bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redesigning care to support earlier discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit: a design thinking informed pilot
Authors: Bardach Shoshana H , Perry Amanda N , Kapadia Nirav S , Richards Kathryn E , Cogswell Laura K , Hartman Tyler K 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPreterm infants may remain in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to receive proper nutrition via nasogastric tube feedings. However, prolonged NICU stays can have negative effects for the patient, the family and the health system.AimTo demonstrate how a patient-centred, design thinking informed approach supported the development of a pilot programme to enable earlier discharge of preterm babies.MethodWe report on our design thinking-empathy building approach to programme design, initial outcomes and considerations for ongoing study.ResultsThrough the use of design thinking methods, we identified unique needs, preferences and concerns that guided the development of our novel early discharge programme. We found that stable, preterm infants unable to feed by mouth and requiring nasogastric tubes can be cared for at home with remote patient monitoring and telehealth support. In addition, novel feeding strategies can help address parental preferences without compromising infant growth.ConclusionA patient-centred, design thinking informed approach supported the development of a pilot programme to enable earlier discharge of preterm babies. The programme resulted in a reduced length of stay, thereby increasing NICU bed capacity and limiting hospital turn-aways.
Widening of inequalities in COVID-19 years of life lost from 2020 to 2021: a Scottish Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Wyper Grant M A , Fletcher Eilidh , Grant Ian , Harding Oliver , de Haro Moro Maria Teresa , McCartney Gerry , Stockton Diane L 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have highlighted the large extent of inequality in adverse COVID-19 health outcomes. Our aim was to monitor changes in overall, and inequalities in, COVID-19 years of life lost to premature mortality (YLL) in Scotland from 2020 and 2021.MethodsCause-specific COVID-19 mortality counts were derived at age group and area deprivation level using Scottish death registrations for 2020 and 2021. YLL was estimated by multiplying mortality counts by age-conditional life expectancy from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 reference life table. Various measures of absolute and relative inequality were estimated for triangulation purposes.ResultsThere were marked inequalities in COVID-19 YLL by area deprivation in 2020, which were further exacerbated in 2021; confirmed across all measures of absolute and relative inequality. Half (51%) of COVID-19 YLL was attributable to inequalities in area deprivation in 2021, an increase from 41% in 2020.ConclusionDespite a highly impactful vaccination programme in preventing mortality, COVID-19 continues to represent a substantial area of fatal population health loss for which inequalities have widened. Tackling systemic inequalities with effective interventions is required to mitigate further unjust health loss in the Scottish population from COVID-19 and other causes of ill-health and mortality.
Ccl3 enhances docetaxel chemosensitivity in breast cancer by triggering proinflammatory macrophage polarization
Authors: Sheng Dandan , Ma Wei , Zhang Rui , Zhou Lei , Deng Qiaodan , Tu Juchuanli , Chen Weilong , Zhang Fuchuang , Gao Nailong , Dong Mengxue , Wang Dong , Li Fengkai , Liu Yin , He Xueyan , Duan Shengzhong , Zhang Lixing , Liu Tong , Liu Suling 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAlthough the antitumor efficacy of docetaxel (DTX) has long been attributed to the antimitotic activities, its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently gained more attention. Macrophages are a major component of the TME and play a critical role in DTX efficacy; however, the underlying action mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsDTX chemotherapeutic efficacy was demonstrated via both macrophage depletion and C–C motif chemokine ligand 3 (Ccl3)-knockout transgenic allograft mouse model. Ccl3-knockdown and Ccl3-overexpressing breast cancer cell allografts were used for the in vivo study. Combination therapy was used to evaluate the effect of Ccl3 induction on DTX chemosensitivity. Vital regulatory molecules and pathways were identified using RNA sequencing. Macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells and its influence on cancer cell proliferation under DTX treatment were assessed using an in vitro coculture assay. Serum and tumor samples from patients with breast cancer were used to demonstrate the clinical relevance of our study.ResultsOur study revealed that Ccl3 induced by DTX in macrophages and cancer cells was indispensable for the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DTX. DTX-induced