bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CENPF as an independent prognostic and metastasis biomarker corresponding to CD4+ memory T cells in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Li Mengzhi , Zhao Jingling , Yang Ronghua , Cai Ruizhao , Liu Xusheng , Xie Julin , Shu Bin , Qi Shaohai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOwing to recent advances in immunotherapies, the overall survival of patients with skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has increased; however, the 5‐year survival rate of metastatic patients remains poor. Skin cutaneous melanoma—upregulated genes were screened via analysis of differentially expressed genes (GSE3189 and GSE46517), and metastasis‐related oncogenes were identified via weighted gene coexpression network analysis of the GSE46517 dataset. As confirmed by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, we found highly expressed centromere protein F (CENPF) in SKCM and its metastases. Immunostaining of human melanoma tissues demonstrated high CENPF expression. According to the Kaplan‐Meier survival curve log‐rank test, receiver‐operating characteristic curve, and univariate and multivariate analyses, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database suggested CENPF be a typical independent predictor of SKCM. The CIBERSORT algorithm classified the types of the immune cells from GSE46517 and showed higher proportion of CD4+ memory‐activated T cells in metastatic melanoma. Single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis of TCGA data confirmed the correlation between CENPF and activated CD4+ T cells. Centromere protein F was positively correlated with tumor mutational burden and CD4+ memory T cell markers (interleukin [IL]‐23A, CD28, and CD62L), negatively associated with memory T cell maintenance factors (IL‐7 and IL‐15) by correlation analysis. Moreover, immunofluorescence showed high coexpression of CENPF and IL23A, CD4 in melanoma. Upregulated CENPF might lead to premature depletion of CD4+ memory T cells and immunosuppression. Nomogram indicated CENPF clinical predictive value for 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐year melanoma overall survival. Therefore, CENPF plays a vital role in the progression and metastasis of melanoma and can be an effective therapeutic target.
Towards more active parenting: Trends in parental mediation of children’s internet use in European countries
Authors: Kalmus Veronika , Sukk Marit , Soo Kadri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at exploring trends in parental mediation that have unravelled over eight years’ time in 12 European countries. Relying on the EU Kids Online survey, the study focused on 11–16‐year‐old children's perceptions of parental mediation strategies and the main changes therein between the data collection waves of 2010 and 2018. The analysis demonstrated that active mediation has seen a significant increase in several European countries. While cross‐cultural disparities remain large, restrictive mediation has decreased, indicating that the focus of parental strategies is moving away from setting rules and restrictions towards guiding children in their internet use.
Contested Meanings of Urban Heritage in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam‐Knott Sonia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConfrontations between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) government and civil society regarding the demolition of historical sites across the city have been occurring since the mid‐2000s. These clashes have been interpreted as the consequence of exclusionary heritage governance practices; postcolonial identity anxieties; and popular dissatisfaction toward economic injustices in the city. This essay argues that heritage mobilizations also arise from the competing meanings and expectations the SAR government and civil society have attached to notions of “urban heritage,” especially in relation to urban liveability discourses. Using documentary and ethnographic data, this essay provides an overview of Hong Kong’s heritage landscape before examining approaches by both government and civil society toward heritage conservation—reflecting their respective understandings as to what urban heritage entails for urban life. This essay finds the SAR government position heritage as being secondary to urban redevelopment, a means of establishing urban liveability in economic terms. In contrast, civil society actors frame heritage as integral to redevelopment, producing a liveable city through enriching social conviviality. By delineating the disparate ways urban heritage is valued in Hong Kong, this essay offers broader insights on the conflict regarding how present and future urban life is envisioned in Asian cities.
Results of patch testing in acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP): A literature review
Authors: de Groot Anton C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe literature on positive patch‐test results in acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is reviewed. Ninety‐three drugs were identified that have together caused 259 positive patch tests in 248 patients with AGEP. The drug classes causing the highest number of reactions are beta‐lactam antibiotics (25.9%), other antibiotics (20.8%), iodinated contrast media (7.3%), and corticosteroids (5.4%), together accounting for nearly 60% of all reactions. The highest number of reactions to individual drugs was to amoxicillin (n = 36), followed by pristinamycin (n = 25), diltiazem (n = 14), amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (n = 13), clindamycin (n = 11), and iomeprol (n = 8); 59 of the 93 drugs each caused a single case only. The “Top‐10” drugs together caused over 50% of all reactions. The sensitivity of patch testing (percentage of positive reactions) in patients with AGEP is largely unknown, but may generally be ~50%, which also applies to pristinamycin. Patch testing in AGEP appears to be safe, although mild recurrence of AGEP skin symptoms or other rashes may occur occasionally. Clinical aspects of AGEP, including epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, clinical features, histology, treatment, and prognosis are briefly presented, as are diagnosing the disease and identifying the culprit drugs with patch tests, intradermal tests, in vitro tests, and challenge tests.
