bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-magnitude, late Holocene earthquakes on the Genoa fault, west-central Nevada and eastern California
Authors: Ramelli Alan R. , Bell John W. , dePolo Craig M. , Yount James C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Genoa fault, a principal normal fault of the transition zone between the Basin and Range Province and the northern Sierra Nevada, displays a large and conspicuous prehistoric scarp. Three trenches excavated across this scarp exposed two large-displacement, late Holocene events. Two of the trenches contained multiple layers of stratified charcoal, yielding radiocarbon ages suggesting the most recent and penultimate events on the main part of the fault occurred 500-600 cal B.P., and 2000-2200 cal B.P., respectively. Normal-slip offsets of 3-5.5 m per event along much of the rupture length are comparable to the largest historical Basin and Range Province earthquakes, suggesting these paleoearthquakes were on the order of magnitude 7.2-7.5. The apparent late Holocene slip rate (2-3 mm/yr) is one of the highest in the Basin and Range Province.Based on structural and behavioral differences, the Genoa fault is here divided into four principal sections (the Sierra, Diamond Valley, Carson Valley, and Jacks Valley sections) and is distinguished from three northeast-striking faults in the Carson City area (the Kings Canyon, Carson City, and Indian Hill faults). The conspicuous scarp extends for nearly 25 km, the combined length of the Carson Valley and Jacks Valley sections. The Diamond Valley section lacks the conspicuous scarp, and older alluvial fans and bedrock outcrops on the downthrown side of the fault indicate a lower activity rate. Activity further decreases to the south along the Sierra section, which consists of numerous distributed faults. All three northeast-striking faults in the Carson City area ruptured within the past few thousand years, and one or more may have ruptured during recent events on the Genoa fault.
Attenuation and source properties at the Coso Geothermal Area, California
Authors: Hough S. E. , Lees J. M. , Monastero F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe use a multiple-empirical Green's function method to determine source properties of small (M −0.4 to 1.3) earthquakes and P- and S-wave attenuation at the Coso Geothermal Field, California. Source properties of a previously identified set of clustered events from the Coso geothermal region are first analyzed using an empirical Green's function (EGF) method. Stress-drop values of at least 0.5-1 MPa are inferred for all of the events; in many cases, the corner frequency is outside the usable bandwidth, and the stress drop can only be constrained as being higher than 3 MPa. P- and S-wave stress-drop estimates are identical to the resolution limits of the data. These results are indistinguishable from numerous EGF studies of M 2-5 earthquakes, suggesting a similarity in rupture processes that extends to events that are both tiny and induced, providing further support for Byerlee's Law. Whole-path Q estimates for P and S waves are determined using the multiple-empirical Green's function (MEGF) method of Hough (1997), whereby spectra from clusters of colocated events at a given station are inverted for a single attenuation parameter, κ, with source parameters constrained from EGF analysis. The κ estimates, which we infer to be resolved to within 0.01 sec or better, exhibit almost as much scatter as a function of hypocentral distance as do values from previous single-spectrum studies for which much higher uncertainties in individual κ estimates are expected. The variability in κ estimates determined here therefore suggests real lateral variability in Q structure. Although the ray-path coverage is too sparse to yield a complete three-dimensional attenuation tomographic image, we invert the inferred κ value for three-dimensional structure using a damped least-squares method, and the results do reveal significant lateral variability in Q structure. The inferred attenuation variability corresponds to the heat-flow variations within the geothermal region. A central low-Q region corresponds well with the central high-heat flow region; additional detailed structure is also suggested.
Retrospective comparative study of laboratory parameters in Covid-19 positive deceased and non-deceased cases
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Trivedi Pawan , Singh Anjana , Verma Vidhi 
Published: November 2022

