bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective psychological impacts during COVID‐19 lockdown on older people, risk profiles and coping strategies: Results of an online survey in Spain
Authors: Doménech Sara , Blancafort‐Alias Sergi , Rojano Xavier , Salvà Antoni , Roqué Marta , Coll‐Planas Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explores the psychological impacts of lockdown among older people during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Spain, and identifies risk profiles and adaptative behaviors. A cross‐sectional online survey was disseminated by social networks through snowball sampling (April–June 2020). The survey included ad‐hoc questions about psychological impacts on subjective cognitive functioning, emotional distress, and loneliness. Open end‐questions were coded according to Lazarus and Folkman's coping strategies framework. Of the 2010 respondents, 76% experienced impact in at least one cognitive function (11% reporting severe effects), 78% frequent sadness and 13% frequent loneliness. Age 80+, women and low education increased the risk of loneliness and severe impact in memory and processing speed. Living alone was an additional risk factor for loneliness and sadness. Lockdown is associated with cognitive impacts, emotional distress, and loneliness being risk profiles related to inequality axes. Coping strategies should inform aging policies to prevent psychological impacts during the lockdown.
Effect of vitamin D monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prokopidis Konstantinos , Giannos Panagiotis , Katsikas Triantafyllidis Konstantinos , Kechagias Konstantinos S. , Mesinovic Jakub , Witard Oliver C. , Scott David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D supplementation is proposed as a potentially effective nutritional intervention to mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the effect of vitamin D supplementation (as monotherapy) with placebo on indices of sarcopenia in older (>50 years) adults. Using the random effects inverse‐variance model, we calculated the mean difference (MD) in handgrip strength (HGS), short physical performance battery (SPPB), timed up and go (TUG), and appendicular lean mass (ALM) between groups. We also calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) in general muscle strength and general physical performance (composite plot of all muscle strength and physical performance outcomes, respectively) between groups.ResultsTen RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. A significant decrease in SPPB scores was observed with vitamin D supplementation compared with placebo (MD: −0.23; 95% CI −0.40 to −0.06; I2 = 0%; P = 0.007). Vitamin D supplementation conferred no effect on HGS (MD: −0.07 kg; 95% CI −0.70 to 0.55; I2 = 51%, P = 0.82), TUG (MD: 0.07 s; 95% CI −0.08 to 0.22; I2 = 0%, P = 0.35), ALM (MD: 0.06 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.32 to 0.44; I2 = 73%, P = 0.77), general muscle strength (SMD: −0.01; 95% CI −0.17 to 0.15; I2 = 42%, P = 0.90), or general physical performance (SMD: −0.02; 95% CI −0.23 to 0.18; I2 = 71%, P = 0.83).ConclusionsVitamin D supplementation did not improve any sarcopenia indices in community‐dwelling older adults and may compromise some aspects of physical performance. Future studies are warranted to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on individual indices of SPPB, including mobility and balance, in older adults.
Incidence of congenital and postnatal cytomegalovirus infection during the first year of life in Mexican preterm infants
Authors: Cadena‐Mota Sandra , Muñoz‐Escalante Juan C. , Martínez‐Rodríguez Luz E. , Bernal‐Silva Sofía , Tello‐Martínez Nallely , de la Torre‐Rodríguez Ileana , Hernández‐Sánchez Pedro G. , Castillo‐Martínez Fernanda , Escalante‐Padrón Francisco , Lima‐Rogel Victoria , González‐Ortiz Ana M. , Noyola Daniel E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCytomegalovirus infection occurs commonly during infancy. Postnatal infection in term infants is usually asymptomatic; however, infection in preterm infants can be associated with clinical manifestations during the neonatal period. Nevertheless, few studies to assess the frequency of cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants have been performed outside of high‐income countries. We analyzed the incidence of congenital and postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in a cohort of preterm infants. Cytomegalovirus infection was detected during the neonatal period in four of 178 infants; in three of them, the virus was detected during the first 3 weeks of life and, therefore, congenital infection was confirmed (1.7% incidence). Postnatal infection was detected in 44 (36.4%) of 121 infants who were assessed after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Cytomegalovirus infection was significantly associated with the duration of breastfeeding. In addition, we characterized cytomegalovirus strains detected in infants together with sequences available at GenBank, based on sequences of the UL18 gene. Cytomegalovirus UL18‐sequences clustered in five distinct clades (A–E), and sequences obtained from infants in our study were distributed in four of the five clades; 44.4% of these sequences were included in clade E. Breastfeeding duration was shorter on average (5.6 months) in infants with sequences in clade E compared to infants with sequences in the other three clades (8.2 months; p = .07). In conclusion, we provide information regarding the high incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants. Further studies are warranted to assess if cytomegalovirus strain characteristics are associated with the risk of infection acquisition during infancy.
