bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Early Life Stress on the Genetic Influence on Brain and Cognitive Development in Children
Authors: Wang Hee-Hwan , Moon Seo-Yoon , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim KaKyeong , Ahn Woo-Young , Joo Yoonjung Yoonie , Cha Jiook 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarly life stress (ELS), such as abuse, neglect, and maltreatment, is a well-known risk factor for mental illness. However, it is unclear how ELS affects the brain and cognitive development. Identifying specific relationships of ELS with the genetic and brain-related underpinnings of cognitive development may reveal biological mechanisms responsible for the negative impact of ELS and those that lead to individual differences in sensitivity (or resilience) to ELS. In this study, to investigate the interlinked processes of cognitive development, we analyzed the multimodal data of DNA genotypes, brain imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological assessment (NIH Toolbox) outcomes of 4,276 children (ages 9 to 10 years, European ancestry) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We estimated the genetic influence on cognitive capacity using genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs). Our regression and mediation analyses revealed significant causal relationships for the gene-brain-cognition pathway: Brain structural development significantly mediated the genetic influence on cognitive development (partial mediation effect = 0.016, PFWE<0.001). Interestingly, within the triangular relationship, we found a significant moderation effect of abuse only on the gene-to-brain pathway (Index of Moderated Mediation = −0.007; 95% CI= −0.012 ∼ −0.002; PFWE<0.05). These findings indicate the negative modulatory effects of ELS on the genetic influence on brain structural development that lead to disadvantageous neurocognitive development in prepubertal children.
Heart Rate fractality disruption as a footprint of subthreshold depressive symptoms
Authors: Mandarano Piergiorgio , Ossola Paolo , Marazzi Pierluca , Carsillo Maria , Rozzi Stefano , Lazzeroni Davide 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionPsychopathology, and in particular depression, is a cardiovascular risk factor independent from co-occurring pathology. This link is traced back to the mind-heart-body connection, whose underlying mechanisms are, to date, not completely known. To study psychopathology in relation to the heart, it is necessary to observe the autonomic nervous system, which mediates among the parts of that connection. Its gold standard of evaluation is the study of heart rate variability (HRV).ObjectiveTo assess whether any association exists between the HRV parameters and sub-threshold depressive symptoms in a sample of healthy subjectsMethodsTwo short-term HRV recordings (5 min - supine and sitting) were analysed in 77 healthy subjects. Here we adopted a three-fold approach to evaluate HRV: a set of scores belonging to the time domain (SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD); to the frequency domain (high, low, and very low frequencies) and a set of ‘nonlinear’ parameters. The PHQ-9 scale was used to detect depressive symptoms.ResultsDepressive symptoms were associated only with a parameter from the non-linear approach and specifically the long-term fluctuations of fractal dimensions (DFA-α2). This association remained significant even after controlling for age, gender, BMI, arterial hypertension, anti-hypertensive drugs, dyslipidaemia, and smoking habit. Moreover, the DFA-α2 was not affected by the baroreflex (postural change), unlike other autonomic markers.ConclusionIn conclusion, fractal analysis of HRV (DFA-α2) allows to predict depressive symptoms below diagnostic threshold in healthy subjects regardless of their health status. DFA-α2 may be then considered as an imprint of subclinical depression on the heart rhythm.
Transgender Swimmer in College Athletics
Authors: Senefeld Jonathon W. , Hunter Sandra K. , Coleman Doriane Lambelet , Joyner Michael J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is current scientific and legal controversy about sports competition eligibility regulations for transgender athletes. To better understand and contextualize the effect of androgen-suppression treatment on swimming performance, we compared the gender-related differences in performance of a transgender swimmer who competed in both the male and female NCAA (collegiate) categories to the sex-related differences in performance of world and national class swimmers. These data demonstrate that the gender-related differences in middle distance freestyle performances of a transgender woman are smaller than the observed sex-related differences in performance of top athletes. Our analysis may be useful as a framework for regulators considering participation guidelines which promote fair competition for all athletes, whether cisgender or transgender.One-Sentence SummaryRecent outstanding performances by a transgender woman swimmer are faster than predictions based on historic sex-related differences in swimming performance.
