bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphological study of the shape of the corpus callosum in normal, schizophrenic and bipolar patients
Authors: Vermeulen Christiaan L. , du Toit Peet J. , Venter Gerda , Human‐Baron Rene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbnormalities in the morphology of the corpus callosum have been found to be involved in cognitive impairments or abnormal behaviour in patients with mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The present study investigated morphological shape differences of the corpus callosum in a large cohort of 223 participants between normal, schizophrenic and bipolar patients on MRI scans, CT scans and cadaver samples. Healthy samples were compared to a mental disorder population sample to determine morphological shapes variations associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Landmark‐based methodology was used to contour the corpus callosum shape that served as standard positions to allow for radial and thickness partitioning in order to determine shape variations within the specific localised anatomical sections of the corpus callosum. Shape analysis was performed using Ordinary Procrustes averaging and superimposing landmarks to define an average landmark position for the specific regions of the corpus callosum. No significant global shape differences were found between the different mental disorders. Schizophrenia and bipolar shapes differed mostly in the genu‐rostrum, posterior body, isthmus and splenium. Sample group comparisons yielded significant differences between all groups and global measurement parameters and in various sub‐regions. The findings of the present study suggest that the corpus callosum in schizophrenia and bipolar differs significantly compared to healthy controls, specifically in the anterior body and isthmus for schizophrenia and only in the isthmus for bipolar disorder. Shape changes in these regions may possibly, in part, be responsible for the symptoms and cognitive impairments observed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Mutations in Puccinia triticina pathotypes in wheat rust repository in India
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Bhardwaj Subhash Chander , Gangwar Om Prakash , Prasad Pramod , Lata Charu , Adhikari Sneha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo new variants of Puccinia triticina were identified in the repository cultures of pathotypes 20 (5R27 = SGQPL) and 107‐1 (45R35 = JCGPL) being maintained as live cultures in the national repository at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, for 87 and 24 years, respectively. Mixtures of infection types were observed on Lr15 in one pathotype 20 whereas on Lr3 in 107‐1. The single pustule isolations and further purification in both the cases yielded two new pathotypes designated as 20‐2 (57R27 = SHKPL) and 57 (45R39 = KGTPL). The pathotype 20‐2 was one‐step gain in virulence to Lr15 in mother culture of pathotype 20. Contrarily, the second new pathotype though close to 107‐1 (with additional virulence to Lr3), however, resembled standard race 57 of the classical differentials. The difference in virulence on one gene as compared to the respective mother culture and their non‐detection from the field samples reflects mutation for virulence in situ. To confirm the novelty of new pathotypes, detailed studies were conducted on differentials, avirulence/virulence on Lr genes, DNA polymorphism using SSR markers, and the results are presented in this publication. The new variants have been added to the live culture collection of the centre and designated as PrtI 57 and PrtI 20‐2.
Making sense of United States–Brazil relations under Bolsonaro
Authors: Hirst Monica , Valls Pereira Lia B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolitical alignment with the United States became an essential aspect of Brazilian foreign policy once Jair Bolsonaro came to power in Brazil. While close ties to Washington had already been established since the interregnum period of the Temer government, far‐right ideological synergies between Bolsonaro and Donald Trump became more highly visible. A common anticommunism stance inter‐linked with antiglobalism reflected commonalities in regional politics and a pronounced strengthening of defense and security ties. Yet, Bolsonaro–Trump common worldviews did not spill over in Brazilian international economics. While political relations with the United States took on major importance, Brazil's investment and trade ties with China were maintained and even expanded. This article focuses on Brazil–United States relations during the Bolsonaro–Trump years. To make sense of this link, two elucidatory paths are drawn—a comparative historical overview that traces previous moments of bilateral ideological synergies to evaluate the exceptional character of Bolsonaro–Trump bilateralism; and contextualization within the process of redistribution of world power intertwined with the rise of China, which has deeply affected the leadership capacity of the United States.
Student teachers as creative writers: does an understanding of creative pedagogies matter?
Authors: Assemakis Kerry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTeaching creative writing in primary schools requires an understanding of creative pedagogies that value autonomy and for educators to draw on their own experiences of the creative writing process to support the development of their pupils. This article draws on evidence from 58 undergraduate primary student teachers to further understand how their appreciation of creative pedagogies, combined with their experiences of creative writing, impacts on their approach to the teaching of writing in primary schools. Evidence from questionnaires and interviews reveals that factors such as freedom, choice and focusing on the personal aspects of writing are valued but often because they make writing fun for children, rather than because they develop children's creative behaviours and creative writing. Student teachers' own personal experiences of these factors affect whether they are likely to integrate them into their future practice in school. It is argued that if students experience creative writing that is underpinned by a creative pedagogy within their initial teacher education, they will be better equipped to teach creative writing and prepare children for being writers.
