bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the consistency of propagation between light and heavy cosmic ray nuclei *
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Juan , Long Wei-Cheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges in cosmic ray physics is to explain the nature of cosmic ray acceleration and propagation mechanisms. Owing to the precise cosmic ray data measured by recent space experiments, we can investigate cosmic ray acceleration and propagation models more comprehensively and reliably. In this paper, we combine the secondary-to-primary ratios and primary spectra measured by PAMELA, AMS02, ACE-CRIS, and Voyager-1 to constrain the cosmic ray source and transport parameters. The study shows that the

data yield a medium-energy diffusion slope

and a high-energy slope

. The

species place a looser constraint on

but a tighter constraint on

. The overlaps imply that heavy and light particles can provide compatible results at medium to high energies. Moreover, both the light and heavy nuclei indicate a consistent diffusion slope variation

at

GV. At low energies, significant disagreements exist between heavy and light elements. The boron-to-carbon ratio requires a much larger diffusion slope shift

at approximately 4 GV or a stronger Alfvén velocity

than the low-mass data. This indicates that the heavy and light particles may suffer different low-energy transport behaviors in the galaxy. However, a better understanding of the consistency/inconsistency between the heavy and light cosmic rays relies on more precise cross-sections, better constraints on correlations in systematic errors of data, a more accurate estimation of the galaxy halo size, and a more robust description of solar modulation during the reversal period of the heliospheric magnetic field.
Diagnostic Functions of Solar Coronal Magnetic Fields from Radio Observations
Authors: Tan Baolin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In solar physics, it is a big challenge to measure the magnetic fields directly from observations in the upper solar atmosphere, including the chromosphere and corona. Radio observations are regarded as the most feasible approach to diagnose the magnetic field in solar chromosphere and corona. However, because of the complexity and diversity of the emission mechanisms, the previous studies have only presented the implicit diagnostic functions of the magnetic field for specific mechanism from solar radio observations. This work collected and sorted out all methods for diagnosing coronal magnetic field from solar radio observations, which are expressed as a set of explicit diagnostic functions. In particular, this work supplemented some important diagnostic methods missed in other reviews. This set of diagnostic functions can completely cover all regions of the solar chromosphere and corona, including the quiet region, active region and flaring source regions. At the same time, it also includes incoherent radiation such as bremsstrahlung emission of thermal plasma above the quiet region, cyclotron and gyro-synchrotron emissions of magnetized hot plasma and mildly relativistic nonthermal electrons above the active regions, as well as coherently plasma emission around flaring source regions. Using this set of diagnostic functions and the related broadband spectral solar radio imaging observations, we can derive the magnetic fields of almost all regions in the solar atmosphere, which may help us to make full use of the spectral imaging observations of the new generation solar radio telescopes (such as MUSER, EVOSA and the future FASR, etc.) to study the solar activities, and provide a reliable basis for the prediction of disastrous space weather events.
Two New r-process-enhanced Stars with [Fe/H] > −0.6 dex from the LAMOST-MRS Survey
Authors: Xie Xiao-Jin , Shi Jian-Rong , Chen Tian-Lu , Yan Hong-Liang , Chen Tian-Yi , Pan Kai-Ke , Li Chun-Qian , Liu Shuai , Gao Qi , Yan Tai-Sheng , Ding Ming-Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report the discovery of two r-process-enhanced stars with [Fe/H] > −0.6 dex selected from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey. Three candidate stars have been selected from the LAMOST medium-resolution (R ∼ 7500) spectroscopic survey, and the followed-up high signal-to-noise ratio and high-resolution (R ∼ 31,500) spectra are obtained with the ARC Echelle Spectrograph mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory, which allow us for the determination of stellar atmospheric parameters and abundances of 20 elements. Among these three r-process-enhanced candidate stars, TYC 1710-933-1 and TYC 2858-372-1 have [Eu/Fe] higher than 0.3 dex and [Ba/Eu] lower than 0.0 dex, thus, can be identified as new r-process-enhanced objects. TYC 2858-372-1 shows similar r+s-process pattern to the Sun. TYC 1710-933-1 presents enhancement of the r-process elements of Nd and Eu. Our work indicates that the enrichment mechanisms of the heavy neutron-capture elements are complicated for metal-rich stars.
Argon pumpout by ICRF waves in C-Mod L- and I-mode plasmas
Authors: Rice J.E. , Lin Y. , Perks C.J. , Reinke M.L. , Marmar E.S. , Cao N. , Gao C. , Sciortino F. , Wukitch S.J. , Wright J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pumpout of argon ions by ICRF waves has been observed in C-Mod deuterium L- and I-mode plasmas that had a substantial hydrogen fraction. The effect is manifested by a reduction of core argon x-ray brightness up to a factor of 90% on time scales of tens of milliseconds following injection of ICRF power. For Ar16+, the pumpout is strongest for hydrogen minority concentrations between 0.25 and 0.4, when the ICRF waves are not expected to result in minority heating. Modeling with the TORIC code suggests that the pumpout process occurs when the H/D mode conversion layer overlaps with the 2nd harmonic impurity resonance layer. The magnitude of the argon pumpout is independent of ICRF power above an apparent threshold of ∼500 kW, independent of electron density and appears to decrease as the plasma current is increased. Potential application as a heavy impurity control tool in reactors is discussed.
