bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Approximation of a System of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equations Arising in Innovation Dynamics
Authors: Baňas L’ubomír , Dawid Herbert , Randrianasolo Tsiry Avisoa , Storn Johannes , Wen Xingang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider a system of fully nonlinear partial differential equations that corresponds to the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations for the value functions of an optimal innovation investment problem of a monopoly firm facing bankruptcy risk.
We compare several algorithms for the numerical solution of the considered problem: the collocation method, the finite difference method, WENO method and the adaptive finite element method. We discuss implementation issues for the considered schemes and perform numerical studies for different model parameters to assess their performance.
Feedback-based resource management for multi-threaded applications
Authors: Papadopoulos Alessandro V. , Agrawal Kunal , Bini Enrico , Baruah Sanjoy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReconciling the constraint of guaranteeing to always meet deadlines with the optimization objective of reducing waste of computing capacity lies at the heart of a large body of research on real-time systems. Most approaches to doing so require the application designer to specify a deeper characterization of the workload (and perhaps extensive profiling of its run-time behavior), which then enables shaping the resource assignment to the application. In practice, such approaches are weak as they load the designer with the heavy duty of a detailed workload characterization. We seek approaches for reducing the waste of computing resources for recurrent real-time workloads in the absence of such additional characterization, by monitoring the minimal information that needs to be observable about the run-time behavior of a real-time system: its response time. We propose two resource control strategies to assign resources: one based on binary-exponential search and the other, on principles of control. Both approaches are compared against the clairvoyant scenario in which the average/typical behavior is known. Via an extensive simulation, we show that both techniques are useful approaches to reducing resource computation while meeting hard deadlines.
Schellenberg’s Capacitism about Phenomenal Evidence and the Alien Experience Problem
Authors: Zhu Zijian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on Schellenberg’s Capacitism about Phenomenal Evidence, according to which if one is in a phenomenal state constituted by employing perceptual capacities, then one is in a phenomenal state that provides phenomenal evidence. This view offers an attractive explanation of why perceptual experience provides phenomenal evidence, and avoids difficulties faced by its contemporary alternatives. However, in spite of the attractions of this view, it is subject to what I call “the alien experience problem”: some alien experiences (e.g. clairvoyant experience) are constituted by employing perceptual capacities, but they do not provide phenomenal evidence. This point is illustrated by a counterexample which is similar to, but also different in some important respects from, Bonjour’s famous clairvoyant Norman example. At the end of the paper, I sketch a restricted version of Capacitism about Phenomenal Evidence by putting some etiological constraint on the perceptual capacities employed.
Kennzeichen und Kennzeichnung eines arbeits- und organisationsbezogenen Peer-Begriffs
Authors: Hensen Peter 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) widmet sich der Deutung und Bedeutung des Peer-Begriffs in der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt. Als Peers werden Personen bezeichnet, die aufgrund von Gemeinsamkeiten und Übereinstimmungen mit anderen Personen gleichgestellt sind. Die Beantwortung der Frage, wer genau zu einer Gruppe von Peers gehört, ist gewöhnlich mit methodischen Unsicherheiten behaftet, schließt sie doch Bezugs- und Bindungskräfte mit unwägbarer subjektiver und sozialer Relevanz mit ein. In diesem Artikel werden Eigenschaften eines arbeits- und organisationsbezogenen Peer-Begriffs herausgearbeitet und zu einem kennzeichnenden Kriteriensystem verdichtet. Die vorgeschlagene Systematik soll eine Einordnungs- und Begründungshilfe für die Praxis sowie Anknüpfungspunkte für die arbeits- und organisationswissenschaftliche Peer-Forschung liefern.
Evolution of Reproductive Efficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans Under Obligatory Outcrossing
Authors: Antoł Weronika , Palka Joanna K. , Błażejowska Aleksandra , Sychta Karolina , Kosztyła Paulina , Labocha Marta K. , Prokop Zofia M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRadical shifts in reproductive systems result in radical changes in selective pressures acting on reproductive traits. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans constitutes one of rare model systems where such shifts can be experimentally induced, providing an opportunity for studying the evolution of reproductive phenotypes in real time. Evolutionary history of predominantly selfing reproduction in has led to degeneration of traits involved outcrossing, making it inefficient. Here, we introduced obligatory outcrossing into isogenic lines of C. elegans and allowed replicate populations to evolve under the new reproductive system. We predicted that they should evolve higher outcrossing efficiency, leading to increased fitness relative to unevolved ancestors. To test this prediction, we assayed fitness of both ancestral and evolved outcrossing populations. To control for the potentially confounding effect of adaptation to laboratory conditions, we also assayed populations with wild-type (selfing) reproductive system. In five experimental blocks, we measured competitive fitness of 12 evolved populations (6 outcrossing, 6 selfing) after ca. 95 generations of evolution, along with their respective ancestors. On average, we found that fitness increased by 0.72 SD (± 0.3 CI) in outcrossing and by 0.52 (± 0.35 CI) in selfing populations, suggesting further adaptation to laboratory conditions in both types. Contrary to predictions, fitness increase was not significantly higher in outcrossing populations, suggesting no detectable adaptation to the changed reproductive system. Importantly, the results for individual populations varied strongly between experimental blocks, in some cases even differing in effect direction. This emphasises the importance of experimental replication in avoiding reporting false findings.
