bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision status and reading test results in Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Hagen Lene , Gilson Stuart J. , Baraas Rigmor C. 
Published: January 2022

Uncorrected vision anomalies may cause headaches and may affect reading and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the frequency of vision anomalies, frequency of eye examinations, and use of corrective eye wear in adolescents in Norway, and to explore whether such vision anomalies affect reading test results or frequency of headaches. A cross-sectional study was performed in 436 adolescents (42.0% males) aged 16–19 years living in South-East Norway. Cycloplegic autorefraction, habitual stereoacuity, and habitual monocular amplitudes of accommodation were measured, and all participants reported the frequency of eye examinations, the use of spectacles and/or contact lens wear, and the frequency of headaches. Reading comprehension and decoding skills were evaluated for a subgroup of the participants (189 participants, 34.4% males) by their performance in national reading tests. Vision anomalies were defined as having refractive errors, poor habitual stereoacuity, or poor habitual amplitude of accommodation in at least one eye. Overall, 44.0% were classified as having a refractive error, and a total of 61.9% were measured to have vision anomalies. More frequent headaches were associated with poor habitual amplitude of accommodation when adjusted for sex (p = 0.04). The frequency of poor reading comprehension was higher in the group of adolescents with vision anomalies (n = 109, 31.2%) compared with those with no vision anomalies (n = 80, 18.8%; p = 0.05). Of those with vision anomalies, 33.5% had never had an eye examination, and 63.9% reported not wearing a correction. In Norway, there is no mandatory vision screening after 4 years of age. The results here show that a nation-wide programme of regular eye examinations and proper treatment of vision anomalies for all children and adolescents in Norway should be considered. Identifying and treating children with common eye problems in primary and secondary school will improve educational attainment and increase each child’s chances of succeeding in further education.
Effectiveness of Match Technique to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery based on Gender
Authors: Destika Via 
Published: January 2022

This research that belongs to quantitative research aims at finding the effectiveness of make a match technique to improve students’ vocabulary based on gender. The instrument given to the students was vocabulary in the context of a descriptive text. The subject of this research consisted of 25 students. This research only used experimental class for this research. The result of this research, there were significant improvement between pre-test and post-test score. The result obtained from sample T-test, it was found that the p value (0,000) was lower than 0.05 and t-observed (25.296) was higher than t-table (2.064). While the result of differences score between female and male based on post test, the p value (.859) was higher than 0.05, there were not significant differences of vocabulary score between female and male. So, this technique make students interesting in teaching and learning vocabulary, this technique also helps students to understand about material easily.
Aspetti del modernismo fascista (Italia, Francia, Germania: 1918-1939)
Authors: Cangiano Mimmo 
Published: January 2022

La cultura fascista è spesso associata con un’attitudine anti-modernista. In realtà, come questo articolo intende dimostrare, tematiche moderniste attraversano costantemente la cultura di estrema destra in Italia come in Francia e in Germania. Diversamente dal libro ormai canonico di Roger Griffin (Modernism and Fascism, 2007), questo articolo non analizza il mito della ‘rigenerazione’ etnico-nazionale (mito che, sostengo, è presente anche nelle prospettive anti-moderniste), ma focalizza in particolare sulla glorificazione culturale dell’industria e della tecnica, e poi sulla riconciliazione dell’arte con lo scenario industriale. Attraverso un’ampia ricognizione del milieu culturale francese, tedesco e italiano, l’articolo presenta al lettore una prima mappatura concernente la complessa relazione fra modernismo e cultura fascista.
Momentum budget of low level westerly jet during monsoon onset
Authors: JOSAN P. S. 
