bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecture entropy sampling-based evolutionary neural architecture search and its application in osteoporosis diagnosis
Authors: Chu Jianjun , Yu Xiaoshan , Yang Shangshang , Qiu Jianfeng , Wang Qijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, neural architecture search (NAS) has achieved unprecedented development because of its ability to automatically achieve high-performance neural networks in various tasks. Among these, the evolutionary neural architecture search (ENAS) has impressed the researchers due to the excellent heuristic exploration capability. However, the evolutionary algorithm-based NAS are prone to the loss of population diversity in the search process, causing that the structure of the surviving individuals is exceedingly similar, which will lead to premature convergence and fail to explore the search space comprehensively and effectively. To address this issue, we propose a novel indicator, named architecture entropy, which is used to measure the architecture diversity of population. Based on this indicator, an effective sampling strategy is proposed to select the candidate individuals with the potential to maintain the population diversity for environmental selection. In addition, an unified encoding scheme of topological structure and computing operation is designed to efficiently express the search space, and the corresponding population update strategies are suggested to promote the convergence. The experimental results on several image classification benchmark datasets CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over the state-of-the-art comparison ones. To further validate the effectiveness of our method in real applications, our proposed NAS method is applied in the identification of lumbar spine X-ray images for osteoporosis diagnosis, and can achieve a better performance than the commonly used methods. Our source codes are available at https://github.com/LabyrinthineLeo/AEMONAS.
Division of carbon sink functional areas and path to carbon neutrality in coal mines
Authors: Yang Boyu , Bai Zhongke , Fu Shuai , Cao Yingui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRemote sensing image data of typical mining areas in the Loess Plateau from 1986 to 2018 were used to analyze the evolution of land use, explore the division of carbon sink functional areas, and propose carbon neutrality paths to provide a reference for the coal industry carbon peak, carbon-neutral action plan. Results show that (1) land use has changed significantly in the Pingshuo mining area over the past 30 years. Damaged land in industrial, opencast, stripping, and dumping areas comprises 4482.5 ha of cultivated land, 1648.13 ha of grassland, and 963.49 ha of forestland. (2) The carbon sink functional areas of the Pingshuo mining land is divided into invariant, enhancement, low carbon optimization, and carbon emission control areas. The proportion of carbon sinks in the invariant area is decreasing, whereas the proportion in enhancement, low carbon optimization, and carbon emission control areas is gradually increasing. (3) The carbon neutrality of the mining area must be reduced from the entire process of stripping–mining–transport–disposal–reclamation, and carbon emissions and carbon sink accounting must start from the life cycle of coal resources. Therefore, carbon neutrality in mining areas must follow the 5R principles of reduction, reuse, recycling, redevelopment, and restoration, and attention must be paid to the potential of carbon sinks in ecological protection and restoration projects in the future.
A Wasserstein-based measure of conditional dependence
Authors: Etesami Jalal , Zhang Kun , Kiyavash Negar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMeasuring conditional dependencies among the variables of a network is of great interest to many disciplines. This paper studies some shortcomings of the existing dependency measures in detecting direct causal influences or their lack of ability for group selection to capture strong dependencies and accordingly introduces a new statistical dependency measure to overcome them. This measure is inspired by Dobrushin’s coefficients and based on the fact that there is no dependency betweenXandYgiven another variableZ, if and only if the conditional distribution ofYgiven$$X=x$$X=xand$$Z=z$$Z=zdoes not change whenXtakes another realization$$x'$$x′whileZtakes the same realizationz. We show the advantages of this measure over the related measures in the literature. Moreover, we establish the connection between our measure and the integral probability metric (IPM) that helps to develop estimators of the measure with lower complexity compared to other relevant information theoretic-based measures. Finally, we show the performance of this measure through numerical simulations.
Stability of trigonometric approximation in $$L^p$$ and applications to prediction theory
Authors: Frank Michael , Klotz Lutz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet $$\Gamma $$
Γ
be an LCA group and $$(\mu _n)$$

