bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SMASH BOLA VOLI MELALUI PROGRAM LATIHAN BAGI SISWA PUTERA PERGURUAN TAMAN SISWA TEBING TINGGI
Authors: Kurniawan Rizkei , AMRI KHAIRUL , RANGKUTI YOKI AFRIANDY 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan smash bola voli melalui program latihan bagi siswa putera Perguruan Taman Siswa Tebing Tinggi Tahun 2012. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa putera ekstrakurikuler bola voli Perguruan Taman Siswa yang berjumlah 10 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan. Untuk pengumpulan data pre-test dan data pos-test menggunakan tes smash bola voli dan lembar observasi penilaian proses teknik smash bola voli.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan I siklus selama 6 minggu dengan frekuensi latihan 3 kali dalam seminggu atau sebanyak 18 kali pertemuan dalam I siklus. Rancangan siklus I terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Sebelum dilakukan tindakan pada siklus I peneliti melakukan pre-test untuk melihat dan merumuskan masalah sebelum menentukan perencanaan, kemudian dilakukan latihan dan tindakan menggunakan program latihan dan diakhiri dengan pemberian pos-test siklus I.
Setelah data terkumpul dan dilakukan analisis maka diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: (1) Dari data pre-test diperoleh 1 orang (10%) yang telah tercapai tingkat keberhasilan latihan, sedangkan 9 orang (90%) belum tercapai tingkat keberhasilan latihan. (2) Dari data pos-test siklus I diperoleh 8 orang (80%) yang telah tercapai tingkat keberhasilan latihan, sedangkan 2 orang (20%) belum tercapai tingkat keberhasilan latihan. Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan smash siswa dari pre-test 10% ke pos-test siklus I menjadi 80%. Hasil yang diperoleh tersebut telah mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya yaitu Persentase Ketuntasan Klasikal (PKK) sebesar 80%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa melalui program latihan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan smash bola voli bagi siswa putera Perguruan Taman Siswa Tebing Tinggi Tahun 2012.
Kata Kunci : Smash, Bola Voli
Traces of Tourism and Transnationalism in Liszt’s Heine Settings
Authors: Clark Suzannah 
Published: January 2022

Shortly after touring the Rhinelands in the early 1840s, Liszt began setting two poems by Heine that feature the Rhine: ‘Im Rhein’ (S. 272) and ‘Die Lorelei’ (S. 273). They were published together in 1843 in a collection of mostly German songs and one Italian song, which Liszt titled Buch der Lieder after Heine’s own collection of poems published in 1827 and from which ‘Im Rhein’ and ‘Die Lorelei’ are drawn. Based on a public letter written while Liszt was on holiday in Nonnenwerth and published in Paris during his lifetime, this essay argues that two life experiences that happened within days of each other in the summer of 1841 indelibly link these two songs in Liszt’s biography and offer insights in how to read his musical settings. Firstly, Liszt travelled passed the Lorelei rock by steamship, which was so noisy and created so much smoke that he complained he could not properly take in either the landscape or the soundscape of the famed location along the river, which, according to a newly minted legend, inhabited by a siren-figure called Lorelei. Secondly, he was invited by the citizens of Cologne to provide a benefit concert to help raise funds to finish the construction of the Cologne cathedral, which had lain incomplete since the fifteenth century. Although he had already composed ‘Im Rhein’, shortly after his success in Cologne, he composed ‘Die Lorelei’. In 1856, Liszt published substantially revised versions of both songs. By then, he had settled in Weimar and was no longer the cosmopolitan visitor with a multitude of national allegiances, which opens the different versions to an analysis through Liszt’s own lived experience – that is, through the lens of tourism versus transnationalism. The essay compares the two versions as contrasting reactions to the loco-descriptive elements in Heine’s poems. Through a close analysis of Liszt’s choices of form, harmony, melodic contour, and accompanimental figuration, I argue that, in the case of ‘Im Rhein’, Liszt’s revision reveal a greater intimacy with the monuments described in Heine’s poem and, in the case of ‘Die Lorelei’, the setting becomes more idyllic over time, suggesting an erasure of Liszt’s own traumatic journey and the technological developments in shipping that had drowned out and obscured the sonic and visual aura of the famous and perilous bend in the river. In both cases, the transnational perspective brings to the fore ways in which the sense of flow, movement of light, navigation, boundaries, and the crossing of thresholds are either facilitated or hampered in Heine’s poems and Liszt’s music.
