bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventriculosubgaleal shunt as a proposed technique for post-infectious hydrocephalus
Authors: Amen Mohamed Mohsen , Zaher Ahmed , Badr Hatem Ibraheem , Elshirbiny Mohammad Fekry , Elnaggar Ahmed Mahmoud , Khalil Amr Farid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The management of post-infectious hydrocephalus (PIH) remains challenging for neurosurgeons. It requires a temporary diversion procedure till the normalization of CSF parameters prior to the permanent one. Ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS) was widely used in pediatric cases with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). However, its role in PIH is still lacking. This study was done to elucidate the safety and efficacy of VSGS as a temporary CSF diversion procedure before the permanent one in patients with PIH.

Patients and methods
This retrospective investigation analyzed the data of 50 consecutive cases who underwent VSGS for PIH.

Results
The age of the included patients ranged between 1 and 10 months. Twenty-six cases had meningitis and or ventriculitis (52%), while the remaining had shunt infection. At follow-up, arresting of hydrocephalus was noted in ten patients (20%), while another 36 cases required the permanent diversion procedure within 35 days. Regarding the shunt complications, scalp infection, tissue breakdown, and shunt exposure were encountered in ten cases (20%), while CSF leakage was noted in 12 cases (24%). Shunt migration was noted in only two patients (4%). Shunt revision was needed in 16 cases (32%). Mortality was encountered in four cases (8%) because of sepsis. Risk factors for morbimortality included younger age, lower weight, male gender, and meningitis and or ventriculitis.

Conclusion
VSGS is a safe and effective procedure in infants awaiting definitive VPS for postinfectious hydrocephalus. It was proven that VSGS has shortened the hospital stay and the economic burden on the country.
Current trends in diagnostic and therapeutic management of the axilla in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy: results of the German-wide NOGGO MONITOR 24 survey
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Untch Michael , Krawczyk Natalia , Thurmann Maria , Kühn Thorsten , Sehouli Jalid , Gasparri Maria Luisa , de Boniface Jana , Gentilini Oreste Davide , Stickeler Elmar , Ditsch Nina , Rody Achim , Paluchowski Peter , Blohmer Jens-Uwe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In the last 2 decades, the optimal management of the axilla in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been one of the most frequently discussed topics. Little is known about the attitudes of surgeons/radiologists towards new developments such as targeted axillary dissection. Therefore, the NOGGO conducted a survey to evaluate the current approach to axillary management.

Methods
A standardized digital questionnaire was sent out to > 200 departments in Germany between 7/2021 and 5/2022. The survey was supported by EUBREAST.

Results
In total, 116 physicians completed the survey. In cN0 patients scheduled to receive NACT, 89% of respondents recommended sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after NACT. In case of ypN1mi(sn), 44% advised no further therapy, while 31% proposed ALND and 25% axillary irradiation. 64% of respondents recommended a minimally invasive axillary biopsy to cN + patients. TAD was used at the departments of 82% of respondents and was offered to all cN + patients converting to ycN0 by 57% and only to selected patients, usually based on the number of suspicious nodes at time of presentation, by 43%. The most common marking technique was a clip/coil. 67% estimated that the detection rate of their marker was very good or good.

Conclusion
This survey shows a heterogenous approach towards axillary management in the neoadjuvant setting in Germany. Most respondents follow current guidelines. Since only two-thirds of respondents experienced the detection rate of the marker used at their department as (very) good, future studies should focus on the comparative evaluation of different marking techniques.
No impact of sex on surgical site infections in abdominal surgery: a multi-center study
Authors: Zwicky Simone N. , Gloor Severin , Tschan Franziska , Candinas Daniel , Demartines Nicolas , Weber Markus , Beldi Guido 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Male sex is controversially discussed as a risk factor for surgical site infections (SSI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of sex on SSI in abdominal surgery under elimination of relevant confounders.

Methods
Clinicopathological data of 6603 patients undergoing abdominal surgery from a multi-center prospective database of four Swiss hospitals including patients between 2015 and 2018 were assessed. Patients were stratified according to postoperative SSI and risk factors for SSI were identified using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
In 649 of 6603 patients, SSI was reported (9.8%). SSI was significantly associated with reoperation (22.7% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001), increased mortality rate (4.6% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001), and increased rate of length of hospital stay > 75th percentile (57.0% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, male sex was a significant risk factor for SSI (p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis including multiple confounders’ such as comorbidities and perioperative factors, there was no association between male sex and risk of SSI (odds ratio (OR) 1.1 [CI 0.8–1.4]). Independent risk factors for SSI in multivariate analysis were BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR 1.8 [CI 1.3–2.3]), duration of surgery > 75th percentile (OR 2.3 [1.8–2.9]), high contamination level (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.6]), laparotomy (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.7]), previous laparotomy (OR 1.4 [1.1–1.7]), blood transfusion (OR 1.7 [1.2–2.4]), cancer (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.8] and malnutrition (OR 2.5 [1.8–3.4]).

