bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycaemic Control in Diabetes
Authors: Müller-Wieland D. , Brandts J. , Verket M. , Marx N. , Schütt K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReduction of glucose is the hallmark of diabetes therapy proven to reduce micro- and macro-vascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes. However glucose-lowering efficacy trials in type 2 diabetes didn’t show major cardiovascular benefit. Then, a paradigm change in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes has emerged due to the introduction of new blood glucose-lowering agents. Cardiovascular endpoint studies have proven HbA1c-independent cardioprotective effects for GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce the risk for heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Mechanisms for these blood glucose independent drug target-related effects are still an enigma. Recent research has shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists might have anti-inflammatory and plaque stabilising effects whereas SGLT-2 inhibitors primarily reduce pre- and after-load of the heart and increase work load efficiency of the heart. In addition, reduction of intraglomerular pressure, improved energy supply chains and water regulation appear to be major mechanisms for renoprotection by SGLT-2 inhibitors. These studies and observations have led to recent changes in clinical recommendations and treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes. In patients with high or very high cardio-renal risk, SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists have a preferred recommendation independent of baseline HbA1c levels due to cardioprotection. In patients with chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease or at respective risks SGLT-2 inhibitors are the preferred choice. Therefore, the treatment paradigm of glucose control in diabetes has changed towards using diabetes drugs with evidence-based organ protection improving clinical prognosis.
Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation and Resilience in Urban Areas
Authors: Ferreira Carla Sofia Santos , Potočki Kristina , Kapović-Solomun Marijana , Kalantari Zahra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban areas face several environmental problems and risks related to water management, such as floods and degradation of water quality, enhancing population vulnerability and threatening urban sustainability. These problems are expected to be exacerbated with increasing urbanization and climate change, which leads to higher frequency and intensity of hydrometeorological extremes. Moving towards more flood resilient cities has proven a major challenge, particularly considering the high concentration of population and economic activities and, thus, high pressure on limited available space. Nature-based solutions (NBS) in urban areas favour stormwater retention, infiltration, and filtration, contributing to flood mitigation and enhancement of water quality. The effectiveness of different NBS on stormwater management, however, is influenced by design and placement aspects, but a network of connected NBS elements can improve flood mitigation and enhance urban resilience. Stronger evidence of the advantages of NBS, however, is still required to overcome the current challenges and barriers impairing their wider implementation in urban areas.
Extremal black holes that are not extremal: maximal warm holes
Authors: Dias Óscar J. C. , Horowitz Gary T. , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study a family of four-dimensional, asymptotically flat, charged black holes that develop (charged) scalar hair as one increases their charge at fixed mass. Surprisingly, the maximum charge for given mass is a nonsingular hairy black hole with nonzero Hawking temperature. The implications for Hawking evaporation are discussed.
Processability of high-strength aluminum 6182 series alloy via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)
Authors: Riener Kirstin , Pfalz Tino , Funcke Florian , Leichtfried Gerhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe growing demand for more materials available for the LPBF-process, in particular high-strength aluminum alloys, is evident in the market. In the present work, a systematic investigation of the processability of aluminum 6182 series alloys, using LPBF, was carried out. For this purpose, the influence of process parameters, especially of enhanced preheating by heating the substrate plate during the LPBF process, on the microstructure of EN AW 6182 specimens was studied.Experiments were conducted at different preheating temperatures always using the same d-optimal design-of-experiments, the laser power, scanning speed, hatch distance, and laser focus position being varied over a wide range.It was found that the preheating temperature has the strongest impact on hot cracking. Higher temperatures result in a significantly reduced number of hot cracks in the microstructure. Moreover, an equiaxed microstructure of the specimens manufactured can be observed at preheating temperatures of 500 °C. In addition to the preheating temperature, the achievable part density is most strongly affected by the laser focus position and the laser power, whereas the hatch distance shows no discernible impact on the part density. Furthermore, neither the hatch distance nor the laser focus position shows any significant effect on hot cracking.In combination with the optimal scanning parameters, crack-free parts with a fully equiaxed grain structure and densities > 99.0% can be manufactured via LPBF at a preheating temperature of 500 °C.
Alcohol intoxication and lack of helmet use are common in electric scooter-related traumatic brain injuries: a consecutive patient series from a tertiary university hospital
Authors: Suominen Eetu N. , Sajanti Antti J. , Silver Eero A. , Koivunen Veerakaisa , Bondfolk Anton S. , Koskimäki Janne , Saarinen Antti J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Clinicians have increasingly encountered traumatic brain injuries (TBI) related to electric scooter (ES) accidents. In this study, we aim to identify the modifiable risk factors for ES-related TBIs.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients treated for ES-related traumatic brain injuries in a tertiary university hospital between May 2019 and September 2021 was identified and employed for the study. The characteristics of the accidents along with the clinical and imaging findings of the injuries were collected from the patient charts.

