bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nurse‐led home‐based exercise program for patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Junqué‐Jiménez Anna , Esteve‐Simó Vicent , Andreu‐Periz Lola , Segura‐Ortí Eva 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundExercise programs in patients with kidney disease improve functional capacity and health‐related quality of life, but the implementation of exercise programs in nephrology services is not an easy task.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a home‐based exercise program in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4–5 (with or without dialysis).MethodsA 12‐week prospective observational cohort design study was carried out with patients with renal failure who undertook a home‐based exercise program. Registered data included: (a) biochemical parameters; (b) functional capacity tests, that is, short physical performance battery, sit to stand to sit 10, and 6‐min walking test; (c) handgrip strength; (d) health‐related quality of life; (e) satisfaction; and (f) adherence. The quantitative variables were expressed by means and standard deviation, and qualitative variables, by percentage. The comparison of quantitative data between baseline and at 12 weeks of the same group was carried out using the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric‐related variables and the chi‐square test for categorical variables using contingency tables.ResultsFifty‐three patients were included (mean age = 67.4 years). The functional capacity tests showed a significant improvement in the short physical performance battery (8.3 ± 2.8 vs. 9.5 ± 2.6 points), the sit to stand to sit 10 (35.8 ± 17.7 vs. 31.8 ± 15.3 s), and the 6‐min walking test (355.0 ± 106.1 vs. 386.4 ± 113.6 meters), mainly in CKD stage 5. There were no significant differences in handgrip and health‐related quality of life. Regarding the degree of program satisfaction, 70% of the patients were very satisfied with being able to participate in the program, and 64% considered that they had more strength after completing the home‐based exercise program.Linking Evidence to ActionThe implementation of a home‐based exercise program results in improved functional capacity in patients with CKD stage 5. Moreover, this exercise program is safe, and patients were satisfied.
A Simulation Analysis of Ball Bearing Lubrication Characteristics Considering the Cage Clearance
Authors: Liu Jing , Ni Hengtai , Zhou Ruyi , Li Xinyi , Xing Qinkun , Pan Guang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lubrication characteristics can greatly affect the service performances of ball bearings. To further clarify the variation law of oil–air distribution in bearing cavity, a new simulation method combining the dynamic and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models is presented. The relative motion between the ball and the cage caused by the cage clearance is obtained by the dynamic model. The coupling model uses the multi-reference frame (MRF) method and local remeshing approach (LRA) to describe the motion of each bearing component. The oil–air two-phase (OATP) flow is described through the volume of fluid (VOF) numerical model. Note that the lubricating oil content in the bearing cavity decreases significantly with the increment of rotation speed. There is a sudden change of pressure at the contact area between the ball and inner raceway. The relative motion of ball caused by the cage clearance has a certain effect on the local lubrication; however, it has little effect on the overall lubrication characteristics.
Dynamic Characteristics of Electromechanical Coupling and Fuzzy Control of Intelligent Joints for Robot Drive and Control
Authors: Mo Shuai , Zhou Changpeng , Li Xu , Yang Zhenning , Cen Guojian , Huang Yunsheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this technical brief, the resonance problem of a robot joint is analyzed. By establishing the electromechanical coupling dynamic equation of the robot joint, the natural vibration characteristics of the electromechanical coupling system are calculated, and the resonance is analyzed by combining the modal energy and Campbell diagram. It is found that when the meshing frequency coincides with the seventh- and eighth-order natural frequencies, resonance is easy to occur. The influence of different parameters on natural characteristics is analyzed. The increase of torsional stiffness and meshing stiffness will increase the natural frequency. Different control algorithms will have different impacts on the transmission system, and fuzzy control is better than double closed-loop control.
Internal Leakage Detection in Hydraulic Pump Using Model-Agnostic Feature Ranking and Ensemble Classifiers
Authors: Prakash Jatin , Miglani Ankur , Kankar P. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hydraulic pumps are key drivers of fluid power-based machines and demand high reliability during operation. Internal leakage is a key performance deteriorating fault that reduces pump’s efficiency and limits its predictability and reliability. Thus, this article presents a methodology for detecting internal leakage in hydraulic pumps using an unbalanced dataset of its drive motor’s electrical power signals. Refined composite multiscale dispersion and fuzzy entropies along with three statistical indicators are extracted and followed by second-order polynomial-based features. These features are normalized and visualized using partial dependence plot (PDP) and individual conditional expectation (ICE). Subsequently, ten machine learning classifiers are trained using four features, and their statistical hypothesis test is performed using a 5 × 2 paired t-test cross-validation for p &lt; 0.05. Subsequently, top four performing classifiers are optimized using grid and random search hyperparameter optimization techniques. Due to slight difference in their accuracies, an ensemble of three best-performing algorithms is trained using the majority voting classifiers (MaVCs) for three splitting ratios (80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). It is demonstrated that MaVC achieves the highest leakage detection accuracy of 90.91%.
