bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of manufacturing defects on compressive deformation of 3D-printed polymeric lattices
Authors: Amirpour Maedeh , Battley Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper studies theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies on static compression behaviour of polyamide 12 body-centred cube (BCC) lattices manufactured using the selective laser sintering (SLS) method. In the analytical formulation, the influence of imperfections that happened during 3D printing such as material overlapping in the vicinity of filament joints is considered to provide predictions of mechanical properties of a macro lattice structure. Finite element (FE) models of the BCC lattices are performed to predict the compressive behaviour and deformation localisation of filaments. In order to determine a material model and input parameters for FE simulation of the lattice cubes, an individual 3D-printed filament is subjected to transverse compressive loading utilising a custom-made filament compression rig. Then, true experimental stress and strain data are generated that are imported into an inverse calibration technique using MCalibration software to determine the material parameters for the FE simulation. A series of BCC lattice cubes were printed using the SLS method. Compression experiments were conducted utilising digital image correlation (DIC) techniques in order to determine localisation of deformations and strains and validate the material properties obtained by the analytical modelling and numerical simulations. Good agreements are observed among the analytical, numerical, and experimental results. The results show that effect of filament defects should be taken into account to find the accurate responses in analytical model and FE simulation.
Discrete-to-Continuum Convergence of Charged Particles in 1D with Annihilation
Authors: van Meurs Patrick , Peletier Mark A. , Požár Norbert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider a system of charged particles moving on the real line driven by electrostatic interactions. Since we consider charges of both signs, collisions might occur in finite time. Upon collision, some of the colliding particles are effectively removed from the system (annihilation). The two applications we have in mind are vortices and dislocations in metals. In this paper we achieve two goals. First, we develop a rigorous solution concept for the interacting particle system with annihilation. The main innovation here is to provide a careful management of the annihilation of groups of more than two particles, and we show that the definition is consistent by proving existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence on initial data. The proof relies on a detailed analysis of ODE trajectories close to collision, and a reparametrization of vectors in terms of the moments of their elements. Second, we pass to the many-particle limit (discrete-to-continuum), and recover the expected limiting equation for the particle density. Due to the singular interactions and the annihilation rule, standard proof techniques of discrete-to-continuum limits do not apply. In particular, the framework of measures seems unfit. Instead, we use the one-dimensional feature that both the particle system and the limiting PDE can be characterized in terms of Hamilton–Jacobi equations. While our proof follows a standard limit procedure for such equations, the novelty with respect to existing results lies in allowing for stronger singularities in the particle system by exploiting the freedom of choice in the definition of viscosity solutions.
On p-Brunn–Minkowski inequalities for intrinsic volumes, with $$0\le p<1$$
Authors: Bianchini Chiara , Colesanti Andrea , Pagnini Daniele , Roncoroni Alberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe prove the validity of the p-Brunn–Minkowski inequality for the intrinsic volume $$V_k$$

V
k

, $$k=2,\dots , n-1$$

k
=
2
,
⋯
,
n
-
1

, of symmetric convex bodies in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

R

n

, in a neighbourhood of the unit ball when one of the bodies is the unit ball, for $$0\le p<1$$

0
≤
p
<
1

. We also prove that this inequality does not hold true on the entire class of convex bodies of $${{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

