bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal status of judges of the supreme Administrative tribunal of the Republic of Poland 1922-1939 y.
Authors: Yurevich Yu. 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the historical-legal aspects of the requirements for candidates, appointment, job rights and responsibilities of judges of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal of the Republic of Poland 1922-1939, guarantees of their independence, dismissal and disciplinary liability. Socio-political reasons and preconditions for the formation and change of the regulatory framework for the legal status of judges of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal are highlighted. Its staff consisted of the first head, chairmen and judges.
Only persons with legal education could become the first head, chairmen and judges of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal. Also, at least half of the judges had to have judicial qualifications. The specific number of chairmen and judges was not defined by the law of 1922, so it changed as needed. In justification of the government’s draft law on the Supreme Administrative Tribunal, a proposal was made that the number of its judges should not exceed 30. In 1927, this number was slightly exceeded - 33 judges of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal worked.
The problems of personnel selection for the first composition of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal of the Republic of Poland and measures to solve them are described. The legal status of disciplinary courts in relation to judges of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal is highlighted. Judges of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal exercised their powers indefinitely, but could be transferred to another position or dismissed by the state leadership.
The influence of the presidential order «Law on the structure of general courts» of 1928 on the legal status of judges of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal has been clarified. The increase in the requirements for holding the position of a judge of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal on the basis of a presidential order of 1932 was analyzed. At the same time, this act reduced the required number of members of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal with judicial qualifications to at least one third.
Internal audit as a subsystem of the state system
Authors: Оbolentsev V. 
Published: August 2022

Systemicity as a basic prerequisite for the proper functioning of the state should be manifested in the activities of all its structural components. The purpose of the article: improving the systemic activities of the state of Ukraine. The task of the article is to formulate the principles of systematic activities of internal audit entities.
The purpose of internal audit as an artificial system can be defined as ensuring the effective functioning of the internal control system (compliance with the principles of legality and effective use of budget funds and other assets, achieving results in accordance with the goal, tasks, plans and requirements).
The purpose of internal audit can be considered to diagnose the functioning of the entities in which this information and analytical tool is used.
The purpose of the internal audit system is to process information about the activities of entities.
Main (basic) functions of internal audit: study of the asset control system; checking the compliance of the current control with the company’s policy; risk analysis and bankruptcy prevention; use of know-how to increase profits and efficiency of new technology; making other decisions that promote the development of the company. Additional (service) functions of internal audit: providing independent conclusions and recommendations, as provided by Article 26 of the Budget Code of Ukraine.
The basic element of the VA system are structural units internal audit of entities in the provided cases.
Adaptive activity of internal audit is manifested in cooperation with other structural units of state bodies, their territorial bodies and budgetary institutions (including their heads), state bodies, enterprises, their associations, institutions for the organization and implementation of internal audit.
Adaptive activity of internal audit is manifested in the following options of the Units: 1) submission to the head of the state body, its territorial body and budgetary institution of audit reports and recommendations for management decisions; 2) reporting on performance in accordance with internal audit standards.
Internal relations ensure the relationship of coordination and subordination of the above structural elements of internal audit - Units, ensuring their integrity.
External links of internal audit are manifested in the relationship of its structural elements with other business entities (reporting, information exchange, etc.).
Cross-border cooperation: theoretical and methodological aspect
Authors: Derbak V. 
Published: August 2022

