bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breccia characteristics and classification of the GW orebodies, Balatoc Diatreme, Philippines: Insights to breccia facies and distribution across diatremes
Authors: Figueroa Acer Jian T. , Gabo‐Ratio Jillian Aira S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA careful descriptive characterization of breccias, including diatremes, is useful for comparative purposes during exploration, rather than the colloquial use of various breccia terminology in ore exploration. Here, we present the first detailed breccia characterization of the Balatoc Diatreme‐hosted GW orebodies in the Acupan deposit, Philippines. Three breccia types are identified from descriptive classification of the GW orebodies. GW 3/13, located at the northwestern rim of the diatreme, is a medium‐ to coarse‐grained rotational, quartz‐cemented diorite breccia, whereas GW 11, at the eastern portion of the diatreme, is a medium‐ to coarse‐grained mosaic calcite‐cemented andesite breccia. Both GW orebodies located at the southwestern portion of the diatreme, GW 4/7 and GW 6, are medium‐ to coarse‐grained rotational quartz‐cemented polymict breccias. The breccia facies and distribution emplaced during a single event include: (a) Crackle breccias proximal to the unbrecciated host rocks. (b) Mosaic breccia facies along the contact between the surrounding host rocks and orebody. (c) Rotational breccia facies near the outline of the diatreme. At Balatoc, the mineralized GW orebodies are characterized by mosaic and rotational clast distributions, suggesting that these breccia types are priority targets in ore exploration. Recognizing these various breccia types in other deposits may serve as an exploration vector to determine their position in a diatreme‐hosted deposit.
Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Contraceptive Use Discontinuation in India
Authors: Upadhyay Ashish Kumar , Kumar Kaushalendra , James K. S. , Mcdougal Lotus , Raj Anita , Singh Abhishek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch on the association between experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and contraceptive use discontinuation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study aims to fill this important gap using microdata collected from women aged 15–49 in the 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Analyses used multivariable multinomial logistic regressions stratified by long‐acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARC)/non‐LARC and condom/pill to examine the association between experience of IPV and contraceptive use discontinuation while still in need (DWSIN). Experience of physical violence was associated with DWSIN among LARC/IUD users (RRR: 3.73, 95 percent CI [1.55–8.95]) Among condom users, DWSIN was higher among women who experienced emotional violence compared with women who did not experience any violence (RRR: 4.16, 95 percent CI [1.59–10.90]). Although we did not find an association between IPV and overall contraceptive use discontinuation, we did find compelling evidence of an association between IPV and IUD and condom use discontinuation in India. There is a need to understand women's experience of IPV as a part of a broader strategy to provide high‐quality family planning services to all women while considering individual circumstances and reproductive aspirations to support the uninterrupted use of contraception in India.
Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains
Authors: Taylor Ian M. , Whiteley Summer , Ferguson Richard A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe desire‐goal motivational conflict helps explain endurance performance; however, the physiological concomitants are unknown. The present study examined disturbances in desire to reduce effort and performance goal value across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains, demarcated by the first (LT1) and second (LT2) lactate thresholds. In addition, the within‐person relationships among blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and desire‐goal conflict were examined.MethodsThirty participants (53% female, Mage = 21.03 years; SD = 2.06 years) completed an incremental cycling exercise test, in which work rate was increased by 25 watts every four minutes, until voluntary exhaustion or sufficient data from the severe intensity domain had been collected. Desire to reduce effort, performance goal value, blood lactate concentration (for determination of LT1 and LT2), and heart rate were measured at the end of each stage and analyzed using multilevel models.ResultsThe desire to reduce effort increased over the exercise test with additional shifts and accelerations after each lactate threshold. The performance goal did not show general declines, nor did it shift at LT1. However, the performance goal value shifted at LT2, and the rate of change increased at both thresholds. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration positively correlated with the desire to reduce effort and negatively correlated with the performance goal. Within‐person variation in heart rate correlated with desire to reduce effort but not the performance goal.ConclusionTransitioning through both lactate thresholds is important phases for motivation during progressive exercise, particularly for the desire to reduce effort. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration is more influential for motivation, compared with heart rate.
