bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Sandwich‐Like r‐Fe3O4/rGO@CN Anode Materials as Conductive Agent‐Free Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhou Ju , Wang Jitong , Ling Licheng , Qiao Wenming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFe3O4 is a prospective anode material but faces challenges to develop high‐performance electrodes for lithium‐ion battery. In this paper, Fe3O4 nanorods wrapped with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the conducting matrix and an amorphous nitrogen‐doped carbon (CN) as the protective coating were prepared using the hydrothermal method and freeze‐drying process. The obtained Fe3O4 nanorods are uniformly dispersed on the rGO nanosheet. The addition of rGO improves the electrical conductivity of the composite, while the amorphous carbon layer mitigates the volume expansion effect of Fe3O4 nanorods. Moreover, the in‐situ nitrogen doping accelerates the wetting effect of the electrolyte as well as reduces the diffusion and transfer resistance. Therefore, the obtained r‐Fe3O4/rGO@CN composite as conductive agent‐free anode exhibits outstanding performance and cycling stability at suitable nitrogen‐doped carbon coverage. The capacity could be maintained at 1020.7 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. In addition, the capacity fading rate of per cycle is only 0.08% at a high current density of 2 A g−1. Our findings suggest that the prepared r‐Fe3O4/rGO@CN composite is a prospective candidate for utilization as an anode material in lithium‐ion batteries.
Tailoring Donor‐Acceptor Emitters to Minimise Localisation Induced Quenching of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Penfold T. J. , Eng J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBy inverting the common structural motif of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials to a rigid donor core and multiple peripheral acceptors, it has been shown possible to achieve both a reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) rate
1×107 s−1 and a unity photoluminescence quantum yield [Dos Santos et al. Adv. Sci. 5 (2018) 1700989]. However, the rISC rate in this motif is quenched by localisation of the excited state electronic structure which causes in‐equivalence between the peripheral acceptors. In this paper, we explore a series of related molecular targets which seek to reduce the effect of localisation on the rISC rates. This includes structures that contain donors exhibiting three‐fold or four‐fold symmetry and different degrees of steric hindrance around the donor‐acceptor bond with the objective of using steric hindrance to exert finer conformational control of the excited state dynamics to enhance functional properties. We demonstrate that a triazatruxene central donor is most effective for TADF owing to the energetic position of the locally excited state, while cyano‐benzonitriles are the most effective acceptors for reducing the effect of localisation on the electronic structure. These also push the emission into the blue region of the spectrum, opening the possibilities for this to be a pathway to develop efficient blue TADF emitters.
Animal Models of Osteoarthritis Part 1–Preclinical Small Animal Models: Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Development
Authors: Rios Jaqueline Lourdes , Sapède Dora , Djouad Farida , Rapp Anna E. , Lang Annemarie , Larkin Jonathan , Ladel Christoph , Mobasheri Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a major source of pain and disability in the adult population. There is a significant unmet medical need for the development of effective pharmacological therapies for the treatment of OA. In addition to spontaneously occurring animal models of OA, many experimental animal models have been developed to provide insights into mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression. Many of these animal models are also being used in the drug development pipeline. Here, we provide an overview of commonly used and emerging preclinical small animal models of OA and highlight the strengths and limitations of small animal models in the context of translational drug development. There is limited information in the published literature regarding the technical reliability of these small animal models and their ability to accurately predict clinical drug development outcomes. The cost and complexity of the available models however is an important consideration for pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology startups, and contract research organizations wishing to incorporate preclinical models in target validation, discovery, and development pipelines. Further considerations relevant to industry include timelines, methods of induction, the key issue of reproducibility, and appropriate outcome measures needed to objectively assess outcomes of experimental therapeutics. Preclinical small animal models are indispensable tools that will shine some light on the pathogenesis of OA and its molecular endotypes in the context of drug development. This paper will focus on small animal models used in preclinical OA research. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Pattern and clinical phenotype of systemic lupus erythematosus among male patients: Hospital‐based study
Authors: Gutbi Hind Abbas , Elagib Elnour Mohammed , Essa Mohammed Elmujtba Adam , Ahmed Noha Ibrahim , Saadelnour Mohammed Ahmed Idrees 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. SLE is mostly considered a disease of women, though men may also be affected, and this may lead to a delay in diagnosis in men. The result is a greater burden of inflammation and subsequent organ damage over time. This study aims to assess the pattern, clinical phenotype and organ damage in male patients with SLE.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study enrolled 30 male SLE patients in Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, during the period of December 2019 to May 2020. Data were collected by designated questioner containing demographics, age at diagnosis, clinical manifestations at onset and during the disease course and immunological assays. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Studies Program.ResultsThe mean age of 35.7 years ranged and the mean age at diagnosis was 32 years, and a third of the patients were found in the age group (30–39 years). The origin distribution showed that 50% of the patients were from central areas, and most of the patients were university graduates, the mean SLE duration was 5 years. Constitutional symptoms were the major manifestation at the onset of SLE in 56.7% of the patients. SLE manifestations during the course of the disease were mainly musculoskeletal manifestations in 87.7% of patients.ConclusionThe mean duration of the disease is 5 years, and the mean age of the patients is in the middle of their thirties, the constitutional symptoms were the major manifestation and musculoskeletal manifestations came second to that and almost all of them have positive antinuclear antibodies and anti‐dsDNA.
