bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mild Heteroatom (O-, N-, and S-) Methylation Protocol Using Trimethyl Phosphate (TMP)–Ca(OH)2Combination
Authors: Tang Yu , Yu Biao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA mild heteroatom methylation protocol using trimethyl phosphate (TMP)–Ca(OH)2 combination has been developed, which proceeds in DMF, or water, or under neat conditions, at 80 °C or at room temperature. A series of O-, N-, and S-nucleophiles, including phenols, sulfonamides, N-heterocycles, such as 9H-carbazole, indole derivatives, and 1,8-naphthalimide, and aryl/alkyl thiols, are suitable substrates for this protocol. The high efficiency, operational simplicity, scalability, cost-efficiency, and environmentally friendly nature of this protocol make it an attractive alternative to the conventional base-promoted heteroatom methylation procedures.
Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Interest in Cosmetic Facial Plastic Surgery? A Google Trends Analysis
Authors: Trinh Lily N. , Safeek Rachel , Herrera Daniel , Gupta Amar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFacial cosmetic surgery trends are evolving in the current climate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate public interest in elective facial plastic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic including the period of the COVID-19 vaccine distribution using Google Trends. A Google Trends analysis was completed using popular terms related to facial cosmetic surgery and procedures from March 2017 to August 2021. Three stages were identified (baseline, pre-COVID-19 vaccine distribution, and post-COVID-19 vaccine distribution). Descriptive statistics were calculated and two-tailed t-tests were performed between the pre-vaccine and the post-vaccine phases. Linear regression analysis was also performed to determine percent deflection of search terms. There was significantly greater interest in facial aesthetic procedure search terms, except for tear trough filler, during the post-COVID-19 vaccine phase compared with the pre-COVID-19 vaccine phase. There was greater interest in lower facial procedure interest during this phase compared with upper facial procedures (p-value = 0.0011). The search terms with the greatest deflection percentage during the post-vaccine phase were lip filler, brow lift, and lip flip. There continues to be high demands of facial plastic surgery and procedures despite COVID-19 pandemic.
An Anatomically Placed Tibial Tunnel does not Completely Surround a Simulated PCL Reconstruction Graft in the Proximal Tibia
Authors: Kim Christopher , Baker Dustin , Albers Brian , Kaar Scott G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction It is hypothesized that anatomic tunnel placement will create tunnels with violation of the posterior cortex and subsequently an oblique aperture that is not circumferentially surrounded by bone. In this article, we aimed to characterize posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial tunnel using a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) model.
Methods Ten normal knee CTs with the patella, femur, and fibula removed were used. Simulated 11 mm PCL tibial tunnels were created at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees. The morphology of the posterior proximal tibial exit was examined with 3D modeling software. The length of tunnel not circumferentially covered (cortex violation) was measured to where the tibial tunnel became circumferential. The surface area and volume of the cylinder both in contact with the tibial bone and that not in contact with the tibia were determined. The percentages of the stick-out length surface area and volume not in contact with bone were calculated.
Results The mean stick-out length of uncovered graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 26.3, 20.5, 17.3, and 12.7 mm, respectively. The mean volume of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 840.8, 596.2, 425.6, and 302.9 mm3, respectively. The mean percent of volume of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 32, 29, 25, and 24%, respectively. The mean surface of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 372.2, 280.4, 208.8, and 153.3 mm2, respectively. The mean percent of surface area of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 40, 39, 34, and 34%, respectively.
Conclusion Anatomic tibial tunnel creation using standard transtibial PCL reconstruction techniques consistently risks posterior tibial cortex violation and creation of an oblique aperture posteriorly. This risk is decreased with decreasing the angle of the tibial tunnel, though the posterior cortex is still compromised with angles as low as 40 degrees. With posterior cortex violation, a surgeon should be aware that a graft within the tunnel or socket posteriorly may not be fully in contact with bone. This is especially relevant with inlay and socket techniques.
Immune Response to Locoregional Therapy
Authors: Smolock Amanda R. , White Sarah B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe immune response to cancer is an ongoing area of interest and is the focus of newer systemic agents. Liver-directed therapy has been the standard treatment for primary and metastatic disease limited to the liver. It is increasingly being recognized that these therapies may influence a broader systemic response and immune activation. The clinical and translational data supporting this phenomenon are reviewed herein. The findings and potential impact of the immune response to liver-directed therapies are summarized in this article.
A non-destructive dielectric based approach for the rapid determination of tributyl phosphate in dodecane
Authors: Ananthanarayanan R. , Malathi N. , Sivaramakrishna M. 
Published: January 2022

