bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optoelectronic integrated circuits for analog optical computing: Development and challenge
Authors: Dan Yihang , Fan Zeyang , Chen Qi , Lai Yihang , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Tian , Xu Kun 
Published: November 2022

Over the past 2 decades, researches in artificial neural networks (ANNs) and deep learning have flourished and enabled the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in image recognition, natural language processing, medical image analysis, molecular and material science, autopilot and so on. As the application scenarios for AI become more complex, massive perceptual data need to be processed in real-time. Thus, the traditional electronic integrated chips for executing the calculation of ANNs and deep learning algorithms are faced with higher requirements for computation speed and energy consumption. However, due to the unsustainability of Moore’s Law and the failure of the Dennard’s scaling rules, the growth of computing power of the traditional electronic integrated chips based on electronic transistors and von Neumann architecture could difficultly match the rapid growth of data volume. Enabled by silicon-based optoelectronics, analog optical computing can support sub-nanosecond delay and ∼fJ energy consumption efficiency, and provide an alternative method to further greatly improve computing resources and to accelerate deep learning tasks. In Chapter 1, the challenges of electronic computing technologies are briefly explained, and potential solutions including analog optical computing are introduced. Then, separated by four photonic platforms, including coherent integration platform, incoherent integration platform, space-propagation optical platform, and optical fiber platform, the recent important research progresses in analog optical computing are outlined in Chapter 2. Then, the nonlinearity and training algorithm for analog optical computing are summarized and discussed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, the prospects and challenges of analog optical computing are pointed out.
Superconductor Meissner Effects for Gravito-Electromagnetic Fields in Harmonic Coordinates Due to Non-Relativistic Gravitational Sources
Authors: Inan Nader A. 
Published: November 2022

There is much discrepancy in the literature concerning the possibility of a superconductor expelling gravito-electromagnetic fields just as it expels electromagnetic fields in the Meissner effect. Contradicting results are found in at least 18 papers written collectively by more than 20 authors and published over the course of more than 55 years (from 1966 to the present year of 2022). The primary purpose of this paper is to carefully explain the reason for the discrepancies, and provide a single conclusive treatment which may bring coherence to the subject. The analysis begins with a covariant Lagrangian for spinless charged particles (Cooper pairs) in the presence of electromagnetic fields in curved space-time. It is known that such a Lagrangian can lead to a vanishing Hamiltonian. Alternatively, it is shown that using a “space + time” Lagrangian leads to an associated Hamiltonian with a canonical momentum and minimal coupling rule. Discrepancies between Hamiltonians obtained by various authors are resolved. The canonical momentum leads to a modified form of the London equations and London gauge that includes the effects of gravity. A key result is that the gravito-magnetic field is expelled from a superconductor with a penetration depth on the order of the London penetration depth only when an appropriate magnetic field is also present. The gravitational flux quantum (fluxoid) in the body of a superconductor, and the quantized supercurrent in a superconducting ring, are also derived. Lastly, the case of a superconducting ring in the presence of a charged rotating mass cylinder is used as an example of applying the formalism developed.
Developmental exposure to sertraline impaired zebrafish behavioral and neurochemical profiles
Authors: Faria Melissa , Bellot Marina , Soto Oscar , Prats Eva , Montemurro Nicola , Manjarrés Diana , Gómez-Canela Cristian , Raldúa Demetrio 
Published: November 2022

The number of people suffering from mental health problems is rising, with anxiety and depression now the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric conditions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals to treat these conditions, which has led to their common detection in many aquatic ecosystems. As the monoaminergic system shows a high degree of structural conservation across diverse animal phyla, a reasonable assumption is that the environmental levels of SSRIs in surface water can lead to adverse effects on fish and other aquatic wildlife. For instance, Sertraline (SER), a widely prescribed SSRI, has been shown to induce adverse effects in fish, albeit most of the reports used exposure concentrations exceeding those occurring in natural environments. Therefore, there is still a great lack of knowledge regarding SERs effects in fish species, especially during early life stages. This study describes the evaluation of developmental exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to environmentally relevant concentrations of SER (from 0.01 to 10 μg/L), using a battery of key survival behaviors and further relating them with the expression of genes and neurochemical profiles of the monoaminergic system. We found that developmental exposure to SER did not affect embryo morphogenesis and growth. However, concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/L induced hypolocomotion and delayed learning. The observed behavioral impairment was associated with augmented serotonin levels rather than other neurochemicals and molecular markers, highlighting the relationship between serotonin signaling and behavior in zebrafish.
