bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐body and adipose tissue metabolic phenotype in cancer patients
Authors: Anderson Lindsey J. , Lee Jonathan , Anderson Barbara , Lee Benjamin , Migula Dorota , Sauer Adam , Chong Nicole , Liu Haiming , Wu Peter C. , Dash Atreya , Li Yi‐Ping , Garcia Jose M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAltered adipose tissue (AT) metabolism in cancer‐associated weight loss via inflammation, lipolysis, and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is primarily implicated from rodent models; their contribution to AT wasting in cancer patients is unclear.MethodsEnergy expenditure (EE), plasma, and abdominal subcutaneous WAT were obtained from men (aged 65 ± 8 years) with cancer, with (CWL, n = 27) or without (CWS, n = 47) weight loss, and weight‐stable non‐cancer patients (CON, n = 26). Clinical images were assessed for adipose and muscle area while plasma and WAT were assessed for inflammatory, lipolytic, and browning markers.ResultsCWL displayed smaller subcutaneous AT (SAT; P = 0.05) and visceral AT (VAT; P = 0.034) than CWS, and displayed higher circulating interleukin (IL)‐6 (P = 0.01) and WAT transcript levels of IL‐6 (P = 0.029), IL‐1β (P = 0.042), adipose triglyceride lipase (P = 0.026), and browning markers (Dio2, P = 0.03; PGC‐1a, P = 0.016) than CWS and CON. There was no difference across groups in absolute REE (P = 0.061), %predicted REE (P = 0.18), circulating free fatty acids (FFA, P = 0.13) or parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP; P = 0.88), or WAT protein expression of inflammation (IL‐6, P = 0.51; IL‐1β, P = 0.29; monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, P = 0.23) or WAT protein or gene expression of browning (uncoupling protein‐1, UCP‐1; P = 0.13, UCP‐1, P = 0.14). In patients with cancer, FFA was moderately correlated with WAT hormone‐sensitive lipase transcript (r = 0.38, P = 0.018, n = 39); circulating cytokines were not correlated with expression of WAT inflammatory markers and circulating PTHrP was not correlated with expression of WAT browning markers. In multivariate regression using cancer patients only, body mass index (BMI) directly predicted SAT (N = 25, R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001), VAT (N = 28, R2 = 0.64, P < 0.001), and absolute REE (N = 22, R2 = 0.43, P = 0.001), while BMI and WAT UCP‐1 protein were indirectly associated with %predicted REE (N = 22, R2 = 0.45, P = 0.02), and FFA was indirectly associated with RQ (N = 22, R2 = 0.52, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCancer‐related weight loss was associated with elevated circulating IL‐6 and elevations in some WAT inflammatory, lipolytic and browning marker transcripts. BMI, not weight loss, was associated with increased energy expenditure. The contribution of inflammation and lipolysis, and lack thereof for WAT browning, will need to be clarified in other tumour types to increase generalizability. Future studies should consider variability in fat mass when exploring the relationship between cancer and adipose metabolism and should observe the trajectory of lipolysis and energy expenditure over time to establish the clinical significance of these associations and to inform more mechanistic interpretation of causation.
Patients with liver cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have lesser chances for liver transplantation
Authors: Hasegawa Yasushi , Obara Hideaki , Chu Po‐Sung , Shinoda Masahiro , Kitago Minoru , Abe Yuta , Yagi Hiroshi , Matsubara Kentaro , Nakamoto Nobuhiro , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe main causes of liver cirrhosis have changed over the past decade. In Japan, the number of deceased donors is increasing but is still insufficient relative to the number of patients awaiting a liver transplant. In the present study we aimed to assess the outcomes of candidates for liver transplantation.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of adult patients who visited our department for consultation regarding liver transplantation from January 2009 to December 2020. Of a total of 601 patients, 336 were followed‐up. The following data were collected and analyzed: patient's characteristics, liver etiology, Child‐Pugh and MELD scores, and the eventual outcome, that is, whether liver transplantation was performed.ResultsOnly 153 of 336 (45.5%) patients underwent liver transplantation, of which 42 (27.5%) received deceased donor liver transplantation, and 129 (38.4%) died without transplantation. The proportion of patients who underwent liver transplantation was low among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (10.7%) (P < .001). The rate of qualified living donors was the lowest for patients with NASH (28.6%) and that for the other etiologies ranged from 55.6% to 67.4% (P = .050).ConclusionPatients with liver cirrhosis due to NASH may have a lesser chance of undergoing liver transplantation from both living and deceased donors.
