bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karavannoe: Mineralogy, trace element geochemistry, and origin of Eagle Station group pallasites
Authors: Teplyakova Svetlana N. , Lorenz Cyril A. , Ivanova Marina A. , Humayun Munir , Kononkova Nataliya N. , Borisovsky Sergey E. , Korochantsev Alexander V. , Franchi Ian A. , Zinovieva Nina G. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTKaravannoe is a pallasite found in Russia in 2010. The mineralogy, chemistry, and oxygen isotopic composition indicate that Karavannoe is a member of the Eagle Station Pallasite (ESP) group. Karavannoe contains mostly olivine and subdued interstitial Fe,Ni‐metal. Zoned distribution of FeO in small, rounded grains of olivine and FeO and Al2O3 in chromite shows that the cooling rate of the melt was fast during the crystallization of the round olivine grains. Siderophile element distribution and correlations of Au‐As and Os‐Ir concentrations in Karavannoe and the other ESP metal record its magmatic origin. FeO‐rich composition of olivine, low W and Ga, and high Ni abundances in the Karavannoe metal indicate the formation of the metal from an oxidized chondrite precursor. Model calculations demonstrate that the ESPs’ metal compositions correspond to the solids of the fractional crystallization of CV‐ or CO‐chondrite‐derived metallic liquids. The Karavannoe metal composition corresponds to the solid fraction crystallized after ~40% fractional crystallization. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) atom ratio of complementary silicate liquid corresponds to Fo70, possibly indicating that the olivine is not in equilibrium with the metal and could have been a product of the late evolutionary processes in the Karavannoe parent body mantle. In any ESP genesis Karavannoe was not in equilibrium with its metal and is a product of mantle differentiation processes. Olivine of Karavannoe and ESPs is similar in composition, while the metal is different. We propose a model of ESP formation involving an impact‐induced intrusion of liquid core metal into a basal mantle layer, followed by fractional crystallization of the metal. The metal textures and chemical zoning of Karavannoe minerals point to remelting and rapid cooling due to a later impact event.
Systematic review: Clinical effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Schuitenmaker Jeroen M. , Kuipers Thijs , Smout André J.P.M. , Fockens Paul , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundNocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms have a major impact on sleep quality and are associated with complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed a systematic review to assess the data on the effectiveness of the currently available interventions for the treatment of nocturnal reflux symptoms.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. All prospective, controlled, and uncontrolled clinical trials in adult patients describing interventions (lifestyle modifications, surgical and pharmacological) for nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were assessed for eligibility. A narrative descriptive summary of findings is presented together with summary tables for study characteristics and quality assessment.Key ResultsThe initial reference search yielded 3067 citations; 66 citations were screened in full text, of which 31 articles were included. Studies on lifestyle modifications include head of bed elevation (n = 5), prolonging dinner‐to‐bed time (n = 2), and promoting left lateral decubitus position (n = 2). Placebo‐controlled clinical trials investigating proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (n = 11) show success rates ranging from 34.4% to 80.8% in the PPI group versus 10.4%–51.7% in the placebo group. Laparoscopic fundoplication is reserved for severe disease only. There is insufficient evidence for a recommendation on the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), hypnotics, baclofen and adding bedtime H2 receptor antagonists for reducing nocturnal reflux.Conclusion InferencesA sequential treatment strategy, including head of bed elevation, prolonging dinner‐to‐bed time, promoting left lateral decubitus position and treatment with acid‐suppressive medication is recommended for nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Currently, there is insufficient evidence for the use of nCPAP, hypnotics, baclofen and adding bedtime H2 receptor antagonists.
Ketamine‐dexmedetomidine combination for sedation in pediatric major surgery in a low‐income country
Authors: Vila Moutinho Tavares Sofia , Tavares João C. , Borges Marques Joana , Teixeira de Figueiredo Joana , Passos de Souza Renato Lucas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnorectal malformations are one of the most frequent congenital malformations treated by pediatric surgeons. In low‐income countries, the surgical and anesthetic management of children in need of these procedures can be challenging. Limited oxygen supply, lack of equipment, especially pediatric, and intensive care units make the use of regional anesthesia appealing. We present a series of four cases of anorectal malformations corrections in Guinea Bissau, in children up to 13 months of age, under regional anesthesia and sedation with ketodex, a mixture of ketamine and dexmedetomidine (in a proportion of 1 mg to 1 μg). No child developed respiratory depression requiring airway intervention or supplemental oxygen, or had hemodynamic instability.
