bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) to the noninvasive evaluation of hepatic steatosis
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Jia Minyue , Zhang Chao , Feng Xinxu , Chen Jifan , Li Qunying , Zhang Yingying , Xu Wen , Dong Yiping , Jiang Yifan , Liu Yajing , Huang Pintong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the applicability of an ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic steatosis in clinical practice and to compare its correlation with B-mode ultrasound (US). From May to July 2021, 63 subjects with different body mass index (BMI) grades were included in the prospective study. All of them performed UGAP measurements, under different breathing manipulations, positions, diet statuses, and operators. After that, the UGAP values were compared with the visual grades of hepatic steatosis on B-mode US using a 4-point scale method. The intraclass correlation (ICC) of the UGAP values between the two radiologists was 0.862 (p < 0.001), and the ICCs of the UGAP values on the same day and different days by radiologist A were 0.899 (p < 0.001) and 0.910 (p < 0.001), respectively. There were no significant differences in UGAP values under different breathing manipulations (p > 0.05), positions (p > 0.05), or diet statuses (p = 0.300). The UGAP values in the fasting (supine position, segment V, 1) condition among the lean (BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and obese groups (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) were 0.60 ± 0.12, 0.66 ± 0.14, and 0.71 ± 0.11 dB/cm/MHz, respectively, with a significant difference (p = 0.006). The correlation coefficients (Rho) between the UGAP values and the visual grades of hepatic steatosis by the two reviewers were 0.845 (p < 0.001) and 0.850 (p < 0.001), corresponding to a strong relationship. Steatosis grades by reviewer 1 (p = 0.036) and reviewer 2 (p = 0.003) were significant factors determining the UGAP values according to the multivariate linear regression analysis. UGAP demonstrated excellent intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility in the assessment of hepatic steatosis. UGAP may be a promising tool in clinical practice to predict hepatic steatosis.
Rumen fermentation and epithelial gene expression responses to diet ingredients designed to differ in ruminally degradable protein and fiber supplies
Authors: Gleason C. B. , Beckett L. M. , White R. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough numerous studies exist relating ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations to diet composition and animal performance, minimal information is available describing how VFA dynamics respond to diets within the context of the whole rumen environment. The objective of this study was to characterize how protein and fiber sources affect dry matter intake, rumen pH, fluid dynamics, fermentation parameters, and epithelial gene expression. Four diet treatments (soybean meal or heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp or timothy hay) were delivered to 10 wethers. The soybean meals served as crude protein (CP) sources while the beet pulp and timothy hay represented neutral detergent fiber (NDF) sources. Feed intake, rumen pH, fluid pool size, and fluid passage rate were unaffected by treatment. Butyrate synthesis and absorption were greater on the beet pulp treatment whereas synthesis and absorption of other VFA remained unchanged. Both CP and NDF treatment effects were associated with numerous VFA interconversions. Expression levels of rumen epithelial genes were not altered by diet treatment. These results indicate that rumen VFA dynamics are altered by changes in dietary sources of nutrients but that intake, rumen environmental parameters, and the rumen epithelium may be less responsive to such changes.
Sealing mechanism study of laryngeal mask airways via 3D modelling and finite element analysis
Authors: Liao Hongxia , Chen Liqiang , Liu Meiling , Chen Junfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProper sealing of laryngeal mask airways (LMAs) is critical for airway management in clinical use. Understanding the sealing mechanism can significantly help front-line anaesthetists to reduce the incidence of adverse events. However, anaesthetists, who may not have the most substantial engineering backgrounds, lack intuitive ways to develop an understanding of the LMA sealing mechanism effectively. The paper aims to study the LMA-pharynx sealing mechanisms from the perspective of front-line anaesthetists. We use a computer-aided 3D modelling technique to visualise the LMA—pharynx interactions, which helps anaesthetists identify the critical areas of complications. Furthermore, we conduct a quantitative pressure distribution analysis of the LMA-pharynx contacting surface using the finite element analysis technique, which helps further understand the sealing mechanics in those areas. We present two cases studies based on one male volunteer, aged 50, inserted with a ProSeal LMA. In the first case, a relatively low cuff pressure (CP) was applied to simulate the clinical circumstances in which complications related to air leakage are most likely to happen; in the second case, we increase the CP to a relatively high value to simulate the scenarios with an increased risk of complications related to high mucosal pressure. The experiments suggest the follows: (1) Sore throat complications related to high mucosal pressure is most likely to occur in the hypopharynx with a high CP setting, particularly in the areas where the cricoid cartilage presses the mucosa. (2) The narrow hyoid bone super horn width likely causes LMA insertion difficulties. (3) Insufficient CP will significantly increase the risk of air leakage in the oropharynx. A complete sealing pressure line in the contacting surface will be formed with sufficient CP, thereby preventing the air leakage into the oral.
