bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Approach to Model the Underlying Predictors of Early Recurrence and Postoperative Death in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mahmoudi Leila , Fallah Ramezan , Roshanaei Ghodratollah , AsghariJafarabadi Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study, aimed at using a Bayesian approach semi-competing risks technique to model the underlying predictors of early recurrence and postoperative death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort of 284 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery referred to Imam Khomeini clinic in Hamadan from 2001 to 2017. The primary outcomes were the probability of recurrence, the probability of death without recurrence, and the probability of death after recurrence. The patients 'recurrence status was determined from patients' records. The Bayesian survival modeling was carried out by semi-competing risks illness-death models in R 4.1 softwareResults: The results showed that gender(TR = 0.764 , 95% CI: 0.456 - 0.855), age at diagnosis (TR =0.764 , 95 % CI: 0.538 - 0.935 ), T 3 stage (TR = 0601 , 95 % CI : 0.530 - 0.713) , N2 stage ( TR = 0.714 , 95 % CI : 0.577 - 0.935 ) , tumor size (TR = 0.709 , 95 % CI : 0.610 - 0.929), Grade (differentiation level) (TR = 0.856 , 95 % CI: 0.733 - 0.988 for poor level , TR = 0.648 , 95 % CI : 0.503 - 0.955 for moderate level) and number of chemotherapy (TR =1.583 , 95 % CI: 1.367 - 1.863) was significantly related with recurrence . Also, age at diagnosis (TR= 0.396 , 95% CI : 0.313 - 0.532) , metastasis to other sites (TR = 0.566 , 95% CI : 0.490 - 0.835) , T3 stage (TR = 0.363 , 95 % CI : 0.592 - 0.301), T4 stage (TR = 0.434 , 95 % CI : 0.347 - 0.545) , Grade (differentiation level) at moderate level (TR = 0.527 , 0.95 %CI : 0.387 - 0.674), tumor size (TR = 0.595 95 % CI : 0.500 - 0.679) and number of chemotherapy (TR= 1.541 , 95% CI : 1.332 - 2.243) was the significantly predicted the death. Also, age at diagnosis (TR= 0.659, 95% CI: 0.559 - 0.803) and number of chemotherapy (TR= 2.029, 95% CI: 1.792 - 2.191) was significantly related to death after recurrence.Conclusion: According to the specific results obtained for terminal and nonterminal events, appropriate screening strategies and the earlier detection of CRC leads to substantial improvements in the survival of patients.
Epidemiologic features, clinical characteristics, and predictors of mortality in patients with candidemia in Alameda County, California; a 2017-2020 retrospective analysis
Authors: Meyahnwi Didien , Siraw Bekure B. , Reingold Arthur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBlood stream infections caused by Candida species are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an ever-changing epidemiology. We conducted this study to assess trends in the epidemiologic features, risk factors and Candida species distribution in candidemia patients in Alameda County, California.MethodsWe analyzed data collected from patients in Alameda County, California between 2017 and 2020 as part of the California Emerging Infections Program (CEIP). This is a laboratory-based, active surveillance program for candidemia. In our study, we included incident cases only.ResultsDuring the four-year period from January 1st, 2017, to December 31s, 2020, 392 incident cases of candidemia were identified. The mean crude annual cumulative incidence was 5.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (range 5.0-6.5 cases per 100,000 population). Candida glabrata was the most common Candida species and was present as the only Candida species in 149 cases (38.0%), followed by Candida albicans, 130 (33.2%). Mixed Candida species were present in 13 patients (3.3%). Most of the cases of candidemia occurred in individuals with one or more underlying conditions. Multivariate regression models showed that age ≥ 65 years (RR 1.66, CI 1.28-2.14), prior administration of systemic antibiotic therapy, (RR 1.84, CI 1.06-3.17), cirrhosis of the liver, (RR 2.01, CI 1.51-2.68), and prior admission to the ICU (RR1.82, CI 1.36-2.43) were significant predictors of mortality.ConclusionsThe species of candida causing candidemia in Alameda County are currently shifting from Candida albicans to non-albicans species.
Comparison between different visual acuity tests and validation of a digital device
Authors: Montori Blanca , López Estela , Alejandre Adrián , Vilella Marina , Pan Xian , Pueyo Victoria , Ortín Marta , Pérez-Roche Teresa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
PURPOSETo compare different visual acuity tests (printed and digital, symbols and letters) and to validate a new device for visual acuitytesting called DIVE. METHODSVisual acuity was tested in a wide spectrum of adult people with printed tests (ETDRS and LEA symbols) and with two tests implemented in DIVE (HOTV and DIVE symbols). Results of visual acuity values were comparedwithintraclass correlation coefficient and with Bland Altman method. RESULTSRight eyes from 50 adult participants were included in the study. Correlation between tests was high (ICC from 0.93 to 0.98). Bland Altman graphics showed good agreement among the different tests, with differences within clinical reasonable limits. The maximum difference between mean values was 0.09LogMar, less than1 line of distance. However, slightly higher values were obtained with HOTV and DIVE symbols, followed by ETDRS and LEA. CONCLUSIONDIVE visual acuity assessments are reliable tests highly correlated with traditional visual acuity tests.
