bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microalgae role in sustainable bioenergy generation as determined by light microscopy
Authors: Abbas Moneeza , Shaheen Shabnum , Pervaiz Mahnoor , Jaffer Mehwish , Tahir Arfa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to explore the role of light microscopy in the identification of microalgae as a source of study. Three microalgal species (Nostoc, Anabaena, and Volvox) were identified by light. In this study, different parameters of the oil extraction process from algae biomass were studied. The samples of Nostoc, Anabaena, and Volvox were collected from the freshwater bodies in Lahore, and the samples were identified by light microscopy. Pretreatment of algae was done which includes harvesting, drying, and grinding. The sun drying of sample was done. Solvent extraction was done for the extraction of oil from algal cells. Solvent n‐hexane and diethyl ether were used alone as well as in combination. Effects of n‐hexane to oil ratio, size of algal biomass, and contact time on the percentage yield of extracted oil were studied and analyzed. It was concluded that maximum amount of oil was extracted from algae by using a greater ratio of solvent to algal biomass, maximum contact time, and smaller algal biomass size. The extracted oil yield was satisfactory, demonstrating the potential of microalgae for biodiesel production. It was discovered that if algal oil is subjected to transesterification, it can be turned into biodiesel, and light microscopy can be used to assess anatomical characteristics. However, more research will be required for transesterification.
A Comparison of Northwest Cloudbands and Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers Over Australia
Authors: Borthwick Kara , McGowan Hamish 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are synoptic scale conveyors of tropospheric moisture. They have received considerable scientific attention in recent years due to their profound importance to the Earth's climate system and association with hydrometeorological extremes. The Australian Northwest Cloudband (NWCB) is a similar synoptic scale transporter of tropical heat and moisture which plays a large role in the country's complex hydroclimate. However, there are few studies which explicitly link the two phenomena and provide details on the nature of their relationship. Here we present a comparison of landfalling ARs with NWCBs in the Australian region using modified AR identification criteria for the summers and winters of 1998–2019. An autodetection algorithm was developed to identify AR shapes based on regionally sensitive vertically integrated water vapour transport (IVT) thresholds and common AR criteria. These shapes were then classified into AR events and assessed against recently developed NWCB criteria. Results suggested that while NWCBs likely represent a weaker subset of ARs, they account for a larger proportion of winter AR events than summer events. Significant seasonal patterns were observed in landfall location and IVT anomalies (via seasonal composites), suggesting different formation mechanisms for summer versus winter ARs and NWCBs.
Screening for Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Clinical Practice Using the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire‐7
Authors: Commesso Emily A. , Kaylie David , Risoli Thomas , Peskoe Sarah B. , Witsell David , Coles Theresa 
Published: January 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the ability of the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire‐7 (ETDQ‐7) to discriminate between patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and Non‐ETD diagnoses, and identify symptom information to improve ability to discriminate these groups.Study DesignCohort study.MethodsPilot retrospective study with consecutive adult patients presenting to otology clinics and one general otolaryngology clinic in an academic health system. Patients were administered ETDQ‐7 with eight additional symptom items. Electronic health records were reviewed for demographic and diagnostic information. Patients were grouped into diagnosis categories: 1) True ETD, 2) experiencing ear fullness (EF) not due to ETD, and 3) Control patients without ETD‐related disorders or EF. ETDQ‐7 and symptom item scores were compared by the diagnosis group. Receiver‐operative characteristics curves and area under the curve (AUC) were generated for each ETD diagnosis group based on ETDQ‐7 and symptom scores.ResultsOf the 108 patients included in this study 74 (68.5%) were diagnosed with ETD. Patients with ETD had higher (indicating worse symptom burden) overall ETDQ‐7 scores than Control group (Median [Q1, Q3] 3.0, [1.7, 4.1]; versus 1.5 [1.0, 3.4] P = .008). There was no statistically significant difference between overall ETDQ‐7 scores for ETD and Non‐ETD EF patients (P = .389). The AUC for the ETDQ‐7 in discriminating ETD from other conditions that cause EF was 0.569; the addition of 8 symptom questions to the ETDQ‐7 improved AUC to 0.801.ConclusionAdditional patient‐reported symptom information may improve the ability to discriminate ETD from other similarly presenting diagnoses when using ETDQ‐7.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2217–2223, 2022
Risk factors and assessment considerations for essential fatty acid deficiency in nonparenterally fed patients using a case example
Authors: Estes‐Doetsch Holly , Ganzer Heidi , Roberts Kristen , Brody Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEssential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) has most commonly been reported in parenterally fed individuals but may also present in patients receiving fat‐restricted diets and in patients with fat‐malabsorption disorders. This article reviews the physical and biochemical assessment for EFAD in clinical practice and disorders of fat malabsorption as potential risk factors for EFAD. A case report is included to describe the fatty acid profile of a patient with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency receiving low‐dose pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy after a self‐imposed fat‐restricted diet. The current challenges with laboratory interpretation of essential fatty acid status are also discussed.
