bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suffering from Vulnerability
Authors: Zabel Benno 
Published: January 2022

Suffering from Vulnerability. On the Relation Between Law, Contingency and Solidarity
The COVID-19 crisis has produced or amplified disruptive processes in societies. This article wants to argue for the fact that we understand the meaning of the COVID-19 crisis only if we relate it to the fundamental vulnerability of modern life and the awareness of vulnerability of whole societies. Vulnerability in modernity are expressions of a reality of freedom that is to some extent considered contingent and therefore unsecured. It is true that law is understood today as the protective power of freedom. The thesis of the article, however, boils down to the fact that the COVID-19 crisis has resulted in a new way of thinking about the protection of freedom. This also means that the principle of solidarity must be assigned a new social role. Individual and societal vulnerability refer thereafter to an interconnectedness, dependency, and a future perspective of freedom margins that, in addition to the moral one, can also indicate a need for legal protection. In this respect, law has not only a function of delimitation, but also one of inclusion.
The Exceptionality of Solidarity
Authors: Navarro Amalia Amaya 
Published: January 2022

The Exceptionality of Solidarity
In times of crisis, we witness exceptional expressions of solidarity. Why does solidarity spring in times of crisis when it wanes in normal times? An inquiry into what may explain the differences between the expression of solidarity in crisis vs. normalcy provides, as I will argue in this article, important insights into the conditions and nature of solidarity. Solidarity requires, I will contend, an egalitarian ethos and state action within and beyond the state. It is neither a momentary political ideal, nor an exclusionary one, which depends for its sustainment on formal, legal, structures. Transient, sectarian, and informal conceptions of solidarity unduly curtail the demands of solidarity by restricting its reach to times of crisis, to in-group recipients, and to the social rather than the legal sphere. The article concludes by discussing some aspects of the dynamics of solidarity and its inherent risks that the analysis of the exceptionality of solidarity helps bring into focus.
Populism, the Kingdom of Shadows, and the Challenge to Liberal Democracy
Authors: La Torre Massimo 
Published: January 2022

Populism, the Kingdom of Shadows, and the Challenge to Liberal Democracy
Populism is a somehow intractable notion, since its reference is much too wide, comprising phenomena that are indeed in conflict between them, and moreover blurred, by being often used in an instrumental, polemical way. Such intractability is then radicalized through the two alternative approaches to populism, one that is more or less neutral, rooting in the political science tradition, and a second one, fully normative, though fed by political realism, founding as it does on a specific political theory and project. In the article an alternative view is proposed, that of populism as the politics that is congruent with the increasing role played by ‘screens’, icons, and images in social relationships and indeed in political representation. In this way populism is approached as the specific way politics is done within the context of a digitalized société du spectacle.
Legal Philosophy as an Enrichment of Doctrinal Research – Part II: The Purposes of Including Legal Philosophy
Authors: Taekema Sanne , van der Burg Wibren 
Published: January 2022

Legal Philosophy as an Enrichment of Doctrinal Research – Part II: The Purposes of Including Legal Philosophy
Many doctrinal legal research questions require making use of other academic disciplines or perspectives. This article explains the relevance of legal philosophy for doctrinal research projects. Often legal research questions have conceptual or evaluative dimensions that presuppose philosophical understanding. For research on the concept of democracy, the function of constitutional rights, or the possible introduction of a referendum in the Netherlands, questions of a philosophical nature need to be answered. Legal philosophy can supplement and enrich doctrinal research in various ways. In this article, we present seven purposes that legal philosophy may serve in the context of a doctrinal research project: conceptual clarification, exposition and reconstruction of fundamental normative principles and values, theory building, providing creative perspectives, structural critiques, evaluation, and recommendations. For each objective, we illustrate how to use relevant philosophical methods. Thus, this article complements our earlier publication ‘Legal Philosophy as an Enrichment of Doctrinal Research – Part I: Introducing Three Philosophical Methods’. http://www.lawandmethod.nl/tijdschrift/lawandmethod/2020/01/lawandmethod-D-19-00006.
La responsabilidad del jefe de protocolo en la utilización, mantenimiento y custodia de la bandera nacional
Authors: GOMEZ REQUEJO MARIA , DE LA SERNA RAMOS MARÍA 
Published: January 2022

