bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total isostatic response to the complete unloading of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
Authors: Paxman Guy J. G. , Austermann Jacqueline , Hollyday Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe land surface beneath the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets is isostatically suppressed by the mass of the overlying ice. Accurate computation of the land elevation in the absence of ice is important when considering, for example, regional geodynamics, geomorphology, and ice sheet behaviour. Here, we use contemporary compilations of ice thickness and lithospheric effective elastic thickness to calculate the fully re-equilibrated isostatic response of the solid Earth to the complete removal of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. We use an elastic plate flexure model to compute the isostatic response to the unloading of the modern ice sheet loads, and a self-gravitating viscoelastic Earth model to make an adjustment for the remaining isostatic disequilibrium driven by ice mass loss since the Last Glacial Maximum. Feedbacks arising from water loading in areas situated below sea level after ice sheet removal are also taken into account. In addition, we quantify the uncertainties in the total isostatic response associated with a range of elastic and viscoelastic Earth properties. We find that the maximum change in bed elevation following full re-equilibration occurs over the centre of the landmasses and is +783 m in Greenland and +936 m in Antarctica. By contrast, areas around the ice margins experience up to 123 m of lowering due to a combination of sea level rise, peripheral bulge collapse, and water loading. The computed isostatic response fields are openly accessible and have a number of applications for studying regional geodynamics, landscape evolution, cryosphere dynamics, and relative sea level change.
Resilience to suicidal behavior in young adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Jin , Wong Iana , Christensen Helen , Batterham Philip J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite decades of research on suicide risk factors in young people, there has been no significant improvement in our understanding of this phenomenon. This study adopts a positive deviance approach to identify individuals with suicide resilience and to describe their associated psychological and sociodemographic profiles. Australian young adults aged 18–25 years with suicidal thoughts (N = 557) completed an online survey covering sociodemographic, mental health status, emotion regulatory and suicide-related domains. Latent class analysis was used to identify the individuals with suicide resilience. The predictors of suicide resilience were assessed using logistic regression models. The results suggested that one in ten (n = 55) met the criteria for suicide resilience. Factors that had a significant association with suicide resilience included greater cognitive flexibility, greater self-efficacy in expressing positive affect, reduced use of digital technology and less self-harm and substance use as a response to emotional distress. This study identified the factors that may protect young adults with suicidal thoughts from progressing to suicide attempts. Suicide prevention programs might be optimised by shifting from a deficit-based to a strength-based approach through promoting cognitive flexibility, self-efficacy and reducing maladaptive coping.
Baseline predictors of in-hospital mortality after acute traumatic spinal cord injury: data from a level I trauma center
Authors: Blex Christian , Kreutzträger Martin , Ludwig Johanna , Nowak Claus Peter , Schwab Jan M. , Lübstorf Tom , Ekkernkamp Axel , Kopp Marcel A. , Liebscher Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComorbidity scores are important predictors of in-hospital mortality after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI), but the impact of specific pre-existing diseases is unknown. This retrospective cohort study aims at identifying relevant comorbidities and explores the influence of end-of-life decisions. In-hospital mortality of all patients admitted to the study center after acute tSCI from 2011 to 2017 was assessed. A conditional inference tree analysis including baseline data, injury characteristics, and Charlson Comorbidity Index items was used to identify crucial predictors. End-of-life decisions were recorded. Three-hundred-twenty-one patients were consecutively enrolled. The median length of stay was 95.7 days (IQR 56.8–156.0). During inpatient care, 20 patients (6.2%) died. These patients were older (median: 79.0 (IQR 74.7–83.2) vs. 55.5 (IQR 41.4–72.3) years) and had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (median: 4.0 (IQR 1.75–5.50) vs. 0.0 (IQR 0.00–1.00)) compared to survivors. Pre-existing kidney or liver disease were identified as relevant predictors of in-hospital mortality. End-of-life decisions were observed in 14 (70.0%) cases. The identified impairment of kidney and liver, important for drug metabolism and elimination, points to the need of careful decisions on pharmaceutical treatment regimens after tSCI. Appropriate reporting of end-of-life decisions is required for upcoming studies.