Process knowledge graph modeling techniques and application methods for ship heterogeneous models
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Jing Xuwen , Lu Xiang , Liu Jinfeng , Li Haipeng , Cao Xuwu , Du Chenxiao , Li Jun , Li Lei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the process design and reuse of marine component products, there are a lot of heterogeneous models, causing the problem that the process knowledge and process design experience contained in them are difficult to express and reuse. Therefore, a process knowledge representation model for ship heterogeneous model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multi-element process knowledge graph is constructed, and the heterogeneous ship model is described in a unified way. Then, the multi-strategy ontology mapping method is applied, and the semantic expression between the process knowledge graph and the entity model is realized. Finally, by obtaining implicit semantics based on case-based reasoning and checking the similarity of the matching results, the case knowledge reuse is achieved, to achieve rapid design of the process. This method provides reliable technical support for the design of ship component assembly and welding process, greatly shortens the design cycle, and improves the working efficiency. In addition, taking the double-deck bottom segment of a ship as an example, the process knowledge map of the heterogeneous model is constructed to realize the rapid design of ship process, which shows that the method can effectively acquire the process knowledge in the design case and improve the efficiency and intelligence of knowledge reuse in the process design of the heterogeneous model of a ship.
MHD mixed convection and entropy generation of CNT-water nanofluid in a wavy lid-driven porous enclosure at different boundary conditions
Authors: Hamzah Hameed K. , Ali Farooq H. , Hatami M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, Galerkin Finite Element Method or GFEM is used for the modeling of mixed convection with the entropy generation in wavy lid-driven porous enclosure filled by the CNT-water nanofluid under the magnetic field. Two different cases of boundary conditions for hot and cold walls are considered to study the fluid flow (streamlines) and heat transfer (local and average Nusselt numbers) as well as the entropy generation parameters. Richardson (Ri), Darcy (Da), Hartmann angle (γ), Amplitude (A), Number of peaks (N), Volume fraction (φ), Heat generation factor (λ), Hartmann number (Ha) and Reynolds number (Re) are studied parameters in this study which results indicated that at low Richardson numbers (< 1) increasing the inclined angle of magnetic field, decreases the Nu numbers, but at larger Richardson numbers (> 1) it improves the Nu numbers.
DJ-1 upregulates the Nrf2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit trophoblast ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Liao Tingting , Xu Xia , Ye Xu , Yan Jianying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death that involves disorders in iron metabolism and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plasma membrane. Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational idiopathic disease that is characterized by hypertension and albuminuria, begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy. DJ-1 is a prerequisite for activating and stabilizing Nrf2 to allow translocation to the nucleus to carry out further functions. Detecting the expression levels of DJ-1, the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and ferroptosis markers in placental tissues of pregnant women with and without PE. Analyzing the effects of the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1) on the mortality rate of BeWo cells and DJ-1+/+, DJ-1−/− BeWo cells. Ferroptosis markers (MDA concentration and morphology of trophoblast cells) and DJ-1 and its downstream the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway increased significantly in PE pathological state. The expression levels of DJ-1 protein in the control group and the PE group were positively correlated with the expression levels of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway protein, and negatively correlated with the MDA concentration. BeWo cells were sensitive to the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1). The high expression levels of DJ-1 in BeWo cells can resist ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of PE. DJ-1 can mediate the trophoblast cells ferroptosis and play a protective role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway.