microRNA‐124 regulates Notch and NeuroD1 to mediate transition states of neuronal development
Authors: Konrad Kalin D. , Song Jia L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs regulate gene expression by destabilizing target mRNA and/or inhibiting translation in animal cells. The ability to mechanistically dissect miR‐124′s function during specification, differentiation, and maturation of neurons during development within a single system has not been accomplished. Using the sea urchin embryo, we take advantage of the manipulability of the embryo and its well‐documented gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We incorporated NeuroD1 as part of the sea urchin neuronal GRN and determined that miR‐124 inhibition resulted in aberrant gut contractions, swimming velocity, and neuronal development. Inhibition of miR‐124 resulted in an increased number of cells expressing transcription factors (TFs) associated with progenitor neurons and a concurrent decrease of mature and functional neurons. Results revealed that in the early blastula/gastrula stages, miR‐124 regulates undefined factors during neuronal specification and differentiation. In the late gastrula/larval stages, miR‐124 regulates Notch and NeuroD1 during the transition between neuronal differentiation and maturation. Overall, we have improved the neuronal GRN and identified miR‐124 to play a prolific role in regulating various transitions of neuronal development.
AICAr to SAICAr ratio can serve as additional marker of AICAr use
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Piper Thomas , Ahrens Brian , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAICAr (5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside, commonly referred to as AICAR) is an adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase agonist previously investigated for its therapeutic potential which has been shown to improve exercise performance in laboratory animals. For this reason, the World Anti‐Doping Agency prohibits the use of AICAr in sports. AICAr can easily be detected by means of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, but being an endogenous metabolite, it cannot be discriminated from AICAr of a non‐natural origin. Population‐based concentration thresholds have been suggested as a means to identify suspicious samples that would require further analysis by carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CIR); however, it remains at the discretion of the laboratory how to apply them. Here, the urinary ratio of AICAr to SAICA‐riboside (SAICAr) that is a closely related purine metabolite was investigated. In an athlete population of 5517 samples, this ratio was relatively narrowly distributed with median values and 99th percentiles of 3.3 and 9.3, and 4.2 and 14 in male and female athletes, respectively. Analysis of urine samples obtained from an AICAr administration study demonstrated that the AICAr/SAICAr ratio can serve in addition to AICAr concentration as a valuable diagnostic trigger for follow‐up analysis by CIR. Conceivably, this combination can offer better retrospectivity than AICAr concentration alone by allowing to decrease the AICAr concentration threshold without significantly increasing the number of suspicious samples.
Scientists' warning on climate change and insects
Authors: Harvey Jeffrey A. , Tougeron Kévin , Gols Rieta , Heinen Robin , Abarca Mariana , Abram Paul K. , Basset Yves , Berg Matty , Boggs Carol , Brodeur Jacques , Cardoso Pedro , de Boer Jetske G. , De Snoo Geert R. , Deacon Charl , Dell Jane E. , Desneux Nicolas , Dillon Michael E. , Duffy Grant A. , Dyer Lee A. , Ellers Jacintha , Espíndola Anahí , Fordyce James , Forister Matthew L. , Fukushima Caroline , Gage Matthew J. G. , García‐Robledo Carlos , Gely Claire , Gobbi Mauro , Hallmann Caspar , Hance Thierry , Harte John , Hochkirch Axel , Hof Christian , Hoffmann Ary A. , Kingsolver Joel G. , Lamarre Greg P. A. , Laurance William F. , Lavandero Blas , Leather Simon R. , Lehmann Philipp , Le Lann Cécile , López‐Uribe Margarita M. , Ma Chun‐Sen , Ma Gang , Moiroux Joffrey , Monticelli Lucie , Nice Chris , Ode Paul J. , Pincebourde Sylvain , Ripple William J. , Rowe Melissah , Samways Michael J. , Sentis Arnaud , Shah Alisha A. , Stork Nigel , Terblanche John S. , Thakur Madhav P. , Thomas Matthew B. , Tylianakis Jason M. , Van Baaren Joan , Van de Pol Martijn , Van der Putten Wim H. , Van Dyck Hans , Verberk Wilco C. E. P. , Wagner David L. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Wetzel William C. , Woods H. Arthur , Wyckhuys Kris A. G. , Chown Steven L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates the harmful effects of other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms of threats to species preservation, as well as in the preservation of an array of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among the most affected groups of animals are insects—central components of many ecosystems—for which climate change has pervasive effects from individuals to communities. In this contribution to the scientists' warning series, we summarize the effect of the gradual global surface temperature increase on insects, in terms of physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and species interactions, as well as the effect of increased frequency and duration of extreme events such as hot and cold spells, fires, droughts, and floods on these parameters. We warn that, if no action is taken to better understand and reduce the action of climate change on insects, we will drastically reduce our ability to build a sustainable future based on healthy, functional ecosystems. We discuss perspectives on relevant ways to conserve insects in the face of climate change, and we offer several key recommendations on management approaches that can be adopted, on policies that should be pursued, and on the involvement of the general public in the protection effort.
