bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa forage yield, milk yield, and nutritive value under intensive cutting
Authors: Eckberg James O. , Wells Samantha S. , Jungers Jacob M. , Lamb JoAnn F. S. , Sheaffer Craig C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForage yield, nutritive value, and stand persistence are key metrics in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) management. The combination of cultivar improvement, longer growing seasons in the Midwest, and trends of shorter alfalfa rotations offer opportunity to reevaluate the effects of increasing cutting frequency (CF) on these metrics. We evaluated forage yield, nutritive value, milk production, and persistence of eight alfalfa entries with fall dormancy (FD) ranging from two (FD2) to five (FD5) under CF of four (CF4), five (CF5), or six (CF6) annual cuts during two production years in two environments in the upper midwestern United States. Nutritive value and milk kg–1 alfalfa increased with increased CF and differed among alfalfa entries. Cutting frequency and alfalfa entry interactively influenced forage yield and milk production ha–1 yet optimal CF depended on environment. At one environment, increasing CF from CF4 to CF5 and from CF5 to CF6 caused a 5 and 29% decrease in milk ha–1, respectively. At another environment, CF5 had about 16% greater milk production than CF4 and CF6. The CF6 reduced persistence of 3rd‐year stand density with the effects especially severe for some entries. Alfalfa entry FD was not correlated to forage yield or persistence, but an entry with FD5 was consistently among those with the greatest in forage and milk yield ha–1 at CF5 and CF6. These results suggest that intensifying CF from four to five harvests per season of some cultivars can boost yield and nutritive value without negative effects on stand persistence in some environments.
A fluorescent film sensor for high‐performance detection of Listeria monocytogenes via vapor sampling
Authors: Huang Rongrong , Li Meiqi , Lin Dehui , Shao Yangtao , Shang Congdi , Liu Qianqian , Liu Guijun , Li Nan , Miao Rong , Peng Haonan , Tang Yanli , Fang Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFoodborne Listeria monocytogenes poses serious threats to public health. Fast and sensitive detection of the pathogen at the point of contamination is thus crucial to halt the spread of bacteria‐related diseases. Herein, we report for the first time a fluorescent film sensor to detect the biomarker of L. monocytogenes, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone. The sensor demonstrated unprecedented sensing performance for the analyte with a detection limit lower than 0.05 mg/m3, response time less than 1 s, full reversibility, and excellent selectivity. Further study showed that the sensor can be used to monitor the growth of L. monocytogenes with much‐improved sensitivity. The superior performance of the sensor is ascribed to the specific binding, efficient charge transfer emission, and porous adlayer structure of the specially designed sensing fluorophore‐based film. Our work paves the way to develop a portable detector to meet the needs for on‐site and real‐time detection of foodborne pathogens.
Hypercoagulability, endotheliopathy, and inflammation approximating 1 year after recovery: Assessing the long‐term outcomes in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Fan Bingwen Eugene , Wong Shiun Woei , Sum Christina Lai Lin , Lim Gek Hsiang , Leung Bernard PuiLam , Tan Chuen Wen , Ramanathan Kollengode , Dalan Rinkoo , Cheung Christine , Lim Xin Rong , Sadasiv Mucheli Shravan , Lye David Chien , Young Barnaby Edward , Yap Eng Soo , Chia Yew Woon ,   The COVID‐19 Clotting and Bleeding Investigators
Published: April 2022

AbstractSustained hypercoagulability and endotheliopathy are present in convalescent COVID‐19 patients for up to 4 months from recovery. The hemostatic, endothelial, and inflammatory profiles of 39 recovered COVID‐19 patients were evaluated up to 16 months after recovery from COVID‐19. These values were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 124). 