bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic pollution can affect the emergence patterns of loggerhead turtle hatchlings
Authors: Sousa‐Guedes D. , Sillero N. , Bessa F. , Marco A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoastal urbanization, plastic pollution and climate change are increasingly affecting marine turtles' nesting habitats. In addition to facing risks of mortality due to saltwater inundation or predation, their eggs and hatchlings' might also be affected by plastic debris accumulation on beaches, but no studies to date have analysed such impact. To analyse whether plastic pollution on nests' surfaces affects the embryos' and hatchlings' survival odds, we designed a field experiment in a turtle hatchery on a nesting beach of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in Boa Vista Island (Cabo Verde). We applied three treatments with distinct plastic levels (18 nests per treatment): control (no added plastics), low density (64 plastic fragments with 24.5 g of plastic weight per nest) and high density (128 plastic fragments with 49.0 g of plastic weight per nest). Then, we tested 16 variables related to the incubation period, emergence period and hatchlings' fitness. Our results suggest that nests with high plastic density have a significantly lower probability of successful emergence. Moreover, plastics also affected the synchronized emergence of hatchlings, with more scattered and smaller emergent groups, which might increase the predation risk. Considering that turtle nesting habitats are becoming increasingly threatened, this additional threat might compromise the survival of turtle hatchlings on beaches.
Effect of forest areas configuration on the community of insectivorous bats in agroforestry landscapes
Authors: Vilches‐Piñones Karol I. , Matus‐Olivares Camilo , Catalán German , Lisón Fulgencio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Chile, many aspects of the ecology of bats and their distribution are unknown, despite their ecological and economic importance. This situation does not allow a correct implementation of conservation efforts even when they are legally recognized as beneficial animals for agriculture. Here, we studied the bats' activity and community in two agricultural landscape types (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) in a hotspot of biodiversity in the centre‐south of Chile. We monitored four transects of 10 km per landscape type with 10 listening points separated by 1 km. These transects were repeated 5 times, once per month. We evaluated the bats activity according to the forest cover type (native, mixed and plantations) and the isolated trees density. Our results showed that the heterogeneous landscape was dominated by T. brasiliensis while the homogeneous landscape was by Lasiurus spp. However, only the species T. brasiliensis was affected by the landscape type. In the heterogeneous landscape, only the forest cover variables had significance in the activity of the bat species, where Lasiurus spp. and M. chiloensis had a positive response for native and mixed forest, as well as Lasiurus spp. had a negative response for plantations. The density of isolated trees had a negative effect on the activity of T. brasiliensis and Lasiurus spp. in the homogeneous landscape type. Our results showed the importance of considering the forest elements in agroforestry landscape to conserve bat communities.
Oral sorbents for small, charged uremic toxins, and carbon block for regeneration of dialysate: Fourth down and long
Authors: Ash Stephen R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComplexities of sorbent regeneration of dialysate led me to look at other ways to use sorbents to remove uremic toxins. An oral sorbent containing cation and anion exchangers showed effective binding of potassium, phosphate, sodium, hydrogen, and ammonium (from urea) in vitro. Animal studies are ongoing. Carbon block columns can effectively bind organic and middle molecules toxins from the dialysate. Together, these two technologies have the potential to greatly simplify dialysis for end‐stage renal disease patients.
Women in community‐involved tourism enterprises: Experiences in the Philippines
Authors: Gutierrez Eylla Laire M. , Vafadari Kazem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe tourism industry has long been recognised for supporting women in achieving economic empowerment and social freedom through entrepreneurial and employment opportunities. Widely recognised as a women‐dominated sector, tourism is deemed to be a facilitator of women's development following the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As the existing literature suggests, women's involvement in tourism activities supports local economic growth and development, while facilitating social transformation that enables them to create their own identities. Despite these achievements, several studies noted the persisting issues women face in participating in tourism. With the goal of contributing to existing discourses, this paper aims to analyse their experiences in community entrepreneurship by examining several community‐involved tourism enterprises in the Philippines. The findings of this study reveal that women have been largely involved in tourism activities in that country, yet their experiences working in these enterprises vary. The opportunities and challenges identified in this study can serve as a springboard for further analysis of the experience of women working in the Philippine tourism industry.
Population pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous alemtuzumab in kidney transplantation
Authors: Zwart Tom C. , Bezstarosti Suzanne , Achini Federica R. , Reinders Marlies E. J. , Schilham Marco W. , Heidt Sebastiaan , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , de Fijter Johan W. , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. 
