bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seagrass rehabilitation in Thousand Islands, Jakarta: step to restore
Authors: Darus R F , Agus S B , Kurniawan F , Juraij  , Subarno T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Seagrass plays an essential role in coastal areas with ecological functions as a marine habitat, sediment trap, sediment stabilizer, nutrients filter, and dampen current. Fisheries and tourism are the seagrass ecosystem services that are the primary community livelihood in Thousand Island. However, seagrass condition has decreased in the last decade, influenced by coastal development, mass tourism, and climate change. This study aims to assessed the seagrass status and identify the threat in the last decade. Seagrass coverage was assessed in 2007 and 2018 using plot transect, and then seagrass threats were documented and collected from research articles, manuscripts, proceedings, and unpublished reports. Seagrass coverage has significantly decreased on Thousand Islands. Seagrass threats include pollution, reclamation, vessel activities, mass tourism, coastal development, climate change, and biotic factors (macroalgae and epiphyte coverage). The threats impact seagrass conditions, such as species diversity, area, and ecosystem services. Rehabilitation is needed to recover seagrass conditions using a direct or indirect approach. These findings recommend that managers should arrange the seagrass rehabilitation action plan to minimize seagrass degradation.
Value estimating of the sedimentation rate at the shipwreck sites (MV Boelongan Nederland) the Mandeh Bay Region-Pesisir Selatan Regency
Authors: Hermon D , Gusman M , Putra A , Dewata I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sufficiently high sediment deposit at the shipwreck diving site (MV Boelongan Nederland) the Mandeh bay region - Pesisir Selatan Regency due to infrastructure development has resulted in significant changes in the physical environment and may affect the existence of the shipwreck diving site. The analysis method regarding the sedimentation rate is carried out based on data from sediment traps that have been installed at the location of the shipwreck diving site, river flow, and river estuary. Based on the sedimentation rate measurement from the sediment trap, there is a close relationship between the sediment supply of the Mandeh river flow and the Nyalo river flow that affects the sedimentation rate at the shipwreck diving site. Where it was found the sedimentation rate in the shipwreck diving site was 15,33 g.m-2day-1. With the condition of the waters of Mandeh bay region being semi-closed from open water, it is suspected that the sediment contributed from these rivers is mostly trapped and settled in these water areas.
A Review on the difference of physical and mechanical properties of bioplastic from seaweed hydrocolloids with various plasticizers
Authors: Budiman M A , Uju  , Tarman K 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeaweed hydrocolloids such as alginate and carrageenan extracted from brown and red algae have the potential to be developed as bioplastic. Bioplastic is a polymer from natural materials that are biodegradable. Alginate and carrageenan-based bioplastics are brittle and inelastic. Plasticizers such as glycerol, sorbitol and polyethylene glycol can be added to formulate plastic to improve its properties. The aim of the research was to review the physico-chemical properties of the bioplastic made from seaweed hydrocolloids with various additions of plasticizers. The data used in this study were taken from several accredited national journals and international publications. The data were presented quantitatively and synthesized narratively to answer the hypothesis of the study. The results showed that the addition of plasticizer in bioplastic preparation affected the physico-chemical properties of bioplastics. The thickness and elongation at break of bioplastic increased after the addition of plasticizers. However, the tensile strength of the bioplastic has decreased after added with plasticizer.
Study of law on Indonesian migrant fishers’ protection in foreign fishing vessels
Authors: Mustofa A , Solihin A , Desyana C , Hardianto B T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The protection of crew members on foreign fishing vessels is a common concern, both in the world and in Indonesia. This is due to the many cases of violations of Indonesian crew members on foreign fishing vessels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of crew protection on foreign fishing vessels based on international law and Indonesian laws and regulations, as well as their implementation. This research is descriptive by using normative juridical methods on international law and national law, and comparative juridical which compares international law and national law, as well as empirical juridical on the implementation of human rights protection in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that international law protects crew members related to certification standards and training standards, ship construction standards, and decent working conditions standards. Meanwhile, Indonesian national law is in accordance with international law, except for the absence of standard ship construction standards. The implementation of human rights protection found that there were violations of human rights related to salaries that were not in accordance with the contract and working hours that exceeded the limit.
