bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of Resistance to Downy Mildew (Bremia Lactucae Reg.) in Lettuce1
Authors: Zink F. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of resistance to California race(s) of downy mildew in lettuce was studied in cvs. Bourguignonne, Meikoningin, Proeftuin’s Blackpool, Red Salad Bowl, Salad Trim, Ventura, and PI 164937. Resistance in cvs. Bourguignonne, Red Salad Bowl, and Salad Trim is conferred by a single dominant allele. This is the same allele found in resistant cvs. Calicel, Calmar, E-4, Imperial 410, Valrio, Valtemp, and Valverde, and is derived from resistant PI 91532. Resistance in ‘Meikoningin’ is controlled by a single dominant allele different from the one derived from PI 91532. Allelism tests indicate that the 2 alleles are independently inherited. ‘Proeftuin’s Blackpool’ and ‘Ventura’ each have 2 dominant alleles for resistance that are different from the single dominant allele derived from PI 91532. Allelism tests of ‘Proeftuin’s Blackpool’ and ‘Ventura’ indicate resistance is conferred by the same 2 dominant alleles. The 2 alleles in cvs. Proeftuin’s Blackpool or Ventura and the single allele derived from PI 91532 are independently inherited. Resistance in PI 164937 is conferred by 2 dominant alleles, one of which is the same as the single dominant allele derived from PI 91532.
Influence of Photoperiod, Temperature, and Node Position on Vegetative Shoot Growth of Greenhouse Azaleas, Rhododendron cv.1
Authors: Barrick William E. , Sanderson Kenneth C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An increase in shoot length and shoot dry weight and a decrease in number of shoots per lateral branch, with no effect on number of leaves per shoot, was observed on sheared azaleas grown under increased daylengths in environmental chambers or greenhouses. Plants grown at low (24-19°C) temperatures in environmental chambers had greater shoot lengths, higher numbers of shoots, more leaves per shoot, and decreased shoot dry weight. Decreases in shoot length, number of shoots, number of leaves per shoot, and shoot dry weight occurred as node position for shearing increased (counting from the shearing point). Thus, an inverse relationship apparently exists between node position for shearing and shoot growth in greenhouse azaleas.
Path-Coefficient Analysis of Correlation Between Honey Bee Activity and Seed Yield in Allium cepa L.1
Authors: Shasha’a N. S. , Nye W. P. , Campbell W. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A path-coefficient analysis was used to furnish information on the inter-relationships of pollinating insect activity and components of seed yield in inbreds of Allium cepa L. The inbreds differed very significantly in their attractiveness to pollinating insects. Only one inbred exhibited a significant correlation (P <0.05 positive) between numbers of honey bees and seed yields. Separating the correlation coefficients into components of direct and indirect effects indicated that pollination attractiveness was not the limiting factor in seed set for inbreds in the experiment. Moreover, most of the variation in seed yield could be attributed to indirect effects on the components of yield, umbels per plant, flowers per umbel, percent per fertilized flower, and seeds per fertilized flower.
Effects of Rootstock on Growth, Bloom, Yield, Maturity, and Fruit Quality of Prune (Prunus domestica L.)1
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Chaplin M. H. , Roberts A. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tests in 11 plots of ‘Italian’, ‘Early Italian’, and ‘Brooks’ prunes showed several influences of rootstock on tree growth, flowering, yield, fruit size, maturity, and quality. Of the 6 Prunus species represented by the 19 rootstocks tested, myrobalan roots usually resulted in larger trees, heavier bloom, but lower yield efficiency than did peach roots. Trees on Marianna and several P. domestica L. roots varied in size and yield, but most of them had greater bloom density than trees on peach root. ‘Italian’ fruit firmness varied inconsistently with rootstock. ‘Early Italian’ fruits were firmer on peach than on other roots, but ‘Brooks’ fruits were less firm on peach than on other roots. The tendency for internal fruit browning of ‘Italian’ was greater on plums than on peach roots. Other fruit maturity and quality factors varied by cultivar and by individual rootstock. Fewer trees on peach root died from trunk canker (Pseudomonas syringae van Hall) than did those on several clonal plum roots, but some plum-rooted trees outgrew the canker and survived as well as trees on peach stock.
