bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HERBAL RECIPES USED FOR THE TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF INFANTILE DERMATITIS IN ODEDA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Erinoso S. M. , Fawibe O. O. , Oyelakin A. S. , Ajiboye A. A. , Agboola D. A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The period of infancy, spanning through the neonatal stage to two years, is characterized by a series of health
challenges for the affected child and concerned parents. This study conducted in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State,
Nigeria was aimed at investigating the plants used in the traditional management of infantile dermatitis and other neonatal skin
infections with emphasis on the role of SPICES.
Methods: Structured questionnaires (and personal interview) were administered to 36 nursing mothers (age range, 15 – 50) and 30
herbsellers (age range, 21 – 60) in the LGA. The herbsellers prescribed recipes used in the management of general skin diseases
including abscess, chicken pox, eczema, flaky skin spots, measles, rashes, ringworm, and small pox.
Results: The survey yielded 69 plants belonging to 38 families and forming 25 polyherbal and mono-recipes. Fabaceae, Rutaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Poaceae, Meliaceae, and Amaryllidaceae had high species representation. Trees (40.58%) were the
most frequently used plant habit while leaves (40.58%) formed the most frequently used plant part. Decoction and infusion using
pure water were the methods of preparation suggested. Administration ranged from drinking extracts (2-3 teaspoonfuls) three times
daily, to bathing with warm extracts of the plants and the use of coconut oil as cream. Traditional black soap and Shea butter also
featured in the herbal remedy for bath and as cream respectively. Local sponge was preferred for bathing.
Conclusion: This study has documented the alternative medical approach in the management of infantile skin diseases. The cultural
relevance of plants calls for sustainable use of plant resources. This research finds application in primary health care, microbiology,
and in cosmetic industries for the development of new or improved baby skin care products. Further research should be conducted to
confirm the claimed ethnomedicinal values as well as evaluate possible harm of crude plant extracts to skin structures of infants.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE FIBER PRODUCED BY “POCHOTE” CEIBA AESCULIFOLIA SUBSP. PARVIFOLIA
Authors: Franco B.M , JimÃ©nez-Estrada M. , HernÃ¡ndez-HernÃ¡ndez A.B. , HernÃ¡ndez L.B. , Rosas-LÃ³pez R. , DurÃ¡n A. , RodrÃ­guez-Monroy M.A. , Canales-MartÃ­nez M. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The cotton-like fiber from the fruit of Pochote (Ceiba aesculifolia subsp. parvifolia) can be applied to wounds for healing purposes. As microorganisms can infect wounds and hamper the wound healing process, the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the methanolic extract of Pochote fiber. Materials and Methods: The methanolic extract was tested against bacteria and fungi. For bacteria, the Kirby-Baüer disc diffusion and broth dilution methods were employed to determine the MIC and MBC. In addition, bactericidal kinetic curves were generated. The antifungal activity was determined by the radial diffusion method. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and the flavonoid content were determined. Bioassay guided fractionation was also performed.
Results: The methanolic extract showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae (cc). The tested V. cholerae strains were the most sensitive strains, and exhibited a clear CFU size reduction from the bactericidal kinetic curves. The methanolic extract had activity against T. mentagrophytes and R. lilacina . The antioxidant activity (SC50= 36.42 μg/mL) was related to the total phenolic (74.4 mg eAG/g) and flavonoid content (21.982 mg (eQ)/g). The bioassay guided fractionation results suggested that the antimicrobial properties of the extract may act through synergism because the total extract had higher activity against bacteria compared to the collected fractions.
Conclusion: This study scientifically validates the application of the fruit fiber from Pochote as a part of a traditional medicine approach to alleviate infections caused by bacteria and fungi.
THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT AND ENHANCE IMMUNITY FUNCTION OF BU-ZHONG-YI-QIWAN ON S180 TUMOR MICE.
Authors: Hu Fang , Liu Xiaoya , Chen Xinyue , Li Can , Zhu Ruijuan , Han Huan , LI Yingdong , Feng Shilan 
Published: May 2022

Background: To evaluate the preventive effect and enhance immunity functions of Bu-zhong-yi-qi wan in vivo.
Materials and Methods: S180 tumor mice model was established by subcutaneous injection a dose of 0.2 ml (1×107/ml) at the right
oxter. The inhibitory rates, spleen indexes and thymus indexes were calculated. Splenic lymphocyte proliferative activity assay and
phagocytosis activity of peritoneal macrophages were done. Interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL-2) and tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α) in
serum were detected.
Results: In the S180 tumor-bearing mice, Bu-zhong-yi-qi wan with medium-dose (975 mg/kg, 100 mg/l) had potent preventive effect and
anti-tumor effect, macrophage phagocytosis and Con A-stimulated splenocyte proliferation were increased as compared with model
control treatment. Bu-zhong-yi-qi wan could take part in the immune response by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of Tcells,
increasing the activity of the macrophages, inducing the generation of cell factor IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ.
Conclusion: It proved that Bu-zhong-yi-qi wan of medium-dose had great preventive effect and could enhance immunity function.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF EUCALYPTUS SPP. AND PISTASCIA LENTISCUS LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: Qabaha Khaled , Ras Sari Abu , Abbadi Jehad , Al-Rimawi Fuad 
Published: May 2022

