bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Pattern of Early Versus Later-Onset Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Eurasian Country
Authors: S. Akkelle Bilge , Ertem Deniz , Volkan Burcu , Tutar Engin 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
It is not clear whether the characteristics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differ between Eastern and Western countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of PIBD in Turkey, according to the age at diagnosis.

Methods:
The data of 176 children with IBD who were followed in our center were analyzed. Patients were divided into early (EO-IBD, onset at 2 to <10 years) and later-onset (LO-IBD, 10 to ≤17 years) IBD according to the age at diagnosis. Patients’ data with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) were compared.

Results:
Of 176 patients, 47 (26.7%) were diagnosed with EO-IBD. Patients with early-onset ulcerative colitis (EO-UC) had the highest rate of family history of IBD (17.6%). Pancolitis was the most common form of UC regardless of the age at onset. The rate of moderate-severe disease activity in later-onset UC (62.5%) was higher than in EO-UC (37.5%). A higher rate of extraintestinal manifestations was observed in EO-IBD patients, particularly in EO-UC (38.2%) than in LO-IBD patients. Patients with early-onset CD (EO-CD) had predominantly colonic involvement and nonstricturing, nonpenetrating disease behavior. The rate of perianal disease in patients with later-onset CD (LO-CD) (64.5%) was noticeably higher than those with EO-CD (23%).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that patients with EO-UC represented a distinct phenotype with a mild disease activity, high rate of extraintestinal symptoms, and a high proportion of family history. The analysis of our IBD cohort also demonstrated remarkably high rate of perianal disease, particularly in patients with LO-CD.
Exercise in the Aquatic Environment for People With Primary Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses
Authors: Geigle Paula Richley , Van Wingerden Anita , Biondi Marti , Gangaway Janet , Modica Stephen , Morris David , Salem Yasser , Thein Brody Lori 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose:
More than 31 million Americans experience activity limitations related to hip osteoarthritis (OA), and aquatic exercise is one management option. To guide aquatic-based exercise practice, the available evidence-based data (quantity and quality) of aquatic environment exercise for people with primary hip OA was evaluated.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted from 2004 to 2020 using 8 databases: PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Science Citation Index Expanded, ISI Proceedings (Web of Science), and REHABDATA. The extracted data included information related to authors, study design, participant characteristics (demographics, time since diagnosis, comorbidity), intervention details (setting, type, water temperature and depth, and dosage parameters such as frequency, intensity, duration and length), outcome measures, and adverse events.

Results:
There were 196 studies identified, with 136 studies screened at the abstract level with 48 resultant studies, reviewed at the full-text level with 9 resultant publications included in this quantitative analyses (7 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 2 non-RCTs). Individuals with hip OA who participated in prescribed aquatic exercise experienced improved overall lower extremity function including range of motion, strength, balance, gait, function performance (p = .00; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.30; SE = 0.07; I
2 = 0), and pain (p = .00; SMD = 0.34; SE = 0.12; I
2 = 45) but no change in quality of life (p = .07; SMD = 0.15; SE = 0.08; I
2 = 0).

Discussion and Conclusion:
For individuals with primary hip OA, prescribed exercise in an aquatic environment improved lower extremity function, balance, and pain outcomes. To improve consistent, evidence-driven aquatic intervention for individuals experiencing limitations secondary to hip OA, these researchers recommend that schedule individual or staff time to review these systematic review results, establish a user-friendly dosage rubric including these minimum intensity and aquatic environment parameters, and discuss the evidence-driven suggested outcomes and include other specific standardized outcomes for their facility, as well as a means to efficiently document these outcomes.
Intensity of Aquatic Physical Activity Is Best When Tailored to the Participants' Mental and Physical Capabilities: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Barrios Nathalie , Sames Carol , Allen Amy , Vieira Edgar R. , Boolani Ali 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Aquatic exercise has been shown to modify feelings of energy and fatigue in patients with chronic diseases. However, we are unaware of studies that have explored individual characteristics such as personality traits, sleep quality, and physical functioning that can determine whether or not a patient's mood improves with aquatic exercise. The purpose of this study was to identify individual characteristics associated with participants who reported a decline in feelings of energy or an increase in feelings of fatigue after a group aquatic exercise session.

Methods:
Participants were recruited from a community group aquatic program and asked to complete a series of surveys to assess their health status, sleep quality, and predisposition to feelings of energy and fatigue (trait energy and fatigue). Participants also completed a series of objective functional assessments. Current feelings of mental and physical energy and fatigue were measured on random days over multiple occasions before and after aquatic exercise. Participants were split into groups based on whether they reported an increase or decrease in feelings of energy and fatigue.

