bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insights into the Selectivity of Norcarane Oxidation by Oxo‐Manganese(V) Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Ma Zhifeng , Nakatani Naoki , Hada Masahiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOxo‐Mn(V) porphyrin complexes perform competitive hydroxylation, desaturation, and radical rearrangement reactions using diagnostic substrate norcarane. Initial C−H cleavage proceeds through the two hydrogen abstraction steps from the two adjacent carbon on the norcarane and then through selective reactions various products are generated. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that the hydroxylation and desaturation reactions are triggered by a rate‐determining H‐abstraction step, whereas the rate‐determining step for the radical rearrangement is located at the rebound step (TS2). We find that the endo‐2 reaction is favorable over other reactions, which is consistent with the experimental result. Furthermore, the competitive pathways for norcarane oxidation depend on the non‐covalent interaction between norcarane and the porphyrin‐ring, and orbital energy gaps between donor and acceptor orbitals because of stable or unstable acceptor orbital. The stereo‐ and regio‐selectivities of norcarane oxidation are hardly sensitive to the zero‐point energy and thermal free energy corrections.
First experience of magnetically levitated extracorporeal left ventricular assist device for cardiogenic shock in China
Authors: Li Ping , Wu Long , Dong Nianguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report the first case of an investigational maglev extracorporeal ventricular assist device (extra‐VAD) use in China for a patient with cardiogenic shock post‐coronary artery bypass surgery. There were no extra‐VAD devices available for clinical use in China. The patient was successfully supported for 9 days and recovered to hospital discharge. Throughout the support, the patient's haemodynamic and haematologic parameters demonstrated good patient recovery and no device‐related complications were observed. Our results encourage extra‐VAD use in short‐term to mid‐term bridging the cardiogenic shock patients in China and potentially other developing countries for both clinical and health economic benefits.
Repurposing face mask waste to construct floating photothermal evaporator for autonomous solar ocean farming
Authors: Guo Shuai , Zhang Yaoxin , Qu Hao , Li Meng , Zhang Songlin , Yang Jiachen , Zhang Xueping , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlastic waste caused by the extensive usage of face masks during COVID‐19 pandemic has become a severe threat to natural environment and ecosystem. Herein, an eco‐friendly approach to repurpose face mask waste for clean water production via solar thermal evaporation is proposed. By taking advantage of its interwind structure, face mask holds the promise to be an ideal candidate material for constructing photothermal evaporator. In‐situ surface modifications are performed successively with polyvinyl alcohol and polypyrrole to improve its wettability and solar absorption (97%). The obtained face mask‐based evaporator achieves significantly enhanced solar efficiency (91.5%) and long‐term salt‐rejection stability. The harvested clean water befits plant growing to enable farming on sea surface. A floating photothermal evaporation prototype is then developed to demonstrate autonomous solar ocean farming, with plants successfully cultivated over time. As such, the proposed strategy provides a promising solution towards ecological sustainability by tapping multiple benefits.image
Optimal stochastic energy management of electrical railway systems considering renewable energy resources' uncertainties and interactions with utility grid
Authors: Ehteshami Hossein , Hashemi‐Dezaki Hamed , Javadi Saeid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have been reported for optimal operation of electrical railway systems (ERSs). However, the stochastic energy management of ERSs, including renewable energy resources (RERs), has received less attention. The RERs’ uncertainties might affect the ERSs. On the other hand, the calculation time of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)‐based approaches is an essential challenge, which should be solved, particularly in real‐time decisions and recursive optimization problems. Thus, it is crucial to study the ERSs' stochastic behaviors and uncertainties, including RERs. This paper tries to overcome the discussed concerns and challenges by proposing a novel ERS’s optimal stochastic energy management using clustering algorithms. In this paper, the backward scenario reduction algorithm has been used. In addition, regenerative braking energy (RBE) and energy management systems (ESSs) have been studied. Studying the impacts of changes in the number of passengers on the optimized operation of ERSs and investigating the interaction between the utility grid and the ERS are other contributions of this research. The proposed method is applied to an actual test system of Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company (TUSROC). Test results are validated by comparing with available MCS‐based methods. Simulation results illustrate the accuracy and computation time advantages of the proposed method. Simulation results illustrate that <0.6% inaccuracy appears in the proposed method, while it would be 500 times faster than MCS‐based ones. The comparative test results show the advantages of the introduced method.
