bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting neuromuscular control patterns that minimize ACL forces during injury‐prone jump‐landing manoeuvres in downhill skiing using a musculoskeletal simulation model
Authors: Heinrich Dieter , van den Bogert Antonie J. , Nachbauer Werner 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTCompetitive skiers encounter a high risk of sustaining an ACL injury during jump‐landing in downhill ski racing. Facing an injury‐prone landing manoeuvre, there is a lack of knowledge regarding optimum control strategies. So, the purpose of the present study was to investigate possible neuromuscular control patterns to avoid injury during injury‐prone jump‐landing manoeuvres. A computational approach was used to generate a series of 190 injury‐prone jump‐landing manoeuvres based on a 25‐degree‐of‐freedom sagittal plane musculoskeletal skier model. Using a dynamic optimization framework, each injury‐prone landing manoeuvre was resolved to identify muscle activation patterns of the lower limbs and corresponding kinematic changes that reduce peak ACL force. In the 190 injury‐prone jump‐landing simulations, ACL forces peaked during the first 50 ms after ground contact. Optimized muscle activation patterns, that reduced peak ACL forces, showed increased activation of the monoarticular hip flexors, ankle dorsi‐ and plantar flexors as well as hamstrings prior to or during the early impact phase (<50 ms). The corresponding kinematic changes were characterized by increased hip and knee flexion and less backward lean of the skier at initial ground contact and the following impact phase. Injury prevention strategies should focus on increased activation of the monoarticular hip flexors, ankle plantar flexors and rapid and increased activation of the hamstrings in combination with a flexed landing position and decreased backward lean to reduce ACL injury risk during the early impact phase (<50 ms) of jump landing.Highlights
First study investigating advantageous control strategies during injury‐prone jump‐landing manoeuvres in downhill skiing using a musculoskeletal simulation model and dynamic optimization framework.
The simulation results predicted high injury risk during the first 50 ms after initial ground contact.
Optimized neuromuscular control patterns showed adapted activation patterns (timing and amplitude) of muscles crossing the knee as well as the hip and ankle joints prior to and after initial ground contact, respectively.
An optimized control strategy during an injury‐prone landing manoeuvre was characterized kinematically by increasing hip and knee flexion and less backward lean of the skier at initial ground contact and the following impact phase.
Utilization of Free Soft Tissue Grafts in Otoplasty: A Simple Yet Effective Way to Avoid Suture Extrusion
Authors: Alzayadneh Islam , Glikson Eran , Shapiro Jordan , Rival Ella , Solomon Zachary , Solomon Philip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Prominent ear deformity occurs in 5% of the general population and has been treated by otoplasty for many years to address the psychosocial challenges of having such a deformity. There is extensive literature but no consensus on the best method to address potential surgical complications, including suture extrusion.

Objectives
The aim of this article was to describe a surgical technique designed to reduce suture extrusion following otoplasty surgery by placing free soft tissue grafts between Mustardé sutures and postauricular skin.

Methods
Two hundred and eleven patients who underwent otoplasties with soft tissue grafts between January 2017 and January 2020 were included in this study. All surgeries were performed by 2 facial plastic surgeons with more than 20 years of experience each, practicing in Toronto, Canada. Patients were followed up to assess for suture extrusion between 12 and 36 months (median, 21 months) postoperatively. The rates of suture complications and extrusion were compared with those previously reported in the literature.

Results
Only 2 patients out of 211 (0.47%) had unilateral suture extrusion and were treated with suture removal. This is dramatically lower than the upper values reported in the literature, which average 5.55% (range, 0%-22.2%).

Conclusions
A soft tissue graft separating the Mustardé sutures and postauricular skin acts as a barrier, and can be used in conjunction with traditional surgical techniques. By adding this graft in the proposed manner, there is additional tissue reinforcing the suture repair, thereby reducing the rates of suture complications and extrusion without increasing the operative time.

