bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for extended length of stay and non-home discharge in adults treated with multi-level fusion for lumbar degenerative pathology and deformity
Authors: Arora Ayush , Wague Aboubacar , Srinivas Ravi , Callahan Matt , Peterson Thomas A. , Theologis Alekos A. , Berven Sigurd 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To identify independent risk factors, including the Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) score, associated with extended length of stay (eLOS) and non-home discharge following elective multi-level instrumented spine fusion operations for diagnosis of adult spinal deformity (ASD) and lumbar degenerative pathology.

Methods
Adults who underwent multi-level ($$\ge 3$$

≥
3

segments) instrumented spine fusions for ASD and lumbar degenerative pathology at a single institution (2016–2021) were reviewed. Presence of a pre-operative RAPT score was used as an inclusion criterion. Excluded were patients who underwent non-elective operations, revisions, operations for trauma, malignancy, and/or infections. Outcomes were eLOS (> 7 days) and discharge location (home vs. non-home). Predictor variables included demographics, comorbidities, operative information, Surgical Invasiveness Index (SII), and RAPT score. Fisher’s exact test was used for univariate analysis, and significant variables were implemented in multivariate binary logistic regression, with generation of 95% percent confidence intervals (CI), odds ratios (OR), and p-values.

Results
Included for analysis were 355 patients. Post-operatively, 36.6% (n = 130) had eLOS and 53.2% (n = 189) had a non-home discharge. Risk factors significant for a non-home discharge were older age (> 70 years), SII > 36, pre-op RAPT < 10, DMII, diagnosis of depression or anxiety, and eLOS. Risk factors significant for an eLOS were SII > 20, RAPT < 6, and an ASA score of 3.

