bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput seminal fluid identification by automated immunoaffinity mass spectrometry
Authors: Davidovics Rachel , Saw Yih Ling , Brown Catherine O. , Prinz Mechthild , McKiernan Heather E. , Danielson Phillip B. , Legg Kevin M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe identification of semen during a criminal investigation may be a critical component in the prosecution of a sexual assault. Commonly employed enzymatic and affinity‐based methods for detection lack specificity, are time‐consuming, and only provide a presumptive indication that semen is present where microscopic visualization is unable to meet the throughput demands. Contrary to traditional approaches, protein mass spectrometry provides true confirmatory results, but multiday sample preparation and nanoflow sample separation requirements have limited the practical applicability of these approaches. Aiming at streamlining sexual assault screening by mass spectrometry, the work here coupled a 60‐minute rapid tryptic digestion, semenogelin‐II peptide affinity purification on an Agilent AssayMap Bravo automation platform, and a 3‐minute targeted LC‐MS/MS method on an Agilent 6495 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode for detecting semenogelin‐II peptides in sexual assault samples. The developed assay was assessed using casework‐type samples and was successful in detecting trace levels (0.0001 μl) of semen recovered from both cotton and vaginal swabs, as well as semen recovered from vaginal swabs during menses or adulterated with personal lubricants. This work represents a promising technique for high‐throughput seminal fluid identification in sexual assault‐type samples by mass spectrometry.
Theß‐ketoadipate pathway ofAcinetobacter baumanniiis involved in complement resistance and affects resistance against aromatic antibiotics
Authors: Breisch Jennifer , Huber Lisa Sophie , Kraiczy Peter , Hubloher Josephine , Averhoff Beate 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAcinetobacter baumanniican thrive on a broad range of substrates such as sugars, alcohols, lipids, amino acids and aromatic compounds. The latter three are abundant in the human host and are potential candidates as carbon sources for the metabolic adaptation ofA.baumanniito the human host. In this study we determined the biodegradative activities ofA.baumanniiAYE with monocyclic aromatic compounds. Deletion of genes encoding the key enzymes of theß‐ketoadipate pathway, the protocatechuate‐3,4‐dioxygenase (ΔpcaHG) and the catechol‐1,2‐dioxygenase (ΔcatA), led to a complete loss of growth on benzoate andp‐hydroxybenzoate, suggesting that these substrates are metabolized via the two distinct branches (pcaandcat) of this pathway. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of these gene products in host adaptation by analyzing the capability of the mutants to resist complement‐mediated killing. These studies revealed that the mutants exhibit a decreased complement resistance, but a dramatic increase in survival in normal human serum in the presence ofp‐hydroxybenzoate or protocatechuate. These results indicate that theß‐ketoadipate pathway plays a role in adaptation ofA.baumanniito the human host. Moreover, the single and double mutants exhibited increased antibiotic resistances indicating a link between the two dioxygenases and antibiotic resistance.
An association study on imputed whole‐genome resequencing from high‐throughput sequencing data for body traits in crossbred pigs
Authors: Li Cong , Duan Dongdong , Xue Yahui , Han Xuelei , Wang Kejun , Qiao Ruimin , Li Xiu‐Ling , Li Xin‐Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBody traits are important economic factors in the pig industry. Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied using high‐density genotype data to detect QTL in pigs. The aim of the present study was to detect the genetic variants significantly associated with body traits in crossbred pigs using the Illumina Porcine SNP50 BeadChip and imputed whole‐genome sequence data. A set of seven body traits – body length, body height, chest circumference, cannon bone circumference, leg buttock circumference, back fat thickness and loin muscle depth – were measured. Moderate to high heritabilities were obtained for most traits (from 0.14 to 0.46), and significant genetic and phenotypic correlations among them were observed. GWAS identified 714 significantly associated SNPs located at 39 regions on all autosomes for body traits, and a total of seven functionally related candidate genes: PIK3CD, HOXA, PCGF2, CHST11, COL2A1, BMI1 and OSR2. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that candidate genes were enriched in the estrogen signaling pathway, embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis and embryonic skeletal system development. These results aim to uncover the genetic mechanisms underlying body development and marker‐assisted selection programs focusing on body traits in pigs.
