bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phenotype of recovery VI: The association between life‐history strategies, delay discounting, and maladaptive health and financial behaviors among individuals in recovery from alcohol use disorders
Authors: Athamneh Liqa N. , Freitas‐Lemos Roberta , Basso Julia C. , Keith Diana R. , King Michele J. , Bickel Warren K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe life‐history theory is a well‐established framework that predicts behaviors and explains how and why organisms allocate effort and resources to different life goals. Delay discounting (DD) is associated with risky behaviors and has been suggested as a candidate behavioral marker of addiction. Thus, we investigated the relationship between DD, life‐history strategies, and engagement in risky behaviors among individuals in recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsData from 110 individuals in recovery from addiction from The International Quit & Recovery Registry, an ongoing online registry designed to understand recovery phenotype, were included in the analysis. The association between life‐history strategies, DD, engagement in risky behaviors, and remission status were assessed.ResultsLife‐history strategy scores were significantly associated with DD rates and finance, health, and personal development behaviors after controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, years of education, marital status, smoking status, and history of other substance use. Remission status was significantly associated with life‐history strategy, DD, drug use, fitness, health, and safe driving after controlling for age, sex, race, years of education, marital status, and smoking status. In addition, a mediation analysis using Hayes’ methods revealed that the discounting rates partially mediated the association between remission status and life‐history strategy scores.ConclusionsLife‐history strategies and remission status are both significantly associated with DD and various health and finance behaviors among individuals in recovery from AUD. This finding supports the characterizations of DD as a candidate behavioral marker of addiction that could help differentiate subgroups needing special attention or specific interventions to improve the outcomes of their recovery. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the relationships between changes in life‐history strategies, DD, maladaptive health behaviors, and remission status over time.
Ongoing HIV transmission following a large outbreak among people who inject drugs in Athens, Greece (2014–20)
Authors: Roussos Sotirios , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Psichogiou Mina , Kostaki Evangelia Georgia , Flountzi Eleni , Angelopoulos Theodoros , Chaikalis Savvas , Papadopoulou Martha , Pavlopoulou Ioanna D. , Malliori Meni , Hatzitheodorou Eleni , Pylli Magdalini , Tsiara Chrissa , Paraskeva Dimitra , Beloukas Apostolos , Kalamitsis George , Hatzakis Angelos , Sypsa Vana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Athens, Greece in 2011–13 was the largest recent epidemic in Europe and North America. We aimed to assess trends in HIV prevalence, drug use and access to prevention among PWID in Athens to estimate HIV incidence and identify risk factors and to explore HIV‐1 dispersal using molecular methods during 2014–20.MethodsTwo community‐based HIV/hepatitis C programmes on PWID were implemented in 2012–13 (n = 3320) and 2018–20 (n = 1635) through consecutive respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) rounds. PWID were uniquely identified among rounds/programmes. We obtained RDS‐weighted HIV prevalence estimates per round for 2018–20 and compared them to 2012–13. We assessed changes in HIV status, behaviours and access to prevention in PWID participating in both periods. We estimated HIV incidence in a cohort of seronegative PWID as the number of HIV seroconversions/100 person‐years during 2014–20 and used Cox regression to identify associated risk factors. Molecular sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed in HIV seroconverters.ResultsHIV prevalence per round ranged between 12.0 and 16.2% in 2012–13 and 10.7 and 11.3% in 2018–20 with overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Among PWID participating in both programmes, HIV prevalence (95% CI) increased from 14.2% (11.7–17.1%) in 2012–13 to 22.0% (19.0–25.3%) in 2018–20 (P < 0.001). There was a deterioration in socio‐economic characteristics such as homelessness [from 16.2% (95% CI = 13.5–19.2%) to 25.6% (22.3–29.0%)], a shift in cocaine use [16.6% (13.9–19.6%) versus 28.1% (24.7–31.7%], reduced access to free syringes [51.8% (48.0–55.7%) versus 44.5% (40.7–48.3%)] and a decrease in daily injecting [36.2% (32.6–39.9%) versus 28.5% (25.2–32.1%)]. HIV incidence (95% CI) in 2014–20 was 1.94 (1.50–2.52) new cases/100 person‐years and younger age, lower educational level, larger injection network and daily injecting were risk factors. Almost 9% of HIV seroconversions occurred within a newly expanding phylogenetic cluster.ConclusionsIn Athens, Greece, compared with the period 2012–13, in the period 2018–20 there was a deterioration in socio‐economic conditions among people who inject drugs, an increase in the use of cocaine, reduced access to needle and syringe programmes and stable low levels of human immunodeficiency virus testing. Ongoing human immunodeficiency virus transmission was documented during 2014–20 in existing as well as new transmission clusters.
