bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of peloidotherapy in unilateral plantar fasciitis: A pilot study
Authors: Karaarslan Fatih , Ordahan Banu 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of peloidotherapy on pain, functional status, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with unilateral plantar fasciitis (PF).
Patients and methods: This prospective, observational pilot study included a total of 80 patients (13 males, 67 females; mean age: 47.7±9.9 years; range, 28 to 68 years) with a diagnosis of unilateral PF between April 2018 and October 2018. The patients were divided into two equal groups. The study group (n=40) received peloidotherapy (five days per week for two weeks, total of 10 sessions) + Achilles tendon and plantar fascia stretching exercises (self-stretching for two weeks twice per day for 30 sec, 10 repeats) + heel cup treatment. The control group (n=40) received Achilles tendon and plantar fascia stretching exercises + heel cup treatment. The patients were evaluated before and after treatment using the Visual Analog Scale-pain (VAS-pain), Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOS), and Heel Tenderness Index (HTI).
Results: The study group showed statistically significant improvements for all parameters after treatment compared to baseline (p<0.05). Control group showed statistically significant improvements in the VAS-pain, HTI, and FAOS-QoL subscales after treatment compared to baseline (p<0.05). The study group had a better improvement in the VAS-pain, FAOS-pain, and FAOS-work daily life subscales than the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: These results indicate that peloidotherapy may be effective in reducing pain and improving functional status and QoL for patients with unilateral PF.
Comparison of ankylosing spondylitis patients with and without fibromyalgia syndrome according to the disease activation scores and response to treatment
Authors: Durmaz Yunus , İlhanlı İlker 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to compare the AS patients with and without FM according to the disease activity, clinical and laboratory findings, and response to treatment.
Patients and methods: Between September 2016 and September 2020, a total of 511 patients (312 males, 119 females; mean age: 43.0±11.2 years; range, 18 to 77 years) who were diagnosed with AS were retrospectively analyzed. Age, sex, disease duration, disease onset age, and extra-articular findings were recorded. Medical treatments used by the patients for the treatment of AS and FM were noted. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) status, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) with ESR (ASDAS-ESR) and ASDAS-CRP values were recorded.
Results: The frequency of FM in AS patients was 23.2%. Totally, 75.4% of the FM patients were female. The HLA-B27 positivity, extra-articular involvement frequency, disease duration, and acute phase reactants levels were similar between AS patients with and without FM (p=0.118, p=0.154, p=0.829, p=0.113, and p=0.763, respectively). The AS patients with FM had lower rates of achieving remission or low disease activity, compared to those without FM. The mean of all three disease activity scores between these two groups was also higher in the AS patients with FM (p<0.001). The rate of use of biological therapy was significantly higher in the AS patients with FM than those without FM (p=0.037).
Conclusion: Since the treatment plan of AS is made based on the disease activity scores, unnecessary biological therapy may be initiated for patients or the biological therapies they use may be switched unnecessarily. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that FM may present with AS in patients who do not respond to treatment clinically, and this may be misinterpreted as treatment unresponsiveness.
Aproximación al discurso de los medios digitales españoles sobre el eje geopolítico: Rusia-China
Authors: Martín Ávila Antonio Javier 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo del estudioEl siguiente artículo presenta los resultados de una aproximación analítica a un grupo representativo de diarios digitales españoles con la intención de contrastar si la negatividad de su discurso sobre del eje geopolítico Rusia-China es consecuencia de una selección interesada de informaciones desfavorables, o si por el contrario es el resultado natural de la cobertura de sus acontecimientos más destacados.
Diseño / Metodología / EnfoquePara conseguirlo, se ha realizado una investigación de carácter cualitativo que presta especial atención, primero, a la selección de un conjunto de textos periodísticos según una serie de criterios prefijados; segundo, al posterior análisis de la intencionalidad del discurso de los textos elegidos atendiendo al Análisis Crítico del Discurso –ACD–; y por último, a la conexión de ideas y conceptos que nos permite establecer unas conclusiones. El estudio se enfoca a su vez dentro del marco científico de la Economía Política de la Comunicación, y está basado en los fundamentos de los estudios en estructura de la información.
