bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of historical and projected changes in diverse boreal ecosystems: fires, thermokarst, riverine dynamics, and humans
Authors: Jorgenson M Torre , Brown Dana R N , Hiemstra Chris A , Genet Hélène , Marcot Bruce G , Murphy Richard J , Douglas Thomas A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alaska has diverse boreal ecosystems across heterogeneous landscapes driven by a wide range of biological and geomorphic processes associated with disturbance and successional patterns under a changing climate. To assess historical patterns and rates of change, we quantified the areal extent of ecotypes and the biophysical factors driving change through photo-interpretation of 2200 points on a time-series (∼1949, ∼1978, ∼2007, ∼2017) of geo-rectified imagery for 22 grids across central Alaska. Overall, 68.6% of the area had changes in ecotypes over ∼68 years. Most of the change resulted from increases in upland and lowland forest types, with an accompanying decrease in upland and lowland scrub types, as post-fire succession led to mid- and late-successional stages. Of 17 drivers of landscape change, fire was by far the largest, affecting 46.5% of the region overall from 1949 to 2017. Fire was notably more extensive in the early 1900s. Thermokarst nearly doubled from 3.9% in 1949 to 6.3% in 2017. Riverine ecotypes covered 7.8% area and showed dynamic changes related to channel migration and succession. Using past rates of ecotype transitions, we developed four state-transition models to project future ecotype extent based on historical rates, increasing temperatures, and driver associations. Ecotype changes from 2017 to 2100, nearly tripled for the driver-adjusted RCP6.0 temperature model (30.6%) compared to the historical rate model (11.5%), and the RCP4.5 (12.4%) and RCP8.0 (14.7%) temperature models. The historical-rate model projected 38 ecotypes will gain area and 24 will lose area by 2100. Overall, disturbance and recovery associated with a wide range of drivers across the patchy mosaic of differing aged ecotypes led to a fairly stable overall composition of most ecotypes over long intervals, although fire caused large temporal fluctuations for many ecotypes. Thermokarst, however, is accelerating and projected to have increasingly transformative effects on future ecotype distributions.
Complexified stable and unstable manifolds and chaotic tunneling
Authors: Koda Ryonosuke , Shudo Akira 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quantum tunneling in nonintegrable systems is studied based on the complex semiclassical analysis in the time domain. The theory of complex dynamical systems predicts that complexified stable and unstable manifolds form the skeleton of the dynamics in phase space, and mixing and ergodicity hold even for the mixed system. After surveying some rigorous results derived for the Hénon map, we numerically verify that some fundamental properties thus predicted can actually be observed, and then investigate natures of complexified stable and unstable manifolds since they guide the complex orbits controlling the tunneling transition in the mixed phase space. In particular, for a properly designed scattering map, we examine the imaginary action associated with the stable manifolds for the periodic orbits in the real plane and find that the orbits tending to the sticky zone of the KAM region provide the most dominant contribution in the semiclassical sum. It is worth emphasizing that the behavior of such dominant orbits is affected by the presence of chaos in the complex plane, which is an aspect far beyond the scope of the dynamics in the real plane.
Prediction of Compressive Strength of Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber Reinforced Bendable Concrete
Authors: Srinivasa C H , Venkatesh  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Engineered Cementitious Composite or Bendable concrete is a new generation concrete which possesses higher potency and improved durability characteristics. In addition to the potency, the knowledge about durability is very precious for sustainable development in the field of construction industries. Use of mineral admixture such as fly ash contributes a lot in sustainable development whereas; robustness of concrete can easily be enhanced by use of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers. The elevated potency and improved durability of concrete will be achieved by scientifically tailoring various ingredients of the concrete. The knowledge of potency of all concrete in compression is one of the most essential prerequisite material goodness but it calls for costly and time-consuming experiments. Hence, a mathematical model to predict the compressive potency is presented in this paper. Two constants P and Q have been considered as the essential properties for the concrete blend. The constant, P is established for a “measure of Rate of Gain in Potency and constant, Q is established for a measure of “Grade of Potency.” Once the constants P and Q are defined for the blend, the Potency of concrete at varied ages for varied percentages of PVA fibers will be predicted using this Mathematical Model.
