bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Weight, Weight change and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Hypertension: A Primary-care Cohort Study
Authors: Dong Yue , Gong Yanhong , Han Yanping , Yu Hanbing , Zeng Xiaozhou , Chen Zimei , An Rongrong , Sun Na , Chen Zhenyuan , Yin xiaoxv 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background/objectives: Obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) often co-occur. However, the effects of excessive body weight and weight change on CVD in patients with hypertension is not clearly established. We examined the associations of BMI, weight change and the risk of CVD in patients with hypertension.
Subjects/methods: Our Data were drawn from the medical records of primary-care institutions in China. A total of 25 810 patients with valid weight measurements attending primary healthcare centers were included. Body weight were grouped in BMI categories of underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥25.0 kg/m2). Weight change over 12 months was divided into: gain >4%, gain 1%–4%, stable (–1%–1%), loss 1%–4%, and loss ≥4%. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between BMI, weight change and the risk of CVD.
Result: After multivariable adjustment, patients with obesity were related to higher risks of CVD (HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.22–1.75). Higher risks were seen in participants with loss ≥4%, gain 1–4% and gain >4% of body weight compared to stable weight (loss ≥4%: HR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.55; gain 1–4%: HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.64; gain >4%: HR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.08–1.66).
Conclusion: Obesity and weight change of loss ≥4%, gain 1–4% and gain >4% were related to higher risks of CVD. Close monitoring and appropriate interventions aimed at achieving an optimal weight are needed to prevent adverse outcomes for patients with hypertension.
Forging weight Reduction of gear blank by Topology Optimization using Parametric FEA
Authors: Mehta Yash , Kuthiya Abhishek , Hadiya J. P. , Jivani R. G. , Patel Rohit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In any gearbox, gears play a crucial role in motion transmission and contribute considerable weight to the gearbox. Usually, gears fail when the operating stress exceeds the maximum permissible stress. The power transmitted by the gears is directly proportional to these stresses. This paper intends a systematic study of gear blank hub, web, and rim geometry along with rim angle and fillets to reduce the weight of helical gear without altering the material and tooth geometry with the proper balance between weight reduction and total deformation. In turn, the total deformation in optimized gear will be in the safety range, 30% of existing gear deformation. Also aims to determine the magnitude of total deformation and Von-Mises stresses for a particular configuration of helical gears that transfer power while maintaining functionality and lowering the gear's material cost and energy consumption. Incorporating change in dimensional features of gear blank for weight reduction over the existing design and evaluation of individual feature behavior trends could be considered as the key parameters for assessment for this work.
Influence of Structural, Social and Hygienic Atmospheres to accessing Public Toilets in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Hossain Syed Billal , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin , Shahjahan Md. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Lack of access to public toilets is provoking to urinate or defecate by men at open places in the capital city, Dhaka. Moreover, here public toilets are not much care for women or for sanitary conditions. Over five million people are without proper toilet facilities in Dhaka on the other side very few open access public toilets or paid latrines and/or urinal settings made this situation more awful. Therefore the purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the Structural, Social and Hygienic Atmospheres on accessing Public Toilets in Dhaka. It was a cross-sectional qualitative study in Dhaka city from November 2016 and January 2017. Data were collected from 29 public toilets in different areas of both south and north part of Dhaka city. Semi-structured checklists for observation of the present structural and social situation of public toilets were used in data collection. There are 237 public toilets are in working condition in the city including Dhaka City Corporation (DCC)-authorized and non-governmental public toilets. However, for almost 6.97 million residents in the city, those surprisingly lack the number. This study survey found that people of the city are used to visiting the nearest restricted toilets such as Mosques, Filling stations, hospitals, etc. due to the absence or inaccessibility of the nearest public toilet. According to the observations, public toilet entrances were poorly constructed and the toilets had no ramp or suitable entrance for any disabled person. Unsuitable sanitary settings (such as washbasins, toilets, flushing mechanisms, and urinals) were the main reason found in terms of usability struggle. All the public toilets were found with poor lighting, ventilation, and piping conditions, both aesthetically and functionally. Additionally, the floor materials in all of the toilets were found slippery and deterioration of the roof, doors, windows and indoor walls of public toilets was a common scenario. Mismanagement was also a common feature in public toilets. Among the surveyed public toilets about half of those have no "Women Section" and the gathering of bystanders especially around the women block is remarkable in some public toilets. It seemed that some public toilets were used not only for sanitation purposes but also for other reasons such as a living place for caretakers and water sources for low-income/floating people living around the public toilets. Although there are unhygienic environments and uncomfortable structural and social circumstances in public toilets of Dhaka city, however, the context is taken lightly by the authorities.
