bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic Agents from Fungi with Special Reference to
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Deshmukh Sunil Kumar , Gupta Manish Kumar , Agrawal Shivankar 
Published: May 2022

:
The enzyme α-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20) catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-1,4-glucopyranoside bond in oligosaccharides and disaccharides and thus plays an essential role in regulating glucose content and the level of postprandial hyperglycemia. The inhibition of α-glucosidases is considered a viable strategy to develop new and effective antidiabetic drugs. Many patents like ZA201905405B; US9073897B2 have been published on α-glucosidase inhibitors. In recent years, several classes of fungal-metabolites possessing a varying degree of α-glucosidases inhibitory activity have been reported. The primary chemical classes include xanthone, phenanthrene, terpenoid, coumarin, isocoumarin, naphthalene, piperazine, and polyketides. Few of the identified inhibitors exhibited severalfold better activities than well-known α-glucosidases inhibitor acarbose and can be used as a lead to develop new antidiabetic drugs. The present review highlights the recent development in the identification of α-glucosidases inhibitors from various fungal sources. Their chemical class, structures, and inhibitory activity in terms of IC50 or MIC are discussed here.
A Mini Review of Underutilized Native Plants from East Malaysia’s Rainforests as Potential Hypertensive Drugs
Authors: Lem Fui Fui , Chee Fong Tyng , Chin Su Na 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are on the rise throughout the world at an alarming rate. As a result, a variety of techniques to help in the prevention and control of hypertension have been tried, one of which is the use of natural medicines derived from medicinal plants. The relevance of plant-based medicine is now recognised by western countries, as seen by Canada's Natural Health Product Regulations, which were promulgated in January 2004. The Southeast Asian rainforests, notably in East Malaysia, are home to a diverse range of medicinal plant species with endless potential as pharmacological candidates, particularly as antihypertensive agents. The indigenous ethnic groups of East Malaysia have long utilised a broad variety of medicinal plant species to treat hypertension, thanks to their extensive usage of traditional remedies and in-depth understanding of ethnomedicine, which are fundamental elements of their culture. However, scientific understanding of ethnomedicines used to treat hypertension, particularly the processes underlying their antihypertensive action, is inadequate. Based on previous scientific studies, this review aims to address the antihypertensive effects of medicinal plants used by indigenous ethnic groups in East Malaysia, Sabah, in order to provide insights into the mechanisms of the plants' antihypertensive activity for the development of antihypertensive agents from these native plants.
COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations
Authors: Alrabadi Nasr , Bany-Melhem Shouq , Alzoubi Karem H. , Alzoubi Osama O. , Masadeh Majd , Abuhammad Sawsan , Harun Sabariah N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Vaccines are important to improve immunity against pathogens and diseases. The current COVID-19 disease is rapidly evolving and spreading among people; therefore, it is important to utilize a proper vaccination strategy against it. Currently, many approved vaccines are available and accessible; however, there is a reported hesitancy against taking them among the public and even the health care workers. Mainly, this is attributed to the fear of the possible side effects and complications. Moreover, inaccurate knowledge disseminated through the media/social media especially by those who lack proper expertise adds confusion and more fear that affects the vaccination decision. For such reasons, it is essential to find strategies to increase the acceptability of vaccines and to enhance confidence in the vaccination process. This should be accompanied by sufficient efforts and proper clinical studies to confirm the value and the safety of the vaccines. Those strategies are important to avoid the further spread of the COVID-19 disease and to abort the pandemic worldwide, especially when considering the likely approach towards a COVID-19 booster vaccination program, in which booster vaccines are re-taken along intervals to adequately contain the rapidly evolving nature of the virus. This review article highlights the factors influencing the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination and enrollment in clinical trials among the public and some specific populations. Furthermore, it summarizes the suggested strategies and recommendations that can improve the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination programs.
Yawning matters: What can hiatus tell us about the lost Greek novels? What can the heroon in honor of Kineas on the Banks of the Oxus River tell us about <i>The wonders beyond Thule</i>?
Authors: López Martínez María Paz 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to contextualize the fragments of the The Wonders beyond Thule in the set of lost Greek novels that have come to us in papyri paying special attention to the treatment of hiatus. The literary ambitions of Callirrhoe, Ninus, Parthenope, and The wonders beyond are similar and their ‘implicit readers’ would have belonged to the educated elite known by the term of pepaideumenoi and pepaideumenai. Other conclusion is that hiatus is a license that depends on the style of the author, but it can sometimes be attributed to an error by the scribe or a decision of the modern editor.
The study includes value information about novel fragments since 1998 (edition by López-Martínez) and a hypothesis regarding archaeological materials (papyri and inscriptions) found in a Hellenistic city on the Banks of the Oxus River in Afghanistan, Ai Khanoum, which offer us tantalizing paralells for the fictional mise en scène of Diogenes’ novel.
Virtual Reality Training Using Nintendo Wii Games for Patients With Stroke: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Anwar Naveed , Karimi Hossein , Ahmad Ashfaq , Gilani Syed Amir , Khalid Kehkshan , Aslam Ahmed Sohaib , Hanif Asif 
Published: May 2022

