bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning on neurological function in rats with HIE
Authors: Wang Yi-Bo , Chen Ting-Bao , Huang-Fu Li-Ren , Zhou Hong-Su , Xiao Qiu-Xia , Fang Xu , Xiong Liu-Lin , Wang Ting-Hua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of neonatal death and disability, which can lead to long-term neurological and motor dysfunction. At present, the treatment mainly focuses on the symptomatic treatment in the acute phase and rehabilitation after injury, but the effect is not satisfactory, and more effective methods are urgently needed. Due to the widespread use of inhalation anesthetics in surgery, it has been found that isoflurane (ISO) preconditioning may have a positive effect on neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ISO preconditioning on neurological function and behavior in HIE rats.
Methods
Neonatal rats were used to create hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model by ligating the right common carotid artery at 7 days and then in a hypoxia chamber. The effects of anesthetic drugs on neurological function after one hour of ISO preconditioning were assessed after modeling by Morris water maze(MWM), Y-maze, and rotarod tests at one month. Thereafter, samples were taken at 1 and 42 days for Nissl staining and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining to observe neuronal number and histomorphology changes. The relationship of behaviour and morphology tests were measured.
Results
Ischemia and hypoxia could induce neuronal injury, neurological dysfunction and severe long-term motor function injury. Histological staining and behavioural evaluations were performed to elucidate the pathological changes and neurobehavioural variation after ISO treatment. We found ISO administration significantly reduced the infarct volume of brain tissues and improved the autonomous activities of neonatal rats, ISO preconditioning significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis induced by HI, reduced cerebral infarction volume, improved histopathological damage of nerve cells, improved long-term cognitive function, and attenuated HI-induced Nissl total cells to reduce and reduce long-term spatial memory impairment caused by hypoxia-ischemia during the maturation of injured brain.
Conclusion
ISO preconditioning can protect the brain injury and promote the recovery of neurological function in neonatal rats with HIE, which may be through inhibiting the neuronal cell death in the cortex and hippocampus after HI.
Peripheral blood markers predictive of outcome in Upper gastrointestinal cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Wang Peiwei , Feng Jia , Jin Yao , Xu Zexi , Cui Xue , Chen Xinyi , Wei Jiayan , Wang Jinsong , Weng Yiming , Peng Min 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeIn view of the fact that peripheral blood parameters have been reported as predictors of immunotherapy to various cancers, this study aimed to determine the predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers from peripheral blood parameters.MethodsThe respective data of 93 patients with upper gastrointestinal tumor who received ICIs combination therapy were included in this study. The peripheral blood indexes of interest were neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR). Survival probabilities of progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to determine a cutoff value for parameters and area under the curve.ResultsThe median PFS of all upper gastrointestinal cancers patients was 7.33 months. Baseline LDH0<194.5,NLR0<4.39,PLR0<218.7 and FAR0<0.13 were associated with longer PFS(13.4 VS 4.9 months; p < 0.001,10.8 VS 4.2 months; p<0.001,10.8 VS 6.7 months; p<0.05,8.4 VS 5.0 months; p<0.05,respectively).The 6 weeks after treatment value, LDH1<264.5,PLR1<117.2 were associated with longer PFS(7.5 VS 2.7 months; p < 0.05, 12.0 VS 6.2 months; p<0.05, respectively). The first disease progression value,LDH2<216.5 was associated with longer PFS(9.5 VS 4.2 months; p < 0.05). The NLR1 / NLR0 < 1.75 was associated with significant prolongation of PFS (7.5 VS 4.9 months, P <0.05).ConclusionsOur research illustrated that baseline LDH0,NLR0,PLR0,FAR0 and LDH1,LDH2,PLR1 at post-treatment are independent predictors for PFS in upper gastrointestinal tumor patients treated with ICIs.