Causal relationships between metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease and iron status: Two‐sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: He He , Liao Shenling , Zeng Yuping , Liang Libo , Chen Jie , Tao Chuanmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsDysregulated iron homeostasis plays an important role in the hepatic manifestation of metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We investigated the causal effects of five iron metabolism markers, regular iron supplementation and MAFLD risk.MethodsGenetic summary statistics were obtained from open genome‐wide association study databases. Two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to estimate the causal effect between iron status and MAFLD, including Mendelian randomization inverse‐variance weighted, weighted median methods and Mendelian randomization‐Egger regression. The Mendelian randomization‐PRESSO outlier test, Cochran's Q test and Mendelian randomization‐Egger regression were used to assess outliers, heterogeneity and pleiotropy respectively.ResultsMendelian randomization inverse‐variance weighted results showed that the genetically predicted per standard deviation increase in liver iron (Data set 2: odds ratio 1.193, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.074–1.326, p = .001) was associated with an increased MAFLD risk, consistent with the weighted median estimates and Mendelian randomization–Egger regression, although Data set 1 was not significant. Mendelian randomization inverse‐variance weighted analysis showed that genetically predicted MAFLD was significantly associated with increased serum ferritin levels in both datasets (Dataset 1: β = .038, 95% CI = .014 to .062, p = .002; Dataset 2: β = .081, 95% CI = .025 to .136, p = .004), and a similar result was observed with the weighted median methods for Dataset 2 instead of Mendelian randomization‐Egger regression.ConclusionsThis study uncovered genetically predicted causal associations between iron metabolism status and MAFLD. These findings underscore the need for improved guidelines for managing MAFLD risk by emphasizing hepatic iron levels as a risk factor and ferritin levels as a prognostic factor.
Epigenetics and island‐mainland divergence in an insectivorous small mammal
Authors: Cossette Marie‐Laurence , Stewart Donald T. , Haghani Amin , Zoller Joseph A. , Shafer Aaron B. A. , Horvath Steve 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGeographically isolated populations, specifically island‐mainland counterparts, tend to exhibit phenotypic variation in many species. The so‐called island syndrome occurs when different environmental pressures lead to insular divergence from mainland populations. This phenomenon can be seen in an island population of Nova Scotia masked shrews (Sorex cinereus), which have developed a specialized feeding habit and digestive enzyme compared to their mainland counterparts. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), can impact phenotypes by altering gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Here, we used a de novo masked shrew genome assembly and a mammalian methylation array profiling 37 thousand conserved CpGs to investigate morphological and DNA methylation patterns between island and mainland populations. Island shrews were morphologically and epigenetically different than their mainland counterparts, exhibiting a smaller body size. A gene ontology enrichment analyses of differentially methylated CpGs implicated developmental and digestive system related pathways. Based on our shrew epigenetic clock, island shrews might also be aging faster than their mainland counterparts. This study provides novel insight on phenotypic and epigenetic divergence in island‐mainland mammal populations and suggests an underlying role of methylation in island‐mainland divergence.
Site fidelity of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a highly industrialized area of the Galveston Bay estuary
Authors: Mintzer Vanessa J. , Quackenbush Alyssa , Fazioli Kristi L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoastal common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that inhabit urban estuaries are exposed to a myriad of anthropogenic threats. To manage and conserve these populations, it is imperative to understand their habitat use and residency patterns. In this study, we evaluated the site fidelity of common bottlenose dolphins in upper Galveston Bay (UGB), a heavily industrialized area of the Galveston Bay estuary. We aimed to identify groups within the population with varying affinity to UGB and to determine if there are resident dolphins in UGB. The Galveston Bay Dolphin Research Program conducted monthly photo‐identification surveys in UGB between January 2016 and December 2019. We identified 442 distinct dolphins within UGB and used their sighting histories to calculate occurrence, permanence, and periodicity. These site fidelity metrics were incorporated into a cluster analysis that revealed three groups. Group 1 (n = 192, 43%) consisted of individuals with the highest site fidelity to UGB and were classified as year‐round or seasonal long‐term residents. Group 2 (n = 141, 32%) were transients and Group 3 (n = 109, 25%) were short‐term users of UGB. This study identified resident dolphins in UGB, and we recommend that this group be monitored closely, as they are particularly vulnerable to stressors in the upper estuary.
Mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces species: An experience from a tertiary care hospital in Western India and systematic review of global cases
Authors: Samaddar Arghadip , Shrimali Twishi , Sharma Anuradha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractApophysomyces species are an emerging cause of mucormycosis in several regions of the world, primarily affecting immunocompetent individuals. The present study addresses the global epidemiology, clinical presentation, management and outcome of mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces spp. The study included patients diagnosed with Apophysomyces infection at our hospital between March 2019 and August 2020. In addition, cases published in PubMed and Google Scholar from inception to July 2022 were systematically searched and analysed. Only proven and probable cases that meet the eligibility criteria were included. The Indian cases were compared with those from other countries, and the results were analysed by descriptive statistics. In total, six cases of mucormycosis due to Apophysomyces spp. were diagnosed at our hospital, with additional 250 cases identified through literature search. The main underlying diseases were diabetes mellitus (24%), malignancy (3.2%) and chronic kidney disease (2.8%). The major predisposing factor was trauma (55.6%). Necrotizing fasciitis was the most common (63.2%) clinical presentation. Healthcare‐associated mucormycosis accounted for 10.4% of the cases. Globally, A. elegans was the most common species (48.8%), whereas A. variabilis was predominant (86.2%) in India. Surgery was performed in 83.5% of patients. Among those treated with antifungal agents, 98% received amphotericin B and 8.1% received posaconazole. Inappropriate antifungal usage was observed in 12.7%. The overall mortality was 42.3%. A combined medical and surgical management was associated with higher survival. Our study highlights the knowledge gap among physicians regarding this infection. A timely diagnosis and aggressive management can improve the outcomes in such cases.
Platform capitalism and neo‐normative control: “Autonomy” as a digital platform control strategy in neoliberal Chile
Authors: Morales Karol , Stecher Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA key element of the platform business model is concentrating great organisational power over the work process while simultaneously allowing workers certain degrees of autonomy and encouraging them to see themselves as self‐employed. This study applied the neo‐normative control concept to analyse the mechanisms platforms use to promote freedom of choice and self‐regulation values, which are formed extra‐organisationally in deeply neoliberal societies such as Chile. The Uber ride‐hailing and Pedidos Ya home delivery platforms in Chile were examined using a labour process theory framework based on an ethnographic design. The results show the specific ways in which these platforms deploy forms of neo‐normative control, how this deployment is anchored in the labour context of neoliberal Chilean society, and how workers re‐signify, stress, or seek to subvert this control strategy. The findings' theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.
Sedimentology of the Ediacaran barite‐bearing cap dolostone from Gaolan, northern Three Gorges, South China
Authors: Chen Xiaoshuai , Kuang Hongwei , Liu Yongqing , Le Heron Daniel Paul , Wang Yuchong , Bai Huaqing , Peng Nan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile Ediacaran cap dolostones research is a hot topic, detailed sedimentological analysis of barite‐bearing cap dolostones remains scarce. Here, new data are presented from Xiangerwan in northern Three Gorges, South China, to illustrate the sedimentary characteristics, depositional environment and formation mechanism of the barite‐bearing cap dolostone. In ascending order, the succession is divided into: (i) pebbly dolostone; (ii) dolostone with unusual sedimentary structures (for example, sheet cracks and tepee structures); and (iii) barite‐bearing facies. The gravels of the pebbly dolostone record the slow relative sea‐level rise during post‐glacial transgression, with a local terrestrial influence. Sheet cracks and tepee structures represent water escape structures in the supratidal and upper intertidal zone, and gently wavy stromatolites in barite‐bearing facies are deposits typical of the upper intertidal zone. In addition, primary radial length‐slow dolomite cements were originally precipitated at the seafloor. In general, the cap dolostone was formed in a shallow‐water ramp environment. The form and sedimentary characteristics of barites indicate a primary (syngenetic) origin and help to divide the barites into bladed (Type I) and needle‐like (Type II) variants. With the ongoing melting of the Marinoan glacier and water density stratification, the cap dolostone was gradually precipitated, accompanied by exotic gravels input. The stratification persisted, and special sedimentary structures were widely developed. Phosphorus and barium ions were brought up from the deep basin by upwelling, indicated by the flourishing stromatolites and barite fan deposition. Above the sediment–water interface, the Type I barite first grew upward from substrates, then the Type II barite could grow either in the reverse ‘V‐shape’ cavities between and within the Type I barite clusters, forming rhythm layers with bedded dolomite, or scattered in the laminae of stromatolites or surrounding dolomite. Finally, the formation of barite fans indicates the end of cap dolostone deposition and deeper water sedimentation.