Published: January 2022

In this paper a diagnostic study is carried Out to the source and sink terms for the formation and acceleration/deceleration of low level westerly Jet during monsoon onset. For this purpose momentum budget technique is used. The budget equation is derived in the (x.y.p.t) system. The area is confined to a small box the boundaries over the central Arabian Sea the westerly flow prominent during the onset of monsoon. Each tem in the budget equation is calculated separately. FGG E III b. 1200 UTC data set is used for the analysis. The Coriolis force term is found to be sink term rather than a source tern Tram. Transient north-south term is prominent source terms when time averaged momentum budget is considered. When the time averaged momentum budget for each pressure slab is considered. it is concluded that, north-south force terms are prominent source terms of momentum for all slabs and large .cumulus type convection may contribute to frictional dissipation of momentum for the upper pressure slabs. Frictional force is the main sink term when one examines the momentum budget for each day and the source term are varying day-by-day. On the average, the jet is accelerated during the period. It is also found that the net momentum tendency is small and oscillatory in nature. it is also found that at Minicoy. rainfall is inversely related to momentum tendency and whenever westerly jet is strong (weak) the rainfall is less (more). Distribution of U-momentum is also found to be oscillatory ill nature.
Long-range prediction of monsoon onset over Kerala
Authors: RAJEEVAN M. , DUBEY D. P. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. Using the data of 33 years ( 1961-1993) the effect of the intensity of heat low over central India during the Month of April and Winter (December to February) Eurasian snow cover on interannual variation of monsoon date over Kerala were examined.
Composite mean surface temperature over central India during the month of April was higher during early onset years by 3.5° C. April mean surface temperature index (MST) and Winter (December to February) Eurasian snow cover (WSC) are significantly correlated with Monsoon onset dates al 1% and 5% significant levels respectively. Lower surface temperature and excessive snow cover indicate a late onset.
A regression equation was developed for long range prediction of onset date over Kerala using MST and WSC as independent variables. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the relationship was found to be 4.6 days. The model was tested using independent data of five years and was found performing well.
Contingency tables were developed between the pairs MOD and WSC and MOD and MST. The tables can be used for probability forecasts of early and late onset years.
Does precipitation pattern foretell climatic shift over Punjab state ?
Authors: LAL BHUKAN , LAKSHMANASWAMY B. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. Statistical analysis of 82-years (1901-1982) record of precipitation from 27 rain-recording stations in Punjab state of lndia has been carried out to assess the climate shift if any in the state. The central part of the study is the trend and spectrum analysis of annual. monsoon and winter rainfall of different stations in the region. It is seen that frequency distribution of 19 rainfall series out of 81 series is normally distributed. Maikov linear type of persistence is observed in some of the rainfall series. Marin-Kendall test indicates the decreasing trend in winter rainfall of all the stations and is found to be significant in case of Amritsar, Taran Taran, Tanda, Ludhiana and Ranike. Low-pass filter reveals that trend is not linear but oscillatory consisting of periods of 10 years or more. It is seen that winter rainfall of most of the stations exhibits the decreasing trend from 1935-40 to 1965-70. It is also revealed by the low-pass filter curves that winter rainfall of all t1le sla1ions remained below average from 1960 till the end of the study period.
The spectral analysis indicates a significant cycle of 4.1 to 27 years in some of the stations and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations (QBO) over many stations.
GÖRMENİN POLİTİKASI ve SANAT TARİHİNDE ERKEN KAMUSAL İMGE KURGUSU: ASUR DUVAR KABARTMALARI
Authors: SELÇUK N. Müge 
Published: January 2022

Yerleşik yaşantıyla görülen kamuya yönelik anıtsal imgelerin, biçimsel unsurlarında politik yaklaşımlar gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, öncelikle üretimin sürekliliğinin merkezindeki bilince ait (iktidar sahipleri) farkındalık ve manipülatif bir tutum olarak ele alınabilir. Çünkü zihnin manipüle edilmesi, imgelerle yaratılan yanılsama ile mümkün olmuştur. Bu araştırma; öncelikle imgeyi anlamlandırmada, zihinsel sürecin fiziksel ilk aşaması “görme” davranışı ve ardından beyinde gelişen psikolojik bildirimleri tartışmaktadır. Bu amaçla kitleler için üretilen anıtsal imge örneklerinin, muhatabı için ne tür işlevleri olduğu soruşturulmuştur.
Sanatın erken örnekleri olarak kamusal imgelerin göndergesel niteliğinin tarihsel veriler ışığında sorgulanması, sanat fenomeninin kökenine yönelik kavrayışa katkı olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
Araştırma kapsamında, katı iktidar politikaları ile yayılmacı anlayışı benimseyen ve siyaset araçlarına kamusal imgeyi dâhil eden, Asur medeniyetine ait duvar kabartmaları analiz edilmiştir.
