bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf Wax and Transpiration in Brassica oleracea L.1
Authors: Denna D. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water loss in relation to the wax associated with the surface of leaves of Brassica oleracea was investigated. Varieties of Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower and collards were found to possess highly significant differences in regard to stomatal transpiration, cuticular transpiration and quantity of wax per unit area of leaf surface. Rubbing away the waxy bloom increased the cuticular transpiration rate. There was little correlation between the quantity of wax and the water loss per unit area of leaf surface either during the daytime or nighttime experiments. It appears inadvisable to attempt to breed for drought resistance in Brassica oleracea by selecting for the presence of a heavy waxy bloom or high levels of wax per unit area of leaf surface.
Host Preference and Resistance of Pyrus Species to the Pear Psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster1
Authors: Westigard P. H. , Westwood M. N. , Lombard P. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field and laboratory studies of host preference and resistance of Pyrus species and cultivars to the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola, were conducted in Southern Oregon from 1964–1968. Asian species were generally less attractive to oviposition than those from Asia Minor, North Africa or Europe. Attractiveness of P. pyrifolia and P. communis cultivars was higher than for P. ussuriensis.
Susceptibility of Pyrus was based on differences between total egg deposition and resulting nymphal populations. Using this nymph/egg ratio the results indicated that Asian material was more resistant than material from Asia Minor or Europe. The Asian species P. fauriei and P. calleryana exhibited both a high degree of unattractiveness to oviposition and resistance to nymphal development.
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Xanthomonas Disease of Philodendron oxycardium1
Authors: Harkness Roy W. , Marlatt R. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Philodendron oxycardium was grown in a medium of peat mosssand 3:1 with applied nutrient solutions varying from 5 to 450 ppm of N, 0 to 50 ppm of P and 0 to 444 ppm of K. In the soil, these concentrations were somewhat increased by evaporation. Most of the leaf analyses were in the ranges 1.5 to 3.5% N, 0.08 to 0.40% P and 1.5 to 5.5% K. Within these ranges, growth decreased with an increase in N content and increased with an increase in P and K.
When inoculated with Xanthomonas sp., disease decreased with increasing N and was not much affected by K. Phosphorus had little effect on disease except in one of the 6 experiments, where a reduction was found when the leaf P exceeded 0.40%.
Old green leaves were more susceptible to inoculation than young. The disease did not reappear in plants after all leaves were removed and stems had produced new foliage. The pathogen did not carry over in stems, roots or potting medium.
Nitrogen Rate Effects on Lemon Production, Quality and Leaf Nitrogen1
Authors: Jones W. W. , Embleton T. W. , Boswell S. B. , Goodall G. E. , Barnhart E. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Prior Lisbon’ lemon trees were treated with increasing rates of N fertilizer up to 6 lb. N per tree per year. Likewise, ‘Monroe Lisbon’ lemon trees were treated with up to 4 lb. N per tree per year. Also, for the Trior Lisbon/one treatment was 6 urea foliage sprays per year which supplied about 2 lb. N per tree per year. For the Trior Lisbon’ there was a tendency for yields to increase with increasing N rates with the high rate yielding significantly more than the low rate. Yield was highly correlated with leaf N with maximum yield occurring at about 2.2% leaf N. Urea foliage sprays maintained leaf N and maximum yield. Fruit quality was not adversely affected by increasing N. As with Prior ‘Lisbon’, ‘Monroe Lisbon’ yields increased with increasing N but the maximum yield occurred at about 2.5% leaf N. Yields from single N applications were not different from split N applications.
Influences of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Kinetin on Rooting and Indole Metabolism of Feijoa sellowiana1
Authors: Meredith W. C. , Joiner J. N. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A series of 6 experiments was initiated October 9, 1964, to find root promoting or inhibiting factors in Feijoa sellowiana stem cuttings, to find a method of promoting rooting in difïicult-to-root plants, and to obtain information on indole metabolism in cuttings during the rooting process.
The ability to root in response to IAA or kinetin varied greatly between clones. Both kinetin and IAA promoted rooting of one clone but had no effect on 2 others.