Large-magnitude oceanic intraplate seismicity: Implications for lithosphere evolution
Authors: Zhu Junjiang , Li Sanzhong , Xing Huilin , Wang Changsheng , Yang Guoming , Xiong Zixiang , Zhang Shengsheng , Cao Xianzhi 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We analyzed 37 large oceanic intraplate earthquakes (M &gt;6). The largest (M &gt;7) are mainly concentrated under the Indian Ocean. Moderate events (6 &lt; M &lt; 7) are sparsely distributed under the Indian Ocean and other oceans where lithospheric ages are between 90 Ma and 20 Ma. Oceanic intraplate events related to mantle plumes or hotspots are rare, though low-velocity anomalies beneath hotspots are a common feature. Tomographic cross sections for Indian Ocean areas with large intraplate earthquakes indicate strong heterogeneity in the mantle. These earthquakes are explained by shallow stress variations caused by a combination of tectonic forces including slab-pull, ridge-push, drag by mantle flow, plume-push, and buoyancy forces as a consequence of low-velocity anomalies in the mantle. Oceanic intraplate seismicity in the Indian Ocean is related to the large-scale, low-velocity anomaly structure around the Ninety East Ridge.
Knowledge translation strategies for policy and action focused on sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and well-being: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Curran Janet A , Gallant Allyson J , Wong Helen , Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Urquhart Robin , Kontak Julia , Wozney Lori , Boulos Leah , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Langlois Etienne V 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify knowledge translation (KT) strategies aimed at improving sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) and well-being.DesignRapid scoping review.Search strategyA comprehensive and peer-reviewed search strategy was developed and applied to four electronic databases: MEDLINE ALL, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. Additional searches of grey literature were conducted to identify KT strategies aimed at supporting SRMNCAH. KT strategies and policies published in English from January 2000 to May 2020 onwards were eligible for inclusion.ResultsOnly 4% of included 90 studies were conducted in low-income countries with the majority (52%) conducted in high-income countries. Studies primarily focused on maternal newborn or child health and well-being. Education (81%), including staff workshops and education modules, was the most commonly identified intervention component from the KT interventions. Low-income and middle-income countries were more likely to include civil society organisations, government and policymakers as stakeholders compared with high-income countries. Reported barriers to KT strategies included limited resources and time constraints, while enablers included stakeholder involvement throughout the KT process.ConclusionWe identified a number of gaps among KT strategies for SRMNCAH policy and action, including limited focus on adolescent, sexual and reproductive health and rights and SRMNCAH financing strategies. There is a need to support stakeholder engagement in KT interventions across the continuum of SRMNCAH services. Researchers and policymakers should consider enhancing efforts to work with multisectoral stakeholders to implement future KT strategies and policies to address SRMNCAH priorities.RegistrationThe rapid scoping review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework on 16 June 2020 (https://osf.io/xpf2k).
