bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent metastasis risk factors in esophageal cancer after salvage endoscopic resection for local failure following chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yamashita Hiroki , Nakajo Keiichiro , Takashima Kenji , Murano Tatsuro , Kadota Tomohiro , Sinmura Kensuke , Yoda Yusuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Fujii Satoshi , Yano Tomonori 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesAlthough salvage endoscopic resection is an optimal treatment for local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, recurrent metastasis (lymph node and/or distant metastasis) after salvage endoscopic resection may occur with a certain degree of unavoidable frequency and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the risk factors for recurrent metastasis are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for recurrent metastasis after salvage endoscopic resection.MethodsPatients who underwent salvage endoscopic resection for local failure after chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy were analyzed in this single‐center, retrospective study. We evaluated the cumulative incidence rates of recurrent metastases, overall survival, and the risk factors for recurrent metastasis after salvage endoscopic resection.ResultsWe analyzed 132 patients. The 5‐year cumulative incidence rate of recurrent metastases after salvage endoscopic resection was 25.7%. The 5‐year overall survival rates in all patients and in patients with recurrent metastasis were 66.8% and 22.5%, respectively. Local failure pattern with a residual lesion after chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy (subdistribution hazard ratio 2.34; P = 0.012) and the presence of lymphatic invasion in salvage endoscopic resection specimen (subdistribution hazard ratio 3.20; P = 0.002) were significant risk factors for recurrent metastasis.ConclusionsPatients with local failure pattern with a residual lesion after chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy and presence of lymphatic invasion have a high risk for recurrent metastasis. Thus, appropriate surveillance for these patients should be considered.
Effect of mold enclosure and chisel design on fatigue bond strength of dental adhesive systems
Authors: Barkmeier Wayne W. , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Latta Mark A. , Takamizawa Toshiki , Radniecki Scott M. , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo examine the effect of mold enclosure and chisel design on macro shear fatigue bond strengths of dental adhesive systems. The fatigue bond strength testing was conducted with two commercially available dental adhesive systems, (1) OptiBond eXTRa and (2) Scotchbond Universal, for bonding a resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra) to both enamel and dentin using a mold enclosure and a non‐mold enclosure with a knife‐edge and two sized notched‐edge chisel assemblies for loading. As a loading reference for the fatigue testing, macro shear bond strengths of the adhesive systems to enamel and dentin were conducted using a mold enclosure and a knife‐edge chisel assembly. The shear bond strengths with the mold enclosure using knife‐edge chisel assembly did not exhibit a significant difference between the adhesive systems for either enamel or dentin. The fatigue bond strengths of bonded specimens demonstrated significant differences when comparing the mold enclosure and non‐mold enclosure, but not between knife‐edge and notched‐edge chisel assemblies. The fatigue bond strengths of dental adhesive systems demonstrated significantly higher values when using mold‐enclosed bonded specimens than a non‐mold enclosure, regardless of type of chisel assembly.
Occupational stigma among further education teaching staff in hair and beauty: Mild but challenging
Authors: Harness Oonagh M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article explores how Further Education (FE) lecturers and trainers manage a mild stigma that socially taints their work through a discourse intersecting gender and class. To frame their experiences, I draw upon identity work tactics established within the dirty work literature. Through an interview and observational study, the potency of cultural imagery and discourse is shown to manifest as a stigma. This stigma differentiates those associated with hair and beauty work by imposing discrediting tropes pertaining to skill, class status, and social value. Lecturers and trainers become tainted by proxy through the association with an industry and interaction with bodies that are discredited through a gender‐class discourse. Through close proximal positioning to a tainted subject matter, FE lecturers and trainers rely upon esteem‐enhancing strategies to minimize discrediting assumptions. The students they teach may embody stigma through tainted attributes that signal working‐class femininity, yet they enable FE lecturers and trainers to minimize taint by drawing from an alternate discourse that celebrates upward cultural mobility and a more refined iteration of femininity. By broadening the landscape of stigma to recognize it as milder than its extreme theorization in dirty work, this article explores discourse and representation as a centralizing source of stigma.