French Impressions: The Transnational Afterlives of Verlaine’s ‘La lune blanche’ in Song
Authors: Evans David 
Published: January 2022

In this chapter I compare settings of Verlaine’s ‘La Lune blanche’ (‘The White Moon’) by composers of different nationalities (Delius, Webern, Sorabji, Loomis, Nevin, Loeffler, Hennessy, Poldowski, McEwen, Szulc, Stravinsky) in order to show how different ideas of French song – and of art song itself – emerge through the multiple dialogues of its transnational crossings. Two opposing approaches become clear: on the one hand, songs which maintain a reverence towards the source text as a symbol of the cultural cachet which French mélodie has enjoyed since its 1880-1930 heyday; and on the other, songs which offer a curiously unplaceable musical material, staking a claim for music as an mode of articulation which functions independently from language and, indeed, from national identities which are always in danger of falling into repetition, cliché, and pastiche. This latter mode, I suggest, comes closest to the real heart of mélodie as understood by its foremost French purveyors, Fauré and Debussy, and which composers like Stravinsky draw out of Verlaine’s text: a conception of song as an art form uniquely placed to offer a critique of fixed national paradigms and stable interpretative systems, by constantly calling into question, through their formal complexities, the very processes by which meaning itself is produced.
Pomegranate Seed Extract: A Strong Antioxidant against Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Induced Oxidative Stress in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Obisike U. A. , Boisa N. , Nwachuku E. O. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Punica granatum (Pomegranate) seed in testosterone induced benign prostate hyperplastic albino Wistar rats.
Study design: This study is an interventional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The experimental aspect of this study was conducted at the animal house, Department of Pharmacology, University of Port Harcourt between April and September, 2019.
Methodology: Seventy (70) adult albino male wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into 12 groups of 5 rats each and fed with commercial rat diet and clean drinking water. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum seed were prepared using the maceration method. Benign Prostate Hyperplasia was induced in rats after they submitted to bilateral orchiectomy by daily injections of testosterone propionate (TP) (4 mg/kg b.wt.sc). Rats were treated with 500 or 1500 mg/kg b.wt. of aqueous or ethanoI extracts of Punica granatum seed, dutasteride or in combination. Administration of extracts was done by gavage. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were analyzed using sandwich ELISA Kits by Shanghai Korain Biotech Co., Ltd, China, while oxidative stress indices (OSI) were calculated. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0 of Windows Stat Pac and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that the mean TOS, TAS, SOD and OSI for the rats in the normal control group were 1.66±0.2U/ml, 2.71±0.25U/ml, 41.8±2.9pg/ml and 0.62±0.10 respectively. After BPH induction (group 2), the values were 3.25±0.5U/ml,1.17±0.14U/ml, 23.38±2.09 pg/ml and 2.81±0.60pg/ml respectively. There were significant decreases for TOS and OSI, and significant increases for TAS and SOD when the rats where treated with lower and higher doses of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum and Dutasteride.
Conclusion: In conclusion, both doses of Punica granatum seed for ethanolic and aqueous extracts individually and in combination and with dutasteride markedly reduced total oxidant status, oxidative stress indices and improved the activities of antioxidant parameters like superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status.
