bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Conversational Chasm: A Primer on Natural Language Processing for Multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems
Authors: Razumovskaia Evgeniia , Glavas Goran , Majewska Olga , Ponti Edoardo M. , Korhonen Anna , Vulic Ivan 
Published: July 2022

In task-oriented dialogue (ToD), a user holds a conversation with an artificial agent with the aim of completing a concrete task. Although this technology represents one of the central objectives of AI and has been the focus of ever more intense research and development efforts, it is currently limited to a few narrow domains (e.g., food ordering, ticket booking) and a handful of languages (e.g., English, Chinese). This work provides an extensive overview of existing methods and resources in multilingual ToD as an entry point to this exciting and emerging field. We find that the most critical factor preventing the creation of truly multilingual ToD systems is the lack of datasets in most languages for both training and evaluation. In fact, acquiring annotations or human feedback for each component of modular systems or for data-hungry end-to-end systems is expensive and tedious. Hence, state-of-the-art approaches to multilingual ToD mostly rely on (zero- or few-shot) cross-lingual transfer from resource-rich languages (almost exclusively English), either by means of (i) machine translation or (ii) multilingual representations. These approaches are currently viable only for typologically similar languages and languages with parallel / monolingual corpora available. On the other hand, their effectiveness beyond these boundaries is doubtful or hard to assess due to the lack of linguistically diverse benchmarks (especially for natural language generation and end-to-end evaluation). To overcome this limitation, we draw parallels between components of the ToD pipeline and other NLP tasks, which can inspire solutions for learning in low-resource scenarios. Finally, we list additional challenges that multilinguality poses for related areas (such as speech, fluency in generated text, and human-centred evaluation), and indicate future directions that hold promise to further expand language coverage and dialogue capabilities of current ToD systems.
Retroperitoneal abscess as a rare disease: clinical case
Authors: Shlyapina Kristina S. , Ahunova Raushania A. , Styazkina Svetlana N. , Abramovich A. A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective. To monitor the dynamics of the patient status, to investigate the quality and nature of the received therapeutic care for patients with retroperitoneal abscess.
Materials and methods. The literature on retroperitoneal abscess as well as a medical record of an ambulatory patient diagnosed retroperitoneal abscess was studied and analyzed.
Results. The study of this pathology helped us to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and choose a treatment method. Treatment helped all patients; no complications were observed.
Conclusions. The quality and nature of treatment received by doctors meet the necessary requirements helping a patient to improve the quality of life.
Preclinical acoustic efficiency evaluation of bionic ear
Authors: Arutyunov S. D. , Yuzhakov A. A. , Bezukladnikov I. I. , Astashina N. B. , Elovikov A. M. , Baydarov A. A. , Mayorov P. V. 
Published: July 2022

Objective. To study the major acoustic properties of the prototype of bionic ear developed in order to confirm its functional performance.
Materials and methods. Acoustic properties of the bionic ear were measured using Random Phase MultiSine signal in a test bench, which simulated the implant-emitter-osseous tissue-inner ear system. The resulting pulse response was converted to the target characteristics: FR and group lag. Experiments were carried out for -6dB signal level, 10 times for each of the methods used.
Results. Microtia is a congenital auricular hypoplasia or aplasia (anotia) which often involves impairment or total loss of hearing. One way to rehabilitate this type of patients is to use bone-conducting apparatuses (bone anchored hearing aids), which allow to compensate for the functional component but not to restore facial aesthetics. This paper deals with major acoustic properties of the prototype bionic ear we have previously developed, in order to confirm its functional performance for clinical use. Our analysis of acoustic characteristics of the bionic ear system showed the frequency response was uniform enough in extended voice frequency range (100 to 10000 Hz). The experimental research demonstrated that operating time of the prototype bionic ear to battery depletion is 10 h 26 min with 25 % amplification, 10 h 05 min with 50 % amplification, 9 h 48 min with 75 % amplification.
Thus, the acoustic characteristics of the vibratory emitter were determined, which confirmed that the bionic artificial ear was eligible for clinical testing.
Conclusions. Major frequency response of the vibratory emitter was measured, and confirmed that preclinical studies were successful and the bionic ear was eligible for clinical testing.
Changes in lipid metabolism among patients with seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Elkin V. D. , Kobernik M. Yu. , Sedova T. G. , Borodina E. N. , Kuznetsov I. D. 
Published: July 2022

