bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout and Disengagement in Pathology: A Prepandemic Survey of Pathologists and Laboratory Professionals
Authors: Smith Stephen M. , Liauw Daniel , Dupee David , Barbieri Andrea L. , Olson Kristine , Parkash Vinita 
Published: October 2022

Context.—
Despite widely prevalent burnout and attendant disengagement in medicine, the specific patterns and drivers within pathology and laboratory medicine are uncommonly studied.

Objective.—
To assess the prevalence and drivers of burnout among pathology and laboratory medicine professionals, retrospectively, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design.—
This was a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study engaging pathology and laboratory medicine professionals as subjects.

Results.—
Of 2363 respondents, 438 identified as pathologists, 111 as pathology assistants, and 911 as pathology and laboratory professionals. The burnout rate was 58.4% (1380 of 2363) across all respondents in pathology and laboratory medicine. Burnout varied by job role (P &lt; .01) and was highest among pathology and laboratory professionals. Disparities in burnout rate were observed by race. Fifty-six percent (1323 of 2363) of respondents felt that they had at least 1 symptom of burnout and were advancing toward a breaking point. Underlying factors ranked highly among all groups included control over workload and loss of meaning in work.

Conclusions.—
Data provided from this cohort may help departments create successful strategies to reduce disengagement and burnout in the laboratory, especially during periods of increased stress as experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, these data may serve as a baseline comparison for future studies.
Notch signaling functions in noncanonical juxtacrine manner in platelets to amplify thrombogenicity
Authors: Chaurasia Susheel N , Ekhlak Mohammad , Kushwaha Geeta , Singh Vipin , Mallick Ram L , Dash Debabrata 
Published: October 2022

Background:Notch signaling dictates cell fate decisions in mammalian cells including megakaryocytes. Existence of functional Notch signaling in enucleate platelets remains elusive.Methods:Transcripts/peptides of Notch1 and Delta-like ligand (DLL)–4 were detected in platelets isolated from human blood by RT-qPCR, Western analysis and flow cytometry. Platelet aggregation, granule secretion and platelet-leukocyte interaction were analyzed by lumi-aggregometry and flow cytometry. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles were documented with Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer. Platelet thrombus on immobilized collagen was quantified using microfluidics platform. Intracellular calcium was monitored by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Whole blood coagulation was studied by thromboelastography. Ferric chloride-induced mouse mesenteric arteriolar thrombosis was imaged by intravital microscopy.Results:We demonstrate expression of Notch1, its ligand DLL-4 and their respective transcripts in human platelets. Synthesis and surface translocation of Notch1 and DLL-4 were upregulated by thrombin. DLL-4, in turn, instigated neighbouring platelets to switch to ‘activated’ phenotype through cleavage of Notch receptor and release of its intracellular domain (NICD), which was averted by inhibition of γ-secretase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Inhibition of Notch signaling, too, restrained agonist-induced platelet activation, and significantly impaired arterial thrombosis in mice. Strikingly, prevention of DLL-4-Notch1 interaction by a blocking antibody abolished platelet aggregation and extracellular vesicle shedding induced by thrombin.Conclusions:Our study presents compelling evidence in support of non-canonical juxtacrine Notch signaling within platelet aggregates that synergizes with physiological agonists to generate occlusive intramural thrombi. Thus, Notch pathway can be a potential anti-platelet/anti-thrombotic therapeutic target.Funding:Research was supported by grants received by DD from JC Bose Fellowship (JCB/2017/000029), ICMR (71/4/2018-BMS/CAR), DBT (BT/PR-20645/BRB/10/1541/2016) and SERB (EMR/2015/000583). SNC, ME and VS are recipients of ICMR-Scientist-C, CSIR-SRF and UGC-SRF support, respectively. Funders had no role in design, analysis and reporting of study.
Does treating proximal cavities in primary molars non-restoratively affect intra-arch space and alignment of successor teeth negatively? A 4-year longitudinal study
Authors: Gomide Rafael T. , Frencken Jo E. , Faber Jorge , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie 
Published: October 2022

Background
Removing plaque with toothbrush and toothpaste from proximal cavities in primary molars without restoring them follows sound cariological principles. But does this treatment affect space for and alignment of their permanent successors negatively?

