bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unintentional cannabis exposures in children pre- and post-legalization: A retrospective review from a Canadian paediatric hospital
Authors: Coret Alon , Rowan-Legg Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesCanada legalized recreational cannabis in October 2018. Cannabis is increasingly available in numerous forms—especially edibles—that make children vulnerable to unintentional intoxication. We sought to: determine the frequency of visits due to cannabis intoxication pre- and post-legalization; characterize the clinical features and circumstances of cannabis intoxication in the paediatric population; and create greater awareness among healthcare providers about this issue.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of Emergency Department visits at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Ottawa, ON) between March 2013 and September 2020. Inclusion criteria were: age &lt;18 years; unintentional cannabis ingestion, identified by ICD-10 codes T40.7 and X42. We assessed basic demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, exposure details, investigations, and patient disposition.ResultsA total of 37 patients (22 male) met inclusion criteria, mean age 5.9±3.8 years. Most visits (32; 86%) occurred in the 2-year period after legalization. Altered levels of consciousness, lethargy/somnolence, tachycardia, and vomiting were the most common presenting signs and symptoms. The majority of exposures were to edibles (28; 76%) in the home setting (30; 81%). Poison control and child protective services were involved in 19 (51%) and 22 (59%) of cases, respectively. Twelve patients (32%) required admission to the hospital, the majority of whom stayed &lt;24 h.ConclusionsOur data confirm increased paediatric hospital visits related to unintentional cannabis exposures post-legalization. Consideration of this clinical presentation is critical for acute care providers. Advocacy for safe storage strategies and appropriate enforcement of marketing/packaging legislation are imperative for public health policymakers.
Mind the target: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Saúde-Conde Rita , Rasschaert Gertjan , Bregni Giacomo , Hendlisz Alain , Sclafani Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
In this article, we briefly summarise the current knowledge about human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide an overview of the latest published evidence especially regarding standardisation of detection methods/diagnostic criteria, prognostication, prediction and targeted treatments.

Recent findings
Over the last 18 months, the results of many studies have been presented confirming the therapeutic potential of established anti-HER2 agents either as a monotherapy or in combination, as well as new anti-HER2 agents like antibody-drug-conjugates and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Also, we have seen confirmation of the utility of liquid biopsy and ctDNA analyses as tool for HER2 detection and patient selection.

Summary
Despite concerning only 5% of metastatic CRC, HER2 represents a valuable target for emerging anti-HER2 therapies that might significantly improve the outcome of these patients. Standardising HER2 detection methods/diagnostic criteria, and producing high-quality, randomised evidence are the next challenges to meet the standards of regulatory authorities and ultimately have anti-HER2 agents available for use in routine practice.
Psycho-oncology interventions focusing on fatigue and sleep disturbances
Authors: Grégoire Charlotte , Faymonville Marie-Elisabeth , Jerusalem Guy , Gosseries Olivia , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of the review
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and sleep disturbances are common symptoms among patients with cancer. They are often conceptualized as a part of a larger symptom cluster, also comprising pain and emotional distress. Despite their prevalence and long-lasting effects, CRF and sleep disturbances are still poorly addressed in clinical settings. Specific interventions are needed to manage these symptoms.

Recent findings
In addition to conventional pharmacological therapies, other kinds of interventions are increasingly being developed in oncology. This review will discuss three categories of interventions for patients with cancer and their interest in alleviating CRF and sleep disturbances: physical exercises (e.g., aerobic, resistance training, running, free weights), psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioural therapy, psychoeducational interventions), and mind-body interventions (e.g., yoga, mindfulness, hypnosis). The multicomponent aspect of these interventions seems particularly important to address these symptoms.

