bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of the intraplate Kachchh Rift Basin, NW India to the direction of incoming seismic waves of teleseismic earthquakes
Authors: Dixit Mayank , Bansal Abhey Ram , Kumar M Ravi , Kumar Santosh , Teotia S S 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
The dynamic stresses generated during the passage of surface waves perturb most major plate boundaries and active volcanic/geothermal regions. The present investigation aims to understand and find evidence for dynamic triggering in the intraplate Kachchh Rift Basin, northwestern India. We analysed the local earthquake catalogues and waveforms of 36 teleseismic earthquakes with Mw ≥ 7.5, which occurred between 2007 and 2017 and generated peak dynamic stresses of at least 1 kPa. The study manually examines the waveforms 24 hr before and after the teleseismic P wave and detects missing earthquakes by applying the matched filter technique. Notably, the analysis reveals that 6 out of 36 earthquakes (17 per cent of the analysed earthquakes) are responsible for triggering non-volcanic tremors or microearthquakes during the passage of surface waves and later. Although the triggering potential in the region seems insensitive to the amplitude of dynamic stresses imparted by the teleseismic surface waves, the direction of the incoming waves appears critical. The surface waves of events whose backazimuths are parallel to the strike of the active faults are capable of triggering. The triggered earthquakes lie along the Kachchh Mainland Fault, North Wagad Fault and South Wagad Fault, in the vicinity of the epicentre of the 2001 January 26, Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake. The largest triggered event of magnitude 3.2 occurred ∼7 hr after the 2009 October 7, Mw 7.7 Vanuatu event.
Exome sequencing and functional analyses revealedCETN1variants leads to impaired cell division and male fertility
Authors: Sudhakar Digumarthi V S , Phanindranath Regur , Jaishankar Shveta , Ramani Anand , Kalamkar Kaustubh P , Kumar Umesh , Pawar Asmita D , Dada Rima , Singh Rajender , Gupta Nalini J , Deenadayal Mamata , Tolani Aarti Deenadayal , Sharma Yogendra , Anand Anuranjan , Gopalakrishnan Jay , Thangaraj Kumarasamy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman spermatogenesis requires an orchestrated expression of numerous genes in various germ cell subtypes. Therefore, the genetic landscape of male infertility is highly complex. Known genetic factors alone account for at least 15% of male infertility. However, ~40% of infertile men remain undiagnosed and are classified as idiopathic infertile men. We performed exome sequencing in 47 idiopathic infertile men (discovery cohort), followed by replication study (40 variants in 33 genes) in 844 infertile men and 709 controls using Sequenom MassARRAY® based genotyping. We report 17 variants in twelve genes that comprise both previously reported (DNAH8, DNAH17, FISP2 and SPEF2) and novel candidate genes (BRDT, CETN1, CATSPERD, GMCL1, SPATA6, TSSK4, TSKS and ZNF318) for male infertility. The latter have a strong biological nexus to human spermatogenesis and their respective mouse knockouts are concordant with human phenotypes. One candidate gene CETN1, identified in this study, was sequenced in another independent cohort of 840 infertile and 689 fertile men. Further, CETN1 variants were functionally characterized using biophysical and cell biology approaches. We demonstrate that CETN1 variant- p.Met72Thr leads to multipolar cells, fragmented nuclei during mitosis leading to cell death and show significantly perturbed ciliary disassembly dynamics. Whereas CETN1–5′ UTR variant; rs367716858 leads to loss of a methylation site and increased reporter gene expression in vitro. We report a total of eight novel candidate genes identified by exome sequencing, which may have diagnostic relevance and can contribute to improved diagnostic workup and clinical management of male infertility.
Hypoglycaemia and the risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study using exposure density sampling
Authors: Alkabbani Wajd , Maxwell Colleen J , Marrie Ruth Ann , Tyas Suzanne L , Lega Iliana C , Gamble John-Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have shown hypoglycaemia to be associated with an increased risk of dementia; however, there are several design challenges to consider. The objective of this study is to assess the association between hypoglycaemia and dementia while addressing these challenges using a lag period, exposure density sampling (EDS) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Methods
This was a population-based cohort using data (1996–2018) from British Columbia, Canada. From a cohort of incident type 2 diabetes patients aged 40–70 years, we created a dynamic sub-cohort of hypoglycaemia-exposed (≥1 episode requiring hospitalization or a physician visit) and unexposed individuals using EDS, in which four unexposed individuals per one exposed were randomly selected into risk sets based on diabetes duration and age. Follow-up was until dementia diagnosis, death, emigration or 31 December 2018. Those diagnosed with dementia within 2 years of follow-up were censored. We adjusted for confounding using IPTW and estimated the hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) of dementia using weighted conditional cause-specific hazards risk models with death as a competing risk.

