bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esophageal abnormalities and the risk for gastroesophageal cancers—a histopathology-register-based study in Sweden
Authors: Ekheden Isabella , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Yin Li , Elbe Peter , Ye Weimin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The poor survival of patients with gastroesophageal cancers may improve if additional esophageal precursor lesions to Barrett’s esophagus and squamous dysplasia are identified. We estimated the risk for gastroesophageal cancers among patients with various histopathological abnormalities in the esophagus, including Barrett’s esophagus, subdivided by histopathological types.

Methods
Histopathology data from esophageal biopsies obtained 1979–2014 were linked with several national population-based registers in Sweden. Patients were followed from 2 years after the first biopsy date until cancer, death, emigration, esophagectomy/gastrectomy or end of follow-up, 31st of December 2016, whichever came first. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) as measures of relative risk with the Swedish general population as reference.

Results
In total 367 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cases were ascertained during 831,394 person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate (IR) for EAC was 0.1 per 1000 person-years for normal morphology, 0.2–0.5 for inflammatory changes, and 0.8–2.9 for metaplasia. The IR was 1.0 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 0.7–1.3) among patients with non-dysplastic intestinal metaplasia, 0.9 (0.8–1.1) in non-dysplastic gastric/glandular metaplasia and 2.9 (2.0–4.2) among columnar metaplasia patients with low-grade dysplasia. The SIRs were 11.7 (95% confidence interval 8.6–15.5), 12.0 (10.0–14.2) and 30.2 (20.5–42.8), respectively. The SIRs for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) were moderately elevated.

