bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active-gel theory for multicellular migration of polar cells in the extra-cellular matrix
Authors: Adar Ram M , Joanny Jean-François 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We formulate an active-gel theory for multicellular migration in the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). The cells are modeled as an active, polar solvent, and the ECM as a viscoelastic solid. Our theory enables to analyze the dynamic reciprocity between the migrating cells and their environment in terms of distinct relative forces and alignment mechanisms. We analyze the linear stability of polar cells migrating homogeneously in the ECM. Our theory predicts that, as a consequence of cell-matrix alignment, contractile cells migrate homogeneously for small wave vectors, while sufficiently extensile cells migrate in domains. Homogeneous cell migration of both extensile and contractile cells may be unstable for larger wave vectors, due to active forces and the alignment of cells with their concentration gradient. These mechanisms are stabilized by cellular alignment to the migration flow and matrix stiffness. They are expected to be suppressed entirely for rigid matrices with elastic moduli of order 10 kPa. Our theory should be useful in analyzing multicellular migration and ECM patterning at the mesoscopic scale.
First-passage times in complex energy landscapes: a case study with nonmuscle myosin II assembly
Authors: Bebon Rick , Schwarz Ulrich S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Complex energy landscapes often arise in biological systems, e.g. for protein folding, biochemical reactions, or intracellular transport processes. Their physical effects are frequently reflected in the first-passage times (FPTs) arising from these energy landscapes. However, their calculation is notoriously challenging and it is often difficult to identify the most relevant features of a given energy landscape. Here we show how this can be achieved by coarse-graining the Fokker–Planck equation to a master equation and decomposing its FPTs in an iterative process. We apply this method to the electrostatic interaction between two rods of nonmuscle myosin II (NM2), which is the main molecular motor for force generation in nonmuscle cells. Energy landscapes are computed directly from the amino acid sequences of the three different isoforms. Our approach allows us to identify the most relevant energy barriers for their self-assembly into NM2 minifilaments and how they change under force. In particular, we find that antiparallel configurations are more stable than parallel ones, but also show more changes under mechanical loading. Our work demonstrates the rich dynamics that can be expected for NM2-assemblies under mechanical load and in general shows how one can identify the most relevant energy barriers in complex energy landscapes.
First-principles calculations of magnetic and optical properties of (Mn, Mo) co-doped SnSe2
Authors: Lin Long , Pang Donglin , Shi Pei , Su Linlin , Chen Zehua , Zhang Zhanying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, based on density functional theory GGA + U method, the electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of single Mn, single Mo and (Mn, Mo) co-doped SnSe2 are studied. The calculation results show that the doping of single Mn and single Mo can make the intrinsic SnSe2 magnetic. In addition, five different (Mn, Mo) co-doped configurations are calculated and the ∆E of the stable ferromagnetic configuration is about −227.6 meV. The stable ferromagnetic configuration is caused by the strong hybridization of the d-p orbitals of Mn, Mo and Se atoms and the formation a Mn:3d-Se:4p-Mo:4d coupling chain. And the absorption intensity of SnSe2 system in visible light is improved by the introduction of doped atoms. Our study shows that introducing appropriate dopants is a feasible method to improve the magnetic and optical properties of intrinsic SnSe2 base.
