bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TWAc-Check: A New Approach to Determine the Appropriate Use of Time-Weighted Average Concentration in Aquatic Risk Assessment
Authors: Wolf Yvonne , Gabsi Faten , Bruns Eric , Heine Simon , Solga Andreas , Witt Johannes , Preuss Thomas G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In pesticide risk assessment, regulatory acceptable concentrations for surface water bodies (RACsw,ch) are used that are derived from standard studies with continuous exposure of organisms to a test compound for days or months. These RACsw,ch are compared with the maximum tested concentration of more realistic exposure scenarios. However, the actual exposure duration could be notably shorter (e.g., hours) than the standard study, which intentionally leads to an overly conservative Tier 1 risk assessment. This discrepancy can be addressed in a risk assessment using the time-weighted average concentration (TWAc). In Europe, the applicability of TWAc for a particular risk assessment is evaluated using a complex decision scheme, which has been controversial; thus we propose an alternative approach: We used TWAc-check (which is based on the idea that the TWAc concept is just a model for aquatic risk assessment) to test whether the use of a TWAc is appropriate for such assessment. The TWAc-check method works by using predicted–measured diagrams to test how well the TWAc model predicts experimental data from peak exposure experiments. Overestimated effects are accepted because the conservatism of the TWAc model is prioritized over the goodness of fit. We illustrate the applicability of TWAc-check by applying it to various data sets for different species and substances. We demonstrate that the applicability is case dependent. Specifically, TWAc-check correctly identifies that the use of TWAc is not appropriate for early onset of effects or delayed effects. The proposed concept shows that the time window is a decisive factor as to whether or not the model is acceptable and that this concept can be used as a potential refinement option prior to the use of toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1778–1787. © 2022 Bayer AG. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
An alternative approach to assess whether the time-weighted average concentration (TWAc) can be applied in aquatic risk assessment of plant protection products. The TWAc-check approach is easy to apply and is able to detect inappropriate cases for the use of TWAc.
Principles of molecular testing for hereditary cancer
Authors: Mighton Chloe , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecular testing for hereditary cancers has rapidly advanced over the past two decades. Next‐generation sequencing has been widely adopted, which has made molecular testing increasingly accessible, and large gene panels are now routinely used in clinical care. Effectively using molecular testing as a tool for the management of patients with hereditary cancer involves understanding various basic principles. In this article, we provide an overview of general principles for molecular germline testing for hereditary cancer syndromes. We overview hereditary cancer etiology, clinical indications for molecular testing, test methodologies and limitations, interpretation and reporting of test results, the evolving nature of evidence on gene‐disease relationships and penetrance, and resources related to the clinical management of hereditary cancer syndromes.
Mental health status of dentists during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salehiniya Hamid , Hatamian Sare , Abbaszadeh Hamid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) on the mental health status of dentists has been studied in various studies. The aim of this study was to review the mental health status of dentists during COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsEnglish databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched till July 2021. Studies that examined the mental health status of dentists during COVID‐19 pandemic were included. The heterogeneity of articles was assessed with the Cochran Test andI2statistics. The prevalence rates of anxiety, fear, sadness, concern, and anger were calculated using the random‐effect model.FindingsOf 560 initial searched articles, 15 articles were eligible to include. The prevalence of anxiety, fear of carrying the infection, fear of getting infected, fear of getting quarantined, and fear of dying people by COVID‐19 were 64%, 92%, 85%, 61%, and 65%, respectively. The distribution frequency of light, moderate, and intense sadness was 22%, 25%, and 30%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense anger was 21%, 14%, and 23%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense concern was 30%, 30%, and 34%, respectively; light, moderate, and intense fear was 38%, 24%, and 15%, respectively.ConclusionFear of COVID‐19 and anxiety was very high among dentists. A significant proportion of dentists had moderate to intense COVID‐19‐associated sadness, concern, and anger. Providing educational content along with providing the necessary personal protective equipment and extensive vaccinations will help maintain the mental health of dentists and provide better quality services.
Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a Boussinesq–Stokes ferromagnetic fluid under sinusoidal and non‐sinusoidal internal heat modulation
Authors: Meghana J. , Pranesh S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInternal heat modulation has several applications in nuclear reactor design and safety, as well as meteorology. In this paper, the influence of internal heat modulation on Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a Boussinesq–Stokes ferromagnetic fluid is explored using linear and nonlinear analyses. The impact of the square, sine, triangular, and sawtooth wave type of internal heat modulation on the onset of convection and heat transport is considered. Using a Venezian method, linear stability analysis is performed to derive the correction Rayleigh number and the critical Rayleigh number for all four waveforms. A nonautonomous Lorenz model is derived and solved for the amplitude to obtain the Nusselt number, which quantifies the heat transport. The impact of the nondimensional parameter on the convective onset and heat transfer under heat source/sink modulation is analyzed. The study shows that all four types of internal heat modulation destabilize the system. It is also found that the presence of a heat source/sink modulation affects the impact of all four types of internal heat modulation on heat transport.
