bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Biosimilar SAR342434 Insulin Lispro and Japan‐Approved Humalog Insulin Lispro in Healthy Japanese Subjects
Authors: Shiramoto Masanari , Yoshihara Tatsuya , Schmider Wolfgang , Takahashi Yoshinori , Nowotny Irene , Kajiwara Miyuki , Muto Hideya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis phase 1 study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) and glucose pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of biosimilar SAR342434 insulin lispro and Japan‐reference Humalog insulin lispro. This was a randomized, double‐blind, 2‐period, crossover study. Thirty‐six healthy Japanese male subjects underwent a 10‐hour euglycemic clamp following a single subcutaneous 0.3‐U/kg dose of SAR342434 or Humalog. Insulin lispro concentration and blood glucose were measured, and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) was adjusted to maintain the target blood glucose level. Primary PK end points were maximum plasma insulin lispro concentration and area under the plasma insulin concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration. Primary PD end points were area under the GIR–time curve from time 0 to 10 hours and maximum GIR. PK exposure (maximum plasma concentration and AUC from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration) and PD activity (GIR‐AUC from time 0 to 10 hours and maximum GIR) were similar between treatments. Geometric mean ratios were close to 1, and the corresponding 90% and 95%CIs (PK and PD activity, respectively) were within the 0.80 to 1.25 equivalence range. SAR342434 and Humalog were well tolerated. In healthy Japanese males, SAR342434 and Humalog showed similar PK exposure profiles and PD potency, in support of SAR342434 use as a biosimilar product.
Combined deep centralized coordinate learning and hybrid loss for human activity recognition
Authors: Bourjandi Masoumeh , Yadollahzadeh‐Tabari Meisam , Golsorkhtabaramiri Mehdi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman activity recognition has been a popular research topic in recent years. The rapid development of deep learning techniques has greatly helped researchers to achieve success in this field. During the training process with deep learning techniques, features and time dependencies between them are well learned. However, researchers generally ignore the distribution of extracted features in the coordinate space despite their significant effect on classification and network convergence status. The present article utilizes a simple but effective centralized coordinate learning method that dispersedly spans extracted features across the coordinate space. This method causes the angle between the features of different classes to increase significantly. A hybrid loss function is also suggested to enhance the discriminative power of learned features. Some experiments were carried out on the OPPORTUNITY and the PAMAP2 datasets. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the recently proposed deep learning methods, including the Deep ConvLSTM, CNN‐LSTM‐ELM, and Hybrid methods. This high efficiency was due to the identification of discriminative features.
Design of a novel non‐volatile hybrid spintronic true random number generator
Authors: Jape Siddhant , Joshi Vinod Kumar , Barla Prashanth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrue random number generators (TRNGs) are mainly used in cryptographic applications for the generation of various keys. A standard CMOS‐based TRNG utilizes physical phenomena such as thermal noise, metastability, and oscillator jitter to generate fully non‐deterministic random outputs but has high power dissipation and a large overhead area. In this work, we develop a novel low power non‐volatile TRNG circuit that utilizes the inherent stochastic switching nature of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as a randomness source. Thanks to the capabilities of MTJ and carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs), the proposed TRNG circuit consumes low power when compared with conventional CMOS‐based TRNGs. The reliability of the proposed circuit is checked by running the corner case tests that considers all the process and environmental variations. The quality of the output bitstream is evaluated by running the twelve statistical randomness tests by the U.S National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The circuit passes all the tests, meaning the output bit‐stream is truly random. The circuit is designed in such a way that, even if the power is turned off, the quality of the randomness is not affected. The proposed TRNG structure has a less complex design and generates truly random output.
On the mitigation of cancellation errors in hybrid fluid‐kinetic methods for solving kinetic equations describing neutrals in the plasma edge
Authors: Bringmans Levie , Maes Vince , Koellermeier Julian , Samaey Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne of the key aspects when simulating the plasma edge is the treatment of the neutral particles. Neutral particles can be described by a kinetic equation, which is difficult to solve due to the high dimensionality of the phase space and the high collisionality between the neutral particles and the plasma background, especially in the (partially) detached regimes anticipated for future reactors. We consider a recently proposed hybrid fluid‐kinetic method that is based on a micro–macro decomposition of the kinetic equation and mitigates the problems related to both the high dimensionality and the high collisionality. However, this method is prone to cancellation errors due to the introduction of particles with both positive and negative weights. In each iteration of the method, the particles undergo a weight projection step, which we identify as the main source of cancellation errors. We use techniques from numerical linear algebra for solving ill‐conditioned linear systems to improve the numerical stability of the weight projection step and reduce the cancellation errors. The reduction of cancellation errors allows for further speedup in the hybrid fluid‐kinetic method.