Results
During the study period, 104 TBIs related to ES accidents were identified. There was a high occurrence of accidents late at night and on Saturdays. In four cases, the patient’s helmet use was mentioned (3.8%). Seventy-four patients (71%) were intoxicated. At the scene of the accident, seventy-seven (74%) of the patients had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13–15, three patients (3%) had a score of 9–12, and two patients (2%) had a score of 3–8. The majority (83%) of TBIs were diagnosed as concussions. Eighteen patients had evidence of intracranial injuries in the imagining. Two patients required neurosurgical procedures. The estimated population standardized incidence increased from 7.0/100,000 (95% CI 3.5–11/100,000) in 2019 to 27/100,000 (95% CI 20–34/100,000) in 2021.

Conclusions
Alcohol intoxication and the lack of a helmet were common in TBIs caused by ES accidents. Most of the accidents occurred late at night. Targeting these modifiable factors could decrease the incidence of ES-related TBIs.
MEG bei frontalen Epilepsien
Authors: Rampp Stefan , Kasper Burkhard , Brandner Sebastian , Hamer Hajo , Buchfelder Michael 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Magnetenzephalographie (MEG) bietet für die prächirurgische Lokalisationsdiagnostik frontaler und allgemein extratemporaler Epilepsien wesentliche Vorteile. Eine Reihe retro- und prospektiver Studien zeigt einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Planung invasiver Ableitungen und epilepsiechirurgischer Eingriffe mit deutlicher Verbesserung der postoperativen Anfallskontrolle. Der Artikel gibt einen kurz gefassten Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Evidenz.
The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression — metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues
Authors: Sebestyén Anna , Dankó Titanilla , Sztankovics Dániel , Moldvai Dorottya , Raffay Regina , Cervi Catherine , Krencz Ildikó , Zsiros Viktória , Jeney András , Petővári Gábor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite advancements in cancer management, tumor relapse and metastasis are associated with poor outcomes in many cancers. Over the past decade, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, dysregulated cellular signaling networks, dynamic changes in the tissue microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, protein expression within regulatory pathways, and their part in tumor progression are described in several studies. However, the complexity of metabolic enzyme expression is considerably under evaluated. Alterations in cellular metabolism determine the individual phenotype and behavior of cells, which is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression, especially in the adaptation mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. In metabolic symbiosis, cells compete, communicate, and even feed each other, supervised by tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming forms a unique fingerprint for each tumor tissue, depending on the cellular content and genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations of the developing cancer. Based on its sensing and effector functions, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is considered the master regulator of metabolic adaptation. Moreover, mTOR kinase hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in various tumor types. In situ metabolic phenotyping in recent studies highlights the importance of metabolic plasticity, mTOR hyperactivity, and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we update recent developments in metabolic phenotyping of the cancer ecosystem, metabolic symbiosis, and plasticity which could provide new research directions in tumor biology. In addition, we suggest pathomorphological and analytical studies relating to metabolic alterations, mTOR activity, and their associations which are necessary to improve understanding of tumor heterogeneity and expand the therapeutic management of cancer.
Study of trace metal contamination and ecological risk assessment in the sediments of a tropical river estuary, Southwestern India
Authors: Nishitha D’Souza , Amrish Vadakkeveedu Narayan , Arun Kumar , Warrier Anish Kumar , Udayashankar Harikripa Narayana , Balakrishna Keshava 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to assess the extent of trace metal pollution in the sediments of Sita-Swarna estuary, west coast of India, and investigate their possible ecological risk on the aquatic environment. The sediment cores were analyzed for sand, silt, clay, organic carbon, and trace metals (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Co, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cu) at 2-cm intervals. The study revealed that sediments have deposited in relatively violent to very violent hydrodynamic energy conditions. Factor analysis indicated that the metal distribution is mainly controlled by Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides and organic carbon. Further, the geochemical approach, pollution indices, and statistical evaluation revealed moderate pollution in the catchment. From an ecotoxicological perspective, the estimated risk index (RI) value was found to less than 150, indicating low risk for aquatic life. Thus, this baseline study would help to adopt strategies in pollution control and protect the fragile marine environment.