R

n

, when p is sufficiently close to 0.
Conformal Field Theory at the Lattice Level: Discrete Complex Analysis and Virasoro Structure
Authors: Hongler Clément , Kytölä Kalle , Viklund Fredrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCritical statistical mechanics and Conformal Field Theory (CFT) are conjecturally connected since the seminal work of Beliavin et al. (Nucl Phys B 241(2):333–380, 1984). Both exhibit exactly solvable structures in two dimensions. A long-standing question (Itoyama and Thacker in Phys Rev Lett 58:1395–1398, 1987) concerns whether there is a direct link between these structures, that is, whether the Virasoro algebra representations of CFT, the distinctive feature of CFT in two dimensions, can be found within lattice models of statistical mechanics. We give a positive answer to this question for the discrete Gaussian free field and for the Ising model, by connecting the structures of discrete complex analysis in the lattice models with the Virasoro symmetry that is expected to describe their scaling limits. This allows for a tight connection of a number of objects from the lattice model world and the field theory one. In particular, our results link the CFT local fields with lattice local fields introduced in Gheissari et al. (Commun Math Phys 367(3):771–833, 2019) and the probabilistic formulation of the lattice model with the continuum correlation functions. Our construction is a decisive step towards establishing the conjectured correspondence between the correlation functions of the CFT fields and those of the lattice local fields. In particular, together with the upcoming (Chelkak et al. in preparation), our construction will complete the picture initiated in Hongler and Smirnov (Acta Math 211:191–225, 2013), Hongler (Conformal invariance of ising model correlations, 2012) and Chelkak et al. (Annals Math 181(3):1087–1138, 2015), where a number of conjectures relating specific Ising lattice fields and CFT correlations were proven.
Safety and efficacy of RFA versus MWA for T1a renal cell carcinoma: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Aarts Brigit M. , Gomez Fernando M. , Lopez-Yurda Marta , Bevers Rob F. M. , Herndriks Joris , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Bex Axel , Klompenhouwer Elisabeth G. , van der Meer Rutger W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is stated as a treatment option for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) smaller than 4 cm (T1a). Microwave ablation (MWA) is a newer technique and is still considered experimental in some guidelines. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of RFA and MWA for the treatment of RCC.

Methods
Patients with T1a RCC treated by RFA or MWA in two referral centers were retrospectively analyzed. Patient records were evaluated to generate mRENAL nephrometry scores. Local tumor progression (LTP) was considered when new (recurrence) or residual tumor enhancement within/adjacent to the ablation zone was objectified. Differences in LTP-free interval (residual + recurrence) between ablation techniques were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score (PS) methods.

Results
In 164 patients, 87 RFAs and 101 MWAs were performed for 188 RCCs. The primary efficacy rate was 92% (80/87) for RFA and 91% (92/101) for MWA. Sixteen patients had residual disease (RFA (n = 7), MWA (n = 9)) and 9 patients developed recurrence (RFA (n = 7), MWA (n = 2)). LTP-free interval was significantly worse for higher mRENAL nephrometry scores. No difference in LTP-free interval was found between RFA and MWA in a model with inverse probability weighting using PS (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.35–2.81, p = 0.98) and in a PS-matched dataset with 110 observations (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.16–4.31, p = 0.82). Twenty-eight (14.9%) complications (Clavien-Dindo grade I–IVa) occurred (RFA n = 14, MWA n = 14).

Conclusion
Primary efficacy for ablation of RCC is high for both RFA and MWA. No differences in efficacy and safety were observed between RFA and MWA.

