bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representativeness in population-based studies of older adults: five waves of cross-sectional examinations in the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Wetterberg Hanna , Rydén Lina , Ahlner Felicia , Falk Erhag Hanna , Gudmundsson Pia , Guo Xinxin , Joas Erik , Johansson Lena , Kern Silke , Mellqvist Fässberg Madeleine , Najar Jenna , Ribbe Mats , Sterner Therese Rydberg , Samuelsson Jessica , Sacuiu Simona , Sigström Robert , Skoog Johan , Waern Margda , Zettergren Anna , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo describe representativeness in the Gothenburg H70 1930 Birth Cohort Study.DesignRepeated cross-sectional examinations of a population-based study.SettingGothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsAll residents of Gothenburg, Sweden, born on specific birth dates in 1930 were invited to a comprehensive health examination at ages 70, 75, 79, 85 and 88. The number of participants at each examination was 524 at age 70, 767 at age 75, 580 at age 79, 416 at age 85, and 258 at age 88.Primary outcome measuresWe compared register data on sociodemographic characteristics and hospital discharge diagnoses between participants and (1) refusals, (2) all same-aged individuals in Gothenburg and (3) all same-aged individuals in Sweden. We also compared mortality rates between participants and refusals.ResultsRefusal rate increased with age. At two or more examination waves, participants compared with refusals had higher educational level, more often had osteoarthritis, had lower mortality rates, had lower prevalence of neuropsychiatric, alcohol-related and cardiovascular disorders, and were more often married. At two examination waves, participants compared with same-aged individuals in Gothenburg had higher education and were more often born in Sweden. At two examination waves or more, participants compared with same-aged individuals in Sweden had higher education, had higher average income, less often had ischaemic heart disease, were less often born in Sweden and were more often divorced.ConclusionsParticipants were more similar to the target population in Gothenburg than to refusals and same-aged individuals in Sweden. Our study shows the importance of having different comparison groups when assessing representativeness of population studies, which is important in evaluating generalisability of results. The study also contributes unique and up-to-date knowledge about participation bias in these high age groups.
Association between chiropractic spinal manipulation and lumbar discectomy in adults with lumbar disc herniation and radiculopathy: retrospective cohort study using United States’ data
Authors: Trager Robert James , Daniels Clinton J , Perez Jaime A , Casselberry Regina M , Dusek Jeffery A 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesChiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT) and lumbar discectomy are both used for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR); however, limited research has examined the relationship between these therapies. We hypothesised that adults receiving CSMT for newly diagnosed LDH or LSR would have reduced odds of lumbar discectomy over 1-year and 2-year follow-up compared with those receiving other care.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting101 million patient US health records network (TriNetX), queried on 24 October 2022, yielding data from 2012 query.ParticipantsAdults age 18–49 with newly diagnosed LDH/LSR (first date of diagnosis) were included. Exclusions were prior lumbar surgery, absolute indications for surgery, trauma, spondylolisthesis and scoliosis. Propensity score matching controlled for variables associated with the likelihood of discectomy (eg, demographics, medications).InterventionsPatients were divided into cohorts according to receipt of CSMT.Primary and secondary outcome measuresORs for lumbar discectomy; calculated by dividing odds in the CSMT cohort by odds in the cohort receiving other care.ResultsAfter matching, there were 5785 patients per cohort (mean age 36.9±8.2). The ORs (95% CI) for discectomy were significantly reduced in the CSMT cohort compared with the cohort receiving other care over 1-year (0.69 (0.52 to 0.90), p=0.006) and 2-year follow-up (0.77 (0.60 to 0.99), p=0.040). E-value sensitivity analysis estimated the strength in terms of risk ratio an unmeasured confounding variable would need to account for study results, yielding point estimates for each follow-up (1 year: 2.26; 2 years: 1.92), which no variables in the literature reached.ConclusionsOur findings suggest receiving CSMT compared with other care for newly diagnosed LDH/LSR is associated with significantly reduced odds of discectomy over 2-year follow-up. Given socioeconomic variables were unavailable and an observational design precludes inferring causality, the efficacy of CSMT for LDH/LSR should be examined via randomised controlled trial to eliminate residual confounding.
