bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation Design and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Carbopol -Incorporated Mucoadhesive Thermoreversible gels of Sucralfate for Rectal Drug Delivery
Authors: Firoz Shaik , Rajasekaran S. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The present research is focused on preparation of Thermoreversible gels and screening ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity using croton oil induced hemorrhoid model.
Study Design: The animals were divided into four groups, n=8. After overnight fasting, hemorrhoids were induced by inserting sterile cotton swabs soaked in croton oil preparation into the anus of all group animals except normal control group.
Place and Duration of Study: Depart of Pharmacology, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Tirupati. between October 2021 to December 2021
Methodology: Experimental runs for optimization of formulation with the help of 23 factorial designs were designed [1]. Design of Expert program 6.0.6 (Stat-Ease Inc. Minneapolis, MN) was used to create formulations. Formulations were optimized using full factorial de­sign. In situ rectal gel was prepared by the cold meth­od [2]. As shown in Table 1, P188 was dissolved in DDW (de-ionized distilled water) including drug (1% w/v) at room temperature, and it was stored at 4°C for complete solubilization of P188. Carbopol solubilized in DDW, HPMC K4M and other mu­coadhesive polymers were then slowly added to the prepared solution with continuous agitation at 4°C, and were kept for 24 h before their use. The composi­tion of developed gel formulations is summarized in Table 1.
Results: Results In the first set of experiment, the application of croton oil to recto anal portion of rats induced significant increase in the Recto anal coefficient and serum level of pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, and TNF \(-a\) it also showed a significant increase in recto anal portion compared to normal control animals. However, the treatment with Sucralfate containing Thermoreversible gels has maintained the RAC and Interleukin -6 levels near to normal control group. These findings were further supported by histopathological examination wherein the animals treated with optimized formulation showed significant reversal in the severity of inflammation, vasodilatation in the recto anal portion, and presence of inflammatory cells.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the improved experimental model described in the present work has advantages and the model has a provision for quantifying the inflammatory exudates in the induced experimental hemorrhoids. Also, it was found that, the optimized formulation ameliorated the croton oil-induced hemorrhoids in rats.
Anthelmintic Resistance of Gastrointestinal Strongyles Infecting Sheep in Nziih, West Cameroon
Authors: Stephanie MakamteTchinde , Jeannette Yondo , Gertrude MbogningTayo , Mbida Mpoame 
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the levels of efficacy of anthelmintics that were most commonly used in sheep farms in Nziih locality.
Study Design: Longitudinal prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Nziih locality in August 2019 and September 2020.
Methodology: Resistance against Albendazole (12.5 mg/kg) and Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) was evaluated using faecal egg count reduction test in naturally occurring gastrointestinal strongyles of sheep in Nziih. A total of 300 young animals were randomly selected from 5 farms in 2019 and in 2020. Faecal samples were collected from each animal on the first day of treatment (D0) and collected again 14 days later (D14). Faecal Egg Counts were performed using the Willis and Mac Master techniques and resistance was declared when faecal egg count reduction (FECR) was less than 95 % and the lower limit of confidence interval (LCI) less than 90%. Pooled faecal samples for each treatment group were set for D0 and D14 to identify resistant strongyles genera by calculating persistent larval rate (PLR).
Results: Resistance against Ivermectin was detected while there was none against Albendazole. Moreover, it was declared only in 2 farms out of the 5 selected. From 2019 to 2020, the status of resistance has shifted from suspicion to resistance for ivermectin and from absence of resistance to suspicion to Albendazole. Resistance was recorded in 2 sites: Pastorale1 (FECR= 85 %, LCI= 42.61 %) and Pastorale 3 (FECR=90.5 %, LCI= 72.26 %) in large flock herds and in farms where sheep were dewormed at least 4 times per year. Trichostrongylus were more persistent than Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum/Chabertia with PLR of 21.22 %, 13.71 %, and 7.40 % respectively.
Conclusion: Anthelmintics must be used correctly in conjunction with farmer education in Nziih.
Study on Malaria and Haemoglobin Interaction in Pregnant Women
Authors: Oroma Ethel Konne , Beatrice Wobiarueri Moore-Igwe , Priya Homa Chukwu , Orokwu Eziaku Chukuigwe-Igbere , Joel Burabari Konne , Felix Eedee Konne 
Published: March 2022

