bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPISTEMIC REACTIVE ATTITUDES
Authors: Tollefsen Deborah Perron 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although there have been a number of recent discussions about the emotions that we bring with us to our epistemic endeavors, there has been little, if any, discussion of the emotions we bring with us to epistemic appraisal. This paper focuses on a particular set of emotions, the reactive attitudes. As Peter F. Strawson and others have argued, our reactive attitudes reveal something deep about our moral commitments. A similar argument can be made within the domain of epistemology. Our "epistemic reactive attitudes" reveal our epistemic commitments. Reflection on the role they play in our practice of epistemic appraisal can contribute to a number of different debates in contemporary epistemology, including the nature of epistemic norms and epistemic responsibility.
EPISTEMIC NORMS AND THE "EPISTEMIC GAME" THEY REGULATE: THE BASIC STRUCTURED EPISTEMIC COSTS AND BENEFITS
Authors: Henderson David , Graham Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper is a beginning--an initial attempt to think of the function and character of epistemic norms as a kind of social norm. We draw on social scientific thinking about social norms and the social games to which they respond. Assume that people individually follow epistemic norms for the sake of acquiring a stock of true beliefs. When they live in groups and share information with each other, they will in turn produce a shared store of true beliefs, an epistemic public good. True beliefs, produced individually or in groups, constitute an epistemic good—one commonly stockpiled and distributed within a community. Epistemic norms can then be understood as a kind of socially developed and transmitted normative sensibility having to do with the production of this individual and public good. Epistemic norms should serve to regulate this practice—coordinating the practice of individuals so as to afford the benefits of life in an interdependent epistemic community—and to manage the risks of being epistemically dependent on others within such a community. Here, we provide some attempts to characterize the central aspects of "the epistemic game"—the epistemic choice situation confronted by communities of epistemic agents.
ELIMINATING THE PROBLEM OF STORED BELIEFS
Authors: Frise Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The problem of stored beliefs is that of explaining how non-occurrent, seemingly justified beliefs are indeed justified. Internalism about epistemic justification, the view that one’s mental life alone determines what one is justified in believing, allegedly cannot solve this problem. This paper provides a solution. It asks: Does having a belief that p require having a special relation to a mental representation that p? If the answer is yes, then there are no stored beliefs, and so there is no problem. Drawing on extensive research in cognitive psychology, this paper argues that memory doesn’t store the representations required for stored belief, and we don’t bear the special relation to anything memory does store. On the leading "no" answer, a belief is roughly a set of dispositions. This paper argues that a justified belief is then best understood as a set of dispositions. Since these dispositions are mental, internalism can count the right stored beliefs as justified.
ARE PROPERTIES PARTICULAR, UNIVERSAL, OR NEITHER?
Authors: Cumpa Javier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
AAre properties universal or particular? According to Universalism, properties are universals because there is a certain fundamental tie that makes properties capable of being shareable by more than one thing. On the opposing side, Particularism is the view that properties are particulars due to the existence of a fundamental tie that makes properties incapable of being shared. My aim in this paper is to critically examine the connections between the notions of the fundamental tie and universality and particularity. I argue, first, that universality and particularity can characterize a property if and only if there is a universalist or a particularist fundamental tie, and, second, that it is unclear that these should be the fundamental ties that connect ordinary and scientific properties to their respective bearers. Then I develop an alternative approach to properties and the fundamental tie, which is neutralist because it dispenses with universality and particularity as features of properties, and naturalist because it naturalizes the possession of properties by replacing metaphysical fundamental ties with a scientific one, in particular, a physical process. I show how this approach improves our understanding of properties and instantiation.
THE PROBLEM OF UNIVERSALS AND THE ASYMMETRY OF INSTANTIATION
Authors: Baxter Donald L. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Oliver’s and Rodriguez-Pereyra’s important interpretation of the problem of universals as one concerning truthmakers neglects something crucial: that there is a numerical identity between numerically distinct particulars. The problem of universals is rather how to resolve the apparent contradiction that the same things are both numerically distinct and numerically identical. Baxter’s account of instantiation as partial identity resolves the apparent contradiction. A seeming objection to this account is that it appears to make instantiation symmetric, since partial identity is symmetric. Armstrong’s standard reply is that the difference between a particular and a universal is what makes instantiation asymmetric. Brown suggests, though, that the instantiation of a universal by a universal is sometimes symmetric. However, the examples on which he relies are not universals.
