bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluatıon of the descriptive values and occlusion effects of air and bone conducted cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in normal individuals
Authors: Taşcı Betül , Gençtürk Ertuğrul , Şerbetçioğlu Mustafa Bülent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study was aimed to establish the descriptive statistical values of cVEMPs’s responses which are evoked by air and bone conducted stimuli and to examine the effects of occlusion on bone conducted (BC) cVEMPs test.

Methods
The study was carried out on 20 individuals (n = 40 ears), 11 women and 9 men, at the Medipol Mega University Hospital. cVEMPs tests were applied in five stages to the individuals who are volunteer to participate in this study. Firstly, the air conducted (AC) cVEMPs test was applied. Then, BC cVEMPs tests were applied in four different conditions with the aim of examining the occlusion effect.

Results
Latency values of the AC cVEMPs response were 15.17 ± 0.77 ms for P1 and 24.12 ± 1.38 ms for N1 and 8.95 ± 1.12 ms for interpeak latencies. P1N1 amplitude value was 149.73 ± 75.00 μV. VEMPs asymmetry ratio (VAR) was 0.16 ± 0.16. Latency measurements of the BC cVEMPs response were 14.38 ± 0.85 ms for P1 and 23.40 ± 1.50 ms for N1 and 9.05 ± 1.57 ms for interpeak latencies. P1N1 amplitude value was 107.58 ± 54.08 μV. VAR was 0.15 ± 0.12. Both AC cVEMPs and BC cVEMPs parameters were demonstrated that there are not any significant differences between female-male and left ear-right ear. When AC and BC cVEMPs responses were compared, the mean P1 and N1 latencies of BC cVEMPs were significantly shorter than those of AC cVEMPs (p < 0.01). The mean amplitudes of AC cVEMPs were significantly larger than those of BC cVEMPs (p < 0.01). When the impact of the occlusion effect on cVEMPs parameters was examined, no statistical significance was found.

Conclusion
As a result, it was thought that the BC cVEMPs, which is not widely used in clinics, might be used in the vestibular assessment of conductive hearing losses (CHL) in clinics, by obtaining descriptive values with this study. In addition, it was thought that it might be used as an auxiliary test to diagnose patients with hyperacusis who are disturbed by loud noises.
Pharmacogenomics: an opportunity for personalised psychotropic prescribing in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Perera Bhathika , Steward Charles , Courtenay Ken , Andrews Timothy , Shankar Rohit 
Published: August 2022

