bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of severe acne vulgaris: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gryazeva N. V. , Tamrazova A. V. 
Published: May 2022

Severe forms of acne vulgaris are accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the quality of life and lead to scarring. Early and effective acne therapy is the prevention of the formation of persistent cosmetic defects.Aim. To identify risk factors and predictors for the development of severe forms of acne vulgaris.Materials and methods. Article searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials over the period from 15 years to 10/25/2021 for the keywords ‘severe acne’, ‘predictors’ and ‘risk factors’. A meta-analysis was prepared using the Review Manager software (RevMan 5.4.1), The Cochrane Collaboration (2020) in line with international guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA).Results. 38 publications were included in the review. Risk factors for the development of severe forms of acne vulgaris can be divided into nonmodifable (presence of acne in close relatives, male gender, oily skin type, changes in genes) and modifable (increased BMI, consumption of dairy products, Fast digesting carbohydrates, etc.) In the meta-analysis, a statistically signifcant increase in the risk of severe forms of acne vulgaris in the presence of a history of acne in a close family member was found to be 2.54 times (95 % CI [1.63, 3.91]). It was also found that men have a higher risk of developing severe forms than women (1.16 times {95 % CI [1.04, 1.30]}). People with a BMI higher than 25 (2.54 times {95 % CI [1.63, 3.91]}) and those who consume dairy products 1.59 times more often than three times a week (95 % CI [1.37, 1.85]).Conclusion. Understanding the main risk factors for the development of deep forms of acne vulgaris will help to suspect a severe course of the disease in the early stages and to prescribe effective therapy in time. Male gender, family history, elevated BMI, and dairy consumption suggest a high likelihood of early development of severe acne.
Systemic isotretinoin in treatment of severe seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Markelova E. M. 
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of evaluating the effectiveness of isotretinoin as the main drug therapy in patients with persistent and severe forms of seborrheic dermatitis.Materials and methods. 20 patients used systemic isotretinoin at a dose of 10 mg every second day for 12 weeks. The assessment of the quality of therapy was carried out by taking into account the dynamics of indicators at the 8th and 12th weeks. To assess the effectiveness of therapy evaluation scales of the dermatological index of the symptom scale and questionnaires of the dermatologists’ quality of life index DLQI (Dermatologists’ Quality of Life Index) were used.Results. According to the assessment of the scale of the dermatological index of symptoms, the greatest effectiveness of the drug was manifested in a decrease in skin erythema as a percentage from 76% at the 8th week of treatment to 91% at the 12th week of treatment from their initial manifestations. In addition, a pronounced effect was found in indicators of itching symptoms from 83% to 97% and desquamation from 79% to 95%, respectively. In addition, based on the DLQI questionnaire (Quality of Life Index in Dermatology), the data obtained demonstrated a distinct improvement in the quality of life of patients: both at the 8th week of treatment and after completion of therapy at the 12th week. From 79% at week 8 to 97% after treatment.Conclusions. The use of low doses of systemic isotretinoin proved to be an effective method of drug therapy for severe seborrheic dermatitis.
PyZebrascope: An Open-Source Platform for Brain-Wide Neural Activity Imaging in Zebrafish
Authors: Barbara Rani , Nagathihalli Kantharaju Madhu , Haruvi Ravid , Harrington Kyle , Kawashima Takashi 
Published: May 2022

Understanding how neurons interact across the brain to control animal behaviors is one of the central goals in neuroscience. Recent developments in fluorescent microscopy and genetically-encoded calcium indicators led to the establishment of whole-brain imaging methods in zebrafish, which record neural activity across a brain-wide volume with single-cell resolution. Pioneering studies of whole-brain imaging used custom light-sheet microscopes, and their operation relied on commercially developed and maintained software not available globally. Hence it has been challenging to disseminate and develop the technology in the research community. Here, we present PyZebrascope, an open-source Python platform designed for neural activity imaging in zebrafish using light-sheet microscopy. PyZebrascope has intuitive user interfaces and supports essential features for whole-brain imaging, such as two orthogonal excitation beams and eye damage prevention. Its camera module can handle image data throughput of up to 800 MB/s from camera acquisition to file writing while maintaining stable CPU and memory usage. Its modular architecture allows the inclusion of advanced algorithms for microscope control and image processing. As a proof of concept, we implemented a novel automatic algorithm for maximizing the image resolution in the brain by precisely aligning the excitation beams to the image focal plane. PyZebrascope enables whole-brain neural activity imaging in fish behaving in a virtual reality environment. Thus, PyZebrascope will help disseminate and develop light-sheet microscopy techniques in the neuroscience community and advance our understanding of whole-brain neural dynamics during animal behaviors.