Search for solar atmospheric neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope
Authors: Albert A. , Alves S. , André M. , Anghinolfi M. , Anton G. , Ardid M. , Ardid S. , Aubert J.-J. , Aublin J. , Baret B. , Basa S. , Belhorma B. , Bendahman M. , Benfenati F. , Bertin V. , Biagi S. , Bissinger M. , Boumaaza J. , Bouta M. , Bouwhuis M.C. , Brânzaş H. , Bruijn R. , Brunner J. , Busto J. , Caiffi B. , Calvo D. , Capone A. , Caramete L. , Carr J. , Carretero V. , Celli S. , Chabab M. , Chau T.N. , Cherkaoui El Moursli R. , Chiarusi T. , Circella M. , Coleiro A. , Coniglione R. , Coyle P. , Creusot A. , Díaz A.F. , de Wasseige G. , Distefano C. , Di Palma I. , Domi A. , Donzaud C. , Dornic D. , Drouhin D. , Eberl T. , van Eeden T. , van Eijk D. , El Khayati N. , Enzenhöfer A. , Fermani P. , Ferrara G. , Filippini F. , Fusco L. , Gatelet Y. , Gay P. , Glotin H. , Gozzini R. , Gracia Ruiz R. , Graf K. , Guidi C. , Hallmann S. , van Haren H. , Heijboer A.J. , Hello Y. , Hernández-Rey J.J. , Hößl J. , Hofestädt J. , Huang F. , Illuminati G. , James C.W. , Jisse-Jung B. , de Jong M. , de Jong P. , Kadler M. , Kalekin O. , Katz U. , Khan-Chowdhury N.R. , Kouchner A. , Kreykenbohm I. , Kulikovskiy V. , Lahmann R. , Le Breton R. , LeStum S. , Lefèvre D. , Leonora E. , Levi G. , Lincetto M. , Lopez-Coto D. , Loucatos S. , Maderer L. , Manczak J. , Marcelin M. , Margiotta A. , Marinelli A. , Martínez-Mora J.A. , Martino B. , Melis K. , Migliozzi P. , Moussa A. , Muller R. , Nauta L. , Navas S. , Nezri E. , Ó Fearraigh B. , Păun A. , Păvălaş G.E. , Pellegrino C. , Perrin-Terrin M. , Pestel V. , Piattelli P. , Pieterse C. , Poirè C. , Popa V. , Pradier T. , Randazzo N. , Real D. , Reck S. , Riccobene G. , Romanov A. , Sánchez-Losa A. , Salesa Greus F. , Samtleben D.F.E. , Sanguineti M. , Sapienza P. , Schnabel J. , Schumann J. , Schüssler F. , Seneca J. , Spurio M. , Stolarczyk Th. , Taiuti M. , Tayalati Y. , Tingay S.J. , Vallage B. , Van Elewyck V. , Versari F. , Viola S. , Vivolo D. , Wilms J. , Zavatarelli S. , Zegarelli A. , Zornoza J.D. , Zúñiga J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos (SAνs) are produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the solar medium. The detection of SAνs would provide useful information on the composition of primary cosmic rays as well as the solar density. These neutrinos represent an irreducible source of background for indirect searches for dark matter towards the Sun and the measurement of their flux would allow for a better assessment of the uncertainties related to these searches. In this paper we report on the analysis performed, based on an unbinned likelihood maximisation, to search for SAνs with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. After analysing the data collected over 11 years, no evidence for a solar atmospheric neutrino signal has been found. An upper limit at 90% confidence level on the flux of solar atmospheric neutrinos has been obtained, equal to 7×10-11 [ TeV-1 cm-2 s-1] at E
ν
= 1 TeV for the reference cosmic ray model assumed.
Femtosecond and nanosecond laser polishing of rough polycrystalline diamond
Authors: Komlenok Maxim , Pashinin Vladimir , Sedov Vadim , Konov Vitaly 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The laser polishing of rough (roughness of 5 μm) diamond plate using femtosecond and nanosecond pulses was realized for the first time. The effect of the angle of incidence, the number of passes, scanning speed, and laser fluence on the surface roughness was investigated and the optimal conditions were found. The initial roughness of the diamond plate was reduced by 5 times from 5 to 1 μm for both femtosecond and nanosecond laser sources. The results indicate the prospects of laser polishing of rough polycrystalline diamond samples.
Chiral corrections to the masses of the doubly heavy baryons
Authors: Tong Hao-Ze , Li Hao-Song 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the masses of the doubly bottom baryons and the charmed-bottom baryons up to



