bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐bath incontinence (bathwater incontinence) can be managed with behavioral therapy
Authors: Kato Kumiko , Hirabayashi Hiroki , Matsuyama Aika , Sai Hiroki , Ishiyama Akinobu , Kurosu Haruka , Kato Takashi , Inoue Satoshi , Suzuki Shoji 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionWe encountered six post‐bath incontinence cases caused by bathwater entrapment in the vagina.Case presentationThe age of onset was distributed from 16 to 78 (average 38) and five out of six patients were parous. Three patients developed post‐bath incontinence immediately after vaginal delivery. One patient developed post‐bath incontinence after beginning to bathe in a reclined position and another after undergoing transvaginal mesh surgery to treat prolapse. All patients showed dribbling incontinence without urgency limited to within 30 min after bathing. Patients were instructed to put a towel between their legs and apply abdominal pressure to evacuate the entrapped water. Additionally, they were advised to squat in the bathtub to prevent water entrapment. This simple behavioral therapy relieved symptoms.ConclusionThe differential diagnosis of incontinence in women should include entrapped fluid incontinence such as bathwater incontinence, pool water incontinence, and vaginal reflux during micturition.
Macroscopic assembled graphene nanofilms based room temperature ultrafast mid‐infrared photodetectors
Authors: Peng Li , Liu Lixiang , Du Sichao , Bodepudi Srikrishna Chanakya , Li Lingfei , Liu Wei , Lai Runchen , Cao Xiaoxue , Fang Wenzhang , Liu Yingjun , Liu Xinyu , Lv Jianhang , Abid Muhammad , Liu Junxue , Jin Shengye , Wu Kaifeng , Lin Miao‐Ling , Cong Xin , Tan Ping‐Heng , Zhu Haiming , Xiong Qihua , Wang Xiaomu , Hu Weida , Duan Xiangfeng , Yu Bin , Xu Zhen , Xu Yang , Gao Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGraphene with linear energy dispersion and weak electron–phonon interaction is highly anticipated to harvest hot electrons in a broad wavelength range. However, the limited absorption and serious backscattering of hot‐electrons result in inadequate quantum yields, especially in the mid‐infrared range. Here, we report a macroscopic assembled graphene (nMAG) nanofilm/silicon heterojunction for ultrafast mid‐infrared photodetection. The assembled Schottky diode works in 1.5–4.0 μm at room temperature with fast response (20–30 ns, rising time, 4 mm2 window) and high detectivity (1.6 × 1011 to 1.9 × 109 Jones from 1.5 to 4.0 μm) under the pulsed laser, outperforming single‐layer‐graphene/silicon photodetectors by 2–8 orders. These performances are attributed to the greatly enhanced photo‐thermionic effect of electrons in nMAG due to its high light absorption (~40%), long carrier relaxation time (~20 ps), low work function (4.52 eV), and suppressed carrier number fluctuation. The nMAG provides a long‐range platform to understand the hot‐carrier dynamics in bulk 2D materials, leading to broadband and ultrafast MIR active imaging devices at room temperature.image
Classification‐based framework for binarization on mice eye image in vivo with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ma Fei , Dai Cuixia , Meng Jing , Li Ying , Zhao Jingxiu , Zhang Yuanke , Wang Shengbo , Zhang Xueting , Cheng Ronghua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography has drawn much attention in the medical imaging field. Binarization plays an important role in quantitative analysis of eye with optical coherence tomography. To address the problem of few training samples and contrast‐limited scene, we proposed a new binarization framework with specific‐patch SVM (SPSVM) for low‐intensity OCT image, which is open and classification‐based framework. This new framework contains two phases: training model and binarization threshold. In the training phase, firstly, the patches of target and background from few training samples are extracted as the ROI and the background, respectively. Then, PCA is conducted on all patches to reduce the dimension and learn the eigenvector subspace. Finally, the classification model is trained from the features of patches to get the target value of different patches. In the testing phase, the learned eigenvector subspace is conducted on the pixels of each patch. The binarization threshold of patch is obtained with the learned SVM model. We acquire a new OCT mice eye (OCT‐ME) database, which is publicly available at https://mip2019.github.io/spsvm. Extensive experiments were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SPSVM framework.
