bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic strategies for highly transparent and colorless polyimide film
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Ya‐Kun , Wu Da‐Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolyimide (PI) is one of the best engineering plastics with excellent thermal, mechanical, dielectric performance and chemical stability. Among various PI products, film is one of the most dominant types. If PI films are to be applied to optical devices and display equipment, it is necessary to improve their optical transparency in the ultraviolet–visible region. However, improving the optical transparency of PI films would affect their thermal performance including thermal and dimensional stability. Therefore, how to balance optical and thermal performance to obtain highly transparent PI films with the best overall performance becomes a focus of current research field. In this review, we categorize transparent PI films into highly transparent PI, transparent PI with high glass transition temperature (Tg) and transparent PI with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on their optical and thermal properties. Then, we review research progress in the field of polymer molecular design including synthesis strategies and properties in recent 5 years, to inspire research ideas and elaborate on the possible ways to develop high‐performance, colorless and transparent PI materials.
New abundance and survival estimates for the critically endangered Taiwanese white dolphin indicate no signs of recovery
Authors: Araújo‐Wang Claryana , Wang John Y. , Draghici Alexandru Marian , Ross Peter S. , Bonner Simon J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Small populations of cetaceans with restricted ranges are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. The assessment of demographic parameters for these populations can provide meaningful insight into the ways in which they are being impacted by different threats. The Taiwanese white dolphin (TWD), Sousa chinensis taiwanensis, is a subspecies endemic to Taiwan and is classified as Critically Endangered.
Multistate robust design mark–recapture models were fitted under a Bayesian framework to estimate demographic parameters and trends for the population from 2010 to 2018. Differences in these parameters by age category and the dolphins' use of their habitat were also explored. Abundance estimates varied from a maximum of 72 in 2010 (95% credible interval (CI) [65, 78]) to a minimum of 61 (95% CI [58, 64]) in 2017. In the oldest age category, abundance estimates varied from 10 (95% CI [10, 11]) in 2013 to 13 (95% CI [10, 13]) in 2016.
Modelling showed that, over time, the abundance of dolphins in the oldest age group remained stable, while the remainder of the population, which includes reproductive individuals, experienced a steady decline. This decline is bound to affect the demographic recovery of TWD.
Spatial heterogeneity indicated that some areas (i.e. with consistent high occurrences) likely represent important areas for biological functions of the TWD. This suggests that the recovery of the population may be enhanced with immediate and focused actions (such as the ban of gillnet fisheries) in these areas. However, with a small and declining population, reducing threats throughout their entire range is needed, including the new offshore windfarm development being constructed in and adjacent to the dolphin's range.
Concerted actions to address known threats, continued monitoring of the population, and education of stakeholders are needed to prevent the extinction of the TWDs.
MXene//MnO2 Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Voltages and High Energy Densities
Authors: Zheng Wei , Halim Joseph , Yang Li , Badr Hussein O. , Sun ZhengMing , Persson Per O. Å. , Rosen Johanna , Barsoum Michel W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (AASCs) can have high voltages and high energy densities. However, the rational design of AASCs with proper negative and positive electrodes remains a challenge. Herein, we report on an AASC using Mo1.33CTz MXene films as the negative electrode, and tetramethylammonium cation intercalated birnessite (TMA+‐MnO2) films as the positive electrode in a 21 mol kg−1 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiTFSI) electrolyte. Benefiting from a high, stable voltage of 2.5 V, an energy density of 86.5 Wh L−1 at 2 mV s−1 and a power density of 10.3 kW L−1 at 1 V s−1 were achieved. The cells also exhibit excellent cycling stability (>98 % after 1,0000 cycles at 100 mV s−1) and a 51.1 % voltage retention after 10 h. This good performance is attributed to the high stable potential window and high volumetric capacitances of both Mo1.33CTz and TMA+‐MnO2 electrodes in highly concentrated electrolytes. This work provides a roadmap for developing high performance AASCs with high voltages and high energy/power densities, with relatively slow self‐discharge rates.
