bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm‐oviduct interactions: Key factors for sperm survival and maintenance of sperm fertilizing capacity
Authors: Kölle Sabine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough millions or even billions of sperm are deposited in the female genital tract, only very few sperm reach the oocyte, and only one single spermatozoon will successfully fertilize. During the journey of the sperm within the female genital tract, the interactions between spermatozoa and fallopian tube are critical for sperm selection, sperm survival, and maintenance of sperm fertilizing capacity.ResultsThis review will provide a comprehensive overview of the latest findings regarding sperm transport and behavior of sperm within the oviduct, sperm selection in the oviduct, the formation of the sperm reservoir, and the release of sperm in the presence of the oocyte. It will primarily focus on recent novel insights on sperm‐oviduct interactions, which have been obtained by cutting‐edge technologies under in vivo or near in vivo conditions.ConclusionsThe comprehensive analysis of the findings to date will elucidate the complex molecular changes in the tubal epithelium, which are induced by the presence of the sperm and will highlight how the epithelial cells of this organ affect transport, behavior, and function of sperm. This knowledge is essential for scientists and clinicians involved in assisted reproductive technologies.
A survey among healthcare professionals from seven countries reported diverse nutritional practices of late preterm infants
Authors: Cheang Hon Kit , Yeung Chun‐Yan , Cheah Irene , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa , Lubis Bugis Mardiana , Garza‐Bulnes Raul , Delgado‐Franco Dagoberto , Ayede Adejumoke Idowu , Ezeaka Chinyere V. , Al Mohammad Abullah Mamun , Owolabi Adedotun , Schaafsma Anne , Kudla Urszula , Muhardi Leilani , Low Jia Ming , Lee Le Ye 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo gain insight into nutritional practices and expected growth outcomes of infants born between 34 and 36 gestational weeks defined as late preterm infants (LPT).MethodsAn anonymous online survey among paediatricians and neonatologists from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan was conducted from March until October 2020. The questionnaire consisted of 40 questions on the nutritional management and expected growth outcomes of LPT in and after‐hospital care.ResultsHealthcare professionals from low to high Human Development (HDI) countries (n = 322) and very high HDI countries (n = 169) participated in the survey. Human milk was the preferred feeding, resulting in an adequate growth of LPT (weight, length and occipitofrontal circumference), according to a majority of respondents (low to high HDI, 179/265, 68% vs. very high HDI, 73/143, 51%; p = 0.002). The expected growth outcome was higher after‐hospital discharge. Less than half of healthcare professionals started enteral feeding during the 1st hour of life. Lactation difficulties, limited access to human milk fortifiers and donor human milk, especially among low to high HDI countries, were reported as major hurdles.ConclusionHuman milk is the first feeding choice for LPT. The diverse opinions on nutritional practices and expected growth outcomes among healthcare professionals indicate the necessity to develop general nutritional guidelines for LPT.
Topical steroid withdrawal through the lens of social media
Authors: Bowe Stephanie , Masterson Sophie , Murray Gregg , Haugh Isabel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe term ‘topical steroid withdrawal’ (TSW) describes an adverse effect that generally occurs with inappropriate prolonged use of high-potency topical corticosteroids (TCS). The presence of user-generated content relating to TSW on social media (SoMe) has not been well-defined to date. We aimed to explore content relating to topical steroid withdrawal on SoMe. Using a data analytics platform, we retrospectively analysed the hashtag #topicalsteroidwithdrawal on SoMe over a 5-year period from 8 February 2016 until 8 February 2021. We assessed interactions, performance, shares, likes, mentions, language and country of origin using descriptive statistics. Across all SoMe platforms, there was a 274% increase in mentions of the hashtag #topicalsteroidwithdrawal in the year 2020 (n = 7992) compared with the year 2016 (n = 2138). The top associated hashtags included #TSW, #eczema and #topicalsteroidaddiction. On Instagram, we found a 288% increase in number of mentions and a 592% increase in performance of #topicalsteroidwithdrawal in 2020 (n = 618 354) compared with 2016 (n = 89 390). Our results confirm an increase in the presence of user-generated content relating to TSW on SoMe and also highlight its extent. Large numbers of patients are exposed to this content, which could influence their engagement with TCS.
