bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konflik Batin Tokoh dalam Novel Alisya Karya Muhammad Makhdlori
Authors: Kamilia Khosiatul 
Published: March 2022

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah konflik batin yang dialami Alisya, Sandy dan Mamat/Ahmad. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari konflik batin yang terjadi pada tokoh Novel Alisya karya Muhammad Makhdlori (kajian Psikologi Sastra) menurut Sigmund Freud. Metode yang digunakana dalah metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu dengan mendeskripsikan konflik batin yang terjadi pada tokoh Novel alisya pengumpulan data digunakan dengan membaca dan mencatat. Sumber penelitian ini adalah Novel Alisya karya Muhammad Makhdlori dengan jumlah halaman 301 yang diterbitkan safirah, 2012 cetakan pertama. Adapun data penelitian adalah konflik batin yang terjadi pada tokoh Alisya, Sandy dan Mamat/Ahmad Novel Alisya karya Muhammad Makhdlori (kajian Psikologi Sastra) menurut Sigmund Freud. Hasil Penelitian ini diuraikan sebagai berikut: adanya konflik batin yang terjadi pada tokoh Alisya, Sandy dan Mamat/Ahmad yang berupa Id, Ego dan Superego.
Konflik Batin Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Kata Karya Rintik Sedu
Authors: Muhlason Moch 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji konflik batin tokoh utama Binta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan konflik batin tokoh utama yang berkenaan dengan id, ego, superego dalam novel kata karya Rintik Sedu. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif.. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan psikologis sastra. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan novel yang mengandung konflik batin. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Kata karya Rintik Sedu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik studi pustaka dengan cara membaca dengan cermat serta berulang-ulang sehingga memahami makna secara utuh terhadap novel yang menjadi objek kajian penulis berdasarkan rumusan masalah dan tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menyiapkan dan mengorganisasikan data seperti data teks transkrip, selanjutnya mereduksi data tersebut menjadi tema melalui proses pengkodean serta peringkasan kode. Selanjutnya yang terakhir yaitu menyajikan data dalam bentuk bagan, tabel atau pembahasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik batin tokoh utama dalam novel kata karya Rintik Sedu sebagai berikut, amarah, harapan, optimis, motivasi, kesadara, kekesalan, kesedihan, kekecewaan, kesabaran, bijaksana, kasih sayang, penyesalan dan rasa bersalah.
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA PADA BUKU TEKS PELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS III SD/MI DI KECAMATAN PURBALINGGA
Authors: Irawan Dedy , Wiarsih Cicih , Ernwati Asih 
Published: March 2022

Text book used at Indonesian elementary school particularly the reading sections play significant role for 1st – 3rd grade students as it prepares them to master their reading skill at 4th – 6th grade. Reading strategies which appropriate to students needs should be implemented to give rooms for student to exercise their reading skills. Occurred from April to June 2021, this study aimed to determine whether or not the five text books used at Purbalingga regency are suitable for students, and to find out what kind of reading strategy used in those textbooks. As a library research, the prime source of this study is five textbooks for 3rd grade students from which Miles and Huberman model was used to analyzed the data. The findings showed that the five textbooks are all suitable, they fitted the criteria to be categorized as good and proper for teaching reading. Three out of the five textbooks utilized whole language reading strategy, the other two textbooks, brought into play both contextual and whole language reading strategies. These two reading strategies encourage students to be active participants and all the five textbooks make this possible through various independent reading activities.
An Analysis of Personal Deixis Used by The Main Character in The La La Land Movie
Authors: Binti Qani'ah  , Santy Firdatul Islamiyah  
Published: March 2022

This research focused on analyzing personal deixis. It was in pragmatics scope. There were two aims in this research. First was to identify what categories of personal deixis are used by the main character in La la land movie. Second was to explain why the most dominant category of personal deixis is used by the main character in La la land movie. A descriptive qualitative method was in this research. The data of this research were utterances that consist of personal deixis. Then, the source of data was La la land movie. The results of this research were the main character used three categories of personal deixis in La la land movie. They were first personal deixis found 43 data, second personal deixis found 23 data, and third personal deixis found 20 data. The total data were 85 data. The most dominant category used by the main character in La la land movie was first personal deixis. The main character often used first personal deixis in this movie. It was because it represented Sebastian’s struggles to solve his problems of his life, such as finding a job as a jazz pianist, reaching his dreams in Los Angeles as the famous jazz musician and had his own jazz club.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Geografi Berbasis Sparkol Videoscribe
Authors: Ningrum Mei Vita Romadon , Abas Hamdan 
Published: March 2022

