bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc Tellurite Glass System Incorporated with Erbium Oxide and Silver Oxide as Ultra-Broad (S+C+L) Bands Optical Communication
Authors: Nazrin S. N. , Halimah M. K. , Yee S. P. , Boukhris Imed , Kebaili Imen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Melt-quenching method was used to synthesize a series of zinc tellurite glasses doped with erbium oxide and silver oxide. At room temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and density measurement were implemented to characterize the prepared glass samples. The amorphous nature of the glass samples is proven from the XRD spectra obtained in this work. The density of the glass showed an increment trend from 4.4673 to 4.9705 g/cm3 when adding more silver oxide, which can prove that the glass strength is higher. For photoluminescence analysis, blue, green and red emissions were found in the glass series under 375 nm excitation wavelength. According to McCumber theory, higher emission cross-section and higher FWHM are efficient for both broadband amplifier and laser application. More extensive and flatter gain with a maximum gain difference has covered both C and L bands for optical communication, providing a few channels in the wavelength division multiplex network (WDM). The high efficiency of optical amplification is justified with a higher gain figure of merit and larger gain bandwidth. According to McCumber’s theory, all the results proved that 0.03 molar fraction of silver oxide is the most optimum concentration to be applied in the optical application. In Judd-Ofelt analysis, spectroscopic quality factor and shorter lifetime is a crucial parameter for obtaining intense laser transition, strong emission probabilities and encouraging the laser optical transition, which was successfully attained in all glass samples. The present glass system is also applicable for white light application since the standard equal energy point from all glass samples were located near the center of the CIE diagram (0.33, 0.33). In the meantime, higher values of CCT range from 6761 to 6937 K produce light with a better image as compared to lower CCT. Higher CCT is commercially used in LCD (liquid crystal display) and CRT (cathode ray tube) screens. The colour purity is a parameter for better white LED application, whereas low colour purity is for pure white light emission. Therefore, lower colour purity was found around 10.7 around 18.8% in all glass samples.
Pathological Count of Igg4-Positive Plasmacytes Suggests Extraophthalmic Involvement And Relapse In Patients With Igg4-Related Ophthalmic Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yuan Yiqun , Meng Fengxi , Ren Hui , Yue Han , Xue Kang , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4ROD) is a phenotype of IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) with ophthalmic involvement. The pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count has only been used for diagnosis. We aimed to explore its possible clinical value in the management of IgG4ROD.Methods: Fifty-five pathologically diagnosed IgG4ROD patients were included, and their clinical, pathological, serological, and radiological findings and treatment outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. The pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte counts in lesions from different anatomic sites were compared, and their association with serum IgG4 concentrations, systemic involvement and relapse risk was analyzed.Results: The patients were divided into groups according to the anatomic site of their biopsied lesions, namely, the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscle and orbital soft tissue. No significant difference was found in the pathological IgG4+ plasma cell counts among these groups (p=0.975). The pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count positively correlated with the IgG4 concentration in peripheral blood (R2=0.5469, p<0.001). The serum IgG4 concentration and the pathological infiltrating IgG4+ plasmacyte count were significantly higher in patients with extraophthalmic involvement (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCs) of the serum IgG4 level and pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count for identifying systemic involvement were 0.897 (p<0.001) and 0.759 (p=0.015), respectively. The patients with relapse had higher levels of serum IgG4, more germinal centers (GCs), and infiltrating IgG4+ plasmacytes in lesions. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count of >150/high-power field (HPF) and an elevated serum IgG4 level of >500 mg/dL were risk factors for relapse after steroid treatment.Conclusions: Lesions from different ophthalmic sites in IgG4ROD patients have similar counts of IgG4+ and IgG+ plasmacytes. The quantity of pathological IgG4+ plasmacytes corresponded to the serum IgG4 concentration in patients with IgG4ROD and could be meaningful in identifying systemic involvement and predicting subsequent relapse.