El mantenimiento, custodia y utilización de la bandera nacional en España son responsabilidades del jefe de protocolo que aparecen recogidas habitualmente en la normativa de las administraciones locales. Estas responsabilidades deben de ser también analizadas a la luz de lo establecido en el código deontológico de la profesión aprobado por la Asamblea General de la Organización Internacional de Ceremonial y Protocolo en 2006.
La relevancia pública de la actividad del responsable de protocolo exige, a quien desempeña esta profesión, el conocimiento y aplicación de la normativa relacionada con los símbolos oficiales. Al prestar sus servicios en una administración pública su actuación no afecta solo a ésta, sino también a todos aquellos que se relacionan con ella, por lo que el adecuado uso y mantenimiento de los símbolos que representan a todos los ciudadanos debería ser una de las actitudes habituales y significativas que menciona el código deontológico de la profesión.
Community Consumption Behavior in West Nusa Tenggara Province during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: . Zulkieflimansyah , Nurjihadi Muhammad , Wahyudi Agus , Rizqi Reza Muhammad , Nur Fietroh Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study aims to identify the consumption behavior of people in West Nusa Tenggara Province during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study Design: This research is quantitative descriptive.
Place and Duration of Study: The location of this research was carried out in West Nusa Tenggara Province which consists of 10 regencies/cities namely West Lombok Regency, Central Lombok Regency, East Lombok Regency, North Lombok Regency, West Sumbawa Regency, Sumba Regency, Dompu Regency, Bima Regency, Mataram City, City of Bima. Duration of Study starts October 2021 - December 2021.
Methodology: With a sample of 100 respondents. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Then to analyze the data using the three box method.
Results: The results showed that the consumption behavior of the people in West Nusa Tenggara Province, which was seen from primary needs, showed that the average need index reached 82% or in the high category, where more people chose to buy masks during the pandemic. Then for secondary needs, the average need index reaches 65% or in the medium category, where people prefer to set aside money for education costs rather than vacationing with family. Final, In meeting the tertiary needs, people prefer to buy land/buildings. In this case, the tertiary needs are in the medium category with the demand index reaching 50%.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that during the pandemic, the people of West Nusa Tenggara had various consumption patterns. both primary consumption which is in the high category, as well as secondary and tertiary consumption which is in the medium category.
Teething Myths and Practices among Nursing Mothers Attending the Paediatric Outpatient Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Woroma Wonodi , Awoala West Boma 
Published: January 2022

Background: Misconceptions about teething are prevalent even in the 21st century, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. These myths, which are handed down from one generation to another may lead to trivialization of severe childhood illnesses as well as practices that negatively impact child morbidity and mortality.
Aim: The present study was carried out to determine teething myths and practices among nursing mothers attending the Paediatric outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.
Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study of one hundred and forty eight nursing mothers of children aged 6-24 months who had erupted at least one tooth, who visited the children’s outpatient clinic of a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Descriptive statistics was used. Chi square tests of significance (Fisher’s exact test) were used with a 95% confidence interval (P< 0.05).
Results: A high percentage of mothers (95.9%) associated teething with various symptoms such as fever, gum itching and diarrhoea; majority of them got information on teething from health workers, personal experience or parents. About 41.9% of the children recruited had perceived teething symptoms. Furthermore, 51.4% of respondents said teething should be treated and health workers formed the bulk of prescribers of teething medicines, the commonest of which were teething syrups, paracetamol and teething powder while the least used was herbs. About half of the respondents believed teething medicines were effective. Most respondents would take their babies to the hospital for perceived teething symptoms like fever, diarrhoea or vomiting but were less likely to visit the hospital if catarrh, drooling of saliva or sucking of the fingers was observed. The level of education, occupation, tribe, age of mother or baby, sex or position of child did not significantly affect the use of teething medication but the presence of perceived teething symptoms especially fever and vomiting did.
Conclusion: Teething myths are common among nursing mothers attending a tertiary paediatric outpatient hospital in Southern Nigeria. The most common myths associated with teething were fever, gum itching and diarrhoea for which medications such as teething syrup, paracetamol and teething powder were prescribed. The association of these symptoms with teething could lead to trivialization of potentially severe childhood illnesses thus interfering with their prompt diagnosis and management. Continuous health education of nursing mothers and the community at large may be one of the ways of enlightenment on the innocuous and normal expectation of teething so as to avoid ascribing childhood ailments to teething.
Effects of Chlorides of Lead and Some Transition Metals on the Kinetics of Crude Peroxidase from Watermelon Seeds
Authors: Iniaghe O. M. , Adeyemi O. S. 
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study investigates the effect of chlorides of lead and some transition metals on the kinetics of crude peroxidase from watermelon seeds
Study design: In vitro enzyme assay.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria between April 2021 and June 2021
Methodology: The kinetics of crude peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of 3,5,3′,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of varying concentrations of different chloride salts and hydrogen peroxidase was determined spectrophotometrically at 655nm. The assay mixture contained 2.3 mL of sodium phosphate buffer of pH 7.0, 0.1 mL of the crude enzyme from the seeds of watermelon, 0.2 mL of varying concentration of the respective chloride salts, 0.2 mL of 0.02 mM TMB, and 0.2 mL of 2 mM hydrogen peroxidase added last to start the reaction.
Results: Results showed that except for nickel chloride, chloride salts of Pb2+, Hg2+, and Fe2+ had peroxidase activating effects. Mercury chloride and lead chloride proportionately increased the enzyme activity within a salt concentration range of 1.5 and 3 mM. In comparison, ferric chloride had an optimum concentration of 2.5 mM for peroxidase activation; mercury chloride had the highest peroxidase activation effect compared with chlorides of Pb, Ni, and Fe.
Conclusion: These findings are of great importance to industries in understanding the mechanism of action of peroxidase from the seeds of watermelon, especially as the search for cheap and alternative sources of peroxidases continues.
Case Report on Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Chavhan Sweta , Maurya Archana , Kothe Amruta 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), frequently referred as Dawson disease, is a kind of sclerosing panencephalitis, and is an uncommon long-term, continuous cerebral inflammatory condition triggered by a gradual infection with particular faulty types of hyper mutated measles virus.
Main Symptoms and/or Important Clinical Findings: Patient came with the complaint of gait abnormalities, sudden fall while walking, loss of speech, staring look, abnormal smile and loss of bladder control, hemiplegia and contracture of all four limbs, seizures, Grade III Malnutrition.
The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: Patient undergone investigation i.e. Blood Test: Hb- 9.8 gm%, TLC- 14,700/mm, Platelet- 2.24 lacs /cu.mm, Total Protein- 8.4 g/dl, HCT- 29.8, Serum Bilirubin- 1.0mg/dl, ALP- 99IU/L, Serum Urea-32mg/dl,SerumCreatinine-0.5mg/dl,SerumSodium-153meq/L,SerumPotassium-.2mmol/L. .CSF igg Measles test was done EEG which revealed burst of periodic complexes with well-preserved back ground activity. Doctor manages with Tab. Valparin 200mg BD, Tab. Frisium 5mg BD, Tab. Baclofen10mgBD,Tab. Samion D3 OD, Syp Q-Carni 5ml BD, Tab. Augment375mg BD.
Outcome: After treatment, the child showed some improvement. The patient was admitted to Pediatric Ward No- 22, AVBRH with known case of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and he had complaint of swelling over right jaw with caries tooth since4month.
Case Report on Benign Spindle Cell Tumour
Authors: Mandaokar Manisha P. , Sharma Ranjana 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: It's an extremely uncommon cancer. First, the epidermis, soft tissues, and connective tissues are impacted. Breast benign spindle cell lesions include a wide range of tumor-like or malignant fibroblastic and myofibroblastic entities. They should be made up entirely of Spindle cells (pure spindle cell lesions) are defined as lesions with no mixed epithelial component.
Clinical Finding :
Most Common Symptoms Of Spindle Cell Sarcoma.

