bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One size does NOT fit all: Understanding differences in perceived organizational support during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Daniels Ruby A. , Miller Leslie A. , Mian Michael Zia , Black Stephanie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis forced organizations to radically rethink how to lead their workforce. Facing an unprecedented drop in consumer demand, business leaders struggled to balance staying financially solvent with the responsibility of supporting their employees during the crisis. Early surveys found many employees did not perceive their organizations communicated a clear plan of action; others questioned whether their employers cared about workers' health and safety. While researchers have examined perceived organizational support, studies are only now starting to examine workers' perceived support during a pandemic. The study used a mixed method design to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 949 workers during the COVID‐19 crisis. Results revealed employees working outside the home and furloughed workers perceived lower quality support than employees working remotely. While some employees recommended changes to create a safer work environment, others suggested more frequent communication and/or reassurance about job security/pay. The findings suggest leaders should recognize the nature of support workers need varies. Leaders should customize support to meet the needs of specific groups, especially essential employees working outside the home and furloughed workers. Beyond the pandemic, the results suggest organizational leaders should reexamine their approach to employee support to better prepare for future crises.
Responding to crisis: World War 2, COVID‐19, and the business school
Authors: Pattit Jason , Pattit Katherina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis will continue to have an immense impact on society, especially on the economic livelihood of ordinary people worldwide. Given the role of business schools in training managers to lead organizations and people across industry, the COVID‐19 crisis highlights a new opportunity to reflect on the purpose of the business school, which stakeholders it serves, and how it might evolve toward broader consideration and effective anticipation/response to pressing societal issues. Thus, we set out in this study to investigate these questions by examining the role that Harvard Business School played during World War 2, a crisis that also had an unprecedented impact on society. Based on this examination, we highlight the importance of flexibility and organizational innovation in times of crisis. We also discuss how the business school might expand its focus and its audience to consider broader societal issues, allowing it to better prepare students to serve society in the future, where the next crisis might be right around the corner.
Genomic analysis of familial pancreatic cancers and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abe Kodai , Kitago Minoru , Kosaki Kenjiro , Yamada Mamiko , Iwasaki Eisuke , Kawasaki Shintaro , Mizukami Keijiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Terao Chikashi , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmental and genetic factors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, which is likely to follow a multistep process that includes intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. The pathogenesis of familial pancreatic cancer has been reported; however, epidemiological characteristics and causative genes remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the family history of pancreatic cancer and tumor malignancy and identify novel susceptible germline variants of pancreatic cancer. We performed an epidemiologic study at our institute on a cohort of 668 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and 242 with pancreatic cancer but without associated intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm stratified by family history of pancreatic cancer. Whole‐exome sequencing was conducted for 10 patients from seven families with familial pancreatic cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. We found that patients who had intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with positive family history of pancreatic cancer within first‐degree relatives were more likely to develop malignancy in a shorter period than those without family history. Duplicate frameshift variants in TET2 c.3180dupG (p.Pro1061fs) and ASXL1 c.1934dupG (p.Gly646fs) in one family and POLN c.1194dupT (p.Glu399fs) in another were identified as pathogenic truncating germline variants which were previously recognised susceptibility genes. Moreover, PDIA2 c.1403C>T (p.Pro468Leu) and DPYSL4 c.926C>A (p.Pro309Gln) were shared in four and two patients, respectively. In particular, PDIA2 was identified as a novel candidate for one of the deleterious variants of familial pancreatic cancer.
Association of parenting behaviours and online risk‐taking in adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Dawson Anne E. , Wymbs Brian T. , DuPaul George J. , Evans Steven W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explored the role of caregivers in promoting Internet safety among adolescents (n = 58; 13–16 years old) diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United States. Teen participants reported their cyberbullying and sexting behaviours and their parents’ knowledge and monitoring of their online activities; parent‐reported opposition‐defiant disorder symptoms were also collected. Teens reported their parents monitored their Internet behaviours in a variety of ways; however, the only variables associated with decreased online risk behaviours were the teens’ perception of their parents’ general knowledge of their online engagements. Parent‐reported teen oppositional behaviours did not alter results. Cultivating communicative parent–teen relationships may be the most beneficial strategy in promoting online safety.
