bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosendaal linear interpolation method appraising of time in therapeutic range in patients with 12-week follow-up interval after mechanical heart valve replacement
Authors: Zhu Xiliang , Xiao Xijun , Wang Sheng , Chen Xianjie , Lu Guoqing , Li Xiaoyang 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of anticoagulation by the time in therapeutic range (TTR) for patients with 12-week INR follow-up interval.Materials and methodsFrom January 2018 to December 2020, a selective group of patients who underwent mechanical valve replacement and followed up at our anticoagulation clinic for adjustment of warfarin dose were enrolled. The incidences of complications of anticoagulation therapy were reported by linearized rates. TTR was calculated by the Rosendaal linear interpolation method.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-four patients were eligible for this study. The mean age of these patients was 52.8 ± 12.7 years, and 65.7% (180 cases) of them were females. The mean duration of warfarin therapy was 16.7 ± 28.1 months. A total of 1309 INR values were collected, representing 66789 patient days. In this study, the mean TTR was 63.7% ± 18.6%, weekly doses of warfarin were 20.6 ± 6.0 mg/weekly, and the mean monitoring interval for the patient was 53.6 ± 27.1 days. There were 153 cases in good TTR group (TTR ≥ 60%) and 121 cases in poor TTR group (TTR &lt; 60%). The calculated mean TTR in both groups was 42.6% ± 22.1% and 74.8% ± 10.4%, respectively. Compared with the TTR ≥ 60% group, the TTR &lt; 60% group exhibited a more prevalence of female gender (p = 0.001), atrial fibrillation (p &lt; 0.001), NYHA ≥ III (p &lt; 0.001), and lower preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, p = 0.032). In multivariate analysis, female gender (p = 0.023) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.011) were associated with TTR &lt; 60%. The incidence of major bleeding and thromboembolic events was 2.7% and 1.1% patient-years, respectively. There was one death which resulted from cerebral hemorrhage. The incidence of death was 0.5% patient-years. The difference in anticoagulation-related complications between the TTR &lt; 60% group and the TTR ≥ 60% group was not statistically significant.ConclusionFor patients with stable international normalized ratio monitoring results who are follow-up at anticoagulation clinics, a 12-week monitoring interval has an acceptable quality of anticoagulation. The female gender and atrial fibrillation were associated with TTR &lt; 60%.
Characteristics, prognosis, and treatment response in HFpEF patients with high vs. normal ejection fraction
Authors: Gu Jun , Ke Jia-han , Wang Yue , Wang Chang-qian , Zhang Jun-feng 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients varied by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have different clinical characteristics, prognosis, and treatment response. With data from our prospective HFpEF cohort, we assessed the possible relationship between clinical characteristics, outcome as well as treatment response and LVEF.MethodsWe compared differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes across LVEF categories (50%≤LVEF &lt;60% vs. LVEF≥60%) in 1,502 HFpEF patients, and determined whether LVEF modified the treatment response. During 5-year follow-up, all-cause mortality was used as the primary endpoints, and composite endpoints (all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization) were set as the secondary endpoint.ResultsPatients with higher LVEF were statistically older, more likely to be women and have a history of atrial fibrillation. Patients with lower LVEF category were more likely to have a history of coronary artery disease. The incidences of all-cause mortality and composite endpoints were higher in patients with higher LVEF. Also, LVEF modified the spironolactone treatment effect for the primary outcome and secondary endpoint with stronger estimated benefits at the lower LVEF category with respect to all-cause mortality (HR 0.734, 95% CI 0.541–0.997, P = 0.048) and all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization (HR 0.767, 95% CI 0.604–0.972, P = 0.029).ConclusionThe characteristics and outcomes of HFpEF patients varied substantially by LVEF. Patients with higher LVEF encountered more adverse events than those with lower LVEF. The potential efficacy of spironolactone was greatest at the lower category of LVEF spectrum in HFpEF.