Summary
The findings detailed in this review will allow the scientific community, as well as health professionals working in oncology settings, to be informed about new nonpharmacological therapeutic options to help patients to manage their symptoms. It could eventually help to improve existing interventions for these patients.
A Low-cost, Sterile System for Fat Collection Using a Syringe Tube as a Reservoir
Authors: Alshawaf Solaiman M. , Burhamah Waleed , AlYouha Sarah , Alwazzan Sabika , Gerges Yousef 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Fat grafting is a widely performed procedure in the field of plastic surgery. It involves fat extraction, processing, and injection into a recipient site. It is imperative that the fat is collected and processed in a sterile system. A wide variety of equipment is required to perform the procedure (eg, a liposuction device, a vacuum pump, and syringes). Limitations often arise in the operating room, especially in low-resource areas, where task-specific equipment might be unavailable. This can present an opportunity for the surgeon to improvise and create a temporary solution. In this report, we describe our solution in dealing with the unavailability of a sterile vacuum pump canister during a large volume fat grafting procedure. We constructed a sterile reservoir using two syringes, through which negative pressure was delivered without breaking sterility. The items used were a 60-cm3 syringe barrel, a 10-cm3 syringe barrel, a 60-cm3 syringe plunger seal, a tube connected to the nonsterile vacuum pump, and the liposuction cannula. This technique allowed us to extract the fat in a sterile environment under the assistance of a suction device. Our novel technique was used for harvesting fat in a sterile reservoir, while still utilizing the assisted suction from the nonsterile vacuum pump, without breaking sterility.
Blood pressure and kidney outcomes in patients with severely decreased glomerular filtration rate: a nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Al-Sodany Ehab , Chesnaye Nicholas C. , Heimbürger Olof , Jager Kitty J. , Bárány Peter , Evans Marie 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) and kidney outcomes in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and different degrees of albuminuria.

Methods:
National observational cohort study of 18 071 chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4–5 patients in routine nephrology care 2010–2017. The association between both baseline and repeated clinic office BP and eGFR slope and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) was explored using multivariable adjusted joint models. The analyses were stratified on albuminuria at baseline.

Results:
The adjusted yearly eGFR slope became increasingly steeper from −0,91 (95% CI −0.83 to −1.05) ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year in those with SBP less than 120 mmHg at baseline to −2.09 (−1.83 to −2.37) ml/min per 1.73 m2 in those with BP greater than 160 mmHg. Similarly, eGFR slope was steeper with higher DBP. Lower SBP and DBP was associated with slower eGFR decline in patients with albuminuria grade A3 (>30 mg/mmol) but not consistently in albuminuria A1–A2. Those with diabetes progressed faster and the association between BP and eGFR slope was stronger. In repeated BP measurement analyses, every 10 mmHg higher SBP over time was associated with 39% additional risk of KRT.

Conclusion:
In people with eGFR less than 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, lower clinic office BP is associated with more favorable kidney outcomes. Our results support lower BP targets also in people with CKD stage 4–5.
Impact of a Digital Diabetes Prevention Program on Estimated 8-Year Risk of Diabetes in a Workforce Population
Authors: Birse Charles E. , McPhaul Michael J. , Arellano Andre R. , Fragala Maren S. , Lagier Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
We asked whether the estimated 8-year risk of diabetes could be reduced within the first 2 years of a digital Diabetes Prevention Program (dDPP) in a workforce population.

Methods
Employees and spouses were eligible if they had prediabetes-range fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Diabetes risk was assessed using the Framingham diabetes risk score in the year before and the 2 years after dDPP initiation.

Results
Among participants completing at least nine dDPP lessons (n = 286), diabetes risk decreased 5.3% the year after dDPP initiation, after a 5.4% increase the year before initiation (difference in differences, −10.6%; 95% confidence interval, −13.4% to −7.9%; P < 0.001), with risk maintained at reduced levels after the second year of the program.

Conclusion
This dDPP reduced the estimated 8-year risk of diabetes over the first 2 years of the program.
Examination of the Contributing Factors to Fatalities in Electrical Trades Due to Contact With Electricity
Authors: Rodriguez-Franco Oscar , Zreiqat Majed , Wachter Jan K. , Janicak Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine contributing factors to fatalities in electrical occupations due to contact with electricity.

