bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization and frames of advocacy coalitions in South Korea's nuclear energy policy
Authors: Nam Aerang , Weible Christopher M. , Park Kyudong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study explores the structure of advocacy coalitions and frames over time in South Korea's adversarial nuclear energy policy subsystem. It relies on the Advocacy Coalition Frameworks and Discourse Network Analysis to guide data collection from 1149 policy statements in 502 newspaper articles of South Korea spanning four years. Using E‐I Index, modularity index, and coalition polarization for data analysis, it finds an alignment of advocacy coalitions with increasing polarization through external events and the ongoing adaptation of frames to these events. The findings contribute insights into the characteristics of distinct, stable, and polarized coalitions and their frames in the high‐conflicted policy areas in tumultuous times in the context of non‐Western countries.
Design of a phenomenon‐based science outreach program and its effects on elementary students’ epistemological understanding of, and attitudes toward, science
Authors: Helsel Ryan T. , Lambert Sammi , Dickerson Lindsey , Strelich Jack , Woods Vanessa , Feldwinn Darby 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study describes the design and implementation of a science outreach program (elementary; 2nd–5th) and its associated student outcomes. Key features of the program include: (a) phenomenon‐based, NGSS‐aligned curriculum designed by science education experts and influenced by educational, sociocultural, and cognitive science theories, (b) active engagement by elementary students in experimentation and exploration of a common phenomenon (2 per year, called modules) across multiple sessions (6–8 per module), (c) professional development (PD) provided to scientists (mentors) and teachers to supply classrooms with multiple (5–7) adult more knowledgeable others (AMKOs), and (d) close classroom interaction between elementary students and mentors, allowing for students to participate in evidence‐based sense‐making through whole‐class and small‐group discussions. We examined the effects of program participation on students’ epistemological understanding of science (EUS) and attitudes toward science, as well as surveyed teachers to determine how they felt the program affected students’ attitudes and EUS. Student measures indicated they developed a deeper understanding of the process of scientific knowledge generation and were more likely to report liking science more than less. Similarly, teachers’ self‐reports corroborated these results, as well as showed teachers thought the structure of the program effectively integrated mathematics and language arts.
Rotation at subduction margins: How complexity at fault‐scale (the 2019 Albanian Mw 6.4 earthquake) mirrors the regional deformation
Authors: Pezzo Giuseppe , Palano Mimmo , Chiarabba Claudio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA variety of tectonic processes spread along the circum‐Mediterranean orogenic belts driven by the convergence of major plates, episodes of slab retreat and lateral and vertical mantle flows. Here, we provide an updated view of crustal stress and strain‐rate fields for the Albanides belt in the eastern Adria‐Eurasia convergence boundary. We framed a new geodetic‐based source model for the 2019 Mw6.4 Durrёs earthquake in light of the regional deformation, propending for a transpressional west‐dipping seismogenic fault. Our results highlight a fault‐scale complexity which mirrors the long‐time scale deformation of the Albanides plate boundary, where the rotation induced by the fast Hellenic rollback is accommodated also by transpression on inherited structures.
Epidemiology of candidemia in lung transplant recipients and risk factors for candidemia in the early posttransplant period in the absence of universal antifungal prophylaxis
Authors: Marinelli Tina , Pennington Kelly M. , Hamandi Bassem , Donahoe Laura , Rotstein Coleman , Martinu Tereza , Husain Shahid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung transplant recipients are at increased risk of candidemia, especially in the early posttransplant period. However, the specific predisposing factors have not been established. The natural history of candidemia after lung transplantation, in the absence of universal antifungal prophylaxis, is not known.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the epidemiology of candidemia at any time posttransplant in patients who underwent lung transplantation at our center between 2016 and 2019. We undertook a case‐control study and used logistic regression to evaluate the risk factors for candidemia during the first 30 days posttransplantation.ResultsDuring the study period 712 lung transplants were performed on 705 patients. Twenty‐five lung transplant recipients (LTRs) (3.5%) experienced 31 episodes of candidemia. The median time to candidemia was 19.5 days (IQR 10.5–70.5), with 61.2% (n = 19) episodes of candidemia occurring within the first 30 days posttransplantation. Pretransplant hospitalization, posttransplant ECMO, and posttransplant renal replacement therapy were associated with an increased risk of candidemia in the first 30 days posttransplant. Of those with candidemia in the first 30 days, 31.2% died within 30 days of the index positive blood culture. Candidemia was associated with decreased survival within 30 days posttransplant.ConclusionThis study highlights the greatest risk period of lung transplant recipients for development of candidemia and identifies several factors associated with increased risk of candidemia. These findings will help guide future studies on antifungal prophylaxis.
