bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
Authors: Zhang Yuejing , Shi Zhenzhen , Wang Hanqi , Zhang Ji , Pang Hailong , Feng Hanqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the process of the production of recombinant proteins by using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression system, the effectiveness of the control of light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on efficiency of transient expression is worth being evaluated. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings were used as a bioreactor to investigate the effects of different light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on the transient expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The present results showed that the seedlings grown under light condition for 5 weeks had highest level of transient expression among those grown for 4-8 weeks. In the pre-agroinfiltration, the level of transient expression of GFP was obviously decreased by the increase in light intensity or by the shortening of the photoperiod. Although the shortening of the photoperiod post-agroinfiltration also decreased the level of transient expression, moderate light intensity post-agroinfiltration (100 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) was needed for higher level of transient expression efficiency. Totally, there was no strong correlation between the transient expression efficiency and plant growth under different light conditions. These results suggest that light condition is an important factors affecting the level of transient expression in plants. The effects of light intensity and photoperiod in the post-agroinfiltration on the transient expression efficiency are obvious difference from those in the pre-agroinfiltration. Hence, light conditions should be optimized to obtain higher productivity of recombinant protein from transient expression systems.
Dynamic Effect of the Earth Fissure Sites in the Yuncheng Basin, China
Authors: CAO Ge , Deng Yahong , Chang Jiang , Xuan You , He Nainan , Mu Huandong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Earth fissures are a type of major geological disaster that occurs worldwide. China has experienced some of the most serious earth fissure disasters in the world. The Yuncheng Basin is an important constituent basin of the Fenwei Basin in China where earth fissures are densely developed and caused severe damage. In particular, the impact of earth fissures on the seismic response of the site is still unknown and is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Based on microtremor tests, three types of typical earth fissure sites in the Yuncheng Basin were selected for field testing. Through spectrum analysis, the dynamic response characteristics of the earth fissure sites were determined. The results show that the dynamic response of the site is significantly affected by the earth fissures. The dynamic response strength of the site is the largest on both sides of the earth fissures, and it decreases and gradually stabilizes with increasing distance from the fissures. The impact range of the earth fissures on the hanging side is slightly longer than the heading side.
Structural Brain Network Measures in Elderly Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Gu Yumeng , Zhao Ping , Feng Wenjun , Xia Xiaoshuang , Tian Xiaolin , Yan Yu , Wang Xiaowen , Gao Decheng , Du Yanfen , Li Xin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate whether there is a difference in the incidence of depression between patients with small cerebral vascular disease (CSVD) and normal controls (NC), and the relationship between depression and white matter fiber damage and structural brain network in elderly patients with CSVD. Method: A total of 115 elderly subjects were consecutively recruited from the neurology clinic, including 36 patients with CSVD with depressive state, 34 patients with CSVD without depressive state, and 45 NCs. A detailed neuropsychological assessment and multimodal MRI were performed. Based on TBSS analysis and structural network analysis, differences between groups were compared, and logistic regression was used to determine the predictive value of TBSS indicators and structural brain network measures for depression in CSVD patients. Results: Group differences were found in global TBSS analysis and brain network measures. After adjusting for age, gender, education level, and vascular risk factors (VRF), there were significant correlations between TBSS indicators and structural network indicators and depression, including: FA (r= -0.291, p <0.05), ELocal (r = -0.278, p < 0.01) and in network strength (r = - 0.403, p < 0.001). At the same time, ELocal was an independent risk factor for depression in patients with CSVD.Conclusions: Changes in FA, MD values and structural network indicators in DTI parameters can predict the depressive state of CSVD to a certain extent, providing a more direct structural basis for the hypothesis of abnormal neural circuits in the pathogenesis of vascular depression. In addition, we believe that abnormal white matter alterations in subcortical neural circuits affect the microstructural function of brain connections, which may be a mechanism for the concomitant depressive symptoms in CSVD patients.
