bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a scoping review
Authors: Xiang Xinyue , Huang Lihua , Fang Yong , Cai Shasha , Zhang Mingyue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Reduced physical activity (PA) was the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This scoping review aimed to map the evidence on the current landscape of physical activity, barriers and facilitators, and assessment tools across COPD patients.
Methods
Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology framework guided the conduct of this review. An electronic search was conducted on five English databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science (Medline)) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CQVIP and WAN-FANG) in November 2021. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted the studies characteristics.
Results
The initial search yielded 3686 results, of which 1754 were duplicates. Of the remaining 135 articles, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the reviewed articles, there were 14 (33.3%) cross-sectional study, 9 (21.4%) cohort study, 4 (9.5%) longitudinal study, 3 qualitative study, 12 (28.7%) randomized control trials (RCTs). The main barriers identified were older age, women, lung function, comorbidities, COPD symptoms (fear of breathlessness, severe fatigue, anxiety and depression), GOLD stage, frequency of exacerbation, oxygen use, low motivation and environment-related (season and weather). Twelve studies have evaluated the effects of physical exercise (e.g., walking training), pulmonary rehabilitation, pedometer, self-efficacy enhancing intervention, behavioral modification intervention on physical activity and have had inconsistent results.
Conclusions
Changing physical activity behavior in patients with COPD requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Future studies need to identify the best instruments to measure physical activity in clinical practice. Future studies should focus on the effects of different types, time and intensity of physical activity in COPD patients and conduct randomized, adequately-powered, controlled trials to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of behavioral change interventions in physical activity.
Combinational Therapy with Aspirin and Ticagrelor Alleviates Vascular Inflammation and Angiotensin II-driven Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Weng Yingzheng , Lou Jiangjie , Chen Xiaofeng , Du Changqing , Tang Lijiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe form of blood vessel-related disease. Medial degeneration and inflammation are typical characteristic of AAA. Activated platelets release many pro-inflammatory cytokines and participate in the initial inflammatory response to various vascular diseases. Although there are some studies on the effects of APAs on AAA, it is yet unknown whether the new P2Y12 receptor inhibitor ticagrelor (T) can inhibit AAA. Herein, we explored the consequences of ticagrelor exposure on AAA progression and determined whether a combinational therapy, involving T and aspirin (A), exerts a stronger inhibitory effect in vivo. Methods: AAA was established in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice via a 28-day administration of angiotensin II (Ang II). Next, the mice were arbitrarily separated into 5 groups: saline infusion alone (sham), Ang II infusion alone, Ang II infusion plus oral A (10 mg·kg −1 ·d −1), Ang II infusion plus oral T (120 mg.kg-1 .d-1), Ang II infusion plus combinational therapy with A (10 mg·kg −1 ·d −1) and T (120 mg.kg-1 .d-1). Results: The combined treatment markedly suppressed the Ang II-driven elevation of maximal aortic diameter, aneurysm formation (26.7% decrease, P<0.05), alterations in aortic expansion, elastic lamina destruction, platelet deposition, and inflammatory cytokine accumulation. In addition, it also diminished matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 production. Conclusions: A combinational therapy of A and T, but not individual drugs, inhibits Ang II-driven AAA generation in mice in vivo, and this process may be regulated by a suppressed inflammatory response.
The study on genetic diversity and genetic structure of Juglans mandshurica in Shandong Province based on EST-SSR
Authors: Wang Zihao , Zhang Hao , Tong Boqiang , Han Biao , Liu Dan , Zhang Ping , Hu Dechang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Juglans plant with important ecological and economic value is endangered in China. And the basis for its protection is the genetic diversity assessment. In the present study, the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of 134 samples from 9 natural J. mandshurica populations with 2 related species were surveyed by EST-SSR markers. The results showed that (1) 77 alleles were amplified within 9 EST-SSR markers which had high polymorphism (PIC = 0.5070). Compared with other Juglans species in China, the genetic diversity of J. mandshurica population in Shandong areas was relatively low (H O =0.3333, I=0.7051). (2) The AMOVA analysis showed that 89% variation occurred within the population of J. mandshurica in Shandong areas, and 11% occurred among the populations. The low genetic differentiation (F ST =0.103) and the high gene flow (Nm= 2.894) among populations may be related to the long-distance transmission of pollen. The results of Mantel test (r=-0.0870, p =0.4320) showed that there was no significant correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance. (3) UPGMA cluster analysis divided 8 J. mandshurica populations in Shandong areas into two groups. The results of STRUCTURE analysis suggested interspecific introgression exists between J. mandshurica and common walnuts ( J. regia L.). These genetic data would be great significance for biodiversity conservation for endangered J. mandshurica .
