bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Z‐scheme 2D/2D Bi4O5Br2/BiOCl heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for RhB degradation
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Xiao Xinyan , Lu Mingli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the rapid development of industry and commerce, organic pollutants such as RhB are detrimental to human health and living environment. As a promising technology for treating the organic pollutants in wastewater, photocatalysis technology has received worldwide attention. For practical application, a novel photocatalyst with superior photocatalytic activity should be developed.RESULTSA novel Bi4O5Br2/BiOCl (BC2) heterojunction photocatalyst with 2D/2D structure was fabricated via a facile one‐pot solvothermal method. Compared with pure Bi4O5Br2 and BiOCl, the BC2 heterojunction exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance which reached 91% photodegradation efficiency for RhB under 120 min irradiation of simulated solar‐light at pH 7. And 99% RhB was degraded by BC2 under 60 min irradiation at pH 6.CONCLUSIONAccording to experimental and characterization analytical results, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi4O5Br2/BiOCl (BC2) heterojunction could be attributed to the following four points: (i) The BC2 heterojunction with excellent visible light response could effectively utilize the simulated solar‐light. (ii) The more negative surface electronegativity of BC2 favored the adsorption of RhB during the photodegradation process. (iii) The 2D/2D BC2 heterojunction had large interface region and internal electric field, thus it displayed superior carriers transfer capability and enhanced charge separation efficiency. (iv) The carriers transfer mechanism of Z‐scheme could hinder the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and endow this photocatalyst with enough redox capacity to degrade RhB. Moreover, slightly acidic condition (pH 6) could promote degradation of RhB, due to the enhanced adsorption capacity of BC2 heterojunction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Osteotomy training for dental students using three‐dimensional simulation software and maxillofacial three‐dimensional‐printed models
Authors: Yoshida Shuji , Watanabe Akira , Sugahara Keisuke , Odaka Kento , Katakura Akira , Takano Masayuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesSimulated educational models of teeth, bones, and gums have been used for a long time in procedural skills training in dentistry. The advent of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies and additive manufacturing has facilitated the production of more advanced 3D printed models that can be utilized for surgical and dental training together with other technologies (e.g., 3D scanners and image analysis software).MethodsWe conducted training on osteotomy in the maxilla and mandible using maxillofacial simulation software (MSS) and a 3D‐printed model for 5th‐year undergraduate dental students (13 students in 2017 and 11 students in 2018 with more than half of their results). We compared the group (13 students) who performed osteotomy after participating in the simulation lecture with those (11 students) who performed osteotomy after performing self‐simulation (they were instructed to bring their personal computers and install the MSS) using tests and questionnaires (pre‐ and post‐curriculum).ResultsThe average test score was significantly higher in the group who performed osteotomy using the 3D‐printed model after performing self‐simulation; participants in this group had acquired a better understanding of the surgical procedure. Comparison using questionnaires showed a significant difference in the students’ understanding of instruments and surgical techniques between both groups.ConclusionThe MSS and 3D printed models are widely used clinically. Incorporating these in the curriculum will help accelerate student development. In addition, prompt education on the purpose and usefulness of these tools will not only facilitate simulation software and 3D‐printed model‐based treatment plan in the clinic but also promote further research.
A comprehensive review on nanobiotechnology for bioremediation of heavy metals from wastewater
Authors: Malik Sumira , Kishore Shristi , Shah Maulin P. , Kumar Shradha A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRemoval of contaminants from wastewater is a big concern for the scientific community. Heavy metals are one of the major contaminants present in wastewater. Heavy metals such as Cd2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, and so forth, are highly toxic and pose a serious threat to the environment due to their nonbiodegradable nature. With the advent of nanobiotechnology, heavy metal contaminants can be mitigated with the help of nanomaterials produced by eco‐friendly methods. Specially designed bionanomaterials often exhibit properties such as increased shelf life, self‐healing nature, adaptability in different environments, and cost‐effectiveness, thus showing advantages over nanomaterials produced by physicochemical methods. Due to their high specificity and adsorption capacity, bionanomaterials can remove heavy metals present even in a very low concentration in wastewater. The use of bionanotechnology in their remediation paves a way for environmental sustainability and helps in cost reduction. This paper intends to discuss the nanobiotechnological approach for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. Furthermore, the paper also reviews some important nanomaterials and their potential applications in the depollution of heavy‐metal contaminated wastewater.
