bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic assessments from experimental research trials of feedlot cattle health and performance: a scoping review
Authors: Dixon Andrea L , Hanthorn Christy J , Pendell Dustin L , Cernicchiaro Natalia , Renter David G 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimal husbandry decisions for feedlot cattle may be based on economic or financial impacts reported from livestock research trials comparing interventions such as health practices or performance technologies. Despite the importance of economic assessments to production management decisions, there are no consensus guidelines for their methods or reporting. Thus, we hypothesized that methods and reporting of economic assessments in the scientific literature are inconsistent. This scoping review describes the types of economic assessments used to evaluate the costs and benefits of interventions in feedlot trials, how measured health and performance outcomes are utilized in economic evaluations, and the completeness of reporting. A structured search was used to retrieve peer-reviewed articles (published in English) on experimental trials performed in Australia, North America, or South Africa, which reported feedlot cattle health, performance, or carcass characteristics and included an economic outcome. A total of 7,086 articles were screened for eligibility; 91 articles (comprising 113 trials) met the inclusion criteria. Trial characteristics, methods, and reporting data were extracted. A primary outcome was stated in only 36% (41/113) of the trials. Of these 41 trials, an economic outcome was reported as a primary outcome in 18 (44%). Methodology for the economic assessment was reported for 54 trials (48%), the type of economic assessment was explicitly stated for 21 trials (19%), and both the type of economic assessment and methodology used were reported for 29 trials (26%); neither were reported for nine trials (8%). Eight types of economic assessments were explicitly reported: cost-effectiveness, cost–benefit analysis, enterprise analysis, partial budget, break-even analysis, profitability, decision analysis, and economic advantage. From the trials that did not report an assessment type, three were identified: partial budget, enterprise analysis, and gross margin analysis. Overall, only 32 trials (28%) reported economics as an outcome of interest, the methodology used or the type of assessment, and values, sources, and dates for at least some of the price data used in the analysis. Given the variability in methods and inconsistent reporting for feedlot trials identified by this scoping review, a guideline to facilitate consistency on appropriate methods and reporting is warranted.
Inhibition of Rho‐associated protein kinase activity enhances oxidative phosphorylation to support corneal endothelial cell migration
Authors: Ho Wei‐Ting , Chang Jung‐Shen , Chen Tsan‐Chi , Wang Jia‐Kang , Chang Shu‐Wen , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Jou Tzuu‐Shuh , Wang I‐Jong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCorneal endothelial cell (CEC) dysfunction causes corneal edema and severe visual impairment that require transplantation to restore vision. To address the unmet need of organ shortage, descemetorhexis without endothelial keratoplasty has been specifically employed to treat early stage Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, which is pathophysiologically related to oxidative stress and exhibits centrally located corneal guttae. After stripping off central Descemet's membrane, rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor has been found to facilitate CEC migration, an energy‐demanding task, thereby achieving wound closure. However, the correlation between ROCK inhibition and the change in bioenergetic status of CECs remained to be elucidated. Through transcriptomic profiling, we found that the inhibition of ROCK activity by the selective inhibitor, ripasudil or Y27632, promoted enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene set in bovine CECs (BCECs). Functional analysis revealed that ripasudil, a clinically approved anti‐glaucoma agent, enhanced mitochondrial respiration, increased spare respiratory capacity, and induced overexpression of electron transport chain components through upregulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Accelerated BCEC migration and in vitro wound healing by ripasudil were diminished by OXPHOS and AMPK inhibition, but not by glycolysis inhibition. Correspondingly, lamellipodial protrusion and actin assembly that were augmented by ripasudil became reduced with additional OXPHOS or AMPK inhibition. These results indicate that ROCK inhibition induces metabolic reprogramming toward OXPHOS to support migration of CECs.
Random Forest Classification to Predict Response to High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Tinnitus Relief: A Preliminary Feasibility Study
Authors: Cardon Emilie , Jacquemin Laure , Schecklmann Martin , Langguth Berthold , Mertens Griet , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Lammers Marc , Van de Heyning Paul , Van Rompaey Vincent , Gilles Annick 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been hypothesized to reduce tinnitus severity by modifying cortical activity in brain regions associated with the perception of tinnitus. However, individual response to tDCS has proven to be variable. We investigated the feasibility of using random forest classification to predict the response to high-definition (HD) tDCS for tinnitus relief.

