bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges Experienced By Primary Health Care Nurses Rendering 24 Hours Service at Designated Clinics in Musina Local Area, Limpopo Province
Authors: Mutshatshi Takalani E. , Munyai Vhutshilo 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The South African health care system has been making endless efforts to ensure effective and efficient health care service delivery irrespective of the various challenges experienced by Primary Health Care nurses that set some drawbacks. The introduction of a 24-hour service at designated clinics was recommended as an approach that could improve service delivery at Primary health settings however, the approach is faced with challenges from Primary Health Care nurses rendering such services.

Objective:
The objective was To explore and describe the challenges faced by Primary Health Care nurses when rendering 24-hours service at designated clinics in Musina local area.

Methods:
A qualitative, explorative-descriptive research methodology approach was used to collect data. The study used a non-probability purposive sampling method to select 10 Primary Health Care nurses to participate in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysis was done using Tesch’s open coding method to develop themes and sub-themes. Measures to ensure the trustworthiness OF the study were all followed throughout the study.

Results:
The study results indicated that there is a shortage of resources, inadequate compliance to occupational health and safety measures which affect the rendering of 24-hour services at clinics

Conclusion:
The study recommends the provision of adequate resources both human and material, provision of adequate security, and improvement in the clinic infrastructure to enable Primary Health Care nurses to work effectively. The study is of importance to the nursing profession as the findings and recommendations will help primary health care nurses in improving service delivery at clinics.
A Review on Investigation of PV Solar Panel Surface Defects and MPPT
Techniques
Authors: Damodaran Manimegalai , Subarnan Gayathri Monicka , Madhu Karthikeyan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The lifetime of PV modules is reduced due to a variety of degradation modes. Failure
modes that contribute significantly to PV module output power losses include snail trails, hotspots,
micro cracks, bubbles or delamination, and dust accumulation. The correlations between these phenomena, like those between corrosive environment and potential-induced breakdown, are not well
understood. As a result, in this review, we will try to explain the relationship between snail trails,
hotspots, microcracks, bubbles or delamination, and dust accumulation on photovoltaic module
components in order to ensure the PV modules' reliability. This paper in the Photovoltaic literature
gives an overview of several Maximum Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques that have been recently
designed, simulated and/or experimentally validated. The main objective of every MPPT technology
is to maximize the output of a photovoltaic array with shade or unshade conditions. The characteristics presented in this paper are unique, and they provide researchers with a starting point for choosing and implementing an appropriate MPPT technique.
Особенности синтеза, структура, магнитометрия и ЯМР-спектроскопия нанопроволок различных типов
Authors: Загорский Д.Л. , Долуденко И.М. , Хайбуллин Р.И. , Чупраков С.А. , Гиппиус А.А. , Журенко С.В. , Ткачёв А.В. , Черкасов Д.А. , Жигалина О.М. , Хмеленин Д.Н. , Каневский В.М. , Муслимов А.Э. , Панов Д.В. , Блинов И.В. 
Published: June 2022

