bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analiza holoceńskich zmian środowiskowych w rynnie glacjalnej pomiędzy jeziorem Gopło a Jeziorem Szarlejskim i ich wpływ na osadnictwo w okresie od neolitu do nowożytności na podstawie badań osadów jeziornych oraz danych archeologicznych i historycznych
Authors: Słowiński Arkadiusz , Robaczewski Mateusz , Zięba Milena 
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study is to analyze environmental changes in the area between Gopło and Szarlejskie Lakes. The Noteć River flows through this area, connecting both lakes. The lakes could have been connected and functioned as Wielkie Gopło. Geological reconnaissance was based on five boreholes drilled with a soil auger. The samples were subjected to granulometric analyses and the content of organic matter and calcium carbonate was determined. Eight samples were radiocarbon-dated using the AMS method. Recognition of the valley bottom settlement was done through spatial analysis using six Archaeological Project Records sheets. The results of the research allowed separating three phases of the area development: lake, bog and lake again. The beginning of the last lake development phase and its evolution have not been precisely dated and require research. Archaeological data demonstrate the poor settlement use of the glacial trough. Throughout the prehistoric period, settlement was concentrated at an altitude of 80–85 m above sea level, in the edge zone of trough. This means that the area was marshy and inaccessible for settlement. Drainage, regulation works in the Noteć river basin and industrial activities, led to the lowering of the groundwater level and weakened the lake’s recharge. Consequently, the lake disappeared from the studied area.
Giorgos Charalambous and Gregoris Ioannou, eds., Left Radicalism and Populism in Europe
Authors: Markou Grigoris 
Published: August 2022

Review of Giorgos Charalambous and Gregoris Ioannou, eds., Left Radicalism and Populism in Europe. Oxford: Routledge, 2020. 269 pp.
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Improving the transmittance of the plasmonic slot filter by using a single reflector
Authors: Tang Ding-Kang 
Published: August 2022

A scheme to improve the transmittance of the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic slot filter is proposed and numerically studied. Using this scheme, the transmittance of all channels in the MIM slot filter can be significantly improved by using only one reflector. The simulation results show that the transmittance of all channels with this scheme is almost 160% higher than without it. A single-channel filter at 980 nm and a three-channel filter are both demonstrated using this scheme. All the work above is completed by the finite-element analysis method. The model and characteristics of the structure with periodical stubs are also introduced and analyzed. For the first time, to our knowledge, the expressions of all four elements of the transfer matrix together with the reflectance of the periodical stubs are given. It is believed that our research will help to provide new ideas for improving transmittance and promote the application of plasmonic filters.
The effect of livestock density on Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense: A causal inference-based approach
Authors: Meisner Julianne , Kato Agapitus , Lemerani Marshal Msanyama , Mwamba Miaka Erick , Ismail Taban Acaga , Wakefield Jonathan , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Pigott David M. , Mayer Jonathan D. , Rabinowitz Peter M. 
Published: August 2022

