bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Mass Spectrometry in the Discovery of Antibiotics and
Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms: Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches
Authors: Cuevas-Cruz Miguel , Hernández-Guzmán Ulises , Álvarez-Rosales Poulette Carolina , Schnabel Meike , Gómez-Manzo Saúl , Arreguín-Espinosa Roberto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
The abuse and incorrect administration of antibiotics has resulted in an increased
proliferation of bacteria that exhibit drug resistance. The emergence of resistant
bacteria has become one of the biggest health concerns globally, and an enormous effort
has been made to combat them. However, despite the efforts, the emergence of resistant
strains is rapidly increasing, while the discovery of new classes of antibiotics has lagged.
For this reason, it is pivotal to acquire a more detailed knowledge of bacterial resistance
mechanisms and the mechanism of action of substances with antibacterial effects to identify
biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and the development of new antibiotics.
Metabolomics and proteomics, combined with mass spectrometry for data acquisition,
are suitable techniques and have already been applied successfully. This review presents
basic aspects of the metabolomic and proteomic approaches and their application for the
elucidation of bacterial resistance mechanisms.
A Review on the Design, Synthesis, and Structure-activity Relationships of
Benzothiazole Derivatives against Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Nural Yahya , Kurt Akif Hakan , Ayaz Lokman , Ayaz Furkan , Seferoglu Zeynel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
There has been a growing body of studies on benzothiazoles and benzothiazole derivatives
as strong and effective anti-tumor agents against lung, liver, pancreas, breast, and brain
tumors. Due to the highly proliferative nature of the tumor cells, the oxygen levels get lower than
that of normal tissues in the tumor microenvironment. This situation is called hypoxia and has
been associated with increased ability for carcinogenesis. For the drug design and development
strategies, the hypoxic nature of the tumor tissues has been exploited more aggressively. Hypoxia
itself acts as a signal initiating system to activate the pathways that eventually lead to the spread
of the tumor cells into the different tissues, increases the rate of DNA damage, and eventually
ends up with more mutation levels that may increase the drug resistance. As one of the major
mediators of hypoxic response, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been shown to activate
angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis resistance, and many other protumorigenic responses in cancer
development. In the current review, we will be discussing the design, synthesis, and structureactivity
relationships of benzothiazole derivatives against hypoxic tumors such as lung, liver,
pancreas, breast, and brain as potential anti-cancer drug candidates. The focus points of the study
will be the biology behind carcinogenesis and how hypoxia contributes to the process, recent
studies on benzothiazole and its derivatives as anti-cancer agents against hypoxic cancers, conclusions,
and future perspectives. We believe that this review will be useful for researchers in the
field of drug design during their studies to generate novel benzothiazole-containing hybrids
against hypoxic tumors with higher efficacies.
AI-assisted Method for Efficiently Generating Breast Ultrasound Screening
Reports
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Yuan Kehong , Ge Shuang , Ye Qiongyu , Xie Wenquan , Sun Desheng , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Ultrasound is one of the preferred choices for early screening of dense breast
cancer. Clinically, doctors have to manually write the screening report, which is time-consuming and
laborious, and it is easy to miss and miswrite.

Aim:
We proposed a new pipeline to automatically generate AI breast ultrasound screening reports
based on ultrasound images, aiming to assist doctors in improving the efficiency of clinical screening
and reducing repetitive report writing.

Methods:
AI efficiently generated personalized breast ultrasound screening preliminary reports, especially
for benign and normal cases, which account for the majority. Doctors then make simple adjustments
or corrections based on the preliminary AI report to generate the final report quickly. The approach
has been trained and tested using a database of 4809 breast tumor instances.

Results:
Experimental results indicate that this pipeline improves doctors' work efficiency by up to
90%, greatly reducing repetitive work.

