bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution MRI to noninvasively characterize drainage around the carotid artery into the cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Keser Zafer , Smith Garrett , Cagil Emin , Tufan Fatih , Albayram Onder , Albayram Mehmet Sait 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposePrevious studies have proposed multiple parallel channels for waste clearance from the brain, though many gaps remain in our understanding of these systems. In this study, we examined periarterial fluid drainage around intracranial and extracranial segments of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) from the brain into the cervical lymph nodes using a noninvasive and clinical‐based method.MethodsEighty‐one subjects (45 females, aged 15‐80 years old) with nonlesioned epilepsy underwent high‐resolution 3‐dimensional T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI. We utilized a noninvasive and clinical‐based method with a manual semiautomated approach to characterize the periarterial lymphatic system's maximum thickness and signal intensities along the ICAs using high‐resolution 3‐dimensional FLAIR imaging. We conducted group comparisons and correlation analyses to investigate sex‐ and age‐based trends. Results were corrected with Bonferroni's test for multiple comparisons, and we performed power analysis for sample size calculations.ResultsUsing high‐resolution FLAIR images, we show evidence that fluid drainage emerges around the ICA petrous segment and joins lymphatic flow from cranial nerves in the upper neck, with this flow ultimately draining into the cervical lymph nodes bilaterally. Lymphatic signal at the petrous segment level was significantly thinner in females compared to males bilaterally (w = 413, p = .0001 on the right, w = 356, p < .0001 on the left). Lymphatic drainage around the petrous segments of the ICAs bilaterally was thicker with age in males but not in females.ConclusionsWe describe the in vivo high‐resolution imaging characteristics of periarterial fluid drainage along the vessel walls of ICAs. This represents a potentially major channel for brain waste clearance. We also report interesting sex‐ and age‐based trends in these structures within our cohort.
The impact of COVID‐19 and housing insecurity on lower‐income Black women
Authors: Versey H. Shellae , Russell Charity N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, multiple groups faced increased risks for negative health and mortality. Using an intersectional framework, the current study explores how the global pandemic impacted lower‐income women living in the United States through access to housing. Findings indicate several challenges remaining stably housed during the pandemic. Major themes included: (1) High‐Risk Survival Economies, (2) Landlord Stress, Deception, and Exclusion, (3) Landlord Harassment, (4) Low Levels of Formal and Informal Support, (5) Housing as a Health Risk Factor, and (6) Resilience. These themes are explored through four in‐depth narrative accounts. Implications for health and policy are discussed. Future research that examines and engages with both direct (e.g., material scarcity) and indirect (e.g., discrimination) pathways that connect housing to health are strongly encouraged.
Association of cortical thickness and cognition with schizophrenia treatment resistance
Authors: Fan Fengmei , Huang Junchao , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Li Yanli , Chen Song , Li Hui , Hare Stephanie , Du Xiaoming , Yang Fude , Tian Baopeng , Kochunov Peter , Tan Yunlong , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: October 2022

AimApproximately a third of patients with schizophrenia fail to adequately respond to antipsychotic medications, a condition known as treatment resistance (TR). We aimed to assess cognitive and cortical thickness deficits and their relationship to TR in schizophrenia.MethodWe recruited patients with schizophrenia (n = 127), including patients at treatment initiation (n = 45), treatment‐responsive patients (n = 40) and TR patients (n = 42), and healthy controls (n = 83). Clinical symptoms, neurocognitive function, and structural images were assessed. We performed group comparisons, and explored association of cortical thickness and cognition with TR.ResultsThe TR patients showed significantly more severe clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment relative to the treatment‐responsive group. Compared to healthy controls, 56 of 68 brain regions showed significantly reduced cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia. Reductions in five regions were significantly associated with TR (reduction in TR relative to treatment‐responsive patients), i.e. in the right caudal middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, pars opercularis of the inferior frontal cortex, and supramarginal cortex. Cognition deficits were also significantly correlated with cortical thickness in these five regions in patients with schizophrenia. Cortical thickness of the right caudal middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal cortex and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal cortex also significantly mediated effects of cognitive deficits on TR.ConclusionTreatment resistance in schizophrenia was associated with reduced thickness in the right caudal middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, pars opercularis of the inferior frontal cortex, and supramarginal cortex. Cortical abnormalities further mediate cognitive deficits known to be associated with TR.
