bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic-like Experiences during COVID-19 Outbreak: A survey from Pakistan
Authors: Ullah I. , Arain F. , Tohid A. , Ahmad A. , Jawad M. , Awan A. , Javaid A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite the fact that adolescents have been at higher risk of distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of pandemic on psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is not well described.ObjectivesThe study’s objective is to evaluate if PLEs are induced in young individuals aged 18-24 during the pandemic.MethodsA total of 201 college students from Pakistan (ages 18-24) were recruited for a cross-sectional research. We investigated the incidence of PLEs in Pakistan during the pandemic, their links to socio-demographic factors, COVID-19-related characteristics, depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties. Community Assessment of Psychic Experience’s positive symptom component (CAPE), Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and IBM SPSS 25 were used.ResultsCAPE-Frequency and CAPE-stress were positively associated with PHQ total (p<0.0010); GAD total (p<0.001); time spent indoors due to COVID-19 (p<0.001). Psychiatric disorder other than bipolar disorder or psychosis (p<0.001 for CAPE-frequency and stress), family history of psychiatric disorders (p<0.001 for CAPE-frequency and stress), chronic medical disease (p=0.021 CAPE-frequency and p=0.026 CAPE-stress), illegal drug usage (p<0.001 for CAPE-frequency and stress) were associated with CAPE-Frequency and CAPE-stress. In linear stepwise regression analysis, the best model predicted CAPE-Frequency explained 77.4% of variance with the following variables: PHQ total (B=0.552, SE= 0.08, t=6.909, p<0.001), GAD total (p<0.001), duration at home (p<0.001), and psychiatric disorder in family (p<0.001).ConclusionsPLEs have been linked with anxiety and depression during the pandemic. Individuals with a mental condition, family history of psychiatric disorder, chronic medical illness, illicit drug use, and increased time spent at home experienced more PLEs and stress.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An observational naturalistic study on non-suicidal self-harm behaviours in a cohort of adolescents and young inpatients during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Orsolini L. , Ribuoli E. , Fiordelmondo E. , Appignanesi C. , Martino L. , Salvi V. , Volpe U. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNon-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) include deliberate behaviours with the intent to self-injure. NSSH prevalence ranges 15.5%-31.3% in adolescents and young adults<25 years-old.ObjectivesOur aim is characterizing the psychopathological domains occurring in adolescent and young adults with NSSH during the second COVID-19-related wave (October 2020-August 2021).MethodsA cross-sectional study recruited inpatients aged 15-24 consecutively afferent to psychiatric ward due to NSSH, by investigating anger rumination(ARS), emotional regulation (DERS), dissociation (DES-II), metacognitive capabilities(MCQ-30), perceived stress (PSS), self-criticism (LOSCS), emotional intelligence (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test-RMET), aggressiveness (AQ), impulsiveness (BIS-11), hopelessness(BHS), alexithymia (TAS-20). NSSH were characterized by using suicide score scale(SSS) and deliberate self-harm interview (DSHI).ResultsA 7-fold increase in young inpatient access was observed from 2019 to 2021. DSHI median was 2 (95%CI=1,17-2,73), SSS-12months median was 5 (95%CI=4.2-6.7), SSS-lifetime median was 5 (95%CI=3.4-5.3) and MINI median was 5 (95%CI=3.4-4.7). Linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlations revealed strong correlations between DSHI and BHS (r=0.550), TAS-20 (r=0.495), AQ-hostility(r=0.529),AQ-total (r=0.446), PSS(r=0.454), DERS-total (r=0.621), DERS-lack_of_control
(r=0.658),MCQ-total(r=0.534),MCQ-perception_danger_not_

control (r=0.583); between SSS-12months and AQ-total (r=0.456), AQ-Anger (r=0.443), BIS-total(r=0.457),BIS-Attentional-Impulsiveness (r=0.511),BIS-Complex-Motor-Impulsiveness (r=0.507), PSS (r=0.617), DERS(r=0.571), DES(r=0.559).ConclusionsCOVID-19-related increased perceived stress and depressive symptomatology may have facilitated the onset of severe NSSH in adolescents and young people with trait impulsiveness, hostility and affective dysregulation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Procalcitonin as new inflammatory mediator in cases of 1st episode drug naive major depressive disorder: a case-control study