Methods
Proportionate mortality ratios were calculated along with the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test of significance using Occupational Safety and Health Administration data. Cross-tabulation analyses were examined by the Pearson chi-square test of independence.

Results
Electricians and electrical power installers/repairers experienced significantly higher proportions of fatalities due to contact with electric current of machine, tool, or light fixture and contact with overhead power lines, respectively. Factors such as accident date, location, union status, project type, cost, electrical event, human factor, part of body, source of injury, and fatality cause, exhibited significant associations with electrical trade fatalities.

Conclusions
Fatalities in electrical occupations are attributable to increased exposures to electrical hazards during regular work activities. Strict adherence to safe work practices and procedures is critical to electrical fatality prevention.
The Variable Response to Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: A Single Country Real-Life Experience
Authors: Guz-Mark Anat , Hino Bayan , Berkowitz Drora , Hartman Corina , Millman Peri N. , Orlanski-Meyer Esther , Shaoul Ron , Spector-Cohen Inna , Weiss Batia , Zangen Tsili , Shamir Raanan 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
The glucagon-like peptide-2 analog Teduglutide has been shown to enhance intestinal absorption and decrease parenteral nutrition (PN) requirements in short bowel syndrome (SBS). As data in children is limited, we evaluated nationwide real-life experience and treatment outcome in children with SBS.

Methods:
Longitudinal data of children treated with Teduglutide for ≥3 months was collected. Data included demographic and medical background, anthropometrics, laboratory assessments and PN requirements. Treatment response was defined as >20% reduction in PN requirement.

Results:
The study included 13 patients [54% males, median (interquartile range {IQR}) age of 6 (4.7–7) years]. The most common SBS etiology was necrotizing enterocolitis (38%), and median (IQR) small bowel length was 20 (15–40) cm. Teduglutide treatment ranged between 3 and 51 months [median (IQR) of 18 (12–30) months], with 10 patients (77%) treated >1 year. Response to treatment was observed in 8 patients (62%), with a mean [±standard deviation (SD)] treatment duration of 5.9 (±3.2) months. Among responders, 2 patients were weaned off PN and additional 4 decreased PN needs by >40%. There was a median (IQR) reduction in PN volume/kg of 36% (15%–55%) and in PN energy/kg of 27% (6%–58%). Response was not associated with patients’ background, and no correlation was found with bowel length or PN dependency at baseline.

Conclusions:
Real-life response to Teduglutide is highly variable among children with SBS. While most patients did reach 20% reduction in PN, less achieved further significant reduction or enteral autonomy. No predictive factors of response to treatment were identified, and large multicenter studies are needed to elucidate predictive factors and long-term outcome.
Associations between HIV viremia during antiretroviral therapy and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Elvstam Olof , Marrone Gaetano , Engström Gunnar , Nilsson Peter M. , Carlander Christina , Treutiger Carl Johan , Gisslén Magnus , Björkman Per 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To investigate the association between HIV viremia exposure during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Design:
Nationwide observational cohort.

Methods:
Participants (age >15 years) from the Swedish nationwide InfCareHIV register initiating ART 1996–2017 were categorized in a time-updated manner into four viremia categories, starting from 12 months after ART initiation: suppression (<50 copies/ml), low-level viremia (50–199 copies/ml and 200–999 copies/ml, respectively), and high-level viremia (≥1000 copies/ml). In addition, cumulative viremia was estimated as the area under the log viral load (VL) curve. Proportional subhazard models adjusted for sex, age, pre-ART CD4 and VL, injection drug use, and country of birth were used to analyze the association between viremia exposure and CVD risk (ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure; data obtained by linkage to national registers), accounting for the competing risk of non-CVD death.

