bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eccentricity effect on horizontal capillary emptying
Authors: Tan Dongwen , Zhou Xinping , Zhang Gang , Zhu Chengwei , Fu Chenyu 
Published: July 2022

This paper theoretically studies the effect of eccentricity on the conditions of capillary emptying (determined by critical Bond number) in a horizontal annular tube in a downward gravity field. Experiments are conducted to compare with theoretical results. We find that non-horizontal eccentricity can lead to the occurrence of a re-entrant liquid-state transition (from liquid non-occlusion to liquid plug to liquid non-occlusion) with increasing Bond number, when the eccentricity (e) or inner-to-outer radius ratio (χ) is large enough, and the two liquid non-occlusion states correspond to different emptying mechanisms dominated by the gravity effect and the ‘wedge’ effect, respectively. Existence of the re-entrant transition is accompanied by occurrence of unconditional liquid non-occlusion at large enough or small enough contact angles regardless of Bond numbers. The critical Bond numbers at a contact angle γ for vertical upward eccentricity are equal to those at a contact angle 180° − γ for vertical downward eccentricity. In a parameter space (γ, e/(1 − χ)), the region with the re-entrant transition becomes larger with the eccentric angle varying from 0° (horizontal) to 90° (vertical). Optimization of geometrical parameters and inner and outer contact angles can lead to better effect of capillary emptying. This paper provides a very effective scheme for removing a liquid blockage from a capillary in optofluidics/microfluidics.
Navigating the Intersection of PrEP and Medicaid
Authors: Seiler Naomi , Heyison Claire , Dwyer Gregory , Karacuschansky Aaron , Organick-Lee Paige , Osei Alexis , Stoll Helen , Horton Katie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe proposed national PrEP program would serve people who are uninsured as well as those enrolled in Medicaid. In this article, the authors propose a set of recommendations for the proposed program’s implementers as well as state Medicaid agencies and Medicaid managed care organizations to ensure PrEP access for people enrolled in Medicaid, addressing gaps without undermining the important role of the Medicaid program in covering and promoting PrEP.
Resolving the phylogenetic relationship betweenParmotrema crinitumandParmotrema perlatumpopulations
Authors: Stelate Ayoub , Del-Prado Ruth , Alors David , Tahiri Hikmat , Divakar Pradeep K. , Crespo Ana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe widespread speciesParmotrema crinitum(Ach.) M. Choisy andParmotrema perlatum(Huds.) M. Choisy are mainly distinguished by their reproductive strategies. WhileP. crinitumpropagates by isidia,P. perlatumproduces soredia. In this study, we aim to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship between both species and to critically examine their species boundaries. To this purpose, 46 samples belonging toP. crinitumandP. perlatumwere used in our analysis, including 22 for which we studied the morphology and chemistry, before extracting their DNA. We used 35 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) ofParmotrema perlatumfrom Europe and Africa (20 of which were newly generated), and 11 ofParmotrema crinitumfrom Europe, North America and North Africa (two newly generated). Additionally, 28 sequences of several species fromParmotremawere included in the ITS dataset. The ITS data matrix was analyzed using different approaches, such as traditional phylogeny (maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses), genetic distances, automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD) and the coalescent-based method poisson tree processes (PTP), in order to test congruence among results. Our results indicate that all samples referred toP. crinitumandP. perlatumnested in a well-supported monophyletic clade, but phylogenetic relationships among them remain unresolved. Delimitations inferred from PTP, ABGD and genetic distance analyses were comparable and suggested thatP. crinitumandP. perlatumbelong to the same lineage. Interestingly, two samples ofP. perlatumseparate in a different monophyletic clade, which is supported as a different lineage by all the analyses.