Acceptability and efficacy of the Zemedy app versus a relaxation training and meditation app for IBS: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hunt Melissa G , Dalvie Anika , Ipek Simay , Wasman Ben 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, and impairs health-related quality of life (HRQL). Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for IBS, but access to treatment remains low. Our proposed solution is a CBT-based smartphone app, Zemedy.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial of Zemedy (V.2.0) uses an education and relaxation training active control app meant to simulate treatment as usual. A target N of 300 participants complete baseline questionnaires and consent at screening, and are then allocated to either the immediate treatment (Zemedy) or the active control. Treatment lasts 8 weeks, after which both groups complete the same battery used at baseline, and the control group is crossed over to Zemedy. After another 8 weeks, the crossed-over participants will be surveyed once more. Follow-up questionnaires are administered at 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Primary outcomes include gastrointestinal symptom severity and HRQL. Clinically significant change will be defined as post-treatment scores falling within 2 SD of the healthy mean. Analysis will include intent-to-treat between-groups comparisons, controlling for baseline symptom severity, as well as moderation and mediation analyses. We hypothesise that the Zemedy app will outperform the active control app in reducing IBS symptom severity and improving HRQL.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pennsylvania. Results will provide essential information on the efficacy and acceptability of an app-based CBT treatment for IBS. The data gathered may help establish the Zemedy app as an empirically supported intervention for IBS and will assist funding bodies in deciding whether to invest in its further development and dissemination. The results will be disseminated to patients with IBS via the media and the company website, to healthcare professionals via professional training (e.g. webinars and grand rounds talks) and to researchers via conferences and publications.Trial registration numberNCT04665271 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04665271).
Cost-utility analysis of LEGO based therapy for school children and young people with autism spectrum disorder: results from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Han-I , Wright Barry Debenham , Bursnall Matthew , Cooper Cindy , Kingsley Ellen , Le Couteur Ann , Teare Dawn , Biggs Katie , McKendrick Kirsty , de la Cuesta Gina Gomez , Chater Tim , Barr Amy , Solaiman Kiera , Packham Anna , Marshall David , Varley Danielle , Nekooi Roshanak , Gilbody Simon , Parrott Steve 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the cost-effectiveness of LEGO-based therapy compared with usual support.DesignCost-utility analysis alongside randomised control trial.SettingMainstream primary and secondary schools in the UK.Participants248 children and young people (CYP) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 7–15 years.InterventionLEGO-based therapy is a group social skills intervention designed specifically for CYP with ASD. Through play, CYP learn to use the skills such as joint attention, sharing, communication and group problem-solving. CYP randomised to the intervention arm received 12 weekly sessions of LEGO-based therapy and usual support, while CYP allocated to control arm received usual support only.Main outcome measuresAverage costs based on National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services perspective and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) measured by EQ-5D-Y over time horizon of 1 year were collected during the trial. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated, and non-parametric bootstrapping was conducted. The uncertainty around the ICER estimates was presented using cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC). A set of sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the primary findings.ResultsAfter adjustment and bootstrapping, on average, CYP in LEGO-based therapy group incurred less costs (incremental cost was −£251 (95% CI −£752 to £268)) and gained marginal improvement in QALYs (QALYs gained 0.009 (95% CI −0.008 to 0.028)). The CEAC shows that the probability of LEGO-based therapy being cost-effective was 94% at the willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained. Results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary outcomes.ConclusionCompared with usual support, LEGO-based therapy produced marginal reduction in costs and improvement in QALYs. Results from both primary and sensitivity analyses suggested that LEGO-based therapy was likely to be cost-effective.Trial registration numberISRCTN64852382.
Subgroup effects of non-surgical and non-pharmacological treatment of patients with hand osteoarthritis: a protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Thissen Giesleen C E , van Middelkoop Marienke , Colaris Joost W , Selles Ruud W , Dziedzic Krysia , Nicholls Elaine , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionHand osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder in the adult population. No cure for hand OA is known yet, but treatment aims to reduce symptoms. Non-surgical and non-pharmacological therapy interventions can include splinting, patient education, and strengthening and range of movement exercises. However, it is still unclear which treatment is most beneficial for which patient. This study aims to identify subgroups of patients with hand OA that benefit most from the different non-surgical and non-pharmacological treatments.Methods and analysisWe will conduct an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis by extracting IPD of eligible published randomised controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic literature search through Embase, Medline and Cochrane was performed on 8 February 2021. The primary outcome will be hand pain, and our secondary outcomes are objective and subjective hand physical functions. Subgroups include age, sex, body mass index, hypermobility and other comorbidities, pain medication, occupation, baseline pain, erosive OA, type and the number of hand joints involved, radiological severity of OA, and duration of symptoms. IPD of RCTs with homogeneous treatment interventions will be pooled and analysed using a two-stage approach to evaluate treatment effect on different subgroups.Ethics and disseminationNo new data will be collected, so research ethical or governance approval is exempt. Findings will be disseminated via national and international conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals, and summaries posted on websites accessed by the public and clinicians.
