bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing culturally appropriate residential dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage: Perspectives from Sydney‐based stakeholders
Authors: Du Toit Sanetta Henrietta Johanna , Bagul Deepali , Jessup Glenda Madeline , McGrath Margaret 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesGlobal migration and an increased life expectancy led to a growing number of people with dementia from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CaLD) backgrounds living in long‐term residential care settings. These minority groups' wellbeing may be negatively impacted due to poor culturally appropriate care that fails to honour valued cultural traditions. This study considered culturally appropriate dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage living in Sydney‐based residential aged care facilities.Research design and methodsThe Nominal Group Technique was employed to collect data from three groups of stakeholders of Indian heritage over a period of 6 months: care staff (n = 8), family of residential care recipients (n = 8), and community‐dwelling older adults (n = 7).ResultsPerspectives highlighted six concepts for consideration: (1) embracing a person‐centred approach to promote culturally appropriate dementia care; (2) training staff in culturally appropriate forms of respect; (3) the impact of staff ratios on care; (4) the importance of familiarity to meaningful engagement; (5) the importance of food; and (6) the necessity of engaging family and the wider Indian community in residential care activities.ConclusionsCulturally appropriate dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage is an area in need of further development. To ensure that residents with an Indian heritage are respected as an ethnic minority, it remains crucial that research is generated to inform policy development on each CaLD group as a separate entity.
Rural Bangladeshi consumers’ (un)willingness to pay for low‐milled rice: Implications for zinc biofortification
Authors: Herrington Caitlin L. , Maredia Mywish K. , Ortega David L. , Taleon Victor , Birol Ekin , Sarkar Md Abdur Rouf , Rahaman Md Shajedur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZinc deficiency is a severe public health problem in Bangladesh. We examine the effects of nutritional information on rural consumers’ willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for two ways to increase zinc intake through rice, the main staple crop–low‐milling that gives rice grains a distinctive light brown color (a visible trait) and sets it apart from the culturally preferred high‐milled white rice grain and biofortification of rice with increased zinc content (an invisible trait), which is also low‐milled to retain maximum zinc content. Results of our economic experiments suggest that with nutritional information, consumers are willing to pay a premium of 4.6% for zinc biofortified rice compared to non‐biofortified rice, when milled at the same level. However, results confirm the strong preference for high‐milled rice by Bangladeshi consumers who discounted low‐milled rice by 8%–10% even after receiving information on the nutritional benefits of biofortified or low‐milled rice. We find that consumers’ WTP for the two high‐zinc‐low‐milled rice types (biofortified and non‐biofortified) is positively correlated with being a female, more educated, belonging to households engaged in non‐farm activities and with children under 5 years of age. Results point to the importance of nutritional awareness campaigns for increasing zinc biofortified and low‐milled rice consumption and guiding the targeting strategy for such campaigns. Given the consumer preference for high‐milled rice, this study also points to the need for exploring the rice fortification strategy to address the challenge of malnutrition.
The incidence, characteristics and in‐hospital mortality of non‐ventilator‐associated hospital‐acquired pneumonia in regional Queensland: A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Gardiner Wenonah , Brown Kassandra , Richardson Heather , Pretorius Nellie , Heales Luke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence, characteristics and in‐hospital mortality of non‐ventilator‐associated hospital‐acquired pneumonia (NV‐HAP) in a regional (Modified Monash Model 2) Australian hospital.MethodsAll cases with NV‐HAP were obtained from the Business Analysis and Decision Support (BADS) Unit between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2018. Medical records were reviewed, and data pertaining to incidence, characteristics (age and gender), length of stay, co‐morbidities (measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index) and in‐hospital mortality were extracted. Incidence rate was calculated as a proportion of NV‐HAP cases per 1000 bed‐days.DesignA retrospective study design was used to review all cases of NV‐HAP between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 at a single regional Australian hospital. Using the Modified Monash Model (MMM), our regional setting is classified as a regional centre (MMM‐2).SettingRockhampton Hospital, Australia.ParticipantsPatient cases.Main outcome measuresIncidence rate, Incidence proportion, mortality.ResultsA total of 501 cases were identified with an incidence rate of 0.98 cases per 1000 bed‐days over the study period 2013–2018. Cases with NV‐HAP had a median age of 78.2 years (interquartile range 18.8), a median length of stay of 13.0 days (interquartile range 12.0) and a median Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 3.0 out of 39 (interquartile range 3.0), and a greater proportion was male (n = 297, 57%). The in‐hospital mortality rate for NV‐HAP cases was 18.9%.ConclusionThis study revealed an overall incidence rate of 0.98 cases per 1000 bed‐days from 2013 to 2018 in a regional Australian hospital. In addition, this study provided the descriptive characteristics for patients with NV‐HAP at our regional hospital.
