bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric deformation of the Earth’s magnetosphere under low Alfvén Mach number solar wind: Observations and MHD simulation
Authors: Nishino Masaki N. , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Saito Yoshifumi , Lavraud Benoit , Miyashita Yukinaga , Nowada Motoharu , Kasahara Satoshi , Nagai Tsugunobu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe density of the solar wind plasma near the Earth’s magnetosphere sometimes decreases to only several per cent of the usual value, and such density extrema result in a significant reduction of the dynamic pressure and Alfvén Mach number ($$M_A$$

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) of the solar wind flow. While a symmetric expansion of the Earth’s magnetosphere by the low dynamic pressure was assumed in previous studies, a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation study predicted a remarkable dawn-dusk asymmetry of the magnetospheric shape under low-density solar wind and Parker-spiral interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) configuration. Here, we present observations consistent with the asymmetric deformation of the magnetosphere under low-$$M_A$$

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solar wind and Parker-spiral IMF conditions, focusing on the significant expansion of the dawn-flank magnetosphere detected by the Geotail spacecraft. A global MHD simulation reproduced the dawnward expansion of the near-Earth magnetosphere, which was consistent with the observation by Geotail. The solar wind flow had a non-negligible dusk-to-dawn component and partly affected the dawnward expansion of the magnetosphere. Local, roughly Alfvénic sunward acceleration of magnetosheath ions at the dawn flank magnetopause suggests magnetosheath plasma entry into the magnetosphere through open field lines generated by magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause. At the same time, Cluster 1 and 3, located near the southern polar cusp, also detected continuous antisunward ion jets and occasional sunward jets, which are consistent with the occurrence of magnetic reconnection near the southern cusp. These observations suggest that enhanced plasma acceleration at the dayside magnetopause operates under the low-$$M_A$$

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solar wind and Parker spiral IMF conditions and that plasma influx across the dawnside magnetopause is at work under such a low-$$M_A$$

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condition. These results can be helpful in understanding interactions between low-$$M_A$$

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solar/stellar winds and celestial objects, such as inner planets and exoplanets.
Graphic Abstract
A proposal for adaptive cruise control balancing followability and comfortability through reinforcement learning
Authors: Maruyama Nagayasu , Mouri Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdaptive cruise control (ACC), which is an extension of conventional cruise control, has been applied in many commercial vehicles. Traditional ACC is controlled by proportional-integral-derivative control or linear quadratic regulation (LQR), which can provide sufficient performance to follow a preceding vehicle. However, they can also cause excessive acceleration and jerk. To avoid these excessive behaviors, we propose reinforcement learning (RL), which can consider various objectives to determine control inputs, as an ACC controller. To balance the performance of following a preceding vehicle and reducing jerk, RL rewards are designed using unique thresholds. Additionally, to balance performance and robustness to the zero-order delay (dead time) of the controlled system, dead time is also considered by scattering it randomly in the learning phase. As a result of this study, an RL agent trained using the proposed RL method and two LQR units specialized for followability and comfortability were simulated using Simulink® (MATLAB®).
Protocol paper: kainic acid excitotoxicity-induced spinal cord injury paraplegia in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Anjum Anam , Cheah Yt Jun , Yazid Muhammad Da’in , Daud Muhammad Fauzi , Idris Jalilah , Ng Min Hwei , Naicker Amaramalar Selvi , Ismail Ohnmar Htwe , Athi Kumar Ramesh Kumar , Tan Geok Chin , Wong Yin Ping , Mahadi Mohd Kaisan , Lokanathan Yogeswaran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Excitotoxicity-induced in vivo injury models are vital to reflect the pathophysiological features of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. The duration and concentration of chemical treatment controls the extent of neuronal cell damage. The extent of injury is explained in relation to locomotor and behavioural activity. Several SCI in vivo methods have been reported and studied extensively, particularly contusion, compression, and transection models. These models depict similar pathophysiology to that in humans but are extremely expensive (contusion) and require expertise (compression). Chemical excitotoxicity-induced SCI models are simple and easy while producing similar clinical manifestations. The kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity model is a convenient, low-cost, and highly reproducible animal model of SCI in the laboratory. The basic impactor approximately cost between 10,000 and 20,000 USD, while the kainic acid only cost between 300 and 500 USD, which is quite cheap as compared to traditional SCI method.

