bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Set‐invariance‐based interpretations for the L1 performance of nonlinear systems with non‐unique solutions
Authors: Choi Hyung Tae , Kim Jung Hoon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with tackling the performance analysis problem of continuous and piecewise continuous nonlinear systems with non‐unique solutions by using the involved arguments of set‐invariance principles. More precisely, this article derives a sufficient condition for the performance of continuous nonlinear systems in terms of the invariant set. With respect to the case such that solving a nonlinear differential equation is difficult and thus an employment of the invariant set‐based sufficient condition is a non‐trivial task, we also derive another sufficient condition through the extended invariance domain approach. Because this extended approach characterizes set‐invariance properties in terms of the corresponding vector field and an extended version of contingent cones, the performance analysis problem could be solved without considering both the explicit solutions for the differential equation and the relevant solution uniqueness. These arguments associated with the performance of continuous systems are further extended to the involved case of piecewise continuous nonlinear systems, and we establish parallel results relevant to the set‐invariance principles obtained for the continuous nonlinear systems. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness as well as the applicability of the overall results derived in this article.
Trends and prospects in the Yangtze River Basin research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Pan Shenyang , Zhang Wenlong , Li Yi , Zhang Chi , Zhang Huanjun , Niu Lihua , Wang Longfei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe management and protection of the world's major river basins have received increasing attention, and a series of related measures, including fishing bans and ecological engineering restoration, has been pioneered in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). This paper provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of research trends and hotspots in the water environment of the YRB through bibliometric means. The database period was from its inception to December 31, 2020. This review combines the changing trends in the water environment of the YRB in the form of keywords. The results show that the governance of the YRB is based on the relationship between “water” and “sediment” as an entry point, focusing on changes in the “temporal” and “spatial” allocation of water resources; further, when considering the problem of “eutrophication” caused by the release of “nitrogen” and “phosphorus” from “sediments,” water quality factors such as “heavy metal pollution” and “organic pollution” are becoming more prominent; then water quality factor affects “biodiversity,” aquatic ecology becomes more and more concerned, and “ecological risk” factor is taken into consideration. Therefore, future management of the YRB requires consideration of all elements of the basin, including water resources, water quality, and aquatic ecology, and how to coordinate these all material elements is the obstacle and breakthrough point. In addition, further studies on research frontiers have revealed that ecological risk, emerging bioinformatics technologies, and, source apportionment will become the new and popular directions and trends in research. This review is intended to provide insights into the management of other large river basins around the world.
The Loss of Work Motivation Among Older Male Employees: Critical Perspectives to Policies Aimed at Extending Working Life in Finland
Authors: Pietilä Ilkka , Ojala Hanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFinnish governments have utilised a ‘stick and carrot’ approach to prolong work careers at the end by both increasing the official retirement age and offering financial incentives for people to work longer. This chapter explores Finnish male metalworkers’ and engineers’ thoughts regarding retirement and prolonging their careers in terms of how men’s motives change as they approach retirement age. Our interviews (conducted in 2010/2011 and 2017) indicated in both groups that the men had lost a great deal of their interest in work and most of them were ready to retire. Rather than focusing on their work ability, both metalworkers and engineers considered it important to secure sufficient health for life in retirement. Quite surprisingly, economic incentives did not seem to play a role in these men’s considerations of retirement in either of the groups, even despite the substantial income differences between them. Instead of additional money, the interviewees thought about their retirement plans in terms of health, mental wellbeing and work-related satisfaction. Our study suggests that future efforts to prolong work careers should therefore focus on improving working conditions and age-friendly work environments.
Orogenic gold: is a genetic association with magmatism realistic?
Authors: Goldfarb Richard J. , Pitcairn Iain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany workers accept a metamorphic model for orogenic gold ore formation, where a gold-bearing aqueous-carbonic fluid is an inherent product of devolatilization across the greenschist-amphibolite boundary with the majority of deposits formed within the seismogenic zone at depths of 6–12 km. Fertile oceanic rocks that source fluid and metal may be heated through varied tectonic scenarios affecting the deforming upper crust (≤ 20–25 km depth). Less commonly, oceanic cover and crust on a downgoing slab may release an aqueous-carbonic metamorphic fluid at depths of 25–50 km that travels up-dip along a sealed plate boundary until intersecting near-vertical structures that facilitate fluid migration and gold deposition in an upper crustal environment. Nevertheless, numerous world-class orogenic gold deposits are alternatively argued to be products of magmatic-hydrothermal processes based upon equivocal geochemical and mineralogical data or simply a spatial association with an exposed or hypothesized intrusion. Oxidized intrusions may form gold-bearing porphyry and epithermal ores in the upper 3–4 km of the crust, but their ability to form economic gold resources at mesozonal (≈ 6–12 km) and hypozonal (≈ > 12 km) depths is limited. Although volatile saturation may be reached in magmatic systems at depths as deep as 10–15 km, such saturation doesn’t indicate magmatic-hydrothermal fluid release. Volatiles typically will be channeled upward in magma and mush to brittle apical roof zones at epizonal levels (≈ < 6 km) before large pressure gradients are reached to rapidly release a focused fluid. Furthermore, gold and sulfur solubility relationships favor relatively shallow formation of magmatic-hydrothermal gold systems; although aqueous-carbonic fluid release from a magmatic system below 6 km would generally be diffuse, even if in cases where it was somehow better focused, it is unlikely to contain substantial gold. Where reduced intrusions form through assimilation of carbonaceous crustal material, subsequent high fluid pressures and hydrofracturing have been shown to lead to development of sheeted veins and greisens at depths of 3–6 km. These products of reduced magmatic-hydrothermal systems, however, typically form Sn and or W ores, with economic low grade gold occurrences (< 1 g/t Au) being formed in rare cases. Thus, whereas most moderate- to high-T orogens host orogenic gold and intrusions, there is no genetic association.
On the relation of GNSS phase center offsets and the terrestrial reference frame scale: a semi-analytical analysis
Authors: Montenbruck Oliver , Steigenberger Peter , Villiger Arturo , Rebischung Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhase center offsets (PCOs) of global navigation satellites systems (GNSS) transmit antennas along the boresight axis introduce line-of-sight-dependent range changes in the modeling of GNSS observations that are strongly correlated with the estimated station heights. As a consequence, changes in the adopted PCOs impact the scale of GNSS-based realizations of the terrestrial reference frame (TRF). Vice versa, changes in the adopted TRF scale require corrections to the GNSS transmit antenna PCOs for consistent observation modeling. Early studies have determined an approximate value of $$\alpha =-0.050$$