p

3

in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. We determine the unknown low energy constants in the quark model and lattice QCD. We show the numerical results for the masses of the doubly bottom baryons and the charmed-bottom baryons up to



p

3

.
Spectroscopic study of strangeness = –3 Ω– baryon*
Authors: Menapara Chandni , Rai Ajay Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

baryon with sss quarks has been investigated through many theoretical studies so far but scarcely observed in experiments. Here, an attempt has been made to explore properties of Ω with hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM) with a linear confining term. The resonance mass spectra have been obtained for 1S–4S, 1P–4P, 1D–3D, and 1F–2F. The Regge trajectory has been investigated for the linear nature based on calculated data along with the magnetic moment. The present work has been compared with various approaches and known experimental findings.
Effects of fast x-ray cone-beam tomographic measurement on dimensional metrology
Authors: Rossides Charalambos , Towsyfyan Hossein , Biguri Ander , Deyhle Hans , Lindroos Reuben , Mavrogordato Mark , Boardman Richard , Sun Wenjuan , Blumensath Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is increasingly used for dimensional metrology, where it can offer accurate measurements of internal features that are not accessible with other techniques. However, XCT scanning can be relatively slow, which often prevents routine uptake for many applications. This paper explores the feasibility of improving the speed of XCT measurements while maintaining the quality of the dimensional measurements derived from reconstructed volumes. In particular, we compare two approaches to fast XCT acquisition, the use of fewer XCT projections as well as the use of shortened x-ray exposure times for each projection. The study shows that the additional Poisson noise produced by reducing the exposure for each projection has significantly less impact on dimensional measurements compared to the artefacts associated with strategies that take fewer projection images, leading to about half the measurement error variability. Advanced reconstruction algorithms such as the conjugate gradient least squares method or total variation constrained approaches, are shown to allow further improvements in measurement speed, though this can come at the cost of increased measurement bias (e.g. 2.8% increase in relative error in one example) and variance (e.g. 25% in the same example).
Parameterized bipartite entanglement measure
Authors: Wei Zhi-Wei , Fei Shao-Ming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We propose a novel parameterized entanglement measure α-concurrence for bipartite systems. By employing positive partial transposition and realignment criteria, we derive analytical lower bounds for the α-concurrence. Moreover, we calculate explicitly the analytic expressions of the α-concurrence for isotropic states and Werner states.
A versatile embedding medium for freeform bioprinting with multi-crosslinking methods
Authors: Li Qi , Jiang Zhuoran , Ma Liang , Yin Jun , Gao Ziqi , Shen Luqi , Yang Huayong , Cui Zhanfeng , Ye Hua , Zhou Hongzhao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Embedded freeform writing addresses the contradiction between the material printability and biocompatibility for conventional extrusion-based bioprinting. However, the existing embedding mediums have limitations concerning the restricted printing temperature window, compatibility with bioinks or crosslinkers, and difficulties on medium removal. This work demonstrates a new embedding medium to meet the above demands, which composes of hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and Pluronic F-127. The adjustable hydrophobic and hydrophilic associations between the components permit tunable thermoresponsive rheological properties, providing a programmable printing window. These associations are hardly compromised by additives without strong hydrophilic groups, which means it is compatible with the majority of bioink choices. We use polyethylene glycol 400, a strong hydrophilic polymer, to facilitate easy medium removal. The proposed medium enables freeform writing of the millimetric complex tubular structures with great shape fidelity and cell viability. Moreover, five bioinks with up to five different crosslinking methods are patterned into arbitrary geometries in one single medium, demonstrating its potential in heterogeneous tissue regeneration. Utilizing the rheological properties of the medium, an enhanced adhesion writing method is developed to optimize the structure’s strand-to-strand adhesion. In summary, this versatile embedding medium provides excellent compatibility with multi-crosslinking methods and a tunable printing window, opening new opportunities for heterogeneous tissue regeneration.
Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations
Authors: Pappis Ioannis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Strategic energy planning to achieve universal electricity access and meet the future energy needs of African nations is essential to formulate effective policy measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Africa cannot afford a cost-prohibiting green energy transition to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7. In this study, I employ open-access energy models, enhanced with geospatial data, to identify least-cost power generation investment options for forty-eight African nations. Different levels of electricity consumption per capita and costs of renewables are considered across four scenarios. According to the analysis, to achieve universal electricity access by 2030 in Africa, the power generation capacity needs to increase between 211 GW–302 GW, depending on electricity consumption levels and