Background: Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus are among the Palestinian trees that are traditionally used in folkloric medicine in
treating many diseases; leaves of which are thought to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The goal of this
study is to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus extracts on Lipopolysacaride (LPS)-induced
Interlukin-6 (Il-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) by polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNCs).
Materials and Methods: Polymorphonuclear cells were isolated from the whole blood using Histopaque (Ficol-1077) method and then
cultured in an enriched Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RBMI) medium. Supernatants’ Interlukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor
(TNF-α) levels were determined 24 hour after LPS stimulation. HPLC was employed to determine the concentration of phenolic
compounds in the extracts. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were compared using paired-samples t test.
Results: Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus leaves extracts have shown significant reduction in the levels of both Il-6 and TNF-α
Gallic acid; a strong anti-inflammatory agent was found to be the major phenolic compound in both leaf extracts. However, other antiinflammatory
phenolic compounds were detected in Pitascia lentiscus extract including syringic acid and p-coumaric acid, while
chlorogenic acid was detected in Eucalyptus spp. leaf extract.
Conclusion: Reduction in the levels of Il-6 and TNF-α upon the effect of both Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus extract is an
indication of their anti-inflammatory effects. Our results may also indicate that the observed anti-inflammatory effect of the above
extracts may be due to the presence of gallic acid and other phenolic compounds.
ANTI-QUORUM SENSING ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Al-Haidari Rwaida A. , Shaaban Mona I. , Ibrahim Sabrin R.M. , Mohamed Gamal A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Quorum sensing is the key regulator of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa such as biofilm formation, motility, productions of proteases, hemolysin, pyocyanin, and toxins.
Material and Methods: Quorum sensing inhibitory (OSI) effect of the alcohol extracts of 20 medicinal plants was evaluated by Chromobacterium violaceum reporter using agar cup diffusion method. The efficient QSI extracts were tested for their activity against biofilm synthesis, motility, and synthesis of pyocyanin from P. aeruginosa PA14
Results: The extracts of Citrus sinensis, Laurus nobilis, Elettaria cardamomum, Allium cepa, and Coriandrum sativum exhibited potent quorum quenching effect. On the other hand, Psidium guajava and Mentha longifolia extracts showed lower QSI activity. These extracts exhibited significant elimination of pyocyanin formation and biofilm development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. In addition, they significantly inhibited twitching and swimming motilities of P. aeruginosa PA14.
Conclusion: This study illustrated for the first time the importance of C. sinensis, L. nobilis, E. cardamomum, A. cepa, and C. sativum as quorum sensing inhibitors and virulence suppressors of P. aeruginosa.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND FT-IR ANALYSIS OF DATURA INNOXIA AND DATURA METEL LEAF AND SEED METHANOLIC EXTRACTS
Authors: Bhardwaj Khushboo , Kumar Sanjiv , Ojha Sudarshan 
Published: May 2022