Conclusion
Under elimination of relevant confounders, there is no significant correlation between sex and risk of SSI after abdominal surgery.
Laparoscopic Heller-Dor is an effective long-term treatment for end-stage achalasia
Authors: Salvador Renato , Nezi Giulia , Forattini Francesca , Riccio Federica , Vittori Arianna , Provenzano Luca , Capovilla Giovanni , Nicoletti Loredana , Moletta Lucia , Pierobon Elisa Sefora , Valmasoni Michele , Merigliano Stefano , Costantini Mario 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The end-stage achalasia is a difficult condition to treat, for the esophageal diameter and conformation of the gullet, that may progress to a sigmoid shape. The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of Laparoscopic Heller-Dor in patients with end-stage achalasia, comparing them with patients who had mega-esophagus without a sigmoid shape.

Methods
From 1992 to 2020, patients with a diagnosis of sigmoid esophagus, or radiological stage IV achalasia (the SE group), and patients with a straight esophagus larger than 6 cm in diameter, or radiological stage III achalasia (the NSE group), were all treated with LHD. The two groups were compared in terms of patients’ symptoms, based on the Eckardt score, and on barium swallow, endoscopy and manometry performed before and after the treatment. The failure of the treatment was defined as an Eckardt score > 3, or the need for further treatment.

Results
The study involved 164 patients: 73 in the SE group and 91 in the NSE group. No intra- or postoperative mortality was recorded. The median follow-up was 51 months (IQR 25–107). The outcome was satisfactory in 71.2% of patients in the SE group, and in 89% of those in the NSE group (p = 0.005).

