bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’agenda législatif du Parlement européen sur la gouvernance d’entreprise soutenable : le point de vue de Marie Toussaint, eurodéputée (EELV)
Authors: Toussaint Marie 
Published: April 2022

À l’heure actuelle, la gouvernance d’entreprise n’est toujours pas adaptée aux enjeux environnementaux, climatiques et sociaux du XXI e siècle. Pourtant, il y a urgence à repenser et réformer les règles applicables aux entreprises pour qu’elles intègrent véritablement les répercussions de leurs activités sur le climat, la biodiversité ou encore les droits humains, et qu’elles répondent de leurs actes. Si les choses commencent doucement à évoluer au niveau européen, nous devons être vigilants et rester ambitieux afin de passer d’un droit souple à un droit réellement contraignant qui assurerait en particulier le respect des objectifs climatiques fixés dans l’Accord de Paris. Une réflexion sur le temps long, la prise en compte des limites planétaires dans les stratégies internes élaborées par les entreprises ou encore la pénalisation des comportements préjudiciables pour l’environnement font partie intégrante de ces solutions ambitieuses mais nécessaires pour reconnecter l’humain avec le vivant.
Galien Restoré vs Galen Rethoré : pour une lecture comparée
Authors: Colombo Timelli Maria 
Published: April 2022

La version en prose de Galien est transmise par un manuscrit du xv e siècle et un incunable d’Antoine Vérard (1500) ; malgré d’indéniables similarités, les deux textes demeurent assez différents pour que les éditeurs modernes (Keller–Kaltenbach, 1998) aient choisi de les éditer séparément, l’un à la suite de l’autre. Ayant pour but de vérifier l’hypothèse d’une source commune, cet article suit un parcours en trois étapes : après avoir comparé la structure des deux versions (organisation interne des chapitres / paragraphes), on propose la collation de quelques passages représentatifs (naissance de Galien, miracle du soleil arrêté, exécution de Ganelon) en ayant recours, lorsque cela est possible, à la source en vers, le Galien dit « de Cheltenham » ; une dernière collation est menée sur les expressions proverbiales communes au manuscrit et à l’imprimé.
« Elle fondit en larmes afin de l’inciter à la fureur. » Humiliation, genre et émotions autour de la révolte poitevine de 1241–1242
Authors: de Vasselot de Régné Clément 
Published: April 2022

En 1241, un bourgeois de La Rochelle, pour prévenir Blanche de Castille des préparatifs des barons poitevins en vue d’une révolte, lui envoie une lettre très détaillée dont les précisions ont souvent été prises au premier degré et utilisées pour tirer un portrait psychologique à charge des acteurs de la rébellion, en particulier d’Isabelle d’Angoulême. En réalité, la comtesse-reine mobilise ou transgresse à dessein un langage émotionnel et des codes comportementaux partagés par l’ensemble des acteurs de la révolte. Cette missive est d’une extrême richesse pour appréhender ces codes qui régissent la théâtralisation des émotions au xiii e siècle et leur dimension genrée. Joint aux autres textes relatifs à la révolte de 1241–1242, ce document exceptionnel illustre ainsi combien le jeu de l’humiliation et le langage émotionnel font le lien entre les représentations mentales et leur traduction en actes, occupent une place majeure dans la communication politique ou les relations entre puissants et contribuent à la bonne marche des stratégies de gouvernement.
La présomption Bosphorus après l’arrêt Bivolaru et Moldovan de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme : un bouclier de papier ?
Authors: Platon Sébastien 
Published: April 2022

L’arrêt Bivolaru et Moldovan de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, en date du 25 mars 2021, est le premier arrêt dans lequel la Cour a constaté une insuffisance manifeste de protection des droits fondamentaux permettant de renverser la présomption de respect de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme dont bénéficient, sous certaines conditions, les États membres de l’Union européenne lorsqu’ils exécutent le droit de l’Union. Au-delà de cette solution, le raisonnement de la Cour laisse apparaître les faiblesses structurelles de cette présomption.
Pluralisme des statuts de conjugalité imposé aux plus récalcitrants des Européens
Authors: Lamarche Marie 
Published: April 2022