Media Pembelajaran merupakan salah satu komponen penunjang pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran mempunyai manfaat untuk meningkatkan ketertarikan dan interaktif peserta siswa. Selain itu media pembelajaran juga berpengaruh terhadap minat belajar siswa. Media yang digunakan seharusnya mengikuti perkembangan IPTEK saat ini. Penelitian ini betujuan (1) Menghasilkan media pembelajaran geografi berbasis Sparkol Videoscribe pada materi hidrosfer pokok bahasan siklus air dan perairan darat dalam pembelajaran di SMA, (2) Mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran berbasis Sparkol Videoscribe. Pembuatan media pembelajaran ini menggunakan model pengembangan Borg & Gall yang terdiri dari sepuluh langkah pembuatan yakni (1) Research and Information colletion, (2) Planning, (3) Develop Preliminary form of Product, (4) Preliminary Field Testing, (5) Main Product Revision, (6) Main Field Testing, (7) Operational Product Revision, (8) Operational Field Testing, (9) Final Product Revision, dan (10) Disemination and Implementasi. Pembuatan media pembelajaran ini menggunakan aplikasi pendukung Sparkol Videoscribe, wondershare filmora 9 dan lexis audio editor.. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket dan dianalisis menggunakan teknis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan media dapat diakses melalui https://youtu.be/IrgzOIW8rjU. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dari aspek materi media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dinilai layak digunakan yaitu dengan persentase kelayakan sebesar 78,2%. Dari kemenarikan media dinilai sanant layak yakni sebesar 82,28% . dari aspek kebermanfaatan dalam proses pembeajaran dinilai sangat bermanfaat dengan persentase sebesar 92,8%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajaran geografi berbasis Sparkol videoscribe layak dan dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran geografi pada materi Hidrosfer di SMA.harapannya produk ini dapat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang pembelajaran yang dilakukan.
Failure to Rescue After Abdominal Surgery: an Audit on Incidence and Predictors
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Deo Kunal B , Awale Laligen , Bhattarai Sameer , Yadav Tek Narayan 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Failure-to-rescue (FTR), defined as death after a surgical complication, is a quality metric that is an important variable affecting mortality rates in hospitals. This study aims to analyze complications, FTR rates, and its predictors at the index hospital setting.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study performed at an academic hospital from 2015 to 2020 in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology. We included all patients who had major complications following elective major benign or malignant abdominal surgeries. The primary and secondary endpoint was FTR rates and the overall major complications and deaths, re-operation rate, and its predictors respectively.
Results: Among 762 patients, the rate of any major complication was 14.9% . The overall mortality rate was 2.8%. However, the mortality rate among patients with complications was 27.4% (FTR). Twenty-seven (52.9%) patients underwent re-operation for complications, out of which 70% survived. Three (21.4%) patients had a delay in prompt diagnosis and interventions of complications and had FTR due to the anastomotic leak and bleeding. The ASA grade, co-morbidities,, re-operation, and nature of the disease (benign vs. malignant) did not predict the FTR.
Conclusion: This study conducted at an academic, low-volume center had higher rates of FTR. It can be further reduced by both prompt and appropriate interventions of postoperative complications in a multidisciplinary setup.
Role of Ezetimibe in Combination with Statins(Simvastatin and Atorvastatin) in Controlling Dyslipidemia
Authors: H.Al-Malki Falah , H. Ali Shatha , A.Abdulbari Gamal 
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular risk is independently increased by plasma lipids abnormalities (low- density and high density lipoprotein -cholesterol and triglycerides). Most patients have more than one lipid abnormality. Combination therapy with lipid-modifying agents could offer an important therapeutic option for improving the overall lipid profile. Combinations have demonstrated to provide additive efficacy and significant reductions in coronary events . This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ezetimibe, when used in combination with other hypolipidaemic agents ( statins) on lipid profile as well as on liver function ,renal function, oxidative stress, and platelets function when given to dyslipidaemic patients . Forty four patients (24 males and 20 females) with age ranged between 40-70 years (54 Â±14.6) with dyslipidaemia on statins therapy for at least 6 month were involved in this clinical trials. They were randomized into two groups treated with either a combination of 20 mg/day simvastatin or a combination of 20mg/day atorvastatin and 10mg/day of ezetimibe.The study also included 22 apparently healthy subjects with age ranged (40-70years) and sex(11males and 11 females) matching that of the patients group. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol -TC, triglycerides -TG, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol â€“LDL-C, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol-VLDL-C, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol â€“HDL-C), oxidative stress marker (Malondialdehyde-MDA), liver functions indices (Alanin aminotransferase -ALT,Aspartate aminotransferase- AST, total bilirubin), renal function parameters (urea, creatinine, and microalbuminuria) and platelets function test (bleeding time)were evaluated before and after 4 and 6 weeks of starting ezetimibe treatment . Treatment with ezetimibe plus simvastatin or atrovostatin resulted in significant lowering in TC, TG, LDL-C levels with elevation in HDL-C also the LDL/HDL ratio lowered significantly ( by 38.16%). This effect was associated with significant changes in liver function , and oxidative stress without changes in platelets function nor in renal function. The results presented in this study indicated that ezetimibe can be used in clinical practice for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, when combined with other hypolipidaemic agents like simvastatin and atorvastatin to improve the therapeutic profile with ameliorating some of their adverse effects.
Keywords : Ezetimibe , Statins , Dyslipidemia
In Situ Gelling Formulation of Naproxen for Oral Sustained Delivery System
Authors: S.Yousif Hala , I. Khalil Yehia 
Published: March 2022

