bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of acquisition time and misregistration with CT on data-driven gated PET
Authors: Thomas M Allan , Meier Joseph G , Mawlawi Osama R , Sun Peng , Pan Tinsu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Data-driven gating (DDG) can address patient motion issues and enhance PET quantification but suffers from increased image noise from utilization of <100% of PET data. Misregistration between DDG-PET and CT may also occur, altering the potential benefits of gating. Here, the effects of PET acquisition time and CT misregistration were assessed with a combined DDG-PET/DDG-CT technique. Approach. In the primary PET bed with lesions of interest and likely respiratory motion effects, PET acquisition time was extended to 12 min and a low-dose cine CT was acquired to enable DDG-CT. Retrospective reconstructions were created for both non-gated (NG) and DDG-PET using 30 s to 12 min of PET data. Both the standard helical CT and DDG-CT were used for attenuation correction of DDG-PET data. SUVmax, SUVpeak, and CNR were compared for 45 lesions in the liver and lung from 27 cases. Main results. For both NG-PET (p = 0.0041) and DDG-PET (p = 0.0028), only the 30 s acquisition time showed clear SUVmax bias relative to the 3 min clinical standard. SUVpeak showed no bias at any change in acquisition time. DDG-PET alone increased SUVmax by 15 ± 20% (p < 0.0001), then was increased further by an additional 15 ± 29% (p = 0.0007) with DDG-PET/CT. Both 3 min and 6 min DDG-PET had lesion CNR statistically equivalent to 3 min NG-PET, but then increased at 12 min by 28 ± 48% (p = 0.0022). DDG-PET/CT at 6 min had comparable counts to 3 min NG-PET, but significantly increased CNR by 39 ± 46% (p < 0.0001). Significance. 50% counts DDG-PET did not lead to inaccurate or biased SUV—increased SUV resulted from gating. Improved registration from DDG-CT was equally as important as motion correction with DDG-PET for increasing SUV in DDG-PET/CT. Lesion detectability could be significantly improved when DDG-PET used equivalent counts to NG-PET, but only when combined with DDG-CT in DDG-PET/CT.
Foundations of plasma catalysis for environmental applications
Authors: Bogaerts Annemie , Neyts Erik C , Guaitella Olivier , Murphy Anthony B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various applications, but the underlying mechanisms are still far from understood. Hence, more fundamental research is needed to understand these mechanisms. This can be obtained by both modelling and experiments. This foundations paper describes the fundamental insights in plasma catalysis, as well as efforts to gain more insights by modelling and experiments. Furthermore, it discusses the state-of-the-art of the major plasma catalysis applications, as well as successes and challenges of technology transfer of these applications.
Searches for light dark matter using condensed matter systems
Authors: Kahn Yonatan , Lin Tongyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Identifying the nature of dark matter (DM) has long been a pressing question for particle physics. In the face of ever-more-powerful exclusions and null results from large-exposure searches for TeV-scale DM interacting with nuclei, a significant amount of attention has shifted to lighter (sub-GeV) DM candidates. Direct detection of the light DM in our galaxy by observing DM scattering off a target system requires new approaches compared to prior searches. Lighter DM particles have less available kinetic energy, and achieving a kinematic match between DM and the target mandates the proper treatment of collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as charged quasiparticles or phonons. In this context, the condensed matter physics of the target material is crucial, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach. In this review, we provide a self-contained introduction to direct detection of keV–GeV DM with condensed matter systems. We give a brief survey of DM models and basics of condensed matter, while the bulk of the review deals with the theoretical treatment of DM-nucleon and DM-electron interactions. We also review recent experimental developments in detector technology, and conclude with an outlook for the field of sub-GeV DM detection over the next decade.
