bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizosphere bacterial communities of three minor grain crops exhibit distinct environmental adaptations and assembly processes
Authors: Tian Lixin , Zhang Feifei , Chen Pengliang , Zhang Panpan , Gao Zhijun , Dong Yang , Yan Feng , Yang Pu , Gao Xiaoli , Feng Baili 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeciphering responses of bacterial communities to environmental change, and understanding how communities assemble in response to environmental change, are important subjects. The assembly processes governing the rhizosphere bacterial communities of minor grain crops are rarely explored based on regional scales, especially in terms of the environmental adaptation. Here, we investigated the environmental thresholds and phylogenetic signals for ecological preferences of rhizosphere bacterial communities of three minor grain crop taxa across complex environmental gradients to reflect their environmental adaptation. Additionally, we reported environmental factors affecting their community assembly processes based on a large‐scale soil survey in agricultural fields across northern China using high‐throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated a narrower range of environmental thresholds and weaker phylogenetic signals for the ecological traits of rhizosphere bacteria in proso millet than in foxtail millet and sorghum fields. The proso millet rhizosphere community was the most phylogenetically clustered. Null model analysis indicated that homogeneous selection belonging to deterministic processes governed the sorghum rhizosphere community, whereas dispersal limitation belonging to stochastic processes was the critical assembly process in the foxtail millet and proso millet. Mean annual temperature was the decisive factor for adjusting the balance between stochasticity and determinism of the foxtail millet, proso millet and sorghum rhizosphere communities. A higher temperature resulted in stochasticity in the proso millet and sorghum communities. For the foxtail millet community, the deterministic assembly increased with an increase in temperature. These results contribute to the understanding of rhizosphere‐associated bacterial community assembly processes in agro‐ecosystems on a large scale.Highlights
Proso millet rhizosphere bacterial taxa exhibited weaker environmental adaptation than foxtail millet and sorghum taxa.
Determinism governed the sorghum rhizosphere community, whereas stochasticity was the critical assembly process in the foxtail and proso millet.
Mean annual temperature mediated balance between stochastic and deterministic processes.
Intraspecific variation reshapes coral assemblages under elevated temperature and acidity
Authors: McWilliam Mike , Madin Joshua S. , Chase Tory J. , Hoogenboom Mia O. , Bridge Tom C. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInsights into assemblages that can persist in extreme environments are still emerging. Ocean warming and acidification select against species with low physiological tolerance (trait‐based ‘filtering’). However, intraspecific trait variation can promote species adaptation and persistence, with potentially large effects on assemblage structure. By sampling nine coral traits (four morphological, four tissue and one skeletal) along an offshore–inshore gradient in temperature and pH, we show that distantly related coral species undergo consistent intraspecific changes as they cross into warm, acidic environments. Intraspecific variation and species turnover each favoured colonies with greater tissue biomass, higher symbiont densities and reduced skeletal investments, indicating strong filtering on colony physiology within and across species. Physiological tissue traits were highly variable within species and were independent of morphology, enabling morphologically diverse species to cross into sites of elevated temperature and acidity. Widespread intraspecific change can therefore counter the loss of biodiversity and morphological structure across a steep environmental gradient.
Learning takes time: Biotic resistance by native herbivores increases through the invasion process
Authors: Santamaría Jorge , Golo Raül , Verdura Jana , Tomas Fiona , Ballesteros Enric , Alcoverro Teresa , Arthur Rohan , Cebrian Emma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs invasive species spread, the ability of local communities to resist invasion depends on the strength of biotic interactions. Evolutionarily unused to the invader, native predators or herbivores may be initially wary of consuming newcomers, allowing them to proliferate. However, these relationships may be highly dynamic, and novel consumer–resource interactions could form as familiarity grows. Here, we explore the development of effective biotic resistance towards a highly invasive alga using multiple space‐for‐time approaches. We show that the principal native Mediterranean herbivore learns to consume the invader within less than a decade. At recently invaded sites, the herbivore actively avoided the alga, shifting to distinct preference and high consumptions at older sites. This rapid strengthening of the interaction contributed to the eventual collapse of the alga after an initial dominance. Therefore, our results stress the importance of conserving key native populations to allow communities to develop effective resistance mechanisms against invaders.