Performance of Deaf Participants in an Abstract Visual Grammar Learning Task at Multiple Formal Levels: Evaluating the Auditory Scaffolding Hypothesis
Authors: Giustolisi Beatrice , Martin Jordan S , Westphal‐Fitch Gesche , Fitch W. Tecumseh , Cecchetto Carlo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious research has hypothesized that human sequential processing may be dependent upon hearing experience (the “auditory scaffolding hypothesis”), predicting that sequential rule learning abilities should be hindered by congenital deafness. To test this hypothesis, we compared deaf signer and hearing individuals’ ability to acquire rules of different computational complexity in a visual artificial grammar learning task using sequential stimuli. As a group, deaf participants succeeded at all levels of the task; Bayesian analysis indicates that they successfully acquired each of several target grammars at ascending levels of the formal language hierarchy. Overall, these results do not support the auditory scaffolding hypothesis. However, age‐ and education‐matched hearing participants did outperform deaf participants in two out of three tested grammars. We suggest that this difference may be related to verbal recoding strategies in the two groups. Any verbal recoding strategies used by the deaf signers would be less effective because they would have to use the same visual channel required for the experimental task.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0083756 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by sponging miR‐558 and regulating TREM1 expression
Authors: Du Xianfa , Chen Shunlun , Cui Haitao , Huang Yuming , Wang Jianru , Liu Hui , Li Zemin , Liang Chunxiang , Zheng Zhaomin , Wang Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of low back pain. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to exert vital functions in IVDD. However, the role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0083756 in the development of IVDD remain unclear.Materials and methodsRT‐qPCR was performed to detect expressions of hsa_circ_0083756, miR‐558 and TREM1 in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and cells. CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, RT‐qPCR and WB were used to clarify the roles of hsa_circ_0083756 in NP cells proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Bioinformatics analyses, dual‐luciferase reporter gene experiment, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and FISH assay were performed to predict and verify the targeting relationship between hsa_circ_0083756 and miR‐558, as well as that between miR‐558 and TREM1. Ultimately, the effect of hsa_circ_0083756 on IVDD was tested through anterior disc‐puncture IVDD animal model in rats.Resultshsa_circ_0083756 was upregulated in degenerative NP tissues and cells. In vitro loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function studies suggested that hsa_circ_0083756 knockdown promoted, whereas hsa_circ_0083756 overexpression inhibited NP cells proliferation and ECM formation. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0083756 acted as a sponge of miR‐558 and subsequently promoted the expression of TREM1. Furthermore, in vivo study indicated that silencing of hsa_circ_0083756 could alleviate IVDD in rats.Conclusionshsa_circ_0083756 promoted IVDD via targeting the miR‐558/TREM1 axis, and hsa_circ_0083756 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IVDD.
Ethical issues raised by uterus transplantation: A report from the People's Republic of China
Authors: Gao Yiqi , Xue Tao , Chen Biliang , Yang Hong , Wei Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe recent advances in assisted reproductive technology, such as hormonal stimulation, IVF, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), have made it possible to circumvent many causes of male and female factor infertility. However, uterine infertility is still considered an ‘‘unconditionally infertile’’ condition. Owing to the continued advances in organ transplantation, microvascular anastomosis techniques, and immunosuppressive medicine, the transplantation of organs is no longer restricted to the ones necessary for continued life. Quality‐of‐life enhancing types of transplantation, such as uterine transplantation, in recent years, have also entered the clinical arena. This undoubtedly brings new hope to such women, but also creates ethical challenges. Selection of the donor, the impact on the recipient and offspring, as well as challenges to moral and social norms are issues that cannot be ignored. In the present review, the ethical issues of transplantation of the uterus will be discussed in light of recent progress in the procedure.
