bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LPA suppresses T cell function by altering the cytoskeleton and disrupting immune synapse formation
Authors: Kremer Kimberly N. , Buser Alan , Thumkeo Dean , Narumiya Shuh , Jacobelli Jordan , Pelanda Roberta , Torres Raul M. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Cancers and chronic infectious pathogens often evade immune-mediated elimination by suppressing T cell function via engaging inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells. The phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is often increased systemically from basal concentrations upon development of cancer and chronic infections. We previously showed that, at these elevated concentrations, LPA suppresses the ability of CD8 T cells to kill malignant cells and to control tumor growth. Here, we demonstrate that LPA signaling suppresses T cell function via disrupting T cell receptor–induced cytoskeletal dynamics, immune synapse formation, signal transduction, and the tubulin code. This report identifies a targetable mechanism of receptor-mediated inhibition of T cell function that could be used in combination therapies to enhance antitumor and antiviral immunity.
Signaling from the RNA sensor RIG-I is regulated by ufmylation
Authors: Snider Daltry L. , Park Moonhee , Murphy Kristen A. , Beachboard Dia C. , Horner Stacy M. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The viral RNA sensor RIG-I initiates the antiviral innate immune response by activating a signaling cascade that induces interferon. Activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway is highly regulated to quickly mount a protective immune response while preventing dysregulation that can lead to excessive inflammation or autoimmune disorders. Here, we characterize one such mechanism of regulation. We describe that UFL1, an E3 ligase for the ubiquitin-like modifier conjugation system called ufmylation, is important to promote RIG-I signaling. Using molecular approaches, we show that ufmylation promotes RIG-I interaction with the membrane-targeting protein 14-3-3ε. As such, ufmylation positively regulates RIG-I recruitment to its signaling adaptor protein MAVS for induction of interferon in response to RNA virus infection.
Aster proteins mediate carotenoid transport in mammalian cells
Authors: Bandara Sepalika , Ramkumar Srinivasagan , Imanishi Sanae , Thomas Linda D. , Sawant Onkar B. , Imanishi Yoshikazu , von Lintig Johannes 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Carotenoid pigments accumulate in specific patterns in vertebrate tissues and play important roles as colorants, chromophores, and hormone precursors. However, proteins that facilitate transportation of these lipophilic pigments within cells have not been identified. We provide evidence that Aster proteins are key components for this process and show that they bind the pigments with high affinity. We observed in mice that carotenoids accumulate in tissues that express Aster-B and this accumulation can be prevented by enzymatic turnover by the BCO2 protein. Accordingly, we found opposing expression patterns of the Aster-B protein and BCO2 in the human retina that seemingly contribute to the unique carotenoid concentration in the macula lutea.
A multimodal approach to the technological representations in CFL textbooks
Authors: Zhang Qi , Leahy Angela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study scrutinizes the intermodal relations and interactive meaning-making of the textual and visual semiotics involved in modern technology representation, which indicates the engagement of authentic communication in language learning. The findings show that both textbooks show attempts to capture the up-to-date technology of modern life. Learners tend to be involved with the interpretation of the indexical relations between the visual and textual resources in one textbook, while the other textbook consists of a few texts and images that are not indexically related and are less likely to be interpreted interactively. Findings indicate the importance of being aware of the different emphases of these two textbooks through multimodal research, for the purpose of effective adaptations in CFL teaching and learning.