La défense d’une conception traditionnelle du mariage – formé d’un couple de personnes de sexe différent ayant pour but la procréation et l’éducation des enfants – ne saurait impliquer la négation des droits des personnes homosexuelles. La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme rappelle, dans l’arrêt Fedotova et autres c. Russie , l’obligation d’assurer le respect de la vie privée des couples de personnes de même sexe en leur fournissant un statut juridique.
Course of Diabetic Retinopathy in Untreated Fellow Eyes in RIDE and RISE: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Bakri Sophie J. , Malhotra Mila , Stoilov Ivaylo 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To characterize diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression without therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This post hoc analysis of the phase 3 RIDE and RISE trials examined the association between baseline DR severity on rates of ≥ 2-step DR progression and improvement in untreated fellow eyes (n = 530) and ranibizumab-treated study eyes (n = 369). Kaplan–Meier analyses estimated progression to proliferative DR (PDR) over 2 years in eyes with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) at baseline.

RESULTS:
At month 24, 28.8% of untreated fellow eyes with moderately severe to severe NPDR at baseline experienced ≥ 2-step DR progression, versus 10.3% of eyes with absent to moderate NPDR and 0 eyes with mild- to high-risk proliferative DR. Of the untreated fellow eyes with moderately severe to severe NPDR, 18.9% achieved ≥ 2-step DR improvement, compared with 88.4% of ranibizumab-treated eyes.

CONCLUSION:
Without treatment, patients with moderately severe to severe NPDR are at risk of rapid disease progression and vision loss.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2022;53(4):202–207.]
« Caius Lucretius […], marchand de couleurs de la rue des fabricants de courroies ». Réflexions critiques sur les concentrations de métiers à Rome
Authors: Monteix Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

