bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubility of Platinum in Pyrite and Pyrrhotite
Authors: Filimonova O. N. , Akinfiev N. N. , Abramova V. D. , Kovalchuk E. V. , Chareev D. A. , Tagirov B. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A temperature range of processes leading to the concentration of Pt in the crust widely varies from high-temperature orthomagmatic to low-temperature hydrothermal and biogenic. Pyrite FeS2 and pyrrhotite Fe1–xS are important components of sulfide ores, which contain platinum-group elements. Fe sulfides typically host from a few hundreds to a few tens ppm of dispersed (invisible) Pt. In this work, we summarized the available data on the solubility of Pt in pyrite and pyrrhotite, supplement them with the results of synthesis of these minerals in the presence of Pt phases, and present a model that can describe the solubility of Pt in a broad range of temperature and S2 fugacity. The resulting equations allow the calculation of the solubility of Pt (ppm) in a temperature range of 300 < t < 1100°C and S2 fugacity up to the equilibrium with Sl. Tables with the solubility of Pt in pyrite and pyrrhotite depending on temperature and S2 fugacity are presented. Isopleths of the solubility of Pt in Fe sulfides are plotted on a log f(S2)–1000/T diagram. The analysis of the position of the main field of ore formation on this diagram showed that pyrite and pyrrhotite dissolve up to a few and a few hundreds of ppm Pt, respectively, upon conditions typical of ore formation: t < 700°C and log f(S2) < –4. These estimations coincide with maximum Pt contents determined in minerals of natural sulfide ores.
New Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease Longitudinal Cohort study (NTAD): study protocol
Authors: Lanskey Juliette Helene , Kocagoncu Ece , Quinn Andrew J , Cheng Yun-Ju , Karadag Melek , Pitt Jemma , Lowe Stephen , Perkinton Michael , Raymont Vanessa , Singh Krish D , Woolrich Mark , Nobre Anna C , Henson Richard N , Rowe James B 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionWith the pressing need to develop treatments that slow or stop the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, new tools are needed to reduce clinical trial duration and validate new targets for human therapeutics. Such tools could be derived from neurophysiological measurements of disease.Methods and analysisThe New Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease study (NTAD) aims to identify a biomarker set from magneto/electroencephalography that is sensitive to disease and progression over 1 year. The study will recruit 100 people with amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment or early-stage Alzheimer’s disease and 30 healthy controls aged between 50 and 85 years. Measurements of the clinical, cognitive and imaging data (magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography and MRI) of all participants will be taken at baseline. These measurements will be repeated after approximately 1 year on participants with Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment, and clinical and cognitive assessment of these participants will be repeated again after approximately 2 years. To assess reliability of magneto/electroencephalographic changes, a subset of 30 participants with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage Alzheimer’s disease will also undergo repeat magneto/electroencephalography 2 weeks after baseline. Baseline and longitudinal changes in neurophysiology are the primary analyses of interest. Additional outputs will include atrophy and cognitive change and estimated numbers needed to treat each arm of simulated clinical trials of a future disease-modifying therapy.Ethics and data statementThe study has received a favourable opinion from the East of England Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 18/EE/0042). Results will be disseminated through internal reports, peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations, website publication, submission to regulatory authorities and other publications. Data will be made available via the Dementias Platform UK Data Portal on completion of initial analyses by the NTAD study group.
Micronutrient deficiencies and anaemia associated with body mass index in Australian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Seifu Canaan Negash , Fahey Paul Patrick , Atlantis Evan 
Published: December 2022

