bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dose-response meta-analysis of the association between the maternal omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplement and risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring
Authors: Jia Yin , Huang Yafang , Wang Huili , Jiang Haili 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal exposure to omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) in oily fish may prevent asthma or wheeze in childhood.ObjectiveBy limiting n-3 LC-PUFA capsules interventions commenced in pregnancy, this systematic review aimed to find more clear evidence on the relationship between the supplement with n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy and the risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring and to improve the life satisfaction of children with asthma.MethodsThe Cochrane library, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched from origin to March 2021 in the above-mentioned databases. Studies selection, data of characteristics extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two authors, independently. A total of 3037 mother-infant pairs from eight randomized controlled trials were ultimately analyzed. The primary outcome was the risk of “asthma and/or wheeze”, and the secondary outcome was “Allergic asthma” in this dose-response meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted. The robust-error meta-regression model was used for dose-response analysis.ResultsThis meta-analysis showed that n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy did not obviously reduce the risk of asthma/wheeze (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.04,p = 0.21) and allergic asthma (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.86,p = 0.44). The risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring was significantly decreased in the subgroup analysis when:: (1) studies conducted in Europe (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.89); (2) daily supplementary dose of n-3 LC-PUFA was at least 1200 mg (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.88); (3) supplementation lasts from pregnancy to lactation period (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95). Furthermore, the risk of asthma/wheeze reduce 2% when daily supplemental dose of n-3 LC-PUFA was increased by 100 mg in the linear dose-response analysis model.ConclusionsPerinatal supplementation with n-3 LC-PUFA can reduce the incidence of asthma/wheeze and allergic asthma in children under certain conditions, and higher doses indicate better protective effects. Further studies are required to confirm the hypothesis of an association between n-3 LC-PUFA intake and childhood asthma/wheeze prevention.
A qualitative study on the perspectives of Turkish mothers and grandmothers in the Netherlands regarding the influence of grandmothers on health related practices in the first 1000 days of a child’s life
Authors: Bektas Gülcan , Boelsma Femke , Gündüz Meryem , Klaassen Eva N. , Seidell Jacob C. , Wesdorp Carline L. , Dijkstra S. Coosje 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Given the importance of the first 1000 days of a child’s life in terms of laying the foundations for healthy growth and development, parents are a logical target group for supporting health-related practices with regard to young children. However, little attention is paid to the influence of the wider social community on the health and development of young children during this crucial period. This includes grandmothers, who often have a significant influence on health-related practices of their grandchildren. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the influence of grandmothers on health related practices of their grandchildren during the first 1000 days, from the perspectives of both grandmothers and mothers with a Turkish background.

Method
This qualitative study in the Netherlands collected data during focus group discussions with grandmothers (N = 3), interviews with grandmothers (N = 18) and interviews with mothers (N = 16), all with a Turkish background. Data was collected in the period between June 2019 and April 2021 and analysed using a thematic content analysis.

Results
The influence of grandmothers and the wider social community on health related practices during the first 1000 days of a child’s life is substantial and self-evident. The support of grandmothers is often rooted in various socio-cultural norms and practices. The mothers of young children can experience the guidance and pressure they receive from grandmothers and the wider social community as quite stressful. Conflicting views and practices tend to arise between grandmothers and mothers when a grandmother babysits. Both mothers and grandmothers often find it difficult to discuss these differences openly, for fear this might lead to a family conflict.