Conclusions
SE is certainly the worst condition of the disease and the final outcome of LHD, in term of symptom control, is inferior compared to NSE. Despite this, almost 3/4 of the SE patients experienced a significant relieve in symptoms after LHD, which may therefore still be the first surgical option to offer to these patients, before considering esophagectomy.
FFT-based homogenization at finite strains using composite boxels (ComBo)
Authors: Keshav Sanath , Fritzen Felix , Kabel Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComputational homogenization is the gold standard for concurrent multi-scale simulations (e.g., FE2) in scale-bridging applications. Often the simulations are based on experimental and synthetic material microstructures represented by high-resolution 3D image data. The computational complexity of simulations operating on such voxel data is distinct. The inability of voxelized 3D geometries to capture smooth material interfaces accurately, along with the necessity for complexity reduction, has motivated a special local coarse-graining technique called composite voxels (Kabel et al. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 294: 168–188, 2015). They condense multiple fine-scale voxels into a single voxel, whose constitutive model is derived from the laminate theory. Our contribution generalizes composite voxels towards composite boxels (ComBo) that are non-equiaxed, a feature that can pay off for materials with a preferred direction such as pseudo-uni-directional fiber composites. A novel image-based normal detection algorithm is devised which (i) allows for boxels in the firsts place and (ii) reduces the error in the phase-averaged stresses by around 30% against the orientation cf. Kabel et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 294: 168–188, 2015) even for equiaxed voxels. Further, the use of ComBo for finite strain simulations is studied in detail. An efficient and robust implementation is proposed, featuring an essential selective back-projection algorithm preventing physically inadmissible states. Various examples show the efficiency of ComBo against the original proposal by Kabel et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 294: 168–188, 2015) and the proposed algorithmic enhancements for nonlinear mechanical problems. The general usability is emphasized by examining various Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based solvers, including a detailed description of the Doubly-Fine Material Grid (DFMG) for finite strains. All of the studied schemes benefit from the ComBo discretization.
The Economic Effects of Potential EU Tariff Sanctions on Russia — A Sectoral Approach
Authors: Latipov Olim , Lau Christian , Mahlstein Kornel , Schropp Simon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs part of its sanctions regime, the United States recently announced the imposition of punitive import tariffs on 570 product groups from Russia. The European Union may follow suit and enact sanctions on Russia that mirror the US sanctions in scale and scope. Using a sector-specific partial-equilibrium model, we quantify the impact of such mirror sanctions. We find they would inflict on Russia welfare losses of at least $996 million per year — at an overall cost of $150 million to EU consumers. Breaking down these totals in a sectoral analysis, we find that mirroring the US action would produce mixed results from the EU’s perspective. On the one hand, tariff sanctions cover a number of sectors whose inclusion would inflict particularly large welfare losses for Russia and/or high welfare gains for the EU. On the other hand, mirror sanctions would bring significant inefficiencies for the EU. For example, in 72 sectors, higher tariffs would inflict greater harm on the EU than on the Russian economy, causing EU losses in excess of $560 million. Thus, consistent with the spirit of international coordination and alignment, the EU may consider adjusting the suite of tariff sanctions rather than simply adopting the US package.
Tolerance Optimization of Patch Parameters for Locally Reinforced Composite Structures
Authors: Franz Michael , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA rising number of applications and increasing volume of composite structures production lead to a high relevance of variation management during their design. Structural optimization for lightweight purposes often results in designs consisting of a base laminate with local reinforcement patches. Nominally, these optimized designs offer a thorough exploitation of lightweight potential. Yet, they suffer from variations of the reinforcements resulting in a worsened manufacturing behavior and reduced structural performance. To ensure the quality, tolerances should be allocated for the parameters of the local reinforcement patches. Therefore, in the current contribution a tolerance optimization method is presented identifying optimal tolerance values for the design parameters of the reinforcements with respect to the structural behavior. This includes the discussion of challenges regarding the suitable parametrization and modeling of local reinforcement patches for variation simulation based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the usage of surrogate modeling to reduce the computational effort of structural analyses, as well as an approach to penalize tight tolerances of different parameter types. The proposed tolerance optimization is applied to a use case. Tolerances for the patch parameters are optimized, meeting the structural quality constraints of the composite structure.
Effects of temperature change on the rheological property of modified multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Hu Weipeng , Wang Zhen , Huai Yulu , Feng Xiqiao , Song Wenqi , Deng Zichen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSolvent-free nanofluids hold promise for many technologically significant applications. The liquid-like behavior, a typical rheological property of solvent-free nanofluids, has aroused considerable interests. However, there has been still lack of efficient methods to predict and control the liquid-like behavior of solvent-free nanofluids. In this paper, we propose a semi-discrete dynamic system with stochastic excitation describing the temperature change effects on the rheological property of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by grafting sulfonic acid terminated organosilanes as corona and tertiary amine as canopy, which is a typical covalent-type solvent-free nanofluid system. The vibration of the grafting branches is simulated by employing a structure-preserving approach, and the shear force of grafting branches at the fixed end is computed subsequently. By taking the shear forces as an excitation acting on the MWCNTs, the axial motion of the MWCNTs is solved with the 7-point Gauss-Kronrod quadrature rule. The critical temperature associated with the appearance of the liquid-like behavior as well as the upper bound of the moving speed of the modified MWCNTs is determined, which can be used to predict and control the liquid-like behavior of the modified MWCNTs in engineering applications.
How to Start a Fight: A Qualitative Video Analysis of the Trajectories Toward Violence Based on Phone-Camera Recorded Fights
Authors: Weenink Don , Tuma René , van Bruchem Marly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe aim to contribute to recent situational approaches to the study of interpersonal violence by elaborating the concept of trajectories. Trajectories are communicative processes in which antagonists act upon each other’s bodily and verbal actions to project a direction for the interaction to take, which is then (con) tested in the exchanges that follow. We use the notion of trajectories to gain insight in how participants turn an antagonistic situation into a violent encounter, which we contrast to interactionist and micro-sociological understandings. Using ethnomethodological and conversation analytical tools, we detail the trajectories of three violent encounters, captured on phone camera recordings to answer the question how verbal and bodily exchanges project physical violence. Methodologically, our contribution shows how bodily actions can be studied in visual data. Our cases show how antagonists move the interaction toward violence by creating a metaconflict revolving around the conditions under which the interaction will become a physical confrontation; what we call the contested projection of violence. We conclude that the concept of trajectories offers a useful analytical tool to detail the shifts and turns of the interactive process—notably it’s bodily dimensions— that characterize antagonism and violence. Substantially, our analysis raises questions about conceptualizations of the emotional dynamics (notably the role of dominance) of violence, as proposed by earlier micro-sociological and interactionist work. We therefore suggest that future studies engage with these issues in more detail and in larger datasets.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Prepregnancy BMI and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain Using Asian-Specific Cutoffs Among Asian and Mixed-Asian Women Living in Hawaii: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Daida Y. , Pedula K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The use of Asian-specific Body Mass Index (aBMI) cutoffs may be more appropriate than general World Health Organization BMI (gBMI) cutoffs in determining recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) for Asian women. Since aBMI cutoffs are lower than gBMI, more Asian women will be reclassified into higher aBMI categories from gBMI. The prevalence of reclassification and its impact on GWG are not known.

Methods
We utilized the electronic health records of 8886 Kaiser Permanente Hawaii members aged ≥ 18 with a singleton live birth. Prepregnancy BMI was first classified using gBMI criteria, then aBMI criteria. BMI categories were “underweight”, “normal”, “overweight” and “obese”; GWG was classified into lower (“lGWG”), met (“mGWG”), and exceed (“eGWG”) GWG per WHO recommendations. Self-reported race/ethnicity include Asian, Asian + Pacific Islander, and Asian + white. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds of reclassification. The Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel test was used to evaluate associations between race/ethnicity and GWG.