Conclusions
For the first time, we demonstrate that patients with esophageal inflammatory and other metaplastic abnormalities than Barrett’s esophagus have an increased risk of EAC and GCA compared to the general population. Moreover, patients with different histopathologic subtypes of Barrett’s esophagus have a comparable risk for EAC.
Balancing earliness and tardiness within workload control order release: an assessment by simulation
Authors: Haeussler Stefan , Neuner Philipp , Thürer Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMost Workload Control literature assumes that delivery performance is determined by tardiness related performance measures only. While this may be true for companies that directly deliver to end-customers, for make-to-stock companies or firms that are part of supply chains, producing early often means large inventories in the finished goods warehouse or penalties incurred by companies downstream in the supply chain. Some earlier Workload Control studies used a so-called time limit, which constrains the set of jobs that can be considered for order release, to reduce earliness. However, recent literature largely abandoned the time limit since it negatively impacts tardiness performance. This study revisits the time limit, assessing the use of different adaptive policies that restrict its use to periods of either low or high load. By using a simulation model of a pure job shop, the study shows that an adaptive policy allows to balance the contradictory objectives of delaying the release of orders to reduce earliness and to release orders early to respond to periods of high load as quick as possible. Meanwhile, only using a time limit in periods of high load was found to be the best policy.
The effect of Cr alloying on defect migration at Ni grain boundaries
Authors: Uberuaga Blas P. , Simonnin Pauline , Rosso Kevin M. , Schreiber Daniel K. , Asta Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMass transport along grain boundaries in alloys depends not only on the atomic structure of the boundary, but also its chemical make-up. In this work, we use molecular dynamics to examine the effect of Cr alloying on interstitial and vacancy-mediated transport at a variety of grain boundaries in Ni. We find that, in general, Cr tends to reduce the rate of mass transport, an effect which is greatest for interstitials at pure tilt boundaries. However, there are special scenarios in which it can greatly enhance atomic mobility. Cr tends to migrate faster than Ni, though again this depends on the structure of the grain boundary. Further, grain boundary mobility, which is sometimes pronounced for pure Ni grain boundaries, is eliminated on the time scales of our simulations when Cr is present. We conclude that the enhanced transport and grain boundary mobility often seen in this system in experimental studies is the result of non-equilibrium effects and is not intrinsic to the alloyed grain boundary. These results provide new insight into the role of grain boundary alloying on transport that can help in the interpretation of experimental results and the development of predictive models of materials evolution.
Ab initio aided design of novel quaternary, quinary and senary high-entropy borocarbides
Authors: Hedman Daniel , Feltrin Ana C. , Miyamoto Yoshiyuki , Akhtar Farid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh-entropy materials have attracted considerable interest due to their unique, improved properties and large configurational entropy. Out of these, high-entropy ceramics (HECs) are of particular interest since the independent solubility of cations and anions results in increased configurational entropy. However, most HEC research considers only a single element occupying the anion sublattice, which limits the maximum attainable configurational entropy. Here, we expand our previous work on high-entropy borocarbides where both boron and carbon occupy the anion sublattice. By applying an ab initio based screening procedure, we identify six elements Li, Ti, V, Zr, Nb and Hf suitable for forming high-entropy borocarbides. With these elements, we propose six novel HEC compositions, and by computing their entropy forming ability, we identify that three are likely to form single-phase during synthesis. Material properties and lattice distortions for all proposed compositions are studied using density functional theory calculations with special quasirandom structures. The directional lattice distortions, a concept we introduce in this work, show that lattice distortions have an elemental and directional preference for certain HEC compositions. We also show that the novel inclusion of Li improves the mechanical properties of the proposed HECs, the details of which are studied using the electron localization function.
A systematic review on 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives as emissive materials in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kagatikar Sneha , Sunil Dhanya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have garnered significant research attention owing to their immense application prospects in leading technologies for full-color flat panel displays and eco-friendly solid-state lighting. They demonstrate exceptional features such as mercury-free construction, wide viewing angle, superior color quality and captivating flexibility. The requirements of light-emitting organic materials pertaining to high stability, lifetime and luminescence quantum yield, combined with the fabrication of devices with high performance efficiency, are highly challenging. Rational molecular design of 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) derivatives can offer quite promising results in achieving standard-light-emitting materials with a wide range of colors for OLED applications. This review is mainly focused on the synthesis and usage of varyingly substituted NI frameworks as luminescent host, dopant, hole-blocking and electron-transporting materials for OLEDs that emit not only red, orange, green and blue colors, but also function as white emitters, which can really have an impact on reducing the energy consumption. The future prospects that could be explored to improve the research in the highly promising field of OLEDs are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Automated analysis of platelet microstructures using a feature length orientation space
Authors: Campbell A. , Murray P. , Yakushina E. , Borocco A. , Dokladal P. , Decencière E. , Ion W. , Marshall S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ability to measure elongated structures such as platelets and colonies, is an important step in the microstructural analysis of many materials. Widely used techniques and standards require extensive manual interaction making them slow, laborious, difficult to repeat and prone to human error. Automated approaches have been proposed but often fail when analysing complex microstructures. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a new, automated image analysis technique, to reliably assess platelet microstructure. Tools from Mathematical Morphology are designed to probe the image and map the response onto a new feature-length orientation space (FLOS). This enables automated measurement of key microstructural features such as platelet width, orientation, globular volume fraction, and colony size. The method has a wide field of view, low dependency on input parameters, and does not require prior thresholding, common in other automated analysis techniques. Multiple datasets of complex Titanium alloys were used to evaluate the new techniques which are shown to match measurements from expert materials scientists using recognized standards, while drastically reducing measurement time and ensuring repeatability. The per-pixel measurement style of the technique also allows for the generation of useful colourmaps, that aid further analysis and provide evidence to increase user confidence in the quantitative measurements.
Toll-like receptor 4 agonist-based nanoparticles orchestrate protection against sepsis
Authors: Zhao Yongxiang , Lv Xinjing , Huang Jie , Zhou Huiting , Wang Hairong , Wang Jian , Zhao He 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by severe infection and uncontrolled host immune response, threatens the health of people all over the world. Herein, a type of nanoparticle formulation with simple components is synthesized by encapsulating monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a TLR4 agonist, with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle. The obtained nanoparticles (MPLA@PLGA) could provide Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced sepsis protection by regulating the immune system after sepsis challenge, including promoting the levels of various cytokines, boosting the percentage of natural killer cells and accelerating bacterial clearance. Notably, the survival mice pre-treated with these nanoparticles could resist repeated E. coli-induced sepsis. Our work therefore provides the great promise of MPLA@PLGA nanoparticles as a simple yet effective nano-drug for prevention and protection against E. coli-induced sepsis.
Efficient near-infrared quantum cutting by cooperative energy transfer in Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ phosphors
Authors: Zhezhera T. , Gluchowski P. , Nowicki M. , Chrunik M. , Majchrowski A. , Kosyl K. M. , Kasprowicz D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An efficient near-infrared quantum cutting process by cooperative down-conversion of active Bi3+ and Nd3+ ions was demonstrated in Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ phosphors. In particular, the near-infrared emission of Nd3+ ions enhanced by Bi3+ ions of a series of novel Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ microcrystalline powders doped with Nd3+ ions in various concentrations was investigated. In order to investigate the luminescent properties of BTBO:Nd3+ powders, the excitation and emission spectra and the fluorescence decay time were measured and analyzed. In particular, the emission of Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ at 890 and 1064 nm was excited at 327 nm (via energy transfer from Bi3+ ions) and at 586.4 nm (directly by Nd3+ ions). The highest intensity emission bands in near-infrared were detected in the spectra of Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ doped with 5.0 and 0.5 at.% of Nd3+ ions upon excitation in ultraviolet and visible spectral range, respectively. The fluorescence decay lifetime monitored at 1064 nm for Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ powders shows the single- or double-exponential character depending on the concentrations of Nd3+ ions. The possible mechanisms of energy relaxation after excitation Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ powders in ultraviolet or visible spectral range were discussed. The investigated Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ phosphors efficiently concentrate the ultraviolet/visible radiation in the near-infrared spectral range and can be potentially used as effective spectral converters.