The effect of addition mangrove leaves powder to lipid oxidation of chocolate bar during the shelf life
Authors: Ratrinia P W , Sumartini  , Komala U I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mangrove leaves consist of antioxidants to covert the nutritional value during storage, to the handling of radical scavenging and lipid oxidation. Many kinds of mangrove species such as Avicennia officinalis (AO), Avicennia marina (AM), and Rhizophora apiculata (RA) with contains an antioxidant such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponin. The study was aimed to determine FFA Value, Peroxide Value (PV), vitamin C, and antioxidant activity of chocolate by adding mangrove leaves powder (A. officinalis, A. marina, and R. apiculata) during storage 14 days at ambient temperature. The design used in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) using three different treatments for variety mangrove leaves powder. The test method used in this study are testing FFA Value, Peroxide Value (PV), vitamin C, and antioxidant activity. The statistical analysis used in this study is the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95. %. The addition of mangrove leaf powder affects biochemical changes in chocolate products during 14 days of storage. The addition of R. apiculata leaf powder can slow the increase in FFA and PV levels and decrease antioxidant activity in chocolate bar products during the shelf life. In addition, the addition of Avicennia marina leaf powder can slow down the decrease in vitamin C levels due to the storage process. The results of Vitamin C test from chocolate with the addition of Avicennia marina leaf powder during storage for 14 days decreased by 0.18%, Avicennia officinalis 0.19%, and Rhizophora apiculata 0.35%.
Beach recreation suitability and carrying capacity estimations for tourism development in Cianjur, West Java
Authors: Kelana P P , Pamungkas W , Arkham M N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cianjur, West Java, has the potential for beach recreation tourism development object. This research was conducted to analyze beach recreational suitability and carrying capacity estimations. The survey method is used for data collection. The parameters observed were the physical appearance of the beach, dangerous biota, supporting facilities, and infrastructure. Data processing was performed to calculate the value of the beach recreation suitability index in order to determine the category of tourism suitability and calculate the carrying capacity of the tourism area. Based on the result of this research, the percentage value of the suitability of 6 beaches ranges from 42.59%-77.77%. There are 4 locations categorized as very suitable, while 1 location is categorized as in accordance with the requirements, and 1 location is categorized as not suitable. The smallest carrying capacity of beach recreation and beach sports tourism object is Batu Kukumbung beach, with 140 people/day, while the largest is Tipar Sunlight Beach, with 5139 people/day. This research suggests that Jayanti Beach is a priority for developing beach recreation tourism locations in Cianjur with a slight increase in facilities.
The joint efforts of the parties to realize ICM conception for the sustainability: Lesson learned the interagency coordinating mechanism in Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Isdahartati  , Solihin A , Damar A , Narcise C I S , Kurniawan T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The high potential of coastal and marine resources in Sukabumi Regency has a large complexity of problems between agencies, so it needs to be managed and planned in an integrated and coordinated manner in its management efforts. sustainability of coastal and marine resources with an Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) approach. In line with Pemsea’s ICM framework. The coordination mechanism through this institution has been implemented by Sukabumi Regency since 2014 as stated in the SK PCC and PMO of the ICM Institution with the Regent’s Decree No. 213 of 2003 and the revision of the Regent’s Decree 660.1/Kep.579-BLH/2014 consisting of 40 Regional Government Units (OPD), community groups and NGOs which are the main keys in determining the strategic plan for coastal areas and small islands of Sukabumi Regency and revised in 2016. The inter-agency coordination mechanism, one of the main dynamics, plays a key role in determining the strategic plan for the coastal and small islands of Sukabumi Regency as well as approving and establishing the annual work plan and financing plan for the implementation by PMO in Sukabumi Regency, such as the integrated environmental monitoring program (IEMP), geopark development, waste management in turtle control at Pangumbahan beach. Each program implemented is the result which consists of identification, program planning, program implementation, adoption, and monitoring and evaluation. The purpose of this activity is to find out how it operates and is maintained and how it has been implemented to address priority issues.