Исследованы различные типы нанопроволок, полученных методом матричного синтеза --- гомогенные (из железа) и гетерогенные (слоевые). Разработана и описана методика получения массивов слоевых нанопроволок, с чередующимися тонкими слоями магнитных и немагнитных металлов (Co/Cu, Ni/Cu). Методами микроскопии (СЭМ и ПЭМ с элементным анализом) изучена топография получаемых структур, диаметры нанопроволок и толщины отдельных слоев, особенности межслоевых интерфейсов. Предложены способы синтеза нанопроволок с тонкими слоями и четкими границами --- разбавление электролита, использование электрода сравнения, контроль протекшего заряда. Методами магнитометрии изучены слоевые нанопроволоки и показано, что магнитные свойства массива слоевых нанопроволок (в частности, направление оси легкого намагничивания в массиве Co/Cu-НП) зависят не только от аспектного отношения магнитного слоя, но и от отношения толщины слоя магнитного металла к толщине немагнитного спейсера (медной прослойки). При изучении двух типов нанопроволок применялся метод ядерный магнитный резонанс (ЯМР). Методом ЯМР (на ядрах 59Co) изучены слоевые структуры Co/Cu: показано, что в нанопроволоках со слоями меньшей толщины (и, соответственно, с большим вкладом интерфейсов) наблюдается большая доля атомов Co, координированных атомами Cu. Высокая доля атомов, координированных медью, позволяет предположить, что примесь меди входит и в кобальтовые слои. Проведено сравнение гомогенных нанопроволок из железа (ЯМР на ядрах 57Fe) с образцами объемного железа. Обнаружен сдвиг линии в сторону высоких частот (на 0.3 MHz), свидетельствующий об увеличении поля примерно на 0.2 T. Значительное уширение линии и уменьшение времени спин-решеточной релаксации может свидетельствовать о значительном разбросе величин локального магнитного поля. Ключевые слова: нанопроволоки, матричный синтез, микроскопия, элементный анализ, магнитные свойства, ЯМР.
Validation of risk perception questionnaire for covid-19: Indonesian version for critical care nurses
Authors: Ardiansyah Diki , Anggraeni Diah Tika 
Published: June 2022

<p><strong><em>Background : </em></strong><em>The high need for intensive care in COVID-19 patients often has an impact on large workloads, long-term fatigue, and exposure to infections. Perception plays an important role in the desire to change behavior, including the impact. However, to date, there is no valid and reliable assessment instrument to measure risk perceptions of Covid-19.</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the nurse's risk perception questionnaire in the care of Covid-19 patients in the Intensive Care unit according to the situation in Indonesia.</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> <em>This study was conducted on nurses who treat COVID-19 patients in the ICU. The research design was carried out in a cross-sectional manner. The sampling technique used was total sampling, with a total of 35 respondents. The researcher conducted an analysis through five stages, namely translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument in order to obtain the Indonesian version of the Risk Perception questionnaire. After that, a retrial was carried out on 15 nurses who worked in the COVID-19 room. The statistical test was used to test the validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha and reliability analysis.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> The results of the validity test with Cronbach's alpha of 0.379 - 0.766 with a reliability test using analytical reliability of 0.943. The value of the r table is 0.3338. There are 5 items from the risk perception questionnaire that are not valid after the construct validity test. The researcher then issued 5 invalid items. So that there are 42 out of 47 questionnaire items that are relevant to the condition of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in the ICU in Indonesia.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>This risk perception questionnaire is valid and reliable, so the risk perception questionnaire can be used in Indonesia to evaluate nurses' risk perceptions in treating COVID-19 patients in the ICU. Researchers recommend health care providers evaluate nurses' risk perceptions using this questionnaire.</em><em> </em></p>
Emojis and Emoticons in Health Care and Dermatology Communication: Narrative Review
Authors: Szeto Mindy D , Barber Cara , Ranpariya Varun K , Anderson Jarett , Hatch Jonny , Ward Jordan , Aguilera Megan N , Hassan Shahzeb , Hamp Austin , Coolman Tyler , Dellavalle Robert P 
Published: June 2022

Background
Emoticons and emojis have become staple additions to modern-day communication. These graphical icons are now embedded in daily society through the various forms of popular social media and through users’ personal electronic conversations. With ever-increasing use and inclusivity, exploration of the possible health care and dermatology applications of these tools is imperative.

Objective
The goal of this narrative review was to provide and evaluate an up-to-date literature survey examining the utility of emoticons and emojis in medicine. Special attention was paid to their existing and potential uses in the field of dermatology, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A PubMed search of peer-reviewed publications was performed in mid-2021 to collect articles with emoticon or emoji keywords in combination with other health care–relevant or dermatology-relevant keywords. Screening of publications and described studies was performed by the authors with education and research experience in health care, dermatology, social media, and electronic communication trends. Selected articles were grouped based on common subjects for qualitative analysis and presentation for in-depth discussion.