Graphical abstract
Glassy carbon manufacture using rapid photonic curing
Authors: de Boode Brent , Phillips Chris , Lau Yin Cheung , Adomkevicius Arturas , McGettrick James , Deganello Davide 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhotonic curing was explored as a rapid method for producing glassy carbon coatings, reducing processing time from ~ 20 h for conventional thermal processing down to ~ 1 min. A resole-type thermoset polymer resin coated on steel foil was used as a precursor, placed in a nitrogen purged container and exposed to high energy light (~ 27 J/cm2 per pulse for up to 20 pulses). Comparison samples were produced at 800 °C using a conventional nitrogen purged thermal route. For both photonic and conventionally produced coatings, Raman spectroscopy and primary peak XPS data showed sp2 bonded carbon, indicative of bulk glassy carbon. This transformation evolved with increasing number of pulses, and therefore amount of energy transferred to the coating. The produced coatings were resilient, highly smooth, with no evidence of surface defects. XPS analysis indicated greater sp3 content at the immediate surface (5–10 nm) for photonic cured carbon compared with thermally cured carbon, likely due to the local environment (temperature, atmosphere) around the surface during conversion. The ability to rapidly manufacture glassy carbon coatings provides new opportunities to expand the window of applications of glassy carbons in coatings towards large-scale high volume applications.
Problems seeded in the past: lagged effects of historical land-use changes can cause an extinction debt in long-lived species due to movement limitation
Authors: Jiménez-Franco María V. , Graciá Eva , Rodríguez-Caro Roberto C. , Anadón José D. , Wiegand Thorsten , Botella Francisco , Giménez Andrés 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Context
Land-use change is one of the main threats to biodiversity on the global scale. Legacy effects of historical land-use changes may affect population dynamics of long-lived species, but they are difficult to evaluate through observational studies alone. We present here an interdisciplinary modelling approach as an alternative to address this problem in landscape ecology.

Objectives
Assess effects of agricultural abandonment and anthropisation on the population dynamics of long-lived species. Specifically, we evaluated: (a) how changes in movement patterns caused by land-use change might impact population dynamics; (b) time-lag responses of demographic variables in relation to land-use changes.

