bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT evaluation of lung infiltrates in the two months preceding the Coronavirus disease 19 pandemic in Canton Ticino (Switzerland): were there suspicious cases before the official first case?
Authors: Rizzo Stefania , Catanese Carola , Puligheddu Carla , Epistolio Samantha , Ramelli Giulia , Frattini Milo , Pereira Mestre Ricardo , Nadarajah Navarajah , Rezzonico Ermidio , Magoga Francesco , Milan Lisa , Del Grande Filippo , Giovanella Luca , Ceriani Luca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The main objective of this study was to assess the presence of pulmonary infiltrates with computed tomography (CT) appearance compatible with infection by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in Canton Ticino in the 2 months preceding the first official case. Secondary aims were to compare the classification of infiltrates in the same time frame in 2020 and 2019; to compare the number of chest CT scans in the same period; to search for pathological confirmation of the virus.

Materials and methods
Chest CT scans performed between January 1 and February 24 in 2019 and 2020 were collected and classified by COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS). Pathological presence of the virus was searched for when appropriate material was available.

Results
The final cohort included 881 patients. Among the CO-RADS 3 and 4 categories, 30 patients had pneumonitis of unknown etiology. Pathological specimens were available in six patients but they were negative for COVID-19.

Conclusion
Before the first official case of COVID-19 infection, in Canton Ticino there were about 30 cases of pneumonitis of uncertain origin, with CT appearance compatible with infection by COVID-19, but with no confirmation of the disease. The number of chest CT scans in the first two months of 2020 was > 12% compared to 2019.
Algorithm-based design of mechanical joining processes
Authors: Jäckel Mathias , Falk Tobias , Drossel Welf-Guntram 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the development of algorithm-based process models for the mechanical joining process self-pierce riveting with semi-tubular rivet (SPR-ST) is described. Therefore, an extensive experimental and numerical database regarding the SPR-ST process and strength of steel and aluminum joints with tensile strengths of the sheets between 200 and 1000 MPa was generated for the building of the models. This process data could then be used for the training and evaluation of different prediction algorithms. Furthermore, the simulation data is applied to predict the entire contour (mesh) of non-simulated joints. This includes the visualization of output values such as strains, stresses and damage for each element and node of the mesh. That approach enables to obtain more information about the joint than just discrete values such as interlock or strength.
Room for Improvement: How does the Media Portray Individuals Who Engage in Material Depicting Child Sexual Abuse?
Authors: Christensen Larissa S. , Pollard Katarina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe media has a powerful ability to shape public perceptions. Given the current disjuncture between social attitudes and the law in relation to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) it is important to explore the representation of CSAM offenders in the media. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify how CSAM offenders are depicted in the print media. Newspaper articles published from 1 August 2019 to 31 August 2020 on CSAM offenders in Western countries were searched. A qualitative content analysis was employed, revealing three themes across the 56 articles: (1) the headings of the articles downplayed the abusive offending; (2) offender’s motivations indicate heterogeneity in offending; and (3) sentencing remarks communicated denunciation and the harms of offending. While the first theme identified that there is still space for improvement in the reporting of these crimes, the second theme indicates the various motivations portrayed should assist the public in identifying that these offenders are heterogenous in their motivations, thus potentially countering some previously held stereotypes. Finally, the denunciation and the harms taken from the messages delivered by the judiciary in the sentencing remarks could offer a positive educational tool for some members of the public. These findings should be valuable for media, law enforcement, and psychology disciplines.
Two experimental studies on the differential effects of low and high treatability information on the inclination to engage in cancer prevention