Published: November 2022

AimAlemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used as induction immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation. It targets CD52 on lymphocytes, inducing profound immune cell depletion upon administration. Owing to its off‐label status in kidney transplantation, its pharmacokinetic characteristics are largely unknown in this setting, and its current fixed dosing algorithm originates from other populations. We developed a population pharmacokinetic model for alemtuzumab in kidney transplant recipients and investigated the potential of personalized alemtuzumab therapy.MethodsIn total, 362 pharmacokinetic observations drawn 0‐165 days after transplantation were available from 61 adult kidney transplant recipients who received two consecutive doses of 15 mg alemtuzumab subcutaneously. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling and applied to simulate various dosing regimens.ResultsThe alemtuzumab concentration‐time data were best described by a two‐compartmental model with first‐order absorption and parallel first‐order and time‐varying concentration‐dependent elimination, with between‐subject variability on the first‐order elimination (39.6%) and central distribution volume (39.6%). Alemtuzumab pharmacokinetics varied with body size, rendering lighter individuals exposed to lympholytic alemtuzumab concentrations (>0.1 mg/L) for prolonged durations as compared to their heavier peers. This between‐subject variability could be reduced through lean bodyweight‐adjusted dosing, showing a twofold to threefold reduction in the slope of the median alemtuzumab exposure over the bodyweight range.ConclusionAlemtuzumab displays substantial pharmacokinetic variability in kidney transplant recipients, which may warrant a personalized treatment strategy. Lean bodyweight‐adjusted dosing poses an option for individualized dosing, but further evaluation of its potential clinical benefit is warranted.
When (if ever) may doctors discuss religion with their patients?
Authors: Notini Lauren , Oakley Justin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is ongoing debate within the bioethics literature regarding to what extent (if any) it is ethically justifiable for doctors to engage in religious discussion with their patients, in cases where patients cite religious considerations as influencing their medical decision‐making. In this paper, we concede that certain forms of religious discussion between doctors and patients are morally permissible (though not necessarily morally obligatory), insofar as patients’ religious beliefs may comprise an important part of their overall wellbeing and can influence their medical decisions. However, we argue that it is not morally permissible for doctors to engage in substantive religious discussion with their patients, beyond simply inquiring about the patient's values (which may include their religious values) or referring patients to a chaplain or religious figure for further discussion. In support of this claim, we put forward two key arguments which have remained relatively unaddressed in the current debate. First, we argue that it is not practical for doctors to engage in substantive religious discussion with patients, and hence it cannot be morally obligatory for them to do so. Second, we argue that, while doctors might have a professional duty to ensure that their patient's religious interests (if any) are addressed, this does not entail that doctors themselves are the ones who should directly address these interests. Along the way, we anticipate and respond to some possible objections to these two key arguments.
Utility of temporal self‐regulation theory in health and social behaviours: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dorina Indita , Mullan Barbara , Boyes Mark , Liddelow Caitlin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTemporal self‐regulation theory was developed to address an observed intention‐behaviour gap across behaviours. However, a synthesis of studies has not yet been conducted to investigate the theory's utility to explain behaviour and bridge the intention‐behaviour gap. This review aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of temporal self‐regulation theory to understanding behaviour and pre‐registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021253174).MethodForward citation searches on the original theory publication through Google Scholar until May 2021 identified 37 eligible articles, including, 12,555 participants assessing at least two of the three theory constructs. Random‐effects meta‐analyses assessed the strength of associations between theory constructs on behaviour and random effects meta‐regressions assessed moderators of behaviour.ResultsFindings provide support for temporal self‐regulation theory to explain behaviour with very weak (self‐regulatory capacity r = .039, CI = .00, –.07) to moderate (intention r = .331, CI = .26, .40; behavioural pre‐potency r = .379, CI = .32, .44) effect sizes. Further, the strength of associations varied across behaviour types and contexts. However, there was high heterogeneity across studies and some moderating effects could not be assessed due to insufficient numbers of studies assessing interactions.ConclusionsWe urge researchers to assess and report interactions for better understanding of the drivers of behaviour to develop effective interventions for positive behaviour change.
