bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral thoracotomy versus sternotomy for left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Zubair M. Haseeb , Brovman Ethan Y. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Traditionally, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are implanted via the standard median sternotomy approach. However, a left thoracotomy approach has been purported to offer physiologic benefits. As a result, utilization of the left thoracotomy for LVAD placement is increasing globally, but the benefits of this approach versus sternotomy are still evolving and debatable. This review compares the median sternotomy and thoracotomy approaches for LVAD placement.

Recent findings
Recent meta-analyses of LVAD implantation via thoracotomy approach suggest that the thoracotomy approach was associated with a reduced incidence of RVF, bleeding, hospital length of stay (LOS), and mortality [1▪▪,2▪▪]. No difference in stroke rates was noted. These results offer support as to the feasibility of a thoracotomy approach for LVAD implantation but also highlight its potential superiority over sternotomy.

Summary
The most recent literature supports the use of lateral thoracotomy for placement of left ventricle assist devices compared to median sternotomy. Long-term outcomes from lateral thoracotomy are still unknown, however, short-term results favor lateral thoracotomy approaches for LVAD implantation. While the conventional median sternotomy approach was the original operative technique of choice for LVAD implantation, lateral thoracotomy is quickly emerging as a potentially superior technique.
Next-generation Sequencing as a Potential Diagnostic Adjunct in Distinguishing Between Desmoplastic Melanocytic Neoplasms
Authors: Roth Andrew , Boutko Anastasiya , Lampley Nathaniel , Dhillon Soneet , Hagstrom Michael , Olivares Shantel , Dittman David , Jennings Lawrence , Santana dos Santos Lucas , Busam Klaus , Gerami Pedram 
Published: November 2022

Desmoplastic melanomas (DMs) are often challenging to diagnose and ancillary tests, such as immunohistochemistry, have limitations. One challenge is distinguishing DM from benign desmoplastic melanocytic neoplasms. In this study, we explored the utility of next-generation sequencing data in the diagnosis of DMs versus desmoplastic Spitz nevi (DSN) and desmoplastic nevi (DN). We sequenced 47 cases and retrieved 12 additional previously sequenced clinical cases from our dermatopathology database. The 59 total cases were comprised of 21 DMs, 25 DSN, and 13 DN. The DMs had the highest tumor mutation burden at 22 mutations/megabase (m/Mb) versus the DSN (6 m/Mb) and DN (8 m/Mb). Truncating mutations in NF1 resulting in a loss-of-function were exclusive to the DM cohort, identified in 8/21 (38%) cases. Importantly, missense mutations in NF1 were nonspecific and seen with similar frequency in the different cohorts. Other mutations exclusive to the DMs included truncating mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, and ARID2. Among the DSN, 17/25 (68%) had an HRAS mutation or receptor tyrosine kinase fusion consistent with other Spitz tumors. Two cases in the DN cohort had missense mutations in BRAF without additional progression mutations and 2 other cases had mutations in GNAQ, supporting a diagnosis of a sclerosing blue nevus. The remainder of the DN had nonspecific mutations in various signaling pathways with few progression mutations. Overall, our study provides preliminary data that next-generation sequencing data may have the potential to serve as an ancillary diagnostic tool to help differentiate malignant and benign desmoplastic melanocytic neoplasms.
Trends in preexposure prophylaxis use among sex partners as reported by persons with HIV – United States, May 2015–June 2020
Authors: Beer Linda , Tie Yunfeng , Dasgupta Sharoda , McManus Timothy , Smith Dawn K. , Shouse R. Luke 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To estimate trends in the proportion of sexually active U.S. adults with HIV (PWH) reporting an HIV-discordant sexual partner taking preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and proportion of partners taking PrEP.

Design:
The Medical Monitoring Project is a complex sample survey of U.S. adults with diagnosed HIV.

Methods:
We used annual cross-sectional data collected during June 2015–May 2020 to estimate the annual percentage change (EAPC), overall and by selected characteristics, in reported partner PrEP use among PWH with HIV-discordant partners (N = 8707) and reported PrEP use among these partners (N = 15 844).

