bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Migrasi Sirkuler terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Migran
Authors: Siti Vina Rahma Septiani  , Martua Sihaloho  , Rai Sita  
Published: January 2022

Keputusan melakukan migrasi dipengaruhi oleh beragam faktor. Selain faktor di daerah asal, pandangan terhadap daerah tujuan migrasi pun memainkan peran penting. Perubahan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang positif menjadi hal yang didambakan oleh para pelaku migrasi, mengingat alasan umum yang mendasari peristiwa migrasi adalah faktor ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pengaruh migrasi sirkuler terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi rumah tangga migran. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif didukung pendekatan kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan metode penelitian survei dan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan wawancara mendalam serta studi literatur. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan tingkat partisipasi dan tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga migran terhadap rumah tangga nonmigran. Sementara itu, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara kondisi rumah tinggal dan kepemilikan aset antara rumah tangga migran dengan rumah tangga nonmigran.
Kata kunci: Kondisi sosial ekonomi, Migrasi sirkuler, Rumah tangga migran
Nursing students’ perception toward their learning environment
Authors: Samson Priscilla , Pun Khagi Maya , Poudel Ambika , Panthee Bimala 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The quality of the learning environment is indicative of the effectiveness of an educational program on student learning, motivation, and learning outcomes. Students' perception of their learning environment may act as a basis for making necessary modifications for ensuring quality assurance. This study aimed to assess the perception of nursing students towards their learning environment.
Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020 among nursing students from Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was used for an online survey via Google form. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate students' learning perception; a one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference across four programs. The difference between first and final-year students' perceptions was tested using a t-test.
Result: Out of 289 participants, 200(69.2%) perceived their learning environment as more positive than negative. The mean score was 142.64 on the DREEM global score of 200. There was a significant difference in the perceptions in all the subscales across four nursing programs (p<0.05) except in the learning subscale (p=0.24). There was a significant difference in perception between first and final-year students across five subscales (p<0.05) except for social self-perception (p=0.85).
Conclusion: The study revealed that more than half of the nursing students perceived their learning environment as more positive than negative. There was a statistically significant difference in perception across all the nursing programs and between first and final-year students.
Evaluating diversity in neurosurgery through the use of a multidimensional statistical model: a pilot study
Authors: Borden Jonathan H. , Mahajan Uma V. , Eyasu Lud , Holden William , Shaw Brian , Callas Peter , Benzil Deborah L. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the benefits of diversity across many domains. However, neurosurgery consistently lags most of medicine in many aspects of diversity. Any inability to make progress in this arena is likely due to the multifactorial and complex nature of the issue, which makes it difficult to meaningfully measure and track diversity within the workforce. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the utilization of a multidimensional statistical model to quantify and assess diversity within neurosurgery. The authors sought to 1) assess the diversity of neurosurgery residents using Simpson’s Diversity Index and Sullivan’s Composite Diversity Index (CDI) and 2) determine if a medical school’s intrinsic academic opportunities and resources, indicated by US News & World Report’s (USNWR’s) best research medical schools ranking, are related to the number of neurosurgery residents produced per medical school.

METHODS
A cross-sectional study of all neurosurgery residents (projected graduation years 2020–2026) and 1st-year medical students (matriculating years 2016–2019) was undertaken. Biographical diversity data (gender and matriculation data) were collected from institutional websites between December 2019 and June 2020. The CDI expresses the diversity of a given population by representing the effective proportion of categories present across all diversity attributes and was calculated for neurosurgery residents and medical students. Statistical results are reported as the median and interquartile range.

RESULTS
Neurosurgery residency program CDI (0.21, IQR 0.16–0.25) was significantly less (p < 0.001) than medical school CDI (0.42, 0.37–0.48). There was no significant difference in CDI between top-40 and non–top 40 Doximity ranked research output neurosurgery residency programs (p = 0.35) or between top-40 and non–top 40 USNWR ranked research medical schools (p = 0.11). Over a 7-year period, top-40 ranked research medical schools produced significantly more (p < 0.001) neurosurgery residents (11.9, IQR 7.1–18.9) than the non–top 40 ranked research medical schools (5.6, IQR 2.6–8.5).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors demonstrated the feasibility of using a multidimensional statistical model as a measure to understand the complex issues of diversity. Their preliminary data suggested that neurosurgery’s challenge in achieving the desired diversity relates to uneven attraction and/or recruitment across an increasingly diverse medical student body. In recent years, neurosurgery has made great progress in the arena of diversity and has shown a strong desire to do more. Utilization of these diversity measures will help the neurosurgery field to monitor progress along this valuable journey.
Stability of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the anterior circulation: nomogram models for risk assessment
Authors: Liu Qingyuan , Leng Xinyi , Yang Junhua , Yang Yi , Jiang Pengjun , Li Maogui , Mo Shaohua , Yang Shuzhe , Wu Jun , He Hongwei , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The probable stability of the lesion is critical in guiding treatment decisions in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs). The authors aimed to develop multidimensional predictive models for the stability of unruptured IAs.

