bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elemental analysis of aircraft engine smoke number filter samples with micro-PIXE
Authors: Saitoh K. , Fushimi A. , Matsuyama S. , Miwa M. , Toyama S. , Kikuchi Y. , Durdina L. , Anet J.G. , Edebeli J. , Spirig C. , Takegawa N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To extract information on elemental components and PM characteristics from smoke number (SN) filter paper, we were performed elemental analysis by micro-PIXE. As a result of elemental analysis of the SN filter, information on the elemental composition of jet engine exhaust PM was obtained. Regarding the SN filter, jet engine exhaust PM have been collected for each difference in engine thrust of various aircraft engines at aircraft turbine engines test cells around the world. By periodically analyzing the elemental composition of such the SN filter, it is possible to grasp the characteristics of the emission PM of each aircraft engine and the transformation of the elemental composition of the emission PM with the passage of time of the jet engine. This was thought to lead to the evaluation of jet engine.
MeV-proton capillary microbeam PIXE mapping study of solution diffusion in paper
Authors: Wongke S , Yu L D , Tippawan U 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A tapered glass capillary MeV-ion microbeam setup, previously home-developed, was recently upgraded. To check the upgraded microbeam system quality and accuracy, microbeam particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) mapping of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution diffusion in filter paper was carried out to study how the measured solvent diffusion followed the diffusion laws. Two initial boundary conditions and diffusion situations were applied: (1) the paper vertically placed in air with one end soaked in the solution for ten minutes, and (2) the paper horizontally placed on water with the solution dropped at a side of the paper for three minutes. 2-MeV-proton microbeam PIXE analyzed the paper pixel by pixel and the GUPIXWIN software was used to calculate the elemental concentrations in the pixels to map the concentration changes in the pixels as a function of the distance between the pixel position and the origin of the solution. The resulting maps demonstrated the solution diffusions in two cases indeed well following the diffusion laws, a steady-state diffusion dominated process where the elemental concentration was a linear function with the distance but joined by other non-diffusion factors for case 1, and a pure diffusion process where the elemental concentration was an error function with the distance for case 2.
Automated total micro-IBA using Advanced Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Solis-Lerma D , Khodja H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have developed a Python code that aims at automatizing the analysis of generic micro-IBA data by associating statistical methods and machine learning algorithms. The code is organized in two parts: hyperspectral image analysis and composition prediction. In the first stage, main phases and local anomalies are detected separately using PCA and DWEST methods, respectively. In the prediction stage, we use the model generated by a trained artificial neural network. The network is fed with simulated particle and x-ray spectra generated from the SIMNRA and Gulys software codes. For particle spectra, we paid particular attention to the cross section selection that goes beyond already implemented SIMNRA functionalities. To limit the impact of the simulation time on the overall code performance, we make use of data augmentation. When using simulated data as input, we found that the trained neural network predicts stoichiometries and thicknesses with an excellent agreement, even for complex targets composed of several elements and layers. Regarding realistic experimental data, we still get reasonable predictions but remain dependant of cross section quality. The code can combine data from RBS, NRA, ERDA and PIXE and should pave the way for fully automatized micro-ion beam analysis.
Identification and determination of the relationship between elemental compounds of hair and fingernail by PIXE technique in Hamadan urban community, Iran
Authors: Gholami Hatam Ebrahim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The measurement of trace elements in nails and hairs has advantages relative to other body tissues and they have been increasingly used in forensic and clinical toxicology as a complementary test. Complementary hair and nail analysis can indicate the amount of elements in the body for long periods of time. In this study, hair and nail samples were collected from the city of Hamedan and the quantitative elemental concentration of samples was measured by PIXE technique. In hair samples of females, P had a significant difference with Cr and Ni, and a moderate difference with Co. The average amounts of Si, K, Cl, Al and Ca of hair samples in athletes were higher than normal people, in turn higher than addicted group. Ca content had a moderate difference between athlete and addicted groups. There was a weak difference between P-Ni and P-Co only for age ranges of 30-40 year. In female nail samples, P had a significant difference with Ca, Cr and Al. The existence of the meaningful difference in the Ca ratio in hair to nail samples can be used as a biomarker in forensic medicine.
