bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wound Healing After Fractional Skin Harvesting
Authors: Champlain Amanda H. , DiGiorgio Catherine M. , Zurakowski David , Sakamoto Fernanda H. , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Autologous fractional full-thickness skin grafting is a method of harvesting full-thickness skin with reduced donor site morbidity compared with conventional skin grafting.

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate that full-thickness skin microbiopsies can be harvested with minimal scarring or complications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a nonrandomized, self-controlled, pilot trial, subjects (n = 8) underwent tissue harvesting of full-thickness skin columns of 200, 400, 500, 600, 800 μm, 1, and 2 mm diameters. The extent of scarring was measured by using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and blinded evaluation of photographs at 6 weeks postprocedure. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) and side effects were recorded.

RESULTS
When present, scars were first observed after 2 to 4 weeks, much more often for wounds >400 μm (p < .001). Blinded dermatologists increasingly identified clinical scarring on photographs with larger harvested microcolumn diameters (p < .001). Median VAS pain score was 0 (range 0–4). All subjects rated the procedure safe and tolerable.

CONCLUSION
Harvesting full-thickness skin microcolumns is well-tolerated over a wide range of column diameters. At diameters of less than 500 μm, side effects including scarring are minimal.
The Efficacy and Safety of a 755-nm Picosecond Laser in the Treatment of Physiologic Lip Hyperpigmentation in Thai Patients
Authors: Ng Janice Natasha C. , Manuskiatti Woraphong , Apinuntham Chalermkwan , Yan Chadakan 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Physiologic lip hyperpigmentation is a common aesthetic concern, especially in Southeast Asia. There is limited data on the application of the picosecond laser for this condition.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a 755-nm picosecond laser in the treatment of physiologic lip hyperpigmentation.

METHODS
Twenty healthy patients with physiologic lip hyperpigmentation received 5 bi-weekly treatments with a 755-nm picosecond laser using a 6-mm spot size, fluence of 0.71 J/cm2 at 5 Hz. Subjective and objective evaluation on the improvement of lip hyperpigmentation were obtained at baseline, 2 weeks after each treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the final treatment. Patient self-assessment, pain score, and adverse reactions were also recorded.

RESULTS
All patients completed the study and attended all follow-ups. Most (52.6%) patients presented with moderate clinical improvement at 6-month follow-up. The average melanin index decreased significantly after the fourth treatment (p = .048) and at 1-month follow-up (p = .026). More than half the patients (70%) reported moderate-to-marked improvement at 6-month follow-up. Only 1 patient presented with a transient adverse reaction of lip edema.

CONCLUSION
The 755-nm picosecond laser is safe and effective for the treatment of physiologic lip hyperpigmentation in Thai patients.
Antiamoebic Susceptibility in Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Comparison of Isolates From South India and Northern California
Authors: Richardson Quintin R. , Prajna Lalitha , Elakkiya Shanmugam , Kamal Fathima Sulthana , Talbott Maya , Prajna Namperumalsamy Venkatesh , Rajaraman Revathi , Cevallos Vicky , Seitzman Gerami D. , Lietman Thomas M. , Keenan Jeremy D. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Outcomes of Acanthamoeba keratitis are often worse in India than in the United States. The goal of this study was to determine whether antiamoebic susceptibility patterns were different when comparing Acanthamoeba isolates from India with those of the United States.

Methods:

Acanthamoeba isolates were obtained from corneal scrapings of 43 patients with infectious keratitis seen at the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (N = 23) and Aravind Eye Hospital (N = 20) from 2008 through 2012 and plated on growth media. A previously described minimum cysticidal concentration (MCC) assay was performed by a single laboratory technician to assess susceptibility to 5 antiamoebic agents for all isolates. Testing was conducted in triplicate, with the median MCC chosen for analyses.

