bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite Estimates of Mode-1 M2 Internal Tides Using Nonrepeat Altimetry Missions
Authors: Zhao Zhongxiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Previous satellite estimates of internal tides are usually based on 25 years of sea surface height (SSH) data from 1993 to 2017 measured by exact-repeat (ER) altimetry missions. In this study, new satellite estimates of internal tides are based on 8 years of SSH data from 2011 to 2018 measured mainly by nonrepeat (NR) altimetry missions. The two datasets are labeled ER25yr and NR8yr, respectively. NR8yr has advantages over ER25yr in observing internal tides because of its shorter time coverage and denser ground tracks. Mode-1 M2 internal tides are mapped from both datasets following the same procedure that consists of two rounds of plane wave analysis with a spatial bandpass filter in between. The denser ground tracks of NR8yr make it possible to examine the impact of window size in the first-round plane wave analysis. Internal tides mapped using six different windows ranging from 40 to 160 km have almost the same results on global average, but smaller windows can better resolve isolated generation sources. The impact of time coverage is studied by comparing NR8yr160km and ER25yr160km, which are mapped using 160-km windows in the first-round plane wave analysis. They are evaluated using independent satellite altimetry data in 2020. NR8yr160km has larger model variance and can cause larger variance reduction, suggesting that NR8yr160km is a better model than ER25yr160km. Their global energies are 43.6 and 33.6 PJ, respectively, with a difference of 10 PJ. Their energy difference is a function of location.

Significance Statement
Our understanding of internal tides is mainly limited by the scarcity of field measurements with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Satellite altimetry offers a unique technique for observing and predicting internal tides on a global scale. Previous satellite observations of internal tides are mainly based on 25 years of data from exact-repeat altimetry missions. This paper demonstrates that internal tides can be mapped using 8 years of data made by nonrepeat altimetry missions. The new dataset has shorter time coverage and denser ground tracks; therefore, one can examine the impact of window size and time coverage on mapping internal tides from satellite altimetry. A comparison of models mapped from the two datasets sheds new light on the spatiotemporal variability of internal tides.
On the Changes in Convection-Allowing WRF Forecasts of MCS Evolution due to Decreases in Model Horizontal and Vertical Grid Spacing. Part I: Changes in Cold Pool Evolution
Authors: Squitieri Brian J. , Gallus William A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The degree of improvement in convective representation in NWP with horizontal grid spacings finer than 3 km remains debatable. While some research suggests subkilometer horizontal grid spacing is needed to resolve details of convective structures, other studies have shown that decreasing grid spacing from 3–4 to 1–2 km offers little additional value for forecasts of deep convection. In addition, few studies exist to show how changes in vertical grid spacing impact thunderstorm forecasts, especially when horizontal grid spacing is simultaneously decreased. The present research investigates how warm-season central U.S. simulated MCS cold pools for 11 observed cases are impacted by decreasing horizontal grid spacing from 3 to 1 km, while increasing the vertical levels from 50 to 100 in WRF runs. The 3-km runs with 100 levels produced the deepest and most negatively buoyant cold pools compared to all other grid spacings since updrafts were more poorly resolved, resulting in a higher flux of rearward-advected frozen hydrometeors, whose melting processes were augmented by the finer vertical grid spacing, which better resolved the melting layer. However, the more predominant signal among all 11 cases was for more expansive cold pools in 1-km runs, where the stronger and more abundant updrafts focused along the MCS leading line supported a larger volume of concentrated rearward hydrometeor advection and resultant latent cooling at lower levels.
Expanding and Enhancing Streamflow Prediction Capability of the National Water Model Using Real-Time Low-Cost Stage Measurements
Authors: Seo Bong-Chul , Rojas Marcela , Quintero Felipe , Krajewski Witold F. , Kim Dong Ha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study demonstrates an approach to expand and improve the current prediction capability of the National Water Model (NWM). The primary objective is to examine the potential benefit of real-time local stage measurements in streamflow prediction, particularly for local communities that do not benefit from the improved streamflow forecasts due to the current data assimilation (DA) scheme. The proposed approach incorporates real-time local stage measurements into the NWM streamflow DA procedure by using synthetic rating curves (SRC) developed based on an established open-channel flow model. For streamflow DA and its evaluation, we used 6-yr (2016–21) data collected from 140 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stations, where quality-assured rating curves are consistently maintained (verification stations), and 310 stage-only stations operated by the Iowa Flood Center and the USGS in Iowa. The evaluation result from NWM’s current DA configuration based on the USGS verification stations indicated that DA improves streamflow prediction skills significantly downstream from the station locations. This improvement tends to increase as the drainage scale becomes larger. The result from the new DA configuration including all stage-only sensors showed an expanded domain of improved predictions, compared to those from the open-loop simulation. This reveals that the real-time low-cost stage sensors are beneficial for streamflow prediction, particularly at small basins, while their utility appears to be limited at large drainage areas because of the inherent limitations of lidar-based channel geometry used for the SRC development. The framework presented in this study can be readily applied to include numerous stage-only stream gauges nationwide in the NWM modeling and forecasting procedures.
Long-Term Hearing Stability at Different Frequencies after Lower Intact Bridge Tympanomastoidectomy and Possible Theoretical Basis
Authors: Wang Kaishi , Xing Lu , Jia Gaogan , Lin Hailiang , Ni Yusu 
Published: August 2022

