bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kesulitan diagnosis pada kasus fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak di bawah umur dua tahun: laporan kasus
Authors: Adisthanaya Surya , Ronny Kesuma Anak Agung Ngurah 
Published: December 2022

Background: The lateral humeral condylus fracture in a child can be difficult to diagnose because the bones of a child not ossification yet. This resulted the fracture is difficult to see or even pass in viewing. In management, the lateral humeral condylus fracture in children has controversy, between non-operative and operative (especially in fracture with minimal displace). This case report discusses the case of the humeral lateral condyle fracture in a two-year-old child and discusses its treatment.Case: A two-years-old boy was delivered by his parents to the Emergency Room (ER) in the Wangaya Regional General Hospital Denpasar with complaints of pain in the left elbow since a day ago. Complaints appear after the patient falls on the floor in his home while playing with his brother. On physical examination of the upper extremity, the left elbow is swollen at the elbow with minimal deformity without an open wound. In manage it, open reduction surgery is performed by apply Kirschner-wire and then backslab is placed on the left arm with supination and 30o flexion positions.Conclusions: Difficulties in diagnosing humeral lateral condylus fractures in children are due to the fact that there are still many condyle plates that have not ossification yet, so that it is difficult for radiological examination to see the fracture line. The operative actions that can be taken are open reduction with the installation of Kirschner-wire. Latar Belakang: Fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak dapat sulit terdiagnosis akibat tulang anak yang belum terosifikasi. Hal ini mengakibatkan gambaran fraktur sulit terlihat atau bahkan terlewati. Dalam penatalaksanaanya, fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak memiliki kontroversi, antara non-operatif dan operatif (terutama pada fraktur dengan pergeseran minimal). Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk membahas kasus fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak umur dua tahun dan membahas tatalaksananya.Kasus: Seorang anak laki-laki berumur dua tahun diantar oleh orangtuanya ke Unit Gawat Darurat (UGD) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya Denpasar dengan keluhan nyeri pada siku kiri sejak satu hari yang lalu. Keluhan muncul setelah pasien terjatuh di lantai rumah saat sedang bermain dengan saudaranya. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ekstremitas atas, pada siku kiri didapatkan bengkak pada siku dengan deformitas minimal tanpa disertai luka terbuka. Dalam penanganannya, dilakukan tindakan operasi reduksi terbuka dengan pemasangan Kirschner-wire kemudian dipasang backslab pada lengan kiri dengan posisi supinasi dan fleksi 30o.Simpulan: Dalam mendiagnosis fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak diakibatkan masih banyak lempeng kondilus yang masih belum terosifikasi, sehingga pada pemeriksaan radiologis sulit melihat garis frakturnya. Tindakan operatif yang dapat dilakukan berupa reduksi terbuka dengan pemasangan Kirschner-wire.
Keberhasilan Terapi Rituximab pada Seorang Pasien dengan Lupus Nephritis Berat: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Indriyani Ni Putu Dewi , Kurniari Pande Ketut , Kambayana Gede 
Published: December 2022

Background: Lupus nephritis is one of complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which manifests to the kidneys. Lupus nephritis occur in 50-60% of cases in the first ten years of the onset of SLE. Standard therapy for lupus nephritis are immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids and cytostatics. In a refracter case, biologic agent has giving new hope.Case description: We report a case of seventeen years old female with chief complaints of edema in both feet, skin rash caused by sun exposure, joint pain, mouth ulcer with positive ANA test, proteinuria and high blood sugar level. Patient was then diagnosed with SLE, lupus nephritis and other types of DM. Patient was treated with combination theraphy of cycloposphamide and Rituximab. Patient then discharged in good condition.Conclusion: we suggest that combination of cycloposphamide and Rituximab is effective in controlling SLE and reducing the dose of steroid theraphy.Keyword: biological agents, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis Latar belakang: Lupus nephritis merupakan salah satu komplikasi penyakit Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) yang bermanifestasi ke ginjal. Komplikasi lupus nephritis terjadi pada 50-60% kasus dalam sepuluh tahun pertama onset penyakit SLE. Terapi lupus nephritis meliputi obat-obatan imunosupresif seperti kortikosteroid dan sitostatika. Pada kasus-kasus yang refrakter, terapi dengan agen biologis memberikan harapan baru. Harapan hidup jangka panjang dan renal survival pasien SLE dengan lupus nephritis secara progresif telah mengalami peningkatan sejak ditemukannya agen biologis, rujukan yang lebih dini, dan kriteria diagnostik yang lebih baik.Deskripsi kasus:Kami melaporkan kasus seorang perempuan, berusia 17 tahun, suku Timor, datang dengan keluhan utama bengkak pada kedua punggung kaki, kemerahan pada kulit bila terkena sinar matahari, nyeri sendi, ulserasi pada mulut, dengan hasil laboratorium ANA test positif, proteinuria, disertai kadar gula darah yang tinggi. Pasien didiagnosis dengan SLE, lupus nephritis, dan DM Tipe lain. Setelah diberikan terapi cycloposphamide dan Rituximab, kondisi pasien membaik. Kesimpulan: regimen terapi ini efektif untuk mengontrol penyakit SLE dan memungkinkan untuk penurunan dosis terapi steroid.
