bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Predicting Frailty Among Postoperative Brain Tumor Patients
Authors: Mungngam Chorpaka , Utriyaprasit Ketsarin , Tankumpuan Thitipong , Sitthinamsuwan Bunpot 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Surgical frailty is a condition in which patients are weak with varied recovery of various organ functions after surgery resulting in unpleasant outcomes. Frailty studies have been conducted in several populations with a limited knowledge on postoperative brain tumor patients. This study aimed to examine factors predicting frailty in brain tumor patients after craniotomy. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional predictive study. The sample included 85 patients who were 18 years or older and underwent craniotomy with tumor removal from 1 university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, between February and October 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression, which determined significance level at .05. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty among participants was 50.6%. Postoperative symptom and mood state were positively associated with frailty (r = 0.410 and r = 0.448, respectively; P < .01). Postoperative symptom, mood state, age, tumor type, and income could explain the variance of frailty in brain tumor patients after craniotomy by 40.3% (R
2 = 0.403, P < .01). CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers should plan for discharge planning including assessment and develop the intervention for managing postoperative symptoms and psychological symptoms to promote recovery from frailty that generally occurs after brain tumor surgery.
A Comparison Between Before and During the Pandemic in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behaviors of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Deng Yanfang , He Jinai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the feature change of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in bipolar disorder before and during the pandemic. A total of 115 adolescents with NSSI were evaluated using a Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children–Present and Lifetime Version, and some related scales. In comparison with the 2017 group, female sex, borderline personality disorder, self-reported internalizing disorders, anxiety/depression, and thinking disorders were all related with the 2021 and 2019 groups. The 2019 group was linked to a variety of somatic issues. Negative life experiences, bullying, eating disorders, social issues, depressed feelings, performance and social anxiety, and rejection sentiments were all linked to NSSI. Both shared and differential features between before and during the pandemic may represent possible change for diagnostic and preventative interventions of NSSI in patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, the doctor should adjust the treatment strategy based on changing of features between before and during the pandemic.
Hemostasis Proteins in Invasive Meningococcal and Nonmeningococcal Infections: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N. , Boeddha Navin P. , Kohlfuerst Daniela S. , Anderson Suzanne , Carrol Enitan D. , Agapow Paul , van der Flier Michiel , Hazelzet Jan , Herberg Jethro , Kuijpers Taco , Levin Michael , Martinon-Torres Federico , van Rijswijk Angelique , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Vermont Clementien , Zenz Werner , Dik Willem A. , Driessen Gertjan , Emonts Marieke ,   on behalf of the European Union Childhood Life-threatening Infectious Disease (EUCLIDS) Consortium
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to describe the variation of hemostasis proteins in children with bacterial infections due to different pathogens (Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and group A streptococcus [GAS]) and to study hemostasis proteins in relation to mortality.

DESIGN:
Preplanned analysis in prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Hospitals in five European countries (Austria, The Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom).

PATIENTS:
Admitted children (2012–2016) with community-acquired infections due to meningococci (n = 83), pneumococci (n = 64), S. aureus (n = 50), and GAS (n = 44) with available serum samples collected less than 48 hours after admission.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), thrombomodulin, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS-13) were measured in serum in 2019–2020. Additionally, von Willebrand factor, protein C, protein S, and factor IX were measured in citrate plasma available from a subset of patients. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality and disease severity (need for ventilation/inotropes, Pediatric Index of Mortality score).
Of 241 children, 21 (8.7%) died and 177 (73.5%) were admitted to PICU. Mortality rate was similar for the pathogen groups. Levels of fibronectin and thrombomodulin differed for the different pathogens (p < 0.05). Fibronectin levels were lower in GAS infections than in S. pneumoniae and S. aureus infections but did not differ from meningococcal infections. Thrombomodulin levels in meningococcal infections were higher than in S. aureus and pneumococcal infections. Overall, the area under the curve for mortality was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70–0.92) for thrombomodulin and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.69–0.88) for ADAMTS-13. The association of each hemostasis protein did not vary across pathogens for any of the outcome measures.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hemostatic disturbances in childhood bacterial infections are not limited to meningococcal sepsis but occur with a comparable severity across nonmeningococcal infections. High thrombomodulin and high ADAMTS-13 had good discriminative ability for mortality. Our results emphasize the importance of hemostatic disturbances in meningococcal and nonmeningococcal pediatric bacterial infections.
Early life trauma and social processing in HIV: the role of neuroendocrine factors and inflammation
Authors: Rubin Leah H. , Bhattacharya Deeya , Fuchs Joelle , Matthews Abigail , Abdellah Sarah , Veenhuis Rebecca T. , Langenecker Scott A. , Weber Kathleen M. , Nazarloo Hans P. , Keating Sheila M. , Carter C. Sue , Maki Pauline M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Early life trauma (ELT) and HIV are associated with social processing deficits. In people with HIV (PWH), we examined whether facial emotion identification accuracy differs by ELT and whether neuroendocrine factors including cortisol, oxytocin (OT), and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and/or immune system measures play a role in the ELT-performance association.

