bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related qualitative differences in post‐error cognitive control adjustments
Authors: Dubravac Mirela , Roebers Claudia M. , Meier Beat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDetecting an error signals the need for increased cognitive control and behavioural adjustments. Considerable development in performance monitoring and cognitive control is evidenced by lower error rates and faster response times in multi‐trial executive function tasks with age. Besides these quantitative changes, we were interested in whether qualitative changes in balancing accuracy and speed contribute to developmental progression during elementary school years. We conducted two studies investigating the temporal and developmental trajectories of post‐error slowing in three prominent cognitive conflict tasks (Stroop, Simon, and flanker). We instructed children (8‐, 10‐, and 12‐year‐old) and adults to respond as fast and as accurately as possible and measured their response times on four trials after correct and incorrect responses to a cognitive conflict. Results revealed that all age groups had longer response times on post‐error versus post‐correct trials, reflecting post‐error slowing. Critically, slowing on the first post‐error trial declined with age, suggesting an age‐related reduction in the orienting response towards errors. This age effect diminished on subsequent trials, suggesting more fine‐tuned cognitive control adjustments with age. Overall, the consistent pattern across tasks suggests an age‐related change from a relatively strong orienting response to more balanced cognitive control adaptations.
When the internet is wrong: Children’s trust in an inaccurate internet or human source
Authors: Tong Yu , Wang Fuxing , Danovitch Judith , Wang Weijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrior studies have shown that children can select and evaluate information based on the previous accuracy of an informant. The current study examines how 5‐ to 6‐year‐old kindergarteners (N = 46) and 7‐ to 8‐year‐old second‐graders (N = 48) in China judge scientific information provided by the internet or a teacher, and how a source's history of inaccuracy influences participants’ judgments. When lacking explicit information about previous accuracy, neither younger children nor older children showed differential trust in the internet or a teacher. After observing the internet providing inaccurate information, children in both age groups decreased their trust in statements from the internet. When the teacher was consistently inaccurate, children in both age groups also showed reduced preference for the teacher's statements. These findings demonstrate that 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children take into account history of inaccuracy when deciding whether to request or endorse information from the internet or a teacher.
Targeted disruption of mitochondria potently reverses multidrug resistance in cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Dingkang , Rong Haibo , Chen Ye , Wang Qun , Qian Sijia , Ji Yue , Yao Wenbing , Yin Jun , Gao Xiangdong 
Published: January 2022

Background and purposeMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer. Ample evidence shows that ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters and high‐energy states in cells are linked to cancer drug resistance. Our previous work reported an engineered therapeutic protein named PAK, which selectively inhibited tumour progression by targeting mitochondria.Experimental approachWe studied the effects of PAK on reversing drug resistance in MDR phenotypic cells and xenograft mouse models. Effects of PAK on the process of mitochondrial energy production, ABC transporter expression, and drugs enrichment were investigated in cancer cells. RNA‐seq and co‐immunoprecipitation were employed to analyse the mechanism of PAK on the redistribution of ABC transporters.Key resultsPAK promoted the enrichment of drugs in MDR cancer cells, thus enhancing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, PAK was colocalized in the mitochondria and initiated mitochondrial injury by selectively inhibiting the mitochondrial complex V. Also, ABCB1 and ABCC1 were redistributed from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm through the disruption of lipid rafts, which was attributed to the low energy state and decreased cholesterol levels.Conclusions and implicationsOur results revealed a previously unrecognized pattern of reversal of drug resistance and have suggested mitochondria as a clinically relevant target for the treatment of MDR malignant tumours.
The cultural logic of precariousness and the marginalization of the sociological imagination: Signs from Mexican self‐help books
Authors: McLean Scott 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, precariousness has become an increasingly prominent feature of life in many countries. At the same time as precarious forms of social relations have proliferated, self‐help books have become tremendously popular. This article examines five best‐selling self‐help books in Mexico – two promoting mental wellness, one providing financial advice, one about romantic relationships, and one sharing inspirational lessons regarding success – to explore how self‐help texts reflect the cultural logic of precariousness. While encouraging readers to overcome challenges, think positively, and transform bad habits into good ones, the texts present visions of human agency free from social constraint. Self‐help books in Mexico reproduce a cultural logic that corresponds to material realities of precariousness in work and family life. This logic helps account for the expanding popularity of the genre and encourages a marginalization of the sociological imagination in popular culture – a marginalization that sociologists should contest through greater public engagement.