Incidence of sexually transmitted infections is lower among kidney transplant recipients compared to the general population—A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Helanterä Ilkka , Gissler Mika , Kanerva Mari , Rimhanen‐Finne Ruska , Lempinen Marko , Finne Patrik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe burden of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among solid‐organ transplant recipients is currently unknown. We studied the risk of STIs among kidney transplant recipients compared with the general population in a nationwide cohort.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2019, all microbiological findings of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), and human immunodeficiency virus among kidney transplant recipients <65 years and transplanted between 1995 and 2017 in our country were captured from statutory national registries. Data from the general population of Finland, population 5.5 million, were used for comparisons. Incidence of STIs and age and sex‐adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated.ResultsAltogether 3612 transplantations, with a total follow‐up of 27 069 person‐years were included. A total of 30 STIs microbiological findings of STI were confirmed in 25 patients: C. trachomatis (N = 27), N. gonorrhoeae (N = 2), and syphilis (N = 1). No hospitalizations associated with STIs were detected. The risk of STI after kidney transplantation was significantly lower compared to the general population (SIR, 0.57, 95% CI 0.39–0.80). The lower risk of STIs was more pronounced in female patients (SIR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.74), whereas in male patients the difference was statistically not significant (SIR 0.69, 95% CI 0.44–1.04). Of the confirmed STI cases, 30% were detected in patients who received their transplants during adolescence.ConclusionsWithin the Finnish kidney transplant population, the age and sex‐adjusted incidence of sexually transmitted infections is not higher compared to the general population. Highest frequency of infections was seen among patients transplanted during adolescence.
NS encodes an auxin transporter that regulates the ‘numerous spines’ trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Yang Xueyong , Xie Qing , Miao Han , Bo Kailiang , Dong Shaoyun , Xin Tongxu , Gu Xingfang , Sun Jiaqiang , Zhang Shengping 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYFruit spine is an important agronomic trait in cucumber and the “numerous spines (ns)” cucumber varieties are popular in Europe and West Asia. Although the classical genetic locus of ns was reported more than two decades ago, the NS gene has not been cloned yet. In this study, nine genetic loci for the different densities of fruit spines were identified by a genome‐wide association study. Among the nine loci, fsdG2.1 was closely associated with the classical genetic locus ns, which harbors a candidate gene Csa2G264590. Overexpression of Csa2G264590 resulted in lower fruit spine density, and the knockout mutant generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed an increased spine density, demonstrating that the Csa2G264590 gene is NS. NS is specifically expressed in the fruit peel and spine. Genetic analysis showed that NS regulates fruit spine development independently of the tuberculate gene, Tu, which regulates spine development on tubercules; the cucumber glabrous mutants csgl1 and csgl3 are epistatic to ns. Furthermore, we found that auxin levels in the fruit peel and spine were significantly lower in the knockout mutant ns‐cr. Moreover, RNA‐sequencing showed that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was enriched. Notably, most of the auxin responsive Aux/IAA family genes were downregulated in ns‐cr. Haplotype analysis showed that the non‐functional haplotype of NS exists exclusively in the Eurasian cucumber backgrounds. Taken together, the cloning of NS gene provides new insights into the regulatory network of fruit spine development.
