bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortgage Lending, Default, and the Community Reinvestment Act
Authors: RINGO DANIEL 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) encourages banks to lend to low‐ and moderate‐income individuals. This paper estimates the effect of the CRA on mortgage lending, exploiting variation in the set of banks whose lending performance is assessed in a given neighborhood due to redefinitions of Metropolitan Statistical Areas in 2003. Incorporating a typical tract into one additional banks' assessment area increased mortgage lending there by approximately 2%. Lending to low‐income borrowers was particularly affected. While income‐conditional default risk was little changed, CRA‐induced loans were riskier than average, due to their borrowers' lower incomes.
Evaluation of correlated studies using liquid cell and cryo‐transmission electron microscopy: Hydration of calcium sulphate and the phase transformation pathways of bassanite to gypsum
Authors: Ilett M. , Freeman H. M. , Aslam Z. , Galloway J. M. , Klebl D. P. , Muench S. P. , McPherson I. J. , Cespedes O. , Kim Y‐Y. , Meldrum F. C. , Yeandel S. R. , Freeman C. L. , Harding J. H. , Brydson R. M. D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInsight into the nucleation, growth and phase transformations of calcium sulphate could improve the performance of construction materials, reduce scaling in industrial processes and aid understanding of its formation in the natural environment. Recent studies have suggested that the calcium sulphate pseudo polymorph, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) can form in aqueous solution via a bassanite (CaSO4·0.5H2O) intermediate. Some in situ experimental work has also suggested that the transformation of bassanite to gypsum can occur through an oriented assembly mechanism. In this work, we have exploited liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) to study the transformation of bassanite to gypsum in an undersaturated aqueous solution of calcium sulphate. This was benchmarked against cryogenic TEM (cryo‐TEM) studies to validate internally the data obtained from the two microscopy techniques. When coupled with Raman spectroscopy, the real‐time data generated by LCTEM, and structural data obtained from cryo‐TEM show that bassanite can transform to gypsum via more than one pathway, the predominant one being dissolution/reprecipitation. Comparisons between LCTEM and cryo‐TEM also show that the transformation is slower within the confined region of the liquid cell as compared to a bulk solution. This work highlights the important role of a correlated microscopy approach for the study of dynamic processes such as crystallisation from solution if we are to extract true mechanistic understanding.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a biosimilar abobotulinum toxin type A in treating moderate‐to‐severe glabellar lines: A non‐inferiority double blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Afshani Seyyedeh Maryam , Samadi Aniseh , Ayatollahi Azin , Kashani Mansour Nassiri , Ahmad Nasdrollahi Saman , Hosseini Hamed , Rezagholi Zahra , Hedayatjoo Behnaz , Hazegh Fetratjoo Delara , Ghobadi Mohammad Amin , Anari AmirHossein , Saeedifar Sajjad , Firooz Alireza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundInjection of botulinum toxin for cosmetic purposes is a well‐established practice.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of Dyston® (investigational biosimilar abobotulinumtoxinA) with Dysport® (abobotulinumtoxinA, Ipsen) in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe glabellar lines.MethodsOut of 193 screened subjects, 126 volunteers with moderate‐to‐severe glabellar lines fulfilling eligibility criteria were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either an intramuscular injection of 40–60 units of Dyston® or Dysport®. The primary objective was to test the non‐inferiority of Dyston® compared with Dysport® as measured by the percentage of volunteers who achieved no or mild glabellar lines at maximum frown assessed by the physicians based on the Glabellar Line Severity Score (GLSS) at Day 30. Secondary endpoints included the improvement in the glabellar lines at maximum frown and rest states at Days 14, 60, 90, and 120 as well as the side effects of the treatment.ResultsResponse rates at maximum frown were 75.44% (43/57) in the Dyston® group and 76.67% (46/60) in the Dysport® group on Day 30 (p value: 0.88, 95% CI: −14.24 to 16.70, diff: 1.23) as per‐protocol set, and were 75.81% (47/62) and 76.19 (48/63) (p value: 0.96, 95% CI: −14.59 to 15.35, diff: 0.3) in the Dyston® and the Dysport® groups, respectively, based on modified intention to treat population. Adverse events were similar in both groups and mostly mild and well‐tolerated.ConclusionTreatment of moderate‐to‐severe glabellar lines with Dyston® was effective, tolerable, and non‐inferior compared with Dysport®.
