bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐scale signatures of adaptive gene expression changes in an invasive seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla
Authors: Xiang Jin‐Xi , Saha Mahasweta , Zhong Kai‐Le , Zhang Quan‐Sheng , Zhang Di , Jueterbock Alexander , Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Wang Gao‐Ge , Weinberger Florian , Hu Zi‐Min 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInvasive species can successfully and rapidly colonize new niches and expand ranges via founder effects and enhanced tolerance towards environmental stresses. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms (i.e., gene expression changes) facilitating rapid adaptation to harsh environments are still poorly understood. The red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla, which is native to the northwest Pacific but invaded North American and European coastal habitats over the last 100 years, provides an excellent model to examine whether enhanced tolerance at the level of gene expression contributed to its invasion success. We collected G. vermiculophylla from its native range in Japan and from two non‐native regions along the Delmarva Peninsula (Eastern United States) and in Germany. Thalli were reared in a common garden for 4 months at which time we performed comparative transcriptome (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. MRNA‐expression profiling identified 59 genes that were differently expressed between native and non‐native thalli. Of these genes, most were involved in metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, abiotic stress, and biosynthesis of products and hormones in all four non‐native sites. MiRNA‐based target‐gene correlation analysis in native/non‐native pairs revealed that some target genes are positively or negatively regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. Importantly, these genes are mostly associated with metabolism and defence capability (e.g., metal transporter Nramp5, senescence‐associated protein, cell wall‐associated hydrolase, ycf68 protein and cytochrome P450‐like TBP). Thus, our gene expression results indicate that resource reallocation to metabolic processes is most likely a predominant mechanism contributing to the range‐wide persistence and adaptation of G. vermiculophylla in the invaded range. This study, therefore, provides molecular insight into the speed and nature of invasion‐mediated rapid adaption.
Season, age, sex, and location impact the density of tooth rake mark and dorsal fin notch ofIndo‐Pacifichumpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Serres Agathe , Lin Wenzhi , Liu Binshuai , Lin Mingli , Liu Mingming , Chen Shenglan , Li Songhai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTooth rake marks are usually used as an indicator of received aggression in odontocetes whose social interactions are difficult to observe directly. Photographic data from five locations of the northern South China Sea were used to analyze seasonal, demographic, and geographic effects on the density of tooth rake marks and dorsal fin notches in Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis, IPHDs). The analysis revealed that fresh tooth rake marks were most frequent during the dry season. Males exhibited significantly higher rake mark density than females and rake density declined significantly with age. The density of notches was also significantly higher for males than for females, and lower for young dolphins than for mid‐aged and adult ones. Geographically, tooth rake mark and notch density were the highest in Sanniang Bay and Southwestern Hainan. These results provide indirect evidence of variation in social interactions across seasons, across the lifespan of an individual, between sexes, and among different locations. This variation may result from changes in biological parameters, differences in social lives, and habitat characteristics. A model to determine the sex of dolphins was tested, and after further validation, such sex assignment could contribute to understanding IPHDs' social structure.
Phosphorus limitation of early growth differs between nitrogen‐fixing and nonfixing dry tropical forest tree species
Authors: Toro Laura , Pereira‐Arias Damaris , Perez‐Aviles Daniel , Vargas G. German , Soper Fiona M. , Gutknecht Jessica , Powers Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Tropical forests are often characterized by low soil phosphorus (P) availability, suggesting that P limits plant performance. However, how seedlings from different functional types respond to soil P availability is poorly known but important for understanding and modeling forest dynamics under changing environmental conditions.

We grew four nitrogen (N)‐fixing Fabaceae and seven diverse non‐N‐fixing tropical dry forest tree species in a shade house under three P fertilization treatments and evaluated carbon (C) allocation responses, P demand, P‐use, investment in P acquisition traits, and correlations among P acquisition traits.

Nitrogen fixers grew larger with increasing P addition in contrast to non‐N fixers, which showed fewer responses in C allocation and P use. Foliar P increased with P addition for both functional types, while P acquisition strategies did not vary among treatments but differed between functional types, with N fixers showing higher root phosphatase activity (RPA) than nonfixers.

Growth responses suggest that N fixers are limited by P, but nonfixers may be limited by other resources. However, regardless of limitation, P acquisition traits such as mycorrhizal colonization and RPA were nonplastic across a steep P gradient. Differential limitation among plant functional types has implications for forest succession and earth system models.