Results:
The MCC (μg/mL) of polyhexamethylene biguanide was 6.25 [IQR 5.47–12.5] for Aravind isolates and 6.25 [IQR 6.25–9.375] for Proctor isolates (P = 0.75), corresponding values were 6.25 [IQR 3.125–6.25] and 3.125 [IQR 3.125–9.375] for chlorhexidine (P = 0.81), 2500 [IQR 2500–5000] and 5000 [IQR 1250–20,000] for voriconazole (P = 0.25), 15.6 [IQR 15.6–39.0625] and 15.6 [IQR 15.6–31.25] for hexamidine (P = 0.92), and 15.6 [IQR 7.81–15.6] and 15.6 [IQR 7.81–31.25] for propamidine (P = 0.42).

Conclusions:
This study found no statistically significant differences in antiamoebic susceptibility of Indian versus US samples from Acanthamoeba keratitis clinical isolates. These findings suggest that differences in antiamoebic susceptibility are likely not responsible for differential outcomes in Acanthamoeba keratitis between the 2 locations.
Comparison of Graft Outcomes Reusing Original Intermediate-Term Cold Storage Solution for Entire Corneal Donor Storage Period With Exchanged Fresh Storage Solution After Donor Preparation in the Cornea Preservation Time Study
Authors: Lass Jonathan H. , Bailey Ryan J. , Szczotka-Flynn Loretta B. , Benetz Beth Ann , Soper Mark , Titus Michael S. , Kollman Craig , Beck Roy W. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty comparing exchange with fresh intermediate-term cold storage solution after lenticule preparation versus reuse of the original solution in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Methods:
In the Cornea Preservation Time Study, 508 donor corneas had lenticules prepared by the eye bank with fresh solution exchange (Fresh group) and 283 with reuse of the original solution (Original group). Storage time for all donors was ≤11 days. Graft success rates, central endothelial cell loss at 3 years, and frequency of positive donor rim cultures were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
The 3-year graft success rate (95% confidence interval) was 93.4% (90.7%–95.3%) in the Fresh group and 95.2% (91.8%–97.2%) in the Original group (adjusted hazard ratio for graft failure = 0.64, 95% confidence interval, 0.33–1.24, P = 0.19). The mean percentage endothelial cell loss was significantly greater in the Fresh group versus Original group (45% ± 22% vs. 38% ± 20%, respectively, P = 0.004). Cultures were positive in 4 (1.5%) of 267 donor rims (3 fungal and 1 bacterial) in the Fresh group and in 4 (2.5%) of 158 in the Original group (P = 0.57). There were 2 postoperative infections in the Original group and none in the Fresh group.

Conclusions:
The use of the original intermediate-term cold storage solution did not reduce the 3-year graft success rate compared with exchanging with fresh solution after lenticule preparation for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, while the frequency of positive donor rim cultures did not significantly differ between groups.
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation After Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Astigmatism Correction: Mid-term and Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Alfonso-Bartolozzi Belén , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Poo-López Aranzazu , Lisa Carlos , Madrid-Costa David , Alfonso José F. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of implanting intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRSs) using a femtosecond laser for correcting astigmatism in patients who had previous deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) throughout a 5-year follow-up period.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 40 eyes of 40 patients with previous DALK and astigmatism ≥3.00 D who underwent Ferrara-type ICRS implantation. The manifest refraction, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity (logMAR), and corneal topography were recorded preoperatively and at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months postoperatively.

Results:
The mean UDVA (logMAR scale) improved from 1.39 ± 0.55 preoperatively to 0.71 ± 0.37 at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.0001). The mean CDVA (logMAR) significantly improved from 0.36 ± 0.17 to 0.22 ± 0.12 at 6 months after surgery (P < 0.0001). Both UDVA and CDVA remained unchanged throughout the follow-up (P = 0.09). Postoperatively, no eyes lost lines of CDVA compared to preoperatively, and around 80% of the eyes gained lines of CDVA. The safety index remained stable at a value of 1.4 throughout the follow-up. The refractive cylinder decreased from −6.86 ± 2.62 D preoperatively to −2.33 ± 1.09D at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.0001), and subsequently, it was stable over the postoperative period (P = 0.2). The maximum and minimum keratometry measurements significantly decreased after surgery and remained stable over the postoperative follow-up period (P > 0.07).

