bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We'll starve to death”: The consequences of COVID‐19 over the lives of poor people with disabilities in rural Nepal
Authors: Sarker Debashis , Shrestha Sanjana , Tamang Santosh Kumar Baidhya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is no doubt that the sudden outbreak of COVID‐19 negatively impacted billions of people worldwide, and among them, people with disabilities became most susceptible. However, little is known about the impact of COVID‐19 on the lives of people with disabilities in Nepal. Using empirical data from semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with people with disabilities, disability specialist, and community leaders, this study discusses the lived experiences of people with disabilities who have been affected by COVID‐19 in Nepal. This study revealed that the outbreak of COVID‐19 impacted people with disabilities by worsening their vulnerability. In particular, the majority of people with disabilities became further isolated, were disconnected from existing services such as access to information, education, and health care and many lost their income opportunities. Findings from this study further show that this pandemic affected the rights of people with disabilities guided by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Immediate financial and non‐financial support for people with disabilities from government and other stakeholders, such as non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), is needed, indicating the need for policymakers to reassess policies to ensure that they adequately protect the rights of people with disabilities.
Major disparities in patient‐reported adherence compared to objective assessment of adherence using mass spectrometry: A prospective study in a tertiary‐referral hypertension clinic
Authors: Curneen James M. G. , Rabbitt Louise , Browne Darragh , O'Donoghue Darragh F. , Alansari Yousef , Harhen Brendan , Ní Ghríofa Ailbhe , Ferguson John , McEvoy John William , Lappin David , Finn David P. , O'Shea Paula M. , Dennedy Michael Conall 
Published: February 2022

AimMany challenges exist in determining true rates of adherence to antihypertensive medications among individuals in a clinic setting. For the first time, we aimed to compare patient‐reported antihypertensive adherence with objective evidence using mass spectrometry spot urinalysis in a tertiary referral clinic setting.MethodsA prospective observational single‐centre cohort study was performed in a tertiary referral hypertension clinic, encompassing antihypertensive initiation and persistence. Patients were referred with apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension or for suspected secondary causes. Participants completed a self‐reported assessment of antihypertensive adherence and provided a spot urine sample. The presence of antihypertensive medications and/or their respective metabolites was evaluated using high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were determined to be adherent if they demonstrated both self‐reported adherence and objective mass spectrometry evidence.ResultsOf all 105 eligible participants initially recruited, 73 (69.5%) met the eligibility criteria. Only 27.4% (95% confidence interval 0.2‐0.4) of participants demonstrated true adherence to their self‐reported antihypertensives, despite 75.3% (0.6‐0.8) reporting adherence. Greatest medication adherence was achieved with angiotensin II receptor blockers (61%), with calcium‐channel blockers and mineralocorticoid antagonists demonstrating least adherence (38%).ConclusionIn patients attending a tertiary hypertension clinic, the combined use of spot urine mass spectrometry and self‐reporting identifies higher rates of nonadherence when compared to either modality alone. Both techniques should be combined for more accurate detection of medication adherence.
