bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated vetting of radiology referrals: exploring natural language processing and traditional machine learning approaches
Authors: Potočnik Jaka , Thomas Edel , Killeen Ronan , Foley Shane , Lawlor Aonghus , Stowe John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
With a significant increase in utilisation of computed tomography (CT), inappropriate imaging is a significant concern. Manual justification audits of radiology referrals are time-consuming and require financial resources. We aimed to retrospectively audit justification of brain CT referrals by applying natural language processing and traditional machine learning (ML) techniques to predict their justification based on the audit outcomes.

Methods
Two human experts retrospectively analysed justification of 375 adult brain CT referrals performed in a tertiary referral hospital during the 2019 calendar year, using a cloud-based platform for structured referring. Cohen’s kappa was computed to measure inter-rater reliability. Referrals were represented as bag-of-words (BOW) and term frequency-inverse document frequency models. Text preprocessing techniques, including custom stop words (CSW) and spell correction (SC), were applied to the referral text. Logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machines (SVM) were used to predict the justification of referrals. A test set (300/75) was used to compute weighted accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC).

Results
In total, 253 (67.5%) examinations were deemed justified, 75 (20.0%) as unjustified, and 47 (12.5%) as maybe justified. The agreement between the annotators was strong (κ = 0.835). The BOW + CSW + SC + SVM outperformed other binary models with a weighted accuracy of 92%, a sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 93%, and an AUC of 0.948.

Conclusions
Traditional ML models can accurately predict justification of unstructured brain CT referrals. This offers potential for automated justification analysis of CT referrals in clinical departments.
Optimal quadrature formulas for oscillatory integrals in the Sobolev space
Authors: Shadimetov Kholmat , Hayotov Abdullo , Bozarov Bakhromjon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work studies the problem of construction of optimal quadrature formulas in the sense of Sard in the space $L_{2}^{(m)}(0,1)$

L
2

(
m
)

(
0
,
1
)
for numerical calculation of Fourier coefficients. Using Sobolev’s method, we obtain new sine and cosine weighted optimal quadrature formulas of such type for $N + 1\geq m$
N
+
1
≥
m
, where $N + 1$
N
+
1
is the number of nodes. Then, explicit formulas for the optimal coefficients of optimal quadrature formulas are obtained. The obtained optimal quadrature formulas in $L_{2}^{(m)}(0,1)$

L
2

(
m
)

(
0
,
1
)
space are exact for algebraic polynomials of degree $(m-1)$
(
m
−
1
)
.
Isolation, identification, and apoptosis activity of the photosensitizer methyl pheophorbide A from Perilla frutescens leaves
Authors: Ha Jun Young , Yi Gibum , Bae Hwan Hee , Go Young Sam , Kim Yu Jin , Lee Kwang Min , Hong Chang Oh , Kim Keun Ki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment with fewer side effects, and it eliminates tumors in target tissues with reactive oxygen species produced by photosensitizers (PS) and light. In this study, we isolated methyl pheophorbide A, which induces photodynamic cell death in the U937 and SK-HEP-1 cells, from perilla leaves. Its potential as a material for the development of a new PS was also evaluated. The methyl pheophorbide A is a dark green porphyrin compound isolated from methanol extract of perilla leaves. Apoptosis occurred was methyl pheophorbide A treated and irradiated with light, and there was no significant change where light not treated. In both U937 and SK-HEP-1 cells, apoptotic body, vesicle formation, and DNA ladder were confirmed in the light-irradiated. The caspase-3/7 activity an important factor in apoptosis, was 101.50 ± 14.24% when treated with 0.25 μg/ml methyl pheophorbide A in U937, and 91.32 ± 16.23% when treated with 1.00 μg/ml in SK-HEP-1 cells. The apoptotic phenomenon appeared more strongly when the methyl pheophorbide A concentration was increased with irradiating light. This study demonstrates the isolation, identification, and phototoxic activity of methyl pheophorbide A in perilla leaves. We expect that this study will be useful in the search for PS candidates using natural products.
Impacts of COVID-19 at the intersection of substance use disorder treatment and criminal justice systems: findings from three states
Authors: Dir Allyson L. , Tillson Martha , Aalsma Matthew C. , Staton Michele , Staton Monte , Watson Dennis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD), particularly opioid use disorder (OUD), who are criminal justice-involved are a particularly vulnerable population that has been adversely affected by COVID-19 due to impacts of the pandemic on both the criminal justice and treatment systems. The manuscript presents qualitative data and findings exploring issues related to SUD/OUD treatment among individuals involved in the justice system and the impacts of COVID-19 on these service systems. Qualitative data were collected separately by teams from three different research hubs/sites in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky; at each hub, data were collected from justice system personnel (n = 17) and community-level SUD/OUD providers (n = 21). Codes from two hubs were reviewed and merged to develop the cross-hub coding list. The combined codes were used deductively to analyze the third hub‘s data, and higher-level themes were then developed across all the hubs’ data.