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of metabolic and hormonal changes in patients with seborrheic dermatitis depending on age. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs as a result of impaired sebum production and the addition of the yeast fungus Malassezia furfur. Disorders of the endocrine, immune and nervous systems of the body can contribute to the development of dermatosis; sexual and age characteristics are also important. Malassezia furfur influences changes in the biochemical composition of sebum and supports the inflammatory response, exacerbating pathogenetic changes.
Materials and methods. The study involved 62 patients with seborrheic dermatitis, who formed two groups: group I consisted of 32 patients aged 2030 years; group II 30 patients aged 4050 years. The groups were comparable by gender (men) and social status; all were residents of the Perm Region. The exclusion criteria were the presence of proved cardiovascular and endocrine pathology, malignant neoplasms, liver and kidney failure, HIV infection, autoimmune diseases. The study consisted of an assessment of the general condition and dermatological status as well as laboratory methods, including general blood and urine tests and biochemical blood analysis with indicators of the lipid spectrum, carbohydrate metabolism, liver enzymes and male sex hormones.
Results. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis aged 2030 years, the level of blood lipids was within physiological values. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis older than 40 years, the lipid metabolism disorders were noted, especially an increase in cholesterol, LDL and atherogenicity index. No significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism, liver enzymes, hyperandrogenemia were observed in both groups, no significant difference between the studied groups according to these criteria was revealed.
Conclusions. At young age, seborrheic dermatitis in men develops without significant metabolic disorders. Seborrheic dermatitis in men over 40, is mainly accompanied by hyperlipidemia; such patients need additional examinations and observation by a cardiologist.
Standard determination of clinical case of measles in conditions of its elimination
Authors: Semerikov V. V. , Vorobyova N. N. , Postanogova N. O. , Okishev M. A. , Uvarova E. Yu. , Nebolsina A. P. , Metelkina N. A. , Sofronova L. V. , Nikolaev A. V. 
Published: July 2022

Objective. To develop a standard determination of a clinical case of measles in conditions of its elimination.
Materials and methods. The study included 28 patients with measles (main group) and 30 with infectious mononucleosis (comparison group). By means of correlation analysis, among clinicolaboratory indicators there was determined a list of clinical signs, which statistically significantly were more often identified in patients with measles compared to patients with infectious mononucleosis. The mathematical model was developed using the method of logistic regression, which helped to single out the most qualitative binary classifiers directly connected with diagnostic probability of measles. Sensitivity and specificity of the obtained model were calculated. For statistical processing IBM SPSS Statistics 26 was used.
Results. To carry out a standard determination of a clinical case of measles with the presence of combined clinicolaboratory symptoms, the mathematical model was developed, described by the following equation: р=1/(1+е-z) 100, where z=71,7+36,8 Х dry cough +53,5 Х maculo-papular rash +17,6 Х damages of eyes in the form of conjunctivitis and/or sclerite. Taking into account the regression coefficient values, such clinicolaboratory symptoms as maculo-papular rash, damages of eyes in the form of conjunctivitis and/or sclerite were directly connected with diagnostic probability of the diagnosis Measles. The determination coefficient of the obtained model was R2 = 0,97, p 0,001. The sensitivity of the model was 96.4 %, specificity 100 %, efficiency 98 %.
Conclusions. In conditions of measles elimination, the combination of maculo-papular rash, damages of eyes in the form of conjunctivitis and/or sclerite allows confirming the clinical diagnosis of measles with the probability of 98 %.
Changes in double-cortin immunoreactive neurons in the prefrontal cortex of male rat following chronic khat use
Authors: Karau Paul Bundi , Odula Paul , Obimbo Moses , Ogonda-Ihunwo Amadi , Pilani Nkomozepi , Karau Muriira 
Published: July 2022

: Chronic use of khat has been associated with neurocognitive changes. Among the cells affected and responsible for the changes in cognition are immature neurons. This study aims to outline the changes in histomorphometry of immature neurons on chronic use of khat. Young adult wistar rats were randomized into controls, and three experimental groups to receive 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg crude khat extracts respectively. After 6 weeks the animals were sacrificed and their brains removed. We performed immunohistochemical visualization of immature neurons using double-cortin staining. Photomicrographs of the stained sections were transferred to Image J-Fiji software to study the staining neurons. We used Kruskal-Wallis test to correlate the four animal groups in terms of astrocyte densities. Double-cortin immunoreactive neurons were observed in all animal groups, and an increase in the number and complexity of the neurons was noted in khat-fed rats compared to controls, with the highest concentration noted in low dose khat (500mg/kg) compared to controls (p&#60;0.04). Higher doses of khat were associated with an increase in immunoreactive neurons, but no statistical difference compared to controls. Khat use may cause an increase in immature neurons possibly due to neuronal damage with attempts at repair.
A study to determine age at menarche and its relationship with nutritional and socio-demographic status in selected government schools Belagavi, Karnataka: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Belavaneki Mangala , Kour Harpreet 
Published: July 2022