Parsaclisib in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphoma (CITADEL‐111): A phase Ib study
Authors: Fukuhara Noriko , Suehiro Youko , Kato Harumi , Kusumoto Shigeru , Coronado Cinthya , Rappold Erica , Zhao Wanying , Li Jia , Gilmartin Aidan , Izutsu Koji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParsaclisib, a potent, selective, next‐generation PI3Kδ inhibitor, has shown clinical benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphoma. We undertook a phase Ib study (CITADEL‐111) evaluating safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of parsaclisib in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell malignancies. Patients received oral parsaclisib daily for 8 weeks then once weekly (10‐mg dose, n = 3; 20‐mg dose, n = 14). Pharmacokinetic samples were collected on days 1, 8, and 15, and efficacy was monitored according to Lugano criteria. At data cut‐off (August 14, 2020), 6 patients (35.3%) remained on study treatment and 11 (64.7%) discontinued due to progressive disease (9 [52.9%]) or adverse events (2 [11.8%]). Median duration of treatment was 8.3 (range, 0.3–24.4) months. The most commonly reported nonhematologic adverse events were constipation (6 [35.3%]), nausea, and pyrexia (each 4 [23.5%]). Five patients (29.4%) experienced treatment‐emergent new or worsening decreased neutrophils to grade 3 or 4. No treatment‐emergent worsening in aminotransferase elevations to grade 3 or 4 were observed. Ten patients (58.8%) required dose interruption and 5 (29.4%) dose reduction. Body weight–normalized parsaclisib exposure was comparable between Japanese and Western patients. Objective response rate was 100% in follicular lymphoma (9 of 9 patients, including complete response in 2 patients [22.2%]) and marginal zone lymphoma (2 of 2 patients), and 16.7% in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (1 of 6 patients). Results observed in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory follicular or marginal zone lymphoma support further clinical development of parsaclisib in these patient populations.
Toward a Theory of Interpretation in Dewey's Educational Philosophy
Authors: Nikolaidis A. C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTJohn Dewey's lifelong quest for a worthy education was characterized by a fervor for collapsing false dualisms. One such dualism — that between traditional and progressive education — led him to embrace a vision of the teacher as interpreter and guide of the student. Notwithstanding Dewey's emphasis on the salient role of interpretation, there are no comprehensive accounts that explain how Dewey envisioned this very interpretive task that teachers are expected to undertake. In response to this lack, A. C. Nikolaidis draws from the corpus of Dewey's work to reconstruct a Deweyan “theory of interpretation.” This theory brings together hermeneutic elements in Dewey's work — akin to those of Hans‐Georg Gadamer — and his commitment to scientific experimentalism. In doing so, it presents a new perspective on the way we think of Dewey's relation to Continental philosophy, extending similar contemporary scholarship such as Paul Fairfield's. Moreover, it provides important insights on Dewey's pedagogy as this relates to classroom practices, curriculum development, and more.
Global biogeographic patterns of avian morphological diversity
Authors: Hughes Emma C. , Edwards David P. , Bright Jen A. , Capp Elliot J.R. , Cooney Christopher R. , Varley Zoë K. , Thomas Gavin H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the biogeographical patterns, and evolutionary and environmental drivers, underpinning morphological diversity are key for determining its origins and conservation. Using a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8353 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data, we find that avian morphological diversity is unevenly distributed globally, even after controlling for species richness, with exceptionally dense packing of species in hyper‐diverse tropical hotspots. At the regional level, these areas also have high morphological variance, with species exhibiting high phenotypic diversity. Evolutionary history likely plays a key role in shaping these patterns, with evolutionarily old species contributing to niche expansion, and young species contributing to niche packing. Taken together, these results imply that the tropics are both ‘cradles’ and ‘museums’ of phenotypic diversity.
Flight hampers the evolution of weapons in birds
Authors: Menezes João C. T. , Palaoro Alexandre V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBirds are a remarkable example of how sexual selection can produce diverse ornaments and behaviours. Specialised fighting structures like deer's antlers, in contrast, are mostly absent among birds. Here, we investigated if the birds’ costly mode of locomotion—powered flight—helps explain the scarcity of weapons among members of this clade. Our simulations of flight energetics predicted that the cost of bony spurs—a specialised avian weapon—should increase with time spent flying. Bayesian phylogenetic comparative analyses using a global spur dataset corroborated this prediction. First, extant species with flight‐efficient wings (which presumably fly more frequently) tend to have fewer or no bony spurs. Second, this association likely arose because flying more leads to more frequent evolutionary loss of spurs. Together, these findings suggest that, much like pneumatic bones, absence of weaponry may be another feature of the avian body plan that allows birds to efficiently explore the aerial habitat.