MHD Carreau nanoliquid flow over a nonlinear stretching surface
Authors: Basha Neelufer Z. , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle , Mebarek‐Oudina Fateh , Sarris Ioannis , Vaidya Kanumesh , Prasad Kerehalli V. , Rajashekhar Choudhari 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Dufour and Soret impacts on magnetohydrodynamic Carreau nanoliquid past a nonlinearly stretching sheet are investigated. Variations in viscosity, heat conductivity, and convective boundary conditions are considered. Suitable similarity conversions are utilized to design the governing equations nondimensional. The Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method is employed to resolve the dimensionless equations. Graphs and tables are utilized to illustrate the impacts of the relevant factors over velocity, temperature, concentration, and streamlines. For the variations of different parameters, numerical values for Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction are provided in a table. The observed results are in good agreement with the previous literature findings. Furthermore, the current research shows that when the Dufour number increases, the temperature distributions get narrower. However, with increasing Soret number, the concentration distribution has the opposite effect. One of the important outcomes of the current study is that by increasing the Weissenberg number for shear‐thinning fluids, one can improve the velocity field.
Reimbursement outcomes of a pharmacist‐physician co‐visit model in a Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Gonzalvo Jasmine D. , Kenneally Allison M. , Pence Lauren , Walroth Todd , Schmelz Andrew N. , Nace Nicole , Chang Juan , Meredith Ashley H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists have demonstrated a positive impact in providing patient care in ambulatory settings. Pharmacists have faced multiple barriers to reimbursement, especially in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) setting. A commonly cited barrier is lack of recognition as providers under Medicare.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe the reimbursement potential, physician appointment capacity, and billing levels with the use of a pharmacist‐physician co‐visit model in an urban FQHC.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational cohort study. Patient visits were included in the co‐visit model cohort if they were completed with the pharmacist and/or collaborating physician on the same clinic half‐day from May‐September 2019. Comparator group patient visits were included in the physician‐only cohort if they were with one of five physicians practicing at the FQHC on a day without the pharmacist. Patient visits were excluded if the visit was nonbillable.ResultsRealized reimbursement per half‐day in clinic [mean (SD)], was significantly less with the physician‐only visits compared to the co‐visit billing model [$558 (242) vs $850 (410), P = .001]. The addition of a pharmacist through the co‐visit billing model increased the median (IQR) billing per half‐day in clinic from $1613 (1173, 1788) to $2108 (1832,2620) (P < .001), and the median (IQR) number of patients seen per half‐day from 9 (7, 10) to 12 (10, 14) (P < .001). Unpaid patient bills ($39 599) were excluded from reimbursement analysis in both groups.ConclusionsThe pharmacist‐physician co‐visit model in an FQHC increased revenue to justify the addition of one full‐time equivalent position within our facility, increased the number of patients seen by the physician, allowed for higher‐complexity billing, and provided physicians with variety in responsibilities. The benefits of team‐based care extend beyond the financial implications of a co‐visit model. Without direct pharmacist‐billing mechanisms, this model justifies the expansion of pharmacist‐managed services.
Synthesis, crystal structure investigation and computational approach to discover potential hydrazide derivatives as a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2 enzyme
Authors: El Bakri Youness , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Ahmad Sajjad , Albayati Mustafa R. , Elgarhy Sahar M. I. , Lai Chin‐Hung , Mague Joel T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study reports the synthesis of two new hydrazide derivatives, namely, (E)‐N′‐(4‐ bromobenzylidene)−2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)propanehydrazide (4a) and (E)‐N′‐benzylidene‐2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)propanehydrazide (4b), respectively. The compounds were synthesized by the reaction of benzaldehyde with Ibuprofen acid hydrazide. Their structures were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. To try to do a more detailed investigation, computational studies including Hirshfeld surface analyses, energy frameworks, density functional theory (DFT) optimizations, frontier orbital analyses, molecular electrostatic potential analyses, and natural bond orbital analyses of the studied compounds are performed. Moreover, molecular docking and dynamics simulations of complexes of the compounds with the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) enzyme were performed to determine the anti‐inflammatory potential of the compounds. These analyses predicted the compounds to show maximum chemical interactions and be dynamically stable during simulation time. Furthermore, estimation of binding free energies confirmed the high binding affinity of the compounds for the COX‐2 enzyme.