Methods
We used secondary data from the placebo condition of a pharmacologic challenge study in PWH. Presence of ELT was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (at least moderate experiences of sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse). Social processing was measured with the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT). Salivary immune system measures and cortisol were sampled across a 5-hour study session. Blood was collected at study session start (12 pm) to measure OT and AVP. We examined the association of ELT with FEPT and five biological moderators (from principal components analysis of 12 biomarkers) of ELT-FEPT associations.

Results
Of 58 PWH (42 males; mean age = 33.7, standard deviation = 8.9 years), 50% endorsed ELT. ELT-exposed PWH demonstrated lower identification accuracy across all emotional expressions (unstandardized beta[B] = 0.13; standard error [SE] = 0.05; P = 0.021, d = 0.63) and had higher OT levels compared to ELT-unexposed PWH (t(1,56) = 2.12, P = 0.039; d = 0.57). For total accuracy, an OT/C-reactive protein (OT/CRP) factor moderated the ELT-FEPT association (B = 0.14; SE = 0.05; P = 0.014); accuracy was lower in ELT-exposed PWH versus ELT-unexposed PWH when the factor was low but not when high. Similar results were obtained for fearful, neutral, and happy faces (P’s < 0.05). Regardless of ELT, a myeloid migration (MCP-1/MMP-9) factor was associated with reduced accuracy (P’s < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our pilot findings suggest that ELT may alter social processing in PWH, and that OT and CRP may be a target for improving social processing in ELT-exposed PWH, and myeloid migration markers may be a target in PWH more generally.
The Effects of Cooling Therapies on Fatigue, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bilgin Aylin , Kesik Gülsah , Ozdemir Leyla 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This meta-analysis examined the effects of the cooling therapies on fatigue, physical activity, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
Articles published between 2000 and 2020 were searched in six databases. The standardized mean differences were determined by the upper and lower limits of 95% confidence intervals. Publication bias was assessed by conducting the Egger test, which uses linear regression. Publication bias was examined visually using a funnel plot.

Results
Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. The types of cooling therapies included cooling garment (n = 4), cooling device (n = 2), cooling room (n = 1), precooling (n = 1), and cold water ingestion (n = 1). The results indicated a significant decrease in fatigue and an increase in physical activity following cooling therapy. Cooling therapies improved the QoL of patients with MS. The Egger test indicated no significant publication bias. However, the funnel plot presented a slight asymmetry among studies.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Cooling therapies have a beneficial effect on fatigue, physical activity, and the QoL of patients with MS. Healthcare professionals can use cooling methods to manage thermosensitive symptoms in patients with MS.
One-Stage Repair of Alveolar Cleft and Nasal Deformities Using Grafts From Nasal Septum: Application of Vomer, Ethmoid, and Septal Cartilage
Authors: Xie Kunpeng , Sun Xiumei , Wang Lin , Chen Kai , Wu Guomin 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Patients with alveolar cleft unrepaired suffer from nasal deformities of different magnitude. Bone and cartilage grafts are harvested through several incisions. In this study, we present a method to simultaneously correct nasal deformities and repair alveolar cleft using grafts from the nasal septum.

Patients and Methods:
All 6 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate have alveolar cleft unrepaired combined with nasal deformity. Computed tomography scans and 3-dimensional-printed models of vomer and ethmoid bone were used for the purpose of preoperative design and for assessing the magnitude of deformity. Grafts of bone and cartilage from deviated septum were harvested by septoplasty through which dorsum deviation was corrected. Bone grafts from vomer and ethmoid were then fixed to the prepared alveolar cleft to repair the defect and elevate the alar base. Septal cartilage was adjusted into different shapes of grafts and deformities of nasal tip, nostrils, and columella were then corrected by rhinoplasty to restore the symmetry of the nose.

Results:
Symmetry of nostrils was improved. The height of alar base on the cleft side was elevated to the level close to the noncleft side. Deviation of the septum, nasal dorsum, and columella was corrected. Projection of the nasal tip was adjusted to facial midline. Midface aesthetics was generally improved.

