bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between breastfeeding, parents’ body mass index and birth weight with obesity indicators in children
Authors: Santos Maurício dos , Ferrari Gerson , Drenowatz Clemens , Estivaleti José Matheus , de Victo Eduardo Rossato , de Oliveira Luis Carlos , Matsudo Victor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Childhood obesity is potentially affected by breastfeeding, parents’ body mass index and birth weight. Thus, this study aimed to verify the association between breastfeeding, parents’ body mass index and birth weight with obesity indicators in children.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study, including data from 402 schoolchildren between 9 and 11 of age in the city of São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. Parents or guardians answered a questionnaire about breastfeeding (month), birth weight (kg), and parental body weight and height (parents’ body mass index [kg/m2] was calculated). Body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm) and body fat (%), determined via bio-impedance, were measured and used as obesity indicators. Multi-level linear regression models were used to assess the respective associations adjusted for the potential confounders.

Results
Considering body mass index of children, the overall prevalence of eutrophic, overweight and obese were 58.2%, 20.9% and 17.2%, respectively. Significant and positive correlations were observed between breastfeeding, maternal as well as paternal body mass index and the children’s body mass index, body fat and waist circumference. Birth weight was weakly and positively associated with body mass index and body fat but was not associated with waist circumference. After adjusting for school, sex, age, race/ethnicity, annual household income, sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, maternal body mass index and birth weight were positively associated with children’s body mass index (β: 0.228; 95%CI: 0.142; 0.314 and β: 0.001; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.002), body fat (β: 0.484; 95%CI: 0.297; 0.671 and β: 0.002; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.003) and waist circumference (β: 0.509; 95%CI: 0.304; 0.715 and β: 0.003; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.005). Breastfeeding was not associated with any obesity indicators.

Conclusion
Maternal body mass index and birth weight were associated with children’s obesity indicators. The perinatal environment, therefore, appears to be a critical contributor to childhood obesity and public policies need to address parental obesity in order to tackle childhood obesity.

Trial registration:
The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at (Identifier NCT01722500).
Attitudes and personal beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine among people with COVID-19: a mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Bennett Monica M. , Douglas Megan , da Graca Briget , Sanchez Katherine , Powers Mark B. , Warren Ann Marie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Little research is available regarding vaccination attitudes among those recently diagnosed with COVID-19. This is important to investigate, particularly among those experiencing mild-to-moderate illness, given the ongoing need to improve uptake of both initial vaccine series and booster doses, and the divergent ways such an experience could impact attitudes.

Methods
From September 3 – November 12, 2021, all patients enrolled in Baylor Scott & White’s “COVID-19 Digital Care Journey for Home Monitoring” were invited to participate in an online survey that included questions about vaccination status and attitudes/opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccines. Following an item asking about accordance of COVID-19 vaccination with religious/personal beliefs, participants were asked to describe those beliefs and how they relate to taking/not taking the vaccine.

Results
Of 8,075 patients age ≥ 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 and invited to join the survey during the study period, 3242 (40.2%) were fully vaccinated. In contrast, among the 149 who completed the questionnaire, 95(63.8%) reported full vaccination. Responses differed significantly between vaccination groups. The vaccinated group strongly agreed that COVID-19 is a major public health problem, the vaccines are safe and effective, and their decision to vaccinate included considering community benefit. The unvaccinated group responded neutrally to most questions addressing safety and public health aspects of the vaccine, while strongly disagreeing with statements regarding vaccine effectiveness and other preventative public health measures. The vaccinated group strongly agreed that taking the vaccine accorded with their religious/personal beliefs, while the unvaccinated group was neutral. In qualitative analysis of the free text responses “risk perception/calculation” and “no impact” of religious/personal beliefs on vaccination decisions were frequent themes/subthemes in both groups, but beliefs related to the “greater good” were a strong driver among the vaccinated, while statements emphasizing “individual choice” were a third frequent theme for the unvaccinated.

