bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors for Concurrent Syndromic Diagnosis in Presumed Idiopathic Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Gettys F. Keith , De La Rocha Adriana , Ramo Brandon A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Infants referred for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) may have a previously unidentified concomitant diagnosis of syndromic pathology. Our purpose was to examine the incidence of syndromic pathology in infants referred to a tertiary center with presumed idiopathic DDH and identify risk factors and difference in treatment courses between idiopathic and nonidiopathic cohorts.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of infants younger than 3 years who were evaluated for DDH between 2008 and 2013 with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The clinical history and treatment were noted to determine the incidence and nature of concomitant syndromic diagnoses, after a confirmed diagnosis of DDH.

Results:
There were 202 patients: 177 were females (87.6%). Thirteen patients (6.4%) were later diagnosed with a neurologic/syndromic diagnosis. The workup leading to additional diagnosis was initiated by the orthopaedic surgeon in 8 of 13 patients (61.5%). Half of the referrals (4 of 8) made to other specialists were because of an abnormal treatment course (three—failure of typical DDH treatment and one—relapsed clubfeet). 7 of the 8 referrals were made because of developmental delays and decreased tone. 5 of the 13 nonidiopathic patients had other orthopaedic problems. The syndromic diagnoses included three cerebral palsy, two Kabuki syndrome, one Down syndrome, one myopathy, and one neuropathy. The diagnosis was made at an average of 2.3 years (0.04 to 4.7). No notable difference was observed in the incidence of the four known risk factors for DDH in syndromic patients compared with the idiopathic group. The syndromic patients required more open reductions (P = 0.002).

Discussion:
By the age of 3 years, 6% of the patients treated for DDH were found to have a syndrome or neurologic abnormality, and the referral for workup was made by the treating surgeon greater than 60% of the time.
Kur’ân’ın Filolojik Tefsiri Bağlamında Abdullah bin Abbas’ın Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: CAN Süleyman , SEBER Abdulkerim 
Published: June 2022

Peygamber’in (a.s.) vefatının ardından Kur’an’ın yorum ve tefsiriyle ilgili bir kısım problemler yaşanmış ve problemlerin çözümü konusunda sahabe (r.a.), var gücüyle çalışmaktan geri kalmamıştır. Bu çalışanlar içinde, genç yaşına rağmen, Kur’an’la ilgili bilgisi bizzat Rasûlullah (a.s.) tarafından onaylanan ve ashabın da fikirlerinden istifade ettiği Abdullah b. Abbas gelmektedir. İbn Abbas’ın Arap diline hakimiyeti ve Kur’an’la ilgili açıklamaları birçok kaynakta zikredilmekte sonra gelen müfessirlerin kitaplarında da görüşlerine daima yer verilmektedir.
Çalışmada, öncelikle İbn Abbas’ın hayatı, şahsiyeti, ilim hayatı, siyasi durumu, hocaları, ilmi kişiliği, öğrencileri ve ders metodu ele alınmış, peşinden “filoloji” ve “filolojik tefsir” kavramı ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Daha sonra da İbn Abbas’ın Kur’an ayetleri hakkında yaptığı tefsir ve yorumlarla ilgili örnekler eşliğinde incelenmiştir. Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i rivayet ve dirayet metoduyla tefsir eden ve genel kabule göre lugavî tefsirin kurucusu olarak bilinen İbn Abbas, aynı zamanda Kur’ân müfredatının tefsirinde Cahiliye şiirini delil olarak kullanan, Kur’ân’daki garip lafızlarının tefsirinde şiirden faydalanan ilk müfessir olarak görülmektedir. Rivayet ve dirayet yöntemiyle tefsir yapan ve bu alanda en önemli kaynak olarak kabul edilen İbn Abbas, tefsir kaynakları ile ilgili farklı yöntemleri kullanmıştır. O, Kur’an’da herhangi bir ayetteki anlaşılmayan kelimeleri, kimi zaman başka bir ayetle açıklamış, bazen de konuyla ilgili bir hadis yardımıyla çözüme ulaşmıştır. Konumuzla ilgili Türkiye’de “Ali Bulut’un Kur’an Filolojisine Dair İbn Abbâs’a Nisbet Edilen Üç Eser”, İsmail Aydın’ın İbn Abbas: Filolojik Tefsirin Öncüsü”, “Saida Saipova’nın İbn Abbas (68/687) ve Kur’ân Yorumlamaları ve “Mehmet Ali Durur’un, Dilbilimsel Tefsirin Gelişimi ve İbn Abbâs’ın Dilbilimsel Tefsîre Etkisi” gibi makale çalışmaları bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmanın amacı, İbn Abbas’ın tefsir kaynaklarından örnekler ışığında, İbn Abbas’ın filolojik tefsirdeki konumu ve öneminin ortaya konarak hem Tefsir hem de Arap dili ve Belagatı alanına katkıda bulunmaktır.