WITHDRAWN: Transcriptome analysis reveals hepatotoxicity in zebrafish induced by cyhalofop-butyl
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhou Tao , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Cyhalofop-butyl is a highly effective aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide and widely used for weed control in paddy fields. With the increasing residue of herbicides, it poses a threat to the survival of aquatic organisms. Here, we evaluated the effect of cyhalofop-butyl on zebrafish to explore its potential hepatotoxic mechanism. The results showed that cyhalofop-butyl (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L) induced hepatocyte degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis of larvae after embryonic exposure for 4 days and caused liver atrophy after exposure for 5 days. Meanwhile, the activities of enzymes related to liver function named alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly increased by 0.2 mg/L cyhalofop-butyl and higher. And the contents of triglyceride (TG) involved in lipid metabolism was significantly decreased by 0.4 mg/L cyhalofop-buty. The effects of cyhalofop-butyl on zebrafish larvae were further demonstrated by GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG pathway analysis. Cyhalofop-butyl (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/L) altered the expression of 116, 154, 397 genes in liver，these genes are mainly enriched in metabolism (such as lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism), immune system (Toll-like receptor signaling pathway) and endocrine system (PPAR signaling pathway). Furthermore, the expression of key genes related to liver development combined with RNA-Seq results, indicated that cyhalofop-butyl might damage the liver development of zebrafish larvae and cause metabolic disorders. To sum up, our research results reveal the physiological and molecular responses of zebrafish liver to cyhalofop-butyl and provide new insights for further studying the mechanism of cyhalofop-butyl toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Mapping out the dots - Could trivial myocarditis emerge as a life-threatening ventricular electrical storm? A case report
Authors: Mushtaque Raja , Naseeb Khalid , Mushtaque Rabia , Baloch Shahbano , Khatti Shahazad , Idrees Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ventricular tachycardia storm is a term used when there are three or more episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia within 24 hours, each requiring termination by an intervention such as pharmacological cardioversion, anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP), or defibrillation. Broadly classifying, this type of arrhythmia can be due to ischemic heart disease or non-ischemic heart disease. A patient may present with a complaint of shortness of breath, palpitations, chest heaviness, syncope or even it can cause sudden cardiac death. In our case report, the patient had ventricular electrical storm activity and his initial electrocardiogram depicts the source of origin of arrhythmia from the left ventricular outflow tract and septal area. The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was carried out later and showed the foci of hyperenhancement in the epicardium and mid-myocardium of the left ventricle on delayed enhancement sequence suggesting localized scar and relative thinning with trabeculation. These findings more likely pointed toward previous unnoticed subclinical myocarditis that led to fibrosis and ultimately caused life-threatening electrical instability in the left ventricle.
A novel method for increasing the wind turbine power by installing an optimized curved flange and a vortex generator on the shroud and investigation of entropy generation for shroud internal flow
Authors: Niknahad Ali , Khoshnevis Amir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In urban areas, the quality of the passing wind is low and it is not able to create the necessary force for the proper rotation of wind turbines. In the present study, a wind turbine is located in a shroud equipped with a straight vertical flange. The curvature of this vertical flange is constantly changed to create different curves. By using this procedure, a flange with an optimal curve that is able to create the highest mean velocity of air passing through the shroud will be obtained. Then, a circular vortex generator was installed on the body of the shroud, which can increase the airflow velocity through the shroud. The results have been confirmed by studies of turbulence kinetic energy behind the turbine shroud. Using the results of the three- dimensional simulation, important parameters of the turbine including power factor for different cases have been studied. To investigate the effect of using these innovations on the dissipation of flow energy, a study has been performed on the generated entropy of the flow passing through the shroud. The results show that the use of these tools has little effect on increasing entropy and therefore energy dissipation does not change significantly.
Critical evaluation of production – import – export of lentils in India: an issue of food security
Authors: Pramanik Sourish , Bhattacharya Debottam , Kundu Anindita , Debangshi Udit , Munshi Chayan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pulses has the ability of withstanding extreme weather conditions, requires less water, has the capability of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and is an affordable eminent replacement of animal proteins, especially for the economically weaker population. For a country like India, promising only around 47.9 g/capita/person/day of pulses of recommended 80 g/capita/person/day by National Institute of Nutrition (2011), the protein on the plate is not sufficient for sure. India, standing second in worldwide lentil production, in 2017-18 had the highest production of lentils between 2010-11 to 2019-20. Our analysis strongly depicts that in the decade (2010-11 to 2019-20) the production, import and export relation is not synchronised which robustly indicates that lentil cultivation, which seems to be in fair state, should be undoubtedly handled effectively to avoid threat in pulse circulation in India and globally. Also, before reaching any unprecedented agricultural hazard and to achieve total food security of lentils, it is obvious to look into the parameters which directly or indirectly affect lentil production and distribution throughout the country. Thus, we predict that efficacy of policy making of lentil security will have beneficial implementations on the economically deprived population in the rural India.
Dietary fibers boost gut microbiota-produced B vitamin pool and alter host immune landscape
Authors: Parrish Amy , Grant Erica , Boudaud Marie , Hunewald Oliver , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Ollert Markus , Fukuda Shinji , Desai Mahesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dietary fibers can alter microbial metabolic output in support of healthy immune function, however, the impact of distinct fiber sources and immunomodulatory effects beyond short-chain fatty acid production are underexplored. In an effort to discern the effects of diverse fibers on host immunity, we employed five distinct rodent diets with varying fiber content and source in specific-pathogen-free, gnotobiotic (containing a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiota), and germ-free mice. Broad-scale metabolomic analysis of cecal contents showed a reduction in microbiota-produced B vitamins during fiber deprivation. Fiber deprivation shifted the ratio of transcripts corresponding to bacterial enzymes involved in B vitamin synthesis versus downstream utilization, resulting in a net reduction of host-available B vitamins. Broad immunophenotyping identified that the local gut effector immune populations and activated T cells accumulate in a microbiota-dependent manner. Supplementation with the prebiotic inulin recovered the availability of microbial-produced B vitamin and restored immune homeostasis. Our findings highlight the biotechnological potential of defined fiber polysaccharides to boost microbiota-derived B vitamin availability to the host and regulate local innate and adaptive immune populations, which may have critical implications for immune homeostasis in a variety of diseases.
