bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crime Reporting in Chicago: A Comparison of Police and Victim Survey Data, 1999–2018
Authors: Rezey Maribeth L. , Lauritsen Janet L. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives A critical unknown in any jurisdiction is the scope of crime that is not brought to the attention of police. This study provides a unique comparison of Chicago crime rates using both police and victimization survey data. Levels of crime reporting and the reasons victims provide for or against reporting crime to the police are examined. Patterns are compared to those found for other large U.S. cities. Methods Data for Chicago residents from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are used to estimate serious violence and burglary rates, levels of reporting to the police, and residents’ justifications for reporting or not reporting. Levels and trends in NCVS and Chicago Police Department rates of serious violence and burglary are compared. Results The NCVS data show that while Chicago residents typically experience higher rates of these crimes than residents of other large cities, they report these crimes to the police at mostly similar rates. Reasons for and against reporting these crimes to the police are generally similar to victims elsewhere. Conclusions Despite a documented history of distrust in the police, Chicago residents do not appear to have notably lower rates of reporting serious violence or burglary to the police than residents of other large cities.
The Impact of Chronic Illness on the Patient Experience: Results From a Cross-Sectional Comparative Study in a Comprehensive Tertiary Hospital in China
Authors: Zhu Lin-Hong , Ying Qian-Shan , Yang Min , Zhu Ling-Feng , Chen Hai-Xiao 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Improving the satisfaction and medical experience of patients is a basic goal of the comprehensive reform of public hospitals in China. This study aimed to investigate the patient experience and its influencing factors, and to compare medical experiences between patients with and without chronic disease, with a view to providing suggestions for improving the quality of public hospitals in China. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study involving 102 patients discharged from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, a tertiary public hospital in China, was conducted. The patients were invited to participate in a survey comprising the Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire (PPE-15), and an overall satisfaction evaluation (on a scale of 1-10). The patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they had a chronic disease, and the medical experience and overall satisfaction of the groups were compared. Descriptive statistics (frequency, median, mean), chi-square analysis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results: No statistical significance was found in overall satisfaction between patients with and without chronic diseases, but there were differences in the patient experience score. Chronic illness had negative impacts on the experience of care coordination for patients and respect for patient preferences. Of the seven dimensions of the PPE-15, the scores for emotional support and respect for patient preferences were the lowest in both groups, and the item “want to be more involved in decisions made about care and treatment” scored the lowest among all items. Conclusions: Hospital managers and staff members should pay more attention to the emotional support and preferences of patients. For patients with chronic diseases, the standardization of medical care and patient participation in the medical process should be strengthened. Hospitals should also subdivide patient groups, ascertain the demands and expectations of patients, and carry out targeted evaluation and intervention measures.
Differential hypoxemia and the clinical significance of venous drainage position during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Falk Lars , Hultman Jan , Broman Lars M 
Published: May 2022

Differential hypoxemia (DH) has been recognized as a clinical problem during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) although its features and consequences have not been fully elucidated. This single center retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients manifesting DH as well as the impact of repositioning the drainage point from the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the superior vena cava to alleviate DH. All patients (>15 years) commenced on VA ECMO at our center between 2009 and 2020 were screened. Of 472 eligible patients seven were identified with severe DH. All patients had the drainage cannula tip in the IVC or at the junction between the IVC and right atrium. The mean peripheral capillary saturation increased from 54 (±6.6) to 86 (±6.6) %, ( p = <0.001) after repositioning of the cannula. Pre-oxygenator saturation increased from 62 (±8.9) % prior to adjustment to 74 (±3.7) %, ( p = 0.016) after repositioning. Plasma lactate tended to decrease within 24 h after adjustment. Five patients (71%) survived ECMO treatment, to discharge from hospital, and were alive at 1-year follow-up. Although DH has been described in several studies, the condition has not been investigated in a clinical setting comparing the effect on upper body saturation before and after repositioning of the drainage cannula. This study shows that moving the drainage zone into the upper part of the body has a marked positive effect on upper body saturation in patients with DH.
Improving data adequacy of ultrasonography reports for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a national structured template
Authors: Seyedhasani Seyedeh Nahid , Dorri Sara , Pournik Omid , Alamdaran Seyed Ali , Eslami Saeid 
Published: May 2022

