bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequality and cooperation in social networks
Authors: Melamed David , Simpson Brent , Montgomery Bradley , Patel Vedang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSocial networks are fundamental to the broad scale cooperation observed in human populations. But by structuring the flow of benefits from cooperation, networks also create and sustain macro-level inequalities. Here we ask how two aspects of inequality shape the evolution of cooperation in dynamic social networks. Results from a crowdsourced experiment (N = 1080) show that inequality alters the distribution of cooperation within networks such that participants engage in more costly cooperation with their wealthier partners in order to maintain more valuable connections to them. Inequality also influences network dynamics, increasing the tendency for participants to seek wealthier partners, resulting in structural network change. These processes aggregate to alter network structures and produce greater system-level inequality. The findings thus shed critical light on how networks serve as both boon and barrier to macro-level human flourishing.
Mechanisms of enhanced aggregation and fibril formation of Parkinson’s disease-related variants of α-synuclein
Authors: Ohgita Takashi , Namba Norihiro , Kono Hiroki , Shimanouchi Toshinori , Saito Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into amyloid fibrils is closely associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Familial mutations or posttranslational truncations in α-syn are known as risk factor for PD. Here, we examined the effects of the PD-related A30P or A53T point mutation and C-terminal 123–140 or 104–140 truncation on the aggregating property of α-syn based on the kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. Thioflavin T fluorescence measurements indicated that A53T, Δ123‒140, and Δ104–140 variants aggregated faster than WT α-syn, in which the A53T mutation markedly increases nucleation rate whereas the Δ123‒140 or Δ104‒140 truncation significantly increases both nucleation and fibril elongation rates. Ultracentrifugation and western blotting analyses demonstrated that these mutations or truncations promote the conversion of monomer to aggregated forms of α-syn. Analysis of the dependence of aggregation reaction of α-syn variants on the monomer concentration suggested that the A53T mutation enhances conversion of monomers to amyloid nuclei whereas the C-terminal truncations, especially the Δ104–140, enhance autocatalytic aggregation on existing fibrils. In addition, thermodynamic analysis of the kinetics of nucleation and fibril elongation of α-syn variants indicated that both nucleation and fibril elongation of WT α-syn are enthalpically and entropically unfavorable. Interestingly, the unfavorable activation enthalpy of nucleation greatly decreases for the A53T and becomes reversed in sign for the C-terminally truncated variants. Taken together, our results indicate that the A53T mutation and the C-terminal truncation enhance α-syn aggregation by reducing unfavorable activation enthalpy of nucleation, and the C-terminal truncation further triggers the autocatalytic fibril elongation on the fibril surfaces.
Wastewater effluent affects behaviour and metabolomic endpoints in damselfly larvae
Authors: Späth Jana , Fick Jerker , McCallum Erin , Cerveny Daniel , Nording Malin L. , Brodin Tomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWastewater treatment plant effluents have been identified as a major contributor to increasing anthropogenic pollution in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about the potentially adverse effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent on aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we assessed effects of wastewater effluent on the behaviour and metabolic profiles of damselfly larvae (Coenagrion hastulatum), a common aquatic invertebrate species. Four key behavioural traits: activity, boldness, escape response, and foraging (traits all linked tightly to individual fitness) were studied in larvae before and after one week of exposure to a range of effluent dilutions (0, 50, 75, 100%). Effluent exposure reduced activity and foraging, but generated faster escape response. Metabolomic analyses via targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry methods revealed that exposure caused significant changes to 14 individual compounds (4 amino acids, 3 carnitines, 3 lysolipids, 1 peptide, 2 sugar acids, 1 sugar). Taken together, these compound changes indicate an increase in protein metabolism and oxidative stress. Our findings illustrate that wastewater effluent can affect both behavioural and physiological traits of aquatic invertebrates, and as such might pose an even greater threat to aquatic ecosystems than previously assumed. More long-term studies are now needed evaluate if these changes are linked to adverse effects on fitness. The combination of behavioural and metabolomic assessments provide a promising tool for detecting effects of wastewater effluent, on multiple biological levels of organisation, in aquatic ecosystems.
