bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of Ni atoms on the crack arrest performance of Fe–Ni alloy
Authors: Yang Chao , Deng Gonglin , Xing Xiao , Han Qing , Liu Haibo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMolecular dynamic simulations are applied to test the nickel's modification mechanism of Fe–Ni alloy. Mono displacement loading is applied to a perfect single crystal model, a single crystal model with vacancies, and a model with transgranular crack. Moreover, constant strain load is applied to the polycrystal model to test the Ni effect on intergranular crack initiation. The results elucidate that Ni atoms could decrease the free surface energy and the stacking fault energy simultaneously. However, Ni atoms have a more significant effect on the reduction of stacking fault energy. If the Ni concentration is above 0.03, the transgranular crack constantly emits dislocations under loading, thus, postponing the cleavage cracking. Particularly, as the Ni concentration is above 0.05, the recrystallization process could be a favorable energy‐releasing behavior compared with the intergranular cracking. The findings suggest that a low concentration of Ni might degrade the physical property of Fe–Ni alloy. Increasing the Ni atomic concentration above specific critical values, for example, 0.03 or 0.05, could enhance the fracture toughness.
Influence of dry sliding wear on the corrosion behavior of AISI 420
Authors: Gassner Andreas , Palkowski Heinz , Mozaffari‐Jovein Hadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effect of various normal loads on the dry sliding wear, microstructure evolution, and resulting corrosion behavior of martensitic AISI 420 were investigated. The results revealed adhesion‐dominated wear with material transfer and particles, leading to the formation of a lamellar microstructure containing delamination and pores around partly broken carbides. The microstructure evolution resulted in a significant decrease of the local corrosion resistance in 0.15 M NaCl solution, which was accompanied by a high concentration of corrosion sites within the worn areas. Dissolution inside the wear tracks was concentrated on the deformed microstructure. As the normal load increased, the effects of the wear intensified, further reducing the local corrosion resistance.
A Highly Sensitive, Breathable, and Biocompatible Wearable Sensor Based on Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure and Humidity Monitoring
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Lou Yaoyuan , Niu Zehao , Wang Jie , Jin Xu , Ma Jiayu , Wang Bin , Li Xiuyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the advent of information technology, the progress of wound healing diagnosis and human health monitoring bring forward the need for sensitive humidity sensing. Simultaneously, developing a highly sensitive humidity sensor with multifunctional characteristics, especially pressure sensing, biosafety, and comfort, remains challenging so far. Herein, a wearable humidity‐pressure sensor based on an all‐nanofiber membrane with excellent sensitivity, breathability, and biosafety is fabricated by the combination of electrospinning and screen‐printing. The citric acid (CA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) are used as moisture‐sensitive materials to make thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber membranes sensitive to water molecules. The synergistic effect of the uneven surface and microstructure of the electrospun TPU nanofiber membrane confers the sensor with high sensitivity to both humidity and pressure stimuli. The CA/TPU humidity‐pressure sensor exhibits remarkable breathability and high sensitivity (2.15%/RH in the range of 50–90%RH, 10.53 kPa−1 in the range of 0–2.25 kPa), as well as fast humidity response (3.8 s) with little hysteresis and rapid pressure response (88 ms). The high biosafety makes it applicable to skin and wounds. Furthermore, the sensor can detect various human activities in real‐time and offer a new sensing platform for respiratory monitoring and smart wound dressings.