Multicenter assessment of the outcomes of subcutaneous ICD implantation in patients with prior or future sternotomy
Authors: Al‐Kofahi Mejalli , Adeola Oluwaseun G. , Payne Jason , Mohammed Moghniuddin , Reddy Y. Madhu , Dendi Raghuveer , Pimentel Rhea , Berenbom Loren , Emert Martin , Ramirez Rigoberto , Noheria Amit , Montgomery Jay A. , Sheldon Seth H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe subcutaneous ICD (S‐ICD) is a viable alternative to transvenous ICD and avoids intravascular complications in patients without a pacing indication. The outcomes of S‐ICD implantation are uncertain in patients with prior sternotomy.ObjectiveWe aim to compare the implant techniques and outcomes with S‐ICD implantation in patients with and without prior sternotomy.MethodsMulticenter retrospective cohort study including adult patients with an S‐ICD implanted between January 2014 and June 2020. Outcomes were compared between patients with and without prior sternotomy.ResultsAmong the 212 patients (49 ± 15 years old, 43% women, BMI 30 ± 8 kg/m2, 68% primary prevention, 30% ischemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF median 30% IQR 25%–45%) who underwent S‐ICD implantation, 47 (22%) had a prior sternotomy. There was no difference in the sensing vector (57% vs. 53% primary, p = 0.55), laterality of the S‐ICD lead to the sternum (94% vs. 96% leftward, p = 0.54), or the defibrillation threshold (65 ± 1.4 J vs. 65 ± 0.8 J, p = 0.76) with versus without prior sternotomy. The frequency of 30‐day complications was similar with and without prior sternotomy (n = 3/47 vs. n = 15/165, 6% vs. 9%, p = 0.56). Over a median follow‐up of 28 months (IQR 10–49 months), the frequency of inappropriate shocks was similar between those with and without prior sternotomy (n = 3/47 and n = 16/165, 6% vs. 10%, p = 0.58).ConclusionImplantation of an S‐ICD in patients with prior sternotomy is safe with a similar risk of 30‐day complications and inappropriate ICD shocks as patients without prior sternotomy.
Keep going on: A qualitative comparative analysis on the durability of solidarity initiatives during and after crisis
Authors: Boonstra Beitske , Claessens Sophie , Warsen Rianne , Van Meerkerk Ingmar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 lockdowns in the Netherlands, numerous solidarity initiatives emerged, providing relief to those affected by lockdown measures. These initiatives have an important added value for a society under crisis as they provide instant solutions to timely, crisis‐related needs, strengthen connectivity between stakeholders and divide the burdens of the crisis. The durability of these initiatives is however a concern and although the literature on durability of community‐based initiatives is growing, there is a lack of understanding how initiatives can sustain under the challenging dynamics of a major crisis. Using a fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 14 COVID‐19 solidarity initiatives in Rotterdam, this article explores whether conditions for the durability of community‐based initiatives in general (social capital, organizational resources, transformational leadership, and government support) also apply during a crisis, with special attention of the configurations of conditions under the challenging context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Quantitative plant taphonomy: the cosmopolitan Mesozoic fern Weichselia reticulata as a case study
Authors: Blanco‐Moreno Candela , Martín‐Abad Hugo , Buscalioni Ángela D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA quantitative approach to plant taphonomy focusing on preservation type and fragment size is tested by comparing 3338 Weichselia reticulata fragments from 25 Lower Cretaceous localities of different ages and depositional environments. Moreover, palaeobiological insights are also obtained from the taphonomic analyses. In the case of the specimens of Weichselia reticulata included in this work, charred remains are the most frequent preservation type, and are the smallest and most homogeneous in size, probably due to the fragmentation of the fronds while burning and to the fact that burnt fragments are more fragile and break easily during the initial abrasion and attrition produced by transport. The size of charred fragments varies depending on the depositional environment, suggesting that biostratinomic processes, and not fire temperature, are the main cause for size differences, and providing valuable insight into the distance the remains might have travelled from production to final deposition. The taphonomic analysis suggests that Weichselia reticulata is allochthonous in all the localities analysed, and that its habitat would have been prone to fire and not far from freshwater systems. This case study shows promising results that can be implemented on different plant groups and chronostratigraphic ages, allowing for the proposal of a taphonomic model.
It's not just in my head: An intersectional, social and systems‐based framework in gender and sexuality diversity
Authors: Dunlop Brendan J. , Lea James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe mental health and well‐being of gender and sexuality diverse (GSD) people needs to be understood within a socio‐political and cultural context.AimsIn this paper, an intersectional, social and system‐based framework for understanding the mental health and well‐being of GSD people is presented, for practitioners within this field to consider GSD mental health experiences and challenges within context.Materials and MethodsStarting with a consideration of the current landscape of understanding, pivotal theories and understandings within the field are outlined. The need for a framework that centralises intersectionality and broader systemic considerations is presented.ResultsThe framework provided has an explicit focus on four key features: (1) intersectionality, (2) institutions, policies and laws, (3) people and groups and (4) social stories.DiscussionConsideration of each of these ‘circles of influence’ can help practitioners to understand the multi‐layered and intersectional experience of GSD folk and allows for an understanding of potential intervention at both an individual and systemic and societal level.ConclusionUse of such a framework in practice goes above and beyond what is currently available by centralising the role and impact of such wider systemic variables through an intersectional lens. The framework can be applicable worldwide given its flexibility to consider and apply pertinent policies, laws, people, groups and social stories within a particular country or culture.
