bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional characteristics of hot days and tropical nights in the Honam area, South Korea
Authors: Park Tae‐Won , Lee Chan‐Gi , Chang Minhee , Park Doo‐Sun R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study analyses the regional characteristics of heat extremes (hot days and tropical nights) in the Honam area of South Korea during the recent 23 years (1997–2019) by using weather station data. The results based on the binary classifications of stations, that is, inland versus coastal and urban versus rural, show hot days in inland regions are climatologically more frequent, and present higher interannual variability and more evident increasing trend than coastal regions. On the other hand, inland regions are exposed to less active tropical nights. The thermal characteristics associated with the oceanic (or continental) climate at which the station is located are responsible for the inland–coastal dependency of frequencies in hot days and tropical nights. The noticeable discrimination between urban and rural stations, categorized by population, appears only in tropical night occurrences, while hot days are independent of urban–rural contrast. In urban stations, tropical night occurrences are climatologically higher, interannually more active, and recently more frequent. Regarding the urban heat island, the additional nocturnal heat leads to the urban concentrated activity of tropical nights. Our analyses suggest that for accurate forecasts of hot days and tropical nights, different regional environments must be considered.
Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and anticonvulsant activity of a deuterated analog of the α2/3‐selective GABAkine KRM‐II‐81
Authors: Golani Lalit K. , Divović Branka , Sharmin Dishary , Pandey Kamal P. , Mian Md Yeunus , Cerne Rok , Zahn Nicolas M. , Meyer Michelle J. , Tiruveedhula Veera V. N. P. B. , Smith Jodi L. , Ping Xingjie , Jin Xiaoming , Lippa Arnold , Schkeryantz Jeffrey M. , Arnold Leggy A. , Cook James M. , Savić Miroslav M. , Witkin Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe imidazodiazepine, (5‐(8‐ethynyl‐6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4H‐benzo [f]imidazole[1,5‐α][1,4]diazepin‐3‐yl) oxazole or KRM‐II‐81) is a new α2/3‐selective GABAkine (gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor potentiator) with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and antinociceptive activity in preclinical models. Reducing metabolism was utilized as a means of potentially extending the half‐life of KRM‐II‐81. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate metabolic liabilities. Incubation of KRM‐II‐81 in hepatocytes revealed sites of potential metabolism on the oxazole and the diazepine rings. These sites were targeted in the design of a deuterated analog (D5‐KRM‐II‐81) that could be evaluated as a potentially longer‐acting analog. In contrast to computer predictions, peak plasma concentrations of D5‐KRM‐II‐81 in rats were not significantly greater than those produced by KRM‐II‐81 after oral administration. Furthermore, brain disposition of KRM‐II‐81 was higher than that of D5‐KRM‐II‐81. The half‐life of the two compounds in either plasma or brain did not statistically differ from one another but the tmax for D5‐KRM‐II‐81 occurred slightly earlier than for KRM‐II‐81. Non‐metabolic considerations might be relevant to the lack of increases in exposure by D5‐KRM‐II‐81. Alternative sites of metabolism on KRM‐II‐81, not targeted by the current deuteration process, are also possible. Despite its lack of augmented exposure, D5‐KRM‐II‐81, like KRM‐II‐81, significantly prevented seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol when given orally. The present findings introduce a new orally active anticonvulsant GABAkine, D5‐KRM‐II‐81.
