bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of linagliptin on intact and total glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels in insulin‐dependent type 2 diabetes patients with and without moderate renal impairment
Authors: Meier Juris J. , Quast Daniel R. , Nauck Michael A. , Schenker Nina , Deacon Carolyn F. , Holst Jens J. , Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Kapitza Christoph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the effect of renal impairment on incretin metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before and after treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor linagliptin.Materials and methodsLong‐standing T2DM patients with normal (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >90 mL/min/1.73m2) and impaired (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2) renal function on stable treatment with insulin were included. Before and after 8 days of treatment with 5 mg linagliptin once daily, patients underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and total and intact glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and glucagon concentrations were measured. The primary outcome was the difference between the study groups in change of intact GLP‐1 concentrations.ResultsOf 115 patients screened, 29 were analysed (15 [51.7%] with and 14 [48.3%] without renal impairment). Renal function differed significantly between the groups (101 ± 11 vs. 47 ± 13 mL/min/1.73m2; P < 0.0001), while glycaemic control was similar (glycated haemoglobin 68 ±  5 vs. 66 ± 5 mmol/mol; P = 0.45). Baseline GLP‐1 and GIP levels were comparable. Glucose concentrations during the OGTT were significantly lowered by linagliptin treatment in patients with renal impairment (P = 0.017), but not in those with normal renal function (P = 0.17). Treatment with linagliptin resulted in a significant increase in intact GLP‐1 and GIP levels in patients with normal (P = 0.048 and P = 0.0001, respectively) and impaired (P = 0.040 and P = 0.0011, respectively) renal function during the OGTT. However, the primary outcome (difference between the groups in change of intact GLP‐1 concentrations) was not significant (P = 0.22). Overall, linagliptin was well tolerated.ConclusionsTreatment with linagliptin increases intact incretin levels in patients with T2DM. Impaired renal function does not compromise the effects of linagliptin on active or total incretin levels as well as on glucagon secretion. Thus, treatment with linagliptin is suitable for patients with T2DM, independently of renal function.
Combined sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition upregulates the renin‐angiotensin system in chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled exploratory trial
Authors: Antlanger Marlies , Domenig Oliver , Kaltenecker Christopher C. , Kovarik Johannes J. , Rathkolb Vincent , Müller Martin M. , Schwaiger Elisabeth , Hecking Manfred , Poglitsch Marko , Säemann Marcus D. , Kopecky Chantal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimSodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) improve cardiorenal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with and without type 2 diabetes. The molecular mechanisms underlying these pleiotropic effects remain unclear, yet it is speculated that SGLT‐2i elicit a neurohormonal modulation resulting in renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) activation. We hypothesized that combined SGLT‐2 and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi) favours RAS regulation towards the beneficial angiotensin‐(1‐7)‐driven axis.Materials and MethodsThis randomized controlled prospective study investigated the effect of 12 weeks treatment with the SGLT‐2i empagliflozin on top of ACEi on the molecular RAS dynamics in 24 diabetic and 24 non‐diabetic patients with CKD. Systemic RAS peptides were quantified by mass spectrometry.ResultsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, combined SGLT‐2i and ACEi significantly upregulated plasma renin activity [pre‐treatment median and interquartile range 298.0 (43.0‐672.0) pmol/L versus post‐treatment 577.0 (95.0‐1543.0) pmol/L; p = .037] and angiotensin I levels [pre‐treatment 289.0 (42.0‐668.0) pmol/L versus post‐treatment 573.0 (93.0‐1522.0) pmol/L; p = .037], together with a significant increase of angiotensin‐(1‐7) levels [pre‐treatment 14.0 (2.1‐19.0) pmol/L versus post‐treatment 32.0 (5.7‐99.0) pmol/L; p = .012]. Empagliflozin treatment resulted in a 1.5 to 2‐fold increase in main RAS peptides in patients with diabetes compared with placebo. No significant effect of empagliflozin on top of ACEi on RAS peptides was found in patients with CKD without diabetes.ConclusionA distinct RAS modulation by SGLT‐2i occurs in diabetic kidney disease reflected by enhancement of the beneficial angiotensin‐(1‐7) providing a molecular background for this renoprotective therapeutic approach.