Deep-Learning-Based Hemoglobin Concentration Prediction and Anemia Screening Using Ultra-Wide Field Fundus Images
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Meng Lihui , Su Hao , Lv Bin , Lv Chuanfeng , Xie Guotong , Chen Youxin 
Published: May 2022

Background:Anemia is the most common hematological disorder. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate a deep-learning model to predict Hgb concentrations and screen anemia using ultra-wide-field (UWF) fundus images.Methods:The study was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Optos color images taken between January 2017 and June 2021 were screened for building the dataset. ASModel_UWF using UWF images was developed. Mean absolute error (MAE) and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were used to evaluate its performance. Saliency maps were generated to make the visual explanation of the model.Results:ASModel_UWF acquired the MAE of the prediction task of 0.83 g/dl (95%CI: 0.81–0.85 g/dl) and the AUC of the screening task of 0.93 (95%CI: 0.92–0.95). Compared with other screening approaches, it achieved the best performance of AUC and sensitivity when the test dataset size was larger than 1000. The model tended to focus on the area around the optic disc, retinal vessels, and some regions located at the peripheral area of the retina, which were undetected by non-UWF imaging.Conclusion:The deep-learning model ASModel_UWF could both predict Hgb concentration and screen anemia in a non-invasive and accurate way with high efficiency.
A New Strategy for Efficient Retrospective Data Analyses for Designer Benzodiazepines in Large LC-HRMS Datasets
Authors: Pan Meiru , Rasmussen Brian Schou , Dalsgaard Petur Weihe , Mollerup Christian Brinch , Nielsen Marie Katrine Klose , Nedahl Michael , Linnet Kristian , Mardal Marie 
Published: May 2022

The expanding and dynamic market of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) poses challenges for laboratories worldwide. The retrospective data analysis (RDA) of previously analyzed samples for new targets can be used to investigate analytes missed in the first data analysis. However, RDA has historically been unsuitable for routine evaluation because reprocessing and reevaluating large numbers of forensic samples are highly work- and time-consuming. In this project, we developed an efficient and scalable retrospective data analysis workflow that can easily be tailored and optimized for groups of NPSs. The objectives of the study were to establish a retrospective data analysis workflow for benzodiazepines in whole blood samples and apply it on previously analyzed driving-under-the-influence-of-drugs (DUID) cases. The RDA workflow was based on a training set of hits in ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) data files, corresponding to common benzodiazepines that also had been analyzed with a complementary UHPLC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method. Quantitative results in the training set were used as the true condition to evaluate whether a hit in the UHPLC-QTOF-MS data file was true or false positive. The training set was used to evaluate and set filters. The RDA was used to extract information from 47 DBZDs in 13,514 UHPLC-QTOF-MS data files from DUID cases analyzed from 2014 to 2020, with filters on the retention time window, count level, and mass error. Sixteen designer and uncommon benzodiazepines (DBZDs) were detected, where 47 identifications had been confirmed by using complementary methods when the case was open (confirmed positive finding), and 43 targets were not reported when the case was open (tentative positive finding). The most common tentative and confirmed findings were etizolam (n = 26), phenazepam (n = 13), lorazepam (n = 9), and flualprazolam (n = 8). This method efficiently found DBZDs in previously acquired UHPLC-QTOF-MS data files, with only nine false-positive hits. When the standard of an emerging DBZD becomes available, all previously acquired DUID data files can be screened in less than 1 min. Being able to perform a fast and accurate retrospective data analysis across previously acquired data files is a major technological advancement in monitoring NPS abuse.
