bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leafminer Control on Tomato in West-Central Florida, Fall 1987
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 3 Sep, 18 inches apart on 2.5 ft wide by 6 inches high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were made 13, 20, 27 Oct, 4, 10, 17 and 24 Nov with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 110-135 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). Experimental treatments requiring soil application were made 21 Sep by removing the plastic mulch, applying the treatment at 70 gal/acre, recovering the soil beds with plastic mulch and transplanting. All plots were sprayed with Lahnate 1.8 L at 0.45 lb (AI)/acre on 23, 27 Oct, 5, 9 and 18 Nov for control of armyworms. On 30 Oct and 16 Nov, the numbers of large (greater than 0.5 inch in length) and small (0.5 inch or less) leafmines were counted during a 2 min search per plot. From 30 Nov to 4 Dec, the number of living and dead leafminer larvae were counted on the terminal three leaflets of the seventh leaf from the top of one branch/plant/plot. Fruit were harvested from all plots on 1 Dec and again from soil treatment plots on 14 Dec. The number and weight of fruit were determined and yield data for the 2 harvest dates for the soil treatments were combined.
Tomato Fruitworm Control, 1988
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Sunny' tomatoes were transplanted 11 May, near Benson, NC on 60 inch centers. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long, separated by 5 ft alleys, and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Black plastic mulch and trickle irrigation were used in all plots. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18 X). Application rate was 54 gal/acre delivered at 60 psi. Applications were made 23 Jun, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 Jul, 11, 18, 25 Aug, 1, 8, and 15 Sep. Fruit was harvested and the percent damaged or infested determined on 11, 20, 27 Jul, 3, 17, 25, 30 Aug, 6, 13, and 21 Sep.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1989
Authors: Chen Chien-Chung , Radcliffe E. B. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on 2-yr-old alfalfa stand at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots measuring 22 by 75 ft were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 27 May with a tractor-drawn 22 ft boom sprayer delivering 23 gal/acre at 40 psi. Insects were sampled at 4, 9, and 16 DAT by taking 40 pendulum sweeps/plot with a 38- cm-diam sweep net. All treatments were applied between 0900-1200 hrs with temperature averaging 60°F and a windspeed &lt;5 mph. Pretreatment AW counts on 27 May averaged 121 larvae/40 sweeps.
Alfalfa Insect Control—2nd Crop, 1989
Authors: Hutchison W. D. , Lee J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 2-yr-old alfalfa stand on the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at Rosemount. Plots measuring 40 by 35 ft were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 15 Jul with a tractor-drawn 22-ft boom sprayer delivering 23 gal/acre at 40 psi. At the time of application, between 0900-1200 h, temperature averaged 78°F and windspeed &lt;5 mph.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1989
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 2-yr-old stand of'Cimarron' variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 ft by 36 ft, and all treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gal total vol/acre. Treatments were applied Apr 21 with a low-pressure low-volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 SS8003 Teejet nozzles and operated at 35 psi. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 3, 7, 11, 17, and 21 DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net. A standard treatment of Furadan 4 F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1989
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi Hassan , Kinney Karl , Steffey Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 3-yr-old stand during the first alfalfa growth period at the University of Illinois Phillips Tract Farm. Plots were 40 by 45 ft with 4 replications of treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 3 May from a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 20.7 gal/acre at 30 psi through a 20-ft boom equipped with flat fan nozzles (Teejet XR8002) spaced 20 inches apart. Nufllm adjuvant was mixed with MYX 5092. AW abundance was estimated by taking 10 pendulum sweeps and 10 individual stems in each plot at 3, 7, 14, and 21 DAT. Alfalfa stem length and plant maturity (n = 30) were recorded at 14, 22, 40 DAT and 16 d after harvest. Forage yield was determined from a 3.2 by 45 ft swath taken from each plot on 14 Jun. Subsamples of the strip-harvested hay were used for weed yield and crude protein determinations. Before analysis, AW counts were transformed by log (x + 0.5).
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1989
Authors: Whalen J. , Spellman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 4-yr-old alfalfa stand at the Delaware State College farm in Dover. Plots were 10 by 25 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied on 20 Apr with a CO2-pressurized ATV 4-wheeled sprayer delivering 17 gal/acre at 40 psi on 12-inch-tall alfalfa. AW density was evaluated prior to treatment and at 4, 7 and 14 DAT by collecting 10 stems from each plot and counting the larvae per stem.