Results:
The proportion of PWH reporting PrEP use by one or more HIV-discordant sex partner rose 19.5% annually (11.3 to 24.4%). The prevalence rose from 6.0 to 17.4% (EAPC, 25.8%) among Black PWH, 10.1 to 26.0% (EAPC, 19.5%) among Hispanic/Latino PWH, and 20.8 to 34.6% (EAPC, 16.3%) among White PWH. Among MSM with HIV, the prevalence increased from 9.6 to 32.6% (EAPC, 28.2%) among Black MSM, 16.6 to 36.0% (EAPC, 15.6%) among Hispanic/Latino MSM, and 24.9 to 44.1% (EAPC, 17.9%) among White MSM. Among HIV-discordant sex partners, the proportion reported to be taking PrEP increased 21.1% annually (7.8 to 18.8%). Reported PrEP use rose from 4.9 to 14.2% (EAPC, 29.9%) among Black partners, 6.5 to 16.8% (EAPC, 20.3%) among Hispanic/Latino partners, and 12.7 to 26.1% (EAPC, 17.0%) among White partners.

Conclusions:
One in five HIV-discordant sexual partners of PWH was reported to be taking PrEP. PrEP use rose among all examined populations, although the increases did not eliminate disparities in PrEP use.
Monitoring Body Composition Change for Intervention Studies with Advancing 3D Optical Imaging Technology in Comparison to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Wong Michael C. , Bennett Jonathan P. , Leong Lambert T. , Tian Isaac Y. , Liu Yong E. , Kelly Nisa N. , McCarthy Cassidy , Wong Julia MW , Ebbeling Cara B. , Ludwig David S. , Irving Brian A. , Scott Matthew C. , Stampley James , Davis Brett , Johannsen Neil , Matthews Rachel , Vincellette Cullen , Garber Andrea K. , Maskarinec Gertraud , Weiss Ethan , Rood Jennifer , Varanoske Alyssa N. , Pasiakos Stefan M. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Shepherd John A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent three-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging advancements have provided more accessible, affordable, and self-operating opportunities for assessing body composition. 3DO is accurate and precise with respect to clinical measures made by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, the sensitivity for monitoring body composition change over time with 3DO body shape is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate 3DO’s ability to monitor body composition changes across multiple intervention studies.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using intervention studies on healthy adults that were complimentary to the cross-sectional study, Shape Up! Adults. Each participant received a DXA (Hologic Discovery/A system) and 3DO (Fit3D ProScanner) scan at baseline and follow-up. 3DO meshes were digitally registered and reposed using Meshcapade to standardize the vertices and pose. Using an established statistical shape model, each 3DO mesh was transformed into principal components (PCs), which were used to predict whole-body and regional body composition values using published equations. Body composition changes (follow-up minus baseline) were compared to DXA with linear regression.ResultsThe analysis included 133 participants (45 females) in six studies. The mean (SD) length of follow-up was 13 (5) weeks, range 3-23 weeks. Agreement between 3DO and DXA (R2) for changes in total fat mass (FM), total fat-free mass (FFM), and appendicular lean mass, respectively, were 0.86, 0.73, and 0.70 with RMSEs of 1.98 kg, 1.58 kg, and 0.37 kg in females, and 0.75, 0.75, and 0.52 with RMSEs of 2.31 kg, 1.77 kg, and 0.52 kg in males. Further adjustment with demographic descriptors improved the 3DO change agreement to changes observed with DXA.ConclusionsAs compared to DXA, 3DO was highly sensitive in detecting body shape changes over time. The 3DO method was sensitive enough to detect even small changes in body composition during intervention studies. The safety and accessibility of 3DO allows users to self-monitor on a frequent basis throughout interventions.