• Bone ache. The most frequent sign of spindle cell sarcoma is bone discomfort. The most often afflicted bones by spindle cell sarcoma are those of the...
Swelling And Tenderness.
Reduced Mobility.
Fatigue And Malaise.
Lump Or Mass.

Diagnostic Evaluation: HB-6.7, TLC:-16, 200, PLT:-15, 000, MCV:-67.0, SR. BILIRUBIN:-0.7
Therapeutic Intervention – Tab. Allopuraznol 300mg BD, Inj. Emset:- 1.8mg TDS. Inj. Pantop 12mg BD, Inj. Ceftraxon 20ml NS 1 mg BD.
Outcome- Spindle cell tumours are uncommon cancers that develop in the peripheral and deep tissues of the body. According to a CT scan, a massive tumour encompassed the whole abdomen and pelvis. According to a CT scan, a massive tumour encompassed the whole abdomen and pelvis.
Conclusion: The patient is admitted to Acharya vinoba bhave rural hospital sawangi (meghe) wardha, under the USG department, where he will get ongoing medical and nursing care, and his health is currently stable and under monitoring.
Case Report on Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
Authors: Nagdeote Suhani , Lokhande Shalini 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is psychiatric problem in which a person is psychologically and physically dependent upon alcohol consumption. “A chronic disease in which a person craves that contains alcohol and is unable to control his or her drinking”.
Clinical Finding: Without drink patient feel discomfort, anxious, loss of appetite, sleeping disturbance.
Diagnostic Evaluation: Blood test: Amylase – 31U/L, RBS (glucose-plasma-random) – 92mg%, CBC Investigation (Hb -13%, MCV – 84.3fl, MCH – 29.7picogm, total RBC count – 4.55millions/cu.mm, total WBC count – 6200cu.mm, monocytes – 04%, granulocytes – 70%, lymphocytes – 25%, eosinophil – 01%, total platelets count – 3.38lac/cu.mm).
Therapeutic Intervention: Inj. Lorazepam 4mg × TDS, Inj. Thiamine 200 mg × TDS , Inj. Neurbion fort × OD, Inj. Pantop 40mg × OD, Inj. Emset, Inj. Avil, Tab. Paracetamol 500 mg × S0S.
Outcome: After treatment, patient shows improvement. His increase appetite, decrease the feeling of discomfort.
Conclusion: My patient was admitted to psychiatric male ward in AVBRH with a known case of alcohol dependence syndrome and he had complain related to disease condition and after taking appropriate treatment his condition was improved.
Disintegration, Hardness and Dissolution Profiles of Paracetamol Tablets Formulated using Sucrose and Formaldehyde Cross-Linked Starches
Authors: Okeke Ifeanyi Justin , Oli Angus Nnamdi , Yahaya Zwanden Sule , Gugu Thaddeus Harrison , Ibezim Emmanuel Chinedum 
Published: January 2022