Comparative observational study was carried out on the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in General Hospital, Bori (GHB) and Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Port Harcourt (BMSH). Four hundred women were involved in this study of which two hundred per study location. Pregnant women with pyrexia of unknown origin, HIV and those on anti malarial drugs were excluded. Consents were obtained from participants and confidentiality upheld. Ethical approval was obtained from the ministry of health and from the selected health facilities. Sample collection was performed according to the recommended reference guideline for phlebotomy. Collected samples were used to assay for Haemoglobin using cyanomethamoglobin method, and malaria parasite using the Giemsa staining technique. Statistical analysis was performed for percentage, frequency, for descriptive statistics and inferences deduced at p-value=0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Questionnaires were issued to obtain their demographic data. The prevalence of malaria was high among pregnant women with haemoglobin level 8.0–10.9g/dl from BMSH (17.9%) and GHB (35.9%). Infection was not dependent on locality at P-value < 0.05. Awareness of malaria in pregnancy should be supported. Anaemia in pregnancy should be treated and comorbidity of malaria and anaemia in pregnancy should be handled with urgency.
Hematological Profiles of Eligible Blood Donors at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
Authors: K. Njenga John , C. Menza Nelson , G. Mathenge Scholastica , N. Githanga Jesse 
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine hematological profile of eligible blood donors at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya.
Study Design: Adopted a cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Kenyatta National Hospital, between March 2021 and August 2021.
Methodology: This study recruited 202 eligible blood donors comprising of 173 males and 29 females aged 18-57 years. Blood samples (4ml) were drawn from donated units into ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube. Hematological parameters were estimated using a complete blood count (CBC) analyzer (Humacount 5D®). A total of eighteen hematological parameters were analyzed. These parameters included; red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration, RBC indices, white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute and differential WBC and platelet (PLT) count. Results were presented in medians and 95% interquartile ranges and compared using Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: The median counts for all hematological parameters were within the accepted reference ranges for the adult urban population in Kenya. The median and interquartile range for total red cell count was 4.9×106/µL [0.74], hemoglobin level was 14.3g/dL[1.8], hematocrit was 44.9% [5.1], white blood count was 4.9×103/µL [1.4] and platelet was 234×103/L [64]. Among the red cell parameters analyzed, male donors had a significantly higher RBC count (P<0.001), hematocrit (P=0.001) and hemoglobin (P<0.001) than female donors. Among white blood cell parameters analyzed, only lymphocytes (P=0.011) were significantly higher in female donors than male donors. Platelet count (P<0.001) was also significantly higher in females than male donors.
Conclusion: This study showed eligible donors at KNH had significant differences in red cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocytes and platelets between male and female donors. Additionally, it highlighted that some blood donors had hematological parameters below and above the recommended reference ranges. These findings support the need to review the current donor recruitment criteria recommending the inclusion of complete blood count in screening.
Influence of Sowing Time on the Quality and Micronutrient Contents of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
Authors: . Aashu , Solanki Y. P. S. , Phougat Divya , Barpanda Tanya 
Published: March 2022

Background: Wheat is a staple crop that feeds millions of people, but its productivity is significantly reduced under high temperatures. Maintaining grain quality under climate change is critical for human nutrition, end - use functional properties and commodity value. The current study aimed at assessing the quality and micronutrient contents under two environments for variability, correlation and path analysis.
Research Methodology: The research was carried in the experimental area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar during 2019-20. The assessement was done for 48 wheat genotypes under two temperature levels (timely and late sown environment) in RBD design with three replications.
Results: Heat stress caused a significant reduction in grain yield, grain appearance score, hectoliter weight, sedimentation value, iron and zinc content whereas an increase in crude protein, total gluten content, wet gluten content, total soluble sugar. In the present study, total soluble sugar, wet gluten content, total gluten content showed highest values of variability, heritability, genetic advance as % of mean and thus are the most important quantitative traits to be taken into consideration for effective selection. A positive correlation was seen between grain yield and hectoliter weight in timely sown environment. Path analysis revealed highest positive direct effect for hectoliter weight and sedimentation value in timely sown condition while sedimentation value and iron content for late sown environment and thus in the process of selection much attention should be given to them as these characters are helpful for indirect selection.
Conclusion: A negative association between high yield and good quality should be an important target for the next breeding efforts or to determine a quality parameter that performs consistently in both environments.
Serum Calcium, Vitamin D3 and Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Nigerian Children Treated with Antiepileptic Drugs: A Comparative Study
Authors: Chidinma Chukwumerije , Enameguolo Yarhere Iroro , Achinike Daniel Alikor Edward 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim of the Study: Studies have shown that serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) are altered in children on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and these could result in poor bone mineralization. The study aimed to determine the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium, and B-ALP levels among children on AEDs attending the paediatric neurology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from January 2018 to April 2019 on 100 children on AEDs and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, aged 1.5 - 17 years. Data on socio-demography, AED regimen, and clinical examination findings of the subjects, their serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium, and B-ALP levels were obtained and entered into a proforma. Data obtained were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was set at p-value of < 0.05.
Results: The subjects had significantly lower mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium and higher mean serum B-ALP levels than the controls, respectively. The mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was significantly lower in children on AED polytherapy. There was negative correlation between the duration of drug therapy and all serum biochemical indices but this was only significant for serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level (p = 0.027). Age significantly impacted negatively on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, p = 0.036 and calcium levels, p = 0.009, but not on B-ALP (p = 0.392).
Conclusion: Children on antiepileptic drugs in UPTH had lower mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium levels but higher mean serum BALP level than healthy controls, as well as inverse relationship between duration of AED therapy and 25, hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium and B-ALP. We therefore recommend children with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs have their serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium and B-ALP levels monitored to enable early detection of any abnormalities.
A Case Study of Oxcarbazepine-induced Stevens-johnson Syndrome
Authors: Shubbar Imad , ALakkad Ashraf , Aziz Majid , Shtawi Mouayad Al 
Published: March 2022

