bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation and the persistence of monopoly under diseconomies of scope or scale
Authors: Delbono Flavio , Lambertini Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe participate in the lasting debate about the persistence of monopolies under technological change, by examining two deterministic games modelling innovation auctions. We highlight some novel aspects within such debate. If product innovation is at stake, the joint effect of diseconomies of scope and product differentiation may allow the entrant to acquire the innovation and give rise to a duopoly. Process innovation is analysed in a model with increasing marginal production costs to show that the innovating monopolist always uses both technologies by virtue of Jensen’s inequality, and this is sufficient but not necessary to preserve its monopoly power.
Artificial systematic attenuation in eta squared and some related consequences: attenuation-corrected eta and eta squared, negative values of eta, and their relation to Pearson correlation
Authors: Metsämuuronen Jari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn general linear modeling (GLM), eta squared (η2) is the dominant statistic for the explaining power of an independent variable. This article discusses a less-studied deficiency in η2: its values are seriously deflated, because the estimates by coefficient eta (η) are seriously deflated. Numerical examples show that the deflation in η may be as high as 0.50–0.60 units of correlation and in η2 as high as 0.70–0.80 units of explaining power. A simple mechanism to evaluate and correct the artificial attenuation is proposed. Because the formulae of η and point-biserial correlation are equal, η can also get negative values. While the traditional formulae give us only the magnitude of nonlinear association, a re-considered formula for η gives estimates with both magnitude and direction in binary cases, and a short-cut option is offered for the polytomous ones. Although the negative values of η are not relevant when η2 is of interest, this may be valuable additional information when η is used with non-nominal variables.
Confirmation and Structured Inquiry Teaching: Does It Improve Students’ Achievement Motivations in School Science?
Authors: Toma Radu Bogdan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGuided and open inquiry stands as a valuable instructional strategy for science education. Yet, confirmation and structured inquiry, which provides higher levels of teacher guidance, is more often enacted. These approaches, though more workable, remain unexplored in their effectiveness in improving achievement motivations. This study draws on expectancy-value theory to explore the effect of short-term confirmation and structured inquiry on students’ expectancies of success and intrinsic values in school science when compared to traditional lecture-based strategies. One hundred and nineteen Spanish sixth graders were assigned to three pedagogical conditions using classroom clusters: lecture (control group), confirmation inquiry, and structured inquiry. The intervention consisted of two units of three hours each. Findings revealed no statistically significant differences between pedagogical conditions. Overall, this study failed to find evidence of a difference in students’ expectancies of success and intrinsic value of school science when lecture, confirmation, or structured inquiry teaching strategies were used.
The role of bacterial signaling networks in antibiotics response and resistance regulation
Authors: Li Yuying , Feng Tao , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExcessive use of antibiotics poses a threat to public health and the environment. In ecosystems, such as the marine environment, antibiotic contamination has led to an increase in bacterial resistance. Therefore, the study of bacterial response to antibiotics and the regulation of resistance formation have become an important research field. Traditionally, the processes related to antibiotic responses and resistance regulation have mainly included the activation of efflux pumps, mutation of antibiotic targets, production of biofilms, and production of inactivated or passivation enzymes. In recent years, studies have shown that bacterial signaling networks can affect antibiotic responses and resistance regulation. Signaling systems mostly alter resistance by regulating biofilms, efflux pumps, and mobile genetic elements. Here we provide an overview of how bacterial intraspecific and interspecific signaling networks affect the response to environmental antibiotics. In doing so, this review provides theoretical support for inhibiting bacterial antibiotic resistance and alleviating health and ecological problems caused by antibiotic contamination.
