bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence of antimicrobial activity in Antarctic seaweeds: ecological role and antibiotic potential
Authors: Martín-Martín Rafael P. , Carcedo-Forés Marta , Camacho-Bolós Pablo , García-Aljaro Cristina , Angulo-Preckler Carlos , Avila Conxita , Lluch Jordi Rull , Garreta Amelia Gómez 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeaweeds contain a wide range of secondary metabolites which serve multiple functions, including chemical and ecological mediation with microorganisms. Moreover, owing to their diverse bioactivity, including their antibiotic properties, they show potential for human use. Nonetheless, the chemical ecology of seaweeds is not equally understood across different regions; for example, Antarctic seaweeds are among the lesser studied groups. With the aim of improving our current understanding of the chemical ecology and potential bioactivity of Antarctic seaweeds, we performed a screening of antibiotic activity using crude extracts from 22 Antarctic macroalgae species. Extractions were performed separating lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions at natural concentrations. Antimicrobial activity assays were performed using the disk diffusion method against seven Antarctic bacteria and seven human pathogenic surrogates. Our results showed that red seaweeds (especiallyDelisea pulchra) inhibited a larger number of microorganisms compared with brown seaweeds, and that lipophilic fractions were more active than hydrophilic ones. Both types of bacteria tested (Gram negative and Gram positive) were inhibited, especially by butanolic fractions, suggesting a trend of non-specific chemical defence. However, Gram-negative bacteria and one pathogenic fungus showed greater resistance. Our study contributes to the evidence of antimicrobial chemical interactions between Antarctic seaweeds and sympatric microorganisms, as well as the potential of seaweed extracts for pharmacological applications.
Quadrature-free immersed isogeometric analysis
Authors: Antolin P. , Hirschler T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for solving partial differential equations on three-dimensional CAD geometries by means of immersed isogeometric discretizations that do not require quadrature schemes. It relies on a newly developed technique for the evaluation of polynomial integrals over spline boundary representations that is exclusively based on analytical computations. First, through a consistent polynomial approximation step, the finite element operators of the Galerkin method are transformed into integrals involving only polynomial integrands. Then, by successive applications of the divergence theorem, those integrals over B-Reps are transformed into the first surface and then line integrals with polynomials integrands. Eventually, these line integrals are evaluated analytically with machine precision accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by means of numerical experiments in the context of 2D and 3D elliptic problems, retrieving optimal error convergence order in all cases. Finally, the methodology is illustrated for 3D CAD models with an industrial level of complexity.
Felix Klein’s projective representations of the groups $$S_6$$ and $$A_7$$
Authors: Heller Henning 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses an article by Felix Klein of 1886, in which he generalized his theory of polynomial equations of degree 5—comprehensively discussed in his Lectures on the Icosahedron two years earlier—to equations of degree 6 and 7. To do so, Klein used results previously established in line geometry. I review Klein’s 1886 article, its diverse mathematical background, and its place within the broader history of mathematics. I argue that the program advanced by this article, although historically overlooked due to its eventual failure, offers a valuable insight into a time of crucial evolution of the subject.
Sex-differences in incidence of hospitalizations and in hospital mortality of community-acquired pneumonia among children in Spain: a population-based study
Authors: de-Miguel-Díez Javier , López-de-Andrés Ana , Hernández-Barrera Valentín , de-Miguel-Yanes José M. , Carabantes-Alarcón David , Ji Zichen , Zamorano-Leon Jose J. , Jiménez-García Rodrigo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine trends from 2016 to 2019 in the incidence of hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality (IHM) of subjects < 18 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), assessing possible sex differences. We used Spanish national hospital discharge data to select all patients < 18 years with CAP. We identified 43,511 children (53% boys) hospitalized with CAP. The incidence of CAP was significantly higher in boys than in girls, with an age-adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.05 (95%CI 1.03–1.07) for boys compared to girls, and rose from 126 per 100,000 children in 2016 to 131 in 2019 (p < 0.0001). There were no sex differences in isolated pathogens, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, or IHM. Variables independently associated with IHM were age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases, and use of invasive mechanical ventilation. Asthma was a protective factor for IHM among girls.Conclusion: The incidence of hospital admissions for CAP was higher among boys than among girls and rose significantly from 2016 to 2019. There were no sex differences in hospital outcomes. Age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases, and use of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for IHM in both sexes, while asthma was a protective factor among girls. No differences were found in IHM over time.

What is Known:• Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common reasons for hospitalizations among children.• There are few studies that allow to know the evolution of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

What is New:• Incidence of hospital admissions for community-acquired pneumonia was higher in boys than girls and it rose significantly from 2016 to 2019.• Age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases and use of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for in-hospital mortality in both sexes.