Results
Among 13 970 patients with incident type 2 diabetes, 2794 experienced hypoglycaemia. There were 329 dementia events over a median (interquartile range: IQR) follow-up of 5.03 (5.7) years. IPTW resulted in well-balanced groups with weighted incidence rates (95% CI) of 4.59 (3.52, 5.98)/1000 person-years among exposed and 3.33 (2.58, 3.88)/1000 person-years among unexposed participants. The risk of dementia was higher among those with hypoglycaemia (HR, 1.83; 95% CI 1.31, 2.57).

Conclusions
After addressing several methodological challenges, we showed that hypoglycaemia contributes to an increased risk of all-cause dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Double-, single- and none-carbapenem-containing regimens for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Rigatto Maria Helena , Ramos Fabiano , Barros Andressa , Pedroso Silvia , Guasso Isabelli , Gonçalves Luciana , Bergo Pedro , Zavascki Alexandre P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of double-, single- and none-carbapenem-containing antimicrobial regimens in the treatment of patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2020 in two Brazilian hospitals. Patients ≥18 years old with CRE BSI were included and excluded if death or treatment duration for ≤48 h after BSI or non-Class A-producing carbapenemase isolates. We evaluated the impact of different carbapenem-containing regimens on 30 day mortality through a propensity score adjusted model and a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Two-hundred and seventy-nine patients were included for analyses: 47 (16.9%), 149 (53.4%) and 83 (29.8%) were treated with double-, single- and none-carbapenem-containing regimens, respectively. One-hundred and seventeen (41.9%) patients died in 30 days. Treatment with a single-carbapenem regimen was associated with a lower risk of death in 30 days compared with therapies containing no carbapenem [adjusted HR (aHR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.99, P = 0.048], when adjusted for Charlson score and ICU admission at baseline, while double-carbapenem regimens were not associated with a lower risk of death (aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.46–1.32, P = 0.35). Propensity score adjusted model results went in the same direction.

Conclusions
Double-carbapenem- was not superior to single-carbapenem-containing regimens in patients with CRE BSIs. Single-carbapenem-containing schemes were associated with a lower mortality risk.
AACC Guidance Document on the Use of Point-of-Care Testing in Fertility and Reproduction
Authors: Nichols James H , Ali Mahesheema , Anetor John I , Chen Li Sheng , Chen Yu , Collins Sean , Das Saswati , Devaraj Sridevi , Fu Lei , Karon Brad S , Kary Heba , Nerenz Robert D , Rai Alex J , Shajani-Yi Zahra , Thakur Vinita , Wang Sihe , Yu Hoi Ying Elsie , Zamora Lindsey E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The AACC Academy revised the reproductive testing section of the Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Evidence-Based Practice for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) published in 2007.

Methods
A panel of Academy members with expertise in POCT and laboratory medicine was formed to develop guidance for the use of POCT in reproductive health, specifically ovulation, pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and high-risk deliveries. The committee was supplemented with clinicians having Emergency Medicine and Obstetrics/Gynecology training.

Results
Key recommendations include the following. First, urine luteinizing hormone (LH) tests are accurate and reliable predictors of ovulation. Studies have shown that the use of ovulation predicting kits may improve the likelihood of conception among healthy fertile women seeking pregnancy. Urinary LH point-of-care testing demonstrates a comparable performance among other ovulation monitoring methods for timing intrauterine insemination and confirming sufficient ovulation induction before oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization. Second, pregnancy POCT should be considered in clinical situations where rapid diagnosis of pregnancy is needed for treatment decisions, and laboratory analysis cannot meet the required turnaround time. Third, PROM testing using commercial kits alone is not recommended without clinical signs of rupture of membranes, such as leakage of amniotic fluid from the cervical opening. Finally, fetal scalp lactate is used more than fetal scalp pH for fetal acidosis due to higher success rate and low volume of sample required.

