bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the face is a great imitator with aggressive behavior
Authors: Seretis Konstantinos , Bounas Nikolaos , Lampri Evangeli , Lykoudis Efstathios 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare subtype of non-melanoma skin cancer developing in the intraepithelial portion of eccrine sweat glands. It is branded with a highly metastatic potential and increased rate of local recurrence after treatment. EPC showcased a trend of developing on the extremities, with presentation on the face sparse.
Objectives: Aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency, clinical features, and course of this malignancy presented on the face.
Methods: A retrospective review of the skin cancers excised between January 2010 and June 2021 was conducted in the plastic surgery department of a tertiary hospital. Patients were included in the study if EPC on the face was histologically confirmed. A prospectively maintained clinic database and the pathological reports were used to collect data.
Results: 4 EPC cases on the face out of 3984 confirmed skin cancers were identified. None of the cases was suspected clinically, but the diagnosis was established following the histopathologic examination. An aggressive postoperative behavior was confirmed in two cases.
Conclusions: The variance in the clinical presentation and the non-specific characteristics are perplexing clinical diagnosis, with the histopathologic examination representing the current standard for confirmation. Early diagnosis and adequate surgical resection are recommended as treatment cornerstones. Clinical awareness ought to be raised and a definitive treatment protocol be established for optimized results.
Comparison between hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone in inducing osteogenic differentiation and augmenting maxillary bone regeneration in rats
Authors: Luchman Nur Atmaliya , Megat Abdul Wahab Rohaya , Zainal Ariffin Shahrul Hisham , Nasruddin Nurrul Shaqinah , Lau Seng Fong , Yazid Farinawati 
Published: May 2022

Background
The selection of appropriate scaffold plays an important role in ensuring the success of bone regeneration. The use of scaffolds with different materials and their effect on the osteogenic performance of cells is not well studied and this can affect the selection of suitable scaffolds for transplantation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the comparative ability of two different synthetic scaffolds, mainly hydroxyapatite (HA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in promoting in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration.

Method
In vitro cell viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on HA and PCL scaffolds were determined in comparison to the accepted model outlined for two-dimensional systems. An in vivo study involving the transplantation of MC3T3-E1 cells with scaffolds into an artificial bone defect of 4 mm length and 1.5 mm depth in the rat’s left maxilla was conducted. Three-dimensional analysis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemistry analyses evaluation were performed after six weeks of transplantation.

Results
MC3T3-E1 cells on the HA scaffold showed the highest cell viability. The cell viability on both scaffolds decreased after 14 days of culture, which reflects the dominant occurrence of osteoblast differentiation. An early sign of osteoblast differentiation can be detected on the PCL scaffold. However, cells on the HA scaffold showed more prominent results with intense mineralized nodules and significantly (p < 0.05) high levels of ALP activity with prolonged osteoblast induction. Micro-CT and H&E analyses confirmed the in vitro results with bone formation were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in HA scaffold and was supported by IHC analysis which confirmed stronger expression of osteogenic markers ALP and osteocalcin.

Conclusion
Different scaffold materials of HA and PCL might have influenced the bone regeneration ability of MC3T3-E1. Regardless, in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration was better in the HA scaffold which indicates its great potential for application in bone regeneration.
Anthropocene Bearing on Snow-Avalanche Disasters over the West Indian Himalayas: An Appraisal
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Samal Arnada 
Published: May 2022

The Himalayas is massive mountainous hills of altitude about 2000m to 6500m garlanding India in the north extending about 2500km arc-shaped snowy glaciers covering parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, China, and Bhutan at various heights in sub-tropics. Snow avalanches in winter with floods and landslides cause maximum fatalities with increasing vulnerability in West Indian Himalayas (WIH) dropping temperature to ≈ -60°C. The ignored calamity has encountered unplanned relief to inaccessible areas that warrant a disaster risk reduction (DRR) approach with modern structural interventions under downsizing glacier due to Anthropocene stresses.
