bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Carolina Nugget’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Pope Daniel T. , Collins Wanda W. , Moyer J. W. , Turner J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Carolina Nugget’ (Fig. 1) is a moist sweet potato developed at N.C. State Univ. in 1954. In 1957 and 1958, it was tested throughout North Carolina in regional tests as the experimental clone NC 172. Although it never has been released officially as a cultivar, it has been grown for commercial use in several southern states under many different names (e.g., Red Nugget, Carolina Nugget, Golden Nugget). The formal release and naming of this sweet potato cultivar should alleviate the confusion that has occurred when growers market or buy plant material.
Ethylene and Fruit Ripening
Authors: McGlasson W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An investigator commencing work on ethylene and fruit ripening is confronted by the enormous diversity among fruit. It is necessary to identify unique characteristics that differentiate fleshy plant structures from other plant parts in order to develop new treatments successfully for extending the commercial life of fruit. Fleshy fruit are typically determinate structures genetically programmed within each species to achieve a distinctive maximum size, shape, color, texture, and taste. Botanical origins of the tissues that comprise fruit are various. The metabolism of fruit is qualitatively similar, despite their morphological and anatomical diversity, in all cases involving glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, terminal oxidases and the biogenesis of ethylene, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid. Genetic diversity in the patterns of ethylene production during growth, ripening, and senescence is apparent among fruit.
Ethylene-induced Senescence and Physiological Disorders in Harvested Horticultural Crops
Authors: Kader Adel A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene plays a major role in plant senescence via its direct and indirect effects on the regulation of metabolism. The known physiological and biochemical effects of C2H4 on harvested horticultural crops include increased respiratory activity; increased activity of enzymes such as polygalacturonase, peroxidase, lipoxidase, alphaamylase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL); increased permeability and loss of cell compartmentalization; and alteration of auxin transport or metabolism (34). Nevertheless, the mechanism by which C2H4 promotes senescence remains unknown. Lieberman (21) stated that the action of C2H4 in accelerating senescence can be associated with interactions with auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid (ABA). The mechanisms involved in these interrelationships are not fully understood, but there is evidence to suggest that a general antagonism exists between the senescence promoters (C2H4 and ABA) and the senescence inhibitors (auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins).
Effects of a Vacuum Infusion of a Partially Purified β-Galactosidase Inhibitor on Apple Quality
Authors: Lidster P. D. , McRae K. B. , Dick A. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An ethyl acetate extract of ground apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) was concentrated and purified for a specific (β-galactosidase inhibitory function. Vacuum infusion of either H2O or the extract restricted initial C2H4 evolution from apples but had no effect on fruit soluble solids and titratable acid levels in apples held at 20°C. Infusion of the extract did not affect the mean CO2 evolution from ‘McIntosh’ apples over a 5-day period but reduced the rate of CO2 evolution over time. Vacuum infusion of the extract containing the (β-galactosidase inhibitor resulted in retention of fruit firmness in ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Gravenstein’ apples held at 20°.
Pubescence as a Factor in Codling Moth, Oviposition, and Fruit Entry in Five Apple Selections
Authors: Plourde D. F. , Goonewardene H. F. , Kwolek W. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Significant differences (P = 0.05) in fruit infestation by codling moth larvae were found when fruit of 5 apple selections, with different levels of leaf pubescence, were evaluated. No differences in entry into fruit were found when larvae were placed on the relatively glabrous upper leaf surface. Selections having a pubescent lower leaf surface had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced numbers of entries. Females allowed to oviposit freely on fruit and leaves preferred to oviposit on the glabrous upper leaf surface. In all but one selection, more eggs were laid on the leaves than on the fruit. About 70% of larval entries were found in the midsection of the fruit, with 14% and 15% occurring at the calyx and stem ends, respectively. Larval entry was increased on the side of the fruit closest to the light source. Leaf pubescence seems to be a factor in 1st brood codling moth preference of apple cultivars.