Grounded Cognition Entails Linguistic Relativity: A Neglected Implication of a Major Semantic Theory
Authors: Kemmerer David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to the popular Grounded Cognition Model (GCM), the sensory and motor features of concepts, including word meanings, are stored directly within neural systems for perception and action. More precisely, the core claim is that these concrete conceptual features reuse some of the same modality‐specific representations that serve to categorize experiences involving the relevant kinds of objects and events. Research in semantic typology, however, has shown that word meanings vary significantly across the roughly 6500 languages in the world. I argue that this crosslinguistic semantic diversity has significant yet previously unrecognized theoretical consequences for the GCM. In particular, to accommodate the typological data, the GCM must assume that the concrete features of word meanings are not merely stored within sensory/motor brain systems, but are represented there in ways that are, to a nontrivial degree, language‐specific. Moreover, it must assume that these conceptual representations are also activated during the nonlinguistic processing of the relevant kinds of objects and events (e.g., during visual perception and action planning); otherwise, they would not really be grounded, which is to say, embedded inside sensory/motor systems. Crucially, however, such activations would constitute what is traditionally called linguistic relativity—that is, the influence of language‐specific semantic structures on other forms of cognition. The overarching aim of this paper is to elaborate this argument more fully and explore its repercussions. To that end, I discuss in greater detail the key aspects of the GCM, the evidence for crosslinguistic semantic diversity, pertinent work on linguistic relativity, the central claim that the GCM entails linguistic relativity, some initial supporting results, and some important limitations and future directions.
Effect of 0.15% sodium hyaluronate on tear film breakup time in healthy anesthetized cats
Authors: Madruga Gabriela Moraes , Ribeiro Alexandre Pinto , Martins Letícia Ramos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of 0.15% sodium hyaluronate (SH) on tear film breakup time (TFBT) in healthy anesthetized cats.ProceduresForty cats undergoing elective surgery were enrolled. TFBT was assessed before anesthesia to obtain baseline values. As a preanesthetic medication, cats received midazolam, tramadol, and cetamine combined in the same syringe. For anesthetic induction and maintenance, propofol and isoflurane were used. After a 15 min stabilization period to achieve the surgical anesthetic plane, one eye was treated with one drop of SH, while the other eye received saline and served as a control. TFBT was measured at the end of the general anesthesia (T40) and 35 (T75) and 80 min (T120) after the termination of the anesthesia. TFBT values were compared between the control and SH‐treated eyes; both values were also compared with the baseline values (p < .05).ResultsIn the control eyes, TFBT significantly decreased from baseline at all time points (p < .001), while in SH‐treated eyes, TFBT significantly increased from baseline only at T40 (p < .0001). In SH‐treated eyes, TFBT was significantly higher than that in the control eyes at all time points (p < .001).ConclusionsIn healthy cats, TFBT decreases significantly after 40 min of general anesthesia, and one drop of 0.15% sodium hyaluronate was able to maintain the stability of the tear film for up to 75 min in treated eyes. However, the isolated effect of each drug used in our anesthetic protocol on TFBT should be executed in further studies.
Q fever screening among pregnant women with pre‐term delivery in northern Israel: An observational study
Authors: Badarni Karawan , Weiner Zeev , Szwarcwort‐Cohen Moran , Zaltzman‐Bershadsky Nelly , Paul Mical , Ghanem‐Zoubi Nesrin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe relationship between Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, and obstetrical complications is debatable. Since Q fever is endemic in Israel, we aimed to assess its seroprevalence and clinical characteristics in pre‐term deliveries. Between 1 August 2017 and 31 December 2019, we conducted serological screening for C. burnetii in pregnant women who presented to Rambam Health Care Campus with pre‐term delivery (before 37 weeks of gestation). Anti‐C. burnetii antibodies were tested first by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of phase I‐IgG, phase II‐IgG and phase II‐IgM. Positive results were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence with titre determination. Seropositivity was classified into past, acute and chronic infection. Demographic and clinical data of mothers and neonates were collected and compared between seropositive and seronegative women. Out of 386 pregnant women screened for anti‐C. burnetii antibodies, 16 (4.1%) were seropositive, of whom three were diagnosed with past, 12 with acute and one with chronic infection. A higher percentage of seropositive women were immunosuppressed, 2/16 (12.5%) compared with 7/370 (1.9%) in seronegative women, (p = .05). Neonates with small for gestational age were born to 2/16 (12.5%) seropositive women compared with 29/370 (7.8%) to seronegative women, (p = .35). The seroprevalence of Q fever among pregnant women with pre‐term birth reached 4% in northern Israel. This high rate in an endemic setting encourages investigating the role of routine screening for Q fever during pregnancy. Special attention should be given to pregnant immunosuppressed women at risk for exposure to Q fever.