bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Propagation of Statice as an Aid to Breeding
Authors: Harazy Ada , Leshem B. , Cohen A. , Rabinowitch H. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot proliferation in vitro of statice (Limonium sinuatum L.) was achieved using axillary buds grown on Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium containing 2.7 mM (0.6 mg/liter) BA. Shoots were rooted on a medium consisting of half strength LS supplemented with 2.7 mM (0.5 mg/liter) NAA. A 5-fold increase was evident for each subculture. Successive subcultures did not seem to impair proliferation or rooting. No deterioration in either proliferation or rooting was evident following 2 months of low-temperature storage (2° to 4°C) in the dark. In vitro propagated plants could be transferred to the greenhouse with survival rates of more than 95%. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Abscisic Acid Effects on Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Geranium Cuttings
Authors: Arteca Richard N. , Tsai De-Sheng , Schlagnhaufer Carl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of root applications of abscisic acid (ABA) on photosynthesis and transpiration in geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum ‘Glacier Crimson’ Syn. Bruni) cuttings was evaluated using an open infrared CO2 gas exchange system. At concentrations above 3.8 μM ABA there was a reduction in relative growth rate (RGR), transpiration, and photosynthesis 2 days following treatment. Three hours following treatment with 76 μM ABA there was a maximum decrease in both photosynthetic and transpiration rates. Plants which were treated with 76 μM ABA for 6 or 9 hr showed an inhibition in photosynthesis and transpiration 4 days followiing treatment; however, after 6 days there was no difference between treated and control plants. The reduction in transpiration and photosynthesis reported in this paper may have practical value in the shipment and storage of geranium cuttings.
An Economic Evaluation of Hexazinone Use for Weed Control in Lowbush Blueberry Production
Authors: Hanchar John J. , Skinner Steven P. , Yarborough David E. , Ismail Amr A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The economic feasibility of using hexazinone for weed control in lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) was determined by using the partial budgeting technique. Four rates of hexazinone were evaluated to determine the effect on net income in a blueberry enterprise. Response function analysis also was utilized to ascertain the hexazinone level that would maximize blueberry yield and profitability. Partial budget analysis indicated that hexazinone use at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 kg/ha was expected to increase net income, indicating its use was economically feasible. Hexazinone use at 9 kg/ha was judged to be economically infeasible, since it decreased net income. Response function analysis revealed that 2.3 kg/ha of hexazinone maximized profits. Chemical names used: 3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-tria-zine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (hexazione).
The Relationship of Sod Proximity to the Growth and Nutrient Composition of Newly Planted Peach Trees
Authors: Welker W. V. , Glenn D. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vegetation-free squares, ranging in size from 0.6 m to 3.6 m/side, were established around young peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees planted in a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) sod. Tree growth increased as the size of the vegetation-free area increased. Tree growth was found to be closely related to leaf Ν levels. Low levels of leaf nutrients developed from both increased proximity of sod, reducing tree growth in the smallest squares (leaf Cu < 7 ppm), and rapid tree growth, exceeding the soil’s capacity to supply Mg (leaf Mg < 0.40%) when proximity was reduced in the largest squares.
In Ovulo Embryo Culture of Early-maturing Prunus
Authors: Ramming David W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Embryos of plum, peach, and nectarine (less than 1 mm long) enlarged during in ovulo embryo culture. Optimum culture conditions for Prunus embryo enlargement consisted of Stewart and Hsu support system and medium with 6% sucrose at 27°C. ‘Blackamber’ plum embryos subsequently cultured on a Smith et al. medium and stratified at 1° for 1 month produced plants. This provides an easy method to culture small embryos from very early-maturing Prunus genotypes, and allows their use in breeding programs for the improvement of early-maturing genotypes.
Relationship of Leaf Elemental Concentrations and Yield to Cold Damage of ‘Western’ Pecan
Authors: Smith Michael W. , Cotten Brenda C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the winter of 1983-84, 2 periods of below normal temperatures caused severe damage to ‘Western’ pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Leaf elemental concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn, and yield/tree, measured during 1983, were evaluated to determine their relationship to damage. The only factors significantly related to the amount of cold damage were N, P, and yield/tree. Leaf N2 and leaf P2 were inversely related, whereas yield was positively related to cold damage.