TNF‐α gene ‐238G>A polymorphism is associated with psoriasis patients
Authors: Akcılar Raziye , Dizen Namdar Nazlı , Yükcü Fulya , Arslan Utku Selve 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a protein that plays a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory disorders like psoriasis.AimsThe goal of this study was to see whether the TNF‐α gene ‐238G>A polymorphism was linked to psoriasis susceptibility.MethodsThis study comprised 90 psoriasis patients and ninety healthy controls. For the TNF‐α gene ‐238G>A polymorphism, genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies.ResultsPsoriasis patients had higher frequencies of the A allele and the AA genotype than the control group, and psoriasis was linked to the AA genotype (OR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.37–13.1, p = 0.008) and the A allele (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.01–2.34, p = 0.04). Patients with a family history of psoriasis showed an increase in the frequency of the AA genotype compared with GG and GA genotypes (46.7%, 36.7%, and 16.7%, p = 0.003, respectively). Furthermore, psoriasis patients with the AA genotype were discovered more commonly among those under 30 years of age and male patients than those with the GG and GA genotypes, but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe TNF‐α gene ‐238G>A polymorphism has been related to an increased incidence of psoriasis.
Original and Ongoing Dispossessions: Settler Capitalism and Indigenous Resistance in British Columbia
Authors: Paulson Justin , Tomiak Julie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper draws on archival research and theoretical work to articulate the specific histories, processes, and structures of primitive accumulation in British Columbia. Such processes of accumulation appear differently here than in the comparably more well‐theorized contexts of imperial colonialisms. As we highlight the agents and infrastructures of dispossession, our research also aims to foreground the importance of agents and infrastructures of resistance. Different dispossessions generate different antagonisms, and we argue that Indigenous subjects are situated antagonistically to capital not only as laborers partially or wholly subsumed into capitalist social relations, but as Indigenous peoples as such, whose Indigeneity has been ‘in the way’ of development from the 1850s onward. Private property requires before all else the deterritorialization of those whose relations with the land do not revolve around its commodification. Violence against Indigenous nations, and especially Indigenous women, is not incidental to capitalist development but is a prerequisite to capitalist subsumption in the settler‐colonial context. In requiring the death of either Indigeneity or the person, capital constitutes Indigenous struggle as an antagonist, interrupting both the subsumption of labor and the circulation of capital (even as such struggles may also self‐constitute themselves in a variety of ways).
Validity of patient self‐reports and clinical signs in the assessment of sleep bruxism based on home‐recorded electromyographic/electrocardiographic data
Authors: Ohlmann Brigitte , Rathmann Friederike , Bömicke Wolfgang , Behnisch Rouven , Rammelsberg Peter , Schmitter Marc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundReliable and suitable bruxism assessment would be desirable, but available studies presented heterogeneous results.ObjectiveTo determine the agreement of patient self‐reports and clinical signs of sleep bruxism (SB) with electromyographic/electrocardiographic data.MethodsTwo hundred individuals from a German dental clinic population (120 women and 80 men) participated in the study. Participants completed different SB questionnaires, had a clinical examination to evaluate bruxism signs and used the Bruxoff® device to record electromyographic/electrocardiographic data for five nights. To investigate interrater reliability for clinical diagnosis of bruxism, 126 of the 200 participants were assessed for clinical signs of bruxism by two independent uncalibrated examiners. Statistical evaluation included calculation of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy and of Cohen's kappa.ResultsBased on the Bruxoff® data, 106 participants were identified as bruxers and 94 as non‐bruxers. The 106 bruxers were further classified into 47 moderate and 59 intense bruxers. The highest accuracy and sensitivity values were recorded for the overall score for clinical bruxism signs (accuracy: 72.0% and sensitivity: 70.8%). The best specificity (96.8%) was seen for the question regarding tooth grinding in the last two weeks reported by others, but concurrent sensitivity was very low (3.8%). Analysis of interrater reliability revealed a substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa of 0.6).ConclusionThe study results indicate that self‐report questionnaires and clinical signs have moderate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing bruxism comparing with an ambulatory device for current SB (Bruxoff®). Regarding interrater reliability for clinical signs of SB, substantial agreement was found between the two examiners.Clinical trial no. NCT03039985.