39 patients (71.8% males, median age 43 years) were reviewed at a mean of 12.7 ± 3.6 months following recovery. One patient without cardiovascular risk factors had post COVID‐19 acute ischaemic limb. Elevated D‐dimer and Factor VIII levels above normal ranges were noted in 17.9% (7/39) and 48.7% (19/39) of patients respectively, with a higher median D‐dimer 0.34 FEU μg/mL (IQR 0.28, 0.46) (p < .001) and Factor VIII 150% (IQR 171, 203) (p = .004), versus controls. Thrombin generation (Thromboscreen) showed a higher median endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) of 1352 nM*min (IQR 1152, 1490) (p = .002) and a higher median peak height of 221.4 nM (IQR 170.2, 280.4) (p = 0.01) and delayed lag time 2.4 min (1.42–2.97) (p = 0.0002) versus controls. Raised vWF:Ag and ICAM‐1 levels were observed in 17.9% (7/39) and 7.7% (3/39) of patients respectively, with a higher median VWF:Ag 117% (IQR 86, 154) (p = 0.02) and ICAM‐1 54.1 ng/mL (IQR 43.8, 64.1) (p = .004) than controls. IL‐6 was noted to be raised in 35.9% (14/39) of patients, with a higher median IL‐6 of 1.5 pg/mL (IQR 0.6, 3.0) (p = 0.004) versus controls. Subgroup analysis stratifying patients by COVID‐19 severity and COVID‐19 vaccination preceding SARS‐CoV‐2 infection did not show statistically significant differences. Hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation are still detectable in some patients approximately 1 year after recovery from COVID‐19.
Overexpression of the energy metabolism transcriptome within clonal plasma cells is associated with the pathogenesis and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Evans Laura A. , Anderson Emilie A. , Jessen Erik , Nandakumar Bharat , Atilgan Ezgi , Jevremovic Dragan , Hitosugi Taro , Fonseca Rafael , Kumar Shaji K. , Gonsalves Wilson I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAltered energy metabolism and changes in glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways are hallmarks of all cancer cells. The expression of select genes associated with the production of various enzymes and proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were assessed in the clonal plasma cells derived from patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) enrolled in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass data set. A scoring system consisting of assigning a point for every gene where their fragments per kilobase of transcript per million (FPKM) was above the median yielded a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 12 for the set of genes in the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways to create a total energy metabolism molecular signature (EMMS) score. This EMMS score was independently associated with worse progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients with NDMM. A higher EMMS score was more likely to be present in clonal plasma cells derived from Multiple myeloma (MM) patients than those from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). This was functionally confirmed by the clonal plasma cells from MM patients having a higher rate of mitochondrial and glycolysis‐derived ATP formation than clonal plasma cells from MGUS patients. Thus, this study provides evidence for the effect of energy metabolism within clonal plasma cells on pathogenesis and outcomes of patients with MM. Exploiting the energy‐producing metabolic pathways within clonal plasma cells for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in MM should be explored in the future.
Unimolecular Nanoparticles toward More Precise Regulations of Self‐Assembled Superlattices in Soft Matter
Authors: Lei Huanyu , Liu Yuchu , Liu Tong , Guo Qing‐Yun , Yan Xiao‐Yun , Wang Yicong , Zhang Wei , Su Zebin , Huang Jiahao , Xu Wei , Bian Feng‐Gang , Huang Mingjun , Cheng Stephen Z. D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe hierarchical self‐assembly process opens up great potential for the construction of nanostructural superlattices. Precise regulation of self‐assembled superlattices, however, remains a challenge. Even when the primary molecules are precise, the supramolecular motifs (or secondary building blocks) can vary dramatically. In the present work, we propose the concept of unimolecular nanoparticles (UMNPs). The UMNPs act as the supramolecular motif and directly pack into the superlattices. A highly branched giant molecule is presented. We systematically explore its conformations and the superlattice of this giant molecule. Moreover, intriguing complex phases are discovered when blending this UMNP with other conventional giant molecules. These binary mixtures provide direct evidence to support our previously proposed self‐sorting process in the self‐assembly of “soft alloys”. The concept of UMNPs offers a unique approach toward more precise regulation of self‐assembled superlattices in soft matter.
