bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of PeNAC122 gene promotes wood formation and tolerance to osmotic stress in poplars
Authors: Chen Zihao , Peng Zhuoxi , Liu Siqin , Leng Haiqin , Luo Jianxun , Wang Fei , Yi Yuanyuan , Resco de Dios Víctor , Lucas Gutiérrez Rodríguez , Yao Yinan , Gao Yongfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFinding the adequate balance between wood formation and abiotic stress resistance is still an important challenge for industrial woody crops. In this study, PeNAC122, a member of the NAC transcription factor (TF) family highly expressed in xylem, was cloned from Populus euphratica. Tissue expression and β‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that PeNAC122 was exclusively expressed in phloem fiber and secondary xylem of stems. Subcellular and yeast transactivation assays confirmed that PeNAC122 protein existed in the nucleus and did not have transcriptional activation and inhibitory activity. Overexpression of PeNAC122 poplar lines exhibited reduced plant height, thickened xylem, and accumulated lignin content in stems, and also upregulates the expression of secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes. Moreover, overexpression of PeNAC122 lines displayed more tolerance to PEG6000‐induced osmotic stress, with stronger photosynthetic performance, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaves, and higher expression levels of stress response genes DREB2A, RD29, and NCED3. These results indicate that PeNAC122 plays a crucial role in wood formation and abiotic stress tolerance, which, in addition to potential use in improving wood quality, provides further insight into the role of NAC family TFs in balancing wood development and abiotic stress resistance.
Periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in elderly people experiencing institutional and hospital confinement
Authors: Müller Frauke , Srinivasan Murali , Krause Karl‐Heinz , Schimmel Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of elderly people retain their natural teeth into old age and further, the prevalence of endosseous implants for supporting oral prosthesis is ever increasing. These teeth and implants now present a considerable challenge in terms of maintenance, especially when patients become dependent on care. Periodontal and peri‐implant diseases are more prevalent in elderly than in younger age cohorts. There are distinct differences related to the inflammatory response between periodontal and peri‐implant tissues, both in young and old age. The age‐related reasons for the increase in periodontal infections may be related to poor oral hygiene because of a loss of dexterity or vision, but also to immunosenescence. This term describes the aging of the immune system and the decline of its effectiveness with age. Low‐grade infections, like chronic periodontitis, may cause low‐grade inflammation and subsequently increase the likelihood of developing chronic diseases. In return, treatment of periodontitis may improve general health, as demonstrated for diabetes. A second mechanism illustrating how poor oral health translates into systemic disease is the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. The treatment options in old age should be evaluated with regard to the issues of general health and maintenance. Systematic periodontal maintenance therapy, as performed in younger age cohorts, may be difficult to implement in elderly people experiencing institutional or hospital confinement because of logistics, barriers related to patients and caregivers, or cost. The scale of periodontal disease in old age represents a public health issue.
Climate neutrality in the EU and China: An analysis of the stringency of targets and the adaptiveness of the relevant legal frameworks
Authors: Du Haomiao , Zhang Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe European Union (EU) and China have committed to achieving net‐zero emissions by 2050 and 2060, respectively. To explore the legal nature of these objectives and how the legal frameworks support their delivery, this article assesses the stringency of objectives and the adaptiveness of relevant legal frameworks. The former compares the objectives' bindingness, scope, prescriptiveness and precision of such obligations and compliance mechanisms. The latter compares the dynamism of mitigation policies and the legal institutions and processes that promote decarbonization. The article concludes that the climate neutrality objective is enshrined in the EU's climate law framework with a high degree of stringency overall. By contrast, China mainly incorporates the targets into administrative measures, the cadre responsibility and evaluation system, lacking formal rules and robust enforcement. By accelerating legal reform to integrate carbon neutrality into relevant regulatory instruments and addressing implementation problems, China explores its distinctive pathway to delivering on the objective.
