bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal and Physiological Breakdown in Six Cranberry Cultivars Following Water Harvesting and Cold Storage
Authors: Stretch A. W. , Ceponis M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars, (water harvested under New Jersey growing conditions) were evaluated for their suitability for fresh market sale. Fruit were hand-picked and water-reel picked, held in the bog flood water for 0-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 24-hr periods, and then stored for 12 weeks at 3°C. After an additional 4 days at 21° storage the fruit were evaluated for fungal fruit rot and physiological breakdown (PB). ‘Franklin’, ‘Pilgrim’, and ‘Stevens’ were superior to ‘Early Black’ and ‘Wilcox’ as measured by occurrence of rot and PB. Water immersion time had a greater influence on PB than on rot. As time in the water increased, the percentage of fruit manifesting PB increased, with ‘Ben Lear’ developing the least and ‘Early Black’ and ‘Wilcox’ the most PB.
Reduction of Bitter Pit of Apples with Phorone
Authors: Scott K. J. , Wills R. B. H. , Yuen C. M. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phorone reduced bitter pit of apples during 4 seasons. The degree of control varied between cultivars and seasons. The study was carried out in 3 Australian states and New Zealand and involved ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’, and ‘Twenty Ounce’. The apples were held in sealed or unsealed polyethylene bags, and the chemical was placed in small containers among the fruit or was injected into the core. Phorone was as effective in reducing bitter pit as a postharvest dip in 4% (w/w) calcium chloride, but it sometimes induced an off flavor. Chemical names used: 2,6-dimethyl-2-5-heptadien-4-one (phorone).
Variation in Cyathia Abscission of Poinsettia Cultivars in a Greenhouse and a Simulated Postharvest Environment
Authors: Miller Steven H. , Heins R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differences in cyathia abscission of poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) ‘Annette Hegg Dark Red’ (Dark Red), ‘Annette Hegg Lady’ (Lady), ‘Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond’ (Brilliant), ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ (V-14), and ‘Mikkel Triumph’ were evaluated chronologically based both on the number of days after the start of short days and on the number of days after anthesis. Seventy days after the start of short days, ‘V-14’ had the least abscission of the tested cultivars in the greenhouse or postharvest environment, while ‘Lady’ had the greatest abscission. In contrast, 7 days after anthesis, ‘V-14’ had the greatest abscission in the postharvest environment while ‘Brilliant’ and ‘Dark Red’ had the least abscission. The difference in ‘V-14’ ranking between evaluation method was due to ‘V-14’ reaching anthesis 7-10 days later than the other cultivars. Abscission was greater in the postharvest environment than in the greenhouse, probably due to the reduced photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels in the postharvest environment (5.1 mol·d−1·m−2 PPF in the greenhouse compared to 0.29 mol·d−1·m−2 PPF in the postharvest environment).
Effect of Paclobutrazol on the Vegetative Growth, Yield, Quality, and Winterhardiness of Buds of ‘Concord’ Grape
Authors: Ahmedullah M. , Kawakami A. , Sandidge C. R. , Wample R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrazol, trunk-applied at 3 stages of vine growth, reduced the shoot length of Vitis labruscana Bailey ‘Concord’ vines. Budbreak was delayed by 3-5 days in treated vines compared to controls. There was no effect of treatments on pruning weight, fruit quality, and midwinter cold hardiness of buds. Chemical names used: β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Cold Injury Susceptibility of Pecan as Influenced by Cultivar, Carbohydrates, and Crop Load
Authors: Wood Bruce W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exposure of 13-year-old trees of several pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivars to severe cold in the winters of 1983-84 and 1984-85 resulted in the death of several healthy bearing trees of alternate-bearing cultivars (‘Chickasaw’, ‘Cheyenne’, ‘Cherokee’, and ‘Shoshoni’), while less tree death occurred in moderately bearing and relatively minor alternate-bearing cultivars (‘Cape Fear’ and ‘Desirable’). ‘Chickasaw’ trees entering winter after bearing a heavy nut crop the previous season experienced greater tree death and reduced midwinter trunk tissue levels of starch, sugars, and K than did trees with a light nut crop the previous season. The increased susceptibility of heavily bearing trees, especially of alternate-bearing cultivars, to extreme winter cold may be due to the effect of heavy fruiting on tree reserves and subsequent cold acclimation.