Gas chromatographic analysis did not reveal any endogenous indole compounds in leafless stems. Indoles may have been present, but were masked by other compounds present in samples. IAA applied to cuttings was detected in samples taken immediately after treatment but not in samples taken 24 hr later. An unknown compound believed to be an inhibitor was found in both moderately easy and difficult-to-root clones but the content was 5 times higher in the latter. Effective levels of kinetin and IAA were found to be 0.10 and 70.00 mg/liter respectively when applied as an 8 hr basal soak.
Influence of Seeding Rate, Source and Level of Nitrogen, on Yield, Color, Leaf Blade Weight, and Nitrogen Content of Turnip Greens1
Authors: del Valle C. G. , Harmon S. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yield, color, leaf blade weight, and N content of turnip greens are reported for plants grown under field conditions. Nitrogen supplied by NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 significantly increased yield, leaf blade weight, N content, and improved color as the N rate was increased from 40 to 160 lb. N/A. Significant positive correlations were obtained between N content of tops and yields. The high seeding rate (10 lb./A) decreased color and leaf blade weight. The nitrate source of N, alone or combined wTith the ammonium source, was equally effective in increasing yields and N percentage in tops. The best yield was obtained with a split application of 160 lb. N/A and the best color and leaf blade weight with 2.5 or 5.0 lb./A seeding rates.
Use of Growth Retardants for Increasing Tomato Yields and Adaptation for Mechanical Harvest1
Authors: Read Paul E. , Fieldhouse D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yields of tomato cultivars ‘Heinz 1350’ and ‘Delaware 65S3-2’ (a mid-season processing variety) were increased by foliar sprays of succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (Alar) and 2-chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride (Cycocel). The most effective treatments were those in which 2500 ppm Alar was applied at the first or fourth true leaf stage of growth or at both of these times. Concentration of harvest was improved and early yield was increased by subsequent application of 5000 ppm Alar as a flower “cut-off” spray after desired fruit set had been achieved. The latter treatment has desirable implications for mechanical harvesting, since it virtually eliminated green fruit “pick-out” and slowed vegetative growth, thus causing a more concentrated harvest because of more rapid fruit maturation.
The yield increases are attributed to a combination of effects including resistance to water and heat stresses, more flowers per cluster and thus more fruits per plant. Additional hormone-like effects of Alar and certain Alar analogs were observed.
Effect of Water Table on Mineral Content, Root and Shoot Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality in ‘Washington Navel’ Orange and ‘Balady’ Mandarin1
Authors: Minessy F. A. , Barakat M. A. , El-Azab E. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The vigor of ‘Washington’ navel orange and ‘Balady’ mandarin trees was inversely associated with the depth of the water table. The tree height varied from 302 to 93 cm for ‘Washington’ navel orange and from 222 to 103 cm for ‘Balady’ mandarin at water table depths of 171 to 53 cm in the former and 158 to 89 cm in the latter case. The total amount of feeder roots ranged from 521 to 54 g dry weight per tree in the ‘Washington’ naval orange and from 558 to 89 g per tree in the ‘Balady’ mandarin.
The total new leaf area produced per tree per year decreased sharply in both varieties with increased shallowness of the water table.
For both varieties, not much differences in per cent Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, P and N in spring leaves or roots were found with respect to the varying depth of water table.
Yield decreased sharply as the water table became closer to the soil surface in both varieties.
Maturation and Quality of Tomatoes with Preharvest Treatments of 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid1
Authors: Iwahori Shuichi , Lyons James M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When applied to individual greenhouse tomato fruit at ages from 15 to 35 days after anthesis, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) at 500 ppm reduced the number of days between anthesis and breaker stage by 7 days. As a result, the early yield from treated fruit was increased considerably with the total yield reaching the same level as the control fruit. No difference in pH and only slight differences in titratable acid or soluble solids between treated and control fruit were observed when compared at the same stage of ripeness. This was also true with respect to respiration and ethylene production of fruit harvested at the breaker stage and stored at 23°C.