Naproxen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect. It is extensively bound to plasma albumin, and exhibits gastric toxicity, so it may be more efficient to deliver the drug in its sustained release dosage form and adequate blood level is achieved. Three liquid formulations with in situ gelling properties have been assessed for their potential for the oral sustained delivery of naproxen . The formulations were dilute solutions of: (a) pectin; (b) gellan gum and; (c) sodium alginate, all containing complexed calcium ion that form gels when these ions are released in the acidic environment of the stomach . The viscosity of the sols and drug release were measured, and was found to be dependent on the type and concentration of the gelling agent. Pectin sol shows the highest viscosity and drug release . The influence of variation of gastric pH and the effect of added 1.6 mM Ca++ ions on the gelation property and the release profile of the liquid formulations were examined. The efficiency of gelation was significantly reduced with increase of pH. In addition the influence of different concentrations of sorbitol were determined .The results showed that 10% w/v sorbitol is the best concentration that maintained fluidity and ease of administration for the selected formula . The selected formula was examined for its stability and expiration date, and, it was found that there was no evidence of physical changes under experimental conditions, with estimated expiration of about 4.1 years and pH of the formula stated at 5.1.
Key word: naproxen, in situ gelling, oral preparations, gel.
Genetic Variations of Echinococcus granulosus Isolated from Sheep and Cows by Using Fingerprint DNA Method in Iraq
Authors: A.A. Ibrahim Zaman , S.Muhsin Salwa , A. Risan Farhan 
Published: March 2022

The fingerprinting DNA method which depends on the unique pattern in this study was employed to detect the hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus and to determine the genetic variation among their strains in different intermediate hosts (cows and sheep). The unique pattern represents the number of amplified bands and their molecular weights with specialized sequences to one sample which different from the other samples. Five hydatitd cysts samples from cows and sheep were collected, genetic analysis for isolated DNA was done using PCR technique and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA reaction(RAPD) depending on (4) random primers, and the results showed:
1-Ability of OPF-13 primer to find fingerprinting for DNA of hydatid cysts collected from cows with
(3) unique patterns and from sheep with (5) unique patterns.
2- Ability of OPF-06 primer to found (4) unique patterns for cows and (2) unique patterns for sheep.
3-Ability of OPF-19 primer to find fingerprinting for DNA of hydatid cysts collected from cows (5) unique patterns and (4) unique patterns for sheep.
4-OPF-16 was unable to find the finger prints of DNA isolated from cows and sheep
Keywords : Hydatid cyst. OPF Primer .PCR. RAPD.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Study for Purified Resveratrol Extracted from Grape Skin Fruit Vitis vinifera
Authors: Y. Mohammed Zainab , F. Al-Jumaily Essam , Y. Yaseen Nahi 
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted with the aim to extract and purify a polyphenolic compound â€œ Resveratrolâ€ from the skin of black grapes Vitis vinifera cultivated in Iraq. The purified resveratrol is obtained after ethanolic extraction with 80% v/v solution for fresh grape skin, followed by acid hydrolysis with 10% HCl solution then the aglycon moiety was taken with organic solvent
( chloroform). Using silica gel G60 packed glass column chromatography with mobile phase benzene: methanol: acetic acid 20:4:1 a partial purified resveratrol was obtained then preperative thin layer chromatography technique yielded pure crystals identified as resveratrol (mixture of two isomers cis and trans) in relation to resveratrol standard (35 mg resveratrol crystals / 0.5 kg fresh grape skin was obtained as a result of these processes ). The study was also employed an in vitro evaluation the cytotoxic effect of pure resveratrol on some cell line including : the murine mammary adenocarcinoma AMN-3 cell line, the human laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line and the Rat embryo fibroblast (Ref) cell line, at different concentrations and different expousure time. The cytotoxic effect of the pure resveratrol was studied in comparison with trans- resveratrol standard in concentrations of (12.5, 25, 50 and 100) Âµg/ml for both purified resveratrol and the standard, also the comparism included methotrexate drug in concentrations (0.05 , 0.1 , 0.2 and 0.4) Âµg/ml toward the growth effects of the three types of cell lines and at three exposure times (24, 48 and 72) hours. The cytotoxic inhibition effect for the purified extracted resveratrol revealed that the highest significant effect (P<0.01) was achieved after 24 hr of exposure on both AMN-3 and Ref cell lines. Hep-2 cell line responded to extracted resveratrol in different manners.
Keywords: Resveratrol , grape skin , polyphenols, cytotoxic study
The Effect of Brucellosis on Lipid Profile and Oxidant-Antioxidants Status
Authors: H. Ali Amal 
Published: March 2022

