bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atraumatic splenic rupture in a patient treated with rivaroxaban: A case report and a narrative review
Authors: Labaki Marie‐Laure , De Kock Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtraumatic splenic rupture (ASR) is a rare condition mostly associated with neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory diseases. ASR associated with drug treatment is even rarer. In this case report, we highlight an unusual complication of the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban. A 64‐year‐old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of faintness and diffuse abdominal cramps. The patient had no history of recent trauma. Clinical examination revealed hemodynamic instability with a moderate response to filling and mild abdominal discomfort on palpation. His medical history included chronic hypertension, constipation, and recent atrial flutter ablation. The patient was taking amiodarone, bisoprolol, atorvastatin, and rivaroxaban. Splenic rupture was diagnosed several hours later on contrast‐enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan. Massive blood transfusions and emergency laparotomy for splenectomy were performed. Anatomopathological analysis did not reveal any neoplastic, inflammatory, or infectious causes. The patient was successfully discharged from the intensive care unit 3 days later. Clinicians must consider the possibility of ASR as a complication of rivaroxaban in patients with abdominal tenderness and hemodynamic instability. Unfortunately, clinical presentation is not always typical of a ruptured spleen. Delayed diagnosis can be life threatening or fatal. Splenectomy via laparotomy remains the best therapeutic option in cases of splenic rupture in unstable patients on direct oral anticoagulants.
Identification of Isonitrile‐Containing Natural Products in Complex Biological Matrices through Ligation with Chlorooximes
Authors: Schäfer Rebecca J. B. , Wilson Kayla , Biedermann Maurice , Moore Bradley S. , Sieber Simon , Wennemers Helma 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIsonitrile‐containing natural products have garnered attention for their manifold bioactivities but are difficult to detect and isolate due to the chemical lability of the isonitrile functional group. Here, we used the isonitrile‐chlorooxime ligation (INC) in a reactivity‐based screening (RBS) protocol for the detection and isolation of alkaloid and terpene isonitriles in the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua and a marine sponge of the order Bubarida, respectively. A trifunctional probe bearing a chlorooxime moiety, a UV active aromatic moiety, and a bromine label facilitated the chemoselective reaction with isonitriles, UV‐Vis spectroscopic detection, and mass spectrometric analysis. The INC‐based RBS allowed for the detection, isolation, and structural elucidation of isonitriles in microgram quantities.
Predicting progression of aortic stenosis by measuring serum calcification propensity
Authors: Kurmann Reto , Buffle Eric , Pasch Andreas , Seiler Christian , de Marchi Stefano F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this prospective, double‐blinded study in patients with aortic sclerosis was to determine whether a new calcification propensity measure in the serum could predict disease progression.MethodsWe included 129 consecutive patients with aortic sclerosis as assessed during a routine clinical echocardiographic exam. Clinical, echocardiographic, and serum laboratory parameters were collected, including a new blood test providing an overall measure of calcification propensity by monitoring the maturation time of calciprotein particles (T50 test). The echocardiographic exam was repeated after 1 year. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of the annual increase of peak transvalvular Doppler velocity (∆vmax). Furthermore, the accuracy of the T50 test to detect patients with the most marked stenosis progression was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC)‐analysis.ResultsMean age was 75 ± 9 years, 79% were men. The T50 was 271 ± 58 min. Overall, there was no significant stenosis progression between baseline and follow‐up (∆vmax 3.8 ± 29.8 cm/s, p = ns). The T50 test was not found to be an independent linear predictor in multivariate testing. By ROC‐analysis, however, a T50‐value ≤ 242 min was able to significantly detect a ∆vmax above the 90th percentile (∆vmax ≥ 43 cm/s, AUC = 0.67, p = .04, Sensitivity = 69%, Specificity = 70%).ConclusionsThe T50 test showed a modest but significant ability to identify a pronounced aortic stenosis progression in patients with aortic sclerosis. The test could not be established as an independent linear predictor of disease progression, possibly due to the low valvular disease burden and short follow‐up interval.