Longer survival of Helicobacter pylori positive gastric cancer patients is associated with a more active T cell immune response as revealed by single-cell sequencing
Authors: Chen Yun , Yan Caiwang , Shi Shujing , Zheng Chang , Ren Chuanli , Bian Lijun , Gu Yuanliang , Kong Deyuan , She Qiang , Deng Bin , Ding Yanbing , Chen Jinfei , Jiang Runqiu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status on survival for gastric cancer remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the molecular heterogeneity of tumour-infiltrating T cells in gastric cancer with different H. pylori infection status.Methods: We conducted a prognostic analysis of 488 gastric cancer patients and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on 18,717 T cells from 6 tumour samples with or without H. pylori infection. Analysis results were validated using histological assays and bulk transcriptomic datasets.Results: We confirmed that gastric cancer patients with H. pylori infection had a significantly longer survival time compared to patients with negative H. pylori status (HR=0.74, 95% CI=0.55-0.99, P= 0.045). After unsupervised re-clustering of T cells based on scRNA-seq data, we identified ten CD4+ and twelve CD8+ clusters. Among them, four clusters in CD8+ T cells appeared to exhibit distinct distributions with different H. pylori infection status. One subgroup marked by CXCL13, which contained mostly cells of H. pylori infection and expressed high levels of IFNG, GZMB and low level of PDCD1, was activated by TNFRSF1A-TNF interaction. The developed gene signature was significantly associated with improved patient survival in gastric cancer. The other subgroup specifically expressed immune suppression-related genes AREG and PTGER2, was almost exclusively populated with cells without H. pylori infection. High PTGER2 expression was significantly associated with worse prognosis with high CD8 expression.Conclusion: Our results shed light into the mechanisms underlying the target cell dependent T cell responses induced by H. pylori, which will provide assistance for precision treatment and prognosis.
An Economic Analysis on Willingness to Pay for Jhansi Fort: An Evidence from Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Baskar David Chella , Kavitha  , kumarvel Senthil , Pal Sundar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The study has examined the willingness to pay for Jhansi fort in Uttar Pradesh. The study has utilized primary data collected from different commuters’ using random survey method. In order to analyze the willingness to pay for the park, binary logistic regression was used. The results of the study has indicated that the willingness to pay for the park was influenced positively and also significantly by monthly income and negatively by cost spent inside the park and occupation status of the visitors. Garrett ranking on suggestions for the betterment of park indicates that the visitors have given rank one for maintenance of the park, rank two for enhancing the facilities and rank three for safe drinking water
Characteristics of Acute Kidney Injury and Its Impact on Outcome in Patients With Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: HUANG YUE , Cai Junjun , Ha Fushuang , Guo Beichen , Xin Shaojie , Duan Zhongping , Han Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication of liver failure. However, the characteristics of AKI and its impact on prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are limited.Methods: 574 ACLF patients were evaluated retrospectively. AKI was defined by criteria proposed by International Club of Ascites (ICA) and divided into community-acquired and hospital-acquired AKI (CA-AKI and HA-AKI). The difference between CA-AKI and HA-AKI, factors associated with development into and recovered from AKI periods, and its impact on prognosis in ACLF patients were evaluated. Results: Among 574 patients, 217(37.8%) patients had AKI, CA-AKI and HA-AKI were 56 (25.8%) and 161 (74.2%) respectively. Independent risk factors of AKI occurrence were age, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, bacterial infections, albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and prothrombin time (PTs). The AUROC of the model in internal and external validations were 0.747 and 0.759, respectively. Among 217 AKI patients, 81(37.3%), 96(44.2%) and 40(18.4%) patients were with ICA-AKI stage progression, regression and fluctuated in-situ, respectively. The 90-day mortality of patients with AKI was 55.3% (CA-AKI 58.9% and HA-AKI 54.0%) higher than non-AKI patients 21.6%. The 90-day mortality of patients with progression of AKI was 88.9%, followed by patients with fluctuated in-situ 40% and regression of AKI 33.3%. Independent predictors of 90-day mortality in ACLF patients were GI bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), TBIL, INR, progression of AKI.Conclusions: AKI can increase the 90-day mortality significantly in ACLF patients. TBIL, INR, GI bleeding, HE, progression of AKI are independent risk factors affecting 90-day mortality in ACLF patients.Trial registration: Chinese clinical trials registry: ChiCTR1900021539.
