bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Bacteria, Fungi and Dual Inoculation Towards Nitrogen Fixation in Oil Palm Plants
Authors: Aziz M A A , Othman N M I , Kamaruzaman N B 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOil palm plantation sector is the most important contribution to economic growth in most Asian countries and most plantations rely on chemical fertilizer for growth which caused harmful to environment. As we can see, nitrogen in the atmosphere can be fixed by the microorganism through the process of nitrogen fixation where it also can act as a bio-fertilizer. Therefore, three objectives are covered in this study, which 1) to review studies on microbial activities and their interaction with plant in soil, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of organic matter that enhance microbe activity and also N-fixation and 3) to identify the species of bacteria and fungi used for oil palm inoculation in previous studies. A review of microbial activity has been presented in order to highlight the potential interaction where endophytic BNF bacteria have successfully increase the development of oil palm seedlings. Combination of EFB and cow dung in vermicompost technique showed the higher number ofE. eugeniae(32 earthworms) thus increases available plant nitrogen. Microbial inoculation such asGlomus aggregatum,Bacillus salmalaya strain139SI andHerbaspirillum seropedicaegives positive impact towards growth performance. The findings provided successful significant proof that microbe inoculation has a favorable influence on oil palm FFB production.
COD Removal of Batik Wastewater using Microbial Immobilization System for Agricultural Purposes
Authors: Yuniati M D , Rachmawati V , Nurjayati R , Marganingrum D , Lisdiana A , Noviardi R R W , Purwoko W W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Batik is made through a series of processes that requires large amount of water. One of these processes is dying the fabric using chemical dyes. Many batik producers in Yogyakarta dispose the wastewater straight into the river or on the ground. Since batik is recognized as UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia, batik industries have been grown rapidly. As a result, batik wastewater became a huge contributor to environmental pollution, especially land and water resources. In the present study, application of microorganisms (bioremediation) to remove or degrade pollutant of batik wastewater was investigated. Microorganisms of Bacillus licheniformis were immobilized in bentonite mineral. This microbial immobilized system then applied in aerobic reactor of continuous process. The concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was calculated as daily parameter. Although the final COD concentration still doesn’t meet the government standard, this microbial immobilization system shows promising COD removal results. The highest COD removal is 75%. This experiment is still in the early stages and further phases of the experiment are required to reach safe chemical parameters of batik wastewater for agricultural purposes as regulated by the Indonesian government.
The Effect of Application Spent Mushroom Waste on Cd-Polluted Soil
Authors: Ramlan N N S , Adam S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main source of cadmium (Cd) accumulates in humans is through the food chain processes when the living things uptake Cd from the soils. In this paper, spent mushroom waste (SMW) was used as an approach to reduce the Cd contamination in the growth medium. Thus, different percentages of SMW were mixed on Cd-polluted soil (20000 ppm per soil volume 1000 cm3) as growth medium: T0 (0%), T1 (5%), T2 (10%), T3 (15%), and T4 (20%) of SMW and these treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) along with three replications. The growth mediums were planted with Brazilian spinach to measure the uptake of Cd. There is no significance among the treatments for the availability of Cd in the soil after 51 days of planting and increasing the percentage of SMW was significantly reduce the amount of Cd uptake by the plant. The application of the SMW also resulted in a positive effect on the plant growth performance as there is a significant difference between the treated and untreated soil with SMW. However, the high percentage of SMW shows a reduction of growth parameters. This research establishes the potential of SMW in reducing the Cd in soil and subsequently reducing the risk of Cd reaching humans.
