bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field/Laboratory/Field Cycle Optimizes Fracture Placement, Well Performance
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204189, “8,070 Miles From the Field to the Laboratory and Back: A Pragmatic Sequencing of Laboratory- and Field-Based Fluid Testing and Quality Assurance/Quality Control—A Case History From Sichuan Region, China,” by A. Casero, SPE, A. Gomaa, and J. Ronderos, SPE, Titan Global Oil Services, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper illustrates comprehensive laboratory efforts undertaken to evaluate different high-viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) and crosslinked gel products, their successful field application supported by a robust and effective field quality-assurance/quality-control (QA/QC) process, and the critical importance of maintaining an effective field/laboratory/field cycle to optimize fluid design and maximize results. A successful execution of several treatments in a challenging shale play in the Sichuan region of China achieved record proppant placements and, just as importantly, demonstrated repeatability and consistency over time, which had not previously been attained.

Geological Setting
The Sichuan Basin in southern China is a very active unconventional play targeting the Longmaxi Shale, a high-pressure/high-temperature shallow-to-deep marine shale deposited on top of the Baota limestone during the Late Ordovician and Early Silurian ages. The highly complex subsurface geomechanical environment is considered the main root cause of widespread casing deformation and associated challenges facing hydraulic fracturing.
Study Reviews Carbon-Capture Methods in Steelmaking Plants
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31540, “Comparative Review Study on Different Carbon-Capture Methods and Applications in Steelmaking Plants From an Economic Point of View,” by Thinesh S. Arul Rajoo, Khaled A. Elraies, SPE, and Ully Z. Husna, SPE, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The complete paper discusses carbon-capture processes and applications in the steelmaking industry from an economic point of view. Carbon capture is an expensive process, which can create hesitation in implementation. However, this process has not been properly quantified, which is the authors’ primary goal.

Introduction
The first portion of the complete paper describes the primary techniques used in carbon capture:
- Chemical absorption
- Physical absorption and membrane separation
- Precombustion
- Oxyfuel and partial oxyfuel combustion
- Direct air capture
Safety and feasibility of novel reconstruction method using long and narrow cobra- head- shaped gastric tube in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for cancer
Authors: Ueda Yoshitake , Kawasaki Takahide , Tanabe Sanshi , Suzuki Kosuke , Ninomiya Shigeo , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Inomata Masafumi , Shiraishi Norio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose.
To clarify the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) with our novel reconstruction methods, clinical outcomes of this LPG were evaluated and compared to those of LPG with our conventional method.
Methods.
Novel method is a reconstruction with a long and narrow gastric tube with widening of the proximal side of the gastric tube created by linear stapler. Esophagogastrostomy is performed by direct anastomosis with overlap method between the posterior wall of the esophagus and anterior wall of the gastric tube using a linear stapler. In conventional method, direct anastomosis between the esophagus and a gastric tube by a circular stapler was performed. Short- and long-term outcomes of a novel method were compared with those of conventional method.
Results.
A total of 39 patients whom LPG was performed were enrolled in this retrospective study. The amount of blood loss in the Novel method group (n = 30) was significantly less than those in the Conventional method group (n = 9) (40 vs. 110 ml, p < 0.01). No cases of anastomotic leakage and stenosis were observed in both groups. The cases of postoperative reflux esophagitis at 1 year after operation in the Novel group were less than those in the Conventional group (10% vs. 33%). In the Novel group, postoperative recurrence was observed in 2 patients (7%).
Conclusion.
LPG with novel reconstruction method using long and narrow cobra- head-shaped gastric tube can be easily performed, and may be feasible for the treatment of gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach.