Role of trade agreements in the global cereal market and implications for virtual water flows
Authors: Falsetti Benedetta , Ridolfi Luca , Laio Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of food trade, which involves a corresponding virtual trade in environmental resources, is relevant for its effects on the environment. Among the socioeconomic factors driving the international food market, trade agreements play a significant yet poorly understood role in facilitating access to worldwide trade. Focusing on the global trade of grain from 1993 to 2015, we investigate the role of trade agreements in activating new linkages and increasing traded volumes and their environmental implications. Through a data-driven approach, we show that the activation of a trade agreement among countries induces a more than six-fold increase in the probability of establishing a new link. Also, the presence of a trade agreement over time, not just its activation, relates to a more stable market since it reduces the probability of link deactivation by more than half. The trade links covered by agreements show larger flows and smoother inter-annual fluctuations. Furthermore, trade agreements encourage the development of more water-efficient flows by stimulating the exchange of crops with high water productivity values. The average economic water productivity of crops traded under trade agreements increases by 62% when considering total virtual water and even by 93% when focusing on blue water.
Myocardial work index during normal dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Leitman Marina , Balboul Yoni , Burgsdorf Oleg , Tyomkin Vladimir , Fuchs Shmuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDobutamine stress echocardiography is an alternative method to exercise stress echocardiography for the evaluation of ischemia. Recently, the novel speckle tracking imaging derived parameter, myocardial work index, was suggested for the evaluation of cardiac performance and was evaluated during exercise stress echocardiography. In this study, we analyzed the effect of dobutamine on myocardial work index variables during normal dobutamine stress echocardiography. Echocardiography examinations of patients with normal dobutamine stress echocardiography were collected and underwent off-line speckle tracking imaging analysis. Myocardial work index parameters were calculated at each dose of dobutamine and compared. 286 patients underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography during the study period. 102 patients were excluded due to pre-existed coronary artery disease or ischemia at dobutamine stress echocardiography. 65 patients were excluded due to suboptimal image quality unsuitable for speckle tracking imaging analysis. The remaining 119 patients with normal results were included. The global work index decreased from 2393.3 to 1864.7 mmHg%, p < 0.0004. Global constructive work decreased from 2681.7 to 2152.6 mmHg%, p = 0.001. Global wasted work increased from 78.8 to 128.3 mmHg%, p < 0.003. Global work efficacy decreased from 96.1 to 91.9%, p < 0.00001. Global strain increased from—19.6 to − 23.7%, p < 0.00001. Dobutamine stress echocardiography results in a decrease of all specific myocardial work index parameters even in normal subjects. Only global myocardial strain improved.
Bioimpedance spinal needle provides high success and low complication rate in lumbar punctures of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Långström Satu , Huurre Anu , Kari Juho , Lohi Olli , Sievänen Harri , Palmu Sauli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this prospective single-arm study of 50 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we evaluated the clinical performance of a novel bioimpedance spinal needle system in 152 intrathecal treatment lumbar punctures (LP) of these patients. The system detects in real-time when the needle tip reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the spinal canal. The success was defined as getting a CSF sample and/or administering the intrathecal treatment with one needle insertion. Incidence of traumatic LP (TLP) was defined as ≥ 10 erythrocytes/µL of CSF. Post-procedural complications were monitored with a one-week diary and one-month register follow-up. The success of the first attempt was 79.5%, with the CSF detection sensitivity of 86.1%. The incidence of TLP was 17.3%. A successful first attempt was associated with a significantly lower incidence of TLP (10% vs 40%, p = 0.0015). During the week after the procedure, the incidence of post-dural puncture headache was 6%. During the follow-up, no major complications were observed. In conclusion, the novel bioimpedance spinal needle system achieved a high success rate and low incidence of TLP and other complications in pediatric patients with ALL in a real-world clinical setting, indicating clinical utility for this system in pediatric hemato-oncology.