Y2O3:Eu3+@SiO2 nanocomposites as a convertor for a broadband solar‐blind UV photodetector
Authors: Jia Hong , Zhang Xian , Feng Zhenyi , Zhao Xuefei , Zhu Yibing , Fan Yidan , Pan Jinping , Ding Chaoliang , Zhang Zhiling , Xu Xiaoyun , Cao Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCore–shell nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention in the photoelectric field because of their improved material properties and the combination of multiple functions. Particularly, these nanocomposites exhibit tunable structure and excellent optical properties. Inspired by these unique features, a novel optically active nanocomposites, Y2O3:Eu3+@SiO2 with a core–shell structure, is designed and fabricated by a hydrothermal method and electrophoretic deposition. In addition, the Y2O3:Eu3+@SiO2 composite film is also successfully developed and applied as a spectral down‐converter in the solar‐blind ultraviolet (UV) waveband region of 200–280 nm. Moreover, a broadband solar‐blind UV photodetector device is elaborated and a notable enhancement in the UV sensitivity is achieved. The findings not only provide a new idea for the development of broadband solar‐blind UV photodetector but also extended the application range of core–shell nanocomposites in photonics.
Microstructure evolution in Si+ion irradiated and annealed Ti3SiC2MAX phase
Authors: Ye Chao , Chang Qing , Lei Penghui , Dong Wenhui , Peng Qing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTi3SiC2samples were irradiated by a 6‐MeV Si+ion to a fluence of 2 1016Si+ions/cm2at 300°C followed by annealing at 900°C for 5 h. A transmission electron microscope was used to characterize microstructural evolution. The phase of Ti3SiC2transformed from the hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) to a face‐centered cubic structure after irradiation. Hexagonal screw dislocation networks were identified at the deepest position of the irradiated area, which are the products of dislocations reactions. After annealing, the irradiated region has reverted to the original HCP structure. High‐density cavities and stacking faults were formed along the basal planes. In addition, ripplocations have been observed in the irradiated region in the Ti3SiC2sample after annealing. Our insights into the formation processes and corresponding mechanisms of these defect structures might be helpful in the material design of advanced irradiation tolerance materials.
Mrada3 is required for sexual reproduction and secondary metabolite production in industrial fungi Monascus strain
Authors: Gao Jing , Song Cuina , Zhang Jing , Hu Yifan , Shao Yanchun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Monascus spp. are valuable industrial fungi for producing beneficial compounds. Because sporulation is often coupled with the production of secondary metabolites, the current study was performed to investigate how Mrada3 regulated asexual and sexual development and the production of edible pigments and mycotoxin.

Methods and Results
The functional characteristics of Mrada3 were identified by gene deletion and overexpression in Monascus ruber M7 (the wild-type, WT). The results revealed that the ΔMrada3 strain aborted sexual development, but it produced many more conidia than WT. RNA-seq data showed that the deletion of Mrada3 altered the expression levels of partial genes involved in sexual and asexual development. In addition, the deletion of Mrada3 also resulted in slower growth, lower pigment production and increased citrinin yield during the late period. For the Mrada3-overexpressed strain, the number of ascospores and pigment content were significantly higher than those of WT, but citrinin was slightly lower than that of WT.

Conclusions
The Mrada3 gene plays a vital role in the sporulation development and secondary metabolism of Monascus species.

Significance and impact of the study
Mrada3 is first identified as an essential regulator for sexual development in Monascus species, enriching the regulatory knowledge of sexual development in filamentous fungi.
White wine grape pomace as a suitable carbon source for lipid and carotenoid production by fructophilic Rhodorotula babjevae
Authors: Pedras Bruno M. , Gonçalves Carla , Figueira Diogo R. , Simões Pedro , Gonçalves Paula , Paiva Alexandre , Barreiros Susana , Salema-Oom Madalena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
We aim to explore the non-structural sugars from white wine grape pomace (WWGP) as the input carbon source for the co-production of multiple high-value products by the non-fastidious yeast Rhodotorula babjevae to create a sustainable and economically appealing process.

