bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing US Veterans’ work role functioning: Influences of posttraumatic stress, sense of coherence, and vocational identity
Authors: Osborne Lauren K. , Wright Benjamin J. , Bullock‐Yowell Emily , Mohn Richard S. , Nicholson Bonnie C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVeterans experience numerous psychosocial difficulties following combat including employment difficulties. This study assessed the influence of sense of coherence and vocational identity on the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and work role functioning. Results from a sample of 131 combat Veterans found significant relationships between study variables. Sense of coherence mediated the relationship between PTSS and work role functioning. An indirect relationship between PTSS and work role functioning through vocational identity was not supported. Sense of coherence did not moderate the relationship between PTSS and vocational identity. Clinical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are addressed.
Characterization of synthetic and natural gold chalcogenides by electron microprobe analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and Raman spectroscopic methods
Authors: Palyanova Galina , Beliaeva Tatiana , Kokh Konstantin , Seryotkin Yurii , Moroz Tatyana , Tolstykh Nadezda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectron microprobe analysis (EMPA), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy (RS) were applied to characterize the synthetic gold chalcogenides of the Au–Te–Se–S system and natural analogs from the Gaching deposit (Central Kamchatka, Russia). The EPMA results showed that the synthetic chalcogenides have different Te/Se/S and Au/X (X = Te + Se + S) ratios: AuX2, Au3X10, and AuX. They are similar in composition to natural compounds — calaverite (AuTe2), maletoyvayamite (Au3Te6Se4), and unnamed minerals AuTe0.7Se0.3 and AuSe0.7S0.3. It was established that chalcogenides AuX, Au3X10, and AuX2 have a specific Raman spectra with characteristic peaks. The position of the peaks and the character of the spectra of the synthetic phases and their natural analogs from the Gaching deposit coincide within the limits of accuracy. Different ratios of chalcogenes Te/Se/S in compounds influence the Raman peak positions. The positions of the peaks for natural compounds AuX differ depending on the predominance of Te (AuTe0.7Se0.3) or Se (AuSe0.7S0.3). AuSe synthetic phases consist of a mixture of α‐ and β‐polymorphs. Raman spectroscopy can be used for the identification of natural gold chalcogenides worldwide, which are difficult to diagnose by other methods due to the microscopic grain sizes and close intergrowths with other ore minerals. The similarity of the Raman spectra upon changing the concentrations of Se and S suggests identical structures and possible isomorphism in the composition range of AuTe0.7Se0.3– AuTe0.7Se0.2S0.1, AuTe1.9Se0.1– AuTe1.8Se0.1S0.1, and Au3Te6Se4– Au3Te6S3Se.
Glaze characterization of the glazed pottery from the medieval workshop of Vega (Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Alonso‐Olazabal Ainhoa , Ortega Luis Angel , Zuluaga Maria Cruz , Alonso‐Fernández Carmen , Jimenez‐Echevarría Javier , Sarmiento Alfredo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSixteen glazes on medieval (14th–16th century AD) pottery fragments from Vega pottery workshop (Burgos, Spain) were characterized to investigate the production technology. To this end, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) were used. The studied glaze samples correspond to fragments of high‐quality glazed ware used by the wealthiest society in the city of Burgos. The most representative types of glazes, corresponding to honey‐marble, honey‐yellow, bright light green, and dark green types, were analysed. Raman spectroscopy shows lead was used as a fluxing agent in glaze production. SEM‐EDX analysis confirms the use of lead oxide and evidences that most of the samples underwent at least two firing processes. No Raman signals of crystalline phases were detected on either glaze surfaces or glaze thin‐sections. The exception is the single firing of dark green glazes, which show pseudobrookite and rutile at the clay body/glaze interface measured in thin section. No colouring crystalline phases were identified by Raman spectroscopy either. However, SEM‐EDX shows iron was the most‐used colouring agent whereas copper was used for bright light green glazes. The polymerization index (Ip) values were used to estimate the firing temperatures. The polymerization index values are typically low for lead glazes and indicate firing temperatures below 700°C.
Entrepreneurial intention among women: A case study in the Portuguese academy
Authors: Gomes Sofia , Santos Tânia , Sousa Marlene , Oliveira José Castro , Oliveira Márcio , Lopes João M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA growing interest in academic entrepreneurship has characterized the past few years. Young university students are increasingly encouraged to create their companies to boost their region's social and economic development. In this regard, women entrepreneurs have been playing a decisive role. They have been increasing in number, becoming of key importance due to their status and significance for the gender impact on entrepreneurship. This research evaluates women's entrepreneurial intention in the Portuguese academy, denoting which entrepreneurial intent is influenced by environmental factors such as closer valuation and social valuation and motivational factors such as attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. For this purpose, a quantitative methodology was used. A questionnaire was applied to 731 female students of higher education in Portugal. The analysis of the results allowed us to perceive which variables under study influenced the entrepreneurial intention. The findings will reinforce the literature, thus, contributing to strengthening the theoretical framework on entrepreneurial intentions in women and launching clues for action within public decision‐makers, universities, and civil society, allowing to adopt practices that will increase entrepreneurship in women. To our knowledge, this research is one of the few studies on female entrepreneurial intention in academia in a peripheral region of Europe such as Portugal.
