bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potentials of cell death inhibitors in rats with cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Luo Ying , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Liao Suchan , Maneechote Chayodom , Chunchai Titikorn , Arunsak Busarin , Benjanuwattra Juthipong , Yanpiset Panat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence demonstrated that cell death pathways including ferroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis contribute to cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We hypothesized that ferroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis contribute differently to myocardial damage during acute cardiac I/R injury. Rats underwent cardiac I/R or sham operation. I/R‐operated rats were divided into 4 groups: vehicle, apoptosis (Z‐vad), ferroptosis (Fer‐1) and necroptosis (Nec‐1) inhibition. Rats in each cell death inhibitor group were subdivided into 3 different dose regimens: low, medium and high. Infarct size, left ventricular (LV) function, arrhythmias and molecular mechanism were investigated. Cardiac I/R caused myocardial infarction, LV dysfunction, arrhythmias, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis and ferroptosis. Infarct size, LV dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and ferroptosis were all reduced to a similar extent in rats treated with Z‐vad (low and medium doses) or Fer‐1 (medium and high doses). Fer‐1 treatment also reduced mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and inflammation. No evidence of necroptosis was found in association with acute I/R injury, therefore Nec‐1 treatment could not be assessed. Apoptosis and ferroptosis, not necroptosis, contributed to myocardial damage in acute I/R injury. Inhibitors of these 2 pathways provided effective cardioprotection in rats with I/R injury though modulation of mitochondrial function and attenuated apoptosis and ferroptosis.
Clinical evaluation of anaesthetic‐like effect of two dermocosmetic formulations containing Aquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G3 in subjects with sensitive facial skin
Authors: Villaret A. , Lestienne F. , Vial F. , Aubert A. , Maret A. , El Marbouh L. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Castex‐Rizzi N. , Duplan H. , Coubetergues H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin is a common condition of hyper‐reactivity to external stimuli, e.g. heat or abrasion. The symptoms are subjective but can be measured using validated emotional and technical methods. Avène water has several beneficial effects on the skin. In vitro studies indicated that the active component of this natural spring water, Aquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G3 (ADE‐G3), modulates cutaneous sensitivity via an anaesthetic‐like mechanism.ObjectivesTo assess facial skin reactivity after repeated application of two formulations containing ADE‐G3.MethodsIn open‐label studies, healthy subjects with sensitive facial skin applied cream or balm twice daily for 84 days. The severity of skin sensitivity was measured using the Sensitive Scale (based on quantifying visible or subjective signs). Subjective responses associated with pain or uncomfortable feeling were assessed by measuring electrodermal response (EDR). This involves measuring variations in skin electrical resistance due to non‐conscious physiological changes in activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Subjects were also evaluated for beneficial effects according to a quantitative approach using semantic assessment of a question regarding their skin quality. Evaluations were performed before and after the first application, and after 29/30, 56 and 84 days of twice daily use.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the EDR after stimuli immediately after the application of both ADE‐G3 formulations, which continued to decrease over 84 days (40–50% decrease by D85). Likewise, all physical and functional signs of the Sensitive Scale were significantly decreased immediately after the first application and at all time points tested after treatment. Verbatim analysis revealed a semantic shift, from mainly negative terms on D1 to mainly positive terms at D85 for both tested products.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that two formulations containing ADE‐G3 reduced skin sensitivity, indicating a decreased activation of the sympathetic nervous system associated with this condition.
Parasite powerhouse: A review of the Toxoplasma gondii mitochondrion
Authors: Usey Madelaine M. , Huet Diego 
Published: March 2022

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is a member of the apicomplexan phylum, a group of single‐celled eukaryotic parasites that cause significant human morbidity and mortality around the world. T. gondii harbors two organelles of endosymbiotic origin: a non‐photosynthetic plastid, known as the apicoplast, and a single mitochondrion derived from the ancient engulfment of an α‐proteobacterium. Due to excitement surrounding the novelty of the apicoplast, the T. gondii mitochondrion was, to a certain extent, overlooked for about two decades. However, recent work has illustrated that the mitochondrion is an essential hub of apicomplexan‐specific biology. Development of novel techniques, such as cryo‐electron microscopy, complexome profiling, and next‐generation sequencing have led to a renaissance in mitochondrial studies. This review will cover what is currently known about key features of the T. gondii mitochondrion, ranging from its genome to protein import machinery and biochemical pathways. Particular focus will be given to mitochondrial features that diverge significantly from the mammalian host, along with discussion of this important organelle as a drug target.