Optogenetic stimulation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons in a female rodent model of depression: The effect of different stimulation patterns
Authors: Tong Yixin , Pfeiffer Lisa , Serchov Tsvetan , Coenen Volker A. , Döbrössy Máté D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders, and more than 300 million of people suffer from depression worldwide. Recent clinical trials indicate that deep brain stimulation of the superolateral medial forebrain bundle (mfb) can have rapid and long‐term antidepressant effects in patients with treatment‐resistant depression. However, the mechanisms of action are elusive. In this study, using female rats, we demonstrate the antidepressant effects of selective optogenetic stimulation of the ventral tegmental area's dopaminergic (DA) neurons passing through the mfb and compare different stimulation patterns. Chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) induced depressive‐like, but not anxiety‐like phenotype. Short‐term and long‐term stimulation demonstrated antidepressant effect (OSST) and improved anxiolytic effect (EPM), while long‐term stimulation during CMUS induction prevented depressive‐like behavior (OSST and USV) and improved anxiolytic effect (EPM). The results highlight that long‐term accumulative stimulation on DA pathways is required for antidepressant and anxiolytic effect.
Recent Advances in Bioinspired Hydrogels with Environment‐Responsive Characteristics for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ran Chao , Wang Jiacheng , He Yonggang , Ren Qian , Hu Hao , Zhu Jiangqin , Gu Xunxin , Li Meng , Zheng Lu , Li Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of hydrogel‐integrated soft materials via the incorporation of therapeutic medicines into biocompatible hydrogels, serving as host, will significantly contribute to advances in medical diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, intelligent hydrogels having the ability to respond to local environmental conditions offer a promising approach for the development of novel solutions in the biomedical field. Bioinspired intelligent hydrogels are now becoming a potentially powerful biomaterial class for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical device. Recent advances include bioinspired intelligent hydrogels that possess unique mechanical and optical properties as a result of their nature‐inspired complex‐structured design. This review highlights the latest advances in intelligent bionic hydrogels, as well as strategies targeting smart response of their characteristics across multiple dimensions (such as temperature, light, pH, among others). Finally, the potential development and prospective application of mimicking the natural intelligence of multifunctional medical hydrogels are also discussed.
Effects of Acute Temperature Change Associated with Handling Practices on Metabolic Rate Stabilization in Two Centrarchids
Authors: Goff Shelby , Redd Madeline E. , Conner Almond J. , Pearlman Reid , Allen Peter J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sportfishing and hatchery practices routinely subject fish to acute temperature changes through placement of fish in live wells and normal handling and transportation procedures. Acute temperature changes alter metabolic rate in ectotherms; however, the rapidity of the response to reach a new homeostatic state is not well known. Therefore, the response duration in metabolic rate after acute temperature change was measured in two centrarchid species, the Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Redear Sunfish Lepomis microlophus, which are representative of two different body shapes and are both commonly pursued in recreational fishing and reared in hatcheries. Largemouth Bass were acclimated to either 20°C or 30°C, and Redear Sunfish were acclimated to 24°C. Aerobic metabolic rate was measured immediately after acute temperature change (−4, +0, or +4°C) and was measured repeatedly in cycles of 5.5 or 10.0 min, respectively, until the metabolic rate stabilized. In Largemouth Bass, the metabolic rate stabilized similarly or more slowly following a moderate high-temperature shock (+4°C; 44 min) compared to transfer to conditions with no temperature change (+0°C) or a moderate low-temperature shock (−4°C; 16–48 min). In contrast, the metabolic rate in Redear Sunfish stabilized faster after transfer to +4°C (15 min) than after transfer to −4°C or +0°C (both 31 min), possibly because the elevated metabolic rate after transfer was sustained. Notably, for both species, metabolic rates stabilized at a generally lower level after transfer to −4°C than after transfer to +0°C or +4°C. Therefore, the duration until stabilization of metabolic rate after acute temperature change may depend upon species and acclimation temperature, although for both species examined, the energy savings in reduced metabolic rates after moderate cold shock may be beneficial for recovery from sportfishing or hatchery practices.