To what extent are PhD students intrapreneurs? A study from a gender perspective
Authors: Baena‐Luna Pedro , Sánchez‐Torné Isadora , Pérez‐Suárez Macarena , García‐Río Esther 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch on intrapreneurial intention (INI) has gone from strength to strength over the past few years. However, some collectives like PhD students have not received the attention they deserve. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the INI of PhD students from a gender perspective. Their tendency to display innovative and risk‐taking behavior was analyzed based on a sample of 393 PhD students. The results evince significant gender differences in this regard.
Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital
Authors: Andriani Luca , Lal Sarika , Kalam Asif Aftab 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuman development cannot occur without women's empowerment. Particularly in marginalized contexts lacking equal treatment between women and men, women's empowerment is conditioned upon their control of financial resources and activities outside their households' tasks, such as entrepreneurial activities. Such contexts have been experiencing the escalation of microfinance schemes of which women have been the main target group. While scholars generally agree on the opportunities that microcredit represents for microentrepreneurial activities, its effective impact on women entrepreneurship, and hence their empowerment, show contrasting results. We aim to contribute to this debate by conducting in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with female members of the group lending model of the microfinance institutions in Uttar Pradesh, northern India. The thematic questions of the interviews address, particularly, the social resources (social capital) and economic conditions underpinning the process of empowerment among women's members of peer‐group lending schemes. We find that social capital plays a crucial role for peer‐group lending to be successful in accessing financial resources and loan repayment. However, we detect the presence of empowerment only where a woman uses the outcome of these social capital resources to pursue her entrepreneurial activities and self‐determined goals.
Access to venture capital: Does gender (still) really matter?
Authors: Nigam Nirjhar , Benetti Cristiane , Mavoori Hareesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEntrepreneurship as an institution is characterized by big gender differences and a very low rate of women participation. The gender of the founder did significantly impact the amount of financing received from venture capitalists. The lower level of education can explain gender differences in entrepreneurial activity, especially in high growth knowledge‐intensive sectors. Women are less likely to pursue STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers than men. Despite similar attributes, female entrepreneurs are held to a different standard than male entrepreneurs in obtaining financing from venture capitalists.
Group‐type quantitative analysis of flavor compounds in ripening avocados
Authors: Ferranti Allison , Hayward Taylor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAvocados are a superfood gaining popularity in people's diet. Profiling and quantifying the volatiles associated with flavor can further help in understanding the fruit. However, this is challenging due to relatively low abundance of volatile compounds. The complex mixtures inherent to avocado flavor can result in coelutions using classical chromatographic techniques. To overcome these challenges, solid‐phase microextraction was used to extract and preconcentrate volatiles, then separated and quantified using two‐dimensional gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. This technique enhances separation power and produces well‐ordered chromatograms, allowing for templated groupings of compounds of similar chemical composition into regions. Using the flame ionization detector, an average response factor was determined and used for quantification of these templated group‐type regions, as well as individual compounds. This group‐type quantification improved the overall precision of compound classes in 50 avocados by at least a factor of 2, when compared to that of the individual components. Overall, the abundance of associated flavor groups, such as terpenes and alcohols decreased, whereas aldehyde groups remained constant throughout ripening. The combination of solid‐phase microextraction with two‐dimensional gas chromatography and group‐type quantification allows for an overall better understanding of the volatiles associated with flavor of avocados.
Highly sensitive simultaneous quantification of indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid in human plasma using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Oda Ayako , Suzuki Yosuke , Sato Banri , Sato Haruki , Tanaka Ryota , Ono Hiroyuki , Ando Tadasuke , Shin Toshitaka , Mimata Hiromitsu , Itoh Hiroki , Ohno Keiko 
Published: March 2022

Indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid are uremic toxins that accumulate in renal failure and have been reported to decrease the activities of the drug‐metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3A and the drug transporter organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B, respectively. In this study, we established and validated an assay for simultaneous quantification of indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid in human plasma. The samples were pretreated by solid‐phase extraction, and measured by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The validation results for this assay were within the acceptable limits recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.05 μg/mL for both indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid. Recovery rates of indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid corrected by internal standard were 100.7–101.9 and 100.2–101.3%, respectively. Matrix effects of indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid corrected by internal standard were 101.1–105.5 and 97.0–103.8%, respectively. The validated assay was used to analyze indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid concentrations in the plasma samples of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic kidney disease. All the measured plasma indoxyl sulfate and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid concentrations were within the calibration ranges. This novel method may contribute to predicting the activities of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in individual patients.
