bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Third Nerve Palsy Due to a Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Chan Chung Charles , Wen David Wei , Chew Tricia Li Ting , See Siew Ju 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The approach to oculomotor nerve palsies involves the exclusion of compressive, infective, inflammatory, or ischemic lesions. Dural arteriovenous fistulae, including carotid-cavernous fistulae (CCF), are known causes of third nerve palsy. However, diagnosis can sometimes be delayed or missed due to the various clinical presentations. CCF remains a rare but treatable cause of third nerve palsy.

Case Report:
A 63-year-old Chinese female presented to our unit with gradual onset horizontal diplopia. Clinical examination revealed a partial left oculomotor nerve palsy without congestive eye symptoms. A cerebral angiogram revealed a left indirect CCF supplied by the inferolateral trunk of the left internal carotid artery. She underwent successful transvenous embolization. She improved postprocedure and was discharged well on day 10 of her admission. She was reviewed at 2 months follow-up and had recovered completely.

Conclusion:
Our case is a classic description of a CCF with posterior drainage into the inferior petrosal sinus. We hope this case and a review of the literature can serve as a reminder to clinicians of the varied presentations of CCF. We believe this case adds value to the clinicians in contributing to their diagnostic process and to our interventional colleagues in highlighting a case with a successful postembolization outcome.
Case report: unique failure of a Synthes TFNA fenestrated lag screw in a peritrochanteric nonunion
Authors: Smidt Kevin P. , Perry Kevin J. , Andre Lincoln K. , Chauvin Brad J. , Kautz Steve , Massey Patrick A. , Barton R. Shane 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Intertrochanteric femur fractures are a common orthopaedic injury that are often treated surgically. Cephalomedullary nails (CMN) are frequently the implant of choice for intertrochanteric femur fractures, resulting in low complication rates. Implant failure is a rare but reported complication. Common locations of failure include the proximal nail aperture, distal screw holes, and implant shaft. In this case report, we describe a CMN failure pattern through fenestrated cephalic screw holes.

Case:
A 70-year-old female sustained an OTA 31A-2.2 peritrochanteric fracture during a motor vehicle collision. She was treated the following day with a Synthes Trochanteric Fixation Nail—Advanced CMN utilizing a fenestrated cephalic screw. There were no intraoperative complications. She was made non-weight bearing for 8 weeks after the procedure due to ipsilateral foot fractures. At 6 months follow-up she was noted to have a delayed union. 11 months postoperatively she suffered a ground level fall and the cephalic lag screw failed through its fenestrations, resulting in varus collapse of her fracture at the femoral neck. The patient then underwent nail extraction and salvage total hip arthroplasty.

Conclusion:
Cephalomedullary nail implant failure is presented with implant fracture propagation through a fenestrated cephalic screw. Cephalomedullary lag screw failure is rare and can be difficult to manage. It is important to monitor new implants for unique failure mechanisms.
Health Care Disparities in Surgical Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Contemporary Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Yadav Ghanshyam S. , Rutledge Emily C. , Nisar Tariq , Xu Jiaqiong , Rozycki Sarah K. , Muir Tristi , Antosh Danielle D. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
Our objective was to compare the rate of native tissue repair (NTR) versus sacrocolpopexy (SCP) and reconstructive (RECON) versus obliterative repair (OBR) for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), evaluating for health care disparities based on race, socioeconomic, and geographic factors.

Methods
The National Inpatient Sample database was queried for patients older than 18 years undergoing POP surgery from 2008 to 2018. Baseline demographics, comorbidity index, socioeconomic, and hospital variables were extracted. The weighted t test, Wilcoxon test, and χ2 test were used to compare the rate of (1) NTR versus SCP and (2) RECON vs OBR. Multivariate weighted logistic regression was used to compare while controlling for confounders. Reference groups were White race, Medicare patients, northeast region, small hospital size, and rural location.

Results
Of 71,262 patients, 67,382 (94.6%) underwent RECON. Patients undergoing OBR were older and had a higher comorbidity score. Multivariate analysis showed the following: (1) Black, Hispanic, and other races; (2) Medicaid patients; (3) patients at urban teaching hospitals are less likely to receive RECON. Patients in the midwest were more likely to receive RECON. Among 68,401 patients, 23,808 (34.8%), and 44,593 (65.19%) underwent SCP and NTR, respectively. Hysterectomy was more common in the NTR group. Multivariate analysis showed the following:(1) Black, Hispanic, and “other” races; (2) uninsured and Medicaid patients; (3) patients in the midwest, south, and west were at higher odds of receiving NTR. Patients in large and urban hospitals were less likely to undergo NTR.