Molecular identification and characterization of measles virus genotypes circulating in Afghanistan, 2008–2018
Authors: Rana Muhammad S. , Usman Muhammad , Ikram Aamer , Alam Muhammad M. , Salman Muhammad , Zaidi Syed S. Z. , Umair Massab , Stanikzai Nasir , Shakoor Abdul , Afghan Fazel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe measles virus (MV) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age. Molecular identification of circulating wild‐type MV) strains is a vital component of the measles elimination program. We received 159 oral swab samples from Afghanistan during 2008–2018. Viral RNA was extracted, followed by one‐step RT‐PCR and positive amplicons were subject to sequencing for genotype identification. Out of 159 total samples, 52% (83/159) were detected positive by RT‐PCR. Genotype D4 was identified from 2.4% (2/83), genotype H1, 4.8% (4/83), and genotype B3, 92.7% (77/83) cases, respectively.
The development and impact of an ice‐contact proglacial lake during the Last Glacial Termination, Palaeolake Riada, central Ireland
Authors: Delaney Catherine 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe retreat of the last Irish Ice Sheet across the Irish midlands resulted in the formation of an ice‐contact lake, Palaeolake Riada, along its eastern margin during recession. However, the full extent and characteristics of the lake and its impact on ice dynamics are unknown, as glacigenic landforms and deposits relating to the lake have not been mapped in sufficient detail to allow reconstruction of ice‐marginal behaviour. This paper presents new mapping of subglacial, ice‐marginal and glaciolacustrine landforms and deposits in the Irish midlands. Glacial landforms and landform associations across this wide area have been identified using aerial photographs and high‐resolution digital elevation models derived from LiDAR and radar data. Reconstructions of successive ice‐margin retreat positions are combined with glacio‐isostatically adjusted digital elevation models to identify the probable position of lake outflows and reconstruct the development of the proglacial Palaeolake Riada through time. These reconstructions indicate that at its largest, Palaeolake Riada had an ice‐contact margin of 113 km, and covered an area of over 2300 km2. Initially, ice recession was concentrated around meltwater discharge outlets, but these became less important as the lake expanded and thermo‐mechanical erosion occurred along the entire subaqueous margin.
The Anthropocene as an Event, not an Epoch
Authors: Gibbard Philip , Walker Michael , Bauer Andrew , Edgeworth Matthew , Edwards Lucy , Ellis Erle , Finney Stanley , Gill Jacquelyn L. , Maslin Mark , Merritts Dorothy , Ruddiman William 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTOver the course of the last decade the concept of the Anthropocene has become widely established within and beyond the geoscientific literature but its boundaries remain undefined. Formal definition of the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphical series and geochronological epoch following the Holocene, at a fixed horizon and with a precise global start date, has been proposed, but fails to account for the diachronic nature of human impacts on global environmental systems during the late Quaternary. By contrast, defining the Anthropocene as an ongoing geological event more closely reflects the reality of both historical and ongoing human–environment interactions, encapsulating spatial and temporal heterogeneity, as well as diverse social and environmental processes that characterize anthropogenic global changes. Thus, an Anthropocene Event incorporates a substantially wider range of anthropogenic environmental and cultural effects, while at the same time applying more readily in different academic contexts than would be the case with a rigidly defined Anthropocene Series/Epoch.
MCFA alleviate H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in AML12 cells via the ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Wang Danping , Chen Jinglong , Sun Huangbing , Chen Wenjing , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOxidative stress is an important factor in the occurrence and development of liver disease. Medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have potential antioxidant function, whereas the exact underlying mechanism of MCFA in oxidative injury of hepatocytes remains unclear. In our present study, three different MCFAs, 8‐carbon octanoic acid (OA), 10‐carbon capric acid (CA), and 12‐carbon lauric acid (LA), have been performed to observe their protective action for hepatocyte under the H2O2 challenge. The result showed that MCFA treatment significantly increased the cell viability, T‐AOC, and expression of antioxidant‐related genes in AML12 cells under oxidative stress condition, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, MCFA treatment significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2; LA treatment significantly promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation. With a further test, the rescue ability of MCFA was blocked by treating with the ERK inhibitor U0126. Overall, our data suggested that MCFA treatment has positive impact on protecting AML12 cells against oxidative stress through ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway.