Conclusion:
Personalized report generation is more widely recognized by doctors in clinical practice
than non-intelligent reports based on fixed templates or options to fill in the blanks.
Research Progress on Quantification Methods of Drug Concentration of
Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Hu Linlin , Zhang Jinlu , Shao Hua 
Published: March 2022

Background:
With the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the first
generation of mice to the fourth generation of human origin, the efficacy and safety in the treatment
of many diseases have been continuously improved. MAbs have been widely used in the
treatment of cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, etc. However, the treatment response of
mAbs varies greatly among individuals, and drug exposure may be affected by a variety of physiological
and pathological factors, such as combined use of drugs and progression of the disease.
Therefore, studies tend to recommend therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized treatment
strategies.

Objective:
In this paper, the commonly used methods of quantification of monoclonal antibodies
were reviewed, especially liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to provide technical support for therapeutic drug detection
and individualize dosing for patients.

Conclusion:
For patients achieving mAbs treatment, it is necessary to carry out therapeutic drug
monitoring and take it as a routine monitoring index. We recommend that for pharmaceutical laboratories
in hospitals, establishing an appropriate assay format, such as ELISA and LC-MS/MS
is critical to determine drug concentration and antidrug antibody (ADA) for mAbs.
Short and Medium-Term Results of the Autologous Adult Mucosa Stem
Cell Therapy Compared with Mini-Sling Surgery in the Treatment of
Women’s Stress Urinary Incontinence; A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mahboubeh Mirzaei , Hamid Pakmanesh , Azar Daneshpajooh , Mohammad Ali Bagherinasabsarab , Alireza Farsinejad , Mohsen Bahmani 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the results of stem cell therapy with mini-sling for
women’s stress urinary incontinence.

Methods:
This study was a parallel groups noninferiority randomized clinical trial. Patients with pure
stress urinary incontinence who did not improve after three months of conservative and medical therapy
were included. Patients were divided into two groups mini-sling insertion or peri-urethral injection of the
autologous mucosa stem cell with simple equal randomization. Standard Incontinence Impact Questionnaire
(IIQ) for patients’ satisfaction as well as objective Marshal Test as primary outcomes were compared.

Results:
From October 2016 to March 2018, 30 patients (mean age of 52 years) were randomly divided
equally into two groups. Finally, a negative Marshal test was observed in 73% of the stem cell group vs.
80% in the mini-sling group (p = 0.6). The mean decrease in the IIQ results was 12 points in the stem cell
group vs. 25 points in the mini-sling group (p = 0.05). Favorable results at 6 m and 26 m follow-up were
40% vs. 80% (p = 0.06) and 53% vs. 60% (p = 0.7) in stem cell and mini-sling group, respectively. Patients
in the mini-sling group experienced a higher rate of dyspareunia. Intervention time and hospital stay were
6.46 ± 1.24 minutes vs. 19.40 ± 4.30 minutes (p = 0.001) and 4.33 ± 1.23 vs. 9.20 ± 3.16 hours (p = 0.001) in
stem cell and mini-sling groups, respectively.

Conclusion:
Results of the periurethral injection of the autologous adult mucosa-derived stem cells are
not inferior to the less invasive mini-sling procedure; while, the stem cell group showed shorter intervention
time and hospital stay as well as fewer complications. This noninferiority pilot randomized trial compared
the results of stem cell therapy with mini-sling surgery and showed that in the medium-term followup,
the results are comparable.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:
IR.KMU.REC.1395.343.
Combination of Second-Generation Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib with Bortezomib
in Four Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Altundag Ergul Mutlu , Yilmaz Ayse Mine , Sahin Ali , Yilmaz Betul Karademir 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Proteasome inhibitors target different pathways in cells and therefore are promising drugs in cancer therapy. The use of these inhibitors is approved mainly in hematological cancers, and recently many clinical trials and preclinical studies are running for efficacy in solid tumors. Carfilzomib is a second generation inhibitor and developed to decrease the side effects of bortezomib. Although there are many valid therapies in breast cancer, resistance and recurrence are inevitable in many cases and the proteasomal system plays an important roles in related pathways.

Objective:
This study is a preliminary work to evaluate the combination effects of bortezomib and carfilzomib in four different breast cancer cells.