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in individuals with recent-onset psychosis at disease onset and after 1-year follow-up
Authors: Alonso Yolanda , Miralles Carmen , Algora M. José , Valiente-Pallejà Alba , Sánchez-Gistau Vanessa , Muntané Gerard , Labad Javier , Vilella Elisabet , Martorell Lourdes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of parameters encompassing the most dangerous heart attack risk factors, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is highly prevalent in recent-onset psychosis (ROP) patients. In this pilot study, we evaluated MetS parameters (fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting triglycerides, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure), clinical symptoms, pharmacological treatment, lifestyle, and inflammatory markers in 69 patients with ROP and 61 healthy controls (HCs). At baseline, waist circumference (p = 0.005) and fasting triglycerides (p = 0.007) were higher in patients with ROP than in HCs. At the 1-year follow-up, patients showed clinical improvement, with a reduction in the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) score (p < 0.001), dietary intake (p = 0.001), and antipsychotic medication dose (p < 0.001); however, fasting glucose (p = 0.011), HDL-c (p = 0.013) and waist circumference worsened (p < 0.001). We identified sex, age, BMI, dietary intake, physical activity, daily tobacco use, daily cannabis use, and antipsychotic doses as risk factors contributing to baseline MetS parameters. After 1-year follow-up, those factors plus the PANSS and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) scores were associated with MetS parameters. Further studies are needed to understand the contributions of the studied risk factors in patients with ROP at onset and during disease progression.
p63 silencing induces epigenetic modulation to enhance human cardiac fibroblast to cardiomyocyte-like differentiation
Authors: Pinnamaneni Jaya Pratap , Singh Vivek P. , Kim Mary B. , Ryan Christopher T. , Pugazenthi Aarthi , Sanagasetti Deepthi , Mathison Megumi , Yang Jianchang , Rosengart Todd K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDirect cell reprogramming represents a promising new myocardial regeneration strategy involving in situ transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes. Adult human cells are relatively resistant to reprogramming, however, likely because of epigenetic restraints on reprogramming gene activation. We hypothesized that modulation of the epigenetic regulator gene p63 could improve the efficiency of human cell cardio-differentiation. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significantly increased expression of a panel of cardiomyocyte marker genes in neonatal rat and adult rat and human cardiac fibroblasts treated with p63 shRNA (shp63) and the cardio-differentiation factors Hand2/Myocardin (H/M) versus treatment with Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 (GMT) with or without shp63 (p < 0.001). FACS analysis demonstrated that shp63+ H/M treatment of human cardiac fibroblasts significantly increased the percentage of cells expressing the cardiomyocyte marker cTnT compared to GMT treatment with or without shp63 (14.8% ± 1.4% versus 4.3% ± 1.1% and 3.1% ± 0.98%, respectively; p < 0.001). We further demonstrated that overexpression of the p63—transactivation inhibitory domain (TID) interferes with the physical interaction of p63 with the epigenetic regulator HDAC1 and that human cardiac fibroblasts treated with p63-TID+ H/M demonstrate increased cardiomyocyte marker gene expression compared to cells treated with shp63+ H/M (p < 0.05). Whereas human cardiac fibroblasts treated with GMT alone failed to contract in co-culture experiments, human cardiac fibroblasts treated with shp63+ HM or p63-TID+ H/M demonstrated calcium transients upon electrical stimulation and contractility synchronous with surrounding neonatal cardiomyocytes. These findings demonstrate that p63 silencing provides enhanced rat and human cardiac fibroblast transdifferentiation into induced cardiomyocytes compared to a standard reprogramming strategy. p63-TID overexpression may be a useful reprogramming strategy for overcoming epigenetic barriers to human fibroblast cardio-differentiation.
Associations of cognitive dysfunction with motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kwon Kyum-Yil , Park Suyeon , Kim Rae On , Lee Eun Ji , Lee Mina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare motor and non-motor symptoms between de novo patients with PD with and without MCI. Moreover, detailed relationships between each cognitive deficit and other clinical characteristics in de novo patients with PD were investigated. Consecutive patients with de novo PD were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Motor symptoms were assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part-III and the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage. Non-motor symptoms including depression, anxiety, fatigue, and autonomic dysfunction were measured using representative questionnaires. Motor symptoms, depression, and dysautonomia were associated with MCI in de novo patients with PD. Compared with the non-MCI group with PD, the MCI group with PD had higher scores of UPDRS-III, HY stage, depression, and dysautonomia, but not fatigue or anxiety. Both UPDRS-III and HY stage were significantly linked to all cognitive deficits except attention. Logistic regression analysis showed that depression was associated with memory, visuospatial, and executive impairment, and dysautonomia was related to visuospatial and executive impairment. The results of this study suggest that cognitive impairment in PD might have a different relationship pattern to the motor and some non-motor symptoms.
