bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ldhA‐induced persister in Escherichia coli is formed through accidental SOS response via intracellular metabolic perturbation
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Ohno Yurino , Tsuneda Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPersisters are a subpopulation that exhibit growth suppression, antibiotic tolerance, and regrowth after antibiotic removal, without any genetic mutations, which causes the recalcitrance and recurrence of infectious diseases. Persisters are majorly induced through the repression of energy metabolism, but some exceptions have been reported. We have previously shown that ldhA, which encodes lactate dehydrogenase, induces Escherichia coli persisters, resulting in a state of high‐energy metabolism. However, the detailed mechanism of persister formation upon ldhA expression remains elusive. In the present study, we focused on the SOS response pathway via the DNA repair pathway that consumes adenosine triphosphate and revealed that the SOS response pathway is activated upon ldhA expression even before antimicrobial treatment. Metabolome analysis of ldhA‐overexpressing cells revealed that nucleotide metabolic pathways, such as de novo purine biosynthesis, were activated to prepare a nucleotide pool, as substrate for repairing ofloxacin‐induced DNA damage. We provide a novel persister model that contributes to survival as a species by “accidentally” activating the SOS response even before receiving antimicrobial stress.
Identifying aroma‐active compounds in coffee‐flavored dairy beverages
Authors: Mahmud M. M. Chayan , Keast Russell , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Shellie Robert A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoffee aroma is a complex mixture of volatile compounds. This study characterized the important aroma‐active compounds associated with consumer liking in formulated coffee‐flavored dairy beverages. Nine coffee‐flavored dairy beverages were formulated: low fat–low coffee; medium fat–low coffee; high fat–low coffee; low fat–medium coffee; medium fat–medium coffee; high fat–medium coffee; low fat–high coffee; medium fat–high coffee; and high fat–high coffee. Regular coffee consumers, (n = 231) used a nine‐point hedonic scale to rate acceptance of aroma. Volatile compounds were extracted by head space‐solid phase micro‐extraction (HS‐SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC‐MS‐O) using a modified frequency (MF) approach. Fifty‐two aroma‐active compounds were detected. Thirty‐one aroma‐active compounds were considered important compounds with MF‐value ≥ 50%. The total number of aroma‐active compounds and their intensity were affected because of fat and coffee concentration. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed to determine the relationship between aroma‐active compounds and liking. PLSR analysis identified three groups of compounds regarding liking. Twenty‐five compounds were associated with positive liking, for example, 2‐(methylsulfanylmethyl) furan (coffee like). Sixteen compounds were negatively associated with liking, for example, 2‐methoxyphenol (bacon, medicine like). Eleven detected compounds had no association with liking, for example, butane‐2,3‐dione (butter, fruit like).Practical Application: The result of this study may be applied to formulate coffee‐flavored dairy beverages to maximize consumer acceptance and aroma‐liking. This study suggested too low coffee concentration is not desirable. Too much fat affects aroma release and/or alters the characteristic coffee flavor which negatively affects consumer acceptance.
Effect ofCPP‐ACPmodified‐GICon prevention of demineralization in comparison to other fluoride‐containing restorative materials
Authors: Sobh EG , Hamama HH , Palamara JEA , Mahmoud SH , Burrow MF 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the ability of a CPP‐ACP‐modified Glass–ionomer cement (GIC) to inhibit demineralization around the margins of cervical cavities in natural teeth in comparison with a Giomer and conventional GIC with and without coating.MethodsThirty‐two sound human molars were used. Box‐shaped cavities were prepared along the CEJ. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups and restored with Equia Forte Fil, Coated Equia Forte Fil, Fuji VII EP or Beautifil II. Teeth were subjected to pH cycling. Micromorphological and elemental analyses were done using SEM and EDX. Polarized light microscope analysis and microhardness tests were also performed.ResultsMicrohardness tests on enamel showed a significant difference between the coated Equia group, Equia and Beautifil II groups (P < 0.05). Dentine results showed significant differences between the coated Equia group and all other groups (P < 0.05). Elemental analysis showed significant differences in calcium weight percentage among the first and second observation levels in all groups (P < 0.05). A significant difference was found between the coated Equia group and the other three groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAll tested materials showed some ability to resist demineralization at the restoration margins. The coated GIC restoration showed better outcomes compared with the other tested materials.