A novel nomogram and risk classification system for predicting lymph node metastasis of breast mucinous carcinoma: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Wu Shuang‐Ling , Gai Jun Da , Yu Xin Miao , Mao Xiaoyun , Jin Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMucinous breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, and patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) have a poor prognosis. We aimed to explore the predictive factors of LNM and to construct a nomogram for predicting the risk of LNM and to identify the suitable axillary surgery for patients with diverse risks.Patients and MethodsData were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Chi‐square and rank‐sum tests were used to analyze the differences between groups. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests. Independent factor identification and nomogram construction were performed with logistic regression analysis. The nomogram was qualified with a discrimination and calibration plot. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the disparities between groups.ResultsPatients with metastatic lymph nodes have a worse prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that tumor size, grade, and age were independent risk factors for LNM. The nomogram constructed with these three factors can predict the risk of LNM with high accuracy (AUC: 0.767, 95% CI: 0.697–0.838) and good calibration. Based on the nomogram, a risk classification system satisfactorily stratified the patients into 3 groups with diverse risks of LNM. In the low‐risk group, there were no significant differences between sentinel lymph node biopsy and no axillary surgery. In the middle‐ and high‐risk groups, both SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection were superior to no axillary surgery, with similar survival benefits.ConclusionsThe nomogram based on tumor size, grade, and age could conveniently and accurately predict the risk of LNM in MBC and assist clinicians in optimizing surgical strategies.
Idiopathic osteoporosis, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and mast cell activation disorder in a 27‐year‐old male patient: A unique case presentation
Authors: Rattray Cameron 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA young male patient presents with widespread pain and varying chronic inflammatory symptoms for three years and idiopathic low bone density for more than ten years. Based on the patient’s clinical history, the patient has been diagnosed with an hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and mast cell activation disorder trifecta with affiliated inflammation‐induced osteoporosis.
Biphasic Dose‐Dependent G0/G1 and G2/M Cell‐Cycle Arrest by Synthetic 2,3‐Arylpyridylindole Derivatives in A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Chaiputtanapun Pongtai , Lirdprapamongkol Kriengsak , Thanaussavadate Bongkotrat , Phongphankhum Thanyaporn , Thippong Thanawit , Thangsan Poomsith , Montatip Phreeranat , Ngiwsara Lukana , Svasti Jisnuson , Chuawong Pitak 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA collection of 2,3‐arylpyridylindole derivatives were synthesized via the Larock heteroannulation and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against A549 human lung cancer cells. Two derivatives expressed good cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 1.18±0.25 μM and 0.87±0.10 μM and inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro, with molecular docking studies suggesting the binding modes of the compounds in the colchicine binding site. Both derivatives have biphasic cell cycle arrest effects depending on their concentrations. At a lower concentration (0.5 μM), the two compounds induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by activating the JNK/p53/p21 pathway. At a higher concentration (2.0 μM), the two derivatives arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase via Akt signaling and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Additional cytotoxic mechanisms of the two compounds involved the decreased expression of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 antiapoptotic proteins through inhibition of the STAT3 and Akt signaling pathways.