One size does not fit all: A qualitative study exploring preferences and barriers towards the design of a loneliness reduction intervention in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Blakoe Mitti , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Højskov Ida Elisabeth , Palm Pernille , Bernild Camilla 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo explore preferences and barriers towards the design of a loneliness reduction intervention in patients treated for coronary heart disease who experience loneliness.DesignA qualitative study using patient involvement methodology.MethodsSeventeen patients participated in either focus groups or individual interview sessions. The interview guide was based on patient involvement methodology. Interviews were analysed using deductive content analysis.ResultsFour overall findings emerged as follows: (a) An intervention involving a social network member must comply with patients perceived social norms; (b) An intervention involving a peer provides benefits from reciprocity and shared experiences, but also requires surplus mental energy; (c) The history of an existing relationship can act as both provider and barrier for confidentiality and (d) Start‐up, timeframe and structure of the intervention should be individually tailored to the patient's preferences. Findings illuminated preferences and barriers towards the design of a loneliness reduction intervention in patients with coronary heart disease.
Impact and safety of balloon pulmonary angioplasty for elderly patients
Authors: Nagai Taito , Ikeda Nobutaka , Iijima Raisuke , Hara Hidehiko , Nakamura Masato 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) has become an established procedure with stable results. The number of elderly CTEPH/CTEPD patients has also increased due to the widespread recognition of the disease concept. However, the reports of BPA in the elderly are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPA in elderly patients (>80 years). From April 2016 to December 2020, 344 BPA sessions (74 patients) were performed. The safety and efficacy of the BPA procedures were compared in the younger group (<80 years; 278 sessions) and the elderly group (≥80 years; 66 sessions). The hemodynamic parameters were significantly improved in both groups (mean pulmonary arterial pressure: 34.4 ± 9.9 → 21.2 ± 6.2 mmHg, p < 0.001 and 33.2 ± 9.6 → 21.8 ± 8.5 mmHg, p < 0.001; pulmonary vascular resistance: 474.5 ± 248.6 → 201.3 ± 108.7 dyne sec cm−5, p < 0.001 and 496.4 ± 290.9 → 260.5 ± 120.2 dyne sec cm−5, p = 0.002, in younger and elderly group, respectively). The rate of death within 30 days of BPA (0.3% vs. 0%, p = 1.000) and use of positive pressure ventilation (1.4% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.600) were not different between the groups (younger vs. elderly, respectively). BPA significantly improved the hemodynamic parameters of elderly CTEPH/CTEPD patients, and the safety is comparable to that of younger patients.
Genetics dictating therapeutic decisions in pediatric pulmonary hypertension? A case report suggesting we are getting closer
Authors: Stevens Leah , Colglazier Elizabeth , Parker Claire , Amin Elena K. , Nawaytou Hythem , Teitel David , Reddy Vadiyala M. , Welch Carrie L. , Chung Wendy K. , Fineman Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite therapeutic advances over the past decades, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and related pulmonary vascular diseases continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonates, infants, and children. Unfortunately, an adequate understanding of underlying biology is lacking. There has been a growing interest in the role that genetic factors influence pulmonary vascular disease, with the hope that genetic information may aid in identifying disease etiologies, guide therapeutic decisions, and ultimately identify novel therapeutic targets. In fact, current data suggest that genetic factors contribute to ~42% of pediatric‐onset PH compared to ~12.5% of adult‐onset PAH. We report a case in which the knowledge that biallelic ATP13A3 mutations are associated with malignant progression of PAH in young childhood, led us to alter our traditional treatment plan for a 21‐month‐old PAH patient. In this case, we elected to perform a historically high‐risk Potts shunt before expected rapid deterioration. Short‐term follow‐up is encouraging, and the patient remains the only known surviving pediatric PAH patient with an associated biallelic ATP13A3 mutation in the literature. We speculate that an increased use of comprehensive genetic testing can aid in identifying the underlying pathobiology and the expected natural history, and guide treatment plans among PAH patients.
