bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A constructivist approach to teach neuroanatomy lab: Students’ perceptions of an active learning environment
Authors: Hassan Sherif S. , Nausheen Fauzia , Scali Frank , Mohsin Hina , Thomann Charity 
Published: June 2022

Background A recent trend in medical education is developing a more dynamic and integrated curriculum. Team-based learning (TBL) increases students’ engagement and the active construction of anatomical knowledge. This initial study aimed to empirically observe medical students’ perceptions of their achievement of learning outcomes and the construction of their neuroanatomy knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving using an interactive whiteboard (IWB) as a teaching strategy. Methods An independent neuroanatomy lab survey collected students’ perceptions and comments about their learning experiences using the IWB on a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. Results Student participants felt that using the IWB has facilitated their learning experience. 94.2% of student participants endorsed feelings that new technology has helped them achieve their learning outcomes, helped them integrate both their basic science and clinical science/skills knowledge (90.4%), enhanced their problem-solving skills (92.3%), facilitated their interaction with the neuroanatomy faculty (96.2%) and increase their critical thinking (88.4%). Conclusion Collecting such empirical data about students’ perceptions and their learning environment should help neurosciences faculty in medical schools better outline their activities to faculty at other medical institutions. Applying these methods may enhance the learning process, save time during neuroanatomy lab, and it could also help overcome the shortage of qualified neuroanatomy educators.
Investigating autonomic biomarkers of sensory processing patterns in young adults
Authors: Kerley Lachlan , Meredith Pamela , Harnett Paul 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Autonomic nervous system functioning is theorised to underpin individual differences in sensory processing, with a small amount of supporting evidence. Despite recognition of the need to measure the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, most studies have measured only one of these systems. This study investigated whether sensory processing patterns are related to autonomic balance for young adults at rest and in response to a sensory-based stressor. Method In this cross-sectional laboratory study, 100 young adults completed the adolescent/adult sensory profile. Heart rate variability and pre-ejection period were recorded before, during and after a coldpressor task. Results Relationships between sensory processing patterns and autonomic balance varied by gender. In males, low sensory thresholds were generally related to a state of reciprocal sympathetic activation. In females, low thresholds were associated with greater autonomic reactivity in response to the coldpressor. Conclusion This study showed, for the first time in young adults, that sensory processing patterns may be linked to patterns of autonomic balance. Therapists should be aware that young men with low sensory thresholds may be more likely than others to exhibit a resting state of sympathetic hyperarousal and further research should investigate whether this impacts their daily functioning and wellbeing.
Assessment of personal inhalation and skin exposures to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate during polyurethane fabric coating
Authors: Harari Homero , Bello Dhimiter , Woskie Susan , Redlich Carrie A 
Published: June 2022

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) monomers and polymeric MDI (pMDI) are aromatic isocyanates widely used in the production of polyurethanes. These isocyanates can cause occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, as well as contact dermatitis. Skin exposure likely contributes toward initial sensitization but is challenging to monitor and quantitate. In this work, we characterized workers’ personal inhalation and skin exposures to pMDI in a polyurethane fabric coating factory for subsequent health effect studies. Full-shift personal and area air samples were collected from eleven workers in representative job areas daily for 1–2 weeks. Skin exposure to hands was evaluated concomitantly with a newly developed reagent-impregnated cotton glove dosimeter. Samples were analyzed for pMDI by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In personal airborne samples, the concentration of 4,4′-MDI isomer, expressed as total NCO, had a geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 5.1 and 3.3 ng NCO/m3, respectively (range: 0.5–1862 ng NCO/m3). Other MDI isomers were found at much lower concentrations. Analysis of 4,4′-MDI in the glove dosimeters exhibited much greater exposures (GM: 10 ng/cm2) and substantial variability (GSD: 20 ng NCO/cm2; range: 0–295 ng NCO/cm2). MDI inhalation exposure was well below occupational limits for MDI for all the job areas. However, MDI skin exposure to hands was substantial. These findings demonstrated the potential for substantial isocyanate skin exposure in work settings with very low airborne levels. This exposure characterization should inform future studies that aim to assess the health effects of work exposures to MDI and the effectiveness of protective measures.
Subjective Assessment of Motor Function by the Bedside Nurses in Mechanically Ventilated Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Predicts Tracheostomy
Authors: Friedrich Sabine , Teja Bijan , Latronico Nicola , Berger Jay , Muse Sandra , Waak Karen , Fassbender Philipp , Azimaraghi Omid , Eikermann Matthias , Wongtangman Karuna ,   for the SICU Optimal Mobilization Team (SOMT) Group
Published: June 2022