Diagnosis and treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: A position paper
Authors: Pozzilli Carlo , Pugliatti Maura , Vermersch Patrick , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Alkhawajah Mona , Airas Laura , Oreja‐Guevara Celia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease characterised by a highly variable disease onset and clinical course. Three main clinical phenotypes have been described. However, distinguishing between the two progressive forms of MS can be challenging for clinicians. This article examines how the diagnostic definitions of progressive MS impact clinical research, the design of clinical trials and, ultimately, treatment decisions.MethodsWe carried out an extensive review of the literature highlighting differences in the definition of progressive forms of MS, and the importance of assessing the extent of the ongoing inflammatory component in MS when making treatment decisions.ResultsInconsistent results in phase III clinical studies of treatments for progressive MS, may be attributable to differences in patient characteristics (e.g., age, clinical and radiological activity at baseline) and endpoint definitions. In both primary and secondary progressive MS, patients who are younger and have more active disease will derive the greatest benefit from the available treatments.ConclusionsWe recommend making treatment decisions based on the individual patient's pattern of disease progression, as well as functional, clinical and imaging parameters, rather than on their clinical phenotype. Because the definition of progressive MS differs across clinical studies, careful selection of eligibility criteria and study endpoints is needed for future studies in patients with progressive MS.
Gut microbiota analysis in pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis compared to pediatric monophasic demyelinating syndromes and pediatric controls
Authors: Bruijstens Arlette L. , Molenaar Sandy , Wong Yu Yi M. , Kraaij Robert , Neuteboom Rinze F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeGut microbiota dysbiosis may lead to proinflammatory conditions contributing to multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology. Pediatric‐onset MS patients are close to biological disease onset and less exposed to confounders. Therefore, this study investigated gut microbiota composition and functional pathways in pediatric‐onset MS, compared to monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (mADS) and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsPediatric participants were selected from the Dutch national prospective cohort study including ADS patients and HCs <18 years old. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generated from sequencing the V3/4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional MetaCyc microbial pathways were predicted based on Enzyme Commission numbers. Gut microbiota composition (alpha/beta diversity and individual microbe abundance at ASV to phylum level) and predicted functional pathways were tested using nonparametric tests, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and linear regression.ResultsTwenty‐six pediatric‐onset MS (24 with disease‐modifying therapy [DMT]), 25 mADS, and 24 HC subjects were included. Alpha/beta diversity, abundance of individual resident microbes, and microbial functional features were not different between these participant groups. Body mass index (BMI) showed significant differences, with obese children having a lower alpha diversity (Chao1 Index p = 0.015, Shannon/Simpson Diversity Index p = 0.014/p = 0.023), divergent beta diversity (R2 = 3.7%, p = 0.013), and higher abundance of numerous individual resident microbes and functional microbial pathways.ConclusionsPrevious results of gut microbiota composition and predicted functional features could not be validated in this Dutch pediatric‐onset MS cohort using a more sensitive 16S pipeline, although it was limited by sample size and DMT use. Notably, several other host‐related factors were found to associate with gut microbiota variation, especially BMI.
Effectiveness of pulpotomy compared with root canal treatment in managing non‐traumatic pulpitis associated with spontaneous pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tomson Phillip L. , Vilela Bastos Juliana , Jacimovic Jelena , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Pulikkotil Shaju Jacob , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulpitis characterized by spontaneous pain can result in debilitating pain. Dogma has existed to offer only have two treatment options, namely root canal treatment (RCT) or extraction, although pulpotomy has always remained a potential treatment modality.ObjectiveThis review aimed to answer the following research question: ‘Does pulpotomy (partial or full) (I) result in better patient and clinical reported outcomes (O), compared with RCT (C) in permanent teeth with pulpitis characterized by spontaneous pain (P) evaluated at various time intervals?’ (T).MethodsTwo authors independently performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. English language clinical trials comparing the patient and clinical reported outcomes between RCT and pulpotomy were included. The meta‐analysis was performed on a fixed‐effect model and the quality of evidence assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.ResultsTwo randomized clinical trials were included. Amongst two trials, one has published four reports at different time points involving the same cohorts. The meta‐analysis revealed no difference in postoperative pain (Day 7) between RCT and pulpotomy (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.63–1.55, I2 = 0%) and quality of evidence was graded as ‘High’. Clinical success was high at year 1, 98% for both interventions, however, decreased over time to 78.1% (pulpotomy) and 75.3% (RCT) at 5 years.DiscussionPulpotomy is a definitive treatment modality that is as effective as RCT. This could have a significant impact on treatment of such patients affording the advantages of retaining a vital pulp and preventing the need for RCT.ConclusionThis review could only include two trials, hence there is insufficient evidence to draw robust conclusions. The clinical data accumulated so far suggests no difference in pain between RCT and pulpotomy at Day 7 postoperatively and a single randomized control trial suggests that the clinical success rate for both treatment modalities is similar long term. There is a need for more well‐designed trials by different research groups to develop a stronger evidence base in this area.RegistrationPROSPERO database (CRD42021259744).