Traditional ecological knowledge in irrigation water management in Tanah Datar District West Sumatera
Authors: Utami A S , Oue H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Traditionally, the management of water resources in West Sumatera is based on Minangkabau custom, such as the Paraku irrigation system. During these past thirty years, the government has been introduced Water User Association (“P3A” in Bahasa Indonesia) as a formal institution to manage irrigation water. Yet, the farmers still manage the irrigation water under Paraku system. Thus, this study’s main objectives are to evaluate the traditional ecological knowledge and it’s embedded in the irrigation system, evaluate the elements of cultural changes that impact the Paraku irrigation management, and assess the sustainability of the Paraku irrigation system. This study used a qualitative method to collect the data from January 2021 to August 2021. The results showed that the Paraku management is traditional ecological knowledge based on traditional custom. The practices are based on conservation minds in traditional ecological practices. Due to the global economy and high market value, the social framework, knowledge system, environmental condition has changed. Thus, the collective action to conserve the value and tradition of the Paraku is needed to sustain the system.
Comparison of interception loss by different rainfall magnitudes within a secondary forest of Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar
Authors: Zaw Y , Oue H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss are essential parameters for the water balance of the region. Measurements of gross rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were made during the growing season (from June to October) of 2019. The objectives of this study are to know the contributions of throughfall and stemflow by the secondary forest in assessing the water balance of the Popa catchment area and to investigate the interceptive loss under different rainfall magnitudes. A total gross rainfall of 753.58 mm was measured in the open area. Of this total rainfall, 442.30 mm (58.69%) and 142.44 mm (18.90%) were reached the forest floor as throughfall and stemflow. Three groups of rainfall were divided by the magnitude of individual rainfall events. The magnitude of rainfall does not appear to be a major driving factor for the interception loss under three rainfall groups: (1) Pg <10 mm (p=0.848); (2) 10< Pg <50 mm (p=0.060); and (3) Pg >50 mm (p=0.051). This study shows that secondary forest can contribute the high partitioning of throughfall and stemflow to the Popa catchment area. Silvicultural management and conservation activities of these secondary forests should be improved in order to have more hydrologic services from them.
Effects of mulches combination with different SWC on soil properties and soybean production
Authors: Mon M M , Oue H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of water and nutrient balance in soil for the soybean establishment in farms needs to be the topmost priority without increasing the cost of production is needed in this high soybean consumption country, Japan. The objective of this study is to observe the five levels of water stress intensity on plant growth, yield, irrigation frequency, and soil chemical properties changes with the help of two biodegradable mulches was a goal in this sustainable soybean crop production. An experiment designed with two mulch types, shredded paper (SP) and living mulch clover (CL) with 5 SWC (Soil Water Contents) treatments were monitored for irrigation. Total N increased from the original soil N of 3.05 mg/g to 3.53-4.05 mg/g after harvest particularly under CL at medium SWC-2,3,4 levels (35% -15%). Lower SWC level affected more in CL mulched soybean for competition with nutrient and water resource utilization which led to lower soybean yield and earlier harvest. On the other hand, applying SP mulches benefit soybean yield but the total C/N return to soil results in microbial immobilization. To conclude, the soybean seed yield was highest at SWC level 5 for both mulches and clover plants’ best establishment in the SWC-3 level.
Potential of Exhausted Kahwa Coffee as Activated Carbon to Remove Cd2+ and Zn2+
Authors: Yanti N R , Puari A T , Rusnam  , Stiyanto E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study has examined the potential of exhausted kahwa coffee (EKC) as a precursor of activated carbon (AC) to remove the heavy metal ions, Cd2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution. The AC was activated by different activation methods using KOH, ZnCl2, H3PO4 and without activation agent. The EKC sample was impregnated with the chemical agents with the ratio of 1:1. Afterward, the carbonization was conducted at temperature of 400°C for 60 minutes. The removal efficiency (RE) and adsorption capacity (qt) of the ACs on Cd2+ and Zn2 were evaluated. In addition, ACs were characterized with fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the surface functional groups and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface porosity morphology. The experimental results showed that highest RE and qt were obtained by EKC activated with KOH (EKC-KOH). The highest REs achieved were 96.96% for Cd2+ and 99.52 % for Zn2+, while the highests qt were 4.37 g/mg for Cd2+ and 3.79 g/mg for Zn2+. The results indicate that exhausted kahwa coffee has a potential as a low-cost activated carbon for removal of Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions from aqueous solution.