Doping and Vacancy Engineering in a Sandwich‐like g‐C3N4/NiCo2O4 Heterostructure for Robust Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Zhang Qingqing , Shen Zong‐Yang , Zhang Haiqi , Wang Tao , Liu Zhenyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, N doping and O vacancy were simultaneously introduced into a g‐C3N4/NiCo2O4 heterostructure by a simple reflux and calcination strategy. The constructed g‐C3N4 displayed a porous lamellar structure with N‐doped carbon. Furthermore, numerous ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets with abundant O vacancies tend to grow vertically on the porous g‐C3N4 lamellar, forming a sandwich‐like heterostructure. The prepared sandwich‐like g‐C3N4/NiCo2O4 heterostructure exhibited excellent oxygen evolution reduction (OER) activity with a low overpotential of 294 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, the heterostructure presented superior long‐term stability, retaining a current density of 97.9% after a 50 h chronoamperometry test. The outstanding OER performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of doping and vacancy engineering in the catalyst, the strong coupling interaction between g‐C3N4 and NiCo2O4, and the porous sandwich‐like structure with abundant active sites. Therefore, the synthetic strategy of g‐C3N4/NiCo2O4 heterostructure can be extended to fabricate high‐performance noble metal‐free electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Modifying the Hydrogenation Activity of Zeolite Beta for Enhancing the Yield and Selectivity for Fuel‐Range Alkanes from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Dokania Abhay , Ramirez Adrian , Shterk Genrikh , Cerrillo Jose Luis , Gascon Jorge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn order to empower a circular carbon economy for addressing global CO2 emissions, the production of carbon‐neutral fuels is especially desired, since addressing the global fuel demand via this route has the potential to significantly mitigate carbon emissions. In this study, we report a multifunctional catalyst combination consisting of a potassium promoted iron catalyst (Fe−K) and platinum containing zeolite beta (Pt‐beta) which produces an almost entirely paraffinic mixture (up to C10 hydrocarbons) via CO2 hydrogenation in one step. Here, the Fe catalyst is responsible for modified Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis from CO2 while Pt‐beta is instrumental in tuning the product distribution almost entirely towards paraffins (both linear and branched) presumably via a combination of cracking and hydrogenation. The optimal temperature of operation was estimated to be 325 °C for the production of higher paraffins (C5–C10) with a selectivity of ca. 28 % at a CO2 conversion of ca. 31 %.
Improving the Photostability of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ by Embedment in Silica
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhou Shiyan , Li Bo , Liu Xueyang , Chen Hongyu , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a classical photosensitizer model, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ possesses excellent photochemical properties and plays a critical role in photocatalysis. Improving the photostability of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is still a challenge, as its ligands are easily lost upon light irradiation. It is thus of importance to understand the mechanisms of photo‐instability and to explore counter measures. Herein, we demonstrate that loading [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in silica could greatly suppress its photodissociation of ligands, thus improving its photocatalytic activity. By integrating nano‐stirbars with [Ru(bpy)3]2+‐silica nanocomposites, the heterogeneous catalysis showed improved activity and recyclability. We believe that the preservation of the ligand sphere in embedded complexes would facilitate regioselectivity and enantioselectivity in conventional heterogeneous catalysis.
Challenges and vision of wireless optical and acoustic communication in underwater environment
Authors: Menaka Deivasigamani , Gauni Sabitha , Manimegalai Chellapan Thangappan , Kalimuthu Krishnan 
Published: May 2022

SummaryUnderwater Wireless Communication is a rapidly growing technology in the research domain. The researchers have been working towards the developments in underwater communication by investigating climatic changes, prediction of natural disasters, marine environment, monitoring aquatic life, oceanographic transmission, and data collection. The main objective of underwater communication is to achieve lossless, high transmission with the least power consumption. The Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are set up with remote instruments and sensors to enable the natural exploration of the resources in the undersea environment. This research article is based on the study of various modes of communication, architectures, and protocol layers involved in underwater communication. Furthermore, an underwater hybrid connection is established by opto‐acoustic signals, and the overview of various performance characteristics, channel behaviors, and issues in the underwater scenario are investigated.