Background
Stroke is a leading cause of disability. It is difficult to devise an optimal rehabilitation plan once stroke survivors are back home. Conventional rehabilitative therapies are extensively used in patients with stroke to recover motor functioning and disability, but these are arduous and expensive. Virtual reality (VR) video games inspire patients to get involved in their therapeutic exercise routine in a fun way. VR in the form of games provides a fruitful, secure, and challenging learning environment for motor control and neural plasticity development in rehabilitation. The effects of upper limb sensorimotor functioning and balance are the main focus of this trial.

Objective
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of VR training and routine physical therapy on balance and upper extremity sensorimotor function in patients with stroke.

Methods
It was a single assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial. A total of 74 participants with their first chronic stroke were included and rehabilitated in a clinical setting. The lottery method was used to randomly assign patients to either the VR group (n=37) or the routine physical therapy group (n=37). The VR group received a 1-hour session of VR training for 3 weekdays over 6 weeks, and the routine physical therapy group received different stretching and strengthening exercises. The outcome measuring tools were the Berg Balance Scale for balance and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (upper extremity) scale for sensorimotor, joint pain, and range assessment. The assessment was done at the start of treatment and after the 6 weeks of intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22.

Results
The trial was completed by 68 patients. A significant difference between the two groups was found in the Berg Balance Scale score (P<.001), Fugl-Meyer Assessment for motor function (P=.03), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment for joint pain and joint range (P<.001); however, no significant difference (P=.19) in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity sensation was noted.

Conclusions
VR training is helpful for improving balance and function of the upper extremities in the routine life of patients with stroke; although, it was not found to be better than conventional training in improving upper limb sensation. VR training can be a better option in a rehabilitation plan designed to increase functional capability.

Trial Registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials RCT20190715044216N1; https://www.irct.ir/user/trial/40898/view
Evaluation of the Clinical, Technical, and Financial Aspects of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Scoping Review and Framework of Analysis
Authors: Gomez Rossi Jesus , Feldberg Ben , Krois Joachim , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCost-effectiveness analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine demands consideration of clinical, technical, and economic aspects to generate impactful research of a novel and highly versatile technology.ObjectiveWe aimed to systematically scope existing literature on the cost-effectiveness of AI and to extract and summarize clinical, technical, and economic dimensions required for a comprehensive assessment.MethodsA scoping literature review was conducted to map medical, technical, and economic aspects considered in studies on the cost-effectiveness of medical AI. Based on these, a framework for health policy analysis was developed.ResultsAmong 4820 eligible studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria for our review. Internal medicine and emergency medicine were the clinical disciplines most frequently analyzed. Most of the studies included were from the United States (5/13, 39%), assessed solutions requiring market access (9/13, 69%), and proposed optimization of direct resources as the most frequent value proposition (7/13, 53%). On the other hand, technical aspects were not uniformly disclosed in the studies we analyzed. A minority of articles explicitly stated the payment mechanism assumed (5/13, 38%), while it remained unspecified in the majority (8/13, 62%) of studies.ConclusionsCurrent studies on the cost-effectiveness of AI do not allow to determine if the investigated AI solutions are clinically, technically, and economically viable. Further research and improved reporting on these dimensions seem relevant to recommend and assess potential use cases for this technology.
Effect of the “Art Coloring” Online Coloring Game on Subjective Well-Being Increase and Anxiety Reduction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development and Evaluation
Authors: Xi JuZhe , Gao YuHan , Lyu Na , She Zhuang , Wang XinYue , Zhang Xin-An , Yu XiaoYu , Ji WeiDong , Wei MengSheng , Dai WeiHui , Qian Xuesheng 
Published: May 2022

Background
COVID-19 has spread worldwide and generated tremendous stress on human beings. Unfortunately, it is often hard for distressed individuals to access mental health services under conditions of restricted movement or even lockdown.