Freeze dehydration vs. supercooling of mesophyll cells: Impact of cell wall, cellular and tissue traits on the extent of water displacement
Authors: Stegner Matthias , Flörl Alexander , Lindner Jasmin , Plangger Sandra , Schaefernolte Tanja , Strasser Anna‐Lena , Thoma Viktoria , Walde Janette , Neuner Gilbert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe extent of freeze dehydration of mesophyll cells in response to extracellular ice varies from supercooling to severe freezing cytorrhysis. The structural factors involved are poorly understood. In a comparison of mesophyll cells of 11 species, the factors “cell wall”, “cellular” and “tissue” traits were investigated. The extent of freeze dehydration was quantified as reduction in the sectional area during controlled freezing in the presence of ice. The cell wall thickness, cell size, cell area and the relative area of intercellular spaces were determined. The modulus of elasticity was determined by psychrometry. To grasp the relationships between factors and with freeze dehydration, we applied a principal component analysis. The first two components explain 84% of the variance in the dataset. The first principal component correlated negatively with the extent of freeze dehydration and relative area of intercellular spaces, and positively with the squared cell wall thickness to cell size ratio, elasticity and cell wall thickness. The cell size parameters determined the second principal component. Supercooling appeared preferable in cells with a high squared cell wall thickness to cell size ratio and a low relative area of intercellular spaces. Such factors are hypothesised to affect the magnitude of negative turgor pressure being built up below the turgor loss point. Negative turgor pressure slows dehydration by reducing the water potential gradient to the extracellular ice. With high levels of freeze dehydration, sufficient intercellular spaces for extracellular ice accommodation are needed. The low relative area of intercellular spaces increases cell‐to‐cell contact area and could support tissue stability.
Longitudinal effects of prenatal exposure to plastic‐derived chemicals and their metabolites on asthma and lung function from childhood into adulthood
Authors: Foong Rachel E. , Franklin Peter , Sanna Francesca , Hall Graham L. , Sly Peter D. , Thorstensen Eric B. , Doherty Dorota A. , Keelan Jeffrey A. , Hart Roger J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEnvironmental exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), chemicals used in the production of plastics, may increase risk for asthma and allergies. However, little is known about the long‐term effects of early life exposure to these compounds. We investigated if prenatal exposure to these compounds was associated with asthma, allergy and lung function outcomes from early childhood into adulthood in a cohort study.MethodsMaternal serum samples collected from 846 pregnant women in the Raine Study were assayed for BPA and phthalate metabolites. The children of these women were followed up at 5, 13 and 22 years where spirometry and respiratory questionnaires were conducted to determine asthma and allergy status. Lung function trajectories were derived from longitudinal spirometry measurements. Multinomial logistic regression and weighted quantile sum regression was used to test associations of individual and chemical mixtures with asthma phenotypes and lung function trajectories.ResultsEffects of prenatal BPA and phthalates on asthma phenotypes were seen in male offspring, where BPA was associated with increased risk for persistent asthma, while mono‐iso‐butyl phthalate and mono‐iso‐decyl phthalate was associated with increased risk for adult asthma. Prenatal BPA had no effect on lung function trajectories, but prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with improved lung function.ConclusionPrenatal BPA exposure was associated with increased likelihood of persistent asthma in males, while prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with increased likelihood of adult asthma in males. Results suggest that prenatal exposure to prenatal BPA and phthalates affect asthma risk, particularly in males, however lung function was not adversely affected.
