bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Client Satisfaction With Digital Services: Validity and Reliability of a Short-Form Digital Tool
Authors: Pedersen Henrik , Havnen Audun , Lara-Cabrera Mariela Loreto 
Published: August 2022

Background
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic’s preventive measures, mental health care services were forced to reorganize and develop remote telehealth services. This led to newer modes of receiving treatment, both internet-based and video-based therapies, to meet patients’ need for help, while at the same time keeping the COVID-19 pandemic under control. This shift calls for an evaluation of the patient experience during times of increased use of novel approaches of receiving treatment. Brief evaluation forms are ideal for this purpose.

Objective
As there are no validated brief measurement tools to evaluate patient-reported experiences in Norwegian mental health settings, we aimed to explore the internal consistency and factor validity of the 4-item self-administrated Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-4).

Methods
We examined the internal consistency and factor structure of a brief digitally administrated patient satisfaction measure in a sample of 145 outpatients in Norwegian mental health settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
The internal consistency of a digital Norwegian CSQ-4 was high, with a Cronbach α of .92. A clear unidimensional structure (eigenvalue=3.22), which explained 80.4% of the variance, emerged from our data. A Mann-Whitney U test found a nonsignificant difference in satisfaction between genders (U=2546.5; P=.17). A Spearman rank correlation between satisfaction and age in our data was not statistically significant (r144=.110, P=.19).

Conclusions
A measurement tool such as the CSQ-4 would be a valuable resource to improve the development and application of digital mental health services. Our results may support the use of the Norwegian CSQ-4 as a valid and reliable measure of satisfaction with mental health care services. In addition, as the CSQ-4 is a short-form and generic tool, it can be implemented in a wide range of routine evaluations of patient-reported satisfaction with telehealth services.
The Transition From a Compensatory Increase to a Decrease in C-peptide During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relation to Risk
Authors: Ismail Heba M. , Cuthbertson David , Gitelman Stephen E. , Skyler Jay S. , Steck Andrea K. , Rodriguez Henry , Atkinson Mark , Nathan Brandon M. , Redondo Maria J. , Herold Kevan C. , Evans-Molina Carmella , DiMeglio Linda A. , Sosenko Jay ,   on behalf of DPT-1 and TrialNet Study Groups
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
To define the relationship between glucose and C-peptide during the progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We longitudinally studied glucose and C-peptide response curves (GCRCs), area under curve (AUC) for glucose, and AUC C-peptide from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), and Index60 (which integrates OGTT glucose and C-peptide values) in Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) (n = 72) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (TNPTP) (n = 82) participants who had OGTTs at baseline and follow-up time points before diagnosis.

RESULTS
Similar evolutions of GCRC configurations were evident between DPT-1 and TNPTP from baseline to 0.5 years prediagnosis. Whereas AUC glucose increased throughout from baseline to 0.5 years prediagnosis, AUC C-peptide increased from baseline until 1.5 years prediagnosis (DPT-1, P = 0.004; TNPTP, P = 0.012) and then decreased from 1.5 to 0.5 years prediagnosis (DPT-1, P = 0.017; TNPTP, P = 0.093). This change was mostly attributable to change in the late AUC C-peptide response (i.e., 60- to 120-min AUC C-peptide). Median Index60 values of DPT-1 (1.44) and TNPTP (1.05) progressors to T1D 1.5 years prediagnosis (time of transition from increasing to decreasing AUC C-peptide) were used as thresholds to identify individuals at high risk for T1D in the full cohort at baseline (5-year risk of 0.75–0.88 for those above thresholds).