Peripheral nervous system mediates body-wide stem cell activation for limb regeneration
Authors: Payzin-Dogru Duygu , Blair Steven J. , Jena Siddhartha G. , Wilson Sarah E. , Kim Ryan T. , Savage Aaron M. , Kriukov Emil , Cat Victor , Cammarata Louis V. , Bothe Vivien , Erdogan Burcu , Hossain Shifa , Lopez Noah , Losner Julia , Matos Juan Velazquez , Min Sangwon , Dooling Kelly E. , Freedman Adam H. , Groves Bobby , Tajer Benjamin , Kalu Glory , Wynn Eric , Wong Alan Y. L. , Singer Hani , Fröbisch Nadia , Baranov Petr , Buenrostro Jason D. , Haas Brian J. , Chiu Isaac M. , Sackton Timothy B. , Whited Jessica L. 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYMany species throughout the animal kingdom naturally regenerate complex body parts following amputation. Most research in appendage regeneration has focused on identifying mechanisms that influence cell behaviors in the remaining stump tissue immediately adjacent to the injury site. Roles for activation steps that occur outside of the injury site remain largely unexplored, yet they may be critical for the regeneration process and may also shape the evolution of regeneration. Here, we discovered a role for the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in stimulating a body-wide stem cell activation response to amputation that drives limb regeneration. Notably, this systemic response is mediated by innervation at both the injury site and in distant, uninjured tissues, and by several signaling pathways, including adrenergic signaling. This work challenges the predominant conceptual framework considering the injury site alone in the regenerative response and argues instead for brain-body axis in stem cell activation as a priming step upon which molecular cues at the injury site then build tissue.
Ablation of the FACIT collagen XII disturbs musculoskeletal ECM organization and causes patella dislocation and myopathy
Authors: Zhu Mengjie , Metzen Fabian , Betz Janina , Hopkinson Mark , Heilig Juliane , Imhof Thomas , Niehoff Anja , Birk David E. , Izu Yayoi , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Altmüller Janine , Schreiber Gudrun , Paulsson Mats , Koch Manuel , Brachvogel Bent 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCollagen XII, belonging to the fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helix (FACIT) family, assembles from three identical α-chains encoded by the COL12A1 gene. The trimeric molecule consists of three N-terminal noncollagenous NC3 domains joined by disulfide bonds followed by a short interrupted collagen triple helix at the C-terminus. Collagen XII is expressed widely in the musculoskeletal system and mutations in the COL12A1 gene cause an Ehlers-Danlos/myopathy overlap syndrome, which is associated with skeletal abnormalities and muscle weakness. Our study defines the role of collagen XII in patella development using the Col12a1-/- mouse model. Deficiency in Col12a1 expression causes malformed facies patellaris femoris grooves at an early stage, which leads to patella subluxation and growth retardation. Due to the patella subluxation, more muscle fibers with centralized nuclei occur in the quadriceps than in the gastrocnemius muscles indicating a local effect. To further understand the role of collagen XII in the skeletal tissues single cell RNAseq (scRNA-seq) was performed. Comparison of the gene expression in the tenocyte cell sub-population of wild type and Col12a1-/- mice showed that several matrix genes are altered. Finally, we reinvestigated collagen XII deficient patients and observed a patella instability.
