bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Back Pain in People With Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Sadowski Piotr K. , Battista Simone , Leuzzi Gaia , Sansone Lucia G. , Testa Marco 
Published: August 2022

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire.

Objective.
The aim was to investigate the prevalence and intensity of low back pain (LBP) in people with lower limb amputation (LLA) and to analyze the association factors that can influence the genesis of LBP.

Summary of Background Data.
It is still unclear whether LBP is more prevalent in the amputated population than in its nonamputated counterpart. Given the multifactorial nature of LBP, it is necessary to explore possible factors that can influence its presence and intensity, to build a solid background to define a better rehabilitation pathway for the management of these people.

Methods.
The online questionnaire included six sections: informed consent of the study, demographic information, comorbid conditions, history of LLA, history of LBP, and acceptance of the amputation.

Results.
Between March and June 2021, 239 participants [mean age (SD): 49.2 (11.5); female 11%] completed the survey (response rate: 32%). From the results of this study, LBP in LLA showed a prevalence of 82% postamputation and 70% in the last year. A logistic regression with a backward method showed that participants who had problems in the not affected leg presented 1.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.70; 2.45) times higher odds to have LBP after the amputation.

Conclusion.
This study shows that the prevalence of LBP in lower limb amputees appears to be higher than in the general population, with similar levels of pain intensity and frequency. The highest percentage of people with a sedentary lifestyle not practicing any kind of sports emphasizes the importance of educating this population on the importance of physical activity. New strategies to invest in the education of this population in terms of physical activity are needed.

Level of Evidence:
Level 4.
The persistent-predation strategy of the red lionfish (
Pterois
volitans
)
Authors: Peterson Ashley N. , McHenry Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