Physicochemical characterization and functional properties of flours from North‐western Argentina bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars
Authors: Nagai Nadia F. , Argel Natalia S. , Andrés Silvina C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBeans are widely consumed throughout the world, usually as whole seeds. However, its use as flour is not widely used and they could be potential ingredients for developing new products due to their nutritional, physicochemical, and techno‐functional properties. In this sense, these properties of flours obtained from different agronomic‐improved North‐western Argentina (NOA) bean cultivars were studied.FindingsAll of the bean flours were rich in total dietary fiber and proteins, and also contained phytosterols (β‐sitosterol > stigmasterol > campesterol) and γ‐tocopherol. Flours obtained from colored cultivars showed higher pigments and total phenolic contents and had higher antioxidant activities. In flours, water and oil absorption capacities were correlated to flours' total dietary fiber contents, and adequate emulsion activities and stabilities were observed, positively correlated with their protein contents. Flour starch granules showed smooth surfaces without cracks or fissures, spherical and oval shapes, and heterogeneous sizes. However, no differences were found in starch gelatinization among flours by differential scanning calorimetry and similar Fourier transform infrared spectra or X‐ray diffraction patterns were observed.ConclusionsBean flours are potential ingredients for developing new value‐added products based on their nutritional, physicochemical and functional characteristics. Moreover, even though flours were obtained from different agronomic‐improved NOA bean cultivars, their physicochemical and functional properties were similar, making them potentially food ingredients with functionality.Significance and NoveltyAll information regarding the analyzed properties in this study shows the nutritional and techno‐functional advantages to popularize the use of bean flours in new food products.
Reconstruction of lingual sulcus in a severely atrophic mandible using a modified approach as a pre‐prosthetic surgery: Case series
Authors: Mohseni Salehi Monfared Seyed Hossein , Shirani Gholamreza , Moslemi Neda , Noori Faranak , Raee Amir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShallow lingual vestibule and lack of keratinized attached mucosa are considered risk factors for the long‐term success of dental implants. This article describes a modified surgical approach accompanied by a free gingival graft to correct the shallow lingual/buccal vestibule and to increase the keratinized tissue around dental implants.
Tandem Fe/Zn or Fe/In Catalysis for the Selective Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Amines via Selective Reduction of Primary Amides
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Darcel Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTandem iron/zinc or iron/indium‐catalysed reductions of various primary amides to amines under hydrosilylation conditions are reported under visible light activation. By a simple modification of the nature of the co‐catalyst (Zn(OTf)2 vs In(OTf)3), Fe(CO)4(IMes) can promote the highly chemoselective reduction of primary amides into primary amines (21 examples, up to 93 % isolated yields) and secondary amines (8 examples, up to 51 % isolated yields), respectively. Notably, both benzamide and alkanamide derivatives can be reduced.
Structure Engineering of BiSbSx Nanocrystals Embedded within Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Fibers for High Performance of Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xinye , Liu Yanru , Lin Chuyuan , Wang Yiyi , Lei Zewei , Xiong Peixun , Luo Yongjin , Chen Qinghua , Zeng Lingxing , Wei Mingdeng , Qian Qingrong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are regarded as promising candidates in next‐generation energy storage technology; however, the electrode materials in PIBs are usually restricted by the shortcomings of large volume expansion and poor cycling stability stemming from a high resistance towards diffusion and insertion of large‐sized K ions. In this study, BiSbSx nanocrystals are rationally integrated with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) fibres through electrospinning technology with an annealing process. Such a unique structure, in which BiSbSx nanocrystals are embedded inside the SPAN fibre, affords multiple binding sites and a short diffusion length for K+ to realize fast kinetics. In addition, the molecular structure of SPAN features robust chemical interactions for stationary diffluent discharge products. Thus, the electrode demonstrates a superior potassium storage performance with an excellent reversible capacity of 790 mAh g−1 (at 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles) and 472 mAh g−1 (at 1 A g−1 after 2000 cycles). It's one of the best performances for metal dichalcogenides anodes for PIBs to date. The unusual performance of the BiSbSx@SPAN composite is attributed to the synergistic effects of the judicious nanostructure engineering of BiSbSx nanocrystals as well as the chemical interaction and confinement of SPAN fibers.
