bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time in vivo imaging reveals specific nanoparticle target binding in a syngeneic glioma mouse model
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Chen Xiangyu , Ding Dong , Zhang Guoxin , Zhu Ziwei , Yang XingJiu , Li Mengyuan , Liang Lijun , Shi Xudong , Wang Tie , Gao Ran 
Published: February 2022

Real-time in vivo imaging reveals specific nanoparticle target binding in a syngeneic glioma mouse model.
Investigation of interaction between MXene nanosheets and human plasma and protein corona composition
Authors: Wu Xuri , Tan Feng , Cheng Shizhu , Chang Yangyang , Wang Xiaochun , Chen Lingxin 
Published: February 2022

MXene Ti3C2Tx adsorb human plasma proteins to form protein corona. Opsonin proteins are highly enriched in the corona. The first main driving forces between MXene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and human plasma proteins are hydrogen bonding.
Classification and detection using hidden Markov model‐support vector machine algorithm based on optimal colour space selection for blood images
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Yao , Song Yuan , Sun Tengyue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatients with cerebral haemorrhages need to drain haematomas. Fresh blood may appear during the haematoma drainage process, so this needs to be observed and detected in real time. To solve this problem, this paper studies images produced during the haematoma drainage process. A blood image feature selection recognition and classification framework is designed. First, aiming at the characteristics of the small colour differences in blood images, the general RGB colour space feature is not obvious. This study proposes an optimal colour channel selection method. By extracting the colour information from the images, it is recombined into a 3 × 3 matrix. The normalised 4‐neighbourhood contrast and variance are calculated for quantitative comparison. The optimised colour channel is selected to overcome the problem of weak features caused by a single colour space. After that, the effective region in the image is intercepted, and the best colour channel of the image in the region is transformed. The first, second and third moments of the three best colour channels are extracted to form a nine‐dimensional eigenvector. K‐means clustering is used to obtain the image eigenvector, outliers are removed, and the results are then transferred to the hidden Markov model (HMM) and support vector machine (SVM) for classification. After selecting the best color channel, the classification accuracy of HMM‐SVM is greatly improved. Compared with other classification algorithms, the proposed method offers great advantages. Experiments show that the recognition accuracy of this method reaches 98.9%.
Herzrhythmusstörungen bei Frauen
Authors: Scheurlen Cornelia , Steven Daniel , Sultan Arian 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungBei Herzrhythmusstörungen zeigen sich deutliche geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede
zwischen Männern und Frauen. Diese Unterschiede reichen von der Physiologie auf zellulärer
Ebene über unterschiedliche Symptome bis hin zum Zugang und Erfolg einer Therapie. In den
großen randomisierten Studien sind Frauen fast immer unterrepräsentiert. Aufgrund des
zunehmenden Bewusstseins über diese signifikanten Unterschiede wurde vor einigen Jahren
ein Positionspapier der EHRA (European Heart Rhythm Association) veröffentlicht, auf
welches im folgenden Artikel Bezug genommen wird.
Geschlechtsunterschiede bei Herzinsuffizienz – Behandlung und
Prognose
Authors: Angermann Christiane E. , Aßmus Birgit 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungWeltweit sind bei Frauen kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen die Haupttodesursache. Bei
Ätiologie, Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie, Symptomatik und Komorbiditäten der
Herzinsuffizienz (HI) sowie bei Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen von Therapiemaßnahmen und der
Prognose gibt es relevante Geschlechtsunterschiede. Trotzdem sind in klinischen Studien
Frauen als Teilnehmerinnen bzw. in der Studienleitung unterrepräsentiert. Sekundäre
Analysen aus Therapiestudien legen Geschlechtsunterschiede bei Wirksamkeit,
Nebenwirkungsprofil und optimaler Dosierung von Medikamenten und beim Nutzen von
Device-Therapien nahe. Prospektive Studiendesigns mit dem Ziel, Geschlechtsunterschiede zu
herauszuarbeiten, gibt es kaum, und Leitlinienempfehlungen sind meist geschlechtsneutral.
Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt Unterschiede bei Behandlungseffekten, Verfügbarkeit
von Therapien und Krankheitsprognose, beleuchtet Wissenslücken und zeigt, wo
Handlungsbedarf besteht, um die Situation von Frauen mit HI zu verbessern.
Colorectal Surgery in Critically Unwell Patients: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Wengritzky Robert , Skinner Stewart , Shekar Kiran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA proportion of patients require critical care support following elective or urgent colorectal procedures. Similarly, critically ill patients in intensive care units may also need colorectal surgery on occasions. This patient population is increasing in some jurisdictions given an aging population and increasing societal expectations. As such, this population often includes elderly, frail patients or patients with significant comorbidities. Careful stratification of operative risks including the need for prolonged intensive care support should be part of the consenting process. In high-risk patients, especially in setting of unplanned surgery, treatment goals should be clearly defined, and appropriate ceiling of care should be established to minimize care that is not in the best interest of the patient. In this article we describe approaches to critically unwell patients requiring colorectal surgery and how a multidisciplinary approach with proactive intensive care involvement can help achieve the best outcomes for these patients.