Predicting Mohs surgery complexity by applying machine learning to patient demographics and tumor characteristics
Authors: Shoham Gon , Berl Ariel , Shir‐az Ofir , Shabo Sharon , Shalom Avshalom 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is considered the gold standard for difficult‐to‐treat malignant skin tumors, whose incidence is on the rise. Currently, there are no agreed upon classifiers to predict complex MMS procedures. Such classifiers could enable better patient scheduling, reduce staff burnout and improve patient education. Our goal was to create an accessible and interpretable classifier(s) that would predict complex MMS procedures. A retrospective study applying machine learning models to a dataset of 8644 MMS procedures to predict complex wound reconstruction and number of MMS procedure stages. Each procedure record contained preoperative data on patient demographics, estimated clinical tumor size prior to surgery (mean diameter), tumor characteristics and tumor location, and postoperative procedure outcomes included the wound reconstruction technique and the number of MMS stages performed in order to achieve tumor‐free margins. For the number of stages complexity classification model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.79 (good performance), with model accuracy of 77%, sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 77%, positive prediction value (PPV) of 14% and negative prediction value (NPV) of 98%. The results for the wound reconstruction complexity classification model were 0.84 for the AUROC (excellent performance), with model accuracy of 75%, sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 76%, PPV of 39% and NPV of 93%. The ML models we created predict the complexity of the components that comprise the MMS procedure. Using the accessible and interpretable tool we provide online, clinicians can improve the management and well‐being of their patients. Study limitation is that models are based on data generated from a single surgeon.
Multi‐decadal environmental change in the Barents Sea recorded by seal teeth
Authors: de la Vega Camille , Buchanan Pearse J. , Tagliabue Alessandro , Hopkins Joanne E. , Jeffreys Rachel M. , Frie Anne Kirstine , Biuw Martin , Kershaw Joanna , Grecian James , Norman Louisa , Smout Sophie , Haug Tore , Mahaffey Claire 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple environmental forcings, such as warming and changes in ocean circulation and nutrient supply, are affecting the base of Arctic marine ecosystems, with cascading effects on the entire food web through bottom‐up control. Stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) can be used to detect and unravel the impact of these forcings on this unique ecosystem, if the many processes that affect the δ15N values are constrained. Combining unique 60‐year records from compound specific δ15N biomarkers on harp seal teeth alongside state‐of‐the‐art ocean modelling, we observed a significant decline in the δ15N values at the base of the Barents Sea food web from 1951 to 2012. This strong and persistent decadal trend emerges due to the combination of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Atlantic, increased northward transport of Atlantic water through Arctic gateways and local feedbacks from increasing Arctic primary production. Our results suggest that the Arctic ecosystem has been responding to anthropogenically induced local and remote drivers, linked to changing ocean biology, chemistry and physics, for at least 60 years. Accounting for these trends in δ15N values at the base of the food web is essential to accurately detect ecosystem restructuring in this rapidly changing environment.
Do we have friendly services to meet the needs of young women exposed to intimate partner violence in the Madrid region?
Authors: Durán‐Martín Eva , Vives‐Cases Carmen , Otero‐García Laura , Castellanos‐Torres Esther , Sanz‐Barbero Belen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionWomen experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) do not tend to go very frequently to formal support services. The objective of this study is to identify barriers related to the accessibility, acceptability, equity, appropriateness and effectiveness of IPV services from the perspective of the professionals working in the IPV public services.MethodsA qualitative study was carried out in the Madrid region based on 13 semi‐structured interviews of young women who had survived IPV as well as 17 interviews with professionals. A thematic content analysis was performed, guided by the dimensions proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for friendly services for young people.ResultsFrom the perspective of the young women and professionals, barriers were identified for all the dimensions of the WHO's friendly services for young people: accessibility: lack of information and support from the social setting, scarce dissemination of the services, economic cost, non‐adapted schedules, inadequate locations or lack of services in settings close to young people; acceptability: lack of protocols to guarantee confidentiality, lack of speed in the provision of services or their referral, unwelcoming environments or unsympathetic professional malpractice; equity: discriminatory professional attitudes towards groups with different social status and lack of protocols to ensure the care of these groups; appropriateness: unmet needs and lack of multidisciplinary teams; and effectiveness: shortage of time, resources, competent professionals, protocols and coordination.ConclusionsStrategies are needed to make the necessary changes to promote friendly services for the care of young people exposed to IPV. Additionally, it must be emphasized that resources are needed to raise awareness and disseminate IPV services, as well as to train professionals in this area.Patient or Public ContributionThis paper is based on professionals' perspectives of public IPV‐related services of different areas such as Psychology, Social Work, Nursing, Psychiatry, Social Education and young women exposed to IPV. They either work in the public administration at the local, regional or state level or in NGOs in Spain.