Motivational and self‐efficacy reciprocal effects during a 12‐month' weight regain prevention program
Authors: Palmeira António L. , Sánchez‐Oliva David , Encantado Jorge , Marques Marta M. , Santos Inês , Duarte Cristiana , Matos Marcela , Larsen Sofus C. , Horgan Graham , Teixeira Pedro J. , Heitmann Berit L. , Stubbs R. James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveWeight regain prevention is a critical public health challenge. Digital behaviour change interventions provide a scalable platform for applying and testing behaviour change theories in this challenging context. This study's goal was to analyse reciprocal effects between psychosocial variables (i.e., needs satisfaction, eating regulation, self‐efficacy) and weight over 12 months using data from a large sample of participants engaged in a weight regain prevention trial.MethodsThe NoHoW study is a three‐centre, large‐scale weight regain prevention trial. Adults who lost >5% of their weight in the past year (N = 1627, 68.7% female, 44.10 ± 11.86 years, 84.47 ± 17.03 kg) participated in a 12‐month' digital behaviour change‐based intervention. Weight and validated measures of basic psychological needs satisfaction, eating regulation and self‐efficacy were collected at baseline, six‐ and 12 months. Correlational, latent growth models and cross‐lagged analysis were used to identify potential reciprocal effects.ResultsBaseline higher scores of needs satisfaction and self‐efficacy were associated with six‐ and 12‐month' weight loss. Baseline weight was linked to all psychosocial variables at six months, and six‐months weight was associated with needs satisfaction and self‐efficacy at 12 months. During the 12 months, increases in eating regulation, needs satisfaction and self‐efficacy were associated with weight loss over the same period, and reciprocal effects were observed between the variables, suggesting the existence of Weight Management Cycles.ConclusionsWhile further studies are needed, during long‐term weight regain prevention, weight decrease, needs satisfaction and self‐efficacy may lead to Weight Management Cycles, which, if recurrent, may provide sustained prevention of weight regain.
Investigating hate crime: Law enforcement decision making in race based hate crimes
Authors: Bryan Timothy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, a growing number of police services in Canada have stressed commitments to protecting vulnerable communities from violence and intimidation and by combating hate crime. In 2020, the number of hate crimes reported to police in Canada increased by 37% to the highest number ever recorded. While social science research in several national contexts has examined the policing of hate crime, few studies have examined how police investigate hate crimes in Canada. This paper examines the investigative process and police decision‐making with respect to racially motivated and anti‐Black hate crimes reported in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). This paper argues that while police claim that the circumstances of a given incident determines how police respond and whether a case is ultimately solved, in fact police decision making and particularly the way police conceive of racism and hate, profoundly shapes investigative processes and outcomes.
Baby steps to a child‐to‐child network: A path to empower children for exercising their participation rights
Authors: Erdiller‐Yatmaz Zeynep , Erdemir Ersoy , Demiral Seran 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on an adult‐initiated and child‐led research journey that aimed to explore the path to empower children towards exercising their participation rights in different environments of their lives. To this end, a series of multi‐stage participation empowerment activities were carried out with 60 children in Istanbul, as guided by the child participation model and ecological systems theory. Findings are narrated through children's voices and illustrate their multifaceted opinions, challenges and demands with respect to how they participate in life. Children's experiences in this research journey suggest that grassroots of a child‐to‐child participation network is possible via empowerment and capacity building activities.
The use of an obstetric balloon as a pelvic spacer in preventing empty pelvis syndrome after total pelvic exenteration in rectal cancers – A prospective safety and efficacy study for the Bakri balloon
Authors: Kazi Mufaddal , Desouza Ashwin , Bankar Sanket , Jajoo Bhushan , Dohale Sayali , Vadodaria Divya , Ghadi Aayushi , Ghandade Netra , Vasudevan Lakshanya , Nashikkar Chaitali , Saklani Avanish 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimEmpty pelvis syndrome (EPS) is a source of considerable morbidity following total pelvic exenteration. None of the available methods have been universally successful in mitigating this problem. The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the obstetric Bakri balloon in preventing empty pelvis syndrome.MethodThis study was a combined prospective and retrospective study of all total pelvic exenterations for rectal cancers from a single institution performed between October 2013 and May 2022. Since December 2019 the Bakri balloon was used in all patients who provided consent. EPS within 90 days was the primary end point, and included bowel obstruction, pelvic collection and entero‐perineal fistula. Comparison with those patients who did not have a Bakri balloon was performed.ResultsSeventy‐five patients with a Bakri balloon were compared with 96 patients without a balloon placed after pelvic exenteration. No patient experienced an untoward complication from balloon deployment. The incidence of EPS was 13.3% and 22.9% in the Bakri and no Bakri cohorts, respectively (p = 0.110). Every component of EPS was proportionally lower, without statistical significance. Based on point estimates, the number needed to treat to prevent EPS using the Bakri balloon was 10.ConclusionsUse of the Bakri balloon was safe without serious adverse events. The incidence of EPS after total pelvic exenteration was not statistically different with the use of the Bakri balloon despite a 9.6% reduction. A larger comparative study is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the balloon.