PIXE studies of normal and SIV-infected rhesus macaque tissues: investigations of particulate matter
Authors: Whitlow H J , Henderson N , Greco R , Deoli N , Smith K M , Morgan K , Villinger F 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPositron Emission Tomography (PET) studies [1] of the evolution of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) (the monkey analogue of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have revealed that the SIV is localised in different organs at different stages of the infection. Promising routes to completely eradicate the HIV virus particles involve therapies that target the infection at the cellular level. Our previousμ-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (μ-PIXE) studies revealed very large variations in the contents of heavy minor and trace elements in the jejunum of control and SIV-infected subjects. These variations could be caused by factors such as the histological preparation and particles in chyme. The present work investigates particulate matter observed in the tissue sections in both the control and virus-infected subjects that dominated the variations in the mean elemental content determined byμ-PIXE. Detailed study of the PIXE data suggested the particles with size of 10’s ofμm were likely to be made up of agglomerated nano-particles. The measured composition of the particles was consistent with natural calcified particles in the brain (acervuli or “Brain sand”), tattoo ink in a mesenteric lymph node and silica in the liver.
Linear energy transfer (LET) spectroscopy and relative biological effect estimation by SiC-based dosimeter at clinical carbon-beam cancer therapy field
Authors: Yamaguchi Kohei , Yanagisawa Rio , Osaki Kohei , Ohki Yuya , Matsumura Akihiko , Sakai Makoto , Makino Takahiro , Ohshima Takeshi , Kada Wataru 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A radiation-tolerant silicon carbide (SiC) based dosimeter was developed for the measurement of linear energy transfer (LET) distributions along the Bragg curve for pristine and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) clinical carbon beam. Since the conventional ionized chamber is not suitable and effective for LET measurement, several energy-dispersive dosimeters are being developed and tested in the clinical field. While most of the detector lacks radiation hardness against carbon beam, we have utilized wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC with different epitaxial layers from 25, 69, and 170 μm as a dosimeter for the clinical carbon field at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center (GHMC). LET spectra were obtained not only for pristine carbon beams with an energy of 290 MeV/n but also SOBP conditions. It was confirmed through the changes in LET distribution, primally carbons and fragments are identified, and those energy depositions are successfully obtained by the fabricated SiC dosimeter. The distribution of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was estimated from LET through biological estimation models. Results suggested that SiC-based dosimeter is successful in being utilized in the detailed characterization of the clinical carbon therapy field.
The prototyping of a high-resolution neutron activation analysis system – based on a Pelletron accelerator and fast pneumatic sample-transport
Authors: Frost R J W , Elfman M , Kristiansson P , Lindsey-Clark J , Maurer C , Pallon J , Pédehontaa-Hiaa G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A new neutron activation analysis system is currently being designed at Lund University. The design incorporates a compact accelerator driven neutron source, based on a 3 MV Pelletron accelerator and a pneumatic sample conveyor to transport samples from the neutron source to a measurement station consisting of an array of high-purity Ge γ-ray detectors. A prototype for this new station is currently in operation, with a Genie 16 SODERN neutron generator used in place of the compact accelerator driven neutron source. Preliminary results from the prototype system are presented, alongside qualitative analysis supported by simulations performed in FISPACT-II. The system has been tested with the measurements of Al and In foils, using a PLA sample holder. The results demonstrate that activation products with half-lives of as little as 2 s can be measured. γ-rays from the 2 s isomer, 116n
In are clearly observed providing the irradiation and measurement times are appropriately chosen.
Hydrogen Concentration and Mechanical Dissipation upon Annealing in Zirconia-doped Tantala Thin Films for Gravitational Wave Observatory Mirrors
Authors: Lussier A.W. , Lalande É. , Chicoine M. , Lévesque C. , Roorda S. , Baloukas B. , Martinu L. , Vajente G. , Ananyeva A. , Schiettekatte F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sensitivity in instruments such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is limited by a noise originating from fluctuations linked to internal mechanical dissipation (IMD) in the amorphous thin films of their Bragg reflectors. We investigate the correlation between IMD, characterized by a loss angle, and the hydrogen concentration in a thin film made of Zr-doped tantalum oxide after annealing at different temperatures. The film was deposited by magnetron sputtering and the loss angle measured by gentle nodal suspension. The concentration of heavier elements was obtained by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The hydrogen concentration in the as-deposited and annealed samples was obtained by elastic recoil detection (ERD). We observe that the hydrogen atomic concentration gradually decreases from 2.0 ± 0.1% down to the detection limit at 0.2 ± 0.1% as we anneal to 650°C. We also find that the loss angle decreases by a factor of two over the same annealing temperature range, suggesting that the loss angle is correlated with the hydrogen concentration. However, the loss angle remains relatively high even when most of the hydrogen is desorbed. We conclude that the presence of hydrogen is not the main limiting factor for further reducing the IMD.
