bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge, Perception, Attitude and Practice of Elevated Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients (Iraqi population)
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood 
Published: April 2022

Background: the patient’s perceptions about hypertension play an important role to reach the best control of this chronic disease. However, many hypertensive patients particularly the elderly present with uncontrolled blood pressure, which is a leading factor for mortality. Patient's knowledge and modifications of life style can contributes in the controlling of hypertension and preventing their long-term complications. Methods: Cross-sectional study, data from 212 hypertensive patients was collected from medical outpatient clinics in Baghdad along period of more than one year. Level of knowledge, attitude, perceptions and practice about hypertension were assessed using questionnaire sheet prepared for this purpose. Results: There were 212 hypertensive patients, 138 (65.1%) were women and 47 (34.9%) were men. Mean ± standard deviation age of patients was 56.56 ± 9.58 years. Most of the patients had completed high school (n = 179, 84.43%), and nearly half of them were have a job as average (n = 114, 53.8%). In general, more than half of participants revealed good knowledge, attitude and perception about elevated blood pressure, but unfortunately there are still a cogent percent of Iraqi patients present with poor knowledge and practice regarding to risk factors of hypertension, benefits of life style modifications mainly exercise, and taking healthy diet. Patient's knowledge, attitude, perception & practice were positively related to the educational level of hypertensive patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a non-convincing knowledge, attitude and perception and poor practice about hypertension in patients with elevated blood pressure in the study population. More efforts should be made to educate patients about the acquaintance of hypertension and the suitable individual way of treatment. Keywords: Hypertension, Patient’s knowledge, perception, attitude, practice.
Some Heavy metals elements in milk powder samples collected from Baghdad markets
Authors: Jassim Khalid Nassif , Alsaree Omar Jaffar 
Published: April 2022

powder milk is an important foodstuff and beneficial to human health.
Thirty random milk powder samples of different trade marks (Rawan® limit full milk powder), (Dielac® milk powder) and ( Fresh instant milk powder) were collected from different outlets in Baghdad capital of a IRAQ, They were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for the concentrations of following heavy metals , lead (Pb), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn)]. This study appeared that the concentrations of heavy metal Fe samples is above the allowed limit in ( Rawan® limit milk powder). However the concentrations of about thirty percent of the samples of Fe in ( Dielac full cream milk powder ) is above the allowed limits. The concentration of Pb in ( Fresh instant full cream milk powder) is above the permissible limit . All the examined samples found free of Cd. Air, water and plants considered as a main contamination of the milk powder by heavy metals. So it is necessary for warning from the toxic effects for these heavy metals for children and adults.
Histopathological Study on The Effect of Neuregulin-1 Against Cardiotoxicity Induced By Trastuzumab in Adult Mice
Authors: Majeed Yousuf gays , Al-abbassi Mustafa ghazi , Jasim al-zubaidy Ghaith ali 
Published: April 2022

Objective: This work carried out to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of
Neuregulin-1 against cardiotoxicity induced by trastuzumab in male mice.
Materials and Methods: Forty five adult male and female mice (weighing 35-50 gm) were divided into 3 groups randomly, each group contains 15 animals, group A which received distilled water as control by using intraperitoneal injection (IP) route for 10 days group B, received Trastuzumab as 6 mg/kg/day by using intraperitoneal injection route for 10 days while group C, received Neuregulin-1 (2.5 mg/day/animal) just before the administration of Trastuzumab (6mg/kg/day) given by IP route for 10 days. The significance of difference were tested by using ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Statistical significance depends on the P<0.05.
Results: The histological score of cardiac tissue changes showed that a highly increase in mice administrated with trastuzumab when compared to control group while pretreatment with Neuregulin-1 , made a decrease in histological changing score when compared with trastuzumab group. The percentage of immunohistochemical score of stain uptake for TNF-α and IL-1β expression in cardiac tissue shows a highly increase in mice administrated when compared with control group, furthermore, pretreated with neuregulin-1 showed a decrease in the percentage of staining when compared with trastuzumab group.
Conclusion: Neuregulin-1 can be used as a cardioprotective in cardiac complications of cancer treatment by its ability to attenuate the cardiotoxic effect of trastuzumab by decreasing in histological changing score and decrease in the percentage of staining when compared with trastuzumab group.
In vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Using Different Gelling agents on the Release of Erythromycin from a Nanocubosomal gel
Authors: Al-Sakini Sadeq Jaafar , Maraie Nidhal K. 
Published: April 2022