Perceived Sustainability and Reliability of Naturopathic Birth Control Methods; A Study in Ningo-Prampram, Ghana
Authors: Nyarkotey Obu Raphael , Aggrey-Bluwey Lawrencia , Nartey Ruth 
Published: January 2022

Background: According to worldwide estimates, some 600,000 women die each year of pregnancy-related causes, and another 75,000 die following unsafe abortions. At least 200,000 of these maternal deaths are attributable to the failure or lack of contraceptive services. Naturopathic birth control methods have been proven to be a safe and effective way to prevent unwanted pregnancies
Aim: this study aimed to examine the use of naturopathic birth control methods and to explore the perceived reliability and perceived sustainability of naturopathic birth control methods among adults.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. Adults in the Ningo-Prampram Municipality were randomly sampled to select 100 respondents, who were then administered with the structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Results were presented using descriptive metrics.
Results: Majority of the respondents (39.6%) strongly agree to the use of naturopathic birth control methods 12 months. 34.1% strongly agreed as against 2.2% who strongly disagreed to the reliability of naturopathic birth control methods. 38.5 showed agreement as against 19.8% showing disagreement on the reliability of naturopathic birth control methods. 49.5% agreeing strongly to its sustainability, as against 3.3% disagreeing strongly.
Conclusion: It is indicative that given the benefits of naturopathic birth control methods, more adults are in strong agreement of its usage, reliability and sustainability, since it presents the user with no later life health issues such as infertility and complications in parturition. It is therefore important that, the issues of Sexually Transmitted infections (STIs) are addressed with abstinence and or fidelity with one sexual partner.
Green Solvent‐Processed Hemi‐Isoindigo Polymers for Stable Temperature Sensors
Authors: Ngai Jenner H. L. , Polena John , Afzal Daniel , Gao Xiguang , Kapadia Mihir , Li Yuning 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of donor‐acceptor polymers, namely PTEB, PMEB, PEEB, and PPEB, are designed and synthesized for temperature sensing. The polymers are composed of hemi‐isoindigo as the acceptor unit, 3,3″‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐2,2″‐bithiophene as the donor unit, and thiophene as the spacer unit. Carbamate solubilizing side chains are used to increase the solubility of the polymers in a green solvent anisole. Furthermore, the carbamate side chains can be thermally removed to form solvent‐resistant polymers PTNB, PMNB, PENB, and PPNB, respectively. The removal of carbamate side chains also helps to elevate the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the polymer, thereby promoting p‐doping. PMNB, PENB, and PPNB films are doped with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) and used for fabricating temperature sensors on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The sensors exhibit high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of up to −1.92 (±0.125)% °C−1 at 20–60 °C. This is the highest TCR achieved to date for resistor‐type temperature sensors using a non‐composite single conductive polymer. High sensitivity, green solvent processability, and mechanical flexibility make these temperature sensors promising for use in low‐cost, ubiquitous applications.
Assembling Diverse Skyrmionic Phases in Fe3GeTe2 Monolayers
Authors: Xu Changsong , Li Xueyang , Chen Peng , Zhang Yun , Xiang Hongjun , Bellaiche Laurent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSkyrmionic magnetic states are promising in advanced spintronics. This topic is experiencing recent progress in 2D magnets, with, for example, a near 300 K Curie temperature observed in Fe3GeTe2. However, despite previous studies reporting skyrmions in Fe3GeTe2, such a system remains elusive, since it has been reported to host either Néel‐type or Bloch‐type textures, while a net Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) cannot occur in this compound for symmetry reasons. It is thus desirable to develop an accurate model to deeply understand Fe3GeTe2. Here, a newly developed method adopting spin invariants is applied to build a first‐principle‐based Hamiltonian, which predicts colorful topological defects assembled from the unit of Bloch lines, and reveals the critical role of specific forms of fourth‐order interactions in Fe3GeTe2. Rather than the DMI, it is the multiple fourth‐order interactions, with symmetry and spin–orbit couplings considered, that stabilize both Néel‐type and Bloch‐type skyrmions, as well as antiskyrmions, without any preference for clockwise versus counterclockwise spin rotation. This study also demonstrates that spin invariants can be used as a general approach to study complex magnetic interactions.