Experimental Research on Idle Combustion Noise of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Xu Zeyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Noise is one of the three major pollutants in the world, among which noise pollution complaints caused by fuel-powered vehicles account for more than 70%. Research on engine combustion noise is aimed at reducing pollution problems caused by it. Based on the Chinese national standard ‘Reciprocating internal combustion engines-Measurement method for combustion noise’, an experimental study on combustion noise of a certain type of diesel engine under idling conditions was carried out. In the test, by changing the calibration values of the engine, such as: pre-injection mass, rail pressure and other calibration parameters, the cylinder pressure at idle speed of the engine is calculated based on the theory of cylinder force. It is concluded that when the rotational speed is 750r/min, the increase of the pre-injection amount and the rail pressure leads to an increase in the mean value of the combustion parameters of each cylinder force stage and is concentrated in the high frequency part. This study provides a reference for optimizing the idling noise of diesel engines, which is conducive to reducing noise pollution in life.
Review of Key Technologies of mobile energy storage vehicle participating in distribution network dispatching under the high proportion of renewable energy access
Authors: Li Wenpei , Xiang Bin , Xiong Hu , Li Jiayuan , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With modern society’s increasing reliance on electric energy, rapid growth in demand for electricity, and the increasingly high requirements for power supply quality, sudden power outages are bound to cause damage to people’s regular order of life and the normal functioning of society. Currently, the commonly used emergency power protection equipment is mainly based on diesel generator sets, while there is also flywheel energy storage equipment in the application of emergency power protection. In today’s society, we strongly advocate green, energy-saving, and emission reduction background, and the demand for new mobile power supply systems becomes very urgent. Mobile energy storage vehicles can not only charge and discharge, but they can also facilitate more proactive distribution network planning and dispatching by moving around. The basic model and typical application scenarios of a mobile power supply system with battery energy storage as the platform are introduced, and the input process and key technologies of mobile energy storage devices under different operation modes are elaborated to provide strong support for further input and reasonable dispatch of mobile energy storage vehicles.
The Phase Selection of Three-phase Arc Fault Based on Improved TCN-LSTM
Authors: Zhao Liang , Yu Qiongfang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
According to the increasingly severe situation of electricity safety. Aiming at the difficulty in extracting arc fault features in low-voltage three-phase systems and the inconspicuous phase distinction, a three-phase arc fault phase selection method based on improved LSTM-TCN neural network is proposed. Firstly, the structure and activation function of Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) are improved according to the experimental data. Finally, the feature vectors obtained by the improved LSTM and the improved TCN are fused to determine the arc fault and the difference. The experimental results show that the model structure proposed in this paper can effectively extract the characteristics of three-phase arc faults and phases. It is of great significance to industrial and household electrical safety.
Bioactive Silvadur loaded polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes for wound dressing applications
Authors: Ayaz Maira , Salam Abdul , Khan Saif Ullah , Khan Muhammad Qamar , Hussain Tanveer , Kim Ick Soo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Persistent wounds are the most problematic for the patient as well as for the health system. Skin wounds are most exposed to bacterial attacks, which not only cause wound infections but also slow down the healing process. There is a dire need to develop a better wound dressing or scaffold material that can increase the wound healing process. This study involves the development of electrospun nanofibers based on Silvadur-loaded polyacrylonitrile membranes. Samples were developed by using five different concentrations (2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, and 10 wt%) of Silvadur loaded in PAN solution. Resultant nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and antibacterial tests. SEM analysis confirms that all the prepared electrospun nanofibrous membranes have smooth and beads-free surfaces. The average diameter of developed nanofibers lies in the range of 150 nm to 190 nm. It was confirmed that as the concentration of Silvadur increased the diameter of nanofibers also increased due to the increase in the viscosity of the electrospinning solution. FTIR interpretation confirms that the interaction between the PAN and Silvadur is physical, not chemical. XRD analysis reflects the crystallographic and macromolecular structure of prepared electrospun nanofibers. A qualitative antibacterial test was performed to check the antibacterial properties of prepared electrospun nanofibers against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia Coli) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus Aureus). The result reveals that nanofibers loaded with the maximum concentration of Silvadur show the maximum antibacterial activity of 92.25% against Escherichia Coli and 98.52% against Staphylococcus Aureus. The higher antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria is due to the thinner cell wall as compared to the gram-positive bacteria.