A fast approach to measuring the thickness uniformity of a homoepilayer grown on to any type of silicon wafer
Authors: Myronov Maksym , Colston Gerard , Davies Jack , Michael Laura 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Optical reflection spectroscopy techniques offer a non-destructive and fast method of measuring the thickness of silicon (Si) epilayers, enabling very fast thickness uniformity mapping across the full surface of epiwafers up to 450 mm in diameter. However, their use for undoped or low doped epilayers has traditionally been constrained by a dependence on high levels of substitutional doping in the Si wafer, at values of approximately 5 × 1019 cm−3. Whilst the high dopant concentration of this wafer creates the necessary reflectance boundary for optical reflection, their commercial availability is mainly limited to the (001) surface orientation only. Optical reflectance techniques are therefore also limited in use to this orientation. In this article, an approach to measure the thickness of a Si epilayer on any Si wafer, independent of its crystallographic orientation, doping type and value, using Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy is proposed and demonstrated. Because the use of non-destructive optical reflection spectroscopy is already common and well-understood within both industry and academia, this technique could easily be implemented within existing industrial and research fabrication facilities. Furthermore, this approach could be adapted, with further work, to suit other semiconductor materials and other optical reflection techniques.
An optical elevator for precise delivery of cold atoms using an acousto-optical deflector
Authors: Ferri Francesco , La Rooij Arthur , Lebouteiller Claire , Bourdel Pierre-Antoine , Baghdad Mohamed , Schwartz Sylvain , Garcia Sébastien , Reichel Jakob , Long Romain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We implement a simple method for fast and precise delivery of ultracold atoms to a microscopic device, i.e. a Fabry–Perot microcavity. By moving a single beam optical dipole trap in a direction perpendicular to the beam axis with an acousto-optical deflector, we transport up to 1 million atoms within 100 ms over 1 cm. Under these conditions, a transport efficiency above 95% is achieved with only minimal heating. The atomic cloud is accurately positioned within the microcavity and transferred into an intra-cavity optical lattice. With the addition of a secondary guiding beam, we show how residual sloshing motion along the shallow axis of the trap can be minimized.
Percolation behaviors of finite components on complex networks
Authors: Wang Fan , Dong Gaogao , Tian Lixin , Stanley H Eugene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Percolation behavior is of wide applicability and provides insight into functional structure of complex networks. Different from the percolation behaviors of giant component (GC), the finite components make one more clearly explore network percolation behaviors and critical phenomena from a microscopic perspective, especially for large-scale network systems. Here we focus on the percolation behaviors of small component π

