bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock temporality: international students coping with disrupted lives and suspended futures
Authors: Gomes Catherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, people around the word experienced periods of local, state and international immobility due to lockdowns, border closers and travel restrictions. For transient migrants such as international students, these kinds of immobility have resulted in disrupted lives with professional and personal futures suspended as careers and relationships become stuck in limbo. Moreover, such sudden and extended periods of immobility have not been sufficiently covered in temporality literature due to the novelty of the pandemic crisis in the international education, migration and mobility studies spaces. By conducting a pilot project investigating current and recently graduated higher degree by research (HDR) international students (PhD, Masters and Honours) from public institutions in the Australian city of Melbourne, this paper, thus, introduces the concept of ‘shock temporality’ caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Shock temporality takes place when the expected and finite temporary/transitory experience becomes forcefully broken and appears to be ongoing outside of the individual’s control. While shock temporality has left HDR international students’ professional and personal agendas and aspirations in suspension, students interviewed use the time to plan and prepare for truncated futures. The findings of this paper, thus, become relevant in assisting higher education student support services in creating potential approaches and strategies for a post-pandemic future.
Bioinspired PcBN/hBN fibrous monolithic ceramic: High-temperature crack resistance responses and self-lubricating performances
Authors: Chen Shu-na , Fan Hengzhong , Su Yunfeng , Li Jicheng , Song Junjie , Hu Litian , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe high strength and toughness of natural materials are mainly determined by a combination of mechanisms operating at different length scales, which can be used as a strategy to reduce the intrinsic brittleness of ceramics. Inspired by the architectures of bamboo, the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride/hexagonal boron nitride (PcBN/hBN) fibrous monolithic ceramics with a long fiber arrangement structure was constructed with PcBN fiber cells and hBN cell boundaries, and its crack resistance responses and tribological performances were investigated. The composite ceramic failed in a non-brittle manner with the rising resistance curve (R-curve) behavior, which was attributed to multiscale crack effects in the hierarchical architecture. The maximum crack growth toughness was extremely high (approximately 21 MPa·m1/2), corresponding to a 270% increase over the crack initiation toughness. Excellent fracture resistance could be retained even above 1000 °C. Moreover, the composite ceramic exhibited low and stable friction coefficients (approximately 0.33) when paired with a Si3N4 pin at high temperature (1000 °C), owing to the lubrication function of hBN cell boundaries with weak van der Waals forces and a small amount of liquid B2O3 produced. As a result, a synergistic improvement of mechanical and tribological properties at high temperature (1000 °C) was realized by combining bionic structure and tribological design. It provides important theoretical and technical support for expanding the application of self-lubricating composite ceramics in harsh environments.
What does gender have to do with the price of tuna? Social-ecological systems view of women, gender, and governance in Fiji’s tuna fishery
Authors: Syddall Victoria Margaret , Fisher Karen , Thrush Simon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Western and Central Pacific (WCP) tuna fisheries form part of a broad and complex social and ecological system (SES). This consists of interconnected elements including people (social, cultural, economic) and the biophysical environment in which they live. One area that has received little attention by policy makers is gender. Gender is important because it deepens understandings of behaviours, roles, power relations, policies, programs, and services that may differentially impact on social, ecological, economic, cultural, and political realities of people. This paper contributes a “first step” to examining gender issues in WCP tuna SES. Women’s roles in WCP tuna SES in Fiji are explored and an evaluation of the impact fisheries development policy has on gender equality over the past two decades is revealed. Three key findings emerged from interviews, focus group discussions, and observations: 1) traditional gendered roles remain where women are marginalised in either invisible or low-paid and unskilled roles, and violence is sanctioned; 2) gender mainstreaming of policy and practice remain simplistic and narrow, but are transitioning towards more equitable outcomes for women; and 3) failure to consider gender within the context of WCP tuna SES leads to unintended outcomes that undermine potential benefits of the fishery to broader society, especially to women. A multifaceted approach is recommended to integrate substantive gender equality into SES-based approaches. This research argues educating and getting women opportunities to work on boats falls short of redressing inequality and injustice that is embedded in the social, political, and economic status quo.