A population survey of sympatric cheirogaleids in southwestern Madagascar
Authors: Martin Luke D. , Rowe Amanda K. , Nomenjanahary Eva S. , Ridgway Zachary M. , Wright Patricia C. , Deppe Anja M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZombitse‐Vohibasia National Park harbours a species‐rich but understudied lemur community in southwestern Madagascar. Local population estimates are dated or absent for its four sympatric species of Cheirogaleidae: the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), Coquerel's giant mouse lemur (Mirza coquereli), fat‐tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) and pale fork‐marked lemur (Phaner pallescens). To provide local density and encounter rate estimates for these cheirogaleids, we conducted line transect surveys in the Zombitse sector of the National Park over a three‐week period in December 2018–January 2019. We calculated densities of 37.4 Mir. coquereliindividuals/km2(95% CI = 20.4–68.6) and 230.8C. mediusindividuals/km2(95% CI = 172.6–308.6). Our results highlight the conservation importance of Zombitse‐Vohibasia as a stronghold for these restricted and threatened species. The sample sizes forMic. murinusandP. pallescenswere insufficient for generating population estimates. Considering thatMicrocebusspp. are typically amongst the most abundant mammals at a given site, further studies are needed to investigate and verify this apparent scarcity.
Crossing Over: An International Student’s Experiences and Musings in Recent Times
Authors: Kefen Budji Ivoline 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis work of creative nonfiction questions what some of my labels— international, foreign, black, student—mean, especially during moments of societal upheaval. Based on my own experience, the autoethnographic story recounts the experiences, observations, and thoughts regarding the journey and identity of an African female student studying anthropology in the present‐day United States. Commencing from the visa interview process in the student’s country of origin, the story moves to her arrival in the US and ends with the realities of living in a foreign country in recent times. The narration is further situated within the context of immigration law, the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, ethnic/racial tensions as exemplified by the otherizing of people of Asian descent due to COVID‐19, and the Black Lives Matter protests following the death of George Floyd. Within this space, the student becomes a creature of hierarchically intersecting worlds, where the opportunity of getting the best of these worlds contrasts with the uncertainty of belonging to any of them.
Dual pandemics of COVID‐19 and systemic racism: The roles of perceptions of inequities, civic values, and conservatism in mask‐wearing behavior
Authors: Wegemer Christopher M. , von Keyserlingk Luise 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmid unprecedented political polarization, the United States continues to grapple with the simultaneous crises of COVID‐19 and systemic racism. We examine potential predictors of COVID‐19 mask wearing at the intersection of these crises, with particular attention to the behavior of conservatives and young people, who have resisted compliance with efforts to contain the spread of COVID‐19. Specifically, we investigate perceptions of racial/ethnic inequities in the healthcare system and civic values as predictors of COVID‐19 mask‐wearing frequency and potential moderators of the relationship between political orientation and COVID‐19 mask‐wearing frequency. Diverse college students at a university in southern California participated in our longitudinal survey, which was initiated prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic (N = 431). We found that perceptions of inequities and civic values predicted mask wearing, whereas political conservatism was negatively related to mask wearing. Further, conservative participants were more likely to wear masks if they reported greater perceptions of inequities. Our results provide a foundation for future research that may inform targeted public health interventions aimed at encouraging responsible COVID‐19 behavior and fostering dialogue on systemic equities in a contentious political environment.
