bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pseudostem trapping as a control measure against banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda
Authors: Gold C.S. , Okech S.H. , Nokoe S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractControlled studies to determine the efficacy of pseudostem trapping in reducing adult populations of the banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus(Germar), were conducted under farmer conditions in Ntungamo district, Uganda. Twenty-seven farms were stratified on the basis ofC. sordiduspopulation density (estimated by mark and recapture methods) and divided among three treatments: (i) researchermanaged trapping (one trap per mat per month): (ii) farmer-managed trapping (trap intensity at discretion of farmer); and (iii) controls (no trapping), Intensive trapping (managed by researchers) resulted in significantly lowerC. sordidusdamage after one year. Over the same period,C. sordidusnumbers declined by 61% on farms where trapping was managed by researchers, 53% where farmers managed trapping and 38% on farms without trapping; however, results varied greatly among farms and, overall, there was no significant effect of trapping onC. sordidusnumbers. Moreover, there was only a weak relationship between the number ofC. sordidusremoved and the change in population density. Trapping success appeared to be affected by management levels and immigration from neighbouring farms. Although farmers were convinced that trapping was beneficial, adoption has been low due to resource requirements.
Sensitive angle-dependent magnetoelectric coupling in cluster-assembled flexible composites
Authors: Jiang Ning , Bai Yulong , An Hengbin , Zhang Huatian , Chen Yongquan , He Guixin , Zhao Shifeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Flexible magnetoelectric (ME) device is one of the indispensable elements. However, the complicated fabrication process and low sensitivity hinder the practical applications. Here, flexible NiFe anisotropic magnetoelastic composites were prepared by cluster-supersonic expansion method assistant with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrates. The NiFe/PVDF composites possess sensitive angle-resolution ME coupling coefficient at room temperature, and the value can reach 0.66 μV deg−1. The strong anisotropic magnetoelasticity phenomenon is reminiscent of the short-range ordered cluster structure. The anisotropic magnetoelastic coefficient can be deduced by temperature- and magnetic field strength-dependent anisotropic magnetoresistance. The magnetic torque results also prove the strong anisotropic magnetoelastic trait. The coupling between piezoelectricity and anisotropic magnetostrictive effect endows great possibilities toward flexible electronic compass. These results shed light on future in non-invasive tracking of vital biological health via wearable electronic devices.
Problem-solving a lesson from relativity in physics education
Authors: Cramer Claes 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The principle of relativity is of fundamental importance in practice when we are solving problems in physics since the axiom states that the result of any physical experiment is the same when performed with identical initial conditions relative to any inertial coordinate system. Hence, conceptual knowledge of coordinate systems is central in any physics problem-solving framework. This opens up the question whether upper secondary school students should be taught to set up coordinate systems and apply basic coordinate transformations systematically when solving problems or if it should be left for physics courses at a college or university level? Given that working with coordinate systems does not require any advanced algebra or analysis knowledge, a case can be made for introducing the concepts of coordinate systems and transformations together with a uniform problem-solving framework. The purpose here, given that coordinate systems are central in problem-solving, is to revisit the method of drawing free body diagrams in engineering mechanics but adapted for upper secondary school physics. This method relies on the existence of a coordinate system and can be described by an activity diagram—a connected sequence of actions and decisions. The activity diagram is a map for problem-solving. The central actions in the activity are to introduce a coordinate system, draw a free body diagram and decide if the system should be transformed besides actually working out any algebra and numerical calculations. Here the notion of ‘transformation’ should be read as a graphical transformation rather than an algebraic group operation that is not suitable, neither to teach, nor to use at upper secondary level. A basic example is provided to illustrate why the methodology simplifies the problem-solving process and the student’s understanding of the subject.
End-to-end sensor fusion and classification of atrial fibrillation using deep neural networks and smartphone mechanocardiography
Authors: Mehrang Saeed , Jafari Tadi Mojtaba , Knuutila Timo , Jaakkola Jussi , Jaakkola Samuli , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Vasankari Tuija , Airaksinen Juhani , Koivisto Tero , Pänkäälä Mikko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this research is to develop a new deep learning framework for detecting atrial fibrillation (AFib), one of the most common heart arrhythmias, by analyzing the heart’s mechanical functioning as reflected in seismocardiography (SCG) and gyrocardiography (GCG) signals. Jointly, SCG and GCG constitute the concept of mechanocardiography (MCG), a method used to measure precordial vibrations with the built-in inertial sensors of smartphones. Approach. We present a modified deep residual neural network model for the classification of sinus rhythm, AFib, and Noise categories from tri-axial SCG and GCG data derived from smartphones. In the model presented, pre-processing including automated early sensor fusion and spatial feature extraction are carried out using attention-based convolutional and residual blocks. Additionally, we use bidirectional long short-term memory layers on top of fully-connected layers to extract both spatial and spatiotemporal features of the multidimensional SCG and GCG signals. The dataset consisted of 728 short measurements recorded from 300 patients. Further, the measurements were divided into disjoint training, validation, and test sets, respectively, of 481 measurements, 140 measurements, and 107 measurements. Prior to ingestion by the model, measurements were split into 10 s segments with 75 percent overlap, pre-processed, and augmented. Main results. On the unseen test set, the model delivered average micro- and macro-F1-score of 0.88 (0.87–0.89; 95% CI) and 0.83 (0.83–0.84; 95% CI) for the segment-wise classification as well as 0.95 (0.94–0.96; 95% CI) and 0.95 (0.94–0.96; 95% CI) for the measurement-wise classification, respectively. Significance. Our method not only can effectively fuse SCG and GCG signals but also can identify heart rhythms and abnormalities in the MCG signals with remarkable accuracy.
