bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping and validation of the epistatic D and P genes controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in the peel of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruit
Authors: You Qian , Li Huimin , Wu Jun , Li Tao , Wang Yikui , Sun Guangwen , Li Zhiliang , Sun Baojuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fruit color is an important trait influencing the commercial value of eggplant fruits. Three dominant genes (D, P and Y) cooperatively control the anthocyanin coloration in eggplant fruits, but none has been mapped. In this study, two white-fruit accessions (19 141 and 19 147) and their F2 progeny, with 9:7 segregation ratio of anthocyanin pigmented versus non-pigmented fruits, were used for mapping the D and P genes. A high-density genetic map was constructed with 5270 SNPs spanning 1997.98 cM. Three QTLs were identified, including two genes on chromosome 8 and one on chromosome 10. Gene expression analyses suggested that the SmANS on chromosome 8 and SmMYB1 on chromosome 10 were the putative candidate genes for P and D, respectively. We further identified (1) a SNP leading to a premature stop codon within the conserved PLN03176 domain of SmANS in 19 141, (2) a G base InDel in the promoter region leading to an additional cis-regulatory element and (3) a 6-bp InDel within the R2-MYB DNA binding domain of SmMYB1, in 19 147. Subsequently, these three variations were validated by PARMS technology as related to phenotypes in the F2 population. Moreover, silencing of SmANS or SmMYB1 in the purple red fruits of F1 (E3316) led to inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the peels. Conversely, overexpression of SmANS or SmMYB1 restored anthocyanin biosynthesis in the calli of 19 141 and 19 147 respectively. Our findings demonstrated the epistatic interactions underlying the white color of eggplant fruits, which can be potentially applied to breeding of eggplant fruit peel color.
How design rules emerge and evolve: a coevolutionary architectural perspective on firm and industry organization
Authors: Sanchez Ron , Galvin Peter , Bach Norbert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper elaborates on how design rules emerge and evolve as firms’ micro-level choices of product and organization architectures coevolve with changes in product markets and an industry’s competitive and cooperative dynamics. We suggest that the design rules a firm adopts will vary according to firms’ strategic choices of product and organization architectures that they believe are or may become feasible in a given industry. Building on the mirroring hypothesis that product designs a firm adopts will influence the organization designs it uses, we develop a model that identifies key relationships that influence firms’ strategic choices of product and organization architectures and associated design rules. We then elaborate on key interactions between firm-level architectural choices and the architecture-enabled competitive and cooperative dynamics that obtain in an industry. Our model identifies strategically important aspects of open- and closed-system architectures and modular and nonmodular architectures that impact industry structures, interfirm interactions, and resulting industry dynamics. Drawing on these analyses, we suggest how firms’ strategic choices of architectures are influenced by their assessments of (i) the potential for capturing value through both gains from specialization and gains from trade that firms believe will be enabled by their architectural choices and (ii) both ex ante and ex post transaction costs implied by their architecture decisions. We conclude by suggesting how the perspective on firm’s strategic architectural decisions we develop here enables new approaches to understanding evolutions of both product markets and industry structures for serving product markets.
Management of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Using Early Combination Therapy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Amniotic Membrane Grafting: A Case Report
Authors: Bashiri Aliabadi Somaye , Haghani Dogahe Zahra , Feizkhah Alireza , Mobayen Mohammadreza , Mirbolouk Batoul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractToxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a devastating challenge faced by wound care practitioners. However, surgical management with amniotic membrane graft (AMG) promises better results in scar healing, but there is a lack of additional intervention to reduce the high mortality rate in those patients who are admitted with poor prognosis clinical situation. There is supportive evidence that combination therapy with AMG and early high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as early management in TEN could improve the prognosis. In this study, the authors present a 61-year-old female who presented with a widespread macular lesion on the trunk, upper extremities, and face. The patient was treated with early amniotic membrane grafting and high-dose IVIG and achieved satisfactory results. Complete wound healing was achieved in 21 days. There were no acute or chronic complications, consisting of infection of the skin areas, gastrointestinal bleeding, pleural effusion, and severe ocular mucous membrane damage.
Analysis of a large case series of fatal familial insomnia to determine tests with the highest diagnostic value
Authors: Kortazar-Zubizarreta Izaro , Eraña Hasier , Pereda Arrate , Charco Jorge M , Manero-Azua Africa , Ruiz-Onandi Rebeca , Aguirre Urko , Gonzalez-Chinchon Gonzalo ,   Basque Prionopathies Study Group, Prieto-Tedejo R , Somme J H , Perez Arantza Onaindia , Garcia-Moncó J C , Matute A , Uterga J M , Antigüedad A R , Losada J M , Velasco-Palacios L , Pinedo-Brochado A , Escalza I , González-Pinto T , López de Munain A , Moreno F , Zarranz Juan José , Pozo Nagore Siles , Jimenez Karol , Piñeiro Patricia , Perez de Nanclares Guiomar , Castilla Joaquín 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare prionopathy with unusually high incidence in the Basque Country. We report detailed data on clinical, diagnostic, histopathological, and biochemical characteristics of a recent FFI case series. The Basque Brain Bank database was screened for patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2021 with standard genetic and/or neuropathological criteria. This series includes 16 patients, 25% without family history, with 12 cases from 9 unrelated (but geographically-linked, Basque country) kindreds, onset ranging from 36 to 70 years, and disease course from 7 to 11.5 months. Insomnia was the initial symptom in most cases, with consistent polysomnography in 92% of the cases. In contrast, 14-3-3 and RT-QuIC from cerebrospinal fluid were negative. Most patients were homozygous for methionine. Gliosis and neuronal loss in basal ganglia and thalamus were the main histopathological findings; Western blotting identified preferentially the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) type 2, although detection of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) identified using brain tissue RT-QuIC was more successful. This is one of the largest current studies on FFI patients performed to provide improvements in diagnostic reliability. Among the analyzed tests, polysomnography and the genetic study show the highest diagnostic value in FFI.
The Importance of Medical Laboratory Scientists and the Number of Doctoral Scientists that Began Their Career by Working on the Front Lines of Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Sautter Rl , Halstead Dc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Due to dwindling numbers of medical laboratory scientists (MLS), we are faced with staffing issues due to lack of visibility, recognition, low wages, and perceived lack of opportunities for upward career mobility. A brief survey of doctoral-level clinical microbiologists showed a significant number were certified, worked “the bench,” and used this experience as a steppingstone to become a laboratory director or consultant.