Propylene Oxidation to Acrolein over Cu/MoO3 Nanobelt Composites
Authors: Zhang Qingting , Goldbach Andreas , Shen Wenjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanocomposites comprised of MoO3 nanobelts with Cu6Mo5O18 derived surface layers are very active for propylene oxidation to acrolein with selectivity approaching 60% between 350–400 °C. They offer high surface areas (∼18 m2 g−1) and yield acrolein formation rates exceeding those of unpromoted bismuth molybdates which are the basis of industrial catalysts. Their acrolein selectivity is also markedly higher than that of the Cu2+ molybdates α‐CuMoO4 and Cu3Mo2O9. XPS and TPR analyses point to the formation of a Cu+ containing molybdate on the MoO3 nanobelt surfaces which is identified as Cu6Mo5O18 by its unique Raman bands. Kinetic analyses suggest that this surface layer facilitates catalyst re‐oxidation which remains the rate‐determining step of acrolein formation over the nanocomposites up to 400 °C. Thus, the nanocomposites present a very efficient copper molybdate catalyst design for propylene oxidation to acrolein which is also less susceptible to carbon induced deactivation than bulk Cu2+ molybdates.
Nanoporous Au Formation on Au Substrates via High Voltage Electrolysis**
Authors: Artmann Evelyn , Forschner Lukas , Schüttler Konstantin M. , Al‐Shakran Mohammad , Jacob Timo , Engstfeld Albert K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanoporous Au (NPG) films have promising properties, making them suitable for various applications in (electro)catalysis or (bio)sensing. Tuning the structural properties, such as the pore size or the surface‐to‐volume ratio, often requires complex starting materials such as alloys, multiple synthesis steps, lengthy preparation procedures or a combination of these factors. Here we present an approach that circumvents these difficulties, enabling for a rapid and controlled preparation of NPG films starting from a bare Au electrode. In a first approach a Au oxide film is prepared by high voltage (HV) electrolysis in a KOH solution, which is then reduced either electrochemically or in the presence of H2O2. The resulting NPG structures and their electrochemically active surface areas strongly depend on the reduction procedure, the concentration and temperature of the H2O2‐containing KOH solution, as well as the applied voltage and temperature during HV electrolysis. Secondly, the NPG film can be prepared directly by applying voltages that result in anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis (aCGDE). By carefully adjusting the corresponding parameters, the surface area of the final NPG film can be specifically controlled. The structural properties of the electrodes are investigated by means of XPS, SEM and electrochemical methods.
Insights on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes as revealed by signature genomic classifiers in an African American population in the Washington, DC area
Authors: Mondal Tanmoy , Loffredo Christopher A. , Simhadri Jyothirmai , Nunlee‐Bland Gail , Korba Brent , Johnson Jheannelle , Cotin Sharleine , Moses Gemeyel , Quartey Ruth , Howell Charles D. , Noreen Zarish , Arif Maria , Ghosh Somiranjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsAfrican Americans (AA) in the United States have a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and suffer from disparities in the prevalence, mortality, and comorbidities of the disease compared to other Americans. The present study aimed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis of T2DM among AA in the Washington, DC region.MethodsWe performed TaqMan Low Density Arrays (TLDA) on 24 genes of interest that belong to three categories: metabolic disease and disorders, cancer‐related genes, and neurobehavioural disorders genes. The 18 genes, viz. ARNT, CYP2D6, IL6, INSR, RRAD, SLC2A2 (metabolic disease and disorders), APC, BCL2, CSNK1D, MYC, SOD2, TP53 (Cancer‐related), APBA1, APBB2, APOC1, APOE, GSK3B, and NAE1 (neurobehavioural disorders), were differentially expressed in T2DM participants compared to controls.ResultsOur results suggest that factors including gender, smoking habits, and the severity or lack of control of T2DM (as indicated by HbA1c levels) were significantly associated with differential gene expression. APBA1 was significantly (p‐value <0.05) downregulated in all diabetes participants. Upregulation of APOE and CYP2D6 genes and downregulation of the INSR gene were observed in the majority of diabetes patients.ConclusionsTobacco smoking and gender were significantly associated with case‐control differences in expression of the APBA1 and APOE genes (connected with Alzheimer's disease) and the INSR and CYP2D6 (associated with metabolic disorders). The results highlight the need for more effective management of T2DM and for tobacco smoking cessation interventions in this community, and further research on the associations of T2DM with other disease processes, including cancer and neurobehavioral pathways.