Local burn wound environment versus systemic response: Comparison of proteins and metabolites
Authors: Zang Tuo , Heath Kiana , Etican Joseph , Chen Lan , Langley Donna , Holland Andrew J. A. , Martin Lisa , Fear Mark , Parker Tony J. , Kimble Roy , Wood Fiona , Cuttle Leila 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, paired blood plasma (BP) and blister fluid (BF) samples from five paediatric burn patients were analysed using mass spectrometry to compare their protein and metabolite composition. The relative quantification of proteins was achieved through a label‐free data independent acquisition mode. The relative quantification of metabolites was achieved using a Shimadzu Smart Metabolite Database gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) targeted assay. In total, 562 proteins and 141 individual metabolites were identified in the samples. There was 81% similarity in the proteins present in the BP and BF, with 50 and 54 unique proteins found in each sample type respectively. BF contained keratinocyte proliferation‐related proteins and blood plasma contained abundant blood clotting proteins and apolipoproteins. BF contained more carbohydrates and less alpha‐hydroxy acid metabolites than the BP. In this study, there were unique proteins and metabolites in BF and BP which were reflective of the local wound environment and systemic environments respectively. The results from this study demonstrate that the biomolecule content of BF is mostly the same as blood, but it also contains information specific to the local wound environment.
Discursos pedagógicos de docentes sobre estudiantes universitarios: déficit y riqueza
Authors: Rendón-Cazales Víctor Jesús , De Agüero-Servín María de las Mercedes , Benavides-Lara Mario Alberto , Pompa-Mansilla Maura 
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo aborda la construcción discursiva de los estudiantes a través de las narrativas de docentes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con un total de 86 docentes universitarios, distribuidos en 8 grupos focales, donde se analizaron episodios comunicativos sobre el estudiantado.Se identificaron dos discursos principales contrapuestos y complementarios:la narrativa deficitaria y la narrativa de la riqueza de experiencias.Los discursos deficitarios atribuyeron a los estudiantes falta de interés, al concebirlos como desinteresados, conflictivos y con carencias educativas, mientras que los discursos de la riqueza incluyeron al estudiante desde sus posibilidades, la diversidad y la empatía.
Exploring patient perceptions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a qualitative study
Authors: Stillianesis Georgia , Cavaleri Rocco , Summers Simon J , Tang Clarice 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, is a novel avenue for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Despite evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS in chronic pain conditions, the clinical uptake of rTMS remains limited and little is known regarding patient perceptions of this therapeutic technique.DesignQualitative study using a phenomenological approach, reported in accordance with the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research checklist.SettingSydney, Australia.ParticipantsFifteen participants were recruited from the community and completed the study. All participants had a diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain, a history of seeking treatment and no prior experience with rTMS.Methods and analysisAll participants completed a semistructured interview to explore overall knowledge, preconceived concerns and attitudes regarding rTMS as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsThe key themes that influenced an individual’s hypothetical acceptance of rTMS for chronic pain management were (1) the individual’s initial impression of the equipment appearance, (2) the participant’s individual history and familiarity with technology, (3) the accessibility and availability of rTMS and (4) knowledge regarding pain physiology and rTMS.ConclusionsThis was the first qualitative study to explore the perception of rTMS as a treatment among people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. RTMS appears to be accepted as a treatment option among individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Developing targeted strategies to address accessibility, funding support and medical endorsements may encourage use of rTMS in a clinical chronic pain setting.
Interventions delivered in secondary or tertiary medical care settings to improve routine vaccination uptake in children and young people: a scoping review
Authors: Blagden Sarah , Newell Kathryn , Ghazarians Nareh , Sulaiman Sabrena , Tunn Lucy , Odumala Michael , Isba Rachel , Edge Rhiannon 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo identify and analyse the interventions delivered opportunistically in secondary or tertiary medical settings, focused on improving routine vaccination uptake in children and young people.DesignScoping review.Search strategyWe searched CINAHL, Web of Science, Medline, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies in English published between 1989 and 2021 detailing interventions delivered in secondary or tertiary care that aimed to improve childhood vaccination coverage. Title, abstract and full-text screening were performed by two independent reviewers.ResultsAfter deduplication, the search returned 3456 titles. Following screening and discussion between reviewers, 53 studies were included in the review. Most papers were single-centre studies from high-income countries and varied considerably in terms of their study design, population, target vaccination, clinical setting and intervention delivered. To present and analyse the study findings, and to depict the complexity of vaccination interventions in hospital settings, findings were presented and described as a sequential pathway to opportunistic vaccination in secondary and tertiary care comprising the following stages: (1) identify patients eligible for vaccination; (2) take consent and offer immunisations; (3) order/prescribe vaccine; (4) dispense vaccine; (5) administer vaccine; (6) communicate with primary care; and (7) ongoing benefits of vaccination.ConclusionsMost published studies report improved vaccination coverage associated with opportunistic vaccination interventions in secondary and tertiary care. Children attending hospital appear to have lower baseline vaccination coverage and are likely to benefit from vaccination interventions in these settings. Checking immunisation status is challenging, however, and electronic immunisation registers are required to enable this to be done quickly and accurately in hospital settings. Further research is required in this area, particularly multicentre studies and cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions.