Study of Magnetorheological Grease Flow in a Double Restriction Seal Configuration
Authors: Raj Aashna , Sarkar Chiranjit , Kumar Piyush , Pathak Manabendra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work presents an investigation of magnetohydrodynamic flow in a novel double restriction seal configuration using micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (µPIV). A conventional seal design has been modified to impart magnetic effects in the flow of magnetorheological grease, which is prepared with 5% by weight of carbonyl iron particles dispersed in NLGI 3 grade lithium-soap-based grease. Rectangular bar magnets are fitted on the seal to induce an external magnetic field strength greater than 0.8 T. The grease flows between two restrictions in the annular domain, and the velocity field is captured by a µPIV technique. Experimental results predict that flow velocities are considerably lower in the presence of the magnetic field. Carbonyl iron particles orient themselves in the direction of the magnetic field and form strong chains which increase the yield stress of the grease medium. Maximum velocities are obtained in the vicinity of the shaft. Further, a numerical model has been developed to predict the velocities at different locations in the annular grease domain at varying rotational speeds of the shaft.
Evaluating Designer Learning and Performance in Interactive Deep Generative Design
Authors: Chaudhari Ashish M. , Selva Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Deep generative models have shown significant promise in improving performance in design space exploration. But there is limited understanding of their interpretability, a necessity when model explanations are desired and problems are ill-defined. Interpretability involves learning design features behind design performance, called designer learning. This study explores human–machine collaboration’s effects on designer learning and design performance. We conduct an experiment (N = 42) designing mechanical metamaterials using a conditional variational autoencoder. The independent variables are: (i) the level of automation of design synthesis, e.g., manual (where the user manually manipulates design variables), manual feature-based (where the user manipulates the weights of the features learned by the encoder), and semi-automated feature-based (where the agent generates a local design based on a start design and user-selected step size); and (ii) feature semanticity, e.g., meaningful versus abstract features. We assess feature-specific learning using item response theory and design performance using utopia distance and hypervolume improvement. The results suggest that design performance depends on the subjects’ feature-specific knowledge, emphasizing the precursory role of learning. The semi-automated synthesis locally improves the utopia distance. Still, it does not result in higher global hypervolume improvement compared to manual design synthesis and reduced designer learning compared to manual feature-based synthesis. The subjects learn semantic features better than abstract features only when design performance is sensitive to them. Potential cognitive constructs influencing learning in human–machine collaborative settings are discussed, such as cognitive load and recognition heuristics.
Dynamic Characteristics and Frequency Reliability Analysis of an Optimized Compliant Stroke Amplification Mechanism
Authors: Guo Fanyi , Sun Zhili , Zhang Shengnan , Cao Runan , Li Haiyang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To rapidly analyze the dynamic characteristics of a compliant stroke amplification mechanism (CSAM) with completely distributed compliance, an analytical model based on the dynamic stiffness matrix with consideration of the damping effect is proposed. The natural frequency of the CSAM is optimized without attenuation of the amplification ratio based on this model. The optimized CSAM exhibits an approximately 112% higher natural frequency than the original mechanism along the main motion direction. The optimization result is verified through finite element simulation, with less than a 7% difference being observed. Moreover, the effects of frequency on the amplification ratio and input stiffness of the optimized CSAM are also discussed. The structural resonance is defined as the failure criterion of the optimized CSAM, and the sensitivity of the failure probability to manufacturing errors at different positions is analyzed. The findings show that the failure probability of the CSAM is more sensitive to parameters associated with the coordinates of the output stage and vertex.
Self-Adaptive Grasping Analysis of a Simulated “Soft” Mechanical Grasper Capable of Self-Locking
Authors: Wang Rugui , Huang Haibo , Li Xinpeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a simulated “soft” mechanical grasper (GXU-Grasper) with self-locking capability, self-adaptive object shape, single-degree of actuation, and full rigid structure is taken as the research object, and its self-adaptive grasping is analyzed. First, the degrees-of-freedom of the knuckle unit and the fingers of the grasper are calculated. Then, the kinematic model of finger self-adaptive grasping is established by the homogeneous coordinate matrix method. The joint motion space model of grasper under different component parameters is established. Based on this analysis, the corresponding grasping workspace formed by the grasper under different component motion parameters is given by numerical analysis in combination with the grasper finger kinematic model. Finally, the adaptive grasping experiment of the GXU-Grasper is carried out. The experiment shows that the fingers of the GXU-Grasper can effectively grasp various irregular objects in its workspace with relatively strong adaptability and large grasping range, which provides a reference for further analysis of the grasping reliability and engineering application of this grasper.
