bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco‐friendly dyeing of cotton using waste‐derived natural dyes and mordants
Authors: Nazir Faiza , Siddique Amna , Nazir Ahsan , Javed Sonia , Hussain Tanveer , Abid Sharjeel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBecause of the environmental burden of synthetic dyes, there has been a revival in practising natural dyeing globally. Natural dyeing uses metallic mordants for improving the dye's fastness properties. However, metallic mordants are also toxic. Herein, both the dyes and mordants were extracted from plant waste using water as a green solvent. The extracted dyes were then applied to the cotton fabric using a natural mordant. The dyed fabric samples were characterised for colour yield, fastness properties, ultraviolet protection and antibacterial activity. For the intended purpose, the wastes of sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran and rice husk were used for dye and mordant extraction. It was found that by increasing the extraction temperature from 30 to 60°C, the dye yield increased. From the K/S values, it was observed that premordanting gave better colour strength than post‐mordanting or meta‐mordanting. The overall ratings for washing and crocking were 3‐4 and 4‐5, respectively. No significant antibacterial activity was observed in the dyed samples. However, excellent ultraviolet protection was observed.
A risk scoring system integrating postoperative factors for predicting early mortality after major non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Chae Dongwoo , Kim Na Young , Kim Hyun Joo , Kim Tae Lim , Kang Su Jeong , Kim So Yeon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to develop a risk scoring system for 1‐week and 1‐month mortality after major non‐cardiac surgery, and assess the impact of postoperative factors on 1‐week and 1‐month mortality using machine learning algorithms. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 21,510 patients who were transfused with red blood cells during non‐cardiac surgery and collected pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative features. We derived two patient cohorts to predict 1‐week and 1‐month mortality and randomly split each of them into training and test cohorts at a ratio of 8:2. All the modeling steps were carried out solely based on the training cohorts, whereas the test cohorts were reserved for the evaluation of predictive performance. Incorporation of postoperative information demonstrated no significant benefit in predicting 1‐week mortality but led to substantial improvement in predicting 1‐month mortality. Risk scores predicting 1‐week and 1‐month mortality were associated with area under receiver operating characteristic curves of 84.58% and 90.66%, respectively. Brain surgery, amount of intraoperative red blood cell transfusion, preoperative platelet count, preoperative serum albumin, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status were included in the risk score predicting 1‐week mortality. Postoperative day (POD) 5 (neutrophil count × mean platelet volume) to (lymphocyte count × platelet count) ratio, preoperative and POD 5 serum albumin, and occurrence of acute kidney injury were included in the risk score predicting 1‐month mortality. Our scoring system advocates the importance of postoperative complete blood count differential and serum albumin to better predict mortality beyond the first week post‐surgery.
Determining suitable observation times for testing odor preferences of a parasitoid wasp, Cotesia kariyai, using a four‐arm olfactometer
Authors: Mizuno Yota , Kuramitsu Kazumu , Kainoh Yooichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParasitoid wasps locate their hosts by tracking host‐related chemicals, such as herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Attractiveness of HIPVs to parasitoid wasps has often been investigated using four‐arm olfactometers, but suitability of observation times for behavioral tests using olfactometers has received insufficient attention. In this study, we evaluated differences in results of two‐choice bioassays with multiple observation times in a four‐arm olfactometer. We found that odor preferences of the parasitoid Cotesia kariyai (Watanabe) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to host‐induced plant volatiles changed with time in a four‐arm olfactometer. These changes were detected only between 60–120 s from the start of experiments, and there were no changes in preference after 120 s. The gradual decrease in odor preference can be explained by habituation. It is necessary to consider habituation of parasitoid wasps to plant volatiles and to determine suitable observation times depending on the species, so that appropriate behavioral assays can be performed in a multi‐arm olfactometer or other equipment.