s
with the size s = 1, 2, 3, … under different failure scenarios such as random attack, localized attack, target attack and intentional attack with limited knowledge. We find theoretically and via simulation that finite components all show the peak shape which is different from GC for random networks including random regular network, Erdős–R

e

´

nyi networks and scale-free networks. In particular, we find a new general scaling relationship between

1

s

and

1

p

max

, p
max represents the value of p (non-failure fraction of initial nodes) corresponding to the peak point of π

s
in the network. This finding also provides a potential approach for determining the critical threshold and fill the gap between finite components and GC on the percolation process.
Universal topological quantum computation with strongly correlated Majorana edge modes
Authors: Zhan Ye-Min , Chen Yu-Ge , Chen Bin , Wang Ziqiang , Yu Yue , Luo Xi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Majorana-based quantum gates are not complete for performing universal topological quantum computation while Fibonacci-based gates are difficult to be realized electronically and hardly coincide with the conventional quantum circuit models. In reference Hu and Kane (2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 066801), it has been shown that a strongly correlated Majorana edge mode in a chiral topological superconductor can be decomposed into a Fibonacci anyon τ and a thermal operator anyon ɛ in the tricritical Ising model. The deconfinement of τ and ɛ via the interaction between the fermion modes yields the anyon collisions and gives the braiding of either τ or ɛ. With these braidings, the complete members of a set of universal gates, the Pauli gates, the Hadamard gate and extra phase gates for one-qubit as well as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate for two-qubits, are topologically assembled. Encoding quantum information and reading out the computation results can be carried out through electric signals. With the sparse-dense mixed encodings, we set up the quantum circuit where the CNOT gate turns out to be a probabilistic gate and design the corresponding devices with thin films of the chiral topological superconductor. As an example of the universal topological quantum computing, we show the application to Shor’s integer factorization algorithm.
Including relativistic and primordial non-Gaussianity contributions in cosmological simulations by modifying the initial conditions
Authors: Enríquez Miguel , Hidalgo Juan Carlos , Valenzuela Octavio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a method to implement relativistic corrections
to the evolution of dark matter structures in Newtonian simulations
of a ΛCDM universe via the initial conditions. We take the
nonlinear correspondence between the Lagrangian (Newtonian)
evolution of dark matter inhomogeneities and the
synchronous-comoving (relativistic) matter density description, and
use it to promote the relativistic constraint as the initial
condition for numerical simulations of structure formation. In this
case, the incorporation of Primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG)
contributions as initial conditions is straightforward. We implement
the relativistic, f
NL and g
NL contributions as
initial conditions for the L-PICOLA code, and compute the power
spectrum and bispectrum of the evolved matter field. We focus
specifically on the case of largest values of non-Gaussianity
allowed at 1-σ by Planck observations (f
NL = −4.2
and g
NL = −7000). As a checkup, we show consistency with
the one-loop perturbative prescription and with a fully relativistic
simulation (GRAMSES) on the adequate scales. Our results
confirm that both relativistic and PNG features are most prominent
at very large scales and for squeezed triangulations. We discuss
future prospects to probe these two contributions in the bispectrum
of the matter density distribution.
Non-spherical dark matter structures detection
Authors: Loizeau Nicolas , Farrar Glennys R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A rotation curve inequality that holds for spherically symmetric mass distributions is derived, and tested against the SPARC galaxy rotation curves dataset. We identify several Galaxies, e.g. NGC7793 and UGC11557, which are candidates for hosting non-spherical dark matter structures that could be detected by more precise measurements.
Spectroscopic properties and laser emission of Yb0.05Y0.20La0.12Gd0.63Ca4O(BO3)3 mixed oxyborate crystal
Authors: Han Wenjuan , Dong Liang , Zhou Youshi , Zhang Yuxia , Xu Honghao , Liu Junhai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polarized absorption and emission cross-sections at 850–1100 nm are determined for an Yb-doped La-containing mixed oxyborate crystal of Yb0.05Y0.20La0.12Gd0.63Ca4O(BO3)3. The strongest absorption occurs at 976.8 nm for E//Y, with a cross-section of 1.83 × 10−20 cm2; for the main emission band the dominant polarization proves to be E//Z, for which the maximum cross-section amounts to 0.31 × 10−20 cm2 at 1025.8 nm. Efficient laser emission was generated with X- and Z-cut crystals in a compact plane-parallel resonator; 8.06 W of output power was obtained at 1056–1067 nm in the edge of the main emission band with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 70%; while for laser emission in the long-wavelength sideband, the output power attainable reached 9.19 W at 1080–1081 nm, the optical-to-optical and slope efficiencies being, respectively, 69% and 75%.
