bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value added in sawmilling industry in the Czech Republic
Authors: Palátová Petra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with sawmilling and timber processing capacities in the territory of the Czech Republic. Selected operations are sawmills with the annual processing capacity over 10,000 m3, further divided into groups by the annual volume of processed raw material. In total 35 companies, which were chosen at random, were compared based on the indicator of value added per employee. The results show that the value added considerably differed not only among the groups but also within the individual groups of sawmill establishments.
Tree-ring widths as an indicator of air pollution stress and climate conditions in different Norway spruce forest stands in the Krkonoše Mts.
Authors: Putalová Tereza , Vacek Zdeněk , Vacek Stanislav , Štefančík Igor , Bulušek Daniel , Král Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The negative effect of air pollution on mountain spruce stands culminated in the 70s – 90s of the 20th century, when an extensive dieback and disturbance of stands occurred in the Krkonoše Mts., the Czech Republic. Dendrochronological analysis was used on ten permanent research plots established in 1976–1980 to document the dynamics of radial increment of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). The objective was to determine the effect of SO2, NOX and O3 concentrations and precipitation and temperatures on spruce radial growth in climax forests, waterlogged forests and cultivated forests. The results document the strong depression of diameter increment in the period 1979–1991 caused by synergism of climatic extremes and high SO2 pollution in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century. After 2000 climate had prevailing effect on radial growth. Spruce increment was in positive correlation with temperature, particularly with temperature in the growing season and annual temperature of the current year. In general, temperature had a more significant effect on increment than precipitation, mainly in climax and peaty spruce stands. Diameter increment was in significant negative correlation with SO2 and NOX concentrations in all types of stands. Overall, peaty spruce stands were the most vulnerable to air pollution stress. Low radial increments were caused also by climate extremes, historically by strong frosts and winter desiccation in early spring, nowadays in time of climatic changes by extreme drought. Spruce stands have the ability of quickly responding by tree-ring width to both negative and positive impulses related with air pollution and climate.
Determining the Response Over Time, Current Amplification, Input and Output Resistance of a Parallel-Series Amplifier
Authors: Puchianu D.C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study determines the behavior type of the parallel-series amplifier and determines the amplification of the basic amplifier, the input and output resistance, as well as the amplification of the reaction network and the input and output resistance of the reaction network. With the help of the negative reaction, the designer can change the properties of the amplifier. Thus, a dynamic, automatic stability of the amplification system is obtained.
Battery Management System for an Electric Vehicle
Authors: Issa F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the electric vehicle industry, a battery management system is needed when voltages are in the value of hundreds of volts. The battery management system is not only used to estimate the remaining capacity of the batteries but also to prevent various hazards that may occur in case of improper use. The paper offers a review of the battery management system that is used in the modern electric vehicles. The system is described along with its functions including the practical methods for balancing the battery and the type of batteries used in the automotive industry.
Home Automation System Using ESP8266 Microcontroller and Blynk Application
Authors: Visan I. , Diaconu E.M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes the creation of a home automation system using an ESP8266 microcontroller and the Blynk application. The system consists of 2 sensors responsible for measuring the temperature/humidity and the level of brightness in the building, a 4-channel relay module responsible for controlling 4 devices/appliances/electrical installations and an LED that demonstrates its control through a PWM signal provided by the ESP8266 microcontroller. Using the Blynk application this system can be controlled and monitored via a Wi-Fi connection directly on the mobile device which makes this system an IoT (Internet of Things) one. The programming of the system was done in the Arduino IDE program using the already existing libraries for the sensors and for the Blynk application. The mobile application used for controlling and monitoring the system is able to display information about temperature /humidity, brightness and on the control side, the application allows the user to individually operate each channel of the relay module and the LED.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Allium Ursinum
Authors: Krivokapic Milos , Bradic Jovana , Petkovic Anica , Popovic Marina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Allium ursinum L. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Alliaceae family. Several classes of bioactive compounds have been isolated from A. ursinum so far, among them sulfur and phenolic compounds as quantitatively the most distributed constituents, responsible for pharmaceutical eff ects of the plant. Small amounts of steroidal glucosides, lecitins, fatty acids and several amino acids, as well as the essential oil are also present in A. ursinum. This plant species is characterized by a long history of use in traditional medicine in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, as digestive stimulant, antimicrobial agent, as a remedy in respiratory problems, insomnia and fainting. Despite its widespread use for medicinal purposes since the ancient time, studies referring to its pharmacological activity are still lacking. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge related to the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Allium ursinum. This study may be a starting point for future researches in this field, which would fully clarify therapeutic potential of A. ursinum and make it a possible candidate for medicinal product.