Revisiting pure component wax esters as basis of wax‐based oleogels
Authors: Brykczynski Henriette , Wettlaufer Till , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent research on wax‐based oleogels indicates wax esters to be the key component in many natural waxes. This necessitates understanding the properties of pure wax esters to unravel the gelling mechanism in wax‐based oleogels. Therefore, available literature data on pure wax esters is summarized and critically reviewed. The detailed analysis of the pre‐existing data on crystallographic (SAXS) and thermal properties, facilitates the interpretation of subsequently performed experiments: Specific wax esters with different carbon numbers and symmetries were studied as such and in oleogels formed in combination with medium chained triglyceride oil at inclusion levels of 10% (w/w). They were characterized regarding their thermal (differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]) and viscoelastic (oscillatory rheology) behavior. It is found that all observations concerning pure wax esters behave systematically, linking molecular makeup, crystal structure, and behavior. The experimental study of oleogels structured by four different binary mixtures of wax esters revealed that substantial chain length differences induce separate crystallization (CN30 + 36 and CN30 + 42). Mixtures of wax esters with only limited chain length difference (≤ 2 carbon atoms) reconfirmed earlier speculations on mixing behavior and crystal structure. Applying mixtures of wax esters only differing in their position of the ester bond (CN36 [14_22] + CN36 [22_14]) indicated ideal mixing behavior in the solid phase of the gels. Surprisingly, the data revealed that additional thermal events occur at specific mixing ratios, predominantly at 1:1 (w/w). Their supposed relation to compound formation certainly needs further confirmation. Rheological analysis confirmed that sequential crystallization results in highest firmness values for the systems studied.
Coupling Red‐to‐blue Upconversion Organic Microcrystals with Cd0.5Zn0.5S for Efficient and Durable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Yu Tianjun , Zeng Yi , Chen Jinping , Yang Guoqiang , Li Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor semiconductor photocatalysts with excellent performance in solar H2 production, broadening the utilization of solar irradiation is highly necessary to further improve the solar conversion efficiency. Herein, we combined a Cd0.5Zn0.5S photocatalyst with DPA/PdTPTBP microcrystals capable of red‐to‐blue photon upconversion, realizing substantial performance enhancement and an apparent quantum yield of 0.16% for H2 production driven by sub‐bandgap photons (600∼650 nm). Meanwhile, this system could smoothly work with H2 production rate of 1.40 mmol g−1 h−1 for as long as 40 hours under 200 mW/cm2 irradiation with only 3% attenuation of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the O2‐barrier property of DPA/PdTPTBP microcrystals assures that photocatalytic H2 production remains effective in the presence of 10% O2 by volume, which offers an opportunity for the photocatalytic application in O2‐enriched environments. The combination of O2‐resistant upconversion microcrystals and semiconductor catalysts is the most successful solution for the construction of TTA‐UC‐based photocatalytic H2 production system so far. The present study provides a clear guideline for designing new TTA‐UC‐based photocatalytic systems.
An integrated and continuous downstream process for microbial virus‐like particle vaccine biomanufacture
Authors: Gerstweiler Lukas , Billakanti Jagan , Bi Jingxiu , Middelberg Anton P. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present the first integrated and continuous downstream process for the production of microbial virus‐like particle vaccines. Modular murine polyomavirus major capsid VP1 with integrated J8 antigen was used as a model virus‐like particle vaccine. The integrated continuous downstream process starts with crude cell lysate and consists of a flow‐through chromatography step followed by periodic counter‐current chromatography (PCC) (bind‐elute) using salt‐tolerant mixed‐mode resin and subsequent in‐line assembly. The automated process showed a robust behavior over different inlet feed concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 3.2 mg ml−1 with only minimal adjustments needed, and produced continuously high‐quality virus‐like particles, free of nucleic acids, with constant purity over extended periods of time. The average size remained constant between 44.8 ± 2.3 and 47.2 ± 2.9 nm comparable to literature. The process had an overall product recovery of 88.6% and a process productivity up to 2.56 mg h−1 mlresin−1 in the PCC step, depending on the inlet concentration. Integrating a flow through step with a subsequent PCC step allowed streamlined processing, showing a possible continuous pathway for a wide range of products of interest.