Covid 19 infection came into existence in 2019 and hence the name. It started from a city in China named Wuhan. It continued to affect the whole world, so in 2020 it was declared as a pandemic outbreak and is prevalent worldwide till date. India is still suffering and struggling through its dreadful impact. The objective of this retrospective study is to analyze the laboratory parameters and to predict the severity/mortality related to the infection. A total of 312 hospitalized COVID-19 RTPCR positive patients from 1st April - 15 May 2021 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into deceased and non-deceased groups and their demographic as well as laboratory parameters were collected and compared. Out of 312 patients, 100 succumbed to disease. Majorities were males between 55 to 60 years. The laboratory values of TLC (p&#60;0.0001), Neutrophil count (p&#60;0.0001), Lymphocyte count (p&#60;0.0001), Platelet count (p&#60;0.0001), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio(NLR) (p&#60;0.0001), plasma D-dimer(p=0.007717), serum CRP level (p=0.000174), serum Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) level (p&#60;0.0001), serum SGOT (p&#60;0.0001), serum Ferritin (p=0.000085) were statistically significant for deceased as compared to non-deceased group. Serum SGPT was statistically insignificant. The attained results showed deranged laboratory parameters among COVID-19 positive patients. The mortality rate was found to be higher in elderly males as compared to females of same age group. There was significant correlation between the markedly abnormal laboratory values and severity/mortality of the COVID-19 infection, which could help in predicting the outcome of the disease in patients admitted to the hospitals.
A study on clinical profile and risk factors in incisional hernia patients
Authors: Kumar RK Vineeth , Soni Ambuj Kumar , Sahu Sharad Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Incisional hernias of the abdominal wall are a frequently encountered complication in cases of open abdominal surgeries like midline laparotomies, caesarian sections etc. Wound infections, obesity, poor healing due to malnutrition etc., were thought to be the important causative factors in the development of incisional hernia.To study the clinical profile of incisional hernia patients with respect to various etiological factors, distribution of cases in relation to age and sex, details of previous surgical procedures undergone.52 patients admitted in Department of General Surgery were included in the study. Study was conducted during the period from August 2018 to August 2020 including all patient with incisional hernia. Pediatric cases were excluded from the study. Data of all the patients were collected from the hospital records and were compiled in a predesignated proforma which included patient details, clinical examination, investigations, and previous surgical history. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Retrospective observational study. There were 32 females (61.54%) and 20 males (38.46%) with female to male ratio was found to be 1.6:1. Majority of the patients presented with abdominal swelling (n=30, 58%) followed by both abdominal swelling and pain (n=20, 38%). Among the females now presented with incisional hernias the mean parity was 2.69. Majority of the cases developed hernias within 1 year (n=29, 55.77%) and about 26.93% of the patients developed hernia in 1 to 3 years. Most of cases of incisional hernia in our study occurred over midline (n=22, 42.3%) at the site of incisions made for midline laparotomy (n=20.38.5%) Risk factors favouring incisional hernia formation were post-operative wound infection (n=45, 84.9%) and obesity (n=21, 40.38%). Incisional hernia is more common in females who undergo emergency midline laparotomy and emergency caesarean section. Majority of the cases presented within 1 year of surgery. Post-operative wound infection, obesity and anemia were the crucial factors for the development of incisional hernias.
Platelet indices in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study
Authors: Sinha Anirban , Samaddar Aparajita , Talukdar Manas 
Published: November 2022

Diabetes is an emerging health problem across the world. Underlying prothrombotic state leads to cardiovascular complications in diabetics especially those with poor glycemic control. Though multiple mechanisms are responsible, platelet activation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of prothrobotic state. Platelet activation causes increase in their size which is represented by Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) whereas variation in their size associated with release reaction is reflected by Platelet Distribution Width (PDW). So MPV and PDW together may help to detect emergence of prothrombotic state at an earlier stage.To find out whether any significant difference exists in platelet count, MPV and PDW in controlled and uncontrolled Type 2 diabetics.It was a hospital based cross sectional study where total 277 patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included following predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and categorized into controlled (193 subjects) and uncontrolled (84 subjects) groups with HbA1c level ≤ 7% and &#62;7% respectively. Blood from all the participants were analyzed for MPV, PDW and platelet count. Unpaired t-test was done to compare the platelet count and platelet indices among two groups.MPV and PDW were found to be significantly higher (p &#60;0.0001) among uncontrolled group compared to controlled group with Mean MPV 13.47±0.56 fl vs 10.25±1.32 fl and Mean PDW 23.37±2.47% vs 15.57±2.69% respectively. But there was no significant difference in platelet count among two groups. The higher value of MPV and PDW in uncontrolled diabetics indicates that they can be utilized as an inexpensive yet useful method for early detection of thrombotic complication in these patients.
Adverse events following the administration of diphtheria antitoxin (Equine Source): An observational study in an Indian tertiary care centre
Authors: Reddy T Sunitha , Kumar M Ashok , Shankar K 
Published: November 2022