First record of miracine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Australia: molecular phylogenetics and morphology reveal multiple new species
Authors: Slater‐Baker Mollie‐Rosae , Austin Andrew D , Whitfield James B , Fagan‐Jeffries Erinn P 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMiracinae are a small subfamily of parasitoid wasps that are under‐represented in collections and that have yet to be formally recorded from Australia. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were performed using the barcoding region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from 11 miracine specimens collected throughout Australia, along with extralimital miracine COI sequences from the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). Of 14 miracine sequences from Australia, 11 distinct species were identified at a 2% pairwise difference threshold. Four of these species, for which female specimens were available for morphological examination, are here described: Mirax arcisensis Slater‐Baker & Fagan‐Jeffries sp. nov., Mirax caelicus Slater‐Baker & Fagan‐Jeffries sp. nov., Mirax cowellensis Slater‐Baker & Fagan‐Jeffries sp. nov. and Mirax trianguliceps Slater‐Baker & Fagan‐Jeffries sp. nov. Although specimens are apparently rare in collections, these results suggest that the continent may have a much larger endemic miracine fauna and highlights the need for additional work on the subfamily in Australia. Further studies on the taxonomy and biology of Australian miracines could have important implications for conservation and may reveal opportunities for biological control strategies against leaf‐mining pests.
Anogenital distance, male factor infertility and time to pregnancy
Authors: Madvig Fie , Pedersen Marc Künkel , Urhoj Stine Kjær , Bräuner Elvira Vaclavik , Jørgensen Niels , Priskorn Lærke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnogenital distance (AGD), the distance between the anus and genitals, is in rodents a well‐established marker of early androgen action and has been suggested to be so in humans as well. Thus, a link between human AGD and semen quality and potentially fecundity may exist.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the association between AGD and male factor infertility and among proven fertile men also time to pregnancy (TTP).Material and methodsAll included men were recruited from and examined at Copenhagen University Hospital ‐ Rigshospitalet, Denmark (N = 388). Men with impaired semen quality were included from infertile couples (N = 128), and men with naturally conceived pregnant partners were invited to participate when their partners had their routine second trimester examination (N = 260). All men underwent a physical examination, completed a questionnaire (including TTP for the fertile men), delivered a semen sample and had a blood sample drawn. The primary exposure was AGDAS measured from the centre of the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum. Associations between AGD and fertility status as well as between AGD and TTP among the fertile men were calculated using multiple logistic regression adjusted for covariates.ResultsAGD did not show a statistically significant association with fertility status. In adjusted logistic regression models, the odds of infertility per 1 cm increase in AGDAS were 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88; 1.19). Among fertile men, a 1‐cm increase in AGDAS was associated with an 8% non‐statistically significantly reduced odds of having a longer (>3months) TTP (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.76–1.11).ConclusionOur study showed that the clinical application of AGD as a predictor of fertility and fecundity seems to be limited as no associations were observed between AGD and fertility status, nor was the decreased risk of experiencing a longer TTP with longer AGDAS statistically significant.
Review article: switching patients with chronic hepatitis B to tenofovir alafenamide—a review of current data
Authors: Lim Young‐Suk , Seto Wai‐Kay , Kurosaki Masayuki , Fung Scott , Kao Jia‐Horng , Hou Jinlin , Gordon Stuart C. , Flaherty John F. , Yee Leland J. , Zhao Yang , Agarwal Kosh , Lampertico Pietro 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) entecavir (ETV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are preferred treatment options for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB). However, resistance to ETV has been reported, especially with prior exposure to other NAs, and long‐term TDF treatment has been associated with decline in renal function and loss of bone mineral density in some patients. Consequently, TAF may be preferable to ETV, TDF or other NAs in specific circumstances such as in patients with risk of bone or renal complications, elderly patients or those with previous NA experience.AimTo provide a summary of the available efficacy and safety data following switch to TAF from other NAs in patients with CHB in clinical studies and real‐world settings.MethodsLiterature searches were performed on PubMed and abstracts from three major international liver congresses between 2019 and 2021. Studies that included efficacy and/or safety data for patients with CHB switching from any NA to TAF were selected.ResultsThirty‐six papers and abstracts were included in this narrative review. Switching from TDF to TAF maintained or improved virological and biochemical responses with improved bone and renal safety. Switching from ETV or other NAs to TAF maintained or improved virological and biochemical responses and varying results for bone and renal safety.ConclusionsSwitching to TAF appears to maintain or improve virological, biochemical and bone‐ and renal‐related safety outcomes. These data support the concept of switching to TAF in some patients with CHB based on their individual circumstances.