Emollient prescribing formularies and guidelines in England, 2021: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amakye Nana Yaa T. , Chan Jonathan , Ridd Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmollients are a mainstay of treatment for dry skin conditions. In the UK, prescribers are usually expected to follow local National Health Service (NHS) formularies. A previous study in 2018 showed that the recommended emollients across England and Wales varied widely. Evidence has since emerged that bath additives provide no additional clinical benefit in eczema.AimTo compare emollient formularies and guidelines in England.MethodsClinical Commissioning Group (CCG) formularies and guidelines were identified in April–May 2021, compiled and then analysed descriptively.ResultsIn total, 105 CCGs, 72 emollient formularies and 47 emollient prescribing guidelines were identified. There were internal inconsistencies between formularies and their accompanying guidelines in 19% of cases. The majority (68%) of formularies/guidelines were organized using a ranking system. In total, 126 different leave-on emollients were named. Creams and ointments were universally available and were the most recommended first-line types. Cost was more likely than patient choice to be recommended as a criterion for selecting which emollient to prescribe. Aqueous cream was the leave-on emollient most commonly not recommended. Nearly three-quarters (74%) of formularies stated that bath additives should not be prescribed.ConclusionAll CCGs in England have an emollient formulary/guideline, but there is still great variability between them in their recommendations. Although the number of formularies/guidelines has reduced since 2017, there has been an increase in the total number of unique recommended leave-on emollients. Most CCGs are no longer recommending bath emollients for eczema.
Immunophenotypic profile of macrophages in generalized pustular psoriasis and deficiency of the interleukin-36 receptor antagonist
Authors: Magalhães Renata Ferreira , Assis Gabriela Della Ripa Rodrigues , Espindola Ana Cecília Versiani Duarte , Witzler Maria Luiza Camprigher , Anton Andreea , Kubba Faris , Cintra Maria Letícia , Teixeira Fernanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractM2 macrophages are copious in generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). M2 macrophages seem to acquire new skills and share common characteristics in GPP. HAM56 may play a role in attracting immature neutrophils to the inflammatory environment in GPP.
Perceptual learning modules in undergraduate dermatology teaching
Authors: Salava Alexander , Salmela Viljami 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermatological diagnosis depends highly on visual skills, and implicit nonanalytical proficiency plays a key role. To correctly diagnose skin diseases, the clinician needs visual skills, and intuitive recognition plays a key role.AimTo investigate the effectiveness of digital perceptual learning modules (PLMs) in undergraduate teaching, and how these affect medical students' learning about skin diseases.MethodsThis was a study performed in Finland, which enrolled 39 students of an undergraduate dermatology course. Online PLMs designed for dermatology, using different pictures of skin diseases were performed three times: before, during and at the end of the course. The modules provided four outcome measures: diagnostic accuracy (percentage of correct responses), a rating of confidence about the decision, fluency (response/decision time) and a list of features on which the decision was based.ResultsAs the number of PLMs and the course duration increased, there were also improvements in the four measures, with a significant increase in diagnostic accuracy [from 66% to 94%; P &lt; 0.001; partial η2 (η2p) = 0.92], fluency (as measured by a decrease in response time (from 10 to 6 s; P &lt; 0 0.001; η2p = 0.69) and self-perceived confidence (2.5 to 4.3; P &lt; 0 0.001, η2p = 0.86) with subsequent PLMs and course duration. There was a diversification of recognized features, an increase in pattern recognition, and better attention to localization and contextual association. Based on student feedback, the PLMs functioned well online, and enhanced motivation and learning.ConclusionPLMs increased diagnostic accuracy, had a positive effect on learning outcomes and were easily integrated alongside clinical teaching. Considering the current era of digital technologies, we believe that there is potential for wider use of PLMs to improve visual skills and strengthen implicit learning in dermatology.