Conclusion:
Application of septal grafts reduce the number of incisions. One-stage repair of alveolar cleft and nasal deformities, with the aid of digital design, improves the postoperative experience and the general outcome of the surgery.
Surgical Accuracy of 3D Virtual Surgery and CAD/CAM-Assisted Orthognathic Surgery for Skeletal Class III Patients
Authors: Ha Sung-Ho , Youn Suk Min , Kim Ci Young , Jeong Chun-Gi , Choi Jin-Young 
Published: August 2022

Orthognathic surgery is an effective surgical method to achieve functionality and facial esthetics for mandibular prognathism. If surgery is performed with a conventional method, errors may occur in the surgical preparation process and the surgical procedures, and there is a limitation in that the accuracy of surgery is determined according to the surgeon’s experience and tactual sense. However, with the recent development of three-dimensional (3D) virtual planning and CAD/CAM technology, more 3D and predictable surgical planning and more accurate and time-saving surgery have become possible. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical accuracy of 3D Virtual Surgery, CAD/CAM-Assisted Orthognathic surgery for Skeletal Class III Patients. The study included 18 patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery for skeletal class III malocclusion from January 2020 to December 2021. To evaluate the accuracy of the virtual planning, 3D facial cone-beam computed tomography taken immediately after surgery (T1) and virtual surgery data (Tv) were superimposed in each patient. Landmarks were set on each of the maxillary segment, mandibular distal segment, and left and right mandibular proximal segment, and the difference between T1 and Tv was compared 3D on the x, y, and z-axis. (ΔT: T1−Tv). As a result, the average distance between Tv and T1 at each landmark, all landmarks except for the posterior nasal spine of the maxillary segment showed <1 mm. In particular, the differences across the x and z-axis were very small, while the difference across the y-axis tend to be large. The comparison of the position of each segment in virtual surgery and actual surgery was as follows. It can be seen that all segments were located slightly downward, and the medial pole of the mandibular proximal segment was located posterolateral and the lateral pole was located anteromedial after the actual surgery compared with the virtual planning. It means that the proximal segment was slightly rotated, but the difference was within 1 mm, so it can be considered that the surgery was accurate. Base on this study, orthognathic surgery using 3D virtual surgery planning and CAD/CAM technologies was very accurate. By applying these cutting-edge technologies to clinical practice, it was possible not only to increase the predictability of surgery but also to improve the convenience of surgery. Therefore, it is thought that it will be important for clinicians to make continuous efforts to applicate cutting-edge technologies to be developed in the future to patient diagnosis and surgery.
Use of whole blood deployment programs for mass casualty incidents: South Texas experience in regional response and preparedness
Authors: Ciaraglia Angelo , Brigmon Erika , Braverman Maxwell , Kidd Emily , Winckler CJ , Epley Eric , Flores Jose , Barry John , DeLeon Daniel , Waltman Elizabeth , Eastridge Brian , Stewart Ronald , Liao Lillian , Nicholson Susannah , Jenkins Donald 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION
Firearm-related deaths have become the leading cause of death in adolescents and children. Since the Sutherland Springs, TX mass casualty incident (MCI), the Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council for trauma instituted a prehospital whole blood (WB) program and blood deployment program for MCIs.

METHODS
The program was adopted statewide by the Texas Emergency Medical Task Force, of which Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council is the lead for Emergency Medical Task Force 8. The recent active shooter MCI in Uvalde, TX was the first time the MCI blood deployment program had been used. To our knowledge, no other similar programs exist in this or any other country.

RESULTS
On May 24, 2022, 19 children and 2 adults were killed at an MCI in Uvalde, TX. The MCI WB deployment protocol was initiated, and South Texas Blood and Tissue Center prepared 15 U of low-titer O-positive whole blood and 10 U of leukoreduced O packed cells. The deployed blood arrived at Uvalde Memorial Hospital within 67 minutes. One of the pediatric patients sustained multiple gunshots to the chest and extremities. The child was hypotensive and received 2 U of leukoreduced O packed cells, one at the initial hospital and another during transport. On arrival, the patient required 2 U of low-titer O-positive whole blood and underwent a successful hemorrhage control operation. The remaining blood was returned to South Texas Blood and Tissue Center for distribution.