Traumatic stress symptoms predict restraint incidents in children and adolescents in psychiatric residential treatment
Authors: Brown Wilson J. , Nedelman Anthony J. , Phillips William G. , Stankus Jaclynn S. , Amoscato Laura E. , Schwartz Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe early identification of youth at risk for restraint incidents is an important next step to reducing the likelihood of such incidents. Yet, the extant research has not comprehensively investigated the idiographic factors that contribute to the restraint of youth in psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTFs). The current study investigated client‐level predictors of restraint incidents, with specific emphasis on youth client trauma history and traumatic stress symptoms as assessed at admission. Participants were children and adolescents (N = 150; 55.3% female, 66.7% White, 33.3% Black or biracial) aged 6–17 (M = 11.8 years) admitted to a PRTF in the northeastern United States. A negative binomial regression with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to examine the relative contributions of age, gender, length of stay, number of psychiatric diagnoses, body mass index (BMI), and traumatic stress symptoms at intake to the frequency of restraint incidents. The model was significant, χ2(6, N = 150) = 30.326, p < .001, and both length of stay, β = .005, p < .001, IRR = 1.005, and traumatic stress symptoms at intake, β = .072, p = .007, IRR = 1.074, were identified as significant predictors within the model. Although length of stay is an obvious predictor of restraint incidents, the current study is the first of which we are aware to identify traumatic stress symptoms at intake as a potential indicator of restraint frequency following admission. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Translational Development of a Silk‐Elastinlike Protein Polymer Embolic for Transcatheter Arterial Embolization
Authors: Hatlevik Øyvind , Jensen Martin , Steinhauff Douglas , Wei Xiaomei , Huo Eugene , Jedrzkiewicz Jolanta , Cappello Joseph , Cheney Darwin , Ghandehari Hamidreza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLocally blocking blood flow to tumors with embolic materials is the key to transcatheter arterial embolization for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Current microparticle agents do not deeply penetrate target tissues and are compatible with a very limited selection of therapeutic agents. Silk‐elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs) combine the solubility of elastin and the strength of silk to create an easily injected liquid embolic that transition into a solid depot amenable to loading with drugs, gene therapy agents, or biologics. SELP, injected as liquid solution, penetrates the vasculature before transitioning to a solid hydrogel. The objective of this manuscript is to evaluate SELP embolization, stability, and biocompatibility at 7‐, 30‐, and 90‐day survival intervals in a porcine model. SELP embolics selectively block blood flow in the kidneys and livers, with no off‐target infarctions. As assessed with angiography, SELP renal embolization exhibits decreasing persistence for the duration of the 90‐day study period. There is an increased presence of microscopic SELP emboli in the renal setting, compared to Embosphere. Histologically scored inflammatory reactions to SELP are decreased in both the renal and hepatic implantations compared to Embosphere. In conclusion, a bioresorbable SELP liquid embolic system deeply penetrates target tissue and selectively embolizes blood vessels in vivo.
Four‐component relativistic calculations of NMR shielding constants of the transition metal complexes. Part 1: Pentaammines of cobalt, rhodium, and iridium
Authors: Samultsev Dmitry O. , Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe nonrelativistic and four‐component fully relativistic calculations of 1H, 15N, 59Co, 103Rh, and 193Ir shielding constants of pentaammineaquacomplexes of cobalt(III), rhodium(III), and iridium(III) were carried out at the density functional theory (DFT) level of theory. The noticeable deshielding relativistic corrections were observed for nitrogen shielding constants (chemical shifts), whereas those corrections were found to be negligible for protons. For the transition metals cobalt, rhodium, and iridium, relativistic corrections to their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shielding constants were found to be rather small for cobalt and rhodium (some 5–10%), whereas they are essentially larger for iridium (up to 70%).