En dépit d’une absence chronique de définition, l’idée de regroupement topographique est très forte dans les études récentes sur les espaces de production du monde romain. Initialement développée à partir de l’exemple de l’Vrbs, et reposant sur des indices topographiques majoritairement transmis par l’épigraphie funéraire, cette théorie s’est progressivement étendue au reste de l’Empire jusqu’à donner naissance à la notion de « quartier artisanal », qui suppose que certaines portions de l’espace urbain étaient vouées à la seule fonction productive. Après un détour par les concepts de la géographie urbaine, une analyse critique des mentions de localisation dans les inscriptions d’hommes de métier à Rome est développée. Avec un corpus de 138 inscriptions, certaines redondances de formulation permettent de proposer une hypothèse sur les raisons qui ont amené ces praticiens à indiquer leur lieu d’exercice dans leur épitaphe. Si une idée de « quartier » doit être maintenue, elle ne saurait se distinguer de l’espace vécu, incluant l’ensemble du paysage urbain. Pour le domaine des activités économiques, seule la notion de concentration paraît opératoire, bien qu’elle ne constitue qu’un constat initial et non une interprétation en soi.
A Single-Domain TCR-like Antibody Selective for the Qa-1b/Qdm Peptide Complex Enhances Tumoricidal Activity of NK Cells via Blocking the NKG2A Immune Checkpoint
Authors: Ghaffari Soroush , Upchurch-Ange Katherine , Gimlin Susanne , Tripathi Trivendra , Sluijter Marjolein , Middelburg Jim , van Hall Thorbald , Weidanz Jon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The NKG2A/HLA-E axis is an immune checkpoint that suppresses immune effector activity in the tumor microenvironment. In mice, the ligand for the NKG2A/CD94 inhibitory receptor is the nonclassical MHC molecule Qa-1b, the HLA-E ortholog, which presents the peptide AMAPRTLLL, referred to as Qdm (for Qa-1 determinant modifier). This dominant peptide is derived from the leader sequences of murine classical MHC class I encoded by the H-2D and -L loci. To broaden our understanding of Qa-1b/Qdm peptide complex biology and its tumor protective role, we identified a TCR-like Ab from a single domain VHH library using yeast surface display. The TCR-like Ab (EXX-1) binds only to the Qa-1b/Qdm peptide complex and not to Qa-1b alone or Qa-1b loaded with control peptides. Conversely, currently available Abs to Qa-1b bind independent of peptide loaded. Flow cytometric results revealed that EXX-1 selectively bound to Qa-1b/Qdm-positive B16F10, RMA, and TC-1 mouse tumor cells but only after pretreatment with IFN-γ; no binding was observed following genetic knockdown of Qa-1b or Qdm peptide. Furthermore, EXX-1 Ab blockade promoted NK cell–mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro. Our findings show that EXX-1 has exquisite binding specificity for the Qa-1b/Qdm peptide complex, making it a valuable research tool for further investigation of the Qa-1b/Qdm peptide complex expression and regulation in healthy and diseased cells and for evaluation as an immune checkpoint blocking Ab in syngeneic mouse tumor models.
Active Release of eCIRP via Gasdermin D Channels to Induce Inflammation in Sepsis
Authors: Tan Chuyi , Reilly Bridgette , Jha Alok , Murao Atsushi , Lee Yongchan , Brenner Max , Aziz Monowar , Wang Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein (eCIRP) is an inflammatory mediator that causes inflammation and tissue injury in sepsis. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a protein that, when cleaved, forms pores in the cell membrane, releasing intracellular contents into the extracellular milieu to exacerbate inflammation. We hypothesize that eCIRP is released actively from viable macrophages via GSDMD pores. We found that LPS induced eCIRP secretion from macrophages into the extracellular space. LPS significantly increased the expression of caspase-11 and cleavage of the GSDMD, as evidenced by increased N-terminal GSDMD expression in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. GSDMD inhibitor disulfiram decreased eCIRP release in vitro. Treatment with glycine to prevent pyroptosis-induced cell lysis did not significantly decrease eCIRP release from LPS-treated macrophages, indicating that eCIRP was actively released and was independent of pyroptosis. Downregulation of GSDMD gene expression by siRNA transfection suppressed eCIRP release in vitro after LPS stimulation. Moreover, GSDMD−/− peritoneal macrophages and mice had decreased levels of eCIRP in the culture supernatants and in blood treated with LPS in vitro and in vivo, respectively. GSDMD inhibitor disulfiram inhibited serum levels of eCIRP in endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture–induced sepsis. We conclude that eCIRP release from living macrophages is mediated through GSDMD pores, suggesting that targeting GSDMD could be a novel and potential therapeutic approach to inhibit eCIRP-mediated inflammation in sepsis.
Zebrafish CERKL Enhances Host TBK1 Stability and Simultaneously Degrades Viral Protein via Ubiquitination Modulation
Authors: Chen Dan-Dan , Lu Long-Feng , Xiong Feng , Wang Xue-Li , Jiang Jing-Yu , Zhang Can , Li Zhuo-Cong , Han Ke-Jia , Li Shun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the viral infection process, host gene function is usually reported as either defending the host or assaulting the virus. In this study, we demonstrated that zebrafish ceramide kinase-like (CERKL) mediates protection against viral infection via two distinct mechanisms: stabilization of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through impairing K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) P protein by dampening K63-linked ubiquitination, resulting in an improvement of the host immune response and a decline in viral activity in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. On SVCV infection, ifnφ1 expression was increased or blunted by CERKL overexpression or knockdown, respectively. Subsequently, we found that CERKL localized in the cytoplasm, where it interacted with TBK1 and enhanced its stability by impeding the K48-linked polyubiquitination; meanwhile, the antiviral capacity of TBK1 was significantly potentiated by CERKL. In contrast, CERKL also interacted with and degraded SVCV P protein to disrupt its function in viral proliferation. Further mechanism analysis revealed K63-linked deubiquitination is the primary means of CERKL-mediated SVCV P protein degradation. Taken together, our study reveals a novel mechanism of fish defense against viral infection: the single gene cerkl is both a shield for the host and a spear against the virus, which strengthens resistance.
Pneumonia Severity and Phase Linked to Virus-Specific T Cell Responses with Distinct Immune Checkpoints during pH1N1 Infection
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Min , Zhang Hangjie , Quan Chuansong , Zhang Dannie , Liu Yingmei , Liu Meng , Xue Chunxue , Tan Shuguang , Guo Yaxin , Zhao Yingze , Wu Guizhen , Gao George F , Cao Bin , Liu William J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The detailed features and the longitudinal variation of influenza-specific T cell responses within naturally infected patients and the relationship with disease severity remain uncertain. In this study, we characterized the longitudinal influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, T cell activation, and migration-related cytokine/chemokine secretion in pH1N1-infected patients with or without viral pneumonia with human PBMCs. Both the influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells presented higher responses in patients with severe infection than in mild ones, but with distinct longitudinal variations, phenotypes of memory markers, and immune checkpoints. At 7 ± 3 d after onset of illness, effector CD8+ T cells (CD45RA+CCR7−) with high expression of inhibitory immune receptor CD200R dominated the specific T cell responses. However, at 21 ± 3 d after onset of illness, effector memory CD4+ T cells (CD45RA−CCR7−) with high expression of PD1, CTLA4, and LAG3 were higher among the patients with severe disease. The specific T cell magnitude, T cell activation, and migration-related cytokines/chemokines possessed a strong connection with disease severity. Our findings illuminate the distinct characteristics of immune system activation during dynamic disease phases and its correlation with lung injury of pH1N1 patients.
Dermatoscopic Features of Onychomycosis and its Correlation with Nail Plate Potassium Hydroxide Mount (KOH), Culture, and Periodic Acid Schiff Stain (PAS) in North East India
Authors: Marak Anita , Verma Shikha , Lyngdoh Wihiwot Valerie , Dey Biswajit 
Published: April 2022