A transfer learning approach for damage diagnosis in composite laminated plate using Lamb waves
Authors: Rai Akshay , Mitra Mira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lamb wave-based damage diagnosis systems are widely regarded as a likely candidate for real-time structural health monitoring (SHM), although analysing the Lamb wave response is still a challenging task due to its complex physics. Recently, deep learning (DL) models such as convolutional neural network (CNN) have shown robust classification performance in various structures using Lamb wave-based diagnostic strategies. However, these DL models are often designed to address isolated tasks, which means that the model needs to be re-trained from scratch to accommodate any small change to the setup. Thus, such data-dependency of the DL model designed for the SHM system can restrict its full usage. This paper presents a study on a version of the transfer learning framework (TLF) based on 1D-CNN autoencoder (AE) and a classifier as a possible way to address this problem. In the transfer learning approach, the knowledge learned by a network represented as source model, while performing one or more tasks is utilized to improve the damage diagnosing ability of another network represented as target model operating under other conditions. In TLF, a ResNet AE model will selectively outsource its pre-trained layers to a separate 1D-CNN model, which is a supervised learning model aimed to perform tasks, such as classification. In order to train both the source model and the target model, two separate databases are constructed using the Open Guided Waves diagnostic data repository containing scanned Lamb wave signals generated from a 2 mm thin carbon fibre-reinforced polymer plate structure, in which a range of frequencies and artificial defects are used. A TLF variant which includes transferred layers of pre-trained ResNet AE and 1D CNN classifier, have been developed, trained and tested with an unseen database containing 144 samples. Based on the test performance, the adopted version of TLF achieved an impressive 82.64% accuracy and emerged as the most robust, balanced and computationally more economical classification model.
Effect of two-stage shattered pellet injection on tokamak disruptions
Authors: Vallhagen O. , Pusztai I. , Hoppe M. , Newton S.L. , Fülöp T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An effective disruption mitigation system in a tokamak reactor should limit the exposure of the wall to localized heat losses and to the impact of high current runaway electron beams, and avoid excessive forces on the structure. We evaluate with respect to these aspects a two-stage deuterium–neon shattered pellet injection in an ITER-like plasma, using simulations with the DREAM framework (Hoppe et al 2021 Comput. Phys. Commun.
268 108098). To minimize the obtained runaway currents an optimal range of injected deuterium quantities is found. This range is sensitive to the opacity of the plasma to Lyman radiation, which affects the ionization degree of deuterium, and thus avalanche runaway generation. The two-stage injection scheme, where dilution cooling is produced by deuterium before a radiative thermal quench caused by neon, reduces both the hot-tail seed and the localized transported heat load on the wall. However, during nuclear operation, additional runaway seed sources from the activated wall and tritium make it difficult to reach tolerably low runaway currents.
The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on greenhouse gases: a multi-city analysis of in situ atmospheric observations
Authors: Monteiro V , Miles N L , Richardson S J , Turnbull J , Karion A , Kim J , Mitchell L , Lin J C , Sargent M , Wofsy S , Vogel F , Davis K J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We tested the capabilities of urban greenhouse gas (GHG) measurement networks to detect abrupt changes in emissions, such as those caused by the roughly 6-week COVID-19 lockdown in March 2020 using hourly in situ GHG mole fraction measurements from six North American cities. We compared observed changes in CO2, CO, and CH4 for different mole fraction metrics (diurnal amplitude, vertical gradients, enhancements, within-hour variances, and multi-gas enhancement ratios) during 2020 relative to previous years for three periods: pre-lockdown, lockdown, and ongoing recovery. The networks showed decreases in CO2 and CO metrics during the lockdown period in all cities for all metrics, while changes in the CH4 metrics were variable across cities and not statistically significant. Traffic decreases in 2020 were correlated with the changes in GHG metrics, whereas changes in meteorology and biology were not, implying that decreases in the CO2 and CO metrics were related to reduced emissions from traffic and demonstrating the sensitivity of these tower networks to rapid changes in urban emissions. The enhancements showed signatures of the lockdowns more consistently than the three micrometeorological methods, possibly because the urban measurements are collected at relatively high altitudes to be sensitive to whole-city emissions. This suggests that urban observatories might benefit from a mixture of measurement altitudes to improve observational network sensitivity to both city-scale and more local fluxes.
Magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnosis of aortitis preceding development of a thoracic aneurysm in a patient with giant cell arteritis: a case report
Authors: Lutter Georg , Puehler Thomas , Röcken Christoph , Both Marcus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory manifestation in the aortic arch can be a complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA), potentially requiring surgical therapy in the case of aneurysmatic dilatation.