The plant epitranscriptome: revisiting pseudouridine and 2′‐O‐methyl RNA modifications
Authors: Ramakrishnan Muthusamy , Rajan K. Shanmugha , Mullasseri Sileesh , Palakkal Sarin , Kalpana Krishnan , Sharma Anket , Zhou Mingbing , Vinod Kunnummal Kurungara , Ramasamy Subbiah , Wei Qiang 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThere is growing evidence that post‐transcriptional RNA modifications are highly dynamic and can be used to improve crop production. Although more than 172 unique types of RNA modifications have been identified throughout the kingdom of life, we are yet to leverage upon the understanding to optimize RNA modifications in crops to improve productivity. The contributions of internal mRNA modifications such as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) methylations to embryonic development, root development, leaf morphogenesis, flowering, fruit ripening and stress response are sufficiently known, but the roles of the two most abundant RNA modifications, pseudouridine (Ψ) and 2′‐O‐methylation (Nm), in the cell remain unclear due to insufficient advances in high‐throughput technologies in plant development. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the latest methods and insights gained in mapping internal Ψ and Nm and their unique properties in plants and other organisms. In addition, we discuss the limitations that remain in high‐throughput technologies for qualitative and quantitative mapping of these RNA modifications and highlight future challenges in regulating the plant epitranscriptome.
Multienvironment QTL analysis delineates a major locus associated with homoeologous exchanges for water‐use efficiency and seed yield in canola
Authors: Raman Harsh , Raman Rosy , Pirathiban Ramethaa , McVittie Brett , Sharma Niharika , Liu Shengyi , Qiu Yu , Zhu Anyu , Kilian Andrzej , Cullis Brian , Farquhar Graham D. , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , White Rosemary , Tabah David , Easton Andrew , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCanola varieties exhibit variation in drought avoidance and drought escape traits, reflecting adaptation to water‐deficit environments. Our understanding of underlying genes and their interaction across environments in improving crop productivity is limited. A doubled haploid population was analysed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with water‐use efficiency (WUE) related traits. High WUE in the vegetative phase was associated with low seed yield. Based on the resequenced parental genome data, we developed sequence‐capture‐based markers and validated their linkage with carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in an F2population. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the expression of candidate genes underlying Δ13C QTL. QTL contributing to main and QTL × environment interaction effects for Δ13C and yield were identified. One multiple‐trait QTL for Δ13C, days to flower, plant height, and seed yield was identified on chromosome A09. Interestingly, this QTL region overlapped with a homoeologous exchange (HE) event, suggesting its association with the multiple traits. Transcriptome analysis revealed 121 significantly differentially expressed genes underlying Δ13C QTL on A09 and C09, including in HE regions. Sorting out the negative relationship between vegetative WUE and seed yield is a priority. Genetic and genomic resources and knowledge so developed could improve canola WUE and yield.
Abnormal gut microbiota and bile acids in patients with first‐episode major depressive disorder and correlation analysis
Authors: Sun Ning , Zhang Jie , Wang Jizhi , Liu Zhifen , Wang Xin , Kang Pengli , Yang Chunxia , Liu Penghong , Zhang Kerang 
Published: April 2022

AimGut microbiota and its metabolite bile acids may play a significant role in the occurrence and development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study analyzes gut microbiota and bile acids, as well as their correlation in patients.MethodsThirty‐one patients with MDD and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. We collected their both blood and feces. Plasma bile acid content was determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was detected by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and subsequently analyzed. We also analyzed the correlation between different gut microbiota, bile acids, and Hamilton Depression (HAMD) score.ResultsThe α‐diversity analysis found that Simpson and Pielou evenness index was much higher in HCs than in the patients with MDD. The β‐diversity of the two groups were differences by nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified 16 different strains. Bile acids detection showed that 23‐nordeoxycholic acid in patients with MDD was significantly higher than in HCs, whereas taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), and lithocholic acid 3‐sulfate were significantly lower. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Turicibacteraceae, Turicibacterales, and Turicibacter were positively related with TLCA, GLCA, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), and taurodeoxycholic acid, and were negatively correlated with HAMD score. At the same time, TLCA, GLCA, and GDCA were negatively correlated with HAMD score.ConclusionsGut microbiota and bile acids metabolism are disturbances in MDD, and there exists a correlation between gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism. Moreover, their interaction may be related to the pathophysiological mechanism of MDD.