Assessment of level of depression and associated factors among covid-19 recovered patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: Khatun Mst.Khadeza , Farhana Nasreen 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has psychological consequences such as increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress problems, exacerbating human health disparities. This study aimed to analyze depression and its causes in COVID-19-recovered patients in Bangladesh.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted on COVID-19 recovered patients, who attended for follow-up after 14 days to 3 months at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Dhaka North City Corporation Hospital (DNCCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January to 31st December, 2021. Respondents were face-to-face interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire after written agreement. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess respondents’ depression, and data were analyzed using SPSS version-23, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.ResultsA total of 325 COVID-19 recovered patients aged from 15 to 65 years (mean 44.34 ±13.87 years) of age were included in this study, highest 23.1% of them belonged to 46-55 years, and majority (61.5%) of them were male. There were 69.5% of respondents had no signs of depression while 31% of them had with 26.7 % being mildly depressed, 2.5 % being extremely depressed, and 1.2 % being severely depressed. Diabetes mellitus, hospitalization duration, social distancing, the social media post on COVID-19, loss of employment, family damage, and fear of re-infection were significantly associated with depression level of respondents.ConclusionThis study gives us a glimpse into the psychological health of COVID-19 recovered patients, and its findings highlight the imperative of alleviating their psychological anguish in Bangladesh.
Accumulation of immunity in heavy-tailed sexual contact networks shapes monkeypox outbreak sizes
Authors: Murayama Hiroaki , Pearson Carl A. B. , Abbott Sam , Miura Fuminari , Jung Sung-mok , Fearon Elizabeth , Funk Sebastian , Endo Akira 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany countries affected by the global outbreak of monkeypox in 2022 have observed a decline in cases. Our mathematical model incorporating empirical estimates of the heavy-tailed sexual partnership distribution among men who have sex with men (MSM) suggests that monkeypox epidemics can hit the infection-derived herd immunity threshold and begin to decline with less than 1% of sexually active MSM population infected regardless of interventions or behavioural changes. Consistently, we found that many countries and US states experienced an epidemic peak with cumulative cases of around 0.1–0.7% of MSM population. The observed decline in cases may not necessarily be attributable to interventions or behavioural changes primarily, although continuing these approaches in the most effective manner is still warranted to minimise total epidemic size.
Detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in frozen aerosol samples collected from hospital rooms of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Fortin Audray , Veillette Marc , Larrotta Adriana , Longtin Yves , Duchaine Caroline , Grandvaux Nathalie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe isolated infectious SARS-CoV-2 from aerosol samples collected from hospital rooms of COVID19 patients. Isolated virus successfully replicated in cell cultures 14 months after collection, opening up prospects for retrospective analyses of samples stored during the previous waves of COVID-19.
VR-based real-time imaging reveals abnormal cortical dynamics during behavioral transitions in a mouse model of autism
Authors: Nakai Nobuhiro , Sato Masaaki , Yamashita Okito , Sekine Yukiko , Fu Xiaochen , Nakai Junichi , Zalesky Andrew , Takumi Toru 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFunctional connectivity (FC) can provide insight into cortical circuit dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, dynamic changes in FC related to locomotion with sensory feedback remain unexplored. To investigate FC dynamics in locomoting mice, we developed mesoscopic Ca2+imaging with a virtual reality (VR) environment. We find rapid reorganization of cortical FC in response to changing behavioral states. Using machine learning classification, behavioral states are accurately decoded. We then use our VR-based imaging system to study cortical FC in a mouse model of autism and find that locomotion states are associated with altered FC dynamics. Furthermore, we identify FC patterns involving the motor area as the most distinguishing features of the autism mice from wild-type mice during behavioral transitions, which might correlate with motor clumsiness in patients with autism. Our VR-based real-time imaging system provides invaluable information to understand FC dynamics linked to a behavioral abnormality of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Antibiotic resistance response to sulfamethoxazole from the intracellular and extracellular DNA fractions of activated sludge