Implementasi Kebijakan Alokasi Dana Desa Di Desa Lende Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Irma Ade , Jisman Jisman 
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Kebijakan Alokasi Dana Desa Di Desa Lende Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala. Dasar penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan tipe penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriktif kualitatif. Teknik penarikan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu studi pustaka dan studi lapangan yang terdiri dari, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh peneliti bahwa dari aspek/ dimensi Komunikasi, Disposisi, dan Struktur Birokrasi sudah berjalan dengan baik, namun dalam aspek Sumber Daya hasilnya masih kurang baik, sehingga penulis berkesimpulan berdasarkan hasil informasi dari informan dan sesuai dengan fakta empirik dilapangan, bahwa pelaksanaan program Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Desa Lende Kecamatan Sirenja Kabuapten Donggala sudah cukup baik. Adapun faktor pendukung program tersebut, yaitu terjalinnya komunikasi yang baik antara pelaksana program dengan kelompok sasaran, komitmen serta bertanggung jawab, serta koordinasi yang baik dengan lembaga terkait dalam melaksanakan program tersebut sesusai dengan harapan masyarakat.
การนวดพื้นบ้านในการบริบาลหญิงหลังคลอดของอำเภอเมือง จังหวัดยะลา
Authors: มาหะมะ ไฟศอล , นิแว อานิตา 
Published: June 2022

การศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ศึกษาการนวดพื้นบ้านในการบริบาลหญิงหลังคลอด ผู้ให้ข้อมูล คือ กลุ่มผดุงครรภ์โบราณ จำนวน 2 คน และกลุ่มหญิงหลังคลอด จำนวน 3 คน ด้วยแนวทางการสัมภาษณ์ ใช้วิธีการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก และการสังเกตแบบไม่มีส่วนร่วมวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยวิธีการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา และใช้วิธีการตรวจสอบข้อมูลสามเส้าเก็บข้อมูลตั้งแต่วันที่ 1 เมษายน ถึง 31 มิถุนายน 2563 ผลการศึกษา พบว่า ผดุงครรภ์โบราณได้รับการสืบทอดองค์ความรู้จากบุคคลในครอบครัวและยังไม่มีการถ่ายทอดองค์ความรู้ให้แก่ผู้ใด ทั้ง 2 คนทำการนวดผู้ป่วยช่วงหลังการคลอดแล้วอย่างน้อย 1 วัน เป็นระยะเวลา 3 วันติดต่อกันประกอบด้วย 1. ก่อนการนวด มีการซักประวัติและตรวจร่างกาย 2. การนวดมี 3 ลักษณะ คือ 1) การนวดตัว คนที่ 1นวดจากส่วนล่างขึ้นยังส่วนบนคนที่ 2 นวดจากส่วนบนลงส่วนล่าง 2) การนวดกระตุ้นเต้านม ทั้ง 2 คน นวดจากส่วนอกสู่ฐานนมและ3) การนวดยกมดลูก มีคำแนะนำ ได้แก่ การรับประทานขิง และเบญกานี การงดอาหารแสลงที่มีรสเย็น รสเปรี้ยว และรสหวาน อย่างน้อย 100 วัน จากผลการศึกษา พบว่า ท่านวดที่เสี่ยงต่อการบาดเจ็บ เช่น การเหยียบอวัยวะเพศ ควรมีการปรับปรุงเพื่อให้มีความปลอดภัยมากขึ้น และสามารถนำไปใช้ บูรณาการร่วมกับการบริบาลแผนปัจจุบันต่อไป
Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas Dan Likuiditas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Artati Dwi , Sasongko Akbar Tendi 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas, dan Likuiditas, terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor batu bara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2016-2019 sebanyak 25 perusahaan dengan sampel sebanyak 19 perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Struktur Modal berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (PBV), Profitabilitas (ROE) berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (PBV), dan Likuiditas (CR) tidak berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (PBV). Artinya bahwa Struktur Modal dan ROE menjadi salah satu pertimbangan dalam melakukan investasi sementara likuiditas tidak diperhitungkan oleh investor dalam berinvestasi.
