bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contradictions in Horticulture as We Enter the Last Decade of the 20th Century Presidential Address1
Authors: Larson Roy A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Once upon a time, in a far-off land, a member of the genus Gallus was walking through a forest populated with trees of the genus Quercus. Suddenly, something fell and struck this creature on the head. The creature was quite cowardly—you might even call it “chicken”—and it began to run and cry, “The sky is falling, the sky is falling, and I must tell the king”. On the way to the palace, she encountered other feathered members, whose names are really inappropriate to use in a sophisticated presidential address—names such as Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Goosey Loosey, and Turkey Lurkey—and she told them the news and they joined her in her rush to see the king. They then met a rather devious character, who said he would show them a short-cut to the palace, but he really intended to have a sumptuous dinner of low-cholesterol, low-protein poultry products. Chicken Little forever remained a pessimist and never again went into the oak forest without an umbrella.
Role of Horticulture in the Economy of Developing Nations: A Global Overview
Authors: Hopper David W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great pleasure and honor for me to open today's proceedings of your distinguished society. I am, however, somewhat intimidated by the task of addressing the many interests that are represented in the audience. There are as many different types of scientific and commercial expertise in your society as there are fruits and vegetables in my local grocery store! And, thanks in part to the efforts of the Members of your society, shopping in its produce department is increasingly interesting, if somewhat bewildering. One never knows whether to be adventuresome or to stick with those products for which long experience has proved a clear guide. Usually, of course, one does both.
Paclobutrazol and Urea-phosphate Increase Rooting and Survival of Peach ‘Maravilha’ Softwood Cuttings
Authors: Wiesman Z. , Riov J. , Epstein E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrazol treatment combined with IBA and urea-phosphate significantly enhanced the rooting of softwood peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) ‘Maravilha’ cuttings. Application of paclobutrazol to the mother plants 8 months before removal of cuttings was more effective than application directly to the cuttings. The survival rates of rooted cuttings obtained from paclobutrazol-treated plants were significantly higher than those obtained from untreated plants. Chemical names used: 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-tria-zole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Rootstocks Influence Mineral Nutrition of ‘Montmorency’ Sour Cherry
Authors: Hanson Eric J. , Perry Ronald L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of two rootstocks on leaf nutrient concentrations of ‘Montmorency’ sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) was studied at two locations for 4 years. Trees on Mazzard (Prunus avium L.) rootstocks were generally higher in leaf K, Ca, B, N, and Mn concentrations, but lower in leaf Mg than trees on Mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) rootstocks. Differences due to rootstocks did not appear to be related to crop load or tree vigor.
Influence of Supplemental Irrigation on Development of Potatoes in the Tropics
Authors: Marutani M. , Cruz F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted under tropical conditions in Guam to determine the influence of supplemental irrigation on plant development and tuber yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Red Pontiac). Three levels of trickle irrigation were compared with nonirrigated plots. Soil moisture levels of irrigated plots were maintained at soil tensions of 10, 40, and 70 kPa. Frequent irrigation promoted rapid canopy development. In contrast, canopy development of nonirrigated plants was reduced. Supplemental irrigation did not influence the date of tuber initiation. The heavily irrigated plots had reduced yields primarily due to outbreak of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and soft rot bacteria (Erwinia spp.).
Germination Response of Tepary and Navy Beans to Sodium Chloride and Temperature
Authors: Goertz Steven H. , Coons Janice M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
White and brown accessions of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray var. latifolius) and navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Fleetwood’) were germinated at 0.0, −0.5, −1.0, −1.5, −2.0, and −2.5 MPa of NaCl at 25 or 35C for 9 days. Differences in germination percentages and rates between the two species were significant, especially at the higher salt concentrations. At 25C and salinities greater than or equal to − 2.0 MPa, tepary accessions had significantly higher percentage germination and germination rates than navy. At 35C this difference was noted at −1.5 MPa. The fresh weights of root plus hypocotyl appeared lower than controls at even the lowest concentration of salinity (− 0.5 MPa), suggesting that seeds germinated with NaCl did not produce vigorous seedlings. Of the three beans tested, the two tepary beans were more tolerant to NaCl than the navy bean, with the white tepary being most tolerant.
