bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious residue: The impact of childhood religious socialization on the religiosity of nones in France, Germany, Great Britain, and Sweden
Authors: Beider Nadia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the distinguishing features of religious life in Western Europe in recent decades has been the sharp increase in the proportion of people who identify as unaffiliated with any religious tradition (religious nones). Non‐affiliation entails a rejection of religious belonging, not the absence of all religious belief and practice; yet the determinants of religiosity among nones have not been fully explored. Drawing on data from the 1998–2018 ISSP surveys in four West European countries (France, Germany, Great Britain, and Sweden), I test the impact of childhood religious socialization on the religiosity of unaffiliated adults by comparing lifelong nones, who were never religiously affiliated, with disaffiliates, who were raised within a religious tradition and have since exited organized religious life. Disaffiliates are consistently more religious than lifelong nones due to religious residue from childhood, with greater residue found among those who were more religiously committed as children. Religious decline among the unaffiliated over time, combined with the increasing proportion of lifelong nones and second‐generation lifelong nones who lack even an inherited, minimal religious residue, suggest that secularization will gather momentum.
Ecosystem structure drivers and simulation scenarios of a shallow Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Mathewos , Mengistou Seyoum , Fetahi Tadesse 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA trophic model was constructed for Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, using EwE suite aiming to analyse and evaluate food‐web structure, function and ecosystem properties. The input parameters were obtained from a survey of primary producers, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fish studies and published materials. Various levels of fishing effort were used to simulate and produce different scenarios. The biomass flow of the ecosystem was restricted between trophic levels I and II contributing 99.76%. The mean transfer efficiency was only 4.4%. The fishery catches consumed 2.5% of the primary production, and most of the production remains within the system unutilised (ecotrophic efficiency = 0.47). Fish groups were highly constrained by a combination of fishing and predation mortality as supported by high EE. Ecosim scenario analysis indicated that decreasing fishing effort of beach seine by half would increase the biomass of carp to six times in 10‐year period, which might have increased turbidity and competition with tilapia. Furthermore, a high abundance of African catfish may escalate predation mortality on tilapia. Thus, contrary to what the managerial body expects, tilapia may not benefit from beach seine restriction alone. The models have captured the increasing fishing yield of carp, which was not the case when the model was created.
Association of longitudinal high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein levels with changing membrane characteristics in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Korucu Berfu , Deger Serpil Muge , Yeter Hasan , Akcay Omer Faruk , Cimen Yagiz , Dogan Burak , Kiraci Mehmet , Giritlioglu Ahmet , Kanber Seher , Erdemir Meltem Busra , Cicekli Seda , Guz Galip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing peritoneal permeability with ultrafiltration and solute removal inadequacy is a challenging issue in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Decreasing permeability is less frequent but also results in diminished solute clearance. We evaluated the association between longitudinal high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) values and the change in transport characteristics of the peritoneal membrane in PD patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single‐center study of incident PD patients. An increase or decrease in peritoneal transport status is defined as two or more categories of a rise or decline in the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) from their baseline during follow‐up. The 4‐h dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio was used to classify transport characteristics. Hs‐CRP values were obtained from the routine annual examinations of the patients.ResultsBaseline demographics, residual kidney function, frequency of high glucose‐containing dialysate, and icodextrin use were similar between the groups. Total episodes of peritonitis within the first 5 years of follow‐up were higher in stable transporters than in increased and decreased transporters (p = 0.009). Stable transporters' mean hs‐CRP values did not change within 5 years (Wilks' λ = 0.873, F (2.317, 180.740) = 2.210, p = 0.10). Increased and decreased transporters' hs‐CRP values significantly raised over the years (Wilks' λ = 0.422, F (1.979, 77.163) = 3.405, p = 0.04 and Wilks' λ = 0.558, F (3.673, 66.107) = 4.396, p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOur study shows that the peritoneal membrane may change into different characteristics in many patients over time, despite very low peritonitis frequencies and similar baseline characteristics that may be significantly affected by systemic inflammation.