Immuno‐Modulatory Effects of Microparticles Formulated from Degradable Polystyrene Analogue
Authors: Truong Thi Hong Anh , Mothe Srinivasa Reddy , Min Jaclyn Lee , Tan Hui Min , Jackson Alexander W. , Nguyen Dang T. , Ye Danson Kwong Jia , Kanaujia Parijat , Thoniyot Praveen , Dang Tram T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmental accumulation of non‐degradable polystyrene (PS) microparticles from plastic waste poses potential adverse impact on marine life and human health. Herein, microparticles from a degradable PS analogue (dePS) are formulated and their immuno‐modulatory characteristics are comprehensively evaluated. Both dePS copolymer and microparticles are chemically degradable under accelerated hydrolytic condition. In vitro studies show that dePS microparticles are non‐toxic to three immortalized cell lines. While dePS microparticles do not induce macrophage polarization in vitro, dePS microparticles induce in vivo upregulation of both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory biomarkers in immuno‐competent mice, suggesting the coexistence of mixed phenotypes of macrophages in the host immune response to these microparticles. Interestingly, on day 7 following subcutaneous in mice, dePS microparticles induce a lower level of several immuno‐modulatory biomarkers (matrix metallo‐proteinases (MMPs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), and arginase activity) compared to that of reference poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles. Remarkably, compared to PS microparticles, dePS microparticles exhibit similar in vitro and in vivo bioactivity while acquiring additional chemical degradability. Overall, this study gains new insights into the host immune response to dePS microparticles and suggests that this dePS analogue might be explored as an alternative material choice for biomedical and consumer care applications.
Quality of life and physical activities of daily living among stroke survivors; cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ellepola Sachini , Nadeesha Nethuli , Jayawickrama Ishara , Wijesundara Anjali , Karunathilaka Nimantha , Jayasekara Priyamali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between quality of life (QoL), level of physical activities of daily living (PADL) and associated factors among stroke survivors during the acute stage as there is little evidence in Sri Lanka.DesignWe conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study among conveniently recruited stroke survivors in Sri Lanka (n = 134).MethodsQoL was assessed by the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), while the PADL was assessed by the Barthel Index (BI). The relationship between SF36 and BI was assessed by Pearson correlation, while Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was performed to determine the factors associated with QoL and PADL.ResultsThe majority of the SF36 domains were below the average level of 50, while BI indicated that most of them belonged to either the severely or totally dependent category. Aphasia, disability, dysarthria, type of stroke, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, geographical area and income were the associated factors of QoL, while disability of the face and limbs, dysarthria and smoking were the associated factors of PADL (p < .05).
Discordant prognosis of mismatch repair deficiency in colorectal and endometrial cancer reflects variation in antitumour immune response and immune escape
Authors: Glaire Mark A , Ryan Neil AJ , Ijsselsteijn Marieke E , Kedzierska Katarzyna , Obolenski Sofia , Ali Reem , Crosbie Emma J , Bosse Tjalling , de Miranda Noel FCC , Church David N 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDefective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) causes elevated tumour mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in multiple cancer types. dMMR/MSI colorectal cancers (CRCs) have enhanced T‐cell infiltrate and favourable outcome; however, this association has not been reliably detected in other tumour types, including endometrial cancer (EC). We sought to confirm this and explore the underpinning mechanisms. We first meta‐analysed CRC and EC trials that have examined the prognostic value of dMMR/MSI and confirmed that dMMR/MSI predicts better prognosis in CRC, but not EC, with statistically significant variation between cancers (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54–0.73 versus HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.72–1.58; PINT = 0.02). Next, we studied intratumoural immune infiltrate in CRCs and ECs of defined MMR status and found that while dMMR was associated with increased density of tumour‐infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T‐cells in both cancer types, the increases were substantially greater in CRC and significant only in this group (PINT = 4.3e‐04 and 7.3e‐03, respectively). Analysis of CRC and EC from the independent Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) series revealed similar variation and significant interactions in proportions of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, CD8+, CD4+, NK cells and immune checkpoint expression, confirming a more vigorous immune response to dMMR/MSI in CRC than EC. Agnostic analysis identified the IFNγ pathway activity as strongly upregulated by dMMR/MSI in CRC, but downregulated in EC by frequent JAK1 mutations, the impact of which on IFNγ response was confirmed by functional analyses. Collectively, our results confirm the discordant prognosis of dMMR/MSI in CRC and EC and suggest that this relates to differences in intratumoural immune infiltrate and tumour genome. Our study underscores the need for tissue‐specific analysis of cancer biomarkers and may help inform immunotherapy use. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The lanolin‐based oil plasticized polylactide: Thermal and chemical characteristics