Conclusion
The RAPT score and SII were most important significant predictors of eLOS and non-home discharges following multi-level instrumented fusions for lumbar spinal pathology and deformity. Preoperative optimization of the RAPT’s individual components may provide a useful strategy for decreasing LOS and modifying discharge disposition.
Underspecification in time
Authors: Idsardi William 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubstance-free phonology or SFP (Reiss 2017) has renewed interest in the question of abstraction in phonology. Perhaps the most common form of abstraction through the absence of substance is underspecification, where some aspects of speech lack representation in memorized representations, within the phonology or in the phonetic implementation (Archangeli 1988, Keating 1988, Lahiri and Reetz 2010 among many others). The fundamental basis for phonology is argued to be a mental model of speech events in time, following Raimy (2000) and Papillon (2020). Each event can have properties (one-place predicates that are true of the event), which include the usual phonological features, and also structural entities for extended events like moras and syllables. Features can be bound together in an event, yielding segment-like properties. Pairs of events can be ordered in time by the temporal logic precedence relation represented by ‘<’. Events, features and precedence form a directed multigraph structure with edges in the graph interpreted as “maybe next”. Some infant bimodal speech perception results are examined using this framework, arguing for underspecification in time in the developing phonological representations.
Diversity, networks, and innovation: A text analytic approach to measuring expertise diversity
Authors: Lungeanu Alina , Whalen Ryan , Wu Y. Jasmine , DeChurch Leslie A. , Contractor Noshir S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of diverse expertise in helping solve difficult interdisciplinary problems, measuring it is challenging and often relies on proxy measures and presumptive correlates of actual knowledge and experience. To address this challenge, we propose a text-based measure that uses researcher’s prior work to estimate their substantive expertise. These expertise estimates are then used to measure team-level expertise diversity by determining similarity or dissimilarity in members’ prior knowledge and skills. Using this measure on 2.8 million team invented patents granted by the US Patent Office, we show evidence of trends in expertise diversity over time and across team sizes, as well as its relationship with the quality and impact of a team’s innovation output.
Connecting the Revolutionary with the Conventional: Rethinking the Differences between the Works of Brouwer, Heyting, and Weyl
Authors: Kish Bar-On Kati 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrouwer’s intuitionism was a far-reaching attempt to reform the foundations of mathematics. Although the mathematical community was reluctant to accept Brouwer’s work, its response to later-developed brands of intuitionism, such as those presented by Hermann Weyl and Arend Heyting, was different. The article accounts for this difference by analyzing the intuitionistic versions of Brouwer, Weyl, and Heyting in light of a two-tiered model of the body and image of mathematical knowledge. Such a perspective provides a richer account of each story and points to a possible connection between the community’s reaction and the changes each mathematician had proposed.
GALOIS LCD CODES OVER
Authors: AGRAWAL ASTHA , VERMA GYANENDRA K. , SHARMA R. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWu and Shi [‘A note on k-Galois LCD codes over the ring
$\mathbb {F}_q + u\mathbb {F}_q$
’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.104(1) (2021), 154–161] studied
$ k $
-Galois LCD codes over the finite chain ring
$\mathcal {R}=\mathbb {F}_q+u\mathbb {F}_q$
, where
$u^2=0$
and
$ q=p^e$
for some prime p and positive integer e. We extend the results to the finite nonchain ring
$ \mathcal {R} =\mathbb {F}_q+u\mathbb {F}_q+v\mathbb {F}_q+uv\mathbb {F}_q$
, where
$u^2=u,v^2=v $
and
$ uv=vu $
. We define a correspondence between the
$ l $
-Galois dual of linear codes over
$ \mathcal {R} $
and the
$ l $
-Galois dual of their component codes over
$ \mathbb {F}_q $
. Further, we construct Euclidean LCD and
$ l $
-Galois LCD codes from linear codes over
$ \mathcal {R} $
. We prove that any linear code over
$ \mathcal {R} $
is equivalent to a Euclidean code over
$\mathbb {F}_q$
with
$ q>3 $