Impact of B‐lines‐guided intensive heart failure management on outcome of discharged heart failure patients with residual B‐lines
Authors: Zhu Yunlong , Li Na , Wu Mingxing , Peng Zhiliu , Huang Haobo , Zhao Wenjiao , Yi Liqing , Liao Min , Liu Zhican , Peng Yiqun , Zhou Yuying , Lu Jinxin , Li Guohua , Zeng Jianping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsPulmonary congestion (PC) expressed by residual lung ultrasound B‐lines (LUS‐BL) could exist in some discharged heart failure (HF) patients, which is a known determinant of poor outcomes. Detection efficacy for PC is suboptimal with widely used imaging modalities, like X‐ray or echocardiography, while lung ultrasound (LUS) can sufficiently detect PC by visualizing LUS‐BL. In this trial, we sought to evaluate the impact LUS‐BL‐guided intensive HF management post‐discharge on outcome of HF patients discharged with residual LUS‐BL up to 1 year after discharge. IMP‐OUTCOME is a prospective, single‐centre, single‐blinded, randomized cohort study, which is designed to investigate if LUS‐BL‐guided intensive HF management post‐discharge in patients with residual LUS‐BL could improve the clinical outcome up to 1 year after discharge or not.Methods and resultsAfter receiving the standardized treatment of HF according to current guidelines, 318 patients with ≥3 LUS‐BL assessed by LUS within 48 h before discharge will be randomly divided into the conventional HF management group and the LUS‐BL‐guided intensive HF management group at 1:1 ratio. Patient‐related basic clinical data including sex, age, blood chemistry, imaging examination, and drug utilization will be obtained and analysed. LUS‐BL will be assessed at 2 month interval post‐discharge in both groups, but LUS‐BL results will be enveloped in the conventional HF management group, and diuretics will be adjusted based on symptom and physical examination results with or without knowing the LUS‐BL results. Echocardiography examination will be performed for all patients at 12 month post‐discharge. The primary endpoint is consisted of the composite of readmission for worsening HF and all‐cause death during follow up as indicated. The secondary endpoints consisted of the change in the New York Heart Association classification, Duke Activity Status Index, N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide value, malignant arrhythmia event and 6 min walk distance at each designed follow up, echocardiography‐derived left ventricular ejection fraction, and number of LUS‐BL at 12 month post‐discharge. Safety profile will be recorded and managed accordingly for all patients.ConclusionsThis trial will explore the impact of LUS‐BL‐guided intensive HF management on the outcome of discharged HF patients with residual LUS‐BL up to 1 year after discharge in the era of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blocker‐neprilysin inhibitor.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05035459
Distinct pathophysiological pathways in women and men with heart failure
Authors: Ravera Alice , Santema Bernadet T. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Anker Stefan D. , Samani Nilesh J. , Lang Chim C. , Ng Leong , Cleland John G.F. , Dickstein Kenneth , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Van Spall Harriette G. C. , Filippatos Gerasimos , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Metra Marco , Voors Adriaan A. , Sama Iziah E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsClinical differences between women and men have been described in heart failure (HF). However, less is known about the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, we compared multiple circulating biomarkers to gain better insights into differential HF pathophysiology between women and men.Methods and resultsIn 537 women and 1485 men with HF, we compared differential expression of a panel of 363 biomarkers. Then, we performed a pathway over‐representation analysis to identify differential biological pathways in women and men. Findings were validated in an independent HF cohort (575 women, 1123 men). In both cohorts, women were older and had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In the index and validation cohorts respectively, we found 14/363 and 12/363 biomarkers that were relatively up‐regulated in women, while 21/363 and 14/363 were up‐regulated in men. In both cohorts, the strongest up‐regulated biomarkers in women were leptin and fatty acid binding protein‐4, compared to matrix metalloproteinase‐3 in men. Similar findings were replicated in a subset of patients from both cohorts matched by age and LVEF. Pathway over‐representation analysis revealed increased activity of pathways associated with lipid metabolism in women, and neuro‐inflammatory response in men (all p < 0.0001).ConclusionIn two independent cohorts of HF patients, biomarkers associated with lipid metabolic pathways were observed in women, while biomarkers associated with neuro‐inflammatory response were more active in men. Differences in inflammatory and metabolic pathways may contribute to sex differences in clinical phenotype observed in HF, and provide useful insights towards development of tailored HF therapies.
