bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swarmalators under competitive time-varying phase interactions
Authors: Sar Gourab K , Nag Chowdhury Sayantan , Perc Matjaž , Ghosh Dibakar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Swarmalators are entities with the simultaneous presence of swarming and synchronization that reveal emergent collective behavior due to the fascinating bidirectional interplay between phase and spatial dynamics. Although different coupling topologies have already been considered, here we introduce time-varying competitive phase interaction among swarmalators where the underlying connectivity for attractive and repulsive coupling varies depending on the vision (sensing) radius. Apart from investigating some fundamental properties like conservation of center of position and collision avoidance, we also scrutinize the cases of extreme limits of vision radius. The concurrence of attractive–repulsive competitive phase coupling allows the exploration of diverse asymptotic states, like static π, and mixed phase wave states, and we explore the feasible routes of those states through a detailed numerical analysis. In sole presence of attractive local coupling, we reveal the occurrence of static cluster synchronization where the number of clusters depends crucially on the initial distribution of positions and phases of each swarmalator. In addition, we analytically calculate the sufficient condition for the emergence of the static synchronization state. We further report the appearance of the static ring phase wave state and evaluate its radius theoretically. Finally, we validate our findings using Stuart–Landau oscillators to describe the phase dynamics of swarmalators subject to attractive local coupling.
Application of 2 × 5 MPX3 camera with monolithic sensor for phase contrast imaging and computed tomography
Authors: Vavrik D. , Dudak J. , Kumpova I. , Zemlicka J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work focuses on the non-destructive identification of delamination in layered structures utilizing the X-ray phase contrast effect. This effect naturally occurs on sharp edges, material interfaces and fine textures, and can be retrieved from radiographic data even without any grating in special cases, as will be demonstrated for the layered carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites used in the aerospace industry. Such delamination can be described as the local disbonding of composite layers, which often occurs due to the cyclic loading of the structural elements while in service. Such a flaw may significantly decrease its bearing capacity, and therefore periodic non-destructive inspection is needed. Aside from ultrasound inspection, which provides limited resolution and detectability, X-ray imaging and tomography is widely used in practise. Nevertheless, the identification of delamination may be difficult utilizing X-ray computed tomography, as delaminated faces may remain in contact — the defect has negligible volume. On the other hand, the distance between faces is not relevant for X-ray phase contrast imaging. In addition, access to the structural elements is often limited for X-ray imaging. For shaped parts, it will be shown in this work that limited access is not as critical a problem in comparison with standard computed tomography.
Annual water deficit in response to climate variabilities across the globe
Authors: Yin Dongqin , Li Qian , Li Xiang , Zhu Ruirui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Severe water deficits due to abnormal climatic conditions can be observed in hydrology and agriculture and can be assessed by various characteristics of the water system that showdifferent responses to climate variability. This paper comprehensively investigates the sensitivities of hydrological (i.e. streamflow and water storage) and agricultural (i.e. plant water availability) water deficits to climate variability at a global scale from a hydrological cycle perspective. The sensitivities of 77 large basins across the globe are quantified by both multiple linear regression (MLR) and the Budyko framework based on a newly released terrestrial water cycle dataset. We find that streamflow and water storage deficits are generally more sensitive to rainfall variation, while plant water availability is more responsive to variations of potential evapotranspiration. The climate sensitivities of the water deficit indices are shown to vary with the wetness index and are shaped by catchment surface properties like water storage capacity. The sensitivities of streamflow deficits to rainfall are higher in wetter regions, while the sensitivities of plant water availability to potential evapotranspiration are higher in drier regions. The findings about the divergent responses in water deficit indices can be conducive to developing region-dependent water resource management strategies to alleviate water deficits under a changing environment.
Kinetics and percolation: coke in heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the conventional lattice percolation models, bonds or sites are open at random, whereas in reality there is often interplay of percolation and the kinetics under consideration. An interesting and practically important example is hydrocarbon conversion occurring in a reactor containing

∼
1

mm-sized porous pellets with catalytic nanoparticles deposited at walls of the nanopores. Such catalytic heterogeneous reactions are often accompanied by coke formation deactivating catalytic nanoparticles and blocking pores for reactant diffusion, so that one needs to remove coke from time to time e.g. via reaction with oxygen. Herein, I first present generic coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations of coke formation in a single pellet with the emphasis on the reaction regime influenced by reactant diffusion in pores. Then, the obtained coke distributions are used for similar simulations of coke removal. This combination of the models has allowed me to illustrate qualitatively new spatio-temporal regimes of the processes under consideration. For example, the removal of coke can be slow in the beginning, due to blocking of oxygen diffusion near the external pellet-gas interface and preventing its penetration to the central part of a pellet, and then fast when the pathways for diffusion to the center become to be open.
