bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The faecal metabolome of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) varies in response to seasonal dietary changes
Authors: Mallott Elizabeth K. , Skovmand Lotte H. , Garber Paul A. , Amato Katherine R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMammals rely on the metabolic functions of their gut microbiota to meet their energetic needs and digest potentially toxic components in their diet. The gut microbiome plastically responds to shifts in host diet and may buffer variation in energy and nutrient availability. However, it is unclear how seasonal differences in the gut microbiome influence microbial metabolism and nutrients available to hosts. In this study, we examine seasonal variation in the gut metabolome of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) to determine whether those variations are associated with differences in gut microbiome composition and nutrient intake, and if plasticity in the gut microbiome buffers shortfalls in energy or nutrient intake. We integrated data on the metabolome of 81 faecal samples from 16 individuals collected across three distinct seasons with gut microbiome, nutrient intake and plant metabolite consumption data from the same period. Faecal metabolite profiles differed significantly between seasons and were strongly associated with changes in plant metabolite consumption. However, microbial community composition and faecal metabolite composition were not strongly associated. Additionally, the connectivity and stability of faecal metabolome networks varied seasonally, with network connectivity being highest during the dry, fruit‐dominated season when black howler monkey diets were calorically and nutritionally constrained. Network stability was highest during the dry, leaf‐dominated season when most nutrients were being consumed at intermediate rates. Our results suggest that the gut microbiome buffers seasonal variation in dietary intake, and that the buffering effect is most limited when host diet becomes calorically or nutritionally restricted.
Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals core and variable tick salivary proteins at the tick‐vertebrate host interface
Authors: Bensaoud Chaima , Tenzer Stefan , Poplawski Alicia , Medina José María , Jmel Mohamed Amine , Voet Hanne , Mekki Imen , Aparicio‐Puerta Ernesto , Cuveele Brent , Distler Ute , Marini Federico , Hackenberg Michael , Kotsyfakis Michalis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFew studies have examined tick proteomes, how they adapt to their environment, and their roles in the parasite–host interactions that drive tick infestation and pathogen transmission. Here we used a proteomics approach to screen for biologically and immunologically relevant proteins acting at the tick‐host interface during tick feeding and, as proof of principle, measured host antibody responses to some of the discovered candidates. We used a label‐free quantitative proteomic workflow to study salivary proteomes of (i) wild Ixodes ricinus ticks fed on different hosts, (ii) wild or laboratory ticks fed on the same host, and (iii) adult ticks cofed with nymphs. Our results reveal high and stable expression of several protease inhibitors and other tick‐specific proteins under different feeding conditions. Most pathways functionally enriched in sialoproteomes were related to proteolysis, endopeptidase, and amine‐binding activities. The generated catalogue of tick salivary proteins enabled the selection of six candidate secreted immunogenic peptides for rabbit immunizations, three of which induced strong and durable antigen‐specific antibody responses in rabbits. Furthermore, rabbits exposed to ticks mounted immune responses against the candidate peptides/proteins, confirming their expression at the tick‐vertebrate interface. Our approach provides insights into tick adaptation strategies to different feeding conditions and promising candidates for developing antitick vaccines or markers of exposure of vertebrate hosts to tick bites.
Drug repurposing against Candida auris: A systematic review
Authors: Izadi Alireza , Aghaei Gharehbolagh Sanaz , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Talebi Meysam , Darmiani Kimia , Zarrinnia Ali , Zarei Fateme , Peymaeei Fatemeh , Khojasteh Shaghayegh , Borman Andrew M. , Mahmoudi Shahram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCandida auris is a drug‐resistant pathogen with several reported outbreaks. The treatment of C. auris infections is difficult due to a limited number of available antifungal drugs. Thus, finding alternative drugs through repurposing approaches would be clinically beneficial. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as Google Scholar up to 1 November 2021, was conducted to find all articles with data regarding the antifungal activity of non‐antifungal drugs against the planktonic and biofilm forms of C. auris. During database and hand searching, 290 articles were found, of which 13 were eligible for inclusion in the present study. Planktonic and biofilm forms have been studied in 11 and 8 articles (with both forms examined in 6 articles), respectively. In total, 22 and 12 drugs/compounds have been reported as repositionable against planktonic and biofilm forms of C. auris, respectively. Antiparasitic drugs, with the dominance of miltefosine, were the most common repurposed drugs against both forms of C. auris, followed by anticancer drugs (e.g. alexidine dihydrochloride) against the planktonic form and anti‐inflammatory drugs (e.g. ebselen) against the biofilm form of the fungus. A collection of other drugs from various classes have also shown promising activity against C. auris. Following drug repurposing approaches, a number of drugs/compounds from various classes have been found to inhibit the planktonic and biofilm forms of C. auris. Accordingly, drug repurposing is an encouraging approach for discovering potential alternatives to conventional antifungal agents to combat drug resistance in fungi, especially C. auris.
How is China's trade imbalance overstated? An analysis based on trade in value‐added
Authors: Wen Dongwei , Xian Guoming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper uses the 2015 version of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and World Trade Organization (WTO)'s Trade in Value‐added (TiVA) database to estimate China's value‐added exports to gross exports ratio (VAER), and calculate and compare China's bilateral gross trade imbalances and value‐added trade imbalances with its major trading partners at the aggregate and sector level, respectively. During the period from 1995 to 2011, China's value‐added exports were around 35% less than gross exports at the aggregate level, and around 60% and 80% for manufacturing sectors and tech‐intensive sectors, respectively. Compared with those based on conventional gross trade statistics, our estimates based on trade in value‐added cut China's overall trade imbalances substantially. China's value‐added trade surplus for manufacturing sectors, especially for the so‐called tech‐intensive sectors, was around 45% and over 85% less than gross trade surplus, respectively. China–U.S. value‐added trade surplus was 28–45% less than gross trade surplus during the period from 1995 to 2011. On the contrary, China's value‐added trade deficit with East and Southeast Asian economies is 71–99% and 59–93% less than gross trade deficit during the period from 2005 to 2011, respectively.
Long‐term monitoring of antibody titers against microorganisms in human intravenous immunoglobulin lots derived from healthy donors in Japan manufactured during 1998–2018
Authors: Yunoki Mikihiro , Nakagawa Risa , Onodera Hiroyuki , Tanaka Jun , Haino Katsuyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies evaluating long‐term trends of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) titers against microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have not been conducted. We herein evaluated long‐term trends of titers of IVIG lots manufactured from 1998 to 2018, derived from donors in Japan, against microorganisms affecting patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases.Study Design and MethodsTiters against four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three strains of Staphylococcus aureus, four strains of Haemophilus influenzae, two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Bordetella pertussis, Serratia marcescens, and Candida albicans, were tested immediately after lot release in a commercial clinical testing facility in 1998. The long‐term (whole period) and short‐term (first and second half of the period) trends of titers were evaluated using regression analysis.ResultsThe IVIG lots indicated meaningful titers against all microorganisms that were stable in the short term. The long‐term trends could be categorized into stable, slightly decreasing, or decreasing trends, except for the metallo‐β‐lactamase‐producing K. pneumoniae, which indicated a slight increase. Notably, three strains of P. aeruginosa showed remarkable decreasing long‐term trends in the titer.DiscussionSome titers indicate decreasing trends against microorganisms over the long‐term, however, is not clear whether the phenomenon diminishes the performance of IVIG. The titers of the IVIG lots could provide helpful information to optimize replacement therapy, such as considering trough values based on the titers in the patient plasma. Therefore, continuous monitoring of IVIG titers against microorganisms is important to understand titer fluctuation and epidemiological background.
Two dynamical generated $$a_0$$ resonances by interactions between vector mesons
Authors: Wang Zheng-Li , Zou Bing-Song 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study dynamically generated $$a_0$$

