bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monomerization of abscisic acid receptors through CARKs‐mediated phosphorylation
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Xie Yiting , Zhang Qian , Hua Xinyue , Peng Lu , Li Kexuan , Yu Qin , Chen Yihong , Yao Huan , He Juan , Huang Yaling , Wang Ruolin , Wang Tao , Wang Jianmei , Li Xufeng , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Cytosolic ABA Receptor Kinases (CARKs) play a pivotal role in abscisic acid (ABA)‐dependent pathway in response to dehydration, but their regulatory mechanism in ABA signaling remains unexplored. In this study, we showed that CARK4/5 of CARK family physically interacted with ABA receptors (RCARs/PYR1/PYLs), including RCAR3, RCAR11–RCAR14, while CARK2/7/11 only interacted with RCAR11–RCAR14, but not RCAR3. It indicates that the members in CARK family function redundantly and differentially in ABA signaling.

RCAR12 can form heterodimer with RCAR3 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the members of CARK family can form homodimer or heterodimer in a kinase activity dependent manner.

ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) analysis demonstrated that the phosphorylation of RCAR12 by CARK1 enhanced the ABA binding affinity. The phosphor‐mimic RCAR12T105D significantly displayed ABA‐induced inhibition of the phosphatase ABI1 (ABA insensitive 1) activity, leading to upregulation of ABA‐responsive genes RD29A and RD29B in cark157:RCAR12T105D transgenic plants, which exhibited ABA hypersensitive phenotype. The transcription factor ABI5 (ABA insensitive 5) activates the transcriptions of CARK1 and CARK3 by binding to ABA‐response elements (ABREs) of their promoters.

Collectively, our data imply that the dimeric CARKs phosphorylate homodimer or heterodimer ABA receptors, leading to monomerization for triggering ABA responses in Arabidopsis.
Math anxiety and deficient executive control: does reappraisal modulate this link?
Authors: Daches Cohen Lital , Rubinsten Orly 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe literature suggests an interplay between executive control functions and emotion regulation processes, with each playing a key role in math anxiety. We examined the relation between the use of two different emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal and suppression) and the ability to reduce emotional interference in high‐conflict situations (i.e., executive control of attention) in cases of math anxiety. A sample of 107 adults completed emotion regulation tendencies and math anxiety questionnaires and performed a flanker task following the priming of a math‐related or negative word. The findings revealed: (1) highly math‐anxious individuals had difficulty controlling emotional distractions induced by math information, even as simple as math‐related words, in high‐conflict conditions; and (2) the tendency to use reappraisal in everyday situations was associated with math‐anxious individuals’ ability to avoid heightened emotional reactions when encountering math‐related (i.e., threatening) information. These findings point to the efficacy of reappraisal‐focused intervention and suggest an innovative mechanism through which reappraisal reduces emotional reactions and improves performance among math‐anxious individuals, indicating a new way to approach interventions for math anxiety.
Prognostic value of tumor–stroma ratio in oral carcinoma: Role of cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Qiu Jingjian , Jiang Erhui , Shang Zhengjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTumor‐stroma ratio (TSR) is a promising parameter representing the abundance of the stroma which has been validated in many solid tumors. However, it is still not clear which part of stroma mainly contribute to the prognostic value of TSR. The aim of this study is to confirm the prognostic value of TSR in a large cohort of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and further demonstrated that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs)‐stroma ratio (CSR) contributed to the prognostic value of TSR.Materials and methodsTSR was evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue samples from 581 patients with OSCC, which divides patients into high (>50%) and low (<50%) stroma. Then, CSR was estimated on immunohistochemical staining slides of 100 patients selected from 581 patients.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, TSR was identified as an independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001) and oral cancer‐specific survival (OCSS) (p < 0.001). The interaction term reached statistical significance for histological grade for DFS and OCSS separately. Furthermore, the high‐stroma group had a higher CSR than the low‐stroma group.ConclusionThe prognostic value of TSR is validated in OSCC particularly in moderate and high differentiation, and CSR plays its part in the prognosis of TSR.