Development and evaluation of checklists to support the recruitment of committed hematopoietic stem cell donors
Authors: Fingrut Warren B. , Chen Angela C. , Green Meagan , Weiss Jason T. , Mercer Dena , Allan David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChecklists are memory recall tools used across healthcare to improve outcomes. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of checklists to support recruitment of committed allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donors.Study Design and MethodsChecklists were developed with the following objectives: (1) improve best‐practice adherence; (2) reduce errors; and (3) support standardization at stem cell drives. Topics included: recruiting needed donors; securing informed consent; maintaining good‐documentation practices; and supervising registration and tissue sample collection. Checklists were iteratively revised with input from stakeholders. We evaluated the checklists by examining recruitment outcomes and errors (i.e., preventing registrants from being listed as donors) pre‐ (11/2011–8/2016) and post‐ (9/2016–11/2019) implementation by the Canadian donor recruitment organization Stem Cell Club. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze recruiters' perspectives on the checklists.ResultsThe checklists supported recruitment of donors from needed demographic groups as Stem Cell Club expanded its recruitment effort from 4118 registrants (60% male, 58% non‐European) pre‐implementation to 10,621 (52% male, 56% non‐European) post‐implementation. Checklist implementation was associated with a marked reduction in errors (from 13.2% to 1.9%) and a three‐fold increase in the match rate of recruited donors (from 0.024% to 0.075%). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of recruiter feedback supported that the checklists' objectives were realized from the recruiter perspective.DiscussionWe developed checklists to support donor recruitment and showed that their implementation was valued by recruiters and associated with both reduced errors and improved donor recruitment outcomes. The checklists are relevant to donor recruitment organizations worldwide.
Laboratory diagnosis of canine uroperitoneum based on cellular and biochemical characteristics of serum and abdominal fluid
Authors: Paes Paulo R. O. , Alonso Flavio H. , Chaves Nathalia G. , Andrade Ana M. , Ceregatti Mariah G. , Horta Rodrigo S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiterature on the laboratory diagnosis of uroperitoneum is scarce, and it is mostly based on the biochemical findings of cavitary fluid and serum. Cell count and protein concentrations measurements are rarely used and available studies on this subject are based on a relatively small cohort of individuals.ObjectivesWe aimed to use a large sample pool of dogs to establish cutoff points for biochemical analytes in cavitary fluids and serum for the diagnosis of uroperitoneum. We also sought to evaluate the general classification of these cavitary fluids.MethodsIn a retrospective and prospective study, 180 canine abdominal effusion cases were evaluated, 30 of which were uroperitoneum (uroperitoneum group, UG) and 150 with other etiologies (non‐uroperitoneum group, NUG).ResultsThe results showed that 83.3% of UG and 12.7% of NUG abdominal fluid cases were not classified as transudates or exudates. The use of specific cutoffs for fluid creatinine concentrations (≥2.1 mg/dL) and fluid:serum creatinine ratios (Cf: Cs ≥ 1.25) in these unclassified effusions resulted in an accuracy of 99.0% for the laboratory diagnosis of uroperitoneum.ConclusionsThe adoption of a new set of criteria and cutoffs based on the combination of parameters such as TP, TNCC, fluid creatinine and Cf: Cs improves the diagnosis of uroperitoneum in dogs.
