bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized tunable extended eight-port hybrid coupler for 1.5 T MRI
Authors: Colwell Zachary A. , Sohn Sung-Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a miniaturized, tunable, high-power, eight-port hybrid coupler, based on a lumped element hybrid coupler topology. The 90° hybrid couplers are ubiquitous elements used for feeding RF coils in quadrature in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Due to the low Larmor frequency (64 MHz) of 1.5 T MRI, distributed elements are too large for practical circuits to drive multi-port RF coils. Thus, miniaturization with MRI-compatible, non-magnetic, and high-power components is necessary. First, a miniaturized hybrid coupler is proposed for MRI systems with non-magnetic variable capacitors. Afterwards, the miniaturization methodology is applied to develop an eight-port coupler, capable of supporting both a transmit and a receive quadrature RF coil system. The high-power (up to 1 kilowatt) extended coupler measures 10 cm × 6 cm. Test results show that each port has a return loss of more than 16 dB, each input-isolated port is isolated by more than 24 dB, and each output has an insertion loss of less than 2.5 dB and output phases of 0.0°, 90.8°, 182.1°, and 278.7°.
Magnetotelluric Investigations of the Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii
Authors: Hoversten G. M. , Gasperikova Erika , Mackie Randall , Myer David , Kauahikaua Jim , Newman Greg. A. , Cuevas Nestor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 2002 and 2003 a collaborative effort was undertaken between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Menlo Park, the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, and Electromagnetic Instruments Inc. to study the Kīlauea volcano in Hawaii using the magnetotelluric (MT) technique. The work was motivated by a desire to improve understanding of the magma reservoirs and conduits within Kīlauea and the East and Southwest Rift zones, which has implications for understanding Kīlauea's plumbing system. An improved understanding of the rift zones has implications in understanding large‐scale landslides that are generated in the Hilina Slump, which produce significant impacts on coastal communities. Up to eight stations operated simultaneously, with multiple remote reference sites, and data were processed using multi‐station robust processing techniques. In total, data were acquired at 70 sites over the Southwest and East rift zones. Good to excellent quality data were obtained even in the harshest conditions, such as those encountered on the fresh lava flows of the East Rift Zone, where electrical contact resistances are on the order of 100 kΩ. A three‐dimensional (3D) MT model study was done to guide interpretation of the observed MT measurements. Synthetic modeling demonstrates that conductive bodies in the upper 3 km can be spatially resolved where MT station sampling is good. Resistivity anomalies in the 3D inversions have a high degree of spatial correlation with previously published seismic velocity anomalies beneath Kīlauea. Melt fractions between 0.096 and 0.117 are calculated for the Kīlauea and Puʻuʻōʻō low resistivity anomalies, respectively.
Suppression of exaggerated NMDAR activity by memantine treatment ameliorates neurological and behavioral deficits in aminopeptidase P1-deficient mice
Authors: Bae Young-Soo , Yoon Sang Ho , Kim Young Sook , Oh Sung Pyo , Song Woo Seok , Cha Jin Hee , Kim Myoung-Hwan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are common causes of neurodevelopmental disorders, including microcephaly, hyperactivity, and intellectual disability. However, the synaptic mechanisms of and pharmacological interventions for the neurological complications of most IEMs are unclear. Here, we report that metabolic dysfunction perturbs neuronal NMDA receptor (NMDAR) homeostasis and that the restoration of NMDAR signaling ameliorates neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits in IEM model mice that lack aminopeptidase P1. Aminopeptidase P1-deficient (Xpnpep1–/–) mice, with a disruption of the proline-specific metalloprotease gene Xpnpep1, exhibit hippocampal neurodegeneration, behavioral hyperactivity, and impaired hippocampus-dependent learning. In this study, we found that GluN1 and GluN2A expression, NMDAR activity, and the NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synaptic transmission were markedly enhanced in the hippocampi of Xpnpep1–/– mice. The exaggerated NMDAR activity and NMDAR-dependent LTP were reversed by the NMDAR antagonist memantine. A single administration of memantine reversed hyperactivity in adult Xpnpep1–/– mice without improving learning and memory. Furthermore, chronic administration of memantine ameliorated hippocampal neurodegeneration, hyperactivity, and impaired learning and memory in Xpnpep1–/– mice. In addition, abnormally enhanced NMDAR-dependent LTP and NMDAR downstream signaling in the hippocampi of Xpnpep1–/– mice were reversed by chronic memantine treatment. These results suggest that the metabolic dysfunction caused by aminopeptidase P1 deficiency leads to synaptic dysfunction with excessive NMDAR activity, and the restoration of synaptic function may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurological complications related to IEMs.