Tailoring the morphology of hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf0.6Zr0.4O2) as a cocatalyst for photoelectrochemical water oxidation over a hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanode
Authors: Kim Hee Won , Won Jung Yoon , Pan Zhenhua , Sohn Woon Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe fabricated the hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanode with Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (HZO)‐based cocatalysts prepared by two different types of the surface treatments, the overlayer coating, and the deposition of the nanoparticles. When the HZO nanoparticles were deposited, the current density at 1.23 VRHE was improved by about 31%, compared to that of the bare α‐Fe2O3 film, with the cathodic shift of the onset potential. On the other hand, in the case of the HZO overlayer, the PEC performance drastically decreased. In this study, we revealed that HZO nanoparticles could act as a cocatalyst, while the overlayer treatment accelerated the surface recombination.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts in breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Hu Dengdi , Li Zhaoqing , Zheng Bin , Lin Xixi , Pan Yuehong , Gong Peirong , Zhuo Wenying , Hu Yujie , Chen Cong , Chen Lini , Zhou Jichun , Wang Linbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment. Studies have revealed that CAFs in breast cancer originate from several types of cells and promote breast cancer malignancy by secreting factors, generating exosomes, releasing nutrients, reshaping the extracellular matrix, and suppressing the function of immune cells. CAFs are also becoming therapeutic targets for breast cancer due to their specific distribution in tumors and their unique biomarkers. Agents interrupting the effect of CAFs on surrounding cells have been developed and applied in clinical trials. Here, we reviewed studies examining the heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer and expression patterns of CAF markers in different subtypes of breast cancer. We hope that summarizing CAF‐related studies from a historical perspective will help to accelerate the development of CAF‐targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
Synthesis of Active Hybrid Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibers as Active Packaging Material
Authors: Yahaya Wan Amnin Wan , Subramaniam Sarmilaah Dewi , Azman Nurul Aini Mohd , Adam Fatmawati , Almajano Maria Pilar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActive packaging films derived from renewable biopolymers with an antioxidant formulation are a promising alternative in prolonging food shelf life. This study aimed to develop active hybrid films from semi‐refined carrageenan, plasticized with glycerol, incorporating α‐tocopherol, and enhanced with cellulose nanofibers derived from empty fruit bunch as reinforcing agents for improved film function in active packaging. The active hybrid films were characterized for their properties, and the release of antioxidant α‐tocopherol was observed in food simulant and fresh meat. The application of the active hybrid films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers as active packaging for food products is presented.
Optimization of an Asymmetric Reaction
Authors: Ma Chunmiao , Tang Jie , Yu Lu , Wen Kehan , Gan Quan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Quan Gan and co‐workers at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The image depicts aromatic oligoamide sequences winding around a substrate with conformational control. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200834.
Association of colchicine use for acute gout with clinical outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Roth Mary E. , Chinn Melissa E. , Dunn Steven P. , Bilchick Kenneth C. , Mazimba Sula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGout is a common comorbidity in heart failure (HF) patients and is frequently associated with acute exacerbations during treatment for decompensated HF. Although colchicine is often used to manage acute gout in HF patients, its impact on clinical outcomes when used during acute decompensated HF is unknown.MethodsThis was a single center, retrospective study of hospitalized patients treated for an acute HF exacerbation with and without acute gout flare between March 2011 and December 2020. We assessed clinical outcomes in patients treated with colchicine for a gout flare compared to those who did not experience a gout flare or receive colchicine. The primary outcome was in‐hospital all‐cause mortality.ResultsAmong 1047 patient encounters for acute HF during the study period, there were 237 encounters (22.7%) where the patient also received colchicine for acute gout during admission. In‐hospital all‐cause mortality was significantly reduced in the colchicine group compared with the control group (2.1% vs. 6.5%, p = .009). The colchicine group had increased length of stay (9.93 vs. 7.96 days, p < .001) but no significant difference in 30‐day readmissions (21.5% vs. 19.5%, p = .495). In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, inpatient colchicine use was associated with improved survival to discharge (hazards ratio [HR] 0.163, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.051−0.525, p = .002) and a reduced rate of in‐hospital CV mortality (HR 0.184, 95% CI 0.044−0.770, p = .021).ConclusionAmong patients with a HF exacerbation, treatment with colchicine for a gout flare was associated with significantly lower in‐hospital mortality compared with those not treated for acute gout.