Distribution of saxitoxin producing algae in Jakarta Bay and the implication to saxitoxin concentration in green mussel
Authors: Dwiyitno D , Barokah G R , Rustiani R K , Wibowo S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Harmful algae blooms (HABs) have been associated with an annual incidence in Jakarta Bay. The The present study aimed to investigate the concentration of dinoflagellates producing saxitoxins (STXs) in Cilincing and Kalibaru regions and the STXs concentration in mussel species from this coastal water. A sampling of phytoplankton, green mussel (Perna viridis), and environmental parameters were measured during the transition from wet to dry season. The water nutrients of the Cilincing region, mainly nitrite and ammonia in some green mussel aquaculture, have exceeded the recommended concentration to support the eutrophication/algae bloom. The N/P ratio at the study area was between 10 and 22. Plankton identification found STXs producing dinoflagellates, i.e., Alexandrium sp. and Gymnodinium sp. Other species of dinoflagellates and diatom showed predominantly to trigger algae Bloom, such as Skeletonema sp., Chaetoceros sp., Prorocentrum sp., Gonyaulax sp., Protoperidinium sp., and Nitzchia sp. Further analysis of saxitoxin in mussel samples from Cilincing and Kalibar showed STX concentrations of 10.15 μg/100 g and 21.24 μg/100 g, respectively, which is fairly below the official maximum limit (80 μg/100 g) as set by FAO/WHO or national standard.
The perspective of high coral growth rate on the artificial reef: what is causing enhancement of coral growth rate on Nyamuk Island, Anambas?
Authors: Prabowo B , Rikardi N , Setiawan M A , Santoso P , Arafat D , Subhan B , Afandy A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The coral growth rate is affected by several ecological conditions, which could lead to enhancement or deceleration. Good marine habitat and water conditions would escalate coral fragment growth rate on rehabilitation sites. This study was assessed to determine the coral growth rate transplanted on artificial reef-building for rehabilitation purposes and indicated the main driving factors that enhance coral growth rate at Nyamuk Island, Anambas. Benthic communities, coral length, and coral growth rate compared through the year. Analysis of variances and Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to indicated differences between variables and analyse driving factors of coral growth rate. Hard coral and sand coverage increasing during observation. Coral length based indicated constant escalation. However, coral growth yearly showed fluctuation with peak growth from 2014 to 2015. PCA exhibited hard coral, dead coral with algae, sponge, and sand played an important role in supporting coral growth on rehabilitation at Anambas. Available niche for other marine faunas built by artificial reef-building could support to preserve of the coral fragments. Acquisitions of hard coral by coral fragments could be supported by good natural hard coral coverage in the habitat. Herbivorous is one factor that could support recent coral reefs.
The social-ecological dynamic of small-scale fisheries in Coastal Area of Dumai City
Authors: Arkham M N , Krisnafi Y , Hutapea R Y F , Ikhsan S A , Tiku M , Mardiah R S , Kelana P P , Haris R B K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Small-scale fishery activities that often occur in coastal areas Dumai City are part of the socio-ecological system, where the waters around the coastal areas provide services to several fishermen who live around and are interrelated with each other. This study aimed to identify the dynamic of social and ecological systems to the sustainability of small-scale fisheries in the waters of Dumai City. The are 3 research location in village, namely Pelintung, Tanjung Palas, and Bangsal Aceh. The research method is a survey using interview techniques with a questionnaire. The data analysis in this research is descriptive qualitative, fishing gear productivity, fishermen’s income, and the relationship dynamics of the catch. The social characteristics of fishermen can be shown from their education, where most of the fishermen in Dumai City have elementary school education. The wives of fishers in Dumai City are mostly still taking care of the household, and only a few are processing fish. Fishers in Dumai City also carry out the duration of fishing operations based on the type of fishing gear (gillnet, scoop net, and portable trap). For the last seven years, the productivity of fishing with gillnet fishing gear has increased, while for scoop net and portable trap fishing gear, it has tended to decrease. The RPUE value of gillnet fishers shows the highest profit, where the average income in one trip is IDR 1,086,050.00 compared to other fishers. The fishermen’s perception also shows that the catch of gillnet fishers during the last five years has increased.