Design:
A retrospective analysis was performed on a dataset consisting of 99 patients with subjective tinnitus receiving six consecutive sessions of HD-tDCS at the Antwerp University Hospital. A baseline assessment consisted of pure-tone audiometry and a set of questionnaires including the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Random forest classification was applied to predict, based on baseline questionnaire scores and hearing levels, whether each individual responded positively to the treatment (defined as a decrease of at least 13 points on the TFI). Further testing of the model was performed on an independent cohort of 32 patients obtained from the tinnitus center at the University of Regensburg.

Results:
Twenty-four participants responded positively to the HD-tDCS treatment. The random forest classifier predicted treatment response with an accuracy of 85.71% (100% sensitivity, 81.48% specificity), significantly outperforming a more traditional logistic regression approach. Performance of the classifier on an independent cohort was slightly but not significantly above chance level (71.88% accuracy, 66.67% sensitivity, 73.08% specificity). Feature importance analyses revealed that baseline tinnitus severity, co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and handedness were the most important predictors of treatment response. Baseline TFI scores were significantly higher in responders than in nonresponders.

Conclusions:
The proposed random forest classifier predicted treatment response with a high accuracy, significantly outperforming a more traditional statistical approach. Machine learning methods to predict treatment response might ultimately be used in a clinical setting to guide targeted treatment recommendations for individual tinnitus patients.
Dapagliflozin Attenuates Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Huang Xu , Guo Xiaoxu , Yan Gaoliang , Zhang Yang , Yao Yuyu , Qiao Yong , Wang Dong , Chen Gecai , Zhang Weiwei , Tang Chengchun , Cao Feng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) causes clinically acquired nephropathy in patients who undergo coronary interventions. Hypoxic injury to proximal tubular epithelial cells is a pathological mechanism of CI-AKI. Previous studies have shown that hypoxia activates HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB to enhance renal fibrosis, and the SGLT-2 inhibitor luseogliflozin inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression to reduce the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors on CI-AKI are unclear. We explored the role of the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB pathway in CI-AKI and how dapagliflozin effectively treats CI-AKI by inhibiting this pathway. In vitro, cells were divided into the control, hypoxia, hypoxia + dapagliflozin, and hypoxia + pSilencer-HIF-1α groups. Cellular hypoxia, apoptosis, and related protein expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and flow cytometry, respectively. Dapagliflozin significantly decreased oxygen consumption, HIF-1α, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), NF-κB expression, and apoptotic cells compared with the control (P < 0.01). In vivo, rats were divided into the control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes + contrast media, and diabetes + contrast media + dapagliflozin groups. Rats in the latter 2 groups were treated with dapagliflozin for 2 days. CI-AKI was induced by intravenously injecting indomethacin, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and iohexol. The effects of dapagliflozin on CI-AKI rats were elucidated by assessing renal function, H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, TUNEL-positive tubular cells, HIF-1α, HE4, NF-κB expression, and histopathological scores were increased in diabetes + contrast media rats compared with C, D, and diabetes + dapagliflozin + contrast media rats (P < 0.01). Thus, dapagliflozin may ameliorate CI-AKI through suppression of HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo.
EXTREME MACULAR SCHISIS–SIMULATING RETINAL DETACHMENT IN EYES WITH PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA
Authors: Uramoto Kengo , Azuma Takeshi , Watanabe Takashi , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Igarashi-Yokoi Tae , Shimada Noriaki , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To determine the clinical and imaging characteristics, natural course, and surgical outcomes of pathologic myopic eyes with an extreme macular schisis simulating a retinal detachment (EMSSRD).