CONCLUSIONS
A transition from an increase to a decrease in AUC C-peptide ∼1.5 years prediagnosis was validated in two independent cohorts. The median Index60 value at that time point can be used as a pathophysiologic-based threshold for identifying individuals at high risk for T1D.
Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction predicts incident retinopathy and early kidney dysfunction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Velayutham Vallimayil , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Craig Maria , Cho Yoon Hi , Liew Gerald , Donaghue Kim 
Published: August 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> </p>
<p>Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction (CAN) may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. We hypothesized that adolescents with CAN are at greater risk of DR and early kidney dysfunction.</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods:</strong></p>
<p>This is a prospective longitudinal study of 725 adolescents with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy and albuminuria at baseline. Early CAN was defined as <u>></u>1 abnormality of 7 heart rate tests derived from a 10-minute ECG recording using Labchart Pro; retinopathy as the presence of <u>></u>1 microaneurysm, early kidney dysfunction as albumin excretion rate (AER) >7.5 mcg/min and albuminuria as AER >20 mcg/min. Multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) were utilized to examine the association between CAN and retinopathy or early kidney dysfunction (Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI)).Cox- regression analysis assessed cumulative risks of incident retinopathy and albuminuria (hazard ratio with 95% CI). </p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong></p>
<p>At baseline mean age was 13.6±2.6 years, 52% male, mean diabetes duration 6.1±3.3 years. Over a median follow-up of 3.8 [interquartile range 2.2-7.5] years, complications rates were retinopathy at 27%, early kidney dysfunction at 16%, albuminuria at 3%, mean study HbA1c was 72.3 ± 16 mmol/mmol (8.6 ±1.4%). Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction predicted incident retinopathy: OR 2.0 (CI: 1.4, 2.9) and early kidney dysfunction 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) after adjusting for HbA1C and duration. Cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction predicted retinopathy: HR 1.57 (CI 1.09, 2.26) and albuminuria 2.30 (CI; 1.05, 5.04) independently of HbA1c.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong></p>
<p>CAN predicted incident retinopathy and kidney dysfunction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, likely reflecting autonomic microvascular dysregulation contributing to complications. Therefore, screening and interventions to reduce CAN may influence complications risk. </p>
The system of legal regulation of labor protection under national and international law
Authors: Melekh L. , Melekh B. 
Published: August 2022

To consider in detail the system of legal regulation of labor protection. Emphasize the factors that negatively affect the state of labor protection, among them the most influential are the deterioration of production assets, the use of technical means without mandatory permits and accounting, non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic rules and regulations, violations of work and rest, labor deficiencies discipline and a number of others.
Solve the problem of labor protection to ensure the priority of life and health of workers, the results of production activities, the creation of safe and healthy working conditions, effective work of the system of state supervision and control and modern, adapted to international standards, administrative mechanisms.
Public relations in the field of labor protection as an object of legal regulation is characterized by certain features, namely the extensive activities covered by such regulation, multilevel system of regulations, as well as the specifics of labor protection as a legal institution.
It is shown that one of the important conditions for improving the legal regulation of labor protection is the development of technical regulation and regulatory support of various aspects in this area, as well as its transfer to the supranational principle and further unification. The specifics of the legal regulation of labor protection can be considered by analyzing the legal norms that belong to this institution and set its content.
Pension provision in the system of social protection of the population
Authors: Rusak H.W. 
Published: August 2022