Conclusions
Racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities exist in surgical management for POP warranting further study to seek to eliminate these disparities.
Re-contacting biobank participants: lessons from a pilot study within FinnGen
Authors: Rodosthenous Rodosthenis S. , Niemi Mari E.K. , Kallio Lila , Perälä Merja , Terho Perttu , Knopp Theresa , Punkka Eero , Makkonen Enni M. , Nurmi Paula , Mäkelä Johanna , Wihuri Pauli , Hautalahti Marco , Moffatt Corianna , Martini Paolo , Germine Laura , Mäkelä Viola A. , Karhunen Oona A. , Lahti Jari , Hiekkalinna Tero S. , Jyrhämä Tero , Shen Huei-Yi ,   FinnGen, Runz Heiko , Palotie Aarno , Perola Markus , Ganna Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiobank studies are well suited to identify novel disease risk factors. However, these studies often offer limited insights into participants’ lifestyle, behavioral, or cognitive characteristics, among others. FinnGen is a nation-wide biobank project in Finland and one of the largest in the world that has successfully linked genetic and register-based information for 259,578 individuals (N=500,000 by 2023); however, it lacks cognitive, behavioral, and lifestyle measurements.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining cognitive, behavioral, and lifestyle information by re-contacting 5,995 participants from three FinnGen-participating Biobanks. We created an online portal to allow participants to securely log-in, provide consent, and access the study survey tools.ResultsThe overall participation rate was 18.6% (23.1% among individuals aged 18-69). A second reminder letter yielded an additional 9.7% participation rate in those who did not respond to the first invitation. Re-contacting participants via an online healthcare portal yielded lower participation than re-contacting via physical letter. The completion rate of questionnaire and cognitive tests was high (92% and 85%, respectively), and measurements were overall reliable among participants. For example, the correlation (r) between self-reported body mass index and that collected by the biobanks was 0.92.ConclusionsIn summary, this pilot suggests that re-contacting FinnGen participants with the goal to collect a wide range of cognitive, behavioral and lifestyle information without additional engagement, results in a low participation rate, but with reliable data. We suggest that such information be collected at enrollment, if possible, rather than via post-hoc re-contacting.
Duration of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness against Severe Disease
Authors: Bansal Devendra , Abdulmajeed Jazeel , Yassin Esraa , Al-Shamali Maha H M A , Albayat Soha S A , Himatt Sayed M , Cyprian Farhan S , Chivese Tawanda , Mundodan Jesha M A , Khogali Hayat , Baaboura Rekayahouda , Kaleeckal Anvar H , Kandy Mujeeb C , Latif Ali Nizar , Al-Kuwari Mohamed G , Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid , Khal Abdullatif Al , Bertollini Roberto , Al-Thani Mohamed H , Farag Elmobashar , Doi Suhail A R 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWaning immunity following administration of mRNA based COVID-19 vaccines remains a concern for many health systems. We undertook a study of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with and without requirement for intensive care to shed more light on the duration of vaccine effectiveness for protection against the need for intensive care.MethodsWe used a matched case-control study design with the study base being all individuals with first infection with SARS-CoV-2 reported in the State of Qatar between 1 Jan 2021 and 20 Feb 2022. Cases were those requiring intensive care while controls were those who recovered without need for intensive care. Vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care and number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one more case of COVID-19 requiring intensive care were computed for the mRNA (BNT162b2 / mRNA-1273) vaccines.ResultsVaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care was 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50 to 76) between the first and second dose and strengthened to 89% (95% CI, 85 to 92) between the second dose and 4 months post the second dose in persons who received a primary course of the vaccine. There was no waning of vaccine effectiveness in the period from 4 to 12 months after the second dose.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care remains robust till at least 12 months after the second dose of mRNA based vaccines.
Admissions to a large tertiary care hospital and Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity: primary, contributing, or incidental COVID-19
Authors: Voor in ’t holt Anne F. , Haanappel Cynthia P. , Rahamat – Langendoen Janette , Molenkamp Richard , van Nood Els , van den Toorn Leon M. , Peeters Robin P. , van Rossum Annemarie M.C. , Severin Juliëtte A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 seem to show reduced clinical severity. We classified 172 COVID-19 Omicron patient admissions. 66.2% of patients were admitted with primary or admission-contributing COVID-19. We therefore must be careful to base healthcare and public health decisions on the total number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients alone.
Interplay between mosaic chromosomal alterations and polygenic risk score increases risk of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Qin Na , Chen Congcong , Yang Liu , Liu Su , Xie Yuan , Xu Xianfeng , Zhou Jun , Dai Juncheng , Jin Guangfu , Ma Hongxia , Wang Cheng , Shen Hongbing , Hu Zhibin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated autosomal mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) in 10,248 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and 9,298 cancer-free controls of Chinese ancestry. Mosaic loss and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity were associated with an increased risk of NSCLC, while mosaic gain was associated with a decreased risk of NSCLC, especially those spanning telomeres. The increased cell fraction of mCAs was also correlated with an increasing NSCLC risk in the affected individuals. Both multiplicative and additive interactions were observed between polygenic risk score (PRS) and the presence of mosaic loss, where carriers of mosaic loss events with cell fractions ≥5% among the high genetic risk group had the greatest risk for developing NSCLC. These findings suggest that mCA events may act as a new endogenous indicator for risk of NSCLC and have the potential to be jointly used with PRS to optimize risk stratification of NSCLC.
