bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A key axis of the N-WASP signaling pathway promotes distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer: LOXL2-FAK-N-WASP
Authors: Kim Hyung Sun , Lee Yun Sun , Dong Seung Myung , Kim Hyo Jung , Lee Da Eun , Kang Hyeon Woong , Kim Myeong Jin , Park Joon Seong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies. A specific mechanism of its metastasis is not established. In our present study, we investigated whether Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) plays a role in distant metastasis of PDAC.MethodsPancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, AsPC-1, and BxPC-3 were used for in vitro and in vivo study. To evaluate the endogenous expression level of N-WASP, we purified the whole RNA and protein to perform the qPCR, RT-PCR and Western blot. And we confirmed the motility and invasiveness and the RNA-seq assays. By using of pancreatic cancer cell lines, orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer was established.ResultsWe found that N-WASP is markedly expressed in clinical patients with PDAC. Through the analysis of clinical patient samples, N-WASP positive group had a much more distant metastatic-pattern than N-WASP negative group. Moreover, it was turned out that N-WASP is a novel mediator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) via gene expression profile studies. In addition, knockdown of N-WASP in pancreatic cancer cells had significantly inhibited cell invasion, migration, and EMT. We also observed that the lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are positively associated with the N-WASP-mediated response, thereby modulating EMT and invadopodia. Both N-WASP and LOXL2 depletion significantly reduced the incidence of liver and lung metastatic lesions in orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer.ConclusionsThese results clarify a new role for N-WASP signaling associated with LOXL2 in EMT and invadopodia that regulates intercellular communication in tumor cells to promote pancreatic cancer metastasis. These findings may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer.
Sex difference on neurological outcomes and post-cardiac arrest care in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients treated with targeted temperature management
Authors: Park Seon Yeong , Oh Sang Hoon , Park Sang Hyun , Oh Jae Hun , Kim Soo Hyun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Conflicting results regarding sex-based differences in the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients have been reported. Furthermore, no study has examined whether differences in in-hospital interventions and courses are driven by sex. This study evaluated the effect of sex on the in-hospital course as well as the survival rates and long-term neurological outcomes of OHCA patients treated with targeted temperature management.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the Korean Hypothermia Network Prospective Registry composed of data collected from 22 hospitals in Korea between October 2015 and December 2018. To evaluate the effect of sex on patient outcomes, we created various multivariate logistic regression models. Regarding the difference in in-hospital courses, we compared daily total and SOFA sub-scores between the sexes and analyzed whether the decision regarding early cardiac interventions and limitations in in-hospital care were associated with sex.Results: The rate of good neurological outcomes after 6 months was higher in men (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.26 2.17). However, when the results were adjusted using resuscitation variables and in-hospital variables were added, there was no significant difference between the two sexes (OR =1.22, 95% CI: 0.85 – 1.74; OR = 1.13, 95 CI: 0.76 – 1.68, respectively). There was no association between sex and outcome in patients of reproductive age and no interaction between age and sex. Regarding the in-hospital course, the daily total SOFA score was similar in both sexes whereas cardiovascular scores were higher in women on 2 and 3 days (on day 2, p = 0.006; on day 3, p = 0.017). The adjusted effect of sex was not associated with the clinician’s decision to perform early cardiac interventions except that men had more extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (OR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.11-5.66). The decision to discontinue life-sustaining treatment was determined by poor prognostic factors, not by sex. Conclusions: The findings suggested that men had more favorable 6-month neurological outcomes. However, after adjusting for confounders, there was no difference between the sexes. The results regarding in-hospital course were similar in men and women.
Prevalence of substandard quality artemether-lumefantrine antimalarial agents in Uganda
Authors: Ocan Moses , Nakalembe Loyce , Otike Caroline , Nambatya Winnie , Omali Denis , Buzibye Allan , Nsobya Sam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Substandard antimalarial agents are a key challenge to effective malaria control and elimination efforts especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The quality of antimalarial agents in most low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) is affected by several factors including inadequate regulation and limited resources. In this study, we assessed the pharmacopeial quality of Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) in low and high malaria transmission settings in Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among randomly selected drug outlets (pharmacies/drug shops). The AL antimalarial agents available in drug outlets were purchased using overt method. The samples were screened for quality using visual inspection, weight uniformity and content assay tests. The assay test was done using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) following International and Unites States Pharmacopoeia (USP) method. The samples were considered substandard if the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) content was outside 90-110% range of the label claim. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as means with standard deviations, frequencies, and proportions. Correlation between medicine quality and independent variables was determined using fisher’s exact test of independence at 95% level of significance.Results: A total of 74 AL antimalarial samples were purchased from high (49/74; 66.2%) and low (25/74; 33.8%) malaria transmission settings. The most common batch of AL was LONART, 32.4% (24/74), with 33.8% (25/74) having a ‘Green leaf logo’. Overall, prevalence of substandard quality artemether-lumefantrine was 18.9% (14/74; 95%CI: 11.4-29.7). Substandard quality AL was significantly associated with setting (p=0.002). A total of 10 samples (13.5%) failed artemether content assay while, 4 samples (5.4%, 4/74) had substandard lumefantrine content. One sample from a high malaria transmission setting failed both Artemether and Lumefantrine assay test. Of the samples that failed artemether assay test, majority, 90% had low (<90%) artemether content. Conclusion: Substandard quality AL, the recommended first-line antimalarial agent in treatment of uncomplicated malaria is common especially in high malaria transmission settings. There is need for regular surveillance and monitoring of the quality of artemisinin based antimalarial agents across the country.
