bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Study of Constructing the Tissue-Engineered Corpus Cavernosum With Autologous Adipose Stem Cells In Vivo
Authors: Cao Zilong , Liu Liqiang , Jiao Hu , Gan Cheng , Tian Jia , Zhang Tiran , Han Bing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe autologous skin flap is still the mainstream method for penile reconstruction, but it is very difficult to reconstruct a functional corpus cavernosum. Tissue engineering provides a new idea aiming to restore the damaged or absent corpus cavernosum.AimTo assess the feasibility of constructing the tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum with autologous adipose stem cells in a rabbit model.MethodsA total of 30 New Zealand male white rabbits. Among them, 20 rabbits were used to obtain the original corpus cavernosum which were used to prepare the acellular corporal scaffolds (ACSs). The others were used for acquiring autologous adipose stem cells (ADSCs) and constructing tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum in vivo.OutcomeACSs were obtained from rabbit penile tissues through an established decellularization procedure. Rabbit autologous ADSCs as seed cells were harvested and expanded. The ADSCs seeded and unseeded ACSs were implanted back into the intramuscular and subcutaneous site in vivo, and the tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum was harvested and analyzed with gross morphology, histological staining, and real-time PCR assay after 1, 3, and 6 months.ResultsACSs were successfully prepared. The cell non-cytotoxicity and integrity of micro-architecture of ACSs was confirmed in vitro. The cell-seeded scaffold in the intramuscular group was considered as the better strategy for constructing the tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum compared with the other groups. Some α-SMA and CD31 positive cells were detected and identified by immunofluorescent staining and real-time PCR assay in the tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum.Clinical TranslationThis study provides a new method for constructing the tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum.Strengths and LimitationsFirst, it is urgent to improve the transformation rate of the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells from ADSCs. Second, the scaffold harvested in this study was not a complete matrix. Third, further study is needed to explore the potential mechanism of which scaffolds are more suitable for living in intramuscular rather than subcutaneous environment.ConclusionIn this study, we used the autologous ADSCs as seed cells, the acellular corpus cavernosum as scaffolds, and implanted the grafts back into the rabbit model to preliminarily construct the tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum. This study would provide help for further development in tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum.
The accountability of politicians in international crises and the nature of audience cost
Authors: Ashworth Scott , Ramsay Kristopher W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the problem of how citizens should punish or reward a leader's choices during international crises. Audiences should impose costs rooted in citizens’ preferences over policy outcomes, but that need not mean that these costs directly reflect the citizens’ preferences over actions. Instead, rewards and punishments are valued for their equilibrium consequences. To understand how citizens’ policy preferences shape electoral accountability, we characterize the retention strategies that maximize citizen welfare. In the optimal strategy, citizens always punish leaders who initiate crises and then back down. This is a robust finding, and true even though the citizens have no intrinsic preferences for policy consistency. Whether they punish leaders for backing down rather than going to war, on the other hand, depends on the status quo and on the costs of war. Importantly, these strategies of rewarding and punishing leaders need not have any immediate connection to voter'sex antepreferences over war and peace, even if preferences over policy outcomes ultimately motivate citizen behavior. This has important implications for interpreting empirical and experimental results related to audience costs.
Does Sunlight Kill Germs? Stock Market Listing and Workplace Safety
Authors: Liang Claire Y. C. , Qi Yaxuan , Zhang Rengong (Alex) , Zhu Haoran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study highlights the positive impact of a stock market listing on workplace safety. We find that workplace injuries in publicly listed firms are lower than those in comparable private firms, and this effect relates to heightened monitoring by the media and regulators. The media pays more attention to public firms’ safety issues than to those of private firms, and the reduced media scrutiny due to local newspaper closures leads to greater increases in injuries in public firms. Regulators also monitor public firms more strictly, evidenced by a higher likelihood of nonroutine inspections and larger penalties for detected violations.
Zero-shot sim-to-real transfer of reinforcement learning framework for robotics manipulation with demonstration and force feedback
Authors: Chen Yuanpei , Zeng Chao , Wang Zhiping , Lu Peng , Yang Chenguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the field of robot reinforcement learning (RL), the reality gap has always been a problem that restricts the robustness and generalization of algorithms. We propose Simulation Twin (SimTwin) : a deep RL framework that can help directly transfer the model from simulation to reality without any real-world training. SimTwin consists of a RL module and an adaptive correct module. We train the policy using the soft actor-critic algorithm only in a simulator with demonstration and domain randomization. In the adaptive correct module, we design and train a neural network to simulate the human error correction process using force feedback. Subsequently, we combine the above two modules through digital twin to control real-world robots, correct simulator parameters by comparing the difference between simulator and reality automatically, and then generalize the correct action through the trained policy network without additional training. We demonstrate the proposed method in an open cabinet task; the experiments show that our framework can reduce the reality gap without any real-world training.