Implementasi Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hartati Sandra , Fathah Rigel Nurul 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the management of village fund allocation and the effectiveness of financial performance in South Pringgasela Village which has received budget reductions during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods through interviews, observation and documentation. The results show that the management of village fund allocation in South Pringgasela Village technically and administratively has been carried out well based on the timeliness of disbursement of village funds allocation, and the effectiveness level of financial performance by 92% indicates that the financial performance is effective based on the achievement of goals, timeliness, suitability benefits, and expectations of society.
Prosopographie et biographie : regards croisés sur la magistrature coloniale belge
Authors: Ngongo Enika , Piret Bérengère , Montel Laurence , le Polain de Waroux Pascaline 
Published: February 2022

L’article présente l’avancement et les perspectives du projet « Belgafrima : prosopographie des magistrats coloniaux » (Belgafrican Magistrates) qui élargit au terrain ultramarin la prosopographie des magistrats belges et l’établissement de la carte judiciaire. Le but étant d’entreprendre, à partir des données biographiques saisies, une étude du corps judiciaire colonial. Celle-ci doit mettre en évidence les carrières et réseaux de ces membres tout en prêtant attention aux contraintes collectives comme aux stratégies individuelles. Il est d’abord fait retour sur les sources de cette recherche et sur les difficultés techniques que cette extension du sujet a posées à une base de données pensée à l’origine pour la magistrature métropolitaine. En contrepoint de cette analyse prosopographique, le présent article s’attache également à mettre en exergue le parcours d’Antoine Sohier, membre éminent de la magistrature coloniale.
From barracks to brothels : prostitution’s regulation for the benefit of the military institution (1900-1939)
Authors: Duffuler-Vialle Hélène 
Published: February 2022

De la Révolution à 1946, la France est réglementariste, c’est-à-dire que la prostitution, pensée comme un mal nécessaire, est régulée par des réglementations locales, harmonisées par des injonctions ministérielles. Si en général les clients de la prostitution ne font l’objet d’aucun traitement spécifique par l’autorité régulatrice, la clientèle militaire constitue une exception. En effet certaines dispositions réglementaires les concernent. Cette clientèle est considérée comme particulièrement vulnérable dans un contexte de « Nation en danger » où la syphilis représente un péril national. A la fin du XIXe siècle et jusqu’en 1916, une politique d’éducation sexuelle préventive est mise en place auprès des soldats, où la chasteté est prônée comme la meilleure garantie. De manière pragmatique, la maison de tolérance reste considérée comme le meilleur moyen de contrôler la sexualité des soldats et d’éviter qu’ils ne contractent des maladies vénériennes. Ainsi, d’une part, l’institution militaire lutte contre la prostitution clandestine et d’autre part fait obstacle à la mise en place du système abolitionniste ou semi-abolitionniste dans les quelques villes qui tentent de l’installer. Le réglementarisme est adapté aux nécessités militaires et, à partir de 1916, il n’est plus question de revoir le système mais de renforcer son efficacité prophylactique. Dans ce contexte l’autorité militaire est ponctuellement saisie de questions juridiques particulières : existe-t-il un droit d’accès aux maisons de tolérance pour les militaires ? Les femmes qui se prostituent ont-elles le droit de refuser des clients ? Quid de la discrimination raciale ?
Frequently recorded sensor data may correctly provide health status of cows if data are handled carefully and errors are filtered away
Authors: Løvendahl Peter , Sørensen Lars Peter 
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. The implementation of sensor based decision support in commercial dairy herds is highly dependent on having reliable systems. Problems with sensors give missing and noisy data hampering their use. Also, the presentation of results needs to be in a form which is simple and useful. These issues were addressed using a mastitis sensor and decision support as example. Objectives. This study aims at providing and evaluating a modular system applicable to the pipeline from sensor to decision support. Method. The case of mastitis was chosen as it is of economic importance and also affects welfare of cows, and because we have worked with a commercial sensor. The problems with sensors causing missing data and noise are described and a range of filtering and monitoring modules are shown to be important to make systems functional for herd management purposes. On top of this a solid method needs to be used to interpret and present data to end users, in terms of easy to read categories. Results. Filtering and pre-adjustments of raw data are important in making algorithms robust and reliable for daily use. Re-definition of traits is needed going from traditional few groups to continuous definitions, and then to new action oriented health classes. Also, for this case focusing on mastitis, assignment to “permanently sick” groups can be helpful in keeping focus on new acute cases. Conclusions. The combined use of filtering, fix-up routines and time series models leading into action oriented categories is needed to provide simple and robust decision support. The systems may be vastly improved by opening for transmission of data between user groups and to common databases – also with a few to use data in genetic selection.