Host Plant Traits Associated with Estimates of Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean
Authors: Rosas Juan C. , Bliss Fredrick A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the relationships among plant growth traits; ratios of dry weights among nodules, roots, and shoots; and traits associated with N2-fixation potential of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The dry weights of plant parts and the traits associated with N2-fixation differed among the 10 lines studied. A visual nodulation score used to evaluate N2-fixation potential was correlated positively with nodule dry weight, acetylene reduction (AR) value, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight for plants grown under both greenhouse and field conditions. AR values, nodule dry weight, and visual nodule scores of plants grown in the greenhouse were correlated positively with the respective figures obtained for field-grown plants. These methods of evaluation can be used to discriminate among lines for N2-fixation potential.
Influence of Simulated Shipping on the Interior Performance of Poinsettias
Authors: Nell Terril A. , Barrett James E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Gutbier V-10 Amy’ (‘Amy’) poinsettia lost more leaves and cyathia after simulated shipping at different temperatures (4°, 16°, or 24°C) and 30 days under interior conditions than ‘Annette Hegg Dark Red’ (‘AHDR’) plants. ‘Amy’ and ‘AHDR’ plants lost a large number of leaves when shipped for more than 4 days at 24°. ‘Amy’ quality was reduced when shipped at 4° due to chilling injury (white lesions on bracts). Bracts less than 2.5 cm long were most sensitive to this injury.
Rapid Regeneration of Plants from Hypocotyl Protoplasts and Root Segments of Cabbage
Authors: Lillo C. , Shahin E. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Protoplasts are suitable for use in mutation breeding programs. Furthermore, the prospects of overcoming sexual crossing barriers and transferring cytoplasmic traits, such as cytoplasmic male sterility and herbicide resistance, justifies work with protoplasts. However, an efficient procedure for regeneration of plants is a prerequisite for any further use of protoplasts. Regeneration of plants from roots is of interest as a method for micropropagation and in experiments where Agrobacterium rhizogenes is used for introducing new genes into plants (3). We report here a method for rapid regeneration of plants from cabbage hypocotyl protoplasts and from root segments.
The Effect of Agar vs. Liquid Medium on Rooting in Tissue-cultured Sweetgum
Authors: Lee Ni , Wetzstein Hazel Y. , Sommer Harry E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is increasingly evident that the concentration and type of matrix used in nutrient media can profoundly influence the response of tissues cultured in vitro. Picea abies shoot cultures exhibited increased dry weight yields (4) and increased shoot growth (9) with decreasing agar concentrations. Singha (5) compared shoot proliferation of crabapple and pear in Phytagar concentrations ranging from 0% to 1.2%. Optimal proliferation and growth occurred in crabapple on 0.3% agar, with higher concentrations decreasing these growth characteristics. In pear, increasing agar concentration also decreased shoot growth, but shoot proliferation was greatest at 0.6% or higher agar concentrations. Rooting has been promoted without or with lower agar concentrations in grape (1), Norway spruce (9), and apple (10). However, vitrification (glassiness or waterlogging) has been shown to increase with lower agar concentrations (9) and limits the use of liquid culture in some species.
Carnation Plantlets from Vitrified Plants as a Source of Somaclonal Variation
Authors: Leshem B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Organ cultures of carnations have been used as a source of virus-free plants (14) and for rapid vegetative propagation through adventitious shoot formation (1, 4, 12). The use of apical meristems has assumed that the new carnation plants remain true to type (10). Some cultured shoot tips develop abnormally as translucent plantlets with short stems and thick, fragile leaves. This phenomenon has been observed in various species and is referred to as “vitrification” (3, 7). These stunted, bushy succulent plants are commonly found in carnation cultures (5, 6, 8, 9, 15, 18) and have been suggested for the propagation and maintenance of pathogenfree carnation tissue under aseptic conditions (5).
‘Wautoma’ Cucumber
Authors: Peterson C. E. , Staub J. E. , Palmer M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Wautoma’ (Fig. 1), a multiple-disease resistance, monoecious-processing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) inbred, was released 19 Feb. 1984 by the USDA. Currently available monoecious varieties are not suitable for blending with some of the new hybrids that have multiple-disease resistance and bitter-free fruits. ‘Wautoma’ is recommended for use as a pollinator to blend with seed of multiple-disease resistant hybrids, and as a pollen parent in hybrid development. In 1983 and 1984, it was tested in observational and processing trials under breeding line number WI 1902M.
