bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic fracture behavior of hygrothermally degraded carbon epoxy composites
Authors: Pittman Emily R , Lamberson Leslie E 
Published: April 2022

Composite structures used in aerospace, automotive, and military applications are often subjected to aggressive marine or water environments during their service life that can cause material degradation over time. Many composites absorb moisture when exposed to wet environments which may affect their microstructure, consequently influencing their bulk material properties and performance. Additionally, certain applications may require them to be subjected to seawater environments where the addition of saline can further degrade the material over time. This experimental investigation examines the effects of moisture absorption and saline on the dynamic fracture behavior of unidirectional carbon epoxy composites. To accelerate mass absorption, samples were soaked in elevated temperature baths (70°C) of either ASTM standard seawater or distilled water. To explore the role of absorption duration on the dynamic fracture behavior, soaking time varied between 3.5 hours and longer than 4 months. Pre-cracked specimens were impacted using a long-bar striker device at 4 m/s, to instigate a dominantly Mode-I (opening) fracture response. Digital image correlation was used in conjunction with ultra-high-speed imaging to track the crack tip surface displacements and an elastodynamic solution for an orthotropic material leveraged to extract the stress intensity factor (SIF) up to and at initiation. The critical SIF of the soaked samples is compared with results from a group of ambient condition, unsoaked samples. Results suggest that moisture absorption causes the matrix to expand and introduce microcracks or delamination between plies as the composite swells to accommodate the additional water, inversely affecting the material resistance to fracture.
Thermal behavior of the ZrB2 skeleton infiltrated with Cu and CuCrZr alloy
Authors: Koráb Juraj , Balog Martin , Žemlička Matúš , Drienovský Marián , Španielka Ján , Kováčik Jaroslav , Dvorák Tomáš , Štefánik Pavol 
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the thermal behavior of ZrB2 skeletal material (38% porosity) infiltrated with pure Cu or CuCrZr alloy. Gas-assisted pressure infiltration technology was used to prepare the composites. Thermal diffusivity, density and specific heat measurements were used to calculate the thermal conductivity—the room temperature values of the Cu-ZrB2 and the CuCrZr-ZrB2 material were 157 W m−1 K−1 and 146 W m−1 K−1, respectively, and they decreased with increasing temperature. Analysis of the results showed significant influence of the interface on the thermal conductivity of the CuCrZr-ZrB2 composite. The results indicate that the improved interfacial conductivity was formed due to the presence of the Zr in both the copper alloy and the ceramic skeleton. During infiltration, Zr atoms diffused from the liquid metal to the interface between the metal and the matrix. Here, they created a layer that had metal-related properties. The layer improved wettability of the interface and at the same time the thermal conductivity of the whole composite. The values were compared with the data of the Cu–graphite composite made by the powder metallurgical route where heat transfer through the interface approaches zero. Obtained experimental data were analyzed using the Differential Effective Media (DEM) technique, showing high thermal conductance of the interface between the CuCrZr metal matrix and ceramic skeleton.
The Effectiveness of a Mindfulness Induction as a Buffer Against Stress Among University Students With and Without a History of Self-Injury
Authors: Petrovic Julia , Bastien Laurianne , Mettler Jessica , Heath Nancy L. 
Published: April 2022

Stressful experiences are abundant in university and students with a history of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) may be hyper-reactive to stress. While brief mindfulness inductions have been proposed as a buffer against acute stress, whether they function differently in students with a history of NSSI remains in question. This study sought to explore the impact of an online mindfulness induction on (a) two facets of state mindfulness (i.e., mind and body) and (b) state stress, following a stress induction task, in university students with versus without a history of NSSI. Participants were Canadian university students with ( n = 82; Mage = 21.30 years, SD = 2.92; 87.8% female) and without ( n = 82; Mage = 21.71 years, SD = 3.18; 87.8% female) a history of NSSI, matched on gender, age, and faculty, who completed baseline (T1) measures of state stress and state mindfulness. Participants were randomly assigned to complete a mindfulness induction or an active control task. All participants then underwent a stress induction, and again completed measures of state stress and state mindfulness (T2). Results from three-way mixed ANOVAs revealed that state stress increased from T1 to T2 for all participants, regardless of group or condition. Among those assigned to the control condition, state mindfulness of the body was lower at T2 for participants with a history of NSSI compared to those without such a history. However, participants with a history of NSSI who completed the mindfulness induction reported greater state mindfulness of the body at T2 than students with a history of NSSI who completed an active control task. Findings highlight the unique response of university students with a history of NSSI to a brief mindfulness induction. Implications are discussed in the context of future research and clinical applications.
Patient perspectives of lithium and quetiapine augmentation treatment in treatment-resistant depression: A qualitative assessment
Authors: McKeown Lucas , Taylor Rachael W , Day Elana , Shah Rupal , Marwood Lindsey , Tee Helena , Kerr-Gaffney Jess , Oprea Emanuella , Geddes John R , McAllister-Williams R Hamish , Young Allan H , Cleare Anthony J 
Published: April 2022

Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has a profound cost to patients and healthcare services worldwide. Pharmacological augmentation is one therapeutic option for TRD, with lithium and quetiapine currently recommended as first-line agents. Patient opinions about pharmacological augmentation may affect treatment outcomes, yet these have not been systematically explored. Aims: This study aimed to qualitatively assess patient experiences of lithium and quetiapine augmentation. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 patients from the ongoing lithium versus quetiapine open-label trial comparing these augmentation agents in patients with TRD. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and a thematic analysis was used to assess patient opinions of each agent. Results: Four main themes were generated from the thematic analysis: ‘Initial concerns’, ‘Experience of side effects’, ‘Perception of treatment efficacy’ and ‘Positive perception of treatment monitoring’. Patient accounts indicated a predominantly positive experience of lithium and quetiapine augmentation. Greater apprehension about side effects was reported for lithium prior to treatment initiation, but greater experience of negative side effects was reported for quetiapine. Clinical monitoring was perceived positively. Conclusion: Patient accounts suggested treatment augmentation with lithium or quetiapine was acceptable and helpful for most patients. However, anticipation and experiences of adverse side effects may prevent some patients from benefitting from these treatments.
Interactive Contribution of Observed Mother-Youth Emotional Climate and Youth Physiology: A Biopsychosocial Approach to Understanding Youth Coping With Peer Stress
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Tu Kelly M. , McElwain Nancy L. 
Published: April 2022

We examined the prospective associations between two indicators of mother-youth emotional climate (i.e., maternal affect, dyadic cohesiveness) during a peer problem discussion and youth coping with peer stress following entry into middle school. We also investigated youth baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as a moderator of these associations given its role in physiological stress regulation. Participants were 100 mother-youth dyads (53% boys; Mage = 11.05 years; 43% ethnic minorities). More positive maternal affect at Time 1 (spring of 5th grade) was associated with more primary and secondary control engagement coping and advice-seeking at Time 2 (fall of 6th grade); greater dyadic cohesiveness was prospectively linked with more advice-seeking only. Further, the positive association between maternal affect and primary control coping was only evident for youth who showed lower (not higher) baseline RSA. We discuss implications for jointly considering the mother-youth relational context and youth physiological regulatory capacity towards understanding coping socialization.
Effectiveness of non-uniform thickness on a locking compression plate used as a biodegradable bone implant plate
Authors: Singh Gourav , Pandey Ajay , Chandra Girish 
Published: April 2022

Conventional locking compression plate (LCP) made of non-biodegradable materials are well-known bone implants for internal fracture fixation because of their proven experimental success. LCP, however, is mechanically underpowered when made up of biodegradable materials (even with Mg-alloy). The biodegradable implant plate should not only exhibit adequate mechanical performance during implantation but also perform well after fracture, at least until complete healing of the fractured bone. With the aim of achieving enhanced mechanical performance, the design of the LCP has been modified to the design of Biodegradable Locking Compression Plate (BLCP) by adding a suitable thickness in the middle (only 4.6% of the total volume of the LCP), which may help retain some additional strength during implantation and after degradation. Both BLCP and LCP have been comparatively analyzed via FEM with the aid of axial compression and four-point bending tests. BLCP has a better mechanical capability of withstanding loads in its degraded form than in its non-degradable form. Furthermore, BLCP is up to 15.83% mechanically better in the non-degraded form as compared to LCP, which again becomes up to 100% more mechanically adequate in the degraded forms of BLCP than in LCP. BLCP is found safe for degradation up to 2 mm or 6 months with an estimated degradation rate of 4 mm/year, which may allow it to support fractured bone for at least the standard healing time. BLCP can be considered as a superior biodegradable bone implant plate after experimental assurance with the physiological environment and may replace LCP.
School Bullying Victimization and Associated Factors Among School-Aged Adolescents in China
Authors: Meng Yanyuan , Yang Yaming , Lin Ping , Xiao Yue , Sun Yan , Qian Yining , Gu Jiachang , Fei Gaoqiang , Sun Qiannan , Jiang Xuanli , Wang Xiaoyu , Stallones Lorann , Xiang Henry , Zhang Xujun 
Published: April 2022