Real‐world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments of opioid use disorder in a national cohort
Authors: Heikkinen Milja , Taipale Heidi , Tanskanen Antti , Mittendorfer‐Rutz Ellenor , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the real‐world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments (buprenorphine, methadone) of opioid use disorder (OUD).DesignA nation‐wide, register‐based cohort study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsAll residents aged 16–64 years living in Sweden using OUD medication from July 2005 to December 2016 (n = 5757, 71.8% men) were identified from registers of prescriptions, inpatient and specialized outpatient care, causes of death, sickness absence and disability pensions.MeasurementsMain outcome: hospitalization due to OUD. Secondary outcomes: hospitalization due to any cause; death due to all, natural and external causes. Mortality was analyzed with between‐individual multivariate‐adjusted Cox hazards regression model. Recurrent outcomes, such as hospitalizations, were analyzed with within‐individual analyses to eliminate selection bias. OUD medication use versus non‐use was modelled with PRE2DUP (from prescription drug purchases to drug use periods) method.FindingsBuprenorphine [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54–0.97] and methadone (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.59–0.93) use were associated with significantly lower risk of OUD hospitalization, but not any‐cause hospitalizations, compared with the time‐periods when the same individual did not use OUD medication. The use of buprenorphine and methadone were both associated with significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.34–0.59; HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.41–0.63, respectively), compared with non‐use of both medications. Similar results were found for risk of mortality due to external causes (HR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.27–0.54; HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.29–0.53, respectively), but not for mortality due to natural causes. The risk of OUD hospitalization and all‐cause mortality was decreased in all duration categories of studied medications (< 30, 31–180, 181–365 and >365 days), except for methadone use less than 30 days.ConclusionsThe use of buprenorphine and methadone are both associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization due to opioid use disorder and death due to all and external causes, when compared with non‐use.
Trajectories of e‐cigarette advertising exposure, e‐cigarette use and cigarette smoking in a sample of young adults from Hawaii
Authors: Pokhrel Pallav , Kawamoto Crissy T. , Pagano Ian , Herzog Thaddeus A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo test whether intrapersonal growth in e‐cigarette advertising exposure over time is associated with growth in e‐cigarette use and/or cigarette smoking.DesignLongitudinal study using four waves of data were collected in 6‐month intervals between 2018 and 2020.Setting and participantsParticipants were 2327 young adults recruited from colleges in Hawaii, USA.MeasurementsData were collected on demographics, e‐cigarette advertising exposure measured using the cued‐ recall method and recent (past 30‐day) cigarette and e‐cigarette use.FindingsThe average trajectory for e‐cigarette advertising exposure over time was significant and upward [M slope = 0.18 (0.14–0.22), P < 0.0001]. However, average trajectories for e‐cigarette [M slope = −0.08 (−0.18 to 0.02), P = 0.09] and cigarette [M slope = −0.14 (−0.30 to 0.02), P = 0.07] use were not. There were significant differences in individual level trajectories across participants for advertising exposure [σ2 = 0.12 (0.10–0.14), P < 0.0001], e‐cigarette use [σ2 = 0.22 (0.14–0.30), and cigarette smoking (σ2 = 0.17 [0.09–0.25], P < 0.0001). Individuals with an increasing rate of advertising exposure showed an increasing rate of e‐cigarette use [B = 0.63 (0.36–0.90), P < 0.0001). Neither initial level of, nor rate of change in, advertising exposure was significantly associated with cigarette smoking growth factors (P > 0.05). Higher initial level of e‐cigarette use was associated with higher initial level of cigarette smoking [B = 0.89 (0.69–1.09), P < 0.0001] but decreased rate of cigarette smoking over time [B = −0.12 (−0.20 to –0.04) P = 0.003]. Rate of change in e‐cigarette use was not associated with the rate of change in cigarette smoking (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIncreased exposure to e‐cigarette advertising appears to be associated with increased e‐cigarette use but not with increased cigarette smoking. Higher initial level of e‐cigarette use appears to be associated with higher initial level of cigarette smoking but may be associated with a decreasing rate of cigarette smoking over time.