Dietary lapses are associated with meaningful elevations in daily caloric intake and added sugar consumption during a lifestyle modification intervention
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie P. , Evans E. Whitney , Espel‐Huynh Hallie M. , Goldstein Carly M. , Karchere‐Sun Renee , Thomas J. Graham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveLapses from the dietary prescription in lifestyle modification interventions for overweight/obesity are common and impact weight loss outcomes. While it is expected that lapses influence weight via increased consumption, there are no studies that have evaluated how dietary lapses affect dietary intake during treatment. This study examined the association between daily lapses and daily energy and macronutrient intake during a lifestyle modification intervention.MethodsThis study used an intensive longitudinal design to observe participants throughout a 6‐month lifestyle modification intervention. Participants (n = 32) were adults with overweight/obesity (body mass index 25–50 kg/m2) and a diagnosed cardiovascular disease risk factor (e.g., hypertension) with a desire to lose weight. Participants underwent a gold‐standard individual in‐person lifestyle modification protocol consisting of 3 months of weekly sessions with 3 months of monthly sessions. Each participant's dietary prescription included a calorie target range that was based on their starting weight. Participants completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA; repeated daily smartphone surveys) every other week to self‐report on dietary lapses and telephone‐based 24‐h dietary recalls every 6 weeks.ResultsOn days with EMA and recalled intake (n = 210 days), linear mixed models demonstrated significant associations between daily lapse and higher total daily caloric intake (B = 139.20, p < 0.05), more daily grams of added sugar (B = 16.24, p < 0.001), and likelihood of exceeding the daily calorie goal (B = 0.89, p < 0.05). The associations between daily lapse and intake of all other daily macronutrients were non‐significant.ConclusionsThis study contributes to literature suggesting that dietary lapses pose a threat to weight loss success. Results indicate that reducing lapse frequency could reduce overall caloric intake and added sugar consumption.
Das Magnetfeld einer langen Spule
Authors: Paulus Gerhard G. , Bollig Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Magnetfeld außerhalb einer langen Spule ist entgegen verbreiteter Ansicht nicht Null, sondern gleicht dem eines Drahtes, der von einem gleich starken Strom wie die Spule durchflossen wird. Der gedachte Draht verläuft parallel zur Spulenachse. Zwar verschwinden bei einer unendlich langen Spule die Magnetfeldkomponenten in dieser Richtung und radial nach außen, aber nicht die zur Spulenwicklung tangentiale Komponente. Dies lässt sich in einem einfachen Experiment mit einer Spule und einer Kompassnadel demonstrieren. Mit dieser Anordnung kann man zudem die lokale Stärke des Erdmagnetfelds bestimmen.
A novel arthroscopic pre‐curved cannula with both flexibility and high stiffness
Authors: Park Chulmin , Kim Jeongryul , Moon Yonghwan , Kim Keri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurved surgical instruments are being developed to expand the workspace of straight surgical instruments. They are required to have a small diameter and high stiffness.MethodsWe developed a double‐spring pre‐curved cannula (DSPC) for electrocauterization, which has curved movements controlled solely by translational motion, and high stiffness via wire tension. It comprises a straight extension spring, pre‐curved flat spring and braided high‐modulus polyethylene line. A handheld device was designed for intuitive DSPC manipulation. The cannula has a 3.9 mm diameter and serves as a protective tube such that the electrode can safely reach the lesion.ResultsExperimental results demonstrate that the DSPC has ideal curvature and maximum stiffness of 1.38 N/mm. In a cadaveric study, the DSPC reached the inferior glenohumeral ligament, which conventional surgical instruments cannot access, and surgeons successfully performed electrocauterization.ConclusionsThe designed DSPC is effective for future use in forceps, curettes and surgical robots.