Drastic demographic events triggered the Uralic spread
Authors: Grünthal Riho , Heyd Volker , Holopainen Sampsa , Janhunen Juha A. , Khanina Olesya , Miestamo Matti , Nichols Johanna , Saarikivi Janne , Sinnemäki Kaius 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe widespread Uralic family offers several advantages for tracing prehistory: a firm absolute chronological anchor point in an ancient contact episode with well-dated Indo-Iranian; other points of intersection or diagnostic non-intersection with early Indo-European (the Late Proto-Indo-European-speaking Yamnaya culture of the western steppe, the Afanasievo culture of the upper Yenisei, and the Fatyanovo culture of the middle Volga); lexical and morphological reconstruction sufficient to establish critical absences of sharings and contacts. We add information on climate, linguistic geography, typology, and cognate frequency distributions to reconstruct the Uralic origin and spread. We argue that the Uralic homeland was east of the Urals and initially out of contact with Indo-European. The spread was rapid and without widespread shared substratal effects. We reconstruct its cause as the interconnected reactions of early Uralic and Indo-European populations to a catastrophic climate change episode and interregionalization opportunities which advantaged riverine hunter-fishers over herders.
A new nonlocal low-rank regularization method with applications to magnetic resonance image denoising
Authors: Lu Jian , Xu Chen , Hu Zhenwei , Liu Xiaoxia , Jiang Qingtang , Meng Deyu , Lin Zhouchen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) images are frequently corrupted by Rician noise during image acquisition and transmission. And it is very challenging to restore MR data because Rician noise is signal-dependent. By exploring the nonlocal self-similarity of natural images and further using the low-rank prior of the matrices formed by nonlocal similar patches for 2D data or cubes for 3D data, we propose in this paper a new nonlocal low-rank regularization (NLRR) method including an optimization model and an efficient iterative algorithm to remove Rician noise. The proposed mathematical model consists of a data fidelity term derived from a maximum a posteriori estimation and a NLRR term using the log-det function. The resulting model in terms of approximated patch/cube matrices is non-convex and non-smooth. To solve this model, we propose an alternating reweighted minimization (ARM) algorithm using the Lipschitz-continuity of the gradient of the fidelity term and the concavity of the logarithmic function in the log-det function. The subproblems of the ARM algorithm have closed-form solutions and its limit points are first-order critical points of the problem. The ARM algorithm is further integrated with a two-stage scheme to enhance the denoising performance of the proposed NLRR method. Experimental results tested on 2D and 3D MR data, including simulated and real data, show that the NLRR method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods for removing Rician noise.
Microlocal properties of seven-dimensional lemon and apple Radon transforms with applications in Compton scattering tomography
Authors: Webber James W , Quinto Eric Todd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a microlocal analysis of two novel Radon transforms of interest in Compton scattering tomography, which map compactly supported L
2 functions to their integrals over seven-dimensional sets of apple and lemon surfaces. Specifically, we show that the apple and lemon transforms are elliptic Fourier integral operators, which satisfy the Bolker condition. After an analysis of the full seven-dimensional case, we focus our attention on nD subsets of apple and lemon surfaces with fixed central axis, where n < 7. Such subsets of surface integrals have applications in airport baggage and security screening. When the data dimensionality is restricted, the apple transform is shown to violate the Bolker condition, and there are artifacts which occur on apple–cylinder intersections. The lemon transform is shown to satisfy the Bolker condition, when the support of the function is restricted to the strip

0
<
z
<
1

.
Ehrenfest theorem in relativistic quantum theory*
Authors: Bialynicki-Birula Iwo , Bialynicka-Birula Zofia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ehrenfest theorem is extended to the relativistic quantum theory of charged particles, moving under the influence of a classical electromagnetic field. In order to extend the original Ehrenfest result to the relativistic domain we bypassed the problems with the relativistic position operator by deriving directly Newton’s second law. Our approach is characterized by its universality. The detailed form of the wave equation is not needed. All that is required is the existence of the conserved electric four-current built from the particle wave function. The derivation is based on the conservation laws for the energy and momentum.
