bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography investigating gallstones in a contemporary surgical setting
Authors: Robinson Christian , Turner Robin M. , Potter Jon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundsThe New Zealand Public Health System operates in a resource limited environment. Pre‐operative investigation of choledocholithiasis (CDL) is variable. Protocol driven practice has improved patient outcomes and cost‐effectiveness. The aim is to explore risk stratification for CDL and specific thresholds for accessing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in this contemporary setting.MethodsAll adult (16+ years) acute inpatient MRCP requests for gallstone work‐up between 1 Jan 2018 and 2031 Dec 2019 at Dunedin Hospital were included. Patients with characteristics not in fitting with an acute symptomatic examination were excluded. Receiver operating characteristic curves were estimated for bilirubin versus MRCP positive by the presence/absence of dilated ducts, indication and American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) risk grouping.ResultsA 106 patients were included. Mean bilirubin at presentation and time of MRCP, 47 versus 28 μmol/L, respectively. MRCP confirmed CDL in 39 (37%) patients. 38 (97%) had biochemical changes with choledocholithiasis. 21 (40%) with CBD dilation had ductal stones versus 18 (34%) with normal ducts. ASGE risk stratification showed 36 (34%), 66 (62%) and 4 (4%) were high, intermediate and low risk, respectively. Of these groups 44%, 35% and 0% had CBD stones on MRCP, respectively. Combination thresholds involving duct size and bilirubin can yield negative predictive values >90%, substantially reducing MRCP load.ConclusionsMRCP requests can be triaged to maximize stones detected without overly increasing the rate of missed duct stones whilst protecting the limited MRI and ERCP resources. International thresholds and risk stratification alone may not be applicable in our resource limited environment.
Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy is superior to standard of care as second‐line therapy for large B‐cell lymphoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shargian Liat , Raanani Pia , Yeshurun Moshe , Gafter‐Gvili Anat , Gurion Ronit 
Published: June 2022

SummaryTreatment with high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered standard of care (SOC) second‐line treatment for relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL). However, outcomes remain suboptimal. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing efficacy and safety of SOC versus chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy as second‐line for patients with LBCL refractory or relapsing within 12 months. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), event‐free survival (EFS), overall response rate (ORR) and safety. Three trials published in 2021 (involving 865 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. EFS as well as OS were significantly improved with CAR‐T therapy as compared to SOC, hazard ratio (HR) 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–0.68) and HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.60–0.98) respectively. CAR‐T therapy was associated with significantly better ORR, relative risk (RR) 1.55 (95% CI 1.12–2.13, p = 0.001). The risk of Grade III/IV adverse event was comparable between the two arms, RR 1.03 (95% CI 0.93–1.14). In summary, CAR‐T therapy has superior outcomes as compared to SOC in patients with LBCL refractory or relapsing within 12 months, without excess of toxicity. Longer follow‐up is needed to confirm these results and determine the optimal sequencing of CAR‐T therapy in the management of LBCL.
‘You truly are the worst kind of racist!’: Argumentation and polarization in online discussions around gender and radical‐right populism
Authors: Pettersson Katarina , Sakki Inari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of women in populist and radical right‐wing parties is a topic that has gained increased scholarly attention. The aim of this article is to add to this literature by analysing how a female right‐wing populist leader becomes positioned in online interactions in the hybrid media system. In doing so, the study seeks to make a twofold contribution to research on populist and radical right discourse online: to explore the ways in which notions related to gender and radical‐right populism are constructed in such discourse and to shed light on their argumentative character. The study applies a critical discursive psychological approach to study these discursive patterns in two interrelated social media datasets, comprising discussion threads from Facebook and Twitter. The study shows how, through argumentation and dialogue, the commenters’ position both each other and the female populist leader as fit or unfit, racist or non‐racist, patriotic or non‐patriotic and as a victim or culprit of hate‐speech and misogyny. The implications of these findings for social psychological research on radical‐right populism, political polarization and online hate‐speech are discussed.