The association between OCD and Shame: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Laving Michelle , Foroni Francesco , Ferrari Madeleine , Turner Cynthia , Yap Keong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to rumination and self‐criticism over unwanted obsessions and repetitive rituals, shame is a common emotion experienced by individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Shame is also theorized to have relevance to unacceptable thoughts in OCD. However, empirical research looking at the relationship between OCD and shame is still emerging and findings have been mixed.ObjectivesOur review systematically examines the association of shame with OCD and unacceptable thoughts.MethodsThe last updated search was conducted across five databases between 27 and 29 February 2022. The final selection included 20 papers, 18 of which were used in the primary meta‐analysis to calculate pooled effect sizes between OCD and shame measures using a random effects model. In a separate analysis, three papers were used to calculate pooled effect sizes between shame and OCD symptom dimensions also using a random effects model.ResultsThe meta‐analyses identified a significant, moderate and positive correlation between total OCD and shame scores r = .352, 95% CI [0.260, 0.438]. In addition, significant, weak and positive relationships were found between shame and three OCD symptom dimensions: unacceptable thoughts r = .252, 95% CI [−0.467, 0.9708], harm obsessions r = .224, CI [−0.190, 0.638] and symmetry concerns r = .200, CI [−0.108, 0.509].LimitationsShame measures in the reviewed studies were not specific to OCD, and between‐study variance in the analyses examining unacceptable thoughts was significant.ConclusionsOur findings support a medium positive relationship between shame and OCD. As shame in OCD can be a barrier to seeking treatment and impair quality of life, it is imperative to address this emotion through psychoeducation, assessment and treatment.
Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass‐like structures: Multimodal imaging—A review
Authors: Heath Jeffery Rachael C. , Chen Fred K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass‐like structures (PHOMS) are a laterally bulging herniation of distended axons into the peripapillary region above the level of Bruch's membrane opening. Increased use of enhanced depth imaging‐optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT) in our evaluation of the optic nerve head (ONH) and greater recognition of the vast range of optic nerve pathologies with which PHOMS is associated provides convincing evidence that PHOMS is not just buried optic disc drusen (ODD) as previously described. The frequent coexistence of PHOMS with ODD, papilloedema, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, tilted optic disc syndrome, inflammatory demyelinating disorders and other diseases associated with axoplasmic stasis provides insight into its underlying pathophysiology. The present review will discuss the role of key imaging modalities in the differential diagnosis of PHOMS, explore the current literature on the relationship between PHOMS and common neuro‐ophthalmic conditions, and highlight the gaps in our knowledge, with respect to disease classification and prognosis, to pave the way for future directions of research.
Stakeholder‐derived recommendations and actions to support deep‐reef conservation in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Stefanoudis Paris V. , Talma Sheena , Fassbender Nico , Swanborn Denise , Ochieng Christine Nyangweso , Mearns Kevin , Komakoma John D. , Otwoma Levy M. , Mbije Nsajigwa Emmanuel , Osuka Kennedy E. , Samoilys Melita , Shah Nirmal , Samaai Toufiek , Trotzuk Evan , Tuda Arthur , Zivane Francisco , Wagner Daniel , Woodall Lucy C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep reefs below 30 m provide essential ecosystem services for ocean health and human well‐being such as food security and climate change resilience. Yet, deep reefs remain poorly researched and largely unprotected, including in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Here, we assessed current conservation approaches in the WIO focusing on deep reefs, using a combination of online surveys and semi‐structured interviews. Results indicated that deep‐reef data are sparse and commonly stemming from non‐peer‐reviewed or non‐publicly available sources, and are often not used to inform conservation of WIO marine protected areas. Based on those findings, we co‐developed a framework with WIO stakeholders comprising recommendations linked to specific actions to be undertaken by regional actors to improve the capacity of the region to collect and share deep‐reef information. We hope this framework will enhance deep‐reef stewardship and management throughout the WIO and thus aid sustainable blue economic growth in the region.