Calcium peroxide alleviates the waterlogging stress of rapeseed by improving root growth status in a rice-rape rotation field
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Han Yongliang , Luo Shang , Rong Xiangmin , Song Haixing , Jiang Na , Li Changwei , Yang Lan 
Published: November 2022

Waterlogging stress has a negative influence on agricultural production, particularly for rapeseed yield in a rice-rape rotation field. To alleviate the profound impacts of waterlogging stress on rapeseed production, a new fertilization with calcium peroxide (CaO2) was proposed. In this field experiment, with the conventional rape (Brassica napus L.) variety fengyou958 (FY958) and early maturing rape variety xiangyou420 (XY420) as materials, waterlogging was imposed from the bud to flowering stage, and three supplies of CaO2 (0, C1 for the 594 kg hm-2 and C2 for the 864 kg hm-2) were added as basal fertilizer. The results showed that CaO2 significantly reduced the accumulation of fermentation products in roots and alleviated the peroxidation of leaves. The reduced waterlogging stress promoted the root vigor and agronomic characters, such as branches, plant height and stem diameter, accelerated dry matter and nutrients accumulation, and resulting in 22.7% (C1) to 232.8% (C2) higher grain yields in XY420, and 112.4% (C1) to 291.8% (C2) higher grain yields in FY958, respectively. In conclusion, 594 kg hm-2 to 864 kg hm-2 CaO2 application restored the growth of waterlogged rapeseed leaves, and reduced the anaerobic intensity of root, which enhanced the resistance of plants to waterlogging, and improved crop productivity. In a certain range, the higher CaO2 application, the more the yield. This study provides a valid method to prevent damage from flooding in crop fields.
The association of fear of movement and postural sway in people with low back pain
Authors: Meinke Anita , Maschio Cinzia , Meier Michael L. , Karlen Walter , Swanenburg Jaap 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFear of movement is thought to interfere with the recovery from low back pain (LBP). To date, the relationship between fear of movement and postural balance has not been adequately elucidated. Recent findings suggest that more specific fears need to be assessed and put in relation to a specific movement task. We propose that the fear to bend the trunk in a certain direction is distinctly related to the amount of postural sway in different directions. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether fear of movement in general and fear of bending the trunk in a certain plane is related to postural sway.MethodsData was collected from participants with LBP during two assessments ~3 weeks apart. Postural sway was measured with a force-platform during quiet standing with the eyes closed. Fear of movement was assessed with an abbreviated version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) and custom items referring to fear of bending the trunk in the sagittal and the frontal plane.ResultsBased on data from 25 participants, fear of bending the trunk in the frontal plane was positively related to displacement in the sagittal and frontal plane and to velocity in the frontal plane (χ2 = 4.35, p = 0.04; χ2 = 8.15, p = 0.004; χ2 = 9.79, p = 0.002). Fear of bending the trunk in the sagittal plane was not associated with any direction specific measure of sway. A positive relation of the TSK-11 with velocity of the frontal plane (χ2 = 7.14, p = 0.008) was found, but no association with undirected measures of sway.DiscussionFear of bending the trunk in the frontal plane may be especially relevant to postural sway under the investigated stance conditions. It is possible that fear of bending the trunk in the frontal plane could interfere with balance control at the hip, shifting the weight from side to side to control balance.ConclusionFor the first time the directional relationship of fear of movement and postural sway was studied. Fear of bending the trunk in the frontal plane was positively associated with several measures of postural sway.