Techno-economic assessment of a hybrid connected PV solar system
Authors: Falih Hasan , Hamed Ahmed J. , Khalifa Abdul Hadi N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current work was performed a techno-economic analysis of a 5-kWp capacity hybrid-connected solar system installed on the roof of a house at Diyala province, Iraq (33.77° N, 45.14° E, elevation 44 m). The rooftop PV solar system consists of 18 polycrystalline PV modules of 355 W each, an energy storage system consisting of 8 batteries of 150 Ah, 12 V, and an intelligent inverter of 5-kWp capacity. The PV string output energy and the load sharing between the PV output, the grid, and the discharging energy from the energy storage system are studied. While the economic assessment of the PV system is performed by calculating the net present value (NPV) depending on the discount cash flow method, from the results, the payback time is found. The PV system’s annual results showed that the PV system’s energy yield is 8.9 GWh/year, and the array efficiency, performance ratio, and load efficiency were 0.126, 0.66, and 0.92, respectively. The reference, array, and final yields were 6.1, 3.88, and 3.99 h/day, respectively. The minimum energy feed to the grid was in summer, and the maximum was in winter. On the other hand, the results showed that the maximum purchasing energy was in summer, and the less was in winter. The economic assessment showed that the minimum tariff for Iraq should not be less than 0.1 $/kWh with a PB time equal to PV lifetime; a tariff of 0.12 $/kWh is profitably for Iraq, as the PB time is 10 years.
Mining Boom and Contentious Politics across Central America: Elites, Movements and Party Systems
Authors: Edenhofer Nathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe metal-mining boom Latin America experienced in recent decades precipitated highly contentious anti-mining social movements in Central America. In this context, El Salvador became the first country in the world to ban all metal mining by law. In contrast, policy in nearby Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua remained pro-mining. These cases are compared using a most similar systems design. Comparison reveals the importance of three variables: how national economic-elite networks and interests relate to multinational corporations; national movement coordination and goals, specifically in relation to prohibition; and how parties and leaders relied on popular bases or capital. These factors shaped the contention between elites and movements that influenced state actions around mining and led to this ‘least likely case’ of extractive policy change in El Salvador.
Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
Authors: Toledo Rafael , Álvarez-Izquierdo María , Esteban J. Guillermo , Muñoz-Antoli Carla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, we review two of the most neglected intestinal food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis, caused by members of the family Echinostomatidae, and gastrodiscoidiasis produced by the amphistome Gastrodiscoides hominis. Both parasitic infections are important intestinal food-borne diseases. Humans become infected after ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked molluscs, fish, crustaceans, amphibians or aquatic vegetables. Thus, eating habits are essential to determine the distribution of these parasitic diseases and, traditionally, they have been considered as minor diseases confined to low-income areas, mainly in Asia. However, this scenario is changing and the population at risk are currently expanding in relation to factors such as new eating habits in developed countries, growing international markets, improved transportation systems and demographic changes. These aspects determine the necessity of a better understanding of these parasitic diseases. Herein, we review the main features of human echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis in relation to their biology, epidemiology, immunology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment.
The effects of acute tryptophan depletion on instrumental reward learning in anorexia nervosa – an fMRI study
Authors: Steding Julius , Ritschel Franziska , Boehm Ilka , Geisler Daniel , King Joseph A. , Roessner Veit , Smolka Michael N. , Zepf Florian Daniel , Ehrlich Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe serotonin (5-HT) hypothesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) posits that individuals predisposed toward or recovered from AN (recAN) have a central nervous hyperserotonergic state and therefore restrict food intake as a means to reduce 5-HT availability (via diminished tryptophan-derived precursor supply) and alleviate associated negative mood states. Importantly, the 5-HT system has also been generally implicated in reward processing, which has also been shown to be altered in AN.MethodsIn this double-blind crossover study, 22 individuals recAN and 25 healthy control participants (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing an established instrumental reward learning paradigm during acute tryptophan depletion (ATD; a dietary intervention that lowers central nervous 5-HT availability) as well as a sham depletion.ResultsOn a behavioral level, the main effects of reward and ATD were evident, but no group differences were found. fMRI analyses revealed a group × ATD × reward level interaction in the ventral anterior insula during reward anticipation as well as in the medial orbitofrontal cortex during reward consumption.DiscussionThe precise pattern of results is suggestive of a ‘normalization’ of reward-related neural responses during ATD in recAN compared to HC. Our results lend further evidence to the 5-HT hypothesis of AN. Decreasing central nervous 5-HT synthesis and availability during ATD and possibly also by dieting may be a means to normalize 5-HT availability and associated brain processes.
