bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous enzymes, meal size, and meal frequency: effect on ileal and total tract digestibility of carbohydrates, and energy and fiber degradation in growing pigs fed a wheat-barley grain-based high-fiber diet
Authors: Chassé Élisabeth , Vangsøe Cecilie Toft , Bach Knudsen Knud Erik , Guay Frédéric , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When conducting a digestibility trial, pigs are usually fed only twice a day with a restricted feed intake which is not representative of the feeding conditions in a commercial farm. This study aimed to determine the effects of meal size and frequency, and exogenous enzymes (xylanase and phytase) on the digestibility of a high-fiber diet using porcine in vivo and in vitro approaches. Pigs (n = 6) were fitted with a T cannula, and each received all treatments using a 6 × 6 Latin square experimental design. The diets were supplemented (Enz) or not with a combination of xylanase and phytase and distributed into three feeding programs: one received two meals per day that met three times the maintenance energy requirement (2M), one received the same quantity of feed in eight meals (8M), and another received an amount that met five times the maintenance energy requirements in eight meals (8M+). For in vitro experiment, the degradability of fiber with or without xylanase supplementation only was determined. Enzyme supplementation increased apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, starch, and degradation of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (I-NSP) in all in vivo treatments (P &lt; 0.05). The 2M compared with 8M increased the AID of starch and total tract digestibility of organic matter and I-NSP (P &lt; 0.05). Enzyme supplementation decreased the content of insoluble arabinoxylan (P &lt; 0.05) and increased arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (P &lt; 0.05) in the in vivo ileal digesta and in vitro incubation. The results of this study confirm degradation by xylanase of the fiber fraction at the ileal level, which resulted in less fermentation of fiber in the large intestine. However, number and size of meals had little influence on feed digestibility. The consequences of shifting fiber fermentation more towards the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract need further investigation. The in vitro model provided a confirmation of the action of xylanase on the degradation of non-starch polysaccharides.
New insights into the novel sequences of the chicken pan-genome by liquid chip
Authors: Wang Fei , Guo Yingwei , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Qiao , Jiang Yu , Zhao Guiping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that the missing sequences and genes in the chicken reference genome are involved in many crucial biological pathways, including metabolism and immunity. The low detection rate of novel sequences by resequencing hindered the acquisition of these sequences and the exploration of the relationship between new genes and economic traits. To improve the capture ratio of novel sequences, a 48K liquid chip including 25K from the reference sequence and 23K from the novel sequence was designed. The assay was tested on a panel of 218 animals from 5 chicken breeds. The average capture ratio of the reference sequence was 99.55%, and the average sequencing depth of the target sites was approximately 187X, indicating a good performance and successful application of liquid chips in farm animals. For the target region in the novel sequence, the average capture ratio was 33.15% and the average sequencing depth of target sites was approximately 60X, both of which were higher than that of resequencing. However, the different capture ratios and capture regions among varieties and individuals proved the difficulty of capturing these regions with complex structures. After genotyping, GWAS showed variations in novel sequences potentially relevant to immune-related traits. For example, a SNP close to the differentiation of lymphocyte-related gene IGHV3-23-like was associated with the H/L ratio. These results suggest that targeted capture sequencing is a preferred method to capture these sequences with complex structures and genes potentially associated with immune-related traits.
Periodicity in Cryptocurrency Volatility and Liquidity
Authors: Hansen Peter Reinhard , Kim Chan , Kimbrough Wade 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study recurrent patterns in volatility and volume for major cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and Ether, using data from two centralized exchanges (CEXs; Coinbase Pro and Binance) and a decentralized exchange (DEX; Uniswap V2). We find systematic patterns in both volatility and volume across day-of-the-week, hour-of-the-day, and within the hour. These patterns have grown stronger over the years and are presumably related to algorithmic trading and funding times in futures markets. We also document that price formation mainly takes place on the CEXs while price adjustments on the DEXs can be sluggish.
On the Role of Focus-Sensitivity for a Typology of Presupposition Triggers
Authors: Göbel Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents two experiments comparing presupposition triggers that differ with respect to Focus-sensitivity. The hypothesis was that Focus-sensitive (+focus) triggers require a linguistic antecedent in the discourse model, whereas presuppositions of triggers lacking Focus-sensitivity (–focus) are satisfied as entailments of the Common Ground. Each experiment tested a distinct prediction of this hypothesis, namely (i) being subject to salience, operationalized relative to the QUD, and (ii) global accommodation difficulty. Experiment 1 compared too as a +focus trigger and again as a –focus trigger in short dialogues and manipulated the presence or absence of material intervening between the target sentence containing the trigger and the utterance satisfying its presupposition. Intervening material led to a decrease in ratings as well as longer full sentence reading times of the target sentence for too but not again, in line with the prediction. Experiment 2 compared four trigger pairs that differed in Focus-sensitivity relative to presuppositionless control in a rating study in contexts that did not explicitly satisfy their presupposition. As predicted, +focus triggers showed a larger decrease in ratings than –focus triggers. The picture that emerges from these results is that the same kind of meaning - presuppositions - can be grounded in different aspects of the context in relation to an independent property of the trigger - Focus-sensitivity - which directly affects the discourse behavior of a trigger. The paper concludes with a discussion of some implications of the findings for linguistic theory, in particular anaphoricity.