Circumventing the curse of dimensionality in magnetic resonance fingerprinting through a deep learning approach
Authors: Barbieri Marco , Lee Philip K. , Brizi Leonardo , Giampieri Enrico , Solera Francesco , Castellani Gastone , Hargreaves Brian A. , Testa Claudia , Lodi Raffaele , Remondini Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a rapidly developing approach for fast quantitative MRI. A typical drawback of dictionary‐based MRF is an explosion of the dictionary size as a function of the number of reconstructed parameters, according to the “curse of dimensionality”, which determines an explosion of resource requirements. Neural networks (NNs) have been proposed as a feasible alternative, but this approach is still in its infancy.In this work, we design a deep learning approach to MRF using a fully connected network (FCN). In the first part we investigate, by means of simulations, how the NN performance scales with the number of parameters to be retrieved in comparison with the standard dictionary approach. Four MRF sequences were considered: IR‐FISP, bSSFP, IR‐FISP‐B1, and IR‐bSSFP‐B1, the latter two designed to be more specific for
parameter encoding. Estimation accuracy, memory usage, and computational time required to perform the estimation task were considered to compare the scalability capabilities of the dictionary‐based and the NN approaches.In the second part we study optimal training procedures by including different data augmentation and preprocessing strategies during training to achieve better accuracy and robustness to noise and undersampling artifacts. The study is conducted using the IR‐FISP MRF sequence exploiting both simulations and in vivo acquisitions.Results demonstrate that the NN approach outperforms the dictionary‐based approach in terms of scalability capabilities. Results also allow us to heuristically determine the optimal training strategy to make an FCN able to predict T1,  T2, and M0 maps that are in good agreement with those obtained with the original dictionary approach. k‐SVD denoising is proposed and found to be critical as a preprocessing step to handle undersampled data.
Local non‐intrusive reduced order modeling based on soft clustering and classification algorithm
Authors: Kang Yu‐Eop , Shon Soonho , Yee Kwanjung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe use of non‐intrusive reduced order modeling (NIROM) to approximate high‐fidelity computer models has been steadily increased over the past decade. Recently, local NIROM has been proposed to improve the model accuracy in highly nonlinear problems in which distinct characteristic regimes coexist. The core concept of local NIROM is the decomposition of the parameter domains into a subregime to create multiple models. However, the existing local NIROM not only partitions the individual models in a mutually exclusive manner, but also uses a single model for prediction. This results in the extrapolation of surrogate models and the generation of artificial discontinuities. To mitigate these problems, a local NIROM that allows flexible overlapping of individual NIROMs is developed. This method softly partitions and combines individual NIROMs using machine learning techniques, such as fuzzy c‐means and multinomial logistic regression. Furthermore, a variance‐based adaptive sampling technique that can consider both local exploitation and global exploration is applied to improve model accuracy. The proposed method is validated against the transonic flow and in‐flight icing problem, and demonstrates superior performance relative to its local counterpart by up to 16.5% and 33.9% in terms of normalized root‐mean‐square error and exclusive OR error, respectively.
Relationship of food allergy with quality of life and sleep in psychiatric patients
Authors: Gomi Chiho , Yokota Yuuki , Yoshida Sumiko , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimFew studies have examined the relationship between food allergy (FA) and psychiatric disorders. We aimed to examine the possible relationship of FA with quality of life (QOL) and sleep in adult patients with psychiatric disorders.MethodsOf the 812 participants (451 females, mean age: 42.7 ± 11.3 years), 430 had schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 106 had depression, 124 had bipolar disorder, 40 had anxiety disorders, 38 had developmental disorders, and 11 had eating disorders; 63 were other cases. We documented FA and sleep disturbance via a questionnaire. QOL was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study 8‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐8 Japanese version).ResultsThere were 126 patients (15.5%) reporting FA. SF‐8 physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were both significantly lower among individuals with FA than those without. Moreover, PCS and MCS scores decreased as the number of allergens increased. Sleep disturbance was common among patients (76.0%). The proportions of individuals with sleep disturbance and nocturnal awakening were significantly higher in the group with FA, with the proportions increasing with higher number of allergens.ConclusionWe obtained the first evidence that FA is associated with impaired QOL and sleep in psychiatric patients, which can be improved by avoiding exposure to food allergens.