CONCLUSION
Multiple studies have shown the association of early blood product resuscitation and improved mortality, with WB being the ideal resuscitative product for many. The ongoing efforts in South Texas serve as a model for development of similar programs throughout the country to reduce preventable deaths. This event represents the first ever successful deployment of WB to the site of an MCI related to a school shooting in the modern era.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level V.
A Phase I, Prospective, Randomized, Open-labeled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Booster Dose with MVC-COV1901 or MVC-COV1901(Beta) SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Adults
Authors: Lien Chia En , Liu Ming-Che , Wang Ning-Chi , Liu Luke Tzu-Chi , Wu Chung-Chin , Tang Wei-Hsuan , Lian Wei-Cheng , Huang Kuan-Ying A. , Chen Charles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of variant-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine as a booster is being evaluated to overcome reduced neutralisation of variants induced by the original SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and waning protection over time.MethodsThis is a phase one, prospective, randomized, and open-labeled trial to study the safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose consisting of a subunit vaccine based on the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, MVC-COV1901 or its Beta version, MVC-COV1901-Beta. One-hundred and seven participants aged ≥18 and <55 years, who received two or three prior doses of MVC-COV1901 vaccines, were enrolled and were to receive a booster dose of either 15 mcg of MVC-COV1901, 15 mcg or 25 mcg of MVC-COV1901-Beta in 1:1:1 ratio. The primary endpoints were the incidences of adverse events and immunogenicity of the booster dose from Visit 2 (the day of the booster) to Visit 5 (four weeks after the booster). Cellular immunity was also investigated with memory B cell (MBC) and T cell assays.FindingsAdverse reactions after either MVC-COV1901 or MVC-COV1901-Beta booster doses after two or three doses of MVC-COV1901 were comparable and mostly mild and transient. At four weeks after the booster dose, participants with two prior doses of MVC-COV1901 exhibited numerically higher levels of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 or Beta variant than participants with three prior doses of MVC-COV1901 regardless of the type of booster used. However, compared to 15 mcg of MVC-COV1901, 25 mcg of MVC-COV1901-Beta significantly improved neutralising antibody titre against Beta variant and BA.4/BA.5 Omicron variant pseudoviruses. The booster dose also significantly increased the proportion of spike-specific MBCs, including those of Beta and Omicron variants.InterpretationMVC-COV1901-Beta can be effectively used as a booster dose against SARS-CoV-2, including the circulating BA.4/BA.5 Omicron variant.FundingMedigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation
S1 represents multisensory contexts and somatotopic locations within and outside the bounds of the cortical homunculus
Authors: Rosenthal Isabelle A. , Bashford Luke , Kellis Spencer , Pejsa Kelsie , Lee Brian , Liu Charles , Andersen Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe responsiveness of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to physical tactile stimuli is well documented but the extent to which it is modulated by vision is unresolved. Additionally, recent literature has suggested that tactile events are represented in S1 in a more complex, generalized manner than its long-established topographic organization. To better characterize S1 function, neural activity was recorded from a tetraplegic patient implanted with microelectrode arrays in S1 during 1s stroking touches to the forearm (evoking numb sensation) or finger (naturalistic sensation). Touch conditions included visually observed first person physical touches, physical touches without vision, and visual touches without physical contact which occurred either to a third person, an inanimate object, or the patient’s own body in virtual reality. Two major findings emerged from this dataset. The first was that vision strongly modulates S1 activity, but only if there is a physical element to the touch, suggesting that passive observation of touches is not sufficient to recruit S1 neurons. The second was that despite the location of the recording arrays in a putative arm area of S1, neural activity was able to represent both arm and finger touches in physical touch conditions. Arm touches were encoded more strongly and specifically, supporting the idea that S1 encodes tactile events primarily through its topographic organization, as well as in a more general manner encompassing larger areas of the body.
The action of antimicrobial peptide LL37 is slow but effective against non-growing Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Mohammadi Salimeh , Taheri-Araghi Sattar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are amino-acid based antibiotics that primarily attack bacteria by perturbing their membranes. It has long been suggested that AMPs are effective against non-growing cells that tolerate conventional antibiotics. Despite recent advances in quantifying the action of AMPs at the single-cell level, we still do not have a clear picture of how this action is correlated with the physiology of target cells. Here we take complementary approaches, from single-cell and population-level experiments, to investigate the efficacy of human AMP LL37 against Escherichia coli cells at different growth phases. We first analyze time-lapse, single-cell data of the action of LL37 peptides on exponentially growing cells, which reveals that they act faster on long, dividing cells than on small, newborn cells. Next, we test the consequence of this cell-age dependence on the efficacy of LL37 against non-growing E. coli cells in stationary phase. We observe a consistent trend that the action of LL37 is, on average, ≈5.0 minutes slower on non-growing cells as compared to that on exponentially growing cells. However, this difference in the rate of action is not reflected in the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of LL37 peptides. Contrary to our expectation, the MBC measured for non-growing cells is smaller than that for exponentially growing cells, indicating that over a long period of time the LL37 peptides are more potent against non-growing cells.Author summaryAntibiotic treatments can fail due to regrowth of a bacterial subpopulation that start proliferation after the treatment is over. The regrowth is often from non-growing, dormant cells that persist the action of antibiotics without being resistant. In this work, we demonstrate that human antimicrobial peptide LL37 is potent against non-growing Escherichia coli cells.