The present study envisions the various avalanche occurrences in the three most pretentious states Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, in WIH. Correlation between geological vs meteorological responsibilities such as temperature, earthquake, snowfalls, and Indian summer monsoon with avalanche sorted out and causes depicted. Present investigation is about vulnerability, risk, track, impact, forecasting procedures, early warning system (EWS), disaster risk reduction processes, moderating strategies and other factors.
The inferred results are the cause of avalanche formation, the decline in the glacier area, the increase in frequency, and intensity, and the disaster risk reduction processes including the disaster management action plan (DMAP). The vulnerability area designation, awareness among people, disaster mitigation by public private partnership (PPP) mode, as combined effort on war footing basis by the line departments.
Surface Wettability for Skin‐Interfaced Sensors and Devices
Authors: Wang Xiufeng , Liu Yangchengyi , Cheng Huanyu , Ouyang Xiaoping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe practical applications of skin‐interfaced sensors and devices in daily life hinge on the rational design of surface wettability to maintain device integrity and achieve improved sensing performance under complex hydrated conditions. Various bioinspired strategies have been implemented to engineer desired surface wettability for varying hydrated conditions. Although the bodily fluids can negatively affect the device performance, they also provide a rich reservoir of health‐relevant information and sustained energy for next‐generation stretchable self‐powered devices. As a result, the design and manipulation of the surface wettability are critical to effectively control the liquid behavior on the device surface for enhanced performance. The sensors and devices with engineered surface wettability can collect and analyze health biomarkers while being minimally affected by bodily fluids or ambient humid environments. The energy harvesters also benefit from surface wettability design to achieve enhanced performance for powering on‐body electronics. This review first summarizes the commonly used approaches to tune the surface wettability for target applications toward skin‐interfaced sensors and devices. By considering the existing challenges, one also discusses the opportunities as a small fraction of potential future developments, which can lead to a new class of skin‐interfaced devices for use in digital health and personalized medicine.
Vertical Phase Separation Structure for High‐Performance Organic Thin‐Film Transistors: Mechanism, Optimization Strategy, and Large‐Area Fabrication toward Flexible and Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Yin Xiaowen , Yang Junliang , Wang Haibo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) exhibit great potential applications in flexible logic circuits, sensors, nonvolatile memory, etc. The vertical phase separation (VPS) structure, deriving from the blends of small molecules and polymers, can produce a high‐quality crystalline semiconducting layer and an intrinsic and trap‐free semiconductor/insulator interface. OTFTs with a VPS structure provide a promising route to accelerate their commercialization due to these desirable features including excellent device performance, good uniformity and reproducibility, environmental and mechanical stability, low‐cost and large‐area fabrication. Additionally, VPS OTFTs also exhibit a good balance between electronical properties and stretchability for intrinsic stretchable OTFTs. Herein, a comprehensive review is given on VPS structure for flexible and stretchable OTFTs. First, the evolution history of VPS structures and its formation mechanism are summarized. Based on the understanding of the VPS structure, the optimization strategies of VPS structures for high‐performance OTFTs are presented. Subsequently, the large‐area fabrication techniques of VPS structures, as well as the potential applications in flexible and stretchable OTFTs, are discussed. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided for the further development of VPS structure in OTFTs. This review would promote the understanding and development of VPS structures in OTFTs, accelerating its applications in flexible and stretchable electronics.
Development of Unconventional Nano‐Metamaterials from Viral Nano‐Building Blocks
Authors: Passaretti Paolo , Schofield Zoe , Rickard Jonathan James Stanley , White Henry , Mahajan Sumeet , Goldberg Oppenheimer Pola 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructured metamaterials are periodically arranged nanostructures in which the dielectric constant is periodically modulated on a length‐scale comparable to the desired wavelength of operation. Interactions of the electric fields of light waves with the sub‐wavelength unit structures can produce effects that are impossible in natural materials. Here, a technique to construct three‐dimensional (3D) metamaterials using self‐assembling M13 viral building‐blocks as templates which are then replicated into a metal quasi‐3D nanostructure is developed. By correct fit of virus fragments, it is possible to employ them in a LEGO‐like way to build up well‐defined structures on the nanoscale. The virus blocks are designed to spontaneously assemble into 3D‐periodic network structures with interesting optical properties. Subsequently, templating of these nanostructures into inorganic materials allows the replication of their network into an inverse periodic metal structure, which has the appropriate architecture for optical metamaterials. Establishing such a technique provides an important link toward the realization of applied metamaterials potentially heralding a new era for developing novel types of bio‐synthetic optical materials. These materials have a wide range of potential uses including cloaking materials, light‐storage devices, high‐speed optical computers and nano‐lasers, and will offer numerous applications in transformation optics.