Exchange-induced spin polarization in a single magnetic molecule junction
Authors: Pei Tian , Thomas James O. , Sopp Simen , Tsang Ming-Yee , Dotti Nicola , Baugh Jonathan , Chilton Nicholas F. , Cardona-Serra Salvador , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro , Anderson Harry L. , Bogani Lapo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany spintronic devices rely on the presence of spin-polarized currents at zero magnetic field. This is often obtained by spin exchange-bias, where an element with long-range magnetic order creates magnetized states and displaces the hysteresis loop. Here we demonstrate that exchange-split spin states are observable and usable in the smallest conceivable unit: a single magnetic molecule. We use a redox-active porphyrin as a transport channel, coordinating a dysprosium-based single-molecule-magnet inside a graphene nano-gap. Single-molecule transport in magnetic field reveals the existence of exchange-split channels with different spin-polarizations that depend strongly on the field orientation, and comparison with the diamagnetic isostructural compound and milikelvin torque magnetometry unravels the role of the single-molecule anisotropy and the molecular orientation. These results open a path to using spin-exchange in molecular electronics, and offer a method to quantify the internal spin structure of single molecules in multiple oxidation states.
Dynamic actuation enhances transport and extends therapeutic lifespan in an implantable drug delivery platform
Authors: Whyte William , Goswami Debkalpa , Wang Sophie X. , Fan Yiling , Ward Niamh A. , Levey Ruth E. , Beatty Rachel , Robinson Scott T. , Sheppard Declan , O’Connor Raymond , Monahan David S. , Trask Lesley , Mendez Keegan L. , Varela Claudia E. , Horvath Markus A. , Wylie Robert , O’Dwyer Joanne , Domingo-Lopez Daniel A. , Rothman Arielle S. , Duffy Garry P. , Dolan Eimear B. , Roche Ellen T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFibrous capsule (FC) formation, secondary to the foreign body response (FBR), impedes molecular transport and is detrimental to the long-term efficacy of implantable drug delivery devices, especially when tunable, temporal control is necessary. We report the development of an implantable mechanotherapeutic drug delivery platform to mitigate and overcome this host immune response using two distinct, yet synergistic soft robotic strategies. Firstly, daily intermittent actuation (cycling at 1 Hz for 5 minutes every 12 hours) preserves long-term, rapid delivery of a model drug (insulin) over 8 weeks of implantation, by mediating local immunomodulation of the cellular FBR and inducing multiphasic temporal FC changes. Secondly, actuation-mediated rapid release of therapy can enhance mass transport and therapeutic effect with tunable, temporal control. In a step towards clinical translation, we utilise a minimally invasive percutaneous approach to implant a scaled-up device in a human cadaveric model. Our soft actuatable platform has potential clinical utility for a variety of indications where transport is affected by fibrosis, such as the management of type 1 diabetes.
