bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility and Irrigation Effects on ‘Temple’ Orange. I. Yield and Leaf Analyses1
Authors: Reese R. L. , Koo R. C. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Six year’s data with so-called ‘Temple’ orange (Citrus hybrid) on ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin rootstock (Citrus reticulata Blanco), show that increased rates of N and K increased fruit yield. P also increased yield. Spring vs. fall irrigation resulted in a significant increase in fruit production in 1 of 6 years, although slightly higher fruit production was observed every year with spring irrigation. Increased N rates resulted in higher leaf N and Mg but lower leaf P, K, and Ca. Increased K rates raised leaf K but lowered leaf Mg. The addition of P in the fertilizer resulted in higher leaf P and Ca but lower K and Mg contents. Spring irrigation induced lower K but higher Mg in certain years.
Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Ten Characteristics in Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Hansen Leon A. , Baggett James R. , Rowe Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tassel date, silk date, plant height, ear height, shank length, husk extension, tip blanking, row number, ear length, and first ear weight were studied in a diallel involving 7 inbred sweet corn parents. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were involved in the inheritance of all 10 characters. This was consistent for F1 crosses in 2 years and for F2 families. SCA variance (VSCA) was larger than GCA variance (VGCA) for ear length and first ear weight in the F1 and ratios of VSCA/VGCA for these characters were slightly larger than 1.0. VGCA was larger than VSCA all other characters in the F1. Ratios of VSCA/VGCA ranged from .05 for row no. to .57 for plant height.
Variance ratios for most characters decreased in the F2. The failure of some ratios to decrease in the F2 was attributed to either differential interactions of GCA and SCA with environment or inadequate sampling of F2 families. Genotype × year interactions influenced the expression of most characters. A greater portion of the genotype × year interaction was contained in estimates of SCA than in estimates of GCA. Heritability estimates from parent-progeny regression were generally larger than those from variance components, although these estimates were generally in close agreement.
Priming of Watermelon Seeds for Low-temperature Germination1
Authors: Sachs Menachem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Watermelon seeds (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakal cv. Sugar Baby) require high temperatures to germinate successfully. Under light conditions germination is inhibited at 20°C and lower and in the dark below 15°. The cause of the light inhibition at 20° lies in the embryo proper. Imbibition at 0° (up to 10 days) did not cause any apparent damage to the seeds, which germinated freely upon transfer to optimal temperature. Watermelon seeds could be primed for low-temperature germination by pretreatment at 30° or 35° or by imbibing the seeds in salt solutions prior to sowing. Inorganic osmoticum was superior to organic osmoticum. Differences in the efficacy of the priming existed among the different salt solutions tested. The best treatment was 2% or 3% KNO3 for 6 days. NH4NO3, NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2 and KC1 had similar effectiveness. After priming, seeds could be kept in dry storage for long periods (checked up to 20 weeks). Emergence studies confirm the effectiveness of the priming treatment for low-temperature germination of winter-grown watermelon.
Effect of Daminozide on ‘Concord’ Grapes1
Authors: Cahoon G. A. , Shaulis Nelson , Barnard John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide, SADH) applied to mature ‘Concord’ grape vines (Vitis labrusca L.) at 500 and 1000 ppm at first and at 50% bloom, was observed to increase fruitfulness and yield by increasing cluster weight. During 7 years cluster weight increases were associated with 2 to 6% decreases in berry size and 14 to 22% increases in berry number. Daminozide did not affect the number of seeds per berry, but did reduce weight per berry. Thus, increases in crop yield of up to 20 to 25% were obtained by increasing cluster weight and not by increasing cluster number. Daminozide increased total acid concentration slightly but had no effect on pH. Soluble solids were reduced by daminozide when yield increases, due to daminozide, were above 2 kg/vine. The effect on soluble solids appeared to result from increased productivity rather than from direct effect of the chemical. Daminozide reduced vine size more at the 1000-ppm than the 500-ppm rate.
