bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Analysis of Group B Streptococcus from Neonatal Sepsis Reveals Clonal CC17 Expansion and Virulence- and Resistance-Associated Traits After Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Lin-Qi , Yan Qing , Lee Chien-Chung , Hsu Mei-Hua , Liao Wan-Ting , Zhang Liang , Chiu Cheng-Hsun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of invasive neonatal infections. This study aimed to investigate the trend of GBS serotype and genotype change and their correlation with antimicrobial resistance before and after implementation of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).

Methods
We performed serotyping, whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based phylogenetic analysis on 238 invasive GBS isolates collected from October 1998 to February 2020 in Taiwan.

Results
There were 7 serotypes and 6 clonal complexes (CCs) among the 238 GBS isolates, and more than half of the isolates carried multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. The expansion of CC17 strains and the increase in late-onset disease occurred synchronously after the implementation of IAP. Analysis of the carriage isolates from pregnant women showed diverse serotype distribution in the IAP era. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all 238 strains were susceptible to ampicillin and penicillin, while the number of various resistance genes in GBS genomes was found increased with the expansion of CC17. Compared with reference genomes, 697 nonsynonymous SNPs in 443 protein-coding genes were CC17 specific.

Conclusions
The study revealed the expansion of GBS CC17 and the increase of late-onset disease that occurred simultaneously with the implementation of IAP. Although the susceptibility of CC17 to antimicrobial agents is not different from that of other sequence types at present, GBS with phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials may emerge in the future, given the environmental selection pressure and the continued accumulation of SNP mutations.
Cost–effectiveness of ticagrelor in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a European economic evaluation of the THEMIS trial
Authors: Steg Philippe Gabriel , Bhatt Deepak L , James Stefan K , Darlington Oliver , Hoskin Louise , Simon Tabassome , Fox Kim M , Leiter Lawrence A , Mehta Shamir R , Harrington Robert A , Himmelmann Anders , Ridderstråle Wilhelm , Andersson Marielle , Bueno Héctor , De Luca Leonardo , Tank Amarjeet , Mellström Carl , McEwan Phil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To conduct a health economic evaluation of ticagrelor in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) from a multinational payer perspective. Cost–effectiveness and cost–utility of ticagrelor were evaluated in the overall effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) trial population and in the predefined patient group with prior percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and results
A Markov model was developed to extrapolate patient outcomes over a lifetime horizon. The primary outcome was incremental cost–effectiveness ratios (ICERs), which were compared with conventional willingness-to-pay thresholds [€47 000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) in Sweden and €30 000/QALY in other countries].
Treatment with ticagrelor resulted in QALY gains of up to 0.045 in the overall population and 0.099 in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Increased costs and benefits translated to ICERs ranged between €27 894 and €42 252/QALY across Sweden, Germany, Italy, and Spain in the overall population. In patients with prior PCI, estimated ICERs improved to €18 449, €20 632, €20 233, and €13 228/QALY in Sweden, Germany, Italy, and Spain, respectively, driven by higher event rates and treatment benefit.