Piper betel Crude Leaf Extracts with HOCl (Formulated by Natural Oxygenated Water) as Plant Pathogenic Fungi Control
Authors: Musa S A N C , Zain W Z W M , Wahab M Z Ab , Ramli N W , Hamid N , Saharuddin S , Izan N N 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of synthetic fungicide are affecting the health, disturbing the ecosystem of the environment and has develop resistance of many pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of ethanolicPiper betel (P. betel)crude leaf extracts with HOCl formulated by natural oxygenated water against selected crop pathogenic fungi which areFusariumspp. andPhakopsora euvitisfungi. The screening test was done using well diffusion technique where the parameter observed was the Percentage Inhibition Radial Growth (PIRG). The antifungal effects ofP.betelcrude leaf extract with formulated HOCl minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were further evaluated by micro broth dilution method and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were tested by agar well method. Screening results showed theP.betelextracts with HOCl have potential to inhibit the fungi radial growth when compared to positive control Kencozeb M45. MIC and MFC results portrayed the extracts with formulated HOCl displayed fungicidal activity against both fungi in the range of 2500 µg/ml until 5000 µg/ml forFusarium sppandPhapkopsora euvitis, respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the only natural oxygenated water source in Malaysia and first reported with combination ofPiper betelextract.
Extraction technique for maximum yield of carotene from crops (carrot)
Authors: Rini  , Rasdiana F Z , Syukri D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carotene from plant could be utilized as the raw material for aromatic compounds synthesis. Since the amount of carotene is limited in plant, the effective technique to obtain as much carotene is need for practical uses. The aim of this study was to obtain an effective method in extracting carotene from carrot. The carotenes obtained will then be used as raw material for the synthesis of aromatic compounds such as ß-ionone and dihydroactinidiolide. The extraction of carotene was conducted by general maceration technique with a non-polar solvent i.e hexane until there was no carotene remains in the sample. As the result, it concludes that the maceration process with ultrasonic assisted extraction could be used to obtain the maximum carotene from carrots. It took 12 times extraction process to extract the maximum yield of carotene from carrots. The maximum carotene extraction is indicated by the loss of the orange color and only leaving a white color in the samples. The result of this study will provide the information about the method on obtaining the carotene from carrot and red sweet potato with maximum yield that could be further utilization.
Characteristics of liquid waste from biopulping of oil palm empty fruit bunches using black liquor
Authors: Permata D A , Kasim A , Asben A , Yusniwati  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Biopulping is a process that is carried out before fiber ripening using chemicals in the pulp ripening process. The use of black liquor in the biopulping process can reduce pollution due to chemicals. This study aims to determine the effect of black liquor on the characteristics of liquid waste biopulping oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Observations made include BOD5, COD, TSS, and pH. This study used a completely randomized research design with three replications. The research data were analyzed using the F test. If different, it was continued with Duncan’s test at 5%. The results showed that black liquor in the OPEFB biopulping process significantly affected BOD5, COD, and pH but had no significant impact on TSS. The resulting waste still needs to be processed because it exceeds the maximum waste generated from the pulp mill based on the Decree of the State Minister of the Environment (KEP 51-/MENLH/10/1995).
