bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Energetics in Skeletal Muscle Are Associated With Leg Power and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging
Authors: Mau Theresa , Lui Li-Yung , Distefano Giovanna , Kramer Philip A , Ramos Sofhia V , Toledo Frederico G S , Santanasto Adam J , Shankland Eric G , Marcinek David J , Jurczak Michael J , Sipula Ian , Bello Fiona M , Duchowny Kate A , Molina Anthony J A , Sparks Lauren M , Goodpaster Bret H , Hepple Russell T , Kritchevsky Stephen B , Newman Anne B , Cawthon Peggy M , Cummings Steven R , Coen Paul M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial energetics are an important property of aging muscle, as generation of energy is pivotal to the execution of muscle contraction. However, its association with functional outcomes, including leg power and cardiorespiratory fitness, is largely understudied.

Methods
In the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging, we collected vastus lateralis biopsies from older adults (n = 879, 70–94 years, 59.2% women). Maximal State 3 respiration (Max OXPHOS) was assessed in permeabilized fiber bundles by high-resolution respirometry. Capacity for maximal adenosine triphosphate production (ATPmax) was measured in vivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Leg extension power was measured with a Keiser press system, and VO2 peak was determined using a standardized cardiopulmonary exercise test. Gender-stratified multivariate linear regression models were adjusted for age, race, technician/site, adiposity, and physical activity with beta coefficients expressed per 1-SD increment in the independent variable.

Results
Max OXPHOS was associated with leg power for both women (β = 0.12 Watts/kg, p &lt; .001) and men (β = 0.11 Watts/kg, p &lt; .050). ATPmax was associated with leg power for men (β = 0.09 Watts/kg, p &lt; .05) but was not significant for women (β = 0.03 Watts/kg, p = .11). Max OXPHOS and ATPmax were associated with VO2 peak in women and men (Max OXPHOS, β women = 1.03 mL/kg/min, β men = 1.32 mL/kg/min; ATPmax β women = 0.87 mL/kg/min, β men = 1.50 mL/kg/min; all p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Higher muscle mitochondrial energetics measures were associated with both better cardiorespiratory fitness and greater leg power in older adults. Muscle mitochondrial energetics explained a greater degree of variance in VO2 peak compared to leg power.
Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Dementia Incidence in Older Adults: A Cross-Country Comparison in England, the United States, and China
Authors: Kontari Panagiota , Fife-Schaw Chris , Smith Kimberley 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
There is mixed evidence for an association between cardiometabolic risk factors and dementia incidence. This study aimed to determine whether different latent classes of cardiometabolic conditions were associated with dementia risk in older adults across England, the United States, and China.

Methods
A total of 4 511 participants aged 50 and older were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), 5 112 from Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and 9 022 from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Latent class analyses were performed across each data set utilizing 7 baseline cardiometabolic conditions: obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hyperglycemia, diabetes, and inflammation. Confounder-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regressions were conducted to estimate dementia incidence by cardiometabolic latent classes.

Results
Three similar cardiometabolic classes were identified across all countries: (i) “relatively healthy/healthy obesity,” (ii) “obesity–hypertension,” and (iii) “complex cardiometabolic.” Across the 3 samples, a total of 1 230 individuals developed dementia over a median of 6.8–12.2 years. Among ELSA and HRS participants, the “complex cardiometabolic” group had a higher dementia risk when compared to the “healthy obesity” groups (England: adjusted hazard ratio [AdjHR] = 1.62 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.11–2.37]; United States: AdjHR = 1.31 [95% CI = 1.02–1.68]). However, in CHARLS participants, the “obesity–hypertension” group had a greater risk of dementia when compared to the “relatively healthy” group (AdjHR = 1.28 [95% CI = 1.04–1.57]).