Serum high mobility group box-1 levels associated with cardiovascular events after lower extremity revascularization: a prospective study of a diabetic population
Authors: Rando Maria Margherita , Biscetti Federico , Cecchini Andrea Leonardo , Nardella Elisabetta , Nicolazzi Maria Anna , Angelini Flavia , Iezzi Roberto , Eraso Luis H , Dimuzio Paul J , Pitocco Dario , Gasbarrini Antonio , Massetti Massimo , Flex Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the most disabling cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is indeed associated with a high risk of cardiovascular and limb adverse events. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is a nuclear protein involved in the inflammatory response that acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine when released into the extracellular space. HMBG-1 is associated with PAD in diabetic patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum HMGB-1 levels and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) after lower-extremity endovascular revascularization (LER) in a group of diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).Methods: we conducted a prospective observational study of 201 diabetic patients with PAD and CLTI requiring LER. Baseline serum HMGB-1 levels were determined before endovascular procedure. Data on cardiovascular and limb outcomes were collected in a 12-month follow-up. Results: During the follow-up period, 81 cases of MACE and 93 cases of MALE occurred. Patients who subsequently developed MACE and MALE had higher serum HMGB-1 levels. Specifically, 7.5 ng/mL vs 4.9 ng/mL (p < 0.01) for MACE and 7.2 ng/mL vs 4.8 ng/mL (p < 0.01) for MALE. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the association between serum HMGB-1 levels and cardiovascular outcomes remained significant in multivariate analysis. In our receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, serum HMGB-1 levels were a good predictor of MACE incidence (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78) and MALE incidence (AUC = 0.75).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that serum HMGB-1 levels are associated with the incidence of MACE and MALE after LER in diabetic populations with PAD and CLTI.
Spike generation governed by the stochasticion adsorption-desorption process
Authors: Tamagawa Hirohisa , Ikeda Kota , Delalande Bernard , Mulembo Titus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is a deep conviction that the generation of the action potentialis one of the most fundamental biological activities. According to themembrane theory, active ion transport and its flow variations across theplasma membrane are responsible for generating the action potential.However, in contrast to the living model, an in vitro model based on theadsorption-desorption process of ions could equally well explain the gen-eration of the action potential. The authors constructed such a modeland mathematically related it using the stochastic differential equation(SDE). This SDE model is consistent with the kinetics of the reactionand explains the generation of the action potential. Therefore, it is phys-iologically important to re-examine the mechanism of action potentialgeneration from the perspective of the ion adsorption-desorption model.
Is pulmonary hypertension a risk factor for severe bronchiolitis?
Authors: Rossi Maria Lucia , Escobar-Diaz Maria Clara , Hadley Stephanie Marie , Randanne Paula Cecilia , Sanchez-de-Toledo Joan , Jordán Iolanda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and ObjectivesPulmonary hypertension has been reported as a crucial factor in the pathophysiology of severe bronchiolitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and cardiac function in patients with bronchiolitis and to analyze their correlation with clinical outcomes. MethodsThis prospective cohort study examined children admitted for bronchiolitis. PAP was assessed by right ventricle (RV) acceleration/ejection time ratio (AT/ET), isovolumic relaxation time, eccentricity index and the presence of a pulmonary systolic notch. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was defined if at least two altered parameters were present. Severity of clinical course was established by cardiac dysfunction, higher N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) values, the need for positive pressure respiratory support (PPRS) and the duration of hospital admission.Results169 children were included in analysis. Median age was 2 months. 68 patients (40%) required PPRS and showed increased NT-proBNP values and worse RV systolic function compared to mild cases (p=0.007 and p<0.001, respectively).Twenty-three (13.5%) cases had at least two altered parameters of PAP and met criteria for PH, with no difference in NT-proBNP values, cardiac function, need for PPRS or hospital length of stay with normal PAP group (p=1, p=0.18, p=0.56 and p= 0.67, respectively). We found no correlation between altered RV AT/ET and worse cardiac function, NT-proBNP values or hospital length of stay.Conclusions In our cohort, the presence of PH was not a determinant of worse clinical outcomes. Patients with severe bronchiolitis had higher values ​​of NT-proBNP and worse RV systolic function but, interestingly, no clear association with PH.