Methods:
The data of 617 highly myopic eyes with myopic traction maculopathy were studied. The diagnosis of EMSSRD in the optical coherence tomography images was made based on a high elevation of the retina (>500 µm), less obvious columnar structures, and the presence of thin remnants of outer retinal tissues above the retinal pigment epithelium.

Results:
Among 617 eyes, 25 eyes had an EMSSRD. All of the eyes with an EMSSRD had macular atrophy caused by myopic macular neovascularization. In the five eyes they had progressed to MHRD, the retinal detachment started away from the macular atrophy. Among the 10 eyes which required surgery, there was no significant difference in the presurgical and postsurgical best-corrected visual acuity between the eyes operated because of a worsening of the EMSSRD and the eyes operated because of a progression to MHRD.

Conclusion:
In severely myopic eyes with macular neovascularization–related macular atrophy, a novel condition termed EMSSRD can be present. The optical coherence tomography images resemble those of a MHRD except the presence of thin remnants of the retina remaining on the retinal pigment epithelium.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER DEXAMETHASONE INTRAVITREAL IMPLANT
Authors: Samuelson Annika G. , Nahar Ankur , Patel Samir N. , Mahmoudzadeh Raziyeh , Salabati Mirataollah , Yu-Chuan Kang Eugene , Hinkle John W. , Soares Rebecca R. , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Garg Sunir J. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To report a case series of endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal dexamethasone injections in a single practice and to discuss the clinical findings and visual outcomes of each case.

Methods:
All endophthalmitis cases following intravitreal dexamethasone injections performed from January 1, 2014 to October 20, 2020 were identified using Wills Eye/MidAtlantic billing records. The diagnosis, clinical information, and microbiology were confirmed for each case. Data were analyzed using Excel (Microsoft Excel, Redmond, WA).

Results:
Four cases of endophthalmitis were identified from 3,925 intravitreal dexamethasone injections in a single practice and one case was referred from an outside institution, resulting in an incidence of 0.102% (1 in 981 injections). Mean age was 82.3 years (range, 63–88 years) with a mean of 11.3 intravitreal dexamethasone injections performed (range, 2–30 injections) before endophthalmitis. Cases presented with endophthalmitis a mean (SD) of 3.6 (1.64) days after causative injection. Three cases grew gram-positive organisms. All patients responded to intravitreal antibiotics. Mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity at causative injection, endophthalmitis presentation, 3 months, and last follow-up was 0.44 (20/55), 2.22 (20/3,319), 1.18 (20/303), and 1.46 (20/577), respectively.

Conclusion:
Endophthalmitis following intravitreal steroid injections may occur more frequently than other intravitreal injections. Dexamethasone-attributed endophthalmitis remains uncommon, and prompt intravitreal antibiotic treatment seems to be effective in this series.
High-Dose Vancomycin in the Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Bader Mazen S. , Mertz Dominik , Hawboldt John , Farrell Alison , Alajmi Abdulaziz , Maleki-Yazdi Keon 
Published: June 2022

Background
There is significant variability in guideline recommendations regarding the dosing of vancomycin in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of high-dose vancomycin compared with other current standard of care and other CDI treatment regimens.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for publications that studied the comparative effectiveness of high-dose vancomycin to other CDI treatment regimens for the period up to July 2020.

Results
A total of 14 studies, 6 randomized controlled trials (372 participants) and 8 observational controlled studies (952 participants), with a total of 1324 patients were included in the final analysis. There was no statistically significant effect between high-dose vancomycin and other treatment options of CDI on clinical cure/response (odd ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 1.43; I
2 = 59%), clinical relapse and recurrence (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.72–1.42; I
2 = 61%), and mortality (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.37–2.84; I
2 = 44%).