The differential effects of ertugliflozin on glucosuria and natriuresis biomarkers: Prespecified analyses from VERTIS CV
Authors: Cherney David Z. I. , Cosentino Francesco , Pratley Richard E. , Dagogo‐Jack Samuel , Frederich Robert , Maldonado Mario , Liu Jie , Pong Annpey , Liu Chih‐Chin , Cannon Christopher P. ,   VERTIS CV Investigators
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis prespecified exploratory analyses from VERTIS CV (NCT01986881) aimed to assess the effects of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ertugliflozin on glucosuria‐related (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], uric acid, body weight) and natriuresis‐related (blood pressure, haemoglobin, haematocrit, serum albumin) biomarkers according to kidney function risk category.Materials and methodsPatients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomized to placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg, or ertugliflozin 15 mg (1:1:1). Analyses compared placebo (n = 2747) versus ertugliflozin (pooled; n = 5499) on glucosuria‐ and natriuresis‐related biomarkers according to baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) subgroup and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (KDIGO CKD) risk category.ResultsPatients were classified according to KDIGO CKD low‐ (49%), moderate‐ (32%) and high‐/very‐high‐risk categories (19%), and eGFR groups 1 (25%), 2 (53%) and 3 (19%). At Week 18, the high‐/very‐high‐risk category had a smaller placebo‐subtracted least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline (95% confidence interval) in HbA1c (−0.34 [−0.43, −0.25]) compared with the low‐ and moderate‐risk categories (−0.54 [−0.60, −0.49] and − 0.47 [−0.54, −0.40], respectively). This pattern was maintained throughout the study (Pinteraction = 0.0001). Similar patterns based on baseline eGFR G stage were observed. Placebo‐subtracted LSM changes from baseline in uric acid were lowest in the high‐/very‐high‐risk category at Weeks 6 and 18, but the pattern was not maintained after Week 156 (Pinteraction = 0.15). Effects of ertugliflozin on body weight and natriuresis‐related biomarkers did not differ across KDIGO CKD categories.ConclusionsIn VERTIS CV, ertugliflozin was associated with physiologically favourable changes in glucosuria‐ and natriuresis‐related biomarkers. Glycaemic efficacy of ertugliflozin was attenuated in patients with higher chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. Effects on other biomarkers were consistent, regardless of CKD risk stage.
Comparative reconstruction of the predatory feeding structures of the polyphenic nematodePristionchus pacificus
Authors: Harry Clayton J. , Messar Sonia M. , Ragsdale Erik J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPristionchus pacificusis a nematode model for the developmental genetics of morphological polyphenism, especially at the level of individual cells. Morphological polyphenism in this species includes an evolutionary novelty, moveable teeth, which have enabled predatory feeding in this species and others in its family (Diplogastridae). From transmission electron micrographs of serial thin sections through an adult hermaphrodite ofP. pacificus, we three‐dimensionally reconstructed all epithelial and myoepithelial cells and syncytia, corresponding to 74 nuclei, of its face, mouth, and pharynx. We found that the epithelia that produce the predatory morphology ofP. pacificusare identical toCaenorhabditis elegansin the number of cell classes and nuclei. However, differences in cell form, spatial relationships, and nucleus position correlate with gross morphological differences fromC. elegansand outgroups. Moreover, we identified fine‐structural features, especially in the anteriormost pharyngeal muscles, that underlie the conspicuous, left‐right asymmetry that characterizes theP. pacificusfeeding apparatus. Our reconstruction provides an anatomical map for studying the genetics of polyphenism, feeding behavior, and the development of novel form in a satellite model toC. elegans.
Sex‐specific evolution of a Drosophila sensory system via interacting cis‐ and trans‐regulatory changes
Authors: Luecke David , Rice Gavin , Kopp Artyom 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evolution of gene expression via cis‐regulatory changes is well established as a major driver of phenotypic evolution. However, relatively little is known about the influence of enhancer architecture and intergenic interactions on regulatory evolution. We address this question by examining chemosensory system evolution in Drosophila. Drosophila prolongata males show a massively increased number of chemosensory bristles compared to females and males of sibling species. This increase is driven by sex‐specific transformation of ancestrally mechanosensory organs. Consistent with this phenotype, the Pox neuro transcription factor (Poxn), which specifies chemosensory bristle identity, shows expanded expression in D. prolongata males. Poxn expression is controlled by nonadditive interactions among widely dispersed enhancers. Although some D. prolongata Poxn enhancers show increased activity, the additive component of this increase is slight, suggesting that most changes in Poxn expression are due to epistatic interactions between Poxn enhancers and trans‐regulatory factors. Indeed, the expansion of D. prolongata Poxn enhancer activity is only observed in cells that express doublesex (dsx), the gene that controls sexual differentiation in Drosophila and also shows increased expression in D. prolongata males due to cis‐regulatory changes. Although expanded dsx expression may contribute to increased activity of D. prolongata Poxn enhancers, this interaction is not sufficient to explain the full expansion of Poxn expression, suggesting that cis–trans interactions between Poxn, dsx, and additional unknown genes are necessary to produce the derived D. prolongata phenotype. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of epistatic gene interactions for evolution, particularly when pivotal genes have complex regulatory architecture.