Responding to women experiencing domestic and family violence during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Exploring experiences and impacts of remote service delivery in Australia
Authors: Pfitzner Naomi , Fitz‐Gibbon Kate , Meyer Silke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 health pandemic has increased women's vulnerability to all forms of domestic and family violence (DFV). In the first weeks of March 2020, most Australian states and territories, like many other jurisdictions, entered into a period of government‐directed restrictions including stay‐at‐home orders, physical distancing limitations and closure of a significant number of community services. With more people confined to their homes, the risk of DFV increased at the same time as access to support services was reduced. In this article, we present the findings of two surveys conducted in the Australian states of Victoria and Queensland to explore the professional experiences of practitioners supporting women experiencing violence during the pandemic. Our analysis offers new insights into the ways in which practitioners pivoted their services to respond remotely to women experiencing violence and the challenges of effectively undertaking safety planning and risk assessment without face‐to‐face contact. The second half of this article examines the implications of remote service delivery on practitioner mental health and well‐being. The findings have global relevance and reveal the critical need to prioritize well‐being supports for DFV practitioners in crisis response plans.
Genetic risk of hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients associated with antihypertensive drug therapy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Yunyun , Zhong Yixuan , Li Jian , Kong Tao , Zhang Shuyuan , Yang Shujun , Wu Cunjin , Cui Bing , Fu Li , Hui Rutai , Zhang Weili 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElevated serum uric acid (UA) level has been shown to be influenced by multiple genetic variants, but it remains uncertain how UA‐associated variants differ in their influence on hyperuricemia risk in people taking antihypertensive drugs. We examined a total of 43 UA‐related variants at 29 genes in 1840 patients with hypertension from a community‐based longitudinal cohort during a median 2.25‐year follow‐up (including 1031 participants with normal UA, 440 prevalent hyperuricemia at baseline, and 369 new‐onset hyperuricemia). Compared with the wild‐type genotypes, patients carrying the SLC2A9 rs3775948G allele or the rs13129697G allele had decreased risk of hyperuricemia, while patients carrying the SLC2A9 rs11722228T allele had increased risk of hyperuricemia, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and correction for multiple comparisons; moreover, these associations were modified by the use of diuretics, β‐blockers, or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The rs10821905A allele of A1CF gene was associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia, and this risk was enhanced by diuretics use. The studied variants were not observed to confer risk for incident cardiovascular events during the follow‐up. In conclusion, the genes SLC2A9 and A1CF may serve as potential genetic markers for hyperuricemia risk in relation to antihypertensive drugs therapy in Chinese hypertensive patients.
An investigation into the impact of government austerity measures on school‐based approaches to adolescent neglect in England
Authors: Patel Bejal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis research examines the role of secondary schools in safeguarding adolescents experiencing neglect that does not meet the threshold for social care intervention. Six semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Designated and Deputy Designated Safeguarding Leads (DSLs) in secondary schools in South East England. Findings show that adolescents experiencing neglect were disproportionately impacted by public sector funding cuts. Length and breadth of DSLs' in‐service experience is found to be connected with the development of proactive school‐based preventative interventions. While interviews were conducted prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, discussion reflects on the impact of the pandemic and school closures.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of anal motor and rectal sensory dysfunction in male and female patients undergoing anorectal manometry for symptoms of faecal incontinence
Authors: Rasijeff Annika M. P. , García‐Zermeño Karla , Di Tanna Gian‐Luca , Remes‐Troche José , Knowles Charles H. , Scott Mark S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimManometry is the best established technique to assess anorectal function in faecal incontinence. By systematic review, pooled prevalences of anal hypotonia/hypocontractility and rectal hypersensitivity/hyposensitivity in male and female patients were determined in controlled studies using anorectal manometry.MethodsSearches of MEDLINE and Embase were completed. Screening, data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two reviewers. Meta‐analysis was performed based on a random effects model with heterogeneity evaluated by I2.ResultsOf 2116 identified records, only 13 studies (2981 faecal incontinence patients; 1028 controls) met the inclusion criteria. Anal tone was evaluated in 10 studies and contractility in 11; rectal sensitivity in five. Only three studies had low risk of bias. Pooled prevalence of anal hypotonia was 44% (95% CI 32–56, I2 = 96.35%) in women and 27% (95% CI 14–40, I2 = 94.12%) in men. The pooled prevalence of anal hypocontractility was 69% (95% CI 57–81; I2 = 98.17%) in women and 36% (95% CI 18–53; I2 = 96.77%) in men. Pooled prevalence of rectal hypersensitivity was 10% (95% CI 4–15; I2 = 80.09%) in women and 4% (95% CI 1–7; I2 = 51.25%) in men, whereas hyposensitivity had a pooled prevalence of 7% (95% CI 5–9; I2 = 0.00%) in women compared to 19% (95% CI 15–23; I2 = 0.00%) in men.ConclusionsThe number of appropriately controlled studies of anorectal manometry is small with fewer still at low risk of bias. Results were subject to gender differences, wide confidence intervals and high heterogeneity indicating the need for international collective effort to harmonize practice and reporting to improve certainty of diagnosis.
