bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen improves the recovery of maize plants under repeated drought stress
Authors: Maywald Niels Julian , Hernández‐Pridybailo Andrés , Ludewig Uwe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundModern high‐yielding crops, such as maize, are characterized by extensive yield stability across various environments and can cope with repetitive periods of moderate water shortage. However, there is conflicting evidence on how the nutritional status of the plants contributes to stress resilience and whether farmers have management options via nitrogen fertilization.AimsWe aimed at identifying factors relevant for improved growth recovery of maize after repeated water deficit stress (WDS).MethodsA pot experiment with maize and repeated WDS was conducted. Growth and recovery from stress and physiological parameters were measured.ResultsThe growth penalty of juvenile maize plants exposed to a moderate WDS was lost after additional exposure to a 2‐week WDS. Primed plants transiently contained more osmolytes and performed superior in the second recovery phase when nitrogen fertilization was applied directly before the second WDS. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect the osmolyte quantity, and primed plants had transiently higher antioxidant levels, higher reactive oxygen species production and recovered more quickly with N addition.ConclusionsPot experiments suggest that nitrogen fertilization may be an option to improve maize resilience to repeated WDS, a hypothesis that should be tested more rigorously in the field.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques applied for the study of copper and iron wastes from Motya (Italy)
Authors: Bernabale Martina , Montanari Daria , Nigro Lorenzo , Spagnoli Federica , Vaccaro Carmela , Eftekhari Negar , Nicoli Maria , De Vito Caterina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work is the first archaeometric investigation on copper and iron wastes from the Phoenician site of Motya (Sicily, Italy), dating back to the 8thto the 4thcentury BC. The samples were analyzed through micro‐Raman Spectroscopy (μ‐RS), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope‐Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), High‐Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR‐FESEM), and Electron Micro‐Probe Analysis (EMPA). Micro‐Raman techinique permitted to identify both primary phases, for example, calchopyrite, and secondary products such as cuprite and copper thrihydroxychlorides in the Cu‐slags and goethite in the Fe‐slags. SEM and HR‐FESEM imaging showed the occurrence of inhomogeneous microstructures in the Cu‐ and Fe‐slags due to elements segregation, solidification, and corrosion. EMPA data revealed that the archaeometallurgical wastes from Motya can be differentiated on the basis of their chemical compositions. These preliminary results showed different typologies of by‐products, such as base metals speiss, copper slags from smelting sulfide ore with matte, and iron smelting and smithing slags, suggesting different stages of copper and iron productions.
Building local decision‐making competencies during COVID‐19: Accelerating the transition from learning healthcare systems to learning health communities
Authors: Ramaswamy Rohit , Ramaswamy Varun , Holly Margaret , Bartels Sophia , Barach Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe persisting and evolving COVID‐19 pandemic has made apparent that no singular policy of mitigation at a regional, national or global level has achieved satisfactory and universally acceptable results. In the United States, carefully planned and executed pandemic policies have been neither effective nor popular and COVID‐19 risk management decisions have been relegated to individual citizens and communities. In this paper, we argue that a more effective approach is to equip and strengthen community coalitions to becomelocal learning health communities(LLHCs) that use data over time to make adaptive decisions that can optimize the equity and well‐being in their communities.MethodsWe used data from the North Carolina (NC) county and zip code levels from May to August 2020 to demonstrate how a LLHC could use statistical process control (SPC) charts and simple statistical analysis to make local decisions about how to respond to COVID‐19.ResultsWe found many patterns of COVID‐19 progression at the local (county and zip code) levels during the same time period within the state that were completely different from the aggregate NC state level data used for policy making.ConclusionsSystematic approaches to learning from local data to support effective decisions have promise well beyond the current pandemic. These tools can help address other complex public health issues, and advance outcomes and equity. Building this capacity requires investment in data infrastructure and the strengthening of data competencies in community coalitions to better interpret data with limited need for advanced statistical expertise. Additional incentives that build trust, support data transparency, encourage truth‐telling and promote meaningful teamwork are also critical. These must be carefully designed, contextually appropriate and multifaceted to motivate citizens to create and sustain an effective learning system that works for their communities.