Short-course neoadjuvant in situ vaccination for murine melanoma
Authors: Aiken Taylor J , Komjathy David , Rodriguez Matthew , Stuckwisch Ashley , Feils Arika , Subbotin Vladimir , Birstler Jen , Gillies Stephen D , Rakhmilevich Alexander L , Erbe Amy K , Sondel Paul M 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSurgical resection remains an important component of multimodality treatment for most solid tumors. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has several potential advantages, including in-situ tumor vaccination and pathologic assessment of response in the surgical specimen. We previously described an in-situ tumor vaccination strategy in melanoma using local radiation (RT) and an intratumoral injection of tumor-specific anti-GD2 immunocytokine (IT-IC). Here we tested whether neoadjuvant in-situ tumor vaccination using anti-GD2 immunocytokine and surgical resection, without RT, could generate immunologic memory capable of preventing recurrence or distant metastasis.MethodsMice bearing GD2 expressing B78 melanoma tumors were treated with neoadjuvant radiation, IT-IC, or combined RT + IT-IC. Surgical resection was performed following neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Immune infiltrate was assessed in the resection specimens. Mice were rechallenged with either B78 contralateral flank tumors or pulmonary seeding of non-GD2 expressing B16 melanoma metastasis induced experimentally. Rejection of rechallenge in mice treated with the various treatment regimens was considered evidence of immunologic memory.ResultsNeoadjuvant IT-IC and surgical resection resulted in increased CD8 T cell infiltration, a higher CD8:regulatory T cell ratio, and immunologic memory against contralateral flank rechallenge. The timing of resection did not significantly impact the development of memory, which was present as early as the day of surgery. There was less local wound toxicity with neoadjuvant IT-IC compared with neoadjuvant RT +IT IC. Neoadjuvant IT-IC and resection resulted in the rejection of B16 lung metastasis in a CD4 T cell dependent manner.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant IT-IC generates immunologic memory capable of preventing distant metastasis despite limited efficacy against large primary melanoma tumors. By combining neoadjuvant tumor vaccination and surgery, the toxicity of local RT was avoided. These preclinical data support further investigation regarding the use of neoadjuvant IT-IC in patients with melanoma at high risk for occult distant disease.
Electrospinning to Prepare Nanostructured Photocatalysts and Photoelectrodes
Authors: Einert Marcus , Bloesser André , Marschall Roland 
Published: January 2022

Electrospinning is a well-known, simple and fast method to prepare polymer fibers with diameters of 100-500 nm and lengths up to several micrometers.[1] Since for many semiconductor materials the charge carrier diffusion length is a critical parameter restricting photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical performance, we use the electrospinning approach to prepare nanostructured metal oxide nanofibers.[2] Directly after electrospinning, such nanofibers still contain spinning polymer, after calcination crystalline metal oxide nanofibers with diameter of 100-200 nm can be prepared.[3] Using the electrospinning technique, it is also possible to prepare fibrous photoelectrodes directly onto conducting substrates in a one step process.[4,5]
Nanofibers of the (111)-layered perovskite materials Ba5Ta4O15 are built up from small single crystals, and are able to generate hydrogen without any co-catalyst in photocatalytic reformation of methanol. After photodeposition of Rh-Cr2O3 co-catalysts, the nanofibers show better activity in overall water splitting compared to sol–gel-derived powders.[3]
Hollow a-Fe2O3 nanofibers and core–shell-like a-Fe2O3/indium-tin oxide (ITO) nanofiber composites were utilized as a photoanode for solar water splitting, the latter showing a doubled photocurrent compared to the hollow fiber photoanodes. This can be most likely be attributed to fast interfacial charge carrier exchange between the highly conductive ITO nanoparticles and a-Fe2O3, thus inhibiting the recombination of the electron–hole pairs in the semiconductor by spatial separation.[4]
CuO photocathodes were directly prepared via electrospinning onto FTO, and calcination studies were performed to systematically characterize their crystallographic and structural evolution.[5] The higher the annealing temperature, the more developed are the crystalline domains of the nanofibers, which results in better conductivity and less defect sites serving as trap states for the photo-excited charge carriers. Hence, the CuO nanofiber photocathodes annealed at 800 °C showed the highest photoresponse and stability. No decrease in the photocurrent density after prolonged operation in aqueous electrolyte was observed.
