bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SALURAN PEMASARAN PEPAYA CALIFORNIA DI KELURAHAN URUG, KECAMATAN KAWALU, KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Rahmawati Asya Utari , Umbara Dona Setia , Fitriadi Budhi Wahyu 
Published: January 2022

California papaya is one of the leading commodities with good potential to be developed. Urug Village, Kawalu District, Tasikmalaya City is one of the centers papaya California fruit production. The purpose of this study is to identify the marketing channels for California papayas in Urug Village and to analyze the efficiency of marketing of California papayas in Urug Village. The analytical tool in this study uses the analysis of the marketing margin approach, farmer's share analysis, and profit and cost ratio analysis. The results showed that there were four marketing channels. A relatively efficient marketing channel is marketing channel III (farmer - retailer - consumer) because it has the smallest marketing margin, the largest farmer's share, and the ratio of profit to cost has a value of more than one.Keywords: marketing channel, california papayaABSTRAKPepaya California merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang memiliki potensi yang cukup baik untuk terus dikembangkan. Kelurahan Urug, Kecamatan Kawalu, Kota Tasikmalaya merupakan salah satu sentra produksi buah pepaya california. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran pepaya California di Kelurahan Urug dan menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran pepaya California di Kelurahan Urug. Alat analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis pendekatan marjin pemasaran, analisis farmerâ€™s share, dan analisis rasio keuntungan dan biaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat empat saluran pemasaran. Saluran pemasaran yang relatif efisien adalah saluran pemasaran III (petani â€“ pedagang pengecer â€“ konsumen) karena memiliki marjin pemasaran terkecil, farmerâ€™s share paling besar, dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya memiliki nilai lebih dari satu.Kata kunci:Â saluran pemasaran, pepaya california
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN BISNIS PENGOLAHAN BUAH NAGA MENJADI PRODUK MIBUGA PADA PT TRISNA NAGA ASIH KABUPATEN SUBANG
Authors: Sahat Tua Manalu Doni 
Published: January 2022

PT Trisna Naga Asih adalah produsen buah naga di Jawa Barat yang terletak di Kabupaten Subang. Pada saat pascapanen buah naga dilakukan sortasi dan grading, namun terdapat buah yang tidak terserap oleh pasar dinamakan sebagai premium grade C sebanyak rata-rata dalam setahun 369,7 kg/bulan sehingga dapat menjadi kelemahan bagi PT Trisna Naga Asih. Buah Naga selain dikonsumsi secara langsung, dapat dijadikan sebagai produk turunan salah satunya mi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan dan mengkaji ide perencanaan bisnis baru berupa produk mi buah naga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk pemilihan lokasi penelitian adalah purposive sampling dengan alasan salah satu produsen buah naga terbesar di Jawa Barat. Matriks Internal Eksternal (IE) digunakan untuk menganalisis lingkungan internal dan lingkungan eksternal perusahaan dan metode studi kelayakan bisnis digunakan untuk menganalisis aspek non finansial dan finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan oleh perusahaan adalah strategi WO. Berdasarkan analisis non finansial dan finansial ide perencanaan bisnis pengolahan buah naga menjadi Produk Mibuga pada PT Trisna Naga Asih Kabupaten Subang layak dijalankan.
Cicatrização de lesão por deiscência cirúrgica com laser em baixa intensidade
Authors: Aparecida Masson Valéria , Neves da Silva Marilene , Vieira-Damiani Gislaine , Volpato Virginia 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Este estudo busca expor evidências obtidas numa proposta terapêutica de relatar a efetividade do tratamento com laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) associado a terapia tópica de poli hexametileno biguanida (PHMB) em lesões por deiscência cirúrgica. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência com uma criança assistida por enfermeiras especialistas em Estomaterapia no programa Home Care. A paciente, de onze anos de idade, sem comorbidades, foi diagnosticada com lesão por deiscência cirúrgica, região da face anterior superior do braço direito. Preconizou-se protocolo de uma aplicação semanal de LBI, antes da administração tópica de PHMB nas lesões. A análise dos efeitos dos tratamentos foi realizada por meio de registro fotográfico. Resultados: A paciente obteve 100% de presença, em 6 sessões prescritas de LBI com PHMB e também fez uso de PHMB em sua lesão todos os dias no domicílio. A lesão fechou-se após 100 dias do início do tratamento. Conclusão: A combinação da ação fotodinâmica com PHMB estimulou a vascularização bem como a melhora das condições da lesão, uma vez que levou à recuperação tecidual com efetividade, já que o laser tem efeitos positivos na indução da proliferação celular, acelerando o processo de cicatrização da pele.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU NIFAS TENTANG ASI KOLOSTRUM DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI KOLOSTRUM PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR
Authors: Pulungan Fitriyani 
Published: January 2022