Parthenocarpy in Cucumis sativus L. as Affected by Genetic Parthenocarpy, Thermo-photoperiod, and Femaleness1
Authors: Rudich J. , Baker L. R. , Sell H. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parthenocarpic fruiting of genetically parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic pickling cucumber lines was determined under different thermo-photoperiods. The genetically parthenocarpic line, MSU 364G, produced both earlier and more fruits under all thermo-photoperiod treatments than the genetically non-parthenocarpic line, Gy 3. This was especially true at high night temperatures (18°C). Thus, maximum selection pressure for yield in genetically parthenocarpic lines might be best exerted under high night temperatures. Conversely, the production or yield of parthenocarpic fruits was greatest under low night tempeartures (12°C). Hybrids involving either of these 2 parental lines and 2 hermaphroditic lines were intermediate for parthenocarpic yield. Yield of parthenocarpic lines was associated with intensity of femaleness, i.e., strong femaleness resulted in earlier fruiting and greater numbers of parthenocarpic fruits. The development of parthenocarpic pickling cucumber cultivars for once-over mechanical harvest seems practical by combining parthenocarpic with gynoecious genotypes.
Temperature and Photoperiod Effect on Flower Numbers in Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Nellie White’ and ‘Ace’ lily plants from non-vernalized bulbs were placed in growth chambers for temperature and photoperiod treatments at various stages of development.
Under a 16-hour photoperiod, a 21.1°/12.8°C day/night temperature regime was optimal from shoot emergence to flower bud initiation for early flowering and high flower numbers. The increases in the flower numbers were due to the increased number of secondary and tertiary flower buds. Primary buds were constant regardless of temperature and photoperiod treatment. Under a 16-hour photoperiod a night temperature of 7.2° favored secondary bud formation, while a 15.6° night temperature favored tertiary bud formation.
Under a 12-hour photoperiod from floral initiation to visible buds, a 18.3°/15.6°C day/night temperature regime was optimal for early flowering and a minimum loss of flower buds.
Under a 12-hour photoperiod from the visible bud stage to anthesis, a 21.1°/18.3°C day/night temperature regime was optimal for early flowering with the fewest aborted tertiary buds.
The Influence and Interaction of Ancymidol and Photoperiod on Growth of Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soil drenches of α-cyclopropyl-α-(p-methyxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) were applied at 3 stages of Lilium longiflorum development. Under a natural photoperiod the internodes of ‘Arai’ lily shoots from vernalized bulbs were reduced by ancymidol without delay of anthesis, but 3 applications reduced flower number and resulted in weak stems. Ancymidol treatments did not delay anthesis of ‘Nellie White’ lilies from non-vernalized bulbs whose shoots were induced to flower by 8 hour long-day photoperiod extensions. However, an apparent interaction occurred between photoperiod and ancymidol as there were increased heights of ‘Nellie White’ lily shoots when treated with ancymidol.
Comparison of Some Antitranspirants on Orange Trees and Fruit1
Authors: Albrigo L. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Antitranspirant sprays of 5 film-forming materials were compared on mature Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia trees for film persistence and reduction of fruit weight loss after harvest. These materials were also sprayed on young ‘Pineapple’ (C. sinensis) or ‘Valencia’ orange trees growing in 7.6 liter containers on which weight loss was subsequently measured for 48-hour periods after watering. Spray solutions of equal or known film-forming ingredients (solids content) of 1 to 4% (weight/weight) were applied and compared. Plantgard film did not significantly increase the leaf epicuticular coating nor did it reduce fruit weight loss or young tree water use. Mobileaf, Vapor Gard, Nu-Film-17, and Wilt Pruf NCF did result in heavier leaf coatings and less fruit weight loss than the controls. Mobileaf and Vapor Gard reduced potted tree water use. Some loss of effectiveness and coating thickness occurred 5 months after application, but only a small nonsignificant change in effectiveness occurred during the first 2 months after application. Mobileaf and Vapor Gard appeared to give the best antitranspirant protection for the initial 2 months and Vapor Gard for 5 months.