Thermodynamics of organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Cucchi Matteo , Weissbach Anton , Bongartz Lukas M. , Kantelberg Richard , Tseng Hsin , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite their increasing usefulness in a wide variety of applications, organic electrochemical transistors still lack a comprehensive and unifying physical framework able to describe the current-voltage characteristics and the polymer/electrolyte interactions simultaneously. Building upon thermodynamic axioms, we present a quantitative analysis of the operation of organic electrochemical transistors. We reveal that the entropy of mixing is the main driving force behind the redox mechanism that rules the transfer properties of such devices in electrolytic environments. In the light of these findings, we show that traditional models used for organic electrochemical transistors, based on the theory of field-effect transistors, fall short as they treat the active material as a simple capacitor while ignoring the material properties and energetic interactions. Finally, by analyzing a large spectrum of solvents and device regimes, we quantify the entropic and enthalpic contributions and put forward an approach for targeted material design and device applications.
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system
Authors: Shilts Jarrod , Severin Yannik , Galaway Francis , Müller-Sienerth Nicole , Chong Zheng-Shan , Pritchard Sophie , Teichmann Sarah , Vento-Tormo Roser , Snijder Berend , Wright Gavin J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe human immune system is composed of a distributed network of cells circulating throughout the body, which must dynamically form physical associations and communicate using interactions between their cell-surface proteomes1. Despite their therapeutic potential2, our map of these surface interactions remains incomplete3,4. Here, using a high-throughput surface receptor screening method, we systematically mapped the direct protein interactions across a recombinant library that encompasses most of the surface proteins that are detectable on human leukocytes. We independently validated and determined the biophysical parameters of each novel interaction, resulting in a high-confidence and quantitative view of the receptor wiring that connects human immune cells. By integrating our interactome with expression data, we identified trends in the dynamics of immune interactions and constructed a reductionist mathematical model that predicts cellular connectivity from basic principles. We also developed an interactive multi-tissue single-cell atlas that infers immune interactions throughout the body, revealing potential functional contexts for new interactions and hubs in multicellular networks. Finally, we combined targeted protein stimulation of human leukocytes with multiplex high-content microscopy to link our receptor interactions to functional roles, in terms of both modulating immune responses and maintaining normal patterns of intercellular associations. Together, our work provides a systematic perspective on the intercellular wiring of the human immune system that extends from systems-level principles of immune cell connectivity down to mechanistic characterization of individual receptors, which could offer opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Developing a high-resolution gridded rainfall product for Bangladesh during 1901–2018
Authors: Dewan Ashraf , Shahid Shamsuddin , Bhuian Md. Hanif , Hossain Shaikh M. Jobayed , Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Chung Eun-Sung , Hassan Quazi K. , Asaduzzaman Md 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA high-resolution (1 km × 1 km) monthly gridded rainfall data product during 1901–2018, named Bangladesh Gridded Rainfall (BDGR), was developed in this study. In-situ rainfall observations retrieved from a number of sources, including national organizations and undigitized data from the colonial era, were used. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to assess product’s ability to capture spatial and temporal variability. The results revealed spatial variability of the percentage bias (PBIAS) in the range of −2 to 2%, normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) <20%, and correlation coefficient (R2) >0.88 at most of the locations. The temporal variability in mean PBIAS for 1901–2018 was in the range of −4.5 to 4.3%, NRMSE between 9 and 19% and R2 in the range of 0.87 to 0.95. The BDGR also showed its capability in replicating temporal patterns and trends of observed rainfall with greater accuracy. The product can provide reliable insights regarding various hydrometeorological issues, including historical floods, droughts, and groundwater recharge for a well-recognized global climate hotspot, Bangladesh.