A Nondestructive Method for Continuously Monitoring Plant Growth
Authors: Schwartzkopf Steven H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the past, plant growth generally has been measured using destructive methods. This paper describes a nondestructive technique for continuously monitoring plant growth. The technique provides a means of directly and accurately measuring plant growth over both short and long time intervals. Application of this technique to the direct measurement of plant growth rates is illustrated using corn (Zea mays L.) as an example.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Alcohol Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Sweet Potato Roots
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Acock M. C. , Garner J. O. , Singletary C. C. , Salin M. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The roots of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), treated with 27, 94, and 161 kg/ha Ν were assayed for Ν and alcohol soluble carbohydrate (ASC) content. The hypothesis that Ν fertilization in the sweet potato affects storage root initiation by lowering soluble carbohydrate levels in the root was supported by the findings that (a) Ν content correlated negatively with ASC content, and (b) Ν treatments which lowered ASC content also delayed storage root initiation and reduced the number formed.
In Vitro Culture of Mugo Pine Needle Fascicles
Authors: Stiff Carol M. , Boe Arthur A. , Roberts Lorin W. , Stiff Charles T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many angiosperms have been micropro-pagated with shoot tip and meristem-tip culture techniques (11). In Pinus, both shoot tips and needle fascicles contain meristematic tissues (10, 13). Plantlets differentiated from apical meristems should exhibit the same phenotypic characteristics as the source plant.
Analysis of Percentage and Rating Scale Data
Authors: Little Thomas M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To many people, the subject of percentages is fraught with mystery, confusion, and paradox. A bank advertises that its interest rate on savings accounts is 10% higher than other banks in town which pay only 5%. Some investors are disappointed to learn that this new rate is not 15% but 5.5%. A farmer had a bad season and his potato yield decreased by 50% less than the year before. He figured that if he could increase his yield the next year by 50% he’d be back where he started. Was he right?
Ammonium and Nitrate Retention by a Hydrophilic Gel
Authors: Henderson Janet C. , Hensley David L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine if ammonium or nitrate were retained by a starch-polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel. Silicia sand was amended with 0, 2, 3, and 4 kg/m3 hydrophilic gel. Ammonium nitrate solution was applied to dry and distilled water-saturated amended sand in pots. The amended medium was washed with distilled water, leachate was collected, and ammonium and nitrate contents were determined. More ammonium was retained by all concentrations of hydrophilic gel-amended sand than in sand alone, especially in media not saturated prior to application. Nitrate was not retained in large amounts by any medium.
Establishment of Native Vaccinium Species on a Mineral Soil
Authors: Gupton C. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of an absorbent starch-acrylate polymer (ASAP) to bare-rooted plants of 4 Vaccinium genotypes did not affect plant height, vigor, or chlorosis, but it increased plant mortality significantly. About 25% of all plants treated with ASAP either alone or in combination with peat died during the first year after transplanting. Surviving plants grew at about the same rate as those from other treatments during the 2nd year. A V. ashei (Reade) collection from Mississippi showed least response to soil amendments. Untreated plants of this collection grew well during the 2nd growing season and compared favorably in size with ‘Tifblue’ grown in plots with peat added.
Freeze-preservation of Apices Isolated from Small Heads of Brussels Sprouts
Authors: Harada T. , Inaba A. , Yakuwa T. , Tamura T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apices (1- to 2-mm in length) isolated from small heads of Brassica oleracea L. Group Gemmifera Zenk were frozen for preservation. At −30°C, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 1.5 m was the most effective cryoprotectant, and the higher concentration (1.5 m) was more effective than the lower concentration (0.5 m) for each cryoprotectant (dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, glycerol). Prefreezing to −30° or −40° at 0.5°/min made it possible for apices to survive freezing to −196°.