A Fault Identification Method Based on an Ensemble Deep Neural Network and a Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Yang Yanli , He Yichuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An intelligent fault identification algorithm based on ensemble deep neural networks and correlation coefficients is proposed for rotating machinery fault detection. In this algorithm, three deep neural networks (DNNs) are arranged to initially identify faults in the frequency domain, wavelet domain and envelope spectrum angle, respectively. Then, correlation coefficients are adopted to evaluate the recognition results of the DNNs. The reliabilities of the DNNs’ recognition results are divided into 6 levels according to the outputs of the DNNs and the correlation coefficients. Finally, the evaluation results of the three DNNs are put through fusion processing to generate more reliable recognition results. This algorithm identifies fault signals from multiple angles and combines the correlation coefficients to make a comprehensive judgment, which is beneficial for fault identification. The proposed algorithm is tested with the bearing data provided by the Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center. The test results show that the algorithm has a high recognition accuracy for homologous data and a good generalization ability for nonhomologous data.
Standardized Measure for Performance Assessment of Athletes in The CrossFit Open: Theoretical Structuring and Item Response Theory
Authors: Fernandes Rafael da Silva , Biffe Bruna Gabriele , Louzada Mário Jefferson Quirino , Bornia Antônio Cézar , de Andrade Dalton Francisco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In its competitive form, CrossFit® intends on assessing the performance of athletes in a wide variety of aspects that determine their conditioning. CrossFit Games is an official competition and intends to recognize the best conditioned athlete in the world to each class. Thus, measuring an athlete’s Physical Conditioning is, in a sense, assigning a set of performance outputs that can determine the efficiency and efficacy of the athlete, discriminating the performance of one or more athletes. Since the scores obtained by the athletes in the various workouts are directly identifiable, the conditioning can be seen through the performance in a competition, it is, therefore, a result of the interpretation and scope of the workouts in measuring the performance. This work analyzed data form “CrossFit Open” and has as an objective to propose a new theoretical arrangement to the sport discipline while being of the Item Response Theory which is capable of providing data such as, discriminatory capacity and difficulty level of the workouts, as well as, an assessment of the competition. In other words, intends to describe the probability of an athlete performing a workout and obtaining a score, given his/her physical conditioning. Analysis of the main indications that refer to a good quality of the measurement tool indicates it is a high quality competition. Lastly, this work accomplished both objectives proposed, methodological as well as practical, and recognizes the limitations derived from the reduced amount of qualitative data on the topic and the little use of applied probability models.
Deep thrombosis characterization using photoacoustic imaging with intravascular light delivery
Authors: Tang Yuqi , Wu Huaiyu , Klippel Paul , Zhang Bohua , Huang Hsiao-Ying Shadow , Jing Yun , Jiang Xiaoning , Yao Junjie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition in which blood clots form within the deep veins of the leg or pelvis to cause deep vein thrombosis. The optimal treatment of VTE is determined by thrombus properties such as the age, size, and chemical composition of the blood clots. The thrombus properties can be readily evaluated by using photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), a hybrid imaging modality that combines the rich contrast of optical imaging and deep penetration of ultrasound imaging. With inherent sensitivity to endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin, multispectral PACT can provide composition information and oxygenation level in the clots. However, conventional PACT of clots relies on external light illumination, which provides limited penetration depth due to strong optical scattering of intervening tissue. In our study, this depth limitation is overcome by using intravascular light delivery with a thin optical fiber. To demonstrate in vitro blood clot characterization, clots with different acuteness and oxygenation levels were placed underneath ten-centimeter-thick chicken breast tissue and imaged using multiple wavelengths. Acoustic frequency analysis was performed on the received PA channel signals, and oxygenation level was estimated using multispectral linear spectral unmixing. The results show that, with intravascular light delivery, clot oxygenation level can be accurately measured, and the clot age can thus be estimated. In addition, we found that retracted and unretracted clots had different acoustic frequency spectrum. While unretracted clots had stronger high frequency components, retracted clots had much higher low frequency components due to densely packed red blood cells. The PACT characterization of the clots was consistent with the histology results and mechanical tests.