Prevalensi dry eye pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Mata Mencirim 77 Kota Medan
Authors: Lukandy Andry , Albar Marina Yusnita 
Published: December 2022

Background: Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial ocular surface disease with characteristic symptoms such as discomfort, irritation and visual disturbance. Dry eye syndrome increases a significant burden on an individual including social function, work and decreases the quality of life. The Women's Health Study Questionnaire (WHSQ) revealed that the prevalence varies around 4.3% in American men to 21.6% in Asian women. Dry eye prevalence in Southeast Asia is around 20.0% to 52.4%.Methods: This study design was a cross sectional study with total sampling. The population in this study were all polyclinic patients at Mencirim 77 Eye Hospital in August 2019. Sample in this study were patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. The data was analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test.Results: There were 124 subjects included in this study. 62 patients with diabetes mellitus and 62 patients without diabetes mellitus. 60 subjects were males and 64 subjects were females. Based on the analyzed result, it’s confirmed that dry eye has significant result with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 patients (p-value=0.027) (p < 0.05). Dry Eye was found 91.1% in the age group ? 50 years, 51.6% female gender, and 42.7% patients suffered severe dry eye.Conclusions: From the result of this study, it can be concluded that dry eye has a significant result with diabetes mellitus type 2 patients at Mencirim 77 Eye Hospital. Latar belakang: Sindrom mata kering merupakan suatu penyakit permukaan okular multifaktoral dengan karakteristik gejala seperti rasa tidak nyaman, iritasi dan gangguan visual. Sindrom mata kering meningkatkan beban yang signifikan terhadap suatu individu termasuk fungsi sosial, pekerjaan dan menurunkan kualitas hidup. The Women’s Health Study Questionnaire (WHSQ) mengungkapkan bahwa prevalensi bervariasi sekitar 4,3% pada pria Amerika hingga 21,6% pada wanita Asia. Prevalensi Dry Eye di Asia Tenggara sekitar 20,0% hingga 52,4%.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional dengan total sampling. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien poliklinik di RS Mata Mencirim 77 pada bulan Agustus 2019. Sampel pada panelitian ini adalah pasien dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Data di analisa dengan SPSS menggunakan chi-square test.Hasil: Dari 124 pasien Dry Eye, 62 pasien dengan diabetes melitus dan 62 pasien tanpa diabetes melitus. 60 subjek adalah laki-laki dan 64 subjek adalah perempuan. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data didapatkan bahwa dry eye memiliki hasil yang signifikan dengan pasien diabetes tipe 2 (nilai-p=0.027) (p<0.05). Dry Eye ditemukan sebanyak 91.1% pada kelompok usia ? 50 tahun, 51.6% jenis kelamin perempuan, 42.7% pasien menderita Dry Eye berat.Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Dry Eye menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan terhadap pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Mata Mencirim 77.