An engineered abcb4 expression model reveals the central role of NF‐κB in the regulation of drug resistance in zebrafish
Authors: Sun Cong‐Jie , Hu Rong‐Yin , Li Zhi‐Cao , Jin Lu , Lu He , He Zhi‐Xu , Shu Li‐Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMulti‐drug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon that tumor cells are exposed to a chemotherapeutic drug for a long time and then develop resistance to a variety of other anticancer drugs with different structures and different mechanisms. The in vitro studies of tumor cell lines cannot systematically reflect the role of MDR gene in vivo, and the cost of in vivo studies of transgenic mice as animal models is high. Given the myriad merits of zebrafish relative to other animal models, we aimed to establish a screening system using zebrafish stably expressing ATP‐binding cassette (ATP‐cassette) superfamily transporters and unveil the potential regulatory mechanism. We first used the Tol2‐mediated approach to construct a Tg (abcb4:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish line with ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) subfamily B member 4 (abcb4) gene promoter to drive EGFP expression. The expression levels of abcb4 and EGFP were significantly increased when Tg(abcb4:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos were exposed to doxorubicin (DOX) or vincristine (VCR), and the increases were accompanied by a marked decreased accumulation of rhodamine B (RhB) in embryos, indicating a remarkable increase in DOX or VCR efflux. Mechanistically, Akt and Erk signalings were activated upon the treatment with DOX or VCR. With the application of Akt and Erk inhibitors, drug resistance was reversed with differing responsive effects. Notably, downstream NF‐κB played a central role in the regulation of abcb4‐mediated drug resistance. Taken together, the data indicate that the engineered Tg(abcb4:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish model is a new platform for screening drug resistance in vivo, which may facilitate and accelerate the process of drug development.
Influence of environmental variables on macroinvertebrate community structure in Lianhuan Lake
Authors: Dou Qianming , Du Xue , Cong Yanfeng , Wang Le , Zhao Chen , Song Dan , Liu Hui , Huo Tangbin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe structural characteristics of the macroinvertebrate community can effectively reflect the health status of lake ecosystems and the quality of the lake ecological environment. It is therefore important to identify the limiting factors of macroinvertebrate community structure for the maintenance of lake ecosystem health. In this study, the community composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages and their relationships with environmental variables were investigated in 13 small lakes within Lianhuan Lake in northern China. A self‐organizing map and K‐means clustering analysis grouped the macroinvertebrate communities into five groups, and the indicator species reflected the environmental characteristics of each group. Principal component analysis indicated that the classification of the macroinvertebrate communities was affected by environmental variables. The Kruskal–Wallis test results showed that environmental variables (pH, total phosphorus, nitrate, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, permanganate index, and ammonium) had a significant effect on the classification of the macroinvertebrate communities. Redundancy analysis showed that mollusks were significantly negatively correlated with pH and chlorophyll a, while annelids and aquatic insects were significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the species richness and Shannon's diversity of macroinvertebrates were significantly negatively correlated with total phosphorus, while the biomass of macroinvertebrates was significantly negatively correlated with pH. High alkalinity and lake eutrophication have a serious impact on the macroinvertebrate community. Human disturbances, such as industrial and agricultural runoff, negatively impact the ecological environment and affect macroinvertebrate community structure. Thus, macroinvertebrate community structure should be improved by enhancing the ecological environment and controlling environmental pollution at a watershed scale.
Individual variation in reaction norms but no directional selection in reproductive plasticity of a wild passerine population
Authors: Chik Heung Ying Janet , Estrada Catalina , Wang Yiqing , Tank Priyesha , Lord Alex , Schroeder Julia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the plant–insect–insectivorous bird food chain, directional changes in climate can result in mismatched phenology, potentially affecting selection pressures. Phenotypic plasticity in the timing of breeding, characterized by reaction norm slopes, can help maximize fitness when faced with earlier prey emergence. In temperate passerines, the timing of tree budburst influences food availability for chicks through caterpillar phenology and the resulting food abundance patterns. Thus, the timing of tree budburst might serve as a more direct proxy for the cue to time egg‐laying. The evolutionary potential of breeding plasticity relies on heritable variation, which is based upon individual variation, yet studies on individual variation in plasticity are few. Here, we tested for the laying date—budburst date and the clutch size—laying date reaction norms, and examined 1) the among‐individual variance in reaction norm intercepts and slopes; and 2) the selection differentials and gradients on these intercepts and slopes. Using long‐term data of oak (genus Quercus) budburst and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) reproduction, we applied within‐subject centering to detect reaction norms, followed by bivariate random regression to quantify among‐individual variance in reaction norm properties and their covariance with fitness. Individuals significantly differed in intercepts and slopes of both laying date—budburst date and clutch size—laying date reaction norms, and directional selection was present for an earlier laying date and a larger clutch size (intercepts), but not on plasticity (slopes). We found that individuals have their own regimes for adjusting egg‐laying and clutch size. This study provides further support of individual variation of phenotypic plasticity in birds.