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent disorder that increases due to lifestyle, the rising rate of obesity, and population ages worldwide. Diagnostic ways, including sonography, do not have an explicit reporting structure. Purpose To create a structure template for NAFLD reporting, investigate its completeness, and assess the specialist opinions of using it in clinical practice. Material and Methods A structured reporting template (SRT) was designed and implemented in four stages. At first, important features were extracted from a comprehensive literature review and were evaluated by 10 radiologists and gastroenterologists using the Likert scale. Finally, the usefulness of the SRT in comparison with the conventional reporting template (CRT) was judged by 10 gastroenterologists completing the questionnaire. Results Demographic information and sonography of the liver, gallbladder, and spleen organs were the most critical features. The completeness scores of SRT reports were higher than CRT scores for almost all the factors studied. The difference in the scores was significant for most of the parameters. Moreover, the total completeness score increased from 42% in CRT to 92% in SRT. A comparison of the report adequacy of two reports was seen in all items. The SRT obtained more rates from specialists. Conclusion Introduction of the SRT for NAFLD significantly enhanced the completeness of reporting to reduce variability in the interpretation of the related reports by clinicians. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to generalize the results in real scales for patients with NAFLD.
Resilience and Mental Health Among Regularly and Intermittently Active Older Adults: Results From a Four-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wermelinger Ávila Maria Priscila , Corrêa Jimilly Caputo , Zaidem Maria Clara de Castro Furtado , Passos Matheus Venancio , Sena Lomba Vasconcelos Ana Paula , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: May 2022

Background: This study aims to investigate whether regularly active individuals have different levels of mental health and resilience compared to intermittently active individuals. Methods: In this 4-year longitudinal study, 180 older people were included. General linear models were used to assess the level of physical activity, psychological resilience, and mental health among regularly and intermittently active older adults. Results: Those who maintained regular physical activity were more resilient than those who did not. However, no differences were observed for mental health outcomes. Although those with higher levels of resilience had fewer mental health problems, there were no significant differences between the groups based on their level of physical activity. Conclusion: Differences in resilience levels favoring regularly active individuals were found. In both groups, resilience was inversely associated with mental health problems. These findings may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes.
The relationship between toluene diisocyanate exposure and respiratory health problems: A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
Authors: Antoniou Evangelia E , Zeegers Maurice P 
Published: May 2022

Human epidemiological studies have shown inconclusive results over the effects of diisocyanates on respiratory health problems. A meta-analysis combined evidence on the association between occupational asthma (OA), respiratory function, and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) inhalation exposure. Sixty-one articles on occupational toluene diisocyanate exposure were identified via two databases. Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the studies. Odds ratios (ORasthma) for the association between TDI exposure compared to non-exposure and OA were calculated. The difference in mean differences (MD) of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and the annual mean change differences—in milliliters per year (mL/yr)—in FEV1 and FVC pulmonary function between TDI exposed and non-exposed, were calculated. When applicable, a random effects meta-analysis was performed. The overall summary ORasthma for TDI exposed versus non-exposed was 1.18 (95% CI = 0.78–1.79). The summary of the predicted mean percentage difference (MD%predicted) between exposed versus non-exposed was 2.96% for FEV1 and 3.75% for FVC. A very small decrease of 5 mL/yr for FEV1 and 10 mL/yr for FVC, respectively, was observed between the exposed and the non-exposed groups. There was moderate to low heterogeneity between study results, and most studies were evaluated as high-quality. This meta-analysis found no statistically significant adverse association between TDI occupational exposure and OA. No meaningful differences in lung function were detected between exposed and unexposed groups.
A Comparison of the Timing of Hand Expressing of Human Milk With Breast Massage to Standard Care for Mothers of Preterm Infants: An Exploratory Pilot Using a Randomized Controlled Design
Authors: Anderson Loretta A. , Kildea Sue , Lee Nigel , Kynoch Kathryn , Gao Yu 
Published: May 2022

Background: Globally, 10% of all births are preterm. Access to human milk via manual breast expression is required to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes related to prematurity. However, there is little evidence to recommend optimum timing to commence breast expression in mothers of preterm infants or the most effective method. Research Aims: (1) To test feasibility of recruitment and compliance to the protocol and (2) to determine influence of using hand expressing and breast massage on milk production, engorgement, mastitis, and breastfeeding status at 3 months. Methods: This study was an exploratory parallel two-group, pilot randomized controlled trial. Mothers of preterm infants at a metropolitan maternity hospital in Queensland Australia ( N = 31) were randomized to receive either hand expressing and breast massage within the 1st hr of birth or standard care, hand expressing within 6 hr of birth, to determine the influence on milk production, engorgement, mastitis, and breastfeeding status at 3 months. Results: Feasibility targets were not met; however, valuable learning from this trial uncovered barriers facing midwives in the birth suite to commencing expressing in the 1st hr of birth. There was no difference in occurrence of secondary outcomes, although trends support future study. Conclusions: Overall, unpredictability of preterm birth influenced our ability to recruit participants. Important directions for future study design would benefit from incorporating expressing times up to 6 hr with a replicable breast massage.
Establishing a core outcome measure for life participation in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: A Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology–Peritoneal Dialysis consensus workshop report
Authors: Cheetham Melissa S , Wilkie Martin , Loud Fiona , Manera Karine E , Ju Angela , Figueiredo Ana , Farragher Janine , Hurst Helen , Jassal Sarbjit V , Mehrotra Rajnish , Morton Rachael L , Schwartz Daniel , Shen Jenny I , Walker Rachael , Cho Yeoungjee , Johnson David W , Craig Jonathan C , Anumudu Samaya , Baumgart Amanda , Gonzalez Andrea Matus , Scholes-Robertson Nicole , Viecelli Andrea K , Tong Allison ,   On behalf of the SONG-PD Life Participation Workshop Investigators
Published: May 2022

Background: Life participation is an outcome of critical importance to patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, there is no widely accepted or validated tool for measuring life participation in patients receiving PD. Methods: Online consensus workshop to identify the essential characteristics of life participation as a core outcome, with the goal of establishing a patient-reported outcome measure for use in all trials in patients receiving PD. Thematic analysis of transcripts was performed. Results: Fifty-six participants, including 17 patients and caregivers, from 15 countries convened via online videoconference. Four themes were identified: reconfiguring expectations of daily living (accepting day-to-day fluctuation as the norm, shifting thresholds of acceptability, preserving gains in flexibility and freedom), ensuring broad applicability and interpretability (establishing cross-cultural relevance, incorporating valued activities, distinguishing unmodifiable barriers to life participation), capturing transitions between modalities and how they affect life participation (responsive to trajectory towards stable, reflecting changes with dialysis transitions) and maximising feasibility of implementation (reducing completion burden, administrable with ease and flexibility). Conclusions: There is a need for a validated, generalisable outcome measure for life participation in patients receiving PD. Feasibility, including length of time to complete and flexible mode of delivery, are important to allow implementation in all trials that include patients receiving PD.
Microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of AA6061/WC nanocomposite fabricated by friction stir processing
Authors: Megahed A.A. , Mohamed Mostafa A , Abdel Hamid M. , Zoalfakar Said H 
Published: May 2022

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state microstructural modification technique that has recently become an effective tool to refine microstructures and improve the mechanical properties of metals. In the current study, optimization of FSP parameters, including tool rotational speed, transverse feed, number of passes, and tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticle volume fractions on mechanical and wear properties of the fabricated AA6061/WC nanocomposite was studied. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used for microstructural observations. The process parameters are optimized using the Taguchi technique for single responses towards microhardness and weight loss and the Desirability approach for both responses. The percentage contribution of process parameters is estimated using analysis of variance. The microstructure observation shows that the proper selection of FSP parameters leads to a homogeneous dispersion of the WC particles throughout the matrix, thereby producing a defect-free AA6061/WC nanocomposite without voids. Also, the severe plastic deformation and heat generation during FSP cause the breaking of coarse particles, WC particles, and porous holes and create an ultrafine grain-sized structure via dynamic recrystallization. The results indicated that the microhardness value of the processed composite was found to be 144 VHN, which is 39.81% higher than that of the base metal. Also, the weight loss of all samples decreased as compared to the base metal. Also, it can be observed that the number of passes is the most significant factor for microhardness, with a 40.1% contribution, and for minimum weight loss, the volume fraction is the most significant factor, with a 56.94% contribution. The optimum process parameter combination was found to be 1800 rpm rotation speed, 120 mm/min of transverse feed, 6% volume fraction, and 3 passes that resulted in obtaining optimum values for micro hardness and weight loss. The surface composite developed in this research is considered a suitable material for applications demanding lightweight and enhanced surface properties, including automotive, aerospace, marine, defense, and transportation industries.
Enhanced energy storage performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer blends via post-treatments
Authors: Yang Zhong , Wang Jing , Hu Yiliang , Deng Chaoyong , Zhu Kongjun 
Published: May 2022

Polymer-based dielectric composite films with large energy density are urgently demanded for various applications. Compared with the ones with inorganic fillers, polymer blends exhibit the advantage of mechanical matching as well as the interfacial compatibility. Herein, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films with various volume fractions of methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) were prepared via the solution casting. The maximum energy density of 6.4 J/cm3 at 390 MV/m was obtained by optimizing the content of 12 vol% MBS in MBS/PVDF composite films. The energy density of the optimized composite films was further improved with the help of post-treatments including quenching and/or hot-pressing. At last, the composite films display the enhanced energy density of 8.7 J/cm3 at 500 MV/m with the efficiency of 67.4% via the comprehensive post-treatments. This work provides a paradigm to improve the energy storage performance of PVDF-based composite films for dielectric electrostatic capacitors.
Global Studies and Anthropology An Appraisal
Authors: Mondal Sekh Rahim 
Published: May 2022

Modern world has become closer and complicated; the speeds are high day by day due to ongoing process of globalization, which refers interconnectedness and interdependence of world societies. Contemporary globalization is the increasing flow of trade, finance, cultures, ideas and peoples brought about by sophisticated technology of communications and also by world wide spread of neo-liberal capitalism. It is not only the process of local adaptations to global forces but also the resistance to those flows. The emerging global situation and so also the global problems has attracted the attention of academic scholars, politicians, business representatives, non-government and civil society organizations to come forward and to comprehend the global condition. The attention of different layers of society towards the issues of globalization and global problems have opened to door of interdisciplinary and cross disciplinary research in the name of global studies. Global studies have emerged as central to the understanding of the dynamics of globalization. This paper is a modest attempt to delineate the aims, objectives, directions and methods of global studies and their relevance in contemporary times. Special emphasis has been given in this paper to highlight the role of anthropology in examining the global issues of recent times. The paper is based on facts obtained from review of relevant literatures supported by empirical observations.
Migratory Trajectories: Determinations of Inward and Outward Movement in India
Authors: Joshi Tarun , Deb Roumi 
Published: May 2022

For a country like India whose cultural and economic dimensions vary a lot, it is important to understand the impetus or motivation behind any movement which is on record or not. Internal migration has its own routes and thresholds which may differ from region to region. The basic interest of the movement is prosperity and better life standards, however, the definition of these vary according to the standards predisposed in mind. In general it is been preconceived and also supported by census of India that men migrate more often than women on grounds of employment but studies have shown that there is a shift and women are the one who migrates maximum outnumbering men in many cases. But it is a pity that national level large scale surveys are unable to capture this reality as a result women are treated as secondary earners International migration to and from India have its own pros and cons. Immigration provides cheap labour and strengthen political bonds between party nations, while on the other hand emigration bring foreign exchange to the country. The definition of status is also radically altered by the effect of social meaning of migrant remittances. The emigrants are preferred as a marriage partner in many parts of India especially Punjab which has even lead to the increasing cases of fraud on marital grounds.
Gender, Migration and Human Trafficking: The Untold Story of the Gurgaon Maids’ Migration from the Sunderbans
Authors: Sen Nandini C 
Published: May 2022

Gurgaon -is the face of modern india which is defined by sky high apartments, malls and state of the art office complexes. To keep the city running smoothly and maintaining its residents’ high end lifestyle is a huge back up of domestic servants who serve as maids, cooks, drivers, ayahs and so on are required. These servants who comprise the vast unorganized sector in Gurgaon are typically migrant workers from comparatively poorer states of Bengal, Bihar and Chattisgarh. This paper seeks to examine the life stories of three Hindu women of different age groups who work as maids in an upscale apartment complex in Gurgaon. Kamala (42), Rani (23) and Gitu (16) hail from the Sunderbans in West Bengal - a land away from the mainland Kolkata and known for its jungles and tiger population. Kamala, a grandmother at 42 has to work for a living to feed her family of six. She works on a part time basis in 6 houses earning a salary of Rs. 10,000. After taking care of the basic needs of her dependents, she has barely any money to take care of medical emergencies. Rani is slightly better off as her husbana works as a gardener. They have left their daughter in the village to be cared for by her in- laws. Most of what she earns is remitted back to her village. Gitu has been brought to the city by a lady who runs a maid agency. She has been sold off by her parents. She works as a full timer in houses and has barely any access to her salary. Her salary is collected by the lady who also decides her working terms and conditions. She lives like a bonded labour and nurtures a hope that one day she might be able to escape. These women live in perpetual fear of being sexually abused by their employers or the agency people. It is a grim battle for survival made doubly difficult by their gender. This paper seeks to look into the working conditions of women in the unorganized sector, the causes for migration and the human trafficking that carries on unabated in the urban metropolis of Gurgaon. The three women have been selected based on convenience sampling as they work in the apartment complex in which I reside.