bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging white matter microstructure with gradient‐echo phase imaging: Is ex vivo imaging with formalin‐fixed tissue a good approximation of the in vivo brain?
Authors: Chan Kwok‐Shing , Hédouin Renaud , Mollink Jeroen , Schulz Jenni , van Cappellen van Walsum Anne‐Marie , Marques José P. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeEx vivo imaging is a commonly used approach to investigate the biophysical mechanism of orientation‐dependent signal phase evolution in white matter. Yet, how phase measurements are influenced by the structural alteration in the tissue after formalin fixation is not fully understood. Here, we study the effects on magnetic susceptibility, microstructural compartmentalization, and chemical exchange measurement with a postmortem formalin‐fixed whole‐brain human tissue.MethodsA formalin‐fixed, postmortem human brain specimen was scanned with multiple orientations to the main magnetic field direction for robust bulk magnetic susceptibility measurement with conventional quantitative susceptibility imaging models. White matter samples were subsequently excised from the whole‐brain specimen and scanned in multiple rotations on an MRI scanner to measure the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility and microstructure‐related contributions in the signal phase and to validate the findings of the whole‐brain data.ResultsThe bulk isotropic magnetic susceptibility of ex vivo whole‐brain imaging is comparable to in vivo imaging, with noticeable enhanced nonsusceptibility contributions. The excised specimen experiment reveals that anisotropic magnetic susceptibility and compartmentalization phase effect were considerably reduced in the formalin‐fixed white matter specimens.ConclusionsFormalin‐fixed postmortem white matter exhibits comparable isotropic magnetic susceptibility to previous in vivo imaging findings. However, the measured phase and magnitude data of the fixed white matter tissue shows a significantly weaker orientation dependency and compartmentalization effect. Alternatives to formalin fixation are needed to better reproduce the in vivo microstructural effects in postmortem samples.
Noncovalent interactions: A brief account of a long history
Authors: Schneider Hans‐Jörg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe history of noncovalent interactions is outlined, starting with early interpretations of the symmetry of crystals, then with the fast development of coordination chemistry, and of fundamental analyses in the last century. An attempt is made to provide for the practicing scientists who use noncovalent interactions a historical background of the field, paying credit to often forgotten predecessors. A separate section shows that only in the 20th century instrumentation provided a firm basis for the exploration of noncovalent interactions. Selected examples illustrate the early and rather accurate calculations of some noncovalent energies. With the advent of supramolecular chemistry, noncovalent interactions became a mainstream field of science; this allowed further insight into the nature and strength of these seemingly weak forces. Intermolecular interactions in biological systems have also received early attention. As far as possible, exact references are given for the original publications.
The role of genetically engineered soybean and Amaranthus weeds on biological and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Páez Jerez Paula G , Hill Jorge G , Pereira Eliseu J G , Medina Pereyra Pilar , Vera M Teresa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn soybean fields containing insecticide‐ and herbicide‐resistant genetically engineered varieties, some weed species have increasingly become difficult to manage and may favor the population growth of secondary pests like Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To test this hypothesis, we measured life‐history traits, population growth parameters and adult nutrient content of S. cosmioides reared on foliage from four Amaranthus species, from Cry1Ac Bt and non‐Bt soybean varieties, and on meridic artificial diet.RESULTSLarvae reared on A. palmeri and A. spinosus had a shorter development time (5–7 days) than larvae raised on the soybean varieties and A. hybridus. Armyworm survival probability was zero on A. viridis and highest (80% and 71%) on soybeans and A. palmeri. The latter and the artificial diet produced the heaviest larvae and pupae, in contrast to the non‐Bt soybean variety. Body nutrient content diverged mostly for adults reared on artificial diet compared with those raised on the soybean varieties. The intrinsic rate of population increase (overall fitness) was 27.88% higher for the armyworms on A. palmeri, Cry1Ac Bt soybean and artificial diet compared with those on non‐Bt soybean, A. spinosus and A. hybridus.CONCLUSIONSCry1Ac soybean fields infested by some Amaranthus weeds, especially A. palmeri, are conducive to the population growth of S. cosmioides. Integrated pest management programs may be needed to properly manage S. cosmioides in soybean fields, with surveillance for population peaks and judicious control measures when needed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tell me who's your neighbour and I'll tell you how much time you've got: The spatiotemporal consequences of residential segregation
Authors: Bó Boróka B. , Dukhovnov Denys 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRelying on data from the United States Census and the American Time Use Survey (2010–2017), we examine how residential segregation influences per capita discretionary time availability in Los Angeles, New York City and Miami. We find a sizable disadvantage of being Latinx for discretionary time availability. Non‐Latinx Whites have 182 extra hours of per capita discretionary time per year than do Latinx individuals. Both within‐neighbourhood and adjacent‐neighbourhood influences matter. In most neighbourhoods, segregation is correlated with having more discretionary time. Individuals in highly segregated areas have approximately 80 more hours of discretionary time per year than those living in diverse areas. This suggests that in addition to socioeconomic, cultural and well‐being benefits, ethnic enclaves may also impart temporal advantages. However, we find that there may be diminishing marginal returns with increasing segregation in surrounding areas. Sociodemographic characteristics explain over one‐quarter of the variance between segregation and discretionary time availability.
A high‐resolution mass spectrometric approach to a qualitative and quantitative comparative metabolism of the humantenine‐type alkaloid rankinidine
Authors: Gong Meng‐Die , Qin Jiao‐Yan , Zuo Meng‐Ting , Qi Xue‐Jia , Wu Yong , Zheng Xiao‐Feng , Liu Zhao‐Ying 
Published: March 2022

