bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and assessment of pro-poor financial soft policies for expanding cities
Authors: Wang Chenbo , Cremen Gemme , Gentile Roberto , Galasso Carmine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent major earthquake disasters have highlighted the effectiveness of financial soft policies (e.g., earthquake insurance) in transferring seismic risk away from those directly impacted and complementing `hard' disaster risk mitigation measures. However, the benefits of existing financial soft policies are often not guaranteed. This may be attributed to: (1) their low penetration rate (e.g., in the case of earthquake insurance); (2) the fact that they typically neglect the explicit needs of low-income sectors in modern societies, who are often disproportionately impacted by natural-hazard driven disasters; and/or (3) their failure to consider the time-dependent nature of urban exposure. We contribute towards addressing these shortcomings by proposing a flexible framework for designing and assessing bespoke, people-centred, household-level, compulsory financial soft policies (including conventional earthquake insurance, disaster relief fund schemes, income-based tax relief scheme, or a combination of those) across cities under rapid urban expansion. The proposed framework leverages the Tomorrow's Cities Decision Support Environment, which aims to facilitate pro-poor disaster-risk-informed urban planning and design in developing country contexts. The framework specifically enables decision makers to strategically design and then assess the pro-poorness of mandatory soft policies, using innovative financial impact metrics that discriminate losses on the basis of income. We showcase the framework using the hypothetical expanding city, ``Tomorrowville", successfully identifying pro-poor seismic-risk-related financial soft policies for different instances in the lifetime of the urban system.
Prostate specif c antigen density as a prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer treated with combined hormonal radiation therapy
Authors: Kneev A. Y. , Shkol’nik M. I. , Bogomolov O. A. , Zharinov G. M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To evaluate prostate specifc antigen density (PSAD) as a predictor of overall (OS) and cancerspecifc survival (CSS) in patients with prostate cancer (PC) who have undergone combined hormonal-radiation therapy.Material and Methods. In order to assess the prognostic signifcance of PSAD we retrospectively analyzed outcomes of 714 PCa patients who received combined hormonal-radiation therapy at the A.M. Granov Russian Scientifc Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, between January 1996 and December 2016. Since the prognosis and management differ according to the extent of tumor involvement, patients were categorized into localized (n=272), locally advanced (n=231) and metastatic (n=211) PC groups. We equentially applied ROC-analysis, Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator and Cox proportional hazards model to assess the prognostic relevance and establish threshold values of PSAD that had a signifcant impact on survival rates.Results. In the localized PC group, PSAD threshold values of 0.34 ng/mL/cc and 0.36 ng/mL/cc were associated with a decrease in OS and CSS, respectively. Patients with “low” PSAD had signifcantly better OS and CSS survival rates in both uni- and multivariate analyses. In locally advanced PC group, PSAD threshold values were 0.28 ng/mL/cc and 0.63 ng/mL/cc for OS and CSS, respectively. However, exceeding the specifed values, in the locally advanced PC group, was not accompanied by a statistically signifcant decrease in survival rates. Finally, in the metastatic PC group, established PSAD threshold values were 2.25 ng/mL/cc and 2.30 ng/mL/ccfor OS and CSS, respectively. According to the results of univariate analysis, patients with “low” PSA tend to demonstrate statistically signifcant better OS and CSS rates. The results of multivariate analysis, however, failed to prove PSAD as an independent prognostic factor within the metastatic PC cohort. Conclusion. PSA density is a reliable tool for assessing survival rates in patients with localized PC who have undergone combined hormonal-radiation therapy.
El sicariato: ¿una nueva cara para Panamá?
Authors: López Sinisterra Omar O. 
Published: June 2022

El Sicariato, una forma criminal importada en Panamá, hoy día causa gran impacto y preocupación en el país. Inicialmente se realizaron contratos a sicarios extranjeros para perpetrar este tipo de crimen, sin embargo, en pocos años los pandilleros pertenecientes a bandas locales iniciaron su oficio como sicarios por diversas causas. Panamá desde hace décadas se ha constituido en un hub de las drogas en tránsito desde Sur América transitando hasta México y Estados Unidos. La situación de muertes por sicariato se ha recrudecido en el país durante la pandemia, de tal forma que ha sido difícil controlarlo y ha creado gran inquietud social. El sicariato nace en nuestro país en el 2003 y primariamente ejecutado por sicarios suramericanos, y finalmente aquellos facilitados por las pandillas vinculadas al narcotráfico en el país. Esta modalidad criminal está cada día cobrando más víctimas entre ellas una gran cantidad de jóvenes. No se respeta lugar u hora para concretar el hecho fatal, además no se considera si la víctima está sola o se encuentra acompañada en reuniones o fiestas, lo que genera bajas colaterales que muchas veces no tienen relación con el objetivo. En Panamá las estadísticas muestran un aumento de las víctimas por el sicariato dadas las rivalidades entre pandillas, los tumbes de droga, ajuste de cuentas, crímenes y actos de intimidación y venganza que ya ocurren en cualquier escenario en el país.
Mitrovica İlçesindeki Dini Anıtların Lehinde ve Tahrifatında Kültürel Miras ve Siyasi Etkiler
Authors: HAJZERİ Pajazit 
Published: June 2022

