bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La2FSeTaO4: lanthanum fluoride selenide oxotantalate or lanthanum fluoride oxoselenotantalate?
Authors: Buyer Constantin , Grossholz Hagen , Schleid Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Following up the recently reported example La3F2Se2TaO4, colorless needle-shaped single crystals of the new compound La2FSeTaO4 were obtained as an unexpected by-product from solid-state reactions between lanthanum metal, lanthanum trifluoride, lanthanum sesquioxide and selenium in a sodium-chloride flux designed to yield lanthanum oxide fluoride selenides. Silica-jacketed tantalum capsules served as reaction containers at 850 °C, but an undesired activation of the metal tubes led to the formation of a new oxotantalate. La2FSeTaO4 crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Pnma with the lattice parameters a = 1146.51(6), b = 395.16(2) and c = 1281.32(7) pm for Z = 4. The crystallographically unique Ta5+ cations are surrounded by five oxygen atoms as square pyramids [TaO5]5–, which share trans-oriented vertices (d(Ta–O4) = 202 pm, 2×) to form straight

∞
1

Ta

O
1
,
2
,
3

3
/
1

t

O
4

2
/
2

v

3
−

${}_{\infty }^{1}\left\{{\left[\text{Ta}{\left.\text{O}1,2,3\right.}_{3/1}^{t}{\left.\text{O}4\right.}_{2/2}^{v}\right]}^{3-}\right\}$

chains propagating along [010] with isotactically aligned tips (d(Ta–O1) = 183 pm). Embedded into a matrix of lanthanum fluoride selenide according to

∞
3

La
2

FSe

3
+

${}_{\infty }^{3}\left\{{\left[{\text{La}}_{2}\text{FSe}\right]}^{3+}\right\}$

(d(La–F) = 236–244 pm, d(La–Se) = 312–318 pm), which consists of two different La3+ cations as well as singular F− and Se2− anions, via La–O contacts (d(La–O) = 247–274 pm), the coordination number of the La3+ cation towards the anions F−, O2− and Se2–amounts to nine with tricapped trigonal prisms or capped square antiprisms as coordination polyhedra models. The tantalum cation has a distant contact with a Se2− anion (d(Ta⋯Se) = 317 pm), not efficiently counting to its first coordination sphere, but completing it to a quasi-octahedron.
THE LAW OF DELICT AND PUNITIVE DAMAGES
Authors: J Neethling  
Published: February 2022

In two recent case-law dicta, one of the Constitutional Court, it was made perfectly clear that there is no room in the South African law of delict for awarding punitive damages. In Dikoko v Mokhatla (2006 6 SA 235 (CC) 263) Mokgoro J expressed it as follows:“Equity in determining a damages award for defamation is ... an important consideration in the context of the purpose of a damages award, aptly expressed in Lynch [1929 TPD 974 at 978] as solace to a plaintiff's wounded feelings and not to penalise or deter people from doing what the defendant has done. Even if a compensatory award may have a deterrent effect, its purpose is not to punish. Clearly, punishment and deterrence are functions of the criminal law. Not the law of delict ... In our law a damages award thereforedoes not serve to punish for the act of defamation. It principally aims to serve as compensation for damage caused by the defamation, vindicating the victim's dignity, reputation and integrity. Alternatively, it serves to console.” A similar approach is also apparent from Seymour v Minister of Safety and Security (2006 5 SA 495 (W) 500), where Willis J stated unequivocally that it “is trite that the primary function of awards for damages under the actio injuriarum is to compensate the victim for his or her injuriae, and is not exemplary”.It is, however, debatable whether this view accurately reflects the position in positive law, or, if it does, whether the de lege ferenda approach in our law should not be different. Under South African law there is consensus that the actio legis Aquiliae, in terms of which patrimonial damages may be claimed, and the action for pain and suffering aimed at non-patrimonial damages for bodily injuries, have purely compensatory functions - punitive damages are thus completely out of the question. But not so in the case of the actio iniuriarum which is traditionally directed at solatium (solace money) or (personal) satisfaction (sentimental damages) for an iniuria – that is, the wrongful and intentional infringement of an interest of personality.
THE MOMENT OF DEATH: LAW, SOCIETY AND SCIENCE
Authors: Andra le Roux-Kemp  
Published: February 2022