Seismic Stress Effects on Reproductive Structures of Tomato, Potato, and Marigold
Authors: Akers Stuart W. , Mitchell Cary A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Periodic seismic (shaking) stress influenced the growth of sexual and asexual reproductive structures of three cultivated species. It delayed anthesis of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Patio’ but not of Tagetes erecta L. ‘Jubilee’ or Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Kennebec’. Shaken ‘Jubliee’ marigold plants produced the same number of flowers as undisturbed plants, but flowers of shaken plants were smaller. In contrast, seismicstressed ‘Patio’ tomato produced fewer buds and flowers, but fruit set was enhanced relative to that of controls. Seismic stress also reduced tuber weight of ‘Kennebec’ potato, whereas tuber number was unaffected. The overall effect of seismic stress was to reduce the growth of reproductive structures and, in some cases, the number of reproductive structures that developed.
Water Uptake and Root Distribution by Corn and Tomato at Different Depths
Authors: Tan C. S. , Fulton J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root systems were studied to determine if differences in utilization of soil moisture were associated with the extent and number of roots produced by corn and tomato. Growth room studies for both crops indicated that the reduction in transpiration when the upper portion of the root zone was dry was greater than when the lower portion was dry. Total root length of corn was about twice that of tomato roots. However, no direct relationship between the total amount of root length and transpiration was found. Roots of corn and tomato in the field extended beyond the maximum depth measured (100 cm) between 42 – 46 days after establishment. The spatial density of corn roots was much greater than that of tomato roots, especially as depths increased. This difference possibly explains the use of stored soil moisture by corn. On the other hand, the capacity of tomatoes to extract large amounts of water from the soil cannot be explained by the density and rooting depth. Perhaps this capacity is due to total root surface area differences or high absorption capacity of tomato root system.
Economic Value of Home Vegetable Gardens in an Urban Desert Environment
Authors: Cleveland David A. , Orum Thomas V. , Ferguson Nancy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two home vegetable gardens (77.4 and 58.3 m2) in Tucson, Ariz., yielded an average of 1.24 and 2.31 kg/m2 of produce per year over 3 and 2.5 years, respectively. Average net returns were $109 and $123 per year, $0.72 and $1.11 per hour, or $8.80 and $7.75 per dollar of water used. Thus, in the southwest desert, a weekly investment of 2-to-3 hours in a home garden can provide savings.
Response of Pepper and Muskmelon to Row Solarization
Authors: Hartz T. K. , Bogle C. R. , Villalon B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of soil solarization (solar heating of soil using clear plastic during a summer fallow period) on consecutive cropping of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) was investigated. Raised beds were mulched with 40 µm clear polyethylene film in July, irrigated, and left undisturbed for one month. The plastic then was either removed or pigmented and left in place as a mulch. Solarization increased marketable yield of fall-grown bell pepper 20% when compared to conventional, nonsolarized culture. Where the solarizing plastic was pigmented and left in place as a mulch, pepper yield was 53% higher than in nonsolarized plots. There was a significant residual solarization effect on marketable yield of muskmelon grown the following spring. Increased pepper and melon yields were attributable to increased fruit number rather than fruit weight. Solarization did not influence earliness.
Nitrogen Loss and Plant Responses of Ficus benjamina to Different Fertilizer Sources Applied Preplant
Authors: Wiedenfeld R. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six fertilizers providing N in different forms were incorporated preplant at rates of 400, 800, and 1200 mg N/liter of pot volume for production of Ficus benjamina (L.) plants. Inorganic N status of the media was determined biweekly, and total plant dry weight and N content were determined at the conclusion of the study. Length of time until inorganic N levels in the media dropped below a selected 0.12% level ranged from 94 days for the nitrate-N source to greater than 182 days for the resin coated-N fertilizer. Increases in the rate of N applied of 100%, from 400 to 800 mg N/liter, and of 50%, from 800 to 1200 mg N liter, resulted in increases of 47% and 25%, respectively, in the length of time media N levels remained above the critical level. All N sources produced plants of similar dry weight, whereas only the nitrate-N material gave a lower plant N content than the other fertilizers. Increasing N rate increased plant N content but decreased plant dry weight.