Topology Optimization Method for Designing Compliant Mechanism With Given Constant Force Range
Authors: Liang Junwen , Zhang Xianmin , Zhu Benliang , Zhang Hongchuan , Wang Rixin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article presents a modified evolutionary topology optimization method for designing compliant constant force mechanisms (CFMs). CFM is defined as the mechanism that can generate constant force in the desired input displacement range, which is known as a constant force range. The force variation, i.e., fluctuation of output forces over the constant force range, is a critical parameter that reflects the stability of the output force. The key idea of the new method is that the design variables are increased or decreased for a certain small value instead of being changed between 0 (or xmin) and 1 in other evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) methods. As the CFMs have to experience a large deformation when it works, the influence of the nonlinearity needs to be considered. An additive hyperelasticity technique is utilized to alleviate the instability of the finite element analysis, which is introduced by the low-stiffness elements. The numerical examples show that the proposed design method can generate CFMs with desired constant force range and aspect ratio. The optimized CFM is manufactured by 3D printing, and the experimental result indicates that it can output an almost constant force (force variation ≤2%) in a large relative constant force range (56.7%).
Investigation of a Novel Turbine Housing to Produce a Nonuniform Spanwise Flow Field at the Inlet to a Mixed Flow Turbine and Provide Variable Geometry Capabilities
Authors: Morrison Richard , Spence Stephen , Stuart Charles , Kim Sung In , Starke Andre , Leonard Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Automotive engine downsizing has placed an increased focus on the ability of the turbocharger to provide adequate boost levels across the full engine operating range. To achieve the desired levels of turbocharger performance, the turbine must be capable of operating effectively at the intended design point and also at off-design conditions. Mixed flow turbines (MFTs) provide a potential method to improve performance at off-design conditions and during transient engine operation. A unique feature of an MFT is the spanwise variation of incidence angle at the rotor leading edge. This results in additional flow separation from the blade suction surface near the hub under a wide range of operating conditions. The flow separation generates additional loss and has a detrimental impact on turbine performance. A novel design of a turbine volute similar to a conventional twin-entry turbine volute was examined. The novel turbine volutes were designed to produce a spanwise variation in flow conditions at the rotor inlet. The primary objective was to reduce the incidence angle and increase the mass flowrate at the hub side of the passage relative to the shroud side, as it has previously been identified that this can be beneficial for MFT performance. A number of different volute geometries were examined by numerical analysis to determine the impact of key parameters on turbine performance. The results indicated that generating a suitable spanwise flow distribution could produce a moderate improvement in turbine efficiency at off-design operating conditions. The novel volute design also provided a means of achieving a degree of variable geometry operation to further improve off-design performance. Turbine performance was examined under the variable geometry operation and an improvement in turbine power output at low-speed, off-design conditions was achieved. This was analogous to operating with a conventional pivoting vane variable geometry system and had the potential to benefit performance during transient engine operation.
Psychophysiological Responses to a Preseason Training Camp in High-Level Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Ruf Ludwig , Altmann Stefan , Härtel Sascha , Skorski Sabrina , Drust Barry , Meyer Tim 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the responsiveness of commonly used measurement instruments to a short training camp by examining the time course of psychophysiological responses in high-level youth soccer players. Methods: Monitoring was carried out in 14 U15 male soccer players of 1 professional youth academy. Players provided data 3 days prior to (D − 3), during (D2−D4), and 1 (D + 1) and 4 days (D + 4) after the camp: 4 items for the Short Recovery and Stress Scale (SRSS), a countermovement jump (CMJ), and a submaximal run to assess exercise heart rate and heart-rate recovery. Training load during the camp followed an alternating low–high pattern, with lower training loads on D1 and D3 and higher training loads on D2 and D4. Results: Changes in SRSS physical performance capability, emotional balance, overall recovery, muscular stress, and overall stress were small to moderate on D3 and moderate to large on D + 1, while changes were trivial on D + 4. Some CMJ parameters related to the eccentric phase were slightly improved on D3, and these parameters were slightly impaired on D4. Changes in CMJ parameters were trivial on D + 1 and D + 4. After a moderate decrease in exercise heart rate on D3, there was a small decrease on D + 4 and a moderate increase in heart-rate recovery. Conclusion: Measurement instruments such as the SRSS and submaximal runs can be used to monitor acute psychophysiological responses to load, while the CMJ may provide little insight during periods of intensified training load.
Bullous Sweet syndrome as a presentation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Abbas Syeda Wajiha , Shah Zarnain , Shaikh Mohammad Usman 
Published: December 2022