Review: Meta‐analysis on mindfulness‐based interventions for adolescents' stress, depression, and anxiety in school settings: a cautionary tale
Authors: Fulambarkar Nilija , Seo Brian , Testerman Alanna , Rees Mitchell , Bausback Kim , Bunge Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have been applied in school settings for adolescents with symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety; however, general conclusions of the efficacy of such interventions remain unclear. This meta‐analysis reviewed randomized‐controlled MBI trials for stress, depression, and anxiety in school settings.MethodsOne hundred one records were included after removing duplicates. Nine studies met inclusion criteria, totalling 5046 adolescents aged 12–18. Eighteen comparisons between an MBI and a control group were analyzed.ResultsThe overall effect for symptoms of the 17 observations including stress, depression, and anxiety resulted in a significant improvement with a small effect size (k = 17, n = 3721, Hedge's g = .33, CI 95% .17–.49 p < .01). Subgroup analysis revealed that when MBIs were compared to an active control group effects were not significant (k = 5, n = 2753, Hedge's g = .27, CI 95% −.03–.57 p = .08), and when compared to an inactive control group the effect was significant with a small effect size (k = 5, n = 1065, Hedge's g = .38, CI 95% .02–.75 p < .05). Analysis of the interventions on a per symptom basis yielded a significant and moderate effect size for perceived stress (k = 7, n = 1116, Hedge's g = .55, CI 95% .31–.79 p < .01); however, there were no significant effects for depression (k = 6, n = 3172, Hedge's g = .20, CI 95% −.05–.44 p < .01) and anxiety (k = 4, n = 837, Hedge's g = .19, CI 95% −.14–.53 p = .25).ConclusionsThe impact of MBIs in school settings for adolescents yielded a significant improvement for stress, but did not for depression and anxiety. The effects were significant when compared to inactive controls, but not when compared to active controls. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Adapting the German version of the dental environment stress questionnaire
Authors: Zenthöfer Andreas , Graf Andreas , Büsch Christopher , Rammelsberg Peter , Klotz Anna‐Luisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo develop a German version of the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire, and to evaluate its reliability and validity.MethodsThe original English DES questionnaire was translated into German using a forward–backward translation process. To evaluate construct stability, a subgroup of dental students (n = 43) completed the DES twice (interval: 1 week). To evaluate how the DES responds to anticipated changes in stress, all dental students' (n = 64) DES scores and saliva cortisol levels administered from a clinical study were compared between holiday and term time. Furthermore, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and a stress self‐assessment were used to determine the validity of the DES. Reliability analyses were calculated using Kendall's tau correlations. To estimate reliability strength, correlation coefficients and intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used.ResultsRegarding construct stability, 24 of 25 DES items had at least moderate correlations, and most items showed strong correlations. Correlations for the seven subdomains were good (range: 0.778–1.000). The same was true for the total DES score (ICC: 0.944). Correlations for response to term‐time stress were weaker and more varied. Validity analyses revealed fair correlations between the DES and students' self‐assessment (Pearson's r = .592) and DASS score (Pearson's r = .392), suggesting satisfactory validity. Stress levels were quite similar between baseline and follow‐up.ConclusionThe German DES is a reliable tool for evaluating stress in dental students. Because it can be used to identify individual stressors in various categories, it might enable the detection of specific stress situations in educational situations and facilitate solutions (adjustment of curricula, tailored consulting services).
EFFICIENT LIABILITY IN EXPERT MARKETS
Authors: Chen Yongmin , Li Jianpei , Zhang Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen providing professional services, an expert may misbehave by either prescribing “wrong” treatment for consumer's problem or failing to exert proper effort to diagnose it. We show that under a range of liabilities the expert will recommend the appropriate treatment based on his private information if markups for alternative treatments are close enough; however, a well‐designed liability rule is essential for also motivating efficient diagnosis effort. We further demonstrate that unfettered price competition between experts may undermine the efficient role of liability, whereas either a minimum‐price constraint or an obligation‐to‐serve requirement can restore it.