The Ocean's labile DOC supply chain
Authors: Moran Mary Ann , Ferrer‐González Frank X. , Fu He , Nowinski Brent , Olofsson Malin , Powers McKenzie A. , Schreier Jeremy E. , Schroer William F. , Smith Christa B. , Uchimiya Mario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrobes of the surface ocean release, consume, and exchange labile metabolites at time scales of minutes to days. The details of this important step in the global carbon cycle remain poorly resolved, largely due to the methodological challenges of studying a diverse pool of metabolites that are produced and consumed nearly simultaneously. In this perspective, a new compilation of published data builds on previous studies to obtain an updated estimate of the fraction of marine net primary production that passes through the labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. In agreement with previous studies, our data mining and modeling approaches hypothesize that about half of ocean net primary production is processed through the labile DOC pool. The fractional contributions from three major sources are estimated at 0.4 for living phytoplankton, 0.4 for dead and dying phytoplankton, and 0.2 for heterotrophic microbes and mesoplankton.
Chirality‐Induced Bionic Scaffolds in Bone Defects Repair—A Review
Authors: Sun Xinyue , Liu Yue , Wei Yuping , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to lack of amino sugar with aging, people will suffer from various epidemic bone diseases called “undead cancer” by the World Health Organization. The key problem in bone tissue engineering that is not completely resolved is the repair of critical large‐scale bone and cartilage defects. The chirality of the extracellular matrix plays a decisive role in the physiological activity of bone cells and the occurrence of bone tissue, but the mechanism of chirality in regulating cell adhesion and growth is still in the early stage of exploration. The application progress of chirality‐induced bionic scaffolds is reviewed here in bone defects repair based on “soft” and “hard” scaffolds. The aim is to summarize the effects of different chiral structures (l‐shaped andd‐shaped) in the process of inducing bionic scaffolds in bone defects repair. In addition, many technologies and methods as well as issues worthy of special consideration for preparing chirality‐induced bionic scaffolds are also introduced. It is expected that this work can provide inspiring ideas for designing new chirality‐induced bionic scaffolds and promote the development of chirality in bone tissue engineering.
Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy: The Potentiality and Versatility of Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Costa Sofia M. , Fangueiro Raul , Ferreira Diana P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising approach for the treatment of a broad range of diseases, including oncological and infectious diseases. This minimally invasive and localized therapy is based on the production of reactive oxygen species able to destroy cancer cells and inactivate pathogens by combining the use of photosensitizers (PSs), light, and molecular oxygen. To overcome the drawbacks of drug systemic administration, drug delivery systems (DDS) can be used to carrier the PSs, allowing higher therapeutic efficacy and minimal toxicological effects. Polymeric nanofibers produced by electrospinning emerged as powerful platforms for drug delivery applications. Electrospun nanofibers exhibit outstanding characteristics, such as large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio associated with high drug loading, high porosity, flexibility, ability to incorporate and release a wide variety of therapeutic agents, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Due to the versatility of this technique, fibers with different morphologies and functionalities, including drug release profile can be produced. The possibility of scalability makes electrospinning even more attractive for the development of DDS. This review aims to explore and show an up to date of the huge potential of electrospun nanofibers as DDS for different PDT applications and discuss the opportunities and challenges in this field.
The Frontier of Plastics Recycling: Rethinking Waste as a Resource for High‐Value Applications
Authors: Mangold Hannah , von Vacano Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollowing the circular economy hierarchy of reduce and reuse, recycling is the third layer to close the loops for materials and decouple their value from consumption. Polymeric materials (“plastics”) are in principle well suited for recycling, as they can be reprocessed with relatively low energy input as a material, cleaved back into their monomers or converted back to feedstock. Today, these approaches still fall short in quantitatively diverting waste towards reuse. This perspective describes the industry challenges for recycling back into high value applications of polymers, and the portfolio of existing and emerging technology solutions. Sustainable design of products and polymers, recycling technologies, appropriate business models, and enabling technologies converge at the frontier of plastics recycling, for a transformation of the industry towards circularity and greenhouse gas emission neutrality.
