bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Injury and Growth of Tomato Cultivars as Influenced by Ozone Dose and Plant Age1
Authors: Reinert R. A. , Henderson W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six cultures of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were exposed to 3 doses of ozone (O3) at 3 ages. Cultivars exposed to O3 at 2 weeks age ranked differently in sensitivity based on foliar injury than cultivars exposed at 4 and 6 weeks. Cultivars were more sensitive to O3 at 4 than at 6 weeks but sensitivity rankings based on foliar injury were similar. The highest O3 dose significantly inhibited the growth of all cultivars, except ‘Heinz 1439’ at 6 weeks. Cultivar rankings based on average percent change in growth from control plants were more similar at 4 and 6 weeks compared with 2 weeks.
Inheritance of Wood Hardiness among Hybrids of Commercial and Wild Asian Peach Genotypes1
Authors: Cain D. W. , Andersen R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seven clones of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) varying in hardiness, and 5 progenies derived from them were used to study the inheritance of cambium, xylem, and vegetative bud hardiness. Mean progeny cambium and xylem hardiness could be predicted from average parental performance, but vegetative bud hardiness could not. Injury within dates and tissues was highly heritable and environmental variation was very low. Correlations among injury ratings for different tissues, temperatures, and dates were low when based on individual trees indicating poor repeatability of individual genotypes over time. Correlations based on family means were higher. The low correlations based on individual trees indicate that selection based on individual phenotypic performance in a single test might be ineffective.
Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in Abscisic Acid, Water Potential, and Diffusive Resistance in Leaves from Irrigated and Non-irrigated Peach Trees1
Authors: Xiloyannis Cristos , Uriu K. , Martin G. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water potential, diffusive resistance, and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured at 10-12 day intervals from May to October in leaves from irrigated and non-irrigated peach (Prunus persica L. cv. Fay Elberta) trees, and measurements were taken at intervals from sunrise to sunset on September 8. Leaf water potential, before sunrise, was between −5 and −8 bars in irrigated trees during the entire season whether drip irrigated at 100% evapotranspiration (ET) or 50% ET. Non-irrigated trees showed a decrease in pre-dawn leaf water potential with time, following a pattern similar to that of decreasing soil moisture. Leaf water potential values taken during the afternoon were not associated with soil moisture and did not reflect the stressed condition of the trees. In non-irrigated trees stomatal resistance at mid-day increased rapidly after mid-summer as leaf water potential decreased. ABA concentration in leaves from irrigated trees ranged from 30 to 80 ng/g fresh wt during the entire season. In non-irrigated trees the ABA concentration increased sharply after mid-summer; this was associated with an increase in leaf diffusive resistance and a decrease in leaf water potential. Diurnal variations in leaf water potential were associated with changes in soil moisture, air temperature, relative humidity, and stomatal resistance. Leaf diffusive resistances were similar for all treatments until 1100 hr after which a notable increase occurred with increasing stress, ultimately leading to stomatal closure. ABA concentrations in leaves from irrigated and non-irrigated trees increased as leaf diffusive resistance increased; however in stressed trees, high levels of ABA in the morning were not associated with closed stomata.
Translocation of 14C-photosynthate, Carbohydrate Content, and Nitrogen Fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. during Reproductive Development1
Authors: Waters Luther , Breen Patrick J. , Mack Harry J. , Graham Peter H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaves at nodes 4 or 8 of greenhouse grown beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Puelba 152, were briefly exposed to 14CO2 at 35, 48, 63, or 70 days after planting. Prior to flowering, over 85% of the recovered 14C-activity translocated in 24 hours from node 4 was in roots, nodules, and lower stem. At flowering, radioactivity translocated to the lower stem decreased but correspondingly increased in nodules. Roots sequestered 45% of translocated-14C throughout the life of the node-4 leaf. About 80% of the 14C-activity exported from node 8 at flowering was in middle and upper stem sections, but during pod-fill over 85% moved into the pods and less than 1% to the nodulated root system. Starch concentration in the lower stem increased continuously from flowering, but in other plant parts declined after early pod-fill. At mid pod-fill, the concentration of soluble sugars in nodules and roots declined and reached a common value in stem sections. Nitrogen (C2H2) fixation decreased rapidly after peaking at early pod-fill. This decline, which was accompanied by loss of lower leaves, occurred in the presence of a high concentration of starch in the stem.
Water Relations and Related Leaf Characteristics of Healthy and Blight Affected Citrus Trees1
