bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colon injury and gastrocolocutaneous fistula complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Authors: Imbeth‐Acosta Pedro Luis , Martínez‐Ávila María Cristina , Pineda Paternina Mario Andrés , Mondol Almeida Zulay Margarita , Llanos Almario Kevin , de Jesús Blanquicett Diaz Alejandro , Meza Gamarra Kelly Carolina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion is an effective endoscopic procedure for enteral feeding in patients with difficulty swallowing. Many postprocedural complications have been reported after the PEG procedure. The displacement of the transverse colon over the anterior gastric wall can predispose the patient to colonic injury and fistulae during PEG placement. Gastrocolonic fistulas represent a serious but rare complication post PEG placement. We report a 90 year old man with a background of multiple comorbidities and high preoperative risk who developed a gastrocolocutaneous fistula post PEG placement due to a colonic injury. He was successfully treated with nonoperative management.
Transcriptome analysis revealed accumulation‐assimilation of selenium and physio‐biochemical changes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) leaves
Authors: Hu Huafeng , Hu Jinke , Wang Qingdong , Xiang Meiling , Zhang Yaru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelenium (Se) is an increasing concern for investigators predominantly because of its consumption in the human body mainly from crops. As the fourth largest plant crop globally, alfalfa is one of the most important forages. Alfalfa was fertilized with selenium(IV) (Se(IV)) under field conditions to study the accumulation and assimilation of Se(IV) and to assess the impact of Se fertilization.RESULTSIt was analyzed that the physio‐biochemistry, Se species, combined with transcriptome after spraying Se(IV) at different times (0, 12, and 48 h). 9402 and 12 607 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12 h (versus 0 h) and 48 h (versus 12 h). DEG functional enrichments proposed two time‐specific biological processes: Se(IV) accumulation was the primary process at 0–12 h, and its assimilation mainly occurred during 12–48 h. This was further proved by the separation of various Se speciation at different times. It showed that Se‐supplementation also affected the soluble protein, soluble sugar, pigment contents and antioxidant capacity. Selenium‐biofortification could improve the stress resistance of alfalfa by enhancing antioxidant system to scavenge reactive oxygen species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide) and boosting carbohydrate metabolism.CONCLUSIONBy integrating physio‐biochemistry, Se‐related metabolites, and transcriptome under Se(IV) treatment, this study provides data to guide further work on Se‐fortification in alfalfa. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 as a dispersive solid phase extraction sorbent for simultaneous determination of 145 pesticide residues in polyphenol‐rich plants
Authors: Zhu Telin , Qi Peipei , Wang Jiao , Di Shanshan , Wang Zhiwei , Xu Hao , Zhao Huiyu , Wang Qiang , Wang Xinquan , Zhang Chenghui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany plants have a high polyphenol content, which causes the matrix effect and makes the analysis of trace pesticide residues highly challenging. A common approach to improving matrix effects is to purify pesticides through the use of sorbents, but this requires a combination of multiple sorbents and extensive use. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 is widely used for pesticide analysis due to its high porosity, large specific surface area, and versatility. Here, we established and validated a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method based on a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 that was used to test the removal ability for polyphenols. To this end, 145 pesticide residues in peppermint, perilla, fennel, and mulberry leaves were analyzed by the modified method coupled with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The mean recoveries of all pesticide residues were in the range of 74.3–103.7%, with mean relative standard deviations ≤9.1% at spiked concentrations of 1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg for mulberry leaves. The limits of quantitation of the method ranged from 1 to 50 μg/kg. This study offers a reliable approach for the accurate quantitative analysis of various trace substances in the polyphenol‐rich plants.