Preparation of a topical gel for erythromycin using optimized nano-sized cubosome dispersion, which is changed into a gel to get nanocubosomal gel using different gelling agents. The optimum nanocubosomal dispersion
containing 4.4% glyceryl mono oleate (GMO) (as an oil phase) and 0.6% poloxamer 407 (as an emulsifying agent) was converted into a gel using different gelling agents including carbopol 974, carbopol 940, carbopol 934 and hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at different ratios of (1:1 and 1:2). Each prepared gel was then evaluated in vitro to determine the homogenisity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and drug release. The selected formula (FG6) showed best homogenisity, consistency and spreadability as well as it produced initial burst release of 60.3% (within 1 hour) followed by prolonged release of 96.3% continued for 4 hours. In addition, the optimum gel formula (FG6) has shown remarkable antibacterial activity, which was significantly higher than the marketed gel (ERYTHROMYCIN GEL ® 2%) against four different strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
Effect of Educational Program on Prophylactic Antiemetics Prescribing Practice
Authors: Yousif Zaid M.A , Hussein Ayad Ali 
Published: April 2022

Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continues to be among the main concerns after general anesthesia, impacting approximately 30% of all postoperative patients. PONV is still reported by patients as their most distressing post-surgical outcome even
surpassing that of pain. In spite of the presence of PONV prophylaxis guidelines and the availability of multimodal and novel anti-emetics, it is clear that these guidelines are poorly applied with insufficient prescription of pre-emptive anti-emetics. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of educational intervention with general surgeons and anesthesiologists on prophylactic antiemetic prescribing practice.
Methods: An interventional study was carried out at Al-Sader Medical City/ Al-Najaf province/ Iraq. In the observational phase of the study, patients were selected from the general surgery ward to observe the baseline prescribing pattern of the prophylactic anti-emetics and PONV incidence among them. After implementing the educational program, another group (interventional group) of patients was taken to see if there was any alteration in the practice of pre-emptive anti-emetics prescription and the incidence of PONV.
Results: Two groups each of 50 patients were enrolled, namely, observational group and interventional group. In the observational group, only 7 patients (14%) received preoperative prophylactic anti-emetics compared to 24 patients (48%) in the interventional group, (P<0.001). No statistically relevant difference was observed in the use of post-operative anti-emetics. The incidence of PONV within the first 24 hours was significantly lower among the interventional patients’ group, (28%) versus (54%) before the educational intervention, (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study revealed that the educational program done by the researcher has a positive impact on the prescription of pre-operative prophylactic anti-emetics with subsequent reduction in PONV incidence.
Pharmacist Role in Enhancement of Medication Adherence and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome Paitents
Authors: Jabri Amina M. , Assad Hayder Ch. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Patients who experience acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at high risk of having further events in the future. One month after the attack, the average readmission rate was estimated to be approximately 20%. As a result, patients must receive secondary preven-tion medications to avoid reoccurrence