Ferrochrome Slag characterization and its compatibility with Quarry dust in Flexible pavement
Authors: Ajay CH , Durga Rani K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Exhaustion of locally available materials and increasing hauling charges gained the potential for the exploration of cost-effective alternative materials in the construction industry. Broad endeavours have been made over numerous years on the utilization of industrial waste, yet scant exploration is being done on ferrochrome slag. Ferrochrome slag is an industrial by-product obtained from stainless steel production. Several highway laboratory tests on the characterization of ferrochrome slag are carried out, and the physical and mechanical properties of ferrochrome slag are observed to fulfil MoRTH specifications. Deficiency of fines is observed in the gradation of ferrochrome slag, so quarry dust is incorporated for mechanical stabilization. Ferrochrome slag and quarry dust are blended in different proportions to check the gradation suitability as sub-base and base courses in flexible pavement. Modified Proctor Method of compaction is performed for the ferrochrome slag and quarry dust combinations to carry out the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test at Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC). Studies have shown that the combinations of ferrochrome slag and quarry dust in 70/30 and 60/40 proportions are well graded and have reached the required gradation for use as cement-treated sub-base and base layers in flexible pavement.
Comparative study on strength and durability of concrete upon partial substitution of fly ash and bagasse ash in conventional concrete
Authors: Susmitha P. J. R. L. P. , Kanta Rao M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The need for concrete is continuously increasing which also leads to a proportional increase in cement demand. The percentage increase of cement manufacturing is 3% per annum. Due to the augmented consumption of cement, the emission of carbon-di-oxide is increasing day by day. CO2 accounts for approximately 65% of global warming among greenhouse effect. The notorious impacts caused due to the cement utilization gave direction to this research for the partial replacement of class F fly ash and bagasse ash burnt at 1000°C in the conventional concrete. Comparative study is performed by casting mix with fly ash replaced at 0% to 40% at 5% interval and accordingly other mixes with bagasse ash replaced with 0% to 40% at 5% interval by weight of cement in the concrete and cured for 28, 56, and 90 days. Experimental investigations were carried out to determine mechanical parameters like compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability aspects like resistance to chloride ion permeability, acid attack. Micro-structural investigations were carried out to determine the presence of peak, the composition of elements through X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Based on the research, it was concluded that fly ash can be replaced up to 40% and bagasse ash up to 15% in the concrete in terms of both strength and durability aspects. Fly ash replacement resulted in the maximum later strength achievement of 74 MPa at 30% replacement while the bagasse ash incorporation resulted in maximum early strength attainment of 61.9 MPa at 15% replacement.
An Innovative Approach on Pet Bottles Compiled with Waste Materials to Produce Eco-friendly Concrete
Authors: Gunasekar S , Ramesh N. , Parthiban P , Ramesh S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PET bottles, such as water bottles, cool drink bottles, and oil storage bottles, are becoming increasingly popular in India. Bottles used to package water take over 1,000 years to biodegrade and, if incinerated, contain poisonous gases. Recycling these PET bottles requires more attention however, this was also among the most famous effective ways to minimize waste. Only PET bottles, however, it’s recyclable; all other bottles must be discarded. In fact, only 1 out of 5 containers are able to be sent to the recycle bin. The strength criteria was studied in PET bottles by filled up with different waste materials such as M-sand, Quarry dust, Fly ash, River sand and Construction debris. These filled bottles are inserted in concrete cube mould for minimising the concrete quantity and strength parameters were studied. Based on the experimental work, it was identified that, PET bottles having good compression resistance and also act as a filler material in concrete.
Performance evaluation of glass fiber reinforced high-performance concrete with silica fume and nano-silica
Authors: kumar Pidugu Prasanna , Chaitanya Bypaneni Krishna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Investigators all around the globe are making unrivaled concrete by varying the proportions and admixtures. Fiber-reinforced concrete has various applications in structural components. Some of the fibers like glass, carbon, polypropylene, and aramid fibers give an improvement in generous properties like hardened, durability, stiffness, toughness, shrinkage. The purpose of this research is to investigate the properties of glass fiber reinforced high-performance concrete (GFRHC) for arriving high-performance trail mixes are prepared with cement replacement with silica fume (SF) ranging from 0% to 25%. An optimum mix is chosen in that constant 1.15 % cement is replicate with nano-silica. For that optimized mix along with nano-silica, glass fibers are induced at 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by weight of cement. 100×100×100mm cube moulds, cylinder moulds of 100×200mm, and beam moulds of 100×100×500 mm are prepared and cured for 7, 28 days then hardened strength are evaluated. The result shows that at 10% replacement of cement with silica fume at constant w/b ratio 0.31 shown 59.06 Mpa for Mix-3 and at 2% addition of glass fibers shows the 69.4Mpa, 9.57 Mpa, and 7.91 Mpa of compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of rupture for Mix-8. The quality of concrete of all the mixes are is excellent at 2% addition of glass fiber UPV value is 5281m/s.