Results:
In all, 337 cases of CVD were observed during 44 937 person-years of follow-up (n = 6562). Higher viremia exposure was associated with CVD, both when parameterized as cumulative viremia (adjusted subhazard ratio [aSHR] per 1 log10 copy × year/ml, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.05) and as viremia category (aSHR for high-level viremia versus suppression, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03–2.05). We observed no association between CVD and low-level viremia compared with those with suppression.

Conclusions:
Higher exposure to HIV viremia was linked to CVD in ART recipients, whereas no increased risk was detected for people with low-level viremia compared with viral suppression. Causal inference is limited by the observational nature of this study.
Industrial mining and HIV risk: evidence from 39 mine openings across 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dietler Dominik , Farnham Andrea , Lyatuu Isaac , Fink Günther , Winkler Mirko S. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of natural resource extraction projects on HIV transmission risks in local communities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Design:
Difference-in-differences design using repeated cross-sectional data from around newly opened mines.

Methods:
We combined data on mine openings with HIV data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Using logistic regression models, we compared HIV-related indicators between mining (i.e. up to 10 km distance from the mine) and comparison (i.e. 10–50 km) areas before and after mine opening to identify their impact on HIV prevalence, sexual behavior and HIV knowledge.

Results:
A total of 33 086 individuals across 39 mine openings were analyzed. Adjusting for baseline differences and temporal trends in the study regions, mine opening increased the odds of HIV infection almost two-fold [odds ratio (OR): 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–3.14]. Strongest effects were seen in high-prevalence countries and in the 20–29 years age group. In mining communities around operational mines, there was a tendency towards lower HIV knowledge (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.63–1.04). New mine openings increased the odds of risky sexual behaviors, such as having multiple sex partners (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.02–2.55), high-risk sexual partners (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03–2.05) and unprotected sex with high-risk partners (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.18–2.67).