Response of Sweet Corn to Nitrogen Source and Rate on Histosols
Authors: Sanchez C. A. , Nagata R. T. , Guzman V. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studies were conducted during five cropping periods to evaluate the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) to N fertilizer source and rate on Histosols. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate were top-dressed at four rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N/ha) to sweet corn plots at the 15-leaf (V15) stage. Nitrogen-15-depleted materials were used to assess the recovery of fertilizer N applied to these soils. From 13% to 62% of the N applied was accounted for in the aboveground plant (stover and ears). Recoveries of fertilizer N in the marketable ears ranged from 9% to 37%. The addition of N increased sweet corn yields in four of the five experiments, regardless of N source. Fertilizer N did not improve sweet corn yield in one experiment, but resulted in significant increases in sweet corn ear quality. These results suggest that under most conditions sweet corn yields on Histosols are maximized between 40 and 60 kg N/ha applied just before tasseling.
Tomato Root Development Affected by Traveling Trickle Irrigation Rate
Authors: Sanders D. C. , Howell T. A. , Hile M. M. S. , Hodges L. , Phene C. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root length densities (cm·cm−3) of ‘VF145-B7879’ and ‘UC-82B’ tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were determined at three depths and four locations across the planting bed for traveling trickle irrigation treatments applied at 35%, 70%, and 105% of evapotranspiration (ET). Cultivars did not differ in root length densities or in their effect on soil moisture levels. Root length density and soil moisture decreased with soil depth. Although soil moisture was greater in the furrows, the zones of highest root concentration were between the rows of plants and along the edge of the beds. Greater root length density was found in the 35% ET than in the 70% or 105% ET irrigation rate. Chemical names used: 2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide (napropamide); S-propyl butylethylthiocarbamate (pebulate).
Control of Water and Nutrients Using a Porous Tube: A Method for Growing Plants in Space
Authors: Dreschel Thomas W. , Sager John C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A plant nutrient delivery system that uses a microporous, hydrophilic tube was developed with potential application for crop production in the microgravity of space. The tube contains a nutrient solution and delivers it to the roots. Pumps attached to the tubing create a very small suction that holds the solution within the tube. This system was used to grow wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Yecora Rojo) for 107 days in a controlled environment at suctions of 0.40, 1.48, or 2.58 kPa. The water absorbed through the pores of the tube by baby diaper sections decreased as suction increased. Correspondingly, final plant biomass, seed number, and spikelet number also tended to decrease as suction increased. The reduced yield at higher suction suggests that the plants experienced water stress, although all suctions were below those typical of soils at field capacity.
Breaking Corm Dormancy and Accelerated Flowering of Gladiolus with Methyl Disulfide
Authors: Hosoki Takashi , Kubara Takehito 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The dormant period of corms in spring-flowering gladiolus (Gladiolus × tubergenii ‘Charm’) was shortened with a 4-hour treatment of methyl disulfide (MeS2), one of the volatiles from garlic. Flowering rate of the treated corms with or without 15 days of storage at 30C was greatly enhanced compared with untreated control corms. In plants from 4-hour MeS2-treated corms, flower quality, as measured by flower stalk length, flower inflorescence length, floret number, and leaf number, was acceptable for December and January markets. The most beneficial effect by 4-hr MeS2 treatment was an increase in cut flowers on the second shoots, which did not flower on control corms. The relationship between accelerated sprouting by MeS2 treatment and rapid increase in respiration was also discussed.
