bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Account‐Holding Intensity in the EU Accountability Landscape: A Comprehensive Review of EU agencies' Institutional Accountability Relationships*
Authors: Leidorf‐Tidå Benjamin , de Boer Thijs 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel conceptualization of account‐holding intensity – defined as both the frequency and diligence of account‐holding – as an instrument for analysing the behaviour of account‐holders in the accountability landscape of EU agencies. We examine the account‐holding intensity of six major institutional EU account‐holders through a complementary mixed‐methods approach that combines quantitative survey data and qualitative interview data collected from directors and senior managers of EU agencies. Account‐holding intensity is measured through the survey data, with the interview data providing detailed insight into why some account‐holders are more/less active and/or diligent than others. The survey and interview data are furthermore triangulated with in‐depth interviews with account‐holders and unobtrusive indicators of account‐holding intensity. This amounts to a comprehensive empirical review of the EU agencies' institutional accountability relationships, which reveals how different account‐holders are driven by different institutional logics that are associated with different account‐holding intensities.
Clinical course of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Yen Fu‐Shun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Liu Jia‐Sin , Hsu Chih‐Cheng , Hwu Chii‐Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe global incidence of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing. This cohort study was conducted aiming to describe the characteristics, drug‐use condition, and long‐term outcomes of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsTwo thousand seven hundred fifty‐five newly diagnosed adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (using ICD‐9‐CM: 250.x and having ≥3 clinic visits) were identified from the national health insurance dataset during 2000–2014. Treatments were classified into four groups: metformin, sulfonylurea (SU), metformin plus SU, and insulin with or without oral antidiabetic drugs. The multiple Cox regression model was used to compare the risks of mortality and hospitalization among these four groups.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 5.4 years. After 1 year of antidiabetic treatment, they gradually needed intensified therapy, and at 3 years, half of them showed treatment failure. The mortality rate was 2.08 per 1,000 person‐years. Respiratory diseases (36.2%) and dysglycemia (16.4%) were the most common causes of hospitalization among these adolescents. Compared with persons taking metformin plus SU, metformin users were associated with a lower risk of all‐cause hospitalization [0.82 (0.67–0.99)]; insulin users were associated with a higher risk of dysglycemia [4.38 (2.14–8.96)], cancer [3.76 (1.39–10.1)], and respiratory hospitalization [1.66 (1.14–2.41)]; and SU users were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases [1.91 (1.13–3.23)].ConclusionsThis nationwide cohort study demonstrated that adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus were prone to treatment failure. Furthermore, respiratory diseases and dysglycemia were the most common causes of hospitalization.
Aspects of cognition that impact aging‐in‐place and long‐term care planning
Authors: Lindquist Lee A. , Miller‐Winder Amber P. , Schierer Allison , Murawski Alaine , Opsasnick Lauren , Curtis Laura M. , Kim Kwang‐Youn , Ramirez‐Zohfeld Vanessa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults frequently defer decisions about their aging‐in‐place/long‐term care (AIP‐LTC) needs. As a result, when older adults experience worsening Alzheimer's disease, family members/friends become surrogate decision makers. We sought to understand what aspects of cognition impact older adult AIP‐LTC planning.MethodsAs part of the PlanYourLifespan (PYL)‐LitCog study, we longitudinally examined AIP‐LTC decision‐making among a cohort (LitCog) of community‐based older adults (65 years and older) recruited from hospital‐associated primary care clinics in Chicago, Illinois, with extensive cognitive testing. PlanYourLifespan.org (PYL) is an evidence‐based online intervention that facilitates AIP‐LTC planning. Subjects underwent baseline testing, received the PYL online intervention, and then were surveyed at 1, 6, and 12 months about AIP‐LTC decision‐making. Cross‐sectional logistic regression analysis was conducted examining cognitive variables that impacted AIP‐LTC decision‐making.ResultsOf the 293 older adults interviewed (mean age 73.0 years, 40.4% non‐White), subjects were more likely to have made AIP‐LTC decisions if they had adequate inductive reasoning (ETS letter sets total—OR = 1.14 (95% CI = 1.03–1.27; p < 0.05)) and adequate working memory (size judgment span total—OR = 1.76 (95% CI = 1.13–2.73; p < 0.05)). There were no differences in decision‐making observed in verbal abilities, long‐term memory, or processing speed. All analyses were adjusted for participant gender, race, age, and decision‐making response at baseline.ConclusionInductive reasoning and working memory are critical to AIP‐LTC decision‐making. Screening routinely for these specific cognitive domains is important in targeting and helping older adults prepare in time for their future AIP‐LTC needs.