Mapping the Melatonin Receptor. 8. Selective MT2 Agonists Derived from 5,6‐Dihydroindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and Related Systems
Authors: Tsotinis Andrew , Afroudakis Pandelis A. , Papanastasiou Ioannis P. , Sakellaropoulou Aikaterini , Boniakou Marina , Komiotis Dimitri , Garratt Peter J. , Delagrange Philippe , Bocianowska‐Zbrog Alina , Sugden David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of substituted indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and indolo[1,2‐a]benzoxazines have been prepared, as melatonin analogues, to investigate the nature of the binding site of the melatonin receptor. Agonist and antagonist potency of all the analogues was measured using the [35S]GTPγS binding assay protocol. The binding affinity of the analogues were measured by competition binding studies against the human MT1 (hMT1) and MT2 (hMT2) receptors stably transfected in Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells, using 2‐[125I]‐iodomelatonin, as a ligand. N‐Acetyl 2‐(10‐methoxy‐5,6‐dihydroindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐12‐yl)propyl‐1‐amine (12 a) binds strongly to both the hMT1 and hMT2 receptors, and shows a preference for the hMT2, as does its propanamido counterpart 12 b. The introduction of two methyl groups into their side chain, analogues 15 a and 15 b, leads to antagonism, in the case of the former, and drastically diminishes its hMT1 binding; an analogous profile is seen for 15 b, which, however, is a partial agonist. Introduction of chlorine or methoxy groups into ring 4 gives compounds, that are weakly binding, with a preference for MT2. Substitution of oxygen for carbon at position 5 gives the indolo[1,2‐c]benzoxazines 33, 36 a and b, that bind strongly to the human receptors, 33, 36 b being potent agonists at the melatonin receptors, but do not discriminate between hMT1 and hMT2.
An updated assessment of 43,110 patients enrolled in the Childhood Cancer Research Network: A Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Brown Austin L. , Sok Pagna , Scheurer Michael E. , Rabin Karen R. , Marcotte Erin L. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Spector Logan G. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe Childhood Cancer Research Network (CCRN) was established by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) as a resource for epidemiologic studies of childhood cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the representativeness of CCRN and identify factors associated with enrollment.MethodThe number of US childhood patients with cancer diagnosed <20 years of age enrolled in CCRN (2008‐2015) was compared to expected counts, calculated from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence rates and US Census population estimates. Observed‐to‐expected ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated across sex, race, diagnosis age, calendar year, and cancer diagnosis groups. Multivariable linear regression models were generated to evaluate the association between open COG phase 3 therapeutic trials and CCRN enrollment rates.ResultThe 43,110 cases enrolled in CCRN represented 36% of the expected childhood cancers diagnosed from 2008 to 2015 (N = 120,118). CCRN enrollment ratios [95% CI] were highest among males (0.38 [95% CI, 0.37‐0.38]), non‐Hispanics (0.35 [95% CI, 0.35‐0.36]), and those diagnosed from 1 to 4 years of age (0.50 [95% CI, 0.50‐51]). Enrollment ratios varied by diagnosis group, with leukemia, myeloproliferative diseases, myelodysplastic diseases (0.55 [95% CI, 0.54‐0.55]), and renal tumors (0.55 [95% CI, 0.53‐0.58]) having the highest enrollment. After adjusting for year of diagnosis and cancer diagnosis, there was a 3.1% [95% CI, 0.6‐5.6%] increase in CCRN enrollment during windows of open COG therapeutic trials.ConclusionsDespite enrolling only 36% of newly diagnosed cases, CCRN remains a valuable resource for investigators conducting childhood cancer etiology and survivorship research. The results of this study may inform efforts to improve enrollment on current and future COG nontherapeutic registry protocols.