Reliable determination of tributyl phosphate (TBP) in suitable diluents is indispensable in studies related to nuclear fuel reprocessing. Herein, we present a rapid and non-destructive dielectric based approach to determine TBP in mixtures of TBP and n-dodecane in the quality control as well as research laboratories associated with nuclear fuel reprocessing. The measurement is based on an in-house developed new class of sensors called pulsating sensors. The heart of the instrument consists of a three gate oscillator circuit that generates the first electronic response directly in the digital domain. With a single capacitive type probe and using a standalone embedded unit, two different ranges of measurement are covered. A detailed investigation on the various factors affecting the probe output is carried out to achieve maximum sensitivity and precision in analysis. It takes less than a minute to take a measurement. The precision in analysis in the reported range of measurement (0.7–35% v/v TBP) lies between 0.15% and 11.4% relative standard deviation, while the absolute error in measurement lies between ±0.02 and ±0.43% (v/v). The response time and limit of quantification are 4.5 s and 0.1% (v/v), respectively. The measurements made with the proposed technique are compared with the well-established gas chromatographic technique.
Cancellation method to improve signal to noise ratio of an electrodeless microwave-biased ZnO single crystal x-ray detector
Authors: Zhao Xiaolong , Ye Ming , Cao Zhi , Huang Danyang , Fan Tingting , He Yongning 
Published: January 2022