The effect and mechanism of four drying methods on the quality of tilapia fillet products
Authors: Cao Jun , Feng Aiguo , He Yanfu , Wang Jiamei , Liu Zhongyuan , Xia Guanghua , Lin Xiangdong , Shen Xuanri , Zhou Dayong , Li Chuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) holds a major position in the fishery market worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of four drying methods, namely vacuum freeze (VFD), vacuum microwave (VMD), hot air (HAD) and microwave (MD), on texture, amino acids, microstructure, lipid oxidation and protein degradation of tilapia fillets. The results showed that vacuum combined with refrigeration (VFD) or VMD had better color, chromatic aberration, shrinkage ratio and microstructure. The total essential amino acid content (31.16%), α‐helical (28.06%) structure and protein denaturation temperature of nonthermal VFD were higher than the VMD, HAD and MD methods. In thermal drying processing, VMD had some advantages in protein stability, microstructure, lipid oxidation and flavor compared with HAD and MD products. Therefore, a combined drying method was discovered to have prospects for use in tilapia processing. VFD was considered the appropriate nonthermal drying method of fillets with high product quality and protein stability. Meanwhile, considering the advantages of its efficiency, quality and energy consumption, the VMD had the best potential of the four methods employed to dry tilapia fillets.
High‐resolution terrestrial record of orbital climate forcing in the coal‐bearing Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Chen Zheng'an , Li Fengjie , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: January 2022

The coal‐bearing Yan'an Formation in the Ordos Basin of the Middle Jurassic was deposited in a river delta–lacustrine sedimentary environment with relatively stable accumulation rates. Spectral analysis and wavelet transform analysis of the natural gamma‐ray (GR) curves from several boreholes through the Yan'an Formation yielded five main sedimentary cycles with wavelengths of 34–57, 10–18, 8–14, 2.9–4.1, and 2–3 m. These cycles were controlled by orbital cycles of eccentricity (405, 128, and 97 kyr), obliquity (35 kyr), and precession (22 kyr), and the long‐eccentricity period of 405 kyr was the most significant cycle. Filtering the sedimentary records for the long‐wavelength cycle and short‐wavelength cycle implies that there are 11 long‐eccentricity cycles and 35 short‐eccentricity cycles preserved in the Yan'an Formation. Assigning the 405 kyr long‐eccentricity cycle to the filtered 11 primary long‐wavelength cycles implies that the Yan'an Formation spanned 4.4 Myr. The orbital–climate cycles were critical factors in the sediment facies changes and episodes of coal formation within the basin. The long‐eccentricity cycles of the Milankovitch cycle are the predominant control factors of the coal seams deposited in the Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation.
The effects of a hypertension diagnosis on health behaviors: A two‐dimensional regression discontinuity analysis
Authors: Dai Tiantian , Jiang Shenyi , Liu Xiangbo , Sun Ang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how a diagnosis of hypertension might affect a person's health‐related behaviors. The analysis uses a two‐dimensional regression discontinuity design because hypertension is diagnosed when a person's systolic or diastolic blood pressure (SBP or DBP) surpasses a pre‐established threshold. We find that those closely above the SBP threshold significantly adjusted their lifestyle, such as reducing daily fat intake and quitting smoking, while those just surpassing the DBP cutoff did not. Further mechanism analysis suggests that the possibility of constraints, rather than education and income gradients, does more to explain the disparate behaviors of subjects near the SBP and DBP thresholds. Those around the DBP threshold generally have tighter work schedules and undertake more competitive jobs, which hinder them from improving their lifestyle. Overall, our findings complement the existing literature by posing a new perspective for understanding people's potential reluctance to adjust their behavior.
