bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bipartite version of the Erdős–McKay conjecture
Authors: Long Eoin , Ploscaru Laurenţiu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An old conjecture of Erdős and McKay states that if all homogeneous sets in an

$n$

-vertex graph are of order

$O(\!\log n)$

then the graph contains induced subgraphs of each size from

$\{0,1,\ldots, \Omega \big(n^2\big)\}$

. We prove a bipartite analogue of the conjecture: if all balanced homogeneous sets in an

$n \times n$

bipartite graph are of order

$O(\!\log n)$

, then the graph contains induced subgraphs of each size from

$\{0,1,\ldots, \Omega \big(n^2\big)\}$

.
Facilitators and barriers of physical activity participation in children with a single ventricle physiology: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Leo Donato Giuseppe , Lane Deirdre A. , Riley Marlene , Lotto Attilio A. , Lotto Robyn R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground:The present study focuses on assessing the physical activity level of children with Fontan circulation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and identifying potential barriers and facilitators toward their participation in physical activity.Patients and methods:Seven children aged 5–16 years (mean (SD) 8.8 (3.7) years) with a Fontan procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, their parents (n = 7), and siblings (n = 1) were recruited. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach: (i) children wore an activity monitor for 7 days to record physical activity, with sedentary time and level of activity calculated from accelerometer data; (ii) children completed a bespoke questionnaire recording limitations in physical activity; (iii) parents completed a semi-structured interview discussing perceptions about their child’s physical activity participation. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results:Activity monitors data recorded highly active children with a mean (SD) of 153(36) minutes/day spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Time spent in sedentary behaviour was also high (57.5% of total accelerometer wearing-time). Four key themes relating to parental perceptions of physical activity were identified: (i) A new lease of life –post-Fontan; (ii) Setting limits – managing limitations; (iii) The wider world – how others set limits; and (iv) “I fear the future” – parental concerns.Conclusion:Following completion of the Fontan circulation, children engaged in higher levels of physical activity in comparison to the national average. However, more than half their time was spent in sedentary behaviour. Fears and anxiety from parents and teachers may act as a barrier toward physical activity participation.
Feasibility of low-intensity psychological interventions for emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people with genetic conditions: a case series
Authors: Ching Brian C.F. , Bennett Sophie D. , Rojas Natalia , Heyman Isobel , Liang Holan , Catanzano Matteo , Coughtrey Anna E. , Ashraf Tazeen , Jones Wendy D. , Male Alison , Shafran Roz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Children with genetic conditions may experience significant mental health difficulties such as anxiety and challenging behaviour. However, understanding of the feasibility and effectiveness of psychological interventions for emotional and behavioural problems in the context of genetic conditions is limited. Low-intensity psychological interventions have demonstrated promise in paediatric populations and may be able to address their mental health difficulties. A case series design was used to assess the feasibility of low-intensity interventions for emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people with genetic conditions recruited from a mental health drop-in centre at a tertiary hospital. Participants received seven weekly sessions with a trained practitioner. The intervention was based on existing modular treatments and evidence-based self-help materials. Feasibility and treatment satisfaction were assessed, as well as measures of symptoms of anxiety and challenging behaviour, treatment goals and quality of life, at baseline, during treatment and 6-month follow-up. Five participants received treatment for challenging behaviour, one for anxiety, and one for obsessive compulsive disorder. All participants completed treatment. Clinically significant change in the SDQ Total score was found in three participants. All participants demonstrated progress in goals and symptoms of emotional and behavioural difficulties over the course of treatment. Low-intensity psychological interventions for emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people with genetic conditions is feasible, acceptable and potentially beneficial. Further research is warranted to examine the effectiveness of the intervention and its use in clinical paediatric settings.

Key learning aims

(1)
To gain a basic understanding of low-intensity psychological intervention in children and young people with genetic conditions.

(2)
To enhance understanding of the practicalities and acceptability of delivering low-intensity psychological intervention to children and young people with genetic conditions and co-morbid emotional and behavioural difficulties.

(3)
To learn about the potential clinical benefits of delivering low-intensity psychological intervention to children and young people with genetic conditions in the context of stepped care.
The association between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use in adulthood in a large multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study
Authors: de Waal M. M. , Lok A. , van Zuiden M. , Galenkamp H. , Goudriaan A. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
There is evidence that child maltreatment is associated with problematic alcohol use later in life. However, previous epidemiological studies that have examined the link between child maltreatment and adult problematic alcohol use have not considered ethnic differences. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between child maltreatment and adult problematic alcohol use among six ethnic groups in the Netherlands, in a large, urban sample.