Ccl3 promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitated phagocytosis of breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Ccl3 overexpression in cancer cells promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization to suppress tumor progression and increase DTX chemosensitivity. Mechanistically, DTX induced Ccl3 by relieving the inhibition of cAMP-response element binding protein on Ccl3 via reactive oxygen species accumulation, and Ccl3 then promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization via activation of the Ccl3–C-C motif chemokine receptor 5–p38/interferon regulatory factor 5 pathway. High CCL3 expression predicted better prognosis, and high CCL3 induction revealed better DTX chemosensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, both the Creb inhibitor and recombinant mouse Ccl3 significantly enhanced DTX chemosensitivity.ConclusionsOur results indicate that Ccl3 induced by DTX triggers proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitates phagocytosis of cancer cells. Ccl3 induction in combination with DTX may provide a promising therapeutic rationale for increasing DTX chemosensitivity in breast cancer.
Thromboembolic events in left ventricular non-compaction: comparison between children and adults – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hirono Keiichi , Takarada Shinya , Miyao Nariaki , Nakaoka Hideyuki , Ibuki Keijiro , Ozawa Sayaka , Origasa Hideki , Ichida Fukiko 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveLeft ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is morphologically characterised by excessive trabeculations and deep recesses in the ventricular wall. The risk of thromboembolic disease in the paediatric patients with LVNC has not been clearly established. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of thromboembolism (TE) in paediatric and adult patients with LVNC and searched for risk factors for TE to explore management strategies.MethodsThe primary outcome was the prevalence and incidence of TE in the patients with LVNC. The secondary outcome was the TE and mortality and heart transplantation rates between paediatric and adult patients with LVNC. We searched for studies published in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between January 1950 and December 2020. A systematic search of keywords related to LVNC, anticoagulants/antiplatelets and TE was conducted. Studies that did not present original research, non-human studies, duplicated studies were excluded.ResultsFifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 726 paediatric and 3862 adult patients were included. The mean prevalence rates of TE in the paediatric and adult patients with LVNC were 2.6% and 6.2% (I2=0%; p<0.450 and I2=73.7%; p<0.001), respectively. The mean annual incidences of TE in paediatric and adult patients with LVNC were 1.4% and 2.9% (I2=99.4%; p<0.001 and I2=99.5%; p<0.001), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TE was associated with left ventricular ejection fraction in <40% of paediatric patients (OR, 9.47; 95% CI, 1.35 to 188.23; p=0.0225).ConclusionsThe prevalence and incidence rates in paediatric patients were lower than those in adult patients. TE was associated with a reduced systolic function in paediatric patients with LVNC.
Canonical description of exotic general massive gravity
Authors: Rodríguez-Tzompantzi Omar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExotic General Massive Gravity is the next-to-simplest gravitational theory fulfilling the so-called third-way consistency, the simplest being Minimal Massive Gravity. We investigate the canonical structure of the first-order formulation of Exotic General Massive Gravity. By using the Dirac Hamiltonian formalism, we systematically discover the complete set of physical constraints, including primary, secondary, and tertiary ones, and explicitly compute the Poisson bracket algebra between them. In particular, we demonstrate that the consistency condition for the tertiary constraints provides explicit expressions which can be solved algebraically for the auxiliary fields f and h in terms of the dreibein e. In this configuration, to confirm that the theory is ghost-free, the whole set of constraints is classified into first and second-class ones showing the existence of only two physical degrees of freedom corresponding to one massive graviton. Furthermore, we identify the transformation laws for all of the dynamical variables corresponding essentially to gauge symmetries, generated by the first-class constraints. Finally, by taking into account all the second-class constraints, we explicitly compute the Dirac matrix together with the Dirac’s brackets.
A Bayesian Prediction Spatial Model for Confirmed Dengue Cases in the State of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Solís-Navarro Manuel , Vargas-De-León Cruz , Gúzman-Martínez María , Corzo-Gómez Josselin 
Published: May 2022