Objectives
To help dispel the notion working as an MLS is a dead-end job, the authors developed an expanded national survey.

Methods
The survey was sent to 815 board-certified microbiologists and chemists to determine their career path. Results indicated that of 243 respondents, 41.3% were MLS certified, 47.1% had worked “the bench,” and 51.9% and 63.5% became laboratory or technical directors, respectively.

Conclusion
Survey results provide evidence to dispel the notion that MLS and bench working jobs lack upward career mobility and may inspire students for a career in laboratory medicine.
Surgical Training for a Disaster: Preparation of Surgical Trainees for Victims of Conflict
Authors: Franko Jace J P , Vu Michael M , Parsons Michael E , Sohn Vance Y , Bingham Jason R 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With increasing global unrest and military physician shortages potentially leading to a surgeon draft, we sought to evaluate the readiness of graduating general surgery residents to care for casualties of war.

Materials and Methods
We evaluated the National Data Reports of Surgery Case Logs for general surgery residents from 2009 to 2018 to quantify experience with key procedures that provide critical skills required for wartime surgery. Reported cases from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education for graduating residents from civilian and military residency programs were analyzed for 28 individual procedures determined to be critical for the care of combat casualties. These included central and peripheral vascular procedures, as well as neck, thoracic, abdominal, and peripheral interventions.