Effects of soil resource availability on patterns of plant functional traits across spatial scales
Authors: Li Yanpeng , Xu Han , Chen Jie , Xiao Yihua , Ni Yunlong , Zhang Ruyun , Ye Wanhui , Lian Juyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentifying patterns and drivers of plant community assembly has long been a central issue in ecology. Many studies have explored the above questions using a trait‐based approach; however, there are still unknowns around how patterns of plant functional traits vary with environmental gradients. In this study, the responses of individual and multivariate trait dispersions of 134 species to soil resource availability were examined based on correlational analysis and torus‐translation tests across four spatial scales in a subtropical forest, China. Results indicated that different degrees of soil resource availability had different effects on trait dispersions. Specifically, limited resource (available phosphorus) showed negative relationships with trait dispersions, non‐limited resource (available potassium) showed positive relationships with trait dispersions, and saturated resource (available nitrogen) had no effect on trait dispersions. Moreover, compared with the stem (wood density) and architectural trait (maximum height), we found that leaf functional traits can well reflect the response of plants to nutrient gradients. Lastly, the spatial scale only affected the magnitude but not the direction of the correlations between trait dispersions and environmental gradients. Overall, the results highlight the importance of soil resource availability and spatial scale in understanding how plant functional traits respond to environmental gradients.
Phenotypic plasticity of light use favors a plant invader in nitrogen‐enriched ecosystems
Authors: Xu Xiao , Zhou Chenhao , He Qiang , Qiu Shiyun , Zhang Yan , Yang Ji , Li Bo , Nie Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEutrophication is believed to promote plant invasion, resulting in high growth performances of invasive plants and, therefore, the great potential for growth‐induced intraspecific competition for light. Current hypotheses predict how eutrophication promotes plant invasion but fail to explain how great invasiveness is maintained under eutrophic conditions. In diverse native communities, co‐occurring plants of varying sizes can avoid light competition by exploiting light complementarily; however, whether this mechanism applies to intraspecific competition in invasive plant populations remains unknown. Using a 2‐year field nitrogen (N)‐enrichment experiment on one of the global invasive plants, Spartina alterniflora, we found that the plasticity of light use reduced intraspecific competition and increased biomass production in S. alterniflora. This plasticity effect was enhanced when S. alterniflora had no nutrient limitations. In the N‐enrichment treatments, the height difference among S. alterniflora ramets increased as light intensity decreased under the canopy. Compared with ambient N, under N enrichment, shorter individuals increased their light‐use efficiency and specific leaf area in response to the reduced light intensity under the canopy. However, such ecophysiological plasticity was not found for taller individuals. Our findings revealed that the light‐use plasticity of short individuals can be envisaged as a novel mechanism by which an invasive plant alleviates intraspecific competition and increases its invasiveness, challenging the prevailing perspective that the invasiveness of exotic plants is constrained by intraspecific competition.
A visual method for threshold detection of sediment motion in a flume experiment without human interference
Authors: Vah Mélanie , Khoury Alaa , Jarno Armelle , Marin François 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn experimental investigation of the entrainment threshold of sediment grains conducted in a non‐tiltable flume is reported and an original processing method based on image correlation suitable for detection of sediment threshold of motion is presented. Unlike existing visual measurement methods, the proposed method is not affected by the individual judgement of the experimentalists, which may strongly impact the estimation of incipient motion. Three entrainment thresholds were exhibited. The method highlighted a first threshold for very low shear stress conditions that was interpreted as a nascent movement threshold. The other two thresholds of motion were related to distinct stages of surface mobility of the bed: one related to bedload threshold and the other to bedform threshold. Series of tests were first performed to study the sensitivity of the method to different parameters: angle of view of the camera, size of the image and acceleration rate of the linear ramp of flow velocity. A ratio of the image surface and the grain surface equal to 3000 was found to be the minimum size to perform reliable estimations of entrainment thresholds for all the sediments in the range of 0.328–2.648 mm tested. It was the only condition for the method to work. Once the method was validated, tests were performed with homogeneous sands and compared to results based on reference‐based and visual methods. The correlation method yields similar values for the bedload threshold to those obtained from reference‐based methods. Thus it could be an alternative to other methodologies by the simplicity of its implementation, precision, no requirement for human interference and direct correlation between threshold velocity and bed mobility without extrapolation.