Conclusion
Our results show that two of the three factors that drive vaccine hesitancy (complacency, and lack of confidence in the vaccines) are present among unvaccinated adults recently diagnosed with COVID-19. They also show that beliefs emphasizing the importance of the greater good promote public health participation.
Superoxide-producing thermostable associate from the small intestines of control and alloxan-induced diabetic rats: quantitative and qualitative changes
Authors: Simonyan R. M. , Simonyan K. V. , Simonyan G. M. , Khachatryan H. S. , Babayan M. A. , Danielyan M. H. , Darbinyan L. V. , Simonyan M. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), which is highly expressed in the colon, is thought to play a potential role in host defense as a physical and innate immune barrier against commensal or pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Diabetes can be caused by several biological factors, including insulin resistance is one of them. Alloxan is widely used to induce insulin-dependent diabetes in experimental animals. Alloxan increases the generation of reactive oxygen species as a result of metabolic reactions in the body, along with a massive increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.MethodsUsing a universal method, a superoxide radical (О2−)-thermostable associate between NADPH-containing lipoprotein (NLP) and NADPH oxidase (Nox)- NLP-Nox was isolated and purified from the small intestine (SI) of control (C) and alloxan-induced diabetic (AD) albino rats.ResultsIn comparison to the C indices, in AD in the SI, an increase in the specific content of NLP-Nox associate and a decrease in the stationary concentration of produced О2−in liquid phase (in solution) and gas phase (during blowing by oxygen of the NLP-Nox solution) were observed. The NLP-Nox of SI associate in C and AD rats produced О2−by an immediate mechanism, using NLP as a substrate. The phenomenon of the hiding of the optical absorption maxima of the Nox in oxidized states at pH10,5 was observed in the composition of these SI associates of the C and AD rat groups. The characteristic absorption maxima of the «hidden» Nox were observed under these conditions after reduction by potassium dithionite.ConclusionThus, at AD, the decrease in the stationary concentration of produced О2−in the solution and gas phase was compensated for by an increase in the specific amount of associate. In addition, the decrease in the stationary concentration of produced О2−by NLP-Nox associates at AD can be linked to a decrease in the level of NADPH in NLP-Nox composition. This could be used as a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis.
Perceptions of dental health professionals (DHPs) on job satisfaction in Fiji: a qualitative study
Authors: Kumar Samantha , Mohammadnezhad Masoud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Reviewing job satisfaction is crucial as it has an impact on a person’s physical and mental wellbeing, as well as leading to a better organizational commitment of employees that enhances the organizations succession and progress as well as better staff retention. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of job satisfaction amongst Dental Health Professionals (DHPs) in Fiji and associated factors.Methods:This study used a phenomenological qualitative method approach commencing from August to November, 2021. The target group for this study were the DHPs who provide prosthetic services. This study was conducted among DHPs from 4 purposively selected clinics in Fiji. A semi- structured open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to transcribe and analyze the audio qualitative data collected from the interviews.Results:Twenty-nine DHPs took part in the in-depth interview and the responses were grouped into three themes. The findings from the study indicate that DHPs are most satisfied with their teamwork and the relationship they have with their colleagues and co-workers, followed by the nature of the work and the supervision they received. The participants indicated that they were less satisfied with professional development opportunities and least satisfied with their pay and organizational support they receive.Conclusion:The results of this study have identified gaps and areas for improvement of job satisfaction for DHPs who provide prosthetic services in Fiji such as need for more career and professional development pathways, improved infrastructure to support prosthetic service delivery in Fiji and improve remuneration for DHPs. Understanding the factors that affect satisfaction levels and being able to act accordingly are likely to lead to positive outcomes both for DHPs and their organization.
Development of gold Immunochromatographic assay strip based on specific polyclonal antibodies against capsid protein for rapid detection of porcine circovirus 2 in Zhejiang province, China
Authors: Ding Haojie , Shen Yu , Gao Yafan , Wu Songrui , Xie ChengZuo , Sun Hao , Zhang Hongli , Sun Hongchao , Shan Ying , Ding Jianzu , Zheng Bin , Lu Shaohong , Zhuo Xunhui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe existing detection methods for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) specific antibodies in serum cannot determine the infection status, thus it is necessary to establish a method for detecting PCV2 antigen. The capsid protein (CAP) of PCV2, as a major structural protein that plays a significant role in viral replication and in inducing host’s immune response, is an ideal target antigen to monitor PCV2 infection. Therefore, a gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for rapid detection of PCV2 antigen based on the polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) against PCV2-CAP will be developed.ResultsThe truncated CAP protein (dCAP) was used to immunize rabbits to generate anti-serum. After preliminary purification by caprylic acid/ammonium sulfate precipitation (CAAS), specific PAbs were purified by affinity chromatography column coupled with dCAP and its titer was about two-fold higher than preliminary purified PAbs. Colloidal gold-PAbs conjugate was synthesized under the optimum conditions. The specific anti-dCAP PAbs and goat anti-rabbit antibody (GAR) were then sprayed onto nitrocellulose (NC) membrane as a test line (TL) and a control line (CL), respectively. The visual limit detection (vLOD) of the GICA strips was 5 ng/mL. Specificity assay indicated that the GICA strips had specifically detected PCV2 and was not reactive for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or classic swine fever virus (CSFV). A total of 36 porcine serum samples were detected by this GICA and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit, 9 positive samples were found by the developed strip with the rate of 25.0% comparing with 11 positive samples detected by the commercially ELISA Kit which positive rate was 30.5%, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the relative sensitivity and specificity of this GICA strip were 72.7 and 96.0%, respectively, with an area of 87.2%.ConclusionsThis study established an efficient detection method with high sensitivity and specificity for the clinical diagnosis of PCV2 antigen, that will facilitate a rapid and convenient way to evaluate the infection status of vaccinated pigs.
Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of exosomes as drug carrier for cancer therapy