Validation of NRG Oncology's prognostic nomograms for oropharyngeal cancer in the Veterans Affairs database
Authors: Nelson Tyler J. , Thompson Caroline A. , Zou Jingjing , Kumar Abhishek , Sangchan Prangrawee , Williamson Casey W. , Vitzthum Lucas K. , Sharabi Andrew B. , Murphy James D. , Fakhry Carole A. , Mell Loren K. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTo test whether nomograms developed by NRG Oncology for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients could be validated in an independent population‐based sample.MethodsThe authors tested nomograms for estimating progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients from the Veterans Health Administration with previously untreated locoregionally advanced OPSCC, diagnosed between 2008 and 2017, managed with definitive radiotherapy with or without adjuvant systemic therapy. Covariates were age, performance status, p16 status, T/N category, smoking history, education history, weight loss, marital status, and anemia. We used multiple imputation to handle missing data and performed sensitivity analyses on complete cases. Validation was assessed via Cox proportional hazards models, log‐rank tests, and c‐indexes.ResultsA total of 4007 patients met inclusion criteria (658 patients had complete data). Median follow‐up time was 3.20 years, with 967 progression events and 471 noncancer deaths. Each risk score was associated with poorer outcomes per unit increase (PFS score, hazard ratio [HR], 1.42 [1.37‐1.47]; OS score, HR, 1.40 [1.34‐1.45]). By risk score quartile, 2‐year PFS estimates were 89.2%, 78.5%, 65.8%, and 48.3%; OS estimates were 92.6%, 83.6%, 73.9%, and 51.3%, respectively (P < .01 for all comparisons). C‐indices for models of PFS and OS were 0.65 and 0.67, for all patients, respectively (0.69 and 0.73 for complete cases). The nomograms slightly overestimated PFS and OS in the overall cohort but exhibited high agreement in complete cases.ConclusionsNRG nomograms were effective for predicting PFS and OS for patients with OPSCC, supporting their broader applicability in the OPSCC population undergoing definitive radiotherapy.
Singlet Oxygen Generation in Peripherally Modified Platinum and Palladium Porphyrins: Effect of Triplet Excited State Lifetimes andmeso‐Substituents on1O2Quantum Yields
Authors: Subedi Dili R. , Reid Ryan , D'Souza Patrick F. , Nesterov Vladimir N. , D'Souza Francis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series ofmeso‐substituted with aromatic (=tolyl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, naphthyl, and triphenylamine) substituents, platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) porphyrins have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies to probe structure‐reactivity aspects on the electrochemical redox potentials, and phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. In the X‐ray structures, the aromaticmeso‐substituents were rotated to some extent from the planarity of the porphyrin ring to minimize steric hindrance. Both Pt and Pd porphyrins revealed higher electrochemical redox gaps as compared to their free‐base porphyrin analogs as a result of the harder oxidation and reduction processes. The ability of both Pt and Pd porphyrins to generate singlet oxygen was probed by monitoring the photoluminescence of1O2at 1270 nm. Higher quantum yields for both triplet sensitizers compared to their free‐base analogs were witnessed. Singlet oxygen quantum yields close to unity were possible to achieve in the case of Pt and Pd porphyrins bearing triphenylamine substituents at themeso‐position. The present study brings out the importance of differentmeso‐substituents on the triplet porphyrin sensitizers in governing singlet oxygen quantum yields; a key property of photosensitizers needed for photodynamic therapy, chemical synthesis, and other pertinent applications.