Karakteristik klinikopatologi osteokondroma di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar periode tahun 2013 - 2018
Authors: Atmaja I Gusti Ngurah Pratama Yuda , Sumadi I Wayan Juli , Sriwidyani Ni Putu 
Published: December 2022

Background: Osteochondroma is a benign cartilage tumor which is quite a number of events with a clinical picture and quite varied pathology. The cause of osteochondroma is still not known with certainty. Data from osteocondroma cases in Indonesia especially in Bali are still very rarely found, even histopathological data registered at hospitals in Bali are still very rare. Aim: The study aims to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of osteochondroma patients in the Sanglah Hospital Denpasar for 5 years.Method: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Sanglah Hospital using the histological data archive for the period 2013 - 2018. The sampling technique used total sampling, with a total sample of 32 people.Results: Most of the osteochondroma sufferers in this study were 59.4% male, while female sufferers were around 40.6%, with the most age range being 10 - 20 years (62.5%) and at least those aged > 20 years (15.6%). The most tumor location is the distal femur bone (37.5%). Most tumor size is at the size of 1-5 cm (78.1%). Most cases of osteochondroma based on the thickness of the hyaline cartilage cap are 1-3 mm (59.4%).Conclusion: The clinicopathological characteristics of osteochondroma patients by using histopathological data in the Sanglah Hospital shows that osteochondroma is more common in men. Osteokondroma merupakan salah satu tumor tulang rawan jinak yang angka kejadiannya cukup banyak dengan gambaran klinis dan gambaran patologinya cukup bervariasi. Penyebab osteokondroma masih belum dapat diketahui dengan pasti. Data dari kasus osteokondroma di Indonesia khususnya di Bali masih sangat jarang ditemukan, bahkan data histopatologi yang teregristasi di rumah sakit di Bali masih sangat jarang terjadi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui karakteristik klinikopatologi pasien osteokondroma di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah Denpasar selama 5 tahun.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di RSUP Sanglah menggunakan arsip data histologi periode tahun 2013 – 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling, dengan total jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 orang.Hasil: Sebagian besar penderita osteokondroma pada penelitian ini adalah laki – laki selitar 59,4%, sedangkan penderita perempuan sekitar 40,6%, dengan rentang usia terbanyak adalah 10 – 20 tahun (62,5%) dan paling sedikit pada usia > 20 tahun (15,6%). Lokasi tumor paling banyak adalah tulang distal femur (37,5%). Ukuran tumor paling banyak adalah pada ukuran 1 – 5 cm (78,1%). Kasus osteokondroma berdasarkan ketebalan tutup tulang rawan hialin terbanyak adalah pada ukuran 1 – 3 mm (59,4%).Simpulan: Karakteristik klinikopatologi pasien osteokondroma dengan menggunakan data histopatologi di RSUP Sanglah menunjukkan osteokondroma lebih banyak diderita oleh laki – laki.
Acute thromboembolic ischemic stroke in rural hospital, the role of early treatment in reducing brain damage
Authors: Akbar Munzirul , Habibie Yopie Afriandi , Mursyida Mursyida 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Stroke has a high mortality and disability rate, and the main cause of physical disability in productive age and elderly. In developed countries stroke is the number one cause of admission of patients to hospital, with a mortality proportion of 20% within the first 28 days of treatmentCase Report: A 45-year-old man came to the neurology polyclinic of RSUD Aceh Besar on March 21st, 2021 with chief complaints of the general weakness of the left limb, complete numbness and heavy feeling in the left limb since 4 hours of before admission which is felt to be getting weaker from time to time, happened suddenly when the patient was working collecting stones. He complained of dizziness as well, and did not decrease while resting. After the attack, the patient remains conscious with no headache, no nausea and vomiting, no double images were seen. On Siriraj score showed result of -4. The patient was hospitalized with injection of Citicolin 1000 mg and then discharged 5 days later with significant improvement.Conclusion: Ischemic Stroke requires fast, precise and accurate handling to prevent and avoid disability and even death. One of the effective efforts is to organize health promotion and preventive programs starting from the First Level Health Facility (FKTP) on an ongoing basis to the community.