Sex differences in conduct and emotional outcomes for young people with hyperactive/inattentive traits and social communication difficulties between 9 and 16 years of age: a growth curve analysis
Authors: Hollingdale Jack , Woodhouse Emma , Young Susan , Gudjonsson Gisli , Charman Tony , Mandy Will 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to identify the trajectory of conduct and emotional problems for young people within the general population at four time points (between 9 years 7 months and 16 years 6 months), investigate their relationship with hyperactive/inattentive traits and explore the moderating effect of autistic social traits (ASTs).MethodsData from 9305 individuals involved in The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study were included. Conduct and emotional problems and hyperactive/inattentive traits were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. ASTs were assessed using the Social Communication Disorder Checklist. Individual trajectories for conduct and emotional problems were identified via growth curve modelling. Hyperactive/inattentive traits were included within the growth curve model as a time-varying covariate to determine their effect on these outcomes. Finally, participants were split into two groups (below and above clinical threshold ASTs Groups) and multi-group invariance testing was conducted on the data to identify the moderating effect of ASTs on the relationship between hyperactive/inattentive traits and outcomes (i.e. conduct and emotional problems).ResultsHyperactive/inattentive traits were associated with higher rates of conduct and emotional problems for both boys and girls. The presence of ASTs moderated these relationships for boys, but not for girls, by increasing the risk of boys with hyperactive/inattentive traits developing greater conduct and emotional problems.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of identifying hyperactive/inattentive traits and ASTs in young people and addressing the increased risk of conduct and emotional problems. Research and clinical implications are explored.
Acute neural effects of fluoxetine on emotional regulation in depressed adolescents
Authors: Capitão Liliana P. , Chapman Robert , Filippini Nicola , Wright Lucy , Murphy Susannah E. , James Anthony , Cowen Philip J. , Harmer Catherine J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disrupted processing of emotional stimuli and difficulties in cognitive reappraisal. Little is known however about how current pharmacotherapies act to modulate the neural mechanisms underlying these key processes. The current study therefore investigated the neural effects of fluoxetine on emotional reactivity and cognitive reappraisal in adolescent depression.MethodsThirty-one adolescents with MDD were randomised to acute fluoxetine (10 mg) or placebo. Seventeen healthy adolescents were also recruited but did not receive any treatment for ethical reasons. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants viewed aversive images and were asked to either experience naturally the emotional state elicited (‘Maintain’) or to reinterpret the content of the pictures to reduce negative affect (‘Reappraise’). Significant activations were identified using whole-brain analysis.ResultsNo significant group differences were seen when comparing Reappraise and Maintain conditions. However, when compared to healthy controls, depressed adolescents on placebo showed reduced visual activation to aversive pictures irrespective of the condition. The depressed adolescent group on fluoxetine showed the opposite pattern, i.e. increased visuo-cerebellar activity in response to aversive pictures, when compared to depressed adolescents on placebo.ConclusionsThese data suggest that depression in adolescence may be associated with reduced visual processing of aversive imagery and that fluoxetine may act to reduce avoidance of such cues. This could reflect a key mechanism whereby depressed adolescents engage with negative cues previously avoided. Future research combining fMRI with eye-tracking is nonetheless needed to further clarify these effects.
Risk of acquiring Ascaris lumbricoides infection in an endemically infected rural community in Venezuela
Authors: Incani Renzo Nino , Mughini-Gras Lapo , Homan Tobias , Sequera Ivan , Sequera Luis , Serrano Ruth , Sequera Carlos , Salas Luis , Salazar Marisabel , Santos Paola 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, are the most prevalent parasites globally. Optimal anthelmintic treatment for A. lumbricoides in endemically infected communities is challenged by several host-related and environmental factors influencing infection acquisition. We assessed the risk of A. lumbricoides (re)infection after treatment in a Venezuelan rural community. Individual merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde-fixed faecal samples were collected from 224 persons before a single-dose pyrantel treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 months after treatment. Effects of age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) on A. lumbricoides prevalence, eggs/gram faeces (EPG) and infection (re)acquisition were assessed using both generalised linear mixed-effects models and survival analysis. Pre-treatment A. lumbricoides prevalence was 39.7%. Higher prevalence was associated with younger age and lower SES. Higher EPG values were observed among young children. Median time to A. lumbricoides infection was six months after treatment: at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 months post-treatment, cumulative incidence was 6.7%, 18.9%, 34.6%, 42.2%, and 52.6%, respectively. Younger age, lower SES, and pre-treatment A. lumbricoides infection status showed significantly elevated hazard ratios. Mass drug administration protocols would benefit from considering these factors in selective treatment strategies and possibly more than just annual or biannual treatments in the target population.