Level of Evidence: 4
Role of solar power in shifting the Turkish electricity sector towards sustainability
Authors: Kursun Berrin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work covers a three-stage evaluation: cradle-to-grave life-cycle assessment (LCA) of polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) and monocrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar photovoltaics (PVs) as on-grid utility-scale energy options; environmental-impact distribution of pc-Si and mc-Si combinations under local conditions in Turkey; and assessment of the role of solar power in improving the environmental performance of the Turkish electricity mix. In LCA, mc-Si panels are found to have 4.47–9.16% higher environmental impacts than pc-Si panels in absolute terms. However, the higher efficiency and slower degradation rate of mc-Si panels make them have lower impacts on a kWh electricity basis. For the solar PV combination, the global-warming potential (GWP) and human-toxicity potential (HTP) results are found to be significantly lower than that of home-scale pc-Si systems (27.1–34.4 g versus 33.7–59.9 g CO2 equivalent (eq)/kWh 30.6–38.9 g versus 65.9–117 g 1–4 dichlorobenzene (g 1–4 DB) eq/kWh) operating in Turkey due to the higher capacity and efficiency of the utility-scale system. This result reveals the advantage of utilizing solar power as a centralized energy option for the country. All of the eight impacts that we evaluated reduce increasingly with increasing solar percentage in the electricity mix. The general tendency is that each percentage increase in solar electricity in the mix reduces each impact by ~1.0%. With a conservative assumption, if the solar power ratio in the mix increases to 15% by 2030, a GWP reduction of 31.3 million tons can be achieved. This corresponds to 12.7% of the greenhouse-gas mitigation commitment (246 million tons CO2 eq) made by Turkey under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. With the Turkish electricity sector being dominated by imported coal and natural gas, the obtained results reveal the potential of solar power in improving the environmental performance of the electricity mix in Turkey.
Spontaneous Clearance of Vertically Acquired Hepatitis C Infection: Implications for Testing and Treatment
Authors: Ades A E , Gordon Fabiana , Scott Karen , Collins Intira Jeannie , Thorne Claire , Pembrey Lucy , Chappell Elizabeth , Mariné-Barjoan Eugènia , Butler Karina , Indolfi Giuseppe , Gibb Diana M , Judd Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend that infants born to women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia be screened for HCV antibody at age 18 months and, if positive, referred for RNA testing at 3 years to confirm chronic infection. This policy is based, in part, on analyses that suggest that 25%–40% of vertically acquired HCV infections clear spontaneously within 4–5 years.MethodsData on 179 infants with HCV RNA and/or anti-HCV evidence of vertically acquired infection in 3 prospective European cohorts were investigated. Ages at clearance of infection were estimated taking account of interval censoring and delayed entry. We also investigated clearance in initially HCV RNA–negative infants in whom RNA was not detectable until after 6 weeks.ResultsClearance rates were initially high then declined slowly. Apparently, many infections clear before they can be confirmed. An estimated 65.9% (95% credible interval [CrI], 50.1–81.6) of confirmed infections cleared by 5 years, at a median 12.4 (CrI, 7.1–18.9) months. If treatment were to begin at age 6 months, 18 months, or 3 years, at least 59.0% (CrI, 42.0–76.9), 39.7% (CrI, 17.9–65.9), and 20.9% (CrI, 4.6–44.8) of those treated would clear without treatment. In 7 (6.6%) confirmed infections, RNA was not detectable until after 6 weeks and not until after 6 months in 2 (1.9%). However, all such cases subsequently cleared.ConclusionsMost confirmed infection cleared by age 3 years. Treatment before age 3, if it was available, would avoid loss to follow-up but would result in substantial overtreatment.
Reliability Assessment of Combined Hardware–Software Non-repairable Time-Critical Systems
Authors: Verma Anjushi , Gayen Tirthankar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although there exist various reliability assessment models, many of these models did not consider the temporal incorrectness, incompatibilities and dependencies between hardware and software. Also, many models did not consider the hardware changes, software changes and hardware changes leading to software changes resulting in system failure. Thus, an approach that considers various aspects like pure software failures, pure hardware failures, software change, hardware change, hardware change leading to software change and incompatibility issues between hardware and software components (in the presence of temporal incorrectness) leading to the failure of non-repairable time-critical heterogeneous software systems has been developed. This approach considers the operation of the hardware–software system, both in normal (non-degraded) and degraded modes. The proposed approach was applied to a time-critical stepper motor system, results were obtained and a case study was performed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been analyzed by comparing the results obtained from the proposed approach with the results obtained from the other existing approaches.
Improving the Performance of Feature Selection Methods with Low-Sample-Size Data
Authors: Zheng Wanwan , Jin Mingzhe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Feature selection refers to a critical preprocessing of machine learning to remove irrelevant and redundant data. According to feature selection methods, sufficient samples are usually required to select a reliable feature subset, especially considering the presence of outliers. However, sufficient samples cannot always be ensured in several real-world applications (e.g. neuroscience, bioinformatics and psychology). This study proposed a method to improve the performance of feature selection methods with ultra low-sample-size data, which is named feature selection based on data quality and variable training samples (QVT). Given that none of feature selection methods can perform optimally in all scenarios, QVT is primarily characterized by its versatility, because it can be implemented in any feature selection method. Furthermore, compared to the existing methods which tried to extract a stable feature subset for low-sample-size data by increasing the sample size or using more complicated algorithm, QVT tried to get improvement using the original data. An experiment was performed using 20 benchmark datasets, three feature selection methods and three classifiers to verify the feasibility of QVT; the results showed that using features selected by QVT is capable of achieving higher classification accuracy than using the explicit feature selection method, and significant differences exist.