Authors: Wu Yingqiu , Dijkstra Arie , Dalley Simon E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo 3(control versus LTI versus HTI) × 2(self-affirmation versus no self-affirmation)-experiments were conducted. The first study presented a news message on the treatability of bowel cancer (N = 717); the second study was about skin cancer (N = 342). The dependent variables were the intention to engage in preventive behaviors and message acceptance. The results showed that when participants were exposed to LTI, only when response efficacy was low, a self-affirmation procedure increased their intention to prevent cancer (experiment 1), and increased message acceptance (experiment 2). When participants were exposed to HTI, the self-affirmation procedure did not increase the intention, and even reduced message acceptance. The findings suggest that defensive processes were active in reaction to LTI, but not in reaction to HTI. Although publishing LTI and HTI information in the media serves legitimate goals, it may have positive but also negative unintended effects on preventive behaviors in the population.
Communicating the diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome to children and adolescents: when, how, and who?
Authors: Aliberti L. , Gagliardi I. , Bigoni S. , Lupo S. , Caracciolo S. , Ferlini A. , Isidori A. M. , Zatelli M. C. , Ambrosio M. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent sex chromosome aneuploidy in males. KS diagnosis disclosure has an important impact on diagnosis acceptance and the increase in prenatal diagnostic procedures raises questions regarding communication to children/adolescents. Limited data are currently available on this issue. The aim of the study was to investigate aspects like the best timing (when), topics (how), and healthcare professional (who), which, in the opinion of both KS patients and parents, may be considered the best for diagnosis communication to KS children/adolescents. We also analyzed how participants received the communication in real life and evaluated the differences between the responses given by parents who receive KS diagnosis before or after KS patient birth regarding disclosure of KS communication. KS adult patients, KS mothers, and KS fathers, not belonging to the same family, completed a questionnaire containing quantitative measures (5 points Likert scale), open-ended questions, and multiple choice questions. Parental responses were divided according to the timing at which the communication occurred: prenatal age diagnosis (PRE-D) or postnatal age diagnosis (POST-D). A total of 41 KS adults and 77 KS parents (53 PRE-D, 24 POST-D) were recruited. Most KS patients and most POST-D parents consider that communication should be provided before 14 years of age; most PRE-D parents consider 14–18 years of age the best period for communication. We suggest that communication should occur preferably before 18 years of age by a multidisciplinary team (endocrinologists, psychologists, geneticists, and parents) and that the information should deal not only fertility and hormonal aspects but also metabolic and cognitive features.
Efficiency and Stability in a Process of Teams Formation
Authors: Boncinelli Leonardo , Muscillo Alessio , Pin Paolo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivated by data on co-authorships in scientific publications, we analyze a team formation process that generalizes matching models and network formation models, allowing for overlapping teams of heterogeneous size. We apply different notions of stability: myopic team-wise stability, which extends to our setup the concept of pair-wise stability, coalitional stability, where agents are perfectly rational and able to coordinate, and stochastic stability, where agents are myopic and errors occur with vanishing probability. We find that, in many cases, coalitional stability in no way refines myopic team-wise stability, while stochastically stable states are feasible states that maximize the overall number of activities performed by teams.
Running-Related Biomechanical Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Distance Runners: A Systematic Review Considering Injury Specificity and the Potentials for Future Research
Authors: Willwacher Steffen , Kurz Markus , Robbin Johanna , Thelen Matthias , Hamill Joseph , Kelly Luke , Mai Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Running overuse injuries (ROIs) occur within a complex, partly injury-specific interplay between training loads and extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors. Biomechanical risk factors (BRFs) are related to the individual running style. While BRFs have been reviewed regarding general ROI risk, no systematic review has addressed BRFs for specific ROIs using a standardized methodology.