An exploration into the contributing cognitive skills of lifeguard visual search
Authors: Laxton Victoria , Mackenzie Andrew K. , Crundall David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLifeguard drowning detection in swimming pools and beach settings is influenced by experience. The current experiment explores the cognitive skills that might underlie this experience effect. Lifeguard and non‐lifeguard performance in a domain‐free multiple object avoidance (MOA) task and a partially domain‐free functional field of view (FFOV) task was compared to performance on an occlusion‐based drowning detection task. Lifeguards performed better than non‐lifeguards on the MOA task and the FFOV central task (identifying whether an isolated swimmer was drowning). However, only performance in the central FFOV task was associated with performance in the occlusion‐based drowning detection task, and this was the only part of the two tasks that was not domain‐free. These results suggest lifeguard drowning detection is mainly driven through the learned ability to process behaviours of drowning swimmers quicker than non‐lifeguards. Therefore, it may be possible to train novices' ability to detect drowning swimmers through an exposure task.
Country‐Led Approaches in Land Management and Design
Authors: Mouritz Liam , Breedon Alex 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLiam Mouritz, of global multidisciplinary architecture, landscape and urban design practice Hassell, and landscape architect Alex Breedon look at the Australian context of the Green New Deal, arguing that a decolonial cultural shift is occurring and is much needed if methods to mitigate the climate crisis can be equitably sustained. In short, caring for Country is also caring for our collective selves.
Town, Country and Wilderness: Planning the Half‐Earth
Authors: Vettese Troy , Pendergrass Drew , Mesko Filip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTheorists of Half‐Earth Socialism Troy Vettese, Drew Pendergrass and Filip Mesko explain their global societal vision and explore how eco‐socialist planning can create a just and sustainable society. They argue that the problem of land scarcity is an opportunity to erode the separation of city and country, while vast swathes of the world could be rewilded.
Unraveling Heat Transport and Dissipation in Suspended MoSe2 from Bulk to Monolayer
Authors: Saleta Reig David , Varghese Sebin , Farris Roberta , Block Alexander , Mehew Jake D. , Hellman Olle , Woźniak Paweł , Sledzinska Marianna , El Sachat Alexandros , Chávez‐Ángel Emigdio , Valenzuela Sergio O. , van Hulst Niek F. , Ordejón Pablo , Zanolli Zeila , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. , Verstraete Matthieu J. , Tielrooij Klaas‐Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding heat flow in layered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) crystals is crucial for applications exploiting these materials. Despite significant efforts, several basic thermal transport properties of TMDs are currently not well understood, in particular how transport is affected by material thickness and the material's environment. This combined experimental–theoretical study establishes a unifying physical picture of the intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of the representative TMD MoSe2. Thermal conductivity measurements using Raman thermometry on a large set of clean, crystalline, suspended crystals with systematically varied thickness are combined with ab initio simulations with phonons at finite temperature. The results show that phonon dispersions and lifetimes change strongly with thickness, yet the thinnest TMD films exhibit an in‐plane thermal conductivity that is only marginally smaller than that of bulk crystals. This is the result of compensating phonon contributions, in particular heat‐carrying modes around ≈0.1 THz in (sub)nanometer thin films, with a surprisingly long mean free path of several micrometers. This behavior arises directly from the layered nature of the material. Furthermore, out‐of‐plane heat dissipation to air molecules is remarkably efficient, in particular for the thinnest crystals, increasing the apparent thermal conductivity of monolayer MoSe2 by an order of magnitude. These results are crucial for the design of (flexible) TMD‐based (opto‐)electronic applications.