Sod Webworm Prevention in Corn, 1987
Authors: Bing James W. , Foster D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Yellow field corn was slot-planted in atrazine/2,4-D treated sod using 38-inch rows and a seed drop of 22,000 seeds/acre. The sod was dead at the time of insecticide application. Fields in the vicinity of the study area, 1 mile south of Delphos, Ringgold Co. IA, had a history of sod webworm infestations. Plots were planted on 3 May. Test 1 utilized a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots measured 12 rows by 75 ft. Broadcast applications were made on 5 May using a 10-ft boom sprayer mounted on a Honda ACT 110 and equipped with Tee-Jet 8004 LP nozzles spaced 20 inches apart. Spray was delivered at 21 psi and 20 gal/acre using CO2 as a propellant. Banded applications differed only in that Tee-Jet 8003 E nozzles were spaced 38 inches apart to deliver a 12-inch band centered over each row. Stand and damage counts were taken from 18.0 row ft in the center of each of the 2 middle rows in each plot. Damage determinations were made as in Test 2. All data were normalized before analysis with a SQRT (x = 1.0) transformation. Test 2 used Magnum slurried onto Pioneer 3377 at 8 oz/bu. Magnum treated seed was placed in 4 adjacent boxes of an 8-row planter. Ten rounds were planted, resulting in 20 alternating treated and untreated strips each 8 rows wide. Data were collected by measuring 300 ft into the field then examining plants in the next 18 row ft of the 2 center rows in each strip. Stand counts taken on 11 May showed no significant differences. Efficacy data taken on 21 May were determined by counting the number of sod webworm damaged plants per sampling area.
Bran Bait Efficacy for Control of Grasshoppers in South Dakota, 1989
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Bergland D. R. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two bran bait studies were conducted in 1 m2 screen field cages. Bran bait at a 2.0 lb/acre rate was placed uniformly within cages on 29 Jul. The first study used 20 twostriped grasshoppers/cage on 29 Jul with 4 seedling corn plants (20 cm). In the second study, 20 redlegged grasshoppers were placed in cages on 18 Aug containing freshly mowed Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment mortality counts were made 5 and 4 d postapplication in cages containing corn and bluegrass, respectively. The second study evaluated Dimilin, and live grasshoppers were counted 14 d postapplication. A completely random design with 4 samples/treatment was used for both studies. Data were analyzed using the General Linear.
Miticide Efficacy Trial, 1989
Authors: Dick G. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. , Buschman L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a furrow-irrigated corn field at the Southwest Research-Extension Center. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows wide (10 ft), 50 ft long with a 10 ft border of untreated corn on each side and a 10 ft alley between plots. Prior to treatment, 2 plants in each of the 2 center rows of each plot were flagged. The natural field population of spider mites was augmented by attaching small sections of corn leaves infested with BGM from a nearby corn field to these 4 flagged plants on 27 Jul. Pretreatment counts in the untreated check and Avid plots were made on 4 Aug. All other pre-treatment counts were made on 8 Aug by visually searching all leaves (whole plant) on the flagged plants for large (adult female) mites. Treatments were applied on 10 Aug (except Avid which was applied on 7 Aug) with a high clearance sprayer using a 10 ft boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (one nozzle directly over the row and one on each side of the row on 18 inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre using a ground speed of 2.3 mph and 30 psi. Posttreatment counts were made on 15 and 28 Aug by searching one half of every other leaf (one quarter plant) on the flagged plants. Mite counts were converted to mites/plant for analyses and presentation. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing the mean number of mites/plant among treatments using SAS Proc ANOVA and by comparing pretreatment means with post-treatment means using the Henderson and Tilton formula. The spider mite species composition which was present during the test was evaluated by collecting several mites from the flagged plants in each plot with a vacuum sampler on 18 Aug and mounting them on glass slides for microscopic determination of species.
Corn Rootworm Control, Reduced Rates, 1987
Authors: Jarvi Keith 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine soil insecticides were applied at the fully labeled rate at planting time and 2 reduced rates at first cultivation time at Concord, NE. The test plot was planted 8 May in a continuous corn field with a silty clay loam type. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Each treatment consisted of a single 50-ft-long row; rows were 30 inches apart. Treatments were applied in a 7-inch band by a Noble granular metering unit mounted on a hand-powered bicycle applicator equipped with incorporation tines on 12 May. Cultivation treatments were applied 5 Jun over the row followed immediately by a tractor mounted cultivator. Feeding damage was evaluated 6 Jul. Five roots were dug from each treatment row and rated by the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed).
Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1989
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Gilford J. M. , Spike B. P. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time insecticides for seedcorn maggot control were tested at Ames, IA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to 40-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. The test was conducted in a field that had been planted to alfalfa. During the previous winter and again in the spring, large amounts of cattle manure were applied to the test plot area. The area was spring moldboard plowed, followed by additional applications of manure, and then secondary tillage was done prior to planting. The manure along with the alfalfa provided decaying organic matter to attract ovipositing female flies. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a tractor speed of 4 mph. The applicators were mounted on a 4-row John Deere Max-Emerge 7100 integral planter. Each row was constantly monitored to insure that insecticide was being correctly applied at all times. Drag chains were used for incorporation. Examination of the seeds in the untreated check rows 16 d after planting revealed no damage. At that time, adult emergence traps designed by Funderburk and Pedigo were placed over the rows. The galvanized steel traps, a rectangular bottomless box, had the following dimensions: length 1.0 m, width 0.2 m, and height 0.1 m. Fastened to the top of the trap were two 0.25-liter Mason jars with Tack Trap applied to the inside bottom. Two of these traps were placed over each treatment row. On June 2, the number of seedcorn maggot adults were counted in the collection jars and stand counts were taken. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures.