On the Einstein relation between mobility and diffusion coefficient in an active bath
Authors: Solon Alexandre , Horowitz Jordan M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An active bath, made of self-propelling units, is a nonequilibrium medium in which the Einstein relation D = μk
B
T between the mobility μ and the diffusivity D of a tracer particle cannot be expected to hold a priori. We consider here heavy tracers for which these coefficients can be related to correlation functions which we estimate. We show that, to a good approximation, an Einstein relation does hold in an active bath upon using a different temperature which is defined mechanically, through the pressure exerted on the tracer.
The Evolution of Life Cycle Assessment Approach: A Review of Past and Future Prospects
Authors: Amahmoud Aliaa , El Attar Mohamed M , Meleishy Alaa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is consensus evidence that the thousands of years known earth’s capability to sustain life has been seriously eroded, especially since the industrial revolution. Modern forms of human existence related to prompt economic development have given a massive share in the permanent degradation of the plant, its ecosystem, resources, and quality of life of its inhabitants. Consecutively, there is increasing environmental awareness in material use and its environmental impacts, resulting in the proliferation of environmental assessment tools such as Life Cycle Assessment approaches. Ever since the first approach was proposed in the 1960s, LCA has undergone robust development in both approaches and applications. It is now a well-known and widely used tool across the industry, academia, and policy. So, this paper aims to introduce the LCA hotspots in history with a highlight on the main five periods: Early years period, conception period, standardization period, elaboration period, concept period. It is vital to address the growth in the futuristic aspiration of the new methodology related to integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM) with the LCA procedure to provide real-time results in the early design stages.
A Study of Biophilic design and how it relates to the children’s hospitals design
Authors: Abo Sabaa S G , Abdel Azem M , Al-Shanwany H , El-Ibrashy M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a modern design approach, biophilic design encourages the incorporation of natural components into the built environment, which has a substantial impact on human health, well-being, and productivity. The research aims to shed light on the architecture trends during the past period that addressed the design of children’s hospitals, and among these recent trends is the biophilic design, which addresses with the impact of the natural environment surrounding users within health care buildings and its great impact on improving the mental health of children’s hospital users, to suit it with the personality and tendencies of the child, and its reflection on raising the child’s morale which brings him comfort during his treatment period, and increased recovery rates. The research is based on a common strategy between the historical and the descriptive approach, to evaluate the experience of adding biophilic design patterns as a competitive advantage to raise the efficiency of children’s hospitals, which is reflected in providing a good experience for patients. The results will indicate Biophilic architecture is more inclusive than trends that uses or mimics nature in design, because of it is the genetic tendencies that humans have to be affected by nature, whether physical, emotional, or psychological.
A scalable helium gas cooling system for trapped-ion applications
Authors: Lebrun-Gallagher F R , Johnson N I , Akhtar M , Weidt S , Bretaud D , Hile S J , Owens A , Bonus F , Hensinger W K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microfabricated ion-trap devices offer a promising pathway towards scalable quantum computing. Research efforts have begun to focus on the engineering challenges associated with developing large-scale ion-trap arrays and networks. However, increasing the size of the array and integrating on-chip electronics can drastically increase the power dissipation within the ion-trap chips. This leads to an increase in the operating temperature of the ion-trap and limits the device performance. Therefore, effective thermal management is an essential consideration for any large-scale architecture. Presented here is the development of a modular cooling system designed for use with multiple ion-trapping experiments simultaneously. The system includes an extensible cryostat that permits scaling of the cooling power to meet the demands of a large network. Following experimental testing on two independent ion-trap experiments, the cooling system is expected to deliver a net cooling power of 111 W at ∼70 K to up to four experiments. The cooling system is a step towards meeting the practical challenges of operating large-scale quantum computers with many qubits.
Pre- and Perinatal Factors Predicting Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study with Fifty Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Velosa Monica , Hochner Hagit , Yerushalmi Baruch , Harel Sasha , Friss Chagit , Calderon-Margalit Ronit , Paltiel Ora , Manor Orly , Balicer Ran D , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Ledderman Natan , Matz Eran , Peter Inga , Friedlander Yechiel , Turner Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Pre- and perinatal events may be associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal factors as potential risk factors for the development of IBD in a population with a follow-up of 50 years.