Intralesional versus intramuscular methotrexate in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers
Authors: Elkholy Basma M. , El-Sayed Manal , Sola Maryam A. , Bessar Hagar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Intralesional methotrexate (MTX) could be a promising conservative alternative therapy for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Systemic MTX was previously attempted as adjuvant for locally-advanced NMSCs.
Aim: To compare the effectiveness and safety of intralesional vs. systemic MTX in NMSC management.
Methods: Sixty patients with histologically-proven NMSCs [keratoacanthoma (KA), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)], were randomly-assigned into two equal groups: Group A received intralesional MTX injections, and group B was intramuscularly injected with MTX. Injections were repeated weekly until clearance or for 8 sessions. Patients were classified into: responders (>50% improvement), partial responders (<50% improvement), and non-responders to the treatment intervention.
Results: In terms of responders, there was a statistically-significant difference in favor of the intralesional MTX group (53.3%) as compared to the intramuscular MTX group (26.7%) (P value=0.04). In groups A and B, respectively, 1-For KA, 88.9% vs 71.4% of patients had a complete resolution; 2-For BCC, 42.8% vs 30% were responders; 3-For SCC, 28.6% vs 0% were responders.
Limitations: Low sample size and short follow up.
Conclusions: Intralesional MTX is significantly more effective than systemic MTX in the treatment of NMSCs. In KA and lip tumors, both treatment approaches showed excellent response.
Trial registration: Registered and approved prospectively by the ethical review board at Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University.
Asset management for blue-green infrastructures: a scoping review
Authors: Langeveld Jeroen G. , Cherqui Frédéric , Tscheikner-Gratl Franz , Muthanna Tone Merete , Juarez Marina Fernandez-Delgado , Leitão Joao P. , Roghani Bardia , Kerres Karsten , do Céu Almeida Maria , Werey Caty , Rulleau Bénédicte 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Urban drainage systems have developed way beyond the traditional piped combined or separate sewer systems. Many ‘new’ systems are being introduced, ranging from stormwater infiltration facilities to green roofs. However, the widely advocated blue-green infrastructures are typically overlooked by asset managers, which will very likely have detrimental effects on their performance, service life, and wider adoption. In this paper, the working group on Urban Drainage Asset Management (UDAM – https://udam.home.blog/) of the IWA and IAHR Joint Committee on Urban Drainage discusses whether the state-of-the-art knowledge based on conventional sewer asset management is sufficient to develop asset management for blue-green infrastructures (BGIs). The discussion is structured around the five preconditions for effective control and asset management. Results show that asset management for BGIs is still underdeveloped due to a lack of monitoring techniques covering the broad range of BGI benefits and performance indicators, inspection techniques covering relevant failure mechanisms and models describing these mechanisms, maintenance and rehabilitation options, and sufficient support tools to aid inhabitants in the operation and maintenance of their individual BGIs such as green roofs or vegetated swales.
Lijiang flood characteristics and implication of karst storage through Muskingum flood routing via HEC-HMS, S. China
Authors: Rad Saeed , Junfeng Dai , Jingxuan Xu , Zitao Li , Linyan Pan , Wan Zepeng , Lin Liao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the characteristics of main karstic/non-karst reaches of the Lijiang River to uncover the causes behind different flood behaviors by providing a better understanding of the flood formation. Having 63 years of rainfall-runoff data and applying the HEC-HMS model, geo/hydrological features were investigated. The available reservoir capacity of karts (ARCK) was included through soil moisture accounting loss data to assess its impact. In particular, the expected instantaneous peak discharge rates/times were found largely imbalanced with generated unit hydrographs. Moreover, significant gaps among the floods’ features for different subbasins in terms of required peak modifications (2–4 times larger for mid-upstream, respectively) were mainly associated with the unique karst structure and initial condition due to various ARCK in rainy/dry seasons. Besides, notable dissimilarities between the wedge/prism storage volumes and the hydrograph’s wave traveling/receding time were observed owing to the geomorphological conditions. Although the contribution rates of drivers in karst flood formation cannot be quantitively modeled, based on our results the ARCK emerged to play a substantial role on the forecasted results, comparatively. Our results suggest that since ARCK varies, taking it into account (as initial abstraction) results in a more reliable estimation. This was underpinned by the results in which the unmodified simulations had a qualified rate of 52% accuracy on average and increased to 67.5% after the ARCK inclusion. This work adds to the body of evidence illustrating that in karst hydrology, ignoring the situational circumstances in modeling might lead to inaccuracies in flood forecasting for such dynamic watersheds.
Integrative Approaches of DNA Methylation Patterns According to Age,
Sex and Longitudinal Changes
Authors: Gim Jeong-An 
Published: December 2022