Utilization of Aloe vera gel and Acalypha indica. L leaf extract as edible coating to increase the shelf life of guava (Psidium guajava. L) fruit
Authors: Refilda  , Oktafia N , Winardi P R , Salim E , Yefrida  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The technology that is commonly used to control postharvest pathogen attacks is coating with synthetic chemicals, but this has an unfriendly impact on the environment and consumers. Coating with A. vera L gel and plant extracts is a natural way to extend shelf life and maintain postharvest quality. The research was focused on finding the composition of guava fruit coating with A. vera. L gel and A. indica. L leaf extract that provided physicochemical properties with optimal quality during storage. Parameters tested were weight loss, percent decay, moisture content, total dissolved solids and total titrated acid from guava fruit. The coating composition that gives the best guava fruit quality with a storage time of 15 days were 85% A. vera gel, 10% A. indica. L leaf extract, 0.025% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and 0.5% glycerol. The guava fruit coated with this composition had a weight loss of 11.19%, moisture content of 57.15%, a spoilage of 3.33%, a total dissolved solids of 7.67 oBrix and a total titrated acid of 1.90%. This value was better than uncoated fruit with weight loss of 30.48%, moisture content 28.42%, spoilage 14.44%, total dissolved solids 12.33 oBrix and total titrated acid 0.40%.
Extraction of Gelatin from Tuna Fish Bones (Thunnus sp) on Variation of Acid Solution
Authors: Aisman  , Wellyalina  , Refdi C W , Syukri D , Abdi  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Gelatin is a type of protein obtained from natural collagen found in skin and bones. This study aimed to see the effect of different types of acids on the characteristics of the gelatin produced from tuna fish bones. The method used in this research was exploratory with 3 treatments, which was used 3 types of acid solutions such as CH3COOH 3%, H3PO4 3% and HCL 3% in the gelatin extraction process. The obtained gelatin was yielded and analyzed to see the water content, ash content, protein content and pH value. The result showed that the obtained gelatin has different characteristics for each treatment. Extraction using 3% HCL produced the highest gelatin yield was 10.1%, while the extraction with CH3COOH 3% resulted gelatin in the highest protein content of 29.21%. In addition, extraction using H3PO4 3% produced gelatin with characteristics not much different from HCL 3%.
Estimating the Shelf Life of Oyster Mushroom Rendang packed with Vacuum or Non-Vacuum technique by the Application of the Arrhenius Methods
Authors: Fiana R M , Murtius W S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rendang is a famous traditional food from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Oyster mushroom rendang is made from oyster mushrooms. Based on its composition, the degradation of fat is its critical point during storage. Proper packaging can extend the shelf life of oyster mushroom rendang. The purpose of this study was to determine the shelf life of oyster mushroom rendang that pack in vacuum and no vacuum packaging using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method according to the Arrhenius equation. As a result, at a temperature of 25°C, oyster mushroom rendang packaged in vacuum packaging has a shelf life of 613 days and in non-vacuum packaging has a shelf life of 43 days.
The Effects of Adding Melastoma malabathricum, L. Leaf Juice to Sugar Palm Fruit Ice Cream Characteristics
Authors: Sayuti K , Koja R , Ocktaviani R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of Melastoma malabathricum, L. (MM) leaves juice on sensory evaluation, the physical, chemical, and microbiological of sugar palm fruit ice cream (SPFIc). The trial included five treatments with MM leaves juice (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 %). The results indicated that the optimal treatment for sensory evaluation acceptability was SPFIc with a 5% (w/v) addition of leaves juice. The overrun (30.16%), melting rate (12.13 g/min), total solids (37.33%), protein (3.91%), fat (6.83%), antioxidant activity (43.42%), total plate count (1,9x105 CFU/g), were contained in this SPFIc. Additionally, sugar palm fruit can be used as a thickening and stabilizer, and the addition of leaves extract improves the ice cream’s quality.
Substitution of Granulated Cane Sugar with Liquid Sugar from Sago Starch in Making Cookies
Authors: Ayu D F , Nurasikin  , Kusumawaty Y 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the best concentration of sago liquid sugar to obtain the best quality of cookies. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with five treatments and three replications, namely: P0 (100% granulated cane sugar and 0% liquid sago starch sugar), P1 (75% granulated cane sugar and 25% liquid sago starch sugar), P2 (50% granulated cane sugar and 50% liquid sago starch sugar), P3 (25% granulated cane sugar and 75% liquid sago starch sugar), and P4 (0% granulated cane sugar and 100% liquid sago starch sugar). Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and DNMRT at a 5% level. The results showed that the ratio of granulated cane sugar and liquid sago starch sugar significantly affected chemical analysis and sensory tests. The result showed that the best treatment was P1 which had a water content of 6.38%, ash content of 0.86%, protein content of 0.96%, and reducing sugar content of 18.44% with the sensory description of the cookies were yellow, no sago sugar aromatic, sweet, and crunchy.
