bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gel-Based Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in a Patient with Noncontained Osteochondral Knee Defect at 9-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Deliwala Ujjval , Sethia Sumit Jain 
Published: May 2022

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disorder of the subchondral bone affecting the adjacent articular cartilage that may lead to cartilage and bone fragment detachment. It commonly occurs in the knee joint, elbow, wrist, and ankle. Although several surgical concepts have been described to treat OCD (fragment fixation, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and mosaicplasty), no gold standard treatment has been accepted for managing OCD. Multiple factors like age, stability of defect, and defect size should be considered while selecting a specific treatment for OCD. Here, we discuss the case of an 18-year-old patient with horizontal and noncontained OCD. The MRI and CT scan evaluations of condylar notch view showed a defect (

23

mm
×
19

mm
×
8

mm

) with ICRS grade IV lateral femoral condyle OCD that was successfully managed by gel-based ACI. After 9 years of ACI, the patient was asymptomatic with full range of motions at the knees. Improvement in visual analog scale score, International Knee Documentation Committee score, and Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue score was also seen at 9 years post-ACI. No further surgical interventions were needed post-ACI.
MYC Inhibition Halts Metastatic Breast Cancer Progression by Blocking Growth, Invasion, and Seeding
Authors: Massó-Vallés Daniel , Beaulieu Marie-Eve , Jauset Toni , Giuntini Fabio , Zacarías-Fluck Mariano F. , Foradada Laia , Martínez-Martín Sandra , Serrano Erika , Martín-Fernández Génesis , Casacuberta-Serra Sílvia , Castillo Cano Virginia , Kaur Jastrinjan , López-Estévez Sergio , Morcillo Miguel Ángel , Alzrigat Mohammad , Mahmoud Loay , Luque-García Antonio , Escorihuela Marta , Guzman Marta , Arribas Joaquín , Serra Violeta , Larsson Lars-Gunnar , Whitfield Jonathan R. , Soucek Laura 
Published: May 2022

MYC's role in promoting tumorigenesis is beyond doubt, but its function in the metastatic process is still controversial. Omomyc is a MYC dominant negative that has shown potent antitumor activity in multiple cancer cell lines and mouse models, regardless of their tissue of origin or driver mutations, by impacting on several of the hallmarks of cancer. However, its therapeutic efficacy against metastasis has not been elucidated yet. Here we demonstrate for the first time that MYC inhibition by transgenic Omomyc is efficacious against all breast cancer molecular subtypes, including triple-negative breast cancer, where it displays potent antimetastatic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, pharmacologic treatment with the recombinantly produced Omomyc miniprotein, recently entering a clinical trial in solid tumors, recapitulates several key features of expression of the Omomyc transgene, confirming its clinical applicability to metastatic breast cancer, including advanced triple-negative breast cancer, a disease in urgent need of better therapeutic options.

Significance:
While MYC role in metastasis has been long controversial, this manuscript demonstrates that MYC inhibition by either transgenic expression or pharmacologic use of the recombinantly produced Omomyc miniprotein exerts antitumor and antimetastatic activity in breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its clinical applicability.
Prognostic Role of Residual Thrombus Burden Following Thrombectomy: Insights From the TOTAL Trial
Authors: Alkhalil Mohammad , Kuzemczak Michał , Zhao Robin , Kavvouras Charalampos , Cantor Warren J. , Overgaard Christopher B. , Lavi Shahar , Sharma Vinoda , Chowdhary Saqib , Stanković Goran , Kedev Saško , Bernat Ivo , Bhindi Ravinay , Sheth Tej , Niemela Kari , Jolly Sanjit S. , Džavík Vladimír 
Published: May 2022

Background:
It is unclear whether more effective forms of thrombus removal than current aspiration catheters would lead to improved outcomes. We sought to evaluate the prognostic role of residual thrombus burden (rTB), after manual thrombectomy, in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with routine manual thrombectomy in the TOTAL trial (Thrombectomy Versus PCI Alone).