Background: Datura (family- Solanaceae), has a long history of being used as herbal medicine. These medicinal effects have been
attributed to the phytochemicals present in the plant leaves and seeds, in particular alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
The objective of this study was to investigate the methanolic leaf and seed extracts of Datura innoxia (DLP-I & DSP-I) and Datura
metel (DLP-M & DSP-M) for their total phenolic, flavonoids and in-vitro antioxidant properties.
Materials and Methods: Determination of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in terms of
total antioxidant assay, ABTS assay, DPPH assay and in-vitro lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity were determined along with the
FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis of the extracts.
Results: The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid content were registered by the D. innoxia leaf extract (70.26 ± 1.12 mg
GAE/g and 34.24 ± 1.28 mg RE/g respectively). Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was exerted by the leaf extract of D.
innoxia (IC50 = 146.69 ± 8.46 μg/mL) among the four different methanolic extracts. The highest activity of the ABTS assay was
found in Datura innoxia leaf extract (IC50 value = 149.42 ± 13.43 μg/mL) and the highest total antioxidant capacity was found to be
present in D. innoxia leaf extract (221.25 ± 1.06 mg AAE/g) whereas D. metel seed extract registered the maximum lipid
peroxidation inhibition activity (IC50 = 112 ± 1.30 μg/mL). The FT-IR data also supported the maximum activity in D. innoxia (leaf
and seed) extracts.
Conclusion: The results thus obtained suggested that the plant Datura innoxia possess considerable antioxidant activity over Datura
metel and therefore can be established as a potential source of natural antioxidant.
BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES OF PARAMEDICAL COLLEGE STAFF TOWARDS COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATE MEDICINE
Authors: Alghadir Ahmad H. , Al-Yousef Hanan M. , Al-Hussany Fatema , Hasaneen Alla , Iqbal Zaheen A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Complementary and alternate medicine (CAM) has been defined as a group of diverse medical and healthcare
systems, practices, and products not presently considered part of conventional medicine (CM). Studies in different countries have
revealed a geographical difference in the knowledge about CAM therapies, especially among medical school staff and students. This
study aimed to assess the extent of CAM use among staff working in paramedical colleges in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia and
to examine their perception and attitudes towards such medicines. Materials and methods: Eighty paramedical staff members of
different age groups and specializations were invited to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from
similar studies was used in this study.
Results: The response rate was 99%. The majority of respondents (56%) reported believing that CAM therapies play an important
complementary role to the action of CM.
Conclusion: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to assess peoples’ attitudes towards CAM use in
the region. As the use of healing practices outside of CM rise among patients, ignorance of CAM by future medical practitioners can
cause a communication gap between people and the profession that serves them. It is encouraging that the majority of medical staff
in this study recognizes and is enthusiastic to rectify this lack of knowledge
ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT THE WANGU ACUPOINT SUPPRESSES EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS WITH VASCULAR DEMENTIA
Authors: Fang Yanan , Sui Rubo 
Published: May 2022

Background: Vascular dementia (VD) is the most frequent psychiatric complication of stroke, and is often difficult to treat.
Incidence rate of vascular cognition impairment is still 70% after stroke in one year (Sui R et al.2011). Stroke patients with VD
suffer from a higher mortality rate and have worse functional outcomes and quality of life. However, despite the extensive literatures
on this topic, there is no agreement on the causal mechanisms and effective therapy for VD. The objective of this study is to examine
if electroacupuncture at the Wangu acupoint (GB 12), whose position is similar to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus, could reduce
inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VD).
Materials and Methods: The 54 healthy, male, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 9 months old, and of clean grade (300-450) g, were
randomly divided into three groups: sham surgery group, VD group and electro-acupuncture group. The ethology scores of VD rats
were evaluated and the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in the hippocampus were assessed
and the hippocampal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.
Results: Compared with the VD group, in the electroacupuncture group, the rats’ learning ability improved significantly and the
mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β decreased. Simultaneously, the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampal tissues
decreased, with their morphology recovered to nearly normal.
Conclusions: Electro-acupuncture at the Wangu acupoint can decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus,
reduce the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampus, and thus provide a new neuroprotective method in VD
ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF LEGUMINOUS TREES AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII
Authors: Sana Nighat , Shoaib Amna , Javaid Arshad 
Published: May 2022

Background: Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a destructive soil-borne plant pathogen that infects over 500 plant species and causes significant yield losses in many economically important plant species. Synthetic fungicides used to combat the menace also pollute the environment and cause health hazards. In order to search environmental friendly alternatives from natural resources, in the present study, methanolic extracts of three leguminous tree species namely Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. and Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. were evaluated for their antifungal activity against S. rolfsii.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred grams dried leaf material of each of the three test plant species were extracted with methanol for two weeks. After filtration, methanol was evaporated on a rotary evaporator. Malt extract broth was used to make various concentrations of the crude methanolic extracts and their antifungal potential was determined by comparing the fungal biomass in various treatments with control. Chemical composition of methanolic leaf extract of A. nilotica subsp. indica was determined through GC-MS analysis.
Results: Methanolic leaf extract of A. nilotica subsp. indica showed the highest fungicidal activity. Fungal biomass was decreased by 17-55% due to various concentrations of this extract over control. Different concentrations of P. juliflora reduced fungal biomass by 3-52%. Fourteen compounds were identified in methanolic extract of A. nilotica subsp. indica. 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z,)- (16.59%) was the most abundant compound followed by 1-pentanol, 2 methyl-, acetate (14.80%); hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester (13.10%) and cyclotriaconta- 1, 7, 16, 22-tetraone (10.28%).
Conclusion: This study concludes that methanolic leaf extract of A. nilotica subsp. indica can be used for management of S. rolfsii.
RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION CAUSES BRAIN HIPPOCAMPUS OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND INHIBITION EFFECT
Authors: Yu Fang , Liang Haidong , Xin Shimeng 
Published: May 2022