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study, reporting IBD incidence among individuals born in 1964–76, for whom pre- and perinatal exposures were reported as part of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study [JPS], by linking them to the database of the epidemiology group of the Israeli IBD Research Nucleus [epi-IIRN], including all IBD patients in Israel since 2005 and their matched controls.

Results
We identified 2789 individuals within the epi-IIRN cohort who were also included in the JPS cohort [n = 90 079]: 746 IBD patients (405 with Crohn’s disease [CD] and 341 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 2043 non-IBD controls. Those with a ‘Non-western’ family origin had decreased odds of developing CD and UC. High socioeconomic status was associated with CD but not UC. Low birth weight [≤2500 g] occurred less frequently in IBD cases compared to controls, especially in UC patients, showing a protective effect. Being the first born was associated with CD, and having older siblings lowered the odds of developing CD, decreasing 7% with each additional sibling. Smoking and breastfeeding data were available for a subset of individuals, but neither was associated with IBD development.

Conclusion
This population-based study identifies several pre- and perinatal variables as predictors of IBD development. This information may be helpful to facilitate implementation of early diagnosis interventions and family follow-up protocols.
Rocks support a distinctive and consistent mycobiome across contrasting dry regions of Earth
Authors: Coleine Claudia , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Albanese Davide , Singh Brajesh K , Stajich Jason E , Selbmann Laura , Egidi Eleonora 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRock-dwelling fungi play critical ecological roles in drylands, including soil formation and nutrient cycling; however, we know very little about the identity, function and environmental preferences of these important organisms, and the mere existence of a consistent rock mycobiome across diverse arid regions of the planet remains undetermined. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of rock fungi and spatially associated soil communities, surveyed across 28 unique sites spanning four major biogeographic regions (North America, Arctic, Maritime and Continental Antarctica) including contrasting climates, from cold and hot deserts to semiarid drylands. We show that rocks support a consistent and unique mycobiome that was different from that found in surrounding soils. Lichenized fungi from class Lecanoromycetes were consistently indicative of rocks across contrasting regions, together with ascomycetous representatives of black fungi in Arthoniomycetes, Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. In addition, compared with soil, rocks had a lower proportion of saprobes and plant symbiotic fungi. The main drivers structuring rock fungi distribution were spatial distance and, to a larger extent, climatic factors regulating moisture and temperature (i.e. mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation), suggesting that these paramount and unique communities might be particularly sensitive to increases in temperature and desertification.
Identification and analysis of Rap–Phr system in Bacillus cereus 0–9
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Liu Qing , Xu Feng Hua , Liu Huiping , Zhang Juanmei , Liu Fengying , Wang Gang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, eight rap-related genes were found in the Bacillus cereus 0–9 genome; five rap genes were located on chromosomes and three on large plasmids. A total of five Rap proteins in B. cereus 0–9 were annotated as ‘tetratricopeptide repeat proteins’. SMART Server analysis showed that the eight Rap proteins had typical tetrapeptide repeat sequence (TPR) domains. Biofilm assays and crystal violet staining showed that overexpression of the rapp1 and rap5 genes affected the biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9, and the activities of Rapp1 and Rap5 proteins were inhibited by their corresponding cognate Phr, suggesting that the Rap–Phr quorum sensing (QS) system might also exist in the B. cereus 0–9 strain. In addition, overexpression of rap1 genes inhibited in the extracellular amylase decomposition capacity of B. cereus 0–9. The results of the sporulation assay indicated that overexpression of the eight rap genes inhibited the spore formation of B. cereus 0–9 to varying degrees. These results provide a reference for research on the regulation of the Rap–Phr QS system in B. cereus.
Snap-freezing in the Field: Effect of Sample Holding Time on Performance of Bactericidal Assays
Authors: Claunch Natalie M , Downs Cynthia J , Schoenle Laura A , Oakey Samantha J , Ely Teresa , Romagosa Christina , Briggs Christopher W 
Published: March 2022

Synopsis
Comparative analyses in biology rely on the quality of available data. Methodological differences among studies may introduce variation in results that obscure patterns. In the field of eco-immunology, functional immune assays such as antimicrobial capacity assays are widely used for among-species applications. Sample storage time and animal handling time can influence assay results in some species, but how sample holding time prior to freezing influences assay results is unknown. Sample holding time can vary widely in field studies on wild animals, prompting the need to understand the implications of such variation on assay results. We investigated the hypothesis that sample holding time prior to freezing influences assay results in six species (Leiocephalus carinatus, Iguana iguana, Loxodonta africana, Ceratotherium simum, Columba livia, and Buteo swainsoni) by comparing antibacterial capacity of serum with varying processing times prior to snap-freezing. Blood was collected once from each individual and aliquots were placed on ice and assigned different holding times (0, 30, 60, 180, and 240 min), after which each sample was centrifuged, then serum was separated and snap-frozen on dry ice and stored at −80ºC for 60 days prior to assaying. For each aliquot, we conducted antibacterial capacity assays with serial dilutions of serum inoculated with E. coli and extracted the dilution at 50% antibacterial capacity for analysis. We found a decrease in antibacterial capacity with increased holding time in one of the six species tested (B. swainsoni), driven in part by complete loss of antibacterial capacity in some individuals at the 240-min time point. While the majority of species’ antibacterial capacity were not affected, our results demonstrate the need to conduct pilot assays spanning the anticipated variation in sample holding times to develop appropriate field protocols.