CREST, a Cas13‐Based, Rugged, Equitable, Scalable Testing (CREST) for SARS‐CoV‐2 Detection in Patient Samples
Authors: Aralis Zach , Rauch Jennifer N. , Audouard Morgane , Valois Eric , Lach Ryan S. , Solley Sabrina , Baxter Naomi J. , Kosik Kenneth S. , Wilson Maxwell Z. , Acosta‐Alvear Diego , Arias Carolina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has taken a devastating human toll worldwide. The development of impactful guidelines and measures for controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic requires continuous and widespread testing of suspected cases and their contacts through accurate, accessible, and reliable methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. Here we describe a CRISPR‐Cas13‐based method for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2. The assay is called CREST (Cas13‐based, rugged, equitable, scalable testing), and is specific, sensitive, and highly accessible. As such, CREST may provide a low‐cost and dependable alternative for SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Cas13‐ased detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 genetic material using a real‐time PCR detection systemAlternate Protocol: Cas13‐based detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 genetic material using a fluorescence viewerSupport Protocol 1: LwaCas13a purificationSupport Protocol 2: In vitro transcription of synthetic targets
Caribbean orality as a method for teacher involvement in curriculum making in Jamaica
Authors: Roofe Carmel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmidst views by teachers that they are not involved in decisions about curriculum making, Caribbean orality provides a way of knowing and transmitting knowledge reflective of the dynamics of the local context and the meanings people make of the spoken word. Caribbean orality provides the opportunity to understand how teachers make sense of deliberations during periods of curriculum making through the language they utter. Additionally, it provides the means for understanding how teachers interpret actions based on the spoken word in order to be involved (gain a seat at the table or gain access). This paper presents arguments that explore Caribbean orality as a method for improving teacher involvement in curriculum making in Jamaica. Using data collected from a study of eight teachers to advance arguments, the author proposes a framework for effective teacher involvement in curriculum making in Jamaica. The proposed framework is hinged on identifying and harnessing the situational expertise of teachers, understanding and valuing situational orality within schools, and stakeholders in the curriculum making process utilizing Caribbean orality as a method for reflection.
Automated semantic relevance as an indicator of cognitive decline: Out‐of‐sample validation on a large‐scale longitudinal dataset
Authors: Stegmann Gabriela , Hahn Shira , Bhandari Samarth , Kawabata Kan , Shefner Jeremy , Duncan Cayla Jessica , Liss Julie , Berisha Visar , Mueller Kimberly 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe developed and evaluated an automatically extracted measure of cognition (semantic relevance) using automated and manual transcripts of audio recordings from healthy and cognitively impaired participants describing the Cookie Theft picture from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. We describe the rationale and metric validation. We developed the measure on one dataset and evaluated it on a large database (>2000 samples) by comparing accuracy against a manually calculated metric and evaluating its clinical relevance. The fully automated measure was accurate (r = .84), had moderate to good reliability (intra‐class correlation = .73), correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination and improved the fit in the context of other automatic language features (r = .65), and longitudinally declined with age and level of cognitive impairment. This study demonstrates the use of a rigorous analytical and clinical framework for validating automatic measures of speech, and applied it to a measure that is accurate and clinically relevant.
Genetic individual identification from dried urine spots: A complementary tool to drug monitoring and anti‐doping testing
Authors: Grignani Pierangela , Manfredi Alessandro , Monti Maria Cristina , Moretti Matteo , Morini Luca , Visonà Silvia Damiana , Fattorini Paolo , Previderè Carlo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe collection of liquid biological matrices onto paper cards (dried matrix spots [DMS]) is becoming an alternative sampling strategy. The stability over time of molecules of interest for therapeutic, sport drug monitoring, and forensic toxicology on DMS has been recently investigated representing a reliable alternative to conventional analytical techniques. When a tampering of a urine sample in drug monitoring or doping control cases is suspected, it could be relevant to know whether genetic profiles useful for individual identification could be generated from urine samples spotted onto paper (dried urine spot [DUS]). To understand the influence of sex, storage conditions, and time on the quality and quantity of the DNA, five female and ten male urine samples were dispensed onto Whatman 903 paper and sampled after different storage conditions over time, from 1 to 12 weeks. Direct PCR was performed starting from 2‐mm punches collected from each spot amplifying a panel of markers useful for individual identification. The female DUS stored in different conditions produced genetic profiles fully matching the reference samples. The same result was obtained for the male DUS but using urine 30X concentrated by centrifugation instead of the original samples. Our data show that this approach is valid for genetic individual identification of urine samples spotted onto paper cards up to 12 weeks after deposition and could be easily incorporated in anti‐doping or drug screening protocols to help on the suspicion of evidence tampering or to solve questions on the reliability of samples collection.
