bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Curvature on Colloidal Stability of Silver Nanoparticles with Monomolecular and Mixed Thiol Ligand Layers in the Presence of Alkali Cations
Authors: Malakhovsky Pavel , Minakov Egor , Rashkevich Alexey , Artemyev Mikhail 
Published: August 2022

AbstractColloidal stability of silver nanoparticles is the critical parameter while designing colloidal colorimetric biosensors. Here, we examined colloidal stability of 11‐mercaptoundecanoate‐capped quasi‐spherical silver nanoparticles and silver nanoplates in 0.02 M phosphate buffers with pH 8.0 containing Li+, Na+, K+, or Cs+ cations. While quasi‐spherical nanoparticles demonstrate a good colloidal stability in the presence of all studied cations, nanoplates aggregate in the presence of Na‐phosphate buffer. The mechanism of aggregation consists in the ion‐specific nanoparticle‐cation bridging interaction, which is sensitive to the nanoparticle surface curvature. Increased apparent dissociation constant of carboxyl groups on the zero‐curvature nanoplates’ surface enhances bridging interactions and makes nanoplates colloidally unstable. Bridging interactions can be eliminated by using mixed bimolecular 11‐mercaptoundecanoate‐11‐mercaptoundecanol surface ligand layer. Silver nanoplates with mixed ligand layer show an enhanced colloidal stability at a standard carbodiimide bioconjugation protocol.
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy
Authors: Fish Kenneth N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTotal internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy (TIRFM) is an elegant optical technique that provides for the excitation of fluorophores in an extremely thin axial region (“optical section”). The method is based on the principle that when excitation light is completely internally reflected in a transparent solid (e.g., coverglass) at its interface with liquid, an electromagnetic field, called the evanescent wave, is generated in the liquid at the solid‐liquid interface and is the same frequency as the excitation light. Since the intensity of the evanescent wave exponentially decays with distance from the surface of the solid, only fluorescent molecules within a few hundred nanometers of the solid are efficiently excited. This overview will review the history, optical theory, and hardware configurations used in TIRFM. In addition, it will provide experimental details and methodological considerations for studying receptors at the plasma membrane in neurons. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Determining the microstructure of soft sediments by automatic analysis of scanning electron microscope images of the Dead Sea fault seismites
Authors: Balaban‐Fradkin Alona , Siman‐Tov Shalev , Marco Shmuel , Heifetz Eyal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Dead Sea seismites comprise the worlds longest record of earthquakes. The seismites appear as deformed layers enclosed between undeformed layers of alternating millimetre‐thick laminae with annual pairs of winter detritus and summer evaporitic aragonite. Understanding the physical conditions that govern their formation will promote the recovery of the causative earthquake properties from the deformation character. The first step towards this goal is understanding the microscopic structure of the seismites. To this end, scanning electron microscope images of the Dead Sea Basin sediments were analysed to extract their pore and grain sizes. The implementation of image processing techniques to determine the microscopic‐scale physical properties of the deformed and undeformed layers are in general agreement with results from classical labour‐intensive instruments. However, the image processing analyses provide more detailed unbiased information. A MATLAB‐based code has been developed as a ready‐to‐use package, which can be easily implemented on any other occurrence of soft sediment outcrops to analyse sediment microscopic‐scale physical properties from scanning electron microscope images.
Pink salmon distribution in Sweden: The calm before the storm?
Authors: Staveley Thomas A. B. , Ahlbeck Bergendahl Ida 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPink salmon distribution has recently expanded substantially across northern Europe. On the Swedish west coast, relatively few pink salmon have been observed to date; nonetheless, a notable rise in 2021 (70 observations). However, with no national monitoring together with a ceased Atlantic salmon commercial fishery, there is little opportunity to understand the extent of the spread in this region. Here, we present the current data and address the need for future monitoring and research in order to understand the potential impacts of this invasive species in Sweden's aquatic ecosystems.
