bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-medication during the Era of COVID-19; Potential Implications for
Drug Policy Makers and Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Khan Yusra Habib , Butt Muhammad Hammad , Salman Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is marked by infodemic amid conspiracy
theories, false claims, rumors, and misleading narratives, which have had a significant impact
on the global campaign against COVID-19. The drug repurposing provides a hope to curb the
growing encumbrance of the disease but at the same time, it poses various challenges such as selfmedication
using repurposed drugs and its associated harms. During the continuing pandemic, this
perspective piece explores the potential hazards of self-medication and its attributing factors along
with possible countermeasures.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Juvenile Macaques
Reversed the Serum Protein Expression Profile in Aged Macaques
Authors: Yu Qianqian , Tian Chuan , Lv Guanke , Kong Qingpeng , Li Gonghua , Zhu Guangxu , Zhu Xiangqing , Pan Xinghua 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Reveal the changes of serum protein composition and content in macaques naturally ageing, and explore the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) on the serum protein expression profile in elderly macaques.

Methods:
Naturally ageing macaques were assessed according to age. BMMSCs were intravenously infused into aged macaques. In addition, peripheral blood was collected to obtain serum for data-independent acquisition (DIA) protein sequencing to identify ageing-related indicators. One hundred eighty days after macaques received BMMSC treatment, haemoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the morphology and structure of aortic arches.

Results:
Compared with infant and young control macaques, aged macaques showed erythema on the face, dry skin, reduced amounts of hair on the head and back, and paleness. Cultured BMMSCs from the 4th passage (P4 BMMSCs) were grown in accordance with standards used to culture mesenchymal stem cells. After BMMSC treatment, the assessed aortic arches showed no calcium salt deposition or cell necrosis, and the characteristics of the serum protein expression profile tended to be similar to that of the infant and young groups, with the expression of 41 proteins upregulated with age and that of 30 proteins downregulated with age but upregulated after BMMSC treatment. Moreover, we identified 44 significantly differentially expressed proteins between the aged model and treatment groups; 11 of the upregulated proteins were related to vascular ageing, neuronal ageing and haematopoiesis, and 33 of the downregulated proteins were associated with neuronal ageing, cardiovascular disease and tumours. Interestingly, S100 expression in serum was significantly decreased, COMP expression was significantly increased, NKAP expression reappeared, and LCN2, CSF1R, CORO1C, CSTB and RSU-1 expression disappeared after BMMSC treatment.

Conclusion:
BMMSCs can reverse ageing-related serum protein expression.
Comparison of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells with Mesenchymal Stem
Cells from Other Sources: A Scoping Systematic Review of In vitro and In
vivo Studies
Authors: Kadkhoda Zeinab , Motie Parisa , Rad Maryam Rezaei , Mohaghegh Sadra , Kouhestani Farnaz , Motamedian Saeed Reza 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
The application of stem cells in regenerative medicine depends on their biological
properties. This scoping review aimed to compare the features of periodontal ligament stem cells
(PDLSSCs) with stem cells derived from other sources.

Design:
An electronic search in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct
was conducted to identify in vitro and in vivo studies limited to English language.

Results:
Overall, 65 articles were included. Most comparisons were made between bone marrow stem
cells (BMSCs) and PDLSCs. BMSCs were found to have lower proliferation and higher osteogenesis
potential in vitro and in vivo than PDLSCs; on the contrary, dental follicle stem cells and umbilical cord
mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) had a higher proliferative ability and lower osteogenesis than
PDLSCs. Moreover, UCMSCs exhibited a higher apoptotic rate, hTERT expression, and relative telomerase
length. The immunomodulatory function of adipose-derived stem cells and BMSCs was comparable
to PDLSCs. Gingival mesenchymal stem cells showed less sensitivity to long-term culture. Both pure and
mixed gingival cells had lower osteogenic ability compared to PDLSCs. Comparison of dental pulp stem
cells (DPSCs) with PDLSCs regarding proliferation rate, osteo/adipogenesis, and immunomodulatory
properties was contradictory; however, in vivo bone formation of DPSCs seemed to be lower than
PDLSCs.

Conclusion:
In light of the performed comparative studies, PDLSCs showed comparable results to stem
cells derived from other sources; however, further in vivo studies are needed to determine the actual pros
and cons of stem cells in comparison to each other.
Comparative Study of L-shaped and U-shaped TFET Device with Temperature
Variations
Authors: Sinha Sanjeet Kumar , Chander Sweta 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In the nanometer regime, the impact of temperature is quite dominant in
the device characteristics.

Objectives:
A comparative study of L-shaped Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFETs) and Ushaped
TFETs with temperature variation.

Methods:
The effect of temperature has been studied for the device characteristics in terms of surface
potential, electric field, and transfer characteristics using the Synopsys TCAD tool.