Development of upper visual field bias for faces in infants
Authors: Tsurumi Shuma , Kanazawa So , Yamaguchi Masami K. , Kawahara Jun‐ichiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe spatial location of the face and body seen in daily life influences human perception and recognition. This contextual effect of spatial locations suggests that daily experience affects how humans visually process the face and body. However, it remains unclear whether this effect is caused by experience, or innate neural pathways. To address this issue, we examined the development of visual field asymmetry for face processing, in which faces in the upper visual field were processed preferentially compared to the lower visual field. We found that a developmental change occurred between 6 and 7 months. Older infants aged 7–8 months showed bias toward faces in the upper visual field, similar to adults, but younger infants of 5–6 months showed no such visual field bias. Furthermore, older infants preferentially memorized faces in the upper visual field, rather than in the lower visual field. These results suggest that visual field asymmetry is acquired through development, and might be caused by the learning of spatial location in daily experience.
Care in Europe after presenting to the emergency department with a seizure; position paper and insights from the European Audit of Seizure Management in Hospitals
Authors: Taylor Claire , Tudur‐Smith Catrin , Dixon Pete , Linehan Christine , Gunko Aleksei , Christensen Jakob , Pearson Mike , Tomson Torbjorn , Marson Anthony ,   the ESBACE consortium and EuroNASH collaborators
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThis position paper makes recommendations following an audit of care provided to people presenting with a seizure to emergency departments (EDs) in Europe.MethodsParticipating countries were asked to include five hospitals agreeing to identify 50 consecutive seizure patients presenting to their ED between 1 August 2016 and 31 August 2017. Anonymous data were collected to a web database. Where quoted, percentages are mean site values and ranges are the 10th–90th centile.ResultsData were collected on 2204 ED visits (47 sites, up to six per country, across 15 countries): 1270 (58%) known epilepsy, 299 (14%) previous blackouts but no epilepsy diagnosis, 634 (29%) with a first seizure. Wide variability was identified for most variables. Of those with known epilepsy, 41.2% (range 26.2%–59.6%) attended the ED in the previous 12 months, but only 64.7% (range 37.2%–79.8%) had seen an epilepsy specialist in the previous 12 months. 67.7% (range 34.0%–100%) were admitted, 53.1% to a neurology ward (range 0.0%–88.9%). Only 37.5% first seizure patients (range 0.0%–71.4%) were given advice about driving.Conclusions and recommendationsIt is recommended that in Europe guidance is agreed on the management and onward referral of those presenting to the ED with a seizure; a referral process is created that can be easily implemented; it is ensured that the seizure services receive referrals and see the patients within a short time period; and a simple system is developed and implemented to allow continuous monitoring of key indices of epilepsy care.
The effect of trait‐based diversity on productivity results mainly from intraspecific trait variability in the macrophyte community
Authors: Ma Fei , Zuo Zhenjun , Yang Lei , Li Dexiang , Wang Huiyuan , Li Fuchao , Fan Shufeng , Liu Chunhua , Yu Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Trait‐based methods are key to understanding the biodiversity–productivity relationship (BPR) of macrophyte communities. Community‐weighted mean traits (i.e., community trait structure) have been proven to have more influence on macrophyte community productivity than species richness. However, the underlying mechanism by which community trait structure variation affects macrophyte community productivity along an environmental gradient is still not well understood.

A mesocosm experiment was used to investigate how community trait structure shapes macrophyte community productivity along the water depth gradient. Three submerged macrophyte species (Myriophyllum spicatum, Vallisneria natans and Potamogeton malaianus) were assembled into all possible combinations (one, two and three species per community) at three different water depths (1, 2.5 and 4 m). We fitted the relationships between community‐weighted mean traits and community productivity, and between species richness and community productivity as a comparison. We compared functional traits under different water depths and species composition at the species and community levels and disentangled the community trait structure into species turnover and intraspecific trait variability effects.

