bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in patient portal access by US adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nishii Akira , Campos-Castillo Celeste , Anthony Denise 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Online patient portals become important during disruptions to in-person health care, like when cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory viruses rise, yet underlying structural inequalities associated with race, socio-economic status, and other socio-demographic characteristics may affect their use. We analyzed a population-based survey to identify disparities within the United States in access to online portals during the early period of COVID-19 in 2020.

Materials and Methods
The National Cancer Institute fielded the 2020 Health and Information National Trends Survey from February to June 2020. We conducted multivariable analysis to identify socio-demographic characteristics of US patients who were offered and accessed online portals, and reasons for nonuse.

Results
Less than half of insured adult patients reported accessing an online portal in the prior 12 months, and this was less common among patients who are male, are Hispanic, have less than a college degree, have Medicaid insurance, have no regular provider, or have no internet. Reasons for nonuse include: wanting to speak directly to a provider, not having an online record, concerns about privacy, and discomfort with technology.

Discussion
Despite the rapid expansion of digital health technologies due to COVID-19, we found persistent socio-demographic disparities in access to patient portals. Ensuring that digital health tools are secure, private, and trustworthy would address some patient concerns that are barriers to portal access.

Conclusion
Expanding the use of online portals requires explicitly addressing fundamental inequities to prevent exacerbating existing disparities, particularly during surges in cases of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses that tax health care resources.
Exploring access to genomic risk information and the contours of the HIPAA public health exception
Authors: Wagner Jennifer K , Tanniru Juhi K , Chane Courtney A , Meyer Michelle N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Considerable resources have been invested in research to identify pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants that cause morbidity and mortality and also in returning these results to patients. The public health impact and cost-effectiveness of these efforts are maximized when probands’ relatives are informed of their risk and offered testing. However, such ‘Traceback’ cascade testing programs face multiple obstacles, including perceived or actual legal and regulatory hurdles. Here, using genetic cancer syndromes as a test case, we explore the contours of the Public Health Exception to the HIPAA Privacy Rule to assess whether it is a viable pathway for implementing a Traceback program. After examining the Privacy Rule as well as state laws and regulations for reportable conditions and genetic privacy, we conclude that this is not currently a viable approach for Traceback programs. We conclude by reflecting on ethical considerations of leveraging HIPAA’s public health exception to disclose PHI directly to at-risk relatives and offering insights for how legal hurdles to such a Traceback program could be overcome, if desired.
An updated biogeographic evaluation of endemism and conservation of small mammals from Chile
Authors: Hernández-Mazariegos Wendy C , Ibáñez Christian M , Palma R Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcological factors such as temperature, precipitation, and vegetation type have been reported to influence biogeographic patterns (e.g., species distribution, richness, and endemism) in mammals. In Chile, these patterns only had been explored in selected mammal groups from certain localities. In this study, we describe and analyze biogeographic patterns for all small mammals (marsupials, armadillos, bats, rodents), reported until 2020, in different climatic and ecological regions from continental Chile. Using a compiled database of 89 species, we estimated their distributional similarity, described and characterized richness and areas of endemism using Bayesian and Parsimony Analysis of Endemism, and linked species distribution with conservation status according to the IUCN Red List. We found three similarity units of species distribution based on climate: Arid, Temperate, and Polar; higher richness and endemism in north and south-central Chile; two areas of endemism, one in north and one in south; and a hotspot in south-central Chile. Finally, species of greater conservation concern showed a similar and small distribution range. The concordance in the distribution of the species with Chilean climatic regions (as determined by precipitation and temperature) suggest that the spatial distribution of Chilean small mammals is influenced strongly by those abiotic factors. This also could explain the patterns of richness and endemism and, therefore species hotspots. Variations of climatic factors therefore should be considered in explaining biogeographic patterns and conservation plans of Chilean small mammal species, because species of greater concern tend to be associated and having similar distributional characteristics.
Electron irradiation damage of amorphous epoxy resin at low electron doses
Authors: Yoshida Kaname , Huang Hsin-Hui , Miyata Tomohiro , Sato Yohei K , Jinnai Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms of electron irradiation damage to epoxy resin samples were evaluated using their electron diffraction patterns and electron energy–loss spectra. Their electron diffraction patterns consisted of three indistinct halo rings. The halo ring corresponding to an intermolecular distance of ∼6.4 Å degraded rapidly. Such molecular-scale collapse could have been caused by cross-linking between molecular chains. The degree of electron irradiation damage to the samples changed with the accelerating voltage. The tolerance dose limit of the epoxy resin estimated from the intensity of the halo ring was found to be improved at a higher accelerating voltage. Changes in low-loss electron energy–loss spectra indicated that the mass loss of the epoxy resin was remarkable in the early stage of electron irradiation.
