bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of parasitic reaction in high-temperature AlN growth by jet stream gas flow metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Nagamatsu Kentaro , Tsuda Shota , Miyagawa Takumi , Aono Reiya , Hirayama Hideki , Takashima Yuusuke , Naoi Yoshiki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have a wide range of applications such as medical diagnostics, gas sensing, and water sterilization. Metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method is used for the growth of all-in-one structures, including doped layer and thin multilayers, using metal–organic and gas source raw materials for semiconductor devices. For AlN growth with high crystalline quality, high temperature is necessary to promote the surface migration of Al atoms and Al-free radicals. However, increase in temperature generates parasitic gas-phase prereactions such as adduct formation. In this work, AlN growth at 1500 °C by a stable vapor phase reaction has been achieved by jet stream gas flow metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy. The AlN growth rate increases with gas flow velocity and saturates at ~ 10 m/s at room temperature. Moreover, it is constant at an ammonia flow rate at a V/III ratio from 50 to 220. These results demonstrate the reduction in adduct formation, which is a typical issue with the vapor phase reaction between triethylaluminum and ammonia. The developed method provides the in-plane uniformity of AlN thickness within 5%, a low concentration of unintentionally doped impurities, smooth surface, and decrease in dislocation density because of the suppression of parasitic reactions.
Radiobiological effects of wound fluid on breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic culture
Authors: Jeibouei Shabnam , Hojat Ali , Mostafavi Ebrahim , Aref Amir Reza , Kalbasi Alireza , Niazi Vahid , Ajoudanian Mohammad , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Saadati Fariba , Javadi Seyed Mohammadreza , Shams Forough , Moghaddam Maryam , Karami Farshid , Sharifi Kazem , Moradian Farid , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Zali Hakimeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) could abrogate cancer recurrences, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To clarify the effects of IORT-induced wound fluid on tumor progression, we treated breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic cell culture systems, respectively. The viability, migration, and invasion of the cells under treatment of IORT-induced wound fluid (WF-RT) and the cells under surgery-induced wound fluid (WF) were compared. Our findings showed that cell viability was increased in spheroids under both WF treatments, whereas viability of the cell lines depended on the type of cells and incubation times. Both WFs significantly increased sub-G1 and arrested the cells in G0/G1 phases associated with increased P16 and P21 expression levels. The expression level of Caspase 3 in both cell culture systems and for both WF-treated groups was significantly increased. Furthermore, our results revealed that although the migration was increased in both systems of WF-treated cells compared to cell culture media-treated cells, E-cadherin expression was significantly increased only in the WF-RT group. In conclusion, WF-RT could not effectively inhibit tumor progression in an ex vivo tumor-on-chip model. Moreover, our data suggest that a microfluidic system could be a suitable 3D system to mimic in vivo tumor conditions than 2D cell culture.
Advanced sleep spindle identification with neural networks
Authors: Kaulen Lars , Schwabedal Justus T. C. , Schneider Jules , Ritter Philipp , Bialonski Stephan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSleep spindles are neurophysiological phenomena that appear to be linked to memory formation and other functions of the central nervous system, and that can be observed in electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) during sleep. Manually identified spindle annotations in EEG recordings suffer from substantial intra- and inter-rater variability, even if raters have been highly trained, which reduces the reliability of spindle measures as a research and diagnostic tool. The Massive Online Data Annotation (MODA) project has recently addressed this problem by forming a consensus from multiple such rating experts, thus providing a corpus of spindle annotations of enhanced quality. Based on this dataset, we present a U-Net-type deep neural network model to automatically detect sleep spindles. Our model’s performance exceeds that of the state-of-the-art detector and of most experts in the MODA dataset. We observed improved detection accuracy in subjects of all ages, including older individuals whose spindles are particularly challenging to detect reliably. Our results underline the potential of automated methods to do repetitive cumbersome tasks with super-human performance.
The difference between semi-continuum model and Richards’ equation for unsaturated porous media flow
Authors: Vodák Rostislav , Fürst Tomáš , Šír Miloslav , Kmec Jakub 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSemi-continuum modelling of unsaturated porous media flow is based on representing the porous medium as a grid of non-infinitesimal blocks that retain the character of a porous medium. This approach is similar to the hybrid/multiscale modelling. Semi-continuum model is able to physically correctly describe diffusion-like flow, finger-like flow, and the transition between them. This article presents the limit of the semi-continuum model as the block size goes to zero. In the limiting process, the retention curve of each block scales with the block size and in the limit becomes a hysteresis operator of the Prandtl-type used in elasto-plasticity models. Mathematical analysis showed that the limit of the semi-continuum model is a hyperbolic-parabolic partial differential equation with a hysteresis operator of Prandl’s type. This limit differs from the standard Richards’ equation, which is a parabolic equation and is not able to describe finger-like flow.
Design of high avidity and low affinity antibodies for in situ control of antibody drug conjugate targeting
Authors: Evans Reginald , Thurber Greg M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have rapidly expanded in the clinic, with 7 new approvals in 3 years. For solid tumors, high doses of ADCs improve tissue penetration and efficacy. These doses are enabled by lower drug-to-antibody ratios and/or co-administration of unconjugated antibody carrier doses to avoid payload toxicity. While effective for highly expressed targets, these strategies may not maintain efficacy with lower target expression. To address this issue, a carrier dose that adjusts binding in situ according to cellular expression was designed using computational modeling. Previous studies demonstrated that coadministration of unconjugated antibody with the corresponding ADC at an 8:1 ratio improves ADCs efficacy in high HER2 expressing tumors. By designing a High Avidity, Low Affinity (HALA) carrier antibody, ADC binding is partially blocked in high expression cells, improving tissue penetration. In contrast, the HALA antibody cannot compete with the ADC in low expressing cells, allowing ADC binding to the majority of receptors. Thus, the amount of competition from the carrier dose automatically adjusts to expression levels, allowing tailored competition between different patients/metastases. The computational model highlights two dimensionless numbers, the Thiele modulus and a newly defined competition number, to design an optimal HALA antibody carrier dose for any target.