The Dynamic History of the Ophthalmology Residency Matching Program
Authors: Blodi Christopher F. , Krueger Ronald R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background The ophthalmology residency matching program is the first successful medical specialty match, dating back to 1979. This article reviews the impetus for starting the match and the roles that ophthalmologists Bruce Spivey, MD, and August Colenbrander, MD, PhD, played in establishing the match and developing the machinery to make it possible. Challenges to the match's operations over the years have improved the process.
Objective This article aims to research the roles of key individuals and institutions in establishing and maintaining the ophthalmology residency matching program.
Methods Oral and written interviews with key participants in establishing and maintaining the match were conducted. Primary and secondary written materials were reviewed.
Results Two physicians played key roles in establishing the ophthalmology residency matching program. Bruce Spivey, MD, spearheaded the drive to persuade the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) to support and sponsor the match. August Colenbrander, MD, PhD, created the original match algorithm and single-handedly ran the match process in the early years. Obstacles were overcome, including resistance from the Association of American Medical College's National Resident Matching Program, a challenge to the validity of the algorithm, and the threat that antitrust laws might prohibit all graduate medical education residency match programs. The ophthalmology match evolved over time to become a more formal entity, the San Francisco Matching Program (SF Match). With continued support of the AUPO, the process of matching applicants to residency programs has flourished despite contemporary challenges related to electronic applications and social media.
Conclusion The ophthalmology residency matching program has benefited applicants and teaching programs for more than four decades due to visionary founders, ongoing support of the AUPO, and strong leadership within SF Match.
Medication Management of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Neurological Conditions: A Dimensional Transdiagnostic Approach
Authors: Anderson Jordan R. , Schrift Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeuropsychiatric symptoms are prevalent in neurologic practice, but their complexity makes them challenging to manage. Many cognitive, affective, behavioral, and perceptual symptoms span multiple neurologic diagnoses—and there is prominent variability in neuropsychiatric symptom burden for a given condition. There is also a relative lack of robust controlled clinical trial evidence and expert consensus recommendations for a range of neuropsychiatric symptom presentations. Thus, the categorical approach (e.g., a discrete diagnosis equals a specific set of medication interventions) used in many other medical conditions can sometimes have limited utility in commonly encountered neuropsychiatric clinical scenarios. In this review, we explore medication management for a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms using a dimensional transdiagnostic approach applied to the neurological patient. This approach allows the clinician to think beyond the boundaries of a discrete diagnosis and treat specific symptom domains (e.g., apathy, impulsivity). Pharmacologic considerations, including mechanisms of action and their application to various neurotransmitter systems and brain networks, are discussed, as well as general recommendations to optimize medication adherence and rapport with the patient. The dimensional, transdiagnostic approach to pharmacological management of patients with neurological conditions will help the clinician treat neuropsychiatric symptoms safely, effectively, and confidently.
Intertwined spin, charge, and pair correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard model in the thermodynamic limit
Authors: Mai Peizhi , Karakuzu Seher , Balduzzi Giovanni , Johnston Steven , Maier Thomas A. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The high-temperature superconducting cuprates are governed by intertwined striped magnetic and charge orders, in addition to superconductivity. Remarkably similar behavior has also been seen in numerical calculations for the Hubbard model describing the copper–oxygen layers in these materials. Finite-cluster methods typically find that spin- and charge-stripe order dominates, while embedded quantum-cluster methods, which access the thermodynamic limit, often conclude that superconductivity does. Here, we report the observation of fluctuating spin and charge stripes in an embedded cluster calculation for the Hubbard model. This discovery demonstrates that striped states survive in the thermodynamic limit and allows us to study their influence on the model’s superconducting properties, where we find evidence for pair-density-wave correlations intertwined with the stripe correlations.
A perfect X-ray beam splitter and its applications to time-domain interferometry and quantum optics exploiting free-electron lasers
