bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative N cycling despite high atmospheric deposition in early successional African tropical lowland forests
Authors: Makelele Isaac Ahanamungu , Bauters Marijn , Verheyen Kris , Barthel Matti , Six Johan , Rütting Tobias , Bodé Samuel , Ntaboba Landry Cizungu , Bazirake Basile Mujinya , Bosela Boyemba , Kimbesa Fabrice , Ewango Corneille , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAcross the tropics, the share of secondary versus primary forests is strongly increasing. The high rate of biomass accumulation during this secondary succession relies on the availability of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). Nitrogen primarily limits many young secondary forests in the tropics. However, recent studies have shown that forests of the Congo basin are subject to high inputs of atmospheric N deposition, potentially alleviating this N limitation in early succession. MethodsTo address this hypothesis, we assessed the N status along a successional gradient of secondary forests in the Congo basin. In a set-up of 18 plots implemented along six successional stages, we quantified year-round N deposition, N leaching, N2O emission and the N flux of litterfall and fine root assimilation. Additionally, we determined the N content and C:N stoichiometry for canopy leaves, fine roots, and litter, as well as δ15N of canopy leaves. ResultsWe confirmed that these forests receive high amounts of atmospheric N deposition, with an increasing deposition as forest succession proceeds. Additionally, we noted lower C:N ratios, and higher N leaching losses, N2O emission, and foliar δ15N in older secondary forest (60 years). In contrast, higher foliar, litter and root C:N ratios, and lower foliar δ15N, N leaching, and N2O emission in young (< 20 years) secondary forest were observed. ConclusionsAltogether, we show that despite high N deposition, this early forest succession still shows conservative N cycling characteristics, which are likely indicating N limitation early on in secondary forest succession.
Xantho-Granulomatous Hypophysitis: Analysis Of Clinical, Biochemical, Radiological And Etiological Characteristics
Authors: Miljic Dragana , Pekic Sandra , Doknic Mirjana , Stojanovic Marko , Ilic Sasa , Djurovic Marina Nikolic , Jemuovic Zvezdana , Milojevic Toplica , Milicevic Mihailo , Gacic Emilija Manojlovic , Jovanovic Jovan , Radic Nevena , Medenica Sanja , Petakov Milan , Grujicic Danica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Xanthogranulomas (XG) are chronic inflammatory lesions caused by accumulation of lipid laden macrophages with granuloma formation, usually secondary to hemorrhage, infarction or necrosis upon existing neoplasm or cyst. Primary sellar xanthogranulomas are rare and may represent a stage in xanthomatous hypophysitis (XH) evolution.Aim: To analyze clinical presentation, hormonal, radiological and histological features of patients diagnosed with pituitary xanthomatous and xhantogranulomatous lesions in a tertiary clinical center. Material and methods: Data collected from electronic medical histories of patients diagnosed with xanthomatous hypophysistis (XH) and xanthogranulomatous (XG) lesions after pituitary surgery at University Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade were analyzed in retrospective manner (2015-2021).Results: Cohort included three pediatric and eleven adult patients (9 male and 5 female), average age 14.6±4.7 years in the pediatric, and 55.3±14.4 years in the adult subgroup. At presentation panhypopituitarism was diagnosed in 8 (57.1%) (7 male, 1 female), hyperprolactinemia in 3 (21.4%) patients, polyuria-polydipsia in only one patient (7.1%). Nine patients (64.3%) presented with headache, 5 (37.5%) with neuro-ophthalmic disorders, 3 (21.4%) with neurological symptoms. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions were described as cystic in 3 (21.4 %) or predominantly solid in 11 (78.6%) patients. Secondary forms were associated with Ratke's cleft cyst (RCC) in 3 (21.4%) and pituitary adenoma (PA) in 6 (42.8%) cases. “Pure” sellar XG, independent of preexisting lesions, were found in 5 (35.7%) exclusively male patients. Only one patient was diagnosed with XH, majority with pituitary XG.Conclusion: Our cohort was unique for male preponderance and high prevalence of panhypopituitarism in male patients. XG pituitary lesions were more common than XH. PA followed by RCC were the leading causes of secondary XG lesions. Majority of patients presented with predominantly solid lesions on MRI. The most frequent presenting symptoms were headache and hypopituitarism, followed by neuro-ophtalmic deficits. Polyuria-polydipsia and neurological symptoms were rare at presentation.