Thermal drift and backlash issues for industrial robots positioning performance
Authors: Le Reun Adrien , Subrin Kévin , Dubois Anthony , Garnier Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRobot positioning performance is studied in the scope of a robotized X-ray computed tomography application on a ABB IRB4600 robot. The robot has the “absolute accuracy” option, that is, the manufacturer has identified the manufacturing defects and included them in the robot control. Laser-tracker measurement on a 6.5-h long linear trajectory shows thermal drift and backlash issues, affecting the positioning unidirectional repeatability and bidirectional accuracy. A thermo-geometrical model with backlash compensation is developed. Geometrical calibration improves the forwards unidirectional mean accuracy from 1.39 to 0.06 mm between theoretical and optimized geometrical parameters with a stable thermal state. Thermo-geometrical calibration reduces the positioning scattering from a maximum of 0.15 to 0.05 mm (close to the repeatability of the robot). Backlash compensation improves the bidirectional mean accuracy from 1.53 to 0.07 mm.
Study on the design and control method of a wire-driven waist rehabilitation training parallel robot
Authors: Yuqi Wang , Jinjiang Cao , Ranran Geng , Lei Zhou , Lei Wang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the increasing demand for rehabilitation and the lack of professional rehabilitation personnel, robot-assisted rehabilitation technology plays an increasingly important role in neurological rehabilitation. In order to recover the exercise ability of patients with waist injury, a new type of wire-driven waist rehabilitation training parallel robot (WWRTPR) is designed. According to the motion trajectory planning of waist rehabilitation training, two coordinate systems are established: moving coordinate system and static coordinate system. The inverse kinematics modeling analysis is carried out, and the dynamic model of the robot is established by using Newton–Euler method. An intelligent control method of force/position hybrid control based on radial basis function neural network is proposed. The stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed, and the results show that WWRTPR tends to be stable. The simulation analysis of rehabilitation training on WWRTPR is carried out, and the simulation results show that the proposed intelligent control method can effectively control the robot system, which provides a reference for the development of a flexible intelligent rehabilitation training robot.
Acaciainvasion differentially impacts soil properties of two contrasting tropical lowland forests in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Jaafar Salwana Md. , Metali Faizah , Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvasiveAcaciaspecies are known to modify soil properties, although effects are often site-specific. We examined the impact ofAcaciaspecies on the soils of intact and invaded habitats of two contrasting tropical lowland rain forest types in Brunei Darussalam: heath forest (HF) and mixed dipterocarp forest (MDF). Impacts on soil properties differed between the two forest types. Overall,Acacia-invaded HF soil recorded significantly higher gravimetric water content, pH and total P, K and Ca compared to the intact HF soil. In contrast, invaded MDF soil exhibited significantly higher organic matter content and total soil N, P, K and Mg compared to its intact habitat.Acacia-invaded MDF soils were more nutrient-enriched thanAcacia-invaded HF soils by the addition of threefold, threefold and fourfold total soil P, K and Mg, respectively. The positive effect of addition of total soil Ca was, however, fourfold greater in HF soil than MDF soil, indicating that the magnitude of impact on soil properties was strongly site-specific. Overall,Acaciainvasion significantly impacted soil properties in nutrient-rich MDF more than those of nutrient-poor HFs, indicating a potential vulnerability of MDFs to invasion.
