Skrining Fitokimia dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binjai (Mangifera caesia) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli
Authors: Roanisca Occa , Mahardika Robby Gus 
Published: February 2022

Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi saluran kemih, saluran empedu, penyakit serius lainnya di rongga perut, dan keracunan makanan yang ditandai dengan diare. Penyakitinfeksiyang disebabkan oleh bakteri dapat diobati dengan mengonsumsi antibiotik. Akan tetapi, resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik telah dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu perlunya pencarian obat dari bahan alami. Berdasarkan kajian literatur, Binjai (Mangifera caesia) telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antibakteri daun binjaiasal Bangka terhadap bakteri Eschericha coli. Metode ekstraksi pada penelitian ini adalah maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% selama 3 x 24 jam. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pereaksi,dan pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian fitokimia didapatkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun binjaididuga mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin/fenol hidrokuinon, steroid, terpenoid dan saponin. Ekstrak etanol daun binjaimampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. colipada konsentrasi 20% dengan diameter zona beningsebesar 3.94 mm, konsentrasi 40% sebesar 5.38 mm, konsentrasi 60% sebesar 5,82 mm, serta pada konsentrasiekstrak 80% membentuk zona beningsebesar 6,90 mm.Berdasarkan data tersebut bioaktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun binjai tergolong sedang. Kata Kunci: Mangiferacaesia, Escherichia coli, Antibakteri Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria that can cause urinary tract infections, bile ducts, other serious diseases in the abdominal cavity, and food poisoning characterized by diarrhea. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria can be treated by taking antibiotics. However, bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to search for drugs from natural ingredients. Based on literature review, Binjai (Mangifera caesia) has been reported to have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity of Bangka binjai leaves against Eschericha coli bacteria. The extraction method in this study was maceration with ethanol for 3 x 24 hours. Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively using reagents, and antibacterial testing using the disc diffusion method. Based on the results of phytochemical testing, it was found that the ethanol extract of binjai leaves contained secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins / phenol hydroquinones, steroids, terpenoids and saponins. Binjai leaf ethanol extract was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria at the concentration of 20% with a clear zone diameter of 3.94 mm, concentration of 40% of 5.38 mm, concentration of 60% of 5.82 mm, and concentration of 80% extractforming a clear zone of 6.90 mm. Based on these data, binjai leaves have the potential to be used as an antibacterial drug.