There has been a significant amount of research on correlates of bullying victimization, but most prior studies are descriptive and do not distinguish between different types of bullying. The current study used a case-control study design to explore factors related to different types of bullying victimization, including physical, relational, verbal, sexual, property, and poly-bullying victimization. This study was conducted in a southern city in China, including 3054 cases who self-reported being victims of school bullying and 3054 controls who reported not being involved in any school bullying in the past 12 months. Each victim case was matched with a control on gender, school, and grade level. Univariate logistic analyses and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with being a victim of school bullying. Results suggest physical bullying victimization was only associated with a family-level characteristic (parenting style) while the other four types of bullying victimization (relational, verbal, sexual, and property bullying) and poly-bullying victimization were associated with multiple social domain variables at individual, family, and school levels. Findings from this study provide evidence of factors for different types of bullying victimization and have implications for potential measures to prevent bullying. Measures from multiple social domains, including individual, family and school (e.g., developing healthy behaviors, improving social skills, positive parent-child interactions, building trust between teachers and peers, and forming strong friendships), should be considered in order to effectively prevent adolescent victimization from bullying.
The role of vehicle dynamics in train-induced ground vibrations and the detection of irregular axle-pulse responses due to a varying track support stiffness
Authors: Auersch Lutz 
Published: April 2022

Train-induced ground vibrations are all generated by the vehicle, by static or dynamic vehicle loads. The most important and most accepted excitation are the dynamic wheel loads from the passage over track irregularities. Dynamic wheel loads will be compared from parallel axle-box and ground vibration measurements at more than seven sites. Some low-frequency excitation of ground vibrations, typically between 10 and 30 Hz, cannot be found in the axle-box measurements. Therefore, other vehicle modes, such as rigid bogie modes, flexible carriage modes, rigid and flexible wheelset modes, have been analysed for additional excitation forces. These vehicle dynamics analyses give an explanation for higher axle-box results at high frequencies, but not for the excitation of the higher low-frequency ground-vibration component. Finally, the effect of the moving static train loads will be analysed. For a regular track and soil, the moving static train loads yield the quasi-static response which exists only in the low-frequency nearfield of the track. If the support stiffness is randomly varying along the track, the pulses on the track generate an additional low-frequency component which is called the irregular pulse responses. This component will be demonstrated by numerical analysis where all axle pulses are superposed in frequency domain.
Genetic and Epigenetic Constructs of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Debnath Monojit , Dey Saikat , Sreenivas Nikhitha , Pal Pramod Kumar , Yadav Ravi 
Published: April 2022