Domestic and wild animals are important reservoirs of the rhodesiense form of human African trypanosomiasis (rHAT), however quantification of this effect offers utility for deploying non-medical control activities, and anticipating their success when wildlife are excluded. Further, the uncertain role of animal reservoirs—particularly pigs—threatens elimination of transmission (EOT) targets set for the gambiense form (gHAT). Using a new time series of high-resolution cattle and pig density maps, HAT surveillance data collated by the WHO Atlas of HAT, and methods drawn from causal inference and spatial epidemiology, we conducted a retrospective ecological cohort study in Uganda, Malawi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and South Sudan to estimate the effect of cattle and pig density on HAT risk.
For rHAT, we found a positive effect for cattle (RR 1.61, 95% CI 0.90, 2.99) and pigs (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.15, 2.75) in Uganda, and a negative effect for cattle (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.71, 1.10) and pigs (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23, 0.67) in Malawi. For gHAT we found a negative effect for cattle in Uganda (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.50, 1.77) and South Sudan (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.54, 0.77) but a positive effect in DRC (1.17, 95% CI 1.04, 1.32). For pigs, we found a positive gHAT effect in both Uganda (RR 2.02, 95% CI 0.87, 3.94) and DRC (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10, 1.37), and a negative association in South Sudan (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50, 0.98). These effects did not reach significance for the cattle-rHAT effect in Uganda or Malawi, or the cattle-gHAT and pig-gHAT effects in Uganda.
While ecological bias may drive the findings in South Sudan, estimated E-values and simulation studies suggest unmeasured confounding and underreporting are unlikely to explain our findings in Malawi, Uganda, and DRC. Our results suggest cattle and pigs may be important reservoirs of rHAT in Uganda but not Malawi, and that pigs—and possibly cattle—may be gHAT reservoirs.
Genomic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing osteoarticular infections in otherwise healthy children
Authors: Dehority Walter , Morley Valerie J. , Domman Daryl B. , Daly Seth M. , Triplett Kathleen D. , Disch Kylie , Varjabedian Rebekkah , Yousey Aimee , Mortaji Parisa , Hill Deirdre , Oyebamiji Olufunmilola , Guo Yan , Schwalm Kurt , Hall Pamela R. , Dinwiddie Darrell , Femling Jon 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPediatric osteoarticular infections are commonly caused byStaphylococcus aureus. The contribution ofS.aureusgenomic variability to pathogenesis of these infections is poorly described.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 47 children over 3 1/2 years from whomS.aureuswas isolated on culture—12 uninfected with skin colonization, 16 with skin abscesses, 19 with osteoarticular infections (four with septic arthritis, three with acute osteomyelitis, six with acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis and six with chronic osteomyelitis). Isolates underwent whole genome sequencing, with assessment for 254 virulence genes and any mutations as well as creation of a phylogenetic tree. Finally, isolates were compared for their ability to form static biofilms and compared to the genetic analysis.ResultsNo sequence types predominated amongst osteoarticular infections. Only genes involved in evasion of host immune defenses were more frequently carried by isolates from osteoarticular infections than from skin colonization (p = .02). Virulence gene mutations were only noted in 14 genes (three regulating biofilm formation) when comparing isolates from subjects with osteoarticular infections and those with skin colonization. Biofilm results demonstrated large heterogeneity in the isolates’ capacity to form static biofilms, with healthy control isolates producing more robust biofilm formation.ConclusionsS.aureuscausing osteoarticular infections are genetically heterogeneous, and more frequently harbor genes involved in immune evasion than less invasive isolates. However, virulence gene carriage overall is similar with infrequent mutations, suggesting that pathogenesis ofS.aureusosteoarticular infections may be primarily regulated at transcriptional and/or translational levels.
A public health approach to monitoring HIV with resistance to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Buskin Susan E. , Lechtenberg Richard J. , Slaughter Francis A. , Herbeck Joshua T. , Kerani Roxanne P. , Golden Matthew R. , Dombrowski Julia C. 
Published: August 2022

Background
The risk of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) failure with sufficient medication adherence is extremely low but has occurred due to transmission of a viral strain with mutations conferring resistance to PrEP components tenofovir (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC). The extent to which such strains are circulating in the population is unknown.

Methods
We used HIV surveillance data to describe primary and overall TDF/FTC resistance and concurrent viremia among people living with HIV (PLWH). HIV genotypes conducted for clinical purposes are reported as part of HIV surveillance. We examined the prevalence of HIV strains with mutations conferring intermediate to high level resistance to TDF/FTC, defining primary resistance (predominantly K65R and M184I/V mutations) among sequences reported within 3 months of HIV diagnosis and total resistance for sequences reported at any time. We examined trends in primary resistance during 2010–2019 and total resistance among all PLWH in 2019. We also monitored resistance with viremia (≥1,000 copies/mL) at the end of 2019 among PLWH.

Results
Between 2010 and 2019, 2,172 King County residents were diagnosed with HIV; 1,557 (72%) had a genotypic resistance test within three months; three (0.2%) had primary TDF/FTC resistance with both K65R and M184I/V mutations. Adding isolated resistance for each drug resulted in 0.3% with primary TDF resistance and 0.8% with primary FTC resistance. Of 7,056 PLWH in 2019, 4,032 (57%) had genotype results, 241 (6%) had TDF/FTC resistance and 15 (0.4% of those with a genotype result) had viremia and TDF/FTC resistance.