Dengue is one of the major health problems in the state of Chiapas. Consequently, spatial information on the distribution of the disease can optimize directed control strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a simple Bayesian prediction spatial model for the state of Chiapas, Mexico. This is an ecological study that uses data from a range of sources. Dengue cases occurred from January to August 2019. The data analysis used the spatial correlation of dengue cases (DCs), which was calculated with the Moran index statistic, and a generalized linear spatial model (GLSM) within a Bayesian framework, which was considered to model the spatial distribution of DCs in the state of Chiapas. We selected the climatological, geographic, and sociodemographic variables related to the study area. A prediction of the model on Chiapas maps was carried out based on the places where the cases were registered. We find a spatial correlation of 0.115

p
value
=
0.001

between neighboring municipalities using the Moran index. The variables that have an effect on the number of confirmed cases of dengue are the maximum temperature (

Coef
=
0.110

;

95
%

CrI

:

0.076
−
0.215

), rainfall (

Coef
=
0.013

;

95
%

CrI

:

0.008
−
0.028

), and altitude (

Coef
=
0.00045

;

95
%

CrI

:

0.00002
−
0.00174

) of each municipality. The predicting power is notably better in regions that have a greater number of municipalities where DCs are registered. The model shows the importance of considering these variables to prevent future DCs in vulnerable areas.
The Vaginal Microbiome is Associated with Endometrial Cancer Grade and Histology
Authors: Hakimjavadi Hesamedin , George Sophia H. , Taub Michael , Dodds Leah V. , Sanchez-Covarrubias Alex P. , Huang Marilyn , Pearson J. Matt , Slomovitz Brian M. , Kobetz Erin N. , Gharaibeh Raad , Sowamber Ramlogan , Pinto Andre , Chamala Srikar , Schlumbrecht Matthew P. 
Published: May 2022