It is indicated that methodology is an integral phenomenon that combines a number of components: worldview and fundamental general theoretical concepts, general philosophical laws and categories, general and specific methods. The methodology is not at all a simple summation of theoretical worldview concepts, principles, methods and means of knowledge developed in the theory and practice of state building. The methodology of legal science is, first of all, a system that is not reduced to its constituent components, but has its own integrative patterns of development. All these components are organically connected, interpenetrate and enrich each other.
Based on the analysis, the author believes that, despite the significant number of studies in the field of cross-border cooperation, based on the content of the main works of scientists, we can say that, at the same time, it is extremely difficult to find monographic studies of the institute of cross-border cooperation precisely from the point of view its methodological foundations (as a rule, the normative and legal foundations of cross-border cooperation as a direction of European integration processes in Ukraine, as well as an important factor in increasing regional competitiveness, mechanisms for the development of foreign economic relations in the border regions of Ukraine in the context of the implementation of its European integration aspirations, evaluation problems are studied the effectiveness of these connections and many other issues related to the researched topic). That is why we believe that for a full-scale disclosure of the content of the institution of cross-border cooperation from the point of view of the actual methodology, it may be worth proposing the latest studies that will be devoted to the conceptual and methodological foundations of the field of cross-border cooperation of the regions, based on the results of which it is advisable to make a separate consolidated collection and offer it as an auxiliary methodological material needed, first of all, by the bodies of state power and local self-government in the border regions of our country. At the same time, legal scientific works of theoreticians in the field of legal science methodology should be taken as a basis, and already in the future, they should be imposed on the institute of cross-border cooperation.
Legal prerequisites for consideration and settlement of disputes in international commercial arbitration
Authors: Kravchuk S. 
Published: August 2022

The article examines the problematic issues of the grounds for litigation in international commercial arbitration. The urgency of this topic is due to the need for a lack of clear definition of the prerequisites for resolving disputes, as well as the procedure for their use in the practice of international commercial arbitration. In addition, the problematic aspects of dispute resolution in international commercial arbitration are analyzed and procedural measures for their resolution are identified.
To achieve this goal, the material preconditions for dispute resolution in the ICA were studied and the procedure for resolving disputes was determined. The preconditions for transferring a dispute to international commercial arbitration, which are the advantages of arbitration compared to state courts, are, first of all, that it provides a more acceptable, accessible and simpler procedure for resolving disputes compared to state courts. In other words, it is a procedure established by the parties to the dispute, which in general can be adequate and adapted to make agreed decisions. Even when the parties turn to a permanent commercial arbitration, which has its own rules of procedure, they can provide for arbitration. The UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules of 2010 stipulate that when the parties decide to submit disputes to arbitration in accordance with these Rules, they shall be considered in accordance with these Rules.
The study identified a number of major risks and difficulties faced by the party in applying to a state court: ignorance of the procedure required for a foreign state court; the obligation to conduct the proceedings in the language of the court’s location; the existence of several instances and the procedural formalism that occurs when applying to the general courts; judges do not always have the appropriate competence to deal with disputes arising from foreign trade; gathering evidence and evaluating it on the basis of the national legal system.
The study concluded that the benefits of international commercial arbitration, in the presence of prerequisites for litigation, give much better benefits for litigation, which forms its authority among the relevant categories of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.
Retinopatia diabética e retinopatia hipertensiva: uma revisão comparativa
Authors: Marinho Manuela de Oliveira , Fraga Anna Luiza Guimarães , Santos Mila Schiavini Beiriz , Trambaioli Vanessa Silva , Santos Karina Sousa dos , Venito Lucas da Silva , Siqueira Emílio Conceição de 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Comparar as características da Retinopatia Diabética (RD) e da Retinopatia Hipertensiva (HTR). Revisão bibliográfica: As retinopatias como a RD e HTR são uma das maiores causas de perda visual na população em idade ativa, além de serem preditores de Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV). A RD divide-se em retinopatia diabética não proliferativa, nos estágios iniciais e em retinopatia diabética proliferativa, quando a doença já está em estágio avançado. As características na fundoscopia se caracterizam com microaneurismas, exsudatos duros, hemorragia, edema e neovasos. A HRT é classificada em graus pela sua gravidade. Inicialmente há um aumento dos vasoespasmos retinianos pela pressão arterial elevada, evoluindo para resistência vascular, má perfusão, necrose e, com a persistência do descontrole pressórico surgem os neovasos. A terapêutica de ambas as patologias perpassa pelo controle da Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS). Considerações finais: As retinopatias resultam dos maus hábitos de vida da população. A RD decorre da hiperglicemia enquanto a HTR do aumento crônico da pressão arterial. A fundoscopia é essencial no acompanhamento dos pacientes com HAS e DM e o surgimento de anormalidades na retina indica risco DCV e perda da acuidade visual.
The Formulation of Aloe Vera (Aloe chinensis Baker) and Calyx of Roselle Flower Petals (Hibiscus sabadariffa L.) For Making Fruit Leather
Authors: Fresua Estha , Maherawati Maherawati , Hartanti Lucky 
Published: August 2022