A large number of works in the scientific literature are devoted to the study of pensions in the social protection system, because today the issue of providing social guarantees to the population is very painful. Today's pension system in Ukraine operates in conditions of constant financial stress, instability and requires constant improvement as it is unable to provide citizens with a decent standard of living and therefore needs to be reviewed and reformed. Reforming socio-economic processes necessitates comprehensive public administration of reforms in the pension system by improving organizational and economic mechanisms.
Pension provision is an important component of Ukraine's economic system. Pension rights are one of the basic social rights guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, which are not only proclaimed or declared, but also implemented and apply to everyone.
State-funded pension benefits are important factors in determining the living standards and well-being of the poorest and are designed to prevent poverty, meet basic needs and maintain a normal standard of living after losing one's job.
The article considers the functioning of the pension system in Ukraine, namely, the need and composition of pensions, evolutionary processes, economic nature, as well as sources of formation of the Pension Fund and the use of funds. The need to amend the legislation of Ukraine to reform the pension system in Ukraine has been identified.
Scholars' views on the interpretation of the concept of "pension provision" and "social protection system" are systematized. Particular attention is paid to the study of the constituent elements of the social protection system, which includes: social assistance, social security, social insurance. The three-level pension system in the context of the components of social protection subsystems is also studied.
Ways to improve legal regulation in the field of logistics of territorial defense of Ukraine
Authors: Mishchyshyn N.V. , Dimich A.V. 
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes some legal acts in the field of logistics of territorial defense of Ukraine in the modern period, details their problematic issues and offers proposals for improving legal regulation in this area.
Сurrently, Ukraine's defense sector is being actively reformed, but it does not yet meet today's requirements. Modern problems and challenges arising in the field of defense require fundamentally new scientifically sound approaches to the formation of the military organization of the state, the search for effective ways and mechanisms to protect national interests from real and potential threats of a military nature.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the regulations in the field of logistics of territorial defense of Ukraine in the modern period and provide suggestions for improving legal regulation in this area.
The experience of Switzerland and Israel deserves to be borrowed for the Institute of Local Territorial Defense of Ukraine, as these countries maintain armies that operate on the principles of universal conscription. All men under the age of 19 to 50 undergo military (alternative) service. A small part of the regular professional army maintains modern equipment and weapons, systematically trains a large number of reservists, who are kept on the principle of the police system and keep light small arms, ammunition and equipment.
That is, these countries, due to national and historical features, built national regular armies to conduct defense, including territorial. However, they in a special way effectively keep 95-98% of the army personnel in reserve. These are countries with a total system of general military service, that’s relevant at present for Ukraine in point of view of Russian military aggression.
As for the institute of local territorial defense in Ukraine, we propose to prescribe in the Law of Ukraine "On Fundamentals of National Resistance" certain provisions on social motivation and logistics of "voluntary assistants" for a quality information motive to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine.
In addition, we propose to understand the logistical support of the territorial defense of Ukraine as a set of measures to ensure all the necessary activities related to ensuring the combat capability of territorial defense entities for the effective implementation of the assigned tasks.
Current problems of higher education system reform in Ukraine: legal aspect.
Authors: Tymchak V.V. 
Published: August 2022

The state policy in the field of education and science plays a decisive role in ensuring the development of human capital and obtaining economic benefits in the form of sustainable growth and competitive economy, and means public and individual well-being, future prosperity and quality of life.
Stabilization and further socio-economic growth of Ukraine largely depends on the qualitative training of specialists whose level of competence could provide the production of a science-intensive and competitive in the world market of products, to make Ukraine's economy more resistant to the effects of market globalization. Update, but in fact - the formation of a national higher education system, modernization of the content of education and technologies of training, introduction of modern forms of organization of the educational process that would meet large-scale social and economic transformations that began to take place in Ukraine.
The article analyzes the processes of reforming higher education in Ukraine at the substantial-practical and theoretical and legislative levels. The initiatives of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine are considered, profile normative legal acts (in particular the Law of Ukraine "On Education"), prospects for introducing a system for obtaining knowledge in accordance with the standards of the law of the European Union (in particular regarding the implementation of the requirements of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union).
The scientific research analyzes the statements of domestic scholars concerning the problems of reforming the system of higher education, parallels between the concepts and the main tasks of such reform.
The prospects of efficiency of the educational system in Ukraine are outlined, author's interpretation of existing legal conflicts of the specified sphere is provided.
Considering this issue, it should be noted that the democratization of higher education is part of the general process of democratization of education, which provides for the elimination of the state's monopoly on education and the transition to the socio-state system, independence of educational institutions in choosing the goals, content, organization and methods of work.
Ensuring the safety of persons participating in criminal proceedings: procedural aspects
Authors: Anisimova Y.V. , Ilchenko O.V 
Published: August 2022