Mesure des flux de CO2 et séquestration de carbone dans les écosystèmes terrestres ouest-africains (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Ago Expedit Evariste , Agbossou Euloge Kossi , Ozer Pierre , Aubinet Marc 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. En Afrique de l’Ouest comme ailleurs dans d’autres régions du monde, la préservation des écosystèmes terrestres s’avère primordiale pour toute politique d’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, en particulier du dioxyde de carbone. Une évaluation pertinente de la contribution d’une région donnée au cycle global du carbone implique la nécessité de raisonner en termes de bilan en considérant dans l’analyse tous les flux d’exportation et d’importation dans les écosystèmes. Littérature. Une synthèse bibliographique, basée sur les résultats publiés ou non de quelques études ayant porté sur les écosystèmes ouest-africains, a été conduite avec pour objectif principal d’évaluer l’importance des échanges de carbone avec l’atmosphère. Il ressort que les flux de carbone présentent une importante variabilité spatiale, principalement liée à la variabilité des conditions pédo-climatiques, des modes de gestion, des types de végétation et des formes d’usage des écosystèmes. La pluviométrie moyenne annuelle apparait être le facteur principal contrôlant les échanges de carbone dans la région. La variabilité spatiale de la photosynthèse explique 71 % de celle de cumuls annuels de NEE. Cet article confirme le comportement de puits de carbone de l’ensemble des écosystèmes terrestres ouest-africains considérés avec une séquestration moyenne annuelle de -2,0 ± 1,5 t C·ha-1 et fait apparaitre la nécessité d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes ou des facteurs qui contrôlent les échanges de carbone entre les écosystèmes et l’atmosphère. Conclusions. Considérant les résultats de quelques sites, il apparait nécessaire de poursuivre les mesures des flux de carbone à l’échelle de l’écosystème sur le long terme afin de mieux apprécier leurs variabilités spatio-temporelles, notamment saisonnières et inter-annuelles. Cet article met également en évidence la nécessité d’étendre les mesures d’eddy covariance dans la région et à d’autres types de végétation de manière à faciliter des études de comparaison entre différents types d’écosystème. Ces études permettront de suggérer des modes de gestion plus durables favorisant la séquestration de carbone tout en limitant les émissions.
Sources de revenus et besoins d’accompagnement des exploitations agricoles familiales en zone cotonnière ouest du Burkina Faso
Authors: Koutou Mahamoudou , Sangaré Mamadou , Havard Michel , Toillier Aurélie , Sanogo Lacina , Thombiano Taladidia , Vodouhe Davo Simplice 
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. Dans la zone cotonnière ouest du Burkina Faso, la variabilité et la diversité des revenus des exploitations agricoles familiales (EAF) demandent pour ces dernières des accompagnements appropriés. Objectifs. Cet article rend compte de cette diversité et des besoins d’accompagnement selon les types d’EAF identifiés. Méthode. Les données ont été collectées par la méthode active de recherche participative et par enquête auprès d’un échantillon raisonné de 120 exploitations dans la commune de Koumbia. Une analyse en composante principale avec des indicateurs économiques de l’EAF suivie d’une classification ascendante hiérarchique ont été appliquées. Les caractéristiques structurelles, les pratiques de production agro-pastorales, les perceptions des chefs d’EAF sur les contraintes et opportunités de production agropastorale ont été comparées par une analyse de variance. Résultats. Les résultats montrent trois types d’exploitations : les exploitations à faible revenu culture (agriculteurs), à fort revenu culture (agro-éleveurs) et à revenu élevage (éleveurs). À la lumière de leurs structures, pratiques de production, performances technico-économiques et opportunités de production agricole, leur accompagnement peut porter sur plusieurs innovations durables communes ou spécifiques des types identifiés. Des accompagnements sur la gestion des ressources de l’exploitation, les bonnes pratiques de gestion de la fertilité des sols et des animaux sont communs aux trois types d’EAF. Les cultures fourragères, l’embouche et la production laitière sont spécifiques aux agro-éleveurs et éleveurs. L’amélioration de la valeur nutritive des résidus de cultures et l’entretien des bœufs de trait conviennent plus aux agriculteurs. Conclusions. Pour réussir, le processus d’accompagnement doit prendre en compte ces spécificités et la notion de durabilité.
