bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of mycobacterium tuberculosis induced SOCS3 and STAT3 and the implications on innate immunity in TB patients vs healthy contacts in high TB/HIV endemic setting: A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Lungu Patrick , Mushota Kabaso , Njelesani Evarist , Sukwa Thomas , Lakhi Shabir , Mwaba Peter 
Published: July 2022

Background
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) remains a disease of global health concern and a leading cause of mortality arising from an infectious agent. Protective immunity to TB remains unclear. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) and signal transduction and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) genes have shown potential to influence innate immunity. We, therefore, explored the expression of SOCS3 and STAT3 and their implications on the innate immunity in TB patients and their healthy close contacts.

Methods
We recruited 72 TB patients and 62 healthy contacts from a high TB and HIV endemic setting (Lusaka, Zambia). We used RT-PCRT and flow cytometry to quantify the expression of SOCS, STAT3 and cytokines respectively. Data was analysed Stata version 14.0 and figures were developed in GraphPad prism version 9.1.0 (221). Assessment for associations for categorical and continuous variables was analysed using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney test respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between SOCS3 and IL-6. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Healthy contacts markedly expressed SOCS3 in both unstimulated and stimulated whole blood in comparison to TB patients (p <0.0001). STAT3 was elevated in TB patients in TB patients in stimulated blood only. IL-6 (P = < 0.0001) and IL-10 (P = <0.0001), were significantly expressed in Healthy contacts in comparison to TB patients. TNF-α (p = 0.044) were markedly elevated in TB patients in comparison to healthy contacts. IL-6 and SOCS3 correlated significantly in healthy contacts only (r = 0.429, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Both SOCS3 and STAT3 are genes of importance in mounting protective innate immunity against TB. We propose that SOCS3 stimulation and inhibition of STAT3 as possible approaches in gene therapy and vaccine development for TB.
Lipobiotin-capture magnetic bead assay for isolation, enrichment and detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from saliva
Authors: Hansen Julia , Kolbe Katharina , König Inke R. , Scherließ Regina , Hellfritzsch Marie , Malm Sven , Müller-Loennies Sven , Zallet Julia , Hillemann Doris , Wiesmüller Karl-Heinz , Herzmann Christian , Brandenburg Julius , Reiling Norbert 
Published: July 2022

Background
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is diagnosed through sputum samples. As sputum sampling is challenging in children and cachexic patients, the development of diagnostic tests using saliva appears promising but has been discouraged due to low bacterial load and poor sensitivity. Here, we present a novel and rapid method to enrich Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from saliva, which may serve as a basis for a diagnostic saliva test.

Methods
Lipobiotin-functionalized magnetic beads (LMBs) were incubated with Mtb-spiked PBS and saliva from healthy donors as well as with saliva from TB patients. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the capacity of the beads to bind Mtb, while real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilized to detect Mtb and determine the amount of mycobacterial DNA in different sample types.

Results
We found that LMBs bind Mtb efficiently when compared to non-functionalized beads. The development of an qPCR assay based on the use of LMBs (LMB assay) allowed us to enrich mycobacterial DNA in spiked sample types, including PBS and saliva from healthy donors (enrichment of up to ~8.7 fold). In Mtb-spiked saliva samples, we found that the LMB assay improved the detection rate of 102 bacteria in a volume of 5 ml from 0 out of 15 (0%) to 6 out of 15 (40%). Consistent with that, the LMB assay increased the rate of correctly identified saliva samples from TB patients in two independent cohorts.