Conclusion
This study shows that grandmothers and the wider social community play an influential role in supporting a healthy first 1000 days of a child’s life. The strong involvement of grandmothers may lead to tension between the mothers and grandmothers when their ideas about healthy practices are not in agreement and may lead to unhealthy practices. In targeting this wider social community, it is important to consider the various socio-cultural factors that underlie the advice, support, practices and beliefs of the individuals involved.
The trends of maternal mortality ratios and cause pattern in 34 Chinese provinces, 1990–2017
Authors: Li Chang-li , Jiang Meng , Huang Ke-cheng , Li Jian , Xu Li-gang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the trends and causes to the burden of maternal deaths is a key requirement to further reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR), and devise targeted intervention policy. We aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of MMRs and cause patterns across the 34 provinces of China during 1990–2017.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, we calculated the levels and trends of total maternal deaths and MMR due to ten different causes through Bayesian multivariable regression model for pregnancies aged 10–54 years, and assessed the age and regional distribution over time.ResultsChina has experienced fast decline in MMR, dropped from 95.2 (87.8–102.3) in 1990 to 13.6 (12.5–15.0) in 2017, with an annualised rate of decline of 7.0%. In 1990, the range of MMRs in mainland China was 31.1 in Shanghai, to 323.4 in Tibet. Almost all provinces showed remarkable decline in the last two decades. However, spatial heterogeneity in levels and trends still existed. The annualised rate of decline across provinces from 1990 to 2017 ranged from 0.54% to 10.14%. Decline accelerated between 2005 and 2017 compared with between 1990 and 2005. In 2017, the lowest MMR was 4.2 in Zhejiang; the highest was still in Tibet, but had fallen to 82.7, dropped by 74.4%. MMR was highest in the 40–49 years age group in both 1990 and 2017. In 2017, haemorrhage and hypertensive disorders were the leading two specific causes for maternal deaths.ConclusionsMMRs have declined rapidly and universally across the provinces of China. Setting of associated interventions in the future will need careful consideration of provinces that still have MMR significantly higher than the national mean level.
Prevalence and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Olortegui-Rodriguez Juan J. , Soriano-Moreno David R. , Benites-Bullón Alejandro , Pelayo-Luis Pilar P. , Huaringa-Marcelo Jorge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean is not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of COPD in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Methods
We searched systematically in Web of Science (WoS)/Core Collection, WoS/MEDLINE, WoS/Scielo, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase from 2010 to 2021. Studies assessing the prevalence and incidence of COPD according to the GOLD classification were included. The overall prevalence of COPD was calculated as a function of the general population using a random-effects model.

Results
20 studies (19 cross-sectional and 1 cohort) met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of COPD in the general population older than 35 years was 8.9%. The prevalence in men was 13.7% and in women 6.7%. The prevalence in smokers and ex-smokers was 24.3%. The incidence in the general population of COPD according to one study was 3.4% at 9 years of follow-up.

Conclusions
COPD is prevalent in Latin America, especially in men and in smokers and ex-smokers. Further prevalence and incidence studies in the general population are needed, as well as health policies and strategies to address the disease.
Musculoskeletal disorders in video gamers – a systematic review
Authors: Tholl Chuck , Bickmann Peter , Wechsler Konstantin , Froböse Ingo , Grieben Christopher 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Video gaming is a recreational activity with yearly increasing popularity. It is mostly a sedentary behavior combined with repetitive movements of the upper limbs. If performed excessively, these movements may promote strain injuries and a sedentary lifestyle is one of the contributing factors to musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate if video gaming negatively affects the musculoskeletal system of video gamers.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched in order to identify relevant peer reviewed original articles in English published between 2000 and 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used for the analysis. Studies were included when they contained investigations of changes of the musculoskeletal system due to video gaming in healthy individuals. Studies with participants older than 60 years or solely psychological, social or cardiovascular outcomes were excluded. An adapted version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for the risk of bias analysis.

Results
Sixteen observational studies involving a total of 62,987 participants met the inclusion criteria. A majority (11) of the studies reported statistical negative musculoskeletal changes due to video game playtime. Four studies did not report changes and one study found no effect of video game playtime on the musculoskeletal system. Out of the eleven studies, which demonstrated a negative impact of video game playtime on the musculoskeletal system, the most reported painful body parts were the neck (n = 4), shoulder (n = 4) and back (n = 3). Ten studies reported odds ratios (OR) for the dependence of the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders on video game playtime. In eight studies OR were significantly increased (1.3—5.2).

Conclusion
Eleven out of twelve studies demonstrated a negative impact of video game playtime on the musculoskeletal system. In particular, excessive video game playtimes (> 3 h/day) seemed to be a predictor for the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders. Due to their great popularity across multiple generations, specific and tailored prevention and health promotion programs for video gamers need to be developed to counteract this important public health issue.
The scissors sign: a provocative test for detecting the leading-edge tear of subscapularis tendon: a diagnostic study
Authors: Rhee Sung-Min , Youn Seung-Min , Park Joon Hong , Chang Geun Wu , Rhee Yong Girl 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Several physical examination tests and signs have been described to aid in the diagnosis of subscapularis (SSC) tear, but have limitations and variable sensitivity. This study aimed to introduce a novel test for detecting a leading-edge tear of the subscapularis (LETS), the most important tendinous portion of SSC.