AimTo estimate the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and anaemia, and their association with body mass index (BMI) categories among Australian adults.MethodWe analysed data from the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey from 3539 participants aged 18 years and over (without known pregnancy) with measured weight and height, and nutrient biomarkers. To address complex sampling, survey weights were used when estimating the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin B12deficiency; serum vitamin B12<145 pmol/L; iron deficiency; ferritin<30 µg/L and vitamin D deficiency; 25-hydroxyvitamin D<50 nmol/L) and anaemia (haemoglobin <120 g/L for females and <130 g/L for males) and when assessing associations with logistic regression models with adjusted ORs (AORs) for BMI categories: healthy weight (BMI 18.5 to <25.0 kg/m2), reference; overweight (BMI 25.0 to <30.0 kg/m2), obesity class I (BMI 30.0 to <35.0 kg/m2), obesity class II/III (BMI 35.0 kg/m2or more).ResultThe prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency (range 0.9%─2.8%) and anaemia (range 3.9%─6.7%) were variable across BMI groups. The prevalence of iron deficiency in the obesity class I group was 12.0 percentage points lower than healthy weight group with an AOR of 0.50 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.83). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the obesity class II/III group was 7.9 percentage points higher than the healthy weight group with an AOR of 1.62 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.60). Vitamin B12deficiency and anaemia were not consistently associated with BMI groups.ConclusionWe found a consistent association between severe obesity and vitamin D deficiency in Australian adults. We also found obesity class I was negatively associated with iron deficiency, whereas there was no consistent association between BMI groups and vitamin B12deficiency and anaemia. Public health strategies are needed to prevent vitamin D deficiency in this high-risk population.
Position management on pulmonary function and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yang Liu , Bao Zhengrong , Zhang Lianyu , Lei Xiaoping , Zhang Lingping 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common disease caused by various factors and mechanisms in premature infants. Owing to lung hypoplasia and the lack of alveolar surfactants in premature infants, oxygen therapy is often needed to maintain adequate breathing. Nevertheless, prolonged oxygen therapy can easily induce BPD, and there is currently no effective treatment. Therefore, the prevention of BPD in premature infants during hospitalisation is essential. Studies have revealed that the prone position can effectively improve the oxygenation of premature infants. However, a few studies have reported whether prone positioning can improve lung function and reduce BPD incidence. This trial will determine whether the prone position, compared with the supine position, can reduce BPD incidence and improve lung function in preterm infants.Methods and analysisThis study protocol is for a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial of the prone position in premature infants. Following daily feeding, premature infants will be placed in the lateral position for 30 min; then they will be turned to the supine position (control group) or prone position (intervention group) for 2 hours each in the morning and afternoon. Moreover, infants in both groups will be placed in the supine or lateral position alternately according to their medical needs for the remaining time. The study begins when the premature infants are stable within 5 days after admission and ends when they are discharged from the hospital or at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The primary outcome is the survival rate without BPD. The secondary outcomes include lung function parameters and lung oxygen saturation.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is approved by the ethics committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, (ref approval no.KY2021186). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100049847.
Correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults: cross-sectional analyses in the SCAPIS study
Authors: Börjesson Mats , Ekblom Örjan , Arvidsson Daniel , Heiland Emerald G , Väisänen Daniel , Bergström Göran , Ekblom-Bak Elin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify main sex-specific correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in a population-based, urban sample of Swedish adults.DesignCross-sectional.SettingMulti-site study at university hospitals, data from the Gothenburg site.ParticipantsA total of 5308 participants (51% women, aged 50–64 years) with a valid estimated VO2max, from submaximal cycle test, in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), were included.Primary and secondary outcomesA wide range of correlates were examined including (a) sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviours, (b) perceived health, anthropometrics and chronic conditions and (c) self-reported as well as accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Both continuous levels of estimated VO2max as well as odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI)s of low VO2max (lowest sex-specific tertile) were reported.ResultsIn multivariable regression analyses, higher age, being born abroad, short education, high waist circumference, poor perceived health, high accelerometer-derived time in sedentary and low in vigorous physical activity, as well as being passive commuter, correlated independently and significantly with low VO2max in both men and women (OR range 1.31–9.58). Additionally in men, financial strain and being an ex-smoker are associated with higher odds for low VO2max (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.48 and OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.80), while constant stress with lower odds (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85). Additionally in women, being a regular smoker is associated with lower odds for low VO2max (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.92).ConclusionsThe present study provides important reference material on CRF and correlates of CRF in a general middle-aged population, which can be valuable for future research, clinical practice and public health work. If relations are causal, increased knowledge about specific subgroups will aid in the development of appropriate, targeted interventions.
Local knowledge and derived practices of safety during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: a qualitative study among nurse-midwives in urban eastern Tanzania