Conclusions
Implementation of the principle of the LMB-based assay may improve the sensitivity of existing diagnostic techniques, e.g. by functionalizing materials that facilitate Mtb sampling from the oral cavity.
Individual level peer interventions for gay and bisexual men who have sex with men between 2000 and 2020: A scoping review
Authors: Freestone Jack , Siefried Krista Joy , Prestage Garrett , Hammoud Mohamed , Molyneux Angus , Bourne Adam 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPeer-led interventions are central to the global HIV response for gay and bisexual men who have sex with men [GBMSM]. Since the year 2000, technological advancements in HIV and an increased response to the health disparities faced by GBMSM outside of HIV, have contributed to the expanding scope of their content and delivery. This review sets out to characterise the evidence base for individual level peer interventions for GBMSM, overview approaches to implementing and evaluating them and identify future priorities for their delivery and evaluation.MethodsA scoping review methodology was applied and evaluations of peer programs for GBMSM published in peer reviewed journals were identified via subject heading and keyword searches across five electronic databases. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, and full texts were assessed against eligibility criteria. A coding framework was used to extract data from included studies against intervention implementation and evaluation components.ResultsA total of 38 studies evaluating peer led interventions against effectiveness outcomes were deemed eligible for inclusion and coded into four intervention modalities; peer counselling [n = 6], groupwork programs [n = 15], peer navigation [n = 7] and peer education [n = 10]. Most addressed HIV [n = 32] and across intervention modalities, evaluations demonstrated compelling evidence of significant effect. Intervention effects on broader indicators of psychosocial wellbeing were not extensively evaluated. Expertise regarding the implementation and evaluation of peer interventions addressing HIV among GBMSM ought to be leveraged to expand the scope of peer intervention to meet the diverse health and wellbeing needs of GBMSM.
Steep rise in drug use-associated infective endocarditis in West Virginia: Characteristics and healthcare utilization
Authors: Bhandari Ruchi , Alexander Talia , Annie Frank H. , Kaleem Umar , Irfan Affan , Balla Sudarshan , Wiener R. Constance , Cook Chris , Nanjundappa Aravinda , Bates Mark , Thompson Ellen , Smith Gordon S. , Feinberg Judith , Fisher Melanie A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Life-threatening infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) are increasing simultaneously with the injection drug use epidemic in West Virginia (WV). We utilized a newly developed, statewide database to describe epidemiologic characteristics and healthcare utilization among patients with (DU-IE) and without (non-DU-IE) drug use-associated IE in WV over five years.

Materials and methods
This retrospective, observational study, incorporating manual review of electronic medical records, included all patients aged 18–90 years who had their first admission for IE in any of the four university-affiliated referral hospitals in WV during 2014–2018. IE was identified using ICD-10-CM codes and confirmed by chart review. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and healthcare utilization were compared between patients with DU-IE and non-DU-IE using Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with discharge against medical advice/in-hospital mortality vs. discharge alive as the outcome variable and drug use as the predictor variable.

Results
Overall 780 unique patients had confirmed first IE admission, with a six-fold increase during study period (p = .004). Most patients (70.9%) had used drugs before hospital admission, primarily by injection. Compared to patients with non-DU-IE, patients with DU-IE were significantly younger (median age: 33.9 vs. 64.1 years; p < .001); were hospitalized longer (median: 25.5 vs. 15 days; p < .001); had a higher proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates (42.7% vs. 29.9%; p < .001), psychiatric disorders (51.2% vs. 17.3%; p < .001), cardiac surgeries (42.9% vs. 26.6%; p < .001), and discharges against medical advice (19.9% vs. 1.4%; p < .001). Multivariable regression analysis showed drug use was an independent predictor of the combined outcome of discharge against medical advice/in-hospital mortality (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.67–5.64).

Discussion and conclusion
This multisite study reveals a 681% increase in IE admissions in WV over five years primarily attributable to injection drug use, underscoring the urgent need for both prevention efforts and specialized strategies to improve outcomes.
Predictors and Prognostic Implications of Myocardial Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Guney Murat Can , Keles Telat , Karaduman Bilge Duran , Ayhan Huseyin , Suygun Hakan , Kahyaoglu Muzaffer , Bozkurt Engin 
Published: July 2022

Myocardial injury (MI) is not unusual after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). To determine precipitating factors and prognostic outcomes of MI after TAVR, we retrospectively investigated relationships between MI after TAVR and aortic root dimensions, baseline patient characteristics, echocardiographic findings, and procedural features.
Of 474 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR for severe aortic stenosis in our tertiary center from June 2011 through June 2018, 188 (mean age, 77.7 ± 7.7 yr; 96 women [51%]) met the study inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into postprocedural MI (PMI) (n=74) and no-PMI (n=114) groups, in accordance with high-sensitivity troponin T levels.
We found that MI risk was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR]=1.054; 95% CI, 1.013–1.098; P=0.01), transcatheter heart valve type (OR=10.207; 95% CI, 2.861–36.463; P=0.001), distances from the aortic annulus to the right coronary artery ostium (OR=0.853; 95% CI, 0.731–0.995; P=0.04) and the left main coronary artery ostium (OR=0.747; 95% CI, 0.616–0.906; P=0.003), and baseline glomerular filtration rate (OR=0.985; 95% CI, 0.970–1.000; P=0.04). Moreover, the PMI group had a longer time to hospital discharge (P=0.001) and a higher permanent pacemaker implantation rate (P=0.04) than did the no-PMI group.
Our findings may enable better estimation of which patients are at higher risk of MI after TAVR and thus improve the planning and course of clinical care.
The Impacts of Professional Skills, Attitude, Time Management and Work Experience on Job Performance: The Case of Mongolia
Authors: Bayasgalan Tsogtsuren , Nomin Batkhuu 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to analyze the requirements for the impacts of professional skills, professional attitude, work experience on job performance in entrepreneurships. There are many scholars studied the relationship factors on performance management in the world, but there are lack of study our topic in Mongolian private sector such as entrepreneurships. Thus, we interested this topic in here. Performance management, job performance are involve the process of all activities which occurs between an employer and an employee as support of accomplishing value, mission, vision and main objectives in the organization. We collected from 146 employees who work in entrepreneur of Mongolia. The result of data determined through online in first quarter 2022. Our study from many others is we analyzed 4 hypotheses, one of them had a positive relationship with considered impacts. On the other hand, three hypotheses could not have positive relationship on considered impacts. Data was estimated by SPSS 21 and Smart PLS 2.0 statistic programs.
Study of Bellandur Lake Series and Mitigation of Further Damage
Authors: Verma Rinku , Venkatesh D. A. , Perodi Yusuf 
Published: July 2022