Pediatric vascular anomalies with airway compromise
Authors: Gorostidi François , Glasson Nicolas , Salati Victoria , Sandu Kishore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVascular anomalies are rare lesions of diverse nature that may affect the head and neck region. Any mass in or around the upper airway has the potential to obstruct or compromise it. The absolute priority, before etiologic treatment, is the evaluation of the risk for the airway and its management. Prenatal diagnosis of an upper airway obstruction requires a planned delivery in a center having a specialized team experienced in managing a compromised feto‐neonatal airway, and who could perform an ex‐utero intrapartum treatment to secure the airway. Even after birth, the airway remains central in the patient's overall management. Signs and symptoms of airway compromise must be evaluated keeping in mind the specific requirements of infants and small children and being aware that rapid worsening may occur. The treatment is then tailored to the patient and his lesion with the goal of improving symptoms while avoiding treatment‐related complications. Maintaining reasonable expectations by the patient and families are part of a successful management. Cure is achievable for small and localized lesions, but symptom relief and mitigation of functional, esthetic and psychological impairments is the goal for large and complex lesions. If a tracheotomy was required, decannulation is one of the primary management goals.
Which objective itch‐assessment tools are applicable to patients with advanced cognitive impairments? A scoping review
Authors: Nitta Shiori , Maeda Tomonori , Koudounas Sofoklis , Minematsu Takeo , Tobe Hiromi , Weller Carolina , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundItching is an irritating and uncomfortable sensation that has a profound effect on patients' physical and mental health. It is a major under‐recognised problem in older patients who cannot express their pain due to advanced cognitive impairment. Therefore, objective itch‐assessment tools that do not rely on patients' reports of itching may be of value for this patient group.ObjectiveTo summarise the characteristics of validated objective itch‐assessment tools for patients with advanced cognitive impairment.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist. The PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched, via database‐specific search strategies, for articles published in English between January 1, 1990 and March 11, 2020. Based on the eligibility criteria, two authors independently screened the articles for inclusion. Thereafter, the lead author performed data extraction and analysis.ResultsThree validated scratch‐monitoring using accelerometers and a sound sensor and one validated scratch‐mark assessment have been reported. The Actiwatch Plus, ActiTrac®, body‐conducted sound sensor and Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index for scratching (SCORAD‐scratch) had positive criterion validity outcomes. The Actiwatch Plus, ActiTrac® and body‐conducted sound sensor were significantly correlated with scratch behaviour (r = 0.91, p < 0.001; r = 0.71, p = 0.042; r = 0.99, and p‐value not shown, respectively). The SCORAD‐scratch was significantly correlated with subjective itch‐assessment scores (r = 0.78–0.80, p = <0.0001–0.010).ConclusionsThis scoping review summarises the characteristics of validated objective itch‐assessment tools to investigate which of these are applicable to older patients with advanced cognitive impairments. Although there are limitations and further verification is required, the ActiTrac®, Actiwatch Plus and body‐conducted sound sensor may be useful for measuring scratch movements and itching.Implications for practiceNurses and patients' families may better understand the characteristics and validity of each objective itch‐assessment tool and select the optimal tool for patients with advanced cognitive impairment who cannot express their discomfort caused due to itching.
Atypical sites of twin atrioventricular nodes in a rare form of univentricular heart
Authors: Chiba Yuki , Izumi Gaku , Takeda Atsuhito 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwin atrioventricular nodes (AVNs) associated with complex tachycardias has been described in a heart with discordant atrioventricular (AV) connection. The present case had twin AVNs (approximately 3 o'clock and 8 o'clock position) of sole AV annulus with absent right AV connection. It is a first report demonstrated the twin AVNs identified at atypical sites associated with a univentricular heart with single inlet connection.