Authors: Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Faraj Goran Sedeeq Hama , Rasul Mohammad Fatih , Hidayat Hazha Jamal , Salihi Abbas , Baniahmad Aria , Taheri Mohammad , Ghafouri-Frad Soudeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExosomes are naturally occurring nanosized particles that aid intercellular communication by transmitting biological information between cells. Exosomes have therapeutic efficacy that can transfer their contents between cells as natural carriers. In addition, the exosomal contents delivered to the recipient pathological cells significantly inhibit cancer progression. However, exosome-based tumor treatments are inadequately precise or successful, and various challenges should be adequately overcome. Here, we discuss the significant challenges that exosomes face as drug carriers used for therapeutic targets and strategies for overcoming these challenges in order to promote this new incoming drug carrier further and improve future clinical outcomes. We also present techniques for overcoming these challenges.
Targeting Endocytosis and Cell Communications in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Qian , Shi Xiang , Jiang Meixi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe existence of multiple endocytic pathways is well known, and their exact biological effects in tumors have been intensively investigated. Endocytosis can affect the connection between tumor cells and determine the fate of tumor cells. Many relationships between endocytosis and tumor cells have been elucidated, but the mechanism of endocytosis between different types of cells in tumors needs to be explored in greater depth. Endocytic receptors sense the environment and are induced by specific ligands to trigger communication between tumor and immune cells. Crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment can occur through direct contact between cell adhesion molecules or indirectly through exosomes. So a better understanding of the endocytic pathways that control cell adhesion molecules and function is expected to lead to new candidates for cancer treatment. In additional, tumor-derived exosomes may changes immune cell function, which may be a key role for tumors to evade immune detection and response. The overall understanding of exosomes through endocytosis is also expected to bring new candidates for therapeutic regulation of tumor immune microenvironment. In this case, endocytic pathways coordinate cell adhesion molecules and exosomes and can be used as targets in the tumor immune microenvironment for cancer treatment.
The WID-CIN test identifies women with, and at risk of, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Barrett James E. , Sundström Karin , Jones Allison , Evans Iona , Wang Jiangrong , Herzog Chiara , Dillner Joakim , Widschwendter Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCervical screening is transitioning from primary cytology to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. HPV testing is highly sensitive but there is currently no high-specificity triage method for colposcopy referral to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or above (CIN3+) in women positive for high-risk (hr) HPV subtypes. An objective, automatable test that could accurately perform triage, independently of sample heterogeneity and age, is urgently required.MethodsWe analyzed DNA methylation at ~850,000 CpG sites across the genome in a total of 1254 cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples from cases of screen-detected histologically verified CIN1-3+ (98% hrHPV-positive) and population-based control women free from any cervical disease (100% hrHPV-positive). Samples were provided by a state-of-the-art population-based cohort biobank and consisted of (i) a discovery set of 170 CIN3+ cases and 202 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; (ii) a diagnostic validation set of 87 CIN3+, 90 CIN2, 166 CIN1, and 111 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; and (iii) a predictive validation set of 428 cytology-negative samples (418 hrHPV-positive) of which 210 were diagnosed with CIN3+ in the upcoming 1–4 years and 218 remained disease-free.ResultsWe developed the WID-CIN (Women’s cancer risk IDentification-Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) test, a DNA methylation signature consisting of 5000 CpG sites. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) in the independent diagnostic validation set was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.96). At 75% specificity (≤CIN1), the overall sensitivity to detect CIN3+ is 89.7% (83.3–96.1) in all and 92.7% (85.9–99.6) and 65.6% (49.2–82.1) in women aged ≥30 and <30. In hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative samples in the predictive validation set, the WID-CIN detected 54.8% (48.0–61.5) cases developing 1–4 years after sample donation in all ages or 56.9% (47.6–66.2) and 53.5% (43.7–63.2) in ≥30 and <30-year-old women, at a specificity of 75%.ConclusionsThe WID-CIN test identifies the vast majority of hrHPV-positive women with current CIN3+ lesions. In the absence of cytologic abnormalities, a positive WID-CIN test result is likely to indicate a significantly increased risk of developing CIN3+ in the near future.
Randomized Trial of Olaparib With or Without Cediranib for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The Results From National Cancer Institute 9984
Authors: Kim Joseph W. , McKay Rana R. , Radke Marc R. , Zhao Shilin , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Davis Nancy B. , Monk Paul , Appleman Leonard J. , Lara Primo N. , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Zhang Jingsong , Paul Asit K. , Bubley Glenn , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Unlu Serhan , Huang Ying , Loda Massimo , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Glazer Peter M. , LoRusso Patricia M. , Ivy S. Percy , Shyr Yu , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Petrylak Daniel P. 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE Cediranib, a pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, suppresses expression of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and increases sensitivity to poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in preclinical models. We investigated whether cediranib combined with olaparib improves the clinical outcomes of patients with prostate cancer. METHODS Patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were randomly assigned 1:1 to arm A: cediranib 30 mg once daily plus olaparib 200 mg twice daily or arm B: olaparib 300 mg twice daily alone. The primary end point was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) in the intention-to-treat patients. The secondary end points were rPFS in patients with HRR-deficient and HRR-proficient mCRPC. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat set of 90 patients, median rPFS was 8.5 (95% CI, 5.4 to 12.0) and 4.0 (95% CI, 3.2 to 8.5) months in arms A and B, respectively. Cediranib/olaparib significantly improved rPFS versus olaparib alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.617; 95% CI, 0.392 to 0.969; P = .0359). Descriptive analyses showed a median rPFS of 10.6 (95% CI, 5.9 to not assessed [NA]) and 3.8 (95% CI, 2.33 to NA) months (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.272 to 1.504) among patients with HRR-deficient mCRPC, and 13.8 (95% CI, 3.3 to NA) and 11.3 (95% CI, 3.8 to NA) months (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.321 to 2.988) among patients with BRCA2-mutated mCRPC in arms A and B, respectively. The incidence of grades 3-4 adverse events was 61% and 18% in arms A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION Cediranib combined with olaparib improved rPFS compared with olaparib alone in men with mCRPC. This combination was associated with an increased incidence of grades 3-4 adverse events. BRCA2-mutated subgroups treated with olaparib with or without cediranib were associated with a numerically longer median rPFS.
A Technique for Metallic Waste Characterization and Segregation in Management Routes
Authors: Mavrikis Dimitrios , Markopoulos Angelos , Dalla Elena , Ioannidou Alexandra , Savidou Anastasia 
Published: October 2022

