bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource supply and organismal dominance are associated with high secondary production in temperate agricultural streams
Authors: Wild Romy , Gücker Björn , Weitere Markus , Brauns Mario 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Agricultural land‐use affects the environmental and biological characteristics of stream ecosystems through multiple pathways including nutrient and pesticide contamination, riparian clear‐cutting and hydromorphological degradation. These changes in the abiotic environment can have a direct effect on the productivity of macroinvertebrate communities through environmental filtering and via altered resource conditions encompassing a shift from allochthonous to autochthonous primary production and changes in elemental stoichiometry and food quality. Additionally, macroinvertebrate productivity can be affected indirectly via biological mechanisms, such as changes in species interactions, richness, competition, and predation. We studied the effects of agriculture on structural and functional descriptors of macroinvertebrate communities by assessing environmental characteristics and macroinvertebrate secondary production (MSP), biomass and density in two forested and two agricultural streams and investigated underlying biotic mechanisms. On average, MSP was 1.6–3.6, biomass 2.8–6.2 and density 5–13 times higher in agricultural than in forested streams. This pattern was associated with higher nutrient concentrations, standing crops of riparian herbaceous vegetation, suspended particulate organic carbon, quantity and quality of epilithic biofilms and chlorophyll‐a concentrations in seston and biofilm of the agricultural streams. Species richness and evenness were significantly lower in agricultural than in forested streams. A negative relationship between MSP and species richness and evenness indicated that density compensation and trait dominance were the prevalent mechanisms facilitating higher MSP in agricultural streams.

Our findings suggest that the loss of riparian canopy and excess nutrient conditions are the major environmental drivers contributing to homogenization of ecological niches and dominance of highly productive non‐insect generalist species. This study highlights the importance of an ecosystem approach to understanding how complex aggregate stressors affect the regulation of consumer–resource interactions. There is an urgent need to preserve or restore natural riparian vegetation, fostering habitat and resource diversity and limiting nutrient contamination to stream ecosystems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Inter‐individual variation in parasite manipulation of host phenotype: A role for parasite microbiomes?
Authors: Poulin Robert , Jorge Fátima , Salloum Priscila M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlterations in host phenotype induced by metazoan parasites are widespread in nature, yet the underlying mechanisms and the sources of intraspecific variation in the extent of those alterations remain poorly understood.In light of the microbiome revolution sweeping through ecology and evolutionary biology, we hypothesise that the composition of symbiotic microbial communities living within individual parasites influences the nature and extent of their effect on host phenotype. The interests of both the parasite and its symbionts are aligned through the latter's vertical transmission, favouring joint contributions to the manipulation of host phenotype.Our hypothesis can explain the variation in the extent to which parasites alter host phenotype, as microbiome composition varies among individual parasites. We propose two non‐exclusive approaches to test the hypothesis, furthering the integration of microbiomes into studies of host–parasite interactions.
MINERALIZED URBANIZATION IN AFRICA IN THE TWENTY‐FIRST CENTURY: Becoming Urban through Mining Extraction
Authors: Bryceson Deborah Fahy , Gough Katherine V. , Jønsson Jesper Bosse , Kinabo Crispin , Shand Michael Clarke , Rodrigues Cristina Udelsmann , Yankson Paul W.K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the urbanizing impact of the post‐millennial mineral boom at artisanal and small‐scale (ASM) or large‐scale (LSM) mining sites in three mineral‐rich countries, involving gold in Ghana, diamonds in Angola, and both minerals in Tanzania. The focus is on comparing the agency of miners and other residents migrating to, settling in, and making the mining site habitable. Their mobility and settlement patterns reveal an urbanization trend marked by population agglomeration and expanding labour complexity, taking distinct forms at the rush and mature stages of gold and diamond ASM and LSM sites. Citing data from household surveys conducted at 12 mining sites, we trace how ‘mineralized urbanization’ propels in‐migration, rising localized purchasing power, and proliferating service sector and trade activities, fuelling both urban demographic and economic change along the mining extraction trajectory. LSM and ASM generate synergies as well as detractive forces, depending on the size, age and history of the mining settlement development. What emerges is the differential development of households and settlements through strategic economic manoeuvring and the rough and tumble of happenstance, underlined by a compelling, albeit fluctuating, trajectory of non‐renewable mineralized urbanization.