Objective: We aimed to review the long-term hearing outcomes of intact bridge tympanomastoidectomy (IBM) to discuss hearing preservation and combine the theory of “modified miniature lung,” middle ear ventilation, and gas pressure balance theory to explore the possible reasons for long-term stable hearing. Study Design: We designed a collection of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) who underwent IBM and divided them into 2 groups to compare long-term and short-term hearing level. Setting: From April 2007 to July 2017, 102 patients received IBM for CSOM treatment in Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Methods: We divided the patients into 2 groups according to whether the follow-up period was longer than 6 months. We used the numerical value of the air-bone gap difference as an index to evaluate the degree of hearing recovery. Results: We found that 99/102 (97.1%) of the hearings were improved to more than 3 frequencies. There was no significant difference between long-term hearing level and short-term hearing level, which means IBM could get long-term hearing stability. Conclusion: Intact bridge tympanomastoidectomy could provide significant hearing recovery and long-term hearing stability.
Concealed incision for resection of classical preauricular fistula
Authors: Liu Chunmiao , Niu Chunsheng 
Published: August 2022

Objective To introduce a new method of preauricular fistula resection and discuss its clinical efficacy. Methods Clinical data of 40 patients with 40 classical preauricular fistulas in our hospital were collected. The patients comprised of 19 male and 21 female patients aged 3-60 years. The fistula and part of the related cartilage were completely removed by a concealed incision on the inner side of the auricular crus, and the opening of the fistula was retained. The postoperative efficacy was analyzed. Results The operation time ranged from 15 to 30 minutes (mean, 25 minutes), and the blood loss ranged from 4 to 8 mL (mean, 5 mL). After complete fistula resection, the wound was closed with interrupted sutures. Dressing changes started 2 days after surgery and performed once a day, and the wound sutures were removed 7 days after surgery. All patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months (mean, 8.7 months) after surgery. Except for one patient with mild wound pain after suture removal, no patients developed infection or recurrence. Conclusion Use of a concealed surgical incision for treatment of a classical preauricular fistula has good results. There is no obvious scar on the ear after surgery and the procedure does not affect the facial appearance. It not only completely removes the lesion but also meets the patient’s esthetic needs.
Management of acute diarrhea in the emergency department of a tertiary care university medical center
Authors: Jabak Suha J , Kawam Lamees , El Mokahal Ali , Sharara Ala I 
Published: August 2022

Objectives To examine the management of acute diarrhea in the emergency department (ED) of a large university medical center. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study over a 10-month period of adult patients (age ≥18 years) presenting to the ED with acute diarrhea. Results Data for 780 patients were reviewed; 101 met the exclusion criteria. Of the 679 patients with acute community-acquired diarrhea, 582 (85.7%) were discharged home and constituted the study cohort of mostly healthy adults (mean age: 32.5 ± 14.5 years). The rate of antibiotic prescription at discharge was 26%. Inappropriate use of antibiotics occurred in 28% of the patients. The presence of fever (odds ratio (OR) = 3.52), leukocytosis (OR = 1.72), and older age (OR = 1.16) were predictors of antibiotic prescription. Patients with dehydration, comorbidities, or bloody diarrhea were more likely to receive antibiotics. Microbiological studies and cross-sectional imaging were ordered in 12.4% and 11.7% of the patients, respectively, but provided very low yield (<10% for both) resulting in significantly higher visit charges. Inappropriately prescribed antibiotics at discharge resulted in higher charges in the ED compared with no antibiotic prescription. Conclusion Acute diarrhea management in our ED is suboptimal and does not adhere to practice guidelines, resulting in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, investigations, and cost.
The prevalence of comorbidity in the lung cancer screening population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Almatrafi Anas , Thomas Owen , Callister Matthew , Gabe Rhian , Beeken Rebecca J , Neal Richard 
Published: August 2022