Spectrum of skin diseases in Maroon villages of the Maroni area, French Guiana
Authors: Valentin Julie , Niemetzky Florence , Gaillet Melanie , Michaud Celine , Carbunar Aurel , Demar Magalie , Couppie Pierre , Blaizot Romain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to their genetic characteristics and their high exposure to infectious diseases, Maroons are likely to suffer from a specific spectrum of skin diseases. However, skin disorders have never been explored in this population. We aimed to describe all skin diseases in Maroon villages of the Maroni region in French Guiana.MethodsThis retrospective study concerned all patients who consulted in the remote health centers of Apatou, Grand‐Santi, Papaichton, and Maripasoula between October 5, 2017, and June 30, 2020. We included all patients registered with a skin disorder (International Classification of Diseases) in the medical database. We excluded patients whose diagnosis was invalidated after cross‐checking by a dermatologist.ResultsA total of 4741 patients presented at least one skin disease, for 6058 different disorders. Nonsexually transmitted infections represented 71.6% of all diagnoses, followed by inflammatory diseases (9.8%) and bites/envenomations (4.6%). The three most frequent conditions were scabies, abscesses, and impetigo. Besides scabies, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) were still prevalent as we reported 13 cases of leprosy and 63 cutaneous leishmaniasis. Atopic dermatitis (AD) represented only 2.5% of our diagnoses.ConclusionsWith the exception of AD, which was less frequent among Maroons, these results are similar to those previously reported in Amerindians. Therefore, a common exposure to rainforest pathogens seems to induce a common spectrum of skin diseases dominated by infections. The high prevalence of NTDs requires specific public health actions.
Scheduling on uniform machines with a conflict graph: complexity and resolution
Authors: Mallek Amin , Boudhar Mourad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of scheduling a set of unit‐time jobs on a set of uniform machines. The jobs are subject to conflict constraints modeled by a graph G called the conflict graph, in which adjacent jobs cannot be processed on a same machine. The objective considered herein is the minimization of maximum job completion time in the schedule, which is famous to be NP‐hard in the strong sense. The first part of this paper is an extensive study of the computational complexity of the problem restricted to several graph classes, namely: split graphs, interval graphs, forests, trees, paths and cycles. Afterward, we focus on the resolution of the problem with arbitrary conflict graphs. For this latter, a combination of a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation, lower and upper bounds is proposed. A wild range of computational experiments proved the efficiency of this technique to tremendously reduce runtime and produce more optimal solutions (around 80% in average). Furthermore, a deep analysis of the resolution process based on both the density of the conflict graph as well as machine speeds (including identical machines) is thoroughly reported.
Academic Resilience as a Concept for Creative Arts Higher Education: A Thematic Review
Authors: Winters Tara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe notion of ‘academic resilience’ has been established to contextualise the term for higher education research and practice, concerned with the everyday challenges of academic life as experienced by the majority of students. In the largest disruption to education systems in human history, the pandemic is the most recent catalyst for attention to resilience strategies. Calls for addressing resilience within curriculum at a subject level have been increasing, with a shift in emphasis from reliance on student support services to ‘whole university’ approaches to student wellbeing. This thematic literature review commences from here interested the potential pedagogical value of academic resilience for art and design education. Four thematics are established to explore this: academic resilience and creative arts learning; contestation and critique; meaningfulness; and pedagogical responses. The politics and theory of resilience highlight the need for critical approaches that reframe conceptualisations for higher education. This review revealed the complexities of a concept of academic resilience for creative arts learning. The instability of the subject matter and the uncertainties of the creative process as well as the stabilising effects of being involved in artistic production and meaning making suggest a distinctive, discipline specific interpretation is useful. The findings provide a basis for influencing further research and curriculum development.