ResultadosLos textos periodísticos que tratan temas relacionados con el eje Rusia-China, y su supuesta amenaza de desestabilizar la democracia y el estado de bienestar de Occidente, son un enorme filón en términos de monetización para los propietarios de los diarios online. En consecuencia, los diarios digitales acentúan la tensión entre bloques geopolíticos y utilizan recursos lingüísticos cercanos al sensacionalismo.
Transient Myocardial Ischemia in a Case Post Intra-Muscular Adrenaline
Authors: Bawiskar Nipun , Rasheed Aamil , Bhagawati Jahnabi , Acharya Sourya 
Published: January 2022

Background: Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. Kounis syndrome is myocardial infarction or injury occurring in the setting of anaphylaxis and can also be due to the effects of epinephrine. Adrenaline is a common drug in the management of anaphylaxis but the electrocardiographic consequences of its administration post an attack are seldomly seen. Vasospasm is generally the cause for myocardial injury in an acute setting following the administration of epinephrine.
Case Presentation: A 21-year- old female developed sudden onset breathlessness and giddiness post vaccination with the oxford –AstraZeneca COVID -19 vaccine. She was administered 0.5 ml adrenaline (1:1000) intramuscularly on the lateral aspect of the left thigh, following which she complained of chest tightness and palpitations. This was accompanied by hypotension and global ST segment depression on her Electrocardiogram. The second electrocardiogram, done after 30 minutes showed a relative resolution in ST segment depressions with sinus rhythm in the one done at 16:00 hours. Creatine Kinase- MB and Troponin I were within normal limits and the patient experienced symptomatic improvement with normalization of blood pressure post fluid challenge.
Conclusion: This case report highlights the case of a young female with no comorbidities who developed transient myocardial ischemia after administration of intramuscular adrenalin in therapeutic dose in view of an anaphylactic reaction. The probable action is alpha mediated coronary vasospasm. The potential adverse effects in an acute setting are hence outlined in this case report without discouraging its use given the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Thymoquinone and Curcumin in Dosage form
Authors: Jagtap Prajakta , Mahajan Namrata , Parte Anjali , Pananchery Jeeja , Jain Ashish 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of work is to develop and validate simple, specific, accurate, precise HPLC method for the estimation of Curcumin (CUR) and Thymoquinone (THQ) simultaneously in bulk and its formulation as per ICH guidelines for analytical method development and validation.
Study Design: Developing RP-HPLC method using C-18 Inertsil column and optimization of variables for estimation of Thymoquinone and Curcumin in bulk and formulation.
Place and Duration of Study: The present work was carried out at Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Panvel in year 2021.
Methodology: The RP-HPLC method was developed with an isocratic condition of mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water in a ratio of (82:18) v/v, at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/minute over Inertsil ODS, 250× 4.6 mm, 5 µm column, at 30°C column oven temperature. Photodiode array at 256 nm was used for detection
Results: Retention time for curcumin and thymoquinone was found to be 3.5 and 4.3 mins respectively. The method showed excellent linear response in concentration range of 4-18 µg/mland 10-45 µg/mlfor thymoquinone and curcuminrespectively with correlation coefficient (R2) values of0.999 for both. System precision and method precision studies were less than the maximum allowable limit percentage of relative standard deviation ≤ 2.0 i.e., 1.61 % and 1.62 % for curcumin and 0.47 % and 0.42 % for thymoquinone respectively. Mean % Recovery for both the drugs were within acceptance limits. The developed and validated HPLC method is simple, accurate, precise and suitable for analysis as all the results were within acceptance criteria.
Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method at single wavelength was validated according to ICH guideline with respect to system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness and can be used for routine quality monitoring of drug in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Is unreliable science guiding bobcat management in Wyoming and other western U.S. states?
Authors: Murphy Sean M. , Eriksen‐Meier Susan , Robertson Lisa , Elbroch L. Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Wildlife managers require defensible and transparent population estimates to justify species management.

Statistical population reconstruction (SPR) is being widely adopted to estimate wildlife population sizes from hunter harvest data.

We assessed factors influencing variation in SPR population estimates produced for bobcats in Wyoming, USA. Specifically, we tested whether prey availability, hunter/trapper effort, the number of bobcats killed or the methods used to classify the age and sex of bobcats (‘classification protocol’) best explained changing SPR abundance estimates. We then quantified the relative magnitude of these effects on SPR model outputs.