Background: The acute kidney injury (AKI) may do damage to remote organs. Objective of the study is to investigate effect of
seaweed extract (SE) on brain oxidative damage in kidney ischemia/reperfusion rats.
Material and Methods: Animals were randomly divided into five groups. SE pre-fed to rats.
Results: Kidney I/R may cause oxidative injury in kidneys and brains tissue in rats. SE pre-treatment can decrease lipid peroxidation
levels and increase antioxidant enzymes activities in kidney and brain hippocampus of kidney I/R rats.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that SE is useful for brain nerve function keeping in kidney I/R rats.
EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZAE ON THE KIDNEY OF RATS WITH SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND OBSTRUTIVE JAUNDICE
Authors: Guibing Ren , Xiping Zhang , Xiaowen Ding , Dehong Zou , Hongjiang Yang , Xiaoru Meng , Wenju Mo , Xiangming He , Shuai Zhao 
Published: May 2022

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and obstructive jaundice (OJ) are frequent recurring diseases that bring
about huge threat to human health. Some reports have demonstrated that Salviae miltiorrhizae can protect multiple
organs of SAP and OJ model animals or patients, but their related mechanisms were not clear. In this study, we
observed the effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae injection on apoptosis and NF-κB expression in kidney and explored the
protective effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the kidney of SAP or OJ rats. The results obtained will
provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhizae.
Material and Methods: A total of 288 rats were used for SAP - and OJ-associated experiments. The mortality rates of
rats, the contents of serum BUN and CREA, the expression levels of Bax, NF-κB proteins and the apoptosis index were
observed, respectively.
Results: The pathological changes in the kidney of SAP or OJ rats in treated group were mitigated to varying degrees.
At 6 and 12 hours after operation in SAP rats or on 21 and 28 days after operation in OJ rats, the contents of serum
CREA in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group; At 3 and 6 hours after operation,
the staining intensity of Bax protein of kidney in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group;
on 14 days after operation, the apoptosis index in the kidney of OJ rats in treated group was significantly lower than
that in model control group.
Conclusion: Salvia miltiorrhizae can exert protective effects on the kidney of SAP and OJ rats.
Direct centrifugation for detecting Giardia spp. cysts in filter backwash water
Authors: Ogura Allan Pretti , Sabogal-Paz Lyda Patricia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pathogenic protozoa endanger human health and challenge water treatment, especially during outbreaks in developing countries. For instance, Giardia spp. cysts can recirculate in the filter backwash water (FBW), reinforcing the relevance of their detection protocol in negligible matrices. This study aimed to detect Giardia spp. cysts in the FBW by direct centrifugation (DC) and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with the addition of the detergent dispersion solution ICN 7X at 1.0%. To do this, cyst suspensions were inoculated into FBW samples (14 NTU), which was generated in bench-scale drinking-water treatment with high-turbidity study water (112 NTU). Furthermore, the DC+ICN 7X method was compared with the calcium carbonate flocculation. For instance, the DC+ICN 7X method provided cleaner microscope slides and minor damage to the cyst walls. The commercial suspension of Giardia lamblia had an adequate recovery rate (19.5%). However, the recovery rate of the EasySeed® suspension was 7.8%, which was below the required range by Method 1623.1 (above 8%). High costs and low efficiencies challenge several methods for detecting Giardia spp. cysts. Therefore, future studies should develop and improve detection protocols, especially for complex matrices. Detecting cysts in water treatment residues is crucial for addressing current sanitation issues in developing countries.
Flow characteristics of a tangential vortex intake with steep-slope tapering section
Authors: Chan S. N. , Qiao Q. S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tangential vortex intakes are compact hydraulic structures commonly used in water supply, drainage and sewerage systems to convey water from high to low elevations efficiently. For certain intake design, due to the complex three-dimensional (3D) flow transition, hydraulic jump and shock waves may form. This paper presents an experimental and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the flow in a tangential vortex intake with a steep-slope (sloping angle = 45°) tapering section. Swirling velocity field was measured using laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) for discharges with typical flow features. CFD predictions were most encouraging in the good agreement with measured head-discharge relationship, air core size and velocity. It was found that the flow regimes are determined by the hydraulic controls at different sections under different discharges, forming a complex flow transition with an inclined hydraulic jump at the tapering section. While the swirling flow in the dropshaft is highly asymmetrical, the local tangential velocity is similar to that of a stable tangential intake with Rankine vortex behaviour. Flow energy dissipation is caused by the hydraulic jump at the tapering section and the friction loss at the dropshaft. The present study offers comprehensive insights to the design of tangential vortex intake structures.
HIGHLIGHTS Tangential vortex intake flow with steep-slope tapering section elucidated first time. Comprehensive flow profiles and velocity field measured for a range of discharges. 3D CFD predictions are in good agreement with the measurements. Flow regimes are determined by the hydraulic controls at different sections. Flow energy dissipation is caused by hydraulic jump and dropshaft friction loss.