Black Cutworm Control in Field Corn, 1989
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi Hassan , Kinney Karl , Levin Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Registered and experimental insecticides applied at planting-time and as rescue treatments were evaluated for control of BCW in a cornfield in Champaign, IL. A randomized complete block design was used with each treatment replicated 5 times. Each plot was 4 rows by 40 ft. Corn was planted in rows 30 inches wide on 7 Jun with ca. 26,100 seeds/acre. Planting-time granular insecticides were metered through Noble applicators and were applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band. The single planting-time liquid insecticide (Capture 2 EC) was applied in a 10-inch band at 30 psi and a speed of 5 mph with 8004E even-flat fan nozzles in 39.6 gpa. After plants had reached the one-leaf stage, a 36-ft2 barrier was placed around a portion of the middle two rows of each plot. Plant counts were recorded on 14 Jun. Ten 4th-instar laboratory reared BCW larvae were placed in each arena on 15 Jun. Rescue treatments were broadcast using a 10-foot boom mounted to the rear of a 3020 John Deere tractor. Single XR8004 flat fan nozzles were spaced 20 inches apart on the boom. A compressed-air system was calibrated to deliver 23.4 gpa at a pressure of 40 psi and a speed of 3 mph. The cumulative number of cut plants in each barrier was determined on 16, 18, 20, 22, and 28 Jun. Plant recovery was also recorded on 28 Jun for the planting-time treatments. Data were transformed by arcsine (percentage/100) prior to analysis.
Efficacy of Insecticides and Acaricides Applied to Spider Mites on Blister Stage Field Corn in West Central Nebraska, 19S6
Authors: Seymour Ronald C. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Apollo, Savey, Comite, Thuringensin, Danitol, Capture 2 EC, and Cygon 400 were applied 30 Jul with a CO2-charged back pack sprayer at 30 psi in a total volume of 24 gal/acre. Each treatment was applied to 10 by 24 ft plots, replicated 4 times in a completely random design. Four plants were artificially infested with Banks grass mite and 4 plants with twospotted spider mites by tying 2 infested leaves to each plant. Plots treated with Thuringensin, Danitol, Capture 2 EC and Cygon 400 were infested 8 d prior to application. Plots treated with Apollo, Savey, and Comite were infested 2 d after application. Banks grass mite colony size was rated on the under surface of 7 leaves beginning with the lowest live leaf. Twospotted spider mite colonies and size was rated on the under surface of seven leaves beginning with the third leaf below the ear leaf. These ratings were made using a 0-6 scale where 0 equaled no mites on the leaf, 1 equaled individual mites present, 2 equaled well formed colonies present ... up to 6 where mite colonies were so large that the under side of the leaf was completely covered and the leaf had died due to mite feeding. Plots treated with Thuringiensin, Danitol, Capture 2 EC, and Cygon 400 were also evaluated 1 d pretreatment. All treatments were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 d post-application. Percent control was determined by using Henderson’s formula which takes into account changes in the treated plots compared to changes in the check plots. Spider mite infestation levels for these trials was low for each species. The average pretreatment rating for Banks grass mite was 0.87 and 0.54 for the twospotted mite. The low mite populations could be due to cool, damp weather that occurred shortly after plant infestations. Even though colony conditions were not ideal, treatment differences were detected.
Residual Activity of Granular Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Seymour Ronald C. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Furadan 15 G, Counter 15 G, Thimet 20 G, and Lorsban 15 G were applied 25 Jun at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre to whorl stage corn with & whirlybird applicator. Each treatment was replicated 4 times on 10 by 24 ft plots in a completely randomized experimental design. Sixty flrst-instar larvae were applied with a bazooka applicator to 10 plants in each replication at 1-, 2-, and 3-wk post-treatment. Residual control efficacy for the treatments was determined by counting all live corn borers in stocks split from the root to the tassel on 6 Aug.