Results:
Participants (n = 11) completed a minimum of 2 sessions where mood was measured, and all 11 reported an increase in feelings of physical energy compared with the start of each session. All but one participant reported an improvement in feelings of mental energy. Interestingly, 4 participants reported an increase in feelings of physical fatigue, while 5 reported an increase in feelings of mental fatigue after exercise. All participants who reported an increase in feelings of physical fatigue also reported an increase in feelings of mental fatigue. When comparing the 2 groups, those who reported an increase in feelings of fatigue after exercise also reported low social functioning when compared with those who reported a decrease in feelings of fatigue.

Discussion:
Positive mood responses to exercise are associated with continued participation; therefore, this study provides insight into identifying individuals who consistently feel fatigued and may be less likely to complete an aquatic exercise program. These results suggest that either the modality or intensity of exercise may need to be changed for people with low social functioning as they may experience increased feelings of fatigue after a session of aquatic exercise. Future research with larger sample sizes is needed.
Long-term Suprapubic Catheter–Related Care Requirements When Living at Home
Authors: Sweeney Alyson 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to develop a best practice guideline specific to the health care needs of adults living at home with a long-term suprapubic catheter (SPC).

DESIGN:
Guided by the theory of social constructionism, a mixed-methods, 2-phased study design enabled an integration of experiences and consensus from 2 groups of experts.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The first group of experts involved 10 people living with a long-term SPC at home. The second group comprised 23 nurses who provided care to people living with a long-term SPC at home.

METHODS:
During phase 1, semistructured in-depth interviews were completed to explore people's day-to-day self-care practices and support needs when living at home with a long-term SPC. These data were evaluated via thematic analysis. The themes identified in phase 1 provided the phase 2 question framework in the development of a 3-round Delphi survey involving the expert nurse group. The first round elicited the respondents' opinions on specific aspects of SPC-related care. Using qualitative content analysis, practice statements were generated and used in subsequent survey rounds. The respondents rated their level of agreement to each statement. The guideline comprises the statements that achieved consensus.

RESULTS:
The 6 elements of the best practice guideline contracted using this mixed-methods study were psychological support needs, cystostomy site care, SPC replacement, drainage equipment practices, complication avoidance and management, and planning ahead.

CONCLUSIONS:
This best practice document provides a valuable resource to guide health professionals, promoting standardized best practices when caring for persons living at home with an SPC.
Use of a Sacral Foam Dressing to Prevent Pressure Injury in At-Risk Subacute Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Lovegrove Josephine , Fulbrook Paul , Miles Sandra J. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this pilot study was to inform a future trial aimed at comparing the effectiveness of a prophylactic sacral dressing plus standard care to standard care only to reduce sacral pressure injuries (PIs) in at-risk older adults admitted to a subacute hospital setting.

DESIGN:
A pilot study with a pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled trial design.

SAMPLE AND SETTING:
One hundred thirty participants were randomized (intervention n = 66, 50.8%; control n = 64, 49.2%). Protocol violations occurred in 48 participants (intervention n = 33, 68.8%; control n = 15, 31.3%). The study setting was a subacute hospital inpatient care unit located in Queensland, Australia.

METHODS:
Participants were randomly allocated 1:1 to the intervention (prophylactic dressing plus standard care) or control group (standard care). Standard care included regular PI risk and skin assessments, and selection and implementation of preventive interventions (eg, support surfaces and increased repositioning) from a PI prevention care plan. The sacral dressing was applied for intervention participants immediately following recruitment. Ward and research staff collected data and assessed skin integrity daily; participants were followed up until onset of a PI or up to 28 days without PI occurrence. In addition, retrospective chart reviews were undertaken to verify PI occurrences. Patient comfort and dressing utility were also evaluated.

RESULTS:
Two (3.0%) participants in the intervention group and 1 (1.6%) in the control group developed a sacral PI. The difference was not statistically significant. Only 1 PI was recorded prospectively, while 2 PIs were identified via retrospective chart review. Participants rated dressing comfort highly, particularly during the first 2 weeks, and nurses rated utility highly. Based on the intention-to-treat results, a sample size of 1799 per arm would be required in a definitive trial.