Enantioselective Construction of Amino Carboxylic‐Phosphonic Acid Derivatives Enabled by Chiral Amino Thiourea‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Mannich Reaction
Authors: Wang Xue‐Qi , Feng Fang‐Fang , Nie Jing , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn asymmetric decarboxylative Mannich reaction of phosphonate sultam‐ketimines with malonic acid half esters is developed enabled by saccharide‐derived bifunctional amino thiourea catalysis. This protocol provides access to a broad range of α‐amino‐β‐carboxylic phosphonates featuring the N,P‐containing tetrasubstituted stereocenters with 78–99% ee. Further synthetic derivatizations could allow the introduction of amide, alcohol, and azetidine scaffolds to the core structures.magnified image
Comparative analysis of growth performance and survival of the West African mangrove oyster, Crassostrea tulipa (Lamarck, 1819) cultivated by suspension and bottom culture methods in the Densu Estuary, Ghana
Authors: Osei Isaac Kofi , Yankson Kobina , Obodai Edward Adzesiwor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study compares the efficacy of suspension and bottom culture methods of the West African mangrove oyster, Crassostrea tulipa on recycled oyster shell cultch in the Densu Estuary, Ghana, which is geared towards its mass cultivation. It further assessed the relationship between selected environmental factors and growth performance as well as survival of C. tulipa. Oyster spat grew up to 5.56 ± 0.10 cm shell height (SH) in suspension culture and 4.60 ± 0.14 cm SH in bottom culture on the convex surface of the oyster shell cultch, whereas oysters cultured by suspension and on the bottom measured 5.59 ± 0.14 cm SH and 4.68 ± 0.14 cm SH on the concave surface of the cultch, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the growth rate of oysters cultured by suspension (1.02 ± 0.24 cm/month for oysters in the convex surface of the cultch, 1.00 ± 0.24 cm/month for those grown on the concave surface) and on the bottom (0.80 ± 0.23 cm/month and 0.81 ± 0.23 cm/month for oysters on convex and concave sides of the cultch, respectively). There was no significant difference in the survival of oysters cultured by suspension and bottom methods on both surfaces of the cultch between January and June 2018 (χ2 = 0.06, p = 0.99; χ2 = 0.19, p = 0.99, respectively). Oysters cultured by the suspension method on the convex surface had a survival of 47.45% and that of the concave surface was 46.73% in July 2018, whereas oysters grown on the bottom showed 100% mortality. Oyster growth and survival showed a significant relationship with dissolved oxygen (p = 0.004; 0.039) and salinity (p = 0.027; 0.012), respectively. Based on the findings, the suspension culture method is recommended over the bottom approach.
Protein Flexibility and Dissociation Pathway Differentiation Can Explain Onset of Resistance Mutations in Kinases**
Authors: Shekhar Mrinal , Smith Zachary , Seeliger Markus A. , Tiwary Pratyush 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how mutations render a drug ineffective is a problem of immense relevance. Often the mechanism through which mutations cause drug resistance can be explained purely through thermodynamics. However, the more perplexing situation is when two proteins have the same drug binding affinities but different residence times. In this work, we demonstrate how all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations using recent developments grounded in statistical mechanics can provide a detailed mechanistic rationale for such variances. We discover dissociation mechanisms for the anti‐cancer drug Imatinib (Gleevec) against wild‐type and the N368S mutant of Abl kinase. We show how this point mutation triggers far‐reaching changes in the protein's flexibility and leads to a different, much faster, drug dissociation pathway. We believe that this work marks an efficient and scalable approach to obtain mechanistic insight into resistance mutations in biomolecular receptors that are hard to explain using a structural perspective.