Key Points
• Both RFA and MWA are safe and effective ablation techniques in the treatment of T1a renal cell carcinomas.
• High modified RENAL nephrometry scores are associated with shorter local tumor progression-free interval.
• MWA can be used as heat-based ablation technique comparable to RFA for the treatment of T1a renal cell carcinomas.
Microcracking pattern in fractured bones: new approach for distinguishing between peri- and postmortem fractures
Authors: Winter-Buchwalder Michelle , Schwab Nathalie , Galtés Ignasi , Ortega-Sánchez Marisa , Scheirs Sarah , Jordana Xavier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Timing bone fractures is one of the main tasks of a forensic anthropologist, but still an uncertain diagnostic. In the literature, there are many macroscopic methods to distinguish perimortem from postmortem fractures, based on the distinct structural and mechanical properties of fresh and dry bones. However, this differentiation is still challenging, in particular when the bones are fragmented or still exhibit fresh properties. Although histologic analysis is often used as a complementary diagnostic tool in forensic pathology, its application in the evaluation of bone fractures is uncommon. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fractures of fresh bones reveal a distinct microcracking pattern compared to fractures of dry bones, in order to optimise the fracture timing. To this purpose, we histologically analysed perimortem and postmortem fractures in human humeri. The fresh bones were retrieved from traumatic autopsy cases, and the dry bones from donors which were experimentally fractured. Our results showed that the highest density and length of microcracks (MCKs) were found in the interstitial area of dry fractured bones, which may be considered a marker of postmortem damage. In fresh fractured bones, we generally observed a lower density of MCKs, but a higher proportion of osteonal MCKs, which may be considered a marker of perimortem trauma. In summary, the results of our exploratory study suggest that changes in intrinsic bone factors (mineral/organic components) result in a different microcracking pattern that can be used in fracture timing.
Managing host-parasite interactions in humans and wildlife in times of global change
Authors: Wells Konstans , Flynn Robin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global change in the Anthropocene has modified the environment of almost any species on earth, be it through climate change, habitat modifications, pollution, human intervention in the form of mass drug administration (MDA), or vaccination. This can have far-reaching consequences on all organisational levels of life, including eco-physiological stress at the cell and organism level, individual fitness and behaviour, population viability, species interactions and biodiversity. Host-parasite interactions often require highly adapted strategies by the parasite to survive and reproduce within the host environment and ensure efficient transmission among hosts. Yet, our understanding of the system-level outcomes of the intricate interplay of within host survival and among host parasite spread is in its infancy. We shed light on how global change affects host-parasite interactions at different organisational levels and address challenges and opportunities to work towards better-informed management of parasite control. We argue that global change affects host-parasite interactions in wildlife inhabiting natural environments rather differently than in humans and invasive species that benefit from anthropogenic environments as habitat and more deliberate rather than erratic exposure to therapeutic drugs and other control efforts.
Medication adherence with denosumab in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors treated in routine clinical settings: a retrospective study
Authors: Diel Ingo J. , Greil Richard , Janssen Jan , Kluike Christian W. , Behera Bagmeet , Abbasi Ali , Seesaghur Anouchka , Kellner Michael , Jaeger Christine , Bjorklof Katja , Tomova Antoaneta , Haslbauer Ferdinand 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To describe (non)adherence with denosumab among patients with solid tumors and bone metastases.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study pooled data from two completed prospective, multicenter cohort studies (X-TREME; Study 240) in adult patients with bone metastases from primary breast, prostate, lung, kidney, or other solid cancer types and administered denosumab 120 mg in routine clinical practice in Germany and Central and Eastern Europe. The studies were conducted between May 2012 and May 2017; pooled analysis was completed in August 2021. Medication adherence was described according to a three-component consensus taxonomy: initiation (first-ever administration ≤ 90 days from bone metastasis diagnosis), implementation (actual vs prescribed dosing; optimal implementation = regular/consistent dosing), and persistence (≤ 60-day gap between administrations at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Descriptive analyses were conducted for each cancer type.

Results
The analysis included 1748 patients with solid tumors and bone metastases. Adherence with denosumab was generally high across the initiation, implementation, and persistence phases. Most patients experienced timely initiation (from 64.4% [kidney cancer] to 81.2% [breast cancer]) and optimal implementation (from 62.4% [lung cancer] to 72.5% [breast cancer]). The proportion of patients who were persistent with treatment at 6 months ranged from 41.4% (lung cancer) to 77.8% (prostate cancer).

Conclusions
This study revealed variations by cancer type in the initiation, implementation, and persistence of denosumab in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases in routine clinical practice. Further cancer-specific studies are warranted to examine the determinants of (non)adherence with denosumab, and potential ways to improve medication adherence.
Prevalence and correlates of joint pain among Chinese breast cancer survivors receiving aromatase inhibitor treatment
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Yu-Yan , Liu Xian-Liang , Molassiotis Alex , Yao Li-Qun , Zheng Si-Lin , Tan Jing-Yu , Huang Hou-Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced joint pain is a common toxicity of AI treatment. Although many studies have been conducted to examine the occurrence and severity of AI-induced joint pain in breast cancer survivors, none of the studies focused on the Chinese population with breast cancer. Given that the differences in cultural background and the genetic structure between Asians and Caucasians may contribute to different phenotypes of joint pain, this cross-sectional study was therefore conducted to examine the prevalence of AI-induced joint pain among Chinese breast cancer survivors receiving AI treatment and the correlates of pain.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China. Breast cancer survivors undergoing AI treatment were recruited to complete the following questionnaires: a self-designed baseline data form, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). Based on the assessment results of NMQ (if the participant indicated pain in specific body parts), participants were then invited to complete other questionnaires to specifically assess the joint symptoms, including the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), and the Manchester Foot Pain Disability Questionnaire (MFPDQ). Descriptive analysis was used to analyse participants’ baseline data and the prevalence of pain. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the correlates of pain.

