bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic calibration of crack and flaking diseases in ancient temple murals
Authors: Deng Xiaochao , Yu Ying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many precious ancient murals are seriously deteriorated due to long-term environmental influences and man-made destructions. How to effectively protect ancient murals and restore these murals’ original appearance has become an urgent problem for field experts. Modern computer technology makes it possible to virtually restore the deteriorated areas in ancient murals. However, most existing mural restoration approaches require manual calibration of the deteriorated areas, which is very difficult and time-consuming. It has been noticed that the earth layer flaking and cracks are the most common problems of ancient temple murals. This paper proposes an automatic calibration method for the earth layer flaking and cracking deterioration of murals by taking temple murals from the Ming Dynasty in Zhilin Temple as the study object. First, we extract the texture and line features of the deteriorated murals by using multi-dimensional gradient detection in the HSV space. Then, a guided filter operation is employed to highlight the disease (deteriorated) areas and meanwhile suppress other unwanted areas, which helps to extract the flaked areas or cracked lines from the digital murals. The filtered images are segmented by using an automatic threshold to obtain the initial masks of the mural disease areas. Next, we use a two-dimensional tensor voting technique to connect the discontinuous edge curves of the extracted disease areas. Afterwards, the masks of flaking and cracking areas can be generated after morphological processing. Finally, we obtained the calibration results by adding the masks to the original digital murals. Experimental results show that our method can rapidly and accurately calibrate the cracks and the earth layer flaking diseases in the ancient murals. As compared to existing calibration approaches, our method can achieve better performance in subjective visual quality and objective evaluation metrics. Moreover, the method does not need human-computer interaction. This research work provides a solid foundation for the following virtual and practical restoration of ancient murals.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of current non-mandatory hepatitis B vaccination coverage vs expanding coverage among healthcare workers in Ethiopia
Authors: Tewuhibo Dinksew , Asmamaw Getahun , Ayenew Wondim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia is a country with high endemicity in Hepatitis B (HepB) virus infection. However, only 14% of healthcare workers (HCWs) are currently immunized via a non-mandatory strategy in the country. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the current vaccination coverage and increasing coverage among HCWs in Ethiopia.

Methods
Based on current practice, the study considered a monovalent HepB vaccine, which has a 90% protection rate with a complete three-dose series for lifelong protection. Markov model for current coverage (14%) and expanding vaccination coverage to 80% (as per World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation) was simulated based on the data got from both primary and secondary data. Secondary data, particularly cost and effectiveness data, were gained from published articles, WHO guidelines, and Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health documents. Cost-related data for vaccination and chronic HepB treatment were also gathered by interviewing expertise from Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital. We conducted the study from a healthcare payer perspective, with a 3% discount rate of cost and health outcome as recommended by the WHO. The primary health outcome was measured by the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). We employed deterministic analysis and tornado diagrams to manage parameter uncertainty and show a plausible range of cost and effectiveness of variables.

Results
Current vaccination program is more expensive (USD 29.99) with a more additional cost of USD 1.32 and with reduced effectiveness of 0.08 Life Years (LYs) compared to the expanded HepB vaccination strategy which costs USD 28.67 and gives a relatively high total LY gain of 28.62. The resulting ICER was USD-16.23 per LYs gained. The negative ICER shows that the expanded HepB vaccination strategy dominated the current vaccination strategy. A one-way sensitivity analysis also revealed that the current vaccine coverage was dominated by an increase in the risk of infection among unvaccinated individuals.

Conclusions
Expanded vaccination coverage (to 80%) was found the most cost-effective strategy in Ethiopian HCWs compared to the current non-mandatory vaccine coverage (14%). In addition, the results of one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis reveal the robustness of our model conclusion.
Magnitude of under-nutrition among under five children in Ethiopia based on 2019 Mini-Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey: Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM)
Authors: Raru Temam Beshir , Ayana Galana Mamo , Merga Bedasa Taye , Negash Belay , Deressa Alemayehu , Birhanu Abdi , Hassen Fila Ahmed , Roba Kedir Teji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Malnutrition is a major public health problem that is experienced by many developing countries, like Ethiopia. Though some studies were conducted to identify the magnitude and determinants of acute malnutrition among under-five children, there is a lack of evidence that is representative of all children in Ethiopia. Hence, this national-level data could be representative of all targets and provide us with updated information on the nation-wide magnitude of nutritional status among children under the age of five in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study used data from the 2019 Mini-Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Children aged 0–59 months with anthropometry data were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 15 software. Cross-tabulations and summary statistics were done to describe the study population. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to estimate the association between nutritional status and explanatory variables and were expressed as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Model comparison was done based on Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AIC and BIC).