circS100A11 enhances M2a macrophage activation and lung inflammation in children with asthma
Authors: Liang Qiuyan , Fu Jinrong , Wang Xiang , Liu Lijuan , Xiao Wenfeng , Gao Yajing , Yang Lan , Yu Hongmiao , Xie Xueru , Tu Zikun , Huang Saihua , Han Xiao , Qian Liling , Zhou Yufeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of circRNAs is associated with a variety of human diseases; however, its role in childhood asthma is undefined.MethodsThe differential expression profiles of circRNAs were analyzed by microarray. The effects and mechanisms by which circRNAs influence macrophage activation were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, among others. The roles of circRNA and its host gene in asthma were tested in a cockroach allergen extract (CRE)‐induced murine asthma model.ResultsWe identified 372 circRNAs that were differentially expressed in PBMCs of children with asthma as compared with healthy controls. A circRNA with unknown function, circS100A11, was dominantly expressed in monocytes and significantly upregulated in children with asthma. circS100A11 facilitated M2a macrophage activation by enhancing translation of its host gene, S100A11, and exacerbated lung inflammation in a CRE‐induced murine asthma model with macrophage‐specific overexpression of circS100A11. Mechanistically, circS100A11 promoted S100A11 translation by competitively binding to CAPRIN1 to decrease the suppression of CAPRIN1 upon S100A11 translation. Then, S100A11 liberated SP3 from nucleolin and promoted SP3 binding to the STAT6 promoter to enhance STAT6 expression and M2a macrophage activation. Macrophage‐specific knockdown of S100A11 could alleviate lung inflammation in a CRE‐induced murine asthma model in vivo.ConclusionscircS100A11 and S100A11 promote M2a macrophage activation and lung inflammation in asthma model and may serve as potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets in children with asthma.
Quantitative impact of pre‐analytical process on plasma uracil when testing for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Maillard Maud , Launay Manon , Royer Bernard , Guitton Jérôme , Gautier‐Veyret Elodie , Broutin Sophie , Tron Camille , Le Louedec Félicien , Ciccolini Joseph , Richard Damien , Alarcan Hugo , Haufroid Vincent , Tafzi Naïma , Schmitt Antonin , Etienne‐Grimaldi Marie‐Christine , Narjoz Céline , Thomas Fabienne ,   the Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique Oncologique (GPCO)
Published: September 2022

AimsDetermining dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity by measuring patient's uracil (U) plasma concentration is mandatory before fluoropyrimidine (FP) administration in France. In this study, we aimed to refine the pre‐analytical recommendations for determining U and dihydrouracil (UH2) concentrations, as they are essential in reliable DPD‐deficiency testing.MethodsU and UH2 concentrations were collected from 14 hospital laboratories. Stability in whole blood and plasma after centrifugation, the type of anticoagulant and long‐term plasma storage were evaluated. The variation induced by time and temperature was calculated and compared to an acceptability range of ±20%. Inter‐occasion variability (IOV) of U and UH2 was assessed in 573 patients double sampled for DPD‐deficiency testing.ResultsStorage of blood samples before centrifugation at room temperature (RT) should not exceed 1 h, whereas cold (+4°C) storage maintains the stability of uracil after 5 hours. For patients correctly double sampled, IOV of U reached 22.4% for U (SD = 17.9%, range = 0–99%). Notably, 17% of them were assigned with a different phenotype (normal or DPD‐deficient) based on the analysis of their two samples. For those having at least one non‐compliant sample, this percentage increased up to 33.8%. The moment of blood collection did not affect the DPD phenotyping result.ConclusionCaution should be taken when interpreting U concentrations if the time before centrifugation exceeds 1 hour at RT, since it rises significantly afterwards. Not respecting the pre‐analytical conditions for DPD phenotyping increases the risk of DPD status misclassification.