A Journey to Arzrum during the 1829 Campaign by A. S. Pushkin: Translation with Commentary
Authors: Davis Derek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 1829 Pushkin visited his brother and friends in the Caucasus Corps, going on to participate in the capture of Erzurum. This marked a decisive shift in the international balance of power. Victory over Persia in 1827 and Turkey in 1829 transformed Russia into the dominant force in the Middle East for a generation until the Crimean War. Spectacular success was an almost accidental by-product of the 1825 Decembrist Revolt. Many serving Decembrists had been reduced to the ranks and exiled south. A transient, fractious combination of prudent commander and free spirits rose to rare quality of achievement. Pushkin's A Journey to Arzrum (Erzurum) celebrates his friends’ part in delivering for Russia and salutes the Russia they stood for. The literary challenge was steep. Its text had to pass muster with an infuriated Tsar Nicholas, his “personal censor”. Pushkin's skilfully drafted and structured narrative met the test, contriving at the same time to accommodate a pervasive running commentary and political messages about reconciliation, combining the best of Russia's talents and a better future. Typically innovative and beautifully written, the travelogue conducts the reader on a lively tour of the Caucasus with a rich store of incident and issues along the way.
Clean fleets, different streets: evaluating the effect of New York City’s clean bus program on changes to estimated ambient air pollution
Authors: Lovasi Gina S. , Treat Christian A. , Fry Dustin , Shah Isha , Clougherty Jane E. , Berberian Alique , Perera Frederica P. , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Motor vehicles, including public transit buses, are a major source of air pollution in New York City (NYC) and worldwide. To address this problem, governments and transit agencies have implemented policies to introduce cleaner vehicles into transit fleets. Beginning in 2000, the Metropolitan Transit Agency began deploying compressed natural gas, hybrid electric, and low-sulfur diesel buses to reduce urban air pollution.

Objective
We hypothesized that bus fleet changes incorporating cleaner vehicles would have detectable effects on air pollution concentrations between 2009 and 2014, as measured by the New York City Community Air Survey (NYCCAS).

Methods
Depot- and route-specific information allowed identification of areas with larger or smaller changes in the proportion of distance traveled by clean buses. Data were assembled for 9670 300 m × 300 m grid cell areas with annual concentration estimates for nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC) from NYCCAS. Spatial error models adjusted for truck route presence and total traffic volume.

Results
While concentrations of all three pollutants declined between 2009 and 2014 even in the 39.7% of cells without bus service, the decline in concentrations of NO and NO2 was greater in areas with more bus service and with higher proportional shifts toward clean buses. Conversely, the decline in BC concentration was slower in areas with more bus service and higher proportional clean bus shifts.

Significance
These results provide evidence that the NYC clean bus program impacted concentrations of air pollution, particularly in reductions of NO2. Further work can investigate the potential impact of these changes on health outcomes in NYC residents.

Impact Statement
Urban air pollution from diesel-burning buses is an important health exposure. The New York Metropolitan Transit Agency has worked to deploy cleaner buses into their fleet, but the impact of this policy has not been evaluated. Successful reductions in air pollution are critical for public health.
