bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unintended Consequences of Pandemic Management Strategies on Residents and Family in One Long-term Care Home in British Columbia: A Patient-Supported Qualitative Study
Authors: Staempfli Sabina , Havaei Farinaz , Phinney Alison , MacPhee Maura 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In March 2020, pandemic management strategies were mandated across long-term care homes in British Columbia, Canada, to control the effects of COVID-19. This study describes and contextualizes the impact of visitation, infection prevention and control, and staffing strategies on the perceived health and well-being of residents and families.

Research Design and Methods
This interpretive description study was part of a larger mixed-methods study at a publicly funded not-for-profit long-term care home in British Columbia, Canada. Eleven family members and 10 residents were interviewed between October and December 2020, and resident and family partners participated in a steering committee throughout all stages of the research.

Findings
Early pandemic management strategies had an adverse impact on the perceived health and well-being of families and residents. Visitation restrictions eliminated care routinely provided by families and prevented in-person communication between residents, families, and care providers. Other infection prevention and control strategies isolated residents; group enrichment programs were stopped, and lockdowns created a perception of incarceration. Donning and doffing personal protective equipment took time away from staff–resident interactions and the single-site order reduced staff numbers, placing additional time restraints on residents’ care.

Discussion and Implications
Unintended adverse consequences of pandemic management strategies demonstrate the risks of creating policies based on a medicalized definition of health. Clear lines of communication are vital to increase a sense of control for families and residents. Elimination of care provided by families and paid companions exposed a gap in Canada’s public long-term care system. This care gap raises concerns about equitable care access for residents without families or financial means to pay for additional care.
Primary Care Professionals’ Attitudes Towards Vaccination Recommendation for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Xu Fang , deJong Neal , Kappelman Michael D , Greenlund Kurt J , Carlson Susan A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Immunization among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is suboptimal. We sought to characterize attitudes of US primary care professionals (PCPs) towards immunization practices for patients with IBD.

Methods
Using a web-based opt-in panel of PCPs (DocStyles survey, spring 2021, cross-sectional study), we assessed likelihood of PCPs’ recommending influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, and human papilloma virus vaccinations for IBD patients by PCP characteristics and availability of clinical tools. Reasons for unlikelihood of recommending vaccines and approaches to improve vaccine recommendation were examined.

Results
Among 1503 PCPs, 64% recommended all vaccines. Herpes zoster vaccine was most likely to be recommended (89.8%) and pneumococcal vaccine was least likely (74.0%). Clinical tools including decision support based on electronic health records (EHRs; 48.9%) and staff tracking of patients’ vaccine needs (36.3%) were significantly associated with likelihood of recommending vaccines (P &lt; .001). A greater likelihood of vaccine recommendation was observed for pediatricians vs other medical specialties, group outpatient clinic vs other worksites, and seeing &gt;50 patients/week (P &lt; .05). One-third of PCPs were unlikely to recommend ≥1 vaccine, and the top reason reported was unfamiliarity with vaccine guidelines for patients with IBD (48.0%). A review of guidelines or continued medical education (63.0%) and decision support from EHRs (51.2%) were the most frequently selected approaches identified to improve certainty of vaccine recommendation.