A three‐wave study on the development of prosocial behaviours across toddlerhood: The role of socialization
Authors: Song Yue , Broekhuizen Martine , Dubas Judith Semon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis 3‐wave longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectories of instrumental helping, sharing and empathic helping across toddlerhood, and how socialisation processes (i.e., parents' and teachers' practices) contribute to these developments. Participants were 50 18‐months‐olds and 62 24‐months‐olds, their parents, and daycare teachers, who were followed 6 months and 12 months later. At each wave, toddlers' prosocial behaviours were observed through three laboratory tasks, and socialisation processes were examined through parents' and teachers' self‐report at the first and second waves. Instrumental helping increased from 18 to 36 months. Sharing increased from 18 to 30 months. Empathic helping increased from 24 to 36 months. Both parental and teachers' practices predicted prosocial behaviours at the ages when they are still emerging, but the relationship varied by types of behaviour examined. These findings confirm the developmental trajectories proposed in cross‐sectional studies and add evidence to the role of socialisation processes in the early development of prosocial behaviour.
Glycosylation of FGFR4 in cholangiocarcinoma regulates receptor processing and cancer signaling
Authors: Phillips Andrew J. , Lobl Marissa B. , Hafeji Yamnah A. , Safranek Hannah R. , Mohr Ashley M. , Mott Justin L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent advances in targeted treatment for cholangiocarcinoma have focused on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. There are four receptor tyrosine kinases that respond to FGFs, and posttranslational processing has been demonstrated for each FGF receptor. Here, we investigated the role of N‐linked glycosylation on the processing and function of FGFR4. We altered glycosylation through enzymatic deglycosylation, small molecule inhibition of glycosyltransferases, or through site‐directed mutagenesis of selected asparagine residues in FGFR4. Signaling was tested through caspase activation, migration, and subcellular localization of FGFR4. Our data demonstrate that FGFR4 has multiple glycoforms, with predominant bands relating to the full‐length receptor that has a high mannose‐ or hybrid‐type form and a complex‐type glycan form. We further identified a set of faster migrating FGFR4 bands that correspond to the intracellular kinase domain, termed FGFR4 intracellular domain (R4‐ICD). These glycoforms and R4‐ICD were detected in human cholangiocarcinoma tumor samples, where R4‐ICD was predominant. Removal of glycans in intact cells by enzymatic deglycosylation resulted in increased processing to R4‐ICD. Inhibition of glycosylation using NGI‐1, an oligosaccharyltransferase inhibitor, reduced both high mannose‐ or hybrid‐ and complex‐type glycan forms of FGFR4, increased processing and sensitized to apoptosis. Mutation of Asn‐112, Asn‐258, Asn‐290, or Asn‐311 to glutamine modestly reduced apoptosis resistance, while mutation of Asn‐322 or simultaneous mutation of the other four asparagine residues caused a loss of cytoprotection by FGFR4. None of the glycomutants altered the migration of cancer cells. Finally, mutation of Asn‐112 caused a partial localization of FGFR4 to the Golgi. Overall, preventing glycosylation at individual residues reduced the cell survival function of FGFR4 and receptor glycosylation may regulate access to an extracellular protease or proteolytic susceptibility of FGFR4.
Interaction with mammalian enteric viruses alters outer membrane vesicle production and content by commensal bacteria
Authors: Mosby Chanel A. , Bhar Sutonuka , Phillips Matthew B. , Edelmann Mariola J. , Jones Melissa K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntestinal commensal bacteria contribute to maintaining gut homeostasis. Disruptions to the commensal flora are linked to the development and persistence of disease. The importance of these organisms is further demonstrated by the widespread ability of enteric viruses to exploit commensal bacteria to enhance viral infection. These viruses interact directly with commensal bacteria, and while the impact of this interaction on viral infection is well described for several viruses, the impact on the commensal bacteria has yet to be explored. In this article, we demonstrate, for the first time, that enteric viruses alter the gene expression and phenotype of individual commensal bacteria. Human and murine norovirus interaction with bacteria resulted in genome‐wide differential gene expression and marked changes in the surface architecture of the bacterial cells. Furthermore, the interaction of the virus with bacteria led to increased production of smaller outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Enhanced production of smaller vesicles was also observed when noroviruses were incubated with other commensal bacteria, indicating a potentially broad impact of norovirus interaction. The vesicle production observed in the in vivo model followed a similar trend where an increased quantity of smaller bacterial vesicles was observed in stool collected from virus‐infected mice compared to mock‐infected mice. Furthermore, changes in vesicle size were linked to changes in protein content and abundance, indicating that viral binding induced a shift in the mechanism of the OMV biogenesis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that enteric viruses induce specific changes in bacterial gene expression, leading to changes in bacterial extracellular vesicle production that can potentially impact host responses to infection.