Climate Adaptive Management in the Northeastern United States: Common Strategies and Motivations of Rural and Urban Foresters
Authors: McGann Tessa C , Schattman Rachel E , D’Amato Anthony W , Ontl Todd A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the mounting imperative for managers to help forests adapt to the rapidly shifting climate and related stressors, significant gaps remain between recommendations for adaptive forest management and its actual implementation across the globe. The research presented here offers a novel qualitative analysis regarding the current nature, extent, and drivers of adaptive management in the northeastern United States. Based on 32 in-depth semi-structured interviews with rural (n = 17) and urban foresters (n = 15) across New England and New York, we share a summary of (1) important environmental drivers of adaptation across the region, (2) commonly employed adaptive strategies, (3) significant barriers to adaptation, and (4) approaches to working through named barriers. We categorize adaptive practices of foresters as options of resistance, resilience, or transition, highlighting opportunities to increase the use of all three options across the landscape.
At the Crossroads between Care and Control: A Cross-Country Comparison of Assisted Return
Authors: Marino Rossella , Mannersuo Arla , Francisco Inês , Lietaert Ine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Assisted return (AR) is a widespread policy tool offering financial support and counselling to returning migrants. Policymakers present it as a durable solution vis-à-vis undocumented migrants and rejected asylum seekers. However, AR has been proven to display the concurrence of care and control typical of contested humanitarianism. This concurrence takes different shapes across nation states. Our paper looks at how Sweden, Finland, the UK, Italy, Spain, and Portugal concretely configure care and control in their AR programmes, by focusing particularly on accessibility criteria, the landscape of the actors implementing the measure and their main implementation strategies. We finally find that the care and control balance of a particular layer within the AR national system can hardly be appreciated without considering the (lack of) life opportunities available to the potential beneficiaries of the measure, both within the confines and outside of it. Therefore, our comparative research ultimately conveys that what we call the intrinsic humanitarianism of AR—or its internal care-control balance—can give insight into the durability of the measure only when associated with what we term the extrinsic humanitarianism of AR—namely its broader relationship with forced return. In order words, AR ultimately appears migration control in disguise if it is not coupled with the enlargement of dignified life chances for migrants.
A multidisciplinary approach to rescue a full-term pregnant and her fetus after blunt abdominal trauma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mahmood Ismail , Abdelrahman Husham , Hakim Suhail , El-Menyar Ayman , Rizoli Sandro , Asim Mohammad , Al-hassani Ammar , Abdulrahman Yassir , Strandvik Gustav , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Blunt abdominal trauma due to motor vehicle crash is one of the leading causes of mortality during pregnancy. Though the trauma team plays a critical role in the initial management, a multidisciplinary contribution is essential to ensure the safety of the mother and her fetus. This case report followed the multidisciplinary approach for the management of a 32-year-old female during the last week of pregnancy. She sustained blunt trauma causing maternal and fetal distress due to abruption of the placenta with a large intrauterine and retroplacental hemorrhage, retro-hepatic and retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pseudoaneurysm of uterine arteries leading to postpartum hemorrhage. Immediate intervention and management at a Level 1 trauma center led to survival of both the mother and infant.
Wang procedure for secondary thoracic deformity after simultaneous operation of sternal cleft with congenital heart disease
Authors: Wang Wenlin , Long Weiguang , Liu Yang , Cai Bin , Luo Juan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sternal cleft is a rare thoracic deformity, often associated with congenital heart disease, which requires simultaneous treatment. There are many methods for treatment of sternal cleft, the early effect may be satisfactory, but the late effect is rarely reported. We performed a simultaneous operation on a patient with sternal cleft and ventricular septal defect, but the patient developed secondary depression deformity after the operation. We used Wang procedure to correct it and got satisfactory results.