Comparative Growth of Birch Seedlings Grown in the Greenhouse and Growth Chamber1,4
Authors: Krizek Donald T. , Zimmerman Richard H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The growth of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) seedlings was greatly accelerated by high light intensity applied in a growth chamber at the cotyledon stage and continued for the next 8 weeks. At the end of the 8-week period, seedlings grown in a growth chamber under 2500 ft-c (26.9 klx) of cool-white fluorescent and supplemental incandescent light, a 16-hour photoperiod, and 25/18°C day/night temperature weighed over 40 times more than those grown in the greenhouse under natural daylight supplemented by 200 ft-c (2.16 klx) of cool-white fluorescent light, a 16-hour photoperiod, and 24/18°C day/night temperature. Compared with plants grown under low light intensity, plants grown for 8 weeks under high light intensity were 6 times taller, had twice as many leaves, and produced lateral shoots containing 17 times as much dry matter. These findings indicate the feasibility of using high light intensity alone at the seedling stage in the commercial production of planting stock of this species.
Thin-Layer Chromatography of Free Amino Acids, Indoles, and Phenols of Double and Single Flowered Petunias1
Authors: Natarella N. J. , Sink K. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An investigation of free amino acids, phenols, and indoles from various plant parts of double (DD and Dd) and single (dd) flowered petunia plants was made to determine if a relationship exists between these substances and flower genotype. There was no difference between genotypes in total free amino acid concentration from shoot tips or anthers. Flower buds with the DD genotype and leaves with the Dd genotype were significantly different in total amino acid concentration from similar tissue of the other genotypes. TLC analysis of amino acid extracts from shoot tips, buds, or leaves failed to resolve any qualitative differences between the 3 genotypes. Anthers directly squashed on TLC plates and developed in several solvent systems did not resolve any differences between genotypes. TLC analyses of phenols and indoles indicated they were very similar for the 3 genotypes.
Inheritance of Tolerance to Chloramben Methyl Ester in Cucumber1
Authors: Miller J. C. , Baker L. R. , Penner Donald 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two tolerant and 2 susceptible lines of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and their progenies were evaluated for tolerance to the herbicide methyl 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben methyl ester). Gene action was primarily additive; however, partial dominance of genes controlling tolerance was noted. Evidence for transgressive segregation was observed in segregating populations of the cross tolerant x tolerant. The minimum number of effective factor pairs varied from 1 to 5 depending on the evaluation criterion and the method of calculation employed. Heritability estimates from crosses involving tolerant MSU 0612 were consistently higher than those involving tolerant MSU 3207, suggesting that the tolerance of these 2 lines may be conditioned by different genes. Estimates of heritability indicated that considerable progress can be made in selection for tolerance when the criterion used is epinasty or reduction in plant dry weight and height.
Effect of Soil Incorporation on Selectivity, Movement, and Persistence of Herbicides in Onion Plantings1
Authors: Menges R. M. , Tamez S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The performances of 3 herbicides non-incorporated and incorporated to depths of 3.8 and 7.6 cm in sandy loam were studied in onion plantings in 3 field experiments. Herbicidal activity of 4.5 kg/ha of O,Odiisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) was outstanding and controlled redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmen S. Wats.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] without reducing yields in onions (Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’). The herbicide was more efficient when soil-incorporated. Bensulide failed to control ridgeseed spurge (Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.) and London rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.). 2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) controlled ridgeseed spurge without reducing the yield of onions. Soil-incorporated dimethyl tetra-chloroterephythalate (DCPA) reduced the yield of onions.
Laboratory bioassays indicated that regardless of rainfall, bensulide remained within the original zones of incorporation. Persistence of the herbicide increased with soil incorporation and rate of application. Considerable activity persisted for 6 months but only a trace persisted 12 months after 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha of bensulide were soil incorporated. DCPA and propachlor persisted less than 6 months. Field bioassays agreed with data from laboratory bioassays.