Objective In many institutions, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses assess their patients’ muscle function as part of their routine bedside examination. We tested the research hypothesis that this subjective examination of muscle function prior to extubation predicts tracheostomy requirement. Methods Adult, mechanically ventilated patients admitted to 7 ICUs at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) between 2008 and 2019 were included in this observational study. Assessment of motor function was performed every four hours by ICU nurses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlled for acute disease severity, delirium risk assessment through the confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU), and pre-defined predictors of extubation failure was applied to examine the association of motor function and tracheostomy within 30 days after extubation. Results Within 30 days after extubation, 891 of 9609 (9.3%) included patients required a tracheostomy. The inability to spontaneously move and hold extremities against gravity within 24 h prior to extubation was associated with significantly higher odds of 30-day tracheostomy (adjusted OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.27−1.91, p < 0.001, adjusted absolute risk difference (aARD) 2.8% (p < 0.001)). The effect was magnified among patients who were mechanically ventilated for >7 days (aARD 21.8%, 95% CI 12.4−31.2%, p-for-interaction = 0.015). Conclusions ICU nurses’ subjective assessment of motor function is associated with 30-day tracheostomy risk, independent of known risk factors. Muscle function measurements by nursing staff in the ICU should be discussed during interprofessional rounds.
Acrylate polymers of triazine containing chalcone moiety: Synthesis, characterization, reactivity ratio and photocrosslinking studies
Authors: Suresh Jayaseelan , Arun Araichimani 
Published: June 2022

Acrylate monomer ((4-(3-(4-((4-(4-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)-6-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl acrylate (DTCP) is prepared and used to prepare poly (DTCP) and its copolymer poly (DTCP-co-HEA) and poly (DTCP-co-S) using 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), styrene (S) by solution polymerization technique. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton Nucleharmar Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and UV-Visible techniques are used to identify the synthesized polymers. Gel permeation chromatography method is used to determine the polymer’s weight average molecular weight, which is found to be around 10000 g/mol. According to the Thermo Gravimetric Analysis study, the synthesized polymers go through single stage decomposition centered at 340°C. The polymer reactivity ratio is found using well known Finemann-Ross (F-R), Kelen-Tudos (K-T), and extended Kelen-Tudos (ex.K-T) methods. The reactivity of the commercial monomers (HEA or S) is found to be higher than that of synthesized monomer, according to our findings. The photocrosslinking rate of the synthesized polymers is determined using a UV visible spectroscopic method and found to be high for polymer having HEA unit.
I’ll never forget: Remembering of past events within the Silent Generation as a challenge to the political mobilisation of nostalgia
Authors: Nieland Sue , Mahendran Kesi , Crafter Sarah 
Published: June 2022

The political mobilisation of nostalgia is increasingly preoccupying social and political psychologists. A key concern is with rising populism and the use of an imagined golden past to foster threat through anti-EU and anti-immigrant sentiment. This article introduces two key concepts, anemoia – imagining a past not experienced – and prolepsis – how the past influences actions in the present aligned to future goals – to argue that actual recall of past biographical events potentially counters the influence of nostalgic rhetoric designed to influence political decision-making. The focus of this article is a single Scottish case study, Rachel, a member of the Silent Generation of citizens aged over 75 years, who have a living memory of World War II and its aftermath. A dialogical analysis was carried out identifying key I-positions and chronotopic analysis of the dialogical self, relating to experienced extreme childhood poverty and deprivation, anti-Semitism and limited mobility. This demonstrated how living through a historic event and its repercussions, rather than imagining a past not experienced, mitigates against nostalgia. This raises the question of how much mobilisation of the events of a glorious past and anxieties about the future rely upon the unexamined silence of those who recall those same events.
Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thielecke Janika , Buntrock Claudia , Titzler Ingrid , Braun Lina , Freund Johanna , Berking Matthias , Baumeister Harald , Ebert David D 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Farmers have a high risk for depression (MDD). Preventive measures targeting this often remotely living population might reduce depression burden. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized telephone coaching in reducing depressive symptom severity and preventing MDD in farmers compared to enhanced treatment as usual (TAU + ). Methods In a two-armed, pragmatic randomized controlled trial ( N = 314) with post-treatment at 6 months, farming entrepreneurs, collaborating family members and pensioners with elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) were randomized to personalized telephone coaching or TAU + . The coaching was provided by psychologists and consists on average of 13 (±7) sessions a 48 min (±15) over 6 months. The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity (QIDS-SR16). Results Coaching participants showed a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptom severity compared to TAU + ( d = 0.39). Whereas reliable symptom deterioration was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to TAU + , no significant group differences were found for reliable improvement and in depression onset. Further significant effects in favor of the intervention group were found for stress ( d = 0.34), anxiety ( d = 0.30), somatic symptoms ( d = 0.39), burnout risk ( d = 0.24–0.40) and quality of life ( d = 0.28). Discussion Limiting, we did not apply an upper cutoff score for depressive symptom severity or controlled for previous MDD episodes, leaving open whether the coaching was recurrence/relapse prevention or early treatment. Nevertheless, personalized telephone coaching can effectively improve mental health in farmers. It could play an important role in intervening at an early stage of mental health problems and reducing disease burden related to MDD. Trial registration number and trial register German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00015655
The hospitalization burden of inflammatory bowel disease in China: a nationwide study from 2013 to 2018
Authors: He Yi-Ming , Mao Ren , Yuan Gang , Liang Rui-Ming , Long Jian-Yan , Ye Xiao-Qi , Iacucci Marietta , Ghosh Subrata , Ben-Horin Shomron , Kaplan Gilaad G. , He Yao , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Peng Sui , Wang Hai-Bo , Chen Min-Hu 
Published: June 2022