Treatment response in recent‐onset heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: non‐ischaemic vs. ischaemic aetiology
Authors: Silverdal Jonas , Bollano Entela , Henrysson Josefin , Basic Carmen , Fu Michael , Sjöland Helen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsIn heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), the prognosis appears better in non‐ischaemic than in ischaemic aetiology. Infrequent diagnostic work‐up for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in HF is reported. In this study, we compared short‐term response to initiated guideline‐directed medical treatment (GDMT) in recent‐onset HFrEF of non‐ischaemic (non‐IHF) vs. ischaemic (IHF) aetiology and evaluated the frequency of coronary investigation.Methods and resultsPatients hospitalized with recent‐onset HFrEF [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%] between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019 were included. Treatment response was determined by use of a hierarchical clinical composite outcome classifying each patient as worsened, improved, or unchanged based on hard outcomes (mortality, heart transplantation, and HF hospitalization) and soft outcomes (± ≥10 unit change in LVEF, ± ≥30% change in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, and ± ≥1 point change in New York Heart Association functional class) during 28 weeks of follow‐up. The associations between baseline characteristics and composite changes were analysed with multiple logistic regression. Among the 364 patients analysed, 47 were not investigated for IHD. Comparing non‐IHF (n = 203) vs. IHF (n = 114), patients were younger (mean age 61.0 vs. 69.4 years, P < 0.001) with lower mean LVEF (26% vs. 31%, P < 0.001), but with similar male predominance (70.4% vs. 75.4%, P = 0.363). For non‐IHF vs. IHF, the composite outcomes were worsened (19.1% vs. 43.9%, P < 0.001) and improved (74.2% vs. 43.9%, P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustments, IHF was associated with increased odds for worsening [odds ratio (OR) 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–5.74; P = 0.002] and decreased odds for improvement (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.18–0.65; P < 0.001). In cases without previous IHD or new‐onset myocardial infarction (n = 261), a decision for coronary investigation was made in 69.0%.ConclusionsIn recent‐onset HFrEF, patients with non‐IHF responded better to GDMT than patients with IHF. Almost one‐third of patients selected for follow‐up at HF clinics were never investigated for IHD.
Advances in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Siwei , Zhou Yanhua , Huang Jiangrong , Li Huilin , Pang Huidan , Niu Dandan , Li Guangyao , Wang Fei , Zhou Zushan , Liu Zhenzhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent articular inflammation and joint damage. RA was first described over 200 years ago; however, its etiology and pathophysiology remain insufficiently understood. The current treatment of RA is mainly empirical or based on the current understanding of etiology with limited efficacy and/or substantial side effects. Thus, the development of safer and more potent therapeutics, validated and optimized in experimental models, is urgently required. To improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must carefully select the appropriate experimental models as well as draw the right conclusions. Here, we summarize the establishment, pathological features, potential mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of the currently available RA models. The aim of the review is to help researchers better understand available RA models; discuss future trends in RA model development, which can help highlight new translational and human‐based avenues in RA research.