Thermal dilepton production in collisional hot QCD medium in the presence of chromo-turbulent fields
Authors: Naik Lakshmi J , Sreekanth V , Kurian Manu , Chandra Vinod 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effects of collisional processes in the hot QCD medium to thermal dilepton production from

q

q

¯

annihilation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been investigated. The non-equilibrium corrections to the momentum distribution function have been estimated within the framework of ensemble-averaged diffusive Vlasov–Boltzmann equation, encoding the effects of collisional processes and turbulent chromo-fields in the medium. The contributions from the 2 → 2 elastic scattering processes have been quantified for the thermal dilepton production rate. It is seen that the collisional corrections enhance the equilibrium dilepton spectra at high p
T and suppress at lower p
T. A comparative study between collisional and anomalous contributions to the dilepton production rates has also been explored. The collisional contributions are seen to be marginal compared to those due to collisionless anomalous transport.
A first-principles study on crystal structures and metallization of sodium-rich sulfides under high pressure
Authors: Song Liying , Jin Xilian , Li Ying , Zhuang Quan , Yang Shuhan , Zhang Li , An Lin , Liu Yang , Huo Zihao , Li Jisheng , Cui Tian , Liu Bingbing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We performed systematical theoretical simulations on phase diagrams, crystal structures, electron properties, and phonon features of Na–S system under high pressures. NaS, Na2S, and Na4S, were found to be stable under pressures. The superconducting transition critical temperature was estimated to nearly 0 K at 100 GPa in Na3S due to the weak electron–phonon coupling. Furthermore, by the comparison on the structures, the electron features, and alkali metal ions of stoichiometric proportion, we found that not only the pressure but also the number of sodium atoms in the formula unit of alkali metal atoms can promote the insulator–metal transformation in the alkali metal sulfides, such as Li–S, Na–S, and K–S systems.
A quantitative estimation method of ball bearing localized defect size based on vibration instantaneous energy analysis
Authors: He Zhiyuan , Chen Guo , Zhang Kaiyong , Gryllias Konstantinos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The quantitative evaluation of bearing damage size is of great significance for accurately predicting the remaining useful life of bearing. Existing studies have shown that rolling elements will produce corresponding vibration features when they enter and leave localized defects, and these features are the premise of accurately estimating the defect size. This paper presents an accurate quantitative estimation method of bearing localized defect size based on vibration instantaneous energy analysis. The time interval of rolling element entry and exit the damaged area is determined by analysing the instantaneous energy of fault impulse. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiments of different defect sizes of the outer race and inner race at various speeds. Besides, the proposed method has higher accuracy compared with the conventional methods, which provides a new idea for fast and convenient estimation of the ball bearing localized defect size.
Uncertainty estimation for ensemble particle image velocimetry
Authors: Ahmadzadegan Adib , Bhattacharya Sayantan , Ardekani Arezoo M , Vlachos Pavlos P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a novel approach to estimate the uncertainty in ensemble particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The ensemble PIV technique is widely used when the cross-correlation signal-to-noise ratio is insufficient to perform a reliable instantaneous velocity measurement. Despite the utility of ensemble PIV, uncertainty quantification for this type of measurement has not been studied. Here, we propose a method for estimating the uncertainty directly from the probability density function of displacements found by deconvolving the ensemble cross-correlation from the ensemble autocorrelation. We then find the second moment of the probability density function and apply a scaling factor to report the uncertainty in the velocity measurement. We call this method the moment of probability of displacement (MPD). We assess MPD’s performance with synthetic and experimental images. We show that predicted uncertainties agree well with the expected root mean square (RMS) of the error in the velocity measurements over a wide range of image and flow conditions. MPD shows good sensitivity to various PIV error sources with around 86% accuracy in matching the RMS of the error in the baseline data sets. So, MPD establishes itself as a reliable uncertainty quantification algorithm for ensemble PIV. We compared the results of MPD against one of the existing instantaneous PIV uncertainty approaches, moment of correlation (MC). We adapted the MC approach for ensemble PIV, however, its primary limitations remain the assumption of the Gaussian probability density function of displacements and the Gaussian particles’ intensity profile. In addition, our analysis shows that ensemble MC consistently underestimates the uncertainty, while MPD outperforms that and removes the limiting Gaussian assumption for the particle and probability density function, thus overcoming the limitations of MC.