RUSSELL REVIEW Are plant roots only “in” soil or are they “of” it? Roots, soil formation and function
Authors: Gregory Peter J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRoots are near‐ubiquitous components of soils globally but have often been regarded as separate from the soil rather than a substantial factor in determining what soil is and how it functions. The start of rapid soil formation commenced about 400 million years ago with the emergence of vascular plants and the evolution of roots and associated microbes. Roots and associated microorganisms contribute significantly to soil formation by altering rocks and soil minerals through a variety of biogeochemical processes and supply carbon to a depth that can have long residence times. Living root inputs of carbon via rhizodeposits are more efficient than shoot and root litter inputs in forming slow‐cycling, mineral‐associated soil organic carbon pools. The current functionality of soils in providing food and fuel and fibres, supplying plant nutrients, filtering water and flood regulation, and disease suppression are all dependent on the activities of plant roots. Roots are actively communicating and collaborating with other organisms for mutual benefit, and the signals underlying this modulation of the rhizosphere microbiome are being identified. In this review I examine how plant roots (an organ not an organism) affect soil formation and function and conclude that, from several perspectives, roots are not just “in” soil but “of” it and that definitions of soil should recognise this. A possible definition is: “Soils are altered surficial rock or sediment, composed of organic matter, minerals, fluids, and organisms whose formation and functionality are influenced by biogeochemical weathering and interactions of these components with plant roots.”HighlightsPaleoclimatic and paleosoil research shows the key role of roots and mycorrhiza in soil formation.Deep roots and living root inputs are substantial contributors to long‐term C storage.Root/microbe signalling facilitates mutualistic symbioses, nutrient uptake and disease suppression.Definitions of soil should explicitly include roots as an important component of the soil system.
Revisiting the components of Macroscelidea social systems: Evidence for variable social organization, including pair‐living, but not for a monogamous mating system
Authors: Olivier Charlotte‐Anaïs , Jaeggi Adrian V. , Hayes Loren D. , Schradin Carsten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElephant‐shrews (Macroscelidea) have long been considered the only mammalian order to be completely monogamous, based on observations of their pair‐living social organization. We reviewed primary studies on the four components of social systems (social organization, mating system, social structure, and care system) in elephant‐shrews to evaluate whether they truly are monogamous. To identify gaps in our knowledge of their social system, we reviewed evidence for a pair‐living social organization, mate fidelity (mating system), pair bonds (social structure), and biparental care (care system). Field data were available for eight species and seven were often pair‐living. However, these seven species exhibited intra‐specific variation in social organization; two of these species were also solitary living, two species were also group‐living, and the remaining three species were both solitary and group‐living. The eighth species was exclusively solitary. We reconstructed the ancestral social organization of Macroscelidea using Bayesian phylogenetic mixed‐effects models and found that variable social organization, rather than exclusive pair‐living, was the most likely ancestral state, though there was high uncertainty. No socio‐ecological factors (body size, population density, and habitat) predicted a specific social organization. Observations of mating have been rare, such that no firm statements can be made. However, one unpublished study indicated high levels of extra‐pair paternity. Regarding social structure, there was no evidence of pair‐bonding, but there was evidence of mate guarding. Only maternal care has been observed, with females having very short nursing bouts. Evidence suggests that despite having often a pair‐living form of social organization, Macroscelidea should not be described as a monogamous order, as little or no evidence supports that designation, nor are they exclusively pair‐living (social organization) and we urge further field studies on Macroscelidea social systems.
Rhodococcus equifoal pneumonia: Update on epidemiology, immunity, treatment and prevention
Authors: Bordin Angela I. , Huber Laura , Sanz Macarena G. , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPneumonia in foals caused by the bacteriumRhodococcus equihas a worldwide distribution and is a common cause of disease and death for foals. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarise recent developments pertaining to the epidemiology, immune responses, treatment, and prevention of rhodococcal pneumonia of foals. Screening tests have been used to implement earlier detection and treatment of foals with presumed subclinicalR. equipneumonia to reduce mortality and severity of disease. Unfortunately, this practice has been linked to the emergence of antimicrobial‐resistantR. equiin North America. Correlates of protective immunity forR. equiinfections of foals remain elusive, but recent evidence indicates that innate immune responses are important both for mediating killing and orchestrating adaptive immune responses. A macrolide antimicrobial in combination with rifampin remains the recommended treatment for foals withR. equipneumonia. Great need exists to identify which antimicrobial combination is most effective for treating foals withR. equipneumonia and to limit emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant strains. In the absence of an effective vaccine againstR. equi, passive immunisation remains the only commercially available method for effectively reducing the incidence ofR. equipneumonia. Because passive immunisation is expensive, labour‐intensive and carries risks for foals, great need exists to develop alternative approaches for passive and active immunisation.
Greek dental students’ perceptions of treating older patients
Authors: Ioannidou Kyriaki , Kalyva Daphne , Basdeki Eirini I. , Tranoulis Ioannis , Kossioni Anastassia E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and aimThe oral problems of the older population are largely undertreated because of various barriers, including negative perceptions and ageist stereotypes, among care providers. The aim of this study was to record the perceptions of Greek dental students of treating older patients.Materials and methodsAn anonymous written questionnaire including two open‐ended questions about the positive and negative issues when treating older patients was administered to clinical dental students. A content analysis was conducted to identify the main themes.ResultsA total of 135 students responded to the questionnaire (response rate 88.23%). Five key themes were identified for the facilitating factors and six for the barriers/challenging factors. The facilitating factors of treating older people were the promotion of the patients’ health and quality of life, the good interaction and communication with older patients, the dentist's intrinsic reward treating older people, the positive feedback from the patients and the improvement of professional dental competences when treating complex cases. The barriers included communication and cooperation problems, treatment challenges related to disease and disability, patients’ negative beliefs about oral health, barriers to accessing dental care, complex and time‐consuming treatment plans, and communication and cooperation problems with the patients’ carers.ConclusionA range of facilitating and challenging factors influence dental students’ perceptions of treating older patients. More research is necessary on the methods that will enhance their geriatric knowledge and skills, help them overcome the challenges they detected and improve their attitudes and behaviours towards treating older patients.