High Strength and High Toughness Electrospun Multifibrillar Yarns with Highly Aligned Hierarchy Intended as Anisotropic Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Liao Xiaojian , Jérôme Valérie , Agarwal Seema , Freitag Ruth , Greiner Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers can be effectively used as a surrogate for extracellular matrices (ECMs). However, in the context of cellular mechanobiology, their mechanical performances can be enhanced by using nanofibrous materials with a high level of structural organization. Herein, this work develops multifibrillar yarns with superior mechanical performance based on biocompatible polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as surrogate ECM. Nearly perfect aligned nanofibers along with the axis of the multifibrillar yarn are prepared. These highly aligned yarns exhibit high strength, high toughness, good stress relaxation behavior, and are robust enough for technical or medical applications. Further, this work analyzes the influence of the highly aligned‐hierarchical topological structure of the material on cell proliferation and cell orientation using cells derived from epithelial and connective tissues. Compared to nonoriented electrospun multifibrillar yarns and flat films, the well‐ordered topology in the electrospun PAN multifibrillar yarns triggers an improved proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Fibroblasts acquire an elongated morphology analogous to their behavior in the natural ECM. Hence, this heterogeneous multifibrillar material can be used to restore or reproduce the ECM for tissue engineering applications, notably in the skeletal muscle and tendon.
Design of live broadcast service outsourcing contract considering risk aversion and financial constraints
Authors: Zhou Na , Jia Ke , Song Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAiming at the problem of double information asymmetry in live broadcast service outsourcing, firstly, using the principal‐agent theory, we design an incentive contract based on the live broadcast time and revenue sharing payment. Then, we further consider the risk aversion of the live broadcast company, and study the design of the live broadcast service outsourcing contract when the live broadcast company considers the risk of uncertain sales and has financial constraints. The optimal contract and its influencing factors under double information asymmetry are analyzed. Finally, the relevant conclusions are verified by numerical examples, and management implications are summarized.
Thin Organic‐Inorganic Anti‐Fouling Hybrid‐Films for Microreactor Components
Authors: Neßlinger Vanessa , Welzel Stefan , Rieker Florian , Meinderink Dennis , Nieken Ulrich , Grundmeier Guido 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeposit formation and fouling in reactors for polymer production and processing especially in microreactors is a well‐known phenomenon. Despite the flow and pressure loss optimized static mixers, fouling occurs on the surfaces of the mixer elements. To improve the performance of such parts even further, stainless steel substrates are coated with ultra‐thin films which have low surface energy, good adhesion, and high durability. Perfluorinated organosilane (FOTS) films deposited via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are compared with FOTS containing zirconium oxide sol‐gel films regarding the prevention of deposit formation and fouling during polymerization processes in microreactors. Both film structures led to anti‐adhesive properties of microreactor component surfaces during aqueous poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) synthesis. To determine the morphology and surface chemistry of the coatings, different characterization methods such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as microscopic methods such as field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are applied. The surface free energy and wetting properties are analyzed by means of contact angle measurements. The application of thin film‐coated mixing elements in a microreactor demonstrates a significant lowering in pressure increase caused by a reduced deposit formation.
Designed assembly and disassembly of DNA in supramolecular structure: From ion regulated nuclear formation and machine learning recognition to running DNA cascade
Authors: Aliev Timur A. , Timralieva Alexandra A. , Kurakina Tatiana A. , Katsuba Konstantin E. , Egorycheva Yulia A. , Dubovichenko Mikhail V. , Kutyrev Maxim A. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Orekhov Nikita , Kondratyuk Nikolay , Semenov Sergey N. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. , Skorb Ekaterina V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a novel encapsulation system for DNA oligonucleotides. Supramolecular assembly of melamine cyanurate encapsulates DNA at pH 7 and start to release it at pH less than 6.5. We study the assembly and disassembly in time in specially designed reaction‐diffusion system. Magnesium ions allow spatial separation of DNA with the highest DNA concentration in the core of melamine cyanurate capsule. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation shows that DNA acts as a nucleation centre for melamine cyanurate. Dataset of fluorescent images analysed by machine learning algorithms indicates correlation between structure of melamine cyanurate capsules for DNA trapping and concentration of magnesium ions. The concentration of magnesium ions can be recognized with 96% accuracy proving that all environmental conditions are extremely important during the self‐assembly and should be considered for laboratory and industrial applications of the suggested approach. Moreover, the encapsulated DNA can undergo a cascade reaction consisting of hybridization with complementary strand and its cleavage at a designated site. This reactivity opens a fresh avenue for various applications in biosensing, diagnostics, DNA compartmentalization, and even gives new hints for the origin‐of‐life questions.