Follow-Up Study On Physical And Neurodevelopmental Outcomes In Extremely Preterm Infants At The Corrected Age Of 12 Months
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Yang , Zhang Xin , Jiang Yue , Guo Xiaojie , Xu Qu , Yang Lei , Zhang Min , Hong Qin , Chi Xia , Tong Meiling 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the physical and neurological outcomes of extremely preterm infants (EPIs) at the corrected ageof 12 months, to provide the basis for parents and doctors to make treatment decisions.Methods: The follow-up data of EPIs who survived and were discharged from Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical Universityduring 2018–2020 were analyzed. The weight, length, and head circumference by age were recorded and compared with those ofterm infantsto investigate the catch-up growth of EPIs. Children at 12 months’ corrected agewere assessed using the Gesell Developmental Scale.The relationship of basic data with the catch-up growth and nervous system development was also discussed.Results: In totaL, 70 infants were included in this study. At the 1-year visit, the EPIs were larger than the 50th percentile for weight, length, and head circumference(HC) of the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. The percentages of catch-up in weight, length, and HC were all greater than 50%.Our multivariate logistic regression showed that the higher the weight gain in the first year of life (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04–2.03, P = 0.03), the higher the body length gain (OR = 5.72, 95% CI: 1.08–30.21, P = 0.04), the higher the birth weight (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02, P = 0.01), and the higher the weight gain (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09–1.61, P = 0.01), which would induce the catch-up growth of EPIs. Furthermore, after 1 year of follow-up, the proportions of mild-to-moderate abnormal development quotient (DQ) in the five functional domains were all greater than 10%. Hence, theearly catch-up growth was beneficial for neurodevelopment.Conclusions: Close developmental surveillance is of great significance in improving the long-term quality of life of EPIS.
Food web stability and connectance predicted from body-size constraints on trophic topology, self-regulation, and total consumption
Authors: Lin Tianyun , Wieczynski Daniel , Savage Van 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Understanding why food webs thrive or collapse is a major challenge that has been mostly studied in terms of consumer-resource interaction strengths or the topology of the interaction network. Yet the biological basis and relative importance of these properties are hotly debated. Here, we construct a model that incorporates body-mass constraints on key factors that influence food webs: the likelihood and strength of interactions, self-regulation, and total consumption rates. Our model predicts stability and connectance in real food webs ranging widely in species diversity (29-163 species) and trophic connectance (113-1086 interactions). Despite their absence in most research, we found that realistic self-regulation and consumption rate constraints are not only required to accurately predict stability but have stronger impacts than the more-frequently-studied interaction strengths. Our results demonstrate that food web stability is simultaneously impacted by multiple food web properties—all of which are naturally constrained by species masses.
The restrictive type and infectious complications might predict nadir hematological values among individuals with anorexia nervosa during the refeeding period: a retrospective study
Authors: Funayama Michitaka , Koreki Akihiro , Mimura Yu , Takata Taketo , Ogino Satoyuki , Kurose Shin , Shimizu Yusuke , Kudo Shun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Although hematological abnormalities in patients with anorexia nervosa have been documented, the mechanisms involved have not been fully clarified, especially during the refeeding period, when hematological values further decrease after admission prior to improving. Here we address potential mechanisms underlying the hematological abnormalities of inpatients with anorexia nervosa during the refeeding period.Methods: We recruited patients from 101 admissions corresponding to 55 individual patients with anorexia nervosa with severe malnutrition (body mass index, 13.4 ± 3.4) from the neuropsychiatry unit in Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital during the period from October 1999 to March 2018. We analyzed three hematological cell measures to determine their levels at admission and their lowest levels during the refeeding period and calculated the rate of decrease in those values from admission to the nadir levels. We analyzed each measure using a general mixed model with explanatory variables, including data upon admission and a treatment-related indicator. Results: The initial hemoglobin value of 12.1 ± 2.7 g/dl decreased by 22.3% to 9.4 ± 2.5 g/dl; the initial white cell count was 5387 ± 3474/μl, which decreased by 33.6% to 3576 ± 1440/μl; the initial platelet count of 226 ± 101 ×103/μl decreased by 24.3% to 171 ± 80 ×103/μl. All nadir levels were observed during the refeeding period from the fifth to tenth day of hospitalization. Significant correlations among the three hematological cell measures, particularly at the nadir levels, were found. Of note, 41.7% of our patients who received red blood cell transfusion during hospitalization showed normal hemoglobin levels upon admission. The anorexia nervosa restrictive type was associated with a lower nadir level of white blood cell count. Infectious complications were related to a lower nadir level of hemoglobin and a greater rate of decrease in hemoglobin level as well as to the need for red blood cell transfusion. Conclusions: Nadir hematological cell measures of inpatients with anorexia nervosa might be predicted by the restrictive type and infectious complications. The anorexia nervosa restrictive type is considered to cause further decrease in hematological values during the refeeding period, which might be prevented by controlling infectious complications.
