bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebello‐cerebral resting‐state functional connectivity in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Guo Jing , Jiang Zhouyu , Liu Xinyuan , Li Haoru , Biswal Bharat B. , Zhou Bo , Sheng Wei , Gao Qing , Chen Hui , Fan Yunshuang , Zhu Wenyan , Wang Jian , Chen Huafu , Liu Chen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor and nonmotor deficits concomitant with degenerative pathophysiological changes within the cerebellum. The cerebellum is topographically organized into cerebello‐cerebral circuits that create distinct functional networks regulating movement, cognition, and affect. SCA3‐associated motor and nonmotor symptoms are possibly related not only to intracerebellar changes but also to disruption of the connectivity within these cerebello‐cerebral circuits. However, to date, no comprehensive investigation of cerebello‐cerebral connectivity in SCA3 has been conducted. The present study aimed to identify cerebello‐cerebral functional connectivity alterations and associations with downstream clinical phenotypes and upstream topographic markers of cerebellar neurodegeneration in patients with SCA3. This study included 45 patients with SCA3 and 49 healthy controls. Voxel‐based morphometry and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to characterize the cerebellar atrophy and to examine the cerebello‐cerebral functional connectivity patterns. Structural MRI confirmed widespread gray matter atrophy in the motor and cognitive cerebellum of patients with SCA3. We found reduced functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortical networks, including the somatomotor, frontoparietal, and default networks; however, increased connectivity was observed between the cerebellum and the dorsal attention network. These abnormal patterns correlated with the CAG repeat expansion and deficits in global cognition. Our results indicate the contribution of cerebello‐cerebral networks to the motor and cognitive impairments in patients with SCA3 and reveal that such alterations occur in association with cerebellar atrophy. These findings add important insights into our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in SCA3.
“You can't hide your children anywhere”: Perceptions of organizational support for work‐life during the pandemic among academic couples who parent
Authors: Culpepper Dawn K. , Blake Daniel J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has refocused higher education on issues of work‐life conflict among faculty members with children. This study draws from interviews with 13 heterosexual couples (26 participants) who were employed as faculty members and who cared for at least one child during the pandemic. Using the theory of perceived organizational support, we considered how institutional actions shaped the extent to which academic couples who parent felt supported in managing pandemic‐related work‐life conflict. We found centralized mechanisms for sharing concerns, innovative childcare resources, and flexibility and transparent communication enhanced participants' sense of organizational support, while inaction and unsystematic institutional responses undermined perceptions of organizational support. Our findings are consistent with past work on the relationship between organizational policies and resources and perceptions of organizational support, but also suggest alternative strategies for institutions that want to enhance perceived and real support for academic couples who parent.
Adoption of adjuvant chemotherapy in high‐risk salivary gland malignancies
Authors: Gordon Alex J. , Chow Michael S. , Patel Aneek , Hu Kenneth S. , Li Zujun , Jacobson Adam S. , Vaezi Alec E. , Tam Moses M. , Givi Babak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study characterizes national trends in the utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy to treat salivary gland malignancies.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for salivary gland malignancies treated by surgery with radiation in 2004–2019. Proportions of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy over the study period were analyzed by linear regression. The impact of chemotherapy on overall survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses.ResultsAmong 15 965 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 2355 (14.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy utilization significantly increased from 4.9% to 16.5% over the study period (p < 0.001). No survival benefit was observed with adjuvant chemotherapy on propensity score‐matched Kaplan–Meier analysis (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.86–1.11; p = 0.72) or multivariable Cox regression (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.78–1.09; p = 0.34).ConclusionsAdjuvant chemotherapy has been increasingly utilized to treat salivary gland malignancies in recent years. Our findings highlight the importance of obtaining high‐quality prospective data regarding the benefit of chemotherapy.
Circulating cell‐free DNA for target quantification in hematologic malignancies: Validation of a protocol to overcome pre‐analytical biases
Authors: Soscia Roberta , Della Starza Irene , De Novi Lucia Anna , Ilari Caterina , Ansuinelli Michela , Cavalli Marzia , Bellomarino Vittorio , Cafforio Luciana , Di Trani Mariangela , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Fazio Grazia , Santoro Alessandra , Salemi Domenico , Spinelli Orietta , Tosi Manuela , Terragna Carolina , Robustelli Valentina , Bellissimo Teresa , Colafigli Gioia , Breccia Massimo , Chiaretti Sabina , Di Rocco Alice , Martelli Maurizio , Guarini Anna , Del Giudice Ilaria , Foà Robin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become the most investigated analyte in blood. It is shed from the tumor into the circulation and represents a subset of the total cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) pool released into the peripheral blood. In order to define if ctDNA could represent a useful tool to monitor hematologic malignancies, we analyzed 81 plasma samples from patients affected by different diseases. The results showed that: (i) the comparison between two different extraction methods Qiagen (Hilden, Germany) and Promega (Madison, WI) showed no significant differences in cfDNA yield, though the first recovered higher amounts of larger DNA fragments; (ii) cfDNA concentrations showed a notable inter‐patient variability and differed among diseases: acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia released higher amounts of cfDNA than chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma released higher cfDNA quantities than localized and advanced follicular lymphoma; (iii) focusing on the tumor fraction of cfDNA, the quantity of ctDNA released was insufficient for an adequate target quantification for minimal residual disease monitoring; (iv) an amplification system proved to be free of analytical biases and efficient in increasing ctDNA amounts at diagnosis and in follow‐up samples as shown by droplet digital PCR target quantification. The protocol has been validated by quality control rounds involving external laboratories. To conclusively document the feasibility of a ctDNA‐based monitoring of patients with hematologic malignancies, more post‐treatment samples need to be evaluated. This will open new possibilities for ctDNA use in the clinical practice.