Case report of acute encephalitis following the AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Li Shu‐Yuan , Chen Hsin‐Hua , Liu Po‐Yu , Shi Zhi‐Yuan , Lin Yu‐Hui , Tsai Che‐An , Lin Shih‐Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines have proven to be safe, effective and life‐saving. However, little information is available on the neurological complications of COVID‐19 vaccine. Here, we report a case who developed acute encephalomyelitis 1 week after being vaccinated with AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccine (AZ vaccine). Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) was also suspected. After intravenous dexamethasone and subcutaneous fondaparinux therapy, he returned to normal life without neurological sequelae. Four months later, he received Moderna COVID‐19 vaccine without any sequelae.
Assessment of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐8, and CCL 5 levels in newly diagnosed Saudi patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alturaiki Wael , Alhamad Abdulaziz , Alturaiqy Muath , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Iqbal Danish , Bin Dukhyil Abdul Aziz , Alaidarous Mohammed , Alshehri Bader , Alsagaby Suliman A , Almalki Sami G. , Alghofaili Fayez , Choudhary Ranjay K. , Almutairi Saeedah , Banawas Saeed , Alosaimi Bandar , Mubarak Ayman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder which mainly affects small joints, occurs most commonly in middle‐aged adults, and can be fatal in severe cases. The exact etiology of RA remains unknown. However, uncontrolled expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.AimIn the current study, we assessed the potential of serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐8, and C‐C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5 as early predictive markers for RA.MethodsIn addition to clinical examination, blood samples were collected from 100 Saudi patients recently diagnosed with early RA for basic and serological tests, including rheumatoid factor (RF), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Sera of 32 healthy individuals were used as controls. Specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the serum IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐8, and CCL5 levels in the samples.ResultsOur results indicated that RF, CRP, and ESR levels were higher in RA patients compared to controls. Furthermore, serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and CCL5, but not TNF‐α, significantly increased in RA patients compared to controls.ConclusionOverall, the findings suggested that IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and CCL5 can be used as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of RA.
Establishing a sustainable training programme in anaesthesia in Ethiopia
Authors: Holmaas Gunhild , Abate Ananya , Woldetsadik Assefu , Hevrøy Olav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLack of qualified staff is a major hindrance for quality and safety improvements in anaesthesia and critical care in many low‐income countries. Support in specialist training may enhance perioperative treatment and have a positive downstream impact on other hospital services, which may improve the overall standard of care.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2019, consultant anaesthetists from Haukeland University Hospital in Norway supported a postgraduate anaesthesia‐training programme at Addis Ababa University/Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital in Ethiopia. The aim of the programme was to build a self‐sustainable work force of anaesthetists across the country who could perform high quality anaesthesia within the confinement of limited local resources. Over the course of 10 years, an almost continuous rotation of experienced anaesthetists and intensivists assisted training of Ethiopian residents in anaesthesia and critical care. Local specialists organised the programme; however, external support was necessary during this period to establish a sustainable training programme.ResultsSince the programme's commencement at Addis Ababa University in 2011, 159 residents have entered the programme and 71 have graduated. As the number of qualified anaesthetists increased, Ethiopian specialists gradually obtained responsibility for the programme. Candidates are recruited from various regions and from neighbouring countries. Five other Ethiopian training sites have been established. To date (May 2022), 112 residents have completed their training in Ethiopia, and 195 residents expect to graduate within 3 years.ConclusionNearly 11 years after establishment of the programme, locally trained highly qualified anaesthetists work in Ethiopia's major hospitals throughout the country.
