bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interacting galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations − IV: enhanced supermassive black hole accretion rates in post-merger galaxies
Authors: Byrne-Mamahit Shoshannah , Hani Maan H , Ellison Sara L , Quai Salvatore , Patton David R 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the instantaneous supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion rates in a collection of 1563 post-merger galaxies drawn from the IllustrisTNG simulation. Our sample consists of galaxies that have experienced a merger in the last simulation snapshot (within ∼ 160 Myrs of coalescence) in the redshift range 0 &lt; z &lt; 1, with merger stellar mass ratios &gt;1: 10 and post-merger stellar masses &gt;1010M⊙. We find that, on average, the accretion rates of the post-mergers are ∼1.7 times higher than in a control sample and that post-mergers are three to four times more likely to experience a luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) phase than isolated galaxies. SMBH accretion rate enhancements persist for ∼2 Gyrs after coalescence, significantly exceeding the ∼500 Myr lifetime of star formation rate enhancements. We find that the presence of simultaneous enhancements in both the star formation and SMBH accretion rates depends on both the mass ratio of the merger and on the gas mass of the post-merger galaxy. Despite these accretion rate enhancements, only ∼35 per cent of post-mergers experience a luminous AGN (Lbol &gt; 1044erg/s) within 500 Myrs after coalescence, and fewer than 10 per cent achieve a luminosity in excess of Lbol &gt; 1045erg/s. Moreover, only ∼10 per cent of the highest luminosity (Lbol &gt; 1045erg/s) AGN in the IllustrisTNG galaxy sample are recent mergers. Our results are therefore consistent with a picture in which mergers can (but do not always) trigger AGN activity, but where the majority of galaxies hosting high luminosity AGN are not recent mergers.
Dust contribution to the panchromatic galaxy emission
Authors: Triani Dian P , Croton Darren J , Sinha Manodeep , Taylor Edward N , Pacifici Camilla , Dwek Eli 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We have developed a pipeline called mentari to generate the far-ultraviolet to far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of galaxies from the Dusty SAGEsemi-analytic galaxy formation model. Dusty SAGEincorporates dust-related processes directly on top of the basic ingredients of galaxy formation like gas infall, cooling, star formation, feedback, and mergers. We derive a physically motivated attenuation model from the computed dust properties in Dusty SAGE, so each galaxy has a self-consistent set of attenuation parameters based on the complicated dust physics that occurred across the galaxy’s assembly history. Then, we explore several dust emission templates to produce infrared spectra. Our results show that a physically-motivated attenuation model is better for obtaining a consistent multiwavelength description of galaxy formation and evolution, compared to using a constant attenuation. We compare our predictions with a compilation of observations and find that the fiducial model is in reasonable agreement with: (i) the observed z= 0 luminosity functions from the far-ultraviolet to far-infrared simultaneously, and hence (ii) the local cosmic SED in the same range, (iii) the rest-frame K-band luminosity function across 0 &lt; z&lt; 3, and (iv) the rest-frame far-ultraviolet luminosity function across 0 &lt; z&lt; 1. Our model underproduces the far-ultraviolet emission at z= 2 and z= 3, which can be improved by altering the AGN feedback and dust processes in Dusty SAGE, However, this combination thus worsens the agreement at z= 0, which suggests that more detailed treatment of such processes is required.
How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations?