Proteomic dissimilarities of primary microglia and BV2 cells under stimuli
Authors: Luan Wenhui , Li Min , Wu Chunmei , Shen Xiaoqian , Sun Zhongwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroglia are the static resident cells possessing the phagocytic properties in the central nervous system (CNS). In many relevant studies, the immortalized murine microglial cell line BV2 has been used as a tool in primary microglia (PM) relevant studies. Microglia participate in neuroinflammation by converting into M1‐ and M2‐like phenotypes. In this study, we established M1‐ and M2‐like phenotype response models by exposing PM and BV2 cells to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interlukin‐4 (IL‐4), respectively, and discovered the proteomic differences between the two types of microglia. It turned out that the BV2 cell responses to LPS and IL‐4 were narrower and weaker than that of PM. In addition, irradiation, which has been shown to activate microglia and induces neuroinflammation, was also used as a treatment in this study. The results showed that BV2 cells have stronger capacity of DNA damage repair. Besides, irradiation had a negative effect on the regulation of KEGG pathways such as proteasome, ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle in both cells. Furthermore, the KEGG pathways including cell cycle and DNA replication (significantly downregulated), and antigen processing and presentation and FC γ R mediated phagocytosis (significantly up‐regulated) were only found in irradiated PM. These data demonstrate that PM is more fragile to irradiation. Results in this study indicate that BV2 cells only partially model PM, and thus, using BV2 in microglia related studies should be carefully considered.
The Airbus bribery scandal: A collective myopia perspective
Authors: Boakye Derrick , Siaw Daniel , Sarpong David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrawing on collective myopia as a lens, we explore the infamous Airbus bribery scandal to show how the executives of the global aircraft manufacturer, through their actions and behaviours, institutionalised the payment of bribes to secure contracts. Data for the inquiry consist of publicly available court‐approved documents, company website and internal emails, and newspaper articles on the scandal. Unpacking the bribery scheme operated by Airbus, we found that bribing of foreign government officials and airline executives to secure contracts was part and parcel of the firm's organising strategy. In this regard, the organising practices of Airbus actively encouraged employees to break its own bribery compliance policies which they employed as smokescreens to cover their illegal activities. Building on our findings, we developed a collective myopic‐bribery framework outlining how the collective myopia in organising drove the bribery activities at Airbus. The implications of the findings for theory and practice are outlined.
Chronic vestibular syndromes in the elderly: Presbyvestibulopathy—an isolated clinical entity?
Authors: Müller Katharina Johanna , Becker‐Bense Sandra , Strobl Ralf , Grill Eva , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeRecently, the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society defined the new syndrome of "presbyvestibulopathy" for elderly patients with chronic vestibular symptoms due to a mild bilateral peripheral vestibular hypofunction. However, control of stance and gait requires multiple functioning systems, for example, the somatosensory, visual, auditory, musculoskeletal, and cardio‐ and cerebrovascular systems. The aim of this cross‐sectional database‐driven study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of presbyvestibulopathy and additional gait‐relevant comorbidities.MethodsIn total, 707 patients aged ≥60 years with chronic vertigo/dizziness were admitted to our tertiary hospital and received detailed neurological, neuro‐orthoptic, and laboratory audiovestibular examination. Medical history, comorbidities, functional impairment, and quality of life (Dizziness Handicap Inventory [DHI], European Quality of Life Scale, Vestibular Activities and Participation) were compared between presbyvestibulopathy and bilateral vestibulopathy in a matched‐paired study.ResultsIn 95.5% of patients, complaints were better accounted for by another vestibular, neurological, cardiac, or psychiatric disease, and 32 patients (4.5%) met the diagnostic criteria for presbyvestibulopathy. Of these 32 patients, the majority showed further relevant comorbidities in other sensorimotor systems. Only one patient of 707 had “isolated” presbyvestibulopathy (0.14%). The mean total DHI scores indicated lower moderate impairment in presbyvestibulopathy than in bilateral vestibulopathy (40.6 vs. 49.0), which was confirmed by significant differences in the matched‐paired analysis (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIsolated presbyvestibulopathy is a very rare entity. It is regularly accompanied by other multisensory dysfunctions. These results indicate a potential role of mild vestibular hypofunction as a cofactor in multifactorial impairment. Thus, patients should be treated in an interdisciplinary setting with an awareness of diverse comorbidities.