Authors: El Sayed S. , Gomaa S. , Gomaa Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionProcalcitonin (PCT) is the prohormone of calcitonin.Whereas calcitonin is only produced in the C cells of thethyroid gland as a result of hormonal stimulus, PCT is secreted by different cells from numerous organs in response to proinflammatory stimulation, particularly bacterial overactivity,also procalcitonin level might be elevated during the depressive episode as a result of inflammatory theory.PCT assessment is not fully studied in different psychaiatric disorders and particularly in major depressive disorder.Objectives1-To study the level of Procalcitonin level in 1st episode drug naive major depressive disorder. 2-To investigate the relation between procalcitonin level and cognitive dysfunctions in these patients 3-To illustrate the role of PCT in psychopathology of Major depressive disorderMethods1-Socio-demographic data of the target group of patients 2-Psychiatric evaluation using DSM 5 diagnostic criteria 3-Hamilton rating scale of Depression 4-Laboratory assessment of Procalcitonin level (PCT) using VIDAS® B·R·A·H·M·S PCT™ 5-Cogintive evaluation using novel battery of THINC-ITResults1-Elevated level of Procalcitonin(PCT) in the targeted patients in comparison to control group 2-The level of PCT is positively associated with the cognitive dysfuctions reported in these patients. 3-The severity of depressive psychopathology is related positively to the elevated level of PCTConclusionsProcalcitonin (PCT) assessment played an importnat role in the etiopathogenesis of 1st episode drug naive major depressive disorder,also it has a crucial role in the cognitive dysfunctions commonly reported in these patientsDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Safety of concomitant tranylcypromine treatment during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) series
Authors: Kavakbasi E. , Ciftci G.M. , Tonkul M. , Baune B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTranylcypromine (TCP), an irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), is recommended for difficult-to-treat depression. Besides the requirement of a low-tyramine diet, there are concerns about the safety of TCP treatment during anaesthesia and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). For safety reasons, many psychiatrists prefer to terminate TCP before ECT.ObjectivesTo assess the safety of tranylcypromine treatment during ECT series in patients with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD).MethodsIn this retrospective study we report on n=19 patients, who were treated with tranylcypromine during the ECT series. ECT parameters, clinical and safety data were obtained from our clinical database.ResultsMean age of patients was 51 years (range 29-77) at time of the first ECT sessions. 58 % (n=11) of patients were female. In total, 198 ECT sessions were analysed (mean 11, median 9,5 per patient). Mean TCP dose was 44 mg at time of first ECT (median 43). Concomitant TCP and ECT treatments were well tolerated during the entire ECT series. In one case TCP treatment was discontinued due to self-limiting bigeminus during the ECT session. In another case TCP and other drugs as well as the ECT series were stopped after the patient developed delirium. At the end of ECT series the mean TCP dosage was 37 mg.ConclusionsTranylcypromine appears to be safe during ECT series and does not necessarily have to be terminated prior to electroconvulsive therapy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Late 1800s Fringe Electrotherapeutic Devices: Comparative Electrical Capabilities
Authors: Cox D. , Carr B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDesperation for cure led to 19th century invention-- electrotherapeutic devices; replete with hyperbolic claims of cure-all, perceived ineffectiveness, and potential harm rendered the modality as quackery but were used in early brain stimulation, melancholia treatment, and cortex mapping. Here, antique devices are restored, and their electrophysiological qualities ascertained.ObjectivesDetermine the comparative capabilities of these devices in delivering electrostimulation and compare with modern standards to understand possible electrophysiological sequelae.MethodsDevices known as “medical batteries” were analyzed. Power delivery utilized a “voltaic battery”, simple circuit, and a conductor wrapped around an iron core. When the circuit is energized, the core is magnetized by direct current of the battery which induces an alternating current that electrifies probes used on the body. Due to their marked age, a common 9-volt battery was exchanged for the corrosive dry cell paste batteries. Electrical parameters were then measured.ResultsTable 1
Device
Frequency (Hz)
Resistance (Ohms)
Max Output (Amps)
Min Output (Amps)
Max Output (Volts)Min Output (Volts)Voltampa2k – 12K600.660.3360V20VJ.H. Bunnell & Co.’s No. 4 D.D.7k-10k5060.4300V20VSchall & Son