Relationship between tooth loss and sarcopenia in suburban community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai and Tianjin of China
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Jingru , Han Peipei , Liu Yuewen , Ma Weibo , Zhang Hui , Wu Ning , Sang Sijia , Xia Yining , Pan Jiangtao , Liu Yang , Xie Fandi , Niu Shumeng , Hu Hao , Wang Hongbing , Yu Ying , Guo Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBoth sarcopenia and loss of teeth are associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential relationships between tooth loss and sarcopenia and its components in suburban community-dwelling older adults of Shanghai and Tianjin, China. The subjects were 1494 people over 60 years of age (40.7% men; aged 71.64 ± 5.97 years) from Chongming District of Shanghai and Hangu District of Tianjin. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS) criteria were used to define sarcopenia. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, a grip strength test, and a four-meter walk test, respectively. The subjects were divided into groups depending on self-reported loss of teeth. Our studies found no correlation between tooth loss and sarcopenia or muscle mass. However, the walking speed of female participants with at least 10 teeth lost was 0.059 m/s slower than that of participants with fewer than 10 teeth lost (p < 0.001), and grip strength was 1.577 kg lower among male participants with at least 10 teeth lost than among males with fewer than 10 teeth lost (p = 0.023). These results are consistent with the importance of good oral hygiene in preventing declines of physical performance in older adults.
A comparative analysis depicting the disease characteristics and phylogenetic signature of human cytomegalovirus infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 seropositive patients with end-organ retinitis and gastro-enteric diseases
Authors: Chatterjee Aroni , Roy Debsopan , Mukherjee Sumit , Ghosh Hiya , Maiti Agnibha , Basu Rivu , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring advanced HIV infection, Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been proven to produce devitalizing end-organ diseases (EOD). The interactive co-existence of HIV and HCMV has been reported by many researchers and has been suggested to be linked with a more aggressive disease state. This study has been designed to bring forward an assessment of the clinical risk factors capable of defining the conditions of HCMV induced retinitis and gastro-enteric diseases among HIV1 seropositive patients. We also intended to analyse the phylogenetic variation if any, among the infecting virus types inducing the two separate clinical conditions. The patients were arranged in three different groups; (Group 1 with 26 individuals and group 2 and group 3 with 25 individuals each) based on their current status of HIV and HCMV infections. Serum ELISA, qualitative and quantitative detection of HCMV DNA, Real time mRNA expression study, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed. All statistical analyses and graphs were exercised using relevant software. We found that in HIV patients with HCMV induced end-organ diseases the components of the CXCL9, 10, 11-CXCR3 chemokine pathway is highly expressed with significant differences existing among patients with retinitis and gastrointestinal disease. We found that the gL gene sequences from the retinitis (HR) group clustered almost separately from that of the gastroenteritis (HG) group in the phylogenetic tree. It may be suggested that a form of natural selection pressure is working on the clinical HCMV strains creating a slight divergence in their phylogenetic lineage thereby helping them adapt to the particular tissue microenvironment they are colonizing.
The differences in clinical characteristics and natural history between essential tremor and essential tremor plus
Authors: Lolekha Praween , Dharmasaroja Pornpatr , Uransilp Nattaphol , Sukphulloprat Puchit , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Kulkantrakorn Kongkiat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe diverse clinical manifestation of essential tremor (ET) has led to the question whether the different phenotypes may affect the clinical outcome and progression. This study aimed to estimate the clinical characteristics and natural history of ET and ET-plus. A total of 221 patients with ET were included, 117 (52.9%) reclassified as ET and 104 (47.1%) as ET-plus. Patients with ET-plus were significantly older in age at onset (P < 0.001); had a higher frequency of cranial tremors (P < 0.001), neurological comorbidities (P < 0.001) and psychiatric comorbidities (P = 0.025); more tremor progression (P < 0.001); and poorer response to medical treatment (P < 0.001) compared to ET patients. Regression analysis revealed that late-onset tremor (OR 11.02, 95% CI 2.79–43.53), neurological comorbidities (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.56–7.31), psychiatric comorbidities (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.48–12.44), cranial tremors (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.02–4.30), and poor response to medical treatment (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.87–7.19) were associated with ET-plus diagnosis. ET and ET-plus differ in the age of onset, tremor distribution, comorbidities, treatment response rate, and progression. Identifying the ET phenotypes may increase the clinical value in therapeutic strategies and clinical research in the future.
Rapid and efficient testing of the toxicity of graphene-related materials in primary human lung cells