Results
Themes reflected the justice and treatment systems’ responses to COVID-19, the intersection of systems and COVID-19’s impact on providing OUD treatment for such individuals, and the use of telehealth and telejustice.

Conclusions
Results highlight that despite rapid adaptations made by systems during the pandemic, additional work is needed to better support individuals with OUD who are involved in the justice system. Such work can inform longer-term public health crisis planning to improve community OUD treatment access and linkage for those who are criminal justice-involved.
Quantitative SPECT/CT imaging of lead-212: a phantom study
Authors: Kvassheim Monika , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth R. , Stokke Caroline 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Lead-212 (212Pb) is a promising radionuclide for targeted therapy, as it decays to α-particle emitter bismuth-212 (212Bi) via β-particle emission. This extends the problematic short half-life of 212Bi. In preparation for upcoming clinical trials with 212Pb, the feasibility of quantitative single photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging of 212Pb was studied, with the purpose to explore the possibility of individualised patient dosimetric estimation.

Results
Both acquisition parameters (combining two different energy windows and two different collimators) and iterative reconstruction parameters (varying the iterations x subsets between 10 × 1, 15 × 1, 30 × 1, 30 × 2, 30 × 3, 30 × 4, and 30 × 30) were investigated to evaluate visual quality and quantitative uncertainties based on phantom images. Calibration factors were determined using a homogeneous phantom and were stable when the total activity imaged exceeded 1 MBq for all the imaging protocols studied, but they increased sharply as the activity decayed below 1 MBq. Both a 20% window centred on 239 keV and a 40% window on 79 keV, with dual scatter windows of 5% and 20%, respectively, could be used. Visual quality at the lowest activity concentrations was improved with the High Energy collimator and the 79 keV energy window. Fractional uncertainty in the activity quantitation, including uncertainties from calibration factors and small volume effects, in spheres of 2.6 ml in the NEMA phantom was 16–21% for all protocols with the 30 × 4 filtered reconstruction except the High Energy collimator with the 239 keV energy window. Quantitative analysis was possible both with and without filters, but the visual quality of the images improved with a filter.

Conclusions
Only minor differences were observed between the imaging protocols which were all determined suitable for quantitative imaging of 212Pb. As uncertainties generally decreased with increasing iterative updates in the reconstruction and recovery curves did not converge with few iterations, a high number of reconstruction updates are recommended for quantitative imaging.
Static lung volumes and diffusion capacity in adults 30 years after being diagnosed with asthma
Authors: Schultz Conrad Uldall Becker , Tupper Oliver Djurhuus , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Long-term follow-up studies of adults with well-characterized asthma are sparse. We aimed to explore static lung volumes and diffusion capacity after 30 + years with asthma.

Methods
A total of 125 adults with an objectively verified diagnosis of asthma between 1974–1990 at a Danish respiratory outpatient clinic completed a follow-up visit 2017–19. All participants (age range 44–88 years) completed a comprehensive workup and were, based on these assessments, classified as having either active asthma or being in complete remission. The examination program included measurements of static lung volumes and diffusion capacity.

