bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Port Design Minimizing Standing Waves with A Posteriori Long Term Shoreline Sustainability Analysis
Authors: Cook Megan , Bouchette Frédéric , Mohammadi Bijan , Sprunck Léa , Fraysse Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptimization theory is applied to a coastal engineering problem that is the design of a port. This approach was applied to the redesign of La Turballe Port in order to increase the exploitable surface area and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of long waves within the port. Having defined the cost function as a weighted function of wave amplitude and with the chosen parameterization of the port, results show that an extended jetty and a widened mole yield a unique optimal solution. This work demonstrates that numerical optimization may be quick and efficient in the identification of port solutions consistent with classic engineering even in the context of complex problems.
Appropriateness of MRI Requests for Low Back Pain and Neck Pain
Authors: Marion-Moffet Hugo , Bocti Christian , Evoy François 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:There is a high prevalence of low back pain and neck pain in Canada, and a large proportion can be treated without spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that there is overuse of lumbar and cervical spine MRI. The primary objective was to describe the proportion of appropriate, possibly appropriate, and inappropriate MRI requests for low back pain and neck pain.Methods:We conducted a retrospective observational study in the electromyography (EMG) clinic in Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke. All ambulatory cases of low back pain or neck pain who had an EMG evaluation and a request of lumbar and/or cervical spine MRI between March 1, 2018, and May 31, 2018, were analyzed. One hundred and twenty MRI orders were classified as appropriate, possibly appropriate, and inappropriate according to the interactive decision support guide of Institut National d’Excellence en Santé et Services Sociaux for optimal use of MRI.Results:Sixty-three requests (53%) were classified as inappropriate, with a higher proportion in the cervical group (34 (64%)) than the lumbar group (28 (43%)). Appropriate and possibly appropriate requests were 19 (16%) and 38 (31%), respectively. The subgroup with an MRI ordered within 90 days of symptom onset had a similar proportion of inappropriate use.Interpretation:Our study demonstrates that despite recommendations against ordering spine MRI in low back pain or neck pain without red flags, there is an overuse of this imaging modality in our region, contributing to the delay in MRI access for appropriate indications.
Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Hysteresis in Rocks
Authors: Hua Dongjie , Jiang Qinghui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHysteresis in rock is considered to be as one of the basic possible material behaviors. McCall and Guyer treat rocks as materials consisting of hysteretic mesoscopic elastic units (HMEU). Hysteresis with discrete memory can be well reflected by the density of HMEU in Preisach‐Mayergoyz space (PM space). However, this model is limited to one‐dimensional case and unable to obtain all the six components of strain tensor. We revisit and extend their model to three‐dimensional case by introducing a type of initially closed crack, and by redefining the hysteretic behavior of the initially open/closed mesoscopic cracks. Together with the directional probability density function E(n), our analysis leads to an explicit expression of the strain tensor of a rock under triaxial loading/unloading. The ratio of closed cracks, the direction of cracks and a parameter related to the equilibrium length of cracks are included in this three‐dimensional model.
Widespread choroid plexus contamination in sampling and profiling of brain tissue
Authors: Olney Kimberly C. , Todd Kennedi T. , Pallegar Praveen N. , Jensen Tanner D. , Cadiz Mika P. , Gibson Katelin A. , Barnett Joseph H. , de Ávila Camila , Bouchal Samantha M. , Rabichow Benjamin E. , Ding Zonghui , Wojtas Aleksandra M. , Wilson Melissa A. , Fryer John D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe choroid plexus, a tissue responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid, is found predominantly in the lateral and fourth ventricles of the brain. This highly vascularized and ciliated tissue is made up of specialized epithelial cells and capillary networks surrounded by connective tissue. Given the complex structure of the choroid plexus, this can potentially result in contamination during routine tissue dissection. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing studies, as well as genome-wide in situ hybridization experiments (Allen Brain Atlas), have identified several canonical markers of choroid plexus such as Ttr, Folr1, and Prlr. We used the Ttr gene as a marker to query the Gene Expression Omnibus database for transcriptome studies of brain tissue and identified at least some level of likely choroid contamination in numerous studies that could have potentially confounded data analysis and interpretation. We also analyzed transcriptomic datasets from human samples from Allen Brain Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and found abundant choroid contamination, with regions in closer proximity to choroid more likely to be impacted such as hippocampus, cervical spinal cord, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, and amygdala. In addition, analysis of both the Allen Brain Atlas and GTEx datasets for differentially expressed genes between likely “high contamination” and “low contamination” groups revealed a clear enrichment of choroid plexus marker genes and gene ontology pathways characteristic of these ciliated choroid cells. Inclusion of these contaminated samples could result in biological misinterpretation or simply add to the statistical noise and mask true effects. We cannot assert that Ttr or other genes/proteins queried in targeted assays are artifacts from choroid contamination as some of these differentials may be due to true biological effects. However, for studies that have an unequal distribution of choroid contamination among groups, investigators may wish to remove contaminated samples from analyses or incorporate choroid marker gene expression into their statistical modeling. In addition, we suggest that a simple RT-qPCR or western blot for choroid markers would mitigate unintended choroid contamination for any experiment, but particularly for samples intended for more costly omic profiling. This study highlights an unexpected problem for neuroscientists, but it is also quite possible that unintended contamination of adjacent structures occurs during dissections for other tissues but has not been widely recognized.
Use of CAR T-cell for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment: a review study
Authors: Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Manoochehri Hamed , Dama Paola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer-specific lymphoid cell. Induction and consolidation chemotherapy alone or in combination with different therapeutic approaches remain the main treatment. Although complete or partial remission of the disease can be achieved, the risk of relapse or refractory leukemia is still high. More effective and safe therapy options are yet unmet needs. In recent years’ new therapeutic approaches have been widely used. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) presents significant limitations and the outcome of the consolidation treatment is patient dependent. Side effects such as Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are extremely common, therefore, using alternative methods to address these challenges for treatment seems crucial. In the last decade, T cells genetically engineered with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) treatment for the ALL are largely studied and represent the new era of strategy. According to the Phase I/II clinical trials, this technology results seem very promising and can be used in the next future as an effective and safe treatment for ALL treatment. In this review different generations, challenges, and clinical studies related to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells for ALL treatment are discussed.
Diet, lipids, and antitumor immunity
Authors: Prendeville Hannah , Lynch Lydia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTumour growth and dissemination is largely dependent on nutrient availability. It has recently emerged that the tumour microenvironment is rich in a diverse array of lipids that increase in abundance with tumour progression and play a role in promoting tumour growth and metastasis. Here, we describe the pro-tumorigenic roles of lipid uptake, metabolism and synthesis and detail the therapeutic potential of targeting lipid metabolism in cancer. Additionally, we highlight new insights into the distinct immunosuppressive effects of lipids in the tumour microenvironment. Lipids threaten an anti-tumour environment whereby metabolic adaptation to lipid metabolism is linked to immune dysfunction. Finally, we describe the differential effects of commondietary lipids on cancer growth which may uncover a role for specific dietary regimens in association with traditional cancer therapies. Understanding the relationship between dietary lipids, tumour, and immune cells is important in the context of obesity which may reveal a possibility to harness the diet in the treatment of cancers.
An early transition to magnetic supercriticality in star formation
Authors: Ching T.-C. , Li D. , Heiles C. , Li Z.-Y. , Qian L. , Yue Y. L. , Tang J. , Jiao S. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMagnetic fields have an important role in the evolution of interstellar medium and star formation1,2. As the only direct probe of interstellar field strength, credible Zeeman measurements remain sparse owing to the lack of suitable Zeeman probes, particularly for cold, molecular gas3. Here we report the detection of a magnetic field of +3.8 ± 0.3 microgauss through the H I narrow self-absorption (HINSA)4,5 towards L15446,7—a well-studied prototypical prestellar core in an early transition between starless and protostellar phases8–10 characterized by a high central number density11 and a low central temperature12. A combined analysis of the Zeeman measurements of quasar H I absorption, H I emission, OH emission and HINSA reveals a coherent magnetic field from the atomic cold neutral medium (CNM) to the molecular envelope. The molecular envelope traced by the HINSA is found to be magnetically supercritical, with a field strength comparable to that of the surrounding diffuse, magnetically subcritical CNM despite a large increase in density. The reduction of the magnetic flux relative to the mass, which is necessary for star formation, thus seems to have already happened during the transition from the diffuse CNM to the molecular gas traced by the HINSA. This is earlier than envisioned in the classical picture where magnetically supercritical cores capable of collapsing into stars form out of magnetically subcritical envelopes13,14.