Background: Native starches have some limitations such as the inability to withstand some processing conditions, poor flow, packing and compressibility. Cross-linking of starch is one of the methods used to overcome these drawbacks to obtain derivatives with better and desirable properties. This study is aimed at assessing the utilisabilty of sucrose and formaldehyde cross-linked starches obtained from Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Oriza sativa as an excipient for paracetamol tablet formulation. The formulated tablets were evaluated for hardness, disintegration and drug release rate.
Results: The formulated tablets had hardness in the range of 4.35 – 6.37 Kgf. Tablets produced from the native starches had significantly (P < 0.05) lower disintegration time compared to their respective cross-linked starches. The disintegration time of the tablets from the cross-linked starches was in the following order, modified rice starch tablets > modified maize starch tablets > modified wheat starch tablets. The optimal batches containing the modified starches released over 90% of the drug within 40 min.
Conclusion: Sucrose and formaldehyde cross-linked starches obtained from Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Oriza sativa could serve as possible excipients for paracetamol tablets formulation.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Causing Dry Eye Syndrome in Computer Users
Authors: Shukla Rashmi , Thool Archana 
Published: January 2022

Background: Meibomian glands are follicular glands that release lipid that shapes the tear film's superficial layer. A persistent, extensive terminal duct blockage and descriptive alterations in the secretory output indicate meibomian gland dysfunction. Digital eye strain is characterized by changes in ocular surface integrity, tear film function, blinking patterns, accommodation disorders, differences in fixation, dryness, weariness and discomfort while using digital gadgets. The COVID 19 pandemic have resulted in almost everything to be on digital platform.
Objective: To conclude after reviewing various studies (between Jan 2016- Dec 2020) which were focused on how digital eye strain adversely affects the function of meibomian glands and adds to symptoms of dry eye in computer users.
Study Design: Narrative review article
Methodology: Various articles were reviewed which got published in between 2014-2020 in indexed journals. Meibomian gland dysfunction significantly affects the factors such as blink rate, tear break-up time (TBUT), tear evaporation rate, tear film composition as well as corneal staining, we will find its significant effect and relation to digital eye strain.
Expected Results: Based on previous articles.
Results: Digital eye strain significantly affects the function of meibomian gland, thus results in altered and poor tear film that finally results in dryness of eyes.
Conclusion: Eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction, develop changes such as, reduced blink rate, shorter tear breakup time; altered tear film composition and disturbed ocular surface which adds on to symptoms of dry eye especially in chronic computer users.
Relationship between Desirable Fetus Gender and Type of Consumed Diet: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yaslam Afaf Abdulrahman , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Ayyashi Rubuah Mohammed , Agala Rawan Abdulkarim , Hafiz Halah Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Hanan Misfer , Abduljabar Najwan Hassan , Alhazmi Lujain Khaled , Sahibzada Mohammed Saaduddin , Abusarir Alaa Omar , Alhrany Atheer Nasser , Sabbahi Raibal Adnan , Alshehri Wejdan Ali , Almahyawi Ghada Meshall , Naaman Nour Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Background: The fetus's development can be influenced by the mother's nutrition in a variety of ways, including the gender of the fetus. However, several research have been published that suggest a link between maternal nutrition and the baby's gender. In other words, the baby's gender can be determined by the mother's nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spot light on the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender. Since the aim of the study was to determine the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender among Saudi, this is the suitable design for this research. The study was carried out among Saudi population. Data were collected from general population using questionnaire during the period from April to October 2021.
Results: The study included the participation of 755 women from different age groups in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The most prevalent age group was 36-40 years (n= 193, 25.6%) followed by the age group more than 40 years (n= 189, 25%) while the least frequent age group was below 22 years (n= 83, 11%). The number of participants who reported having one children were 116 participants. On asking the participants who had male babies whether they craved for special food or not, their answers varied. Salty food, pickles and potato chips were preferred among 298 participants while sweets and chocolate were the favorite food among 155 participants. The special diet is statistically significant with the baby gender at p value of 0.001.
Conclusion: The current study showed that diet preference among mothers affects the gender of the baby as the results showed. Some mothers intentionally reported following special diet in order to have specific gender.