Methods:
This is a single-arm analysis of patients from the TOTAL trial who underwent routine manual aspiration thrombectomy. The rTB was quantified by an angiographic core laboratory using the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction criteria and validated using existing optical coherent tomography data. Large rTB was defined as grade ≥3. The primary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes, recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, or new or worsening heart failure within 180 days.

Results:
Of 5033 patients randomized to routine thrombectomy, 2869 patients had quantifiable rTB (1014 [35%] had large rTB). Patients with large rTB were more likely to have hypertension, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, myocardial infarction, or Killip class III on presentation but less likely to have Killip class I. The primary outcome occurred more frequently in patients with large rTB, even after adjustment for known risk predictors (8.6% versus 4.6%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.34–2.48]). These patients also had a higher risk of cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.13–2.95]), cardiogenic shock (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.08–3.76]), and heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.02–2.96]) but not myocardial infarction or stroke.

Conclusions:
Large rTB is a common finding in primary percutaneous coronary intervention and is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including cardiovascular death. Future technologies offering better thrombus removal than current devices may decrease or even eliminate the risk associated with rTB. This, potentially, can turn into a strategic option to be studied in clinical trials.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01149044.
Role of Quantitative Flow Ratio in Predicting Future Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Spitaleri Giosafat , Brugaletta Salvatore , Potena Luciano , Mirabet Sonia , González-Costello José , Zucchetti Ottavio , Masetti Marco , Asmarats Lluis , Gual Miquel , Nardi Elena , Di Girolamo Domenico , Campo Gianluca , Farrero Marta 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Coronary angiography is the gold standard for cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) diagnosis, but it usually detects the disease at an advanced stage. We investigated the role of quantitative flow ratio (QFR), a noninvasive tool to identify potentially flow-limiting lesions, in predicting CAV development in heart transplant recipients.

Methods:

Consecutive heart transplant recipients with no evidence of angiographic CAV at baseline coronary angiography were retrospectively included between January 2010 and December 2015, and QFR computation was performed. The relationship between vessel QFR and the occurrence of angiographic vessel-related CAV (
≥
50% stenosis) was assessed.

Results:

One hundred forty-three patients were included and QFR computation was feasible in 241 vessels. The median value of QFR at baseline coronary angiography was 0.98 (interquartile range, 0.94–1.00). During a median follow-up of 6.0 years (interquartile range, 4.6–7.8 years), vessel-related CAV occurred in 25 (10.4%) vessels. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis identified a QFR best cutoff of
≤
0.95 (area under the curve, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71–0.90];
P
<0.001). QFR
≤
0.95 was associated with an increased risk of vessel-related CAV (adjusted hazard ratio, 20.87 [95% CI, 5.35–81.43];
P
<0.001). In an exploratory analysis, QFR
≤
0.95 in at least 2 vessels was associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular death or late graft dysfunction (71.4% in recipients with 2–3 vessels affected versus 5.1% in recipients with 0–1 vessels affected,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In a cohort of heart transplant recipients, QFR computation at baseline coronary angiography may be a safe and reliable tool to predict vessel-related CAV and clinical outcomes at long-term follow-up.
Neonatal Myocardial Infarction: A Proposed Algorithm for Coronary Arterial Thrombus Management
Authors: El-Sabrout Hannah , Ganta Srujan , Guyon Peter , Ratnayaka Kanishka , Vaughn Gabrielle , Perry James , Kimball Amy , Ryan Justin , Thornburg Courtney D. , Tucker Suzanne , Mo Jun , Hegde Sanjeet , Nigro John , El-Said Howaida 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Neonatal myocardial infarction is rare and is associated with a high mortality of 40% to 50%. We report our experience with neonatal myocardial infarction, including presentation, management, outcomes, and our current patient management algorithm.

Methods:
We reviewed all infants admitted with a diagnosis of coronary artery thrombosis, coronary ischemia, or myocardial infarction between January 2015 and May 2021.