Authors: Mwakawanga Dorkasi L , Mwilike Beatrice , Kaneko Morie , Shimpuku Yoko 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMaternal and newborn mortality are still high in low-income and middle-income countries despite global efforts to improve the quality of care by prioritising evidence-based practices and increasing the number of births attended by skilled personnel. During childbirth, women are hesitant to use the health facility services. Concerns about safety and risks during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period are deeply rooted in local health practices and beliefs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of local health knowledge and derived practices among nurse-midwives in urban eastern Tanzania.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study design was carried out in a district hospital in eastern Tanzania. Twenty-one nurse-midwives participated in two focus group discussions. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsBased on existing scientific data, local knowledge and derived practices were categorised as potentially beneficial, neither beneficial nor harmful and potentially harmful. Our study identified a wide range of local knowledge and derived practices used by women. These include to refrain from shouting or crying to prevent exhaustion during labour, drinks and foods restrictions during labour and after birth, and use of local herbs to stimulate labour. In addition, midwives reinforced the importance of integrating local knowledge and practices with potential benefits with evidence-based practices. Encouraging and listening to women would offer an opportunity to reduce harmful practices.ConclusionsWhile non-harmful and beneficial practices for ensuring safety during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period should be accepted and supported as a part of our cultural richness, harmful practices should be discouraged. This can be achieved through antenatal health education and afterbirth health messages on hospital discharge to promote positive childbirth health outcomes.
Acupuncture-assisted anaesthesia for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation to reduce the consumption of morphine hydrochloride and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Xuecheng , Wang Qi , Dong Yujiang , Jia Yuqi , Hou Zhihui , Deng Wenqi , Zhang Menghe , Mu Qiurun , Jia Hongling 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundPatients often experience postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) because of the use of opioids for anaesthesia and analgesia during the procedure. Some clinical trials have demonstrated that acupuncture-assisted anaesthesia (AAA) reduces opioid consumption and prevents PONV. Although several studies have been conducted on AAA, its safety and efficacy in AF catheter ablation remain unclear due to small sample sizes and a paucity of methodologically rigorous designs. Therefore, this trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AAA in reducing PONV and morphine hydrochloride consumption during catheter ablation.MethodsThis single-centre, patient-blinded, randomised, non-penetrating sham-controlled trial will be conducted in China. A total of 100 patients will be randomly assigned to the AAA and conventional anaesthesia (CA) groups in a ratio of 1:1. The patients will receive AAA or CA plus sham acupuncture during catheter ablation and will be followed up for 30 days. The primary outcomes include the total amount of morphine hydrochloride consumed during catheter ablation and PONV within the first 24 hours after the procedure. The secondary outcomes include pain, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, patient’s ability to cope during catheter ablation, AF recurrence and quality of life, as assessed using the numeric rating scale. Adverse events will be recorded and their influence will be analysed at the end of the trial.DiscussionThis study will help in evaluating the safety and efficacy of AAA applied for AF catheter ablation in reducing opioid doses during the procedure and the occurrence of PONV.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences if possible.Trial registration numberChiCTR 2100042646; Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
CMR feature tracking in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: patterns of myocardial strain and focal fibrosis
Authors: Chevalier Céleste , Kremer Katja , Cavus Ersin , Schneider Jan , Jahnke Charlotte , Schön Gerhard , Radunski Ulf K , Tahir Enver , Adam Gerhard , Lund Gunnar , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Muellerleile Kai 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThere is a paucity of data on cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed at describing global and segmental myocardial strain patterns and a potential association with the presence of focal myocardial scarring in DCM patients by CMR-FT.MethodsThirty-nine patients with DCM and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (mean 21±8%) underwent CMR including standard cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). We measured global LV longitudinal as well as global and segmental circumferential and radial strain. The presence of focal myocardial fibrosis was assessed on LGE images.ResultsNineteen patients had focal myocardial fibrosis on LGE images with the highest prevalence in the basal septal segments II and III, which were affected in 12 (63%) and 13 (68%) patients. Furthermore, there was a significantly lower average short-axis LV radial strain (LVSAX-RS) in these segments (4.89 (−1.55 to 11.34) %) compared with the average of the other myocardial segments (21.20 (17.36 to 25.05)%; p<0.001) after adjusting for LGE and left-bundle branch block (LBBB). In general, LV segments with LGE had lower model-based mean LVSAX-RS values (17.65 (10.37 to 24.93) %) compared with those without LGE (19.40 (15.43 to 23.37) %), but this effect was not significant after adjusting for the presence of LBBB (p=0.630).ConclusionOur findings revealed a coincidence of impaired radial strain and focal myocardial fibrosis in the basal septal LV myocardial segments of patients with DCM. Regardless of this pattern, we did not find a general, significant effect of myocardial fibrosis on strain in our cohort. Future studies are required to assess the potential prognostic implications of myocardial strain patterns in addition to the assessment of myocardial fibrosis in patients with DCM.
Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus-containing polymers for the generation of polymer-derived ceramics
Authors: Duggan Kelly C. , Watson Ian C. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: December 2022

