bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning in General Practice: Scoping Review of Administrative Task Support and Automation
Authors: Sørensen Natasha Lee , Bemman Brian , Jensen Martin Bach , Moeslund Thomas B. , Thomsen Janus Laust 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to support general practice in the early detection of disease and treatment recommendations. However, AI systems aimed at alleviating time-consuming administrative tasks currently appear limited. This scoping review thus aims to summarize the research that has been carried out in methods of machine learning applied to the support and automation of administrative tasks in general practice.
Methods
Databases covering the fields of health care and engineering sciences (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL with full text, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore) were searched. Screening for eligible studies was completed using Covidence, and data was extracted along nine research-based attributes concerning general practice, administrative tasks, and machine learning.
Results
1439 records were identified and 1158 were screened for eligibility criteria. A total of 12 studies were included. The extracted attributes indicate that most studies concern various scheduling tasks using supervised machine learning methods with relatively low GP involvement. Importantly, few studies employed the latest available machine learning methods and the data used frequently varied in terms of setting, type, and availability.
Conclusion
The limited field of research developing in the application of machine learning to administrative tasks in general practice indicates that there is a great need and high potential for such methods. However, there is currently a lack of research likely due to the unavailability of open-source data and a prioritization of diagnostic-based tasks. Future research would benefit from open-source data, cutting-edge methods of machine learning, and clearly stated GP involvement, so that improved and replicable scientific research can done.
Near-field sensor array with 65-GHz CMOS oscillators can rapidly and comprehensively evaluate drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium
Authors: Kikuchi Shojiro , Yamashige Yoshihisa , Hosoki Ryosuke , Harata Masahiko , Ogawa Yuichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major clinical problem. Because Mycobacterium, the causative agent of tuberculosis, are slow-growing bacteria, it takes 6–8 weeks to complete drug susceptibility testing, and this delay contributes to the development of MDR-TB. Real-time drug resistance monitoring technology would be effective for suppressing the development of MDR-TB. In the electromagnetic frequency from GHz to THz regions, the spectrum of the dielectric response of biological samples has a high dielectric constant owing to the relaxation of the orientation of the overwhelmingly contained water molecule network. By measuring the change in dielectric constant in this frequency band in a micro-liquid culture of Mycobacterium, the growth ability can be detected from the quantitative fluctuation of bulk water. The 65-GHz near-field sensor array enables a real-time assessment of the drug susceptibility and growth ability of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). We propose the application of this technology as a potential new method for MDR-TB testing.
Publication Trends of Leber Congenital Amaurosis Researches: A Bibliometric Study during 2002-2021
Authors: Huang Xiaoxu , Wang Yimin , Xie Minyue , Zhao Xiaohuan , Chen Yuhong , Chen Jieqiong , Han Siyang , Zhou Minwen , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is one of earliest and most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophies. In this study, we aimed to analyze the changes in scientific output relating to LCA and forecast the study trends in this field. Methods All of the publications in the field of LCA from 2002 to 2021 were collected from Web of Science (WOS) database. We analyzed the quantity (number of publications), quality (citation and H-index) and development trends (relative research interest, RRI) of published LCA research over the last two decades. Moreover, VOSviewer software was applied to define the co-occurrence network of keywords in this field. Results A total of 2057 publications were ultimately examined. We found that the focus on LCA kept rising and peaked in 2015 and 2018, which is consistent with the development trend of gene therapy. The US has contributed most to this field with 1125 publications, 52970 citations and the highest H-index value, 112. The keywords analysis was divided into five clusters to show the hotspots in the field of LCA, namely mechanism-related, genotype-related, local phenotype-related, system phenotype-related, and therapy-related. We also identified gene therapy and anti-retinal degeneration therapy as a major focus in recent years. Conclusions Our study illustrated historical research process and future development trends in LCA field. This may help to guide the orientation for further clinical diagnosis, treatment and scientific research.
Development of InDel markers and identify candidate flowering time genes in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Li Yadong , Luo Xiaobo , Peng Xiao , Jin Yueyue , Tan Huping , Wu Linjun , Li Jingwei , Pei Yun , Xu Xiuhong , Zhang Wanping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The transition from the vegetative to reproductive growth is an important stage in radish life cycle (Raphanus sativus L.). However, the molecular mechanism of radish bolting and flowering is still unclear. To obtain new insight into the genomic variation, population structure, genetic diversity and molecular regulation mechanism of flowering time, genome resequencing and transcriptome sequencing were conducted between two cultivars with extreme differences in flowering time.