Effects of an Antitranspirant on Water Use by Highway Oleander (Nerium oleander L.) Plantings1
Authors: Davenport D. C. , Martin P. E. , Hagan R. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The transpiration rate of potted oleanders (Nerium oleander L.) in a greenhouse was reduced 25-35% for 2 weeks after being sprayed with a film-forming antitranspirant. Measurements of moisture changes in a heterogeneous soil in the median strip of a major freeway indicated that the antitranspirant slowed the depletion of soil water. This was confirmed when detailed measurement of moisture in a more uniform field soil showed a 40% reduction in water use by oleanders. These studies suggest that an antitranspirant could delay irrigation of highway oleander plantings by at least 2 weeks, reducing the costs and hazards associated with irrigation of ornamental plantings along highways.
Ripening Processes in Avocados Stored in Ethylene Atmosphere in Cold Storage1,2
Authors: Zauberman G. , Fuchs Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Continuous ethylene treatment (100 ppm) of avocado fruit stored at 6°C, for 13 days, caused acceleration in respiration rate for the duration of the treatment. At the end of the low temperature treatment and, also, after transfer of the fruit to 20°C, polygalacturonase activity and softening of the fruit were enhanced by ethylene treatment in comparisons with non-treated fruit. Endogenous ethylene production of ethylene-treated fruit was suppressed markedly after transfer to 20°C. Fruit treated 24 hours with ethylene at 6°C at the beginning of the storage period, ripened similarly to untreated control fruits.
For avocado we suggest that in cold storage (6°C) the presence of ethylene should be avoided so that the shelf-life period of the fruit will not be reduced.
Reproductive System of ‘Concord’ and Two Sports (Vitis labruscana Bailey)1
Authors: Pratt Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In ‘Concord’ (Vitis labruscana Bailey), a hermaphroditic, self-fertilized, and seeded grape cultivar, the development of pollen and the growth of pollen tubes in the style were adequate for fertilization. Seed formation was limited by 1) the arrested development of many ovules before bloom and 2) the post-bloom dropping of many ovaries containing 1 or more fertilized but retarded ovules. The abscission zone at the base of the pedicel was most distinct during drop. An average of 2 seeds per berry was necessary for berry adherence. Two poorly setting, seeded variants differed quantitatively from ‘Concord’. One had more pre-meiotic ovule abortion and the other more abortion of mature and fertilized ovules. Both had an average of 1 seed per adhering berry. Since they showed neither different chromosome numbers nor transmissible viruses, they were thought to be mutants.
Calcium Nutrition of Peach and Prune Relative to Growth, Fruiting, and Fruit Quality1,2
Authors: Abdalla Dennis A. , Childers Norman F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Redhaven’ peach and ‘Stanley’ prune trees budded on dwarfing Prunus besseyi Bailey rootstocks were grown and fruited in greenhouse sand culture under 2, 90, 180 (control), 270, and 400 ppm Ca to study growth, fruiting, and fruit quality, 1970-72. Peach fruits were smaller, greener, and firmer and had less soluble solids and red blush at 2 and 90 ppm than at higher concentrations, and had poorer flavor at 2 ppm. Peach leaf Ca increased and fruit Ca decreased (except at 2 ppm) as Ca treatment levels increased. Optimum peach fruit quality was obtained when the Ca supply was 180 to 270 ppm and leaf Ca was above 2.00% dry weight. Prunes were little affected by Ca treatments, except that at 2 ppm most fruits dropped after fruit set and the few that remained were smaller and misshapen. Calcium accumulated to a higher level at a given treatment in prune leaves than in peach leaves.