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that in our sample of households surrounding industrial mines, HIV infection risks substantially increase upon mine opening. Existing strategies for addressing mining-related risks for HIV transmission seem to be insufficient. Further efforts for mitigating and monitoring impacts of mines are needed.
Analysis of Patients With Blowout Fracture Caused by Baseball Trauma
Authors: Hong Suji , Choi Kwang-Eon , Kim Joohyun , Lee Hyunkyu , Lee Hwa , Baek Sehyun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of blowout fractures caused by baseball trauma. The authors reviewed 337 cases of blowout fracture surgeries and included 330 eyes of 330 patients who underwent blowout fracture reconstruction between January 2017 and December 2020, in the Department of Ophthalmology at Korea university Hospital.
Medical records including patient demography, trauma etiology, accompanied ocular disease, and preoperative computed tomography images were evaluated. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: a group with blowout fracture caused by baseball trauma and another group with trauma due to other causes. Two-wall blowout fracture (orbital floor fracture and medial wall fracture) was most common (63.16%) in the baseball group, followed by medial wall fracture (21.05%). In contrast, orbital floor fracture accounted for the largest proportion (42.11%) among other causes, and 2-wall blowout fracture accounted for the second largest proportion (31.83%). The most common accompanied ocular disease was traumatic hyphema and traumatic iridocyclitis (36.84%) in the baseball blowout fracture group. in contrast, subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most common ocular disease in the other-causes group (16.08%). The frequency of traumatic hyphema and irido-cyclitis was significantly different among the 2 groups (P
< 0.05). Distribution of blowout fracture sites and frequent ocular disease differed between baseball blowout fracture patients and other-cause blowout fracture patients.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19 in Arkansas: March-December 2020
Authors: Sanders Sara C. , Taylor Maxwell D. , Filipek Jacob , Williford Dustin , Nguyen Cindy , Fisher Charalene R. , Scheffler Stephanie M. , Smith Emily S. , Martin Phoebe , Latch Rebecca L. , Snowden Jessica , Wu Chang L. , Cantu Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic reached the United States in early 2020 and spread rapidly across the country. This retrospective study describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of 308 children presenting to an Arkansas Children’s emergency department or admitted to an Arkansas Children’s hospital with COVID-19 in the first ten months of the COVID-19 pandemic, prior to the emergence of clinically significant variants and available vaccinations. Adolescents aged 13 and older represented the largest proportion of this population. The most common presenting symptoms were fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, and upper respiratory symptoms. Patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) had a longer length of stay than patients with acute COVID-19. Children from urban zip codes had lower odds of admission but were more likely to be readmitted after discharge. Nearly twenty percent of the study population incidentally tested positive for COVID-19. Despite lower mortality in children with COVID than in adults, morbidity and resource utilization are significant. With many Arkansas children living in rural areas and therefore far from pediatric hospitals, community hospitals should be prepared to evaluate children presenting with COVID-19 and to determine which children warrant transport to pediatric-specific facilities.
Yin-Yang 1, a player regulated systematic inflammatory involved in cognitive impairment of depression
Authors: Lu Jing , Jin Kangyu , Jiao Jianping , Liu Ripeng , Mou Tingting , Chen Bing , Zhang Zhihan , Jiang Chaonan , Zhao Haoyang , Wang Zheng , Zhou Rui , Huang Manli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA growing number of clinical and preclinical studies suggest that alterations in peripheral and brain immunal system and followed inflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of depression, also leading to the changes in local glucose metabolism in the brain. Here, we identified Yin-yang 1 (YY1), a transcription factor that has been reported to be closely associated with central and peripheral inflammation. The levels of YY1 and IL-1β were significantly increased in blood samples from depressed individuals, and significantly decreased after treatment with Vortioxetine. Meanwhile, it was found that the level of YY1 in plasma was negatively correlated with visual learning reasoning and problem solving in MDD patients, and positively correlated with the level of IL-1β in plasma. CUMS animals showed depressive-like behavior. Compared with the control group, MicroPET analysis showed that the decrease of glucose metabolism in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, striatum and mPFC was reversed after treatment. After treatment, these changes were reversed. In conclusion, Our study suggested that YY1-NF-κB - IL-1β inflammatory pathway may play an essential part on both mood changes and cognitive impairment in depression, and may be associated with changes in glucose metabolism in the emotion regulation and cognition related brain regions. These findings provide new evidence for the inflammatory mechanisms of depression.
Genomic epidemiology of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants during first two years of the pandemic in Colombia
Authors: Jimenez-Silva Cinthy , Rivero Ricardo , Douglas Jordan , Bouckaert Remco , Villabona-Arenas Julian , Atkins Katherine , Gastelbondo Bertha , Calderon Alfonso , Guzman Camilo , Echeverri-De la Hoz Daniel , Muñoz Marina , Ballesteros Nathalia , Castañeda Sergio , Patiño Luz H. , Ramirez Angie , Luna Nicolas , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Serrano-Coll Hector , Ramirez Juan David , Mattar Salim , Drummond Alexei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to surges in cases and the need for global genomic surveillance. While some variants rapidly spread worldwide, other variants only persist nationally. There is a need for more fine-scale analysis to understand transmission dynamics at a country scale. For instance, the Mu variant of interest, also known as lineage B.1.621, was first detected in Colombia and was responsible for a large local wave but only a few sporadic cases elsewhere. To provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of SARS-Cov-2 variants in Colombia, we used 14,049 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the 32 states of Colombia, and performed Bayesian phylodynamic analyses to estimate the time of variants introduction, their respective effective reproductive number, and effective population size, and the impact of disease control measures. We detected a total of 188 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages circulating in Colombia since the start of the pandemic. We showed that the effective reproduction number oscillated drastically throughout the first two years of the pandemic, with Mu showing the highest transmissibility (Re and growth rate estimation). Our results reinforce that genomic surveillance programs are essential for countries to make evidence-driven interventions towards the emergence and circulation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.