Lifestyle-related risk factors correlated with mental health problems: A longitudinal observational study among 686 male college students in Chongqing, China
Authors: Yang Bin-Wei , Zou Peng , Chen Qing , Sun Lei , Ling Xi , Yang Huan , Zhou Ni-Ya , Wang Li-Hong , Huang Lin-Ping , Liu Jin-Yi , Yang Hui-Fang , Cao Jia , Ao Lin 
Published: November 2022

AimPublic concerns over the mental health problems of college students are rising. Previous research show that female tend to suffer more from mental health problems than males, with few studies focusing on males. This study sought to explore the association of lifestyle-related risk factors with the prevalence of mental health problems among male college students in China.MethodsThe lifestyle information and mental health status of 686 male college students from Chongqing, China, were assessed in 2014, and 582 of them were followed up a year later. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing demographic and lifestyle factors which include sleep quality, computer usage, sedentariness, physical activity, smoking, current alcohol, coke, coffee, and milk tea drinking, and current tea/fried food/baked food consumption. Mental health problems were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).ResultsUnivariate analyses indicated that age, sleep latency, sleep duration, computer usage time, milk tea drinking, and fried food consumption were potential risk factors for mental health problems (p's &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis further revealed that, either at baseline or during follow-up, participants with (i) more computer usage time were at a higher risk of having depression symptoms (p's &lt; 0.05) and (ii) a higher frequency of fried food consumption were associated with a higher risk of having depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (p's &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the cross-lagged analysis showed that (i) computer usage time in 2014 is positively correlated with depression status (β = 0.106, p &lt; 0.05) but not anxiety (β = 0.047, p &gt; 0.05) and stress (β = 0.019, p &gt; 0.05) status a year later and (ii) fried food consumption in 2014 is positively correlated with depression (β = 0.129, p &lt; 0.01), anxiety (β = 0.168, p &lt; 0.001), and stress (β = 0.113, p &lt; 0.01) status a year later.ConclusionsComputer usage time and fried food consumption were lifestyle-related risk factors for mental health problems in male college students in Chongqing, China. These results might emphasize further preventive strategies for mental health problems, especially in male college students.
Prevalence of multimorbidity combinations and their association with medical costs and poor health: A population-based study of U.S. adults
Authors: Schiltz Nicholas K. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMultimorbidity is common, but the prevalence and burden of the specific combinations of coexisting disease has not been systematically examined in the general U.S. adult population.ObjectiveTo identify and estimate the burden of highly prevalent combinations of chronic conditions that are treated among one million or more adults in the United States.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of U.S. households in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2016–2019, a large nationally-representative sample of the community-dwelling population. Association rule mining was used to identify the most common combinations of 20 chronic conditions that have high relevance, impact, and prevalence in primary care. The main measures and outcomes were annual treated prevalence, total medical expenditures, and perceived poor health. Logistic regression models with poor health as the outcome and each multimorbidity combination as the exposure were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFrequent pattern mining yielded 223 unique combinations of chronic disease, including 74 two-way (dyad), 115 three-way (triad), and 34 four-way combinations that are treated in one million or more U.S. adults. Hypertension-hyperlipidemia was the most common two-way combination occurring in 30.8 million adults. The combination of diabetes-arthritis-cardiovascular disease was associated with the highest median annual medical expenditures ($23,850, interquartile range: $11,593–$44,616), and the combination of diabetes-arthritis-asthma/COPD had the highest age-race-sex adjusted odds ratio of poor self-rated health (adjusted odd ratio: 6.9, 95%CI: 5.4–8.8).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that many multimorbidity combinations are highly prevalent among U.S. adults, yet most research and practice-guidelines remain single disease focused. Highly prevalent and burdensome multimorbidity combinations could be prioritized for evidence-based research on optimal prevention and treatment strategies.