Context:
Dermatoscopy has been used recently for identifying the specific features of onychomycosis. Very few studies have used it as a diagnostic tool. Our study highlights the specific patterns in different clinical types of onychomycosis and the novel features that have never been reported previously.

Aims:
To study the dermatoscopic patterns in patients with onychomycosis and determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of the different features.

Study Design:
A cross-sectional study.

Materials and Method:
Dermatoscopic picture using dinolite video dermatoscope was taken in patients diagnosed with onychomycosis either with a positive KOH, culture, and/or PAS.

Result:
A total of 80 patients were included. Onychomycosis was identified in 68 individuals. Clinically, 73.52% presented with distal lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) and 26.47% had total dystrophic (TD). PAS was positive in 85.29% of patients, KOH in 75%, and culture in 66.17%. Trichophyton species were isolated in 53.33%, whereas Candida species in 40% of patients. Dermatoscopic features were seen in all 68 patients (100%). The most common finding in decreasing order includes spike pattern, ruin appearance, distal irregular terminations (DIT), longitudinal striations, chromonychia, focal homogeneous opacities, microsplitting, and uniform homogeneous pattern. Three novel patterns were observed: homogeneous opacity with a-z pattern border, microsplitting in a Christmas tree pattern, and focal homogeneous opacities.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in northeast India where dermatoscopy was used as a diagnostic tool and it was found to have the highest sensitivity. New features that have not been described before have been identified.
The Unsung Signs of Dermatology
Authors: Ramesh Heera , Somashekar Sachin 
Published: April 2022

“The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend.”
The term “sign” refers to an objective physical finding observed by the examiner. In dermatology, the diagnosis mainly depends on the examiner and certain physical signs serve as an important clue to diagnosis of the disease. The objective of this review is to bring to light certain lesser-known signs in dermatology.
Etiology of corneal blindness in patients attending a tertiary care center in Kashmir
Authors: Kounser Afshan , Rasool Aalia , Wani Junaid S. , Manzoor Nadia 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:
To study the etiology of corneal blindness in patients attending the cornea clinic of a tertiary care center of Kashmir.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study with prospective as well as retrospective recruitment of cases conducted over a period of 2 years. Patients with corneal blindness were included, and history regarding age, gender, laterality, residence, and occupation was taken.

RESULTS:
A total of 318 patients were studied with 151 (47.5%) males and 167 (52.5%) females; majority (48.8%) belonged to the age group of 31 to 50 years. 92.8% had unilateral and 7.2% had bilateral involvement, 57.2% belonged to rural and 42.8% to urban areas, and 61% were outdoor and 39% were indoor workers. The most common cause was infectious keratitis (57.54%) which included viral (25.8%), bacterial (23.27%), and fungal (8.5%). Bullous keratopathy accounted for 17.30% (aphakic 3.10% and pseudophakic 14.2%), followed by trauma 10.26% with mechanical trauma 6.29% and chemical trauma 3.46%. Advanced keratoconus accounted for 7.5% of cases and failed graft for 4.72%. Corneal dystrophies and degenerations accounted for 1.9% of cases.