The Role and Value of In-Country African Instructors in International Experiential Training Programs; A Qualitative Case Study from the University of Minnesota
Authors: Nawagi Faith , Raman Aruna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: For effective delivery of International experiential training programs, many universities in the Global North, have created partnerships with universities in the global south especially in Africa to enhance their capacity and diversity of learning for their students. However, there is hardly any literature that exhibits the value and roles of African instructors in international experiential learning programs.Methods: This was a qualitative case study that examined the role of instructors and experts from Africa in influencing student learning processes and outcomes in the GCC 3003/5003 - Seeking Solutions to Global Health Issues. Semi-structured interviews with (2) students, (2)University of Minnesota lead faculty for the course, and (3) in-country instructors/experts from countries in East Africa and the Horn of Africa were conducted. Data was analyzed thematically.Results: The African In-country course instructors/experts describe themselves as “conduits” and “bridge builders,” filling gaps in knowledge for students, and “providing a true picture reflection of happenings on the ground.” Conclusions: In-country African instructors’ roles can be viewed as those aimed at validating students' ideas to apply to the local settings, streamlining students' focus, providing a platform for multi-stakeholder engagement to a particular topic coupled with bringing a real in-country context experience in the classroom.
A water reservoir on the Moon revealed by water diffusion in the Chang’e-5 impact glasses
Authors: He Huicun , Ji Jianglong , Zhang Yue , Hu Sen , Lin Yangting , Hui Hejiu , Hao Jialong , Li Rui-Ying , Yang Wei , Tian Heng-Ci , Zhang Chi , Anand Mahesh , Tartese Romain , Gu Lixin , Li Jin-Hua , Zhang Di , Mao Qian , Jia Li-Hui , Li Xiao-Guang , Chen Yi , Zhang Li , Ni Huaiwei , Wu Shitou , Wang Hao , Li Qiuli , He Huaiyu , Li Xian-Hua , Wu Fu-Yuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The last decade of lunar exploration has revealed the presence of significant quantities of water on the Moon’s surface, notably characterised by global water retention, release, and replenishment1-9. This led to the proposition that a hydrated layer exists at depth in lunar soils, buffering a water cycle on the Moon globally9. However, so far no candidate reservoir has been identified for this hydrated layer. Here, we report the water abundances, hydrogen isotope compositions, and their core to rim variations, measured in impact glass beads from the Chang’e-5 (CE5) lunar soils. These targets preserve hydration signatures as revealed through water abundance profiles indicating diffusion of solar wind-derived hydrogen inwards into the glasses. Modelling suggests diffusion timescales of less than 661 years at a temperature of 296 K, which could provide an efficient mechanism to explain the recharge of water to sustain the lunar surface water cycle. We estimate that the amount of water contributed by impact glass beads in lunar soils can reach up to 7 × 1013 kilograms. These findings provide the first ground truths that could explain the water cycle at the Moon’s surface and demonstrate potential water reservoirs on airless bodies in the solar system.
Herbivore digestion as environmental filter - which seed traits help species survive?
Authors: Lepková Barbora , Mašková Tereza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Herbivorous animals are one of the vectors for seed dispersal of open-landscape plant species. The plant species are expected to be adapted to this type of dispersal and researchers presume they have specific seed traits. To find which traits help seeds survive the passage through digestion of wild herbivores, we conducted a comprehensive feeding experiment with almost forty species of plants and four species of herbivorous mammals. We fed specified numbers of seeds to the animals, collected the dung and germinated the dung content. We explored whether seed morphological traits and seed nutrient contents are good predictors of seed survival after passage through the herbivore digestive system. We also tested how the seed survival differed after the passage through different herbivore species. We found that species survival and germination success was positively correlated to seed nitrogen content and negatively to seed elongation. However, when we tested species from main families separately, i.e., legumes, grasses, and all other species, these trends changed directions. This suggests that seed dispersal by free-ranging wild herbivores is more a random process than driven by seed traits.