Results
In this study, a total of 366,679 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 97,973 insertion-deletion (InDel) markers were identified based on genome sequences between ‘YZH’ and ‘XHT’. In all, 53,343 SNPs and 4,257 InDels were detected in two cultivars by transcriptome. Among the InDel variations, 85 genomic and 15 transcriptomic InDels were newly developed and validated PCR. Population structure and phylogenetic relationship revealed that the radish cultivars from northern China were clustered together and the southwest China cultivars were clustered together. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 10,983 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two cultivars, of which 5,020 were upregulated and 5,983 were downregulated. In total, 145 flowering time-related DGEs were detected, most of which were involved in flowering time integrator, circadian clock/photoperiod autonomous, and vernalization pathways. In flowering time-related DGEs region, 150 transcriptomic SNPs and 9 InDels were obtained. RT-qPCR displayed that the expression pattern of ten DEGs were consistent with the results obtained by RNA-Seq analysis.
Conclusions
The large amount of SNPs and InDels identified in this study will provide a valuable marker resource for radish genetic and genomic studies. The detected flowering time-related DGEs could provide fundamental insight into bolting and flowering regulatory networks and accelerate further investigating molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in radish.
A Novel Quantitative Model Based on Gross Tumor Volume Corresponding to Anatomical Distribution Measured with Multidetector Computed Tomography to Determine Resectability of Non-distant Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Control Study
Authors: Gao Dan , Ou Jing , Tan Bang-guo , Yu Zi-yi , Li Ke-ying , Li Rui , Zhang Xiao-ming , Chen Tian-wu , Zhou Hai-ying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
It is essential to accurately determine resectability of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) for treatment decision making. Previous studies revealed that CT-derived gross tumour volume (GTV) associates well with T category of ESCC, nodal metastases and N stage, treatment failure rate, and disease survival rate. This study aimed to explore whether anatomical distribution-based GTV of non-distant metastatic thoracic ESCC measured with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) could quantitatively determine the resectability.
Methods
473 consecutive patients with biopsy-confirmed non-distant metastatic thoracic ESCC underwent contrast-enhanced CT were randomized into the training (TC, 376 patients) and validation (VC, 97 patients) cohorts. GTV was retrospectively measured on MDCT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors of non-distant metastatic ESCC resectability in TC. Subsequently, Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare GTV based on different anatomic distributions between patients of resectable and unresectable ESCCs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was to clarify if anatomical distribution-based GTV could help quantitatively determinate resectability. Unweighted Cohen’s Kappa tests in VC were to assess the performance of the previous models.
Results
Univariate analysis demonstrated that gender, anatomic distribution, cT stage, cN stage and GTV were related to resectability of non-distant metastatic ESCC (all P-values < 0.05) in TC. Multivariate analysis showed that GTV and anatomic distribution (P < 0.001 and = 0.027; odds ratio = 1.158 and 1.924, respectively) were independent risk factors of resectability. The ROC analysis showed that GTV cutoffs of the upper, middle and lower thoracic portions were 23.57 cm3, 22.89 cm3 and 22.58 cm3 to determine resectability with areas under the ROC curves of more than 0.9, respectively. Unweighted Cohen’s Kappa tests showed an excellent performance of the ROC models in the upper, middle and lower thoracic portions with Cohen k-values of 0.913, 0.879 and 0.871, respectively.
Conclusions
GTV and anatomic distribution of non-distant metastatic thoracic ESCC could be independent risk factors of resectability, and anatomical distribution-based GTV could well quantitatively determine resectability.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using automatically constructed CNN architectures with pre-slide topographic DEM of deep-seated catastrophic landslides caused by Typhoon Talas
Authors: Kikuchi Teruyuki , Sakita Koki , Nishiyama Satoshi , Takahashi Kenichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for detailed and accurate landslide maps and inventories in disaster-prone areas of subtropical and temperate zones, particularly in Asia. Hence, in this study, models using automatically constructed high-performing convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for landslide detection were applied and their outcomes were compared for landslide susceptibility mapping at the Kii peninsula, Japan. First, a total of 101 landslide and non-landslide points were identified and divided into 70% and 30% of training and validation datasets, respectively. Eight landslide influence factors were used: slope angle, eigenvalue ratio, curvature, underground openness, overground openness, topographic witness index (TWI), wavelet, and elevation. Experimental results of model evaluation using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy showed that the optimal models (ROC = 96.0%, accuracy = 88.7%) were more accurate than initial models (ROC = 91.1%, accuracy = 80.7%) in predicting landslides spatially. Furthermore, the landslide susceptibility mapping is consistent with the trends in the distribution of gentle slopes and knick lines unique to the study area and can be used as a powerful method for predicting landslides in future.
World Hepatitis Day 2021 – Community Awareness and Screening for Viral Hepatitis in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Kusi Kwadwo Asamoah , Puije William van der , Asandem Diana A. , Baba-Adam Rawdat , Agbevey Hardy , Asare Bright , Segbefia Philip , Bentum-Ennin Lutterodt , Annan Audrey , Osei Frank , Teye-Adjei Doreen , Galevo Elsie Sutaya , Odame Gifty , Ansa Gloria , Amoah Linda , Bonney Joseph Humphrey Kofi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: In Ghana, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health threat as in many parts of the world. Even with an effective vaccine, there are shortfalls with low vaccine coverage among adults. To create awareness and encourage vaccination, community engagement and public-private partnerships are needed in endemic settings to help fund campaigns and offer vaccinations at no cost to under privileged people.