Understanding barriers to couples therapy
Authors: Hubbard Aimee K. , Anderson Jared R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhat prevents couples from entering therapy? Given that the rate of couple help‐seeking is low, we need a better understanding of barriers to couple help‐seeking. To expand our understanding of these barriers, we asked almost 300 people who expressed an interest in couples therapy, to clarify what kept them from seeking help. A content analysis of participant's responses found six distinctive categories: cost of treatment, logistics, the modality of treatment, trustworthiness, relational factors, and a clear therapeutic process. Additionally, some responses suggested that stigma and concerns around the emotional work involved deterred couples from seeking help. This expanded understanding of barriers to couples therapy can assist both researchers and clinicians address them in more intentional ways.
Effectiveness of music therapy as an adjuvant to conscious sedation in women undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nandeibam Yohen , Joseph Treasa , Antonisamy Belavendra , Kamath Mohan S. , Kunjummen Aleyamma T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAssisted reproductive technique (ART) has emerged as the highest form of treatment for infertile couples. Transvaginal oocyte retrieval is currently performed under conscious sedation in most centers. Since it is a relatively painful procedure, a number of adjuvant therapies have been tried to improve pain relief during the procedure. Music therapy is a nonpharmacological technique that has been successfully used for pain relief in perioperative and chronic pain of malignancy. However, studies evaluating its usefulness in ART‐related procedures are limited. We evaluated the effectiveness of music therapy as an adjuvant for pain relief during oocyte retrieval.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary level teaching hospital in South India from September 2020 to March 2021. All women undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval were randomized to receive either music therapy along with conscious sedation (Group A) or conscious sedation alone (Group B). The primary outcome was postprocedure pain score assessed by the visual analog scale. Secondary outcomes included anxiety score.ResultsA total of 109 women were randomized into Group A (54 women) and Group B (55 women). The postprocedure pain score was comparable between the two study groups (6.0, interquartile range [IQR] 4 to 6 vs. 6.0, IQR 4 to 6; p = 0.69). However, anxiety levels were found to be significantly lower in women who were offered music therapy (3.0, IQR 1 to 5 vs. 4.0, IQR 3 to 6; p = 0.004).ConclusionThe use of music therapy as an adjuvant to conscious sedation was found to have no significant benefit in pain relief during oocyte retrieval.
Acetylsalicylic acid use is associated with improved survival in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: A long‐term nationwide study
Authors: Rögnvaldsson Kristján G. , Bjarnason Agnar , Kristinsson Karl , Bragason Hörður T. , Erlendsdóttir Helga , Þorgeirsson Guðmundur , Gottfreðsson Magnús 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and associated with subsequent cardiovascular complications and increased mortality. Potential short‐term survival benefits conferred by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use in pneumonia remain controversial, and long‐term outcomes have not been studied.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between ASA use and survival for up to 1 year following bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.MethodsAll bacteremic pneumococcal episodes in Iceland from 1975 to 2019 were reviewed. The study cohort consisted of individuals at least 18 years of age with symptoms and imaging results consistent with pneumonia. Differences in survival were assessed at 30 days, 90 days and 1 year using propensity score weighting (inverse probability weighting). Splitting and stratifying on survival at 7 days was done for the 30‐day survival, because of nonproportionality.ResultsIn total, 815 bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia episodes (median age 67 years, females 48%) were identified. Cox regression using propensity score weighting on the association of ASA with survival at 30 days showed an average hazard ratio (HR) of 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–1.05). A significantly improved survival was observed within 7 days (HR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.92) but not during days 7–30 (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.46–2.55). ASA was associated with survival at 90 days (HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32–0.87) and 1 year (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.31–0.75).ConclusionUse of ASA upon admission for bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia is associated with significantly reduced mortality for up to 1 year after diagnosis. ASA therapy in patients with pneumonia and other infectious syndromes warrants further study.
The psychology of diversity and its implications for workplace (in)equality: Looking back at the last decade and forward to the next
Authors: Fletcher Luke , Beauregard T. Alexandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this British Psychological Society (BPS) landmark paper, we employ an evidence synthesis approach to review the broad range of diversity research published in BPS journals between 2011 and 2021. By focusing on research that investigates stereotypes associated with, and discrimination towards, minority and minoritized groups, we seek to provide readers with a better understanding of the dynamics of a diverse workforce and, going forward, to facilitate the efforts of the psychology research community towards building a body of work that meaningfully addresses workplace inequalities. We thematically analyse and synthesize 25 articles, which fall into four interconnected themes: identity development and management; negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination; working in a diverse team; and the broader organizational environment. Highlighting key strengths of this work and areas for future development, we note the absence of overarching theoretical debates and discussions that might facilitate the development of an on‐going narrative across diversity‐related research published within BPS journals. We outline a future research agenda to bridge methodological divides and to connect with diversity literatures in related disciplines such as human resource development (HRD), human resource management (HRM), and organization studies. In so doing, we advocate for psychologists to move beyond a solely individualistic perspective and instead recognize and account for the context within which diversity‐related processes take place.
