bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the legal regulation of Internet platform monopoly in China
Authors: He Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe existing regulatory regime for single firm exclusionary activity is primarily to establish a dominant position for a finding of an abuse, but there are challenges coming out of relevant market definition, market power determination, and the efficiency or innovation justifications. This paper argues for an alternative solution: an effects‐based analysis methodology for regulating platforms which are not proven to be dominant. Based on case studies including the Alibaba decision, JD.com case, Meituan case, and Visa case, it follows that we should stay focused on foreclosure effects while specifying the type of conduct that calls for careful scrutiny. But it is controversial to apply the traditional leverage theory and essential facilities doctrine to digital markets, which are of great significance to the determination of foreclosure effects. This paper introduces a “related markets hypothesis” to illustrate the leverage of market power, and applies a modified “costs‐based test” to determine whether the data resources held by the platform constitute a bottleneck. This paper finally proposes a classification scheme different from the criteria on a basis of company size. The decisive factors for classification include: form of platform enterprises, behavioral pattern, nature of market, market structure, and the competitive environment in related markets.
Laodelphax striatellus saliva mucin enables the formation of stylet sheathes to facilitate its feeding and rice stripe virus transmission
Authors: Huo Yan , Zhao Jing , Meng Xiangyi , Yang Jie , Zhang Ziyu , Liu Zhiwei , Fang Rongxiang , Zhang Lili 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLaodelphax striatellus transmits rice stripe virus (RSV) during sap feeding on the rice plant. The insect saliva proteins have direct and indirect roles in mediating RSV transmission; however, the function of most saliva proteins remains unclear.ResultsIn this study, we sequenced L. striatellus saliva proteins using shotgun liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 41 secreted saliva proteins, among which a saliva mucin‐like protein, designated LssaMP, was the most abundant. In silico analysis revealed the sequence conservation among planthoppers. We revealed that the LssaMP gene is specifically expressed in the salivary glands and the protein is secreted as a component of gel saliva. Using LssaMP‐specific double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence gene expression, we revealed that LssaMP is required for formation of the salivary sheath, an important structure for sap feeding. Disrupting LssaMP expression resulted in inefficient formation of the feeding structure, thereby stopping insects from secreting watery saliva and acquiring sufficient nutrients from the phloem sap. We confirmed that RSV is mainly released via the watery saliva, which passes through the salivary sheathes into the plant phloem. An insufficient feeding structure results in decreased release of watery saliva, as well as the arboviruses.ConclusionThis study clarified the function of an insect saliva protein in mediating insect feeding, as well as arbovirus transmission. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of esculin: A comprehensive review
Authors: Li Chun‐xiao , Li Jing‐chun , Lai Jiang , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCortex fraxini is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Esculin is one of the main active ingredients of Cortex fraxini and has attracted more and more attention from scholars. The purpose of the review is to systematically review relevant studies on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics of esculin to support its further application as therapeutic agents. Pharmacological studies have shown that the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative stress effects of esculin are outstanding. This indicates that esculin is promising to be used to treat a variety of diseases closely related to inflammation and oxidative damage. Esculin has anti‐diabetic effect, which is closely related to improving pancreas damage, promoting insulin release, and enhancing glucose homeostasis. In addition, esculin has anti‐cancer, antibiosis, anti‐virus, neuroprotection, anti‐thrombosis and treating eye diseases properties. Pharmacokinetic studies show that esculin can be quickly and evenly distributed in the body. However, the first pass effect of esculin is serious. In short, esculin is promising to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of esculin.
Phytoestrogen arctigenin preserves the mucus barrier in inflammatory bowel diseases by inhibiting goblet cell apoptosis via the ERβ/TRIM21/PHB1 pathway
Authors: Tao Yu , Qiao Si‐miao , Lv Chang‐jun , Yun Xin‐ming , Yue Meng‐fan , Fang Yu‐lai , Wei Zhi‐feng , Dai Yue , Xia Yu‐feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntestinal mucus barrier dysfunction is closely involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of arctigenin, a phytoestrogen isolated from the fruits of Arctium lappa L., on the intestinal mucus barrier under colitis condition. The role of arctigenin on the intestinal mucus barrier and the apoptosis of goblet cells were examined by using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Arctigenin was demonstrated to promote the mucus secretion and maintain the integrity of mucus barrier, which might be achieved by an increase in the number of goblet cells via inhibiting apoptosis. Arctigenin selectively inhibited the mitochondrial pathway‐mediated apoptosis. Moreover, arctigenin elevated the protein level of prohibitin 1 (PHB1) through blocking the ubiquitination via activation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) to competitively interact with PHB1 and disrupt the binding of tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21) with PHB1. ERβ knock down in the colons of mice with DSS‐induced colitis resulted in significant reduction of the protection of arctigenin and DPN against the mucosal barrier. Arctigenin can maintain the integrity of the mucus barrier by inhibiting the apoptosis of goblet cells through the ERβ/TRIM21/PHB1 pathway.