Association of lung function with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: Results from NHANES III 1988-1994
Authors: Huang Nian , Tang Chengyao , Li Shiyang , Ma Wenzhi , Zhai Xiaobing , Liu Keyang , Sheerah Haytham A. , Cao Jinhong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe potential effects of pulmonary dysfunction on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality are receiving attention. The current study aimed to explore whether reduced lung function predicts CVD and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes.MethodsA total of 1,723 adults with diabetes (mean age 60.2 years) were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the database records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for coronary heart disease (CHD), CVD, and all-cause mortalities. We conducted stratified analyses based on age, body mass index (BMI), history of hypertension, and dyslipidemia.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 14.62 years (25,184 person-year), a total of 1,221 deaths were documented, of which 327 were CHD, 406 were CVD, and 197 were cancer. After multi-factor adjustment, participants with lower FEV1 and FVC had a higher risk of CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. This association was also found in lower FVC and a higher risk of cancer mortality [HR: 3.85 (1.31–11.32); P for trend = 0.040], but the association of FEV1 was attenuated after adjustment for covariates [HR:2.23 (0.54–9.17); P for trend = 0.247]. In subgroup analysis, we found that the adverse associations of FEV1 and FVC with CVD mortality were observed in subgroups of age, BMI, and history of hypertension and dyslipidemia.ConclusionDeclined lung function was associated with a higher risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes. Lung function tests, especially FEV1 and FVC, should be encouraged to provide prognostic and predictive information for the management of CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes.
Pre-eruptive excess volatiles and their relationship to effusive and explosive eruption styles in semi-plugged volcanoes
Authors: Utami Sri Budhi , Andùjar Juan , Costa Fidel , Scaillet Bruno , Humaida Hanik , Carn Simon 
Published: September 2022

Understanding the role of various factors influencing eruption style is challenging, but it can aid in adapting different hazard mitigations and crisis responses for explosive or effusive events. Here, we focus on the role of magma storage conditions in controlling eruption styles at basaltic andesite volcanoes, and how they can be related to monitoring data. We study the cycle of explosive (1990, sub-Plinian) → effusive (2007, dome) → explosive (2014, sub-Plinian) eruptions from Kelud (Kelut) volcano, Indonesia. We conducted petrological analyses of the eruption products and phase equilibria experiments using pumice and explored a range of temperatures, pressures, oxygen fugacity, and volatile contents. We show that we can reproduce the main mineral assemblage (plagioclase ± pyroxenes ± magnetite ± amphibole ± olivine) and phenocryst content (30–50 wt%) of the magmas from the three eruptions at T = 975 ± 39°C, p = 175 ± 25 MPa, fO2 = nickel–nickel oxide buffer, and about 4–6 wt% water in the melt (ca. 3 to 5 wt% and ca. 4 to 7 wt% for the 1990 and 2014 eruptions, respectively). However, geothermobarometric results also indicate that some crystals of amphibole were sourced from higher pressures. We infer from a synthesis of our data and historical observations that the high phenocryst content of the 2007 dome (∼70 wt%) likely resulted from slow magma ascent toward the surface alongside progressive degassing and re-equilibration at a lower volatile content (∼1 wt% water in the melt). Mass balance calculations on the sulfur budget of the 1990, 2007, and 2014 magmas show that the explosive events contained an excess fluid phase at pre-eruptive conditions, and we propose that this led to their higher explosivity compared to the 2007 dome. The accumulation of excess fluids during decadal-long repose depends on how plugged the volcanic system is, or its ability to passively release magmatic fluids, prior to eruption. Such condition could be inferred from monitoring records, including changes in gravity of the plumbing system over time, and thus contribute to better anticipate eruptive style.