Objective Comorbidity is associated with adverse outcomes for all lung cancer patients, but its burden is less understood in the context of screening. This review synthesises the prevalence of comorbidities among lung cancer screening (LCS) candidates and summarises the clinical recommendations for screening comorbid individuals. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL databases from January 1990 to February 2021. We included LCS studies that reported a prevalence of comorbidity, as a prevalence of a particular condition, or as a summary score. We also summarised LCS clinical guidelines that addressed comorbidity or frailty for LCS as a secondary objective for this review. Meta-analysis was used with inverse-variance weights obtained from a random-effects model to estimate the prevalence of selected comorbidities. Results We included 69 studies in the review; seven reported comorbidity summary scores, two reported performance status, 48 reported individual comorbidities, and 12 were clinical guideline papers. The meta-analysis of individual comorbidities resulted in an estimated prevalence of 35.2% for hypertension, 23.5% for history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (10.7% for severe COPD), 16.6% for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 13.1% for peripheral vascular disease (PVD), 12.9% for asthma, 12.5% for diabetes, 4.5% for bronchiectasis, 2.2% for stroke, and 0.5% for pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions Comorbidities were highly prevalent in LCS populations and likely to be more prevalent than in other cancer screening programmes. Further research on the burden of comorbid disease and its impact on screening uptake and outcomes is needed. Identifying individuals with frailty and comorbidities who might not benefit from screening should become a priority in LCS research.
Co-prescribing of Central Nervous System–Active Medications for COPD Patients: Impact on Emergency Room Visits and Hospitalization
Authors: Sood Akhil , Kuo Yong-Fang , Westra Jordan , Sharma Gulshan , Raji Mukaila A. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Anxiety and chronic pain are common comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which are frequently managed with benzodiazepines (BZDs) and opioids, respectively. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether different combinations of opioids, BZD, and their substitutes—gabapentinoids (GABA) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs/SNRIs)—are associated with lower risk of acute respiratory events in COPD patients with co-occurring chronic pain and anxiety. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries with COPD, chronic pain, and anxiety. Patients were grouped based on drug combination (opioid + BZD/Z-hypnotics, opioid + GABA, opioid + SSRI/SNRI, BZD/Z-hypnotics + GABA, BZD/Z-hypnotics + SSRI/SNRI, GABA + SSRI/SNRI, or ≥3 drugs). The primary outcome was emergency room (ER) visit or hospitalization due to acute respiratory events assessed up to 180 days following initiation of drug combination. Overdose secondary to central nervous system (CNS)–related drugs was also assessed up to 180 days following initiation of drug combination. Results: The drug combination opioid + GABA was associated with decreased risk for ER visit (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.61-0.87) and hospitalization (HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.55-0.85). Opioid + SSRI/SNRI also showed decreased risk for ER visit (HR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.71-0.99). There was no significant difference in risk for CNS-related drug overdose among different drug combinations compared with opioid + BZD/Z-hypnotics. Conclusion and Relevance: Opioids in combination with GABA and SSRI/SNRI demonstrate relatively lower risk for acute respiratory events among patients with COPD and comorbid chronic pain and anxiety. The findings emphasize the need for multimodal management in this vulnerable population.
The Association Between High CHA2DS2-VASc Scores and Short and Long-Term Mortality for Coronary Care Unit Patients
Authors: Cheng Long , Kang Sheng , Lin Li , Wang Hairong 
Published: August 2022