Inheritance and Flavor Contribution of 2-Isobutylthiazole, Methyl Salicylate and Eugenol in Tomatoes1
Authors: Stevens M. Allen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The volatile compounds of tomato cultivars ‘Campbell 146’ and ‘Campbell 1327’ were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Heritable concentration differences were found for 3 compounds identified by retention time and infrared spectroscopy as 2-isobutylthiazole, methyl salicylate and eugenol. Investigation of concentrations and flavor thresholds indicated that they probably contribute to tomato flavor.
A study of the inheritance of the 3 compounds indicated that 2-isobutylthiazole concentration was determined by a single gene with additive effects. Concentrations of methyl salicylate and eugenol were determined by single genes closely linked in the coupling phase, with dominance for low concentration.
A Gas Chromatographic Procedure for Determining Soluble Carbohydrates Extracted from Leaf Tissue of Ilex opaca Ait. Cv. ‘Miss Helen’1
Authors: Fretz T. A. , Dunham C. W. , Woodmansee C. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaf tissue carbohydrates of Ilex opaca cv. ‘Miss Helen’ extracted with alcohol and methylated with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and hexamethyl-disilizane (HMDS) were assayed by gas chromatography. This empirical procedure involved a one-hour refluxing of 1 g of air dried plant tissue in 80% ethanol, followed by taking 2 ml of the alcoholic extract to dryness at 70°C. Upon dryness the material was taken up with 0.25 ml anhydrous pyridine, and methylated with 0.1 ml of TMCS and 0.1 ml of HMDS. After 30 min of reaction time a 2 µl portion of the mixture was assayed by gas chromatography. Five carbohydrates, D-fructose, D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-glucose and sucrose were identified. These carbohydrates extracted from the plant tissue were of a soluble nature. No apparent starch or cellulose hydrolysis was observed as a result of the extraction procedure. Reagent grade carbohydrates were observed to anomerize during the extraction procedure, however no indication of this phenomenon was noted with the plant tissue. Recovery was in the order of 90% with good associated reproducibility.
Effects of 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid on Ripening of Cantaloupes1, 2
Authors: Kasmire R. F. , Rappaport Lawrence , May D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Applications of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid to field grown cantaloupes resulted in yellowing of leaves, early abscission, apparent ripening of immature melons and increased total and marketable yields of full-slip melons. The percentage of soluble solids was slightly lower in treated melons.
The Inheritance of Number of Pods Per Node in Peas, Pisum sativum L.1
Authors: Ibarbia E. A. , Bienz D. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field studies of crosses involving lines of peas which produce predominantly 1, 2 and 3 pods at each peduncle showed that inheritance of number of pods is quantitative. As many as 8–9 genes appear to differentiate pod number of the cultivars used in this study.
Estimates of heritability showed that about 50% of the total field variance of pods per peduncle was due to genetic causes. Of this about 17% was due to additive genetic effects.
A New York Study of ‘Mcintosh’ Apple Optimum Harvest Dates1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. , Ben-David Shaul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a 9-year study of ‘Mcintosh’, 85 observations were made of the optimum harvest date for apples destined for storage. Statistical analyses showed that 75% of the variation in the length of the period from bloom to harvest was associated with seasonal differences in dates of bloom and average mean daily temperatures during the period from bloom + 30 days.
Inheritance of Resistance to Southern Bean Mosaic Virus in Southern Pea, Vigna sinensis1
Authors: Brantley B. B. , Kuhn C. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Southern pea (cowpea) plants reacted with 4 types of response to southern bean mosaic virus-cowpea strain: 1) susceptible, 2) hypersensitive, 3) hypersensitive plus systemic necrosis, and 4) symptomless reaction. The hypersensitive reaction (resistant) on inoculated leaves was dominant and inheritance was controlled by a single gene pair. In segregating populations of some crosses, systemic necrosis followed the initial hypersensitivity. Although the inheritance of the systemic necrosis was not determined, it appeared to be influenced by temperature. Plants without systemic necrosis were selected from F3 populations.
Noninfectious Bud-failure in Almond, a Nontransmissible Inherited Disorder. III. Variability in BF Potential Within Plants1
Authors: Kester Dale E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Source of buds within individual trees was studied in relation to development of noninfectious bud-failure (BF) in almond. Buds were collected from upper and lower portions of phenotypically normal seedling trees of populations where BF potentiality existed. Comparison of propagated trees over a period of 7 years showed that differences existed in BF potential between upper and lower parts of the tree but not among buds from the same budstick. The differences between location suggested random changes in BF potential occurred within the bud source trees.
