bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma amplifies dementia risk: Evidence from CSF biomarkers and cognitive decline
Authors: Nair Ajay Kumar , Van Hulle Carol A. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Wild Norbert , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Suridjan Ivonne , Busse William W. , Rosenkranz Melissa A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionEvidence from epidemiology, neuroimaging, and animal models indicates that asthma adversely affects the brain, but the nature and extent of neuropathophysiological impact remain unclear.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that asthma is a risk factor for dementia by comparing cognitive performance and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of glial activation/neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in 60 participants with asthma to 315 non‐asthma age‐matched control participants (45–93 years), in a sample enriched for AD risk.ResultsParticipants with severe asthma had higher neurogranin concentrations compared to controls and those with mild asthma. Positive relationships between cardiovascular risk and concentrations of neurogranin and α‐synuclein were amplified in severe asthma. Severe asthma also amplified the deleterious associations that apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status, cardiovascular risk, and phosphorylated tau181/amyloid beta42 have with rate of cognitive decline.DiscussionOur data suggest that severe asthma is associated with synaptic degeneration and may compound risk for dementia posed by cardiovascular disease and genetic predisposition.HighlightsThose with severe asthma showed evidence of higher dementia risk than controls evidenced by:

higher levels of the synaptic degeneration biomarker neurogranin regardless of cognitive status, cardiovascular or genetic risk, and controlling for demographics.
steeper increase in levels of synaptic degeneration biomarkers neurogranin and α‐synuclein with increasing cardiovascular risk.
accelerated cognitive decline with higher cardiovascular risk, genetic predisposition, or pathological tau.
Monomeric C‐reactive protein induces the cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gan Qini , Wong Alfred , Zhang Zhengrong , Na Hana , Tian Hua , Tao Qiushan , Rajab Ibraheem M. , Potempa Lawrence A. , Qiu Wei Qiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHuman study shows that elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) in blood impacts apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, but not APOE ε3 or APOE ε2, genotype to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether CRP is directly involved in cellular AD pathogenesis and in which type of neuronal cells of APOE ε4 carriers are unknown.MethodsWe aimed to use different primary neuronal cells and investigate if CRP induces cellular AD pathology depending on APOE genotypes. Here the different primary neuronal cells from the different APOE genotype knock‐in mice cortex were isolated and used.ResultsMonomeric CRP (mCRP) increased amyloid beta production and, in parallel, induced tau phosphorylation in addition to their related proteins in the primary neurons in a pattern of APOE ε4 > APOE ε3 > APOE ε2 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Consistently, mCRP induced the staining of other neurodegenerative biomarkers, including Fluoro‐Jade B stain (FjB), TUNEL and Cleaved Caspase‐3, in primary neurons in a similar pattern of APOE ε4 > APOE ε3 > APOE ε2. In contrast, pentameric CRP (pCRP) had a tendency to induce cellular AD pathology but did not reach statistical significance. On the other hand, it is intriguing that regardless of APOE genotype, mCRP did not influence the expressions of Iba‐1 and CD68 in primary microglia or the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in primary astrocytes, and additionally mCRP did not affect the secretions of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α from these cells.DiscussionThis is the first report to demonstrate that mCRP directly induces cellular AD pathogenesis in neurons in an APOE genotype‐dependent pattern, suggesting that mCRP plays a role as a mediator involved in the APOE ε4‐related pathway for AD during chronic inflammation.Highlights
Pentameric C‐reactive protein (pCRP) can be dissociated irreversibly to form free subunits or monomeric CRP (mCRP) during and after the acute phase.
mCRP increased amyloid beta production in the primary neurons in a pattern of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 > APOE ε3 > APOE ε2 in a dose‐dependent manner.
mCRP induced the expression of phosphorylated tau in the primary neurons in a pattern of APOE ε4 > APOE ε3 > APOE ε2 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner.
mCRP plays an important mediator role in the APOE ε4‐related pathway of Alzheimer's disease risk.
Using systemic serum amyloid A as a biomarker for synovial structure infections in horses with acute limb wounds
Authors: Müller Anke‐Charlotte , Büttner Kathrin , Röcken Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn postoperative monitoring of synovial structure infection due to limb wounds, early recognition of a recurrence of synovial infection is indispensable to prevent further damage to the affected synovial structure. This study evaluated the role of serum amyloid A (SAA) as a systemic biomarker in disease monitoring and correlated this tool with clinical variables.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 55 horses with acute limb wounds were divided into two groups: those with (group 1,n = 26) or without (group 2,n = 29) a diagnosis of synovial structure penetration. SAA, lameness and body temperature were evaluated repeatedly and compared between groups. Correlations were explored between SAA and body temperature as well as lameness. The long‐term outcome was also analysed.ResultsIn both groups, SAA levels followed the characteristic rise‐and‐fall pattern observed in previous studies, with a significant increase up to a peak concentration within 48 hours, followed by a constant decline. Lameness and body temperature did not change significantly. SAA was not found to correlate with clinical variables at all time points. Three horses in group 1 had a recurrence of synovial sepsis with an associated increase in SAA. The long‐term outcome was good. A total of 71% of the study population returned to pre‐injury performance levels.ConclusionRepeated measurements of SAA accurately reflected the course of synovial inflammation and thus provided a reliable and rapidly available tool to monitor the disease course and to adapt the treatment regimen. SAA should be routinely added to the postoperative management of such cases.
Textile damage science—Is it a reliable science?
Authors: Sloan Kate , Fergusson Macarthur , Robertson James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractForensic science has long been used in criminal investigations and the justice system. The standards applied to contemporary forensic practice have changed dramatically in the past decade. Presented here is a modern‐day review of textile damage science in the context of these changing standards, and how they have challenged the presentation of scientific evidence. The prevalence of textile damage examinations is fluctuating in the current forensic environment. Some laboratories are conducting more examinations than ever, and other laboratories are no longer able to conduct examinations due to limitations in resourcing or case numbers. This dynamic landscape will no doubt continue as the occurrence of crime fluctuates throughout and beyond the pandemic affecting the world.This article is categorized under:Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene ReconstructionForensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace EvidenceJurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Higher-group symmetries and weak gravity conjecture mixing