Springtime phytoplankton responses to light and iron availability along the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Joy‐Warren Hannah L. , Alderkamp Anne‐Carlijn , van Dijken Gert L. , J. Jabre Loay , Bertrand Erin M. , Baldonado Evan N. , Glickman Molly W. , Lewis Kate M. , Middag Rob , Seyitmuhammedov Kyyas , Lowry Kate E. , van de Poll Willem , Arrigo Kevin R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLight and iron availability are intertwined in controlling Southern Ocean primary production because several photosynthetic proteins require iron. Changes in light and iron availability can also affect phytoplankton species composition, which impacts nutrient cycling, carbon drawdown, and food web structure. To investigate the interactive effects of light and iron on phytoplankton growth, photosynthesis, photoacclimation strategy, micronutrient stress‐induced protein expression, and species composition, we conducted five bioassay experiments during spring in waters along the western Antarctic Peninsula with four treatments: low light (LL) or high light (HL) combined with or without iron addition. This region has rarely been studied in spring. We found that light limits growth while iron does not, despite overall low iron concentrations. Our results demonstrate that phytoplankton were LL acclimated in situ but photosynthetically optimized for higher light than they were experiencing, likely due to a highly dynamic light regime. Expression patterns of micronutrient stress‐induced proteins were consistent with iron stress in off‐shelf regions, but remarkably this iron stress did not result in lower carbon fixation and growth rates. Notably, manganese drawdown was highest under elevated light, suggesting a possible role in managing HL, although high flavodoxin expression indicated that Phaeocystis antarctica may not have been manganese‐limited. Although light and iron treatments did not impact species composition, high methionine synthase indicated that diatoms could have experienced stress induced by low vitamin B12, potentially contributing to P. antarctica's general dominance throughout the experiments. Our results indicate that P. antarctica may be better adapted to spring conditions than diatoms.
Spatiotemporal Differentiators Generating Optical Vortices with Transverse Orbital Angular Momentum and Detecting Sharp Change of Pulse Envelope
Authors: Huang Junyi , Zhang Jiahao , Zhu Tengfeng , Ruan Zhichao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a new degree of freedom for optical manipulation, recently, spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) carrying transverse orbital angular momentums have been experimentally demonstrated with pulse shapers. Here, a spatiotemporal differentiator is proposed to generate STOVs with transverse orbital angular momentum. In order to create phase singularity in the spatiotemporal domain, the spatiotemporal differentiator is designed by breaking spatial mirror symmetry. In contrast to pulse shapers, the device proposed here is a simple one‐dimensional periodic nanostructure and thus it is much more compact. For a normal incident pulse, the differentiator generates a transmitted STOV pulse with transverse orbital angular momentum. Furthermore, the interference of the generated STOVs can be used to detect the sharp changes of pulse envelopes, in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
Utility of the Huntington's Disease Prognostic Index Score for a Perimanifest Clinical Trial
Authors: Langbehn Douglas R. , Fine Elisabeth M. , Meier Andreas , Hersch Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubtle neurodegenerative motor and cognitive impairments accumulate over a prodromal period several years before clinical diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD). The inclusion of prodromal individuals in therapeutic trials would facilitate testing of therapies early in the disease course and the development of treatments intended to prevent or delay disability.ObjectivesWe evaluate the normalized prognostic index (PIN) score as a tool to select participants for a perimanifest trial. We explore anticipated PIN‐based inclusion rates from the preHD screening population and estimate sample‐size requirements based on PIN threshold, trial duration, and outcome measure.MethodsIndividual participant data from ENROLL‐HD were used to fit mixed effect linear models to assess longitudinal changes in clinical metrics for participants with early‐manifest HD and PIN‐stratified