Results:
We identified 21 patients (median age, 1 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.25–9.00] day; weight, 3.2 [IQR, 2.9–3.7] kg). Presentation included respiratory distress (16), shock (3), and murmur (2). Regional wall motion abnormalities by echocardiogram were a key criterion for diagnosis and were present in all 21 with varying degrees of depressed left ventricular function (severe [8], moderate [6], mild [2], and low normal [5]). Ejection fraction ranged from 20% to 54% (median, 43% [IQR, 34%–51%]). Mitral regurgitation was present in 19 (90%), left atrial dilation in 15 (71%), and pulmonary hypertension in 18 (86%). ECG was abnormal in 19 (90%). Median troponin I was 0.18 (IQR, 0.12–0.56) ng/mL. Median BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) was 2100 (IQR, 924–2325) pg/mL. Seventeen had documented coronary thrombosis by cardiac catheterization. Seventeen (81%) were treated with intracoronary tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) followed by systemic heparin, AT (antithrombin), and intravenous nitroglycerin, and 4 (19%) were treated with systemic heparin, AT, and intravenous nitroglycerin alone. Nineteen of 21 recovered. One died (also had infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return). One patient required a ventricular assist device and later underwent heart transplant; this patient was diagnosed late at 5 weeks of age and did not respond to tPA. Nineteen of 21 (90%) regained normal left ventricular function (ejection fraction, 60%–74%; mean, 65% [IQR, 61%–67%]) at latest follow-up (median, 6.8 [IQR, 3.58–14.72] months). Two of 21 (10%) had residual trivial mitral regurgitation. After analysis of these results, we present our current algorithm, which developed and matured over time, to manage neonatal myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:
We experienced a lower mortality rate for infants with neonatal infarction than that reported in the literature. We propose a post hoc algorithm that may lead to improvement in patient outcomes following coronary artery thrombus.
Representations of Temporal Community Structure in Hippocampus and Precuneus Predict Inductive Reasoning Decisions
Authors: Pudhiyidath Athula , Morton Neal W. , Viveros Duran Rodrigo , Schapiro Anna C. , Momennejad Ida , Hinojosa-Rowland Demitrius M. , Molitor Robert J. , Preston Alison R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Our understanding of the world is shaped by inferences about underlying structure. For example, at the gym, you might notice that the same people tend to arrive around the same time and infer that they are friends that work out together. Consistent with this idea, after participants are presented with a temporal sequence of objects that follows an underlying community structure, they are biased to infer that objects from the same community share the same properties. Here, we used fMRI to measure neural representations of objects after temporal community structure learning and examine how these representations support inference about object relationships. We found that community structure learning affected inferred object similarity: When asked to spatially group items based on their experience, participants tended to group together objects from the same community. Neural representations in perirhinal cortex predicted individual differences in object grouping, suggesting that high-level object representations are affected by temporal community learning. Furthermore, participants were biased to infer that objects from the same community would share the same properties. Using computational modeling of temporal learning and inference decisions, we found that inductive reasoning is influenced by both detailed knowledge of temporal statistics and abstract knowledge of the temporal communities. The fidelity of temporal community representations in hippocampus and precuneus predicted the degree to which temporal community membership biased reasoning decisions. Our results suggest that temporal knowledge is represented at multiple levels of abstraction, and that perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and precuneus may support inference based on this knowledge.
Implicit Versus Explicit Timing—Separate or Shared Mechanisms?
