bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic handcrafted features selection from computed tomography scans for early stage lungs cancer diagnosis using hybrid classifiers
Authors: Alyami Jabar , Khan Amjad Rehman , Bahaj Saeed Ali , Fati Suliman Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLung's cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Recently cancer mortality rate and incidence increased exponentially. Many patients with lung cancer are diagnosed late, so the survival rate is shallow. Machine learning approaches have been widely used to increase the effectiveness of cancer detection at an early stage. Even while these methods are efficient in detecting specific forms of cancer, there is no known technique that could be used universally and consistently to identify new malignancies. As a result, cancer diagnosis via machine learning algorithms is still fresh area of research. Computed tomography (CT) images are frequently employed for early cancer detection and diagnosis because they contain significant information. In this research, an automated lung cancer detection and classification framework is proposed which consists of preprocessing, three patches local binary pattern feature encoding, local binary pattern, histogram of oriented gradients features are extracted and fused. The fast learning network (FLN) is a novel machine‐learning technique that is fast to train and economical in terms of processing resources. However, the FLN's internal power parameters (weight and basis) are randomly initialized, resulting it an unstable algorithm. Therefore, to enhance accuracy, FLN is hybrid with K‐nearest neighbors to classify texture and appearance‐based features of lung chest CT scans from Kaggle dataset into cancerous and non‐cancerous images. The proposed model performance is evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity on the Kaggle benchmark dataset that is found comparable in state of the art using simple machine learning strategies.Research highlights
Fast learning network and K‐nearest neighbor hybrid classifier proposed first time for lung cancer classification using handcrafted features including three patches local binary pattern, local binary pattern, and histogram of oriented gradients.
Promising results obtained from novel simple combination.
Views of Israeli healthcare professionals regarding communication of genetic variants of uncertain significance to patients
Authors: Levin Fridman Alma , Raz Aviad , Timmermans Stefan , Shkedi‐Rafid Shiri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile genomic medicine is becoming an important part of patient care with an ever‐increasing diagnostic yield, communicating variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUSs) remains a major challenge. We draw on qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews conducted in 2020 with 20 Israeli healthcare professionals and stakeholders involved in communicating the results of genome‐wide sequencing to patients. Respondents described four main strategies of communicating VUSs to patients: preparing the patient pre‐test for uncertainty; adapting the level of detail to the patient's needs; upgrading versus downgrading the VUS; and following up on the possible reclassification of VUSs. These strategies were expressed differently by physicians and genetic counselors, varying according to their specialty and perception of the patient's situation. We discuss the strategic management and communication of uncertain genomic test results with patients in the context of meeting patients' expectations and working toward genetic causality through genomic narration and designation.
Efficient synthesis of benzo[h]carbazol[3,2‐b][1,6]naphthyridines
Authors: Ezhumalai Yamuna , Kumaresan Prabakaran , Matthias Zeller , Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of CuI as a promoter to examine amination in the reaction of aminocarbazole (1) and 2‐methyl‐4‐chloroquinoline (2) resulted in a functionalized series of substituted naphthylamino carbazole. After cyclization with polyphosphoric acid and benzoic acid/p‐toluic acid, new isomeric ellipticine derivatives of linear benzo[h]carbazol[3,2‐b][1,6]naphthyridines were obtained in high yield. The current method has the advantages of a straightforward methodology, a clean and mild reaction, a broad substrate range, and a high yield.
