bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivalent Benzamidine Molecules for Plasmin Inhibition: Effect of Valency and Linker Length
Authors: Nallan Chakravarthula Tanmaye , Zeng Ziqian , Alves Nathan J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is an emerging interest in utilizing synthetic multivalent inhibitors that comprise of multiple inhibitor moieties linked on a common scaffold to achieve strong and selective enzyme inhibition. As multivalent inhibition is impacted by valency and linker length, in this study, we explore the effect of multivalent benzamidine inhibitors of varying valency and linker length on plasmin inhibition. Plasmin is an endogenous enzyme responsible for digesting fibrin present in blood clots. Monovalent plasmin(ogen) inhibitors are utilized clinically to treat hyperfibrinolysis‐associated bleeding events. Benzamidine is a reversible inhibitor that binds to plasmin's active site. Herein, multivalent benzamidine inhibitors of varying valencies (mono‐, bi‐ and tri‐valent) and linker lengths (∼1–12 nm) were synthesized to systematically study their effect on plasmin inhibition. Inhibition assays were performed using a plasmin substrate (S‐2251) to determine inhibition constants (Ki). Pentamidine (shortest bivalent) and Tri‐AMB (shortest trivalent) were the strongest inhibitors with Ki values of 2.1±0.8 and 3.9±1.7 μM, respectively. Overall, increasing valency and decreasing linker length, increases effective local concentration of the inhibitor and therefore, resulted in stronger inhibition of plasmin via statistical rebinding. This study aids in the design of multivalent inhibitors that can achieve desired enzyme inhibition by means of modulating valency and linker length.
On the security of fully homomorphic encryption for data privacy in Internet of Things
Authors: Peng Zhiniang , Zhou Wei , Zhu Xiaogang , Wu Youke , Wen Sheng 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTo achieve data privacy in Internet of Things (IoT), fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) technique is used to encrypt the data while allowing others to compute on the encrypted data. However, there are many well‐known problems with FHE such as chosen‐ciphertext attack security and circuit privacy problem. In this article, we demonstrate that a famous FHE application named Brakerski/Fan–Vercauteren scheme, a circuit privacy application based on fast private set intersection, and an encoding application that encodes integer or floating point numbers based on Microsoft Simple Encryption Arithmetic Library homomorphic encryption library, are insecure against chosen ciphertext attacks due to insecurity of the underlying fully homomorphic schemes. These results show that using cryptographic primitives even with security proofs causes serious security vulnerabilities on the applications themselves. The results also give evidences that the security of adopted cryptographic primitives in IoT should be proved in appropriate formal security models as well as proof of the scheme itself.
Ni2Se3−CuSex Heterostructure as a Highly Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Urea‐Assisted Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Li Kaixun , Xie Binbin , Feng Dongmei , Tong Yun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoupling urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an attractive alternative anode reaction for electrochemical hydrogen generation with low energy consumption. However, the development of highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts is still a challenge. In this work, Ni2Se3−CuSex heterostructure was synthesized on copper foam (Ni3Se2@CuSex/CF) by electrodeposition accompanied by a selenization process. Benefiting from the abundant active sites, faster reaction kinetics, and modulated electronic structure, the self‐supporting Ni3Se2@CuSex/CF electrode exhibited superior catalytic performance. Extremely low overpotentials of 120 and 140 mV were achieved at the current density of 100 mA cm−2 for HER/UOR, respectively. Respectively, in HER||UOR coupled electrolyzer for H2 generation, the Ni3Se2@CuSex/CF||Ni3Se2@CuSex/CF delivered a low cell voltage of 1.49 V to reach a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 along with good stability, outperforming most of the other well‐developed materials to date. The rational design of coupled heterostructure as bifunctional electrodes is a promising approach for energy‐saving H2 production.
microRNA‐200c overexpression in cancer‐associated fibroblasts reduces the invasive properties of breast tumour cells
Authors: Shenavar Nasim , Shariati Laleh , Hakimian Mohammad Reza , Makvandi Pooyan , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCancer‐associated
fibroblasts (CAFs) play a critical role in supporting tumour cells in all aspects of cancer development, such as cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as regulatory molecules regulate the genes contributing to cell growth, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. According to the literature, miR‐200c, as a tumour suppressor, has low expression levels in CAFs. In this investigation, the effect of miR‐200c overexpression was evaluated on proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The fibroblasts were isolated from normal and cancerous breast tissue. MiR‐200c expression was assessed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction in cancer‐associated and normal fibroblasts. Then, the effect of miR‐200c transfection on proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of TNBC cells was evaluated. Our results confirm that in the presence of miR‐200c transfected fibroblasts, the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of cancer cells significantly decreased. This effect could be attributed to the reduction of growth factors provided by cancer‐associated fibroblasts after miRNA dysregulation. These results propose that miR‐200c acts as an effective tumour suppressor in many aspects of TNBC development and can be considered a potential therapeutic tool for breast cancer in the next generation of pharmaceutics.