CONCLUSION:
Majority of the causes of corneal blindness are preventable if addressed appropriately and timely with good health-care facilities at community level, education, awareness, and proper facilities, especially provision of protective tools and equipment at workplaces.
Spectrality of a class of Moran measures on with consecutive digit sets
Authors: Chen Si , Li Qian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLet
$\{R_{k}\}_{k=1}^{\infty }$
be a sequence of expanding integer matrices in
$M_{n}(\mathbb {Z})$
, and let
$\{D_{k}\}_{k=1}^{\infty }$
be a sequence of finite digit sets with integer vectors in
${\mathbb Z}^{n}$
. In this paper, we prove that under certain conditions in terms of
$(R_{k},D_{k})$
for
$k\ge 1$
, the Moran measure
$$ \begin{align*} \mu_{\{R_{k}\},\{D_{k}\}}:=\delta_{R_{1}^{-1}D_{1}}\ast\delta_{R_{1}^{-1}R_{2}^{-1}D_{2}}\ast\cdots \end{align*} $$
is a spectral measure. For the converse, we get a necessity condition for the admissible pair
$(R,D)$
.
Analysis of the Relationship between Public Schools Distribution and Population in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Cyril Kanayochukwu Ezeamaka 
Published: April 2022

The paper was aimed at examining the relationship between the distribution of public primary and secondary schools and the population in Kaduna State. The study used GPS Map 78 to ascertain the location of the schools through field observation. The student population was obtained from the headteacher while the population was obtained from the projected 2006 census figure. A multistage sampling method was adopted to select nine LGAs within the three senatorial zones of the state. Descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (v25), Spearman Rank Correlation, and Pearson Correlation was used for data analysis. The 1907 public schools (1634 public primary and 273 secondary schools) were found. The result revealed that the overall Location Quotient (LQ) value for all public schools (primary, junior and secondary schools) is 1.14 which represents a moderate concentration of public schools. The result showed that Kaduna South LGA has the least LQ (0.23) and is closely followed by Zaria LGA (0.56), while Kajuru LGA has the most concentration of schools with an LQ of 2.2. The result also revealed that LQ for Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) value varies from (1.9) in Kagarko LGA, having the highest concentration of JSS and to 0.5 in Jemaá LGA The Spearman Rank Correlation with the coefficient of 0.188 revealed a weak positive relationship between the provision of public schools and students’ population while Pearson Correlation established a negative relationship between the distribution of public schools and general population with the coefficient of -0.19. The study concluded that there is no relationship between the population and distribution of public schools in Kaduna State.
Sverdlovsk factory "Russkiye Samotsvety" (Russian Precious Gems) and Glavyuvelirprom in the 1960s: on the problem of relations
Authors: Винокуров С.Е. 
Published: April 2022

Свердловский завод №10 «Русские самоцветы», наследник традиций императорской Екатеринбургской гранильной фабрики, перешел в ведение Советского государства в первые месяцы советской власти. В период 1920–1960-х предприятие неоднократно меняло ведомственное подчинение, что во многом накладывало отпечаток как на объемы производства, так и на их художественную составляющую. В середине 1960-х завод перешел из подчинения «местным» наркоматам в управление сначала Росювелирпрома (1965), затем Главювелирпрома (1966), что повлияло не только на управление предприятием, но и на утверждение новых моделей камнерезных произведений. В статье на основе архивных данных представлена специфика взаимоотношений свердловского завода «Русские самоцветы» с Главювелирпромом, раскрыт характер утверждения собственных заводских моделей и исполнения «спущенных сверху» проектов, разработанных ВНИИЮвелирпромом.Sverdlovsk Factory No. 10 “Russkiye Samotsvety” (Russian Precious Gems), the heir to the traditions of the Imperial Yekaterinburg Lapidary Factory, came under the jurisdiction of the Soviet state in the first months of Soviet power. In the period of the 1920s – 1960s, the enterprise repeatedly changed departmental subordination, which largely left its mark on both production volumes and their artistic component. In the mid-1960s, the factory was transferred from subordination to the “local” people's commissariats to the management of first Rosyuvelirprom (1965), then Glavyuvelirprom (1966), which affected not only the management of the enterprise, but also the specifics of approving new models of stone-cutting works. The article, based on archival data, present the specifics of the relationship between the Sverdlovsk factory “Russkiye Samotsvety” and Glavyuvelirprom, reveal the nature of the approval of their own factory models and the execution of “lowered from above” projects developed by VNIIIYuvelirprom.