Objective
The study first aims to develop an online digital intervention package based on a commercially released coloring game. The second aim is to test the effectiveness of difference intervention packages for players to increase subjective well-being (SWB) and reduce anxiety during the pandemic.

Methods
An evidence-based coloring intervention package was developed and uploaded to an online coloring game covering almost 1.5 million players worldwide in January 2021. Players worldwide participated to color either 4 rounds of images characterized by awe, pink, nature, and blue or 4 rounds of irrelevant images. Participants' SWB and anxiety and the perceived effectiveness of the game in reducing anxiety (subjective effectiveness [SE]) were assessed 1 week before the intervention (T1), after the participants completed pictures in each round (T2-T5), and after the intervention (T6). Independent 2-tailed t tests were conducted to examine the general intervention (GI) effect and the intervention effect of each round. Univariate analysis was used to examine whether these outcome variables were influenced by the number of rounds completed.

Results
In total, 1390 players worldwide responded and completed at least 1 assessment. Overall, the GI group showed a statistical significantly greater increase in SWB than the general control (GC) group (N=164, t162=3.59, Cohen d=0.59, 95% CI 0.36-1.24, P<.001). Compared to the control group, the best effectiveness of the intervention group was seen in the awe round, in which the increase in SWB was significant (N=171, t169=2.51, Cohen d=0.39, 95% CI 0.10-0.82, P=.01), and players who colored all 4 pictures had nearly significant improvements in SWB (N=171, F4,170=2.34, partial ŋ2=0.053, P=.06) and a significant decrease in anxiety (N=171, F4,170=3.39, partial ŋ2=0.075, P=.01).

Conclusions
These data indicate the effectiveness of online psychological interventions, such as coloring games, for mental health in the specific period. They also show the feasibility of applying existing commercial games embedded with scientific psychological interventions that can fill the gap in mental crises and services for a wider group of people during the pandemic. The results would inspire innovations to prevent the psychological problems caused by public emergencies and encourage more games, especially the most popular ones, to take more positive action for the common crises of humankind.
Caroline Criado Pérez (2019), Invisible Women. Exposing Data bias in a World Designed for Men, Nueva York, Harry N. Abrahams Press
Authors: Molina Figueroa Ximena Valeria 
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del libro Invisible Women. Exposing Data bias in a World Designed for Men es describir la manera en que la ausencia histórica de mujeres en los espacios donde se toman las decisiones afecta la vida cotidiana de toda la población femenina de maneras “casi invisibles"
Keefektifan Kalimat pada Karangan Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Islam Daar El Arqam
Authors: Ibrahim Nini , Qura Ummul , Hidayatullah Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

Banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan saat menulis kalimat. Hal ini membuat banyak ketidakefektifan dalam penulisannya.Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis mengupas keefektifan kalimat yang digunakan berdasarkan sepadanan, keparalelan, kehematan, kecermatan, maupun kelogisan dan keefektifan kalimat apa yang lebih banyak muncul pada karangan siswa. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penggunaaan deskriptif kualitatif untuk memaparkan penggunaan keefektifan kalimat dalam karangan yang dibuat siswa. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kalimat-kalimat yang disusun siswa dalam karangan yang dibuatnya mengandung ketidakefektifan kalimat dari segi kesepadanan, keparalelan, kehematan, kecermatan, maupun kelogisan. Dari segi kesepadanan terdapat ketidakefektifan kalimat berdasarkan struktur, subjek ganda, dan konjungsi antarkalimat. Dari segi keparalelan terdapat ketidakefektifan kalimat berdasarkan bentuk nomina, verb, dan adjectiva. Dari segi kehematan terdapat ketidakefektifan kalimat berdasarkan kata jamak, kata sinonim, dan pengulangan subjek. Dari segi kecermatan terdapat ketidakefektifan kalimat berdasarkan ejaan, tanda baca, ungkapan dan lain-lain. Dari segi kelogisan terdapat ketidakefektifan kalimat berdasarkan kelogisan makna. Ketidakefektifan kalimat yang paling dominan muncul dalam karangan siswa ialah kehematan kata. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan kalimat efektif yang disusun siswa dalam karangannya masih begitu lemah dalam hal kehematan kata.
Kata kunci: Keefektifan kalimat; Karangan; Siswa; SMP
Pengembangan Modul Interaktif pada Materi Puisi Rakyat Kelas VII Berbasis Nilai-nilai Akhlak dalam Islam
Authors: Anjani Risa , Sumardi Aida 
Published: May 2022