Increasing rates of urinary and bloodstream infections following transrectal prostate biopsy in South Sweden
Authors: Ljungquist Oskar , Persmark Ale , Grabe Magnus , Jakobsen Ane Krag , Gerdtsson Axel , Torisson Gustav , Bjartell Anders , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo report trends and characteristics of post‐prostate biopsy (PBx) infections, with regard to aetiology and resistance patterns, in a large unique cohort from a single‐centre using the same antibiotic prophylactic regimens during a 15‐year period.Patients and MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional cohort study, including all patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography‐guided PBx (TRUS PBx) for the suspicion of prostate cancer at the Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital between 1 May 2003 and 31 December 2017. Positive blood and urinary cultures were considered markers of bloodstream infection (BSI) and urinary tract infection (UTI), respectively. For all patients, details regarding blood or urine cultures from the date of the TRUS PBx and 14 days onwards were retrieved.ResultsIn total, 8973 TRUS PBx procedures were performed in 6597 men during the study period. Over time, there was a trend towards a changing case‐mix, with PBx procedures increasingly being performed in older patients, patients with lower prostate‐specific antigen values, and higher prostate volumes. During the study period, the number of PBx procedures performed increased for each time period and we found an increasing rate of infectious complications in the last period. Overall, the rates of BSI and UTI with at least one relevant pathogen were 1% (88/8973) and 1.8% (159/8973), respectively. In total, 16 of 90 strains (18%) were extended spectrum beta‐lactamases producing, with an increasing proportion over time. The proportion of ciprofloxacin‐resistant pathogens did not increase over time.ConclusionDuring the 15 years of this study, BSI and UTI after TRUS PBx increased. The rise of infectious complications after TRUS PBx in this population is unlikely to be explained by quinolone‐resistance, as ciprofloxacin‐resistance did not increase in the blood and urinary samples obtained during the study period. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate why infectious complications after TRUS PBx are increasing.
Responsivity of serotonin transporter knockout rats to short and long access to cocaine: Modulation of the glutamate signalling in the nucleus accumbens shell
Authors: Caffino Lucia , Mottarlini Francesca , Targa Giorgia , Verheij Michel M. M. , Fumagalli Fabio , Homberg Judith R. 
Published: February 2022

Background and PurposeIt has been well established that glutamate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in the motivation to take drugs of abuse. We have previously demonstrated that rats with ablation of the serotonin transporter (SERT−/− rats) show increased cocaine intake reminiscent of compulsivity.Experimental ApproachBy comparing SERT−/− to SERT+/+ rats, we investigated whether SERT deletion influences glutamate homeostasis under control conditions as well as after short access (ShA: 1 h per session) or long access (LgA: 6 h per session) to cocaine self‐administration. Rats were killed at 24 h after the last self‐administration session for ex vivo molecular analyses of the main determinants of the glutamate system, including transporters (vesicular and glial), receptors (main post‐synaptic subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors together with the metabotropic subunit mGLUR5), and scaffolding proteins (SAP102, SAP97, and GRIP) in the NAc shell (sNAc)Key ResultsIn cocaine‐naive animals, SERT deletion was associated with changes indicative for a reduction in glutamate signalling. ShA and LgA exposure led to a further dysregulation of the glutamatergic synapse.ConclusionSERT deletion may render the glutamatergic synapses of the NAc shell more responsive to both ShA and LgA intake of cocaine.
Pandemics through the lens of occupations
Authors: Chopra Anand , Devereux Michael B. , Lahiri Amartya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe outline a macro‐pandemic model where individuals can select into working from home or in the market. Market work increases the risk of infection. Occupations differ in the ease of substitution between market and home work and in the risk of infection. We examine the evolution of a pandemic in the model as well as its macroeconomic and distributional consequences. The model is calibrated to British Columbian data to examine the implications of shutting down different industries by linking industries to occupations. We find that endogenous choice to self‐isolate is key: it reduces the peak weekly infection rate by two percentage points but reduces the trough consumption level by four percentage points, even without policy‐mandated lockdowns. The model also produces widening consumption inequality, a fact that has characterized COVID‐19.
Modified Le Fort I interpositional grafting of the severe atrophied maxilla—a retrospective study of 106 patients over 10 years
Authors: Abraha Sophia Mulugeta , Geng Yuan‐Ming , Naujokat Hendrik , Terheyden Hendrik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate a modified Le Fort I interpositional grafting followed by dental implants for the rehabilitation of edentulous atrophied maxillae (Cawood classes IV and V). The surgical modification was a bilateral sinus floor augmentation prior to the osteotomy. This generated a closed recipient bed which allowed the use of particulated bone grafts (xenogenic bone mineral) and a reduced amount of autologous iliac bone grafts.Materials and MethodsA total of 106 patients with maxillary interpositional bone grafts were included in this retrospective analysis between 2006 and 2020. The panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms were analyzed to assess the gain and stability of the maxillary bone and the peri‐implant bone loss. In addition, the observational period of up to 14 years implant survival and success was evaluated.ResultsA stable vertical bone height with mean 0.63 ± 1.41 mm resorption over 5 years after implant loading was observed. A mean of 0.20 ± 0.37 mm marginal bone loss was noted after 5 years. The implant survival was 96.4% after 5 years and implant success can be rated 91.7% in a mean follow‐up period of 93 months and 168 months maximal observation time. Perioperative complications included sinus membrane perforation (59.43%), wound healing disturbances (25.47%), and transient primary complications (13.78%). All receded apart from two subtotal graft losses (1.8%).ConclusionsThe modified Le Fort I osteotomy with interpositional bone grafts is a predictable procedure in terms of bone and implant stability. Patients with atrophic maxillae who are fit for surgery should be informed about risks and benefits of this treatment alternative.
