bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Plasmids in Antibiotic Resistance in Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Various Sources
Authors: Tabatabaei Mohammad , Joghataei Syed Mehdi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance transmitting agents present in animal products and antibiotic use contributed to its occurrence and aggravation. The emergence of resistance toward several antibiotics groups among pathogenic bacteria is a growing global threat, and Pasteurella multocida is no exception in this case. The role of plasmids in creating different patterns of AMR on anyone is not hidden. One of the easiest ways to reduce antibiotic resistance is to stop the plasmid from replicating, dividing, and transferring by removing the plasmid. In this study, we investigated the role of P. multocida plasmids in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. From different geographical regions of Iran, 131 definite isolates of P. multocida have been isolated from apparently healthy and sick animals. After plasmid DNA extraction, five isolates with evident plasmid were selected. Restriction mapping is used to determine the size of plasmids, so the restriction enzymes BglII, SspI, AluI were used to cleave the plasmids.Plasmid curing was performed, anddisk diffusion method was utilized to compare the antibiotic resistance pattern before and after plasmid curing. We found that the samples that contain plasmids and exhibited extensive antibiotic resistance did indeed lose their ability to resist antibiotics after their deletions and became sensitive to them. Indeed, this observation confirms the role and importance of plasmids in antimicrobial resistance in P. multocida. The study indicates that the ability of these isolates to retain plasmids has a significant effect on their ability to develop resistance to various antibiotics.
Functional linear mixed effects models for cytotoxicity assessment and clustering
Authors: Ma Tiantian , Richard Dan , Yang Yongqing , Kashlak Adam , Anton Cristina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A multitude of natural and synthetic chemicals are present in our environment. Through the study of a compound’s cytotoxicity, researchers can carefully set regulations regarding how much of a certain chemical in the ambient environment is tolerable. In the past, research has focused on point measurements such as the LD50. Instead, we consider entire time-dependent cellular response curves through the application of functional mixed effects models. We identify differences in such curves corresponding to the chemical’s mode of action—i.e. how the compound attacks human cells. Through such analysis , we identify curve features to be used for cluster analysis via application of both k-means and self organizing maps. The data is analyzed by making use of functional principal components as a data driven basis and separately by considering B-splines for identifying local-time features. Our analysis can be used to drastically speed up future cytotoxicity research.
Synthesis, Ligating Properties, Thermal Behavior, Computational and Biological Studies of Some Azo-transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Masoud Mamdouh S. , Hemdan Sokaina S. , Elsamra Rehab M. I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of new Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes of two azo ligands; 1-(phenyldiazenyl) naphthalene-2-ol (sudan orange R, HL1), and sodium 2-hydroxy-5-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl]benzoate (alizarin yellow GG, HL2) have been reported. Stoichiometries of 1:2 and 1:3 (M:L) of the synthesized complexes were approved by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence technique (TXRF) and by elemental analyses. Complexes geometry of octahedral and square planar types were characterized by various spectroscopic, thermal, and magnetic moment measurements. Notably, bidentate coordination was the common binding mode of the ligands under investigation. The ESR spectroscopy showed that Cu(II) complexes are of different isotropic and rhombic symmetries accompanied by the existence of Cu-Cu ions interaction. TGA, DTA and DSC techniques supported the multi-stage thermal decomposition mechanisms, where the thermal breakdown is ended by the formation of metal oxide in most cases. Moreover, optimization of the structure and chemical reactivity modeling using the density functional theory (DFT) method with the B3LYP/6–31 basis set, showed that metal complexes are more biologically active than their precursor ligands. The calculated lipophilicity character for metal complexes is in the range 33.8–37.5 eV. Furthermore, nucleophilic and electrophilic regions on the surface of the ligands have been mapped aiming to prove the preferable sites of interaction with the metal ions. Docking results revealed high scoring energy for [Fe(HL2)3].H2O complex and moderate inhibition strength of [Cu(L1)2].H2O complex versus 1bqb, 3t88 and 4esw proteins. Ultimately, the extent of biological effectiveness was endorsed experimentally against four microbial strains. The results are guidelines for toxicological investigations.
