bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newt Hoxa13 has an essential and predominant role in digit formation during development and regeneration
Authors: Takeuchi Takashi , Matsubara Haruka , Minamitani Fumina , Satoh Yukio , Tozawa Sayo , Moriyama Tomoki , Maruyama Kohei , Suzuki Ken-ichi T. , Shigenobu Shuji , Inoue Takeshi , Tamura Koji , Agata Kiyokazu , Hayashi Toshinori 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The 5′Hox genes play crucial roles in limb development and specify regions in the proximal-distal axis of limbs. However, there is no direct genetic evidence that Hox genes are essential for limb development in non-mammalian tetrapods or for limb regeneration. Here, we produced single to quadruple Hox13 paralog mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in newts (Pleurodeles waltl), which have strong regenerative capacities, and also produced germline mutants. We show that Hox13 genes are essential for digit formation in development, as in mice. In addition, Hoxa13 has a predominant role in digit formation, unlike in mice. The predominance is probably due to the restricted expression pattern of Hoxd13 in limb buds and the strong dependence of Hoxd13 expression on Hoxa13. Finally, we demonstrate that Hox13 genes are also necessary for digit formation in limb regeneration. Our findings reveal that the general function of Hox13 genes is conserved between limb development and regeneration, and across taxa. The predominance of Hoxa13 function both in newt limbs and fish fins, but not in mouse limbs, suggests a potential contribution of Hoxa13 function in fin-to-limb transition.
Recruitment of Peroxin 14 to lipid droplets affects lipid storage in Drosophila
Authors: Ueda Kazuki , Anderson-Baron Matthew N. , Haskins Julie , Hughes Sarah C. , Simmonds Andrew J. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Both peroxisomes and lipid droplets regulate cellular lipid homeostasis. Direct inter-organellar contacts as well as novel roles for proteins associated with peroxisome or lipid droplets occur when cells are induced to liberate fatty acids from lipid droplets. We have shown a non-canonical role for a subset of peroxisome-assembly [Peroxin (Pex)] proteins in this process in Drosophila. Transmembrane proteins Pex3, Pex13 and Pex14 were observed to surround newly formed lipid droplets. Trafficking of Pex14 to lipid droplets was enhanced by loss of Pex19, which directs insertion of transmembrane proteins like Pex14 into the peroxisome bilayer membrane. Accumulation of Pex14 around lipid droplets did not induce changes to peroxisome size or number, and co-recruitment of the remaining Peroxins was not needed to assemble peroxisomes observed. Increasing the relative level of Pex14 surrounding lipid droplets affected the recruitment of Hsl lipase. Fat body-specific reduction of these lipid droplet-associated Peroxins caused a unique effect on larval fat body development and affected their survival on lipid-enriched or minimal diets. This revealed a heretofore unknown function for a subset of Pex proteins in regulating lipid storage.
This article has an associated First Person interview with Kazuki Ueda, joint first author of the paper.
Cut-off points for low skeletal muscle mass in older adults: Colombia versus other populations
Authors: Pineda-Zuluaga Maria Camila , González-Correa Clara Helena , Sepulveda-Gallego Luz Elena 
Published: March 2022

Background: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in the Elderly defined sarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome with a diagnostic criteria of low skeletal muscle mass (LMM). Various sarcopenia consensuses recommend as cut-offs for LMM, the use of below 2 SDs from the mean skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of a young reference group. Given the contrast between reported cut-offs, the objective of this study was to establish cut-offs for LMM from older adults in Manizales and compare them with those published in the literature. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional analytical study in 237 healthy elderly patients from the city of Manizales, Colombia. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and body mass index were estimated. The SMI was estimated with the Xitron Technologies bioimpedance meter using the Janssen formula. For the comparison of SMI cut-offs, studies that evaluated this parameter with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were taken into account, in addition to being obtained from the −2 SD from the sex-specific mean of a young reference group. Results: The cut-off points for SMI were 8.0 kg/m2 for men and 6.1 kg/m2 for women. There was a statistically significant difference when evaluating LMM from the cut-offs of the present study and those reported in Spain, Turkey, and Finland. The cut-off points of SMI derived from this sample of Colombian men and women may be adequate for the diagnosis in the Colombian geriatric population. However, we did not find significant differences when comparing the cut-offs for SMI from a population of older adults and young adults from the same city. Conclusions: The cut-off points of SMI by BIA derived from a sample of Colombian men and women may be adequate for the diagnosis of LMM in the Colombian geriatric population or populations with similar characteristics to those of the sample evaluated here.
Interplay among positive and negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition, and functioning in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia: a network analysis
Authors: Charernboon Thammanard 
Published: March 2022