Real-world experience of erenumab in patients with chronic or episodic migraine in the UAE
Authors: Alsaadi Taoufik , Noori Suzan , Varakian Razmig , Youssef Saly , Almadani Abu Baker 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Erenumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody and a highly potent, first-in-class calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor inhibitor approved for migraine prevention in adults. Randomised, placebo-controlled trials show that erenumab treatment results in clinically meaningful responses, including significant reductions in monthly migraine days. Real-world evidence of the effectiveness of erenumab in patients with migraine is accruing, but gaps remain, and findings may vary according to region. We evaluated the usage patterns and effectiveness of erenumab in real-world settings in patients with migraine in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: This retrospective, observational real-world study enrolled patients ≥18 years with migraine who were prescribed erenumab in the UAE. Data were collected at baseline and Months 1, 3 and 6. The primary study objective was to characterise usage patterns of erenumab in patients with chronic migraine (CM) or episodic migraine (EM) in real-world settings in the UAE.Results: Of the 166 patients, 124 (74.7%) were females. The mean (standard deviation) age at migraine onset was 29 (7.93) years. Seventy-one patients (42.8%) had CM and 95 (57.2%) had EM. In the overall population, the mean monthly headache/migraine days (MHD) at baseline was 15.7 (8.45) and mean change from baseline was −8.2 (8.83) at Month 1, −11.0 (9.15) at Month 3 and −11.3 (8.90) at Month 6. The mean change from baseline in monthly acute migraine-specific medication days (MSMD) was −9.0 (8.07) at Month 1, −9.7 (8.73) at Month 3 and −10.7 (8.95) at Month 6. At all time points, most patients achieved at least 50% reduction in MHD (80%–91%) and MSMD (84%–94%).Similar reductions in MHD and MSMD and clinical benefit in CM or EM were seen with erenumab monotherapy or erenumab add-on therapy, with or without dose escalation and for treatment naïve or ≥1 previous preventive treatment failures, with additional clinical benefit in the erenumab add-on therapy and dose escalation to 140 mg subgroups.Conclusion: In this real-world study on erenumab use in the UAE, patients prescribed erenumab achieved clinically meaningful reductions in MHD and MSMD at all assessed time points. Erenumab was well tolerated with no new safety events.Trial registration: Not applicable
Influence of silver nitrate and copper sulphate on somatic embryogenesis, shoot morphogenesis, multiplication and associated physiological biochemical changes in Gladiolus hybridus L.
Authors: Isah Tasiu , . Qurratul , Umar Shahid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Micronutrients are essential for in vitro plant tissue growth, and studying their culture medium levels manipulation to promote growth and morphogenesis is essential in plant tissue culture experiments. In the present study, influence of CuSO4.5H2O (0–15 µM), AgNO3 (0–60 µM) and their combinations on callus induction and various morphogenic processes at different treatment levels were studied in G. hybridus. AgNO3 was more efficient in promoting the parameters studied, with 40 µM been more efficient over other treatment levels tested. In the case of CuSO4.5H2O treatments, maximum efficiency was achieved with 7.5 µM over other concentration treatment of the tissues analysed. Results of the experiments on morphogenesis and associated physiological biochemical changes suggests that combined treatment with the two metals promoted morphogenesis at higher levels through influence on physiological biochemical changes essential for the morphogenic parameters studied. Application of the technique on embryogenic tissue formation and somatic embryos differentiation seems of appropriate application when using metals for the experiment.