Social isolation, loneliness and accelerated tooth loss among Chinese older adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Qi Xiang , Pei Yaolin , Wang Katherine , Han Shuyu , Wu Bei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveSocial isolation and loneliness have been linked to numerous determinants of health and well‐being. However, the effects of social isolation and loneliness on oral health remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social isolation and loneliness on the number of remaining teeth and the rate of tooth loss over time among Chinese older adults.MethodsWe used three waves of data (2011/2012, 2014 and 2018) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with 4268 older adults aged 65 and older who were interviewed in at least two waves. The number of remaining teeth was first evaluated at baseline and then subsequently at follow‐up visits. Mixed‐effects Poisson regression was used to examine the associations between social isolation, loneliness, and both the number of remaining teeth and the rate of tooth loss.ResultsSocial isolation was associated with fewer remaining teeth (β = −.06, 95% CI = −0.13 to 0.00, p < .05) and accelerated tooth loss (β = −.02, 95% CI = −0.02 to −0.01, p < .01) after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, lifestyle and oral hygiene behaviours, physical and cognitive health, and loneliness. Loneliness was neither associated with the number of remaining teeth (β = .15, 95% CI = −0.01 to 0.30, p = .06) nor with the rate of tooth loss (β = −.01, 95% CI = −0.02 to 0.00, p = .16) after adjusting for all other factors.ConclusionsThis study provides strong evidence that social isolation was associated with fewer remaining teeth and accelerated tooth loss among Chinese older adults. These findings expand our knowledge about the impact of social disconnection on tooth loss. More future studies are needed to further examine the associations between social connections and oral conditions using longitudinal cohort studies and intervention studies.
Predictors of kindergarten‐reading performance for children with special needs: Do intervention intensity and service provider matter?
Authors: Farnsworth Elyse M. , Cordle Maddie , Sullivan Amanda L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver 1 million children under age 5 years who have special needs are served by early intervention and early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) intended to promote academic and non‐cognitive school readiness. Past research suggested these services may have null or negative effects on kindergarten‐reading skills, but these studies did not account for features of the services received by participants. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort, this study explored the relations between kindergarten‐reading performance and EI/ECSE intensity and service provider. Analyses of a nationally representative sample of 550 participants (67% male, 63% White) indicated approximately 30% of the variance in kindergarten‐reading is explained by a combination of child characteristics, hours of service and type of providers. Results suggest EI/ECSE effectiveness varies slightly by service intensity and provider, highlighting the need for additional research about the optimal conditions under which these services may be administered.
Alopecia areata – Aktuelles Verständnis und Management
Authors: Lintzeri Dimitra Aikaterini , Constantinou Andria , Hillmann Kathrin , Ghoreschi Kamran , Vogt Annika , Blume‐ Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Alopecia areata (AA) ist eine chronische immunvermittelte Erkrankung, die durch akuten oder chronischen, nicht vernarbenden Haarausfall gekennzeichnet ist. Die klinischen Erscheinungsformen sind sehr unterschiedlich und reichen von kleinen umschriebenen haarlosen Stellen bis hin zum vollständigen Verlust der Kopf‐ und Körperbehaarung. Diese Übersicht soll aktuelles Wissen zu Pathophysiologie und beteiligten Signalwegen vermitteln sowie diagnostische und therapeutische Empfehlungen geben. Aktuell verfügbare Therapieansätze bei AA, einschließlich topischer, systemischer und injizierbarer Interventionen, zeigen unterschiedlich gutes Ansprechen mit häufigen Rezidiven, was den dringenden Bedarf an effektiven zielgerichteten Therapien widerspiegelt. Neue therapeutische Ansätze und Konzepte, einschließlich Januskinase‐Inhibitoren, werden mit großer Spannung erwartet. Diese Übersicht diskutiert traditionelle und neue Therapieansätze für das Management der AA. Diese Erkrankung führt häufig zu einer starken psychosozialen Belastung für die Betroffenen, kann zu Depressionen führen, Angstzustände auslösen und die Lebensqualität beeinträchtigen. Daher sollten psychosoziale Aspekte der Krankheit mit berücksichtigt, beim Patienten angesprochen und die Notwendigkeit einer psychologischen Unterstützung erwogen werden.SummaryAlopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune‐mediated disease characterized by acute or chronic non‐scarring hair loss, with a heterogeneity in clinical manifestations ranging from patchy hair loss to complete scalp and body hair loss. An overview of the up‐to‐date pathophysiology and the underlying signaling pathways involved in AA together with diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations will be provided. Current treatments, including topical, systemic and injectable interventions show varying response and frequent relapses reflecting the unmet clinical need. Thus, the new emerging concepts and therapeutic approaches, including Janus kinase inhibitors are eagerly awaited. Traditional and emerging therapies of AA will be discussed, in order to provide physicians with guidance for AA management. Since the latter is so challenging and often tends to take a chronic course, it can have an enormous psychosocial burden on patients, compromising their quality of life and often causing depression and anxiety. Therefore, the psychosocial aspects of the disease need to be evaluated and addressed, in order to implement appropriate psychological support when needed.