Background: Stevens–Johnson syndrome is a rare potentially fatal disorder characterized by mucosal membrane erosions, bullous skin lesions and epidermal detachment.
Objective: This case report discusses a case of a patient who developed seizures and macular rashes as a result of Stevens–Johnson syndrome induced by oxcarbazepine.
Case presentation: An eight-year-old girl was admitted to hospital with complaints of seizure episodes that occurred during sleep, characterized by drooling, jerky stiff upper limbs, throat sounds, and blue lips. Patient was born with severe intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly and was diagnosed with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV). EEG results confirmed that focal epilepsy was the underlying cause of seizures. The patient was given oxcarbazepine as an anticonvulsant medication after confirming epilepsy diagnosis. However, after two weeks of treatment, patient developed rashes and skin lesions all over her body except hands. These skin lesions and rashes were red and tan in color, swollen, itchy, scaly, dry, popular, macular and patchy. The skin detachment was less than 10% of BSA (body surface area). The Naranjo algorithm was used to check the probability of a drug reaction and through the WHO-UMC criteria for causality, it was decided that oxcarbazepine induced the syndrome. Hence, patient was diagnosed as a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Conclusion:Stevens–Johnson syndrome is a rare condition that can cause rashes and epidermal detachment. It can be caused by adverse effects of medications; however, exact pathogenesis is unknown. Therefore, studies on large number of patients are required to understand the pathogenesis of oxcarbazepine-induced SJS.
Ivabradine-Management of Heart Failure (Systematic Review)
Authors: Antoliková N. Rozman , Pasztorova J. , Roháľová J. , Gažová A. , Valašková S. , Šalingová B. , Kyselovic J. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To assess the clinical effect of ivabradine on coronary artery disease and heart failure compared with placebo or standard care via clinical trials or meta-analysis.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis - searches of electronic databases from 2003 to 2018.
Data Extraction: Study results relating to benefit, risk and uses of ivabradine were extracted with individually meta-analysis or clinical trials.
Results: The primary analysis included 1413 records (keyword – ivabradine), of which 53 clinical studies were separated using the PRISMA-flow diagram with the following conclusion. The drug ivabradine has a positive effect on heart rate reduction in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. The health status of patients treated by ivabradine is generally better compared to patients with a placebo. Across the analysed trials, placebo, β-blockers, amlodipine or ranolazine were commonly used as control drugs in the control group. Ivabradine has been generally used as a replacement β-blockers in patients suffering from side effects. However, the effect of ivabradine is manifested only in patients with high heart rate (≥70/min.) and left ventricular dysfunction. We showed that ivabradine treatment is associated with an increased risk of the atrial fibrillation (AF), and the side effect is substantially more common than 1:10 000, presently reported in the product specification. This extent of AF incidence has not been previously reported in clinical trials.
Conclusion: Ivabradine treatment improved cardiopulmonary function and increased the exercise capacity patients with chronic heart failure. Ivabradine reduced mortality and hospitalization risk and improved the quality of life. Ivabradine appears to show better efficacy in comparison with β-blockers treatment, but this finding requires further study and clinical trials.
Validation of the Protoplanetary Theory of Solar System Formation
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin 
Published: March 2022

Kant’s 1755 hypothesis on the origin of the sun and planets, as modified by Laplace, foreshadowed the modern protoplanetary theory of planet formation in which planets were thought to form at very high pressures from within giant gaseous protoplanets. The protoplanetary theory was popular in the 1940s and 1950s, but was abandoned and ignored by phenomenological model-makers in the early 1960s who favored the planetesimal theory, the idea that planets formed by the progressive accumulation of dust that had condensed at very low pressures. Here, I validated the protoplanetary theory by:

Thermodynamic considerations;
Observations of internal magnetic field generation;
Observations of Mercury; and,
Observations of Earth’s behavior.