Methods
This study used baseline data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study: a large-scale, multi-ethnic prospective cohort study conducted in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Child maltreatment, current problematic alcohol use and several potential confounders (e.g. parental alcohol use) were assessed in participants (N = 23 356) of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin. With logistic regression analyses, we examined effect modification by ethnicity on the association between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use. Furthermore, we explored effect modification by ethnicity for specific types of child maltreatment, namely: physical, sexual and psychological abuse and emotional neglect.

Results
Effect modification by ethnicity was present. Stronger associations between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use were found in all ethnic minority groups compared to the Dutch reference group. Particularly strong associations between all four types of child maltreatment and alcohol use problems were found for the Moroccan origin group.

Conclusions
This study adds to a growing body of evidence that child maltreatment is associated with problematic alcohol use in adulthood. In addition, our findings indicate that ethnicity impacts this relationship. Although problematic alcohol use was more prevalent in the Dutch origin group, associations with child maltreatment were stronger in ethnic minority groups. Future studies on child maltreatment and alcohol use problems should also examine ethnic disparities and should further unravel how these disparities can be explained.
Onset of Convection in Rotating Spherical Shells: Variations With Radius Ratio
Authors: Barik A. , Triana S. A. , Calkins M. , Stanley S. , Aurnou J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConvection in rotating spherical layers of fluid is ubiquitous in spherical astrophysical objects like planets and stars. A complete understanding of the magnetohydrodynamics requires understanding of the linear problem—when convection onsets in these systems. This is a fluid dynamics problem that has been studied since the early 1900s. Theoretical scaling laws exist for the variation of critical quantities—the Rayleigh number Rac, the azimuthal wavenumber mc, and the angular drift frequency ωc—with respect to the Ekman number E. However, their variation with the radius ratio χ of the spherical shell is still poorly studied. To address this, we use an open source eigenvalue code Kore to compute these critical quantities over an extensive range of parameters spanning four decades in Ekman number and a dense grid of radius ratio from very thick to very thin shells, focusing on no‐slip and fixed temperature boundary conditions. We find that these variations are explained well by the theoretical scaling laws, especially at low E, but variations in radius ratio also exist. We obtain scaling laws of boundary layer thicknesses and spatial extent of onset modes with respect to the Ekman number which differ only slightly from theoretical scalings. We show that our data set can be used to obtain good estimates of critical quantities in the moderate E range, where the vast majority of current geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics simulations are performed, yet where asymptotic theory is only moderately accurate. We further verify asymptotic predictions and determine best‐fit asymptotic model coefficients.
A New Instrument for Balloon‐Borne In Situ Aerosol Size Distribution Measurements, the Continuation of a 50 Year Record of Stratospheric Aerosols Measurements
Authors: Kalnajs Lars E. , Deshler Terry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProfiles of stratospheric aerosol size distributions have been measured using balloon‐borne in situ optical particle counters, from Laramie, Wyoming (41°N) since 1971. In 2019, this measurement record transitioned to the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) in Boulder, Colorado (40°N). The new LASP Optical Particle Counter (LOPC), the fourth generation of instruments used for this record, is smaller and lighter (2 kg) than prior instruments, measures aerosols with diameters ≥0.3–30 μm in up to 450 size bins, with a flow rate of 20 L min−1. The improved size resolution enables the complete measurement of size distributions, and calculation of aerosol extinction without fitting a priori distribution shapes. The higher flow provides the sensitivity required to measure super‐micron particles in the stratosphere. The LOPC has been validated against prior Wyoming OPCs, through joint flights, laboratory comparisons, and statistical comparisons with the Wyoming record. The agreement between instruments is generally within the measurement uncertainty of ±10%–20% in sizing and ±10% in concentration, and within ±40% for calculated aerosol moments. The record is being continued with balloon soundings every 2 months from Colorado, coordinated with measurements of aerosol extinction from the SAGE III instrument on the International Space Station. Comparisons of aerosol extinction from the remote and in situ platforms have shown good agreement in the stratosphere, particularly for wavelengths <755 nm and altitudes <25 km. For extinction wavelengths ≥1,021 nm and altitudes above 25 km SAGE III/International Space Station extinction has a low bias relative to the in situ measurements, yet still within the ±40% uncertainty.