Efficacy and safety of imeglimin add‐on to insulin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (TIMES 3): A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 3 trial with a 36‐week open‐label extension period
Authors: Reilhac Caroline , Dubourg Julie , Thang Carole , Grouin Jean‐Marie , Fouqueray Pascale , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of imeglimin for up to 52 weeks as combination therapy with insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group phase 3 trial was performed at 35 sites in Japan. Eligible patients were individuals aged ≥20 years with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with insulin. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either imeglimin (1000 mg twice daily) or matched placebo, in combination with insulin, for 16 weeks. In a subsequent 36‐week, open‐label extension period, all patients received imeglimin 1000 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was change in mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to week 16.ResultsIn all, 108 and 107 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with imeglimin 1000 mg twice daily or placebo, respectively. Compared with placebo, the adjusted mean difference in change from baseline HbA1c at Week 16 was −0.60% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.80 to −0.40; P < 0.0001). This decrease was sustained up to 52 weeks with a mean decrease of −0.64% (95% CI −0.82 to −0.46) versus baseline. The incidence of patients experiencing adverse events and serious adverse events was similar in the two treatment groups. The number of patients experiencing hypoglycaemia was similar in the two treatment groups. In patients receiving imeglimin, all hypoglycaemic events were mild in severity; no episodes required assistance.ConclusionsImeglimin significantly improved HbA1c in Japanese patients with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes by insulin and had a similar safety profile to placebo. The efficacy of imeglimin on top of insulin was sustained for 52 weeks. Imeglimin represents a potential new treatment option for this population as add‐on to insulin therapy.
Parallel host‐plant‐associated differences in an extended phenotype between populations of six species of gall‐forming insects
Authors: Zhang Linyi , Mullin Briley F. , Shzu Shihan , Davis Charles K. , Hu Elaine G. , Carroo Isaac J. , Egan Scott P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Understanding the role of divergent host‐use in promoting population differentiation among herbivorous insects provides valuable insight into the origin of diversity in this species‐rich group. A strong signature of divergent selection in promoting population differentiation is provided by parallel phenotypic divergence across multiple insect species adapting to the same set of divergent host plants.
In this study, we explored whether a key phenotype of gall‐forming insects—gall size—exhibits parallel patterns of divergence across a community of gall‐forming insect species because of adaptation to different host plant species. A previous study found parallel divergence in gall morphology across two gall‐forming insect species adapted to two sister species of oaks (Fagaceae). Here, we expand this question to four additional members of the gall‐forming insect community that specialise on the same two host plant species: Quercus geminata (Qg) and Quercus virginiana (Qv).
Consistent with the previous result, all four additional gall‐forming species tended to induce larger galls on Qg than on Qv, with two of the four species exhibited statistically significant differences and one species showed marginally significant differences. Moreover, we found gall size was similar for two gall‐forming species when cross‐reared on natural versus planted hosts, ruling out environmental causes of parallel host‐associated gall size difference across multiple species.
Our study documents parallel divergence in a key phenotype of gall‐forming insects associated with different host environments, shedding light on the important role of divergent host use in driving the evolution of gall morphology.
The synthesis and antineoplastic activities of thiaziridine, sulfidometylphosphonium, and dithiaphosphitane‐sulfide against the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma
Authors: Mansour Shaimaa T. , Hashem Ahmed I. , Abd‐El‐Maksoud Mansoura A. , El‐Hussieny Marwa , El‐Makawy Aida I. , Abdel‐Aziem Sekena H. , Soliman Fouad M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhosphonium compounds offer an attractive branch of research that chemists and biologists apply for producing many novel drugs for various applications, and its polymeric ingredients are composed of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts. The reactions of isothiocyanate with phosphinimine bestow thiaziridine, carbamate, and thiourea derivatives. Moreover, isothiocyanate reacts with tris (dimethylamino) phosphine leading to the formation of sulfidomethyl phosphonium. Lawesson's and Japanese reagents have potential to react with isothiocyanates to generate dithiaphosphetane sulfides. Treatment of isocyanate with Lawesson's or Japanese reagents under reflux conditions affords thiaphosphetidinone sulfide, but when applied at room temperature, the dithiaphosphetane sulfide was isolated. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mice model was used to investigate potential anticancer properties of the novel phosphonium and thiophosphate derivatives. Synthesized compounds (100 mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally to the EAC‐bearing mice for about 2 weeks. Compounds' antineoplastic activity was determined by the evaluation of volume, viability, and inhibition percent of EAC cells. In addition, DNA fragmentation percent was assessed. The expression of apoptotic marker genes (Bax, Bcl2, Caspase 3) and encoding proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α) and pro‐apoptotic protein (p53) were inspected by real time‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The overall conclusion was based on the findings that treatment with synthesized compounds leads to decrease in tumor volume, increase in tissue DNA fragmentation, downregulation of Bcl2 gene, and upregulation of Bax, caspase3, and p53 markers, along with decrease in TNF‐α level in liver tissues. These findings suggest that the anticancer mechanism of these compounds is based on the programmed cell death (Apoptosis).