Risk of pain disorders in offspring of parents with substance use disorders
Authors: Li Dian‐Jeng , Chen Mu‐Hong , Bai Ya‐Mei , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Cheng Chih‐Ming , Su Tung‐Ping , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Yeh Ta‐Chuan , Liang Chih‐Sung 
Published: March 2022

AimsIndividuals with substance use disorders (SUD) have higher risk of developing pain disorders. This study aimed to investigate the risk of major psychiatric disorders (MPD), SUD, and pain disorders among their offspring.MethodsThis study used data from the Taiwan National Health Research Database. The case cohort included participants who had a parent diagnosed with SUD. The matched control cohort was offspring of parents without any SUD or major psychiatric disorder (MPD). Poisson regression was applied to estimate the risk of MPD, SUD, and pain disorder between case and control cohorts.ResultsWe recruited 13,840 cases and 138,400 matched controls. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and family history of psychiatric disorder, the offspring of parents with SUD had higher risk for bipolar disorder (reported as risk ratio with 95% confidence interval: 2.48, 1.79–3.43), depressive disorder (2.22, 1.94–2.52), SUD (2.53, 2.18–2.92), and alcohol use disorder (1.43, 1.16–1.76) than controls. With adjustments of demographic characteristics, individual MPD, and family history of psychiatric disorder, they also presented higher risk than controls for several pain disorders, including migraine (1.43, 1.15–1.78), fibromyalgia (1.21, 1.03–1.42), dorsopathies (1.20, 1.06–1.37), dysmenorrhea (1.16, 1.04–1.29), irritable bowel syndrome (1.26, 1.11–1.43), and dyspepsia (1.14, 1.02–1.27).ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the influence of parental SUD on the elevated risk for MPD, SUD, and pain disorders in their offspring.
Use of a donor‐derived cell‐free DNA assay to monitor treatment response in pediatric renal transplant recipients with allograft rejection
Authors: Steggerda Justin A. , Pizzo Helen , Garrison Jonathan , Zhang Xiaohai , Haas Mark , Kim Irene K. , Jordan Stanley C. , Puliyanda Dechu P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDetection of donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) reliably identifies allograft rejection in pediatric and adult kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Here, we evaluate the utility of dd‐cfDNA for monitoring response to treatment among pediatric renal transplant recipients suffering graft rejection.Methods58 pediatric transplant recipients were enrolled between April 2018 and March 2020 and underwent initial dd‐cfDNA testing to monitor for rejection. Allograft biopsy was performed for dd‐cfDNA scores >1.0%. Patients with histologically proven rejection formed the study cohort and underwent appropriate treatment. Results of dd‐cfDNA, serum creatinine (SCr), biopsy findings, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Standard statistical analyses were applied.ResultsNineteen of 58 (31%) patients had dd‐cfDNA score >1.0%, of which 18 (94.7%) had biopsy‐proven rejection. Median dd‐cfDNA value was 1.90% (interquartile range 1.43%–3.23%), and biopsy results showed 11 patients (61.1%) with antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), 2 patients (11.1%) with T‐cell mediated rejection (TCMR), and 5 patients (27.7%) with mixed AMR/TCMR. SCr at time of biopsy was 1.28 ± 1.09 mg/dl. Following treatment, dd‐cfDNA scores decreased for all types of rejection but still remained >1.0% in both AMR (1.50% [0.90%–3.10%]) and mixed (1.40% [0.95%–4.15%]) groups. Repeat dd‐cfDNA values were <1.0% for patients with TCMR (0.20%–0.28%). SCr showed minimal change from pre‐treatment levels regardless of rejection subtype.ConclusionsPatients with TCMR may be reliably followed by dd‐cfDNA; however, it remains unclear whether persistently elevated dd‐cfDNA levels in AMR is a reflection of ongoing subclinical rejection or an inherent limitation of the assay's utility.