Effects of NaCl and sucrose on the structure and thermal properties of microcrystalline starch‐glycerol monostearate complex
Authors: Shi Miaomiao , Lou Xue , Ji Xiaolong , Yan Yizhe , Liu Yanqi 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe crystal structure and type, short‐range ordered structure, as well as thermal properties of microcrystalline starch‐glycerol monostearate complexes treated with different NaCl and sucrose concentrations, were investigated. The complexing index indicated that NaCl and sucrose are beneficial for the formation of starch complexes. Furthermore, starch complexes treated with NaCl and sucrose retained their V‐shaped crystal structures on the X‐ray diffraction patterns. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that there were no extra absorption peaks, whilst Raman spectroscopy exhibited a more short‐range ordered structure with increasing NaCl and sucrose concentrations. Similarly, differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated an increase in the ΔH values from 8.67 J g−1 to 16.46 J g−1 (NaCl) and 14.88 J g−1 (sucrose). The results indicated that NaCl and sucrose at low concentrations could modulate the physicochemical properties of the complex. Consequently, there are many articles on starch complex, but my research focuses on the effect of small molecules such as salt and sugar on starch complex, which is conducive to expanding the application of starch and bringing inspiration to other scholars.
Shaping ability of novel nickel‐titanium systems in printed primary molars
Authors: Gucyetmez Topal Burcu , Falakaloglu Seda , Silva Emmanuel , Gündoğar Mustafa , Iriboz Emre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundManual or mechanized instruments can be used for root canal preparation. Manual instrumentation using K‐files is widely used in primary teeth, but there are many limitations. Mechanized root canal preparation can lead to easy access to all canals, decrease instrumentation time, and result in more funnel‐shaped root canals, resulting in a more predictable uniform paste fill.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability and instrumentation time of VDW.ROTATE™ and EdgeTaper Platinum™ during the preparation of resin‐printed primary molars. Hand K‐files were used as a reference for comparison.DesignSixty‐six resin‐based maxillary second primary molars, obtained from extracted tooth cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image and printed on a three‐dimensional printer, were divided into three groups: VDW.ROTATE™, EdgeTaper Platinum™, and K‐files. The specimens were scanned using CBCT imaging before and after root canal preparation. Images were registered using a dedicated software, and changes (Δ) in the canal area, volume, and untouched canal surface were calculated. Instrumentation time was evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program.ResultsThere was no significant difference among the tested file systems for Δ canal volume and area (p > .05). VDW.ROTATE™, however, showed significantly lower untouched canal surface area than other systems in all roots (p < .001). The VDW.ROTATE™ was found to be significantly faster (6.47 ± 0.39 min) than EdgeTaper Platinum™ (7.71 ± 0.73 min) and K‐files (8.22 ± 0.72 min), (p < .05).ConclusionsThe shaping ability and the instrumentation time were directly influenced by the root canal instrumentation system used during the preparation of resin‐printed primary molars, with VDW.ROTATE™ being the faster system and associated with the lower amount of untouched canal surface area.
Landscape genetics outperforms habitat suitability in predicting landscape resistance for congeneric cat species
Authors: Sartor Caroline Charão , Wan Ho Yi , Pereira Javier A. , Eizirik Eduardo , Trigo Tatiane Campos , de Freitas Thales Renato O. , Cushman Samuel Alan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe use of landscape resistance maps to model connectivity has become an indispensable tool for species conservation. However, different methods can be used to estimate landscape resistance, but there is no consensus on which is the most reliable one. Therefore, comparing the performance of those methods in predicting resistance can be quite useful to understand their limitations and conservation implications. Our goal was to evaluate the accuracy of two commonly used approaches, habitat suitability modelling and landscape genetics, in estimating landscape resistance to genetic connectivity of two species of Neotropical cats (Leopardus guttulus and L. geoffroyi) across their ranges.LocationSouth America.TaxonFelidae—L. guttulus and L. geoffroyi.MethodsFor both species, we optimized a landscape genetics resistance surface using a restricted multivariate optimization approach and transformed a habitat suitability map into a resistance layer. We compared landscape resistance models created by these two approaches based on the models' Akaike information criterion scores and evaluated the similarities and differences in their predictions by calculating the correlation between the resistance layers and generating difference maps.ResultsThe genetic approach greatly outperformed the habitat suitability approach in explaining movement driving gene flow for both species. For the studied species, habitat preference and genetic connectivity are influenced by different landscape features. Habitat alteration imposes great resistance for genetic connectivity, and the presence of natural vegetation remnants within altered environments is essential for their conservation.Main conclusionsFor the studied species, the transformation of habitat suitability models into resistance surfaces is a poor proxy for permeability to dispersal, and the use of genetic data is more reliable in modelling connectivity for species conservation. Habitat suitability and landscape resistance are not equivalent or even proportional for these species.