Conclusion
Based on THEMIS results, ticagrelor plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone may be cost–effective in some European countries in patients with T2DM and CAD and no prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke. Additionally, ticagrelor is likely to be cost–effective across European countries in patients with a history of PCI.
Identification of candidate genes involved in salt stress response at germination and seedling stages by QTL mapping in upland cotton
Authors: Guo Anhui , Su Ying , Nie Hushuai , Li Bin , Ma Xingkun , Hua Jinping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress at critical stages of seed germination and seedling establishment. Germination rate (GR) and field emergence rate (FER) are the key traits that determine the basic number of plants stand under field conditions. To explore molecular mechanisms in upland cotton under salt stress, a population of 177 recombinant inbred lines, and their parents were evaluated for seed germination traits (GP, germination potential; GR; FW, fresh weight; DW, dry weight; GL, germinal length) and seedling traits (FER; SH, seedling height; NL, number of main stem leaves) in 2016–2018. Based on the linkage map contained 2,859 single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers, traits under salt stress (E1) and normal conditions (E2), and in the converted relative index (R-value) dataset of 3 years’ trials were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL). A total of 3 QTL and 2 clusters were detected as salt-tolerant QTL. Three QTL (qGR-Chr4-3, qFER-Chr12-3, and qFER-Chr15-1) were detected under salt stress conditions and R-value dataset, which explained variance of phenotype 9.62–13.67%, and 4.2–4.72%, 4.75–8.96%, respectively. Two clusters (Loci-Chr4-2 and Loci-Chr5-4) harboring the QTL for 4 germination traits (GR, FER, GL, and NL) and 6 seedling traits (GR, FER, DW, FW, SH, and NL) were detected related under salt stress. A total of 691 genes were found in the candidate QTL or clusters. Among them, 4 genes (Gh_A04G1106, Gh_A05G3246, Gh_A05G3177, and Gh_A05G3266) showed expression differences between salt-sensitive and -tolerant lines under salt stress conditions, and were assigned as candidate genes in response to salt stress. The consistent salt-tolerance QTL identified in both germination and seedling stages will facilitate novel insights into effective utilization of cotton genetic resources.
Hypertension and mobile application for self-care, self-efficacy and related knowledge
Authors: Dwairej Lubna , Ahmad Muayyad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Managing hypertension is not only concerned with lowering blood pressure (BP) by using antihypertensive medications but also aims at minimizing its consequences through adopting self-care. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mobile application on self-care, BP control, self-efficacy and hypertension-related knowledge among adult patients with hypertension. A randomized design, two groups, pretest–posttest, between subjects with a 1:1 allocation ratio was used. The sample was selected from cardiology clinics has completed the study. Using a block randomization method, 57 of the participants were assigned to the intervention group receiving the educational application intervention, and 59 of them were assigned to the control group receiving usual care. The study’s findings showed that participants in the intervention group reported statistically significant higher self-care and knowledge scores than the participants in the control group after 8 weeks of receiving the study intervention. Additionally, compared with the control group participants, more participants in the intervention group demonstrated BP control. The educational application is effective in improving knowledge, self-care and BP control. The positive results indicate the value of integrating mobile applications in the care of patients with hypertension.
Quantitative Spectrophotometric Analysis of Celecoxib and Tramadol in Their Multimodal Analgesia Combination Tablets
Authors: Abdelazim Ahmed H , Ramzy Sherif , Abdel-Monem Ahmed H , Almrasy Ahmed A , Abdel-Fattah Ashraf , Shahin Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Pain is a global, complex health problem that includes physical, emotional, and social components. The pain management process has many goals, including patient satisfaction, reducing clinical complications, and lowering costs. The physician describes pain medications in terms of the proven cause and classification of the severity of the pain. The combination of celecoxib and tramadol was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2021 for the treatment of acute pain in adults.

Objective
This paper presents the first published quantitative analytical methods for celecoxib and tramadol.

Methods
The UV absorption spectra of celecoxib and tramadol showed strong overlap. Mathematical simultaneous equation and ratio difference methods were developed to resolve the spectral overlap and quantify the drugs in the combination mixture. In the simultaneous equation method, the absorbance and absorptivity values at 252 and 217 nm were used to construct two mathematical equations that were used for the simultaneous mathematical quantification of the above drugs. The mathematical manipulation of the ratio difference based on the calculation of the differences in the amplitude values between 250 and 280 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of celecoxib, and the differences in the amplitude values between 221 and 272 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of tramadol.

Results
The proposed methods were successfully applied to the selective quantitative analysis of celecoxib and tramadol in the synthetic mixtures and in the pharmaceutical tablets without interference from the tablet additives.