Equivalence of the Transition Heat Capacities of Proteins and DNA
Authors: Eskew Matthew W. , Benight Albert S. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTIt has been reported for many globular proteins that the native heat capacity at 25°C, per gram, is the same. This has been interpreted to indicate that heat capacity is a fundamental property of native proteins that provides important information on molecular structure and stability. Heat capacities for both proteins and DNA has been suggested to be related to universal effects of hydration/solvation on native structures. Here we report on results from thermal denaturation analysis of two well-known proteins, human serum albumin and lysozyme, and a short DNA hairpin. The transition heat capacities at the Tm for the three molecules were quantitatively evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. When normalized per gram rather than per mol the transition heat capacities were found to be precisely equivalent. This observation for the transition heat capacities of the proteins is consistent with previous reports. However, an identical transition heat capacity for DNA has not been reported and was unexpected. Further analysis of the collected data suggested a mass dependence of hydration effects on thermal denaturation that is preserved at the individual protein amino acid and DNA base levels. Equivalence of transition heat capacities suggests the possibility of a universal role of hydration effects on the thermal stability of both proteins and DNA.
Engineered chimeras unveil swappable modular features of fatty acid and polyketide synthase acyl carrier proteins
Authors: Cho Yae In , Armstrong Claire L. , Sulpizio Ariana , Acheampong Kofi K. , Banks Kameron N. , Bardhan Oishi , Churchill Sydney J. , Connolly-Sporing Annie E. , Crawford Callie E.W. , Cruz Parrilla Peter L. , Curtis Sarah M. , De La Ossa Lauren M. , Epstein Samuel C. , Farrehi Clara J. , Hamrick Grayson S. , Hillegas William J. , Kang Austin , Laxton Olivia C. , Ling Joie , Matsumura Sara M. , Merino Victoria M. , Mukhtar Shahla H. , Shah Neel J. , Londergan Casey H. , Daly Clyde A. , Kokona Bashkim , Charkoudian Louise K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe strategic redesign of microbial biosynthetic pathways is a compelling route to access molecules of diverse structure and function in a potentially environmentally sustainable fashion. The promise of this approach hinges on an improved understanding of acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), which serve as central hubs in biosynthetic pathways. These small, flexible proteins mediate the transport of molecular building blocks and intermediates to enzymatic partners that extend and tailor the growing natural products. Past combinatorial biosynthesis efforts have failed due to incompatible ACP-enzyme pairings. Herein we report the design of chimeric ACPs with features of the actinorhodin polyketide synthase ACP (ACT) and of the E. coli fatty acid synthase (FAS) ACP (AcpP). We evaluate the ability of the chimeric ACPs to interact with the E. coli FAS ketosynthase FabF, which represents an interaction essential to building the carbon backbone of the synthase molecular output. Given that AcpP interacts with FabF but ACT does not, we sought to exchange modular features of ACT with AcpP to confer functionality with FabF. The interactions of chimeric ACPs with FabF were interrogated using sedimentation velocity experiments, surface plasmon resonance analyses, mechanism-based crosslinking assays, and molecular dynamics simulations. Results suggest that the residues guiding AcpP-FabF compatibility and ACT-FabF incompatibility may reside in the loop I, α-helix II region. These findings can inform the development of strategic secondary element swaps that expand the enzyme compatibility of ACPs across systems and therefore represent a critical step towards the strategic engineering of ‘unnatural’ natural products.
Learning the histone codes of gene regulation with large genomic windows and three-dimensional chromatin interactions using transformer
Authors: Lee Dohoon , Yang Jeewon , Kim Sun 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe quantitative characterization of the transcriptional control by histone modifications (HMs) has been challenged by many computational studies, but still most of them exploit only partial aspects of intricate mechanisms involved in gene regulation, leaving a room for improvement. We present Chromoformer, a new transformer-based deep learning architecture that achieves the state-of-the-art performance in the quantitative deciphering of the histone codes of gene regulation. The core essence of Chromoformer architecture lies in the three variants of attention operation, each specialized to model individual hierarchy of three-dimensional (3D) transcriptional regulation including (1) histone codes at core promoters, (2) pairwise interaction between a core promoter and a distal cis-regulatory element mediated by 3D chromatin interactions, and (3) the collective effect of the pairwise cis-regulations. In-depth interpretation of the trained model behavior based on attention scores suggests that Chromoformer adaptively exploits the distant dependencies between HMs associated with transcription initiation and elongation. We also demonstrate that the quantitative kinetics of transcription factories and polycomb group bodies, in which the coordinated gene regulation occurs through spatial sequestration of genes with regulatory elements, can be captured by Chromoformer. Together, our study shows the great power of attention-based deep learning as a versatile modeling approach for the complex epigenetic landscape of gene regulation and highlights its potential as an effective toolkit that facilitates scientific discoveries in computational epigenetics.