Methods and Results
Water extraction of unfermented, soluble sugars from WWGP yielded extracts with similar amounts of glucose and fructose, which were used to prepare a growth medium. Rhodorotula babjevae multiplied as fast on WWGP-based medium as on a reference medium but achieved higher cell dry weight (CDW) and lower intracellular triacylglycerol accumulation (22.5% vs. 28.6%) in WWGP-based medium. In addition, R. babjevae produced mannitol and arabitol and carotenoids and secreted polyol esters of fatty acids, a rare type of glycolipid as confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. Remarkably, R. babjevae consumed simultaneously both fructose and glucose when on WWGP-based medium and left glucose practically untouched in the reference medium, evidencing a fructophilic character.

Conclusions
Rhodorotula babjevae, a metabolic versatile yeast, proliferated on a minimally processed extract and successfully converted glucose and fructose into high-value products.

Significance and Impact of Study
Different chemicals with market potential can be produced through the valorization of abundant waste feedstocks generated by the wine industry to which R. babjevae can contribute.
Systematic review of electrophysiology procedures in patients with obstruction of the inferior vena cava
Authors: Al‐Sinan Ali , Chan Kim H. , Young Glenn D. , Martin Andrew , Sepahpour Ali , Sy Raymond W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThe objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review to describe and compare the different approaches for performing cardiac electrophysiology (EP) procedures in patients with interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) or equivalent entities causing IVC obstruction.MethodsWe conducted a structured search to identify manuscripts reporting EP procedures with interrupted IVC or IVC obstruction of any aetiology published up until August 2020. No restrictions were applied in the search strategy. We also included seven local cases that met inclusion criteria.ResultsThe analysis included 142 patients (mean age 48.9 years; 48% female) undergoing 143 procedures. Obstruction of the IVC was not known before the index procedure in 54% of patients. Congenital interruption of IVC was the most frequent cause (80%); and, associated congenital heart disease (CHD) was observed in 43% of patients in this setting. The superior approach for ablation was the most frequently used strategy (52%), followed by inferior approach via the azygos or hemiazygos vein (24%), transhepatic approach (14%), and retroaortic approach (10%). Electroanatomical mapping (58%), use of long sheaths (41%), intracardiac echocardiography (19%), transesophageal echocardiography (15%) and remote controlled magnetic navigation (13%) were used as adjuncts to aid performance. Ablation was successful in 135 of 140 procedures in which outcomes were reported. Major complications were only reported in patients undergoing AF ablation, including two patients with pericardial effusion, one of whom required surgical repair, and another patient who died after inadvertent entry into an undiagnosed atrioesophageal fistula from a previous procedure.ConclusionThe superior approach is most frequent approach for performing EP procedures in the setting of obstructed IVC. Transhepatic approach is a feasible alternative, and may provide a “familiar approach” for transseptal access when it is required. Adjunctive use of long sheaths, intravascular echocardiography, electro‐anatomical mapping and remote magnetic navigation may be helpful, especially if there is associated complex CHD. With careful planning, EP procedures can usually be successfully performed with a low risk of complications.
The Larix kaempferi genome reveals new insights into wood properties
Authors: Sun Chao , Xie Yun‐Hui , Li Zhen , Liu Yan‐Jing , Sun Xiao‐Mei , Li Jing‐Jing , Quan Wei‐Peng , Zeng Qing‐Yin , Van de Peer Yves , Zhang Shou‐Gong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTHere, through single‐molecule real‐time sequencing, we present a high‐quality genome sequence of the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), a conifer species with great value for wood production and ecological afforestation. The assembled genome is 10.97 Gb in size, harboring 45,828 protein‐coding genes. Of the genome, 66.8% consists of repeat sequences, of which long terminal repeat retrotransposons are dominant and make up 69.86%. We find that tandem duplications have been responsible for the expansion of genes involved in transcriptional regulation and stress responses, unveiling their crucial roles in adaptive evolution. Population transcriptome analysis reveals that lignin content in L. kaempferi is mainly determined by the process of monolignol polymerization. The expression values of six genes (LkCOMT7, LkCOMT8, LkLAC23, LkLAC102, LkPRX148, and LkPRX166) have significantly positive correlations with lignin content. These results indicated that the increased expression of these six genes might be responsible for the high lignin content of the larches' wood. Overall, this study provides new genome resources for investigating the evolution and biological function of conifer trees, and also offers new insights into wood properties of larches.