Cross-sectional associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents
Authors: Kjellenberg Karin , Ekblom Orjan , Ahlen Johan , Helgadóttir Björg , Nyberg Gisela 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents.Design, setting and participantsA total of 1139 Swedish adolescents (mean age 13.4) from 34 schools participated in the cross-sectional study ‘Physical Activity for Healthy Brain Functions in School Youth’ in 2019.MethodsTime spent sedentary and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured using accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Screen time and sports participation were self-reported. Anxiety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed using a Short version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale and Kidscreen-10.ResultsMVPA was positively associated (95% CI 0.01 to 0.05 in girls and 0.02 to 0.07 in boys) whereas screen time on weekdays was inversely associated with HRQoL (−4.79 to –2.22 in girls and −2.66 to –0.41 in boys). The largest effect sizes were observed between the high/low MVPA group in boys (Cohen’s d=0.51) and screen time groups in girls (Cohen’s d=0.59 on weekdays). With regards to anxiety, high compared with lower time spent in MVPA during leisure time on weekdays was associated with lower anxiety scores (95% CI −0.13 to –0.05 in girls and −0.07 to –0.01 in boys). Gender differences were observed, boys who participated in organised sports had low anxiety scores (95% CI −3.49 to –0.13) whereas girls who reported 5 hours or more of screen time had high scores (95% CI 1.94 to 6.18 on weekdays and 1.39 to 5.29 on weekend days).ConclusionsThis study showed that MVPA was associated with better mental health, whereas the opposite was seen for screen time. These associations were not consistently significant throughout all time domains, between the genders and mental health outcomes. Our results could create a paradigm for future studies to decide which types of PA patterns and time domains to target in intervention studies with the aim improve mental health among adolescents.
Effectiveness and safety of available preventive tuberculosis treatment regimens for children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Sabella-Jiménez Vanessa , Hoyos Mendez Yenifer , Benjumea-Bedoya Dione , Estupiñán-Bohorquez Andrés Felipe , Acosta-Reyes Jorge , Florez Ivan D 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionApproximately 5%–10% of individuals with untreated latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) will progress to active tuberculosis (TB). Children are at a higher risk for progression to TB disease than adults. Isoniazid prophylaxis treatment period is long and can cause liver damage. Alternatives to isoniazid, such as rifamycin containing regimens, should be considered for prophylaxis. Previous systematic reviews, with different study designs and data combining results on children and adults, have evaluated the comparative efficacy and harms of LTBI treatment regimens. We aim to determine the effectiveness and safety of all the different regimens available for the treatment of LTBI for children and adolescents less than 18 years of age, contacts of drug-susceptible TB, without HIV infection.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials without any language or publication date restriction. Screening and extraction will be performed in duplicate. Risk of bias will be performed in duplicate with Cochrane Risk of Bias tool V.2. Pairwise meta-analysis of direct comparisons and network meta-analyses (NMAs) will be performed. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I2 and Cochrane thresholds. Direct and indirect estimates in an NMA will be combined if justifiable. Subgroups analyses will be performed in different mean age and study year groups. Sensitivity analysis based on the risk of bias will be conducted. Publication bias will be investigated using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria will assess certainty of the evidence for the direct comparisons. GRADE approach for NMA will assess the quality of the evidence from the indirect and NMA.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021271512.
Neutron skin of 48Ca deduced from interaction cross-section
Authors: Matsuzaki Masayuki , Yahiro Masanobu 
Published: August 2022

The neutron skin thickness of 48Ca was deduced from the interaction cross-section by adopting a microscopic optical potential. The optical potential used was constructed by folding a chiral [Formula: see text] matrix and the Skyrme mean-field densities renormalized by considering the information of the interaction cross-section. The result was [Formula: see text] fm.