Does TGFBR3 Polymorphism Increase the Risk of Silent Cerebral Infarction in Egyptian Children with Sickle Cell Disease?
Authors: Hassab Hoda , Hanafi Marwa , Elbeheiry Ahmed , Hassan Mona , Chazli Yasmine El 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the relationship between TGFBR3 rs284875 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) state and silent cerebral infarction (SCI) in asymptomatic patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 children with SCD above 2 y of age followed up at the hematology outpatient clinic of Alexandria University Children's Hospital in Egypt. Twenty-four healthy children were included as a control group. All patients included in the study were subjected to complete history and clinical examination. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on patients and controls for identification of SNP rs284875 of the TGFBR3 gene. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed only on patients for detection of SCI.

Results
Fifty SCD patients were enrolled (26 males and 24 females), with a median age of 10.9 y (2.3–17.8 y), and 24 children as healthy control for the studied SNP. Thirty-five (70%) patients had homozygous SCD, while 30% had sickle β-thalassemia. The brain MRI was normal in all the patients except for 2 patients who had features of SCI. The TGFBR3 rs284875 SNP was detected in 15 (30%) patients in the homozygous state (GG) versus only 1 (4.2%) child from the control group (p = 0.003). The prevalence of SCI was low in the study population and there was no statistically significant relationship between the TGFBR3 rs284875 SNP status and the presence of SCI in the brain MRI (p = 0.621).

Conclusions
This study confirmed a low prevalence of SCI in the SCD patient included in the study. The TGFBR3 rs284875 SNP did not significantly increase SCI among those patients.
Cognitive behavioral therapy adapted for patients with acromegaly
Authors: Kunzler Lia Silvia , Naves Luciana Ansaneli , Casulari Luiz Augusto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn acromegaly, excess secretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 may result in coarse features and enlargement of the extremities. Its negative repercussion on self-esteem can impair quality of life. Ten patients with acromegaly participated in this study. The treatment covered nine weekly group sessions. Unhealthy behaviors, thoughts, and emotions were identified, and healthy behaviors and thoughts were constructed, along with positive reflections on their associated emotions. In Session 7, the “Think healthy and feel the difference” technique was adapted to help patients better deal with their physical appearance and improve their quality of life. Qualitative data was obtained from an analysis of the content of a collaborative exercise developed in Session 7. Factors, especially thoughts, emotions, and advantages and disadvantages associated with both healthy and unhealthy behaviors, were identified. The technique improved quality of life for patients with acromegaly in relation to their acceptance of their physical appearance. UTN U 1111–1220-9846 (September 24th, 2018).
Unearthing the Learning of Genomic Medicine in the Workplace: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Kim Alice , Nisselle Amy , Weller-Newton Jennifer , McClaren Belinda , Keogh Louise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWorkplace learning is fundamental in contextualizing theoretical concepts into practice, making it opportune for professionals to learn emerging concepts. With genomic testing transitioning from the research space into healthcare, there are more opportunities to engage with workplace learning related to genomic medicine. We therefore aimed to unearth how genomics was being learnt in the workplace and the opportunities and factors that influenced these learning experiences. Qualitative secondary analysis was applied to a purposive sample of interviews with non-genetic physicians who had reflected on their genomic medicine practice and education. Thematic analysis, guided by Billett’s co-participation at work theory, was conducted to identify workplace learning opportunities related to genomic medicine and any influencing factors. A coding framework was developed and iteratively refined until consensus was reached. Various workplace learning opportunities related to genomic medicine were identified from interviews with 29 physicians. Engagement occurred through established clinical work practice, contextual affordances, and agentic pursuits. Barriers and facilitators influenced participants’ experiences and access with opportunities. Some participants recognized these learning opportunities as “informal”; however, most did not. Opportunities to engage with workplace learning beyond formal training are essential to ensure the medical workforce has the knowledge and confidence to engage with practice-related developments. However, ‘work’ activities were not often recognized as ‘learning’ opportunities. With continued efforts to integrate genomics and other innovations into routine healthcare and help reduce the theory–practice gap, this study adds to our understanding of how workplace learning occurs and offers a platform on which to build a robust model for continuing education.