Results
From 2009 to 2018, there has been a significant decrease in wartime-relevant cases by graduating residents. Notably, these include aorto-iliac/femoral bypasses (50% reduction; 7.1%/year; P &lt; .001), femoral-popliteal bypasses (60% reduction; 6.9%/year; P &lt; .001), femoral-femoral bypasses (30% reduction; 2.6%/year; P &lt; .001), upper extremity amputations (50% reduction; 6.4%/year; P = .016), fasciotomies for trauma (50% reduction; 4.5%/year; P = .013), open repair of ruptured infrarenal aorto-iliac aneurysms (70% reduction; 5.8%/year; P &lt; .001), repair of traumatic aorta or vena cava injuries (70% reduction; 7%/year; P = .007), carotid endarterectomies (40% reduction; 4%/year; P &lt; .001), lung resections (40% reduction; 3.7%/year; P = .001), trauma splenectomies/splenorrhaphy (30% reduction; 2.9%/year; P &lt; .001), and repair of traumatic liver lacerations (30% reduction; 2.5%/year; P = .036).

Conclusions
Graduating general surgery residents has limited exposure to wartime critical skills due to a significant reduction in open vascular, head and neck, thoracic, and operative trauma cases. As the threat of global war persists and new graduates continue to deploy worldwide, residency training must be augmented to ensure adequate preparation in case a surgeon draft is required to fulfill demand for military surgeons.
Sporotrichosis in dogs: epidemiological and clinical-therapeutic profile and the emergence of itraconazole-resistant isolates
Authors: Baes Pereira Sergiane , dos Reis Gomes Angelita , Bressan Waller Stefanie , Batista Xavier Jose Raphael , Messias Rodrigues Anderson , Kutscher Ripoll Márcia , Ferreira Marcos Roberto Alves , Rochedo Conceição Fabricio , Osório de Faria Renata , Pascoti Bruhn Fabio Raphael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSporotrichosis is a neglected and emerging mycosis caused by the traumatic implantation of Sporothrix propagules into the (sub)cutaneous tissues of humans and animals. We evaluated canine sporotrichosis's clinical-therapeutic, epidemiological profile, and in vitro susceptibility of isolates to itraconazole. The variables were evaluated by a chi-square test. A total of 69 dogs were infected with Sporothrix spp., and the molecular identification revealed an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. The epidemiological profile was male (56.5%), adults (4.9 ± 1.92 years old; 69.6%), and mongrels (53.6%). The clinical signs were 76.8%, ulcers, draining tracts, and nodules were predominant, mainly in the nasal region (82.2%). Dogs were diagnosed late with an evolution time of up to 3 months (34.8%). According to the prior therapeutic information, 52.2% received empirical therapy, 79.2% antibiotics, and had a 0.29 significantly greater chance of presenting lesion evolution time ˃ 3 months (P &lt; .05; Odds Ratio [OR] 1/0.29). Additionally, 25 S. brasiliensis isolates recovered between 2006–2012 (n = 15; Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.06–2 μg/ml) and 2013–2018 (n = 10; MIC: 2→16 μg/ml) were tested against itraconazole (ITZ). These findings highlighted the resistance to ITZ in clinical cases due to S. brasiliensis occurring after 2013, showing the temporal evolution of ITZ-resistance. We warn of the importance of accurate and early diagnosis in Sporothrix-affected areas, and we report the emergence of ITZ-resistant isolates in Southern Brazil.
On the peculiar rotational evolution of PSR B0950+08
Authors: Gügercinoğlu Erbil , Köksal Elif , Güver Tolga 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The long-term rotational evolution of the old, isolated pulsar, PSR B0950+08, is intriguing in that its spin-down rate displays sinusoidal-like oscillations due to alternating variations, both in magnitude and sign, of the second time derivative of the pulse frequency. We show that the large internal temperature to pinning energy ratio towards the base of the crust implied by the recent high surface temperature measurement of PSR B0950+08 leads to linear creep interaction between vortex lines and pinning sites to operate in this pulsar. Vortex lines assume a parabolic shape due to pinning to nuclear clusters and finite tension of vortices acts as a restoring force that tends to bring a vortex back to its straight shape. The resulting low-frequency oscillations of vortex lines combined with the time variable coupling between the internal superfluid components and the external pulsar braking torque give rise to an oscillatory spin-down rate. We apply this model to PSR B0950+08 observations for several external torque models. Our model has potential to constrain the radial extension of the closed magnetic field region in the outer core of neutron stars from the oscillation period of the spin-down rate.