Results
Four hundred and ten participants were analysed. According to the NMQ, 71.7% of the participants experienced joint symptoms in at least one joint, and the most frequently mentioned joint was knee (39.0%). The diagram in BPI indicated that 28.0% of the participants had the worst pain around knees. In patients with knee pain, the mean OKS score was 40.46 ± 6.19. The sub-scores of BPI for pain intensity and pain interference were 1.30 ± 1.63 and 1.24 ± 1.79, respectively. Patients’ poorer physical well-being/functioning, previous use of AI treatment, presence of osteoarthritis, and receiving of physiotherapy were identified as four common correlates of greater severity of pain and pain interference (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Chinese breast cancer survivors can experience joint pain at various locations, particularly knees. In addition to increasing the use of interventions for pain alleviation, a comprehensive assessment of survivors’ conditions such as physical functioning, history of AI treatment, and presence of osteoarthritis should be emphasized to identify survivors who need more attention and tailored interventions.
Bildgeführte Strahlentherapie in der Kopf-Hals-Onkologie
Authors: Balermpas Panagiotis 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die bildgeführte Radiotherapie („image-guided radiotherapy“, IGRT) ist heute ein Routineverfahren zur Sicherstellung der präzisen Bestrahlung von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren.

Material und Methoden
Wichtige Literatur zum Thema wurde zusammengefasst, übersichtlich präsentiert und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse
In den letzten Jahrzehnten entwickelte sich die Anwendung der IGRT neben der intensitätsmodulierten Radiotherapie zum weltweiten Standard in der Behandlung von Kopf-Hals-Malignomen. Die dosimetrischen Vorteile wurden häufiger auch in prospektiven Studien bestätigt. Dasselbe gilt für potenzielle klinische Vorteile, obwohl in dieser Hinsicht die Forschung noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Dabei gab es sowohl technische substanzielle Weiterentwicklungen, von der zweidimensionalen IGRT über die heutigen computertomographiebasierten 3‑D-volumetrischen Verfahren zur magnetresonanzbasierten Online-Bildgebung, als auch neue Anwendungsgebiete, wie die adaptive Radiotherapie.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die IGRT in der Behandlung von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren liefert heutzutage eine sichere und valide Möglichkeit, systematische und zufällige Fehler und Variationen zu identifizieren und zu beheben und damit durch Erhöhung der Qualität der Bestrahlungsapplikation die Behandlungsergebnisse hinsichtlich Toxizität und Tumorkontrolle zu verbessern.
Vaginales Mikrobiom und Frühgeburtlichkeit
Authors: Feigl Sarah , Fluhr Herbert 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Rate an Frühgeburten steigt weltweit an, ein bekannter Risikofaktor sind vaginale Infektionen.

Fragestellung
Welche Rolle spielen Infektionen als Ursache für Frühgeburtsbestrebungen? Wie ist das vaginale Mikrobiom in der Schwangerschaft zusammengesetzt und welche Bedeutung hat es in der Erkennung und Behandlung von Frühgeburtsbestrebungen.

Material und Methoden
Literaturrecherche in PubMed zu Infektion und Frühgeburten, frühem vorzeitigem Blasensprung und vaginalem Mikrobiom.

Ergebnisse
Die bakterielle Vaginose, eine Verminderung von Lactobacillus spp. und eine hohe Diversität von Bakterienstämmen im vaginalen Mikrobiom sind mit einem erhöhten Frühgeburtsrisiko assoziiert. Die antibiotische Therapie der bakteriellen Vaginose bei symptomatischen Schwangeren senkt das Frühgeburtsrisiko. Ein Screening asymptomatischer Schwangerer mit dem Ziel der Prävention von Frühgeburten ist derzeit nicht empfohlen. Das kindliche Mikrobiom und Immunsystem beginnt sich bereits in utero zu entwickeln, wobei Ernährung und Antibiotikaeinnahme während der Schwangerschaft eine wichtige Rolle spielen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Das vaginale Mikrobiom beeinflusst den Schwangerschaftsverlauf. Zwischen gesundem Mikrobiom und vaginaler Dysbiose kann klinisch nicht immer unterschieden werden. Mikrobiomanalysen leisten einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis pathologischer Veränderungen, jedoch gibt es aufgrund individueller Unterschiede keine allgemeine Definition des „gesunden Mikrobioms“.
A global taxonomy of interpretable AI: unifying the terminology for the technical and social sciences
Authors: Graziani Mara , Dutkiewicz Lidia , Calvaresi Davide , Amorim José Pereira , Yordanova Katerina , Vered Mor , Nair Rahul , Abreu Pedro Henriques , Blanke Tobias , Pulignano Valeria , Prior John O. , Lauwaert Lode , Reijers Wessel , Depeursinge Adrien , Andrearczyk Vincent , Müller Henning 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince its emergence in the 1960s, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown to conquer many technology products and their fields of application. Machine learning, as a major part of the current AI solutions, can learn from the data and through experience to reach high performance on various tasks. This growing success of AI algorithms has led to a need for interpretability to understand opaque models such as deep neural networks. Various requirements have been raised from different domains, together with numerous tools to debug, justify outcomes, and establish the safety, fairness and reliability of the models. This variety of tasks has led to inconsistencies in the terminology with, for instance, terms such as interpretable, explainable and transparent being often used interchangeably in methodology papers. These words, however, convey different meanings and are “weighted" differently across domains, for example in the technical and social sciences. In this paper, we propose an overarching terminology of interpretability of AI systems that can be referred to by the technical developers as much as by the social sciences community to pursue clarity and efficiency in the definition of regulations for ethical and reliable AI development. We show how our taxonomy and definition of interpretable AI differ from the ones in previous research and how they apply with high versatility to several domains and use cases, proposing a—highly needed—standard for the communication among interdisciplinary areas of AI.
What Does Heterosexuality Mean? Same-Sex Attraction, Behaviors, and Discomfort Among Self-identified Heterosexual Young Adults from Spain
Authors: Nebot-Garcia Juan E. , Giménez-García Cristina , García-Barba Marta , Gil-Llario María Dolores , Ballester-Arnal Rafael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSexuality has been censored by Spanish culture, where legal progress in the form of new policies about sexual diversity rights has not been followed by lower levels of social discrimination. This has affected sexual development across the lifespan for both sexual minorities and heterosexual people who experience their sexuality outside of heteronormativity. However, the literature has regularly excluded the possible consequences of the experience of sexuality within prescriptive categories, particularly in heterosexual people. This study delves deeper into the same-sex experiences of heterosexual women and men and the discomfort they may feel toward such experiences in Spain. A total of 2900 young Spanish people who self-identified as heterosexual completed a questionnaire on sexual diversity and experiences related to sexual orientation. The mean age was 24.22 years (SD = 5.71), 71.1% were women, and 28.9% were men. More heterosexual women than heterosexual men reported having had same-sex attraction, fantasies, desires, and behavioral intentions. However, these men and women reported having similar levels of same-sex sexual intercourse. The discomfort level experienced was higher among heterosexual men and younger people, suggesting the possibility that traditional norms restrict behavioral expression of sexuality among these individuals. At least in the Spanish context, these gender differences should be taken into account to adjust all psychological and educational interventions in the future to improve inclusive sexual attitudes and the treatment of discomfort with sexual orientation. Following these results, research on sexual diversity should focus on young heterosexual people who have different same-sex experiences according to gender differences.