Materi puisi rakyat merupakan salah satu meteri yang sulit dipahami oleh siswa. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul interaktif pada materi puisi rakyat kelas VII berbasis nilai-nilai akhlak dalam Islam dan mengetahui kelayakan serta respon modul interaktif. Metode pengembangan menggunakan model pengembangan Borg and Gall dengan prosedur pengembangan yaitu: 1) penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi awal; 2) perencanaan; 3) pengembangan format produk awal; 4) uji kelayakan; 5) uji coba lapangan awal; 6) revisi produk; 7) uji coba lapangan utama; dan 8) revisi produk akhir. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan angket. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ahli materi, ahli media, dan peserta didik kelas VII SMP Darussalam. Hasil penelitian yaitu: 1) validasi materi memperoleh persentase rata-rata 98,5% dengan kategori sangat layak dan validasi media memperoleh persentase rata-rata 98,1% dengan kategori sangat layak; 2) respon peserta didik memperoleh persentase rata-rata 97% dengan kategori sangat layak.
Kajian Semiotik Pragmatik Deiksis dan Budaya Pada Film Tarung Sarung
Authors: Henisubagiharti Henisubagiharti , Risnawaty Risnawaty , Hasibuan Annim , Diahsyafitri Diahsyafitri , Rozalia Rozalia , Munirah Munirah , Melyani Elisa , Sunandari Sunandari 
Published: May 2022

Film Tarung Sarung merepresentasikan Budaya yang menarik. Salah satunya terkait dengan percakapan antartokoh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kajian semiotiok pragmatik deiksis serta budaya pada film Tarung Sarung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian dokumentasi, simak, dan catat. Data penelitian ini adalah data bahasa ragam lisan yang bersumber dari Tarung Sarung. Data tersebut dianalisis dengan tehnik analisis Taksonomik (Taksonomic Analysis) pada tahap analisis taksonomi, peneliti berupaya memahami domain-domain tertentu sesuai fokus masalah atau sasaran penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa bentuk deiksis dalam Tarung Sarung yakni Deiksis orang meliputi (1) deiksis orang pertama : Saya, aku, gue dan kita, (2) Deiksis orang kedua : kamu, kalian, dan saudara-saudaraku, (3) Deiksis orang ketiga : mereka dan dia. Deiksis tempat meliputi di Mesji, di sini, dan di Makassar. Deiksis waktu meliputi malam-malam, selamat pagi, dan kesiangan. Deiksis Sosial meliputi Puang Deni Ruso. Sedangkan makna semiotik budaya yang terdapat dalam film ini yakni makna dari segi bahasanya, warisan, sistem pengetahuan, dan keseniannya.
Kategori Verba Mental dalam Cerita Pendek Pertemuan di Taman Hening Karya Helvy Tiana Rosa
Authors: Wiyanti Endang 
Published: May 2022

Cerita pendek merupakan sarana kreatif penulisnya. Cara pengungkapan yang beragam membuat cerita pendek menjadi menarik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan kategori verba mental dalam cerpen Pertemuan di Taman Hening berdasarkan tipe verba. Selain itu, diharapkan agar banyak pembaca lebih mengetahui tentang kategori verba mental. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitian kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa kalimat yang di dalamnya terdapat verba mental, sedangkan sumber datanya adalah cerpen yang berjudul Pertemuan di Taman Hening karya Helvy Tiana Rosa. Metode penyediaan data yang digunakan adalah metode simak dengan teknik catat dan analisis. Teknik penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian adalah bentuk verba mental yang digunakan pada cerpen Pertemuan di Taman Hening berdasarkan tipe proses verba yang terdiri dari persepsi, afeksi, dan kognisi.
Perlawanan Perempuan Melalui Rekonstruksi Mitologi: Kajian atas Puisi-puisi Gunawan Maryanto
Authors: Chair Badrul Munir 
Published: May 2022