α
=
-
0.050

for the ratio of station height changes and satellite PCO changes in GPS orbit determination and phase center adjustment. However, this is mainly an empirical value and limited information is available on the actual PCO-scale relation and how it is influenced by other factors. In view of the recurring need to adjust the IGS antenna models to new ITRF scales, a semi-analytical model is developed to determine values of $$\alpha $$
α
for the four current GNSSs from first principles without a need for actual network data processing. Given the close coupling of satellite boresight angle and station zenith angle, satellite PCO changes are essentially compensated by a combination of station height, zenith troposphere delay, and receiver clock offset. As such, the value of $$\alpha $$
α
depends not only on the orbital altitude of the considered GNSS but also on the elevation-dependent distribution of GNSS observations and their weighting, as well as the elevation mask angle and the tropospheric mapping function. Based on the model, representative values of $$\alpha _\text {GPS}=-0.051$$

α
GPS

=
-
0.051

, $$\alpha _\text {GLO}=-0.055$$

α
GLO

=
-
0.055

, $$\alpha _\text {GAL}=-0.041$$

α
GAL

=
-
0.041

, and $$\alpha _\text {BDS-3}=-0.046$$

α
BDS-3

=
-
0.046

are derived for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou-3 at a $$10^\circ $$

10
∘

elevation cutoff angle. These values may vary by $$\varDelta \alpha \approx 0.003$$

Δ
α
≈
0.003

depending on the specific model assumptions and data processing parameters in a precise orbit determination or precise point positioning. Likewise changes of about $$\pm 0.003$$