Authors: Scoggins Matthew T , Haiman Zoltán , Wise John H 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The existence of 109 M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years of the Universe remains a puzzle in our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. Several suggested formation pathways for these SMBHs lead to a heavy seed, with an initial black hole mass of 104–106 M⊙. This can lead to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), whose nuclear black hole’s mass is comparable to or even greater than the surrounding stellar mass: the black hole to stellar mass ratio is Mbh/M* ≫ 10−3, well in excess of the typical values at lower redshift. We investigate how long these newborn BHs remain outliers in the Mbh − M* relation, by exploring the subsequent evolution of two OMBGs previously identified in the Renaissance simulations. We find that both OMBGs have Mbh/M* &gt; 1 during their entire life, from their birth at z ≈ 15 until they merge with much more massive haloes at z ≈ 8. We find that the OMBGs are spatially resolvable from their more massive, 1011 M⊙, neighbouring haloes until their mergers are complete at z ≈ 8. This affords a window for future observations with JWST and sensitive X-ray telescopes to diagnose the heavy-seed scenario, by detecting similar OMBGs and establishing their uniquely high black hole-to-stellar mass ratio.
A spectrophotometric analysis of cool white dwarfs in the Gaia and pan-STARRS footprint
Authors: Caron Alexandre , Bergeron P , Blouin Simon , Leggett S K 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a spectrophotometric analysis of 2880 cool white dwarfs within 100 pc of the Sun and cooler than Teff ∼ 10 000 K, with grizy Pan-STARRS photometry and Gaia trigonometric parallaxes available. We also supplement our data sets with near-infrared JHK photometry, when available, which is shown to be essential for interpreting the coolest white dwarfs in our sample. We perform a detailed analysis of each individual object using state-of-the-art model atmospheres appropriate for each spectral type, including DA, DC, DQ, DZ, He-rich DA, and the so-called IR-faint white dwarfs. We discuss the temperature and mass distributions of each subsample, as well as revisit the spectral evolution of cool white dwarfs. We find little evidence in our sample for the transformation of a significant fraction of DA stars into He-atmosphere white dwarfs through the process of convective mixing between Teff = 10 000 and ∼6500 K, although the situation changes drastically in the range Teff = 6500–5500 K where the fraction of He-atmosphere white dwarfs reaches ∼45 per cent. However, we also provide strong evidence that at even cooler temperatures (Teff ≲ 5200 K), most DC white dwarfs have H atmospheres. We discuss a possible mechanism to account for this sudden transformation from He- to H-atmosphere white dwarfs involving the onset of crystallization and the occurrence of magnetism. Finally, we also argue that DQ, DZ, and DC white dwarfs may form a more homogeneous population than previously believed.
Comparing the Effects of the EU- Versus the US-JUUL Pod in a Sample of UK Smokers: Nicotine Absorption, Satisfaction, and Other Nicotine-Related Subjective Effects
Authors: Kimber Catherine , Zaidell Lisa , Hunter Steve , Cox Sharon , Notley Caitlin , Dawkins Lynne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Pod Vaping Devices (PVD) such as JUUL have become extremely popular in the United States although their uptake and use in the United Kingdom remain lower. A key difference between the United States and the United Kingdom is the nicotine strength legally permitted, typically 59 mg/mL in the United States but capped at 20 mg/mL in the United Kingdom and European Union. This may limit the ability of EU vaping devices to deliver satisfactory nicotine levels. The primary aim was to compare the EU- (18 mg/mL nicotine strength) with the U.S.-JUUL (59 mg/mL) on daily smokers’ subjective experiences, craving relief, and blood nicotine levels.