Investigation of vibration and rotation multifunctional sensors based on the triboelectric effect
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Wang Dong , Li Na , Yao Tao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Studies show that to monitor the status of a rotating device accurately, vibration and rotation should be monitored simultaneously. In this regard and based on the effects of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction, a multifunctional sensor (MS) with a rotating-sleeve structure and two independent sensitive units is proposed in the present study. Nylon fabric and polytetrafluoroethylene film are used in the sensitive units, and the bounce of the copper ball on the sandwich elastic sensitive layer is used to determine the vibration level. Then theoretical analysis and finite element simulations are carried out to study the charge transfer characteristics of the sensor. It is found that the MS can truly reflect the vibration and rotation characteristics of the rotating device. Moreover, experiments are carried out and the obtained results show that the detection range of the sensor and its sensitivity are 0–36 m s−2, and 40.38 mV s2 m−1, respectively. It is concluded that the proposed MS can accurately identify the vibration frequency. The obtained results demonstrate that at rotation speeds of up to 2000 rpm, this MS can be used to measure the direction of rotation, speed, and angular acceleration with a relative error of less than 0.95%. Considering the superior characteristics of the proposed MS, it can be used to monitor the motion state of objects in real-time and has potential application prospects in the field of internet of things.
Green syntheses of graphene and its applications in internet of things (IoT)—a status review
Authors: Banerjee Arghya Narayan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) is a trending technological field that converts any physical object into a communicable smarter one by converging the physical world with the digital world. This innovative technology connects the device to the internet and provides a platform to collect real-time data, cloud storage, and analyze the collected data to trigger smart actions from a remote location via remote notifications, etc. Because of its wide-ranging applications, this technology can be integrated into almost all the industries. Another trending field with tremendous opportunities is Nanotechnology, which provides many benefits in several areas of life, and helps to improve many technological and industrial sectors. So, integration of IoT and Nanotechnology can bring about the very important field of Internet of Nanothings (IoNT), which can re-shape the communication industry. For that, data (collected from trillions of nanosensors, connected to billions of devices) would be the ‘ultimate truth’, which could be generated from highly efficient nanosensors, fabricated from various novel nanomaterials, one of which is graphene, the so-called ‘wonder material’ of the 21st century. Therefore, graphene-assisted IoT/IoNT platforms may revolutionize the communication technologies around the globe. In this article, a status review of the smart applications of graphene in the IoT sector is presented. Firstly, various green synthesis of graphene for sustainable development is elucidated, followed by its applications in various nanosensors, detectors, actuators, memory, and nano-communication devices. Also, the future market prospects are discussed to converge various emerging concepts like machine learning, fog/edge computing, artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain, with the graphene-assisted IoT field to bring about the concept of ‘all-round connectivity in every sphere possible’.
InP nanowire light-emitting diodes with different pn-junction structures
Authors: Kimura S , Gamo H , Katsumi Y , Motohisa J , Tomioka K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on the characterization of wurtzite (WZ) InP nanowire (NW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different pn junctions (axial and radial). The series resistance tended to be smaller in the NW-LED using core–shell InP NWs with a radial pn junction than in the NW-LED using InP NWs with an axial pn junction, indicating that radial pn junctions are more suitable for current injection. The electroluminescence (EL) properties of both NW LEDs revealed that the EL had three peaks originating from the zinc-blende (ZB) phase, WZ phase, and ZB/WZ heterojunction. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the dominant EL in the radial pn junction originated from the ZB/WZ interface across the stacking faults.