Authors: Kaya Sami , Rudelius Tom 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In four-dimensional axion electrodynamics, a Chern-Simons coupling of the form θF ^ F leads to a higher-group global symmetry between background gauge fields. At the same time, such a Chern-Simons coupling leads to a mixing between the Weak Gravity Conjectures for the axion and the gauge field, so that the charged excitations of a Weak Gravity Conjecture-satisfying axion string will also satisfy the Weak Gravity Conjecture for the gauge field. In this paper, we argue that these higher-group symmetries and this phenomenon of Weak Gravity Conjecture mixing are related to one another. We show that this relationship extends to supergravities in 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 dimensions, so higher-dimensional supergravity is endowed with precisely the structure needed to ensure consistency with emergent higher-group symmetries and with the Weak Gravity Conjecture. We further argue that a similar mixing of Weak Gravity Conjectures can occur in two-term Chern-Simons theories or in theories with kinetic mixing, though the connection with higher-group symmetries here is more tenuous, and accordingly the constraints on effective field theory are not as sharp.
Single inclusive jet production in pA collisions at NLO in the small-x regime
Authors: Liu Hao-yu , Xie Kexin , Kang Zhong-Bo , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present the first complete next-to-leading-order (NLO) prediction with full jet algorithm implementation for the single inclusive jet production in pA collisions at forward rapidities within the color glass condensate (CGC) effective theory. Our prediction is fully differential over the final state physical kinematics, which allows the implementation of any infra-red safe observable including the jet clustering procedure. The NLO calculation is organized with the aid of the observable originated power counting proposed in [1] which gives rise to the novel soft contributions in the CGC factorization. We achieve the fully-differential calculation by constructing suitable subtraction terms to handle the singularities in the real corrections. The subtraction contributions can be exactly integrated analytically. We present the NLO cross section with the jets constructed using the anti-kT algorithm. The NLO calculation demonstrates explicitly the validity of the CGC factorization in jet production. Furthermore, as a byproduct of the subtraction method, we also derive the fully analytic cross section for the forward jet production in the small-R limit. We show that in the small-R approximation, the forward jet cross section can be factorized into a semi-hard cross section that produces a parton and the semi-inclusive jet functions (siJFs). We argue that this feature holds for generic jet production and jet substructure observables in the CGC framework. Last, we show numerical analyses of the derived formula to validate our calculations. We justify when the small-R approximation is appropriate. Like forward hadron production, the obtained NLO result also exhibits the negativity of the cross section in the large jet transverse regime, which signals the need for the threshold resummation. A sketch of the threshold resummation in the CGC framework is presented based on the multiple emission picture and it is found to agree with the approach using the rapidity renormalization group equation developed in [2].
Thermodynamic ensembles with cosmological horizons
Authors: Banihashemi Batoul , Jacobson Ted 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The entropy of a de Sitter horizon was derived long ago by Gibbons and Hawking via a gravitational partition function. Since there is no boundary at which to define the temperature or energy of the ensemble, the statistical foundation of their approach has remained obscure. To place the statistical ensemble on a firm footing we introduce an artificial “York boundary”, with either canonical or microcanonical boundary conditions, as has been done previously for black hole ensembles. The partition function and the density of states are expressed as integrals over paths in the constrained, spherically reduced phase space of pure 3+1 dimensional gravity with a positive cosmological constant. Issues related to the domain and contour of integration are analyzed, and the adopted choices for those are justified as far as possible. The canonical ensemble includes a patch of spacetime without horizon, as well as configurations containing a black hole or a cosmological horizon. We study thermodynamic phases and (in)stability, and discuss an evolving reservoir model that can stabilize the cosmological horizon in the canonical ensemble. Finally, we explain how the Gibbons-Hawking partition function on the 4-sphere can be derived as a limit of well-defined thermodynamic ensembles and, from this viewpoint, why it computes the dimension of the Hilbert space of states within a cosmological horizon.
Freeze-in, glaciation, and UV sensitivity from light mediators
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Kahn Yonatan , Shelton Jessie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Dark matter (DM) freeze-in through a light mediator is an appealing model with excellent detection prospects at current and future experiments. Light mediator freeze-in is UV-insensitive insofar as most DM is produced at late times, and thus the DM abundance does not depend on the unknown early evolution of our universe. However the final DM yield retains a dependence on the initial DM population, which is usually assumed to be exactly zero. We point out that in models with light mediators, the final DM yield will also depend on the initial conditions assumed for the light mediator population. We describe a class of scenarios we call “glaciation” where DM freezing in from the SM encounters a pre-existing thermal bath of mediators, and study the dependence of the final DM yield on the initial temperature of this dark radiation bath. To compute DM scattering rates in this cosmology, we derive for the first time an exact integral expression for the Boltzmann collision term describing interactions between two species at different temperatures. We quantify the dependence of the DM yield on the initial dark temperature and find that it can be sizeable in regions near the traditional (zero initial abundance) freeze-in curve. We generalize the freeze-in curve to a glaciation band, which can extend as much as an order of magnitude below the traditional freeze-in direct detection target, and point out that the DM phase space distribution as well as the yield can be strongly dependent on initial conditions.
Stabilising all Kähler moduli in perturbative LVS
Authors: Leontaris George K. , Shukla Pramod 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work we investigate the moduli stabilisation problem and the requirements for de Sitter vacua within the framework of type IIB string theory. Using perturbative effects arising from the various sources such as α′ corrections, logarithmic as well as KK and winding-type string-loop corrections along with the higher derivative F4-contributions, we present a moduli stabilisation scheme in which the overall volume is realised at exponentially large values such that $$ \left\langle \mathcal{V}\right\rangle \simeq {e}^{a/{g}_s^2} $$