Engineered small extracellular vesicles displaying ACE2 variants on the surface protect against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Kim Hark Kyun , Cho Junhyung , Kim Eunae , Kim Junsik , Yang Jeong‐Sun , Kim Kyung‐Chang , Lee Joo‐Yeon , Shin Younmin , Palomera Leon F. , Park Jinsu , Baek Seung Hyun , Bae Han‐Gyu , Cho Yoonsuk , Han Jihoon , Sul Jae Hoon , Lee Jeongmi , Park Jae Hyung , Cho Yong Woo , Lee Wonsik , Jo Dong‐Gyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) entry is mediated by the interaction of the viral spike (S) protein with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell surface. Although a clinical trial testing soluble ACE2 (sACE2) for COVID‐19 is currently ongoing, our understanding of the delivery of sACE2 via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is still rudimentary. With excellent biocompatibility allowing for the effective delivery of molecular cargos, sEVs are broadly studied as nanoscale protein carriers. In order to exploit the potential of sEVs, we design truncated CD9 scaffolds to display sACE2 on the sEV surface as a decoy receptor for the S protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. Moreover, to enhance the sACE2‐S binding interaction, we employ sACE2 variants. sACE2‐loaded sEVs exhibit typical sEVs characteristics and bind to the S protein. Furthermore, engineered sEVs inhibit the entry of wild‐type (WT), the globally dominant D614G variant, Beta (K417N‐E484K‐N501Y) variant, and Delta (L452R‐T478K‐D614G) variant SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus, and protect against authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 and Delta variant infection. Of note, sACE2 variants harbouring sEVs show superior antiviral efficacy than WT sACE2 loaded sEVs. Therapeutic efficacy of the engineered sEVs against SARS‐CoV‐2 challenge was confirmed using K18‐hACE2 mice. The current findings provide opportunities for the development of new sEVs‐based antiviral therapeutics.
Crosstalk between R848 and abortive HIV-1 RNA-induced signaling enhances antiviral immunity
Authors: Stunnenberg Melissa , van Hamme John L , Zijlstra-Willems Esther M , Gringhuis Sonja I , Geijtenbeek Teunis B H 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPathogens trigger multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that together dictate innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the crosstalk between PRRs is important to enhance vaccine efficacy. Abortive HIV-1 RNA transcripts are produced during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection and are known ligands for different PRRs, leading to antiviral and proinflammatory responses. Here, we have investigated the crosstalk between responses induced by these 58 nucleotide-long HIV-1 RNA transcripts and different TLR ligands. Costimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) with abortive HIV-1 RNA and TLR7/8 agonist R848, but not other TLR agonists, resulted in enhanced antiviral type I IFN responses as well as adaptive immune responses via the induction of DC-mediated T helper 1 (TH1) responses and IFNγ+CD8+ T cells. Our data underscore the importance of crosstalk between abortive HIV-1 RNA and R848-induced signaling for the induction of effective antiviral immunity.