Expression and Clinical Significance of High‐Mobility Group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Cui Juncheng , Dean Dylan , Hornicek Francis J , Yi Guoliang , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveAlthough high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) has been shown to have crucial roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of various malignancies, its expression and significance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. Here we evaluate the expression, clinical prognostic value, and overall function of HMGA2 in osteosarcoma.MethodsSixty‐nine osteosarcoma patient specimens within a tissue microarray (TMA) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HMGA2 expression. Demographics and clinicopathological information including age, gender, tumor location, metastasis, recurrence, chemotherapy response, follow‐up time, and disease status were also collected. After validation of expression, we determined whether there was a correlation between HMGA2 expression and patient clinicopathology. HMGA2 expression was also evaluated in osteosarcoma cell lines and patient tissues by Western blot, we analyzed the expression of HMGA2 in the human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, 143B, U2OS, Saos‐2, MNNG/HOS, and KHOS. HMGA2‐specific siRNA and clonogenic assays were then used to determine the effect of HMGA2 inhibition on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, growth, and chemosensitivity.ResultsHMGA2 expression was elevated in the osteosarcoma patient specimens and human osteosarcoma cell lines. HMGA2 was differentially expressed in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Specifically, a relatively high expression of HMGA2 was present in KHOS, MNNG/HOS, 143B and a relatively low expression was in MG63, U2OS as well as Saos‐2. HMGA2 expression is correlated with metastasis and shorter overall survival. High HMGA2 expression is an independent predictor of poor osteosarcoma prognosis. There was no significant correlation between HMGA2 expression and the age, gender, or tumor site of the patient. HMGA2 expression is predominantly within the nucleus. The expression of HMGA2 also directly correlated to neoadjuvant chemoresistance. There was a significant reduction of HMGA2 expression in the siRNA transfection group. After the use of siRNA, the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells is decreased and the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells is significantly increased.ConclusionOur study supports HMGA2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
Learning Curve of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Direct Anterior Approach without Requiring Corrective Osteotomy for Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Shen Kaiwei , Feng Eryou , Lin Feitai , Weng Yan , Chen Jinhua 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the learning curve of total hip arthroplasty in direct anterior approach (DA‐THA) without requiring corrective osteotomy for patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) through the evaluation of clinical and radiographic results.MethodFrom December 2015 to January 2021, we retrospectively evaluated a surgeon's first 100 patients with unilateral hip dysplasia (Crowe I‐III) who underwent DA‐THA. All procedures were performed by a fellowship‐trained joint surgeon. Cementless hemispheric porous‐coated acetabular cups and tapered cementless stems were used in all hips. The radiographic data, including leg length, the height of the center of rotation, femoral head offset, the cup anteversion and inclination angle, were measured. The cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) and risk‐adjusted cumulative sum analysis (RA‐CUSUM) were used to determine the learning curve of DA‐THA for each patient's operation time. By analyzing the operation time, complication rate, postoperative length of hospitalization and creatine kinase (before surgery and the third day after surgery), estimated blood loss, Harris score, radiographic data were compared between the different stages of the learning curve.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 35.45 ± 16.82 months. The CUSUM method obtained the maximum turning point of the curve at 43 cases, which divided the learning curve into Learning Period and Mastery Period. The CUSUM learning curve was best modeled as a cubic curve with the equation: CUSUM (min) = 0.001x3 − 0.495x2 + 33.60x − 10.00, which had a higher R2 value of 0.967. The pre‐operative data, creatine kinase, estimated blood loss and postoperative Harris scores of the two stages were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean operation time was 118 min in the Learning Period and 87 min in the Mastery Period. Statistically significant differences were detected in the operation time (P < 0.001), postoperative length of hospitalization(P = 0.024), and postoperative leg length discrepancy (P = 0.012) between the two stages. The overall complication rates were 27.9% in the Learning Period and 12.3% in the Mastery Period (p = 0.049). The overall outliers of radiographic data were 34 cases in the Learning Period and 31 cases in the Mastery Period (79.07% vs 54.39%, P = 0.010).ConclusionsThe DA‐THA is a valuable alternative to achieve satisfactory clinical results for mild‐to‐moderate DDH patients. Furthermore, accurate analysis of the learning curve of DA‐THA for hip dysplasia by the CUSUM method showed that the surgeons need to finish about 43 cases to master the technique.