Menarche is the occurrence of first menstrual blood flow or menses in a female adolescent. Nutritional status and socio-demographic status plays an important role in the attainment of menarche. Girls with good nutritional status will get menarche in proper age compared to malnutrition girls and overweight girls. Both excess nutritional intake and insufficient nutritional intake will greatly affect the age at menarche.To determine the age at menarche and to find the nutritional profile of adolescent school girls from selected government schools, Belagavi. It is to find an association between age at menarche and nutritional profile, and socio-demographic factors. Cross sectional study done in 116 adolescent girls of age group between 11-16 years in selected government schools in Belagavi. 15 schools were selected by simple random sampling from each school 8 girls were selected using systematic random sampling. Data entry was done using the Microsoft office tools and analysis was done using IBM SPSS 21. The average age at menarche was 12.4±1.0 years. The majority of the participants' BMI was normal, i.e., 56 (48.28%), and 53 (45.69%) participants were underweighted. 99 (85.3%) of the participants are from an upper-middle-class family. The present study concluded that the mean age at menarche was 12.4±1.0 years. There was no significant association between menarcheal age and sociodemographic status or anthropometric measurements, but there was an association between menarcheal age and body aches and nutritional status. Good nutritional status declines the age at menarche.
In silico Discovery of Potential Natural Inhibitors against Trypanothione Synthetase in Canine leishmaniasis
Authors: Sahoo Pravas Ranjan , Pashupathi M. , Patra Ritun , . Anika , . Komal , Kumar Ajay 
Published: July 2022

Background: Leishmania infantum, one important intracellular parasite causes most potentially lethal diseases such as leishmaniasis i.e. Visceral leishmaniasis in dogs. Although certain chemical drugs such as pentostam, amphotericin B, miltefosine have been trailed against this disease, but all these drugs induced antibiotic resistance and toxicity in the host. Further, the trypanothione synthetase, a key enzyme of this parasite which catalyzes a reaction, maintaining thiol redox within the cell. Methods: The binding study was carried out with selected natural/synthetic phytocompounds/drugs against the modeled trypanothione synthetase though molecular docking. Result: The generated protein model with lowest discrete potential energy (DOPE) -19960.97 was found good in quality with z score of -5.19 and quality factor of 61.83% and it was found that the natural inhibitors glycyrrhetic acid (GRA) and Theaflavin (TFN) showed highest binding energies of -7.34 and -6.95 Kcal/mol. This study may be concluded that the natural inhibitors glycyrrhetic acid (GRA) and Theaflavin (TFN) would be potential regimen in treatment of canine leishmaniasis.
When treating medial patellar luxation in dogs is a block trochleoplasty superior over a wedge trochleoplasty?
Authors: Norell Candetoft Maria 
Published: July 2022

PICO question
As part of the surgical correction for medial patellar luxation in dogs, which procedure results in a better outcome for the patient: block or wedge recession trochleoplasty?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Three studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for answering the PICO; one cadaver study, one retrospective observational study and one clinical case series
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
Postoperative complications including reluxation rates.
Ex vivo: Trochlear groove depth, patella articular contact, percentage of recessed trochlear surface area, resistance to medial patella luxation
Conclusion
There is only weak evidence to support block recession trochleoplasty over wedge recession trochleoplasty as part of the surgical correction for medial patella luxation in dogs. Both procedures are associated with a good clinical outcome. There are some proposed benefits to trochlear block recession made from an ex vivo study comparing the two procedures. These include an increased patellar volume under the trochlear ridges when the stifle is extended. The articular contact and recessed trochlear surface area were also increased in the trochlear block recession group when compared to trochlear wedge recession. However, the clinical relevance of these perceived benefits remains unproven. In practice, and until prospective randomised controlled trials are carried out, veterinary surgeon preference and previous experience remain relevant factors in choosing which procedure to perform

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
EFEKTIVITAS METODE EKSPERIMEN DALAM PENGGUNAAN KOMPONEN INSTRUMEN TERPADU TERMODINAMIKA
Authors: M. Si Heriansyah , Widodo Eko Slamaet 
Published: July 2022

Proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung selama ini masih menjadikan siswa sebagai penerima informasi atau siswaanya menja diobjek dalam pembelajaran. Pembelajaran di kelas biasanya diarahkan kepada kemampuan siswa untuk menghafal informasi sebanyak-banyaknya tanpa dituntut untuk memahami informasi yang diingatnya.Sehingga siswa kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa tidak mencapai hasil yang diharapkan. Salah satu upaya yang bias dilakukan guru agar siswa lebih aktif dalam belajar adalah melalui Metode Eksperimen Dengan Menggunakan KIT (Komponen Instrumen Terpadu) Termodinamika. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar hasil belajar siswa lebih baik, khususnya pada materi Termodinamika. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XIA dan XIC SMA Negeri 1 Sungai liat tahun pelajaran 2010/2011 yang berjumlah 43 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah true eksperimen tipe posttest-only control design .Variabel dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan KIT (Komponen Instrumen Terpadu) dan hasil belajar siswa setelah penggunaan Metode Eksperimen Dengan Menggunakan KIT (Komponen Instrumen Terpadu) Termodinamika. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes.Data yang diperoleh dari hasil tes yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t. Dari hasilpenelitian, dengan pengaruh Metode Eksperimen Dengan Menggunakan KIT (Komponen Instrumen Terpadu)Termodinamika didapat hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen pada test akhir dengan rata-rata 79 dan kelas control dengan rata-rata 71.
APLIKASI PENDEKATAN STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMEDIA
Authors: Rodya Ella 
Published: July 2022

Dalam proses belajar mengajar yang berlangsung di SMP N 07 Palembang siswa cendrung kurang aktif, dikarenakan siswa menganggap mata pelajaran fisika tergolong sulit dipahami, sehingga berdampak pada hasil belajar fisika siswa. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini maka peneliti mencoba menerapkan model pembelajaran STAD(Student Team Achievement Division) dengan menggunakan multimedia yang diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa selama dan setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran STAD.Variabel dalam penelitian adalah aktivitas belajar siswa dan hasil belajar siswa pada penerapan model pembelajaran STAD pada mata pelajaran fisika di SMP N 07 Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu, dan menggunakan teknik observasi dan tes. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa aktivitas belajar siswa selama diterapkan model pembelajaran STAD tergolong aktif dan hasil belajar siswa di peroleh nilai rata-rata siswa pada kelas VIII.6 yaitu mencapai nilai 81,5 dengan kategori baik.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Index Card Match Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Seprianto Seprianto 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar skor signifikansi pengaruh penggunaan metode Index Card Match terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Keliling Danau Kabupaten Kerinci. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis komparasional yaitu uji beda rata-rata dengan “t” Test. Adapun yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII­­­B. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan tes. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunaan metode Index Card Match terhadap hasil belajar fisika pada mata pelajaran cahaya di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 3 Keliling Danau Kabupaten Kerinci. Dimana diperoleh t­o sebesar 4,076 sedangkan tt 2,06 dan 2,78 sehingga to lebih besar dari tt maka Hipotesis Alternatif diterima.

Kata Kunci: Metode, Index Card Match, Hasil Belajar
Variasi Bentuk Bandul Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Peserta Didik Dalam Penentuan Nilai Gravitasi Bumi Pada Ayunan Sederhana
Authors: Widya Herma 
Published: July 2022

Bandul matematis adalah alat yang paling sederhana untuk digunakan dalam praktikum menentukan nilai gravitasi bumi. Pada percobaan penentuan nilai gravitasi bumi yang sering dilakukan oleh peserta didik biasanya menggunakan bandul bulat. Penelitian ini menggunakan bandul dengan variasi bentuk dalam percobaan penentuan nilai gravitasi bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik pada materi ayunan sederhana dengan variasi bentuk bandul. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimen dengan dengan desain one group pretest posttest., tehnik pengumpulan data dengan tes.
Identifikasi Tingkat KPS Mahasiswa Praktikum Pembiasan Kaca Plan Paralel Menggunakan Panduan Praktikum Berbasis E-Modul
Authors: Dari Retno Wulan , Nasih Neng Ria 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat KPS Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jambi pada praktikum Pembiasan pada kaca plan paralel fisika dasar II terhadap penggunaan e-module. jenis penelitian adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif. kuantitatif. penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober tahun 2019. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah seluruh mahasiswa pendidikan fisika angkatan 2018 yang berjumlah 40 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel, yaitu total sampling. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi keterampilan proses sains yang sudah divalidasi. Data keterampilan proses sains yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Pada penelitian KPS Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jambi pada praktikum pembiasan kaca plan paralel dengan menggunakan e-modul menunjukan bahwa tingkat keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa tergolong pada tingkatan yang sangat baik. Hasil dari penelitian yang diperoleh masuk ke kriteria sangat baik mahasiswa mampu melakukan percobaan secara terampil dan benar misalnya, mahasiswa terampil dalam mengobservasi, mengukur, menganalisis percobaan dan melakukan percobaan. Jadi pengunaan e-modul dapat meningkatkan tingkat keterampilan proses mahasiswa dalam melaksanakan kegiatan prtaktikum