Interspecific trait variability and local soil conditions modulate grassland model community responses to climate
Authors: Alongi Franklin , Rüthers Jana H. , Giejsztowt Justyna , LaPaglia Katrina , Jentsch Anke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMedium‐to‐high elevation grasslands provide critical services in agriculture and ecosystem stabilization, through high biodiversity and providing food for wildlife. However, these ecosystems face elevated risks of disruption due to predicted soil and climate changes. Separating the effects of soil and climate, however, is difficult in situ, with previous experiments focusing largely on monocultures instead of natural grassland communities. We experimentally exposed model grassland communities, comprised of three species grown on either local or reference soil, to varied climatic environments along an elevational gradient in the European Alps, measuring the effects on species and community traits. Although species‐specific biomass varied across soil and climate, species' proportional contributions to community‐level biomass production remained consistent. Where species experienced low survivorship, species‐level biomass production was maintained through increased productivity of surviving individuals; however, maximum species‐level biomass was obtained under high survivorship. Species responded directionally to climatic variation, spatially separating differentially by plant traits (including height, reproduction, biomass, survival, leaf dry weight, and leaf area) consistently across all climates. Local soil variation drove stochastic trait responses across all species, with high levels of interactions occurring between site and species. This soil variability obscured climate‐driven responses: we recorded no directional trait responses for soil‐corrected traits like observed for climate‐corrected traits. Our species‐based approach contributes to our understanding of grassland community stabilization and suggests that these communities show some stability under climatic variation.
Development of receptor cell model with oscillation frequency‐dependent on sensor input intensity
Authors: Morishita Katsuyuki , Kato Shinya , Takei Yuki , Saito Ken 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper developed a receptor cell model that mimics the receptor cells’ function of living organisms. The receptor cell model converts the signal input of the sensor into an oscillating pulse waveform. The oscillation frequency of the receptor cell model varies according to the sensory input intensity. First, the authors construct the receptor cell model by discrete circuit. The circuit was described using circuit simulation and compared with the experimental result. Also, we measure the frequency characteristics utilizing a pressure sensor and an optical sensor. The result shows that the receptor cell model could vary from 300 to 600 Hz according to the sensory input intensity. Second, the authors propose the receptor cell model by the integrated circuit. Experimental results showed that the receptor cell model's oscillation frequency changed from 370 to 890 Hz. As a result, the proposal receptor cell model could output the oscillating pulse waveform dependent on sensor input intensity.
Insulin resistance parameters in children born very preterm and adequate for gestational age
Authors: García Hernán , Loureiro Carolina , Poggi Helena , D'Apremont Ivonne , Moore Rosario , Ossa José Tomás , Bruera María José , Peredo Soledad , Carvajal Jacqueline , Trincado Claudia , Martínez‐Aguayo Alejandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreterm neonates are at risk for metabolic syndrome later in life. Whether prematurity constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome remains controversial.ObjectiveTo compare anthropometric measures, cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin resistance variables between children who were born very preterm (VPT, <32 gestational weeks) and at term (Term, >37 gestational weeks) and adequate for gestational age (AGA).MethodsWe designed a cross‐sectional cohort study, recruiting 120 children (5.0–8.5 years old) from the preterm clinic at Red de Salud UC‐Christus and Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, and term children from the community. We excluded children born small for gestational age, based on INTERGROWTH21. Anthropometrics data were classified using WHO reference standards. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), triglyceride‐to‐HDL‐C ratio (TG/HDL‐C) and Pediatric Score Index for Metabolic Syndrome (PsiMS) were calculated.ResultsVPT children born AGA had lower HDL cholesterol levels (p = .019) and a higher PsiMS score than those born at term (p = .043). We observed a higher percentage of children with HDL cholesterol ≤40 mg/dl (13.0% vs. 2.3%, p = .026) and BP ≥90th percentile among the VPT children than among the Term children (26.0% vs. 11.6%, p = .031).ConclusionsAt school age, blood pressure was higher, and HDL‐C was lower among VPT children born AGA, suggesting a potential metabolic risk; therefore, it is essential to follow this group throughout their lives.