Methods
In this study, 0.05 mM KA was administered at dose of 10 µL/100 g body weight, at a rate of 10 µL/min, to induce spinal injury by intra-spinal injection between the T12 and T13 thoracic vertebrae. In this protocol, detailed description of a dorsal laminectomy was explained to expose the spinal cord, following intra-spinal kainic acid administration at desired location. The dose, rate and technique to administer kainic acid were explained extensively to reflect a successful paraplegia and spinal cord injury in rats. The postoperative care and complication post injury of paraplegic laboratory animals were also explained, and necessary requirements to overcome these complications were also described to help researcher.

Results
This injury model produced impaired hind limb locomotor function with mild seizure. Hence this protocol will help researchers to induce spinal cord injury in laboratories at extremely low cost and also will help to determine the necessary supplies, methods for producing SCI in rats and treatments designed to mitigate post-injury impairment.

Conclusions
Kainic acid intra-spinal injection at the concentration of 0.05 mM, and rate 10 µL/min, is an effective method create spinal injury in rats, however more potent concentrations of kainic acid need to be studied in order to create severe spinal injuries.
Bone envelope for implant placement after alveolar ridge preservation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fischer Kai R. , Solderer Alex , Arlt Kristina , Heumann Christian , Liu Chun Ching , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the dimensional establishment of a bony envelope after alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in order to estimate the surgical feasibility of standard diameter implants placement without any additional augmentation methods.

Methods
PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL databases were searched for suitable titles and abstracts using PICO elements. Inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising at least ten systemically healthy patients; test groups comprised placement of (collagenated) DBBM w/o membrane and control groups of no grafting, respectively. Selected abstracts were checked regarding their suitability, followed by full-text screening and subsequent statistical data analysis. Probabilities and number needed to treat (NNT) for implant placement without any further need of bone graft were calculated.

Results
The initial database search identified 2583 studies. Finally, nine studies with a total of 177 implants placed after ARP with DBBM and 130 implants after SH were included for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation. A mean difference of 1.13 mm in ridge width in favour of ARP with DBBM could be calculated throughout all included studies (95% CI 0.28–1.98, t2 = 1–1063, I2 = 68.0%, p < 0.01). Probabilities for implant placement with 2 mm surrounding bone requiring theoretically no further bone augmentation ranged from 6 to 19% depending on implant diameter (3.25: 19%, RD = 0.19, C = 0.06–0.32, p < 0.01/4.0: 14%, RD = 0.14, C = 0.05–0.23, p < 0.01/5.0: 6%, RD = 0.06, C = 0.00–0.12, p = 0.06).

Conclusion
ARP employing DBBM reduces ridge shrinkage on average by 1.13 mm and improves the possibility to place standard diameter implants with up to 2 mm circumferential bone housing; however, no ARP would have been necessary or additional augmentative bone interventions are still required in 4 out of 5 cases.

Graphical Abstract
Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function: A Systematic Review of the Moderating Role of Intensity and Executive Function Domain
Authors: Huang Tzu-Yu , Chen Feng-Tzu , Li Ruei-Hong , Hillman Charles H. , Cline Trevor L. , Chu Chien-Heng , Hung Tsung-Min , Chang Yu-Kai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Research has demonstrated that there is a beneficial effect of acute exercise on cognitive function; however, the moderators of the acute resistance exercise (RE) effect on executive function (EF) are underestimated. This systematic review aims to clarify the effects of acute RE on EF by examining the moderating effect of exercise intensity (light, moderate, and vigorous) and EF domains (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), as well as their interactions.

Methods
The search strategy was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycARTICLES, and Cochrane Library) prior to January 29, 2022. Included studies had to: (1) investigate acute RE in adults with normal cognition and without diagnosed disease; (2) include a control group or control session for comparison; (3) include outcomes related to the core EF domains; and (4) be published in English. The methodological quality of the included studies was judged according to the PEDro scale guidelines.

Results
Nineteen studies were included which included a total of 692 participants. More than half of the outcomes (24/42, 57.14%) indicate that acute RE had a statistically significant positive effect on overall EF. In terms of RE intensity and EF domain, moderate intensity acute RE benefited EF more consistently than light and vigorous intensity acute RE. Acute RE-induced EF benefits were more often found for inhibitory control than for working memory and cognitive flexibility. When considering moderators simultaneously, measuring inhibitory control after light or moderate intensity RE and measuring working memory or cognitive flexibility after moderate intensity RE most often resulted in statistically significant positive outcomes.