Properties and proximity proteomics of synaptopodin provide insight into the molecular organization of the spine apparatus of dendritic spines
Authors: Falahati Hanieh , Wu Yumei , Feuerer Vanessa , De Camilli Pietro 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYThe spine apparatus is a specialization of the neuronal ER in dendritic spines consisting of stacks of interconnected cisterns separated by a dense matrix. Synaptopodin, a specific actin binding protein of the spine apparatus, is essential for its formation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We show that synaptopodin, when expressed in fibroblasts, forms actin-rich structures with connections to the ER, and that an ER-tethered synaptopodin assembles into liquid condensates. We also identified protein neighbors of synaptopodin in spines by in vivo proximity biotinylation. We validated a small subset of such proteins and showed that they co-assemble with synaptopodin in living cells. One of them is Pdlim7, an actin binding protein not previously identified in spines, and we show its precise colocalization with synaptopodin. We suggest that the matrix of the spine apparatus has the property of a liquid protein condensate generated by a multiplicity of low affinity interactions.Graphical abstract
Unravelling the nexus between creative self-efficacy, humble leadership, innovative work behaviour and job performance amongst physicians in public hospitals
Authors: Al Wali Joather , Muthuveloo Rajendran , Teoh Ai Ping 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe study aims to examine the relationship between innovative work behaviour (IWB) and JP amongst physicians in Iraq public hospitals. The study also determines the effects of creative self-efficacy (CSE) and humble leadership (HL) on IWB. Besides, the study investigates the mediating role of IWB on the relationship between CSE and JP as well as between HL and JP.Design/methodology/approachA total of 332 respondents participated in the survey, although 173 responses were utilised after data screening. The study employs the structural equation modelling via partial least squares (PLS-SEM) to ascertain the relationship between the variables.FindingsEvidence from the study indicates that IWB has a positive relationship with JP, whilst CSE and HL are significant determinants of IWB amongst physicians in Iraq public hospitals. The study provides evidence that IWB plays a positive mediating role in the relationship between CSE and JP as well as between HL and JP amongst physicians in Iraq public hospitals.Originality/valueThe study implies that the JP of physicians in Iraq public hospitals can be enhanced by IWB, whilst the latter can be improved by CSE and HL. The influences of CSE and HL on JP can be boosted by IWB. Hence, efforts to promote IWB should be vigorously pursued by Iraq public hospitals to foster the physicians' JP.
A cognitive model for understanding fraudulent behavior in construction industry
Authors: Hu Huimin , Deng Xiaopeng , Mahmoudi Amin 
Published: December 2021

PurposePrevious fraud studies focused on the influence of external environmental factors rather than the actor's own cognition or psychological factors. This paper aims to explore the influence of cognitive factors on people's intention to commit fraud in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachA scenario-based questionnaire survey was conducted with 248 Chinese construction practitioners. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings showed that perceived threat possibility and perceived threat severity positively affected people's attitudes towards fraud. The reward for compliance and response cost had adverse effects on people's attitudes. Attitude towards fraud and response efficacy directly influenced people's intentions to commit fraud.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study are that only behavioral intention data were collected, and a single scenario was designed. Despite these limitations, this study proposed a cognitive model to understand fraud in the construction industry and provided an empirical analysis using data from Chinese construction practitioners.Originality/valueThis study reveals the impact of cognitive factors on fraud in the construction industry. The results expand the understanding of fraud and propose a cognitive intervention framework to reduce fraud.
