bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Order Modeling of Deformable Tire-Soil Interaction With Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Sullivan Christopher C. , Yamashita Hiroki , Sugiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, model order reduction of high-fidelity off-road mobility models is explored to address the computational intensity of nonlinear finite element deformable tire–soil interaction models. To this end, a model order reduction procedure for the tire–soil interaction model is developed with the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and it is integrated into the off-road mobility simulation framework, leveraging high-performance computing. The POD is, however, limited in that the modes are dependent on snapshot data collected during the running of a full order model, limiting the modes to being accurate only for the specific scenario from which they were collected. Due to this limitation, a method of mode adaptation through interpolation on a tangent space of the Grassmann manifold is investigated to allow modes to be predicted for cases in which a full order model has not been run. It is demonstrated by several numerical examples that the POD modes are effective at retaining predictive accuracy while reducing computational time. The results show that adapted POD modes are more capable of characterizing the behavior of the model than modes produced at a different value of the simulation parameter. The POD-based reduced order modeling approach is further extended to the full vehicle simulation on deformable terrain through the co-simulation coupling algorithm by leveraging the high-performance computing technique.
Hybrid Modeling of Position-Dependent Dynamics of Thin-Walled Parts Using Shell Elements for Milling Simulation
Authors: Karimi Behnam , Altintas Yusuf 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article presents a hybrid model to update the position-dependent structural dynamic parameters of thin-walled workpieces as the metal is removed during machining. The initial workpiece is modeled by shell elements, and its full stiffness and mass matrices are used to solve the eigenvalues and mode shapes to predict the frequency response function (FRF) at a fixed location. The model is calibrated using the experimentally measured FRF, which reduces the errors contributed by the uncertainties in the material properties and damping values. The optimized finite element (FE) model is then perturbed at discrete cutting locations to obtain the updated natural frequencies and mode shapes of the part without solving the computationally prohibitive eigenvalue problem. The accuracy of the model is further improved by using either full FE solutions or experimental measurements of FRFs at a few intermediate steps which reduce the accumulated perturbation errors along the tool path. The proposed method is verified in five-axis milling of a thin-walled twisted fan blade. It is shown that using shell elements reduces the computation effort by ∼20 times compared to the conventional three-dimensional (3D) cube elements. The experimental calibration of the numerical model at a few discrete locations reduces the prediction error of natural frequencies by about 50%.
Design and Assessment of an Innovative Thawing Equipment for the Professional Food Service
Authors: Tiberi Emidio , Piller Marzio , Bozzato Arianna , Toneatti Luca , Pozzetto Dario 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The need for faster, safer, and environmentally compatible thawing methods is perceived in different branches of food industry, as, e.g., in the fast-food sector. We investigate a prototype of jet-impingement, batch-process thawing machine, exploiting high-speed impact of heated atmospheric air onto food items. The results of combined experimental and numerical study show the promising potential of this technology beyond the expected increased thawing rate, especially when the proposed two-side arrangement of the jets is adopted. A series of thawing indicators are calculated and used to account for the thawing uniformity and the risk of bacterial proliferation. A computationally efficient two-stage model of the considered thawing process is conceived, which can be used for design and optimization.
A Low-Cost, Easily Deployable Vesicovaginal Fistula Occluding Device for Providing Interim Continence
Authors: Das Madhurima , Hahm Katie S. , LaRocca Ava A. , Luna Cecilia Alessandra , Mendez Keegan , Hoffman Rachel , Verheyen Connor A. , Kim Tesia G. , Wamakima Bridgette W. , Roche Ellen T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVFs), abnormal openings between the vagina and bladder, disrupt the lives of over 3 million people worldwide due to resulting incontinence and infections. VVFs are commonly treated with surgery after the fistula has had time to heal over several months. In low-resource areas, immediate incontinence often leads to ostracization from the community and can be devastating for the patient. To address this problem, we have designed a three-tiered silicone plug consisting of a bladder-dwelling disk, a midfistula disk, and a vagina-dwelling cross-shaped tapered plug, all supported on a central stem. The system is designed to occlude the fistula and enable full continence until the patient is able to access surgery. This proof-of-concept device withstands typical expulsion forces from the bladder and does not leak under typical bladder filling or urination pressures. The maximum device expulsion force is 3.69 N and it is watertight up to 9.8 kPa. It is designed to be easily deployed by trained community members.
Influence of Articular Geometry and Tibial Tubercle Location on Patellofemoral Kinematics and Contact Mechanics
Authors: Clouthier Allison L. , Borschneck Daniel , Smith Colin R. , Vignos Michael F. , Thelen Darryl G. , Deluzio Kevin J. , Rainbow Michael J. 
Published: January 2022