Conclusions
Primary resistance and viremia combined with TDF/FTC resistance are uncommon in King County. Monitoring trends in TDF/FTC resistance coupled with interventions to help ensure PLWH achieve and maintain viral suppression may help ensure that PrEP failure remains rare.
Perspectives and experiences of researchers regarding feedback of incidental genomic research findings: A qualitative study
Authors: Ochieng Joseph , Kwagala Betty , Barugahare John , Mwaka Erisa , Ekusai-Sebatta Deborah , Ali Joseph , Sewankambo Nelson K. 
Published: August 2022

Background
There is a plethora of unanswered ethical questions about sharing incidental findings in genetics and genomics research. Yet understanding and addressing such issues is necessary for communicating incidental findings with participants. We explored researchers’ perspectives and experiences regarding feedback of incidental genomics findings to participants.

Methods
This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interview schedules for In-depth interviews. Thirty respondents were purposively selected based on role as genetics and genomics researchers in Uganda. Data were analysed through content analysis to identify emerging themes using a comprehensive thematic matrix. QSR International NVivo software was used to support data analysis.

Results
a). On perceptions, sharing of incidental findings was acceptable and four themes emerged including role of professional judgement; role of ethics committees and ethical guidelines; optimal disclosure practices; limits to professional duty and uncertainty and; b). on practices, sharing had been carried out by some researchers and a theme on experience and practices emerged.

Conclusion
Feedback of incidental genomics research findings to participants is generally acceptable to researchers. Some researchers. Challenges include lack of ethical guidelines and uncertainty about the findings.
Factors associated with neonatal near miss among neonates admitted to public hospitals in dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia: A case-control study
Authors: Sintayehu Yitagesu , Abera Legesse , Sema Alekaw , Belay Yalelet , Guta Alemu , Amsalu Bezabih , Dejene Tafese , Kassie Nigus , Mulatu Teshale , Tiruye Getahun 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
The neonatal near-miss cases are subject to factors that are major causes of early neonatal deaths. For every death, more newborns suffer a life-threatening complication. Nearly 98% of neonatal death unduly existed in developing countries. Though there were few prior studies in other regions, they failed in identifying the factors of NNM. Besides, there has been no prior study in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with neonatal near-miss.

Methods
A case-control study was employed on a total of 252 cases and 756 controls using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested and interview administered questionnaires adapted from similar studies and medical records from December 2020 –March 2021. Pragmatic and management criteria definition of neonatal near miss were utilized. Epi-Data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were done to identify factors associated with a neonatal near-miss by using COR and AOR with a 95% confidence interval. Finally, the statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results
There were a response rate of 100% for both cases, and controls. Factors that affects neonatal near miss were non-governmental/private employee (AOR, 1.72[95%CI: 1.037, 2.859]), referral in (AOR, 1.51[95%CI: 1.079, 2.108]), multiple birth (AOR, 2.50[95%CI: 1.387, 4.501]), instrumental assisted delivery (AOR, 4.11[95%CI: 1.681, 10.034]), hypertensive during pregnancy (AOR, 3.32[95%CI: 1.987, 5.530]), and male neonates (AOR, 1.71[95%CI: 1.230, 2.373]), paternal education of secondary school (AOR, 0.43[95%CI: 0.210, 0.868]) and college/above (AOR, 0.25[95%CI: 0.109, 0.578]), monthly income (1500–3500 birr) (AOR, 0.29[95%CI: 0.105, 0.809]) and >3500 birr (AOR, 0.34[95%CI: 0.124, 0.906]).