Results
The magnitude of stunting was 37.71% [95%CI: 36.35–39.08], while the magnitude of wasting was 7.14% [95%CI: 6.52–7.91]. Living in Tigray [AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 2.05–4.11], Amhara [AOR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.41–2.79], having a child aged 24–35 [AOR = 3.79, 95%CI: 3.07–4.68], and being a rural resident were all significantly associated with stunting. Being born in Tigray [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02–3.01], being born into the richest family [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.27–0.80], and being born from mothers aged 25–29 [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.96] were all significantly associated with wasting.

Conclusion
The magnitude of stunting and wasting is relatively high in Ethiopia. Region, place of residence, and age of the child were significantly associated with stunting, and region, wealth index, and age of the child were significantly associated with wasting. This result provides a clue to give due consideration to under-five children to mitigate the risks of malnutrition through various techniques.
Successful management of a patient with preoperative respiratory failure due to a solid giant retroperitoneal tumor: a case report
Authors: Kinoshita Hirotaka , Hashiba Eiji , Uchida Satoshi , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
We report the successful preoperative management of respiratory failure in a patient with a solid giant retroperitoneal tumor with a hemodynamic monitoring system and nasal high-flow therapy (NHFT).

Case presentation
Twenty days before his scheduled resection of a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma, a 64-year-old man presented with dyspnea. After admission to our intensive care unit, he received NHFT and hemodynamic therapy using a LiDCOrapid V3™ monitor (Masimo Japan, Tokyo). NHFT and intense diuresis improved his respiratory condition. The tumor resection was performed on the 5th day. He was discharged to the general ward with an oxygen nasal cannula on the second postoperative day. Although preoperative transthoracic echography showed mild aortic regurgitation and moderate mitral regurgitation, the degree of regurgitation had become trivial about 1-month post-surgery.

Conclusions
A cause of preoperative respiratory failure associated with a giant retroperitoneal tumor might be not only diaphragmatic compression but also heart failure and excess fluid volume.
CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of a representative member of a novel PR10/Bet v1-like protein subfamily significantly reduces rice plant height and defense against Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Li Zhiwen , Huang Qiuling , Lin Borong , Guo Bin , Wang Jing , Huang Chunhui , Liao Jinling , Zhuo Kan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant PR10/Bet v1-like proteins are involved in defense against microbial pathogens, however, whether they participate in host defense against plant-parasitic animals including nematodes remains unknown. Here, according to the phylogeny, sequence-similarity, and secondary structure analyses, we found that the rice OsBet v1 protein and its homologs constitute a new subfamily of PR10/Bet v1-like protein. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay showed that OsBet v1 was highly expressed in rice roots and induced by Meloidogyne graminicola infection. Using a transient expression assay in rice protoplasts, we demonstrated that OsBet v1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of OsBet v1 significantly increased rice susceptibility to M. graminicola, but reduced rice plant height. In addition, the expression levels of two peroxidase genes (peroxidase 5 and peroxidase 56) were significantly down-regulated in OsBet v1 knockout mutants compared with those in wild-type rice plants. Taken together, this study identified a new PR10/Bet v1-like protein subfamily in plant and revealed the involvement of OsBet v1, a representative member of the subfamily, in rice growth and defense against M. graminicola. This provides a new insight into the role of plant PR10/Bet v1-like proteins in plant–nematode interactions.
Vitamin D, the immune system, and its relationship with diseases
Authors: Sanlier Nevin , Guney-Coskun Merve 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D is classified as an immunomodulatory hormone that is synthesized because of skin exposure to sunlight. It is known to come into play during the regulation of hormone secretion, immune functions, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Its deficiency can cause many diseases and their associated pleiotropic effects. In addition, in relation to its eminent function as regards adaptive immune response and innate immune response, vitamin D level is associated with immune tolerance.

Methods
Literature search prior to May 2021 was conducted through selected websites, including the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and EFSA.

Results
Vitamin D is found effective for the regulation of hormone secretion, immune functions, and cell proliferation along with differentiation. Its role as an immune modulator is based on the presence of receptors on many immune cells and the synthesis of its active metabolite from these cells. Vitamin D, an immune system modulator, inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates cell differentiation. A fair number of immune system diseases, encompassing autoimmune disorders alongside infectious diseases, can occur because of low serum vitamin D levels. Supplementation of vitamin D has positive effects in lessening the severity nature of disease activity; there exists no consensus on the dose to be used.

