bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of past earthquakes in the Kopili Fault zone, NE India: New evidence of paleoliquefaction
Authors: Lakshmi B.V. , Baba Mujahed , Gawali Pravin B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Kopili Fault (KF) zone, one of the active faults in Northeastern region (NER), has experienced large earthquakes in 1869 (Mw 7.5) and 1943 (Mw 7.2). In order to mitigate future occurrences of earthquakes in the KF zone it is essential to understand its long term seismic history and seismic hazard implications. Seismogenic liquefaction features were identified at three trench sites in the floodplain deposits of Kolong River, near KF zone. The liquefaction features include multiple sand dykes, sand blows and flame like intrusion. These structures are direct response to a fluid escape during liquefaction mechanism and past seismic activity. The earthquake induced liquefaction features were dated at AD 1848-1915, AD 1782-1826, AD 1640-1770, AD 1540-1626, and AD 1057-1211. The liquefaction event dated at AD 1640-1770 may correlate with the 250±50 yr BP earthquake, recognized in an earlier study in the KF Zone, Assam. The late medieval liquefaction episodes were also identified in the study sites. The study sections also revealed sand dykes and sand blows that can be ascribed to the 1869 earthquake. The data generated in the present study deciphers five temporally close intervals of earthquakes of large types in the KF Zone during the last ~1000 years with a return period of ~200 years. Additional excavations and dating of earthquake induced liquefaction features is required to precisely evaluate the frequency of major earthquakes in the KF zone.
Distributed Attitude Synchronization Control of Switched Networked Satellite Formation Flying
Authors: Kada Belkacem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the leader-follower finite-time attitude synchronization and stabilization for satellite formation flying (SFF) under directed switching communication topologies. Specifically, a distributed attitude synchronization control scheme is proposed to guarantee finite-time convergence to leader’s attitude and desired angular velocity for SFF under time-varying but jointly connected switching communication topologies. First, finite-time consensus protocols are designed for leader’s attitude tracking. The protocols are developed based on non-smooth control techniques such as homogeneity with dilatation and LaSalle invariance principle. Then, a distributed finite-time angular velocity estimator is designed using super-twisting sliding-mode control. The estimator helps solving communication loss issues, reducing communication burden, and canceling chattering effect due to high-rate convergence. Simulations are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Improving the Efficiency of the Assembly of Cellulosomes Derived from Clostridium Thermocellum by in Silico Design of Docking Protein
Authors: Wang Zirui , Yang Cuiping , Xue Le , Lu Jie , Du Peng , Li Nan , Li Piwu , Wang Junqing , Wang Ruiming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThe docking and adhesion proteins present in cellulosomes are critical for the efficiency of their assembly. In this study, a in silico design method was used to directionally modify the calcium ion-binding site of a key component, namely, the type I docking protein DocA, of the cellulosomes of Clostridium thermocellum.ResultsThe results indicated that a mutated DocA-D41 exhibited a highest binding capacity for the type I adhesion protein Coh at a calcium ion concentration of 5 × 10−4 mol/L, which was 4.11 times the capacity of the original DocA. A molecular dynamics simulation showed that the high-frequency RMSD values for DocA-D40 and DocA-D41 were 0.232 and 0.228, lower than that of the original DocA, which implies that the mutants DocA-D40 and DocA-D41 were more stable than that of DocA.ConclusionThe results of this study provide an efficient method for constructing efficient C. thermocellum-derived cellulosomes, and will lay the foundation for the design of other types of cellulosomes.
The Interface between Unitary Hypothesis and Componential Approach to Testing Reading Skills: Do Subjects Show Similar Levels of Performance with Respect to Specific Reading Sub-Skills in Tests Representing both Theories? Descriptive Correlational Study
Authors: Wanna Wendiyfraw 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to have a better understanding of the nature of reading behavior, it is quite essential to scrutinize the underlying assumptions of the two competing theories: the componential approach and unitary hypothesis and see how this is reflected on testing the reading skills. As a result, the current study was aimed at broadening the existing knowledge horizon by trying to identify if there was relationship in the overall scores of learners at different ability groups in Reading Sub-skills Test and reading levels in Cloze Test and showing how they differed in their performance with respect to specific reading sub-skills. So as to address the specific research objectives, tests were used to collect the required data. More specifically, these included: a cloze test to determine the subjects’ reading levels; and a reading sub-skills test to find out their performance in terms of the sub-skills at word, sentence, and discourse level. Descriptive statistics (i.e. frequencies and percentages) and correlations were used to analyze the data collected. Besides, the SPSS was used to carry out the computations and normality tests which showed that the test scores were not normally distributed. Hence, Kendall’s tau, a non-parametric test, was used to carry out correlation coefficients. In addition, the data analysis revealed that average-scorers, low-scorers, test-takers at instructional reading level, and those at frustration level had much difficulty with most of the reading sub-skills with varying degrees. Eventually, recommendations were suggested so that learners could improve their difficulties with the reading sub-skills.