Social vulnerability indicators in pandemics focusing on COVID‐19: A systematic literature review
Authors: Fallah‐Aliabadi Saeed , Fatemi Farin , Heydari Ahad , Khajehaminian Mohammad Reza , Lotfi Mohammad Hasan , Mirzaei Masoud , Sarsangi Alireza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSocial factors can affect the vulnerability of disaster‐prone communities. This review aimed to identify and categorize social vulnerability indicators in the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in February 2021. Bibliographies, citation databases, and other available records were investigated based on the aim of the study. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools were applied for assessing the included articles retrieved through the comprehensive and systematic literature search. Descriptive and thematic analyses were done to extract the indicators affecting social vulnerability in the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsThirty‐one eligible articles were included and 85 indicators of social vulnerability were extracted. The indicators were categorized in seven main categories, including; Household, community composition; Race, minority status and language; Socioeconomic status; Community health status; Public health infra‐structures; Education; Information, technology and communication.ConclusionRegions with higher social vulnerability experienced greater mortality rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additional research is needed to measure the social vulnerability index in pandemics to prioritize distribution of scarce resources and ensure effectiveness and equity for all regions of countries.
Optional purchase verification in e‐commerce platforms: More representative product ratings and higher quality reviews
Authors: Kokkodis Marios , Lappas Theodoros , Kane Gerald C. 
Published: April 2022

E‐commerce platforms struggle to create and maintain high‐quality reputation systems. One promising option is “purchase verification,” which confirms that the user reviewing a product purchased the product from the platform. Previous works comparing platforms that require purchase verification with platforms that do not offer purchase verification found that review manipulation is easier in the latter. But what happens in platforms where purchase verification is optional? In such platforms, there is no monetary cost for posting fake reviews. Yet, optional purchase verification (OPV) might introduce indirect costs for fake reviewers through expectation disconfirmation, hence positively affecting the reputation ecosystem of an e‐commerce platform. To investigate, we use a quasi‐experimental setup to analyze 336,043 book reviews. We find empirical evidence that introducing OPV reduces fake reviews, most of which are positive. This reduction of fake reviews results in lower, more representative product ratings and longer and more helpful reviews posted by more experienced reviewers. These new findings extend our understanding of how OPV can improve a platform's reputation ecosystem and suggest managerial interventions for platforms that have yet to develop a verification mechanism.
Advances in CD247
Authors: Dexiu Chen , Xianying Lei , Yingchun Hu , Jiafu Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCD247, which is also known as CD3ζ, CD3H, CD3Q, CD3Z, IMD25, T3Z and TCRZ, encodes CD3ζ protein, which is expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) and T cells. Since the discovery of the ζ peptide in 1986, it has been continuously investigated. In this paper, we review the composition, molecular mechanisms and regulatory factors of CD247 expression in T cells; and review the autoimmune diseases, tumours and inflammatory diseases associated with CD247, providing a detailed and comprehensive reference for further research on the mechanism of CD247 and related diseases.