Results:
The ON current and OFF current of L-shaped and U-shaped TFETs structure shows the
enhanced performance due to the large area of channel length. The addition of n-type pocket under
the source enhances both devices ON current and OFF current. Both L-shaped and U-shaped
TFETs structures are easy to fabricate and cost-effective due to the use of already established Si
technology.

Conclusion:
In next-generation devices, the superior performance of L and U-shaped TFETs structure
makes it a promising contender for low power applications as their subthreshold swing (SS) is
less than 60 mV/decade is observed.
Post COVID-19: Risk Factors, Prevention, and Management of Black
Fungus
Authors: Dhaneshwar Suneela , Salman Aimen , Shafiulla Shaik 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Mucormycosis is a genuine, however uncommon shrewd fungal contamination
that spreads quickly, and subsequently brief analysis and treatment are important to
stay away from the high pace of mortality and morbidity rates. Mucormycosis is brought about
by the inward breath of its filamentous (hyphal structure) fungus, particularly in immunosuppressed
patients. The pandemic of COVID -19 stays on an upsurge pattern. The second rush of
this infection has prompted alarm in numerous nations, including India and a few pieces of the
world experiencing the third wave. As there could be no appropriate treatment choices or cures
accessible for this lethal contamination, steady consideration gears like oxygen chambers, ventilators
and substantial utilization of steroids assume an imperative part in the management of
COVID-19. Amidst this pandemic, the COVID-19 patients are procuring optional contaminations,
for example, mucormycosis otherwise called black fungus infection.

Objective:
It is important to lead research on COVID-19 patients to even more likely to forestall
and oversee pioneering contaminations to diminish their occurrence and bleakness. So, this paper
is to foster preventive treatment plans and use corticosteroids sanely.

Methods:
Using search engines like Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., various research,
review articles, and some book chapters, also various articles on websites and guidelines on the
ICMR portal were accessed, after which we prepared this review article. In this review, we have
included reported cases and case series of mucormycosis among patients with and without
COVID-19 spanning the period of 1969 to 2021 and have described the clinical features and outcomes.

Results:
In gentle instances of COVID-19 (without hypoxemia) or when utilizing higher dosages
of glucocorticoids, glucocorticoids ought to be kept away from ongoing investigations which
have archived a disturbing number of COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis contamination. A
large portion of these patients had diabetes which was controlled with the use of steroids.

Conclusion:
Thus, the current article underlines mucormycosis and its connected conditions, its
component in typical and COVID-19 influenced people, affecting variables and difficulties to
defeat this disease. Early distinguishing proof and further examination of its growth will altogether
diminish the seriousness of the sickness and death rate in COVID-19- influenced patients.
Recent Trends and Prospects in the Iron-catalyzed Amination Reactions
Authors: Bartholomew Richard , Aneeja Thaipparambil , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Iron-catalyzed C–H amination reactions have emerged as a potent tool in synthetic organic
chemistry in recent years. These reactions are eco-friendly, highly catalytic efficient, and
show good functional group tolerance. The organonitrogen products of the reaction have found
wide applications in agricultural chemistry, medicinal chemistry, industrial chemistry, and natural
product synthesis. This review focuses on the recent progress in iron-catalyzed C–H amination
reactions and covers literature from 2019-2021.
An Outrage: The Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in
Microorganisms
Authors: Srivastava Soamyaa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Antibiotics come into the picture when the body’s natural defense system fails to fight
against the pathogen. However, the overuse of antibiotics in the last few decades has led to the development
of resistant strains that may be fatal to the human race as they are not easily treatable.
The misuse and several inappropriate usages have caused genetic mutations in bacterial cells to
adapt to the antibiotic environment. The organisms develop several mechanisms to thrive and resist
conventional treatment processes. The review discusses the possible mechanisms of bacterial resistance
to antibiotics and measures to overcome this problem worldwide.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Overview of Triticum aestivum: An
Update
Authors: Singh Harjeet , Sharma Alok , Kaur Mandeep , Ahmed Suhail 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Triticum aestivum Linn (commonly known as wheatgrass) is a perennial plant that belongs
to the family Gramineae having various medicinal and nutritional applications. Generally,
Triticum aestivum is utilized in southwest Asia as a curative agent to treat high blood pressure, cancers,
obesity, diabetes, gastritis, ulcers, pancreas, liver problems, asthma, eczema, hemorrhoids, skin
problems, etc. Numerous phytochemicals are present in this plant, including phenols, flavonoids,
vitamins, proteins, minerals, etc. Rutin and gallic acid are the main active constituents isolated from
Triticum aestivum and have been proven to possess notable anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antiinflammatory,
antioxidant, and anti-arthritic activity. Pharmacological in vivo and in vitro studies
revealed that the extract possessed significant antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiarthritic,
antiulcer, cytotoxicity, and antidiabetic activities. Triticum aestivum has been summarized and
discussed in a comprehensive and up-to-date review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and traditional
uses. This will facilitate further development of its therapeutic properties. To understand the
relationship between traditional uses and bioactivity, more in-depth studies are needed in the future.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Automotive and Off-highway
Vehicle Applications: A Review
Authors: Kandasamy Ramkumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Abstract