The pursuit of prey is vital to the biology of a predator and many aspects of predatory behaviour are well-studied. However, it is unclear how a pursuit can be effective when the prey is faster than a non-cryptic predator. Using kinematic measurements, we considered the strategy of red lionfish (
Pterois volitans
) as they pursued a faster prey fish (
Chromis viridis
) under laboratory conditions. Despite swimming about half as fast as
C. viridis
, lionfish succeeded in capturing prey in 61% of our experiments. This successful pursuit behaviour was defined by three critical characteristics. First, lionfish targeted
C. viridis
with pure pursuit by adjusting their heading towards the prey’s position and not the anticipated point of interception. Second, lionfish pursued prey with uninterrupted motion. By contrast,
C. viridis
moved intermittently with variation in speed that included slow swimming. Such periods allowed lionfish to close the distance to a prey and initiate a suction-feeding strike at a relatively close distance (less than 9 cm). Finally, lionfish exhibited a high rate of strike success, capturing prey in 74% of all strikes. These characteristics comprise a behaviour that we call the ‘persistent-predation strategy’, which may be exhibited by a diversity of predators with relatively slow locomotion.
Modern human expansion from (southern?) Africa: Origin, non-African ancestry, and linearity
Authors: Cenac Zarus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious research favours the idea that modern humans spread worldwide from Africa. For instance, through autosomal diversity, a geographical area of origin for this worldwide expansion is indicated to entirely be within Africa. It remained to be seen if this indication happens for certain variables such as Y-chromosomal diversity. There is disagreement regarding where in Africa the origin is. Perhaps a region of Africa may seem to be the origin because of non-African ancestry rather than the expansion. The present research considered whether some genetic and cranial variables indicate the expansion, and, furthermore, where in Africa the expansion started. Variables included, for example, autosomal diversity (in sub-Saharan Africa) which was adjusted for non-African ancestry, Y-chromosomal diversity, and cranial sexual size dimorphism. For each variable, it was seen if the estimated area of origin was solely in Africa. Moreover, to generally estimate the origin, a centroid was calculated from potential origins which were obtained in the present, and past, research. The area of origin was completely within Africa for each variable except one – for Y-chromosomal diversity, the area was possibly in Asia only. The centroid of the potential origins was in southern Africa, consequently supporting a southern African origin. The autosomal diversity of sub-Saharan African populations, adjusted for non-African ancestry, indicated a southern African origin. The adjusted diversity appeared to start declining from about 2,000-3,000 km away from the origin – this non-linear pattern may be explained by travelling which happened after the expansion, or the expansion entering locations in Africa which were already populated, to differing extents, by modern humans.
High resolution dermal ultrasound (US) combined with superficial radiation therapy (SRT) versus non-image guided SRT or external beam radiotherapy (XRT) in early-stage epithelial cancer: a comparison of studies
Authors: Yu Lio , Moloney Mairead , Zheng Songzhu , Rogers James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the effectiveness of high-resolution dermal ultrasound (US) guided superficial radiotherapy (SRT) to non-image-guided radiotherapy in the treatment of early-stage epithelial cancer.MethodsA high-resolution dermal ultrasound (US) image guided form of superficial radiation therapy (designated here as US-SRT) was developed in 2013 where the tumor configuration and depth can be visualized prior to, during, and subsequent to treatments, using a 22 megahertz (MHz) dermal ultrasound (US) with a doppler component. We previously published the results using this technology to treat 2917 early-stage epithelial cancers showing a high local control (LC) rate of 99.3%. We compared these results with similar American studies from a comprehensive literature search used in an article/guideline published by American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) on curative radiation treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and squamous cell carcinoma in-situ (SCCIS) lesions from 1988 to 2018. Only U.S. based studies with greater than 100 cases with similar patient/lesion characteristics and stages treated by external beam, electron, or superficial/orthovoltage radiation therapy were included in the criteria for selection. The resultant 4 studies had appropriate comparable cases identified and the data analyzed/calculated with regard to local control. Logistic regression analysis was performed comparing each study to US-SRT individually and collectively with stratification by histology (BCC, SCC, and SCCIS).ResultsUS-SRT LC was found to be statistically superior to each of the 4 non-image-guided radiation therapy studies individually and collectively (as well as stratified by histology subtype) with p-values ranging from p< 0.0001 to p= 0.0438.ConclusionsResults of US-SRT in local control were statistically significantly superior across the board versus non-image-guided radiation modalities in treatment of epithelial NMSC and should be considered a new gold standard for treatment of early-stage cutaneous BCC, SCC, and SCCIS.
“There’s a big tag on my head”: exploring barriers to treatment seeking with women who use methamphetamine in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Clifford Brendan , Van Gordon Kate , Magee Fiona , Malone Victoria , Siefried Krista , Graham Duncan , Ezard Nadine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAustralia has a high prevalence of regular use of methamphetamine (MA). While half of people who use MA regularly are women, they make up only one third of people seeking treatment for MA use disorder (MaUD). There is a lack of qualitative research into the facilitators and barriers to treatment for women who use MA regularly. The study seeks a better understanding of the experiences and treatment preferences of women who use MA, to inform person-centred changes in practice and policy that break down barriers to treatment.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 women who frequently use MA (at least once a week), and who are not engaged in treatment. Women were recruited from health services surrounding a stimulant treatment centre at an inner-city hospital. Participants were asked about their MA use and health service needs and preferences. Thematic analysis was completed using Nvivo® software.ResultsThree themes were developed from participants’ responses around experiences of regular MA use and treatment needs: 1. Resistance of stigmatised identity including dependence; 2. Interpersonal violence; 3. Institutionalised stigma. Clear service delivery preferences were also elicited, including continuity of care, integrated health care, and provision of non-judgmental services.ConclusionGender-inclusive health care services for people who use MA should actively work to address stigma, support a relational approach to assessment and treatment, and seek to provide structurally competent health care that is trauma and violence informed, and integrated with other services. Findings may also have application for substance use disorders other MA.
