bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Nanocrystal Facets in Sustainable Organic Synthesis
Authors: Das Soumyadip , Chanda Kaushik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effective synthesis of noble‐metal nanocrystals with controllable shapes opens up several possibilities for manipulating their physicochemical characteristics as well as improving their figures of merit in a number of applications. The availability of this new class of nanomaterials has helped heterogeneous catalysis and surface research in particular, as the atomic structure shown on the surface of a nanocrystal is ultimately governed by its geometric form. The immediate benefits might include a considerable increase in catalytic activity or selectivity, as well as a significant decrease in material costs, all while offering a well‐defined model system for mechanistic investigation. This review paper presents a complete overview of recent developments in the synthesis of noble‐metal nanocrystals with well‐tuned morphologies, as well as their outstanding performance in a wide range of catalytic activities in organic synthesis. Nanocrystals having different shapes such as cubic, cuboctahedra, octahedra, rhombic dodecahedra, etc. exhibited a major role in facet‐dependent catalytic activity in the organic synthesis. Synthesis of organic molecules such as heterocyclic molecule synthesis, coupling reaction (C−C coupling), hydrogenation reaction, oxidation, and peptide synthesis are highly affected by nanocrystals with a particular surface facet. We expect that this review article will provide the motivation and a pathway for the development of next‐generation catalysts, which are critical in a variety of applications for organic synthesis.
Perfect Polar Alignment of Parallel Beloamphiphile Monolayers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Architectures of Unsymmetrical Phenoxy‐Substituted Acetophenone Azines
Authors: Bhoday Harmeet , Lewis Michael , Kelley Steven P. , Glaser Rainer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt remains a great challenge to achieve polar order in organic molecular crystals because anti‐parallel alignment of side‐by‐side molecules is intrinsically preferred. We have addressed this problem with a rational design that focuses on the polar stacking of parallel beloamphiphile monolayers (PBAMs) with strong lateral quadrupole‐quadrupole attractions. We employ arene‐arene interactions as lateral synthons. The first successes were achieved with unsymmetrical donor (X), acceptor (Y) substituted acetophenone azines which form polar PBAMs with double T‐contacts between the azines. Near‐perfect alignment was achieved with the methoxy series of (MeO, Y)‐azines with Y=Cl, Br, I. Here, we report on the synthesis, the characterization (GC/MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR), the crystallization, and the single‐crystal X‐ray analyses of the phenoxy series of (PhO, Y)‐acetophenone azines with Y=F, Cl, Br, I. Properties of (RO, Y) azines were computed at the APFD/6‐311G* level and are discussed with reference to p‐nitroaniline (PNA). This (PhO, Y) series embodies an improved PBAM design based on triple T‐contacts which is shown to facilitate faster crystallization and to produce larger crystals. Perfect polar‐alignment has been achieved for the phenoxy series of (PhO, Y)‐azines with Y=Cl, Br, I and the (PhO, F)‐azine also features near‐perfect dipole alignment.
Clonality, polyploidy and spatial population structure in Baltic Sea Fucus vesiculosus
Authors: Preston Roxana , Blomster Jaanika , Schagerström Ellen , Seppä Perttu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenetic characteristics of populations can have substantial impacts on the adaptive potential of a species. Species are heterogeneous, often defined by variability at a range of scales including at the genetic, individual and population level. Using microsatellite genotyping, we characterize patterns underlying the genetic heterogeneity in marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus, with a particular focus on two forms: attached and free‐living. Here we demonstrate that sympatric populations representing the two forms display marked differences in characteristics of reproduction and genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction was ubiquitous in the free‐living form despite being almost entirely absent in the attached form, while signals of polyploidy were common in both forms despite the distinct reproductive modes. Gene flow within and between the forms differed, with barriers to gene flow occurring between forms at various spatial scales due to the reproductive modes employed by individuals of each form. The divergent genetic characteristics of F. vesiculosus demonstrate that intraspecific differences can influence the properties of populations with consequential effects on the whole ecosystem. The differing genetic patterns and habitat requirements of the two forms define separate but closely associated ecological entities that will likely display divergent responses to future changes in environmental conditions.
Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis
Authors: Hosseini Azar , Pourheidar Elham , Rajabian Arezoo , Asadpour Elham , Hosseinzadeh Hossein , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have indicated the pharmacological properties of linalool, a volatile terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, including anti‐nociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotection provided by (±) linalool and its enantiomer, (R)‐(−) linalool against oxygen, and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool before exposure to OGD/R condition. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, DNA damage, and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis were evaluated using MTT, comet assay, and western blot analysis, respectively. IC50 values for the PC12 cells incubated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool were 2700 and 2600 μM after 14 h, as well as 5440 and 3040 μM after 18 h, respectively. Survival of the ischemic cells pre‐incubated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool (100 μM of both) increased compared to the cells subjected to the OGD/R alone (p < .001). ROS and MDA formation were also decreased following incubation with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool compared to the OGD/R group (p < .01). In the same way, pre‐treatment with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool significantly reduced OGD/R‐induced DNA injury compared to that seen in OGD/R group (p < .001). (±) Linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool also restored Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and cleaved caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 (p < .001, p < .01) following ischemic injury. The neuroprotective effect of linalool against ischemic insult might be mediated by alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
The mediating role of hope in relation with fear of COVID‐19 and mental health: A study on tertiary level students of Rajshahi District
Authors: Sarker Pramath C. , Sugawara Daichi , Nishad Md. Fazle Rabbi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is influential in all parts of people's lives, specifically psychological states due to the fear related to the pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of hope in the connection between the fear of COVID‐19 and mental health among tertiary college students of Rajshahi district during the COVID‐19 disease.MethodA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among tertiary college students a sample of 498 participants (53.4% females and 46.6% males) ranged between ages 19 and 31 (M = 22.03 ± 1.92) and participants filled out the fear of COVID‐19 Scale, Trait Hope Scale, and General Health Questionnaire.ResultIn the case of correlation analysis, fear of COVID‐19 is reversely correlated with mental health, while lower but positive correlations were found with hope. Findings from the process macro v3.5 by Hayes analysis for the study model indicated that hope mediated in the relationship between the fear of COVID‐19 and mental health controlling for gender, and socioeconomic status, and the hypothesized model explained approximately 27% of the variance in mental health.ConclusionOverall, the findings suggest that a high level of mental health is impacted by a low level of fear of COVID‐19. Additionally, a low level of fear of COVID‐19 contributes to increasing levels of hope, which enhances mental health.
Point of care prehospital ultrasound in Basic Emergency Services in Portugal
Authors: Lobo Manuel José Cruz Duarte , Tavares Sérgio Carlos Castanheira Nunes Miravent , Pereira de Almeida Rui Pedro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Point of Care Ultrasound and Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in Resource‐Limited Settings are differentiated diagnostic methods using ultrasound, essential in urgent patients screening, allowing better guidance in the diagnostic process and therapeutic approach. This study intends to observe the impact of these techniques in two Basic Emergency Services (SUB) in Portugal.MethodsA longitudinal study was carried out in two remote locations in Portugal (SUB N and SUB S). Data were collected by trained radiographers in each location, and a total of 972 exams were considered. Imaging findings were documented by exam type, the exam normality and the resolution after exam. χ2 and Cramer's V tests were performed to check significant correlations between the variables.ResultsRegarding the type of echographic findings, 289 (29.7%) were considered normal, 628 (64.6%) were classified as abnormal and 55 (5.7%) were considered inconclusive. As for the type of resolution, 58% had local resolution, 24% were referred to a hospital emergency service and 18% referred to ambulatory care. Regarding the Location versus Resolution after exam versus Findings variables, it was verified a stronger statistically significant association for the exams considered “Abnormal” (Cramer's V = 0.414; p < 0.001). In the variables Location versus Findings versus Resolution after exam, it was verified a stronger statistical significance for “Referral to Ambulatory” (Cramer V = 0.443; p < 0.001) although Referral for Hospital (Cramer V = 0.252; p = 0.003) or Local Resolution (Cramer V = 0.252; p < 0.001) also had a moderate association strength.ConclusionUltrasonography is a useful diagnostic tool for patients screening, having an influence on patient management in remote settings. Given the limited literature in Portugal about this matter, further research and literature will be needed to support and complement the results of this study.
A conceptual framework for nutritional evaluation, screening, and monitoring of pregnant women: Evidence from a Brazilian cohort of nulliparous women
Authors: Miele Maria J. , Souza Renato T. , Vieira Matias C. , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Cecatti José G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present review comes from five previous studies of a multicenter cohort of nulliparous pregnant women from different regions of Brazil. The first study showed a wide difference in consumption of industrialized foods among women from the south and southeast regions compared with northeastern women who chose to eat a healthier diet with fresh natural food. The second investigation intended to understand maternal eating habits, where five dietary patterns were identified: two considered healthy and three with excess protein, ultra‐processed foods, fats, and sweets. Considering some barriers to classifying nutrition status during prenatal care, when data on pre‐pregnancy weight is unknown, the third study developed a tool to identify three levels of risk for each gestational age range, assessed by measuring arm circumference. Applying those new tools, the associations between maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcomes were investigated: prematurity, pre‐eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants. From these analyses, a predictive model was developed indicating that obesity, non‐white color, and dietary pattern with excess protein consumption were associated with a greater probability of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, the potential of the intergenerational influence of head circumference as a proxy for maternal nutrition was analyzed. Using a Path Analysis method, the model was evidenced by different socioeconomic variables. Finally, understanding the complexity of the nutritional assessment, the present conceptual framework was proposed for nutritional assessment, and tracking and monitoring of pregnant women.