To determine the moment of death is very important for various purposes in medico-legal practice. The moment of death may not only assist and be regarded as valuable evidentiary material in criminal investigations but it is also important in the context of organ transplantation, questions regarding euthanasia, insurance claims, the termination of a marriage or business partnership as well as in the legal domain of succession. A diagnosis of death is furthermore important and necessary for society to commence with religious and/or traditional rituals, burials etcetera. In order to determine the exact moment of death, however, is not an easy task, least of all a very simple and straightforward undertaking as Prof Christiaan Barnard suggested by asserting that a person is dead when the doctor says that the person is dead! To determine the exact moment of death, a definition of death is required as well as a standard to diagnose death – diagnostic criteria. This note will show that what initially may be regarded as general medical and legal requirements as well as basic semantics when referring to a definition of death, a concept of death and the criteria for the purposes of diagnosing death, is actually a very complicated, multifaceted and unsettled area of debate. The focus of this note will be on the moment of death in the broader context of medico-legal practice and with specific reference to the amendments made by the National Health Act 61 of 2003 in this regard. Owing to the vast scope of the topic, the note will highlight the main debates regarding the moment of death, the definition for death and criteria for determining death. The basic principles and comments on recent developments in this particular area of medical law will also be discussed.
Intravenous immunoglobulin: A potential treatment for the post-acute sequelae of SARS-Cov-2 infection?
Authors: Reznik Sandra , Tiwari Amit , Ashby Charles 
Published: February 2022