Hypothesis
There is no difference in impaction and displacement of the premolars, as well as in the D+E space in quadrants with three different statuses of the proximal surface of primary molars over a 4-year period.

Methods
A total of 936 quadrants (466 maxillary and 470 mandibular quadrants) in 233 children were assessed. Treatment of cavities in the proximal surfaces of the primary molars consisted of amalgam and ART restorations using high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement, and cleaning of open large- and medium-sized cavities with toothbrush and toothpaste (UCT) under supervision for 220 days per year over 3 years. Dental casts were made at baseline, and after two, three, and 4 years. The D+E spaces were measured digitally. Status of the proximal surface of the primary molars was assessed by two calibrated examiners, and quadrants were grouped into normal anatomy, defective restoration, and proximal cavity. ANCOVA, ANOVA and LSD tests were applied.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference between groups (p <= 0.001) and between evaluation times (p < 0.001), for the D+E space in both the maxilla and mandible. A sex difference related to the D+E space in the maxilla was found (p = 0.007). For boys, quadrants in the maxilla of the group ‘proximal cavity’ showed a significant shorter D+E space when compared to quadrants of the group ‘normal anatomy’ at the 3- and 4-year evaluation time. For girls the difference between the two groups was only present at the 3-year evaluation time. There was no significant difference between the D+E space in quadrants with defective restorations and those with normal anatomy in the mandible and in the maxilla. Displacement and impaction of the premolars showed no significant difference between groups.

Conclusion
Primary molars with open proximal cavities that are cleaned with toothbrush and toothpaste do not result in displacement and impaction of the successor teeth, neither do primary molars with defective restorations in proximal tooth surfaces.
Effect of chronic unpredicted mild stress-induced depression on clopidogrel pharmacokinetics in rats
Authors: Jiang Xueyao , Wu Jing , Tan Boyu , Yan Sulan , Deng Nan , Wei Hongyan 
Published: October 2022

Background
Clopidogrel is widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, disturbance in the expression and activity of liver cytochrome metabolic enzymes significantly changes clopidogrel efficacy. Therefore, the effect of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression on the expression of liver cytochrome metabolic enzymes and clopidogrel pharmacokinetics in rats were explored.

Methods
Nine different CUMSs were selected to establish a rat model of depression. Open field experiment and sucrose preference test were applied to explore the depressive behaviors. The concentration of serotonin in the cortex of depressed rats was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All rats were given 10 mg/kg clopidogrel orally after 12 weeks, and blood samples were collected at different time points. The clopidogrel concentration and CYP2C19/ CYP2C9 activity in rat liver microsomes were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The rat liver drug enzymes expression was determined by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR).

Results
Open field experiment and sucrose preference test indicated the successful construction of the CUMS-induced depression model. The concentration of serotonin in the cortex of depressed rats decreased by 42.56% (∗∗p < 0.01). The area under the curve of clopidogrel pharmacokinetics decreased by 33.13% (∗p < 0.05) in the depression rats, while distribution volume and clearance increased significantly (∗∗p < 0.01). The half-time and distribution volume did not significantly differ. The CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 activity of liver microsomes in the CUMS-induced depression group were significantly higher than that in the control group (∗∗p < 0.01). CYP2C11 and CYP1A2 mRNA expression up-regulated approximately 1.3 - fold in the depressed rat livers compared with that in the control, whereas that of CYP2C13 was down-regulated by 27.43% (∗∗p < 0.01). CYP3A1 and CYP2C12 expression were slightly up-regulated, and that of CES1 did not change.

Conclusions
These results indicated that CUMS-induced depression altered clopidogrel pharmacokinetics, and the change in CYP450 activity and expression in depressed rat livers might contribute to the disturbance of clopidogrel pharmacokinetics.
Effects of quarantine on Physical Activity prevalence in Italian Adults: a pilot study
Authors: Mauro Mario , Toselli Stefania , Bonazzi Silvia , Grigoletto Alessia , Cataldi Stefania , Greco Gianpiero , Maietta Latessa Pasqualino 
Published: October 2022

Background
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that caused a global pandemic status in March 2020. Due to its fast diffusion, many governments adopted forced solutions including social restrictions, which could negatively affect citizens’ habits as physical activity. Our study aimed to investigate how and why the physical activity prevalence varied from the period before the quarantine up to the period after it, and understand what citizens thought of physical inactivity COVID-19 related to and whether they were satisfied with physical activity promotion during the lockdown.