Authors: Frontiñan-Rubio Javier , González Viviana Jehová , Vázquez Ester , Durán-Prado Mario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGraphene and its derivative materials are manufactured by numerous companies and research laboratories, during which processes they can come into contact with their handlers' physiological barriers—for instance, their respiratory system. Despite their potential toxicity, these materials have even been used in face masks to prevent COVID-19 transmission. The increasingly widespread use of these materials requires the design and implementation of appropriate, versatile, and accurate toxicological screening methods to guarantee their safety. Murine models are adequate, though limited when exploring different doses and lengths of exposure—as this increases the number of animals required, contrary to the Three R's principle in animal experimentation. This article proposes an in vitro model using primary, non-transformed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells as an alternative to the most widely used model to date, the human lung tumor cell line A549. The model has been tested with three graphene derivatives—graphene oxide (GO), few-layer graphene (FLG), and small FLG (sFLG). We observed a cytotoxic effect (necrosis and apoptosis) at early (6- and 24-h) exposures, which intensified after seven days of contact between cells and the graphene-related materials (GRMs)—with cell death reaching 90% after a 5 µg/mL dose. A549 cells are more resistant to necrosis and apoptosis, yielding values less than half of NHBE cells at low concentrations of GRMs (between 0.05 and 5 µg/mL). Indeed, GRM-induced cell death in NHBE cells is comparable to that induced by toxic compounds such as diesel exhaust particles on the same cell line. We propose NHBE as a suitable model to test GRM-induced toxicity, allowing refinement of the dose concentrations and exposure timings for better-designed in vivo mouse assays.
Molecular identification and wing variations among malaria vectors in Akure North Local Government Area, Nigeria
Authors: Akeju Adebayo Victor , Olusi Titus Adeniyi , Simon-Oke Iyabo Adepeju 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMembers of the Anopheles gambiae complex and Anophelesfunestus group are significant vectors of the malaria parasite Plasmodium species in the Afro-tropical region of the world. Molecular identification and variation in the wing were studied among female An.Gambiae complex and An. funestus group, to investigate morphological variations in the wing of local vectors populations of adult female mosquitoes found in five different locations in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State (Oba—Ile, Igoba, Isinigbo, Ita—Ogbolu and Iju). The variations in the wing character were found in the 3rd main dark spot area (Pre-apical dark spot—character 8) on the coastal region (Vein region I) of Anopheles gambiae complex wing; with two types (A and B) of wings identified with An. gambiae complex in the study area. Molecular study shows that all the wing type A are Anopheles gambiae s.s., they represent 53.39% of the total An. gambiae complex in the study area. Some of the Anopheles gambiae s.s. (28.30%) and all An. arabiensis (18.30%) were found with wing type B. Among 750 individual Anopheles mosquito species identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR method), 433 samples representing 57.73% were An. gambiae s.s. while 97 (12.93%) samples were An. arabiensis. Anopheles leesoni was the only member of the An. funestus group identified in the study area. Anopheles leesoni mosquitoes identified in the study location were 182, representing 24.27% of the total Anopheles mosquito species identified using the molecular method. Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, and An. leesoni are only Anopheles mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission in the study area. Anopheles leesoni was the only member of the An. funestus group identified in the study area.
Algorithmic fairness in pandemic forecasting: lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Tsai Thomas C. , Arik Sercan , Jacobson Benjamin H. , Yoon Jinsung , Yoder Nate , Sava Dario , Mitchell Margaret , Graham Garth , Pfister Tomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRacial and ethnic minorities have borne a particularly acute burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. There is a growing awareness from both researchers and public health leaders of the critical need to ensure fairness in forecast results. Without careful and deliberate bias mitigation, inequities embedded in data can be transferred to model predictions, perpetuating disparities, and exacerbating the disproportionate harms of the COVID-19 pandemic. These biases in data and forecasts can be viewed through both statistical and sociological lenses, and the challenges of both building hierarchical models with limited data availability and drawing on data that reflects structural inequities must be confronted. We present an outline of key modeling domains in which unfairness may be introduced and draw on our experience building and testing the Google-Harvard COVID-19 Public Forecasting model to illustrate these challenges and offer strategies to address them. While targeted toward pandemic forecasting, these domains of potentially biased modeling and concurrent approaches to pursuing fairness present important considerations for equitable machine-learning innovation.
An anti-diabetic drug targets NEET (CISD) proteins through destabilization of their [2Fe-2S] clusters
Authors: Marjault Henri-Baptiste , Karmi Ola , Zuo Ke , Michaeli Dorit , Eisenberg-Domovich Yael , Rossetti Giulia , de Chassey Benoit , Vonderscher Jacky , Cabantchik Ioav , Carloni Paolo , Mittler Ron , Livnah Oded , Meldrum Eric , Nechushtai Rachel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElevated levels of mitochondrial iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompany the progression of diabetes, negatively impacting insulin production and secretion from pancreatic cells. In search for a tool to reduce mitochondrial iron and ROS levels, we arrived at a molecule that destabilizes the [2Fe-2S] clusters of NEET proteins (M1). Treatment of db/db diabetic mice with M1 improved hyperglycemia, without the weight gain observed with alternative treatments such as rosiglitazone. The molecular interactions of M1 with the NEET proteins mNT and NAF-1 were determined by X-crystallography. The possibility of controlling diabetes by molecules that destabilize the [2Fe–2S] clusters of NEET proteins, thereby reducing iron-mediated oxidative stress, opens a new route for managing metabolic aberration such as in diabetes.
Comparison of Involuntary and Volitional Responses to Pitch-Shifted Auditory Feedback: Evidence for Tone Speakers' Flexibility to Switch Between Opposing and Following Responses
Authors: Ning Li-Hsin 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Our audio–vocal system involves a negative feedback system that functions to correct for fundamental frequency (
f
0
) errors in production. Therefore, automatic and opposing responses appear when an unexpected change in voice pitch is present in auditory feedback. This study explores following responses to pitch perturbation in auditory feedback in tonal language speakers, which have been commonly overlooked or discarded by past research. We examine whether the number of response types (opposing vs. following) and their dynamic
f
0
contours in tone word production vary as a function of instruction (involuntary [“to ignore”] vs. volitional [“to compensate”]).