Genome sequencing reveals novel noncoding variants in PLA2G6 and LMNB1 causing progressive neurologic disease
Authors: Borja Nicholas , Bivona Stephanie , Peart Lé Shon , Johnson Brittany , Gonzalez Joanna , Barbouth Deborah , Moore Henry , Guo Shengru ,   Undiagnosed Disease Network, Bademci Guney , Tekin Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders and leukodystrophies are progressive neurologic conditions that can occur following the disruption of intricately coordinated patterns of gene expression. Exome sequencing has been adopted as an effective diagnostic tool for determining the underlying genetic etiology of Mendelian neurologic disorders, however genome sequencing offer advantages in its ability to identify and characterize copy number, structural, and sequence variants in noncoding regions. Genome sequencing from peripheral leukocytes was performed on two patients with progressive neurologic disease of unknown etiology following negative genetic investigations including exome sequencing. RNA sequencing from peripheral blood was performed to determine gene expression patterns in one of the patients. Potential causative variants were matched to the patients’ clinical presentation. The first proband was found to be heterozygous for a likely pathogenic missense variant in PLA2G6 (c.386T>C; p.Leu129Pro) and have an additional deep intronic variant in PLA2G6 (c.2035‐926G>A). RNA sequencing indicated this latter variant created a splice acceptor site leading to the incorporation of a pseudo‐exon introducing a premature termination codon. The second proband was heterozygous for a 261 kb deletion upstream of LMNB1 that included an enhancer region. Previous reports of copy number variants spanning this region of cis‐acting regulatory elements corroborated its pathogenicity. When combined with clinical presentations, these findings led to a definitive diagnosis of autosomal recessive infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and autosomal dominant adult‐onset demyelinating leukodystrophy, respectively. In patients with progressive neurologic disease of unknown etiology, genome sequencing with the addition of RNA analysis where appropriate should be considered for the identification of causative noncoding pathogenic variants.
Design of miniaturized 5‐elements array GPS microstrip antenna for anti‐jamming
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jin , Choi Dong‐Su , Choi Yoon‐Seon , Lee Dong‐Kook , Woo Jong‐Myung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we proposed a miniaturized 5‐elements array GPS microstrip antenna for anti‐jamming. For mounting on small air vehicles such as drones, the size of the proposed array antenna was set to 100 mm × 100 mm. To implement this, the radiating element was miniaturized through perturbation theory and high dielectric. For miniaturization of the radiating element, the size of the rectangular radiating element was reduced, and an extension line up to the size of the basic radiating element was formed in each of the four corners. It was folded in an “L” shape and lowered at a right angle to the radiation opening. When arranging, the antenna was rotated by 90 degrees and arrayed sequentially to arrange the feeding point at the corner, avoiding an influence on the interference. In addition, the centered antenna was designed with lowered height of the dielectric to minimize interference with the other four. The consequent single antenna resulted in the size of 19.7 mm × 19.3 mm, achieving 94.5% of miniaturization. This led average isolation between the corner and the center to be −17.59 dB or less. At the center frequency of 1.575 GHz, the average bandwidth for the five radiating elements was at 17.8 MHz. Additionally, the average gain of the Eθ component was −4.62 dBi in the yz‐plane and − 3.58 dBi in the xz‐plane, and efficiency value was 69% in simulation. As a miniaturized 5‐elements array GPS microstrip antenna, it obtained sufficient bandwidth and succeeded to gain to location information in the GPS L1 band.
ConCeptCNN: A novel multi‐filter convolutional neural network for the prediction of neurodevelopmental disorders using brain connectome
Authors: Chen Ming , Li Hailong , Fan Howard , Dillman Jonathan R. , Wang Hui , Altaye Mekibib , Zhang Bin , Parikh Nehal A. , He Lili 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeep convolutional neural network (CNN) and its derivatives have recently shown great promise in the prediction of brain disorders using brain connectome data. Existing deep CNN methods using single global row and column convolutional filters have limited ability to extract discriminative information from brain connectome for prediction tasks.PurposeThis paper presents a novel deep Connectome–Inception CNN (ConCeptCNN) model, which is developed based on multiple convolutional filters. The proposed model is used to extract topological features from brain connectome data for neurological disorders classification and analysis.MethodsThe ConCeptCNN uses multiple vector‐shaped filters extract topological information from the brain connectome at different levels for complementary feature embeddings of brain connectome. The proposed model is validated using two datasets: the Neuro Bureau ADHD‐200 dataset and the Cincinnati Early Prediction Study (CINEPS) dataset.ResultsIn a cross‐validation experiment, the ConCeptCNN achieved a prediction accuracy of 78.7% for the detection of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and an accuracy of 81.6% for the prediction of cognitive deficits at 2 years corrected age in very preterm infants. In addition to the classification tasks, the ConCeptCNN identified several brain regions that are discriminative to neurodevelopmental disorders.ConclusionsWe compared the ConCeptCNN with several peer CNN methods. The results demonstrated that proposed model improves overall classification performance of neurodevelopmental disorders prediction tasks.