Evaluation of Foliar-Applied Fenoxycarb for Tabm Control, 1989
Authors: Hull L. A. , Barrett B. A. , Rajotte E. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 4-tree plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot contained the following cultivars: Delicious, Golden Delicious, Stayman, and Rome Beauty. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Each plot was surrounded by an adjacent 4-tree plot that was treated twice during each brood with a combination of Lannate 1.8 L plus Asana XL to prevent TABM larvae from dispersing onto the treated trees. The trees were planted to a spacing of 12 × 35 ft. Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer, 35 gal/min pump, equipped with a handgun to thoroughly wet the trees. Approximately 4.2 gal of spray was applied/replicate tree (ca. 430 gal/acre). Dates of application for the fenoxycarb treatments were: 19 May, 8 Jun, 27 Jul, 16 Aug; for the Guthion treatment: 5 and 19 Jun, 3 Jul, 1, 14, and 28 Aug. During the experiment, general maintenance sprays of the fungicides Rubigan and Dithane M-45 and calcium chloride as well as 4 alternate-row applications (9, 14, and 23 Jun, 5 Jul) of Swat 8 E (for aphid control) were applied to all plots. Three alternate-row middle applications of Carzol 92 SP, Vendex 4 L and Omite 6 E were made on 26 May, 11 Jul, and 4 Aug, respectively. The effect of the treatments on mites was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree (cv Delicious only), 100 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the mite predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on the tufted apple bud moth was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and one picked sample of approximately 300 apples/tree on all cultivars in late Sep and early Oct. Apple samples averaged 331 apples/tree, 1324 apples/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1989
Authors: Elzen Gary W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 23 May. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch) centers by 30 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were located on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed-air spray system. Trial 1 was applied on 5 Jun and Trial 2 was applied on 21 Jun. Total spray volume was 5 gal/acre at 5 mph and 40 psi using 2 TX6 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated 72-h post-treatment by counting aphids within one square inch at the terminal and one square inch on the under surface of the third leaf from the terminal on 40 randomly chosen plants/treatment.
Ovicide, Larvicide Trials, 1989
Authors: Hopkins S. W. , Hopkins H. B. , Pickel S. L. , Benedict J. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A greenhouse study was conducted at the Texas A&M University Research and Extension Center in Corpus Christi, TX, to measure the efficacy of binary mixtures combining Orthene and 3 pyrethroids against cypermethrin-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) eggs/ neonates of TBW. Treatment efficacy was evaluated on eggs obtained from S and R strains of TBW (from ICI Americas). Cotton was planted in 1 gal pots on 4 Feb. Eggs (less than 24 h old) were placed on the upper surface of separate leaves (16-25 eggs/leaf) located near the shoot terminal of 4 flowering cotton plants/treatment (4 leaves with S eggs, 4 leaves with R eggs) with a camel's hair brush moistened with distilled water. The plants were placed in a row and spray application of each treatment was made 15 min after placement of eggs on leaves. Insecticide treatments were made with a CO2-pressurized (40 psi) backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 4.4 gal/acre through 2, size 3X hollow-cone nozzles/row. All leaves that contained eggs were collected immediately after treatment and placed in covered plastic Petri dishes containing moistened filter paper. The eggs were held for 72-h in the laboratory, then inspected for unhatched eggs and dead or live larvae. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. A replicate consisted of 1 leaf and 16-25 eggs, depending upon the number of eggs remaining on the leaf after removal from the plant and placement in the dish.
Dipel Es and Javelin Combination with Ovicides, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was designed to evaluate ovicide combination with Bacillus thuringiensis formulations and compare control of Heliothis damage in cotton. The cotton cultivar 'G&P 3774' was grown in the manner customary for the region. Plots were 8 rows wide and 40 ft long. Chlordimeform plots were separated from other plots and down wind from prevailing winds to preclude volatile effects of chlordimeform. The chlordimeform plots were arranged in the same block in which they were compared. Other than this exception, the experiment was in a randomized complete block design of 3 replications. Application was by highboy with cone tips on 20 inch centers and applying 10 gal/ acre. Applications were made on 1, 8, 15 and 22 Jul. Damaged squares of bolls were evaluated on 7, 14, 21, 28 Jul and 4 Aug by examining 50 forms/plot. Yields were determined on 6 Sep by stripping 2 center rows with a brush stripper.
Heliothis Control with Javelin and Ovicides, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was established to determine the efficiency of control of Javelin and Javelin combined with ovicides, feeding stimulants, and a growth regulator for control of Heliothis sp. Cotton was planted on 28 Apr. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications with the exception of the chlordimeform (CDF) plots which were separated at least 30 ft downwind from the other treatments. Isolation was necessary to minimize the volatile effects of CDF. Treatments were applied with a standard high-boy with tips 20 inches apart on the boom and delivering 10 gal/acre applied on 28 Jun, 7, 14, and 21 Jul. Damaged squares were estimated by examining 50 squares in each plot on 5, 13, and 20 Jul. Damaged bolls were estimated by examining 50 bolls per plot on 13, 20, 27 Jul, and 3 Aug. Plots were harvested on 31 Aug using a 2 row brush stripper and harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot.