bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Power Negative‐Differential‐Resistance Device for Sensing the Selective Protein via Supporter Molecule Engineering
Authors: Dastgeer Ghulam , Nisar Sobia , Shahzad Zafar Muhammad , Rasheed Aamir , Kim Deok‐kee , Jaffery Syed Hassan Abbas , Wang Liang , Usman Muhammad , Eom Jonghwa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composed of atomically thin two‐dimensional (2D) materials have more potential than conventional metal‐oxide semiconductors because of their tunable bandgaps, and sensitivities. The remarkable features of these amazing vdW heterostructures are leading to multi‐functional logic devices, atomically thin photodetectors, and negative differential resistance (NDR) Esaki diodes. Here, an atomically thin vdW stacking composed of p‐type black arsenic (b‐As) and n‐type tin disulfide (n‐SnS2) to build a type‐III (broken gap) heterojunction is introduced, leading to a negative differential resistance device. Charge transport through the NDR device is investigated under electrostatic gating to achieve a high peak‐to‐valley current ratio (PVCR), which improved from 2.8 to 4.6 when the temperature is lowered from 300 to 100 K. At various applied‐biasing voltages, all conceivable tunneling mechanisms that regulate charge transport are elucidated. Furthermore, the real‐time response of the NDR device is investigated at various streptavidin concentrations down to 1 pm, operating at a low biasing voltage. Such applications of NDR devices may lead to the development of cutting‐edge electrical devices operating at low power that may be employed as biosensors to detect a variety of target DNA (e.g., ct‐DNA) and protein (e.g., the spike protein associated with COVID‐19).
Detecting and Quantifying Wavelength‐Dependent Electrons Transfer in Heterostructure Catalyst via In Situ Irradiation XPS
Authors: Li Yukun , Wang Li , Zhang Fei , Zhang Wentao , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Peng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe identity of charge transfer process at the heterogeneous interface plays an important role in improving the stability, activity, and selectivity of heterojunction catalysts. And, in situ irradiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with UV light optical fiber measurement setup is developed to monitor and observe the photoelectron transfer process between heterojunction. However, the in‐depth relationship of binding energy and irradiation light wavelength is missing based on the fact that the incident light is formed by coupling light with different wavelengths. Furthermore, a quantitative understanding of the charge transfer numbers and binding energy remains elusive. Herein, based on the g‐C3N4/SnO2 model catalyst, a wavelength‐dependent Boltzmann function to describe the changes of binding energy and wavelength through utilizing a continuously adjustable monochromatic light irradiation XPS technique is established. Using this method, this study further reveals that the electrons transfer number can be readily calculated forming an asymptotic model. This methodology provides a blueprint for deep understanding of the charge‐transfer rules in heterojunction and facilitates the future development of highly active advanced catalysts.
Podocalyxin‐Like Protein 1 Regulates Pluripotency through the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ju , Huang Wei‐Kai , Pather Sarshan R. , Chang Wei‐Fang , Sung Li‐Ying , Wu Han‐Chung , Liao Mei‐Ying , Lee Chi‐Chiu , Wu Hsuan‐Hui , Wu Chung‐Yi , Liao Kuo‐Shiang , Lin Chun‐Yu , Yang Shang‐Chih , Lin Hsuan , Lai Pei‐Lun , Ng Chi‐Hou , Hu Chun‐Mei , Chen I‐Chih , Chuang Chi‐Hsuan , Lai Chien‐Ying , Lin Po‐Yu , Lee Yueh‐Chang , Schuyler Scott C. , Schambach Axel , Lu Frank Leigh , Lu Jean 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeciphering signaling mechanisms critical for the extended pluripotent stem cell (EPSC) state and primed pluripotency is necessary for understanding embryonic development. Here, a membrane protein, podocalyxin‐like protein 1 (PODXL) as being essential for extended and primed pluripotency, is identified. Alteration of PODXL expression levels affects self‐renewal, protein expression of c‐MYC and telomerase, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and EPSC colony formation. PODXL is the first membrane protein reported to regulate de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are more sensitive to cholesterol depletion than fibroblasts. The addition of exogenous cholesterol fully restores PODXL knockdown‐mediated loss of pluripotency. PODXL affects lipid raft dynamics via the regulation of cholesterol. PODXL recruits the RAC1/CDC42/actin network to regulate SREBP1 and SREBP2 maturation and lipid raft dynamics. Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals PODXL overexpression enhanced chimerism between human cells in mouse host embryos (hEPSCs 57%). Interestingly, in the human–mouse chimeras, laminin and collagen signaling‐related pathways are dominant in PODXL overexpressing cells. It is concluded that cholesterol regulation via PODXL signaling is critical for ESC/EPSC.
Realization of Ultrahigh Strain Modulation in Two‐Dimensional β‐InSe Layers
Authors: Liu Mingyan , Zhao Yibin , Wu Fang , Wang Licheng , Yao Jiamin , Yang Yunwei , Liu Cong , Wan Yi , Kan Erjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract2D materials are regarded as ideal candidates for fabricating flexible devices in electronics, due to their intrinsic clean surface and malleability. However, due to the weak interaction between 2D materials and the substrates underneath, bending or stretching will inevitably cause severe slippage, which degrades the device's performance or even leads to failure. The realization of no slippage between 2D materials and substrates under ultrahigh strain has become a key topic in the field of flexible electronics. Here, a strategy to overcome this limitation, by which strain can be effectively transferred to 2D materials is demonstrated. By applying this improved method to few‐layer β‐InSe, it is found that the loaded strain reaches as high as 7.2% without any slippage, along with an apparent redshift of ≈4.18 cm−1 in Raman scattering signals. The evolution trend of bandgap observed in the luminous properties of β‐InSe is consistent with the author's density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This convenient method can be intensively expanded to other van der Waals (vdW) layered materials and sheds light on flexible electronic applications.
Skeleton‐Reorganizing Coupling Reactions of Cycloheptatriene and Cycloalkenones with Amines
Authors: Ji Ding‐Wei , Hu Yan‐Cheng , Min Xiang‐Ting , Liu Heng , Zhang Wei‐Song , Li Ying , Zhou Yongjin J. , Chen Qing‐An 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSkeletal reorganization reactions have emerged as an intriguing tool for converting readily available compounds into complicated molecules inaccessible by traditional methods. Herein, we report a unique skeleton‐reorganizing coupling reaction of cycloheptatriene and cycloalkenones with amines. In the presence of Rh/acid catalysis, cycloheptatriene can selectively couple with anilines to deliver fused 1,2‐dihydroquinoline products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the retro‐Mannich type ring‐opening and subsequent intramolecular Povarov reaction account for the ring reorganization. Our mechanistic studies also revealed that skeleton‐reorganizing amination between anilines and cycloalkenones can be achieved with acid. The synthetic utilization of this skeleton‐reorganizing coupling reaction was showcased with a gram‐scale reaction, synthetic derivatizations, and the late‐stage modification of commercial drugs.
Circularly Polarized Laser Emission from Homochiral Superstructures based on Achiral Molecules with Conformal Flexibility
Authors: Liu Zheng‐Fei , Ren Jiahuan , Li Pan , Niu Li‐Ya , Liao Qing , Zhang Shaodong , Yang Qing‐Zheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithout external chiral intervention, it is a challenge to form homochirality from achiral molecules with conformational flexibility. We here report on a rational strategy that uses multivalent noncovalent interactions to clamp the molecular conformations of achiral D‐A molecules. These interactions overcome the otherwise dominant dipole‐dipole interactions and thus disfavor their symmetric antiparallel stacking. It in turn facilitates parallel packing, leading to spontaneous symmetry breaking during crystallization and thus the formation of homochiral conglomerates. When this emergent homochirality is coupled with optical gain characteristics of the molecules, the homochiral crystals are explored as excellent circularly polarized micro‐lasers with low lasing threshold (16.4 μJ cm−2) and high dissymmetry factorglum(0.9). This study therefore provides a facile design strategy for supramolecular chiral materials and active laser ones without the necessity of intrinsic chiral element.
How green and simple can nontoxic antimicrobial nanoparticles be obtained? Deposition of AgNPs on the TiO2 surface in a neutral aqueous media by using the flavonoid quercetin
Authors: Peña‐Juarez Mariana Gisela , Sanchez‐Vargas Luis Octavio , Gutierrez‐Castañeda Emmanuel Jose , Saldaña‐Garcés Rocío , Lopez‐Esparza Ricardo , Cuellar‐Camacho Jose Luis , Ruiz‐Garcia Jaime , Gonzalez‐Calderon Jose Amir 
Published: November 2022

Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are excellent antimicrobial agents, they are considered hazardous materials due to their cytotoxic effects. In this research, AgNPs were deposited on TiO2 using a natural flavonoid under neutral conditions (pH 7) to obtain antibacterial nanomaterials without cytotoxicity. First, AgNPs were synthesized using two types of quercetin as a reducing agent, reactive grade and dietary supplement, to confirm the formation of AgNPs under this green approach. Later, the deposition of AgNPs on TiO2 was carried out again at pH 7 using reactive grade quercetin (sTiO2‐Ag(R)) and dietary supplement (sTiO2‐Ag(S)). They were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Z potential, and colloidal stability. The results showed that the deposition with dietary supplement is more efficient and safer, while the process carried out with reactive grade is inadequate since it causes nitrates bound to the TiO2 surface. The antipathogenic activity was studied against the main bacteria in raw food (Escherichia coli) and a major human pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus). The disk diffusion method confirmed higher inhibition when the deposition used the dietary supplement. Furthermore, sTiO2‐Ag(S) was analyzed by single‐plate serial dilution method to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). For S. aureus, the MIC was 31.2 μg/ml, and MBC was 1 mg/ml; for E. coli, the MIC was 7.8 μg/ml, and MBC was 1 mg/ml. Finally, cytotoxicity was evaluated by seeding peripheral blood mononuclear cells, showing that the sTiO2‐Ag(S) is nontoxic up to 100 ppm. These findings open the possibility of using these nanomaterials in numerous applications.
Enhancing the crystallinity and heat resistance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using ZnCl2‐ionized polyamide‐66 as a heterogeneous nucleator
Authors: Tian Yuanfu , Cen Hongyu , Zheng Xuan , Zeng Zheng , Xu Wen , Hu Tao , Gong Xinghou , Hu Chuanqun , Wu Chonggang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo achieve the maximal improvement in the crystallization rate and heat resistance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), 2.6 mol% of ZnCl2 ionized polyamide (PA)‐66 (PA‐66–Zn), with a strong coordination ability, is prepared and used as PET nucleator. This study found that the PA‐66–Zn heterogeneously nucleates PET more effectively than the CaCl2‐ionized PA‐66 and non‐ionized PA‐66 by differential scanning calorimetry, crystallization kinetics, X‐ray diffraction, and polarized optical microscopy. This is probably a result of the introduction of stronger ion–dipole interactions (IDIs) between the PET esters and the ionized‐PA‐66 ZnCl2‐coordinating amides, which obviously heightens the PET/PA‐66–Zn interfacial compatibility. As shown by scanning electron microscopy, the compatibilization through an appropriate concentration of IDIs promotes the formation of smaller and denser PA‐66 crystals with immensely increased nucleator efficiency. Furthermore, the PET/PA‐66–Zn with significantly improved crystallinity displays a remarkable increase in heat‐resistant temperature, at 21.6 and 55.1°C higher than that of PET/PA‐66 and PET, respectively. The results demonstrate that the PA‐66–Zn can act as a superior nucleator and as an outstanding heat‐resistant agent for PET.
Functionalized polyethylene on property enhancement of lubricating oil and their performance evaluation study
Authors: Baruah Urmilla , Saikia Maitrayee , Bora Ishan J. , Mohan Bitupan , Dutta Pranjal P. , Saikia Prakash J. , Baruah Shashi D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMethyl methacrylate (MMA) functionalized polyethylene additives for improving the properties of lubricating oil has been investigated in which poly(MMA‐co‐ethylene) were synthesized by using three different polymerization techniques such as miniemulsion, post polymerization and reverse atom transfer radical polymerization with 1.0 molL −1 of MMA and 20 bar of ethylene pressure. The copolymers are block in nature with the composition of 1:3 molar ratios of ethylene:MMA which is independent of polymerization techniques used. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of the copolymers in the lubricating oil. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the addition of poly(MMA‐co‐ethylene) increases thermal stability of the additive doped lubricating oil by approximately 40°C with a single stage decomposition pattern. Flash point measurements show an increasing flash point values for copolymer doped lubricating oil. From rheological study, the viscosity index of base lubricating oil has found significant increases from 102 to 129 with the addition of poly(MMA‐co‐ethylene) and the higher molecular weight (MW) of this copolymer provides better thickening efficiency. However, copolymer with higher MW seems to be more susceptible to mechanical degradation resulting in lower shear stability whereas copolymer with lower MW acts as a better pour point depressant.
Red is the new green: Dry wine‐based miniemulsion as eco‐friendly reaction medium for sustainable atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Flejszar Monika , Chmielarz Paweł , Oszajca Marcin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWine‐based miniemulsion was used as polymerization medium for the synthesis of non water‐miscible polymethacrylates for the first time. The solution, inspired by green chemistry principles, is an interesting alternative to the use organic solvent application in polymer synthesis. The paper presents an unusual but cost‐effective solution, which, due to the presence of reducing agents present in wine, allowed the synthesis of polymethacrylates according to the low ppm atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) concept, but without the injection of additional reducing agents. Among the tested liquors were: (a) a white semi‐sweet wine (Tokaj—TK); (b) ruby sweet wine (Carlo Rossi—CR); (c) raspberry homemade wine (Wino Jana—WJ), and (d) dark red dry wine (Merlot—ME). Interestingly, the use of dry wine with ~300 ppm by wt of CuII/tris(2‐pyridylmethyl) amine (TPMA) as hydrophilic catalyst resulted in the controlled synthesis of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PnBA), poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA), and poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) characterized by a narrow molecular weight distribution (Đ = 1.18–1.50). The final structures of the synthesized polymers were comprehensively analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Why can insects not biosynthesize cholesterol?
Authors: Haas Eric , Kim Yonggyun , Stanley David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo aspects of insect lipid biochemistry differ from the mammalian background. In one aspect, nearly a hundred years ago scientists demonstrated that the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n‐6) is an essential nutrient in the diets of all mammals that have been studied in that regard. An unknown number of insect species are able to biosynthesize LA de novo. Some species take the biosynthesized LA into fatty acid elongation/desaturation pathways to produce other PUFAs, 18:3n‐6, 20:3n‐6 and 20:4n‐6. A couple of species use the de novo produced LA to biosynthesize prostaglandins and other eicosanoids, short‐lived signal moieties that mediate important physiological actions in immunity and reproduction. Insects differ from mammals, also, in their lack of genes that encode enzymes acting in biosynthesis of cholesterol. Insects require dietary cholesterol to meet their cellular, physiological, developmental, and reproductive needs. Looking at a broader view of invertebrate biochemistry, most protostomes lost all or most genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The massive gene loss occurred during the Ediacaran Period, which lasted 96 million years, from the end of the Cryogenian Period (635 million years ago; MYA) to the beginning of the Cambrian Period (538.6 MYA). The key point here is that the inability to biosynthesize cholesterol is not limited to insects; it occured in most protostomes. We address the protostome need and benefits of acquiring exogenous sterols.
Recent Advances of the Confinement Effects Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liu Guomeng , Zhan Jiauyu , Zhang Zisheng , Zhang Lu‐Hua , Yu Fengshou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPowered by clean and renewable energy, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to chemical feedstocks is an effective way to mitigate the greenhouse effect and artificially close the carbon cycle. However, the performance of electrocatalytic CO2RR was impeded by the strong thermodynamic stability of CO2 molecules and the high susceptibility to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous phase systems. Moreover, the numerous reaction intermediates formed at very near potentials lead to poor selectivity of reaction products, further preventing the industrialization of CO2RR. Catalysis in confined space can enrich the reaction intermediates to improve their coverage at the active site, increase local pH to inhibit HER, and accelerate the mass transfer rate of reactants/products and subsequently facilitate CO2RR performance. Therefore, we summarize the research progress on the application of the confinement effects in the direction of CO2RR in theoretical and experimental directions. We first analyzed the mechanism of the confinement effect. Subsequently, the confinement effect was discussed in various forms, which can be characterized as an abnormal catalytic phenomenon due to the relative limitation of the reaction region. In specific, based on the physical structure of the catalyst, the confinement effect was divided in four categories: pore structure confinement, cavity structure confinement, active center confinement, and other confinement methods. Based on these discussions, we also have summarized the prospects and challenges in this field. This review aims to stimulate greater interests for the development of more efficient confined strategy for CO2RR in the future.
Connecting children with birth defects to health and social service programs: A collaboration between the Texas Birth Defects Registry and agency social workers
Authors: Betancourt Dayana , Canfield Mark A. , Ethen Mary K. , Shumate Charles , Drummond‐Borg Margaret , Kubenka Christina , Palacios Jessica , Agopian A. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTimely referral to services for children born with birth defects can improve health outcomes. Birth defects surveillance registries may be a valuable data source for connecting children to health and social service programs.MethodsPopulation‐based, state‐wide data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR) at the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) were used to connect children 9–18 months old, born with select birth defects with DSHS social workers. The social workers reviewed developmental milestones and referred children and their families to various health and social service programs. We tabulated the proportions of children meeting milestones and referral characteristics by referral program type and type of birth defect.ResultsSocial workers reached 67% (909/1,362) of identified families. Over half of children (54%, 488/909) were not meeting the developmental milestones for their age. Social workers provided over 3,000 program referrals, including referring 21% (194/909) of children to Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) and 28% (257/909) to case management.ConclusionOur results illustrate a method of leveraging a birth defects surveillance system for referral services. Given the large number of referrals made, our findings suggest that birth defects registries can be a valuable source of data for referring children to programs.
Developmental safety of nirmatrelvir in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
Authors: Zizioli Daniela , Ferretti Sara , Mignani Luca , Castelli Francesco , Tiecco Giorgio , Zanella Isabella , Quiros‐Roldan Eugenia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNirmatrelvir, in combination with ritonavir, is one of the first orally available antiviral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Symptomatic pregnant women are at increased risk for severe illness and complications that can affect the developing baby. No malformations or lower embryo‐fetal survival have been observed when nirmatrelvir were administered to pregnant rats and rabbits. Safety evaluation of drugs used for treating COVID‐19 also in pregnancy is urgent for public health, then in this study we further investigated nirmatrelvir developmental toxicity using zebrafish as in vivo model.Material and MethodsUsing the standardized Fish Embryo Toxicity (FET) test, we first determined the lethal concentration 50 (LC50), exposing embryos from gastrula stage up to 120 hr post fertilization (hpf) and daily recording lethality. Then, we exposed embryos to five doses comprising the human therapeutic one and up to the LC50 (25 μM). Morphology was evaluated at 72 and 120 hpf.ResultsNirmatrelvir did not affect survival rate and did not induce morphological defects up to the human therapeutic dose. Exposure at higher doses (2.4× and 3× the human Cmax) however resulted in decreased hatching rate, reduced growth, slower heartbeat with pericardial edema, reduction of eye dimension, absence of the swim bladder and disruption of the anterior–posterior axis, with lack of tail detachment, spinal curvature and straight and smaller head.ConclusionsOur findings in zebrafish embryos add further information about developmental nirmatrelvir safety. Further studies are needed for pharmacological safety assessment of nirmatrelvir exposure during pregnancy.
Challenges and Opportunities of Transition Metal Oxides as Electrocatalysts
Authors: Xiong Wei , Yin Huhu , Wu Tianxing , Li Hao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a sustainable energy technology, electrocatalytic energy conversion and storage has become increasingly prominent. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) are the key steps in the industrial applications of energy conversion and storage. Compared to the widely used precious metal catalysts, less‐noble transition metal oxides (TMOs) and TMO‐like materials have attracted broad attention as electrocatalysts in the above reactions. In this concept, we summarize the challenges and opportunities of some typical TMOs in electrocatalysis, and modification strategies of TMOs as electrocatalysts are discussed.