Spatial variations in sediment production and surface transformations in subtropical fluvial basins (Caculuvar River, south‐west Angola): Implications for the composition of sedimentary deposits
Authors: Cruz Armanda Trindade , Dinis Pedro Alexandre , Lucic Mavro , Gomes Alberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral compositional features of sedimentary deposits can be used to reconstruct environmental conditions of source areas. In this research, bulk X‐ray diffraction mineralogy, heavy and clay mineral assemblages and geochemistry obtained for modern deposits of the Cunene River and its tributaries Caculuvar–Mucope are integrated with geological/geomorphological characteristics of respective catchment areas to evaluate to what extent sediment production is spatially variable and source materials are differently affected by exogenous transformations. Detrital sources can be classified into four main types based on sediment composition: felsic, mafic, recycled and mixed. Source contributions obtained with unmixing models using distinct input data reveal some disagreements, with heavy mineral assemblages pointing to higher mafic contribution and bulk XRD‐mineralogy favouring the recycled sedimentary component. However, the three datasets coincide showing a lower supply from the Kalahari Basin than the large outcropping areas of its sedimentary units would suggest, which is attributed to the relatively low rainfall and relief in this region. Where multiple depositional cycles are involved in sediment production the composition of the river deposits, even their clay fractions, will not reflect coeval weathering transformations and an under‐estimation of the mafic component probably occurs. This research reveals how exogenous processes may deviate the composition of the produced sediment from a simple weighted by outcropping area average of the source units and compromise (palaeo)environmental interpretations based on sediment composition.
Palladium(II) Complexes of (2,6‐Dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl)diphenyl‐phosphane: Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Catalytic Arylation of Imidazoles Under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Pandey Madhusudan K. , Sonawane Sachin C. , Mondal Dipanjan , Kote Basvaraj S. , Balakrishna Maravanji S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and structural studies of palladium(II) complexes of sterically demanding mono‐phosphine Ar*PPh2 (1) (Ar*=2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl) are described. The reactions of 1 with [Pd(COD)Cl2] and [Pd(η3‐C3H5)Cl]2 in 2 : 1 molar ratios afforded mononuclear complexes trans‐[PdCl2{(PPh2Ar*)‐κ1‐P}2] (2) and [Pd(η3‐C3H5)Cl{(PPh2Ar*)‐κ1‐P}] (3), respectively. Both the complexes have been fully characterized through NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The molecular structures of 2 and 3 showed C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions between methine hydrogen of one of the Ph2CH groups with the centroid of one of the phenyl rings of the PPh2 group. Complex 2 also showed intramolecular π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions between the phenyl rings of Ph2CH and PPh2 groups. In addition, complex 2 also showed C−H⋅⋅⋅Pd anagostic interaction between the methine hydrogen of one of the Ph2CH groups and the palladium center. The palladium complex 2 is found to be an efficient catalyst for the direct C‐5 arylation of imidazole derivatives under aerobic conditions.
Computer‐aided scenario design using participatory backcasting: A case study of sustainable vision creation in a Japanese city
Authors: Kishita Yusuke , Masuda Takuma , Nakamura Hidenori , Aoki Kazumasu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDesigning backcasting scenarios is a powerful approach to the development of sustainable visions and pathways for governments or enterprises in the early stage of their policy‐making or strategic decision‐making process. To date, a number of scholars have proposed various backcasting methods, in which workshops are often used to reflect the voices of stakeholders. However, it is still a challenge to test the validity of scenarios because the process of designing backcasting scenarios is not transparent or shared among involved stakeholders. This also prevents reusing knowledge and intermediate outputs generated during the scenario design process. To solve these problems, this paper aims to develop a method for supporting a backcasting scenario design by introducing computational assistance. A scenario design support system called the sustainable society scenario (3S) simulator is used to visualize a scenario's logical sequence of the scenario in graph format. To demonstrate the proposed method, a case study for the city of Toyama, a Japanese municipality, was performed using three workshops with citizen participation. The results showed that two different scenarios, involving future visions and associated pathways, were developed by reflecting the diversified values of local citizens. The usage of the 3S simulator visualized the logical relations of the described scenarios, which consist of five blocks—problem definition, subgoals to achieve visions, measures to attain these subgoals, verification, and conclusions. This visualization is effective to increase the verifiability and reusability of the scenarios for evidence‐based policy‐making processes.