Purification and characterization of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase from skeletal muscle of Urocitellus richardsonii.
Authors: MacLean Isabelle A. , Varma Anchal , Storey Kenneth B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH, EC 1.1.1.42) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate with the concomitant production of NADPH. NADPH plays important roles in many biosynthesis pathways, maintenance of proper oxidation-reduction balance, and protection against oxidative damage. This present study investigated the dynamic nature of NADP-IDH during hibernation by purifying it from the skeletal muscle of Richardson's ground squirrel (Urocitellus richardsonii) and analyzing its structural and functional changes in response to hibernation. Kinetic parameters of purified NADP-IDH from euthermic and hibernating ground squirrel skeletal muscle were characterized at 22°C and 5°C. Relative to euthermic muscle, NADP-IDH in hibernating muscle had a higher affinity for its substrate, isocitrate at 22°C, whereas at 5°C, there was a significant decrease in isocitrate affinity. Western blot analysis revealed greater serine and threonine phosphorylation in hibernator NADP-IDH as compared to euthermic NADP-IDH. In addition, Bioinformatic analysis predicted the presence of 18 threonine and 21 serine phosphorylation sites on squirrel NADP-IDH. The structural and functional changes in NADP-IDH indicate the ability of the organism to reduce energy consumption during hibernation, while emphasizing increased NADPH production, and thus antioxidant activity, during torpor arousal cycles.
What’s in a resource gradient ? Comparing alternative cues for foraging in dynamic environments via movement, perception, and memory
Authors: Fagan William F. , Saborio Cole , Hoffman Tyler , Gurarie Eliezer , Cantrell Robert Stephen , Cosner Chris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Consumers must track and acquire resources in complex landscapes. Much discussion has focused on the concept of a ‘resource gradient’ and the mechanisms by which consumers can take advantage of such gradients as they navigate their landscapes in search of resources. However, the concept of tracking resource gradients means different things in different contexts. Here we take a synthetic approach and consider six different definitions of what it means to search for resources based on density or gradients in density. These include scenarios where consumers change their movement behavior based on the density of conspecifics, on the density of resources, and on spatial or temporal gradients in resources. We also consider scenarios involving non-local perception and a form of memory. Using a continuous space, continuous time model that allows consumers to switch between resource-tracking and random motion, we investigate the relative performance of these six different strategies. Consumers’ success in matching the spatiotemporal distributions of their resources differs starkly across the six scenarios. Movement strategies based on perception and response to temporal (rather than spatial) resource gradients afforded consumers with the best opportunities to match resource distributions. All scenarios would allow for optimization of resource matching in terms of the underlying parameters, providing opportunities for evolutionary adaptation, and links back to classical studies of foraging ecology.
Top-Down Regulation of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) in Its Native Range in the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Crandall Ryan S , Lombardo Jeffrey A. , Elkinton Joseph S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The density of insect herbivores is regulated by top-down factors (e.g., natural enemies), bottom-up effects (e.g., plant defenses against herbivory), or a combination of both. As such, understanding the relative importance of these factors can have important implications for the establishment of effective management options for invasive species. Here, we compared the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up factors on the abundance of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae. HWA is invasive in eastern North America, but its native range includes the Pacific Northwest of North America where it has co-evolved with western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla. Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, can also be found planted in city and park settings in the Pacific Northwest and the presence of both host species allowed us to directly compare the importance of predators (top-down) and host plant resistance (bottom-up) on HWA abundance by placing mesh exclusion bags on branches of both species and monitoring HWA abundance over two years. We found no evidence for bottom-up control of HWA on western hemlock (a native host). HWA established more readily on that species than on eastern hemlock on which it is a major pest in eastern North America. We found strong evidence for top-down control in that both summer and winter-active predators significantly reduced HWA densities on the branches of both tree species where predators were allowed access. These findings support the validity of the biological control program for HWA, the goal of which is to reduce outbreak populations of HWA in eastern North America.