A diagnostic, test-accuracy study to evaluate the ability of the Eye Guide Visual Tracking System and the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale to diagnose mild TBI and predict protracted recovery
Authors: Fernandez Laura Lucia , Griswold Dylan P , Fariyike Bunmi , Aristizabal Sarita , Perez Brian , Rubiano Andres M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and 100–300 individuals per every 100 000 seek medical care for mTBI annually. The Eye Guide is a portable device that evaluates oculomotor function. This device has promising potential to detect trauma-related neurological deficits that are otherwise undetected by a non-contrast computed tomography scan, the current gold standard. However, to our knowledge, a study has yet to be conducted that evaluates its ability to detect mTBIs specifically. By contrast, the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) is a 22-item, self-reported symptom survey that has become one of the most trusted tools in evaluating mTBI-related sequelae. Although this scale has been well validated in adolescent athletes, there is a notable lack of studies defining its clinical utility in adults with non-sports-related trauma. Patients with mTBI are expected to have detectable alterations in the PCSS score and the Eye Guide visual tracing. Thus, this study aims to determine each tool’s diagnostic accuracy in detecting mTBI and prognostic accuracy in predicting a protracted recovery in our patient population. Additionally, for both tools, we seek to establish cut-off values for future clinical decision-making in non-athlete, adult populations. A prospective, observational cohort test-accuracy study will be conducted in two clinics that form part of the ValleSalud Clinic Network in Cali, Colombia. Both are Level III referral trauma centers. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of both the Eye Guide and PCSS tests in diagnosing mTBI and predicting protracted recovery will serve as primary outcomes of the study. Additionally, the area under the curve analyses will be undertaken to determine the optimal sensitivity and specificity cut-offs for each test. The ground truth labels will be the diagnosis of mTBI by neurological examination as evaluated by an experienced neurosurgeon and recovery at 1 month post-injury according to the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. This study will follow the principles set forth by the Declaration of Helsinki.
Seen through Deep Time: Occult Clairvoyance and Palaeoscientific Imagination
Authors: Fallon Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dating from the middle of the nineteenth century, prominent paranormal researchers in Britain and the United States began to claim that they could see through time. Using clairvoyant powers, they proposed to solve the mysteries of geology and palaeontology, not least by filling in the missing links in the evolution of life. This article explores the literary outputs of these figures, with an especial focus on the Anglo-American ‘psychometers’ William and Elizabeth Denton and selected members of the Theosophical Society, including Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. I argue that clairvoyants’ narratives of exploration in the prehistoric past were heavily indebted not just to the technical concepts of mainstream palaeoscience, but also to the figurative language and visual iconography used by palaeoscientists and science writers, including their metaphors of necromancy and visual spectacle. The vivid language of Victorian palaeoscience, crafted to see the unseeable events of prehistory, has been studied in depth by students of literature and science; recently, literary scholars have paid increasing attention to the imaginative prose of occult science writing. I bring these bodies of scholarship together, contesting that Romantic conceptions of science motivated paranormal researchers to literalize the figurative language of time-travel deployed by more orthodox palaeoscientists. Examining the work of the Dentons, Blavatsky, and others, I show that that the vivid literature of palaeoscience inspired a realm where practitioners on the fringes of elite science could make bold if precarious claims, instilling individual agency into the abysm of deep time.