METHODS
Patients with unruptured IAs in the anterior circulation were prospectively enrolled and regularly followed up. Clinical data were collected, IA morphological features were assessed, and adjacent hemodynamic features were quantified with patient-specific computational fluid dynamics modeling. Based on multivariate logistic regression analyses, nomograms incorporating these factors were developed in a primary cohort (patients enrolled between January 2017 and February 2018) to predict aneurysm rupture or growth within 2 years. The predictive accuracies of the nomograms were compared with the population, hypertension, age, size, earlier rupture, and site (PHASES) and earlier subarachnoid hemorrhage, location, age, population, size, and shape (ELAPSS) scores and validated in the validation cohort (patients enrolled between March and October 2018).

RESULTS
Among 231 patients with 272 unruptured IAs in the primary cohort, hypertension, aneurysm location, irregular shape, size ratio, normalized wall shear stress average, and relative resident time were independently related to the 2-year stability of unruptured IAs. The nomogram including clinical, morphological, and hemodynamic features (C+M+H nomogram) had the highest predictive accuracy (c-statistic 0.94), followed by the nomogram including clinical and morphological features (C+M nomogram; c-statistic 0.89), PHASES score (c-statistic 0.68), and ELAPSS score (c-statistic 0.58). Similarly, the C+M+H nomogram had the highest predictive accuracy (c-statistic 0.94) in the validation cohort (85 patients with 97 unruptured IAs).

CONCLUSIONS
Hemodynamics have predictive values for 2-year stability of unruptured IAs treated conservatively. Multidimensional nomograms have significantly higher predictive accuracies than conventional risk prediction scores.
Surgical outcomes and longitudinal quality of life after endoscopic endonasal surgery for anterior skull base meningioma
Authors: Castle-Kirszbaum Mendel , Kam Jeremy , Dixon Benjamin , Goldschlager Tony , King James , Wang Yi Yuen 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to establish the effect of endoscopic endonasal surgery on longitudinal quality of life (QOL) in patients with anterior skull base meningioma.

METHODS
A prospectively collected cohort of consecutively operated anterior skull base meningiomas was analyzed. All cases were performed using the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). Sinonasal-specific and overall QOL were measured using the 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test and the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire longitudinally (at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months) across the first postoperative year. The relationship between surgical and QOL outcomes to clinical and radiological characteristics was analyzed using multivariate regression.

RESULTS
Fifty cases were available, with a mean age of 61.5 years and female predominance (74.0%). Visual dysfunction and headache were the most common presenting symptoms, and tumors commonly took origin from the planum (46.0%), tuberculum (44.0%), and olfactory groove (24.0%). Median tumor volume was 4.6 cm3. Visual improvement was noted in 73.1% of cases with preoperative field deficits, while nonimprovement was associated with greater tumor height (p = 0.04). Gross-total resection was not possible in patients with 360° vessel encasement and high-grade cavernous sinus extension with ophthalmoplegia. Postoperative diabetes insipidus was observed only in cases with suprasellar extension. Sinonasal-specific QOL worsened transiently after surgery but returned to baseline levels after 3 weeks. Olfaction and taste scores returned to preoperative baseline scores within the year. Overall QOL at presentation was worse in those with larger tumors (p = 0.04) and visual failure (p = 0.04) and better in those presenting with headache (p = 0.04). Transient worsening of QOL was seen in the first 3 weeks, which returned to baseline by 6 weeks, and then improved to above preoperative levels at 6 months and beyond. Worse QOL at baseline (p = 0.01) and visual improvement (p = 0.01) predicted QOL improvement after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Longitudinal QOL in anterior skull base meningioma has been examined for the first time. Endoscopic endonasal surgery improves overall QOL after a transient 3-week worsening due to the sinonasal morbidity of the approach. Visual function is intimately tied to QOL, with worse vision associated with worse preoperative QOL, and QOL improving in parallel with visual restoration after surgery. The EEA is associated with better visual outcomes and should be the preferred approach in accessible tumors.
SISI GELAP DARI RETURN SAHAM DI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA: LIKUIDITAS, DAN RISIKO SISTEMATIS
Authors: Sari Laynita , Nardo Rio 
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a serious impact on investment activities in Indonesia. One of the aspects of concern in the midst of the coronavirus outbreak is the decrease in investor interest in capital market activities in Indonesia. Therefore, it can be predicted that there is a potential decrease in the level of profit (return) that will be received by shareholders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of liquidity and systematic risks on returns. The analysis tool used to test the influence between panel variables is the analysis of panel data regression. The findings of this study are that liquidation has no significant effect on the return of company shares. In addition, the second finding proves that systematic risk has a positive and significant effect on the return of the company's shares. Our findings are reinforced by the results of robustness test statistically, which confirms that companies that have a high beta value, then the return of the company's shares will tend to be high.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Russian Concept for the Development of Production and Use of Electric Vehicles Until 2030
Authors: Iosifov Valeriy I. , Ratner Pavel D. 
Published: January 2022

