bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal inconsistencies in women’s self-reports of lifetime experience of physical and sexual IPV: evidence from the MAISHA trial and follow-on study in North-western Tanzania
Authors: Abramsky Tanya , Harvey Sheila , Mosha Neema , Mtolela Grace , Gibbs Andrew , Mshana Gerry , Lees Shelley , Kapiga Saidi , Stöckl Heidi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is pervasive throughout the world, with profound consequences for women’s health. Research to understand the extent, causes and consequences of IPV relies on self-reported data on violence, and yet there is a paucity of research into the consistency with which women report lifetime IPV over time.

Methods
We use data from the control group of the cluster randomised trial and a follow-on longitudinal study in Tanzania to examine discrepancies in women’s reported experience of lifetime physical IPV and sexual IPV over three time-points (T0, T29, T53 months). Among those reporting lifetime history of IPV at T0, we calculate the proportion who subsequently report no lifetime history at T29 and/or T53 (‘discrepant’ reporting). We use logistic regression to explore associations between discrepant reporting and respondent baseline characteristics, the nature of their IPV experiences at baseline, and situational factors at T53.

Results
Complete IPV data were available for 301 women. At T0, 154 (51%) women reported lifetime history of physical IPV, of whom 62% gave a discrepant ‘never’ report in a subsequent round. Among 93 (31%) with lifetime history of sexual IPV at T0, 73% provided a subsequent discrepant report. 73% of women reported lifetime physical IPV, and 55% lifetime sexual IPV in at least one survey round. For both IPV outcomes, women were less likely to provide discrepant reports if they had recent IPV at baseline, poor mental health (T53) and poor communication with partner (T53). For physical IPV only, reduced discrepant reporting was also associated with baseline household-level financial hardship and more severe or extensive experience of IPV.

Conclusions
A large proportion of women provided discrepant reports over the course of the study. Prevalence estimates of lifetime IPV from one-off cross-sectional surveys are likely to be underestimates, biased towards more recent and severe cases. To improve the stability of IPV measures, researchers should explicitly clarify the meaning of reference periods such as ‘ever’, consider using shorter reference periods (e.g. past-year), and avoid filter questions that use positive reports of lifetime IPV as a gateway to asking about more recent experiences.
Trial registration: Maisha CRT01 registered at ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02592252, registered retrospectively (13/08/2015).
Development of a career questionnaire for medical undergraduates using Mokken scale analysis
Authors: Gao Yizhuo , Bai Xue , Sun Le , Jia Dong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Individual-centred career questionnaires are important for understanding the motivations of medical students. This study aimed to collect validity evidence of a questionnaire to measure the career choice of medical undergraduates.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was sent to third-year undergraduate students at a Chinese university-affiliated hospital. The questionnaire was formed using items that were selected after a systematic literature review. Item reduction was conducted using Mokken scale analysis, followed by reliability and validity testing, which described the validity evidence of the content, response process and internal structure.

Results
The preliminary 20-item questionnaire was returned by 213 undergraduate students (response rate: 86.59%). To construct a monotone homogeneity model, 6 items were removed after testing for unidimensionality, local independence, and latent monotonicity according to the sequence. The final questionnaire included 14 items in two subscales: a 10-item ‘career advantage’ subscale and a 4-item ‘career disadvantage’ subscale. The questionnaire was judged to be acceptably reliable (Molenaar-Sijtsma method: 0.87 and 0.75, Cronbach’s alpha: 0.87 and 0.74) and to have good construct validity (χ2/df: 1.748, normed fit index: > 0.9, comparative fit index: > 0.9, root mean square error of approximation: 0.05–0.08). Male and female undergraduates had different responses regarding their salary, subspecialty, career prospects, and ability to serve their relatives. Male undergraduates might be more willing to accept on-call positions and have subspecialties with greater likelihoods of patient–physician conflict.