Lifting and Transport of Martian Dust by the Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Downwash as Observed by High‐Speed Imaging From the Perseverance Rover
Authors: Lemmon M. T. , Lorenz R. D. , Rabinovitch J. , Newman C. E. , Williams N. R. , Sullivan R. , Golombek M. P. , Bell J. F. , Maki J. N. , Vicente‐Retortillo A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMartian atmospheric dust is a major driver of weather, with feedback between atmospheric dust distribution, circulation changes from radiative heating and cooling driven by this dust, and winds that mobilize surface dust and distribute it in the atmosphere. Wind‐driven mobilization of surface dust is a poorly understood process due to significant uncertainty about minimum wind stress and whether the saltation of sand particles is required. This study utilizes video of six Ingenuity helicopter flights to measure dust lifting during helicopter ascents, traverses, and descents. Dust mobilization persisted on takeoff until the helicopter exceeded 3 m altitude, with dust advecting at 4–6 m/s. During landing, dust mobilization initiated at 2.3–3.6 m altitude. Extensive dust mobilization occurred during traverses at 5.1–5.7 m altitude. Dust mobilization threshold friction velocity of rotor‐induced winds during landing is modeled at 0.4–0.6 m/s (factor of two uncertainty in this estimate), with higher winds required when the helicopter was over undisturbed terrain. Modeling dust mobilization from >5 m cruising altitude indicates mobilization by 0.3 m/s winds, suggesting nonsaltation mechanisms such as mobilization and destruction of dust aggregates. No dependence on background winds was seen for the initiation of dust lifting but one case of takeoff in 7 m/s winds created a track of darkened terrain downwind of the helicopter, which may have been a saltation cluster. When the helicopter was cruising at 5–6 m altitude, recirculation was seen in the dust clouds.
Hydrology of a Semiarid Loess‐Paleosol Sequence, and Implications for Buried Soil Connection to the Modern Climate, Plant‐Available Moisture, and Loess Tableland Persistence
Authors: McDowell T. M. , Mason J. A. , Vo T. , Marin‐Spiotta E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoil hydrology provides important background for understanding the fate of organic carbon (OC) buried by geomorphic processes as well as the influence of runoff, infiltration, and plant root uptake on long‐term erosion and landscape evolution. We modeled the hydrology of a 4.5‐m loess‐paleosol sequence on an eroding tableland in the U.S. central Great Plains using Hydrus 1D, a numerical unsaturated flow model, parameterized with high resolution measurements of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves, which were distinct for the loess and paleosols. We hypothesized that (a) the connection of paleosols to modern climate depends on their burial depth, (b) paleosols in the root zone would have broader pore‐size distributions than unweathered loess, and (c) this broader pore‐size distribution increased root water uptake and made vegetation more resilient to drought, increasing the stability of loess tablelands despite high erodibility and high local relief. Four years with varying total annual precipitation were simulated for the observed profile and two hypothetical profiles, one without paleosols and another with a shallow, strongly developed paleosol. In these simulations, soil moisture in shallow paleosols responds quickly to precipitation while a deeply buried paleosol is largely disconnected from the modern climate, contributing to buried OC preservation. Contrary to our expectation, the presence of paleosols did not increase root uptake relative to unweathered loess in either wet or dry years. The unweathered coarse loess we studied may have an optimal pore‐size distribution for root uptake, providing an alternative hypothesis for why highly erodible loess tablelands persist.
Credit Where Credit Is Due: Data and Software in the Space Weather Community
Authors: Morley S. K. , Liu H. , Carter B. A. , Gannon J. L. , Lugaz N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis editorial aims to improve awareness of the current best practices in open research, and stimulate discussion on the practical implementation of AGU's data and software policy in key areas of space weather research. We also further aim to encourage authors to take additional steps to ensure clear credit to all contributors to the work, whether that is underlying data, key software, or direct contributions to the manuscript.
The association of maternal fat-soluble antioxidants in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lyu Yanyu , Wang Guiyun , Sun Zhenfeng , Cui Xiaodai , Xiu Qingyong , Wu Lijun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Oxidative stress is linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal antioxidant vitamins in early pregnancy may play a role in GDM occurrence. We aimed to investigate the associations of vitamins A and E in early pregnancy with the risk of GDM and to explore whether these antioxidant vitamins can be biomarkers for the early prediction of GDM.