Spatial variability of soil moisture in a mining subsidence area of northwest China
Authors: Bai Lu , Wang Yajing , Zhang Kai , Yang Yingming , Bao Kaikai , Zhao Jiangang , Li Xiaonan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated the impact of coal mining on deep soil moisture from the perspective of the absolute value of soil moisture. A combined classical statistics and multi-dimensional geo-statistics approach was employed to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in soil moisture from 0 to 10 m in the mining face of the Nalin River No. 2 Mine in Northwest China from the perspective of spatial variability. The results of the study show that compared with the control area, the average value of soil moisture in 1- and 2-year subsidence areas decreased by 1.18% and 0.96%, respectively, whereas the coefficient of variation increased by 17.92% and 3.63%, respectively. Interpolation of soil moisture spatial distribution results showed that the spatial variability of soil moisture in the control area was less than that in the subsidence areas, and the spatial variability of soil moisture in the 2-year subsidence area was less than that in the 1-year subsidence area, indicating that mining increases the spatial variability of soil moisture and that the degree of spatial variability of soil moisture decreases as the subsidence enters the stable period. These results provide evidence for the mechanism by which coal mining subsidence affects soil moisture. Preferential flow caused by surface cracks, soil texture, the soil pore microstructure, and other factors in the coal mining subsidence area are the primary drivers of the increase in spatial variability of soil moisture.
Intensity of repetitive negative thinking in depression is associated with greater functional connectivity between semantic processing and emotion regulation areas
Authors: Tsuchiyagaito Aki , Sánchez Stella M. , Misaki Masaya , Kuplicki Rayus , Park Heekyong , Paulus Martin P. , Guinjoan Salvador M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive negative thinking (RNT), a cognitive process that encompasses past (rumination) and future (worry) directed thoughts focusing on negative experiences and the self, is a transdiagnostic construct that is especially relevant for major depressive disorder (MDD). Severe RNT often occurs in individuals with severe levels of MDD, which makes it challenging to disambiguate the neural circuitry underlying RNT from depression severity.MethodsWe used a propensity score, i.e., a conditional probability of having high RNT given observed covariates to match high and low RNT individuals who are similar in the severity of depression, anxiety, and demographic characteristics. Of 148 MDD individuals, we matched high and low RNT groups (n = 50/group) and used a data-driven whole-brain voxel-to-voxel connectivity pattern analysis to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity differences between the groups.ResultsThere was an association between RNT and connectivity in the bilateral superior temporal sulcus (STS), an important region for speech processing including inner speech. High relative to low RNT individuals showed greater connectivity between right STS and bilateral anterior insular cortex (AI), and between bilateral STS and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Greater connectivity in those regions was specifically related to RNT but not to depression severity.ConclusionsRNT intensity is directly related to connectivity between STS and AI/DLPFC. This might be a mechanism underlying the role of RNT in perceptive, cognitive, speech, and emotional processing. Future investigations will need to determine whether modifying these connectivities could be a treatment target to reduce RNT.
Presidents, Fed chairs, and the deviations from the Taylor rule
Authors: Chang Fang-Shuo , Chen Shiu-Sheng , Lin Tzu-Yu , Wang Po-Yuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines whether changes in US presidential administration and central bank turnover during the period 1976–2016 caused regime shifts in Taylor rule deviations. Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to construct the welfare-maximizing policy rule and deviations from the optimal rule, we find evidence that politics indeed play a key role in explaining these deviations. In addition to politics, unemployment rates and the interest rate spread significantly account for regime shifts in Taylor rule deviations.