Microscopic observations of SARS‐CoV‐2 like particles in different oral samples
Authors: Brahim Belhaouari Djamal , Baudoin Jean‐Pierre , Lagier Jean‐Christophe , Monnet‐Corti Virginie , La Scola Bernard , Antezack Angéline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emerging coronavirus pneumonia epidemic caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has spread rapidly around the world. The main routes of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 are currently recognised as aerosol/droplet inhalation. However, the involvement of the oral cavity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is poorly known. The current data indicates the presence of viral RNA in oral samples, suggesting the implication of saliva in SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, however, no direct observation of SARS‐CoV‐2 particles in different oral samples has been reported. In this study, we investigated whether particles of SARS‐CoV‐2 were present in oral samples collected from three symptomatic COVID‐19 patients. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the correlative strategy of light microscopy and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining, we showed the presence of SARS‐like particles in RT‐qPCR SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive saliva, dental plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. In the saliva samples, we demonstrated the presence of epithelial oral cells with morphogenetic features of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected cells. Inside those cells, vacuoles filled with nascent particles were observed, suggesting the potential infection and replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 in oral tissues. Our results corroborate previous studies and confirm that the oral cavity may be a potential niche for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and a potential source of transmission.
Transparency of local government financial statements: Analyzing citizens’ perceptions
Authors: Haustein Ellen , C. Lorson Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWorldwide, open data initiatives aim at making information publicly available and transparent. Increasingly, local governments (LGs) are publishing financial statements in order to inform citizens, in their function as both service recipients and resource providers, about the LGs’ financial situation. However, it remains questionable as to whether LG financial statements are appropriate mechanisms of public accountability: it is debated, on the one hand, whether citizens are interested in accounting information, and on the other hand, if they are able to understand the information presented in financial statements. This study is the first of its kind applying the think aloud method to analyze citizens’ perceptions of LGs’ financial statements in a sample of 30 German citizens with diverse socio‐demographic characteristics. The paper explores citizens’ general interest in accounting information and their ability to extract basic financial information from these statements so that increased transparency can be assumed. This explorative study reveals that although citizens demand transparency and financial information, they find it challenging to understand financial statements. Citizens seem to be overwhelmed by the information and call for delegation of the tasks or simplified reporting formats.
USP6‐associated neoplasm as a tentative subset of postoperative spindle cell nodule
Authors: Sun Lili , Zhao Zehua , Zhu Yanmei 
Published: November 2022

AimPostoperative spindle cell nodule (PSCN) is a pseudosarcomatous proliferative lesion of unclear molecular genetic origins.Methods and resultsWe examined seven patients with PSCN, using routine haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) slide preparations and a series of immunostains. The latter targeted keratin, vimentin, α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK [D5F3]), and other proteins. Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 6 (USP6) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements were also analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). There were histories of prior surgical intervention (n = 6) or trauma (n = 1) in all seven patients. All lesions were highly cellular and mitotically active spindle cell proliferations, with no cytologic atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, or aberrant mitoses. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining disclosed focal, weak keratin positivity in two lesions, whereas vimentin (diffuse, strongly positive) and SMA (tram‐track pattern) were present in each instance, and ALK (D5F3) was entirely negative. FISH analysis confirmed USP6 gene rearrangements in all seven cases, showing no ALK gene rearrangements. RNA sequencing results showed an MYH9::USP6 gene fusion in only one lesion (No. 6).ConclusionA subset of PSCN is marked by USP6 gene rearrangements, a genetic feature of nodular fasciitis (NF). Given its similarity to NF, a designation as USP6‐associated neoplasm (UAN) seems reasonable, signifying a transient clonal neoplastic lesion.
Strong negative effects of recent wildfires on two endemic Macaronesian bush‐crickets
Authors: Rhee Howon , Hauth Katharina , Greis Kira , Elle Ortwin , Dellinger Thomas , Miller Arthur , Hochkirch Axel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wildfires increase globally in frequency and extent as a consequence of climate change. These wildfires may have negative effects on insect populations.
Macaronesia is a global biodiversity hotspot with wildfires occurring annually, but the consequences of these wildfires on endemic insects are poorly understood.
Using bioacoustics monitoring, we studied the consequences of recent wildfires on two endemic silvicolous Macaronesian Bush‐Cricket species, which are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Our results show that wildfires had strong negative effects on populations of both species. However, when analysing the effects of fire history and size, we found that one of the species was found on older burnt sites, suggesting a capacity to recolonise smaller burnt areas from adjacent non‐burnt areas.
Reducing wildfire frequency and size will be crucial to conserving the two species. Additionally, restoring native laurel forest vegetation will support the recovery of both species.
Wildlife reserve design with connectivity and buffer requirements
Authors: Patrício Pedro Ferrão 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of finding the optimal configuration of a network of land parcels connecting and protecting core areas through corridors and buffer areas within budget. We focus on polynomial‐sized integer linear programming formulations, building on previous research and borrowing some ideas from other authors. We establish the relationships between the proposed and past models in linear programming relaxation terms and test them on synthetic instances with up to 400 land parcels.