Methods
A total of 233 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for anterior and superior cuff tears between January 2018 to September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The provocative test we have coined as the “scissors sign” and the other related clinical tests (i.e., belly press, belly off, Napoleon, lift off, internal rotation lag, bear hug tests) were performed preoperatively. Whether the patient has a LETS or the complete tear of the SSC (CTS) was confirmed by arthroscopic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for each test.

Results
In patients who had LETS with or without supraspinatus tear, the scissors sign showed the highest sensitivity (91.4%) with a specificity of 81.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 80.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.1%. In patients with isolated LETS, the scissors sign also showed the highest sensitivity (90.3%) with a specificity of 81.6%, PPV of 57.1%, and NPV of 96.8%. The scissors sign for the complete tear of the subscapularis (CTS) with or without supraspinatus tear and the isolated CTS had a sensitivity of 73.1 and 75%, respectively.

Conclusions
The scissors sign is a novel provocative test that can be helpful in the diagnosis of subscapularis tears, especially LETS, with its high sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. In combination with other tests, the scissors sign will be a good screening tool.
Effects of high-fat diet on thyroid autoimmunity in the female rat
Authors: Liao Zhengzheng , Kong Ying , Zeng Liang , Wan Qing , Hu Jinfang , Cai Yaojun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile contributions of dyslipidemia to autoimmune diseases have been described, its impact on thyroid autoimmunity (TA) is less clear. Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is crucial in preventing autoimmune attack while its blockade exacerbates TA. We thus unveiled the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on TA, focusing on the contribution of PD-1/PD-L1.MethodsFemale Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly fed with a regular diet or HFD (60% calories from fat) for 24 weeks. Then, thyroid ultrasonography was performed and samples were collected for lipid and thyroid-related parameter measure.ResultsHFD rats exhibited hyperlipemia and abnormal biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acid in serum detected by lipidomics. These rats displayed a relatively lower echogenicity and increased inflammatory infiltration in thyroid accompanied by rising serum thyroid autoantibody levels and hypothyroidism, mimicking human Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. These alterations were concurrent with decreased mRNA and immunostaining of intrathyroidal PD-1 and also serum PD-1 levels but not the PD-L1 expression, suggesting a role of a PD-1 pathway. Meanwhile, the infiltration of B and T cell, a key cellular event inhibited by the PD-1 signals, was enhanced in the thyroid of HFD rats, along with thyroid fibrosis and apoptosis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that HFD triggers TA through a mechanism possibly involving downregulation of PD-1-related immunosuppression, providing a novel insight into the link between dyslipidemia and autoimmune toxicities.
Dysglycemia screening with oral glucose tolerance test in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and relationship with obesity
Authors: Gupta Jyotsna , Antal Zoltan , Mauer Elizabeth , Gerber Linda M. , An Anjile , Censani Marisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate dysglycemia and biochemical differences based on BMI status and assess the prognostic ability of elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in predicting an abnormal 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods
Retrospective cohort of female patients aged 11-18 years who underwent 75-g OGTT and were evaluated for PCOS at an urban tertiary care hospital between January 2002 to December 2017.

Results
In 106 adolescents with PCOS who had OGTT results available, IGT was markedly pronounced in the ≥95th percentile BMI group (17 out of 72; 23.6%) compared with <95th percentile BMI group (4 out of 34; 11.7%). One patient with obesity met the criteria for type 2 diabetes. Patients with obesity had significantly higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and lower whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) (p < 0.001) compared to patients without obesity. Free testosterone levels were also higher in patients with obesity (p< 0.03) and were significantly associated with HOMA-IR when controlling for body mass index (BMI). HbA1c did not demonstrate a strong ability to predict abnormal OGTT on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis [Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.572, 95% CI: 0.428, 0.939]).

Conclusions
In a study to assess glucose abnormalities in adolescents with PCOS, IGT was found to be markedly increased in patients with obesity, with abnormal glucose metabolism identified in over one-fifth of the patients. HbA1c alone may be a poor test to assess IGT and we recommend that adolescents diagnosed with PCOS and obesity undergo formal oral glucose tolerance testing.
Effect of strontium-doped bioactive glass-ceramic containing toothpaste on prevention of artificial dentine caries formation: an in vitro study
Authors: Dai Lin Lu , Mei May Lei , Chu Chun Hung , Lo Edward Chin Man 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Backgroud
Root caries in aging population was prevalent worldwide. Due to the absence of enamel and specific structure of dentine, bacteria are able to penetrate further into dentine at an earlier stage of lesion development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding of a strontium-doped bioactive glass-ceramic (HX-BGC) to a fluoride-free toothpaste on prevention of formation of artificial dentine caries.