Conclusions:
This study shows the long-term viability of Ferrara-type ICRS implantation using a femtosecond laser as a surgical alternative for astigmatism correction in post-DALK eyes.
Impact of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy Severity on Scheimpflug-Derived Parameters After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Voncken Santana Stefanie , Vasiliauskaitė Indrė , van Dijk Korine , van Tilborg Mirjam , Melles Gerrit R. J. , Kocaba Viridiana , Oellerich Silke 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate how Scheimpflug-derived parameters of eyes with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) are influenced by Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) depending on FECD severity and the presence of subclinical edema.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study including 115 eyes (115 patients) that underwent DMEK for FECD and a control group of 27 eyes with nonpathological corneas was conducted. Preoperative and 6 months postoperative Scheimpflug imaging was used to analyze pachymetry, presence of tomographic features (loss of isopachs/displacement of the thinnest point/focal posterior depression), and corneal backscatter. FECD severity was based on the modified Krachmer scale and the absence/presence of subclinical edema.

Results:
Scheimpflug-derived pachymetry, tomographic, and corneal backscatter parameters were correlated with FECD severity, and all changed from preoperatively to postoperatively (all P < 0.05). Postoperative central corneal thickness, anterior and posterior corneal backscatter, and presence of focal posterior depression remained different from the control group (all P < 0.05). Of eyes without preoperative clinical edema (n = 75), 18.7% showed 0 or 1 tomographic feature (no edema group) and 82.4% had 2 or 3 features (subclinical edema group). Compared with the control group, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity for the “no edema” group did not differ (0.03 ± 0.12 vs. −0.02 ± 0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P = 0.150) but was worse for the subclinical edema group (0.06 ± 0.08 vs. −0.02 ± 0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
For eyes without preoperative edema, more parameters reversed back to ‘normal’ levels than for eyes with (sub)clinical edema. Although most analyzed parameters correlated with FECD severity, corneal tomography might be best suited for objective grading of disease severity to aid in surgical decision-making.
Assessment of the Costs of Implementing COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics in 34 Sites, United States, March 2021
Authors: Yarnoff Benjamin O. , Pike Jamison J. , Athar Heba M. , Bates Laurel G. , Tayebali Zohra A. , Harris LaTreace Q. , Jones-Jack Nkenge H. , Washington Michael L. , Cho Bo-Hyun 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
To estimate the costs to implement public health department (PHD)–run COVID-19 vaccination clinics.

Design:
Retrospectively reported data on COVID-19 vaccination clinic characteristics and resources used during a high-demand day in March 2021. These resources were combined with national average wages, supply costs, and facility costs to estimate the operational cost and start-up cost of clinics.

Setting:
Thirty-four PHD-run COVID-19 vaccination clinics across 8 states and 1 metropolitan statistical area.

Participants:
Clinic managers at 34 PHD-run COVID-19 vaccination clinics.

Intervention:
Large-scale COVID-19 vaccination clinics were implemented by public health agencies as part of the pandemic response.

Main Outcomes Measured:
Operational cost per day, operational cost per vaccination, start-up cost per clinic.

Results:
Median operational cost per day for a clinic was $10 314 (range, $637-$95 163) and median cost per vaccination was $38 (range, $9-$206). There was a large range of operational costs across clinics. Clinics used an average of 99 total staff hours per 100 patients vaccinated. Median start-up cost per clinic was $15 348 (range, $1 409-$165 190).

Conclusions:
Results show that clinics require a large range of resources to meet the high throughput needs of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Estimating the costs of PHD-run vaccination clinics for the pandemic response is essential for ensuring that resources are available for clinic success. If clinics are not adequately supported, they may stop functioning, which would slow the pandemic response if no other setting or approach is possible.
Biomechanical determinants of top running speeds in para-athletes with unilateral transfemoral amputation
Authors: Hobara Hiroaki , Murata Hiroto , Hisano Genki , Hashizume Satoru , Ichimura Daisuke , Cutti Andrea Giovanni , Petrone Nicola 
Published: August 2022

Background:
An increased understanding of biomechanical determinants that influence the sprint performance of para-athletes with a unilateral transfemoral amputation will provide us with a basis for better evaluating athletes' sprint performance and would be expected to aid in the development of more effective training methods and running-specific prosthesis selection guidelines.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of mechanical determinants to the top running speeds of para-athletes with unilateral transfemoral amputation wearing a running-specific prosthesis.