Dynamic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Network using Static Neighbor Graph based prediction
Authors: S Mangairkarasi , D Arivudainambi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), secondary users are allowed to access the licensed spectrum bands when it was not used by the primary user. The activities of the secondary users such as “how long to sense” and “how long to transmit” make a considerable intrusion into the quality of service of the secondary user due to dynamic spectrum access. Dynamic spectrum access techniques improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization. To alleviate the processing delay involved in spectrum utilization, spectrum prediction technique has been proposed for CRN. In this paper, an approach called Static Neighbor Graph (SNG) based prediction used for the prediction of the occupancy status of a primary user. Besides the prediction, the secondary user evades the sensing duty on busy channels which makes a considerable reduction in sensing time and energy consumption significantly. Along with SNG, the Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is suggested for the coordination of the channel access to the secondary network. The performance of this proposed work has been illustrated and validated in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, and channel utilization.
Role of local Ru hexamers in superconductivity of ruthenium phosphide
Authors: Bozin Emil , Koch Robert , Aryal Niraj , Ivashko Oleh , Liu Yu , Aabeykoon Milinda , Bauer Eric , Zimmermann Martin v. , YIN WEIGUO , Petrovic Cedomir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Superconductivity in binary ruthenium pnictides occurs proximal to and upon suppression of a mysterious non-magnetic ground state, preceded by a pseudogap phase associated with Fermi
surface instability, and its critical temperature, Tc, is maximized around the pseudogap quantum critical point. By analogy with isoelectronic iron based counterparts, antiferromagnetic fluctuations became "usual suspects" as putative mediators of superconducting pairing. Here we report on a high temperature local symmetry breaking in RuP, the parent of the maximum-Tc branch of these novel superconductors, revealed by combined nanostructure-sensitive powder and single crystal X-ray total scattering experiments. Large local Ru6 hexamer distortions associated with orbital-charge
trimerization form above the two-stage electronic transition in RuP. While hexamer ordering enables the nonmagnetic ground state and presumed complex oligomerization, the relevance of pseudogap
fluctuations for superconductivity emerges as a distinct prospect. As a transition metal system in which partial d-manifold filling combined with high crystal symmetry promotes electronic instabilities, this represents a further example of local electronic precursors underpinning the macroscopic
collective behavior of quantum materials.
Ignition control and waste heat assessment of spontaneous combustion gangue hill by gravity heat pipe group: a case study in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Zhou Xueyu , Guo Liangliang , Zhang Yongbo , Chang Ke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpontaneous combustion gangue hill has attracted great attention due to serious environmental pollution and terrible geological disasters. However, the rich thermal resources inside are often ignored. In order to control the spontaneous combustion of gangue hill and utilize the internal waste heat resources, this project studied the combined treatment effect of 821 gravity heat pipes, laid 47 sets of temperature monitoring devices, evaluated the storage of waste heat resources and proposed different waste heat utilization methods. The results show that: (1) The positions of spontaneous combustion are all located on the windward slope. The highest temperature is in the range of 6m~12m underground, exceeding 700 ℃. (2) The single-tube experiment of gravity heat pipe shows that the effective temperature control radius is 2m. The cooling effect is obvious in the range of 3m~5m underground. However, the temperature rises at the depth of 1 m underground. (3) After 90 days of treatment of the gravity heat pipe group, the temperature at the depths of 3m, 4m, 5m and 6m in the high temperature zone dropped by 56℃, 66℃, 63℃ and 42℃ respectively. The maximum temperature drop exceeds 160℃. The average temperature drop in the middle and low temperature areas is between 9°C and 21°C. (4) The concentration of harmful gases (CO, SO2and H2S) decreases by more than 90%. The hazard level is greatly reduced. (5) The amount of waste heat resources contained within ten meters of the spontaneous combustion gangue hill is 7.83E13J. Waste heat resources can be used for indoor heating and greenhouse cultivation. And, under the temperature difference of 50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C, the electric energy generated by the heat through the thermoelectric conversion device in the high temperature zone of the gangue hill is 4056.8 kW·h, 7468.2 kW·h and 10603 kW·h, respectively.