Conclusions
There is room for improvement of vaccination recommendations by PCPs. Promoting continuing education and use of clinical tools may help support PCP immunization practices for patients with IBD.
Migrant Workers and Wage Theft: Is Legal Action an Effective Form of Collective Action?
Authors: O’Sullivan Michelle , MacMahon Juliet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vulnerable migrant workers are generally very reluctant to take legal action to challenge exploitation given the many obstacles they face, and instances of such action are important to examine for their exceptionality. This article presents a case study of non-unionised Portuguese construction workers who engaged in a lengthy legal battle against their Portuguese employers for various forms of wage theft while they worked in Ireland. The aim of the article is to assess the extent to which their legal action was an effective form of collective action. To do so, we draw on industrial relations and law literature to explore the purposes of collective action and litigation and apply this understanding to assess the outcomes of the migrant workers’ legal cases. We find that the workers’ legal action was a partially effective form of collective action that sought to address the source of their discontent. The case study highlights the regulatory dilemmas that arise in an institutional environment where workers ability to engage in voluntarist forms of collective action is constrained and they seek to use the legal system as collective subjects.
Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines: an update of data published by 31 December 2021
Authors: Xu Kun , Fan Chunxiang , Han Yuxuan , Dai Lianpan , Gao George F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a disaster for public health in the last 2 years, without any sign of an ending. Various vaccines were developed rapidly as soon as the outbreak occurred. Clinical trials demonstrated the reactogenicity, immunogenicity and protection efficacy in humans, and some of the vaccines have been approved for clinical use. However, waves of infections such as the recently circulating Omicron variant still occur. Newly emerging variants, especially the variants of concern, and waning humoral responses pose serious challenges to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, we summarized the humoral and cellular immunity, safety profiles and protection efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines with clinical data published by 21 May 2021. In this review, we summarize and update the published clinical data of COVID-19 vaccines and candidates up to 31 December 2021.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Small and Large Animals in Burn Research: Proceedings of the 2021 Research Special Interest Group
Authors: Burmeister David M , Supp Dorothy M , Clark Richard A , Tredget Edward E , Powell Heather M , Enkhbaatar Perenlei , Bohannon Julia K , Cancio Leopoldo C , Hill David M , Nygaard Rachel M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultiple animal species and approaches have been used for modeling different aspects of burn care, with some strategies considered more appropriate or translatable than others. On April 15, 2021, the Research Special Interest Group of the American Burn Association held a virtual session as part of the agenda for the annual meeting. The session was set up as a pro/con debate on the use of small versus large animals for application to four important aspects of burn pathophysiology: burn healing/conversion, scarring, inhalation injury, and sepsis. For each of these topics, two experienced investigators (one each for small and large animal models) described the advantages and disadvantages of using these preclinical models. The use of swine as a large animal model was a common theme due to anatomic similarities with human skin. The exception to this was a well-defined ovine model of inhalation injury; both of these species have larger airways which allow for incorporation of clinical tools such as bronchoscopes. However, these models are expensive and demanding from labor and resource standpoints. Various strategies have been implemented to make the more inexpensive rodent models appropriate for answering specific questions of interest in burns. Moreover, modeling burn-sepsis in large animals has proven difficult. It was agreed that the use of both small and large animal models has merit for answering basic questions about the responses to burn injury. Expert opinion and the ensuing lively conversations are summarized herein, which we hope will help inform experimental design of future research.
Reference Genome of the California Sheephead,Semicossyphus pulcher(Labridae, Perciformes), A Keystone Fish Predator in Kelp Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Bernardi Giacomo , DeBiasse Melissa , Escalona Merly , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Nguyen Oanh , Sacco Samuel , Beraut Eric , Miller Courtney , Toffelmier Erin , Shaffer H Bradley 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKeystone species are known to play a critical role in kelp forest health, including the well-known killer whales, sea otter, sea urchin, kelp trophic cascade in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. In California, a major player in the regulation of sea urchin abundance, and in turn, the health of kelp forests ecosystems, is a large wrasse, the California Sheephead, Semicossyphus pulcher. We present a reference genome for this ecologically important species that will serve as a key resource for future conservation research of California’s inshore marine environment utilizing genomic tools to address changes in life-history traits, dispersal, range shifts, and ecological interactions among members of the kelp forest ecological assemblages. Our genome assembly of S. pulcher has a total length of 0.794 Gb, which is similar to many other marine fishes. The assembly is largely contiguous (N50 = 31.9 Mb) and nearly complete (BUSCO single-copy core gene content = 98.1%). Within the context of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP), the genome of S. pulcher will be used as an important reference resource for ongoing whole genome resequencing efforts of the species.
Compact laboratory-based X-ray microscope enabling nondestructive 3D structure acquisition of mouse nephron with high speed and better user accessibility
Authors: Kunishima Naoki , Takeda Yoshihiro , Hirose Raita , Kume Satoshi , Maeda Mitsuyo , Oguchi Akiko , Yanagita Motoko , Shibuya Hirotoshi , Tamura Masaru , Kataoka Yosky , Murakawa Yasuhiro , Ito Koichiro , Omote Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