Authors: Syvertsen J. P. , Bausher M. G. , Albrigo L. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Citrus blight or young tree decline, is a wilt-like disease of unknown etiology which is characterized by restricted water movement and an upset in normal zinc distribution patterns. Diurnal leaf and fruit water potentials and leaf stomatal conductances of sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck leaves on trees in various stages of decline were characterized to determine the progression of this disorder. All blight affected trees, regardless of severity of tree condition, had similar diurnal water relations. Blight affected trees have fewer and smaller leaves, less leaf area per tree, lower stomatal conductances, and lower diurnal transpiration rates than healthy trees. These differences did not result in any apparent changes in specific leaf weight, leaf osmotic potentials or in the critical leaf water deficits at which leaf turgor was lost. At equivalent transpirational fluxes, leaf water potential was much lower in blight affected trees than in healthy trees. Therefore, the water stress symptoms associated with blight are related to increased resistances in the water transport system and are not a result of lost stomatal function or changes in water relations characteristics of leaves that remain on blight affected trees.
Sampling Strategies for Estimates of Cluster Weight, Soluble Solids and Acidity of ‘Concord’ Grapes1
Authors: Wolpert James A. , Howell Gordon S. , Cress Charles E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Variability of cluster weight, soluble solids, and titratable acidity of ‘Concord’ grapes (Vitis labruscana Bailey) was quantified with respect to several fixed and random factors. All 3 measurements were affected by cluster position while only cluster weight and soluble solids were affected by sunlight exposure. Estimates of variance components indicated that the greatest percentage variability was among vines. Variance components were used to examine efficient sampling plans that would detect a specified difference at a selected level of Type I error. Graphs illustrate various schemes of sample allocation which would achieve the desired level of precision.
Drainage Requirements for Sweet Potato at Harvest1
Authors: Akparanta S. E. , Skaggs R. W. , Sanders D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Poor drainage resulting in high soil moisture causes wet soil injury in the fleshy roots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam). Sweet potato lines with varying resistance to flood damage were grown in a sandy loam and a silt loam soil and subjected to water table drawdown rates of 5, 20, 35 and 100 cm/day for 7 days prior to harvest. Decay increased with time after harvest and decreasing drawdown rate. ‘Julian’ had the longest postharvest keeping quality for the various drainage rates applied and there was no difference in keeping quality between soils. ‘Centennial’ was intermediate, showing wet soil damage with lower drainage rates and the damage was higher on the silt loam than on the sandy loam soil. NC 257 showed high wet soil injury for all drainage rates with greater injury in the finer textured soil. Decay of the roots was greater in 1976 than in 1975 for all genetic sources. pH, titratable acidity and soluble K were well correlated with decay in 1975 but not in 1976.
Growth Responses and Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of ‘Fordhook 242’ Lima Beans as Affected by Fertilizer Treatment and Plant Stand1
Authors: Smith Cyril B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Fordhook 242’ lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) were grown in 1973-1974 with 16 fertilizer treatments and 2 plant stands (11 and 16 plants/m) at 0.96 m row width. Soils used were low in P and Mg, medium in K and high in Ca. Banded fertilizer treatments were 28 or 56 kg/ha of N, P, K, and Mg in various combinations, 5 N sources compared at 56-56-0 kg/ha, and 2 commercial fertilizers, 18-46-0 and 8-24-8. With an increase in plant stand from 11 to 16 plants/m of row, vine growth was increased and maturity was delayed but yield of marketable beans was not influenced. Yields were increased an average of 74% by 6 treatments at or close to 56-56-0 kg/ha with and without K when compared to check. N sources, P and K all affected maturity. Urea, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 resulted in higher yields than Ca(NO3)2 and NaNO3 primarily by hastening maturity. Leaf concentrations of Ca and Mg were enhanced by P and all N sources while leaf K was lowered. Applied K depressed leaf Mg. Thus when both K and Mg were added to NP treatment, Mg leaf concentration was not changed.
A Combined Experimental and Theoretical DFT (B3LYP and CAMB3LYP)
Study on Spectral Features (FT-IR, NMR, and UV-Visible),
First-order Hyperpolarizability, NBO and HOMO-LUMO Analysis of
4-(dimethylamino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one
Authors: Fatma Shaheen , Rai Sonam , Devi Poornima , Bishnoi Abha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The pyrazolone subordinate, aminopyrine, has been broken down tentatively and hypothetically
for its vibrational frequencies. The chemical shift values and symphonious vibrational frequencies
as obtained at B3LYP/CAM-B3LYP/6-31G after employing proper scaling techniques appear to
match acceptably with the test perceptions. The hypothetical spectrograms for NMR, FT-IR and UV
spectra of aminopyrine have been likewise developed and contrasted with the trial spectra. Determined
hyperpolarizability (4.531 ×10-30 esu) showed that the particle might have a nonlinear optical
(NLO) component with non-zero qualities. An investigation of hydrogen bonding, utilizing mathematical
and topological boundaries, has additionally been conducted.
Registration between 2D and 3D Ultrasound Images to Track Liver Blood
Vessel Movement
Authors: Masuda Kohji , Shimizu Taichi , Nakazawa Takumi , Edamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2022