Abstract:
Nanocomposites comprised of a polymer matrix and various types of nanosized fillers
have remained one of the most important engineering materials and continue to draw great interest
in the research community and industry. In particular, graphene in nanocomposites that possess high
thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical, electrical, and optical properties have turned out to
be promising fillers for making the next generation of advanced high-performance materials.
Though large-scale production of graphene-based nanocomposites is a bit challenging due to the
mechanical, functional, and interfacial properties of the graphene and polymer matrix under severe
loading conditions, the automotive and off-highway machinery industries are expected to utilize the
most modern composite materials, such as graphene-based nanocomposites, to create lighter,
stronger, safer, and more energy-efficient cars in the future. Graphene-based material strategies
have been investigated and demonstrated to be effective for structural applications in various industries,
including electronics, electromechanical, and energy systems. However, currently, there is only
limited research highlighting the specific knowledge available for design engineers and researchers
involved in providing lightweight but strong solutions using graphene-based materials for automotive
and off-highway vehicle applications.
The present review presents an overview of the latest studies that utilize graphene-based nanomaterials
and their composites in automotive and off-highway machinery applications. First, the paper
describes the concept of traditional composites used presently in the engineering industries by
considering its advantages and limitations. Then, it highlights the key benefits of using nanostructured
carbon materials, such as graphene, through some recent studies available in the literature.
Subsequently, it depicts the various mechanisms of integrating graphene as polymer reinforcements
within the composite materials based on the survey and their related modelling, designing, and
manufacturing capabilities suitable for the automotive and off-highway machinery industry. Finally,
it outlines the available experimental evidence for graphene-based composites. To lay the groundwork
for future work in this exciting area, the paper discusses the current challenges as well as future
prospects in the field.
Measurement and Analysis of Low-Frequency Radio Noise in a Typical
Southern China Area
Authors: Huang Luxi , Zhao Fan , Wang Xin , Chen Yingming , Feng Ping , Li Xiaohui , Li Shuanglin 
Published: April 2022

Background:
External noise is a necessary factor for calculating the signal-to-noise
ratio and evaluating communication quality and is one of the important parameters when
designing low-frequency communication schemes or evaluating low-frequency signal quality.

Methods:
To study the radio noise distribution of each frequency point within the low-frequency
band from 40kHz to 80kHz in a typical Southern China region at different time periods, the test
team conducted a low-frequency radio noise test in Ziyang District, Yiyang City.

Results and Discussion:
The test data is analyzed and the results show that in this area, the radio
noise in the 40kHz to 80kHz frequency band changes significantly day and night. The noise
factors of most frequency points are in line with the predicted value given in the predicted value
of the Radio Noise Volume of Recommendation ITU-R P.372-10.

Conclusion:
However, the noise distributions of 50kHz, 54kHz, 60kHz, and 68.5kHz are
significantly higher than those of the predicted values.
Roles of GR Isoforms and Hsp90-binding Immunophilins in the Modulation
of Glucocorticoid Biological Responses
Authors: Galigniana Mario D. , Ciucci Sol M. , Mazaira Gisela I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Glucocorticoid steroids play cardinal roles during the life span of an individual, modulating
almost all aspects of the physiology, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids,
as well as the immune response, neurological biology, stress adaptation, apoptosis, cell division,
cell fate, inflammatory responses, etc. Glucocorticoids exert their biological effects by activation of
the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a bona fide ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear
receptor superfamily. The GR is expressed in virtually all cells of the human body showing
isoformic versions and also transcription variants. GR forms oligomeric heterocomplexes that include
the 90-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90) as an essential hub of the chaperone oligomer. The nature of
chaperones associated with this heterocomplex is responsible for the modulation of the subcellular localization
of the GR and its biological actions in a given tissue or cell type. In this sense, the discovery
that immunophilins containing tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) domains are responsible for the GR cytoplasmic
transport mechanism and the nuclear retention half-time of the receptor opened new trends
in our understanding of its complex mechanism of action. Because the properties of GR ligands influence
these protein-protein interactions, specific steroid•receptor complexes may confer the GR different
features providing new therapeutic opportunities to manage the disease. In this article, we analyze
multiple aspects of the GR mechanism of action, some properties of the GR isoforms, and the latest
findings revealing the roles of Hsp90-binding immunophilins to manage the glucocorticoid biological
response.
Harnessing Natural Language Processing to Support Decisions Around Workplace-Based Assessment: Machine Learning Study of Competency-Based Medical Education
Authors: Yilmaz Yusuf , Jurado Nunez Alma , Ariaeinejad Ali , Lee Mark , Sherbino Jonathan , Chan Teresa M 
Published: April 2022

Background
Residents receive a numeric performance rating (eg, 1-7 scoring scale) along with a narrative (ie, qualitative) feedback based on their performance in each workplace-based assessment (WBA). Aggregated qualitative data from WBA can be overwhelming to process and fairly adjudicate as part of a global decision about learner competence. Current approaches with qualitative data require a human rater to maintain attention and appropriately weigh various data inputs within the constraints of working memory before rendering a global judgment of performance.

