bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second-Order Modal Logic
Authors: Parisi Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe dissertation introduces new sequent-calculi for free first- and second-order logic, and a hyper-sequent calculus for modal logics K, D, T, B, S4, and S5; to attain the calculi for the stronger modal logics, only external structural rules need to be added to the calculus for K, while operational and internal structural rules remain the same. Completeness and cut-elimination are proved for all calculi presented.Philosophically, the dissertation develops an inferentialist, or proof-theoretic, theory of meaning. It takes as a starting point that the sense of a sentence is determined by the rules governing its use. In particular, there are two features of the use of a sentence that jointly determine its sense, the conditions under which it is coherent to assert that sentence and the conditions under which it is coherent to deny that sentence. The dissertation develops a theory of quantification as marking coherent ways a language can be expanded and modality as the means by which we can reflect on the norms governing the assertion and denial conditions of our language. If the view of quantification that is argued for is correct, then there is no tension between second-order quantification and nominalism. In particular, the ontological commitments one can incur through the use of a quantifier depend wholly on the ontological commitments one can incur through the use of atomic sentences. The dissertation concludes by applying the developed theory of meaning to the metaphysical issue of necessitism and contingentism. Two objections to a logic of contingentism are raised and addressed. The resulting logic is shown to meet all the requirement that the dissertation lays out for a theory of meaning for quantifiers and modal operators.Abstract prepared by Andrew ParisiE-mail: andrew.p.parisi@gmail.comURL: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/1480/
THE SENSE/REFERENCE DISTINCTION IN CONSTRUCTIVE SEMANTICS
Authors: MARTIN-LÖF PER 
Published: February 2022

Editorial NoteThis lecture was given by Per Martin-Löf at Leiden University on August 25, 2001 at the invitation by Göran Sundholm to address the topic mentioned in the title and to reflect on Dummett’s earlier effort of almost a decade before (published in this journal). The lecture was part of a three-day conference on Gottlob Frege. Sundholm arranged for the lecture to be recorded and commissioned Bjørn Jespersen to make a transcript. The information in footnote 1, which Sundholm provided, has been independently confirmed by Thomas Ricketts in an email to the author. The present version has been edited by Ansten Klev. Following the displayed text (Int-id) there is a lacuna in the original transcript corresponding to a pause in the recording when the tape was changed. The continuous text of the present version is the result of a few additions to the original transcript suggested by Klev and agreed to by the author.
Compositionality in N + N compounds in Jordanian Arabic and English
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article aims to examine to what extent English and Jordanian Arabic (JA) have the same classification of N + N compounds based on their degree of compositionality. It also attempts to propose a universally applicable classification of compositionality in N + N compounds. I suggest a modified version of the degree of compositionality based on previous classifications by Fernando (1996), Dirven and Verspoor (1998), and Kavka (2009). The new classification is based on the semantic contribution of the head and the non-head to the meaning of the whole compound. After I have applied the new scale to the JA data, I argue that English and JA have compounds that exhibit the four degrees of compositionality; namely completely compositional, semi-compositional, semi non-compositional and completely non-compositional. The article concludes with some recommendations for future research.
The Effect of Immersive Training on Emergency Preparedness for Interdisciplinary College Students: A Single Group Pretest, Posttest
Authors: White-Lewis Sharon , Berens Conner , Lighter Joseph S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:Current standard practice for disaster response training is insufficient to prepare future responders. Interdisciplinary immersive education is necessary for disaster responders to react quickly to the devastating destruction, dangerous situations, and ethical dilemmas, while caring for survivors, families, and communities with limited resources. This study tests the effects of immersive emergency preparedness education on interdisciplinary college students.Methods:Thirty-four college students attended a 3-day immersive disaster training event. Interdisciplinary teams were given 6 challenges to adapt and overcome: mass casualty; field hospital triage, treatment, and transportation; water rescue; high building rescue; search and rescue; and a water treatment. A pretest and posttest survey, Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire (EPIQ), was administered to all participants.Results:Statistically significant improvements in triage, biological agent detection, assessing critical resources, incident command, psychological issues, clinical decision making, and communication (range of P = 0.000–0.003). Improvement in clinical significance resulted in a change from limited knowledge to familiarity with the subject in all cases except isolation, quarantine, and decontamination.Conclusions:Preparation and training of health care professionals need to include immersive disaster scenarios that create the experience of fatigue, psychological challenges, and physical stresses.