Methods
A new questionnaire was created and administered online. A sample of 749 interviews (female = 552 (73.7%), male = 197 (26.3%)) was collected and analysed.

Results
The prevalence of people who were older than 50 years reduced both during and after the lockdown (P < 0.05) and the most common reason for which they have quitted physical activity practice was related to psychological problems (lockdown = 64.57%; post-lockdown = 62.17%). In addition, youngers seemed to be more sensitive than elders to unhealthy consequences generated by forced isolation (P < 0.05), and they believed that children/adolescents and older adults practised an insufficient amount of physical activity and/or sport, which could negatively impact public health.

Conclusions
Although many strategies were implemented during the lockdown to promote regular physical activity practice, several results suggested that quarantine negatively affected citizens’ habits. The future government should focus on adequate measures to improve health behaviours.
Association between clinical oral health status and perceived oral health in different age groups
Authors: Fahim Ayesha , Mahmood Rizwan , Haider Irsam , Luqman Mamoona , Ikhlaq Ifra , Mahmood Tariq , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: October 2022

Objective
The perceived oral health refers to the very own perception of a person’s oral health (OH). This study aims to explore the association of perceived oral health status (PSR-OHS) with clinically determined OHS in three age groups: young adults, adults and older adults. This study also aims to identify demographic, socio-economic and/or clinical factors that influence PSR-OHS.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten different dental hospitals of Pakistan. The one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze patient’s demographic distribution with PSR-OHS and oral functions. The complex sample general linear model was used to determine association between clinical OH and PSR-OHS. Analyses of each age group were conducted separately.

Results
A total of 1,804 outdoor patients participated in the study, out of which 660 were young adults, 685 adults and 459 were older adults. Overall self-perception of all age groups about their oral health was ‘good’ (mean = 3.71). Female gender and education status were a significant factor in young adults and adults. Family income affected PSR-OHS of only the adult age group. Frequent visit to dental clinic and preventive reason of dental attendance were associated with good PSR-OHS. DMFT score, prosthesis score and periodontal score also affected the PSR-OHS of individuals. Association between PSR-OHS and clinical examination was confirmed by complex general linear model.