The relationship between works councils and firms’ further training provision in times of technological change
Authors: Lammers Alexander , Lukowski Felix , Weis Kathrin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParticipating in further training is strategically important for employees to ensure their employability. Particularly for employees in low‐skilled jobs, works councils — firm‐level organizations that represent employees — constitute an important employee advocacy instrument in European countries, such as France and Germany. With comprehensive co‐determination rights, works councils can influence firms’ hiring policies, job design and career paths (e.g. promotions). Using German firm‐level data, we empirically investigate the influence of works councils on firms’ training provision for employees in firms below and above the industry level of technology. The results show that works councils have a positive effect on the percentage of employees in general, and of employees in low‐skilled jobs in particular, participating in training, but only for firms below the industry level of technology. These results show the importance of works councils in supporting training in such firms and enhancing the employment prospects of employees in low‐skilled jobs. In contrast, firms above the industry level of technology invest in training with or without a works council, indicating that the training interests of employers and employees are aligned.
Blood pressure‐independent renoprotective effects of small interference RNA targeting liver angiotensinogen in experimental diabetes
Authors: Cruz‐López Edwyn O. , Ren Liwei , Uijl Estrellita , Clahsen‐van Groningen Marian C. , van Veghel Richard , Garrelds Ingrid M. , Domenig Oliver , Poglitsch Marko , Zlatev Ivan , Rooney Timothy , Kasper Anne , Nioi Paul , Foster Don , Danser A. H. Jan 
Published: September 2022

Background and PurposeSmall interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting liver angiotensinogen lowers blood pressure, but its effects in hypertensive diabetes are unknown.Experimental ApproachTo address this, TGR (mRen2)27 rats (angiotensin II‐dependent hypertension model) were made diabetic with streptozotocin over 18 weeks and treated with either vehicle, angiotensinogen siRNA, the AT1 antagonist valsartan, the ACE inhibitor captopril, valsartan + siRNA or valsartan + captopril for the final 3 weeks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via radiotelemetry.Key ResultsMAP before treatment was 153 ± 2 mmHg. Diabetes resulted in albuminuria, accompanied by glomerulosclerosis and podocyte effacement, without a change in glomerular filtration rate. All treatments lowered MAP and cardiac hypertrophy, and the largest drop in MAP was observed with siRNA + valsartan. Treatment with siRNA lowered circulating angiotensinogen by >99%, and the lowest circulating angiotensin II and aldosterone levels occurred in the dual treatment groups. Angiotensinogen siRNA did not affect renal angiotensinogen mRNA expression, confirming its liver‐specificity. Furthermore, only siRNA with or without valsartan lowered renal angiotensin I. All treatments lowered renal angiotensin II and the reduction was largest (>95%) in the siRNA + valsartan group. All treatments identically lowered albuminuria, whereas only siRNA with or without valsartan restored podocyte foot processes and reduced glomerulosclerosis.Conclusion and ImplicationsAngiotensinogen siRNA exerts renoprotection in diabetic TGR (mRen2)27 rats and this relies, at least in part, on the suppression of renal angiotensin II formation from liver‐derived angiotensinogen. Clinical trials should now address whether this is also beneficial in human diabetic kidney disease.
NUSAP1, a novel stemness‐related protein, promotes early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Jinying , Tang Ming , Wu Junru , Qu Hengdong , Tu Mengxian , Pan Zhaojie , Gao Chongqing , Yang Yuping , Qu Chen , Huang Wei , Hong Jian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarly recurrence (within 2 years after resection) is the primary cause of poor outcomes among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and liver cancer stem cells are the main contributors to postsurgical HCC recurrence. Nucleolar and spindle‐associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression. We investigated the function and clinical value of NUSAP1 in early recurrence of HCC. Data from public datasets and our cohort were used to assess the association between NUSAP1 expression and early HCC recurrence. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were carried out in vivo and in vitro. The predictive effect of NUSAP1 on early HCC recurrence was further evaluated by a validation cohort. We found that elevated NUSAP1 expression in HCC specimens was correlated with poor outcome, especially in cases with postoperative early recurrence. Functional studies indicated that NUSAP1 significantly promotes HCC progression. A postsurgical recurrence murine model further revealed that upregulated NUSAP1 dramatically increased the likelihood of HCC early recurrence. RNA sequencing data revealed that the gene sets of cancer stemness and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway were enriched by NUSAP1 overexpression. Mechanistically, NUSAP1 enhanced cancer stemness through stimulating STAT3 nuclear translocation and activation through receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). In a validation cohort with 112 HCC patients, NUSAP1 effectively predicted HCC early recurrence. Our results indicated that NUSAP1 promotes early recurrence of HCC by sustaining cancer stemness and could serve as a valuable predictive indicator for postsurgical intervention in HCC patients.