(

μ
n

)

be a sequence of bounded regular Borel measures on $$\Gamma $$
Γ
tending to a measure $$\mu _0$$

μ
0

. Let G be the dual group of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, S be a non-empty subset of $$G \setminus \{ 0 \}$$

G
\
{
0
}

, and $$[{\mathcal T}(S)]_{\mu _n,p}$$

[
T

(
S
)

]

μ
n

,
p

the subspace of $$L^p(\mu _n)$$

L
p

(

μ
n

)

, $$p \in (0,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

, spanned by the characters of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
which are generated by the elements of S. The limit behaviour of the sequence of metric projections of the function 1 onto $$[{\mathcal T}(S)]_{\mu _n,p}$$

[
T

(
S
)

]

μ
n

,
p

as well as of the sequence of the corresponding approximation errors are studied. The results are applied to obtain stability theorems for prediction of weakly stationary or harmonizable symmetric p-stable stochastic processes. Along with the general problem the particular cases of linear interpolation or extrapolation as well as of a finite or periodic observation set are studied in detail and compared to each other.
The statistical fairness field guide: perspectives from social and formal sciences
Authors: Carey Alycia N. , Wu Xintao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past several years, a multitude of methods to measure the fairness of a machine learning model have been proposed. However, despite the growing number of publications and implementations, there is still a critical lack of literature that explains the interplay of fair machine learning with the social sciences of philosophy, sociology, and law. We hope to remedy this issue by accumulating and expounding upon the thoughts and discussions of fair machine learning produced by both social and formal (i.e., machine learning and statistics) sciences in this field guide. Specifically, in addition to giving the mathematical and algorithmic backgrounds of several popular statistics-based fair machine learning metrics used in fair machine learning, we explain the underlying philosophical and legal thoughts that support them. Furthermore, we explore several criticisms of the current approaches to fair machine learning from sociological, philosophical, and legal viewpoints. It is our hope that this field guide helps machine learning practitioners identify and remediate cases where algorithms violate human rights and values.
Incidence, Mortality Features and Lifetime Risk Estimation of Digestive Tract Cancers in an Urban District of Shanghai, China
Authors: Bi Jing-Hao , Yuan Hui-Yun , Jiang Yu , Zhang Yun , Zheng Wen-Wei , Zhang Lei , Li Zhuo-Ying , Li Hong-Lan , Tan Yu-Ting , Zhao Wen-Sui , Xiang Yong-Bing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDigestive tract cancers are the common cause of cancer deaths in both China and worldwide. This study aimed to describe the burden, recent trends and lifetime risks in the incidence and mortality of digestive tract cancers in an urban district of Shanghai, China. Our study extracted data on stomach, colon, rectum and liver cancers diagnosed in Changning District between 2010 and 2019 from the Shanghai Cancer Registry. We calculated age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, the risks of developing and dying from cancer, and the estimated annual percent changes. Between 2010 and 2019, 8619 new cases and 5775 deaths were registered with digestive tract cancers in the district. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of liver cancer decreased steadily, whereas the ASIRs of stomach, colon and rectum cancers remained stable from 2010 to 2019. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of stomach and liver cancers showed significant declining changes from 2010 to 2019 in both sexes, but that of colon and rectum cancers remained stable during the entire period. The risks of developing and dying from digestive tract cancers were substantially higher in men than women. The burden of digestive tract cancer and its disparities between sex and age group remain major public health challenges in urban Shanghai. To reduce the burden of digestive tract cancers, the government and researchers should develop and promote a healthy diet, organize a screening, and reduce the prevalence of smoking, alcohol drinking, and hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections.