Determination of the kinetics of chlorobenzene nitration using a homogeneously continuous microflow
Authors: Cui Yongjin , Song Jing , Du Chencan , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe nitration of chlorobenzene with concentrated mixed acids is a fast and highly exothermic process, which suffers from considerable mass transfer resistance and poor heat transfer rates. The reaction kinetics has not been thoroughly reported before. In this work, a continuous‐flow microreactor system and a homogeneous reaction condition were proposed to obtain accurate chlorobenzene nitration kinetics parameters at high mixed acid concentrations. A general model for predicting the observed reaction rate constants was established. With a new method for estimating the equilibria associated with HNO3 in aqueous sulfuric acid, the rate constants based on nitronium ion and activation energies were obtained. Compared with batch reactors, the continuous‐flow microreactor system allows for a sufficient heat transfer efficiency and accurate residence time control, making it possible to study the reaction performance more quickly and sensitively. This work may provide a reliable reference for the kinetic study of similar processes.
Efficient separation of 1,3‐butadiene fromC4hydrocarbons by flexible metal–organic framework with gate‐opening effect
Authors: Lu Wang , Huang Hongliang , Hejin Zhu , Yanjiao Chang , Xiangyu Guo , Fan Yang , Zhong Chongli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEfficient and economical separation of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) from C4hydrocarbons is imperative yet challenging in industrial separation processes. Herein, a guest‐induced flexible Mn‐bpdc metal–organic framework (MOF) has been employed to separate C4H6from C4hydrocarbons, includingn‐butene (n‐C4H8),iso‐butene (iso‐C4H8),n‐butane (n‐C4H10), and iso‐butane (iso‐C4H10). Significantly, C4H6can instantaneously induce gate‐opening of Mn‐bpdc MOF at 0.13 bar and 298 K, thus significant amounts of C4H6can be adsorbed, while other C4hydrocarbons cannot induce the gate‐opening even at 1 bar. The uptake selectivities of Mn‐bpdc MOF for C4H6/n‐C4H8and C4H6/iso‐C4H8are up to 40.0 and 45.0 at 298 K and 1 bar, respectively, both surpassing all the reported adsorbents. In addition, breakthrough experiments verify that C4H6/n‐C4H8, C4H6/iso‐C4H8, C4H6/n‐C4H10, C4H6/iso‐C4H10, C4H6/n‐C4H8/n‐C4H10, and C4H6/iso‐C4H8/iso‐C4H10mixtures can be efficiently separated. More importantly, Mn‐bpdc possesses excellent water stability and outstanding regeneration ability for C4H6separation, making it a new benchmark for C4H6purification.
Gilteritinib clinical activity in relapsed/refractory FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia previously treated with FLT3 inhibitors
Authors: Numan Yazan , Abdel Rahman Zaid , Grenet Justin , Boisclair Stephanie , Bewersdorf Jan Philipp , Collins Cailin , Barth Dylan , Fraga Martina , Bixby Dale L. , Zeidan Amer M. , Yilmaz Musa , Desai Pankil , Mannis Gabriel , Deutsch Yehuda E. , Abaza Yasmin , Dinner Shira , Frankfurt Olga , Litzow Mark , Al‐Kali Aref , Foran James M. , Sproat Lisa Z. , Jovanovic Borko , Daver Naval , Perl Alexander E. , Altman Jessica K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGilteritinib is approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an FLT3‐mutation (FLT3mut+). However, the gilteritinib phase 3 ADMIRAL study (Perl et al NEJM 2019) was conducted prior to widespread adoption of either midostaurin as a component of standard intensive induction and consolidation or posttransplant FLT3 inhibitor maintenance. We performed a retrospective analysis using data from 11 US centers and where we identified 113 patients who received gilteritinib alone or as combination therapy for the treatment of R/R FLT3mut+ AML. The composite complete remission (CR) rate (CRc, defined as CR + CRi + CR with incomplete platelet recovery [CRp]) was 48.7% (n = 55). The CRc rate after treatment with gilteritinib in patients who were treated with only prior 7+3 and midostaurin with or without consolidation was 58% with a median survival of 7.8 months. Survival was longest in patients who obtained a CR, particularly a cMRD (clinical minimal or measurable residual disease) negative response; this remained significant after censoring at the time of stem cell transplant. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway activating mutations that are known for gilteritinib resistance (NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11) had lower CRc (35% vs. 60.5%) and lower median overall survival than patients' whose leukemia did not express these mutations (4.9 months vs. 7.8 months) (HR 2.4; 95% CI 1. 5.4) p value <.01.