Changes in plant species richness due to land use and nitrogen deposition across the globe
Authors: Gallego‐Zamorano Juan , Huijbregts Mark A.J. , Schipper Aafke M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe effects of land use and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on plant species richness are typically studied in isolation. Here, we quantified the combined effects of these two pressures on terrestrial plant species richness at a 0.25º spatial resolution across the globe.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe first used local monitoring and experimental data to determine the proportional changes in plant species richness in relation to different land‐use types and N addition levels according to a meta‐analytical approach. We then developed a new multi‐pressure species–area relationship (mp‐SAR) model to combine the site‐level responses resulting from the meta‐analyses with global land use and N deposition maps to calculate changes in plant species richness at a resolution of 0.25º across the globe.ResultsBoth pressures combined resulted in an average plant species richness decline of 26% (± 12% SD) across the grid cells. The combined impact was the largest in Europe, with an average decline of 34% (± 8%), and the smallest in South America (16% ± 11%). Overall, species declines due to land use were considerably larger (19% ± 11%) than declines due to N deposition (6% ± 6%).Main conclusionsOur new species–area model allows for systematic large‐scale assessments of the combined effects of multiple pressures on species richness based on easily retrievable input data. Overall, land use is a more important driver of plant species richness decline than N deposition, but N deposition may have considerable additional impact in specific regions of Europe, Asia and North America. These findings imply that conservation efforts should simultaneously tackle both pressures to ensure their effectiveness in preserving plant biodiversity.
Salix shrub encroachment along a 1000 m elevation gradient triggers a major ecosystem change in the European Alps
Authors: Cannone Nicoletta , Guglielmin Mauro , Casiraghi Chiara , Malfasi Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Shrub encroachment, a globally recognized response to climate warming, usually involves late successional species in mountain environments, without alteration to climax communities. We show that a major ecosystem change is occurring in the European Alps across a 1000 m elevation gradient, with pioneer hygrophilous Salix shrubs, previously typical of riparian forests, wetlands and avalanche ravines, encroaching into the climax communities of subalpine and alpine belts shrublands and grasslands, as well as snowbeds, pioneer vegetation and barren grounds in the nival belt.We analyzed Salix recruitment through dendrochronological methods, and assessed its relationships with climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration. The dendrochronological data indicated that Salix encroachment commenced in the 1950s (based on the age of the oldest Salix individuals, recruited in 1957), and that it was correlated with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, spring warming and snow cover decrease. Hygrophilous Salix shrubs are expanding their distribution both through range filling and upwards migration, likely achieving competitive replacement of species of subalpine and alpine climax communities. They benefit from climate warming and CO2 fertilization and are not sensitive to spring frost damage and soil limitations, being observed across a gradient of soil conditions from loose glacial sediments in recently deglaciated areas (where soils had not had sufficient time to develop) to mature soils such as podzols (when colonizing late successional subalpine shrublands).Salix encroachment may trigger ecosystem and landscape transformations, promoting the development of forests that replace pre‐existing subalpine shrublands, and of open woodlands invading alpine grasslands and snowbeds, making the alpine environment similar to sub‐Arctic and Arctic areas. This results in a new threat to the conservation of the plant species, communities and landscapes typical of the alpine biota, as mountain ranges such as the Alps provide limited opportunities for upward migration and range‐shift.
Self‐deceptionand moral interests
Authors: Borman David A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdult persons normally are taken as prima facie authorities regarding their own avowed interests, so that an accusation of self‐deception with respect to such interests troubles our default presumptions. Furthermore, the difficulty, in practice, of knowing when such accusations are warranted presents a peculiar obstacle to moral justification, inasmuch as knowing how the interests of various persons really are likely to be affected by some act or norm is an accepted preliminary to moral justification across a wide range of theoretical approaches and is, in some cases—such as in contractualist accounts—decisive. I argue that a careful examination of the pragmatics of coherent allegations of self‐deception shows them to rely on a form of ‘proleptic’ argument, and that the truth‐ or validity‐conditions for such utterances lie in the transformative appropriation of the one so accused.
Does spatial sorting explain leading edge personality types in a spider’s non‐native range?