Pervious Concrete: An Overview and Experimental Study
Authors: Hoshitha T S S , Mallinadh Kashyap A , Chandrasekhar Rao T 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present climatic changes are occurring because of the various activities of the humans such as urbanization and increasing threat of green-house gas (GHG) emissions resulted in precipitation increase in many geographical areas. In view of this, OPC based pervious concrete (PC) was developed in order to enhance the sustainability of the urban drainage systems (UDS). No fines concrete also coined as OPC based pervious concrete (PC) which is a versatile material with high porosity content applicable in flat work applications which allows the water from various sources such as precipitation and other sources to flow through and in turn recharges the ground water levels. Apart from these aspects, PC can significantly decrease the solar radiation absorption and urban heat storing potential which leads to the protection of the environment as well as the health and safety of the human beings. Generally, no fines concrete generally consists of cementitious paste to overlay the coarse aggregate which relates the vanderwall bond between the coarse aggregate and the cement. However, PC requires periodical maintenance in order to prevent any sort of clogging within the voids by the vegetation and sediments. In the present investigation, the overview of PC as well as the experimentation to study the mechanical strength characteristics by the utilization of industrial waste exhausts materials like fly ash. The study conferred that addition of fly ash to pervious concrete significantly enhances the mechanical strength characteristics of PC. An equation is proposed to establish a correlation between split-tensile strength and flexural strength of PC and it is in good agreement with the previous studies.
Study on strength characteristics of concrete by replacement of fine aggregates and fibre addition to cement using SCC
Authors: Ramya AVSL , Satyaveni A , Sudheer kumar G , Nitish S SS 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present investigation is on strength characteristic of hardened concrete with materials re-placement of fine aggregates and addition of fibre by using self-compacting concrete method which is an advanced technology used in improving the construction methodology. The SCC requires an admixture like Poly Carboxylate Ether (PCE) based super – plasticizer (Master Glenium SKY 8630) used as curing compound to improve the efficiency of self-compacting concrete SCC in terms of its performance. As the nominal fine aggregate cost is increasing the re-placement of fine aggregates is done by by-products of steel industry and query dust. Grade of concrete, dosage of admixtures, self-curing compounds, and time of curing are parameters to be considered for investigation. The performance studies include water retention, compressive test and split tensile test. The result analysis shows that crusher dust and foundry sand show increase in tensile and flexural strength at 0.2% of fibre addition. The grade of concrete is M30 is taken for investigation.
Strength Enhancement of Mortar using Biocementation Technique
Authors: Jaya Sri V , Charpe Anuja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Biocementation is a technique in which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) gets deposited with the help of ureolytic bacteria. In this study, an attempt has been made to augment the properties of mortar utilizing bacterial solution made with soil bacteria and other nutrients. The consequence of bacterial solution was noticed in two methods. In the first method the bacterial solution is used in preparing the bacterial mortar specimens and in the second method the bacterial solution is used in surface treatment of mortar. Considerable enhancement of 20.08% in compressive strength and 10.52% decrement in water absorption of bacterial mortar over conventional mortar was observed at the end of 56 days of curing period.
Analysis of Various Drought Indices over Mathura Region Using Geo-Spatial Technologies
Authors: Aggile Lakshmi Prasanna , Gautam Shweta , Reddy B.Sudheer Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The scarcity of water in any geophysical conditions leads to drought. The vegetation conditions and rainfall need to be assessed efficiently to develop counter measures to tackle the drought. Hence various drought indices such as Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) were carefully analyzed. Results of VCI showed moderate to severe droughts occurred at study region for the year 2015 in the month of September. SPI and RAI results showed that monsoon months had negative values for all the places in drought year 2015. The eastern part of the research area is found to be prone to dry condition as per the results obtained. The risk of future drought conditions can be minimized with the help of this research.
Desalination of sea water using solar still
Authors: Panuganti Lakshmi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The consumption of fresh water is increasing at a rapid rate, but its availability is decreasing day by day. The present work is based on developing a low-cost prototype working model called solar still which desalinates brackish water through distillation. The fabrication of solar still installed at the terrace of BILL GATES Bhavan of Aditya Engineering College, involves the components, wooden box of volume - 0.048 m3, lined by Aluminium sheet 6 gauge coated with black paint, a parabolic reflector (44” x 34”), preheating tray (1 × 1 m), connecting pipes (1”), water collector (2 lit capacity) and glass cover. Sea water samples from Port area (sample-1) and Uppada (sample-2) of Kakinada Beach were collected for purification. The raw water is sent from the inlet valve into the looped pipe placed in the pre-heating tray and then the pre-heated water is discharged into the solar still where distillation takes place, later the desalinated water was collected at the collecting point. The laboratory analyses of purified water from solar still has shown the quality suitable for consumption according to IS 10500:2012 drinking water standards with Water Quality Index for sample 1 as 14.199, and for sample 2 it was 2.188, both of them designated as excellent in terms of quality. The cost of the entire setup was 1500/- which gives 1.5–2 liters of purified water in a day.