Assessing work resumption in hospitals during the COVID‐19 epidemic in China using multiscale geographically weighted regression
Authors: Hu Bisong , Zhang Qianqian , Tao Vincent , Wang Jinfeng , Lin Hui , Zuo Lijun , Meng Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe resumption of work and production is one of the key issues during the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) post‐epidemic phase. We used location‐based service data of mobile devices to assess the work resumption of 22,098 hospitals in mainland China. The multiscale influences of the determinants on work resumption in hospitals, including medical‐service capacity, human movement, and epidemic severity, were examined using the multiscale geographically weighted regression technique. This study provides a novel insight into the assessment of work resumption in hospitals and its determinants, and is flexible to be extended to evaluate the work resumption of other industries. The findings can introduce helpful information for other countries to implement the strategies of work recovery during the post‐epidemic phase.
Cytokinin increases vegetative growth period by suppressing florigen expression in rice and maize
Authors: Cho Lae‐Hyeon , Yoon Jinmi , Tun Win , Baek Gibeom , Peng Xin , Hong Woo‐Jong , Mori Izumi C. , Hojo Yuko , Matsuura Takakazu , Kim Sung‐Ryul , Kim Sun‐Tae , Kwon Soon‐Wook , Jung Ki‐Hong , Jeon Jong‐Seong , An Gynheung 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYIncreasing the vegetative growth period of crops can increase biomass and grain yield. In rice (Oryza sativa), the concentration of trans ‐zeatin, an active cytokinin, was high in the leaves during vegetative growth and decreased rapidly upon induction of florigen expression, suggesting that this hormone is involved in the regulation of the vegetative phase. To elucidate whether exogenous cytokinin application influences the length of the vegetative phase, we applied 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP) to rice plants at various developmental stages. Our treatment delayed flowering time by 8–9 days when compared with mock‐treated rice plants, but only at the transition stage when the flowering signals were produced. Our observations also showed that flowering in the paddy field is delayed by thidiazuron, a stable chemical that mimics the effects of cytokinin. The transcript levels of florigen genes Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and Rice Flowering locus T1 (RFT1) were significantly reduced by the treatment, but the expression of Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), a gene found directly upstream of the florigen genes, was not altered. In maize (Zea mays), similarly, BAP treatment increased the vegetative phage by inhibiting the expression of ZCN8, an ortholog of Hd3a. We showed that cytokinin treatment induced the expression of two type‐A response regulators (OsRR1 and OsRR2) which interacted with Ehd1, a type‐B response regulator. We also observed that cytokinin did not affect flowering time in ehd1 knockout mutants. Our study indicates that cytokinin application increases the duration of the vegetative phase by delaying the expression of florigen genes in rice and maize by inhibiting Ehd1.
Small molecule RHP1 promotes root hair tip growth by acting upstream of the RHD6‐RSL4‐dependent transcriptional pathway and ROP signaling in plants
Authors: Jin Zhongcai , Li Tian , Zhou Yuelong , Huang Yuanzhi , Ning Chengqing , Xu Jing , Hicks Glenn , Raikhel Natasha , Xiang Yun , Li Ruixi 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYRoot hairs are single‐cell projections in the root epidermis. The presence of root hairs greatly expands the root surface, which facilitates soil anchorage and the absorption of water and nutrients. Root hairs are also the ideal system to study the mechanism of polar growth. Previous research has identified many important factors that control different stages of root hair development. Using a chemical genetics screen, in this study we report the identification of a steroid molecule, RHP1, which promotes root hair growth at nanomolar concentrations without obvious change of other developmental processes. We further demonstrate that RHP1 specifically affects tip growth with no significant influence on cell fate or planar polarity. We also show that RHP1 promotes root hair tip growth via acting upstream of the RHD6‐RSL4‐dependent transcriptional pathway and ROP GTPase‐guided local signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that RHP1 exhibits a wide range of effects on different plant species in both monocots and dicots. This study of RHP1 will not only help to dissect the mechanism of root hair tip growth, but also provide a new tool to modify root hair growth in different plant species.