Deefgea salmonis sp. nov., isolated from gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Chen Mei Qun , Tian Yun , Zhang Chi , Zhou Jian She , Zhaxi La Mu , Wang Wan Liang , pan hu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel gram-negative, milky-white, facultative anaerobic, immobile, rod-shaped bacterium named strain H3-26T was isolated from gills of Oncorhynchus mykiss in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, PR China. Strain H3-26T grew at 4–30℃ and pH 5.0–11.0 (optimum, 25℃ and pH 7.0) with 0–1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain H3-26T showed the highest similarity to Deefgea rivuli WB 3.4-79T (98.42%), followed by Deefgea chitinilytica Nsw-4T (96.91%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes indicated that strain H3-26T was a new member of the genus Deefgea. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between the genome sequence of strain H3-26T and related strains were 21.20-21.90% and 76.29-77.43%, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H3-26T was 48.29%. The predominant fatty acids of strain H3-26T (＞5.0% of the total amounts) were comprised of C16:1 ω7c (40.77%), C16:0 (23.07%), C12:0 (5.89%) and C14:0 (5.88%). Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic datas, strain H3-26T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Deefgea, for which the name Deefgea salmonis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H3-26T (=JCM 35050T=CICC 25103T).
The risk factors of trigeminocardiac reflex caused by Onyx embolization during cerebrovascular intervention operation
Authors: Sun Zhaochu , Bhuiyan Piplu , Lu Hua , Qian Yanning , Xiao Hang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a brainstem reflexive response of hemodynamic instability during surgery. However, few risk factor analysis and management strategies of TCR have been highlighted in the literature. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the risk factors for Onyx embolization during cerebrovascular intervention operation so as to optimize perioperative management and reduce the incidence of TCR.
Methods
We performed a retrospective study on consecutive patients with Onyx embolization over a 4-years period. According to whether TCR episode, they were divided into TCR group and control group. Cases and controls were compared regarding patient characteristics, comorbidities, hemodynamics and complications. We also constructed several multivariable regression models to analyze the risk factors.
Results
Among 195 identified patients, 27 patients (13.8%) occurred TCR. During DMSO/Onyx injection, HR and MAP were much lower in the TCR group than control group (P < 0.01). Notably, on univariable analysis, the patients with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) and middle meningeal artery being affected was associated with a higher incidence of TCR (P < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, we also found that significant predictors of TCR were DAVF (OR = 12.78; 95%CI [3.57–45.68]), CCF (OR = 7.65; 95%CI [1.64–35.65]), the lesion which supplied by the middle meningeal artery (OR = 4.24; 95%CI [1.67–10.73]), and bradycardia before embolization (OR = 2.55; 95%CI [1.08–5.99]).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that DAVF, CCF, and middle meningeal artery embolism may the risk factors for intraoperative TCR episode during Onyx endovascular embolization. Therefore, it is worth further study to take appropriate measures to block TCR-related risk factors during endovascular embolization.
Trial registration:
ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000038839; Registered 5 October 2020.
Women’s Perception of and Readiness to Adopt A Healthy and Sustainable Diet: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Enugu City, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuabor Daniel Chukwuemeka , Ogbuabor Alphonsus Ogbonna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Perceived benefit of and readiness to adopt healthy and sustainable diets (HSDs) is under-investigated in low-resource countries. We assessed women’s perceived benefit of and readiness to adopt HSDs and their associated factors in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria.Methods: A household cross-sectional survey of childbearing age women (n = 450) was conducted in January and February 2021 using a questionnaire assessing food choice motives, perceived benefit, and readiness to adopt HSDs. Readiness to adopt HSDs was grouped into pre-contemplation and contemplation (PC/C), preparation and relapse (P/R), and action and maintenance (A/M). Data were analysed using univariate and bivariate statistics and multinominal logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at alpha 0.05 level. Results: About 79% and 60% of women have high perception and adopted HSDs respectively. Perceived benefit of HSD was associated with younger age (β = -0.20, ρ < 0.05), low education (β = -0.19, ρ < 0.05), and poor wealth quintile (β = -0.57, ρ < 0.001). PC/C was predicted by low perceived benefit (OR = 10.07, 95% CI: 4.78-21.22, ρ < 0.001), low education (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.25-5.04, ρ = 0.010), and prioritising taste as a food choice motive (OR = 3.96, 95% CI: 1.61-9.75, ρ = 0.003). PR was predicted by low perceived benefit (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.99-7.73, ρ < 0.001), low education (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.00-3.29, ρ = 0.049). A/M was related to younger age (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.84, ρ = 0.010, PR), and stating health as a food choice motive (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06-0.36, ρ < 0.001, PC/C) and (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08-0.35, ρ < 0.001, P/R). The foregoing findings notwithstanding, significant differences exist in the predictive factors associated with perceived benefits of and readiness to adopt individual healthy and sustainable dietary behaviours.Conclusions: Readiness to adopt HSDs need to improve in Enugu, Nigeria. We identified the factors that should inform dietary guidelines and campaigns to increase women's readiness to adopt HSDs.
