bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Patient Outcomes in Aesthetic Breast Implant Procedures Using Proven Antimicrobial Breast Pocket Irrigations: A 20-Year Follow-up
Authors: Venkataram Aniketh , Lahar Nicholas , Adams William P 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCapsular contracture (CC) remains the most common complication of implant-based aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. With subclinical infection proven to be the primary etiology, antimicrobial breast pocket irrigation has been recommended as the key step to reduce CC but has not been universally adopted.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to review the rates of CC observed when applying proven antimicrobial breast pocket irrigations.MethodsData from patients undergoing cosmetic breast augmentation were recorded prospectively from 1997 to 2017. The irrigation was performed with either a Betadine-containing (50% Betadine or “Betadine triple”) or a non-Betadine triple antibiotic regimen. The database was assessed to determine the type of implant used, the incidence of CC, and possible contributing factors. The degree of CC was recorded according to the Baker classification.ResultsA 20-year prospective data collection yielded 2088 patients with 4176 implants; of these patients, 826 had textured implants and 1262 had smooth implants. The incidence of Grade III/IV CC was found to be 0.57% in all patients undergoing primary breast augmentation (1.21% in textured implants and 0.16% in smooth implants).ConclusionsThis study constitutes the largest and longest review of CC in a controlled, single-surgeon setting. The incidence of CC is low and reinforces the efficacy/utility of antimicrobial breast pocket irrigation. Both the Betadine and non-Betadine antibiotic regimens were found to be effective, with the Betadine regimen being preferred. Universal adoption of Betadine-containing antimicrobial breast pocket irrigation is recommended to reduce CC and other device-associated infections.Level of Evidence: 4
G-DIRT: a web server for identification and removal of duplicate germplasms based on identity-by-state analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data
Authors: Sahu Tanmaya Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar , Mittal Shikha , Jha Shailendra Kumar , Kumar Sundeep , Jacob Sherry Rachel , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Maintaining duplicate germplasms in genebanks hampers effective conservation and utilization of genebank resources. The redundant germplasm adds to the cost of germplasm conservation by requiring a large proportion of the genebank financial resources towards conservation rather than enriching the diversity. Besides, genome-wide-association analysis using an association panel with over-represented germplasms can be biased resulting in spurious marker-trait associations. The conventional methods of germplasm duplicate removal using passport information suffer from incomplete or missing passport information and data handling errors at various stages of germplasm enrichment. This limitation is less likely in the case of genotypic data. Therefore, we developed a web-based tool, Germplasm Duplicate Identification and Removal Tool (G-DIRT), which allows germplasm duplicate identification based on identity-by-state analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping information along with pre-processing of genotypic data. A homozygous genotypic difference threshold of 0.1% for germplasm duplicates has been determined using tetraploid wheat genotypic data with 94.97% of accuracy. Based on the genotypic difference, the tool also builds a dendrogram that can visually depict the relationship between genotypes. To overcome the constraint of high-dimensional genotypic data, an offline version of G-DIRT in the interface of R has also been developed. The G-DIRT is expected to help genebank curators, breeders and other researchers across the world in identifying germplasm duplicates from the global genebank collections by only using the easily sharable genotypic data instead of physically exchanging the seeds or propagating materials. The web server will complement the existing methods of germplasm duplicate identification based on passport or phenotypic information being freely accessible at http://webtools.nbpgr.ernet.in/gdirt/.
Older People, Loneliness, Social Isolation and Technological Mitigations: Utilising Experiences of the Covid-19 Pandemic as we Move Forward
Authors: Fawcett Barbara , Karastoyanova Konstantina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, the effects of social isolation which can lead to increasing feelings of loneliness and abandonment for some are examined. The article analyses findings which emerged from a qualitative study carried out with older people in three distinct areas in Scotland (city, rural and urban) who were shielding during Covid-19. It focuses on the ways in which social isolation affected them and the extent to which information and communication technology (ICT) and telecare technologies served to mitigate key aspects. The key themes which emerged from the research included loneliness as ‘multi-layered’, with these layers including ‘disconnections between loneliness and social isolation’; ‘well-being reversals’; ‘neighbours as strangers’; ‘disjointed communities and co-production’ and ‘service abandonment’. Additional themes which emerged focused on ‘ICT rebounds and evolvement’ and ‘hope, buoyancy and reciprocity’. These layers and themes can be seen to have longer term significance with regard to the implications for social work and social care planning as we move forward. They also emphasise the need for greater cohesiveness between health, telecare and social care services.
Habitual fish oil supplementation and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: findings from a large prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhang Junguo , Cai Anping , Chen Ge , Wang Xiaojie , Cai Miao , Li Haitao , Nissen Steven E , Lip Gregory Y H , Lin Hualiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Mixed effects of fish oil supplementation on the risks of atrial fibrillation (AF) were observed in several large-scale randomized controlled trials. Whether this relationship would be modified by genetic AF risk, baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD) status and background oily fish consumption are unknown.

