bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term follow-up of medically treated patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a prospective, Swiss single-centre cohort study
Authors: Seidl Sebastian , Rickli Hans , Rogowski Sebastian , Weilenmann Daniel , Ammann Peter , Haager Philipp K. , Joerg Lucas , Rohner Franziska , Chronis Joannis , Rigger Johannes , Maeder Micha T. 
Published: January 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly diagnosed cause of acute myocardial infarction. However, there is still a limited number of larger cohorts with long-term follow-up. We report on the largest Swiss single-centre cohort to date, with follow-up of up to 22 years.
METHODS: We prospectively collected SCAD cases from June 1998 until December 2020. A strategy of systematic follow-up angiography was applied. Information on long-term follow-up was collected up to the end of 2020. Major cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as all-cause death, non-fatal MI, and non-fatal cardiac arrest.
RESULTS: We identified 105 SCAD patients (mean age 53 ± 11 years, 98 female, 5 peripartum). Presentation was myocardial infarction in all patients. In 102 patients, there was one contiguous dissection. Three patients had two (n = 2) or three (n = 1) non-contiguous dissections. In the majority of patients (n = 97), the primary treatment approach was conservative (dual antiplatelet therapy for 12 months in 90% of patients, statins in 91%). Seven patients were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and one patient underwent bypass surgery. Elective follow-up angiograms were performed in 73 asymptomatic patients after a median follow-up of 6.0 months (interquartile range [IQR] 5.5–6.5). These showed healing of the dissection (n = 65) or a good result after PCI (n = 5) in 70 patients. Three patients had a persistent dissection but conservative treatment was continued. After a median follow-up of 7.5 years (IQR 3.6–12.5) (longest follow-up: 22.5 years) there were 15 MACE. Five MACE occurred within 30 days of the index event: death following catastrophic peripartum left main SCAD (n = 1), out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation 16 days after SCAD (n = 1), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction due to occlusion of the dissected artery 10 hours after the index angiogram with subsequent PCI (n = 1), SCAD of a second vessel 8 days after the index SCAD (n = 1), and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with persistent, multisite SCAD 10 days after the index event (n = 1). There were 10 late MACE, including myocardial infarction and recurrent SCAD (different vessel/lesion) a median of 7.6 years (IQR 3.9–9.6) after the index event in eight patients and death with unclear cause in two patients.
CONCLUSION: This SCAD series highlights its highly variable clinical course during the acute phase and in the long term. Although most SCAD patients can be treated conservatively with subsequent healing of the dissection and good clinical outcome, there are also patients with dramatic acute presentation or MACE several years after the initial presentation.
Taxation options for nicotine and tobacco products in Switzerland – a review of tax policies
Authors: Merz Larissa , Puhan Milo A. 
Published: January 2022

Alternative nicotine products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and tobacco heating systems have gained worldwide popularity. Findings suggest ENDS to be probably less harmful than combustible cigarettes, but evidence on long-term health effects is still lacking. The potential risk reduction by using tobacco heating systems instead of combustible cigarettes has largely been studied by tobacco industry-sponsored research. Evidence on the extent of risk reduction is key for risk-adapted taxation policies, which will be discussed soon in the Swiss parliament. Evidence on the effects of tax policies in the USA shows that the level of taxation of ENDS, tobacco heating systems and combustible cigarettes has an effect on switches between these products. Therefore, excise taxes influencing one another need to be considered. In Switzerland, tobacco heating systems are currently taxed at a level of 12%, whereas ENDS are not subject to tobacco excise taxation as yet, because they do not meet the legal definition of a tobacco product. This article analyses approaches for imposing taxes on tobacco and nicotine products and possible outcomes, depending on the intended public health goals.
At least three tax models can be considered. Tax model A would apply a very small tax on ENDS and a higher tax for tobacco products, which could increase incentives for smokers to switch to vaping but comes with risks of increased vaping initiation among the youth and subsequent switch to or dual use of tobacco products. In contrast, model B would levy a moderate tax on ENDS and an increased tax on tobacco products, which could limit initiation among youth, incentivise to switch from smoking to vaping and discourage dual use. In model C, a comparable tax level for ENDS, tobacco heating systems and combustible cigarettes is levied. This could have overall positive effects in reducing tobacco- and nicotine-associated burden of disease by discouraging initiation in youth, overall consumption and dual use, but could discourage switching to less harmful products. When applying these tax models to current sales prices of these products we found that no public health goal, such as protecting youth and reducing tobacco-associated morbidity and mortality can be achieved. The price of tobacco products is too low to achieve any price differentiation that reflects the different risks associated with ENDS and tobacco products. In order to achieve any public health goal with one of these tax models, prices for tobacco products need to be increased substantially.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH: SUATU KAJIAN PUSTAKA
Authors: Alit Sudiarthi Desak Nyoman 
Published: January 2022

