bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring adoption effects of subsidies and soil fertility management in Malawi
Authors: Khonje Makaiko G. , Nyondo Christone , Chilora Lemekezani , Mangisoni Julius H. , Ricker‐Gilbert Jacob , Burke William J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFarm input subsidies and integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) technologies are popular policy interventions in sub‐Saharan Africa, often with the stated goals of increasing crop yields and incomes while reducing hunger and poverty. However, little is known about the combined adoption effects of input subsidies and ISFM technologies on farm productivity and household nutrition in developing countries. Using a decade of nationally representative panel data from Malawi, we analyse joint adoption effects of input subsidies and ISFM technologies on smallholder household welfare. We use multivariate probit, dynamic random effects probit, and multinomial endogenous treatment effects models to account for selection bias and endogeneity originating from both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We find that participation in a farm input subsidy programme is strongly associated with a 15–29 percentage point increase in the probabilities of adoption of three ISFM technologies: conservation agriculture, soil and water conservation, and organic fertiliser. Furthermore, we find that the joint use of input subsidies and ISFM technologies increased crop income and micronutrient consumption by at least 12%. Our findings suggest that the joint use of input subsidies and ISFM technologies are among potential strategies to address low productivity and nutritional insecurity through improvements in soil health.
Prevention and management of acneiform rash associated with EGFR inhibitor therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gorji Mahdieh , Joseph Joseph , Pavlakis Nick , Smith Saxon D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are established therapies for advanced lung, colorectal, and head and neck cancers. They commonly cause acneiform eruptions that affect patient quality of life and may lead to discontinuation of therapy.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was undertaken to assess strategies for the prevention and reactive management of acneiform rash associated with EGFR inhibitor therapy for advanced lung, colorectal, and head and neck cancers. A systematic Medline, Embase, and EBM Reviews database search was conducted on the 2nd of January 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement was followed and the studies were critically appraised. Studies were selected if they focused on preventing or treating acneiform eruptions in adults being treated for advanced lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and head and neck cancers with EGFR inhibitors.ResultsOral antibiotics had the greatest efficacy in preventing grade 2 or higher acneiform eruptions with a relative risk reduction of 40% (RR = .6, 95% CI .46–.79, p < .01). Other treatment modalities did not have statistically significant results. Topical antibiotics had a total relative risk reduction of 19% (RR = .81, 95% CI .45–1.48, p = .5). Vitamin K1 cream did not reduce the relative risk (RR = 1.08, 95% CI .45–1.48, p = .50). Sunscreen had a total relative risk reduction of 25% (RR = .75, 95% CI .49–1.14, p = .18).ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis reinforce the fact that oral tetracycline antibiotics are the most efficacious prophylactic option for acneiform eruptions in EGFR inhibitors. They should be offered to suitable patients commencing treatment and used with a general skin‐care routine involving emollients and avoidance of irritants.
Patient and kidney transplant survival in type 1 diabetics after kidney transplant alone compared to simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant
Authors: Hedley James A. , Kelly Patrick J. , Webster Angela C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDonor and other differences mean understanding drivers of transplant survival for type 1 diabetics is challenging. We aimed to compare outcomes of simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant over kidney transplant alone for people with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe performed a population‐based cohort study comparing outcomes from kidney alone and kidney‐pancreas transplants using registry data. Our study population was people in Australia and New Zealand with type 1 diabetes and ESKD who received a kidney transplant in 1984–2016. Primary outcomes were time to kidney transplant failure and all‐cause death. Secondary outcomes were time to cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular death. We compared adjusted survival using Cox regression (hazard ratio HR and 95% confidence intervals CI).ResultsOf 1295 type 1 diabetics receiving a transplant, 430 (33%) received deceased donor kidney, 172 (13%) received living donor kidney, and 693 (54%) received pancreas‐kidney transplant. Compared to deceased donor kidney, pancreas‐kidney recipients had 40% lower rate of kidney transplant failure (adjusted HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.45–0.81;p = 0.001) and 34% lower mortality (adjusted HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.53–0.83;p < 0.001), driven by 49% reduction in cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.36–0.72;p < 0.001). Pancreas‐kidney recipients had similar reductions in transplant failure and mortality compared to living kidney recipients, after adjusting for transplant timing.ConclusionsFor people with type 1 diabetes, pancreas‐kidney transplant provides improved transplant and overall survival compared to deceased donor kidney alone. Living donor kidneys may perform just as well as pancreas‐kidney transplant if waiting times are short.