Bellandur and Varthur lakes are two large lakes located in the East of Bangalore urban district. Varthur lake in Bangalore receives water from 9 lakes; together with Varthur Lake they form the Varthur Lake Series. Bellandur lake is one of these 9 lakes and is one of the largest lakes in Bangalore. Bellandur Lake in turn receives water from 29+ lakes. During October-November 2017, 45 lake subseries of Varthur lake and Bellandur lake were visited, studied and recommendations were submitted to Karnataka Lake Conservation & Development Authority (KLCDA). The same is presented in this paper. In this study, the subseries of Varthur and Bellandur lakes are referred to as Varthur Bellandur Lake Series.
A note on large Kakeya sets
Authors: De Boeck Maarten , Van de Voorde Geertrui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A Kakeya set 𝓚 in an affine plane of order q is the point set covered by a set 𝓛 of q + 1 pairwise non-parallel lines. By Dover and Mellinger [6], Kakeya sets with size at least q
2 – 3q + 9 contain a large knot, i.e. a point of 𝓚 lying on many lines of 𝓛. We improve on this result by showing that Kakeya set of size at least ≈ q
2 – q
+
q contain a large knot, and we obtain a sharp result for planes containing a Baer subplane.
Default Behavior and Risk Aversion in Defined Contribution Retirement Systems: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Parada-Contzen Marcela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the design of investment policies in defined contribution retirement systems. I estimate a dynamic system of correlated equations of lifecycle behavior that fully models the individual’s decision-making process to account for estimation biases. In the model, individuals make decisions that impact their retirement wealth within the Chilean retirement system. Behaviors are allowed to depend on risk preferences while modeling other sources of nonlinear unobserved heterogeneity. The estimated decision-making process allows us to simulate the effects of policy experiments (ex ante), such as defaulting individuals into riskier investment strategies or increasing contribution rates. The results indicate that individuals react by opting into safer plans despite their observed inertia and that increases in mandatory contributions generate little crowding out of other behaviors. Not modeling risk aversion and its endogeneity with behavior leads to substantial simulation biases.
Two-sided problem for the random walk with bounded maximal increment
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We consider a random walk with zero drift and finite positive variance σ
2. For positive numbers y, z we find the limit as

n
→
∞

$n\rightarrow\infty$

of the probability that the first exit of the walk from interval

-
z
σ

n

,
y
σ

n

$\left(-z\sigma\sqrt{n}, y\sigma\sqrt{n}\right)$

occurs through its left end, while the maximum increment of the walk until the exit is smaller than

x
σ

n

$x\sigma\sqrt{n}$

, where x is a positive number. The limit theorem is established for the moment of the first exit of the walk from the indicated interval under the condition that this exit occurs through its left end and the value of the maximum walk increment is bounded.
Boolean analogues of the Pascal triangle with maximal possible number of ones
Authors: Malyshev Fedor M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to find the maximal possible number ξ of units in Boolean triangular array Ts
formed by

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac{s(s+1)}{2}
\end{array}$

elements of the field GF(2) defined by the top row of s elements. Each element of each row except the top one is the sum (as in the Pascal’s triangle) of two elements of the above row. It is proved that ξ ⩽ ⌈