Experiences of health professionals diagnosed with COVID‐19 in coping with the disease
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Nur Elçin , Ok Elif , Temel Münire 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThis study evaluates the experiences of health professionals diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in coping with the disease.BackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, health professionals faced various physical and psychological difficulties. Many of them were also infected with COVID‐19.MethodsThis study used a descriptive phenomenological approach and was conducted between May and June 2020. The participants were 24 health professionals who were diagnosed with COVID‐19. Data were collected by phone using semistructured and in‐depth interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven‐step method with the support of MAXQDA software.ResultsAfter the data analysis, the primary codes were extracted, and subthemes were created by categorizing these codes. The subthemes were organized, and themes were created. From the perspective of the participants, four main themes emerged: effects of the disease process on the participants, feelings of the disease process, differences in being infected with COVID‐19 as a health professional, and ways to cope with the disease.ConclusionThe reactions of the people around them, their feelings and experiences, and their environmental and institutional support systems affected the ways health professionals coped with COVID‐19.Implications for health policy and nursingHealth managers should provide medical, psychosocial, and legal resources as soon as possible so that health professionals diagnosed with COVID‐19 can receive the treatment and care that they need. COVID‐19 should be considered an occupational disease by health professionals all over the world.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody levels among Thai healthcare providers receiving homologous and heterologous COVID‐19 vaccination regimens
Authors: Kittikraisak Wanitchaya , Hunsawong Taweewun , Punjasamanvong Somsak , Wongrapee Thanapat , Suttha Patama , Piyaraj Phunlerd , Leepiyasakulchai Chaniya , Tanathitikorn Chuleeekorn , Yoocharoen Pornsak , Jones Anthony R. , Mongkolsirichaikul Duangrat , Westercamp Matthew , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Mott Joshua A. , Chottanapund Suthat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe examined SARS‐CoV‐2 anti‐spike 1 IgG antibody levels following COVID‐19 vaccination (AstraZeneca [AZ], Sinovac [SV], Pfizer‐BioNTech [PZ]) among Thai healthcare providers.MethodsBlood specimens were tested using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed seven vaccination regimens: (1) one dose of AZ or SV, (2) two doses of homologous (2AZ, 2SV) or heterologous (1AZ + 1PZ) vaccines, and (3) three doses of heterologous vaccines (2SV + 1AZ, 2SV + 1PZ). Differences in antibody levels were assessed using Kruskal–Wallis statistic, Mann–Whitney test, or Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank test. Antibody kinetics were predicted using fractional polynomial regression.ResultsThe 563 participants had median age of 39 years; 92% were female; 74% reported no underlying medical condition. Antibody levels peaked at 22–23 days in both 1AZ and 2SV vaccinees and dropped below assay's cutoff for positive (35.2 binding antibody units/ml [BAU/ml]) in 55 days among 1AZ vaccinees compared with 117 days among 2SV vaccinees. 1AZ + 1PZ vaccination regimen was highly immunogenic (median 2279 BAU/ml) 1–4 weeks post vaccination. 2SV + 1PZ vaccinees had significantly higher antibody levels than 2SV + 1AZ vaccinees 4 weeks post vaccination (3423 vs. 2105 BAU/ml; p‐value < 0.01), and during weeks 5–8 (3656 vs. 1072 BAU/ml; p‐value < 0.01). Antibodies peaked at 12–15 days in both 2SV + 1PZ and 2SV + 1AZ vaccinees, but those of 2SV + 1AZ declined more rapidly and dropped below assay's cutoff in 228 days while those of 2SV + 1PZ remained detectable.Conclusions1AZ + 1PZ, 2SV + 1AZ, and 2SV + 1PZ vaccinees had substantial IgG levels, suggesting that these individuals likely mounted sufficient anti‐S1 IgG antibodies for possible protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
An Unexpected Shift to an Online Design Studio Course: Student Insights on Design Critiques