Aims and Methods
Double-blind, counterbalanced within-participants design with two conditions: 18 mg/mL versus 59 mg/mL. On two separate occasions, UK smokers (N =19, 10 males, 9 females) vaped ad libitum for 60 mins and provided blood samples at baseline 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. Subjective effects (incl. satisfaction) were measured at 10 and 60 min and, craving and withdrawal symptoms (WS) at baseline, 10 and 60 min.

Results
Satisfaction did not differ between conditions. There was a significant interaction between Time and Nicotine concentration for Nicotine Hit (p = .045). Mean self-report of Nicotine Hit increased under the use of the 59 mg/mL from 10 to 60 min and decreased under the 18 mg/mL. Participants reported higher Throat Hits following use of the 59 mg/mL (p = .017). There were no differences in other subjective effects including craving, WS relief (ps &gt; .05). Liquid consumption was doubled under the 18 versus the 59 mg/mL (p = .001) and nicotine boost was significantly higher in the 59 mg/mL at all time-points (p ≤ .001).

Conclusions
The results did not support our hypotheses that satisfaction, craving, and withdrawal reduction would be higher with the 59 mg/mL JUUL. This could be because of the doubling of liquid consumption in the 18 mg/mL. Whether satisfaction and craving relief persist over the longer-term outside of the lab remains to be determined.

Implications
In a 60-min ad-lib vaping session, the EU-JUUL was found to produce comparable satisfaction, craving- and withdrawal relief as the U.S.-JUUL in this sample of UK smokers. These findings could suggest that the higher nicotine concentrations available in PVDs in the United States are not necessary for providing satisfaction and improving craving and WS. However, this was at the expense of a considerable increase in liquid consumption indicative of compensatory puffing.
Applied Mathematics without Numbers
Authors: Himelright Jack 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I develop a “safety result” for applied mathematics. I show that whenever a theory in natural science entails some non-mathematical conclusion via an application of mathematics, there is a counterpart theory that carries no commitment to mathematical objects, entails the same conclusion, and the claims of which are true if the claims of the original theory are “correct”: roughly, true given the assumption that mathematical objects exist. The framework used for proving the safety result has some advantages over existing nominalistic accounts of applied mathematics. It also provides a nominalistic account of pure mathematics.
Massive fermion between two parallel chiral plates
Authors: Rohim Ar , Adam Apriadi Salim , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the system of a massive fermion field confined between two parallel plates, where the properties of both plates are discussed under chiral MIT boundary conditions. We investigate the effects of the chiral angle on the Casimir energy for a massive fermion field with the general momentum. We find that the Casimir energy as a function of the chiral angle is generally symmetric, and the attractive Casimir force in the chiral case is stronger than that in the nonchiral case. In addition, we investigate the approximate Casimir energy for light and heavy mass cases. The behavior of the discrete momentum and changes of spin orientation are also discussed.
POLYETHYLENE FILTER FOR THE TNF2 THERMAL NEUTRON FACILITY
Authors: Astuto Achilles , Patrão Karla C S , Fonseca Evaldo S , Pereira Walsan W , Lopes Ricardo T 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Standard Thermal Neutron Flux Unit, TNF2, in (LNMRI/IRD)(1, 2), was built for neutron detector and survey meter calibrations. The facility’s fluence is achieved by moderation of four 241Am-Be with a graphite core and paraffin/graphite blocks surrounding it. Due to the small channel dimensions, it is impossible to calibrate personal dosemeters and survey meters for thermal neutrons. A polyethylene filter construction was carried out to allow the external irradiation of personal dosemeters and neutron survey meters. The polyethylene filter was constructed with 29 stacked discs with diameters ranging from 5 to 34 cm. Different thicknesses were simulated to provide the desired effect. This new irradiation configuration was also experimentally tested and compared with simulation results with MCNPX(3).
Gender Balance on State Boards in Ireland: To the Forefront of Progress or Concealing the Status Quo?
Authors: Berkery Elaine , Murphy Caroline , Cross Christine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, we examine female appointments to government-owned corporations, called State Sponsored Boards (SSBs), in Ireland over a twenty-eight-year period, to analyze the extent to which gender parity has been achieved using voluntary gender targets. Using data from thirty-four SSBs, we found that overall figures relating to the achievement of gender parity on SSBs are masking the reality of female representation on these boards. We have demonstrated that the high concentration of females on particular boards is increasing the overall average gender representation figures, and as a result, a high proportion of boards are not meeting their gender targets. This research provides evidence of the importance of taking a more nuanced approach to examining gender diversity on boards as a whole.
Tc17 cells in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Peng Yong , Deng Xiang , Zeng Qiuming , Tang Yandan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a pathologically similar disease used to model MS in rodents, are typical CD4+ T cell-dominated autoimmune diseases. CD4+ interleukin (IL)17+ T cells (Th17 cells) have been well studied and have shown that they play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE. However, studies have suggested that CD8+IL17+ T cells (Tc17 cells) have a similar phenotype and cytokine and transcription factor profiles to those of Th17 cells and have been found to be crucial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including MS/EAE, psoriasis, type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the evidence for this is indirect and insufficient. Therefore, we searched for related publications and attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of Tc17 cells in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE, as well as in the pathogenesis of other autoimmune diseases, and to find out whether Tc17 cells or Th17 cells play a more critical role in autoimmune disease, especially in MS and EAE pathogenesis, or whether the interaction between these two cell types plays a critical role in the development of the disease.
No Differences in Surgical and Patient-reported Outcomes Between Alloderm, Surgimend, and Dermacell for Prepectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Asaad Malke , Morris Natalie , Selber Jesse C. , Liu Jun , Clemens Mark W. , Adelman David M. , Chang Edward I. , Butler Charles E. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR) has recently become the standard of care for many reconstructive surgeons and is often supplemented with coverage using acellular dermal matrix(ADM). However, more clinical data examining the use of ADM in breast reconstruction are needed. The present study compares complications and patient-reported outcomes(PROs) between three different types of ADM used in IBR.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent immediate prepectoral IBR from January 2018 through December 2019. Surgical outcomes and PROs (using the BREAST-Q) were compared between the Alloderm, Surgimend, and Dermacell ADMs.