Torquetenovirus viral load is associated with anti‐spike antibody response in SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccinated kidney transplant patients
Authors: Querido Sara , Adragão Teresa , Pinto Iola , Ormonde Carolina , Papoila Ana Luísa , Pessanha Maria Ana , Gomes Perpétua , Ferreira Sílvia , Figueira João Mário , Cardoso Conceição , Viana João Faro , Weigert André 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionKidney transplant patients (KT) are at high risk for severe COVID‐19 and presented attenuated antibody responses to vaccination when compared to immunocompetent individuals. Torquetenovirus (TTV) has recently gained attention as a potential surrogate marker of the net state of immunosuppression. We evaluated the association between pre‐vaccination TTV viral load and anti‐spike total antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in KT.Material and MethodsThe 114 adult KT recipients enrolled in this prospective single‐center cohort study received two doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. Serum samples were collected immediately before vaccination at the days when patients received both the first (T0) and the second dose (T1) and 16–45 days after the second dose (T2). Primary endpoint was the development of anti‐spike total antibodies after vaccination. Demographic, clinical, and laboratorial parameters were compared between patients with and without detectable SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies at T2.ResultsNinety‐nine patients (86.8%) were naïve for SARS‐CoV‐2 before vaccination. Fifty‐six (56.6%) patients developed anti‐spike total antibodies at T2. The use of mTOR inhibitors was associated with a favorable response (p = .005); conversely, mycophenolic acid (MPA) was associated with a negative response (p = .006). In a multivariable model, the presence of TTV at T0 ≥ 3.36 log10 cp/ml was associated with unfavorable vaccine response (OR: 5.40; 95% CI: 1.47–19.80; p = .011), after adjusting for age and eGFR at T0.ConclusionsHigher TTV viral loads before vaccination are associated with reduced anti‐spike total antibody response in SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccinated KT patients. The association between TTV viral load and vaccine response may be an added‐value in the optimization of vaccination regimens in KT.
Using single‐cell multi‐omics screening of human fetal pancreas to identify novel players in human beta cell development
Authors: Olaniru Oladapo E. , Hook Philippa , Persaud Shanta J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIslet transplantation from organ donors can considerably improve glucose homeostasis and well‐being in individuals with type 1 diabetes, where the beta cells are destroyed by the autoimmune attack, but there are insufficient donor islets to make this a widespread therapy. Strategies are therefore being developed to generate unlimited amounts of insulin‐producing beta cells from pluripotent stem cells, with the aim that they will be transplanted to treat diabetes. Whilst much progress has been made in recent years in the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to beta‐like cells, essential gaps still exist in generating stem cell‐derived beta cells that are fully functional in vitro. This short review provides details of recent multi‐‘omics’ studies of the human fetal pancreas, which are revealing granular information on the various cell types in the developing pancreas. It is anticipated that this fine mapping of the pancreatic cells at single‐cell resolution will provide additional insights that can be utilised to reproducibly produce human beta cells in vitro that have the functional characteristics of beta cells within native human islets.