Potential various mangrove fruit extract as a bacterial growth resistor in Euthynnus affinis
Authors: Harahap K S , Sumartini  , Ikhsan S A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research study effect of various mangrove fruit submersion as a bacterial growth resistor is in Euthynnus affinis in the process of preserving the fish. The designed used in this research was with theexperimental design using 4 treatments (Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp., and Bruguierra sp.) mangrove extract with submersion fruit: water (3:1). The parameters being observed included the organoleptic test, total plate count number test, pH test, moisture content and protein content. The result of the study showed that the lowest total bacterial colonies were found in the treatment of Avicennia sp. mangrove’s fruit extract, which was 7,78×103 col/gr. The use of mangrove fruit extract in this study was able to extend the shelfshelf life for fresh fish for one week with refrigerated temperature.
Entropy generation in electroosmotically aided peristaltic pumping of MoS2 Rabinowitsch nanofluid
Authors: Akram Javaria , Akbar Noreen Sher , Tripathi Dharmendra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main emphasis of this article is to compare the heat transfer performance of two different nanofluids i.e. carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) + water-based molybdenum dioxide (MoS2) nanofluid and kerosene oil-based molybdenum dioxide nanofluid during the fluid flow through a symmetric microchannel which is pumped by the mechanism of peristalsis and electroosmosis. The energy dissipated by Joule heating and viscous dissipation is also taken into account. An analysis of volumetric entropy generation is also conducted. Rabinowitsch fluid model is employed to characterize the shear-thinning behavior of CMC + water solution and Newtonian fluid properties of kerosene oil. The mathematical model for the problem is formulated by the Navier–Stokes, energy equation, and Buongiorno fluid model in combination with the Corcione model for thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid. Further, the Poisson–Boltzmann equation is utilized to compute the potential generated across the electric double layer. The homotopy perturbation technique is employed to compute the approximate solutions for temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction and exact solutions are obtained for velocity and the stream function. Salient features of the fluid flow are illustrated with the aid of graphical results. Contour plots for stream function are prepared for flow visualization. A comparison of heat transfer performance and entropy generation between both working fluids is presented. It is observed that aqueous solution modified by CMC and nanoparticles possess a higher heat transfer tendency and less entropy is generated in this case when compared with other nanofluid i.e. MoS2/kerosene oil nanofluid under the same physical conditions. It is further noted that fluid flow can be controlled by the strength of the applied electric field. Upon increasing electroosmotic parameters, there is a very minute rise in volumetric entropy generation in the case of MoS2/CMC + water nanofluid. However, there is a substantial rise in entropy generation for MoS2/kerosene oil nanofluid.
Evaluation of nonlinear behavior of Airy, cos-Airy, and cosh-Airy beams with and without optical vortex
Authors: Habibi Forouzan , Moradi Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate Airy, cos-Airy, and cosh-Airy beam lasers with optical vortex (OV). Then, taking into account the Fourier transform, we examine and compare the propagation of these beams in a strong nonlinear system. The results indicate that by changing the input power p
0 and the parameters b and propagation length, the location of OV displaces. It is shown that nonlinearity is one of the parameters that control OV in optical systems used in these types of lasers. An important property in these beams is their direction variation due to the change in the mentioned parameters, which can be used in applications such as beam switching.