±
0.003

can be observed when varying the cutoff angle between $$5^\circ $$

5
∘

and $$15^\circ $$

15
∘

.
Evidence of resource partitioning between fin and sei whales during the twentieth-century whaling period
Authors: Buss Danielle L. , Hearne Ella , Loy Rebecca H. Y. , Manica Andrea , O’Connell Tamsin C. , Jackson Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInvestigating resource partitioning of marine predators is essential for understanding coexistence of sympatric species and the functional role they play in marine ecosystems. Baleen whales are a key component of sub-Antarctic ecosystems, foraging predominantly on zooplankton and small forage fish. During the twentieth century, baleen whales were unsustainably exploited across the Southern Ocean. Within the exclusive economic zone of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI EEZ) in the South Atlantic, approximately 98,000 fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and 16,000 sei whales (B.borealis) were harvested. Despite both species historically occurring in high numbers and feeding in sub-polar waters, little is known about the mechanisms of coexistence. Here, by measuring stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in archived baleen plates and analysing historic catch data, we investigate resource partitioning of fin and sei whale during the commercial whaling period. Temporal and spatial occupancy at SGSSI EEZ (inferred from whaling catches that occurred between 1904 and 1976), alongside historic stomach contents (from the literature), and δ13C and δ15N results (observed in this study), suggests that despite using a common prey resource there was limited overlap in isotopic niches between the two species, with sei whales using SGSSI waters later in the season and for a shorter period than fin whales. We hypothesise that the isotopic differences were most likely due to sei whales foraging at lower latitudes prior to arrival at SGSSI. Our data provide novel insight into how two sympatric whale species co-occurring at SGSSI during the commercial whaling period may have partitioned resources and provide a potential ecological baseline to assess changes in resource use in recovering whale populations.
IT-gestützte Aus- und Weiterbildung im tertiären Bildungsbereich – Informatik und Wirtschaftsinformatik
Authors: Mertens Peter 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer tertiäre Bildungssektor im deutschsprachigen Raum fächert sich zunehmend auf. Das gilt für die Typen von Hochschulen wie auch für die Professuren. Dazu kommen neue technische Möglichkeiten für Fernunterricht per Internet. In der Kombination ergeben sich eine nicht einfach zu ordnende Vielfalt und Unübersichtlichkeit, aber auch Elemente eines fruchtbaren Wettbewerbs.Die Informatik und ihre Anwendungsfächer, wegen ihrer Marktnähe vor allem die Wirtschaftsinformatik, sind einerseits Gegenstand der Aus- und Weiterbildung, auch weil ihre dynamische Weiterentwicklung in Grundlagen und Anwendungen vielfältiges neues Wissen, Technologien und Techniken hervorbringt, die verbreitet werden müssen. Andererseits sind sie auch bildungsökonomisches Werkzeug, um die Effizienz der Aus- und Weiterbildungsprozesse zu steigern. Beispielsweise können sie mit ihren Forschungsergebnissen zur Personalisierung und Benutzermodellierung die Didaktik der Online-Kurse verfeinern oder Techniken zur Verhinderung von Betrug bei Online-Prüfungen entwickeln.Durch neue, gut durchdachte Arbeitsteilung und marktwirtschaftliche Konkurrenz ebenso wie Kooperation – vergleichbar mit Güter- und Dienstleistungsmärkten – könnten auch in der Ausbildung und in der Weiterbildung Effizienz- und Kostenvorteile für die beteiligten Institutionen, Lehrenden und Lernenden entstehen. Wegen der wahrscheinlich in den nächsten Dekaden noch stärker als gegenwärtig schon eintretenden Sparzwänge und Fachkräfteengpässe sind einschlägige Überlegungen, Ausarbeitung von Szenarien und Pilotversuche zu empfehlen. Allerdings müsste ein „optimaler Koordinierungsgrad“ angestrebt werden. In Anbetracht der föderalen Struktur des Bildungswesens in Deutschland und der Gefahr, dass eine bürokratielastige europaweite Vereinheitlichung gefordert wird, wäre dies eine sehr anspruchsvolle Aufgabe.
Learning how to perform ultrasound-guided interventions with and without augmented reality visualization: a randomized study
Authors: Farshad-Amacker Nadja A. , Kubik-Huch Rahel A. , Kolling Christoph , Leo Cornelia , Goldhahn Jörg 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Augmented reality (AR), which entails overlay of in situ images onto the anatomy, may be a promising technique for assisting image-guided interventions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the learning experience and performance of untrained operators in puncture of soft tissue lesions, when using AR ultrasound (AR US) compared with standard US (sUS).