Organized activities in adolescence and pro‐environmental behaviors in adulthood: The mediating role of pro‐environmental attitudes
Authors: Davignon Lisa‐Marie , Poulin François , Denault Anne‐Sophie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionOrganized activities practiced in adolescence are known to foster positive development, including active citizenship. Active citizenship encompasses a wide range of behaviors, one of them being pro‐environmental behaviors. Few studies focused on the developmental factors that may predict these behaviors in adults, despite their crucial role in counteracting the current climate crisis. However, prior research showed that attitudes were typically major predictors of behaviors. This study thus tested a model that posited participation in organized activities in adolescence as a predictor of pro‐environmental attitudes in emerging adulthood and these attitudes as a predictor of pro‐environmental behaviors in adulthood.MethodsThree hundred twenty‐one participants (61% girls) from Quebec (Canada) completed all time points across a 17‐year period. Participants self‐reported their participation in organized activities (sports, cultural, prosocial) from ages 14 to 17, pro‐environmental attitudes, from ages 18 to 22, and pro‐environmental behaviors, at age 30.ResultsResults revealed that pro‐environmental attitudes mediate the relationship between adolescent participation in cultural activities and pro‐environmental behaviors in adulthood. Practicing sporting or prosocial activities in adolescence did not predict stronger pro‐environmental attitudes or behaviors. Interestingly, pro‐environmental attitudes consistently predicted pro‐environmental behaviors later in life.ConclusionsThese findings and prior research suggest that participation in cultural activities may provide a space to discuss, imagine change, and cultivate sensitivity towards nature. This may contribute to the development of pro‐environmental attitudes and behaviors later in life.
Chronic Systemic Infection of Mice with Leishmania infantum Leads to Increased Bone Mass
Authors: Lai Chaobo , Heinemann Jennifer , Schleicher Ulrike , Schett Georg , Bogdan Christian , Bozec Aline , Soulat Didier 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Vector-borne infections of humans with the protozoan parasite Leishmania (L.) infantum can cause a systemic and potentially lethal disease termed visceral leishmaniasis. In the corresponding mouse model, an intravenous infection with L. infantum leads to the persistence of parasites in various organs, including bone marrow (BM). Considering the anatomical proximity between the BM and the cortical bone, we investigated whether a chronic infection with L. infantum affected bone homeostasis. Unexpectedly, chronic infection with L. infantum caused an increase in bone mass in mice. In vivo, an increased number of osteoblasts and osteocytes and a decreased maturation of osteoclasts characterized the phenotype. Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy confirmed the infection of BM macrophages but also revealed the presence of parasites in osteoclasts. In vitro, mature osteoclasts took up L. infantum parasites. However, infection of osteoclast progenitors abolished their differentiation and function. In addition, secretory products of infected BM–derived macrophages inhibited the maturation of osteoclasts. Both in vitro and in vivo, infected macrophages and osteoclasts showed an enhanced expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic chemokine CCL5 (RANTES). Neutralization of CCL5 prevented the inhibition of osteoclast generation seen in the presence of culture supernatants from L. infantum-infected macrophages. Altogether, our study shows that chronic infection with Leishmania increases bone mass by inducing bone formation and impairing osteoclast differentiation and function. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Reduced Bone Mass and Increased Osteocyte Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) Activity, But Not Low Mineralized Matrix Around Osteocyte Lacunae, Are Restored After Recovery From Exogenous Hyperthyroidism in Male Mice