Lifelines for a drowning science ‐ improving findability and synthesis of hydrologic publications
Authors: Stein Lina , Mukkavilli S. Karthik , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreasing publication numbers make it difficult to keep up with knowledge evolution in a science like hydrology. Here we give recommendations to authors and journals for writing future‐proof articles that contribute to knowledge accumulation and synthesis.
Rapid mobilization of old water during urban stormflow
Authors: Ariano Sarah S. , Oswald Claire J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUrban landscapes do not easily fit into common conceptual models of streamflow generation because extensive impervious surfaces, artificial drainage via sewers, stormwater control measures, and the removal of vegetation substantially modify the pathways rainfall and meltwater take to streams. Hydrologic responses are well characterized for urban streams, however, the relative sources and flow pathways of water within urban landscapes are relatively understudied compared with undisturbed areas. Different water sources (e.g. groundwater, or ‘old’ water, rainfall, or ‘new’ water) can have distinct chemical characteristics whose mixing determines the quality of streamwater. In this study, we investigated the relative contribution of different sources of water (pre‐event water/groundwater, rainfall, wastewater, and tap water) to urban stormflow. Water samples were collected from three highly urban streams (65%–89% impervious cover) during 11 storm events and analysed for stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in water (δ18O and δ2H). Precipitation samples were collected from a nearby precipitation collector to characterize the isotopic signature of new water inputs. Isotopic hydrograph separation (IHS) was used to estimate the relative proportion of new and old water in each event. The IHS results indicated that 25%–63% (δ18O) of the storm hydrograph was old water. For 9 of the 11 storms, the peak in old water contribution coincided with peak flow. These results are similar to findings from IHS studies in undisturbed catchments which suggests that under certain conditions (i.e. low intensity, long duration rainfall) the contribution of old water to stormflow in urban catchments is of a similar magnitude to undisturbed catchments. The use of tracer data is important for further exploring the conceptual model of streamflow generation that suggests that new water dominates stormflow in flashy and heavily urbanized catchments, and can be useful for characterizing the role of greenspaces and storm characteristics on water partitioning.
Patient preferences for active surveillance vs standard surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal cancer treatment: The NOSANO‐study
Authors: Hermus Merel , van der Wilk Berend J. , Chang Rebecca T. H. , Collee Gerlise , Noordman Bo J. , Coene Peter‐Paul L. O. , Dekker Jan Willem T. , Hartgrink Henk H. , Heisterkamp Joos , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Rosman Camiel , Timmermans Liesbeth , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. , van der Zijden Charlène J. , Busschbach Jan J. , van Lanschot J. Jan B. , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , Kranenburg Leonieke W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractActive surveillance may be a safe and effective treatment in oesophageal cancer patients with a clinically complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). In the NOSANO‐study we gained insight in patients' motive to opt for either an experimental treatment called active surveillance or for standard immediate surgery. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses methods were used. Forty patients were interviewed about their treatment preference, 3 months after completion of nCRT (T1). Data were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed according to the principles of grounded theory. In addition, at T1 and T2 (12 months after completion of nCRT) questionnaires on health‐related quality of life, coping, anxiety and decisional regret (only T2) were administered. Interview data analyses resulted in a conceptual model with ‘dealing with threat of cancer’ as the central theme. Patients preferring active surveillance tend to cope with this threat by confiding in their bodies and good outcomes. Their mind‐set is one of ‘enjoy life now’. Patients preferring surgery tend to cope by minimizing uncertainty and eliminating the source of cancer. Their mind‐set is one of ‘don't give up, act now’. Furthermore, questionnaire results showed that patients with a preference for standard surgery had a lower quality of life. Patient preferences are individualized and thus difficult to predict. Our model can help healthcare professionals to determine patient preferences for treatment. Coping style and mind‐set seem to be determining factors here.