LIERATURE REVIEW TEKNIK PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGI MOLAR PADA KLINIS IMPAKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMODALITAS
Authors: Hartati Sri , Pusptasari Maya 
Published: June 2022

Background: Dental tooth impaction is a state of latent or not erupted or partly erupted after a normal eruption time, Impacted teeth can be estimated clinically and can be confirmed by radiographic examination.
Methods: This study aims to determine the radiological examination technique of molars in clinical impaction using multimodality based on a literature review. This research is library research. The data collection method used in this research is the method of theory study/literature study/library study.
Results: Based on studies from several journal literatures, there are several radiological techniques that can be performed in clinical molar impaction such as periapical intraoral radiography, panoramic, CBCT, and MRI. On periapical intraoral radiology, the molars and panoramic radiographs do not clearly show molars impacted with the mandibular canal and inferior alveolar nerve, but on CBCT and MRI they are clearly visible using existing sequences and techniques. However, with the use of CBCT modalities, the radiation obtained is very high. Therefore, the use of a radiation-free MRI modality is a highly invasive examination for clinically impacted molars.
Conclusions: With a variety of available modalities for clinically impacted molars, it is recommended to use intraoral periapical and panoramic if the case or clinical can still be seen in that modality, if not or less visible in that modality with certain cases or clinical can be used CBCT examination but do not overuse of these modalities because the ionizing radiation emitted is very high/dangerous. It is suggested that the use of dental MRI modalities could be increased in an important step towards being radiation free, improving intervention planning and thereby increasing the overall patient benefit.
SEGREGASI DAN FENOTIPE TANAMAN LABU MADU (Cucurbita moschata) KETURUNAN KEDUA (F2) DALAM RANGKA MENGEMBANGKAN VARIETAS UNGGUL
Authors: Wahyuni Endang Sri 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peristiwa segregasi pada keturunan kedua (F2) labu madu dan bentuk fisik (fenotipe) yang terbentuk telah dilakukan sejak Juli sampai Nopember 2021 di Greenhouse Hidroponik Farm Perumahan Pondok Bedadung Indah Jember. Penelitian ini tanpa metode, hanya menanam biji dari buah F1 yang ditanam di tiga tempat yaitu instalasi NFT, polybag dan tanah. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menimbang buah dan melihat bentuk fisik (fenotipe) buah labu F2 yang terbentuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sifat yang tadinya terkumpul di F1 100% keturunan seragam. Setelah ditanam terjadi peristiwa segregasi dan menghasilkan 6 fenotipe.
Kata kunci: fenotipe F2, labu madu, segregasi.
TRATAMENTO ENDODÔNTICO EM DENTES COM REABSORÇÃO RADICULAR APICAL EXTERNA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Figueiredo Carvalho Ismênia , Da Silva Ribeiro Matheus , Bomfim Bendocchi Alves Giovanna , Dourado Martins Cerqueira Joana 
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A reabsorção radicular consiste na perda de estrutura dentária nos diferentes terços da raiz. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de tratamento endodôntico em dentes anteriores com reabsorção radicular apical externa. Material e método: Trata-se de um relato de caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos, compareceu à clínica-escola de Odontologia da UNEF queixando-se de dor em região do dente 13. Na anamnese, a paciente relatou ter realizado tratamento ortodôntico há cinco anos. Com base na avaliação clínica e nos exames de imagem, identificou-se a presença de Reabsorção Radicular Apical Externa (RRAE) nos dentes anteriores, e devido a restaurações insatisfatórias já existentes, foi possível diagnosticar a unidade 13 como Necrose Pulpar associada à Periodontite Apical Crônica, e a unidade 23, como Pulpite Irreversível Sintomática, sendo proposto o tratamento endodôntico para ambas unidades. Os demais dentes não apresentavam comprometimento pulpar. Resultados: Após 18 meses, observou se a cicatrização da lesão periodontal na unidade 13, e que as demais unidades apresentavam-se com boa resposta ao teste de vitalidade pulpar, com exceção da unidade 22, que já possuía uma restauração insatisfatória, e apresentou uma resposta de baixa intensidade e com declínio lento, característico de uma pulpite irreversível assintomática em transição para necrose pulpar, na qual foi proposto a pulpectomia como tratamento. Conclusão: No acompanhamento de 17 meses, os dentes anteriores apresentavam-se livres de sinais e sintomas, sem progressão da reabsorção, e radiograficamente, as superfícies radiculares encontravam-se íntegras, havendo o reparo da lesão na unidade 13.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Reabsorção da raiz; Endodontia; Diagnóstico.