A color image encryption algorithm with a novel coupled chaotic system and 3D-DCT
Authors: Wen Yan , Su jingming , Hong Yan , Gong Pingshun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the security of image transmission and reduce the complexity of encryption algorithm, an efficient color image encryption algorithm is developed based on 3D-DCT and coupled chaotic system. Firstly, the plain color image is decomposed into three grayscale plain images, which are transformed by DCT to obtain the corresponding frequency coefficient matrices. Then, the novel 2-D chaotic system is designed and used to generate the embedded matrices, which is implanted to the frequency coefficient matrices and forms the embedded frequency coefficient matrices. And then, the embedded matrices were scrambled and encrypted by Diagonal scrambling method and the encryption matrix generated by the 2-D chaotic system respectively, which resulted in the production of the ultimate color cipher image. In order to meet the requirement of the era of big data, the hash function SHA-256 is introduced to generate the key of encryption algorithm. This scheme is thoroughly validated on different sized plain-images with modern statistical analyses to prove the security and sensitivity. Eventually, compared with other schemes further demonstrates its competence and superiority in robustness and anti-interference.
Disentangling leaf-microbiome interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana by network mapping
Authors: Li Kaihang , Cheng Kexin , Wang Haochen , Zhang Qi , Yang Yan , Jin Yi , HE Xiaoqing , Wu Rongling 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The leaf microbiota plays a key role in plant development, but a detailed mechanism of microbe-plant relationships remains elusive. Many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have begun to map leaf microbes, but few has systematically characterized the genetics of how microbes act and interact. Previously, we integrated behavioral ecology and game theory to define four types of microbial interactions – mutualism, antagonism, aggression, and altruism, in a microbial community assembly.
Results
Here, we apply network mapping to identify specific plant genes that mediate the topological architecture of microbial networks. Analyzing leaf microbiome data from an Arabidopsis GWAS, we identify several heritable hub microbes for leaf microbial communities and detect 140–728 SNPs responsible for emergent properties of microbial network. We reconstruct Bayesian genetic networks from which to identify 22–43 hub genes found to code molecular pathways related to leaf growth, abiotic stress responses, disease resistance and nutrition uptake. A further path analysis visualizes how genetic variants of Arabidopsis affect its fecundity through the internal workings of the leaf microbiome. We find that microbial networks and their genetic control vary along spatiotemporal gradients. Our study provides a new avenue to reveal the “endophenotype” role of microbial networks in linking genotype to end-point phenotypes in plants.
Conclusions
Our integrative theory model provides a powerful tool to understand the mechanistic basis of structural-functional relationships within the leaf microbiome and supports the need for future research on plant breeding and synthetic microbial consortia with a specific function.
Incidence And Predictors For Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis Progression After Spine Surgery
Authors: Wang Yu , Lin Jiajin , Yan Xin , Wang Jing , Zhu Minyu , Wang Jianhong , Teng Honglin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) progression after spine surgery and identify the risk factors which predict DVT progression. Methods: 204 patients with preoperative DVT underwent spine surgery were included in this study (50 cases of DVT progression postoperatively while 154 cases of no progression). Extensional demographic data, biochemical analyses data and surgery associated data of these patients were recorded and compared between DVT progression group and no progression group. Multivariate analysis was adopted to identify the predictors of DVT progression after spine surgery. Results: The incidence of DVT progression after spine surgery was 24.5%. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) was detected in 0.98% of cases but not life-threatening. Comparing with no progression group, the DVT progression group has significantly higher percentage of high energy trauma, higher preoperative D-dimer level, more blood loss, higher percentage of intraoperative blood transfusion and longer operating time. D-dimer ≥ 1.605 mg/L and operating time ≥ 175 min were significantly associated with DVT progression after spine surgery based on the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: For the patients with DVT before spine surgery, the incidence of DVT progression after surgery is not low. It is still safe for these patients receiving spine surgery when postoperative anticoagulant treatment and DVT surveillance with ultrasonography can be timely applied. Preoperative D-dimer ≥ 1.605 mg/L and operating time ≥ 175 min are predictors for DVT progression after spine surgery.