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that in western populations, complex cardiometabolic clusters are associated with higher rates of dementia incidence, whereas in a Chinese sample, a different cardiometabolic profile seems to be linked to an increased risk of dementia.
With COVID Comes Complexity: Assessing the Implementation of Family Visitation Programs in Long-Term Care
Authors: Chamberlain Stephanie A , Warner Grace , Andrew Melissa K , Hande Mary Jean , Hubley Emily , Weeks Lori E , Keefe Janice M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic visitor restrictions to long-term care facilities have demonstrated that eliminating opportunities for family-resident contact has devastating consequences for residents’ quality of life. Our study aimed to understand how public health directives to support family visitations during the pandemic were navigated, managed, and implemented by staff.Research Design and MethodsGuided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we conducted video/telephone interviews with 54 direct care and implementation staff in six long-term care homes in two Canadian provinces to assess implementation barriers and facilitators of visitation programs. Equity and inclusion issues were examined in the program’s implementation.ResultsDespite similar public health directives, implementation varied by facility, largely influenced by the existing culture and processes of the facility and the staff understanding of the program; differences resulted in how designated family members were chosen and restrictions around visitations (e.g., scheduling and location). Facilitators of implementation were good communication networks, leadership, and intentional planning to develop the visitor designation processes. However, the lack of consultation with direct care staff led to logistical challenges around visitation and ignited conflict around visitation rules and procedures.Discussion and ImplicationsInsights into the complexities of implementing family visitation programs during a pandemic are discussed, and opportunities for improvement are identified. Our results reveal the importance of proactively including direct care staff and family in planning for future outbreaks.
Elastic immersive wave experimentation
Authors: Li Xun , Robertsson Johan , van Manen Dirk-Jan 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
We describe an elastic wave propagation laboratory that enables a solid object to be artificially immersed within an extended (numerical) environment such that a physical wave propagation experiment carried out in the solid drives the propagation in the extended (numerical) environment and vice versa. The underlying method of elastic immersive wave experimentation for such a laboratory involves deploying arrays of active multicomponent sources at the traction-free surface of the solid (e.g. a cube of granitic rock). These sources are used to accomplish two tasks: (1) cancel outgoing waves and (2) emit ingoing waves representing the first-order interactions between the physical and extended domains, computed using, for example, a finite-difference (FD) method. Higher-order interactions can be built by alternately carrying out the processes for cancelling the outgoing waves and the FD simulations for generating the ingoing waves. We validate the proposed iterative scheme for realizing elastic immersive wave experimentation using 2-D synthetic wave experiments.
Design rules: past and future
Authors: Baldwin Carliss Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is a great honor to have a special issue of Industrial and Corporate Change dedicated to The Power of Modularity Today: 20 Years of “Design Rules.” In this retrospective article, I will give some background on how Design Rules, Volume 1: The Power of Modularity came to be written and list what I believe were its major contributions. I go on to describe the book’s shortcomings and gaps, which prevented the widespread adoption of the tools and methods the book proposed. I then explain how the perception of the gaps influenced my thinking in Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations.
Labour Protection of Platform Workers in China: Legal Innovations and Emerging Trends
Authors: Xie Zengyi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At present, there are as many as tens of millions of digital platform workers in China, and their number is growing rapidly. However, the protection of platform workers’ rights still faces many challenges. In recent years, China’s judicial and administrative authorities and trade unions have made many efforts to strengthen labour protection for platform workers. Many innovative measures have been introduced, which strive to find a balance between the development of the platform economy on the one hand and worker protection on the other. The introduction of a number of significant administrative and legislative measures in 2021 suggests that the protection of platform workers occupies a more important position than before. Courts and labour arbitration institutions have introduced new factors into consideration in the determination of employment relationship in some cases, although they in general still apply the traditional definition and methods of determination of the employment relationship. Administrative organs have put forward the new concept of the ‘incomplete labour relationship’ (Bu Wanquan Fuhe Queli Laodong Guanxi Qingxing, referring to the situation in which the parties do not completely meet the conditions for the formation of a labour relationship), as part of administrative guidance to platform companies in the form of ‘guiding opinions’. The Trade Union Law has been amended in a timely way to clarify that platform workers can join and establish trade unions. In addition, pilot projects have been launched in some areas to provide occupational injury protection to platform workers. The main feature of the labour protection of platform workers in China is that the administrative organs have played a leading role. At present, the main challenge is to improve the imperfect legislation. The way forward is to formulate special laws to further clarify the basic rights of platform workers, including algorithm-related rights, and to improve the rules on the determining of employment status in platform work, so as to enhance legal certainty and ensure effective protection for platform workers.
Antibodies Produced in Response to a Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccine Are Functional in Activating the Complement System
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo J M , Norwood Brooke , Kpamegan Eloi , Parker Allan , Fernandes Jesuina , Perez-Guzman Erick , Tricou Vianney , Braun Ralph , Sharma Mayuri , Dean Hansi J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Antibody-driven complement system (CS) activation has been associated with protection against symptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infection. Aggregation, opsonization, lysis, and phagocytosis are mechanisms triggered by antibody-antigen immunocomplexes following fixation of the component 1q (C1q) and activation of the classical pathway. As a result, DENV neutralization and clearance are facilitated, whereas antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is inhibited. We investigated the ability of antibodies produced in response to Takeda's dengue vaccine candidate, TAK-003, to fix C1q and activate CS.

Methods
Serum samples were collected from seronegative and seropositive participants in a phase 2 clinical trial (DEN-203), pre- and postvaccination. Samples were evaluated for the presence of complement-fixing antibodies (CFAs) against DENV using a Luminex multiplex-based immunoassay.