Simple algorithm to narrow down the candidates to receive echocardiography in patients with chronic liver disease for suspected pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Yamashita Koji , Kurosaki Masayuki , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Tanaka Yuki , Ishido Shun , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Hayakawa Yuka , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Nobusawa Tsubasa , Kakegawa Tatsuya , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Tanaka Shohei , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Tamaki Nobuharu , Yasui Yutaka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Takahashi Yuka , Miyazaki Ryoichi , Ashikaga Takashi , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsPortopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension related to portal hypertension. The definitive diagnosis of PoPH is made by invasive right heart catheterization. Alternatively, pulmonary arterial hypertension may be recognized noninvasively from the tricuspid regurgitant pressure gradient (TRPG), measured by echocardiography. In this study, we aimed to establish a simple algorithm to identify chronic liver disease patients with a high TRPG value in order to narrow down the candidates to receive echocardiography.Methods and ResultsTRPG was measured by echocardiography in 152 patients with chronic liver disease. Factors predictive of TRPG >30 mmHg were investigated. There were 28 (18%) cases with TRPG >30 mmHg. Independent factors associated with a high TRPG were the presence of shortness of breath, high serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and low serum albumin. Child–Pugh class or the presence of ascites, varices, or encephalopathy was not associated with TRPG. There was a correlation between the serum BNP and TRPG, and the optimal cutoff value of BNP by the Youden index was 122 pg/mL, and by 100% sensitivity was 50 pg/mL. A combination of these factors identified patients with a high probability of TRPG >30 mmHg (n = 12, positive predictive value [PPV] of 83%), no probability (n = 80, PPV 0%), and intermediate probability (n = 60, PPV 25–34%). This algorithm has reduced the number of patients needing echocardiography by 53%.ConclusionsA simple algorithm using the presence of shortness of breath, serum BNP, and albumin levels can narrow down the candidates to receive echocardiography.
Race, age, and sex differences on the influence of obesity on colorectal cancer sidedness and mortality: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ulanja Mark B. , Ntafam Carnot , Beutler Bryce D. , Antwi‐Amoabeng Daniel , Rahman Ganiyu A. , Ulanja Reginald N. , Mabrouk Tarig , Governor Samuel B. , Djankpa Francis T. , Alese Olatunji B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesColorectal cancer (CRC) sidedness is recognized as a prognostic factor for survival; left‐sided colorectal cancer is associated with better outcomes than right‐sided colon cancer (RsCC). We aimed to evaluate the influence of obesity on CRC sidedness and determine how race, age, and sex affect mortality among overweight and obese individuals.MethodsA survey‐weighted analysis was conducted using data obtained from the National Inpatient Sample between 2016 and 2019.ResultsOf the 24 549 patients with a diagnosis of CRC and a reported body mass index (BMI), 13.6% were overweight and 49.9% were obese. The race distribution was predominantly non‐Hispanic Whites (69.7%), followed by Black (15.6%), Hispanic (8.7%), and other race (6.1%). Overweight (BMI: 25−29.9) and obese (BMI: ≥30) individuals were more likely to have RsCC (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17−1.39, p < 0.001 and aOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.37−1.54, p < 0.001, respectively). Obese Black individuals were more likely to have RsCC as compared to their White counterparts (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09−1.38).ConclusionsObesity is associated with an increased risk of RsCC. In addition, racial disparities in CRC sidedness and outcomes are most pronounced among obese patients.
Spicy Food and Chili Peppers and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review
Authors: Ao Zhimin , Huang Zongyue , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpicy foods and chili peppers contain the primary ingredient capsaicin, which has potential health benefits. However, their efficacy in some health outcomes is also fiercely disputed, and some side effects have been confirmed. To assess the quality and strength of the associations between spicy food and chili pepper consumption and different health outcomes. An umbrella review is performed in humans. Eleven systematic reviews and meta‐analyses with a total of 27 findings are identified. The health effect of consuming spicy food and chili peppers is unclear. Furthermore, the characteristics and context of different world regions and populations should be carefully considered. Direct correlations exist in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and gallbladder cancer. However, negative connections are reported in metabolism, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. Dose–response analysis reveals a significant nonlinear relationship between gastric cancer risk and capsaicin intake. The consumption of spicy foods and chili peppers is typically safe. However, high‐quality proof is available to confirm this conclusion.