Authors: Reiche Sven , Knopp Gregor , Pedrini Bill , Prat Eduard , Aeppli Gabriel , Gerber Simon 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Brilliant, ultrashort, and coherent X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses allow investigations of dynamics at the inherent time and length scale of atoms. However, missing are sequences of phase-locked X-ray pulses, desirable for time-domain correlation spectroscopies and coherent quantum control. Based on selective electron-bunch degradation in the accelerator, combined with two-stage, self-seeded photon emission, we propose an FEL mode, generating subfemtosecond, phase-locked X-ray pulse pairs with up to 100 fs delay. Splitting the electron bunch in the accelerator, instead of photon pulses in the beamline, avoids relative phase jitter. This enables time-domain interferometry, such as the X-ray analog of the ubiquitous Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and, more generally, all of nonlinear and quantum optics requiring coherent copies of beams.
Microstructure and mechanical characterisation of ZrO2 reinforced Ti6Al4V metal matrix composites by powder metallurgy method
Authors: Haja Syeddu Masooth P , Bharathiraja G , Jayakumar V , Palani Kumaran 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the mechanical and microstructural properties of ZrO2 reinforced titanium metal matrix composites (TMMCs) fabricated using powder metallurgy. The base matrix of the Ti6Al4V alloy was reinforced with ZrO2 at mixing proportions of different wt percentage points at 0, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Microstructure evaluation was carried out to study the bonding characteristics of the matrix and reinforcement, and it was confirmed that the reinforcement was homogenously mixed with the base matrix. The objective is to study the effect of zirconia on mechanical properties such as hardness, compression strength and thermal expansion coefficiency of Ti6Al4V alloy. The hardness, compression strength, and shrinkage rate are increased with the increase of ZrO2. Finally, it was observed that, 6 wt percentage of ZrO2 reinforced composite showed better characteristics in that the hardness and compression strength were the highest among all the proportions used and the coefficient of thermal expansion was low. Due to these promising results, the fabricated ZrO2 reinforced Ti6Al4V composite can be a potential material for structural, aerospace and automotive applications.
Characterization of an advanced cone beam CT (CBCT) reconstruction algorithm used for dose calculation on Varian Halcyon linear accelerators
Authors: Hu Yunfei , Arnesen Marius , Aland Trent 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, the performance of a new iterative reconstruction algorithm, the pre-clinical AcurosXB iCBCT algorithm, has been characterized on Varian Halcyon linear accelerators with respect to the potential of radiotherapy dose calculations on CBCT images. The study utilized various phantom setups to verify the accuracy of the pre-clinical algorithm under different scatter conditions and compared dose calculations performed on CBCT images reconstructed with the pre-clinical algorithm to those performed on typical planning CT images. The results indicated that despite showing improvements compared to the existing iCBCT protocol, certain restrictions should be introduced when the pre-clinical AcurosXB iCBCT algorithm was used for dose calculations. Changes in the scatter condition exhibited a larger effect on CBCTs than on planning CTs. Therefore, users should be careful in offsetting the patient and positioning the patient’s arms if the resultant images will be used for dose calculations. In addition, protocols with different kV settings should be approached with caution, where 100 kV protocols should only be used to scan the head and neck area, while the rest of the body should be scanned with the 125 kV and 140 kV protocols. When the patient is set up properly and the appropriate energy is selected for the anatomical area, the uncertainty of using the novel AcurosXB iCBCT algorithm for treatment planning dose calculation is within ±2.0%.
Genetically engineered mesenchymal stromal cells as a new trend for treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Keshavarz Shahbaz Sanaz , Mansourabadi Amir Hossein , Jafari Davood 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of non-hematopoietic and self-renewing cells characterized by the potential to differentiate into different cell subtypes. MSCs have interesting features which have attracted a lot of attention in various clinical investigations. Some basic features of MSCs are including the weak immunogenicity (absence of MHC-II and costimulatory ligands accompanied by the low expression of MHC-I) and the potential of plasticity and multi-organ homing via expressing related surface molecules. MSCs by immunomodulatory effects could also ameliorate several immune-pathological conditions like graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD). The efficacy and potency of MSCs are the main objections of MSCs therapeutic applications. It suggested that improving the MSC immunosuppressive characteristic via genetic engineering to produce therapeutic molecules consider as one of the best options for this purpose. In this review, we explain the functions, immunologic properties, and clinical applications of MSCs to discuss the beneficial application of genetically modified MSCs in GVHD.
Explicit and automatic ejection fraction assessment on 2D cardiac ultrasound
Authors: Moal O , Roger E , Lamouroux A , Vuillet C , Bonnet G , Moal B , Lafitte S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): DESKi