Identifying volatile and non‐volatile organic compounds to discriminate cultivar, growth location, and stage of ripening in olive fruits and oils
Authors: Greco Maria , Spadafora Natasha , Shine Martin , Smith Ann , Muto Antonella , Muzzalupo Innocenzo , Chiappetta Adriana , Bruno Leonardo , Müller Carsten , Rogers Hilary , Bitonti M. Beatrice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is increasing consumer demand for olive oil to be traceable. However, genotype, environmental factors, and stage of maturity, all affect the flavor and composition of both the olives and olive oil. Few studies have included all three variables. Key metabolites include lipids, phenolics, and a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which provide the olives and oil with their characteristic flavor. Here we aim to identify markers that are able to discriminate between cultivars, that can identify growth location, and can discriminate stages of fruit maturity. ‘Nocellara messinese’ and ‘Carolea’ olive fruits were grown at three locations differing in altitude in Calabria, Italy, and harvested at three stages of maturity. Oil was analyzed from the two most mature stages.RESULTSNine and 20 characters discriminated all fruit and oil samples respectively, and relative abundance of two fatty acids distinguished all oils. Whole VOC profiles discriminated among the least mature olives, and oil VOC profiles discriminated location and cultivar at both stages. Three VOCs putatively identified as hexanal, methyl acetate, and 3‐hexen‐1‐ol differentiated all samples of oils from the most mature fruit stage.CONCLUSIONThe results confirm that interactions of location, cultivar and fruit maturity stage are critical for the overall pattern of aroma compounds, and identify potential markers of commercial relevance. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance of the single‐event wind erosion evaluation program (SWEEP) model in assessing the impact of crop rotation, green manure, fertilizer, and tillage on wind erosion
Authors: Pi Huawei , Webb Nicholas P. , Huggins David R. , Sharratt Brenton , Li Sisi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAgricultural land management strategies have been applied to minimize wind erosion in the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW) due to their profound influence on various soil properties and crop residue characteristics. However, simulating soil loss in response to these treatment strategies remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to test the performance of the single‐event wind erosion evaluation program (SWEEP) in simulating soil loss from agricultural land under contrasting tillage, crop rotation, fertilizer, and green manure treatments in the iPNW. These management strategies appeared to impact residue characteristics but had little or no impact on soil properties except tillage treatments in the short term (<2 years). Tillage appeared to have a greater impact on soil properties and residue characteristics than other treatments. As a result, the performance of SWEEP varied among disk‐tillage (DT), undercutter‐tillage (UT), and NT (no‐tillage/zero‐tillage) treatments. No or little difference was found in the performance of SWEEP between winter wheat‐summer fallow (WW‐SF) and WW‐oilseed‐SF (WW‐O‐SF) crop rotations and synthetic and biosolids fertilizer treatments. In addition, the performance of SWEEP was acceptable for both crop rotation and fertilizer treatments. In contrast, poor agreement between simulated and measured erosion was found for manure treatments in which SWEEP over‐estimated erosion by 313 and 210% for no manure and manure treatments, respectively. The over‐estimation of SWEEP may be due to the over‐estimation of abrasion flux from the fully crusted soil surface. Our results suggest that SWEEP can be used to identify control measures for windblown soil loss in the iPNW.
Effects of tillage systems on soil organic carbon and some soil physical properties
Authors: Farahani Elham , Emami Hojat , Forouhar Majid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConservation tillage by increasing soil organic carbon can improve soil structure, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, the effects of three tillage systems [conventional (CT), reduced (RT), and no‐till (NT)] in a wheat‐maize crop rotation on soil organic carbon content (SOC) and some physical properties of a clay loam soil were investigated. The field experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the third year in northeastern Iran. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil were collected from 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths and analyzed to quantify SOC content, pore size distribution, hydraulic properties, and aggregate stability. SOC was higher in NT than in the RT and CT treatments, due to the use of cover crops (clover) and the retention of crop residues in this system. The highest water‐stable and macro‐aggregate content were also obtained in the NT system. The highest water contents (for most of the matric suctions) were found in the treatments CT and RT, which also had a high total soil porosity. It was found that tillage in CT and RT loosened the soil and thus increased the total porosity. The highest air‐entry value was found in the CT treatment at 15–30 cm depth, which contained the most micro‐aggregates. However, the maximumn‐value (shape parameter of the water retention curve) was obtained in the treatment with the largest pores, that is, NT at a depth of 15–30 cm. X‐ray images of the pore space and pore function data (dmean,dmode, anddmedian) showed that the largest soil pores were found in the NT treatment, probably due to the high SOC in the NT system. The results of this study showed that the effects of tillage systems on soil physical properties are strongly dependent on SOC. Based on the results of this study, the use of a no‐till system with crop rotation that includes cover crops and crop residue retention is recommended to increase soil organic matter and thereby improve soil structural stability in arid and semiarid regions.
Novel 1, 3, 5‐triazine derivative is a highly efficient inhibitor of corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in an acidic medium
Authors: Wei Cunhua , Xu Ge , Yu Jin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel triazine derivative, 2, 4‐diamino‐6‐dodecamido‐1, 3, 5‐triazine (DT), is synthesized by the dehydration condensation of melamine and lauric acid, and its inhibitive performances for the corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution is investigated by electrochemical polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscope. The results reveal that its best inhibition efficiency reaches 96.98% at a concentration of 2.5 g/L. The calculation results of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption of DT on carbon steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm with both physical and chemical adsorption. It is demonstrated that long‐chain amide (>8C) substituted 1, 3, 5‐triazine derivative has the synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of the surface fixation on metal iron and the hydrophobic adsorption layer.