Clinical characteristics and treatment of elderly onset adult-onset Still’s disease
Authors: Kishida Dai , Ichikawa Takanori , Takamatsu Ryota , Nomura Shun , Matsuda Masayuki , Ishii Wataru , Nagai Tatsuo , Suzuki Sadahiro , Ueno Ken-ichi , Tachibana Naoki , Shimojima Yasuhiro , Sekijima Yoshiki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD)—a systemic inflammatory disease—often occurs at a young age. Recently, elderly onset patient proportion has been increasing; however, data are limited. To evaluate the characteristics of elderly patients with AOSD in a multicenter cohort, we retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with AOSD at five hospitals during April 2008–December 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to age at disease onset: younger-onset (≤ 64 years) and elderly onset (≥ 65 years). Clinical symptoms, complications, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcomes were compared. Twenty-six (41.9%) patients developed AOSD at age ≥ 65 years. The elderly onset group had a lower frequency of sore throat (53.8% vs. 86.1%), higher frequency of pleuritis (46.2% vs. 16.7%), and higher complication rates of disseminated intravascular coagulation (30.8% vs. 8.3%) and macrophage activation syndrome (19.2% vs. 2.8%) than the younger onset group. Cytomegalovirus infections were frequent in elderly onset patients (38.5% vs. 13.9%) but decreased with early glucocorticoid dose reduction and increased immunosuppressant and tocilizumab use. Elderly AOSD is not uncommon; these patients have different characteristics than younger-onset patients. Devising a way to control disease activity quickly while managing infections may be an important goal in elderly AOSD.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer for diesel spray impingement on a high temperature wall
Authors: Guo Zhenyao , Zhang Weizheng , Jin Shuang , Shi Zhicheng , Yuan Yanpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of spray-wall impingement on a high temperature wall were studied by using a transient thermocouple and a one-dimensional finite-difference conduction model to obtain variations of wall temperature and heat flux. Results showed that increasing the injection pressure and decreasing the ambient temperature both caused an increase in surface heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. However, with the increase of the initial surface temperature from 200 to 600 °C, the surface heat flux and heat transfer coefficient first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at about 520 °C and 390 °C respectively, which was due to the change of heat transfer regime on the wall. The contribution of experimental factors descended in the order of initial surface temperature, injection pressure and ambient temperature. The dimensionless surface heat fluxes in terms of Biot and Fourier numbers were highly similar and a dimensionless correlation was developed to quantify this heat transfer behavior, which showed that the ratio of the thermal resistance of the high temperature wall to the thermal resistance of convection heat transfer on the wall surface changed almost linearly during the process of spray-wall impingement.
Reaction time and working memory in gamers and non-gamers
Authors: Ziv Gal , Lidor Ronnie , Levin Oron 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this pre-registered study was to examine whether asking gamers and non-gamers about their video game playing habits before or after they performed computerized cognitive-motor tasks affects their performance of those tasks. We recruited 187 participants from an online participants’ recruitment platform. Out of those participants, 131 matched our criteria as gamers or non-gamers. They were then divided to two subgroups, and performed a choice-RT task, a Simon task, an alternate task-switching task, and a digit span memory task either before or after answering a video-game playing habits questionnaire. The results showed that gamers who completed a video-games questionnaire before performing the tasks had faster reaction times (RTs) in the Simon task compared with gamers who answered the questionnaire after performing the tasks. In contrast, non-gamers who answered the questionnaire before the task had slower RTs in the Simon task and the alternate task-switching task compared with non-gamers who answered the questionnaire after performing the tasks. The results suggest that answering a video-games questionnaire before the start of a study can lead to a response expectancy effect—positive for gamers and negative for non-gamers. This may bias findings of studies examining video games and the performance of cognitive-motor tasks.
In vivo engraftment into the cornea endothelium using extracellular matrix shrink-wrapped cells
Authors: Palchesko Rachelle N. , Du Yiqin , Geary Moira L. , Carrasquilla Santiago , Shiwarski Daniel J. , Khandaker Irona , Funderburgh James L. , Feinberg Adam W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCell injection is a common clinical approach for therapeutic delivery into diseased and damaged tissues in order to achieve regeneration. However, cell retention, viability, and engraftment at the injection site have generally been poor, driving the need for improved approaches. Here, we developed a technique to shrink-wrap micropatterned islands of corneal endothelial cells in a basement membrane-like layer of extracellular matrix that enables the cells to maintain their cell-cell junctions and cytoskeletal structure while in suspension. These μMonolayers exhibited the ability to rapidly engraft into intact, high-density corneal endothelial monolayers in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Importantly, the engrafted μMonolayers increased local cell density, something that the clinical-standard single cells in suspension failed to do. These results show that shrink-wrapping cells in extracellular matrix dramatically improves engraftment and provides a potential alternative to cornea transplant when low endothelial cell density is the cause of corneal blindness.