Dikegulac Alters Growth and Flowering of Kalanchoe
Authors: Nightingale A. E. , Cross Susan E. , Longnecker M. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of 750, 1500, and 2250 ppm dikegulac-sodium [sodium 2,3:4,6-di-0-isopropyl-idene-2-keto-L-gulonate] generally decreased plant height, increased number of inflorescences, and improved the marketable quality of Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe × spp.). There were marked cultivar differences in response.
Low-volume Sprays of BA and Promalin Increase Branching in Apple Trees
Authors: Miller Stephen S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low volume (concentrate) sprays to 7.5X (375 liters/ha) of BA applied at fixed rates (137 and 228 g/ha) with airblast equipment were as effective as full dilute applications (2800 liters/ha) for inducing branch development on young apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. Sprays of BA or BA + gibberellin A4+7 (Promalin) applied in a spray solution based on tree-row-volume increased branching significantly at IX but failed to produce a response when applied as a concentrate spray at a fixed chemical rate. Cultivars responded similarly to changes in spray volume.
Self and Cross Compatibility in Tetraploid Blackberry Cultivars
Authors: Perry Julia L. , Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
No differences in percentage fruit set resulted from self or cross pollination in 8 tetraploid cultivars of erect blackberry (Rubus subgenus Eubatus), but 2 selections with diploid ancestry showed decreased fruit set from self-pollination. In some cultivars, self-pollination resulted in reduced fruit size and generally resulted in decreased seed number per fruit. Fluorescence microscopy showed no differences in rate or extent of pollen tube growth from self or cross pollen within blackberry styles. Caging experiments indicated that blackberries are not dependent on insects for pollination, but wind dispersal of pollen is important in securing uniform fruit set.
Variation in the Respiration of Harvested Pecans due to Genotype and Kernel Moisture Level
Authors: Beaudry Randy M. , Payne Jerry A. , Kays Stanley J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The respiratory rates of nuts of 19 pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] genotypes were determined with and without shells; at harvest moisture and at 3% kernel moisture. Shell respiration also was determined. Respiratory rates of kernels and intact nuts varied logarithmically with moisture content of the kernel. Respiratory rates of kernels at harvest ranged from 26.9 to 0.3 mg CO2kg-1hr-1; after drying to 3% moisture, values declined, ranging from 0.21 to 0.06 mg CO2kg-1hr-1. Respiration also was genotype dependent and was influenced by shell presence. The respiration rate of unshelled nuts was greater than shelled kernels when the moisture level was high, but lower when the kernel moisture level was low. Shell material was found to respire to a limited extent.
Aseptic Multiplication of Banana from Excised Floral Apices
Authors: Cronauer Sandra S. , Krikorian A. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most economically important bananas and plantains are large triploid seedless herbs that must be propagated vegetatively by removing small side shoots or “suckers” from the parent plant or by planting seed pieces of larger corms. Consequently, multiplication of stock material is time consuming. Recently, the rapid production of young banana plantlets suitable for use as “seed” material has been described (1, 3). Vegetative shoot apices were isolated and multiplied using aseptic tissue culture techniques. Although these multiplication systems, once established, can produce thousands of plants in a relatively short period of time, their establishment necessitates the initial sacrifice of an individual specimen, which may not always be desirable or prudent should a limited parent stock be available. We describe here the production and multiplication of rooted banana plantlets from the isolation and culture of terminal floral apices.
‘Nesbitt’ Muscadine Grape
Authors: Goldy R. G. , Nesbitt W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Nesbitt’ is a black-fruited muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) released by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. ‘Nesbitt’ is named in memory of the late Dr. William B. Nesbitt, who was instrumental in muscadine grape improvement.
Row Covers: A Changing Landscape
Authors: Wells Otho S , Loy J. Brent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
“The French market gardens in the environs of Paris and other large cities are very curious-looking places.” Thus was the report in McCall's magazine in July of 1909 (1) in reference to the burgeon of bell glasses (cloches) used for winter and spring production of vegetables. Perhaps the gardening scenery around Paris was the fulfillment of the words of a classic English gardener, Mrs. Loudon, who in 1869 stated, “The cloche is quite unknown to the majority of amateurs, but nothing ever introduced to their notice will prove of greater or more varied utility” (4). By 1910, McKay (5) had placed the number of bell glasses in Paris at 2,160,000. Hence, the bell glass/cloche is the forerunner of the row cover/tunnel which is so prevalent in Europe and Japan today and which is becoming more popular in the United States.
Rapid Multiplication of Veronica ‘Red Fox’ Propagated in Vitro
Authors: Stapfer R. E. , Heuser C. W. , Deneke C. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips from in vitro cultures of Veronica spicata L. ‘Red Fox’ were grown on modified Woody Plant Medium containing one of 3 cytokinins or cytokinin plus NAA. Of the 3 cytokinins tested (BA, kinetin, and 2iP), BA was the most effective stimulator of axillary shoot growth. The greatest number of shoots greater than or equal to 5 mm in length was produced on medium containing 8 μM BA plus 0.01 μM NAA, whereas medium containing 2 μM BA plus 0.01 μM NAA produced the greatest number of shoots greater than or equal to 10 mm. Shoots were rooted and established at an 80% rate in a soilless medium under high humidity. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP); N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Effect of Tillage on the Crop-water Production Function of Sweet Corn in Western Oregon
Authors: Petersen Kerry L. , Mack Harry J. , Cuenca Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Jubilee’ sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was grown under conventional tillage, strip tillage, and no-till methods in 1983 with 5 irrigation levels imposed on each tillage treatment. The crop-water production functions for evapotranspiration vs. yield were different in scale but similar in slope for the 3 tillage treatments. At each level of seasonal applied water, the conventional tillage produced significantly higher yields of husked sweet corn than did strip tillage, and strip tillage yields were significantly higher than those of no-till.
Partitioning of [14C]-photosynthate in Fruiting and Deblossomed Day-neutral Strawberry Plants
Authors: Schaffer Bruce , Barden John A. , Williams Jerry M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Deblossomed ‘Tribute’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants had increased [14C]-photosynthates in untreated leaves 48 hr after treatment with 14CO2. The summed quantity of radioactivity in the untreated leaves and fruit of fruiting plants approximated that in the untreated leaves of deblossomed plants. There was no effect of deblossoming on the amount of 14C in the crown or roots. Autoradiographs showed that the majority of 14C was in the expanding leaves. Therefore, increased leaf production rates, which often result from deblossoming strawberry plants, may be attributed to an increase in photosynthates partitioned to the expanding leaves.
Differences in Spring Floral Bud Development among Sour Cherry Cultivars
Authors: Iezzoni A. F. , Hamilton R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spring floral bud development of 18 sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars and 1 numbered selection were examined to identify late blooming cultivars. ‘Cerise Magnifique de Sceaux’ and ‘Meteor’ reached 50% full bloom 2–4 days later, and ‘Fructbare von Michurin’ 6–9 days later than ‘Montmorency’ in both 1983 and 1984.
Sulfur Dioxide for Long-term Low Temperature Storage of Euvitis Hybrid Bunch Grapes
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Maness E. P. , Nesbitt W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eight lines (2 cultivars and 6 selections) of Euvitis grapes in 1982 were stored for 4, 6, 7, and 8 weeks at 0° ± 0.5°C without sulfur dioxide (SO2) generators and for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks with SO2 generators in 5.7-liter telescoping, corrugated cardboard shipping containers with polyethylene liners. Grapes stored without SO2 were of poorer appearance after 4 weeks than those stored with SO2 after 8 weeks. After 16 weeks of storage with SO2, 4 of the 8 lines still had appearance ratings similar to those before storage. Overall, good flavor was maintained over 7 weeks without SO2 and over 12 weeks with SO2. During 8 weeks of storage without SO2, 6 of the 8 lines developed 23% to 60% decay. In contrast, 6 of the 8 lines stored with SO2 for 16 weeks developed 3% or less decay. SO2 injury (percentage by number) ranged from 0% to 59% but was judged to be objectionable in flavor or appearance in only 2 instances. All lines stored well for 12 weeks with SO2. Of the 8 lines, ‘Suffolk Red’ was judged to be outstanding. After 20 weeks of storage with SO2, ratings of its appearance and flavor were equal to those before storage; decay was only 3.5%.