Synthesis of Nickel-Chitosan Nanoparticles for Controlling Blast Diseases in Asian Rice
Authors: Parthasarathy Ramalingam , Jayabaskaran Chelliah , Manikandan Appu , Anusuya Sathiyanarayanan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rice blast disease is a major challenge for rice production and consumption worldwide. To explore a control measure of rice blast alternative to fungicides, nickel-chitosan nanoparticle (Ni-Ch NPs) was prepared using nickel chloride and investigated for growth improvement and inhibition of Pyricularia oryzae (blast pathogen). SEM, TEM and DLS analyses exhibited smooth and spherical shaped nanoparticles with size range from 20–70 nm. Zeta potential revealed the colloidal stability of nanoparticles with PDI of 0.22. EDX spectroscopy corroborated the presence of nickel (14.05%) in Ni-Ch NPs. Application of Ni-Ch NPs to paddy seeds showed a significant increase in germination and growth attributes in terms of shoot and root length and number of lateral roots over control. Further, the nanoparticle treatment to plants under glasshouse condition demonstrated a remarkable improvement in plant growth condition showing no toxic effect. Protein profiling of treated plants revealed new polypeptides (rubisco units) which enlightened the enhanced photosynthetic rate. In addition, Asian rice exhibited reduced blast symptoms on leaves treated with nanoparticle over control under glasshouse condition while displaying 64 % mycelia inhibition in Petri plates. All these results suggest that nickel-chitosan nanoparticles could be exploited as a plant growth promoter cohort in controlling rice blast disease.
Efficient isolation of keratin from protein-rich waste biomass: A practical approach to minimize environmental impact and valorize waste biomass
Authors: Maity Tapan Kumar , Singh Nripat , Vaghela Pradip , Ghosh Arup , Singh Sanju , Shinde Pramod B , Sequeira Rosy Alphons , Prasad Kamalesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Among protein-containing biomass wastes, waste animal wool, poultry feather, and human hair are considered as one of the most important renewable sources of keratin. Although waste animal wool (WAW) and human hair (WHH) are used for the production of the number of products but the substantial quantity of short fibers not suitable for spinning and being unusable is thrown as waste resulting considerable environmental problems in terms of their accumulation in water bodies resulting water clogging and other related problems. Similarly, poultry waste especially the waste chicken feathers (WCF) is dumped or burnt, or used as low-value fertilizer in certain applications. To extract more value-added products such as keratin from such wastes, herein suitability of an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium hydroxide known as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (25% w/w TMAOH in water) to solubilize these protein wastes and to extract keratin from them was investigated. The solvent could solubilized ca. 39-44% w/w of WAW, 19-25% of WHH, and 55-60% of WCF. Crude keratin with ca 19-20%, 35-37%, and 69-74% were isolated from WAW, WHH, and WCF respectively. The chemical and structural stability of keratin thus isolated was established. The recovered TMAOH, insoluble WAW, and WCF were found to be nontoxic to soil microbes. The recovered TMAOH thus generated after isolation of keratin was used for green gram (Vigna radiata) seed treatment and a substantial increase in the height (4-12%) and weight (9-58%) of the plants were observed. Treating biomass waste as a source of high-value compounds may minimize environmental impact by reducing the waste load.