A Novel Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Municipal Solid Waste Management Alternative with 2-Dimension Uncertain Linguistic Sets
Authors: Che Yue , Zhang Xuelan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has been considered as a complicated multi-criteria decision-making problem for the uncertain context and related criteria. To select an optimal MSWM scenario, this paper provides a comprehensive MCDM framework for decision makers under 2-dimension uncertain linguistic (2-DUL) environment. Distinguished from traditional approaches, this framework not only guarantees the consistency of comparison matrix but improves effectiveness and efficiency in the decision process. Moreover, it accurately solves the cardinal and ordinal information of MSWM scenarios. Firstly, due to ambiguous and uncertain decision context, the 2-DUL set, characterized by I class of the linguistic evaluation information and II class of the reliability of the assessment results, is adopted to describe decision-makers’ preference. An expectation reduced-dimension is developed to effectively handle 2-DUL set. Secondly, to guarantee consistency and reduce numerical pairwise comparisons, a best-worst-method (BWM)-based analytic network process (ANP) is utilized to form the local priority vectors of the main criteria and sub-criteria. Main criteria weights and sub-criteria weights are then obtained by aggregating all local priority vectors. Thirdly, an extended QUALIFLEX approach is employed to rank all alternative MSWM scenarios by comparing the weighted concordance/discordance index among overall possible permutations of all alternative scenarios. Finally, the developed framework is applied in a case study to determine an optimal MSWM scenario in Beijing. Additionally, a comparison analysis is complemented. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework is feasible, efficient and superior in MSWM scenarios selection.
Optimal Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Patients Who Were Functionally Deferred Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Abe Takuro , Shimazaki Kensuke , Moriyama Tetsu , Murohashi Akira , Iwanami Yuji , Sasaki Akihito , Saito Katsumi , Jujo Kentaro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Deferral of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for functionally insignificant stenosis, defined as fractional flow reserve (FFR) > 0.80, is associated with favorable long-term prognoses. The lower-the-better strategy for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) management is an established non-angioplasty therapy to improve the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing PCI. We examined the optimal LDL-C management in cases of intermediate coronary stenosis with deferred PCI on the basis of FFR values.
Methods
This observational study included 273 consecutive patients with a single target vessel and deferred PCI with an FFR > 0.80. Patients with an FFR of 0.81–0.85 (n = 93) and those with FFR > 0.85 (n = 180) were classified into the lower (< 100 mg/dL) and higher (≥ 100 mg/dL) LDL-C groups. The endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and unplanned revascularization.
Results
Patients with an FFR of 0.81–0.85 had a significantly higher MACCE rate than those with an FFR > 0.85 (log-rank, p = 0.003). In patients with an FFR of 0.81–0.85, the lower LDL-C group showed a significantly lower MACCE rate than the higher LDL-C group (log-rank, p = 0.006). However, the event rate did not differ significantly between the two groups in patients with FFR > 0.85 (log-rank, p = 0.84).
Conclusions
Uncontrolled LDL-C levels were associated with higher MACCE rates in cases with deferred PCI due to an FFR of 0.81–0.85. This high-risk population for adverse cardiovascular events should receive strict LDL-C-lowering therapy.
Superconductivity at 50 K of a Coordination Polymer System
Authors: Xu Zhengtao , He Jun , Liu Zhiqing , Tang Liangming , Ye Xinhe , Hu Jieying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of coordination polymers (e.g., Prussian blue) is as old as modern chemistry, but never stops surprising people. Underlying this rich chemistry is the infinite organic molecules that can be designed to link up various metal ions or clusters. We here report superconductivity observed of a designer coordination polymer system sporting the chemically soft mercaptan and hard carboxyl groups. The mercaptan-carboxyl (dubbed Mercarb, or QiuSuo in Mandarin Pinyin) synergy smacks of Daoism and here carries over from the molecular to the solid state: the soft sulfur donors bond with Co2+/Ni2+ (or other transition metal ions) to afford 2D sheets for charge transport, while the interlayer metal-carboxylate domain is more ionic and mediates the transition into the superconductive state. Besides the flexible QiuSuo design, this CP system is open, and allows exchange of molecule guests for tuning the electron-hole balance, in order to achieve high-temperature superconductivity.
BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 protects against LPS-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by inhibiting SIRT1-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes
Authors: Li wenjun , Shen XiuFeng , Feng Shenglan , Liu Yue , Zhao Huiying , Zhou Guohao , Sang Ming , Sun Xiaodong , Jiao Rong , Liu Fuyuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
JQ1, a BRD4 protein inhibitor, first identified because of its therapeutic role in cancer, has gradually demonstrated a protective effect on the heart in recent years; however, it is unclear whether JQ1 also plays a role in LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 on LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction and its mechanism. In the experiments, we found that BRD4 was significantly upregulated in the hearts of LPS-treated mice.JQ1 treatment improved survival and cardiac function in LPS-treated mice and reduced cardiomyopathologic injury, inflammation, and oxidative injury.JQ1 treatment similarly reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and inflammatory factors in H9C2 cells treated with LPS.JQ1 significantly upregulated silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression and suppressed the upregulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD in heart tissues induced by LPS.Meanwhile, we obtained the same results in H9C2 cells treated with LPS. The administration of the SIRT1 inhibitor (EX527) intervention partially blocked the JQ1-mediated downregulation of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD in LPS-induced H9C2 cells. Therefore, we propose that JQ1 can improve LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting SIRT1-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, which may be a promising strategy for treating sepsis cardiomyopathy.
Sample Size Calculation for Prevalence Studies Using Scalex and ScalaR Calculators
Authors: NAING Lin , NORDIN Rusli , RAHMAN Hanif ABDUL , NAING Yuwadi Thein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although books and articles guiding the methods of sample size calculation for prevalence studies are available, authors observe several issues related to sample size calculation in published articles such as incorrect calculation, incorrect use of formula, incorrect parameters, and incomplete sample size reporting. This brief article focuses on sample size calculation for a prevalence study, choosing correct parameters with proper understanding, and reporting issues, and demonstrate use of a well-prepared calculator which also assist users to make proper decision making and appropriate report. Two calculators can be used with free software (spreadsheet and RStudio) which benefit researchers with limited resources. The calculators are available at: (https://sites.google.com/view/sr-ln/ssc)
Artemisinin inhibits innate immune cell chemotaxis, cytokine production and NET release
Authors: Morad Hassan , Luqman Suaib , Pinto Larissa , Cunningham Kevin P. , Vilar Bruno , Clayton Georgia , Shankar-Hari Manu , McNaughton Peter A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Immune cell chemotaxis to the sites of pathogen invasion is critical for fighting infection, but in life-threatening conditions such as sepsis and Covid-19, excess activation of the innate immune system is thought to cause a damaging invasion of immune cells into tissues and a consequent excessive release of cytokines. In these circumstances, tempering excessive activation of the innate immune system may, paradoxically, promote recovery. Here we identify the antimalarial compound artemisinin as a potent and selective inhibitor of neutrophil and macrophage chemotaxis induced by many chemotactic agents. Artemisinin released calcium from intracellular stores in a similar way to thapsigargin, a known inhibitor of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase pump (SERCA), but unlike thapsigargin, artemisinin blocks only the SERCA3 isoform. Inhibition of SERCA3 by artemisinin was irreversible and was inhibited by iron chelation, suggesting iron-catalysed alkylation of a specific cysteine residue in SERCA3 as the mechanism by which artemisinin inhibits immune cell motility. In murine infection models, artemisinin potently suppressed immune cell invasion into both peritoneum and lung in vivo and inhibited the release of cytokines/chemokines and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This work suggests that artemisinin may have value as a therapy in conditions such as sepsis and Covid-19 in which over-activation of the innate immune system causes tissue injury that can lead to death.