(London)b300-12004010.52.75420V110VConclusionsDevices for electrotherapeutics ranged from anemic vibrations to dangerous tetany inducing shocks. Measuring the capabilities of these devices shows the robust yields possible if the original higher capacity batteries were utilized. The reality is, cure or not, the devices were surprisingly potent. It is interesting that, albeit unrefined, efficacious doses were available before modern electrification.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Portuguese General Directorate of Health (ASR-MH-COVID19) - Development and validation
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabacos C. , Soares S. , Pacheco M.J. , Manão A. , Araújo A. , Amaral A.P. , Sousa R. , Macedo A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 crisis has generated an increasing stress throughout the population.ObjectivesTo develop and validate the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Portuguese General Directorate of Health (GDH) (ASR-MH-COVID19).MethodsThe items content was based on the GDH guides for the prevention of mental health and psychosocial well-being of the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. After content and facial validity analysis, the preliminary version of the ASR-MH-COVID19 (8 items to be answered on a Likert scale) was completed by 413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272), in September-December 2020 (Sample1) and then by 967 (70.9% female; mean age=34.02±14,272), in February-May 2021 (Sample2). Sample1 was randomly divided in two sub-samples. Sample1A was used for exploratory factor analysis/EFA and Sample1B for confirmatory factor analysis/CFA; CFA was then replicated with Sample2. The online surveys also included the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations of Portuguese GDH to minimize the impact of COVID-19 (ASR-COVID-19; Pereira et al. 2020).ResultsCFAs were informed by EFA and showed that the unidimensional model presented acceptable-good fit indexes (Sample1B: χ2/df=2.747; RMSEA=.0980, p<.001; CFI=.973; TLI=.918, GFI=.972; Sample2: χ2/df=3.327; RMSEA=.0490, p<.001; CFI=.993; TLI=.983, GFI=.990). Cronbach’s alfas were α<.850. Pearson correlations between ASR-MH-COVID19 and ASR-COVID19 were significant (p<.01) and moderate-high for the total (r=.753) and dimensional scores (Distance and respiratory hygiene, r=.739; House and personal hygiene, r=.584; Use of remote services and isolation r=.425).ConclusionsThe new ASR-MH-COVID19 has shown validity and reliability, allowing the investigation of this (mental) health behaviour.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Relationship between personality, adherence to (mental) health behaviours and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabacos C. , Soares S. , Araújo A. , Manão A. , Amaral A.P. , De Sousa R. , Macedo A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPublic health authorities around the world have been disseminating messages to support mental health and psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Portuguese guidelines, we have developed the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic (ASR-MH-COVID19) to better understand this health behaviour.ObjectivesTo analyse the relationship between sociodemographics, personality traits, Adherence (to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic) and psychological distress.Methods413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272) completed an on-line survey, in September-December 2020, including sociodemographic questions, ASR-MH-COVID19, NEO-FFI-20 and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Health Perception Scale.ResultsAdherence scores did not significantly differ by gender, age and years of education. Women presented higher DASS and Neuroticism scores (p<.01). Adherence were negatively correlated with Neuroticism (r=-.247) and with Depression/Anxiety/Stress (all r».-200), positively with Openness to Experience (r=.174), Conscientiousness (r=.194) and Perceived Health (Physical, r=.173 and Psychological, r=.215) (all p<.01). Mediation analysis (Hays’ Macro Process - Model 4) revealed that Adherence is a partial mediator between Openness and DASS and Conscientiousness and DASS; when considering Neuroticism, only the direct effect was significant. The effect of Perceived Health (both Physical and Psychological) on DASS was also mediated by Adherence.ConclusionsThe Health Behaviour Model proposes a pathway linking personality and health that applies to these results about adherence and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and perceived health (also a trait) influence both adherence to mental health behaviours and psychological distress. Understanding personality is vital for health care providers.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Educational Attainment Inequalities in Depressive Symptoms in More Than 100 000 Individuals in Europe