Conclusion
There are differences in the perceived oral health status of young adults, adults and older adults. The variables, age, education, family income, DMFT score, prosthesis score and periodontal score directly influence the self-perception of individuals.
Epicardial adipose tissue thickness assessed by CT is a marker of atrial fibrillation in stroke patients
Authors: Edsen Fabian , Habib Pardes , Matz Oliver , Nikoubashman Omid , Wiesmann Martin , Frick Michael , Marx Nikolaus , Schulz Jörg B. , Reich Arno , Pinho João 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpicardial adipose tissue is involved in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to analyze its relevance as a stroke etiology marker. A retrospective study of acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion was conducted, periatrial epicardial adipose tissue thickness (pEATT) on admission computed tomography angiography was measured. One hundred and twenty‐one patients with AF‐related stroke and 94 patients with noncardioembolic stroke were included. Patients with AF‐related stroke had increased pEATT. CT‐measured left‐sided pEATT was an independent predictor of AF‐related stroke (adjusted odds ratio per 1 mm increase = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.05–1.53, p = 0.012). pEATT is an independent marker of AF‐related stroke.
Cancer‐Selective Supramolecular Chemotherapy by Disassembly‐Assembly Approach
Authors: Jeena M. T. , Jin Seongeon , Jeong Keunsoo , Cho Yuri , Kim Jin Chul , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Lee Seokyoung , Hwang Suk‐Won , Kwak Sang Kyu , Kim Sehoon , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntramitochondrial supramolecular assembly can be a new therapeutic strategy for treating cancer because mitochondria are the key for virtually all facets of the tumorigenesis. However, the in vivo applications of mitochondria‐targeting molecules are limited due to the positive charge and hydrophobicity that should be possessed by these molecules to penetrate the mitochondrial membrane, which may induce nonspecific serum protein interactions and normal cell accumulation. Herein, a stimuli‐responsive mitochondria‐targeting molecule, Mito‐SA that forms nano‐sized micelles under physiological conditions is presented. In the aggregated state, the succinic amide bonds in Mito‐SA are cleaved in response to tumoral pH by stabilizing the transition state through the intermolecular interactions and the micelle disassembles into a mitochondria‐targeting parent molecule, Mito‐FF. The Mito‐FF accumulate inside cancer mitochondria to induce cell death by intra‐mitochondrial self‐assembly into fiber structures. This tumoral stimuli‐responsive disassembly–assembly approach will provide insight to develop mitochondria targeted supramolecular anticancer agent with high tumoral specificity.
Tradeoff between Intermolecular Interaction and Backbone Disorder by High Molecular Dipole Block for Improving Blend Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Tongyan , Liao Chentong , Duan Yuwei , Xu Xiaopeng , Deng Min , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConstructing terpolymer has attracted increasing attention as a strategy to improve the performance of polymer solar cell. Terpolymer usually offers an opportunity to lower the frontier molecular orbital energy level, introduces additional absorption band and sometimes optimizes the morphology of the active blend. Generally, the additional segment in terpolymer backbone inevitably introduces backbone disorder, which causes entropy rises. However, selecting a suitable dipole unit introduces extra driving forces for crystallization by enhancing intermolecular interactions. This provides a handy knob for tradeoff between intermolecular interaction and backbone disorder, thus regulating the blend morphology. Herein, a high dipole and electron‐deficient group of pyrrolo[3,4‐f]benzotriazole‐5,7(6H)‐dione (TzBI) is incorporated into the high‐performance donor polymer and a series of terpolymers with different content of TzBI are designed. As expected, the morphology is optimized gradually for improving charge generation and charge transport, also suppressing charge recombination. The champion device with 10% TzBI exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.36%, which is 5% increase compared to the controlled device. This study presents a charming terpolymer strategy by highly electron‐deficient and high dipole segment to realize a tradeoff between intermolecular interaction and backbone disorder, facilitating the optimization of morphology and elevation of fill factor and device efficiency.
Brain‐Targeting Metastatic Tumor Cell Membrane Cloaked Biomimetic Nanomedicines Mediate Potent Chemodynamic and RNAi Combinational Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Dongya , Sun Yajing , Wang Shiyu , Zou Yan , Zheng Meng , Shi Bingyang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe complex genetic heterogeneity of glioblastoma (GBM) together with the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) renders GBM essentially incurable. In this paper, a brain‐targeting metastatic tumor cell membrane cloaked biomimetic nanomedicine that potently induces cascade chemodynamic and RNA interference (RNAi) is developed for combinational GBM therapy. The designed nanomedicines are constructed from metastatic melanoma cell membrane, charge‐conversional middle layer, and siRNA complexed polyethyleneimine xanthate (PEX). PEX chelates the abundant copper ions in tumor cells and then reacts with intracellular glutathione (GSH), resulting in GSH depletion and