Plant defense synergies and antagonisms affect performance of specialist herbivores of common milkweed
Authors: Edwards Collin B. , Ellner Stephen P. , Agrawal Anurag A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a general rule, plants defend against herbivores with multiple traits. The defense synergy hypothesis posits that some traits are more effective when co‐expressed with others compared to their independent efficacy. However, this hypothesis has rarely been tested outside of phytochemical mixtures, and seldom under field conditions. We tested for synergies between multiple defense traits of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) by assaying the performance of two specialist chewing herbivores on plants in natural populations. We employed regression and a novel application of random forests to identify synergies and antagonisms between defense traits. We found the first direct empirical evidence for two previously hypothesized defense synergies in milkweed (latex by secondary metabolites, latex by trichomes) and identified numerous other potential synergies and antagonisms. Our strongest evidence for a defense synergy was between leaf mass per area and low nitrogen content; given that these “leaf economic” traits typically covary in milkweed, a defense synergy could reinforce their co‐expression. We report that each of the plant defense traits showed context‐dependent effects on herbivores, and increased trait expression could well be beneficial to herbivores for some ranges of observed expression. The novel methods and findings presented here complement more mechanistic approaches to the study of plant defense diversity and provide some of the best evidence to date that multiple classes of plant defense synergize in their impact on insects. Plant defense synergies against highly specialized herbivores, as shown here, are consistent with ongoing reciprocal evolution between these antagonists.
Growth portfolios buffer climate‐linked environmental change in marine systems
Authors: Campana Steven E. , Smoliński Szymon , Black Bryan A. , Morrongiello John R. , Alexandroff Stella J. , Andersson Carin , Bogstad Bjarte , Butler Paul G. , Denechaud Côme , Frank David C. , Geffen Audrey J. , Godiksen Jane Aanestad , Grønkjær Peter , Hjörleifsson Einar , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg G. , Meekan Mark , Mette Madelyn , Tanner Susanne E. , van der Sleen Peter , von Leesen Gotje 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale, climate‐induced synchrony in the productivity of fish populations is becoming more pronounced in the world's oceans. As synchrony increases, a population's “portfolio” of responses can be diminished, in turn reducing its resilience to strong perturbation. Here we argue that the costs and benefits of trait synchronization, such as the expression of growth rate, are context dependent. Contrary to prevailing views, synchrony among individuals could actually be beneficial for populations if growth synchrony increases during favorable conditions, and then declines under poor conditions when a broader portfolio of responses could be useful. Importantly, growth synchrony among individuals within populations has seldom been measured, despite well‐documented evidence of synchrony across populations. Here, we used century‐scale time series of annual otolith growth to test for changes in growth synchronization among individuals within multiple populations of a marine keystone species (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua). On the basis of 74,662 annual growth increments recorded in 13,749 otoliths, we detected a rising conformity in long‐term growth rates within five northeast Atlantic cod populations in response to both favorable growth conditions and a large‐scale, multidecadal mode of climate variability similar to the East Atlantic Pattern. The within‐population synchrony was distinct from the across‐population synchrony commonly reported for large‐scale environmental drivers. Climate‐linked, among‐individual growth synchrony was also identified in other Northeast Atlantic pelagic, deep‐sea and bivalve species. We hypothesize that growth synchrony in good years and growth asynchrony in poorer years reflects adaptive trait optimization and bet hedging, respectively, that could confer an unexpected, but pervasive and stabilizing, impact on marine population productivity in response to large‐scale environmental change.