Summary
There is growing evidence for the use of pharmacogenomics in psychotropic prescribing. People with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately prescribed psychotropics and are at risk of polypharmacy. There is an urgent need for safeguards to prevent psychotropic overprescribing but it is equally crucial that this population is not left behind in such exciting initiatives. Understanding how genetic variations affect medications is a step towards personalised medicine. This may improve personalised prescribing for people with intellectual disabilities, especially given the high rate of psychiatric and behavioural problems in this population. Our editorial explores opportunities and challenges that pharmacogenomics offers for the challenges of polypharmacy and overprescribing of psychotropics in people with intellectual disabilities.
Impact of Somatic Mutations on Survival Outcomes in Patients With Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jennifer Rui , Montierth Matthew , Xu Li , Goswami Maitrayee , Zhao Xiao , Cote Gilbert , Wang Wenyi , Iyer Priyanka , Dadu Ramona , Busaidy Naifa L. , Lai Stephen Y. , Gross Neil D. , Ferrarotto Renata , Lu Charles , Gunn Gary Brandon , Williams Michelle D. , Routbort Mark , Zafereo Mark E. , Cabanillas Maria E. 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) uniformly present with aggressive disease, but the mutational landscape of tumors varies. We aimed to determine whether tumor mutations affect survival outcomes in ATC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent mutation sequencing using targeted gene panels between 2005 and 2019 at a tertiary referral center were included. Associations between mutation status and survival outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 202 patients were included, where 122 died of ATC (60%). The median follow-up was 31 months (interquartile range, 18-45 months). The most common mutations were in TP53 (59%), BRAF (41%), TERT promoter (37%), and the RAS gene family (22%). Clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (OS) significantly correlated with mutations in BRAFV600E and RAS, which were mutually exclusive. The BRAFV600E mutation was associated with the presence of a papillary thyroid carcinoma precursor and significantly better OS (median OS: 24 months). RAS-mutated patients more commonly presented without cervical lymph node involvement but had the worst OS (median OS: 6 months). Tumors that were wild-type for both BRAF and RAS were enriched for NF1 mutations and harbored intermediate prognosis (median OS: 15 months). In multivariate analyses, RAS mutations were associated with a more than 2.5-fold higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.66 to 4.20) compared with BRAFV600E. In patients treated with BRAF-directed therapy (n = 60), disease progression occurred in 48% of patients (n = 29). The median progression-free survival was 14 months. The presence of a TP53 mutation was independently associated with reduced progression-free survival in BRAFV600E-mutated patients treated with BRAF-directed therapy (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.35 to 6.21). CONCLUSION Mutation analysis provides prognostic information in ATC and should be incorporated into routine clinical care.
Red Blood Cell Transfusion and Postoperative Infection in Patients Having Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: An Analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael A. , Holmes Sari D. , Taylor Bradley , Ghoreishi Mehrdad , McNeil John S. , Kertai Miklos D. , Bollen Bruce A. , Tanaka Kenichi , Raphael Jacob , Glance Laurent 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most common cardiac surgical procedure in the world and up to one-third of patients are transfused red blood cells (RBCs). RBC transfusion may increase the risk for health care-associated infection (HAI) after CABG, but previous studies have shown conflicting results and many did not establish exposure temporality. Our objective was to explore whether intraoperative RBC transfusion is associated with increased odds of postoperative HAI. We hypothesized that intraoperative RBC transfusion would be associated with increased odds of postoperative HAI.

METHODS:
We performed an observational cohort study of isolated CABG patients in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons adult cardiac surgery database from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2019. The exposure was intraoperative RBC transfusion modeled as 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4+ units. The authors focused on intraoperative RBC transfusion as a risk factor, because it has a definite temporal relationship before postoperative HAI. The study’s primary outcome was a composite HAI variable that included sepsis, pneumonia, and surgical site infection (both deep and superficial). Mixed-effects modeling, which controlled for hospital as a clustering variable, was used to explore the relationship between intraoperative RBC transfusion and postoperative HAI.

RESULTS:
Among 362,954 CABG patients from 1076 hospitals included in our analysis, 59,578 patients (16.4%) received intraoperative RBCs and 116,186 (32.0%) received either intraoperative or postoperative RBCs. Risk-adjusted odds ratios for HAI in patients who received 1, 2, 3, and 4+ intraoperative RBCs were 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.20; P = .005), 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05–1.21; P = .001), 1.15 (95% CI, 1.04–1.27; P = .008), and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.02–1.27; P = .02) compared to patients who received no RBCs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intraoperative RBC transfusion is associated with a small increase in odds of HAI in CABG patients. Future studies should explore whether reductions in RBC transfusion can also reduce HAIs.
Moderators of Resistance Training Effects in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: LOPEZ PEDRO , RADAELLI RÉGIS , TAAFFE DENNIS R. , GALVÃO DANIEL A. , NEWTON ROBERT U. , NONEMACHER ELISA R. , WENDT VICTÓRIA M. , BASSANESI RENATA N. , TURELLA DOUGLAS J. P. , RECH ANDERSON 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze whether the effects of resistance exercise on whole-body fat and lean mass are moderated by exercise dosage (i.e., duration, volume, and intensity), age, body mass index, baseline values, assessment methods, and prescription of aerobic exercise and caloric restriction in overweight/obese adults.

Methods
A systematic search was undertaken in 11 databases from inception to December 2020, with an updated search undertaken in April 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on whole-body fat mass and lean mass in adults who were overweight or obese. Meta-analysis was undertaken with a random-effects model. Associations between mean differences and potential moderators were tested by meta-regression models.