Authors: Herbst Sophie K. , Obleser Jonas , van Wassenhove Virginie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Time implicitly shapes cognition, but time is also explicitly represented, for instance, in the form of durations. Parsimoniously, the brain could use the same mechanisms for implicit and explicit timing. Yet, the evidence has been equivocal, revealing both joint versus separate signatures of timing. Here, we directly compared implicit and explicit timing using magnetoencephalography, whose temporal resolution allows investigating the different stages of the timing processes. Implicit temporal predictability was induced in an auditory paradigm by a manipulation of the foreperiod. Participants received two consecutive task instructions: discriminate pitch (indirect measure of implicit timing) or duration (direct measure of explicit timing). The results show that the human brain efficiently extracts implicit temporal statistics of sensory environments, to enhance the behavioral and neural responses to auditory stimuli, but that those temporal predictions did not improve explicit timing. In both tasks, attentional orienting in time during predictive foreperiods was indexed by an increase in alpha power over visual and parietal areas. Furthermore, pretarget induced beta power in sensorimotor and parietal areas increased during implicit compared to explicit timing, in line with the suggested role for beta oscillations in temporal prediction. Interestingly, no distinct neural dynamics emerged when participants explicitly paid attention to time, compared to implicit timing. Our work thus indicates that implicit timing shapes the behavioral and sensory response in an automatic way and is reflected in oscillatory neural dynamics, whereas the translation of implicit temporal statistics to explicit durations remains somewhat inconclusive, possibly because of the more abstract nature of this task.
Age- and Episodic Memory-related Differences in Task-based Functional Connectivity in Women and Men
Authors: Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Rajagopal Sricharana , Ankudowich Elizabeth , Pasvanis Stamatoula , Misic Bratislav , Rajah M. Natasha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aging is associated with episodic memory decline and changes in functional brain connectivity. Understanding whether and how biological sex influences age- and memory performance-related functional connectivity has important theoretical implications for the cognitive neuroscience of memory and aging. Here, we scanned 161 healthy adults between 19 and 76 years of age in an event-related fMRI study of face–location spatial context memory. Adults were scanned while performing easy and difficult versions of the task at both encoding and retrieval. We used multivariate whole-brain partial least squares connectivity to test the hypothesis that there are sex differences in age- and episodic memory performance-related functional connectivity. We examined how individual differences in age and retrieval accuracy correlated with task-related connectivity. We then repeated this analysis after disaggregating the data by self-reported sex. We found that increased encoding and retrieval-related connectivity within the dorsal attention network (DAN), and between DAN and frontoparietal network and visual networks, were positively correlated to retrieval accuracy and negatively correlated with age in both sexes. We also observed sex differences in age- and performance-related functional connectivity: (a) Greater between-networks integration was apparent at both levels of task difficulty in women only, and (b) increased DAN–default mode network connectivity with age was observed in men and was correlated with poorer memory performance. Therefore, the neural correlates of age-related episodic memory decline differ in women and men and have important theoretical and clinical implications for the cognitive neuroscience of memory, aging, and dementia prevention.
The Compressional Beta Effect and Convective System Propagation
Authors: Ong Hing , Yang Da 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The compressional beta effect (CBE) arises in a compressible atmosphere with the nontraditional Coriolis terms (NCTs), the Coriolis force from the locally horizontal part of the planetary rotation. Previous studies proposed that the CBE speeds up the eastward propagation and slows down the westward propagation of zonal vertical circulations in a dry atmosphere. Here, we examine how the CBE affects the propagation of convectively coupled tropical waves. We perform 2D (x, z), large-domain cloud-resolving simulations with and without NCTs. This model setup mimics the atmosphere along Earth’s equator, and differences between the simulations highlight the role of the CBE. We analyze precipitation, precipitable water, and surface and upper-level winds from our simulations. Gravity wave signals emerge in all fields. In the no-NCT simulation, eastward and westward gravity waves propagate at the same speed. With NCTs, eastward gravity waves propagate faster than westward gravity waves. To quantify the strength of the CBE, we then measure the difference in gravity wave speed and find that it linearly increases with the system rotation rate. This result is consistent with our theoretical prediction and suggests that the CBE can induce zonal asymmetry in propagation behaviors of convectively coupled waves.