Impact of Changing Winds on the Mauna Loa CO2 Seasonal Cycle in Relation to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Authors: Jin Yuming , Keeling Ralph F. , Rödenbeck Christian , Patra Prabir K. , Piper Stephen C. , Schwartzman Armin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLong‐term measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) show that the CO2 seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) increased from 1959 to 2019 at an overall rate of 0.22 0.034 ppm decade−1 while also varying on interannual to decadal time scales. These SCA changes are a signature of changes in land ecological CO2 fluxes as well as shifting winds. Simulations with the TM3 tracer transport model and CO2 fluxes from the Jena CarboScope CO2 Inversion suggest that shifting winds alone have contributed to a decrease in SCA of −0.10 0.022 ppm decade−1 from 1959 to 2019, partly offsetting the observed long‐term SCA increase associated with enhanced ecosystem net primary production. According to these simulations and MIROC‐ACTM simulations, the shorter‐term variability of MLO SCA is nearly equally driven by varying ecological CO2 fluxes (49%) and varying winds (51%). We also show that the MLO SCA is strongly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) due to varying winds, as well as with a closely related wind index (U‐PDO). Since 1980, 44% of the wind‐driven SCA decrease has been tied to a secular trend in the U‐PDO, which is associated with a progressive weakening of westerly winds at 700 mbar over the central Pacific from 20°N to 40°N. Similar impacts of varying winds on the SCA are seen in simulations at other low‐latitude Pacific stations, illustrating the difficulty of constraining trend and variability of land CO2 fluxes using observations from low latitudes due to the complexity of circulation changes.
Modeling Studies of Gravity Wave Dynamics in Highly Structured Environments: Reflection, Trapping, Instability, Momentum Transport, Secondary Gravity Waves, and Induced Flow Responses
Authors: Dong Wenjun , Fritts David C. , Hickey Michael P. , Liu Alan Z. , Lund Thomas S. , Zhang Shaodong , Yan Yanying , Yang Fan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA compressible numerical model is applied for three‐dimensional (3‐D) gravity wave (GW) packets undergoing momentum deposition, self‐acceleration (SA), breaking, and secondary GW (SGW) generation in the presence of highly‐structured environments enabling thermal and/or Doppler ducts, such as a mesospheric inversion layer (MIL), tidal wind (TW), or combination of MIL and TW. Simulations reveal that ducts can strongly modulate GW dynamics. Responses modeled here include reflection, trapping, suppressed transmission, strong local instabilities, reduced SGW generations, higher altitude SGW responses, and induced large‐scale flows. Instabilities that arise in ducts experience strong dissipation after they emerge, while trapped smaller‐amplitude and smaller‐scale GWs can survive in ducts to much later times. Additionally, GW breaking and its associated dynamics enhance the local wind along the GW propagation direction in the ducts, and yield layering in the wind field. However, these dynamics do not yield significant heat transport in the ducts. The failure of GW breaking to induce stratified layers in the temperature field suggests that such heat transport might not be as strong as previously assumed or inferred from observations and theoretical assessments. The present numerical simulations confirm previous finding that MIL generation may not be caused by the breaking of a transient high‐frequency GW packet alone.
Deformation and Material Transfer in a Fossil Subduction Channel: Evidence From the Island of Elba (Italy)
Authors: Papeschi Samuele , Vannucchi Paola , Hirose Takehiro , Okazaki Keishi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe document an exhumed plate boundary shear zone—a subduction channel—developed at the contact between a fossil Cretaceous‐Eocene accretionary prism (Ligurian Units) and the underlying continent‐derived nappes of the Northern Apennines. The subduction channel, referred to as the Norsi‐Cavo Complex (NCC), is continuously exposed for ∼10 km along strike on the island of Elba. The NCC consists of oceanic sediments and serpentinites, coupled at the base of the prism. In its northernmost exposures the NCC crops out as a serpentinite mélange with blocks of sedimentary rocks. There, evidence of pervasive fluid‐rock interaction is present. We interpret this mélange as the result of material transfer from the upper plate to the subduction channel through tectonic erosion at the base of the prism. The southern part of the NCC preserves a series of tectonic slices of shales and limestones (Palombini shales) coupled with ultramafic rocks through serpentinite shear zones containing lenses of massive serpentinites, mafic rocks, and sediments. Since sedimentary slices preserve the same structures of the overlying Ligurian Units, produced by accretionary prism deformation, we interpret this complex as the result of material transfer from the prism to the subduction channel and its subsequent underplating at the base of the prism. Based on our interpretation, the NCC fossil subduction channel formed during E‐verging deformation over the W‐directed subduction of the Ligurian Ocean during the early development stages of the Apennines. This deformation terminated when the continental margin entered the subduction.