Background: Schizophrenia has a broad range of interrelated symptoms and impairment in functioning. The objective of the study was to explore the interplay between positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia using network analysis. Methods: Participants were 64 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. Psychopathologic, neurocognition, social cognition, and functional outcome were measured using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, Faces test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, and Personal Social Performance scale. Results: The network analysis suggested that functional outcome was the most central in the network followed by avolition and asociality. Functioning was directly connected to avolition, asociality, blunted affect, neurocognition and emotion recognition. The positive symptoms were the most remote and therefore the least important node. Conclusion: The high centrality of functioning suggests the need for improving of everyday life skills for patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, treatment of specific negative symptoms, neurocognition and emotion recognition could also enhance functional outcome.
Effectiveness of interventions to support the transition home after acute stroke: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: O'Callaghan Geraldine , Fahy Martin , Murphy Paul , Langhorne Peter , Galvin Rose , Horgan Frances 
Published: March 2022

Background Despite advances in the quality of acute stroke management, there are gaps in knowledge about effective support interventions to better manage the transition of care to home for patients with this complex condition. The goal of this systematic review is to explore the literature around support interventions available for patients as they navigate from acute hospital, rehabilitation or early supported discharge (ESD) services to independent living at home; and to establish if, in comparison with usual care or other comparative active interventions, support services offered to patients as they transition from acute hospital, inpatient rehabilitation/ESD to home, can achieve better patient and / or process outcomes. Protocol In June 2021, we will carry out, on electronic peer-reviewed databases, a comprehensive literature search based on a pre-defined search strategy, developed and conducted in collaboration with an Information Specialist. In an effort to identify all published trials we will perform citation tracking of included studies, check reference lists of relevant articles, review grey literature, and extend our search to google scholar. We will include randomised controlled trials (including cluster and quasi-randomisation) recruiting stroke patients transitioning to home, to receive either usual care or any support intervention designed to improve outcomes after stroke. The primary clinical outcome will be functional status. Two review authors will scrutinise trials, categorise them on their eligibility, and extract data. We will analyse the results for all trials and perform meta-analyses where possible. We will assess risk of bias for the included trials and use GRADE to assess the quality of the body of evidence. Patient and public involvement (PPI) engaged in the development of the research questions, and will participate in co-design of a strategy for dissemination of findings. Conclusions: The findings from this review will be used to identify knowledge gaps to direct future research.
Risk Guarantees for End-to-End Prediction and Optimization Processes
Authors: Ho-Nguyen Nam , Kılınç-Karzan Fatma 
Published: March 2022

Prediction methods are often employed to estimate parameters of optimization models. Although the goal in an end-to-end framework is to achieve good performance on the subsequent optimization model, a formal understanding of the ways in which prediction methods can affect optimization performance is notably lacking. This paper identifies conditions on prediction methods that can guarantee good optimization performance. We provide two types of results: asymptotic guarantees under a well-known Fisher consistency criterion and nonasymptotic performance bounds under a more stringent criterion. We use these results to analyze optimization performance for several existing prediction methods and show that in certain settings, methods tailored to the optimization problem can fail to guarantee good performance. Conversely, optimization-agnostic methods can sometimes, surprisingly, have good guarantees. In a computational study on portfolio optimization, fractional knapsack, and multiclass classification problems, we compare the optimization performance of several prediction methods. We demonstrate that lack of Fisher consistency of the prediction method can indeed have a detrimental effect on performance. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant 1454548]. Supplemental Material: Data and the e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4321 .
OS USOS DOS ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS: A PRAÇA E SUA DINÂMICA NA CIDADE ATUAL
Authors: Batista Ramony Pereira , Bortolo Carlos Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