Exposure to Recurring Community Violence Scale: A validity and reliability study in Turkey
Authors: Kızıltepe Rukiye , Korkmaz Mediha , Yılmaz Irmak Türkan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a substantial increase in the interest in violence occurring at home or school, as well as in neighborhoods. Yet, there is no standardized instrument to measure community violence in Turkey. Thus, the present study aimed to adapt the Exposure to Recurring Community Violence Scale into Turkish and explore its psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 210 participants (57% were females) between 18 and 64 years (Mage = 38.33, SD = 10.67). For criterion‐related validity, we evaluated the participants' scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Traumatic Life Events Form, the Relationship Quality Scale, and a Demographic Information Form. We performed all statistical analyses using the FACTOR and SPSS v.20 programs. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 2‐factor structure for the scale (victimization and witnessing), explaining 52% of the total variance. As expected, the witnessing and victimization scores were correlated with the subscales of the BSI, the number of traumatic life events, and the subscales of The Relationship Quality Scale. For reliability concerns, we calculated Cronbach's α coefficients to be 0.79 for the victimization and 0.90 for the witnessing. Besides, the findings revealed acceptable psychometric properties for the Turkish version of the Exposure to Recurring Community Violence Scale. Thereby, we concluded that the scale can be used as a reliable and valid measure in the Turkish context. Overall, the scale will likely allow further research to scrutinize the risk factors and consequences of community violence.
Refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Successful treatment with tirabrutinib plus conventional therapies
Authors: Naka Ryosuke , Kaneko Hitomi , Nagata Osamu , Tada Kohei , Tashima Masaharu , Mizutani Chisato , Imada Kazunori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is secondary to malignant diseases, chemotherapy is expected to improve the platelet count (PC) as well. Herein, we report a case of a 72‐year‐old man with ITP refractory to standard therapies. IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was determined as an underlying disease. After bendamustine and rituximab (BR) therapy was found inadequately effective, tirabrutinib, a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was initiated, and the PC normalised subsequently. Surveillance of underlying diseases with which effective therapies are available may help manage refractory ITP, and IgM‐MGUS is potentially a targetable underlying disease with this newly available drug.
A 588 nW, 1 nA current reference circuit with extremely low (0.002%/V) line sensitivity over a wide supply voltage range and low temperature coefficient
Authors: Mukherjee Koyel , Sau Trisha , Upadhyay Sneha , Mitra Susmita , Bhowmik Arpita , Sarkhel Saheli , Pandit Soumya , Pal Rajat Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 1 nA current reference circuit is designed in semiconductor laboratory (SCL) 0.18 μm standard threshold voltage CMOS technology under 1.8 V power supply. The reference current is extremely immune to supply variation and shows a line sensitivity of 0.002%/V at post layout simulation level, over a wide range of supply variation from 0.5 V to 3.5 V. The line sensitivity is much smaller than any relevant data so far reported. In addition, it has a very low temperature coefficient of 214 ppm/°C over a temperature variation from −50°C to 50°C. The circuit consumes a total power of 588 nW. The reported results are also studied at various process corners and under variable process parameters like oxide thickness and threshold voltage of transistors. A satisfactory behaviour of the circuit is obtained in all cases. The accuracy of the simulation results is validated through quite close matching of the results with that obtained through rigorously developed theoretical models.