Comparison of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy accuracy for the diagnosis of psoriasis and lichen planus
Authors: Wang Zi‐Yi , Fei Wen‐Min , Li Cheng‐Xu , Cui Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as noninvasive tools are gaining increasing importance in the diagnosis of inflammatory skin disorders. The purpose of our study was to calculate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy and RCM in common inflammatory skin diseases.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively collected clinical, dermoscopic, and RCM images of psoriasis and lichen planuscases from March 2018 to February 2021 in China‐Japan Friendship Hospital. There were 10 experts evaluated dermoscopic and RCM images independently. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predict value, and negative predictive value for each and all investigators were calculated. The diagnostic accuracy was also measured by the area under the curve (AUC) for the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curves.ResultsWe collected 82 psoriasis and 47 lichen planus cases. Dermoscopy was more sensitive than RCM in the diagnosis of psoriasis, and overall diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy was also higher than RCM measured by AUC (0.879 vs. 0.835, p = 0.0001). For lichen planus, RCM had higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall diagnostic accuracy than dermoscopy (AUC 0.916 vs. 0.813, p<0.0001).ConclusionDermoscopy and RCM play a significant role in assisting the diagnosis of psoriasis and lichens planus. These two noninvasive diagnostic tools have their own advantages and disadvantages for the evaluation of different inflammatory skin diseases, and they can be combined in clinical practice to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Visual, Vestibular, and Proprioceptive Dependency of the Control of Posture in Chronic Neck Pain Patients
Authors: Alizadeh Alireza , Jafarpisheh Amir Salar , Mohammadi Maryam , Kahlaee Amir H. 
Published: March 2022

Sensory reweighting of postural control was compared in participants with and without neck pain. Center of pressure variables of 60 volunteers, the same in each group, were calculated under four standing conditions: (a) eyes open, neutral head posture; (b) foam interface, eyes open; (c) cervical extension, eyes open; and (d) cervical extension, eyes closed. All center of pressure variables except anterior posterior range/velocity increased significantly in Condition 2 compared with Conditions 1 and 3 (p < .001) and in Condition 4 compared with Conditions 1 and 3. The mediolateral range/velocity and path length in both groups, anterior posterior range in patients, and center of pressure area in the control group were significantly different between Conditions 2 and 4 (p < .001). No overweighting was observed on the vestibular or visual afferents in patients. Compensatory strategies seem to lie within the proprioceptive system.
Effects of an integrated mindfulness intervention for veterans with diabetes distress: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: DiNardo Monica M , Greco Carol , Phares Angela D , Beyer Nicole M , Youk Ada O , Obrosky D Scott , Morone Natalia E , Owen Jason E , Saba Shaddy K , Suss Stephen J , Siminerio Linda 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionUS military veterans have disproportionately high rates of diabetes and diabetes-related morbidity in addition to being at risk of comorbid stress-related conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of a technology-supported mindfulness intervention integrated into usual diabetes care and education on psychological and biobehavioral outcomes.Research design and methodsVeterans (N=132) with type 1 or 2 diabetes participated in this two-arm randomized controlled efficacy trial. The intervention arm received a one-session mindfulness intervention integrated into a pre-existing program of diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) plus one booster session and 24 weeks of home practice supported by a mobile application. The control arm received one 3-hour comprehensive DSMES group session. The primary outcome was change in diabetes distress (DD). The secondary outcomes were diabetes self-care behaviors, diabetes self-efficacy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, mindfulness, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), body weight, and blood pressure. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Participant satisfaction and engagement in home practice were assessed in the intervention group at 12 and 24 weeks.ResultsIntention-to-treat group by time analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in DD in both arms without significant intervention effect from baseline to 24 weeks. Examination of distal effects on DD between weeks 12 and 24 showed significantly greater improvement in the intervention arm. Improvement in DD was greater when baseline HbA1C was <8.5%. A significant intervention effect was also shown for general dietary behaviors. The secondary outcomes diabetes self-efficacy, PTSD, depression, and HbA1C significantly improved in both arms without significant intervention effects. Mindfulness and body weight were unchanged in either group.ConclusionsA technology-supported mindfulness intervention integrated with DSMES showed stronger distal effects on DD compared with DSMES control. Examination of longer-term outcomes, underlying mechanisms, and the feasibility of virtual delivery is warranted.Trial registration numberNCT02928952.