Metabolite Changes in Vitis Vinifera (L.) cv Garganega Leaves and Berries After 501 Biodynamic Treatment
Authors: Malagoli Mario , Sut Stefania , Kumar Gourav , Dall’Acqua Stefano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a need for new approaches in agriculture to improve safety of final products as well as to increase environmental acceptability. In this paper, the biodynamic preparation 501 (horn-silica) was sprayed on Vitis vinifera (L.) cv Garganega plants in two vineyards located in Veneto region, North-East Italy. Leaf samples were collected on the day of 501-treatment and 11 days later, and berries were sampled at harvest time. Leaves and berries samples were analysed combining targeted and untargeted measurements related to primary metabolism (pigment, element and amino-acid contents) and to secondary metabolism. Chlorophyll content in leaves, and amino-acid and element (C,N,S) analysis in berries were combined with untargeted UPLC-QTOF metabolomics.
Results
The discriminant compounds related to the 501-treatment were annotated on the basis of accurate MS and fragmentation and were identified as secondary metabolites, namely phenolic constituents belonging to the shikimate pathway. The level of most of the identified compounds increased in plants treated with 501 preparation.
Conclusions
Results highlight the prominent value of the metabolomic approach to elucidate the role of the 501 applications on grapevine secondary metabolism.
Changes in Electronic and Optical characteristics of Halogen - Alkali adsorbed WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Tyagi Mohit , Choudhary Sudhanshu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adsorbing halogen and alkali metals atoms modify the optical and electrical characteristics of WSe2 monolayer (2D). The electrical and optical characteristics of the Wse2 monolayer, alkali and halogen atoms adsorbed WSe2 structures are investigated through density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The pristine WSe2 monolayer has insignificant absorption in the infrared and most parts of the visible region, and substantial absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) region (λ < 410 nm) as well as in a small section of the visible spectrum. The absorption coefficient of alkali-halogen adsorbed structures of WSe2 seems to expand with wavelength, and absorption peaks move towards the higher energy region of the optical spectrum, resulting in red-shift effect. Significant absorption is observed in the entire visible spectrum (~410 to 780 nm) for both alkali and halogen adsorbed WSe2 nanostructures. The chlorine, bromine, and iodine adsorbed WSe2 structure shows larger absorption in the entire visible region among all other adsorbed structures. Presence of absorption peaks in the visible range of wavelengths rather than in the UV region, is beneficial for optoelectronic applications such as LEDs, CRTs, solar cells, and sensors. Trends in computed dielectric constant and refractive index values are also found to be compatible with trends in absorption coefficient values.
In vitro shoot regeneration from organogenic callus culture and rooting of Carpathian endemic Aconitum bucovinense Zapał.
Authors: Kocot Dawid , Nowak Barbara , Sitek Ewa , Starzyńska-Janiszewska Anna , Mitka Józef 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aconitum bucovinense Zapał. is the European species of monkshood, endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians. A protocol has been developed for the in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots by indirect organogenesis from leaf explants. An initiation of cultures carried out on a medium with picloram and kinetin allowed obtaining a callus. More than a 200% FM increase of the callus and at the same time differentiation of adventitious buds were obtained on IBA and BAP supplemented media. Excised buds were used to establish shoot cultures and multiplied after a transfer to nutrient media with an addition of BAP with IBA, IAA or NAA. Almost 70% of rooted shoots were obtained on a 1.5 mg L− 1 IBA and 1.0 mg L− 1 BAP supplemented medium with simultaneous efficient multiplication. An analysis of peroxidase activity revealed its gradual increase in shoots until the appearance of roots. For the first time, an efficient way to regenerate, multiply and root A. bucovinense shoots has been developed and can be used for ex situ conservation of this species.