The importance of the existence of the institution of ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings is obvious to Ukraine. The completeness of consideration and investigation of the circumstances of the case, establishment of the objective truth on it depends on the absence of any pressure on the participants of the process.
In order to achieve the objectives of the criminal process, Ukraine has introduced an institute to ensure the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings, which provides a number of measures aimed at protecting the lives, housing, health and property of such persons from unlawful influence. The process of ensuring the safety of persons during criminal proceedings in Ukraine is in unsatisfactory condition. The mechanism for ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings is incompletely regulated and insufficiently effective. All this contributes to the emergence of public distrust in the functioning of this institution and threatens the implementation of the tasks of the criminal process.
The article considers the main procedural aspects of ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings, the main shortcomings of the functioning of this institution and the gaps in the current criminal legislation of Ukraine. Due attention is paid to the practical experience of highly developed countries, where the mechanism of ensuring the safety of persons who facilitate the implementation of criminal justice, has been developed over the years and is a model for the establishment of such an effective system in Ukraine. The implementation of international norms and standards in criminal law will help build an effective and reliable institution for ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings in Ukraine. The article also considers such procedural aspects as the range of persons entitled to security and the range of bodies that ensure security, provides a list of possible security measures.
The necessity of making changes to the criminal legislation of Ukraine, introduction of own system of protection of witnesses and introduction of the international norms and standards in the domestic legislation is defined.
Natural Type of Law Understanding as Jurisprudence Activity Based Theory Basis
Authors: Bilozorov Ye.V. 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the the natural law school certain provisions coverage indicating its connection with the activity based approach in jurisprudence and is the basis for the legal phenomena and processes epistemology by means of activity based theory. Attention is paid to the importance of researching the “compatibility” of law understanding various types, aspects of their interaction and possible conflicts. The undeveloped theory of activity as a jurisprudence component is indicated as a factor of insufficient research of the problems. The aim of the article is to cover possible aspects of interconnection between the activity based theory as a jurisprudence component and the school of natural law.
The methodological provisions determining the content of the study were as follows: the term “natural understanding of law” (natural type of law understanding; natural school of law) –it is not a single holistic theory, but a number of concepts related to the essential perception of law not as a prescriptive text, reflecting the will of public authorities, but as such a public relations regulator that meets the requirements of justice; is based on human rights, has a close connection with morality; activity based theory is considered as a system of knowledge that allows to interpret legal phenomena and processes based on the relationship of law and human activity, which, on the one hand, is a factor in the formation and development of law, and, on the other hand, law is a means of regulating human activity (jurisprudence activity based theory can be a means of interpreting legal phenomena as dynamic phenomena). The social nature of law stipulates the variability of lawthat should correspond to the relations governed by legal norms. Jurisprudence activity based theory allows to find out the origin, and functioning of legal phenomena and trends in their development.
Some provisions of the doctrines of law of such thinkers as I. Kant, B. Leoni, L. Fuller, R. Alexi, and R. Dworkin are described.
It is concluded that the described concepts of law of different lawyers, reflecting the axiological, essential characteristics of the natural type of law understanding (it is about the moral aspect of law, the impossibility of immoral law existance, human dignity as the basis of law, etc.). Lawyers’ activity, the activity of judges, particularly,is indicated as the means of “formalization” of law. Legal activity is a factor in the acquisition of the “official” nature by law. The characteristics given above indicate the possible aspect of using the activity based theory provisions as a jurisprudence component, by which the legal activity is.
Legal problems of functioning of the financial system of Ukraine during martial law
Authors: Dudnik V.M. , Harbinska-Rudenko A.V. , Yatsenko Yu.G. 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the study of changes and legal problems in the functioning of the financial system of Ukraine, which arose as a result of the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the imposition of martial law on February 24, 2022. As of today, the imposition of martial law in Ukraine has caused significant changes in all spheres of life without exception, including changes in the financial system of Ukraine. A perfect and developed financial system is an example of the unity of financial resources and, accordingly, a guarantee of full implementation of the state, defined by current legislation, tasks and functions.
The financial system is inextricably linked with the functioning of the state, as it is an instrument for the accumulation and rational use of financial resources. Analysis of the peculiarities of the financial system of Ukraine during martial law allows us to assess the scale of changes that have occurred, to determine their impact on socio-economic processes in the country, the possible consequences of such changes and ways to resolve them.
The article identifies the main changes and examines the problematic aspects of the functioning of the financial system at present. Obviously, changes are not always positive and there may be difficulties in their implementation. The biggest changes were made to the State Budget of Ukraine and local budgets, which suffered the greatest burden in all possible aspects. Due to the fact that the main part of financial resources is aimed at meeting the defense and social needs of the state, the problems of imbalance of expenditures and revenues of the budget, significant public debt and irrational distribution of expenditures have become acute.
The foreign exchange market, which is a component of the financial market, has also undergone significant changes. Nevertheless, the foreign exchange market of Ukraine continues to operate subject to restrictions imposed during the martial law by the relevant public authorities and relating to currency regulation in order to preserve financial resources in the country.
The issue of analysis of already known ways to solve the problems of the financial system and search for new ones that ensure the adaptation of the financial system to modern needs, including ensuring the defense needs of Ukraine and the smooth functioning of public finance.