The current phenomenon indicates the quality of learning or the quality of education in general is a challenge during the corona pandemic or covid-19. It can be seen that teaching and learning activities between educators and students which were originally conducted through direct interaction in the classroom are not able to be carried out. Face-to-face or direct interaction in class should be limited or even eliminated in order to prevent the spread of the virus. It means that the health protocol requires each individual to practice social and physical distancing in conducting teaching and learning interactions. Due to the pandemic, teaching and learning activities suddenly have to be implemented by a distance learning system via the internet/online learning network. In fact, not all educators and students meet the eligibility requirements for conducting online learning activities. To address it, we invite all education stakeholders to participate in finding solutions and anticipating these problems. The solution is the concept of innovative learning media requiring to be developed in designing learning, understanding the distance learning system, and maximizing the use of innovative learning media in carrying out teaching and learning activities.

Key words: Innovative Learning Media, Distance Learning
THE DESCRIPTION OF CHARACTER VALUES IN ENGLISH LEARNING TOWARDS THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA SARASWATI 1 TABANAN
Authors: Sukraningsih Gusti Ayu Gede 
Published: January 2022

This research purposed to describe character values in English learning to the eleventh-grade students at SMA Saraswati 1 Tabanan. The subjects of this research were an English teacher and 24 students. The techniques used to collect the data were observation, interview, and documentation. The data obtained were analysed by using qualitative data analysis. The result of this research showed that: (1) Character education was implemented in learning process, (2) Character education in this research was inserted by strategy of micro character development including teaching and learning in the classroom.

Key words: Character Education, Implementation, English Learning
ANALISIS ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM DIALOG MAHASISWA DAN MAHASISWI MANGGARAI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS MAHASARASWATI DENPASAR
Authors: Sueni Ni Made 
Published: January 2022

The process of communication and social interaction raises the tendency of a speaker to utilize the potential for language variations. One variation of the language is code switching and code mixing to maintain togetherness in the community. Code switching and code mixing are changes in the use of a particular language or variety of languages to other languages. This study aims to describe certain forms of code switching and interfering forms found in the Student and Student Dialogue in Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) Mahasaraswati University (Unmas) Denpasar. The results of the study show that there is indeed code switching and code mixing in the Manggarai student and student dialogue. took place at the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Program (PSP) Teacher Training and Education Faculty (FKIP) Mahasaraswati University Denpasar (Unmas). The forms of code switching and code mixing in the dialogues of Manggarai students and students are in the form of sentences and words. The factors that influence code switching and code mixing in the dialogues of Manggarai students and students take place, namely. Speakers or speakers, listeners or opponents of speech, habitual factors, changing situations, the presence of third people, changing situations from formal to informal, changing topic of conversation, forgetting local language, affirmation or to clarify, to trends and not to be outdated.

Key words: Code Switching and Code Mixing, Students of Flores Manggarai Students
STANDARISASI BAHASA
Authors: Mawa I Wayan 
Published: January 2022

The use of language much morre depend on, when, who use it. This happens because of the dynamic characters of language. It means that languange will always develope in accordance with the development and dynamics of sociaty. Whether the language changes quickly or not it depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors consist of character of language itself namely, established, fleksible or adapted. Beside that the important thing in dynamics as of language is that how important the rule of the language as the referance of the other dialecs. Apart from the intrinsic factors. The extrimsics factors also have important rule in the dymamics of development of language. This concerning wheter. The language itself fungtion as a mean of unity or as the identity of the speakers.

Key words: Language, Standardisation
IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN MENYUSUN KATA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRISSISWA KELAS VIIIA SMPN 3 TAMPAKSIRING TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Martini Ni Nyoman 
Published: January 2022

The implementation of the arranging words game in order to increase the students speaking abillities. The subjects of this research was the students of VIIIASMPN 2 Tampaksiring in the first semester of the academic year of 2020/2021. The writter choose this class because there were so many students still have less abilities in English, especially in speaking skill. The main purpose of this research is increasing students speaking abillities by the implementation a new teaching learning model. The data collecting methode is learning achievement test.The data analyze is descriptive to qualitative and quantitative data.The research revealed that The implementation of the arranging words game in order to increase the students learning achievement.We can see the students achievement can increase from the early cycle to the first cycle and to the second cycle.Finally,It can be concluded that the implementation of the arranging words game can increase the students achievement.