of these cardiovascular events. To get the entire benefit, patients must adhere to the prescribed regimen. However, many studies demonstrated that patients do not adhere to the prescribed medications upon the long term, and this leads to substantial deterioration of disease and consequently death, as well as significant financial burden. This study has the objective of assessing the impact of pharmacist intervention on increasing patients' adherence to ACS medications.
Method: a prospective interventional study was performed from January to October 2018. A total of 70 patients were selected randomly and were divided into those who received the usual care processes offered by pharmacists at discharge, and those who received well-structured clinical pharmacist intervention about the discharge medications and disease. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Also, patients' level of adherence to the discharge medications was assessed after 3 months. Furthermore, 30 day hospital readmission rate was evaluated.
Results: Regarding patients' medication adherence, 63.3% of the patients in intervention group had high level of adherence compared to only 21.1% of controls. After 3 months of follow up significant reduction in mean scores of outcomes were noticed in intervention group compared to control, where HR (73.6 vs. 80), SBP (129.5 vs. 141), DBP (81.2 vs. 87.5). Also serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL were reduced and HDL increased significantly in the intervention group (P <0.05), while no such changes seen in controls. Moreover, no considerable difference was observed in hospital readmission between the intervention and control group.
Conclusion: This study showed that pharmacist intervention caused notable enhancement in patient' medication adherence with subsequent improvement of heart rate, blood pressure, and lipid profile, but with no improvement in hospital readmission.
Comparative study of different meloxicam generic products with the brand product
Authors: Al-kotaji Myasar 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to evaluate different products of meloxicam Table; Five meloxicam immediate-release generic products (15 mg Tables) were compared with the innovator, reference product, (Mobic®, Boehringer) to find the interchangeable product with the innovator product.
Different physical tests were conducted including weight uniformity, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability and disintegration test. In addition, prediction of in-vivo behavior was assessed by measuring the dissolution profile of meloxicam for all the products. Similarity factor (f2) was calculated to compare between the dissolution profile of the generic products with the dissolution profile of innovator product.
The results revealed that all the studied products are complied with the British Pharmacopoeia requirements. However, not all of them showed similar in-vitro profile to the brand product. Four out of five generic products, included in this study, showed similarity in dissolution profile to the brand one, which indicates possible bio-equivalency, with the advantages of money saving of using such generic products. One generic product showed similarity factor less than 50, which might give an indication that this generic product is not capable to be bioequivalent with the brand (innovator) product.
Overall, this study can be considered an important applicable study that gives an indication about the in-vivo performance of different products. In addition, the study demonstrates the applicability of a simple in-vitro dissolution study as a surrogate way of assessing product bioavailability instead of an expensive and complicated in-vivo bioequivalent study.
The Complementary Role of ToF-SIMS in the Assessment of Imiquimod Permeated into the Skin from a Microemulsion Dosage Form
Authors: Al-Mayahy Mohammed Hussain , Marlow Maria , Scurr David J. 
Published: April 2022

The assessment of drug permeation into/across the skin is traditionally accomplished using Franz diffusion cells with subsequent analysis by conventional chromatographic methods such as HPLC and more recently using advanced imaging techniques. In this context, time

of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) offers distinctive advantages in mapping drugs within skin with high sensitivity and chemical specificity without the need for fluorescent tags or radiolabels. The work in this paper uses the combination of conventional and advanced methods to evaluate imiquimod permeation into the skin. This approach provides complementary and detailed information regarding the permeated mass, the permeation depth and the spatial distribution and localisation of drugs within skin.
Imiquimod is an immune modulator drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) but not the nodular lesions. As other studies have reported that Aldara™ cream (imiquimod 5% w/w) has some limitations in the treatment of nodular BCC lesions due to the cream’s inability to deliver imiquimod into the deeper more invasive nodular lesions, an enhancement of imiquimod permeation is thought to be useful to overcome these limitations. Therefore, an attempt to improve delivery of imiquimod into the deeper skin layers using microemulsions was investigated.
Imiquimod microemulsions were formulated and characterised in our previous work are now tested for skin permeation enhancement. However, the assessment of imiquimod permeation from the formulated microemulsions using HPLC and ToF-SIMS demonstrated a limited ability of the microemulsions to improve delivery of imiquimod over Aldara™ cream. This was attributed to the poor release of imiquimod from the microemulsion formulas due to the high affinity of imiquimod for the oil phase and the encapsulation of the oil droplets by the S/Co-S mixture. This is thought to be, the first time that ToF-SIMS has been used to assess permeation of imiquimod from a microemulsion dosage form.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of New Derivatives of Imidazolidine having Sulfamethoxazole Moiety
Authors: Abd alazez Enas k. , Raauf Ayad M.R. , Ali Karima F. 
Published: April 2022