Prediction, validation, and uncertainties of a nation-wide post-fire soil erosion risk assessment in Portugal
Authors: Parente J. , Girona-García A. , Lopes A. R. , Keizer J. J. , Vieira D. C. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWildfires are a recurrent and increasing threat in mainland Portugal, where over 4.5 million hectares of forests and scrublands have burned over the last 38 years. These fire-affected landscapes have suffered an intensification of soil erosion processes, which can negatively affect soil carbon storage, reduce fertility and forest productivity, and can become a source of pollutants. The main objective of the present study is to produce a post-fire soil erosion risk map for the forest and shrubland areas in mainland Portugal and assess its reliability. To this end, the semi-empirical Morgan–Morgan–Finney erosion model was used to assess the potential post-fire soil erosion according to distinct burn severity and climate scenarios, and the accuracy of the predictions was verified by an uncertainty analysis and validated against independent field datasets. The proposed approach successfully allowed mapping post-fire soil erosion in Portugal and identified the areas with higher post-fire erosion risk for past and future climate extremes. The outcomes of this study comprise a set of tools to help forest managers in their decision-making for post-fire emergency stabilization, ensuring the adequate selection of areas for mitigation to minimize the economic and environmental losses caused by fire-enhanced soil erosion.
Detecting visually significant cataract using retinal photograph-based deep learning
Authors: Tham Yih-Chung , Goh Jocelyn Hui Lin , Anees Ayesha , Lei Xiaofeng , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Chee Miao-Li , Wang Ya Xing , Jonas Jost B. , Thakur Sahil , Teo Zhen Ling , Cheung Ning , Hamzah Haslina , Tan Gavin S. W. , Husain Rahat , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Wang Jie Jin , Chen Qingyu , Lu Zhiyong , Keenan Tiarnan D. , Chew Emily Y. , Tan Ava Grace , Mitchell Paul , Goh Rick S. M. , Xu Xinxing , Liu Yong , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAge-related cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment among older adults. Many significant cases remain undiagnosed or neglected in communities, due to limited availability or accessibility to cataract screening. In the present study, we report the development and validation of a retinal photograph-based, deep-learning algorithm for automated detection of visually significant cataracts, using more than 25,000 images from population-based studies. In the internal test set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 96.6%. External testing performed across three studies showed AUROCs of 91.6–96.5%. In a separate test set of 186 eyes, we further compared the algorithm’s performance with 4 ophthalmologists’ evaluations. The algorithm performed comparably, if not being slightly more superior (sensitivity of 93.3% versus 51.7–96.6% by ophthalmologists and specificity of 99.0% versus 90.7–97.9% by ophthalmologists). Our findings show the potential of a retinal photograph-based screening tool for visually significant cataracts among older adults, providing more appropriate referrals to tertiary eye centers.
An overview of stability challenges for power‐electronic‐dominated power systems: The grid‐forming approach
Authors: Shakerighadi Bahram , Johansson Nicklas , Eriksson Robert , Mitra Pinaki , Bolzoni Alberto , Clark Angel , Nee Hans‐Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInverter‐based generators (IBGs) are becoming popular in modern power systems. When the penetration of IBGs is increasing in power systems, new stability, protection, and monitoring challenges are introduced in the grid. Grid‐forming (GFM) control of converters is seen as a promising solution for future power grids to overcome particular stability challenges. Here, the technical challenges of the GFM‐based IBGs are reviewed from the point of view of TSOs and academic research. The properties of different GFM methods are studied for different GFM‐based IBGs for a single grid‐tied IBG and using the IEEE 9‐bus test system. Simulation results are provided by using the PSCAD‐EMT simulation software.
A novel Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles functionalized by glutamic acid and conjugated with thiosemicarbazide alter the expression of norB gene, in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Safarnejad Erfan , Moradi‐Shoeili Zeinab , Rahmatollahi Hamid Reza , Jalali Amir , Salehzadeh Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, the improved efficacy of a novel composite of iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized by glutamic acid (Glu) and conjugated with thiosemicarbazide (TSC), evaluated on the expression of norB efflux pump gene in S. aureus strains. The proper synthesis of Fe3O4@Glu–TSC NP was confirmed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), energy dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The effect of NP on the expression of norB gene was studied using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The physical analysis of NP revealed proper synthesis, dispersion, and stability, as well as the spherical/cubic morphology with a mean size of 35–60 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the functionalized nanoparticle decreased by two folds towards each respected strain in contrast with the Fe3O4 NP (alone). Additionally, in the presence of NP, the norB gene expression was reduced by up to 50% in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, the functionalized NP can be considered as a promising inhibitor of bacterial efflux pump genes against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the safety of these nanoparticles for medicinal applications.