Which roads lead to depression in Latinas? A network analysis of prenatal depressive symptoms, discrimination, acculturative stress, and low birth weight
Authors: Harris Rebeca Alvarado , Chen Daqi , Santos Hudson P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough immigrant mothers from some Latinx subgroups initially achieve healthy birth outcomes despite lower socioeconomic status, this advantage deteriorates across generations in the United States. Interpersonal discrimination and acculturative stress may interact with economic hardship to predict an intergenerational cascade of emotional and biological vulnerabilities, particularly perinatal depression. Network analyses may elucidate not only how and which psychosocial experiences relate to depressive symptoms, but which symptom‐to‐symptom relationships emerge. This study aims to understand (1) how economic, acculturative, and discrimination stressors relate to prenatal depression and low birth weight and (2) how Latinas may respond to and cope with stressors by exploring symptom–symptom and symptom–experience relationships. A sample of 151 pregnant Latinas (predominantly foreign‐born and Mexican and Central American descent) completed the EPDS and psychosocial questionnaires (discrimination, acculturation, acculturative stress, economic hardship) during pregnancy (24–32 weeks). Birth weights were recorded from postpartum medical records. We created network models using the Extended Bayesian Information Criterion Graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator to estimate the relationship between variables. Discrimination exposure connected psychosocial stressors to depressive symptoms, particularly worry, crying, sadness, and self‐blame. Discrimination also revealed a connection between acculturation and low birth weight. Furthermore, younger age of migration and greater acculturation levels were correlated to greater discrimination stress and low birth weights. Perinatal research in Latinas must account not only for measures of cultural adaptation but recognize how developmental exposures across the life span, including discrimination, may be associated with adverse health trajectories for a mother and her child.
Can responsive deep brain stimulation be a cost‐effective treatment for severe obesity?
Authors: Mahajan Uma V. , Ojukwu Disep I. , Azagury Dan E. , Safer Debra L. , Cunningham Tricia , Halpern Casey H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveA first‐in‐human responsive deep brain stimulation (rDBS) trial (NCT03868670) for obesity is under way, which is based on promising preclinical evidence. Given the upfront costs of rDBS, it is prudent to examine the success threshold for cost‐effectiveness compared with laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).MethodsEfficacy and safety data on LRYGB and safety data on rDBS were collected for established indications through a literature search. The success threshold was defined as minimum BMI reduction. Treatment costs were calculated via Medicare national reimbursement data.ResultsLRYGB had a mean BMI reduction of 13.75 kg/m2. Based on adverse events, LRYGB was a less‐preferred health state (overall adverse event utility of 0.96 [0.02]) than rDBS (0.98 [0.01]), but LRYGB ($14,366 [$6,410]) had a significantly lower treatment cost than rDBS ($29,951 [$4,490];p< 0.0001). Therefore, for rDBS to be cost‐effective compared with LRYGB, the multiple models yielded a success threshold range of 13.7 to 15.2 kg/m2.ConclusionsThis study established a preliminary efficacy success threshold for rDBS to be cost‐effective for severe obesity, and results from randomized controlled trials are needed. This analysis allows for interpretation of the economic impact of advancing rDBS for obesity in light of ongoing trial results and suggests an attainable threshold is needed for cost‐effectiveness.