A challenging case of lymphoproliferative disease in a cat
Authors: Palić Jelena , Heier Annabelle , Lehmbecker Annika , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Turba Maria Elena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 7‐year‐old male castrated Maine Coon cat presented with edema of the right hindlimb and a markedly enlarged right popliteal lymph node. A CBC showed a neutropenia of 1.5 × 103/μL. Radiographs and ultrasonographic examination were unremarkable. Cytology of the right popliteal lymph node revealed a mixed population of cells, consisting predominantly of medium to large plasmacytoid lymphocytes, low to moderate numbers of well‐differentiated plasma cells and low numbers of small lymphocytes. Plasmacytoid lymphocytes had round nuclei with finely stippled chromatin and one prominent round nucleolus. Low numbers of binucleated cells and bizarre mitotic figures, and rare multinucleated cells were observed. Histopathologic examination of the lymph node showed effacement of the normal lymph node architecture by dense sheets of neoplastic cells. Round to polygonal tumor cells of intermediate size had a low to moderate amount of cytoplasm. Round to indented hyperchromatic nuclei were often eccentrically located and contained one distinct nucleolus. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were moderate and 21 mitoses/10 high power field (HPF) were present. Congo red staining was negative. High numbers of tumor cells were positive for lambda light chain immunoglobulin; moderate numbers stained positive for MUM‐1. A clonal BCR gene rearrangement was detected with an immunoglobulin heavy chain target (IGH), immunoglobulin lambda light chain (IgL), and kappa deleting element (Kde). Differential diagnoses for the lymphoproliferative disease in this cat included lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and myeloma‐related disorder.
Stochastic Model Predictive Control for Quasi-Linear Parameter Varying Systems: Case Study on Automotive Engine Control
Authors: Chen Kaian , Zhang Kaixiang , Li Zhaojian , Wang Yan , Wu Kai , Kalabić Uroš V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) framework for quasi-linear parameter varying (qLPV) systems. The framework applies to general nonlinear systems that are driven by stochastic additive disturbances and subject to chance constraints. The qLPV form is featured by a composition of a set of linear time-invariant (LTI) models with state-/control-dependent scheduling variables, which can be obtained by the spatial–temporal filtering-based system identification approach developed in our earlier work. The overall framework can then be transformed into a tube-based MPC optimization problem which can be efficiently handled by a series of quadratic programing (QP) problems. A case study on automotive engine control is presented as a pilot demonstration of the proposed qLPV–SMPC where we show its advantage over the zone-based MPC, much greater computational efficiency than nonlinear MPC (NMPC) and less conservativeness of the proposed method as compared to its robust MPC (RMPC) counterpart.
Natural Convection and Transport of Background Contamination in the Borexino Neutrino Detector
Authors: Di Marcello Valentino , Mereu Riccardo , Ianni Aldo , Rossi Nicola , Bravo-Berguño David , Calaprice Frank , Di Giacinto Attilio , Di Ludovico Antonio , Ianni Andrea , Pietrofaccia Lidio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Borexino detector at Gran Sasso National Laboratories (INFN) has obtained extraordinary achievements for solar neutrino and geoneutrino physics during its lifetime. More recently, Borexino has provided the first experimental evidence of the subdominant CNO solar neutrino flux, thanks to an outstanding low background level obtained by means of intense purification campaigns and a continuous improvement of the detector thermal stabilization over the years. In particular, this impressive thermal steadiness has led to a progressive mitigation of the internal convective currents which are responsible for the continuous background contamination of the detector sensitive inner volume. To this purpose, numerical analyses are essential to better comprehend the detector fluid dynamics, the background behavior, and are also important to propose effective countermeasures to further reduce natural convection inside the detector. In this framework, the present work investigates the flow characteristics of the liquid scintillator by means of computational fluid dynamics analyses. In particular, a full 3D model of the Borexino inner vessel is considered in the simulations, addressing the complex nature of the natural convective currents under consideration both in transient and stationary conditions. The calculated flow pattern has been adopted to predict the transport behavior of 210Po, that is fundamental for the independent constraint of 210Bi, the main background constituent affecting CNO measurement. The convection-diffusion analysis demonstrates the applicability of the adopted methodology showing a good agreement between calculation and experimental data.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Rigid Vegetation at an Inclined Bank, on Streamflow Hydrodynamics
Authors: Masouminia Mohammadhosein , Türker Umut 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study is a computational analysis of hydrodynamic alterations of flow such as secondary current, turbulent kinetic energy, and shear stress, in an open channel with an increased vegetation density at an inclined bank. Two arrangements of rigid vegetation at an inclined bank, linear and staggered, are investigated for five different vegetation density. The computational analyses are performed under constant flow and stable bed conditions. The variations of stream wise flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds stress along the main channel are evaluated and presented for each vegetation density. The results illustrated the impacts of vegetation density on the entire channel flow characteristics. These results are further analyzed based on average bed shear stress calculations. The main outcome of the study demonstrated that combined effect of inclined bank and effect of partly obstructed flow significantly generates Kelvin-Helmholtz type instability due to the presence of inflection point at different location along a vegetation cover. The calculated Reynolds stresses are higher at the main channel bed near the vertical bank, but shift to midflow depths near the boundary between the main channel and inclined bank. The turbulence kinetic energy profiles in the main channel and at the inclined bank exhibited results that were similar and parallel to the simulated stream wise velocities and Reynolds stresses. Furthermore, it is found that the ratio between bed shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy is almost 0.3 as the depth approaches the channel bed.