The human microbiome has been strongly correlated with disease pathology and outcomes, yet remains relatively underexplored in patients with malignant endometrial disease. In this study, vaginal microbiome samples were prospectively collected at the time of hysterectomy from 61 racially and ethnically diverse patients from three disease conditions: (i) benign gynecologic disease (controls, n = 11), (ii) low-grade endometrial carcinoma (n = 30), and (iii) high-grade endometrial carcinoma (n = 20). Extracted DNA underwent shotgun metagenomics sequencing, and microbial α and β diversities were calculated. Hierarchical clustering was used to describe community state types (CST), which were then compared by microbial diversity and grade. Differential abundance was calculated, and machine learning utilized to assess the predictive value of bacterial abundance to distinguish grade and histology. Both α- and β-diversity were associated with patient tumor grade. Four vaginal CST were identified that associated with grade of disease. Different histologies also demonstrated variation in CST within tumor grades. Using supervised clustering algorithms, critical microbiome markers at the species level were used to build models that predicted benign versus carcinoma, high-grade carcinoma versus benign, and high-grade versus low-grade carcinoma with high accuracy. These results confirm that the vaginal microbiome segregates not just benign disease from endometrial cancer, but is predictive of histology and grade. Further characterization of these findings in large, prospective studies is needed to elucidate their potential clinical applications.Significance:The vaginal microbiome reliably segregates not just benign gynecologic condition from endometrial cancer, but also predicts cancer grade and histology. Patterns of microbial abundance and gene expression should be increasingly considered as a factor in the evolution of precision medicine approaches, especially as they relate to cancer screening, disease pathogenesis, and patient-centered outcomes.
Toward Interspecies Art and Design: Prosthetic Habitat-Structures in Human-Owl Cultures
Authors: Parker Dan , Roudavski Stanislav , Isaac Bronwyn , Bradsworth Nick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Urbanization severely reduces opportunities for nonhuman habitation and undermines nonhuman subjectivities, aesthetic experiences, behaviors, traditions, and cultures. In response, humans need to reimagine cities as places for interspecies cohabitation. In this article, a team of architects and ecologists demonstrates that such reimagination depends on the cultural behaviors of multiple species. The authors illustrate the implications of this dependence by designing and discussing nesting structures for the powerful owl (Ninox strenua). The project shows that prosthetic habitats can serve as useful provocation for thinking about interspecies cultures. The authors use this work to propose productive avenues for further research.
The Golillas (Collars) in the Final Portraits of King Philip IV of Spain: A Case of Induced Diplopia by Diego Velázquez
Authors: Ramón-Laca Luis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The author makes a detailed examination of the outline of the golillas, or collars, that appear in the final portraits of King Philip IV of Spain by Diego Velázquez and relates their representation to the theories of binocular vision proposed by Leonardo da Vinci and François Aguillon.
OpenKinoAI: A Framework for Intelligent Cinematography and Editing of Live Performances
Authors: Ronfard Rémi , De Verdière Rémi Colin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
OpenKinoAI is an open source framework for postproduction of ultra-high definition video, which makes it possible to emulate professional multiclip editing techniques for the case of single-camera recordings. OpenKinoAI includes tools for uploading raw video footage of live performances on a remote web server; detecting, tracking, and recognizing the performers in the original material; reframing the raw video into a large choice of cinematographic rushes; editing the rushes into movies; and annotating rushes and movies for documentation purposes. OpenKinoAI is made available to promote research in multiclip video editing of ultra-high definition video and to allow performing artists and companies to use this research for archiving, documenting, and sharing their work online in an innovative fashion.
Effects of Long-duration Microgravity and Gravitational Transitions on Fine Motor Skills
Authors: Holden Kritina , Greene Maya , Vincent Cross E. , Sándor Anikó , Thompson Shelby , Feiveson Alan , Munson Brandin 
Published: May 2022

Objective Assess the effects of long-duration microgravity and gravitational transitions on fine motor skills using a tablet-based test battery of four fine motor tasks: Pointing, Dragging, Shape Tracing, and Pinch-Rotate. Background While there have been some studies on fine motor skills in microgravity, few have measured the fine motor skills that are core components of interaction with computer-based devices, and none have measured performance systematically, to include preflight, inflight, and postflight space mission time periods. Methods Seven astronauts completed the Fine Motor Skills test battery 30–40 times before, during, and up to 30 days after standard duration International Space Station missions, while a matching set of seven ground-based control participants also completed the battery over a comparable period of time. Response time and accuracy were the primary outcome measures. Results Relative to controls, astronauts experienced fine motor skill decrements at gravitational transitions (first week on orbit, and first month post landing). No decrements were found inflight after the first week of adaptation. Conclusion Gravitational transitions appear to negatively impact fine motor skills needed to operate small controls with accuracy, such as those on touchscreen interfaces. This raises concerns for future long-duration crewmembers who will land on a planetary surface and need to perform critical tasks accurately, such as configuring spacesuits, powering up a habitat, or teleoperating rovers. Application Results from this study highlight the need for confirmatory research, and the possible need for countermeasure development. The Fine Motor Skills test battery may have application outside of NASA as a fine motor skills diagnostic screening, rehabilitation, or readiness-to-perform tool.
Objective Nontechnical Skills Measurement Using Sensor-based Behavior Metrics in Surgical Teams
Authors: Cha Jackie S. , Athanasiadis Dimitrios I. , Peng Yuhao , Wu David , Anton Nicholas E. , Stefanidis Dimitrios , Yu Denny 
Published: May 2022