Medication use to manage comorbidities in people with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Kate , Alan Janine , Page Amy , Percival Mia , Etherton‐Beer Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate physical health outcomes associated with medications prescribed to manage chronic physical conditions in people living with dementia; and determine whether a dementia diagnosis altered drug utilisation patterns for physical health conditions.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Central and Scopus were searched 01/2011 to 12/2020.Study selectionExperimental and observational studies, where participants with dementia using medications prescribed by doctors to prevent or treat one or more chronic comorbid physical condition, were compared to no intervention, usual care, or a non‐dementia comparison group. The outcomes of interest were clinically meaningful physical outcomes, and medication utilisation patterns.ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria. All were of medium to high quality relative to their study design. Mixed findings were reported for ischemic stroke (n = 3), all‐cause mortality (n = 3) and bleeding‐related outcomes (n = 2). This is likely due to the heterogeneity in exposures reported. One study found that people with dementia, receiving antidiabetic management, had a higher rate of severe hypoglycaemia compared to people without dementia. Medication utilisation pattern outcomes included oral anticoagulant use before stroke‐related hospitalisation (n = 1), antithrombotic medication use before stroke‐related hospitalisation (n = 1), cardiovascular medication use for secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease (n = 1), antidepressant medication discontinuation (n = 1), osteoporosis treatment (n = 1), diabetic medication use (n = 2), and antihypertensive medication discontinuation (n = 1).ConclusionThis systematic review showed there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that medication management in people with dementia should differ substantially to people without dementia. Comprehensive and high‐quality evidence is needed to improve confidence that medication prescribing achieves optimum clinical outcomes, quality of life, and benefit‐to‐risk determination in this vulnerable population.
Effect of chitosan/starch aldehyde‐catechin conjugate composite coating on the quality and shelf life of fresh pork loins
Authors: Hu Huixia , Yong Huimin , Zong Shuai , Jin Changhai , Liu Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFresh pork is susceptible to oxidation and spoilage. Edible coating containing antioxidant and antimicrobial agents can create moisture and oxygen barriers around pork and inhibit oxidation and microbial growth in the pork. In this study, chitosan in combination with starch aldehyde‐catechin conjugate (SACC) was used as a novel edible coating material for preserving fresh pork loins at chilled storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 14 days. Effect of chitosan/SACC composite coating on the quality of pork loins including weight loss, colour, pH value, microbial spoilage, lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, texture and sensory attributes during chilled storage was determined.RESULTSChitosan and SACC had synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. As compared with uncoated and chitosan coated pork loins, chitosan/SACC coated pork loins showed lower weight loss (7.16%), pH value (5.99), total viable count (7.11 log CFU g−1), total volatile base nitrogen content (130.2 mg kg−1), lipid oxidation level (0.47 mg malondialdehyde kg−1), protein oxidation level (0.047 mmol free thiol group g−1) and shear force (27.40 N) on day 14. Meanwhile, chitosan/SACC composite coating effectively maintained the colour, micro‐structure and sensory attributes of pork loins throughout chilled storage period. The shelf life of pork loins was extended from 8 days (uncoated samples) to 14 days by chitosan/SACC composite coating.CONCLUSIONChitosan/SACC composite coating effectively retarded the oxidation and spoilage of pork loins during chilled storage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Near‐high frequency antenna for unmanned aerial system ice‐penetrating radar
Authors: Arnold Emily , Patil Ankur , Rodriguez‐Morales Fernando , Occhiogrosso Vincent 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this letter, we present the novel design of a near‐high frequency antenna for a small unmanned aircraft systems helicopter for the intended purpose of sounding and imaging temperate glaciers. The antenna leverages concepts in the areas of efficient electrically small antennas, structural antennas, and impedance matching to create a versatile design that is small and lightweight yet robust for airborne operations and has wider bandwidth than existing designs.