Empowering American Indian and Alaska Native youth to lead measurement development of an indigenous adolescent wellbeing measure: A protocol paper
Authors: Quintana Sierra , Ivanich Jerreed D. , Pikok Kimberly , Nez Shanoa , Zepeda Zenetta 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAmerican Indian and Alaska Native youth research has rarely included young people from within these populations as co-designers. In addition to the lack of youth involvement, most findings focus on presenting statistics around disparity vs. focusing on this population's unique strengths and resiliency. The research design of this protocol aims to fill this gap in the current literature.MethodsTo address this discrepancy, a multipronged approach to youth and young adult participatory research was implemented. These prongs included a virtual gathering where the Nominal Group Technique was conducted and an assembly of a Youth Research Design Team. Lastly, the research team will implement a protocol developed by the Research Design Team. The Research Design Team plans to conduct qualitative interviews and distribute a web-based quantitative survey with a raffle as respondent compensation. This protocol is a preliminary phase to developing a wellbeing measure for AIAN youth.DiscussionHaving an operationalized definition of wellness from AIAN youth will fill a gap in the current body of research with optimism that this will lead to additional studies exploring the AIAN youth voice.
Near-ultraviolet continuum modeling of the 1985 April 12 great flare of AD Leo
Authors: Kowalski Adam F. 
Published: November 2022

White-light stellar flares are now reported by the thousands in long-baseline, high-precision, broad-band photometry from missions like Kepler, K2, and TESS. These observations are crucial inputs for assessments of biosignatures in exoplanetary atmospheres and surface ultraviolet radiation dosages for habitable-zone planets around low-mass stars. A limitation of these assessments, however, is the lack of near-ultraviolet spectral observations of stellar flares. To motivate further empirical investigation, we use a grid of radiative-hydrodynamic simulations with an updated treatment of the pressure broadening of hydrogen lines to predict the λ ≈ 1800 − 3300 Å continuum flux during the rise and peak phases of a well-studied superflare from the dM3e star AD Leo. These predictions are based on semi-empirical superpositions of radiative flux spectra consisting of a high-flux electron beam simulation with a large, low-energy cutoff (≳ 85 keV) and a lower-flux electron beam simulation with a smaller, low-energy cutoff (≲ 40 keV). The two-component models comprehensively explain the hydrogen Balmer line broadening, the optical continuum color temperature, the Balmer jump strength, and the far-ultraviolet continuum strength and shape in the rise/peak phase of this flare. We use spatially resolved analyses of solar flare data from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, combined with the results of previous radiative-hydrodynamic modeling of the 2014 March 29 X1 solar flare (SOL20140329T17:48), to interpret the two-component electron beam model as representing the spatial superposition of bright kernels and fainter ribbons over a larger area.
Comparison of the morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament and related bony structures between pigs and humans
Authors: Shi Qinyi , Wang Huizhi , He Kaixin , Tao Mingzhu , Cheng Cheng-Kung 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPigs are widely used for clinical research on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) because of the similarity of the knee structure to the human knee. But evidence to support the suitability of using porcine samples to guide clinical practices is limited. This study aims to explore the qualitative and quantitative morphological features of the porcine knee and ACL, and to compare these with data on humans reported in literature.MethodsNineteen porcine knees were used for this study. The bone structures were measured on coronal X-ray images. The length of the ACL was measured using a caliper. The ACL bone insertion sites were marked and measured on a digital photograph. The lengths of the long and short axis of the ACL isthmus were measured on the X-ray microscopy reconstructed images. The outcomes were compared with previously reported data on humans using an abstract independent-samples T test.ResultsQualitative observation indicated a similar location, orientation and general morphology of the porcine ACL to human ACLs. The major difference was the location of the ACL tibial insertion with respect to the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus (AHLM). The porcine ACL was split into AM and PL bundles by the AHLM, while the AHLM was adjacent to the anterolateral border of the ACL tibial insertion in human knees. The quantitative comparison showed no significant difference between the human and porcine ACL in terms of the length of the ACL, the width of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau, and the tibial interspinal width. However, the CSA, the lengths of the long and short axis of the ACL isthmus, and the femoral and tibial insertion areas of the porcine ACL were all significantly larger than the reported features in human knees.ConclusionThe location, orientation and basic morphology of the porcine ACL and knee are similar to humans. However, the two-bundle structure is more distinct in a porcine ACL, and the dimensions of the porcine ACL are generally larger. This study may provide useful information to researchers when assessing the feasibility and limitations of using porcine samples for research on the human ACL and knee.