PHENOMENAL CONSERVATISM AND THE PROBLEM OF REFLECTIVE AWARENESS
Authors: Moretti Luca 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper criticizes phenomenal conservatism—the view according to which a subject S’s seeming that P provides S with defeasible justification for believing P. It argues that phenomenal conservatism, if true at all, has a significant limitation: seeming-based justification is elusive because S can easily lose it by just reflecting on her seemings and speculating about their causes. The paper also argues that because of this limitation, phenomenal conservatism doesn’t have all the epistemic merits attributed to it by its advocates. If true, phenomenal conservatism constitutes a unified theory of epistemic justification capable of giving everyday epistemic practices a rationale, but it doesn’t afford us the means of an effective response to the skeptic. Furthermore, phenomenal conservatism doesn’t form the general basis for foundationalism.
IN DEFENSE OF MEDIAL THEORIES OF SOUND
Authors: Meadows Phillip John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the recent literature on the nature of sound, there is an emerging consensus rejection of what might be thought of as the scientifically informed commonsense position: that sounds, whatever else they may be, must be entities that mediate between the source of the sound and the subject hearing it. This paper offers an argument for such "medial" theories of sound. This argument is intended to shift attention from the two considerations that have dominated the debate thus far: the relevant scientific facts about audition and the spatial phenomenology of auditory experience.
DISAGREEING WITH MYSELF: DOXASTIC COMMITMENTS AND INTRAPERSONAL DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Coliva Annalisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the idea of disagreement with oneself, in both its diachronic and synchronie forms. A puzzling case of synchronie intrapersonal disagreement is presented and the paper considers its implications. One is that belief is a genus that comes in two species: as disposition and as commitment. Another is that self-deception consists in a conflict between one’s beliefs as dispositions and one’s beliefs as commitments. Synchronie intrapersonal disagreement also has implications for the condition that needs to be fulfilled in order to have genuine disagreement tout court, and for the different ways in which it can be satisfied.
GROUPS CAN KNOW HOW
Authors: Dragos Chris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One can know how to ride a bicycle, play the cello, or collect experimental data. But who can know how to properly ride a tandem bicycle, perform a symphony, or run a high-energy physics experiment? Reductionist analyses fail to account for these cases strictly in terms of the individual know-how involved. Nevertheless, it doesn’t follow from non-reductionism that groups possess this know-how. One must first show that epistemic extension cannot obtain. This is the idea that individuals can possess knowledge even when others possess some of the epistemic materials (e.g. evidence possessed, abilities exercised) generating it. I show that only knowledge-that can be epistemically extended, not knowledge-how. Appeal to epistemic extension is a viable way of avoiding group knowledge-that ascriptions but not group knowledge-how ascriptions. Therefore, groups can know how.
HYLOMORPHISM, EXPLANATORY PRACTICE, AND THE PROBLEM OF MENTAL CAUSATION
Authors: Jaworski William 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe problem of mental causation epitomizes problems in the metaphysics of mind. Tyler Burge once suggested that it could be solved by taking ordinary explanatory practice more seriously. Jaegwon Kim criticized this suggestion: a solution to the problem requires a workable metaphysics of mental causation, and taking ordinary explanatory practice seriously falls short of providing that. Burge replied by gesturing toward a metaphysics that takes mental and physical causation to be different, noncompeting forms of causation. But what does it mean for there to be different forms of causation? How are they identified and distinguished? And what ensures that mental and physical causation are different and noncompeting? I attempt to answer these questions by appeal to hylomorphism, a metaphysical framework that takes structure to be a basic ontological and explanatory principle. I argue that hylomorphism enables us to develop Burge’s basic insights into a workable metaphysics of mental causation that solves the problem.
HISTORICAL INACCURACY IN FICTION
Authors: Fileva Iskra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I ask whether and when historical inaccuracy in a work of art constitutes an aesthetic flaw. I first consider a few replies derived from others: conceptual impossibility, import-export inconsistency, failure of reference, and imaginative resistance. I argue that while there is a grain of truth to some of these proposals, none of them ultimately succeeds. I proceed to offer an alternative account on which the aesthetic demerits of historical inaccuracies stem from a violation of the conversational contract between author and audience. The key question is what that contract implies.
BUYING AND SELLING FRIENDSHIP
Authors: Taylor James Stacey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is widely believed that the nature of love and friendship precludes them from being bought or sold. It will be argued in this paper that this view is false: There is no conceptual bar to the commodification of love and friendship. The arguments offered for this view will lead to another surprising conclusion: That these goods are asymmetrically alienable goods, goods whose nature is such that separate arguments must be provided for the views that they can be (a) bought and (b) sold. The possibility of asymmetric alienability has not yet been recognized in the literature on commodification.
DISEMBODIED ANIMALS
Authors: Thornton Allison Krile 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper defends a hylomorphic version of animalism according to which human persons survive as immaterial, bodiless animals after death. According to the hylomorphism under consideration, human persons have souls that survive death, and according to the animalism under consideration, human persons are necessarily animals. One might think this implies that human persons don’t survive their deaths since if they were to survive their deaths, they would be immaterial animals after death, but necessarily animals are material. This paper shows that the hylomorphic animalist can overcome this problem in a way that respects the intuition that animals are material. In addition, the paper defends the hylomorphic animalist survivalist from the objection that her view introduces an insoluble mereological puzzle.