V

≃

e

a
/

g
s
2

in the weak coupling regime, where a is a parameter given as $$ a=\frac{\zeta \left[3\right]}{2\zeta \left[2\right]}\simeq 0.365381 $$
a
=

ζ

3

2
ζ

2

≃
0.365381
. We also present a concrete global construction using a K3-fibred CY threefold with h1,1 = 3 which shares many of its properties with those of the standard toroidal case, and subsequently generates the appropriate corrections needed to fix all the three Kähler moduli at the perturbative level. We further discuss whether de Sitter vacua can be ensured through appropriate contributions of uplifting terms in the effective potential.
NMDA receptor antagonists reduce amyloid-β deposition by modulating calpain-1 signaling and autophagy, rescuing cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice
Authors: Companys-Alemany Júlia , Turcu Andreea L. , Schneider Marion , Müller Christa E. , Vázquez Santiago , Griñán-Ferré Christian , Pallàs Mercè 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOverstimulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is the leading cause of brain excitotoxicity and often contributes to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. This study aimed to evaluate a new NMDA receptor antagonist (UB-ALT-EV) and memantine in 6-month-old female 5XFAD mice that were exposed orally to a chronic low-dose treatment. Behavioral and cognitive tests confirmed better cognitive performance in both treated groups. Calcium-dependent protein calpain-1 reduction was found after UB-ALT-EV treatment but not after memantine. Changes in spectrin breakdown products (SBDP) and the p25/p35 ratio confirmed diminished calpain-1 activity. Amyloid β (Aβ) production and deposition was evaluated in 5XFAD mice and demonstrated a robust effect of NMDAR antagonists on reducing Aβ deposition and the number and size of Thioflavin-S positive plaques. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) active form and phosphorylated tau (AT8) levels were diminished after UB-ALT-EV treatment, revealing tau pathology improvement. Because calpain-1 is involved in autophagy activation, autophagic proteins were studied. Strikingly, results showed changes in the protein levels of unc-51-like kinase (ULK-1), beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3(LC3B-II)/LC3B-I ratio, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) after NMDAR antagonist treatments, suggesting an accumulation of autophagolysosomes in 5XFAD mice, reversed by UB-ALT-EV. Likewise, treatment with UB-ALT-EV recovered a WT mice profile in apoptosis markers Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. In conclusion, our results revealed the potential neuroprotective effect of UB-ALT-EV by attenuating NMDA-mediated apoptosis and reducing Aβ deposition and deposition jointly with the autophagy rescue to finally reduce cognitive alterations in a mice model of familial AD.
How to assess applicability and methodological quality of comparative studies of operative interventions in orthopedic trauma surgery
Authors: Luijken Kim , van de Wall Bryan J. M. , Hooft Lotty , Leenen Luke P. H. , Houwert R. Marijn , Groenwold Rolf H. H. ,   on behalf of the NEXT Study Group
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
It is challenging to generate and subsequently implement high-quality evidence in surgical practice. A first step would be to grade the strengths and weaknesses of surgical evidence and appraise risk of bias and applicability. Here, we described items that are common to different risk-of-bias tools. We explained how these could be used to assess comparative operative intervention studies in orthopedic trauma surgery, and how these relate to applicability of results.