Conclusion
Maternal occupation, paternal education, income, referral, multiple births, mode of delivery, hypertension during pregnancy, and sex of the neonate have identified factors with neonatal near-miss. Better to create job opportunities, improving education, and income generation. Counseling on multiple birth and hypertension, and minimizing instrumental delivery should be done at the health facility level.
Evaluation of accuracy and performance of self-reported HIV and antiretroviral therapy status in the Nigeria AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (2018)
Authors: Jahun Ibrahim , Ehoche Akipu , Bamidele Moyosola , Yakubu Aminu , Bronson Megan , Dalhatu Ibrahim , Greby Stacie , Agbakwuru Chinedu , Baffa Ibrahim , Iwara Emem , Alagi Matthias , Asaolu Olugbenga , Mukhtar Ahmed , Ikpeazu Akudo , Nzelu Charles , Tapdiyel Jelpe , Bassey Orji , Abimiku Alash’le , Patel Hetal , Parekh Bharat , Aliyu Sani , Aliyu Gambo , Charurat Manhattan , Swaminathan Mahesh 
Published: August 2022

Background
Data on awareness of HIV status among people living with HIV (PLHIV) are critical to estimating progress toward epidemic control. To ascertain the accuracy of self-reported HIV status and antiretroviral drug (ARV) use in the Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS), we compared self-reported HIV status with HIV rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results and self-reported ARV use with detectable blood ARV levels.

Methods
On the basis of responses and test results, participants were categorized by HIV status and ARV use. Self-reported HIV status and ARV use performance characteristics were determined by estimating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Proportions and other analyses were weighted to account for complex survey design.

Results
During NAIIS, 186,405 participants consented for interview out of which 58,646 reported knowing their HIV status. Of the 959 (weighted, 1.5%) who self-reported being HIV-positive, 849 (92.1%) tested HIV positive and 64 (7.9%) tested HIV negative via RDT and polymerase chain reaction test for discordant positive results. Of the 849 who tested HIV positive, 743 (89.8%) reported using ARV and 72 (10.2%) reported not using ARV. Of 57,687 who self-reported being HIV negative, 686 (1.2%) tested HIV positive via RDT, with ARV biomarkers detected among 195 (25.1%). ARV was detected among 94.5% of those who self-reported using ARV and among 42.0% of those who self-reported not using ARV. Overall, self-reported HIV status had sensitivity of 52.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49.4%–56.0%) with specificity of 99.9% (95% CI: 99.8%–99.9%). Self-reported ARV use had sensitivity of 95.2% (95% CI: 93.6%–96.7%) and specificity of 54.5% (95% CI: 48.8%–70.7%).

Conclusions
Self-reported HIV status and ARV use screening tests were found to be low-validity measures during NAIIS. Laboratory tests to confirm self-reported information may be necessary to determine accurate HIV and clinical status for HIV studies in Nigeria.
Improving cardiac rehabilitation patient adherence via personalized interventions
Authors: Aharon Keren B. , Gershfeld-Litvin Avital , Amir On , Nabutovsky Irene , Klempfner Robert 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
Despite documented benefits and physicians’ recommendations to participate in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs, the average dropout rate remains between 12–56%. This study’s goal was to demonstrate that using personalized interventions can significantly increase patient adherence.

Method
Ninety-five patients (ages 18–90) eligible for the CR program were randomly recruited and received personalized interventions using the Well-Beat system. Adherence levels were compared to those of a historical control group. The Well-Beat system provided Sheba CR Health Care Provider (HCP) guidelines for personalized patient-therapist dialogue. The system also generated ongoing personalized text messages for each patient sent twice a week and related each patient’s dynamic profile to their daily behavior, creating continuity, and reinforcing the desired behavior.

Results
A significant increase in patient adherence to the CR program: Three months after initiation, 76% remained active compared to the historical average of 24% in the matched control group (log-rank p-value = 0.001).

Conclusions
Using an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based engine that generated recommendations and messages made it possible to improve patient adherence without increasing HCP load, benefiting all. Presenting customized patient insights to the HCP and generating personalized communications along with action motivating text messages can also be useful for remote care.
Factors associated with the very high caesarean section rate in urban areas of Vietnam
Authors: Giang Hoang Thi Nam , Duy Do Thi Thuy , Hieu Le Tho Minh , Vuong Nguyen Lam , Ngoc Nguyen Thi Tu , Phuong Mai Thi , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: August 2022

Background
Caesarean section and associated factors require detailed investigation globally. This study aims to determine the rate and associated factors of caesarean deliveries in urban areas of Vietnam.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using questionnaire answered by women who had infants aged under 30 months was conducted from March to May 2021. Data were collected in 18 commune health centres in two cities during the day of routine immunization. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with caesarean section.