Propagation dynamics of vector vortex beams in a strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium with parity-time-symmetric potentials
Authors: Yao Gang , Chew Khian-Hooi , Wu Yan , Li Yuhua , Chen Rui-Pin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate the dynamical properties of a vector vortex optical field (VVOF) in a strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium (SNNM) with sine and cosine parity-time-symmetric potentials (SCPT) by using the coupled vector Snyder-Mitchell model. Our study shows that the shape of the optical field is chaotically distorted in different propagation distances due to the modulation of complex refractive index. Despite the distorted optical field, the VVOF reciprocally evolves in a periodic stretch and shrink behavior during propagation in the SNNM-SCPT. The reciprocal conversions between the linear and circular polarizations periodically occur during propagation. The evolution of VVOF and the linear and circular polarization conversions are strongly dependent on the modulation of the complex refractive index, the initial powers and the vortex topological charge numbers. These results can provide a new way to complexly manipulate the VVOF in a SNNM-SCPT.
Microstructure, wear and electrochemical behaviors of laser cladding Fe-based coatings with various molybdenum contents
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Qian , Zhang Liang , Chen Dong Xu , Jin Hui , Li Ji Dong , Zhang Jun Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fe-based alloy coatings with different Mo contents were fabricated on 45 steel substrates by laser cladding. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze the phase composition and microstructural evolution of the coatings. The effects of Mo addition on the wear and electrochemical behaviors of the coatings were analyzed by ball-on-disc wear tester and electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the addition of Mo could help refine grains and promote the transition of dendrites to equiaxed grains. With the increase of Mo content, the hard phases changed from Fe2B to Mo2FeB2. Mo and Cr tended to aggregate in the intercrystalline regions in the form of hard phases. When the Mo content was 4.8 wt%, the hardness increased by 3.6 times compared with that of the substrate. The wear resistance of the coatings increased with the Mo addition. Mo played the role of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening, which was beneficial for the improvement of the hardness and wear resistance. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results revealed that the addition of Mo could improve the corrosion resistance of Fe-based coating.
Image quality of dual-energy cone-beam CT with total nuclear variation regularization
Authors: Schröder Lukas , Stankovic Uros , Rit Simon , Sonke Jan-Jakob 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite the improvements in image quality of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, application remains limited to patient positioning. In this study, we propose to improve image quality by dual energy (DE) imaging and iterative reconstruction using least squares fitting with total variation (TV) regularization. The generalization of TV called total nuclear variation (TNV) was used to generate DE images. We acquired single energy (SE) and DE scans of an image quality phantom (IQP) and of an anthropomorphic human male phantom (HMP). The DE scans were dual arc acquisitions of 70 kV and 130 kV with a variable dose partitioning between low energy (LE) and high energy (HE) arcs. To investigate potential benefits from a larger spectral separation between LE and HE, DE scans with an additional 2 mm copper beam filtration in the HE arc were acquired for the IQP. The DE TNV scans were compared to SE scans reconstructed with FDK and iterative TV with varying parameters. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), spatial frequency, and structural similarity (SSIM) were used as image quality metrics. Results showed largely improved image quality for DE TNV over FDK for both phantoms. DE TNV with the highest dose allocation in the LE arm yielded the highest CNR. Compared to SE TV, these DE TNV results had a slightly lower CNR with similar spatial resolution for the IQP. A decrease in the dose allocated to the LE arm improved the spatial resolution with a trade-off against CNR. For the HMP, DE TNV displayed a lower CNR and/or lower spatial resolution depending on the reconstruction parameters. Regarding the SSIM, DE TNV was superior to FDK and SE TV for both phantoms. The additional beam filtration for the IQP led to improved image quality in all metrics, surpassing the SE TV results in CNR and spatial resolution.