Clinical audit of breast cancer patients treated with helical tomotherapy for irradiation of the internal mammary chain
Authors: Shrivastav Garima , Datta Debanjali , Wadasadawala Tabassum , Rane Pallavi , Panda Subhajit , Pathak Rima , Scaria Libin , Krishnamurthy Revathy , Sarin Rajiv 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate efficacy of helical tomotherapy (HT) for treatment of breast cancer with internal mammary lymph node involvement.

Methods:
This is a retrospective clinical audit of planning, dosimetry, toxicity and short-term survival of a cohort of 65 patients. Patients were treated between November 2014 and May 2019. The primary and nodal region was prescribed a dose of 50 Gray (Gy) in 25 fractions, while all cases of breast conserving surgery received a simultaneous integrated boost to a dose of 61 Gy in 25 fractions.

Results:
The 95% coverage for the primary, supraclavicular, internal mammary node and tumour bed was 93·4%, 96·8%, 90·7% and 98·3%, respectively. Mean dose to total lung, heart and contra-lateral breast was 10·6 Gy, 6·92 Gy and 4·32 Gy, respectively. None developed grade III skin or oesophageal toxicity. Twenty-one patients had progression; of which eighteen developed only distant failure while three also had loco-regional recurrence. At a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year loco-regional control, disease-free survival and overall survival were 93·5, 73·9 and 85·9%, respectively.

Conclusion:
We report encouraging clinical outcome for patients treated uniformly with HT. The predominant pattern of failure was distant metastases which suggests the need for systemic control intensification.
The concept of legal space: A topological approach to addressing multiple legalities
Authors: Burchardt Dana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe notion of legal space is increasingly being used to address the challenges of multiple and overlapping spheres of legality that the notion of legal order cannot capture. This article shows how legal space can serve as an alternative (or at least complementary) concept to legal order in view of the limitations of the latter. It sketches out a notion of legal space that is inspired by topology, an approach that analyses the qualitative nature of spaces. It is concerned with understanding the ways in which legalities interact, rather than with ‘measuring’ their spatial dimensions. A topology-inspired approach to legal space can contribute to conceptualizing, in a novel manner, the inner structure of legal spaces, the boundaries of these spaces and their interrelations with other spaces. It offers an analytical toolkit for better understanding multiple legalities, providing categories to characterize sets of legal elements as well as phenomena such as overlaps and hybridity. It is conceptually less constrained than the concept of legal order, and thus allows us to address various bodies of law ranging from classical domestic law, EU law and international law to global administrative law, corporate social responsibility law, platform law and lex sportiva.
Primordial Helium‐3 Exchange Between Earth's Core and Mantle
Authors: Olson Peter L. , Sharp Zachary D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVolatiles from the solar nebula are known to be present in Earth's deep mantle. The core also may contain solar nebula‐derived volatiles, but in unknown amounts. Here we use calculations of volatile ingassing and degassing to estimate the abundance of primordial 3He now in the core and track the rate of 3He exchange between the core and mantle through Earth history. We apply an ingassing model that includes a silicate magma ocean and an iron‐rich proto‐core coupled to a nebular atmosphere of solar composition to calculate the amounts of 3He acquired by the mantle and core during accretion and core formation. Using experimentally determined partitioning between core‐forming metals and silicate magma, we find that dissolution from the nebular atmosphere deposits one or more petagrams of 3He into the proto‐core. Following accretion, 3He exchange depends on the convective history of the coupled core‐mantle system. We combine determinations of the present‐day surface 3He flux with estimates of the present‐day mantle 3He abundance, mantle and core heat fluxes, and our ingassed 3He abundances in a convective degassing model. According to this model, the mantle 3He abundance is evolving toward a statistical steady state, in which surface losses are compensated by enrichments from the core.
Volcanic Activity on Venus: How Long Must We Look to Find a Smoking Gun?