Conclusion
We used Mokken scale analysis to develop and collect evidence of the validity of a 14-item questionnaire regarding career preferences among Chinese medical undergraduate students. This short and simple questionnaire may provide a suitable tool for exploring insights regarding the motivations of Chinese medical students.
Developing an innovative medical ethics and law curriculum—constructing a situation-based, interdisciplinary, court-based learning course: a mixed methods study
Authors: Chen Wan-Ting , Fu Chung-Pei , Chang Yan-Di , Shiao Yi-Chih , Chen Po-Yi , Wang Chih-Chia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraditional lecture-based medical ethics and law courses deliver knowledge but may not improve students’ learning motivation. To bridge this theory-to-practice gap and facilitate students’ learning effectiveness, we applied situated-learning theory to design an interdisciplinary court-based learning (CBL) component within the curriculum. Our study aimed to investigate students’ learning feedbacks and propose a creative course design.MethodsA total of 135 fourth-year medical students participated in this course. The CBL component included 1 h of introduction, 1 h of court attendance, and 2 h of interdisciplinary discussion with senior physicians, judges, and prosecutors. After the class, we conducted a survey using a mixed-methods approach to gauge students’ perceptions of engagement, performance, and satisfaction.ResultsA total of 97 questionnaires were received (72% response rate). Over 70% of respondents were satisfied and felt that the class was useful except for role-playing activities (60%). More than 60% reported a better understanding of the practical applications of medical law. Approximately half (54%) reported less anxiety about medical disputes. 73% reported that the lecture provided awareness of potential medical disputes, and most respondents expressed an interest in medical law courses after the court visit (78%). 80% of the respondents were able to display empathy and apply mediation skills. Qualitative analyses showed that students demonstrated new knowledge, including recognizing the significance of the medical profession, distinguishing the importance of physician-patient communication, having confidence in the fairness of the justice system, and being willing to increase their legal knowledge.ConclusionsCBL curriculum increases students’ learning motivation in strengthening medical professionalism and medical law, develops students’ empathy for patients and communication skills, as well as builds up students’ trust in the justice system. This novel course design can be applied to teach medical ethics and law.
The organisational climate of NHS Early Intervention Services (EIS) for psychosis: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Lammas Francis , Phillips Alexandria , Dopson Sue , Joyce Eileen , Csipke Emese , Wykes Til 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Cognitive remediation (CR) therapy for psychosis significantly improves recovery but is yet to be widely implemented in NHS services. It is likely to be of value at the earliest stages of psychosis development – at the first episode. Organisational climate is one factor likely to affect implementation into Early Intervention Services (EIS), which serve those experiencing first episode psychosis. We aimed to understand the organisational climate within UK NHS Early Intervention for Psychosis (EIP) services and the barriers and facilitators for the introduction of CR.

Methods
We conducted semi structured interviews with 42 EIS members of four teams in four NHS Trusts. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results
There were differences between teams, including leadership style, involvement in decision making and willingness to adopt CR. Resource shortages were considered the main barrier for implementation across all teams. The evidence base behind CR and the recognition of there being a clinical need was seen as the main facilitator. Teams with more democratic leadership, and knowledge of both the evidence base and need for CR, may feel better able to successfully incorporate it into their service.

Conclusion
Despite enthusiasm for novel treatments, EIS teams are limited by their resources. An understanding of the local organisational variables can help teams establish a culture that values innovation. Clear communication of the evidence base for CR is key to help enable staff to implement novel treatments successfully despite these limited resources and time pressures.
Senior manager leadership competencies for quality residential aged care: an Australian industry perspective
Authors: Dawes Nathan , Topp S. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDocumented poor quality and standards of care in Australia’s residential aged care (RAC) sector have highlighted a need to better understand the role of and skills required by, RAC senior management personnel to address these concerns. This study examined which senior management leadership skills and personal qualities are necessary to deliver and strengthen the quality of RAC, with the aim of improving understanding of the professional development needs of leaders in the sector.MethodsWe conducted 12 in-depth interviews with Australian aged care industry experts, including academics, and representatives from the primary health network, consumer, and provider advocate groups. Abductive, thematic analysis incorporated coding derived from existing leadership skills frameworks as well as inductively identified themes.ResultsIdentified leadership skills were grouped into five domains including i) workforce development and retention, ii) governance and business acumen; iii) health systems knowledge; iv) stewardship and v) responding to regulatory and political contexts. Skills particularly emphasised by participants were those required to recruit and retain a skilled workforce, manage relationships, and promote a positive organisational culture and employee wellbeing.ConclusionsRAC senior managers require a complex mix of business, human resource management, and clinical skills to deliver quality care in Australia’s complex RAC setting. The lack of any professional development framework to guide the acquisition or updating of those skills is a concern.
Deep immunophenotyping reveals endometriosis is marked by dysregulation of the mononuclear phagocytic system in endometrium and peripheral blood
Authors: Vallvé-Juanico Júlia , George Ashley F. , Sen Sushmita , Thomas Reuben , Shin Min-Gyoung , Kushnoor Divyashree , Vásquez Joshua J. , Vo Kim Chi , Irwin Juan C. , Roan Nadia R. , Combes Alexis J. , Giudice Linda C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent disorder where inflammation contributes to disease-associated symptoms of pelvic pain and infertility. Immune dysfunction includes insufficient immune lesion clearance, a pro-inflammatory endometrial environment, and systemic inflammation. Comprehensive understanding of endometriosis immune pathophysiology in different hormonal milieu and disease severity has been hampered by limited direct characterization of immune populations in endometrium, blood, and lesions. Simultaneous deep phenotyping at single-cell resolution of complex tissues has transformed our understanding of the immune system and its role in many diseases. Herein, we report mass cytometry and high dimensional analyses to study immune cell phenotypes, abundance, activation states, and functions in endometrium and blood of women with and without endometriosis in different cycle phases and disease stages.