The hydrodynamic theory of dynamical correlation functions in the XX chain
Authors: Del Vecchio Del Vecchio Giuseppe , Doyon Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
By the hydrodynamic linear response theory, dynamical correlation functions decay as power laws along certain velocities, determined by the flux Jacobian. Such correlations are obtained by hydrodynamic projections, and physically, they are due to propagating ‘sound waves’ or generalisation thereof, transporting conserved quantities between the observables. However, some observables do not emit sound waves, such as order parameters associated to symmetry breaking. In these cases correlation functions decay exponentially everywhere, a behaviour not captured by the hydrodynamic linear response theory. Focussing on spin–spin correlation functions in the XX quantum chain, we first review how hydrodynamic linear response works, emphasising that the necessary fluid cell averaging washes out oscillatory effects. We then show how, beyond linear response, Euler hydrodynamics can still predict the exponential decay of correlation functions of order parameters. This is done by accounting for the large-scale fluctuations of domain walls, via the recently developed ballistic fluctuation theory. We use the framework of generalised hydrodynamics, which is particularly simple in this model due to its free fermion description. In particular, this reproduces, by elementary calculations, the exponential decay in the celebrated formulae by Its et al (1993) and by Jie (1998), which were originally obtained by intricate Fredholm determinant analysis; and gives a new formula in a parameter domain where no result was obtained before. We confirm the results by numerical simulations.
Modified Poisson–Boltzmann equations and macroscopic forces in inhomogeneous ionic fluids
Authors: Budkov Yury A , Kolesnikov Andrei L 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a field-theoretical approach based on the thermodynamic perturbation theory and within it derive a grand thermodynamic potential of the inhomogeneous ionic fluid as a functional of electrostatic potential for an arbitrary reference fluid system. We obtain a modified Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) equation as the Euler–Lagrange equation for the obtained functional. Applying Noether’s theorem to this functional, we derive a general mean-field expression for the stress tensor consistent with the respective modified PB equation. We derive a general expression for the macroscopic force acting on the dielectric or conductive body immersed in an ionic fluid. In particular, we derive a general mean-field expression for the disjoining pressure of an ionic fluid in a slit pore. We apply the developed formalism to describe three ionic fluid models of practical importance: nonpolarizable models (including the well-known PB and Poisson–Fermi equations), polarizable models (ions carry nonzero permanent dipole or static polarizability), and models of ion-dipole mixtures (including the well-known PB–Langevin equation). For these models, we obtain modified PB equations and respective stress tensors, which could be valuable for different applications, where it is necessary to estimate the macroscopic forces acting on the dielectric or conductive bodies (electrodes, colloids, membranes, etc) together with the local electrostatic potential (field) and ionic concentrations.
Classication of all single travelling wave solutions to DSW equations
Authors: Zheng Cheng-Gong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the traditional DSW conditions was presented. The nonlinear incomplete differential conditions were converted into common differential conditions through travelling wave transformation, and all the definite voyaging wave arrangements for the traditional DSW conditions can characterized by use a complete separation framework for polynomials. The specific voyaging wave arrangements existed as periodic solutions of geometrical functions and sane numbers, lone wave arrangements, doubly occasional arrangements of elliptic functions.
A multi-level representation learning method for the classification with emerging new classes on power event monitoring data
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Liu Yi , Meng Fan , Xiang Shuai , Zhou Hang , Chen Guang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For the classification problem of power event monitoring data, manual rules are mainly used to recognize the known classes of events, and new classes of events cannot be extracted by using existing manual rules. But new classes may emerge with the upgrading of power equipment and traditional representation of this time series data is not proper for the task. To solve this issue, we introduce an effective approach that includes three parts: i) embed the raw object of power event in semantic space ii) learn the representation of power event with multi-level. iii) detect new classes, classify old classes, and update models to classify both new classes and old classes. Experiments on real power event monitoring dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
An improved smoothing factor-extended kalman filtering method for accurate online state-of-charge estimation of Lithium-ion battery