Excretion of triacylglycerol as a matrix lipid facilitating apoplastic accumulation of a lipophilic metabolite shikonin
Authors: Tatsumi Kanade , Ichino Takuji , Isaka Natsumi , Sugiyama Akifumi , Moriyoshi Eiko , Okazaki Yozo , Higashi Yasuhiro , Kajikawa Masataka , Tsuji Yoshinori , Fukuzawa Hideya , Toyooka Kiminori , Sato Mayuko , Ichi Ikuyo , Shimomura Koichiro , Ohta Hiroyuki , Saito Kazuki , Yazaki Kazufumi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plants produce a large variety of lipophilic metabolites, many of which are secreted by cells and accumulated in apoplasts. These compounds often play a role to protect plants from environmental stresses. However, little is known about how these lipophilic compounds are secreted into apoplastic spaces. In this study, we used shikonin-producing cultured cells of Lithospermum erythrorhizon as an experimental model system to analyze the secretion of lipophilic metabolites, taking advantage of its high production rate and the clear inducibility in culture. Shikonin derivatives are lipophilic red naphthoquinone compounds that accumulate exclusively in apoplastic spaces of these cells and also in the root epidermis of intact plants. Microscopic analysis showed that shikonin is accumulated in the form of numerous particles on the cell wall. Lipidomic analysis showed that L. erythrorhizon cultured cells secrete an appreciable portion of triacylglycerol (24–38% of total triacylglycerol), composed predominantly of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, in vitro reconstitution assay showed that triacylglycerol encapsulates shikonin derivatives with phospholipids to form lipid droplet-like structures. These findings suggest a novel role for triacylglycerol as a matrix lipid, a molecular component involved in the secretion of specialized lipophilic metabolites.
Intraday Changes and Clinical Applications of Thyroid Function Biomarkers in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Hua-Li , Zhou Chao-Qiong , He Da-Hai , Wu Feng , Li Hong-Chuan , Xie Qian-Rong , Luo Yu , Kong Li-Rui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
We evaluated the intraday changes of thyroid function biomarkers in healthy subjects to help clinicians diagnose thyroid diseases in appropriate timing.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from 31 subjects at 0:00, 4:00, 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 on the sampling day and analyzed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4). The intraday concentration changes were analyzed using Friedman’s 2-way analysis of variance by ranks.

Results
The concentrations of TSH, T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 in males were significantly higher than those in females (P &lt; .01). The obvious peak circadian rhythm of TSH was observed at 0:00 AM with gradual decline thereafter, whereas other biomarkers showed no rhythmic changes.

Conclusion
Sex differences should be considered in interpreting thyroid function tests. It is important to select the sampling time according to the clinician’s diagnostic needs, especially at night when TSH secretion peaks.
An Adjusted Process to Improve Efficiency and Efficacy of Adsorption Procedures to Resolve Warm Autoantibody Cases
Authors: Hukill Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
The presence of warm autoantibodies in patient plasma &#x2028;typically causes extended delays in patient care due to panreactive antibody identification tests. Adsorption is the primary method for resolution. A modified adsorption procedure was devised with the intent to minimize delays, and the aim of the study was to evaluate its efficacy.

Methods
To evaluate the in-house developed (experimental) adsorption method, specimens were tested in parallel with the standard adsorption method described in the AABB Technical Manual, 20th edition. Specimens selected demonstrated panreactivity at the submitting facility and contained adequate volume for parallel adsorption studies.

Results
Ninety specimens were tested with both methods. Ninety specimens achieved complete adsorption with the experimental method and 88 specimens achieved complete adsorption with the standard method. Two underlying alloantibodies, which have been reported to cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and potential renal graft rejection, were detected using the experimental method that the standard method failed to detect.

Conclusion
The experimental method demonstrated a significant reduction in rounds of adsorption required to resolve warm autoantibody reactivity, enhanced antibody detection ability with adsorbed plasma, and more cost-effective outcomes compared to the standard method. A follow-up study is planned to assess whether the incubation time can be decreased with the experimental method to further improve the efficiency of the method without sacrificing efficacy.
The GALAH survey: chemical clocks
Authors: Hayden Michael R , Sharma Sanjib , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Spina Lorenzo , Buder Sven , Ciucă Ioana , Asplund Martin , Casey Andrew R , De Silva Gayandhi M , D’Orazi Valentina , Freeman Ken C , Kos Janez , Lewis Geraint F , Lin Jane , Lind Karin , Martell Sarah L , Schlesinger Katharine J , Simpson Jeffrey D , Zucker Daniel B , Zwitter Tomaž , Chen Boquan , Čotar Klemen , Feuillet Diane , Horner Jonti , Joyce Meridith , Nordlander Thomas , Stello Dennis , Tepper-Garcia Thor , Ting Yuan-sen , Wang Purmortal , Wittenmyer Rob , Wyse Rosemary 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the first large-scale study that demonstrates how ages can be determined for large samples of stars through Galactic chemical evolution. Previous studies found that the elemental abundances of a star correlate directly with its age and metallicity. Using this knowledge, we derive ages for 214 577 stars in GALAH DR3 using only overall metallicities and chemical abundances. Stellar ages are estimated via the machine learning algorithm XGBoost for stars belonging to the Milky Way disc with metallicities in the range −1 &lt; [Fe/H] &lt; 0.5, using main-sequence turn-off stars as our training set. We find that stellar ages for the bulk of GALAH DR3 are precise to 1–2 Gyr using this method. With these ages, we replicate many recent results on the age-kinematic trends of the nearby disc, including the solar neighbourhood’s age–velocity dispersion relationship and the larger global velocity dispersion relations of the disc found using Gaia and GALAH. These results show that chemical abundance variations at a given birth radius are small, and that strong chemical tagging of stars directly to birth clusters may prove difficult with our current elemental abundance precision. Our results highlight the need to measure abundances for as many nucleosynthetic production sites as possible in order to estimate reliable ages from chemistry. Our methods open a new door into studies of the kinematic structure and evolution of the disc, as ages may potentially be estimated to a precision of 1–2 Gyr for a large fraction of stars in existing spectroscopic surveys.