The results showed that community trait structure had various influences on macrophyte community productivity, which was based on traits per se. However, species richness had a non‐significant impact on macrophyte community productivity. Water depth had a significant impact on most traits of the three species at the species level, whereas both water depth and species composition had significant impacts on community trait structure which was mainly affected by intraspecific trait variability along the water depth gradient.

Our findings highlight the importance of considering intraspecific trait variability and species turnover under water depth gradients to understand the relationship between trait‐based biodiversity and productivity.
High spatiotemporal variability of methane concentrations challenges estimates of emissions across vegetated coastal ecosystems
Authors: Roth Florian , Sun Xiaole , Geibel Marc C. , Prytherch John , Brüchert Volker , Bonaglia Stefano , Broman Elias , Nascimento Francisco , Norkko Alf , Humborg Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoastal methane (CH4) emissions dominate the global ocean CH4 budget and can offset the “blue carbon” storage capacity of vegetated coastal ecosystems. However, current estimates lack systematic, high‐resolution, and long‐term data from these intrinsically heterogeneous environments, making coastal budgets sensitive to statistical assumptions and uncertainties. Using continuous CH4 concentrations, δ13C‐CH4 values, and CH4 sea–air fluxes across four seasons in three globally pervasive coastal habitats, we show that the CH4 distribution is spatially patchy over meter‐scales and highly variable in time. Areas with mixed vegetation, macroalgae, and their surrounding sediments exhibited a spatiotemporal variability of surface water CH4 concentrations ranging two orders of magnitude (i.e., 6–460 nM CH4) with habitat‐specific seasonal and diurnal patterns. We observed (1) δ13C‐CH4 signatures that revealed habitat‐specific CH4 production and consumption pathways, (2) daily peak concentration events that could change >100% within hours across all habitats, and (3) a high thermal sensitivity of the CH4 distribution signified by apparent activation energies of ~1 eV that drove seasonal changes. Bootstrapping simulations show that scaling the CH4 distribution from few samples involves large errors, and that ~50 concentration samples per day are needed to resolve the scale and drivers of the natural variability and improve the certainty of flux calculations by up to 70%. Finally, we identify northern temperate coastal habitats with mixed vegetation and macroalgae as understudied but seasonally relevant atmospheric CH4 sources (i.e., releasing ≥ 100 μmol CH4 m−2 day−1 in summer). Due to the large spatial and temporal heterogeneity of coastal environments, high‐resolution measurements will improve the reliability of CH4 estimates and confine the habitat‐specific contribution to regional and global CH4 budgets.
Implementation of the Recovery Guide in inpatient mental health services in Sweden—A process evaluation study
Authors: Bejerholm Ulrika , Allaskog Conny , Andersson Jessica , Nordström Linda , Roe David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundInvolving service users in inpatient care and recovery planning has gained interest worldwide. Our purpose was to evaluate the process of implementation of a coproduced Recovery Guide (RG) intervention in 22 inpatient wards in Sweden, in terms of context, implementation process and mechanisms of impact over 12 months.MethodsA mixed method design and a process evaluation framework were used to guide data collection and to deductively analyze perspectives and descriptive statistics of delivery from three stakeholder groups.ResultsResults showed that although initial contextual barriers were present (e.g., lack of resources, and interest, uncertainty in the organization, a dominant illness perspective), it was possible to implement the RG in 14 wards, where 53% of admitted service users received the intervention. Legitimacy of the intervention, engaged managers and staff, capacity of staff and ward organization, coproduction and continuous support from user organization were critical mediators. Mechanisms of impact concerned (1) a new perspective on mental health, well‐being and recovery, (2) capacity building of a recovery approach in inpatient settings and (3) a meaningful outlet for users' thoughts and feelings on recovery, sharing narratives and influencing care and goals.ConclusionsThe RG intervention has the potential to promote a recovery approach in inpatient mental health services (MHSs). Coproduction among stakeholders created trust and a sustainable implementation that made it possible for wards to resume implementation when contextual barriers had been resolved.Patient and Public ContributionThe current study involved stakeholders including a service user organization, the public, first‐line managers and staff (including peer support workers) in inpatient and community MHS and researchers, who greatly contributed to the implementation programme, including codesign of the RG intervention as well as coproduction of the implementation in inpatient MHS. All authors have their own lived experiences of mental health problems as a service user or as a relative.