Technical note: Evaluation and second check of a commercial Monte Carlo dose engine for small‐field apertures in pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Holmes Jason , Shen Jiajian , Shan Jie , Patrick Christopher L. , Wong William W. , Foote Robert L. , Patel Samir H. , Bues Martin , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of the RayStation Monte Carlo dose engine (RayStation MC) in modeling small‐field block apertures in proton pencil beam scanning. Furthermore, we evaluate the suitability of MCsquare as a second check for RayStation MC.MethodsWe have enhanced MCsquare to model block apertures. To test the accuracy of both RayStation MC and the newly enhanced MCsquare, we compare the dose predictions of each to in‐water dose measurements obtained using diode detectors and radiochromic film. Nine brass apertures with openings of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm and either 2 cm or 4 cm thickness were used in the irradiation of a water phantom. Two measurement setups were used, one with a range shifter and 119.7 MeV proton beam energy and the other with no range shifter and 147 MeV proton beam energy. To further test the validity of RayStation MC and MCsquare in modeling block apertures and to evaluate MCsquare as a second check tool, 10 small‐field (average target volume 8.3 cm3) patient treatment plans were calculated by each dose engine followed by a statistical comparison.ResultsComparing to the absolute dose measurements in water, RayStation MC differed by 1.2% ± 1.0% while MCsquare differed by −1.8% ± 3.7% in the plateau region of a pristine Bragg peak. Compared to the in‐water film measurements, RayStation MC and MCsquare both performed well with an average 2D‐3D gamma passing rate of 99.4% and 99.7% (3%/3 mm), respectively. A t‐test comparing the agreement with the film measurements between RayStation MC and MCsquare suggested that the relative spatial dose distributions calculated by MCsquare and RayStation MC were statistically indistinguishable. Directly comparing the dose calculations between MCsquare and RayStation MC over 10 patients resulted in an average 3D‐3D gamma passing rates of 98.5% (3%/3 mm) and 94.1% (2%/2 mm), respectively.ConclusionThe validity of RayStation MC algorithm for use with patient‐specific apertures has been expanded to include small apertures. MCsquare has been enhanced to model apertures and was found to be an adequate second check of RayStation MC in this scenario.
A dual‐scale homogenization method to study the properties of chopped carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites
Authors: Fu Yuan , Zheng Ping , Qiu Yi Jian , Liu Jin , Zhang You Liang , Lu Lei , Guo Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, a dual‐scale homogenization (DSH) procedures including the representative volume element (RVE) and Unit cell (UC) with Halpin–Tsai models in the UC scale and space direction‐sensitive Hotelling expansion (SDSHE) models in RVE scale separately. These two methods are introduced and implemented to predict the response of effective elastic properties in chopped fiber reinforced epoxy matrix structures. A post‐processing scheme of subdomain in UC scale based on Gauss theorem is proposed in SDSHE method, which is used to extract the average strain and stress in UC three‐dimensional structure. In addition, the X‐ray computed tomography was used to determine the fourth order tensor orientation angle and the probability distribution information of chopped fiber length in testing samples. Homogenization properties in RVE scale, and inclusion volume fraction (VF), thickness of interface and orientation tensors are designed in UC scale and compared. The excellent correlations with experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed models. Furthermore, the algorithm proposed in this paper realizes the homogenization of the two scales in the process of numerical analysis, and it will effectively take into account many problems that cannot be achieved by other algorithms, such as the path strain of the model, the thickness of the interface, and so on.
Standardized administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition across treatment settings
Authors: Luallin Stephanie , Hulac David , Pratt April A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increase, there is an increasing need for clinicians who offer accurate ASD assessments. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2) is a standardized assessment tool that is commonly recommended for use in comprehensive ASD evaluations. However, practitioners do not always follow protocols established by assessment developers. Due to difficulty administering the ADOS‐2, limited access to training for practitioners, and the complexity of ASD symptom presentation, false diagnoses of ASD are common, creating barriers to appropriate services. The present study explores the standardized use of the ADOS‐2 across treatment settings. School and community practitioners involved in ASD assessment were surveyed on their use of the ADOS‐2. Participants (n = 268) included individuals working in an array of settings who performed ASD evaluations. Participant involvement in ASD evaluations, current work setting, types of ADOS‐2 specific training received, and ADOS‐2 module most often used, were explored. These characteristics were compared to use of the ADOS‐2 and likelihood of administering each activity. Findings suggest barriers to the use of and training on the ADOS‐2 for school‐based practitioners compared to those in other settings. Neither setting nor level of ADOS‐2 training impacted administration standardization of the measure for participants.