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify objective measures that predict surgeon nontechnical skills (NTS) during surgery. Background NTS are cognitive and social skills that impact operative performance and patient outcomes. Current methods for NTS assessment in surgery rely on observation-based tools to rate intraoperative behavior. These tools are resource intensive (e.g., time for observation or manual labeling) to perform; therefore, more efficient approaches are needed. Method Thirty-four robotic-assisted surgeries were observed. Proximity sensors were placed on the surgical team and voice recorders were placed on the surgeon. Surgeon NTS was assessed by trained observers using the NonTechnical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) tool. NTS behavior metrics from the sensors included communication, speech, and proximity features. The metrics were used to develop mixed effect models to predict NOTSS score and in machine learning classifiers to distinguish between exemplar NTS scores (highest NOTSS score) and non-exemplar scores. Results NTS metrics were collected from 16 nurses, 12 assistants, 11 anesthesiologists, and four surgeons. Nineteen behavior features and overall NOTSS score were significantly correlated (12 communication features, two speech features, five proximity features). The random forest classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 70% (80% F1 score) to predict exemplar NTS score. Conclusion Sensor-based measures of communication, speech, and proximity can potentially predict NOTSS scores of surgeons during robotic-assisted surgery. These sensing-based approaches can be utilized for further reducing resource costs of NTS and team performance assessment in surgical environments. Application Sensor-based assessment of operative teams’ behaviors can lead to objective, real-time NTS measurement.
Surgical Management of Jones Fractures in Athletes: Orthobiologic Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 718 Fractures
Authors: Attia Ahmed Khalil , Robertson Greg A.J. , McKinley John , d’Hooghe Pieter P. , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: May 2022

Background: The use of orthobiologics is expanding. However, the use of orthobiologic augmentation in primary fracture fixation surgery remains limited. Primary fracture fixation of the fifth metatarsal (Jones) in athletes is one of the rare situations where primary orthobiologic augmentation has been advocated. Purpose: To determine the effect of orthobiologic augmentation on the outcome of surgically managed Jones fractures in athletes. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, 2 independent team members searched several databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov through March 2021 to identify studies reporting on surgically managed Jones fractures of the fifth metatarsal exclusively in athletes. The primary outcomes were the return to play (RTP) rate and time to RTP, whereas the secondary outcomes were time to union, union rate, and refractures. Data were presented by type of treatment (biologically augmented fixation or fixation alone). Results: In the biologically augmented fixation group, successful RTP was reported in 195 (98.98%) of 197 fractures (odds ratio [OR], 97.5%; 95% CI, 95.8%-100%; I2 = 0), with a mean time to RTP of 10.3 weeks (95% CI, 9.5-11.1 weeks; I2 = 99%). In the group that received fixation without biological augmentation, successful RTP was reported in 516 (99.04%) of 521 fractures (OR, 98.7%; 95% CI, 97.8%-99.7%; I2 = 0], with a mean time to RTP of 9.7 weeks (95% CI, 7.84-11.53 weeks; I2 = 98.64%]. In the biologically augmented fixation group, fracture union was achieved in 194 (98.48%) of 197 fractures (OR, 97.6%; 95% CI, 95.5%-99.7%; I2 = 0%), with a mean time to fracture union of 9.28 weeks (95% CI, 7.23-11.34 weeks; I2 = 98.18%). In the group that received fixation without biological augmentation, fracture union was achieved in 407 (93.78%) of 434 fractures (OR, 97.4%; 95% CI, 96%-98.9%; I2 = 0%), with a mean time to fracture union of 8.57 weeks (95% CI, 6.82-10.32 weeks; I2 = 98.81%). Conclusion: Orthobiologically augmented surgical fixation of Jones fractures in athletes is becoming increasingly common, despite the lack of comparative studies to support this practice. Biologically augmented fixation of Jones fractures results in higher fracture union rates than fixation alone but similar rates of RTP and time to RTP. Although the current evidence recommends primary surgical fixation for the management of Jones fractures in athletes, further high quality comparative studies are required to establish the indication for orthobiologic augmentation.