TULP2 deletion mice exhibit abnormal outer dense fiber structure and male infertility
Authors: Oyama Yuki , Miyata Haruhiko , Shimada Keisuke , Larasati Tamara , Fujihara Yoshitaka , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTulp2 (tubby‐like protein 2) is a member of the tubby protein family and expressed predominantly in mouse testis. Recently, it was reported that Tulp2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited disrupted sperm tail morphology; however, it remains to be determined how TULP2 deletion causes abnormal tail formation.MethodsThe authors analyzed male fertility, sperm morphology, and motility of two Tulp2 KO mouse lines that were generated using the conventional method that utilizes homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells as well as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Furthermore, the authors observed the spermatogenesis of Tulp2 KO mice in more detail using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM).ResultsBoth mouse lines of Tulp2 KO exhibited male infertility, abnormal tail morphology, and impaired sperm motility. No overt abnormalities were found in the formation of the mitochondrial sheath in Tulp2 KO mice using the freeze‐fracture method with SEM. In contrast, abnormal outer dense fiber (ODF) structure was observed in Tulp2 KO testis with TEM.ConclusionsTULP2 may play roles in the correct formation and/or maintenance of ODF, which may lead to abnormal tail morphology, impaired sperm motility, and male infertility.
Blue catfish population characteristics and dispersal along a Great Plains river gradient
Authors: Dean Quintin J. , Werner Jacob P. , Pegg Mark A. , Hamel Martin J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding movement and dispersal dynamics of mobile, large‐river fishes is essential to adopting an ecologically relevant spatial scale for research and management. Movement and dispersal patterns of Blue CatfishIctalurus furcatus, a large‐river specialist, have been mostly investigated in large river systems within their native range, with little emphasis on tributaries and the influence of connectivity. Here, we examine longitudinal movement patterns, natal environments, and population demographics of Blue Catfish in a tributary system of a large Great Plains river. Blue Catfish tagged in the Kansas River were recaptured in five different rivers of varying size and order, and individual movement was highly variable (0–475 rkm). Adult fish (>400 mm) collected within segments (i.e., Segment 1 and 2) of the Kansas River with connectivity to the Missouri River displayed relatively equal natal contributions from the Kansas River (34–48%) and Missouri River (38–65%) while disconnected river segments contained a high percentage (64–87%) of individuals that originated from reservoirs located on tributaries to the Kansas River. The Kansas River segments (Segment 1 and 2) connected with the Missouri River had lower instantaneous mortality (Z = 0.19, SE = 0.05) and higher proportions of large fish (PSD‐M = 9 & 11, PSD‐T = 3 & 5, respectively) compared to disconnected reaches (Z = 0.27, SE = 0.08; PSD‐M = 3, PSD‐T = 0). Mean length of Blue Catfish collected in disconnected reaches were greater than those from connected reaches for individuals at age‐3 and age‐6, and relatively equal at age‐10. Our data provide additional resolution to movement and dispersal patterns of Blue Catfish within large‐river tributary systems, highlight the role of localized reservoir stock contributions, and illustrate species plasticity across varying levels of river network connectivity.
Fe/Mn‐Porphyrin Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Guided‐Combination Therapy between Photodynamic Therapy and Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Jin Lin , Miao Yuyang , Liu Dapeng , Song Fengling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCombination therapy is considered to be an effective strategy for enhanced tumor treatment. Here we fabricated amorphous dual metal (FeMn)‐porphyrin based coordination polymer nanoparticles FeMn‐TCPP NPs via a facile and mild protocol. The formed FeMn‐TCPP NPs possessed the combination therapy between photodynamic therapy attributed to TCPP ligand and chemodynamic therapy mainly ascribed to chemodynamic therapy agent Fe (II). Moreover, Mn (II) as a T1 contrast agent endowed the FeMn‐TCPP NPs with significant r1 relaxivity for MRI imaging. Notably, FeMn‐TCPP NPs not only integrated the functional agents into one nanoplatform but also exhibited synergetic effects for enhanced combination therapy. All the features allowed the FeMn‐TCPP NPs as an all‐in‐one nanoplatform toward precision cancer therapy.