Objective
To identify and evaluate the evidence for the most relevant BRFs for ROIs determined during running and to suggest future research directions.

Design
Systematic review considering prospective and retrospective studies. (PROSPERO_ID: 236,832).

Data Sources
PubMed. Connected Papers. The search was performed in February 2021.

Eligibility Criteria
English language. Studies on participants whose primary sport is running addressing the risk for the seven most common ROIs and at least one kinematic, kinetic (including pressure measurements), or electromyographic BRF. A BRF needed to be identified in at least one prospective or two independent retrospective studies. BRFs needed to be determined during running.

Results
Sixty-six articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence for specific ROIs ranged from conflicting to moderate evidence. Running populations and methods applied varied considerably between studies. While some BRFs appeared for several ROIs, most BRFs were specific for a particular ROI. Most BRFs derived from lower-extremity joint kinematics and kinetics were located in the frontal and transverse planes of motion. Further, plantar pressure, vertical ground reaction force loading rate and free moment-related parameters were identified as kinetic BRFs.

Conclusion
This study offers a comprehensive overview of BRFs for the most common ROIs, which might serve as a starting point to develop ROI-specific risk profiles of individual runners. We identified limited evidence for most ROI-specific risk factors, highlighting the need for performing further high-quality studies in the future. However, consensus on data collection standards (including the quantification of workload and stress tolerance variables and the reporting of injuries) is warranted.
A numerical investigation of hydraulic fracturing on coal seam permeability based on PFC-COMSOL coupling method
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Guodong , Wang Yanhai , Zhang Xiang , Li Kangnan , Guo Wei , Du Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydraulic fracturing and permeability enhancement are effective methods to improve low-permeability coal seams. However, few studies focused on methods to increase permeability, and there are no suitable prediction methods for engineering applications. In this work, PFC2D software was used to simulate coal seam hydraulic fracturing. The results were used in a coupled mathematical model of the interaction between coal seam deformation and gas flow. The results show that the displacement and velocity of particles increase in the direction of minimum principal stress, and the cracks propagate in the direction of maximum principal stress. The gas pressure drop rate and permeability increase rate of the fracture model are higher than that of the non-fracture model. Both parameters decrease rapidly with an increase in the drainage time and approach 0. The longer the hydraulic fracturing time, the more complex the fracture network is, and the faster the gas pressure drops. However, the impact of fracturing on the gas drainage effect declines over time. As the fracturing time increases, the difference between the horizontal and vertical permeability increases. However, this difference decreases as the gas drainage time increases. The higher the initial void pressure, the faster the gas pressure drops, and the greater the permeability increase is. However, the influence of the initial void pressure on the permeability declines over time. The research results provide guidance for predicting the anti-reflection effect of hydraulic fracturing in underground coal mines.
Clinical Oncogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Colorectal Cancer for the Surgeon: What We Need to Know and What the Future Holds
Authors: Reynolds I. S. , O’Connell E. , McNamara D. A. , Prehn J. H. M. , Furney S. J. , Burke J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Changes in the normal nucleotide sequence of the human genome plays an integral part in the development and progression of all cancers. It is now recognized that certain genomic alterations can be used to determine prognosis and potential response to treatment for patients diagnosed with a range of cancers. Breast cancer is perhaps the best example of how gene expression analysis can influence treatment choices and potentially prevent patients from receiving adjuvant chemotherapy that would have a negligible benefit. It is becoming increasingly likely that most, if not all, tumors will be subjected to some form of genomic analysis in the future in an attempt to provide patients with a personalized treatment plan that maximizes efficacy and reduces toxicity. This paper gives a brief history of genomic sequencing followed by a description of clinically relevant oncogenomics for those working in the colorectal cancer field. The relevance of RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair, and microsatellite instability status are discussed in detail. Potential implications of PIK3CA mutations are briefly described. It finishes by providing a summary of more complex techniques such as whole exome and whole genome sequencing, some of which may be used in the clinical setting and some of which will be reserved solely for novel target and biomarker identification in the academic setting. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development and progression of colorectal cancer is necessary and will become more relevant as the practice of personalized medicine is more widely implemented.
Evaluating the Effects of Low Carbohydrate and High Protein Diet on Erectile Function in Rats
Authors: Kataoka Tomoya , Hidaka Junya , Suzuki Jun , Mori Taiki , Nakamura Daigaku , Hotta Yuji , Sanagawa Akimasa , Maeda Yasuhiro , Furukawa-Hibi Yoko , Kimura Kazunori 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Carbohydrate restriction in diet is becoming a popular means of losing weight nowadays, although it has been reported that excessive intake of low-carbohydrate and high-protein (LCHP) diet causes an adverse effect on cardiovascular function.

Aim
To investigate the influence of LCHP on erectile function in rats.

Methods
A total of 48, 12-week-old rats were divided into 2 groups and either fed a LCHP diet (LCHP group) or a normal diet (Control group). Hematological examination, blood pressure evaluation, erectile function assessments as well as evaluations of the relaxation and contractile responses of corpus cavernosum were carried out in these rats by using standardized methods. Statistical analysis using 2-way ANOVA and Welch's t-test was conducted to examine the obtained data.

Main Outcome Measure
At the end of the study period, the evaluated outcomes to assess erectile function were intracavernosal pressure , mean arterial pressure , endothelial functions, nitric oxide (NO)-operated nerve functions and the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1).

Results
The intracavernosal pressure / mean arterial pressure ratio was significantly lower in the LCHP group (P &lt; .05) at 4 weeks. Compared to the Control group, the LCHP group exhibited significantly lower responses to ACh and EFS and a decreased nNOS mRNA expression. The results based on this animal model indicate that extreme carbohydrate restricted diet may affect erectile function. Our study identified that LCHP decreased erectile function in rats. A major limitation of this study is, due to the extreme condition of completely replacing carbohydrates with protein, that carbohydrate intake will be gradually increased in the future.