Methods
We applied an individual-based and spatial-explicit simulation model of the spur-tighed tortoise (Testudo graeca), an endangered species, to sequences of real-world landscape changes representing agricultural abandonment and anthropisation at the local scale. We analysed different demographic variables and compared an “impact scenario” (i.e., historical land-use changes) with a “control scenario” (no land-use changes).

Results
While agricultural abandonment did not lead to relevant changes in demographic variables, anthropisation negatively affected the reproductive rate, population density and the extinction probability with time-lag responses of 20, 30 and 130 years, respectively, and caused an extinction debt of 22%.

Conclusions
We provide an understanding of how changes in animal movement driven by land-use changes can translate into lagged impacts on demography and, ultimately, on population viability. Implementation of proactive mitigation management are needed to promote landscape connectivity, especially for long-lived species for which first signatures of an extinction debt may arise only after decades.
Assessment of potential sediment disasters and resilience management of mountain roads using environmental indicators
Authors: Lin Chao-Yuan , Lai Yuan-Chung , Wu Shao-Wei , Mo Fan-Chung , Lin Cheng-Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, extreme rainfall events occur frequently, causing serious watershed sediment disasters, destroying mountain roads, and endangering the safety of residents' lives and property. This study aims to deal with the spatial change of potential sediment movement on the road slope pre-disaster and to screen disaster hot spots for early warning and control system. The conceptual model is used to simulate the distribution of primary and/or derived disasters on a watershed scale to assess the impact of sediment disasters caused by heavy rain event. Correlation analysis shows that the models in assessment of primary disaster and derived disaster are significantly correlated with the collapse ratio and disaster ratio, respectively. Since the primary disaster has been considered when calculating the derived disaster risk, the terrain subdivision along Provincial Highway 21 (Tai-21) is extracted to understand the derived sediment disaster on the road slope. The model can effectively evaluate the road sections prone to disasters. According to the risk level, the hot spot of road slope disasters and the management of disaster resilience are determined and can be the reference for disaster prevention and control.
Unmet Aspirations and Urban Malaise
Authors: Hanell Tomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the gap between human aspirations concerning self-enhancement and corresponding outcomes in ten western European countries. Utilizing individual data for 14,300 respondents from the European Social Survey, four self-enhancement gap metrics are created: (1) the Ambition gap; (2) the Success gap; (3) the Wealth gap; and (4) the Authority gap. The findings suggest that subjective well-being (SWB) appears to be higher in rural than in urban communities. One reason for lower SWB among urban residents relates to their higher aspirations in certain areas of life. However, urban areas are apparently able to meet the financial expectations of their inhabitants far better than rural areas are, whereas an unmet craving for, e.g., success in rural areas appears not to affect SWB at all. Overall, there is a strong association between unmet aspirations and lower satisfaction with life. The added value of this paper is that it goes beyond existing explanations of the reasons behind urban malaise in developed economies.
Tools zur Stärkung der organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz in Einrichtungen für Menschen mit Behinderung: eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Lutz Judith , Salewski Lena 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Nationale Aktionsplan zur Gesundheitskompetenz (NAP GK) fordert eine nutzerfreundliche und gesundheitskompetente Entwicklung des Gesundheitswesens. Differenziert nach einzelnen Handlungsfeldern und Akteursgruppen existieren bereits zahlreiche Tools zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz bspw. für die Versorgung in Krankenhäusern. Einrichtungen der Behindertenhilfe wurden bislang selten als Lebenswelt zur Entwicklung und Stärkung der organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz adressiert.

Fragestellung
Der Beitrag geht folgenden Fragen nach: 1) Welche Tools zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz liegen für Einrichtungen für Menschen mit Behinderung vor? 2) Welche Tools eignen sich zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz in den einzelnen Handlungsfeldern?

Methodik
Zur Ermittlung von Tools wurde eine systematische Recherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, Embase, CINAHL und PsycINFO durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden N = 1130 Treffer identifiziert und n = 116 Volltexte gesichtet. Die ausgewählten Tools (n = 35) wurden nach den acht Standards bzw. Handlungsfeldern einer gesundheitskompetenten Einrichtung sowie nach der Ebene (d. h. Einrichtung, Mitarbeitende, Nutzende) differenziert.