Cold Resistance in Peach, Apricot, and Cherry as Influenced by Soilapplied Paclobutrazol
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low temperature injury to flower buds of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] and sweet cherry [Prunus avium L.] and to one-year-old shoots of peach and apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) during fall and winter was more severe on trees treated with paclobutrazol (PP 333) than on those not treated. Paclobutrazol had no measurable effect on cold resistance of apricot buds or cherry shoots. The average date of 1st bloom was advanced by one to 2 days in all 3 species by paclobutrazol.
Floralmart: Computer-assisted Floriculture Marketing
Authors: Hammer P. Allen , Sullivan Glenn , Alan Wolford Joe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A computer program (FLORALMART) was developed to aid the commercial greenhouse grower and retail florists/garden center in locating plants and flowers. The Fast Agricultural Communications Terminal System (FACTS) is a microcomputer network linking each County Extension office and campus office in Indiana with communications to a central front-end computer on the Purdue campus. Businesses may list and search for products they wish to buy or sell. County information is maintained on the local machine while the statewide data base is maintained on the FACTS frontend machine at Purdue Univ.
Watering Frequency and Media Volume Affect Growth, Water Status, Yield, and Quality of Greenhouse Tomatoes
Authors: Snyder Richard G. , Bauerle William L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of 3 watering frequencies and 5 volumes of medium on a spring crop of greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was evaluated. Watering frequencies of 1, 4, or 8 times/day had no effect on leaf area, total flower and fruit numbers per plant, percentage of fruit set, leaf number between clusters, or percentage of water in leaves, shoots, or fruit. Plants watered once per day had higher shoot fresh and dry weights than those watered 4 or 8 times per day. Plants grown in 14 liter/plant bags had greater leaf relative water content when measured at noon or midmorning, than plants grown in 7 or 35 liter/plant treatments. Percentage of water and percentage of roots in the medium increased from the upper to lower portion of the bags. Plants grown in the 7 liter/plant bag produced lower yield, smaller fruit, and poorer quality fruit (due mostly to blossom-end rot) than plants from the 14, 21, and 35 liter/plant medium volume treatments.
In Vitro Propagation of Gardenia
Authors: Economou Athanasios S. , Spanoudaki Maria J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot proliferation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was achieved from cultured shoot tips on a low salt medium supplemented with 25–98 μm (5–20 mg/liter) 2iP after 10 weeks. Reculture of the remaining tissue onto the same medium, after shoot removal, resulted in new shoot proliferation in 6 weeks. These microshoots rooted readily when excised and inserted into sphagnum moss peat under high humidity. Chemical name used. 2iP: N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-lH-purin-6-amine.
Branch Induction on Young ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees by Application of Growth Regulators
Authors: Unrath C. R. , Shaltout Assem D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of BA, GA4+7, and Promalin (GA4+7 + BA) to 2-and 3-yearold spur ‘Delicious’ apple trees [Malus domestica(Borkh.)] resulted in an increased number of laterals (> 15 cm) and feathers (5-15 cm). Concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm were most effective. Application at 5 cm of terminal growth was most effective while application after 10 cm was ineffective. Use of the surfactants, Buffer X or Tween 20 (0.3%) with BA application, increased the branching response. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA), Gibberellins A4 + A7 (GA4+7).
Training Peaches for Completely Mechanized Production
Authors: Horton B. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were developed into a Y shape without trellis support in orchards with tree densities from 629-897 trees/ha for complete mechanization. Considerable hand pruning was used the 1st year to train the Y’s, but nearly all subsequent pruning was done with a mowing machine sickle bar. Limited experience indicated that the Y shaped tree is well suited for an over-the-row machine that will operate a pruner, sprayer, and continuously moving harvester. Fresh marketable yields of ‘Coronet’ from 1977 through 1981 for the wall ranged from 6.7–22.8 MT/ha and, for the Y’s, ranged from 5.7–25.2 compared to 5.4–15.7 MT/ha for the standard trees. The Y shaped trees and tree walls were more productive than standard trees through the 5th year.