Results
TAK-003 elicited production of CFAs against all 4 DENV serotypes, which persisted for 1 year postvaccination, irrespective of baseline serostatus. CFA levels were correlated with neutralizing antibody titers and virus-binding total IgG and IgG1 concentrations. Furthermore, efficiency of CFA fixation was greater in samples with higher polyclonal IgG avidity.

Conclusions
These results indicate that antibodies produced after TAK-003 vaccination are functional in both activating CS and neutralizing virus infection by all DENV serotypes, which may contribute to efficacy of TAK-003.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01511250.
Oxidative DNA Damage by N4-hydroxycytidine, a Metabolite of the SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Molnupiravir
Authors: Kobayashi Hatasu , Mori Yurie , Ahmed Sharif , Hirao Yuichiro , Kato Shinya , Kawanishi Shosuke , Murata Mariko , Oikawa Shinji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Molnupiravir is an antiviral agent recently used for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we demonstrate that N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a molnupiravir metabolite, treated with cytidine deaminase (CDA) induced Cu(II)-mediated oxidative DNA damage in isolated DNA. A colorimetric assay revealed hydroxylamine generation from CDA-treated NHC. The site specificity of DNA damage also suggested involvement of hydroxylamine in the damage. Furthermore, Cu(I) and H2O2 play an important role in the DNA damage. We propose oxidative DNA damage via CDA-mediated metabolism as a possible mutagenic mechanism of NHC, highlighting the need for careful risk assessment of molnupiravir use in therapies for viral diseases, including COVID-19.
Current challenges for evaluating mobile health applications
Authors: Alon Noy , Torous John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs mobile health applications continue to proliferate without clear regulation, the need for app evaluation frameworks to offer guidance to patients and clinicians also expands. However, this expanding number of app evaluation frameworks itself can be a source of confusion and often contradictory recommendations. In pursuit of better frameworks that offer innovation for app evaluation, we present 4 challenges that app evaluation frameworks must overcome as well as examples from our own experience toward overcoming them. The recommendations are applicable to all health apps from any field of medicine, although we use examples from mental health as they are illustrative.
Effects of nursing a large litter and ovarian response to gonadotropins at weaning on subsequent fertility in first parity sows
Authors: Arend Lidia S , Vinas Raquel F , Silva Gustavo S , Lower Aaron J , Connor Joseph F , Knox Robert V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Post-weaning fertility failures occur more often in parity 1 (P1) sows due to high metabolic demands for lactation and their inability to meet energy requirements for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. We hypothesized that body condition loss occurs more frequently in P1 sows nursing a large litter, resulting in impairment of ovarian follicle development during lactation and post-weaning, which can negatively impact estrus and subsequent fertility. At 24 h post-farrowing, P1 sows (n = 123) were assigned to treatment (TRT) based on sow weight and the number of functional teats to receive a high number (HN, 15 to 16) or low number (LN, 12) of nursing piglets. At weaning, sows in each TRT were assigned to receive PG600 or None (Control). During lactation, sow body measures were obtained and ovarian follicles were assessed in mid-lactation and post-weaning. Lactation data were analyzed for the effects of TRT, and fertility data after weaning were assessed for TRT x PG600, but there were no interactions (P &gt; 0.10). During lactation, 22.2 % of HN sows lost ≥ 4 piglets due to death or removal, and so these sows were excluded from further analysis. The HN sows were lighter (−6.2 kg), had less backfat (−1.0 mm), had lower body condition score (−0.4), and lost more nursing piglets (−1.2) than LN sows (P &lt; 0.05). However, HN sows weaned more pigs (14.0) than LN sows (11.0). There was no effect of TRT on wean to estrus interval (4.2 d), but the interval was 0.5 days shorter for PG600 (P = 0.004) than control. There were no effects of TRT or PG600 on estrus within seven days after weaning (87.3 %), but PG600 induced smaller (P = 0.002) follicles at estrus (6.7 mm) than control (7.3 mm). In the subsequent parity, there were no effects of TRT or PG600 on farrowing rate (93.9%) and total born (13.2). Overall, HN sows lost more piglets and body condition but still weaned more pigs without any detrimental effects on subsequent reproductive performance.
Source Area of the Immigrant Population of Beet Webworm (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Mamut Marzeya , Wang Hui-Qing , Li Jing , Ji Rong , Chen Xiao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a destructive pest inhabiting the northern temperate zone. In Xinjiang, China, this species has only occasionally infested certain areas, but has been causing severe damage since 2005. Early studies showed that most of the outbreak populations in northern Xinjiang are immigrant populations. However, the specific source area is still unknown. In this study, we determined the source area of the immigrant population of L. sticticalis in northern Xinjiang from 2010 to 2013 using daily monitoring data of L. sticticalis adults; we explained the causation of why an overwintering area of L. sticticalis could build up in Central Asia. Results showed that the direct source area of L. sticticalis in northern Xinjiang was eastern Kazakhstan, and the initial source area could be traced further to Altai Krai, Russia. Both regions were located at the foothills of the westernmost portion of Altai Mountains. The thermal conditions in these regions could not support L. sticticalis development for two generations before 1990. Hence, a few cocoons could be formed in the autumn. Influenced by global warming, L. sticticalis in these regions could complete two whole generations most years after 2001. The increased generation number, combined with sufficient precipitation, and mountainous terrain in the westernmost portion of Altai Mountains have created an overwintering area for L. sticticalis.