Multimodality assessments of wild‐type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis with no ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Iwaya Takuma , Okada Atsushi , Tateishi Emi , Ohta Yasutoshi , Morita Yoshiaki , Ohta‐Ogo Keiko , Izumi Chisato 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR‐CA) typically present with concentric or asymmetric hypertrophy, a small percentage of ATTR‐CA is known to present with ‘atypical’ cardiac morphologies such as eccentric hypertrophy or even no hypertrophy. However, detailed report of multimodality assessments of ATTR‐CA with no ventricular hypertrophy is lacking. Herein, we report detailed multimodality assessments of an 81‐year‐old Japanese woman with heart failure and history of carpal tunnel syndrome and lumbar canal stenosis, presenting no ventricular hypertrophy and negative 99mtechnetium‐pyrophosphate scintigraphy, who was eventually diagnosed as having wild‐type ATTR‐CA. Our case highlights the role of multimodality assessments for early diagnosis of ATTR‐CA in patients with atypical cardiac morphologies and also emphasizes the limitations of bone scintigraphy and the importance of considering ATTR‐CA in patients with non‐cardiac manifestations of ATTR amyloidosis.
Intersection of atrial fibrillation and heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction in >400 000 participants in the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Patel Ravi B. , Greene Stephen J. , Xu Haolin , Alhanti Brooke , Peterson Pamela , Yancy Clyde W. , Piccini Jonathan , Fonarow Gregg C. , Vaduganathan Muthiah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsAlthough atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexists with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), few data are available evaluating AF‐specific care patterns and post‐discharge outcomes in patients hospitalized for HFpEF. We evaluated AF‐specific medical therapies and post‐discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized for heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) or HFpEF by AF history.Methods and resultsTrends in AF prevalence were evaluated among patients hospitalized for HFmrEF or HFpEF in the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure Registry from 2014 to 2020. Among those with linked Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services post‐discharge data, we assessed associations of AF with 12‐month outcomes and determined trends in post‐discharge prescriptions. Among 429 464 patients (median age 76 years [interquartile range 65–85], 57% women), 216 486 (50%) had a history of AF. Over time, the proportion of patients with AF increased slightly. Among the 79 895 patients with post‐discharge data, AF was independently associated with higher risk of mortality and all‐cause readmissions at 12 months, with stronger associations in HFpEF than in HFmrEF (mortality hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.16 vs. HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.10; pinteraction = 0.009). Anti‐arrhythmic drug use after heart failure hospitalization was low (18%) and increased modestly over time. Amiodarone accounted for 71% of total anti‐arrhythmic drug prescriptions. Overall use of anticoagulants after heart failure hospitalization has significantly increased from 52% in 2014 to 61% in 2019, but remained modest.ConclusionPrevalence of AF is rising among patients hospitalized with HFpEF. Those with comorbid AF face elevated post‐discharge risks of death and rehospitalization. Current use of pharmacological rhythm control is low.
Gaslighting: ALS, anti‐Blackness, and medicine
Authors: Carter Chelsey R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGaslighting has become a popular term to describe experiences of doubt and manipulation that make individuals or groups feel like their lived realities are not valid. Much of the theoretical work utilizing gaslighting as an analytic can be found in psychology literature or feminist domestic violence discussions. More recently, political scientists, philosophers, and sociologists have noted the structural, political, economic, and social processes that enable gaslighting to move beyond an interpersonal dynamic between women and their abusers. This essay extends these arguments through a Black feminist anthropological lens to examine how anti‐Black medical gaslighting functions structurally within medical systems, individually through implicit biases held by healthcare workers, and collectively through cultural norms. Despite Black patients’ learned mistrust of the medical system and often after multiple failed attempts to receive care or answers, ethnographic vignettes reveal that Black people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their caregivers continue to fight to be heard by the medical establishment despite being gaslit.
Delay in the diagnosis of dementia in urban India: Role of dementia subtype and age at onset
Authors: Ellajosyula Ratnavalli , Narayanan Jwala , Hegde Soumya , Kamath Vikram , Murgod Uday , Easwaran Vandhana , Seetharam Raghavendra , Srinivasan Murali , Watson Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of dementia is crucial for timely intervention. However, frequently, there is a substantial delay in diagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to recognise and address the barriers to early diagnosis. These have not been systematically studied in India. We at a specialist memory clinic in India investigated the time from symptom onset to diagnosis of dementia and factors contributing to the delay.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, consecutive patients with dementia (n = 855) seen at a private hospital underwent a standard clinical assessment and investigations. The primary outcome variable was time from symptom onset to diagnosis (TTD). The association of age, education, gender, dementia subtype, and age of onset on TTD were examined using a univariate analysis of covariance.ResultsThe median TTD was 24 months; 43% were diagnosed after 24 months. There was a significant association between TTD and age at onset (young onset—median 36 months vs. late onset—24 months) and dementia subtype. Patients with vascular dementia were diagnosed significantly earlier as compared to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [median 18, 24, and 30 months, respectively]. There was no effect of gender or education on the TTD.ConclusionAbout 40% of patients with dementia were diagnosed more than 2 years after symptom onset, particularly young onset dementias and FTD. Our study findings highlight the gaps in diagnosing patients with dementia in urban India and have significant implications for developing and implementing multifaceted interventions to improve the early diagnosis of dementia.