Estimating the size of the monkeypox virus outbreak in Nigeria and implications for global control
Authors: Marwah Anindita , Ogoina Dimie , Au Natalie H , Gibb Nick P , Portillo Mariana Torres , Thomas-Bachli Andrea , Demarsh P Alex , Bogoch Isaac I , Khan Kamran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundA multi-country outbreak caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) has been unfolding across endemic and non-endemic countries since May 2022. Throughout April and May 2022, Nigeria reported 31 MPXV cases, of which 11 were confirmed via testing. In May 2022, three internationally exported cases of MPXV, presumed to have originated in Nigeria, were reported, suggesting that a larger than reported outbreak might be occurring in the country.MethodsWe used previously established methods to estimate the true size of the MPXV outbreak in Nigeria. We estimated the incidence rate of exported MPXV cases among all outbound international air travellers from Nigeria during the time period of April and May 2022, using forecasted air traveller volumes. We then applied this incidence rate to the entire population of Nigeria during April and May 2022 assuming that the rate of infection was the same in Nigeria for both travellers and the resident population. Information on the subset of population that were considered to be travellers was obtained from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).ResultsWe estimated that there were approximately 4000 (N = 4013; 95% CI: 828–11 728) active cases of MPXV in Nigeria in April and May 2022. This is approximately 360-fold greater than the confirmed number and approximately 130-fold greater than the reported number of cases in Nigeria.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a larger outbreak than is appreciated may be ongoing in Nigeria. The observed international spread of MPXV offers important insights into the scale of the epidemic at its origin, where clinical detection and disease surveillance may be limited. These findings highlight the need to expand and support clinical, laboratory, and public health capacity to enable earlier detection of epidemics of international significance.
Performance of different correction maps in the extended phase-space method for spinning compact binaries
Authors: Luo Junjie , Feng Jie , Zhang Hong-Hao , Lin Weipeng 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Since the first detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO/VIRGO team, the related research field has attracted more attention. The spinning compact binaries system, as one of the gravitational-wave sources for broad-band laser interferometers, has been widely studied by related researchers. In order to analyse the gravitational wave signals using matched filtering techniques, reliable numerical algorithms are needed. Spinning compact binaries systems in post-Newtonian (PN) celestial mechanics have an inseparable Hamiltonian. The extended phase-space algorithm is an effective solution for the problem of this system. We have developed correction maps for the extended phase-space method in our previous work, which significantly improves the accuracy and stability of the method with only a momentum scale factor. In this paper, we will add more scale factors to modify the numerical solution in order to minimize the errors in the constants of motion. However, we find that these correction maps will result in a large energy bias in the subterms of the Hamiltonian in chaotic orbits, whose potential and kinetic energy, etc. are calculated inaccurately. We develop a new correction map to reduce the energy bias of the subterms of the Hamiltonian, which can instead improve the accuracy of the numerical solution and also provides a new idea for the application of the manifold correction in other algorithms.
Clustering of emission line galaxies with IllustrisTNG – I. Fundamental properties and halo occupation distribution
Authors: Osato Ken , Okumura Teppei 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Upcoming spectroscopic redshift surveys use emission line galaxies (ELGs) to trace the three-dimensional matter distributions with wider area coverage in the deeper Universe. Since the halos hosting ELGs are young and undergo infall towards more massive halos along filamentary structures, contrary to a widely employed luminous red galaxy sample, the dynamics specific to ELGs should be taken into account to refine the theoretical modelling at non-linear scales. In this paper, we scrutinize the halo occupation distribution (HOD) and clustering properties of ELGs by utilizing IllustrisTNG galaxy formation hydrodynamical simulations. Leveraging stellar population synthesis technique coupled with the photo-ionization model, we compute line intensities of simulated galaxies and construct mock H α and [O ii] ELG catalogues. The line luminosity functions and the relation between the star formation rate and line intensity are well consistent with observational estimates. Next, we measure the HOD and demonstrate that there is a distinct population for the central HOD, which corresponds to low-mass infalling halos. We then perform the statistical inference of HOD parameters from the projected correlation function. Our analysis indicates that the inferred HODs significantly deviate from the HOD measured directly from simulations although the best-fitting model yields a good fit to the projected correlation function. It implies that the information content of the projected correlation function is not adequate to constrain HOD models correctly and thus, it is important to employ mock ELG catalogues to calibrate the functional form of HOD models and add prior information on HOD parameters to robustly determine the HOD.
Very high energy emission mechanism in the extreme blazar PGC 2402248
Authors: Medina-Carrillo B , Sahu Sarira , Sánchez-Colón G , Rajpoot Subhash 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Extreme high-frequency peaked BL Lacs (EHBLs) are characterized by a synchrotron peak frequency exceeding 1017 Hz and a second peak that can be in the energy range of few GeVs to several TeVs. The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope (MAGIC) detected multi-TeV gamma-rays on 2018 April 19 for the first time from the EHBL PGC 2402248, which was simultaneously observed in multiwavelength by several other instruments. The broad-band spectral energy distribution of the source is conventionally modelled using the leptonic and the hadronic models. Due to the success of the photohadronic model in interpreting the enigmatic very high energy (VHE) flaring events from many high-energy blazars, we extend this model to explain the VHE events from PGC 2402248 observed by MAGIC telescopes and compare our results with other models. We conclude that the photohadronic fits are comparable and even fare better than most other models. Furthermore, we show that the spectrum is not hard and is in a low-emission state. The estimated bulk Lorentz factor for this flaring event is found to be ≲34.