TRPA1 promotes UVB‐induced skin pigmentation by regulating melanosome luminal pH
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Yupeng , Liu Ying , Guo Handan , Li Zhou , Zou Wei , Liu Jing , Song Zhiqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMelanocytes stimulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) produce melanin and melanosomes, which causes skin pigmentation and acts as an important physiological defence process for photoprotection. Neutral luminal pH of melanosomes is critical for providing optimal conditions for the rate‐limiting, pH‐sensitive melanin synthesizing enzyme tyrosinase (TYR). As a major component of extraocular phototransduction pathway, transient receptor potential ankyrin1 (TRPA1) can be activated by ultraviolet B (UVB) and reported to be expressed in melanocytes. However, whether TRPA1 is involved in the regulation of melanogenesis remains unclear. Melanogenic activity of TRPA1 was evaluated in primary normal human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs) and murine B16‐F10 cell cultures, and the effects of topical applications of TRPA1 specific agonist and antagonist on UVB‐induced skin pigmentation were confirmed on in vivo guinea pig models. Calcium (Ca2+) imaging and pH imaging were performed to analyse the effects of TRPA1 on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ic) and melanosome luminal pH. TRPA1 regulated melanin synthesis, UVB‐induced Ca2+ influx and melanosome luminal pH in HEMs and B16‐F10 cells. Topical treatment of TRPA1 specific agonist JT010 increased UVB‐induced skin pigmentation in guinea pigs, while topical using of TRPA1 selective antagonist HC‐030031 mitigated such pigmentation. Our results indicated that TRPA1 activated by UVB enhanced the skin pigmentation, most likely by regulating the [Ca2+]ic and the melanosomal pH, consequently influencing the enzymatic activity of TYR. Therefore, the results suggest TRPA1 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of skin pigmented disorders that are at high risk under UVB irradiation.
Development and psychometric properties of the Chinese Invalidating Family Scale
Authors: Io Lam , Wang Qian , Wong On L. , Li Zirong , Zhong Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to develop the Chinese Invalidating Family Scale (CIFS) and examine its psychometric properties. The CIFS comprises two parts that measure the degree (Part 1) and types (Part 2) of family invalidation. Study 1 explored the structure and reliability of the CIFS using data from Sample 1 (N = 1323; Mage = 26.3) and Sample 2 (N = 152; Mage = 25.1). Part 1 of the CIFS is separated into father (20 items) and mother (27 items) subscales. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors for the father subscale and five factors for the mother subscale. The shared factors are neglect, denial, emotional dysregulation, and overemphasis on achievements, while psychological control is the unique dimension for Mother subscale. Part 2 includes five items assessing the types of family environment. Results indicated acceptable to good reliability of the CIFS, with Cronbach's α higher than 0.60, split‐half reliability higher than 0.70, ICCs higher than 0.70, and high criterion‐related validity. Study 2 examined the structure and the validity of Part 1 with Sample 3 (N = 2282; Mage = 19.90) through confirmatory factor analysis. Part 1 showed good construct validity (RMSEAs = 0.05, GFI, NFI, CFI, and AGFI >0.90) and acceptable convergent validity (AVE >0.36, CR >0.76). Overall, the CIFS is a promisingly stable and valid tool to evaluate the invalidating family environment in Chinese culture.
Effects of self‐efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases: Focusing on dental hygiene students in South Korea
Authors: Son Eun Gyo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the impact of self‐efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases, focusing on dental hygiene students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA survey was conducted through a questionnaire distributed to 300 dental hygiene students at the Department of Dental Hygiene, Gangneung Yeongdong College in South Korea. In total, 251 students completed the survey (response rate: 83.6%). The survey data were analysed via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, path analysis and structural equation modelling.ResultsThe analysis showed that self‐efficacy positively affected students' intentions to take preventive actions against infectious diseases.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that self‐efficacy positively affected dental hygiene students' intentions for preventive actions against infections. Furthermore, it suggested that self‐efficacy should be classified into psychological (confidence and judgement) and behavioural (drive and task challenge) categories, and a systematic survey to formalize the concept of self‐efficacy should be developed. The results of this study should enable a better understanding of the impact of self‐efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of Saudi dental hygiene students towards novel corona virus disease (COVID‐19): A nation‐wide study
Authors: Mulla Mushir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare workers involved in procedures that generate aerosol or handling patient specimens are associated with a high possibility of COVID‐19 infection. Thus, it is very important for the health workers to understand the knowledge related to transmission, prevention and protocols of COVID‐19.MethodsCross‐sectional questionnaire study was conducted on dental hygiene students in Saudi Arabia. An online version of pre‐tested and validated questionnaire was used to test the KAP for COVID 19.ResultsThe mean score for knowledge‐related questions was found to be 2.91 ± 1.59, attitude‐related questions to be 2.84 ± 1.41 and for practice‐related questions to be 4.20 ± 1.36. After converting the scores into percentages, any score <60% was categorized as poor score, 60%–80% as average score and >80% as good score. Students showed poor knowledge and attitude towards COVID‐19. But the practice of dental hygiene students towards COVID‐19 was found to be good with the score of 83.4%.ConclusionThe outcome of this cross‐sectional study shows that most of dental hygiene students studying in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are following good practices towards COVID‐19 inspite of having poor knowledge and attitude.