Results
Participants with active asthma were hyperinflated (residual volume/total lung capacity ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.41—0.45) (RV/TLC ratio) compared with those in remission (RV/TLC ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.36—0.41) (p < 0.03). A tendency towards higher diffusion capacity per liter lung volume was seen in participants with active asthma (KCO 100% predicted, 95% CI 97—104) compared with those in remission (KCO 94% pred., 95% CI 89—99) (P = 0.10). Longer asthma duration was associated with a higher KCO 0.47% pred./year (95% CI 0.14—0.80), adjusted for age and smoking. Patients on GINA step 4 and 5 treatment were more hyperinflated ($$\Delta$$
Δ
RV 14% pred., 95% CI 3—27) and had higher airway resistance (mean 53% pred., 95% CI 9—97) than participants on lower GINA steps. Patients with uncontrolled disease had substantially higher airway resistance (72% pred. 95% CI 20—124) than well-controlled patients.

Conclusion
Thirty years after a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, those continuing to have active asthma and those having severe asthma, have higher diffusion capacity and more hyperinflation than patients in remission.
Help-seeking attitudes and behaviours among humanitarian aid workers
Authors: Stevens Garry J. , Sharma Asra , Skeoch Kelsey 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the nature of their work and operating environments, humanitarian aid workers experience higher rates of psychological distress, burnout and mental health conditions than other emergency service worker populations. Fourteen international humanitarian workers were interviewed to examine whether they seek help from others in the context of work-related distress, specifically, their attitudes and behaviors regarding personal help-seeking at such times, their preferred sources of support and factors that enable or constrain effective help-seeking. Thematic analysis of the data derived five superordinate themes: (1) cultural aspects of help-seeking; (2) risks with formal, internal support; (3) lack of shared understanding of humanitarian context; (4) self-censoring and withdrawal; and (5) role maturity. There is high, in principle, support for personal help-seeking but its use is highly selective. Work colleagues are regarded as the most trusted and effective source of help in high stress periods, while barriers that exist with family and friends mean they are rarely sought out at such times. Trust and confidentiality concerns limit the use of internal agency supports and psychosocial services. External psychological services are preferred but are often found to be unsatisfactory. These findings can support aid organisations to address stigma perceptions that are commonly associated with personal help-seeking, particularly among early career practitioners, and normalise its use as a form of occupational self-care.
Secure framework for IoT technology based on RSA and DNA cryptography
Authors: Elamir Mona M. , Mabrouk May S. , marzouk Samir Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Internet of things (IoT) is the network of different objects or “things” containing sensors, software, and other technologies used to exchange data between devices and systems over the cloud. Such systems and networks should be provided with a proper cryptographic methodology to block unauthorized data transmission access. This issue is considered an essential challenge of resources that are shared on the data communication network, that is its security. So, in this study, a cryptosystem is proposed to maintain the security level of such systems with a new idea depending on DNA cryptography and DNA mixing.ResultsIn this study, the proposed cryptosystem is based on the RSA algorithm and DNA cryptography concepts with a novel idea for mixing DNA strands obtained from encoding medical image and report to enhance the security level through the IoT networks. This system achieved a proper result in reconstructing images with high quality. The similarity between the original data and the restored one reached 92% through 18 s.ConclusionsSuch a proposed cryptosystem provided the feasibility of data security in network security, especially for E-health care through IoT system to help medical teamwork in handling medical data between hospitals safely. The result showed that RSA is a fast, efficient algorithm that can be utilized safely in cryptography schemes.
Tuberculous otitis media masquerading as malignancy: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Thomas Roshan Philip , Varghese Sunil Sam , Agarwal Vivek , Susan Anjali B. , Kumar Navneet , Paul Preethi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary tuberculous otitis media is rare in the paediatric age group, and its neuro-otogenic complication of involvement of cerebellopontine angle in a child is very unusual. Tuberculosis should always be considered as a rare but possible aetiology for such neuro-otogenic lesions.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 13-year-old female patient who presented with left ear discharge and mass-like lesion on otoscopy. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone showed erosion of petrous temporal bone, external auditory canal and ossicles. Contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI) revealed peripherally enhancing hetero-intense lesion epicentred in the petrous and mastoid part of left temporal bone extending into the left cerebellopontine angle and external auditory canal. Homogenously enhancing soft tissue was seen in the left occipital condyle with sigmoid sinus thrombosis and cervical lymphadenopathy. There was also a single enhancing left temporal lobe lesion. Radiological and clinical assessment was suggestive of malignant aetiology. However, biopsy revealed tuberculosis and anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) was initiated. Interval imaging showed an adequate response to treatment.