Authors: Chlapecka A. , Kagstrom A. , Cermakova P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIncreasing educational attainment (EA) could decrease the occurrence of depression. We investigated the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in older individuals across four European regions.Objectives1) examine association between EA and depressive symptoms 2) determine, if there is an upper limit to this association 3) explore regional and demographic differences within this relationship across EuropeMethodsWe studied 108 315 Europeans (54 % women, median age 63 years old) in Europe assessing EA and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression estimated the association between EA and depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors; testing for sex/age/region and education interactions.ResultsHigher EA was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, independent of sociodemographic and health-related factors. A threshold of the lowest odds of depressive symptoms was detected at the first stage of tertiary education (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.55-0.65; p<0.001; relative to no education). Central and Eastern Europe showed the strongest association (OR for high vs. low education 0.37; 95% CI 0.33-0.40; p<0.001) and Scandinavia the weakest (OR for high vs. low education 0.69; 95% CI 0.60-0.80; p<0.001). The association was strongest amongst younger individuals. There was a sex and education interaction only within Central and Eastern Europe.ConclusionsLevel of EA is reflected in later-life depressive symptoms, suggesting that supporting individuals in achieving EA, and considering those with lower EA at increased risk for depression, could lead to decreased burden of depression across the life-course. Further educational support in Central and Eastern Europe may decrease the higher burden of depressive symptoms in women.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Value and Challenges of Implementing Patient Centered Measures in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting
Authors: Scanferla E. , Gorwood P. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Measuring and interpreting outcome is challenging in mental health services than in some other areas of health care. Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) explore results of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) in psychiatric hospital settings, (2) describe the relation between generic PROMs (measure of well-being) and specific PROMs (disorder-specific symptom assessments), (3) describe the congruence between patients and clinicians evaluation of the care experience (based on Patients reported experience measures and Clinician reported experience measures). Methods: A total of 269 consecutive patients participated in this study. Results: (1) Subjective experience of well-being (outcome) improved after hospitalisation (+15%, avg). High satisfaction with subjective experience of care (85%, avg). (2) Significant correlation between patients’ assessment of subjective well-being (generic PROMs) and clinical improvement (specific PROMs) (p <0.007). (3) Significant correlation between patient and clinician experience of care (p= 0.002). Conclusions: One of the first French studies on the use of standardised PROMs and PREMs in psychiatric hospital settings. Results suggest that subjective well-being measures complement the assessment of the patient’s clinical symptoms and social functioning. The effectiveness of care depends on the consideration of these three dimensions. The use of core patient-reported measures, as part of systematic measurement and performance monitoring in mental health care, provides valuable input to the clinicians’ practice.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Are allergic diseases and internalizing and externalizing behaviours in children related? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gonzalez-Fraile E. , Berzosa-Grande M.P. , Sánchez-López R. , Soria-Oliver M. , Rueda-Esteban S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe prevalence of allergies in children has grown in last few decades. Allergies are very often associated with physical, mental, and emotional problems that could be detected through child’s behaviour and feelings.Objectivesto describe and compare children’s behaviour (internalizing and externalizing) across a sample of children aged 6–11 years with and without allergic diseases.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional observational case-control study. A survey to 366 families (194 allergic cases and 172 controls), including a child behaviour checklist (CBCL) and a socio-demographic questionnaire with questions related to family, school education, health conditions and allergy symptoms, was administered.ResultsChildren with a diagnosis of allergy showed higher scores in the overall CBCL score (standardised mean differences [SMD]= 0.47; confidence intervals [CI]: 0.26–0.68) and in the internalizing and externalizing factors (SMD=0.52 and SMD=0.36, respectively) than non-allergic children. Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed a higher risk (OR=2.76; 95% CI [1.61 to 4.72]) of developing a behavioural difficulty in children diagnosed with allergies. Age and level of asthma appear as modulatory variables.ConclusionsChildren aged 6–11 years diagnosed with allergies showed larger behavioural problems than non-allergic children. This relationship is stronger in internalizing behaviours. These findings suggest the importance of attending to them and treating them in the early stages of diagnosis to avoid future psychological disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neuroticism, Empathy, and Internet Addiction in Different Roles in Cyberbullying