Objective
This study explores natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) applications for identifying trainees at risk using a large WBA narrative comment data set associated with numerical ratings.

Methods
NLP was performed retrospectively on a complete data set of narrative comments (ie, text-based feedback to residents based on their performance on a task) derived from WBAs completed by faculty members from multiple hospitals associated with a single, large, residency program at McMaster University, Canada. Narrative comments were vectorized to quantitative ratings using the bag-of-n-grams technique with 3 input types: unigram, bigrams, and trigrams. Supervised ML models using linear regression were trained with the quantitative ratings, performed binary classification, and output a prediction of whether a resident fell into the category of at risk or not at risk. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy metrics are reported.

Results
The database comprised 7199 unique direct observation assessments, containing both narrative comments and a rating between 3 and 7 in imbalanced distribution (scores 3-5: 726 ratings; and scores 6-7: 4871 ratings). A total of 141 unique raters from 5 different hospitals and 45 unique residents participated over the course of 5 academic years. When comparing the 3 different input types for diagnosing if a trainee would be rated low (ie, 1-5) or high (ie, 6 or 7), our accuracy for trigrams was 87%, bigrams 86%, and unigrams 82%. We also found that all 3 input types had better prediction accuracy when using a bimodal cut (eg, lower or higher) compared with predicting performance along the full 7-point rating scale (50%-52%).

Conclusions
The ML models can accurately identify underperforming residents via narrative comments provided for WBAs. The words generated in WBAs can be a worthy data set to augment human decisions for educators tasked with processing large volumes of narrative assessments.
SELF-BALANCING ROBOT BERODA DUA DENGAN METODE PID
Authors: Setiawan Agus , Susilo Deddy , Dewantoro Gunawan 
Published: April 2022

Perkembangan teknologi membuat para peneliti berkeinginan mengembangkan robot lebih dari dua dekade ini, salah satu pengembangannya yaitu dengan menambahkan fitur self-balancing pada robot trainer untuk edukasi. Fitur ini menggunakan konsep pendulum terbalik yang harus menyeimbangkan pusat massa agar dapat berada di posisi seimbang. Untuk dapat membuat robot dapat berdiri dengan seimbang, maka dipakailah sebuah metode yaitu kendali PID. Metode ini bertujuan untuk membuat error sudut sekecil-kecilnya sehingga dapat membuat robot beroda dua pada posisi tegak. Robot yang digunakan merupakan robot Trainer Edukasi yang dirancang untuk media pembelajaran dan telah digunakan di beberapa sekolah yang terdapat di Kota Salatiga. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa robot dapat menyeimbangkan diri dan tahan terhadap gangguan luar dengan baik, dengan error kemiringan sebesar 1,14 derajat. Robot ini juga mampu bergerak dalam posisi tegak dengan kecepatan maksimal yang dapat ditangani robot adalah 15,07 cm/detik.
KARAKTERISTIK RDF DARI SAMPAH KOTA TERSELEKSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH PYROLYSER ULIR
Authors: Himawanto Dwi Aries 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kondisi temperatur slow pyrolysis yang sesuai dari sampah kota terseleksi (segregated municipal solid wastes) guna menghasilkan bahan bakar padat alternatif (Refused Derived Fuel) secara berkesinambungan dengan menggunakan screw pyrolyser.Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan rekaya peralatan proses slow pyrolisis secara berkesinambungan dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan screw pyrolyser yang tepat agar menghasilkan Refused Derived Fuel yang memiliki karakteristik produk minimal sama dengan hasil studi sebelumnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 5 variasi temperatur reaktor yaitu 3000C, 3500C, 4000C , 4500C dan 5000C ..Dengan menggunakan prototipe pyrolyser ulir dengan kemampuan proses 6 kg/jam, dengan produk char yang dihasilkan terbaik didapatkan pada komposisi 70 % sampah organik yang dipirolisa pada temperatur pyrolyser 450°C. Char yang dihasilkan mengandung kadar air 1,77 %, kadar abu 9,66 %, volatile matter 66,387 % dan karbon tetap 22,17% serta memiliki nilai kalor 6,86 kkal/gram. Efisiensi proses yang didapatkan berkisar 95,3%.