Monuments of Cultural Heritage in Kosovo together with a large number of religious monuments of Christian as well as Islamic worship were posed to political influences and had to change the identity for which they are called upon.
The issue which this paper will address is that of Boletini Church in Mitrovica (Sokolica Monastery).
The church in question served as a sanctuary (synagogue) of the accountants of Boletini family who owned the Millstone mine. This sanctuary, which later is converted into an Orthodox church, belongs to the nineteenth century and in 1956 is declared a women’s monastery.
The history of religions teaches us that most of the monasteries had their own properties and population who protected the monastery, performed rituals, and paid taxes to the monastery.
Sokolica Monastery is not found in any of the medieval sources as allegedly being from XIII-XIV centuries. At the same time, there is no population identified with this monastery and the monastery did not have even a yard of its own. All the surrounding property was occupied by Serbian regime during the time when Kosovo was occupied by Serbia.
All the monastery properties were properties of Isa Boletini’s family that were unjustly taken by the Serbian regime during the reconquest, while after the war ended in 1999, this act was also assisted by the Kosovo institutions for their own political interests and individual benefits.
Ethnic Stereotyping in the Works of Seventeenth-Century Western Travelers and the Evliya Çelebi’s Seyahatname
Authors: ÇAKIR Esma 
Published: June 2022

In the seventeenth century, compared to other times, a large number of European travelers visited the Ottoman Empire and published these visits in the form of travelogues, a genre that was widely read in Europe at that time. While this is the situation in Europe, there was no printing press in the Ottoman Empire yet; it was not common to travel without a compelling reason such as public work or business. The visits of European travelers to the Ottoman Empire lead them to observe the Ottoman society and the members of the Ottoman society to observe them.. While reading the European side of these observations from travel books, it is possible to read the Ottoman side from the travel book of Evliya Çelebi, which is the only work of this scale currently known. Looking at these observations, it is seen that each side defines the other with a set of stereotypes that are mostly ungrounded . The use of the term "ethnic stereotyping" in studies in the field belongs to Robert Dankoff. Some of these clichés have lost in time, and some have paved the way for ethnic and religious stereotypes that exist today. Our aim in this study is to identify these ethnic-based stereotypes used by some Western travelers who visited the Ottoman lands in the seventeenth century, and Evliya Çelebi and to compare the ways in which the parties perceive each other.
As a result of the research, it was seen that; Western travelers in the seventeenth century had various prejudices about not only Turks living here but also other Christian groups, and these prejudices led to some stereotypes. However, a similar attitude is also valid for Evliya Çelebi for the same period. Evliya Çelebi also used various stereotypes related to many ethnic groups, including Turks.
Kosova'da Ulusal Bilincin Oluşturulmasını Önlemek İçin Bir Araç İdeo-Politik ve Farklılık
Authors: KRYEZİU Sedat 
Published: June 2022