Dietary supplementations modulate the physiological parameters, fatty acids profile and the growth of red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)
Authors: Shehata Akram Ismael , Alhoshy Mayada , Wang Tao , Mohsin Muhammad , Wang Jianfeng , Wang Xuexi , Han Tao , Wang Yilei , Zhang Ziping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn optimal diet is an important factor for the proper growth and health of crustaceans. However, the regulation of antioxidant activity and non‐specific immunity related to the consumption of feed additives has not been studied in RC‐crayfish. Triplicate groups of 20 crayfish/tank (36.72 ± 0.70 g) fed with a basal diet and sixteen experimental diets that contained five feed additives with four grade levels (40, 160, 240 and 320 mg/kg vitamin E, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg nucleotides, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg Haematococcus pluvialis, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg arachidonic acid and 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg yeast extract) on physiological parameters, fatty acids profile and growth of Cherax quadricarinatus for a period of 70 days by using orthogonal array method (L16 45). The results showed that the antioxidants activity in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas were both higher in crayfish fed with diets NO. 9 to 12 than others. Also, all the diets except diets NO. 13 to 16 showed lower free radicals contents than the control group. Similarly, significantly higher non‐specific immune parameters were observed in the hepatopancreas of crayfish supplementations than those fed a control diet. Biochemical parameters related to protein profile in haemolymph increased in diets NO. 9 to 12 and then decreased in control and diets NO. 13 to 16, while the highest biochemical parameters related to lipid profile except HDL‐c contents in haemolymph were observed in crayfish fed the control diet. Fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas, muscle and ovary of RC‐crayfish was significantly influenced by using the combination of Vit E, NT, H. pluvialis and YP compared to the control group. Compared to all treatments, RC‐crayfish fed with diets NO. 2 and 12 had significantly stimulated higher growth performance and feed utilisation. Overall, our results suggest that diets supplemented with Vit E level of 240 mg/kg, in combination with 8 g/kg NT, 4 g/kg, H. pluvialis, 5 g/kg ARA and 10 g/kg YP are the promising treatments to increase antioxidants activity, non‐specific immune response, fatty acids composition and growth of RC‐crayfish. However, high dietary supplementations level can reduce antioxidants activity, immunity and inhibit growth.
TOR inhibition primes immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato in a salicylic acid‐dependent manner
Authors: Marash Iftah , Leibman‐Markus Meirav , Gupta Rupali , Avni Adi , Bar Maya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAll organisms need to sense and process information about the availability of nutrients, energy status, and environmental cues to determine the best time for growth and development. The conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase has a central role in sensing and perceiving nutritional information. TOR connects environmental information about nutrient availability to developmental and metabolic processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Under favourable energy conditions, TOR is activated and promotes anabolic processes such as cell division, while suppressing catabolic processes. Conversely, when nutrients are limited or environmental stresses are present, TOR is inactivated, and catabolic processes are promoted. Given the central role of TOR in regulating metabolism, several previous works have examined whether TOR is wired to plant defence. To date, the mechanisms by which TOR influences plant defence are not entirely clear. Here, we addressed this question by testing the effect of inhibiting TOR on immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato. Examining which hormonal defence pathways are influenced by TOR, we show that tomato immune responses and disease resistance to several pathogens increase on TOR inhibition, and that TOR inhibition‐mediated resistance probably requires a functional salicylic acid, but not jasmonic acid, pathway. Our results support the notion that TOR is a master regulator of the development–defence switch in plants.