Case summary
We report the case of a 73-year-old female patient with GCA in whom a typical appearance of arteritis was visualized on magnetic resonance imaging of the superficial temporal arteries. Additionally, ectasia (4.7 cm) of the ascending aorta with a mural rim of increased contrast media uptake was detected at the time of the initial diagnosis, which is an indicator of aortitis. While the diameter had only minimally increased in a computed tomography angiography (CTA) examination after 8 months, a subsequent CTA revealed an increased diameter of 5.8 cm and maximum at the level of the ascending aorta another 22 months later, indicating urgent surgery to replace the ascending aorta.

Discussion
Magnetic resonance imaging can detect silent, generalized manifestations of GCA such as severe aortitis, which may possibly lead to aneurysmatic dilatation, urging closer follow-up imaging. Detection of the ongoing process and subsequent follow-up imaging protects patients by avoiding rupture.
Septic pulmonary emboli in pulmonary valve endocarditis with concurrent ventricular septal defect and coronary artery disease: a case report
Authors: Lim Wei Juan , Kaisbain Neerusha , Kim Heng Shee 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) is one of the common causes of life-threatening infections. Compared to left-sided endocarditis, right-sided infective endocarditis is rarer, with pulmonary valve endocarditis much rarer than the tricuspid valve. Its diagnosis poses a challenge, owing to its rarity, low index of clinical suspicion, and lack of availability of appropriate diagnostic measures. Risk factors include indwelling central venous catheter, sepsis, intravenous drug use, pacemaker with lead infection, or ventricular septal defect (VSD).