a
0

resonances by interactions between vector mesons including their coupling to channels of pseudoscalar mesons within coupled-channel approach. Both vector and pseudoscalar mesons are considered as t-channel exchanged mesons for calculating interactions between vector mesons. Analogous to $$a_0(980)$$

a
0

(
980
)

as a $$K{\bar{K}}-\pi \eta $$

K

K

¯

-
π
η

dynamically generated state, there is an $$a_0(1710)$$

a
0

(
1710
)

as a coupled channel dynamically generated state near $$K^*\bar{K}^*$$

K
∗

K

¯

∗

threshold. The channels involved are $$\rho \phi ,K^*\bar{K}^*,\rho \omega , K\bar{K},\pi \eta $$

ρ
ϕ
,

K
∗

K

¯

∗

,
ρ
ω
,
K

K

¯

,
π
η

. This $$a_0$$

a
0

mainly decays to $$\rho \omega $$

ρ
ω

, $$\pi \eta $$

π
η

and $$K\bar{K}$$

K

K

¯

. This pole is much tied to the coupled channel effect. If we turn off either $$\rho \phi $$

ρ
ϕ

or $$K^*\bar{K}^*$$

K
∗

K

¯

∗

, the pole disappears. In addition, it is found that $$a_0(1450)$$

a
0

(
1450
)

may also be dynamically generated by $$\rho \omega $$

ρ
ω

interactions due to $$\pi $$
π
and $$\eta $$
η
exchange.
Dynamics of the social construction of knowledge: an empirical study of Zhihu in China
Authors: Zhang Lun , Li Yong-Ning , Peng Tai-Quan , Wu Ye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examined how the knowledge market promotes knowledge construction on question-and-answer (Q&A) websites. Data were collected from Zhihu, one of the largest Q&A sites in China. Hierarchical linear modeling was employed to estimate the dynamics of information accumulation, that is, the provision of informative content as factual construction. By employing information accumulation as the objective measure of knowledge construction, we determined that online knowledge construction was facilitated by a competitive marketplace of ideas. In addition, participation, temporal, and discourse features affected the dynamics of information accumulation. In specific, active users contributed significantly less to information accumulation than did ordinary users. Information accumulation shows a naturally decaying process represented as a function of answer order. The time interval between answers at the two preceding time points reduced the informativeness of answers at the subsequent time point. Answers with a higher readability score reduced the informativeness of subsequent answers. The results indicate that knowledge construction on Q&A sites unfolds as a process of mass collaboration among users.
Consensus formation on heterogeneous networks
Authors: Fadda Edoardo , He Junda , Tessone Claudio J. , Barucca Paolo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReaching consensus—a macroscopic state where the system constituents display the same microscopic state—is a necessity in multiple complex socio-technical and techno-economic systems: their correct functioning ultimately depends on it. In many distributed systems—of which blockchain-based applications are a paradigmatic example—the process of consensus formation is crucial not only for the emergence of a leading majority but for the very functioning of the system. We build a minimalistic network model of consensus formation on blockchain systems for quantifying how central nodes—with respect to their average distance to others—can leverage on their position to obtain competitive advantage in the consensus process. We show that in a wide range of network topologies, the probability of forming a majority can significantly increase depending on the centrality of nodes that initiate the spreading. Further, we study the role that network topology plays on the consensus process: we show that central nodes in scale-free networks can win consensus in the network even if they broadcast states significantly later than peripheral ones.
Bianchi type-IX model in the presence of anisotropic dark energy and massive scalar meson field in Lyra geometry
Authors: Aditya Y. , Divya Prasanthi U. Y. , Reddy D. R. K. 
Published: June 2022