Perceived use of health care service: barriers to access prehospital care in Jimma City, Oromia Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Ibro Shemsedin Amme , Matthew Lippi , Shemsi Sheka Shemsi , Akuma Adugna Olani , Haso Tura Koshe , Ahmed Abdulwahid Awol , Simbiro Esmael Ahmed , Moga Tolasa Takele , Ahmed Muktar Beshir , Hebo Habtamu Jarso , Waga Sultan Suleman , Melkamu Gemechis , Reta Ebrahim Yimam , Chala Shimelis Legesse , Mould-Millman Nee-Kofi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: African nations experience a significant proportion of the global burden of death and disability. The provision of prehospital emergency care has been shown to partially reduce excess morbidity and mortality. However, access to prehospital care in Africa is still limited. This study sought to identify barriers to access prehospital care in the city of Jimma, Ethiopia.Methods: This is an interview-based qualitative study of key prehospital stakeholders in Jimma, conducted in February 2018. A purposive sample of individuals from the community and local ambulance organizations was selected for interviews. Interviews were conducted in local languages, translated into English, and then coded for consistent themes. Results: All respondents felt that prehospital care was difficult to access and therefore infrequently utilized. This was due to a combination of a limited number of ambulances, the lack of a toll-free emergency number, the lack of a single organized EMS system, inconsistent and limited training of ambulance crews, public mistrust of the existing system, poor road infrastructure, and limited public understanding of the role of prehospital care. Respondents suggested that establishment of a formalized prehospital care system, investment in infrastructure, establishment of a toll-free emergency number, public awareness campaigns, and more widely available emergency medical training, which were feasible solutions to these current barriers to access.Conclusion: Multiple barriers to accessing prehospital care were identified in Jimma. Establishing a formalized, well-resourced prehospital system in parallel with improving community capacity and knowledge building were suggested solutions to improve access. Hence, interventions to improve prehospital emergency care delivery should ideally target these identified barriers and proposed solutions.
Validating Local Drivers Influencing Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) in Southwestern Ghana: A Mixed-Method Approach (MMA) Analysis.
Authors: Sarfo Isaac , Shuoben Bi , Otchwemah Henry Bortey , Darko George , Kedjanyi Emmanuel Adu Gyamfi , Oduro Collins , Folorunso Ewumi Azeez , Alriah Mohamed Abdallah Ahmed , Amankwah Solomon Obiri Yeboah , Ndafira Grace Chikomborero 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Addressing undesirable changes associated with the driving forces of land use cover change are critical to sustainable land management, and the future modelling of land use systems in developing countries. The study ascertains local drivers of land-use cover change in Southwestern Ghana using a mixed-method approach. The approach aided in identifying key land-use drivers, using different research strategies for comparisons through confidence level analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process. We used expert interviews, existing literature and geostatistical tools to ascertain the driving forces triggering such unprecedented changes. Landsat imagery 5 MSS, 4 and 5 TM, 7 ETM+ and 8 OLI/TIRS were acquired from the United States Geological Survey’s website. Land use analysis revealed a decline in forests (-334.8 km2yr−1.) and areas covered by waterbodies (-4.79 km2yr−1.). A remarkable increase in built-up (+137.93 km2yr−1.) and farmlands/shrubs (+131.97 km2yr−1.) areas were also observed. The contribution rate of change analysis revealed built-up areas and increasing population contributed the most to surface temperature and land use change. A steady increase in surface temperature can be attributed to the undesirable changes associated with land-use systems over the past 50 years. Socio-economic development in Southwestern Ghana is fuelling interest in studies related to land use cover change. Biophysical, cultural and technological factors are considered key drivers despite the “medium-to-very low confidence” in results generated. They could potentially impact climate-sensitive sectors that significantly modify land-use systems from the pessimists and optimists’ perspectives. Standpoints established through this study will enrich basic datasets for further studies at the continental level.