X-ray microscopes adopting computed tomography enable nondestructive 3D visualization of biological specimens at micron-level resolution without conventional 2D serial sectioning that is a destructive/laborious method and is routinely used for analyzing renal biopsy in clinical diagnosis of kidney diseases. Here we applied a compact commercial system of laboratory-based X-ray microscope to observe a resin-embedded osmium-stained 1-mm strip of a mouse kidney piece as a model of renal biopsy, toward a more efficient diagnosis of kidney diseases. A reconstructed computed tomography image from several hours of data collection using CCD detector allowed us to unambiguously segment a single nephron connected to a renal corpuscle, which was consistent with previous reports using serial sectioning. Histogram analysis on the segmented nephron confirmed that the proximal and distal tubules were distinguishable on the basis of their X-ray opacities. A 3D rendering model of the segmented nephron visualized a convoluted structure of renal tubules neighboring the renal corpuscle and a branched structure of efferent arterioles. Furthermore, another data collection using scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor detector with a much shorter data acquisition time of 15 min provided similar results from the same samples. These results suggest a potential application of the compact laboratory-based X-ray microscope to analyze mouse renal biopsy.
User Involvement as a Catalyst for Collaborative Public Service Innovation
Authors: Callens Chesney 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInnovation in public services is propelled by collaborations between public actors, private actors, and service users. A substantial literature has centered on the benefits of user involvement in public services, but how user involvement can stimulate collaborative innovation is still largely unknown. This article develops and tests a theoretical framework based on the combined effect of (1) the empowerment of users, (2) specialized knowledge of the users, and (3) the absence of hindering rules and procedures. Data from 19 public–private eHealth collaborations in five European countries, collected through 132 interviews and 124 surveys, are analyzed through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, and the results indicate that innovation in these partnerships is influenced by the combined effect of these conditions, but that this combined effect is also contingent on the roles the users adopt in the innovation process.
The Case for Medicine-Pediatrics Training in the U.S. Military
Authors: Maciuba Joseph M , Jenkins Mary C 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Residency programs in the combined specialty of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics (Med-Peds) are not offered in the military graduate medical education system despite existing in the civilian sector for over 50 years. This residency consists of 4 years of training and results in the development of board-certified internists and pediatricians who can care for patients from infancy to death. This versatility, combined with an emphasis on the transition from childhood to adulthood, would be valuable to the Military Health System. Med-Peds physicians could serve in a variety of settings depending on the needs of the military: in the outpatient clinic, in the hospital, or in an operational setting. Specifically, Med-Peds doctors could operate as critical care extenders in austere or operational environments to patients of all ages. This could improve outcomes of pediatric casualties in war because of specific training in both medical and pediatric intensive care units. Med-Peds physicians would integrate seamlessly into the Military Health System to work alongside family medicine doctors, internists, and pediatricians to provide high-quality primary care to service members; this may also allow for the increased flexibility of the medical corps. As there are already military residency programs in pediatrics and internal medicine, the required infrastructure for such a training program exists. The addition of this residency may also lead to more interest in military medicine from prospective applicants to medical school. This essay uses personal experience to explain how the addition of this specialty to the military would benefit the medical mission domestically and abroad.
From the Defense Health Board: Military Accessions and the Continuum of Mental Health Research
Authors: Zebrowski Catherine A , Schaettle Paul R , Alemagno Sonia A , McCaw Brigid R , Valadka Alex B , Sharfstein Steven S , Reid-Arndt Stephanie A , Gorman Gregory H , Lazarus Jeremy A 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The Defense Health Board conducted a year-long examination of mental health accession screening and related issues. In its August 2020 report, Examination of Mental Health Accession Screening: Predictive Value of Current Measures and Processes, the Board recommends a paradigm shift in how mental health impacts on readiness are understood and addressed. This shift can only occur with the development and implementation of a research plan that follows cohorts of military personnel from recruitment through their military career. The following article describes this research plan as an excerpt of the larger report.
Warthog Genomes Resolve an Evolutionary Conundrum and Reveal Introgression of Disease Resistance Genes
Authors: Garcia-Erill Genís , Jørgensen Christian H F , Muwanika Vincent B , Wang Xi , Rasmussen Malthe S , de Jong Yvonne A , Gaubert Philippe , Olayemi Ayodeji , Salmona Jordi , Butynski Thomas M , Bertola Laura D , Siegismund Hans R , Albrechtsen Anders , Heller Rasmus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAfrican wild pigs have a contentious evolutionary and biogeographic history. Until recently, desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and common warthog (P. africanus) were considered a single species. Molecular evidence surprisingly suggested they diverged at least 4.4 million years ago, and possibly outside of Africa. We sequenced the first whole-genomes of four desert warthogs and 35 common warthogs from throughout their range. We show that these two species diverged much later than previously estimated, 400,000–1,700,000 years ago depending on assumptions of gene flow. This brings it into agreement with the paleontological record. We found that the common warthog originated in western Africa and subsequently colonized eastern and southern Africa. During this range expansion, the common warthog interbred with the desert warthog, presumably in eastern Africa, underlining this region’s importance in African biogeography. We found that immune system–related genes may have adaptively introgressed into common warthogs, indicating that resistance to novel diseases was one of the most potent drivers of evolution as common warthogs expanded their range. Hence, we solve some of the key controversies surrounding warthog evolution and reveal a complex evolutionary history involving range expansion, introgression, and adaptation to new diseases.
Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Impedes Human Osteoblast Differentiation Independently of Nicotine
Authors: Martinez Ivann K C , Sparks Nicole R L , Madrid J V , Talbot Prue , zur Nieden Nicole I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco smoking has been implicated in an array of adverse health outcomes, including those that affect adult bone. However, little is known about the impact of tobacco products on developing bone tissue as it develops in the embryo.