Design and validation of cyanobacteria-rhizobacteria consortia for tomato seedlings growth promotion
Authors: Toribio A. J. , Suárez-Estrella F. , Jurado M. M. , López-González J. A. , Martínez-Gallardo M. R. , López M. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of rhizobacteria provide great benefits in terms of nitrogen supply, suppression of plant diseases, or production of vitamins and phytohormones that stimulate the plant growth. At the same time, cyanobacteria can photosynthesize, fix nitrogen, synthesize substances that stimulate rhizogenesis, plant aerial growth, or even suppose an extra supply of carbon usable by heterotrophic bacteria, as well as act as biological control agents, give them an enormous value as plant growth promoters. The present study focused on the in vitro establishment of consortia using heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria and the determination of their effectiveness in the development of tomato seedlings. Microbial collection was composed of 3 cyanobacteria (SAB-M612 and SAB-B866 belonging to Nostocaceae Family) and GS (unidentified cyanobacterium) and two phosphate and potassium solubilizing heterotrophic bacteria (Pseudomonas putida-BIO175 and Pantoea cypripedii-BIO175). The results revealed the influence of the culture medium, incubation time and the microbial components of each consortium in determining their success as biofertilizers. In this work, the most compatible consortia were obtained by combining the SAB-B866 and GS cyanobacteria with either of the two heterotrophic bacteria. Cyanobacteria GS promoted the growth of both rhizobacteria in vitro (increasing logarithmic units when they grew together). While Cyanobacteria SAB-B866 together with both rhizobacteria stimulated the growth of tomato seedlings in planta, leading to greater aerial development of the treated seedlings. Parameters such as fresh weight and stem diameter stood out in the plants treated with the consortia (SAB-B866 and both bacteria) compared to the untreated plants, where the values doubled. However, the increase was more discrete for the parameters stem length and number of leaves. These results suggest that the artificial formulation of microbial consortia can have positive synergistic effects on plant growth, which is of enormous agro-biotechnological interest.
β subunits of GABAA receptors form proton-gated chloride channels: Insights into the molecular basis
Authors: Garifulina Aleksandra , Friesacher Theres , Stadler Marco , Zangerl-Plessl Eva-Maria , Ernst Margot , Stary-Weinzinger Anna , Willam Anita , Hering Steffen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are ligand gated channels mediating inhibition in the central nervous system. Here, we identify a so far undescribed function of β-subunit homomers as proton-gated anion channels. Mutation of a single H267A in β3 subunits completely abolishes channel activation by protons. In molecular dynamic simulations of the β3 crystal structure protonation of H267 increased the formation of hydrogen bonds between H267 and E270 of the adjacent subunit leading to a pore stabilising ring formation and accumulation of Cl- within the transmembrane pore. Conversion of these residues in proton insensitive ρ1 subunits transfers proton-dependent gating, thus highlighting the role of this interaction in proton sensitivity. Activation of chloride and bicarbonate currents at physiological pH changes (pH50 is in the range 6- 6.3) and kinetic studies suggest a physiological role in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues that express beta subunits, and thus as potential novel drug target.
Proximity to small-scale inland and coastal fisheries is associated with improved income and food security
Authors: Simmance Fiona A. , Nico Gianluigi , Funge-Smith Simon , Basurto Xavier , Franz Nicole , Teoh Shwu J. , Byrd Kendra A. , Kolding Jeppe , Ahern Molly , Cohen Philippa J. , Nankwenya Bonface , Gondwe Edith , Virdin John , Chimatiro Sloans , Nagoli Joseph , Kaunda Emmanuel , Thilsted Shakuntala H. , Mills David J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPoverty and food insecurity persist in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative data from three sub-Saharan Africa countries (Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda) to investigate how both proximity to and engagement with small-scale fisheries are associated with household poverty and food insecurity. Results from the analysis suggest that households engaged in small-scale fisheries were 9 percentage points less likely to be poor than households engaged only in agriculture. Households living in proximity to small-scale fisheries (average distance 2.7 km) were 12.6 percentage points more likely to achieve adequate food security and were 15 percentage points less likely to be income poor, compared to the most distant households. Households distant from fishing grounds (>5 km) were 1.5 times more likely to consume dried fish compared to households living close. Conserving the flow of benefits from small-scale fisheries is important for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in the region.