Mitos yang berkembang dalam suatu masyarakat dapat mempengaruhi karya sastra, termasuk juga puisi. Salah satu penyair Indonesia yang memanfaatkan mitos sebagai sumber penciptaan adalah Gunawan Maryanto. Dalam puisi-puisinya, Gunawan tak sekadar terpengaruh dengan mitos-mitos seputar wayang, namun secara sadar merujuk lakon-lakon dan tokoh-tokoh dunia pewayangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rekontruksi mitologi yang dilakukan oleh Gunawan atas tokoh perempuan di dalam puisinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berasal dari puisi-puisi Gunawan Maryanto, yaitu puisi berjudul "Gandari Memasuki Kegelapan", dan "Gandari di Puncak Kegelapan". Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan mitos asal mengenai tokoh perempuan dalam pewayangan tersebut dengan pemaknaan ulang yang dilakukan oleh Gunawan dalam puisi-puisinya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Gunawan merekontruksi mitos-mitos tokoh perempuan dalam pewayangan sebagai upaya untuk mengakomodasi suara perempuan yang tidak terlalu mendapat tempat dalam mitos asal. Suara-suara tokoh perempuan dalam puisi-puisi Gunawan merupakan pembelaan, gugatan, bahkan perlawanan terhadap narasi mitos yang telah mainstream dalam kisah pewayangan.
Elemen Solidaritas-Identitas Pembentuk Ideologi dalam Novel Karya Mahfud Ikhwan
Authors: Yunitasari Liani , Marawati Fitri , Hanifah Hairini Nur 
Published: May 2022

Ideologi merupakan cermin kehidupan masyarakat yang lahir dari kesepakatan bersama pada suatu pemikiran atau kepercayaan. Ideologi memiliki empat elemen pembentuk, salah satunya yaitu elemen solidaritas-identitas yang berikatan dengan peran ideologi mengikat dua kelas yang berbeda ke dalam wadah yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan elemen solidaritas-identitas kelas sosial tinggi dan kelas sosial rendah dalam novel Dawuk: Kisah Kelabu dari Rumbuk Randu menggunakan kajian hegemoni Antonio Gramsci yang berpusat pada konsep ideologi. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan ialah teknik catat dan arsip menggunakan human instrument atau peneliti sebagai alat utama riset. Hasil penelitian deitemukan adanya 7 data elemen solidaritas-identitas kelas sosial tinggi, dan 7 data untuk kelas sosial rendah. Elemen solidaritas-identitas dalam kelas sosial tinggi, dapat menjelaskan bahwa ideologi berhasil mengikat dua kelas dengan kedudukan yang berbeda ke dalam satu ikatan yang sama. Sedangkan, elemen solidaritas-identitas kelas sosial rendah berkaitan dengan solidaritas yang terbentuk melalui perasaan kesamaan identitas yang dimiliki anggota kelas sosial seperti kesamaan daerah asal hingga kesamaan tujuan yang mendorong adanya penyatuan dua kelas berbeda ke dalam satu ikatan yang sama.
Comparison of Folliculogenesis and Follicular Maturation in Norvegicus Rats using Foeniculum Vulgare and Clomiphene Citrate
Authors: Al-Tu’ma Maha M. Kadhim , Al-Turihi Mays A. Dakhel , Ghafat Sura Zaki 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The objective of this work is to understand the importance of follicular maturation in the reproductive life of the Wistar's rats (Rattus norvegicus) using Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) and Clomiphene Citrate as reference drug.
Methods: Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) are used in doses of (400, 800mg/Kg), Clomiphene Citrate along with distilled water administration. The sexual hormones involved in the oestrous cycle, folliculogenesis, the role of the ovaries, the embryonic and fetal development of the ovary are addressed. An extract of Fennel was obtained using ethyl alcohol by miscreation. After successful administration, a histological study was also conducted on 40 rats grouped into four categories. Statistical analysis also applied standard parameters like chi-square, Tukey test and variance test.
Results: It was identified that after administration of Fennel citrate drug along with distilled waters, significant differences (p<0.05) were identified in the rats and all rats formed primary (90% given 800mg/kg after fennel administration), secondary and matured (80% given 800mg/kg after fennel administration) follicles.
Conclusion: The effect of F. Vulgare at dose of 400mg was not influential as compared to F. Vulgare at 800mg. The clomiphene citrate increased the number of primary follicles in all of the rats studied. In contrast, the rats that ate F. Vulgare, had secondary and mature follicles predominating and did not have any primary follicles.