Oral isotretinoin versus acitretin in male patients with multiple recalcitrant common warts: A randomized, double‐blinded placebo‐control study
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Fawzy Mohamed M. , Eldeeb Fatma , Elhawary Esraa Elsayed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundManagement of multiple recalcitrant common warts represents a therapeutic challenge. Both oral isotretinoin and acitretin have shown a promising efficacy in the treatment of various types of warts. However, a comparative study of the two medicines in wart treatment has not yet been conducted.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of oral isotretinoin versus acitretin in the treatment of multiple recalcitrant common warts.MethodsThis study was conducted on 75 adult male patients with recalcitrant multiple common warts. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (30 patients) received oral isotretinoin, group 2 (30 patients) received acitretin, and group 3 received oral placebo (15 patients). The treatment was given daily until complete clearance or for a maximum of 3 months.ResultsComplete clearance of the treated lesions was observed in 18 patients (60%) of the isotretinoin group, in 22 patients (73.3%) of the acitretin group, and in 0 patients (0%) of the placebo group. A statistically significant difference was observed in the therapeutic response between the treatment groups, and the placebo group was observed. Adverse effects of the used drugs were mild and transient.ConclusionOral isotretinoin and acitretin are promising effective modalities with minimal side effects for the treatment male patients with multiple recalcitrant common warts with a relative superiority of acitretin.
Association between placenta accreta spectrum and third‐trimester serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, and soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Alzoubi Osama , Maaita Ward , Madain Zaid , Alzoubi Mohammad , Sweis Jaleel J. G. , Arar Ahmad R. , Sweis Nabil W. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimAntenatal suspicion of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) currently relies on ultrasonographic findings, color doppler, and MRI, which have rendered it operator and expertise‐dependent. No serum markers for PAS have been integrated into clinical practice yet. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to identify potential serum markers for PAS by investigating third‐trimester serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) among PAS‐cases and controls.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for relevant articles. Random‐effects model was applied to calculate the overall standardized mean difference (SMD) for each marker. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were performed to assess for potential covariates.ResultsEight studies involving 366 PAS‐cases and 518 controls were included. Third trimester sFlt‐1 levels were significantly lower in PAS‐cases when compared to controls (SMD = −7.76, 95%CI = −10.42 to −5.10). This was, to a certain extent, consistent among studies though they differed in their extent of significance. Levels of VEGF (SMD = 1.59, 95%CI = −0.07 to 3.25) and PlGF (SMD = −0.49, 95%CI = −1.66 to 0.67) were not significantly different between PAS cases and controls, in which studies demonstrated conflicting results.ConclusionsThird trimester sFlt‐1 levels may be useful to predict PAS. Nonetheless, further studies are recommended to better understand conflicting results before adopting either VEGF or PlGF.
“Micro‐cultures” of conflict: Couple‐level perspectives on reasons for and causes of intimate partner violence in young adulthood
Authors: Giordano Peggy C. , Grace Mackenzie M. , Longmore Monica A. , Manning Wendy D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo highlight the development of young adult couples' shared understandings about reasons for conflict in their relationships, views about why some disagreements included the use of aggression (“causes”), and gendered perspectives on these relationship dynamics.BackgroundFeminist theories have centered on relationship dynamics associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), but have focused primarily on men's concerns (e.g., jealousy) and use of violence as a means of control over female partners. The current analysis drew on symbolic interaction theory as a framework for exploring couple‐level concerns, and ways in which dyadic communication contributes to these understandings, or what can be considered “micro‐cultures” of conflict.MethodThe study relied on in‐depth interviews with a heterogeneous sample of IPV‐experienced young adults who had participated in a larger longitudinal study (Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study [TARS]) and separate interviews with their partners (n = 90).ResultsAnalyses revealed that women's concerns about men's actions (e.g., infidelity) were frequently cited as reasons for serious conflicts, and showed significant concordance in partners' reports. Shared understandings sometimes extended to views on the role of more distal causes (e.g., family background) and the meaning(s) of each partner's use of aggression. Gendered dynamics included men's tendency to minimize women's concerns, and both partners' more open discussions of women's perpetration.ConclusionsTheories of IPV and associated programmatic efforts should include attention to the social construction of these “micro‐cultures,” as these shared meanings affect behavior, are potentially malleable, and add to the more intuitive focus on one‐sided forces of control and constraint.