Authors: Wölfel Eva Maria , Lademann Franziska , Hemmatian Haniyeh , Blouin Stéphane , Messmer Phaedra , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Busse Björn , Rauner Martina , Jähn-Rickert Katharina , Tsourdi Elena 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Hyperthyroidism causes secondary osteoporosis through favoring bone resorption over bone formation, leading to bone loss with elevated bone fragility. Osteocytes that reside within lacunae inside the mineralized bone matrix orchestrate the process of bone remodeling and can themselves actively resorb bone upon certain stimuli. Nevertheless, the interaction between thyroid hormones and osteocytes and the impact of hyperthyroidism on osteocyte cell function are still unknown. In a preliminary study, we analyzed bones from male C57BL/6 mice with drug-induced hyperthyroidism, which led to mild osteocytic osteolysis with 1.14-fold larger osteocyte lacunae and by 108.33% higher tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteocytes of hyperthyroid mice compared to euthyroid mice. To test whether hyperthyroidism-induced bone changes are reversible, we rendered male mice hyperthyroid by adding levothyroxine into their drinking water for 4 weeks, followed by a weaning period of 4 weeks with access to normal drinking water. Hyperthyroid mice displayed cortical and trabecular bone loss due to high bone turnover, which recovered with weaning. Although canalicular number and osteocyte lacunar area were similar in euthyroid, hyperthyroid and weaned mice, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive osteocytes was 100% lower in the weaning group compared to euthyroid mice and the osteocytic TRAP activity was eightfold higher in hyperthyroid animals. The latter, along with a 3.75% lower average mineralization around the osteocyte lacunae in trabecular bone, suggests osteocytic osteolysis activity that, however, did not result in significantly enlarged osteocyte lacunae. In conclusion, we show a recovery of bone microarchitecture and turnover after reversal of hyperthyroidism to a euthyroid state. In contrast, osteocytic osteolysis was initiated in hyperthyroidism, but its effects were not reversed after 4 weeks of weaning. Due to the vast number of osteocytes in bone, we speculate that even minor individual cell functions might contribute to altered bone quality and mineral homeostasis in the setting of hyperthyroidism-induced bone disease. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Synergistic degradation performance of UV/TiO2 photocatalysis and biotrickling filtration inoculated with Aspergillus sp. S1 for gaseous m‐xylene
Authors: Du Qingping , Zhong Zuanjia , Zhang Ting , Xu Yanbin , Zhang Guoqing , Wu Shangquan , Xu Jiaxin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiotricking filtration (BTF) based on absorption and biodegradation of waste gas by microorganisms in a biofilm can be used to degrade with difficulty hydrophobic volatile pollutants. Photocatalysis is a promising technology for the abatement of gaseous contaminants because of its nonselective oxidation of volatile organic compounds; however, photocatalysis technology has the limitations of high energy consumption and low mineralization efficiency. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of UV/TiO2 photocatalysis (PCO) pretreatment and BTF in treating gaseous m‐xylene.ResultsBTF incubated with a mold, Aspergillus sp. S1, was acclimated with m‐xylene as the sole carbon source. A combined system of PCO with BTF was developed to remove gaseous m‐xylene. The results showed that the startup period was shortened by 3 days in the PCO‐BTF combined system compared to that with BTF alone. The removal efficiency reached 73% and 91% for the BTF and PCO‐BTF systems respectively when the empty bed residence time was extended to 90 s. In addition, PCO‐BTF could withstand transient shock loading of m‐xylene of 5000 mg m−3 and gradually restore its decontamination performance.ConclusionsPCO pretreatment was effective in the enhancement of the removal capacity of BTF for m‐xylene. The PCO‐BTF system proposed in this study provides an attractive alternative to abate hydrophobic volatile pollutants. The integration of PCO essentially prompted the capability of Aspergillus sp. S1 in the BTF unit, which paves the way for the treatment of gaseous waste at an industrial scale. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The next 10 years of behavioural genomic research
Authors: Plomin Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe explosion caused by the fusion of quantitative genetics and molecular genetics will transform behavioural genetic research in child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry.MethodsAlthough the fallout has not yet settled, the goal of this paper is to predict the next 10 years of research in what could be called behavioural genomics.ResultsI focus on three research directions: the genetic architecture of psychopathology, causal modelling of gene‐environment interplay, and the use of DNA as an early warning system.ConclusionEventually, whole‐genome sequencing will be available for all newborns, which means that behavioural genomics could potentially be applied ubiquitously in research and clinical practice.