Modelling carbon capture on metal-organic frameworks with quantum computing
Authors: Greene-Diniz Gabriel , Manrique David Zsolt , Sennane Wassil , Magnin Yann , Shishenina Elvira , Cordier Philippe , Llewellyn Philip , Krompiec Michal , Rančić Marko J. , Muñoz Ramo David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the recent progress in quantum computational algorithms for chemistry, there is a dearth of quantum computational simulations focused on material science applications, especially for the energy sector, where next generation sorbing materials are urgently needed to battle climate change. To drive their development, quantum computing is applied to the problem of CO2 adsorption in Al-fumarate Metal-Organic Frameworks. Fragmentation strategies based on Density Matrix Embedding Theory are applied, using a variational quantum algorithm as a fragment solver, along with active space selection to minimise qubit number. By investigating different fragmentation strategies and solvers, we propose a methodology to apply quantum computing to Al-fumarate interacting with a CO2 molecule, demonstrating the feasibility of treating a complex porous system as a concrete application of quantum computing. We also present emulated hardware calculations and report the impact of device noise on calculations of chemical dissociation, and how the choice of error mitigation scheme can impact this type of calculation in different ways. Our work paves the way for the use of quantum computing techniques in the quest of sorbents optimisation for more efficient carbon capture and conversion applications.
Informal Cold War Envoys: West German and East German Cultural Diplomacy in East Asia
Authors: Gehrig Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The bifurcation of Germany during the Cold War induced the two German states to compete around the world over German cultural sovereignty, as they offered rival conceptions of what it meant to be German. The contest over this matter was fueled not only by the division of Germany but also by the military occupation. With restrictions imposed on both governments in their foreign policy activities during the early Cold War, foreign cultural diplomacy (auswärtige Kulturpolitik), a form of proxy diplomacy developed in the interwar period, became a crucial means of forging ties with countries outside Europe. This article traces how the two German governments sent language teachers, artists, academics, musicians, and exchange students to Asia as cultural ambassadors in a bid to reestablish a German presence. Divided countries along the Bamboo Curtain, especially the People's Republic of China, became the most important battlegrounds in the competition for hegemony in representing Germany in Asia. The need to engage in foreign cultural diplomacy also brought Asian ideological conflicts home to Germany. Exchange visitors and their governments tried to achieve their own interests by steering a middle course between the two German states. Foreign cultural diplomacy thus was an essential—and complicated—part of “soft power” for both German governments in trying to win over foreign audiences.
Outdoor Cats: An Introduction
Authors: Lynn William S. , Santiago-Ávila Francisco J. , Stewart Kristin L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A moral panic over cats has gripped portions of the conservation community, with claims that outdoor house cats (felis catus) are wrecking havoc on biodiversity and public health akin to a zombie apocalypse. This is a mistake, a result of poor scientific reasoning and selective attention to data, or worse, pure demagoguery. The situation is more nuanced. Outdoor cats can cause significant harm to wildlife in specific ecological contexts, even when there is no evidence they do so across the board. And like all mammals, cats can be vectors of disease, even when they pose no threat to public health overall. Careful attention to the complex questions of ethics, science, and politics is required to understand how people, outdoor cats, and nature interact, and how we ought to thrive together. This special issue brings together a diverse set of articles from different points of view to address these issues.
The Formal Sources of International Law, the Relationship between Treaties and Custom, and the International Law-Making Process
Authors: Kwiecień Roman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
James Crawford in his Hague general course on public international law discussed the problem of making international law by treaties under the Baxter paradox—“the more agreement, the less law”. Crawford concluded that the Baxter paradox is not so much an insoluble paradox as a valid reflection on the distinct attributes of treaties and custom—something to be embraced and not avoided. The essay seeks to readdress the relationship between treaties and custom taking into account the Baxter paradox and its critical examination by Crawford. It is also discussed in light of the complex problem of exploitation of outer space natural resources.
The author supports the idea of formal sources as the most workable method of analyzing rules and principles of international law in practice. The primary aim of the article is to consider whether treaties can be seen, as most scholars claim, the formal source of international law. The author argues that they are not of that nature, since they are not the self-sufficient source of general international law. The author is inspired by Gerald Fitzmaurice’s views of the 1950s denying treaties the status of formal sources of international law, instead seeing them merely as sources of international legal obligations. According to the author, these views, although controversial and even outmoded under the contemporary opinions on the sources of international law, still deserve attention and careful consideration. Treaties can promote legal certainty with regard to legal obligations within the international community. Yet, as the author claims, in a decentralized legal order such as international law, it is not treaties but custom that still remains its primary formal source.