Geological and geomorphological evidence of holocene activity along the maisu fault in the northern Sichuan–Yunnan block, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zuo Hong , Qin Yulong , Liang Mingjian , Sun Kai , Huang Feipeng , Liao Cheng , Zhou Wenying , Wu Weiwei , Zhang Huiping , Yang Yao 
Published: September 2022

The Sichuan–Yunnan block is located in the eastern of Tibetan Plateau and exhibits strong tectonic and earthquake activity. The Maisu fault is an E–W-trending fault within this block. Via interpretations of remote-sensing imagery and field surveys, we identified a earthquake surface rupture zone that has developed along the Maisu fault; we then estimated its Holocene activity. The surface rupture extends westward from the town of Puma, Sichuan Province, to the village of Worilong, Xizang Province, and has a length of approximately 45 km. According to a fault outcrop and carbon-14 dating of a profile near the village of Yongqu, Xizang Province, the most recent earthquake along this rupture may have occurred after 1850 ± 30 BP. The Maisu fault extends eastward and may intersect the Garzê–Yushu fault. Accordingly, as a secondary fault, the Maisu fault likely accommodates the partitioned horizontal slip deformation of the Garzê–Yushu fault.
Effect of large topography on atmospheric environment in Sichuan Basin: A climate analysis based on changes in atmospheric visibility
Authors: Zhang Lei , Guo Xiaomei , Zhao Tianliang , Xu Xiangde , Zheng Xiaobo , Li Yueqing , Luo Lei , Gui Ke , Zheng Yu , Shu Zhuozhi 
Published: September 2022

Using 51 years (1960–2010) of observations from meteorological stations in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, including atmospheric visibility as a proxy for aerosol concentration, relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed and FNL reanalysis data (1°×1°) of air temperature, pressure and wind, and the altitude of each station, a linear trend and multivariate fitting approach was used to explore the effects of the large topography on the atmospheric environment in the Sichuan-Chongqing region. The region mainly consists of two areas: Sichuan Basin (SCB) and Western Sichuan Plateau (WSP; eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau). Visibility was relatively low in the SCB and high in the WSP, indicating the high and low levels of aerosols respectively in the SCB and the WSP. Additionally, visibility and wind speed were positively correlated within the basin (altitude below 750 m), while negatively correlated at stations above 1,500 m, such as on the WSP, indicating that the topography had an influence on the atmospheric environment of the basin. On the one hand, the vertical structures of the wind fields and the vertical profiles of latitudinal deviations in wind speed and air temperature in the basin show that the unique large topography causes a “harbour” effect on the leeward-slope of the WSP, with the SCB being a weak wind region, while the descending air currents in the upper westerlies of the basin form a huge “vault” of air. On the other hand, topographic effects can make the basin more susceptible to the formation of inversion structures near the surface and at high altitudes, thus stabilising the atmosphere. The topographic effects, which is not conducive to horizontal diffusion and convective transport of pollutants, were the most significant in winter, followed by autumn and spring.
Characteristics of loess landslides triggered by the 1927 Mw8.0 earthquake that occurred in Gulang County, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Zhong Xiumei , Xu Xiaowei , Chen Wenkai , Liang Yuxin , Sun Qinyao 
Published: September 2022

The 1927 Gulang Mw8.0 earthquake was one of the largest earthquakes in Gansu, China, which triggered lots of loess landslides. However, the loess of the study area is atypical and different from that of the Loess Plateau. Meanwhile, there are few systematic research studies on the characteristics of these seismic landslides. Combined with previous studies and field investigations, the landslide distribution has been revealed through the visual interpretation of remote sensing images of the study area. The relationships between landslides and various influencing factors have been explored through spatial analysis of geographic information science (GIS). Furthermore, comparisons have been made between the Gulang earthquake landslides and other seismic landslides in the Loess Plateau from macroscopic and microcosmic perspectives. A total of 807 earthquake landslides have been interpreted, with a total landslide area of 256.14 km2. The region with the seismic intensity of Ⅹ is the dominant area of landslide distribution. Also, most landslides are distributed at slope angles of (10° and 40°). The relative elevation difference of (100 m and 300 m) is the high-incidence range of landslides. Compared with seismic landslides in the Loess Plateau, the slope angle and the relative elevation difference of most landslides in the study area are larger. The strength of the loess structure in the study area is stronger than that in the Loess Plateau from the view of physical properties and microstructure.