Effects of innovative finance, strategy, organization and performance: a case study of company
Authors: Sonmez Cakir Fatma , Adiguzel Zafer 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The aim of the research is to analyze sustainability in energy companies in terms of financial innovation, innovation strategy and organizational innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis of this research was done by using the Mplus 7 package program, and the research model was tested using the existing latent variables and their expressions. Data from 298 administrative staff (white collar) working in companies operating in the energy sector were analyzed.

Findings
Both independent and mediation effects of financial innovation and innovation strategy positively affect sustainability performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order for sustainability performance to be positive, importance should be given to financial innovation, innovation strategy and organizational innovation activities.

Research limitations/implications
As the data were collected from energy companies in this research, it is not correct to generalize the evaluations. Therefore, in terms of the limitations of the research, the sector and sample size should be taken into account in future studies.

Originality/value
This research conducted in energy companies focuses on the importance of sustainability and has a unique value in the literature as the data is collected and analyzed from white-collar employees.
Revisiting the food security system in India in the pandemic era: the case of a Southern Indian state
Authors: Dar Vandita , Sethi Madhvi , Baby Saina , Dinesh Kumar S. , Shrinivas R. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe objective of this paper was twofold-revisiting the in-kind public distribution system (PDS) – India's flagship food security intervention and seeking beneficiary perspectives on its efficacy. The feasibility of cash transfers as an alternative mechanism is also examined, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachPrimary and secondary data from the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu were used. In-depth interviews with beneficiaries using phenomenology were conducted to evaluate their perception and willingness to shift to a cash-based PDS in the pre and post-pandemic periods. Secondary district-level data were also used to ascertain institutional preparedness for this shift.FindingsIn-depth interviews of 105 beneficiaries revealed valuable insights, which seem to have significantly changed post-pandemic. Beneficiaries in the post-pandemic period seem much more inclined toward cash transfers, though a combination of cash plus in-kind benefits seems to be strongly preferred. Secondary results pointed out to the lack of institutional preparedness in financial inclusion. The research suggested that while the existing PDS needs to be overhauled, policymakers should look at a model of cash plus in-kind transfers as a probable alternative to pure cash transfers.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of in-depth state-specific studies on beneficiary perception of PDS, and this is important since the economic and sociocultural milieu in each region is unique. Being the only state with universal food security, its experience could yield important insights for other states or even middle or low-income countries similar to India.
Exploring indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms between the Awi and Gumuz ethnic communities in Zigem Woreda, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengstie Missaye Mulatie 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms for resolving ethnic-based conflicts between the Awi and Gumuz communities in Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach
This study followed a qualitative research approach and it has a case study design that is appropriate to collect in-depth information about indigenous mechanisms of resolving conflicts that arise between Awi and Gumuz ethnic groups. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document review.

Findings
The results revealed that the Awi and Gumuz ethnic groups resolve conflict through the elder council or shimigilina. This indigenous mechanism conflict resolution mechanism is well recognized, accepted and respected both by the Awi and Gumuz ethnic groups. Shimiglina has different phases and rituals which are finally concluded by kale-mehala (oath) or promising not to take revenge and harm. The Awi and Gumuz ethnic groups view shimigilina as a vital and effective conflict resolution mechanism.

Practical implications
This study clearly indicated important implications for policy, practice and future research. The Awi and Gumuz communities have used the elders’ council (shimiglina) to solve ethnic-based conflicts for a long time. Therefore, there should be policy frameworks at different levels (national, regional and local) for the integration of the elders’ council with the formal justice system. Put in other words, this indigenous conflict resolution mechanism should be properly organized and institutionalized. However, a comprehensive study should be conducted to understand how to organize and institutionalize this indigenous conflict resolution mechanism.

Originality/value
This is an original study that contributes to peacebuilding by discovering the role of indigenous knowledge in conflict resolution and peacebuilding.