Communicating about plant breeding and genome editing in plants: Assessment of European stakeholders, sources, channels and content
Authors: Will Sabine , Vangheluwe Nick , Krause Dörthe , Fischer Arnout R. H. , Jorasch Petra , Kohl Christian , Nair Abhishek , Nanda Amrit K. , Wilhelm Ralf 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGenome editing helps to develop plant varieties that address future agricultural challenges such as climate change adaptation, resource efficiency and sustainable productivity. Nevertheless, associated aspects relating, besides others, to the regulation of genome editing, intellectual property rights and potential environmental and health aspects lead to fierce discussions within the European Union. In these discussions, values and moral aspects play a decisive role. To support and set the stage for an open‐minded dialogue, the communication behaviour and needs of specific stakeholder groups has been analysed by means of two online surveys. The surveys considered sources and channels used for information sourcing and dissemination, conveyed content and relevant target audiences. In addition, the degree of trust of stakeholders in different information sources was assessed. Stakeholders included representatives from academia, civil society organisations (including environmental and consumer organisations), journalists, the farming community, the seed and plant breeding sector and policymakers across Europe. Our analysis suggests that, in general, a high level of trust is associated with representatives from academia, and that safety‐related aspects, transparency and sustainability are considered very important topics across the different stakeholder groups. In addition, social media seem to play a subordinate role for inter‐stakeholder communication but is of higher relevance for reaching out to the public.
Crystallographic Characterisation of Organolithium and Organomagnesium Intermediates in Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Lynch Jennifer R. , Kennedy Alan R. , Barker Jim , Reid Jacqueline , Mulvey Robert E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report reactions of LiNacNac and NacNacMg(TMP) with common organic substrates (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide). Using bulky β‐diketiminate compound NacNac (Me, Dipp), we have trapped metalated intermediates amenable to X‐ray crystallographic study. LiNacNac and acetone produced the NacNac‐free hexameric diacetone alkoxide [{LiO(MeC(=O)CH2C(Me)2}6]; whereas pinacolone gave the simple monomeric donor–acceptor complex [Li{(MeCN‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2CH}{O=C(Me)tBu}]. Benzaldehyde produced dimeric [Li{(MeCN‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2CC(=O)Ph}{O=C(Ph)OCH2Ph}]2, where one benzaldehyde molecule has inserted in to the γ‐carbon position of the NacNac ligand, with a molecule of benzyl benzoate derived from a Tishchenko reaction of the aldehyde acting as a terminal donor to lithium. Tetranuclear, mixed dimer [{LiO(MeCN‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2CH‐CH(Ph)}2{LiO(PhC(=O)}2] containing the same modified NacNac ligand was the fortuitous product from repeating the reaction of LiNacNac and benzaldehyde in a solution presumably contaminated with benzoic acid. Combining NacNacMg(TMP) with pinacolone affords monomeric heteroleptic [Mg{(MeCN‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2CH}{OC(tBu)(Me)CH2C(=O)tBu}] with an aldolate constituting the second anion. Completing the set is dimeric [Mg{(MeCN‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2CH}{O(C=CH2)Ph}2], where the enolate derived from acetophenone bridges the magnesium centres.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis during apalutamide treatment in a patient with prostate cancer
Authors: Honda Tomoko , Tohi Yoichiro , Kaku Yo , Kimura Nachino , Kato Takuma , Haba Reiji , Dainichi Teruki , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionAcute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a type of severe cutaneous drug adverse reaction. While apalutamide is known for its high incidence of cutaneous adverse events, it remains unknown whether acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis can develop during apalutamide treatment.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old man with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer developed small erythema on the face and trunk after 41 days of apalutamide treatment. Three days later, apalutamide was discontinued. However, 9 days after the discontinuation of apalutamide, the patient had a high fever with hemodynamic instability and showed diffuse erythema throughout the body with numerous small pustules. Skin biopsy revealed subcorneal and intraepidermal pustules admixed with many eosinophils, which led to the diagnosis of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. The skin rash improved in 14 days with systemic corticosteroid administration.ConclusionWe present the first case of a skin rash with clinical features of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis during apalutamide treatment.
Put them to bed, and “do not disturb” brain microglia in SIV infection
Authors: Kolson Dennis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the current issue of The Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Trease and colleagues have presented a unique study with a perspective on the fluidity of the status of brain myeloid cell sub-populations (microglia and macrophages) within the SIV-infected brain, and the implications for the cognitive health of people with HIV (PWH). Those implications for more fully understanding the role of myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are indeed significant. Their study attempts to capture the state of brain myeloid cells in combination ART (cART)-suppressed, SIV-infected rhesus macaques, through analyses of myeloid cells isolated from whole-brain hemisphere preparations, using scRNA seq, IPA and bioinformatics. The goal was to profile the transcriptomic pattern of myeloid homeostasis during virus suppression and compare that profile to those of resting, uninfected microglia and SIV-infected microglia in states of uncontrolled infection. The later includes active infection in non-encephalitic and encephalitic states, the precursor and end-stages of SIV/HIV infection of the brain, which are relevant in untreated individuals. The state of virus suppression represents the status of PLWH on suppressive cART, which is of particular interest. The homeostatic state of microglia/macrophages under viral suppression currently dominates discussions dealing with treated patient populations, which emphasizes the importance of this study. Defining the differences in the homeostatic state might identify the neuropathogenic potential of microglia to induce brain injury even without active SIV replication to reveal new therapeutic targets.