Increased expression of bone/cartilage‐associated genes and core transcription factors in keloids by RNA sequencing
Authors: Lin Pingping , Zhang Guohong , Peng Rui , Zhao Mingming , Li Hang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFibroblasts in keloids undergo cell identity transition with altered transcriptional characteristics. However, the core transcription factors driving this cellular reprogramming remain largely unknown. Here, we report the results of transcriptional profiling from 48 keloid and 24 control dermal tissues. We identified 1187 upregulated differentially expressed genes (foldchange > 2, false discovery rate < 0.05) in keloids, which were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix organization and bone/cartilage development, with significantly increased expression of bone/cartilage‐associated collagens (COL5A1, COL10A1, and COL11A1) and glycoproteins (ACAN, COMP, and SPARC). Deconvolution analysis also revealed significantly increased composition of osteoblasts in keloid dermis. A total of 92 upregulated transcription factors were screened out from differentially expressed genes and mainly enriched in transcription process and skeleton development. Additional sequencing of six keloid individuals with multiple regions and intersection further narrow the list with 10 transcription factors. Finally, AEBP1, CREB3L1, RUNX2, and ZNF469 have been identified as candidate core regulators in promoting the gaining of bone/cartilage‐like characteristics in keloids. RNA‐sequencing of full‐skin keloids consolidated the existence of these four transcription factors. Immunohistochemistry was employed to verify the expression of AEBP1, CREB3L1, RUNX2, and ZNF469 in keloid fibroblasts. In conclusion, we bioinformatically discovered the increased expression of bone/cartilage‐associated genes and candidate core transcription factors in keloids. Our findings promise to provide molecular clues to develop novel therapeutic modalities against skin fibrosis.
Use of hurdle technology to extend the shelf life of escamoles (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr)
Authors: Ramirez‐Garcia Gabriela L. , Ruiz‐Cabrera Miguel A. , Abud‐Archila Miguel , Grajales‐Lagunes Alicia 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining techniques such as blanching time, pH and aw reduction on microbiological growth and enzymatic activity to increase the shelf life of fresh escamoles. A completely randomised factorial design with three factors (aw, pH and blanching time) and two different levels per factor was created to obtain the preservative conditions based on the microbiological growth and enzymatic activity of escamoles. The results indicated that the experimental conditions of aw, pH and blanching time were 0.90, 5 and 10 or 15 s, respectively, with reduced microbial growth and proteolytic activity, which allowed significantly increasing the escamoles' shelf life from 4 to 45 days under refrigeration at 4°C. Therefore, it is feasible to use this methodology for the preservation of this product in order to resemble fresh, microbiologically safe escamoles.
Changes in physicochemical quality and protein properties of porcine longissimus lumborum during dry ageing
Authors: Wang Hengpeng , Wang Yinlan , Wu Danxuan , Gao Sumin , Jiang Songsong , Tang Hailian , Lv Guanhua , Zou Xiaobo , Meng Xiangren 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe present study investigated the effects of dry‐ageing time on physicochemical quality and protein properties of porcine longissimus lumborum within 48 h of postmortem ageing. Results showed that appropriately prolonged dry‐ageing time (24 and 36 h) had a positive effect on the tenderness, water‐holding capacity, thermal stability and gel properties of meat, as evident from the decrease of shear force, dripping loss, cooking loss, T2 relaxation time, enthalpy value and the increase in storage and loss modulus. Nevertheless, the excessive extension of ageing (48 h) increased the degree of protein oxidation and degradation by maintaining the lowest total sulfhydryl but the highest carbonyl content, and producing more small molecular weight protein chains (35.4, 20 and 19.6 KDa). Chemometric analysis further clarified the appropriate ageing time of desirable meat. In conclusion, dry ageing 24 and 36 h were suggested as the reasonable postmortem ageing time for porcine longissimus lumborum in China.
Influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the alteration of historical unstable glasses
Authors: Cid Raquel , Palomar Teresa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistoric glasses can be altered in the presence of inorganic pollutants, such as CO2, SO2, or NO2, but also, by the volatile organic compounds emitted by the museum cabinets. Among these pollutants, compounds with carbonyl groups such as acetic and formic acids, and formaldehyde are the most common ones. In this work, a study of the interaction of these contaminants with three of the most relevant historical glasses was carried out. These glasses were soda silicate glass, potash silicate glass, and lead crystal glass. Two alteration tests were carried out in these glasses in the presence of water, acetic acid, formic acid, or formaldehyde. In the first test, the alteration induced by the liquid solution was evaluated by the pH monitoring and the study of the ions lixiviated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. In the second study, the alteration with gaseous contaminants was carried out. The hygroscopic capacity of the glasses was analyzed by gravimetry, the evolution of the glass surface by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode, and the ions found on the glass surface by ion chromatography. These methods allowed to observe the different degradations that occurred in the three glasses in the presence of different pollutants in aqueous or gaseous environments.
Levilactobacillus brevis from carnivores can ameliorate hypercholesterolemia: In vitro and in vivo mechanistic evidence
Authors: Munir Aneela , Javed Ghulam Ayesha , Javed Saman , Arshad Najma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim was to explore the probiotic and hypocholesterolaemic potential of two Levilactobacillus brevis strains of carnivore origin along with selected underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results
Levilactobacillus brevis MT950194 and L. brevis MW365351 were analysed in vitro for oro-gastro-intestinal stress tolerance, cholesterol reduction, cholesterol adsorption (through scanning electron microscopy) and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Strains could survive (&gt;80%) in oro-gastro-intestinal conditions and reduce high amount of cholesterol (35% and 54%) from media containing bile salts (0.3%) as compared with Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and presented the least pathogenicity towards mammalian cells. Exopolysaccharide production, cell surface cholesterol adherence and BSH activity were witnessed as possible cholesterol-lowering mechanisms. In in vivo experiment, the treatments of hypercholesterolaemic rats with L. brevis MT950194, L. brevis MW365351 and their mixture led to significant (p &lt; 0.05) reduction in serum and hepatic cholesterol, low-density lipids, cholesterol ratio, liver steatosis and size of adipocytes. It further ameliorated diet-induced changes in hepatic enzymes.

Conclusions
Levilactobacillus brevis MT950194 and L. brevis MW365351 from carnivores have probiotic pharmacological potential and can reduce serum cholesterol through surface adherence and BSH production.

Significance and Impact of the Study
These strains may be utilized in treating hypercholesterolaemia and production of low-fat functional foods.
Supporting young adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities to deliver a peer mentoring intervention: Evaluating fidelity and resources required
Authors: Schwartz Ariel , Hwang I‐Ting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeer‐delivered interventions are a best practice in mental health, yet no such intervention exists for young adults (YA) with intellectual/developmental disabilities with co‐occurring mental health conditions. We evaluated YA with intellectual/developmental disabilities' ability to deliver a novel peer mentoring intervention with fidelity and the supports received.MethodsWe coded audio‐recorded mentoring sessions to evaluate if 4 mentors adhered to ‘content’ (e.g., psychoeducation) and ‘quality’ (e.g., validation) fidelity criteria (codes: yes/no). We conducted content analysis of mentor support logs and interviews with mentors', mentors' parents and teachers to describe the supports mentors received.ResultsAverage fidelity for content criteria (M = 73.3%) was higher than quality criteria (M = 60.0%). Weekly support addressed logistics, delivering content, interpersonal interactions, emotional support, professionalism, and organisation. Family members and teachers rarely provided additional support.ConclusionsWith support, YA can deliver a peer mentoring intervention addressing mental health. Additional training activities will be developed to improve fidelity.