Association between fibrinogen/albumin ratio and severity of coronary artery calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Yuyu , Tao Shuman , Zhang Danfeng , Xiao Jianping , Wang Xuerong , Yuan Liang , Pan Haifeng , Wang Deguang 
Published: June 2022

AimPrevious studies have shown that the fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) is closely related to the severity and prognosis of coronary atherosclerosis. In this study, we sought to evaluate the association between FAR and the degree of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 218 patients with CKD were stratified into low, medium and high FAR groups according to the tertiles of the FAR values. The CAC scores, clinical information and laboratory test results of the three FAR groups were compared. To explore the relationship between FAR and CAC we conducted binary logistic regression and correlation analyses.ResultsIn the low FAR group, the CAC scores were significantly lower than those in the medium and high FAR groups (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the FAR and CAC scores (r = 0.510,P < 0.001). The FAR was an independent predictor of CAC (OR = 1.106, 95% CI [1.004–1.218],P = 0.042).ConclusionIn patients with CKD, the FAR can be considered as an effective predictor of CAC.
Predictors of Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Percutaneous Primary Coronary Intervention in Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Darwesh Marwa Abd El-Monsef , Ibrahim Ibtsam Khairat , Allah Timoor Mustafa Abd , Salama Mai Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has revolutionized the outcome and management of acute myocardial infarction. However, the occurrence of left ventricular dysfunction remains relatively common event following acute myocardial infarction and in associated with an adverse prognosis in these patients. this work aimed to investigate to the left ventricular dysfunction predictors following PCI for anterior myocardial infarction (AMI) using different parameters: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), Biomarkers (Troponin, CK-MB) and Echocardiography
Methods: This research was conducted prospectively on 50 patients aged from 40 to 70 years old, presenting by first anterior myocardial infarction and treated with PCI. All cases were subjected to full history, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations, resting 12 leads electrocardiography, two dimensions echocardiography and tissue doppler imaging.
Results: Highly statistically significant between EF baseline with EF on discharge and EF on discharge with after 3 months p-value was <0.001. Pre balloon dilatation, S wave of tissue Doppler imaging on discharge and S wave tissue Doppler imaging after 3 months were predictors for left ventricular systolic function.
Conclusions: Persistent LV dysfunction following successful primary PCI is infrequent and is related to poor clinical outcomes at 3 months clinical follow-up. Tissue Doppler on discharge and after three months after myocardial infarction are independent predictors of LV dysfunction after anterior STEMI and can be used to predict occurrence of LV remodelling after 6 months.
Cerebral Autoregulation and Cardiovascular Physiology Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury Cases: A Brief Review
Authors: Yasin Ahmad , Yushatia Nabigha , Islam Itzar Chaidir , Agrabudi Andi Ilman , Qalbi Asilah Nurul , Widjaja Widiana 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the early years of life. Post-TBI physiological alterations vary across adult and pediatric patients and severity. This disease affects the quality of life of most people. Acute hemiparesis can cause cognitive impairments. It may also impact mood, memory, and decision-making. Furthermore, parasympathetic dysfunction and sympathetic activation appear to contribute to cardiac injury via modulation of the myocardial inflammatory response via acetylcholine receptors.
Purpose: This review aims to explain the neuronal response and cardiac dysfunction after traumatic brain injury cases.
Methods: The review used Pubmed and Google Scholar to search for articles on traumatic brain injury, neuronal response, and cardiac biomarkers. The articles were chosen for their language, publishing, content, exposure, and outcome. The main reference is obtained from up to 79 articles that meet the inclusion requirements.
Results: TBI can cause localized brain injury or diffuse brain injury from physical trauma such as diffuse axonal injury or brain edema. Repeated concussions raise the likelihood of chronic neurological, cognitive, and behavioral issues. Stress-induced catecholamine surges and inflammatory mediator production in response to trauma may also endanger cardiac disturbances. ECG changes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury are associated with cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac enzymes can be used as a diagnostic tool and indicate the patient's prognosis.
Conclusion: Cerebral autoregulation and cardiac physiological responses have a synergistic relationship in maintaining tissue homeostasis in patients with traumatic brain injury. Patients with TBI may experience cardiac dysfunction as a result of the body’s exaggerated systemic response to brain injury.