Case summary
We describe a case of pulmonary valve endocarditis that led to septic pulmonary emboli in a patient scheduled for elective bypass surgery for triple vessel disease. There was an incidental finding of VSD on echocardiography, which is also a risk factor for pulmonary valve endocarditis owing to the jet of VSD to the pulmonary valve. The patient was given 4 weeks of antibiotics and subsequently underwent coronary artery bypass graft, pulmonary valve replacement, and VSD closure.

Discussion
Our case demonstrated the importance of high clinical suspicion and vigilance of diagnosing pulmonary valve endocarditis when dealing with pyrexia of unknown origin in a patient with a congenital VSD as VSD-associated pulmonary valve endocarditis remained a rare disease. Besides, an active search for clinical and radiological signs of pulmonary embolization is necessary in patients with right-sided endocarditis especially those with large and mobile vegetation. A conservative approach or valve repair is recommended for most patients with right sided IE affecting the tricuspid or pulmonary valve.
Horizontal Transmission of Cytomegalovirus in a Rhesus Model Despite High-Level, Vaccine-Elicited Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses
Authors: Li Julia , Wellnitz Sabine , Chi Xiaoyuan S , Yue Yujuan , Schmidt Kimberli A , Nguyen Nancy , Chen Wei , Yurgelonis Irina , Rojas Eduardo , Liu Yuhang , Loschko Jakob , Pollozi Eneida , Matsuka Yury V , Needle Elie , Vidunas Eugene , Donald Robert G K , Moran Justin , Jansen Kathrin U , Dormitzer Philip R , Barry Peter A , Yang Xinzhen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The development of a vaccine to prevent congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) disease is a public health priority. We tested rhesus CMV (RhCMV) prototypes of HCMV vaccine candidates in a seronegative macaque oral challenge model. Immunogens included a recombinant pentameric complex (PC; gH/gL/pUL128/pUL130/pUL131A), a postfusion gB ectodomain, and a DNA plasmid that encodes pp65-2. Immunization with QS21-adjuvanted PC alone or with the other immunogens elicited neutralizing titers comparable to those elicited by RhCMV infection. Similarly, immunization with all 3 immunogens elicited pp65-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses comparable to those elicited by RhCMV infection. RhCMV readily infected immunized animals and was detected in saliva, blood, and urine after challenge in quantities similar to those in placebo-immunized animals. If HCMV evades vaccine-elicited immunity in humans as RhCMV evaded immunity in macaques, a HCMV vaccine must elicit immunity superior to, or different from, that elicited by the prototype RhCMV vaccine to block horizontal transmission.
Genomic analysis of CTX-M-115 and OXA-23/-72 co-producing Acinetobacter baumannii, and their potential to spread resistance genes by natural transformation
Authors: Vuillemenot Jean-Baptiste , Bour Maxime , Beyrouthy Racha , Bonnet Richard , Laaberki Maria-Halima , Charpentier Xavier , Ruimy Raymond , Plésiat Patrick , Potron Anaïs 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize Acinetobacter baumannii strains co-producing the ESBL CTX-M-115 and carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs), and to assess the potential diffusion of their resistance genes by horizontal transfer.

Methods
Nineteen CTX-M-115/CHDL-positive A. baumannii were collected between 2015 and 2019 from patients hospitalized in France. Their whole-genome sequences were determined on Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms and were compared through core-genome MLST (cgMLST) and SNP analyses. Transferability of resistance genes was investigated by natural transformation assays.