The federal police units exercised a fierce violence to oppress the Demonstrations that took place in the year 1981 in Kosovo. The political measures included the ideological and political differentiation. A large part of the Albanian people became subject to persecution. The purpose of all these measures was to destroy the Albanian intellectual elite, in particular educational institutions, to prevent the strengthening of national awareness. It was no coincidence that the political differentiation was more severe at the University of Prishtina; many professional and national staff were fired. All these actions were taken under the guise of "fighting Albanian nationalism and separatism", which often happened that Albanians persecuted their patriots under the slogan mentioned above.
Therefore, the paper "The ideo-political differentiation a tool to prevent the raising of national awareness in Kosovo", aims to elaborate the mentioned campaign and the consequences deriving from it.
Rainfall data used for rainwater harvesting systems: a bibliometric and systematic literature review
Authors: Fioramonte Bruna , Campos Marcus André Siqueira , de Freitas Saulo Ribeiro , Basso Raviel Eurico 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The demand for water has led to an increase in scarcity events in several urban regions. In an urban context, water consumption in buildings plays an important role and rainwater harvesting is one of the ways that consumption can be reduced. One of the input variables for the dimensioning of rainwater tanks is the pluviometric regime's characteristics in the region where the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is to be installed. In this study, a bibliometric and systematic literature review was carried out on the types of rainfall data used in the dimensioning of the elements of RWHS. Worldwide, the most-used data comes from meteorological stations, with a historical series size of 30 years, however, other types of data and different sizes of historical series are also used. From this study, it was possible to synthesise the regions where differentiation data can be collected, as well as their characteristics, enabling the researchers to quickly access the definition of separation data collection parameters.
Exercise and Metabolic Health: The Emerging Roles of Novel Exerkines
Authors: Yazgan Burak , Türkel İbrahim , Özerkliğ Berkay , Atakan Muhammed M. , Aktitiz Selin , Koşar Şükran N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Physical inactivity is a major cause of chronic diseases. It shortens the health span by lowering
the age of the first chronic disease onset, which leads to decreased quality of life and increased
mortality risk. On the other hand, physical exercise is considered a miracle cure in the primary prevention
of at least 35 chronic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. However,
despite many scientific attempts to unveil the health benefits conferred by regular exercise, the underlying
molecular mechanisms driving such benefits are not fully explored. Recent research shows that
exercise-induced bioactive molecules, named exerkines, might play a critical role in the regulation of
metabolic homeostasis and thus prevent metabolic diseases. Here we summarize the current understanding
of the health-promoting effects of exerkines secreted from skeletal muscle, adipose tissue,
bone, and liver, including MOTS-c, BDNF, miR-1, 12,13-diHOME, irisin, SPX, OC, GDF15, and
FGF21 on obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Identifying the systemic health benefits of
exerkines may open a new area for the discovery of new pharmacological strategies for the prevention
and management of metabolic diseases.
Relationship of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/High-Density
Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio with a Vulnerable Plaque in Patients with
Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Case-Control Study in the Han Chinese
Population
Authors: Qiao Tong , Liu Heqian , Chen Zhipeng , Ding Jiawen , Mamateli Subinuer , Cai Jing 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Carotid plaque is often an important factor in ischemic stroke after it changes from stable to vulnerable, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) are associated with plaque vulnerability. We aimed to investigate whether the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, an easily available and novel biomarker, is associated with vulnerable plaques and enhances the warning effect on vulnerability compared to LDL-c or HDL-c alone.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study of 187 patients with severe CAS admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2019 to July 2021. They were divided into a stable plaque group and a vulnerable plaque group according to carotid ultrasonography, carotid angiography (CTA), and plaque pathology. Baseline information was collected and compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was used to determine the degree of correlation between clinical variables. Univariate and multifactor logistic regression analyses were used to examine independent risk factors for vulnerable plaque in patients with severe CAS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the capacity of LDL-c/HDL-c to predict the occurrence of vulnerable plaque.

Results:
The age of the vulnerable plaque group was 68.12 ± 8.90 years, with 85 males (89.91%); the age of the stable plaque group was 68.77 ± 8.43 years, with 70 males (89.74%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LDL-c/HDL-c, smoking and diabetes were independent risk factors for vulnerable plaque (all P <0.05). The risk of vulnerable plaque was 4.78-fold greater in the highest LDL-c/HDL-c quartile (≥ 2.63) than in the lowest quartile (≤ 1.31) (P-trend <0.001), and the area under the ROC curve for LDL-c/HDL-c (AUC=0.681, P <0.001) was higher than that for LDL-c and HDL-c.

Conclusions:
LDL-c/HDL-c, smoking and diabetes were independent risk factors for vulnerable plaque in patients with severe CAS, and LDL-c/HDL-c had a higher predictive value for the presence of vulnerable plaque compared with other lipid parameters.
Comparison of the Effect of Jalinus Syrup and Ondansetron Syrup on
Nausea and Vomiting during Pregnancy in Pregnant Women: Randomized
Clinical Trial
Authors: Shayan Arezoo , Nazari Sasan , Nazari Saman , Ahmadinia Hassan , Rahnavardi Mona , Shobeiri Fatemeh , bekhradi Reza , Khalili Arash 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the effect of jainus syrup and Ondansetron syrup
on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

Methodology:
The present study is a single-blind randomized clinical trial that was conducted on 120 pregnant
women referred to the health centers of Hamadan during 2017-2018. The participants were randomly
divided into two groups, control and intervention, with 60 subjects in each group. Two groups
of 60 received jalinus syrup and Ondansetron syrup for 7 days. Data collection tools, demographic
questionnaire, and information associated with pregnancy, and PUQE-24 questionnaire were used to
assess the severity of nausea and vomiting, and questions related to the assessment of side effects as
well asparticipants’ level of satisfaction with the treatment were provided. All the data were analyzed
using the SPSS software version 16. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The severity of nausea and vomiting in both groups decreased after the intervention, but
considering the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between the two groups in
terms of severity of nausea (P >0.05). According to the Chi-square test, the severity of nausea of all
participants was moderate in both groups before taking the medication, and after taking the medication,
the severity of nausea reduced in most participants and they were placed in the mild group.