Editorial
Authors: Jakob Franz 
Published: February 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,Zum Beginn eines Neuen Jahres senden wir Ihnen eine Ausgabe unserer
Osteologie-Zeitschrift, die sich mit COVID-19 und der Pandemie beschäftigt,
speziell mit den Aspekten, die uns bei der Versorgung der Patientinnen und Patienten
in der Osteologie betreffen. Es gibt zwei wichtige Gründe dafür,
dass dies erst jetzt geschieht. Zum einen ist unsere Zeitschrift kein schneller
Nachrichtendienst, sondern eine Zeitschrift, die themenbezogen von Zeit zu Zeit den
State of the Art dokumentiert. Zum anderen gab und gibt es in Bezug auf die
Begleitprobleme der COVID-19-Infektion in der Osteologie nur eine relativ
dünne Datenlage, die allerdings schnell wächst. Da sicherlich zu
unser aller Bedauern eine bekannt markante Aussage zur Pandemie („die
Pandemie ist durch“) sich als falsch erweist, kommt diese Ausgabe zu
COVID-19 und Osteologie nun unerwartet zeitgerecht.
Umsetzung eines speziell entwickelten musikbasierten
gesundheitsfördernden Krafttrainings für Seniorinnen mit
Demenz
Authors: Prinz Alexander , Langhans Corinna , Rehfeld Kathrin , Partie Marcel , Hökelmann Anita , Witte Kerstin 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungEine Demenz ist eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die mit einer Abnahme der
kognitiven und motorischen Fähigkeiten einhergeht und den Verlust der
Selbstständigkeit und die Pflegebedürftigkeit zur Folge hat. Im
Laufe der Jahre wird sie für etwa 60% der Einweisungen in
Pflegeheime verantwortlich sein. Damit Menschen mit Demenz trotz ihrer
Pflegebedürftigkeit einen angenehmen Lebensabend genießen
können, ist es wichtig, ihre kognitiven und motorischen
Fähigkeiten zu erhalten und ihre Lebensqualität zu steigern.
Zurzeit wird dies vorzugsweise mit Medikamenten versucht. Allerdings sind
medikamentöse Therapien bei Demenz begrenzt und immer von Nebenwirkungen
begleitet. Daher sind nicht-medikamentöse Interventionen von
großer Bedeutung. Studien legen nahe, dass eine Kombination aus
körperlicher Aktivität und Musik positive Auswirkungen auf
Demenzpatienten hat. Ziel dieser Studie war es, ein musikbasiertes
gesundheitsförderndes Krafttraining für Demenzpatienten zu
entwickeln und dessen Einfluss auf ausgewählte kognitive und motorische
Fähigkeiten sowie auf die Lebensqualität zu analysieren. An der
Studie nahmen 16 Heimbewohnerinnen mit einer Demenz (82,5±4,1 Jahre)
teil. Die Patientinnen führten über einen Zeitraum von 12 Wochen
eine musikbasierte Kraftintervention zweimal wöchentlich jeweils
60 min durch. Es wurden ausgewählte kognitive
Fähigkeiten sowie die motorische Reaktionsfähigkeit, Griffkraft
und Mobilität untersucht. Darüber hinaus sollten durch den
NOSGER II Erkenntnisse über die Lebensqualität gewonnen werden.
Die Intervention bewirkte signifikante Verbesserungen in der Griffkraft links
(p=,002) und rechts (p=,001) und der Reaktionsfähigkeit
(p=,032). In allen anderen Outcome-Parametern konnten zwar keine
Verbesserungen, aber auch keine signifikanten Verschlechterungen festgestellt
werden. Anhand eines Beobachtungsbogens wurden wichtige Erkenntnisse für
die Praktikabilität des Bewegungsprogrammes bei Demenzpatienten
gewonnen. Es ist zusammenfassend festzustellen, dass das entwickelte
musikbasierte gesundheitsfördernde Krafttraining mit Demenzpatientinnen
durchführbar war und von den Teilnehmerinnen nicht nur akzeptiert,
sondern auch gern absolviert wurde. Zwölf Wochen Training
führten zu signifikanten Verbesserungen in ausgewählten
motorischen Fähigkeiten und zur Stabilisierung kognitiver
Fähigkeiten. Ein musikbasiertes Übungsprogramm könnte
eine vielversprechende Ergänzung zu den medikamentösen Therapien
für Menschen mit Demenz sein.
