bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upscaling Hydrological Processes for Land Surface Models With a Two‐Hydrologic‐Variable Model: Application to the Little Washita Watershed
Authors: Picourlat Fanny , Mouche Emmanuel , Mügler Claude 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLand Surface Models (LSMs) are key components of Earth System Models, which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change relies on in many of their studies. However, these models either neglect or oversimplify basin‐scale hydrological processes that produce the land surface water balance. Bringing the dominant physical processes from the local scale up to the LSMs presents a significant challenge for improving the models. This article presents an upscaling (or bottom‐up) approach to identify the basin‐scale driving variables that need to be exported into LSMs. The approach is developed on the Little Washita Watershed (OK, USA) using 20‐year hydrology (1993–2013). A physically based 3D model built with HydroGeoSphere first produces a reference simulation. An equivalent hillslope model is then able to capture both 3D simulated water balance and local water table dynamics with reasonable accuracy. The physical analysis of the water balance in the different hillslope compartments leads to the identification of two driving variables: seepage face extension and water table slope. The two variables are then implemented in a conceptual model. Results show a good capacity of this model to capture the water balance of hillslopes having different lengths and slopes. Moreover, the model is able to capture the water balance of the reference simulation with reasonable accuracy. The proposed approach thus reduces the 3D watershed model to a two‐variable conceptual model that constitutes a basis for developing an improved LSM hydrology.
Relationship Between Lightning, Precipitation, and Environmental Characteristics at Mid‐/High Latitudes From a GLM and GPM Perspective
Authors: Heuscher Lena , Liu Chuntao , Gatlin Patrick , Petersen Walter A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study applies new satellite datasets and methodologies to build on previous research exploring the physical relationship between lightning and precipitation in mid‐/high latitudes. Specifically, 3 years of Geostationary Lightning Mapper and Global Precipitation Measurement Mission core satellite coincident observations are examined to investigate relationships between lightning flash rate and microwave characteristics of convective precipitation features (cPFs) over the Americas and surrounding oceans between ±50° latitude. Mid‐/high latitude cPFs with lightning are characterized by colder temperatures of maximum 30 dBz echo top height and a smaller range of microwave brightness temperatures when compared to the tropics. Brightness temperature characteristics of electrically active cPFs are highly correlated to radar‐diagnosed ice mass and largely insensitive to synoptic‐scale proxies for convective strength and organization. Low flash density cPFs tend to be more sensitive to synoptic‐scale instability and shear than high flash density cPFs. Regional differences in the environmental forcing and characteristics of electrically active cPFs are shown. For example, the elevated terrain surrounding the Amazon River Basin is characterized by stronger vertical updrafts indicated by higher values of normalized CAPE while the La Plata River Basin is characterized by both stronger updrafts and higher values of radar‐diagnosed ice water mass.
Strong Dynamics in Tidal Marsh DOC Export in Response to Natural Cycles and Episodic Events From Continuous Monitoring
Authors: Menendez Alana , Tzortziou Maria , Neale Patrick , Megonigal Patrick , Powers Leanne , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Gonsior Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of tidal wetlands as hotspots for carbon and nutrient exchange with adjacent waters has been well documented, but large uncertainties remain regarding the physical and biogeochemical controls on these fluxes, which have significant implications for coastal carbon cycling and budgets. This study elucidates the variability in lateral wetland dissolved organic (DOC) fluxes tidally, seasonally, and during extreme weather events for a brackish wetland within a sub‐estuary of the northwestern Chesapeake Bay, USA. Continuous fluxes from the wetland‐draining tidal creek were calculated based on DOC concentrations ([DOC]) estimated using optical and physicochemical properties measured in situ with concurrent water flow data. Mean export was found to be 8.59 (±1.20) kg C (n = 1,128) tidal cycle−1 and annual flux from the wetland to sub‐estuary was 200.66 (±28.09) g C m−2 yr−1. Peaks in DOC flux were associated with Hurricane Joaquin in 2015, where just two tidal cycles accounted for ∼5% of annual export. Analysis of tidal creek water quality measurements reveal seasonal and tidal dependencies. Highest [DOC] and largest low versus high tide differences were observed in summer, corresponding to more fresh plant biomass and its mobilization, consistent with results from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Despite summer highs in tidal creek [DOC], monthly DOC fluxes were greatest in early fall due to higher water flows. The annual flux presented here is higher than fluxes previously reported for this system, highlighting the importance of continuous measurements for monitoring carbon export under a wide range of environmental conditions.
Experiencing social exclusion changes gut microbiota composition
Authors: Kim Chong-Su , Shin Go-Eun , Cheong Yunju , Shin Ji‑Hee , Shin Dong-Mi , Chun Woo Young 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGut microbiota is suggested to regulate the host’s mental health via the gut-brain axis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the microbiome and psychological pain due to social exclusion. Adult individuals with (n = 14) and without (n = 25) social exclusion experience were assessed for the psychological status using self-reported questionnaires: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics. The exclusion group had a 1.70-fold higher total BAI score and 2.16-fold higher levels of anxiety-related physical symptoms (p < 0.05). The gut microbial profiles also differed between the two groups. The exclusion group showed higher probability of having Prevotella-enriched microbiome (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.65–2.75; p < 0.05), a significantly reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium spp. (p < 0.05) which was associated with the duration and intensity of social exclusion (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that the psychological pain due to social exclusion is correlated with the gut microbiota composition, suggesting that targeting social exclusion-related microorganisms can be a new approach to solving psychological problems and related social issues.
Selective cell cycle arrest in glioblastoma cell lines by quantum molecular resonance alone or in combination with temozolomide
Authors: Catanzaro Daniela , Milani Gloria , Bozza Angela , Bernardi Martina , Chieregato Katia , Menarin Martina , Merlo Anna , Celli Paola , Belli Romina , Peroni Daniele , Pozzato Alessandro , Pozzato Gianantonio , Raneri Fabio Angelo , Volpin Lorenzo , Ruggeri Marco , Astori Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, characterised by high proliferation rates and cell invasiveness. Despite advances in surgery and radio-chemotherapy, patients continue to have poor prognoses, with a survival rate of 14–15 months. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Non-ionising electromagnetic fields represent an emerging option given the potential advantages of safety, low toxicity and the possibility to be combined with other therapies.