Authors: Martínez-Quintela M. , Calderón-Franco D. , van Loosdrecht M. C. M. , Suárez S. , Omil F. , Weissbrodt D. G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn activated sludge, the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be present either in the intracellular (iDNA) or extracellular DNA fraction (exDNA). Recent advances in the exDNA extraction methodology allow a better profiling of the pool of ARGs. However, little is known about how stress conditions modify the distribution of ARGs between both DNA fractions. Here, we performed two batch tests for analyzing the effects of two different stress conditions, namely nutrient starvation and high concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (1, 10 and 150 mg L-1) in activated sludge. We tracked by qPCR the resulting relative abundances of four target genes, namely the universal 16S rRNA gene, the class 1 integron-integrase geneintI1, and the sulfonamide resistance genessul1andsul2in both the iDNA and exDNA fractions. In the exDNA pool, unlike starvation, which provoked a decrease of 1-2 log10[copies] ng DNA-1in the concentration ofsul1andintI1, the presence of sulfamethoxazole did not influence the abundances ofsul1andsul2. However, high concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (150 mg L- 1) selected for microorganisms harboringsul1and, more remarkably,sul2genes in their iDNA during their exponential growth phase. The abundances ofintI1andsul1were positively correlated in the exDNA fraction (r>0.7), whereas no significant correlation (p<0.05) between the abundance of these two genes was found in the iDNA fraction of the sludge. High SMX concentrations influenced the abundance of ARGs in the iDNA; their abundance in the exDNA was influenced by nutrient limitations. Further studies should consider the profiling of exDNA fractions because of the relationship between ARGs and mobile genetic elements. Besides, the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is encouraged in wastewater treatment plants facing high antibiotic concentrations.HighlightsStarvation caused a decrease in the exDNA concentration of the activated sludge.A positive correlation in the abundances ofintI1andsul1was found in the exDNA fraction.High concentrations of SMX selected for antibiotic resistant microorganisms.
Cortical neuronal assemblies coordinate with EEG microstate dynamics during resting wakefulness
Authors: Boyce Richard , Dard Robin F , Cossart Rosa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe disruption of cortical assembly activity has been associated with anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness. However, information about the relationship between cortical assembly activity and the variations in consciousness associated with natural vigilance states is currently lacking. To address this, we performed vigilance state-specific clustering analysis on 2-photon calcium imaging data from sensorimotor cortex in combination with global EEG microstate analysis derived from multi-EEG signals obtained from widespread cortical locations. Our analysis revealed no difference in the structure of assembly activity during quiet wakefulness (QW), NREMs, or REMs, despite the latter two vigilance states being associated with significantly reduced levels of consciousness relative to QW. However, we found a significant coordination between global EEG microstate dynamics and local cortical assembly activity during periods of QW, but not sleep. These results suggest that the coordination of cortical assembly activity with global brain dynamics could be a key factor of sustained conscious experience.
Live-cell super-resolution imaging of actin using LifeAct-14 with a PAINT-based approach
Authors: Bhaskar Haresh , Kleinjan Dirk-Jan , Oi Curran , Gidden Zoe , Rosser Susan J. , Horrocks Mathew H. , Regan Lynne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present direct-LIVE-PAINT, an easy-to-implement approach for the nanoscopic imaging of protein structures in live cells using labeled binding peptides. We demonstrate the feasibility of direct-LIVE-PAINT with an actin-binding peptide fused to EGFP, the location of which can be accurately determined as it transiently binds to actin filaments. We show that direct-LIVE-PAINT can be used to image actin structures below the diffraction-limit of light and have used it to observe the dynamic nature of actin in live cells. We envisage a similar approach could be applied to imaging other proteins within live mammalian cells.
