bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Convection Initiation over Inland South China during a Record-Breaking Heavy Rainfall Event
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Liang Zhaoming , Wang Donghai , Chen Guixing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A local long-lived convective system developed at midnight over inland South China, producing record-breaking rainfall in Guangzhou on 7 May 2017. This study examines the physical processes responsible for nocturnal convection initiation (CI) and growth. Observational analyses show that the CI occurs in the warm sector under weakly forced synoptic conditions at 500 hPa, while moderate but nocturnally enhanced low-level southeasterlies with a mesoscale moist tongue at 925 hPa intrude inland from the northern South China Sea. Convection-permitting model results show that mesoscale low-level convergence and increased moisture at the leading edge of the southeasterlies are favorable for CI dynamically and thermodynamically. Local ascent and potential instability are further enhanced by orographic lifting and warm moist air from the urban surface, respectively, which trigger convection in northern Guangzhou. The mesoscale moist tongue of southeasterly flows then meets convectively generated outflows, thereby maintaining strong updrafts and continuously triggering back-building convective cells in eastern Guangzhou. Sensitivity tests are conducted to estimate the relative roles of ambient southeasterly moist tongue and urban thermal effects. The southeasterly moist tongue provides moisture that is crucial for CI, while warm moist air from the urban surface is lifted at the leading edge of the southeasterlies and locally facilitates convection. Therefore, the mesoscale processes of lifting and moistening due to nocturnal southeasterlies and their strong interaction with the local factors (orographic lifting, urban heating, and cold-pool-related ascent) provide the sustained lifting and instability crucial for triggering the local long-lived convective systems. The multiscale processes shed light on the understanding of the nocturnal warm-sector heavy rainfall inland.
Imaging Features of Lymphoepithelial-Like Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ye Jingzhi , Li Hongyi , Huang Peikai , Chen Jun , Lin Fenghuang , Xiao Mengqiang 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma of the salivary glands (LELCSG) is a rare tumour of unknown aetiology. No studies have reported the imaging features of primary LELCSG. Methods: The clinical information and imaging features of eight patients with LELCSG were reviewed. Computed tomography (n = 4 patients) and magnetic resonance imaging (n = 4 patients) features were analysed by two radiologists to identify the location, number, size, shape, boundary, signal intensity and enhancement of LELCSG. Results: The study included four women and four men, and the mean size of the tumours was 32.88 ± 3.41 mm (range, 27–38 mm). The tumours affected the parotid gland in six cases and the submandibular gland in two cases. The eight cases were evaluated by radiologists. All tumours were lobulated; three had clear edges and five had blurred edges. There was no necrosis in six tumours, while two tumours exhibited slight necrosis without bleeding. All eight tumours showed multiple nodular changes and extensive fusion. Four tumours with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were isointense or slightly hyperintense on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and obvious homogeneous enhancement on contrasted enhanced T1WI scan, while slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). The other four lesions were isodense on computed tomography (CT) scan. The degree of enhancement varied among the eight tumours. The necrotic zones of the eight tumours did not exhibit any enhancement. Conclusions: LELCSG is a lobulated, multi-nodular tumour, with some fused nodules. LELCSG lesions showed isointensity or slight hyperintensity on T1WI MRI, slight hyperintensity on T2WI MRI and isodense on CT scan. Larger tumours may exhibit some necrosis, but the necrotic cysts were relatively rare. Uniform enhancement was observed in non-necrotic areas on enhanced CT and MRI scan. The multi-nodular feature may be valuable for diagnosis.
Change in Severity of Mental Disorder of Remand Prisoners: An Observational Group-Based Trajectory Study
Authors: Jones Roland M. , Gerritsen Cory , Maheandiran Margaret , Penney Stephanie , Simpson Alexander I.F. 
Published: July 2022

Background Mental disorder is common among prisoners; however, little is known about how illness severity changes during incarceration, and especially to what extent there are different trajectories of change. Aims Our aims were to investigate trajectories of illness severity among male and female inmates with serious mental disorders, and to investigate whether clinical or demographic variables are associated with different trajectories. Methods We carried out a retrospective cohort study of newly remanded inmates who had three or more serial measures of illness severity as measured by psychiatrists using the Clinical Global Impression—Corrections (CGI-C), and used group-based trajectory modelling to identify trajectories. We investigated whether clinical and demographic variables were associated with different groups. Results We found an overall reduction in the severity of illness (mean change in CGI-C score −0.74, SD 1.5), with women showing greater improvement than men. We identified three distinct trajectories among men and three among women, all showing improvement in illness severity. Approximately 15% of the entire cohort had full resolution of symptoms, whereas the remainder showed partial improvement. Women, younger inmates, and those with substance use disorders were more likely to have full resolution of symptoms. Conclusions Although most prisoners showed improvement, and a small proportion had full resolution of symptoms, a significant number continued to have moderately severe symptoms. There is a need for comprehensive treatment within the detention centre, but also a need for transfer to hospital for those with severe symptoms as improvement within the correctional setting tends to be modest.
Evolution of grease lubrication regimes and surface damage during reciprocation-oscillation transformation
Authors: Han Yiming , Wang Jing , Li Weimin , Li Haijiang , Pu Jibin 
Published: July 2022