Conclusions
The applied methods demonstrated good linearity in the concentration range of 1–20 µg/mL and 3–45 µg/mL for celecoxib and tramadol, respectively, with acceptable accuracy and precision. The methods were found to be sensitive with LOD values of 0.183 µg/mL and 0.626 µg/mL for celecoxib and tramadol, respectively, in simultaneous equation method and of 0.275 µg/mL and 0.772 µg/mL for celecoxib and tramadol, respectively, in ratio difference method.

Highlights
The first established simple and validated UV spectrophotometric methods were described for concurrent quantification of the celecoxib and tramadol in their recently approved pharmaceutical formulation.
Genetic Analysis of Lung Cancer and the Germline Impact on Somatic Mutation Burden
Authors: Gabriel Aurélie A G , Atkins Joshua R , Penha Ricardo C C , Smith-Byrne Karl , Gaborieau Valerie , Voegele Catherine , Abedi-Ardekani Behnoush , Milojevic Maja , Olaso Robert , Meyer Vincent , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean François , Zaridze David , Mukeriya Anush , Swiatkowska Beata , Janout Vladimir , Schejbalová Miriam , Mates Dana , Stojšić Jelena , Ognjanovic Miodrag ,   the ILCCO consortium, Witte John S , Rashkin Sara R , Kachuri Linda , Hung Rayjean J , Kar Siddhartha , Brennan Paul , Sertier Anne-Sophie , Ferrari Anthony , Viari Alain , Johansson Mattias , Amos Christopher I , Foll Matthieu , McKay James D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Germline genetic variation contributes to lung cancer (LC) susceptibility. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated susceptibility loci involved in smoking behaviors and DNA repair genes, but further work is required to identify susceptibility variants.

Methods
To identify LC susceptibility loci, a family history-based genome-wide association by proxy (GWAx) of LC (48 843 European proxy LC patients, 195 387 controls) was combined with a previous LC GWAS (29 266 patients, 56 450 controls) by meta-analysis. Colocalization was used to explore candidate genes and overlap with existing traits at discovered susceptibility loci. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were tested within an independent validation cohort (1 666 LC patients vs 6 664 controls) using variants selected from the LC susceptibility loci and a novel selection approach using published GWAS summary statistics. Finally, the effects of the LC PRS on somatic mutational burden were explored in patients whose tumor resections have been profiled by exome (n = 685) and genome sequencing (n = 61). Statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
The GWAx–GWAS meta-analysis identified 8 novel LC loci. Colocalization implicated DNA repair genes (CHEK1), metabolic genes (CYP1A1), and smoking propensity genes (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2). PRS analysis demonstrated that these variants, as well as subgenome-wide significant variants related to expression quantitative trait loci and/or smoking propensity, assisted in LC genetic risk prediction (odds ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 1.45; P &lt; .001). Patients with higher genetic PRS loads of smoking-related variants tended to have higher mutation burdens in their lung tumors.

