bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An on-line school-based randomised controlled trial to prevent non-specific low back pain in children
Authors: Borras Pere A , Vidal-Conti Josep 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This manuscript describes the rationale and protocol for an on-line, school-based randomised controlled trial of Projecte d’Educació Postural a l’Escola (Postural Education in School Project’ (PEPE) which aims to prevent non-specific low back pain and promote healthy postural habits in children. The study will examine the effects of the intervention on back care knowledge, daily postural habits (DPH) and the correct use of backpacks. Design: Randomised controlled trial informed by self-determination theory (SDT) and the social-ecological model (SEM). Setting: A total of 880 students attending 10 primary schools (five experimental and five control) from different Majorcan cities will participate in this study. Method: The intervention (on-line 12-week intervention for class teachers, physical education teachers and families) will be conducted by the research staff; a control group will continue their routine activities. Physical fitness (PF) levels will be measured by a modified version of the ALPHA Fitness test battery for children while back care knowledge and other study variables will be measured by a self-reported on-line questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcomes will be PF, backpack weight, back care knowledge and DPH. Conclusion: Findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of the short-term effects of this school-based intervention on back care knowledge, DPH, the correct use of backpacks and PF levels in Majorcan children.
A Visionary Working Model for Pursuing Social Justice Praxis Through Educational Psychology Courses
Authors: Mustafaa Faheemah N. , Martinez Mayra Nuñez 
Published: February 2022

Introduction We propose a visionary working model to normalize the pursuit of social justice praxis in educational psychology courses. Using our undergraduate course as an example, we discuss our roles as instructors, curriculum, and pedagogical strategies for forward progress. Statement of the Problem Despite stated commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion as integral to psychology research and practice (e.g., American Psychological Association statements), most educational psychology courses are highly theoretical and do not prepare learners to counter social injustices in praxis that are meaningful for the global majority. Literature Review We make the case for why educational psychology courses are ideal for training students for social justice praxis, and outline how diversity, equity, and inclusion strategies in the literature can be used as levers. Teaching Implications We provide assignment resources to illustrate how instructors can begin to integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion throughout a course to co-construct more just futures. Conclusion Actualizing this visionary model of normalizing social justice praxis in educational psychology courses requires multi-level supports at global and local levels. Using case studies to address complex social injustices within an engaged teaching and learning environment has significant potential to empower and prepare learners to forward social justice.
Acknowledging caregivers’ vulnerability in the managment of challenging behaviours to reduce control measures in psychiatry
Authors: Lefèvre-Utile Jean , Montreuil Marjorie , Perron Amélie , Reyre Aymeric , Carnevale Franco 
Published: February 2022

Background: The management of challenging behaviours in inpatient with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorders can lead to an escalation of control measures. In these complex situations where patients have an intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder accompanied by a psychiatric comorbidity, the experiences of caregivers related to the crisis management have rarely been studied. Purpose: This study examined the moral experiences of caregivers related to challenging behaviours’ management and alternatives to control measures. Research design: Using Charles Taylor’s hermeneutic framework, a 2-month focused ethnography with a participatory approach was used. Participants and research context: Sixteen caregivers were interviewed in a Canadian mental health setting for adults with intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder and psychiatric comorbidity. Ethical considerations: The research was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and local Research Ethics Board approval. Written informed consent was collected systematically from participants. Findings: By accounting for caregivers’ moral experiences, this study sheds light on a neglected dimension of the care relationship: the vulnerability of the caregiver. We highlight the main barriers and facilitators to alternatives to control measures. First, a caregiver’s vulnerability was characterised by the overall impact of challenging behaviours and the moral distress associated with the use of control measures and exclusion mechanisms of intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder patients. Second, a strong ambiguity between care and control measures and a lack of inclusive approaches were identified as the two main barriers to challenging behaviour management. Third, the involvement, both professional and personal, of caregivers was deemed necessary to implement alternatives to control measures. Discussion: A conflict of values opposes two conceptions of autonomy: a rational autonomy, which is counterproductive to the reduction of control measures, versus a relational autonomy based on shared vulnerability. Conclusion: The recognition of caregiver’s vulnerability is a benchmark to create alternative approaches, which defuse the logic of control and promote an ethics of care within which caregivers’ self-concern can be understood as fostering mutual respect.
Simulation of Gamma-Ray Transmission Buildup Factors for Stratified Spherical Layers
Authors: Alfuraih Abdulrahman A. 
Published: February 2022