The Economic Impact of the Pandemic in Rwanda: An Analysis of Firm-Level VAT Data
Authors: Mascagni Giulia , Lees Adrienne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There are substantial differences in the spread of the covid-19 pandemic and policy responses to it between high- and low-income countries. While evidence on the former is growing, there remain more unanswered questions on the latter. This paper addresses this gap by providing insights on the impact of the pandemic in Rwanda, based on firm-level administrative data from Value Added Tax (VAT) returns. We find that VAT sales in 2020 declined by 11.4 % compared to 2019. These losses are particularly associated with a lockdown imposed around April 2020, after which sales quickly rebounded to pre-crisis levels once restrictions were lifted. In absolute terms, the economic cost is concentrated among the largest firms. However, small firms have been most affected in proportional terms. Disaggregating our results further, we show that firms in accommodation and food, transport services, wholesale and retail trade, as well as those registered in the capital, have been particularly affected by the crisis. Overall, the decline in sales translated to a similarly large percentage loss in VAT revenue for the government.
Intraoperative Management of Tracheal Cautery Injury in a Post-Bypass Cardiac Surgery Patient
Authors: Little Benjamin W , Fowler William M , Gibson Steve , Popa Christian , Hodgson John A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the case of a tracheal injury that occurred during a Maze procedure performed via sternotomy that was not initially detected by ventilator air leak, but rather by the visual presence of gas bubbles escaping the trachea during chest irrigation. Careful investigation and machine check did reveal a subsequent air leak that would have otherwise been overlooked. Furthermore, the use of intraoperative bronchoscopy was essential in guiding and confirming surgical repair. This case underscores the need for ongoing vigilance and suggests the utility of chest irrigation with Valsalva maneuvers after procedures performed in the vicinity of the trachea to exclude injury.
Signal Detection of Adverse Events Associated with Trastuzumab in a Cohort of Elderly Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Polychronopoulou Efstathia , Giordano Sharon H , Chou Lin-Na , Yu Xiaoying , Kuo Yong-Fang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimUtilization of signal detection methods in longitudinal claims data can improve post-marketing drug surveillance, but to date there has been limited application. The aim of this study is to use 3 approaches, the proportional reporting ratio, Gamma Poisson Shrinker, and tree-based scan statistic in detecting adverse drug events (ADEs) attributed to trastuzumab using an administrative claims dataset.MethodsUsing data from the Texas Cancer Registry and SEER linked to Medicare from 2010 to 2013, we conducted 1:2 propensity score matching. Breast cancer HER2+ patients treated with trastuzumab in addition to standard chemotherapy were matched to HER2– patients treated with standard chemotherapy. Inpatient and outpatient encounters up to 6 months from start of therapy were used to identify adverse events.ResultsA total of 4191 patients were included in the study. Across all methods, use of trastuzumab generated signals on 9 distinct body systems. Cardiomyopathy and heart valve disease were the most consistently detected signals. Clinical review determined that most signals represented known ADEs.ConclusionsWe showed that claims data can be used to complement current ADE monitoring using common data mining methods with propensity score matching. Our analysis identified all expected ADEs associated with trastuzumab, and additional signals of valvular heart disorders.
Spotlight on tobacco guidance: NICE public health guidance update
Authors: Pinho-Gomes Ana-Catarina , Owen Lesley , Carmona Chris , Baillie Nick , Richardson Judith 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The updated NICE guidelines on tobacco recommend cost-effective and evidence-based interventions to prevent smoking initiation and promote smoking cessation across the life course.
E-cigarettes are a cost-effective adjunct to support smoking cessation in adults, but their long-term effects are yet to be fully understood.
Concerted efforts from healthcare and public health providers are required to reach underserved groups and hence address stark and longstanding inequalities in smoking prevalence and associated ill health in England.