Responses of Five Cultivars of Fresh Market Tomato to Ozone: A Contrast of Cultivar Screening with Foliar Injury and Yield1
Authors: Oshima R. J. , Braegelmann P. K. , Baldwin D. W. , Van Way V. , Taylor O. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Foliar ozone sensitivity evaluations of 5 fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars from fumigation experiments were contrasted with field trial yields at Riverside, California, a high ambient dose location (3798 pphm-hour > 10 pphm). Foliar injury was not an accurate indicator of yield response as a correlation of foliar susceptibility and yield rankings was insignificant. Cultivar production characteristics at the South Coast Field Station (222 pphm-hour > 10 pphm) and at Riverside were identical with standardized field plots of ‘6718 VF’ from a concurrent experiment. Reduced fruit size and depressed early season production, previously correlated with ozone dose, were characteristic of all cultivars planted at Riverside. Comparisons of cultivar production rankings revealed that ‘H-ll’ and ‘6718 VF’ yielded significantly more, in terms of weight and number of fruit harvested than ‘Ace’, ‘Polepak’, or ‘Earlypak 7’. All cultivars except ‘Ace’ produced equivalent yields in terms of weight at South Coast Field Station.
Effect of Cultivar, Polyploidy and “Reciprocal” Hybridization on Characters Important in Breeding Triploid Seedless Watermelon Hybrids1
Authors: Henderson Warren R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
C5 (sister line of ‘Sweet Princess’), ‘Sugar Baby’ and ‘Florida Giant’ cultivars of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai], and their hybrids were compared at the diploid (2x), triploid (3x) and tetraploid (4x) chromosome levels. Ovary, fruit and seed shape was significantly rounder in the polyploids than in the diploids. There was no change in fruit shape in the already round cultivar, ‘Sugar Baby’. Fruit weight and ploidy level were inversely related. Hollow heart was more severe in the polyploids. The polyploids had a significantly thicker rind, contained larger seed, and were more field resistant to anthracnose than were the diploids.
“Reciprocal” triploid hybrids [C5 (4x) x ‘Sugar Baby’ (2x) compared to ‘Sugar Baby’ (4x) x C5 (2x)] had significantly different means for ovary shape, fruit shape and anthracnose resistance. The “reciprocal” triploid hybrids differed significantly in 1 of 2 seasons for the traits fruit weight, hollow heart incidence, rind thickness, and seed shape. In breeding seedless watermelon hybrids it is important to consider the parent cultivar used as the seed (tetraploid) parent.
Photoperiod and Temperature Effects on Root Cold Acclimation1
Authors: Johnson James R. , Havis John R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hardiness of intact roots of Potentilla fruiticosa L. cv. Katharine Dykes and Picea glauca Voss were determined during the autumn. Both extended photoperiod and warm temperature interfered with root acclimation to cold. Seasonally short days and near freezing temperature were necessary for maximum rates of cold acclimation of roots.
Variation in the Concentration of Certain Elements in Muscadine Grape Leaves Related to Season, Leaf Portion, and Age1
Authors: Cummings George A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chemical analysis of 3 portions (margin, midrib, and petiole) of immature and mature muscadine grape leaves (Vitis rotundifolia Michx. cv. Scuppernong) were carried out from samples collected at six 3-week intervals in 1971. The concentrations of N, Mn, Fe were higher in the leaf blade than in the petioles. Concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn were higher in petioles than in the leaf blades. Difference in elemental concentration in the 2 portions of the leaf blade were evident only with K and Mn. The concentrations of Mg in the 2 portions of the blade were the same early in the season and decreased during the season, but the rate of decrease in the margin portion tended to be more rapid than in the midrib after the second sampling date. The decrease in Mg concentration in the blade coincides with the appearance of visual Mg deficiency symptoms. Seasonal variation was evident for all elements analyzed but slopes of the curves of the different leaf portions for a given element were often quite different. Data are presented for elemental concentration of 3 leaf portions of immature and mature leaves. In all cases, except B, elemental concentrations varied with leaf portions.