Authors: Soldatova G. , Chigarkova S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionResearch on cyberbullying has focused on the psychological characteristics of victims and aggressors, but the important roles of bystanders and defenders have not been sufficiently explored (Escortell et al., 2020; Polanco-Levican, Salvo-Garrido, 2021; Schultze-Krumbholz et al., 2018).ObjectivesThe aim is to compare neuroticism, empathy, and Internet addiction in adolescents in different roles in cyberbullying.Methods1505 adolescents aged 12-17 years old from 8 Federal regions in Russia appraised their experience of cyberbullying (as aggressors, victims, passive bystanders and defenders) using vignettes and filled Aggression Questionnaire (Buss, Perry, 1992), Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling et al., 2003; Egorova, Parshikova,2016); Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1983; Karyagina, Kukhtova, 2016) and Chen Internet Addiction Scale (in adaptation Malygin, Feklisov, 2011).ResultsMore than one-third of adolescents (37%) reported experience of cyberbullying in different roles, mostly as passive bystanders (52%). Among the active roles were 30% defenders, 10% victims and 7% aggressors. Aggressors have the lowest empathy scores on the scales of Fantasy (F= 5.424, p=0.001) and Empathic Concern (F= 2.914, p=0.034) and Neuroticism (F= 3.060, p=0.028), while defenders, on the contrary, have the highest levels. The level of these psychological characteristics in victims is lower than in defenders and bystanders. These results are coherent with a number of studies (Escortell et al., 2020; Schultze-Krumbholz et al., 2018). There are no significant differences in Internet addiction between adolescents in different cyberbullying roles.ConclusionsResults can be used to effective intervention and prevention of cyberbullying based on specific personality role profiles. The research was supported by RSF (project No. 18-18-00365)DisclosureThis work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project # 18-18-00365.
Neurocognitive features of children and adolescents with different levels of multitasking
Authors: Soldatova G. , Vishneva A. , Koshevaya A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe spread of media multitasking in the modern world determines researcher’s interest in studying the neurocognitive development features of children who strive to act in this mode since childhood (Minear et al., 2013; Uncapher et al., 2016).ObjectivesThe aim is to study neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with single-tasking and multitasking.MethodsQuasi-experiment was conducted among 154 children of three age groups (7-10; 11-13; 14-16) and included simultaneous tasks performance on a computer and a smartphone. Neuropsychological indicators were studied (Akhutina, 2016): programming and control, serial organization, visual and auditory-speech memory, neurodynamics. The behavior social modeling and executive functions were studied with WISC (Information and Comprehension subtests) and Dots-test (Akhutina et al., 2017). The multitaskers groups were identified according to the number of returns to tasks: single-taskers (42.9%), single-taskers with multitasking elements (1-2 returns) (40.9%), multitaskers (3 and more returns) (16.2%).ResultsThe number of multitaskers increased by adolescence. In children aged 7-10 single-taskers were more productive than multitaskers in programming, switchability, the volume of auditory-speech and visual memory, neurodynamics. They performed Dots-test faster. At the age of 11-13, multitaskers had higher scores on the Comprehension subtest and higher verbal activity when composing a story. Regulation and switchability errors in multitaskers aged 11-13 were episodic. At the age of 14-16 multitaskers were more productive in some parameters of switchability.ConclusionsIn primary school single-taskers have a neurocognitive advantage, but by adolescence differences are leveled, and in some parameters multitaskers are ahead of single-taskers. The study was funded by RFBR, project No. 19-29-14181.DisclosureThe reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 19-29-14181.