Although the planetesimal theory did not account for solar system formation, some of its elements added a veneer of oxidized material to the outer portions of Earth, especially oxidized iron which is critical for the development of life.
Knowledge about Complication of Congenital Hypothyroidism among Parents in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qahtani Mohammed Mesfer Al , Alanazi Abdulmajeed Samry Hassan , Al-serhan Saeed Ali , Alshehri Faisal Mohammed Abdullah , Al-shahrani Khaled Mesfer Safar , Sabrah Gaith Abdullah , Al-Shahrani Abdullah Mohammed , Faya Mohammad Abdurrahman 
Published: March 2022

Background: A lack of thyroid hormone present at birth is described as Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH). A difficulty with thyroid development or thyroid hormone production (dysgenesis) is most frequent in thyroid birth hormone insufficiency. It is one of the main causes of avoidable mental delay in infants This study aims to assess knowledge and awareness of Saudi parents towards complication of congenital hypothyroidism in Aseer region, KSA.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted of general population of Aseer region. Data was collected by means of online questionnaire distributed online to be self-filled by parents. The study included 1086 participants. The collected data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) version 23. Descriptive statistics was performed.
Results: All participants were from Aseer region, 39.5% of participants reported consanguinity between parents, 34.5% of all participants had heard of CH. 18.2% identified iodine deficiency during pregnancy as risk factor for CH. 22.6% identified excessive sleeping, 15.2% jaundice and 16% facial swelling. 60.2% did not know CH complications while 22.1% reported poor growth, resulting in short stature as a complication, followed by 14.4% Goiter, 14.1% delayed puberty, 13.5% mental retardation, 12.9% osteoporosis, 9.9% heart defects, and 4.6% bone fractures. 11.9% of all participants identified optimal time to start treatment to prevent complications as the first two weeks of the baby's life
Conclusion: Parental knowledge of congenital hypothyroidism in Aseer is relatively unsatisfactory. Health campaigns and conferences to raise awareness is necessary looking to catastrophic complications caused by delayed diagnosis and management of the disease.
Effect of Enzymatic Changes in Vitamin D Combination with LIV-52 on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Disease in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ponnazhagan K. , Sampson Ursula , Muninathan N. , Pratheeba J. , Kumar B. Sumanth , Jaiganesh I. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of enzymatic changes in vitamin D combination with Liv-52 on CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats.
Background: The central organ of liver plays an essential vital role in the metabolism, and the liver is called as the metabolic “engine-room of the body”. Therefore, to maintain a healthy liver is a crucial factor for overall health and well being. The liver is the central organ for pharmaceutical drug or chemicals and xenobiotic detoxification metabolism, which regulates most of medication and xenobiotic-related toxic activity. High metabolic and synthetic activity in this organ is an important place for the generation of free radicals.
Materials and Methods: Adult male Albino Wistar rats weighing 150-250g were used in this study. The rats were split into six groups, each consisted of six rats. CCl4 were admitted two days in a week for five weeks. Liver disease associated animals were treated with Vitamin D and Liv-52 for 5 weeks.
Results: The levels of AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, and AFP were significantly reduced in vitamin D, and Liv-52 treated animals when compared with CCl4 induced animals. Moreover, the levels of Vitamin D and Liv-52, a good indicator of restoring the liver architecture, were also reversed in the damage after treatment.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the combination drugs were more hepatoprotective effect when compared with the individual.
Comparative Evaluation of Macintosh and Airtraq Laryngoscopes for Laryngeal View during Endotracheal Intubation: A Study Protocol
Authors: Bhardwaj Yatharth , Singam Amol 
Published: March 2022

Background: Intubating trachea is a routine procedure for anaesthesiologists, but during surgeries, protecting the airway remains a challenge. Intubation failure in anaesthetic and emergency cases remains a big cause of mortality and morbidity. The Macintosh laryngoscope remains most widely used of various inventions and numerous advancements in the airway used for endotracheal intubation. Airtraq laryngoscope is a novel video laryngoscope which aids the procedure for intubation of patients with difficult or normal airways. Airtraq blade curvature and the precise internal arrangement of the optical components are made in such a way that enables visualization of the glottic field with minimal manipulation of the pharyngeal, oral and tracheal axis. This study aims to compare Airtraq and Macintosh Laryngoscope for Laryngeal view.
Methods: This will be a prospective comparative randomised study that will include total 80 patients. Patients posted for surgery under general anaesthesia will be randomized into two groups (i.e. 40 in each groups): Group M-E patients will be intubated with Macintosh Endotracheal Intubation whereas Group A-E patients will be intubated with Airtraq Endotracheal Intubation. Patients will be evaluated for Ease of intubation, duration of induction, successful number of attempts and hemodynamic parameters. Data will be compiled and analysed with appropriate statistical programme.
Expected Results: Significant results are expected to support that, Airtraq can be secured easily and with lesser number of attempts compared to Macintosh and duration of insertion is less.
Conclusion: Intubation with Airtraq is easier in relation to intubation ease and duration compared to Macintosh with less post-operative complications.