Priming effects in soils across Europe
Authors: Siles José A. , Díaz‐López Marta , Vera Alfonso , Eisenhauer Nico , Guerra Carlos A. , Smith Linnea C. , Buscot François , Reitz Thomas , Breitkreuz Claudia , van den Hoogen Johan , Crowther Thomas W. , Orgiazzi Alberto , Kuzyakov Yakov , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Bastida Felipe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLand use is a key factor driving changes in soil carbon (C) cycle and contents worldwide. The priming effect (PE)—CO2 emissions from changed soil organic matter decomposition in response to fresh C inputs—is one of the most unpredictable phenomena associated with C cycling and related nutrient mobilization. Yet, we know very little about the influence of land use on soil PE across contrasting environments. Here, we conducted a continental‐scale study to (i) determine the PE induced by 13C‐glucose additions to 126 cropland and seminatural (forests and grasslands) soils from 22 European countries; (ii) compare PE magnitude in soils under various crop types (i.e., cereals, nonpermanent industrial crops, and orchards); and (iii) model the environmental factors influencing PE. On average, PEs were negative in seminatural (with values ranging between −60 and 26 µg C g−1 soil after 35 days of incubation; median = −11) and cropland (from −55 to 27 µC g−1 soil; median = −4.3) soils, meaning that microbial communities preferentially switched from soil organic C decomposition to glucose mineralization. PE was significantly less negative in croplands compared with seminatural ecosystems and not influenced by the crop type. PE was driven by soil basal respiration (reflecting microbial activity), microbial biomass C, and soil organic C, which were all higher in seminatural ecosystems compared with croplands. This cross European experimental and modeling study elucidated that PE intensity is dependent on land use and allowed to clarify the factors regulating this important C cycling process.
Enhanced sound absorption properties of porous ceramics modified by graphene oxide films
Authors: He Chao , Du Bin , Ma Juan , Xiong Hao , Qian Junjie , Cai Mei , Shui Anze 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnder the condition of constant thickness, improving the low‐frequency sound absorption performance of conventional sound‐absorbing materials is a challenging research topic. To address this issue, a new reduced graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (RGO/PVA) porous composite ceramic was fabricated using freeze‐drying and optimized by redesigning the internal connecting pores of porous ceramic matrixes with a reticular microstructure using RGO and PVA. The as‐prepared porous structure showed significant enhancement in the low‐frequency sound absorption band compared with pristine porous ceramics. In addition, the hybrid porous ceramics exhibited low thermal conductivity. These favorable properties indicate that the hybrid sound‐absorbing ceramics have potential application prospects for noise reduction in the fields of construction and electrical and mechanical devices.
Preparation and mechanical performance of SiCw/geopolymer composites through direct ink writing
Authors: Ma Siqi , Zhao Shengjian , Zheng Yi , Wang Qikun , Yang Hualong , Liu Xuehui , He Peigang , Duan Xiaoming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditional geopolymer structures benefit from the durability, irradiation resistance, and environmental friendliness, but their brittleness limits their applications where repeated, impactive strains are imparted. This situation may be alleviated if complex structures with tunable geometry can be fabricated, for example, through 3D printing based on direct ink writing (DIW). In this research, SiC whisker/geopolymer (SiCw/GP) composites were fabricated by the DIW for the first time. The rheological behaviors of the SiCw/GP inks and the fracture behaviors of the printed samples were explored. The modified printing inks exhibited non‐Newtonian fluid behavior (shear‐thinning). Subsequently, a series of lightweight architected structures were fabricated, and they revealed how reinforcement and architecture of the printed structures could influence both the strength and toughness of the SiCw/GP composites.
Colorectal cancer survivors’ experience of continuity of care provided by different health professionals: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Wang Wenxia , Li Huanhuan , Li Yijing , Fang Shuyan , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Xu , Meng Xiangfei , Su Jianping , Sun Jiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo systematically identify, synthesise and characterise the available qualitative evidence on the experience of adult colorectal cancer survivors with continuity of care led by different health professionals.BackgroundThe limited evidence base for effective continuity of care led by different medical staff who assist colorectal cancer survivors with their unique survivorship care hampers the development of effective interventions. Synthesising the data on survivors’ experience of care led by different health professionals is critical to develop such interventions.DesignA qualitative evidence synthesis using the Thomas and Harden method and the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network were used.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched through November 2020 for qualitative and mixed methods studies in English. JBI‐QARI was used to undertake a quality review of the identified studies. The review findings were synthesised by a team of researchers, and the level of confidence was evaluated using GRADE‐CERQual.ResultsEleven studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. The identified analytical themes included experience of diversity, preference for health professionals and space for enhancement to facilitate improved medical care delivery. Colorectal cancer survivors report diverse experiences regarding continuity of care led by different providers. Specifically, they attach substantial importance to trusted relationships with providers that are closely associated with their overall care experience.ConclusionEffective communication and good rapport among stakeholders are cornerstones for addressing the complexity of ongoing care. Future interventions should include adjusting the percentage of care from different providers to deliver cost‐effective and personalised continuity of care.Relevance to clinical practiceSynthesising data on survivors’ experience facilitates the development of practical approaches to increase the quality of continuity of care and may also foster the integration of providers’ advantages to enable more cost‐effective intervention. The limited capacity of primary care providers may be enhanced by better cooperation and communication with specialists and by additional professional cancer‐related training.