RationaleRankinidine belongs to the humantenine‐type alkaloids isolated from Gelsemium. Currently, the mechanism behind the toxicity differences of rankinidine has not been explained. In this study, our purpose was to elucidate the major in vitro metabolic pathways of rankinidine and to compare the formation of metabolites of rankinidine in human (HLMs), rat (RLMs), goat (GLMs) and pig (PLMs) liver microsomes.MethodsThis is the first study to compare the in vitro metabolism of rankinidine with high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF). The MS/MS data and LC/MS peak area acquired in positive ion mode were used to analyze metabolite structures and compare metabolism.ResultsWe identified 11 metabolites (M1–M11) in total and found five main metabolic pathways, consisting of demethylation (M1), reduction (M2), oxidation at different positions (M3–M5), oxidation and reduction (M6–M10) and demethylation and oxidation (M11). The metabolism of rankinidine has qualitative and quantitative species‐specific differences in vitro. In PLMs and GLMs, the main metabolic pathway of rankinidine was oxidation. Notably, among the four species, the oxidation ability of rankinidine was highest in pigs and goats, and the demethylation and reduction abilities of rankinidine were highest in humans and rats.ConclusionsThe interspecific metabolic differences of rankinidine in HLMs, PLMs, GLMs and RLMs were compared and studied for the first time using LC/QTOF. These findings will certainly support future studies of rankinidine metabolism in vivo and will contribute to elucidating the cause of species‐specific differences behind Gelsemium toxicity.
Spontaneous pneumothorax with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) in an adult heavy cigarette smoker—A case report
Authors: Tsai Chiao‐Yun , Huang Hsu‐Chih , Xu Zhen‐Dong , Hsia Jiun‐Yi , Chen Chih‐Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease caused by the proliferation of CD1a‐positive histiocyte‐like cells infiltrating the lung's interstitial layer. Most cases affect young to middle‐aged persons, especially adult heavy cigarette smokers. A 49‐year‐old male heavy smoker (40 pack‐year), with non‐productive cough, dyspnoea and desaturation, presented with a right‐sided pneumothorax on chest x‐ray with total atelectasis. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral multiple thick‐walled infiltrated cysts and multiple ground‐glass nodules throughout the entire lung. Surgery with minimal invasive thoracoscopic lung biopsy and pleurodesis was performed. Pathology showed histiocyte‐like cells aggregates in the pulmonary parenchyma. Immunohistochemical stain demonstrated CD1a(+), S100(+) and CD68(+). After 3 months of smoking cessation, clear improvement was evidenced with a chest CT showing bilateral multiple thin‐walled rounded cysts and multiple ground‐glass nodules that are smaller in size and decreased in numbers. Early minimal invasive thoracoscopic lung biopsy and pleurodesis can also be a choice if the development of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs.
Taking the Leap: Supporting Multilingual Writers Through Translanguaging
Authors: Gonzales Grace Cornell , Machado Emily 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTranslanguaging pedagogies support student writers in expressing themselves using their full language repertoires, writing for authentic audiences, and connecting to their identities. However, many teachers, particularly those who identify as “monolingual” and teach in English‐medium classrooms, may not know how to introduce translanguaging into their writing instruction. This study explores how three pre‐service teachers enrolled in a writing methods course enacted translanguaging pedagogies in their English‐medium student teaching classrooms. Drawing on case study methods, this article highlights entry points to translanguaging pedagogies in writing instruction, suggesting that teachers can foster translanguaging by crafting invitations to compose bilingually, choosing topics and genres intentionally, using strategic supports, and pushing themselves to step beyond their comfort zones. Ultimately, this article argues that all teachers of writing can begin to invite their students’ languages into their writing classrooms, creating spaces where children draw on their full language repertoires as they make and express meaning.
RNA–protein interactomes as invaluable resources to study RNA viruses: Insights from SARS CoV‐2 studies