Methods:
MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, UACC-2087, and SKBR-3 cell lines were used. Cell viability was determined by using bortezomib and carfilzomib alone and in combination. Combination effect values were determined using the Chou-Talalay method. Apoptosis, proteasome activity, cleaved PARP, and HSP70 expressions were analyzed in the determined doses.

Results:
The response to the combination of the two inhibitors was different in four cell lines. Apoptosis was significantly higher in combination groups compared to carfilzomib in three cell lines except SKBR-3, and higher in combination group compared to bortezomib only in UACC-2087. Combination decreased cleaved PARP levels in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and increased in SKBR-3 compared to bortezomib. HSP70 levels decreased in combination with UACC-2087 and SKBR-3 compared to carfilzomib.

Conclusion:
Taken together, the combination of the two inhibitors was more apoptotic compared to carfilzomib and apoptosis was higher only in UACC-2087 compared to bortezomib. This apoptosis data can not be directly correlated to degree of proteaasome inhibiton, PARP cleavage and HSP70 response.
Elucidations of Molecular Mechanism and Mechanistic Effects of Environmental
Toxicants in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Upadhyay Tarun Kumar , Goel Harsh , Goyal Keshav , Pandey Avanish Kumar , Benjamin Mercilena , Khan Fahad , Pandey Pratibha , Mittan Sandeep , Iqbal Danish , Alsaweed Mohammed , Alturaiki Wael , Madkhali Yahya , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Tanwar Pranay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental
contamination, human populations are continually being exposed to environmental toxicants,
including physical chemical mutagens widespread in our environment causing adverse consequences
and inducing a variety of neurological disorders in humans. Physical mutagens comprise ionizing and
non-ionizing radiation, such as UV rays, IR rays, X-rays, which produces a broad spectrum of neuronal
destruction, including neuroinflammation, genetic instability, enhanced oxidative stress driving
mitochondrial damage in the human neuronal antecedent cells, cognitive impairment due to alterations
in neuronal function, especially in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis repression, modifications in mature
neuronal networks drives to enhanced neurodegenerative risk. Chemical Mutagens including alkylating
agents (EMS, NM, MMS, and NTG), Hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, sodium azide, halouracils
are the major toxic mutagen in our environment and have been associated with neurological disorders.
These chemical mutagens create dimers of pyrimidine that cause DNA damage that leads to ROS generation
producing mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, genotoxicity which leads to increased neurodegenerative
risk. The toxicity of four heavy metal including Cd, As, Pb, Hg is mostly responsible
for complicated neurological disorders in humans. Cadmium exposure can enhance the permeability of
the BBB and penetrate the brain, driving brain intracellular accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and
cerebral edema. Arsenic exerts its toxic effect by induction of ROS production in neuronal cells.
In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism and mechanistic effects of mutagens in the
environment and their role in multiple neurological disorders.
Danshensu Enhances Cerebral Angiogenesis in Mice by Regulating the
PI3K/Akt/Mtor/VEGF Signaling Axis
Authors: Jia Hongning , Qi Xiaoyuan , Wu Huijun , Wang Jianping 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Cerebral infraction seriously affects the life quality of patients. Danshensu
has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects. However, the therapeutic
function of Danshensu in cerebral vascular injury is still unclear.

Methods:
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to construct the cerebral infraction
model. Wound healing and tube formation assays were used to evaluate angiogenesis in vitro. Western
blot assay was used to evaluate the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The laser
Doppler scanner was used to measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the area around the
infarction, and the adhesion removal test was used to measure the sensorimotor function. The Modified
Neurological Severity Score was performed to evaluate the cognitive functions of mice.

Results:
Danshensu promoted the proliferation of bEnd.3 cells and angiogenesis in vitro. Danshensu
upregulated the expression of VEGF through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in bEnd.3 cells.
Danshensu improved rCBF restoration and attenuated the behavioral deficits in mice post-MCAO/R.