The Habituation Process in Two Groups of Wild Moor Macaques (Macaca maura)
Authors: Hernández Tienda Clara , Majolo Bonaventura , Romero Teresa , Illa Maulany Risma , Oka Ngakan Putu , Beltrán Francés Víctor , Gregorio Hernández Elisa , Gómez-Melara Jose , Llorente Miquel , Amici Federica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen studying animal behavior in the wild, some behaviors may require observation from a relatively short distance. In these cases, habituation is commonly used to ensure that animals do not perceive researchers as a direct threat and do not alter their behavior in their presence. However, habituation can have significant effects on the welfare and conservation of the animals. Studying how nonhuman primates react to the process of habituation can help to identify the factors that affect habituation and implement habituation protocols that allow other researchers to speed up the process while maintaining high standards of health and safety for both animals and researchers. In this study, we systematically described the habituation of two groups of wild moor macaques (Macaca maura), an Endangered endemic species of Sulawesi Island (Indonesia), to assess the factors that facilitate habituation and reduce impact on animal behavior during this process. During 7 months, we conducted behavioral observations for more than 7,872 encounters and an average of 120 days to monitor how macaque behavior toward researchers changed through time in the two groups under different conditions. We found that both study groups (N = 56, N = 41) became more tolerant to the presence of researchers during the course of the habituation, with occurrence of neutral group responses increasing, and minimum distance to researchers and occurrence of fearful group responses decreasing through time. These changes in behavior were predominant when macaques were in trees, with better visibility conditions, when researchers maintained a longer minimum distance to macaques and, unexpectedly, by the presence of more than one researcher. By identifying these factors, we contribute to designing habituation protocols that decrease the likelihood of fearful responses and might reduce the stress experienced during this process.
Not Getting Stuck in Dryness - Strategies for Coping with Phases of Spiritual Dryness Among Religious Brothers and Sisters in Germany—Findings from Qualitative Interviews
Authors: Gerundt Mareike , Beerenbrock Yvonne , Büssing Arndt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany believers experience phases of spiritual dryness in their lives coupled with feelings of exhaustion, confusion, and emotional emptiness. Even religious sisters and brothers experience such phases. But how do they cope with phases of spiritual dryness, and what resources do they use to overcome them? In a qualitative study, 30 religious brothers and sisters utilized four main categories of resources: internal reflective resources, internal spiritual resources, external personal resources, and external other resources. A primary strategy does not seem to exist for overcoming phases of spiritual dryness. In the context of this study, therefore, several resources emerged that were used in accordance with the triggers and were applied against the background of the life situation, context and attitudes, perceptions, behavioral competencies, resources, and abilities of the person concerned.
Muscle force estimation from lower limb EMG signals using novel optimised machine learning techniques
Authors: Mokri Chiako , Bamdad Mahdi , Abolghasemi Vahid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to establish a framework for processing and evaluating the lower limb electromyography (EMG) signals ready to be fed to a rehabilitation robot. We design and build a knee rehabilitation robot that works with surface EMG (sEMG) signals. In our device, the muscle forces are estimated from sEMG signals using several machine learning techniques, i.e. support vector machine (SVM), support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF). In order to improve the estimation accuracy, we devise genetic algorithm (GA) for parameter optimisation and feature extraction within the proposed methods. At the same time, a load cell and a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) are mounted on the robot to measure the muscle force and knee joint angle, respectively. Various performance measures have been employed to assess the performance of the proposed system. Our extensive experiments and comparison with related works revealed a high estimation accuracy of 98.67% for lower limb muscles. The main advantage of the proposed techniques is high estimation accuracy leading to improved performance of the therapy while muscle models become especially sensitive to the tendon stiffness and the slack length.
Pensions and the Extending Working Lives Agenda in the UK: The Impact on Women
Authors: Foster Liam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExtending working lives (EWLs) has been a key policy response to the challenges presented by an ageing population in the United Kingdom (UK). This includes the use of pension policies to encourage working longer. However, opportunities and experiences of EWLs are not equal. While much has been written about EWLs more broadly, limited attention has been paid to connecting those EWLs policies associated with pensions and their potentially unequal impact on women. This article aims to address this gap, taking a feminist political-economy perspective to explore the structural constraints that shape EWLs and pensions. Initially it briefly introduces the EWLs agenda, before focussing on pension developments and their implications for EWLs, considering the gendered nature of these policies. Finally, it touches upon potential policy measures to mitigate the impact of these developments on women. It demonstrates how women’s existing labour market and pension disadvantages have been largely overlooked in the development of EWLs policy, perpetuating or expanded many women’s financial inequalities in later life. It highlights the need for a greater focus on gendered pension differences in developing EWLs policy to ensure women’s circumstances are not adversely impacted on.