Ant nest distribution and richness have opposite effects on a Neotropical plant with extrafloral nectaries
Authors: Moura Renan Fernandes , Couto Cynthia Martins Villar , Del‐Claro Kleber 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies assessing the effects of the spatial distribution of ant nests on ant‐plant mutualisms are rare, even though they could be decisive to the outcomes of such interactions. Here, we investigated how ant nest abundance and richness affected a Neotropical plant with extrafloral nectaries (EFN),Smilax polyantha(Smilacaceae).We used baits to sample all nests of mutualistic ants within a 12 m radius of each plant. All neighbouring plants with EFN within 10 m of each tagged plant were also sampled. We measured foliar herbivory and fruit production of eachS. polyantha. We hypothesized that (i) high numbers of ant nests nearS. polyanthaindividuals would reduce foliar herbivory and increase fruit production, and that (ii) high ant nest richness would increase foliar herbivory and reduce fruit production.Results showed that plants surrounded by more ant nests had lower foliar herbivory and higher fruit production. However, ant nest richness was associated with higher foliar herbivory. Furthermore, plants producing more leaves and those surrounded by more neighbouring plants with EFN had reduced herbivory. Despite this,S. polyanthahad low numbers of ant nests and reduced fruit production when surrounded by high numbers of neighbours with EFN.We suggest that the spatial distribution of ant nests and resources (plants with EFN) play an important role in ant‐mediated mutualisms, where both ants and plants are likely competing for each other's services. Thus, incorporating these two variables in ecological models should provide insights into how protective mutualisms are structured.
Protective effects of cordycepin against d‐galactose‐induced aging in rats: A view from the heart
Authors: Feng Yuanxi , Huang Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AimsAging is a critical contributing factor for cardiovascular diseases. The d‐galactose‐induced accelerated aging model is comparable to physiological aging from the cellular to the physiological level. The d‐galactose treatment induces mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and upregulation of senescence‐related genes. Cordycepin, a functional element in Chinese traditional medicine, has multiple beneficial effects as an antioxidant and ROS scavenger, and has been reported to be effective in a number of ischemia models. This paper aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of cordycepin in the d‐galactose accelerated aging model.MethodsIn the current study, we employed the d‐galactose accelerated aging model to study the cardioprotective effect of cordycepin. Eight‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats, randomly divided into five groups, were given vehicle, d‐galactose (150 mg/kg/day), and cordycepin at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg per day. At the end of the 8‐week treatment, rat cardiac structure and function were assessed with echocardiographic imaging and hemodynamic parameter analysis.ResultsCordycepin upregulated the expression of Klotho in serum and heart tissues. The expressions of senescence markers β‐galactosidase, p21, and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were downregulated by cordycepin treatment. Reduction of levels and activity of the antioxidant factors superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) induced by by d‐galactose treatment was ameliorated by cordycepin. Furthermore, cordycepin activated AMPK signaling in d‐galactose‐treated rats. After 8 weeks of treatment, we found that cordycepin improved myocardia contractility and hypertension caused by d‐galactose treatment. Mechanistically, reduced expression of the Klotho protein SOD1 caused by d‐galactose was recovered in rats co‐treated with cordycepin.ConclusionCordycepin could protect against cardiac dysfunction in a d‐galactose‐induced aging rat model, suggesting the therapeutic cardioprotective potential of cordycepin in aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 433–440.
