bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Fight
Authors: Whittaker Jason 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The fame of Blake’s poetry was due to the composition of C. Hubert H. Parry, one of the most respected composers of his day and a major influence on the English school of the Edwardian and Georgian period. This chapter traces the circumstances in which ‘Jerusalem’ was written, how Parry removed it from use by the Fight for Right movement, a pro-nationalistic organization set up to support the war effort, and instead gave the copyright to Millicent Fawcett and the suffragettes. The chapter also includes a musicological analysis of the song to explain some of its effects on listeners.
Bring Me My Bow
Authors: Whittaker Jason 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with the post-war Labour government and the attempt, spearheaded by Clement Attlee, to rebuild England as a new Jerusalem after World War II; it describes how ‘Jerusalem’ became one of the anthems of the Labour Party and also made its way into schools. It also explores the ways in which, as the British Empire was broken apart, nostalgia for a bygone age contributed to the increasing importance of the Blake–Parry hymn as part of the Last Night of the Proms, as well as being an embarrassing legacy of the Establishment in popular culture of the 1960s and 1970s.
Background part B
Authors: McMaster Brian , McCluskey Aisling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Continuing the background reinforcement role of Chapter 1, this chapter summarises elementary analysis and calculus of real functions. Limits and continuity of a real function are presented both intuitively and formally, and basic key results indicated, such as the intermediate value theorem and the existence of maximum and minimum values for a continuous function on a bounded closed interval. Differentiation and derivative are described and defined, and standard results revised. The procedures and notations of partial differentiation and partial derivatives, for a real function of two real variables, are introduced.
Complex functions
Authors: McMaster Brian , McCluskey Aisling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins the exposition of limits, continuity and differentiability for complex functions, seen initially to be closely parallel to those for real functions. Open, closed and bounded sets in the complex plane are introduced, including nests of bounded, closed sets, and the result concerning boundedness of continuous functions on bounded, closed sets. The Cauchy–Riemann equations are introduced. Unexpected simplicities in later chapters are promised: multiple differentiability, Taylor’s theorem without remainder, Liouville’s theorem.
Discoveries and Controversies
Authors: Wilson Catherine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Eighteenth century Prussian culture was strongly hierarchical, autocratic, and religious. Frederick the Great was, however, open to French influences and sponsored a number of free-thinking philosophers who espoused atheism, materialism, and determinism. The authors associated with the French Encyclopedie regarded Nature as a set of self-sufficient active powers and the human being as the representative of a perishable animal species of no cosmic importance. In German, as well as French and British letters, metaphysics, with its references to God, the soul, and free will was widely ridiculed as pointless and confused verbal play. Against this anxiety-provoking background, Kant aimed to provide orientation for troubled citizens and a sustainable defence of metaphysics and rational religion.
The Penchant for Determinism and Kant’s Response
Authors: Wilson Catherine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, not only Spinoza, but nearly every philosopher of repute held to some form of determinism. Various intellectual strategies were developed to reconcile this determinism with some form of moral responsibility. Some philosophers, however, notably Holbach, La Mettrie, and Kant’s contemporary Schulz, argued that determinism implied that true desert did not exist and therefore punishment could only be justified by its improving consequences, if any. Kant strenuously opposed this reasoning. His own arguments include a form of compatibilism based on the availability of two perspectives—a deterministic science of appearances vs. the first-person libertarian experience of agency. But Kant also presented a metaphysical account in which a noumenal subject might exercise pure agency outside the constraining framework of space and time as mere ‘forms of intuition.’
Obligation and the Moral Sentiments
Authors: Wilson Catherine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Kant was at first sympathetic to the psychological accounts of moral motivation and moral judgement constructed by Hutcheson, Hume and Smith, but his opposition to their naturalistic approach strengthened over time. Most disturbing to Kant was, on one hand, their failure to give any account of obligation other than as a psychological feeling, on the other hand, the importance placed by Hume and Smith on social judgement as the route to character formation. Kant insisted that moral obligation was effectively an ontological primitive, independent of any notion of expected future consequences, and that obligations had a particular logical form recognisable by reason. This left him with a problem of moral motivation which he insisted should be ‘pure’. He was forced to dilute this requirement in some of his writings by reference to a feeling for morality and by appeals to the hope of divine justice in another world.