Fruit leather is a diversification of jam products. The main ingredient of fruit leather is potential agricultural product. West Kalimantan is the largest supplier of aloe vera in Indonesian while rosella calyx contains pectin and acids as important factors in the making of fruit leather. The aim of this research is to find a formulation of fruit leather by aloe vera and roselle calyx which produce the best chemical and sensory characteristics. The research design uses a randomized block design one factor (formulation of aloe vera and rosella calyx) by five levels of treatment (80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60) and was repeat 5 times. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (α = 5%) and if followed by BNJ test (α = 5%). The results showed that the best formulation based on effectiveness index was aloe vera: roselle calyx (60:40) with a characteristic water content 35.46%; crude fiber content 0.71%; vitamin C content 75.68 mg / 100 g; pH 3.15; calcium content 28,2712 mg / 100 g; 16,16% sucrose. The sensory level produces a hedonic texture scale of 4.6 (likes), colors 4.7 (likes) and taste 4.43 (likes).
Edukasi Manfaat Penggunaan Masker Bagi Anak-Anak Sekolah Dasar Untuk Pencegahan Covid 19
Authors: Nurita Tutut , An Nuril Maulida Fauziah  , Erman  , Enny Susiyawati  , Laily Rosdiana  
Published: August 2022

Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan sekolah dasar di Gresik diketahui bahwa pemahaman tentang Covid 19 masih rendah, khususnya pada pemakaian masker jika berada di luar rumah, sehingga diperlukan suatu pendampingan yang mewadahi keluh kesah anak-anak sekolah dasar yang belum menggunakan masker. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah: (1) peserta dapat menggunakan masker sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku dan (2) peserta memberi tanggapan positif terhadap masker yang telah diberikan, karena kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang Covid 19 dan pemakaian masker. Metode pelaksanaan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang telah dirumuskan ini dibagi dalam tiga tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Hasil pelaksanaan PKM diperoleh respon yang positif.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Dengan Pendekatan Metakognitif Berbantuan Canva Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Lisavirdinartiputra  , Kartika Yuni Purwanti  
Published: August 2022

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pembelajaran berbantuan canva terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas IV SD pada materi KPK dan FPB. Populasi dalam pengabdian ini adalah siswa SD N 2 Ampel dan siswa SD N 3 Urutsewu yang masih berada dalam satu gugus, kemudian untuk sampel dalam pengabdian ini adalah siswa kelas 4 SD N 2 Ampel dan siswa kelas 4 SD N 3 Urutsewu. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran berbantuan canva terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas IV pada materi KPK dan FPB, dibuktikan dengan taraf signifikansi 0,011 < 0,05 menggunakan uji regresi linier sederhana. Hasil pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbantuan canva berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas IV pada materi KPK dan FPB.
PENGARUH STORE ATMOSPHERE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN DIRA CAFE AND POOL AMBULU KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Sofiyanti Dewi Nur , Wahyuni Sri , Widodo Joko 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode analisis regresi sederhana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Store Atmosphere terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Dira Cafe and Pool Ambulu Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Dira Cafe and Pool Ambulu Kabupaten Jember. Adapun sampel yang digunakan yaitu konsumen Dira Cafe and Pool Ambulu Jember berjumlah 96 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode accidental sampling dengan kriteria yaitu usia minimum 17 tahun dan minimum melakukan pembelian sejumlah satu kali. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui metode kuesioner, wawancara dan dokumetasi. Jenis data yang digunakan terbagi mejadi dua yaitu data primer berupa hasil kuesioner dan data sekunder yaitu hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh hasil bahwa besar Fhitung = 484,012 > Ftabel = 3,942 dengan tingkat signifikansi F = 0,000 < a = 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan variabel Store Atmosphere terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen di Dira Cafe and Pool Ambulu Kabupaten Jember. Adapun besar pengaruh Store Atmosphere terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen di Dira Cafe and Pool Ambulu Kabupaten Jember diketahui sebesar 83,7%.
PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM DAN GOOGLE FORM SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI SMAN 3 JEMBER
Authors: SUFIYAH LILIK 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan google classroom dan google form sebagai media pembelajaran ekonomi sebagai pembelajaran daring selama pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 3 Jember dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Efektivitas google classroom dan google form diukur dari partisipasi siswa yang nampak dari Partisipasi siswa meliputi partisipasi siswa kehadiran dan partisipasi siswa dalam mengumpulkan tugas tepat waktu. Hasil penelitian diketahui penggunaan google classroom dan google form sebagai media pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan partisipasi siswa selama pembelaran daring saat Pandemi Covid 19.
الجزيرة الحرارية في مدينة الناصرية (دراسة في المناخ التفصيلي)
Authors: كامل علي يونس 
Published: August 2022