Methods
Here, the anticancer activity of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) was investigated. For this purpose, three glioblastoma cell lines were tested, and the QMR effect was evaluated on cancer cell proliferation rate and aggressiveness. To clarify the QMR mechanism of action, the proteomic asset after stimulation was delineated. Mesenchymal stromal cells and astrocytes were used as healthy controls.

Results
QMR affected cancer cell proliferation, inducing a significant arrest of cell cycle progression and reducing cancer tumorigenicity. These parameters were not altered in healthy control cells. Proteomic analysis suggested that QMR acts not only on DNA replication but also on the machinery involved in the mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Moreover, in a combined therapy assessment, QMR significantly enhanced temozolomide efficacy.

Conclusions
QMR technology appears to be a promising tool for glioblastoma treatment.
Obtaining long-term stage-specific relative survival estimates in the presence of incomplete historical stage information
Authors: Stannard Rachael , Lambert Paul C. , Andersson Therese M.-L. , Rutherford Mark J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Completeness of recording for cancer stage at diagnosis is often historically poor in cancer registries, making it challenging to provide long-term stage-specific survival estimates. Stage-specific survival differences are driven by differences in short-term prognosis, meaning estimated survival metrics using period analysis are unlikely to be sensitive to imputed historical stage data.

Methods
We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program for lung, colon and breast cancer. To represent missing data patterns in less complete registry data, we artificially inflated the proportion of missing stage information conditional on stage at diagnosis and calendar year of diagnosis. Period analysis was applied and missing stage at diagnosis information was imputed under four different conditions to emulate extreme imputed stage distributions.

Results
We fit a flexible parametric model for each cancer stage on the excess hazard scale and the differences in stage-specific marginal relative survival were assessed. Estimates were also obtained from non-parametric approaches for validation. There was little difference between the 10-year stage-specific marginal relative survival estimates, regardless of the assumed historical stage distribution.

Conclusions
When conducting a period analysis, multiple imputation can be used to obtain stage-specific long-term estimates of relative survival, even when the historical stage information is largely incomplete.
Recent insights into the effects of metabolism on breast cancer cell dormancy
Authors: Bartlome Sara , Berry Catherine Cecilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) remains the most common cancer, as well as the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide [1]. Approximately 30% of patients with early-stage BC experience metastasis or a recurrent form of the disease [2]. The phenomenon of BC dormancy, where metastasised cancer cells remain in a quiescent phase at their disseminated location and for unknown reasons can become actively proliferative again, further adds to BC’s clinical burden with treatment at this secondary stage typically proving futile. An emerging avenue of research focuses on the metabolic properties of dormant BC cells (BCCs) and potential metabolic changes causing BCCs to enter/exit their quiescent state. Here we explore several studies that have uncovered changes in carbon metabolism underlying a dormant state, with conflicting studies uncovering shifts towards both glycolysis and/or oxidative phosphorylation. This review highlights that the metabolic states/shifts of dormant BCCs seem to be dependent on different BC subtypes and receptor status; however, more work needs to be done to fully map these differences. Building on the research that this review outlines could provide new personalised therapeutic possibilities for BC patients.
Talking about Risk, UncertaintieS of Testing IN Genetics (TRUSTING): development and evaluation of an educational programme for healthcare professionals about BRCA1 & BRCA2 testing
Authors: Fallowfield Lesley , Solis-Trapala Ivonne , Starkings Rachel , May Shirley , Matthews Lucy , Eccles Diana , Evans D. Gareth , Turnbull Clare , Crawford Gillian , Jenkins Valerie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Mainstreaming of germline testing demands that all healthcare professionals have good communication skills, but few have genetic testing and counselling experience. We developed and evaluated educational workshops—Talking about Risk & UncertaintieS of Testing IN Genetics (TRUSTING). Contents included: presentations and exercises, an interview with a geneticist about BRCA testing, screening and prevention implications, filmed interactions between surgeons, a genetic counsellor and geneticists with a fictitious family (proband had a BRCA2 pathogenic variant with triple-negative breast cancer, her older sister—BRCA2 heterozygous, and cousin—negative for BRCA2 variant).