Jack's Appendix: When did it come out?
Authors: Turner I.M. , Cheek Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWilliam Jack's Appendix. Descriptions of Malayan plants, by William Jack. No. 3 was a paper printed in Bencoolen, Sumatra, that included the original descriptions of Nepenthes ampullaria, N. rafflesiana, Rafflesia titan and Stagmaria verniciflua. The Appendix was not included in the Bencoolen journal Malayan Miscellanies, but it was circulated to eminent botanists, partly with the intention of establishing priority for Jack's new names. We argue that the Appendix was effectively published with distribution dating from May 1821. This takes the date of publication of the two Nepenthes species back by 15 years and makes them the earliest names to be validated for Malesian species in the genus. The Linnaean binomial Gluta renghas is among three names typified here.
Bureaucratic, Professional and Managerial Power in University Tenure Track Recruitment
Authors: Vellamo Tea , Kosonen Jonna , Siekkinen Taru , Pekkola Elias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, our interest lies in analysing the different powers in recruitment and, particularly, how they are manifested in the new tenure track model in technical fields in Finland. Traditionally, recruitment in higher education has mostly relied on the bureaucratic application of processes and on academics, representing professional power, evaluating academic merit. The new university legislation, granting universities more autonomy in recruiting, has allowed the development of increasingly strategic recruitment models. The novel tenure track recruitment criteria exceed traditional notions of individual merits to include assessments of the strategic visions of universities and departments. We see the use of the tenure track model as a shift both in the recruitment for identity building related to the technical university’s strategy and as a shift in using more managerial power in recruitment. We use a case study approach where we look at recruitment in a similar field in two different kinds of universities utilising tenure track, and we examine how bureaucratic, managerial and professional powers are manifested in the processes. The comparisons are used to highlight the powers in the tenure track process in a technical university.
Gatekeepers on Campus: Peer Review in Quality Assurance of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Westerheijden Don F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter revisits the policy issue of the balance between peer review and performance indicators as a means to assess the quality of higher education, with a focus on unintended effects that emerge when peer review is employed in quality assurance procedures of higher education institutions as a whole. The attempted solutions of using self-assessments with their base of performance indicators, combined with review teams that stretch the meaning of peer review, increase goal displacement behaviour in higher education institutions. The chapter concludes with two ensuing dilemmas that require careful balancing between quality enhancement and superficial compliance, whatever the role of peer review in institutional quality assurance.
Peer Advocacy: Expressions of Loyalty in Peer Review
Authors: Geschwind Lars , Edström Kristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeer review is the most legitimate form of evaluation in academia, and a pillar of many decisions and processes in education, research, and other areas of life in higher education. Its legitimacy is based on the peer having relevant expertise to make judgements about the evaluand, and on its presumably external and disinterested character. However, in this chapter we identify what we call “peer advocacy”: when peer reviewers take on the role of promoter or advocate for the evaluand, or for any of the stakeholders involved. To explore this phenomenon, we analyse four cases in the context of Swedish higher education, based on documented studies and the authors’ own experiences. The cases are analysed to show how peer advocacy can be attributed not only to the peer reviewers themselves, but also to the evaluation model, conditions, and expectations. With a view to preserving the legitimacy and integrity of peer review, recommendations are made both to those who commission evaluations and to peer reviewers.
Autofiction as a Lens for Reading Contemporary Egyptian Writing
Authors: Kamal Hala , Magdy Zainab , Massoud Fatma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers a discussion of three texts by bicultural Egyptian writers: Waguih Ghali’s Beer in the Snooker Club (1964), Radwa Ashour’s Specters (1999), and Miral al-Tahawy’s Brooklyn Heights (2010). The three works are read via an autofictional lens, with focus on Ghali’s autofictional identity, Ashour’s autofictional threads, and al-Tahawy’s autofictionalizing experience. The study suggests that autofictionality can be identified in the texts in terms of genre as well as technique, demonstrating the potential of the autofictional as a literary strategy in negotiating identity, memory, and experience in the writing of Egyptian literature. Our reading of the three texts testifies to the affordance of an autofictional lens in reading Arabic literature and allows new insights into writing at the intersection of reality and the imagination.
