bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOTIVASI BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVISTIK (Sebuah Kajian Teoretik Berdasarkan Teori Ekspektansi Vroom)
Authors: Nitbani Semuel 
Published: October 2022

Salah satu teori yang lebih realistis dalam penjelasan tentang motivasi pembelajaran Konstruktivistik adalah teori Ekspektansi Vroom berdasarkan prinsip dalam hubungan antara keduanya. Keterkaitan ini menunjukkan bahwa, (1) siswa akan termotivasi untuk membentuk kemampuan dirinya sendiri apabila terdapat determinator eksternal yang memberikan kemungkinan pencapaian hasil yang siswa inginkan. (2) Proses pembentukan kemampuan diri sendiri oleh siswa berlangsung melalui tahapan-tahapan yang memenuhi syarat, penting, dan meyakinkan, dalam gambaran psikologis siswa pada rentangan nilai -1 hingga +1, yakni nilai -1 adalah siswa yakin bahwa hasil kedua tidak mungkin dicapai tanpa hasil pertama, hingga +1, yang menunjukkan bahwa siswa yakin bahwa hasil pertama penting dan memenuhi syarat untuk mencapai hasil kedua. Prinsip teori Ekspektansi ini kogruen dengan teori Konstruktivistik Vygoutsky dalam perspektif Scaffollding yang mempersepsi proses sebagai rangkaian hasil-hasil yang meyakinkan dan memenuhi syarat. (3) Implementasi konsep teori Ekspektansi Vroom dalam pembelajaran Konstruktivistik berlangsung melalui berlakunya: (a) Konsep valensi, yakni kepercayaan terhadap karakterisktik individu dan preferensi siswa dalam membentuk kemampuannya sendiri; (b) Konsep instrumentalis, yakni keterpenuhan syarat dalam setiap tahapan pembelajaran; (c) Konsep harapan, yakni kemungkinan pencapaian hasil belajar yang disediakan guru; (d) Konsep kekuatan, yakni daya tarik siswa pada hasil-hasil pembelajaran yang diinginkannya. Motivasi belajar siswa berlaku sejalan dengan derajat kepercayaan terhadap pencapaian hasil-hasil yang diinginkan siswa. Semakin besar kemungkinan pencapaian hasil yang diinginkan maka motivasi belajar akan semakin kuat.
RMNCH+A: A Strategic Approach to Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health in India: A New Initiative in Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Nag Kaushik , Patra Manas 
Published: October 2022

Mother & child health care remained at the core of health care delivery system in India since independence. India is the first country to launch a National Family Planning Program 1952 which focused mostly on population control. After almost 25 years ofoperation, it was revealed that population control goals cannot be attained in isolation, without ensuring health and well-being ofmothers and children. The â€˜welfareâ€™ concept was introduced in the National Family Welfare Programmelaunched in 1977.Inyear 1992, Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Programme was launched, where all MCH interventions, solong running vertically, were brought under single umbrella.Following the International Conference on Population Development(ICPD) held at Cairo in1994, Reproductive and Child Health(RCH) approach was adopted in India in 1997. RCH approachintegrated all existing MCH interventions with two additional components of adolescent health and management of RTIs& STIs.
Awareness Regarding Cervical Cancer and Preventive Practices Among Rural Married Women of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Mani Geetha , Annadurai Kalaivani , Danasekaran Raja 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the commonest malignancy among Indian women causing high mortality and considerable socioeconomic burden. In developing countries like India primary and secondary prevention in the form of risk reduction and screening for precancerous lesions respectively offers the best hope for control of the disease. The success of preventive strategies depends on awareness and utilization of the services by the women. Objectives: To assess the awareness regarding cervical cancer and preventive practices related to cervical cancer among rural women in a selected area of Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 100 women attending a rural health centre, in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu between May and July 2012, using a semi-structured schedule. Results:Among the 100 participants, 74% were aware of the term cervical cancer. This awareness was positively associated with higher levels of education, socioeconomic status and occupational status (p< 0.05). Awareness about symptoms (29.7%), risk factors (1.35%), Pap smear (14.9%), other screening methods (13.5%) and treatment (4%) was low. None of the participants were aware of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine and none had undergone screening or immunisation with HPV. Conclusion: The awareness about cervical cancer and utilization of screening services was very low among the participants. This emphasises the need for integrating extensive awareness building measures in cancer control programmes. A multi-pronged approach is essential to cover women belonging to various socioeconomic subgroups. Key words: Awareness; cervical cancer; cervical cancer screening; human papilloma virus vaccine; Pap smear.
Clinical Trial â€“ An Introduction to Essential Prerequisites
Authors: Paul Bobby , Saha Indranil , Kumar Sanjay , Ghose Gautam 
Published: October 2022