The development of world language speaking and writing in US higher education: A longitudinal case study
Authors: Hubert Michael D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeeting the specific needs of each individual learner in an inclusive world language (WL) curriculum is key to success in the modern classroom. A learner's innate or previously learned writing ability is thought to affect speaking ability (and vice versa), with the stronger of the two skills helping to prop up the weaker skill. However, this proposed relationship is not well understood at this point. This longitudinal study followed a cohort of 27 WL majors and minors in Chinese, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish over the course of 3–4 years of university study; examined the different language courses that they completed; and measured their proficiency at the end of each academic year. Results indicate largely symmetrical development of speaking and writing, with significant exceptions.
Preverbal infants’ sensitivity to grammatical dependencies
Authors: Babineau Mireille , Christophe Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring their first months of life, infants can already distinguish function words (e.g., pronouns and determiners) from content words (e.g., verbs and nouns). Little research has explored preverbal infants' sensitivity to the relationships between these word categories. This preregistered study examines whether French‐learning 8‐ and 11‐month‐olds track the grammatical dependencies between determiners and nouns as well as pronouns and verbs. Using the Visual Fixation Procedure, infants were presented with lists containing either grammatical (e.g., tu manges “you eat”, des biberons “some bottles”) or ungrammatical (e.g., des manges “some eat”, tu biberons “you bottle”) phrases. In Experiment 1 (N = 59), the lists involved common nouns and verbs, while in Experiment 2 (N = 28), only common verbs were used. Eleven‐month‐olds showed a clear preference for correct over incorrect co‐occurrences in both experiments, while 8‐month‐olds showed a trend in the same direction. These results suggest that before their first birthday, infants' storage and access of words and word sequences are sufficiently sophisticated to include the means to track categorical dependencies. This early sensitivity to co‐occurrence patterns may be greatly beneficial for constraining lexical access and later on for learning novel words' syntactic and semantic properties.
Novel DNA‐based in situ hybridization method to detect Desmozoon lepeophtherii in Atlantic salmon tissues
Authors: Herrero Ana , Palenzuela Oswaldo , Rodger Hamish , Matthews Chris , Marcos‐López Mar , Bron James E. , Dagleish Mark P. , Thompson Kim D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe microsporidian Desmozoon lepeophtherii Freeman and Sommerville, 2009 is considered significant in the pathogenesis of gill disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758). Due to the difficulty in detecting D. lepeophtherii in tissue sections, infections are normally diagnosed by molecular methods, routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained gill tissue sections and the use of other histochemical stains and labels to confirm the presence of spores. An in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol specific for D. lepeophtherii was developed using DIG‐labelled oligonucleotide probes. Diseased Atlantic salmon gills were analysed by ISH, calcofluor white (CW) and H&E. All methods showed high levels of specificity (100%) in their ability to detect D. lepeophtherii, but the sensitivity was higher with ISH (92%), compared with CW (64%) and the presence of microvesicles on H&E stained sections (52%). High levels of D. lepeophtherii spores were significantly associated (p < .05) with the development of D. lepeophtherii‐associated pathology in the gills, with Ct values below 19 and over 100 microsporidia/10 mm2 of gill tissue (from the ISH counts) seemingly necessary for the development of microvesicles. The ISH method has the advantage over other histological techniques in that it allows all life stages of the microsporidian to be detected in infected salmon gill tissue sections.
Community‐acquired bacterial meningitis in patients of 80 years and older
Authors: van Soest Thijs M. , Chekrouni Nora , van Sorge Nina M. , Brouwer Matthijs C. , van de Beek Diederik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced age is a risk factor for unfavorable outcome in community‐acquired bacterial meningitis, but clinical characteristics and outcome in meningitis patients of 80 years or older have not been defined.MethodsWe compared clinical characteristics and outcome of community‐acquired bacterial meningitis patients aged 80 years or older and adults under 80 years old within a prospective nationwide cohort study.ResultsOut of 2140 episodes identified between March 2006 and July 2018, 149 occurred in patients aged 80 years or older (7%). Common predisposing factors other than age were diabetes mellitus (25 of 148 [17%]), otitis or sinusitis (30 of 136 [22%]), and pneumonia (23 of 141 [16%]). The triad of fever, neck stiffness and altered consciousness was present in 60 of 139 (43%). The most common causative pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (99 of 149 [66%]). Atypical causative pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, occurred more often compared to younger patients (49 of 149 [33%] vs 362 of 1991 [18%]; p < 0.001). Patients of 80 years and older had high case fatality rate (75 of 149 [50%]), but 45 of 149 (30%) had a favorable outcome. Characteristics associated with an unfavorable outcome were absence of otitis or sinusitis, presence of aphasia, mono‐ or hemiparesis, a lower score on the Glasgow Coma Scale, a higher heart rate, a higher blood C‐reactive protein concentration and CSF leukocytes <100 per mm3.ConclusionsBacterial meningitis in patients of 80 years of older is associated with high rates of unfavorable outcome and death. Atypical causative pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. coli occur commonly and should be considered when starting empirical antimicrobial therapy in this age group.