Hydrologic modification and channel evolution degrades connectivity on the Atchafalaya River floodplain
Authors: Kroes Daniel E. , Demas Charles R. , Allen Yvonne A. , Day Richard H. , Roberts Steven W. , Varisco Jeff 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Atchafalaya River Basin is the largest remaining forested wetland in the contiguous United States. Since 1960, dredging and channel erosion in the Basin have resulted in changes to the hydrologic connectivity that have not been quantified. Analyses were conducted to determine the hydraulic and geomorphic factors that have changed since discharge became controlled that may have decreased river/floodplain connectivity. We examined: (1) stage/discharge relationships from 1960 to 2014; (2) hydroperiods across the floodplain; (3) discharge distribution to the floodplain by comparing discharge measurements from 1959–1968 to 2005–2012; and (4) channel cross‐sections and floodplain elevations. Our results indicate that much of the floodplain no longer receives headwater discharge (upstream to downstream, > 200 km2) or receives too little discharge to alleviate stagnancy and hypoxia in the forested wetland at lower stages. Large portions of the Basin (400 km2) have low water levels controlled by channel geomorphology and sea‐level rise that inundate the forested floodplain for more than 50% of the calendar year. This extended duration of inundation contributes to hypoxia and likely reduces nutrient retention. The confinement of discharge to a large efficient channel compromises the ability of this system to respond to sea‐level rise and subsidence. This study provides insight to the effects of flood management projects along Coastal Plain rivers and deltas.
Prefabrication technique by preserving a muscular pedicle from masseter muscle as an in vivo bioreactor for reconstruction of mandibular critical‐sized bone defects in canine models
Authors: Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh , Bastami Farshid , Farzad‐Mohajeri Saeed , Rezai Rad Maryam , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Bohlouli Mahboubeh , Farajpour Hekmat , Nadjmi Nasser , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn vivo bioreactors serve as regenerative niches that improve vascularization and regeneration of bone grafts. This study has evaluated the masseter muscle as a natural bioreactor for βTCP or PCL/βTCP scaffolds, in terms of bone regeneration. The effect of pedicle preservation, along with sole, or MSC‐ or rhBMP2‐combined application of scaffolds, has also been studied. Twenty‐four mongrel dogs were randomly placed in six groups, including βTCP, βTCP/rhBMP2, βTCP/MSCs, PCL/βTCP, PCL/βTCP/rhBMP2, and PCL/βTCP/MSCs. During the first surgery, the scaffolds were implanted into the masseter muscle for being prefabricated. After 2 months, each group was divided into two subgroups prior to mandibular bone defect reconstruction; one with a preserved vascularized pedicle and one without. After 12 weeks, animals were euthanized, and new bone formation was evaluated using histological analysis. Histological analysis showed that all β‐TCP scaffold groups had resulted in significantly greater rates of new bone formation, either with a pedicle surgical approach or non‐pedicle surgical approach, comparing to their parallel groups of βTCP/PCL scaffolds (p ≤ .05). Pedicled β‐TCP scaffold groups that were treated with either rhBMP2 (48.443% ± 0.250%) or MSCs (46.577% ± 0.601%) demonstrated the highest rates of new bone formation (p ≤ .05). Therefore, masseter muscle can be used as a local in vivo bioreactor with potential clinical advantages in reconstruction of human mandibular defects. In addition, scaffold composition, pedicle preservation, and treatment with MSCs or rhBMP2, influence new bone formation and scaffold degradation rates in the prefabrication technique.
Linking body condition and thermal physiology in limping crickets: Does limb autotomy incur costs concerning behavioral thermal tolerance?
Authors: Díaz‐Ricaurte Juan C. , Guevara‐Molina Estefany C. , Alves‐Nunes João M. , Serrano Filipe C. , Hrncir Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany ectotherms have the ability to voluntarily detach a body part, known as autotomy, usually in response to predator attacks. Autotomy can have an immediate benefit for survival, but it can also involve costs related to the individual's body condition. Even though the effects of autotomy have been studied in many ecophysiological aspects, its short‐term costs on the ability to tolerate high environmental temperatures are still unexplored. Herein, we evaluated the effects of autotomy on the behavioral thermal tolerance (VTMax) in the cricket Gryllus assimilis. We hypothesized that, due to the increased energetic costs to maintain homeostasis, autotomized crickets have a lower VTMax than intact ones. Additionally, we investigated differences in VTMax between sexes, as well as the effects of heating rates and body mass on their VTMax. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no differences between VTMax of autotomized and intact individuals. However, we observed that females have a higher VTMax than males, regardless of their condition (i.e., autotomized and intact). Moreover, we detected significant effects of body mass and heating rate on behavioral thermal tolerances. The results of our study indicate that costs associated with limb autotomy at high environmental temperatures might be intricate and not immediately impactful. Furthermore, important aspects of reproduction and ecology might be responsible for differences in VTMax between males and females. Our results contribute to understanding the ecological and physiological aspects of ectotherms and how they respond to changing climatic conditions.