Prevalence of alcohol use disorders in primary health‐care facilities in Russia in 2019
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Shield Kevin D. , Bunova Anna , Ferreira‐Borges Carina , Franklin Ari , Gornyi Boris , Rovira Pol , Neufeld Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo estimate prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) and alcohol dependence (AD) for Russia in 2019, based on clients in primary health‐care facilities.DesignCross‐sectional assessment of AUD and AD. Prevalence estimates were cross‐validated using a treatment multiplier methodology.SettingA total of 21 primary health‐care facilities, including dispanserization units (population health preventive care settings).ParticipantsA total of 2022 participants (986 women and 1036 men) 18 years of age and older.MeasurementsComposite International Diagnostic Interview.FindingsThe prevalence of AD and AUD was 7.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.9–8.1%] and 12.2% (95% CI = 10.8–13.6%), respectively. Marked sex differences were observed for the prevalence of AD (women: 2.8%; 95% CI = 1.7–3.8%; men: 12.2%; 95% CI = 10.3–14.1%) and AUD (women: 6.1%; 95% CI = 4.6–7.7%; men: 19.5%; 95% CI = 17.2–21.8%). Age patterns of AD and AUD prevalence were sex‐specific. Among women, the prevalence of AUD and AD was highest in the youngest age group and decreased with age. Among men, the prevalence of AUD and AD was highest among men aged 45–59 years. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the prevalence of AD as estimated using a treatment multiplier (6.5%; 95% CI = 5.0–8.9%) was similar to the estimates of the main analysis.ConclusionsEven though alcohol use has declined since 2003 in Russia, the prevalence of alcohol use disorders and alcohol dependence remains high at approximately 12 and 7%, respectively.
A uniquely distributed purpuric drug eruption from acalabrutinib
Authors: Truong Kelvin , Bhattacharyya Abir , Kim Jennifer , Wells Jillian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcalabrutinib is a second‐generation, highly selective Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (BTKi) indicated for use in some mature B‐cell malignancies. The authors describe a uniquely distributed drug reaction presenting as palpable purpura over the bilateral upper limbs. BTKi is theorised to cause haemorrhage through off‐target inhibition of Tec kinases and EGFR receptors. Dermatologists play an integral role in the multidisciplinary management of these patients to limit the negative impact on patient quality of life and, more importantly, to restrict dose reduction or treatment discontinuation.
The varieties of sonic experience: “Quiet” versus “not‐noise” in a Ghanaian harvest festival
Authors: Goshadze Mariam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Sacred calm engulfs Ghana's town of Nungua every year as the Ga people prepare to celebrate Kplejoo, their annual harvest festival. To honor the presence of deities at this time, the Ga ritual specialists introduce a week‐long restriction on drumming and noise‐making. The ritual quiet that descends over Nungua defies the conventional categorization of “quietness” as a sonically neutral category. In this context, “quietness” does not translate to the elimination of high frequencies of sound, but rather stands for the perfect sonic habitat for the visiting deities, whose aural sensibilities cannot be subsumed under the “worldly” sonic categories. The article adopts a cross‐world acoustemological approach to explore the sonically packed content of “quietness” or “not‐noise” in the ritual space of Nungua, placing a special emphasis on ritual songs that are not considered “noisy.” Since the appreciation of “not‐noise” is possible only once the deities are introduced into the picture, the work also calls for an increased focus on cross‐world sensory transmissions as an important methodological step in the anthropological study of the senses.