Effect Evaluation of a School‐Based Intervention Promoting Sleep in Adolescents: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Inhulsen Maj‐Britt M. R. , Busch Vincent , van Stralen Maartje M. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the effect of the school‐based intervention Charge Your Brainzzz on adolescents' social‐cognitive determinants, sleep hygiene and sleep duration and quality.METHODSA cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted with 972 students from 10 Dutch high schools. Schools were randomly allocated to the intervention (N = 5) or control condition (N = 5). Outcomes were measured with the digital Consensus Sleep Diary and via a digital questionnaire, based on valid measures. Data were collected at baseline (T0), ±1.5 weeks post‐intervention (T1) and ±3 months post‐intervention (T2). Mixed model analyses were performed to estimate the effects on social‐cognitive determinants, sleep hygiene, and sleep outcomes.RESULTSThe intervention increased sleep knowledge post‐intervention (b = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.22‐2.60) and at follow up (b = 1.40; 95%CI: 0.70‐2.10). The intervention was also effective in changing adolescents' attitudes (b = 0.10; 95%CI: 0.01‐0.19) and perceived behavioral control (b = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.01‐0.22) post‐intervention. No positive changes were found regarding subjective norms, behavioral intentions, sleep hygiene, or sleep outcomes.CONCLUSIONSThe intervention improved adolescents' sleep knowledge, attitude, and perceived behavioral control. To significantly impact sleep health, theoretically sound and systematically developed interventions are needed which take into account the interplay between sleep, sleep‐related behaviors, and adolescents' social and physical environment.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONTrial name: Evaluation of the school‐based intervention Charge Your Brainzzz promoting sleep in adolescents; URL:
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN36701918; ID: ISRCTN36701918.
A Comprehensive School Health Approach to Student Physical Activity: A Multilevel Analysis Examining the Association between School‐Level Factors and Student Physical Activity Behaviors
Authors: Pirrie Melissa , Carson Valerie , Dubin Joel A. , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe comprehensive school health (CSH) framework has four components: social and physical environment; partnerships and services; teaching and learning; and policy. This study examines associations between CSH and student physical activity (PA).METHODSUsing 2015/2016 COMPASS study survey data of 37,397 students (grades 9‐12) from 80 secondary schools in Ontario and Alberta, Canada, associations between school‐level factors within CSH and student PA outcomes (weekly moderate‐to‐vigorous PA [MVPA] minutes and achieving the national PA recommendations of ≥60 min of MVPA daily, vigorous PA ≥3 days/week, strengthening activities ≥3 days/week) were analyzed using multilevel regression models stratified by gender and grade.RESULTSFactors within all four CSH components were associated with student PA. Four student subgroups were more likely to achieve the recommendations if their school had youth organization partnerships (Range of AORs:1.15‐1.33, p <.05) and female students were less likely if their school had low prioritization of PA (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI: [0.65‐0.92]). Grade 9 students had higher MVPA when provided non‐competitive PA opportunities (β = 100.4, 95%CI: [30.0‐170.9]). All student subgroups had better PA outcomes when schools provided access to equipment during non‐instructional time.CONCLUSIONThere is opportunity to improve student PA through CSH‐guided interventions, but different strategies may be more effective for each gender/grade.
Anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, and professional quality of life among the hospital workforce during a global health pandemic
Authors: Kelly Daniel , Schroeder Shawnda , Leighton Kristen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurpose: Working in a hospital setting during a global health pandemic can lead to increased levels of anxiety, stress, burnout, and depression. Anecdotal evidence exists, but there is little research utilizing clinically validated tools to measure hospital staff psychological distress.Methods: In Summer 2021, 771 hospital staff in North Dakota responded to an electronic survey collecting demographic data and employing validated behavioral health screening tools to assess anxiety, depression, emotional distress, and work‐related quality of life.Findings: Compassion satisfaction was significantly higher for those who worked in rural areas than urban [t(769) = –1.99, P = .0467]. The burnout rating was significantly higher for those who worked in urban areas than rural [t(769) = 2.23, P = .0261)]. There was no significant geographic variation in stress, anxiety, or depression. Anxiety, depression, burnout, and stress were all significantly higher for those who worked directly with COVID‐19 patients than those who did not, regardless of hospital location.Conclusions: Hospital staff caring for COVID‐19 patients experienced equitable (and high) levels of depression and anxiety. However, data indicate that rural providers experienced greater protective factors, resulting in lower rates of burnout and higher compassion satisfaction. Rural communities, hospitals, and health systems may have characteristics that could be duplicated in urban areas to support hospital staff well‐being. Support and promotion of mental wellness must also come from the hospital system, and health care and policy leaders. If we do not care for our hospital staff, there will not be hospital staff left to care for the community.