One-Shot Full-Range Quantification of Multi-Biomarkers With Different Abundance by a Tandem Giant Magnetoresistance Assay
Authors: Meng Fanda , Zhang Lei , Lian Jie , Huo Weisong , Shi Xizeng , Gao Yunhua 
Published: May 2022

In this study, we reported a tandem giant magnetoresistance (GMR) assay that realized the one-shot quantification of multi-biomarkers of infection, C-reactive protein (CRP) with procalcitonin (PCT), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), all of which could cover their clinically relevant concentration ranges under a different principle. In the presence of co-determined assay, we quantified these three biomarkers in undiluted human blood serum in a single test. The tandem principle, based on which quantification of CRP occurs, combines a sandwich assay and an indirect competitive assay, which allows for the discrimination of the concentration values resulting from the multivalued dose-response curve (‘Hook’ effect), which characterizes the one-step sandwich assay at high CRP concentrations. However, the entire diagnostically dynamic range, in the quantification of PCT and NGAL, was achieved by differential coating of two identical GMR sensors operated in tandem and by combining two standard curves. The sensor quantified low detection limits and a broader dynamic range for the detection of infection biomarkers. The noticeable features of the assay are its dynamic range and small sample volume requirement (50 μL), and the need for a short measurement time of 15 min. These figures of merit render it a prospective candidate for practical use in point-of-care analysis.
Changes in the Left Ventricular Eicosanoid Profile in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sosnowski Deanna K. , Jamieson K. Lockhart , Darwesh Ahmed M. , Zhang Hao , Keshavarz-Bahaghighat Hedieh , Valencia Robert , Viveiros Anissa , Edin Matthew L. , Zeldin Darryl C. , Oudit Gavin Y. , Seubert John M. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveMetabolites derived from N−3 and N−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the heart. However, contribution of these lipid mediators to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-associated mitochondrial dysfunction remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize DCM-specific alterations in the PUFA metabolome in conjunction with cardiac mitochondrial quality in human explanted heart tissues.MethodsLeft ventricular tissues obtained from non-failing control (NFC) or DCM explanted hearts, were assessed for N−3 and N−6 PUFA metabolite levels using LC-MS/MS. mRNA and protein expression of CYP2J2, CYP2C8 and epoxide hydrolase enzymes involved in N−3 and N−6 PUFA metabolism were quantified. Cardiac mitochondrial quality was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, measurement of respiratory chain complex activities and oxygen consumption (respiratory control ratio, RCR) during ADP-stimulated ATP production.ResultsFormation of cardioprotective CYP-derived lipid mediators, epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), and their corresponding diols were enhanced in DCM hearts. These findings were corroborated by increased expression of CYP2J2 and CYP2C8 enzymes, as well as microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase enzymes, suggesting enhanced metabolic flux and EpFA substrate turnover. DCM hearts demonstrated marked damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure and attenuated mitochondrial function. Incubation of fresh DCM cardiac fibers with the protective EpFA, 19,20-EDP, significantly improved mitochondrial function.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that increased expressions of CYP-epoxygenase enzymes and epoxide hydrolases in the DCM heart correspond with enhanced PUFA-derived EpFA turnover. This is accompanied by severe mitochondrial functional impairment which can be rescued by the administration of exogenous EpFAs.
Perioperative and Short-Term Outcomes of Sinus Replacement and Conservative Repair for Aortic Root in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Yi , Qian Xiangyang , Guo Hongwei , Wei Yizhen , Yu Cuntao , Sun Xiaogang , Wei Bo , Ma Qiong , Shi Yi 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTo compare outcomes between sinus replacement (SR) and conservative repair (CR) for dissected roots with normal size.MethodsFrom October 2018 to April 2021, a prospective cohort study was carried out. Patients were assigned to two groups (SR group and CR group) according to whether they underwent sinus replacement. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust preoperative variables and Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis.ResultsThree hundred and eighty-seven patients were enrolled. In the whole cohort, 18 patients (4.7%) died postoperatively. The operative mortality of SR group was comparable to CR group (3.2% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.192 before matching; 3.5% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.267 after matching) and the incidence of hemostasis management under restarted cardiopulmonary bypass for root bleeding was lower in SR group (1.6% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.002 before matching; 2.1% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.03 after matching). The median follow-up duration was 12 months. There were 3 reoperations in the CR group. The estimated cumulative event rate of reoperation was 1.1 % at 12 months and 1.6% at 24 months in CR group, with a trend of a lower rate in the SR group (log-rank p = 0.089 before matching, p = 0.075 after matching). There was one late death in each group. The estimated cumulative event rate of death was 3.8% at 12 months and 24 months in the SR group, and was 6.6% in the CR group with no significant difference (log-rank p = 0.218 before matching, p = 0.120 after matching). Aortic regurgitation significantly improved postoperatively and remained stable during follow-up.ConclusionsSinus replacement is a simple, safe, and effective technique for repairing severely dissected sinus with a comparable time spent in operation and excellent immediate and short-term results. It had the advantages of eliminating false lumen and avoiding aortic root bleeding.