Identification of Plum × Peach Hybrids by Isoenzyme Analysis
Authors: Parfitt D. E. , Arulsekar S. , Ramming D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two isoenzyme systems, glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase, were identified for use as starch gel electrophoretic markers of plum × peach (Prunus salicina × Prunus persica) interspecific hybrids. Two distinct regions of banding were associated with each enzyme system. Different unique banding patterns for each species were observed for plum and peach at 3 of 4 banding regions. Interspecific hybrid plants exhibited hybrid enzyme patterns with bands from both plum and peach in each region. Consequently, interspecific plum × peach hybrid genotypes may be distinguished from parental plum or peach genotypes. These enzyme systems may be used in breeding programs to identify plum × peach hybrid seedlings.
Susceptibility of Cultivars of English Ivy to Two-spotted Spider Mite and Xanthomonas Leaf Spot
Authors: Osborne L. S. , Chase A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultivars of Hedera helix L. had variable susceptibilities to Xanthomonas leaf spot and twospotted spider mite. ‘Gold Dust’, ‘Perfection’, ‘Sweet Heart’, ‘Eva’, and ‘California’ were relatively resistant to Xanthomonas, whereas ‘Ivalace’, ‘Green Feather’, ‘Hahn Variegated’, and ‘Brokamp’ were the most susceptible. ‘Sweet Heart’, ‘Telecurl’, and ‘Gold Dust’ were relatively resistant to mite population development, vhereas ‘Gold Heart’, ‘Manda Crested’, and ‘California’ were the most susceptible.
Thomas Jefferson: America’s First Horticulturist?
Authors: Fretz T. A. , Johnson R. T. , Lyons R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some horticulturists may regard Liberty Hyde Bailey as the father of American horticulture. Perhaps, this accolade is better reserved for Thomas Jefferson, our nation’s 3rd president, who not only wrote the Declaration of Independence, but also penned the words, “the greatest service which can be rendered any country is, to add a useful plant to its culture” (1).
In Vitro Propagation of Lingonberry
Authors: Hosier Mary A. , Flatebo Gro , Read Paul E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot proliferation of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus) was achieved in vitro from shoot tips excised from 1-year-old stock plants and cultured on a low-salt medium supplemented with 2iP. Rooting was obtained without auxin application by placing microshoots in a peat-vermiculite medium in a high humidity chamber. After 6 weeks, the rooted plantlets were transplanted into a peat-lite mix, subjected to a 2-week low humidity acclimation process and subsequently acclimated in a greenhouse under 50% shade. Within 9 months, these plantlets developed a rhizomatous growth habit, in contrast to the nonrhizomatous habit of conventionally rooted cuttings. Chemical names used: N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP).
Suppression of Axillary Bud Growth on Pinched Potted Chrysanthemums with Naphthaleneacetic Acid
Authors: Furutani Sheldon C. , Shigenaga Gaylen , Nagao Mike A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spray applications of NAA or NAA ethylester at 1000 ppm acid equivalent (A.E.) reduced axillary bud number by 30% and 21%, and weight by 73% and 52%, respectively, on pinched potted chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat. ‘Mountain Snow’ and ‘Mountain Peak’. Diameter of floral sprays and vegetative heights also were reduced with increasing concentrations. Flower number was not affected by the treatments. NAA treatments caused leaf epinasty, but NAA ethylester treatments did not. Chemical names used: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Growth of Ficus benjamina in Combinations of Peat, Sand, and Melaleuca
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina were grown in potting media containing various combinations of Florida sedge peat, builder’s sand, and shredded portions of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake and irrigated either 2 or 4 times per week. Eight months after initiation of experiment, plants were sleeved and placed in dark coolers maintained at 13° ± 1°C and 85% ± 10% RH for 4 weeks. After removal from coolers, plants were placed in rooms with irradiance of 15 μmol s-1m-2, temperature of 25° ± 2° and 60% ± 10% RH. Plant height was not affected by treatment. Plant grade, fresh weight and root grade decreased with an increase in shredded Melaleuca bark and wood. Plants watered 2 times/week had less than one-half the leaf drop of plants watered 4 times/week. As the percentage of shredded Melaleuca bark and wood decreased, pH and the percentage of noncapillary pore space decreased, and soluble salts and capillary pore space increased. An increase in sand increased pH, soluble salts, bulk density, and decreased cation exchange capacity and percent capillary pore space.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Girdling on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ Table Grapes in Morocco
Authors: Ezzahouani A. , Lasheen A. M. , Walali L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ vines were girdled and/or treated at bloom with GA3 (‘Thompson Seedless’ at 5 ppm and ‘Ruby Seedless’ at 1, 5, and 20 ppm), and/or at fruit set (just after berry shatter) at 20 and 40 ppm. Results for ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) indicate a significant increase in berry weight resulting from GA3 spray or girdling at fruit set. The greatest increase was obtained from a combination of girdling and GA3 spray. Soluble solids and titratable acidity were not significantly affected. Results for ‘Ruby Seedless’ grapes indicate significant fruit thinning at 5 and 20 ppm but not at 1 ppm. No increase in berry size was recorded, but a significant increase in soluble solids and a decrease in acidity were obtained with bloom-sprayed vines at 5 and 20 ppm.