Background:
In humans, age-related DNA methylation has been studied in blood, tissues,
buccal swabs, and fibroblasts, and changes in DNA methylation patterns according to age and sex
have been detected. To date, approximately 137,000 samples have been analyzed from 14,000 studies,
and the information has been uploaded to the NCBI GEO database.

Methods:
A correlation between age and methylation level and longitudinal changes in methylation
levels was revealed in both sexes. Here, 20 public datasets derived from whole blood were analyzed
using the Illumina BeadChip. Batch effects with respect to the time differences were correlated. The
overall change in the pattern was provided as the inverse of the coefficient of variation (COV).

Results:
Of the 20 datasets, nine were from a longitudinal study. All data had age and sex as common
variables. Comprehensive details of age-, sex-, and longitudinal change-based DNA methylation levels
in the whole blood sample were elucidated in this study. ELOVL2 and FHL2 showed the maximum
correlation between age and DNA methylation. The methylation patterns of genes related to mental
health differed according to age. Age-correlated genes have been associated with malformations (anteverted
nostril, craniofacial abnormalities, and depressed nasal bridge) and drug addiction (drug habituation
and smoking).

Conclusion:
Based on 20 public DNA methylation datasets, methylation levels according to age and
longitudinal changes by sex were identified and visualized using an integrated approach. The results
highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of sex and biological age with changes
in DNA methylation, and the importance of optimal genomic information management.
Emerging Trends and Future Challenges of Nanovaccine Delivery via
Nasal Route
Authors: Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , Raghuvanshi Akash , Shah Kamal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The mucosal surfaces are the key site of the entrance, protection, and stability of several pathogens. Considering that >90% of pathogens gain access to the body via mucosal sites, using mucosal vaccination to generate protective immunity at mucosal sites could overcome. Some of the micro and nano carrier-based nasal delivery systems produce cellular, humoral and mucosal immun-ity. The nasal route vaccination may protect multiple distant mucosal sites like-rectal, vaginal, oral, and pulmonary. Also, it is a convenient and cost-effective vaccination mode with improved patient compliance. Several nasal vaccine delivery systems are currently being supplied in the form of lipo-somes, micro/nano particulates, which have shown immunity in animal models. Especially particu-late nanovaccine has a special character related to long-term immunogenicity and high efficiency. The significance and the ability of the nasal route vaccination programs are unexplained and com-plications; therefore, effective delivery strategies will promote the production of nasal vaccines. The present study focuses on vaccine delivery strategies and their effects on the immune system. Also, the study discusses the benefits of mucosal-associated immune response over the conventional de-livery system for vaccine via the nasal route.
Nanostructured Transition Metal Sulfide-based Glucose and Lactic Acid
Electrochemical Sensors for Clinical Applications
Authors: Maduraiveeran Govindhan , Arivazhagan Mani , Kannan Palanisamy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Engineered nanostructures of mixed transition metal sulfides have emerged as promising nanomaterials (NMs) for various electrochemical sensors and biosensors applications, including glucose sensors (GS) and lactic acid sensors (LAS) in clinical aspects. Electrochemical sensors based on nanostructured materials, such as transition metal sulfides and their nanocomposites, in-cluding graphene, carbon nanotubes, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frame-works, have emerged as potent tools for the monitoring and quantification of biomolecules. Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection systems have generally been established credibly by providing new functional surfaces, miniaturization processes, and different nanostructured mate-rials with exceptional characteristics. This review provides an overview of glucose and lactic acid sensors based on transition metal nanomaterials and their nanocomposites with a detailed discussion about the advantages and challenges. The merits of nanoscale transition metal sulphide-based elec-trochemical sensors and biosensor systems include cost-effectiveness, ease of miniaturization pro-cess, energy- and time-efficient, simple preparation, etc. Moreover, online sensing competence is the dynamic strength for sustained progress of electrochemical detection systems, thus fascinating interdisciplinary research. In particular, we discuss the synthesis, characteristics, electrode construc-tion strategies, and uses in electrochemical sensing of glucose and lactic acid primarily based on our most recent research and other reports. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives of the nanostructured transition metal sulfides-based electrochemical sensing and biosensing systems to-ward the detection of glucose and lactic acid are described.
Manifestations, Prevalence, Management and Outcome of Invasive Aspergillosis
in Post-Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Aliakbarian Mohsen , Khodashahi Rozita , Rezayat Kambiz Akhavan , Naderi Hamid Reza , Khodashahi Mandana , Pasand Maziar Mortazavi , Khaleghi Ebrahim , Moghaddam Maliheh Dadgar 
Published: December 2022

Backgrounds:
Aspergillosis is a severe and fatal complication that causes infection in
transplant recipients and patients with immunodeficiency syndrome, neutropenia, chronic granulomatosis,
and hematologic malignancies. Invasive Aspergillosis has been reported as one of the
fungal infections with high mortality in transplant recipients. This study aimed to describe the
manifestations, prevalence, management and outcome of invasive Aspergillosis fungal infections in
liver transplant patients.

Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with liver transplantation
who were infected with invasive Aspergillosis fungal infections. The data were extracted from
the medical records of the archive of Montasryieh Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, between August 2019
and August 2020.

Results:
In general, 86 patients who had liver transplantation were hospitalized at Montasryieh
Hospital from August 2019 to August 2020. Among them, 10 patients were infected with invasive
Aspergillosis. Only 6.7% of the patients were categorized under late-onset (> 90 days after liver
transplantation), and 93.3% of them were early-onset (< 90 days after liver transplantation). Invasive
Aspergillosis fungal infections were suspected based on clinical or radiological signs (possible
in 30% of cases; n = 3). The probable diagnosis was reported in 60% (n = 6), and the proven diagnosis
was observed only in one patient. In addition, 80% of the patients were diagnosed with Pulmonary
Aspergillosis, and two patients had pulmonary Aspergillosis in combination with the central
nervous system and cutaneous Aspergillosis. A correlation was found between a comorbid disease
and the type of Aspergillosis (r = 0.69; P = 0.02). Voriconazole was effective to treat invasive
Aspergillosis in all patients.

Conclusion:
The prevalence rate of Aspergillosis is relatively high among liver transplant recipient
populations (11%). All recipients infected with Aspergillosis had at least one risk factor, including
an underlying disease. It seems that Voriconazole therapy is effective among transplant patients
with pulmonary Aspergillosis.
voomSOM: voom-based Self-Organizing Maps for Clustering RNASequencing
Data
Authors: Zararsız Gökmen , Cephe Ahu , Koçhan Necla , Zararsız Gözde Ertürk , Eldem Vahap , Coşgun Erdal , Karabulut Erdem 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Due to overdispersion in the RNA-Seq data and its discrete structure, clustering
samples based on gene expression profiles remains a challenging problem, and several clustering
approaches have been developed so far. However, there is no “gold standard” strategy for clustering
RNA-Seq data, so alternative approaches are needed.