Methods
Forty-four medical students (28 women, 16 men) who had completed a basic US course, but had no experience with AR US, were asked to perform US-guided biopsies with both sUS and AR US, with a randomized selection of the initial modality. The experimental setup aimed to simulate biopsies of superficial soft tissue lesions, such as for example breast masses in clinical practice, by use of a turkey breast containing olives. Time to puncture(s) and success (yes/no) of the biopsies was documented. All participants completed questionnaires about their coordinative skills and their experience during the training.

Results
Despite having no experience with the AR technique, time to puncture did not differ significantly between AR US and sUS (median [range]: 17.0 s [6–60] and 14.5 s [5–41], p = 0.16), nor were there any gender-related differences (p = 0.22 and p = 0.50). AR US was considered by 79.5% of the operators to be the more enjoyable means of learning and performing US-guided biopsies. Further, a more favorable learning curve was achieved using AR US.

Conclusions
Students considered AR US to be the preferable and more enjoyable modality for learning how to obtain soft tissue biopsies; however, they did not perform the biopsies faster than when using sUS.

Key Points
• Performance of standard and augmented reality US-guided biopsies was comparable
• A more favorable learning curve was achieved using augmented reality US.
• Augmented reality US was the preferred technique and was considered more enjoyable
Temporal sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst in children: treatment outcome following microsurgical cyst fenestration with special emphasis on cyst reduction and subdural collection
Authors: Tomita Tadanori , Kwasnicki Amanda M. , McGuire Laura S. , Dipatri Arthur J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Controversy remains regarding surgical managements of sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst (SFAC). This review presents our experience in the microsurgical fenestration of pediatric patients with SFAC to define surgical indication, and risks and benefits with special emphasis on postoperative subdural fluid collection (SDFC) and cyst size reduction.

Methods
Thirty-four children with SFAC who underwent microsurgical cyst fenestration at a single institution over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed for their clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and postsurgical course. The SFACs were classified by a novel grading system based on the degree of arachnoid cyst extension from the sylvian fissure to the insular cistern shown on MR images: grade 0 — little or no prominence of sylvian fissure, grade I — SFAC confined to the sylvian fissure, grade II — SFAC partially extending to the insular cistern, grade III — SFAC extending to the entire insular cistern.

Results
There were 26 males and 8 females. SFAC was present in the left side in 24. Twelve patients presented with cyst rupturing to the subdural space. Cyst grading did not show significant difference compared with rupture status (p > 0.9). All patients underwent microsurgical cyst fenestration. Postoperative SDFC is common but often resolved overtime in two-thirds of the cases with the mean average of 6 months. However, 3 patients had symptomatic postoperative SDFC and needed reoperation shortly after the first operation. Microsurgical cyst fenestrations for SFAC effectively resolved the presenting symptoms and often showed restorations of intracranial structures on follow-up imaging. Cyst resolution or reduction greater than 75% was noted in 61.8% of the patients postoperatively which was noted in a half of the SFAC of children even with age of 11 years or older. During the follow-up, no cyst recurrence or SDFC was noted. Patients with greater surgical reduction of cyst size tended to occur in younger children, and those with lower MR grade.