Stronger together: Developing research partnerships with social impact organizations
Authors: Bublitz Melissa G. , Peracchio Laura A. , Davis Brennan , Escalas Jennifer Edson , Hansen Jonathan , Miller Elizabeth G. , Vallen Beth , White Tiffany B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA growing number of Transformative Consumer Research (TCR) academic community members are establishing research partnerships with Social Impact Organizations (SIOs) such as nonprofits, public policy entities, and other societally focused organizations and initiatives. These relational engagement partnerships with SIOs are vital for TCR researchers because SIOs have deep connections to people and communities where transformative change takes place. We leverage insights from TCR researchers and SIOs engaged in relational engagement partnerships to outline a framework for such partnerships that supports and sustains these collaborations, furthers knowledge creation, and lays the groundwork for social impact. Our goal is to offer a framework for relational engagement partnerships that can propagate within the TCR community, encouraging fruitful collaborations between TCR researchers and SIOs that have the potential to create positive social impact.
Key learnings from COVID‐19 to sustain quality of life for families of individuals with IDD
Authors: Wanjagua Rachael , Hepburn Stevie‐Jae , Faragher Rhonda , John Shaji Thomas , Gayathri K. , Gitonga Margaret , Meshy Cecylia Francis , Miranda Lucena , Sindano Devis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 has very publicly had profound impacts on the health system of every country in the world. Over 4.5 million people have lost their lives. School closures worldwide where up to 1.6 billion of the world’s children have been out of school, are also prominent in world news. Behind these public impacts are the families. In this paper, we focus on the experiences of families with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) through analysis of two data sets: the emerging research literature and contributions from our author team who have lived experience of intellectual and developmental disability in the context of COVID‐19. From these two data sets, we discern five themes of the impact of the pandemic: on health, on education, on services and supports, on families and finally on relationships beyond the family. We conclude with lessons from those living with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the carers and the individuals themselves to draw implications for supporting families in the context of disability during future pandemics.
Glutathione contributes to plant defence against parasitic cyst nematodes
Authors: Hasan M. Shamim , Chopra Divykriti , Damm Anika , Koprivova Anna , Kopriva Stanislav , Meyer Andreas J. , Müller‐Schüssele Stefanie , Grundler Florian M. W. , Siddique Shahid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyst nematodes (CNs) are an important group of root‐infecting sedentary endoparasites that severely damage many crop plants worldwide. An infective CN juvenile enters the host's roots and migrates towards the vascular cylinder, where it induces the formation of syncytial feeding cells, which nourish the CN throughout its parasitic stages. Here, we examined the role of glutathione (l‐γ‐glutamyl‐l‐cysteinyl‐glycine) inArabidopsis thalianaon infection with the CNHeterodera schachtii.Arabidopsislines with mutationspad2,cad2, orzir1in the glutamate–cysteine ligase (GSH1) gene, which encodes the first enzyme in the glutathione biosynthetic pathway, displayed enhanced CN susceptibility, but susceptibility was reduced forrax1, anotherGSH1allele. Biochemical analysis revealed differentially altered thiol levels in these mutants that was independent of nematode infection. All glutathione‐deficient mutants exhibited impaired activation of defence marker genes as well as genes for biosynthesis of the antimicrobial compound camalexin early in infection. Further analysis revealed a link between glutathione‐mediated plant resistance to CN infection and the production of camalexin on nematode infection. These results suggest that glutathione levels affect plant resistance to CN by fine‐tuning the balance between the cellular redox environment and the production of compounds related to defence against infection.