Classification protocol had the strongest impact on SPR abundance estimates, such that a shift to visual age and sex classifications by trappers/hunters resulted in overestimates of bobcat abundance.

The Wyoming bobcat SPR population estimates were likely unreliable and we suggest that spatially explicit integrated population models may be a better approach to obtaining defensible estimates upon which to establish scientific management of this charismatic carnivore.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Gosmini Corinne , Auffrant Audrey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cobalt‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions are an essential class of reactions in organic synthesis. This economical and eco‐compatible attractive catalyst could replace, in some cases, the well‐established, expensive palladium and toxic nickel catalytic systems that still dominate the field. Moreover, the cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐electrophilic couplings are excellent tools to form CC bond, avoiding the synthesis of a stoichiometric organometallic species. Starting from electrophiles bearing different functional groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl halides, aryl triflates, alkenyl acetates, allyl acetates, and benzyl alcohols, different reactions have been developed efficiently by electrosynthesis or chemical processes. The conditions are generally mild, and good to excellent yields are obtained. No ligand or a commercial one is required. In the electrochemical process, an iron‐sacrificial anode is used, while manganese is the main reductant used in chemical processes. This chapter intends to demonstrate that cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions offer an excellent alternative to the usual catalysts and are sometimes superior. Some proposed mechanisms are also presented.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Mortality of Clinical and Subclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Population‐Based Cohort
Authors: Samhouri Bilal F. , Vassallo Robert , Achenbach Sara J. , Kronzer Vanessa L. , Davis John M. , Myasoedova Elena , Crowson Cynthia S. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD) and to assess time trends in the incidence and mortality in RA‐ILD.MethodsWe included adult residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota with incident RA between 1999 and 2014. Subjects were followed until death, emigration, or April 30, 2019. ILD was defined as the presence of a radiologist‐defined pattern consistent with ILD on chest computed tomography (CT). When chest CT was absent, the combination of chest radiograph abnormalities compatible with ILD and restrictive pattern on pulmonary function testing was considered consistent with ILD. Potential risk factors included age, sex, smoking, obesity, seropositivity, extraarticular manifestations (EAMs), and medications. For survival analysis, we matched RA‐ILD patients to RA–non‐ILD comparators. The frequency and mortality from clinician‐diagnosed RA‐ILD from 1999 to 2014 was compared against a cohort from 1955 to 1994.ResultsDuring the 1999–2014 time period, 645 individuals (70% women) had incident RA, were a median age of 55.3 years, and 53% never smoked. Twenty‐two patients had ILD before RA, and 51 (67% women) developed ILD during follow‐up. The 20‐year cumulative incidence of RA‐ILD was 15.3%. Ever‐smoking (hazard ratio [HR] 1.92), age at RA onset (HR 1.89 per 10‐year increase), and severe EAMs (HR 2.29) were associated with incident RA‐ILD. The RA‐ILD cases had higher mortality than their matched RA comparators (HR 2.42). Incidence of RA‐ILD was non‐significantly lower from 1999 to 2014 than from 1955 to1994, but mortality was improved.ConclusionsRA‐ILD occurs in nearly 1 in 6 patients with RA within 20 years and is associated with shorter survival. Lack of significant change in RA‐ILD incidence over 6 decades deserves further investigation.
A Spin‐Orbit Torque Ratchet at Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet Interface via Exchange Spring
Authors: Huang Yu‐Han , Yang Chao‐Yao , Cheng Chih‐Wei , Lee Albert , Tseng Chih‐Hsiang , Wu Hao , Pan Quanjun , Che Xiaoyu , Lai Chih‐Huang , Wang Kang‐Lang , Lin Hong‐Ji , Tseng Yuan‐Chieh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe antiferromagnet (AFM) and ferromagnet (FM) interface is a unique branch of magnetics of broad scientific interest. AFMs play an important role in spin‐orbit torque devices based on their ability to generate spin‐polarized current and exchange bias when combined with FMs. In this study, an interesting spin‐orbit torque (SOT) ratchet involving the exchange spring effect in an IrMn/CoFeB bilayer device with perpendicular anisotropy and exchange bias is developed. The combined use of electrical and spectroscopic analysis reveals that the exchange spring in IrMn/CoFeB bilayer yields unidirectional anisotropy, resulting in a collinear/orthogonal AFM/FM spin configuration at the interface upon switching CoFeB magnetization upward/downward. The ratcheting characteristics resulting from unidirectional anisotropy manifest in SOT switching. In this process, magnetization against the exchange spring features digital‐like switching with a sharp transition, whereas the reverse function is characteristic of analog switching with a gradual transition tail. The dual digital‐analog characteristics of the IrMn/CoFeB bilayer may be of benefit in neuromorphic and memory applications.