Simulating the magnetorotational instability on a moving mesh with the shearing box approximation
Authors: Zier Oliver , Springel Volker 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe magnetorotational instability (MRI) is an important process in sufficiently ionized accretion discs, as it can create turbulence that acts as an effective viscosity, mediating angular momentum transport. Due to its local nature, it is often analysed in the shearing box approximation with Eulerian methods, which otherwise would suffer from large advection errors in global disc simulations. In this work, we report on an extensive study that applies the quasi-Lagrangian, moving-mesh code arepo, combined with the Dedner cleaning scheme to control deviations from $\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol B=0$, to the problem of magnetized flows in shearing boxes. We find that we can resolve the analytical linear growth rate of the MRI with mean background magnetic field well. In the zero net flux case, there is a threshold value for the strength of the divergence cleaning above which the turbulence eventually dies out, and in contrast to previous Eulerian simulations, the strength of the MRI does not decrease with increasing resolution. In boxes with larger vertical aspect ratio we find a mean-field dynamo, as well as an active shear current effect that can sustain MRI turbulence for at least 200 orbits. In stratified simulations, we obtain an active αω dynamo and the characteristic butterfly diagram. Our results compare well with previous results obtained with static grid codes such as athena. We thus conclude that arepo represents an attractive approach for global disc simulations due to its quasi-Lagrangian nature, and for shearing box simulations with large density variations due to its continuously adaptive resolution.
Optical variability, rotation period, and inclination angle of the M9.5 dwarf BRI 0021−0214
Authors: Dulaimi S , Golden A , Boyle R P , Butler R F 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe report I-band photometric observations of the radio-detected M9.5 dwarf BRI 0021−0214, obtained with the Galway Ultra Fast Imager on the 1.8 m Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT) at Mt. Graham International Observatory, Arizona. In total, 19 h of observations over a 73 d baseline were obtained. BRI 0021−0214 was shown to exhibit modulated emission with a period of 3.052 ± 0.004 h with a mean amplitude variability of 0.0044 mag. When combined with rotational velocity data obtained from previous work, our newly discovered rotation period gives an inclination angle of 51.7$^{+5.0}_{-4.5}$ deg for the rotation axis of BRI 0021-0214 relative to our line of sight. Previous studies have reported that the most plausible cause for optical variability from this dwarf is a consequence of suspended co-rotating dust clouds in its atmosphere. However, reports of enhanced Hα and intermittent coherent radio emission suggest the possibility of auroral activity in its magnetosphere. Further, more coordinated multiwavlength observations of this dwarf could fully resolve the nature of this elusive rapid-rotator object’s observational properties.
Ribosomal DNA Instability as a Potential Cause of Karyotype Evolution
Authors: Li Duojia , Gandhi Dhyey , Kumon Tomohiro , Yamashita Yukiko M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Karyotype refers to the configuration of the genome into a set of chromosomes. The karyotype difference between species is expected to impede various biological processes, such as chromosome segregation and meiotic chromosome pairing, potentially contributing to incompatibility. Karyotypes can rapidly change between closely related species and even among populations of the same species. However, the forces driving karyotype evolution are poorly understood. Here we describe a unique karyotype of a Drosophila melanogaster strain isolated from the Seychelles archipelago. This strain has lost the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus on the X chromosome. Because the Y chromosome is the only other rDNA-bearing chromosome, all females carry at least one Y chromosome as the source of rDNA. Interestingly, we found that the strain also carries a truncated Y chromosome (YS) that is stably maintained in the population despite its inability to support male fertility. Our modeling and cytological analysis suggest that the Y chromosome has a larger negative impact on female fitness than the YS chromosome. Moreover, we generated an independent strain that lacks X rDNA and has a karyotype of XXY females and XY males. This strain quickly evolved multiple karyotypes: two new truncated Y chromosomes (similar to YS), as well as two independent X chromosome fusions that contain the Y-derived rDNA fragment, eliminating females’ dependence on the Y chromosome. Considering that Robertsonian fusions frequently occur at rDNA loci in humans, we propose that rDNA loci instability may be one of driving forces of karyotype evolution.