Dual-Layer Spectral–Computed Tomography Enhances the Separability of Calcium-Based Implant Material from Bone: An Ex Vivo Quantitative Imaging Study
Authors: Peña Jaime A. , Shaul Jonathan L. , Müller Michael , Damm Timo , Barkmann Reinhard , Kurz Bodo , Campbell Graeme M. , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Glüer Claus-C. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Local treatment of bone loss with an injection of a resorbable, calcium-based implant material to replace bone has a long history of clinical use. The in vivo discrimination of changes in bone versus implant is challenging with standard computed tomography (CT). However, spectral-CT techniques enable the separation between tissues of similar densities but different chemical compositions. Dual-layer spectral-CT imaging and postprocessing analysis methods were applied to investigate the separability of AGN1 (a triphasic calcium-based implant) and bone after AGN1 injection in n = 10 male cadaveric femurs ex vivo. Using the area under the curve (AUC) from receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the separability of AGN1 from bone was assessed for AGN1 (postoperatively) versus compact and versus femoral neck cancellous bone (both preoperatively). CT techniques included conventional Hounsfield (HU) and density-equivalent units (BMD, mg hydroxyapatite [HA]/cm3) and spectral-CT measures of effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (ED). The samples had a wide range of femoral neck BMD (55.66 to 241.71 mg HA/cm3). At the injection site average BMD, HU, Zeff, and ED increased from 69.5 mg HA/cm3, 109 HU, 104.38 EDW, and 8.30 Zeff in the preoperative to 1233 mg HA/cm3, 1741 HU, 181.27 EDW, and 13.55 Zeff in the postoperative CT scan, respectively. For compact bone at the femoral shaft the preoperative values were 1124.15 mg HA/cm3, 1648 HU, 177 EDW, and 13.06 Zeff and were maintained postoperatively. Zeff showed substantially sharper distributions and significantly greater separability compared to ED, BMD, and HU (all p &lt; 0.002, for both regions) with average AUCs for BMD, HU, ED, and Zeff of 0.670, 0.640, 0.645, and 0.753 for AGN1 versus compact and 0.996, 0.995, 0.994, and 0.998 for AGN1 versus femoral neck cancellous sites, respectively. Spectral-CT permits better discrimination of calcium-based implants like AGN1 from bone ex vivo. Our results warrant application of spectral-CT in patients undergoing procedures with similar implants. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Structural evolution and electronic properties of pure and semiconductor atom doped in clusters: Inn−, InnSi−, and InnGe− (n = 3–16)
Authors: Wang Kai , Miao Lin , Jia Zezhao , Wang Runyu , Yin Guangjia , Zhu Xiaodong , Moro Ramiro , Ma Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe bonding and electronic properties of Inn−, InnSi−, and InnGe− (n = 3–16) clusters have been computationally investigated. An intensive global search for the ground‐state structures of these clusters were conducted using the genetic algorithm coupled with density functional theory (DFT). The ground‐state structures of these clusters have been identified through the comparison between simulated photoelectron spectra (PES) of the found lowest‐energy isomers and the experimentally measured ones. Doping semiconductor atom (Si or Ge) can significantly change the structures of the In clusters in most sizes, and the dopant prefers to be surrounded by In atoms. There are three structural motifs for InnX− (X = Si, Ge, n = 3–16), and the transition occurs at sizes n = 5 and 13. All InnSi− and InnGe− share the same configurations and similar electronic properties except for n = 8. Among all above studied clusters, In13− stands out with the largest vertical detachment energy (VDE), HOMO–LUMO gap, (Eb) and second order energy difference Δ2E due to its closed electronic shell of (1S)2(1P)6(1D)10(2S)2(1F)14(2P)6. Similarly, the neutral In12X (X = Si, Ge) clusters are also identified as superatoms but with electronic configuration of (1S)2(1P)6(2S)2(1D)10(1F)14(2P)6.