Methods: Participants from the University of Ghana community and its immediate environs were registered, taken through pre-counselling sessions where they were educated on hepatitis transmission and prevention before consenting. Eligible participants were screened for HBV markers with rapid test kits. All HBsAb-negative participants were recommended for initial vaccination at the event, whilst the subsequent shots were administered. Hepatitis B surface Antigen-positive participants were counselled and referred for appropriate care.
Results: A total of 297 people, comprising of 126 (42%) males and 171 (58%) females aged between 17 and 67 years were screened. Amongst these, 246 (82.8%) showed no detectable protective antibodies against HBV and all of them agreed to and were given the first dose HBV vaccine. Additionally, 19 (6.4%) individuals tested positive for HBsAg and were counselled and referred to specialists for further assessment and management. We found that 59 (19.9%) of our participants had previously initiated HBV vaccination and had taken at least one dose of the vaccine more than 6 months prior to this screening, 3 of whom tested positive for HBsAg. For the three-dose HBV vaccines deployed, a little over 20% (50/246) and a further 17% (33/196) did not return for the second and the third doses respectively, resulting in an overall 66% (163/246) of persons who completed all three vaccinations.
Conclusions: A key lesson from this exercise is the need for partnerships between the health sector and corporate bodies to increase and improve awareness, care, and management of hepatitis. Additionally, home and school vaccination programmes may be adopted to enhance vaccine uptake and adherence to the vaccination schedule. We plan to extend this screening exercise to deprived and/or rural communities where HBV incidence may be higher than in urban communities.
The additional unique ability of TuMV HC-Pro in inhibiting HEN1 activity for enhancing the autophagic AGO1 degradation in RNA silencing suppression
Authors: Wei Wei-Lun , Tran Phuong-Anh , Fang Ru-Ying , Pham Thanh Ha , Bowman John , Hong Syuan-Fei , Pan Zhao-Jun , Shang Qian-Wen , Lin Pin-Chun , Shen Bing-Nan , Wu Fu-Hui , Lin Choun-Sea , Shen Tang-Long , Lin Shih-Shun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Genomes of potyviruses, the largest group of plant viruses, encode HC-Pro proteins that mediate RNA silencing suppression. HC-Pros may exhibit only 40% similarity between species, and induce different levels in autophagic ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) degradation. Our data indicated that HC-Pro of turnip mosaic virus (HC-ProTu) could efficiently trigger AGO1 degradation through autophagy compared with HC-Pros of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (HC-ProZy) and tobacco etch virus (HC-ProTe). Furthermore, HC-ProTu, but not in HC-ProZy, forms a suppression body (S-body) to recruit AGO1 and HEN1, preventing those components from translocating into the nucleus. HC-ProTu, but not HC-ProZy and HC-ProTe, specifically inhibits HEN1 activity, resulting in unmethylated microRNAs (miRNAs) accumulating in the cytoplasm without loading into AGO1. Therefore, we hypothesize that HC-ProTu could enhance the autophagic AGO1 degradation due to the unique HEN1 inhibition interfering with RNA-inducing silencing complex (RISC) assembly.
Burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease in 204 countries and territories，1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Na , Yang Wan-Li , Cai Mei-Hong , Chen Xiang , Zhao Ran , Li Meng-Ting , Yan Xia-Lin , Xue Li-Wei , Liu Hong , Tang Min-Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction

For effective preventive strategies against GORD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease), we assessed the GORD burden from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

The burden of GORD between 1990 and 2019 was evaluated globally, regionally, and nationally. Using ASIR (age-standardized incidence), ASYLDs (age-standardized YLDs), we compared them to the GBD world population per 100,000. The estimates were based on 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The AAPC (average annual percent change) in incidence, YLDs, alongwith prevalence rates with associated 95%CIs were estimated.

Results

Data to estimate the burden of GORD are scarce till now. The global ASIR of GORD in 2019 was 3792.79 per 100,000, an increase AAPC of 0.112% from 1990. The prevalence of GORD increased with a AAPC of 0.096% to 9574.45 per 100,000. Global ASYLDs in 2019 was 73.63, an increase AAPC of 0.105% from 1990. The GORD burden varies greatly depending on the development level and geographical location. USA demonstrated the most obvious decreasing trend in burden of GORD, while Sweden had an increasing trend. That the increase in GORD YLDs was mediated primarily by the growth and aging of population, was revealed by decomposition analyses. There was an inverse relationship between SDI (socio-demographic index) and GORD-burden. Frontier analyses revealed significant scope of improvement in the status of development at all levels.