In todayâ€™s global scientific era, clinical trials are the mainstay for bringing newer and better drugs to market and it has become an indispensable part of the drug discovery process to ensure safety and efficacy of any new drug. According to the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry, India is set to grab clinical trials business valued at approximately US$ 1 billion by 2010, up from US$ 200 million last year, making the subcontinent one of the worldâ€™s preferred destinations for clinical trials. Drug companies are drawn to India for several reasons, including a techniÂ¬cally competent workforce, patient availability, low costs and a friendly drug-control system which is good news for Indian economy. On the contrary, the booming clinical trial industry is raising concerns because of lack of regulations regarding trials by private drug companies, uneven application of protocol for informed consent and proper ethical review 1.This article tries to give a general overview regarding different steps and criteria of conduction of clinical trials.
Vitamin D Deficiency â€“ The Modern Epidemic
Authors: Bagchi Subrata 
Published: October 2022

Researchers have analyzed data on vitamin D status on adult population in USA and found Vit D deficiency or insufficiency in 50-78%1. In United Kingdom 90% of adult population had low vitamin D2. It is extremely common in Sunny Middle East because people cover their body with clothes. The causes of vitamin D deficiency are â€“ modern life style, Sun phobia because of skin cancer, wrinkles, aging spots; obesity, medical illness e.g. mal-absorption, liver & kidney disease; medications e.g. phenytoin, phenobarbital, steroid. Natural vitamin has two forms, vitamin D3 (cholecaciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D3 is superior to vitamin D2.Vitamin D affects every system in human body. It plays a vital role in health of muscle and bones, normal functioning of immune system, controls growth of normal and cancerous cells, prevention & treatment of type 2 diabetes, prevention of heart disease, kidney disease & heart failure, prevention of coronary artery disease, treatment of psoriasis, prevention of dental problems and prevention & treatment of depression3 In people with Vit D deficiency the parathyroid glands produce more than normal amount of PTH, which cause excessive dissolving of calcium from bone leading to bone aches and pain. Vitamin D deficiency is a major cause of osteoporosis. There is a direct correlation between Vit D level and bone mineral density. Post menopausal women with osteoporosis had low level of Vit D. Steroids antagonize effects of Vit D.
Socio-biological determinants of contraceptive practice in a district of West Bengal, India: An appraisal
Authors: Baur Baijayanti , Haldar Anima , Naskar Subhrajyoti , Roy Samir kumar 
Published: October 2022