A comparative study on deep‐learning methods for dense image matching of multi‐angle and multi‐date remote sensing stereo‐images
Authors: Albanwan Hessah , Qin Rongjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeep‐learning (DL) stereomatching methods gained great attention in remote sensing satellite datasets. However, most of these existing studies conclude assessments based only on a few/single stereo‐images lacking a systematic evaluation on how robust DL methods are on satellite stereo‐images with varying radiometric and geometric configurations. This paper provides an evaluation of four DL stereomatching methods through hundreds of multi‐date multi‐site satellite stereopairs with varying geometric configurations, against the traditional well‐practiced Census‐semi‐global matching (SGM), to comprehensively understand their accuracy, robustness, generalisation capabilities, and their practical potential. The DL methods include a learning‐based cost metric through convolutional neural networks (MC‐CNN) followed by SGM, and three end‐to‐end (E2E) learning models using Geometry and Context Network (GCNet), Pyramid Stereo Matching Network (PSMNet), and LEAStereo. Our experiments show that E2E algorithms can achieve upper limits of geometric accuracies, while may not generalise well for unseen data. The learning‐based cost metric and Census‐SGM are rather robust and can consistently achieve acceptable results. All DL algorithms are robust to geometric configurations of stereopairs and are less sensitive in comparison to the Census‐SGM, while learning‐based cost metrics can generalise on satellite images when trained on different datasets (airborne or ground‐view).
Moral philosophy has much more to offer
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMoral philosophy is a rich tradition that contains many alternative approaches to determining what is right and wrong. A limited account that only considers (hedonistic) utilitarianism and deontology cannot do justice to moral philosophy. It is necessary to also consider the many other general‐purpose moral theories that have been proposed, as well as the approaches developed in various branches of applied ethics, such as healthcare ethics, the ethics of technology, and the ethics of risk.
Complex challenges should be approached by a multitude of theories and models
Authors: Braut Geir Sverre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic may be regarded as a wicked problem. Therefore, it should be analyzed by a multitude of theories and models. Approaching the complex set of challenges posed to individuals and society by singular methods, can lead to suboptimal decisions. Good decisions must take into account the large set of uncertainties we are facing, by using well established procedures, as for example health technology assessment (HTA) and a nuanced ethical framework.
Complementation and the creole continuum in the Eastern Caribbean
Authors: Walker James A. , Meyerhoff Miriam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines complement clauses in the Caribbean English spoken in Bequia (St Vincent and the Grenadines). Despite a small population (about 5,000), physical proximity and pervasive kinship ties across villages, Bequia English is characterised by considerable inter‐group differentiation, suggesting the existence of a (post‐)creole continuum. We analyse variation in the complementisers used to introduce finite (that, zero) and non‐finite subordinate clauses (for, to, zero) and relative clauses (that, wh‐forms, zero) in recorded conversations with 26 speakers from four villages. While frequency of complementiser use differs markedly across villages, patterns of variation do not present a straightforward continuum between more (Standard‐)English‐like and more creole‐like speech. Examination of the linguistic constraints conditioning complementiser choice provides evidence for distinct emergent endonormative patterns for Bequia English that belie the superficial differences between villages. We argue that linguistic details serve as a common means of expressing a highly local variety of English.
Common synaptic input, synergies and size principle: Control of spinal motor neurons for movement generation
Authors: Hug François , Avrillon Simon , Ibáñez Jaime , Farina Dario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how movement is controlled by the CNS remains a major challenge, with ongoing debate about basic features underlying this control. In current established views, the concepts of motor neuron recruitment order, common synaptic input to motor neurons and muscle synergies are usually addressed separately and therefore seen as independent features of motor control. In this review, we analyse the body of literature in a broader perspective and we identify a unified approach to explain apparently divergent observations at different scales of motor control. Specifically, we propose a new conceptual framework of the neural control of movement, which merges the concept of common input to motor neurons and modular control, together with the constraints imposed by recruitment order. This framework is based on the following assumptions: (1) motor neurons are grouped into functional groups (clusters) based on the common inputs they receive; (2) clusters may significantly differ from the classical definition of motor neuron pools, such that they may span across muscles and/or involve only a portion of a muscle; (3) clusters represent functional modules used by the CNS to reduce the dimensionality of the control; and (4) selective volitional control of single motor neurons within a cluster receiving common inputs cannot be achieved. Here, we discuss this framework and its underlying theoretical and experimental evidence.