The Role of Human Creativity in Human-Technology Relations
Authors: Blok Vincent 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the pressing issues in philosophy of technology is the role of human creativity in human-technology relations. We first observe that a techno-centric orientation of philosophy of technology leaves open the role and contribution of human creativity in technological evolution, while an anthropocentric orientation leaves open the role of the technical milieu in technological evolution. Subsequently, we develop a concept of creation as deviation and responsiveness in response to affordances in the environment, inspired by the affordance theory by James Gibson. With this concept of creation as deviative responsiveness, we articulate the human contribution to human-technology creation, namely, our intentional deviation of the inhibiting forces of the currently dominant niche or meaningful world of human-technology relations, in order to become responsive to new affordances in human-technology creation that constitute a new niche or world of human-technology relations.
Design and implementation of AI chatbot for COLREGs training
Authors: Sharma Amit , Undheim Per Eirik , Nazir Salman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe education and training for the maritime industry require renewed focus in the face of technological changes and increasing digitalization. Artificial intelligence presents an avenue for further research that can positively impact efficiency and competence development. Among many applications of artificial intelligence in education, conversational agents or chatbots have gained increased interest in recent years. This paper describes the design and implementation process of “FLOKI”—a chatbot aimed at assisting maritime trainees in learning Collision Avoidance Regulations (COLREGs). For the design of the chatbot, IBM Watson Assistant®—a cognitive computing service—was utilized, which enables the use of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) in its cloud server. A selected number (n = 18) of 2nd year B.Sc. in Nautical Science students in a Norwegian maritime university interacted with the chatbot for reflecting on their knowledge about COLREGs. In addition to demographic data, the maritime trainees were asked to answer questions related to user experience utilizing the System Usability Scale (SUS). The findings are discussed along with their implications and future research directions involving AI in maritime education and training.
Equiatomic 9-cation high-entropy carbide ceramics of the IVB, VB, and VIB groups and thermodynamic analysis of the sintering process
Authors: Qin Yuan , Liu Ji-Xuan , Liang Yongcheng , Zhang Guo-Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe preparation of high-entropy (HE) ceramics with designed composition is essential for verifying the formability models and evaluating the properties of the ceramics. However, inevitable oxygen contamination in non-oxide ceramics will result in the formation of metal oxide impurity phases remaining in the specimen or even escaping from the specimen during the sintering process, making the elemental compositions of the HE phase deviated from the designed ones. In this work, the preparation and thermodynamic analysis during the processing of equiatomic 9-cation HE carbide (HEC9) ceramics of the IVB, VB, and VIB groups were studied focusing on the removing of the inevitable oxygen impurity existed in the starting carbide powders and the oxygen contamination during the powder mixing processing. The results demonstrate that densification by spark plasma sintering (SPS) by directly using the mixed powders of the corresponding single-component carbides will inhibit the oxygen-removing carbothermal reduction reactions, and most of the oxide impurities will remain in the sample as (Zr,Hf)O2 phase. Pretreatment of the mixed powders at high temperatures in vacuum will remove most part of the oxygen impurity but result in a remarkable escape of gaseous Cr owing to the oxygen-removing reaction between Cr3C2 and various oxide impurities. It is found that graphite addition enhances the oxygen-removing effect and simultaneously prevents the escape of gaseous Cr. On the other hand, although WC, VC, and Mo2C can also act as oxygen-removing agents, there is no metal-containing gaseous substance formation in the temperature range of this study. By using the heat-treated powders with added graphite, equiatomic HEC9 ceramics were successfully prepared by SPS.
High-temperature transport properties of BaSn1−xScxO3−δ ceramic materials as promising electrolytes for protonic ceramic fuel cells
Authors: Zvonareva Inna A. , Mineev Alexey M. , Tarasova Natalia A. , Fu Xian-Zhu , Medvedev Dmitry A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProtonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) offer a convenient means for electrochemical conversion of chemical energy into electricity at intermediate temperatures with very high efficiency. Although BaCeO3- and BaZrO3-based complex oxides have been positioned as the most promising PCFC electrolytes, the design of new protonic conductors with improved properties is of paramount importance. Within the present work, we studied transport properties of scandium-doped barium stannate (Sc-doped BaSnO3). Our analysis included the fabrication of porous and dense BaSn1−xScxO3−δ ceramic materials (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.37), as well as a comprehensive analysis of their total, ionic, and electronic conductivities across all the experimental conditions realized under the PCFC operation: both air and hydrogen atmospheres with various water vapor partial pressures (p(H2O)), and a temperature range of 500–900 °C. This work reports on electrolyte domain boundaries of the undoped and doped BaSnO3 for the first time, revealing that pure BaSnO3 exhibits mixed ionic-electronic conduction behavior under both oxidizing and reducing conditions, while the Sc-doping results in the gradual improvement of ionic (including protonic) conductivity, extending the electrolyte domain boundaries towards reduced atmospheres. This latter property makes the heavily-doped BaSnO3 representatives attractive for PCFC applications.