Conclusion
It is figured out that a higher number of randomized controlled trials are essential to evaluate efficacy pertaining to clinical cases, treatment duration, type, and dose of supplementation and pathophysiology of diseases, immune system functioning, and the effect of vitamin D to be administered.
Adapting a tobacco cessation treatment intervention and implementation strategies to enhance implementation effectiveness and clinical outcomes in the context of HIV care in Vietnam: a case study
Authors: Shelley Donna , Alvarez Gloria Guevara , Nguyen Trang , Nguyen Nam , Goldsamt Lloyd , Cleland Charles , Tozan Yesim , Shuter Jonathan , Armstrong-Hough Mari 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Smoking rates remain high in Vietnam, particularly among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), but tobacco cessation services are not available in outpatient HIV clinics (OPCs). The research team is conducting a type II hybrid randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the cost-effectiveness of three tobacco cessation interventions among PLWH receiving care in HIV clinics in Vietnam. The study is simultaneously evaluating the implementation processes and outcomes of strategies aimed at increasing the implementation of tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) in the context of HIV care. This paper describes the systematic, theory-driven process of adapting intervention components and implementation strategies with demonstrated effectiveness in high-income countries, and more recently in Vietnam, to a new population (i.e., PLWH) and new clinical setting, prior to launching the trial.

Methods
Data collection and analyses were guided by two implementation science frameworks and the socio-ecological model. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 health care providers and 24 patients in three OPCs. Workflow analyses were conducted in each OPC. Qualitative data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis procedures. Based on findings, components of the intervention and implementation strategies were adapted, followed by a 3-month pilot study in one OPC with 16 patients randomized to one of two intervention arms.

Results
The primary adaptations included modifying the TDT intervention counseling content to address barriers to quitting among PLWH and Vietnamese sociocultural norms that support smoking cessation. Implementation strategies (i.e., training and system changes) were adapted to respond to provider- and clinic-level determinants of implementation effectiveness (e.g., knowledge gaps, OPC resource constraints, staffing structure, compatibility).

Conclusions
Adaptations were facilitated through a mixed method, stakeholder (patient and health care provider, district health leader)-engaged evaluation of context-specific influences on intervention and implementation effectiveness. This data-driven approach to refining and adapting components aimed to optimize intervention effectiveness and implementation in the context of HIV care. Balancing pragmatism with rigor through the use of rapid analysis procedures and multiple methods increased the feasibility of the adaptation process.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05162911. Registered on December 16, 2021.
Functional MRI–Guided Motor Cortex and Deep Brain Stimulation for Intractable Facial Pain: A Novel, Personalized Approach in 1 Patient
Authors: Saway Brian Fabian , Webb Timothy , Weber Aimee , Triano Matthew , Barley Jessica , Spampinato Maria , Rowland Nathan 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Facial neuropathic pain syndromes such as trigeminal neuralgia are debilitating disorders commonly managed by medications, vascular decompression, and/or ablative procedures. In trigeminal neuralgia cases unresponsive to these interventions, trigeminal deafferentation pain syndrome (TDPS) can emerge and remain refractory to any further attempts at these conventional therapies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and motor cortex stimulation are 2 neuromodulatory treatments that have demonstrated efficacy in small case series of TDPS yet remain largely underutilized. In addition, functional MRI (fMRI) is a tool that can help localize central processing of evoked stimuli such as mechanically triggered facial pain. In this study, we present a case report and operative technique in a patient with TDPS who underwent fMRI to guide the operative management and placement of dual targets in the sensory thalamus and motor cortex.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and outcome of a novel surgical approach for TDPS in a single patient.

METHODS:
The fMRI and operative technique of unilateral DBS targeting the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus and facial motor cortex stimulator placement through a single burr hole is illustrated as well as the patient's clinical outcome.

RESULTS:
In less than 1 year, the patient had near complete resolution of his facial pain with no postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION:
We present the first published case of successful treatment of TDPS using simultaneous DBS of the ventroposteromedial and motor cortex stimulation. fMRI can be used as an effective imaging modality to guide neuromodulation in this complex disorder.
Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise
Authors: KUIKMAN MEGAN A. , SMITH ELLA S. , MCKAY ALANNAH K. A. , ACKERMAN KATHRYN E. , HARRIS RACHEL , ELLIOTT-SALE KIRSTY J. , STELLINGWERFF TRENT , BURKE LOUISE M. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this audit was to assess the representation of female athletes within the literature that has led to current guidelines for carbohydrate (CHO) intake in the acute periods surrounding exercise and the quality of this research.

Methods
We conducted a standardized audit of research assessing CHO loading protocols, CHO mouth rinse, and CHO intake before, during, and after exercise.