Phosphorus-containing polymer networks as precursors to polymer-derived ceramics were prepared using a combination of three monomers (1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione or 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, tetraethylene glycol diallyl ether, and isobutyl phosphine). By varying the stoichiometry of these components, it was observed that key properties such as thermal stability, swellability, and ceramic yield after pyrolysis can be modified at will. Optimal stoichiometries to achieve the highest ceramic yields upon pyrolysis, while maintaining swellability, were determined. Cobalt was introduced into the networks by reaction of the tertiary phosphine fragments in the material with CpCo(CO)2. After pyrolysis of the metalated polymers at 800 °C, the resulting ceramics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
A história do mundo como grande estratégia: a simulação da modernidade no jogo eletrônico Europa Universalis IV
Authors: Pinto Neto Hermano do Amaral 
Published: December 2022

A indústria de entretenimento pode se apresentar como um importante meio de divulgação histórica e de popularização e naturalização de argumentos historiográficos e representações da história. Essa dinâmica também se faz presente em jogos eletrônicos que mobilizam o conhecimento histórico para simular períodos, processos, estruturas e acontecimentos históricos específicos. A retórica procedural dos jogos divulga e reafirma argumentos historiográficos através de suas representações normativas para um público não-especializado. Este artigo objetiva analisar a presença de noções e argumentos de história do mundo no jogo Europa Universalis IV. Através da análise crítica dos mecanismos do jogo e sua justaposição com a literatura especializada de história do mundo, será constatado que o jogo reproduz uma visão integracionista da história do mundo, que informa o entendimento da história por seus consumidores. Com a sua simulação histórica de zonas interativas, comércio internacional e difusão tecnológica, a retórica procedural de Europa Universalis IV, fundamentada em conhecimento historiográfico especializado, como a teoria do sistema-mundo, reproduz sua própria interpretação da história do mundo e pode convencer os jogadores no mesmo sentido.
Oligosaccharide Blocks PAR1 (Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1)-PAR4–Mediated Platelet Activation by Binding to Thrombin Exosite II and Impairs Thrombosis
Authors: Li Sujuan , Wang Weili , Lin Lisha , Yang Lian , Cai Ying , Yang Xingzhi , Zhang Taocui , Xiao Chuang , Yan Hui , Gao Na , Zhao Jinhua 
Published: December 2022

Background:

Inappropriate activation and aggregation of platelets can lead to arterial thrombosis. Thrombin is the most potent platelet agonist that activates human platelets via two PARs (proteinase-activated receptors), PAR1 and PAR4. The aim is to study the activity and mechanism of an oligosaccharide HS-11 (the undecasaccharide, derived from sea cucumber
Holothuria fuscopunctata
) in inhibiting thrombin-mediated platelet activation and aggregation and to evaluate its antithrombotic activity.

Methods:

Platelet activation was analyzed by detecting CD62P/P-selectin expression using flow cytometry. The HS-11-thrombin interaction and the binding site were studied by biolayer interferometry. Intracellular Ca
2+
mobilization of platelets was measured by FLIPR Tetra System using Fluo-4 AM (Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl). Platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and bleeding Assay were assessed.

Results:

An oligosaccharide HS-11, depolymerized from fucosylated glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber
Holothuria fuscopunctata
blocks the interaction of thrombin with PAR1 and PAR4 complex by directly binding to thrombin exosite II, and completely inhibits platelet signal transduction, including intracellular Ca
2+
mobilization and protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, HS-11 potently inhibits thrombin-PARs–mediated platelet aggregation and reduces thrombus formation in a model of ex vivo thrombosis.

Conclusions:
The study firstly report that the fucosylated glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharide has antiplatelet activity by binding to thrombin exosite II, and demonstrates that thrombin exosite II plays an important role in the simultaneous activation of PAR1 and PAR4, which may be a potential antithrombotic target for effective treatment of arterial thrombosis.