Methods and results
We included 468 665 participants without AF at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort. The association between fish oil supplementation and the AF risk was assessed in the study cohort and in several subgroups, including genetic AF predisposition, baseline CVD status, and background oily fish consumption. During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, fish oil users had a higher rate of incident AF (6.2% vs. 5.2%, adjusted hazard ratio of 1.10, and 95% confidence interval of 1.07, 1.13). Compared with non-users, fish oil users had a higher rate of incident AF in the low (3.7% vs. 3.0%, P= 0.02), intermediate (5.8% vs. 4.8%, P &lt; 0.0001), and high (9.8% vs. 8.1%, P &lt; 0.0001) genetic AF risk groups. In participants without CVD at baseline, fish oil users had a higher rate of incident AF (5.3% vs. 4.1%, P &lt; 0.0001), which was not observed in participants with CVD at baseline (11.6% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.56), with significant interaction (P-interaction &lt; 0.0001). The association between fish oil supplementation and the AF risk was not modified by background oily fish consumption (P-interaction = 0.62).

Conclusion
Habitual fish oil supplementation was associated with the risk of incident AF, regardless of genetic AF predisposition and background oily fish consumption. This association was observed only in individuals without CVD at baseline.
A large-scale, multi-year microbial community survey of a freshwater trout aquaculture facility
Authors: Testerman Todd , Beka Lidia , Reichley Stephen R , King Stacy , Welch Timothy J , Wiens Gregory D , Graf Joerg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aquaculture is an important tool for solving the growing worldwide food demand, but infectious diseases of farmed animals represent a serious roadblock to continued industry growth. Therefore, it is essential to understand the microbial communities that reside within the built environments of aquaculture facilities to identify reservoirs of bacterial pathogens and potential correlations between commensal species and specific disease agents. Here, we present the results from 3 years of sampling a commercial rainbow trout aquaculture facility. We observed that the microbial communities residing on the abiotic surfaces within the hatchery were distinct from those residing on the surfaces at the facility's water source as well as the production raceways, despite similar communities in the water column at each location. Also, a subset of the water community seeds the biofilm communities. Lastly, we detected a common fish pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, within the hatchery, including at the source water inlet. Importantly, the relative abundance of this pathogen was correlated with clinical disease. Our results characterized the microbial communities in an aquaculture facility, established that the hatchery environment contains a unique community composition and demonstrated that a specific fish pathogen resides within abiotic surface biofilms and is seeded from the natural water source.
Genome Assembly of the Polyclad Flatworm Prostheceraeus crozieri
Authors: Leite Daniel J , Piovani Laura , Telford Maximilian J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polyclad flatworms are widely thought to be one of the least derived of the flatworm classes and, as such, are well placed to investigate evolutionary and developmental features such as spiral cleavage and larval diversification lost in other platyhelminths. Prostheceraeus crozieri, (formerly Maritigrella crozieri), is an emerging model polyclad flatworm that already has some useful transcriptome data but, to date, no sequenced genome. We have used high molecular weight DNA extraction and long-read PacBio sequencing to assemble the highly repetitive (67.9%) P. crozieri genome (2.07 Gb). We have annotated 43,325 genes, with 89.7% BUSCO completeness. Perhaps reflecting its large genome, introns were considerably larger than other free-living flatworms, but evidence of abundant transposable elements suggests genome expansion has been principally via transposable elements activity. This genome resource will be of great use for future developmental and phylogenomic research.
Ever the Father: Caring Masculinities Among Older Men in Two Bollywood Films
Authors: Roy Senjooti , Ayalon Liat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIdeals of masculinity have gradually evolved from dominant traits of “hegemonic masculinity” to a more nurturing concept of “caring masculinity” that recognizes the caregiving roles of men. In this article, we explore the performance of caring masculinities among older men in later life. We do this specifically in the Indian context by analyzing 2 Bollywood films, Piku (2015) and 102, Not Out (2018), which revolve around the lives of 3 widowers aged 70, 75, and 102.Research Design and MethodsWe use a directed content analysis approach to examine the performance of caring masculinities in intergenerational (older parent–adult child) relationships.ResultsBoth films exemplify tenets of caring masculinity as 3 older fathers continue to perform caring roles well into their later years. They also navigate a range of emotions and vulnerabilities that challenge behaviors associated with hegemonic masculinity, a mainstay of male role portrayal in Bollywood films. Additionally, the films highlight the complexity and fragility of intergenerational bonds, emphasizing the prevalence of ambivalence rather than pure solidarity or conflict that have traditionally been used to characterize such relationships.Discussion and ImplicationsThe films challenge the notion of older adults, especially older men, as being primarily care recipients as they age. The performance of caring masculinities allows for a reimagining of masculinity performance in society. The portrayal of men aging within nuclear households without spousal and/or intergenerational support encourages viewers to perceive new roles and realities for older men in India.
Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralization by Immunoglobulin Preparations Manufactured From Plasma Collected in the United States and Europe
Authors: Farcet Maria R , Karbiener Michael , Knotzer Simone , Schwaiger Julia , Kreil Thomas R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