Following the recovery from an initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, a recent meta-analysis of almost 1 million patients worldwide suggested that an estimated 43% of patients had experienced a variety of sequelae [1]. Furthermore, numerous studies indicate that patients can develop somatic, musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, dermatologic, renal, hepatic and gastrointestinal manifestations that are heterogeneous and vary in intensity and duration (for up to 12 months) [2,3]. The CDC has defined this phenomenon as “long-term symptoms that might be experienced weeks to months after primary infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 [4]” and proposed designations for this syndrome have included long covid, long chronic covid syndrome, chronic covid, post-COVID-19 syndrome, post-acute covid-19 syndrome and long – haulers [5]. On Feb. 23, 2021, Dr. Francis Collins indicated that the persistent symptoms that occur in patients after recovery from the initial infection could be designated, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), which we will use in this article. Currently, there is no clear or agreed upon definition or diagnostic criteria for PASC. PASC is most likely a post-infectious illness similar to that reported by patients that had long - term sequelae that persisted for up to 14 months after infection with SARS-CoV-1 or the Middle Eastern respiratory SARS virus (MERS) [6].
Read more in PDF: https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/6901/2437
Value foundations of experiencing stress and adaptation of students: Cross-cultural study
Authors: Koltunov E. I. , Gryazeva-Dobshinskaya V. G. , Dmitrieva Ya. A. , Markina N. V. , Zhi J. , Naboichenko E. S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Present work is dedicated to an urgent problem that has emerged as a result of a global trend – an increase in the number of young people moving to other countries in search for a higher education, which often leads to stress during the process of cultural adaptation.In the current research, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of the normative and individual values of students from China and Russia, studying at the Russian university. The relevance of the research is based on the existing need for distinguishing psychological resources that could be helpful in the process of cultural adaptation and experiencing stress during the contact with the new cultural environment. Value foundations are considered as one of such potential resources, capable of affecting process of experiencing stress and adaptation.Theaimof the present article was to conduct a cross-cultural analysis of the normative and individual values of students from China, who experience stress and adapt to stressful situations in a new culture, and students from Russia studying with them.Methodology and research methods.The research uses a comparative analysis of values of different cultures and a complex analysis of value foundations in the context of experiencing stress and adaptation to stressful situations among migrant students.Resultsandscientifinovelty.In the course of the research, it was found out that values corresponding to the cultural specifi of the native countries of the students (China and Russia) are statistically more pronounced among students with a low level of stress. Among students with a high level of stress, values, which are not that part of the normative of their native culture, are more pronounced. Hedonistic values hamper the process of cultural adaptation both for Russian and Chinese students. A comprehensive study of the relationship between adaptation to stressful situations and stress experience revealed the groups of students with a cross-cultural specifiof the value foundations for experiencing stress. The data obtained both correlate with the existing studies of changes in values of students from China and Russia, and provide a basis for further research in the direction of studying stress and adaptation among students from both countries.Practical significance.The research results can be used in the analysis of stress exposure among students from Russia and China and the subsequent development of adaptational strategies. The discovered specificities of cultural value foundations could be employed to form potential resources of preadaptation to stressful situations among student youth.
Satisfaction with remote teaching in Thai higher education
Authors: Fuchs K. , Karrila S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Emergency remote teaching (ERT) is meant to be a temporary shift from the normal modes of contact teaching. Such transition was imposed during the global pandemic in the spring of 2020, and higher education was required to shift entire curricula online in an attempt to curb the spread of the virus while maintaining continuity of its services. The disruptive overnight change and conversion of entire courses to ERT caused concerns, not only to the educators but also to the students who had little time to adapt to the new circumstances.Aim. The aim of the study was to examine student perceptions with regard to remote teaching during the global pandemic COVID-19. Moreover, the study aimed to identify attributes, which students deem as the most important during emergency remote teaching.Methodology and research methods. This mixed-method case study expands earlier research addressing those concerns, and adds to the body of knowledge by investigating how ERT is currently – during the second year of the pandemic – perceived by undergraduate students in Northeastern Thailand. Responses from a self-administered survey were collected and analysed (n = 363). Based on descriptive analysis, it was decided to conduct 12 unstructured interviews to investigate particular findings more thoroughly. An importance-performance rating matrix was used to determine the perceived satisfaction by the undergraduate students.Results and scientific novelty. The study identified that the students largely view ERT as inferior compared to traditional classroom teaching. Students claimed both lack of social interactions with peers and inability to seek academic support as the primary reasons. This study informs educators about student perceptions and preferences during these extraordinary circumstances of uncertain duration.Practical significance. The current research presents the recommendations that aim to provide institutions and educators with practical guidance on how to tackle the outlined issues.
A comparative study of intrathecal morphine v/s nalbuphine along with bupivacaine in laparoscopic gynaecological procedures
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Goyal Vigya , Sachdev Sudhir , Jethava Durga , Jethava Dharamdas 
Published: February 2022

: To compare the pain score of intrathecal morphine v/s nalbuphine along with bupivacaine in laparoscopic gynaecological procedures under general anaesthesia.: A prospective, comparative, randomized, double blinded, hospital based study was conducted among patients undergoing elective laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. After explaining the study to the selected patients, they were randomized into two groups of 30 each with the use of sealed envelope method i.e. group M (100 µg morphine + 2 ml bupivacaine) and group N (400 µg Nalbuphine + 2 ml bupivacaine). The primary objective of our study was to compare the pain intensity which was done by visual analogue scale (VAS). Any side-effects in the form of post-operative hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and pruritus were recorded and included as secondary objectives. With the help of SPSS version 24, difference between the continuous and categorical variables was analysed using t and chi square test respectively.: There was no significant difference among both groups with respect to motor blockade score. Mean VAS after extubation and 3 hour was comparable among both the groups, but at 6, 12 and 24 hour, it was comparatively more in group N as compared to group M, though statistically insignificant. Pruritus was revealed in 10% and 0% of the subjects among group M and N respectively. : Our results conclude that the analgesic efficacy of nalbuphine is comparable to morphine, but nalbuphine provides a better safety profile than morphine especially related to pruritus.
Comparing intrathecal 1% 2-chloroprocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for patients undergoing saddle block in daycare surgeries with respect to recovery and home readiness: A prospective double blind randomised study
Authors: Gowda Vansuma S R , Krishna K  , Shivakumar G  , Archana BN  , Somsundar R G  
Published: February 2022