Methods
A case-control study was designed. Endometrial biopsies and blood (n = 60 total) were obtained from women with (n = 20, n = 17, respectively) and without (n = 14, n = 9) endometriosis in the proliferative and secretory cycle phases of the menstrual cycle. Two mass cytometry panels were designed: one broad panel and one specific for mononuclear phagocytic cells (MPC), and all samples were multiplexed to characterize both endometrium and blood immune composition at unprecedented resolution. We combined supervised and unsupervised analyses to finely define the immune cell subsets with an emphasis on MPC. Then, association between cell types, protein expression, disease status, and cycle phase were performed.

Results
The broad panel highlighted a significant modification of MPC in endometriosis; thus, they were studied in detail with an MPC-focused panel. Endometrial CD91+ macrophages overexpressed SIRPα (phagocytosis inhibitor) and CD64 (associated with inflammation) in endometriosis, and they were more abundant in mild versus severe disease. In blood, classical and intermediate monocytes were less abundant in endometriosis, whereas plasmacytoid dendritic cells and non-classical monocytes were more abundant. Non-classical monocytes were higher in severe versus mild disease.

Conclusions
A greater inflammatory phenotype and decreased phagocytic capacity of endometrial macrophages in endometriosis are consistent with defective clearance of endometrial cells shed during menses and in tissue homeostasis, with implications in endometriosis pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Different proportions of monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in blood from endometriosis suggest systemically aberrant functionality of the myeloid system opening new venues for the study of biomarkers and therapies for endometriosis.
LINC00922 acts as a novel oncogene in gastric cancer
Authors: Ji Zeyu , Qiu Yuping , Cai Qingchun , Xu Chunfang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered to participate in various cancer developments. However, the biological function of lncRNAs associated with gastric cancer (GC) has not been fully elucidated.

Methods
Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to measure lncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and message RNA (mRNA) expression. Cell Counter Kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to investigate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was used to analyze LINC00922 in either the cytoplasm or nucleus. The potential binding among lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA was evidenced by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay. Mouse-xenograft experiments were used to explore the tumorigenesis in vivo.

Results
LINC00922 was upregulated in GC, and high LINC00922 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of LINC00922 suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and activated cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. Besides, LINC00922 was markedly located in the cytoplasm. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that LINC00922 acted as a sponge of miR-204-5p, thereby inhibiting the expression of the target gene-High Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2).

Conclusion
LINC00922 accelerated the progression of GC by miR-204-5p/HMGA2 axis. These findings support LINC00922 may be a promising option for the diagnosis and therapy of GC.
Advanced pharmacodynamics of cangrelor in healthy volunteers: a dose-finding, open-label, pilot trial
Authors: Gelbenegger Georg , Grafeneder Juergen , Gager Gloria M. , Siller-Matula Jolanta M. , Schwameis Michael , Jilma Bernd , Schoergenhofer Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) remains a major problem in the acute management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), leading to higher rates of stent thrombosis and mortality. We aimed to investigate a novel, prehospital treatment strategy using cangrelor and tested its pharmacodynamic effects in a model using healthy volunteers.

Methods
We conducted a dose-finding, open-label, pilot trial including 12 healthy volunteers and tested three ascending bolus infusions of cangrelor (5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg) and a bolus infusion followed by a continuous infusion via an intravenous (IV) flow regulator. Platelet function was assessed using multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA), vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assay (VASP-P) and the platelet function analyzer. In an ex vivo experiment, epinephrine was used to counteract the antiplatelet effect of cangrelor.

Results
All cangrelor bolus infusions resulted in immediate and pronounced platelet inhibition. Bolus infusions of cangrelor 20 mg resulted in sufficient platelet inhibition assessed by MEA for 20 min in 90% of subjects. Infusion of cangrelor via the IV flow regulator resulted in sufficient platelet inhibition throughout the course of administration. Ex vivo epinephrine, in concentrations of 200 and 500 ng/mL was able to partially reverse the antiplatelet effect of cangrelor in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions
Weight-adapted bolus infusions followed by a continuous infusion of cangrelor via IV flow regulator result in immediate and pronounced platelet inhibition in healthy subjects. Cangrelor given as weight-adapted bolus infusion followed by a continuous infusion using an IV flow regulator may be a viable treatment approach for effective and well controllable prehospital platelet inhibition.