Results:
Overall, 557 breasts (383 patients) were included (78.6% Alloderm, 14% Surgimend, and 7.4% Dermacell). Patients in the Dermacell group were older (p=0.001) and more likely to have diabetes mellitus (p=0.001) compared to Alloderm and Surgimend patients. Other patient characteristics were similar between the three groups. The overall complication rate was equivalent between the three ADM groups (Alloderm 27% vs. Surgimend 33% vs. Dermacell 39%; p=0.209). Multivariable frailty models demonstrated that the type of ADM was not significantly associated with overall complications, infection, major complications, or device explantation. BREAST-Q satisfaction with the breast, psychosocial well-being, and sexual well-being were also similar between the three ADM groups (p=0.109, p=0.439, p=0.152, respectively).

Conclusions:
We found that three of the most commonly used ADMs in the United States have similar surgical outcomes and PROs when used for prepectoral IBR. No significant differences in infection, overall complication, and device removal rates were identified between Alloderm, Surgimend, and Dermacell.
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir Use With Tacrolimus in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single-center Case Series
Authors: Dewey Katherine W. , Yen Bo , Lazo Jose , Seijo Leslie , Jariwala Ripal , Shah Rupal J. , Quan David , Carpenter Bethanne , Paul Singer Jonathan , Breen Karen , Hays Steven , Florez Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Background.
Limited data and guidelines exist for using nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in solid organ transplant recipients stabilized on tacrolimus for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease. Concern exists regarding the impact of utilizing a 5-d course of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir with calcineurin inhibitors because of significant drug–drug interactions between ritonavir, a potent cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor, and other cytochrome P450 3A substrates, such as tacrolimus.

Methods.
We report the successful use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in 12 outpatient lung transplant recipients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection stabilized on tacrolimus immunosuppression. All patients stopped tacrolimus and started nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 10 to 14 h after the last dose of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus was withheld and then reinitiated at a modified dose 48 h following the completion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy. Tacrolimus trough levels were checked during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy and tacrolimus reinitiation.

Results.
Ten (10/12) patients were able to resume their original tacrolimus dose within 4 d of completing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy and maintain therapeutic levels of tacrolimus. No patients experienced tacrolimus toxicity or acute rejection during the 30-d postcompletion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy.