Recurrent neural network based high-precision position compensation control of magnetic levitation system
Authors: Huang Zhiwen , Zhu Jianmin , Shao Jiajie , Wei Zhouxiang , Tang Jiawei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor improving the dynamic quality and steady-state performance, the hybrid controller based on recurrent neural network (RNN) is designed to implement the position control of the magnetic levitation ball system in this study. This hybrid controller consists of a baseline controller, an RNN identifier, and an RNN controller. In the hybrid controller, the baseline controller based on the control law of proportional-integral-derivative is firstly employed to provide the online learning sample and maintain the system stability at the early control phase. Then, the RNN identifier is trained online to learn the accurate inverse model of the controlled object. Next, the RNN controller shared the same structures and parameters with the RNN identifier is applied to add the precise compensation control quantity in real-time. Finally, the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed hybrid control strategy are comprehensively validated by the simulation and experimental tests of tracking step, square, sinusoidal, and trapezoidal signals. The results indicate that the RNN-based hybrid controller can obtain higher precision and faster adjustment than the comparison controllers and has strong anti-interference ability and robustness.
Safety and tolerability of intravitreal cetuximab in young and adult rabbits
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Khakimov Dinar A. , Gilemzianova Leisan I. , Miniazeva Liana A. , Tuliakova Azaliia M. , Fakhretdinova Albina A. , Kazakbaev Renat A. , Nuriev Ildar F. , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo assess safety and tolerability of intraocularly applied cetuximab as epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, we conducted the experimental study which consisted of groups of adult rabbits (body weight: 2.4 kg) and young rabbits (body weight: 1.6 kg). All animals received three intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg cetuximab (Erbitux) (0.10 mL; 5 mg cetuximab/mL) into their right eyes in 4-week intervals, while the contralateral eyes received intravitreal injections of Ringer's solution. All animals underwent regular ophthalmological examinations at baseline and two-week intervals. Four weeks after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed, and the eyes were enucleated, fixed and examined by light microscopy. The study included 10 adult rabbits (age: 18 weeks; range: 17–19 weeks) and 8 young rabbits (age: 8 weeks; range: 7–10 weeks). Biometric measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness and intraocular pressure readings did not differ significantly (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) between the right (study) eyes and the left (control) eyes, neither in the young nor in the adult rabbit group. Signs of intraocular inflammation or fundus peculiarities were not detected. Thickness of the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, combined outer and inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, and total retina, measured at the posterior pole, posterior pole/equator midpoint, equator, and ora serrata region, did not vary significantly between study eyes and control eyes (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). The results suggest that repeated intravitreal application of cetuximab did not result in any detected intraocular toxic or destructive effect in young and adult rabbits, concurring with the notion of an intraocular tolerability of cetuximab.
Rickettsia helvetica infection is associated with microbiome modulation in Ixodes ricinus collected from humans in Serbia
Authors: Maitre Apolline , Wu-Chuang Alejandra , Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Foucault-Simonin Angélique , Moutailler Sara , Paoli Jean-Christophe , Falchi Alessandra , Díaz-Sánchez Adrian A. , Banović Pavle , Obregón Dasiel , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRickettsia helvetica is an emerging pathogen of the Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia (SFGR) causing spotted fever diseases in various European countries. This tick-borne pathogen replicates in tick tissues such as the midgut and salivary gland, but its potential interactions with the vector microbiota is poorly characterized. The vector microbiome plays a pivotal role in tick-pathogen interactions, and some microbiota members facilitate or impede tick-borne pathogen infection. Manipulations of the tick microbiome have led to reduction in pathogen colonization in the tick vector. However, translating these findings into disease control applications requires a thorough characterization of vector microbiota response to different pathogens. In this study, we analyzed and compared the microbiota of Ixodes ricinus ticks attached on humans and collected in Serbia. Ticks were either infected with R. helvetica, or uninfected with major tick-borne pathogens (referred hereafter as ‘pathogen-free’). We used microbial co-occurrence network analysis to determine keystone taxa of each set of samples, and to study the interaction patterns of the microbial communities in response to pathogen infection. The inferred functional profiles of the tick microbiome in R. helvetica-positive and pathogen-free samples were also compared. Our results show that R. helvetica infection reduces significantly the diversity of the microbiota and the connectivity of the co-occurrence network. In addition, using co-occurrence network we identified bacterial taxa (i.e., Enterobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Bacillus) that were negatively associated with ‘Rickettsia’ in R. helvetica-infected ticks, suggesting competition between R. helvetica and some members of the tick microbiota. The reconstruction of microbial metabolic pathways shows that the presence of R. helvetica might have a major impact on the metabolic functions of the tick microbiome. These results can inform novel interventions for the prevention of R. helvetica, or other SFGR infections in humans.