المستخلص:
تم تحديد اكثر 24 نقطة رصد في جانب الشامية و27 نقطة للرصد في جانب الجزيرة من مدينة الناصرية لقياس درجة الحرارة و الاشعاع الشمسي كما هو موضح في الخريطة (1), وان اغلب التسميات الواردة في جداول الدراسة هي تسميات لمواقع حقيقية في الخريطة ولكنها لا توجد ضمن خريطة الاساس لان خرائط الاساس هي خرائط ادارية عامة ولا تظهر بها اسماء الشوارع والجسور والاسواق والمناطق الصناعية, بل تظهر بها اسماء عن الحي بصورة عامة وليست بشكل تفصيلي, و لقياس الاشعاع الشمسي خلال فصلي الصيف والشتاء وعلى وجه الخصوص شهري كانون الثاني لفصل الشتاء وشهر تموز لفصل الصيف وعلى وجهة الدقة كانت خلال الايام (5, 15, 25) من كل شهر وهما شهري تموز وكانون الثاني لقياس الاشعاع الشمسي ودرجة الحرارة لكلا جانبي مدينة الناصرية وتم الاعتماد على جهاز نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي GPS ومن نوع (GARMIN) لتحديد مواقع النقاط في منطقة الدراسة, أما قياس درجة الحرارة فقد تم استخدام جهاز( (Therm الإلكتروني, وكذلك الاشعاع الشمسي بواسطة جهازSolar) Power Meter) الالكتروني, لرصد الاشعاع الشمسي ودرجة الحرارة في جانبي مدينة الناصرية وهما (الجزيرة والشامية) وعند مقارنة النتائج المتحصلة من القياس الميداني مع المعدل العام لدرجات الحرارة الصغرى والعظمى ومعدل الاشعاع الشمسي اتضح ان المدينة تعاني من الارتفاع الحراري لا بل انها جزيرة حرارية, وتم استخدام طريقة ( IDW) لرسم الخرائط ولتسقيط مناطق الرصد في الخريطة ولرسم الجزر الحرارية الثانوية و الرئيسية حسب درجات الحرارة المرصدة والاشعاع الشمسي المرصود.
و على الرغم من انها تعد من المحافظات العراقية التي ترتفع فيها درجات الحرارة بمستويات مرتفعة اذا ما قورنت مع غيرها وعلى الرغم من هذا انها تتصف بظاهرة الجزيرة الحرارية في داخلها وكما هو موضح في الدراسة بالتفصيل.
اثر أنموذج إجرائي تعليمي قائم على موجهات الاقتصاد المعرفي في تنمية مهارات التدريس الفعال في مادة التربية العملية لدى طلبة كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية.
Authors: عبد علاوي خولة 
Published: August 2022

