bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encounters and management of oral conditions at general medical practices in Australia
Authors: Cheng An-Lun , Eberhard Joerg , Gordon Julie , Balasubramanian Madhan , Willink Amber , Sohn Woosung , Dai Jennifer , Harrison Christopher 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Poor oral health has been widely recognised as an ongoing public health issue. Patients with oral conditions may visit either a general practitioner (GP) or a dental practitioner for management. The aims of this study are to report (i) the GP management rate of oral health conditions by patient and GP demographics, (ii) what specific oral conditions were managed, and (iii) how GPs managed oral conditions.

Methods
Data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health study (2006 to 2016 inclusive) were analysed. Descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals around point estimates were used to summarise data. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the independent effect of patient and GP characteristics.

Results
A total of 972,100 GP encounters were included in the dataset, with oral condition-related encounters managed at a rate of 1.19 oral conditions per 100 GP encounters. Patients who were aged 54 years or younger, resided in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area, came from a non-English speaking background or Indigenous background were more likely to have oral conditions managed by GPs. The most commonly reported oral conditions were dental and oral mucosa-related. Over 60% of oral conditions were managed by GPs through prescribed medications.

Conclusions
This study provided an overview of management of oral conditions by GPs in Australia. Patients from certain vulnerable demographic groups were more likely to attend a GP for management of oral conditions. Common oral conditions and management approaches were identified. The findings of this study contribute to public health and health policy discussions around optimising primary care provision in oral health.
Patient’s satisfaction in physiotherapy outpatient departments of Amhara regional comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Guadie Yisak Girma , Kibret Alemu Kassaw , Adem Kedir Sany , Yalew Ermias Solomon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Satisfaction is basically the state of being gratified and act of fulfilling one's need or desires. Nowadays, evidence-based practice concept is prevailing and there has been a growing interest in the measurement of patient satisfaction in healthcare research. Patient satisfaction surveys provide several benefits for healthcare professionals. Assessing patient’s satisfaction with physiotherapy service could generate knowledge that can utilized for improving or maintaining quality service. Although a wide coverage and high emphasis givens to patient satisfaction studies in developed counties, there are few research’s done in Africa. This study aimed to assess satisfaction in physiotherapy service and identify predictors that affect satisfaction among patient treated in physiotherapy outpatient department.

Objectives
To assess satisfaction in physiotherapy service and identify associated factors among patients in physiotherapy outpatient department in Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals.

Method
Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among physiotherapy outpatients from April to June 2021, at three selected Comprehensive specialized hospitals. Data were collected by interviewing participants using semi-structured questionnaire. Patient satisfaction was determined by using Medrisk tool. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression method were used to identify predictor factors.

Result
A total of 409 participants with a response rate of 95% were included in this study. The overall satisfaction among physiotherapy outpatient attendee was 50.1% with 95% CI (46.2–55.7). Pain level (AOR = 5.59 95%CI (2.58–12.1), longitudinal continuity of care (AOR = 3.02 95%CI (1.46–6.62) and self-rated health improvement (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI (1.78–7.94) were significantly associated factors.

Conclusion
The overall satisfaction in this study were found to be low in Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals. pain level, self-rated health improvement and longitudinal continuity of care were significantly associated factors.
Ethnicity should be included as a risk factor for coronary artery calcium score
Authors: Al-Sawalha Ibrahim , Alzoubi Dalia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoronary artery calcium score (CACs) is a measurement of calcification in coronary arteries using a computed tomography scan. It has a predictive role for future myocardial infarction thus it aids in cardiovascular risk assessment and physician decision making. Multiple risk factors have been attributed to coronary artery calcification including age, male gender and ethnicity. Herein, we report our concerns regarding neglecting ethnicity within participants demographics and data analysis, which may affect the findings of the study.
Deep learning for predicting refractive error from multiple photorefraction images
Authors: Xu Daoliang , Ding Shangshang , Zheng Tianli , Zhu Xingshuai , Gu Zhiheng , Ye Bin , Fu Weiwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Refractive error detection is a significant factor in preventing the development of myopia. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of refractive error detection, a refractive error detection network (REDNet) is proposed that combines the advantages of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network (RNN). It not only extracts the features of each image, but also fully utilizes the sequential relationship between images. In this article, we develop a system to predict the spherical power, cylindrical power, and spherical equivalent in multiple eccentric photorefraction images.
Approach
First, images of the pupil area are extracted from multiple eccentric photorefraction images; then, the features of each pupil image are extracted using the REDNet convolution layers. Finally, the features are fused by the recurrent layers in REDNet to predict the spherical power, cylindrical power, and spherical equivalent.