A woman in her 40s presented with a 3-month-long history of fever and tender erythematous bullous skin lesions not responsive to antibiotics. There had been no previous gastrointestinal, respiratory or urinary infection, nor did she have any history of autoimmune disease, drug reaction or vasculitis.Histological evaluation of skin biopsy showed diffuse dense neutrophilic infiltrates located in dermis diagnostic of Sweet syndrome. Haematological investigations showed leucocytosis with circulating immature cells, which on further investigations with bone marrow biopsy, were evident of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the accelerated phase. Sweet syndrome was the presenting characteristic of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in this case, which is a rare association. Investigating unusual skin lesions can aid in the suspicion of underlying cancer, allowing for prompt action.
Oxygen administration during surgery and postoperative organ injury: observational cohort study
Authors: McIlroy David R , Shotwell Matthew S , Lopez Marcos G , Vaughn Michelle T , Olsen Joanna S , Hennessy Cassandra , Wanderer Jonathan P , Semler Matthew S , Rice Todd W , Kheterpal Sachin , Billings Frederic T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether supraphysiological oxygen administration during surgery is associated with lower or higher postoperative kidney, heart, and lung injury.

Design
Observational cohort study.

Setting
42 medical centers across the United States participating in the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group data registry.

Participants
Adult patients undergoing surgical procedures ≥120 minutes’ duration with general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation who were admitted to hospital after surgery between January 2016 and November 2018.

Intervention
Supraphysiological oxygen administration, defined as the area under the curve of the fraction of inspired oxygen above air (21%) during minutes when the hemoglobin oxygen saturation was greater than 92%.

Main outcomes
Primary endpoints were acute kidney injury defined using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, myocardial injury defined as serum troponin >0.04 ng/mL within 72 hours of surgery, and lung injury defined using international classification of diseases hospital discharge diagnosis codes.

Results
The cohort comprised 350 647 patients with median age 59 years (interquartile range 46-69 years), 180 546 women (51.5%), and median duration of surgery 205 minutes (interquartile range 158-279 minutes). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 19 207 of 297 554 patients (6.5%), myocardial injury in 8972 of 320 527 (2.8%), and lung injury in 13 789 of 312 161 (4.4%). The median fraction of inspired oxygen was 54.0% (interquartile range 47.5%-60.0%), and the area under the curve of supraphysiological inspired oxygen was 7951% min (5870-11 107% min), equivalent to an 80% fraction of inspired oxygen throughout a 135 minute procedure, for example. After accounting for baseline covariates and other potential confounding variables, increased oxygen exposure was associated with a higher risk of acute kidney injury, myocardial injury, and lung injury. Patients at the 75th centile for the area under the curve of the fraction of inspired oxygen had 26% greater odds of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 22% to 30%), 12% greater odds of myocardial injury (7% to 17%), and 14% greater odds of lung injury (12% to 16%) compared with patients at the 25th centile. Sensitivity analyses evaluating alternative definitions of the exposure, restricting the cohort, and conducting an instrumental variable analysis confirmed these observations.

Conclusions
Increased supraphysiological oxygen administration during surgery was associated with a higher incidence of kidney, myocardial, and lung injury. Residual confounding of these associations cannot be excluded.

Trial registration

Open Science Framework
osf.io/cfd2m
Experience of patients with breast cancer with traditional treatment and healers’ understanding of causes and manifestations of breast cancer in North Shewa zone, Ethiopia: a phenomenological study
Authors: Mekonnen Alemayehu Gonie , Gebeyehu Belete Tewabe , Woldearegay Mesfin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesDespite a high number of traditional healers (THs) who treat patients with cancer in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence that explored the lived experience of patients with breast cancer (BC) with traditional treatment and healers’ understanding of the causes and manifestations of BC.DesignA phenomenological study design was employed.SettingThis study was conducted in the North Shewa zone in Ethiopia.ParticipantsEight in-depth interviews were conducted; four of which were with patients with BC and four with THs. Semistructured interviewing techniques were used to collect data from the two groups of respondents. All interviews were audio-recorded. The recorded data were transcribed verbatim. Coding and marking were then performed to make the raw data sortable. The marked codes were then summarised and categorised into themes.ResultsIn this study, some of THs were unaware of the main risk factors or causes of BC. They did not mention the lifestyle risk factors of BC such as smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol and eating habits. The most common clinical manifestations noted by THs were lumps at the breast, discharge from the nipples and weakness. All of the THs got their knowledge of BC treatment from their families and through experience. Regarding the lived experience of treatment, some patients with BC perceived that traditional medicines were safer and more effective than modern treatments and they eventually referred themselves to the THs.ConclusionsAlthough THs were unaware of the causes of BC, they were familiar with basic signs and symptoms of the disease. Patients with BC referred themselves to the THs because they preferred traditional therapies to modern ones. In order to better satisfy the unmet needs of Ethiopian women with BC, due consideration should be given to traditional treatments.