Targeting VEGF with bevacizumab inhibits malignant effusion formation of primary human herpesvirus 8‐unrelated effusion large B‐cell lymphoma in vivo
Authors: Ogasawara Fumiya , Higuchi Tomonori , Nishimori Tomohiro , Hashida Yumiko , Kojima Kensuke , Daibata Masanori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrimary human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)‐unrelated effusion large B‐cell lymphoma (ELBCL) is recognized as a new clinical entity, but its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies remain largely unknown. We have generated two mouse models with profuse lymphomatous effusions that resemble HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL occurring in humans, by grafting the cell lines designated as Pell‐1 and Pell‐2. Using these in vivo models, we evaluated the potential role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL. Both Pell‐1 and Pell‐2 cells consistently produced very high levels of VEGF in mice, in contrast to in vitro findings of relatively low VEGF production in culture medium by HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL cells, especially Pell‐1 cells. Conversely, returning Pell‐1 cells grown in mice to culture medium markedly suppressed VEGF production to the original in vitro level. These findings suggest that the tumour microenvironment plays a role in the steady production of VEGF. We also found that the interaction between HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells increased the production of VEGF in vitro. Finally, we found that bevacizumab significantly suppressed effusion formation and lymphoma cell growth in both mouse models. These results suggest that bevacizumab is a rational approach to the treatment of HHV8‐unrelated ELBCL.
Social media posts suggest that coconut rhinoceros beetle has established in the Western hemisphere
Authors: Jackson Trevor A. , Rincón Miguel N. , Villamizar Laura F. , Paudel Sulav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB: Oryctes rhinoceros L.) is one of the most damaging pests of coconut and oil palms in the Asia/Pacific region but has not been reported from the Western Hemisphere. Here, we report a possible establishment of CRB in Nayarit, Mexico, based on an analysis of social media reports and photographs indicating the presence of the beetle and the distinctive v‐shaped notches in palm fronds caused by the beetle feeding. CRB populations are destructive once established, therefore, urgent actions are required to contain the pest and prevent damage to coconut and oil palm in the Americas.
Global trends, biases and gaps in the scientific literature about freshwater fish eggs and larvae
Authors: Carnicer Cleide , Lima Luciano B. , Pelicice Fernando Mayer , Lima‐Junior Dilermando Pereira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSyntheses of knowledge are important to reveal trends, biases and gaps in the scientific literature, indicating main data shortfalls and research needs. In this regard, the authors conducted a broad systematic review on the literature about freshwater fish eggs and larvae to investigate (a) temporal trends in the global scientific production, (b) the scope and habitat types, (c) the spatial distribution of studies, (d) the fish species contemplated and their respective conservation status and (e) the factors associated with the spatial distribution of studies. They analysed 654 studies published between 1950 and 2020. The number of studies has increased over time, but with a weak trend. Most studies investigated basic questions about biology and ecology and were carried out chiefly in rivers and lakes. These studies covered 95 freshwater ecoregions (22.3% of all ecoregions) and recorded 871 fish species (4.8% of all freshwater fish currently described). Most species were assessed by the IUCN and classified into six threat categories, but approximately 35% were not evaluated. The main drivers affecting the spatial distribution of studies were ecoregion area, road density, river volume and the number of hydroelectric plants. Results point to significant biases and gaps in the global scientific literature on fish eggs and larvae, especially associated with habitat type, spatial distribution and target species, emphasizing the need to address specific topics. Such biases and gaps indicate the existence of important data shortfalls, which compromise management and conservation planning, as information on fish eggs and larvae is basic and critical for the assessment of fish recruitment and population dynamics.
Development of a droplet digital PCR method for the sensitive detection and quantification of largemouth bass ranavirus
Authors: Jiang Nan , Shen Jinyu , Zhou Yong , Liu Wenzhi , Meng Yan , Li Yiqun , Xue Mingyang , Xu Chen , Fan Yuding 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLargemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV), also known as largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is a high mortality pathogen in largemouth bass. A rapid, sensitive, specific and convenient diagnosis method is an urgent requirement for the prevention of virus transmission. In the present study, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method based on the major capsid protein (mcp) gene was established to detect and quantify the virus genome copy number. Oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the LMBRaV mcp gene sequence. The specificity and sensitivity of ddPCR assay were analysed. The other aquatic virus including Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV), Cyprinid herpesvirus II (CyHV‐2) and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus could not be detected by LMBRaV ddPCR assay. The detection limit of ddPCR assay was 2 ± 0.37 copies/μl DNA sample. And this ddPCR assay had great repeatability and reproducibility. In clinical diagnosis of 50 largemouth bass, 43 positive samples were detected by ddPCR, whereas only 34 positive samples were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR). This LMBRaV detection assay provided a specific and sensitive method for the rapid diagnosis of LMBRaV infection in largemouth bass as well as quantification of the virus load.