Radiologische Diagnostik und Prognostik von COVID-19: Einsatz von
künstlicher Intelligenz und Zusammenhang mit muskulo-skelettaler
Bildgebung
Authors: Glüer Claus-C. , Krekiehn Nicolai , Yilmaz Eren Bora , Both Marcus 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19 Pandemie hat die Radiologie, wie viele andere Bereiche, vor
völlig neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Radiologische Bildgebung spielt
im Verbund mit Laboruntersuchungen und klinischen Daten eine wichtige Rolle bei
der Diagnose von COVID-19. Anhand einer spezifischen Analyse der
Lungenläsionen erlaubt sie auch Einschätzungen des Risikos
schwerer Verläufe, wenngleich die Größenordnung des
Informationsgewinns über biologisch klinische Daten hinaus im Einzelfall
unterschiedlich und Gegenstand aktueller Forschung ist. Osteoporose-bedingte
Frakturen stellen in diesem Zusammenhang möglicherweise einen
unabhängigen Risikofaktor für schwere Verläufe dar. Die
Pandemie hat aber auch neue Perspektiven eröffnet, insbesondere sind im
Bereich der Bildgebung neue technologische Entwicklungen mit Nachdruck
vorangetrieben worden. So arbeiten alle Universitätsradiologien am
Projekt Radiological Cooperative Network (RACOON) zusammen, wobei auf der Basis
strukturierter Befunde die Daten zusammengeführt und optional mit
Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) analysiert werden. Eine
Zusammenführung mit KI-Methoden zur Frakturerkennungen bietet
Perspektiven, Frakturinformationen automatisch zu gewinnen und in Risiko-Scores
für schweren Verlauf mit einzubinden. Die neuen Strukturen und Methoden,
die während der Pandemie entwickelt wurden, lassen sich auf andere
Anwendungsbereiche wie die muskulo-skelettale Bildgebung übertragen und
können so zu erheblichen technologischen Fortschritten in der
radiologischen Diagnostik und Prognostik führen.
Influence of Wearing Blue Lenses on Melatonin Production and
Performance in Volleyball Players
Authors: Baptista Eduardo , André Arriel Rhai , de Castro Carvalho Ana Luiza , Bispo Matheus M. C. , Rodrigues Alex Batista , Souza Hiago , Mota Gustavo R. , Marocolo Moacir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the effects of wearing blue lenses on melatonin level, physical and
cognitive performance. Fifteen youth volleyball players
(15.0±1.5 yrs) attended the laboratory on 3 occasions (48-h
interval): on the 1st visit they were familiarized with the
procedures of the study, and on 2nd and 3rd visits they
were submitted to the testing protocol wearing transparent (control) or blue
lens glasses in a counterbalanced crossover design. The protocol consisted of
10 min in “total darkness,” 30 min of light
stimulation (wearing blue or transparent lenses), followed by an attentional
test, and an agility T-test (without wearing the glasses). Samples of saliva (to
determine melatonin concentration) were obtained pre- and post-exposure
(30 min) to artificial light, wearing the lenses. Sleepiness, alertness,
attention, mood, and perceived recovery status and performance variables
(reaction time and T-test) were assessed after lens exposure. Melatonin levels
did not differ within and between groups (blue lenses, pre: 0.79±0.73
and post: 1.19±1.374 pg/dl, p=0.252, effect size
(ES)=0.38; control, pre: 0.97±1.00 and post:
0.67±0.71 pg/dl, p=0.305,
ES=–0.35). Nonetheless, melatonin differences were significantly
correlated with physical sedation for glasses with blue lenses
(r=−0.526; p=0.04). No other variables differed
(p>0.05) between protocols, including T-test performance
(p=0.07; ES=0.41). Blue lenses do not influence melatonin
levels, cognitive/physical performance, and mood status in amateur youth
volleyball players.