Results
Eighteen strains were found to harbour CHDL OXA-72, and another one CHDL OXA-23, in addition to CTX-M-115, narrow-spectrum β-lactamases and aminoglycoside resistance determinants including ArmA. cgMLST typing, as well as Oxford Scheme ST and K locus typing, confirmed that 17 out of the 18 CTX-M-115/OXA-72 isolates belonged to new subclades within clonal complex 78 (CC78). The chromosomal region carrying the blaCTX-M-115 gene appeared to vary greatly both in gene content and in length (from 20 to 79 kb) among the strains, likely because of IS26-mediated DNA rearrangements. The blaOXA-72 gene was localized on closely related plasmids showing structural variations that occurred between pdif sites. Transfer of all the β-lactamase genes, as well as aminoglycoside resistance determinants to a drug-susceptible A. baumannii recipient, was easily obtained in vitro by natural transformation.

Conclusions
This work highlights the propensity of CC78 isolates to collect multiple antibiotic resistance genes, to rearrange and to pass them to other A. baumannii strains via natural transformation. This process, along with mobile genetic elements, likely contributes to the considerable genomic plasticity of clinical strains, and to the diversity of molecular mechanisms sustaining their multidrug resistance.
In vitro activity of nitroxoline against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the urinary tract
Authors: Fuchs Frieder , Becerra-Aparicio Federico , Xanthopoulou Kyriaki , Seifert Harald , Higgins Paul G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The old antimicrobial nitroxoline is currently repurposed for oral treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Objectives
To investigate the in vitro activity of nitroxoline against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb).

Methods
From an international collection of previously well-characterized clinical A. baumannii isolates, 34 isolates from urinary tract sources with different carbapenem-resistance mechanisms were selected. Nitroxoline activity was analysed with broth microdilution (BMD), disc diffusion (DD) and within an in vitro biofilm model. MICs of meropenem and imipenem were assessed with BMD. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was investigated using DD. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and A. baumannii NCTC 13304 were used for quality control.

Results
All isolates were carbapenem resistant (MIC90 &gt;32 mg/L for meropenem and imipenem) and most isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (33/34) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (31/34). Nitroxoline yielded MIC50/90 values of 2/2 mg/L (MIC range 1–2 mg/L) and inhibition zone diameters ranging from 20 to 26 mm. In contrast, for definite eradication of biofilm-associated CRAb in vitro, higher nitroxoline concentrations (≥16 to ≥128 mg/L) were necessary for all isolates.

Conclusions
Nitroxoline showed excellent in vitro activity against a collection of CRAb despite high resistance rates to other antimicrobials for parental and oral therapy of A. baumannii UTI. Currently, nitroxoline is recommended for the treatment of uncomplicated UTI in Germany with a EUCAST breakpoint limited to uncomplicated UTI and E. coli (S ≤16 mg/L). Nitroxoline could be a promising drug for oral treatment of lower UTI caused by CRAb. More data are warranted to correlate these findings with in vivo success rates.
15 Experiences with Swine Depopulation
Authors: Johnson Clayton 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created a crisis situation for US swine producers. Unexpected and prolonged closure of numerous harvest facilities created a backlog of market ready pigs. The “just in time” nature of our industry proved fragile under these circumstances and numerous farms needed to rapidly depopulate swine of various ages. While these experiences were painful, they did create a series of “lessons learned” that can be applied to future depopulation scenarios. Some of the major considerations for depopulation methods include the facility location, procedures to perform the depopulation and disposal of the depopulated carcasses. With many pig farms being home to thousands of animals, the need to perform depopulation in a high-speed and highly effective manner is an absolute requirement. Guiding principles for depopulation have been developed by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and these guidelines serve as a starting point for understanding what options are available to producers facing depopulation as well as which option may be most practical for a specific situation. Common depopulation strategies employed on farm include gas inhalation with carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, electrocution, penetrating or non-penetrating captive bolt and ventilation shutdown plus (VSD+). Each strategy requires unique levels of equipment, skill, technical expertise, labor, time and cost. Common carcass disposal strategies include composting, landfill, rendering and burial. It is impossible to define a specific depopulation and disposal strategy that is optimal for every site however a thorough understanding of the characteristics of each option allows producers to determine the optimal process for their specific situation. Considerations for optimal strategies must incorporate consideration for practicality, speed of depopulation and disposal, animal well-being, human safety and human well-being.