Results
From this extensive search, researchers were able to identify a wide variety of publications detailing the use of emoticons and emojis in general health care, pediatric health care, public health, and dermatology. Key subject areas that emerged from the investigation included the ability of emoticons and emojis to improve communication within pediatric health care, enhance mood and psychological assessment or mental health screening in adults, develop interventions to improve patient medication adherence, complement novel means of public health and COVID-19 surveillance, and bolster dermatology-specific applications.

Conclusions
This review illuminated the repurposing of emojis and emoticons for a myriad of advantageous functions in health care and public health, with applications studied in many populations and situations. Dermatology-specific uses were relatively sparse in the literature, highlighting potential opportunities for growth in future studies and practices. The importance of diversity and inclusivity has extended to emojis, with the recent introduction of skin color customization and new emojis better representing the comprehensive spectrum of users’ experiences. A continuously evolving and technology-driven population creates a unique niche for emoticons and emojis to ease worldwide communication and understanding, transcending the barriers of age, language, and background. We encourage future studies and innovations to better understand and expand their utility.
Antioxidant Flavonoid Glycoside from Leaves of Cacao Mistletoe (<i>Scurrula ferruginea</i> (Jack) Danser)
Authors: Efdi Mai , Pratama Dara , Itam Afrizal , Okselni Tia 
Published: June 2022

Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is a folk medicine to treat several diseases. S. ferruginea is the mistletoe that lives by deriving nutrients from the host. Hence, the host has a significant effect on the biological activities and bioactive components of S. ferruginea. In this study, the leaves of S. ferruginea were macerated by methanol solvent to extract the chemical components and fractionated by hexane and ethyl acetate solvent, respectively, to separate organic compounds. The biological activity of crude extracts as the antioxidant was investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The result showed that the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction with the IC50 of 10.88 ± 0.39 µg/mL. Furthermore, the trituration method used several solvents to isolate secondary metabolites from the initial crude methanol extract. This purification process produced a flavonoid compound of quercitrin. The antioxidant activity of quercitrin was also determined by the DPPH method. The result showed that this compound has stronger activity than the crude extracts with the IC50 of 5.95 ± 0.11 µg/mL. This study demonstrated that cacao mistletoe of S. ferruginea may have the potential activity to treat the diseases caused by the presence of free radicals.
Evaluation of the antifungal powers of five plant species of the genus Terminalia on strains responsible for candidiasis
Authors: BOLOU Gbouhoury Eric-Kévin , YAO Konan , AGRE Don Josette , NGUESSAN Désirée Ruth Constance , ZIRIHI Guédé Noel , DJAMAN Allico Joseph 
Published: June 2022

Background: Candidiasis is a fungal disease caused by Candida albicans, a yeast that preferentially affects mucous membranes. These diseases are more and more recurrent because of the generalized decline in immunity and the appearance of resistance to classical antifungal drugs. Therefore, fighting against therapeutic failures becomes necessary. The objective of this study is to contribute to the fight against candidiasis through the research of new antifungal molecules. To do so, the hydroalcoholic extracts of Terminalia catappa, Terminalia glaucescens, Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia mantaly and Terminalia superba, five plant species used in traditional medicine against dermatoses, were tested on the in vitro growth of resistant strains of Candida albicans. In addition, the polyphenol composition of these plants was carried out in order to evaluate their protective powers.
Methods: The antifungal tests were performed by the solid-state dilution method. While the determination of polyphenols was performed by the photometric method.
Results: The results showed an inhibition of the growth of germs by four plants except Terminalia catappa. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained are as follows: MIC (T. ivorensis) =0.25 mg/mL; MIC (T. glaucescens) =0.50 mg/mL; MIC (T. superba) = 4 mg/ML; MIC (T. mantaly) = 2 mg/mL.
Conclusion: This study indicates that T. ivorensis is the most active and has the highest content of phenolic compounds. This plant could be a source of effective molecules in the treatment of candidiasis.
Keywords: Candida albicans, candidiasis, Terminalia, antifungal, polyphenol,
Evaluation of Awareness and Knowledge of Pharmacovigilance amongst Final Year Students of Rivers State College of Health Science and Technology, Nigeria
Authors: Bagbi B. M. , George D. M. , Alagala M. B. 
Published: June 2022