Comparison Between Mono- And Bi-Cortical Pins Of Unilateral-Uniplanar External Fixator In Tibial Diaphyseal Fracture Healing: Numerical Investigations
Authors: Bayat Targol , Mohandes Yousof , Tahani Masoud , Tahami Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: This comparative study simulates bone healing outcomes around tibial diaphyseal fractures under unilateral uniplanar external fixators and compares mono-cortical pins and bi-cortical ones for fixation.Methods: Eight finite element models of the fractured tibia-fixator constructs with 1 to 4 mono- or bi-cortical pins per bone segment were designed. A proven mechano-regulation algorithm was applied to the callus at the early stages of healing. Tissue differentiation was predicted, and axial stiffness was obtained to evaluate the healing process. To validate the simulation, finite element analysis of the models was compared with in-vitro biomechanical study results, and the error was less than 5%.Results: The overall axial stiffness of the bone-fixator structure reached 885, 913, and 925 N/mm for the 4, 6, and 8 bi-cortical pins, respectively, which was very close to the results of mono-cortical pins (882, 893, and 916 N/mm). The average Young's modulus of callus elements for structures with both types of pins was about 4.4 MPa, which at the initial stage of healing resulted in all structures of fibrous callus. This result was consistent with all previous studies.Conclusions: The healing simulation outcome in this study suggested that fixtures with mono-cortical pins resulted in fewer devastating complications and can be used as an alternative to the ones with bi-cortical pins.
Imipramine and Olanzapine Block Apoe4-Catalyzed Polymerization of Aβ and Show Evidence of Improving Alzheimer’s Disease Cognition
Authors: Johnson Noah R. , Wang Athena C.-J. , Coughlan Christina , Sillau Stefan , Lucero Esteban , Viltz Lisa , Markham Neil , Allen Cody , Dhanasekaran A. Ranjitha , Chial Heidi J. , Potter Huntington 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele confers the strongest risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) besides age itself, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are debated. One hypothesis supported by evidence from multiple labs is that apoE4 binds to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and catalyzes its polymerization into neurotoxic oligomers and fibrils. Inhibiting this early step in the amyloid cascade may thereby reduce or prevent neurodegeneration and AD.MethodsUsing a design of experiments (DOE) approach, we developed a high-throughput assay to identify inhibitors of apoE4-catalyzed polymerization of Aβ into oligomers and fibrils. We used it to screen the NIH Clinical Collection of small molecule drugs tested previously in human clinical trials. We then evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the hit compounds in primary neuron models of apoE4-induced Aβ and phosphorylated tau aggregation. Finally, we performed retrospective analyses of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) clinical dataset, using Cox regression and Cox proportional hazards models to determine if the use of two FDA-approved hit compounds were associated with better cognitive scores (Mini-Mental State Exam), or improved AD clinical diagnosis, when compared with other medications of the same clinical indication.ResultsOur high-throughput screen identified eight blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable hit compounds that reduced apoE4-catalyzed Aβ oligomer and fibril formation in a dose-dependent manner. Five hit compounds were non-toxic towards cultured neurons and also reduced apoE4-promoted Aβ and tau neuropathology in a dose-dependent manner. Three of the five compounds were determined to be specific inhibitors of apoE4, whereas the other two compounds were Aβ or tau aggregation inhibitors. When prescribed to AD patients for their normal clinical indications, two of the apoE4 inhibitors, imipramine and olanzapine, but not other (non-hit) antipsychotic or antidepressant medications, were associated with improvements in cognition and clinical diagnosis, especially among APOE4 carriers.ConclusionsThe critical test of any proposed AD mechanism is whether it leads to effective treatments. Our high-throughput screen identified two promising FDA-approved drugs, imipramine and olanzapine, which have no structural, functional, or clinical similarities other than their shared ability to inhibit apoE4-catalyzed Aβ polymerization, thus identifying this mechanism as an essential contribution of apoE4 to AD.
Impact of Diabetes duration on Clinical outcome in Patients receiving Rotational Atherectomy from ROCK Registry : a multicenter, retrospective study.