Background:
For the accurate positioning of surgical tools, conventional intraoperative navigation systems have been developed to recognize the relationship between target positions and the tools. However, since an internal organ is deformed during the operation, registratin between real-time two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images and three-dimensional (3D) CT or MRI images is not always effective. Therefore, this study developed image registration between 2D and 3D ultrasound images considering deformation for tracking target vessel movement in the liver.

Methods:
3D ultrasound image was obtained in advance with 3D coordinates, including the target vessel. Then real-time 2D images and ultrasound probe position were simultaneously acquired using a 3D position sensor. We applied multiple image resolution registration, where rapid and fine optimizations can be expected in higher and lower levels, respectively. Meanwhile, gradient descent method was adopted for the optimization, which determines the relative arrangements to obtain maximum similarity between 2D and 3D images. We experimentally established resolution level parameters using a phantom before applying it to track liver blood vessel movements in a normal healthy subject.

Results:
Comparing between the 2D images and the registered images, although the approach has some limitations in tracking large displacement, we confirmed that the cross section of the target blood vessel was clearly visualized.

Conclusion:
This method has a potential for an ultrasound therapy targeting blood vessels under natural respiration conditions.
Technology-enabled Behavioral Health Integration Decreases Emergency Department Utilization
Authors: Pardes Adam , Rene Rachelle , Chun Phansy , Cherson Mollie 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Behavioral health integration allows for patient-centered care, leads to higher levels of provider-patient engagement, and is key to improving patient outcomes. However, behavioral health integration is administratively burdensome and therefore is often not adopted. Technology presents opportunities to increase care team efficiency and improve patient outcomes. The goal of this study was to retrospectively compare clinical outcomes and emergency department utilization in patients using a technology platform compared to patients receiving treatment as usual.

Methods:
The technology platform, NeuroFlow, was deployed to deliver technology-enabled behavioral health integration in 30 clinics, and 598 electronic health records were analyzed.

Results:
In the six-month period following technology-enabled behavioral health integration implementation, emergency department utilization decreased by 34% in the treatment group (n=259), while increasing by 58% in the treatment as usual group (n=339). Additionally, statistically significant (p < .01) decreases in PHQ-9 (-17.3%) and GAD-7 (-12.4%) scores were only observed in the treatment group.

Conclusion:
Findings from this study support use of a technology-enabled behavioral health tool to decrease emergency department use and highlight the importance of measurement-based care. Future research will be key to enhancing behavioral health technology and integration to further improve patient outcomes and reduce emergency department utilization.
Biofilm Formation Status in ESBL-Producing Bacteria Recovered from
Clinical Specimens of Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Karbalaei Mohsen , Keikha Masoud 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Recently, the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
(ESBL) bacteria have become a global health concern. In addition, the ability to form biofilm due to
less impermeability to antibiotics and the horizontal transformation (conjugation) of genes involved in
antibiotic resistance have exacerbated the concerns. With a comprehensive meta-analysis, this study
evaluated the potential relationship between ESBL and biofilm formation

Methods:
A literature search was performed using global databases, such as PubMed and Scopus, up to
November 2021. We retrieved all relevant documents and selected eligible articles based on inclusion
criteria. Finally, the potential association between the biofilm formation capacity and resistance of
ESBL-producing bacteria was measured with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval.

Results:
In the present study, 17 articles, including 2,069 Gram-negative isolates, were considered as
eligible. The prevalence of biofilm formation in all clinical isolates of ESBL and non-ESBL pathogens
was 72.4% (95% CI: 60.7-81.6) and 40.5% (95% CI: 30.2-51.8), respectively. Our results showed a
positive relationship between the ability for biofilm formation and conferring antibiotic resistance in
ESBL-producing bacteria (OR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.67-6.74; p-value: 0.001).

Conclusion:
In general, we showed the rate of biofilm formation to be significantly higher in ESBLproducing strains. Given the current results, the updated therapeutic guidelines should consider the role
of biofilm production for optimal therapy, treatment course, and clinical outcomes rather than the recommendation of antimicrobial agents by focusing on the results of the antibiotic susceptibility test.
Changes in Coagulation and Platelet Reactivity in People with HIV-1 Switching Between Abacavir and Tenofovir
Authors: Drabe Camilla H. , Rönsholt Frederikke F. , Jakobsen Ditte M. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Gerstoft Jan , Helleberg Marie 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Several studies have shown an association between abacavir (ABC) and increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but the causative mechanism has not been established. Both vascular endothelial inflammation and platelet activation have been proposed as contributing factors.