Profil deskriptif pasien dengan apendisitis akut di Rumah Sakit Sekunder periode Juni hingga Desember 2020
Authors: Natario Natario , Pretangga Anak Agung Ngurah 
Published: December 2022

Background: Appendicitis is one of the cause of lower abdominal pain and often results in visits to the Emergency Room. Appendicitis caused by luminal obstruction of various etiologies which increases mucus production and bacterial overgrowth. This study aimed to determine the profile of acute appendicitis sufferers.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 56 participants obtained with total sampling method from July 2020 until December 2020. Data obtained from medical record of the patients, which diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Descriptive analysis was performed for demographic data, symptoms, types, and each component of Alvarado score.Results: The mean age in this study was 28.79 ± 13.87 years, with dominant were female (51.8%). Most of the patients were without complications (25%). However, most types of case were suppurative (17.9%). From the Alvarado score component, all patients experienced complaints of lower right abdominal pain. Meanwhile, from the laboratory, most patients with leukocytosis (80.4%) and shifted to the left (91.1%) characteristic.Conclusion: Acute appendicitis affects mostly women. Judging from the number of leukocytes, most had leukocytosis. Meanwhile, in terms of type of cases, most did not had any complications. However, the most common type is suppurative. Latar Belakang: Apendisitis merupakan penyebab nyeri perut bawah dan sering menyebabkan kunjungan ke Unit Gawat Darurat. Apendisitis disebabkan oleh obstruksi luminal akibat berbagai etiologi sehingga meningkatkan produksi mukus dan pertumbuhan bakteri berlebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita apendisitis akut.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintak deskriptif yang melibatkan 56 sampel. Sampel didapatkan melalui total sampling dari periode Juli 2020 hingga Desember 2020. Data didapatkan dari rekam medis pasien yang didiagnosis dengan apendisitis akut. Dilakukan analisis deskriptif terhadap data demografik, keluhan, tipe kasus, dan masing-masing komponen skor Alvarado. Hasil: Rerata usia pada penelitian ini yaitu 28,79 ± 13,87 tahun. Sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan (51,8%). Sebagian besar pasien tanpa komplikasi (25%). Namun dari tipe-tipe kasus yang ada, sebagian besar yaitu supuratif (17,9%). Dari komponen skor Alvarado, seluruh pasien mengalami keluhan nyeri perut kanan bawah. Sedangkan dari segi laboratorium, sebagian besar mengalami leukositosis (80,4%) dan dengan karakteristik shift to the left (91,1%).Simpulan: Apendisitis akut dialami sebagian besar oleh perempuan. Dilihat dari jumlah leukosit, rata-rata pasien mengalami leukositosis. Sedangkan dari tipe kasus, sebagian besar tidak mengalami komplikasi. Namun, tipe kasus yang paling sering muncul yaitu supuratif.
Infeksi COVID-19 pada pasien myasthenia gravis: sebuah tinjauan pustaka
Authors: Setiawan Made Ratna Dewi , Sumada I Ketut 
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic and during this condition, there might be at greater risk of exacerbation in patients with myasthenia gravis. This is related to the viral infection that has been known to increase the risk of a myasthenic crisis. In addition, some experimental drugs used in COVID-19 has been reported to increase the risk of exacerbation in patient with myasthenia gravis. In the other hand, several studies show higher morbidity and mortality rates due to COVID-19 in patient with myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis might be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection due to several mechanisms, such as the effect of the immunosuppressive therapy and the inherent respiratory muscle weakness and vulnerabilities. The comprehensive study based on several case report is needed to respond the needs of adaptation in treating patient with myasthenia gravis during this pandemic era. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) telah menjadi pandemi global dalam waktu singkat. Selama pandemi ini, terdapat peningkatan resiko eksaserbasi pada pasien dengan myasthenia gravis. Hal ini terjadi karena sejak lama telah diketahui bahwa infeksi virus dapat meningkatkan resiko krisis myasthenia pada pasien myasthenia gravis. Beberapa obat eksperimental yang diberikan pada pasien dengan infeksi COVID-19 juga dilaporkan memiliki resiko yang tinggi dalam menimbulkan eksaserbasi gejala myasthenia gravis. Di sisi lain, beberapa studi terkait COVID-19 menunjukkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi pada pasien dengan myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis juga merupakan faktor resiko untuk infeksi COVID-19 berat yang berhubungan degan beberapa mekanisme seperti efek dari terapi imunosupresan dan kondisi kelemahan otot pernafasan pada penyakit myasthenia gravis. Telaah yang komprehensif berdasarkan beberapa laporan kasus terkait infeksi COVID-19 pada pasien myasthenia gravis sangat diperlukan untuk melakukan adaptasi manajemen terapi pada era pandemi ini.