Extrema of multi-dimensional Gaussian processes over random intervals
Authors: Ji Lanpeng , Peng Xiaofan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the joint tail asymptotics of extrema of the multi-dimensional Gaussian process over random intervals defined as
$P(u)\;:\!=\; \mathbb{P}\{\cap_{i=1}^n (\sup_{t\in[0,\mathcal{T}_i]} ( X_{i}(t) +c_i t )>a_i u )\}$
,
$u\rightarrow\infty$
, where
$X_i(t)$
,
$t\ge0$
,
$i=1,2,\ldots,n$
, are independent centered Gaussian processes with stationary increments,
$\boldsymbol{\mathcal{T}}=(\mathcal{T}_1, \ldots, \mathcal{T}_n)$
is a regularly varying random vector with positive components, which is independent of the Gaussian processes, and
$c_i\in \mathbb{R}$
,
$a_i>0$
,
$i=1,2,\ldots,n$
. Our result shows that the structure of the asymptotics of P(u) is determined by the signs of the drifts
$c_i$
. We also discuss a relevant multi-dimensional regenerative model and derive the corresponding ruin probability.
The prevalence, molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical mastitis cases on large dairy farms in China
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhang Limei , Gu Xiaolong , Liu Gang , Liu Yang , Chen Peng , Deng Zhaoju , Gao Jian , Han Bo , Qu Weijie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research communication aims to characterize the prevalence, molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical mastitis in China. A total of 140 Strep. agalactiae isolates were identified from 12 out of 201 farms in 6 provinces, overall herd prevalence was 18.6% and the MLST analysis showed clonal complexes (CC) 103 and CC 67 were present in these herds with CC 103 predominant, accounting for 97.9%. Isolates were mostly sensitive to the tested antimicrobials: penicillin, ceftiofur, amoxi/clav, cefquinome, and vancomycin (100%), followed by cefalexin (97.9%), oxacillin (96.4%), enrofloxacin (95.7%), erythromycin (89.3%), and clindamycin (88.6%). Only 19.3 and 0.7% of isolates were sensitive to tetracycline and daptomycin, respectively, and sequence type (ST) 103 was most resistant to antimicrobials. In conclusion, CC 103 was the predominant subgroup of bovine mastitis Strep. agalactiae in China, and most antimicrobials apart from tetracycline and daptomycin were effective.
Entanglements in the colony: Jewish–Muslim connected histories in colonial India
Authors: Khan Razak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines often ignored ‘minority entanglements’ forged between European Jewish and South Asian Muslim intellectuals in Germany and traces their evolution in colonial India. The article focuses on three individual life histories and situates them within the more extensive Jewish-Muslim intellectual dialogue that resonated in the inter-war period. It brings to light the lives and writings of Josef Horovitz (1874–1931), professor of Arabic at the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh, and a prolific contributor to the journal Islamic Culture published in Hyderabad; Leopold Weiss alias Muhammad Asad (1900–1992) in Islamia College, Lahore, who also served as the editor of Islamic Culture, Hyderabad; and educationist and reform pedagogue Gerda Philipsborn (1895–1943) at the Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi. The intellectual dialogue between minority communities, together with the contribution it made both to modern Islamic studies as a discipline and the forging of a new reform pedagogy, allow us to rethink the Jewish and Muslim question as well as the minority response to it through a comparative perspective. The minor history of European Jewish and South Asian Muslim entanglements makes for a rich testimony to the problems and possibilities of studying minorities as the makers of minor cosmopolitan knowledge.