Manifold Factors Influencing College Pupils’ Laptop Purchases in Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur and Ariylur Districts –tamilnadu, India
Authors: Arokiaraj K. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A laptop, also known as notebook, is a portable personnel computer which aids one to utilize in different milieu. Needless to mention that laptop with internet connection would bring the macrocosm simply into one’s earning capacity. In today’s fast-moving world, it has become the definite need of the hour rather than luxury. The part played by laptop among students is more vital in academic usage as well as in day today life. Scrutinizing the buying behaviors of the students is very significant for computer manufacturing companies to focus on roaring sales on one hand and for prospective students to purchase a satisfied laptop on the other hand. To determine the buying behavior of the pupils, the various factors such as deciding person to purchase the laptop, references, the role of media, price, daily usage timings, duration taken to purchase the laptop, preferred brand, value added features and post purchase services are scrutinized in this study. In substance, buying behaviors refer to the buying behaviors of purchasers starting from desire to final purchase, who may be bifurcated as customers and consumers. The fore more is anyone who makes regular purchases from a company or a store, whereas the latter is one who makes purchase impulsively. Here, the pupils studied are simply considered as consumers for most of them have made single as well as durable purchase of laptops.
The oxidation Stress, mitochondrial-pathway Apoptosis and the antagonism effects of chrysophanol in SH-SY5Y Cells via DTPP induced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zheng Liqing , Wang Zhao , Li Ze , Liu Jianhua , Shen Lixia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To investigate the susceptibility of SH-SY5Y cells to DTPP-based photodynamic therapy(PDT) and the interaction with chrysophanol. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of DTPP between 2.5 to 20 μg·mL-1 and the DTPP -induced killing effects in tumor cells was quantified determined. PDT photocytotoxicity was measured by exposing the cells to a 630-nm irradiation for 1.2–9.6 J/cm2. The photodynamic stress was assessed by superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidative capacity assays. The apoptosis pathway of SH-SY5Y cells after PDT was studied by JC-1 and caspase-9/Caspase-3 determination. The cell apoptosis cells stained with Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide were detected through flow cytometry. In the PDT process, a dose-dependent killing effect of DTPP concentrations and irradiation doses were found. The viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with 10 μg·mL-1 DTPP rapidly decreased to 55%. Cells apoptosis is mediated by a mitochondrial -pathway with a total apoptosis rate of 33.8% with 10 μg·mL-1 of DTPP after illumination at 2.4 J/cm2. Thus, our results demonstrated that an oxidation stress was produced by ROS in PDT and a non-reversible cells oxidative damage appeared via cells modulating the oxidative stress balance during the PDT response. Chr had an inhibitor effect on the capture of ROS and the destruction of cell membrane induced by PDT. In conclusion, neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible to DTPP-PDT, resulting in a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. DTPP is a potential type I photosensitizers to revitalize photodynamic oncotherapy in SH-SY5Y cells. There is an antagonism effect of chrysophanol on PDT in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
The effects of a three-day cycling race on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and heart rate variability in amateur cyclists
Authors: Swart Anton , Constantinou Demitri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims
Increased endurance exercise at high intensities may cause an acute reduction in cardiac function, causing a physiological cascade that releases cardiac biomarkers. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological measurement used to evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) state. This study set out to determine the changes in the ANS by participating in a three-day cycling event using HRV as an outcome measure.
Methods
Sixteen healthy participants, participated in a three-day cycling event underwent five-minute resting electrocardiography (ECG) recordings in a supine position. In addition, heart rate variability measurements were recorded two days before the race (baseline testing), after each race day, and at 24 hours post-event (recovery).
Results
Time-domain and frequency domain measures showed significant changes from baseline HRV parameters after each race day (p ≤ 0.05). These changes reflected an increase in sympathetic activity and parasympathetic withdrawal each day after the event. In addition, our data revealed that the mean heart rate (HR) and R-R variability variables did not return to baseline values after 24 hours of recovery, reflecting ANS dysfunction, and that changes persisted for at least 24 hours post-event.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that competing in an cycling event led to diminished vagal activity and decreased HRV throughout the event, which persisted for at least 24 hours post-event. This physiological stress causes a disturbance in homeostasis and an increase in ANS dysfunction. This dysfunction has implications for further research, including dysrhythmia risk and monitoring of athletes in advising participation and returning to strenuous activity post-endurance events.