Importance of MUC17 in the Bile-Induced Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Authors: Gál Eleonóra , Menyhárt István , Veréb Zoltán , Tiszlavicz László , Takács Tamás , Czakó László , Hegyi Péter , Venglovecz Viktoria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We have previously shown that bile acids (BAs) accelerate carcinogenic processes in pancreatic cancer (PC) in which mucin 4 (MUC4) expression has a central role. However, the roles of other mucin isoforms in PC are less clear, especially in bile-induced cancer progression. The study aim was to investigate expression of MUC17 in a BAs- or human serum-treated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell line and use different assays with RNA silencing to study the role of MUC17 in cancer progression. Protein expression of MUC17 was evaluated in 52 human pancreatic samples by immunohistochemistry, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to compare survival curves. Expression of MUC17 increased in PDAC patients, especially in obstructive jaundice (OJ). A significant association was found between elevated MUC17 expression and poorer overall survival in the PDAC + OJ group. Treatment of PDAC cells with BAs or with human serum obtained from PDAC + OJ patients enhanced the expression of MUC17, whereas knockdown of MUC17 alone or in combination with MUC4 decreased BAs-induced carcinogenic processes. Our results demonstrated that MUC17 has a central role in bile-induced PC progression, and in addition to MUC4, this isoform also can be used as a novel prognostic biomarker.
A Prognostic Nomogram via Competing Risk Model with Patterns of Extracranial Metastasis in Elderly NSCLC Patients with Synchronous Brain-metastasis: A Large Population-based Study
Authors: Zhang Mingwei , Zhu Zijing , Jiang Wenying , Peng Shaoli , Zhou Weitong , Zhuang Jinfu , Hong Jinsheng , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: To determine whether the patterns of extracranial metastasis (ECMs) provide supplementary prognositc information to DS-GPA in elderly NSCLC patients with synchronous BM. Methods: This study included 4974 NSCLC patients with initial BM diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Patients were divided randomly into training and hold-out test sets. Patterns of ECMs were established based on the difference of survival via competing risk analysis in the training set. A nomogram prediction of 6-month, 12-month, and 18-month disease-specific survival (DSS) was built using independent prognostic factors. Results: Three patterns of ECM were recognized: MA (neither liver, bone, nor lung involvement), MB (without liver involvement), and MC (with liver involvement). Comparing MA, MB and MC showed significant correlation to survival (SHR, 1.126, 95% CI, 1.053-1.205, P<0.001; SHR, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.339-1.592, P<0.001, respectively). In the hold-out test set, the AUC of the ROC curve for the 6-month DSS prediction reached 0.778, whereas reaching 0.757 in the training set. The calibration curves did not deviate from the reference line. Decision curve analyses revealed the net benefit of the nomogram for clinical utility. Conclusions: These results help clinicians make decisions for brain-metastatic NSCLC in the era of precision therapy. The risk stratification of extracranial involvements indicates differential treatment for elderly NSCLC patients with synchronous brain-metastasis.
Response of drought index to land use types in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi, China
Authors: Wang Weixuan , Cui Chenfeng , Yu Weihua , Lu Liang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
From 1980 to 2010, the types of land use in the Loess Plateau region of Shaanxi changed, which is affected the changes of drought. To study the impact of reform and opening up and the project of returning farmland to forests on drought in the study area, the drought index SPI of 8 stations was obtained on the basis of the meteorological and land use data of the study area from 1980 to 2010. From the perspective of various land-use types, based on univariate linear regression, the time envelope is divided into five periods, and the impacts of different land-use types on drought are analyzed one by one. From 1980 to 2010, the outcomes showed that the drought intensity of forest was the largest, the arable land is the second largest and town and country is final. However, arable land had the greatest response to drought index, followed by town and country, and forest had the weakest response to drought index. From 2000 to 2010, the drought intensity of the forest was the largest, followed by town and country and arable land. Also, drought index has the strongest response to the forest, the second is town and country, the arable land is final. The area of forest, grass and town and country is increasing, the proportion of arable land cuts down year by year, and the types of land use are constantly undergoing complex changes. The drought index has a strong response to the change of arable land to grass and arable land to town and country, but has a weak response to the mutual transformation of grass and town and country.