Conclusions
This revision of the AACC Academy POCT guidelines provides recommendations for best practice use of POCT in fertility and reproduction.
Dobbs and the future of health data privacy for patients and healthcare organizations
Authors: Clayton Ellen Wright , Embí Peter J , Malin Bradley A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Supreme Court recently overturned settled case law that affirmed a pregnant individual’s Constitutional right to an abortion. While many states will commit to protect this right, a large number of others have enacted laws that limit or outright ban abortion within their borders. Additional efforts are underway to prevent pregnant individuals from seeking care outside their home state. These changes have significant implications for delivery of healthcare as well as for patient-provider confidentiality. In particular, these laws will influence how information is documented in and accessed via electronic health records and how personal health applications are utilized in the consumer domain. We discuss how these changes may lead to confusion and conflict regarding use of health information, both within and across state lines, why current health information security practices may need to be reconsidered, and what policy options may be possible to protect individuals’ health information.
Comparative Resistance to Insecticides in Populations of three Sympatric Species of Mosquitoes in the Coachella Valley of California
Authors: Apperson Charles S. , Georghiou George P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Toxicelogical assays for resistance in sympatric populations of Culex tarsalis, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and Culiseta inornata in the Coachella Valley of California revealed high level; of resistance in larvae and adults of C. tarsalis toward most organophosphorus insecticides tested but absence of resistance toward carbamates. C. p. quinquefasciatus and Cs. inornata were generally susceptible to the insecticides tested except DDT and dieldrin. Differences in the distribution of the 3 species in time and space were found to be important determinants cf resistance in the populations.
Methodological Considerations on COVID-19 Mortality in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zewde Makda Getachew , Alpert Naomi , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with cancer are at risk for severe COVID-19. Previous studies examining mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 have produced inconclusive results. Several published meta-analyses have aimed to estimate this association; however, because of methodological limitations in study selection and data aggregation, these studies do not reliably estimate the independent association between cancer and COVID-19 mortality. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether cancer is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 mortality.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed to identify studies that compared COVID-19 mortality in adult patients with and without cancer. Selection criteria included polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19, multivariate adjustment and/or matching for mortality risk estimates, and inclusion of hospitalized noncancer controls. Adjusted odds ratios and/or hazard ratios for mortality based on cancer status were extracted. Odds ratio and hazard ratio estimates were pooled using a random effects model.

Results
The analysis included 42 studies comprising 129 840 patients: 8612 cancer patients and 121 228 noncancer patients. Of these studies, 18 showed a null difference in survival between cancer and noncancer patients with COVID-19, and 24 studies showed statistically significantly worse survival in cancer patients with COVID-19. Meta-analysis revealed an increased risk of mortality in patients with cancer compared with noncancer patients with COVID-19 (odds ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval = 1.55 to 2.41; hazard ratio = 1.54, 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 1.84).