Cholesterol efflux capacity of high‐density lipoprotein was not associated with cognitive decline and brain structures in older people with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Tan Kathryn CB , Shiu Sammy WM , Luo Yishan , Shi Lin , Kwok Timothy CY 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo examine the association between cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and cognitive function and brain structures in older people with diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsParticipants of a randomized placebo‐controlled trial of 27‐month vitamin B12 supplementation in older people with diabetes mellitus, which showed no effect on cognition, were further followed up at month 72. Cognitive tests included the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, Neuropsychological Test Battery in memory, executive function and psychomotor speed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were carried out in a subset at baseline, month 27 and month 45. Fasting serum at baseline, month 9, month 27 and month 72 were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter A1‐mediated CEC of HDL and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1).ResultsSerum HDL cholesterol at baseline was associated with better executive and memory function at follow up. Serum ApoA1 was associated with a better memory Z‐score at month 18. Serum CEC and ApoA1 were not associated with Clinical Dementia Rating scale, Neuropsychological Test Battery, hippocampal volume and white matter disease on magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and whole brain atrophy rates. They were also not associated with cognitive function at month 27 and 72 on multilevel modeling. CEC and ApoA1 decreased significantly from baseline to month 27. Faster decliners in CEC had a greater increase in brain peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity.ConclusionsHigher serum HDL cholesterol was associated with more favorable changes in memory and executive function in older people with diabetes mellitus. However, this was not due to CEC or ApoA1. A decline in CEC was associated with small vessel disease in the brain.
Efficacy of platelet‐rich fibrin and connective tissue graft in papilla reconstruction
Authors: Ozcan Bulut Selcen , Ilhan Dilek , Karabulut Erdem , Caglayan Feriha , Keceli H. Gencay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate efficacy of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) in papilla reconstruction (PR) with the semilunar incision (SI) technique.Materials and MethodsThe analysis consisted of 55 sites (27 CTG and 28 PRF) from 20 patients who underwent PR with either PRF or CTG placed in the maxillary anterior region with SI technique. Baseline (BL) and follow‐up (T1, first month, T3, third month, T6, sixth month) clinical data including periodontal evaluations (gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival recession), papilla‐associated recordings (alveolar crest‐interdental contact point [AC‐IC], alveolar crest‐papilla tip [AC‐PT], papilla tip‐interdental contact point [PT‐IC], papilla height loss [PHL], interdental tissue stroke [ITS] and papilla presence index [PPI]) and patient satisfaction were analyzed.ResultsCTG provided better PR outcomes. GI, PI, and PD showed a slight increase at T1 and then, turned to their BL levels. The other periodontal parameters showed significant improvement after both treatment modalities. No inter‐group difference was found except for KTW, which was in favor of CTG.ConclusionBased on the results, CTG is recommended over PRF in PR treatment due to its superior outcomes with less recurrence risk.Clinical SignificanceConnective tissue graft provides superior results than platelet‐rich fibrin in papilla reconstruction with the semilunar incision technique.
Endoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by malignancy
Authors: Abu‐Sbeih Hamzah , Szafron David , Elkafrawy Ahmed A. , Garcia‐Rodriguez Victor , Ma Weijie , Xu Ann , Khurana Shruti , Numan Laith , Chen Ellie , Goldstein Ryan , Tsen Adrianne , Peng Yuanzun , Blum Mariela , Kopetz Edmund S , Ikoma Naruhiko , Shatila Malek , Qiao Wei , Raju Gottumukkala S. , Ross William A , Ge Phillip S , Coronel Emmanuel , Wang Yinghong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding secondary to malignancy can be challenging. Endoscopy is the gold standard to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal bleeding but clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with malignancy‐related bleeding are not well understood. This study aims to look at clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, safety and clinical outcomes of endoscopic interventions for GI malignancy‐related bleeding.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed outcomes of patients with confirmed GI malignancies who underwent endoscopy for GI bleeding at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2010 and 2019. Cox hazard analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with survival.ResultsA total of 313 patients were included, with median age of 59 years; 74.8% were male. The stomach (30.0%) was the most common tumor location. Active bleeding was evident endoscopically in 47.3% of patients. Most patients (77.3%) did not receive endoscopic treatment. Of the patients who received endoscopic treatment, 57.7% had hemostasis. No endoscopy‐related adverse events were recorded. Endoscopic treatment was associated with hemostasis (P < 0.001), but not decreased recurrent bleeding or mortality. Absence of active bleeding on endoscopy, stable hemodynamic status at presentation, lower cancer stage, and surgical intervention were associated with improved survival.ConclusionsThis study indicates that endoscopy is a safe diagnostic tool in this patient population; while endoscopic treatments may help achieve hemostasis, it may not decrease the risk of recurrent bleeding or improve survival.