Preservative free 2-chloroprocaine seems to be a better alternative to lidocaine and bupivacaine for day care procedures, because of its short duration of action. This study was designed to compare 2-chlorprocaine with low dose bupivacaine for saddle block in elective perineal surgeries on day care basis in terms of recovery and home readiness. To compare 1% 2- chloroprocaine with 0.5% bupivacaine with respect to time taken to obtain discharge criteria from post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) to post-operative ward, from hospital to home and time taken for ambulation and micturition. This is a prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel group clinical study, conducted on ASA class I and II patients undergoing elective perineal surgeries on daycare basis in MIMS teaching hospital, Mandya. After obtaining approval from institutional ethical committee, a total of 100 patients were enrolled in this study. Saddle anaesthesia was achieved with 7.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (Group B, n = 49) or 1% 2- chloroprocaine 40 mg (Group C, n = 50). After completion of surgery, patients were monitored in PACU and postoperative ward using modified Aldrete’s score and PADSS. After discharging, patients were contacted at 24 hours and followed up for 7 days via telephone to assess potential complications of saddle block. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and independent t-test were used to compare the variables. P value of &#60;0.05 is considered statistically significant. Mean time required to attain discharge eligibility from hospital in Group B was 296.24 min and Group C was 213.3 min with a difference of 83 mins (P &#60; 0.001). Mean duration of time spent in PACU in Group B was 105.18 min and Group C was 27.22 min (P &#60; 0.001). Time to unassisted ambulation and micturition was also significantly lower in Group C. None of the patient in both study groups required additional analgesia in the intraoperative period. However, 26% patients in Group C experienced more pain in the post-operative period compared to Group B (4%) (P = 0.04). Chloroprocaine provides satisfactory anaesthesia with advantage of faster regression of block, early ambulation and micturition, and thus early discharge from the hospital.
Study of the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic parameters and extubation quality in patients undergoing ENT surgery under general anaesthesia
Authors: Kumar Anjali , Lele Smita 
Published: February 2022

In ENT surgeries most of the cases are done under general anaesthesia and should be extubated smoothly. If a patient is lightly anesthetised, tracheal and laryngeal irritation can stimulate reflex responses during extubation like bucking, gagging, breath holding, laryngospasm, pulmonary oedema. Alpha 2-Adrenergic agonists are used for their sympatholytic, sedative, anaesthetic sparing and haemodynamic stabilizing properties. We aimed to study the extubation quality and hemodynamic parameters of dexmedetomidine undergoing ENT surgeries under general anaesthesia.This observational study included 100 patients undergoing ENT surgery under general anaesthesia, between 18 to 60yrs. Patients were divided into group P (n=50) and group PD (n=50). A standard general anaesthesia technique according to the Ent operation theatre protocol were followed for all patients. For maintenance group P received inj.Propofol 4mg/kg/hr and group PD received inj. Propofol 4mg/kg/hr and inj. Dexmedetomidine infusion 0.5ug/kg/hr as a standard protocol. Respective infusions were stopped at the start of skin closure. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded at the time of extubation and at 1,3,5. minutes till 30 minutes after extubation. Quality of extubation was evaluated using 5-point rating scale (extubation quality score) at extubation.The mean heart rate in the group P was 92/min while in the group PD was 75/min. The mean systolic blood pressure in the group P was 116mmhg while in the group PD was 108mmhg. The mean diastolic blood pressure in the group P was 85mmhg and 67mmhg in group PD (P&#60;0.001). 11 patients of group p got extubation quality score of 2 while 41 cases of group PD got a score of 2(P&#60;0.001).InjDexmedetomidine provides stable hemodynamic parameters during extubation and provides better extubation quality score.
A comparative study of intranasal dexmedetomidine and intranasal midazolam for premedication - A prospective randomized double-blind study in children posted for tonsillectomy
Authors: Nagarajan Girimurugan , Sekar Pavithira , Srinivasan Navaneetha Krishnan , Kumar Prem , Kumar Harish 
Published: February 2022