Homogeneity test of stratified AC_1's: asymptotic and exact methods
Authors: Xu Mingrui , Li Zhiming , Mou Keyi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: As a widely adopted coefficient, Cohen's $\kappa$ is highly affected by marginal probabilities and population composition to measure the degree of agreement. Gwet's $AC_1$ overcomes these limitations and becomes a stable index with the better statistic properties. Stratified analysis is an effective approach to adjust the bias caused by subject covariance in practice. Homogeneity score and goodness-of-fit tests for $AC_1$ have been developed in $K$ independent strata. However, these two tests poorly performed because of the conservative type I error rates (TIEs) in relatively small sample sizes. Exact methods can improve the effectiveness of tests in small samples, and the relevant literature is less. This article proposes several asymptotic and exact methods for homogeneity test of stratified $AC_1$'s under large and small sample sizes.
Methods: Three asymptotic test statistics are derived for large sample sizes, including likelihood ratio, score and wald-type tests. Based on these statistics, three exact E, M and E+M approaches are proposed at small sample scenarios. Numerical studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of aforementioned methods. Two examples are given to illustrate their performance.
Results: In large sample scenarios, the TIEs of likelihood ratio and score tests are close to the given nominal level. Likelihood ratio test becomes} more robust as the stratum number increases. Aiming at small sample scenarios, E approach under likelihood ratio and score statistics have better performance for any stratum number.
Conclusions: The likelihood ratio statistic is recommended for the homogeneity test of stratified $AC_1$'s in large sample sizes. Exact methods can effectively improve the conservative performance of TIEs in small sample sizes, in which E approach under likelihood ratio and score statistics are more robust.
Additive and Dominant Loci Jointly Pyramiding the Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice
Authors: Li Lanzhi , Zheng Xingfei , Wang Jiabo , Zhang Xueli , He Xiaogang , Xiong Liwen , Song Shufeng , Su Jing , Diao Ying , Yuan Zheming , Zhang Zhiwu , Hu Zhongli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hybrid rice has an advantage in its heterosis, resulting in high yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, genetic improvement of grain quality is more challenging in hybrid rice than in inbred rice due to additional complexity, such as the dominant effect. It is critical to identify a path to efficiently develop inbreds and identify their superior crosses for hybrid production. Here, we developed a pipeline for joint analysis of phenotypes, effects, and generations (JPEG) and analysed 113 inbred varieties as male parents, five tester varieties as female parents, and their 565 (113×5) hybrid testcrosses for 12 grain quality traits, including grain length and width, chalkiness, and amylose content. A total of 1,619,588 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained for the parent varieties and inferred for the hybrids using whole-genome sequencing with an average sequencing depth of 11×. Genome-wide association studies with JPEG identified 128 loci associated with at least one of the 12 traits. There were 44 and 97 loci with additive and dominant effects, respectively, including 13 overlaps. Among the 128 associated loci, 42 loci are located in or near (< 200 kb) 17 known genes. Pyramiding genetic loci with additive and/or dominant effects in genomic selection dramatically improves the accuracy of predicting hybrid performances. More than 45% of genetic variation was explained by the identified markers for all traits except one (30%). These results demonstrate that pyramiding genetically identified additive and dominant loci can afford substantial power for predicting hybrid performances, presenting opportunities to identify superior crosses from existing phenotypes and genotypes of inbreds and hybrids.
Analysis of NITI AAYOG (National Institution for Transforming India) health index report on the ranking of states and union territories: A cross sectional observational research study Round 1 (2014 – 2016)-V1
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
India has committed to adopting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all to be fulfilled by year 2030. Goal 3 of SDGs is about ensuring healthy lives with promoting well-being for all. National Institution for Transforming India- (NITI) Aayog had started the Health Index initiative for achieving desirable health outcomes. The key objective of the whole exercise is to track development on health, to develop healthy competition and cross learning among states and UTs. Health Index Scores and rankings are generated to assess Incremental Performance (year-to-year progress) and Overall Performance of state/UT for achievement of health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This novel study was a cross-sectional retrospective observational epidemiological study. The Health Index consists of a set of indicators in the domains of Health Outcomes, Governance and Information, and Key Inputs/Processes. Health Outcomes are assigned the highest weight, indicators were selected on the basis of their importance and availability of reliable data at least annually from pre- existing data sources such as the Sample Registration System (SRS), Civil Registration System (CRS) and Health Management Information Systems (HMIS). Data on indicators is included for Index calculations only after validation by the IVA.