A year in the public life of COVID-19 and Vitamin D: Representation in UK news media and implications for health communications
Authors: Mavroeidi Alexandra , Innes Ryan , Miyake Esperanza , Pennington Diane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate how the relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19 has been presented in traditional media sources (UK newspapers) and assess the level of misinformation associated with this issue by comparing newspaper article content to the evidence-based guidelines.DesignQualitative studySettingData were collected over the first year of the pandemic (February 2019-20), from the five most widely read UK based newspapers by searching the Nexis database using keywords “vitamin D” and “COVID”. An inductive thematic analysis was carried out on the data to identify themes and subthemes. Quality control of the coding was conducted on a sample of the dataset (20%). Data were also compared to the “ground truth” identified as the NICE report titled “COVID-19 rapid guideline: vitamin D” to explore the accuracy of media outputs.ResultsThe four main themes identified were ‘association of vitamin D with COVID-19’, ‘politically informed views’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’ and ‘vitamin D sources’. When compared to the ground truth, most of the information from newspaper articles relating to the key findings was ‘correct’ for each of the findings, except for COVID-19 infection.ConclusionsAlthough most of the information included in newspaper articles concerning the relationship of vitamin D with COVID-19 was ‘correct’, this study highlighted that there was still a notable amount of ‘incorrect’ information published. In the context of COVID-19, it is imperative that media outputs are accurate and inform the public and front-line health professionals as correct information is a key factor in disease prevention. Future research should focus on the accuracy of media outputs to further investigate health misinformation as an issue in traditional media and how that may affect public health. Attempts should be made to improve journalistic integrity through more rigorous and standardised regulations enforced across all media outlets so that public knowledge on current events is based on evidence rather than conjecture.Summary boxesData sharing statement:We are happy to share any data if/when asked.
The testing of the DAC algorithm for classifying Lymphoma Cell of Origin samples using HTG’s targeted gene expression system
Authors: Davies John R. , Care Matthew A. , Mell Tracey , Barrans Sharon , Burton Cathy , Westhead David R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn implementation of the windows based DLBCL automatic classification (DAC) algorithm for determining cell of origin (COO) written in the R language and designed for use with the HTG EdgeSeq Reveal Software package is described. Classifications using the new implementation (DAC-R) were compared to the those using the original version (DAC-Win), the HTG DLBCL COO classifier, the HTG EdgeSeq Reveal DLBCL algorithm. Classifications made using HTG data were tested for concordance with those made using WG-DASL data for the same samples. To analyse small numbers of samples a background dataset was developed to allow for the reliable classification of individual cases. Classification accuracy was assessed using percentage of agreement of discrete classification groups and Pearson correlation of probability scores where appropriate. In the data tested it was seen that the correlation of probability scores for DAC-R and DAC-Win was 0.9985 or higher. Agreement with the HTG DLBCL COO classifier was 85.1% and agreement with the HTG EdgeSeq Reveal DLBCL algorithm was also high (Pearson correlation of GCB probabilities = 0.91). Agreement between classifications made using HTG and WG-DASL data was also high (83.7%). In summary, the R based algorithm of DAC successfully replicates the functionality of the original routine and produces comparable COO calls in data produced from the HTG Pan B-Cell Lymphoma Panel to the other methods listed.
The methodologies to assess the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Banholzer Nicolas , Lison Adrian , Özcelik Dennis , Stadler Tanja , Feuerriegel Stefan , Vach Werner 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNon-pharmaceutical interventions, such as school closures and stay-at-home orders, have been implemented around the world to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Their effects on health-related outcomes have been the subject of numerous empirical studies. However, these studies show fairly large variation among methodologies in use, reflecting the absence of an established methodological framework. On the one hand, variation in methodologies may be desirable to assess the robustness of results; on the other hand, a lack of common standards can impede comparability among studies. To establish a comprehensive overview over the methodologies in use, we conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on health-related outcomes between January 1, 2020 and January 12, 2021 (n=248). We identified substantial variation in methodologies with respect to study setting, outcome, intervention, methodological approach, and effect assessment. On this basis, we point to shortcomings of existing studies and make recommendations for the design of future studies.