Algorithms and complexity for counting configurations in Steiner triple systems
Authors: Heinlein Daniel , Östergård Patric R. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSteiner triple systems form one of the most studied classes of combinatorial designs. Configurations, including subsystems, play a central role in the investigation of Steiner triple systems. With sporadic instances of small systems, ad hoc algorithms for counting or listing configurations are typically fast enough for practical needs, but with many systems or large systems, the relevance of computational complexity and algorithms of low complexity is highlighted. General theoretical results as well as specific practical algorithms for important configurations are presented.
A novel de novo missense mutation in EFTUD2 identified by whole‐exome sequencing in mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly
Authors: Yang Mei , Liu Yanyan , Lin Ziyuan , Sun Huaqin , Hu Ting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM) is a rare multiple malformation syndrome characterized by malar and mandibular hypoplasia and congenital‐ or postnatal‐onset microcephaly induced by haploinsufficiency of (elongation factor Tu GTP‐binding domain‐containing 2) EFTUD2.MethodsWe report the case of a 16‐month‐old boy with MFDM symptoms, including malar and mandibular hypoplasia, microcephaly, micrognathia, midline cleft palate, microtia, auditory canal atresia, severe sensorineural hearing loss, and developmental delay. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) analysis of the patient's family was performed to identify the genetic etiology responsible for this phenotype.ResultsWe identified a novel de novo missense mutation (c.671G>T, p.Gly224Val) in the EFTUD2. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) 2015 guidelines, the c.671G>T mutation was classified as likely pathogenic (PS2, PM1, PM2, and PP3). Based on our findings, prenatal diagnosis was performed on the second baby of the proband's parents to exclude the mutation and it was confirmed that the baby did not have the MFDM phenotype after 14 months of follow‐up. Furthermore, the zebrafish model confirmed that the EFTUD2 c.671G>T mutation caused a loss of gene function in EFTUD2, and the pathogenicity of the EFTUD2 c.671G>T mutation was classified as pathogenic (PS2, PS3, PM1, and PM2).ConclusionOur results indicate that WES is a useful tool for identifying potentially pathogenic mutations, particularly in rare disorders, and is advantageous for genetic counseling and subsequent prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, the importance of functional assays cannot be underestimated, which could further confirm the pathogenicity of the genetic variants.
Social anxiety and negative interpretations of positive social events: What role does intolerance of uncertainty play?
Authors: Nishikawa Yasunori , Fracalanza Katie , Rector Neil A. , Laposa Judith M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough previous studies have demonstrated the association between social anxiety symptom severity and the tendency to appraise positive social events negatively among individuals with social anxiety disorder, no study has examined mediators of this relationship. The current study sought to examine whether intolerance of uncertainty and its subfactors mediate the relationship between social interaction anxiety and the tendency to interpret positive social events negatively.MethodOne hundred and sixty‐five individuals with social anxiety disorder completed measures of social interaction anxiety symptom severity, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative interpretations of positive social events.ResultsTotal intolerance of uncertainty and the inhibitory‐intolerance of uncertainty subscale scores significantly mediated the relationship between social interaction anxiety and negative interpretations of positive events. Exploratory post‐hoc analyses regarding the possible contributing role of depression demonstrated mixed results. The same mediation pattern was found in the full sample as well as those without a secondary comorbid mood disorder diagnosis. In contrast, serial mediation showed a mediating role of depressive symptom severity.ConclusionInhibitory‐intolerance of uncertainty plays a role in the relationship between social interaction anxiety and negative interpretations of positive social events.
Amyloid beta induces Fmr1‐dependent translational suppression and hyposynchrony of neural activity via phosphorylation of eIF2α and eEF2
Authors: Lizarazo Simon , Yook Yeeun , Tsai Nien‐Pei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with the accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) being one of the main causes of the disease. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), encoded by fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1), is an RNA‐binding protein that represses translation of its bound mRNAs or exerts other indirect mechanisms that result in translational suppression. Because the accumulation of Aβ has been shown to cause translational suppression resulting from the elevated cellular stress response, in this study we asked whether and how Fmr1 is involved in Aβ‐induced translational regulation. Our data first showed that the application of synthetic Aβ peptide induces the expression of Fmr1 in cultured primary neurons. We followed by showing that Fmr1 is required for Aβ‐induced translational suppression, hyposynchrony of neuronal firing activity, and loss of excitatory synapses. Mechanistically, we revealed that Fmr1 functions to repress the expression of phosphatases including protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), leading to elevated phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2‐α (eIF2α) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and subsequent translational suppression. Finally, our data suggest that such translational suppression is critical to Aβ‐induced hyposynchrony of firing activity, but not the loss of synapses. Altogether, our study uncovers a novel mechanism by which Aβ triggers translational suppression and we reveal the participation of Fmr1 in altered neural plasticity associated with Aβ pathology. Our study may also provide information for a better understanding of Aβ‐induced cellular stress responses in AD.
Upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with frailty severity in older adults
Authors: Lee Chung‐Sheng , Chang Chin‐Hao , Chen Chin‐Ying , Shih Chih‐Yuan , Peng Jen‐Kuei , Huang Hsien‐Liang , Chen Pei‐Yun , Huang Tse‐Le , Chen Ching‐Yu , Tsai Jaw‐Shiun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAging‐associated frailty has been connected to low‐grade chronic inflammation and also to progressive monocytic activation. CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36, platelet glycoprotein 4 or fatty acid translocase) has been shown to induce the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and to activate macrophage connected inflammation. This study aims to examine whether the expression of CD36 is up‐regulated among frail older adults.MethodsThe demographic data, Fried Frailty Index, metabolic and inflammatory parameters of our observational study were obtained from the comprehensive geriatric assessment programme of a hospital‐based outpatient department. The mRNA isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used to determine the levels of CD36, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and CXC chemokine ligand‐10 (CXCL10) mRNAs with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsA total of 189 older adults (58% female) were included in the analysis, and the mean age was 77.19 ± 6.12 years. The numbers of participants who fitted in the groups of robust, pre‐frail, and frail were 46, 106, and 37, respectively. Our data showed that CD36 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs were the highest in the frail group (1.25 ± 0.53 in robust, 2.13 ± 1.02 in pre‐frail, and 2.78 ± 1.15 in frail group, P < 0.001). Further regression analyses revealed that CD36 mRNA levels were positively correlated with both the pre‐frail and frailty status in the univariate analysis (both P's < 0.001). What might suggest something worthy of further investigation is that, with potential confounders being adjusted for, CD36 remained as an independent factor that positively correlated with the pre‐frail and frailty status in the multivariable analysis (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCD36 mRNA levels in PBMCs in robust older adults are significantly lower than in pre‐frail and in frail. Our findings suggest that CD36 mRNA levels in PBMCs may be considered a potential biomarker for frail severity.
Untouched isolation enables targeted functional analysis of tumour‐cell‐derived extracellular vesicles from tumour tissues
Authors: Yu Zi‐Li , Liu Xing‐Chi , Wu Min , Shi Shan , Fu Qiu‐Yun , Jia Jun , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo accurately identify the functions of tumour‐cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (T‐EVs), EVs directly isolated from tumour tissues are much preferred over those derived from in vitro cultured tumour cell lines. However, the functional analysis of T‐EVs has still been severely limited by the difficulty in selective isolation of T‐EVs from tissue‐derived heterogeneous EVs, which also contain non‐tumour cell‐derived EVs. We here establish an untouched isolation strategy that specifically collects natural T‐EVs from tumour tissues by removing non‐tumour‐cell‐derived EVs. Different from traditional immunomagnetic separation, our isolation materials are directly bound to undesired non‐tumour‐cell‐derived EVs, preserving the natural properties of T‐EVs. Using this strategy, we reveal the distinct performances of tissue‐derived T‐EVs in organotropism to lymph nodes, immunosuppression and angiogenesis. The present work, which takes an extraordinary step forward in the isolation of EV subpopulation from tumour tissues, would dramatically accelerate the investigation of EV heterogeneity.
Childhood trauma exposure and reward processing in healthy adults: A functional neuroimaging study
Authors: Hendrikse Chanellé Juanita , du Plessis Stéfan , Luckhoff Hilmar Klaus , Vink Matthijs , van den Heuvel Leigh Luella , Scheffler Freda , Phahladira Lebogang , Smit Retha , Asmal Laila , Seedat Soraya , Emsley Robin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe association between childhood trauma exposure and risk of developing psychopathology may in part be mediated by the effects of chronic stress on dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, little is known about the differential effects of distinct trauma types on reward processing, particularly in adults without concurrent medical or psychiatric disorders. We examined the association of childhood trauma exposure, including the differential effects of abuse and neglect, with reward processing in healthy adults (n = 114). Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was used to assess neural activity in the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex in relation to reward anticipation and reward outcome, respectively. Exposure to childhood trauma, including abuse and neglect, was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire‐Short Form. We found a significant effect for abuse on ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation, adjusting for age, sex, scanner site, educational level, and household monthly income. There were no effects for abuse or neglect, independently or combined, on orbitofrontal cortex activation during reward outcome. Our findings suggest differential effects of childhood abuse on ventral striatum activation during reward anticipation in healthy adults.