Improved outcomes among newly diagnosed patients with FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication mutated acute myeloid leukemia treated with contemporary therapy: Revisiting the European LeukemiaNet adverse risk classification
Authors: Reville Patrick K. , Sasaki Koji , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Daver Naval G. , Yilmaz Musa , Dinardo Courtney D. , Short Nicholas J. , Borthakur Gautam , Pemmaraju Naveen , Mehta Rohtesh S. , Pierce Sherry , Konoplev Sergej N. , Khoury Joseph D. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Konopleva Marina Y. , Jabbour Elias , Ravandi Farhad , Kadia Tapan M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMutations in fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene are common genomic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations (FLT3‐ITD) have consistently been shown to be adversely prognostic, particularly those with high allelic ratio (AR). Current AML treatment strategies, including high dose cytarabine, purine analogs, FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i), and with or without allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) have been shown to improve the outcomes in patients with FLT3 mutations. We analyzed a consecutive cohort of newly diagnosed patients with AML treated at a large academic medical center from January 2012 to January 2020. A total of 1576 patients with a new diagnosis of AML were reviewed. Among these, 1438 (91%) had molecular testing for FLT3 mutations and 21% (304/1438) had an FLT3 mutation, including 17% with an FLT3‐ITD mutation. We show that FLT3‐ITD high AR with NPM1 wild‐type have significantly improved survival compared with other European LeukemiaNet (ELN) adverse risk disease. In multivariable cox proportional hazards model of patients receiving intensive or low‐intensity induction regimens, FLT3 mutations did not have prognostic significance. The use of allogeneic SCT in CR1 for patients with FLT3 mutations appears to improve survival, particularly in those with ELN adverse risk disease. Overall, this data highlights the changing prognostic impact of FLT3 mutations in a contemporary era with appropriate use of induction therapy combined with targeted agents and allogenic SCT.
Fluorinated Sulfinates as Source of Alkyl Radicals in the Photo‐Enantiocontrolled β‐Functionalization of Enals
Authors: Rodríguez Ricardo I. , Sicignano Marina , Alemán José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe generation of sulfonyl radicals has long been known as a flexible strategy in a wide range of different sulfonylative transformations. Meanwhile their use in alkylation processes has been somehow limited due to their inherent difficulty in evolving to less‐stable radicals after sulfur dioxide extrusion. Herein we report a convenient strategy that involvesgem‐difluorinated sulfinates as an “upgrading‐mask”, allowing these precursors to decompose into their corresponding alkyl radicals. The electron–donor character of sulfinates in the formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex with transient iminium ions is displayed, achieving the first example of a stereocontrolled light‐driven insertion ofgem‐difluoro derivatives into unsaturated aldehydes. This methodology is compatible with flow conditions, maintaining identical levels of enantiocontrol.
Electropolymerization of Metal Clusters Establishing a Versatile Platform for Enhanced Catalysis Performance
Authors: Wang Yi‐Man , Cai Jinmeng , Wang Qian‐You , Li Yao , Han Zhen , Li Si , Gong Chun‐Hua , Wang Shan , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtomically precise metal clusters are attractive as highly efficient catalysts, but suffer from continuous efficiency deactivation in the catalytic process. Here, we report the development of an efficient strategy that enhances catalytic performance by electropolymerization (EP) of metal clusters into hybrid materials. Based on carbazole ligand protection, three polymerized metal‐cluster hybrid materials, namely Poly‐Cu14cba, Poly‐Cu6Au6cbz and Poly‐Cu6Ag4cbz, were prepared. Compared with isolated metal clusters, metal clusters immobilizing on a biscarbazole network after EP significantly improved their electron‐transfer ability and long‐term recyclability, resulting in higher catalytic performance. As a proof‐of‐concept, Poly‐Cu14cba was evaluated as an electrocatalyst for reducing nitrate (NO3−) to ammonia (NH3), which exhibited ≈4‐fold NH3 yield rate and ≈2‐fold Faraday efficiency enhancement compared to that of Cu14cba with good durability. Similarly, Poly‐Cu6Au6cbz showed 10 times higher photocatalytic efficiency towards chemical warfare simulants degradation than the cluster counterpart.