Semiconductor x-ray detectors are usually fabricated with proper ohmic or Schottky contact electrodes, which make the fabrication process complex and even unable to realize, especially for new materials. In this paper, we demonstrated an electrodeless ZnO single crystal x-ray detector using microwave (MW) bias with a high signal-to-noise ratio obtained by a cancellation method. The MW-biased x-ray detector is fabricated using the split-ring-resonator with the ZnO crystal mounted on the split-ring gap. The analytical response model was built for the detector. The MW cancellation process was realized by a phase and amplitude matching network. By using the cancellation method, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector is about 59.4 dB, which is 58 dB higher than that of the DC-biased ZnO photodetector. The sensitivity of the detector is 139 µC Gy−1 cm−2 for the x-ray dose rate of 3.54 Gy/s, which is 86 times higher than that of the DC-biased ZnO photodetector. The high sensitivity of the detector is due to the high equivalent stimulated voltage caused by the split-ring resonator. The MW-biased detector can be used for x-ray dose monitoring.
Portable, handheld, and affordable blood perfusion imager for screening of subsurface cancer in resource-limited settings
Authors: Bhowmik Arka , Ghosh Biswajoy , Pal Mousumi , Paul Ranjan Rashmi , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Existing procedures of screening subsurface cancers are either prohibitively resource-intensive and expensive or are unable to provide direct quantitative estimates of the relevant physiological parameters for accurate classification accommodating interpatient variabilities and overlapping clinical manifestations. Here, we introduce a handheld and inexpensive blood perfusion imager that provides a noninvasive in situ screening approach for distinguishing precancer, cancer, and normal scenarios by precise quantitative estimation of the localized blood circulation in the tissue over an unrestricted region of interest without any unwarranted noise in the data, augmented by machine learning–based classification. Clinical trials in minimally resourced settings have established the efficacy of the method in differentiating cancerous and precancerous stages of suspected oral abnormalities, as verified by gold-standard biopsy reports.
The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains
Authors: Mertens Stephanie , Herberz Mario , Hahnel Ulf J. J. , Brosch Tobias 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceChanging individuals’ behavior is key to tackling some of today’s most pressing societal challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic or climate change. Choice architecture interventions aim to nudge people toward personally and socially desirable behavior through the design of choice environments. Although increasingly popular, little is known about the overall effectiveness of choice architecture interventions and the conditions under which they facilitate behavior change. Here we quantitatively review over a decade of research, showing that choice architecture interventions successfully promote behavior change across key behavioral domains, populations, and locations. Our findings offer insights into the effects of choice architecture and provide guidelines for behaviorally informed policy making.
Association of improved air quality with lower dementia risk in older women
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Younan Diana , Millstein Joshua , Petkus Andrew J. , Garcia Erika , Beavers Daniel P. , Espeland Mark A. , Chui Helena C. , Resnick Susan M. , Gatz Margaret , Kaufman Joel D. , Wellenius Gregory A. , Whitsel Eric A. , Manson JoAnn E. , Rapp Stephen R. , Chen Jiu-Chiuan 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceEpidemiological studies have demonstrated that improved air quality may improve respiratory health and reduce mortality. Increasing data support late-life exposure to air pollution as a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but whether improved ambient air quality translates to lower dementia risk is unclear. In this study on a geographically diverse cohort of US community-dwelling older women, we found that long-term improvement in ambient air quality in late life was associated with reduced dementia risk. The associations did not significantly differ by age, education, geographic region, Apolipoprotein E e4 genotypes, or cardiovascular risk factors. These findings strengthen the causal association between late-life exposure to air pollution and dementia risk.
Slow expanders invade by forming dented fronts in microbial colonies
Authors: Lee Hyunseok , Gore Jeff , Korolev Kirill S. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Living organisms never cease to evolve, so there is a significant interest in predicting and controlling evolution in all branches of life sciences. The most basic question is whether a trait should increase or decrease in a given environment. The answer seems to be trivial for traits such as the growth rate in a bioreactor or the expansion rate of a tumor. Yet, it has been suggested that such traits can decrease, rather than increase, during evolution. Here, we report a mutant that outcompeted the ancestor despite having a slower expansion velocity when in isolation. To explain this observation, we developed and validated a theory that describes spatial competition between organisms with different expansion rates and arbitrary competitive interactions.
BRD9 regulates interferon-stimulated genes during macrophage activation via cooperation with BET protein BRD4
Authors: Ahmed Nasiha S. , Gatchalian Jovylyn , Ho Josephine , Burns Mannix J. , Hah Nasun , Wei Zong , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. , Hargreaves Diana C. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Macrophages regulate many aspects of the innate immune response and the activation of adaptive immunity following exposure to microbial ligands. However, macrophages can also contribute to inflammation underlying diseases such as atherosclerosis and obesity. Epigenetic regulators control inflammatory gene regulation and, as such, are potential targets for modulation of the inflammatory response. Here, we show that inhibitors and degraders of the bromodomain protein BRD9, a subunit of the noncanonical BAF complex, limit inflammation by specifically blocking the induction of interferon-stimulated genes. This effect overlaps with the transcriptional responses with the BET inhibitor JQ1 but affects fewer genes and is more specific in scope. Our results suggest that BRD9 inhibitors/degraders may be therapeutically relevant agents to limit interferon-associated inflammation.
Inverting the structure–property map of truss metamaterials by deep learning
Authors: Bastek Jan-Hendrik , Kumar Siddhant , Telgen Bastian , Glaesener Raphaël N. , Kochmann Dennis M. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
More than a decade of research has been devoted to leveraging the rich mechanical playground of periodically assembled truss metamaterials. The enormous design space of manufacturable unit cells, however, has made the inverse design a challenge: How does one efficiently identify a complex truss that has given target properties? We answer this question by a data-driven method, which instantly (once trained, within milliseconds) generates not one but a variety of truss unit cells, whose effective response closely matches a given (fully anisotropic) stiffness tensor. Moreover, our framework to smoothly transition between different unit cells enables the design of lightweight structures with spatially varying, locally optimized properties, for applications from wave guiding to artificial bone.
Enhanced spin accumulation in nano-pillar-based lateral spin valve using spin reservoir effect
Authors: Cui Xiaomin , Hu Shaojie , Kimura Takashi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lateral spin valves are ideal nanostructures for investigating spin-transport physics phenomena and promoting the development of future spintronic devices owing to dissipation-less pure spin current. The magnitude of the spin accumulation signal is well understood as a barometer for characterizing spin current devices. Here, we develop a novel fabrication method for lateral spin valves based on ferromagnetic nanopillar structures using a multi-angle deposition technique. We demonstrate that the spin-accumulation signal is effectively enhanced by reducing the lateral dimension of the nonmagnetic spin channel. The obtained results can be quantitatively explained by the confinement of the spin reservoir by considering spin diffusion into the leads. The temperature dependence of the spin accumulation signal and the influence of the thermal spin injection under a high bias current are also discussed.
Study on bandgap and directional wave propagation of a two-dimensional lattice with a nested core
Authors: Hou Jiahong , Zhang Zhijun , Li Dong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a two-dimensional lattice structure with a nested core. The bandgap distribution and the anisotropy of the phase velocity and group velocity were studied based on Bloch’s theorem and the finite element method. The effects of the eccentric ratio (e) and the rotation angle (