The Influence of Honey Bee “Sideworking” Behavior on Cross-pollination and Fruit Set in Apples
Authors: DeGrandi-Hoffman Gloria , Hoopingarner Roger , Baker Karen K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Poor fruit set in ‘Delicious’ apple has been associated with blossom morphology, which permits honey bees to obtain nectar while standing on the petals (side-working). We observed honey bees foraging on ‘Delicious’ and recorded the percentage that touched the stigmata. In addition, the percentage of cross-pollinated ‘Delicious’ stigmata was determined daily. The percentage of foragers sideworking ‘Delicious’ initially was low, but increased daily. By the time sideworking became the predominant foraging method, after peak bloom, most blossoms had been cross-pollinated. Initial fruit set on cultivars that can be sideworked was greater than or equal to that on ‘Mcintosh’. These data indicate that cross-pollination and fruit set are not limited significantly because of sideworking.
The Use of a Split-root Technique to Study Zn Movement and Activity in a Nodulating Cowpea Root System
Authors: Marsh Dyremple B. , Waters Luther , Ascher Peter D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Equal half-root systems of cowpea seedlings were achieved with a split-root technique. By use of a high humidity chamber and growth pouches, it was determined that the survival rate of seedlings with bisected root systems was greater than 95%, and the development of the half root systems was uniform and adequate. There were no marked differences in growth and development of plants when treatments were applied to different halves of the root system. However, there was evidence of Zn translocation from noninoculated half-root systems which received Zn, to inoculated half-roots not receiving Zn, which resulted in increased nodulation and N2 fixation. This result supports reports of a direct relationship of Zn nutrition to nodulation and N2 fixation.
Determination of Pollen Number of Beans Using an Electrical Particle-counting Device
Authors: Pechan Paul M. , Webster Barbara D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The number of pollen grains in anthers of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was estimated using a Coulter Counter, an electrical particle-counting device. Nine green buds were collected randomly from 3 plants grown in a growth chamber. From each bud, one anther at a time was excised and placed in liquid Ν for 3 sec. Pollen grains were transferred from the anthers into a drop of 0.3 M NaCl on a glass slide. The saline-pollen grain mixture was cleaned of all debris, and pollen was washed into a beaker containing the same solution. This procedure was repeated for the remaining 9 anthers of each bud. The total number of pollen grains per bud was determined using a Coulter Counter.
Training Volunteer Fieldmen to Conduct Trials for Minor Crop Herbicide Registrations
Authors: Hanson Eric J. , William R. D. , Rackham R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As many as 50 different vegetable seed crops are grown annually in Oregon on an estimated 8000 total acres. Often less than 100 acres of parsley [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Num.] or celery [(Apium graveolens L. (Dulce group)] are grown, whereas several hundred acres of carrot (Daucus carota L.), radish (Raphanum sativus L.), and other crucifers are produced annually in Oregon. Many of these crops are planted in late summer and overwintered for vernalization. Both fall and spring planted crops are harvested in mid to late summer. Weeds must be controlled throughout the 4-11 months from planting to harvest to reduce interference and to prevent weed seeds from contaminating the harvested seed. Seed company representatives expressed concern that additional herbicide registrations were needed to control weeds in overwintering seed crops. Because these crops are considered to be minor by potential registrants, chemical manufacturers indicated little interest in adding seed crops to their labels, and university resources were inadequate to pursue registrations for the multitude of vegetable seed crops. A program patterned after 4-H efforts was designed to obtain herbicide registrations through the cooperative efforts of seed company volunteers and the extension service. The program provided training in field research techniques to enable seed company fieldman to conduct the field trials necessary to register herbicides for use on vegetable seed crops in Oregon.