Aims and Methods
Here, human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro and concomitantly exposed to various concentrations of smoke solutions from two conventional, one additive-free and two harm-reduction brands of cigarettes. Differentiation inhibition was determined by calcium assays that quantified matrix mineralization and compared to the cytotoxicity of the tobacco product.

Results
Exposure to mainstream smoke from conventional and additive-free cigarettes caused no inhibition of cell viability or mineralization, while sidestream smoke (SS) concentration-dependently produced cell death. In contrast, mineralization was inhibited only by the highest mainstream concentration of harm-reduction smoke solution. Additionally, sidestream smoke solution from the harm-reduction cigarettes impeded calcification at concentrations lower than those determined to be cytotoxic for conventional products.

Conclusions
Sidestream smoke impaired in vitro osteogenesis at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, though often perceived as safer, smoke from harm-reduction cigarettes was more potent in inhibiting in vitro osteogenesis than smoke from conventional cigarettes.

Implications
This study adds to a growing list of adverse outcomes associated with pre-natal tobacco exposure. Specifically, in vitro exposure to tobacco products interfered with osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, a well-established surrogate model for human embryonic bone development. Contrasting a diverse array of tobacco products unveiled that sidestream smoke was generally more developmentally osteotoxic than mainstream smoke and that harm-reduction products may not be less harmful than conventional products, adverse effects that were seemingly independent of nicotine.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tobacco Treatment Program Implementation at National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers
Authors: Hohl Sarah D , Shoenbill Kimberly A , Taylor Kathryn L , Minion Mara , Bates-Pappas Gleneara E , Hayes Rashelle B , Nolan Margaret B , Simmons Vani N , Steinberg Michael B , Park Elyse R , Ashing Kimlin , Beneventi Diane , Sanderson Cox Lisa , Goldstein Adam O , King Andrea , Kotsen Chris , Presant Cary A , Sherman Scott E , Sheffer Christine E , Warren Graham W , Adsit Robert T , Bird Jennifer E , D’Angelo Heather , Fiore Michael C , Van Thanh Nguyen Claire , Pauk Danielle , Rolland Betsy , Rigotti Nancy A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted cancer screening and treatment delivery, but COVID-19’s impact on tobacco cessation treatment for cancer patients who smoke has not been widely explored.

Aims and Methods
We conducted a sequential cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 34 National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers participating in NCI’s Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I), across three reporting periods: one prior to COVID-19 (January–June 2019) and two during the pandemic (January–June 2020, January–June 2021). Using McNemar’s Test of Homogeneity, we assessed changes in services offered and implementation activities over time.

Results
The proportion of centers offering remote treatment services increased each year for Quitline referrals (56%, 68%, and 91%; p = .000), telephone counseling (59%, 79%, and 94%; p = .002), and referrals to Smokefree TXT (27%, 47%, and 56%; p = .006). Centers offering video-based counseling increased from 2020 to 2021 (18% to 59%; p = .006), Fewer than 10% of centers reported laying off tobacco treatment staff. Compared to early 2020, in 2021 C3I centers reported improvements in their ability to maintain staff and clinician morale, refer to external treatment services, train providers to deliver tobacco treatment, and modify clinical workflows.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid transition to new telehealth program delivery of tobacco treatment for patients with cancer. C3I cancer centers adjusted rapidly to challenges presented by the pandemic, with improvements reported in staff morale and ability to train providers, refer patients to tobacco treatment, and modify clinical workflows. These factors enabled C3I centers to sustain evidence-based tobacco treatment implementation during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Implications
This work describes how NCI-designated cancer centers participating in the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) adapted to challenges to sustain evidence-based tobacco use treatment programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work offers a model for resilience and rapid transition to remote tobacco treatment services delivery and proposes a policy and research agenda for telehealth services as an approach to sustaining evidence-based tobacco treatment programs.