Conclusion
Extreme carbohydrate restriction and high protein in diet may cause ED with vascular endothelial dysfunction and a decrease in the relaxation response of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle via NO-operated nerves.
The Prediction of Storm‐Time Thermospheric Mass Density by LSTM‐Based Ensemble Learning
Authors: Wang Peian , Chen Zhou , Deng Xiaohua , Wang Jingsong , Tang Rongxing , Li Haimeng , Hong Sheng , Wu Zhiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe accurate prediction of storm‐time thermospheric mass density is always critically important and also a challenge. In this paper, an available prediction model is established by Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM)‐based ensemble learning algorithms. However, the generalization ability of the deep learning model is often suspicious since training data and testing data are from the same data set in the conventional method. Therefore, in order to objectively validate the performance and generalization of the model, we utilize the GOCE data for training and the SWARM‐C data for testing to verify its performance mainly during the geomagnetic storm period. The results show that the LSTM‐based ensemble learning model (LELM) is robust under different geomagnetic activity levels and has good generalization ability for the different satellite data set. The prediction accuracy of the LELM is proved to be better than a common‐used empirical model (NRLMSISE‐00). Thus, our approach provides a promising way to give reliable and stable predictions of thermospheric mass density.
Effects of COVID-19-related stress and fear on depression in schizophrenia patients and the general population
Authors: Lee Yu-Ri , Chung Young-Chul , Kim Jung Jin , Kang Shi Hyun , Lee Bong Ju , Lee Seung-Hwan , Lee Jonghun , Jung Ha-Ran , Hyun Jinhee , Jhon Min , Kim Ju-Wan , Ryu Seunghyong , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Jae-Min , Kim Sung-Wan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study compared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related stress, fear of infection, loneliness, and depression between patients with schizophrenia and the general population. A face-to-face survey was administered to 1340 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and online survey of the general population (n = 2000) was conducted. The information gathered included the level of COVID-19-related stress, fear of infection, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, and the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale score. Structural equation modeling revealed a significant effect of fear of COVID-19 infection on depression among the general population and on loneliness among patients with schizophrenia. Loneliness experienced during COVID-19 exacerbated depression in both groups. In the COVID-19-related stress–loneliness–depression pathway, the partial mediating effect of loneliness was significant in both groups. Conversely, in the COVID-19-related fear–loneliness–depression pathway, the full mediating effect of loneliness was only significant in patients with schizophrenia. In conclusion, the loneliness associated with COVID-19-related stress and fear of infection was an important factor influencing depression, and the impact was greater in patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population. Thus, different mental health intervention plans are needed for patients with schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic, social support and provision of mental health services to prevent loneliness and consequent depression are required in patients with schizophrenia.
Remote cognitive assessment in severe mental illness: a scoping review
Authors: Lavigne Katie M. , Sauvé Geneviève , Raucher-Chéné Delphine , Guimond Synthia , Lecomte Tania , Bowie Christopher R. , Menon Mahesh , Lal Shalini , Woodward Todd S. , Bodnar Michael D. , Lepage Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany individuals living with severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, present cognitive deficits and reasoning biases negatively impacting clinical and functional trajectories. Remote cognitive assessment presents many opportunities for advancing research and treatment but has yet to be widely used in psychiatric populations. We conducted a scoping review of remote cognitive assessment in severe mental illness to provide an overview of available measures and guide best practices. Overall, 34 studies (n = 20,813 clinical participants) were reviewed and remote measures, psychometrics, facilitators, barriers, and future directions were synthesized using a logic model. We identified 82 measures assessing cognition in severe mental illness across 11 cognitive domains and four device platforms. Remote measures were generally comparable to traditional versions, though psychometric properties were infrequently reported. Facilitators included standardized procedures and wider recruitment, whereas barriers included imprecise measure adaptations, technology inaccessibility, low patient engagement, and poor digital literacy. Our review identified several remote cognitive measures in psychiatry across all cognitive domains. However, there is a need for more rigorous validation of these measures and consideration of potentially influential factors, such as sex and gender. We provide recommendations for conducting remote cognitive assessment in psychiatry and fostering high-quality research using digital technologies.
Review of low‐loss wireless power transfer methods for autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Zhang Ben , Xu Wanli , Lu Changbo , Lu Yong , Wang Xudong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComprehensive research on the wireless power transfer technology of autonomous underwater vehicles is necessary to address the issue of significant energy loss in such vehicles during wireless power transfer. Previous analysis on factors that affect wireless power transfer in seawater environment demonstrated that the eddy current loss generated during transmission and offset of the coupling mechanism are the main factors that degrade the efficiency. In this study, existing literature on wireless power transfer for autonomous underwater vehicles in recent years is reviewed, and it is concluded that the energy loss during underwater wireless power transfer can be effectively reduced through coupling mechanism optimization, adaptive control, and docking device design. This study analyses the challenges of low‐loss wireless power transfer for autonomous underwater vehicles and the prospects for future development trends and research areas, providing a reference for realizing efficient and flexible energy supply for autonomous underwater vehicles.