Electroconductive Green Metal‐polyaniline Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Application in Sensors
Authors: Kyomuhimbo Hilda Dinah , Feleni Usisipho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is one of the most extensively used conducting polymer due to its fascinating properties including conducting, thermal, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties, simple synthesis procedure and low cost of monomer. It has attracted major attention in a variety of applications including electrochemical sensors, catalysts, supercapacitors and biosensors. However, its limitations such as insolubility in common solvents, low process‐ability and poor mechanical properties have led to the development of new approaches to improve it properties. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) such as silver, gold, copper and palladium have been combined with PANI to improve on its properties which has led to a new class of materials known as metal/PANI nanocomposites. These hybrid nanocomposites incorporate advantages of both MNPs and polymers which effectively improves the properties of the individual materials. Various synthesis techniques including in situ polymerization, ɤ‐radiolysis, electrodeposition, complexation, vacuum deposition and interfacial polymerization have been used in the formation of metal/PANI nanocomposites. These nanocomposites have been used in various sensor and biosensor applications due to their excellent conductivity, ease of synthesis, excellent redox potentials, chemical and thermal stability. This review highlights the various metal/PANI nanocomposites, their various synthesis techniques and their application in sensors and biosensors. The importance of these nanocomposites in sensing and signaling various toxic heavy metals such as mercury, lead and silver and toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and chloroform has been discussed. In addition the review covers the applications of metal/PANI nanocomposites in biosensor systems for the detection of glucose, DNA, protein, cholesterol, drugs and hydrogen peroxide.
Developing a new model in solar radiation estimation with genetic algorithm method
Authors: Kaplan Yusuf Alper , Saraç Mimar Sinan , Ünaldı Gülizar Gizem 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new model was developed to estimate solar radiation using the genetic algorithm method in the MATLAB program. When the literature was reviewed, it is observed that there are a lot of different methods used to estimate solar radiation. In the literature review, it was seen that the genetic algorithm approach was not used in solar radiation estimation before. In this study, the coefficients of the Angstrom equation were calculated through a genetic algorithm by using the 5‐year solar radiation data of Adana province, and accordingly, a new model was developed. The suggested model was compared to various models published in the literature for determining the solar radiation density of the given region. It was evaluated that the new developed model using a genetic algorithm has acceptable performance for estimating solar radiation.
Oxy‐ and air‐ammonia premixed combustion in a two‐inlet cyclone combustor
Authors: Bektaş Abdulkadir 
Published: May 2022

SummaryMany scientists have received significant attention since ammonia comprises a carbon‐free chemical and could be derived from renewable hydrogen and air‐separated nitrogen. Most of them think it could be an alternative fuel rather than methane in a cyclonic burner. The main goal of this study is to investigate the possible ways of using ammonia as a clean and sustainable fuel. For this purpose, we first investigated the premixed oxy‐ammonia combustion behaviour using a two‐inlet cyclone combustor. Then, the findings values are compared with the combustion performance of air‐ammonia and air‐methane combustion. Cyclone combustors provide improved mixing quality and longer combustion residence time. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used in this study to estimate the temperature and emissions levels. The findings demonstrate that the highest predicted temperature values of oxy‐ammonia combustion (1828 K) are higher than air‐methane (1538 K) and air‐ammonia combustion (994 K). In addition, NOx emissions have been predicted by post‐processing the CFD code used in this study. According to predicted NOx levels, oxygen usage as an oxidizer rather than air significantly influences NOx emission levels due to thermal and fuel NOx mechanisms. The NOx levels of stoichiometric combustion are higher than the fuel‐rich combustion in all cases. Besides, the lowest NO emission levels are predicted under fuel‐rich conditions of ammonia at the combustor outlet. It is also determined that while the highest axial velocity values occur in the flame regions, ammonia's highest laminar burning velocity is achieved under the fuel‐rich states with Ø = 1.1 for oxy‐ammonia. Therefore, it is concluded that oxy‐ammonia combustion has a more significant combustion performance than air‐methane combustion with the robust whirling flow, sound mixing, and combustion structure.