‘Carolina Cayenne’ Pepper
Authors: Fery R. L. , Dukes P. D. , Ogle W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Carolina Cayenne’ pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has been released by the USDA and Clemson Univ. as a replacement for ‘Carolina Hot’, a widely adapted home garden and commercial cultivar that was released by Clemson Univ. in 1954 (2). The major attribute of the new cultivar is its exceptionally high level of resistance to southern root knot, a major root disease of pepper caused by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. ‘Carolina Hot’ exhibits a variable reaction to M. incognita, and results of field trials indicate that this parasite can reduce the marketable fruit yield of susceptible ‘Carolina Hot’ plants by as much as 87.5% (1).
Wisconsin 5207G Cucumber Breeding Population
Authors: Peterson C. E. , Staub J. E. , Crubaugh Linda , Palmer Mary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) population, Wisconsin 5207G (WI 5207G), was released in Dec. 1984 by the ARS/USDA and the Univ. of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. It was made available to U.S. cucumber breeders to supply a source from which they may extract multiple disease resistant (MDR) lines with fruit and vine characteristics suitable for field and greenhouse production.
Gamma Irradiation—A Quarantine Treatment for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables?
Authors: Sommer Noel F. , Mitchell F. Gordon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The multibillion-dollar United States fresh fruit and vegetable industries are under threat because of actual or potential quarantines that may be imposed within hours or days if any one of many insect pests are introduced (40; P.V. Vail, personal communication). California, Florida, Texas, and Hawaii are particularly vulnerable because their climates are favorable for fruit fly species, and important shares of their produce enter into interstate and international trade. The 1980-82 California infestation by the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), was eradicated. The Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), is currently being fought in Florida and the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), poses a problem in Texas. In Hawaii, 3 fruit flies are endemic. They are the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis (Hend.), the melon fly, Dacus cucurhitae (Coq.), as well as the Mediterranean fruit fly. The Queensland fruit fly, Strumeta tryoni (Froggatt), is endemic in parts of Australia and threatens to become much more widely distributed.
Cultivar Registration of Unassigned Woody Ornamentals
Authors: Huttleston Donald G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Registration of cultivar names of woody ornamental plants in North America (exclusive of roses, fruits, and nuts) began in 1948 under the auspices of the American Association of Nurserymen (AAN). In 1959, Arnold Arboretum assumed responsibility for the registration of woody ornamental cultivars that had not been assigned to other registration authorities. In 1980, the International Society for Horticultural Science appointed the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA) as North American Coordinator for the International Registration Authority for cultivar names of unassigned woody ornamentals and for National Registration authorities in the United States and Canada. Arnold Arboretum (1959–1980), the U.S. National Arboretum (1981-1984), and Longwood Gardens (1984–present) have served as International Registration Authorities for cultivar names of unassigned woody ornamentals.
Growth and Nutritional Status of Petunia and Tomato Seedlings with Acidified Irrigation Water
Authors: Bailey Douglas A. , Hammer P. Allen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Champion’ and Petunia hybrida Vilm. ‘Snow Cloud’ were irrigated with either nonacidified solution (0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 ml) of 75% H3PO4·liter−1; or 0.11, 0.20, or 0.26 ml of 46.5% H2SO4·liter−1. Germination was not affected by acidification, yet seedling growth was enhanced for both species. Growing medium and plant shoots were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content. Although nutrient levels were affected by acidification, no nutrient deficiency or phytotoxicity due to irrigation water acidification was evident.