Metabolism in atherosclerotic plaques: immunoregulatory mechanisms in the arterial wall
Authors: Forteza Maria J. , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest to understand the link between metabolism and the immune response in the context of metabolic diseases but also beyond, giving then birth to a new field of research. Termed ‘immunometabolism’, this interdisciplinary field explores paradigms of both immunology and metabolism to provided unique insights into different disease pathogenic processes, and the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Similar to other inflammatory conditions, the atherosclerotic inflammatory process in the artery has been associated with a local dysregulated metabolic response. Thus, recent studies show that metabolites are more than just fuels in their metabolic pathways, and they can act as modulators of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this review article, we describe the most common immunometabolic pathways characterised in innate and adaptive immune cells, and discuss how macrophages’ and T cells’ metabolism may influence phenotypic changes in the plaque. Moreover, we discuss the potential of targeting immunometabolism to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Sequencing Deficits and Phonological Speech Errors, But Not Articulation Errors, Predict Later Literacy Skills
Authors: Boada Katheryn L. , Boada Richard , Pennington Bruce F. , Peterson Robin L. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Speech sound disorder (SSD) in conjunction with a language disorder has been associated with poor literacy acquisition; however, no study has evaluated whether articulation, phonological, or sequencing skills are differentially related to reading skills. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between speech error types at ages 5–6 years and literacy at ages 7–9 years. Phonological errors were hypothesized to predict phonological awareness (PA) and literacy even while accounting for other speech error types and language skills.

Method:
One hundred twenty-three children, 86 with a history of speech impairment, completed a battery of speech, language, and literacy tests at ages 5–6 years and again at ages 7–9 years. Speech production at ages 5–6 years was analyzed, and indices of articulation errors, phonological errors, and sequencing deficits were obtained. The relationships of these error types to concurrent language and preliteracy skills and to later literacy outcomes were assessed.

Results:
As expected, phonological, but not articulation, errors at ages 5–6 years predicted concurrent PA and letter knowledge, as well as literacy at ages 7–9 years, even while accounting for language skills. Surprisingly, of all the error types, sequencing deficits showed the strongest relationship with PA (ages 5–6 years) and literacy (ages 7–9 years).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that some components of SSD uniquely predict preliteracy and literacy skills, even when controlling for language ability. Future investigations should examine further the association between sequencing deficits and literacy skills, test whether observed relationships hold at younger ages, and evaluate the efficacy of integrating literacy interventions into speech therapy to reduce later reading difficulties.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19624020
Component‐based nearest neighbour subspace clustering
Authors: Hotta Katsuya , Xie Haoran , Zhang Chao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of clustering data points that lie near or on a union of independent low‐dimensional subspaces is addressed. To this end, the popular spectral clustering‐based algorithms usually follow a two‐stage strategy that initially builds an affinity matrix and then applies spectral clustering. However, an inappropriate affinity matrix that does not sufficiently connect data points lying on the same subspace will easily lead to the issue of over‐segmentation. To alleviate this issue, building the affinity matrix based on subspace hypotheses generated by an iterative sampling operation according to the Random Cluster Model under the framework of energy minimisation is proposed. Specifically, each hypothesis is generated from a large number of data points by sampling a component in a K‐nearest neighbour graph. Extensive experiments on synthetic data and real‐world datasets show that the proposed method can improve the connectivity of the affinity matrix and provide competitive results against state‐of‐the‐art methods.
KMT-2021-BLG-1898: Planetary microlensing event involved with binary source stars
Authors: Han Cheongho , Gould Andrew , Kim Doeon , Jung Youn Kil , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   The KMTNet Collaboration
Published: April 2022

Aims. The light curve of the microlensing event KMT-2021-BLG-1898 exhibits a short-term central anomaly with double-bump features that cannot be explained by the usual binary-lens or binary-source interpretations. With the aim of interpreting the anomaly, we analyze the lensing light curve under various sophisticated models.
Methods. We find that the anomaly is explained by a model, in which both the lens and source are binaries (2L2S model). For this interpretation, the lens is a planetary system with a planet/host mass ratio of q ~ 1.5 × 10−3, and the source is a binary composed of a turn off or a subgiant star and a mid K dwarf. The double-bump feature of the anomaly can also be depicted by a triple-lens model (3L1S model), in which the lens is a planetary system containing two planets. Among the two interpretations, the 2L2S model is favored over the 3L1S model not only because it yields a better fit to the data, by ∆χ2 = [14.3−18.5], but also the Einstein radii derived independently from the two stars of the binary source result in consistent values. According to the 2L2S interpretation, KMT-2021-BLG-1898 is the third planetary lensing event occurring on a binary stellar system, following MOA-2010-BLG-117 and KMT-2018-BLG-1743.
Results. Under the 2L2S interpretation, we identify two solutions resulting from the close-wide degeneracy in determining the planet-host separation. From a Bayesian analysis, we estimate that the planet has a mass of ~0.7−0.8 MJ, and it orbits an early M dwarf host with a mass of ~0.5 M⊙. The projected planet-host separation is ~1.9 AU and ~3.0 AU according to the close and wide solutions, respectively.