Ionospheric Boundaries Derived From Auroral Images
Authors: Chisham G. , Burrell A. G. , Thomas E. G. , Chen Y.‐J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents updated methods for locating the Poleward and Equatorward Auroral Luminosity Boundaries (PALB and EALB) directly from IMAGE Far UltraViolet (FUV) images of the Northern Hemisphere auroral oval. Separate boundaries are determined from images measured at different FUV wavelengths. In addition, new methods for indirectly estimating the Open‐Closed magnetic field line Boundary (OCB) and the Equatorward Precipitation Boundary (EPB) locations are presented; these new boundaries are derived from a combination of the auroral luminosity boundary estimates with statistical latitudinal offsets derived from comparisons with low‐altitude spacecraft Particle Precipitation Boundaries (PPBs). Subsequently, we derive new circle model fits for all these boundary data sets, as well as new quality control criteria for these model fits. The suitability of circle fits for each of the data sets is discussed, and the OCB and PALB circle fits are validated against the Convection Reversal Boundary (CRB), as measured by low‐altitude in situ spacecraft. All the new boundary data sets, covering the epoch May 2000 to October 2002, are freely available online.
ROTI‐Based Stochastic Model to Improve GNSS Precise Point Positioning Under Severe Geomagnetic Storm Activity
Authors: Luo Xiaomin , Du Junfeng , Galera Monico João Francisco , Xiong Chao , Liu Jingbin , Liang Xinmei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor global navigation satellite system (GNSS), ionospheric disturbances caused by the geomagnetic storm can reduce the accuracy and reliability of precision point positioning (PPP). At present, common stochastic models in GNSS PPP, such as the elevation angle stochastic (EAS) model or carrier‐to‐noise power‐density ratio () based SIGMA‐ model, do not properly consider storm effects on GNSS measurements. To mitigate severe storm effects on GNSS PPP, this study further implements the rate of total electron content index (ROTI) parameter into the EAS model referred to as the EAS‐ROTI model. This model contains two operations. The first one is to adjust variance of GNSS measurements using ROTI observations on EAS model. The second one is to determine the ratio of the priori variance factor between pseudorange and carrier phase measurements during severe storm conditions. The performance of EAS‐ROTI model is verified by using a large number of international GNSS service stations datasets on 17 March and 23 June in 2015. Experimental results indicate that on a global scale, the EAS‐ROTI model improves the PPP accuracy in 3D direction by approximately 12.9%–14.7% compared with the EAS model, and by about 24.8%–45.9% compared with the SIGMA‐ model.
Misconfigured striatal connectivity profiles in smokers
Authors: Korponay Cole , Stein Elliot A. , Ross Thomas J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDysregulation of frontal cortical inputs to the striatum is foundational in the neural basis of substance use disorder (SUD). Neuroanatomical and electrophysiological data increasingly show that striatal nodes receive appreciable input from numerous cortical areas, and that the combinational properties of these multivariate “connectivity profiles” play a predominant role in shaping striatal activity and function. Yet, how abnormal configuration of striatal connectivity profiles might contribute to SUD is unknown. Here, we implemented a novel “connectivity profile analysis” (CPA) approach using resting-state functional connectivity data to facilitate detection of different types of connectivity profile “misconfiguration” that may reflect distinct forms of aberrant circuit plasticity in SUD. We examined 46 nicotine-dependent smokers and 33 non-smokers and showed that both dorsal striatum (DS) and ventral striatum (VS) connectivity profiles with frontal cortex were misconfigured in smokers—but in doubly distinct fashions. DS misconfigurations