bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the quality characteristics of flour confectionery when adding vegetable puree for the sustainable development of food production
Authors: Efremova E N , Taranova E S , Zenina E A , Melnikova E A , Melnikov A G , Shershnev A A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The confectionery industry is an independent production sector in the food processing industry. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of products and expand the assortment of confectionery - cupcake, which consists in adding vegetable puree (pumpkin). The object of the study is the Dutch cupcake. In the Volgograd State Agrarian University at the Department of Processing Technologies and Food Safety, test baking of a cupcake confectionery with the addition of pumpkin puree was carried out. According to organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters, the cupcakes met the requirements of State Standard 15052-2014 “Cupcakes. General technical conditions”. When comparing the test samples, there are no significant differences, it differs in that the product with the addition of pumpkin puree has the smell and taste of pumpkin, and the porosity of the product decreases slightly, all this has a positive effect on the studied product. The profitability of the cupcake products with the addition of pumpkin puree is 1% higher than the control sample. A cupcake with the addition of pumpkin puree can be recommended as a preventive nutrition.
Modeling and prediction of electrical discharge machining performance parameters for AA 8081 hybrid composite using artificial neural network
Authors: Vivekanandhan M , Rajmohan K , Senthilkumar C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are gaining increasing attention from various industries due to their lightweight and more excellent wear resistance than conventional materials. Manufacturers embracing that difficulty in machining MMC due to reinforcing particles abrasive nature shorten the tool life. Electro-discharge machining (EDM) is an enormously used non-conventional process to remove material in die making, aerospace, and automobile industries and machine any material with the highest hardness. Hence in the present study, EDM was performed on an aluminium alloy 8081 (AA8081) with reinforcement of 10% SiC, 5% B4C, and 5% Gr particles utilizing an ultrasonic cavitation assisted stir casting process. The machining investigation was carried out adopting face-centered central composite design (CCD) with three parameters such as current, pulse-on time, and pulse-off time to ascertain the effects of two sustainable measures, viz., Material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) the data were collected. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed based on data obtained from experiments. Finally, experimental values are compared with the predicted values of ANN and found high prediction accuracy. The advanced model results are used to approximate the responses fairly precisely. The version features a mean coefficient of correlation of 0.99072. Effects uncovered that the projected version is employed for the prediction of the complex EDM process.
Plasma edge density fluctuation measurements via lithium beam emission spectroscopy on EAST
Authors: WU Donggui , HU Guanghai , ZOLETNIK S , XU Guosheng , DING Siye , LIU Jianbin , SHAO Linming , WANG Yifeng , CHEN Ran , YAN Ning , CHAO Yan , WANG Ping , DUNAI D , ANDA G , CHEN Liang , WANG Liang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Accurate and stable measurements of edge density fluctuation with high spatio-temporal resolution have been achieved by the lithium beam emission spectroscopy (Li-BES) diagnostic on experimental and advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). The new narrower band interference filter exhibits good ability to suppress background emission signal even under strong lithium coating of the tokamak. The raw data measured by channels at different spatial locations in avalanche photo diode camera with high chopping frequency show good consistency. Based on the detected experimental data, detailed information of density profile and fluctuation structures is obtained. A clear edge coherent mode in the auto-power spectrum is observed in pedestal region, which is regarded as the dominant factor for the strong pedestal density fluctuation amplitude. The cross-power spectrum analysis further excludes the additional effects of common-mode noises and non-local perturbation, demonstrating that the detected fluctuation is only caused by local density fluctuation. The normalized radial and poloidal wave-number spectra can specify the quantitative changes of radial wavenumber (k
r) and poloidal wavenumber (k
θ) during the pedestal density fluctuation phase. This new Li-BES system, which can provide more accurate experimental data, allows further studies of edge density fluctuation and complex transport process on EAST.
3-regular three-XORSAT planted solutions benchmark of classical and quantum heuristic optimizers
Authors: Kowalsky Matthew , Albash Tameem , Hen Itay , Lidar Daniel A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With current semiconductor technology reaching its physical limits, special-purpose hardware has emerged as an option to tackle specific computing-intensive challenges. Optimization in the form of solving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems, or equivalently Ising spin glasses, has been the focus of several new dedicated hardware platforms. These platforms come in many different flavors, from highly-efficient hardware implementations on digital-logic of established algorithms to proposals of analog hardware implementing new algorithms. In this work, we use a mapping of a specific class of linear equations whose solutions can be found efficiently, to a hard constraint satisfaction problem (three-regular three-XORSAT, or an Ising spin glass) with a ‘golf-course’ shaped energy landscape, to benchmark several of these different approaches. We perform a scaling and prefactor analysis of the performance of Fujitsu’s digital annealer unit (DAU), the D-Wave advantage quantum annealer, a virtual MemComputing machine, Toshiba’s simulated bifurcation machine (SBM), the SATonGPU algorithm from Bernaschi et al, and our implementation of parallel tempering. We identify the SATonGPU and DAU as currently having the smallest scaling exponent for this benchmark, with SATonGPU having a small scaling advantage and in addition having by far the smallest prefactor thanks to its use of massive parallelism. Our work provides an objective assessment and a snapshot of the promise and limitations of dedicated optimization hardware relative to a particular class of optimization problems.