Conclusion:
Danshensu enhances angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF signaling pathway
in a mouse model of cerebral ischemic injury.
Magnetically Recyclable Ag@Fe2O3 Core-shell Nanostructured Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole
Authors: Thakur Jyotsna , Shinde Gayatree 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Nanocatalysts exhibit several applications in the synthesis of many industrially
important organic compounds. They manifest fascinating physical and chemical properties
which can be exploited in their catalytic applications.

Method:
A magnetically recyclable Ag@Fe2O3 core-shell structured nanocatalyst was synthesized
by a simple sol-gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, field emission
scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer etc. Nanocatalyst was found to be a highly
efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles via
one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes and 1, 2-phenylenediamine, and 2-aminothiophenol.

Results:
Fe2O3 nanocatalyst provides rapid conversion of the substrate into the desired product at
room temperature within just 5-18 min in the presence of C2H5OH with good to excellent yield.
The combination of Ag core with magnetic Fe2O3 shell improves efficiency, stability, magnetic
recovery, and reusability compared to the individual nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
The synthetic protocol is featured high yield, mild conditions, and simple work-up.
Magnetic recovery of the catalyst from reaction systems and its reusability for several runs without
loss of catalytic activity are additional advantages.
Kinetics and the Mechanism of Reduction of Hexacholoroiridate (IV) by
Carcinogenic Nicotine as an Alkaloid in Aqueous Solutions with the
Determination of Ionization Constant of Nicotine
Authors: Hassan Refat M. , Ibrahim Samia M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Nicotine (NIC) is a lipid-soluble alkaloid found predominantly in tobacco
products, including cigarettes, cigars, and oral tobacco products such as snuff and chewing tobacco.
Since nicotine substrate is the major constituent of tobacco smoke, it may cause negatively impacted
problems for human healthcare, which keeps many users hooked.

Method:
A spectrophotometric technique has been applied to investigate the kinetics of reductoin
hexachloroiridate (IV) as an inert one-equivalent oxidant by carcinogenic nicotine (NIC) in aqueous
perchlorate solutions.

Results:
First-order in [IrCl6]2- and fractional-first-order concerning the nicotine concentration has
been revealed. Kinetic evidence for forming a 1:1 intermediate complex between the NIC and
[IrCl6]2- before the rate-determining step was confirmed.

Conclusion:
The ionization constants of nicotine were evaluated from the kinetic data and are
8.57x10-4 and 4.57 x 10-4 moldm-3 at an ionic strength of 0.5 moldm-3 and 30°C and 40°C, respectively.
The activation parameters have been deduced from the kinetic results of the temperature
dependence of rate constants. A plausible reaction mechanism for the redox reaction is suggested
and discussed. Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3) was formed as an oxidation product of nicotine oxidation.
The Effect of Ethical Leadership On Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation and Normative Commitment
Authors: Syahrani Muchlis , Hernawaty Hernawaty , Winarno Alex 
Published: March 2022