James Crawford and the Law of State Immunity
Authors: Miles Cameron 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In James Crawford’s later career as a public international lawyer, he was synonymous with the great topics of inter-state relations—the creation of states, state responsibility, and so forth—and with the work of the International Court of Justice. But he retained throughout his professional life an abiding interest in foreign relations law, being that loose collection of issues that characterises the interface between public international and municipal law. Nowhere is this better reflected than in his contribution to the law of state immunity—and, in particular, his preparation as Commissioner of the ground-breaking 1984 Australian Law Reform Commission Report No 24 on Foreign State Immunity (‘ALRC 24’), which led in due course to the Foreign States Immunities Act 1985 (Cth) (‘FSIA’) being passed by the Federal Parliament almost unchanged from Commission’s suggested text. This paper aims to assess the legacy of ALRC 24 alongside other writings on state immunity that Crawford published prior to and in conjunction with the report—in particular his significant articles in the Australian Year Book of International Law, the American Journal of International Law and the British Yearbook of International Law. This corpus of materials shows Crawford in two underexplored guises—as municipal lawyer and legislative draftsman. And they also show his instincts as one of the great liberalisers of public international law, committed to ensuring that the parameters of the restrictive theory of state immunity, then novel to the common law, were accurately reflected in legislative language.
Coastal Erosion Risk: Population Adaptation to Climate Change—A Case Study of the Pays de la Loire Coastline
Authors: Chadenas C. , Chotard M. , Navarro O. , Kerguillec R. , Robin M. , Juigner M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studying the population’s perception of coastal erosion is essential and is increasingly used by coastal administrators, especially because it strongly influences the acceptance of coastal adaptation strategies. This article explores the population’s perception of coastal risk on the Atlantic coast of France (Pays de la Loire region) that is an at-risk territory historically affected by erosion and is particularly sensitive to coastal flooding. The major goal of the paper is to collect data in terms of risk perception by carrying out a field survey on three territorial collectivities, with the aim to enhance the feasibility of the managed retreat operations that will be implemented on this coast in the next years. A total of 700 surveys were collected and several original results can be drawn: the population has a good knowledge of erosion in the area where they live, and this knowledge is key because the territory is vulnerable. Similarly, the respondents have a good knowledge of protection measures, but some are more important than others: for example, the reinforcement of coastal defenses is the most commonly cited strategy to deal with coastal hazards whereas relocation is the second-most-known but least-popular scenario. Several factors influence people’s perception of risk: for example, time spent in the residence and age of residents are two elements contributing to place attachment that must be taken into account before starting to implement any climate adaptation policies.
Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Substance Use Among Middle School and High School Students: A Natural Experiment
Authors: Noel Jonathan K. , Rosenthal Samantha R. , Skierkowski-Foster Dorothy , Borden Samantha K. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Research on COVID-19’s effect on substance use is mixed, and few studies have focused on adolescents. We assessed whether implementation of the COVID-19 lockdown affected substance use and changed perceptions of psychoactive substance availability in middle and high school students. Methods: We assessed self-reported use and perceived availability of alcohol, tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, marijuana, synthetic marijuana, nonprescribed prescription drugs, and illicit drugs (heroin, inhalants) among middle and high school respondents aged 11-18 years to the Rhode Island Student Survey (N = 17 751). An administrative pause because of COVID-19 lockdowns allowed us to divide results into surveys completed before (January through March 2020; n = 13 259) and after (November 2020 through May 2021; n = 4492) the lockdown implementation. We determined the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown using logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender/sexual orientation, middle/high school level, and city/town classification. Results: After the COVID-19 lockdown implementation, the odds of respondents using psychoactive substances decreased, with the largest decreases occurring for prescription drugs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28-0.54) and inhalants (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.26-0.53). The odds of respondents perceiving difficulties in obtaining psychoactive substances significantly increased after lockdown implementation, with the largest increases occurring for prescription drugs (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.39-1.69) and illicit drugs (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.44-1.88). Conclusions: COVID-19 lockdown implementation was associated with a decreased perception of availability of psychoactive substances and use of psychoactive substances. Decreases in substance use may be because of decreased perceived availability and increased parental support and oversight. Interventions that focus on parental oversight and strengthened policies to disrupt the licit and illicit drug markets are needed.