Russia has not yet paid due attention to the issues of the transition to electric transport. Only in August 2021, the Russian Government approved a Concept for the development of production and use of electric road transport in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. The aim of this study is analysis the Concept from the point of view of world experience in stimulating the development of the electric vehicle market. The study showed that the most elaborated directions of the Concept for the development of production and use of electric road transport in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 are the direction of creating a national production of batteries and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as the direction of creating national production facilities and localizing foreign production of electric vehicles, including cars with hydrogen fuel cells. The least developed direction of the Concept is the direction of creating a national base for certification and testing of electric vehicles, which indicates the problem of a lack of competencies in the scientific and technical sphere.
Energy Mix Optimization from Energy Security Perspective Based on Stochastic Models
Authors: Maman Yaser Kanani , Maleki Abbas 
Published: January 2022

As a problem, generally, energy security components do not interfere with the calculation of the optimal energy supply situation. Energy security indices so-called 'passive indices' cannot illustrate comprehensive optimal situation. In this paper, we are looking to find a solution to make a framework of the impact of energy security on energy supply in order to obtain comprehensive analysis of the economic optimal point. Method is based on the competition of energy costs to meet demand during the study period. Threats that have been addressed in the energy security are seen as risky and stochastic parameters in the model. The nature of these parameters is of uncertainty type, therefore, based on the probable scenarios of the stochastic model, the perspective of the energy supply system is drawn up based optimizing the supply of different carrier energy. We apply this method on Iran's import of gasoline as a national threat of energy supply. According to the results, in the period when there are threats of energy imports, energy storage is a low-cost and safe way to compensate for the damage caused by threats. Assuming an annual growth of 5%, capacity can be increased to 8 million barrels during the threat period. The optimal index varies in this period between 0.04 and 0.06.
The Portryal of Christianity in Achebe’s Arrow of God: A Postcolonial Perspective
Authors: Tatang Iskarna  
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of postcolonial criticism makes the voice of Africans’ colonial experience heard and seriously considered. In some ways, this voice is a little bit different from what the European poets or novelists have expressed in their literary texts. For most Europeans, colonialism is perceived as a civilizing force that benefits and progresses to the colonized African societies, primarily through one of its arms: Christianity. Although this religion, as most missionaries propose, has nothing to do with the worldly affair, such as a lust for natural resources and colony, it becomes an important cultural element to help the Europeans conquer the colonized African natives. During the era of colonialism, Christianity in Western discourse is perceived as a means of setting the African natives free from the barbaric traditional belief and savage way of life. Through Christianity, the colonized African natives are educated and taught to live a more modern and civilized life. However, some African writers at times give a different perspective on Christianity. This article explores how Christianity is portrayed through the characters and conflicts in Arrow of God (1964), a novel written by a Nigerian named Chinua Achebe. This portrayal can lead to a postcolonial discourse the novel intends to propose.
Keywords: Christianity, colonialism, postcolonial criticism, postcolonial discourse
Abstrak
Munculnya kritik sastra poskolonial menjadikan suara yang mengekspresikan pengalaman kolonialisme dapat didengar dan sungguh-sungguh dapat diberi perhatian. Suara ini dalam beberapa hal agak eberbeda dengan apa yang disampaikan oleh novelis dan penyair Eropa dalam karya-karya mereka. Bagi kebanyakan orang Eropa, kolonialisme dipandang sebagai kekuatan pemberadaban yang dapat memberikan keuntungan dan kemajuan bagi masyarakat Afrika yang terjajah, terutama melalui salah satu tangan kanannya, yaitu agama Kristen. Meskipun agama ini tidak terkait dengan urusan nafsu dunia, seperti keinginan untuk menguasai sumber daya alam maupun tanah koloni seperti yang sering dikatakan oleh para misionaris, agama ini menjadi elemen penting untuk membantu kaum kolonial Eropa manaklukkan orang-orang pribumi Afrika. Selama masa kolonial, agama Kristen dalam wacana Barat dipandang sebagai media untuk membebaskan orangorang Afria dari kepercayaan tradisional yang barbar dan cara hidup yang tidak beradab. Melalui agama ini, orang-orang pribumi Afrika dididik dan diajar untuk menghidupi kehidupan yang lebih modern dan beradab. Namun demikian, beberapa sastrawan Afrika memberikan perspektif yang berbeda terhadap agama Kristen. Artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana agama Kristen digambarkan melalui tokoh dan konflik dalam novel Arrow of God (1964) karya sastrawan Nigeria, Chinua Achebe. Gambaran ini akan menuntun pembaca pada wacana poskolonial yang dibangun oleh novel ini.
Kata kunci: Agama Kristen, kolonialisme, kritik sastra poskolonial, wacana poskolonia
Cotton production trends in Pakistan: An integrative review
Authors: Mehmood Ch Khalid , Ashraf Saleem , Ashraf Ijaz 
Published: January 2022