Reading Conflict of the Faculties Politically: A More Creative Exposition of Kant's Argument
Authors: Kellner Alan J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJohn Zammito attacks Kant for bending over backwards to enlightened autocracy in Part Two of Conflict of the Faculties. Zammito calls for more creative exponents to explain how Kant's supposed advocacy of absolutism could possibly be “best.” This paper answers Zammito's request, explaining how Kant's view can be considered best by reading Kant's argument politically, in three senses of that term: the substance of Kant's argument is political in nature; its mode of argumentation should be read as politics-first, not ethics-first; and in light its publication history, Conflict's very publication should be viewed as a political act in its own right. Resituating the text and its argument shows Kant to be attacking absolutism, not defending it. As a subsidiary aim, the paper interprets the argument of Part Two of Conflict as exhibiting more internal unity than has previously been thought.
Torturous journeys: Cruelty, international law, and pushbacks and pullbacks over the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Barnes Jamal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoat pushbacks and pullbacks by Italy and the European Union (EU) have returned migrants and refugees to Libya where they have been subjected to brutal human rights violations, such as torture and ill-treatment. This article argues that these pushbacks and pullbacks not only undermine key human rights principles, but they are also an act of cruelty. As Italy and the EU have used the law to evade their international human rights and refugee obligations, the law has had distributive effects that have shaped migration pathways and exacerbated the vulnerability of migrants and refugees to torture. Not only have legal manoeuvres stripped migrants and refugees of their rights, enabling Italy and the EU to return people to inhumane detention centres in Libya, but they have also had the sinister side effect of excluding migrants and refugees from moral concern. As Italy and the EU have sought to evade legal responsibility, it has created indifference to the suffering of people on the move in Libya. This article sheds important light on the factors that lead to the torture of migrants and refugees on their migration journeys and offers new insights into the relationship between cruelty, migration policies, and indifference to human suffering.
Motion recognition using deep convolutional neural network for Kinect-based NAO teleoperation
Authors: Balmik Archana , Paikaray Arnab , Jha Mrityunjay , Nandy Anup 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe capabilities of teleoperated robots can be enhanced with the ability to recognise and reproduce human-like behaviour. The proposed framework presents motion recognition for a Kinect-based NAO teleoperation. It allows the NAO robot to recognise the human motions and act as a human motion imitator. A stable whole-body imitation is still a challenging issue because of the difficulty in dynamic balancing of centre of mass (CoM). In this paper, a novel adaptive balancing technique for NAO (ABTN) is proposed to control the whole body in single as well as double supporting phases. It targets dynamic balancing of the humanoid robot by solving forward kinematics and applying a weighted average of mass with the CoMs of individual links with respect to the previous joint frames, which provides us with the dynamic CoM of the whole body. Our novel approach uses this dynamic CoM and calculates joint angles using proposed pitch and roll control algorithm to keep the dynamic CoM inside the stable region. Additionally, the NAO robot is capable of recognising human motions using the proposed 7-layer one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). To solve the problem of variable length of time sequences, Zero padding is introduced with 1D-CNN. It attains a recognition accuracy of 95% as compared to the hidden Markov model and neural network. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed teleoperation framework is robust and serves as potential support for the development and application of teleoperated robots.
Peeking into the socio-historical background and current use of ‘me (no)likey’
Authors: Rodríguez–Abruñeiras Paula 
Published: February 2022

The verbto likehas fallen repeatedly under the gaze of scholars. One aspect which has stimulated vigorous discussion is its original use in impersonal constructions and its later change of argument structure along with the disappearance of impersonals from English. Nonetheless, evidence from current informal English shows thatlikeis now used in constructions which bear a close resemblance to the older impersonals, although always displaying alternative spelling variants, especiallylikey. This paper seeks to further our understanding of the verbto like, focusing specifically on these new constructions. To this end I will uselikeyas a generic label to refer to such new uses and constructions, regardless of variations in spelling (unless otherwise stated). Using data from theCorpus of Historical American EnglishandiWeb Corpus, the study will seek to answer the following research questions:RQ1.What are the morpho-syntactic features of the expression ‘me (no) likey’ in Present-Day English?RQ2.What is the origin of the sequence ‘me (no) likey’?RQ3.Where do phrasal patterns withlikeyfall on the continuum of idiomaticity (Michaelis, 2017)?