Background:Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rapidly progressive primary tauopathy characterized by vertical gaze palsy, postural instability, and mild dementia. PSP shows high clinical and pathologic heterogeneity. Although a few risk factors exist, such as advanced age and environmental toxins, the precise etiology remains largely elusive. Compelling evidence now suggests that genetic background plays a pivotal role in the pathogenetic pathways of PSP. Notably, PSP is genetically and phenotypically a complex disorder. Given the tau pathology, several studies in the past have identified microtubule-associated protein tau ( MAPT) gene mutations/variations and its haplotype as the major genetic risk factor of PSP, both in the sporadic and the familial forms. Subsequently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) also identified several novel risk variants. However, these genetic risk determinants fail to explain the pathogenetic basis of PSP and its phenotypic spectrum in majority of the cases. Some genetic variants are known to confer the risk, while others seem to act as modifier genes.Summary:Besides the complex genetic basis of PSP, the pathobiological mechanisms, differential diagnosis, and management of patients with PSP have further been complicated by genetic conditions that mimic the phenotypes of PSP. This is now becoming increasingly apparent that interactions between genetic and environmental factors significantly contribute to PSP development. Further, the effect of environmental factors seems to be mediated through epigenetic modifications.Key message:Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic and epigenetic constructs of PSP and highlight the relevance of genetic and epigenetic findings in the pathobiology of PSP.
Labour agency in the future of work: Shenzhen’s maker community
Authors: Xia Bingqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince emerging around 2010, maker culture and the maker movement have drawn little attention from digital labour research. This article fills the gap by exploring sociocultural dynamics that have emerged in maker culture, such as how makers in China mobilise their agency to struggle for a path forward to achieve decent work and a better society. The article first reviews research on the Chinese maker community as well as digital labour, in particular the dualism of exploitation and workplace resistance in current digital labour research. It argues that makers, in the case studied, mobilise certain agency initiating from sociocultural dynamics beyond the framework of exploitation. The article then explicates the argument with cases collected from our fieldwork in Shenzhen’s maker community in July–August 2017. It shows makers’ practices originating from the open-source ethos, such as an awareness of sharing and mutual support in moulding a ‘micro-innovation’ model, and in creating products that aim to benefit vulnerable communities and build up a sustainable ecosystem. The article thus turns the current economic discussion on maker culture in a new direction: the sociocultural impact of the maker movement. Furthermore, it suggests that this research on the sociocultural impact fills the gap between existing digital labour research and maker studies.
Reintervention rate in glaucoma filtering surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marolo Paola , Reibaldi Michele , Fallico Matteo , Maugeri Andrea , Barchitta Martina , Agodi Antonella , Parisi Guglielmo , Caselgrandi Paolo , Ventre Luca , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose Reintervention rate is an important factor impacting on patients, surgeons, and society. To date, only a few studies have focused on this topic. For this reason, a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the reintervention rate after glaucoma filtering surgery. Materials and Methods Prospective studies reporting the reintervention rate after glaucoma filtering surgery and with at least 12 months of follow-up were systematically searched on PubMed, Medline and Embase databases. The primary outcome was the total reintervention rate following surgery. Secondary outcomes were: the rate of manipulation, in-clinic and in-operating room reintervention; the reintervention rate for intraocular pressure (IOP) control and for complications; demographic, clinical and surgical variables associated with reintervention rate. Results Ninety-three studies with a total of 8345 eyes were eligible. The total reintervention rate was 1.84 (95% CI 1.57–2.13), with a lower rate for Baerveldt (0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.83) and Preserflo (0.60, 95% CI 0.15–1.29), and a higher rate for Xen (4.26, 95% CI 2.59–6.31). The manipulation rate was 0.99 (95% CI 0.77–1.23), the in-clinic reintervention rate was 0.08 (95% CI 0.05–0.12) and the in-operating room reintervention rate was 0.28 (95% CI 0.22–0.35). The reintervention rate for IOP control was 1.26 (95% CI 1.04–1.51) and the reintervention rate for complications was 0.27 (95% CI 0.21–0.35). Conclusions All types of surgery presented a total reintervention rate similar to the overall findings, except studies on Baerveldt and Preserflo Microshunt, with a lower rate, and Xen, with a higher rate. None of the variables evaluated were found to be directly associated with the explored outcomes.
A Trait-Based Consumer Segmentation for Food Waste Reduction Campaigns
Authors: Kutlu Mustafa Bilgehan 
Published: April 2022

Background: While there is still hunger in the world, a significant amount of food is wasted, which harms the environment. This study focuses on food waste at the consumer level and investigates the role of personality traits on food-waste-aversion. Focus of the Article: Segmentation with personality traits for food waste reduction campaigns. Research Question: Is there a link between personality traits and food-waste-aversion? Are there any associations among consumers’ levels of food-waste-aversion, frugality, conscientiousness, and religiosity? Importance to the Social Marketing Field: Segmentation is a neglected marketing tool in designing campaigns against food waste. This study identifies possible market segments of social marketing campaigns against food waste. In addition, associations among food-waste-aversion and personality traits of conscientiousness, frugality, and religiosity are shown in this study. Methods: This study adopts a cross-sectional research design. A convenience sample of 301 consumers in Turkey is surveyed via an online questionnaire. Results: Results of Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analysis indicate five distinct consumer segments, namely frugal believers, frugal seculars, conscientious individuals, casual females, and casual males. Moreover, positive associations ( p < 0.001) among food-waste-aversion and personality traits of conscientiousness, frugality, and religiosity are shown. Recommendations for Research or Practice: This study provides a segmentation procedure with the trait perspective. Frugality, conscientiousness, and religiosity traits can play an essential role in food waste reduction. Targeting individuals with communications fit with their personality is likely to increase the success of food waste reduction interventions. Limitations: Due to a lack of behavioral data, this study investigates food waste at the attitudinal level. Further study could use behavioral measures. In addition, the majority of participants in the survey are Muslim. In order to validate research findings across different cultures, it should be carried out in other countries.