Investigation of pollutant metals in road dust in a post-industrial city: Case study from Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Denny Max , Baskaran Mark , Burdick Scott , Tummala Chandra , Dittrich Timothy 
Published: September 2022

Inhalation and/or ingestion of toxic heavy metals enriched in road dust have toxic effects on humans. From inhalation and ingestion of dust, release of readily bioavailable elements sorbed on to dust, could lead to health issues such as lung or skin cancer, kidney dysfunction, hypertension, dermal lesions, peripheral neuropathy, and vascular disease. On 49 road dust and soil samples collected in the Metro Detroit area, we analyzed a suite of trace metals in &lt;63 μm and size-separated fractions to quantify the extent of metal enrichment and contamination status. We evaluated Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Index (PI), Geoaccumulation Index (GI), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The average Chromium (Cr) concentration of 198 ppm is the highest reported for any global city in literature while in ∼80% samples, Barium (Ba), Cr, Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) concentrations exceeded the USEPA limit. The EF for Barium (Ba) was found to be ≥9 in all samples, and for the rest of other elements was &gt;1.5. The PI values for Cr, Ba, Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), and Selenium (Se) indicate elevated levels and for Ba, Cr, and Zn up to a moderate level. PLI values in &gt;50% of road dusts were ≥3, indicating many sites are ‘heavily polluted’. The PLI value in Detroit road dust is higher than those reported for some other global cities including Shanghai. Observed strong correlations between Cr-Zn and Cadmium (Cd)-Silver (Ag) likely indicate a common metal source. Cluster analysis of data for Cd, Arsenic (As), Pb, and Zn appears to be distinct between different proximally related clusters, while Nickel (Ni) and Ba are potentially more distinct between property type clusters. In general, metal concentrations of industrial samples are more commonly distinct with over half of metals (≥6 of 11) differing from residential and/or soil samples. Three generalized “groups” were identified from the combination of hierarchical cluster and PCA analyses followed by varimax rotation: Group 1 characterized by Cr, Cd, Ni, Ag, Zn, and Copper (Cu); Group 2 characterized by Pb, As, Mercury (Hg), and minor Ba; and Group 3 characterized by Se. This is the first study to report all four metrics of metal pollution along with rigorous statistical analysis.
Subtyping children with asthma by clustering analysis of mRNA expression data
Authors: Wang Ting , He Changhui , Hu Ming , Wu Honghua , Ou Shuteng , Li Yuke , Fan Chuping 
Published: September 2022

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease. There are several phenotypic classifications for childhood asthma.Methods: Unsupervised consensus cluster analysis was used to classify 36 children with persistent asthma from the GSE65204 dataset. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different asthma subtypes were identified, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was performed for DEGs and critical gene modules. Protein–protein interactions (PPI) were constructed to obtain the hub genes. Finally, differences in the immune microenvironment were analyzed between different subtypes.Results: Two subtypes (C1, C2) were identified using unsupervised consensus clustering. The DEGs between different asthma subtypes were mainly enriched in immune regulation and the release of inflammatory mediators. The important modular genes screened by WGCNA were mainly enriched in aspects of inflammatory mediator regulation. PPI analysis found 10 hub genes (DRC1, TTC25, DNALI1, DNAI1, DNAI2, PIH1D3, ARMC4, RSPH1, DNAAF3, and DNAH5), and ROC analysis demonstrated that 10 hub genes had a reliably ability to distinguish C1 from C2. And we observed differences between C1 and C2 in their immune microenvironment.Conclusion: Using the gene expression profiles of children’s nasal epithelium, we identified two asthma subtypes that have different gene expression patterns, biological characteristics, and immune microenvironments. This will provide a reference point for future childhood asthma typing and personalized therapy.