Crystallinity and rheology of HDPE/PA12 blends compatibilized with HDPE‐alt‐MAH
Authors: de Almeida Santos da Silva Geovane , d'Almeida José Roberto Moraes , Letichevsky Sonia , de Avillez Roberto Ribeiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work studies the crystallinity and rheology of HDPE/PA12 blends compatibilized with 2 wt% of HDPE‐alt‐MAH. Specimens of HDPE/PA12 blends were extruded and injected into a mold with 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 HDPE/PA ratios. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that no oxidation reaction occurred in the high‐temperature processing and that stronger interactions between the components of the blends occurred in the polyamide's functional groups. The x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the crystallinity degree of the blends and the mean crystallite sizes decreased with the addition of PA12 for both blends. The HDPE's lattice parameters were consistent with the values in the literature, whereas for the PA12, it was not possible to fit its lattice parameters. The rheology analysis evaluated the relationship between the shear stress and viscosity and found that the HDPE/PA 75/25 blend was the most pseudoplastic, presenting the best processability under high shear rates.
Mobile apps for quick adverse drug reaction report: A scoping review
Authors: Parracha Edna Ribeiro , Advinha Ana Margarida , Lopes Manuel José , Oliveira‐Martins Sofia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeSpontaneous notification systems are essential in a post‐marketing safety context. However, using this method, only about 6% of all adverse drug reactions are notified. To overcome this sub‐notification problem, new methods need to be developed to improve and facilitate reporting. In this sense, the use of digital media, mainly medical mobile apps, has been presented as a powerful tool, including in pharmacovigilance. We performed a scope review to identify the available apps used to report adverse drug reactions around the world to eventually identify which of them best fits the Portuguese pharmacovigilance system.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines were considered, and the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley was followed. All the articles that met the inclusion criteria were examined for this review. When the studies lacked in information about the app, Google was used to enhance the search for further information.ResultsA final number of five articles were included, revealing seven implemented mobile apps for adverse drug reaction report (Medwatcher, VigiBIP, Yellow Card, Bijwerking, Halmed, Med Safety, and ADR PvPi). These apps are implemented in the United States, France, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Croatia, and India. Med Safety was originally designed for multi‐region use and is implemented in 12 low and middle‐income countries.ConclusionsApps are easier and faster ways of reporting. The integration of such a tool in an individual care plan would allow to maintain a complete electronic health record at both individual and global level and could be eventually seen as an added value by both health professionals and patients. A country specific version of the WEB‐RADR could be a solution for Portugal, in order to introduce an app to notify ADRs at the national level, due previous successful experiences in European countries.
Defining biodiverse reforestation: Why it matters for climate change mitigation and biodiversity
Authors: Andres Samantha E. , Standish Rachel J. , Lieurance Paige E. , Mills Charlotte H. , Harper Richard J. , Butler Don W. , Adams Vanessa M. , Lehmann Caroline , Tetu Sasha G. , Cuneo Peter , Offord Catherine A. , Gallagher Rachael V. 
Published: September 2022

Societal Impact StatementMixed species plantings present an attractive alternative to monoculture reforestation through their added benefits to biodiversity. Yet there is ambiguity in the use of the term ‘biodiversity’ in carbon and biodiversity markets, which may create perverse outcomes when designing schemes and projects. Here, we review how the concept of biodiversity is defined and applied in reforestation projects, and restoration more broadly. Improved transparency around the use of the term biodiversity is urgently needed to provide rigour in emerging market mechanisms, which seek to benefit the environment and people.SummaryReforestation to capture and store atmospheric carbon is increasingly championed as a climate change mitigation policy response. Reforestation plantings have the potential to provide conservation co‐benefits when diverse mixtures of native species are planted, and there are growing attempts to monetise biodiversity benefits from carbon reforestation projects, particularly within emerging carbon markets. But what is meant by ‘biodiverse’ across different stakeholders and groups implementing and overseeing these projects and how do these perceptions compare with long‐standing scientific definitions? Here, we discuss approaches to, and definitions of, biodiversity in the context of reforestation for carbon sequestration. Our aim is to review how the concept of biodiversity is defined and applied among stakeholders (e.g., governments, carbon certifiers and farmers) and rights holders (i.e., First Nations people) engaging in reforestation, and to identify best‐practice methods for restoring biodiversity in these projects. We find that some stakeholders have a vague understanding of diversity across varying levels of biological organisation (genes to ecosystems). While most understand that biodiversity underpins ecosystem functions and services, many stakeholders may not appreciate the difficulties of restoring biodiversity akin to reference ecosystems. Consequently, biodiversity goals are rarely explicit, and project goals may never be achieved because the levels of restored biodiversity are inadequate to support functional ecosystems and desired ecosystem services. We suggest there is significant value in integrating biodiversity objectives into reforestation projects and setting specific restoration goals with transparent reporting outcomes will pave the way for ensuring reforestation projects have meaningful outcomes for biodiversity, and legitimate incentive payments for biodiversity and natural capital accounting.