Conclusions
High-dose oral vancomycin was not superior to other treatment regimens for the outcomes of clinical response and cure, recurrence, and mortality of CDI.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Presenting as Retropharyngeal Phlegmon
Authors: Sy Hendrik , Humphreys Sarah , Shapiro Janet M. , Stavropoulos Christine F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults presents with extrapulmonary organ dysfunction in patients with a recent COVID-19 infection. A 22-year-old man with a history of ataxia with vitamin E deficiency and recent asymptomatic COVID-19 infection presented with retropharyngeal edema treated as phlegmon. He developed cardiac dysfunction and required vasopressor support with evidence of high inflammatory markers. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults was diagnosed, and he rapidly improved with intravenous (IV) corticosteroids. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults can rarely present with retropharyngeal phlegmon. We identified 2 reported cases in adults and 5 in children with an age range of 4 to 51 years. COVID-19 infection was established in all cases but was often previously unknown. All patients recovered with IV corticosteroids with or without IV immunoglobulin. In conclusion, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults can present with retropharyngeal edema, and previous COVID-19 infection may not be apparent.
Cochlear implant mapping strategy to solve difficulty in speech recognition
Authors: Chang Chan-Jung , Sun Chuan-Hung , Hsu Chuan-Jen , Chiu Ting , Yu Szu-Hui , Wu Hung-Pin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Cochlear implants (CIs) are viable treatment options in patients with severe to profound hearing loss. Speech recognition difficulties were reported in some CI recipients even with a good-aided hearing threshold. The aim of this study was to report a mapping strategy based on different target-aided hearing thresholds to achieve optimal speech recognition and maximize functional outcomes. The safety and efficacy of the mapping strategy were also inspected in the article.

Methods:
This prospective repeated measures study enrolled 20 adult CI recipients with postlingual deafness using the MED-EL CI system. Word and sentence discrimination assessment and administration of a questionnaire pertaining to comfort level were conducted at the end of each session. The electrophysiological features of the CI mapping were recorded.

Results:
The correlation between audiometry results and word and sentence recognition was not high. CIs performed best at an audiometry threshold between 25 and 35 dB.

Conclusion:
CI performance with the best perception relies on a balance between minimizing the hearing threshold and maximizing the dynamic range while maintaining an appropriate comfort level, which was achieved when the target hearing threshold was set at 25–35 dB in this study.
Potentiality of impulse oscillometry to evaluate bronchodilator reversibility in untreated adult patients with newly diagnosed asthma
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Han , Lin Yu-Jung , Jeng Tien-Hsin , Su Kang-Cheng , Ko Hsin-Kuo , Yang Sheau-Ning , Perng Diahn-Warng , Kou Yu Ru 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Identifying positive bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) helps the diagnosis of asthma. However, not all patients can adequately perform the forced expiration during the spirometry test. An alternative test is required. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an effort-independent technique that enables the measurement of lung mechanics during quiet tidal breathing. We investigated the potentiality of IOS to evaluate BDR in untreated adult patients with newly diagnosed asthma (UAPNDS).

Methods:
All UAPNDS (aged 20–80 years) who never smoke and underwent IOS and spirometry before and after salbutamol inhalation at their initial visit to the hospital from March 22, 2017, to December 31, 2019, were identified. A total of 323 patients were enrolled. Data from the medical record, including demographic characteristics, laboratory examination, spirometric data, and IOS parameters, were retrospectively reviewed. The associations of parameters with the positive BDR and the performance of parameters in predicting the positive BDR were evaluated by statistical methods.

Results:
Patients (n = 323) had a median age of 64 years and were mostly female (67.5%). Several variables, including serum total immunoglobulin level, blood eosinophil counts, blood eosinophil percentage (%), and two IOS parameters, were found to be different between the positive (n = 93) and negative BDR (n = 230) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses after adjustment by cofactors revealed that the percentage change of the area under the reactance curve between 5 Hz and resonant frequency [ΔAx (%)] after salbutamol inhalation was the only independent factor for the positive BDR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ΔAx (%) in predicting the positive BDR was 0.614 (p = 0.0013), and its optimal cutoff value was −53.8% (sensitivity, 39.78% and specificity, 80.43%).