Measurement and rapid assessment of indoor air quality at mass gathering events to assess ventilation performance and reduce aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Malki-Epshtein Liora , Adzic Filipa , Roberts Ben M , Hathway Elizabeth Abigail , Iddon Christopher , Mustafa Murat , Cook Malcolm 
Published: December 2022

To assess risk factors for COVID-19 transmission and address the closure of mass gathering events since March 2020, the UK Government ran the Events Research Programme (ERP), following which it reopened live events in sports, music, and culture in July 2021. We report the rapid post-occupancy evaluation of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and associated long-range airborne transmission risk conducted in the Environmental Study of the ERP. Ten large venues around the UK were monitored with CO2 sensors at a high spatial and temporal resolution during 90 events. An IAQ Index based on CO2 concentration was developed, and all monitored spaces were classified in bands from A to G based on their average and maximum CO2 concentrations from all events. High resolution monitoring and the IAQ Index depicted the overall state of ventilation at live events, and allowed identification of issues with ventilation effectiveness and distribution, and of spaces with poor ventilation and the settings in which long-range airborne transmission risk may be increased. In numerous settings, CO2 concentrations were found to follow patterns relating to event management and specific occupancy of spaces around the venues. Good ventilation was observed in 90% of spaces monitored for given occupancies. Practical applications: High-resolution monitoring of indoor CO2 concentrations is necessary to detect the spatial variation of indoor air quality (IAQ) in large mass gathering event venues. The paper summarises COVID-19 ventilation guidance for buildings and defines a methodology for measurement and rapid assessment of IAQ during occupancy at live events that can be implemented by venue managers. Comparisons of the CO2 concentrations measured during the events identified the spaces at high risk of long-range transmission of airborne pathogens. Building operators should be mindful of the ventilation strategies used relative to the total occupancy in different spaces and the occupant’s activities.
Awakening Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Critical Awareness About Men's Health, Health Literacy and Nursing Practice
Authors: Zanchetta Margareth Santos , Metersky Kateryna , Nazzal Alessar , Dumitriu Marie Elisabeth , Pais Sasha , Mok Yan Wei , Lam-Kin-Teng Mary Rachel , Yu Celine 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThis article reports an evaluative replication study, including a workshop inspired by Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy. Purpose: Assess how the nursing students’ participation in critiquing Canadian empirical evidence on men's health literacy provokes new perceptions; explore students’ intentions of incorporating the aforementioned contents into their professional practice; and test students’ skills to formulate a hypothetical short action plan about men's health literacy.MethodsA qualitative evaluation study inspired by the qualitative program evaluation approach. The setting was a university-based Canadian undergraduate nursing program located in a major metropolitan city. Seventeen undergraduate students (representing 3.65% of year 4 student population) composed the sample. The educational intervention was two workshops (6 h duration; February 2017) including a lecture about men's health literacy with video presentations, class discussions and group work using Freire's method of reflection and discussion for awareness awakening. Hypothetical health literacy promotion was the key outcome. All interactions were digitally audiorecorded, verbatim transcribed and submitted to thematic analysis having as themes: Perspectives of awareness and knowledge expansion, and New personal-professional assets.ResultsStudents were able to relate new knowledge with their own experiences in the classroom or in the practicum. Application of new knowledge was related to students’ social circles and reported familiar health matters. Cultural and community life shaped knowledge expansion and references to men's behaviors.ConclusionsMobilization of personal knowledge awoke students’ awareness about gaps in the nursing curriculum and the paucity of experiences in clinical placements relating to men's health literacy.
Effects of a plasma jet on electrochemical properties of silk fibroin hydrogel doped with graphene oxide
Authors: Zhou Jian , Lu Fu , Wu Zhengwei 
Published: December 2022

This study modified hydrogels prepared from silk fibroinand graphene oxideby injecting plasma into the silk. The SF-GO hydrogels, modified by plasma jet with different discharge time (30, 90, and 150 s) and working gases (argon, air, helium), undergo electrochemical AC impedance spectrum tests. After hydrogel modification with the plasma of any working gas, the impedance in the very low frequency (10−2∼100 Hz) decreased with a longer plasma discharge time. In the very low frequency, the sequence of impedance change is Ar group <air group ≈ He group <empty. The electric capacity of the hydrogel showed an increasing trend with those modified by argon plasma and a decreasing trend for those hydrogels modified by air and helium plasma. The sequence of electric capacity change is Ar group >empty >air group >He group. Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and X-ray diffraction spectrum showed a reduction of β-fold structure and graphene oxide content in SF-GO hydrogels modified by plasma.