Electrocardiographic findings associated with early clinical deterioration in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Weekes Anthony J. , Raper Jaron D. , Thomas Alyssa M. , Lupez Kathryn , Cox Carly A. , Esener Dasia , Boyd Jeremy S. , Nomura Jason T. , Davison Jillian , Ockerse Patrick M. , Leech Stephen , Abrams Eric , Kelly Christopher , O'Connell Nathaniel S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to determine associations of early electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns with clinical deterioration (CD) within 5 days and with RV abnormality (abnlRV) by echocardiography in pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter study of newly confirmed PE patients, early echocardiography and initial ECG were examined. Initial ECG patterns included lead‐specific ST‐segment elevation (STE) or depression (STD), T‐wave inversion (TWI), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), sinus tachycardia, and right bundle branch block as complete (cRBBB) or incomplete (iRBBB). We defined CD as respiratory failure, hypotension, dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, escalated PE intervention, or death within 5 days. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for CD and abnlRV with univariate and full multivariate models in the presence of other variables.ResultsOf 1676 patients, 1629 (97.2%) had both ECG and GDE; 415/1676 (24.7%) had CD, and 529/1629 (32.4%) had abnlRV. AbnlRV had an OR for CD of 4.25 (3.35, 5.38). By univariable analysis, the absence of abnormal ECG patterns had OR for CD and abnlRV of 0.34 (0.26, 0.44; p < 0.001) and 0.24 (0.18, 0.31; p < 0.001), respectively. By multivariable analyses, one ECG pattern had a significant OR for CD: SVT 2.87 (1.66, 5.00). Significant ORS for abnlRV were: TWI V2–4 4.0 (2.64, 6.12), iRBBB 2.63 (1.59, 4.38), STE aVR 2.42 (1.58, 3.74), S1‐Q3‐T3 2.42 (1.70, 3.47), and sinus tachycardia 1.68 (1.14, 2.49).ConclusionsSVT was an independent predictor of CD. TWI V2–4, iRBBB, STE aVR, sinus tachycardia, and S1‐Q3‐T3 were independent predictors of abnlRV. Finding one or more of these ECG patterns may increase considerations for performance of echocardiography to look for RV abnormalities and, if present, inform concerns for early clinical deterioration.
Associated regions for multiple birth in Brown Swiss and Original Braunvieh cattle on chromosomes 15 and 11
Authors: Widmer Sarah , Seefried Franz R. , von Rohr Peter , Häfliger Irene M. , Spengeler Mirjam , Drögemüller Cord 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwin and multiple births have negative effects on the performance and health of cows and calves. To decipher the genetic architecture of this trait in the two Swiss Brown Swiss cattle populations, we performed various association analyses based on de‐regressed breeding values. Genome‐wide association analyses were executed using ~600 K imputed SNPs for the maternal multiple birth trait in ~3500 Original Braunvieh and ~7800 Brown Swiss animals. Significantly associated QTL were observed on different chromosomes for both breeds. We have identified on chromosome 11 a QTL that explains ~6% of the total genetic variance of the maternal multiple birth trait in Original Braunvieh. For the Brown Swiss breed, we have discovered a QTL on chromosome 15 that accounts for ~4% of the total genetic variance. For Original Braunvieh, subsequent haplotype analysis revealed a 90‐kb window on chromosome 11 at 88 Mb, where a likely regulatory region is located close to the ID2 gene. In Brown Swiss, a 130‐kb window at 75 Mb on chromosome 15 was identified. Analysis of whole‐genome sequence data using linkage‐disequilibrium estimation revealed possible causal variants for the identified QTL. A presumably regulatory variant in the non‐coding 5′ region of the ID2 gene was strongly associated with the haplotype for Original Braunvieh. In Brown Swiss, an intron variant in PRDM11, one 3′ UTR variant in SYT13 and three intergenic variants 5′ upstream of SYT13 were identified as candidate variants for the trait multiple birth maternal. In this study, we report for the first time QTL for the trait of multiple births in Original Braunvieh and Brown Swiss cattle. Moreover, our findings are another step towards a better understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this polygenic trait.
Genetic variation in chicken interferon signalling pathway genes in research lines showing differential viral resistance
Authors: Mountford Joshua , Gheyas Almas , Vervelde Lonneke , Smith Jacqueline 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAvian viruses of economic interest are a significant burden on the poultry industry, affecting production traits and resulting in mortality. Furthermore, the zoonosis of avian viruses risks pandemics developing in humans. Vaccination is the most common method of controlling viruses; however current vaccines often lack cross‐protection against multiple strains of each virus. The mutagenicity of these viruses has also led to virulent strains emerging that can overcome the protection offered by vaccines. Breeding chickens with a more robust innate immune response may help in tackling current and emerging viruses. Understanding the genetic evolution of different lines will thus provide a useful tool in helping the host in the fight against pathogens. This study focuses on the interferon genes and their receptors in different chicken lines that are known to be more resistant or susceptible to particular avian viruses. Comparing genotypic differences in these core immune genes between the chicken lines may explain the phenotypic differences observed and aid the identification of causative variations. The relative resistance/susceptibility of each line to viruses of interest (Marek’s disease virus, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis virus and avian influenza virus) has previously been determined. Here we identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in interferons and downstream genes. Functional prediction tools were used to identify variants that may be affecting protein structure, mRNA secondary structure or transcription factor and micro‐RNA binding sites. These variants were then considered in the context of the research lines and their distribution between phenotypes. We highlight 60 variants of interest in the interferon pathway genes that may account for susceptibility/resistance to viral pathogens.