Highly Stable Artificial Synapses Based on Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions for Neuromorphic Computing Applications
Authors: Song Sungmun , Ham Woori , Park Gyuil , Kho Wonwoo , Kim Jisoo , Hwang Hyunjoo , Kim Hyo‐Bae , Song Hyunsun , Ahn Ji‐Hoon , Ahn Seung‐Eon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to the limited processing speed and power efficiency of the current computing method based on the von Neumann architecture, research on artificial synaptic devices for implementing neuromorphic computing capable of parallel computation is accelerating. The potential application of artificial synapses composed of ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on metal–hafnium zirconium oxide–metal structure for neuromorphic computing is investigated. Multiple resistance levels are implemented through partial polarization switching control, and synaptic plasticity is successfully imitated based on a high level of device stability and reproducibility. In addition, this device exhibits linear symmetric long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression using a highly variable pulse driving scheme. Finally, the artificial neural network applied with this synaptic device shows high classification accuracy (95.95%) for the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digits.
Circular Subwavelength Photodetectors for 3D Space Exploration
Authors: Pan Qi , Sun Yali , Su Meng , Chen Sisi , Cai Zheren , Zhang Zeying , Zou Miaomiao , Chen Bingda , Mikhailova Julia V. , Zuev Dmitry , Song Yanlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDetectors with the ability of 3D space exploration greatly promote sensing performance for artificial intelligence, automatic drive, etc. Current photodetectors for spatial angle detection are usually composed of planar stacked light‐sensing elements on the bulky 3D configuration. To meet the miniaturization and integration of intelligent systems, it is critical to break the obstacle between chip‐level architecture and spatial recognition function. Here, a chip‐level circular facade photodetector for 3D space exploration is demonstrated. The template used in the miniature solid‐shaping strategy guides the photosensitive materials patterning into 3D circular configuration, which divides the space into equal subdivisions. The multi‐directional light‐coupling interaction from the circular structure and the wider light–matter resonance from the self‐standing facade endow the 3D photodetectors with the capability of wide detection range (horizontal: 360°; vertical: 60°) and high detection accuracy (99.6%). Furthermore, this work provides a novel approach for 3D optoelectronics in intelligent systems.
Overcoming Electron Transfer Efficiency Bottlenecks for Hydrogen Production in Highly Crystalline Carbon Nitride‐Based Materials
Authors: Teixeira Ivo F. , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Silva Ingrid F. , López‐Salas Nieves , Savateev Aleksandr , Antonietti Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a complex reaction involving many interdependent physicochemical steps. Highly ordered carbon nitride‐based materials, such as Na‐PHI and K‐PHI, display some of the highest activities for H2 evolution among the carbon nitride‐based materials, due to their electronic properties, but also the presence of cyanimide terminations, which favors the charge transfer for the Pt cocatalyst nanoparticles (NPs). For such highly optimized semiconductor structures, the necessity to control and improve other steps of the photocatalytic process becomes essential, in particular the poor electron transfer from the Pt NPs to the protons in solution over the Helmholtz or Stern layer. Taking highly ordered Na‐PHI as a test material, the influence of water‐dissolved alkali cations on the HER is systematically studied and it is experimentally verified that the electron transfer from the Pt NPs to the protons in solution limits the efficiency of heterogeneous carbon nitride‐based catalysts. This paper explains how hydrated alkali cations influence electron transfer and are able to boost the H2 evolution rate of the same Na‐PHI from 2401 up to 5330 µmol h−1 g−1 with an apparent quantum yield of 13% at 420 nm.