The Upward and Lateral Translocation of Urea Supplied to Roots of Apple Trees1
Authors: Shim K. K. , Titus J. S. , Splittstoesser W. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urea-14C was supplied to the roots of stem-ringed 1-year-old apple trees on which bark segments were isolated above and below the ring. Unmetabolized urea was translocated to shoots and leaves although considerable metabolism occurred especially in bark tissues. Most of the 14C in wood tissue was associated with urea. In bark tissues, 20% to 30% of the 14C was in amino acids and sugars by 120 minutes. The accumulation of urea-14C and products of its metabolism in isolated bark segments indicated that the occurrence of these materials in this tissue was via radial translocation from xylem tissue, and that the main upward translocation pathway of urea supplied to roots is through the xylem.
Effect of Four Management Systems on Parameters Associated with Growth and Yield of Pecan1
Authors: Worley Ray E. , Carter R. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mature pecan, Carya illinoensis (Wang.) Koch., grove management systems of 1) rotational summer grazing, 2) clean cultivation + winter legume, 3) winter or spring intercropping + summer cultivation, and 4) closely mowed sod affected yields differently in different years, but did not affect total yield or tree growth significantly over a 10-year period. Kernel quality, nuts/kg count, nut size, and tree growth were not affected consistently by management systems. Extra fertilization, particularly N, applied to grazed and intercropped plots reduced soil pH and residual soil K; but treatments affected soil P very little. Leaf Zn and Mn were also high for these treatments. Applied N, or N from legumes, was reflected in higher leaf N. Leaf K, Mg, Fe, B, Cu, Al, Mo, and Sr were not affected significantly by management treatment.
Orientation, Anatomical, and Breeding Behavior Studies of the Crookneck Rogue Fruit in ‘Butternut’ Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.)1
Authors: Ibrahim Aly M. , Coyne Dermot P. , Lommasson R. C. , Davies Eric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants of the ‘Crookneck 67-1-7’ rogue, derived from ‘Butternut’ squash, developed straight fruits when grown on a fence; those grown on the ground produced crookneck fruit. Length of neck and bulb circumference were greater in ground-grown crookneck fruit. The outer-curved part of crookneck fruit on the ground had the lowest width of hypodermal zone cells and this was due to an elongation of the cells in the direction of fruit length, while in fence-grown straight fruit, the cells were near-isodiametric. Cell number of the hypodermal zone was the same in all fruits. ‘Crookneck 67-1-7’ ground-grown fruit, oriented horizontally and level with the soil surface, and also vertically, blossom-end up or down, did not show any crooking. Crooking of fruit is due to the interaction of genotype and an impediment causing differential pressure on the cells on each side of the squash. Straightneck fruit, including ‘Butternut’ type, occurred in the F2 and BC generation of the cross of 2 crookneck types, ‘Crookneck 67-1-7’ × ‘Golden Cushaw’, indicating that different genes controlled the crookneck fruit trait in the parents.
Abscission of Pistachio Inflorescence Buds as Affected by Leaf Area and Number of Nuts1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Al-Shalan Ismat , Carlson R. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Abscission of inflorescence buds increased progressively as leaf area decreased or number of nuts per branch increased. The data strongly indicate that dominance of the developing seed over the inflorescence buds in competition for carbohydrates might be responsible for bud abscission. However, the possible involvement of a hormone(s) originating in the leaves should not be overlooked.
Phosphorus Concentration in Tomato Fruits: Inheritance and Maturity Effects1
Authors: Stevens M. A. , Paulson K. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phosphorus concentration is an important factor in quality of tomato fruits because of its effect on the relationship between pH and titratable acidity. There was no significant change in P concentration of fruits from 4 to 10 weeks (cannery ripe) after anthesis in cultivar VF 145-7879. The P concentration was relatively high at 2 weeks and decreased during senescence. The inheritance of P concentration was studied with ‘Best of All’, ‘STEP 375’ and their F1, B1, B2, and F2 progeny. The data indicate a significant genotype-environment interaction. Partition of the genetic variance revealed that additive and dominant effects and additive × additive interaction are important in determining P concentration. There is evidence that 2 major genes are involved.