and an
$ l $
-Galois LCD code over
$ \mathcal {R}$
with
$0<l<e$
and
$p^{e-l}+1\mid p^e-1$
. Finally, we investigate MDS codes over
$ \mathcal {R}$
.
Taking trust online: Digitalisation and the practice of information sharing in diplomatic negotiations
Authors: Eggeling Kristin Anabel , Versloot Larissa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCan trust – a core element of diplomacy – be taken online and if so, how? This article starts form the concern that trust is tied to face-to-face diplomacy, which is challenged in digitalising settings. We adopt a practice theoretical lens and study diplomatic information sharing in the Council of the European Union. Drawing on fieldwork from 2018–2021, we find that digital tools are indispensable for trust's enactment and, contrary to commonly held assumptions, do not negatively impede diplomatic trust, per se. Theorising from how diplomats handle digital tools, we find that this leads to a renegotiation of the place and boundaries of trust in diplomatic work. First, we show how digital tools create both new opportunities for and challenges to diplomatic trust, though these opportunities are more accessible to some than others. Second, whereas trust is taken online, it is not easily built digitally. Third, digital tools lead to a rearticulation of the place of transparency and confidentiality in diplomatic negotiations. It pushes diplomats to reconsider what it means to share information in an (un)trustworthy manner. Altogether, these findings further our understanding of contemporary diplomatic practice and offer a refined conception of diplomatic trust.
Alien technology, conjunction and ergodicity
Authors: Ćirković Milan M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn a recent refreshing paper, Cowie (2022, The Philosophical Quarterly) analyses the hypothesis of artificial origin of the mysterious interstellar object 1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua, as well as the wider question of justification of the artefactual origin explanation for anomalous astronomical phenomena. This highly commendable philosophical project should be further developed in order to establish more general methodology for dealing with traces and manifestations of extraterrestrial intentional actors. In the present note, I demonstrate a couple of weaknesses of the standard account, mainly dealing with philosophy of technology, and suggest ways of improving upon it.
Working together when the problem is multi-faceted: understanding inter-agency working for the benefit of people with hoarding problems
Authors: French Sam G. , Lock Karen , Zortea Tiago , Hassall Elaine , Bream Victoria , Webb Kathryn , Salkovskis Paul M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hoarding disorder is a surprisingly common problem which impacts on most areas of life. People who hoard typically have multiple agencies involved in their care due to the complex health and safety impact and risks associated with hoarding. ‘Treatment’ involves finding ways of supporting discarding large amounts, typically underpinned by CBT principles. We evaluated the impact and outcomes of a conference designed to boost professionals’ confidence and understanding in working with hoarding problems, both individually and with other agencies with a view to improving inter-agency service provision. Changes in professionals’ confidence and understanding were evaluated immediately before and after the conference. Conference participants’ qualitative responses related to service improvements were analysed using content analysis. People with personal experience of hoarding issues subsequently participated in a focus group where the results of the conference were presented. These data were analysed using thematic analysis. Confidence and understanding in working with hoarding problems substantially increased from pre- to post-conference. Professionals identified a range of possible improvements, most commonly working more closely and improving communication with other agencies. People with personal experience suggested improvements across three over-arching themes: developing an improved understanding of hoarding, the need for improved resources, and improved multi-agency working. A multi-agency conference increased confidence and understanding in professionals working with hoarding problems, and improvements specified by both people with personal experience and professionals provide a useful guide to service improvement. Results provide a framework in which CBT approaches should be embedded.