The impact of home rule on municipal boundary and fiscal expansion: Evidence from Texas
Authors: Zhang Pengju , Nguyen‐Hoang Phuong , Chen Na 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChanging boundaries is a major method for municipalities to accommodate growth, expand economic and tax base, and optimize resource allocation. This study leverages variation in the adoption of home rule charters in Texas to provide the first empirical examination of whether home rule adoption causes municipal boundary expansion. We employ fuzzy regression‐discontinuity and event‐study estimation methods on actual boundary data for causal inference and find that home rule cities expand their boundaries to significantly greater total area than general law cities in Texas. This finding is robust to the voluntary Boundary and Annexation Surveys data used widely by extant studies. We also find evidence that annexations allow home rule cities to fiscally expand, primarily by broadening tax bases.
Developmental changes in young people's evaluations of sexual harassment
Authors: Horn Stacey S. , Poteat V. Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing an accelerated longitudinal design, we investigated developmental changes in young peoples’ evaluations of sexual harassment (SH) and how young peoples’ own experiences with harassment, their perceptions of teacher intervention, as well as how gender and sexual orientation related to their judgments. This study documented significant changes in adolescents’ evaluations of peer‐based SH from grades 7 to 10. Overall, there was a significant decrease in the extent to which youth judged SH to be wrong as they progressed through school. Yet, there was also significant variability across youth in their initial judgments at grade 7 and the extent to which their judgments changed over time. Youth judged SH to be less wrong at occasions when they reported engaging in this behavior more frequently. Conversely, youth judged SH to be more wrong at occasions where they saw teachers intervene. In grade 7, girls, youth more frequently reporting seeing teachers intervene, and youth reporting less SH perpetration judged SH as more wrong than boys, those reporting less teacher intervention, and those reporting higher perpetration, respectively. Perceptions of teacher intervention attenuated the grade‐related declines in judgments of wrongness. The results of this study have important implications for research and policy related to SH among adolescents.
Synergistic and antagonistic ingredient interactions as a sugar reduction strategy in chocolate milk
Authors: Hopfer Helene , Riak Alden C. , Roberts Robert F. , Hayes John E. , Ziegler Gregory R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere we report synergistic and antagonistic mixture interactions between sucrose, vanillin, and cocoa powder as a potential added sugar reduction strategy in chocolate milk. Objectives of this project were to (i) model consumer perception of relevant sensory attributes as a function of sucrose, vanillin, and cocoa powder in chocolate milk, (ii) test for the presence of synergistic, additive, and antagonistic interactions via the isobole method, and (iii) determine consumer acceptance of these samples with both adults and children. In Study 1, adult chocolate milk consumers (n = 136) rated perceived intensities of sweetness, bitterness, chocolate flavor, and color for 22 chocolate milk formulations created according to an experimental design to systematically cover the multidimensional design space. Dose–response contour plots and regression modeling highlighted the large contributions of sucrose‐vanillin and sucrose‐cocoa interactions to ratings of sweetness, bitterness, and chocolate flavor. Indeed, three of the five tested mixture samples showed sweetness synergy and bitterness antagonism. In Study 2, overall acceptability of these five samples was evaluated by adults (n = 142) and children (n = 61) consumers of chocolate milk. Among the three chocolate milks that showed sweetness enhancement and bitterness suppression, one with moderate levels of sucrose (4.67% [w/w]) also received liking scores above neutral (>5 on a 9‐point hedonic scale), suggesting this formulation provides the greatest potential to decrease added sugar content while preserving consumer acceptability.Practical ApplicationsSucrose, vanillin, and cocoa powder act synergistically and antagonistically on perceived sweetness and bitterness in chocolate milk. Ingredient combinations could be optimized for lowering added sugar content while maintaining acceptability by adult and children consumers of chocolate milk.
Racial and ethnic disparities in oral healthcare quality among children enrolled in Medicaid and CHIP
Authors: Herndon Jill Boylston , Ojha Diptee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAddressing inequities in oral health care requires identification of which populations are experiencing performance gaps and the extent of those gaps. This study used Dental Quality Alliance (DQA) measures to examine variations in quality by race and ethnicity.MethodsWe used eligibility and claims data for 2018 for children aged <21 years for state Medicaid/CHIP programs available through the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System. For a subset of states with sufficient data quality, we calculated DQA measures of utilization of services, oral evaluation, and topical fluoride. The measures were stratified by race and ethnicity, age, sex, geographic location, and language. We used bivariate logistic regression to analyze relative disparities.ResultsVariations in measure scores were noted between racial and ethnic groups. Measure scores were typically lower for non‐Hispanic black and American Indian/Alaskan Native children and higher for non‐Hispanic Asian and Hispanic children compared with non‐Hispanic white children. There also was variation in the patterns of disparities between states. More than two‐thirds of states had insufficient race and ethnicity data (>10% missing) to reliably report stratified measure scores.ConclusionsBecause disparities vary by state, each Medicaid/CHIP program should evaluate variations in care quality in the context of the population it serves. A critical first step is to improve collection of race and ethnicity. These measurements can be used to set improvement goals that not only raise quality of care for the population overall but also close gaps in performance between racial and ethnic groups.