Authors: Zhang Yixing , Wang Shunli , Xu Wenhua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The state of charge of battery is an important index of battery management system. The Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various industries, so they are full of uncertainty, which makes them difficult to estimate the state of charge of Lithium-ion batteries. To solve the problem of low accuracy and large variability in real-time estimation of Lithium-ion batteries, taking Lithium-ion batteries as the research object, the Thevenin model is used to simulate the working characteristics. On the basis of the extended Kalman filtering algorithm, through the influence of the covariance matrix and noise, a smoothing factor is introduced to increase the Kalman gain and improve flexibility. Experiments have proved that the smoothing factor-extended Kalman algorithm improves the flexibility of the algorithm, and at the same time reduces the non-linear error caused by the rapid charging and discharging changes of Lithium-ion batteries. In the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization test, the maximum estimation error is 0.14%, and the average estimation error is 0.1%. It provides a new method for estimating the state of charge of Lithium-ion batteries.
Precise model of LC active power filter and feedback linearization control
Authors: Ou Zuoyuan , Wang Yingpin , Su Chang , Qu Yi , Peng Hongyan , Hao Xuguang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The problems of regulating power quality are more prevalent. In general, Active power filter(APF) is one of the best solution. But the influence of load impedance and grid impedance were widely ignored by a great number of papers, supposed the load voltage is constant and modeling in APF singly, which can’t describe the system accurately. Firstly,there are build an accurate model, including LC APF, load and grid impedance. Secondly, applying feedback linearization and proportional resonant differentiation (FL-PRD) control in inner current loop. Then analyze the influence of load and grid impedance. Once more,checked the accuracy of builded accurate model by Simulink and experiment. Eventually, compare mentioned algorithm in the paper with classical proportional resonant (PR) controller. The results show that it is rather important to set up an accurate model and the proposed algorithm gets a perfect capacity.
Model reference adaptive control for the inclined channel stablization loop of missile
Authors: Lu Juanzhi , Liu Lin , Dong Shimeng , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper, A model reference adaptive control method based Lyapunov stability theory is proposed, because it is difficult for the control of inclined channel of missile, due to large disturbance and the dramatic change of missile parameter during the flight. The core strategy is that the real system can be adjusted automatically and in real time to be consistent with the reference model as far as possible, when the output of the real system is different from that of the reference model, so that the real system can run in the best state, this control method can well adapt to the changes of control parameters and external environment. The rationality and validity of the method has been verified by mathematical simulation.
New textile material—spider silk fiber
Authors: Wu Xunxin , Chen Lu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Environmental protection and sustainable development are two important topics that draw great concern to the world since various synthetic polymer textile materials have caused environmental pollution to the earth, thus, we need to find new and environmentally friendly materials. Spider silk belongs to polymer material that enjoys favorable reproducibility. Besides, its physical and chemical properties are superior to silk fibers, other natural fibers and most synthetic fibers. Its surface is smooth and soft, lustrous and sheen, it also possesses the characteristics of low temperature resistance, strong tenacity, high intensity, high elasticity, high density and fracture resistance which can be applied to body armors, medical sutures, costumes, etc. As a new kind of textile material, spider silk is environmentally friendly which may bring infinite potential.
Construction and research of repairable air material classification model under principal component clustering
Authors: Qiao Li , Xu Changkai , Li Lexi , Li Hao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the complex management of repairable air materials caused by all kinds of specifications of repairable air material in practice, a repairable air material classification management method based on principal component clustering is proposed. By analyzing the influencing factors of repairable air material support management, the article constructs the classification and evaluation index system, and uses the principal component clustering to reduce the dimension of the data and perform clustering analysis on the data at the same time. And then we establish the classification and evaluation model of repairable air material. The results of the example show that the classification model and algorithm proposed have high accuracy and efficiency, which can provide support for effective classification of repairable air material.
Effect of sputtering on bridge region of thin film nichrome heater
Authors: Xie Ruizhen , Ren Xiaoming , Liu Lan , Liu Wei , Yu Kexin , Xue Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A thin film microheater is developed for microthruster ignition, micro detonator, etc. The microheater was fabricated onto a Prex bulk substrate using a micro-fabrication technology. Sputtering precession was studied for the effect on the properties of Nichrome film. The results show that the smaller the thickness of the film, the smaller the grain size of the film, the more uniform the grain distribution, and the better the compactness of the film When the sputtering power is the same. When the thickness of the film is the same, the smaller the sputtering power, the smaller the grain size of the deposited film, the more uniform the grain distribution, and the better the compactness of the film.
Microstructure and softening resistance of Cu-Cr-Ag alloy