the cost of renewables considered, leading electricity generation to rise between 6221 PJ–7527 PJ by 2030. Higher electricity generation levels lead to higher penetration of fossil fuel technologies in the power mix of Africa. Natural gas will be the dominant fossil fuel source by 2030, while the decreasing costs of renewables will lead solar to overtake hydropower. To meet the same electricity demand levels, decreasing the cost of renewables can enable a less carbon-intensive power system, although higher capacity is also needed. However, Africa is still hard to achieve its green revolution. Depending on electricity consumption levels and costs of renewables considered, grid-connected technologies are estimated to supply 85%–90% of total electricity generated in Africa in 2030, mini-grid technologies 1%–6%, and stand-alone technologies 8%–11%. Off-grid solar and hybrid mini-grid solar technologies are essential in electrifying residential areas. Higher penetration of renewable energy sources in the energy mix creates local jobs and increases cost-efficiency. The analysis demonstrates that 6.9 million to 9.6 million direct jobs, depending on the policies and renewable development levels, can be created in Africa by expanding the power sector from 2020 to 2030 across the supply chain. While increasing electricity consumption levels in Africa leads to higher total system costs, it is also estimated to create more jobs, fostering political and societal stability. Finally, the decreasing costs of renewables could further increase the penetration of renewables in the energy mix, leading to an even higher number of jobs.
Connecting the dots between urban infrastructure, well-being, livability, and equity: a data-driven approach
Authors: Das Kirti , Ramaswami Anu , Fan Yingling , Cao Jason 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Developing sustainable, livable and equitable cities is a major policy goal. However, livability metrics are amorphous, emphasizing different dimensions. This paper develops a novel data-driven approach by directly surveying subjective well-being (SWB) of urban residents, alongside satisfaction with key social–ecological–infrastructural–urban correlates to inform livability and equity priorities. Our survey is novel in quantifying SWB (Cantril ladder) of urban residents and evaluating both household- and neighborhood-level correlates while addressing confounding effects of socio-demographics and personality. We propose a three-way typology of provisioning systems—foundational, consistently important and added-bonus—based on their quantitative relationship with SWB. Implemented in the Twin-Cities USA, among 21 attributes, home heating-cooling, neighborhood greenery, access to public transportation and snow removal emerged as foundational in cold Minnesota climates; home size was consistently important and satisfaction with streets an added-bonus. Assessing inequality in foundational and consistently important categories revealed disparities by income and race, informing local infrastructure priorities for livability and equity. Key insights emerged on sufficiency and sustainability.
Warm-season temperatures and emergency department visits among children with health insurance
Authors: Stowell Jennifer D , Sun Yuantong , Spangler Keith R , Milando Chad W , Bernstein Aaron , Weinberger Kate R , Sun Shengzhi , Wellenius Gregory A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
High ambient temperatures have become more likely due to climate change and are linked to higher rates of heat-related illness, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, and other diseases. To date, far fewer studies have examined the effects of high temperatures on children versus adults, and studies including children have seldom been conducted on a national scale. Compared to adults, children have behavioral and physiological differences that may give them differential heat vulnerability. We acquired medical claims data from a large database of commercially insured US children aged 0–17 from May to September (warm-season) 2016–2019. Daily maximum ambient temperature and daily mean relative humidity estimates were aggregated to the county level using the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes dataset, and extreme heat was defined as the 95th percentile of the county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution. Using a case-crossover design and temperature lags 0–5 days, we estimated the associations between extreme heat and cause-specific emergency department visits (ED) in children aged <18 years, using the median county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution as the reference. Approximately 1.2 million ED visits in children from 2489 US counties were available during the study period. The 95th percentile of warm-season temperatures ranged from 71 °F to 112 °F (21.7 °C to 44.4 °C). Comparing 95th to the 50th percentile, extreme heat was associated with higher rates of ED visits for heat-related illness; endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases; and otitis media and externa, but not for all-cause admissions. Subgroup analyses suggested differences by age, with extreme heat positively associated with heat-related illness for both the 6–12 year (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 1.56) and 13–17 year age groups (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.76). Among children with health insurance across the US, days of extreme heat were associated with higher rates of healthcare utilization. These results highlight the importance of individual and population-level actions to protect children and adolescents from extreme heat, particularly in the context of continued climate change.
Joint ergodicity of Hardy field sequences
Authors: Tsinas Konstantinos 
Published: June 2022