RNA profiles reveal signatures of future health and disease in pregnancy
Authors: Rasmussen Morten , Reddy Mitsu , Nolan Rory , Camunas-Soler Joan , Khodursky Arkady , Scheller Nikolai M. , Cantonwine David E. , Engelbrechtsen Line , Mi Jia Dai , Dutta Arup , Brundage Tiffany , Siddiqui Farooq , Thao Mainou , Gee Elaine P. S. , La Johnny , Baruch-Gravett Courtney , Santillan Mark K. , Deb Saikat , Ame Shaali M. , Ali Said M. , Adkins Melanie , DePristo Mark A. , Lee Manfred , Namsaraev Eugeni , Gybel-Brask Dorte Jensen , Skibsted Lillian , Litch James A. , Santillan Donna A. , Sazawal Sunil , Tribe Rachel M. , Roberts James M. , Jain Maneesh , Høgdall Estrid , Holzman Claudia , Quake Stephen R. , Elovitz Michal A. , McElrath Thomas F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaternal morbidity and mortality continue to rise, and pre-eclampsia is a major driver of this burden1. Yet the ability to assess underlying pathophysiology before clinical presentation to enable identification of pregnancies at risk remains elusive. Here we demonstrate the ability of plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) to reveal patterns of normal pregnancy progression and determine the risk of developing pre-eclampsia months before clinical presentation. Our results centre on comprehensive transcriptome data from eight independent prospectively collected cohorts comprising 1,840 racially diverse pregnancies and retrospective analysis of 2,539 banked plasma samples. The pre-eclampsia data include 524 samples (72 cases and 452 non-cases) from two diverse independent cohorts collected 14.5 weeks (s.d., 4.5 weeks) before delivery. We show that cfRNA signatures from a single blood draw can track pregnancy progression at the placental, maternal and fetal levels and can robustly predict pre-eclampsia, with a sensitivity of 75% and a positive predictive value of 32.3% (s.d., 3%), which is superior to the state-of-the-art method2. cfRNA signatures of normal pregnancy progression and pre-eclampsia are independent of clinical factors, such as maternal age, body mass index and race, which cumulatively account for less than 1% of model variance. Further, the cfRNA signature for pre-eclampsia contains gene features linked to biological processes implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Erkrankung versus Anti-NMDA-Rezeptor-Enzephalitis
– eine Kasuistik
Authors: Höppner-Buchmann Jacqueline , Seidel Desiree , Block Frank , Briedigkeit Lutz , Tietke Marc , Nürnberger Jens , Frank Bernd 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie klinische Differenzierung zwischen Autoimmun- und neurodegenerativen
Erkrankungen kann im Einzelfall eine diagnostische Herausforderung bedeuten. Die
Differentialdiagnostik rasch progredienter neurologischer und kognitiver
Symptome schließt entzündliche oder neoplastische
Enzephalopathien, zerebrale Tumore oder Vaskulitiden, aber auch seltene
neurodegenerative Erkrankungen wie z. B. die Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Erkrankung ein. Vor dem Hintergrund des Einsatzes von immunsuppressiven
Maßnahmen ist die Detektion eines Autoimmunprozesses in Kombination mit
einer Creutzfeldt-Jakob Erkrankung von erheblicher therapeutischer Bedeutung.
Die folgende Kasuistik stellt einen differentialdiagnostisch interessanten und
seltenen Fall vor, bei dem sowohl eine Autoimmun- als auch Prionerkrankung
diskutiert wurde.
Effects of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogues on Lipid Metabolism in
Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acromegaly: A Retrospective Study of 120
Cases
Authors: Shao Xiao-qing , Chen Zheng-yuan , Wang Meng , Yang Ye-ping , Yu Yi-fei , Liu Wen-juan , Wang Yi , Zeng Fang-fang , Gong Wei , Ye Hong-ying , Wang Yong-fei , Zhao Yao , Zhang Li , Zhang Zhao-yun , He Min , Li Yi-ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe short-term effects of long-acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs) on lipid
profiles in patients with acromegaly are not well studied. We retrospectively
analyzed the effects of SSAs on lipid profiles and associated cardiovascular
risk factors in a cohort of 120 newly diagnosed acromegaly patients. In this
study, 69 females and 51 males were included. These patients were treated with
either octreotide LAR (OCT) or lanreotide SR (LAN) for 3 months. After SSAs
treatment, both GH and IGF-1 significantly decreased (p<0.001).
Triglyceride (TG), total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio,
and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels were significantly decreased, while HDL-C
levels were increased (p<0.05). The reduction of mean serum GH
(GHm) was positively associated with the decrease of TG
(r=0.305, p=0.001) and Lp(a) (r=0.257, p=0.005),
as well as the increase of HDL-C (r=−0.355, p<0.001).
The changes of lipid profiles were observed only in OCT group, but not in LAN
group. In addition, systolic blood pressure (SBP) had significantly declined
after SSAs treatment, with an average reduction of 4.4 mmHg
(126.7±1.28 vs. 122.3±1.44 mmHg, p=0.003), while
no change was observed regarding diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