Withaferin A mediated changes of miRNA expression in breast cancer‐derived mammospheres
Authors: Prajapati Kumari Sunita , Shuaib Mohd. , Gupta Sanjay , Kumar Shashank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of atypical cell populations that share stem cell‐like characteristics associated with therapeutic resistance, disease relapse, and poor clinical outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNA), and small noncoding RNA, are pivotal in the regulation of self‐renewal, stemness, and cellular differentiation. Withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone, is a major bioactive constituent of Withania somnifera (Solanaceae) known for its anticancer properties. In this study, the effect of WA on modulation of miRNA expression in breast cancer‐derived mammosphere was assessed utilizing small RNA sequencing. Treatment with WA inhibited MCF‐7 and T47D cells derived mammosphere formation with a significant decrease in CD44, EpCAM, Nanog, OCT4, and SOX2 as markers of self‐renewal and stemness. Small RNA sequencing demonstrated a total of 395 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) including 194 upregulated and 201 downregulated miRNAs in WA‐treated MCF‐7 mammospheres. Bioinformatics analysis utilizing the KEGG pathway, Gene Ontology enrichment, protein−protein, and miRNA‐mRNA interaction network identified altered expression in a few hub genes viz. AKT1, PTEN, MYC, CCND1, VEGFA, NOTCH1, and IGFR1 associated with DEMs in WA‐treated mammospheres. Further quantitative RT‐PCR analysis validated the expression of DEMs including miR‐549a‐5p, miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐124‐5p, miR‐137‐5p, miR‐34a‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐99a‐5p, miR‐181a‐5p, let‐7c‐5p, and let‐7a‐5p. In particular, let‐7c‐5p is designated as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. An increase in miR‐let‐7c‐5p expression was noted after WA treatment, with a simultaneous decrease in CCND1 and c‐MYC at mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, our study demonstrated WA‐mediated miRNA expression, in particular, upregulation of miR‐let‐7c‐5p, leads to the inhibition of breast cancer cells derived mammospheres.
A wideband parallel‐plate waveguide design for FSS/FSR measurement
Authors: Cheng Erwei , Wang Xuemeng , Kong Xiangkun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a parallel‐plate waveguide (PPW)‐type transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission chamber covering 2–14 GHz is designed, analyzed, and fabricated, which consists of a feed structure and two metal cover plates. The feeding structure is made of a structure similar to a monoconical antenna, with a good impedance bandwidth. To reduce the edge radiation of the PPW structure, the TEM wave cell (TEM cell) is surrounded by absorbing foam. Moreover, to verify the testing effect of the designed TEM cell, a simple square frequency‐selective surface was tested in the TEM cell. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. It has been shown that the designed TEM cell can be used as an effective supplement to the transmission reflection test method for periodic structures.
General Assessment of Approaches to the Identification of Aquatic Bacterial Pathogens: A Methodological Review
Authors: Duman Muhammed , Altun Soner , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the evolving biosphere, pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease may undergo phenotypic changes. While some of these changes result in new variants or mutants, others lead to the emergence of novel pathogens. Such phenotypic changes as well as advances in technology and analytical methods and the identification of genomic sequences of microbial DNA have brought about new methodological approaches in the diagnosis of bacterial diseases. Although bacterial identification was originally based on phenotypic characteristics, later researchers claimed that bacteria could be accurately identified by only gene sequencing and generally by the sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene region. Currently, there is still disagreement between classical microbiologists and those using new genomic sequence technology over the best method for identification. Fish are cold-blooded animals, and fish pathogens generally exhibit psychrophilic characteristics. Many bacterial identification systems that are used to identify mesophilic bacteria remain useless for identifying fish pathogens because the optimum incubation temperatures for mesophilic bacteria are 35–37°C. Bacteria that are pathogenic to piscine species require specific media for their cultivation at lower incubation temperatures (15–28°C), and this limits both their growth in culture and subsequent identification by phenotype-based methods. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the isolation and identification of bacterial fish pathogens by optimal culture conditions, biochemical tests, colorimetric methods for rapid identification systems, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and immunological and molecular methods, as well as an overview of the detection of uncultivable bacteria and the use of anamnesis. We conclude that the accurate identification of fish pathogens requires the use of different methods, including phenotype- and genotype-based tests, and the evaluation of anamnesis.
Chemiegeschichte: Vom Gen zum Produkt
Authors: Lang Siegmund , Rau Udo , Behrendt Ulrich , Syldatk Christoph , Hust Michael , Dübel Stefan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn den Forschungsschwerpunkten des Lehrstuhls für Biochemie und Biotechnologie an der TU Braunschweig lässt sich der historische Weg der Biotechnologie ablesen: Zuerst ging es darum, Prozesse im Bioreaktor zu verbessern. Heute entwickeln die Forscher unter anderem biologische Wirkstoffe für die Medizin. Eingerichtet wurde der Lehrstuhl vor 50 Jahren.