Conclusion
Acute RE has a beneficial effect on EF, observed most consistently for inhibitory control following moderate intensity RE. Future studies should include all exercise intensities and EF domains as well as investigate other potential moderators to enable a better understanding of the benefits of acute RE on EF.
A Proposed Conceptual Sport Nutrition Approach for Athlete Development and Assessment: The Athlete Nutrition Development Approach
Authors: Iwasa-Madge Kevin , Sesbreno Erik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAppropriate dietary intake can improve athletes’ health and sport performance and is a direct result of eating behaviours. Therefore, assessing and shaping athletes’ eating behaviours and dietary intake is critical to the provision of sport nutrition services. As such, nutrition practitioners must also consider the determinants of eating behaviours. However, dietary intake, eating behaviours, and its determinants are inconsistently defined in the literature, requiring nutrition practitioners to navigate a complicated landscape of concepts and terminology. This is further complicated by limitations in practically measuring and influencing eating behaviours and dietary intake. The proposed Athlete Nutrition Development Approach was developed to aid practitioners in servicing decisions through the athlete development process, through a three-tiered approach to sport nutrition service delivery. Tier 1 addresses the determinants of eating behaviours, Tier 2 directly addresses eating behaviours and dietary intake, and Tier 3 addresses the consequences of dietary intake in relation to health and sport performance. Each tier includes tools for assessment and development.
Complex strategies: an integrative analysis of contests in Siamese fighting fish
Authors: Kareklas Kyriacos , Kunc Hansjoerg P. , Arnott Gareth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Animals use contests to attain resources and employ strategic decisions to minimise contest costs. These decisions are defined by behavioural response to resource value and competitive ability, but remain poorly understood. This is because the two factors are typically studied separately. Also, their study relies on overgeneralised assumptions that (i) strategies are fixed, (ii) modulated by the motivation or drive to fight and (iii) used to manage costs proportional to the timing of the loser’s retreat. To address these problems, we adopt an integrative sequential analysis that incorporates competitive ability and resource value factors, to characterise territorial contest decisions in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens).

Results
Individuals exhibited a chronological organisation of behaviour, engaging opponents first with frontal display, then switching to lateral display before deciding to attack, and reserved retreats for later stages. Using asymmetries in retreats as a proxy for outcome, the likelihood of winning was found to be mostly dependent on display. However, resource and contest conditions affected initiation latency, display, attack and retreat, suggesting that strategic decisions influence all behaviour. Overall, sequential behaviour varied consistently with individual aggressiveness and resource-value factors, and increasingly with information on competitive ability collected during the contest. This enabled shifts in tactics, such as disadvantaged individuals responding first with aggression and later with submission. Motivation to continue fighting, after interruption by startle, was also adjusted to information gathered during the contest and progressively with energetic state. Two clusters of correlated behaviours were identified, cost-mitigation (display and retreat) and escalation (initiation and attack), but changes in motivation were associated only with cost mitigation.

Conclusions
Our findings contrast dominant assumptions that strategic decisions are fixed, controlled by motivational state and sufficiently described by outcome-dependent measures. We instead demonstrate that strategic decisions are complex, comprising functional changes in assessment, information use and motivational effects, which are not always inter-dependent.
The risk factors of hemorrhage in stereotactic needle biopsy for brain lesions in a large cohort: 10 years of experience in a single center
Authors: Li Hailong , Zheng Chunling , Rao Wei , Sun Junzhao , Yu Xin , Zhang Jianning 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to identify the risk factors for hemorrhage from a large cohort who underwent stereotactic needle biopsy for brain lesions at a single center over a 10-year period.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy at our institute between January 2010 and December 2019. Demographic characteristics and clinical variables were collected and analyzed to identify risk factors for postbiopsy hemorrhage using the chi-square test and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 3196 patients were included in this study; of these, a histological diagnosis was eventually made for 2938 (91.93%) patients. Hemorrhage occurred in 149 (4.66%) patients, and symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 46 (1.44%) patients. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the presence of deep-seated lesions (OR 1.272, p = 0.035), concomitant edema and enhancement on MR imaging scans (OR 1.827, p = 0.002), intraoperative hypertension without a past history (OR 1.012, p = 0.024), and the presence of high-grade glioma (OR 0.306, p = 0.003) were identified as independent predictors of hemorrhage after biopsy.