The responses of two kinds of lithium greases during the transformation from reciprocating motion to oscillation were firstly studied on a ball-on-disk test rig using optical interferometric technique. Although in pure rolling motion, after a long run a thin film lubrication (TFL) state is formed on the track, in simple sliding motion an interior boundary lubrication (BL) region is quickly developed in the contact after only tens of working cycles and the region increases with the increase of the radius stroke ratio. Microstructure of the thickener fiber makes a difference in the formation of the inside BL region. By an SRV tester, grease lubricated wear tests were carried out using samples with smooth surfaces, textured surfaces and textured + diamond like carbon (DLC) coated surfaces in simple sliding reciprocating and oscillating motion. It is seen that lubrication using grease with thinner and evenly distributed thickener fibers produces less severe surface damage. The smooth or textured surface is soon worn out, causing severe surface damage. The application of DLC coating onto the textured surface can protect the surface well but increase the friction coefficient a little bit.
The validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Satisfaction with appearance scale for individuals with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mattsson Malin , Hesselstrand Roger , Gunnarsson Karin , Dyrsmeds Elisabet , Holmner Monica , Nordin Annica , Boström Carina 
Published: July 2022

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) can lead to visible changes in appearance which could generate concerns among patients. Thus, valid questionnaires that capture these concerns are valuable to identify and communicate appearance concerns. Objective: To determine aspects of the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Satisfaction with Appearance scale for individuals with SSc (SWAP-Swe in SSc). Methods: Content validity was assessed by interviews. In a cross-sectional design, construct validity was evaluated by comparing the self-reported questionnaire SWAP-Swe in SSc to the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SSc HAQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), RAND-36, modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), disease duration and age using Spearman’s rank correlations ( rs). Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and corrected item-to-total correlations. Test–retest reliability was investigated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Eleven patients and 10 health professionals participated in the assessment of content validity. For the other aspects of validity and reliability 134 patients (median age 62 years, women 81%, limited cutaneous SSc 75%) participated. Overall, the content validity was satisfactory. The SWAP-Swe in SSc correlated with SSc HAQ (HAQ-DI rs = 0.50, visual analogue scales rs = 0.24–0.41), PHQ-8 ( rs = 0.46), RAND-36 ( rs = −0.21 to −0.47), mRSS ( rs = 0.28), disease duration ( rs = −0.01) and age ( rs = −0.15). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.92, corrected item-to-total correlations ⩾ 0.45 and the ICC 0.82. Conclusion: The SWAP-Swe in SSc showed satisfactory content validity, sufficient and good internal consistency and sufficient test–retest reliability. It was more strongly associated with self-reported questionnaires than with physician-assessed skin involvement and age, indicating that appearance concerns in SSc seem to be multidimensional as earlier reported. Our study contributes with a thorough investigation of validity and reliability including aspects that have not been investigated before. However, evaluation of more validity aspects of the SWAP-Swe in SSc is suggested.
Ticagrelor vs placebo for the reduction of vaso-occlusive crises in pediatric sickle cell disease: the HESTIA3 study
Authors: Heeney Matthew M. , Abboud Miguel R. , Githanga Jessie , Inusa Baba P. D. , Kanter Julie , Michelson Alan D. , Nduba Videlis , Musiime Victor , Apte Mohini , Inati Adlette , Taksande Amar M. , Andersson Marielle , Åstrand Magnus , Maklad Noha , Niazi Mohammad , Himmelmann Anders , Berggren Anders R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe phase 3 HESTIA3 study assessed the efficacy and safety of the reversible P2Y12 inhibitor ticagrelor vs placebo in preventing vaso-occlusive crises in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Patients aged 2 to 17 years were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive weight-based doses of ticagrelor or matching placebo. The primary end point was the rate of vaso-occlusive crises, a composite of painful crises and/or acute chest syndrome (ACS). Key secondary end points included number and duration of painful crises, number of ACS events, and number of vaso-occlusive crises requiring hospitalization or emergency department visits. Exploratory end points included the effect of ticagrelor on platelet activation. In total, 193 patients (ticagrelor, n = 101; placebo, n = 92) underwent randomization at 53 sites across 16 countries. The study was terminated 4 months before planned completion for lack of efficacy. Median ticagrelor exposure duration was 296.5 days. The primary end point was not met: estimated yearly incidence of vaso-occlusive crises was 2.74 in the ticagrelor group and 2.60 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.50; P = .7597). There was no evidence of efficacy for ticagrelor vs placebo across secondary end points. Median platelet inhibition with ticagrelor at 6 months was 34.9% predose and 55.7% at 2 hours’ postdose. Nine patients (9%) in the ticagrelor group and eight patients (9%) in the placebo group had at least one bleeding event. In conclusion, no reduction of vaso-occlusive crises was seen with ticagrelor vs placebo in these pediatric patients with SCD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03615924.
One-quarter of individuals with weekly headache have never consulted a medical doctor: a Danish nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Do Thien Phu , Stefansen Simon , Dømgaard Mikala , Steiner Timothy J. , Ashina Messoud 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Large numbers of people with headache who would benefit are not reached by headache services. Among the causes are poor or disorganized provision of headache services, but reluctance to seek healthcare has frequently been identified as a significant barrier. We conducted a national survey of people with headache to assess the extent of this problem in Denmark, a country with well organized, highly resourced, and readily accessible services.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey of adults ≥ 18 years old in Denmark reporting at least one headache day in the last year. We used social media (Facebook) to publicize and drive a recruitment campaign. The survey investigated five items: (1) disease burden, (2) social life, (3) presenteeism, (4) social support, and (5) healthcare utilization.