Introduction/Main Objectives: To analyze how ethical leadership influences job performance mediated public service motivation and normative commitment in public institutions. Background Problems: Ethical issues in public institutions are rarely discussed openly by involving practitioners, although ethical issues are the root of the emergence of various problems in public organizations. Leaders play an important role in ethics. Novelty: Show ethical leadership as a resource for social learning and provide an understanding that ethical leadership is an important leadership style in the job performance system of public services in leader-member exchange theory. Research Methods: The explanation method uses a survey of 327 civil servants in East Kalimantan. The data analysis technique uses SEM covariance. Finding/Results: Ethical leadership as a model for subordinates in providing public services. The interaction between leaders and subordinates encourages public service motivation for the public and fosters normative commitment based on consideration of ethical values. Ethical leaders influence the job performance of civil servants through service and normative commitment. Conclusion: Increased public service motivation and normative awareness, as well as job performance as a public servant, is influenced by ethical leadership. The practical implication is the need to develop and strengthen interactions between leaders and subordinates as a social learning process that can activate ethical awareness as public servants.
ARGUVAN’LI ÂŞIK ŞAŞGIN’IN HAYATI VE ESERLERİ
Authors: DAĞDEVİREN Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada; ‘‘Arguvan müzik kültürü içerisinde yetişen aşıklık geleneği temsilcilerinden birisi olan Aşık Şaşgın kimdir?’, “Kaynak kişi olarak halk müziği geleneğimize taşıdığı eserler, sözlerini ve müziklerini yaptığı eserleri ve eserlerinin içeriği, kalem aşığı olarak yazdığı şiirleri ve içerikleri”, “Cem aşığı olarak sözlerini ve müziklerini yaptığı eserleri ve içerikleri nelerdir?” sorularına yanıt aranmış ve eserlerinden örneklerler verilmiştir.
Aşık Şaşgın’ın kültürel anlamda müzikal kimliği, âşık geleneğine yönelimi, halk müziğimizin önemli sanatçılarıyla olan Arguvan müzik kültürü paylaşımları vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca aşığın yerel, ulusal ve uluslararası televizyon ve radyo programları ve kayıtları ile görünürlüğü ve geleneğe olan katkıları sunulmuştur.
Çalışmada “nitel yöntem, teknik ve yaklaşımlar” tercih edilmiş olup bu nitel yöntemlerin bir deseni olan “etnografik araştırma” deseni ve bu desene ait veri toplama teknikleri (gözlem, görüşme, kayıt alma, analiz etme) kullanılmıştır.
Prevalencia de sobrepeso en los pacientes pediátricos con colelitiasis, atendidos en el Hospital San Rafael de Tunja durante los años 2010-2019
Authors: Acosta Pérez Camila Andrea , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Carreño Saltaren Lady Johana , Hoyos Gómez Laura Katherine , García Estepa Lina Marcela Marcela , Chaparro Rojas Tania Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia de sobrepeso en los pacientes pediátricos con colelitiasis atendidos en el hospital San Rafael de Tunja durante los años 2010 - 2019.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo, donde se evaluó las características de colelitiasis en los pacientes menores de 18 años de edad. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, imagenológicos y terapéuticas.
Resultados: Se revisaron 84 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con diagnóstico de colelitiasis en un periodo comprendido entre el año 2010 al 2019. El 69,1% de la población de género femenino y el 30,9% al género masculino. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 15.07 años, la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue 35,7% y de obesidad 21,4%. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron nauseas 85,71%, vómito 84,52% y signo de Murphy positivo en un 83,33%. en el 76% de los ||||pacientes los cálculos fueron únicos, con un tamaño promedio de 7,45 mm (con un mínimo de 1 mm y máximo 25 mm). El 26,1% recibió tratamiento conservador, mientras que el 73,8% fue tratado mediante cirugía, de estos, en el 50% de los casos la intervención fue abierta y en el restante por vía laparoscópica de los cuales el 2,43% requirió conversión intraoperatoria. Respecto a las complicaciones las más presentadas fueron, el absceso hepático 2,38% y pancreatitis en un 4,76%.
Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los niños con colelitiasis tenían obesidad (21,4%) y sobrepeso (35,7%), lo cual indica un problema de salud pública ya que puede incidir en otras patologías a futuro, además de ser fuerte predictor de la patología a estudio en este artículo.
A Study on the Impact of Proficiency on Work Engagement in Public Sector
Authors: Yaghoubi Normohammad , Hosseinbor Mohammad Osman , Yaghoubi Mohsen 
Published: March 2022

Work engagement has received a great body of research in recent years. Consequently, identifying the antecedents and outcomes of this phenomenon is regarded as important research topics. This paper investigates the association of work engagement and proficiency. Methodology: Proficiency has been studied as an antecedent of work engagement in this article. The suggested relation was examined in a sample of 395 employees in four public organizations in Iran. Results: The finding indicates that there is a positive and significant relationship between work engagement and proficiency. Conclusion: Moreover, only one of the subscales of proficiency (organization member proficiency) could predict the variance of work engagement.