Trendbericht Biochemie 2022: Späte Funktionalisierung mit Biokatalysatoren aus Naturstoffsynthesen
Authors: Haslinger Kristina , Schmidt Sandy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractÜber spezialisierte Enzyme, Affinitätsselektionsmethoden, um bioaktive Substanzen zu entdecken, hochauflösende Strukturanalyse von Proteinkomplexen und die Kombination von Bio‐ und Photokatalyse.
Chemiegeschichte: Die erste Chemikerin bei der BASF
Authors: Boeck Gisela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSie studierte und promovierte in Heidelberg: Lili Wachenheim (1893 – 1989). Die Chemikerin war die erste, die in einem Labor der BASF forschte. Ihre kurze Karriere begann im Jahr 1918.
Chemiestudium mit chronischer Krankheit: „Der Dauerschmerz ist nicht das Schlimmste"
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFalk Seidel leidet unter Fibromyalgie, einer chronischen Krankheit, die Schmerzen im ganzen Körper verursacht. Trotzdem hat er Chemie studiert. Hier berichtet er, wie es ihm dabei ergangen ist.
Paläobiologie: Lebensspuren – oder chemischer Garten?
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDie vermutlich frühesten Spuren des Lebens auf der Erde sind zugleich auch die umstrittensten. Weiterführende Untersuchungen an den ältesten Fossilien demonstrieren biologisch aussehende Strukturen und chemische Hinweise auf urzeitlichen Stoffwechsel – doch der Verdacht, dass rein chemische Prozesse ähnliche Phänomene erzeugt haben könnten, ist noch nicht ausgeräumt.
The influence of Nd2O3 on the radiation shielding, physical, mechanical, and acoustic properties of the (75 − x)TeO2–15MgO–10Na2O–xNd2O3 glasses as a potent radiation shielding material
Authors: Boodaghi Malidarre Roya , Akkurt Iskender 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of rare‐earth ions in tellurite‐rich glass is vital for developing the technology. With this motivation, the present study analyzes the radiation shielding, physical, structural, mechanical, and acoustic features of the tellurite glasses added Nd2O3 rare earth material. Five different glasses coded as TMNd0.0–TMNd1.9 are simulated via MCNPX Monte Carlo code by varying the concentration of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) and the related characteristics are evaluated between 0.01 and 10 MeV. The obtained results reveal that Nd2O3 has a favorable influence on the radiation shielding characteristics of the preferred glass sample. To assess the relation between Nd2O3 concentration in tellurite glass and corresponding structural and mechanical changes in candidate glasses, Makishima–Mackenzie theory is applied and mechanical moduli are extracted. The structure and dimensionality of the preferred samples are derived based on the Bergman and Kantor model for fluid and compositions with the help of the fractal bond connectivity. In addition, the longitudinal velocity (), transverse velocity (), mean velocity (), and acoustic impedance () related to the TMNd glasses are evaluated.
Natural rubber biocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals/lignin hybrid fillers
Authors: Kazemi Hossein , Mighri Frej , Park Keun Wan , Frikha Slim , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel hybrid system containing lignin and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is developed to reinforce natural rubber (NR) and produce high‐performance biocomposites. Firstly, the effect of lignin content in lignin/NR biocomposites is investigated. Despite lignin's advantages as an inexpensive biopolymer, its addition to NR results in longer cure time, reduced tensile strength and increased loss factor (tan δ); that is, lignin addition has a negligible reinforcing effect compared to conventional fillers, such as carbon black (CB). On the other hand, adding only 7.5 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of CNC to lignin/NR compounds decreased the curing time (14%) and loss factor (55% at 10% strain), while increasing the bound rubber content (37%), modulus at 100% strain (101%) and tensile strength (36%). CNC/lignin/NR bionanocomposites exhibited comparable mechanical properties and even better dynamical mechanical properties (53% lower loss factor at 10% strain) than conventional composites reinforced with CB. The optimum lignin content in the NR composite was 40 phr, while the percolation threshold for CNC was around 7 phr.