Results
The results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) values of the spherical power, cylindrical power, and spherical equivalent can reach 0.1740 D (diopters), 0.0702 D, and 0.1835 D, respectively.

Significance
This method demonstrates a much higher accuracy than those of current state-of-the-art deep-learning methods. Moreover, it is effective and practical.
The association between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure dysregulation: NHANES 2013–2014
Authors: Glover Frank , Eisenberg Michael L. , Belladelli Federico , Del Giudice Francesco , Chen Tony , Mulloy Evan , Caudle W. Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Organophosphate (OP) insecticides represent one of the largest classes of sprayed insecticides in the U.S., and their use has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including disorders of blood pressure regulation such as hypertension (HTN).

Methods
In a study of 935 adults from the NHANES 2013–2014 cycle, we examined the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes and urinary concentrations of three OP insecticides metabolites, including 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), oxypyrimidine, and para-nitrophenol. These metabolites correspond to the parent compounds chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and methyl parathion, respectively. Weighted, multivariable linear regression analysis while adjusting for potential confounders were used to model the relationship between OP metabolites and blood pressure. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the odds of HTN for quartile of metabolites.

Results
We observed significant, inverse association between TCPy on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.16, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.15, p < 0.001). Analysis with para-nitrophenol revealed a significant, positive association with systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.03, p = 0.02), and an inverse association with diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.09, p < 0.001). For oxypyrimidine, we observed significant, positive associations between systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.58, p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.31, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed significant interactions between TCPy and ethnicity on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 1.46, p = 0.0036). Significant interaction terms were observed between oxypyrimidine and ethnicity (β-estimate = -1.73, p < 0.001), as well as oxypyrimidine and BMI (β-estimate = 1.51 p < 0.001) on systolic blood pressure, and between oxypyrimidine and age (β-estimate = 1.96, p = 0.02), race (β-estimate = -3.81 p = 0.004), and BMI on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.72, p = 0.02). A significant interaction was observed between para-nitrophenol and BMI for systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.43, p = 0.01), and between para-nitrophenol and ethnicity on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 2.19, p = 0.006). Lastly, we observed a significant association between the odds of HTN and TCPy quartiles (OR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.43,0.99]).

Conclusion
Our findings support previous studies suggesting a role for organophosphate insecticides in the etiology of blood pressure dysregulation and HTN. Future studies are warranted to corroborate these findings, evaluate dose–response relationships between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure, determine clinical significance, and elucidate biological mechanisms underlying this association.
Apolipoprotein A5 ameliorates MCT induced pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting ER stress in a GRP78 dependent mechanism
Authors: Chen Jingyuan , Luo Jun , Qiu Haihua , Tang Yi , Yang Xiaojie , Chen Yusi , Li Zilu , Li Jiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, progressive lung vascular disease accompanied by elevated pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance, and it is characterized by increased pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) improves monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH and right heart failure; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we speculate that ApoA5 has a protective effect in pulmonary vessels and aim to evaluate the mechanism.

Methods
ApoA5 is overexpressed in an MCT-induced PAH animal model and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferating PASMCs. Lung vasculature remodeling was measured by immunostaining, and PASMC proliferation was determined by cell counting kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine incorporation assays. Coimmunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry was used to investigate the probable mechanism. Next, its role and mechanism were further verified by knockdown studies.

Results
ApoA5 level was decreased in MCT-induced PAH lung as well as PASMCs. Overexpression of ApoA5 could help to inhibit the remodeling of pulmonary artery smooth muscle. ApoA5 could inhibit PDGF-BB-induced PASMC proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum stress by increasing the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). After knocking down GRP78, the protecting effects of ApoA5 have been blocked.

Conclusion
ApoA5 ameliorates MCT-induced PAH by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in a GRP78 dependent mechanism.
Recombinant LH supplementation improves cumulative live birth rates in the GnRH antagonist protocol: a multicenter retrospective study using a propensity score-matching analysis
Authors: Wang Meng , Huang Rui , Liang Xiaoyan , Mao Yundong , Shi Wenhao , Li Qian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is critical in follicle growth and oocyte maturation. However, the value of recombinant LH (r-LH) supplementation to recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (r-FSH) during controlled ovarian stimulation in the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist regimen is controversial.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study recruited 899 GnRH antagonist cycles stimulated with r-LH and r-FSH in 3 reproductive centers and matched them to 2652 r-FSH stimulating cycles using propensity score matching (PSM) for potential confounders in a 1:3 ratio. The primary outcome was the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) per complete cycle.