preHD subcohorts.ResultsA PIN threshold of 0.0 was met by 40% of the preHD participants in ENROLL‐HD; 39.4% and 55.2% progressed to new diagnoses of early‐manifest HD within 2 and 3 years, respectively. Various PIN thresholds also enabled the selection of specified ratios of prodromal preHD to early manifest HD participants for a perimanifest trial. Estimated sample sizes for a trial enrolling prodromal preHD (PIN > 0.0) and stage 1 and 2 motor‐diagnosed participants varied depending on the composition of the screening pool, the length of follow‐up (1, 2, or 3 years), and outcome measure.ConclusionsThe composition of a perimanifest clinical trial population can be defined using preselected PIN thresholds, facilitating the assessment of potential disease‐modifying therapies in HD. © 2022 Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Quantized optimal output feedback control and optimal triggering signal co‐design for unknown discrete‐time nonlinear systems
Authors: Han Xiumei , Hao Mengnan , Li Peng , Zhao Xudong , Xu Ning 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA problem of optimizing the cost function incorporated into the transmission cost is proposed for completely unknown discrete‐time systems in this article. At first, a switched system containing two modes is formulated based on whether the triggering is executed or not, and the corresponding cost function and output feedback control law are also derived. By giving the formulated switched system, the triggering signal turns into the switching signal and the proposed problem is converted into an optimal control problem for the formulated discrete‐time switched system. Secondly, a model network is presented to approximate the system dynamic since the dynamic model is completely unknown. Thirdly, in view of ADP‐based optimal control methods of switched systems, critic and actor networks are applied respectively to approximate the optimal cost function and the optimal output feedback control law, and a PI‐based online learning method is proposed. When weights of critic and actor networks are obtained and implemented through the proposed online learning method, the optimal triggering signal is derived. Fourthly, the convergent property is given to guarantee the obtained results are optimal. At last, the validity of the proposed method is shown by simulation results of two examples.
Biologic characterization of ABCA3 variants in lung tissue from infants and children with ABCA3 deficiency
Authors: Xu Kathryn K. , Wegner Daniel J. , Geurts Lucille C. , Heins Hillary B. , Yang Ping , Hamvas Aaron , Eghtesady Pirooz , Sweet Stuart C. , Sessions Cole F. , Wambach Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractABCA3 is a phospholipid transporter protein required for surfactant assembly in lamellar bodies of alveolar type II cells. Biallelic pathogenic ABCA3 variants cause severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome or childhood interstitial lung disease. However, ABCA3 genotype alone does not explain the diversity in disease presentation, severity, and progression. Additionally, monoallelic ABCA3 variants have been reported in infants and children with ABCA3‐deficient phenotypes. The effects of most ABCA3 variants identified in patients have not been characterized at the RNA level. ABCA3 allele‐specific expression occurs in some cell types due to epigenetic regulation. We obtained lung tissue at transplant or autopsy from 16 infants and children with ABCA3 deficiency due to compound heterozygous ABCA3 variants for biologic characterization of the predicted effects of ABCA3 variants at the RNA level and determination of ABCA3 allele expression. We extracted DNA and RNA from frozen lung tissue and reverse‐transcribed cDNA from mRNA. We performed Sanger sequencing to assess allele‐specific expression by comparing the heights of variant nucleotide peaks in amplicons from genomic DNA and cDNA. We found similar genomic and cDNA variant nucleotide peak heights and no evidence of allele‐specific expression among explant or autopsy samples with biallelic missense ABCA3 variants (n = 6). We observed allele‐specific expression of missense alleles in trans with frameshift (n = 4) or nonsense (n = 1) variants, attributable to nonsense‐mediated decay. The missense variant c.53 A > G;p.Gln18Arg, located near an exon‐intron junction, encoded abnormal splicing with skipping of exon 4. Biologic characterization of ABCA3 variants can inform discovery of variant‐specific disease mechanisms.