Modern cosmology establishes the scenario of accelerated expansion of the universe and the reason for this is supposed to be the exotic negative pressure named dark energy. In light of this, investigation of dark energy models to explain the above scenario assumes paramount importance. Here we obtain dark energy models in the presence of massive scalar meson fields in the Lyra manifold [Math. Z. 54, 52 (1951)] corresponding to Bianchi type-IX space–time. We obtain deterministic models solving field equations using some relevant physical conditions. Dynamical properties of the model are presented and their relevance to the modern observational cosmology is discussed.
DRCP: Dimensionality Reduced Chess Pattern for Person Independent Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Kartheek Mukku Nisanth , Prasad Munaga V. N. K. , Bhukya Raju 
Published: June 2022

Automatic Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has become essential today as it has many applications in real time such as animation, driver mood detection, lie detection, and clinical psychology. The effectiveness of FER systems mainly depends on the extracted features. For extracting distinctive features with low dimensions, a new local texture-based image descriptor named Dimensionality Reduced Chess Pattern (DRCP) is proposed for recognizing facial expressions in a person independent scenario. DRCP, an improvement over Chess Pattern (CP), is mainly proposed for effectively reducing the feature vector length of CP. For feature extraction, DRCP also considers the movements of chessmen in a [Formula: see text] neighborhood, as like CP. As a part of feature extraction through DRCP, apart from the center pixel, the remaining 24 pixels are arranged into four groups in such a manner that each group contains the pixels corresponding to three chessmen. From each group, one feature is extracted and thus corresponding to four groups, four features are extracted in a [Formula: see text] neighborhood. The extracted features are fed into multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) for expression recognition. The experiments are performed on five “in the lab” datasets (MUG, TFEID, JAFFE, CK[Formula: see text] and KDEF) and on two “in the wild” datasets (RAF and SFEW) in person independent setup to simulate a real world scenario.
Volterra equations driven by rough signals 2: Higher-order expansions
Authors: Harang Fabian A. , Tindel Samy , Wang Xiaohua 
Published: June 2022

We extend the recently developed rough path theory for Volterra equations from [F. Harang and S. Tindel, Volterra equations driven by rough signals, Stoch. Process. Appl. 142 (2021) 34–78] to the case of more rough noise and/or more singular Volterra kernels. It was already observed in [F. Harang and S. Tindel, Volterra equations driven by rough signals, Stoch. Process. Appl. 142 (2021) 34–78] that the Volterra rough path introduced there did not satisfy any geometric relation, similar to that observed in classical rough path theory. Thus, an extension of the theory to more irregular driving signals requires a deeper understanding of the specific algebraic structure arising in the Volterra rough path. Inspired by the elements of “non-geometric rough paths” developed in [M. Gubinelli, Ramification of rough paths, J. Differential Equations 248 (2010) 693–721; M. Hairer and D. Kelly, Geometric versus non-geometric rough path, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré-Probab. Stat. 51 (2015) 207–251], we provide a simple description of the Volterra rough path and the controlled Volterra process in terms of rooted trees, and with this description we are able to solve rough Volterra equations driven by more irregular signals.
THE INFLUENCE OF FRACTIONAL ORDER AND MAGNETIC FIELD ON ELECTRO HYDRODYNAMIC FLOW OF JEFFREY FLUID ALONG WITH MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES THROUGH ARTERIAL SEGMENT
Authors: ADAMU G. T. , ABDULHAMEED M. , YAKUBU D. G. , ADAMU M. Y. 
Published: June 2022