DDA‐imaging with structural identification of lipid molecules on an Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer
Authors: Khalil Saleh M. , Sprenger Richard R. , Hermansson Martin , Ejsing Christer S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) is a useful technique for visualizing the spatial distribution of lipid molecules in tissues. Nevertheless, the use of MSI to investigate local lipid metabolic hallmarks has until recently been hampered by a lack of adequate technology that supports confident lipid identification. This limitation was recently mitigated by the development of DDA‐imaging technology where high‐resolution MSI is combined with parallel acquisition of lipid tandem MS2 spectra on a hybrid ion trap‐Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer featuring a resolving power of 240,000 and a scan time of 1 s. Here, we report the key tenets related to successful transfer of the DDA‐imaging technology onto an Orbitrap Velos Pro instrument featuring a resolving power of 120,000 and a scan time of 2 s. Through meticulous performance assessments and method optimization, we tuned the DDA‐imaging method to be able to confidently identify 73 molecular lipid species in mouse brain sections and demonstrate that the performance of the technology is comparable with DDA‐imaging on the Orbitrap Elite. Altogether, our work shows that DDA‐imaging on the Orbitrap Velos Pro instrument can serve as a robust workhorse for lipid imaging in routine applications.
Millennial‐ to centennial‐scale anti‐phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay ~ 3500 cal a BP
Authors: Fan Jiawei , Xu Hongyan , Jiang Hanchao , Wei Xiaotong , Shi Wei , Guo Qiaoqiao , Zhang Siqi , Bai Xianzhou , Liu Xingqi , Xiao Jule 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is strongly debated whether the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are in‐phase, anti‐phase or out‐of‐phase, and how hydroclimatic changes in the above two climate systems affected trans‐Eurasian cultural exchanges during the late Holocene. In this study, we establish a 3500‐a‐long paleoclimatic sequence based on high‐resolution analyses of sedimentological and geochemical data of a well‐dated sediment core from Yileimu Lake in southern Altay. High percentages of the >63‐µm fraction and high values of Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios indicate strong transport of weakly weathered, coarse sediments into the depocenter of the lake caused by enhanced surface runoff and catchment erosion associated with a wet climate, and vice versa. High values of Ca and total inorganic carbon (TIC) contents imply increased precipitation of endogenic carbonates in the lake water under intense evaporation associated with a dry climate, and vice versa. This new record indicates two wet intervals at 3500–2300 and 600–100 cal a bp, interrupted by a severe and prolonged dry interval from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp, and a mild dry interval with occasionally wet conditions from 1000 to 600 cal a bp. These results are broadly consistent with other paleoclimatic records in Westerlies‐dominated Asia and are generally anti‐phase with those in the EASM region. We suggest that a strengthening/weakening and southward/northward migration of the Westerlies during a negative/positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) transported more/less water vapor into arid Asia. Meanwhile, a decreasing/increasing El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) superimposed on a southward/northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) triggered a weakening/strengthening and southward/northward movement of the West‐Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), resulting in decreasing/increasing EASM intensity. In addition, the wet climate from 3500 to 2300 cal a bp may have contributed to the development of nomadic herding in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altay region, and to the opening of the proto‐Silk Roads. Potentially, intense seismic activities in the Altay Mountains ~3500 cal a bp may have also promoted the opening of the proto‐Silk Roads by forcing the herdsmen to move to the inter‐mountainous basins. The strong EASM intensity from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp in eastern China may have contributed to the creation of the ancient Silk Roads by the Han Dynasty.
Tuning the Internal Compartmentation of Single‐Chain Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Contrast Agents
Authors: Thümmler Justus F. , Roos Andreas H. , Krüger Jana , Hinderberger Dariush , Schmitt Franz‐Josef , Tang Guo , Golmohamadi Farzin Ghane , Laufer Jan , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractControlling the internal structures of single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is an important factor for their targeted chemical design and synthesis, especially in view of nanosized compartments presenting different local environments as a main feature to control functionality. We here design SCNPs bearing near‐infrared fluorescent dyes embedded in hydrophobic compartments for use as contrast agents in pump–probe photoacoustic (PA) imaging, displaying improved properties by the location of the dye in the hydrophobic particle core. Compartment formation is controlled via single‐chain collapse and subsequent crosslinking of an amphiphilic polymer using external crosslinkers in reaction media of adjustable polarity. Different SCNPs with hydrodynamic diameters of 6‐12 nm bearing adjustable label densities are synthesized. It is found that the specific conditions for single‐chain collapse have a major impact on the formation of the desired core–shell structure, in turn adjusting the internal nanocompartments together with the formation of excitonic dye couples, which in turn increase their fluorescence lifetime and PA signal generation. SCNPs with the dye molecules accumulate at the core also show a nonlinear PA response as a function of pulse energy—a property that can be exploited as a contrast mechanism in molecular PA tomography.