Hidden biases in flux-resolved X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Kang Jia-Lai , Wang Jun-Xian 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Flux-resolved X-ray spectroscopy is widely adopted to investigate the spectral variation of a target between various flux levels. In many cases, it is done through horizontally splitting a single light curve into multiple flux levels with certain count-rate threshold(s). In this work, we point out there are two hidden biases in this approach that could affect the spectral analyses under particular circumstances. The first is that when Poisson fluctuations of the source counts in light curve bins are non-negligible compared with the intrinsic variation, this approach would overestimate (underestimate) the intrinsic average flux level of the high (low) state. The second bias is that when the Poisson fluctuations of the background count rate is non-negligible, the background spectrum of the high (low) state would be underestimated (overestimated), thus yielding biased spectral fitting parameters. We take NuSTAR spectra, for example, to illustrate the effects of the biases, and particularly how the measurements of the coronal temperature in active galactic nuclei would be biased. We present a toy method to assess the significance of such biases and approaches to correct for them when necessary.
A multimessenger study of the blazar PKS 0735+178: a new major neutrino source candidate
Authors: Sahakyan N , Giommi P , Padovani P , Petropoulou M , Bégué D , Boccardi B , Gasparyan S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The blazar PKS 0735+178 is possibly associated with multiple neutrino events observed by the IceCube, Baikal, Baksan, and KM3NeT neutrino telescopes while it was flaring in the γ-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical bands. We present a detailed study of this peculiar blazar to investigate the temporal and spectral changes in the multiwavelength emission when the neutrino events were observed. The analysis of Swift-XRT snapshots reveal a flux variability of more than a factor 2 in about 5 × 103 s during the observation on 2021 December 17. In the γ-ray band, the source was in its historical highest flux level at the time of the arrival of the neutrinos. The observational comparison between PKS 0735+178 and other neutrino source candidates, such as TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129, shows that all these sources share similar spectral energy distributions, very high radio and γ-ray powers, and parsec scale jet properties. Moreover, we present strong supporting evidence for PKS 0735+178 to be, like all the others, a masquerading BL Lac. We perform comprehensive modelling of the multiwavelength emission from PKS 0735+178 within one-zone lepto-hadronic models considering both internal and external photon fields and estimate the expected accompanying neutrino flux. The most optimistic scenario invokes a jet with luminosity close to the Eddington value and the interactions of ∼ PeV protons with an external UV photon field. This scenario predicts ∼0.067 muon and anti-muon neutrinos over the observed 3-week flare. Our results are consistent with the detection of one very high-energy neutrino like IceCube-211208A.
Parameter distributions of binary black hole mergers near supermassive black holes as seen by advanced gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Gondán László 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The environment surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei (GNs) is expected to harbour stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) populations. These binaries were suggested to form a hierarchical triple system with the SMBH, and gravitational perturbations from the SMBH can enhance the mergers of BBHs through Lidov–Kozai (LK) oscillations. Previous studies determined the expected binary parameter distribution for this merger channel in single GNs. Here, we account for the different spatial distribution and mass distribution models of BBHs around SMBHs and perform direct high-precision regularized N-body simulations, including Post-Newtonian (PN) terms up to order PN2.5, to model merging BBH populations in single GNs. We use a full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform model of BBHs with non-zero eccentricities and take into account the observational selection effect to determine the parameter distributions of LK-induced BBHs detected with a single advanced gravitational-wave (GW) detector from all GNs in the Universe. We find that the detected mergers’ total binary mass distribution is tilted towards lower masses, and the mass ratio distribution is roughly uniform. The redshift distribution peaks between ∼0.15 and 0.55, and the vast majority of binaries merge within redshift ∼1.1. The fraction of binaries entering the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA band with residual eccentricities &gt;0.1 is below $\sim 10 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. We identify a negative correlation between residual eccentricity and mass parameters and a negative correlation between residual eccentricity and source distance. Our results for the parameter distributions and correlations among binary parameters may make it possible to disentangle this merger channel from other BBH merger channels statistically.