Results
A total of 937 studies were identified in this audit. There were a total of 11,202 participants across these studies, with only ~11% being women. Most studies involved male-only cohorts (~79%), with a mere 38 studies (~4%) involving female-only cohorts and 14 studies (~2%) including a methodological design for comparison of sex-based responses. The frequent use of incorrect terminology surrounding menstrual status and the failure of most studies (~69%) to provide sufficient information on the menstrual status of participants suggests incomplete understanding and concern for female-specific considerations among researchers. Of the 197 studies that included women, only 13 (~7%) provided evidence of acceptable methodological control of ovarian hormones, and no study met all best-practice recommendations. Of these 13 studies, only half also provided sufficient information regarding the athletic caliber of participants. The topics that received such scrutiny were CHO loading protocols and CHO intake during exercise.

Conclusions
The literature that underpins the current guidelines for CHO intake in the acute periods around exercise is lacking in high-quality research that can contribute knowledge specific to the female athlete and sex-based differences. New research that considers ovarian hormones and sex-based differences is needed to ensure that the recommendations for acute CHO fueling provided to female athletes are evidence based.
Changes in Cost of Locomotion Are Higher after Endurance Cycling Than Running When Matched for Intensity and Duration
Authors: SABATER-PASTOR FREDERIC , FARICIER ROBIN , METRA MÉLANIE , MURIAS JUAN M. , BROWNSTEIN CALLUM G. , MILLET GUILLAUME Y. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cost of locomotion (CL) has been shown to increase after endurance running and cycling bouts. The main purpose of this study was to compare, in the same participants, the effect of both modalities on CL when matched for relative intensity and duration.

Methods
Seventeen recreational athletes performed two incremental tests in running and cycling to determine the first ventilatory threshold then two 3-h bouts of exercise at 105% of threshold, with gas exchange measurements taken for 10 min at the start, middle and end of the 3 h to calculate CL. Neuromuscular fatigue during isometric knee extensor contractions and force–velocity profile on a cycle ergometer were assessed before and immediately after the 3-h trials.

Results
CL significantly increased at mid (+3.7%, P = 0.006) and end (+7.4%, P < 0.001) of exercise for cycling compared with start, whereas it did not change with time for running. Cardio-respiratory and metabolic variables changed similarly for cycling and running, therefore not explaining the time-course differences in CL between modalities. Changes in CL during cycling correlated significantly with loss of maximal force extrapolated from the force–velocity profile (r = 0.637, P = 0.006) and changes in cadence (r = 0.784, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The type of locomotion influences the effects of exercise on energy cost because 3 h of exercise at the same relative intensity caused a significant increase of cycling CL, and no changes in running CL. The changes in CL in cycling are likely due, at least in part, to fatigue in the locomotor muscles.
Phytochemical study of the plant species Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) and Croton floccosus (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Ruiz-Reyes Enrique , Mendoza-Cevallos Mayte Ariana , Polanco-Moreira Ana Patricia , Segovia-Cedeño Diego Germán , Alcivar-Cedeño Ulbio Eduardo , Dueñas-Rivadeneira Alex 
Published: October 2022

Background:Given the chemical richness of medicinal plants (Bidens pilosaL. andCroton floccosus) in Ecuador, they are considered the natural source of numerous medicines.Methods:The leaves were dried at 40°C and 50°C and the extracts were characterized by means of phytochemical screening, verifying the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, reducing sugars, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Three extraction processes were carried out, with two solvents of different polarities: hexane and ethanol. The extraction methods that were applied to the leaves of the plants were Soxhlet, ultrasonic bath and maceration, the latter two at room temperature and Soxhlet at the boiling temperature of the solvent. Determination of the total content of phenols and flavonoids is carried out using the Follin-Ciocalteau colorimetric reaction, Quercetin standard, Aluminum Chloride solution measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity was performed with the DPPH radical and measured with the same equipment.Results: The highest content of total phenols obtained by employing the Soxhlet method for extraction when the material was dried at 50°C was 48.609 ± 0.370 mg GAE/g of dry sample forBidens pilosaL. while in the case ofCroton floccosusit was 128.212 ± 0.601 mg GAE/g of dry sample obtained from the extraction by means of maceration. Finally, the antioxidant activity against the 1.1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical was determined, and it was found that theBidens pilosaL. species performed better and responded better to the test, with an IC50value of 239.33 µg/mL, thanCroton floccosus(IC50of 644.125 µg/mL).Conclusions:The following preliminary phytochemical study of theBidens pilosaL. andCroton floccosusplants provided important information on the content of secondary metabolites and response to the DPPH radical reported for the first time in Ecuador, which may be future use for medicinal application.