The Interaction of Silent Reading Rate, Academic Vocabulary, and Comprehension Among Students in Grades 2–12
Authors: Spichtig Alexandra N. , Pascoe Jeffrey P. , Gehsmann Kristin M. , Gu Fei , Ferrara John D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examined silent reading rates (SRRs) in relation to students’ estimated academic vocabulary grade levels (EVGLs) and comprehension accuracy (Comprehension Items Correct; compIC). Analyses were based on data from 288,934 students in grades 2‐12 who completed an adaptive silent reading assessment that yielded measures of the three variables of interest. Silent reading rate was measured while students read five 150‐ to 300‐word passages. Each student’s initial passage difficulty was aligned with their EVGL. Each passage was followed by five comprehension questions, such that in total, students could answer up to 25 comprehension items correctly. Two‐level Multilevel Models (MLMs) were fitted to evaluate SRR in relation to EVGL, compIC, and their interactions. The final MLM included the random intercept and three random slopes for the two level‐1 predictors (school‐mean‐centered EVGL as the focal predictor and school‐mean‐centered compIC as the moderator) and their interactions. Results indicated that: (a) the fixed effect of higher EVGL on SRR was positive and significant, (b) the fixed effect of higher compIC on SRR was negative and significant, and (c) there was a significant interaction indicating that the relationship between school‐mean‐centered EVGL and SRR grew stronger as school‐mean‐centered compIC increased. These results suggest that vocabulary knowledge and SRR increase in concert among students with good comprehension, whereas SRRs measured in the absence of good comprehension are less meaningful and may indicate inadequate skills or insufficient motivation to fully comprehend what is being read.
Un‐fractionated heparin counteracts the systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ damages caused by endotoxaemia in sheep
Authors: Ashareyoun Hesam , Chalmeh Aliasghar , Pourjafar Mehrdad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndotoxaemia is believed to be a major cause of mortality and there are several therapeutic regimens for the treatment of this situation.ObjectivesThe present experimental study was conducted to evaluate acute phase response, cardiovascular and hepatorenal damages following the treatment of Ovine experimental endotoxaemia model employing unfractionated heparin (UFH).Materials and MethodsTwenty clinically healthy 1‐year‐old fat‐tailed ewes were randomly divided into four equal groups, comprising UFH 200, UFH 400, Ctrl+ and Ctrl‐. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 at 0.4 μg/kg was administered intravenously to the ewes. UFH (at 200 and 400 IU/kg) was administrated to the UFH 200 and UFH 400 groups, respectively. All the ewes were evaluated clinically before and 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 and 24 hours after LPS injection. Blood samplings were also performed at those hours. We measured serum concentrations of haptoglobin, interferon‐gamma, total antioxidant status, malondialdehyde, cardiac lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin‐I, total bilirubin, alanine transaminase and creatinine. Serum concentrations of acute phase response, cardiovascular, hepatic and renal biomarkers and clinical parameters increased significantly following the induction of endotoxaemia in the groups receiving LPS.ResultsThe significantly lowest concentrations of these parameters at hours 4.5 and 6 among the treatment groups belonged to the UFH 400 sheep.ConclusionsUFH could act as an anti‐inflammatory mediator by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, modulating oxidative stress biomarkers and reducing multiple organ dysfunction following endotoxaemia in a dose–dependent manner. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory effects of UFH at 400 IU/kg were significantly higher than another dose. This research examined the effect of two doses of UFH and higher doses may have more anti‐inflammatory effects that require further studies.
Cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism resulting in tetraplegia in a cat
Authors: Burke Jasper E. , Reineke Erica L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 4‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat was presented for acute onset tetraplegia and respiratory signs. No pulses were palpable in any limb, and nociception was absent–all limbs were cold, and digital, metacarpal and metatarsal pads were cyanotic. Point‐of‐care ultrasound of the heart revealed severe left atrial enlargement, containing several large thrombi. Due to concerns for quality of life, euthanasia was elected. Postmortem findings revealed marked left atrial enlargement with thrombi filling the entire atrium, as well as emboli in both subclavian arteries and the abdominal aorta.
Dysphonia in a dog with cervical spinal cord injury and suspected progressive myelomalacia caused by a C4‐C5 hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion
Authors: Santifort Koen , Mandigers Paul , Bergknut Niklas , Van Soens Iris , Carrera Ines 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 10.5‐year‐old dog was presented with acute onset tetraparesis progressing to tetraplegia. The clinical sign of dysphonia was documented in the absence of signs of laryngeal dysfunction. MRI findings of the cervical spinal cord were consistent with a C4‐C5 hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE) and overlying spinal cord injury (SCI). Seven days after presentation, a repeat MRI study was performed due to clinical deterioration with respiratory compromise and revealed changes compatible with progressive myelomalacia. The dog was euthanased due to the progression of severe clinical signs. Dysphonia due to acute cervical SCI has not been reported in dogs. Explanations for the clinical sign of dysphonia are discussed, relevant aspects of the literature on HNPE are reviewed and discussion points are mentioned with regard to SCI and myelomalacia.
Ultrasound‐guided saphenous and sciatic nerve block as part of multimodal pain management in a goat undergoing tibial fracture repair
Authors: Ferrero Camilla , Klonner Moriz Ettore , Verdier Natali , Bradbrook Carl 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 6‐week‐old goat was presented for surgical repair of a Salter Harris type 1 fracture of the right tibia. The goat was premedicated with butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg and midazolam 0.2 mg/kg intramuscularly, followed by induction of anaesthesia with ketamine 1 mg/kg and propofol 3.2 mg/kg intravenously. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in an oxygen air mix. An ultrasound‐guided saphenous and sciatic nerve block was performed using 0.1 ml/kg/nerve of ropivacaine 0.75%. Except for a slight gradual decrease in arterial blood pressure, all monitored variables remained within accepted ranges throughout surgery. No additional intraoperative analgesia was required. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful and the goat started drinking milk 5 minutes after extubation. Buprenorphine 0.02 mg/kg intramuscularly was administered in the evening and repeated 12 hours after the first dose. Additionally, carprofen 1.4 mg/kg intramuscularly was administered every 48 hours for the following days. The goat was discharged 2 days after surgery.
The Autofictional in Serial, Literary Works
Authors: Menn Ricarda , Schuh Melissa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter approaches serial literary autofictions as a distinct variant of autofictional writing. While discussions of life writing often focus on male authors, the chapter redresses this imbalance by considering women writers, specifically the works of Dorothy Richardson, Doris Lessing, and Rachel Cusk. The approach is new in exploring the autofictional in serial, literary works, and tracing connections across an author’s oeuvre. Such a focus leads to an extended understanding of autofiction and the autofictional as challenging autobiographical unity and coherence. The chapter distinguishes between different forms of seriality (including series, serial, and serialized life narratives), and argues that serial publications and structures enhance literary and autofictional tendencies in that they draw attention to the complexities of autobiographical representation.
Article 4: States Parties’ Obligations
Authors: Ruggiero Roberta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArticle 4 deals with the nature of the States Parties’ obligations and it therefore relates ‘to all the substantive articles of the Convention’ (Rishmawi, 2006, pp. 22, 57). Together with Articles 42 and 44(6), it comprises the heading ‘General Measures of Implementation’ in the States Parties’ periodic reports (Hodgkin et al., 2007, p. 47; Rishmawi, 2006, p. 22; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 1991, paras. 9–11, 1996, paras. 11–24, 2002a, p. 58, 2015, paras. 18–21).