Alpha and Beta Synucleins: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Application as Biomarkers
Authors: Barba Lorenzo , Paolini Paoletti Federico , Bellomo Giovanni , Gaetani Lorenzo , Halbgebauer Steffen , Oeckl Patrick , Otto Markus , Parnetti Lucilla 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe synuclein family includes three neuronal proteins, named α‐synuclein, β‐synuclein, and γ‐synuclein, that have peculiar structural features. α‐synuclein is largely known for being a key protein in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, namely, dementia with Lewy bodies and multisystem atrophy. The role of β‐synuclein and γ‐synuclein is less well understood in terms of physiological functions and potential contribution to human diseases. α‐synuclein has been investigated extensively in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood as a potential biomarker for synucleinopathies. Recently, great attention has been also paid to β‐synuclein, whose CSF and blood levels seem to reflect synaptic damage and neurodegeneration independent of the presence of synucleinopathy. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the pathophysiological roles of the synucleins. Because γ‐synuclein has been poorly investigated in the field of synucleinopathy and its pathophysiological roles are far from being clear, we focus on the interactions between α‐synuclein and β‐synuclein in PD. We also discuss the role of α‐synuclein and β‐synuclein as potential biomarkers to improve the diagnostic characterization of synucleinopathies, thus highlighting their potential application in clinical trials for disease‐modifying therapies. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A back‐projection‐and‐filtering‐like (BPF‐like) reconstruction method with the deep learning filtration from listmode data in TOF‐PET
Authors: Lv Li , Zeng Gengsheng L. , Zan Yunlong , Hong Xiang , Guo Minghao , Chen Gaoyu , Tao Weijie , Ding Wenxiang , Huang Qiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe time‐of‐flight (TOF) information improves signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Existing analytical algorithms for TOF PET usually follow a filtered back‐projection process on reconstructing images from the sinogram data. This work aims to develop a back‐projection‐and‐filtering‐like (BPF‐like) algorithm that reconstructs the TOF PET image directly from listmode data rapidly.MethodsWe extended the 2D conventional non‐TOF PET projection model to a TOF case, where projection data are represented as line integrals weighted by the one‐dimensional TOF kernel along the projection direction. After deriving the central slice theorem and the TOF back‐projection of listmode data, we designed a deep learning network with a modified U‐net architecture to perform the spatial filtration (reconstruction filter). The proposed BP‐Net method was validated via Monte Carlo simulations of TOF PET listmode data with three different time resolutions for two types of activity phantoms. The network was only trained on the simulated full‐dose XCAT dataset and then evaluated on XCAT and Jaszczak data with different time resolutions and dose levels.ResultsReconstructed images show that when compared with the conventional BPF algorithm and the MLEM algorithm proposed for TOF PET, the proposed BP‐Net method obtains better image quality in terms of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, relative mean square error, and structure similarity index; besides, the reconstruction speed of the BP‐Net is 1.75 times faster than BPF and 29.05 times faster than MLEM using 15 iterations. The results also indicate that the performance of the BP‐Net degrades with worse time resolutions and lower tracer doses, but degrades less than BPF or MLEM reconstructions.ConclusionIn this work, we developed an analytical‐like reconstruction in the form of BPF with the reconstruction filtering operation performed via a deep network. The method runs even faster than the conventional BPF algorithm and provides accurate reconstructions from listmode data in TOF‐PET, free of rebinning data to a sinogram.
FOXL2 regulates the expression of the Col4a1 collagen gene in chicken granulosa cells
Authors: Du Hongting , Guo Yan , Wu Xiaohui , Gong Yanzhang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractForkhead box L2 (FOXL2), one member in the superfamily of forkhead transcription factors, is a core transcription factor specifically expressed in ovarian granulosa cells and is essential for the development of follicles. FOXL2 has been shown to regulate the transcription of genes encoding enzymes that synthesize steroid hormones and estrogen receptors and regulate the expression of collagen genes in granulosa cells. This study explored the effect of FOXL2 on collagen gene expression in granulosa cells by overexpressing Foxl2 in pregranulosa cells, prehierarchical follicles and preovulation follicle granulosa cells. The results showed that FOXL2 regulated the expression of several genes encoding collagens in chicken granulosa cells and that overexpression of Foxl2 significantly reduced the messenger RNA and protein levels of Col4a1 in different granulosa cells. Moreover, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to study how FOXL2 regulates the expression of collagen genes, and the results showed that FOXL2 directly regulated the expression of Col4a1 by binding to the motif of CAGCAGCACCAGCAG between −640 and −625 bp upstream of the coding region. The results indicated that FOXL2 could regulate the components of the extracellular matrix; however, the biological significance of this regulation needs further clarification.