Effect of ultrasonic vibration on porosity suppression and columnar-to-equiaxed transition in laser-MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloy
Authors: Tan Caiwang , Xu Bingxiao , Liu Fuyun , Zhao Yixuan , Lin Danyang , Wu Laijun , Chen Bo , Song Xiaoguo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Severe porosity and coarse columnar grain are prone to be formed in the laser-MIG welded joint of aluminum alloy, deteriorating the strength and ductility seriously. In this study, the ultrasound was designed to assist the laser-MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloy, and the influence of ultrasonic vibration on weld formation, porosity, and microstructure was investigated. The weld depth was increased from 3.6 mm to 4.2 mm when external ultrasound with the pressure of amplitude transformer (PAT) of 132 N was used, indicating that the penetration ability of hybrid heat sources to the welded plate could be improved. It was attributed to the dispersion effect of ultrasound on arc plasma in the laser channel. The porosity rate was reduced from 5.66–1.05% under PAT of 132 N, because of the increase in escape velocity of bubbles. Moreover, the columnar to equiaxed transformation (CET) of grain in the weld was promoted and the width of columnar grain zone was gradually reduced with the increasing ultrasonic energy, owing to the breaking effect of cavitation and the stirring effect of acoustic stream. As a result, lower porosity rate and finer grain size led to improvement of the microhardness and the strength of weld by ultrasound. The study provides more guidance on employing ultrasound to improve the quality of welded joints.
Switchable half-metallicity in A-type antiferromagnetic NiI2 bilayer coupled with ferroelectric In2Se3
Authors: Li Yanlu , Wang Yaping , Xu Xinguang , Zhao Xian , Ji Weixiao , Cao Qiang , Li Shengshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Electrically induced and controlled half-metallicity or fully spin polarized current in antiferromagnet is of great significance for both fundamental research and practical application in spintronics. Here, by combining two-dimensional (2D) A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) NiI2 bilayer (bi-NiI2) with ferroelectric (FE) In2Se3 with different thickness to construct van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, we propose that the AFM half-metallicity is realizable and switchable in the bi-NiI2 proximate to In2Se3 bilayer (bi-In2Se3). The reversal of the electric polarization of the FE bi-In2Se3 successfully drives nonvolatile transition between half-metal and semiconductor for the AFM bi-NiI2. The mechanism of this intriguing phenomenon cooperatively stems from the energy band shift driven by the polarization field, and from the interfacial charge transfer. Besides, the easy magnetization axis of the bi-NiI2 is switched between the out-of-plane and in-plane directions for the two opposite polarization states. More interestingly, by introducing strain, the half-metallic behavior and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of the bi-NiI2 in the heterostructure can be effectively manipulated. These findings provide not only a feasible strategy for nonvolatile electrical controlled half-metallicity in a 2D antiferromagnet, but also a promising platform for designing new advanced nanodevices.
Increased probability of hot and dry weather extremes during the growing season threatens global crop yields
Authors: Heino Matias , Kinnunen Pekka , Anderson Weston , Ray Deepak , Puma Michael J. , Varis Olli , Siebert Stefan , Kummu Matti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although extreme weather events recur periodically everywhere, the impacts of their simultaneous occurrence on crop yields are globally unknown. In this study, we estimate the impacts of combined hot and dry extremes as well as cold and wet extremes on maize, rice, soybean, and wheat yields using gridded weather data and reported crop yield data at the global scale for 1980-2009. Our results show that co-occurring extremely hot and dry events have globally consistent negative effects on the yields of all inspected crop types. Extremely cold and wet conditions were observed to reduce crop yields globally too, although to a lesser extent and the impacts being more uncertain. Critically, we found that over the study period, the probability of co-occurring extreme hot and dry events during the growing season increased across all inspected crop types; wheat showing the largest, up to a six-fold, increase. Hence, our study highlights the potentially detrimental impacts that increasing climate variability can have on global food production.
CircHGS enhances the progression of bladder cancer by regulating the miR-513a-5p/VEGFC axis and activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Yi , Xiong Hong , Zuo Ling , Li Shihao , Chen Ruiqi , Liu Hongwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bladder mucosa with high mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), newly discovered noncoding RNAs, are associated with the occurrence and development of BCa. However, the effects of circRNAs in BCa have not been fully elucidated. Through the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database, an abnormally expressed circular RNA, circHGS (hsa_circ_0004721), was first identified in BCa. In this study, we clarified the roles and potential mechanism of circHGS in BCa progression.
Methods
The level of circHGS in tissue and cell was assessed by qRT-PCR. The proliferation, migration and invasion of BCa cells were detected by CCK8, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assays, respectively. The interaction between circHGS/VEGFC and miR-513a-5p was detected by dual luciferase and qRT-PCR. VEGFC protein level was detected by western blotting. Nude mouse xenograft model was used to clarify the role of circHGS in tumor growth in vivo.