Methods
Thirty-six human tooth specimens were allocated to three groups (n = 12 per group). Group 1 treated with slurry containing a fluoride-free toothpaste and 5% HX-BGC, Group 2 was treated with fluoride-free toothpaste slurry, and Group 3 received deionized water as a negative control. The specimens were subjected to four cycles (15 h demineralization and 8 h remineralization for one cycle) of biochemical cycling. A mixed suspension of five bacteria species (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii) were prepared in brain heart infusion broth with 5% sucrose and used as acidic challenge in biochemical cycling. Subsequently, surface morphology of the dentine lesion was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, while the lesion depths and mineral loss were assessed by micro-computed tomography.

Results
The mean lesion depths in dentine in Groups 1 to 3 were 87.79 ± 16.99 μm, 101.06 ± 10.04 μm and 113.60 ± 16.36 μm, respectively (p = 0.002). The mean amounts of mineral loss in Groups 1 to 3 were 0.82 ± 0.10 g/cm3, 0.89 ± 0.09 g/cm3 and 0.96 ± 0.11 g/cm3, respectively (p = 0.016). No obvious differences in the surface morphology were seen among the groups.

Conclusion
Addition of strontium-doped bioactive glass-ceramic to fluoride-free toothpaste has potential to reduce formation of dentine lesions.
Mechanical force regulates root resorption in rats through RANKL and OPG
Authors: Zhou Jianli , Guo Lijia , Yang Yanji , Liu Yi , Zhang Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
External root resorption is one of common complications of orthodontic treatment, while internal root resorption is rarely observed, and the difference between pulp and periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic forces on histological and cellular changes of the dental pulp and periodontal tissues.

Methods
Orthodontic tooth movement model was established in Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats. The distance of orthodontic tooth movement was quantitatively analyzed. The histological changes of pulp and periodontal tissues were performed by hematoxylin–eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining was used to analyze the changes of osteoclast number, immunohistochemistry analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the receptor of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. The width of tertiary dentine was quantitatively analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining and the erosion area of osteo assay surface plate was used to evaluate osteoclast activity.

Results
The orthodontic tooth movement distance increased in a force dependent manner, and reached the peak value when orthodontic force is 60 g. Heavy orthodontic force increased the RANKL expression of periodontal ligament srem cells (PDLSCs) which further activated osteoclasts and resulted in external root resorption, while the RANKL expression of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was relatively low to activate osteoclasts and result in internal root resorption, and the dental pulp tend to form tertiary dentine under orthodontic force stimulation.

Conclusions
Heavy orthodontic forces activated osteoclasts and triggered external root resorption by upregulating RANKL expression in rat periodontal tissues, while there was no significant change of RANKL expression in dental pulp tissue under heavy orthodontic forces, which prevented osteoclast activation and internal root resorption.
N-terminus of flagellin enhances vaccine efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Chuekwon Kamonpun , Chu Chun-Yen , Cheng Li-Ting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Flagellin elicits potent immune response and may serve as a vaccine adjuvant. We previously reported that the N-terminus of flagellin (residues 1–99, nFliC) is sufficient for vaccine efficacy enhancement against Pasteurella multocida challenge in chickens. In this study, we futher tested the adjuvancy of nFliC in a subunit vaccine against the pig pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a mice model. For vaccine formulation, the antigen ApxIIPF (the pore-forming region of the exotoxin ApxII) was combined with nFliC, either through genetic fusion or simple admixture.

Results
Immune analysis showed that nFliC, introduced through genetic fusion or admixture, enhanced both humoral (antibody levels) and cellular (T cell response and cytokine production) immunity. In a challenge test, nFliC increased vaccine protective efficacy to 60–80%, vs. 20% for the antigen-only group. Further analysis showed that, even without a supplemental adjuvant such as mineral salt or oil emulsion, genetically linked nFliC still provided significant immune enhancement.

Conclusions
We conclude that nFliC is a versatile and potent adjuvant for vaccine formulation.