The study reports the influence of Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative and magnetic field on blood flow as an electrically conducting non-Newtonian fluid along with magnetic nanoparticles through circular cylindrical arterial segment, by assuming blood as Jeffrey fluid. The main structure of the governing fractional nonlinear partial differential equations was obtained from non-Newtonian fluid model in which convective derivative is considered instead of the time derivative which is capable of describing the phenomena of relaxation time and retardation time. The exact solutions of the governing fractional partial differential equations were obtained by the virtue of Laplace and Hankel transforms. Numerical simulations have been performed to analyze the behavior of the Jeffrey fluid flow using Mathcad software and the results are presented graphically for an explicit and detail discussion. We noticed from the graphical representation of results that the fractional derivative, particle concentration, electro-kinetic width, Jeffrey number and the applied magnetic field have profound influence on the magnitude of blood velocity along with magnetic nanoparticles. The effect of each of the influential parameters tremendously decelerates the fluid flow and thereby showing appreciable variation in the distribution of axial and radial velocities. Practically, increasing the applied magnetic field strength and the value of the Jeffrey number on the motion of fluid flow together with magnetic nanoparticles, vehemently decreases the velocities of blood along with magnetic nanoparticles, which helps to have effective control over the fluid networks. From the study, we conclude that the fractional model, Jeffrey number and the application of the external magnetic field on the fluid flow have extensive applications in the clinical and the medical sciences.
64-Slice Spiral Computerized Tomography under Algebraic Reconstruction Algorithm in the Surgical Treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Complicated with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yang Ke , Chen Zheng , Xu Dayong , Peng Fang 
Published: June 2022

In order to deeply analyze the application of CT images based on artificial intelligence algorithm in clinical treatment of AIDS patients with gastric cancer, and to provide reference for intervention of AIDS patients with gastric cancer, a total of 100 AIDS patients with gastric cancer were included as the research objects. The patients with CD4+ T lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/µL were in the control group (50 cases), whereas those higher than 200 cells/µL were in the experimental group (50 cases). All the patients underwent 64-slice spiral CT scanning. An improved algebraic reconstruction technology (ART) under L0 algorithmic approach (L0-ART) was proposed, and compared with the total variation (TV), filtered back projection (FBP), and weighted total variation (WTV) models. The standard deviation (STD) and average processing time of the L0-ART algorithm were significantly lower than those of the TV, FBP, and WTV algorithms (

P

< 0.05). The operation time of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group; the intraoperative blood loss, the diameter of the surgical wound, the time of first farting, the length of hospital stays, and the incidence of adverse reactions were all greatly lower than those of the control group (

P

< 0.05). Postoperatively, the total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the abdominal area were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (

P

< 0.05). In conclusion, the improved L0-ART algorithm proposed in this study had an excellent processing effect on CT images with a clinical promotion value. Patients with CD4+ T lymphocytes over 200 cells/µL had better surgical outcomes and prognosis than those with less than 200 cells/µL.
Electric vehicle charging using roof top photovoltaic controlled with new hybrid optimization technique
Authors: Selvaraj Dhamodharan , Rangasamy Dhanalakshmi 
Published: June 2022

In this decade, <span>electric car technology has advanced at a breakneck pace. People are also using electric vehicles more since they are more inexpensive. Electric car charging is one of the issues that most sectors confront, as there are many cities in India where charging stations have yet to be established. In this paper, an innovative approach for charging a vehicle while on the move is presented, utilising the solar panels on the vehicle's roof. The panels collect energy from the sun and use it to charge the vehicle's battery. Even when the vehicle is driving down the road, this happens. Partial shading is a concern for solar panels when travelling on the road. In this paper, a new hybrid optimization technique combining grey wolf optimization and crow search algorithms (GWO-CSA) is employed to compare an electric car model to the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach. The MATLAB simulation results demonstrate the vehicle's performance and tracking efficiency.</span>
Unbalance compensation topology for railway application based on pulse width modulation alternating current chopper
Authors: Mir Ismail , Benslimane Anas , Bouchnaif Jamal , Lahfaoui Badreddine 
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses the study <span>on the design of a new topology of unbalance compensators adopted by railway operators in the substations of high-speed railway lines, this compensation structure based on the concept of alternating current (AC)-chopper controlled impedance (CCI). The present document describes the CCI compensator in terms of the components constituting this structure, the installation of CCI to limit the unbalance factor according to the limit imposed by the moroccan energy provider (ONEE), and the calculation of the power losses generated by the CCI and the comparison with other topologies such as voltage source inverter STATCOM (VSI) and current source inverter STATCOM (CSI). The modelization of the compensator and the results were established using MATLAB/Simulink software by exploiting real data provided by the moroccan railway office (ONCF).</span>