Results
The baseline characteristics were comparable in the r-FSH/r-LH and r-FSH groups after PSM. The r-FSH/r-LH group achieved a higher CLBR than the r-FSH group (66.95% vs. 61.16%, p = 0.006). R-LH supplementation also resulted in a higher 2-pronuclear embryo rate, usable embryo rate, and live birth rate in both fresh embryo transfer cycles and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. No significant differences were found in the rate of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), or cycle cancellation rate in the prevention of OHSS.

Conclusions
R-LH supplementation to r-FSH in the GnRH antagonist protocol was significantly associated with a higher CLBR and live birth rate in fresh and FET cycles, and improved embryo quality without increasing the OHSS rate and cycle cancellation rate.
Selection and validation of chemotherapy beneficiaries among elderly nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): a large real-world study
Authors: Wu Yan-Ling , Yang Kai-Bin , Huang Ying , Shi Jing-Rong , He Qing-Shui , Chen Lei , Li Wen-Fei , Huang Xiao-Dan , Lin Li , Chen Yu-Pei , Mao Yan-Ping , Tang Ling-Long , Ma Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Using real-world evidence, this study aimed to identify elderly nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who would benefit from chemotherapy.

Methods and materials
1714 elderly NPC patients between April 2007 and December 2017 were identified. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to generate risk-stratified outcomes. Prognostic factors were performed for individual comparisons of different risk groups to assess chemotherapy benefits.

Results
The median follow-up was 59.3 (0.39–170.09) months. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA and T stage were included in the RPA-generated risk stratification, categorizing patients into a good-prognosis group (EBV DNA ≤ 4000 copies/mL & T1–2), and a poor-prognosis group (EBV DNA ≤ 4000 copies/mL & T3–4 and EBV DNA > 4000 copies/mL & any T). Overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in the good-prognosis group compared with the training set (HR = 0.309, 95% CI 0.184–0.517; P < 0.001), and validated in the testing set (HR = 0.276, 95% CI 0.113–0.670; P = 0.002). In the poor-prognosis group, a significantly improved OS for chemoradiotherapy (CRT) compared with RT alone was observed (HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.55–0.88; P = 0.003). Patients who received induction chemotherapy (IC) + concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and CCRT had a significantly improved OS compared with RT alone (IC + CCRT vs. RT alone: P = 0.002; CCRT vs. RT alone: P = 0.008) but not in the IC + RT group (P = 0.306). The 5-year OS for CRT versus RT-alone with ACE-27 scores of 0, 1 and 2 were 76.0% versus 70.0% (P = 0.014), 80.5% versus 68.2% (P = 0.150) and 58.5% versus 62.2% (P = 0.490), respectively; for those aged 60–64, 65–70 and ≥ 70 years old they were 80.9% versus 75.9% (P = 0.068), 73.3% versus 63.4% (P = 0.270) and 64.8% versus 67.1% (P = 0.820), respectively.

Conclusions
For elderly NPC patients a simple screening cutoff for chemotherapy beneficiaries might be EBV DNA < 4000 copies/ml & T3–4 and EBV DNA ≥ 4000 copies/ml & any T, but not for those > 70 years old and with an ACE-27 score > 1. IC + CCRT and CCRT were effective forms of chemotherapy.
The effect of osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic individuals’ T cell-derived exosomes on osteoblast cells’ bone remodeling related genes expression and alkaline phosphatase activity
Authors: Omidvar Mohammad Hasan , Soltani-Zangbar Mohammad Sadegh , Zamani Majid , Motavalli Roza , Jafarpoor Mehdi , Dolati Sanam , Ahmadi Majid , Mehdizadeh Amir , Khabbazi Alireza , Hajialilo Mehrzad , Yousefi Mehdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder attributed to age and is defined as a systematic degradation of bone mass and the microarchitecture leading to bone fractures. Exosomes have been reported in almost all biological fluids and during the failure of bone remodeling. 20 ml of blood samples were obtained from osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women. After the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T cells were separated via the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique. Exosomes were driven from T cells of non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic volunteers. Subsequently, normal osteoblasts were treated with obtained T cell exosomes to assess osteoblastic function and gene expression.