Systemic acquired resistance-associated transport and metabolic regulation of salicylic acid and glycerol-3-phosphate
Authors: Kachroo Aardra , Liu Huazhen , Yuan Xinyu , Kurokawa Tatsushi , Kachroo Pradeep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a type of long-distance immunity in plants, provides long-lasting resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR is thought to involve the rapid generation and systemic transport of a mobile signal that prepares systemic parts of the plant to better resist future infections. Exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying SAR have identified multiple mobile regulators of SAR in the last few decades. Examination of the relationship among several of these seemingly unrelated molecules depicts a forked pathway comprising at least two branches of equal importance to SAR. One branch is regulated by the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA), and the other culminates (based on current knowledge) with the phosphorylated sugar derivative, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). This review summarizes the activities that contribute to pathogen-responsive generation of SA and G3P and the components that regulate their systemic transport during SAR.
J-PLUS: Discovery and characterisation of ultracool dwarfs using Virtual Observatory tools
Authors: Mas-Buitrago P. , Solano E. , González-Marcos A. , Rodrigo C. , Martín E. L. , Caballero J. A. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Cruz P. , Ederoclite A. , Ordieres-Meré J. , Bello-García A. , Dupke R. A. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Alcaniz J. , Sodré L. , Angulo R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) comprise the lowest mass members of the stellar population and brown dwarfs, from M7 V to cooler objects with L, T, and Y spectral types. Most of them have been discovered using wide-field imaging surveys, for which the Virtual Observatory (VO) has proven to be of great utility.
Aims. We aim to perform a search for UCDs in the entire Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) second data release (2176 deg2) following a VO methodology. We also explore the ability to reproduce this search with a purely machine learning (ML)-based methodology that relies solely on J-PLUS photometry.
Methods. We followed three different approaches based on parallaxes, proper motions, and colours, respectively, using the VOSA tool to estimate the effective temperatures and complement J-PLUS photometry with other catalogues in the optical and infrared. For the ML methodology, we built a two-step method based on principal component analysis and support vector machine algorithms.
Results. We identified a total of 7827 new candidate UCDs, which represents an increase of about 135% in the number of UCDs reported in the sky coverage of the J-PLUS second data release. Among the candidate UCDs, we found 122 possible unresolved binary systems, 78 wide multiple systems, and 48 objects with a high Bayesian probability of belonging to a young association. We also identified four objects with strong excess in the filter corresponding to the Ca ii H and K emission lines and four other objects with excess emission in the Hα filter. Follow-up spectroscopic observations of two of them indicate they are normal late-M dwarfs. With the ML approach, we obtained a recall score of 92% and 91% in the 20 × 20 deg2 regions used for testing and blind testing, respectively.
Conclusions. We consolidated the proposed search methodology for UCDs, which will be used in deeper and larger upcoming surveys such as J-PAS and Euclid. We concluded that the ML methodology is more efficient in the sense that it allows for a larger number of true negatives to be discarded prior to analysis with VOSA, although it is more photometrically restrictive.
University trademarks: strategies of top Chinese universities
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ma Tingjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFierce, ever-increasing competition has prompted universities to pay more attention to their academic brand. Since the 1980s, top Chinese universities have begun to register trademarks and manage academic brands. After more than 20 years of hard work, what have they achieved? This paper, which conducts research based on big data on the trademarks and litigation of the 42 first-class universities, is the first systematic analysis of the trademark practices and strategies of Chinese universities. Our data show the following dimensions of top Chinese universities: the timing of the first trademark application, core trademark, non-core trademarks, trademark elements, distribution of trademarks in the Nice Classification, number of trademarks, legal status, and trademark litigation. Additionally, several typical universities, offering both positive and negative examples, were studied. Through the above analysis, we found that the application has some blind spots, there is a lack of initiative in trademark litigation, and the trademark management systems in universities are not considered relevant. To solve these problems, a range of suggestions from macro to micro is offered to help universities formulate a systematic and reasonable trademark protection strategy, strengthen the legal protection of their trademark rights, and improve their internal trademark management system.