Global studies on a continuous planar piecewise linear differential system with three zones
Authors: Jia Man , Su Youfeng , Chen Hebai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the global dynamics of a continuous planar piecewise linear differential system with three zones, where the dynamic of the one of the exterior linear zones is saddle and the remaining one is anti-saddle. We give all global phase portraits in the Poincare disc and the complete bifurcation diagram including scabbard bifurcation curves, homoclinic bifurcation curves and double limit cycle bifurcation curve. Its application in a second-order memristor oscillator is shown. Finally, some numerical phase portraits are demonstrated to illustrate our theoretical results.
Clinical and genetic analysis in Chinese children with Alagille syndrome
Authors: Chen Ying , Sun Mei , Teng Xu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem disorder with changeable clinical penetrance. The genes responsible for this disease are JAGGED1 (JAG1) and NOTCH2. Clinical data of this disease is limited in China. The purpose of this study was to enrich the present data of Chinese children with Alagille syndrome by summarizing clinical characteristics and genetic variation of the cases. Case summary: From January 2011 to February 2022, 10 children were diagnosed with ALGS. The organs involved in ALGS were as follows: liver (10, 100%); heart (7, 70%); characteristic facial features (7, 70%); skeleton (4, 40%); brain (1,10%) and kidney (3, 30%). Four patients (40%) were underweight. The main clinical manifestations were cholestasis, heart disease, and facial features. The median total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bile acid were 138.75 mmol/L (normal, 3.4–20.5 mmol/L), 107.25 mmol/L (normal, 0–8.6 mmol/L), and 110.65 mmol/L (normal, 0.5–10.0 mmol/L), respectively. The median value of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was 223 U/L (normal, 9–64 U/L). Six (60%) children had hypercholesteremia. Eight different JAG1 gene variations and one NOTCH2 gene pathogenic variant in the 10 Chinese ALGS patients were identified.Conclusion: Cholestasis was the most common initial presenting symptom in Chinese ALGS pediatric patients. Pathogenic variants in JAG1 and NOTCH2 are the primary mutations in Chinese children with ALGS, but we had our own unique variants spectrum. ALGS should be considered for cholestasis in infants and young children, especially those with multi-organ abnormalities.
Influence of Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors in Choosing Hospitalist Careers among US Medical Students
Authors: Rachoin Jean-Sebastien , Vilceanu M. Olguta , Franzblau Natali , Gordon Sabrina , Cerceo Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The subspecialty of Hospital Medicine (HM) has grown rapidly since the mid-1990s. Diversity and inclusion are often studied in the context of healthcare equity and leadership. However, little is known about the factors potentially associated with choosing this career path among US medical students. Methods: We analyzed the results of the Annual Association of American Medical Colleges Survey administered to Graduating medical students from US medical schools from 2018 to 2020.Results: We analyzed 46,614 questionnaires. 19.3% of respondents (N=8,977) intended to work as a HM (unchanged from 2018 to 2020), mostly combined with specialties in IM (31.5%), Pediatrics (14.6%), and Surgery (9.1%). Students interested in HM were significantly more likely to identify as female, LGB, Asian or Black/African-American, or Hispanic. Role models and the ability to do a fellowship were strong factors in choosing HM, as was higher average for educational debt (HM $170,000 vs. $155,000. Interest in higher salary and work/life balance negatively impacted the likelihood of choosing HM. There were significant differences between students who chose IM/HM and Pediatrics/HM. Conclusion: About one in five US medical students is interested in HM. The probability of choosing future HM careers is higher for students who identify as sexual or racial minorities, with a higher amount of educational debt, planning to enter a loan forgiveness program or are interested in doing a fellowship.