The Puzzles of Purposiveness
Authors: Wilson Catherine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In his 1790 Critique of Judgement, Kant returned to the problem of living beings. The existence of animals adapted to their environments, co-existing in equilibrium, and capable of generating their kind had long been considered proof of divine design and manufacture. Kant found this argument powerful but not decisive. The alternative offered by his Epicurean contemporaries—that nature had found the way to produce a system of well-functioning, mutually adapted organisms by eliminating the unfit—seemed to him incredible and unscientific in depending too much on ‘chance.’ He had no good solution, except to hint that Nature might possess powers of production unavailable to scientific detection or that mechanical processes creating the appearance of purposiveness might exist but remain forever elusive. We could nevertheless understand the purposive behaviour of animals and the drive to developmental completeness in generation by reference to our own intentional behaviour.
Kant on Humanity, Diversity, and Human Value
Authors: Wilson Catherine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Kant’s formal universalism was overruled, as was the case in standard legal writings, by markedly inegalitarian views in concrete applications. Although Kant disliked the aristocracy; opposed slavery, except for those convicted of certain crimes, and was dismayed by colonial practices, he considered Africans, Asians, and American aboriginals intrinsically morally and intellectually inferior to Europeans, who could be expected to dominate the globe in the long run. Poverty and social subordination for some were inevitable elements of nature’s plans. Women were morally and intellectually inferior to men and were excluded from the obligation to develop talents, except those pertaining to domestic life and ordinary socializing. Sex was animalistic and dangerous but acceptable within a marriage contract. Kant’s views are compared and contrasted with those of Brandes, Campe, Kames, Hippel, Condorcet, and Herder.
Introduction to Risk Management
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the risk management subject and its importance in financial institutions. It provides a broad description of types of risks faced by the banking institutions. It introduces the reader to various types of risks and their interrelationships. The key drivers of credit, market, and operational risks are discussed in this overview. The concept of liquidity risk and interest rate risk in banking books and their nature are covered in this introductory chapter. The other important Pillar II risks like concentration risk, residual risk, reputation risks, and their indicators are included. We also discuss the role of statistical methods and its various applications in measuring and monitoring the core risks faced by FIs. How the Basel regulatory framework as well as internal risk culture can necessitate proper use of data and techniques to measure and manage risks are highlighted in this chapter.
Description of Data and Summary Statistics for Measurement of Risk
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Quantitative risk analytical research is about measurements. Statistics and econometrics are the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative research. Various descriptive statistics are useful in risk analysis. The application of summary statistics, central tendency (mean, median mode), dispersions (such as standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis), and data distribution (percentile, Lorenz curve) in risk measurement has been demonstrated with examples in this chapter. The analysis of these metrics will enable a risk manager to get idea about the nature of risk inherent in the business. Information about of body and spread of the data series are essential in estimating frequency and severity of losses. This chapter addresses the problem-solving side of the risk analytical work to equip the risk manager to get idea of a data series and analyze it patterns to understand the nature of risk inherent in the asset portfolio and trace problems.
Matrix Algebra and their Application in Risk Prediction and Risk Monitoring
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Matrix Algebra concept and its numerous application in the measurement of credit risk as well as market risk have been elaborated in this chapter. A matrix is a rectangular array of elements. The transition matrix derived from the concept of matrix algebra has numerous applications in predicting bond valuation, value at risk analysis, and loan portfolio monitoring. The Markov chain process is used by reputed rating agencies and also the best practiced banks to predict probabilities of rating migration including analysis of default risk. It also enables a bank to estimate PD for different horizons and derive loan level expected loss for risk provisioning. The estimated PD is also helpful to detect significant increase in credit risk and estimate unexpected loss. The variance–covariance matrix is used in solving multiple regression equations and to find out the regression coefficient. This chapter also explains its role in estimating total portfolio risk computation.
Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques and Value at Risk
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the author has discussed value at risk and simulation techniques to analyse credit, market, and operational loss data. This chapter describes the Monte Carlo simulation’s detailed steps to derive internal loss estimates. Credit metrics method has been explained using market value distribution of assets. Steps in identifying proper frequency as well severity distributions and fitting them for loss prediction have been elaborated with numerous examples. The loss convolution method to combine frequency and severity distributions has been elaborated in detail using operational loss data of a bank. The simulation has been run using Excel-based @Risk software. The chapter explains why VaR has emerged as a natural measure for Economic (or internal) capital in banks. The back-testing method to set proper risk limits has also been elaborated.