To assess the clinical safety of diphtheria antitoxin in patients with probable and confirmed diphtheria infection. This was a single-center, observational study which included patients with probable and/or confirmed diphtheria infection. The skin sensitivity test for diphtheria antitoxin was performed in all the patients. The patients who were insensitive/ had ‘no reaction’ to the skin sensitivity test, medically optimal dose of the DAT (10000 IU/10 mL) was administered intravenously. A total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study, and 200 considered for safety assessments (females, n=104). All patients reported negative skin-sensitivity test. A total of 14 adverse events were reported in six patients (two patients reported three events each while remaining four patients reported two events each) either immediately (75%) or within 5-6 hours (12.5%) of administration of diphtheria antitoxin and therefore, these were considered related to the administration of the drug. These 14 adverse events were non-severe and the patients recovered without sequelae. No further adverse events were observed during the rest of the hospitalization period (4-5 days), after discharge from hospital and during follow-up until 15 days after administration of diphtheria antitoxin. There were no deaths and life-threatening serious adverse events observed. The observations from the present study suggest that diphtheria antitoxin has a favorable safety profile and it can be essentially used in children as well as adults without any harm.
A study on prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in advanced breast cancer patients at a tertiary cancer hospital in South India
Authors: Chidurala Shirish Chakra , Paniharam Ramakanth 
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women globally as well in India. Breast cancer patients may suffer from psychological morbidity. Psychological problems like depression, anxiety, may affect the quality of life of breast cancer patients. To study the psychiatric morbidity in diagnosed advanced breast cancer patients.A cross sectional study was done in the department of Psychiatry, over a period of one and half years from January 2014 to June 2015 at Osmania Medical College Allied Hospitals (M.N.J Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre and Osmania General Hospital), Hyderabad, Telangana. Breast cancer patient cases and controls were studied by the General health questionnaire -28 (GHQ-28)Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview- plus (mini- plus).This difference in the proportion of psychiatric disorders was statistically significant.By using MINI plus, 26.7% of breast cancer patients reported psychiatric illness and this percentage was 10% in controls. This difference was not statistically significant at p value of 0.05 (Chi square value 2.78, p value 0.18). The most common psychiatric morbidities were Dysthymia, and MDD seen in 3 (10%) women each.Adjustment disorder unspecified was found in 2 (6.7%) women. There are statistically significant differences between cases and controls and these differences are circumscribed to domains of recall and language and orientation. The mean total score obtained by cases is 28.60 with a standard deviation of 1.354 and that obtained by the control group is 29.70 with a standard deviation of 0.535. The difference between the two groups is highly significant (p&#60;0.001).The study brings out the need for identifying psychiatric problems at proper time, referral of breast cancer patients to Psychiatrists and points out the need for establishing psychiatric units in Cancer Institutes.
Fetuin A levels and its correlation with lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Sharma Dharmveer , Jain Vivek Kumar , Pandit Vidyanand 
Published: November 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a chronic metabolic disorder. Due to its complex pathophysiology, several biomarkers have been studied for identifying its complications. Fetuin A has been proposed to be linked with insulin resistance and its comorbidities and may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease condition. Therefore, the present study is aimed to evaluate the Fetuin A levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its correlation with blood sugar, renal profile and lipid profile. This prospective study was conducted in SRVS Government Medical College, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India. In this study, 90 T2DM patients as cases and 90 healthy subjects as controls were recruited. Demographic details, physical and clinical examination were done. Patients with cardiovascular diseases, thyroid diseases, liver disease, pregnant women were excluded from the study. Under aseptic conditions, 5 ml of fasting venous blood samples were collected, centrifuged to obtain serum sample. The obtained serum sample was used for the estimation of fasting glucose, post-prandial glucose, renal profile (serum urea, creatinine and uric acid), lipid profile (serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLC, LDLC and VLDL) using commercially available autoanalyzer kits. Serum Fetuin A levels were estimated by using ELISA method. Whole blood sample was used for the estimation of HbA1c. The results were represented as Mean±SD. and percentage. Spearman’s correlation was applied. The p value &#60;0.05 considered statistically significant. In this study, in T2DM cases, males were 51 and females were 39 and in controls, males were 50 and females were 40. In the current study, age (63.8±5.7 years), BMI (26.2±1.6 kg/m) SBP (130.8±13.2 mmHg), DBP (90.6±12.7 mmHg), FBS (158.7±14.5 mg/dl), PPBS (228.5±31.8 mg/dl), HbA1c (7.8±0.7 %), Urea (32.1±9.4 mg/dl), Creatinine (1.0±0.1 mg/dl), Uric acid (6.2±2.8 mg/dl), total cholesterol (228.4±33.0 mg/dl), triglycerides (160.0±15.2 mg/dl), LDLC (165.6±33.6 mg/dl), VLDL (32.0±3.0 mg/dl) and Fetuin A (363.9±126.2 micg/ml) levels were significantly increased and HDLC (30.7±3.9 mg/dl) levels were reduced in T2DM cases than the healthy controls. Fetuin A level were significantly positively correlated with FBS (r=0.686), PPBS (r=0.656), HbA1c (r=0.694), Urea (r=0.342), Creatinine (r=0.564), Uric Acid (r=0.588), Total Cholesterol (r=0.700), Triglycerides (r=0.405), LDLC (r=0.728), and VLDL (r=0.528) and negatively correlated with HDLC (-0.681).Elevated fetuin A and atherogenic lipid profile may be a risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
Evaluation of effects of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Das Subrata , Gupta Amrita , Mahata Ritu 
Published: November 2022