Assesment of Burnout &amp; Stress Among Medical &amp; Non-medical Students Age 18 Years and Above in Malaysia
Authors: Kyaw Thin Mon , Murthi Kavilan , Aveliar Vikneswary , Anadan Tilasini , Chelven Ashwini Avudima Kavi , Mun'em Fathiyah Abd , Kamal Sakina , Mazlan Nur Liyana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: According to World Health Organization, burnout is a syndrome resulting from work related stress which had not been well managed and this may lead to extreme health issues among people. Therefore, it’s important to learn how to prevent burnout and stress by addressing the factors associated with them. Objective: The objective was to assess the burnout and stress among Malaysian medical students & non-medical students age 18 years and above in Malaysia.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted by enrolling Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above. An online questionnaire was distributed with google form through multiple electronic platforms.Results: We found that most of the medical students have moderate level of burnout which was 28.3 % followed by high level of burnout which was 13.9%, no/low level burnout which was 5.8% and severe burnout which was 2.6%. Most of the non-medical students have moderate level of burnout which was 26.5 % followed by high level of burnout which was 16.8%. Furthermore, most of the both medical students and non-medical students having moderate level of stress which are 41.6% and 40.1% respectively.Conclusion: Overall, student’s mental health has been mostly triggered to stressful environment due to their academic sector mostly which led to more complication such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Personal and sexual boundaries: The experiences of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Svae Gøril Brevik , Blixt Line , Søndenaa Erik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous research shows that people with intellectual disabilities have less knowledge about sexual health and are more vulnerable to victimisation. In cases of sexual abuse, they are likely to encounter the criminal justice system as vulnerable witnesses. Several challenges arise when people with intellectual disabilities are in communication with the criminal justice system We aimed to explore the perceptions, experiences and knowledge of people with intellectual disabilities regarding personal and sexual boundaries in order to map factors that can help prevent sexual abuse. Method: The study had a qualitative design. Data were collected from seven people with mild intellectual disabilities (28–40 years; 2 men, five women) through one-to-one interviews in specialised health care services for people with intellectual disabilities (SHCS). Some participants lived alone, and some lived with their families. Many received professional support services. Data were analysed using thematic analyses. Results: The interviews identified that the participants want to be in romantic relationships but consider sex to be unimportant. Many of them have had trouble finding someone to have a romantic relationship with. The participants were unsure about sexual consent related to sexual activity, though many could explain the concept of consent in other contexts. Many participants reported that they had experienced sexual abuse, including online sexual abuse. Those participants who had reported the sexual abuse had positive experiences obtaining assistance from the criminal justice system. Some participants reported trauma and fear related to the sexual abuse they had experienced. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for increased sexual education, including information about sexually abusive relationships, risks online and ways to get help. More attention should be given to the importance of trauma, and treatment after experiencing sexual abuse is needed.
Based annual classification of precipitation fallow period in dryland the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Noor Hafeez , Min Sun , Ren Aixia , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to clarify the relationship between wheat yield and precipitation in dryland region, the annual classification method of precipitation in fallow period was summarized in this paper by analyzing precipitation, precipitation distribution and its relationship with yield in Wenxi Experimental Base of Shanxi Province and major meteorological stations on the Loess Plateau from 1983 to 2020.The results showed that the average precipitation during fallow period was 296mm (coefficient of variation CV = 10%), accounting for 58% (coefficient of variation CV = 6%) of annual precipitation in the upland region of the Loess Plateau. With the increase of precipitation in fallow period, the wheat yield in dryland increased logarithmically (Y = 2526.5 lnX-10148, R2 = 0.42, P < 0.05). The method of annual classification of precipitation in fallow period. Divide the year type by annual precipitation, wet year: Pi > Pm + 0.33δ; Pm-0.33 δ ≤ Pi ≤ Pm + 0.33δ; Dry years: Pi < Pm-0.33 δ, Pi is annual precipitation (mm); Pm is perennial average annual precipitation (mm); δ is mean variance of annual precipitation (mm). In total, 17 years were perennial, 7 years were wet and 13 years were dry. The years in which the proportion of perennial and humid fallow precipitation was lower than the multi-year average were defined as abnormal years, and the years in which the proportion of arid fallow precipitation was higher than the multi-year average were defined as abnormal years.
Clusters of comorbidities in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Prior Thomas Skovhus , Wälscher Julia , Gross Benjamin , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Kreuter Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a type of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with a variable disease course and prognosis ranging from inflammatory and self-limiting to irreversible and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Comorbidities are common in HP and may have an impact on prognosis. Due to the heterogeneity of HP presentation and progression, the identification of specific phenotypes in relationship to disease course and outcome is essential. The aim of this study was to identify clusters of comorbidities which could represent phenotypes in fibrotic HP and examine their impact on prognosis. Methods: Patients diagnosed with fibrotic HP at a tertiary referral center for ILD were included. Comorbidities were systematically registered and clusters of comorbidities were identified using cluster analyses. Disease progression and survival was estimated for each cluster.Results: The cohort comprised 211 patients with 53.6% males, mean age 63.0, baseline FVC 72.7%, DLCO 44.1%. Median follow-up time was 1.8 years (IQR 0.7-3.9). Three clusters with distinct comorbidity profiles and clinical characteristics were identified. One cluster dominated by elder male patients with predominantly cardiovascular diseases was associated with more respiratory hospitalizations and a worse prognosis. Differences in pulmonary function or exercise capacity trajectories between clusters were not observed.Conclusions: Three clusters with distinct comorbidities were identified and could represent phenotypes in fibrotic HP not previously recognized. The worst prognosis was observed in a cluster dominated by elder males with cardiovascular diseases. Increased focus on prevention and treatment of comorbidities could potentially improve the prognosis of patients with fibrotic HP.