Biochemical Comparison of Fruit Buds in Five Peach Cultivars of Varying Degrees of Cold Hardiness1
Authors: Lasheen Aly M. , Chaplin Carl E. , Harmon Ronald N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit buds of 5 peach cultivars—‘New’, ‘Daroga’, ‘Redskin’, ‘Mayflower’, and ‘Loring’—grown in Kentucky and exhibiting varying degrees of cold hardiness, were compared biochemically. Fruit bud analysis for total and reducing sugars, starch, total protein, and total and individual free amino acids indicate some correlation between the degree of hardiness and the biochemical make-up of these cultivars. Generally, a high sugar and protein content, and a low total free amino acids were associated with increase in hardiness. Specifically, significant correlation was found between hardiness and a high sugar and protein content when buds were frozen at −2½° F. Significant correlation was also found between 2 amino acids (arginine and γ-NH2 butyric) and hardiness at both −2½° and −5°.
Breeding Tomatoes for Radial Fruit Crack Resistance and Other Characters1
Authors: Hernandez Teme P. , Nassar Sayed Hassan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Breeding tomatoes for resistance to fruit cracking was started in Louisiana in 1960. Varieties and lines used in these tests were ‘Pinkdeal’, ‘Floralou’, ‘Glamour’, L70 and L125, as resistant to moderately resistant parents, and L92 as a very susceptible line. Crosses were made to get the possible combinations of F1 F2 and backcrosses of ‘Pinkdeal’, ‘Floralou’ with L92.
In crosses of ‘Pinkdeal’ and ‘Floralou’, with L92 partial dominance of genes controlling fruit crack resistance was found. The F2 data showed a skewness of plant distribution toward the resistant parent. From the backcross progenies of ‘Pinkdeal’ × L92 × ‘Pinkdeal’, L70 was selected after 8 filial generations as a recombination having a high level of fruit crack resistance in conjunction with good horticultural characters. Tomato lines L161 and L210 resulted from a cross of L70 × L125 and these lines were pressure selected for 6 or more generations for fruit crack resistance, good horticultural characters and root knot nematode resistance. L147 resulted from a cross of ‘Glamour’ × L92; it has good horticultural characters. These lines demonstrated highly significant levels of fruit crack resistance and good productivity on field tests for several years.
Heat and Fungicide Treatments to Control Decay of Cantaloupes
Authors: Stewart Joseph K. , Wells John M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cantaloupes treated with 135° F water for 15, 30, or 60 seconds had significantly less stem-scar mold and surface mold than melons treated with 71° water (wet check). A 30-sec immersion controlled stem-scar mold slightly better than a 15-sec immersion. The addition of 600 ppm captan to the water at 135° significantly reduced stem-scar mold and surface mold compared to the hot-water treatment alone. Alternaria, Fusarium, and Rhizopus spp. were the fungi most frequently associated with these infections. Quality was evaluated after holding the melons for 7 days at 46° plus an additional 3 days at 72°.
In 3 of the 6 tests, the hot-water treatments significantly increased suture browning of the melons compared to the wet check. The fungicide did not influence suture browning.
General appearance of the melons treated at 130°, 135° or 145° was significantly better than that of the wet check (71°) melons, because of mold control by the hot water.
A Numerical Taxonomic Study of the Mango Mangifera indica L.1
Authors: Rhodes A. M. , Campbell Carl , Malo Simon E. , Carmer S. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Variability among 40 cultivars of Mangifera indica L. and one specimen each from M. odorato Griff, and M. zeylanica Hook f. were measured and classified using the unweighted pair group method of cluster analysis of distance coefficients based on 73 characters. Neither M. odorata nor M. zeylanica showed a close overall similarity to any of the cultivars of M. indica. Most cultivars clustered into 1 of 4 major groups. One group contained the polyembryonic cultivars with oblong fruit common to Southeast Asia. Another group consisted of monoembryonic cultivars with roundish fruit common to India. A third group, intermediate in fruit shape, included cultivars from India and one from the West Indies. The final group involved several hybrids developed in Florida and Hawaii. This group, as a rule, has large fruit and is designated as the Sandersha-Haden complex. A tentative pedigree based on both reported parentage and distance coefficients is given for this group. A few cultivars from Indo-china, the West Indies, and Réunion did not show close enough affinity to be placed into any of the above groups.