Phalaenopsis Orchids as Potential Pot Plants
Authors: Griesbach R. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phalaenopsis are epiphytic orchids native to tropical Asia. The taxonomy of this genus is quite complex. For horticultural purposes, however, the species can be placed in one of 2 sections. One section contains those species (e.g., Phal. amabilis, Blume) which usually are spring blooming and produce inflorescences with 10 to 100 flowers. The flowers are quite large with a 5 to 10 cm natural spread and are pastel colored. The other section contains those species (e.g., Phal. lueddemanniana, Rchb.) which usually are summer blooming and produce inflorescences with 1 to 4 flowers. The flowers are quite small, only having a 3 to 5 cm natural spread, and are very brightly colored and patterned (1).
The Scientific Name of the Pecan
Authors: Grauke L. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
At the meeting of the Crop Advisory Committee for Pecans and Hickories held on 24 Sept. 1984 in Albany, Ga., a question was raised concerning the legitimate scientific name of the pecan tree. Two names are currently in use: Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch (3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 19) and Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch (1, 2, 11, 18, 21). Current usage is heavily in favor of the former epithet. When the 2 names were used as key words in the BIOSIS Previews computer search file for articles written between 1977 and the present, 199 were retrieved under C. illinoensis, whereas only 1 was found under C. illinoinensis. Since Hortus Third uses the latter epithet, articles on pecan submitted for publication in horticultural journals are occassionally returned to their authors for revision. The purpose of this paper is to trace the history of the nomenclature of the pecan as it relates to this dispute and in the process, demonstrate that the strict rules of scientific nomenclature and common sense can both be satisfied by the use of the epithet Carya illinoensis.
Genotypic Variability in Bermudagrass Damage by Ectoparasitic Nematodes
Authors: Tarjan A. C. , Busey P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eight bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and related species] clonal selections were inoculated with a mixed sample of ectoparasitic nematodes and were grown for 5 months in 13-cm pots. Relative to control (noninoculated) pots, nematodes reduced root dry weight 13% (P < 0.01) but had no effect on overall shoot (clippings) yield. Commercially available cultivars ‘Tifgreen’ and ‘Tifdwarf’ had significantly greater root weight reductions and also supported significantly higher densities of the lance nematode, Hoplolaimus galeatus, than most other clones.
Water Management of Greenhouse Tomatoes
Authors: Abbott John D. , Peet Mary M. , Willits D. H. , Gough Robert E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Crack-susceptible and crack-resistant tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill.) cultivars were grown in soil beds and in bags filled with a peat-vermiculite mix. Plants in soil were drip-irrigated 1 or 4 times daily, or hand-watered every day or as needed based on soil moisture tension. Plants in bags received only drip-irrigation treatments. Genotype had the greatest effect on fruit cracking, with 3.8% by weight cracked fruit in the crack-resistant compared to 35.3% in the crack-susceptible cultivar. Growing plants in bags reduced the weight and the percentage of cracked fruit per plant, but, in both cultivars, total and No. 1 fruit weights were greatest from the soil treatments with drip-irrigation. Irrigation frequency and method did not affect fruit weight except in the crack-resistant cultivar grown in bags where increasing irrigation frequency increased weights. Cracking was decreased by 22% in tomatoes irrigated manually every day, compared to those irrigated only when needed. In the soil treatment, raising the irrigation frequency significantly decreased cracking in the susceptible, but not in the resistant cultivar. In the soilless treatment, frequent irrigation increased cracking in both cultivars.