Salivary biomarkers and esophageal disorders
Authors: Patel Vandan , Ma Steven , Yadlapati Rena 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Saliva is a complex physiologic fluid that contains an abundance of biological analytes, or biomarkers. Recent research has shown that these biomarkers may be able to convey the physiologic health of a person. Work has been done linking derangements in these salivary biomarkers to a wide variety of pathologic disorders ranging from oncologic diseases to atopic conditions. The specific area of interest for this review paper is esophageal disorders. Particularly because the diagnosis and management of esophageal disorders often includes invasive testing such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy, prolonged pH monitoring, and biopsy. The aim of this review will be to explore salivary biomarkers (pepsin, bile, epidermal growth factor, and micro-RNA) that are being studied as they relate specifically to esophageal disorders. Finally, it will explore the benefits of salivary testing and identify areas of possible future research.
Early volume loss of skeletal muscle after esophagectomy: a risk for late-onset postoperative pneumonia
Authors: Nishimura Koudai , Miyata Kazushi , Fukaya Masahide , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Uehara Kay , Yamaguchi Junpei , Mizuno Takashi , Onoe Shunsuke , Ogura Atsushi , Ebata Tomoki 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Late-onset postoperative pneumonia (LOPP) after esophagectomy is poorly understood. This study was designed to clarify the features and risk factors for this event. Patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between 2006 and 2016 were included. LOPP was defined as radiologically proven pneumonia that occurred over 3 months after surgery, and clinically relevant late-onset postoperative pneumonia (CR-LOPP) was defined as LOPP that required administration of oxygen and antibiotics in the hospital and/or more intensive treatment. The total psoas muscle area (TPA) was measured using preoperative and postoperative (at 3 months after surgery) computed tomography scan images. Potential risk factors for CR-LOPP were investigated. Among 175 study patients, 46 (26.3%) had LOPP, 29 (16.6%) of whom exhibited CR-LOPP with a cumulative incidence of 15.6% at 3 years and 22.4% at 5 years. Four (13.8%) of these patients died of LOPP. Univariable analysis showed that clinical stage ≥III (P = 0.005), preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) &lt;45 (P = 0.035), arrhythmia (P = 0.014), postoperative hospital stay ≥40 days (P = 0.003), and percent decrease of TPA more than 5% (P &lt; 0.001) were associated with CR-LOPP but not early onset postoperative pneumonia. Multivariable analysis revealed that clinical stage ≥III (hazard ratio [HR] 3.01, P = 0.004), postoperative hospital stay ≥40 days (HR 2.51, P = 0.015), and percent decrease of TPA &gt;5% (HR 9.93, P &lt; 0.001) were independent risk factors for CR-LOPP. CR-LOPP occurred in over 20% of patients at 5 years, and early postoperative loss of TPA was a potential trigger for this delayed complication.
Meat Intake Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Ulcerative Colitis in a Large European Prospective Cohort Studyø
Authors: Dong Catherine , Chan Simon S M , Jantchou Prevost , Racine Antoine , Oldenburg Bas , Weiderpass Elisabete , Heath Alicia K , Tong Tammy Y N , Tjønneland Anne , Kyrø Cecilie , Bueno de Mesquita Bas , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena A , Bergman Manuela M , Boeing Heiner , Palli Domenico , Masala Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Colorado-Yohar Sandra M , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Grip Olof , Lindgren Stefan , Luben Robert , Huybrechts Inge , Gunter Marc J , Mahamat-Saleh Yahya , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Carbonnel Franck 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWe aimed to investigate the association between protein intake and risk of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.MethodsA total of 413 593 participants from eight European countries were included. Dietary data were collected at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. Dietary data were calibrated to correct errors in measures related to each country-specific questionnaire. Associations between proteins [total, animal, and vegetable] or food sources of animal proteins, and IBD risk were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up of 16 years, 177 patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] and 418 with ulcerative colitis [UC], were identified. There was no association between total protein, animal protein, or vegetable protein intakes and CD or UC risks. Total meat and red meat intakes were associated with UC risk (hazard ratio [HR] for the 4th vs 1st quartile = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-1.98, p-trend = 0.01; and 1.61, 95% CI = 1.10-2.36, p-trend = 0.007, respectively]. There was no association between other food sources of animal protein [processed meat, fish, shellfish, eggs, poultry] and UC. We found no association between food sources of animal proteins and CD risk.ConclusionsMeat and red meat consumptions are associated with higher risks of UC. These results support dietary counselling of low meat intake in people at high-risk of IBD.
Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Resource Utilisation Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the USA
Authors: Ungaro Ryan C , Chou Bonnie , Mo Jason , Ursos Lyann , Twardowski Rachel , Candela Ninfa , Colombel Jean-Frederic 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is largely unknown. We characterised the impact of COVID-19 on IBD care by conducting an analysis of US health care claims data.