Accenting racism in labour migration
Authors: Ramjattan Vijay A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper concerns how speech accent accents or reinforces racism in the context of labour migration to the English-speaking Global North. It specifically outlines three functions of accent in racial capitalist systems that require the labour of migrants and their acceptance of their “linguistic deficiencies.” First, accent functions as a labour control mechanism that pushes racially minoritised migrants into low-paying work. Second, as evidenced by the language training of transnational call centre workers, accent also reinforces colonial relations between migrant workers and customers. Last, by acting as a credential that can be purchased for professional success, accent distracts from the institutional racism that truly hinders migrants’ employment opportunities. The piece concludes with some thoughts on how combatting racism in labour migration requires another type of accenting.
Translenguaje en la villa inmigrante: Creating our path to existence
Authors: Arango Obed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I reflect on how translanguaging in the immigrant community emerges as a form of social resistance that results in the creation of counter-spaces and counter-narratives. Likewise, I draw on the concepts of dialogical education of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire and the perspective of Critical Race Theory and on how the social and cultural capital of immigrant communities plays an important role in overcoming environments that are averse to their presence. I contend that it is from “not existing” in a social system that the immigrant community is capable of opening spaces to exist and to lead new generations to project new forms of social identity, which are reflected in new linguistic, poetic, artistic expressions and new ways of social organization. In developing this concept, I address the case of the people of the town of Marshall in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the RevArte collaborative of which I am founder and director.
Marked pointing facilitates learning part names: A test of lexical constraint versus social pragmatic accounts of word learning
Authors: KOBAYASHI Harumi , YASUDA Tetsuya , LISZKOWSKI Ulf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe empirical study of word learning is driven by a theoretical debate between lexical constraint and social-pragmatic accounts; it has still not been determined which of these two best explains the evidence. We investigated whether the markedness of a pointing accompanying a verbal reference could help to learn a part name. Participants were 35 two-and-a-half-year-olds, 42 four-and-a-half-year-olds, and 38 undergraduate university students in Japan. The experimenter pointed to a novel part (embedded in a novel whole object) with either “marked” pointing, which was touching the part with a small circular motion, or with usual pointing. Touch accompanied by circular motion reliably elicited learning of part names in all age groups. Usual distal pointing without motion reliably elicited learning of whole object names. The pattern of findings rejects a whole-object constraint in early word learning and demonstrates that marked pointing can promote learning novel part names, supporting a social-pragmatic account.
Sums of random multiplicative functions over function fields with few irreducible factors
Authors: AGGARWAL DAKSH , SUBEDI UNIQUE , VERREAULT WILLIAM , ZAMAN ASIF , ZHENG CHENGHUI 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe establish a normal approximation for the limiting distribution of partial sums of random Rademacher multiplicative functions over function fields, provided the number of irreducible factors of the polynomials is small enough. This parallels work of Harper for random Rademacher multiplicative functions over the integers.
Opera and the Politics of Postdramatic Theatre: Frank Castorf's BayreuthRing
Authors: Berry Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article considers Frank Castorf's Bayreuth Festival production of Wagner'sRing(2013–17) and its relationship to postdramatic theatre, including the latter's fraught relationship to conceptions of the political. Framework and context are provided by Castorf's theatrical practice, both prior to and following German reunification; by Wagner's nineteenth-century revolutionary and post-revolutionary experience, both historical and as dramatised in theRing; and by Hans-Thies Lehmann's theoretical writing on postdramatic theatre. The production was a story of fascinating collisions: on the one hand, between different, often opposing, conceptions of drama and theatre; on the other, between different, yet in some ways complementary, political experiences. Interpretation proceeds by means of detailed description and analysis of the staging and a broader theoretical discussion. Compelled to reconcile themselves, at least in part, with ideas of musical drama and the work concept, Castorf's postdramatic aesthetics underwent significant challenge. In the wake of this production, ideas of Wagner staging and, more broadly, staging of opera in general have similarly undergone transformation.