Objective:
The study aims to investigate the effects of ABC relative to tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) on functional assays of primary and secondary hemostasis and a comprehensible range of relevant biomarkers.

Methods:
In an investigator-initiated, open-labeled, crossover trial, we included HIV-infected males receiving either ABC or TDF and switched treatment to the alternate drug. At inclusion and after three months on the new regimen, we performed Multiplate® and thromboelastography (TEG®) and measured biomarkers of coagulation, inflammation, platelet reactivity, endothelial disruption and activation, and fibrinolysis, lipids, HIV RNA, CD4, CD8, and creatinine. Treatment effects were assessed by comparing intraindividual differences between the two treatment orders by the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.

Results:
In total, 43 individuals completed the study. No intraindividual differences were observed for Multiplate® or TEG® when switching between regimens. We observed a significant treatment effect on coagulation factors II-VII-X (p<0.0001), sCD40L (a biomarker of platelet reactivity, p=0.04), thrombomodulin (biomarker of endothelial damage, p=0.04), lipids, and CD8 cell counts (p=0.04), with higher values during ABC treatment compared to TDF.

Conclusion:
Compared to TDF, ABC treatment affected several outcome measures in a pro-coagulant direction. Suggesting that the risk of MI associated with ABC may be caused by the sum of multiple, discrete disturbances in the hemostatic system and endothelium.

Study Registration:
The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02093585).
An Effective COVID-19 CT Image Denoising Method Based on a Deep
Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Hanyue , Zhang Chunsheng , Wang Zichao , Lin Qingming , Lan Zhanjiang , Jiang Mingyang , Lian Jie , Chen Xueyan , Fan Xiaojing 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Faced with the global threat posed by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), lowdose
computed tomography (LDCT), as the primary diagnostic tool, is often accompanied by
high levels of noise. This can easily interfere with the radiologist's assessment. Convolutional
neural networks (CNN), as a method of deep learning, have been shown to have excellent effects
in image denoising.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to use modified convolutional neural network
algorithm to train the denoising model. The purpose was to make the model extract the
highlighted features of the lesion region better and ensure its effectiveness in removing noise
from COVID-19 lung CT images, preserving more important detail information of the images
and reducing the adverse effects of denoising.

Methods:
We propose a CNN-based deformable convolutional denoising neural network
(DCDNet). By combining deformable convolution methods with residual learning on the basis of
CNN structure, more image detail features are retained in CT image denoising.

Result:
According to the noise reduction evaluation index of PSNR, SSIM and RMSE, DCDNet
shows excellent denoising performance for COVID-19 CT images. From the visual effect of
denoising, DCDNet can effectively remove image noise and preserve more detailed features of
lung lesions.

Conclusion:
The experimental results indicate that the DCDNet-trained model is more suitable
for image denoising of COVID-19 than traditional image denoising algorithms under the same
training set.
Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Health Care Management:
Prospect and Protest
Authors: Pratap Singh Ankul Singh Suresh , Prakash Narmatha Sasi , Chandran Lakshmi , Sivakumar Madhana Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Artificial intelligence postulates that computers will eventually supervise
performing tasks through various pattern recognition with less or without human interventions and
assistance. It appears to mimic human cognitive functions. Resembling the human brain, it receives
various forms of raw data that are stored, aligned, surveyed, interpreted, analyzed, and converted to
single processed data, making it easy to conclude and understand. Recently, in the digital world, machine learning, deep learning, neural network and AI applications are expanding widely, where humans
have expertise.

Methodology:
A detailed literature survey was performed through an online database, such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. The search keywords were Machine
Learning OR Deep Learning OR Neural Networks OR Applications OR Pharmaceutical Innovations
OR Technology OR Artificial Intelligence AND [Pharmaceutical Sectors OR Clinical Pharmacology
OR Healthcare OR Medical OR Pharmacovigilance OR Clinical Trials OR Regulatory OR Challenges.
The literature search was limited to studies published in English.

Results:
It was found that there is an immense growth of artificial intelligence in the sector of the
pharmaceutical industry applied in drug discovery and drug development, clinical trials, and the pharmacovigilance sector. It has several clinical applications of AI as a tool in health care and biomedical
research besides clinical practice. It also shows several challenges faced and methods to overcome them.

Conclusion:
AI has great potential and future as a valuable tool in the healthcare and pharmaceutical
industry by applying a scientific approach and averting real-life challenges.