Time-Series Forecasting Techniques for Banking Variables
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA large proportion of economic data is in the form of time series. For forecasting financial variables, risk analysts need to understand trend, cyclicality, seasonality, and randomness of the series. This chapter explains trend forecasting method that will be useful for forecasting forward looking quarterly or annual gross non-performing assets, probability of default, exchange rate, and other key factors. The auto-regressive and moving average techniques are explained to predict key balance sheet value of Reserve Bank of India. Unit root test and role of ARIMA model have been explained with detailed steps to build forecasting models for exchange rate series. The same technique can be applied to predict future default rates as well. Next, multivariate time-series model has been constructed to link default rates with macroeconomic factors to derive stress testing scenarios. Time-series forecasting techniques have numerous applications in deriving early warning signals, loss provisioning model, and stress testing bank capital.
Politics and Divinization in Augustan Poetry
Authors: Xinyue Bobby 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This book offers a new interpretation of one of most prominent themes in Latin poetry, the divinization of Augustus, and argues that this theme functioned as a language of political science for the early Augustan poets as they tried to come to terms with Rome’s transformation from Republic to Principate. Examining an extensive body of texts ranging from Virgil’s Eclogues to Horace’s final book of the Odes (covering a period roughly from 43 bc to 13 bc), this study highlights the multifaceted metaphorical force of divinizing language, as well as the cultural complications of divinization. Through a series of close readings, this book challenges the view that poetic images of Augustus’ divinization merely reflect the poets’ attitude towards Augustus or their recognition of his power, and puts forward a new understanding of this motif as an evolving discourse through which the first generation of Augustan poets articulated, interrogated, and negotiated Rome’s shift towards authoritarianism.
Conquest and Immortality in Horace’s Odes
Authors: Xinyue Bobby 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Horace’s discussions of Augustus’ divinization in the first three books of the Odes. It interprets them within the broader context of Roman imperialism and the Augustan regime’s attempt to control the political narrative of post-civil war Rome. This chapter offers a two-pronged argument. Firstly, it argues that Horace’s presentation of Augustus’ divinization draws attention to the extent to which the discourse of Rome’s remarkable transformation—from being mired in civil strife to pacifying the world again—has contributed to Augustan power. While the Odes on the whole present Augustus’ divine mission as mirroring the expansion of Roman imperial authority, the ways in which Horace renders ambiguous the distinctions between triumph and defeat, Roman and foreign, and self and other in many of his poems obliquely contest the regime’s ideological drive, especially its reinvention of civil war as foreign conflict. The second prong of the argument is that the issue of Augustus’ divinization is used by Horace as a proxy to discuss the incompatibility between Horatian lyric and Augustan panegyric—between creative authority and political allegiance. In the ‘Bacchic Odes’ (2.7, 2.19, 3.25) and the ‘Roman Odes’ (3.1–6) especially, Horace presents the topic of Augustus’ divinization as something that tests both the limits of his lyric poetry and his credentials as a nationalistic vates. In this way, Horace conveys that even his most panegyrical poems are underpinned by a tension between accepting regime’s self-mythologizing discourse and holding onto his artistic and ideological autonomy.
State Capability in India
Authors: Somanathan T. V. , Natarajan Gulzar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This book seeks to assess state capability in India, identify weaknesses and their causes, and then propose measures to remedy them while recognizing political economy constraints. It examines the capability of public systems to design effective policies and implement them, with particular emphasis on India. Its focus is predominantly on the administrative contributors to state capability deficiencies. It straddles the fine line between analytical research scholarship and an ethnographic account of actors, processes, and institutions within different levels of government. Being participants and observers in the bureaucratic system, the authors describe reality without always seeking to locate it in the framework of existing academic literature.
Introduction
Authors: Somanathan T. V. , Natarajan Gulzar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter lays down the structure and content summary of the book. It lays down the scope of the book’s examination of state capability weakness. It defines state capability as the ability of governments to get things done. The chapter points to the importance of state capability, especially in implementing public policies and programs that can help realize development outcomes. In this context, it draws the distinction between policy formulation and program implementation and briefly points to their respective deficiencies. It concludes by describing the scope of the book and also what it does not cover. Its discussion of state capability is confined to the capability of the executive branch of the government.
The Size of the Indian State
Authors: Somanathan T. V. , Natarajan Gulzar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter questions the conventional wisdom about the ‘bloated’ Indian state and draws attention to the acute personnel deficiencies at many levels of administration at central, state, and local government levels. It draws on several examples from across government agencies at different levels to illustrate the generally thin nature of the state in India. It examines the reasons for the thin state, highlighting some of the less well-known practical incentives that encourage governments to limit hiring. It concludes with an examination of the possible solutions to addressing the thin state problem, while also highlighting the practical challenges associated.