Elastin Insufficiency Confers Proximal and Distal Pulmonary Vasculopathy in Mice, Partially Remedied by the KATP Channel Opener Minoxidil: Considerations and Cautions for the Treatment of People With Williams-Beuren Syndrome
Authors: Knutsen Russell H. , Gober Leah M. , Kronquist Elise K. , Kaur Maninder , Donahue Danielle R. , Springer Danielle , Yu Zu Xi , Chen Marcus Y. , Fu Yi-Ping , Choobdar Feri , Nguyen My-Le , Osgood Sharon , Freeman Joy L. , Raja Neelam , Levin Mark D. , Kozel Beth A. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundWilliams Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a recurrent microdeletion disorder that removes one copy of elastin (ELN), resulting in large artery vasculopathy. Early stenosis of the pulmonary vascular tree is common, but few data are available on longer-term implications of the condition.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) angiogram (n = 11) and echocardiogram (n = 20) were performed in children with WBS aged 3.4–17.8 years. Controls (n = 11, aged 4.4–16.8 years) also underwent echocardiogram. Eln+/− mice were analyzed by invasive catheter, echocardiogram, micro-CT (μCT), histology, and pressure myography. We subsequently tested whether minoxidil resulted in improved pulmonary vascular endpoints.ResultsWBS participants with a history of main or branch pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis requiring intervention continued to exhibit increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP, echocardiogram) relative to their peers without intervention (p &lt; 0.01), with no clear difference in PA size. Untreated Eln+/− mice also show elevated RVSP by invasive catheterization (p &lt; 0.0001), increased normalized right heart mass (p &lt; 0.01) and reduced caliber branch PAs by pressure myography (p &lt; 0.0001). Eln+/− main PA medias are thickened histologically relative to Eln+/+ (p &lt; 0.0001). Most Eln+/− phenotypes are shared by both sexes, but PA medial thickness is substantially greater in Eln+/− males (p &lt; 0.001). Eln+/− mice showed more acute proximal branching angles (p &lt; 0.0001) and longer vascular segment lengths (p &lt; 0.0001) (μCT), with genotype differences emerging by P7. Diminished PA acceleration time (p &lt; 0.001) and systolic notching (p &lt; 0.0001) were also observed in Eln+/− echocardiography. Vascular casting plus μCT revealed longer generation-specific PA arcade length (p &lt; 0.0001), with increased PA branching detectable by P90 (p &lt; 0.0001). Post-weaning minoxidil decreased RVSP (p &lt; 0.01) and normalized PA caliber (p &lt; 0.0001) but not early-onset proximal branching angle or segment length, nor later-developing peripheral branch number.ConclusionsVascular deficiencies beyond arterial caliber persist in individuals with WBS who have undergone PA stenosis intervention. Evaluation of Eln+/− mice reveals complex vascular changes that affect the proximal and distal vasculatures. Minoxidil, given post-weaning, decreases RVSP and improves lumen diameter, but does not alter other earlier-onset vascular patterns. Our data suggest additional therapies including minoxidil could be a useful adjunct to surgical therapy, and future trials should be considered.