Conclusion

GORD is a public health challenge, especially in Latin America. Some SDI quintiles had declining rates, while some countries experienced increased rates. Thus, resources should be allocated for preventative measures based on country-specific estimates.
[18F]Fluoride uptake in various bone types and soft tissues in rat
Authors: Savisto Nina , Grönroos Tove J. , Oikonen Vesa , Rajander Johan , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Bergman Jörgen , Forsback Sarita , Solin Olof , Haaparanta-Solin Merja 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: In the development of new 18F-labelled tracers, it is important to assess the amount of released [18F]fluoride taken up in the bones of experimental animals because all 18F-labelled PET-tracers are prone, to lesser or higher degree, to undergo defluorination, with subsequent release of [18F]fluoride during scanning. However, the pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoride in bones and other organs of healthy rats have not been well documented in a comprehensive manner. We aimed to study if the knowledge of [18F]fluoride pharmacokinetics would increase our understanding of the biodistribution of 18F-labelled tracers and clinical interpretation of [18F]NaF PET?
We studied [18F]fluoride uptake in Sprague Dawley rat bones, including the epiphyseal parts of the tibia and radius, the mandible, ilium, lumbar vertebrae, costochondral joints, tibia, radius, and ribs, with 60-min in vivo PET/CT imaging. Kinetic parameters, K1, Ki, Ki/K1, and k3 were calculated with a three-compartment model. In addition, separate groups of male and female rats were studied with ex vivo bone and soft tissue harvesting and gamma counting over a 6-h period.
Results: [18F]fluoride perfusion and uptake varied among the different bones. [18F]fluoride uptake was higher in trabecular bones, due to high perfusion and osteoblastic activity, compared to cortical bones. In soft tissues, the organ-to-blood uptake ratios increased over time in the eyes, lungs, brain, testes, and ovaries during the 6 h study period.
Conclusion: Understanding the pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoride in various bones and soft tissues is highly useful for assessing 18F-labelled radiotracers that release [18F]fluoride, and the same applies when [18F]NaF is used in human bone or calcification studies.
Utilization of Bottom Ash Waste as Reinforced Columns in Improving the Characteristics of Soft Kaolin Clay
Authors: Zaini Muhammad Syamsul Imran , Hasan Muzamir , Jusoh Wan Nursyafiqah Binti Wan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ground improvement is an effective method of mitigation to improve problematic soils including soft kaolin clay soils. Implementation of industrial wastes such as bottom ash in ground improvement can be cost-effective and environment-friendly. There are several studies conducted on the granular column using the bottom ash column. However, only a few studies have reported findings coherent with the statistical analysis. In this study, the lateral load capacity of bottom ash column-kaolin clay has been conducted. Coherently, the reinforced kaolin clay samples were tested via Particle Size Distribution, Atterberg limit test, Relative Density, Compaction test, Permeability test, Unconfined Compression Test and Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Test with the single and group encapsulated bottom ash with the geotextile encasement and a prediction model was developed. The effect of a number of columns, column diameter, column height, area replacement ratio, height penetration ratio, height-diameter column ratio, volume replacement ratio and confining pressures on the shear strength of the single and group of encapsulated bottom ash columns have been investigated. The findings showed the effectiveness of using the bottom ash columns to enhance the shear strength of the soil up to 77.00%.
Treatment and outcomes of chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocations: A retrospective case series
Authors: Haritinian Emil George , Stoica Ioan Cristian , Popescu Roman , Gheorghievici Gavril Lucian , Nové-Josserand Laurent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Posterior shoulder dislocations are rare injuries that are often missed on initial presentation. Cases left untreated for more than three weeks are considered chronic, cannot be reduced closely (they become locked) and are usually associated with a significant Hill-Sachs defect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocations treated with the McLaughlin procedure (classic or modified).
Methods
This retrospective study included 12 patients with chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation operated on between 2000 and 2021 by two surgeons in two institutions. Patients received a thorough clinical examination and radiological assessment before and after surgery. Shoulders were repaired with the McLaughlin or modified McLaughlin procedure. Outcomes were assessed by comparing pre- and postoperative values of clinical variables.
Results
Most of the dislocations were of traumatic origin. The average delay between dislocation and surgical reduction was 13.5 ± 9.7 weeks. Postoperative clinical outcomes were favourable, with an average subjective shoulder value of 86.4 ± 11.1 and a normalized Constant –Murley score of 90 ± 8.3. None of the patients had a recurrence of shoulder dislocation, but one patient developed avascular necrosis of the humeral head and two patients developed glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
Conclusions
In this group of patients with chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation, the clinical outcomes of McLaughlin and modified McLaughlin procedures were satisfactory, even when surgery was significantly delayed.