Variation in mate competition favors phenotypic plasticity in male coloration of an African cichlid
Authors: Fialkowski Robert J. , Funnell Tyler R. , Piefke Taylor J. , Border Shana E. , Aufdemberge Phil M. , Hartman Hailey A. , Dijkstra Peter D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSexual selection is thought to be a potent evolutionary force giving rise to diversity in sexual traits that enhance mating success, such as ornament, sexual display, and weapons. The expression of sexual traits is often influenced by environmental conditions, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity may precede and facilitate evolutionary divergence in sexual traits by sexual selection. However, the mechanisms that promote plasticity in sexual traits remain poorly understood. Using the cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni, we show that sexual selection may promote plasticity in sexual traits. In this species, males change between yellow and blue color and exhibit intense male contest competition over breeding territories to attract females. We found that experimentally increased competition over territories led to a higher proportion of males expressing the yellow phenotype. Furthermore, we found that expression of yellow coloration is beneficial to males in territorial disputes. Specifically, yellow males won more staged dyadic contests than blue males, and yellow males had a lower level of oxidative stress than blue males, especially when engaging in more territorial display. However, females spawned more with blue males than with yellow males, suggesting that expression of blue coloration is sexually more attractive. The ability to adjust color phenotype according to the local competitive environment could therefore promote the persistence of plastic changes in coloration. Our findings challenge the view that phenotypic plasticity sets the stage for the evolution of genetically fixed changes via sexual selection, and instead suggest that sexual selection may favor plasticity in sexual traits.
Age-dependent dysregulation of locus coeruleus firing in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kelberman Michael A. , Rorabaugh Jacki M. , Anderson Claire R. , Marriott Alexia , DePuy Seth D. , Rasmussen Kurt , McCann Katharine E. , Weiss Jay M. , Weinshenker David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the locus coeruleus (LC) is a ubiquitous feature of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and LC neurons degenerate as AD progresses. Tau-mediated LC dysfunction may contribute to early neuropsychiatric symptoms, while loss of LC integrity is associated with conversion to cognitive impairment. Hyperphosphorylated tau alters firing rates in other brain regions, but its effects on LC neurons have not been described. The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in firing properties of LC neurons when they are the only cells containing hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as later in disease when β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology is abundant in the forebrain. Single unit LC activity was recorded from anesthetized wild-type (WT) and TgF344-AD rats, which carry the APP/PS1 transgene. Similar to human AD, these rats develop hyperphosphorylated tau in the LC (at 6 months) prior to Aβ or tau pathology in forebrain regions (at 12-15 months). At baseline, LC neurons from TgF344-AD rats were hypoactive at both ages compared to WT littermates, but showed elevated spontaneous bursting properties, particularly in younger animals. Differences in footshock-evoked LC firing depended on age, with 6-month TgF344-AD rats demonstrating aspects of hyperactivity, and aged transgenic rats showing hypoactivity relative to WT. Tau-induced alterations in LC firing rates may contribute to the pathophysiology of AD, with early hyperactivity associated with prodromal symptoms, followed by hypoactivity contributing to cognitive impairment. These results support further investigation into disease stage-dependent noradrenergic interventions for AD.HighlightsRecorded locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)TgF344-AD rats develop early endogenous LC tau pathology akin to human AD6- and 15-month TgF344-AD rats had reduced tonic LC firingLC neurons from 6-month TgF344-AD rats were hyperactive in response to footshockLC neuron dysfunction may contribute to AD symptoms
It is unnatural!–the role of food neophobia and food technology neophobia in shaping consumers' attitudes: a multimethod approach
Authors: Zamparo Gioele , Cunico Paolo , Vianelli Donata , Moretti Andrea 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to extend the current knowledge about how food neophobia and food technology neophobia can influence whether consumers choose fish farmed with insect-based flours (FFIF).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used an online survey questionnaire and a sample of 567 young Italian adults. The answers were analysed using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and structural equation modelling.FindingsBoth methodologies highlighted the relevance of food technology neophobia in influencing consumers' attitudes and intentions, even when foodstuffs were not produced through technology-intensive processes.Research limitations/implicationsDespite being focussed on a sample containing people of similar ages and food cultures, this study offers evidence that it is not necessarily the technological level of a food production process that sparks feelings of technology-related neophobia. Thus, this study highlights the importance of consumers' perceptions of foodstuff choices.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable insights into how informative campaigns should address the problem of increasing the acceptance of novel foods, such as FFIF.Originality/valueThe present study provides empirical evidence that food technology neophobia can influence whether consumers choose FFIF. Furthermore, using a mixed-method approach is novel in the field of new foods.