Background:Contraceptive practice is said to be associated with socio-economic status, education & many other factors prevailed in the areas. Population stabilization and reduction of population growth are the basic aims behind contraceptive practices. Objectives: To assess current status of contraceptive practice among eligible couples & determine its social correlates. Material & Methods: A community based cross- sectional study was carried out in Paschim Midnapur district of West Bengal in 2009. Multistage random sampling method was followed. Total 16 areas were selected for study purpose and from each area 125 married women were interviewed to cover 2000 eligible couples. Results: 67.4% contraceptive prevalence rate and 62.6% couple protection rate were observed in the study with a finding that contraceptive use directly proportional with literacy status and social class. The contribution of tubectomy was highest (61.9%) in couple protection. Area wise variation (46% to 76%) in couple protection rate also detected. Conclusion: Strengthening of Behavior change Communication Campaign needed for awareness generation in promotion of spacing methods.
Effect of Maternal Factors on Low Birth Weight Baby in a Medical College of Kolkata
Authors: Sain Sonali , Mukhopadhyay Prianka , Saha Tushar Kanti , Chattopadhyay Amitabha , Dey Indira , Mandal Nirmal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Background: Low birth weight is a major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and also has a long-term impact on health outcomes in adult life. Objectives: The present study was undertaken with the objectives of assessment of occurrence of low birth weight babies delivered in NRS Medical College & Hospital and to find out the role of different sociodemographic and pregnancy related factors influencing low birth weight. Method: A descriptive, observational study was conducted in the postnatal ward of the Hospital. All mothers who delivered during the study period were interviewed and relevant record was reviewed. Results: 38% of the babies had low birth weight. Proportion of teenage mothers were higher in case of low birth weight babies compared to the mothers of normal birth weight babies ( 27.7% Vs 17% ). 72.3% of the LBW babies were from family with per capita income < Rs 3000/- compared to 37.7% normal birth weight babies. 67.7% of mothers of low birth weight babies had last child birth within 3years compared to 33% of normal babies. 10.7% of the mothers of LBW babies had <3 ANC visits compared to 1.8% in other group. 22.6% of the mothers consumed <100 Folifer tablets and 23.1% smoked tobacco during the antenatal period who delivered LBW babies compared to 1.8% and 2.8% respectively in their counterparts. Conclusion: Magnitude of low birth weight is still high and various unfavourable socio-demographic, antenatal and obstetric factors increased the risk of delivering low birth weight baby.
Abnormal Lipoprotein as a Determinant of Increased Blood Pressure: a Community Based Study in Rural Nagpur
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Ray Deepanjan , Ferdows Sk. Samim , Ghose Gautam , Durge P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is a modern epidemic. Dyslipidemia with hypertension increase cardiovascular morbidity by many folds. Abnormal lipoprotein profile itself associated with raised blood pressure. The study was conducted to find out the proportion of dyslipidemia and any association between the different components of blood lipids with hypertension. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted in rural area of Nagpur among 574 adult subjects. Biochemical investigation was undertaken among 110 subsample and statistical tests were conducted with the help of SPSS software, version 19.0. Results: Prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was 17.9% and 83.63% respectively. Positive correlation was found between SBP and Cholesterol, LDL-C. Conclusion: Regular screening for blood pressure and lipoprotein profile in community and adequate management will have beneficial role in prevention of development of early cardiovascular disorders in population.
A Qualitative Assessment of Current Perception of Different Social Groups about Leprosy in High & Low Prevalent Districts of West Bengal
Authors: Mandal N.K. , Saha G. 
Published: October 2022

Background: A KAP study on leprosy among leprosy patients, family members, community & service providers was conducted in both high & low prevalent district of West Bengal. As a part of the study, to corroborate its finding, a qualitative assessment on perceptions of different social groups about leprosy in the study area was undertaken. Objectives: To assess perception & attitude of different social groups about leprosy. Materials & Methods: 26 FGDs in high prevalent and 72 FGD in low prevalent districts of West Bengal were arranged with different social groups like health workers, ASHA, panchayer members, NGO repepresentatives etc. Total 274 persons in high prevalent districts & 780 persons in low prevalent districts, representing different social groups of the locality participated in the discussion. Results: Most of the panchayet representatives & villagers had poor knowledge & adverse attitudes & stigma towards leprosy, whereas ASHA workers were found to have inadequate knowledge about the disease. Conclusion: Community involvement, reorientation & adequate training of front line workers, proven IEC are required to address the problem.
A Study on Overweight & Obesity and its Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in Kolkata
Authors: Adhikari Anurag , Dey Indira , Mandal N K 
Published: October 2022

Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as an "escalating epidemic" affecting both developed and developing countries. Medical students working under stress and adopting more sedentary life style, are likely to be the victims of obesity. Objectives: To find out prevalence of overweight & obesity and associated risk factors among medical students in Kolkata. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out among undergraduate students of NRS Medical College, Kolkata with a sample siza-150. Results: 18% students were overweight and 2% obese. Mean height & weight of boys were higher significantly than that of girls. 20.7% boys & 17.2% girls were either overweight or obese. 24% boys and only 7% girls have the habit of addition to smoking and or alcohol. 26.7% students, about 23% male & 33% female, not used to perform any exercises. 24% students have family history of obesity. Of them 27.8% developed overweight. No association of overweight with factors like family history, physical exercise, addiction, food habit or stress factor could be statistically established. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight among medical students trend to be high. Promotion to adopt healthy lifestyles is urgently required.
Breastfeeding Week Celebrations at ESI Hospitals
Authors: Pisudde PM , Ahmad Shamshad , Prasad Ramkesh , Yadav Ashish , Rekha Dutt 
Published: October 2022

In August 2014, the Department of Community Medicine celebrated breastfeeding week in our hospital(ESIC hospital, Joka) and field practice area (ESI hospital budge budge) which is our Urban health training centre in southern part of Kolkata. The theme for this year is â€œBreastfeeding: A Winning Goal for Life!â€ The theme for this year's World Breastfeeding Week asserts the importance of increasing and sustaining the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding for achieving the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) and improving child survival and nutrition in the Post 2015 development agenda of sustainable development goals.1To begin with, we referred to National Family Health Survey-3 data and tried to find out the status of breastfeeding practices in our areas. We found that percentage of children who received breastfeeding in one hour was just 23.7%.2 . District level health survey shows that percentage of children who received breastfeeding in one hour is 38.5% only while that the Mothers who received any antenatal check-up is 96.1% 3 This signifies poor implementation of breastfeeding policies in health care facilities and also signifies the missed opportunity to health educate the mother and her relatives about importance of exclusive breastfeeding. In the settings, where the ANC check up is high, the staff of healthcare facilities should ensure education of the mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding, positioning, and attachment of infant to the breast while providing the ANC care and same should be continued after delivery. To achieve this, staff of the health care facility should be educated and trained in the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, positioning, and attachment of breast. Hence, as a part of breastfeeding week celebrations, we decided to conduct one-day workshop for the staff nurse working in maternity and paediatric wards and OPD of the ESIC hospital Joka and ESI hospital budge budge. We used this time to explain how important is exclusive breastfeeding and how does it influences neonatal mortality by decreasing it six times if exclusive breastfeeding is given.4 We showed how the mother can position the child and attach the child to the breast. We used an Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) guidelines, which is recommended under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). We could offer these skills-based training to 44 staff nurse of two hospital and 4 ward ayaa from ESI budge budge hospital. We used photographs, Power Point presentations and videos. We also emphasized the importance of breastfeeding week and its theme. We also emphasize on stopping or discontinuation of use of infant milk substitute, feeding bottles and infant foods which is also stated by government of India, in 1992 (IMS act) as provided by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India. Faculty of Community Medicine department, of which one is trained in IMNCI strategy, conducted the sessions.
Determinants for Utilization of Post-Partum Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kotwani Priya , Patwardhan Vaibhav , Saha Somen 
Published: October 2022