Conclusions
Tuberculous otitis media often masquerades as malignancy on clinical and imaging assessment.
Prioritising Informed Health Choices Key Concepts for those impacted by cancer: a protocol
Authors: Li Mengqi , Devane Declan , Beecher Claire , Duffy Austin G. , Duggan Caitriona , Dowling Maura , Grimes David Robert , Kennan Avril , McLoughlin Sarah , Nsangi Allen , Oxman Andrew D. , O’Connor Robert , Stewart Derek C. , Toomey Elaine , Tierney Marie 
Published: August 2022

Background: Few areas of health have been as insidiously influenced by misinformation as cancer. Thus, interventions that can help people impacted by cancer reduce the extent to which they are victims of misinformation are necessary. The Informed Health Choices (IHC) initiative has developed Key Concepts that can be used in the development of interventions for evaluating the trustworthiness of claims about the effects of health treatments. We are developing an online education programme called Informed Health Choices-Cancer (IHC-C) based on the IHC Key Concepts. We will provide those impacted by cancer with the knowledge and skills necessary to think critically about the reliability of health information and claims and make informed choices. Methods: We will establish a steering group (SG) of 12 key stakeholders, including oncology specialists and academics. In addition, we will establish a patient and public involvement (PPI) panel of 20 people impacted by cancer. After training the members on the Key Concepts and the prioritisation process, we will conduct a two-round prioritisation process. In the first round, 12 SG members and four PPI panel members will prioritise Key Concepts for inclusion. In the second round, the remaining 16 PPI members will undertake the prioritisation based on the prioritised Key Concepts from the first round. Participants in both rounds will use a structured judgement form to rate the importance of the Key Concepts for inclusion in the online IHC-C programme. A consensus meeting will be held, where members will reach a consensus on the Key Concepts to be included and rank the order in which the prioritised Key Concepts will be addressed in the IHC-C programme. Conclusions: At the end of this process, we will identify which Key Concepts should be included and the order in which they should be addressed in the IHC-C programme.
The University of Michigan Implements a Hub-and-Spoke Design to Accommodate Social Distancing in the Campus Bus System Under COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: Chen Gongyu , Fei Xinyu , Jia Huiwen , Yu Xian , Shen Siqian 
Published: August 2022