Conclusions:
Due to the similar effects of jalinus syrup and Ondansetron syrup in the treatment of
nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the absence of side effects arising from its use, herbal medicine
can be used instead of chemical drugs.
Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Review of
Recent Patents
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Guleria Praveen , Kumar Vineet 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Lung cancer is one of the major killers among different kinds of cancer.
Being a silent developer, the earliest detection and treatment of lung cancer is a challenging task.
The existing therapeutic agents have lower efficacy. Nanotechnology can overcome the challenges
posed by conventional approaches to ensure reliable diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:
Various patents on nano diagnosis and nano delivery aspects of lung cancer were analyzed
to compile the information in a nutshell. The increasing trend of patents on nano-based solutions
for lung cancer opens new opportunities.

Methods:
Google patent and Science Citation Index Expanded data sources were used to obtain
relevant literature on nano-detection and nano-drug delivery for lung cancer. Various keywords
were used to ensure the inclusion of recent and most relevant information in each section. The gist
of the patent is described with suitable subsections.

Results:
Thorough review of recent patents on nanotechnology-based theranostics of lung cancer
was conducted. Nanotechnology-based diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer overcome the
drawbacks of traditional treatments with better stability, targeted drug delivery, controlled sustained
drug release, ease of membrane transport, and better therapeutic efficacy/safety ratio to obtain
optimized clinical results. Further, it is cost-effective and accurate.

Conclusion:
Overall, the application of nanotechnology in lung cancer treatment and diagnosis is
a futuristic approach. Furthermore, NPs-based in vitro and in vivo detection and nano drug delivery
to lungs need to be rigorously pursued for a sustainable solution.
Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yassin Ahmed , Al-Mistarehi Abdel-Hameed , Soudah Ola , Karasneh Reema , Al-Azzam Sayer , Qarqash Aref A. , Khasawneh Aws G. , Alhayk Kefah A. , Al Qawasmeh Majdi , Kofahi Raid M. , Bashayreh Salma Y. , El-Salem Khalid 
Published: June 2022

Background:COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming psychologic burden on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the changes in the prevalence, estimates, severity, and risk factors of depressive symptoms among HCWs within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:An observational e-survey collected data on HCWs’ socio-demographic characteristics, occupational situation, and depressive symptoms as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9). The e-survey was distributed one month after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (onset group) and again after one year (one-year group).Results:A total of 422 HCWs were included (Mean (SD) age, 35.3 (9.9) years; 71.3% males), with 211 (50%) participants in each group. In the total cohort, the mean PHQ-9 score was 8.5, and 36.7% reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms with a PHQ-9 score of ≥10. Compared to the onset group, the one-year group reported a higher risk of major depressive disorder (41.7%vs. 31.8%; OR 1.538; 95%CI 1.032–2.291;p=0.034), a higher mean PHQ-9 score (9.5 (6.8)vs. 7.4 (5.3),p<0.001), and more severe depressive symptoms(p<0.005). Participants who were younger, unmarried, underwent testing for COVID-19, reported lower monthly income, did not receive special COVID-19 education, or had lower satisfaction with institutional preparedness had significantly higher depression scores and symptoms in both onset and one-year groups (p<0.05for each category). Female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 patients or samples were significant risk factors within the onset group. Occupation as a physician, history of COVID-19 testing or infection, and perception of significant changes in work schedule or intensity were significantly associated with higher depression scores and symptoms among the one-year group.Conclusion:This study sheds light on an unspoken but significant rise in prevalence estimates and severity of depressive symptoms among HCWs over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic and shows the vulnerable subgroups for whom a psychological intervention might be warranted.
Effect of Captopril and BQ123 Endothelin-1 Antagonist on Experimentally Induced Hyperlipidemic Nephropathy in Rats
Authors: Jaiswal Astha , Semwal Bhupesh Chandra , Singh Sonia 
Published: June 2022

Background:Kidney disease is a universal public health problem, and epidemiological studies demonstrated that the incidences of chronic kidney disease are increasing day by day. However, the efficiency of currently available drugs on the progression of nephropathy is limited. Therefore, the current research was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of captopril and BQ123 against hyperlipidemia-induced nephropathy in rats.Objective:Implication of Endothelin-1 in Experimentally Induced Hyperlipedemic Nephropathy in RatsMethods:Animals were divided into various groups, and the administration of a high-fat diet for six weeks induced hyperlipidemia. After confirmation of hyperlipidemia, treatment was started for the next 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, and various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were performed.Results:Treatment of both the agents in combination effectively decreased BUN levels, serum creatinine, serum nitrite, and proinflammatory markers and ameliorated the pathological injuries of kidneys.Conclusion:Furthermore, both treatments also inhibited oxidative stress and restored the hyperlipidemia-induced reduction in the level of antioxidant enzymes.