Interaction between laccase and diethylstilbestrol based on multispectral and chromatography analyses
Authors: Lin Xiaolian , Liu Hongyan , Tang Lin , Shi Mengjie , Xu Minhua , Huang Yipeng , Yi Zhongsheng , Chen Huiying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic form of oestrogen that does not easily degrade in the environment and can be harmful to human health. Herein, the mechanism of the interaction between laccase and DES was investigated by various spectroscopic means and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of fluorescence experiments showed that the quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of laccase by DES was due to a static quenching, forming a binding site. According to the Förster non‐radiative energy transfer theory (FRET), the action distance R0 between DES and laccase was 4.708 nm, r was 5.81 nm, and the energy transfer efficiency E was 22.08%, respectively. Both UV‐Vis absorption spectra and FT‐IR spectra indicated changes in the conformation and surroundings of the enzyme and changed in the secondary structure of laccase. Multispectral synthesis showed that the interaction of laccase with DES caused a change in the secondary structure of laccase. The degradation experiments showed that laccase could degrade DES, and the DES content decreased with time. This study provides a new theoretical basis and experimental method for further research on the reaction mechanism of the laccase degradation of DES. It may also provide a reference basis for human biological and environmental safety evaluations.
Genotypic and allelic distribution of IFN‐γ +874T/A and TGF‐β1 −509C/T single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected Thais
Authors: Akekawatchai Chareeporn , Phuegsilp Chada , Changsri Khaimuk , Soimanee Thanawan , Sretapunya Warisara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdvances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have led to a decrease of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related mortality, and an increase of non‐AIDS illnesses in people living with HIV (PLWH). Risks for HIV‐related chronic inflammation leading to non‐AIDS illnesses in PLWH have been increasingly clarified including immunogenetic factors. This study aimed to examine distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies of the well‐characterized interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) +874T/A and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) −509C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Thai PLWH. The cross‐sectional study was conducted in 191 Thai HIV patients. Most patients were under ART (74.3%) and maintained a relatively high median of CD4+ cell count (364.5 [5–1601] cells/μl). The frequencies of IFN‐γ +874T/A SNP genotypes were 9.0% AA, 38.3% AT, and 52.7% TT and those of the SNP alleles were 28.1% A and 71.9% T. The rates of TGF‐β1−509C/T SNP genotypes were 15.7% CC, 44.0% CT, and 40.3% TT and those of the SNP alleles were 37.7% C and 62.3% T. The more frequent TT genotypes and T allele of the IFN‐γ +874T/A SNP, and relatively more prevalent TT and CT genotypes and T allele of TGF‐β1 −509C/T SNP were potentially associated with disease progression to non‐AIDS complication in Thai PLWH and required further investigation. This study provides the immunogenetic data potentially supporting mechanisms for chronic immune activation in PLWH under long‐term suppressive ART.
The contribution of the ligaments in progressive collapsing foot deformity: A comprehensive computational study
Authors: Malakoutikhah Hamed , Madenci Erdogan , Latt Leonard Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe contribution of each of the ligaments in preventing the arch loss, hindfoot valgus, and forefoot abduction seen in progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) has not been well characterized. An improved understanding of the individual ligament contributions to the deformity would aid in selecting among available treatments, optimizing current surgical techniques, and developing new ones. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of each ligament to the maintenance of foot alignment using a finite element model of the foot reconstructed from computed tomography scan images. The collapsed foot was modeled by simulating the failure of all the ligaments involved in PCFD. The ligaments were removed one at a time to determine the impact of each ligament on foot alignment, and then restored one at a time to simulate isolated reconstruction. Our findings show that the failure of any one ligament did not immediately lead to deformity, but that combined failure of only a few (the plantar fascia, long plantar, short plantar, deltoid, and spring ligaments) could lead to significant deformity. The plantar fascia, deltoid, and spring ligaments were primarily responsible for the prevention of arch collapse, hindfoot valgus, and forefoot abduction, respectively. Moreover, to produce deformity, a considerable amount of attenuation in the spring, tibiocalcaneal, interosseous talocalcaneal, plantar naviculocuneiform, and first plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments, but only a small amount in the plantar fascia, long plantar, and short plantar ligaments was needed. The results of this study suggest that the ability of a ligament to prevent deformity may not correlate with its attenuation in a collapsed foot.