(p>0.05). Fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, and HOMA-IR were
significantly decreased after SSAs treatment. In conclusion, our current study
revealed that short-term SSAs treatment improves lipid profiles and other
cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acromegaly.
Lamb Head as a Training Model for Septoplasty and Rhinoplasty
Authors: Apaydin Fazil , Saghir Meshari , Garcia Rodrigo Fortunato Fernandez Pellon , Daoud Mahmoud , Jaber Ayman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeptoplasty and rhinoplasty are difficult operations to learn and teach. Many modalities have been proposed to make the teaching process of these operations easier. In this study, it was investigated if lamb heads were good training models to teach septoplasty and rhinoplasty to trainees or experienced surgeons. In the first part of the study, 21 lamb heads were dissected according to a dissection protocol and several anatomical distances were measured to compare them with human cadavers. In the second part, eight lamb heads were dissected and different preservation rhinoplasty techniques were practiced. The study on 21 lamb heads used showed that the lateral crura were 17.8 × 11.6, the average interdomal distance was 8.1 mm, and the average domal width was 3.7 mm. The average length of the upper lateral cartilages was 31.1 mm laterally and 21.2 medially. The average length of the nasal bones was 63.9 mm, and the width was 16 mm. In the second part of the study, 8 lamb heads were used to experience where high-strip techniques were used in 5 and the Cottle technique in 3. This study revealed that lamb heads should be considered as an excellent training model for septoplasty and rhinoplasty. Its very low cost, ease of availability, and close similarity to the human cadavers can be counted as the main advantages. This study also proved that it was not only a tool for beginners, but also a very helpful tool for experienced surgeons to try new methods.
Tertiary Alkylative Suzuki–Miyaura Couplings
Authors: Sheppard Tom D. , Nishikata Takashi , Tsuchiya Naoki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSuzuki–Miyaura coupling is an extremely useful way to construct Csp2–Csp2 carbon bonds. On the other hand, Csp2–Csp3 coupling reactions do not work well, and tert-alkylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling is particularly challenging due to problematic oxidative addition and β-hydride elimination side reactions. In this short review, we will introduce recent examples of tert-alkylative Suzuki–Miyaura couplings with tert-alkyl electrophiles or -boron reagents. The review will mainly focus on catalyst and product structures and on the proposed mechanisms.1	Introduction2	Ni-Catalyzed tert-Alkylative Couplings3	Pd-Catalyzed tert-Alkylative Couplings4	Fe-Catalyzed tert-Alkylative Couplings5	tert-Alkylative Couplings with 1-Alkenyl Borons6	tert-Alkylative Couplings under Photoirradiation7	Stereospecific tert-Alkylative Couplings8	Conclusion
N-Amino-imidazol-2-one (Nai) Residues as Tools for Peptide Mimicry: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lubell William D. , Hamdane Yousra , Poupart Julien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
N-Amino-imidazol-2-one (Nai) residues are tools for studying peptide-backbone and side-chain conformation and function. Recent methods for substituted Nai residue synthesis, conformational analysis by X-ray crystallography and computation, and biomedical applications are reviewed, demonstrating the utility of this constrained residue to favor biologically active turn conformers with defined χ-dihedral angle orientations.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Methods3 Conformational Analysis4 Biomedical Applications5 Conclusions
Elucidation of the Nucleophilic Potential of Diazocyclopentadiene
Authors: Mayr Herbert , Hartnagel Manfred , Ofial Armin R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiazocyclopentadiene reacts with benzhydrylium ions (Ar2CH+) to give 2,5-dibenzhydryl-substituted diazocyclopentadienes. The kinetics have been determined photometrically in dichloromethane under pseudo-first-order conditions using diazocyclopentadiene in excess. Plots of the second-order rate constants (log k
2) versus the electrophilicity parameters E of the benzhydrylium ions gave the nucleo­philicity parameter N = 4.84 and susceptibility s
N = 1.06 for diazo­cyclopentadiene according to the correlation log k(20 °C) = s
N(E + N). Diazocyclopentadiene thus has a similar nucleophilic reactivity as pyrrole. Previously reported electrophilic substitutions of diazocyclopentadiene are rationalized by these parameters and new reaction possibilities are predicted.
Simulating the impact of charge exchange on beam ions in MAST-U
Authors: Ollus P , Akers R , Colling B , El-Haroun H , Keeling D , Kurki-Suonio T , Sharma R , Snicker A , Varje J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A model for simulating charge exchange (CX) of fast ions with background atoms in magnetically confined fusion plasmas has been implemented in the ASCOT orbit-following code. The model was verified by comparing simulated reaction mean free paths to analytical values across a range of fusion-relevant parameters. ASCOT was used to simulate beam ions slowing down in the presence of CX reactions in a MAST-U target scenario. ASCOT predicts the CX-induced loss of beam power to be