Congenital syphilis present with pemphigus syphilitics and atelectatic congenital pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Beatrice Callista , Triastuti Indriana , Indrawan I Gde Doddy Kurnia 
Published: December 2022

Background: Congenital syphilis is an infectious disease of newborns caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete bacterium, from vertical transmission from infected mother to fetus. Diagnosis of congenital syphilis can be difficult because two-thirds of affected infants are asymptomatic at birth, and the signs of symptomatic infants are diverse. Familiarity with the various presentations is essential to early diagnosis and treatment.Case Description: A male preterm, 35 weeks gestation baby, born by vaginal delivery from G1P0 mother with syphilis latent phase, with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) titer reactive (1:2560) with no treatment during the antenatal period. The baby was born with low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin rash. Diffuse desquamation and fissures also multiple eroded pale blisters are known as pemphigus syphilitics. TPHA was also reactive at the same level as the mother. Complete blood count showed severe respiratory acidosis (pH: 6,8), leucocytosis (46.420/uL), thrombocytosis (414.000/uL), lymphocytosis (40,3%), and monocytosis (16%). Radiology showed severe atelectatic left lung and course nodular congenital pneumonia of the right lung. The baby was intubated and injected with penicillin procaine 50.000 IU/kg/day intramuscularly in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, due to severe atelectatic lung and acidosis, this case resulted in a fatal outcome.Conclusion: Broad desquamation, multiple fissures, and eroded pale blisters (vesiculobullous lesions) known as pemphigus syphilitics should alert clinicians as an early manifestation of congenital syphilis. Other manifestations include congenital pneumonia, typically atelectatic or nodular type, and hepatosplenomegaly. Treatment should be started promptly to decrease its morbidity and mortality.
The efficacy of olmesartan/amlodipine combination in hypertension treatment – a systematic review
Authors: Praptika Ni Luh Parameswari , Ryantama Anak Agung Wira , Bhuwana Ni Nyoman Astrid Tri 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is the most common non-communicable disease, which persists as a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, myocardial infection, and heart failure. Another major problem in clinical practice was the patients' adherence to treatment, directly related to the number of hypertension pills to be taken. Thus, determining the appropriate time duration and action of a hypertensive drug to maintain the blood pressure is needed. Olmesartan is one of the drug compounds frequently used for long-acting anti-hypertensive treatment. It is often combined with amlodipine; however, their combination remains unclear to provide equal efficacy and safety. Thus, in this article, we systematically summarize the combination of Olmesartan with amlodipine.Methods: This systematic literature review was extracted from Science Direct and Pubmed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCT) of the outcome of the Olmesartan/amlodipine effect compared with other hypertension regimens by using PRISMA guideline 2009. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two reviewers using The Cochrane Collaboration's RoB 2 tool.Results: We evaluated twelve studies in the last ten years, and there were four studies with an intention-to-treat protocol (25% of articles had some concern, and 75% had a low risk of bias.) and eight studies with per-protocol analysis (37,5% of articles were concerned, and the rest had a low risk of overall bias). We also presented the efficacy and safety outcomes of the study reviewed.Conclusion: Hypertension is a common non-communicable disease, and treatment approaches for hypertension vary widely. Administration of combination drugs is a good approach in reducing the dose of drug administration and reducing the incidence of side effects in monotherapy. Inhibiting the RAA system by olmesartan and reducing vascular smooth muscle tone by amlodipine gives better results and can be a safe and effective option for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The side effects observed were not severe and only observed in a few cases, making it an option to treat hypertension.