A case‐study of model‐informed drug development of a novel PCSK9 anti sense oligonucleotide. Part 1: First time in man to phase II
Authors: Knöchel Jane , Nilsson Catarina , Carlsson Björn , Wernevik Linda , Hofherr Alexis , Gennemark Peter , Jansson‐Löfmark Rasmus , Isaksson Rikard , Rydén‐Bergsten Tina , Hamrén Bengt , Rekić Dinko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere, we show model‐informed drug development (MIDD) of a novel antisense oligonucleotide, targeting PCSK9 for treatment of hypocholesteremia. The case study exemplifies use of MIDD to analyze emerging data from an ongoing first‐in‐human study, utility of the US Food and Drug Administration MIDD pilot program to accelerate timelines, innovative use of competitor data to set biomarker targets, and use of MIDD to optimize sample size and dose selection, as well as to accelerate and de‐risk a phase IIb study. The focus of the case‐study is on the cross‐functional collaboration and other key MIDD enablers that are critical to maximize the value of MIDD, rather than the technical application of MIDD.
Protective effects of curcumin on ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Mohamadian Malihe , Parsamanesh Negin , Chiti Hossein , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a term used to describe phenomena connected to the dysfunction of various tissue damage due to reperfusion after ischemic injury. While I/R may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, there is still a long way to improve therapeutic outcomes. A number of cellular metabolic and ultrastructural alterations occur by prolonged ischemia. Ischemia increases the expression of proinflammatory gene products and bioactive substances within the endothelium, such as cytokines, leukocytes, and adhesion molecules, even as suppressing the expression of other “protective” gene products and substances, such as thrombomodulin and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (e.g., prostacyclin, nitric oxide [NO]). Curcumin is the primary phenolic pigment derived from turmeric, the powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin has strong antiinflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. It also prevents lipid peroxidation and scavenges free radicals like superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, NO, and hydroxyl. In our study, we highlight the mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against I/R injury in various organs.
Toward a contextualized research agenda: Governance challenges of the wastewater treatment policy in Mexico and the role of subnational governments
Authors: Casiano Flores Cesar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWastewater treatment is failing worldwide. Like many parts of the world, Mexico and Latin America continue to face significant challenges associated with the implementation of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) policy. Research has identified that wastewater treatment challenges are related to governance failures. To address these challenges, international organizations have proposed approaches such as Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and decentralization. However, these governance approaches have not achieved the intended outcomes and from a scholarly perspective, new frameworks have been developed to understand the context of governance challenges. Yet, an analysis based on Scopus and Web of Science shows that academic research employing such contextual approaches to the WTP policy in Mexico is still scarce. Against this background, the objective of this focus article is to reflect on the current governance challenges of the WTP policy in Mexico and to propose some areas of research that can provide new insights that support the development of a policy tailored to the Mexican context. The few research that has used contextual approaches demonstrated that subnational governments have a key role in the WTP policy in Mexico. Building upon this finding, I encourage the employment of contextual frameworks and the development of interdisciplinary research analyzing the role of subnational governments in the WTP policy. This type of research can provide relevant insights that could help to improve wastewater treatment not only in Mexico but also in other countries with similar governance structures and challenges, as is the case in Latin America.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water Governance
Phase transitions in porous media
Authors: Gavioli Chiara , Krejčí Pavel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe full quasistatic thermomechanical system of PDEs, describing water diffusion with the possibility of freezing and melting in a visco-elasto-plastic porous solid, is studied in detail under the hypothesis that the pressure-saturation hysteresis relation is given in terms of the Preisach hysteresis operator. The resulting system of balance equations for mass, momentum, and energy coupled with the phase dynamics equation is shown to admit a global solution under general assumptions on the data.