Landscapes of forgetting and structural silence in the American Southeast
Authors: Cobb Charles R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArchaeological studies of memory have shown how the past is continually resurrected through selective practices of remembrance. Strategies of social amnesia have received less attention, however. The US southeast provides a useful vantage point for exploring how landscape and the built environment legislated acts of forgetting at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Whereas platform mounds and plazas mediated tensions between remembrance and erasure within communities prior to the arrival of Europeans, later colonial encroachments on Indigenous lands led to the increasing importance of these features as anchors of memory. This shifting, topological record embodied heterogenous, disjunctive framings of temporality.
Ethnic disparities in Phyllodes Tumour in Aotearoa New Zealand: a retrospective review
Authors: Grinlinton Megan Elizabeth , McGuinness Matthew James , Christie Mary , Oldfield Robyn , Ramsaroop Reena , Moss David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhyllodes tumour (PT) is a rare breast neoplasm and little is known about its epidemiological risk factors. The literature suggests a higher incidence of PT in Asian patients and other minority ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there was a difference in incidence, grade and age at presentation for patients with PT among minority ethnic groups when compared with European patients in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ).MethodsA retrospective review was conducted across the three District Health Boards (DHBs) in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ), from 2008 to 2018 to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and clinical characteristics of PT. Demographic information and histology reports were reviewed to obtain relevant data. The primary outcome measure was ethnicity and the secondary outcome measures were age at presentation, tumour volume and grade.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐nine patients were included. The total number of non‐European patients were 108 (68%). Minority ethnic groups including Pasifika, Māori and MELAA were overrepresented in the patient cohort. Larger tumour volume was significantly correlated with higher tumour grade (p < 0.001). Pasifika patients presented with larger tumours (p 0.05) and at a younger age (p 0.027) when compared with European patients.ConclusionThis study found that patients with PT in AoNZ were significantly overrepresented in Asian, Pasifika and MELAA ethnic groups. Pasifika patients may be at an increased risk of presenting at a younger age with larger, higher grade tumours when compared with European patients. Further research is required to investigate the reasons behind these findings in minority ethnic groups.
The epidemiology of injuries related to falling trees and tree branches
Authors: Way Teagan L. , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrees are an essential component of our environment. However, falling trees and/or branches have the potential to cause serious morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to describe the nature and severity of tree related injuries based on admissions to a level 1 trauma centre.MethodsA retrospective review of all trauma admissions related to accidental tree failures was undertaken from January 2013 to June 2021. Patients were identified from the trauma registry using ICD‐10 code ‘W20’. We included basic demographics, hospital admission details and inpatient mortality. Weather information was obtained through the Bureau of Meteorology and remoteness was classified using the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia. Results are presented as mean, standard deviation, median and percentages.ResultsOut of 13 884 admissions, 37 (0.26%) were attributed to trees. 21 (0.15%) of those were injuries due to accidental tree failures and were included in the analysis. 38% were considered to be severely injured based on an injury severity score of greater than 15. 23.8% were polytrauma patients. The chest was the most commonly injured body region (47.6%). Two patients required intensive care admission with ventilator support. The majority of injuries occurred in outer regional areas and 52% of patients were injured when wind speed exceeded 20 km/h.ConclusionWe demonstrated that the likelihood of being injured by falling trees is very low. This information should be taken into account when planning future developments or considering the removal of existing trees in the interest of public safety.