Incidence of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in Denmark from 2000 to 2019: Population impact of multi‐cohort vaccination against human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Ring Linea Landgrebe , Munk Christian , Galanakis Michael , Tota Joseph E. , Thomsen Louise T. , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Denmark, vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implemented in the children's vaccination program (January 2009) and in multiple catch‐up cohorts (October 2008 in girls 13‐15 years and in August 2012 in women up to 27 years). In the present study we estimate incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) during 2000‐2019. All cases of CIN3 and AIS were identified from the nationwide Pathology Data Bank, while SCC and AC were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry. We calculated age‐standardized incidence rates and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the periods before vaccination implementation (2000‐2005), early after implementation of childhood HPV vaccination and the first catch‐up vaccination program (2006‐2012), and after implementation of the second catch‐up program (2013‐2019). For CIN3 and AIS, age‐specific incidence rates and EAPCs were calculated. An increasing age‐standardized incidence was observed before introduction of HPV vaccination (2000‐2005) for CIN3 [EAPCCIN3: 3.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 4.3)] and AIS [EAPCAIS: 3.5 (95% CI 0.7 to 6.4)]. In the most recent period (2013‐2019), following implementation of the second catch‐up program, a decrease was observed for both CIN3 [EAPCCIN3: ‐6.5 (95% CI ‐8.3 to −4.8)], AIS [EAPCAIS: ‐8.7 (95% CI ‐12.3 to −5.1)] and for SCC [EAPCSCC: ‐3.9 (95% CI ‐7.5 to −0.2)]. In this study we document a decrease in the incidence of CIN3, AIS and SCC in the period after implementation of multi‐cohort HPV vaccination in Denmark.
More than a buzz word: Building diversity, equity, and inclusion into pharmacy residency recruitment
Authors: Hovey Sara W. , Arif Sally A. , Khan Ayesha M. , Hyderi Alifiya F. , Varughese Christy , Peksa Gary D. , Flint Nora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are increasingly recognized as important within the health care environment, however, persons of marginalized backgrounds remain underrepresented in the health care workforce. In recent years, pharmacy organizations have risen to the national call to address structural racism by summoning an increased focus on DEI within the profession, including post‐graduate pharmacy training programs. Despite this increased focus, specific steps to increase DEI and decrease discrimination within individual programs remain difficult to ascertain. In this “How To” article, we discuss steps taken to increase DEI within a pharmacy residency program at a major academic medical center including changes made to residency recruitment practices and preceptor education.
Studying the genotoxic effects of high intensity terahertz radiation on fibroblasts and CNS tumor cells
Authors: Sitnikov Dmitry S. , Revkova Veronika A. , Ilina Inna V. , Gurova Svetlana A. , Komarov Pavel S. , Struleva Evgenia V. , Konoplyannikov Mikhail A. , Kalsin Vladimir A. , Baklaushev Vladimir P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe data is obtained on the effect of high‐intensity pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation with a broad spectrum (0.2–3 THz) on cell cultures. We have evaluated the threshold exposure parameters of THz radiation causing genotoxic effects in fibroblasts. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser 139 (γH2AX) was chosen as a marker for genotoxicity and a quantitative estimation of γH2AX foci number in fibroblasts was performed after cell irradiation with THz pulses for 30 min. No genotoxic effects of THz radiation were observed in fibroblasts unless peak intensity and electric field strength exceeded 21 GW cm−2 and 2.8 MV cm−1, respectively. In tumor cell lines (neuroblastoma (SK‐N‐BE (2)) and glioblastoma (U87)), exposure to THz pulses with peak intensity of 21 GW cm−2 for 30 min caused no morphological changes as well as no statistically significant increase in histone phosphorylation foci number.