Guidelines for ethical behavior relating to clinical practice issues in neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine
Authors:   American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine Ethics Committee
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM) developed guidelines to formalize the ethical standards that neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic (EDX) physicians should observe in their clinical and scientific activities. Neuromuscular and EDX medicine is a subspecialty of medicine that focuses on evaluation, diagnosis, and comprehensive medical management, including rehabilitation of individuals with neuromuscular disorders. Physicians working in this subspecialty focus on disorders of the motor unit, including muscle, neuromuscular junction, axon, plexus, nerve root, anterior horn cell, and the peripheral nerves (motor and sensory). The neuromuscular and EDX physician's goal, working with other allied health professionals, is to diagnose and treat these conditions to mitigate their impact and improve the patient's quality of life. The guidelines are consistent with the Principles of Medical Ethics adopted by the American Medical Association and represent a revision of previous AANEM guidelines.
Stanniocalcin 1 is a serum biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HBV‐associated liver fibrosis
Authors: Chan Kristy Kwan‐Shuen , Hon Tsz‐Chun , Au Kwan‐Yung , Choi Hiu‐Lam , Wong Danny Ka‐Ho , Chan Albert Chi‐Yan , Yuen Man‐Fung , Lai Ching‐Lung , Lo Regina Cheuk‐Lam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStanniocalcin 1 (STC1), a secreted protein, is upregulated in human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While most HCCs develop from chronic liver disease, which involves progressive parenchymal injury and fibrosis, the role of STC1 in this preneoplastic stage remains poorly understood. In this study we investigated the clinical relevance and functional significance of secreted STC1 in liver fibrosis. To this end, the STC1 level was determined in the serum samples of chronic hepatitis B patients and correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis. Diagnostic performance of STC1 was analysed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The results were compared with other well‐characterised serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis: Aspartate transaminase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4). The functional role of STC1 was interrogated by in vitro experiments using cell line models. Expression of fibrogenic markers was quantified by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blotting. Our results showed that the serum STC1 level in chronic hepatitis B patients was positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis and showed a stepwise increase in accordance with the severity of fibrosis. The AUROCs for detecting significant fibrosis (>9.0 kPa) and cirrhosis (>12.0 kPa) was 0.911 and 0.880, respectively. STC1 demonstrated a superior specificity and positive predictive value when compared to APRI and FIB‐4. Consistent with this, STC1 was elevated in the liver tissues and sera of CCl4‐treated mice showing marked liver fibrosis. In vitro, STC1 was secreted by the human hepatic stellate cell line LX2. Human recombinant STC1 (rhSTC1) induced expression of fibrogenic markers in LX2 cells. The profibrogenic phenotype conferred by rhSTC1 or TGF‐β1 in LX2 cells could be attenuated using anti‐STC1 antibody. Taken together, STC1 is a specific serum biomarker for HBV‐associated liver fibrosis. STC1 functionally promotes liver fibrogenesis and is a potential actionable target. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Carbonized sunflower core based strain sensor for monitoring human motion
Authors: Liu Liang , Li Siyu , Zhao Chunxia , Chen Yunxin , Han Jin , Li Yuntao , Xiang Dong , Li Hui , Guo Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStrain sensors with high flexibility and sensitivity have gained significant research attention for wide applications in real‐time monitoring, human‐machine interactions and robot arms. Herein, the carbonized natural sunflower core (SFC) was encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a highly flexible strain sensor. In addition to the low‐cost and facile synthesis, the as‐prepared strain sensor demonstrated large sensitivity (maximum GF value of 48.1 at 40%–50% strain), excellent response range (0.5%–100%), and high stability and durability (more than 1000 cycles under repeated loading/releasing of 0.1% tensile strain). The excellent sensing performance could be realized under both compression and stress/strain format. Moreover, the as‐prepared flexible strain sensor could measure human movements, including tiny expression and vigorous joint motions, displaying great potential and promising applications in wearable devices.