Background: The past decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China. The nationwide burden of hospitalization remains unclear, however. We aimed to address this gap by conducting analysis using a nationwide database. Methods: Population-based hospitalization rates from 2013 to 2018 were calculated by extrapolating the number of patients in the database to the national level. Surgical rates, annual hospital charges, and length of stay were also used for quantification of hospitalization burden. The Poisson regression analysis and the Cochran–Armitage trend test were conducted to analyze temporal trends as expressed as annual percentage of change (APC) with 95% confidential intervals (CIs). Results: From 2013 to 2018, the hospitalization rates for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in China increased from 2.20 (95% CI = 2.17–2.22) to 3.62 (3.59–3.65) per 100,000 inhabitants ( p < 0.0001) with an APC of 10.68% (6.00–15.36%) and from 6.24 (6.20–6.28) to 8.29 (8.23–8.33) per 100,000 inhabitants ( p < 0.0001) with an APC of 5.73% (2.32–9.15%), respectively. Surgical rates decreased from 7.96% (7.29–8.63%) to 5.56% (5.11–6.00%) for CD patients ( p < 0.0001) with APC of −6.30% (−11.33 to −1.27%) and from 3.54% (3.26–3.82%) to 2.52% (2.32–2.72%) for UC patients ( p < 0.0001) with APC of −6.35% (−16.21 to 3.51). In 2018, there were estimated 166,000 IBD patients hospitalized costing a total of $426.37 million ($149.91 + $276.46 million) across the entire China. Conclusion: The population-based hospitalization rate of IBD increased, whereas the surgical rate decreased from 2013 to 2018 in China.
Explainable Machine Learning for Real-Time Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Prediction and Personalized Control Recommendations
Authors: Duckworth Christopher , Guy Matthew J. , Kumaran Anitha , O’Kane Aisling Ann , Ayobi Amid , Chapman Adriane , Marshall Paul , Boniface Michael 
Published: June 2022