CONCLUSIONS:
A definitive trial is feasible and warranted. However, the large sample size required in a definitive trial indicates the need for multiple sites.
Effects of psoriasis and psoralen exposure on the somatic mutation landscape of the skin
Authors: Olafsson Sigurgeir , Rodriguez Elke , Lawson Andrew R.J. , Abascal Federico , Jones Philip H. , Gerdes Sascha , Martincorena Iñigo , Weidinger Stephan , Campbell Peter J. , Anderson Carl A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSomatic mutations are hypothesised to play a role in many non-neoplastic diseases. These diseases may also shape the somatic mutation landscape of affected tissues after onset. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 1182 microbiopsies dissected from lesional and non-lesional epidermis from 111 patients with psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, to search for evidence that somatic mutations in keratinocytes may influence the disease process and to characterise the effects of the disease on the mutation landscape of the epidermis. We show that psoriasis is associated with increased mutation burden of the cell-intrinsic signatures SBS1 and SBS5 but not of UV-light, which remains the dominant mutagen in psoriatic skin. Despite the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes that characterises psoriasis, lesional skin remains highly polyclonal, showing no evidence of spread of clones carrying potentially pathogenic mutations. We find that the selection forces operating in the epidermis remain mostly unchanged in psoriasis and the mutational landscape continues to be dominated by clones carrying mutations in genes recurrently mutated in normal squamous epithelia. There is evidence of positive selection in previously reported driver genes, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, TP53, FAT1 and PPM1D and we also identify four driver genes (GXYLT1, CHEK2, ZFP36L2 and EEF1A1), that have not been previously described in studies of normal skin but which we hypothesise are selected for in squamous epithelium irrespective of disease status. We describe the mutagenic effects of psoralens, a class of chemicals previously found in some sunscreens and which remain a part of a common photochemotherapy treatment for psoriasis (psoralens and UV-A, PUVA). Psoralens leave a distinct mutational signature in the genomes of exposed cells that is tightly linked with transcription, showing evidence of both transcription-coupled repair and transcription-coupled damage. These results suggest that somatic mutations in keratinocytes are unlikely to influence the pathogenesis of psoriasis and that while psoriasis has only modest effect on the mutation landscape of the skin, PUVA treatment has the potential to exert a unique and larger effects.
A molecular phenotypic map of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Di Genova Alex , Mangiante Lise , Sexton-Oates Alexandra , Voegele Catherine , Fernandez-Cuesta Lynnette , Alcala Nicolas , Foll Matthieu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare understudied cancer associated with exposure to asbestos. So far, MPM patients have benefited marginally from the genomics medicine revolution due to the limited size or breadth of existing molecular studies. In the context of the MESOMICS project, we have performed the most comprehensive molecular characterization of MPM to date, with the underlying dataset made of the largest whole genome sequencing series yet reported, together with transcriptome sequencing and methylation arrays for 120 MPM patients.ResultsWe first provide comprehensive quality controls for all samples, of both raw and processed data. Due to the difficulty in collecting specimens from such rare tumors, a part of the cohort does not include matched normal material. We provide a detailed analysis of data processing of these tumor-only samples, showing that all somatic alteration calls match very stringent criteria of precision and recall. Finally, integrating our data with previously published multi-omic MPM datasets (n=374 in total), we provide an extensive molecular phenotype map of MPM based on the multi-task theory. The generated map can be interactively explored and interrogated on the UCSC TumorMap portal (https://tumormap.ucsc.edu/?bookmark=746c4bc0e8bc4eb5f280cdd8lc7dcc783955faf2e2b493d0d205b7dle92b98c4).ConclusionsThis new high quality MPM multi-omics dataset, together with the state-of-art bioinformatics and interactive visualization tools we provide, will support the development of precision medicine in MPM that is particularly challenging to implement in rare cancers due to limited molecular studies.
Irgm proteins attenuate inflammatory disease in mouse models of genitalChlamydiainfection
Authors: Dockterman Jacob , Everitt Jeffrey I. , Wallace Graham , Coers Jörn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChlamydiaeare obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that may cause genital pathology via induction of destructive host immune responses. Human-adaptedChlamydia trachomatiscauses inflammatory disease in human hosts but is easily cleared in mice, and mouse-adaptedChlamydia muridarumestablishes a productive and pathogenic infection in murine hosts. While numerous anti-chlamydial host resistance factors have been discovered in mice and humans alike, little is known about host factors promoting host fitness independent of host resistance. Here, we show that interferon-inducible immunity-related GTPase M (Irgm) proteins function as such host factors ameliorating infection-associated sequalae in the murine female genital tract, thus characterizing Irgm proteins as mediators of disease tolerance. Specifically, we demonstrate that mice deficient for all three murine Irgm paralogs (pan-Irgm-/-) are defective for cell-autonomous immunity toC. trachomatis, which correlates with an early and transient increase in bacterial burden and sustained hyperinflammationin vivo. In contrast, upon infection of pan-Irgm-/-mice withC. muridarum, bacterial burden is unaffected, yet genital inflammation and scarring pathology are nonetheless increased, demonstrating that Irgm proteins can promote host fitness without altering bacterial burden. Additionally, pan-Irgm-/-mice display increased granulomatous inflammation in