Frictional Behaviors of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Components With Spiral-Groove Surface Textures Under Oil Lubrication
Authors: Xu Jimin , Liu Ning , Zhang Fang , Du Jun , Zheng Cheng , Gao Xin , Liu Kun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development in additive manufacturing technology, three-dimensional (3D) printing process has been extensively utilized for the prototype manufacturing of industrial components. It is becoming possible and fascinating to directly fabricate surface textures for tribological applications by 3D printing. In this study, a series of polylactic acid (PLA) components with spiral-groove surface textures for the application prospect in the field of mechanical seals were fabricated on a commercially available fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. The frictional behaviors of the printed components under oil lubrication were investigated on an end-face tribometer. The influence of spiral groove number, groove depth, and printing orientation on friction coefficients was discussed. The test results indicate that the frictional performance of linear-printed component with small groove depth is much better than that of homocentric-printed ones with large groove depth. The minimum average friction coefficient of linear-printed component is about 0.07 while the value is about 0.085 for the homocentric-printed ones. In final, a theoretical simulation based on the Reynolds lubricating regime was conducted to clarify the underlying mechanism of the experimental results, and the numerical results show that the hydrodynamic effect of the linear-printed components is more obvious due to the interaction between the linear printing clearances and the rotation of the counterpart.
Adolescents hospitalised for suicidality: biomarkers, social and affective predictors: a cohort study
Authors: Nugent Nicole R , Armey Michael , Boker Steven , Brick Leslie , Knopik Valerie , McGeary John E , Spirito Anthony , Mehl Matthias R 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe present research examines genomics and in vivo dynamics of family context and experienced affect following discharge from psychiatric hospitalisation for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a new model, description of model-guided integration of multiple methods, documentation of feasibility of recruitment and retention and a description of baseline sample characteristics.DesignThe research involved a longitudinal, multimethod observational investigation.SettingParticipants were recruited from an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. 194 participants ages 13–18 were recruited following hospitalisation for STB.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants underwent a battery of clinical interviews, self-report assessments and venipuncture. On discharge, participants were provided with a phone with (1) the electronically activated recorder (EAR), permitting acoustic capture later coded for social context, and (2) ecological momentary assessment, permitting assessment of in vivo experienced affect and STB. Participants agreed to follow-ups at 3 weeks and 6 months.ResultsA total of 71.1% of approached patients consented to participation. Participants reported diversity in gender identity (11.6% reported transgender or other gender identity) and sexual orientation (47.6% reported heterosexual or straight sexual orientation). Clinical interviews supported a range of diagnoses with the largest proportion of participants meeting criteria for major depressive disorder (76.9%). History of trauma/maltreatment was prevalent. Enrolment rates and participant characteristics were similar to other observational studies.ConclusionsThe research protocol characterises in vivo, real-world experienced affect and observed family context as associated with STB in adolescents during the high-risk weeks post discharge, merging multiple fields of study.
Reasons for referral and referral compliance among Congolese and Burundian refugees living in Tanzania: a community-based, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Enumah Zachary Obinna , Rafiq Mohamed Yunus , Manyama Frank , Ngude Hilary , Juma Omar , Sakran Joseph V , Stevens Kent 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesIn order to prevent overburdening of higher levels of care, national healthcare systems rely on processes of referral, including for refugee populations which number 26 million globally. The goal of this study is to use data from a population-based household survey to describe patterns of referral services among a population of Congolese and Burundian refugees living in Tanzania.DesignCross-sectional survey using cluster randomised sampling.SettingNyarugusu refugee camp, Kigoma, Tanzania.Participants153 refugees.Primary outcomeReferral compliance.Secondary outcomesProportion of referrals that were surgical; proportion of referrals requiring diagnostic imaging.ResultsOut of 153 individuals who had been told they needed a referral, 96 (62.7%) had gone to the referral hospital. Of the 57 who had not gone, 36 (63%) reported they were still waiting to go and had waited over a month. Of the participants who had been referred (n=96), almost half of the participants reported they were referred for a surgical problem (n=43, 45%) and the majority received radiological testing at an outside hospital (n=72, 75%). Congolese refugees more frequently had physically completed their referral compared with Burundians (Congolese: n=68, 76.4% vs Burundian: n=28, 43.8%, p<0.001). In terms of intracamp referral networks, most refugees reported being referred to the hospital or clinic by a community health worker (n=133, 86.9%).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first community-based study on patterns of referral healthcare among refugees in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings suggest patients were referred for surgical problems and for imaging, however not all referrals were completed in a timely fashion. Future research should attempt to build prospective referral registries that allow for better tracking of patients and examination of waiting times.