How persons with systemic mastocytosis describe the time between symptom onset and receiving diagnosis
Authors: Hamberg Levedahl Kerstin , Nilsson Annika , Johansson Birgitta , Hedström Mariann 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of the study was to explore how persons with systemic mastocytosis (SM) described the time between the onset of symptoms and signs and getting the diagnosis.

Background:
SM is a rare disease caused by the accumulation of clonal mast cells with abnormal function. The symptoms and signs of the disease are varied, often diffuse and affect individuals differently. Due to this complexity, a multi-disciplinary diagnostic approach is required, in which general practitioners play an important part in identifying and referring patients relevant for such investigations.

Methods:
Sixteen persons with SM were interviewed about their experiences of the time before the diagnosis was received. Systematic text condensation was used in the analysis process.

Findings:
The time between symptom and signs onset and diagnosis was perceived as difficult. SM often had a complex and unpredictable effect on a person’s daily life, long before diagnosis. In the analysis, three themes were found. Having symptoms and signs with an unknown cause included the participants’ descriptions of numerous symptoms and signs, often years before diagnosis. These could be severe and result in worries for both participants and their next-of-kin. Dealing with the symptoms and signs encompassed the different ways in which the participants coped with the symptoms and signs, and sought relief. Being a patient without a diagnosis underlined the lack of information and knowledge within healthcare, often resulting in a delayed or incorrect diagnosis. The study highlighted the importance of a person-centred approach and the need to increase knowledge of the disease within primary care, to shorten this stressful and vulnerable time.
The African Union's humanitarian policies: A closer look at Africa's regional institutions and practice
Authors: Negm Namira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article sheds light on the legal instruments and policies adopted by the Organization of African Unity/African Union (AU) in relation to international humanitarian law. It also offers analysis on the role of the AU institutions that provide humanitarian and disaster relief. The article highlights the importance of the institutions established to improve the capacity of regional and national institutions for humanitarian prevention and response. It reflects on the reasons why the AU focuses on early warning systems to address the root causes of conflicts and humanitarian disasters, rather than only adopting reactive policies after the fact, in order to save lives and prevent human suffering.
Rethinking direct participation in hostilities and continuous combat function in light of targeting members of terrorist non-State armed groups
Authors: Mignot-Mahdavi Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEndless armed conflicts against terrorist groups put civilian populations at risk. Since France has been involved in the Sahel from 2013 onwards, transnational non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) of extended geographical and temporal scope against groups designated as terrorists are not a US exception anymore. NIACs against terrorist groups, conducted not only by the United States but also by France, persist and have been reconfigured around threat anticipation. How can anticipatory warfare be best constrained? This article argues that it can be best done through more constraining rules regulating target selection in NIACs and, in particular, by redefining the notion of continuous combat function (CCF). Many elements explored in this article indicate that the United States and France select targets that they pre-designate as terrorists, before these targets are engaged in hostilities. Instead of responding to the observed participation of these individuals in hostilities, strikes are based on contextual and behavioural elements ahead or outside of such moments. This paper argues that when war consists of threat anticipation, it becomes very extensive and particularly risky for civilians. Furthermore, recent State practice in the counterterrorism context reveals the pitfalls of the notions of direct participation in hostilities and CCF as defined in the 2009 International Committee of the Red Cross Interpretive Guidance. Outside this context, the interpretations proposed in the Interpretive Guidance might seem sufficient to constrain target selection processes and to protect civilian populations. However, when applied to armed conflicts that are driven by threat anticipation, the pitfalls of these interpretations emerge. I formulate a critique of these interpretations as being partly responsible for anticipatory warfare and propose an alternative theory for the CCF test.
Ocean Acidification and Long‐Term Changes in the Carbonate System Properties of the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Piñango Andrés , Kerr Rodrigo , Orselli Iole Beatriz Marques , Carvalho Andréa da Consolação Oliveira , Azar Elias , Karstensen Johannes , Garcia Carlos Alberto Eiras 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe wind‐driven part of the South Atlantic Ocean is primarily ventilated through central and intermediate water formation. Through the water mass formation processes, anthropogenic carbon (Cant) is introduced into the ocean's interior which in turn makes the South Atlantic region vulnerable to ocean acidification. Cant and the accompanying acidification effects have been estimated for individual sections in the region since the 1980s but a comprehensive synthesis for the entire basin is still lacking. Here, we quantified the Cant accumulation rates and examined the changes in the carbonate system properties for the South Atlantic using a modified extended multiple linear regression method applied to five hydrographic sections and data from the GLODAPv2.2021 product. From 1989 to 2019, a mean Cant column inventory change of 0.94 ± 0.39 mol C m−2 yr−1 was found. Cant accumulation rates of 0.89 ± 0.33 μmol kg−1 yr−1 and 0.30 ± 0.29 μmol kg−1 yr−1 were observed in central and intermediate waters, accompanied by acidification rates of −0.0020 ± 0.0007 pH units yr−1 and −0.0009 ± 0.0009 pH units yr−1, respectively. Furthermore, increased remineralization was observed in intermediate waters, amplifying the acidification of this water mass, especially at the African coast along 25°S. This increase in remineralization is likely related to circulation changes and increased biological activity nearshore. Assuming no changes in the observed trends, South Atlantic intermediate waters will become unsaturated with respect to aragonite in ∼30 years, while the central water of the eastern margins will become unsaturated in ∼10 years.