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac{s(s+1)}{3}
\end{array}$

⌉ and this value is attained only on triangles having the upper row as the Fibonacci series mod 2.
Some families of closed classes in Pk
defined by additive formulas
Authors: Meshchaninov Dmitry G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We analyse closed classes in k-valued logics containing all linear functions modulo k. The classes are determined by divisors d of a number k and canonical formulas for functions. We construct the lattice of all such classes for k = p
2, where p is a prime, and construct fragments of the lattice for other composite k.
Gattungswesen
Authors: Khurana Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn which sense can human beings be conceived as social animals? To elucidate this question, the present paper (I) distinguishes the logical sociality of all living beings from the material sociality of social animals and the political sociality of self-conscious social animals. (II) The self-conscious political sociality that characterises the human genus-being requires a complex interplay of first and second person through which alone we can participate in our form of life and determine its content. (III) The human form of life thus constituted is characterised by a particularly open, and at the same time precarious, membership which involves specific forms of vulnerability and power. (IV) Against this background, forms of objective spirit are necessary which grant us a generalized recognition and relieve us from the contingency of each particular second-personal recognition, without abandoning the openness of the sociality of the human form of life. This double requirement has led to paradoxical institutions in modern society which strive to protect and ensure the sociality of the human form of life precisely by naturalising and individualising our access to it.
Esketamine–A quick-acting novel antidepressant without the disadvantages of ketamine
Authors: Shoib Sheikh , Kotra Madhulika , Javed Sana , Nguyen Vinh-Son , Malathesh Barikar C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Esketamine, which is an S-enantiomer of ketamine, is better than conventional antidepressants and even better than R-ketamine. This article discusses the mechanism of action of Esketamine, how different it is from other antidepressants, its side effect profile, indications for use, various routes of administration and the review of existing literature on Esketamine.
Particulate sampling in the IMS radionuclide network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Authors: Medici F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The radionuclide network of the IMS consists of 80 radionuclide stations monitoring radioactive airborne particulate. The air sampling systems at these stations require high technical standards regarding robustness, calibration and reliability. These systems are and will be deployed at locations where very different and often very harsh environmental conditions can dominate. An overview of sampling systems is given taking in consideration environmental and operational constraints. Because of lack of experience running radionuclide stations at the required standards, several issues are still open and need consideration for future installations and operation.
Technical methods employed for the On-Site Inspection
Authors: Takano M. , Krioutchenkov V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the paper, the technical methods to be used for the on-site inspection (OSI) are reviewed. The main purpose of the OSI is to find evidences of a nuclear explosion conducted anyplace in the world, however, the technical methods described in the paper might be employed for a suspected underground explosion. Various technical methods are described but they can be classified into two categories, namely, technical methods, 1) to identify fission products, and 2) to identify underground evidences. Fission products can be identified by conventional gamma spectrum analysis, however, for the OSI, radioactive Xe and Ar are important nuclides since they are supposed to leak to the ground surface even when the explosion is conducted in deep underground. The seismic and various other technical methods, which might be commonly used by mining industry, can identify the underground evidences, such as a cavity. However, these technical methods might be necessary to be verified to confirm the applicability and effectiveness to OSI objectives.
Nevanlinna theory for holomophic curves from annuli into semi-Abelian varieties
Authors: Quang Si Duc 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a lemma on logarithmic derivative for holomorphic curves from annuli into Kähler compact manifolds. As its application, a second main theorem for holomophic curves from annuli into semi-Abelian varieties intersecting with only one divisor is given.
Notes on affine Killing and two-Killing vector fields
Authors: Wang Wenjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the geometry of affine Killing and two-Killing vector fields on Riemannian manifolds. More specifically, a new characterization of an Euclidean space via the affine Killing vector fields are given. Some conditions for an affine Killing and two-Killing vector field to be a conformal (homothetic) or Killing one are provided.
Crystal structure of poly[μ2-aqua-aqua-(μ2-1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ2
N:N′)-(μ2-4,4′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dibenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-(μ4-4,4′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dibenzoato-κ5
O,O′:O″:O′″:O′″)dicobalt(II)] – water – dimethylformamide (1/1/1) C44H43N11O12Co2
Authors: Wang Qin , Gao Jia-Hao , Zhang Sheng-Rui , Gao Yan-Hong , Lu Jiu-Fu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
C44H43N11O12Co2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.7333(11) Å, b = 13.6796(11) Å, c = 16.751(2) Å, α = 113.982(2)°, β = 90.578(2)°, γ = 105.7310(10)°, V = 2142.7(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0460, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1015, T = 296(2) K.
Explaining ellipsis without identity*
Authors: Poppels Till 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEllipsis is a pervasive phenomenon across the world’s languages, and it is easy to see why: it allows speakers to omit certain parts of their utterances while nonetheless conveying their full meaning, which contributes to making linguistic communication highly efficient. While there is broad consensus that elliptical utterances depend on the context in some way, the nature of this dependency remains controversial. In this paper, I re-evaluate the merits of two classes of ellipsis theories: identity theories, which posit that material can be elided only if it is identical to a linguistic antecedent; and referential theories, which assume that ellipsis is enabled by the same underlying mechanism that governs other forms of discourse reference. I argue that both empirical and theoretical considerations favor referential theories in this comparison, and in doing so I outline new adequacy criteria for linguistic theories aimed at explaining the nature of the linguistic and non-linguistic context and how it interfaces with context-dependent linguistic devices.