Authors: Okpuwhara Rita O. , Oboirien Bilainu O. , Sadiku Emmanuel R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBio‐based plasticizers are a significant replacement for petrochemical‐based plasticizers because they are from renewable resources. The plasticizing effect of lanolin‐based oil at a different concentration and as an additive on polylactide's thermal and chemical stability (PLA) was investigated. The thermal stability was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The plasticized PLA samples were also analyzed with a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), X‐ray powder diffraction (powder XRD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The plasticizer modified the thermal stability of the PLA polymer by increasing the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc), as shown by DSC. At the same time, the DMA data indicated a reduction in the dynamic storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) with increased amounts of plasticizer content. The powder X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the PLA has no polymorphic crystalline transition with the oil plasticizer. The analysis from the results shows the oil additive's potential as a bio‐based plasticizer for PLA However, further performance improvements are required for large‐scale production. From the results obtained, there are enhancements in the thermal and physical properties of the modified PLA, and it is suitable for composite production.
Manufacturing process for III–V multijunction solar cells on germanium substrates with a total thickness below 60 microns
Authors: Lombardero Iván , Cifuentes Luis , Gabás Mercedes , Algora Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate a new manufacturing process that allows to fabricate thin solar cells avoiding problems related to the brittleness or fragility of thin wafers without needing any carrier nor temporary substrate. This technique has been successfully applied to Ge single and GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple‐junction solar cells grown on Ge substrates, achieving 47.5‐ and 55.5‐μm‐thick substrates, respectively. Although this technique should allow to thin substrates to any desired thickness, a final thickness around 20–30 μm is recommended due to practical concerns such as the uneven substrate thickness throughout the wafer. In any case, a III–V solar cell with such a thickness should be thin enough for most applications and, in particular, for space ones.
Dreaming college: Transition experiences of undergraduate students with disabilities
Authors: Ressa Theodoto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPostsecondary education is one of the targeted outcomes for students with disabilities; however, few aspiring students with disabilities attend college, and fewer complete a degree program. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perspectives of five undergraduate students with disabilities who attended college in the United States to identify factors (enablers) that facilitated successful transitions to college. Results suggest that participants’ self‐determination allowed them to manage the effects of their impairments and settings to reach their educational goals and participate in postsecondary education. The implication is that increased attention to inclusion, transitions, and postsecondary education competencies should begin early in the schooling process.
Severe asthma in children: Description of a large multidisciplinary clinical cohort
Authors: Forero Molina Maria , Okoniewski William , Puranik Sandeep , Aujla Shean , Celedón Juan C. , Larkin Allyson , Forno Erick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with severe asthma have substantial morbidity and healthcare utilization. Pediatric severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and a multidisciplinary approach can improve the diagnosis and management of these children.MethodsWe reviewed the electronic health records for patients seen in the Severe Asthma Clinic (SAC) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between August 2012 and October 2019.ResultsOf the 110 patients in whom we extracted data, 46% were female, 48% were Black/African American, and 41% had ≥1 admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for asthma. Compared to patients without a PICU admission, those with ≥1 PICU admission were more likely to be non‐White (64.4% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.031) and more atopic (eosinophil count geometric mean = 673 vs. 319 cells/mm3, p = 0.002; total IgE geometric mean = 754 vs. 303 KU/L, p = 0.003), and to have lower pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 (58.6% [±18.1%] vs. 69.9% [±18.7%], p = 0.002) and elevated FeNO (60% vs. 22%, p = 0.02). In this cohort, 84% of patients were prescribed high‐dose ICS/LABA and 36% were on biologics. Following enrollment in the SAC, severe exacerbations decreased from 3.2/year to 2.2/year (p < 0.0001); compared to the year before joining the SAC, in the following year the group had 106 fewer severe exacerbations.ConclusionsThis large cohort of children with severe asthma had a high level of morbidity and healthcare utilization. Patients with a history of PICU admissions for asthma were more likely to be nonwhite and highly atopic, and to have lower lung function. Our data support a positive impact of a multidisciplinary clinic on patients with severe childhood asthma.