Background: The occurrences of acute complications arising from hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia peak as young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) take control of their own care. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices provide real-time glucose readings enabling users to manage their control proactively. Machine learning algorithms can use CGM data to make ahead-of-time risk predictions and provide insight into an individual’s longer term control. Methods: We introduce explainable machine learning to make predictions of hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) and hyperglycemia (>270 mg/dL) up to 60 minutes ahead of time. We train our models using CGM data from 153 people living with T1D in the CITY (CGM Intervention in Teens and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes)survey totaling more than 28 000 days of usage, which we summarize into (short-term, medium-term, and long-term) glucose control features along with demographic information. We use machine learning explanations (SHAP [SHapley Additive exPlanations]) to identify which features have been most important in predicting risk per user. Results: Machine learning models (XGBoost) show excellent performance at predicting hypoglycemia (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC]: 0.998, average precision: 0.953) and hyperglycemia (AUROC: 0.989, average precision: 0.931) in comparison with a baseline heuristic and logistic regression model. Conclusions: Maximizing model performance for glucose risk prediction and management is crucial to reduce the burden of alarm fatigue on CGM users. Machine learning enables more precise and timely predictions in comparison with baseline models. SHAP helps identify what about a CGM user’s glucose control has led to predictions of risk which can be used to reduce their long-term risk of complications.
CIC-39Na reverses the thrombocytopenia that characterizes tubular aggregate myopathy
Authors: Cordero-Sanchez Celia , Pessolano Emanuela , Riva Beatrice , Vismara Mauro , Trivigno Silvia Maria Grazia , Clemente Nausicaa , Aprile Silvio , Ruffinatti Federico Alessandro , Portararo Paola , Filigheddu Nicoletta , Zaggia Ivan , Bhela Irene P. , Serafini Marta , Pirali Tracey , Colombo Mario P. , Torti Mauro , Sangaletti Sabina , Bertoni Alessandra , Genazzani Armando A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+-entry is a cellular mechanism that governs the replenishment of intracellular stores of Ca2+ upon depletion caused by the opening of intracellular Ca2+-channels. Gain-of-function mutations of the 2 key proteins of store-operated Ca2+-entry, STIM1 and ORAI1, are associated with several ultra-rare diseases clustered as tubular aggregate myopathies. Our group has previously demonstrated that a mouse model bearing the STIM1 p.I115F mutation recapitulates the main features of the STIM1 gain-of-function disorders: muscle weakness and thrombocytopenia. Similar findings have been found in other mice bearing different mutations on STIM1. At present, no valid treatment is available for these patients. In the present contribution, we report that CIC-39Na, a store-operated Ca2+-entry inhibitor, restores platelet number and counteracts the abnormal bleeding that characterizes these mice. Subtle differences in thrombopoiesis were observed in STIM1 p.I115F mice, but the main difference between wild-type and STIM1 p.I115F mice was in platelet clearance and in the levels of platelet cytosolic basal Ca2+. Both were restored on treatment of animals with CIC-39Na. This finding paves the way to a pharmacological treatment strategy for thrombocytopenia in tubular aggregate myopathy patients.
Hematopoietic stem cell boost for persistent neutropenia after CAR T-cell therapy: a GLA/DRST study
Authors: Gagelmann Nico , Wulf Gerald Georg , Duell Johannes , Glass Bertram , van Heteren Pearl , von Tresckow Bastian , Fischer Monika , Penack Olaf , Ayuk Francis , Einsele Herrmann , Holtick Udo , Thomson Julia , Dreger Peter , Kröger Nicolaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hematotoxicity after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is associated with infection and death but management remains unclear. We report results of 31 patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell boost (HSCB; 30 autologous, 1 allogeneic) for either sustained severe neutropenia of grade 4 (&lt;0.5 × 109/L), sustained moderate neutropenia (≤1.5 × 109/L) and high risk of infection, or neutrophil count ≤2.0 × 109/L and active infection. Median time from CAR T-cell therapy to HSCB was 43 days and median absolute neutrophil count at time of HSCB was 0.2. Median duration of neutropenia before HSCB was 38 days (range, 7-151). Overall neutrophil response rate (recovery or improvement) was observed in 26 patients (84%) within a median of 9 days (95% confidence interval, 7-14). Time to response was significantly associated with the duration of prior neutropenia (P = .007). All nonresponders died within the first year after HSCB. One-year overall survival for all patients was 59% and significantly different for neutropenia (≤38 days; 85%) vs neutropenia &gt;38 days before HSCB (44%; P = .029). In conclusion, early or prophylactic HSCB showed quick response and improved outcomes for sustained moderate to severe neutropenia after CAR-T.
Combining QTL mapping and gene co-expression network analysis for prediction of candidate genes and molecular network related to yield in wheat
Authors: Wei Jun , Fang Yu , Jiang Hao , Wu Xing-ting , Zuo Jing-hong , Xia Xian-chun , Li Jin-quan , Stich Benjamin , Cao Hong , Liu Yong-xiu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop. Increasing grain yield for wheat is always a priority. Due to the complex genome of hexaploid wheat with 21 chromosomes, it is difficult to identify underlying genes by traditional genetic approach. The combination of genetics and omics analysis has displayed the powerful capability to identify candidate genes for major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), but such studies have rarely been carried out in wheat. In this study, candidate genes related to yield were predicted by a combined use of linkage mapping and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in a recombinant inbred line population.

Results
QTL mapping was performed for plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and seed traits. A total of 68 QTLs were identified for them, among which, 12 QTLs were stably identified across different environments. Using RNA sequencing, we scanned the 99,168 genes expression patterns of the whole spike for the recombinant inbred line population. By the combined use of QTL mapping and WGCNA, 29, 47, 20, 26, 54, 46 and 22 candidate genes were predicted for PH, SL, kernel length (KL), kernel width, thousand kernel weight, seed dormancy, and seed vigor, respectively. Candidate genes for different traits had distinct preferences. The known PH regulation genes Rht-B and Rht-D, and the known seed dormancy regulation genes TaMFT can be selected as candidate gene. Moreover, further experiment revealed that there was a SL regulatory QTL located in an interval of about 7 Mbp on chromosome 7A, named TaSL1, which also involved in the regulation of KL.

Conclusions
A combination of QTL mapping and WGCNA was applied to predicted wheat candidate genes for PH, SL and seed traits. This strategy will facilitate the identification of candidate genes for related QTLs in wheat. In addition, the QTL TaSL1 that had multi-effect regulation of KL and SL was identified, which can be used for wheat improvement. These results provided valuable molecular marker and gene information for fine mapping and cloning of the yield-related trait loci in the future.