Degradation of Bone Quality in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: LLabre Joan E , Gil Cristianel , Amatya Neha , Lagalwar Sarita , Possidente Bernard , Vashishth Deepak 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAlzheimer′s disease (AD) patients present with symptoms such as impairment of insulin signaling, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, there are comorbidities associated with AD progression. For example, osteoporosis is common with AD wherein patients exhibit reduced mineralization and a risk for fragility fractures. However, there is a lack of understanding on the effects of AD on bone beyond loss of bone density. To this end, we investigated the effects of AD on bone quality using the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model in which 12-month-old 5XFAD mice showed accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ42) compared with wild-type (WT) littermates (n = 10/group; 50% female, 50% male). Here, we observed changes in cortical bone but not in cancellous bone quality. Both bone mass and bone quality, measured in femoral samples using imaging (micro-CT, confocal Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction [XRD]), mechanical (fracture tests), and chemical analyses (biochemical assays), were altered in the 5XFAD mice compared with WT. Micro-CT results showed 5XFAD mice had lower volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) and increased endocortical bone loss. XRD results showed decreased mineralization with smaller mineral crystals. Bone matrix compositional properties, from Raman, showed decreased crystallinity along with higher accumulation of glycoxidation products and glycation products, measured biochemically. 5XFAD mice also demonstrated loss of initiation and maximum toughness. We observed that carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and mineralization correlated with initiation toughness, whereas crystal size and pentosidine (PEN) correlated with maximum toughness, suggesting bone matrix changes predominated by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and altered/poor mineral quality explained loss of fracture toughness. Our findings highlight two pathways to skeletal fragility in AD through alteration of bone quality: (i) accumulation of AGEs; and (ii) loss of crystallinity, decreased crystal size, and loss of mineralization. We observed that the accumulation of amyloidosis in brain correlated with an increase in several AGEs, consistent with a mechanistic link between elevated Aβ42 levels in the brain and AGE accumulation in bone. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Relief of CoA sequestration and restoration of mitochondrial function in a mouse model of propionic acidemia
Authors: Subramanian Chitra , Frank Matthew W. , Tangallapally Rajendra , Yun Mi‐Kyung , White Stephen W. , Lee Richard E. , Rock Charles O. , Jackowski Suzanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPropionic acidemia (PA, OMIM 606054) is a devastating inborn error of metabolism arising from mutations that reduce the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme propionyl‐CoA carboxylase (PCC). The defects in PCC reduce the concentrations of nonesterified coenzyme A (CoASH), thus compromising mitochondrial function and disrupting intermediary metabolism. Here, we use a hypomorphic PA mouse model to test the effectiveness of BBP‐671 in correcting the metabolic imbalances in PA. BBP‐671 is a high‐affinity allosteric pantothenate kinase activator that counteracts feedback inhibition of the enzyme to increase the intracellular concentration of CoA. Liver CoASH and acetyl‐CoA are depressed in PA mice and BBP‐671 treatment normalizes the cellular concentrations of these two key cofactors. Hepatic propionyl‐CoA is also reduced by BBP‐671 leading to an improved intracellular C3:C2‐CoA ratio. Elevated plasma C3:C2‐carnitine ratio and methylcitrate, hallmark biomarkers of PA, are significantly reduced by BBP‐671. The large elevations of malate and α‐ketoglutarate in the urine of PA mice are biomarkers for compromised tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and BBP‐671 therapy reduces the amounts of both metabolites. Furthermore, the low survival of PA mice is restored to normal by BBP‐671. These data show that BBP‐671 relieves CoA sequestration, improves mitochondrial function, reduces plasma PA biomarkers, and extends the lifespan of PA mice, providing the preclinical foundation for the therapeutic potential of BBP‐671.
Evaluation of CORDEX‐CORE regional climate models in simulating rainfall variability in Rwanda
Authors: Safari Bonfils , Sebaziga Joseph Ndakize , Siebert Asher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, three regional climate models (RCMs), CCLM5‐0‐15, RegCM4‐7 and REMO2015, from CORDEX‐CORE (AFR‐22) are evaluated in their ability to reproduce rainfall variability in Rwanda for the period 1981–2005. They are driven by three different global climate models (GCMs), namely MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR, NCC‐NorESM1‐M and MOHC‐HadGEM2‐ES, and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ECMWF‐ERAINT). Simulated rainfall is evaluated against observations from Rwanda Meteorology Agency to assess models' performance. A set of metrics are used to quantify discrepancies of models' simulations from observations. A possible association of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) to rainfall over Rwanda is investigated. It is found that in general, all RCMs, their ensemble and multimodel ensemble means reproduce satisfactorily the spatial distribution of the mean seasonal rainfall (MSR), the mean rainfall annual cycle, and the interannual variability of the MSR for both March–April–May (MAM) and October–November–December (OND). However, significant biases in individual RCMs are observed with varying magnitude of bias in space. Observed MSR indicates a positive trend of 0.045 and 0.058 mm·day·year−1, respectively, for MAM and OND at 0.05 significance level, but almost all models indicate no significant trend (at 0.05 significance level). The seasonal correlations between observed rainfall anomalies and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies indices across the tropical Pacific (Niño1+2 and Niño3.4) and Indian Oceans associated, respectively, with ENSO and IOD, although relatively weak, are reproduced by the three RCMs driven by ECMWF‐ERAINT and the multimodel ensemble means of ECMWF‐ERAINT and MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR. Analysis of the Taylor diagram indicates that CCLM5‐0‐15_MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR and the multimodel ensemble mean of MPI‐M‐MPI‐ESM‐LR outperform individual models. Overall, the evaluation finds reasonable model skill in representing seasonal rainfall climatology and variability, suggesting the potential use of CORDEX‐CORE (AFR‐22) RCMs for the assessment of future climate projections in Rwanda.