Conclusion:
In addition to spirometry, ΔAx (%), an IOS parameter, may serve as a novel indicator to evaluate BDR in UAPNDS.
The effective distance and cooling rate of liquid nitrogen-based adjunctive cryotherapy for bone tumors ex vivo
Authors: Chang Yu-Chuan , Chao Kuang-Yu , Chen Chao-Ming , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Liquid nitrogen (LN) has been used as an adjuvant cryotherapy for bone tumors including giant-cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) to remove residual tumor cells after curettage. This study evaluated variables related to the efficacy of LN-based cryoablation in the context of adjuvant treatment of GCTB using porcine femur bone model.

Methods:
A porcine femur bone model was adopted to simulate intralesional cryotherapy. A LN-holding cavity (point 1, nadir) in the medial epicondyle, 4 holes (points 2–5) in the shaft situated 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm away from the proximal edge of the cavity, and 2 more holes (points 6 and 7) in the condyle cartilage (10 and 20 mm away from the distal edge of the cavity) were made. The cooling rate was compared between the 5 points. The cellular morphological changes and DNA damage in the GCTB tissue attributable to LN-based cryotherapy were determined by H&E stain and TUNEL assay. Cartilage tissue at points 6 and 7 was examined for the extent of tissue injury after cryotherapy.

Results:
The temperature kinetics at points 1, 2 reached the reference target and were found to be significantly better than the reference (both p < 0.05). The target temperature kinetics were not achieved at points 4 and 5, which showed a significantly lower cooling rate than the reference (both p < 0.001) without reaching the –60°C target. Compared with untreated samples, significantly higher proportion of shrunken or apoptotic cells were found at points 1–3; very small proportion were observed at points 4, 5. Significantly increased chondrocyte degeneration was observed at point 6, and was absent at point 7.

Conclusion:
The cryotherapy effective range was within 5 mm from nadir. Complications were restricted to within this distance. The cooling rate was unchanged after three repeated cycles of cryotherapy.
Effects of polyallylamine-coated nanoparticles on the optical and photochemical properties of rose bengal
Authors: Lin Kai-Ying , Tsay Yeou-Guang , Chang C. Allen 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Inasmuch as optical and photochemical properties of a photosensitizer can be modified upon association with the nanoparticle (NP), we wondered whether the effectiveness of phototherapeutic rose bengal (RB) was affected upon tethering to the sodium lanthanide fluoride NP with an outer polyallylamine (PAH) coat.

Methods:
RB molecules were electrostatically bound to the NaYF4:Gd3+:Nd3+ NPs with inner silica and outer PAH coats. The products were analyzed for their size, shape and zeta potential using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering instrument. UV-Vis absorption spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry were used to examine the spectral properties. Photodynamic effect in terms of singlet oxygen generation was quantitatively determined using the indicator 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). Photocytotoxicity mediated by NP-bound RB was tested using A549 cells. (Student’s t test was used for statistical evaluation.)

Results:
NP-bound RB had the major absorbance peak at 561 nm, in comparison with 549 nm for free RB, accompanied with a significant decrease in absorptivity. The molar extinction coefficient becomes 36,000 M−1 cm−1, only ~35% of that for free RB. Fluorescence spectral analyses showed a paradoxical decrease in the emission with higher NP concentrations even at very low dilutions. Most importantly, the association of RB with these NPs drastically increased its singlet oxygen production upon irradiation. The interaction of RB with PAH coat could partly account for this enhancement, given our finding that PAH in solution also caused a drastic rise in DPBF reactivity by free RB. These NPs exhibited strong photocytotoxic effects, and their promise in photodynamic therapy was addressed.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide evidence that the PAH coat plays a key role in enhanced biological activities of RB delivered via nanoparticles, including the increase in singlet oxygen production and photocytotoxic effects.