Brachiaria humidicola Cultivation Enhances Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Tropical Grassland by Promoting the Denitrification Potential: A 15N Tracing Study
Authors: Xie Lu , Liu Deyan , Müller Christoph , Jansen-Willems Anne , Chen Zengming , Niu Yuhui , Zaman Mohammad , Meng Lei , Ding Weixin 
Published: November 2022

Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in the tropical grass Brachiaria humidicola could reduce net nitrification rates and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in soil. To determine the effect on gross nitrogen (N) transformation processes and N2O emissions, an incubation experiment was carried out using 15N tracing of soil samples collected following 2 years of cultivation with high-BNI Brachiaria and native non-BNI grass Eremochloa ophiuroide. Brachiaria enhanced the soil ammonium (NH4+) supply by increasing gross mineralization of recalcitrant organic N and the net release of soil-adsorbed NH4+, while reducing the NH4+ immobilization rate. Compared with Eremochloa, Brachiaria decreased soil gross nitrification by 37.5% and N2O production via autotrophic nitrification by 14.7%. In contrast, Brachiaria cultivation significantly increased soil N2O emissions from 90.42 μg N2O-N kg−1 under Eremochloa cultivation to 144.31 μg N2O-N kg−1 during the 16-day incubation (p < 0.05). This was primarily due to a 59.6% increase in N2O production during denitrification via enhanced soil organic C, notably labile organic C, which exceeded the mitigated N2O production rate during nitrification. The contribution of denitrification to emitted N2O also increased from 9.7% under Eremochloa cultivation to 47.1% in the Brachiaria soil. These findings confirmed that Brachiaria reduces soil gross nitrification and N2O production via autotrophic nitrification while efficiently stimulating denitrification, thereby increasing soil N2O emissions.
Characterization of Ionic Transport in Li2O-(Mn:Fe)2O3-P2O5 Glasses for Li Batteries
Authors: Rim Young-Hoon , Baek Chang-Gyu , Yang Yong-Suk 
Published: November 2022

We present a systematic study of the lithium-ion transport upon the mixed manganese-iron oxide phosphate glasses 3Li2O-xMn2O3-(2-x)Fe2O3-3P2O5(LMxF2−xPO; 0≤ x ≤2.0) proposed for the use in a cathode for lithium secondary batteries. The glasses have been fabricated using a solid reaction process. The electrical characteristics of the glass samples have been characterized by electrical impedance in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 30 MHz and temperature from 30 °C to 240 °C. Differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the thermal and structural properties. It has been observed that the dc conductivity decreases, but the activation energies of dc and ac and the glass-forming ability increase with the increasing Mn2O3 content in LMxF2−xPO glasses. The process of the ionic conduction and the relaxation in LMxF2−xPO glasses are determined by using power–law, Cole–Cole, and modulus methods. The Li+ ions migrate via the conduction pathway of the non-bridging oxygen formed by the depolymerization of the mixed iron–manganese–phosphate network structure. The mixed iron–manganese content in the LMxF2−xPO glasses constructs the sites with different depths of the potential well, leading to low ionic conductivity.