θ

) of the dual-phase structure on the bandgap distribution were investigated, and the anisotropy was studied via phase velocity and group velocity. The structure of e = 0.3 displayed the maximum total bandgap width. As

θ

increased, the total bandgap widths of structures of different e all obviously increased and the low-frequency bandgap properties were improved. The phase velocity and group velocity of e = 0 displayed strong anisotropy, and the anisotropy was adjusted by tuning

θ

. Furthermore, the group velocity of the eighth mode displayed high-directional wave propagation. For practical applications, a single-phase structure was proposed and analyzed. Through additive manufacturing technology, the single-phase structure was prepared and tested by a low amplitude test setup. The experimental results displayed good agreement with the numerical results, which demonstrated high directional propagation. This finding may pave the way for practical applications of the proposed lattice metamaterial in terms of wave filtering.
Epitaxial growth and room-temperature ferromagnetism of quasi-2D layered Cr4Te5 thin film
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Weiyuan , Fan Jiyu , Zheng Huan , Liu Hao , Ma Chunlan , Zhang Lei , Tong Wei , Ling Langsheng , Zhu Yan , Yang Hao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Large-scale growth of two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic thin films will provide an ideal platform for studying 2D magnetism and active spintronic devices. However, controllable growth of 2D ferromagnets over large areas faces tremendous challenges. Herein, we report a large-area growth of 2D ferromagnetic single-crystal thin films Cr4Te5 on Al2O3 (0001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction patterns and atomic force microscopy detection confirm that all thin films have high quality epitaxy together with being atom-level smooth. Magnetic measurements show the persistence of ferromagnetic ordering state to above room temperature, with a Curie temperature ∼320 K, atomic magnetic moment ∼0.307