Methods
Twenty-one surgeons, 5 oncologists, 18 nurses and 9 genetic counsellors participated. Knowledge (18 item MCQ), communication skills (responses to 6 questions from proband and relatives) and self-confidence (discussing 9 genetic testing issues) were assessed pre- and post workshop.

Results
Knowledge scores improved significantly post workshop (mean change = 7.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.37–7.74; P < 0.001), as did communication (mean change = 5.38; 95% CI 4.37–6.38; P < 0.001) and self-confidence (P < 0.001).

Discussion
Healthcare professionals’ knowledge and self-confidence when discussing the risks and uncertainties in genetics are often poor. TRUSTING workshops significantly enhanced attendees’ navigation of communication difficulties encountered and will be rolled out more widely.
Use of anti-androgenic 5α-reductase inhibitors and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancer by histological type and anatomical sub-site
Authors: Rabbani Sirus , Santoni Giola , Lagergren Jesper , Xie Shao-Hua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate if anti-androgenic medications 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) decrease the risk of developing oesophageal and gastric tumours, analysed by histological type and anatomical sub-site.

Methods
A Swedish population-based cohort study between 2005 and 2018 where men using 5-ARIs were considered exposed. For each exposed participant, ten male age-matched non-users of 5-ARIs (non-exposed) were included. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, calendar year, smoking, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/aspirin use, and statins use. Further adjustments were made depending on the tumour analysed.

Results
The cohort included 191,156 users of 5-ARIs and 1,911,560 non-users. Overall, the use of 5-ARIs was not associated with any statistically significantly reduced risk of oesophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma (adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.82–1.02) or gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (adjusted HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80–1.02). However, the use of 5-ARIs indicated a decreased risk of oesophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma among obese or diabetic participants (adjusted HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39–0.80) and a reduced risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (adjusted HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.37–0.65).