Conclusions.
In this cohort of lung transplant recipients on tacrolimus, we demonstrated that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir can be safely used with close monitoring of tacrolimus levels and appropriate dose adjustments of tacrolimus. Further confirmatory studies are needed to determine the appropriate use of therapeutic drug monitoring and tacrolimus dose following completion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in the solid organ transplant population.
Lung Transplantation for COVID-19 Pulmonary Sequelae
Authors: Kehara Hiromu , Mangukia Chirantan , Sunagawa Gengo , Iturra Sebastian A. , Yanagida Roh , Kashem Mohammed , Persidsky Yuri , Shenoy Kartik , Mamary Albert J. , Marchetti Nathaniel , Cordova Francis , Criner Gerard J. , Toyoda Yoshiya , Shigemura Norihisa 
Published: December 2022

Background.
The role of lung transplantation for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related lung failure is evolving as the pandemic persists.

Methods.
From January 2021 to April 2022, 20 patients (median age 62 y; range 31–77) underwent lung transplantation for COVID-related lung failure at our institution. We reviewed their clinical and intraoperative characteristics and early outcomes including postoperative complications.

Results.
Eleven patients (55%) had chronic lung disease when they contracted COVID-19. All 20 patients required hospitalization for antivirus treatment. Median lung allocation score was 74.7 (33.1–94.0). Thirteen patients (65%) underwent single-lung transplants, and 7 patients (35%) underwent double-lung transplants. Concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed in 2 (10%) patients because of severe coronary artery disease. Postoperatively, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was needed in 3 patients (15%) because of severe primary graft dysfunction; all were eventually weaned. Ten patients (50%) experienced deep venous thrombosis, and 1 eventually developed a major pulmonary embolus. The median intensive care unit stay and hospital stays were 6.5 d (3–44) and 18 d (7–77), respectively. During a median follow-up of 201 d (47–418), we experienced 1 late mortality due to COVID-19–related myocarditis. Among the 13 patients with single-lung transplant, 5 demonstrated improvement in their native lungs.

Conclusions.
Lung transplantation yielded favorable early outcomes in a heterogeneous patient cohort that included older patients, obese patients, and patients with coronary artery disease or preexisting chronic lung disease. Our data also shed light on the transforming role of lung transplantation for the pulmonary sequelae of a complex multisystem COVID-19 disorder.
Blue light promotes ascorbate synthesis by deactivating the PAS/LOV photoreceptor that inhibits GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase
Authors: Bournonville Céline , Mori Kentaro , Deslous Paul , Decros Guillaume , Blomeier Tim , Mauxion Jean-Philippe , Jorly Joana , Gadin Stéphanie , Cassan Cédric , Maucourt Mickael , Just Daniel , Brès Cécile , Rothan Christophe , Ferrand Carine , Fernandez-Lochu Lucie , Bataille Laure , Miura Kenji , Beven Laure , Zurbriggen Matias , Pétriacq Pierre , Gibon Yves , Baldet Pierre 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAscorbate (vitamin C) is one of the most essential antioxidants in fresh fruits and vegetables. To get insights into the regulation of ascorbate metabolism in plants, a mutant producing ascorbate-enriched fruits was studied. The causal mutation, identified by a mapping-by-sequencing strategy, corresponded to a knock-out recessive mutation in a new class of photoreceptor named PAS/LOV protein (PLP, Solyc05g07020), which acts as a negative regulator of ascorbate biosynthesis in tomato. This trait was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and further found in all plant organs, including fruit that accumulated 2-3 times more ascorbate than in the WT. The functional characterization revealed that PLP interacted with the two isoforms of GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP), known as the controlling step of the L-galactose pathway of ascorbate synthesis. The interaction with GGP occurred in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, but was abolished when PLP was mutated. These results were confirmed by an optogenetic approach using an animal cell system, which additionally demonstrated that blue light modulated the PLP-GGP interaction. Assays performedin vitrowith heterologously expressed GGP and PLP showed that PLP is a non-competitive inhibitor of GGP that is inactivated after blue light exposure. This discovery sheds light on the light-dependent regulation of ascorbate metabolism in plants.