Formation of Adventitious Embryos in Callus Cultures of ‘Seyval’, a French Hybrid Grape1
Authors: Krul William R. , Worley Joseph F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Callus tissue of ‘Seyval’ (Seyve-Villard 5-276) (Vitis sp.), a French hybrid grape, formed adventitious embryos when transferred from a medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to a medium containing 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Embryos began to turn green and develop into apparently normal vines when placed on a medium free of hormones and vitamins in the light. Histological evidence indicated that plants derived from callus originated from embryo-like structures and not from plantlets or excised buds. Secondary embryoids formed on primary embryoids, and tertiary embryoids occasionally formed on secondary embryoids. More than 50 vines and several hundred adventitious embryoids were obtained from approximately one cubic centimeter of callus.
Evaluation of Strawberry Clones for Fruit Rot Resistance1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Pepin H. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There was little relationship between postharvest resistance to fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr. and that caused by Rhizopus spp. (probably R. stolonifer [Ehr ex. Fr.] Vuill) among 116 genetically diverse strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) clones. Only 5 clones showed some resistance to both organisms. Resistance to one or the other of the organisms was evident in some early generation derivatives of Fragaria chiloensis L. clones. Resistance to B. cinerea in the field (at harvest) was not necessarily associated with postharvest resistance to the organism or to Rhizopus spp.
Manipulation of Bloom and Ripening Dates of Three Florida Grown Peach and Nectarine Cultivars through Sprinkling and Shade1
Authors: Buchanan D. W. , Bartholic J. F. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A delay in flowering of up to 14 days was obtained in the 1974-75 and 1975-76 seasons with ‘Sungold’ and ‘Sunrich’ nectarines and ‘Flordagold’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] by intermittent sprinkling when tree temperatures exceeded 18°C. Flowering and foliation was also hastened in 1974-75 on trees shaded with 55% saran cloth. Sprinkling did result in heavy bud abscission on certain cultivars. Shading and sprinkling lowered cambial temperatures by 5 to 10° and delayed harvest from 5 to 7 days.
Evaluation of Twelve Rootstocks for Dwarfing Citrus1
Authors: Phillips Richard L. , Castle William S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The influence of 12 rootstocks on the performance of a sweet orange seedling and ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) was evaluated in a study to determine their effect on eventual tree size. Trees on some rootstocks were larger than those on rough lemon, the standard for comparison, but a few were smaller and might be considered for closer spacings. The trifoliate orange selections (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rof.), particularly ‘English small’ merit consideration since yields were high in proportion to tree size and fruit quality was good. Results with ‘Rusk’ citrange (P. trifoliate × C. sinensis) were also quite satisfactory because the trees were semi-dwarf in size and had relatively good yields of high quality fruit of acceptable size. ‘Troyer’ and ‘Car-rizo’ citranges would be suitable candidates for ‘Valencia’ orange, based on this study, if semi-standard trees are desired. The performance of trees on some rootstocks was probably influenced by the sandy soil and the dwarfing effect could be more environmental than genetic.
Metabolism of Sucrose in Cut Roses. II. Movement and Inversion of Sucrose Absorbed by Cut Rose Stems1
Authors: Chin Chee-kok , Sacalis John N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
14C-sucrose, when taken up into the xylem, moved rapidly into leaves and flower heads of cut roses (Rosa hybrida L.) Outward lateral movement of 14C occurred rapidly along the entire length of stem at a uniform rate, regardless of l4C-sucrose concentration within the xylem and associated tissues. The quantity of 14C inverted sugars found in xylem tissue after uptake of 14C sucrose, and the rapid hydrolysis of sucrose passing through xylem of isolated stem segments suggests the involvement of invertase located in the xylem.
Abscission Response and Color Changes of ‘Valencia’ Oranges1
Authors: Wheaton T. Adair , Wilson W. C. , Holm R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mature Florida ‘Valencia’ oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] go through a period of reduced response to abscission chemicals. This nonresponsive period is characterized by both a reduction in the amount of ethylene induced by abscission chemicals and by decreased sensitivity of the abscission process to exogenous ethylene. During the nonresponsive period, application of the abscission chemical 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (Release) induced less ethylene formation and less reduction in fruit removal force than at times either prior to, or following, the nonresponsive period. Experiments with radioactive Release showed that uptake was not a factor in the reduced effectiveness of this material during the nonresponsive period. Abscission of explants induced by exogenous ethylene was slower during the nonresponsive period. Mature ‘Valencias’ also go through a period of regreening. Regreening and the nonresponsive period may begin at about the same time, but regreening continues after the nonresponsive period is over. In addition, color changes induced by exogenous ethylene remain similar throughout the regreening and nonresponsive periods, but abscission of explants induced by exogenous ethylene is reduced only during the nonresponsive period. These differences in time-course and ethylene sensitivity between regreening and the nonresponsive period allow differentiation of these two processes.