Results
CircHGS, originating from the HGS gene, is upregulated in BCa tissues compared to normal tissues. Functionally, silencing of circHGS apparently suppressed BCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but circHGS overexpression showed the opposite result. In vivo experiments also suggested that knockdown of circHGS suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, circHGS functions as a sponge of miR-513a-5p to elevate VEGFC expression and activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, ultimately promoting BCa progression.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that circHGS promotes BCa progression via the miR-513a-5p/VEGFC/AKT/mTOR pathway and can be a promising therapeutic target of BCa.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Ugandan soybean (Glycine max (L.) germplasm based on DArTseq
Authors: Lukanda Musondolya Mathe , Dramadri Isaac , Adjei Emmanuel Amponsah , Perpetua Arusei , Gitonga Hellen Wairimu , Wasswa Peter , Edema Richard , Ssemakula Mildred Ochwo , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas , Geoffrey Tusiime 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) is an important oil crop with production below the real need in Africa. To increase the production, substantial upgrading must be accomplished by enlarging the genetic potential of new cultivars that relays on the parents' genetic diversity. We aimed to assess the genetic diversity and the population structure of soybean accessions, therefore, evaluate soybean value in terms of use for breeding purposes. To accomplish this, a set of 282 soybean accessions were genotyped using the Diversity Array Technology Sequencing with a high throughput of the Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 6,935 high-quality SNPs were identified across the whole soybean genome. The mean value of genetic diversity, major alleles frequency, minor alleles frequency, expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content was respectively estimated at 0.35, 0.77, 0.22, 0.33, and 0.29. The analysis of molecular variance reveals that the variance among the populations is lower than the variance within the populations. The soybean accessions could be classified into two groups based on the model-based population structure and the principal coordinate analysis or into three groups based on the discriminant analysis of the principal component and the Neighbor-joining tree. The information provided in this study will be helpful for breeders.
Rectification of Haematological Profile by Leaf Ethanolic Extracts of Carica papaya L. and Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev to Treat Plasmodium berghei Malaria Infected Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Babangida S. M. , Zakari SI , Nura S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Malaria remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria; the most densely populated country in the African continent. The current economic depression and rising cost of conventional drugs call for urgent alternative therapy. A study was carried out to investigate the effects of Carica papaya and Faidherbia albida leaf ethanolic extracts on haematological profiles of Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: Fresh leaves of the test plants were collected and air dried, milled into powder and extracted using soxhlet apparatus with ethanol as the solvent. Thirty Swiss albino mice of both sexes weighing between 140 and 260g were used for the work. The animals were acclimatized for fourteen (14) days and divided into five groups. The animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with infected blood suspension containing about 1x106 paracetamia of P. berghei. Animals in group 1 were administered 0.2 ml normal saline, those in group 5 were administered Chloroquine diphosphate at 5 mg/kg body weight while those in groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the ethanolic leaf extract respectively. Suppressive test last for 4 days and toxicity of the extracts on the infected mice was monitored. Haematological profiles of the infected mice were studied before infection, during infection and after treatment periods and average paracetamia counts using standard methods. Data obtained were analysed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test used to separate significant means at 5%%. Results: Significant differences (P≤0.05) in the values of PCV, RBCs and WBCs were observed among the treated groups. The extracts stimulate increase in the number of Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils and Basophils with increase in concentration. The high doses of the extracts significantly (P≤0.05) reduce the number of parasitized erythrocytes among infected mice treated with C. papaya showing the highest (75.04%) suppression. Conclusions: The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts could be attributed to the active constituents such as: Flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, saponins, terpenoids/steriods, diterpenoids and cardiac glycosides in the extracts. We therefore recommended 400 mg/kg of C. papaya extract against malarial infections.
Anti-apoptotic effect of memantine in a rat hippocampal cell model of Alzheimer's disease: morphology and cellular mechanism
Authors: Hashemi Mansoureh , Roohi-Azizi Mahtab , Hashemi Firouzeh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: Memantine as a blocker of NMDA channels is administrated to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) play important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. There is evidence that memantine is able to affect the amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloid beta protein metabolism. The presence study has been designed to assess the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of memantine on Aβ1–42 -induced neurotoxicity.Methods: Cultures of hippocampal neurons were divided into eight groups consisting of an untreated control, cells treated with amyloid-β1-42 (2 μM); memantine (5 μM), NMDA (3 μM), memantine before and after amyloid-β1-42, memantine before and after NMDA for 48 h. Changes in neuronal morphology and anti-apoptotic responses for each experimental group were assessed via MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, immunostaining, propidium iodide (PI) staining and western blot.Results: We observed that the Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity was inhibited through the addition of memantine at concentrations of 1-5 μM. Aβ1-42 and NMDA induced changes in neuronal morphology and reduction in cell number and neurite length in cultured rat hippocampal neurons after 48 h of treatment compared with control group. Moreover, apoptosis properties, including DNA fragmentation and a low ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were observed in hippocampal neurons following treatment of Aβ1-42 and NMDA. Further observation demonstrated that the mitochondrial pathway through release of cytochorome c and caspase-3 activity was involved in the apoptosis induction. Whereas, results indicated that memantine is able to reverse Aβ1-42 induced neurotoxicity.Conclusions: The findings of presence study suggest that memantine has a neuroprotective potential via NMDA channel blockade and could be introduced as a promising therapeutic agent to decrease the risk of developing AD.