In‐line measurement and characterization in glass bead‐filled polypropylene extrusion based on machine vision
Authors: Zhu Shichao , Wang Mengmeng , Li Kangming , Wu Heng , Jin Gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParticle filling is a typical method for reinforcing polymer matrix materials, and the properties of particle filler have a significant impact on the performance of polymeric materials. However, there is still a lack of effective in situ measurement and characterization methods of particulate‐filled polymer. In this paper, an in‐line measurement and characterization method for glass bead‐filled polypropylene (GB/PP) based on machine vision was proposed. A visual die was developed, and the polymer melt in the visual area was photographed by a high‐speed camera to obtain images for analysis. An improved YOLO target detection algorithm was applied to identify particles in images. The particle size distribution, dispersion, and component content of glass beads in the polypropylene were measured and characterized through statistical analysis, and then verified by other off‐line methods. These properties calculated by our method agree well with those measured by other off‐line methods. This method can achieve the in‐line measurement and characterization for GB/PP extrusion, which is promising for the in‐line property monitoring of particulate‐filled polymers in the industry.
Fracture behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PA6/NBR nanocomposites
Authors: Ghorbankhan Ali , Nakhaei Mohammad Reza , Safarpour Pedram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolyamide 6/Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/Perlite nanocomposites with different percentages of NBR phase and perlite nanoparticle were prepared using the melt mixing process. The fracture behavior of PA6/NBR/Perlite nanocomposites was studied by the essential work of fracture method (EWF). Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effect of input variables, namely NBR and perlite content, on fracture behavior and Young's modulus of these nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy was used as a method for studying the morphology of the thermoplastic elastomer matrix containing different percentages of NBR elastomer and perlite nanoparticles. The results confirmed that, with controlling input variables, the optimum conditions of the system could be obtained, which leads to an improvement in fracture behavior and modulus strength of PA6/NBR/Perlite nanocomposites. RSM results illustrated that Young's modulus is increased from 2539 to 2862 MPa with an increase in perlite content from 3 to 7 wt%, when NBR content is 20 wt%. Moreover, Elongation at break is increased from 59.8% for 20 wt% NBR elastomer up to 102.8% for 40 wt%. The results of the EWF test illustrated that the samples with 30 and 10 wt%. NBR and 5 wt% perlite, have the maximum values of essential work of fracture (283.8 N/mm) and nonessential work of fracture (22.2 N/mm2), respectively.
A rural‐urban comparison of self‐management in people living with cancer following primary treatment: A mixed methods study
Authors: Nelson David , McGonagle Ian , Jackson Christine , Gussy Mark , Kane Ros 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate and compare self‐management in people living with cancer following treatment, from rural and urban areas in the United Kingdom where there is a significant evidence gap.MethodsA cross‐sectional explanatory sequential mixed methods design. This involved a self‐completion questionnaire that collected data on demographics, self‐management using the PAM‐13 and rural‐urban residence and 34 in‐depth interviews that aimed to explore and compare the barriers and facilitators to self‐management in rural and urban settings.Results227 participants completed the questionnaire: mean age 66.86 (±11.22). Fifty‐two percent (n = 119) were female and 48% (n = 108) were male. Fifty‐three percent (n = 120) resided in urban areas and 45 % (n = 103) in rural areas. Participants had a range of different types of cancer but the three most common were breast (n = 73), urological (n = 53), upper and lower gastrointestinal (n = 41). Rural respondents (63.31 ± 13.66) were significantly (p < 0.05) more activated than those in urban areas (59.59 ± 12.75). The barriers and facilitators to self‐management identified in the interviews were prevalent in both rural and urban settings but some barriers were more explicit in rural settings. For example, there was a lack of bespoke support in rural areas and participants acknowledged how travelling long distances to urban centres for support groups was problematic. Equally, there were barriers and facilitators that were not necessarily unique to either geographic setting.ConclusionWhilst the active treatment phase can present considerable challenges for people living with cancer in rural areas the findings suggest that the rural environment has the potential to increase engagement with self‐management in the transition to survivorship. The rigorous mixed methods design has led to different and complementary conclusions that would not have been possible had either quantitative or qualitative methods been used in isolation.