Results
We included 6,567 respondents from May 2021 to June 2021; 70.2% were female, 39.8% male, and mean age was 43.2 ± 13.4 years. Of the respondents, 54.2% reported headache at least once a week, 33.4% reported headache a couple of times a month, and 12.4% reported headache a couple of times a year. Two-thirds of respondents (66.6%) reported that headache limited their social lives occasionally or frequently. Most respondents (86.8%) reported going to work or attending educational activities occasionally or more frequently even though they had headache. Half of the respondents (49.5%) experienced lack of understanding of their headaches from people occasionally or more frequently. Almost half of respondents (43.7%) had never consulted a medical doctor for their headache; even of those with weekly headache, more than a quarter (28.3%) had never done so in their lifetimes.

Conclusions
Headache disorders continue to be a problem, even in a high-income country with free and easily accessible headache services. Further studies are needed to investigate and clarify why even people with the highest burden are hesitant to seek and make use of widely available headache services.
OTUB2 Regulates YAP1/TAZ to Promotes the Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Li , Cheng Hu , Ji Min , Su Liping , Lu Ziyang , Hu Xiayun , Guan Yaling , Xiao Jinling , Ma Lijuan , Zhang Wei , Pu Hongwei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
The effects of Otubain-2 (OTUB2) on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were investigated by interfering with OTUB2 expression.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze OTUB2 expression in esophageal carcinoma and interactions between OTUB2 and YAP1/TAZ. Paraffin-embedded ESCC tissues (n = 183) were selected for immunohistochemical staining to detect OTUB2, YAP1, TAZ, CTGF and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters, then the survival prognosis of ESCC patients was analyzed. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate OTUB2 in ESCC cell lines. Cell lines with the highest expression of OTUB2 were transfected with lentivirus to knockdown OTUB2 levels. Changes in KYSE150 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured using CCK-8, wound healing, and clone formation assays. The Transwell test and flow cytometry identified OTUB2 targets and explored roles and mechanisms involved in ESCC. Effects of OTUB2 on YAP1/TAZ signaling were also observed.

Results
Bioinformatics analysis revealed OTUB2 was highly expressed in esophageal cancer and was associated with YAP1/TAZ. Immunohistochemistry showed that OTUB2 expression was increased in ESCC samples compared to parcancerous tissue. YAP1 and TAZ were higher expression in ESCC tissues, mainly localized in the nucleus. Compared with controls, the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of KYSE150 cells after OTUB2 knockdown were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of YAP1, TAZ and CTGF decreased after knocking down the expression of OTUB2 (P < 0.05). OTUB2 knockdown in ESCC cell lines suppressed YAP1/TAZ signaling.

Conclusions
OTUB2 regulated the protein expression of YAP1/TAZ to promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor development. Therefore, OTUB2 may represent a biomarker for ESCC and a potential target for ESCC treatment.
Persistent white matter vulnerability in a mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Velayudhan Prashanth S. , Mak Jordan J. , Gazdzinski Lisa M. , Wheeler Anne L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Following one mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), there is a window of vulnerability during which subsequent mTBIs can cause substantially exacerbated impairments. Currently, there are no known methods to monitor, shorten or mitigate this window.

Methods
To characterize a preclinical model of this window of vulnerability, we first gave male and female mice one or two high-depth or low-depth mTBIs separated by 1, 7, or 14 days. We assessed brain white matter integrity using silver staining within the corpus callosum and optic tracts, as well as behavioural performance on the Y-maze test and visual cliff test.