Environmental determinants of human milk composition in relation to health outcomes
Authors: Gridneva Zoya , George Alexandra D. , Suwaydi Majed A. , Sindi Azhar S. , Jie Ma , Stinson Lisa F. , Geddes Donna T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHumans are exposed to environmental factors at every stage of life including infancy. The aim of this mini‐review was to present a narrative of environmental factors influencing human milk composition. Current literature shows lactation is a dynamic process and is responsive to multiple environmental challenges including geographical location, lifestyle, persistent pollutants and maternal factors (ethnicity, diet, stress, allergy and adiposity) that may influence human milk composition in a synergistic manner and should be considered in order to improve infant and maternal outcomes on a populations scale. Further interventional studies on larger international cohorts are needed to elucidate these complex relationships. Lactating women should aim for a healthy lifestyle and maintain a healthy body composition prior to and throughout the reproductive period, including during lactation.
Effects of dietary oligosaccharides on serum biochemical index, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant status in broilers
Authors: Yang Can , Tang Xiao Wu , Liu Xian , Yang Hai , Bin Dong Mei , Liu Hui Jing , Tang Qing Hai , Tang Jiao Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to determine the effect of different oligosaccharides on growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant status of broilers, 240 1‐day‐old XiangHuang broilers were randomly distributed to 4 treatments with 6 replicates each. Birds were fed corn‐soybean‐based diets (CON), and birds in xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS), fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS), and iso‐maltooligosaccharide (IMO) groups were given the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg XOS, FOS, and IMO, respectively. Result showed that average daily gain (ADG) during the whole 5 weeks in FOS group was greater than that in control group (p < 0.05). Both breast and thigh muscle percentages were higher for birds fed XOS versus CON (p < 0.05). Oligosaccharides supplementation increased jejunal villus height compared with control group (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in breast muscle was lower for birds fed diet containing FOS versus CON (p < 0.05). Activities of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) in serum and thigh muscle were higher in IMO than in control group (p < 0.05). Serum T‐SOD and breast muscle's glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity was higher in XOS compared with control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion, dietary oligosaccharides such as XOS, FOS, and IMO could improve intestinal health and antioxidant ability of muscle without affect growth performance in broilers.
High prevalence of hypertension and target organ damage in patients with 11β‐hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Sun Bang , Lu Lin , Gao Yinjie , Yu Bingqing , Chen Shi , Tong Anli , Wu Xueyan , Mao Jiangfeng , Wang Xi , Zhao Zhiyuan , Zhang Wei , Nie Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of hypertension and hypertension‐mediated organ damage (HMOD) had not been well studied in patients with 11β‐hydroxylase deficiency (11β‐OHD).ObjectiveThe study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and HMOD in patients with 11β‐OHD.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis in a single medical centre.PatientsTwenty‐eight patients with 11β‐OHD were recruited between January 2003 and June 2021, and their diagnosis had been confirmed by Sanger sequencing.MeasurementsBlood pressure and clinical indicators for the assessment of HMOD occurrence were collected from the medical records. Medication adherence of antihypertensive drugs and glucocorticoids were determined by the patients' biochemistry. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HMOD.ResultsPrevalence of hypertension and HMOD in the cohort was 100% and 50%, respectively. The kidneys (71.43%) are the organ most commonly damaged by high blood pressure, followed by the heart (64.29%), eyes (57.14%) and brain (21.43%). Risk factors of HMOD were hypokalemia (odds ratio [OR]: 9.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.634–51.43; p = .012), blood pressure ≥ 180/110 mmHg (OR: 22.0, 95% CI: 3.08–157.34; p = .002) and irregular glucocorticoid use (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.13–8.98; p = .021). Blood pressure ≥ 180/110 mmHg was an independent predictor for HMOD.ConclusionHypertension and HMOD are prevalent in patients with 11β‐OHD in our study. These findings illustrate the importance of early HMOD evaluation and optimal glucocorticoid medication in 11β‐OHD patients.