Acacetin resists UVA photoaging by mediating the SIRT3/ROS/MAPKs pathway
Authors: Mu Jing , Chen Hong , Ye Mengyi , Zhang Xiaoxia , Ma Huisheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUltraviolet A (UVA) radiation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of skin photoaging, and the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Acacetin on skin photoaging in UVA‐irradiated mice and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Healthy dorsal depilated rats were irradiated with UVA 30 J/cm2 daily, every other day, for 1 month. Acacetin (40, 80 mg kg/day) was coated to the bare skin of the rats' backs 1 h before UVA irradiation. HDF were treated different concentrations of Acacetin (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) and then irradiated with UVA (20 J/cm2). Acacetin was found to be effective in ameliorating UVA‐induced oxidative stress and cell death. Acacetin also prevented the UVA‐induced decrease of SIRT3, reduced the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs, p‐38 and p‐JNK) and blocked the down‐regulated activation of oxidative stress in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition, Acacetin increased the expressions of collagen‐promoting proteins (TGF‐β and Smad3). Finally, the SIRT3 inhibitor 3‐TYP blocked all protective effects of Acacetin, indicating that the protective effect of Acacetin against UVA photoaging is SIRT3‐dependent. Acacetin effectively mitigated photoaging by targeting the promotion of SIRT3, inhibiting the UVA‐induced increases in MMPs and pro‐inflammatory factors, and promoting TGF‐β and Smad3.
Recognizability and recognition as human—Learning from Butler and Manne
Authors: Ikäheimo Heikki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractJudith Butler and Kate Manne shed, in different ways, doubt on the capacity of the recognition‐paradigm to comprehend phenomena of crucial ethical and political importance: whereas Butler argues that deeper than recognition are “frames” in light of which individuals and groups appear as recognizable human beings at all, Manne argues that too much has been made of the capacity of the idea of being recognized as human or person to explain interhuman cruelty and violence. In short, for Butler there is something even more important than recognition that precedes it, whereas for Manne matters of vital (or lethal) importance happen after, or on top of, recognition. In my view both are pointing at crucially important issues, but I am more optimistic of the capacity of the notion of recognition to deal with them. I present an account of recognition as personification, which can both meet the challenges and unite the seemingly disparate views of the two authors as complementary perspectives to, and focussed on dialectically related aspects of, a whole. This whole is recognition, or lack thereof, of particular individuals and groups as full‐fledged persons.
Comprehensive analysis of intratumoural heterogeneity of somatic copy number alterations in diffuse glioma reveals clonality‐dependent prognostic patterns
Authors: Luo Shangyi , Zhang Yajing , Jia Ying , Zhang Xue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsIntratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) has been implicated in tumour growth and progression as well as therapy resistance. However, the extent of ITH of somatic copy number alterations (ITH‐SCNAs) as a result of tumour evolution and its influence on clinical outcomes in diffuse glioma (DG) remain poorly understood.MethodsWe used an integrated computational method to infer clonal and subclonal SCNAs in 760 untreated primary DGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas. ITH‐SCNAs at the genome‐wide, peak (region with recurrent SCNAs) and gene level were calculated. We used the Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations of ITH‐SCNA with patient outcomes. An independent cohort of 243 patients with paired initial and recurrent tumours from the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis Consortium was used for validation.ResultsDGs showed widespread ITH‐SCNA, with a median of 25.5% of SCNAs identified as subclonal. We found that clonal SCNA burden had stronger prognostic power than total SCNAs in IDH‐mutant astrocytoma. Coamplifications of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) tended to be subclonal, and subclonal RTK amplification was significantly associated with high tumour proliferative potential and unfavourable clinical outcomes in IDH‐wild‐type glioblastoma. In addition, we found that the prognostic values of the peak‐level SCNAs were related to their mutated clonal architecture, from which three clonality‐dependent prognostic patterns of SCNAs were proposed, including clonal‐dominant, subclonal‐dominant and clonality‐independent schemas.ConclusionsThe systematic analysis of ITH‐SCNAs in large cohorts of DGs highlighted the importance of considering the clonality of SCNA in discovery of tumour prognostic markers.