Interrelation between Palaeolithic and faunal remains in the central Narmada Valley, India
Authors: Jangra Bharti , Singh Vivek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Whether scavenging or hunting, the consumption of large mammals is very prominent in the history of humankind. During the Lower Palaeolithic period, the abundance of large cutting tools found indicates increased meat consumption. Evidence has demonstrated this at various African and European sites where direct links between lithic and faunal assemblages have been made, for instance cut-marked bones and use-wear studies. On the Indian Subcontinent, there is a lack of direct evidence on animal remains in archaeological contexts (with one exception); however, there are numerous sites where animal fossils and lithic artefacts occur in shared contextual associations. The present paper is concerned with the relationships between the lithic and faunal assemblages in archaeological contexts, particularly the occurrence of bifaces and large mammalian fossils in Lower Palaeolithic assemblages with specific reference to the central Indian zone. Without the confirmation of anthropogenic signatures on Pleistocene faunal remains, it is not easy to assess whether a particular assemblage has the contemporaneous deposition of the two datasets or not. Here, we present a review of archaeological and faunal records in the central Narmada Valley and explore the possible associative evidence of human–animal interactions.
Estimating Cancer Screening Sensitivity and Specificity Using Healthcare Utilization Data: Defining the Accuracy Assessment Interval
Authors: Chubak Jessica , Burnett-Hartman Andrea N. , Barlow William E. , Corley Douglas A. , Croswell Jennifer M. , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Vachani Anil , Silver Michelle I. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Kamineni Aruna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness and efficiency of cancer screening in real-world settings depend on many factors, including test sensitivity and specificity. Outside of select experimental studies, not everyone receives a gold standard test that can serve as a comparator in estimating screening test accuracy. Thus, many studies of screening test accuracy use the passage of time to infer whether or not cancer was present at the time of the screening test, particularly for patients with a negative screening test. We define the accuracy assessment interval as the period of time after a screening test that is used to estimate the test's accuracy. We describe how the length of this interval may bias sensitivity and specificity estimates. We call for future research to quantify bias and uncertainty in accuracy estimates and to provide guidance on setting accuracy assessment interval lengths for different cancers and screening modalities.
Nonclinical Efficacy and Safety of CX-2029, an Anti-CD71 Probody–Drug Conjugate
Authors: Singh Shweta , Serwer Laura , DuPage Amy , Elkins Kristi , Chauhan Niharika , Ravn Matthew , Buchanan Fritz , Wang Leyu , Krimm Michael , Wong Ken , Sagert Jason , Tipton Kimberly , Moore Stephen J. , Huang Yuanhui , Jang Andrew , Ureno Eric , Miller Adam , Patrick Sarah , Duvur Shanti , Liu Shouchun , Vasiljeva Olga , Li Yingchun , Henriques Tracy , Badagnani Ilaria , Jeffries Shawn , Schleyer Siew , Leanna Rob , Krebber Claus , Viswanathan Sridhar , Desnoyers Luc , Terrett Jonathan , Belvin Marcia , Morgan-Lappe Susan , Kavanaugh W. Michael , Richardson Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Probody therapeutics (Pb-Txs) are conditionally activated antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) designed to remain inactive until proteolytically activated in the tumor microenvironment, enabling safer targeting of antigens expressed in both tumor and normal tissue. Previous attempts to target CD71, a highly expressed tumor antigen, have failed to establish an acceptable therapeutic window due to widespread normal tissue expression. This study evaluated whether a probody–drug conjugate targeting CD71 can demonstrate a favorable efficacy and tolerability profile in preclinical studies for the treatment of cancer. CX-2029, a Pb-Tx conjugated to maleimido-caproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl-monomethyl auristatin E, was developed as a novel cancer therapeutic targeting CD71. Preclinical studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this anti-CD71 PDC in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. CD71 expression was detected at high levels by IHC across a broad range of tumor and normal tissues. In vitro, the masked Pb-Tx form of the anti-CD71 PDC displayed a &gt;50-fold reduced affinity for binding to CD71 on cells compared with protease-activated, unmasked anti-CD71 PDC. Potent in vivo tumor growth inhibition (stasis or regression) was observed in &gt;80% of PDX models (28/34) at 3 or 6 mg/kg. Anti-CD71 PDC remained mostly masked (&gt;80%) in circulation throughout dosing in cynomolgus monkeys at 2, 6, and 12 mg/kg and displayed a 10-fold improvement in tolerability compared with an anti-CD71 ADC, which was lethal. Preclinically, anti-CD71 PDC exhibits a highly efficacious and acceptable safety profile that demonstrates the utility of the Pb-Tx platform to target CD71, an otherwise undruggable target. These data support further clinical development of the anti-CD71 PDC CX-2029 as a novel cancer therapeutic.