Locating the Precise Sources of High‐Frequency Microseisms Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Xiao Han , Tanimoto Toshiro , Spica Zack J. , Gaite Beatriz , Ruiz‐Barajas Sandra , Pan Mohan , Viens Loïc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough microseisms have been observed for more than 100 years, the precise locations of their excitation sources in the oceans are still elusive. Underwater Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) brings new opportunities to study microseism generation mechanisms. Using DAS data off the coast of Valencia, Spain, and applying a cross‐correlation approach, we show that the sources of high‐frequency microseisms (0.5–2 Hz) are confined between 7 and 27 km from the shore, where the water depth varies from 25 to 100 m. Over time, we observe that these sources move quickly along narrow areas, sometimes within a few kilometers. Our methodology applied to DAS data allows us to characterize microseisms with a high spatiotemporal resolution, providing a new way of understanding these global and complex seismic phenomena happening in the oceans.
Cloud Response Is Significantly Biased by CMIP6 Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Jiming , Zhang Weiyuan , Deng Cong , Li Yarong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo reduce the uncertainty of cloud feedback, models should prioritize the evaluation of cloud response to surface warming. Using International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project‐H data sets, we quantified the cloud fraction response of different cloud types to surface warming in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and examined the performance of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models in reproducing cloud response. Results showed multimodel ensemble mean (MEM) exhibited a similar pattern of total cloud fraction response with the observation but severely underestimated it over the western TP. MEM also obviously underestimated cloud fraction of optically thin cirrus (bias >15%) and had a wrong trend of −0.02% 10a−1 against observed +2.44% 10a−1. Moreover, models failed to reproduce extensive negative response of optically thick clouds and exhibited significant underestimation for the negative response of optically thick but lower‐top clouds. Especially, models even simulated an opposite response with International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project for optically thin but lower‐top cloud (bias hit −0.4% K−1).
High‐Resolution Finite Fault Slip Inversion of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Using 3D Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Barba‐Sevilla Magali , Glasscoe Margaret T. , Parker Jay , Lyzenga Gregory A. , Willis Michael J. , Tiampo Kristy F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence manifested as one of the most complex fault surface ruptures observed in California in modern times. The M6.4 foreshock and M7.1 mainshock occurred on an intricate network of orthogonal and sub‐parallel faults resulting in observable surface displacement and surface rupture captured by geodetic data. Here we present the application of a high‐resolution 3D finite element model (FEM) approach to invert for the detailed fault slip of the entire sequence using complex rheology and fused coseismic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data with Sentinel‐1 differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar and pixel offset data. The heterogeneous FEM and the fused geodetic data set of pixel offsets, interferograms, and GNSS data results in our optimal inversion solution. This preferred solution is a complex, high‐resolution non‐planar slip model of both the M6.4 and M7.1 events that features three main regions of large slip (6.9+ m), with depths ranging from 2 to 10 km. The regions of slip are bounded by the mainshock hypocenter and the mainshock aftershocks and appear to be related to spatially varying rheological properties. We successfully reproduce a localized region of observed subsidence in the northern portion of the primary fault through the inclusion of a curved fault strand with a significant dip‐slip component. The curved fault strand is the site of our maximum slip of 7.4 m at a depth of 4.2 km. The results demonstrate a robust fit from a more complete, detailed model for the entire seismogenic zone with reasonable computational cost, providing new insights into the governing rheologic and structural processes.
Flexible radio-frequency micro electro-mechanical switch towards the applications of satellite communications
Authors: Shi Yingli , Zhou Chao , Cao Zibo , He Yurong , Guo Jingwen , Li Chunxin , Wu Qianhong , Liang Kui , Li Yanzhao , Lin Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a flexible radio-frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) switch integrated on cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) substrate using a modified surface MEMS processing technology, which could be used in the 17–19 GHz frequency band of satellite communication. Through systematic simulation analysis, it is found that flexible RF MEMS switch can achieve certain bending radius by miniaturizing the electronic dimension, without degrading the RF performance. It is demonstrated that the RF characteristics of flexible RF MEMS switch with special anchor structural design, fabricated by modified surface MEMS processing, are not sensitive to bending deformation under the curvature of 0 mm−1, 0.05 mm−1, 0.10 mm−1. Furthermore, the range of bending curvature which will affect the RF characteristics is given through systematic simulation. The flexible RF MEMS switch with high process compatibility and stable RF performance is believed to be promising candidates for future microwave communications and other consumer electronics.