Results
Sixty-seven articles describing 65 trials (n = 2537) were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in a significant change of −1.6 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.9 to −1.3 kg, P < 0.001) in whole-body fat mass and +0.8 kg (95% CI = 0.6 to 0.9 kg, P < 0.001) in lean mass. Male participants experienced greater effects than females (P < 0.001), whereas those presenting with higher levels of fat mass at baseline experienced greater reductions in this outcome (P = 0.084). For lean mass, younger adults experienced greater improvements compared with older participants (P = 0.009), whereas programs comprising resistance exercise and caloric restriction resulted in significant reductions in lean mass (P = 0.035). Resistance exercise dosage or prescription of aerobic exercise was not associated with change in these outcomes.

Conclusions
Resistance-based programs improve body composition regardless of the resistance exercise dosage or aerobic component prescribed in adults who are overweight or obese. In addition, subgroups based on demographic characteristics, baseline levels, and presence of caloric restriction may present with more favorable responses in body composition.
The Relationship between Physiological Characteristics and Durability in Male Professional Cyclists
Authors: SPRAGG JAMES , LEO PETER , SWART JEROEN 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if durability can be predicted from laboratory measures in a professional cycling population.

Methods
Data were collected from 10 professional cyclists (age = 19.2 ± 0.8 yr, body mass = 70.4 ± 5.5 kg, height = 182.9 ± 4.0 cm, body mass index = 21.0 ± 1.3 kg·m−2, V̇O2max = 74.4 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min −1, critical power [CP] = 5.6 ± 0.6 W·kg−1, W′ = 23.7 ± 5.4 kJ). Participants completed a laboratory test and a CP test on two occasions. The second occasion was preceded by a novel fatiguing protocol, which consisted of five bouts of 8-min of exercise at 105%–110% of CP. CP in a fatigued state was expressed as a percentage of the fresh CP and coined delta CP (∆CP). The Pearson product correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between laboratory-based measures and ∆CP.

Results
Significant positive relationships were found between ∆CP and relative peak power output (r = 0.891, P < 0.001), relative maximum oxygen uptake (r = 0.835, P = 0.003), relative power output at the second ventilatory threshold (r = 0.738, P = 0.015), power output at the first ventilatory threshold (r = 0.748, P = 0.013) and relative power output at the first ventilatory threshold (r = 0.826, P = 0.003), gross efficiency at 300 W (r = 0.869, P = 0.001), and at 200 W (r = 0.792, P = 0.006). Significant negative relationships were found between ∆CP and carbohydrate oxidation at 200 W (r = −0.702, P = 0.024). A multiple linear regression demonstrated that ∆CP can be predicted from laboratory measures (R
2 = 0.96–0.98, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the physiological determinants of durability in a professional cycling population.
Effects of Desk Pedaling Work Rate on Concurrent Work Performance among Physically Inactive Adults: A Randomized Experiment
Authors: ROVNIAK LIZA S. , CHO JAY , FREIVALDS ANDRIS , KONG LAN , DE ARAUJO-GREECHER MARIELENA , BOPP MELISSA , SCIAMANNA CHRISTOPHER N. , ROTHROCK LING 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Under-desk pedaling devices could help reduce health risks associated with the global decline in work-related energy expenditure. However, the optimal pedaling work rate to facilitate concurrent work performance among physically inactive adults is unclear. We examined the effects of two light-intensity pedaling work rates on physically inactive adults’ work performance.

Methods
We recruited equal numbers of older (45–65 yr) versus younger (20–44 yr), male versus female, and overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI], 25–35 kg·m−2) versus normal weight (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg·m−2) participants. Using a Graeco-Latin square design, participants (n = 96) completed a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effects of using an under-desk pedaling device at two seated light-intensity work rates (17 and 25 W), relative to a seated nonpedaling condition on objectively measured typing, reading, logical reasoning, and phone task performance. Ergonomic comfort under each pedaling work rate was also assessed. Equivalence tests were used to compare work performance under the pedaling versus nonpedaling conditions.