Analysis of agriculture water pricing reform in a water-deficit area of Northwest China
Authors: Qu Yongyu , Kang Jian , Lin Xichen , Ni Hongzhen , Jiang Yunzhong , Chen Genfa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Northwest China frequently experiences significant droughts and water shortages. To better balance the supply and demand, and provide sufficient funds for water resource projects, this study applied a computable general equilibrium model to construct an agricultural water pricing policy model that depends on the crops' economic value and regional water use characteristics. Wuwei City in Gansu Province was used as a case study to test the model. Three agricultural water price increase policies and three supporting subsidy policies were developed. The study quantitatively investigated the impact of these policies on the agricultural economy, water use, and efficiency of water use from different water sources. The results indicated that water pricing reform promotes water conservation and improves water use efficiency. Subsidies can reduce the negative impact of water pricing policies on the agricultural economy. Economic crops (e.g. vegetables) are more sensitive to water prices compared to food crops (e.g. wheat). Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this study provided the best water pricing reform scenario expected to be the most effective for local development.
Determination of mefenamic acid in aqueous solutions using merging zone – continuous flow injection
Authors: Al-Ameer Lubna , Hashim Kadhim K. , Taha Dakhil Nassir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research aims at using a novel algorithm to determine the concentration of mefenamic acid (MA) in solutions using merging zone-continuous flow injection. The MA concentration in aqueous solutions was determined using this technology, and the results obtained using this method were compared to those obtained using more conventional methods. All flow injection analyses were carried out utilizing a Rheodyne valve 7725, a Rabbit peristaltic pump, a BioLogic QuadTec UV-Vis Detector, and a Sartorius CPA2P Competence Analytical Balance, as well as a Sartorius CPA2P Competence Analytical Balance. The data is then received by a signal detector and a specialized software spectrometer. A spectroscopic scan is used to determine the maximum wavelength of the product, a calibration curve is created, and measurements are taken to estimate the drug's absolute concentrations in aqueous solutions. The detection and quantitative limits were set to 0.021 and 0.071 parts per million. This treatment is popular and could be a good alternative to conventional methods because it is simple, rapid, precise, inexpensive, and adaptable.
Cysteine Metabolism in Tumor Redox Homeostasis
Authors: Fan Yanmei , Tan Xiao , Zhao Hongcheng , Tu Xiancong , Liu Xiaowen , Wang Yueqing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Cysteine (Cys) is a semi-essential nutrient amino acid that plays an important
role in cells through endogenous production and various transport systems. Intracellular
Cys can be used as a precursor of protein synthesis to maintain cell homeostasis and to
generate sulfur-containing substances, including glutathione (GSH), hydrogen sulfide
(H2S), and taurine. There have been quite a few reports that Cys is related to tumor occurrence
and development, and its level is closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion,
and metastasis. Moreover, it helps in maintaining the tumor redox balance and increasing
drug resistance. This review aims to summarize the production and metabolism of Cys
and its role in tumors, with special emphasis on the potential therapeutic value of Cys in
tumors to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
Tools in the Era of Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria: Applications for New Antimicrobial
Peptides Discovery
Authors: Moretta Antonio , Scieuzo Carmen , Salvia Rosanna , Popović Željko D. , Sgambato Alessandro , Falabella Patrizia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules belonging to innate immunity that act against
bacteria, fungi, and viruses. With the spread of bacterial strains resistant to current antibiotics, the scientific
community is deeply committed to the identification and study of new molecules with putative antimicrobial
activity. In this context, AMPs represent a promising alternative to overcome this problem. To date, several
databases have been built up to provide information on the AMPs identified so far and their physico-chemical
properties. Moreover, several tools have been developed and are available online that allow to highlight
sequences with putative antimicrobial activity and predict their biological activity. These tools can also predict
the secondary and tertiary structures of putative AMPs, thus allowing molecular docking studies to evaluate
potential interactions with proteins/ligands. In this paper, we focused our attention on online available AMPs
databases and computational tools for biological activity and tertiary structure prediction, highlighting some
papers in which the computational approach was successfully used. As the identification of peptides starts from
the analysis of a large amount of data, we show that bioinformatics predictions are the best starting point for the
identification of new sequences of interest that can be subsequently produced and tested.