Influence of Sweet Potato Plant Residue on Growth of Sweet Potato Vine Cuttings and Cowpea Plants
Authors: Walker D. W. , Jenkins D. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Possible allelopathic effects of decaying sweet potato plant residue on sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] and cowpea [Vigna unquiculata (L.) Walp.] growth were assessed. Residue treatments consisted of factorial combinations of 2 sweet potato cultivars (‘Jewel’ or ‘Centennial’), 2 plant parts (vines or storage roots), and 2 methods of tissue preparation–dried, or frozen and then dried. Ground sweet potato residues were mixed with sand [2.7% residue (w/w)] and placed in pots. Dry weights of ‘Jewel’ sweet potato plant shoots 57 days after planting were reduced 32% and 74% by vine and storage root residues, respectively, while dry weights of ‘Centennial’ sweet potato plant shoots were reduced 18% and 73%, respectively. Dried vine tissue had no apparent inhibitory effect, but vines frozen prior to drying reduced fresh and dry weights of ‘Centennial’ shoots. Dry weights of ‘Brown crowder’ cowpea plant shoots were reduced 79% and 91% by sweet potato vine and storage root residues, respectively. Nodulation of cowpeas grown in residue-amended pots was negligible compared to plants grown in pure sand. Leachate pH from pots containing sweet potato root residue was 1.4 and 2 pH units lower than that from nonamended pots with both sweet potato cultivars and cowpeas, respectively.
Influence of Daminozide, Gibberellic Acid, and Ethephon on Flowering, Shoot Growth, and Yield of Ginger
Authors: Furutani Sheldon C. , Nagao Mike A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe cv. Chinese) were treated with 3 weekly foliar sprays of GA3 at 0, 1.44, and 2.88 mM; ethephon at 0, 3.46, and 6.92 mM; or daminozide at 0, 3.13, and 6.26 mM to evaluate their effects on flowering, shoot emergence, and rhizome yield. GA3 inhibited flowering and shoot emergence, while ethephon and daminozide had no effect on flowering but promoted shoot emergence. Rhizome yields were increased with daminozide and decreased with GA3 and ethephon. Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA3); (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).
Effect of Transplant Age and Pruning Procedure on Yield and Fruit-set of Bell Pepper
Authors: McCraw B. Dean , Greig J. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1976, pruning and transplanting at 11 weeks increased the number of early marketable fruit from all cultivars compared to 11-week, nonpruned plants and plants transplanted at 8 weeks, whether pruned or not. Eight-week, nonpruned plants produced larger fruits than 11-week plants in early season regardless of cultivar. Effect of transplant treatments on fruit-set varied with cultivar. The greatest fruit-set was on 8-week, nonpruned ‘Bell Boy’ transplants and the least on 8-week, nonpruned ‘Emerald Giant’ transplants. Eleven-week-old transplants generally set more fruit than 8-week transplants, regardless of cultivar.
Some Factors Affecting Leaf Zinc Concentration of Apple Seedlings Grown in Nutrient Solution
Authors: Neilsen G. H. , Hogue E. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zinc-deficiency symptoms and relatively low mid-terminal leaf Zn concentrations were observed in apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘McIntosh’) grown in a minus-Zn Long Ashton solution comprised of reagent grade but unpurified chemicals. Leaf Zn concentration increased as the initial concentration of added Zn increased through the range 0 to 4 μm. Zinc was highest in seedlings grown in solutions with both high Zn and high P concentrations. High leaf P concentrations were associated with inadequate Zn nutrition.
Influence of Soil pH on Soil Nutrients, Leaf Elements, and Yield of Young Rabbiteye Blueberries
Authors: Austin Max E. , Gaines T. Powell , Moss Robert E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade) are generally vigorous and adaptable to a wide range of soil textures. Reduced growth and yield are associated with high soil pH in most instances. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the relationship between soil pH of a sandy clay loam soil and growth yield of 2 rabbiteye cultivars. Yields of ‘Delite’ and ‘Tifblue’ were decreased with increasing pH from 5.1 to 6.3. ‘Delite’ plants had good observed growth and foliage color at soil pH 5.0 to 5.5. Observed growth appeared to decrease and chlorosis increase with increasing pH up to 6.5 Growth of ‘Tifblue’ differed little among the soil pH treatments, because all plants were slightly to severely chlorotic. Higher yields were obtained from ‘Tifblue’ than from ‘Delite’.