Of Strange Loops and Real Effects: Five Theses on Autofiction/the Autofictional
Authors: Wagner-Egelhaaf Martina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the advantages of understanding the autofictional as a flexible matrix with scalable parameters. It puts forward five theses: (1) The fact that so many scholars have tried to work with the term “autofiction” indicates an obvious need for the “autofictional” to grasp what is vibrant between life and text. (2) The autofictional is a scalable and latent dimension in all autobiographical writing. Therefore, autofiction is not a separate genre in addition to autobiography and the novel. (3) Imagination and the use of the supernatural may support autobiographical reference. (4) Autofiction produces real-life effects. (5) Autofiction oscillates between fictionality and factuality. Although it brings one or other aspect to the foreground, all of them persist and continue to, more or less, resonate together.
Multivariate Statistics Between Two-Observation Spaces
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs mentioned in the previous chapter, industrial data are usually divided into two categories, process data and quality data, belonging to different measurement spaces. The vast majority of smart manufacturing problems, such as soft measurement, control, monitoring, optimization, etc., inevitably require modeling the data relationships between the two kinds of measurement variables. This chapter’s subject is to discover the correlation between the sets in different observation spaces.
Kernel Fisher Envelope Surface for Pattern Recognition
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is found that the batch process is more difficultly monitored compared with the continuous process, due to its complex features, such as nonlinearity, non-stable operation, unequal production cycles, and most variables only measured at the end of batch. Traditional methods for batch process, such as multiway FDA (Chen 2004) and multi-model FDA (He et al. 2005), cannot solve these issues well. They require complete batch data only available at the end of a batch. Therefore, the complete batch trajectory must be estimated real time, or alternatively only the measured values at the current moment are used for online diagnosis. Moreover, the above approaches do not consider the problem of inconsistent production cycles.
Fault Identification Based on Local Feature Correlation
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndustrial data variables show obvious high dimension and strong nonlinear correlation. Traditional multivariate statistical monitoring methods, such as PCA, PLS, CCA, and FDA, are only suitable for solving the high-dimensional data processing with linear correlation. The kernel mapping method is the most common technique to deal with the nonlinearity, which projects the original data in the low-dimensional space to the high-dimensional space through appropriate kernel functions so as to achieve the goal of linear separability in the new space. However, the space projection from the low dimension to the high dimension is contradictory to the actual requirement of dimensionality reduction of the data. So kernel-based method inevitably increases the complexity of data processing.
Global Plus Local Projection to Latent Structures
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to the raised demands on process operation and product quality, the modern industrial process becomes more complicated when accompanied by the large number of process and quality variables produced. Therefore, quality-related fault detection and diagnosis are extremely necessary for complex industrial processes. Data-driven statistical process monitoring plays an important role in this topic for digging out the useful information from these highly correlated process and quality variables, because the quality variables are measured at a much lower frequency and usually have a significant time delay (Ding 2014; Aumi et al. 2013; Peng et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016; Yin et al. 2014). Monitoring the process variables related to the quality variables is significant for finding potential harm that may lead to system shutdown with possible enormous economic loss.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the oncologic activities (diagnosis, treatment, clinical trials enrollment) of a general hospital in a district with high prevalence of SARS-COV-2 in Italy
Authors: Ambroggi Massimo , Citterio Chiara , Vecchia Stefano , Riva Alessandra , Mordenti Patrizia , Cavanna Luigi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Little is known about the real impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the qualitative and quantitative fall-out on the management of cancer patients. Our objective was to provide evidence of the effects of SARS-COV-2 on the management of cancer patients in the real world.

Methods
In a general hospital in a district in Italy with high prevalence of COVID-19 during the first wave, we retrospectively analyzed the data of oncologic activity, namely new cancer diagnosis, types of treatment (intravenous or by mouth), clinical research studies, and drug utilization, and compared the findings with those of 2019, before the pandemic. The data have been summarized in boxplot figures for median and interquartile range.

Results
In 2020, a significant reduction in new cancer diagnosis was demonstrated when compared with 2019, with 17.4% fewer cancer diagnoses, 84.5% fewer patients enrolled in clinical trials, a 10.6% reduction in intravenous antitumor treatment, and a 42.7% increase in oral anticancer treatment.

Conclusion
Our data indicate a significant reduction in cancer diagnosis, antitumor venous treatment, and patients enrolled in clinical research studies in 2020 compared with 2019, although there was a significant increase in oral treatment. These data suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic had a deep impact on the real-world management of cancer patients in a district of Italy with a high prevalence of COVID-19.