Linking AI supply chain strength to sustainable development and innovation: A country‐level analysis
Authors: Wang Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo help enterprises improve their sustainable development as well as the competition ability in their supply chain, a research is conducted on the efficiency of the supply chain embedded with artificial intelligence (AI) and issues in sustainable development. At first, the present work determines the connection between efficiency of the supply chain with the environmental performance. Then, it illustrates how the efficiency of the AI supply chain influences the environment of enterprises. Next, an evaluation is made on the influence of AI supply chain efficiency on the social sustainable development. In the empirical analysis, the data of Global Competitiveness Report and Environmental Performance Index Report from 2008 to 2017 are collected. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis are used to determine the relationship between AI supply chain efficiency and sustainable development and innovation. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) has been computed to ascertain if there are significant bivariate relationships between the variables of interest. There are two components of reducing waste and consumption pressures that are significantly and positively correlated with AI supply chain efficiency. These are ecological footprint per capita (r = .662, p = .000) and waste recycling rates (r = .631, p = .000). The present work identifies the connection between AI supply chain efficiency and sustainable development and innovation. Moreover, the AI supply chain promotes technological innovation among enterprises and the sustainable development of enterprises themselves.
Price asymmetries in the US airline industry
Authors: Jiang Yi , Que Tingting , Yu Miaomiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe document price asymmetries in the US airline industry. We find evidence that the average airfare increases in response to rising fuel cost but does not decrease in response to declining fuel cost. In searching for the cause of price asymmetries, we find that common ownership, measured by overlapping institutional investors, is associated with greater price asymmetry in the airline industry. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we exploit the variation in common ownership induced by the financial institution mergers and conduct a difference‐in‐differences test to establish the causal effects of common ownership on price asymmetry in the airline industry. In addition, airlines in highly concentrated markets exhibit more price asymmetries than those in low concentration markets. Our results support focal price tacit collusion as an important determinant of asymmetric pricing. Furthermore, first‐class airfares are shown to decrease more slowly than economy‐class airfares in response to fuel cost decreases, which supports consumer search as the mechanism driving asymmetric pricing.
Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of the genus Vicia (Vicia L.) using simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Sun Wei‐Hong , Wu Fei‐Fei , Cong Lili , Jin Mei‐Yan , Wang Xian‐Guo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe genetic diversity of the Vicia (Vicia L.) genus was analyzed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 201 sampled individuals from 12 Vicia were assayed to study the genetic diversity and polymorphisms using 12 simple sequence repeat markers; 115 alleles were identified. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and the average expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.4283 and 0.6941, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.8739 (V81) to 0.9579 (V97), with a mean of 0.9033, indicating that the markers were highly informative. Moreover, cluster and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) divided the 12 species into three main clusters. Structure analysis and PCoA of Vicia narbonensis and Vicia tibetica agreed well with the cluster analysis results, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results revealed that 89% genetic variation was observed within the population and 11% was among the population. These results clarify the genetic diversity and population structure of the Vicia, providing useful information for understanding genetic variability and establishing a foundation for future breeding programs and genetic improvement.
Impact of first COVID‐19 lockdown on paediatric and adult haemophilia patients treated in a French Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre
Authors: Volot Fabienne , Soudry‐Faure Agnes , Callegarin Anamaria , Ksiazek Eléa , Delienne Stephanie , Cottin Yves , Maynadié Marc , Boulin Mathieu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has created an unprecedented global health crisis.AimTo investigate the impact of the 1st COVID‐19 lockdown on haemophilia patients in terms of symptoms, management, medication adherence, mental health and lifestyle behaviours.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional phone survey using a two‐part questionnaire was conducted in haemophilia patients (adults and children) followed‐up in a French Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre between May 5, 2020 and June 2, 2020 (CLEO CD study: NCT04390126).ResultsAmong 284 haemophilia A or B patients with FVIII or FIX < 40% contacted for the study, 239 (84%) including 183 adults and 56 children participated to the survey. In 81% of children and 78% of adults, bleeding episodes remained unchanged or decreased. Medication adherence was 82.0% in adults and 98.2% in children. Non‐adherence concerned haemostatic agents in six patients and analgesics in three. Overall, 67% of adults and 71% of children felt as good as before lockdown. In both adults and children, the three major changes in lifestyle behaviours were: increase in screen time (49% and 57%), decrease in physical activity (43% and 48%), and weight gain (32% and 27%), respectively.ConclusionsEncouraging results were observed in terms of haemophilia symptoms, medication adherence, and mental health. Conversely, a negative impact was observed on lifestyle behaviours in a cohort of French haemophilia patients during the 1st lockdown.