HOXA10 improves endometrial receptivity by upregulating E-cadherin
Authors: Bi Yin , Huang Weiyu , Yuan Lifang , Chen Saiqiong , Liao Shengbin , Fu Xiaoqian , Liu Bo , Yang Yihua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the endometrium of women with recurrent implantation failure and unexplained recurrent miscarriage, the expression levels of homeobox A10 and E-cadherin were positively correlated. To explore whether homeobox A10 regulates E-cadherin during endometrial receptivity establishment, Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells were transfected with target-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression plasmid of homeobox A10. The expression levels of homeobox A10 and E-cadherin were measured by western blot and quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Attachment assay of JEG-3 spheroids to endometrial cells were conducted to explore the adhesive functions after homeobox A10 interfered. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and dual luciferase reporter were used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of homeobox A10. The CD1 mice were transfected with si-homeobox A10 to confirm these results in vivo. In Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells, the expression of E-cadherin was positively correlated with homeobox A10 when it was silenced/overexpressed. Consistently, the adhesion of endometrial epithelium cells and trophoblast cells was inhibited after homeobox A10 was silenced, and exogenous restoration of E-cadherin expression reversed this effect to some extent. Homeobox A10 regulates the expression of E-cadherin by directly binding to a conserved motif (TGTACTAAAAA) located in the E-cadherin promoter region. In addition, after knockdown of homeobox A10 in CD1 mice, both the implantation and live birth rates were decreased. In conclusion, homeobox A10 can bind to the E-cadherin promoter region and directly regulate its expression, thereby improving endometrial receptivity and subsequently increasing the embryo adhesion and implantation.
Transgenic Drosophila lines for LexA-dependent gene and growth regulation
Authors: Chang Kathleen R , Tsao Deborah D , Bennett Celine , Wang Elaine , Floyd Jax F , Tay Ashley S Y , Greenwald Emily , Kim Ella S , Griffin Catherine , Morse Elizabeth , Chisholm Townley , Rankin Anne E , Baena-Lopez Luis Alberto , Lantz Nicole , Fox Elizabeth , Kockel Lutz , Kim Seung K , Park Sangbin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Conditional expression of short hairpin RNAs with binary genetic systems is an indispensable tool for studying gene function. Addressing mechanisms underlying cell–cell communication in vivo benefits from simultaneous use of 2 independent gene expression systems. To complement the abundance of existing Gal4/UAS-based resources in Drosophila, we and others have developed LexA/LexAop-based genetic tools. Here, we describe experimental and pedagogical advances that promote the efficient conversion of Drosophila Gal4 lines to LexA lines, and the generation of LexAop-short hairpin RNA lines to suppress gene function. We developed a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in system to replace Gal4 coding sequences with LexA, and a LexAop-based short hairpin RNA expression vector to achieve short hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing. We demonstrate the use of these approaches to achieve targeted genetic loss-of-function in multiple tissues. We also detail our development of secondary school curricula that enable students to create transgenic flies, thereby magnifying the production of well-characterized LexA/LexAop lines for the scientific community. The genetic tools and teaching methods presented here provide LexA/LexAop resources that complement existing resources to study intercellular communication coordinating metazoan physiology and development.
Chromosomal-level genome and multi-omics dataset of Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii provide new insights into legume family and the isoflavone and puerarin biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Shang Xiaohong , Yi Xinxin , Xiao Liang , Zhang Yansheng , Huang Ding , Xia Zhengbao , Ou Kunpeng , Ming Ruhong , Zeng Wendan , Wu Dongqing , Cao Sheng , Lu Liuyin , Yan Huabing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (hereinafter abbreviated as Podalirius thomsonii), a member of the legume family, is one of the important traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and its puerarin extract is widely used in the health and pharmaceutical industry. Here, we assembled a high-quality genome of P. thomsonii using long-read single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The genome assembly is ~1.37 Gb in size and consists of 5145 contigs with a contig N50 of 593.70 kb, further clustered into 11 pseudochromosomes. Genome structural annotation resulted in ~869.33 Mb (~62.70% of the genome) repeat regions and 45 270 protein-coding genes. Genome evolution analysis revealed that P. thomsonii is most closely related to soybean and underwent two ancient whole-genome duplication events; one was in the common ancestor shared by legume species and the other occurred independently at around 7.2 million years ago, after its speciation. A total of 2373 gene families were found to be unique in P. thomsonii compared with five other legume species. Genes and metabolites related to puerarin content in tuberous tissues were characterized. A total of 572 genes that were upregulated in the puerarin biosynthesis pathway were identified, and 235 candidate genes were further enriched by omics data. Furthermore, we identified six 8-C-glucosyltransferase (8-C-GT) candidate genes significantly involved in puerarin metabolism. Our study filled a key genomic gap in the legume family, and provided valuable multi-omic resources for the genetic improvement of P. thomsonii.