Trial registration
EC (Medical University of Vienna) 1835/2019 and EudraCT 2019-002792-34.
Associations of steps per day and step intensity with the risk of diabetes: the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Cuthbertson Carmen C. , Moore Christopher C. , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Heiss Gerardo , Isasi Carmen R. , Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin , Carlson Jordan A. , Gallo Linda C. , Llabre Maria M. , Garcia-Bedoya Olga L. , Farelo David Goldsztajn , Evenson Kelly R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity have been associated with a lower risk of diabetes, but less is known about how daily step counts (steps/day) are associated with diabetes risk. Therefore, we examined the association of steps/day and step intensity with incident diabetes.MethodsWe included 6634 adults from the population-based prospective cohort Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) (2008–2017). Cox proportional hazard models that accounted for complex survey design and sampling weights were used to estimate the association of baseline accelerometer-assessed steps/day and step intensity with 6-year risk of incident diabetes as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We further examined whether the percent of intense steps at a given accumulation of steps/day was associated with diabetes risk, and if associations were modified by specific cohort characteristics.ResultsThe average age of cohort members was 39 years and 52% were female. Adults had an average of 8164 steps/day and spent 12 min/day in brisk ambulation (>100 steps/min). Over 6 years of follow-up, there were 1115 cases of diabetes. There was a suggestive lower risk of diabetes with more steps/day– adults had a 2% lower risk per 1000 steps/day (HR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.95, 1.00)). Inverse associations between average steps/day and diabetes incidence were observed across many cohort characteristics, but most importantly among adults at high risk for diabetes – those who were older, or had obesity or prediabetes. Adults who accumulated 17 min/day in brisk ambulation compared to < 2 min/day had a 31% lower risk of diabetes (HR = 0.69 (95% CI 0.53, 0.89)). A greater percent of intense steps for a given accumulation of steps/day was associated with further risk reduction.ConclusionAdults who accumulate more daily steps may have a lower risk of diabetes. Accumulating more steps/day and greater step intensity appear to be important targets for preventing diabetes.
MAVE-NN: learning genotype-phenotype maps from multiplex assays of variant effect
Authors: Tareen Ammar , Kooshkbaghi Mahdi , Posfai Anna , Ireland William T. , McCandlish David M. , Kinney Justin B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs) are a family of methods that includes deep mutational scanning experiments on proteins and massively parallel reporter assays on gene regulatory sequences. Despite their increasing popularity, a general strategy for inferring quantitative models of genotype-phenotype maps from MAVE data is lacking. Here we introduce MAVE-NN, a neural-network-based Python package that implements a broadly applicable information-theoretic framework for learning genotype-phenotype maps—including biophysically interpretable models—from MAVE datasets. We demonstrate MAVE-NN in multiple biological contexts, and highlight the ability of our approach to deconvolve mutational effects from otherwise confounding experimental nonlinearities and noise.
Comparison of the open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain strengthening exercises on pain perception and lower limb biomechanics of patients with mild knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Ng Wei Hui , Jamaludin Nazatul Izzati , Sahabuddin Farhah Nadhirah Aiman , Ab Rahman Shaifuzain , Ahmed Shokri Amran , Shaharudin Shazlin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical recommendations suggest exercises as the main treatment modality for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to compare the effects of two different exercise interventions, i.e., open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises, on the pain and lower limb biomechanics of patients with mild knee OA.

Method
A total of 66 individuals with painful early knee OA, aged 50 years and above, with body mass index (BMI) between 18.9kg/m2 and 29.9 kg/m2 in Kelantan, Malaysia, will be recruited in this study. Participants will be randomly allocated into three different groups, either the OKC, CKC, or control groups. All three groups will attend an individual session with a physiotherapist. The participants in the OKC and CKC groups will perform the exercises three times weekly for 8 weeks at their home. The control group will receive education about clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care for knee via printed materials. The primary outcomes include self-reported pain scores (visual analog scale), disability scores (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index), and quality of life scores (Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life). Secondary outcomes include lower limb biomechanics during gait and sit-to-stand as well as isokinetic knee strength. The outcomes will be measured before and after the intervention.

Discussion
The present study will compare the effects of two different home-based exercise intervention programs among patients with mild knee OA. The study findings will provide vital information that can be used to design an effective exercise program that aims at delaying the OA progression.

Trial registration
The protocol was registered on 22 December 2020 at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04678609).