Background
Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is a key parameter to assess cardiovascular functions in 2D cardiac ultrasound, but its manual assessment is time-consuming and subject to high inter and intra-observer variability.
Deep learning-based approaches have been proposed to automatically predict EF but can suffer from a lack of explainability and interpretability, which limit the trust of the clinician and prevent errors from being detected.

Purpose
In this context, we propose a fully automatic method to reliably evaluate the biplane left ventricular EF on 2D echocardiography while following the modified Simpson’s rule calculation steps to provide explicit details to clinicians.

Methods
A deep learning model based on U-Net architecture was trained on internal apical 4 and 2-chamber echocardiographic images to segment the left ventricle and locate the mitral valve. Predicted segmentations are then validated with a statistical shape model which detects potential failures that could impact the final EF evaluation. Finally, end-diastolic and end-systolic frames are identified thanks to a spline interpolated from the remaining LV segmentations’ areas, and the EF is estimated on all available cardiac cycles.
This approach was trained on a dataset of 783 patients. Its performances were evaluated on an internal dataset of 200 patients with a large diversity of EF and on an external openly available dataset containing 450 patients.

Results
On the internal dataset, EF assessment achieved a mean absolute error of 6.10% and a bias of 1.56 ± 7.58% using multiple cardiac cycles and removing failed segmentations. Regarding end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, the mean absolute error was evaluated at 13.75mL and 10.70mL respectively. Segmentation performances were evaluated with the Dice and the Hausdorff distance, respectively at 0.92 ± 0.41 and 6.13 ± 2.9mm.
On the external dataset, the approach predicted EF with a mean absolute error of 5.39% and a bias of -0.74 ± 7.12%. The mean absolute error for end-diastolic volume was 15.40mL and for end-systolic volume 8.18mL.

Conclusions
Following the recommended guidelines, we proposed an end-to-end fully automatic approach achieving state-of-the-art performances in EF evaluation in 2D cardiac ultrasound while giving explicit details to the clinicians at each step of the assessment. Abstract Figure. End-to-end fully automatic approach
Changes in left atrial mechanics following surgical myectomy: the key component of clinical improvement
Authors: Badran H , Soliman MA , Faheem N , Fouad R , Yacoub MY 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Objectives
The impairment of left atrial mechanics(LA) is previously described in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It is independently influenced by left ventricular(LV) mechanics and correlated to the severity of LV phenotype. We examined the alterations in LA structure and mechanics following surgical septal myectomy using vector velocity imaging.

Methods
Twenty-five HCM patients, 60% males with mean age (34.5 ± 12 years) were investigated before and six months after surgical myectomy using VVI. In addition to LA size and volume index (LAD, LAVI), LA reservoir function using peak systolic strain(εsys) & systolic strain rate(SRsys), and LA conduit(SRe) and LA contractile(SRa) functions were analyzed. Electrophysiologic properties of the LA were investigated using the difference between longest and shortest cycle; time to peak SRa(TTP-d) and the standard deviation(SD) of TTP-mean derived from regional SRa curves. Similar longitudinal εsys parameters were quantified in LV and right ventricle (RV) from apical views. The magnitude of changes in LA function (Δ) was expressed as the difference between pre and post myectomy values.

Results
Post myectomy, the studied cohort demonstrated atrial reverse remodeling and 68% of patients showed normalization of LAVI (&lt;34ml/m2). All patients demonstrated a reduction of: LVOT gradient to &lt; 20 mmHg, septal thickness, LV mass index, severity of mitral regurgitation and improvement of functional class from NYHA class III to class I. Following myectomy, although there was significant reduction of LV and RV systolic mechanics, there was a considerable increase in LA reservoir function (εsys:26 ± 13 vs 31 ± 16%, P&lt;.03, SRsys:0.9 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.5% s-1, P &lt; 0.02) and contractile function (SRa: -0.8 ± 0.4 vs -1.2 ± 0.9 s-1, P &lt; 0.04) respectively. LA Δ εsys was inversely correlated to pre-myectomy maximal wall thickness (r=-.494, P&lt;.003) & LAVI (r=-.489, P&lt;.01) and directly correlated to pre-myectomy LA εsys % (r=.639, P&lt;.001) and LA SRa (r=.536, P&lt;.008). Δ SRe showed direct correlation to LV εsys (r=.405, P&lt; .04) and LA SRe (r=.635, P&lt;.001) before surgery, respectively. ΔSRa was directly correlated to LA εsys % before surgery (r=.701, P&lt;.0001). ΔTTP-SD and ΔTTP-d, showed inverse correlation to LV systolic mechanics before surgery (r=-.418, P&lt;.038 and r=-.395, P&lt;.050) respectively. Stepwise linear regression analysis identified global LV εsys% and RV εsys pre-myectomy as independent determinants of normalization of LAVI following myectomy, (β: 0.6, 95% CI: -4.22 - -1.96, p&lt; 0.001) (β: 0.4, 95% CI: -4.06 - -0.57, p &lt; 0.04) respectively.

Conclusion
Surgical myectomy is associated with improvement of LA mechanical properties and reverse remolding in HCM patient with symptomatic improvement despite subclinical reduction of LV and RV systolic mechanics.