P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 as a red blood cell transfusion trigger and prognostic indicator for sepsis-related anaemia: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gu Wan-Jie , Kong Yu-Jia , Li Yun-Jie , Wang Chun-Mei 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRed blood cell (RBC) transfusion primarily aims to improve oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation. The transfusion strategy based on haemoglobin concentration could not accurately reflect cellular metabolism. The ratio of venous-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference to arterial-venous oxygen content difference (P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2) is a good indicator of cellular hypoxia. We aim to explore the influence of P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 as an RBC transfusion trigger on outcomes in septic shock patients.Methods and analysisThe study is a single-centre prospective cohort study. We consecutively enrol adult septic shock patients requiring RBC transfusion at intensive care unit (ICU) admission or during ICU stay. P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 will be recorded before and 1 hour after each transfusion. The primary outcome is ICU mortality. Binary logistic regression analyses will be performed to detect the independent association between P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 and ICU mortality. A cut-off value for P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 will be obtained by maximising the Youden index with the receiver operator characteristic curve. According to this cut-off value, patients included will be divided into two groups: one with the P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 >cut-off and the other with the P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ≤cut off. Differences in clinical outcomes between the two groups will be assessed after propensity matching.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (wyfy-2021-ky-059). Findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100051748.
Systematic review of copper intrauterine contraception continuation in young nulliparous women based on intrauterine device type
Authors: Akintomide Hannat , James Alison , Moffat Malcolm , Barnes Pam , Rankin Judith 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesNo copper intrauterine device (IUD) type is known to better suit young nulliparous women who tend to experience higher rates of IUD discontinuation compared with their older parous counterparts. A systematic review to determine which IUDs have higher continuation rates in young nulliparous women was undertaken.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses of available evidence based on IUD type.Data sourcesAMED, BNI, CINAHL, DARE, EMBASE, EMCARE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, TRIP, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched from inception to 11 May 2022; as well as the Bandolier, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines, WHO and Google Scholar websites.Eligibility criteriaAll studies on IUDs currently available in the UK or comparable (same design and size) to those available in the UK, involving nulliparous women of any age including those aged under 30.Data extraction and synthesisIndependently extracted data were assessed as low risk of bias using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Random effects meta-analyses of proportions were performed where data, including subgroups, were amenable to quantitative synthesis. Heterogeneity was reported using tau2 and I2 statistics, and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsNineteen studies involving 13 045 nulliparous women were included but the heterogeneity of participant ages, parity and IUD types made quantitative synthesis of outcome data in totality inappropriate. The highest continuation rate obtained was 91.02% (95% CI 88.01% to 93.64%) for the smaller TCu 380A at 12 months post insertion.ConclusionsEvidence for IUD use in young nulliparous women based on IUD type remains limited. Smaller sized IUD types appear better suited to this group of IUD users, however, more research is needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019120969.
Thematic analysis of illness narratives as an example of an approach to better understand the lived experience of women diagnosed with breast cancer in Spain
Authors: Mesa Freydell Natalia , Martínez Pérez Ana , Schneider Fontán José 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the lived experience of women diagnosed with breast cancer through the analysis of illness narratives, as an example of a narrative-based medicine approach.SettingSpain.ParticipantsNine narratives stemming from non-fiction books, and six from interviews through online platforms. All participants were cis women and their ages ranged between 34 and 60 years. The inclusion criteria were being a woman and having been diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer in Spain.ResultsThe main topics that appeared on the analysis were: secondary effects of treatment, breast loss and scars, breast reconstruction, long-term effect of treatment, positive attitude, illness as learning and use of language. Although the results of this research are preliminary, it can be said that societal expectations quickly became a burden for the patients. Moreover, there was no common behavioural pattern among the participants and how they chose to manage their cancer journey. Choosing whether or not to hide their baldness, go through reconstructive surgery or fulfil the ‘patient role’ were options they wanted to review based on their own priorities, and not because of external impositions. Even though the women agreed with the benefits of having a positive attitude, they also asked for space to feel rage and sadness, not to be compared with others and to be heard with no haste, as well as to be accompanied beyond the treatment, and for their long-term effects of medications to be validated. The importance of the type of comments and language used is emphasised.ConclusionA narrative-based medicine approach enables us to incorporate the patient experience into the understanding of breast cancer. We encourage clinicians to be aware of the concepts of normality held by women, and to welcome different choices and different ways to experience illness.