Results
Treatment fidelity to the 17- and 25-W pedaling work rates exceeded 95%. Mean work performance scores for each pedaling and nonpedaling condition were equivalent under alpha = 0.025. Age, sex, and BMI did not significantly moderate the effect of pedaling on work performance. Participants reported greater ergonomic comfort while completing work tasks at the 17-W relative to the 25-W work rate.

Conclusions
Physically inactive adults obtained similar work performance scores under the 17- and 25-W pedaling and the nonpedaling conditions, suggesting that either pedaling work rate could help reduce health risks of sedentary work time. The 17-W work rate yielded greater ergonomic comfort and may be an appropriate starting point for introducing diverse inactive workers to under-desk pedaling.
Symptom Number and Reduced Preinfection Training Predict Prolonged Return to Training after SARS-CoV-2 in Athletes: AWARE IV
Authors: SNYDERS CAROLETTE , SCHWELLNUS MARTIN , SEWRY NICOLA , KAULBACK KELLY , WOOD PAOLA , SEOCHARAN ISHEN , DERMAN WAYNE , READHEAD CLINT , PATRICIOS JON , OLIVIER BENITA , JORDAAN ESME 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine factors predictive of prolonged return to training (RTT) in athletes with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Athletes not vaccinated against COVID-19 (n = 207) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (predominantly ancestral virus and beta-variant) completed an online survey detailing the following factors: demographics (age and sex), level of sport participation, type of sport, comorbidity history and preinfection training (training hours 7 d preinfection), SARS-CoV-2 symptoms (26 in 3 categories; “nose and throat,” “chest and neck,” and “whole body”), and days to RTT. Main outcomes were hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence interval) for athletes with versus without a factor, explored in univariate and multiple models. HR < 1 was predictive of prolonged RTT (reduced % chance of RTT after symptom onset). Significance was P < 0.05.

Results
Age, level of sport participation, type of sport, and history of comorbidities were not predictors of prolonged RTT. Significant predictors of prolonged RTT (univariate model) were as follows (HR, 95% confidence interval): female (0.6, 0.4–0.9; P = 0.01), reduced training in the 7 d preinfection (1.03, 1.01–1.06; P = 0.003), presence of symptoms by anatomical region (any “chest and neck” [0.6, 0.4–0.8; P = 0.004] and any “whole body” [0.6, 0.4–0.9; P = 0.025]), and several specific symptoms. Multiple models show that the greater number of symptoms in each anatomical region (adjusted for training hours in the 7 d preinfection) was associated with prolonged RTT (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Reduced preinfection training hours and the number of acute infection symptoms may predict prolonged RTT in athletes with recent SARS-CoV-2. These data can assist physicians as well as athletes/coaches in planning and guiding RTT. Future studies can explore whether these variables can be used to predict time to return to full performance and classify severity of acute respiratory infection in athletes.
Influence of the Thermal Environment on Work Rate and Physiological Strain during a UCI World Tour Multistage Cycling Race
Authors: PÉRIARD JULIEN D. , WILSON MATHEW G. , TEBECK SAMUEL T. , GILMORE JAMES B. , STANLEY JAMIE , GIRARD OLIVIER 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to characterize the thermal and cardiovascular strain of professional cyclists during the 2019 Tour Down Under and determine the associations between thermal indices and power output, and physiological strain.

Methods
Gastrointestinal temperature (T
gi), heart rate (HR), and power output were recorded during the six stages (129–151.5 km) of the Tour Down Under in ≤22 male participants. Thermal indices included dry-bulb, black-globe, wet-bulb, and wet-bulb-globe (WBGT) temperature; relative humidity (RH), Heat Index; Humidex; and universal thermal climate index. The heat stress index (HSI), which reflects human heat strain, was also calculated.