Conclusion
Our results showed a high reduction rate of SFAC and brain re-expansion after microsurgical fenestration together with symptomatic improvements regardless the patient’s age. Considering the developing CNS during childhood, reductions of a large space-occupying lesion followed by restorations of the structural integrity of the developing brain are very desirable. However, a multi-center cooperative prospective longitudinal study on long-term comparative data of those treated and untreated of neuro-psychological outcome and cyst rupture incidence is needed.
The left-lateralisation of citrate synthase activity in the anterior cingulate cortex of male violent suicide victims
Authors: Karnecki Karol , Świerczyński Julian , Steiner Johann , Krzyżanowska Marta , Kaliszan Michał , Gos Tomasz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe anterior cingulate cortex (AC) as a part of prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in behavioural regulation, which is profoundly disturbed in suicide. Citrate synthase (CS) is a key enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle fundamental for brain energetics and neurotransmitter synthesis, which are deteriorated in suicidal behaviour. However, CS activity has not been yet studied in brain structures of suicide victims. CS activity assay was performed bilaterally on frozen samples of the rostral part of the AC of 24 violent suicide completers (21 males and 3 females) with unknown psychiatric diagnosis and 24 non-suicidal controls (20 males and 4 females). Compared to controls, suicide victims revealed decreased CS activity in the right AC, however, insignificant. Further statistical analysis of laterality index revealed the left-lateralisation of CS activity in the AC in male suicides compared to male controls (U-test P = 0.0003, corrected for multiple comparisons). The results were not confounded by postmortem interval, blood alcohol concentration, age, and brain weight. Our findings suggest that disturbed CS activity in the AC plays a role in suicide pathogenesis and correspond with our previous morphological and molecular studies of prefrontal regions in suicide.
Reduced cortical neuron number and neuron density in schizophrenia with focus on area 24: a post-mortem case–control study
Authors: Gaus Richard , Popal Melanie , Heinsen Helmut , Schmitt Andrea , Falkai Peter , Hof Patrick R. , Schmitz Christoph , Vollhardt Alisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStructural and functional abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have frequently been identified in schizophrenia. Alterations of von Economo neurons (VENs), a class of specialized projection neurons, have been found in different neuropsychiatric disorders and are also suspected in schizophrenia. To date, however, no definitive conclusions can be drawn about quantitative histologic changes in the ACC in schizophrenia because of a lack of rigorous, design-based stereologic studies. In the present study, the volume, total neuron number and total number of VENs in layer V of area 24 were determined in both hemispheres of postmortem brains from 12 male patients with schizophrenia and 11 age-matched male controls. To distinguish global from local effects, volume and total neuron number were also determined in the whole area 24 and whole cortical gray matter (CGM). Measurements were adjusted for hemisphere, age, postmortem interval and fixation time using an ANCOVA model. Compared to controls, patients with schizophrenia showed alterations, with lower mean total neuron number in CGM (− 14.9%, P = 0.007) and in layer V of area 24 (− 21.1%, P = 0.002), and lower mean total number of VENs (− 28.3%, P = 0.027). These data provide evidence for ACC involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and complement neuroimaging findings of impaired ACC connectivity in schizophrenia. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesis that the clinical presentation of schizophrenia, particularly deficits in social cognition, is associated with pathology of VENs.
„Sie erscheint durch ihr Übergewicht keineswegs entstellt.“
Authors: Singer Susanne , Blanck Julian , Maier Lena , Tischner Cora-Lisa 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungWie nehmen Psychoanalytiker*innen ihre männlichen bzw. weiblichen Patient*innen wahr? Anhand von Textanalysen der Berichte an den Gutachter aus Anträgen zur Kostenübernahme für Psychotherapien untersuchten wir, ob es hierbei geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede gibt. Es wurden 20 Berichte von Patienten und 20 Berichte von Patientinnen qualitativ analysiert, resultierend in 399 kodierten Textsegmenten.Es zeigte sich, dass bei Frauen deutlich häufiger über deren Aussehen (Frisur, Körperbau, Augen, Kleidungsstil und so weiter) geschrieben wird. Auch in der Bewertung des Aussehens zeigten sich Unterschiede: Patientinnen wurden häufiger als hübsch/attraktiv oder als kindlich/jünger wirkend beschrieben, während diese Attribute fast nie bei Männern verwendet wurden. Diese wurden hingegen häufiger als überdurchschnittlich intelligent geschildert.In der Gegenübertragung zeigten sich bei Frauen häufiger Gefühle von Vorsichtig-sein-Müssen, aber auch von Mitgefühl und Sympathie, bei Männern hingegen häufiger der Wunsch, sie zu beschützen und ihnen zu helfen, der Wunsch, sie zu begrenzen, sowie Ärger/Wut.Diese Befunde legen nahe, dass Genderstereotype bei der Wahrnehmung von (und dem Schreiben über) Patient*innen eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.