Objective:
In this study, we presented a new clustering approach, which incorporates two powerful
methods, i.e., voom and self-organizing maps, into the frequently used clustering algorithms such as kmeans,
k-medoid and hierarchical clustering algorithms for RNA-seq data clustering.

Methods:
We first filter and normalize the raw RNA-seq count data. Then to transform counts into continuous
data, we apply the voom method, which outputs the log-cpm matrix and sample quality weights.
After the voom transformation, we apply the SOM algorithm to log-cpm values to get the codebook
used in the downstream analysis. Next, we calculate the weighted distance matrices using the sample
quality weights obtained from voom transformation and codebooks from the SOM algorithm. Finally,
we apply k-means, k-medoid and hierarchical clustering algorithms to cluster samples.

Results:
The performances of the presented approach and existing methods are compared over simulated
and real datasets. The results show that the new clustering approach performs similarly or better than
other methods in the Rand index and adjusted Rand index. Since the voom method accurately models
the observed mean-variance relationship of RNA-seq data and SOM is an efficient algorithm for modeling
high dimensional data, integrating these two powerful methods into clustering algorithms increases
the performance of clustering algorithms in overdispersed RNA-seq data.

Conclusion:
The proposed algorithm, voomSOM, is an efficient and novel clustering approach that can
be applied to RNA-Seq data clustering problems.
Two-way Road of Kidney and Hypercalcemia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Aghsaeifard Ziba 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Calcium homeostasis is regulated by the dyad of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol, whereas kidney, intestine, and bone are the primary target sites. Elevation of serum calcium levels and hypercalcemia are likely markers of pathological conditions, particularly malignancy and hyperparathyroidism. Similarly, several dysfunctions within the body can direct hypercalcemia. Furthermore, chemicals and drugs can also drive this condition. Owing to the significant role of the kidney in calcium homeostasis, renal abnormalities lead to hypercalcemia and increased calcium levels can have pathological effects on the kidney. This review is designed to highlight some of the commonly known causes of hypercalcemia and their effects on the kidney.
Trends of Dye Removal and Heavy Metal Removal of Different Hydrogel-Based Materials and Their Mixtures
Authors: Abdelhamid Mahy M. , Saleh Shaza H. , Radwan Mostafa. A. , Sadek Mohammed. A. , Darwish Sohair A. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Hydrogels are relatively newly developed materials that has piqued the curiosity of scientists in various fields, particularly for wastewater treatment applications. Heavy metal ions and dye removal hydrogels is becoming more popular due to its ease of use, low cost, increased effectiveness, biodegradability, and reusability.

Objective
Evaluate and study the adsorption behaviour of different hydrogel materials towards heavy metal ions and dyes.

Methods
The hydrogels investigated are Poly(2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulphonic Acid) (PAMPS) hydrogels, commercial sodium polyacrylates (Na-PA), chitosan (CH), along with their binary and ternary mixtures. A semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) based on PAMPS and Na-PA was also investigated. The performance of each hydrogel towards six different heavy metals (Co+2, Cu+2, Ni+2, Cd+2, Zn+2, and Mn+2), cationic Methylene Blue (MB) dye, and anionic Methyl Orange (MO) dye, was studied and analysed.

Results
It was found that the Na-PA/CH hydrogel was the best performing hydrogel for heavy metal removal, removing more than 84% of all metals, followed by PAMPS/Na-PA which removed up to 70%. The best hydrogel mixture with both cationic and anionic dyes is PAMPS/CH, removing 90.1% and 85%, respectively. The proposed dye removal mechanism is electrostatic attraction between the dyes and the charged functional groups on the hydrogel’s surface.

Conclusion
It is concluded that the use of Na-PA with CH for heavy metal removal yields better results than when using each hydrogel separately. For dye removal, it was found that combining PAMPS with CH creates a very promising hydrogel suitable for removing both anionic and cationic dyes, which is critical for industrial applications.