A galactic breeze origin for the Fermi bubbles emission
Authors: Tourmente Olivier , Rodgers-Lee D , Taylor Andrew M 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The origin of the Fermi bubbles, which constitute two gamma-ray emitting lobes above and below the Galactic plane, remains unclear. The possibility that this Fermi bubbles gamma-ray emission originates from hadronic cosmic rays advected by a subsonic Galactic outflow, or breeze, is here explored. The simulation of a breeze solution and subsequent cosmic ray transport is carried out using the hydrodynamical code, PLUTO, in combination with a cosmic ray transport code. The Galactic outflow model obtained is found to be compatible with both inferences of the decelerating outflow velocity profile of the gas in the Fermi bubbles region, and evidence for the presence of a large amount of hot ionized gas out in the Galactic halo region. Although simple, this model is found to be able to reproduce the observed Fermi-LAT energy flux at high Galactic latitudes. Following these results a prediction concerning the gamma-ray emission for 1–3 TeV photons is made for future comparison with CTA/SWGO measurements.
A Fisher matrix for gravitational-wave population inference
Authors: Gair Jonathan R , Antonelli Andrea , Barbieri Riccardo 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We derive a Fisher matrix for the parameters characterizing a population of gravitational-wave events. This provides a guide to the precision with which population parameters can be estimated with multiple observations, which becomes increasingly accurate as the number of events and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled events increase. The formalism takes into account individual event measurement uncertainties and selection effects, and can be applied to arbitrary population models. We illustrate the framework with two examples: an analytical calculation of the Fisher matrix for the mean and variance of a Gaussian model describing a population affected by selection effects, and an estimation of the precision with which the slope of a power-law distribution of supermassive black hole masses can be measured using extreme-mass-ratio inspiral observations. We compare the Fisher predictions to results from Monte Carlo analyses, finding very good agreement.
Teens Less Susceptible to Vaping When Restricted to Tobacco-Flavored E-cigarettes: Implications for Flavored Tobacco Policies
Authors: Helgertz Sharrilyn , Kingsbury John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionFlavors added to tobacco products increase their appeal to youth and contribute to the youth vaping epidemic. To address this problem, over 340 localities have implemented various policies to restrict access to flavored tobacco products. Few studies have examined the extent to which restricting available e-cigarette flavors might affect e-cigarette initiation or cessation among youth.Aims and MethodsA representative sample of Minnesota teens were asked about their use of e-cigarettes, symptoms of e-cigarette dependence and their willingness to use an e-cigarette under four flavor conditions: unspecified (any flavor); menthol, tobacco, or unflavored. Respondents with data on all four flavor conditions were included in the analysis (N = 2151).ResultsCochran’s Q, McNemar, and exact binomial tests revealed that susceptibility to e-cigarette use was highest when the flavor was unspecified (38.2%), lower for unflavored (29.7%) and menthol-flavored e-cigarettes (26.7%), and lowest when the flavor was tobacco (21.0%). Among the subsets of students who had never tried e-cigarettes and students who reported signs of e-cigarette dependence, the largest decrease in susceptibility from unspecified flavor e-cigarettes was observed for tobacco-flavor, a decrease of 12.7 and 19.6 percentage points, respectively.ConclusionsWhether teens had no experience using e-cigarettes or showed signs of dependence, the percentage of teens who were susceptible to using e-cigarettes was significantly lower when the flavor available was restricted. Susceptibility was lower for tobacco- and menthol-flavored than unflavored e-cigarettes, suggesting that teens consider these flavors aversive.ImplicationsThese results suggest that policies that eliminate all e-cigarette flavors except tobacco may be a powerful tool for advancing youth e-cigarette prevention and cessation goals by reducing the appeal of e-cigarettes to teens with different levels of experience with them, including teens who have never tried e-cigarettes and those who may find it difficult to quit using them.