Key learning aims

(1)
To assess the effectiveness of a multi-agency hoarding conference at improving understanding and confidence in working with hoarding problems.

(2)
To explore professionals’ perceptions of improvements to multi-agency service provision.

(3)
To explore perceptions of improvements that could be made to multi-agency service provision from people with personal experience of hoarding problems.
Executive Functions and Improvement of Thinking: An Intervention Program to Enhance Deductive Reasoning Abilities
Authors: García-Madruga Juan Antonio , Orenes Isabel , Vila Chaves José Óscar , Gómez-Veiga Isabel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Empirical and theoretical advances and application to society are moved at different speed. Application work is frequently developed later because it requires the integration of knowledge from different research areas. In the present paper, we integrate literature coming from diverse areas of research in order to design a deductive reasoning intervention, based on the involved executive functions. Executive functions include working memory (WM)’s online executive processes and other off-line functions such as task revising and planning. Deductive reasoning is a sequential thinking process driven by reasoners’ meta-deductive knowledge and goals that requires the construction and manipulation of representations. We present a new theoretical view about the relationship between executive function and higher-level thinking, a critical analysis of the possibilities and limitations of cognitive training, and a metacognitive training procedure on executive functions to improve deductive reasoning. This procedure integrates direct instruction on deduction and meta-deductive concepts (consistency, necessity) and strategies (search for counterexamples and exhaustivity), together with the simultaneous training of WM and executive functions involved: Focus and switch attention, update WM representations, inhibit and revise intuitive responses, and control the emotional stress yielded by tasks. Likewise, it includes direct training of some complex WM tasks that demands people to carry out similar cognitive assignment than deduction. Our training program would be included in the school curriculum and attempts not only to improve deductive reasoning in experimental tasks, but also to increase students’ ability to uncover fallacies in discourse, to automatize some basic logical skills, and to be able to use logical intuitions.
Response of quizalofop-resistant rice to sequential quizalofop applications under differential environmental conditions
Authors: Godara Navdeep , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton L. , Gbur Edward E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuizalofop-resistant rice allows for over-the-top applications of quizalofop, a herbicide that inhibits acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. However, previous reports have indicated that quizalofop applied postemergence may cause significant injury to quizalofop-resistant rice. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of quizalofop-resistant rice cultivars to quizalofop applications across different planting dates. Under controlled conditions, the effects of soil moisture content, air temperature, and light intensity on quizalofop-resistant rice sensitivity to quizalofop were investigated. In the planting date experiment, injury of more than 11 percentage points was observed on early-planted rice compared with late-planted rice at the 5-leaf stage, with higher injury observed under saturated soil conditions. However, quizalofop applications at the labeled rate caused ≤16% reduction in yield regardless of planting environment. Quizalofop-resistant cultivars exhibited more injury by at least 25 percentage points when soil was maintained at 90% or 100% of field capacity because rice cultivars ‘PVL01’, ‘PVL02’, and ‘RTv7231 MA’ exhibited ≥42%, 30%, and ≥54% injury, respectively, compared with ≤10%, ≤5%, and ≤22% injury, respectively, at 40% or 50% of field capacity, pooled over rating timing. Greater injury ranging from 18% to 31% was observed on quizalofop-resistant rice grown under low light intensity (600 µmol m−2s−1) compared with 5% to 14% injury under high light intensity (1,150 µmol m−2s−1). The injury persisted from 7 to 28 d after 5-leaf stage application (DAFT), averaged over quizalofop-resistant cultivars and air temperatures (20/15 C and 30/25 C day/night, respectively). At 7 DAFT, greater injury (by 5 to 21 percentage points) was observed on quizalofop-resistant cultivars; PVL01, PVL02, and RTv7231 MA exhibited 33%, 9%, and 58% injury, respectively, under 20/15 C temperature conditions compared with 13%, 4%, and 37% injury, respectively, under 30/25 C day/night conditions averaged over light intensities. Overall, quizalofop is likely to cause a greater risk for injury to quizalofop-resistant rice if it is applied under cool, cloudy, and moist soil conditions.
Identification and extraction of herbicidal compounds from metabolites of Trichoderma polysporum HZ-31
Authors: Zhu Haixia , Chen Hongyu , Ma Yongqiang , Guo Qingyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrichoderma polysporum (Link) Rifai HZ-31 fermentation broth was separated and purified by extraction, column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Four monomer compounds with strong herbicidal activity were obtained: p-hydroxyphenyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether, o-hydroxy-3-carbonyl-1-phenylpropanol, 1,8-propanediol o-xylene, and 2-3-dihydroxypropyl propionate. The biological activity verification test indicated that the four monomer compounds could inhibit the germination of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds. Of the four, compound 3 (1,8-propanediol o-xylene) had obvious inhibitory effects on the germination of A. fatua and B. napus seeds, with inhibition rates of 83.33% and 86.67%, respectively. Therefore, the identification of this monomer compound lays a foundation for the further development of a novel microbial herbicide by directly utilizing it and developing new derivatives with herbicidal functions as lead compounds.
Rapid Remeasure of Dense Civilian Networks as a Game‐Changer Tool for Surface Deformation Monitoring: The Case Study of the Mw 6.4 2020 Petrinja Earthquake, Croatia