Cytokinins are involved in regulation of tomato pericarp thickness and fruit size
Authors: Gan Lijun , Song Mengying , Wang Xuechun , Yang Na , Li Hu , Liu Xuexia , Li Yi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although cytokinins (CKs) regulate fruit development, no direct genetic evidence supports the role of endogenous CKs in pericarp growth or development or fruit size. Here, we report that the reduction in levels of endogenous active CKs via overexpression of the CK-inactivating enzyme gene AtCKX2 specifically in fruit tissues resulted in reduced pericarp thickness and smaller fruit size compared with wild-type control fruits. Pericarp thickness and single fruit weight in transgenic plants were significantly reduced. Analysis of paraffin sections showed that the reduced pericarp thickness was due largely to a decreased number of cells, and thus decreased cell division. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of cell division- and expansion-related genes was reduced in AtCKX2-overexpressing fruits. In addition, the expression of auxin-signaling and gibberellin-biosynthetic genes was repressed, whereas that of gibberellin-inactivating genes was enhanced, in AtCKX2-overexpressing fruits. These results demonstrate that endogenous CKs regulate pericarp cell division and subsequently fruit size. They also suggest that CKs interact with auxin and gibberellins in regulating tomato pericarp thickness and fruit size.
Genome-wide association analysis provides molecular insights into natural variation in watermelon seed size
Authors: Gong Chengsheng , Zhao Shengjie , Yang Dongdong , Lu Xuqiang , Anees Muhammad , He Nan , Zhu Hongju , Zhao Yong , Liu Wenge 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Watermelons used for seed consumption tend to have larger seeds, whereas watermelons used for flesh consumption often require relatively small seeds. Therefore, watermelon seed size has received extensive attention from consumers and breeders. However, the natural variation and genetic mechanism of watermelon seed size remain unclear. In the present study, 100-seed weight, seed hilum length, seed length, seed width, and seed thickness were examined in 197 watermelon accessions. Furthermore, association analysis was performed between seed size traits and high-quality SNP data. The results revealed that there were strong correlations among the five seed traits, and seed enlargement was an important feature during watermelon seed size domestication. The seed-consumed biological species Citrullus mucosospermus and the edible seed watermelon Citrullus lanatus had significantly larger seeds than the other species. Eleven non-repeating significant SNPs above the threshold line were obtained from GWAS analysis. Four SNPs on chromosome 5 were considered to be closely associated with seed size traits (S5:32250307, S5:32250454, S5:32256177, and S5:32260870) and could be used as potential molecular markers for the breeding of watermelon cultivars with a target seed size. In addition, based on gene annotation information and previous reports, five genes near the four significant SNPs may regulate seed size. qRT-PCR analysis showed that two genes that may be involved in abscisic acid metabolism, Cla97C05G104360 and Cla97C05G104380, may play an important role in regulating watermelon seed size. Our findings provide molecular insights into natural variation in watermelon seed size and valuable information for molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Autocatalytic biosynthesis of abscisic acid and its synergistic action with auxin to regulate strawberry fruit ripening
Authors: Li Tianyu , Dai Zhengrong , Zeng Baozhen , Li Jie , Ouyang Jinyao , Kang Li , Wang Wei , Jia Wensuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening; however, the origin of the ABA signal is largely unknown. Here, we report an autocatalytic mechanism for ABA biosynthesis and its synergistic interaction with auxin to regulate strawberry fruit ripening. We demonstrate that ABA biosynthesis is self-induced in the achenes but not in the receptacle, resulting in its substantial accumulation during ripening. ABA was found to regulate both IAA transport and biosynthesis, thereby modulating IAA content during both early fruit growth and later fruit ripening. Taken together, these results reveal the origins of the ABA signal and demonstrate the importance of its coordinated action with IAA in the regulation of strawberry fruit development and ripening.