Impact of climatic factors on the release of E-β-caryophyllene from alginate beads
Authors: Daems Frédéric , Béra François , Lorge Stéphanie , Fischer Christophe , Brostaux Yves , Francis Frédéric , Lognay Georges , Heuskin Stéphanie 
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. Alginate beads that release semiochemical compounds are interesting biological control devices used to attract the natural enemies of aphids in infested crops. Little information, however, is available about the impact of climatic factors on the release of semiochemicals from this diffusive system. Objectives. The objective of this scoping study was to investigate the impact of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, on the release of E-β-caryophyllene from alginate beads. Method. The impact of the three climatic factors on the release of E-β-caryophyllene from alginate beads was evaluated using a Box-Behnken experimental design and a laboratory scale volatile collection system. The influence of relative humidity on bead water content and size, with and without this semiochemical, was also investigated using a gravimetric method and an easy-to-use photographic device, respectively. Results. The results showed that an increase in temperature caused a significant increase in the E-β-caryophyllene release rate. Neither relative humidity nor airflow, however, had a significant effect on the release of this semiochemical when relative humidity and wind speed ranged from 33% to 75% and from 6.61 x 10-4 m·s-1 to 2.05 x 10-2 m·s-1, respectively. The isotherm curves obtained were characteristic of food products and biopolymer materials. The isotherm shapes were not modified by the incorporation of the semiochemical into alginate beads, and showed an important increase in water content when relative humidity values exceeded 85%. Fortunately, this water content increase did not affect bead size, which facilitates the calculation of E-β-caryophyllene release. Conclusions. The present study shows for the first time the impact of the three main climatic factors on the release of E-β-caryophyllene from alginate beads. It allows learning more about how these biological control devices operate in order to optimize future field trials.
Agronomic assessment of spent substrates for mushroom cultivation
Authors: Picornell-Buendía Raquel , Pardo-Giménez Arturo , Juan-Valero José Arturo de 
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. In this work the agronomic viability of substrates based on spent Agaricus bisporus Imbach (Lange) substrates (SAS) and spent Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. substrates (SPS) is studied. Objectives. The aim of this work is the qualitative agronomic evaluation of SPS and SAS and the mixture of thereof in different proportions, such as lignocellulosic sources in new growing cycles of P. ostreatus. Method. In addition to the commercial substrate used as a control reference, six different treatments are considered. In this experiment, SPS and SAS were mixed in different amounts. SAS was subjected to a heat treatment in a growing room (“cook out”) and then to a maturation treatment which consisted of a controlled recomposting process in cameras. SPS was subjected to a pasteurizing heat treatment (60 °C – 65 °C, 8 h) and a progressive temperature decrease for at least 15 h to a “seeding” temperature (25 °C). Results. SPS (3,600 g) + SAS (2,400 g) and SPS (3,000 g) + SAS (3,000 g) were prepared substrates that achieved acceptable crude protein content in their fruiting bodies. Additionally, we obtained higher ash content, lightness, yellow-blue (y-b) and red-green (r-g) chromaticity, breaking strength (Bs), and compression energy (CE) in these mushrooms. These values were higher than the mean values, and even higher than the commercial substrate. Conclusions. Increased SAS participation in the mixture of the processed substrate (and the consequent reduction of SPS participation) resulted in mushrooms that require higher Bs, and CE. These formulation-based composts degraded by the growth of P. ostreatus, could be a low-cost substrate with selective and balanced nutrients for growth and development of oyster mushrooms.
Biomasse et stocks de carbone des forêts tropicales africaines (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Panzou Grace Jopaul Loubota , Doucet Jean-Louis , Loumeto Jean-Joël , Biwole Achille , Bauwens Sébastien , Fayolle Adeline 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Quantifier les stocks de biomasse et de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales est devenu une priorité internationale dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du mécanisme REDD+. La biomasse forestière est estimée à trois échelles spatiales successives : l’arbre, le peuplement et la région. Cet article propose une synthèse des connaissances sur l’estimation de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines. Littérature. Cette synthèse bibliographique démontre que peu d’équations allométriques, équations qui permettent d’estimer la biomasse de l’arbre à partir de mesures non destructives (diamètre, hauteur), ont été établies pour les forêts tropicales africaines. Au niveau du peuplement, cette synthèse met en exergue les variations spatiales et temporelles connues de la biomasse entre les types de forêts d’Afrique tropicale. Si la reconstitution de la biomasse après une perturbation (l’exploitation forestière, par exemple) est relativement rapide, il existe encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les variations spatiales de la biomasse et il n’y a pas de consensus sur une cartographie régionale de la biomasse. La qualité de la cartographie de la biomasse dépend fortement des différents capteurs utilisés (optique, RADAR ou LiDAR) et de l’équation allométrique utilisée pour convertir les données d’inventaires forestiers en biomasse. Conclusions. Considérant le manque de précision des équations allométriques disponibles et des données d’inventaires forestiers à large échelle spatiale, il y a encore beaucoup d’incertitudes sur les estimations de la biomasse et des stocks de carbone contenus dans les forêts tropicales africaines.