This work includes Synthesis of new series of sulfa drugs derived from sulfamethoxazole containing substituted Imidazolidine moiety. These compounds expected to have antibacterial activity, due to their Imidazolidine moiety This work includes synthesis of some new
Schiff bases (II1-5) by condensation of sulfamethoxazole drug(I) with some aldehydes (1-5) (benzaldehyde, p-chloro benzaldehyde, p-nitro benzaldehyde, p-hyroxy benzaldehyde and p-N, N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde). These Schiff bases were found to react with glycine, to prepared new imidazolidine derivatives (III1-5). The prepared compounds were characterized by physical properties, FT-IR and of the 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The preliminary study of antibacterial activity of final compounds has considered by well diffusion method. The tested compounds displayed effect against gram negative bacteria:( Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyougenes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria), which compared to DMSO as control, and good activity compared to sulfamethoxazole as standard.
Detection of terpenes of Iraqi Artemisia abrotanum L. by GC/MS in hexane extract
Authors: Aruba Omar Salim , Jasim Gaith Ali , Nasser Abdulmutalib A. 
Published: April 2022

Artemisia abrotanum L. is recently introduced plant in Iraq, in this study we conducted GS/MS for detection of terpene that are group of constituents abundant in this species qualitatively and quantatively. We used hexane extract for the detection depending on the like dissolve like proce-
dure of extraction since they are mostly nonpolar compounds, they dissolve in nonpolar solvent like hexane thus the extraction procedure is conducted with this solvent. New compound was detected with hexane extract that wasn't present in previous studies.
Preparation and in-vitro evaluation of cilostazol self-emulsifying drug delivery system
Authors: Wannas Ali N. , Maraie Nidhal K. 
Published: April 2022

This work reported a first liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SEDD) of cilostazol using oleic acid as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant, and transcutol as co-surfactant. Cilostazol is a poor water-soluble phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, which has antiplatelet

and vasodilator effect used to relief intermittent claudication symptoms. Cilostazol solubility was determined in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants and phase diagram was constructed at different oil: surfactant: co-surfactant ratios to determine the existence of nano-emulsion region. The in-vitro dissolution profile showed an optimized cilostazol SEDD formula (LT1) containing oleic acid (10%) as oil, tween 80 (45%) as surfactant, and transcutol (45%) as co-surfactant in comparison with the commercial conventionally Tablets. The LT1 formula was thermodynamically sTable, with a zeta potential of -30.48 mV and droplet size 154 nm. The LT1 capsule showed a superior dissolution profile (100%) when compared to the commercial Tablet (64%) of cilostazol.
The objective of the present study is to formulate cilostazol as an oral liquid SEDD with better solubility and drug release to overcome a variable bioavailability of the commercial Tablet in which a high-fat meal increases absorption to approximately 90%.
Clinical pharmacy in medical practice: the impact of detection, prevention and resolution of Drug Therapy Problems (DTPs) on patients with chronic diseases
Authors: Obeid Kawa A. , Ahmad Chiya Muhamad 
Published: April 2022