genitalChlamydiainfection, implicating Irgm proteins in the regulation of granuloma formation and maintenance. These findings demonstrate that Irgm proteins regulate pathogenic immune responses toChlamydiainfectionin vivo, establishing an effective infection model to examine the immunoregulatory functions and mechanisms of Irgm proteins.ImportanceIn response to genitalChlamydiainfection, the immune system mounts a proinflammatory response to resist the pathogen, yet inflammation must be tightly controlled to avoid collateral damage and scarring to host genital tissue. Variation in the humanIRGMgene is associated with susceptibility to autoinflammatory diseases but its role in ameliorating inflammatory diseases caused by infections is poorly defined. Here we use mice deficient for all three murine Irgm paralogs to demonstrate that Irgm proteins not only provide host resistance toChlamydiainfections but also limit associated inflammation in the female genital tract. In particular, we find that murine Irgm expression prevents granulomatous inflammation, which parallels inflammatory diseases associated with variants in humanIRGM. Our findings therefore establish genitalChlamydiainfection as a useful model to study the roles for Irgm proteins in both promoting protective immunity and limiting pathogenic inflammation.
Biologics for pediatric atopic dermatitis A protocol of A systematic review and meta - analysis
Authors: Cao Rui , Lu Jiaxing , Chen Zhao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease, tends to occur in children. The objective of this study is to evaluate the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis with Biologics, as biologics continue to emerge for atopic dermatitis (AD)MethodsThe databases we will search include Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the and PubMed of RCTs from inception to 15st May 2022. The primary outcomes The proportion of patients with EASI 75 as the primary outcome,. The secondary outcomes incloud NRS, DLQI score and adverse reaction incidence.Studies will be screened by two independent authors. They will assess the risk of bias of the final included studies according to the RCTs bias risk evaluation tool in Cochrane System Review Manual 5.1.0. Meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsThe research results will provide a reference for the clinical application of biological agents in pediatric atopic dermatitis.ConclusionWe aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biologics in pediatric atopic dermatitis and provide evidence-based data for clinical applicationEthics and disseminationThe study does not collect raw data and personal information, does not involve jeopardizing the rights of the participants. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be reported in publications and the mediaPROSPERO registration numberCRD42022319052(https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#joinuppage)
Addiction and Rational Choice: Evidence from an Eye Tracking Experiment with Cigarette Packages
Authors: Gerstenblüth Mariana , Harris Jeffrey E. , Triunfo Patricia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe asked 97 current cigarette smokers to make 12 binary choices between experimental packages with varying warnings and background colors. Each participant had to decide which of the two packages contained cigarettes less risky for his health. Confronted with repugnant, threatening images, these smokers nonetheless made choices that were context independent, adhered to transitivity, and consistent with an additive utility model. Eye tracking measurements confirmed that the choices of 65 percent of participants were further compatible with a noise-reducing lexicographic utility model. This subset of participants smoked significantly more cigarettes per day. Our findings support a model in which addiction permits the smoker to suppress aversive stimuli and negative emotions that would otherwise interfere with short-term rational decision making.
Human Gene and Microbial Analyses Suggest Immunotherapy-like Mechanisms in Complete Response to Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Sulit A.K. , Wilson K. , Pearson J. , Silander O.K. , Michael M. , Ramsay R. , Heriot A. , Frizelle F. , Purcell R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe treatment of rectal cancer usually involves total mesorectal excision, with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) that is aimed at downstaging tumors before surgical procedure. CRT response varies, with some patients completely responding to CRT and negating the need for surgery, and some patients not responding to the treatment at all. Identifying biomarkers of response to CRT would be beneficial in identifying whether a treatment would confer benefits to a patient while allowing them to avoid unnecessary morbidities and mortalities. While previous studies have attempted to identify such biomarkers, none have reached clinical utility which may be due to heterogeneity of the cancer. In this paper, we explored potential human gene and microbial biomarkers, and their possible contributions to the mechanisms of complete response to chemoradiotherapy. We carried out RNA sequencing on pairs of tumor and normal tissue from patients pre-surgery and analysed host gene expression and microbiome content. We discovered that the majority of enriched human genes in tumors of complete responders involve immunoglobulins, and enriched gene sets include complement and B-cell activation, and host response against viruses. This indicates involvement of immune responses in complete response to CRT. Among the enriched gene sets is the term defense response to bacterium, indicating a role of the microbiome in response to CRT. We discovered bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae bacterium and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to be abundant in tumors of complete responders. Both microbes have a history of being beneficial in treatment of cancers with immunotherapy, further emphasizing the role of immune responses in beneficial response to CRT. These results identify potential genetic and microbial biomarkers to CRT in rectal cancer, as well as offer a potential mechanism of complete response to CRT that may benefit further testing in the laboratory.