We study mean convergence of multiple ergodic averages, where the iterates arise from smooth functions of polynomial growth that belong to a Hardy field. Our results include all logarithmico-exponential functions of polynomial growth, such as the functions

t

3

/

2

,
t
log
⁡
t

t^{3/2}, t\log t

and

e

log
⁡
t

e^{\sqrt {\log t}}

. We show that if all non-trivial linear combinations of the functions

a
1

a_1

, …,

a
k

a_k

stay logarithmically away from rational polynomials, then the

L
2

L^2

-limit of the ergodic averages

1
N

∑

n
=
1

N

f
1

(

T

⌊

a
1

(
n
)

⌋

x
)
⋅
⋯
⋅

f
k

(

T

⌊

a
k

(
n
)

⌋

x
)

\frac {1}{N} \sum _{n=1}^{N}f_1(T^{\lfloor {a_1(n)}\rfloor }x)\cdot \dots \cdot f_k(T^{\lfloor {a_k(n)}\rfloor }x)

exists and is equal to the product of the integrals of the functions

f
1

f_1

, …,

f
k

f_k

in ergodic systems, which establishes a conjecture of Frantzikinakis. Under some more general conditions on the functions

a
1

a_1

, …,

a
k

a_k

, we also find characteristic factors for convergence of the above averages and deduce a convergence result for weak-mixing systems.
934 IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF FRAILTY DISCHARGE SUMMARIES THROUGH INCORPORATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT
Authors: Weatherley J , Mithani P , Kaneshamoorthy M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The CGA identifies patient needs within seven domains: cognition & mood, continence, mobility, speech and language therapy, skin integrity, social context, nutrition; has been shown to reduce admission and readmissions, and when combined with a personalised care plan, can reverse progression of frailty. We aimed to improve discharge documentation of the seven CGA domains on two elderly care wards at Southend University Hospital, within two months. At baseline, only 18% of all domains were addressed. 87% of observations were subjective, while personalised care plans addressing at risk domains were absent.

Method
Three outcomes measured included: 1. % of all domains addressed 2. % of domains with objective/measurable observations 3. % of discharge letters with personalised care plans addressing at least one domain PDSA 1 introduced CGA as a concept through teaching sessions to the frailty MDT. PDSA 2 presented a poster to provide measurable criteria for each domain. PDSA 3 created competition between wards, through light-hearted forfeit. PDSA 4 offered a checklist proforma. PDSA 5 introduced personalised care plans targeting ‘at risk’ domains.

Results
PDSA 1, 2 and 3 showed incremental improvement in all outcomes. % CGA domains addressed improved from 17% to 74%. % objective or measurable observations improved from 13% to 51%. % of letters with personalised care plans improved from 38% to 74%. PDSA 4 showed a decrease in all outcomes, although remaining above results at baseline. PDSA 5 revealed an improvement in all outcomes compared to PDSA 4.

Conclusion
Through regular interventions, including empowering the frailty MDT to value CGA, significant improvement can be achieved. Consistent teaching proved steady improvement in all outcomes, while introducing competition showed the greatest improvement. Further plans to introduce to other medical wards and to digitise the CGA pro-forma are in progress to ensure sustained improvement.