Key words: Speaking Abillities, Cooperative Learning, Arranging Words Game
Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada Kedai Kopi Aceh di Kota Palembang
Authors: Terenggana Candra Astra 
Published: January 2022

In the city of Palembang there are many coffee shops from the Nangroe Aceh Darussalam area known as kedai kopi Aceh or Kopi Gayo. With its uniqueness, namely the quality of coffee beans, how to brew coffee, taste and friendliness of barista communication, Aceh coffee shops dare to compete with local Palembang coffee shops even with national and international branded coffee shops. The purpose of this study was to measure the performance of kedai kopi Aceh in the city of Palembang based on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is measured based on service quality using physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy variables. The data collection technique used is a survey. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the number of respondents as many as 97 people. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effect of five service quality variables on customer satisfaction. The results showed that all variables of the service quality (Includes: physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) of kedai kopi Aceh coffee shops had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Although the customers of kedai kopi Aceh in Palembang are satisfied with the quality of service provided by kedai kopi Aceh, it is very necessary to improve the quality of the existing physical facilities as well as interior and exterior decorations, considering that competition between coffee providers (Coffee shop) in Palembang does not only rely on the taste of the coffee but also on the facilities, in-store atmosphere and entertainment to satisfy customers.
Factors Affecting Non-performing Loans in Pakistan during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of Micro Finance Banks
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Akbar Ali , Hanif Nadia , Tahir Muhammad Sohail , Khan Ali Junaid 
Published: January 2022

The basic purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting non-performing loans of microfinance banks in Pakistan during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The research used secondary data from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and SBP websites regarding the banking industry in FY 2020–2021, and the data was subjected to a multi-regression analysis. The analysis included a number of variables, including GDP growth rate, management efficiency, bank size and return on assets. According to the study's results, all three variables had a statistically significant affect on the outcome except business size. Non-performing loans have been found to have a important positive association with the country's economy.
Readiness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Using Information Technology (Study in Selayar District)
Authors: Firmansyah Andi , Yani Nurhidayah A , Pontoh Grace T , Arifuddin Arifuddin 
Published: January 2022

<p>This istudy iexamines ithe ireadiness iof iMicro iSmall iand iMedium iEnterprises i(MSMEs) iin iSelayar iRegency iin iusing iInformation iTechnology i(IT). iThe ipopulation iin ithis istudy iis iall iemployees ior iemployees iwho iwork iin ithe iMSMEs isector iin iSelayar iIslands iRegency. iSampling iis using purposive sampling techniques. This research is a quantitative approach. The data in this study were collected using questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively with descriptive statistics and inferentially using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS 20 program. The results showed that: (1) ipartially, ioptimism iand iinnovation ihave ia ipositive iand isignificant ieffect ion iMSMEs ireadiness iin iusing iInformation iTechnology, iwhile iinsecurity ihas ia inegative iand isignificant ieffect ion iMSMEs ireadiness iin iusing iInformation iTechnology iand idiscomfort idoes inot ihave ia isignificant iinfluence ion iMSMEs ireadiness iin iusing iInformation iTechnology iin iSelayar iRegency, iand i(2) isimultaneously, ioptimism, iinnovation, iinsecurity, iand idiscomfort ihave ia isignificant ieffect ion iMSMEs ireadiness iin iusing iInformation iTechnology iin iSelayar iRegency. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Information Technology, MSMEs, Selayar Islands Regency</p>
Transformational Leadership, Procedural Justice, and Emotion of Indonesia Civil State Apparatus: Does It Matter?
Authors: Pintor Shine , Achmad Maylitha 
Published: January 2022

<p><em>This study aims to uncover the effect of transformational leadership toward procedural justice and it’s impact on the positive emotions of Indonesia Civil State Apparatus (CSA). This study used respondents which</em><em> located in</em><em> Jakarta, Makassar, Palu, and Ambon. As such as we know, perceptions of transformational leadership and procedural justice in government environmental can variably by employees. Thus, it will have the tendency to affect positive emotions. Preventing the bias response, the Social Desirability Response (SDR) test was conducted. Sample size in this study was 572 respondents by a survey. purposive sampling technique was used to gain respondents. This study gives an evidence that transformational leadership in government agency could explain and predict procedural justice which perceived by CSA. Subsequently, procedural justice could affect CSA positive emotions</em>. <em>This study proved that transformational leadership could explain and predicting organizational citizenship behavior as a whole.</em></p>
AYAT-AYAT AL-QUR'AN TENTANG KURIKULUM
Authors: Maulida  
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the human efforts in shaping Muslims as human beings is by creating a situation of conducive educational interaction in Islamic education. One of the goals of Islamic education is the need for a curriculum. The curriculum is a set of arrangements and plans related to materials, the content of teaching taught to students, and the learning methods used as guidelines for organizing educational units in the realization of educational goals, especially Islamic education. The curriculum components include objectives, teaching materials, teaching methods, and assessment. The Islamic education curriculum must refer to the Qurâ€™an and hadith as its basis. The Qurâ€™an contains verses or the Word of Allah SWT that contains the curriculum, which is related to materials, the content provided to students in educational institutions, such as monotheism educational, worship, morals, health, social skills, and aesthetics. Thus, students who have faith, noble character and knowledge will be realized as well as the realization of quality Muslim human civilization.
Management of Hepatitis B (Carrier stage) through Ayurved – A Case report
Authors: Zanwar Ashish Chhaganlal , Wajpeyi Sadhana Misar 
Published: January 2022

Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global health problem. On the basis of clinical features, Hepatitis B can be correlated with Kamala. Kamala is caused due to aggravation of Pittadosha. Ayurvedic management of Kamala includes samshodhan and samshaman therapy which leads to break the samprapti of the disease and hence provides complete cure. In this case study 53 years old male patient having complaints of yellowish colored urine and reduced appetite along with generalized weakness, nausea and mild pain in right hypochondriac region was treated with herbomineral preparations (Phalatrikadi Kwath, Arogyavardhini Vati, Liv52 HB, Rohitakarishta etc.) described in classical texts of Ayurveda for 6 months. Assessment was done on the Subjective & Objective (Pathological) Parameters Before, after and during treatment. Significant improvement was observed in subjective and objective parameters after completion of treatment. From this study it can be concluded that Hepatitis B can be successfully managed with principles of Ayurveda.
Penggunaan Media Visual “POSTER BERGAMBAR” dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Udayani Luh Melin 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tanggapan peserta didik terhadap penggunaan media visual berupa poster di kelas Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian berlangsung di sekolah dasar nomor 1 Pancasari, Bali. Sebanyak 25 siswa dari kelas empat berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Siswa diminta menjawab beberapa pertanyaan tentang proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan poster. Mereka juga diajak untuk mendiskusikan tanggapan mereka satu sama lain. Peneliti memberikan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 4 pertanyaan tentang penggunaan poster dan kontribusinya terhadap pembelajaran mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan poster membantu siswa dalam proses belajar mandiri, membangun motivasi, dan membantu siswa lebih memahami bahasa Inggris daripada menggunakan buku teks serta memahami topik dengan lebih baik.
Ghana’s Education in the Era of Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings: A Historical Review and Analysis, 1982-2001
Authors: Boakye Peter 
Published: January 2022

This study examined the contribution of Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings to the development of education in Ghana. Specifically, the study focused on his introduction of the 1987 Education Reforms, and how the University Rationalisation Policy introduced by him affected tertiary education in Ghana. The study employed the appropriate historical and methodological approaches as its research design. It adopts the qualitative method and uses both primary and secondary sources of data to examine how education fared in Ghana under Rawlings. Interview guide was used to collect the primary data. Two persons were selected for the interview on the grounds of their knowledge about Rawlings. Again, they were present when Rawlings introduced the 1987 Education Reforms in Ghana. The study points out that Rawlings’ contribution to education did not only shorten the duration of education but also, it built a school system that reflected the Ghanaian realities and that made the educated child more productive in the society
Qual democracia? contribuições de Jeremy Waldron para a crítica ao protagonismo judicial no neoconstitucionalismo
Authors: Mendes de Novais Melissa , De Melo Miguel Alexia 
Published: January 2022

A relação entre o Poder Judiciário e a democracia é tema de relevância na contemporaneidade, uma vez que o agigantamento da esfera jurisdicional tende a relegar aos espaços democráticos um papel subsidiário na sociedade. A centralidade do Judiciário, agravada pelo que Oscar Vilhena Vieira chama de “Supremocracia” trata-se de mais uma narrativa que retira o poder de decisão da esfera da soberania popular. Nesse sentido, a atuação do Judiciário, baseada em uma posição neoconstitucionalista ou pós-positivista do Direito, deve ser questionada. As críticas ao neoconstitucionalismo não advêm, todas, de um mesmo modelo teórico, mas, o referencial adotado será o de Jeremy Waldron, que prestigia o autogoverno e a perspectiva majoritária da democracia. Logo, deve-se tomar a teoria constitucional hegemônica que consolida o empoderamento do Poder Judiciário via controle de constitucionalidade a partir de seus problemas e limitações, tanto teóricos quanto práticos, tendo em vista a realidade do Poder Judiciário no Brasil. Dessa forma, pretende-se responder tais questionamentos: de que democracia se fala quando o Judiciário está posto em discussão? Qual reflexo tem a posição neoconstitucionalista ou pós-positivista do Direito adotada pelos tribunais brasileiros? Como a crítica de Jeremy Waldron contribui para se repensar o modelo de funcionamento do Judiciário posto e reforçar as estruturas democráticas? Para tanto, o método de procedimento é o monográfico e as técnicas de pesquisa são a bibliográfica e a documental.