Liquid-metal micro-networks with strain-induced conductivity for soft electronics and robotic skin
Authors: Park Yeongmin , Jung Jaewoong , Lee Younghoon , Lee Dongwoo , Vlassak Joost J. , Park Yong-Lae 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThin-film devices made of room-temperature liquid metals (LMs) have contributed to the development of electronic skin for human-robot/machine interfaces but still have limitations, including degradations of performance and robustness under repeated deformations. In this paper, we describe an interesting phenomenon of the formation of LM microscale networks (LMMNs) and propose to use the LMMNs for fabricating thin-film conductors. A simple layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition process enables the growth of a hierarchical structure of LM microdroplets that forms a conductive network (i.e., LMMN) when stretched. The strain-history behavior of LMMNs allows conductivity enhancement up to 2.37 × 106 S m−1 in response to increased tensile strains. By adjusting the number of LM layers in LBL deposition, the gauge factor (0.2 ≤ GF ≤ 1), the linearity, and the sheet resistance of LMMN films can be easily controlled, providing high potentials in various applications, including skin-mountable circuits, energy harvesters, and soft artificial skin.
Controlled-phase gate by dynamic coupling of photons to a two-level emitter
Authors: Krastanov Stefan , Jacobs Kurt , Gilbert Gerald , Englund Dirk R. , Heuck Mikkel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose an architecture for achieving high-fidelity deterministic quantum logic gates on dual-rail encoded photonic qubits by letting photons interact with a two-level emitter (TLE) inside an optical cavity. The photon wave packets that define the qubit are preserved after the interaction due to a quantum control process that actively loads and unloads the photons from the cavity and dynamically alters their effective coupling to the TLE. The controls rely on nonlinear wave mixing between cavity modes enhanced by strong externally modulated electromagnetic fields or on AC Stark shifts of the TLE transition energy. We numerically investigate the effect of imperfections in terms of loss and dephasing of the TLE as well as control field miscalibration. Our results suggest that III-V quantum dots in GaAs membranes is a promising platform for photonic quantum information processing.
A multi-sensor human gait dataset captured through an optical system and inertial measurement units
Authors: Santos Geise , Wanderley Marcelo , Tavares Tiago , Rocha Anderson 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDifferent technologies can acquire data for gait analysis, such as optical systems and inertial measurement units (IMUs). Each technology has its drawbacks and advantages, fitting best to particular applications. The presented multi-sensor human gait dataset comprises synchronized inertial and optical motion data from 25 participants free of lower-limb injuries, aged between 18 and 47 years. A smartphone and a custom micro-controlled device with an IMU were attached to one of the participant’s legs to capture accelerometer and gyroscope data, and 42 reflexive markers were taped over the whole body to record three-dimensional trajectories. The trajectories and inertial measurements were simultaneously recorded and synchronized. Participants were instructed to walk on a straight-level walkway at their normal pace. Ten trials for each participant were recorded and pre-processed in each of two sessions, performed on different days. This dataset supports the comparison of gait parameters and properties of inertial and optical capture systems, whereas allows the study of gait characteristics specific for each system.
Geographical clusters of dengue outbreak in Singapore during the Covid-19 nationwide lockdown of 2020
Authors: Huang Liping , Xiao Gaoxi , Chen Hechang , Niu Xuetong , Fu Xiuju , Xu Haiyan , Xu George , Ma Stefan , Ong Janet , Ng Lee Ching 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDengue, a mosquito-transmitted viral disease, has posed a public health challenge to Singaporean residents over the years. In 2020, Singapore experienced an unprecedented dengue outbreak. We collected a dataset of geographical dengue clusters reported by the National Environment Agency (NEA) from 15 February to 9 July in 2020, covering the nationwide lockdown associated with Covid-19 during the period from 7 April to 1 June. NEA regularly updates the dengue clusters during which an infected person may be tagged to one cluster based on the most probable infection location (residential apartment or workplace address), which is further matched to fine-grained spatial units with an average coverage of about 1.35 km2. Such dengue cluster dataset helps not only reveal the dengue transmission patterns, but also reflect the effects of lockdown on dengue spreading dynamics. The resulting data records are released in simple formats for easy access to facilitate studies on dengue epidemics.