(i). Background & objective: Recently, the role of pharmacists in the healthcare settings has dramatically evolved through the application of pharmaceutical care process. However, this new role has not been fully elucidated and reflected in the Iraqi healthcare system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the

impact of clinical pharmacist intervention on the management of patients with common chronic diseases.
(ii) Methods: a randomised controlled trial study was performed with 125 patients with one or more of these conditions: hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and Diabetes mellitus. They have divided into two groups i.e. intervention and non-intervention groups.
(iii) Results: The results revealed that pharmacist intervention played a significantly role in the management of chronic diseases given that a significant reduction in the various clinical parameters such as blood pressure, lipid profile, HbA1c and FPG were observed among the intervention group. Apart from development of a therapeutic relationship with the patients, these results are largely amounted to the detection, prevention and resolution of a massive number of DTPs among the patients in the intervention group.
(iv) interpretation & Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist intervention can play a pivotal role in the management of patients with chronic diseases. This could be extended to the other healthcare settings as well. Moreover, clinical pharmacist plays a key role in the achievement of therapeutical goals and avoiding Drug Therapy Problems (DTPs).
Effect of coating method on release of Glimepiride from porosity osmotic pump tablets (POPTs)
Authors: Abdulkhaleq Nuha Mohammed , Ali Wedad K. , Elkordy Amal A. 
Published: April 2022

In this study, once-daily porosity osmotic pump tablets (POPTs) of Glimepiride were prepared using HPMC K100M (61%), osmotic agent (30% NaCl) coated using two different coating techniques spraying and dipping methods. The coating solution composed of ethyl

cellulose (7.5%) w\w in ethanol (90%), castor oil (2%) as water-insoluble plasticizer and Gingo red color (0.5% w\w). In both techniques, the coating level was adjusted to give a 10% increase in the weight of the tablets. The effect of the coating by dipping technique with an increase in the weight of tablet (10 %, 20% & 50%) was also investigated to see the effect coating level on the percentage of drug release from POPTs.
The results of the in vitro release of Glimepiride from tablets coated by the spraying method showed longer release time (24 hrs) than those coated with dipping method. On the other hand, increasing the coating level by dipping method retarded the release of the drug from tablets. However, the same retardation effect on release as shown with the spraying technique was only obtained by increasing the coating level with a 50% increase in the weight of the tablet. Thus, coating by spraying is more efficient to prepare POPTs to give a continuous release of Glimepiride from once daily table with the lowest increase in the total weight of the tablet.
Factors affecting preparation and evaluation of Kitorolac tromethamine microsponges for ocular use
Authors: Wid F. Neamah  , Nidhal K. Maraie  
Published: April 2022

Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT) is prepared for the first time by double emulsion procedure. The current research involves preparation and evaluation of microsponges for ocular applications. This work included preparation of sixteen formulas of KT-microsponges by double
emulsion (w/o/w) method using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as a polymer and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer, with different mixer types for different time and power. The prepared microsponges were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate the morphology and particle size, the entrapment efficacy and percentage yield were calculated as well as in vitro drug release. Best formula (F14) of KT-microsponges had EE (74%), % yield (83%) with initial drug release (approximately 21% within the first fifteen days) which continued to reach (approximately 86% within 90 days) by using 30% of PLGA concentration with 0.05% of PVA and 200 ml of the external aqueous phase using a probe sonicator for 4 minutes at 200 Watt power. This formulation technique will be the interest of pharmaceutical company.
IDENTIFICATION OF QUERCETIN IN Echinops tenuisectus Family Compositae
Authors: KHADEEM ENAS JAWAD 
Published: April 2022

This study is emphasized on the detection and identification of Quercetin Flavonoid in a newly studied, wild Iraqi plant, named Echinops tenuisectus of Compositae family. The medicinal importance of Quercetin on one hand, and the absence of any phytochemical investigation on tenuisectus specie of Echinops genus on the other hand, acquired this s importance. יstudy it Quercetin was identified in the plant extract of both, the aerial part’s and the seed’sextracts, by two chromatographic methods, first Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using TLC ready made Gf254 plates, UV detector at 254 nm, and tow different solvent systems in which the Rf value of the standard quercetin matched with the Rf value of the plant extract quercetin. HPLC was the other chromatographic method that proved the presence of quercetin in the plant extract by identical retention times. The result indicated that the quercetin content in the seed extract was higher than that in the plant extract of the aerial parts.