Suicide literacy in nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Karakaya Dudu , Özparlak Arif , Önder Merve 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study is a cross‐sectional study aiming to determine the suicide literacy level of nurses and to examine the relationship between nurses’ suicide literacy and certain variables.BackgroundSuicide literacy in nurses is a factor which affects knowledge levels. The level of suicide literacy in nurses may affect the care given to patients and the behaviour of obtaining help in relation to themselves.MethodsThe study was conducted with 348 nurses between January and March 2020 at a hospital in the city of Antalya in Turkey. A personal information form and the Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistical methods were used in data analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of suicide literacy. The STROBE checklist was followed for this cross‐sectional study.ResultsThe nurses’ mean score on LOSS was 11.08 ± 3.92. Significant predictors of suicide literacy in nurses were being single, working in the emergency department, having previous experience in the psychiatry clinic, not having a mental illness, having suicide attempts in the family, having previously obtained information on intervention on individuals at risk of suicide and stating that their sources of information on this topic were nursing education and the Internet. These variables explained 19.8% of the variance in suicide literacy.ConclusionsThe nurses’ suicide literacy was at a low level. It is recommended that education programs on the care of patients at risk of suicide be set up for all nurses working in general clinics.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is important to raise the levels of suicide literacy in nurses in order to provide better quality care to patients who are at risk of suicide. Also, raising levels of suicide literacy may strengthen nurses’ behaviours in seeking help for themselves.
FKBP‐type peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase interacts with the movement protein of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus and impacts viral replication in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Chang Ho‐Hsiung , Lee Chia‐Hwa , Chang Chung‐Jan , Jan Fuh‐Jyh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBegomoviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae are plant‐infecting DNA viruses. Begomoviral movement protein (MP) has been reported to be required for virus movement, host range determination, and symptom development. In the present study, the FK506‐binding protein (FKBP)‐type peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase (NbFKPPIase) of Nicotiana benthamiana was identified by a yeast two‐hybrid screening system using the MP of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) oriental melon (OM) isolate (MPOM) as bait. Transient silencing of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase increased replication of three test begomoviruses, and transient overexpression decreased viral replication, indicating that NbFKPPIase plays a role in defence against begomoviruses. However, infection of N. benthamiana by ToLCNDV‐OM or overexpression of the gene encoding MPOM drastically reduced the expression of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed that MPOM interacted with NbFKPPIase in the periphery of cells. Expression of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase was induced by salicylic acid but not by methyl jasmonate or ethylene. Moreover, the expression of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase was down‐regulated in response to 6‐benzylaminopurine and up‐regulated in response to gibberellin or indole‐3‐acetic acid, suggesting a role of NbFKPPIase in plant development. Transcriptome analysis and comparison of N. benthamiana transient silencing and overexpression of the gene encoding MPOM led to the identification of several differentially expressed genes whose functions are probably associated with cell cycle regulation. Our results indicate that begomoviruses could suppress NbFKPPIase‐mediated defence and biological functions by transcriptional inhibition and physical interaction between MP and NbFKPPIase to facilitate infection.
Using adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to fight the metabolic complications of obesity: Where do we stand?
Authors: Mikłosz Agnieszka , Nikitiuk Barbara Emilia , Chabowski Adrian 
Published: January 2022

SummaryObesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Stem cell‐based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention. Among them are adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), secreting numerous bioactive molecules, like growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Their unique features, including immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties, make them an ideal candidates for clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have shown that ADMSCs can improve pancreatic islet cell viability and function, ameliorate hyperglycemia, improve insulin sensitivity, restore liver function, counteract dyslipidemia, lower pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and reduce oxidative stress in the animal models. These results prompted scientists to use ADMSCs clinically. However, up to date, there have been few clinical studies or ongoing trails using ADMSCs to treat metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or liver cirrhosis. Most human studies have implemented autologous ADMSCs with minimal risk of cellular rejection. Because the functionality of ADMSCs is significantly reduced in subjects with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome, their efficacy is questioned. ADMSCs transplantation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity, but randomized controlled trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy in humans prior to routine clinical use.