Methods
We obtained de-identified, open-source, health insurance claims data, from January 2019 to December 2020, from the Symphony Health Integrated Dataverse for US adults with IBD, and measured the rates per 1000 patients of five outcomes: colonoscopies; new biologic or small molecule treatment initiations or treatment switches; new biologic or small molecule treatment initiations or treatment switches in patients who had a colonoscopy within the previous 60 days; IBD-related surgeries; and telehealth consultations.

Results
For 2019 and 2020, 1.32 million and 1.29 million patients with IBD, respectively, were included in the analysis. In March–April 2020, the rates of colonoscopies [17.39 vs 34.44], new biologic or small molecule treatment initiations or switches in patients who had a colonoscopy within the previous 60 days [0.76 vs 1.18], and IBD-related surgeries [2.33 vs 2.99] per 1000 patients were significantly decreased versus January–February 2020; significant year on year decreases versus 2019 were also observed. Telehealth utilisation increased in March 2020 and remained higher than in 2019 up to December 2020.

Conclusions
Reduction in colonoscopies and subsequent initiation/switching of treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest lost opportunities for therapy optimisation which may have an impact on longer-term patient outcomes. Increased utilisation of telehealth services may have helped address gaps in routine clinical care.
Primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with cardiac tamponade: a case report
Authors: Berton Laurens , Van Ballaer Valerie , Ghekiere Olivier , De Caluwé Eva 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Primary cardiac tumours are extremely rare with an autopsy incidence of 0.05%. They can present with a variety of symptoms, including life-threatening arrhythmia and cardiac tamponade. In this case report, we focus on the diagnostic process and management of a primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) presenting with cardiac tamponade.

Case summary
We report on a 71-year-old male presenting with a large pericardial effusion, tamponade, and a mass in the right atrioventricular groove. Multimodality imaging was performed, including transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy. The final diagnosis of a double-hit diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphoma was made, for which treatment consisting of a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy was initiated. Low-dose colchicine was also added to the treatment.

Discussion
Primary cardiac lymphoma remains a very rare diagnosis and this case highlights the need for multimodality imaging and imaging-guided biopsy to differentiate cardiac masses. First-line treatment for PCL remains a combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy, with the addition of low-dose colchicine to prevent recurrence of malignant pericardial effusion.
May-Thurner syndrome in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case series
Authors: Ormiston Cameron K. , Padilla Erika , Van David T. , Boone Christine , You Sophie , Roberts Anne C. , Hsiao Albert , Taub Pam R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), and May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) are three syndromes that are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. The true prevalence of these syndromes may be higher than currently reported. The following case series is the first to report a three-way association between POTS, EDS, and MTS.

Case summary
We describe three patients with concomitant POTS, EDS, and MTS. Although abdominopelvic vasculature evaluation can be difficult via conventional imaging techniques, we present the use of novel dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography with Differential Subsampling with Cartesian Ordering (DISCO) and four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging to aid vasculature evaluation and the diagnosis of MTS. Two patients underwent left common iliac vein stenting to treat MTS, experiencing significant improvement in their POTS symptoms and quality of life.

Discussion
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, POTS, and MTS may interact synergistically to exacerbate symptoms. Patients with EDS should be evaluated for possible POTS and pelvic venous complications. Left common iliac vein stenting for MTS can mitigate POTS symptoms by decreasing lower extremity venous pooling and should be considered in this patient population. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanism and intricacies of this syndrome triad.
Dysregulation of ACE-1 in Normal Aging and the Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: MacLachlan Robert , Kehoe Patrick Gavin , Miners J Scott 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An imbalance in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with cognitive decline and disease pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we have investigated changes in the brain angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II), and the counter-regulatory angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), in the frontal and temporal cortex during normal aging and in the early stages of AD. We studied a cohort of normal aging (n = 121; 19–95 years age-at-death) from the Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and AD and age-matched controls (n = 60) from the South West Dementia Brain Bank, University of Bristol, United Kingdom, stratified according to Braak tangle stage (BS): 0–II, III–IV (intermediate disease), and V–VI (end-stage disease). ACE-1 and ACE-2 enzyme activity were measured using fluorogenic peptide activity assays. ACE-1, ACE-2, and Ang-II protein level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In both regions, ACE-1 protein and Ang-II levels correlated positively with age whereas ACE-1 enzyme activity was inversely related to age. ACE-1 protein correlated positively with Ang-II, whilst ACE-1 activity correlated inversely with Ang-II in normal aging. ACE-1 enzyme activity was elevated at an early/intermediate stage, BS III–IV compared to BS 0–II in the temporal cortex in AD. ACE-2 protein and enzyme activity were unchanged with aging and in AD. In conclusion, ACE-1 activity is induced in the early stages of AD independently from normal physiological age-related changes in ACE-1 protein.