Electrochemically formed inverse opals of silver
Authors: Arabov Rustam I. , Komarova Maria Yu. , Knotko Alexander V. , Maslakov Konstantin I. , Martynova Natalia A. , Savilov Serguei V. , Grigorieva Anastasia V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Silver inverse opals have been prepared electrochemically using a number of water-ethanol acidic or alkaline electrolytes. Opal matrices made of polystyrene microspheres of 420 nm diameter were used as templates. Compositions of electrolytes and conditions of syntheses have been optimized according to cyclic voltammetry and stability window of silver complexes during the experiments. Samples with the most uniform structure have been deposited from the iodous electrolyte. At the same time, the list percentage of surface admixtures observed for the opals formed from the rhodanide electrolyte using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Reflectance optical spectra of the silver inverse opals measured with angles of incidence of 8 - 64° have shown various plasmon excitation modes in a visible spectral range according to the Bragg effect making the silver opals attractive for the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS).
Effect of pinoresinol and vanillic acid isolated from Catalpa bignonioides on mouse myoblast proliferation via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Kim Seo-Young , Kwon Sung-Pil , Park SeonJu , Cho Su-Hyeon , Oh Youngse , Kim Seung Hyun , Park Yoon Ho , Jung Hyun Suk , Lee Deug-chan , Jeong Hoibin , Kim Kil-Nam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease in which skeletal muscle decreases with age. Stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells may help prevent sarcopenia. To discover effective natural substances enabling to treat muscle loss without side effects, we evaluated muscle growth with several compounds extracted from Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Among these compounds, pinoresinol and vanillic acid increased C2C12, a mouse myoblast cell line, proliferation the most without cytotoxicity. These substances activated the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which positively regulates the proliferation of muscle cells. In addition, they strongly bound to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), which is an upstream of the Akt/mTOR pathway, indicating that both pinoresinol and vanillic acid stimulate myoblast proliferation through direct interaction with IGF-1R. These results suggest that pinoresinol and vanillic acid may improve the proliferation of skeletal muscle via IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR signaling and thus alleviate diseases such as sarcopenia.
Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule for flap reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial cancer patients
Authors: Zhao Yili , Li Xueer , Wang Yuepeng , Chen Yanhong , Li Dandan , Jiang Qiming , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: We established a MSBOS for flap reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial cancer patients.Method: We enrolled 2080 cases of oral and maxillofacial flap reconstruction from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021. Patient data were collected, including age, sex, BMI, preoperative Hb levels, ASA grade, T stage, flap type, tumor location, and bone flap. Scoring criteria were established based on a multivariate model of independent risk variables and their odds ratios. Two flap-type groups were divided into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups by the scoring criteria, and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Perioperative transfusion analysis identified independent risk factors at various Hb levels. The cumulative percentage of patients requiring perioperative blood transfusion for each surgical procedure was calculated to establish the MSBOS.Results: 1) Regression analysis showed that BMI, tumor T staging, ASA grade, preoperative Hb level (male: Hb < 130 g/L, female: Hb < 120 g/L), and bone flap were independent risk factors for perioperative blood transfusion. 2) Regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for perioperative transfusion included the following: BMI, tumor T3-T4 stage, ASA Ⅲ, Ⅳ grade, and free flap/pediculated flap/bone flap in patients with different Hb levels; T3-T4 stage, ASA grade III-IV in mildly anemic patients; and ASA grade III-IV in moderately anemic patients. 3) A MSBOS was established for flap reconstruction in head and neck cancer patients.Conclusion: A MSBOS can guide preoperative blood preparation for head and neck cancer procedures, help optimize blood inventory, and save blood resources.
Effects of alcohol use disorder on biochemical and hematological parameters of adolescents
Authors: Anorue Eleazar Chukwuemeka , Joshua Parker Elijah , Anosike Chioma Assumpta , Nwaguma Benedict Chima 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Alcohol use disorder is becoming an increasing problem among adolescents. As a result, it has been reported that abuse of alcohol contributes to over 3 million deaths each year globally and is one of the world’s leading risk factors of morbidity, mortality and disability among adolescents.
Aim
Therefore, investigation was carried out to know the effects of alcohol use disorder on hematological and biochemical parameters of adolescents.
Method
The study was categorized into 3 groups comprising of non-drinkers (0g/day), low drinkers (≤ 46g/day), and high drinkers (≥ 46g/day).
Result
It was found that biochemical and hematological parameters of high drinkers (≥ 46g/day) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to that of non-drinkers and low drinkers.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that alcohol use disorder can lead to anemia, vulnerability to infection, liver toxicity, kidney failure, and other pathophysiological conditions among adolescents given to high intake of alcohol.