Authors: Koliński Marcin , Kałużna Ewelina , Piwecka Monika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is essential for the successful development of therapeutic strategies against the COVID‐19 pandemic. Numerous studies have focused on the identification of host factors and cellular pathways involved in the viral replication cycle. The speed and magnitude of hijacking the translation machinery of host mRNA, and shutting down host transcription are still not well understood. Since SARS‐CoV‐2 relies on host RNA‐binding proteins for the infection progression, several efforts have been made to define the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA‐bound proteomes (RNA–protein interactomes). Methodologies that enable the systemic capture of protein interactors of given RNA in vivo have been adapted for the identification of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA interactome. The obtained proteomic data aided by genome‐wide and targeted CRISPR perturbation screens, revealed host factors with either pro‐ or anti‐viral activity and highlighted cellular processes and factors involved in host response. We focus here on the recent studies on SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA–protein interactomes, with regard to both the technological aspects of RNA interactome capture methods and the obtained results. We also summarize several related studies, which were used in the interpretation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA–protein interactomes. These studies provided the selection of host factors that are potentially suitable candidates for antiviral therapy. Finally, we underscore the importance of RNA–protein interactome studies in regard to the effective development of antiviral strategies against current and future threats.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
Region-based Resource Management and Lexical Exception Handlers in Continuation-Passing Style
Authors: Schuster Philipp , Brachthäuser Jonathan Immanuel , Ostermann Klaus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRegions are a useful tool for the safe and automatic management of resources. Due to their scarcity, resources are often limited in their lifetime which is associated with a certain scope. When control flow leaves the scope, the resources are released. Exceptions can non-locally exit such scopes and it is important that resources are also released in this case.Continuation-passing style is a useful compiler intermediate language that makes control flow explicit. All calls are tail calls and the runtime stack is not used. It can also serve as an implementation technique for control effects like exceptions. In this case throwing an exception means jumping to a continuation which is not the current one.How is it possible to offer region-based resource management and exceptions in the same language and translate both to continuation-passing style? In this paper, we answer this question. We present a typed language with resources and exceptions, and its translation to continuation-passing style. The translation can be defined modularly for resources and exceptions – the correct interaction between the two automatically arises from simple composition. We prove that the translation preserves well-typedness and semantics.
Translating Solitons in a Lorentzian Setting, Submersions and Cohomogeneity One Actions
Authors: Lawn Marie-Amélie , Ortega Miguel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study new examples of translating solitons of the mean curvature flow, especially in Minkowski space. We consider for this purpose manifolds admitting submersions and cohomegeneity one actions by isometries on suitable open subsets. This general setting also covers the classical Euclidean examples. As an application, we completely classify time-like, invariant translating solitons by rotations and boosts in Minkowski space.
Expression of glycosaminoglycans in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma—a pilot study including etiology
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Pál Domonkos , Sugár Simon , Kovalszky Ilona , Dezső Katalin , Schlosser Gitta , Drahos László , Turiák Lilla 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chronic liver diseases have both high incidence and mortality rates; therefore, a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. We have determined the content and sulfation pattern of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver tissues, considering the etiology of the diseases. A variety of pathological conditions such as alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infections, and primary sclerosing cholangitis were studied. Major differences were observed in the total abundance and sulfation pattern of CS and HS chains. For example, the 6-O-sulfation of CS is fundamentally different regarding etiologies of cirrhosis, and a 2–threefold increase in HS N-sulfation/O-sulfation ratio was observed in hepatocellular carcinoma compared to cirrhotic tissues.
Graphical abstract
Depression, anxiety and stress in women with breech pregnancy compared to women with cephalic presentation—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schauer Madeleine , Latartara Elisabetta , Alonso-Espias Maria , Rossetti Emma , Gebert Pimrapat , Henrich Wolfgang , Hinkson Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the level of psychological distress for women with
breech compared to cephalic presentation. We hypothesized, that women with breech presentation have higher levels of depression, stress and anxiety. Secondary objectives were to analyze potential demographic risk factors and comorbidity of psychological distress in breech pregnancy.