Glaucoma and cognitive function trajectories in a population‐based study: Findings from the health and retirement study
Authors: Kolli Ajay , Kabeto Mohammed , McCammon Ryan , Langa Kenneth M. , Ehrlich Joshua R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrior studies on the association of glaucoma and cognitive function have reported mixed results.MethodsThe Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative panel survey of Americans age ≥ 51 years. HRS‐linked Medicare claims data were used to identify incident glaucoma cases (by glaucoma type). Cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), administered in each wave (every 2 years). Separate linear mixed models were fitted with either prevalent or incident glaucoma as a predictor of TICS trajectories and adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, gender, and medical history. Negative model estimates indicate associations of glaucoma with worse cognitive function scores or steeper per‐year declines in cognitive function scores.ResultsAnalyses of prevalent glaucoma cases included 1344 cases and 5729 controls. Analyses of incident glaucoma included 886 cases and 4385 controls. In fully‐adjusted models, those with prevalent glaucoma had similar TICS scores to controls (β = 0.01; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −0.15, 0.18; p = 0.86). However, in those with incident glaucoma, we detected a statistically significant association between glaucoma and lower TICS scores (β = −0.29; 95% CI: −0.50, −0.08; p = 0.007). However, there was no statistically significant association between either prevalent or incident glaucoma and per‐year rates of change in TICS scores. When categorizing glaucoma by type (primary open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, or other glaucoma), no significant associations were detected between either prevalent or incident glaucoma and levels of or rates of change in TICS scores in fully covariate adjusted models.ConclusionThe observed associations between glaucoma and cognitive function were small and unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Compared to prior studies on this topic, this investigation provides robust evidence based on its larger sample size, longitudinal follow‐up, and repeated measures of cognitive function in a population‐based sample.
Engineering of triterpene metabolism and overexpression of the lignin biosynthesis gene PAL promotes ginsenoside Rg3 accumulation in ginseng plant chassis
Authors: Yao Lu , Zhang Huanyu , Liu Yirong , Ji Qiushuang , Xie Jing , Zhang Ru , Huang Luqi , Mei Kunrong , Wang Juan , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ginsenoside Rg3 found in Panax species has extensive pharmacological properties, in particular anti‐cancer effects. However, its natural yield in Panax plants is limited. Here, we report a multi‐modular strategy to improve yields of Rg3 in a Panax ginseng chassis, combining engineering of triterpene metabolism and overexpression of a lignin biosynthesis gene, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). We first performed semi‐rational design and site mutagenesis to improve the enzymatic efficiency of Pq3‐O‐UGT2, a glycosyltransferase that directly catalyzes the biosynthesis of Rg3 from Rh2. Next, we used clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing to knock down the branch pathway of protopanaxatriol‐type ginsenoside biosynthesis to enhance the metabolic flux of the protopanaxadiol‐type ginsenoside Rg3. Overexpression of PAL accelerated the formation of the xylem structure, significantly improving ginsenoside Rg3 accumulation (to 6.19‐fold higher than in the control). We combined overexpression of the ginsenoside aglycon synthetic genes squalene epoxidase, Pq3‐O‐UGT2, and PAL with CRISPR/Cas9‐based knockdown of CYP716A53v2 to improve ginsenoside Rg3 accumulation. Finally, we produced ginsenoside Rg3 at a yield of 83.6 mg/L in a shake flask (7.0 mg/g dry weight, 21.12‐fold higher than with wild‐type cultures). The high‐production system established in this study could be a potential platform to produce the ginsenoside Rg3 commercially for pharmaceutical use.