Differential Macrophage Responses to Gold Nanostars and Their Implication for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Kenry  , Eschle Benjamin K. , Andreiuk Bohdan , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGold nanostars (AuNSs) are actively explored for a range of theranostic and nanomedicine applications. While their biological applications are widely demonstrated, the fundamental interactions of these anisotropic nanomaterials with innate immune cells and their implication for cancer immunotherapy are less investigated. Specifically, it remains unclear how AuNSs interact with macrophages of different phenotypes and how these interactions influence the behavior of macrophages, especially their phagocytic and cancer modulating activities. Herein, the interactions between AuNSs of different shapes and macrophages of different phenotypes, including the naïve M0, pro‐inflammatory M1‐like, and anti‐inflammatory M2‐like phenotypes, are systematically interrogated. This study reveals that the morphology of AuNSs significantly impacts their interactions with macrophages. Macrophage viability, oxidative stress response, cytokine release, and phagocytotic ability depend on the macrophage phenotype as well as AuNS shape tip‐to‐core ratio. The selective response of macrophages toward AuNSs, particularly those of M1‐like phenotype, may be potentially leveraged for realizing cancer immunotherapy. Overall, it is anticipated that the findings of this study will further shape the understanding of the interactions between innate immune cells and Au nanomaterials and potentially open new opportunities for cancer therapy.
A Novel Metabolic Reprogramming Strategy for the Treatment of Diabetes‐Associated Breast Cancer
Authors: Hao Qiongyu , Huang Zhimin , Li Qun , Liu Dingxie , Wang Piwen , Wang Kun , Li Jieqing , Cao Wei , Deng Wenhong , Wu Ke , Su Rui , Liu Zhongmin , Vadgama Jay , Wu Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetes is directly related to the risk of breast cancer (BC) occurrence and worsened BC prognosis. Currently, there are no specific treatments for diabetes‐associated BC. This paper aims to understand the fundamental mechanisms of diabetes‐induced BC progression and to develop personalized treatments. It reports a metabolic reprogramming strategy (MRS) that pharmaceutical induction of glucose import and glycolysis with metformin and NF‐κB inhibitor (NF‐κBi) while blocking the export of excessive lactate via inhibiting monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) leads to a metabolic crisis within the cancer cells. It demonstrates that the MRS shifts the metabolism of BC cells toward higher production of lactate, blocks lactate secretion, prompts intracellular acidification and induces significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, a novel MCT4 inhibitor CB‐2 has been identified by structure‐based virtual screening. A triple combination of metformin, CB‐2, and trabectedin, a drug that impedes NF‐κB signaling, strongly inhibits BC cells. Compared to normal glucose condition, MRS elicits more potent cancer cell‐killing effects under high glucose condition. Animal model studies show that diabetic conditions promote the proliferation and progression of BC xenografts in nude mice and that MRS treatment significantly inhibits HG‐induced BC progression. Therefore, inhibition of MCT4 combined with metformin/NF‐κBi is a promising cancer therapy, especially for diabetes‐associated BC.
A Prestressing Strategy Enabled Synergistic Energy‐Dissipation in Impact‐Resistant Nacre‐Like Structures
Authors: Wu Kaijin , Song Yonghui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Shuaishuai , Zheng Zhijun , Gong Xinglong , He Linghui , Yao Hong‐Bin , Ni Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe application of prestresses is a valuable strategy for enhancing the overall mechanical performances of structural materials. Residual stresses, acting as prestresses, exist naturally in biological structural materials, such as the nacre with the 3D “brick‐and‐mortar” arrangement. Although regulation of the tablets sliding has recently been demonstrated to be vital to improve toughness in synthetic nacre‐like structures, the effects of prestresses on the tablets‐sliding mechanism in these nacre‐like structures remain unclear. Here, by a combination of simulation, additive manufacturing, and drop tower testing the authors reveal that, at a critical prestress, synergistic effects between the prestress‐enhanced tablets sliding and prestress‐weakened structural integrality result in optimized impact resistance of nacre‐like structures. Furthermore, the prestressing strategy is easily implemented to a designed nacre‐inspired separator to enhance the impact resistance of lithium batteries. The findings demonstrate that the prestressing strategy combined with bioinspired architectures can be exploited for enhancing the impact resistance of engineering structural materials and energy storage devices.