Association between Triglyceride-glucose index and carotid artery plaque in young and middle-aged occupational population
Authors: Pan Jia , Yang Bo , Wang Zihang , Tang Lei , Jia Peng , Yang Shujuan , Zeng Honglian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:China has the world’s highest rail transportation density, and the health of railway workers, therefore, deserves public attention. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a surrogate indicator of insulin resistance. However, there are limited studies on the association between the TyG index and carotid artery plaque (CAP) in railway workers.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among southwest China railway workers. 3,169 workers were divided into four groups according to TyG index quartiles. The CAP was assessed by carotid doppler ultrasound. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to estimate the association between TyG index and CAP, and subgroup analysis was performed by age, blood pressure, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), smoking, drinking, and physical activity.Results:Compared with participants in the lowest quartile, those with high TyG index quartiles were more likely to have a higher prevalence of CAP, with 11.63%, 14.11%, 20.20% and 18.56% from quartile 1st[Q1] to quartile 4th[Q4]. When the TyG index was treated as a continuous variable, the multi-adjusted logistic regression models showed that the TyG index was positively associated with the risk of CAP (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08,1.47). With increasing TyG index tertiles, TyG index as a categorical variable, the risk of CAP increased substantially with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.24 (0.92,1.69) for Q2, 1.78 (1.32,2.41) for Q3, 1.56 (1.14,2.15) for Q4 compared with the lowest quartile of TyG index.Conclusion:The TyG index, especially in high quartiles, was associated with CAP in the railway workers. Monitoring the TyG index was a good risk management strategy of CAP.
A Fractal ARIMA and Fractal IGARCH model of the RMB Exchange Rate
Authors: hongqiangzhao  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Classical economics uses normal distribution as the basic assumption of economicresearch. With the improvement of econometric methods, it is found that the assumption of normaldistribution is not correct in economics. First, we tested RMB exchange rate’s fractal characters.Then, w e consider GARCH, f ractal ARIMA ARFIMA and f ractal IGARCH FIGARCH modelof RMB exchange rate to correct this normal distribution fault . Last, we find that thoseuntraditional model s is useful and favorable in RMB exchange rate analysis.
Cyclophosphamide combined with methylprednisolone ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through immunomodulatory mechanisms
Authors: Xu Qingjie , Chen Yan , Tang Ming , Zhang Manka , Liu Yin , Li Zhouping , Ma Runlin , Xue Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is a distressing lung disorder with poor prognosis and high mortality rates.Immune factors are currently recognized as pathogenic agents throughout the onset of IPF.In clinical studies,the combination of methylprednisolone (MP) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) has great benefits for patients with IPF,but the immune mechanism of improving IPF is not clear. Results The lung inflammation and fibrosis model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM).Pulmonary fibrosis was observed in rats on day 7 after BLM injection. With prolonged fibrosis,we can see that the expression of neutrophils and T lymphocytes was out of control.Our data suggests that immune disorders run through the whole process of pulmonary fibrosis both in the early stage(day 14)and in the advanced stage(day 28).The inflammation and immune disorders were better than before after intervention with medication. Conclusions The combination of MP and CTX can alleviate IPF by reducing inflammation,and improving T cell immunity.So CTX combined with MP can modulate immune disorders,which may be an effective anti-fibrosis drug in the treatment of clinical IPF patients.But we should pay attention to dosage and use course of the treatment,in order to prevent the occurrence of toxic side effects.
Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life amongst Indigenous Australians: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Keramat Syed Afroz , Perales Francisco , Alam Khorshed , Monasi Nahid , Ali Mohammad Afshar , Sathi Nusrat Jahan , Haque Rezwanul , Hashmi Rubayyat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The burden of multimorbidity has been observed worldwide, and it has significant consequences on health outcomes. In Australia, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is comparatively low amongst Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders. Yet no studies have examined the association between multimorbidity and HRQoL within this at-risk population. This is the aim of the present study.
Methods
Longitudinal data were derived from three waves (9, 13 and 17) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. A total of 1,007 person-year observations from 592 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders aged 15 years and above were included. HRQoL was captured using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and multimorbidity was defined as having two or more chronic health conditions. A random effects tobit model was used to assess the associations between multimorbidity and HRQoL.