A Practical Approach to Better Capability
Authors: Somanathan T. V. , Natarajan Gulzar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This concluding chapter offers some suggestions on pathways to initiate systemic change in development contexts. It discusses the idea of encouraging positive deviances that can trigger systemic transformations. It illustrates with examples of how anchor interventions can contribute to shifting the paradigm in entrenched systems. It also points to the need for big push or disruptive interventions in breaking out of entrenched bad equilibriums. It provides an illustrative example of how these ideas can be combined to improve student learning outcomes in public schools in India. It concludes by drawing attention to the need to manage expectations within public systems.
Shared Backgrounds and Cultural Pathways
Authors: Sandis Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The story of drama at university begins with drama at school. Students were commonly recruited from Oxford and Cambridge to take up posts as schoolmasters, often at their old school, while their pupils were, in turn, trained for the chance to compete to become university men. How did the universities select their new entrants, and what qualities were they looking for? Chapter 1 shows how performative skills were central to success, in both the secondary and tertiary education systems, and suggests redefining the relationship between theatre and pedagogy as a cyclical pattern. Without continuities of culture between Oxford and Cambridge colleges and their feeder schools, drama would not have developed at the universities in the way that it did.
Young Male Bodies and a Community in Costume
Authors: Sandis Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Who performed in plays at university and who were they performing for? Chapter 2 focuses on the actors and audiences and the relationship between them. I highlight two major factors which shape the drama, both of which are institutional: the all-male environment of the universities during this period, and their division into small, self-governing units—the colleges. This institutional structure creates the intimate nature of the college environment, where everybody knew everybody else. Those on the stage were playing for fellow members of the same community, and college membership was restricted to men. In Chapter 2 I demonstrate the impact which intramural, all-male culture had on the way that actors acted and audiences watched.
Epilogue
Authors: Sandis Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Arrival at university brought with it the expectation that a youth was on the road towards his ‘coming of age’, as a scholar, a man, and a ‘university man’ specifically. Scholars used the writing and performing of plays to demonstrate that they had the key skills by which all academics were judged: fluency in the Latin language, confidence in public speaking, and rhetorical efficacy. Here in the Epilogue we review the concepts of ‘adolescence’ and ‘adulthood’ and note the frequency with which coming-of-age themes recur on the college stage; playmaking is a part of the growing-up process and the college stage reveals who is still a work-in-progress and who is ripe and blossoming. As argued throughout the book, it was primarily on a college level that students lived, worked, and proved themselves to the community; therefore, a true understanding of ‘university drama’ at Oxford and Cambridge depends on our understanding of the individual histories of college drama. The Epilogue ends by drawing attention to some exciting recent discoveries which demonstrate how the corpus of Oxford and Cambridge drama is growing and evolving.
Introduction: A New Approach to the Meaning of Constitutional Texts
Authors: Neves Marcelo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This short introductory note aims to outline the central argument that guides this book and present the basic structure of its content. First, it is pointed out that the focus of the argument is concentrated on the fact that certain constitutional texts have a meaning contrary to their legal concretization. Emphasis is directed to their hypertrophically political-symbolic function to the detriment of their normative-legal force. Based on this argumentative core, the structure of the book is presented in four chapters: starting from the symbolic legislation (Chapter 1) to the symbolic constitutionalization (Chapter 2), followed by the characterization of the latter as allopoiesis of law (Chapter 3) and, finally, by the consideration of the tendency to a worldwide dissemination of the symbolic constitutionalization in the context of a ‘peripheralization of the center’ (Chapter 4).
to Symbolic Constitutionalization, Opening Up a Debate
Authors: Neves Marcelo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 opens up a debate about symbolic constitutionalization. The first step is to expound a systems-theory concept of the constitution as a structural coupling between the political and legal systems, but above all as a mechanism for the operational autonomy of law in modern society. The strategy here is to start strictly with this conceptual model of the constitution in order to question its empirical adequacy in cases of symbolic constitutionalization. Correspondingly, the chapter analyzes the problem of normative concretization of the constitutional text. With these theoretical premises, it sets out several aspects of the relationship between legal-normative inefficacy and the strong politico-symbolic function of the constitution in many states of the world society. In this context, there is a confrontation of the concept of symbolic constitutionalization with Karl Loewenstein’s classification of constitutions and with the notions of ritualistic constitutions, programmatic constitutional norms, communicative action, mass loyalty, and gag rules.