Child protection social workers in Italy and the Covid‐19 challenges: Redefining services to support children and their families
Authors: Calcaterra Valentina , Landi Camilla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the Covid‐19 pandemic, social workers played an essential role in helping people understand what was happening and cope with new unforeseen difficulties, even carrying out new tasks and activities. Social workers were asked to redefine their work methods to maintain aid relationships with families. This reorganization was complex and challenging for child protection services. The paper will discuss the results of a qualitative research project aimed to describe the Italian child protection social workers' functions during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Three online focus groups were conducted with child protection social workers. These focus groups helped researchers explore the new organization of social workers' work in child protection services, which was aimed at maintaining their role and performing the new tasks they need to carry out to support families and children. Three main areas of discussion emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) postponed and maintained activities; (2) remote work advantages and challenges; and (3) new professional learning.
Association between bullous pemphigoid and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang I‐Hsin , Wu Po‐Chien , Liu Che‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Chen 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesDespite the well‐established association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and neurological diseases, the association between BP and psychiatric disorders remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between BP and various psychiatric disorders.Patients and MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for the identification of eligible cohort and case‐control studies until May 30, 2021. Meta‐analyses of crude estimates and adjusted estimates of odds ratio (OR) for case‐control studies and hazard ratio (HR) cohort studies were then conducted.ResultsSixteen studies involving 637,285 patients were included for the qualitative synthesis. In the meta‐analysis of adjusted estimates for case‐control studies, patients with BP exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders (OR 1.77, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.92) and schizophrenia (OR 2.63, 95 % CI 2.03–3.39). Regarding the analysis of adjusted estimates of cohort studies, BP presented no significantly higher risk of depression (HR 1.09, 95 % CI 0.94–1.26) and schizophrenia (HR 1.35, 95 % CI 0.76–2.39).ConclusionsPsychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, have a significantly higher risk of preceding BP.
Robot‐assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection contributes to efficient and safe learning for novices: Prospective pilot cross‐over ex vivo study (with video)
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Fu Shichen , Li Lixiang , Yang Jialin , Ji Rui , Li Yanqing , Zuo Xiuli 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe lack of effective countertraction to expose the submucosal layer contributes to the technical complication and adverse events in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel endoscopic robot (flexible auxiliary single‐arm transluminal endoscopic robot [FASTER]) for ESD learning for novices.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐over designed pilot study in ex vivo porcine stomach. Four ESD novices were randomized to either FASTER‐assisted ESD first (FC) group or a conventional ESD first (CF) group, performed 40 gastric ESDs using each technique, then crossed over to another technique. The performance and learning curve were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the first phase, novices in the FC group demonstrated significantly better performance with shorter procedure time (25.6 ± 7.8 vs. 38.9 ± 13.4 min; P < 0.001) and submucosal dissection time (13.9 ± 5.5 vs. 23.1 ± 11.0 min; P < 0.001), higher direct‐vision dissection ratio (84.0 ± 7.9% vs. 43.5 ± 20.7%; P < 0.001), and lower muscular injury (2.5 vs. 40.0%; P < 0.001) and task load (4 vs. 5; P < 0.001). Fewer ESDs were required to gain early proficiency in the FC group. When crossed to the second phase, procedure time in the FC group was prolonged but the muscular injury rate did not increase significantly. In total, endoscopists in the FC group tended to have a lower task load (4 vs. 5; P = 0.008) and less muscular injury (10.0 vs. 21.3%; P = 0.05).ConclusionFlexible auxiliary single‐arm transluminal endoscopic robot‐assisted learning reduces the technical difficulty of ESD for novices and the safety profile can sustain in following conventional ESD. These results indicated that FASTER has potential implications for ESD training in clinical practice.
A general framework for species‐abundance distributions: Linking traits and dispersal to explain commonness and rarity
Authors: Koffel Thomas , Umemura Kaito , Litchman Elena , Klausmeier Christopher A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpecies‐abundance distributions (SADs) describe the spectrum of commonness and rarity in a community. Beyond the universal observation that most species are rare and only a few common, more‐precise description of SAD shape is controversial. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind SADs and how they vary along environmental gradients remain unresolved. We lack a general, non‐neutral theory of SADs. Here, we develop a trait‐based framework, focusing on a local community coupled to the region by dispersal. The balance of immigration and exclusion determines abundances, which vary over orders‐of‐magnitude. The local trait‐abundance distribution (TAD) reflects a transformation of the regional TAD. The left‐tail of the SAD depends on scaling exponents of the exclusion function and the regional species pool. More‐complex local dynamics can lead to multimodal TADs and SADs. Connecting SADs with trait‐based ecological theory provides a way to generate more‐testable hypotheses on the controls over commonness and rarity in communities.