Evaluation of knowledge about and attitudes towards toothbrush disinfection, personal plaque control, and periodontal diseases of patients presenting to dental clinics
Authors: Altindal Dicle , Sahin Aydinyurt Hacer , Korkmaz Yalcin Duygu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate patients' knowledge about toothbrush disinfection (TBD), plaque control, knowledge, and awareness of periodontal diseases (P‐knowledge and P‐awareness).MethodsThe study enrolled 121 participants (70 women and 51 men). Participants were asked to fill out a survey containing questions about demographic characteristics, toothbrushing habits, toothbrush storage conditions, toothpaste use, TBD, P‐knowledge, and P‐awareness. The periodontal clinical parameters (GI, PI, PPD, CAL, BOP, and GR) and DMFT index were recorded. The patients were informed about TBD, and 1 month later, the participants were contacted again and asked whether they disinfected their toothbrushes.ResultsThe participants (51.2%) do not have any knowledge about TBD. Most of those who reported disinfecting their toothbrushes think that washing toothbrushes with tap water is disinfection (23.1%). One month after the TBD training, only 36.3% of the participants reported that they disinfected, albeit not regularly, their toothbrushes with white vinegar. While there was no statistically significant relationship between genders in terms of visiting dentists, a significant relationship was found between genders in terms of toothbrushing frequency (p < 0.05). P‐awareness was found to be “medium” while P‐knowledge was at a “low” level. While there was no statistically significant difference between income levels in terms of P‐knowledge levels, a significant difference was found between genders and educational backgrounds in terms of P‐knowledge levels (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the study suggest that the participants do not have enough knowledge about toothbrush storage conditions, toothpaste sharing, and TBD. Collaborating with dental hygienists to raise awareness about oral health and TBD may have a positive impact.
Cross‐sectional evaluation of periodontal inflammation and oral hygiene status between fixed appliances and Invisalign in patients affected by craniofacial anomalies
Authors: Tortora Chiara , Poli Corinne , Suriano Alice , Panzeri Maria C. , Autelitano Luca , Meazzini Maria C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the difference in the oral health status and oral hygiene of orthodontic treatment with aligners (AL) and with fixed appliances (FA) in patients affected by craniofacial anomalies (CFA).Materials and MethodsThe sample consisted of 100 Caucasian patients affected by various CFA from two different hospitals. Fifty patients treated with AL were matched for sex, age and CFA with a control sample of 50 patients treated with FA. Patients' periodontal conditions were evaluated in both samples. O'Leary Plaque Control Record, bleeding on probing (BOP) and DMT/dmft Index were evaluated in both samples.ResultsThe FA group presented an O'Leary Plaque Control Record of 60% ± 30, while AL presented an O'Leary Plaque Control Record of 40% ± 29.7 (p‐value = 0.02), BOP was 22.1% ± 14 in FA and 12% ± 0.13 in AL (p‐value = 0.03). The DMFT/dmft was not statistically different (p‐value = 0.13).p‐value was set at <0.039.ConclusionThe study shows that the sample with FA presented a higher O'Leary Plaque Control Record and BOP compared to the AL sample. AL might, therefore, be an interesting alternative to FA in patients with CFA, who generally have a lower level of oral hygiene.