Buying innovation: An examination of public–private partnerships and the decision process for contracting out innovation
Authors: Kuchina‐Musina Dolores , Morris John C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInnovation policy combines systems and organizations that may intentionally or unintentionally influence innovation. Public Procurement and innovation are associated in two separate ways: public procurement can be used as a tool to stimulate innovation resulting in a new type of product or to open the marketplace for innovation without a specific product. The purpose of this article is to examine the procurement process's emphasis on competition and its effects on innovative products and services. By applying the public procurement and innovation policy goals, the demand can be met as a cost‐effective and value‐adding asset. We argue that public–private partnerships could (and should) leverage the private sector for innovative solutions; however, the current structure of policy and demand does not encourage this relationship.Related ArticlesFowler, Luke. 2019. “Obstacles and Motivators for Partnership Formation in a Multidimensional Environment.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 267–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12293Mitchell, Joshua L., and Adam M. Butz. 2019. “Social Control Meets New Public Management: Examining the Diffusion of State Prison Privatization, 1979‐2010.” Politics & Policy 47(3): 506–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12309Morris, John C. 2007. “Government and Market Pathologies of Privatization: The Case of Prison Privatization.” Politics & Policy 35(2): 318–41. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00062.x
Application of data mining to minimize fire‐induced domino effect risks
Authors: Ding Long , Khan Faisal , Ji Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractData mining (DM) has been applied in many advanced science and technology fields, but it has still not been used for domino effect risk management to explore minimum risk scenarios. This work investigates the feasibility of DM in minimizing the risk of fire‐induced domino effects in chemical processing facilities. Based on DM, an evidential failure mode and effects analysis (E‐FMEA), which could bridge chemical facilities’ operational reliability and domino effect risk, is combined with fault tree analysis (FTA) for the occurrence risk modeling of loss of containment (LOC) event of chemical facilities, which is often the triggering point of fire‐induced domino effects. Industry specific data such as reliability data, inspection records, and maintenance records are of great value to model the potential occurrence criticality of LOC. The data are used to characterize the LOC risk priority number (RPN) of chemical facilities through FTA and E‐FMEA, search and statistics rules are proposed to mine inspection records to assess LOC risk factors. According to the RPN scores of facilities, inherent safety strategies to minimize risk via inventory control are proposed, and their effectiveness is tested using a well‐known probit model. In this way, the approach proposes a unit‐specific evidence‐based risk minimization strategy for fire‐induced domino effects. A case study demonstrates the capability of DM in the risk minimization of fire‐induced domino effects.
Let's talk about the Israel–Palestine conflict: Does exposure to political comedy about the Middle East influence policy attitudes?
Authors: Becker Amy B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe research considers the impact of exposure to political comedy focused on the crisis in the Middle East on viewers' attitudes toward the Israeli/Palestinian conflict.MethodsData from a four‐group experiment were analyzed (N = 240; August 2021). Video stimuli were drawn from Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, The Daily Show with Trevor Noah, Late Night with Seth Meyers, and Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.ResultsThe results suggest that exposure to this critical content has a limited but significant effect on issue attitudes. Specifically, subjects exposed to satire about the conflict in the Middle East were significantly less likely to suggest that the United States is too supportive of the Palestinians and were marginally less likely to suggest that the Hamas response to the crisis goes too far, that the Israeli government is making a sincere effort to bring about peace, and that there is a way for Israel and an independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully.ConclusionThe implications of the findings and the potential influence of satire on foreign policy issue attitudes are discussed.
Water storage in cratonic mantle
Authors: Chin Emily J. , Palin Richard M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKnowledge of the water capacity of the deep lithosphere is crucial for validating models of craton growth and for constraining solid earth volatile cycles over geologic time. However, experimental constraints on water solubility and partitioning often disagree with natural rock data. We present a bulk compositionally dependent model of water storage capacity in pyrolite over a range of lithospheric mantle pressures and temperatures. Models are compared against published xenolith nominally anhydrous mineral (NAM) water contents, which have been recalculated to reflect the last water content of the mantle lithosphere by using coexisting pyroxene water contents in the same samples. Our main findings are that (1) regardless of tectonic setting, olivine records similar recalculated water contents, suggesting a common level of water undersaturation in the lithospheric mantle, and (2) equilibrium water partitioning between clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene (Dcpx/opx) increases down‐temperature. We propose these trends may be explained by re‐hydration/re‐fertilization of cratonic mantle early during coalescence, followed by cooling‐induced water exsolution from orthopyroxene and garnet formation as cratons thicken and stabilize.
Uncertainty Measurement of the Prediction of the Remaining Useful Life of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Sun Hongchun , Wu Chenchen , Lei Zunyang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the study of the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of neural networks based on deep learning, most of the RUL prediction models use point estimation models. However, due to the influence of the measurement noise and the parameters in the deep learning model, the prediction results will be quite different, which makes the point prediction meaningless. For this reason, this paper proposes a multi-scale convolutional neural network based on approximate Bayesian inference to realize the credibility measurement of bearing RUL prediction results. First, in order to avoid the problem of insufficient single-scale feature representation, parallel multiple dilated convolutions are used to extract multiple features. At the same time, the channel attention mechanism is used to allocate its importance, which can avoid the redundancy of multi-dimensional information. Then, Monte Carlo Dropout can be used to describe the probability characteristics of the results, so as to achieve the measurement of the uncertainty of the RUL prediction results. Finally, the prediction and health management data set is used to verify that the method has less volatility compared with the traditional point estimation prediction results, which provides a more valuable reference for predictive maintenance.