South Asian Monsoon Variability and Arctic Sea Ice Extent Linkages During the Late Pliocene
Authors: Behera Padmasini , Tiwari Manish , Kumar Vikash , Sarathchandraprasad T. , Tripathi Shubham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe influence of a warming‐induced reduction in Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) on the South Asian monsoon (SoAM) is not well understood. The mid‐Piacenzian Warm Period (MPWP, 3.264–3.025 million years ago, Ma), the most recent warm climate event when the Earth's CO2 levels were similar to the present, is considered an analog for future global warming. We present a multi‐proxy high‐resolution record of SoAM variability during the late Pliocene (∼3.4–2.7 Ma) using denitrification, productivity, weathering, and terrestrial influx proxies from the eastern Arabian Sea (International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355). The proxy‐based SoAM reconstruction is independently verified using a hybrid model‐proxy data set (Oscillayers). We identify two distinct intervals of monsoon intensification—during the MPWP and at 2.9 Ma. The SoAM variability appears to result from an interplay between dynamic (Insolation, Arctic SIE variability, and southern tropical Indian Ocean surface temperature variability due to Indonesian Throughflow changes) and thermodynamic effects (global temperature change due to pCO2 variability). Using a late Pliocene Arctic spring sea ice concentration reconstruction, we find that lower (higher) Arctic SIE leads to stronger (weaker) late Pliocene SoAM via asymmetric interhemispheric energy export and through modulating jet stream flow and meridional circulation. Our finding of strengthened SoAM during the MPWP corroborates model results and implies that more intense precipitation is expected over South Asia with continued climate warming.
Resolve the Clear‐Sky Continuous Diurnal Cycle of High‐Resolution ECOSTRESS Evapotranspiration and Land Surface Temperature
Authors: Wen Jiaming , Fisher Joshua B. , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Hu Leiqiu , Litvak Marcy E. , Sun Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough numerous evapotranspiration (ET) estimates have been developed from remote sensing measurements, a diurnally resolved product with high spatial resolution (<100 m) is still lacking, which is critically needed for agricultural and ecological monitoring. The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) provides, for the first time, ET at 70 m resolution with diurnal samplings, enabling a step toward filling this data gap. This study developed the first framework to resolve the full diurnal cycle of ET and Land Surface Temperature (LST) from sporadic ECOSTRESS measurements. We first constructed 70 m diurnal LST utilizing a diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) model that fused ECOSTRESS and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) LST. Next, we derived 70 m diurnal ET from the diurnally resolved LST, along with ancillary meteorological and reflectance data sets, using the Priestley‐Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT‐JPL) algorithm. This framework was tested in two regions: A relatively homogeneous semiarid grassland landscape (centered at the US‐Seg Ameriflux site) and a heterogeneous humid cropland landscape (centered at US‐ARM). Our diurnally resolved LST and ET successfully reproduced the spatial patterns in the native ECOSTRESS measurements during overpasses for both landscapes (LST: r > 0.97, RMSE ∼2°C; ET: r > 0.99, and RMSE = 1–7 W m−2). The constructed time series also well captured the temporal variability of the in situ measurements (especially under clear‐sky conditions) at both US‐Seg and US‐ARM, albeit performance varying with availability and quality of ECOSTRESS samples. This study sets the stage for testing and applying our framework to broader climates, biomes, and landscapes toward eventually generating diurnally resolved 70 m global operational LST/ET products to enhance ecological/agricultural applications.