Harnessing Natural Products by a Pharmacophore‐Oriented Semisynthesis Approach for the Discovery of Potential Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Agents
Authors: Zhou Yuan‐Fei , Yan Bing‐Chao , Yang Qian , Long Xin‐Yan , Zhang Dan‐Qi , Luo Rong‐Hua , Wang Han‐Yu , Sun Han‐Dong , Xue Xiao‐Song , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Puno Pema‐Tenzin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural products possessing unique scaffolds may have antiviral activity but their complex structures hinder facile synthesis. A pharmacophore‐oriented semisynthesis approach was applied to (−)‐maoelactone A (1) and oridonin (2) for the discovery of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents. The Wolff rearrangement/lactonization cascade (WRLC) reaction was developed to construct the unprecedented maoelactone‐type scaffold during semisynthesis of 1. Further mechanistic study suggested a concerted mechanism for Wolff rearrangement and a water‐assisted stepwise process for lactonization. The WRLC reaction then enabled the creation of a novel family by assembly of the maoelactone‐type scaffold and the pharmacophore of 2, whereby one derivative inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in HPA EpiC cells with a low EC50 value (19±1 nM) and a high TI value (>1000), both values better than those of remdesivir.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Epoxidation and Acidic Epoxide Opening of Antibacterial and Antiplasmodial Chlorotonils Yield Highly Potent Derivatives
Authors: Hofer Walter , Oueis Emilia , Fayad Antoine Abou , Deschner Felix , Andreas Anastasia , de Carvalho Laìs Pessanha , Hüttel Stephan , Bernecker Steffen , Pätzold Linda , Morgenstern Bernd , Zaburannyi Nestor , Bischoff Markus , Stadler Marc , Held Jana , Herrmann Jennifer , Müller Rolf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to public health. The natural product chlorotonil was identified as a new antibiotic targeting multidrug resistant Gram‐positive pathogens and Plasmodium falciparum. Although chlorotonil shows promising activities, the scaffold is highly lipophilic and displays potential biological instabilities. Therefore, we strived towards improving its pharmaceutical properties by semisynthesis. We demonstrated stereoselective epoxidation of chlorotonils and epoxide ring opening in moderate to good yields providing derivatives with significantly enhanced solubility. Furthermore, in vivo stability of the derivatives was improved while retaining their nanomolar activity against critical human pathogens (e.g. methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and P. falciparum). Intriguingly, we showed further superb activity for the frontrunner molecule in a mouse model of S. aureus infection.
High Performance, Stoichiometric ZnSnP2 Anode for Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Battery with Concomitant Conversion from Chalcopyrite to Sphalerite Phase
Authors: Patel Shubham , Sampath Srinivasan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we report chalcopyrite phase of zinc tin phosphide (ZnSnP2) as an anode for high rate, rechargeable, lithium‐ion battery. In‐situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the conversion of chalcopyrite phase of ZnSnP2 to a symmetric sphalerite phase upon cycling, which helps in achieving stable and reversible capacity at high discharge rates. This is due to the low bandgap and high conductivity of the sphalerite phase. The in‐situ phase conversion is extremely important as it is difficult to synthesize bulk ZnSnP2 sphalerite phase by the known methods till date. After full phase conversion, a reversible capacity of 750 mAh g−1 is obtained towards the end of 1700 cycles at a rate of 5 A g−1. Full cell assembled using LiCoO2 as the cathode material yields a stable performance with a discharge capacity of around 500 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and the rate capability studies demonstrate reversible capacities up to 15 A g−1 current.