From signal to knowledge: The diagnostic value of rawdata in artificial intelligence prediction of human data for the first time
Authors: He Bingxi , Guo Yu , Zhu Yongbei , Tong Lixia , Kong Boyu , Wang Kun , Sun Caixia , Li Hailin , Huang Feng , Wu Liwei , Wang Meng , Meng Fanyang , Dou Le , Sun Kai , Tong Tong , Liu Zhenyu , Wei Ziqi , Mu Wei , Wang Shuo , Tang Zhenchao , Zhang Shuaitong , Wei Jingwei , Shao Lizhi , Fang Mengjie , Li Juntao , Zhu Shouping , Zhou Lili , Wang Shuo , Dong Di , Zhang Huimao , Tian Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, image-based diagnostic technology has made encouraging and astonishing development. Modern medical care and imaging technology are increasingly inseparable. However, the current diagnosis pattern of Signal-to-Image-to-Knowledge inevitably leads to information distortion and noise introduction in the procedure of image reconstruction (Signal-to-Image). Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that can mine knowledge from vast amounts of data offer opportunities to disrupt established workflows. In this prospective study, for the first time, we developed an AI-based Signal-to-Knowledge diagnostic scheme for lung nodule classification directly from the CT rawdata (the signal). We found that the rawdata achieved almost comparable performance with CT indicating that we can diagnose diseases without reconstructing images. Meanwhile, the introduction of rawdata could greatly promote the performance of CT, demonstrating that rawdata contains some diagnostic information that CT does not have. Our results break new ground and demonstrate the potential for direct Signal-to-Knowledge domain analysis.
CIARA: a cluster-independent algorithm for the identification of markers of rare cell types from single-cell RNA seq data
Authors: Lubatti Gabriele , Stock Marco , Iturbide Ane , Ruiz Tejada Segura Mayra L. , Tyser Richard , Theis Fabian J. , Srinivas Shankar , Torres-Padilla Maria-Elena , Scialdone Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA powerful feature of single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis is the possibility to identify novel rare cell types. However, rare cell types are often missed by standard clustering approaches. We have developed CIARA (Cluster Independent Algorithm for the identification of markers of RAre cell types), a computational tool available in R and Python that outperforms existing methods for rare cell type detection. With CIARA, we found a small group of precursor cells among mouse embryonic stem cells and previously uncharacterized rare populations of cells in a human gastrula.
Specific targeting of inflammatory osteoclastogenesis by the probiotic yeast S. boulardii CNCM I-745 reduces bone loss in osteoporosis
Authors: Madel Maria-Bernadette , Halper Julia , Ibáñez Lidia , Lozano Claire , Rouleau Matthieu , Boutin Antoine , Pontier-Bres Rodolphe , Ciucci Thomas , Topi Majlinda , Hue Christophe , Amiaud Jérôme , Iborra Salvador , Sancho David , Heymann Dominique , Garchon Henri-Jean , Czerucka Dorota , Apparailly Florence , Duroux-Richard Isabelle , Wakkach Abdelilah , Blin-Wakkach Claudine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBone destruction is a hallmark of chronic inflammation, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts arising under such a condition differ from steady-state ones. However, osteoclast diversity remains poorly explored. Here, we combined transcriptomic profiling, differentiation assays and in vivo analysis in mouse to decipher specific traits for inflammatory and steady state osteoclasts. We identified and validated the pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) TLR2, Dectin-1 and Mincle, all involved in yeast recognition as major regulators of inflammatory osteoclasts. We showed that administration of the yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardi CNCM I-745 (Sb) in vivo reduced bone loss in OVX but not sham mice by reducing inflammatory osteoclasts. This beneficial impact of Sb is mediated by the regulation of the inflammatory environment required for the generation of inflammatory osteoclasts. We also showed that Sb derivatives as well as agonists of TLR2, Dectin-1 and Mincle specifically inhibited directly the differentiation of inflammatory but not steady state osteoclasts in vitro. These findings demonstrate a preferential use of the PRR-associated costimulatory differentiation pathway by inflammatory osteoclasts, thus enabling their specific inhibition, which opens new therapeutic perspectives for inflammatory bone loss.
Mechanisms by Which Small Molecule Inhibitors Arrest Sec14 Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Activity
Authors: Chen Xiao-Ru , Poudel Lokendra , Hong Zebin , Johnen Philipp , Katti Sachin S. , Tripathi Ashutosh , Nile Aaron H. , Green Savana M. , Schaaf Gabriel , Bono Fulvia , Bankaitis Vytas A. , Igumenova Tatyana I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) promote phosphoinositide signaling by enhancing phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-OH kinase activities in producing signaling pools of PtdIns-4-phosphate. As such, PITPs are key regulators of lipid signaling in eukaryotic cells. While the PITP phospholipid exchange cycle is the engine that stimulates PtdIns 4-OH kinase activity, the protein and lipid dynamics associated with this critical process are not understood. Herein, we use an integrative structural approach that takes advantage of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) directed against the major yeast PITP (Sec14) to gain new insights into the mechanics of the Sec14 phospholipid exchange cycle from the perspective of protein, phospholipid and SMI dynamics. Moreover, as Sec14 has emerged as an attractive target for next-generation antifungal drugs, the structures of Sec14 bound to SMIs of four different chemotypes reported in this study provide critical information required for structure-based design of next-generation lead compounds that target Sec14 PITPs of virulent fungi.
Significance Analysis for Clustering with Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Data