Results
The injuries resulted in windows of white matter vulnerability longer than 2 weeks but produced no behavioural impairments. Notably, this window duration is substantially longer than those reported in any previous preclinical vulnerability study, despite our injury model likely being milder than the ones used in those studies. We also found that sex and impact depth differentially influenced white matter integrity in different white matter regions.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the experimental window of vulnerability following mTBI may be longer than previously reported. Additionally, this work highlights the value of including white matter damage, sex, and replicable injury models for the study of post-mTBI vulnerability and establishes important groundwork for the investigation of potential vulnerability mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapies.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of maize ear heterosis during the inflorescence meristem differentiation stage
Authors: Shi Xia , Li Weihua , Guo Zhanyong , Wu Mingbo , Zhang Xiangge , Yuan Liang , Qiu Xiaoqian , Xing Ye , Sun Xiaojing , Xie Huiling , Tang Jihua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Heterosis is widely used in many crops and is important for global food safety, and maize is one of the most successful crops to take advantage of heterosis. Gene expression patterns control the development of the maize ear, but the mechanisms by which heterosis affects transcriptional-level control are not fully understood.

Results
In this study, we sampled ear inflorescence meristems (IMs) from the single-segment substitution maize (Zea mays) line lx9801hlEW2b, which contains the heterotic locus hlEW2b associated with ear width, as well as the receptor parent lx9801, the test parent Zheng58, and their corresponding hybrids Zheng58 × lx9801hlEW2b (HY) and Zheng58 × lx9801 (CK). After RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis, 2531 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two hybrids (HY vs. CK). Our results showed that approximately 64% and 48% of DEGs exhibited additive expression in HY and CK, whereas the other genes displayed a non-additive expression pattern. The DEGs were significantly enriched in GO functional categories of multiple metabolic processes, plant organ morphogenesis, and hormone regulation. These essential processes are potentially associated with heterosis performance during the maize ear developmental stage. In particular, 125 and 100 DEGs from hybrids with allele-specific expression (ASE) were specifically identified in HY and CK, respectively. Comparison between the two hybrids suggested that ASE genes were involved in different development-related processes that may lead to the hybrid vigor phenotype during maize ear development. In addition, several critical genes involved in auxin metabolism and IM development were differentially expressed between the hybrids and showed various expression patterns (additive, non-additive, and ASE). Changes in the expression levels of these genes may lead to differences in auxin homeostasis in the IM, affecting the transcription of core genes such as WUS that control IM development.

Conclusions
Our research suggests that additive, non-additive, and allele-specific expression patterns may fine-tune the expression of crucial DEGs that modulate carbohydrate and protein metabolic processes, nitrogen assimilation, and auxin metabolism to optimal levels, and these transcriptional changes may play important roles in maize ear heterosis. The results provide new information that increases our understanding of the relationship between transcriptional variation and heterosis during maize ear development, which may be helpful for clarifying the genetic and molecular mechanisms of heterosis.
Transcriptomic responses under combined bacterial blight and drought stress in rice reveal potential genes to improve multi-stress tolerance
Authors: Pal Garima , Bakade Rahul , Deshpande Sanjay , Sureshkumar V. , Patil Swathi S. , Dawane Akashata , Agarwal Subham , Niranjan Vidya , PrasannaKumar M. K. , Vemanna Ramu S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The unprecedented drought and frequent occurrence of pathogen infection in rice is becoming more due to climate change. Simultaneous occurrence of stresses lead to more crop loss. To cope up multiple stresses, the durable resistant cultivars needs to be developed, by identifying relevant genes from combined biotic and abiotic stress exposed plants.

Results
We studied the effect of drought stress, bacterial leaf blight disease causing Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathogen infection and combined stress in contrasting BPT5204 and TN1 rice genotypes. Mild drought stress increased Xoo infection irrespective of the genotype. To identify relevant genes that could be used to develop multi-stress tolerant rice, RNA sequencing from individual drought, pathogen and combined stresses in contrasting genotypes has been developed. Many important genes are identified from resistant genotype and diverse group of genes are differentially expressed in contrasting genotypes under combined stress. Further, a meta-analysis from individual drought and Xoo pathogen stress from public domain data sets narrowed- down candidate differentially expressed genes. Many translation associated genes are differentially expressed suggesting their extra-ribosomal function in multi-stress adaptation. Overexpression of many of these genes showed their relevance in improving stress tolerance in rice by different scientific groups. In combined stress, many downregulated genes also showed their relevance in stress adaptation when they were over-expressed.

Conclusions
Our study identifies many important genes, which can be used as molecular markers and targets for genetic manipulation to develop durable resistant rice cultivars. Strategies should be developed to activate downregulated genes, to improve multi-stress tolerance in plants.