Methods
We extracted information from the Cochrane risk-of-bias-2 (RoB-2) tool, Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies—of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I), and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria and derived a concisely formulated set of items with signaling questions tailored to operative interventions in orthopedic trauma surgery.

Results
The established set contained nine items: population, intervention, comparator, outcome, confounding, missing data and selection bias, intervention status, outcome assessment, and pre-specification of analysis. Each item can be assessed using signaling questions and was explained using good practice examples of operative intervention studies in orthopedic trauma surgery.

Conclusion
The set of items will be useful to form a first judgment on studies, for example when including them in a systematic review. Existing risk of bias tools can be used for further evaluation of methodological quality. Additionally, the proposed set of items and signaling questions might be a helpful starting point for peer reviewers and clinical readers.
Inequity in psychiatric healthcare use in Australia
Authors: Hashmi Rubayyat , Alam Khorshed , Gow Jeff , Alam Khurshid , March Sonja 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite recent substantial mental healthcare reforms to increase the supply of healthcare, mental health inequality in Australia is rising. Understanding of the level of inequity (unmet need gap) in psychiatric service use in Australia’s mixed public–private health care system is lacking.

Objective
To present a novel method to measure inequity in the delivery of psychiatric care.

Methods
Data came from wave 9 (year 2009, n = 11,563) and wave 17 (year 2017, n = 16,194) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Multiple logistic regression was employed to estimate the psychiatric care utilisation compared to its need and the Gini index was used to estimate the standardised distribution of utilisation to measure the extent of inequity.

Results
The results show the inequity indices (need-standardised Gini) in psychiatric care utilisation were significant and found to be 0.066 and 0.096 in 2009 and 2017, respectively, for all individuals. In 2009, the inequity indices were found to be 0.051 and 0.078 for males and females, respectively, and 0.045 and 0.068 for rural and urban residents, respectively. In 2017, the indices were calculated to be 0.081 and 0.109 for males and females, respectively, and 0.086 and 0.097 for rural and urban residents, respectively.

Conclusions
This study showed a marked increase in unmet needs in psychiatric care utilisation since 2009. There is a greater need to develop policies to improve equity in psychiatric care utilisation in Australia.
International migration and the religious schooling of children in the home country: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Khandker Wahedur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates whether international migration increases the religious schooling of children in the home country. I find that migration by a household member from Bangladesh to a Muslim-majority country increases the likelihood that a male child in the household is sent to an Islamic school (madrasa). There is no significant impact on the likelihood of a male child’s madrasa enrollment if the household sends a member to a non-Muslim-majority country. Sending a household member abroad does not affect the likelihood of the household sending children to school at all; it only leads to reallocation toward Islamic schooling. The results are inconsistent with financial remittances underlying the effect of migration on religious schooling. Learning about the potential benefits of madrasa education may explain the results, but there are several weaknesses in the arguments in favor of this mechanism. A third potential mechanism is an increase in religiosity through migrants transferring religious preferences, but I cannot establish a causal relationship between international migration and migrant-sending households’ religiosity.
A few more dissimilarities between second-order arithmetic and set theory
Authors: Fujimoto Kentaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSecond-order arithmetic and class theory are second-order theories of mathematical subjects of foundational importance, namely, arithmetic and set theory. Despite the similarity in appearance, there turned out to be significant mathematical dissimilarities between them. The present paper studies various principles in class theory, from such a comparative perspective between second-order arithmetic and class theory, and presents a few new dissimilarities between them.
Positive logics
Authors: Shelah Saharon , Väänänen Jouko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLindström’s Theorem characterizes first order logic as the maximal logic satisfying the Compactness Theorem and the Downward Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem. If we do not assume that logics are closed under negation, there is an obvious extension of first order logic with the two model theoretic properties mentioned, namely existential second order logic. We show that existential second order logic has a whole family of proper extensions satisfying the Compactness Theorem and the Downward Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem. Furthermore, we show that in the context of negation-less logics,positive logics, as we call them, there is no strongest extension of first order logic with the Compactness Theorem and the Downward Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem.