bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Strike Ballots are Undemocratic
Authors: Saunders Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince 2016, new legislation governing strike ballots has made it more difficult for trade unions to achieve a mandate for industrial action. Such a mandate now requires that a majority of members vote in the ballot. This article argues that these balloting processes are undemocratic. The turnout requirement means that a mandate for industrial action does not simply depend on its level of popular support amongst union members. This has surprising consequences. Sometimes opponents of action would be better advised to abstain, rather than to vote against it. Thus, it is not always clear how they should vote. Whatever they do, their actions may be counterproductive. Further, even when they do know how best to promote their desired outcome, there may be a conflict between voting strategically and clearly expressing their true preferences. Consequently, there is no guarantee that the outcome of the ballot accurately reflects what people really want.
Pollen metabarcoding reveals the floral resources and niche overlap of honeybees in forest areas
Authors: Do Yuno , Park Woong‐Bae , Park Jun‐Kyu , Kim Chang‐Jun , Kim Il‐Kwon , Choi Moon Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated the floral resources of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) by pollen DNA metabarcoding as the first step in honeybee conservation. We attempted to identify as many floral resources and as wide resource availability as possible in areas and compared the richness of floral resources between forests and national parks. We found that both forest and national parks can sufficiently support honeybee floral resources; however, national parks were more stable habitats with more complex vegetation structure than those of forests. Also, honeybee's preferences for floral resources were determined using niche breadth, niche overlap, and network analysis among the floral resources in forest areas. Quercus and Actinidia were the most frequently detected taxa of pollen resources in both forests and national parks by pollen metabarcoding. Even though we anticipated that more various pollen resource taxa would be found in national parks than forests, no differences in the number pollen resource taxa were detected between them. According to the niche overlap analysis result, the honeybee preferred the pollen resources in both forests and national parks, and the co‐occurrence pattern analysis of pollen resource taxa in both forests and national parks showed a simple network. Altogether, our findings suggested that DNA metabarcoding of pollen collected by the honeybee can provide useful information on the flowering plants in a given area. As the use of floral pollen resources varies spatially and temporally, periodic monitoring of pollen resources can identify which pollen is required to maintain the health of honeybee colonies.
Co‐designing research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander consumers of mental health services, mental health workers, elders and cultural healers
Authors: Milroy Helen , Kashyap Shraddha , Collova Jemma , Mitchell Michael , Derry Kate Loren , Alexi Joanna , Chang Ee Pin , Dudgeon Pat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe disparity in mental health outcomes compared with non‐Indigenous Australians means that there is an urgent need to develop an evidence base around how services can better support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. A critical first step is to embed cultural safety into research methodologies.ObjectiveHere, we aim to establish the foundation of a research project through co‐designing a qualitative interview with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander consumers and community members about experiences of cultural safety with mainstream mental health services.DesignVoices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples must be empowered across all stages of research. An Aboriginal‐led research team conducted focus groups to understand clear, sensitive, and culturally appropriate ways of asking about experiences in mental health care, to co‐design an interview on this topic. Participants were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander consumers of mental health services, carers, mental health workers, Elders and Cultural Healers, living in Metropolitan and Regional Western Australia.FindingsResults suggest that Indigenous governance, together with investing in ongoing, and meaningful cultural awareness and cultural safety training (cultural awareness being a first step towards safety) for non‐Indigenous researchers, together with taking the time to build respectful partnerships with communities through ongoing consultation, were appropriate and comprehensive methods of co‐designing an interview.DiscussionThe process of working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in research is as important as the outcome. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership, self‐determination, and relationship building with communities are essential.ConclusionEmpowering co‐design methodologies are flexible, iterative, and ensure that the experiences and views of participants are valued, leading to more meaningful results.
Early‐life fecal metabolomics of food allergy
Authors: Lee‐Sarwar Kathleen A. , Chen Yih‐Chieh , Lasky‐Su Jessica , Kelly Rachel S. , Zeiger Robert S. , O'Connor George T. , Bacharier Leonard B. , Jia Xiaojiong , Beigelman Avraham , Gold Diane R. , Laranjo Nancy , Bunyavanich Supinda , Weiss Scott T. , Litonjua Augusto A. , Brennan Patrick J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal microenvironmental perturbations may increase food allergy risk. We hypothesize that children with clinical food allergy, those with food sensitization, and healthy children can be differentiated by intestinal metabolites in the first years of life.MethodsIn this ancillary analysis of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling in 824 stool samples collected at ages 3–6 months, 1 year and 3 years. Subjects included 23 with clinical food allergy at age 3 and/or 6 years, 151 with food sensitization but no clinical food allergy, and 220 controls. We identified modules of correlated, functionally related metabolites and sought associations of metabolite modules and individual metabolites with food allergy/sensitization using regression models.ResultsSeveral modules of functionally related intestinal metabolites were reduced among subjects with food allergy, including bile acids at ages 3–6 months and 1 year, amino acids at age 3–6 months, steroid hormones at 1 year, and sphingolipids at age 3 years. One module primarily containing diacylglycerols was increased in those with food allergy at age 3–6 months. Fecal caffeine metabolites at age 3–6 months, likely derived from breast milk, were increased in those with food allergy and/or sensitization (beta = 5.9, 95% CI 1.0–10.8, p = .02) and were inversely correlated with fecal bile acids and bilirubin metabolites, though maternal plasma caffeine levels were not associated with food allergy and/or sensitization.ConclusionsSeveral classes of bioactive fecal metabolites are associated with food allergy and/or sensitization including bile acids, steroid hormones, sphingolipids, and caffeine metabolites.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria: Focus on pathophysiology to unlock treatment advances
Authors: Kaplan Allen , Lebwohl Mark , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. , Hide Michihiro , Armstrong April W. , Maurer Marcus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a debilitating skin disease characterized by intensely itchy wheals, angioedema, or both. Symptoms recur spontaneously, on a near‐daily basis, over >6 weeks; many patients experience flare‐ups over several years and, consequently, reduced quality of life. Differences between the inflammatory profiles of the skin of CSU patients (wheals and nonlesional sites) and healthy controls indicate that key drivers such as mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils interact, release vasoactive mediators, and prime the skin, leaving patients predisposed to symptoms. Many cytokines and chemokines involved in these inflammatory networks and their corresponding intracellular signaling cascades have been identified. These insights informed the development of therapies such as omalizumab, dupilumab, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, marking a renewed focus on pathogenesis in CSU clinical research. Despite progress, current therapies provide symptomatic control but do not appear to redress the inflammatory balance in the skin permanently. A deeper understanding of CSU pathogenesis will permit a more targeted approach to developing novel treatments with curative intent. Here, we review what is known about the pathogenesis of CSU and consider how this can be used to identify rational targets to improve patient care further.
Does choroidal thickness predict persistent subretinal fluid after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair? A retrospective study with fellow eye comparison
Authors: Albanese Giuseppe Maria , Visioli Giacomo , Iannetti Ludovico , Giovannetti Francesca , Armentano Marta , Romano Enrico , Macario Federico , Fino Pasquale , Gharbiya Magda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether choroidal thickness (CT) is associated with persistent subretinal fluid (pSRF) after simple primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.MethodsThis single‐centre, retrospective, observational study included patients who underwent RRD repair with at least 12‐month follow‐up. Preoperative and postoperative parameters were evaluated for association with pSRF. CT measurements were obtained at the central 1 mm area on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT scans, using a semiautomatic method. Multiple logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine predictive factors for pSRF.ResultsOverall, 100 eyes of 100 patients, mean age of 59.9 ± 12.6 years were included. pSRF was found in 21.0% of eyes and resolved over time in 85.7% of eyes at 12 months. In the pSRF group both RRD and fellow eyes showed lower mean choroidal and RPE thickness values as compared to those without pSRF (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between pSRF occurrence and choroidal thinning (p = 0.02). After multiple regression analyses, macula‐off RRD (p = 0.005) and scleral buckling (SB) technique (p = 0.001) were retained as final predictors for pSRF. In macula‐off SB eyes, detachment duration was the only factor associated with pSRF (p = 0.046). There were no significant differences in best‐corrected visual acuity outcomes between the pSRF and the no‐pSRF eyes.ConclusionsPatients with pSRF showed lower choroidal and RPE thickness as compared to those without pSRF. CT did not turn out to be a final predictor for pSRF, as this was mainly associated with macular involvement, surgical technique and detachment duration.
Clinical impact of biofire gastrointestinal panel testing for hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis
Authors: Sever Aviv , Ben Zvi Haim , Melamed Shirel Barnea , Sachs Nimrod , Krause Irit , Bilavsky Efraim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinical impact of BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel (FGP) testing in real‐life diarrhoeal episodes of hospitalised paediatric patients.MethodsChildren hospitalised between October 2018 and September 2020 for whom stool specimens for FGP were submitted at the clinician's discretion were retrospectively observed. For each episode, demographics, clinical information and stool tests were collected.ResultsThe clinical impact for each case was evaluated by changing the antibiotic prescription, following the result of the FGP testing. Out of 140 diarrhoeal episodes, 25 pathogens were found in 24 cases using conventional methods, whereas, FGP testing identified 75 pathogens in 56 cases (p < 0.05). The pathogens more frequently identified by FGP testing were Campylobacter, Shigella, Rotavirus, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. The clinical impact of FGP testing was observed in 17/140 (12%) diarrhoeal episodes, and higher rates in previously healthy (19%) and solid organ–transplanted children (15%).ConclusionWe found that using FGP testing for hospitalised children with diarrhoeal episodes could increase pathogen identification and impact clinical decisions, especially in healthy and transplant patients.
Do more, with less: The realities of local government in rural Ontario
Authors: Gibson Ryan , Dale John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the past 30 years, the responsibilities, mandates, and activities of local governments in Ontario have undergone substantial transformations. Influenced by New Public Management, policy changes are characterized by marketization and managerialism resulting in downloading of responsibilities to local governments. This research examines the ebbs and flows of policy changes among different provincial governments since 1990 and the impacts of these policies on rural local governments in Ontario. Interviews were conducted with elected officials and senior staff in eight local governments to understand their realities. The findings demonstrate the continual policy changes led to the “do more, with less” approach currently faced by rural local governments—increased regulatory requirements, limited human and financial capacities, and small tax bases to support their activities. This experience, combined with limited fiscal levers, hinders the ability of rural local governments to address both new demands for infrastructure and existing infrastructure deficits, housing stock and affordability, and economic and workforce development strategies. The reality has necessitated local governments to seek alternative strategies to deliver programs and services through partnerships and collaboration.
Behavioral inhibition, negative parenting, and social withdrawal: Longitudinal associations with loneliness during early, middle, and late adolescence
Authors: Verhagen Maaike , Derks Mare , Roelofs Karin , Maciejewski Dominique 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdolescent loneliness can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health, but there is limited understanding of its antecedents in infancy and childhood. A 20‐year longitudinal, multi‐informant, and multi‐methods study (first data collection in 1998) was conducted to examine mechanisms underlying adolescent loneliness (N = 128, 52% boys, Mage_baseline = 1.23, SD = 0.02, 99% White, recruitment in Dutch urban, healthcare centers). Structural equation modeling showed that high infant behavioral inhibition (BI) was indirectly associated with high loneliness during adolescence via high childhood social withdrawal. This indirect effect was equally strong during early, middle, and late adolescence. Contrary to expectations, infant parenting did not moderate the relation between BI and social withdrawal. The results suggest a developmental cascade with infant BI showing long‐lasting indirect effects on adolescent loneliness up to 20 years later via childhood social withdrawal.
Bringing Minds Together: High‐speed Railways, Team Building, and Innovation Collaboration
Authors: Li Chao , Zhou Qian , Chen Shi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of increased travelling efficiency on “innovation collaboration” between cities. It exploits China's recent high‐speed railway (HSR) connections in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei urban agglomeration. The paper instrumented HSR connections using the postal routes of the Yuan Dynasty and measured innovation collaboration using detailed information on patent applicants and citations. The results show that HSRs led to an increase in innovation collaboration by 121.7 percent from 1998 to 2016, and their overall quality increased by 111.3 percent. In comparison with universities (public sector), the paper found that private sector firms' patent outcomes showed a larger increase in both quantity and quality after the HSR connection. Interestingly, we found that the teams of researchers whose members changed after the HSR connection benefited the most in comparison with both continuing teams and newly formed teams. Additional results prove that HSRs contributed to the coordinated development of the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei urban agglomeration. The results remained robust using alternative model specifications.
Smarter and Cleaner: The Digital Economy and Environmental Pollution
Authors: Wan Qianqian , Shi Daqian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ongoing diffusion of digital technology into socio‐economic activity has triggered hopes of minimizing environmental pollution. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the digital economy and the intensity of SO2 pollutant emissions and to examine the mechanism that explains how digitalization leads to the reduction of pollutants from the perspective of environmental regulations. We applied the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation approach to construct a comprehensive index system to measure the digital economy in China. Then we examined the correlation between the digital economy and SO2 pollution intensity. To analyze the mechanism, we investigated the moderating effect of environmental regulations and also took macroscopic mechanisms (such as innovation and industrial structure) into consideration. Our empirical results indicated that the digital economy had a negative effect on SO2 pollution intensity. The negative impact was greater for medium‐sized provinces with abundant resources in eastern and southern China. We also found that environmental regulations (e.g., environmental legislation and environmental penalties) moderated the impact of the digital economy on SO2 pollution intensity, and the same was true for several macro mechanisms (e.g., innovation, industrial structure, and labor productivity, etc.). This has implications for how the government implements environmental regulations in the future.
S1‐Guideline: Microscopically controlled surgery
Authors: Kofler Lukas , Ziemer Mirjana , Andrulis Mindaugas , Horn Dominik , Kulas Philipp , Kunte Christian , Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi 
Published: November 2022

SummaryMicroscopically controlled surgery (MCS) comprises various methods allowing histologically proven complete resection of malignant tumors while at the same time sparing the tumor‐free tissue in the immediate vicinity as much as possible. All procedures subsumed under MCS have in common the marking of the excised tissue for topographical orientation, which provides an assignment of remaining tumor remnants. Indications for MCS are malignant skin tumors in problem localizations as well as aggressive subtypes of skin tumors. Established indications for MCS include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen’s disease as well as Bowen’s carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, melanoma in chronically light‐damaged skin as well as acral lentiginous melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. For other tumors such as extramammary Paget’s disease and various cutaneous sarcomas, evidence exists that MCS has demonstrated benefits, such as local recurrence rates. In addition, MCS is indicated when it is foreseeable that a complex closure technique is required and complete resection of the tumor must be assured. Various methods of MCS have been described, including 3D histology, horizontal method and Mohs surgery. A close cooperation of qualified surgeons and (dermato)pathologists as well as laboratory staff is essential for the successful application of MCS.
Does the right ventricle size influence the left ventricle size and function in children with Ebstein anomaly?
Authors: Sokolov Alexander A. , Egunov Oleg A. , Krivoshchekov Evgeny V. , Cetta Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposePatients with Ebstein anomaly (EA) have a variety of clinical manifestation. The assessment of structural and geometric characteristics of the heart is important for optimal management.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed echocardiography database from 2009 to 2020. We evaluate patients in two groups: patients with EA were in Group 1 and children without cardiovascular pathology were in Group 2. All children in both groups underwent echocardiography according to American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. The shape of the heart chambers and their function were studied in both groups.ResultsThere were 153 in Group 1 and 2000 children without cardiovascular disease in Group 2. It was shown that in children with EA, the shape of the ventricle became less spherical, which was accompanied by a decrease in myocardial mass, and the ejection fraction was reduced 34% of patients. The functional volume (non‐atrialized part) of the right ventricle in patients with EA was reduced, and its contractility was preserved in 62% of cases. Preservation of the contractile properties of the right ventricle in most cases was associated with higher systolic pressure in its cavity.ConclusionTAPSE, TESV, and the velocity of the annulus fibrous ring movement according to tissue dopplerography in patients with EA do not allow us to assess the contractility of the right ventricle. The myocardial performance index (MPI) characterizes a decrease in the functional volume of the right ventricle.
Isolated accessory tricuspid valve leaflet in asymptomatic adult
Authors: Inampudi Jyothik V. , Yirerong Juliet , Sharma Gyanendra K. , Gavlinksi Sheena , Essa Amr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccessory tricuspid valve (ATV) is a rare congenital anomaly that is often seen in complex congenital anomalies in children with very few reported cases in adults. We report a case of isolated ATV in an asymptomatic adult with no other congenital defects along with illustrative transesophageal echocardiographic 2D, 3D, high‐resolution photo‐realistic images.
Putting permanent grassland at the heart of a European agroecological transition: Findings and questions arising from the ‘Ten Years for Agroecology’ (TYFA) scenario
Authors: Poux Xavier , Aubert Pierre‐Marie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the importance of permanent grasslands (PG) for the conservation of high nature value habitats is often acknowledged, their role in most of the main sustainable food system scenarios published in the last few years is less explicit. In the best case, the place of permanent grassland in scenarios and policy agendas is their conservation; in the worst one, they are simply replaced by afforested land or cropland, considered as a better option when the focus is on GHG emissions only. In this paper, we defend the idea that several misinterpretations of the positive and negative impacts of ruminants, the ‘natural’ users of PG, explain why ruminants are poorly addressed by most scenarios. Based on the findings of an agroecological scenario for Europe—TYFA, standing for Ten Years For Agroecology—in which extensive permanent grassland and ruminants together play a prominent role for biodiversity conservation, nitrogen cycling and climate change mitigation and adaptation, we call for a research agenda that would better inform the specific role of PG in the provision of ecosystem services—and in particular those that depend on nitrogen management.