Optical coherence tomography assessment of acute thrombogenicity at bifurcation sites using different stenting techniques: A porcine arteriovenous shunt study
Authors: Dan Kazuhiro , Bhogal Sukhdeep , Kuku Kayode O. , Melaku Gebremedhin D. , Devineni Aditya , Hellinga David , Waksman Ron , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to compare bare‐metal stents (BMS), durable‐polymer everolimus‐eluting stents (DP‐EES), and abluminal biodegradable‐polymer sirolimus‐eluting stents (ABP‐SES) in the bifurcation model setup.BackgroundThe mechanism of thrombogenicity, which differs among second‐generation stents implanted using double‐kissing (DK) crush or culotte stenting techniques, remains unclear. We have shown previously that setting up a porcine arteriovenous shunt model is feasible and useful to assess thrombogenicity at vessel bifurcation points.MethodsSix porcine shunt models were prepared for the comparison between DK crush and culotte stenting techniques using BMS, DP‐EES, and ABP‐SES. Intracoronary imaging with high‐resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to evaluate the thrombogenicity in different stent types in the bifurcation stenting model and was evaluated by a core lab.ResultsCulotte stenting demonstrated more thrombogenicity at the proximal main branch (MB) with DP‐EES, side branch (SB) with BMS, and the bifurcation site irrespective of the stent type, while DK crush technique exhibited thrombogenicity only at SB with BMS and ABP‐SES. OCT analysis revealed malapposition of DP‐EES in the proximal MB with culotte stenting. Stent expansion was generally larger in ABP‐SES than BMS and DP‐EES.ConclusionsThe study provides hypothesis‐generating findings in distinct thrombogenicity of bifurcation stenting with DP‐ or ABP‐coated drug‐eluting stents.
TAVR and stroke: A common evolution
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Key Points
Periprocedural cerebrovascular events (CVE) after transcatheter aortic‐valve replacement (TAVR) are infrequent (but not rare) and fearsome complications.
Stroke rates after TAVR remain below 4% in recent literature, but data on predictors of peri‐procedural CVE occurrence is generally controversial and inconsistent.
The incidence of peri‐procedural stroke seems to be lower in patients treated with TAVR rather than surgical aortic valve replacement, especially among those patients with low‐surgical risk.
White Light Generating Molecular Materials: Correlation Between the Amorphous/Crystalline Structure and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Haust Johannes , Belz Jürgen , Müller Marius , Danilo Klee Benjamin , Link Vasco Jonathan , Hüppe Franziska , Rojas Léon Irán , Christmann Jan , Beyer Andreas , Dehnen Stefanie , Rosemann Nils W. , Pilgrim Wolf‐Christian , Chatterjee Sangam , Volz Kerstin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmorphous materials are an integral part of today's technology‐they commonly are performant and versatile in integration. Consequently, future applications increasingly aim to harvest the potential of the amorphous state. Establishing its structure‐property relationship, however, is inherently challenging using diffraction‐based techniques yet is extremely desirable for developing advanced functionalities. In this article, we introduce a set of transmission electron microscopy‐based techniques to locally quantify the structure of a material. This unique approach allows to clearly identify the spatial distribution of amorphous and crystalline regions and to quantify atomic arrangements of amorphous regions of a representative model system. We study an ensemble of well‐defined, functionalized adamantane‐type cluster molecules exhibiting exceptionally promising nonlinear optical properties of unclear origin. The nanoscopic structure for three model compounds ([(PhSn)4S6], [(NpSn)4S6], [(CpSn)4S6]) correlates with their characteristic optical responses. These results highlight the advantageous properties of amorphous molecular materials when understanding the microscopic origin.
A Toolbox of Fluorescent Peptide Biosensors to Highlight Protein Kinases in Complex Samples: Focus on Cyclin‐Dependent Kinases
Authors: Morris May C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevelopment of sensitive and selective strategies for detection of disease biomarkers constitutes a major challenge for diagnostics and companion assays. New strategies are required to advance personalized and point‐of‐care medicine. Protein kinases (PK) are hyperactivated in many human cancers, therefore constituting relevant biomarkers and attractive pharmacological targets.Yet quantification of PK expression levels alone does not convey an accurate readout of their activity, since PKs are subject to numerous interactions and post‐translational regulations. Hence technologies that report on PK function are essential for complete appreciation of their behaviour and dysregulation in physio‐pathological settings. This Review focuses on fluorescent peptide biosensors designed to report on PK activities, and in particular on a toolbox of biosensors tailored to monitor cyclin‐dependent kinases. These selective optical probes offer a straightforward means of quantifying differences in kinase activities between healthy and cancer cells, and can report on alterations in response to therapeutics in vitro, in living cells and in vivo.