Helping to save pangolins from extinction
Authors: Choo Siew Woh , Platto Sara , Challender Daniel W.S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPangolins, widely distributed in Asia and Africa, have been described as the most heavily trafficked wild mammals globally. Following the emergence of COVID‐19, researchers suggested that the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) may have been the intermediary host of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a transmission chain from bats to people. Although subsequent studies have shown that this is unlikely, the impact of this association on pangolins is unknown. In this article, we reflect on the potential impacts of this association in the context of critical knowledge gaps that need to be filled to inform pangolin conservation and mitigate the threats the species. face.
Believing that prejudice can change increases children's interest in interracial interactions
Authors: Pauker Kristin , Apfelbaum Evan P. , Dweck Carol S. , Eberhardt Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildren begin interacting less across racial lines around middle childhood, but it remains unclear why. We examine the novel possibility that, at that time, children's prejudice theories—their understanding of prejudice as a fixed or malleable attribute—begin to influence their desire for interracial affiliation. We devise immersive behavioral experiences to evaluate when and how prejudice theories affect interracial affiliation. Study 1 measured prejudice theories among 8–13‐year‐olds (N = 152; 76 White, 76 racial minority) and observed children in a newly‐developed social interaction task. In line with our hypothesis, children older than 10 years with stronger malleable‐prejudice theories exhibited more interest and affiliation in a simulated cross‐ (vs. same‐race) interaction, regardless of their preexisting prejudice level. Study 2 randomly assigned children to listen to a fixed‐ or malleable‐prejudice theory story before engaging in a real, first‐time interaction with a same‐ or cross‐race partner at a different school via live video‐stream (N = 150; 96 White, 54 racial minority). The malleable theory increased children's interest in further interaction with their cross‐race partner. These findings highlight the promise of malleable‐prejudice theories for sustaining positive interracial relationships during a critical developmental window—when the frequency of cross‐race friendships typically declines.
Pre‐heart failure at 2D‐ and 3D‐speckle tracking echocardiography: A comprehensive review
Authors: Singh Ram B. , Sozzi Fabiola B. , Fedacko Jan , Hristova Krasimira , Fatima Ghizal , Pella Daniel , Cornelissen Germaine , Isaza Adrian , Pella Dominik , Singh Jaipaul , Carugo Stefano , Nanda Navin C. , Elkilany Galal E. Nagib 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChronic heart failure (CHF) has different stages and includes pre‐HF (PHF), a state of high risk of developing myocardial dysfunction and advanced CHF. Some major behavioral risk factors of PHF might predispose to biological risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy. These risk factors damage the myocytes leading to fibrosis, apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, along with alterations in cardiomyocyte’ size and shape. A condition of physiological subcellular remodeling resulting into a pathological state might be developed, conducting to PHF. Both PHF and heart failure (HF) are associated with the activation of phospholipases and protease, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and development of intra‐cellular free Ca2+ [Ca2+]i overloading to an elevation in diastolic [Ca2+]i. Simultaneously, cardiac gene expression is activated leading to further molecular, structural and biochemical changes of the myocardium. The sub‐cellular remodeling may be intimately involved in the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. 2D‐ and 3D‐speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have been used to quantify regional alterations of longitudinal strain and area strain, through their polar projection, which permits a further assessment of both sites and degrees of myocardial damage. The examination of strain can identify sub‐clinical cardiac dysfunction or cardiomyocyte remodeling. During remodeling of the myocardium cardiac strain is attenuated, therefore it is an indicator of disease assessment.