Differentiation of central disorders of hypersomnolence with manual and artificial-intelligence-derived polysomnographic measures
Authors: Cesari Matteo , Egger Kristin , Stefani Ambra , Bergmann Melanie , Ibrahim Abubaker , Brandauer Elisabeth , Högl Birgit , Heidbreder Anna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Differentiation of central disorders of hypersomnolence (DOH) is challenging but important for patient care. This study aimed to investigate whether biomarkers derived from sleep structure evaluated both by manual scoring as well as with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms allow distinction of patients with different DOH. We included video-polysomnography data of 40 narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), 26 narcolepsy type 2 (NT2), 23 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) and 54 participants with subjective excessive daytime sleepiness (sEDS). Sleep experts manually scored sleep stages. A previously validated AI algorithm was employed to obtain automatic hypnograms and hypnodensity graphs (where each epoch is represented as a mixture of sleep stage probabilities). One-thousand-three features describing sleep architecture and instability were extracted from manual/automatic hypnogram and hypnodensity graphs. After feature selection, random forest classifiers were trained and tested in a 5-fold-cross-validation scheme to distinguish groups pairwise (NT1-vs-NT2, NT1-vs-IH, …) and single groups from the pooled remaining ones (NT1-vs-rest, NT2-vs-rest,…). The accuracy/F1-score values obtained in the test sets were: 0.74 ± 0.04/0.79 ± 0.05 (NT1-vs-NT2), 0.89 ± 0.09/0.91 ± 0.08 (NT1-vs-IH), 0.93 ± 0.06/0.91 ± 0.07 (NT1-vs-sEDS), 0.88 ± 0.04/0.80 ± 0.07 (NT1-vs-rest), 0.65 ± 0.10/0.70 ± 0.09 (NT2-vs-IH), 0.72 ± 0.12/0.60 ± 0.10 (NT2-vs-sEDS), 0.54 ± 0.19/0.38 ± 0.13 (NT2-vs-rest), 0.57 ± 0.11/0.35 ± 0.18 (IH-vs-sEDS), 0.71 ± 0.08/0.35 ± 0.10 (IH-vs-rest) and 0.76 ± 0.08/0.71 ± 0.13 (sEDS-vs-rest). The results confirm previous findings on sleep instability in patients with NT1 and show that combining manual and automatic AI-based sleep analysis could be useful for better distinction of NT2 from IH, but no precise sleep biomarker of NT2 or IH could be identified. Validation in a larger and multi-centric cohort is needed to confirm these findings.
Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes via telehealth in conjunction with remote patient monitoring: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Longwitz Ashley , Palokas Michelle 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The purpose of this evidence implementation project was to promote evidence-based practices regarding the delivery of diabetes self-management education via telehealth in conjunction with remote patient monitoring within the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Center for Telehealth.

Introduction:
Diabetes self-management education plays a critical role in supporting self-care behaviors that can improve glycemic control, but certain patient populations have poor access to this service. Telehealth offers an innovative approach to addressing geographical and socioeconomic barriers to diabetes self-management education.

Methods:
This evidence implementation project used the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) framework for promoting evidence-based healthcare.

Application:
A baseline audit was conducted to identify areas of strengths where best practices were already being implemented and areas of opportunity for improvement. The project team aligned on practical and sustainable interventions for delivering optimal diabetes self-management education via telehealth. Postimplementation audits were conducted to determine success of the interventions.

Results:
Baseline audits revealed an average compliance of 47.7% with five best practices for diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes via telehealth. After strategies to improve compliance were implemented, compliance improved to 80%.

Conclusions:
The objectives of this project were realized. The team was able to promote evidence-based practices regarding the delivery of education via telehealth in conjunction with remote patient monitoring, as evidenced by a measurable improvement in adherence to best practices. The primary intervention focused on individualization of education based on patient-specific needs.