The qualitative analysis of the nexus dynamics in the Pekalongan coastal area, Indonesia
Authors: Khairulbahri Muhamad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral studies investigated the dynamics of coastal areas, investigating some issues such as sea-level rise, floods, and water scarcity. Despite existing studies discussing coastal areas, there are limited studies investigating Asian coastal areas and their proposed solutions may not overcome extreme events. This study investigates the dynamics of the Pekalongan coastal area, Central Java, Indonesia. Despite efforts such as the development of dikes and groundwater pumping, people in Pekalongan have currently experienced more frequent floods and land subsidence that have led to larger inundated areas and people migration. Using the system archetypes, this study shows that the coastal area consists of renowned nexus elements (water, land, and food) and less recognized nexus elements (health and wellbeing). This means that changes in one nexus element may threaten other nexus elements, exacerbating problems in the observed system. For instance, unsustainable nexus actions such as overexploited groundwater tend to increase flooded areas, threatening people health, and inducing people migration. The system archetypes also show that the coastal area consists of Limits to Growth structures. As such, growth engines such as land-use change and groundwater pumping should be managed or restricted properly. Managing growth engines can prevent us from natural disasters such as floods and water scarcity. Likewise, as the system archetypes describe generic patterns and solutions, some findings of this study can be useful for the other coastal areas.
An intersectional approach to identifying factors associated with anxiety and depression following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Seens Hoda , Lu Ze , Fraser James , MacDermid Joy C. , Walton David M. , Grewal Ruby 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is impacting mental health, with some populations bearing a greater burden. In this cross-sectional online study, we examined the personal and intersectional factors associated with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression following the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed pre- and post-pandemic levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales, respectively. The study included 1847 participants, with an age range of 18 to 79 years and representing 43 countries. Variables with significance (p < 0.05) in predicting post-pandemic GAD-2 and PHQ-9 scores were pre-pandemic scores on the same scales, an interaction between increasing age and non-man gender, and an interaction between non-man gender and having children. Health practitioners, psychiatrists, and policy makers need to be aware and respond to the mental health burden of the pandemic on women and other gendered individuals, especially those who care for children.
Two-dimensional B$$_2$$C as a potential anode material for Mg-ion batteries with extremely high theoretical capacity
Authors: Kasprzak Grzegorz T. , Durajski Artur P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of new high-capacity anode materials using ions other than lithium as a charge carrier is one of the essential strategies in searching for next-generation high-performance rechargeable batteries. Herein, using first-principles computations, we explore a B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer as a potential anode material for Mg-ion batteries. The high stability of the free-standing B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer has been demonstrated via calculating the adsorption energy, phonon dispersion, and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. The metallic character of the B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer, desirable from the point of view of energy storage, ensures good electronic conductivity during the battery charge/discharge process. The calculated migration energy barrier, open-circuit voltage, and theoretical specific capacity of the B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer are much better than those of some other two-dimensional materials. These findings provide the B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer as a potential candidate for Mg-ion battery anode material with a high theoretical specific capacity of 3187.55 mAh/g.
Application of multiplex amplicon deep-sequencing (MAD-seq) to screen for putative drug resistance markers in the Necator americanus isotype-1 β-tubulin gene
Authors: George Santosh , Suwondo Peter , Akorli Jewelna , Otchere Joseph , Harrison Lisa M. , Bilguvar Kaya , Knight James R. , Humphries Debbie , Wilson Michael D. , Caccone Adalgisa , Cappello Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobal control of hookworm infections relies on periodic Mass Drug Administration of benzimidazole drugs to high-risk groups, regardless of infection status. Mutations in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene have been identified in veterinary nematodes, resulting in structural changes and reduced drug-binding. In Ghana, previous studies have demonstrated significant variability in albendazole effectiveness among people infected with the hookworm Necator americanus, although the mechanisms underlying deworming response have not been defined. Using hookworm egg samples from a cross-sectional study in Ghana, we developed a multiplex amplicon deep sequencing (MAD-seq) method to screen genomic regions encapsulating putative drug-resistance markers in N. americanus isotype-1 β-tubulin gene. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to resistance-associated mutations (F167Y, E198A, F200Y) within the coding region of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene were characterized using MAD-seq in 30 matched pre- and post-treatment samples from individuals with persistent infection following therapy. Post-sequence analysis showed that the highest mean alternative nucleotide allele at each PCR amplicon was 0.034% (167amplicon) and 0.025% (198/200amplicon), suggesting minimal allelic variation. No samples contained the F167Y SNP, while one contained low-frequency reads associated with E198A (3.15%) and F200Y (3.13%). This MAD-seq method provides a highly sensitive tool to monitor the three putative benzimidazole resistance markers at individual and community levels. Further work is required to understand the association of these polymorphisms to treatment response.