Conclusions
This study has expanded the number of LC susceptibility loci and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms by which these susceptibility variants contribute to LC development.
Power in the Post-Civil War Period: The Effect of Armed Conflict and Gender Quotas on Women in Political Leadership Positions
Authors: Meyer Cosima , Bolin Britt 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While research has shown that civil wars often significantly increase women's representation in politics, we know little about the long-term effect on women holding political leadership positions in post-civil war countries. We develop a new theoretical approach to explain how quotas affect women's long-term representation in post-civil war governments. We observe a higher share of women in cabinets after the end of civil wars. We argue that the interaction of civil wars and gender quotas that provide a legal framework for a certain share of women in political office makes it especially likely that women can retain long-term political power. In contrast, the effect on women's leadership over time is smaller in post-civil war countries without a quota. Utilizing a novel data set of female executive-branch leaders in sub-Saharan African countries from 2001 to 2018, we empirically test whether women in post-civil war countries have managed to gain a long-term hold on the progress they made in representation. Our findings show that for cabinet positions, the interplay of gender quota and civil war explains female political leaders’ longevity in post-civil war countries. This research has implications for understanding post-civil war situations and the conditions under which women retain political power.
NASP maintains histone H3–H4 homeostasis through two distinct H3 binding modes
Authors: Bao Hongyu , Carraro Massimo , Flury Valentin , Liu Yanhong , Luo Min , Chen Liu , Groth Anja , Huang Hongda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Histone chaperones regulate all aspects of histone metabolism. NASP is a major histone chaperone for H3–H4 dimers critical for preventing histone degradation. Here, we identify two distinct histone binding modes of NASP and reveal how they cooperate to ensure histone H3–H4 supply. We determine the structures of a sNASP dimer, a complex of a sNASP dimer with two H3 α3 peptides, and the sNASP–H3–H4–ASF1b co-chaperone complex. This captures distinct functionalities of NASP and identifies two distinct binding modes involving the H3 α3 helix and the H3 αN region, respectively. Functional studies demonstrate the H3 αN-interaction represents the major binding mode of NASP in cells and shielding of the H3 αN region by NASP is essential in maintaining the H3–H4 histone soluble pool. In conclusion, our studies uncover the molecular basis of NASP as a major H3–H4 chaperone in guarding histone homeostasis.
Rethinking Literacy in Rural England, 1550–1700
Authors: Hailwood Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Historians have long been accustomed to viewing ordinary men and women in the early modern English countryside as illiterate. They are thought to have had neither the opportunity nor the desire to acquire reading and writing skills that were superfluous to their everyday lives. This article challenges such a view. It draws on a sample of signed legal testimonies from the rural south-west of England, and pays particular attention to the different types of mark that deponents made. These marks have conventionally been treated as indicators of illiteracy. In fact, they reveal the existence of a hierarchy of writing skills, and widespread pen competency across social class and gender. This leads to a reassessment of how and why literacy skills might have been obtained by ordinary people. What emerges is that basic forms of literacy — the ability to make meaningful shapes with a pen, and the capacity to decipher individual letters — were both easy to pick up and of considerable utility when navigating the challenges of everyday rural life. The term ‘illiterate’ fails to do justice to this resourceful rural culture. The methodology deployed here could potentially be used to challenge assumptions of illiteracy in other times and places.
‘Why Stant this Word Heere’: Text, Gloss, and Voice in Hoccleve’s ‘Remonstrance to Oldcastle’
Authors: Griffiths Jane 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article is concerned with reading in Hoccleve’s ‘Remonstrance to Oldcastle’ (c. 1415), specifically with the way in which what the poem says about reading contrasts both with other aspects of Hoccleve’s advice and with the kind of reading that is encouraged by its mise-en-page. In his attempt to counter Oldcastle’s heretical beliefs, Hoccleve twice counsels against engaged, interpretative reading: first in his praise of the orthodox family who avoid textual criticism of Scripture; second in the famous passage where he advises Oldcastle to read romance rather than the Bible. The article argues that the glossing of the poem nonetheless encourages very active engagement with Hoccleve’s own text, that such engaged reading reveals his remonstrance to be directed at Henry V as much as Oldcastle, and that the programme of supposedly innocuous reading that he suggests for Oldcastle is one of the points where this is most apparent. Paying close attention both to Hoccleve’s sources and to the form in which the text appears in MS HM 111, it demonstrates that every aspect of the text begs the question that Hoccleve encourages Oldcastle not to ask: ‘Why stant this word heere?’
Fighting Rubella without Vaccines: The Danish Exception, 1941–1987
Authors: Berg Anne Hagen 
Published: April 2022