Long non‐coding RNA and transfer RNA‐derived small fragments in exosomes are potential biomarkers for canine oral melanoma
Authors: Husna Al Asmaul , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Chen Hui‐Wen , Hasan Md Nazmul , Nakagawa Takayuki , Miura Naoki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNovel small non‐coding RNAs (sRNAs) represent an emerging line of research in both human and canine oncology, due to their diverse regulatory and functional roles. Novel sRNAs are regarded as distinct from microRNAs, although both are part of the exosomal cargo. Recently, we reported on exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for canine melanoma; however, it is unknown if novel sRNAs hold similar potential. Accordingly, we aimed to identify and validate novel sRNAs as potential biomarkers of canine oral melanoma, as part of our larger project on sequencing small exosomal RNA for this disease. Next generation sequencing revealed several differentially expressed novel sRNAs in exosomes from two melanoma cell lines (KMeC and LMeC) when compared with reference exosomes (from tumour‐free dogs). Among these novel sRNAs, long noncoding RNA fragments, tRNA‐derived fragments, snoRNAs and snRNAs were abundantly expressed. We selected four novel sRNAs upregulated in each cell line, and validated their aberrant expression with qPCR. In analysis using plasma‐derived exosomes from melanoma patients, six out of the eight selected novel sRNAs showed significantly elevated expression. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that one long non‐coding RNA‐derived small fragment (ENSCAFT00000069599.1) and one transfer RNA‐derived small fragment (tRNA‐Ala‐TGC‐5‐1) have more than 85% sensitivity and specificity for differentiating melanoma patients from tumour‐free dogs. Therefore, we consider that novel sRNAs may serve as candidate biomarkers to facilitate more accurate diagnosis of canine oral melanoma in clinical settings.
Exercise, healthy ageing, and the potential role of small extracellular vesicles
Authors: McIlvenna Luke C. , Whitham Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released from most cells in the body and act as intercellular messengers transferring information in their cargo to affect cellular function. A growing body of evidence suggests that a subset of EVs, referred to here as ‘small extracellular vesicles’ (sEVs), can accelerate or slow the processes of ageing and age‐related diseases dependent on their molecular cargo and cellular origin. Continued exploration of the vast complexity of the sEV cargo aims to further characterise these systemic vehicles that may be targeted to ameliorate age‐related pathologies. Marked progress in the development of mass spectrometry‐based technologies means that it is now possible to characterise a significant proportion of the proteome of sEVs (surface and cargo) via unbiased proteomics. This information is vital for identifying biomarkers and the development of sEV‐based therapeutics in the context of ageing. Although exercise and physical activity are prominent features in maintaining health in advancing years, the mechanisms responsible are unclear. A potential mechanism by which plasma sEVs released during exercise could influence ageing and senescence is via the increased delivery of cargo proteins that function as antioxidant enzymes or inhibitors of senescence. These have been observed to increase in sEVs following acute and chronic exercise, as identified via independent interrogation of high coverage, publicly available proteomic datasets. Establishing tropism and exchange of functionally active proteins by these processes represents a promising line of enquiry in implicating sEVs as biologically relevant mediators of the ageing process.
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Spatial Manipulation in Virtual Peripersonal Space: A Study of Motor Strategies
Authors: Mohanty Ronak R. , Raina Abhijeet S. , Chaudhuri Subhrajyoti , Quek Francis , Sueda Shinjiro , Krishnamurthy Vinayak R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article studies fine motor strategies for precise spatial manipulation in close-to-body interactions. Our innate ability for precise work is the result of the confluence of visuo-tactile perception, proprioception, and bi-manual motor control. Contrary to this, most mixed-reality (MR) systems are designed for interactions at arms length. To develop guidelines for precise manipulations in MR systems, there is a need for a systematic study of motor strategies including physical indexing, bi-manual coordination, and the relationship between visual and tactile feedback. To address this need, we present a series of experiments using three variations of a tablet-based MR interface using a close-range motion capture system and motion-tracked shape proxies. We investigate an elaborate version of the classic peg-and-hole task that our results strongly suggests the critical need for high precision tracking to enable precise manipulation.