Comparing deep and shallow neural networks in forecasting call center arrivals
Authors: Manno Andrea , Rossi Fabrizio , Smriglio Stefano , Cerone Luigi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForecasting volumes of incoming calls is the first step of the workforce planning process in call centers and represents a prominent issue from both research and industry perspectives. We investigate the application of Neural Networks to predict incoming calls 24 hours ahead. In particular, a Machine Learning deep architecture known as Echo State Network, is compared with a completely different rolling horizon shallow Neural Network strategy, in which the lack of recurrent connections is compensated by a careful input selection. The comparison, carried out on three different real world datasets, reveals better predictive performance for the shallow approach. The latter appears also more robust and less demanding, reducing the inference time by a factor of 2.5 to 4.5 compared to Echo State Networks.
Management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections with focus on patients with chronic lung diseases (as of 10 January 2022)
Authors: Olschewski Horst , Eber Ernst , Bucher Brigitte , Hackner Klaus , Handzhiev Sabin , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Idzko Marco , Klepetko Walter , Kovacs Gabor , Lamprecht Bernd , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Meilinger Michael , Müller Alexander , Prior Christian , Schindler Otmar , Täubl Helmut , Zacharasiewicz Angela , Zwick Ralf Harun , Arns Britt-Madelaine , Bolitschek Josef , Cima Katharina , Gingrich Elisabeth , Hochmair Maximilian , Horak Fritz , Jaksch Peter , Kropfmüller Roland , Pfleger Andreas , Puchner Bernhard , Puelacher Christoph , Rodriguez Patricia , Salzer Helmut J. F. , Schenk Peter , Stelzmüller Ingrid , Strenger Volker , Urban Matthias , Wagner Marlies , Wimberger Franz , Flick Holger 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe Austrian Society of Pneumology (ASP) launched a first statement on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in May 2020, at a time when in Austria 285 people had died from this disease and vaccinations were not available. Lockdown and social distancing were the only available measures to prevent more infections and the breakdown of the health system. Meanwhile, in Austria over 13,000 patients have died in association with a SARS-CoV‑2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the most common causes of death; however, SARS-CoV‑2 has been mutating all the time and currently, most patients have been affected by the delta variant where the vaccination is very effective but the omicron variant is rapidly rising and becoming predominant. Particularly in children and young adults, where the vaccination rate is low, the omicron variant is expected to spread very fast. This poses a particular threat to unvaccinated people who are at elevated risk of severe COVID-19 disease but also to people with an active vaccination. There are few publications that comprehensively addressed the special issues with SARS-CoV‑2 infection in patients with chronic lung diseases. These were the reasons for this updated statement. Pulmonologists care for many patients with an elevated risk of death in case of COVID-19 but also for patients that might be at an elevated risk of vaccination reactions or vaccination failure. In addition, lung function tests, bronchoscopy, respiratory physiotherapy and training therapy may put both patients and health professionals at an increased risk of infection. The working circles of the ASP have provided statements concerning these risks and how to avoid risks for the patients.
Early risk factors for joint trajectories of bullying victimisation and perpetration
Authors: Chow Athena R. W. , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Baldwin Jessie R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBullying victimisation is a prevalent stressor associated with serious health problems. To inform intervention strategies, it is important to understand children’s patterns of involvement in bullying victimisation and perpetration across development, and identify early risk factors for these developmental trajectories. We analysed data from the Millennium Cohort Study (N = 14,525; 48.6% female, 82.6% White), a representative birth cohort of British children born in 2000–2002 across the UK. Bullying victimisation and perpetration were assessed via child, mother, and teacher reports at ages 5, 7, 11, and 14 years. Early risk factors (child emotional, cognitive, and physical vulnerabilities, and adverse family environments) were assessed at ages 9 months, 3, and 5 years. Using k-means for longitudinal data, we identified five joint trajectories of victimisation and perpetration across ages 5, 7, 11, and 14: uninvolved children (59.78%), early child victims (9.96%), early adolescent victims (15.07%), early child bullies (8.01%), and bully- victims (7.19%). Individual vulnerabilities (e.g., emotional dysregulation, cognitive difficulties) and adverse family environments (maternal psychopathology, low income) in pre-school years independently forecast multiple trajectories of bullying involvement. Compared to victims, bully-victims were more likely to be male, have cognitive difficulties, and experience harsh discipline and low income. Interventions addressing these risk factors (e.g., via accessible mental health care, stigma-based interventions, or programs to support low-income families) may help to prevent bullying involvement and its associated sequelae.