Five‐Membered‐Heterocycle Bridged Viologen with High Voltage and Superior Stability for Flow Battery
Authors: Huang Mingbao , Hu Shuzhi , Yuan Xianzhi , Huang Jinghua , Li Wenjin , Xiang Zhipeng , Fu Zhiyong , Liang Zhenxing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractViologen and its derivatives have been widely investigated as the electroactive materials in aqueous flow batteries (AFBs). The high redox potential of viologen poses a challenge to the AFB's energy density when used as the negative electrolyte. A molecular engineering strategy is developed by inserting an electron‐rich π‐bridge unit (viz. thiophene, furan) between the two pyridiniums to lower the redox potential. The resultant 1,1′‐bis[3‐(trimethylamonium)propyl]‐4,4′‐(2,5‐thiophenediyl)bispyridinium tetrachloride ((ATBPy)Cl4) and 1,1′‐bis[3‐(trimethylamonium)propyl]‐4,4′‐(2,5‐furandiyl)bispyridinium tetrachloride ((AFBPy)Cl4) are investigated by a variety of physiochemical methods to track the structure of the molecule and its evolution during the electrochemical reaction. A flow battery is assembled to verify the applicability of (ATBPy)Cl4 with 1‐(1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)‐1′‐(3‐(trimethylammonio)propyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium trichloride as the positive electrolyte. Run at the concentration of 1.0 m, the battery achieves a standard cell voltage of 1.51 V, capacity of 23.6 Ah L–1, energy efficiency of 85.7% at 60 mA cm–2, and a record peak power density of 302 mW cm–2, which outperform the reported viologen‐AFBs in literature. This work provides an effective strategy to develop electrochemically active compounds with tunable redox potential and superior chemical stability by molecule engineering.
Encapsulation of Primary Salivary Gland Acinar Cell Clusters and Intercalated Ducts (AIDUCs) within Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)‐Degradable Hydrogels to Maintain Tissue Structure and Function
Authors: Song Yuanhui , Sharipol Azmeer , Uchida Hitoshi , Ingalls Matthew H. , Piraino Lindsay , Mereness Jared A. , Moyston Tracey , DeLouise Lisa A. , Ovitt Catherine E. , Benoit Danielle S. W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProgress in the development of salivary gland regenerative strategies is limited by poor maintenance of the secretory function of salivary gland cells (SGCs) in vitro. To reduce the precipitous loss of secretory function, a modified approach to isolate intact acinar cell clusters and intercalated ducts (AIDUCs), rather than commonly used single cell suspension, is investigated. This isolation approach yields AIDUCs that maintain many of the cell–cell and cell‐matrix interactions of intact glands. Encapsulation of AIDUCs in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐degradable PEG hydrogels promotes self‐assembly into salivary gland mimetics (SGm) with acinar‐like structure. Expression of Mist1, a transcription factor associated with secretory function, is detectable throughout the in vitro culture period up to 14 days. Immunohistochemistry also confirms expression of acinar cell markers (NKCC1, PIP and AQP5), duct cell markers (K7 and K5), and myoepithelial cell markers (SMA). Robust carbachol and ATP‐stimulated calcium flux is observed within the SGm for up to 14 days after encapsulation, indicating that secretory function is maintained. Though some acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia is observed within SGm, it is reduced compared to previous reports. In conclusion, cell–cell interactions maintained within AIDUCs together with the hydrogel microenvironment may be a promising platform for salivary gland regenerative strategies.