Cardiomyocytes induced from hiPSCs by well-defined compounds have therapeutic potential in heart failure by secreting PDGF-BB
Authors: Li Hongmei , Wu Fenfang , Huang Guangrui , Wu Di , Wang Ting , Wang Xiashuang , Wang Kai , Feng Yuyin , Xu Anlong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that transplant of hiPS-CMs is a promising approach for treating heart failure. However, the optimally clinical benefits have been hampered by the immature nature of the hiPS-CMs, and the hiPS-CMs-secreted proteins contributing to the repair of cardiomyocytes remain largely unidentified. Here, we established a saponin+ compound optimally induced system to generate hiPS-CMs with stable functional attributes in vitro and transplanted in heart failure mice. Our study showed enhanced therapeutic effects of optimally induced hiPS-CMs by attenuating cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, these beneficial effects were concomitant with reduced cardiomyocytes death and increased angiogenesis. Moreover, the optimally induced hiPS-CMs could gathering to the injured heart and secret an abundant PDGF-BB. The reparative effect of the optimally induced hiPS-CMs in the hypoxia-injured HCMs was mimicked by PDGF-BB but inhibited by PDGF-BB neutralizing antibody, which was accompanied by the changed expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins. It is highly possible that the PI3K/Akt pathway is regulated by the PDGF-BB secreted from the compound induced hiPS-CMs to achieve a longer lasting myocardial repair effect compared with the standard induced hiPS-CMs. Taken together, our data strongly implicate that the compound induced hiPS-CMs promote the recovery of injured hearts via paracrine action. In this process, the paracrine factor PDGF-BB derived from the compound induced hiPS-CMs reduces isoproterenol-induced adverse cardiac remodeling, which is associated with improved cardiac function, and these effects are mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that the optimally induced hiPS-CMs may serve as a new promising cell therapy for clinical applications.
Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment
Authors: Zhang Zengfu , Liu Xu , Chen Dawei , Yu Jinming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view of RT as a simple local treatment has dramatically changed in recent years, and it is now widely accepted that RT can provoke a systemic immune response which gives a strong rationale for the combination of RT and immunotherapy (iRT). Nevertheless, several points remain to be addressed such as the interaction of RT and immune system, the identification of the best schedules for combination with immunotherapy (IO), the expansion of abscopal effect and the mechanism to amplify iRT. To answer these crucial questions, we roundly summarize underlying rationale showing the whole immune landscape in RT and clinical trials to attempt to identify the best schedules of iRT. In consideration of the rarity of abscopal effect, we propose that the occurrence of abscopal effect induced by radiation can be promoted to 100% in view of molecular and genetic level. Furthermore, the “radscopal effect” which refers to using low-dose radiation to reprogram the tumor microenvironment may amplify the occurrence of abscopal effect and overcome the resistance of iRT. Taken together, RT could be regarded as a trigger of systemic antitumor immune response, and with the help of IO can be used as a radical and systemic treatment and be added into current standard regimen of patients with metastatic cancer.
LncRNA ANRIL mediates endothelial dysfunction through BDNF downregulation in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Su Hong , Liu Bing , Chen Huimin , Zhang Tingwei , Huang Tongtong , Liu Yue , Wang Cheng , Ma Qiqi , Wang Qianhui , Lv Zhimei , Wang Rong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we found that the circulating ANRIL level was increased and correlated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with CKD, also negatively correlated with plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration. We constructed the ANRIL knockout mice model, and found that ANRIL deficiency reversed the abnormal expression of BDNF, along with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and Von Willebrand factor (vWF). Meanwhile, mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins, Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitofusins (Mfn2) level were also recovered. In addition, in vitro, serum derived from CKD patients and uremia toxins induced abnormal expression of ANRIL. By making use of the gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we observed that ANRIL mediated endothelial dysfunction through BDNF downregulation. To explore the specific mechanism, RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to explore the binding of ANRIL to histone methyltransferase Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Further experiments found increased EZH2 and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) levels at the BDNF promoter region. Collectively, we demonstrated that ANRIL mediate BDNF transcriptional suppression through recruitment of EZH2 to the BDNF promoter region, then regulated the proteins expression related to endothelial function and mitochondrial dynamics. This study provides new insights for the study of endothelial dysfunction in CKD.