Simple screening models for cognitive impairment in community settings: The IRIDE Cohort Study
Authors: Abe Takumi , Kitamura Akihiko , Yamashita Mari , Kim Hunkyung , Obuchi Shuichi P. , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Awata Shuichi , Toba Kenji ,   IRIDE Cohort Study investigators
Published: February 2022

AimCommunity settings often need simple screening, rather than detailed tests, to identify cognitive impairment. This study aimed to develop models to screen older adults with cognitive impairment.MethodsThis study used data from the Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia Cohort Study and included 5830 older adults. Individuals were considered cognitively impaired if their Mini‐Mental State Examination score was less than 24. Three screening models were developed: the simple model (age, sex, and education), the base model comprising 13 candidate variables available in the questionnaire, and the enhanced model, where grip strength and gait speed were added to the base model. We performed binary logistic regression analysis with stepwise backward elimination (P < 0.1 for retention in the model) to develop each model. Then, we calculated integer scores from coefficients to develop score‐based models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate discrimination.ResultsParticipants with cognitive impairment accounted for 4.0% (n = 233) of the total. The score‐based simple model comprised three variables (AUC = 0.72, sensitivity: 72%, specificity: 61%). The score‐based base model included nine variables (AUC = 0.76, sensitivity: 70%, specificity: 67%). The score‐based enhanced model comprised eight variables, including grip strength and gait speed (AUC = 0.79, sensitivity: 73%, specificity: 70%).ConclusionsThis study developed three screening models with acceptable discriminant validity for cognitive impairment. These models comprised simple questionnaire‐based items and common physical performance measurements. These models could enable screening of older adults suspected of cognitive impairment without the need to conduct cognitive tests in community settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 292–297.
ERNST TOLLER'S FILM PROJECTS
Authors: Schönfeld Christiane 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis article examines Ernst Toller's ambivalent relationship to film as a medium and to cinema as a place of mass entertainment. It focuses particularly on Toller's own film projects and his hope for cinema as an effective contributor to the public sphere, while tracing his time in Hollywood as an exile from Nazi Germany. Toller had two film scenarios in his luggage when he moved to New York – ‘Betsy James’ (later entitled ‘Lola Montez’ and, finally, ‘Heavenly Sinner’) and ‘Der Weg nach Indien’ – but neither project came to fruition. Based on surviving manuscripts, newspaper articles and Toller's correspondence with other exiles in the US and friends abroad (such as the leader of the Indian independence movement Jawaharlal Nehru and the Irish writer Denis Johnston), this article pieces together his engagement with the medium and the industry, and highlights film as an integral aspect of Toller's work in exile.
The vaccinia‐based Sementis Copenhagen Vector coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine induces broad and durable cellular and humoral immune responses
Authors: Eldi Preethi , Cooper Tamara H , Prow Natalie A , Liu Liang , Heinemann Gary K , Zhang Voueleng J , Trinidad Abigail D , Guzman‐Genuino Ruth Marian , Wulff Peter , Hobbs Leanne M , Diener Kerrilyn R , Hayball John D 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic perpetuated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants has highlighted the continued need for broadly protective vaccines that elicit robust and durable protection. Here, the vaccinia virus‐based, replication‐defective Sementis Copenhagen Vector (SCV) was used to develop a first‐generation COVID‐19 vaccine encoding the spike glycoprotein (SCV‐S). Vaccination of mice rapidly induced polyfunctional CD8 T cells with cytotoxic activity and robust type 1 T helper‐biased, spike‐specific antibodies, which are significantly increased following a second vaccination, and contained neutralizing activity against the alpha and beta variants of concern. Longitudinal studies indicated that neutralizing antibody activity was maintained up to 9 months after vaccination in both young and middle‐aged mice, with durable immune memory evident even in the presence of pre‐existing vector immunity. Therefore, SCV‐S vaccination has a positive immunogenicity profile, with potential to expand protection generated by current vaccines in a heterologous boost format and presents a solid basis for second‐generation SCV‐based COVID‐19 vaccine candidates incorporating additional SARS‐CoV‐2 immunogens.