Conclusion
We conclude that cancer is an independent risk factor for mortality in unvaccinated patients admitted for or diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization.
Administrative Errors and Race: Can Technology Mitigate Inequitable Administrative Outcomes?
Authors: Compton Mallory E , Young Matthew M , Bullock Justin B , Greer Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScholars have long recognized the role of race and ethnicity in shaping the development and design of policy institutions in the United States, including social welfare policy. Beyond influencing the design of policy institutions, administrative discretion can disadvantage marginalized clientele in policy implementation. Building on previous work on street-level bureaucracy, administrative discretion, and administrative burden, we offer a theory of racialized administrative errors and we examine whether automation mitigates the adverse administrative outcomes experienced by clientele of color. We build on recent work examining the role of technological and administrative complexity in shaping the incidence of administrative errors, and test our theory of racialized administrative errors with claim-level administrative data from 53 US unemployment insurance programs, from 2002 to 2018. Using logistic regression, we find evidence of systematic differences by claimant race and ethnicity in the odds of a state workforce agency making an error when processing unemployment insurance claims. Our analysis suggests that non-white claimants are more likely to be affected by agency errors that result in underpayment of benefits than white claimants. We also find that automated state–client interactions reduce the likelihood of administrative errors for all groups compared to face-to-face interactions, including black and Hispanic clientele, but some disparities persist.
Solving small-scale clustering problems in approximate light-cone mocks
Authors: Smith Alex , Cole Shaun , Grove Cameron , Norberg Peder , Zarrouk Pauline 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Realistic light-cone mocks are important in the clustering analyses of large galaxy surveys. For simulations where only the snapshots are available, it is common to create approximate light-cones by joining together the snapshots in spherical shells. We assess the two-point clustering measurements of central galaxies in approximate light-cones built from the Millennium-XXL simulation, which are constructed using different numbers of snapshots. The monopole and quadrupole of the real-space correlation function is strongly boosted on small scales below 1 h−1 Mpc, due to some galaxies being duplicated at the boundaries between snapshots in the light-cone. When more snapshots are used, the total number of duplicated galaxies is approximately constant, but they are pushed to smaller separations. The effect of this in redshift space is small, as long as the snapshots are cut into shells in real space. Randomly removing duplicated galaxies is able to reduce the excess clustering signal. Including satellite galaxies will reduce the impact of the duplicates, since many small-scale pairs come from satellites in the same halo. Galaxies that are missing from the light-cone at the boundaries can be added to the light-cone by having a small overlap between each shell. This effect will impact analyses that use very small-scale clustering measurements, and when using mocks to test the impact of fibre collisions.
Common envelope binary interaction simulations between a thermally pulsating AGB star and a low mass companion
Authors: González-Bolívar Miguel , De Marco Orsola , Lau Mike Y M , Hirai Ryosuke , Price Daniel J 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
At least one in five of all planetary nebulae are the product of a common envelope (CE) interaction, where the companion in-spirals into the envelope of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star ejecting the nebula and leaving behind a compact binary. In this work we carry out 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the CE interaction between a 1.7 M⊙ AGB star and a 0.6 M⊙ companion. We model the AGB structure using a 1D stellar model taken at the seventh thermal pulse. The interaction takes place when the giant is on the expanding phase of the seventh thermal pulse and has a radius of 250 R⊙. The post-CE orbital separations varies between 20 and 31 R⊙, with the inclusion of recombination energy resulting in wider separations. Based on the observed short in-spiral time-scales, we suggest that thermal pulses can trigger CEs, extending the ability of AGB stars to capture companions into CEs, that would lead to the prediction of a larger population of post-AGB, post-CE binaries. Simulations that include a tabulated equation of state unbind a great deal more gas, likely unbinding the entire envelope on short time-scales. The shape of the CE after the in-spiral is more spherical for AGB than red giant branch stars, and even more so if recombination energy is included. We expect that the planetary nebula formed from this CE will have different features compared to those formed from red giant branch stars.
Genome-wide analysis of DNaseI hypersensitivity unveils open chromatin associated with histone H3 modifications after areca nut with lime exposure
Authors: Swargiary Pooja , Boruah Nabamita , Singh Chongtham Sovachandra , Chatterjee Anupam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research over the years revealed that precocious anaphase, securin overexpression, and genome instability in both target and nontarget cells are significantly associated with the increased risk of areca nut (AN) and lime-induced oral, esophageal, and gastric cancers. Further, hyperphosphorylation of Rb and histone H3 epigenetic modifications both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene were demonstrated after AN + lime exposure. This study aims whether the extract of raw AN + lime relaxes chromatin structure which further facilitates the histone H3 epigenetic modifications during the initial phase of carcinogenesis. Three groups of mice (10 in each group) were used. The treated group consumed 1 mg/day/mice of AN extract with lime ad libitum in the drinking water for 60 days. The dose was increased by 1 mg every 60 days. Isolated nuclei were digested with DNaseI and 2 kb and below DNA was eluted from the agarose gel, purified and PCR amplified by using securin and GAPDH primers. Securin and E2F1 expression, pRb phosphorylation, and histone epigenetic modifications were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The number of DNA fragments within 2 kb in size after DNaseI treatment was higher significantly in AN + lime exposed tissue samples than in the untreated one. The PCR result showed that the number of fragments bearing securin gene promoter and GAPDH gene was significantly higher in AN + lime exposed DNaseI-treated samples. Immunohistochemistry data revealed increased Rb hyperphosphorylation, upregulation of E2F1, and securin in the AN + lime-treated samples. Increased trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 and acetylation of H3 lysine 9 and 18 were observed globally in the treated samples. Therefore, the results of this study have led to the hypothesis that AN + lime exposure relaxes the chromatin, changes the epigenetic landscape, and deregulates the Rb–E2F1 circuit which might be involved in the upregulation of securin and some other proto-oncogenes that might play an important role in the initial phases of AN + lime mediated carcinogenesis.
A narrative review of the functional components of human breast milk and their potential to modulate the gut microbiome, the consideration of maternal and child characteristics, and confounders of breastfeeding, and their impact on risk of obesity later in life
Authors: Porro Margherita , Kundrotaite Elena , Mellor Duane D , Munialo Claire D 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNutritional exposure and, therefore, the metabolic environment during early human development can affect health later in life. This can go beyond the nutrients consumed; there is evidence that the development and modulation of the gut microbiome during early life can affect human growth, development, and health, and the gut microbiome is associated with the risk of obesity later in life. The primary aim of this review was to evaluate existing evidence, to identify the components of human breast milk, which may modulate the gut microbiome, and to assess the impact of the gut microbiome on the risk of becoming obese later in life. This review also considers maternal and child characteristics, and confounders of breastfeeding and how they impact on the infant gut microbiome. Current evidence supports a positive association between fecal, branched short-chain fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharide diversity and a gut microbiome associated with better metabolic health. A negative correlation was found between microbiome diversity and human milk oligosaccharide evenness, which was associated with a greater fat mass and percentage of fat. The components of human breast milk, including oligosaccharides, probiotics, milk fat globule membrane, and adiponectin, were hypothesized to positively influence infant growth and body weight by modulating the microbial diversity and composition of the gut. Maternal diet, timing and duration of breast feeding, and the mode of delivery were all shown to affect the human milk microbiota. However, more experimental studies with long follow-up are required to shed light on the governing mechanisms linking breast milk components with a diverse infant microbiome and healthier body weight later in life.