Cotton is regarded as a cash crop in Pakistan and the country is ranked 5th in terms of production and 3rd importer in the world as well. Cotton production in Pakistan is under huge pressure and it's continuously declining over the period. This review aimed at exploring the different reasons for the cotton production decline. This review comprises two major sections. In the first section, percentage change in area, production and yield of cotton in Punjab, Sindh and Pakistan is calculated from 1990-2020. This analysis indicated a drastic decline in area, production and the average yield of cotton in the country. In the second section, previously published literature is consolidated to explore the different constraints causing change in the area, production and average yield of cotton. The major constraints causing the sweeping decline included environmental constraints, climate change, water-related constraints, agronomic constraints and socio-economic related constraints. This study concludes that cotton crop decline is not in favor of cotton associated industry, farming groups and national economy and it is much needed to bring reforms for the revival of cotton crop. This study urges further research on exploring the reasons that are compelling farmers to reduce the cotton area, quitting cotton cultivation or switching to other crops.
Efficiency of a Novel Multifunctional Corrosion Inhibitor Against Biofilms Developed on Carbon Steel
Authors: Tuck Benjamin , Leinecker Nadia , Watkin Elizabeth , Somers Anthony , Forsyth Maria , Machuca Laura L. 
Published: January 2022

In natural environments, populations of microorganisms rapidly colonise surfaces forming biofilms. These sessile communities comprise a variety of species which contribute to biofouling and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), especially on metals. Species heterogeneity in natural systems confers higher tolerance to adverse conditions such as biocide treatment compared with single species laboratory simulations. Effective chemical treatments to combat recalcitrant biofilms are often dangerous to apply; both to operators and the environment, and face international embargoes. Today, there is a drive to exchange current toxic and environmentally hazardous biocides with less harmful compounds. One effective method of achieving this goal is to generate multi-functional compounds capable of tackling corrosion and biofilm formation simultaneously, thus reducing the number of compounds in dosing procedures. In a previous study, a novel corrosion inhibitor demonstrated biocidal effects against three marine isolates during the early stages of biofilm formation. The compound; CTA-4OHcinn, holds great promise as a multi-functional inhibitor, however its effect on complex, multi-species biofilms remains unknown. Here we evaluate CTA-4OHcinn biocidal capacity against multi-species biofilms developed from oilfield samples. Mature biofilms were developed and treated with 10 mM CTA-4OHcinn for 4 h. The effects of the compound were assessed using mean probable number (MPN), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) quantification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results demonstrate that CTA-4OHcinn significantly reduces the viability of mature biofilms, supporting previous demonstrations on the secondary function of CTA-4OHcinn as a biocide. CLSM results further indicate that CTA-4OHcinn targets the cell membrane resulting in lysis. This finding complements the established corrosion inhibition function of CTA-4OHcinn, indicating the compound is a true multi-functional organic corrosion inhibitor.