Development of a Consensus-Based Cross-Domain Protocol for the Management of Elastic Compression Stocking Therapy in Patients With Deep Venous Thrombosis and Chronic Venous Disease: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Schreurs Rachel H. P. , Joore Manuela A. , ten Cate Hugo , ten Cate-Hoek Arina J. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveElastic compression stocking (ECS) therapy is commonly used in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and chronic venous disease (CVD). The provision of ECS therapy is complex, and studies indicate a lack of practical guidance and suboptimal collaboration among health care professionals. We aimed to reach consensus on critical issues of ECS therapy among the involved health care professionals and patients.MethodsA three-round modified Delphi analysis was performed in the Netherlands in which 56 health care professionals (internists, dermatologists, general practitioners, emergency room nurses, home care nurses, medical stocking suppliers, and occupational therapists) and seven patients were invited. The 21 statements included in this analysis were based on information collected from a previously conducted Functional Resonance Analysis Method and Realist Evaluation. We used 7-point Likert scale questions and a 75% threshold for consensus.ResultsOf the 63 persons invited for this study, 59 (94%) agreed to participate and responded in the first questionnaire round; of whom 52 were health care professionals and seven were patients (five DVT and two CVD). The overall response rate for the three questionnaire rounds was 91%. After completion of the rounds, full consensus was achieved on 19 out of 21 statements. No consensus was reached on the need for a follow-up appointment for CVD patients and who should be responsible to determine the ECS type (custom-made or standard).ConclusionWe identified 19 consensus-driven recommendations on treatment decisions and collaboration in ECS therapy among an interdisciplinary panel of health care professionals and patients. These recommendations form a basis for consensus-driven optimization of ECS therapy and should ideally be incorporated in a general cross-domain protocol for ECS therapy in patients with DVT and CVD.
Can Industrial Relocation Reduce Air Pollution? Evidence From a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China
Authors: Ge Tao , Lv Xuchen , Ma Li , Shen Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2022

To reduce the increasingly severe air pollution caused by rapid industrialization, China has introduced a National Industrial Relocation Demonstration Zones (NIRDZs) policy. This paper takes the NIRDZs as a quasi-natural experiment and employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to test the effects of industrial relocation on air pollution based on panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2018. Results show that the NIRDZs have an inhibitory effect on SO2 emissions, although their local effect is significant in the first 5 years and their spillover effect only occurs within 50–100 km. Mechanism analysis reveals that the NIRDZs reduce air emissions by rationalizing and upgrading the industrial structure. Additionally, further discussions suggest that cities with moderate administrative areas and abundant natural resources should be prioritized as pilot cities, and industries including nonferrous metals, steel, automotive, new energy, new materials, and producer services should be designated as priority industries.
Pharmacokinetics and Genetic Factors of Atorvastatin in Healthy Korean Subjects
Authors: Kim Serim , Seo Jong Do , Yun Yeo-Min , Kim Hanah , Kim Tae-Eun , Lee Taeheon , Lee Tae-Rim , Lee Jun Hyung , Cho Eun-Hae , Ki Chang-Seok 
Published: May 2022

Background: Statins are the most popular agents for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease; however, the pharmacokinetic parameters and associated genetic factors in the Korean population have not been fully elucidated. This study explored the pharmacokinetic properties of atorvastatin and the association between genetic variations and atorvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy Korean subjects.Methods: Atorvastatin (80 mg) was administered to 35 healthy Korean volunteers. Plasma levels of atorvastatin and its metabolites were measured sequentially using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from 0 to 24 h after atorvastatin administration. Customized next-generation sequencing analysis was performed covering all coding exons of 15 genes, as well as 46 single-nucleotide variants in 29 genes related to statin pharmacokinetics.Results: The mean area under the concentration-time (AUC) and Cmax (maximum peak concentration) were 269.0 ng/ml∙h and 84.3 ng/ml, respectively, which were approximately two times higher than those reported in Caucasians. Genetic analysis revealed that eight genetic variants in ABCB1, ABCG2, APOA5, CETP, and CYP7A1 contributed to the AUC of atorvastatin. The atorvastatin AUC0–24 h prediction model was developed based on age and eight genetic variants using multivariate linear regression (adjusted R2 = 0.878, p &lt; 0.0001).Conclusion: This study shows that the pharmacokinetic properties of atorvastatin in Koreans are different from those in Caucasians and that atorvastatin AUC0–24 h could be predicted based on age and eight genetic variants of ABCB1, ABCG2, APOA5, CETP, and CYP7A1.