Local spatial log-Gaussian Cox processes for seismic data
Authors: D’Angelo Nicoletta , Siino Marianna , D’Alessandro Antonino , Adelfio Giada 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the use of advanced and flexible statistical models to describe the spatial displacement of earthquake data. The paper aims to account for the external geological information in the description of complex seismic point processes, through the estimation of models with space varying parameters. A local version of the Log-Gaussian Cox processes (LGCP) is introduced and applied for the first time, exploiting the inferential tools in Baddeley (Spat Stat 22:261–295, 2017), estimating the model by the local Palm likelihood. We provide methods and approaches accounting for the interaction among points, typically described by LGCP models through the estimation of the covariance parameters of the Gaussian Random Field, that in this local version are allowed to vary in space, providing a more realistic description of the clustering feature of seismic events. Furthermore, we contribute to the framework of diagnostics, outlining suitable methods for the local context and proposing a new step-wise approach addressing the particular case of multiple covariates. Overall, we show that local models provide good inferential results and could serve as the basis for future spatio-temporal local model developments, peculiar for the description of the complex seismic phenomenon.
Green cement production in India: prioritization and alleviation of barriers using the best–worst method
Authors: Marinelli Marina , Janardhanan Mukund 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cement is a fundamental building and construction material for societies around the world. However, its manufacturing process is exceptionally energy intensive and has a substantial contribution to the man-made global warming potential which calls for immediate reduction. In this context, the implementation of green production practices and technologies in the Indian cement sector is of particular interest and global impact given that the country is the second biggest producer worldwide. Furthermore, the literature reveals that although the implementation of green practices in the cement manufacturing sector faces barriers across a variety of aspects, there is only limited research focussing on developing countries. This research covers this gap by concentrating on the barriers encountered by the cement sector of India and proposes strategies for their alleviation based on input from five experts and the use of the multi-criteria decision making method (MCDM) best–worst method (BWM). The results show that the lack of conducive corporate environment is the most important barrier, inadequate skills and attitudes are the second, while capital-related limitations come third. The experts highlight the need for mechanisms promoting cost effective environmental research and training as well as appropriate funding instruments and procurement rules from the government. Furthermore, a clear vision and plan from the management’s part are fundamental for the effective incorporation of green practices in the organisational identity and the required employee engagement.
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in indoor and outdoor size-segregated aerosol samples
Authors: del Real Álvaro , Expósito Andrea , Ruiz-Azcona Laura , Santibáñez Miguel , Fernández-Olmo Ignacio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in indoor and outdoor size-segregated aerosol samples (PM10-2.5, PM2.5). Five outdoor daily samples were collected between November and December 2020 in an urban/industrial area with relatively high PM10 levels (Maliaño, Santander, Spain) by using a PM impactor (air flowrate of 30 L/min). In a non-hospital indoor sampling surveillance context, 8 samples in classrooms and 6 samples in the central library-Paraninfo of the University of Cantabria (UC) were collected between April and June 2021 by using personal PM samplers (air flowrate of 3 L/min). Lastly, 8 samples in the pediatric nasopharyngeal testing room at Liencres Hospital, 6 samples from different single occupancy rooms of positive patients, and 2 samples in clinical areas of the COVID plant of the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV) were collected between January and May 2021. N1, N2 genes were used to test the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2 positive detection was only obtained from one fine fraction (PM2.5) sample, corresponding to one occupancy room, where a patient with positive PCR and cough was present. Negative results found in other sampling areas such as the pediatric nasopharyngeal testing rooms should be interpreted in terms of air sampling volume limitation and good ventilation.
ADAPTTER: Developing a Framework for Teaching Computational Thinking in Second-Level Schools by Design Research
Authors: Kirwan Colette , Costello Eamon , Donlon Enda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComputational Thinking (CT) is a problem-solving process applicable across all disciplines. It has been defined as a 21st-century skill (Wing, Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33–35, 2006). Unfortunately, little pedagogical research is available to guide teachers and designers when devising a CT course. This study addresses this issue by describing how a framework to teach CT to second-level students evolved. This framework, ADAPTTER, has been shown to result in a high quality, engaging, low threshold, effective, and practical course. A three-phase Educational Design Research study was employed to develop this framework. It involved six schools, eleven teachers, four content experts, and 446 students. Data was gathered using various means: teacher interviews and diaries, students' questionnaires, artefacts, and tests. The ADAPTTER framework is offered as a way for teachers and researchers to design a CT course, understand its components and have conversations around the same.