Pin‐loaded ultrathin magnetoelectric dipole antenna with unidirectional radiation
Authors: Xu Li‐jie , Jin Xiaoyu , Zhang Congtian , Lu Wen‐Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA wide‐beam magnetoelectric dipole antenna with an ultralow profile of 0.01λ0 is proposed in this letter. The magnetic dipole (M‐dipole) is formed by placing a turnstile‐shaped patch above a circular ground, establishing the foundation of a thin profile. Then, a pair of crossed strips with one end shorted is introduced, exciting the electric‐dipole without affecting the radiation of M‐dipole and increasing the antenna profile. In that way, stable wide‐beam unilateral radiation in both the E‐ and H‐planes can be achieved. At the same time, a high front‐to‐back (F/B) ratio of 22 dB is obtained for the measured result. Besides, by adjusting the number and position of shorting pins, the proposed antenna shows beam steering capability, which makes it quite promising for future scanning applications.
Are we of one mind about core competencies of nurse preceptors? A nominal group technique study
Authors: Chen Tzu‐Ting , Hsiao Chia‐Chi , Chu Tsui‐Ping , Chen Sue‐Hsien , Liao Mei‐Nan , Hung Chang‐Chiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis paper explored the differences in perspectives on the core competencies of nurse preceptors among postgraduate‐year nurses, clinical nursing preceptors and head nurses.DesignCross‐sectional design with nominal group technique (NGT).MethodThe sample consisted of 32 postgraduate‐year nurses, 42 preceptors and 27 head nurses. Two rounds of NGT were used to collect the group opinions.ResultsWhile the rank/level of importance varied, three groups all agreed that teaching traits, clinical nursing profession, communication and collaboration, teaching pedagogy, reaction of contingency and consultation of academic writing were important core competencies for nurse preceptors. The three groups disagreed on critical thinking and reflection, as well as lifelong learning. This study clarifies cognitive differences and expectations among three groups and can assist medical institutes in designing preceptor training courses.
Integrating Indigenous and scientific perspectives on environmental changes: Insights from boreal landscapes
Authors: Bélisle Annie Claude , Gauthier Sylvie , Asselin Hugo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMajor environmental changes affect the health and capacity of ecosystems to sustain Indigenous people's well‐being in boreal landscapes. Collaboration between Indigenous communities and researchers could help assessing and mitigating the consequences of environmental changes.We used Driver Pressure State Impact (DPSI) conceptual models to compare the perspectives of Indigenous and scientific communities on environmental changes in boreal landscapes of Quebec, Canada.The Indigenous DPSI model emerged from interviews with local land‐use experts from two Indigenous communities. The scientific model was informed by the publication topics of expert researchers.We compared the Indigenous and scientific models and exposed convergences and divergences between perspectives. Forestry was identified as a major driver of change in both models. Most issues related to mining, hydro‐power and forest road development were specific to the Indigenous model. Climate change and wildfires were of greater interest in the scientific model.Convergences between the perspectives of Indigenous and scientific communities are conducive to collaborative research. Divergences could be addressed through reciprocal knowledge transfer activities, which would lead to research that better aligns with the concerns and needs of Indigenous communities.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Suicidal ideation in advanced cancer patients without major depressive disorder
Authors: Tang Lili , He Yi , Pang Ying , Su Zhongge , Zhou Yuhe , Wang Yu , Lu Yongkui , Jiang Yu , Han Xinkun , Song Lihua , Wang Liping , Li Zimeng , Lv Xiaojun , Wang Yan , Yao Juntao , Liu Xiaohong , Zhou Xiaoyi , He Shuangzhi , Zhang Yening , Song Lili , Li Jinjiang , Wang Bingmei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of suicide and suicide attempt among cancer patients. However, we do not know how many cancer patients without MDD have suicidal ideation (SI).ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and correlated factors of SI among advanced cancer patients without MDD.MethodsThis is a multi‐center, cross‐sectional study based on an electronic patient‐reported outcome systems in patients who were diagnosed with advanced lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal or breast cancer, the top six prevalent cancers in China. A total of 2930 advanced cancer patients were recruited from 10 regional representative cancer centers across China from August 2019 to December 2020. Patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 regarding if they had thoughts of being better off dead or of hurting themselves in some way in the previous 2 weeks. Patients also completed the symptom inventory and quality of life assessment. Generalized estimating equation model was performed to explore the correlated factors associated with SI among the patients without MDD.ResultsThe overall prevalence of SI among advanced cancer patients without MDD was 13.1%. The prevalence was higher in older patients. After adjusted for existing conditions, patients with vomiting symptom (p < 0.001), poorer life quality (p < 0.001), and middle education level (p = 0.031) were correlated factors of SI.ConclusionsThe suicidal ideation is common in advanced cancer patients without MDD. Patients with vomiting, poor quality of life, and middle education level should be screened and monitored for suicidal ideation even without MDD.Clinical Trial InformationChiCTR1900024957.