Relative expression of the developmentally important candidate genes in immature oocytes and in vitro-produced embryos of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Kumar Satish , Chauhan Manmohan Singh 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe study was undertaken to examine the relative abundance (RA) of the major developmental important candidate genes in different grades of immature oocytes (A-grade, B-grade, C-grade and D-grade) and various stages of in vitro-produced embryos (2-cell, 4-cell, 8–16-cell, morula, and blastocyst) of buffalo using RT-qPCR. Results showed that the RA of GLUT1, CX43, HSP70.1 and GDF9 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the A-grade of oocytes than the C-grade and D-grade but did not differ significantly from the B-grade of oocytes. Similarly, RA of BMP15 and Survivin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in A-grade than the other grades of oocytes, however, poly(A) polymerase expression was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the immature oocytes. The expression of GLUT1 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the blastocysts, but the expression of CX43 (P < 0.05; P > 0.05), HSP70.1 (P < 0.05; P > 0.05) and GDF9 (P > 0.05) was higher at the 2-cell stage than the other stages of embryos. Interestingly, the expression levels of poly(A) polymerase (P < 0.05), BMP15 (P < 0.05; P > 0.05) and Survivin (P > 0.05) were higher at the 8–16-cell stage than the other stages of embryos. It is concluded that A-grade of immature oocytes has shown more mRNA abundance for the major developmental important genes; therefore A-grade oocytes may be considered as the most developmentally competent and suitable for handmade cloning research in buffalo.
Medical Evacuation and Liquidation of the Medical-Sanitary Aftereffects in Crisis
Authors: Baranova Natalia , Boby Boris , Goncharov Sergei , Nechaeva Natalia 
Published: February 2022

Editor’s CommentThe following article was cleared for publication following peer review and upon the Editor-in-Chief’s decision. The manuscript is an addition to the global health literature. The manuscript reads uneven in the current English version, but the topic and concepts presented are of global interest and add to the disaster planning, response, and recovery knowledge base.
NIH Toolbox® Episodic Memory Measure Differentiates Older Adults with Exceptional Memory Capacity from those with Average-for-Age Cognition
Authors: Karpouzian-Rogers Tatiana , Makowski-Woidan Beth , Kuang Alan , Zhang Hui , Fought Angela , Engelmeyer Janessa , Mesulam M.-Marsel , Weintraub Sandra , Rogalski Emily 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:Older adults with exceptional memory function, designated “SuperAgers,” include individuals over age 80, with episodic memory at least as good as individuals ages 50s–60s. The Northwestern University SuperAging cohort is defined by performance on an established test of verbal memory. The purpose of this study was to determine if superior verbal memory extends to nonverbal memory in SuperAgers by examining differences in the National Institutes of Health Toolbox® (NIHTB) between older adults with exceptional memory and those with average-for-age cognition.Method:SuperAgers (n = 46) and cognitively average-for-age older adults (n = 31) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the NIHTB Cognition module. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine differences on subtests between groups.Results:There was a significant effect of group on the Picture Sequence Memory score, (p = .007), such that SuperAgers had higher scores than cognitively average-for-age older adults. There were no other group effects across other non-episodic memory NIHTB Cognition measures.Conclusions:Findings from this study demonstrated stronger performance on the memory measure of the NIHTB in SuperAgers compared to cognitively average-for-age older adults demonstrating superior memory in not only verbal but also nonverbal episodic memory in this group. Additionally, this study adds to the literature validating the NIHTB in older adults, particularly in a novel population of adults over age 80 with exceptional memory.