Growth and Nutrition of Pecan Seedlings from Potassium Phosphate Foliar Sprays
Authors: Sparks Darrell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Response from foliar-applied P (0.0%, 0.50%, 0.75%, or 1.00% P from KH2PO4) was compared to that from root-supplied P (Hoagland's solution) in pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] seedlings. Compared with no applied P, foliar-applied P suppressed or prevented P deficiency symptoms; increased the P concentration in the leaf, trunk, and root; and increased tree growth. However, P in all 3 organs and growth of plants treated with foliar sprays were less than for plants with root-supplied P. Furthermore, P sprays eventually produced leaf scorch. Compared to root-supplied P, omitting P affected N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Na, and Al in the plant. These imbalances induced by P deficiency were only partially alleviated by foliar-applied P.
Christmas Tree Production Using the Runoff Farming System
Authors: Fink Dwayne H. , Ehrler William L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Runoff farming was used to produce Eldarica pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) and Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica Green) as Christmas trees in a semiarid, 300-mm precipitation zone in Arizona. Natural precipitation was supplemented with runoff from treated, noncropped catchment-terraces adjoining the cropping area. Catchement treatments were wax (0.5 kg·m−2) on a sandy soil and sodium chloride salt (1.1 kg·m−2) on a clay soil. Terrace widths were varied to provide the crop an estimated 2, 3, and 4 times the precipitation. Trees were hand-watered from March to August the first year to ensure establishment. Regardless of terrace width, 90% of the cypress on the wax site were marketable in 3 years, and 90% of the pines on the salt site were marketable in 4 years. The other 2 tree-treatment combinations were less successful because of soil-species interrelated problems.
Comparative Effects of Ancymidol and Paclobutrazol on Easter Lily
Authors: Gianfagna T. J. , Wulster G. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Nellie White’ Easter lilies were treated with either ancymidol or paclobutrazol as a soil drench (1, 2.5, or 5 mg·pot−1) or as a foliar spray (5 mg·plant−1). Ancymidol significantly retarded plant height at all concentrations and for both methods of application. In addition, ancymidol, at 5 mg·pot−1 soil drench, increased days to anthesis. Paclobutrazol did not retard height in this cultivar; in fact, the 2 lower rates increased height slightly and decreased days to anthesis. Plant height of ‘Ace’ Easter lilies was reduced by paclobutrazol treatments (5,10, or 20 mg·pot−1 soil drench). This cultivar, however, was also more sensitive to ancymidol treatment than ‘Nellie White’. Rates >1 mg ancymidol excessively retarded plant height. Paclobutrazol appears to have limited potential as a growth retardant for Easter lily. Although it must be used in higher amounts than ancymidol to control stem growth, it provides commercially acceptable height retardation over a wider range of treatment rates. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-[4-methoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); and β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Changes in Ethylene, Acids, and Brown-core Development of ‘Bartlett’ Pears in Low-oxygen Storage
Authors: Yoshida T. , Borgic D. M. , Chen P. M. , Mielke E. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene production of ‘Bartlett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) was suppressed by 1 % O2 during storage at − 1°C. Elevated CO2 concentrations further suppressed ethylene production. Organic acids were retained at higher levels in fruits stored in 1% O2 than in those stored in air, and elevated CO2 concentrations in 1% O2-enhanced acid retention. Both malic and citric acids decreased linearly during 8 days of ripening at 20° regardless of previous storage conditions. The suppression of ethylene production and the retention of organic acids implied a beneficial effect of elevated CO2 in storage of ‘Bartlett’ pears at 1% O2. Fruit stored in 1% O2 at −1° for 4 months developed brown-core regardless of CO2 levels in the storage, but the incidence of the disorder was enhanced when CO2 level in the storage was ≥2%. This preliminary study indicated that ‘Bartlett’ pears grown in the Hood River district of Oregon could be stored at −1° for 4 months in 1% O2 with CO2 at <1.5% with a minimum risk of brown-core development.
Bulk Storage of Mechanically Harvested Strawberries for Processing
Authors: Smith Richard B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mechanically harvested fruit of the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Veeglow destined for processing can be stored at 1°C in bulk bins for 4 to 6 days if room-cooled, and for 6 to 8 days if forced-air cooled promptly after harvest, without appreciable loss due to rot development or of quality of processed product. Yields of puree from fresh fruit mechanically harvested on day 8 of the storage trial were lower than for fruit that had been forced-air cooled and stored at 0° for 8 days. Sulfur dioxide fumigation immediately after cooling reduced losses due to rot and lowered mold counts, particularly when the fruit was room cooled.