Significance Statement
The rotation of Earth turns eastward motion upward and upward motion westward, and vice versa. This effect is called the nontraditional Coriolis effect and is omitted in most of the current atmospheric models for predicting weather and climate. Using an idealized model with cloud physics, this study suggests that the inclusion of the nontraditional Coriolis effect speeds up eastward-moving rainy systems and slows down westward-moving ones. The speed change agrees with a theory without cloud physics. This study encourages restoring the nontraditional Coriolis effect to the atmospheric models since it increases the accuracy of tropical large-scale weather prediction while the cost is low.
Metrics for Evaluating CMIP6 Representation of Daily Precipitation Probability Distributions
Authors: Martinez-Villalobos Cristian , Neelin J. David , Pendergrass Angeline G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The performance of GCMs in simulating daily precipitation probability distributions is investigated by comparing 35 CMIP6 models against observational datasets (TRMM-3B42 and GPCP). In these observational datasets, PDFs on wet days follow a power-law range for low and moderate intensities below a characteristic precipitation cutoff scale. Beyond the cutoff scale, the probability drops much faster, hence controlling the size of extremes in a given climate. In the satellite products analyzed, PDFs have no interior peak. Contributions to the first and second moments tend to be single-peaked, implying a single dominant precipitation scale; the relationship to the cutoff scale and log-precipitation coordinate and normalization of frequency density are outlined. Key metrics investigated include the fraction of wet days, PDF power-law exponent, cutoff scale, shape of probability distributions, and number of probability peaks. The simulated power-law exponent and cutoff scale generally fall within observational bounds, although these bounds are large; GPCP systematically displays a smaller exponent and cutoff scale than TRMM-3B42. Most models simulate a more complex PDF shape than these observational datasets, with both PDFs and contributions exhibiting additional peaks in many regions. In most of these instances, one peak can be attributed to large-scale precipitation and the other to convective precipitation. Similar to previous CMIP phases, most models also rain too often and too lightly. These differences in wet-day fraction and PDF shape occur primarily over oceans and may relate to deterministic scales in precipitation parameterizations. It is argued that stochastic parameterizations may contribute to simplifying simulated distributions.
Revisiting the 2003–18 Deep Ocean Warming through Multiplatform Analysis of the Global Energy Budget
Authors: Storto Andrea , Cheng Lijing , Yang Chunxue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent estimates of the global warming rates suggest that approximately 9% of Earth’s excess heat has been cumulated in the deep and abyssal oceans (below 2000-m depth) during the last two decades. Such estimates assume stationary trends deducted as long-term rates. To reassess the deep ocean warming and potentially shed light on its interannual variability, we formulate the balance between Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI), the steric sea level, and the ocean heat content (OHC), at yearly time scales during the 2003–18 period, as a variational problem. The solution is achieved through variational minimization, merging observational data from top-of-atmosphere EEI, inferred from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), steric sea level estimates from altimetry minus gravimetry, and upper-ocean heat content estimates from in situ platforms (mostly Argo floats). Global ocean reanalyses provide background-error covariances for the OHC analysis. The analysis indicates a 2000-m–bottom warming of 0.08 ± 0.04 W m−2 for the period 2003–18, equal to 13% of the total ocean warming (0.62 ± 0.08 W m−2), slightly larger than previous estimates but consistent within the error bars. The analysis provides a fully consistent optimized solution also for the steric sea level and EEI. Moreover, the simultaneous use of the different heat budget observing networks is able to decrease the analysis uncertainty with respect to the observational one, for all observation types and especially for the 0–700-m OHC and steric sea level (more than 12% reduction). The sensitivity of the analysis to the choice of the background time series proved insignificant.

Significance Statement
Several observing networks provide complementary information about the temporal evolution of the global energy budget. Here, satellite observations of Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI) and steric sea level and in situ–derived estimates of ocean heat content anomalies are combined in a variational analysis framework, with the goal of assessing the deep ocean warming. The optimized solution accounts for the uncertainty of the different observing networks. Furthermore, it provides fully consistent analyses of global ocean heat content, steric sea level, and EEI, which show smaller uncertainty than the original observed time series. The deep ocean (below 2000-m depth) exhibits a significant warming of 0.08 ± 0.04 W m−2 for the period 2003–18, equal to the 13% of the total ocean warming.