Retracted: Artificial intelligence for public perception of drones as a tool for telecommunication technologies
Authors: Alluhaidan Ala Saleh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrones, a small aviation craft that can hold sensors and be directed to certain locations, have been explored and utilized in domains such as public safety, traffic monitoring, and healthcare. Yet, the scientific research of drone usage still in progress. This article investigates the following: (1) how the public perceives a drone as a healthcare tool, and (2) what the concerns are of public acceptance of drones in healthcare. A qualitative approach with demographic questions such as participants' age, education level, current knowledge of drones, as well as willingness to learn about the technology was used. The contribution is to have an understanding of how the public perceives drones. The results can be used in enhancing public views of drones through skilled personnel and an educated workforce. In a conservative community such as Saudi Arabia, the public holds a relatively positive attitude towards drones. Respondents are aware of such technology from different sources, mainly TV news. Informants also did show a decent level of perceived beneficial usage of drones in healthcare. There are few participants who disclosed concerns of safety, security, and privacy for the usage of drones in healthcare due to a lack of knowledge about the technology. The results propose that government and industry stakeholders should invest more in increasing public awareness of technology. Media coverage will likely influence the public view and help the community move forward.
High cardiovascular risk in older patients with opioid use disorder: Differences with the general population
Authors: Vallecillo Gabriel , Pedro‐Botet Juan , Fernandez Silvia , Román Irene , Elosua Roberto , Camps Anna , Torrens Marta , Marrugat Jaume 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular disease is a health concern in ageing population with opioid use disorders (OUD). The study aims to analyse the cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with OUD.MethodsAn observational study was carried out to compare cardiovascular risk factors of adults >50 years with OUD on methadone therapy from public outpatient drug treatment centres, with that of an age‐ and gender‐matched sample (ratio of 1:5) of subjects from a sample of the Spanish population (REGICOR cohort). High cardiovascular risk (HCVR) at 10 years was defined according to Framingham‐REGICOR and SCORE risk functions.ResultsThe individuals studied included 94 people with OUD and 495 from the general population; the mean age was 55.7 ± 4.8 years and 432 (72.7%) were men. Obesity (21.2% vs. 35.2%), hypertension (26.3% vs. 42.1%), total cholesterol (30.3% vs. 65.4%) and LDL‐cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL (27.2% vs. 59.3%) were significantly more prevalent in the general population group, while tobacco smoking (96.0% vs. 25.9%), low HDL‐cholesterol (46.5% vs. 21.2%), hypertriglyceridaemia (39.4% vs. 18.8%) and atherogenic dyslipidaemia (30.3% vs. 10.5%) were significantly higher in individuals with OUD. Differences in abdominal obesity (62.6% vs. 65.3%) were not significant. HCVR was more prevalent in patients with OUD: 15.2% versus 5.8% (Framingham‐REGICOR function) and 21.2% versus 11.3% (SCORE function).Discussion and ConclusionsOlder adults with OUD on methadone therapy have a different prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and HCVR than the general population. Preventive measures, particularly tobacco smoking cessation and weight control, should be included in the routine care of individuals with OUD.
An observational approach for exploring variability in young children's regulation‐related skills within classroom contexts
Authors: McCoy Dana Charles , Koepp Andrew E. , Jones Stephanie M. , Bodrova Elena , Leong Deborah J. , Deaver Abigail Hemenway 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrior work has conceptualized children's executive function and self‐regulation skills as relatively stable across short periods of time. Grounded in long‐standing contextual theories of human development, this study introduces a new observational tool for measuring children's regulatory skills across different naturally occurring situations within early childhood classrooms. Using 460 observations of 91 children (M age = 5.54 years) in 16 socio‐demographically diverse Prekindergarten and Kindergarten classrooms, we found that this tool—the Regulation‐Related Skills Measure (RRSM)—reliably captured observed dimensions of young children's attention control and inhibitory control, but failed to appropriately represent more “internal” regulatory processes (e.g., working memory). Associations between the RRSM and other measures of children's executive function and self‐regulation (i.e., direct assessments, adult reports) were low to moderate (r = 0.03 to 0.44), suggesting these tools are likely to be complementary in that they provide overlapping but ultimately distinct information regarding children's regulatory performance. Finally, results suggested substantial within‐child variation in regulatory behaviors across different situations within the classroom, with the same children demonstrating consistently stronger attention control and inhibitory control during transitions than during either teacher‐ or student‐directed activities. These findings underscore the situationally‐dependent nature of children's self‐regulatory performance, with implications for both theory and practice. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in more diverse, representative samples of children.