Age‐ and gender‐related characteristics in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kang Kun‐Tai , Weng Wen‐Chin , Lee Pei‐Lin , Hsu Wei‐Chung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge and gender disparities in polysomnographic findings in children are not well understood.ObjectiveThis study determined age and gender‐related characteristics in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).MethodRetrospectively, data were collected. We analyzed polysomnographic data in the following age groups: 3–6 years (n = 681), 6–9 years (n = 553), 9–12 years (n = 297), 12–15 years (n = 200), and 15–18 years (n = 111).ResultsA total of 1842 children were included (mean age: 8.0 years; boys: 67%; obesity: 21%). The apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) gradually increased with age (3–6, 6–9, 9–12, 12–15, and 15–18 years groups: 6.2, 5.9, 6.5, 8.1, and 9.9 event/h, respectively; p trend = 0.002). In all age groups, boys had a higher AHI than girls (7.8 vs. 4.1 events/h, p < 0.001). Children with obesity had a higher AHI than those without (12.9 vs. 4.9 events/h, p < 0.001). The mean AHI in the boys increased with age (3–6 to 15–18 years groups: 7.0–13.6 events/h, respectively; p trend < 0.001), whereas the mean AHI in the girls was not significantly different between ages (p trend = 0.492). In moderation analyses, gender was a moderator in the association between obesity and AHI, and the association between age and AHI during 12–15 and 15–18 years of ages.ConclusionMale gender and obesity increase risk of OSA. Regarding age disparities, this study discovered a higher AHI in male adolescents than in young boys.
Strength Criterion of HTPB Composite Solid Propellant under Tension‐Shear Loading at Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Jia‐xiang , Qiang Hong‐fu , Wang Zhe‐jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe strength limits of composite solid propellants are different at different temperatures and loading states. To study the ultimate bearing capacity of Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant, the tensile‐shear loading fixture and propellant specimens were designed, and the tensile‐shear tests of HTPB propellant at different temperatures (223–298 K) and strain rates (0.01–1.00 s−1) were carried out. The variation of ultimate load of HTPB propellant with loading conditions was analysed. Based on the twin shear unified strength theory, the strength criterion of HTPB propellant under low temperature tension‐shear load was established, and the variation of mechanical parameters and stress limit surface with temperature and strain rate were analysed. The results show that the twin shear unified strength theory can be well applied to the strength analysis of propellants. The ultimate bearing capacity of HTPB propellant is the smallest near the loading angle of 45°. The shape of strength limit surface is an equilateral semi‐infinite hexahedron. With the decrease of temperature and the increase of shear rate, the strength limit surface of HTPB propellant expands outward.
Offshore coxswain competency evaluation model for internal on‐board competency monitoring and assessment
Authors: Lim Wen Khai , Rusli Risza , Nazir Salman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLifeboats are widely installed on offshore facilities to transfer personnel‐on‐board to safe location during an emergency. However, an unacceptably high number of incidents that cause serious or fatal injury to the involved crew still occur during routine maintenance and lifeboat drills. Therefore, a competency evaluation model that is suitable for implementation of on‐board offshore facilities and produces reliable results is essential. This paper proposes a theoretical competency evaluation model to minimize human error and continuously improve the proficiency of offshore lifeboat coxswains in on‐board offshore installations. The offshore coxswain competency evaluation model (OC2EM) is designed in two different sections: Section  1 comprises the base section, and Section  2 comprises the assessment section. OC2EM is assessed with the OPITO Offshore Lifeboat Coxswain Competence Assessment and OPITO Offshore Lifeboat Coxswain Training Standard, which are recognized globally in the oil and gas industry to determine the effectiveness and suitability for implementation. On the basis of the results obtained from the emergency scenarios generated and analysis with the OPITO training and competence standards, OC2EM has proven to be a promising model for implementation in on‐board offshore installations because of its capability to be implemented flexibly depending on the requirement of the particular installation while maintaining realistic results.