Results
Dry-bulb temperature was 23°C–37°C, and RH was 18%–72% (WBGT: 21°C–29°C). Mean T
gi was 38.2°C–38.5°C, and mean peak T
gi was 38.9°C–39.4°C, both highest values recorded during stage 3 (WBGT: 27°C). Peak individual T
gi was ≥40.0°C in three stages and ≥39.5°C in 14%–33% of cyclists in five stages. Mean HR was 131–147 bpm (68%–77% of peak), with the highest mean recorded in stage 3 (P ≤ 0.005). Mean power output was 180–249 W, with the highest mean recorded during stage 4 (P < 0.001; 21°C WBGT). The thermal indices most strongly correlated with power output were black-globe temperature (r = −0.778), RH (r = 0.768), universal thermal climate index (r = −0.762), and WBGT (r = −0.745; all P < 0.001). Mean T
gi was correlated with wet-bulb temperature (r = 0.495), HSI (r = 0.464), and Humidex (r = 0.314; all P < 0.05), whereas mean HR was most strongly correlated with HSI (r = 0.720), along with T
gi (r = 0.599) and power output (r = 0.539; all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Peak T
gi reached 40.0°C in some cyclists, although most remained <39.5°C with an HR of ~73% of peak. Power output was correlated with several thermal indices, primarily influenced by temperature, whereas T
gi and HR were associated with the HSI, which has potential for sport-specific heat policy development.
Case Report: Treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda with low dose hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Awad Andrew , Nirenberg Alexander , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: August 2022

Background: Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a complex metabolic disease resulting from altered activity of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) in the liver resulting in accumulation of uroporphyrin. PCT presents as a blistering photodermatitis with skin fragility, vesicles, scarring and milia. Case: We report a case of PCT in a 67-year-old man with hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutation who, following a major syncopal episode in response to venesection was commenced on low dose hydroxychloroquine. Conclusions: Low dose hydroxychloroquine provided a safe and effective alternative to venesection in this patient who was needle phobic.
Inconclusive results of SARS-CoV2 RT-qPCR: To retest or not?
Authors: Ardianto Christian , Venna Anastasia , Thantry Anita Devi K. , Kaisar Maria M M 
Published: August 2022

Background: Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is widely used to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections. A small proportion (3-5%) of the samples turn out to be inconclusive which are difficult to interpret and require repeat testing. Methods: This study utilizing RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 collected data from the viral RNA extracted using Maccura Mag-Bind RNA from NPOP specimen, then amplified and quantified using Maccura SARS-CoV-2 Fluorescent PCR kit. The data with inconclusive interpretation and re-test results were selected and further analysed. Results: The retrospective analysis of 247 inconclusive samples that were retested was included in the study. Among the inconclusive results from the first test, 80% of samples which expressed SARS-CoV-2 N and E genes (without ORF1ab gene) turned out to be positive in the repeat test (p < 0.001), while 55% of samples that had only one gene expressed initially, were positive on repeat testing. The E gene was detected (without N and ORF1ab gene) in nine samples, of which seven were negative on re-testing. Conclusions: Our study suggests that it is beneficial to repeat the SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test, especially when two genes are expressed, while detection of only E gene in the first test can be regarded as negative.
Parallel Machine Scheduling Under Uncertainty: Models and Exact Algorithms
Authors: Song Guopeng , Leus Roel 
Published: August 2022

We study parallel machine scheduling for makespan minimization with uncertain job processing times. To incorporate uncertainty and generate solutions that are, in some way, insensitive to unfolding information, three different modeling paradigms are adopted: a robust model, a chance-constrained model, and a distributionally robust chance-constrained model. We focus on devising generic solution methods that can efficiently handle these different models. We develop two general solution procedures: a cutting-plane method that leverages the submodularity in the models and a customized dichotomic search procedure with a decision version of a bin packing variant under uncertainty solved in each iteration. A branch-and-price algorithm is designed to solve the bin packing problems. The efficiency of our methods is shown through extensive computational tests. We compare the solutions from the different models and report the general lessons learned regarding the choice between different frameworks for planning under uncertainty. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72101264 and 71801218] and the Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province [Grant 2020RC4046]. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1229 .