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to significant challenges for schools and communities during the pandemic, requiring policy makers to ensure both safety and operational feasibility. In this paper, we develop mixed-integer programming models and simulation tools to redesign routes and bus schedules for operating a real university campus bus system during the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a hub-and-spoke design and utilize real data of student activities to identify hub locations and bus stops to be used in the new routes. To reduce disease transmission via expiratory aerosol, we design new bus routes that are shorter than 15 minutes to travel and operate using at most 50% seat capacity and the same number of buses before the pandemic. We sample a variety of scenarios that cover variations of peak demand, social distancing requirements, and bus breakdowns to demonstrate the system resiliency of the new routes and schedules via simulation. The new bus routes were implemented and used during the academic year 2020–2021 to ensure social distancing and short travel time. Our approach can be generalized to redesign public transit systems with a social distancing requirement to reduce passengers’ infection risk. History: This paper was refereed. This article has been selected for inclusion in the Special Issue on Analytics Remedies to COVID-19. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-2041745] and the University of Michigan, College of Engineering.
PERCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUAS SOBRE O PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM E OS CENTROS DE IDIOMAS: (RE)VISITANDO CONCEITOS E ESPAÇOS FORMATIVOS / Perceptions of language teachers about the process of teaching, learning and language centers: (re)visiting concepts and formative spaces
Authors: Coelho Iandra Maria Weirich da Silva 
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as percepções de professores de inglês e espanhol, do Instituto Federal do Amazonas, sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas e as potencialidades do Centro de Idiomas nesse processo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, cujos procedimentos teórico-metodológicos incluem uma pesquisa bibliográfica, uso de questionário para coleta de dados e método de análise de conteúdo. O arcabouço teórico que respalda este estudo tem fundamento nas perspectivas pedagógicas críticas e na Pedagogia do Pós-método. A discussão é realizada a partir de quatro categorias: Aspectos teórico-metodológicos sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, Atitude curricular, Constituição identitária do Centro de Idiomas e Práticas pedagógicas inovadoras. As principais percepções docentes referem-se à falta de motivação e interesse dos estudantes em estudar outro idioma, à carência de infraestrutura tecnológica e conectividade, à heterogeneidade das turmas e sala de aula com um número excessivo de alunos. Esses resultados evidenciam a necessidade de ressignificação da atitude curricular e da mobilização do Centro de Idiomas como potencial espaço formativo para a implementação de práticas inovadoras que podem transcender a sala de aula, auxiliar professores e estudantes no enfrentamento de desafios e fortalecer o reconhecimento do papel social e transformador da língua no cenário educativo e nas resistências locais.
Plasmonic crystals fabricated by nanosphere lithography for advanced biosensing
Authors: Li Lixia , Du Fei , Zong Xueyang , Cui Lin , Liu Yufang 
Published: August 2022

Plasmonic nanostructures have attracted wide attention in the past few years for their promising applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopies, chemical or biosensing, and so on. However, the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures relies on traditional photolithography methods such as electron beam lithography and focused ion beam lithography, which have inherent shortcomings, such as high fabrication cost and being time-consuming. Here, using the nanosphere lithography approach, we fabricate large-area long-range ordered periodic Au nanohole arrays on an opaque Au substrate. The structure supports spectral-isolation and well-defined plasmonic resonances favorable to spectral monitoring at normal incidence of light. The bulk sensitivity of up to 403 nm/RIU is measured for the plasmon modes. Furthermore, we assess the surface-sensing performance of the system and obtain a near-field decay length of about 240 nm, meaning that it is desirable to detect the biological protein molecules. The suggested plasmonic-sensing platform has broad application prospects in the development of low-cost and high-throughput biosensor chips.
Harmonic mode-locked noise-like pulses under a Q-switched envelope in
an erbium doped all-fiber ring laser
Authors: C.R. Santosh , Gowrishankar R. , Srivastava Shailesh 
Published: August 2022

We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, harmonic mode-locked noise-like pulses under a

Q

-switched envelope in an all-fiber erbium doped ring laser cavity, mode locked using the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique. For a cavity with a fundamental repetition rate of 1.33 MHz, stable mode-locked noise-like pulses, with few nanoseconds durations, single pulse energies around 30–40 nJ, and

Q

-switched repetition rates up to 31 kHz, were produced and characterized from the fundamental to the eighth harmonic. The formation and evolution of

Q

-switched harmonic mode-locked noise-like pulses were preceded by the formation of

Q

-switched mode-locked noise-like pulse bunches. This is also the first report on noise-like bunches under a

Q

-switched envelope, to our knowledge. Our studies also provide further insights into the interplay of different physical mechanisms involved in the production of such ultrashort pulses. Such sources should prove especially useful for efficient supercontinuum generation and laser micromachining.