Utilization of Avocado Seed Powder (Persea americana Mill.) as a Mixture of Modified Cassava Flour in Making Cookies
Authors: Novelina  , Asben A , Nerishwari K , Hapsari S , Hari P D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Avocado seed is one of underutilized food waste that contains starch, monounsaturated fatty acids, and has high antioxidant activity. In this research we study the effect of the ratio of modified cassava flour (MOCAF) and avocado seed powder (Persea americana Mill) on the characteristic of cookies. The treatment is the ratio of MOCAF with avocado seed powder (ASP). The data were analyzed by using ANOVA and continued with DNMRT at 5% level. The observation was done to sensory properties (color, aroma, taste and texture), hardness, proximate compositions, and antioxidant activity. The result confirmed that the ASP ratio of 10% has acceptable sensory characteristics and had met Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-2973-2011), with antioxidant activity of 35.72% at product concentration of 1000 ppm.
The Addition Effect of Cinnamon Powder (Cinnamomum burmanii) on The Characteristics of Gluten-free Cookies Made From Tempeh and Mocaf Flour
Authors: Yenrina R , Pratiwi N , Rini  , Anggraini T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the characteristics of gluten-free cookies made from tempeh and mocaf flour with the addition of cinnamon powder and to determine the formulation with proper treatment. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. Data analysis used Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) and if the results were significantly different, followed by the DNMRT (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test) tests at 5% level. The observations were hardness test, water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, amino acid content, crude fiber content and free fatty acid content and antioxidant activity test. The best treatment obtained in the treatment with the addition of cinnamon powder was 0,32%. The results for cookies characteristic were hardness level of 48,15 N/cm2, moisture content 3,45%, ash content 0,50%, protein 7,90%, fat 37,0%, carbohydrates 51,15%, crude fiber 0,04%, FFA 0,87%, antioxidant activity 31,82%, energy 569,20 kcal/100g. The Amino acid score of the protein sample is 15, with the main limiting amino acid being methionine (methionine+cystine) and the second limiting amino acid being lysine which is 43.
Development of Non-Soybean Tempeh from Cowpea Bean and Koro Bean
Authors: Adhianata H , Pramana A , Rochmawati N , Ditya Y 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tempeh is a fermented food product that is very widely consumed in Indonesia because of it has a low price but high in nutritional value and health benefits. Tempeh made from non-soybean ingredients, can be used as an alternative of local abundant beans in Indonesia and also to reduce the dependence on imported soybeans. So the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using non-soybeans ingredients, cowpea beans; koro beans; and mix of both beans on the manufacture of tempeh and to evaluate the microbiological characteristic and chemical composition of tempeh products. Non-soybean tempeh was made with the proportion of cowpea bean and koro beans 0:100; 50;50; 100;0 (g/g) then inoculated and incubated at 30 ±2 °C for 36 hours. The microbiological characteristic of non-soybean tempeh was evaluated from the viability of the mold in tempeh. The highest viability comes from koro bean tempeh, which was 7.3 log cfu/gram. The chemical composition of non-soybean tempeh was evaluated from water content, crude protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, crude fiber and nitrogen content. The highest crude protein content was obtained from koro bean tempeh sample, which was 41.5%. The production of non-soybean tempeh is expected to be an alternative to fermented food products made from local ingredients at affordable prices but with good nutritional quality. So it is hoped that non-soybean tempeh can also be produced from other beans that have not widely used but have a huge nutritional value.