Community based participatory research approaches to combat oral health inequities among American Indian and Alaska Native populations
Authors: Camplain Carolyn , Kirby Christine , Barger Steven D. , Thomas Heather , Tutt Marissa , Elwell Kristan , Young Sara , Morrison Gerlinda , Hyeoma Stephanie , Baldwin Julie A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmerican Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities have experienced a history of systemic racism and still face significant oral health disparities. These disparities extend to the youngest community members in the form of early childhood caries (ECC). Although behavior and biology contribute to ECC, the conditions where people live, grow, and work, and the systems and political and economic forces that shape individual health outcomes, are thought to greatly impact ECC among AI/AN populations. To address ECC in AI/AN communities, we used a community based participatory approach that incorporated social determinants of health. We found that implementing culturally‐tailored, culturally‐centered, and AI/AN‐created materials for ECC interventions is viewed favorably by community members and tribal leaders. Because of the complexity of ECC in AI/AN communities we adopted a bundled approach of best practices to reduce ECC including: (1) incorporating locally, contextually, and culturally relevant strategies to present recommended ECC prevention approaches; (2) employing AI/AN community members as educators; (3) utilizing motivational interviewing with expectant mothers; and (4) providing fluoride varnish. Our work underscores the importance of developing trusting partnerships with each other and with our communities, drawing upon the insights of community advisory board members, and eliciting formative assessment data from tribal members to gain a more holistic understanding of our participants' lived experience to design relevant intervention materials. Incorporating local knowledge and situating Western oral health prevention approaches within culturally aligned frameworks can enhance partnerships and create sustainable materials for community work.
Patient‐reported outcomes and their relation with iron parameters in HFE haemochromatosis during maintenance therapy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Belhomme Nicolas , Morcet Jeff , Lescoat Alain , Robin François , Deugnier Yves , Bardou‐Jacquet Edouard , Lainé Fabrice 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsThe standard of care for haemochromatosis is regular phlebotomy in order to maintain low ferritin levels. Many patients report fatigue or joint pain despite serum ferritin within the therapeutic targets. We evaluated Patient‐Reported Outcomes, and their relation with iron parameters, in C282Y homozygous patients undergoing maintenance phlebotomy.MethodsPatients were prospectively enrolled in a French referral care centre. At each phlebotomy, patients completed a numeric fatigue scale, a joint pain questionnaire and SF‐36 Mental Component Score (MCS) and Physical Component Score (PCS). Haemoglobin, iron, TS and ferritin were collected concomitantly.ResultsAbout 701 visits were performed in 259 patients. The median fatigue score was 3/10; 171 (66%) patients reported joint pain. Age and worsening of joint pain were associated with fatigue (p < .0001 for both). Female gender (p < .037), age (p < .003), and a decrease of TS (p = .050) were associated with joint pain. Main features associated with PCS <50 were worsening of joint pain and age (p < .001 for both) and TS <20% (p < .02).ConclusionsFatigue was independent from iron parameters. The main factor impacting quality of life was joint pain, which was more severe in patients with low TS values. Then, a more precise monitoring of TS should be proposed during haemochromatosis maintenance therapy; while less stringent monitoring of serum ferritin levels could be tested.
Environmental policy instruments and ownership of firms
Authors: Bárcena‐Ruiz Juan Carlos , Garzón María Begoña 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe assume an economy comprising two countries, with one polluting firm located in each country and transboundary spillovers. Each government may implement an environmental tax or an emission standard to control pollutant emissions. Investors from each country own a percentage of the stock in their local firm and in the firm located abroad. We find that the ownership structure of firms that compete in international markets affects the design of environmental policies by governments. In equilibrium, governments implement emission standards if the stake held by domestic investors in the firm located abroad is small enough. When that stake is intermediate in size and transboundary spillovers are high enough, identical governments choose different environmental policies. Finally, when the stake is large enough both governments implement environmental taxes.