The effect of the learning curve on paravalvular aortic regurgitation and mid‐term mortality in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Istrate Mihnea , Dregoesc Mihaela I. , Bolboacă Sorana D. , Botiș Cătălin , Ștef Adrian , Bindea Dan I. , Oprea Alexandru , Trifan Cătălin A. , Moț Ștefan D. C. , Molnar Adrian , Iancu Adrian C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveParavalvular aortic regurgitation is an important independent mortality predictor in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Our study evaluated the association between paravalvular aortic regurgitation and mid‐term mortality in relation with the learning curve, in patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent transfemoral TAVI in the first 3 years since the establishment of the program.MethodsPatients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent transfemoral TAVI between 2017 and 2020 were included in the analysis. Paravalvular aortic regurgitation was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at 48 hours after the procedure. All‐cause mortality was evaluated after 30 days and at mid‐term follow‐up.ResultsParavalvular aortic regurgitation ≥grade II was associated with mid‐term all‐cause mortality (OR 4.4; 95%CI 1.82–11.55; p < 0.001), their prevalence declining after the first 60 cases. Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ in the first 60 patients from the rest of the cohort. Male sex (p = 0.006), advanced age (p = 0.04), coronary artery disease (p = 0.003), or elevated STS Score (p = 0.02) influenced mid‐term survival. When adjusting for the presence of these factors, only age (OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.0–1.2), paravalvular aortic regurgitation ≥grade II (OR 3.9; 95%CI 1.3–12.9), and the number of days spent in the intensive care unit (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.1–1.8) were independent predictors of mid‐term all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsIn a group of patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent transfemoral TAVI in the first 3 years since the establishment of the program, paravalvular aortic regurgitation ≥grade II was associated with mid‐term mortality, both declining after the first 60 cases.
Evidence‐based dentistry: Knowledge, Practice, Confidence and Attitude amongst Malaysian dental undergraduate students: A Multi‐institutional study
Authors: Rath Avita , Wong Li Zheng Melissa , Hesarghatta Ramamurthy Priyadarshini , Sidhu Preena , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , Fernandes Bennete , Termizi Bin Zamzuri Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based dental practice provides patient‐centred, compatible and efficient interventions and forms the basis for health profession education. So far, there is a paucity of data about Malaysian undergraduate dental education and the role of evidence‐based dentistry in it. The current research aimed to study the level of knowledge, attitude, practice and confidence of dental undergraduate students in Malaysia towards evidence‐based dental practice.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included final‐year undergraduate dental students (N = 645) who completed a pre‐tested self‐administered questionnaire that analysed the domains of perceived knowledge, practice, critical appraisal and attitude towards evidence‐based dentistry. We further explored the association between these domains with the type of curriculum, sex, prior research experience and EBD training.ResultsA total of (n = 526) students participated (response rate of 81.55%). About 92% knew about evidence‐based dentistry. Whilst 58% had undergone formal training in evidence‐based dentistry, 90% of the respondents showed an overall positive attitude towards evidence‐based dentistry. However, only 45% of them practised it most of the time. Schools with an integrated curriculum showed more willingness and practised evidence‐based dentistry more frequently (p < 0.001). More than 50% of the participants rated their confidence in appraisal as moderate.ConclusionOur findings revealed that Malaysian dental undergraduate students who are well aware of evidence‐based dentistry displayed a positive attitude towards it. The type of dental curriculum had a significant association with practice and attitude towards evidence‐based dental knowledge and practice.