Dielectric‐Modulated Biosensing with Ultrahigh‐Frequency‐Operated Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Tingxian , Boyle Aimee , Bahreman Azadeh , Bao Lei , Jing Qiushi , Xue Honglei , Kieltyka Roxanne , Kros Alexander , Schneider Grégory F. , Fu Wangyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to their excellent electrical properties and chemical stability, graphene field‐effect transistors (Gr‐FET) are extensively studied for biosensing applications. However, hinging on surface interactions of charged biomolecules, the sensitivity of Gr‐FET is hampered by ionic screening under physiological conditions with high salt concentrations up to frequencies as high as MHz. Here, an electrolyte‐gated Gr‐FET in reflectometry mode at ultrahigh frequencies (UHF, around 2 GHz), where the ionic screening is fully cancelled and the dielectric sensitivity of the device allows the Gr‐FET to directly function in high‐salt solutions, is configured. Strikingly, by simultaneous characterization using electrolyte gating and UHF reflectometry, the developed graphene biosensors offer unprecedented capability for real‐time monitoring of dielectric‐specified biomolecular/cell interactions/activities, with superior limit of detection compared to that of previously reported nanoscale high‐frequency sensors. These achievements highlight the unique potential of ultrahigh‐frequency operation for unblocking the true potential of graphene biosensors for point‐of‐care diagnostic.
PEG‐Like Brush Polymer Conjugate of RNA Aptamer That Shows Reversible Anticoagulant Activity and Minimal Immune Response
Authors: Ozer Imran , Pitoc George A. , Layzer Juliana M. , Moreno Angelo , Olson Lyra B. , Layzer Kyle D. , Hucknall Angus M. , Sullenger Bruce A. , Chilkoti Ashutosh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRibonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are an emerging class of drugs. RNA aptamers are of significant therapeutic and clinical interest because their activity can be easily reversed in vivo—a useful feature that is difficult to achieve using other therapeutic modalities. Despite their therapeutic promise, RNA aptamers are limited by their poor blood circulation. The attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to RNA aptamers addresses this limitation. However, an RNA aptamer‐PEG conjugate that is a reversible anticoagulant fails in a clinical trial due to the reactivity of the conjugate with pre‐existing PEG antibodies and has cast a pall over PEGylation of aptamers and other biologics, despite its long history of utility in drug delivery. Here, PEG antibody‐reactivity of this RNA aptamer is eliminated by conjugating it to a next‐generation PEG‐like brush polymer—poly[(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)] (POEGMA). The conjugate retained the drug's therapeutic action and the ability to be easily reversed. Importantly, this conjugate does not bind pre‐existing PEG antibodies that are prevalent in humans and does not induce a humoral immune response against the polymer itself in mice. These findings suggest a path to rescuing the PEGylation of RNA therapeutics and vaccines from the deleterious side‐effects of PEG.
Co Nanoparticles Encapsulated in N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Grafted CNTs as Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Chao , Ha Yuan , Mao Xin , Xu Weilan , Du Aijun , Wu Renbing , Chou Shulei , Zhang Haijiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe exploration of high‐efficiency and inexpensive electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of critical significance for renewable energy conversion. Herein, an in situ catalytic transformation strategy toward a unique hierarchical nanostructure is reported. In the architecture, Co nanoparticles encapsulated at the tip of bamboo‐like N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) are grafted on N‐doped polypyrrole‐derived CNTs. Thanks to the smart design of unique 3D architecture, the NPCN@Co‐NCNTs catalyst displays an extraordinary ORR activity in 0.1 m KOH solution (the onset and half‐wave potentials are 0.96 and 0.90 V vs RHE, respectively), which is similar to commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.99 and 0.88 V vs RHE, respectively). Meanwhile, the catalyst shows the low Tafel slope of 78 mV dec−1 and long‐time stability. Experimental and theoretical results verify that the improved ORR performance is mainly related to the existence of Co nanoparticles protected by pyridinic‐N‐doped carbon, which lowers the theoretical overpotential of ORR. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Pyridinic‐NCCo site is the reactive site with the lowest overpotential for ORR (0.57 V). These results unambiguously indicate that the NPCN@Co‐NCNTs represent a low‐cost yet high‐efficiency electrocatalyst for the electrocatalytic ORR.