Methods
The breech study group was formed by 379 women with breech presentation. A sample of 128 women with cephalic presentation was recruited during routine clinical care. Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were ascertained by means of the Depression–Anxiety–Stress-Score (DASS)-21 questionnaire. Categorial data was analyzed with Chi-square or exact test, continuous data with unpaired t test or Mann–Whitney U test. Demographic risk factors were identified using a binary logistic regression model.

Results
Prevalence of psychological distress among women with breech was not higher compared to those of other pregnant women. Symptomatic depression, anxiety and stress affected 5.8%, 14.5% and 11.9% of women with breech, respectively. Decreasing age was identified as a risk factor for anxiety (p = 0.006). Multiparity increased risk for depression (p = 0.001), for anxiety (p = 0.026) and for perinatal stress (p = 0.010). More than 80% of women with depressive symptoms had comorbidities of psychological distress.

Conclusions
Breech presentation compared to cephalic presentation was not associated with higher levels of psychological distress. However, breech pregnancies are affected by symptoms of potential mental disorder. Multiparous women and younger women may need additional support and would benefit from a standardized screening tool for the assessment of perinatal psychological distress.

Clinical trial registration
Ethical approval (EA2/241/18) was granted by the Ethics Commission of the Charité University Hospital on the 23.01.2019 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03827226).
Handling unobserved confounding in the relation between prenatal risk factors and child outcomes: a latent variable strategy
Authors: Gustavson Kristin , Davey Smith George , Eilertsen Espen M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Several studies have examined maternal health behavior during pregnancy and child outcomes. Negative control variables have been used to address unobserved confounding in such studies. This approach assumes that confounders affect the exposure and the negative control to the same degree. The current study introduces a novel latent variable approach that relaxes this assumption by accommodating repeated measures of maternal health behavior during pregnancy.

Methods
Monte Carlo simulations were used to examine the performance of the latent variable approach. A real-life example is also provided, using data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Study (MoBa).

Results
Simulations: Regular regression analyses without a negative control variable worked poorly in the presence of unobserved confounding. Including a negative control variable improved result substantially. The latent variable approach provided unbiased results in several situations where the other analysis models worked poorly. Real-life data: Maternal alcohol use in the first trimester was associated with increased ADHD symptoms in the child in the standard regression model. This association was not present in the latent variable approach.

Conclusion
The current study showed that a latent variable approach with a negative control provided unbiased estimates of causal associations between repeated measures of maternal health behavior during pregnancy and child outcomes, even when the effect of the confounder differed in magnitude between the negative control and the exposures. The real-life example showed that inferences from the latent variable approach were incompatible with those from the standard regression approach. Limitations of the approach are discussed.
Determinants of Household Savings: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Fredriksson Cajsa , Staal Klaas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses determinants of household savings in a model based on an extension of the disequilibrium savings theory. These extensions follow from the life-cycle and permanent-income theories. Based on panel data for 14 countries spanning the period 2000–2018, fixed-effect least squares and two-stage least squares estimation procedures were used. In line with previous studies, there is strong and robust evidence for the hypotheses of disequilibrium savings theory, specifically, positive effects of unanticipated income changes, unanticipated inflation and the lagged savings rate. There is also robust evidence for the income uncertainty hypothesis that uncertainty has a positive effect on savings. The analysis presents some evidence that social security suppresses savings, but finds no significant effects on the interest rate or old-age dependency ratio. Unexpectedly, the participation rate of the elderly has a significant positive effect in some specifications. These findings contribute to the debate on whether and how governments can influence saving behavior.
Advances in application of machine learning to life cycle assessment: a literature review
Authors: Ghoroghi Ali , Rezgui Yacine , Petri Ioan , Beach Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the process of systematically assessing impacts when there is an interaction between the environment and human activity. Machine learning (ML) with LCA methods can help contribute greatly to reducing impacts. The sheer number of input parameters and their uncertainties that contribute to the full life cycle make a broader application of ML complex and difficult to achieve. Hence a systems engineering approach should be taken to apply ML in isolation to aspects of the LCA. This study addresses the challenge of leveraging ML methods to deliver LCA solutions. The overarching hypothesis is that: LCA underpinned by ML methods and informed by dynamic data paves the way to more accurate LCA while supporting life cycle decision making.

Methods
In this study, previous research on ML for LCA were considered, and a literature review was undertaken.

Results
The results showed that ML can be a useful tool in certain aspects of the LCA. ML methods were shown to be applied efficiently in optimization scenarios in LCA. Finally, ML methods were integrated as part of existing inventory databases to streamline the LCA across many use cases.

Conclusions
The conclusions of this article summarise the characteristics of existing literature and provide suggestions for future work in limitations and gaps which were found in the literature.