Leaf Nutrient Levels, Chlorosis, and Growth of Young Grapefruit Trees on 16 Rootstocks Grown on Calcareous Soil1
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. , Olson E. O. , Shull A. V. , Peynado Ascension 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Four-year-old nucellar ‘CES No. 3 Redblush’ grapefruit trees on 16 rootstocks, including 8 hybrids, growing on a calcareous soil of pH 8.4 differed in tree size and leaf color. Trees on sour orange, ‘Kunenbo’ mandarin and ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin rootstock were considerably larger and their foliage was greener than those of trees on other rootstocks. Trees on ‘Changsha’ mandarin, C61-250 (‘Shekwasha’ mandarin × ‘Koethen’ sweet orange) also were chlorosis-resistant but they were smaller than the trees on the other tolerant rootstocks. Rootstock effects on 10 mineral element levels in the leaves are discussed.
Successful Response of Cold-Stored Strawberry Plants Dug in the Fall1
Authors: Worthington John T. , Scott D. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of temperatures, before digging and during storage, on the physical condition of cold-stored strawberry plants and their field response are given. Results for 3 of 4 varieties tested under Maryland conditions indicate that most strawberry plants dug in the fall can be stored successfully for 5 months at 30° F. Early digging of non-dormant plants is a feasible method of avoiding winter injury without causing loss of salable plants. Removing leaves from certain varieties before storage had no detrimental effect and probably should be done to avoid the development of decay in storage.
The Use of Tissue Culture in the Study of Single Gene Resistance of Tomato to Phytophthora infestans1
Authors: Warren R. S. , Routley D. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tissue culture lines were established from tomato varieties susceptible and resistant to tomato race 0 of Phytophthora infestans. Inoculation of tissue culture pieces showed that at least partial resistance to the pathogen was maintained in the undiferentiated callus. An extraction procedure was developed for fractionation of fluorescent phenolic compounds. Chromatographic comparisons of phenolics from resistant and susceptible tissue culture lines, before and up to 6 days after inoculation, showed no significant differences in phenolic content. Ten days after inoculation there was an almost total loss of fluorescent phenolics from susceptible pieces. Comparisons of callus and leaf phenolics showed large qualitative differences between these two tissue types.
The Influence of Succinamic Acid 2,2 - Dimethylhydrazide on the Growth and Flowering of Pinched vs. Unpinched Plants of the Kalanchoe Hybrid ‘Mace’1
Authors: Nightingale Arthur E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The influence of the plant growth retardant succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar)2 on the growth and flowering of pinched and unpinched plants of the Kalanchoe hybrid ‘Mace’ was investigated using 2 pinch treatments and 4 concentrations 0, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm Alar applied as a foliar spray.
Plant height and span of the inflorescences were reduced in direct relationship to concentration on both the pinched and unpinched plants The number of flowers was reduced by all concentrations but was not significantly affected by pinching. The reduction in height and span was more pronounced than the reduction in number of flowers. The result was a better proportioned, more desirable plant.
Anthocyanins in Ripe Fruit of the Highbush Blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L.1
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Maness Eleanor P. , Kushman L. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The 3-monoarabinosides and 3-monogalactosides of delphinidin (Dp), petunidin (Pt), malvidin (Mv), and peonidin (Pn) as well as small amounts of the 3-monoglucosides of Dp, Pt, Mv, Pn, and cyanidin (Cy) were isolated from ripe blueberry fruit, variety ‘Croatan’. Small amounts of the 3-monogalactoside of Cy were present also. None of these 14 anthocyanins (Acy) were acylated. The major Acy were (in descending order): Mv-3-galactose, Dp-3-galactose, Dp-3-arabinose, Pt-3-galactose, Pt-3-arabinose and Mv-3-arabinose.