Computational Investigation on the Influence of Expandable Blades on the Performance of a Savonius Wind Turbine
Authors: Bouzaher Mohamed Taher , Guerira Belhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To improve the efficiency of a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine, this investigation proposes the use of expandable blades instead of rigid blades. The expandable blades have the ability to change their form during the turbine rotation. The expansion of the advancing blade increases the positive torque, and the contraction of the returning blade decreases the negative torque, which boosts the turbine efficiency. Two-dimensional numerical simulations have been carried out using the commercial code ansys fluent 18.0 with a deformable mesh to fit the changing shape of the blades during the rotation cycle. The paper involves the effect of the expansion amplitude as well as the effect of the blades gap and overlap ratios on the turbine overall performance. The numerical model is validated by comparison of predictions with experimental results. Results show that the torque coefficient is improved by about 24% for the lowest expansion amplitude and by about 90.6% for the highest expansion amplitude. A further improvement of 7% is recorded for an expandable turbine with a gap ratio of 1/20 the turbine diameter.
Effect of Channel Designs and Its Optimization for Enhanced Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Solar Air Heater
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Ajeet Pratap , Akshayveer  , Singh O. P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The increasing future energy demands can be met with solar-based devices such as solar air heaters (SAHs) only if the efficiency of these devices is enhanced with suitable design changes. Flow channel design of a SAH is an essential aspect for enhancing its thermohydraulic performance for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. In this article, a systematic approach has been adopted to investigate various nonrectangular channel designs numerically, and results are compared with the conventional rectangular design. The energy input to all designs is kept constant. The channel design that gives the best performance was further investigated by incorporating a sinusoidal wavy absorber having variable wavy roughness parameters. The flow and heat transfer characteristics have been evaluated in terms of friction factor (f) and Nusselt number per unit friction factor (Nu/f), temperature factor (To–Ti)/I, thermal effectiveness (ɛ), and Nusselt number (Nu). The results show that the SAH duct having a semi-ellipse cross section offers the best thermohydraulic performance and has maximum augmentation in the temperature factor of about 10% compared to conventional SAH. Moreover, semi-ellipse SAH with sinusoidal wavy absorber has a maximum value of f/fs and Nu/Nus at A/Dh = 0.12 and λ/Dh = 0.8 for the range of Reynolds numbers used, respectively. Here, A is the amplitude and λ is the wavelength of the absorber plate. New empirical relationships for Nu and f are established as a function of flow and geometric parameters that agree well with numerical results.
Expressions of Friction Force of a Four-Point Contact Linear Ball Bearing With Two Rows Under Low-Speed Operation
Authors: Ohta Hiroyuki , Ueki Yusuke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article deals with the expressions of friction force of a four-point contact linear ball bearing with two rows under low-speed operation. First, the slip velocity on a contact area and the equilibrium of moments acting on a ball were theoretically examined. Then, an expression for the location of the pure rolling point (where the slip velocity is zero) was derived. Using the location of the pure rolling point, expressions of the friction force were developed. Next, to confirm the validity of the developed expressions, the friction force of four-point contact linear ball bearings with two rows was measured. The results showed that the developed expressions for the friction force in this study are effective. The developed expression would be applicable for estimating the friction force as a basic performance in the design procedure and for checking the product quality in bearing manufacturing.
The Neoarchean, a turning point for geodynamic and magmatic processes within the Superior craton?
Authors: Mathieu* Lucie , Mole David , Tóth Zsuzsanna , Rubingh Kate , Haugaard Rasmus , White Shawna , Ma Chong , Frieman Ben , Lodge Robert , Sherlock Ross , Lafrance Bruno 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The Neoarchean is generally considered to have been the final era of major crust formation and may have been characterized by the onset of modern plate tectonics. The Neoarchean may also have been the time interval during which subduction processes prevailed and became global. Evidence from individual cratons around the world suggests that this transition in geodynamic processes may have included diachronous and episodic major changes (i.e., turning points) and a more gradual evolution at the global scale, possibly largely driven by the secular cooling of the mantle and increasing stability of the lithosphere. The Superior craton, Canada, is the largest and best-preserved Archean craton in the world, making it an ideal location in which to investigate the occurrence (or absence) of turning points in the Neoarchean. This contribution examines the changes in geodynamic and magmatic processes that occurred during the Neoarchean, using geochemical data and new insights garnered from isotopic surveys from the southern part of the Superior craton. We summarize current understanding of the evolution of the youngest (southern) part of the Superior craton that led to the stabilization (cratonization) of this continental lithosphere and how this evolution aligns with local and global geodynamic processes.