Middle to late Holocene sedimentary filling history of the Sebkha el Melah in south‐eastern Tunisia
Authors: Ben Ameur Mariem , Masmoudi Sameh , Omar Hamdi , Ouameni Imen , Medhioub Mounir , Yaich Chokri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sedimentological and geochemical properties of a 146 cm long sediment core collected from Sebkha el Melah (Ml core) in south‐eastern Tunisia have been used to infer the genesis and evolution of the Sebkha el Melah over the last 5000 years. Two main sedimentary units have been defined: a huntite [Mg3Ca(CO3)4] unit at the bottom of core Ml is covered by a second unit made up of siliciclastic and evaporitic materials. The huntite level is synchronous with Holocene marine transgression, which was followed by a regression of about 5300 years bp. Geochemical data (major and trace element), magnetic analyses, grain‐size distribution and microtexture of quartz grains were performed to assess the sediment provenance. The upper unit of Ml core is characterized by alternations between fluvial, aeolian and evaporite deposits. Redox proxies displaying marked Fe/Ca and Rb/S peaks, in addition to high magnetic susceptibility (MS) values, polymodal grain‐size frequency curves, as well as sub‐angular grains with V‐shaped percussion cracks, are suggestive of palaeohydrological events. In contrast, a decreasing trend in the low MS values, bi‐modal grain‐size frequency curves as well as well‐rounded quartz grains with crescent percussion marks would indicate enhanced aeolian sand input in the sebkah el Melah sequence. Moreover, geochemical proxies suggest formation of evaporite facies under a strongly warm climate contemporary with marine intrusion.
How do I implement an outpatient program for the administration of convalescent plasma for COVID‐19?
Authors: Bloch Evan M. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Shoham Shmuel , Hanley Daniel F. , Gniadek Thomas J. , Cachay Edward R. , Meisenberg Barry R. , Kafka Kimberly , Marshall Christi , Heath Sonya L. , Shenoy Aarthi , Paxton James H. , Levine Adam , Forthal Donald , Fukuta Yuriko , Huaman Moises A. , Ziman Alyssa , Adamski Jill , Gerber Jonathan , Cruser Daniel , Kassaye Seble G. , Mosnaim Giselle S. , Patel Bela , Metcalf Ryan A. , Anjan Shweta , Reisler Ronald B. , Yarava Anusha , Lane Karen , McBee Nichol , Gawad Amy , Raval Jay S. , Zand Martin , Abinante Matthew , Broderick Patrick B. , Casadevall Arturo , Sullivan David , Gebo Kelly A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConvalescent plasma, collected from donors who have recovered from a pathogen of interest, has been used to treat infectious diseases, particularly in times of outbreak, when alternative therapies were unavailable. The COVID‐19 pandemic revived interest in the use of convalescent plasma. Large observational studies and clinical trials that were executed during the pandemic provided insight into how to use convalescent plasma, whereby high levels of antibodies against the pathogen of interest and administration early within the time course of the disease are critical for optimal therapeutic effect. Several studies have shown outpatient administration of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) to be both safe and effective, preventing clinical progression in patients when administered within the first week of COVID‐19. The United States Food and Drug Administration expanded its emergency use authorization (EUA) to allow for the administration of CCP in an outpatient setting in December 2021, at least for immunocompromised patients or those on immunosuppressive therapy. Outpatient transfusion of CCP and infusion of monoclonal antibody therapies for a highly transmissible infectious disease introduces nuanced challenges related to infection prevention. Drawing on our experiences with the clinical and research use of CCP, we describe the logistical considerations and workflow spanning procurement of qualified products, infrastructure, staffing, transfusion, and associated management of adverse events. The purpose of this description is to facilitate the efforts of others intent on establishing outpatient transfusion programs for CCP and other antibody‐based therapies.