Tuning the Pennes Perfusion Rate to Model Large Vessel Cooling Effects in Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Vaidya Nikhil , Baragona Marco , Lavezzo Valentina , Maessen Ralph , Veroy Karen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Radio frequency ablation (RFA) has become a popular method for the minimally invasive treatment of liver cancer. However, the success rate of these treatments depends heavily on the amount of experience the clinician possesses. Mathematical modeling can help mitigate this problem by providing an indication of the treatment outcome. Thermal lesions in RFA are affected by the cooling effect of both fine-scale and large-scale blood vessels. The exact model for large-scale blood vessels is advection-diffusion, i.e., a model capable of producing directional effects, which are known to occur in certain cases. In previous research, in situations where directional effects do not occur, the advection term in the blood vessel model has been typically replaced with the Pennes perfusion term, albeit with a higher-than-usual perfusion rate. Whether these values of the perfusion rate appearing in literature are optimal for the particular vessel radii in question, has not been investigated so far. This work aims to address this issue. An attempt has been made to determine, for values of vessel radius between 0.55 mm and 5 mm, best estimates for the perfusion rate which minimize the error in thermal lesion volumes between the perfusion-based model and the advection-based model. The results for the best estimate of the perfusion rate presented may be used in existing methods for fast estimation of RFA outcomes. Furthermore, the possible improvements to the presented methodology have been highlighted.
Sensory nerve conduction studies in probable painful neuropathy: comparing surface and near-nerve nerve conduction techniques
Authors: Bille Margrethe Bastholm , Ballegaard Martin 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWe compared sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) using surface and near-nerve recording electrodes in 53 patients with clinical probable painful neuropathy. Our aim was to validate the use of both recording techniques in that limited patient group.MethodsPatients had sensory NCS using two established recording methods and quantitative sensory tests (QST). We compared normalised amplitudes of sensory sural nerve action potentials (SNAP) and sensory thresholds and used receiver operated curve (ROC) analysis of absolute SNAP amplitudes to find discriminatory levels predicting abnormal sensory thresholds.ResultsMean sural SNAP z-scores differed depending on recording techniques (surface −1.0: SD 1.9; near-nerve −2.5: SD 1.7) with a numeric mean difference of −1.49 (Bland-Altman test: CI −1.872 to −1.12) with surface technique giving the z-value closest to zero. We documented a significant bias between the methods. Fifteen patients (28.3%) and 30 (56.6%) patients had abnormal results, respectively (χ2 test: p<0.001).Sural SNAP amplitudes correlated significantly with vibration thresholds using the near-nerve (p<0.02) but not using the surface technique (p=0.11).ROC analysis gave an optimal discriminative value of SNAP amplitudes for each QST measure, which were similar to our lower limit of normal values from investigating normal controls using near-nerve but not surface recording.ConclusionIn patients with probable painful neuropathy, choosing sensory NCS technique introduces a bias in the diagnostic outcome. Differences in test performance suggest that using a normal sural NCS alone to delineate small fibre neuropathy from mixed neuropathy could result in poorly defined diagnostic groups.