Adequate radiological characterization is important for optimization of metallic waste management. For decommissioning planning, the objective is to obtain a radiological understanding of the involved installation. The characterization at this stage could be carried out by means of: 1) neutron activation calculations based on reactor design and neutron flux; 2) dose rate measurements; 3) in-situ gamma spectrometry; 4) sampling for determination of the scaling factors in activated and contaminated components. During dismantling, in-situ characterization is carried out to classify and package the generated waste. Then, the packages are monitored for assessment of activity and determination of the management route. The selection of cutting and decontamination techniques should be based on accurate determination of the radionuclides inside the material and/ or on the surface contamination. . It is important to decide in which cases the decontamination will be efficient as well as to select the appropriate decontamination techniques based on whether the waste is slightly activated or contaminated or both. Α Semi-empirical technique for optimization of determination of contamination and activation of components and metallic waste is under development based on combination of gamma spectrometry measurements and MCNPX Monte Carlo simulations. Firstly, the technique aims at reduction of the uncertainties related to the density and activity distribution. The specific activities inside and on the surface of the materials could be determined by using the measurement results of the proposed non-destructive technique in combination with the use of the scaling factors for activation and/ or contamination.
Radiation exposure of microorganisms living in radioactive mineral springs
Authors: Kolovi Sofia 
Published: October 2022

The TIRAMISU collaboration gathers expertise from biologists, physicists, radiochemists and geologists within the Zone-Atelier Territoires Uranifères (ZATU) in France to study the response of microorganisms living in naturally radioactive mineral springs. Mineral springs are isolated ecosystems, extremely stable over geological time scales, which display different physicochemical and radiological parameters compared to their surroundings. Water and sediment samples collected in 27 mineral springs of the volcanic Auvergne region (Massif Central, France) have been analyzed for their microbial biodiversity and radionuclide content. Among the microorganisms present, diatoms (a microalgae species), widely used as environmental bioindicators of water quality, have shown to display an exceptional abundance of teratogenic forms in the most radioactive springs studied (radon activity up to 3700 Bq/L). The current work presents a first assessment of the dose received by the diatoms inhabiting naturally radioactive mineral springs. The radiological risk for microorganisms living in freshwater environments was estimated using the ERICA tool. Most of the sampled mineral springs were highly above the risk threshold of 10 mGy/h due to the large concentrations of radium in the sediments (up to 50 Bq/g). The complete radiological data on water and sediments are used as inputs to Monte Carlo simulations at micro- (GATE) and nano- (Geant4-DNA) scale in order to assess the direct and indirect damages on the diatom DNA.