Authors: Tüfek Tuğçe Ecem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOnline education is not a common practice in design education. As the cornerstone of design education, the design studio incorporates a hands‐on approach that stems from its materiality. This tactile character of the design studio has been challenged by the recent pandemic since many design schools and departments decided to proceed with their education online. Consequently, some fundamental pedagogical mechanisms that rely on the distinct habitat of the design studio were moved to the online context. Design critiques, a crucial activity in communicating design knowledge, were also carried to online channels. This shift from the physical to the online environment caused some changes in both the communication and understanding of design critiques. In the light of recent developments, this article reflects on students’ perceptions of design critiques in an online studio setting. In‐depth interviews were conducted with six industrial design students who started their semester in a physical studio environment but continued online. The study demonstrates that the students’ impressions of design critiques have been affected by several factors that can be grouped under three categories: crit actors, crit process and crit context.
Brand equity and corporate debt structure
Authors: Mauer David C. , Villatoro Natalia , Zhang Yilei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe use the firm's stock of trademarks and their ages to compute proxies for brand equity. We find that firms with more brand equity have lower equity and asset volatility and higher cash flows. Although suggestive of greater debt capacity, we find that firms with high brand equity use less debt. Further, brand equity has no influence on debt maturity. We provide evidence that the relation between brand equity and leverage is causal, using the enactment of the Federal Trademark Dilution Act in 1996, which exogenously increased the value of famous brands and significantly decreased the leverage ratio of firms with famous brands. This negative effect on leverage is weaker for firms with high business risk and low information asymmetry, and stronger for firms with collateralized trademarks. We argue that the negative effect of brand equity on leverage is more consistent with a pecking order mechanism than with a limited contractability mechanism.
Joint effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on the species assemblage of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Jiekun , Lin Haoxian , Wang Runxi , Dai Chao , Yu Hongyin , Tu Jiahao , Yu Jiehua , Jiang Haisheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimMountains harbour a rich and non‐random cluster of species, yet knowledge of the species' biological attributes that support their coexistence in the montane community is limited. Here, we investigated the association of species occurrence on the Tibetan Plateau with their morphological, ecological or evolutionary constraints.LocationTibetan Plateau (TP).TaxonMammals and birds.MethodsWe tested whether species occurrence on the TP correlates with morphological, ecological or evolutionary constraints using the spatial distribution, phylogeny, dispersal ability and thermal niche property data for 1353 terrestrial vertebrates (383 mammals and 970 birds). We used standard (non‐phylogenetic) and phylogenetic logistic regressions to elucidate the relative contributions of these attributes of species to explaining their occurrence on the TP. We assessed the geographical patterns of the community structures on the TP and fitted linear mixed models to explore the underlying eco‐evolutionary forces.ResultsThe TP species exhibited a higher cold tolerance, wider thermal niche breadth and higher rate of niche evolution than non‐TP species. We supported the assumption that the TP species were not a random subset from the species pool, but were structured jointly by environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. While dispersal and ecological processes underlying species assemblages varied spatially and among taxa, we found that species in stressful environments were limited by environmental filtering, whereas dispersal limitation was more pronounced under favourable climatic conditions.Main conclusionsOur study finds that environmental filtering and dispersal limitation jointly shape the species assemblage on the TP. These findings provide significant insights into community assembly processes on the TP and other montane ecosystems on Earth, especially those that are sensitive to global warming.