Prevention of Adjuvant Treatment Induced Cardiotoxicity in Egyptian Breast Cancer (BC) Patients: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Adel Azza M. , Gado Niven M. , Ragab Dina , Ali Yasmin Abdelrazek , Samir Ahmed , Ibrahim Hagar 
Published: June 2022

Background: Adjuvant Anthracyclines Chemotherapy (ANTC) and trastuzumab have been documented to prolong survival in patients with breast cancer (BC). However, these drugs are also well known to induce left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Multiple studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and beta blockers (BBs) can prevent LVSD among women with BC.
Objectives: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of enalapril (ACEI) and carvedilol (BB) in preventing the ANTC ± trastuzumab induced LVSD, in patients with non-metastatic BC.
Patients and Methods: We randomized 126 patients with non-metastatic (M0) BC, who were scheduled to be treated with ANTC ± trastuzumab into the intervention group (group 1; n = 63), which received enalapril and carvedilol or the control group (group 2; n = 63), which did not receive enalapril or carvedilol. To evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions the conventional echocardiography (ECHO) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) were performed at baseline, after 3 therapy cycles, and at 1-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint was designed to detect the incidence of a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10%, heart failure (HF), LVSD (defined as LVEF<45%) or deterioration in LV diastolic function.
Results: In the intervention group, 58 patients had 3 cycles ANTC, 6 patients received 6 cycles ANTC, and 12 patients received trastuzumab. In the control group, 47 patients had 3 cycles ANTC, 16 patients were given 6 cycles ANTC and 18 patients received trastuzumab (as per the guidelines issued by breast clinic in the department of clinical oncology, faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University) for adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer).
After 3 ANTC cycles, LVEF did not change in the intervention group, but decreased by M-mode in the control group (p-value: 0.03), which was associated with statistically significant deterioration of LV diastolic function. At 1 year follow-up, while no change was observed in LVEF in group 1, there was a decrease in LVEF by CMR in group 2 (65.78% at baseline, 61.48% at 1 year; p-value: 0.04 8).
Conclusion: Combined prophylaxis with enalapril and carvedilol may prevent LVSD in patients with non-metastatic BC treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy ± trastuzumab. However, the clinical relevance of this strategy should be confirmed in the future, large-scale randomized studies.
Variation in Elekta iView electronic portal imager pixel scale factor with gantry angle, and impact on multi‐leaf collimator quality assurance
Authors: Goodall Simon K. , Norvill Craig 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor Elekta Agility linear accelerators, the iViewGT electronic portal imaging device (EPID) is positioned at a nominal X‐Ray source‐to‐panel distance of 1600 mm. For display, image registration, and data processing purposes, the image pixels are scaled to spatial units at the treatment isocenter plane. This is achieved by applying a pixel scaling factor (PSF). During this investigation, the dependence of the PSF at cardinal gantry angles was determined along with the resulting effects on the multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) quality assurance (QA) results for three linear accelerators (linacs). The PSF was found to vary by 0.0018–0.0022 mm/pixel during gantry rotation, which resulted in variations in the mean MLC reported error of up to 0.8 mm at 100 mm off‐axis with the gantry rotated to 180°. Measurement and application of a gantry angle–specific PSF is a simple process that can be implemented to improve the accuracy of EPID‐based MLC QA at cardinal gantry angles.
Fabrication of Arrays of Topological Solitons in Patterned Chiral Liquid Crystals for Real‐Time Observation of Morphogenesis
Authors: Park Geonhyeong , Suh Ahram , Zhao Hanqing , Lee Changjae , Choi Yun‐Seok , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Yoon Dong Ki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTopological solitons have knotted continuous field configurations embedded in a uniform background, and occur in cosmology, biology, and electromagnetism. However, real‐time observation of their morphogenesis and dynamics is still challenging because their size and timescale are enormously large or tiny. Liquid crystal (LC) structures are promising candidates for a model‐system to study the morphogenesis of topological solitons, enabling direct visualization due to the proper size and timescale. Here, a new way is found to rationalize the real‐time observation of the generation and transformation of topological solitons using cholesteric LCs confined in patterned substrates. The experimental demonstration shows the topologically protected structures arise via the transformation of topological defects. Numerical modeling based on minimization of free energy closely reconstructs the experimental findings. The fundamental insights obtained from the direct observations pose new theoretical challenges in understanding the morphogenesis of different types of topological solitons within a broad range of scales.