Predicting resilience and stability of early second‐growth forests
Authors: Maure Lucas Andrigo , Diniz Milena Fiuza , Coelho Marco Túlio Pacheco , Souza de Oliveira Marina P. , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , da Silva Fernando Rodrigues , Hasui Érica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentifying deforested areas with high potential for natural forest recovery can be used as an aid for ecological restoration projects at large‐scale. However, accurate predictions that infer the resilience (i.e. recovery rate after deforestation) and stability (i.e. the ability of the ecosystem to maintain its functions) of early second‐growth forests are scarce at a regional scale. Here, we investigated the effect of climate, soil and topography on the resilience and stability of 165 early second‐growth forests throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We also built prediction maps of potential resilience and stability to identify where reforestation could be optimized in the early stages of forest succession. We assessed the resilience and stability through an interannual plant primary productivity time series using a normalized difference vegetation index. Our analysis reveals that resilience was mainly associated with isothermality (i.e. diurnal temperature oscillation relative to the annual temperature oscillation) and precipitation of the warmest quarter. In turn, stability was mainly associated with the probability of bedrock occurrence, annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality. The prediction maps show a spatial pattern in which potential resilience and stability increase from north to south of the Atlantic Forest. Forest restoration can be optimized in regions with high potential resilience and stability, such as an isolated area on the north coast in the Bahia state and the southern region. However, restoration may require active practices and management in regions with low potential for both ecosystem properties, such as the north inland in the Bahia and Minas Gerais states. This ecosystemic approach can help achieve Atlantic Forest restoration commitments.
Break on Through: The Role of Innate Immunity and Barrier Defence in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis
Authors: Hawerkamp H. C. , Fahy C. M. R. , Fallon P. G. , Schwartz C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The human skin can be affected by a multitude of diseases including inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Here, we describe how skin barrier integrity and immunity become dysregulated during these two most common inflammatory skin conditions. We summarise recent advances made in the field of the skin innate immune system and its interaction with adaptive immunity. We review gene variants associated with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis that affect innate immune mechanisms and skin barrier integrity. Finally, we discuss how current and future therapies may affect innate immune responses and skin barrier integrity in a generalized or more targeted approach in order to ameliorate disease in patients.
Chaos as a Software Product Line—A platform for improving open hybrid‐cloud systems resiliency
Authors: Camacho Carlos , Cañizares Pablo C. , Llana Luis , Núñez Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, cloud‐native software architectures have a significant relevance due to the speed and agility they provide. These properties lead relevant organizations in different industries, like video streaming (Netflix), car‐sharing (Uber, Cabify), banking (BBVA, HSBC), and governmental agencies (NASA, FBI, CERN, ESA) to heavily rely on cloud‐native software to run their business‐critical applications. Additionally, including fault injection actions in the production infrastructure allows companies to have consistent environments, to improve applications dependability against unexpected failures, to provide better user experience, and to improve the overall system quality. Thus, cloud computing technologies allow development teams to rapidly create complex systems and to continuously deploy them, at a global scale. This work describes Pystol, a novel fault injection platform—represented as a Software Product Line—to analyze the effects caused by a wide spectrum of adverse conditions. Pystol is designed to be executed on top of cloud‐native environments, either in private or public clouds. The proposed architecture shows a way for representing feature models based on Unified Model Language (in short, UML) component diagrams. Furthermore, we present a thorough empirical study carried out in real‐world environments, providing promising results.
Improving test automation maturity: A multivocal literature review
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Mäntylä Mika V. , Liu Zihao , Markkula Jouni , Raulamo‐jurvanen Päivi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMature test automation is key for achieving software quality at speed. In this paper, we present a multivocal literature review with the objective to survey and synthesize the guidelines given in the literature for improving test automation maturity. We selected and reviewed 81 primary studies, consisting of 26 academic literature and 55 grey literature sources. From primary studies, we extracted 26 test automation best practices (e.g., Define an effective test automation strategy, Set up good test environments, and Develop high‐quality test scripts) and collected many pieces of advice (e.g., in forms of implementation/improvement approaches, technical techniques, concepts, and experience‐based heuristics) on how to conduct these best practices. We made main observations: (1) There are only six best practices whose positive effect on maturity improvement have been evaluated by academic studies using formal empirical methods; (2) several technical related best practices in this MLR were not presented in test maturity models; (3) some best practices can be linked to success factors and maturity impediments proposed by other scholars; (4) most pieces of advice on how to conduct proposed best practices were identified from experience studies and their effectiveness need to be further evaluated with cross‐site empirical evidence using formal empirical methods; (5) in the literature, some advice on how to conduct certain best practices are conflicting, and some advice on how to conduct certain best practices still need further qualitative analysis.