Study design:
Observational study within the subject.

Methods:
Nine para-athletes with unilateral transfemoral amputation wearing a running-specific prosthesis were recruited in this study. They were asked to run at their respective constant top speeds on an instrumented treadmill. From the ground reaction force and spatiotemporal parameters, three mechanical variables—step frequency, mass-specific averaged vertical ground-reaction force, and contact length—were determined for both the affected and unaffected limbs.

Results:
Stepwise regression analysis showed that the contact length of the affected limb was significant and an independent factor of top running speed (β = 0.760, P < 0.05), with a coefficient of determination (R
2) of 0.577 (P < 0.05), whereas the other variables were not associated.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that prosthetic components and alignment are crucial to determining the maximal sprinting performance in uTFA.
Ogden material calibration via magnetic resonance cartography, parameter sensitivity and variational system identification
Authors: Nikolov Denislav P. , Srivastava Siddhartha , Abeid Bachir A. , Scheven Ulrich M. , Arruda Ellen M. , Garikipati Krishna , Estrada Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2022

Contemporary material characterization techniques that leverage deformation fields and the weak form of the equilibrium equations face challenges in the numerical solution procedure of the inverse characterization problem. As material models and descriptions differ, so too must the approaches for identifying parameters and their corresponding mechanisms. The widely used Ogden material model can be comprised of a chosen number of terms of the same mathematical form, which presents challenges of parsimonious representation, interpretability and stability. Robust techniques for system identification of any material model are important to assess and improve experimental design, in addition to their centrality to forward computations. Using fully three-dimensional displacement fields acquired in silicone elastomers with our recently developed magnetic resonance cartography (MR-

u

) technique on the order of greater than

20

000

points per sample

, we leverage partial differential equation-constrained optimization as the basis of variational system identification of our material parameters. We incorporate the statistical
F
-test to maintain parsimony of representation. Using a new, local deformation decomposition locally into mixtures of biaxial and uniaxial tensile states, we evaluate experiments based on an analytical sensitivity metric and discuss the implications for experimental design.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Ogden model of rubber mechanics: Fifty years of impact on nonlinear elasticity’.
Extremal states and coupling properties in electroelasticity
Authors: Menzel A. , Witt C. 
Published: August 2022