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) till date are still considered as one of the main problems of drug therapy. Pharmacovigilance is the monitoring of drug safety by means of spontaneous adverse-effect reporting systems, case control and cohort studies.
This study evaluated the levels of awareness and knowledge of pharmacovigilance (i.e., ADR reporting) amongst final year students of Rivers State College of Health Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It was a cross sectional awareness and knowledge survey amongst 200 students from the eight Schools of the institution. Specially adapted and structured questionnaires were administered to the students to obtain information on their levels of awareness and knowledge on reporting of ADRs. Simple descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data that were obtained. The result showed that over 72% of the students from each of the Schools had good knowledge of ADR, about 62% were aware of ADR reporting system, while less than 50% had knowledge of the process of reporting ADRs.
Final year students of College of Health Science and Technology, Port Harcourt have good knowledge of ADR. However, their awareness of the reporting system and particularly the process of reporting (pharmacovigilance) is poor and needs improvement.
Keywords: Awareness, adverse drug reaction, pharmacovigilance
Quantum Dots: A New Hope for the Pharmaceutical Field
Authors: Bhurbhure Om , Ghormade Vaishnavi , Katekar Vinayak , Sangule Dipali , Dhage Shivprasad , Boralkar Vrushabh , Padole Tejaswini 
Published: June 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles that have been developed for a number of biological and biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and simultaneous imaging of several cells. As a result of their unique physicochemical features, QDs have shown remarkable potential in receptor-based targeting. Functionalized QDs (f-QDs) are nano-sized smart systems that can deliver a wide spectrum of bioactive. Surface modified fluorescent carbon QDs has received interest as a targeting ligand for achieving cellular targeting with increased specificity. Several surface-designed and conjugated fluorescent carbon QDs are currently being investigated for cancer treatment, and the results are awaited with bated breath. This review emphasizes different synthesis methods, their characterizations, and different applications of QDs in cancer therapies.
Keywords: Quantum dots, Synthesis, Medical applications.
The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Degree of Pneumonia in Toddlers at Universitas Kristen Indonesia General Hospital
Authors: Adriani Ance , Simarmata Vidi Posdo 
Published: June 2022

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that majorly causes the death of children in the world, especially in developing countries. Malnourished is a risk factor for pneumonia in children under five years. This study aims to determine the association between nutritional status and pneumonia severity in children under five years in the Universitas Kristen Indonesia General Hospital. The design of this study was an analytical cross-sectional. The data was collected from December 2016 – to January 2017 in central to the medical record of UKI General Hospital. The subject was all infants hospitalized with pneumonia from 2013 to 2015. The indicator used for nutritional status was based on weight for height according to WHO 2007 chart. Pneumonia was found most in 13 – 24 months (36,6%). Thirteen of 82 children with normal nutritional status and 24/82 children with undernutrition had severe pneumonia (p = 0,025). Undernutrition status was significantly associated with the severity of pneumonia.
Keywords: nutritional status, the severity of pneumonia, children under five years
A Two-Sequence, Four-Period, Crossover, Full-Replicate Study to Demonstrate Bioequivalence of Carbamazepine Extended-Release Tablets in Healthy Subjects under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Salunke Shashank , Birla Ashish , Chaudhari Sandip , Makwana Manasvi , Waghmare Kailash , Shah Paresh , Shelke Sanjay 
Published: June 2022