Visual prognosis and surgical timing of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for neovascular glaucoma secondary to diabetic vitrectomy
Authors: Lee Jong Suk , Lee Young Bok , Kim Tae-Woo , Park Kyu Hyung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Evaluate the visual outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (AGVI) in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) who underwent diabetic vitrectomy and suggest appropriate AGVI timing.Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent AGVI due to NVG after diabetic vitrectomy were reviewed. Successful intraocular pressure (IOP) control was defined as an IOP between 6 and 21 mmHg. Visual outcome was compared before NVG diagnosis and after AGVI, and the “unfavorable visual outcome” was based on 0.3 LogMAR unit of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Various factors including surgical timing were evaluated to identify the risk factors associated with unfavorable visual outcome. Results: A total of 35 eyes were enrolled and divided into group 1(medically uncontrolled NVG group, 16 eyes) and group 2(NVG group responded well to the initial non-surgical treatment but eventually required AGVI, 19 eyes). Despite the favorable rate of normalization of post-AGVI IOP (85.7%), 43.8% in Group 1 and 26.3% in Group 2 showed unfavorable visual outcomes. In group 1, delayed surgical timing of AGVI showed a significant association with unfavorable visual outcomes (P = 0.041). In group 2, poor patient compliance was the main factor of unfavorable visual outcomes.Conclusions: When NVG occurs in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy, physicians should be cautious not to delay the surgical intervention, especially in patients with IOP of 30 or more despite non-surgical treatment. Early AGVI within six days might be necessary to preserve useful vision in these patients.
Young Generations' Hopelessness Perpetuates Long-term Conflicts
Authors: Hasler Béatrice S. , Leshem Oded A. , Hasson Yossi , Landau Daniel H. , Krayem Yara , Blatansky Chen , Baratz Guy , Friedman Doron , Psaltis Charis , Cakal Huseyin , Cohen-Chen Smadar , Halperin Eran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransforming long-term conflicts into peaceful intergroup relations is one of the most difficult challenges for humanity. Such meaningful social changes are often driven by young people. But do young people living in contexts of long-term conflicts believe that change is even possible? In a series of six studies (Ntotal= 119,671) over two decades and across two unrelated intractable conflicts in Israel/Palestine and Cyprus, we found that younger (compared to older) generations from both respective rival groups have less hope for peace, and consequently less conciliatory attitudes. We also show that this gradual improvement of peace-promoting emotions and attitudes with increasing age can be experimentally accelerated in young people through a virtual reality-based aging simulation. These findings provide a new perspective on the fundamental question of why long-term conflicts are so difficult to resolve and highlight the importance of instilling hope in young generations to advance peace processes.
Factors associated with acute kidney injury among preterm infants administered vancomycin: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shin Baek Sup , Shin Seung Han , Park Seul Gi , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Vancomycin (VCM) is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of gram-positive microorganisms, with some nephrotoxic effects. Recent studies have suggested that piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) aggravates VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in adults and adolescents. However, there is a lack of research investigating these effects in the newborn population. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether the concomitant use of TZP with VCM use increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and to explore the factors associated with AKI in preterm infants treated with VCM.
Methods
This retrospective study included preterm infants with birth weight < 1,500g in a single tertiary center who were born between 2018 and 2021 and received VCM for a minimum of 3 days. AKI is defined as a minimum increase in serum creatinine (SCr) of 0.3 mg/dl and an increase in SCr of at least 1.5 times the baseline. The study population was categorized as those with or without concomitant use of TZP. Data on perinatal and postnatal factors associated with AKI were collected and analyzed.
Results
Of the 70 infants, 17 died before 7 postnatal days or antecedent AKI and were excluded. Among the remaining participants, 25 received VCM with TZP (VCM + TZP) and 28 patients VCM without TZP (VCM-TZP). Gestational age (GA) at birth (750.4 ± 232.2 vs 838.1 ± 268.7, p = 0.212) and birthweight (26.5 ± 2.6 grams, p = 0.859) were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of AKI between groups. Multivariate analysis showed that GA (adjusted OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.98, p = 0.042), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (adjusted OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 0.67–41.05, p = 0.115), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (adjusted OR: 37.65, 95% CI: 3.08–459.96, p = 0.005) were associated with AKI in the study population.