Conclusion
Stereotactic needle biopsy is a safe and effective way to obtain tissue from brain lesions for histological diagnosis. The presence of deep-seated lesions, concomitant edema, and enhancement on MR imaging scans and the presence of high-grade glioma are independent predictors of hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy.
An industry-level analysis of the post-Brexit and post-Covid 19 Ro-Ro ferry market and critical maritime freight transport links between the UK and the EU
Authors: Paraskevadakis Dimitrios , Ifeoluwa Adeyeri 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvaluating supply chain system improvements and international economic integration patterns to changes in expenditure requires urgent attention from short to long-term supply chain disruption review. Following the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, the UK and the global economies have been affected. Brexit has affected sectors that rely on cross-border commerce with EU countries, while services that require face-to-face interaction have been negatively impacted by Covid 19. For example, the Roll on Roll off (RoRo) ferry sector has suffered tremendously from the Covid 19 pandemic, which restricts people's travel, and Brexit, which results in the UK having a geographical barrier with the rest of the EU continent. The study examines the ferry RoRo market, maritime links, and its viability in the face of Brexit and the Covid issue between the United Kingdom and short-sea shipping connections with Ireland and continental Europe. Understanding the market is critical since roll-on roll-off (Ro-Ro) traffic plays a significant part in the movement of products between the UK and the EU. Adopting a method mapping provided a defined research paradigm for this study. Mixed-method design technique, a branch of multiple methods research, was employed, resulting in a better understanding of the research topic. The findings demonstrate that nations and the RoRo freight supply chain network have been significantly impacted. However, continuous measures are implemented to ensure continuous freight movement. The study obtained data from 14 respondents and was statistically analysed. The results demonstrate that an organisation's capacity to manage these disturbances significantly impacts its survivability. It also indicates that the government's awareness of the implications of Brexit and Covid 19 significantly determines the impact on organisations. This research concludes that the impact on organisations is minimal, notwithstanding the effects of Brexit and Covid. However, owing to uncertainties, continuous methods for continuous freight transit should be implemented, together with an adequate flow of information.
Distinctive Sans Forgetica font does not benefit memory accuracy in the DRM paradigm
Authors: Huff Mark J. , Maxwell Nicholas P. , Mitchell Anie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA common method used by memory scholars to enhance retention is to make materials more challenging to learn—a benefit termed desirable difficulties. Recently, researchers have investigated the efficacy of Sans Forgetica, a perceptually disfluent/distinctive font which may increase processing effort required at study and enhance memory as a result. We examined the effects of Sans Forgetica relative to a standard control font (Arial) on both correct memory and associative memory errors using the Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm, to evaluate Sans Forgetica effects on overall memory accuracy. Across four experiments, which included nearly 300 participants, Sans Forgetica was found to have no impact on correct or false memory of DRM lists relative to a standard Arial control font, regardless of whether font type was manipulated within or between subjects or whether memory was assessed via free recall or recognition testing. Our results indicate that Sans Forgetica is ineffective for improving memory accuracy even when accounting for associative memory errors.
Does ICT affect the demand for vocationally educated workers?
Authors: Pusterla Filippo , Renold Ursula 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the demand for workers in Switzerland. We compare the hypotheses that an increase in ICT leads to upskilling or job polarization and investigate their implications for countries where vocational education and training (VET) is the most widespread education program at the upper secondary level. Using data from a large employer–employee survey, we create a novel measure of ICT based on the percentage of ICT workers within firms. This measure allows us to assess the impact of ICT on the educational composition of the workforce by exploiting variation over time. We find that ICT has an upskilling effect from 1996 to 2018: ICT decreases the demand for low-skilled workers while increasing the demand for high-skilled workers, especially those with a tertiary vocational education. These results strongly suggest that VET is a valid alternative to a strictly academic education, because workers with a tertiary VET degree are as good, or better, at adjusting to technological change as workers with a tertiary academic education.
Use of embolectomy catheter for lung isolation in pediatric patients undergoing lung decortication surgery: experience of ten cases
Authors: Jain Anuj , Agarwal Abhinav , Kumar Brijesh , Sharma Jai Prakash , Jain Suruchi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric one lung ventilation is challenging to achieve; smaller the child greater is the challenge. Challenge gets bigger due to unavailability of proper sized lung isolation devices. The aim of this case series was to assess the feasibility of using embolectomy catheter for lung isolation in 10 children who were planned to undergo lung decortication surgery.ResultsAge wise predictions of airway diameters were used to select sizes of endotracheal tube and embolectomy catheter. We used a Fogarty catheter, with its tip bent to 30° and placed parallel to a cuffed endotracheal tube, under fiberoptic bronchoscope guidance to achieve lung isolation. Desired lung was deflated passively after achieving lung isolation. Embolectomy catheter cuff position was reconfirmed with bronchoscopy after patient positioning. Ages of children ranged from 2 to 6 years. Four patients required right lung isolation while six required left lung isolation. Dislodgement of embolectomy catheter while positioning or during surgery did not occur in any case. Surgeons reported good to excellent lung isolation in all the cases. All cases were successfully extubated at the end of surgery.ConclusionsEmbolectomy catheter for one lung ventilation in pediatric cases maybe a useful alternative in absence of customized devices.