Reproducibility of real-world evidence studies using clinical practice data to inform regulatory and coverage decisions
Authors: Wang Shirley V. , Sreedhara Sushama Kattinakere , Schneeweiss Sebastian ,   REPEAT Initiative, Franklin Jessica M. , Gagne Joshua J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Patorno Elisabetta , Jin Yinzhu , Lee Moa , Mahesri Mufaddal , Pawar Ajinkya , Barberio Julie , Bessette Lily G. , Chin Kristyn , Gautam Nileesa , Ortiz Adrian Santiago , Sears Ellen , Stefanini Kristina , Zakarian Mimi , Dejene Sara , Rogers James R. , Brill Gregory , Landon Joan , Lii Joyce , Tsacogianis Theodore , Vine Seanna , Garry Elizabeth M. , Gibbs Liza R. , Gierada Monica , Isaman Danielle L. , Payne Emma , Alwardt Sarah , Arlett Peter , Bartels Dorothee B. , Bate Andrew , Berlin Jesse , Bourke Alison , Bradbury Brian , Brown Jeffrey , Burnett Karen , Brennan Troyen , Chan K. Arnold , Choi Nam-Kyong , de Vries Frank , Eichler Hans-Georg , Filion Kristian B. , Freeman Lisa , Hallas Jesper , Happe Laura , Hennessy Sean , Jónsson Páll , Ioannidis John , Jimenez Javier , Kahler Kristijan H. , Laine Christine , Loder Elizabeth , Makady Amr , Martin David , Nguyen Michael , Nosek Brian , Platt Richard , Platt Robert W. , Seeger John , Shrank William , Smeeth Liam , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Tugwell Peter , Uyama Yoshiaki , Willke Richard , Winkelmayer Wolfgang , Zarin Deborah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies that generate real-world evidence on the effects of medical products through analysis of digital data collected in clinical practice provide key insights for regulators, payers, and other healthcare decision-makers. Ensuring reproducibility of such findings is fundamental to effective evidence-based decision-making. We reproduce results for 150 studies published in peer-reviewed journals using the same healthcare databases as original investigators and evaluate the completeness of reporting for 250. Original and reproduction effect sizes were positively correlated (Pearson’s correlation = 0.85), a strong relationship with some room for improvement. The median and interquartile range for the relative magnitude of effect (e.g., hazard ratiooriginal/hazard ratioreproduction) is 1.0 [0.9, 1.1], range [0.3, 2.1]. While the majority of results are closely reproduced, a subset are not. The latter can be explained by incomplete reporting and updated data. Greater methodological transparency aligned with new guidance may further improve reproducibility and validity assessment, thus facilitating evidence-based decision-making. Study registration number: EUPAS19636.
The role of somatosensory innervation of adipose tissues
Authors: Wang Yu , Leung Verina H. , Zhang Yunxiao , Nudell Victoria S. , Loud Meaghan , Servin-Vences M. Rocio , Yang Dong , Wang Kristina , Moya-Garzon Maria Dolores , Li Veronica L. , Long Jonathan Z. , Patapoutian Ardem , Ye Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdipose tissues communicate with the central nervous system to maintain whole-body energy homeostasis. The mainstream view is that circulating hormones secreted by the fat convey the metabolic state to the brain, which integrates peripheral information and regulates adipocyte function through noradrenergic sympathetic output1. Moreover, somatosensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia innervate adipose tissue2. However, the lack of genetic tools to selectively target these neurons has limited understanding of their physiological importance. Here we developed viral, genetic and imaging strategies to manipulate sensory nerves in an organ-specific manner in mice. This enabled us to visualize the entire axonal projection of dorsal root ganglia from the soma to subcutaneous adipocytes, establishing the anatomical underpinnings of adipose sensory innervation. Functionally, selective sensory ablation in adipose tissue enhanced the lipogenic and thermogenetic transcriptional programs, resulting in an enlarged fat pad, enrichment of beige adipocytes and elevated body temperature under thermoneutral conditions. The sensory-ablation-induced phenotypes required intact sympathetic function. We postulate that beige-fat-innervating sensory neurons modulate adipocyte function by acting as a brake on the sympathetic system. These results reveal an important role of the innervation by dorsal root ganglia of adipose tissues, and could enable future studies to examine the role of sensory innervation of disparate interoceptive systems.