The activation of inflammatory cells, the release of their mediators, and the excessive production of free radicals may affect circulating lipids, but no evidence supports a role for peroxidation in the pathogenesis of Brucellosis disease. The aim of this work is to study the effect of Brucellosis on lipid profile concentration and oxidant-antioxidant status. We studied 20 Brucellosis patients (18 Females and 2 males) and 15 healthy controls (age average from 16 to 60 years old). Significant differences were noted between the serum lipids of Brucellosis patients and control group. Mean total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) concentrations were higher in patients than in control group (mean Â± SE 197.05 Â± 44.7, 165 Â± 37.6). (Pâ‰¤0.004, Pâ‰¤1.59Ã—l0-11) respectively. Whereas, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and triglyceride show significant lower concentration in patients than control groups (mean Â± SE 15.12 Â± 3.4 , 81.22 Â± 18.45) . (Pâ‰¤ 9Ã—10-6, Pâ‰¤ 9.3Ã—10-7) respectively. Table l , Figure 1.While circulating concentration of glutathione (GSH), soluble antioxidants were higher in Brucellosis patients than in control groups (mean Â± SE 2.49 Â± 0.4). Additionally, increased oxidative stress was observed in the serum of patients with Brucellosis as evidenced by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations than in control groups (mean Â± SE 270 Â± 9) (Figure 2, Table 1). In conclusion. Disturbances in the lipid profile, and oxidant-antioxidant status occur in Brucellosis patients which may increase incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular events.
Key words: Brucellosis disease, Lipid profile, oxidant-antioxidant status.
Study of the Protective Effects of Benfotiamine Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: A. Aziz Tavga , A. Ahmed Zheen , M. Juma'a Kasim , H. Abdulrazzaq Munaf , A. Hussain Saad , A. Hussain Saad 
Published: March 2022

Liver is considered as the first target for the toxic effects of toxins and other xenobiotics, and this can be attributed to its role as a site which receive all absorbed xenobiotics from the gastrointestinal tract and its role as a major site for biotransformation of xenobiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of benfotiamine against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The study was conducted on 48 male albino rats; the animals were allocated into 8 groups (6 rats in each group) and treated as follow: 4 groups treated with oral doses of either normal saline, benfotiamine (100 mg/kg), thiamine (100 mg/kg), N-acetylcystein (400 mg/kg) only without induction of hepatic damage. The other 4 groups were treated as indicated previously with induction of hepatic damage with CCl4; at the end of treatment period, rats were scarified, blood samples obtained and livers excised for the assessment of the oxidative stress parameters (MDA and GSH), cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Additionally, serum levels of total bilirubin, albumin, total protein and the activities of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes were evaluated before and after treatment with benfotiamine. Tissue sections were prepared for evaluation of histopathological changes. The results indicated that benfotiamine has the ability to protect hepatic tissue against the toxicity induced by CCl4, revealed through reduction of serum levels of TSB and liver enzymes, decrease in the hepatic tissue MDA levels and elevation of GSH there. Histological evaluation of tissue sections prepared for this purpose confirmed the previous finding. In conclusion, benfotiamine is capable to protect liver tissue against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats more than thiamine.
Key words: Benfotiamine, CCl4, Hepatotoxicity
AComparative Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Anthraquinone Derivatives in the Roots of Rheum ribes and Rheum emodi by HPLC
Authors: M. Naqishbandi Alaadin , K. JÃ¤ger Anna , H. Al-Khateeb Ekbal 
Published: March 2022

High performance liquid chromatography was applied for the separation and identification of four antharquinone derivatives, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion. The separation was carried out using Eurospher 100, C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. x 250 mm, 5 Âµm) under the following conditions: acetonitile (solvent A) and water: acetic acid (99.9: 0.1 v/v, pH 3.5)( solvent B) as a mobile phase with isocratic elution with 30% solvent B at flow rate 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The four antharquinone derivatives were isolated from the Iraqi rhubarb, Rheum ribes root by preparative TLC, their structures were identified by 1H NMR and used as standards for HPLC analysis. The percentages of aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in rheum ribes root were 0.39%, 0.014%, 0.089%, and 0.072%, respectively. While for Rheum emodi root, only the first three anthraquinone derivatives were identified and their percentages were 0.48%, 0.32% and 1.56%, respectively. The method was found to be reproducible and convenient for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthraquinone derivatives.
Keywords: Rheum ribes, Rheum emodi, Anthraquinone, HPLC