Single-stage augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization and thoracoscopic resection of small pulmonary nodules in a hybrid operating room
Authors: Yang Shun-Mao , Chung Wen-Yuan , Ko Hang-Jang , Chen Lun-Che , Chang Ling-Kai , Chang Hao-Chun , Kuo Shuenn-Wen , Ho Ming-Chih 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Hybrid operating rooms (HOR) have been increasingly used for image-guided lung surgery, and most surgical teams have used percutaneous localization for small pulmonary nodules. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization under endotracheal tube intubation general anaesthesia followed by thoracoscopic surgery as a single-stage procedure in ab HOR.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent single-stage augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization under general anaesthesia followed by thoracoscopic surgery in an HOR between August 2020 and March 2022.

RESULTS
Single-stage localization and resection were performed for 85 nodules in 74 patients. The median nodule size was 8 mm [interquartile range (IQR), 6–9 mm], and the median distance from the pleural space was 10.9 mm (IQR, 8–20 mm). All nodules were identifiable on cone-beam computed tomography images and marked transbronchially with indigo carmine dye (median markers per lesion: 3); microcoils were placed for deep margins in 16 patients. The median localization time was 30 min (IQR 23–42 min), and the median fluoroscopy duration was 3.3 min (IQR 2.2–5.3 min). The median radiation exposure (expressed as the dose area product) was 4303.6 μGym2 (IQR 2879.5–6268.7 μGym2). All nodules were successfully marked and resected, and the median global operating room time was 178.5 min (IQR 153.5–204 min). There were no localization-related complications, and the median length of postoperative stay was 1 day (IQR, 1–2 days).

CONCLUSIONS
Single-stage augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization under general anaesthesia followed by thoracoscopic surgery was feasible and safe.
Childhood adversity and cardiovascular disease in early adulthood: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Bengtsson Jessica , Elsenburg Leonie K , Andersen Gregers Stig , Larsen Mogens Lytken , Rieckmann Andreas , Rod Naja Hulvej 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
To examine the effect of childhood adversity on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between ages 16 and 38, specifically focusing on ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Methods and results
Register data on all children born in Denmark between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2001, who were alive and resident in Denmark without a diagnosis of CVD or congenital heart disease until age 16 were used, totalling 1 263 013 individuals. Cox proportional hazards and Aalen additive hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted hazard differences of CVD from ages 16 to 38 in five trajectory groups of adversity experienced between ages 0 and 15. In total, 4118 individuals developed CVD between their 16th birthday and 31 December 2018. Compared with those who experienced low levels of adversity, those who experienced severe somatic illness and death in the family (men: adjusted HR: 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–1.8, women: 1.4, 1.2–1.6) and those who experienced very high rates of adversity across childhood and adolescence (men: 1.6, 1.3–2.0, women: 1.6, 1.3–2.0) had a higher risk of developing CVD, corresponding to 10–18 extra cases of CVD per 100 000 person-years in these groups.

Conclusions
Individuals who have been exposed to childhood adversity are at higher risk of developing CVD in young adulthood compared to individuals with low adversity exposure. These findings suggest that interventions targeting the social origins of adversity and providing support for affected families may have long-term cardio-protective effects.
Inspiratory muscle training improves cardiopulmonary function in patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Xu Lin , Wei Jiafu , Liu Jiani , Feng Yuan , Wang Lu , Wang Shiqi , Li Qiao , He Sen , Chen Yong , Peng Yong , Bao Yun , Yang Xuemei , He Chengqi , Chen Mao , Wei Quan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) can increase the strength or endurance of the diaphragm and accessory muscles of inspiration, yet there is no evidence that endorses the role of IMT in patients of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This study for the first time tested the effects of IMT plus usual cardiac rehabilitation (CR) function in patients after TAVR.

Methods and results
A double-blinded, randomized controlled, single-centre clinical trial was undertaken. Participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of valve heart disease and were clinically stable after TAVR were recruited and received a CR programme during the hospital stay. A total of 96 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the IMT + CR group (n = 48) or the CR group (n = 48) in a 1:1 ratio. The group difference in the primary outcome, the 6-min walk distance at the discharge of the hospital, significantly favoured the IMT + CR group (mean difference −33.52, 95% CI: −64.42 to −2.62, P = 0.034). The significant difference was maintained at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups (mean difference: 41.51, 95% CI: 1.82–81.21, P = 0.041). In addition, the mean hospital stays of subjects in the IMT + CR group was 11 days, which was significantly shorter than the 12.5 days in the CR group (P = 0.016). Sensitivity analysis using per-protocol analysis supported these findings. No adverse treatment-related events were reported.

Conclusion
Compared with usual CR, IMT plus CR can effectively improve exercise endurance, pulmonary ventilation function, and inspiratory muscle strength in patients after TAVR and shorten the length of hospital stay.