Linkage of Virescent Foliage and Plant Growth Habit in Muskmelon1
Authors: Zink F. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Data for the inheritance and linkage of virescent foliage and plant growth habit in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were obtained from 4 F2 progenies of crosses between parents with a virescent-foliage vine habit and green-foliage short-internode “bush” habit. The F1 progeny were green foliage and vine in habit. Of 1,376 F2 plants observed, 1,044 were green-foliage and 332 virescent; 1,019 were normal vine plants, and 357 were short-internode bush plants. Virescent foliage and short internodes are each controlled by a single recessive allele, respectively designated yv and b. The foliage-color gene + yv is linked with the plant-growth habit gene + b. In the repulsion phase, the crossover value was 19.5 ± 1.7.
The Relationship Between Endogenous Ethylene and Abscission of Mature Apple Fruits1
Authors: Walsh Christopher S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The changes in ethylene concentration of attached, horticulturally mature ‘Lodi’, ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were estimated by measuring the ethylene present in a tube sealed over the fruit calyx. Measurements of this gas sample [the equilibrium ethylene concentration (EEC)] were directly proportional to the internal ethylene concentration (IEC) of the fruit. In ‘Lodi’ and ‘McIntosh’, an increase in the EEC preceded abscisision by at least 3 days. The length of time to abscission after increases in EEC were noted was negatively correlated with daily mean temperature in ‘McIntosh’. ‘Golden Delicious’ fruits did not show a relationship between the EEC and abscission. The commercial harvest period of ‘Lodi’ preceded the rise in EEC. In ‘McIntosh’, ethylene accumulation occurred both during and after the commercial harvest.
Can Circulating Air Through a Buried Pipe be used to Heat and Cool Greenhouses?1
Authors: Walker J. N. , Buxton J. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An analysis of using an air-earth heat exchange for controlling the environment in a greenhouse was conducted. For purpose of the analysis, a small greenhouse (2.75 m wide and 4.25 m long) connected to 30.5 m of 45 cm diameter pipe was assumed. In terms of heating, the air-earth heat exchanges proved to be inadequate except for the very southern parts of the United States, and even in these locations the temperature had to be limited to a relatively cool temperature of 10°C. A similar analysis for summer showed that the air-earth heat exchange could effectively limit the occurrence of high temperatures in a greenhouse throughout the United States.
Carnation Flower Longevity: Microbial Populations as Related to Silver Nitrate Stem Impregnation1
Authors: Mayak Shimon , Garibaldi Elena Accati , Kofranek Anton M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a wide range of microbial populations, flower longevity of untreated stems of Dianthus caryophyllus L. was not different from the sterile water control. However, pretreating stems with 1000 ppm AgNO3 for 30 minutes and placing them in various dilutions of bacterial suspensions extended flower life and greatly reduced bacterial counts in the holding solution. Passing these suspensions through Millipore filters (0.45 μm) resulted in filtrates devoid of microorganisms which also reduced flower life and increased the water deficit of the petals. Silver counteracted the damaging effects of these filtrates.
Effect of Nitrogen Source and Rate on Composted Hardwood Bark Media and Subsequent Growth of Cotoneaster1
Authors: Sterrett Susan B. , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon-nitrogen relationships and pH of 2 milled hardwood bark-amended media were influenced similarly by 3 N sources, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, and Ca(NO3)2 incorporated at 0, 0.89 and 1.78 kg/m3 prior to composting. Nitrogen source did not affect overall growth; however dry weight and growth index of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid cv. Royal Beauty increased with increasing N rate. Source and rate of N had little effect on the foliar analysis, and all values were within the acceptable range for woody ornamentals.