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Research on Life Extension of Water Hydraulic Control Valve Based on Augmented Reality for Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Xu He , Sun Feng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The life extension of the control valve is deserving of research. The study of life extension associated with control valves is a multidisciplinary problem, but it mainly depends on the control valve’s failure. To monitor the operating state of the control valve, this paper provides decision-making suggestions for extending the service life of the control valve by augmented reality (AR)-based cavitation analysis. The valve core is an essential part of the control valve and is often exposed to cavitation. To study the cavitation area near the control valve core, the analysis of the transparent control valve body made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material was carried out in this study. The emergence of PMMA eased the capturing of images by high-speed photography. A feature-based algorithm was written using Python software to visualize the cavitation area. Furthermore, we combined AR-based cavitation observation and fault diagnosis to guide the life extension process of the control valve with the visual flow field information.
Experimental Validation of Extremum Seeking Control for a Midsize Hydrostatic Transmission Wind Turbine
Authors: Escobar-Naranjo Daniel , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Stelson Kim A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) is a model-free control strategy that uses a dither signal to enable a gradient search to find an optimal operating point. The adaptability and model-free nature of the ESC can be beneficial to improve power capture of wind turbines because the Cp (power capture coefficient) vs. λ (tip speed ratio) curve is constantly changing in time and is dependent on uncertain parameters that are not easily available. For conventional gearbox wind turbines, ESC is used to continuously search for the optimal torque gain, k, of the commonly used kω2 law, improving the power capture when compared to control using a fixed k gain. Our group has expanded the studies of ESC to Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) wind turbines through simulation. The work studied the effectiveness of ESC for a midsize HST wind turbine, under steady, step, and turbulent wind, and its robustness to changes in the Cp vs. λ curve. Previous simulation results are experimentally validated here using the HST dynamometer at the University of Minnesota. Experiments show that ESC can effectively adapt to changing Cp vs. λ curves and results are compared to the simulations validating the results. Use of an anti-windup algorithm is also discussed.
Dynamometer Testing of Hydraulic Fluids in an Axial Piston Pump Under Simulated Backhoe Loader Trenching Conditions
Authors: Michael Paul , Stelson Kim , Williams Daniel , Malik Hassan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The standard method for determining the efficiency of hydraulic pumps is specified in ISO 4409. This method requires that performance measurements be made under steady state conditions. In this investigation, the efficiency of a variable displacement axial piston pump was evaluated under both steady state and dynamic conditions. The dynamic conditions were derived from an analysis of measurements collected during multiple backhoe loader soil trenching cycles. The trenching cycle was replicated in the dynamometer by controlling pump swashplate motion, outlet pressure, and rotational frequency. In dynamic testing, data was collected at 1000 Hz and the duration of the trenching cycle was 12 seconds. In steady state testing, input values for swashplate position, outlet pressure, and rotational frequency were extracted from the duty cycle at 0.05 s intervals. Fifteen seconds of data was collected for each of the resulting 583 test points. Thus, several hours of testing were required to reproduce the trenching cycle under steady state conditions. Under steady state conditions pump volumetric efficiency was approximately 2% higher than in dynamic testing. The difference in volumetric efficiency was attributed to pump inlet line dynamics. The dynamic response of the pump inlet line was studied using a transmission line model that was based upon well-established methods for the characterization of line resistance, inertance, and capacitance. Non-linear terms for resistance and capacitance were included to investigate the effects of these properties on inlet line pressure ripple. Data from inline viscosity and density sensors was used in a sensitivity analysis. Inlet line pressure ripple was found to increase as the fluid viscosity decreased. This effect was also seen as polymer additives sheared. These findings provide insights into the effects of fluid properties on pump inlet line dynamics.
Investigation of Temperature Influence on Flow Mapping of Electrohydraulic Valves and Corresponding Application
Authors: Liu Jianbin , Sitte André , Weber Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electrohydraulic valves are crucial components in hydraulic systems, especially for the flow control or velocity control. With increased accuracy requirements of hydraulic drives, the electrohydraulic valves are required to have precise flow mapping. Starting with research on flow mapping under consideration of control signal, pressure drop and temperature, the novel flow mapping formula for flow mapping of electrohydraulic valves has been deduced. Through theoretical and experimental investigation, temperature influence on flow mapping could not only be qualitatively but also quantitatively analyzed. In particular, the mechanism of temperature affecting flow rate is further revealed. To verify the new flow mapping formula of the electrohydraulic valves, a test rig in laboratory has been set up. In order to obtain the evolving flow mapping of a Valvistor valve, the flow mapping formula at the institute has been applied and exemplified. The comparison with the experimental data indicates that the developed formula shows promising capabilities to describe the temperature influence on the flow mapping of electrohydraulic valve accurately. At the end, the capabilities of the developed solution are shown with a virtual real-time demonstrator accessed via an OPC UA data link inside a simulation environment with consideration of temperature compensation for feedforward control.