Safety of heparin-free after 3000IU heparin loaded in veno-venous ECMO supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrage risk
Authors: Zhao Yang-Chao , Zhao Xi , Fu Guo-Wei , Huang Ming-Jun , Li Xing-Xing , Sun Qian-Qian , Kan Ya-Bai , Li Jun , Wang Shi-Lei , Ma Wen-Tao , Xu Qin-Fu , Liu Qi-Long , Li Hong-Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The anti-coagulation protocol of patients with hemorrhage risk primary disease who need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supported is controversial. This study evaluated the safety of heparin-free after 3000IU heparin loaded in veno-venous ECMO (VV ECMO ) supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrhage risk.Methods: A retrospective study was performed in a series of hemorrhage risk patients supported with VV ECMO at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between June 2012 to Sept 2020. A total of 70 patients received a low heparin bolus of 3000 units for cannulation but without subsequent, ongoing heparin administration. Patients were divided into survival (n=25) and non-survival group (n=45). Data of coagulation, hemolysis and membrane lung function were calculated and analyzed. The complications of patients were recorded. Finally, the binary Logistic regression was conducted.Results: The longest heparin-free time was 216 hours, and the mean heparin-free time was 102 hours. The percentage of thrombosis complications was 54.3% (38/70) including 3 oxygenator changed but there was no significant difference of complications in survival and non-survival groups (p>0.05). Compared with survivors, the non-survivors were showed higher baseline SOFA score and lower platelet counts in 0.5 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 96 hours after ECMO applied. However, there was no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors in ACT, APTT, INR, D-dimer, fibrinogen, LDH, blood flow rate, Δp and Ppost-MLO2 (all p<0.05) of all different time point. Moreover, only the baseline SOFA score was significantly associated with mortality (p<0.001, OR(95%CI): 2.754 (1.486-5.103)) while the baseline levels of ACT, APTT, INR, platelet, D-dimer, fibrinogen and LDH have no association with mortality. Conclusions: The anticoagulation protocol that no heparin after a 3000 units heparin bolus in VV ECMO supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrhage risk is safe.
Climate Variability and Trends in the Endorheic Lake Hayk Basin: Implications for Lake Hayk Water Level Changes in the Lake Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Mewded Mezgebu , Abebe Adane , Tilahun Seifu , Agide Zeleke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
For sustainable climate hazard management, climate information at the local level is crucial for developing countries like Ethiopia, which has an exceptionally low adaptive capacity to changes in climate. As a result, rather than making local decisions based on findings from national-scale studies, the study area's research gap of local level climate variability and trend was investigated within the endorheic Lake Hayk basin for the historic series from 1986 to 2015 to scientifically show climate change/variability implications on Lake Hayk water level variations. To achieve the study objective, the precipitation, station and ERA5 reanalysis temperature and patchy lake level fused with remote sensed water extents were examined using various statistical approaches.
Results
The major findings revealed less variable (CV= 16.66%) and statistically nonsignificant declining trends (-33.94 mm/decade) in annual precipitation. Belg and Bega seasonal precipitation showed highly variable (CV = 43.94-47.46%) nonsignificant downward trends of 4.57 mm and 22 mm per decade respectively, whereas kiremt precipitation showed moderate variability (CV=23.80%) and increased nonsignificantly at a rate of 21.89 mm per decade. Annual and seasonal mean temperatures exhibited less variable but statistically significant rising trends ranging from +0.20 to +0.45°C each decade. The lake's water level showed less variable nonsignificant rising trends (70 mm to 120 mm per year) on annual and seasonal scales between 1999 and 2005. The lake's surface area has decreased from 2243.33 ha in 2005 to 2165.33 ha in 2011. During 2011-2015, it likewise demonstrated a high variable (CV > 30%) statistically significant dropping trend ranging from -250 mm to -340 mm per year on annual and seasonal periods.