Authors: Chuang Angela , Riechert Susan E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExpanding populations are often characterized by phenotypic shifts across the range. Processes like spatial sorting predict that phenotypes may be distributed along a range based on dispersal ability, where the most dispersive individuals are found at the leading edges and the least dispersive remain at the population core. Thus, traits correlated to dispersal may also become spatially distributed in the same pattern. Cyrtophora citricola is an orb‐web spider with two expanding populations originating from the same core in its non‐native Florida range. Since spiders at the leading edges were previously found to differ in various personality traits from those at the core, we measured dispersal latency and likelihood in laboratory‐raised spiderlings to determine whether spatial sorting can account for these patterns. Only one of the two populations showed evidence of spatial sorting, suggesting this phenomenon is likely context dependent and is not always generalizable to expanding populations. Spiders from the leading edge of the eastern population were more dispersive than those at the core, although western spiders were the least dispersive of the three populations. Dispersal likelihood was correlated with the activity and exploratory tendencies of individuals. Population‐level differences we had previously observed for foraging aggression and activity were not found in the captive‐raised spiders, suggesting that they represent plastic responses to environmental conditions instead of being a result of dispersal‐correlated trait evolution. However, mean population‐level differences in exploration and boldness were maintained in captivity, suggesting that these behaviors have a heritable component. Overall, the eastern spiders were characterized as being bolder, whereas the western spiders were the least bold and exploratory. While this study provides evidence of spatial sorting of more dispersive, exploratory, and active individuals in the eastern population, the divergence in risk‐taking behaviors between the two populations highlights the potential context dependency in spatial sorting and the importance of understanding the interactions between natural and spatial selection.
Crack resistance of fiber‐reinforced asphalt mixtures: Effect of test specimen and test condition
Authors: Hajiloo Hamid Reza , Karimi Hamid Reza , Aliha M. R. M. , Zanjirani Farahani Hossein , Salehi S. M. , Hajiloo Mojtaba , Jafari Haghighatpour Pegah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of some important testing conditions including test specimen (SCB and ENDB), fracture mode (I and II), loading rate (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mm/min), and temperature (−5°C, −15°C, and −25°C) is evaluated on fracture toughness of asphalt material containing different percentages of fibers (0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% of unit weight). The experimental and numerical results show that the addition of 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% of the polyolefin–aramid fiber in asphalt mixture increases the fracture toughness of the control mixture by about 8%, 17%, and 23% in pure mode I and 7%, 16%, and 24% in pure mode II, respectively; which are among the most promising enhancements compared to other fibers. Results also reveal that fracture toughness at mode I obtained from the SCB and ENDB specimens is similar. However, the mode II fracture toughness obtained from the ENDB specimen is about 12% higher than the corresponding value obtained from the SCB specimen.
Experimental and theoretical research on creep‐fatigue behaviors of 316L steel with and without 650°C thermal aging
Authors: Mao Jianfeng , Yang Jiadong , Zhu Jian , Ding Zhenyu , Zhong Fengping , Wang Dasheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, tensile test and creep‐fatigue test at 650°C were carried out for 316L steel with and without prior thermal aging. The effect of aging on creep‐fatigue interaction of 316L steel is analyzed in detail. Microscopic observations are performed on fatigue and creep‐fatigue specimens to study the microstructure characteristics affected by aging, creep, and fatigue. Actually, three strain amplitude loadings of ±0.3%, ±0.4%, and ±0.5% are adopted in creep‐fatigue tests. The creep‐fatigue behaviors of unaged and aged 316L steel are investigated in depth for varying strain amplitude. The creep‐fatigue constitutive model is constructed by using Chaboche mixed softening and hardening model combined with strain hardening creep. Life prediction models are compared and used to do prediction. The applicability of different models is recommended. The accuracy of the models is analyzed by comparing with the test data. The agreement is achieved between theoretical and experimental predictions.
Timing and magnitude of climate‐driven range shifts in transboundary fish stocks challenge their management
Authors: Palacios‐Abrantes Juliano , Frölicher Thomas L. , Reygondeau Gabriel , Sumaila U. Rashid , Tagliabue Alessandro , Wabnitz Colette C. C. , Cheung William W. L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change is shifting the distribution of shared fish stocks between neighboring countries’ Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and the high seas. The timescale of these transboundary shifts determines how climate change will affect international fisheries governance. Here, we explore this timescale by coupling a large ensemble simulation of an Earth system model under a high emission climate change scenario to a dynamic population model. We show that by 2030, 23% of transboundary stocks will have shifted and 78% of the world's EEZs will have experienced at least one shifting stock. By the end of this century, projections show a total of 45% of stocks shifting globally and 81% of EEZs waters with at least one shifting stock. The magnitude of such shifts is reflected in changes in catch proportion between EEZs sharing a transboundary stock. By 2030, global EEZs are projected to experience an average change of 59% in catch proportion of transboundary stocks. Many countries that are highly dependent on fisheries for livelihood and food security emerge as hotspots for transboundary shifts. These hotspots are characterized by early shifts in the distribution of an important number of transboundary stocks. Existing international fisheries agreements need to be assessed for their capacity to address the social–ecological implications of climate‐change‐driven transboundary shifts. Some of these agreements will need to be adjusted to limit potential conflict between the parties of interest. Meanwhile, new agreements will need to be anticipatory and consider these concerns and their associated uncertainties to be resilient to global change.