A brainstem map for visceral sensations
Authors: Ran Chen , Boettcher Jack C. , Kaye Judith A. , Gallori Catherine E. , Liberles Stephen D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe nervous system uses various coding strategies to process sensory inputs. For example, the olfactory system uses large receptor repertoires and is wired to recognize diverse odours, whereas the visual system provides high acuity of object position, form and movement1–5. Compared to external sensory systems, principles that underlie sensory processing by the interoceptive nervous system remain poorly defined. Here we developed a two-photon calcium imaging preparation to understand internal organ representations in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a sensory gateway in the brainstem that receives vagal and other inputs from the body. Focusing on gut and upper airway stimuli, we observed that individual NTS neurons are tuned to detect signals from particular organs and are topographically organized on the basis of body position. Moreover, some mechanosensory and chemosensory inputs from the same organ converge centrally. Sensory inputs engage specific NTS domains with defined locations, each containing heterogeneous cell types. Spatial representations of different organs are further sharpened in the NTS beyond what is achieved by vagal axon sorting alone, as blockade of brainstem inhibition broadens neural tuning and disorganizes visceral representations. These findings reveal basic organizational features used by the brain to process interoceptive inputs.
A microbial supply chain for production of the anti-cancer drug vinblastine
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hansen Lea G. , Gudich Olga , Viehrig Konrad , Lassen Lærke M. M. , Schrübbers Lars , Adhikari Khem B. , Rubaszka Paulina , Carrasquer-Alvarez Elena , Chen Ling , D’Ambrosio Vasil , Lehka Beata , Haidar Ahmad K. , Nallapareddy Saranya , Giannakou Konstantina , Laloux Marcos , Arsovska Dushica , Jørgensen Marcus A. K. , Chan Leanne Jade G. , Kristensen Mette , Christensen Hanne B. , Sudarsan Suresh , Stander Emily A. , Baidoo Edward , Petzold Christopher J. , Wulff Tune , O’Connor Sarah E. , Courdavault Vincent , Jensen Michael K. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMonoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a diverse family of complex plant secondary metabolites with many medicinal properties, including the essential anti-cancer therapeutics vinblastine and vincristine1. As MIAs are difficult to chemically synthesize, the world’s supply chain for vinblastine relies on low-yielding extraction and purification of the precursors vindoline and catharanthine from the plantCatharanthus roseus, which is then followed by simple in vitro chemical coupling and reduction to form vinblastine at an industrial scale2,3. Here, we demonstrate the de novo microbial biosynthesis of vindoline and catharanthine using a highly engineered yeast, and in vitro chemical coupling to vinblastine. The study showcases a very long biosynthetic pathway refactored into a microbial cell factory, including 30 enzymatic steps beyond the yeast native metabolites geranyl pyrophosphate and tryptophan to catharanthine and vindoline. In total, 56 genetic edits were performed, including expression of 34 heterologous genes from plants, as well as deletions, knock-downs and overexpression of ten yeast genes to improve precursor supplies towards de novo production of catharanthine and vindoline, from which semisynthesis to vinblastine occurs. As the vinblastine pathway is one of the longest MIA biosynthetic pathways, this study positions yeast as a scalable platform to produce more than 3,000 natural MIAs and a virtually infinite number of new-to-nature analogues.
Kinetic proofreading through the multi-step activation of the ZAP70 kinase underlies early T cell ligand discrimination
Authors: Voisinne Guillaume , Locard-Paulet Marie , Froment Carine , Maturin Emilie , Menoita Marisa Goncalves , Girard Laura , Mellado Valentin , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Malissen Bernard , Gonzalez de Peredo Anne , Roncagalli Romain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractT cells recognize a few high-affinity antigens among a vast array of lower affinity antigens. According to the kinetic proofreading model, antigen discrimination properties could be explained by the gradual amplification of small differences in binding affinities as the signal is transduced downstream of the T cell receptor. Which early molecular events are affected by ligand affinity, and how, has not been fully resolved. Here, we used time-resolved high-throughput proteomic analyses to identify and quantify the phosphorylation events and protein–protein interactions encoding T cell ligand discrimination in antigen-experienced T cells. Although low-affinity ligands induced phosphorylation of the Cd3 chains of the T cell receptor and the interaction of Cd3 with the Zap70 kinase as strongly as high-affinity ligands, they failed to activate Zap70 to the same extent. As a result, formation of the signalosome of the Lat adaptor was severely impaired with low- compared with high-affinity ligands, whereas formation of the signalosome of the Cd6 receptor was affected only partially. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive map of molecular events associated with T cell ligand discrimination.