μ

B

/Cr, and the easy-magnetization axis in the film plane. Comparing with bulk Cr4Te5 single-crystal, the critical exponent β = 0.491 indicates that the magnetic interactions of the thin film obey the mean-field model rather than the 3D Heisenberg model. This work will open an avenue for growing large-scale 2D ferromagnets and developing room temperature 2D magnet-based nanodevices.
On chain models for contact electrification
Authors: Hasbun Javier E , Lew Yan Voon Lok C , Willatzen Morten 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An exact analytical model of charge dynamics for a chain of atoms with asymmetric hopping terms is presented. Analytic and numeric results are shown to give rise to similar dynamics in both the absence and presence of electron interactions. The chain model is further extended to the case of two atoms per cell (a perfect alloy system). This extension is further applied to contact electrification between two different atomic chains and the effect of increasing the magnitude of the contact transfer matrix element is studied.
Astigmatism correction of convex aspheres using the subaperture stitching hindle test
Authors: Kim Goeun , Song In-Ung , Kihm Hagyong , Yang Ho-Soon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose an astigmatism correction method for the subaperture stitching Hindle test to measure hyperbolic convex aspheres. Astigmatic wavefront errors arise from misaligned Hindle setups, mechanical runout errors of the rotational motion for stitching, and the surface error of the target itself. Because these errors are combined, they cannot be separated in the conventional subaperture stitching Hindle tests. We exploited the rotational periodicity of each error to distinguish the surface figure error from other astigmatic error sources and rectified the Hindle test results with a third-order astigmatism. Using the subaperture stitching Hindle test, we averaged two sets of measurement data with a 180° rotational phase difference between them to calculate the astigmatic surface error. The proposed method was verified experimentally by comparing it with the results from a commercial stitching interferometer from QED Technologies; only subnanometer differences in the root-mean-square values were obtained. Therefore, the proposed method calibrated the system errors from the test surface wedge and the rotational decenter easily, thereby reducing the mechanical costs and alignment efforts and making it more accessible than a sophisticated mechanism.
Fabrication of 3D hierarchical Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Zhang Xing , Chen Hao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lina , Liu Xinyu , Ma Jinwen , Xu Shichong , Li Haibo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Exploring and fabricating a suitable photoanode with high catalytic activity is critical for enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. Herein, a novel 3D hierarchical Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode was fabricated by a hydrothermal route, combining with an annealing process. The morphology, crystal structure were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photon spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction, respectively. The results reveal the successful preparation of Fe2O3 nanothorns on the surface of SnO2 nanosheets. The as-fabricated 3D Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode yields obviously promoted PEC performance with a photocurrent density of approximate 5.85 mA cm−2, measured in a mixture of Na2S (0.25 M) and Na2SO3 (0.35 M) aqueous solution at 1.23 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). This value of photocurrent is about 53 times higher than that of the bare SnO2 photoanode. The obvious improved PEC properties can be attributed to the 3D Fe2O3/SnO2 heterostructures that offer outstanding light harvesting ability as well as improved charge transport and separation. These results suggest that exploring a suitable 3D hierarchical photoanode is an effective approach to boost PEC performance.
Low-resistivity Pd nanopatterns created by a direct electron beam irradiation process free of post-treatment steps
Authors: Salvador-Porroche Alba , Herrer Lucía , Sangiao Soraya , de Teresa José María , Cea Pilar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ability to create metallic patterned nanostructures with excellent control of size, shape and spatial orientation is of utmost importance in the construction of next-generation electronic and optical devices as well as in other applications such as (bio)sensors, reactive surfaces for catalysis, etc. Moreover, development of simple, rapid and low-cost fabrication processes of metallic patterned nanostructures is a challenging issue for the incorporation of such devices in real market applications. In this contribution, a direct-write method that results in highly conducting palladium-based nanopatterned structures without the need of applying subsequent curing processes is presented. Spin-coated films of palladium acetate were irradiated with an electron beam to produce palladium nanodeposits (PdNDs) with controlled size, shape and height. The use of different electron doses was investigated and its influence on the PdNDs features determined, namely: (1) thickness of the deposits, (2) atomic percentage of palladium content, (3) oxidation state of palladium in the deposit, (4) morphology of the sample and grain size of the Pd nanocrystals and (5) resistivity. It has been probed that the use of high electron doses, 30000 μC cm−2 results in the lowest resistivity reported to date for PdNDs, namely 145 μΩ cm, which is only one order of magnitude higher than bulk palladium. This result paves the way for development of simplified lithography processes of nanostructured deposits avoiding subsequent post-treatment steps.