Structural Analysis And Stilistic Meaning Of Khabariyah Verses In The Qur'an
Authors: Agustiar Agustiar , Jamal Khairunnas 
Published: February 2022

Al-Qur'an always displays the style of language in various forms. The diversity of the structure and language style of the Qur'an shows that there is a certain meaning that is displayed behind the text of the verse. This article aims to reveal the forms of linguistic structures and meanings contained in the khabariyyah verses in the Qur'an so that they can provide an alternative understanding of the Qur'an that does not favor one group. And can provide a clear understanding of meaning, open as it is in accordance with the form of a typical sentence structure in the form of speech and the meaning contained in it.The method used is Linguistic Theory by collecting the configuration of kalam khabariyyah then analyzing its structure and meaning through the Syntact and semantic analysis approach in the Qur'an interpretation. This article concludes that the configuration of the stylistic structure of the verses with khabariyyah style in the Qur'an is expressed in two constructions, namely in the construction of the Jumlah ismiyyah and Jumlah fi'liyyah with various kind of its language style (uslub) there are : in the style of uslub al-Qashru, al-Taqdim wa al -Takhir, and al-Qasam. In terms of meaning, it shows that the Jumlah ismiyyah provides the permanent (Itsbat),eternal (Dawam) and continuous meaning (istimrar), while the Jumlah fi'liyyah provides the occurrencemeaning (Huduts) that means the occurrence of an event at a certain time as well as the meaning of repetition (istimrar tajaddud)
The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation as Viewed in the Planck Vacuum Theory
Authors: Daywitt William C. 
Published: February 2022

The invisible Planck vacuum (PV) state is a degenerate collection of Planck particle (PP) cores that fills a sevendimensional spacetime. The degenerate nature of this PV state assures that the only motion available to the separate PP cores is a spin angular momentum and a local random PP motion. This spherical confinement of each PP core in the vacuum state leads to the cosmic-microwave-background-radiation (CMBR) spectrum seen in the free-space night sky.The CMBR is the experimental proof for the PV theory.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP TRADISI MANDI KEMBANG PASCA PERNIKAHAN
Authors: Sumarna  
Published: February 2022

This research discusses the review of Islamic law on the tradition of mandiu pasili (flower bath) in Maninili Village, South Tinombo District, Parigi Moutong Regency. This research is qualitative with an empirical juridical approach, resting on primary data, and is supported by secondary one. Data is collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. This research shows that the tradition of mandiu pasili (flower bath) practiced by Manilili people is not contrary to Islamic law. It is based on the ratio juris that the tradition instead uses idioms and religious values in its implementation. On the other hand, this tradition contains local wisdom that enriches the cultural treasures of Indonesia, loaded with religious values.
AKTOR TRANSMIGRASI BURU: STUDI PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN OLEH PROGRAM TRANSMIGRASI DI KECAMATAN WAEAPO, KABUPATEN BURU, PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Melwin Naomi  Lesbatta Melwin , Wiloso Pamerdi Giri , Handayani Widhi 
Published: February 2022

Program transmigrasi Buru membawa perubahan pembangunan terhadap Waeapo yang terlihat dari keberhasilan pembangunan yang ditunjukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk memngetahui aktor transmigrasi dalam pembangunan pertanian oleh program transmigrasi di kecamatan Waeapo, kabupaten Buru, provinsi Maluku dan menjelaskan pembangunan pertanian pada pulau Buru yang dilakukan oleh transmigran dalam kerjasama dengan masyarakat lokal dan pemerintah. Metode penelitian yaitu metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada kolaborasi antar aktor, yaitu pemerintah, transmigran, penduduk lokal dan hutan serta teknologi yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sektor pertanian di Kecamatan Waeapo, kabupaten Buru. Hadirnya transmigran dengan bantuan teknologi membawa perubahan terhadap lingkungan Waeapo meliputi alih fungsi hutan sebagai ekosistem alami menjadi ekosistem buatan (sawah). Selain itu, terjadi pula perubahan sosial terjadi seperti pertambahan penduduk, ekonomi, keragaman budaya, tranformasi pangan dan perubahan lingkungan fisik.
Study on the maximum value of flight distance based on the fractional differential equation for calculating the best path of shot put
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Alahmadi Dimah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
From the perspective of physics, this article analyzes the various factors that affect the distance of shot put in the process of actual shot put. Based on the actual situation, it uses fractional calculus and physical formulas to calculate the shot throw distance and to conduct a comprehensive analysis. The experiment confirms that the three factors that affect the shot flying distance are the shot angle, shot speed, and shot height and analyzes the relationship between these three factors and the impact of each univariate on the shot flying distance. The analysis results show that among the three factors, the shot speed has the greatest impact on the flight distance, followed by the shot angle, and the shot height has the least effect; moreover, the optimal shot angle is not a specific value but a general range.