Decellularized extracellular matrix as scaffold for cancer organoid cultures of colorectal peritoneal metastases
Authors: Varinelli Luca , Guaglio Marcello , Brich Silvia , Zanutto Susanna , Belfiore Antonino , Zanardi Federica , Iannelli Fabio , Oldani Amanda , Costa Elisa , Chighizola Matteo , Lorenc Ewelina , Minardi Simone P , Fortuzzi Stefano , Filugelli Martina , Garzone Giovanna , Pisati Federica , Vecchi Manuela , Pruneri Giancarlo , Kusamura Shigeki , Baratti Dario , Cattaneo Laura , Parazzoli Dario , Podestà Alessandro , Milione Massimo , Deraco Marcello , Pierotti Marco A , Gariboldi Manuela 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTPeritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with poor survival. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in modulating the homing of CRC metastases to the peritoneum. The mechanisms underlying the interactions between metastatic cells and the ECM, however, remain poorly understood, and the number of in vitro models available for the study of the peritoneal metastatic process is limited. Here, we show that decellularized ECM of the peritoneal cavity allows the growth of organoids obtained from PM, favoring the development of three-dimensional (3D) nodules that maintain the characteristics of in vivo PM. Organoids preferentially grow on scaffolds obtained from neoplastic peritoneum, which are characterized by greater stiffness than normal scaffolds. A gene expression analysis of organoids grown on different substrates reflected faithfully the clinical and biological characteristics of the organoids. An impact of the ECM on the response to standard chemotherapy treatment for PM was also observed. The ex vivo 3D model, obtained by combining patient-derived decellularized ECM with organoids to mimic the metastatic niche, could be an innovative tool to develop new therapeutic strategies in a biologically relevant context to personalize treatments.
Adverse Drug Reactions to Anti-infectives in Hospitalized Children: A Multicenter Study in Brazil
Authors: Feitosa Ramos Sheila , de Barros Fernandes Thais , Carlos Araújo Dyego , Rodrigues Furtado Leitzke Luísa , Gomes Alexandre Júnior Ronaldo , Morais de Araújo Janaína , Sales de Souza Júnior Alcidésio , Heineck Isabela , Maria de França Fonteles Marta , Osorio-de-Castro Claudia G S , Bracken Louise E , Peak Matthew , Pereira de Lyra Junior Divaldo , Costa Lima Elisangela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) to anti-infectives affect especially hospitalized children and contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and costs in healthcare systems.ObjectiveTo assess ADRs associated with anti-infective use in Brazilian hospitalized children.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in 5 public hospitals over 6 months. Children aged 0–11 years and 11 months who were hospitalized for more than 48 h and prescribed anti-infectives for over 24 h were included.ResultsA total of 1020 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 152 patients experienced 183 suspected ADRs. Most reactions were related to the gastrointestinal system (65.6%), followed by skin reactions (18.6%). Most reactions were classified as probable causality (58.5%), moderate severity (61.1%), and unavoidable (56.2%). Our findings showed that ADRs were associated with increased length of stay (P &lt; .001), increased length of therapy (P &lt; .015), increased days of therapy (P = .038), and increased number of anti-infectives prescribed per patient (P &lt; .001).ConclusionAlmost 15% of hospitalized children exposed to anti-infectives presented suspected ADRs. Their occurrence was classified as probable, of moderate severity, and unavoidable. ADRs were significantly influenced by the length of hospital stay and the number of anti-infectives prescribed per patient.
Plant tRNA functions beyond their major role in translation
Authors: Chery Marjorie , Drouard Laurence 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their essential function as adapters in delivering amino acids to ribosomes and making the link between mRNA and protein according to the genetic code. Besides this central role in protein synthesis, other functions are attributed to these macromolecules, or their genes, in all living organisms. This review focuses on these extra functions of tRNAs in photosynthetic organisms. For example, tRNAs are implicated in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, mRNA stabilization or transport, and priming the reverse transcription of viral RNAs, and tRNA-like structures play important roles in RNA viral genomes. Another important function of tRNAs in regulating gene expression is related to their cleavage allowing the production of small non-coding RNAs termed tRNA-derived RNAs. Here, we examine in more detail the biogenesis of tRNA-derived RNAs and their emerging functions in plants.