Authors: JUNG JIN , Her Sung-Ho , Lee Kyusup , Jung Ji-Hoon , You Ki-Dong , Moon Keon-Woong , Moon Donggyu , Lee Su Nam , Jang Won Young , Choi Ik Jun , Lee Jae Hwan , Lee Jang Hoon , Lee Sang Rok , Lee Seung-Whan , Yun Kyeong Ho , Lee Hyun-Jong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: There are limited data regarding the clinical impact of diabetes duration for patients with heavy calcified coronary lesions. We sought to determine the clinical impact of diabetes duration on clinical outcomes in patients with heavily calcified lesions required rotational atherectomy (RA) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 540 diabetic patients (583 lesions) were enrolled between January 2010 and October 2019. Patients were classified into 3 subgroups: patients with no diabetes mellitus (non-DM), shorter duration of DM (S-DM), and longer duration of DM (L-DM), of which duration was divided at 10 years. The primary outcome was target-vessel failure (TVF), a composite outcome of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization.Results: During 18 months of follow-up-duration, diabetes duration was significantly associated with the primary outcome. The incidence rate of TVF, primary outcome, was significantly higher in the L-DM group compared with non-DM or S-DM groups (non-DM, 30 [12.0%] vs. S-DM, 9 [13.9%] vs. L-DM, 29 [21.6%]; p=0.039). Among secondary outcomes, any repeat revascularization was frequently observed in the L-DM compared with other groups (non-DM, 19 [7.6%] vs. S-DM, 6 [9.2%] vs. L-DM, 21 [15.7%]; p=0.042). In multivariate analysis, the risk of TVF and any RR was 1.9 times and 2.4 times higher in L-DM than in non-DM, respectively. Conclusions: This study was firstly demonstrated that the association between a longer DM duration and poor clinical outcomes in patients with severe calcified CAD after PCI. More careful monitoring for recurrence is needed during follow-up in those patients
Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery Following Surgery for Brain Metastases: A Single Australian Centre Experience and Literature Review.
Authors: Diaz Rodrigo , Hau Eric , Gebski Val , Nahar Najmun , Wang Tim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant multifractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) for patients with resected brain metastases (BM). Methods and MaterialsWe retrospectively assessed 54 patients with brain metastases who underwent surgery and postoperative SRS in a single institution between January 2016 and June 2021. All but one patient were treated with hypo fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HF-SRT) with doses ranging from 30 Gy in 5 fractions, 25 Gy in 5 fractions, or 27 Gy in 3 fractions. The primary outcome for this study was local control (LC) within the resection cavity. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), distant brain failure (DBF), leptomeningeal disease (LMD), and brain radionecrosis (RN). ResultsThe median follow-up was 14.9 months. Local control was 90.6% at 6 months and 82.1% at 12 months. The six and twelve-month estimates of DBF were 19.2% and 25.9%, respectively. Seven patients (12.9%) experienced both local and distant failures, including 2 cases with leptomeningeal disease. At the time of final analysis, median times to local failure, DBF and LMD were not reached. OS rates at 6 months and 12 months were 80.8% and 56.6%, respectively. RN was present in 4 cases (7.4%). ConclusionsThis single-institution retrospective study shows that postoperative HF-SRT in patients with BM seems to be associated with favourable outcomes for LC and relatively low-risk of RN.
The Effect Of A Sexual Abuse History On Symptoms And Anorectal Physiology Findings In Patients Presenting To A Colorectal Pelvic Floor Service
Authors: Hanna Mark , Bray Gerard , Ding Ye Chen , Srin Havish , Warwick Andrea , Gillespie Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Studies report that 12-23% of patients with functional anorectal disorders have a history of sexual abuse (SA). This paper aims to assess whether there is a difference in symptom severity, quality of life or anorectal physiology findings in female patients presenting to a colorectal pelvic floor service with and without a history of sexual abuse. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all female patients attending a single tertiary pelvic floor unit for faecal incontinence or constipation between 2017 and 2019 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of a volunteered history of sexual abuse. Validated quality of life and symptom severity scores, along with anorectal physiology studies were analysed and compared between the two groups.Results: There were 148 patients included in the study period and 17% reported a history of SA. There was no statistically significant difference in symptom severity, quality of life scores or anorectal physiology studies between those with and without a history of SA.Conclusion: In female patients seeking management for defaecatory symptoms, those who have reported a history of SA did not demonstrate any significant difference in symptom severity, quality of life or physiological measures when compared to those without a history of SA.