Trochlear groove geometry and the location of the tibial tubercle, where the patellar tendon inserts, have both been associated with patellofemoral instability and can be modified surgically. Although their effects on patellofemoral biomechanics have been investigated individually, the interaction between the two is unclear. The authors’ aim was to use statistical shape modeling and musculoskeletal simulation to examine the effect of patellofemoral geometry on the relationship between tibial tubercle location and patellofemoral function. A statistical shape model was used to generate new knee geometries with trochlear grooves ranging from shallow to deep. A Monte Carlo approach was used to create 750 knee models by randomly selecting a geometry and randomly translating the tibial tubercle medially/laterally and anteriorly. Each knee model was incorporated into a musculoskeletal model, and an overground walking trial was simulated. Knees with shallow trochlear geometry were more sensitive to tubercle medialization with greater changes in lateral patella position (−3.0 mm/cm medialization shallow vs −0.6 mm/cm deep) and cartilage contact pressure (−0.51 MPa/cm medialization shallow vs 0.04 MPa/cm deep). However, knees with deep trochlear geometry experienced greater increases in medial cartilage contact pressure with medialization. This modeling framework has the potential to aid in surgical decision making.
Hormonal Responses and Jump Performance Across a Season in Collegiate Women Basketball Players
Authors: Luebbers Paul E. , Andre Matthew J. , Fry Andrew C. , Olsen Luke A. , Pfannestiel Keith B. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije 
Published: January 2022

The testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C) has been shown to be positively correlated with strength and power. However, few studies have examined the relationship between a standardized power performance measurement and T/C throughout a season of intercollegiate competition. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between salivary T/C and vertical jump (VJ) performance of female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II basketball players across a season. Saliva samples were taken before practice, weekly, for a total of 29 weeks. Samples were assayed for testosterone (T) and cortisol (C). After saliva collection, players completed two countermovement VJs, with the best jump used for data analysis. A positive correlation between T/C and VJ was seen only during the preseason phase. Statistically significant differences were observed across the season for T/C and VJ. T/C in the nonconference phase was significantly lower than the preseason phase and the late-conference phase, p = .013 and p = .047, respectively. VJ was significantly lower in the late-conference phase when compared to the preseason and nonconference phases, p < .001 and p = .026, respectively. VJ in the early-conference phase was also significantly lower than the preseason phase, p < .001. These data support the literature that has indicated a positive relationship between the T/C and lower-body power but only in the preseason phase. This relationship reverses and trends toward a negative relationship, before disappearing in the second half of the season. Monitoring T/C may provide value in assessing female athletes’ performance potential in the preseason phase. T/C should be interpreted with more caution once the competitive season begins.
Incident hypertension in relation to aircraft noise exposure: results of the DEBATS longitudinal study in France
Authors: Kourieh Aboud , Giorgis-Allemand Lise , Bouaoun Liacine , Lefèvre Marie , Champelovier Patricia , Lambert Jacques , Laumon Bernard , Evrard Anne-Sophie 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAlthough several cross-sectional studies have shown that aircraft noise exposure was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, a limited number of longitudinal studies have addressed this issue. This study is part of the DEBATS (Discussion on the health effect of aircraft noise) research programme and aimed to investigate the association between aircraft noise exposure and the incidence of hypertension.MethodsIn 2013, 1244 adults living near three major French airports were included in this longitudinal study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as demographic and lifestyle factors, were collected at baseline and after 2 and 4 years of follow-up during face-to-face interviews. Exposure to aircraft noise was estimated for each participant’s home address using noise maps. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed Poisson and linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsA 10 dB(A) increase in aircraft noise levels in terms of Lden was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.82). The association was also significant for Lday (IRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07; to 1.85) and Lnight (IRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased with all noise indicators.ConclusionThese results strengthen those obtained from the cross-sectional analysis of the data collected at the time of inclusion in DEBATS, as well as those from previous studies conducted in other countries. Hence, they support the hypothesis that aircraft noise exposure may be considered as a risk factor for hypertension.
Prevalence of cardiotropic viruses in adults with clinically suspected myocarditis in South Africa
Authors: Hassan Karim , Kyriakakis Charles , Doubell Anton , Van Zyl Gert , Claassen Mathilda , Zaharie Dan , Herbst Philip 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and types of viral pathogens in the myocardium of patients presenting with clinically suspected myocarditis in South Africa.MethodThis is a prospective cross-sectional study. Consecutive adults presenting to a single tertiary centre in South Africa between August 2017 and January 2021 who fulfilled the European Society of Cardiology’s diagnostic criteria for clinically suspected myocarditis and who had undergone the appropriate investigations, including cardiac MRI (CMR) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), were included.ResultsOne hundred and two patients with clinically suspected myocarditis were enrolled. Acute myocarditis (AM) was confirmed by CMR or EMB in 82 (80.39%) patients. Viral genomes were detected by PCR in EMB specimens of 50 patients with AM. Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) was the most frequently detected virus, in 37 as monoinfection and 4 as coinfection. This was followed by Epstein-Barr virus (n=6), human herpesvirus 6 (n=2) and human bocavirus (n=1). PVB19 was also detected in 9 patients with no evidence of AM on CMR or EMB.ConclusionViral myocarditis is the most common form of myocarditis in South Africa. Local viral prevalence appears to be similar those of the developed world. The clinical significance and pathogenic role of PVB19 remains questioned, and its local background prevalence will have to be further investigated.
Memory B cells and serum immunoglobulins are associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Çölkesen Fatih , Kurt Esma Kepenek , Vatansev Hülya , Korkmaz Celalettin , Çölkesen Fatma , Yücel Fatih , Yıldız Eray , Evcen Recep , Aykan Filiz Sadi , Kılınç Mehmet , Aytekin Gökhan , Feyzioğlu Bahadır , Doğan Metin , Arslan Şevket , Teke Turgut , Keleş Sevgi , Reisli İsmail 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose of the studyThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of B cell-mediated immunity with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.Study designIn this retrospective cohort and single-centre study, 208 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. A COVID-19 severity score, ranging from 0 to 10, was used to evaluate associations between various factors. Serum immunoglobulin levels and the number of cells in B lymphocyte subsets were measured and their association with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 examined.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 50 (35–63) years and 88 (42%) were female. The number of deceased patients was 17. The median COVID-19 severity score was 8 (6–8) in deceased patients and 1 (0–2) in survivors. Deceased patients had significantly lower levels of total B lymphocytes, naive B cells, switched memory B cells, and serum IgA, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 than recovered patients (all p&lt;0.05). In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between the number of these parameters and COVID-19 severity scores. Decrease in the number of total B cells and switched memory B cells as well as lower serum IgA, IgG and IgG1 levels were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19.ConclusionIn the present study, the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 was shown to be associated with the B cell subset and serum immunoglobulin levels.
Perfusion CT imaging as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for dementia: prospective case–control study
Authors: Dash Sanket , Agarwal Yatish , Jain Swarna , Sharma Anuradha , Chaudhry Neera 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
As functional changes precede structural changes in dementia, we aimed to elucidate changes on cerebral perfusion CT (PCT) for early diagnosis of dementia; and to differentiate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from vascular dementia (VaD). We also aimed to study correlation between Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) score and PCT parameters.

Methods
We conducted a prospective case–control study enrolling 25 dementia patients (15 cases of VaD, 10 cases of AD) and 25 age-matched controls. PCT was performed on a 256-slice CT scanner. Using perfusion software, colour maps were generated for cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time and time-to-peak. These colour maps were first visually inspected for any abnormalities. Subsequently, quantitative assessment of perfusion parameters was done using symmetrical freehand region of interests drawn in bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal regions, basal ganglia and hippocampi.

Results
Strategic infarcts were present in 93.3% cases and white matter ischaemic changes in 100% cases of VaD. A global reduction in CBF and CBV was also observed in cases of VaD; whereas these parameters were significantly lower mainly in temporoparietal regions and hippocampi of patients with AD. There was significant positive correlation between MOCA score and various perfusion parameters in both forms of dementia.