Results
Runx2, type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin expression decreased in osteoblasts treated by osteoporotic T cell exosomes. In contrast, an increased expression of the mentioned genes was observed following non-osteoporotic T cell exosome treatment. Additionally, osteoblast alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity treated with non-osteoporotic T cell exosomes increased. However, this activity decreased in another group. Our data demonstrated that T cell exosomes obtained from osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic individuals could alter the osteoblastic function and gene expression by affecting the genes essential for bone remodeling.
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Costello Fiona 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the cardinal clinical features, distinct immunopathology, current diagnostic criteria, relapse-related risk factors, emerging biomarkers, and evolving treatment strategies pertaining to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

RECENT FINDINGS
The discovery of the pathogenic aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG autoantibody and characterization of NMOSD as an autoimmune astrocytopathy have spearheaded the identification of key immunologic therapeutic targets in this disease, including but not limited to the complement system, the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor, and B cells. Accordingly, four recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of three new NMOSD therapies, namely eculizumab, satralizumab, and inebilizumab.

SUMMARY
Currently, NMOSD poses both diagnostic and treatment challenges. It is debated whether individuals who are seropositive for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG belong within the neuromyelitis optica spectrum. This discussion is fueled by disparities in treatment responses between patients who are AQP4-IgG seropositive and seronegative, suggesting different immunopathologic mechanisms may govern these conditions. As our understanding regarding the immune pathophysiology of NMOSD expands, emerging biomarkers, including serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), may facilitate earlier relapse detection and inform long-term treatment decisions. Future research focal points should include strategies to optimize relapse management, restorative treatments that augment neurologic recovery, and practical solutions that promote equitable access to approved therapies for all patients with NMOSD.
Dynamic Pricing with Demand Learning and Reference Effects
Authors: den Boer Arnoud V. , Keskin N. Bora 
Published: August 2022

We consider a seller’s dynamic pricing problem with demand learning and reference effects. We first study the case in which customers are loss-averse: they have a reference price that can vary over time, and the demand reduction when the selling price exceeds the reference price dominates the demand increase when the selling price falls behind the reference price by the same amount. Thus, the expected demand as a function of price has a time-varying “kink” and is not differentiable everywhere. The seller neither knows the underlying demand function nor observes the time-varying reference prices. In this setting, we design and analyze a policy that (i) changes the selling price very slowly to control the evolution of the reference price and (ii) gradually accumulates sales data to balance the trade-off between learning and earning. We prove that, under a variety of reference-price updating mechanisms, our policy is asymptotically optimal; that is, its T-period revenue loss relative to a clairvoyant who knows the demand function and the reference-price updating mechanism grows at the smallest possible rate in T. We also extend our analysis to the case of a fixed reference price and show how reference effects increase the complexity of dynamic pricing with demand learning in this case. Moreover, we study the case in which customers are gain-seeking and design asymptotically optimal policies for this case. Finally, we design and analyze an asymptotically optimal statistical test for detecting whether customers are loss-averse or gain-seeking. This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.
ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PENANDA NEGASI DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA PRANCIS DAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Arrasyid Noor Diana 
Published: August 2022

This study examines the peculiarities, similarities, and differences of negation patterns in French and Indonesian sentences. The data analyzed are declarative, interrogative, and negative imperative sentences taken from the Leipzig Corpora Collection. The analysis results found that there are similarities in the formation of negation markers in French “ne … jamais” and Indonesian negation markers “tidak pernah”. The equivalence also appears in the arrangement of negative imperative sentence markers, which are formulated with negative ne+adverbs pas+verb and jangan+verb. Regarding the differences, the negation marker in French is present in two mandatory components, while in Indonesian, it is marked with one marker. There is even more variety of negations in French. In Indonesian, there is a standard rule between the combination of negation markers and the type of predicate in a sentence, but French tends to be more accessible. The formation of past and passive negative sentences is also different. Finally, in negative imperative sentences in French, the verb that is negated must be conjugated according to the subject, but in Indonesian, this is not the case.
Dispelling the myths around the role of a general practice nurse
Authors: Butler Sarah 
Published: August 2022

There are many myths surrounding the general practice nurse role. Sarah Butler looks at these myths and clears up some of the misunderstandings that are often repeated In the UK there is a need to promote and increase the number of general practice nurses working in primary care. In comparison to their counterparts in secondary care, practice nurse numbers are significantly reduced. In recent years emphasis was placed on keeping individuals well and out of hospital and their conditions managed in primary care where possible. The role of the general practice nurse is still lesser known compared to the role of a staff nurse. Myths still remain around the general practice nurse position including those eligible to apply and the development that is offered.