Results
The overall caesarean section rate was 49.6%. The caesarean section rate in private hospitals (57.8%) were significantly higher than in public hospitals (49.1%). Caesarean section rate in first-time mothers (47.1%) were as high as this rate among mothers who had given birth before (50.6%). Factors associated with higher rate of caesarean section include increasing in women’s age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and infant’s birth weight; first-time mothers; mothers living in urban areas; and mothers giving birth in private hospitals.

Conclusions
This study revealed a high rate of caesarean deliveries in urban areas of Vietnam. Comprehensive investigations of both medical and non-medical reasons for caesarean deliveries in Vietnam are urgent needs to shape the prioritized interventions.
Are women with disabilities less likely to utilize essential maternal and reproductive health services?—A secondary analysis of Pakistan Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Mahmood Shafaq , Hameed Waqas , Siddiqi Sameen 
Published: August 2022

Background
People with disabilities deal with widespread exclusion from healthcare services, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) rights. Studies analyzing the relationship between disability and key SRH utilization outcomes have often reported mixed findings. In Pakistan, very little to no literature is available on this topic, therefore we aim to determine inequalities in the utilization of essential maternal and reproductive health services between women with and without disabilities in Pakistan.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017–18 performed on a weighted sample of 6,711 women aged 15–49 years with a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey. Six types of disabilities were assessed i.e. vision, hearing, communication, cognition, walking and self-care. Utilization of essential maternal and reproductive health services was assessed through a set of four outcome variables: (i) modern contraceptive use; (ii) skilled antenatal care (ANC); (iii) skilled birth attendance (SBA); and (iv) skilled postnatal care (PNC). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Data were analyzed using Stata MP Version 16.0.

Results
A total of 6,711 women were included out of which 14.1% (n = 947) live with at least one form of disability. Mean age was 29.4 (S.E = 0.13) years. The most prevalent form of disability was vision (7.0%), followed by walking (4.8%), cognition (4.8%) and hearing (1.8%). Women with disabilities were comparatively less educated, belonged to older age group, and had higher parity than their non-disabled counterparts. With the exception of modern contraceptive use, which was more prevalent in the group with disabilities, women with disabilities were less likely to utilize skilled ANC, SBA and PNC in bivariate analysis. However, these associations turned insignificant in the adjusted model. Overall, no statistically significant differences were observed in the utilization of essential reproductive health services between women with and without disabilities after adjusting for important covariates.

Conclusion
Our analyses did not find any statistically significant differences in the utilization of essential maternal and reproductive health services between women with and without disabilities. In-depth research utilizing qualitative or mixed methods is required to understand how well the healthcare system in Pakistan is responsive to the different needs of disabled women.
Properties of the free boundaries for the obstacle problem of the porous medium equations
Authors: Kim Sunghoon , Lee Ki-Ahm , Park Jinwan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the existence and interior

W

2
,
p

{W^{2,p}}

-regularity of the solution, and the regularity of the free boundary

∂
⁡

{

u
>
ϕ

}

{\partial\{u>\phi\}}

to the obstacle problem of the porous medium equation,

u
t

=

Δ
⁢

u
m

{u_{t}=\Delta u^{m}}

(

m
>
1

{m>1}

) with the obstacle function ϕ. The penalization method is applied to have the existence and interior regularity.
To deal with the interaction between two free boundaries

∂
⁡

{

u
>
ϕ

}

{\partial\{u>\phi\}}

and

∂
⁡

{

u
>
0

}

{\partial\{u>0\}}

, we consider two cases on the initial data which make the free boundary

∂
⁡

{

u
>
ϕ

}

{\partial\{u>\phi\}}

separate from the free boundary

∂
⁡

{

u
>
0

}

{\partial\{u>0\}}

.
Then the problem is converted into the obstacle problem for a fully nonlinear operator. Hence, the

C
1

{C^{1}}

-regularity of the free boundary

∂
⁡

{

u
>
ϕ

}

{\partial\{u>\phi\}}

is obtained by the regularity theory of a class of obstacle problems for the general fully nonlinear operator.