Selected physico-chemical properties of composite scaffolds of sintered submicrocrystalline corundum and bioglass
Authors: Staniewicz-Brudnik Barbara , Karolus Małgorzata , Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna , Skrabalak Grzegorz , Laszkiewicz-Łukasik Jolanta , Drukała Justyna , Stalińska Joanna , Dziedzic Katarzyna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPresented paper contains description and interpretation of the results of selected physicochemical and structural properties of two types of composite sinters. They were constituted of a mixture of sintered microcrystalline corundum and bioglass CaO-P2O5-SiO2-Na2O system intended for scaffolds to cell culture of human chondrocytes. The composites contained a mixture of both above-mentioned components in the volumetric proportion of 50:50 (W5) and 30:70 (W7). They were obtained using powder metallurgy by free sintering in air atmosphere. Phase analysis of composites and verification of theoretical identification using X-ray diffraction were performed. The same phases were found in both cases (Al2O3SiO2CaAl2Si2O8, Ca3(PO4)2, Ca2Al4O7and NaAlSiO4). Microscopic tests of composite surfaces were performed and some differences were found. W5 sample was not completely covered with bioglass, whilst W7 sample was completely covered with bioglass with few fine pores. Tests of surface topography confirmed the presence of large and small pores. Composite surfaces immersed for 30 days in artificial blood plasma were tested and then electron microscopy analysis was performed. It was found that no significant changes occurred on the surface of the W5 composite, probably partial corrosion of the glass happened. Spherical forms characteristic of HA-hydroxyapatites were observed on the surface of sample W7. Human articular chondrocyte cells were seeded on both types of sinters and proliferation assay was performed. Results indicate that tested scaffolds support cellular attachment and proliferation of chondrocytes.
Untersuchung der FRT-Fähigkeit eines Hydrogenerators unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Back-Swing-Effekts
Authors: Brankovic Darko , Schürhuber Robert , Renner Herwig 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungStabilitätsuntersuchungen sind seit Langem ein wichtiges Thema im Netzbetrieb und helfen, einen sicheren Betrieb des Netzes zu gewährleisten. Methoden zur Verifikation der Stabilität sind in den Netzanschlussbedingungen [1–7] definiert und umfassen unter anderem die Überprüfung der Fault Ride Through(FRT)-Fähigkeit von Stromerzeugungsanlagen, d. h. die Fähigkeit der Anlagen, bei definierten Spannungseinbrüchen ohne Verlust ihrer Stabilität mit dem Netz verbunden zu bleiben. Diese Verifikation geschieht oft durch Simulation, bei größeren Anlagen (rund > 10 MW) ist dies stets der Fall. Bei kleineren Anlagen ist es vor allem dann die übliche Vorgehensweise, wenn es sich um eine projektspezifisch ausgelegte Anlage handelt, was etwa bei Wasserkraftanlagen den Regelfall darstellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene Methoden zur Untersuchung der FRT-Fähigkeit analysiert. Es werden zwei verschiedene Ansätze zum Erzeugen eines Spannungseinbruches überprüft, welche den FRT wesentlich beeinflussen und damit auch zu einem unterschiedlichen Anlagenverhalten führen. Einerseits wird der Spannungseinbruch durch eine geregelte Fehlerimpedanz am Netzanschlusspunkt verursacht, andererseits erfolgt die Simulation eines Spannungseinbruches durch die Modifikation der das Netz darstellenden Ersatzspannungsquelle. Schließlich werden im Artikel auch die Parameter der Ersatzschaltung identifiziert und analysiert, welche einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die FRT-Fähigkeit haben.