22
%

, which agrees to within

15
%

with the TRANSP prediction. Due to CX, plasma heating and current drive by beam ions are strongly reduced towards the edge. However, an overall lower but noticeable increase of up to

20
%

in current drive is predicted closer to the core. The simulated deposition of fast CX atoms on the wall is concentrated around the outer midplane, with estimated peak power loads of 70–80 kW m−2 on the central poloidal field coils (P5) and the vacuum vessel wall between them. This analysis demonstrates that ASCOT can be used to simulate fast ions in fusion plasmas where CX reactions play a significant role, e.g. in spherical tokamaks and stellarators.
Binary fraction of O and B-type stars from LAMOST data
Authors: Luo Feng , Zhao Yong-Heng , Li Jiao , Guo Yan-Jun , Liu Chao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Binary stars play an important role in the evolution of stellar populations . The intrinsic binary fraction (f
bin) of O and B-type (OB) stars in LAMOST DR5 was investigated in this work. We employed a cross-correlation approach to estimate relative radial velocities for each of the stellar spectra. The algorithm described by Sana et al. (2013) was implemented and several simulations were made to assess the performance of the approach. The binary fraction of the OB stars is estimated through comparing the uni-distribution between observations and simulations with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Simulations show that it is reliable for stars most of whom have six, seven and eight repeated observations. The uncertainty of orbital parameters of binarity becomes larger when observational frequencies decrease. By adopting the fixed power exponents of π = −0.45 and κ = −1 for period and mass ratio distributions, respectively, we obtain that

f

bin

=

0.4

−
0.06

+
0.05

for the samples with more than three observations. When we consider the full samples with at least two observations, the binary fraction turns out to be

0.37

−
0.03

+
0.03

. These two results are consistent with each other in 1σ.
Corrigendum: Verification of induction zone models for wind farm annual energy production estimation (2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
1934 012023)
Authors: Forsting A Meyer , Rathmann OS , Laan MP van der , Troldborg N , Gribben B , Hawkes G , Branlard E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.