Multi-faceted analysis of COVID-19 epidemic in the Republic of Korea considering Omicron variant: Mathematical modeling-based study
Authors: Ko Youngsuk , Mendoza Victoria May , Mendoza Renier , Seo Yubin , Lee Jacob , Lee Jonggul , Kwon Donghyok , Jung Eunok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe most recent variant of concern, Omicron (B.1.1.529), has caused numerous cases worldwide including the Republic of Korea due to its fast transmission and reduced vaccine effectiveness.MethodsA mathematical model considering age-structure, vaccine, antiviral treatment, and influx of the Omicron variant was developed. We estimated transmission rates among age groups using maximum likelihood estimation for the age-structured model. The impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions (in community and border), quantified by a parameter μin the force of infection, and vaccination were examined through a multi-faceted analysis. A theory-based endemic equilibrium study was performed to find the manageable number of cases according to Omicron-and healthcare-related factors.ResultsBy fitting the model to the available data, the estimated values of μ ranged from 0.31 to 0.73, representing the intensity of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing level. If μ < 0.55 and 300,000 booster shots were administered daily from February 3, 2022, the number of severe cases was forecasted to exceed the severe bed capacity. Moreover, the number of daily cases is reduced as the timing of screening measures is delayed. If screening measure was intensified as early as November 24, 2021 and the number of overseas entrant cases was contained to 1 case per 10 days, simulations showed that the daily incidence by February 3, 2022 could have been reduced by 87%. Furthermore, we found that the incidence number in mid-December 2021 exceeded the theory-driven manageable number of daily cases.ConclusionNonpharmaceutical interventions, vaccination, and antiviral therapy influence the spread of Omicron and number of severe cases in the Republic of Korea. Intensive and early screening measures during the emergence of a new variant is key in controlling the epidemic size. Using the endemic equilibrium of the model, a formula for the manageable daily cases depending on the severity rate and average length of hospital stay was derived so that the number of severe cases does not surpass the severe bed capacity.
Treatment group outcome variance difference after dropout as an indicator of missing-not-at-random bias in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Hazewinkel Audinga-Dea , Tilling Kate , Wade Kaitlin H. , Palmer Tom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for assessing the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome, but are vulnerable to bias from missing data. When outcomes are missing not at random (MNAR), estimates from complete case analysis (CCA) will be biased. There is no statistical test for distinguishing between outcomes missing at random (MAR) and MNAR, and current strategies rely on comparing dropout proportions and covariate distributions, and using auxiliary information to assess the likelihood of dropout being associated with the outcome. We propose using the observed variance difference across treatment groups as a tool for assessing the risk of dropout being MNAR. In an RCT, at randomization, the distributions of all covariates should be equal in the populations randomized to the intervention and control arms. Under the assumption of homogeneous treatment effects, the variance of the outcome will also be equal in the two populations over the course of followup. We show that under MAR dropout, the observed outcome variances, conditional on the variables included in the model, are equal across groups, while MNAR dropout may result in unequal variances. Consequently, unequal observed conditional group variances are an indicator of MNAR dropout and possible bias of the estimated treatment effect. Heterogeneity of treatment effect affects the intervention group variance, and is another potential cause of observing different outcome variances. We show that, for longitudinal data, we can isolate the effect of MNAR outcome-dependent dropout by considering the variance difference at baseline in the same set of patients that are observed at final follow-up. We illustrate our method in simulation and in applications using individual-level patient data and summary data.
Public exams decrease anxiety and facilitate deeper conceptual thinking
Authors: Wiggins Benjamin , Lily Leah , Busch Carly , Landys Meta , Shlichta J. Gwen , Shi Tianhong , Ngwenyama Tandi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAssessment methods across post-secondary STEM education are traditionally constrained by logistics and likely contribute to the widespread inequities in STEM education outcomes. As part of attempts to improve and diversify the methods used in assessment, the authors have developed a flexible and low-tech style known as ‘public exams’ based in educational best practices. Public exams attempt to authentically involve students into the process of assessment through the use of pre-released portions of the exam. Using mixed-methods research techniques at a closely matched pair of institutions (a research-intensive university and a community college classroom), we observed signals of positive impact from the public exam on student learning experiences. Public exams appear to promote deeper thought, to direct students more efficiently to the core concepts in the discipline, and to decrease student anxiety around exams. The public exam experience does not show evidence for exacerbating gaps in exam outcomes for students from underrepresented backgrounds. This suggests that public exams are worth deeper investigation as an evidence-based and effective assessment style.