Aleksandr Bogdanov and Sergei Eisenstein on Emotions: The Affectional, the Theory of Expressiveness, and the Emotional Script
Authors: Bugaeva Lyubov 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Empiriomonism, Aleksandr Bogdanov introduces the term ‘affectional’ that he borrowed from Richard Avenarius but revised in the light of William James’s theory of emotions. The ‘affectional’ is an index of energy balance between suffering and pleasure. Employing Bogdanov’s revised notions of affectional as an element of any organization or complex, Sergei Eisenstein develops the principles of expressivity. He sees emotions as an organism’s embodied reaction to its interaction with the environment. Eisenstein proposes a notion of an emotional script, which is a narrative of a prospective viewer telling what has impressed him. Aleksandr Rzheshevskiy, a scriptwriter of Eisenstein’s never completed ‘Bezhin Meadow’ (1937), became an ‘emotional scriptwriter’ in practice. The paper investigates the relations between Bogdanov’s notions of the affectional, Eisenstein’s theory of expressiveness, and the emotional script as conceived by Eisenstein and realized by Rzheshevskiy.
Aleksandr Bogdanov’s Tektology: A Proletarian Science of Construction
Authors: Poustilnik Simona 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Russian Darwinism developed without Malthus – without the struggle for existence. There is a remarkable link connecting the understanding of the Russian Darwinists of ‘natural podbor’ as ‘fine-tuning’ by nature and Aleksandr Bogdanov’s concept of tektological ‘podbor’ (‘assembling’) as the universal mechanism of the construction of any organization. Bogdanov’s conception of the universal phenomenon of ‘organization’ as an expedient combination of active elements and his attempt to construct a collective tektological ‘personality-organization’ possessed a conceptual creative power and influenced the work of the Soviet Constructivists. Conceptions of ‘assembling’ similar to those expressed in Tektology provided Constructivists with a scientific rationale, projects and terminology for their experiments in a new ‘production art’. They constructed expedient and functional art objects from a tektological point of view – as organizational art objects. Tektological ‘podbor’ – ‘assembling’ as a universal mechanism for construction – provided the Constructivists with a real method for constructing an expedient art-object by way of a ‘cinematic assembly’ of the elements.
Aleksandr Bogdanov and Lenin on “Things-In-Themselves”
Authors: Oittinen Vesa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Questions on the theory of cognition formed one of the focal points in the dispute between orthodox Russian Marxists and Aleksandr Bogdanov and his followers. Bogdanov was an adherent of Mach’s theory, which abandoned Kant’s concept of “things-in-themselves” (Ding an sich) outside the cognizing subject. According to Mach and Bogdanov, there is no need to duplicate human experience in appearances given in the senses and things behind these appearances. The orthodox Marxists, Lenin as well as Plekhanov, insisted that Kant’s concept of things-in-themselves should be retained, but in a modified form: the things-in-themselves do not form a limit to our knowledge, as Kant (allegedly) thought, but turn into “things-for-us” in the everyday processes of material and scientific production. Both solutions, the Machian and the orthodox Marxist, have their problems. In the Soviet era, Lenin was depicted as the winner of the dispute. But a closer examination of Bogdanov’s arguments shows that he actually found some weak points in Lenin’s conception. However, this does not mean that Lenin’s critique of Bogdanov as a subjectivist in his theory of cognition was groundless.
Aleksandr Bogdanov’s Sociology of the Arts
Authors: Biggart John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aleksandr Bogdanov’s theory of culture has been outlined in a number of key works on his life and work.
See Sochor (1998); Mally (1990); White (2019b).
The purpose of the present article is to situate his ideas on the social function of the arts within the framework of his theory of culture. I point out that, whereas in his general theory of social consciousness Bogdanov acknowledged his indebtedness to Marx, he considered that in respect of the arts he had improved on Marx, who had viewed the arts as a mere “embellishment of life”. I argue that for Bogdanov, “proletarian culture” was not the working class “mentalité” of his time, but a state of mind that with the assistance of his brainchild, the Proletarian Cultural-Educational Organization, would evolve in the direction of a collectivist, “all-human”, culture. I explain that the didacticism of this approach antagonized a number of writers of proletarian origin. This article is based on works by Bogdanov, few of which have been re-published in post-Soviet Russia and most of which are not available in other languages. It will enable culturologists and other scholars to include Bogdanov in the history of the sociology of the arts, an exercise that has hitherto been impeded by Soviet censorship of his works, under-tuition of the Russian language, and a scarcity of relevant translations.