Efficient Preparation of Rare Earth Oxides from Back Extraction Praseodymium Neodymium Chloride by Flash Pyrolysis
Authors: Lei Xiang , Wang Houqing , Fu Liwen , Wang Jinliang , Xu Shengming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPraseodymium‐neodymium‐oxide powder was prepared using a simple citric acid‐assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The rare‐earth oxide transformation process and temperature were clarified using the characterisation results. The results show that a sufficient mass ratio of citric acid can promote the decomposition of chlorine oxides produced during calcination. This favourable change is attributed to the unique composition and morphology of the precursors. Furthermore, the residual chlorine content and migration behaviour in the praseodymium‐neodymium‐oxide powder were studied and discussed. This study provides the necessary theoretical and experimental basis for the application of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technology for rare‐earth oxide production.
Relational and individual stress pathways linking discrimination and ageing cardiometabolic health
Authors: Woods Sarah B. , Strenth Chance , Day Philip , Tsewang Tenzin , Aparicio Kimberly , Ross Kristin , Ventimiglia Joseph , Jetpuri Zaiba 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPerceived discrimination is a significant risk factor for worse ageing health outcomes. Yet, the specific individual and relational stress pathways linking discrimination to disease are less understood, especially in the context of cardiometabolic health. We tested family stress and psychophysiological distress (negative affect and high‐risk lipid/fat metabolism) as mediators linking perceived discrimination to cardiometabolic morbidity and health appraisal over 20 years for midlife adults. Using data from participants who completed the Biomarker Project (2004–2009) of the Midlife in the U.S. project, and examining data over the study's three waves (1995–1996, 2004–2006, and 2013–2014), we used structural equation modelling to test pathways for participants who reported zero cardiometabolic conditions at baseline (n = 799). Greater Time 1 discrimination was associated with greater Time 2 family strain, which was in turn associated with worse negative affect; worse Time 2 negative affect was associated with worse Time 3 health appraisal; metabolic lipids risk did not serve as an indirect pathway to Time 3 cardiometabolic morbidity (χ2 = 147.74, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.056; CFI = 0.902; SRMR = 0.047). The inclusion of family in interventions to mitigate the impact of discrimination may be indicated for promoting cardiometabolic wellness.
Generation of eco‐friendly design for post‐tensioned axially symmetric reinforced concrete cylindrical walls by minimizing of CO2 emission
Authors: Bekdaş Gebrail , Yucel Melda , Nigdeli Sinan Melih 
Published: May 2022

SummaryStructures should be designed in the direction of providing different vital requirements such as safety, durability, strength besides comfortable, and serviceability needs to be intended for usage purposes. Also, an effective structural design must carry on the other significant conditions consisting of being economic, even not destructive to the environment via various hazardous effects. Within the scope of this study, to realize all mentioned aims, an optimization process was carried out to generate an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective structural model for a post‐tensioned axial symmetric reinforced concrete cylindrical wall. While this process is realized, three different metaheuristic algorithms as harmony search (HS), teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO), and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) were benefited to observe optimal parameters and main objective conditions of different variations produced intended for the wall structure. These optimal conditions contain optimal section size as the thickness of the wall, value of post‐tensioning loads, and their coordinates applied along the wall, besides the main purpose is to minimize of emission amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the utilized structural materials namely, concrete, steel reinforcements, and post‐tensioning cables. As doing this, optimal levels for arising costs of materials can also be observed at the same time. With this study, all of these processes were provided with respect to many design combinations by utilizing various strength alternatives for concrete and even steel reinforcement grades together with different structural properties such as wall height, specific weight of liquid within the wall, and number of post‐tensioning loads. By this means, it was made possible to generate both nature‐friendly, cost‐effective together with reliable and sustainable structures. The investigation of the optimum design was done for three cases. The first case was done for limited variation of design constants, and the best effective algorithm was found as FPA after the evaluation of results for multiple cycles of the optimization process. The other cases were done for different values of design constants by using the best algorithm. For the evaluation of the optimum cost for different countries, the most expensive ones are for Germany and Canada. As the final finding, the increase in the number of post‐tensioning loads reduces the CO2 emission in the optimum design.