Introdução: Os Espaços públicos bem projetados podem desempenhar importante papel tanto para a qualidade das cidades como para o bem-estar das pessoas. São muitos os benefícios que estes espaços podem trazer, como sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Ainda que tenham evoluído na forma e função ao longo da história, os espaços públicos foram sempre alvo de análises, pelo fato de serem destinados à inclusão de qualquer indivíduo, independentemente da idade, aspectos sociais, econômicos ou condições físicas. Uma das maiores preocupações das sociedades atuais é garantir aos cidadãos o que é seu por direito: a cidade. Diversas cidades já apresentam uma nova visão sobre essa questão. Rompendo a lógica de um planejamento prático moderno, buscam criar espaços de maior qualidade tanto para seus usuários, quanto para a aparência das cidades, mediante estratégias de desenho urbano e apropriação. Essa é uma realidade que evidencia a tentativa do retorno das tomadas de decisões envolvendo a escala do homem e suas vivências na cidade. Ademais, os espaços públicos são primeiro e simploriamente definidos como locais de encontro entre os diversos grupos que compõem a cena urbana. Os espaços urbanos são também construídos ao longo do tempo. Deste modo, a cidade atual é resultado cumulativo no tempo das outras cidades que existiram. Estes espaços, especialmente as praças, apresentam um mix de usos e apropriações; para os indivíduos são espaços para encontros, lazer, manifestações políticas e culturais, dentre elas a manifestação religiosa. Objetivo: Perante esse contexto, busca-se compreender os usos e apropriações da praça, como espaço público na dinâmica da cidade de Montes Claros (MG), e das manifestações culturais, especialmente no que tange a Igreja Católica presente na cidade em tela. Métodos: A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo utiliza-se como técnicas de cunho documental, a partir da consulta de dados em órgãos públicos e materiais bibliográficos científicos por meio de análise da caracterização de estudos, artigos acadêmicos, científicos, e posteriormente foram feitas visitas a campo que possibilitaram a relação teoria-empiria e registros iconográficos das praças em estudo da referida temática. Resultados: São relacionadas no artigo as principais formas de usos dos espaços públicos, sendo estes, as praças e sua dinâmica na cidade contemporânea, cidade esta, Montes Claros no Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, analisando as praças, um breve histórico, seus usos, as igrejas presentes nestes espaços, suas influências e distintas formas de seus usos. Conclusão: Em considerações finais, os espaços públicos: as praças (abordadas neste trabalho) são inseridas nessa lógica da construção capitalista, como foi demonstrado. As praças são apropriadas distintamente pelo Estado, pelo mercado e pelos indivíduos, para estes é espaço de encontros, diálogos e ritos, apresentando assim, suas diferentes e distintas formas de usos pelos mais variados agentes produtores do espaço público urbano da cidade em tela.
Proximal femoral replacement in non-neoplastic revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Syam Kevin , Unnikrishnan P. Nithin , Lokikere Naveen K. , Wilson-Theaker William , Gambhir Anil , Shah Nikhil , Porter Martyn 
Published: March 2022

Aims With increasing burden of revision hip arthroplasty (THA), one of the major challenges is the management of proximal femoral bone loss associated with previous multiple surgeries. Proximal femoral arthroplasty (PFA) has already been popularized for tumour surgeries. Our aim was to describe the outcome of using PFA in these demanding non-neoplastic cases. Methods A retrospective review of 25 patients who underwent PFA for non-neoplastic indications between January 2009 and December 2015 was undertaken. Their clinical and radiological outcome, complication rates, and survival were recorded. All patients had the Stanmore Implant – Modular Endo-prosthetic Tumour System (METS). Results At mean follow-up of 5.9 years, there were no periprosthetic fractures. Clearance of infection was achieved in 63.6% of cases. One hip was re-revised to pseudo arthroplasty for deep infection. Instability was noted in eight of the hips (32%), of which seven needed further surgery. Out of these eight hips with instability, five had preoperative infection. Deep infection was noted in five of the hips (20%), of which four were primarily revised for infection. One patient had aseptic loosening of the femoral component and awaits revision surgery. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship free of revision of any component for any reason was 72% (95% confidence interval (CI) 51.3% to 92.7%), and for revisions of only femoral component for any reason was 96% (95% CI 86.3% to 105.7%) at five years. Conclusion Dislocation and infection remain the major cause for failure, particularly in patients with pre-existing infection. The use of dual mobility cups, silver-coated implants, and less aggressive postoperative rehabilitation regimens would possibly aid in the reduction of complications. PFA performed in patients with periprosthetic fracture seem to fair better. This study supports the judicious use of PFA in non-oncological revision hip arthroplasties, and that they be performed by experienced revision arthroplasty surgeons. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):229–235.
Spatial variation and determinant of home delivery in Ethiopia: Spatial and mixed effect multilevel analysis based on the Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey 2019
Authors: Hailegebreal Samuel , Gilano Girma , Simegn Atsedu Endale , Seboka Binyam Tariku 
Published: March 2022

Background
Health facility delivery is vital in reducing maternal mortality however, the percentage of deliveries taking place in health facilities were remained below 50%. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess spatial variation and determinant factors of home delivery in Ethiopia.

Methods
We used cross-sectional survey data from Ethiopian Mini Demographics and health 2019. A total of 5,527 reproductive-age women were included in this study. ArcGIS 10.7 was applied to explore the spatial distribution of home delivery and Sat scan 9.6.1 version software was used for spatial cluster analysis. A mixed effect multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted for determinant factors due to the hierarchical nature of the data. Finally, an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence level was used to declare significant determinants of home delivery.

Result
According to EMDHS 2019, the spatial variation of home delivery was non-random across the country. Somali, Afar, SNNPR, and part of Amhara were hot spot areas, where some parts of Benishangul, central Oromia, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari were identified as cold spot areas. The odds of women who had primary, secondary and higher education was decreased by 50% (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.42–0.61), 72% (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.19–0.40) and 90% (AOR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.05–0.19) as compared to women no-education respectively. Mothers who had ANC visits were 70% (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.26–0.36) less likely to have a home birth as compared to women who had no ANC visit. The odds of having home birth among rural residents were 5.2 times (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.11–8.55) more likely higher compared to the counterpart.