Method:

Twenty-four native speakers of Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) produced three disyllabic TSM words while receiving pitch perturbation through headphones. The three disyllabic words were

tsau
55
-im
55

(“out of tune”; HH),

kau
33
-uann
33

(“exchange”; MM), and

pan
11
-an
11

(“handle a case”; LL) that carry an identical high-, mid-, or low-level tone. The participants were instructed either “to ignore” or “to compensate” for the pitch shifts.

Results:

Results from a Bayesian Poisson regression show that the number of opposing and following responses were split nearly 50–50 for the “ignore” condition and 55%–35% for the “compensate” condition. The simulation results indicate that the speakers were able to switch between the feedback and the feedforward mode during the testing. On the other hand,
f
0
contour analyses using generalized additive models show that pitch-increasing responses (i.e., oppose to downshifts or follow upshifts) were significantly larger than pitch-decreasing responses (i.e., oppose to upshifts or follow downshifts) for the MM and LL words, but not for the HH word.

Conclusions:
Our results provide support for the view that, for tone speakers, following responses are not uncommon. The magnitudes of pitch shift response trajectories have to do with the available pitch range for moving up or down in tone word production.
Data‐driven lumped dynamic modelling of wind farm frequency regulation characteristics
Authors: Li Shaolin , Lu Jianmou , Qin Shiyao , Hu Yang , Fang Fang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh proportion of wind power in the power grid leads to the problem of power system frequency instability, which requires the wind farm itself to have the ability of frequency adjustment; therefore, it is particularly important to conduct modelling of wind farm frequency regulation (WFFR) response characteristics. During the modelling process, it is generally necessary to establish a model for each working condition separately, which will bring huge workload. In addition, the accuracy of the model decreases when the frequency response is non‐linear. Therefore, this paper investigates the modelling of WFFR response characteristics in different working conditions. A data preprocessing method based on WFFR strategy and modelling methods is introduced. Then, data‐based transfer function models of WFFR response characteristics for different working conditions are constructed. After that, the gaps between different models are measured using a gap metric technique to analyse dynamic similarity between models. Finally, in order to make up for the defect of transfer function models, a non‐linear autoregressive with exogenous input neural networks (NARXNN) model of WFFR response characteristics is constructed utilising lumped data of all working conditions; then, the trained model is tested by the data of each working condition to verify the accuracy and universality.