Cohesin couples transcriptional bursting probabilities of inducible enhancers and promoters
Authors: Robles-Rebollo Irene , Cuartero Sergi , Canellas-Socias Adria , Wells Sarah , Karimi Mohammad M. , Mereu Elisabetta , Chivu Alexandra G. , Heyn Holger , Whilding Chad , Dormann Dirk , Marguerat Samuel , Rioja Inmaculada , Prinjha Rab K. , Stumpf Michael P. H. , Fisher Amanda G. , Merkenschlager Matthias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInnate immune responses rely on inducible gene expression programmes which, in contrast to steady-state transcription, are highly dependent on cohesin. Here we address transcriptional parameters underlying this cohesin-dependence by single-molecule RNA-FISH and single-cell RNA-sequencing. We show that inducible innate immune genes are regulated predominantly by an increase in the probability of active transcription, and that probabilities of enhancer and promoter transcription are coordinated. Cohesin has no major impact on the fraction of transcribed inducible enhancers, or the number of mature mRNAs produced per transcribing cell. Cohesin is, however, required for coupling the probabilities of enhancer and promoter transcription. Enhancer-promoter coupling may not be explained by spatial proximity alone, and at the model locus Il12b can be disrupted by selective inhibition of the cohesinopathy-associated BET bromodomain BD2. Our data identify discrete steps in enhancer-mediated inducible gene expression that differ in cohesin-dependence, and suggest that cohesin and BD2 may act on shared pathways.
DNA methylation-based epigenetic signatures predict somatic genomic alterations in gliomas
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Qianghu , Zhang Ze-Yan , Long Lihong , Ezhilarasan Ravesanker , Karp Jerome M. , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Snuderl Matija , Wiestler Benedikt , Wick Wolfgang , Miao Yinsen , Huse Jason T. , Sulman Erik P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMolecular classification has improved diagnosis and treatment for patients with malignant gliomas. However, classification has relied on individual assays that are both costly and slow, leading to frequent delays in treatment. Here, we propose the use of DNA methylation, as an emerging clinical diagnostic platform, to classify gliomas based on major genomic alterations and provide insight into subtype characteristics. We show that using machine learning models, DNA methylation signatures can accurately predict somatic alterations and show improvement over existing classifiers. The established Unified Diagnostic Pipeline (UniD) we develop is rapid and cost-effective for genomic alterations and gene expression subtypes diagnostic at early clinical phase and improves over individual assays currently in clinical use. The significant relationship between genetic alteration and epigenetic signature indicates broad applicability of our approach to other malignancies.
A multimodal iPSC platform for cystic fibrosis drug testing
Authors: Berical Andrew , Lee Rhianna E. , Lu Junjie , Beermann Mary Lou , Le Suer Jake A. , Mithal Aditya , Thomas Dylan , Ranallo Nicole , Peasley Megan , Stuffer Alex , Bukis Katherine , Seymour Rebecca , Harrington Jan , Coote Kevin , Valley Hillary , Hurley Killian , McNally Paul , Mostoslavsky Gustavo , Mahoney John , Randell Scott H. , Hawkins Finn J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis is a monogenic lung disease caused by dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator anion channel, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The progress in elucidating the role of CFTR using established animal and cell-based models led to the recent discovery of effective modulators for most individuals with CF. However, a subset of individuals with CF do not respond to these modulators and there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we generate a panel of airway epithelial cells using induced pluripotent stem cells from individuals with common or rare CFTR variants representative of three distinct classes of CFTR dysfunction. To measure CFTR function we adapt two established in vitro assays for use in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway cells. In both a 3-D spheroid assay using forskolin-induced swelling as well as planar cultures composed of polarized mucociliary airway epithelial cells, we detect genotype-specific differences in CFTR baseline function and response to CFTR modulators. These results demonstrate the potential of the human induced pluripotent stem cell platform as a research tool to study CF and in particular accelerate therapeutic development for CF caused by rare variants.