Deterministic particle transport codes usually take into account scattered photons with correct attenuation laws and application of buildup factor to incident beam. Transmission buildup factors for adipose, bone, muscle, and skin human tissues, as well as for various combinations of these media for point isotropic photon source with energies of .15, 1.5 and 15 MeV, for different thickness of layers, were carried out using Geant4 (version 10.5) simulation toolkit. Also, we performed the analysis of existing multilayered shield fitting models (Lin and Jiang, Kalos, Burke and Beck) of buildup factor and the proposition of a new model. We found that the model combining those of Burke and Beck, for low atomic number (Z) followed by high Z materials and Kalos 1 for high Z followed by low Z materials, accurately reproduces simulation results with approximated deviation of 3 ± 3%, 2 ± 2%, and 3 ± 2% for 2, 3, and 4 layers, respectively. Since buildup factors are the key parameter for point kernel calculations, a correct study can be of great interest to the large community of radiation physicists, in general, and to medical imaging and radiotreatment physicists, especially.
Establishing Diagnostic Criteria for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 3]
Authors: Hilton Bryn , Gardner Emma L. , Jiang Zhilin , Tetreault Lindsay , Wilson Jamie R. F. , Zipser Carl Moritz , Riew K. Daniel , Guest James D. , Harrop James S. , Fehlings Michael G. , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Aarabi Bizhan , Koljonen Paul A. , Kotter Mark R. N. , Davies Benjamin M. , Kwon Brian K. 
Published: February 2022

Study Design: Narrative review. Objectives: To discuss the importance of establishing diagnostic criteria in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM), including factors that must be taken into account and challenges that must be overcome in this process. Methods: Literature review summarising current evidence of establishing diagnostic criteria for DCM. Results: Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is characterised by a degenerative process of the cervical spine resulting in chronic spinal cord dysfunction and subsequent neurological disability. Diagnostic delays lead to progressive neurological decline with associated reduction in quality of life for patients. Surgical decompression may halt neurologic worsening and, in many cases, improves function. Therefore, making a prompt diagnosis of DCM in order to facilitate early surgical intervention is a clinical priority in DCM. Conclusion: There are often extensive delays in the diagnosis of DCM. Presently, no single set of diagnostic criteria exists for DCM, making it challenging for clinicians to make the diagnosis. Earlier diagnosis and subsequent specialist referral could lead to improved patient outcomes using existing treatment modalities.
Developing Novel Therapies for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 7]: Opportunities From Restorative Neurobiology
Authors: Gharooni Aref-Ali , Kwon Brian K. , Fehlings Michael G. , Boerger Timothy F. , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Koljonen Paul Aarne , Kurpad Shekar N. , Harrop James S. , Aarabi Bizhan , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Wilson Jefferson R. , Davies Benjamin M. , Kotter Mark R. N. , Guest James D. 
Published: February 2022

Study design Narrative review. Objectives To provide an overview of contemporary therapies for the James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) question: ‘Can novel therapies, including stem-cell, gene, pharmacological and neuroprotective therapies, be identified to improve the health and wellbeing of people living with DCM and slow down disease progression?’ Methods A review of the literature was conducted to outline the pathophysiology of DCM and present contemporary therapies that may hold therapeutic value in 3 broad categories of neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, and neuromodulation. Results Chronic spinal cord compression leads to ischaemia, neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal loss. Surgical intervention may halt progression and improve symptoms, though the majority do not make a full recovery leading to lifelong disability. Neuroprotective agents disrupt deleterious secondary injury pathways, and one agent, Riluzole, has undergone Phase-III investigation in DCM. Although it did not show efficacy on the primary outcome modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale, it showed promising results in pain reduction. Regenerative approaches are in the early stage, with one agent, Ibudilast, currently in a phase-III investigation. Neuromodulation approaches aim to therapeutically alter the state of spinal cord excitation by electrical stimulation with a variety of approaches. Case studies using electrical neuromuscular and spinal cord stimulation have shown positive therapeutic utility. Conclusion There is limited research into interventions in the 3 broad areas of neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, and neuromodulation for DCM. Contemporary and novel therapies for DCM are now a top 10 priority, and whilst research in these areas is limited in DCM, it is hoped that this review will encourage research into this priority.
Assessing the Clinical Consequences of Untreated Caries in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children with Pufa Index
Authors: Gören Berrin Deniz , Derelioğlu Sera Şimşek , Yılmaz Sinan 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the oral health conditions of 8- to 10-year-old students in the mixed dentition stage in Erzurum, Turkey, by determining their dental caries’ status and the soft tissue damages by untreated caries. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two randomly selected schools in the residential areas populated predominantly by families with mid-and-low socioeconomic levels. A total of 586 children, 275 girls, and 365 boys with a mean age of 8.95 ± 0.8 participated in the study. Number of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth in the permanent dentition/number of decayed and filled teeth in the primary dentition (DMFT/dft) and visible pulpal involvement (P/p), ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments (U/u), fistula (F/f) and abscess (A/a) (PUFA)/pufa indices are included in the clinical examination section of the study. Obtained data were analyzed with SPSS (IBM Corp. 2013, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY). Results: Our research revealed a DMFT score of 2.43 ± 1.7, dft 4.12 ± 2.7, pufa 0.75 ±1.2, PUFA 0.05± 0.24, a caries frequency of 96.1, PUFA/pufa frequency of 40.9, and untreated caries PUFA/pufa ratio was found as 13.3%. A significant difference with positive correlation was found between d and pufa scores ( P < .01). Increasing DMFT, decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) in the permanent dentition, and decreasing dft, decayed, and filled surfaces (dfs) in the primary dentition, and pufa scores with the age increment were found to be significant ( P < .05). Conclusion: The frequency of soft tissue damage associated with untreated caries, caries index scores, and frequency of dental caries was found to be quite high in the study population consisting of children belonging to families with similar socioeconomic status.
Decrease in incidence of oral anticoagulant-related intracerebral hemorrhage over the past decade in the Netherlands
Authors: Peeters Michaël TJ , Vroman Florence , Schreuder Tobien AHCML , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , Staals Julie 
Published: February 2022