After &gt;2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, immunoglobulins (IGs) contain highly potent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies, based on the large proportion of United States (US) plasma donors who have gone through COVID-19 or vaccination against the virus. Neutralization of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by antibodies generated after non-Omicron infection or vaccination has been lower though, raising concerns about the potency of IG against this new virus variant. Also, as plasma collected in the US remains the main source of IG, the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 for plasma collected elsewhere has been less well studied. Here, we confirm Omicron neutralization by US as well as European Union plasma–derived IG lots.
A ‘Right to Nutrition’ in its Social, Legal, and Political Context: How International Human Rights Translate to Zambian Realities
Authors: Harris Jody , Gibbons Sarah , Kaaba O’Brien , Hrynick Tabitha , Stirton Ruth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvery country has populations that are affected by malnutrition, and one third of all people in the world are malnourished. Among approaches to addressing malnutrition, the language of human rights is notably present in international nutrition discourse and national policy and covenants, but the conceptualization, implications and utility of human rights for nutrition practice are contested.This empirical research explores how the utility of a ‘right to nutrition’ is perceived by different actors, and how differences in interpretation affect its potential for reducing malnutrition. In undertaking this qualitative case-study, we apply socio-legal, critical development studies, and political science approaches to compare and contrast written documents and stated viewpoints, across actors in different sectors and levels from global to local, with a focus on Zambia.Human rights are clearly integrated with ideas of nutrition in written documents across levels, but these are largely rhetorical devices providing moral leverage and guiding language, not clearly directing action. Zambia has domesticated relevant international human rights law and has recent case law implicitly underpinning a right to nutrition; using the law brings a strengthening of policy, but also a narrowing of focus in terms of populations covered and issues justiciable. Views on what a right to nutrition means in practice are contested, with a lack of citizen’s rights education limiting participation, and a lack of clear norms on who should be doing what scattering accountability.Our research demonstrates that there are three distinct aspects to a rights-based approach—rhetorical, legal and practical—but that these generally act in silos. We argue that explicitly acknowledging these three functions of human rights is an important first step if a right to nutrition is desired; and explicitly addressing these aspects in combination and in context is fundamental to a coherent rights-based approach to nutrition.
Distance and age of the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1. I. Parallax method using Gaia-EDR3
Authors: Navarete Felipe , Damineli Augusto , Ramirez Aura E , Rocha Danilo F , Almeida Leonardo A 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Westerlund 1 (Wd 1) is one of the most massive young star clusters in the Milky Way. Although relevant for star formation and evolution, its fundamental parameters are not yet very well constrained. We aim to derive an accurate distance and provide constraints on the cluster age. We used the photometric and astrometric information available in the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia-EDR3) to infer its distance of 4.06$^{+0.36}_{-0.34}$ kpc. Modelling of the eclipsing binary system W36, reported in Paper II, led to the distance of 4.03 ± 0.25 kpc, in agreement with the Gaia-EDR3 distance and, therefore, validating the parallax zero-point correction approach appropriate for red objects. The weighted average distance based on these two methods results in dwd1  =  4.05 ± 0.20 kpc (m − M  =  13.04$^{+0.11}_{-0.12}$ mag), which has an unprecedented accuracy of 5 per cent. Using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) models for the Red Supergiants with solar abundance, we derived an age of 10.7 ± 1 Myr, in excellent agreement with recent work by Beasor & Davies (10.4$^{+1.3}_{-1.2}$ Myr) based on MIST evolutionary models. In Paper II, W36B was reported to be younger than 7.1 Myr, supporting recent claims of a temporal spread of several Myrs for the star-forming process within Wd 1 instead of a single monolithic starburst episode scenario.
A random walk model for halo triaxiality
Authors: Menker Paul , Benson Andrew 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We describe a semi-analytic model to predict the triaxial shapes of dark matter haloes utilizing the sequences of random merging events captured in merger trees to follow the evolution of each halo’s energy tensor. When coupled with a simple model for relaxation toward a spherical shape, we find that this model predicts distributions of halo axis length ratios that approximately agree with those measured from cosmological N-body simulations once constrained to match the median axial ratio at a single halo mass. We demonstrate the predictive and explanatory power of this model by considering conditioned distributions of axis length ratios, and the mass dependence of halo shapes, finding these to be in good agreement with N-body results. This model provides both insight into the physics driving the evolution of halo triaxial shapes, and rapid quantitative predictions for the statistics of triaxiality connected directly to the formation history of the halo.
Long-Term Trends in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in High-Rise Housing Serving Low-Income Residents in New York City: Three-Year Evaluation of a Federal Smoking Ban in Public Housing, 2018–2021
Authors: Anastasiou Elle , Gordon Terry , Wyka Katarzyna , Tovar Albert , Gill Emily , Rule Ana M , Elbel Brian , Kaplan J D Sue , Shelley Donna , Thorpe Lorna E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
In July 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development passed a rule requiring public housing authorities to implement smoke-free housing (SFH) policies. We measured secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure immediately before, and repeatedly up to 36 months post-SFH policy implementation in a purposeful sample of 21 New York City (NYC) high-rise buildings (&gt;15 floors): 10 NYC Housing Authority (NYCHA) buildings subject to the policy and 11 privately managed buildings in which most residents received housing vouchers (herein “Section 8”).