the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+, followed by reacting with H2O2 and producing •OH via Fenton‐like reaction. Interestingly, the acidic conditions in endo/lysosomes accelerate siRNA release, inducing potent gene silencing of the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), lead to multiple molecular cascades that readily induces GBM cell apoptosis. The results also demonstrate that this nanomedicine exhibits efficient BBB penetration via decreasing the tightness and interacting with the adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. More importantly, improved therapeutic efficacy with extended survival rates are achieved in both local melanoma and orthotopic GBM tumor models, suggesting that the chemodynamic and gene combinatorial therapy mediated by the biomimetic nanomedicines shows promising potential in treating GBM and brain metastases.
Oral Supramolecular Adsorbent for Preventing Chemo‐Induced Gastrointestinal Mucositis and Microbial Dysbiosis and for Enhancing Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Tian Meng , Fan Dongyue , Liu Zhen , Mu Xin , Tao Qianqian , Yu Chunyang , Zhang Shiyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe addition of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to cytotoxic chemotherapy has emerged as the first‐line treatment for multiple cancers. Paradoxically, cytotoxic chemotherapy may limit the therapeutic potential of ICB by significantly impairing the largest immune organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and driving gut microbial dysbiosis. Here, an orally administered polymeric adsorbent containing a supramolecular motif (named SPORA‐SN9) is reported, which can selectively remove chemotherapeutics from the GI tract, thereby preventing chemotherapy‐induced GI mucositis and microbial dysbiosis and providing better chemoimmunotherapy synergy. By theoretical design and experimental screening of the molecular recognition motifs, SPORA‐SN9 exhibits superior complexation capacity for doxorubicin and irinotecan and high selectivity over a range of commonly used combinational medications. In mouse models of chemotherapy‐induced GI mucositis, SPORA‐SN9 protects the integrity of the GI tissues and the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. Finally, the addition of SPORA‐SN9 enhances the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in tumor‐bearing mice. SPORA‐SN9 offers a translational approach for supramolecular chemistry to modulate complex biosystems by selectively removing target substrates from the GI tract.
Quasi‐Homojunction Organic Nonfullerene Photovoltaics Featuring Fundamentals Distinct from Bulk Heterojunctions
Authors: Wang Yifan , Price Michael B. , Bobba Raja Sekhar , Lu Heng , Xue Jingwei , Wang Yilin , Li Mengyang , Ilina Aleksandra , Hume Paul A. , Jia Boyu , Li Tengfei , Zhang Yuchen , Davis Nathaniel J. L. K. , Tang Zheng , Ma Wei , Qiao Quinn , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn contrast to classical bulk heterojunction (BHJ) in organic solar cells (OSCs), the quasi‐homojunction (QHJ) with extremely low donor content (≤10 wt.%) is unusual and generally yields much lower device efficiency. Here, representative polymer donors and nonfullerene acceptors are selected to fabricate QHJ OSCs, and a complete picture for the operation mechanisms of high‐efficiency QHJ devices is illustrated. PTB7‐Th:Y6 QHJ devices at donor:acceptor (D:A) ratios of 1:8 or 1:20 can achieve 95% or 64% of the efficiency obtained from its BHJ counterpart at the optimal D:A ratio of 1:1.2, respectively, whereas QHJ devices with other donors or acceptors suffer from rapid roll‐off of efficiency when the donors are diluted. Through device physics and photophysics analyses, it is observed that a large portion of free charges can be intrinsically generated in the neat Y6 domains rather than at the D/A interface. Y6 also serves as an ambipolar transport channel, so that hole transport as also mainly through Y6 phase. The key role of PTB7‐Th is primarily to reduce charge recombination, likely assisted by enhancing quadrupolar fields within Y6 itself, rather than the previously thought principal roles of light absorption, exciton splitting, and hole transport.
Overcoming the Outcoupling Limit of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Artificially Formed Nanostructures
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Chen Jia , Gu Lianghui , Huang Zongming , Ma Pingchuan , Zhang Yihan , Liu Hui , Zhou Hongmin , Wang Nana , Wang Jianpu , Xiao Zhengguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe external quantum efficiency (EQE) of state‐of‐the‐art planar‐structure perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is mainly limited by the outcoupling efficiency, which is around 20% and decreases significantly with the perovskite thickness. Here, an approach to artificially form textured perovskite films to boost the outcoupling limit of the PeLEDs is reported. By manipulating the dwell time of antisolvents, the perovskite phase precipitation mechanism, film‐forming process, and surface texture can be finely controlled. The film surface roughness can be tuned from 15.3 to 241 nm, with haze increasing accordingly from 6% to >90% for films with an average thickness of 1.5 µm. The light outcoupling limit increases accordingly from 11.7% for the flat PeLEDs to 26.5% for the textured PeLEDs due to photon scattering at the interface. Consequently, the EQE is boosted significantly from around 10% to 20.5% with an extraordinarily thick emissive layer of 1.5 µm. This study provides a novel way of forming light‐extraction nanostructures for perovskite optoelectronic devices.