Tragopogon dubius: Multiple introductions to North America and the formation of the New World tetraploids
Authors: Soltis Douglas E. , Mavrodiev Evgeny V. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Alexeev Yuri E. , Godden Grant T. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTragopogon (Asteraceae) is an evolutionary model for the study of whole‐genome duplication, with two recently and repeatedly formed allopolyploids, T. mirus and T. miscellus, and many additional polyploid species. Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus formed in western North America following the introduction of three diploids from Europe: T. dubius, T. porrifolius, and T. pratensis. Of these diploids, T. dubius is a shared parent of both tetraploids and is broadly defined and widely distributed in Eurasia. Because human‐mediated intercontinental introductions may lead to hybridization with local species, and associated polyploidization, the introduction history of T. dubius from Europe to North America provides further opportunity to investigate both the extent and consequences of plant introductions. Using ITS sequence data, we show that the morphologically diverse, broadly defined T. dubius comprises a complex of at least 10 different ITS types in its native range, six of which have been introduced from Europe into North America. Significantly, although the two allotetraploid species have each formed multiple times on geographical scales from local to regional, recurrent formation is the result of repeated hybridization involving only one of these ITS subtypes. These results reinforce earlier data suggesting that not all diploid genotypes can form allopolyploids. Several entities traditionally considered part of T. dubius s.l. are now recognized as distinct species (e.g., T. lainzii), and it is likely that other distinct ITS genotypes identified here may also mark unique lineages that ultimately merit recognition as separate species. However, more intensive phylogenetic analyses involving many more samples from across the geographic range of T. dubius are required, as are detailed assessments of taxonomy, morphology, and cytology.
Regulating Discoverability in Subscription Video-on-Demand Services
Authors: Lobato Ramon , Scarlata Alexa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the growing popularity of services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+ has raised complex challenges for media policy. Established policy approaches in a range of areas including audio-visual licensing, classification, censorship, and local production support are now being disrupted as governments grapple with the “Netflix effect” and its implications for national markets and institutions. Meanwhile, consumption practices are also changing as the algorithmically curated interfaces of SVOD services invite audiences to discover content in new ways. In particular, the use of personalised recommendation and other algorithmic filtering techniques has prompted discussion of how SVODs manage the visibility of different kinds of content—and whether these discovery environments require a policy response. This chapter explores how discoverability has emerged as a topic of debate, specifically in relation to SVOD services, and how this is connected to other precedents in audio-visual law and policy such as prominence regulation. We reflect on the many tensions inherent in this area of policy—which exists at the interface of media and platform regulation—and consider some of the normative questions raised when governments intervene in audiences’ content choices.
The Broken Internet and Platform Regulation: Promises and Perils
Authors: Winseck Dwayne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA relatively small number of global Internet giants—Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, and Netflix—have come under intense and ongoing fire for precipitating a twin crisis of journalism and the media, destroying democracy, and centralizing control over the Internet. In response, a new wave of Internet regulation is now in the making in one country after another. This chapter agrees that a forceful response to the platforms is overdue but raises concerns that the case against GAFAM + has become orthodoxy, anchored in cherry-picked evidence and a tendency to see these firms as the cause of all perceived woes. I also argue that while attempts to regulate digital platforms by the standards of broadcasting regulation may be politically expedient, this approach rests on superficial analogies. It also ignores the fact that the media industries have developed in close proximity to the vastly larger telecoms, consumer electronics and banking firms since the mid-nineteenth century. The last sections of this chapter offer four principles of structural and behavioural regulation drawn from this history as guides for a new generation of internet regulation today: structural separation (break-ups), line of business restrictions (firewalls), public obligations and public alternatives.
Towards robust data-driven reduced-order modelling for turbulent flows: application to vortex-induced vibrations
Authors: Schubert Yannick , Sieber Moritz , Oberleithner Kilian , Martinuzzi Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work presents a robust method that minimises the impact of user-selected parameter on the identification of generic models to study the coherent dynamics in turbulent flows. The objective is to gain insight into the flow dynamics from a data-driven reduced order model (ROM) that is developed from measurement data of the respective flow. For an efficient separation of the coherent dynamics, spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) is used, projecting the flow field onto a low-dimensional subspace, so that the dominating dynamics can be represented with a minimal number of modes. A function library is defined using polynomial combinations of the temporal modal coefficients to describe the flow dynamics with a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The most important library functions are identified in a two-stage cross-validation procedure (conservative and restrictive sparsification) and combined in the final model. In the first stage, the process uses a simple approximation of the derivative to match the model with the data. This stage delivers a reduced set of possible library function candidates for the model. In the second, more complex stage, the model of the entire flow is integrated over a short time and compared with the progression of the measured data. This restrictive stage allows a robust identification of nonlinearities and modal interactions in the data and their representation in the model. The method is demonstrated using data from particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of a circular cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) at $$\mathrm{Re}=4000$$

Re
=
4000

. It delivers a reduced order model that reproduces the average dynamics of the flow and reveals the interaction of coexisting flow dynamics by the model structure.