Determinants of prolonged hospitalization and mortality among leptospirosis patients attending tertiary care hospitals in northeastern state in peninsular Malaysia: A cross sectional retrospective analysis
Authors: Al Hariri Yassin K. , Sulaiman Syed A. S. , Khan Amer H. , Adnan Azreen S. , Al-Ebrahem Sundos Q. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundLeptospirosis is the most common anthropozoonosis worldwide and imposes a major public health problem in many tropical countries. It is a leading cause of disease burden in form of mortality, morbidity and hospital admission. Identifying patients at high risk for mortality or for prolonged hospitalization may save lives and preserve economy. The aim of the current study is to identify significant factors associated with disease mortality and prolonged hospitalization.DesignCress-sectional retrospective study.SettingsTertiary care teaching hospitals in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia.ParticipantsAdult patients proven to have leptospirosis depending on IgM ELISA were classified into two classes depending on prolonged hospitalization (&gt;7 days or ≤ 7 days) and mortality (fatal cases or non-fatal cases). Patients' clinico-laboratory data were compared according to these two outcomes using the appropriate statistical test.ResultsOf the 525 patients enrolled, 136 (25.9%) had prolonged hospitalization. The mean length of stay was 6.77 ± 5.68 days. Logistic regression analysis identified acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 2.3), Jaundice (OR 2.7), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 2), and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) (OR 1.9) independently associated with prolonged hospitalization. Case fatality rate was 6.48% and around one third of fatal cases had prolonged hospitalization of more than seven days. Factors associated with leptospirosis mortality included age &gt;40 years (p &lt; 0.001), patients presented with tachypnea (p = 0.002), pulmonary infiltrate (p &lt; 0.001), T-wave changes (p &lt; 0.001), atrial fibrillation (p = 0.013), conducting abnormality (p &lt; 0.001), chronic kidney diseases (p &lt; 0.001), multiple organ dysfunctions (p &lt; 0.0010), respiratory failure (p &lt; 0.001), pneumonia (p &lt; 0.001), sepsis (p = 0.004), low venous PH (p = 0.042), AKI (P &lt; 0.001), elevated AST (p &lt; 0.001) or ALT (p = 0.004), hypoalbuminemia (p &lt; 0.001), rhabdomyolysis (p &lt; 0.001), severe thrombocytopenia (p = 0.042), prolonged PT (p &lt; 0.001) or prolonged aPTT (p &lt; 0.017).ConclusionsSignificant proportion of leptospirosis patients (25.9%) had prolonged hospital stay and less proportion died (6.48%). Early identifying patients with factors associated with prolonged hospitalization and death will positively impact practitioners' decisions regarding the proper and fast course of management including ICU admission.
Visualizing stellate ganglion with US imaging for guided SGB treatment: A feasibility study with healthy adults
Authors: Li Jia , Pu Shaofeng , Liu Zihao , Jiang Lixin , Zheng Yuanyi 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveAs for ultrasound (US) guided stellate ganglion (SG) block, unsatisfactory curative outcomes and complications still remain. This problem could be greatly improved by identifying and monitoring SG. To the best of our knowledge, there are few reports to directly visualize SG in literature. This study explored the feasibility of detection of SG and summarized the findings of SG through US.MethodsFifty healthy adults with 100 SGs were enrolled. The size, shape, echogenicity, margin, the inferior pole of SG, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the transverse process, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the inferior thyroid artery, and the relationships between SG and other surrounding tissues were evaluated by US.ResultsThe SG was identified in 79% of the participants. No significant differences were found between the right and left sides regarding thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA), and position (all p &gt; 0.05); however, there was a significant difference in the width of the right and left sides (p &lt; 0.05). Side was associated with SG visibility (p &lt; 0.05), however, the gender was not (p &gt; 0.05). A total of 42% of SGs were oval-shaped. All SGs were hyperechogenic and had an ill-defined margin. In fact, 63% of SGs were located in the C7 transverse process level, 77% of SGs were located under the inferior thyroid artery, and all of these SGs were located lateral to the thyroid and medial to the anterior scalene muscle and the vagus nerve.ConclusionOur preliminary study demonstrates that US imaging provides the capability of detecting SG. This may be helpful in minimizing complications and improving the accuracy of US-guided SG block.