Total quality management in Oman
Authors: Al Sinawi Said Khalfan Rashid , Anil Vineetha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A case study of two construction companies in the Sultanate of Oman has been considered in order to study the extent of the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) and to know the barriers that impede its application in the construction industry. TQM have been compared with the tolerable organizational cultural barriers that have been endorsed and documented by many authoritative literatures related to this topic. Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of questionnaire and interviews respectively are carried out from the construction industry sector in Oman in order to identify barriers to implementing the TQM concept. The results obtained showed that the two companies’ models are still in their infancy in the application of TQM and there are many aspects of improvement that would overcome the barriers. Therefore, one of the most appropriate solutions is to allocate people who have experience in how to implement and benefit from the TQM concept, while giving them the powers to help them implement it within the organization. The results of this research presented can be used as a conceptual framework that helps in planning and proactive management to improve TQM accreditation, and these results can also serve as a guide for further academic research.
Sustainable rural road network planning with a balance of urban and rural development
Authors: Jayasree K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rural roads are the backbone to any country and is always a key for sustainable development. Rural roads are often considered as an entry point for poverty alleviation and employment generation. Rural Connectivity is achieved in different levels of hierarchy through a traditional hierarchical structure – National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, Other District roads and Village roads for achieving a long term objective of adequate road communication in India. The policies for connectivity of villages are followed mainly by population criteria. The connectivity through hierarchy is to be planned from the travel behaviour and activity generation, which depends on various profiles like demographic, socio – economic profiles, facility profile and the impedance values. This methodology proposes a strategic model that characterizes the varying profiles in an area and accounts the demand based on these profiles. An integrated model based on clustering analysis and GIS has been formulated for assessing the demand potential and thereby giving an orientation to a hierarchal rural road network configuration. This promises to be scientific tool as it was validated with the existing higher order road network such as National and State highways in the region. The study has been attempted on Medak district of Telangana state.
Reuse of red mud in construction of tailing dam
Authors: Pavani K , Jain Surabhi , Das Sarat K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Red mud, a by-product of the alumina industry, is disposed through construction of clay lined dams or dykes. Into these constructions, red mud is pumped and allowed to dry naturally. This red mud when disposed is slurry with a solid concentration of 10%, high ionic strength and pH in the range of 10-13. It should be noted that it is toxic in nature at this stage because of the harmful chemical composition present in it. Hence utilization of it in various applications results in decrease of its environmental impact. In the present study, red mud has been used in the construction of a tailing dam. Its stability has been evaluated considering various cases such as end of construction, steady seepage, rapid draw down and seismic conditions. The data from this evaluation has been compared with borrowed soil to assess the compatibility of red mud. The comparison has shown that there is little difference between usage of either borrowed soil or red mud as tailing dam material. However, red mud gives better factor of safety compared to the borrowed soil considered in this study.
Influence of Relative Density and Pile Spacing on the Behavior of Building Frame Resting on Pile Groups - A Numerical Study
Authors: Koteswara Venkata R P , Padavala Harikrishna , Vangari Manikanta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the design of pile foundations, stiffness of the frame is neglected and superstructure is analyzed without considering the flexibility of soil mass. This leads to the inaccurate estimation of design forces (shear force and bending moments) and settlements. ANSYS software which is based on finite element method is used to analyze the influence of sand bed relative density of (35 and 70%), and pile spacing (3D and 4D) on the behavior of building frame supported by group of piles (2×2) when it subjected to vertical loads. Differential settlement and rotation are observed in case of the pile supported building frame. In addition to the pile cap rotation, pile head deflection in the horizontal direction is observed which is due to the interaction of super structure with substructure. The bending moment is negative for the dense sand compare to lose sand because of the more restraint of the piles even at the top layers.
A Comparative Study of Vertical and Batter Piles under Lateral Loading Conditions: A Review
Authors: Premjani Renu , Yadu Laxmikant , Bajaj Pankaj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLaterally loaded piles are generally used where high lateral load acts on the structures. Vertical piles along with batter piles are used in structures such as chimneys, towers, dock and harbor structures, and high-rise buildings. Various techniques have been used in literature to solve the laterally loaded pile problems. Among themp-ymethod is preferred over all other methods. Various researchers have provided analytical solutions for vertical and batter pile problems and are discussed in this paper. Experimental investigations were also carried out by various researchers on vertical and batter piles, indicating that the negative batter piles offer large resistance to lateral loads when compared with the vertical piles. The deflection values obtained from the analytical solutions were also compared with the model tests and were found to be in a good agreement. Numerical modeling conducted by various researchers on vertical and batter pile foundation by various researchers is also discussed in this paper.