Preanesthetic medication in paediatric patients is well known to be a challenge for anaesthesiologists. Premedication in paediatric population helps to produce a relaxed state with reduced anxiety and increased compliance as well as to ease separation from parent and allowing the patient to tolerate and co-operate with the necessary procedure. Our aim is to do a comparation of dexmedetomidine and midazolam given via intranasal route in children posted for tonsillectomy as premedication.This study was conducted in 100 patients of 6 to 12 years posted for tonsillectomy. Patients were randomly allocated into Group M and D. Patient in group M (50) received 0.2mg/kg of midazolam administered intranasally as nasal drop using 1ml insulin syringe and similarly group D (50) received 1µg/kg of dexmedetomidine administered intranasally as nasal drops using 1ml insulin syringe. Sedation score, Anxiolysis score, mask induction score, post-operative agitation score was assessed.Satisfactory sedation was achieved by 86% and 68% of patient in dexmedetomidine and midazolam respectively p (0.03). Satisfactory mask induction was achieved by 84% and 70% of patient in dexmedetomidine and midazolam respectively p (0.09). In terms of post op agitation score there is no difference in both the group p (0.30). During the time between administration of pre op drugs and initiation of anaesthesia, no patient seems to develop hypotension, hypoxia or any other life-threatening complicationIn our study we concluded that in terms of decreasing anxiety at parental separation both dexmedetomidine and midazolam were found to be equally effective. However, Intranasal dexmedetomidine produced superior sedation scores at separation and induction compared to oral midazolam in paediatric patients.
Evaluation of postoperative analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant with ropivacaine in ultrasound guided adductor canal block in patients undergoing unilateral Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Kumar Abhijit , Chattopadhyay Animesh , Parashar Preeti , Kohli Amit , Teckchandani Chhavi , Gupta Lalit 
Published: February 2022

The aim of anaesthesia in Total knee replacement (TKR) is to provide adequate analgesia and early ambulation. The recent success of adductor canal block in providing post-operative analgesia and achieving early ambulation has evoked interest in studying the effects of local anaesthetic agents and various adjuvants.This study was a randomized three arm parallel group comparative study conducted in a tertiary care center in India on 135 patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement under spinal anaesthesia. After completion of the surgery, the adductor canal block was performed with ultrasound guidance at mid-thigh level in all three groups. In group A, 20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine was only used but in group B and C Dexmedetomidine was added to ropivacaine (total volume of 20 ml; 0.375%) at a dose of 0.25 µg/kg and 0.50 µg/kg respectively. The primary outcome of the study was to compare duration of analgesia after the adductor canal block. Duration to rescue analgesia (in hours) was significantly longer [Group A: 15.71±4.87; Group B: 16.44±6.21; Group C: 19.78±5.57 (p=0.014)] and total opioid (24 hours tramadol needed in mg) consumption [Group A: 60.00±13.94; Group B: 52.22±18.80; Group C: 33.33±13.95 (p=0.033)] was significantly lower in Group C. NRS scores both at movement and rest were significantly lesser in Group C at 18 and 24 hours timepoints. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in Group C with 46.67% patient reporting better than expected peri-operative experience (p=0.022).The addition of dexmedetomidine, 0.5 µg/kg to 0.375% ropivacaine in adductor canal block results in longer duration of analgesia, less 24 hours opioid consumption, better motor strength and better patient satisfaction without any adverse effect after unilateral total knee replacement surgery.