ملخص البحث:
هدف البحث الحالي للتعرف على (اثر أنموذج إجرائي تعليمي قائم على موجهات الاقتصاد المعرفي في تنمية مهارات التدريس الفعال في مادة التربية العملية لدى طلبة كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية) ولتحقيق هدف البحث استعملت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي ذات الضبط الجزئي ، تكونت عينة البحث من (90) طالباً وطالبة من قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية في كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - جامعة واسط ، وكان هناك (45) طالبا في المجموعة التجريبية درسوا وفقا الأنموذج الإجرائي التعليمي القائم على موجهات الاقتصاد و(45) طالبا درسوا بالطريقة التقليدية ، كافأت الباحثة في المتغيرات الآتية ( العمر- والذكاء - التطبيق القلبي لمهارات التدريس الفعال) واعدت الباحثة اداة البحث ، الممثلة ببطاقة الملاحظة وتكون من (36) فقرة ، وأظهرت نتائج البحث أن المجموعة التجريبية التي درست وفقا للأنموذج الإجرائي التعليمي القائم على موجهات الاقتصاد كانت متفوقة على طلبة المجموعة الضابطة ، التي كانت تدرس وفقا للأسلوب التقليدي في تنمية مهارات التدريس في مادة التربية العملية.
Current trends in the formation of art objects in urban environment ("Viaduk" community in Voronezh
Authors: Shutka А. V. , Gureva Е. I. 
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the main trends in the formation of art objects in the urban environment. Special attention is paid to the development of aestheticizing the urban environment. Art objects are studied in the urban context. The article analyzes the concepts of creating art objects in the urban space. Variants of art objects are proposed in accordance with the creation of a comfortable urban environment. The article substantiates the idea about art objects in the urban environment as elements of the urban space identification.
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with severe axial neck pain: is anterior or posterior approach better?
Authors: Chan Andrew K. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Gottfried Oren N. , Park Christine , Than Khoi D. , Bisson Erica F. , Bydon Mohamad , Asher Anthony L. , Coric Domagoj , Potts Eric A. , Foley Kevin T. , Wang Michael Y. , Fu Kai-Ming , Virk Michael S. , Knightly John J. , Meyer Scott , Park Paul , Upadhyaya Cheerag , Shaffrey Mark E. , Buchholz Avery L. , Tumialán Luis M. , Turner Jay D. , Michalopoulos Giorgos D. , Sherrod Brandon A. , Agarwal Nitin , Chou Dean , Haid Regis W. , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion (PCLF) is superior for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and high preoperative neck pain.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data using the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) CSM module. Patients who received a subaxial fusion of 3 or 4 segments and had a visual analog scale (VAS) neck pain score of 7 or greater at baseline were included. The 3-, 12-, and 24-month outcomes were compared for patients undergoing ACDF with those undergoing PCLF.

RESULTS
Overall, 1141 patients with CSM were included in the database. Of these, 495 (43.4%) presented with severe neck pain (VAS score > 6). After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we compared 65 patients (54.6%) undergoing 3- and 4-level ACDF and 54 patients (45.4%) undergoing 3- and 4-level PCLF. Patients undergoing ACDF had worse Neck Disability Index scores at baseline (52.5 ± 15.9 vs 45.9 ± 16.8, p = 0.03) but similar neck pain (p > 0.05). Otherwise, the groups were well matched for the remaining baseline patient-reported outcomes. The rates of 24-month follow-up for ACDF and PCLF were similar (86.2% and 83.3%, respectively). At the 24-month follow-up, both groups demonstrated mean improvements in all outcomes, including neck pain (p < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, there was no significant difference in the degree of neck pain change, rate of neck pain improvement, rate of pain-free achievement, and rate of reaching minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in neck pain between the two groups (adjusted p > 0.05). However, ACDF was associated with a higher 24-month modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale (mJOA) score (β = 1.5 [95% CI 0.5–2.6], adjusted p = 0.01), higher EQ-5D score (β = 0.1 [95% CI 0.01–0.2], adjusted p = 0.04), and higher likelihood for return to baseline activities (OR 1.2 [95% CI 1.1–1.4], adjusted p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Severe neck pain is prevalent among patients undergoing surgery for CSM, affecting more than 40% of patients. Both ACDF and PCLF achieved comparable postoperative neck pain improvement 3, 12, and 24 months following 3- or 4-segment surgery for patients with CSM and severe neck pain. However, multilevel ACDF was associated with superior functional status, quality of life, and return to baseline activities at 24 months in multivariable adjusted analyses.