References
[1] A. Greiner, J. H. Wendorff, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5670-5703.
[2] R. Ostermann, J. Cravillon, C. Weidmann, M. Wiebcke, B. M. Smarsly, Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 442-444.
[3] N. C. Hildebrandt, J. Soldat, R. Marschall, Small
2015, 11, 2051–2057.
[4] M. Einert, R. Ostermann, T. Weller, S. Zellmer, G. Garnweitner, B. M. Smarsly, R. Marschall, J. Mater. Chem. A
2016, 4, 18444-18456.
[5] M. Einert, T. Weller, T. Leichtweiss, B. M. Smarsly, R. Marschall, Chem. Photo. Chem. 2017, 1, 326-340.

Figure 1
Electrodeposited Thin Conformal TiO2 Coating Enabling Stable Operation of BiVO4 Photoanodes in Basic Media
Authors: Lee Dongho , Choi Kyoung-Shin 
Published: January 2022

Producing hydrogen via solar water splitting using a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) persists as one of the most exciting research topics in the field of solar fuels. The construction of efficient PECs requires the integration of multiple components including a photoanode, a photocathode, an oxygen evolution catalyst, and a hydrogen evolution catalyst. Therefore, the compatibility and stability of all of these elements in a given operating condition are crucial. When the stability of a semiconductor electrode used as the photoanode or photocathode is limited in an acidic or basic condition which is optimum for the operation of the other components, a thin protective layer has been deposited on the semiconductor surface to prevent its chemical dissolution. Surface coating of a thin and conformal TiO2 layer has been proven to be successful for protecting photoelectrodes since TiO2 is chemically and electrochemically stable in a wide range of pH conditions under both anodic and cathodic conditions.
In order to prevent the semiconductor surface from coming into direct contact with the corrosive electrolyte, complete coverage of the photoelectrode with TiO2 is required. At the same time, the TiO2 layer should be thin enough not to interfere with the charge transport properties of the photoelectrode. As a result, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been the only successful tool used to date to produce an effective protective layer. However, the slow processing time and economic viability of ALD methods motivated us to develop an inexpensive and facile solution-based synthesis method for the deposition of high quality TiO2 coating layers.
In this presentation, we report a new electrochemical method to deposit a thin and conformal TiO2 layer on nanoporous BiVO4 that has an intricate, high surface area morphology. BiVO4 is a promising n-type photoanode material with a relatively low bandgap (2.4~2.5 eV). However, its usage has been limited to neutral and mildly basic conditions (pH 5~9) because it is chemically unstable in strongly acidic and basic conditions. Our method allows for the deposition of a 5~6 nm thick TiO2 layer on BiVO4 within 1 min and the resulting BiVO4/TiO2 electrodes exhibit chemical stability in basic solutions (pH 12~13). Sulfite oxidation measurements of BiVO4 and BiVO4/TiO2 electrodes show that the thin TiO2 protective layer does not significantly reduce the hole transfer to the electrolyte. Finally, we demonstrate the photoelectrochemical stability of the BiVO4/TiO2 electrode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation in basic solutions by coupling the BiVO4/TiO2 electrode with appropriate oxygen evolution catalysts.