Applying the Omaha System to Determine Health Problems Among Child Workers: Example from a Suburb of Istanbul
Authors: Ornek Ozlem Koseoglu , Kolac Nurcan , ozdemir Saadet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Education has important effects on the physical and psychosocial development of children. However, a high rate of children worldwide engaged in child labour, and a majority of them deprived of formal education opportunities due to work. Work conditions have a multifaceted, negative effect on children's health and quality of life. In this context, it was aimed to determine the physiological, psychosocial, and health-related behaviours, as well as the environmental problems of migrant and non-migrant child workers in lower-secondary schools in using the Omaha System Problem Classification Scheme, and to examine related factors. Method: This is descriptive-correlational and observational study. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method. The study population comprised migrant and non-migrant child workers from two lower-secondary schools in suburb of Istanbul. Descriptive Characteristics Assessment Form and Nightingale Notes Software based on the terminology of the Omaha System were used for data collection.Results: The participants were 81 child workers aged 10–13 years, 86% of them were male. 12% of them were migrant from Syria. 85% worked to contribute their family income. The most common health problems were mental health, neglect, income, oral health, nutrition, personal care, physical activity, sleep and rest patterns, and neighbourhood/workplace safety. There was an association between mental health problems and family health status; between individual health status and oral health as well as role change; between maternal education level and oral health as well as personal care and between nutrition and paternal education level (p<.05).Conclusion: The Omaha system was found suitable for determining health problems of migrant and non-migrant juvenile labour. However, it is necessary to prevent poverty, develop the understanding of the social state, and comply with legal norms. We recommend that researchers examine the health of child workers in long-term and mixed-method observational studies.
Serological evidence of zoonotic filovirus exposure among bushmeat hunters in Guinea
Authors: Carroll Miles 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Recent human Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks caused by persistent EBOV infection raised questions on the role of zoonotic spillover in filovirus epidemiology. To characterise potential historical filovirus zoonotic exposure, we collected cross-sectional serum samples from bushmeat hunters (n = 498) in Macenta Prefecture Guinea, adjacent to the index site of the 2013 EBOV-Makona spillover event. We identified distinct immune signatures (20/498, 4.0%) to multiple EBOV antigens (GP, NP, VP40) using a stepwise ELISA and Western blot analysis and, live EBOV neutralisation (5/20; 25%). Using comparative serological data from PCR-confirmed survivors of the 2013–2016 EBOV outbreak, we demonstrated that most signatures (15/20) were not plausibly explained by prior EBOV-Makona exposure. Subsequent data-driven modelling of EBOV immunological outcomes to remote-sensing environmental data also revealed consistent associations with intact closed canopy forest. Together our findings suggest past exposure to other closely related filoviruses prior to the 2013–2016 west African epidemic and highlight future surveillance priorities.
Utility of 3D printed models in acetabular fracture teaching for Orthopaedic trainees
Authors: Goyal Saumitra , Chua Chen Xi Kasia , Chen Yongsheng , Murphy Diarmuid , O’Neill Gavin Kane 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the utility of 3-D printed models of acetabular fractures as a teaching and assessment tool compared to conventional lecture based teaching among orthopaedic trainees. MethodsThis was randomised prospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital setting which was consisted of 16 Orthopaedic residents. Ten different cases of acetabular fracture patterns were identified and printed as 3-D models. Baseline knowledge of acetabular fracture classification and surgical approach was determined by an x-ray based pre-test. Trainees were then randomly assigned into two groups. Group I received only lectures. Group II were additionally provided with 3-D printed models during the lecture. Participants then received a post-test and were assessed for comprehension and retention of teaching. ResultsSixteen trainees participated in the trial. Both Group 1 and Group 2 improved post teaching with mean score of 2.5 and 1.9 to 4.4 and 6 out of 10 respectively. Post test score for fracture classification and surgical approach were significantly higher for 3-D model group (p<0.05). Trainees felt physical characteristics of the 3-D models were good representation of acetabular fracture configuration, and should be used routinely for teaching and surgical planning. Conclusion3-D printed model of real clinical cases have significant educational impact compared to lecture based learning in improving young trainees understanding of complex acetabular fractures.
Intention to be screened following presentation of benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: a study of women’s views in 5 European countries
Authors: Ritchie David , Hal Guido Van , Broucke Stephan Van den 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to understand whether being informed about the awareness of benefits and harms of mammography screening impacts on the intention to be screened for breast cancer.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of women from five countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) was performed in January 2021. The survey contained items to measure cognitive variables from the theory of planned behaviour and health belief model and included the 6-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q6). ResultsA total of 1180 participants responded to the survey. 19.5% of participants (n=230) were able to correctly identify that mammography screening carries both benefits and harms. 56.9% of participants (n=672) responded that they would be more likely to participate in screening in the future after being informed about the benefits and harms of mammography screening. ConclusionsThe presentation of simple but accurate information about the benefits and harms of participation in mammography screening to women did not negatively impact upon intention to be screened. Screening programme managers should not be discouraged by the assumption of decreased participation through increasing efforts to address the lack of knowledge on benefits and harms.