Luteal color doppler ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins as early pregnancy diagnostic tools and predictors of pregnancy loss in Bos taurus postpartum beef cows
Authors: Holton Matthew Patrick , Oosthuizen Nicola , Melo Gabriela Dalmaso de , Davis Dylan Blake , Stewart Robert Lawton , Pohler Ky Garret , Lamb Graham Cliff , Fontes Pedro Levy Piza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of luteal color doppler (CD) ultrasonography and plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) for early pregnancy diagnosis in Bos taurus beef cows. Additionally, CD and PAG were evaluated as potential predictors of late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM). Postpartum beef cows (n = 212) were exposed to estrus synchronization followed by fixed-time artificial insemination (day 0). On days 20 and 22, B-mode and CD ultrasonography were performed to evaluate corpus luteum (CL) morphometries and blood perfusion. Moreover, blood samples were collected on days 25 and 29 to quantify circulating concentrations of PAG. Conventional ultrasonography on days 29 and 100 was utilized as the gold-standard method for pregnancy diagnosis. Cows that experienced pregnancy loss between days 29 and 100 were classified as LEM. Pregnant cows had larger and more vascularized CL compared with nonpregnant cows on days 20 and 22 (P &lt; 0.001 for all response variables). Accuracy for CD on days 20 and 22 were 87% and 92%, respectively. Accuracy for PAG on days 25 and 29 were 84% and 99%, respectively. No false negative (FN) results were observed for CD on both days 20 and 22; however, there were 7.1% FN results for PAG on day 25. Cows that experienced LEM had decreased (P = 0.04) circulating PAG on day 29 of gestation compared with cows that maintained pregnancy; however, there were no differences in luteal blood perfusion on days 20 and 22 (P ≥ 0.53) or circulating PAG on day 25 (P = 0.46) between LEM cows and cows that maintained pregnancy. Sensitivity and specificity of PAG on day 29 as predictors of LEM were 83% and 77%, respectively. In conclusion, CD resulted in accurate pregnancy diagnosis in B. taurus beef cows on both days 20 and 22 of gestation, while having no FN results. Circulating concentrations of PAG were decreased in cows that experienced LEM; however, further research is required to utilize PAG as a predictor of LEM commercially.
Aquatic Macrophytes Hosting Immature Mansonia (Mansonia) Blanchard, 1901 (Diptera, Culicidae) in Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil
Authors: Amorim J A , Sa I L R , Rojas M V R , Santos Neto N F , Galardo A K R , Carvalho D P , Ribeiro K A N , Sallum M A M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
High abundance of hematophagous mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia Blanchard, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) threatens human and domestic animal health and well-being. Knowledge of the biology of nuisance mosquito species is necessary to understand specific ecological and biological factors to enable rapid and effective monitoring measures for sustainable control programs. The establishment and dispersion of Mansonia species are associated with the occurrence of aquatic macrophytes species, which are indispensable for the development of larvae and pupae. To increase knowledge of the host plants for Mansonia immature stages in Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil, specimens of four plant species, which occur across the tributaries of the Madeira River were sampled and inspected for the presence of egg batches, larvae, and pupae. A total of 1,386 larvae and pupae of Mansonia spp. were collected attached to the roots of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae), Pistia stratiotes L. (Alismatales: Araceae), and Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. and Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Heine (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae). The novel association of Mansonia species with L. laevigatum is presented. Egg batches of Mansonia spp. were found only on Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. (Salviniales: Salviniaceae). Possible differences in the roles played by E. crassipes and S. molesta in the reproductive cycle of Mansonia spp. in the surveyed area are discussed. All species of host plants including E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, S. molesta, and L. laevigatum should be considered when planning macrophyte management for the control of Mansonia species.
Larvicidal Activity of Methyl Benzoate, a Volatile Organic Compound, Against the Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Mostafiz Md Munir , Ryu Jihun , Akintola Ashraf Akintayo , Choi Kwang Shik , Hwang Ui Wook , Hassan Errol , Lee Kyeong-Yeoll 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Methyl benzoate (MBe) is a volatile organic molecule found in various plants; it is used as an insect semiochemical. MBe also has a biorational insecticidal effect against various agricultural and urban arthropod pests. The present study was the first to assess the larvicidal potential of MBe against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex pipiens (L.). A positive association was observed between MBe concentrations and larval mortality in both the species. The highest mortality recorded was 100% for Ae. albopictus and 56% for Cx. pipiens after 24 h of exposure to 200 ppm MBe. The lethal median concentration (LC50) values of MBe against fourth-instar larvae of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens were 61 ppm and 185 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that MBe has great potential for use as an environmentally friendly larvicidal agent for mosquito control.