were stable across sated and acute abstinent states (indicative of a “trait” circuit adaptation) whereas VS misconfigurations emerged only during acute abstinence (indicative of a “state” circuit adaptation). Moreover, DS misconfigurations involved abnormal connection strength rank order arrangement, whereas VS misconfigurations involved abnormal aggregate strength. We found that caudal ventral putamen in smokers uniquely displayed multiple types of connectivity profile misconfiguration, whose interactive magnitude was linked to dependence severity, and that VS misconfiguration magnitude correlated positively with withdrawal severity during acute abstinence. Findings underscore the potential for approaches that more aptly model the neurobiological composition of corticostriatal circuits to yield deeper insights into the neural basis of SUD.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics
Authors: Qin Shugang , Xiao Wen , Zhou Chuanmin , Pu Qinqin , Deng Xin , Lan Lefu , Liang Haihua , Song Xiangrong , Wu Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer, and severe infection requiring ventilation, such as COVID-19. P. aeruginosa is also a widely-used model bacterium for all biological areas. In addition to continued, intense efforts in understanding bacterial pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, 6 type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their regulation), rapid progress has been made in further studying host-pathogen interaction, particularly host immune networks involving autophagy, inflammasome, non-coding RNAs, cGAS, etc. Furthermore, numerous technologic advances, such as bioinformatics, metabolomics, scRNA-seq, nanoparticles, drug screening, and phage therapy, have been used to improve our understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and host defense. Nevertheless, much remains to be uncovered about interactions between P. aeruginosa and host immune responses, including mechanisms of drug resistance by known or unannotated bacterial virulence factors as well as mammalian cell signaling pathways. The widespread use of antibiotics and the slow development of effective antimicrobials present daunting challenges and necessitate new theoretical and practical platforms to screen and develop mechanism-tested novel drugs to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by multi-drug resistance strains. Benefited from has advancing in research tools and technology, dissecting this pathogen’s feature has entered into molecular and mechanistic details as well as dynamic and holistic views. Herein, we comprehensively review the progress and discuss the current status of P. aeruginosa biophysical traits, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense patterns against its infection, which point out new directions for future investigation and add to the design of novel and/or alternative therapeutics to combat this clinically significant pathogen.
Kinetics of disappearance and appearance of isoagglutinins A and B after ABO-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lemaire Baptiste , Combescure Christophe , Chalandon Yves , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Waldvogel Abramowski Sophie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be complicated by poor red cell engraftment and hemolysis, both mediated by isoagglutinins. Anecdotally, isoagglutinins indicates an activation of donor’s immunity or even relapse. Consequently, the routine monitoring of isoagglutinins could help physicians to predict the risk of complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the time to disappearance and appearance of isoagglutinins after ABO-incompatible allogeneic HSCT. In a one-year follow-up, data of 136 ABO-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) allogeneic transplanted patients were studied, of which 60 had major, 61 minor and 15 bidirectional incompatibility. Survival analyses were conducted and association with hematological diseases, HLA-compatibility and transplantation strategy was investigated. We observed a disappearance of isoagglutinin A in 82.0% of cases at one year with a median and 75th percentile of 38.4 and 138.6 days, respectively. For isoagglutinin B, these same values were 96.4%, 15.9 and 29.1 days, respectively. The appearance of isoagglutinin A occurred in 10.7% of cases. Disappearance of isoagglutinin A was significantly slower in patients with myeloid diseases compared to other diseases. The results of this study provide useful values to detect early risks of preventable immunohematological complications and possibly, in exceptional cases, relapse.