Authors: Wang Wanyu , Huang Guojie , Zhang Wenjing , Xie Haofeng , Peng Lijun , Yang Zhen , Feng Xue , Mi Xujun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, Cu-0.5Cr and Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Ag alloys were used as experimental materials to test the softening resistance of the alloys. The results show that the addition of Ag can improve the hardness and softening temperature of the Cu-Cr alloy, and has little effect on the conductivity. The softening resistance temperature of Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Ag alloy is 575 °C, which is 25 °C higher than that of Cu-0.5Cr alloy. The softening process of the alloy is accompanied by grain recovery, recrystallization and coarsening. Ag atom improves the recrystallization activation energy of copper alloy and delays the recrystallization and recrystallization grain growth in the softening process. Recrystallization is the main factor leading to the softening of the alloy.
Parameter importance analysis: Random forest approach
Authors: Hweju Zvikomborero , Kopi Fundiswa , Abou-El-Hossein Khaled 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
During surface roughness modelling, it is crucial to determine the parameters with the highest predictive power since these are the outcome drivers. Based on out-of-bag (OOB) mean square error, the following Random Forest techniques have been utilized to determine parameter importance: mean decrease in accuracy and total increase in node purity. Validation of the results has been achieved using the Bayesian linear regression technique. The PMMA machining experiment has been designed by the Central Composite Design (CCD) Face Centered technique. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are the control parameters, while surface quality is the dependent parameter. The authors established that the random forest regression algorithm yields an OOB mean squared error of 0.113 and that the OOB mean squared error decreases with increasing number of trees for validation dataset. On the other hand, the OOB mean squared error increases with increasing number of trees for training dataset. Both the mean decrease in accuracy and total increase in node purity techniques reveal that the order of decreasing machining parameter importance is as follows: cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. Validation of the obtained results yields the same outcome. Hence, feed rate may be omitted from models for faster and simpler surface roughness prediction.
Advances in binary nitride coatings for cemented carbides
Authors: Wang Xinwu , Sun Haobin , Zhang Hua , Li Changye , Zhao Chengliang , Si Shouji , Yao Haibin , Yu Huijun , Chen Chuanzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the development of science and technology, cemented carbide tool coatings for machining are updating constantly. Different chemical elements in tool coatings have different performance. This paper introduces the current status of the use of various chemical elements in carbide tool coatings, common chemical elements include metallic elements (transition metal elements, rare-earth elements and aluminium elements) and non-metallic elements (silicon and boron). In addition, this paper presents the current status of research on related basic coatings which includes CrN, TiN, TiCN and CrCN coating, and it looks ahead the develop of tool coating prospect as well.
Research status of laser cladding material system on titanium alloy
Authors: Di Jing , Yao Jiani , Li Meng , Zhou Shuo , Wen Yuxian , Sun Haobin , Zhang Hua , Li Changye , Zhao Chengliang , Si Shouji , Yao Haibin , Yu Huijun , Chen Chuanzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Laser cladding technology is an advanced surface modification technology. By selecting different parameters and coating materials, the surface hardness and wear resistance of titanium alloys can be effectively improved. The cladding material is a key factor affecting the quality and performance of the cladding layer. Common cladding materials mainly include self-fluxing alloy powder, ceramic powder and rare earth element powder. This paper reviews the current research status of laser cladding material system on titanium alloy, and explains the problems that still need to be solved and puts forward the outlook.
Degradation simulation of Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) vascular stents based on the continuous damage model
Authors: Su Junjie , Cheng Jie , Zhao Gutian , Hu Xue , Tao Jiayu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the evolution law of degradation is the basis of stents application. Therefore, the degradation of Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) vascular stents was simulated by ABAQUS in this paper. Firstly, the mechanical properties of PLLA sheets were obtained by tensile test. It was found that in the process of degradation, the elastic modulus of sheets almost did not change, but their yield strength and elongation decreased obviously. Then, the anisotropic material model and continuous damage degradation model based on hydrolysis and residual stress were established. Simulation results which showed that the damage of ring bends was larger is consistent with the experiments of some scholars. This confirmed that the modeling method can predict the distribution of damage.
Creep-fatigue damage analysis of a large horizontal molten-salt storage tank
Authors: Liu Bingcheng , Qian Caifu , Zeng Xiangsheng , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Molten-salt storage tank is the key equipment of solar-thermal storage system. In this paper, creep-fatigue analysis and evaluation were performed on a large horizontal molten-salt storage tank according to ASME Code Case 2843, and influence of the structural form for opening reinforcement was investigated. Results found that increasing the thickness of the tube was not very helpful for the equipment to pass creep-fatigue damage assessment; On the other hand, the integral reinforced structure was effective to meet the requirement of creep-fatigue damage assessment. For the horizontal molten-salt storage tank studied here, the creep damage was dominant compared to the fatigue damage.