Lost in Plain Sight: How Current Burial Practices Impact Migrant Death Investigation in South Texas
Authors: Kaplan Molly A. , Spradley M. Katherine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh rates of migrant fatalities at the U.S. southern border represent an ongoing mass disaster that is the product of Prevention through Deterrence policies funneling migrants into remote and deadly terrain. Due to a fragmented, underresourced, and overwhelmed medicolegal system in South Texas, the majority of unidentified migrant decedents recovered in the region are buried without proper investigation or genetic sampling. The present study examines the effects that South Texas burial practices have on the ability to recover and identify deceased migrant individuals, in addition to assessing the care and respect with which their remains are treated. Utilizing forensic archaeological and case records data pertaining to 103 burials of unidentified migrant decedents exhumed by Operation Identification at Texas State University across three South Texas counties, the present study reveals problematic patterns with migrant death management practices and generates preliminary recommendations for burial improvement.
The regulation of efferocytosis signaling pathways and adipose tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions and obesity: Current understanding and treatment options
Authors: Tajbakhsh Amir , Gheibihayat Seyed Mohammad , Karami Neda , Savardashtaki Amir , Butler Alexandra E. , Rizzo Manfredi , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: June 2022

SummaryObesity is associated with changes in the resolution of acute inflammation that contribute to the clinical complications. The exact mechanisms underlying unresolved inflammation in obesity are not fully understood. Adipocyte death leads to pro‐inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, stimulating additional adipocyte apoptosis. Thus, a complex and tightly regulated process to inhibit inflammation and maintain homeostasis after adipocyte apoptosis is needed to maintain health. In normal condition, a specialized phagocytic process (efferocytosis) performs this function, clearing necrotic and apoptotic cells (ACs) and controlling inflammation. For efficient and continued efferocytosis, phagocytes must internalize multiple ACs in physiological conditions and handle the excess metabolic burden in adipose tissue. In obesity, this control is lost and can be an important hallmark of the disease. In this regard, the deficiency of efferocytosis leads to delayed resolution of acute inflammation and can result in ongoing inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and insulin resistance in obesity. Hence, efficient clearance of ACs by M2 macrophages could limit long‐term inflammation and ensue clinical complications, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review elaborates upon the molecular mechanisms to identify efferocytosis regulators in obesity, and the mechanisms that can improve efferocytosis and reduce obesity‐related complications, such as the use of pharmacological agents and regular exercise.
Confocal microscopy in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Ramani Rishi S. , Tan Ivy , Bussau Lindsay , Angel Christopher M. , McCullough Michael , Yap Tami 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically identify and summarise current research on the utility of confocal microscopy in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia in oral potentially malignant disorders.MethodsDatabases Medline, Embase, Evidence‐Based Medicine, and Web of Science were searched with articles screened and included if their primary objective was the use of a confocal microscope in diagnosis of oral cancer or epithelial dysplasia, in vivo or ex vivo.Results and DiscussionTwenty‐eight relevant studies were identified of which 21 studies included oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens. Fifteen studies included in vivo use. The studies included both qualitative and fluorescence confocal microscope and reflectance confocal microscope analysis along with quantitative analysis of carcinoma and dysplasia. Thirteen studies reported the predictive value of their confocal device in the diagnosis of dysplasia and carcinoma. The quantitative software‐based studies show promise in objectifying the diagnostic process for identifying abnormalities within the microstructure of the oral mucosa.ConclusionsThere was heterogeneity in the criteria for diagnosis of dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma with experience levels of assessors impacting method efficacy. Both qualitative and quantitative confocal assessment methodologies have been explored, the latter highlighting the potential of future machine‐augmented diagnostic precision.