PERKing up our understanding of the proline‐rich extensin‐like receptor kinases, a forgotten plant receptor kinase family
Authors: Invernizzi Marie , Hanemian Mathieu , Keller Jean , Libourel Cyril , Roby Dominique 
Published: April 2022

SummaryProline‐rich extensin‐like receptor kinases (PERKs) are an important class of receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) containing an extracellular proline‐rich domain. While they are thought to be putative sensors of the cell wall integrity, there are very few reports on their biological functions in the plant, as compared with other RLKs. Several studies support a role for PERKs in plant growth and development, but their effect on the cell wall composition to regulate cell expansion is still lacking. Gene expression data suggest that they may intervene in response to environmental changes, in agreement with their subcellular localization. And there is growing evidence for PERKs as novel sensors of environmental stresses such as insects and viruses. However, little is known about their precise role in plant immunity and in the extracellular network of RLKs, as no PERK‐interacting RLK or any coreceptor has been identified as yet. Similarly, their signaling activities and downstream signaling components are just beginning to be deciphered, including Ca2+ fluxes, reactive oxygen species accumulation and phosphorylation events. Here we outline emerging roles for PERKs as novel sensors of environmental stresses, and we discuss how to better understand this overlooked class of receptor kinases via several avenues of research.
Urbanisation modulates the attractiveness of plant communities to pollinators by filtering for floral traits
Authors: Cabon Valentin , Kracht Alice , Seitz Birgit , Kowarik Ingo , von der Lippe Moritz , Buchholz Sascha 
Published: April 2022

Urbanisation is known to change biodiversity patterns and plant–animal interactions such as pollination – a key ecological process. Floral traits like colour, size or UV‐patterns are essential attractors for many pollinators. It is largely unknown, though, how the distribution of such floral traits within plant communities changes along an urbanisation gradient.This study aims to understand to which extent floral traits known to attract pollinators are filtered by urban environments. We used dry grassland, spanning a broad urbanisation gradient in the Berlin metropolitan area, Germany, as a model ecosystem and identified the distribution of plant traits related to bee‐perceived flower colours, UV reflection and flower size in 47 grassland patches. We analysed how these traits were related to abiotic and biotic factors at different spatial scales.The most influent predictor was an abiotic factor measured at the landscape scale: the proportion of impervious surface, found to be positively related to UV‐reflectance strength and floral UV patterns, but negatively to floral size diversity. At the local scale, abiotic factors showed an intermediary number of relationships. Temperature was negatively associated with the bee‐colour ‘green + UV‐green' and with flower size. The light environment was negatively related to the same bee‐colour and to floral size diversity. Biotic factors related to local pollinator communities were less important: species richness was negatively related to flower size, while proportion of bees to floral sizes diversity.This study shows that floral traits known to attract pollinators are mostly filtered by abiotic factors related to urbanisation (share of impervious surface) or the urban heat island (local temperature). Biotic factors related to local pollinator communities were less important. These results increase our functional understanding of plant–animal interactions in cities by illustrating how urban environments modulate the attractiveness of plant communities to pollinators by filtering for floral plant traits.
Measuring Pandemic and Lockdown Impacts on Wellbeing
Authors: Grimes Arthur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, New Zealand's official statistical agency (Stats NZ) moved quickly to supplement the quarterly Household Labour Force Survey with wellbeing measures from the General Social Survey. The first supplement (June 2020) began toward the end of a restrictive national lockdown. Subsequent quarterly surveys continued through a second lockdown for the Auckland region, enabling tests of regional lockdown impacts. Survey measures include questions on life satisfaction, health, income adequacy, social capital (trust), and loneliness. Published aggregated data indicate that life satisfaction, social capital, health, and financial wellbeing were each higher through the pandemic (in 2020) than prior to it, including for disadvantaged groups, but loneliness rose. Analysis of the individual‐level data, confined to the within‐pandemic period, however indicates that more restrictive lockdowns were associated both with reduced life satisfaction and greater loneliness, with differing impacts according to labor market and household status.