Mining questions of ‘what’ and ‘who’: deepening discussions of the seabed for future policy and governance
Authors: Conde Marta , Mondré Aletta , Peters Kimberley , Steinberg Philip 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn spite of a proliferation of academic and policy-oriented interest in deep sea mining (DSM), this paper argues that two underlying questions remain underexplored. The first relates to what exactly the seabed is; the second to who the stakeholders are. It is argued that a greater interrogation of how the seabed is defined and understood, and a deeper consideration of how stakeholders are identified and the politics of their inclusion, is crucial to the enactment of policy and planning techniques. Through the analysis of current regulations to govern DSM in both national and international jurisdictions, this paper critically examines these seemingly banal but vital questions in different contexts. It is contended that most regulations are ‘fuzzy’ when it comes to addressing these questions, with the result that different understandings of the seabed and the implications of mining are ignored and that who stakeholders are and how they are defined causes many relevant voices to be unheard. It is argued, therefore, that it is imperative to address these often-overlooked questions directly in order to inform future seabed policy and governance.
A warning from the Russian–Ukrainian war: avoiding a future that rhymes with the past
Authors: Mariotti Sergio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Russian–Ukrainian war is a dramatic effect of the growing imbalances and instability of the global economic and political order, together with other effects that this contribution analyzes. This paper in fact offers empirical evidence of a rampant “global protectionism”, the slowdown of the world’s economy in the long term, and the changing structure of global value chains. The paper also seeks to link these manifestations together in a historical perspective, considering the results of previous studies that adopted the comparative historical approach. Although there are profound differences between today’s globalized economy and its historical equivalents, learning from the past should not be precluded, as it can help avoid dangerous paths from being followed that could lead to universally undesired outcomes in the future. The aim of the paper is to open a discussion on the criteria that are needed to inform and develop an economic and industrial policy that is aware of the seriousness of future risks and capable of facing such risks with the necessary wisdom, through the concerted support of the major countries, and through international inter-state collaboration.
Current overview on the genetic basis of key genes involved in soybean domestication
Authors: Lu Sijia , Fang Chao , Abe Jun , Kong Fanjiang , Liu Baohui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModern crops were created through the domestication and genetic introgression of wild relatives and adaptive differentiation in new environments. Identifying the domestication-related genes and unveiling their molecular diversity provide clues for understanding how the domesticated variants were selected by ancient people, elucidating how and where these crops were domesticated. Molecular genetics and genomics have explored some domestication-related genes in soybean (Glycine max). Here, we summarize recent studies about the quantitative trait locus (QTL) and genes involved in the domestication traits, introduce the functions of these genes, clarify which alleles of domesticated genes were selected during domestication. A deeper understanding of soybean domestication could help to break the bottleneck of modern breeding by highlighting unused genetic diversity not selected in the original domestication process, as well as highlighting promising new avenues for the identification and research of important agronomic traits among different crop species.
Heat treatment of bimetals produced by selective laser melting of MS1 maraging steel on conventionally produced 42SiCr martensitic steel
Authors: Kučerová Ludmila , Jeníček Štěpán , Zetková Ivana , Burdová Karolína 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One approach to producing hybrid bimetallic parts is to additively manufacture a new material onto a conventionally manufactured base material. This technique can expand the potential applications of additive manufacturing and offer new solutions for the engineering design of hybrid parts. In this work, laser powder bed fusion was used to deposit MS1 maraging steel on a conventionally produced (cast and hot-rolled) 42SiCr martensitic steel base material. Despite the profoundly different chemical compositions and hardening behaviours of these materials, their yield and ultimate tensile strengths in solution-annealed and hardened conditions are quite similar. Various heat treatments were performed to optimise the mechanical properties of the resulting hybrid part. The highest yield strength of 1400 MPa and tensile strength of 1483 MPa was achieved with a post-processing heat treatment which consisted of annealing at 900 °C for 25 min followed by water quenching and subsequent very short tempering at 490 °C. In the tensile tests, all the hybrid parts, regardless of heat treatment parameters, fractured within the base material and neither in the joint nor in the adjacent heat-affected zone. The interface areas and the microstructures of both materials were documented in detail in the as-built state and also after the heat treatment.
Climate Litigation against companies
Authors: Weller Marc-Philippe , Tran Mai-Lan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe article takes the spectacular Shell ruling from The Hague as an opportunity to identify cross-jurisdictional problems of civil climate change litigation. The Shell case was the first climate action between private parties that was successful in the first instance and led to Shell’s obligation to drastically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, including its Scope 3 emissions. From the perspective of legal realism, the Dutch ruling provides a momentum for climate litigation worldwide. However, from the perspective of potential lawsuits for the reduction of CO2 emissions against companies in Germany, one must assert that the Shell ruling cannot simply be transposed into the German legal order.