Conclusions
The study discovered that the endorheic lake basin was dominated by variable and diminishing precipitation, as well as continuous warming trends, particularly in recent years. It is argued that this climatic state was having a negative impact on Lake Hayk's substantially dropping water level, necessitating an immediate basin-based water management decision to save Lake Hayk from extinction.
Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogels For Biomedical Applications
Authors: Almeida Ana P. C. , Saraiva João N. , Cavaco Gonçalo , Portela Raquel P. , Leal Catarina R. , Sobral Rita G. , Almeida Pedro L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The skin, fundamental barrier that protects internal tissues, prevents pathogen invasion, and maintains the body fluid equilibrium, may be compromised upon traumas, such as incisions and burns. The healing process of such wounds is costly and usually hindered by the patient’s physiological conditions, associated diseases, inflammation and external factors, namely bacterial infections. Recently, increasing attention has been given to bacterial cellulose-based membranes to be applied as dressings for healing purposes. Bacterial cellulose is an attractive biomaterial due to its unique structural characteristics such as high porosity, high water retention capacity, high mechanical strength, low density, and biodegradability. One drawback of bacterial cellulose hydrogels is that, after the first dehydration, the water retention capacity is hindered. In this work we produced, modified, and characterized hydrated and de-hydrated BC membranes. Two crosslinking methods were adopted (using citric acid and epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agents), and the results obtained from the characterizations such as water retention capacity, mechanical properties or contact angle were compared to those of unmodified bacterial cellulose. We demonstrate that the cross-linked bacterial cellulose membranes present physical properties suitable to be used as surgical and burn wound dressings when hydrated, or as exuding wound dressings, diapers dressing or sanitary pads when dehydrated.
Expression of Fatty Acid Synthase Genes and their Role in Development and Arboviral Infection of Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Chotiwan Nunya , Brito-Sierra Carlos A. , Ramirez Gabriella , Lian Elena , Hill Catherine A. , Perera Rushika 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Fatty acids are the building blocks of complex lipids essential for living organisms. In mosquitoes, fatty acids are involved in cell membrane production, energy conservation and expenditure, innate immunity, development, and reproduction. Fatty acids are synthesized by a multifunctional enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase (FAS). Several paralogues of FAS were found in the Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) mosquito. However, the molecular characteristics and the expression of some of these paralogues have not been investigated.
Methods
Genome assemblies of Ae. aegypti were analyzed and orthologues of human FAS were identified. Phylogenetic analysis and in silico molecular characterization were performed to identify the functional domains of the Ae. aegypti FAS (AaFAS). Quantitative analysis and loss-of-function experiments were performed to determine the significance of different AaFAS transcripts in various stages of development, expression following different diets and the impact of AaFAS on dengue virus, serotype 2 (DENV2) infection and transmission.
Results
We identified seven putative FAS genes in the Ae. aegypti genome assembly, based on nucleotide similarity to the FAS proteins (tBLASTn) of humans, other mosquitoes and invertebrates. Bioinformatics and molecular analyses suggested that only five of the FAS genes produce mRNA and therefore represent complete gene models. Expression levels of AaFAS varied among developmental stages and between male and female Ae. aegypti. Quantitative analyses revealed that expression of AaFAS1, the putative orthologue of the human FAS, was highest in adult females. Transient knockdown (KD) of AaFAS1 did not induce a complete compensation by other AaFAS genes but limited DENV2 infection of Aag2 cells in culture and the midgut of the mosquito.
Conclusion
AaFAS1 is the predominant AaFAS in the adult mosquitoes. It has the highest amino acid similarity to human FAS and contains all enzymatic domains typical of human FAS. AaFAS1 also facilitated DENV2 replication in both cell culture and in mosquito midguts. Our data suggest that AaFAS1 may play a role in transmission of dengue viruses, and could represent a target for intervention strategies.