Conclusion
Users of 5-ARIs may have a decreased risk of developing oesophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma among those obese or diabetic, and a decreased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Steering decision making by terminology: oligometastatic versus argometastatic
Authors: Szturz Petr , Vermorken Jan B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAllowing selected patients with few distant metastases to undergo potentially curative local ablation, the designation “oligometastatic” has become a widely popular concept in oncology. However, accumulating evidence suggests that many of these patients harbour an unrecognised microscopic disease, leading either to the continuous development of new metastases or to an overt polymetastatic state and questioning thus an indiscriminate use of potentially harmful local ablation. In this paper, reviewing data on oligometastatic disease, we advocate the importance of identifying a true oligometastatic disease, characterised by a slow speed of development, instead of relying solely on a low number of lesions as the term “oligometastatic” implies. This is particularly relevant in clinical practice, where terminology has been shown to influence decision making. To define a true oligometastatic disease in the context of its still elusive biology and interaction with the immune system, we propose using clinical criteria. As discussed further in the paper, these criteria can be classified into three categories involving a low probability of occult metastases, low tumour growth rate and low tumour burden. Such cases with slow tumour-cell shedding and slow proliferation leave a sufficiently broad window-of-opportunity to detect and treat accessible lesions, increasing thus the odds of a cure.
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer management
Authors: Liao Yihao , Zhou Diansheng , Wang Pu , Yang Mengyue , Jiang Ning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUbiquitination is a critical biological process in post-translational modification of proteins and involves multiple signaling pathways in protein metabolism, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell-cycle progression, and cancer development. Deubiquitinase, a specific enzyme that regulates the ubiquitination process, is also thought to be closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers. In this article, we systematically review the emerging role of the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) in many cancer-related pathways. The results show that USP11 promotes or inhibits the progression and chemoresistance of different cancers, including colorectal, breast, ovarian, and hepatocellular carcinomas, via deubiquitinating several critical proteins of cancer-related pathways. We initially summarize the role of USP11 in different cancers and further discuss the possibility of USP11 as a therapeutic strategy.
Sialylated glycan-modulated biomimetic ion nanochannels driven by carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions
Authors: Xiao Jie , Lu Wenqi , Zhang Yahui , Li Minmin , Li Mingyang , Xiong Yuting , Tang Mingliang , Qin Haijuan , Zhu Zhichao , Qing Guangyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIon channels play key roles in regulating the ion environment inside and outside the cell. Sialylated glycans (SGs) at the terminus of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) are abundant and directly control the switch of VGICs, while SGs on the cell surface are also closely related to virus infection, tumor growth, and metastasis. Here, we report a biomimetic ion nanochannel device that can be precisely regulated by SG. The nanochannel device is composed of a chemically etched polyethylene terephthalate film featuring conical nanochannels and a polyethyleneimine-g-malcopyranoside (abbreviated to Mal-PEI). Maltose, core-binding units in Mal-PEI, forms multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions with SG, which triggers globule-to-coil transition of the polymer chain and blocks transmembrane ion transport, resulting in a remarkable decrease in the ionic current of the nanochannel. Based on the changes in the ionic current, this device can precisely discriminate α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialyllactose, as well as SGs and neutral saccharides. Importantly, the nanochannel device can monitor the sialylation process of lactose catalyzed by α2,6-sialyltransferase in real time, showing its good potential in enzyme activity determination and in vitro enzyme identification. This work constructs an SG-modulated nanochannel with selective and smart ion-gating behavior, exhibiting unique advantages in SG responsiveness and enzymatic activity monitoring.
Three-dimensional photonic topological insulator without spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Wang Zihao , Yang Yihao , Teo Hau Tian , Rho Junsuk , Zhang Baile 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpin–orbit coupling, a fundamental mechanism underlying topological insulators, has been introduced to construct the latter’s photonic analogs, or photonic topological insulators (PTIs). However, the intrinsic lack of electronic spin in photonic systems leads to various imperfections in emulating the behaviors of topological insulators. For example, in the recently demonstrated three-dimensional (3D) PTI, the topological surface states emerge, not on the surface of a single crystal as in a 3D topological insulator, but along an internal domain wall between two PTIs. Here, by fully abolishing spin–orbit coupling, we design and demonstrate a 3D PTI whose topological surface states are self-guided on its surface, without extra confinement by another PTI or any other cladding. The topological phase follows the original Fu’s model for the topological crystalline insulator without spin–orbit coupling. Unlike conventional linear Dirac cones, a unique quadratic dispersion of topological surface states is directly observed with microwave measurement. Our work opens routes to the topological manipulation of photons at the outer surface of photonic bandgap materials.
Bifurcation drives the evolution of assembly-line biosynthesis
Authors: Booth Thomas J. , Bozhüyük Kenan A. J. , Liston Jonathon D. , Batey Sibyl F. D. , Lacey Ernest , Wilkinson Barrie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReprogramming biosynthetic assembly-lines is a topic of intense interest. This is unsurprising as the scaffolds of most antibiotics in current clinical use are produced by such pathways. The modular nature of assembly-lines provides a direct relationship between the sequence of enzymatic domains and the chemical structure of the product, but rational reprogramming efforts have been met with limited success. To gain greater insight into the design process, we wanted to examine how Nature creates assembly-lines and searched for biosynthetic pathways that might represent evolutionary transitions. By examining the biosynthesis of the anti-tubercular wollamides, we uncover how whole gene duplication and neofunctionalization can result in pathway bifurcation. We show that, in the case of the wollamide biosynthesis, neofunctionalization is initiated by intragenomic recombination. This pathway bifurcation leads to redundancy, providing the genetic robustness required to enable large structural changes during the evolution of antibiotic structures. Should the new product be non-functional, gene loss can restore the original genotype. However, if the new product confers an advantage, depreciation and eventual loss of the original gene creates a new linear pathway. This provides the blind watchmaker equivalent to the design, build, test cycle of synthetic biology.
A global lipid map reveals host dependency factors conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Farley Scotland E. , Kyle Jennifer E. , Leier Hans C. , Bramer Lisa M. , Weinstein Jules B. , Bates Timothy A. , Lee Joon-Yong , Metz Thomas O. , Schultz Carsten , Tafesse Fikadu G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of host dependency factors for SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive. Here, we map alterations in host lipids following SARS-CoV-2 infection using nontargeted lipidomics. We find that SARS-CoV-2 rewires host lipid metabolism, significantly altering hundreds of lipid species to effectively establish infection. We correlate these changes with viral protein activity by transfecting human cells with each viral protein and performing lipidomics. We find that lipid droplet plasticity is a key feature of infection and that viral propagation can be blocked by small-molecule glycerolipid biosynthesis inhibitors. We find that this inhibition was effective against the main variants of concern (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta), indicating that glycerolipid biosynthesis is a conserved host dependency factor that supports this evolving virus.