Representation in participatory health care decision‐making: Reflections on an Application‐Oriented Model
Authors: Holetzek Tim , Holmberg Christine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContextThe involvement of lay people in health care decision‐making processes is now the norm in many countries. However, one important aspect of participation has not received sufficient attention in the past and remains underexplored: representation.ObjectiveThis paper explores the question of how public participation efforts in collective health care decision‐making processes can attempt to aim for legitimate representation so that those individuals or groups not present can be taken into account in the decisions affecting them. This paper argues that to make decisions that effectively address those affected, representation needs to be seen as a relevant part of any participatory setting. To support this argument, the paper outlines the concepts of participation and representation and transfers them to health care contexts.ResultsA conceptual reflection on responsiveness and the characteristics of representative actors in representative‐participatory settings is introduced, which could provide actors planning to conduct participatory health care projects with tools to reflect on the merits and possible flaws of participatory constellations.Patient or Public ContributionThe paper contributes to improving public participation in health care decision‐making.
Novels and newspapers in Piketty's Capital and Ideology
Authors: Tworek Heidi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores the use of textual sources in Thomas Piketty's Capital and Ideology as seriously as others have examined Piketty's use of statistics. Although a commendable attempt to engage with non‐quantitative sources, the book focuses on elite novels, selects works unsystematically, and takes an old‐fashioned approach to media. Ironically, Piketty's use of literature perpetuates the same focus on the upper classes that he wishes to guard against. In this response, I suggest how a book on capital and ideology might examine novels and newspapers rigorously. First, I look at how a broader understanding of literary production as a business and a focus on non‐elite books might inform the use of novels. Second, I consider how to employ big‐data techniques to study newspapers. Overall, I argue, taking novels and newspapers seriously shows the importance of non‐elite sources and of incorporating big‐data techniques often pioneered by literary scholars.
Clinical outcomes of HIV–syphilis coinfection among patients with no neurological symptoms: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Henriques Barbara L. , Cortez André L. , Nunes Nathália N. , Vidal José E. , Avelino‐Silva Vivian I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to describe and compare the occurrence of neurological outcomes and neurosyphilis in people living with HIV with incident syphilis and no neurological symptoms who underwent early screening for asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS) or regular clinical management without a lumbar puncture.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in a single referral centre of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Patients with incident syphilis diagnosed between January 2000 and August 2016 and meeting the adapted criteria for ANS investigation suggested by Marra et al. (CD4+ T‐cell counts ≤350 cells/mm³ and/or venereal disease research laboratory test results ≥1:16) were identified. Those with no neurological symptoms and immediately referred for lumbar puncture were categorized as group 1, and those not referred for cerebrospinal fluid collection were categorized as group 2. We compared the occurrence of neurological symptoms and neurosyphilis diagnoses between the groups using incidence rates and Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsWe included 425 participants with a median follow‐up of 6 years. The incidence rate of neurological symptoms was 36.5/1000 person‐years in group 1 and 40.6/1000 person‐years in group 2 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–1.39; p = 0.62). The incidence rate of neurosyphilis was 15.0 cases/1000 person‐years in group 1 and 6.7 cases/1000 person‐years in group 2 (IRR 2.26; 95% CI 0.93–5.68; p = 0.05).ConclusionsWe found no statistically significant differences between groups in the incidence rates of neurological symptoms and neurosyphilis. Our findings support the current guidelines, which suggest a less invasive approach regarding ANS investigation among people living with HIV with incident syphilis.