Summary
In the wake of isolating the rubella (German measles) virus in 1962, laboratories in several countries set out to develop a vaccine against the teratogenic disease. Denmark chose to eliminate congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by abortions, a strategy that differed markedly from other countries’ vaccination strategies. Danish health authorities sought to identify women entitled to therapeutic abortion and then developed a serological test with which to diagnose the presence of rubella in these women. While initially solving the problem, the Danish strategy eventually encountered other problems. This article examines the construction of rubella and CRS as problems confronting individual women in Denmark rather than as a public health challenge. Although health authorities and policymakers subsequently tried to introduce rubella vaccinations, the initially ground-breaking technology of serology tests and the institutional development established a path that proved difficult to change.
Groundbreaking new provisions in variation of BVI trusts
Authors: McKenzie Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The British Virgin Islands (BVI) has enacted innovative new trust legislation which includes provisions conferring on the BVI court an additional power to vary BVI trusts. The legislation, which is unique but which was inspired by section 47 of Bermuda’s Trustee Act 1975, on which it builds, only applies to (a) those trusts that were created after the legislation took effect but only in circumstances in which the trust instruments of which have expressly “opted in” to the new statutory provision and (b) those trusts, whenever created, that were previously governed by laws of another jurisdiction but only when an election has been made to “opt in” to the relevant provisions of the statute on changing the governing law of the trust to BVI law. Significantly the legislation potentially enables the dispositive provisions of a trust to be varied without the consent of its beneficiaries, but important and necessary safeguards have been included in the new statutory provisions so that an application will only succeed if it is considered by the court to be “expedient in the circumstances then existing” to vary the trust in the manner contemplated and the statute sets out in it the factors to which the court must have regard when making the relevant determination. The new statutory provision makes the establishment of BVI trusts and changing the governing law of a trust to the BVI attractive in circumstances in which beneficiaries are, say for tax reasons, unable themselves to consent to the relevant changes. It also permits variations in circumstances in which beneficiaries with remote interests might otherwise block certain variations which would plainly be in the interests of those who would be regarded as the trust’s principal beneficiaries.
7Jazz and American Popular Culture
Authors: Danesi Marcel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The four books reviewed here deal with the role that jazz has played in the origins and evolution of American popular culture and society more generally. The common subtext is that jazz initiated a veritable cultural revolution, providing America with its first true musical art form, as well as igniting the slow process towards the acceptance of African Americans as artists and cultural innovators, becoming the musical voice of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. The starting point of this revolution is the 1920s, appropriately named the Jazz Age, when it dawned on the young people of the era, who had embraced jazz as their own, that it was possible for all Americans to live and interact with each other on an equal footing, no matter their race, gender, or background. Jazz was rejected at first by the mainstream, denounced as disruptive of American values; but it eventually spread throughout the nation’s urban centers, providing the impetus for the emergence of a new and powerful form of culture, open to one and all—a culture that has shaped America ever since. As the books under review emphasize, albeit from different perspectives, a once condemned music ironically came forth to form the aesthetic backbone of American musical art. Moreover, there would be no distinctive American popular culture without jazz—both a musical and a social movement that continues to exert its influence to this day in America and, indeed, the world. This article is divided into six sections: 1. Introduction; 2. The Jazz Age; 3. Jazz and the Civil Rights Movement; 4. The Words of the Artists; 5. The Current State; 6. Conclusion.
A Rapid Transition to Virtual Simulation: The Creation of Virtual Simulation Doulas
Authors: Vandewark Aurora , Westmorland Miller Carrie , Brumbaugh Ian , Haywood Zoe , Bearden A. Tucker 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Following COVID-19-related closures of clinical and simulation learning sites, a Jesuit college of nursing made a two-week pivot from in-person to virtual clinical learning. In response, the simulation team reinvented their role to provide extensive support in the Jesuit pedagogical tradition. These self-titled “simulation doulas” removed all nonteaching tasks from faculty, remained available for questions and concerns, and became experts on the simulation platforms. The simulation doulas’ success in facilitating such rapid transition relied on remaining transparent in communication, anticipating needs, embracing adaptability, and conveying a spirit of empowerment to stakeholders.