Background: India ranks second in terms of population in the world. Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh has total fertility rate more than or equal to 3.0 and is a Mission ParivarVikas district.Objectives:This study assesses the level of satisfaction amongst the acceptors of Post-Partum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD), identify the reasons for removal of PPIUCD, assesses the quality of PPIUCD related counselling given to Antenatal women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February to July 2018. The sample included 255 beneficiaries of PPIUCD. Only those women who got PPIUCD inserted before six months were part of the study. In addition, 30 counselling session were assessed to evaluate the quality of counselling.Results: Higher acceptance for PPIUCD was seen among primiparous, expulsion was reported in 10.98% of the cases, abdominal pain was a complaint in 12.94% and bleeding in 21.96% of the women. Majority stated bleeding issues as the reason for removal. Gaps observed during counselling werefailure to offer basket of choices, non-involvement of partner or family member emphasizing the advantages and failure to inform about the limitations and side effects of PPIUCD.Conclusion: Government is taking many efforts in bringing down the TFR. With such low expulsion rates, PPIUCD can be the solution for the countries facing population crises. It can help bring down the high maternal and neonatal mortality.Acceptance for PPIUCD can be improved by counselling the women during antenatal period through dedicated family planning counsellors.
mHealth: A Newer Perspective in Healthcare through Mobile Technology
Authors: Danasekaran Raja , Raja TK , Kumar M Buvnesh 
Published: October 2022

The rapid spread of mobile technologies as well as advancements in their innovative applications to address the health issues has resulted in the development of a new field in healthcare known as mHealth. As of now close to 5 billion mobile phone subscriptions are in the world, with 85% of the worldâ€™s population are being covered by a commercial wireless signal. 1 The growing sophistication of these mobile networks which offer very high speeds of data transmission are transforming the way health services and information are accessed, delivered, and managed.2
Morbidities among People Living Close to Bio-Medical Waste Incinerator: a Study in a Rural Area of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Raina Sunil Kumar , Chauhan Raman , Kumar Parveen , Sharma Sushant , Bajwa Harshvardhan , Sharma Shailja , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Current study was planned to assess the difference in prevalence for common adverse health events among people living close and distant to biomedical management incinerator (BMWI) in district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.Methodology: A case-control study design was chosen to assess the association of BMWI and health events. People living close (Case) and distant (Control) to BMWI were assessed for common health problems related to gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, and eye. Data collection was carried out by using structured interviewer administered questionnaire by trained medical professionals i.e. residents and interns.Results: Total 1479 people were surveyed of which 735 were cases and rest 734 were controls . Distribution of variables related to demographic and socio-economic status observed to similar across case and control villages. Odds Ratio (OR) observed to be 5.53 (3.18-9.63) in case villages for all types of morbidities and for respiratory (4.04; 1.81-9.04), skin (6.27; 2.26-17.36), and eye (11.12; 4.41-32.74) related problems.Conclusion: People living proximal to BMWI observed with high risk for adverse health events related to respiratory, skin, and eye. Establishment of surveillance system with biochemical assessments is required to establish causal effect of BMWI on population health.
Self-empowerment Boosts Confidence: Assessing Experience of Martial Arts Workshop among Undergraduate Students in North Bengal Medical College
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjana , Sengupta Sandip , Biswas Jagadish , Chowdhury Ananya 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Martial arts has remained an age old tradition of boosting confidence and increasing self esteem. Apart from self defence it is a well known sports which requires skill, Revised curriculum in foundation course for undergraduate medical students has incorporated it as an integral part of learning. Objective: Hence a daylong workshop was planned in North Bengal Medical College to assess outcome among students primarily Methods: Experts of the field were invited and they held a hands on workshop teaching them basic skills apart from enlightening the theoretical aspect and importance. 84 female students could be studied using questionnaire. A pre-test and post-test assessment was done on few relevant issues. Dean of student affairs was interviewed in depth for his experience on the issue. Results: 63.5% students opined they benefitted. A significant difference was noted in responses of fears faced and confidence to face the world. It would empower women more and inspire them to be self-reliant was opined by the Dean. Students and trainers were satisfied with the experience and placed demand for further workshop of similar kind or provision of regular coaching class. Conclusion: The study concluded that martial arts training are empowering and help in increasing self confidence. It should be made an integral part of learning and incorporated judiciously in the curriculum.