Authors: Grabski Isabella N. , Street Kelly , Irizarry Rafael A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnsupervised clustering of single-cell RNA-sequencing data enables the identification and discovery of distinct cell populations. However, the most widely used clustering algorithms are heuristic and do not formally account for statistical uncertainty. Many popular pipelines use clustering stability methods to assess the algorithms’ output and decide on the number of clusters. However, we find that by not addressing known sources of variability in a statistically rigorous manner, these analyses lead to overconfidence in the discovery of novel cell-types. We extend a previous method for Gaussian data, Significance of Hierarchical Clustering (SHC), to propose a model-based hypothesis testing approach that incorporates significance analysis into the clustering algorithm and permits statistical evaluation of clusters as distinct cell populations. We also adapt this approach to permit statistical assessment on the clusters reported by any algorithm. We benchmarked our approach on real-world datasets against popular clustering workflows, demonstrating improved performance. To show its practical utility, we applied it to the Human Lung Cell Atlas and an atlas of the mouse cerebellar cortex. We identified several cases of over-clustering, leading to false discoveries, as well as under-clustering, resulting in the failure to identify new subpopulations that our method was able to detect.
Pregnenolone reorganizes cytoskeleton to promote neuron development via CLIP1
Authors: Viktoryia Kolas , Wu Yi-Ting , Bandonil Jose Sandino A. , Chung Bon-Chu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPregnenolone (P5) is a neurosteroid produced in the brain. It improves cognitive function and protects against cannabis intoxication as well as spinal cord injury. P5 activates CLIP1, which helps microtubule polymerization at its growing end; however, the significance of P5 activation of CLIP1 in the brain is still unknown. Here we examined the roles of P5 in cultured neurons and in zebrafish cerebellum. We show that P5 promotes neurite outgrowth and facilitates axon development of cultured cerebellar granule neurons. P5 also changes the morphology of axon growth cone and promotes dynamic microtubule invasion into the distal part of filopodia at the growth cone. We have used CRISPR to disrupt clip1a in zebrafish, disrupting the ability of P5 to change microtubule dynamics and growth cone morphology, as well as to reorganize cytoskeleton. In vivo, P5 accelerated cerebellum development in WT but not clip1a mutant zebrafish, and expression of exogenous CLIP1 in clip1a mutant promoted cerebellum development in response to P5. Thus, we have delineated the pathway by which P5 promotes cerebellum development by activating CLIP1 to promote microtubule dynamics leading to increased microtubule penetration into the growth cone and accelerated neurite outgrowth. This study reveals the mechanism by which P5 and CLIP1 function to promote neural development.Significance Statement1.We have elucidated the mechanism of pregnenolone (P5) actionP5 enhances brain functions, but its mode of action was unclear. Here we show that P5 activates CLIP1 to promote microtubule dynamics at the growth cone and to accelerate neural development.2.We have generated a zebrafish model of CLIP1 deficiencyCLIP1 deficiency causes intellectual disability and defective neural development. Our zebrafish model can be used to study mechanisms related to this disease and other microtubule defects.3.We point to therapeutic intervention of neurological diseases using P5P5 is beneficial to the brain. We elucidate the mechanism of P5 action, thus accelerate the development of therapeutics using P5 and its derivatives.
Comparative genomic analyses of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from bovine mastitis in China
Authors: Lin Yushan , Han Jinge , Barkema Herman W. , Wang Yue , Gao Jian , Kastelic John P. , Han Bo , Qin Shunyi , Deng Zhaoju 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTLactococcus garvieae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, but there are few reports regarding bovine mastitis. The recent prevalence of L. garvieae poses an increasing disease threat and global public health risk. A total of 39 L. garvieae isolates were obtained from 2899 bovine clinical mastitis milk samples in 6 provinces of China from 2017 to 2021. Five clonal complexes were determined from 32 MLST types of L. garvieae; ST46 was the predominant sequence type and 13 novel MLST types were identified. All isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and clindamycin, but susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and marbofloxacin. Based on genomic analyses, L. garvieae had 6310 genes, including 1015, 3641 and 1654 core, accessory and unique genes. All isolates had virulence genes coding for collagenase, fibronectin-binding protein, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and NADH oxidase. Most isolates had lsaD and mdtA AMR genes. Based on COG results, the functions of defense, transcription and replication, recombination and repair were enhanced in unique genes, whereas functions of translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis were enhanced in core genes. The KEGG functional categories enriched in unique genes included human disease and membrane transport, whereas COG functional categories enriched in core genes included energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and translation. No gene was significantly associated with host specificity. In addition, core genome SNPs analysis suggested potential host adaptation of some isolates in several sequence types. Therefore, this study characterized L. garvieae isolated from mastitis and assessed host adaptation of L. garvieae to various hosts.IMPORTANCEThis study provides important insights on bovine mastitis key topic pathogen Lactococcus garvieae, which constitutes mastitis concerns. However, comprehensive genomic analyses of L. garvieae from dairy farms have not been performed. This study gives a detailed and comprehensive novel feature in L. garvieae, an important but poorly characterized bacterium, recovered in the past 5 years in 6 Chinese provinces. We documented diverse contributory genetic processes, including predominant sequence type ST46 and 13 novel MLST types. L. garvieae had 6310 genes, including 1015, 3641 and 1654 core, accessory and unique genes. All isolates had virulence genes coding for collagenase, fibronectin-binding protein, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and NADH oxidase, and resistant to chloramphenicol and clindamycin. Most isolates had lsaD and mdtA antimicrobial resistance genes. No gene was significantly associated with host specificity. This is the first absolute quantification of L. garvieae isolated from mastitis and identified host adaptation of L. garvieae to various hosts.