Authors: Henriquet M. , Kordic B. , Métois M. , Lasserre C. , Baize S. , Benedetti L. , Spelić M. , Vukovski M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Mw 6.4 right‐lateral Petrinja earthquake (2020, Croatia) is one of the largest continental earthquakes of central Europe for decades. The slip pattern of such events is usually difficult to retrieve with terrestrial geodesy due to limited monitoring means. This study takes advantage of a unique data set of dense measurements of coseismic displacement in the epicentral area, obtained by repeated measurements of benchmark networks designed for civilian purposes, and supplemented by far‐field continuous GNSS measurements. Elastic modeling of these data shows two coseismic slip patches that extend over a 15 × 10 km rupture plane, locally reaching the surface, and that a right‐lateral sub‐parallel secondary fault in the central part of the rupture likely accommodated part of the coseismic deformation. This study demonstrates that rapid re‐measurement of pre‐existing civilian networks offers unique coseismic constrains in the near‐field where InSAR or optical image correlation may decorrelate.
Identifying the Structure and Propagation of Dawnside Pc5 ULF Waves Using Space‐Ground Conjunctions
Authors: Zhang W. , Nishimura Y. , Wang B. , Hwang K.‐J. , Hartinger M. D. , Donovan E. F. , Angelopoulos V. , Hampton D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPc5 ultralow frequency waves are important for transferring energy between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. While many observations have been performed on Pc5 waves properties, it has been difficult to determine the source region, signal propagation path, and the two‐dimensional structure of Pc5 waves beyond coverage by a small number of satellites. Pc5 waves often show a dawn‐dusk asymmetry, but the cause of the asymmetry is under debate. To address these issues, we used conjunction events between the THEMIS satellites and all‐sky imagers and analyzed two Pc5 wave events that were stronger on the dawnside. For both events, the Pc5 waves propagated from dawnside magnetopause toward the nightside magnetosphere. The Pc5 waves were also associated with dawnside magnetopause surface waves, which were probably induced by the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability. The ionospheric equivalent currents identified multiple vortices on the dawnside associated with quasi‐periodic auroral arcs and much weaker perturbations on the duskside. Global auroral imaging also presented a similar dawn‐dusk asymmetry with multiple arcs on the dawnside, while only one or two major arcs existed on the duskside. Pc5 waves in the magnetosphere had an anti‐phase relation between the total magnetic field and thermal pressure, with a slower propagation velocity compared with magnetohydrodynamic waves. The Poynting flux was anti‐sunward with an oscillating field‐aligned component. These properties suggest that Pc5 waves were slow or drift mirror mode waves coupled with standing Alfven waves. The ground‐based and multi‐satellite observations provide crucial information for determining the Pc5 waves properties, possible source region, and signal propagation path.
Energy Deposition by Mesoscale High‐Latitude Electric Fields Into the Thermosphere During the 26 October 2019 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Meng Xing , Ozturk Dogacan S. , Verkhoglyadova Olga P. , Varney Roger H. , Reimer Ashton S. , Semeter Joshua L. , Kaeppler Stephen R. , Zhan Weijia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMesoscale high‐latitude electric fields are known to deposit energy into the ionospheric and thermospheric system, yet the energy deposition process is not fully understood. We conduct a case study to quantify the energy deposition from mesoscale high‐latitude electric fields to the thermosphere. For the investigation, we obtain the high‐latitude electric field with mesoscale variabilities from Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar measurements during a moderate geomagnetic storm, providing the driver for the Global Ionosphere and Thermosphere Model (GITM) via the High‐latitude Input for Mesoscale Electrodynamics framework. The HIME‐GITM simulation is compared with GITM simulations driven by the large‐scale electric field from the Weimer model. Our modeling results indicate that the mesoscale electric field modifies the thermospheric energy budget primarily through enhancing the Joule heating. Specifically, in the local high‐latitude region of interest, the mesoscale electric field enhances the Joule heating by up to five times. The resulting neutral temperature enhancement can reach up to 50 K above 200 km altitude. Significant increase in the neutral density above 250 km altitude and in the neutral wind speed are found in the local region as well, lagging a few minutes after the Joule heating enhancement. We demonstrate that the energy deposited by the mesoscale electric field transfers primarily to the gravitational potential energy in the thermosphere.
Finding Magnetopause Standoff Distance Using a Soft X‐ray Imager: 2. Methods to Analyze 2‐D X‐ray Images
Authors: Samsonov Andrey , Sembay Steven , Read Andrew , Carter Jennifer Alyson , Branduardi‐Raymont Graziella , Sibeck David , Escoubet Philippe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Earth's magnetosheath and cusps are the sources of soft X‐rays. In the accompanying paper (Part 1) and this paper, we discuss the methods of finding the magnetopause position by analyzing the X‐ray images. We use the software developed for the Soft X‐ray Imager (SXI) on board the forthcoming Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission. We show how to find the maximum SXI count rate in noisy count maps. We verify the assumption that the maximum of the X‐ray emissivity integrated along the Line‐of‐Sight (Ix) is tangent to the magnetopause. We consider two cases using two MHD models and apply different methods of magnetospheric masking. Overall, the magnetopause is located close to the maximum Ix gradient or between the maximum Ix gradient and the maximum Ix depending on the method used. But since the angular distance between the maximum Ix gradient and the maximum Ix is relatively small (about 3°), the maximum Ix might be used as an indicator of the outer boundary of a wide magnetopause layer usually obtained in MHD simulations.