Authors: King Scott D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile volcanic landforms attest to the numerous and varied volcanic processes on Venus, estimates of the frequency of volcanic eruptions are lacking. Constraints from volcanic resurfacing volumes can be equally satisfied by infrequent large eruptions or numerous smaller events. Recently, Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (2022), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE007040, used the 40‐year period from 1980 to 2020 from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program (GVP) database (Global Volcanism Program, 2013) to extrapolate the frequency of volcanic events on Earth to Venus. They evaluated the tectonic settings from the GVP database and provided estimates that consider the differences in those settings between Earth and Venus. Byrne and Krishnamoorthy extrapolated the rate of volcanism between Earth and Venus using the mass/volume ratios, freeing their results from the uncertain tectonic evolution of Venus. The assumption that Venus is in a stagnant‐lid tectonic regime with a straight‐forward geodynamic evolution has been challenged by Weller and Kiefer (2020), https://doi.org/10.1029/2019je005960, who showed that a planetary surface may reflect different styles of convection with highly active and sluggish and inactive regions occurring at the same time. The straight‐forward scaling allowed Byrne and Krishnamoorthy to estimate that as many as 120 eruptions might take place on Venus every year, a frequency that should be detectable by upcoming Venus missions.
Bevacizumab attenuates osteosarcoma angiogenesis by suppressing MIAT encapsulated by serum-derived extracellular vesicles and facilitating miR-613-mediated GPR158 inhibition
Authors: Wang Bao-Dong , Yu Xiao-Jun , Hou Ji-Chun , Fu Bo , Zheng Hao , Liu Qi-Kun , Wang Shan-Xi , Bi Zheng-Gang , Cao Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTargeting angiogenesis has been considered a promising treatment for a large number of malignancies, including osteosarcoma. Bevacizumab (Bev) is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor being used for this purpose. We herein investigate the therapeutic potential of Bev in angiogenesis during osteosarcoma and the related mechanisms. Bioinformatics were performed for identification of osteosarcoma-related microarray dataset to collect related lncRNA and miRNA, with MIAT and miR-613 obtained. The predicted binding site between miR-613 and GPR158 3′UTR region was further confirmed by luciferase assay. Then, their effects combined with treatment with Bev on osteosarcoma cells were explored by the gain- and loss-of-function. After extraction from osteosarcoma patients’ serum (serum-EVs) and identification, EVs were co-cultured with osteosarcoma cells, the biological behaviors of which were detected by CCK-8 assay and microtubule formation in vitro. A mouse tumor xenograft model was used to determine the effect of Bev on tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Bev inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Besides, serum-EVs could transfer MIAT (EV-MIAT) into osteosarcoma cells, where it is competitively bound to miR-613 to elevate GPR158, thus promoting osteosarcoma cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, Bev arrested osteosarcoma cell proliferation and angiogenesis by inhibiting EV-MIAT and inducing miR-613-mediated GPR158 inhibition. In conclusion, the Bev-mediated MIAT/miR-613/GPR158 regulatory feedback revealed a new molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma angiogenesis.
Mantle exhumation at magma-poor rifted margins controlled by frictional shear zones
Authors: Theunissen Thomas , Huismans Ritske S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transition zone from continental crust to the mature mid-ocean ridge spreading center of the Iberia-Newfoundland magma-poor rifted margins is mostly composed of exhumed mantle characterized by highs and domes with varying elevation, spacing and shape. The mechanism controlling strain localization and fault migration explaining the geometry of these peridotite ridges is poorly understood. Here we show using forward geodynamic models that multiple out-of-sequence detachments with recurring dip reversal form during magma-poor rifting and mantle exhumation as a consequence of the strength competition between weak frictional-plastic shear zones and the thermally weakened necking domain beneath the exhuming footwall explaining geometry of these peridotite ridges. Model behaviour also shows that fault types and detachment styles vary with spreading rate and fault strength and confirm that these results can be compared to other magma poor passive margins such as along Antarctica-Australia and to ultra-slow mid-ocean spreading systems as the South-West Indian Ridge.