Conclusions
In very low birthweight infants, concomitant use of TZP did not increase the risk of AKI during VCM administration. Instead, a lower GA, PDA, and NEC were associated with AKI in this population.
Pre-clinical efficacy of CD20-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Wen Hairuo , Lou Xiaoyan , Qu Zhe , Qin Chao , Jiang Hua , Yang Ying , Kang Liqing , Geng Xingchao , Yu Lei , Huang Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:A 4-1BB/CD3-ζ-costimulated CAR-T against CD20 (CAR-T20) was subjected to a systemic efficacy evaluation in a cell coculture model, and NOD-SCID IL-2 receptor gamma null mice (short for NSG mice) were xenografted with human Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells.Methods:CAR-T20 cells were incubated with target cells (K562, K562 CD20 or Raji cells) at ratios of 10:1 and 5:1 for 24 h, and the killing rate was estimated by an LDH cytotoxicity assay. To evaluate the effect of CAR-T20 on the survival time of tumor-bearing animals, 30 NSG mice were employed, and Raji-Luc cells (5×105cells per mouse) were administered prior to CAR-T20 administration. The survival time, optical intensity of Raji-Luc cells, clinical symptoms, and body mass of the animals were observed. Another 144 male NSG mice were employed to investigate the proliferation and antitumor effects of CAR-T20. Human cytokine and murine cytokines were detected at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 and 90 days post-CAR-T administration, while biochemistry index analysis, T-cell and CAR-T-cell detection in peripheral blood, and histopathological examination were performed at 14, 28, 56 and 90 days post-administration.Results:CAR-T20 cells had a specific killing effect on CD20-expressing cellsin vitro. At a dose of 1×106per mouse or above, CAR-T20 prolonged the median survival time from 14 days to more than 3 months, inhibited the proliferation of Raji cells in mice, and alleviated the clinical manifestations and weight loss caused by the Raji-Luc cell load. CAR-T20 at a dose of 2×106per mouse or above inhibited the proliferation of Raji cells in mice for up to 111 days post-administration without recurrence. The numbers of T cells and CAR-T cells in the animals administered CAR-T20 increased significantly when Raji cells were markedly proliferated and subsequently decreased when Raji cells were predominantly inhibited. CAR-T20 increased human IFN-γ, murine TNF and murine IL-6 levels and decreased human IL-10 levels in tumor-bearing mice. The incidences of xenografted tumors in organs/tissues were also reduced effectively by CAR-T20.Conclusion:The effective dose of CAR-T20 in mice starts from 1×106per mouse, equivalent to a clinical dose of 5×106/kg. Together, our data support the clinical translation of CAR-T20 for R/R B-cell NHL patients.
Tumor–stroma ratio, predict the prognostic and PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Dong , Luo Jia , Tao Yiming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: With the depth research of tumor microenvironment, tumor stroma was considered to play a leading role in the tumor malignant behavior, the PD-L1 was also related with the tumor stroma. Tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) has already been regarded as a novel prognostic factor in many cancers. Our study aims to assess the TSR and PD-L1 clinical value in the HCC patients. Material and methods: 95 patients who diagnosed HCC, were included in our res. TSR was estimated on HCC specimen HE sections, and the optimal TSR cut-off value was determined by ROC curves. The correlation between TSR and clinicopathologic features was also culculated. Immunohistochemistry staining was also carried out to analysis the PD-L1 expression levlel in HCCs. Results: The optimal TSR cut-off value was 0.525. The median OS of the stroma-high and stroma-low groups was 27 vs. 36 momths. The median RFS of the stroma-high and stroma-low groups was 14.5 vs. 27 months. In Cox multivariate, TSR was an independent prognostic factor in HCCs overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) who underwent liver resection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining revealed that TSR-high HCC samples with high PD-L1-positive cells expression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that TSR can predict the prognosis in the HCCs who underwent liver resection, the TSR has relation with the PD-L1 expression and may be the therapy target which can dramatically improve the HCC patients’ clinical outcomes.