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), is one of the most frequently encountered problem in the gynaecology OPD. It can significantly affect women’s quality of life and overburden health-care systems. The Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) is a highly effective long-acting reversal contraceptive, also useful for controlling HMB and promoted by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). This prospective interventional study conducted upon 30 women, with heavy menstrual bleeding, of 30-50 years’ age, reporting in the outpatient department of a tertiary health care facility unit “between” January 2018 to June 2019. Women, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were our study population. Data was collected during follow up at 1, 3 and 6 month and all the association were tested by mean, proportion and percentages. Chi-square test was used for comparing categorical result and p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Calculation was made by using IBM SPSS 26 version of statistical software. Majority of women were from 40-45 years’ age group. Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) score was calculated in 30 women who underwent LNG IUS insertion.There was significant reduction (p&#60;0.05) in the mean PBAC score at 3and 6month compared to their initial value after LNG-IUS insertion. LNG IUS is effective and can be used as first line measure for treatment of HMB.
Study of micronuclei as a potent biomarker in breast cytology aspirates
Authors: Sangeetha N , Saranyabai S , Pradeep Priyanka , Nidhya E , Venkataraman Balaji 
Published: November 2022

: Micronuclei scoring can be used as a bio-marker of genotoxic and chromosomal damage. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is applied as the primary tool for diagnosis in breast masses because of its ease and rapidity. Micronucleus (MN) scoring is carried out in benign (fibroadenoma) and malignant (infiltrating ductal carcinoma) breast lesions to evaluate the role of Micronuclei as a biomarker in breast carcinomas.: To study Micronuclei (MN) scores as a biomarker on breast cytology aspirated smears. This was a prospective study done for duration of two years in the Department of Pathology, A.C.S Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. The features of micronuclei in 60 breast aspirate smears were studied and compared in benign conditions, proliferative and malignant conditions.The most common diagnosis was of fibroadenoma seen in 38 (63.3%) cases. Adenosis was seen in 10 (16.6%) cases. Usual ductal hyperplasia in 6.6% cases and Invasive ductal carcinomas in 6 (10%) cases. The Average Micronucleus score/1000 cells and the range of micronucleus score was higher in malignancy as compared to benign conditions. : Micronuclei can be used as a biomarker on fine needle aspiration cytology smears of breast lesions. An increase in micronuclei is usually seen in malignant conditions as compared to benign tumours. Attention to features of micronuclei can give a clue to the presence of malignancy.
The study of variation of range of motion of knee joint with body mass index in normal, overweight and obese young adults
Authors: Rohatgi Rachna , Bhatnagar Aditi , Gupta Nirupma , Jain Manjari 
Published: November 2022

The incidence of overweight and obesity is increasing at a very rapid rate the world over. The increased body mass has a detrimental effect on the kinesiology of human body which hampers the individual’s day to day activities by affecting the movements of various joints. The present study was undertaken with the aim of correlating the motion at knee joints of both sides with the body mass index of the individual. A total of 235 subjects (108 males and 127 females) were enrolled for the cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy of Sharda University, Greater Noida. : Analysis by one way ANOVA showed a progressive decrease in the magnitude of knee joint range of motion with a gradual increase in body mass index in three groups of subjects from normal to obese. The results obtained from study supports the importance of weight loss in improving the postural balance and activities of daily living in the overweight and obese individuals.
Histopathological evaluation of uterine lesions in women with AUB in Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Jain Rashmi , Ramchandani Lekha , Jatav Jagannath , Jain Ankit 
Published: November 2022

: Females over 20 years of age come frequently to gynecological clinics, with the complaint of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). It has a direct impact on the physical and mental health of females. This research aims to detect the frequency of different uterine causes of AUB and determine the relationship between histopathological lesions associated with AUB and their age groups of presentation.: Endometrial biopsies / hysterectomy specimens were collected from 235 patients who presented with AUB to Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology SSMC, Rewa, M. P. (India), and HPE was carried out on all biopsies/specimens. Frequency of all findings was recorded and divided into organic and functional causes. Statistical analysis was done between histopathological lesions associated with AUB and their age groups of presentation.: Majority of cases (40%) belonged to 41-50 years of age. HPE revealed prolife rative pattern of endometrium, which was the most common presentation (24.68%) amongst functional causes, while the most common organic cause was uterine leiomyoma (12.76%). Cases of endometrial polyp and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia were found frequently in women of 41-50 years of age. The frequency of endometrial carcinoma was 1.27%, which commonly affected elderly females. : We conclude that AUB most commonly affects women in the perimenopausal age group. Histopathological study of uterine lesions aids the early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions and thus saves the patient from having an unnecessary hysterectomy in premalignant lesions.