Results
> 40% of women in each racial/ethnic group were reclassified. Asian + Pacific Islander women had significantly higher odds of being reclassified (p < .0001). In the normal gBMI and aBMI category, Asian + Pacific Islander women had the largest eGWG group. In the overweight gBMI category, Asian + Pacific Islander women had the largest eGWG group; in the overweight aBMI category, Asian + white women had the largest eGWG group.

Discussion
A sizable percent of women were reclassified into higher BMI categories when aBMI was applied. Mixed-race Asian women were more likely to exceed GWG recommendations than Asian women.
Kundenseitige Akzeptanz digitaler Finanzassistenten
Authors: Kwasniok Sascha , Bora Stefan 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren auf Kundenseite die Nutzungseinstellung zu digitalen Finanzassistenten beeinflussen. Digitale Finanzassistenten bilden dabei Online-Anwendungen, die Nutzern über mehrere Banken und Versicherer eine integrierte Darstellung ihrer gesamten Finanz- und Absicherungssituation erlauben. Für die Untersuchung werden Erkenntnisse der Technologieakzeptanzforschung (vor allem „Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)“) und der Forschung zur Nutzung internetbasierter Technologien (vor allem „Internet Users’ Information Privacy Concern (IUIPC)“) verwendet. Das abgeleitete Erklärungsmodell wird auf Grundlage einer Online-Befragung (n = 2054) zunächst überprüft. Anschließend erfolgt eine explorative Modellmodifikation mittels einer Faktorenanalyse über alle verwendeten Frage-Items. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten multiplen linearen Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass der wahrgenommene Nutzen, das Anbietervertrauen sowie die persönliche Innovationsbereitschaft und die wahrgenommene Kompatibilität mit dem eigenen Lebensstil einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Einstellung zu digitalen Finanzassistenten nehmen. Die Studienergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für die Versicherungspraxis bezüglich der Gestaltung und Ausrichtung digitaler Finanzassistenten.
Asian-Pacific consensus on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal disorders: An initiative of the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C. , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Ghoshal Ujjala , Misra Asha , Puri Amarender Singh , Pratap Nitesh , Shah Ayesha , Rahman M. Masudur , Gwee Kok Ann , Tan Victoria P Y , Ahmed Tahmeed , Lee Yeong Yeh , Ramakrishna B S , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Rana S V , Sinha Saroj K , Chen Minhu , Kim Nayoung , Holtmann Gerald 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the clinical setting, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a frequent, but under-diagnosed entity. SIBO is linked to various gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI disorders with potentially significant morbidity. The optimal management of SIBO is undefined while there is a lack of published consensus guidelines. Against this background, under the auspices of the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association (INMA), formerly known as the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association (IMFDA), experts from the Asian-Pacific region with extensive research and clinical experience in the field of gut dysbiosis including SIBO developed this evidence-based practice guideline for the management of SIBO utilizing a modified Delphi process based upon 37 consensus statements, involving an electronic voting process as well as face-to-face meetings and review of relevant supporting literature. These statements include 6 statements on definition and epidemiology; 11 on etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology; 5 on clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and predictors; and 15 on investigations and treatment. When the proportion of those who voted either to accept completely or with minor reservations was 80% or higher, the statement was regarded as accepted. The members of the consensus team consider that this guideline would be valuable to inform clinical practice, teaching, and research on SIBO in the Asian-Pacific region as well as in other countries.
Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Evans Mark , McClure Tyler S. , Koutnik Andrew P. , Egan Brendan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) have pleiotropic effects in multiple organs including brain, heart, and skeletal muscle by serving as an alternative substrate for energy provision, and by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, catabolic processes, and gene expression. Of particular relevance to athletes are the metabolic actions of ketone bodies to alter substrate utilisation through attenuating glucose utilisation in peripheral tissues, anti-lipolytic effects on adipose tissue, and attenuation of proteolysis in skeletal muscle. There has been long-standing interest in the development of ingestible forms of ketone bodies that has recently resulted in the commercial availability of exogenous ketone supplements (EKS). These supplements in the form of ketone salts and ketone esters, in addition to ketogenic compounds such as 1,3-butanediol and medium chain triglycerides, facilitate an acute transient increase in circulating AcAc and βHB concentrations, which has been termed ‘acute nutritional ketosis’ or ‘intermittent exogenous ketosis’. Some studies have suggested beneficial effects of EKS to endurance performance, recovery, and overreaching, although many studies have failed to observe benefits of acute nutritional ketosis on performance or recovery. The present review explores the rationale and historical development of EKS, the mechanistic basis for their proposed effects, both positive and negative, and evidence to date for their effects on exercise performance and recovery outcomes before concluding with a discussion of methodological considerations and future directions in this field.