Ergebnisse
Für Einrichtungen der Behindertenhilfe wurden n = 35 Tools, gefunden und aufbereitet. Die meisten Tools lassen sich dem Handlungsfeld 6 „Gesundheitskompetenz der Nutzenden“ (n = 24) zuordnen. Für das Handlungsfeld 4 „Navigation“ konnten dagegen keine Tools gefunden werden.

Diskussion
Tools zur Stärkung der organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz von Einrichtungen der Behindertenhilfe sind v. a. für das englischsprachige Ausland vorzufinden. Diese sollten für den deutschsprachigen Raum adaptiert und erprobt werden. Für einige Handlungsfelder konnten keine Tools gefunden werden, sodass hier künftig geeignete Tools entwickelt werden sollten, um die Gesundheitskompetenz von Mitarbeitenden (d. h. Leitungs-, Fach- und Betreuungspersonal), Bewohner*innen und Klient*innen von Einrichtungen der Behindertenhilfe nachhaltig zu fördern.
Zusammenhänge zwischen religiös-spirituellen und berufsethischen Überzeugungen von Lehrkräften
Authors: Penthin Marcus , Christ Alexander , Kröner Stephan , Pirner Manfred L. , Scheunpflug Annette 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungOb persönliche religiös-weltanschauliche Überzeugungen von Lehrkräften deren berufliches Denken und Handeln beeinflussen und ob sie es beeinflussen sollten, ist immer wieder Gegenstand öffentlicher Diskussionen. Angesichts eines dahingehend unbefriedigenden Forschungsstands, insbesondere im europäischen Kontext, wurde der Erklärungswert von Religiosität und Spiritualität für die berufsethischen Überzeugungen von N = 1441 Lehrkräften an deutschen Schulen untersucht. Entgegen unseren präregistrierten Hypothesen klärten in Strukturgleichungsmodellen weder religiöse Überzeugungen noch religiöse Toleranz nennenswerte Varianz in verschiedenen Aspekten des Berufsethos auf. Ein größerer Erklärungswert ergab sich bei vergleichbaren Analysen für die spirituellen Überzeugungen, jedoch weniger für deren transzendente Aspekte als für die Dimension der „Verbundenheit mit anderen“. Diskutiert wird, dass es offensichtlich weniger die religiösen und transzendent-spirituellen Überzeugungen der Lehrkräfte sind, die einen Effekt auf ihre berufsethischen Überzeugungen haben, als eine damit tendenziell einhergehende altruistische Haltung.
The Impact of a Pandemic COVID-19 on the Incidence of Borreliosis in Poland
Authors: Piotrowski Mariusz , Rymaszewska Anna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease, caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes genus in Poland. The purpose of this analysis was whether the COVID-19 outbreak had a significant impact on the number of reported Lyme disease cases.

Materials and Methods
The data included in the World Health Organization (WHO) and the data from the “Reports on incidence of infectious diseases, infections and poisoning in Poland” presented by the Department of Epidemiology NIZP-PZH were analyzed.

Results
To the end of 2020, there were registered 12, 524 Lyme disease cases. In the same period, in 2018 and 2019 were registered, respectively, 20, 150 and 20, 614 Lyme disease cases. The overall number of Lyme disease cases in 2018 and 2019 was at a similar level. The monthly increase in the number of cases was also at a similar level. The year 2020 in January and February was characterized by the same increase in the number of cases as in previous years. The difference started to be noticeable in March and the lowered growth compared to the previous years has been maintained to this day. In December, about 8, 000 fewer cases of Lyme disease were registered than in previous years.

Conclusion
The reduced number of cases of Lyme disease coincided with the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland in March 2020. Every year, the incidence of Lyme disease in Poland is at a similar level with a similar monthly increase. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the number of cases recorded, which could have catastrophic consequences for people who did not receive treatment in the right time.