Carbamazepine is a first-line antiepileptic drug (AED) used for the treatment of partial and tonic-clonic seizures. We conducted an open label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, two-sequence, four-period, single oral dose, full-replicate crossover study to assess and compare the bioequivalence of test product Carbamazepine extended release tablets USP 400 mg with reference product Tegretol®-XR 400 mg (Carbamazepine extended release tablets), respectively in healthy subjects under fasting and fed conditions. Blood samples were collected pre-dose and at regular intervals post-dose up to 240.00 hours. The plasma concentration was analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method and the reference-scaled and the unscaled procedure was used to determine bioequivalence for the pharmacokinetics parameters, Cmax, AUC0–t, AUC0-inf, Tmax, T½, Kel and AUC extrapolated was calculated. The results showed that the geometric mean ratios of Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0-inf were 113.04%, 108.33% and 108.15% respectively, in the fasting conditions and 113.99%, 110.13% and 111.41%, respectively, in the fed conditions and the 90% confidence intervals were all within the range of 80.00% to 125.00%. It can be concluded from the result that the test product Carbamazepine extended release tablets based on osmotic release system (OROS) are bioequivalent to the reference product Tegretol®-XR tablets.
Keywords: Bioequivalence, Carbamazepine, Sodium Channel Modulators and Epilepsy
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating In-Situ Gel of Nicardipine Hydrochloride
Authors: Patel Tarun , Desai Sharav , Jain Hitesh , Meshram Dhananjay , Rahevar Komal 
Published: June 2022

The present research work aimed to formulate and evaluate a gastro retentive in situ gelling system of Nicardipine Hydrochloride using Sodium Alginate as gelling polymer, HPMC K100M as release retard polymer, calcium carbonate as a cross-linking agent, and tri-sodium citrate as fluidity enhancer agent to treat hypertension. The mechanism for the floatation was based on ionic cross-linking. Several evaluation tests were carried out for pre and final formulation evaluation. Based on the outcomes white-colored, viscous solution of uniform consistency was obtained. Batch B1 was very well prepared for the ability to control long-term drug release. The drug content was found to be > 97 %, the viscosities were in the acceptable range suitable for swallowing, and pH was found to be in the range of 7.33 – 7.68 which was compatible with oral digestion. Design expert 13 Software was used to derive results of interaction and responses based on the concentration of polymer and statistical analysis. The optimized formulation i.e., Batch B1 (0.6 % w/v and 0.5 % w/v HPMC K100M) showed a slow drug release of 96.44 % up to 12 hours. The best fit model for the drug release followed the Higuchi model which explained that the drug release occurred by the Fiskian mechanism i.e., a combination of both diffusion and erosion. The in-situ gel prepared can ultimately provide prolonged release, enhance the bioavailability of the drug and increase patient compliance.
Keywords: - In situ gel, Ionic cross linking, Sodium alginate, HPMC K100M, Nicardipine Hydrochloride.
Hematological and Biochemical Investigations of Green Synthesized Reduced Graphene Oxide Carbon Nanoparticles on Acetaminophen Induced Male Albino Rats.
Authors: Soumen Paul  , MousumiMitra  , Nilufar Yasmin  , Chandradipa  Ghosh  , Dilip Kumar Nandi  
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective activity of green-synthesized Reduced graphene oxide carbon nanoparticles (RGO-CNP) from Asparagus racemosus (shatamuli) by hematological and biochemical assessments on acetaminophen induced uremic rats. 36 animals were divided into six groups including a control group, acetaminophen induced uremic group and nanoparticle treatment groups. Nanoparticle treated four groups were intraperitonealyco-administered RGO- CNP at doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg bw and acetaminophen at 500 mg/kg ofbw for 14 days respectively. Hematological analysis revealed that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), with acetaminophen induced Group II. Co-administration of green synthesized RGO and acetaminophen on nanoparticle treating groups showed the effective protectivity and significant (p<0.05) recovery in the hematological alterations. Other hematological parameters including- WBC, Platelet, Hematocrit, MCH and MCHC remained within the reference range and no significant alterations were observed. There was a significant increase in plasma ALT, AST, serum urea and creatinine levels (p< 0.05) in uremic group (Group II) compare to control (Group I).The alterations were further resettled to the higher dose of RGO treated groups (Group V and VI). The other tested biochemical parameters ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not significantly altered when compared with control Group I. In conclusion, it is established that RGO possess protective response against acetaminophen induced toxicity as dose responsive manners, which is supported by haematological and biochemical observations. This promising effect suggests the potential applicability of RGO as therapeutics in drug delivery systems to reduce the toxicity.