Aims and Methods
We invited participants from nonsmoking households (NYCHA n = 157, Section-8 n = 118) to enroll in a longitudinal air monitoring study, measuring (1) nicotine concentration with passive, bisulfate-coated filters, and (2) particulate matter (PM2.5) with low-cost particle sensors. We also measured nicotine concentrations and counted cigarette butts in common areas (n = 91 stairwells and hallways). We repeated air monitoring sessions in households and common areas every 6 months, totaling six post-policy sessions.

Results
After 3 years, we observed larger declines in nicotine concentration in NYCHA hallways than in Section-8, [difference-in-difference (DID) = −1.92 µg/m3 (95% CI –2.98, −0.87), p = .001]. In stairwells, nicotine concentration declines were larger in NYCHA buildings, but the differences were not statistically significant [DID= −1.10 µg/m3 (95% CI −2.40, 0.18), p = .089]. In households, there was no differential change in nicotine concentration (p = .093) or in PM2.5 levels (p = .385).

Conclusions
Nicotine concentration reductions in NYCHA common areas over 3 years may be attributable to the SFH policy, reflecting its gradual implementation over this time.

Implications
Continued air monitoring over multiple years has demonstrated that SHS exposure may be declining more rapidly in NYCHA common areas as a result of SFH policy adherence. This may have positive implications for improved health outcomes among those living in public housing, but additional tracking of air quality and studies of health outcomes are needed. Ongoing efforts by NYCHA to integrate the SFH policy into wider healthier-homes initiatives may increase policy compliance.
Co-occurring insomnia and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial of internet cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia versus internet cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety
Authors: Mason Elizabeth C , Grierson Ashlee B , Sie Amanda , Sharrock Maria J , Li Ian , Chen Aileen Z , Newby Jill M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Insomnia and anxiety are highly prevalent and frequently co-occur. Given limited therapeutic resources and time constraints, the aim of this study was to compare which treatment—internet cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia or internet CBT for anxiety—leads to the best outcomes in individuals with comorbid insomnia and anxiety.

Methods
120 participants with comorbid insomnia and clinical anxiety (as defined by scores above the clinical cutoff on the insomnia severity index (ISI) and the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7)) were randomized to receive internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for insomnia or iCBT for anxiety. The primary outcome measures were the ISI and the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale. Primary outcome measures were assessed before treatment, at mid-treatment, at post-treatment, and 3 months after treatment. Secondary outcome measures assessed depression symptoms, distress, and sleep diary parameters.

Results
Participants in both groups experienced large reductions in symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress, as well as improvements in sleep efficiency and total sleep time. Improvements were maintained at follow-up. Crucially, at the end of treatment, the insomnia treatment was more effective in reducing symptoms of insomnia than the anxiety treatment, and equally effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety. Treatment gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up, however, there were no differences between groups at that time point.

Conclusions
These results suggest that in the common case of a patient presenting with comorbid insomnia and anxiety, treatment for insomnia may be the most efficient treatment strategy.

Trial Registration
The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618001141235. Trial ID: ACTRN12618001141235. Trial name: a comparison of internet-based CBT for insomnia versus internet-based CBT for anxiety in a comorbid sample.