Background Data on oral anticoagulant-related (OAC) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) incidence are scarce. Most studies on incidence time trends were performed before the introduction of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs). Between 2008 and 2018, the number of OAC-users in the Netherlands increased by 63%, with the number of DOAC-users almost equaling that of Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA)-users. We aimed to determine the recent total and OAC-related ICH incidence and assess changes over the last decade, including the effect of DOAC introduction. Methods All adult non-traumatic ICH patients presenting in any of three hospitals in the enclosed region of South-Limburg, the Netherlands, were retrospectively included, during two 3-year time periods: 2007–2009 and 2017–2019. OAC-related ICH was defined as ICH in patients using VKAs or DOACs. We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) between the two study periods. Results In the 2007–2009 period, we registered 652 ICHs of whom 168 (25.8%) were OAC-related (all VKA). In the 2017–2019 period, we registered 522 ICHs, 121 (23.2%) were OAC-related (70 VKA and 51 DOAC). In 2007–2009, the annual incidence of total ICH and OAC-related ICH was 40.9 and 10.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, which decreased to 32.4 and 7.5 per 100,000 person-years in 2017–2019. The IRR for total ICH and OAC-related ICH was 0.67 (95%-CI: 0.60–0.75) and 0.58 (0.46–0.73), respectively. Conclusion Both total ICH and OAC-related ICH incidence decreased over the past decade in South-Limburg, the Netherlands, despite the aging population and increasing number of OAC-users. The introduction of DOACs, and possibly an improved cardiovascular risk management and change in OAC prescription pattern, could explain these findings.
The Contribution of a Solid Breast Mass Gray-Scale Histographic Analysis in Ascertaining a Benign-Malignant Differentiation
Authors: Ucar Huseyin , Kacar Emre , Karaca Rukan 
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of a fat-lesion histographic analysis (FLHA) to make a benign-malignant differentiation, for patients with a breast mass. In addition, it was important to examine the relationship between FLHA rates and Breast Imaging–Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scoring. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted by examining the breast ultrasonograms (BUS) and histopathologic data of 76 women, having at least one solid breast mass. The patients were grouped according to their histopathologic diagnoses and BUS BI-RADS scores. The recorded digital gray-scale images were transferred to a workstation to quantitatively measure tissue echogenicity. The breast masses and adjacent adipose tissue were evaluated using the ImageJ analysis program, and gray-scale histographic analysis values were generated. The FLHA rate was determined by dividing the fat tissue histographic value by the mass-lesion histographic value. Statistical analysis was performed using this value as well as the patients’ histopathologic data and BUS BI-RADS score. Results: A complementary effect was noted using FLHA rates with the BUS BI-RADS criteria, and a statistically significant difference was detected between benign and malignant histopathology groups ( P < .001). Similarly, the malignant histopathologic diagnosis with BI-RADS 4 and benign histopathologic diagnosis with BI-RADS 4 groups were related ( P < .001). The correlation between BI-RADS criteria and FLHA rates demonstrated a significant difference between BI-RADS 3 and BI-RADS 5 ( P < .001), and BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5 for FLHA rates ( P = .002). Conclusion: It was determined that using the FLHA rate was a complement to the BUS BI-RADS criteria. In this cohort, there was a statistically significant difference in predicting possible malignancy in all BI-RADS classes.
The Sonographic Evaluation of Gestational Age: A Comparative Study Utilizing Different Biometric Measurement Indices and Fetal Kidney Length
Authors: Dahmarde Hamid , Noori Jafar 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Various indices have been introduced for estimating sonographic gestational age and have demonstrated varied diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of fetal kidney length (FKL) with some other traditional measurement parameters in determining an accurate gestational age. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, healthy pregnant women, who had completed a scheduled and routine obstetrical sonogram, were included. During the sonogram, the measurement indices, biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), crown rump length (CRL), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), and FKL were analyzed. The obstetrical measurements had been taken every 4 weeks from the 20th week of the pregnancy, until the end of the pregnancy (e.g., 20th, 24th, 28th, 32nd, 36th, 40th weeks). After data collection, the measurement data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: There were significant ( P < .05) high strength of associations between FKL and the routine measurements of BPD ( r = 0.668), AC ( r = 0.770), CRL ( r = 0.792), HC ( r = 0.791), and FL ( r = 0.803). Conclusion: These results suggest possible significant positive relationships between FKL and BPD, AC, CRL, HC, and FL. It can be assumed that FKL might be a suitable index for determining gestational age especially in the late second and third trimester, when other measurement indices are less accurate.
First-degree relationships and genotyping errors deciphered by a high-density SNP array in a Duroc × Iberian pig cross
Authors: Gomez-Raya L. , Gómez Izquierdo E. , de Mercado de la Peña E. , Garcia-Ruiz F. , Rauw W.M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Two individuals with a first-degree relationship share about 50 percent of their alleles. Parent–offspring relationships cannot be homozygous for alternative alleles (genetic exclusion).