Effect of nucleotides and turmeric extract on blood protein and body weight of broiler kept in open cages
Authors: Tugiyanti E , Susanti E , Ismoyowati I , Rosidi R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Indonesia’s wet tropical climate is a condition that does not support the development chickens. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of nucleotides and turmeric extract in basal feed on broilers’ blood protein and body weight. Data was collected using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 7 treatments that comprised of negative and positive control. Meanwhile, the negative aspects include basal feed + plus Zink Bactitracin 0.1 g, while the positive control consists of N0K1, N1K0, N1K1, N2K0, and N2K1. The results showed that nucleotide supplementation and turmeric extract in the feed had no significant effect on blood PCV, TPP, albumin levels, and broiler body weights. Furthermore, blood protein increases due to the high levels of nucleotides and turmeric extract. The 5 g of nucleotide supplementation and turmeric extract produce the same broilers blood protein and body weight.
The effects of rumen digesta supplementation enriched with different feedstuffs on feed quality and cattle performances
Authors: Hermawan A , Ambarsari I , Kurnianto H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rumen digesta disposal from slaughterhouses is a significant problem due to causes environmental pollution. However, it is valuable waste that is potent to use as a supplement on animal diet considering its rich in nutrients. Moreover, additional natural substances on rumen digesta improved feed efficiency. Thus, this research aimed to evince the effectiveness of rumen digesta supplementation enriched with natural sources for enhancing the quality of animal diet and cattle performance. The study was conducted on a cattle farm of Ngablak, Magelang Regency. Four formulations of rumen digesta were fed to five male cattle (Holstein-Friesian crossbred) in a completely randomized experimental design, namely: (1) RCS: rumen digesta enriched with cassava leaves, (2) RKD: rumen digesta enriched with moringa leaves and soybean powder, (3) RKC: rumen digesta enriched with moringa leaves and cassava chips, (4) RKS: rumen digesta enriched with moringa leaves and milk. The rumen digesta were processed through anaerobic fermentation for 21 days, then mixed with other feedstuff components, including rice straws, grasses, rice bran, molasses, table salts, and commercial mineral. The utilization of RKS rumen digesta resulted in the best nutritional value of feed indicated by high crude protein (10.24% DM), lipid (3.37% DM), and crude fiber (28.5% DM). Moreover, feeding cattle with the RKS diet significantly gained the cattle body weight up to 1.24 kg/day.
An assessment of mass production and nutrient composition of Black Soldier Fly Maggot on different agriculture by-product to fermented growth media
Authors: Mirwandhono R E , Sepriadi S , Wahyuni T H , Lestari A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot is an eco-friendly alternative for animal feedstuff and its growth and development is impacted by a substrate nutrient. Therefore, this study aims to determine the production and nutrient composition of BSF (Hermetia illucens) maggots using different fermented growth media from agriculture by-products. The study adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments include P0 = 100% Fermented Rice Bran, P1 = 50% each of Fermented Coconut by-product and Rice Bran, P2 = 50% each of Fermented Tofu by-product and Rice Bran, P3 = 50% each of Fermented Palm Kernel Meal and Rice Bran, P4 = 25% each of Fermented Rice Bran, Coconut by-product, Fermented Tofu by-product, and Palm Kernel Meal. The results showed a significant difference in BSF maggot production in each treatment because of the media nutrient content. Therefore, the quantity is influenced by the quality and amount of the maggot growing media. Also, the protein content and the production in the P4 treatment have the highest values of 19.26% and 831.50g, respectively.
Identification of Newcastle Disease case on Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) and Sentul Terseleksi (SenSi) chicken in Ungaran Research and Assessment Installation for Agricultural Technology
Authors: Hayati R N , Prasetianti D , Astuti F D , Subiharta S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Newcastle Disease (ND) is a common avian disease that attacks native chickens by causing respiratory problems, thereby leading to a high mortality rate of about 60% per year and economic losses in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ND in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) and Sentul Terseleksi (SenSi) chickens which was conducted from March to June 2021, on their cages at the Ungaran Research and Assessment Installation for Agricultural Technology. The total number of 20 serum KUB and SenSi chicken samples were collected, with 25% KUb A cages, 50% KUB B cages, and 25% SenSi cages. Each chicken’s serum was analyzed for inhibition of hemagglutination (HI) to determine antibody titers against ND. The average antibody titer is expressed as a log2 value. The HI test results indicated that the KUB A cage, KUB B cage, and SenSi cage all contained positive ND antibodies. In the KUB A, KUB B, and the SenSi cages, the average ND antibody titer are 2 log 2, 0.8 log 2, and 2 log 2 respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of ND antibodies is 100% in KUB and SenSi hens. The ND infection was not described in all chicken cages because the prior vaccine provided a limited level of protection.
Quality of semen frozen in medium containing glycerol with different levels: A study of Palu fat-tailed sheep raised in the tropics
Authors: Rusiyantono Y , Wumbu I , Rusdin R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Palu Fat-Tailed Sheep (Palu-FTS) is a native animal of Palu with high adaptability to tropical environment, but its population is limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the semen quality of Palu-FTS, which was frozen using different glycerol levels in a basic medium containing Ringer lactate, egg yolk tris citrate, fructose, and antibiotics. The activities were carried out in two stages, the first stage was to find the best medium for diluting semen using different egg concentrations. Meanwhile, in the second stage, the best medium was used as a diluent to freeze the samples along with successive addition of different glycerol concentrations, namely K1 3%, K2 6%, and K3 9%. Statistical analysis showed that the addition of egg yolks to 9% diluent medium had a significant difference compared to the other treatments of 3% and 6%. The mean percentage analysis of Palu-FTS spermatozoa motility before freezing also revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the control and the treatment groups, which indicates that adding 3%, 6%, and 9% egg yolks maintained the sperm motility. However, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between P1, P2, and P3 treatments, but P3 had the highest value of 83b± 0,236 compared to P2 and P1 with 82±0,562 and 79±0,416, respectively. The viability percentage analysis of sperm before the freezing showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between control and treatment P1, P2, and P3, but no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the 3 treatments of 84±0,514, 85±0,234, and 87±0,354, respectively. Statistical analysis of the sperm’s viability percentage also showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments, but no difference (P>0.05) between P2 and P3. Meanwhile, P2 had the highest motility rate, which indicates that the right concentration of glycerol was used as a cryoprotectant. Based on the results, the addition of glycerol as a cryoprotectant protected spermatozoa during the freezing process, consequently, the supply of superior Palu-FTS was maintained in the tropics.
Characteristics of body weight and measurement of Peranakan Ongole and Brahman cattle in the tropics
Authors: Bramastya T A , Sukaryo S , Dhiaurridho M I , Riyanto J , Volkandari S D , Sudrajad P , Cahyadi M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peranakan Ongole (PO) and Brahman are beef cattle breeds that are well-adapted to the tropics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth traits of PO and Brahman, therefore, a total of 70 cows raised in Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul-Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Sembawa were selected. Subsequently, body weight and length, withers and waist height, as well as chest girth were measured at birth, 105 and 205 days, 1, 1.5, and 2 years of age. Statistical analysis using an independent sample t-test was carried out to distinguish growth traits between PO and Brahman. The results revealed that they were significantly different (P<0.05). PO had a larger body size than Brahman, particularly in terms of the withers height at 105 days, 1 and 2 years, chest girth at a year, and waist height at 105 and 205 days, 1, 1.5, and 2 years. Conversely, Brahman showed better traits than PO in terms of body weight and withers height at birth, weaning and body weight at 2 years, and average daily gain (ADG) at 205 days, 1.5, and 2 years.
The effect of BCS, PPM, S/C and days open on the calving interval of dairy cows at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan
Authors: Mawarni Y I , Riyanto J , Pramono A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The calving interval is a key factor in the dairy industry that determines overall milk production and heavily influences management and the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of body condition score (BCS), post-partum mating (PPM), service per conception (S/C), and days open (DO) on calving interval (CI) for dairy cows at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan (UPBS). A total of 99 Friesian Holstein samples were used during their fourth lactation period. The reproduction traits were collected from the UPBS dataset. A linear regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect reproduction traits of CI. Furthermore, CI was used as the dependent variable (Y), while BCS, PPM, S/C, and DO were used as the independent (X). The result showed that BCS, PPM S/C, and DO significantly influenced CI (P<0.05). The regression equation obtained in Y = 244,243 – 13,710 X1 + 1,202 X2 + 12,563 X3 + 0,730 X4 + e with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 92,8%. It was concluded that BCS, PPM, S/C, and DO affected the CI of dairy cows at the PT. UPBS.