Background The CHA2DS2-VASc score has been associated with the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between the CHA2DS2-VASc score and all-cause mortality in coronary care unit (CCU) patients. Methods The study was based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database. CCU patients were divided into two groups according to CHA2DS2-VASc score: 0-3 (low risk)，4-9 (intermediate and high risk). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and the secondary endpoints included in-hospital, 1-year, and 5-year mortality. Propensity score matching (PSM) and sensitivity analyzes for the confounders were also performed. The restricted cubic splines flexibility model was used to demonstrate the relation between red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), platelet, white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin, phosphorus, glucose, potassium, sodium and 30-day mortality in the 0-3 score versus the 4-9 score groups after PSM. Results Among 4491 eligible patients, 988 patients with low CHA2DS2-VASc scores and 988 patients with intermediate and high CHA2DS2-VASc scores had similar propensity scores and were included in the analyzes. In the survival analysis, the patients with intermediate and high CHA2DS2-VASc scores were associated with higher 30-day mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.20, P = .014], 1-year mortality [HR: 1.13; 95%CI, 1.06–1.19, P < .001], and 5-year mortality [HR: 1.13; 95%CI, 1.07–1.18, P < .001]. The interaction for 30-day mortality among subgroups was not significant between the 0-3 score versus the 4-9 score groups. The restricted cubic splines for 30-day mortality demonstrated an L-shaped trajectory for platelets and hemoglobin, a J-shaped trajectory for WBC, glucose and potassium, and a U-shaped trajectory for sodium, respectively (all nonlinear P <.001). Conclusions A high CHA2DS2-VASc score was an independent risk for 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality for CCU patients.
Removing a fishing hook from inside the nasal alar: The push through and cut off method
Authors: Mirzadeh Seyed Mojtaba 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Fishing can be problematic for the novice fisherman when the fishing hook sinks into the fisherman’s body. The hook can often not be removed easily because of its specific structure. Case report A 12-year-old boy had a fishing hook sunk into his nose after it was thrown towards his face; it inserted into the septum and right lower lateral cartilage of the nose due to inexperience in handling it by the victim. Discussion The hook was extracted through the ‘push through and cut off’ method with no damage caused to the lower lateral cartilage, septum and the nasal skin. Deep insertion of the hook in the sensitive areas such cartilage of the nose can cause an irreversible complication if erroneously manipulated. Conclusion This is the first report of technique of removed fishing hook with extra teeth from the nasal cartilage. Surgeon knowledge about the hook type and techniques of hook removal can help successful removal from the body without irreversible complication.
Extraintestinal manifestations in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: August 2022

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Further, IBS patients experience a high degree of extraintestinal symptoms. Objectives: The aim of this review was to describe the relation between IBS and extraintestinal manifestations and mechanisms and treatments of these extraintestinal manifestations. Design: The study was performed as a systematic review. Data Sources and Methods: Search terms including extraintestinal manifestations or somatization and IBS were used to scrutinize for publications in Pubmed. In total, 630 publications were identified and 80 were finally included in this review. Results: About 50% of all IBS patients have extraintestinal manifestations in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. Somatic pain, fatigue, and sleeping disturbances are most common, and most often described in women. Both extraintestinal manifestations and psychological distress are associated with exaggerated gastrointestinal symptoms, impaired quality of life, and difficulties to treat IBS symptoms. The extraintestinal manifestations render an excess of healthcare costs. Varying etiology and pathophysiology to IBS are discussed, and many patients express a general hypersensitivity. Extraintestinal symptoms are seldom documented at clinical healthcare or included in the assessment of treatment outcomes. A good patient-physician relationship and strengthening of coping mechanisms have rendered less gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological distress, and somatization. Altered lifestyle habits may improve both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. Pharmacological treatment, including antidepressant drugs, should be considered when lifestyle advice fails. Teamwork between different specialists and healthcare providers may be of importance in the wide range of symptoms and extraintestinal manifestations. Conclusion: Extraintestinal manifestations are common in IBS patients and is associated with worse suffering and difficulties to treat symptoms. Evaluation and treatment of IBS patients should consider also extraintestinal manifestations and their treatment outcome. Establishment of good relationship, strengthening of coping mechanisms, and education in healthier lifestyle habits are crucial in the management of these patients.
Calculating ex-ante Utilities From the Neck Disability Index Score: Quantifying the Value of Care For Cervical Spine Pathology
Authors: Jiang Eric X. , Castle Joshua P. , Fisk Felicity E. , Taliaferro Kevin , Pahuta Markian A. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design General population utility valuation study. Objective To develop a technique for calculating utilities from the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score. Methods We recruited a sample of 1200 adults from a market research panel. Using an online discrete choice experiment (DCE), participants rated 10 choice sets based on NDI health states. A multi-attribute utility function was estimated using a mixed multinomial-logit regression model (MIXL). The sample was partitioned into a training set used for model fitting and validation set used for model evaluation. Results The regression model demonstrated good predictive performance on the validation set with an AUC of .77 (95% CI: .76-.78). The regression model was used to develop a utility scoring rubric for the NDI. Regression results also revealed that participants did not regard all NDI items as equally important. The rank order of importance was (in decreasing order): pain intensity = work; personal care = headache; concentration = sleeping; driving; recreation; lifting; and lastly reading. Conclusions This study provides a simple technique for converting the NDI score to utilities and quantify the relative importance of individual NDI items. The ability to evaluate quality-adjusted life-years using these utilities for cervical spine pain and disability could facilitate economic analysis and aid in allocation of healthcare resources.