Results
Approximately 21% of Indigenous Australians were classified as experiencing multimorbidity. Respondents with multimorbidity reported lower scores than their counterparts without multimorbidity on the SF-36 sub-scales, summary measures and health utility index. Multimorbidity had pronounced adverse effects on overall HRQoL, including on the SF-36 physical component scale (β = −3.232; 95% CI: −4.734 to − 1.730), mental component scale (β = −5.625; 95% CI: −7.435 to − 3.815) and short-form six-dimension scale (β = −0.061; 95% CI: −0.082 to − 0.041).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that having two or more chronic diseases is significantly associated with lower HRQoL amongst Indigenous Australians. Advanced health strategies addressing foreseeable challenges imposed on multimorbid adults should be implemented to improve the HRQoL of Indigenous Australians.
Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery (PTES) and OLIF with Self-lock Cage through mini-incision for Surgical Treatment of L5 Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Zhou Tianyao , Zhang Yingkai , Ma Tianle , Che Wu , Zhang Liang , Wang Yichao , Gu Yutong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We designed Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery (PTES) technique and OLIF with self-lock cage through mini-incision for the treatment of L5 spondylolisthesis. The purpose of study is to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of this method.Methods: Thirteen cases of L5 spondylolisthesis with nerve root symptoms were included in this study. PTES under local anesthesia, and then OLIF with self-lock cage and allograft under general anesthesia was performed. Back and leg pain were preoperatively and postoperatively evaluated using VAS, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated with ODI before surgery and at 2-year follow-up. Anterior and posterior intervertebral space height, lumbar lordotic angle, and operative segmental lordotic angle were measured on lumbar spine X-rays preoperatively and postoperatively. The fusion status was assessed according to the Bridwell’s fusion grades.Results: The VAS significantly dropped after surgery and the ODI decreased from 64.7±7.8% to 12.9±4.3% 2 years after surgery (p<0.001). Anterior and posterior intervertebral space height, and operative segmental lordotic angle significantly improved after surgery (p<0.05). Fusion grades based on the Bridwell grading system at 2-year follow-up were grade I in 9 segments (69.2%), grade II in 4 segments (30.8%). No patients had any form of permanent iatrogenic nerve damage and a major complication. No failure of instruments was observed.Conclusion: PTES and OLIF with self-lock cage is a good choice of minimally invasive surgery for L5 spondylolisthesis, which can get direct neurologic decompression and satisfying fusion, and hardly destroy the rectus abdominis and its sheath, paraspinal muscles and bone structures.
Optimal emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) control across the United States
Authors: Hudgins Emma , Hanson Jeffrey , MacQuarrie Chris , Yemshanov Denys , Baker Christopher , Chades iadine , Holden Matthew , McDonald-Madden Eve , Bennett Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) causes damages to street trees estimated at US$ 900 million in the next 30 years. Although millions of dollars are spent annually to control this species, such approaches are often based on rules-of-thumb. Here, we reveal an optimal management strategy to protect urban trees in North America from A. planipennis. To achieve this, we embedded a pest dispersal model within a mixed integer programming framework. We discovered that optimized strategies consistently outperformed those based on rules-of-thumb, potentially resulting in the protection of an additional one million street trees and savings of $585 million. Critically, the best management strategies always relied on quarantines and biological control (constituting 74-89% and 11-26% of the project budget, respectively), in contrast with current practices, which have abandoned quarantines. Our findings serve to inform future pest control efforts, and can potentially protect many more trees from this invasive species.
The prophylactic role of tamsulosin in preventing of postoperative urinary retention in rectal cancer patients
Authors: Abtahi Setareh , Ahmadi-Amoli Hadi , Abedi-kichi Raziyeh , Rahimpour Ehsan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We designed a prospective study to evaluate the efficiency of tamsulosin, a selective alpha adrenergic antagonist, on development of postoperative urinary retention.
Methods
A total of 100 rectal cancer patients who underwent elective surgery in Department of Surgery of Tehran university Hospital, were included in this study. Patients were classified into one of two groups. In control group, the patients were not received tamsulosin. Patients in tamsulosin group were prescribed 0.4 mg of tamsulosin orally, 14 hours and 2 hours before surgery and postoperatively until patient is discharged orally.
Results
47 patients were included in control group and 53 in tamsulosin group. Although the incidence of postoperative urinary retention was lower in the tamsulosin group than other (11.32% vs 17.02%), but no significant difference was found (p = 0.24).
Conclusions
This prospective study showed that tamsulosin at 0.4 mg/day does not prevent postoperative urinary retention in rectal cancer patients.