Quality of life following laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery with self‐adhesive mesh in 552 patients: a two surgeon experience
Authors: Lau Young Jade , Poynter Demi , Moss David , Singh Parry (Primal) , Weaver Abi , Poole Garth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven negative publicity surrounding surgical mesh in the media, the aim of this study was to assess post‐operative morbidity and quality of life (QoL) following laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery with self‐adhesive ProgripTM mesh.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of ProgripTM mesh for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs by two experienced surgeons in the public and private sectors. Data were collected by screening electronic clinical records. A sample of participants were contacted directly for QoL assessment using the Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel.ResultsFive hundred and fifty‐two patients had 648 hernia repairs using ProgripTM mesh from 2013 to 2019. The rate of hernia recurrence was 0.2% (n = 1). The rate of reoperation was 0.5% (n = 3). There were no mesh explant procedures, no adhesion‐related readmissions and no perioperative deaths. Haematoma was the most common post‐operative complication, occurring in 3.1% of participants (n = 17). The CCS assessment had a response rate of 55.8%. A total of 93% of CCS questions were answered with no sensation of mesh, 92% with no pain and 98% with no movement limitation. No participants reported severe or disabling symptoms.ConclusionIn this cohort, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with ProgripTM has shown a low recurrence rate and excellent post‐operative QoL. The QoL data shows that the public perception of mesh based on media reports of complications may not be relevant for this operation. The knowledge gained from this study reinforces the potential value of a national mesh registry such as those seen overseas.
Editorial: higher levels of certain serum bile acids in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—new insights from Guatemala
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Targher Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rivera‐Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17061
Editorial: the impact of red blood cell transfusion on inpatient mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding—authors’ reply
Authors: Radadiya Dhruvil , Devani Kalpit , Rockey Don C. 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Radadiya et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16965 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17048
Letter: association of circulating bile acid concentrations and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—authors’ reply
Authors: Rivera‐Andrade Alvaro , Petrick Jessica L. , Alvarez Christian S. , Graubard Barry I. , Florio Andrea A. , Kroker‐Lobos Maria F. , Parisi Dominick , Freedman Neal D. , Lazo Mariana , Guallar Eliseo , Groopman John D. , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rivera–Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16986
Editorial: higher levels of certain serum bile acids in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease–new insights from Guatemala.Authors’ reply
Authors: Rivera‐Andrade Alvaro , Petrick Jessica L. , Alvarez Christian S. , Graubard Barry I. , Florio Andrea A. , Kroker‐Lobos Maria F. , Parisi Dominick , Freedman Neal D. , Lazo Mariana , Guallar Eliseo , Groopman John D. , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rivera–Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16962
Letter: pancreatic involvement in inflammatory bowel disease—authors' reply
Authors: Massironi Sara , Viganò Chiara , Danese Silvio 
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Massironi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16949 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17078
Reproductive biology of the Amazonian amphibian fish the splash tetra Copella arnoldi with emphasis to histological characterization
Authors: Cordeiro Jhennifer Gomes , Rodrigues Jeane , dos Santos Raquel , da Silva Rodrigues Maira , Nóbrega Rafael Henrique , da Silva Siqueira Felipe Fernando , Maximino Caio , de Siqueira‐Silva Diógenes Henrique 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study describes important components of the reproductive biology of the Amazonian amphibian fish Copella arnoldi. The species sex ratio biased to female 1.8 to 1 male and the length‐weight relationship also shown differences between sexes (b value = 1.854 for females and 2.235 for males), although both presented allometric growth (b < 3), “being lighter for its length”. The results also show the importance of the histological analysis to describe the gametogenesis and, consequently, define the reproductive cycle of a fish species. It showed both, males and females, spawning capable during a whole year, whereas the gonadosomatic index pointed spawning capable females during the winter and summer, and spawning capable males only in the autumn. The species presents the rare type of semicystic spermatogenesis and the spermatids complete their differentiation into the tubular lumen, forming a Type I spermatozoa. Both the characteristics are described for the first time for the Lebiasinidae family. Such data can contribute to the discussions about the position of the Lebiasinidae family within the Characiform order, which still does not have a conclusion. Moreover, understand the reproductive biology of a fish species helps its preservation in its habitat and may be applied in restoration programs.