Herbicide Effects on Kentucky Bluegrass Rooting
Authors: Reicher Z. J. , Christians N. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A series of studies was conducted during 2 years with various environmental and management conditions to investigate the effect of herbicides on rooting of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Benefin at 2.2 and 3.4 kg·ha−1, pendimethalin at 1.7 and 3.4 kg·ha−1, and DCPA at 11.8 and 16.8 kg·ha−1 inhibited rooting when tillers were grown in tubes in a greenhouse. Inhibition was greater in the upper 14 cm of the profile than deeper down. Prodiamine at 0.6 and 1.1 kg·ha−1 consistently reduced clipping weights and verdure. However, none of the treatments inhibited rooting in the field in the two years of the study. Chemical names used: N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine (benefin); dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachIoro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (DCPA); (±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]-phen-oxy]propanoic acid (fenoxaprop); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(triflouromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine).
Sensory Differences between Bananas Ripened Without and With Ethylene
Authors: Scriven Frances M. , Gek Choo Ong , Wills Ron B. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A descriptive analysis panel used the terms fruitiness, greenness, and softness to score the flesh of bananas (Musa ×paradisiaca L.) ripened either with ethylene or allowed to ripen naturally to the same skin color. Fruit that ripened naturally were considered more fruity, less green, and softer than ethylene-treated fruit.
Reduction of Ethylenethiourea Residues in Canned Spinach
Authors: Gonzalez A. R. , Davis D. R. , Elkins E. R. , Kim E. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field-grown spinach (Spinacea oleraceae L.) sprayed with ethylenebisdi-thiocarbamate fungicides was washed to reduce the carbamate residue ethylenethiourea (ETU) in canned spinach. The spinach was washed with water, water + sodium hypochlorite, detergents, or detergents + sodium hypochlorite. After washing, the spinach was canned and evaluated for ETU residue and quality. ETU residue was 63 ppm in non-washed carbamate field-treated spinach, 6.9 ppm in water-washed samples, and only 0.1 ppm in washing treatments containing detergents. Washing treatments had little effect on the quality of the canned spinach; only titratable acidity was reduced significantly.
Reduction of Chilling Injury in Zucchini Squash by Temperature Management
Authors: Kramer George F. , Yi Wang Chien 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prestorage temperature conditioning of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Ambassador) at 10 or 15C was effective in delaying the onset of chilling injury (surface pitting) during storage at 2.5 or 5.0C. Intermittent warming in cycles of 2 days of chilling followed by 1 day at 20C was also effective in minimizing surface pitting. One-half of the preconditioned squash stored at 5C still was marketable 16 days after harvest, as compared to only 8 days for the chilled control. Due to its simplicity, temperature preconditioning may have potential to become a commercially important technique for extending the shelf life of zucchini squash.
Fertilization Termination Influences Postharvest Performance of Pot Chrysanthemum
Authors: Nell Terril A. , Barrett James E. , Leonard Ria T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interior longevity of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) increased 9 to 16 days on plants maintained at a mean maximum PAR level of 500 μmol·s−1·m−2 compared to plants shifted to 100 μmol·s−1·m−2 7 weeks after the start of inductive photoperiods. Termination of fertilization 7 weeks after initiation of inductive photoperiods increased interior longevity 7 days at PAR levels of 100 and 300 μmol·s−1·m−2 compared to plants where fertilization was continued until flowering. Plant quality and interior longevity were higher at a simulated shipping temperature of 4C than at 16 or 24C. Shipping duration had little effect on longevity at 4 and 16C, but decreased longevity 7 days when duration was extended from 2 to 7 days at 24C. Termination of fertilization 3 weeks before flowering increased longevity from 6 to 10 days at all simulated shipping temperatures and durations.