Methods
Applying the concept of genetic exclusion to HD arrays typed in animals for experimental purposes or genomic selection allows estimation of the rate of rejection of first-degree relationships as the rate at which two individuals typed for a large number of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) do not share at least one allele. An Expectation–Maximization algorithm is applied to estimate parentage. In addition, genotyping errors are estimated in true parent–offspring relationships. Samples from nine candidate Duroc sires and 55 Iberian dams producing 214 Duroc × Iberian barrows were typed for the HD porcine Affymetrix array.

Results
We were able to establish paternity and maternity of 75 and 85 piglets, respectively. Rate of rejection in true parent–offspring relationships was estimated as 0.000735. This is a lower bound of the genotyping error since rate of rejection depends on allele frequencies. After accounting for allele frequencies, our estimate of the genotyping error is 0.6%. A total of 7,744 SNPs were rejected in five or more true parent–offspring relationships facilitating identification of “problematic” SNPs with inconsistent inheritance in multiple parent–offspring relationships.

Conclusions
This study shows that animal experiments and routine genotyping in genomic selection allow to establish or to verify first-degree relationships as well as to estimate genotyping errors for each batch of animals or experiment.
Mechanisms of magnoliae cortex on treating sarcopenia explored by GEO gene sequencing data combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Zhao Xingqi , Yuan Feifei , Wan Haoyang , Qin Hanjun , Jiang Nan , Yu Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Administration of Magnoliae Cortex (MC) could induce remission of cisplatin-induced sarcopenia in mice, however, whether it is effective on sarcopenia patients and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
Sarcopenia related differentially expressed genes were analysed based on three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) transcriptome profiling datasets, which was merged and de duplicated with disease databases to obtain sarcopenia related pathogenic genes. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were than performed to analyse the role of proteins encoded by sarcopenia related pathogenic genes and the signal regulatory pathways involved in. The main active components and target proteins of MC were obtained by searching traditional Chinese medicine network databases (TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM). MC and sarcopenia related pathogenic genes shared target proteins were identified by matching the two. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed subsequently, and the core proteins were filtered according to the topological structure. GO and KEGG analysis were performed again to analyse the key target proteins and pathways of MC in the treatment of sarcopenia, and build the herbs-components-targets network, as well as core targets-signal pathways network. Molecular docking technology was used to verify the main compounds-targets.

Results
Sarcopenia related gene products primarily involve in aging and inflammation related signal pathways. Seven main active components (Anonaine, Eucalyptol, Neohesperidin, Obovatol, Honokiol, Magnolol, and beta-Eudesmol) and 26 target proteins of MC-sarcopenia, of which 4 were core proteins (AKT1, EGFR, INS, and PIK3CA), were identified. The therapeutic effect of MC on sarcopenia may associate with PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, longevity regulating pathway, and other cellular and innate immune signaling pathways.

Conclusion
MC contains potential anti-sarcopenia active compounds. These compounds play a role by regulating the proteins implicated in regulating aging and inflammation related signaling pathways, which are crucial in pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Our study provides new insights into the development of a natural therapy for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.