East‐facing Helianthus annuus has maximal number and mass of kernel‐filled seeds: Seed traits versus head orientation
Authors: Takács Péter , Slíz‐Balogh Judit , Száz Dénes , Horváth Gábor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter anthesis, the majority of mature sunflower (Helianthus annuus) inflorescences face constantly East, which direction ensures maximal light energy absorbed by the inflorescences in regions where afternoons are on average cloudier than mornings. Several theories have tried to explain the function(s) of this eastward orientation. Their common assumption is that eastward facing has certain advantages for sunflowers. In sunflower plantations, the capitulum of many plants can also face North, South, or upward. Large deviations from the conducive East direction can decrease the plant's reproductive fitness. A larger mass and number of seeds, for example, can guarantee safer seed germination and better early development of more offspring. Thus, our hypothesis was that the East facing of sunflower inflorescences ensures a larger seed number and mass compared to disoriented inflorescences. This idea was tested in a sunflower plantation, where we compared the number and mass of seeds in plants, the inflorescences of which were naturally or artificially oriented northward, eastward, southward, westward, or upward. Our study tested head diameter, seed weight, and seed number in a normal agronomic field setting being different from earlier investigations. The other difference was that we tested five head orientations and only East showed significantly increased seed weight and number. Using radiational computations, we showed that East facing ensures more absorbed light energy than other orientations, except upward. This finding can be one of the reasons for the maximal seed number and mass in East‐facing sunflower capitula. Although upward‐facing horizontal inflorescences absorbed maximal light energy, they had the fewest and lightest seeds probably because of the larger temperature and humidity as well as the too much sunlight, all three factors impairing the normal seed development. This study is the first that compares the seed traits of all head orientations of Helianthus annuus and proposes that the absorbed radiation could play a major role in the maximal seed number and mass of east‐facing heads.
Chemical and mechanical interfacial degradation in bifacial glass/glass and glass/transparent backsheet photovoltaic modules
Authors: Spinella Laura , Uličná Soňa , Sinha Archana , Sulas‐Kern Dana B. , Owen‐Bellini Michael , Johnston Steve , Schelhas Laura T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlass/glass (G/G) photovoltaic modules are quickly rising in popularity, but the durability of modern G/G packaging has not yet been established. In this work, we examine the interfacial degradation modes in G/G and glass/transparent backsheet modules under damp heat (DH) with and without system bias voltage, comparing emerging polyolefin elastomer (POE) and industry‐standard poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) encapsulants. We investigate the transport of ionic species at cell/encapsulant interfaces, demonstrating that POE limits both sodium and silver ion migration compared with EVA. Changes to the chemical structures of the encapsulants at the cell/encapsulant interfaces demonstrate that both POE and EVA are more susceptible to degradation in modules with a transparent backsheet than in the G/G configuration. Adhesion testing reveals that POE and EVA have comparable critical debond energies after the DH exposures regardless of system bias polarity. The results of this study indicate that the interfacial degradation mechanisms of G/G appear to be similar to those of conventional glass/backsheet modules. For emerging materials, our results demonstrate that POE offers advantages over EVA but that transparent backsheets may accelerate encapsulant degradation due to increased moisture ingress when compared with the G/G structure.
Exploring the contributions of job resources, job demands, and job self‐efficacy to STEM teachers' job satisfaction: A commonality analysis
Authors: Liu Jiao , Wang Ke , Chen Zhuo , Pan Zilong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine how job resources, demands, and self‐efficacy affect American STEM teachers' job satisfaction by analyzing the US TALIS 2018 data. Multiple regression and commonality analysis were used to analyze factors' significant contributions and their detailed real unique and common contributions to STEM teachers' job satisfaction. The results show that the final model explains 29.6% of the variances of STEM teachers' job satisfaction. The commonality analysis further showed that job resources, job demands, and job self‐efficacy explained 23.5%, 8.6%, and 8.0% of variances of job satisfaction, respectively. However, these factor sets uniquely contributed 15.9%, 2.9%, and 2.1% of the variance, separately. This study confirms the validity of the revised job demands−resources model for STEM teachers' job satisfaction. Furthermore, the commonality analysis reveals the unique and independent contributions of job demands, resources, and self‐efficacy to job satisfaction. Results from the research identified the significance of job resources contributing to the improvement of STEM teachers' job satisfaction.