Methods
We carried out a prospective cohort study conducted in Beijing and enrolled pregnant women (n = 667) with vitamins A and E measurements at 9 weeks (IQR 8–10) of gestation and having one-step GDM screened with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation.

Results
The vitamin A levels in early pregnancy were significantly higher in women with GDM than in those without GDM (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose. In multivariate models, vitamin A levels were significantly associated with GDM (OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14–1.88; p = 0.0032) per SD. A significant trend of risk effect on GDM risk across quartiles of vitamin A was observed (ptrend = 0.016). No significant association of serum vitamin E with GDM was observed overall. However, a noted trend of protective effect on GDM risk across quartiles of vitamin E/cholesterol ratio was observed (ptrend = 0.043). In ROC analysis, the multivariate model consisting of vitamin A and other risk factors showed the best predictive performance (AUC: 0.760; 95% CI: 0.705–0.815; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Higher levels of vitamin A in early pregnancy were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. Vitamin A has the potential to be a biomarker indicating pathogenesis of GDM.
Glioblastoma glycolytic signature predicts unfavorable prognosis, immunological heterogeneity, and ENO1 promotes microglia M2 polarization and cancer cell malignancy
Authors: Liang Xisong , Wang Zeyu , Dai Ziyu , Zhang Hao , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng , Liu Zaoqu , Liu Zhixiong , Yang Kui , Cheng Quan , Zhang Mingyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlioblastomas are the most malignant brain tumors, whose progress was promoted by aberrate aerobic glycolysis. The immune environment was highly engaged in glioblastoma formation, while its interaction with aerobic glycolysis remained unclear. Herein, we build a 7-gene Glycolytic Score (GS) by Elastic Net in the training set and two independent validating sets. The GS predicted malignant features and poor survival with good performances. Immune functional analyses and Cibersort calculation identified depressed T cells, B cells, natural killer cells immunity, and high immunosuppressive cell infiltration in the high-GS group. Also, high expressions of the immune-escape genes were discovered. Subsequently, the single-cell analyses validated the glycolysis-related immunosuppression. The functional results manifested the high-GS neoplastic cells’ association with T cells, NK cells, and macrophage function regulation. The intercellular cross-talk showed strong associations between high-GS neoplastic cells and M2 macrophages/microglia in several immunological pathways. We finally confirmed that ENO1, the key gene of the GS, promoted M2 microglia polarization and glioblastoma cell malignant behaviors via immunofluorescence, clone formation, CCK8, and transwell rescue experiments. These results indicated the interactions between cancerous glycolysis and immunosuppression and glycolysis’ role in promoting glioblastoma progression. Conclusively, we built a robust model and discovered strong interaction between GS and immune, shedding light on prognosis management improvement and therapeutic strategies development for glioblastoma patients.
COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan
Authors: Liang Hong , Nian Xuanxuan , Wu Junzheng , Liu Dong , Feng Lu , Lu Jia , Peng Yan , Zhou Zhijun , Deng Tao , Liu Jing , Ji Deming , Qiu Ran , Lin Lianzhen , Zeng Yan , Xia Fei , Hu Yong , Li Taojing , Duan Kai , Li Xinguo , Wang Zejun , Zhang Yong , Zhang Hang , Zhu Chen , Wang Shang , Wu Xiao , Wang Xiang , Li Yuwei , Huang Shihe , Mao Min , Guo Huanhuan , Yang Yunkai , Jia Rui , Xufang Jingwei , Wang Xuewei , Liang Shuyan , Qiu Zhixin , Zhang Juan , Ding Yaling , Li Chunyan , Zhang Jin , Fu Daoxing , He Yanlin , Zhou Dongbo , Li Cesheng , Zhang Jiayou , Yu Ding , Yang Xiao-Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed. Nevertheless, the antibody response decreased over time, and the Omicron variant exhibited more pronounced resistance to neutralization than the prototype and Delta strains. Moreover, the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response was also increased in recovered patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Overall, the repeated antigen exposure provided by inactivated COVID-19 vaccination greatly boosted both the potency and breadth of the humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, effectively protecting recovered individuals from reinfection by circulating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Mapping the protein binding site of the (pro)renin receptor using in silico 3D structural analysis
Authors: Ebihara Akio , Sugihara Daiki , Matsuyama Makoto , Suzuki-Nakagawa Chiharu , Nabi A. H. M. Nurun , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Nishiyama Akira , Suzuki Fumiaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have previously reported that monoclonal antibodies against the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] can reduce the Wnt/β-catenin-dependent development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common pancreatic cancer. Antibodies against two (P)RR regions (residues 47–60 and 200–213) located in the extracellular domain (ECD) reduced the proliferation of human PDAC cells in vitro. Although these regions probably participate in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, their functional significance remains unclear. Moreover, the (P)RR ECD is predicted to possess an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), which allows multiple protein interactions because of its conformational flexibility. In this study, we investigated the significance of the two regions and the IDR by in silico 3D structural analysis using the AlphaFold2 program and evolutionary sequence conservation profile. The model showed that ECD adopted a folded domain (residues 17–269) and had an IDR (residues 270–296). The two regions mapped onto the structural model formed a continuous surface patch comprising evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic residues. The homodimeric structure predicted by AlphaFold2 showed that full-length (P)RR comprising the ECD, single-span transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains formed a twofold symmetric dimer via the ECD, which explains the experimentally proven homodimerization. The dimer model possessed two hand-shaped grooves with residues 47–60 and 200–213 in their palms and the IDR as their fingers. Based on these findings, we propose that the IDR-containing hydrophobic grooves act as a binding site for (P)RR and perform multiple functions, including Wnt signaling activation.