Impact of Mindfulness Training on Spanish Police Officers’ Mental and Emotional Health: a Non-Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Navarrete Jaime , García-Salvador Miguel Ángel , Cebolla Ausiàs , Baños Rosa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this exploratory non-randomized controlled study was to determine the acceptance and effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) co-designed by a police officer.MethodsA pretest-posttest control group design was followed. Participants (MBI group = 20; control group = 18) answered baseline and post-training self-reported measures. In addition, the weekly emotional state of the MBI group was collected. Paired-samplest-test and analysis of covariance were performed for pre-post within-group and between-group differences, respectively, as well as linear mixed effects analysis of repeated measures for week-by-week data.ResultsHigh acceptance and attendance rates, as well as significant pre-post within-group differences in the MBI group in mindfulness (η2= 0.43), self-compassion (η2= 0.43), depression (η2= 0.54), anxiety (η2= 0.46), stress (η2= 0.51), difficulties in emotion regulation, sleep quality (η2= 0.57), and burnout (η2= 0.31–0.47), were identified. Moreover, police officers who underwent the MBI experienced a week by week decrease of anger, disgust, anxiety, sadness, and desire. Finally, after adjusting for pre-test scores, significant between-group differences were found in the way of attending to internal and external experiences (observing mindfulness facet;ηp2= 0.21), depression symptoms (ηp2= 0.23), general distress (ηp2= 0.24), and the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion (personal burnout;ηp2= 0.20).ConclusionsThe preliminary effectiveness of this MBI on psychopathology and quality of life outcomes in Spanish police officers was discussed. Previous evidence regarding the promising use of MBIs in this population was supported.
An Accelerated Thrombosis Model for Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations in Rotary Blood Pumps
Authors: Blum Christopher , Groß-Hardt Sascha , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThrombosis ranks among the major complications in blood-carrying medical devices and a better understanding to influence the design related contribution to thrombosis is desirable. Over the past years many computational models of thrombosis have been developed. However, numerically cheap models able to predict localized thrombus risk in complex geometries are still lacking. The aim of the study was to develop and test a computationally efficient model for thrombus risk prediction in rotary blood pumps.MethodsWe used a two-stage approach to calculate thrombus risk. The first stage involves the computation of velocity and pressure fields by computational fluid dynamic simulations. At the second stage, platelet activation by mechanical and chemical stimuli was determined through species transport with an Eulerian approach. The model was compared with existing clinical data on thrombus deposition within the HeartMate II. Furthermore, an operating point and model parameter sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsOur model shows good correlation (R2> 0.93) with clinical data and identifies the bearing and outlet stator region of the HeartMate II as the location most prone to thrombus formation. The calculation of thrombus risk requires an additional 10–20 core hours of computation time.ConclusionThe concentration of activated platelets can be used as a surrogate and computationally low-cost marker to determine potential risk regions of thrombus deposition in a blood pump. Relative comparisons of thrombus risk are possible even considering the intrinsic uncertainty in model parameters and operating conditions.
Nano-enhanced biolubricant in sustainable manufacturing: From processability to mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yanbin , Li Hao Nan , Li Changhe , Huang Chuanzhen , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Xu Xuefeng , Mao Cong , Ding Wenfeng , Cui Xin , Yang Min , Yu Tianbiao , Jamil Muhammad , Gupta Munish Kumar , Jia Dongzhou , Said Zafar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo eliminate the negative effect of traditional metal-working fluids and achieve sustainable manufacturing, the usage of nano-enhanced biolubricant (NEBL) is widely researched in minimum quantify lubrication (MQL) machining. It’s improved tool wear and surface integrity have been preliminarily verified by experimental studies. The previous review papers also concluded the major influencing factors of processability including nano-enhancer and lubricant types, NEBL concentration, micro droplet size, and so on. Nevertheless, the complex action of NEBL, from preparation, atomization, infiltration to heat transfer and anti-friction, is indistinct which limits preparation of process specifications and popularity in factories. Especially in the complex machining process, in-depth understanding is difficult and meaningful. To fill this gap, this paper concentrates on the comprehensive quantitative assessment of processability based on tribological, thermal, and machined surface quality aspects for NEBL application in turning, milling, and grinding. Then it attempts to answer mechanisms systematically considering multi-factor influence of molecular structure, physicochemical properties, concentration, and dispersion. Firstly, this paper reveals advanced lubrication and heat transfer mechanisms of NEBL by quantitative comparison with biolubricant-based MQL machining. Secondly, the distinctive filmformation, atomization, and infiltration mechanisms of NEBL, as distinguished from metal-working fluid, are clarified combining with its unique molecular structure and physical properties. Furtherly, the process optimization strategy is concluded based on the synergistic relationship analysis among process variables, physicochemical properties, machining mechanisms, and performance of NEBL. Finally, the future development directions are put forward aiming at current performance limitations of NEBL, which requires improvement on preparation and jet methods respects. This paper will help scientists deeply understand effective mechanism, formulate process specifications, and find future development trend of this technology.