Fully-immersive virtual reality instrumental activities of daily living training for mild cognitive impairment: A feasibility study
Authors: Shin Hee Tae , Kim Dae Yul , Bae Cho Rong , Kim Heung Su , Park Mi Jung , You Seung Bok , Kwon Yu Jin , Gwak Ki uk 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to confirm that fully-immersive virtual reality (VR) instrumental activities of daily living (I-ADL) training is (1) safe and feasible for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and (2) helpful for patients’ cognitive function and ADL performanceMethods: The VR system included simulation of I-ADL. The feasibility was assessed by using self-report satisfaction questionnaire, the level of the participants’ immersion, and a Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Before after VR training, the researchers assesse I-ADL scores, cognitive function, mood.Results: A total of 7 patients with MCI and mild dementia were recruited. Overall, the patients were highly satisfied. The mean immersion score was 50.42±7.89 points and the mean adherence was 83.71±6.10 points. Six patients experienced negligible side effects. After VR training, I-ADL scores improved significantly (P<0.05). Wordlist delayed recall (p=0.023) and Trail making test-B (TMT-B) (p=0.042) showed a statistically significant improvement.Conclusion: The fully-immersive VR I-ADL training was feasible for patients with MCI and provided them with a high level of satisfaction and immersion.This program can help improve patients’ ADL, cognition, and mood. These findings suggest that VR I-ADL training programs can be used as a treatment tool for patients with MCI.
CD14 signaling mediates lung immunopathology and mice mortality induced by Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Authors: Elias-Oliveira Jefferson , Prado Morgana Kelly Borges , Souza Camila Oliveira Silva e , Pastore Marcella Roverato , Ramos Simone Gusmão , Darini Ana Lúcia Costa , Gardinassi Luiz Gustavo , Faccioli Lúcia Helena 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective and design:
Our research aimed to investigate the role of CD14 in pulmonary infection by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an experimental murine model.
Methods
C57Bl/6 or CD14-deficient mice were infected intratracheally with A. xylosoxidans. At times 1, 3 and 7 days after infection, lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood were collected. CD14 gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. The bacterial load in the lungs was assessed by counting colony forming units (CFU). Cytokines, chemokines, lipocalin-2 and sCD14 were quantified by the ELISA method. Inflammatory infiltrate was observed on histological sections stained with HE, and leukocyte subtypes were assessed by flow cytometry.
Results
CD14-deficient mice are protected from A. xylosoxidans-induced death, which is unrelated to bacterial load control. The lungs of CD14-deficient mice presented a smaller area of ​​tissue damage, less neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, less pulmonary edema, and a lower concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, CCL2 and CCL3 when compared with lungs of C57Bl/6 mice. We also observed that A. xylosoxidans infection increases the number of leukocytes expressing mCD14 and sCD14 levels in BALF and serum of infected mice.
Conclusions
In summary, our data show that in A. xylosoxidans infection, the activation of CD14 induces intense pulmonary inflammatory response resulting in mice death.
Species-specific transcriptomic changes upon Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection in cotton rats.
Authors: Strickland Britton A. , Rajagopala Seesandra V. , Kamali Arash , Shilts Meghan H , Pakala Suman B. , Boukhvalova Mariana S. , Yooseph Shibu , Blanco Jorge C. G. , Das Suman R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The cotton rat (Sigmodon) is the gold standard pre-clinical small animal model for respiratory viral pathogens, especially for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). However, without a reference genome or a published transcriptome, studies requiring gene expression analysis in cotton rats are severely limited. The aims of this study were to generate a comprehensive transcriptome from multiple tissues of two species of cotton rats that are commonly used as animal models (Sigmodon fulviventer and Sigmodon hispidus), and to compare and contrast gene expression changes and immune responses to RSV infection between the two species. Results: Transcriptomes were assembled from lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and intestines for each species with a contig N50>1600. Annotation of contigs generated nearly 120,000 gene annotations for each species. The transcriptomes of S. fulviventer and S. hispidus were then used to assess immune response to RSV infection. We identified 279 unique genes that are significantly differentially expressed, including several genes implicated in RSV infection (Mx1, I27L2, IIGP1, LY6E, Viperin, Keratin 6A) as well as novel genes that have not previously described in RSV research (LG3BP, SYWC, MYO7B, A1CF, APOBEC1, RIC1, KPYR, Claudin-2, and NR1H4)Conclusions: This study presents two comprehensive transcriptome references as resources for future gene expression analysis studies in the cotton rat model, as well as provides gene sequences for mechanistic characterization of molecular pathways. Overall, our results provide generalizable insights into the effect of host genetics on viral outcomes, as well as identify new host therapeutic targets for RSV treatment and prevention.