On the Rate Dependence of Precipitate Formation and Dissolution in a Nickel-Base Superalloy
Authors: D’Souza Neil , Hardy Mark C. , Roebuck Bryan , Li Wei , West Geoff D. , Collins David M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe temporal dependence of$$\gamma '$$γ′dissolution in the polycrystalline Ni-base superalloy RR1000 has been studied with implications to thermo-mechanical processing. A resistivity-based method using an electro-thermal mechanical testing (ETMT), which overcomes the drawbacks associated with other approaches, such as calorimetry, dilatometry, and diffraction, has been used to explore the effect of transient and isothermal thermal cycles. This is supplemented by DICTRA numerical models that simulate the diffusion within the$$\gamma $$γphase up to the$$\gamma /\gamma '$$γ/γ′interface. It is demonstrated that dissolution is affected by heating rate as well as the precipitate size. Below a threshold heating rate of$$\sim $$∼0.1$${^\circ }$$∘C s$$^{-1}$$-1, the dissolution kinetics are marginally affected, however, is sensitive to microstructure. The role of precipitate size during dissolution is governed by diffusion flux in the$$\gamma $$γphase at the$$\gamma /\gamma '$$γ/γ′interface, which is inversely proportional to size. It is argued that numerical simulations that predict constitutional liquation during rapid heating by altering the width of the computation domain to match the average precipitate size of the$$\gamma '$$γ′population will yield inaccurate predictions. The influence of the heating rate on the nucleation undercooling, during subsequent cooling, has also been addressed. With increasing heating rates, the local$$\gamma '$$γ′solvus temperature is shifted to progressively higher temperatures. Unless complete dissolution of$$\gamma '$$γ′occurs prior to subsequent cooling, erroneous interpretations of nucleation undercooling can arise.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Qualitative analysis on the driving force behind upcycling practices associated with mobile applications: Circular economy perspective
Authors: Martín Martín José María , Calvo Martínez Sara , Guaita Martínez José Manuel , Ribeiro Soriano Domingo Enrique 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUpcycling is a type of practice included within the circular economy. Although interest in this type of activity has grown in recent years, academic analysis of the drivers that impel these activities is poorly developed. This work focuses on upcycling activities developed in the context of rural tourism. Through field work based on structured interviews applied in the region of Andalusia (Spain), evidence was sought about the drivers that promote this type of practice. In particular, attention was paid to the role of mobile applications as facilitators of upcycling. The main finding was that technology helps in using upcycling practices when considering rural tourism, as demonstrated by the use of mobile applications and websites such as Wallapop. There was also evidence of the different factors that drive the development of upcycling practices: the existence of a traditional social network as a means of obtaining second-hand items, technology as an element that facilitates access to items owned by strangers, the need to offer the image sought by tourists, and a desire to maintain the cultural essence of the region.
A Robust 2D Lidar SLAM Method in Complex Environment
Authors: Huang Shan , Huang Hong-Zhong , Zeng Qi , Huang Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe two-dimensional (2D) lidar is a ranging optical sensor that can measure the cross-section of the geometric structure of the environment. We propose a robust 2D lidar simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm working in ambiguous environments. To improve the front-end scan-matching module’s accuracy and robustness, we propose performing degeneration analysis, line landmark tracking, and environment coverage analysis. The max-clique selection and odometer verification are introduced to increase the stability of the SLAM algorithm in an ambiguous environment. Moreover, we propose a tightly coupled framework that integrates lidar, wheel odometer, and inertial measurement unit (IMU). The framework achieves the accurate mapping in large-scale environments using a factor graph to model the multi-sensor fusion SLAM problem. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a highly accurate front-end scan-matching module with an error of 3.8% of the existing method. And it can run stably in ambiguous environments where the existing method will be failed. Moreover, it ccan successfully construct a map with an area of more than 250 000 square meters.
The effect of soluble phenolic compounds from hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw on Trichoderma reesei cellulases and commercial enzyme cocktails
Authors: Borisova Anna S. , Pihlajaniemi Ville , Kont Riin , Niemelä Klaus , Koitto Taru , Mikkelson Atte , Väljamäe Priit , Kruus Kristiina , Marjamaa Kaisa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hydrothermal methods are commonly applied in pretreatment of lignocellulose for conversion to biofuels and chemicals. This pretreatment partially disassembles and solubilizes hemicelluloses and lignin, releasing sugars and phenolic compounds, which are potential inhibitors for the subsequent enzymatic saccharification step. In this work, the inhibitory effect of soluble phenolics in hydrothermal pretreatment liquor on canonical Trichoderma reesei enzymes was investigated, using purified cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases, a xylanase, and a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, as well as commercial enzyme cocktails Cellic Ctec2 and Celluclast. The pretreatment liquor was fractionated to enrich the phenolics, and thoroughly analyzed. The most sensitive to phenolics inhibition were cellobiohydrolases, the major enzymes in crystalline cellulose degradation and the primary component in cellulolytic mixtures. These were inhibited by the oligophenolics and phenol-carbohydrate complexes (lignin-carbohydrate complex type of compounds), the latter of which could be mitigated by other enzymes, i.e., xylanases and endoglucanases. Addition of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase to the hydrolysis reactions was found to relieve the negative effect of phenolics. Similarly, hydrolytic activity of a commercial enzyme cocktail Cellic Ctec2 was enhanced in the presence of low concentrations of phenolics.