Potassium Nutrition of Deciduous Fruits
Authors: Forshey C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf symptoms of K deficiency in grapes were described as early as 1894, but this nutritional disorder was not identified in deciduous fruits until 1928. It is the most common nutritional problem of grapes and all other deciduous fruits require K fertilization under certain soil conditions. Potassium deficiency is frequent on light, sandy soils low in K, on heavy soils with a high fixing power, and on calcareous soils. On susceptible soils, it is often associated with heavy production.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Childers Norman F. , Whitaker Thomas W. , Blackwell Cecil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For several years the Executive Committee and members of ASHS have discussed the movement of housing developments and industry on to our best agricultural land and how this trend can be slowed or stopped. We have watched this development in New Jersey for many years and, as you know, we are in an area about as densely populated as any place in the world. Developers and industry want the fertile relatively level agricultural land and will pay a premium for it because of its good drainage, fertile top soil and relatively low cost of shifting and leveling the soil.
Some Effects and Potential Uses of Ethrel on Ornamental Crops1
Authors: Shanks James B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethrel, a mixture of 2-chl-oroethanephosphonic acid and related compounds, has shown activity in dwarfing, inducing abscission, stimulating lateral or basal branching, and increasing the number of branches formed following topping. Examples of these effects on several flower crops are presented. Ethrel was shown to be absorbed and translocated by leaves, roots, or cut stems. Some of these effects were long-lasting in treated plants and of particular interest was the increase in number of branches formed when applied in conjunction with the chemical pinching agents.
Inhibition of Sprouting in Sweetpotatoes by Treatment with CIPC
Authors: Kushman L. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After harvest, sweetpotato roots are usually cured for about a week at 85°F with high relative humidity before storage at 55° to 60°. If the curing period exceeds a week, or the storage temperature after curing cannot be kept as low as 60°, sprouts grow and often become excessively long. In most storages, sprout growth is difficult to control in the top part of storage rooms where heat and moisture tend to accumulate. Consequently, sprouts often must be removed by hand during preparation for marketing and this labor increases the cost of grading.
Growth and Development of the Garden Center Industry in the United States1
Authors: Davidson Harold , Snell Dennis A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years there has been a constant increased demand for ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, garden equipment, and related supplies. The demand was generated by large increases in suburban populations, increased disposable incomes, and more leisure time. These factors have helped create an estimated 81 million home gardeners caring for over 5 million acres of home lawns and gardens. These facts have caused some researchers and tradesmen to proclaim gardening as America's number one hobby.
About Our Cover
Authors: Eigsti . J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The seedless triploid hybrid watermelon is still relatively new to Horticulture. The seedless watermelon became a potential reality when it was learned that colchicine could be used to convert diploid strains into reproducible tetraploids for purposes of production (2). For the early beginning we must go back to 1889 (3), when B. Pernice of Palermo, Sicily, published unmistakable evidence that colchicine causes metaphasic-arrest among actively mitotic cells (10).
Use of Controlled Environment for Vegetable Production in Desert Regions of the World
Authors: Jensen Merle H. , Teran R. Marco Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many of the world's desert areas remain uninhabited but could be made productive, even attractive for settlement, if certain necessities were present. One such necessity is food. If crops are to be grown, water for irrigation and an environment conducive to good crop production are needed. Water is not available in most desert regions and must be provided together with the required power to pump this water from wells and into the area of crop production. The daily temperatures in most desert areas are adequate for crop production during most months of the year, but such hazards as sandstorms and insect invasions often make them undesirable for vegetable production; and providing water for irrigation is expensive. Experiments now are being conducted by the Universities of Arizona and Sonora in the growing of vegetables in controlled-environment, air-inflated greenhouses. The experimental unit is located in Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico, on the east coast of the Gulf of California. The following are procedures and results obtained to date from tests which have been in progress since October 1968 (Fig. 1, 2).
Effect of Source and Rate of N and Mg on Nutrient Levels in Highbush Blueberry Leaves and Fruit1
Authors: Bishop R. F. , Townsend L. R. , Craig D. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a field experiment with the cultivar ‘Bluecrop’, N and K levels in leaves and fruit increased but Ca levels decreased as rate of (NH4)2SO4, urea, or NH4NO3 increased. There were no differences due to source of N. In a 3-year period application of a total of 5.07 oz/bush of MgSO4·7H2O had no effect on Mg levels in leaves or fruit.