Electroelastic materials possess properties most attractive for the design of smart devices and systems such as actuators and sensors. Typical polymers show changes in shape under the action of an electric field, and vice versa, together with fast actuation times, high strain levels and low elastic moduli. This paper deals with an Ogden model inspired framework for large deformation electroelasticity which, as a special case, can also be reduced to the modelling of transversely isotropic elasticity. Extremal (local) states are elaborated based on a coaxiality analysis, i.e. extremal states of energy are considered at fixed deformation and changing direction of electric field, respectively, fixed electric field and changing principal directions of deformation. This analysis results in extremal states when stresses and strain commutate, respectively, dielectric displacements and electric field are aligned. In order to further elaborate electromechanical coupling properties, the sensitivity of stresses with respect to electric field is analysed. This sensitivity is represented by a third-order tensor which, in general, depends on deformation and electric field. To illustrate this third-order tensor, a decomposition into deviators is adopted. Related norms of these deviators, together with the electromechanical coupling contribution to the augmented energy, are investigated for different states under homogeneous deformation and changing electric field direction. The analysis is considered to contribute to a better understanding of electromechanical coupling properties and extremal states in large deformation electroelasticity and by that, as a long-term goal, may contribute to the improved design of related smart devices and systems.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Ogden model of rubber mechanics: Fifty years of impact on nonlinear elasticity’.
Mechanistic Deep Learning Framework on Cell Traits Derived from Single-Cell Mass Cytometry Data
Authors: Wang Bo , Zinkel Sandra S. , Gamazon Eric R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGermline genetic variations can alter cellular differentiation, potentially impacting the response of immune cells to inflammatory challenges. Current variant- and gene-based methods in mouse and human models have established associations with disease phenotypes; however, the underlying mechanisms at the cellular level are less well-understood. Immunophenotyping by multi-parameter flow cytometry, and more recently mass cytometry, has allowed high-resolution identification and characterization of hematopoietic cells. The obtained characterization yields increased dimensionality; however, conventional analysis workflows have been inefficient, incomplete, or unreliable. In this work, we develop a comprehensive machine learning framework – MDL4Cyto – that is tailored to the analysis of mass cytometry data, incorporating statistical, unsupervised learning, and supervised learning models. The statistical modeling can be used to illuminate cell fate decision and cell-type dynamics. The unsupervised learning models along with complementary marker enrichment analyses highlight genetic perturbations that are significantly associated with alterations in cell populations in the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, our supervised learning models, including deep learning and tree-based algorithms, address the bottleneck to data pre-processing that characterizes conventional workflows and generate inferences (e.g., on marker/cell-type interactions) from raw experimental characterization. Notably, we reveal a close relationship among network design, prediction performance, and the underlying biological context. We show that the network architecture extracted from the differentiation cascade of the investigated biological system yields enhanced prediction performance. The presented methodology will enable new insights into hematopoietic differentiation at baseline and following perturbation.HighlightsAnalysis pipeline on mass cytometry data with high-performance implementation of statistical, unsupervised learning, and supervised learning modelsConcordance of machine learning results with biological contextsBiologically-informed neural network designs enhance prediction performanceGraphical Abstract
Bacterial communities associated with the surfaces of the fresh fruits sold around Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and their anti-microbial profiles
Authors: Kabir Rubaiya Binte , Zaman Rizwana , Tania Noor – E– Jannat , Asaduzzaman Md. , Haque Azmeri , Habib Farjana Binte , Tanni Nusrat Noor , Nesa Maherun , Chowdhury Akteruzzaman , Rahman Md. Faizur , Sarker Avizit , Halder Kakali , Sharmin Nazmun , Chowdhury Mahbuba , Nahar Sultana Shazeda , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Shahid Sazzad Bin , Shamsuzzaman SM 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNow-a-days, fresh fruits are popular sources of healthy diets with low energy density. Since they are consumed raw, it may act as a source of foodborne disease and a reservoir for antibiotic resistant organisms. This study aimed to determine microbial prevalence among the fruits sold outside Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) along with their antimicrobial profiles and to detect antimicrobial resistance genes among the resistant organisms.MethodsThirty-five different types of fruits were bought from around DMCH and analyzed for the presence of bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity was done and ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase, and MBL positive strains were identified by standard methods followed by PCR to detect ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase, and MBL genes.FindingsTwenty seven different organisms were isolated and identified which were-Klebsiella spp (33·33%), Citrobacter spp (29·64%), Enterobacter spp (22·22%), Escherichia coli (11·11%), and Staphylococcus aureus (3·70%). Among them 48·15% organisms were resistant to different antibiotics. Only one organism (Citrobacter spp) produced ESBL phenotypically (7·69%). Two (15·38%) were positive for AmpC β-lactamase and one of these (Enterobacter spp) possessed both SHV and CTX-M15A genes by PCR. Imipenem resistance was 84·62% of the antibiotic resistant organisms, and 10 (90·91%) were phenotypically MBL positive by CD test, DDS test, and MHT. By PCR, one Enterobacter spp had MBL encoding gene OXA-48.InterpretationFresh fruits, contaminated with pathogens, might be a source of transmission of resistant organisms and attribute to public health issues.FundingThe office of Directorate General of Health Service, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.ImportanceFruits sold around Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) are usually consumed by patients, patient’s attendant and Health care worker. This investigation emphasized not only on the extent of bacterial contamination but also attempted to measure the anti-microbial profile of these organisms isolated from the fruits commonly available and readily consumed in and around DMCH.