LptD-antigen system on gold nanoparticles: an innovative strategy in the nanovaccine development
Authors: Aguilera-Juárez Ana , Hernández-Adame Luis , Ruíz-Gómez Miguel Ángel , Monreal-Escalante Elizabeth , Reyes-Becerril Martha , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio , Pereyra Héctor Gabriel Silva , Angulo Carlos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nanovaccine development is a growing research field in which the development of new carriers and bioconjugation approaches is a priority. In this sense, this report describes for the first time, the development of a novel conjugate that consists of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) obtained by a one-step synthesis using an immunogenic peptide of the Lipopolysaccharide-assembly protein LptD from Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria as a reducing and capping agent. The resulting LptD@AuNPs compounds were fully characterized and the results showed the high capacity of the peptide to form complexes and reduce gold ions. The reaction yield estimated was higher than 83% and the chemical integrity of the peptide on the NP surface revealed a tyrosine amino acid bonding on the AuNP surface. Furthermore, the LptD@AuNP system showed high colloidal stability in a wide pH range (3–11 pH values), where the hydrodynamic diameter and Zeta potential behavior were strongly influenced by the functional groups of the antigenic peptide. The cytotoxicity assays showed that the obtained system is safe for mouse leukocytes, while immunized mice with LptD@AuNPs produced specific IgG antibodies. These encouraging results revealed the efficacy of some antigenic peptides as reducers and capping agents, in addition, opening the path to determine immunogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy of the LptD@AuNP system against the disease induced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
In situ investigation on melting characteristics of 1D SnCu alloy nanosolder
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Wei , Peng Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nanosoldering can bond various nanomaterials together or connect them with electrodes to form electrical contacts, thus assembling these nanomaterials into functional nanodevices; it is believed to be a promising interconnection technique due to its flexibility, controllability and crucial advantage of avoiding detrimental effects on the nano-objects. In this technique, molten solder as a filler material is introduced between the objects to be joined to form a reliable bond, in which the nanosolder reflow melting is a crucial prerequisite for successful nanosoldering. This work focuses on studying the melting characteristics of one-dimensional 97Sn3Cu nanosolder with low-cost, prominent electrical property and high mechanical reliability, aiming to promote its applications in nanosoldering. The reflow melting of an individual nanosolder has been dynamically observed by in situ heating holder in transmission electron microscopy, where the obtained reflow temperature (530 °C) is much higher than its melting temperature (220.4 °C) because of the external oxide layer confinement. Furthermore, the size-dependent melting temperature of nanosolders with various diameters (20–300 nm) has been investigated by both differential scanning calorimetry and theoretical calculation, revealing that the melting temperature decreases as the diameter goes down, especially for the nanosolders in the sub 80 nm range, where the value decreases significantly. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. These results pointed out here can be readily extended to other nanosolders.
Study of Size, Shape, and Etch pit formation in InAs/InP Droplet Epitaxy Quantum Dots
Authors: Gajjela Raja S R , van Venrooij Niels R S , da Cruz Adonai R , Skiba-Szymanska Joanna , Stevenson R Mark , Shields Andrew J , Pryor Craig E , Koenraad Paul M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigated metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy grown droplet epitaxy (DE) and Stranski–Krastanov (SK) InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (X-STM). We present an atomic-scale comparison of structural characteristics of QDs grown by both growth methods proving that the DE yields more uniform and shape-symmetric QDs. Both DE and SKQDs are found to be truncated pyramid-shaped with a large and sharp top facet. We report the formation of localized etch pits for the first time in InAs/InP DEQDs with atomic resolution. We discuss the droplet etching mechanism in detail to understand the formation of etch pits underneath the DEQDs. A summary of the effect of etch pit size and position on fine structure splitting (FSS) is provided via the k · p theory. Finite element (FE) simulations are performed to fit the experimental outward relaxation and lattice constant profiles of the cleaved QDs. The composition of QDs is estimated to be pure InAs obtained by combining both FE simulations and X-STM results. The preferential formation of {136} and {122} side facets was observed for the DEQDs. The formation of a DE wetting layer from As-P surface exchange is compared with the standard SKQDs wetting layer. The detailed structural characterization performed in this work provides valuable feedback for further growth optimization to obtain QDs with even lower FSS for applications in quantum technology.