Conclusion
The prevalence of home delivery in Ethiopia was still more than half percent. The spatial distribution was varied across the region. Maternal age, religion, wealth status, had ANC visit, birth order, region, and residence were significant factors with home delivery. Therefore, improving maternal educational status, interventional design in hotspot region, and inspire the mother to take antenatal care is essential to reduce the prevalence of home delivery.
Telehealth versus face-to-face visits: A comprehensive outpatient perspective-based cohort study of patients with kidney disease
Authors: Androga Lagu A. , Amundson Rachel H. , Hickson LaTonya J. , Thorsteinsdottir Bjoerg , Garovic Vesna D. , Manohar Sandhya , Viehman Jason K. , Zoghby Ziad , Norby Suzanne M. , Kattah Andrea G. , Albright Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Telenephrology has become an important health care delivery modality during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about patient perspectives on the quality of care provided via telenephrology compared to face-to-face visits. We aimed to use objective data to study patients’ perspectives on outpatient nephrology care received via telenephrology (phone and video) versus face-to-face visits.

Methods
We retrospectively studied adults who received care in the outpatient Nephrology & Hypertension division at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, from March to July 2020. We used a standardized survey methodology to evaluate patient satisfaction. The primary outcome was the percent of patients who responded with a score of good (4) or very good (5) on a 5-point Likert scale on survey questions that asked their perspectives on access to their nephrologist, relationship with care provider, their opinions on the telenephrology technology, and their overall assessment of the care received. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and chi-square tests were used as appropriate to compare telenephrology versus face-to-face visits.

Results
3,486 of the patient encounters were face-to-face, 808 phone and 317 video visits. 443 patients responded to satisfaction surveys, and 21% of these had telenephrology encounters. Established patients made up 79.6% of telenephrology visits and 60.9% of face-to-face visits. There was no significant difference in patient perceived access to health care, satisfaction with their care provider, or overall quality of care between patients cared for via telenephrology versus face-to-face. Patient satisfaction was also equally high.

Conclusions
Patient satisfaction was equally high amongst those patients seen face-to-face or via telenephrology.
Early adopters versus the majority: Characteristics and implications for academic development and institutional change
Authors: Dale Vicki Harcus Morgan , McEwan Michael , Bohan Jason 
Published: March 2022

The diffusion of innovation curve has become common parlance when considering the adoption of technology-enhanced learning in higher education. Innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards indicate the different rates of technology adoption. This study explored the views and experiences of staff at one research-led institution within one of four colleges, to determine whether there were differences between the characteristics and digital academic practices of teachers, based on their self-identification as one of the five types in a questionnaire. Subsequently, two focus groups allowed comparisons between early adopters and early majority.
The questionnaire found differences in terms of using a VLE to foster deep thinking through discussion, teachers’ digital practices and attributes, previous engagement with developmental TEL opportunities, perceived level of support from management, and perceived usefulness of CPD events. Focus groups revealed qualitative differences in terms of the amount of time participants invested in learning new technologies, sources of TEL support, preference for different types of academic development, and how they engaged with exemplars in their own or other disciplines.
In addition to recommendations for different types of academic development for different groups, the study highlighted the importance of early adopters in leading digital practice. Institutions need to recognise and support the unique contribution made by early adopters. They contribute to the resilience, agility and digital capabilities of an institution in responding to rapid changes, such as the Covid19 pandemic, in terms of supporting and leading other staff, and prompting the institution to expand its digital education infrastructure.
Influence of advanced footwear technology on sub-2 hour marathon and other top running performances
Authors: Arderiu Andreu , de Fondeville Raphaël 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2019, Eliud Kipchoge ran a sub-two hour marathon wearing Nike’s Alphafly shoes. Despite being the fastest marathon time ever recorded, it wasn’t officially recognized as race conditions were tightly controlled to maximize his success. Besides, Kipchoge’s use of Alphafly shoes was controversial, with some experts claiming that they might have provided an unfair competitive advantage. In this work, we assess the potential influence of advanced footwear technology and the likelihood of a sub-two hour marathon in official races, by studying the evolution of running top performances from 2001 to 2019 for long distances ranging from 10 km to marathon. The analysis is performed using extreme value theory, a field of statistics dealing with analysis of rare events. We find a significant evidence of performance-enhancement effect with a 10% increase of the probability that a new world record for marathon-men discipline is set in 2021. However, results suggest that achieving a sub-two hour marathon in an official race in 2021 is still very unlikely, and exceeds 10% probability only by 2025.