Conclusion
PCT is a reliable imaging modality for early diagnosis of dementia and in differentiating VaD from AD. As perfusion parameters show positive correlation with MOCA score, they could be used as a surrogate marker of cognitive status in the follow-up of patients with dementia.
Height and bone mineral content after inhaled corticosteroid use in the first 6 years of life
Authors: Kunøe Asja , Sevelsted Astrid , Chawes Bo L K , Stokholm Jakob , Krakauer Martin , Bønnelykke Klaus , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundInfants and young children might be particularly susceptible to the potential side effects from inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) on height and bone mineral content (BMC), but this has rarely been studied in long-term prospective studies.MethodsChildren from two Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood cohorts were included. ICS use was registered prospectively from birth to age 6 and the cumulative dose was calculated. Primary outcomes were height and BMC from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at age 6.ResultsAt age 6, a total of 930 children (84%) from the cohorts had a valid height measurement and 792 (71%) had a DXA scan. 291 children (31%) received a cumulated ICS dose equivalent to or above 10 weeks of standard treatment before age 6. We found an inverse association between ICS use and height, −0.26 cm (95% CI: −0.45 to −0.07) per 1 year standard treatment from 0 to 6 years of age, p=0.006. This effect was mainly driven by children with ongoing treatment between age 5 and 6 years (−0.31 cm (95% CI: −0.52 to −0.1), p=0.004), while there was no significant association in children who stopped treatment at least 1 year before age 6 (−0.09 cm (95% CI: −0.46 to 0.28), p=0.64). There was no association between ICS use and BMC at age 6.ConclusionsICS use in early childhood was associated with reduced height at age 6 years but only in children with continued treatment in the sixth year of life.
Dielectric strength of noble and quenched gases for high pressure time projection chambers
Authors: Norman L. , Silva K. , Jones B. J. P. , McDonald A. D. , Tiscareno M. R. , Woodruff K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDielectric breakdown strength is one of the critical performance metrics for pure gases and gas mixtures used in large, high pressure gas time projection chambers. In this paper we experimentally study dielectric breakdown strengths of several important time projection chamber working gases and gas-phase insulators over the pressure range 100 mbar to 10 bar, and gap sizes ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm. Gases characterized include argon, xenon, CO$$_2$$

2

, CF$$_4$$

4

, and mixtures 90-10 argon-CH$$_4$$

4

, 90-10 argon-CO$$_2$$

2

and 99-1 argon-CF$$_4$$

4

. We develop a theoretical model for high voltage breakdown based on microphysical simulations that use electron swarm Monte Carlo results as input to Townsend- and Meek-like discharge criteria. This model is shown to be highly predictive at high pressure, out-performing traditional Paschen–Townsend and Meek–Raether models significantly. At lower pressure-times-distance, the Townsend-like model is an excellent description for noble gases whereas the Meek-like model provides a highly accurate prediction for insulating gases.
Few, but Efficient: The Role of Mast Cells in Breast Cancer and Other Solid Tumors
Authors: Majorini Maria Teresa , Colombo Mario Paolo , Lecis Daniele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tumor outcome is determined not only by cancer cell–intrinsic features but also by the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment. There is great interest in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, yet mast cells have been less studied. Recent work has highlighted the impact of mast cells on the features and aggressiveness of cancer cells, but the eventual effect of mast cell infiltration is still controversial. Here, we review multifaceted findings regarding the role of mast cells in cancer, with a particular focus on breast cancer, which is further complicated because of its classification into subtypes characterized by different biological features, outcome, and therapeutic strategies.
Single-Cell Immune Mapping of Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Nodes Reveals an Actionable Immunotolerant Microenvironment
Authors: Yaddanapudi Kavitha , Stamp Bryce F. , Subrahmanyam Priyanka B. , Smolenkov Andrei , Waigel Sabine J. , Gosain Rahul , Egger Michael E. , Martin Robert C.G. , Buscaglia Robert , Maecker Holden T. , McMasters Kelly M. , Chesney Jason A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Improving our understanding of the immunologic response to cancer cells within the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of primary tumors is expected to identify new approaches to stimulate clinically meaningful cancer immunity.

Experimental Design:
We used mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), flow cytometry, and T-cell receptor immunosequencing to conduct simultaneous single-cell analyses of immune cells in the SLNs of patients with melanoma.

Results:
We found increased effector-memory αβ T cells, TCR clonality, and γδ T cells selectively in the melanoma-bearing SLNs relative to non–melanoma-bearing SLNs, consistent with possible activation of an antitumor immune response. However, we also observed a markedly immunotolerant environment in the melanoma-bearing SLNs indicated by reduced and impaired NK cells and increased levels of CD8+CD57+PD-1+ cells, which are known to display low melanoma killing capabilities. Other changes observed in melanoma-bearing SLNs when compared with non–melanoma-bearing SLNs include (i) reduced CD8+CD69+ T cell/T regulatory cell ratio, (ii) high PD-1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and (iii) high CTLA-4 expression on γδ T cells.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that these immunologic changes compromise antimelanoma immunity and contribute to a high relapse rate. We propose the development of clinical trials to test the neo-adjuvant administration of anti–PD-1 antibodies prior to SLN resection in patients with stage III melanoma.
See related commentary by Lund, p. 1996