The joint hierarchical structure of psychopathology and dysfunctional personality domain indicators among community‐dwelling adults
Authors: Somma Antonella , Krueger Robert F. , Markon Kristian E. , Gialdi Giulia , Frau Claudia , Fossati Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo examine the hierarchical structure of psychopathology and dysfunctional personality domains, 2416 Italian community‐dwelling adult volunteers were administered a set of psychometrically sound psychopathology measures and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form+ (PID‐5‐BF+). Parallel analysis, minimum average partial, and very simple structure results suggested that 1–6 principal components (PCs) should be retained. Goldberg's bass‐ackwards model of the joint psychopathology measure and PID‐5‐BF+ ipsatized domain scale correlation matrix evidenced a hierarchical structure that was consistent with the working model proposed by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis around latent variables of the psychopathology indicators and PID‐5‐BF+ domain scales recovered four latent dimensions, which were akin to the corresponding bass‐ackwards components and nicely reproduced the HiTOP Internalizing, Externalizing, Thought Disorder, and Eating Pathology dimensions.
Childhood emotional abuse and motor impulsiveness among male violent inmates with antisocial personality disorder
Authors: Chen Haocheng , Zhou Huabin , Zhang Min , Chen Chen , Liu Na , Wang Chun , Zhang Ning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the relationship among childhood maltreatment, impulsiveness and antisocial personality through a questionnaire survey of violent male inmates. We found that the scores of inmates with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) in Childhood Trauma Questionnaire‐28 item Short Form (CTQ‐SF) and Barratt Impulsive Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) were higher than those in the Non‐Antisocial personality group, and there was a significant correlation between the scores of CTQ‐SF and BIS‐11. We found that the interaction between impulsivity and childhood abuse predicts ASPD levels. Moreover, motor and non‐planning impulsiveness played important roles in the observed differences in antisocial personality scores among the inmates who had experienced childhood maltreatment; motor impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, while non‐planning impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional neglect and physical neglect. These findings suggest that identifying and providing timely intervention for inmates with high impulsiveness who experienced maltreatment in childhood may also contribute to the prevention of violent behavior and to better prison management.
Nonselective beta‐blockers reduce mortality in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Kulkarni Anand V. , Premkumar Madhumita , Kumar Karan , Khan Juned A. , Gora Baqar A. , Tirumalle Sowmya , Shaik Sameer , Sharma Mithun , Gupta Rajesh , Reddy Nageshwar D. , Rao Padaki N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimNonselective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) can reduce the incidence of complications in patients with cirrhosis and prolong survival. The safety and efficacy of NSBBs in real‐world settings in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) identified by the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver criteria are unknown. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of NSBBs in patients with Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver (APASL)‐defined ACLFMethodsIn this retrospective, multicenter study, patients with ACLF with complete 30 days follow‐up from January 2019 to December 2021 were included. The primary objective was to compare 30‐day mortality among standard of care (SOC) and NSBB (+SOC) groups. The secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of infection, variceal bleed, and recompensation among both the groups.ResultsA total of 346 patients were included. Only 26% (n = 89) of them received NSBBs, while 74% (n = 257) received only SOC. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, the incidence of mortality was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.20–26.50) in SOC group compared to only 8% (95% CI: 3.22–15.53) in NSBB group at Day 30 (p = 0.005). Similarly, mortality in SOC group was 63% (95% CI: 56.81–69.00) compared to 46% (95% CI: 35.44–57.00) in NSBB group at 1 year (p = 0.001). NSBB therapy could not reduce the incidence of infections or variceal bleed. Forty‐seven percent of patients in the SOC group and 73% of patients in the NSBB group (p < 0.001) recompensated. Carvedilol was prescribed in 77.5% and propranolol in 22.5% of patients.ConclusionsNSBBs reduce mortality without any effect on infection or variceal bleed in patients with ACLF. However, only one in four ACLF patients are suitable for NSBB therapy.