Childhood nutrient intakes are differentially associated with hepatic and abdominal fats in adolescence: The EPOCH study
Authors: Cohen Catherine C. , Perng Wei , Bekelman Traci A. , Ringham Brandy M. , Scherzinger Ann , Shankar Kartik , Dabelea Dana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether nutrient intakes in childhood are associated with abdominal and hepatic fat depots later in adolescence.MethodsUsing data from 302 participants in the longitudinal Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among CHildren (EPOCH) study, energy partition and nutrient density models were constructed to examine associations of nutrient intakes in childhood (~10 years of age), assessed by food frequency questionnaire, with abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and hepatic fat in adolescence (~16 years of age).ResultsIn energy partition models (energy intake not held constant), total, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat intakes in childhood were associated with higher SAT in adolescence (β [95% CI]: 8.5 [0.1‐17.1], 25.1 [2.1‐48.1], and 59.7 [16.1‐103.3] mm2 per 100 kcal/d), higher starch intake was associated with log‐hepatic fat (back‐transformed β [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.01‐1.15] per 100 kcal/d), and, in boys only, higher animal protein intake was associated with VAT (β [95% CI]: 5.3 [0.3‐10.3] mm2 per 100 kcal/d). Most associations were unchanged when adjusted for energy intake in nutrient density models.ConclusionsChildhood nutrient intakes were differentially associated with adolescent body fats; specifically, unsaturated fat intake predicted abdominal SAT, animal protein intake predicted VAT, and starch intake predicted hepatic fat. These nutrient intakes may, therefore, be targets for intervention studies aiming to modify adolescent body fat distribution.
Effect of low‐pressure cold plasma on the properties of edible film based on alginate enriched with Dunaliella salina powder
Authors: Gholamazad Aida , Hosseini Sepideh , Hosseini Somaye , Ramezan Yousef , Rahmanabadi Alireza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEdible films based on sodium alginate enriched with different percentages of Dunaliella salina powder were prepared and treated by cold plasma for diverse durations in the presence of oxygen and argon. The results demonstrated that plasma treatment, especially in the presence of argon, improves film tensile strength and Young's modulus but reduces its flexibility. Surface morphologies and topography clearly show that cold plasma's physical and chemical etching affected the microstructure of films and increased surface roughness and contact angle. Also, water vapor permeability decreased due to the reduced pores of the film and surface hydrophilicity after treatment. The results of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of treated films containing D. salina were interestingly increased by both O2 and Ar plasma. The colorimetric findings indicated that plasma increased the intensity of redness in samples containing D. salina, with the color of these samples being more vivid.
ATF6α promotes prostate cancer progression by enhancing PLA2G4A‐mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and protecting tumor cells against ferroptosis
Authors: Zhao Ru , Lv Ye , Feng Tingting , Zhang Ruojia , Ge Luna , Pan Jihong , Han Bo , Song Guanhua , Wang Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the clinical success of androgen receptor (AR)‐targeted therapies, prostate cancer (PCa) inevitably progresses to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Transcription factor 6 α (ATF6α), an effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that modulates the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, has been linked to tumor development, metastasis, and relapse. However, the role of ATF6α in CRPC remains unclear.MethodsThe effect of ATF6α on the CRPC‐like phenotype in PCa cells was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)−5‐(3‐carb‐Oxymethoxyphenyl)−2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)−2H‐tetrazolium inner salt (MTS), 5‐Bromo‐2‐deoxyUridine (BrdU) incorporation analysis, and cell death assay. Mechanistically, bioinformatic analysis was utilized to evaluate the potential of PLA2G4A as the target of ATF6α. Moreover, Western blot analysis, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, arachidonic acid (AA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) assays were performed to identify the regulatory effect of ATF6α on PLA2G4A.ResultsIn this study, we found that the increase of ATF6α expression in response to androgen deprivation generates PCa cells with a CRPC‐like phenotype. PCa cells with high levels of ATF6α expression are resistant to ferroptosis, and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ATF6α could, therefore, promote the ferroptotic death of tumor cells and delay PCa progression. Molecular analyses linked ATF6α regulation of ferroptosis to the PLA2G4A‐mediated release of AA and the resulting increase in PGE2 production, the latter of which acts as an antiferroptotic factor.ConclusionsThis study defines ATF6α as a novel antiferroptotic regulator that exacerbates PCa progression. In addition, our data establish ATF6α‐PLA2G4A signaling as an important pathological pathway in PCa, and targeting this pathway may be a novel treatment strategy.