Control of Chocolate Spot in Potato Tubers by Foliar Spray with 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid
Authors: Kamal A. L. , Marroush M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Incidence of chocolate spot, known also as internal brown spot, in tubers of the ‘Arran Banner’ cultivar can reach as high as 60% (Fig. 1). This cultivar is widely grown in the Beqa'a plain of Lebanon for its high yield and good storage life. Other cultivars grown elsewhere in potato producing areas of the world are also seriously damaged by this physiological disease. Control in ‘Arran Banner’ in Lebanon was obtained by foliar sprays with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon)4 using rates ranging from 200-600 ppm (Table 1).
Bruising and Rupture Characteristics of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples Treated with Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide1,2,3
Authors: Tukey Loren D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) was applied at 0, 500, 1000, or 1500 ppm to ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees as an early season, or late summer application. Bruising was evaluated using both the pendulum impact and the quasi-static tests. The latter method was also used to evaluate rupture resistance. Fruits were examined at harvest and after several months in storage. In general, results confirmed that SADH does not affect the resistance of fruit in this cultivar to bruising and rupture injury either at harvest or after several months in storage.
Breeding Blueberries for Low-Chilling Requirement1
Authors: Sharpe R. H. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The true blueberries of the genus Vaccinium L., subgenus Cyanococcus Kl, as described by Camp (4), are predominantly a North American group, although some Asiatic species are included. More distantly related groups are found on the Pacific coast, such as V.ovatum Pursh, and in tropical America, Africa and other areas of the world. Additional Vaccinium relatives include the sugenera Polycodium Raf., the deerberries, and Batodendron Nutt, the Farkleberry or Tree or Winter-huckleberry, and the genus Gaylussacia H.B.K., the huckleberries.
Growth Retardation and Yield Reduction in Corn by a Nonionic Surfactant1,2
Authors: Robbins M. LeRon , Calhoun Charles R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aqua-Gro (50% polyoxyethylene ester, 50% polyoxyethylene ether), a nonionic commercial surfactant, retarded growth and reduced yield of Zea mays L. ‘Golden Bantam’ and ‘XL-367’ when a 1,000 ppm aqueous solution was applied to the foliage. There was seemingly no toxic effect on Pisum sativum L., Cucumis melo L., or Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.
Vaccinium Clones Resistant to Phytophthora cinnamomi1
Authors: Draper A. D. , Mircetich S. M. , Scott D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two clones of Vaccinium showed high field-resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi and remained unaffected during 3 years of observation in naturally infested soil: Me-US 32, a productive, cultivated highbush selection (V. australe), and a selection from the wild of the diploid species (V. atrococcum). However, the clone, E-22 selection of V. australe, growing in adjacent row to the resistant clones was severely damaged by the pathogen. Phytophthora cinnamomi was readily isolated from soil surrounding both resistant and susceptible clones.
Effect of In-Package Environment on Keeping Quality of Fruits and Vegetables1
Authors: Hardenburg Robert E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables differ from processed produce in one important respect: They remain living organisms until consumed or cooked. As living tissues, they continue to respire, and to lose water in transpiration; they are subject to attack by microorganisms and to chemical and physiological changes. All contribute to gradual deterioration after harvest. Any handling procedure, including consumer packaging, should aim at retarding these processes without killing cells or damaging quality. Most important, only high quality produce should be packaged because packaging cannot improve initial quality (Fig. 1).
Freeze Injury to Fruit Spurs of the Apple1
Authors: Simons Roy K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit spurs of apple trees on which the pedicels remained after harvest were injured by winter freeze, as illustrated by photomicrographs and by gross morphology. The fruiting spurs from which the pedicel had abscised contained a normal periderm. In the samples where the pedicel remained, extreme damage to the xylem tissue was evident.