Against the mainstream: Field evidence on a positive link between media consumption and the demand for sports among children
Authors: Weimar Daniel , Breuer Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe physical health of individuals is degenerating worldwide. The decrease in sporting activities among young people appears critical, as most life habits evolve during childhood. Among others, the rising share of media consumption among children is thought to be a primary determinant of the decline in demand for sports participation. Consequently, the mainstream of past studies on demand for media consumption and health argue with a “per se” negative link between TV consumption and physical activities. To shed new light on this, we investigate the impact of the Japanese animated cartoon (anime) “Attack No 1” on youth volleyball participation in Germany in the mid‐1990s. We base our estimations on official club membership data (1985–2007) and use a difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach to empirically estimate the anime's causal effect on youth volleyball participation. With an average annual growth rate of 22.75%, the results show a strong short‐term volleyball boom among young girls after the anime. Numbers also increased slightly among male adolescents. Correlations did not suggest solid long‐term effects. However, based on the available data, no causal statements regarding long‐term effects were possible either.Additionally, we found no evidence that suggests substitution effects. Instead, accumulated youth female enrollments rose by 2.1% during the broadcasting time. Spill‐over effects on non‐ball‐based sports have not been identified. We conclude that TV content portraying sports might work as a nudge to increase sports demand among young people. Thus, the production or streaming of sport‐related animated cartoons should be incentivized to a greater extent.
What works to protect, promote and support breastfeeding on a large scale: A review of reviews
Authors: Tomori Cecília , Hernández‐Cordero Sonia , Busath Natalie , Menon Purnima , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobally women continue to face substantial barriers to breastfeeding. The 2016 Lancet Breastfeeding Series identified key barriers and reviewed effective interventions that address them. The present study updates the evidence base since 2016 using a review of reviews approach. Searches were implemented using the Epistomenikos database. One hundred and fifteen reviews of interventions were identified and assessed for quality and risk of bias. Over half of reviews (53%) were high‐ or moderate quality, with the remaining low or critically low quality due to weaknesses in assessment of bias. A large portion of studies addressed high‐income and upper‐middle income settings, (41%), and a majority (63%) addressed health systems, followed by community and family settings (39%). Findings from reviews continue to strengthen the evidence base for effective interventions that improve breastfeeding outcomes across all levels of the social‐ecological model, including supportive workplace policies; implementation of the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative, skin to skin care, kangaroo mother care, and cup feeding in health settings; and the importance of continuity of care and support in community and family settings, via home visits delivered by CHWs, supported by fathers', grandmothers' and community involvement. Studies disproportionately focus on health systems in high income and upper‐middle income settings. There is insufficient attention to policy and structural interventions, the workplace and there is a need for rigorous assessment of multilevel interventions. Evidence from the past 5 years demonstrates the need to build on well‐established knowledge to scale up breastfeeding protection, promotion and support programmes.
Mast cell mediation of visceral sensation and permeability in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Hasler William L. , Grabauskas Gintautas , Singh Prashant , Owyang Chung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbnormalities of mast cell structure or function may play prominent roles in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom genesis. Mast cells show close apposition to sensory nerves and release bioactive substances in response to varied stimuli including infection, stress, and other neuroendocrine factors. Most studies focus on patients who develop IBS after enteric infection or who report diarrhea‐predominant symptoms. Three topics underlying IBS pathogenesis have been emphasized in recent investigations. Visceral hypersensitivity to luminal stimulation is found in most IBS patients and may contribute to abdominal pain. Mast cell dysfunction also may disrupt epithelial barrier function which alters mucosal permeability potentially leading to altered bowel function and pain. Mast cell products including histamine, proteases, prostaglandins, and cytokines may participate in hypersensitivity and permeability defects, especially with diarrhea‐predominant IBS. Recent experimental evidence indicates that the pronociceptive effects of histamine and proteases are mediated by the generation of prostaglandins in the mast cell. Enteric microbiome interactions including increased mucosal bacterial translocation may activate mast cells to elicit inflammatory responses underlying some of these pathogenic effects. Therapies to alter mast cell activity (mast cell stabilizers) or function (histamine antagonists) have shown modest benefits in IBS. Future investigations will seek to define patient subsets with greater potential to respond to therapies that address visceral hypersensitivity, epithelial permeability defects, and microbiome alterations secondary to mast cell dysfunction in IBS.