Establishment and characterization of a new mantle cell lymphoma cell line with a NOTCH2 mutation, Arbo
Authors: Safa Firas , Rasmussen Terri , Lobelle‐Rich Patricia , Collier Stephanie , Milligan Nicholas , Schmeig John , Schmid Janet , Wiewiorowski Carol , Totaro Denise , Brown Theresa C. , Satyavarapu Ishwarya , Badoo Melody , Ungerleider Nathan , Flemington Erik K. , Safah Hana , Saba Nakhle S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCell lines represent an essential tool used in preclinical research. Most hematologic malignancies have a wide array of cell lines representing their respective molecular and pathologic spectra. In mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), cell lines become specifically valuable in view of the heterogeneity of this disease. Unfortunately, the number of MCL cell lines that are available for the research community remains small, with only nine cell lines available for purchase through the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). We have established a novel blastoid MCL cell line, isolated from the malignant pleural effusion of a 69‐year‐old male with refractory MCL. Arbo was fully characterized with cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, whole exome sequencing and drug sensitivity assays. One of the most notable mutations identified in Arbo (but not in normal tissue) was the missense mutation NOTCH2 R2400*, which has been proposed as a clinically significant mutation in MCL seen in 5% of cases. NOTCH2 R2400* results in a truncated Notch2 protein, leading to a more stable and active protein. Using pharmacologic inhibition of Notch2, we showed a dependence of Arbo on NOTCH2 signaling, as well as a link between CD23 expression on Arbo and NOTCH2 activity. Arbo represents a NOTCH2 mutated model that is useful in MCL as well as other lymphomas with such mutation. We plan to deposit Arbo at the ATCC to be available for the research community.
Moral awareness and its relationship with moral sensitivity among Iranian nursing students: A basis for nursing ethics education
Authors: Rahmani Parvin , Behshid Mozhgan , Seif‐Farshad Mehran , Mousavi Saeid , Molaei Tavani Fatemeh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis descriptive‐analytical correlational study was carried out to examine moral awareness and its relationship with moral sensitivity among Iranian nursing students.DesignA descriptive‐analytical correlational study.MethodsThe present descriptive‐analytical study was performed among 140 Iranian nursing students. The data collection tool was a three‐part questionnaire including (1) Demographic Information Questionnaire, (2) Nurses' Awareness about the Iranian Nursing Code of Ethics by Mohajjel Aghdam and (3) Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) by Kim Lutzen. The data collected from these questionnaires were analysed in SPSS‐26 using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe mean moral awareness (29.42 ± 4.01) was good, and the mean moral sensitivity (135.05 ± 18.79) was moderate among the students. A significant positive correlation was observed between the total score of moral awareness and moral sensitivity (r = .22, p = .009) in the nursing students.
Physical and socioeconomic burden of caregiving on family caregivers of children with cancer at a tertiary Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Bekui Beatrice A. A. , Ohene Lillian Akorfa , Badzi Caroline , Ampomah Menford Owusu , Aziato Lydia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer is proportionately higher in Africa and these result in increased demands on caregivers. The inability of affected children to take care of themselves; coupled with prescribed medical interventions presents physical and social burdens on family caregivers.Aims and methodsThis study used a qualitative exploratory design to explore the physical and socioeconomic challenges for family caregivers of children diagnosed with cancer and receiving care at one of the biggest tertiary hospitals in Ghana. A total of thirteen family caregivers of children with cancer were interviewed.FindingsTwo major themes were identified: Burden of care on Physical Health and Socioeconomic burdens of caregiving on the family caregiver. It was reported that family caregivers encounter physical challenges such as Aches and Pains when performing caregiving activities, Loss of Appetite, Fatigue, Compromised Functional State and Sleep Disruption. The second theme, Socioeconomic burdens of caregiving on family caregivers account for the consequences of caregiving on social lives, family relationships, finance and employment.Conclusions and recommendationsThe study recommends that measures that provided relief for the caregivers such as teaching them to adopt local measures of pain relief such as massage should be encouraged. Policies should adopt measures that encourage caregivers to have some days of rest whiles providing care to their children with cancer. Also, health insurance packages that provide relief for the cost of accessing healthcare, should be extended to children with cancers to support their caregivers.
Intensive care units nurses' burnout, organizational commitment, turnover intention and hospital workplace violence: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Tiemei , Abrantes António Cunha Meneses , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to (1) assess the relationship between intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' burnout, organizational commitment and turnover intention, (2) examine the moderating effect of the organizational commitment on the relationship between ICU nurses' burnout and turnover intention, and (3) explore the prevalence and influencing factors of hospital workplace violence among ICU nurses.DesignCross‐sectional study design.MethodsData were collected from August to October 2020 and a convenience sample of registered nurses was recruited. To control common method biases, one‐month temporal separation, Harman's single‐factor analysis and method of latent variables were adopted. The moderating effect was tested by SPSS Hayes PROCESS Macro. Chi‐square and logistic regression were used to examine workplace violence data.ResultsOrganizational commitment (β = −.23, 95% confidence interval −.45 to −.03) and continuance commitment (β = −.15, 95% confidence interval −.24 to −.16) have negative moderation effects on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. 77.7% of ICU nurses experienced workplace violence, male and staff nurses, and nurses with lower professional titles and shorter working years have greater odds of experiencing this violence.