WHO recommends mothers to exclusively breastfeed their babies in the first 6 months after birth to achieve optimal growth, development and health. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of postpartum mothers with colostrum breastfeeding for newborns in the working area of ??the Rambung Public Health Center, South Binjai District in 2017. The design of this study used an analytic survey, with a cross sectional approach. The sampling was purposive sampling with a total sample of 86 people in the working area of ??the Rambung Health Center, Rambung Dalam Village, South Binjai District, North Sumatra Province. The data used are secondary and primary. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. The results of the study, there was a significant relationship between the attitude of postpartum mothers with colostrum breastfeeding in the working area of ??the Rambung Health Center, Rambung Dalam Village, South Binjai District, North Sumatra Province with p value = 0.000 < (0.05). Giving colostrum breast milk to newborns because it can help provide comfort and strengthen baby antibodies early, so it is hoped that the Rambung Health Center, especially health workers, can improve service programs, especially counseling and socialization to postpartum mothers that the importance of colostrum breastfeeding for newborns.
Primary Prostatic Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yasmeen Samia , Ahmad Waqas , Waqas Omer , Hameed Abdul 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Primary lymphomas of the prostate are globally rare representing less than 0.1% of all prostatic neoplasms. In this paper we present a case of an early stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the prostate managed with six cycles of rituximab-based chemotherapy, and review the related literature. Case description: A 32-year-old man presented to our clinic with complaints of difficult urination and perineal pain. An enlarged, hard and nodular prostate was palpable on digital rectal examination. Needle biopsy of the prostate was performed, which revealed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by immunohistochemical studies. CT scan showed large pelvic mass arising from prostate encasing ureters with bilateral hydronephroureter. No abnormal finding was seen on abdominal CT and bone marrow histology. Therefore, the disease was classified into the clinical stage IAXE according to Ann Arbor's criteria. The patient achieved complete response (CR) to six cycles of rituximab based combination chemotherapy, R-CHOP with CNS prophylaxis. He remained disease free, until now, 36 months after the end of chemotherapy. Practical Implications: According to the literature, the treatment and prognosis of primary lymphoma of the prostate is the same as that of other nodal lymphomas. Rituximab-based regimen should be considered in the management of prostatic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Logical gates recognition in a flat transistor circuit
Authors: Cheremisinov D. I. , Cheremisinova L. D. 
Published: January 2022

O b j e c t i v e s. With the increasing complexity of verification and simulation of modern VLSI, containing hundreds of millions of transistors, the means of extracting the hierarchical description at the level of logical elements froma flat description of circuits at the transistor level are becoming the main tools for computer-aided design and verification. Decompilation tools for transistor circuits can not only significantly reduce the time to perform VLSI topology check, but also provide the basis for generating test cases, logical reengineering of integrated circuits and reverse engineering to detect untrusted attachments.The objective of the work is to solve the problem of extracting the structure of the functional level from a flat circuit of the transistor level by recognizing in it subcircuits that implement logical elements.M e t h o d s. Graph based methods are proposed for solving some key problems arising at the stage of structural recognition of CMOS gates in a transistor circuit: partitioning a graph into connectivity components corresponding to transistor subcircuits; recognition of subcircuits that are logical elements, and functions implemented by them; forming a library of recognized gates and constructing two-level transistor circuit. The original flat and resulting two-level transistor circuits are presented in SPICE format.Re s u l t s. The proposed methods are implemented in C++ as a part of a transistor circuit decompilation programfor the case without any predetermined cell library. All steps of the proposed methods of structural CMOS gates recognition are performed in a linear time from the number of transistors in the initial circuit.Co n c l u s i o n. The decompilation program has been tested on practical transistor-level circuits. Experiments indicate that the present tool is fast enough to process circuits with more than a hundred thousand transistors in a few minutes on a personal computer. Currently, the authors are developing methods for recognizing more complex elements in a transistor circuit, such as memory elements.
PROVIDING EMERGENCY SURGICAL CARE TO PATIENTS IN A COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Likhman V. M. , Tkachuk O. Yu. , Merkulov A. O. , Shevchenko O. M. , Tkach S. V. , Miroshnichenko D. O. , Bilodid E. O. , Voskresenska N. M. 
Published: January 2022

Among the features of surgical care for patients with COVID-19 are the need for strict compliance with the epidemiological regime, minimizing the number of staff in the operating room, the possible minimization of surgical interventions and reducing their duration. The most important task in these conditions is the safety of personnel.
Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 85 pa-tients with acute surgical pathology are presented, and the presence of the virus was confirmed by the results of laboratory tests in 75.3 %. 24.7 % of patients had a clear picture of pneumonia of viral etiology with a high probability. All operations were performed in compliance with the epidemiological regime by pre-trained and instructed per-sonnel in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics.
Discussion of results. There are no fundamental changes in the tac-tics of management of patients with acute surgical pathology. Howev-er, in the presence of the patient, in addition to acute surgical disease, COVID-19 and viral pneumonia of varying severity, it is necessary to take into account the increased risk of both bacterial and thrombo-embolic complications.
Conclusions. Given the limitations caused by the spread of COVID-19, emergency surgical care should be provided to all pa-tients in a timely, highquality and complete manner. Any action of the emergency surgical service must be justified by the specific situa-tion, with the absolute priority of public and patient safety.
RARE COMPLICATION OF CROHN’S DISEASE WITH LOCALIZATION IN THE INFLAMMATORY INTESTINE IN THE F0ORM OF THE SPREAD OF INFLAMMATORY OF THE PROCESS ON THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL WITH FORMATION ABSCESS AND ITS DISCLOSURE IN THE NAVEL
Authors: Povch O. A. , Rebenkov S. O. , Kovalchuk A. V. , Bilyakov-Belskiy A. B. , Sidorenko V. M. , Martsenyuk R. O. , Azarenkov A. V. 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study. Show a rare variant of the clinical course of complications of Crohn’s disease (СD). To analyze the anamnestic data, symptoms, clinical manifestations, preoperative diagnosis, features of surgery, postoperative period and the results of histological examination in a patient with CD who had complications in the form of transition of inflammation from the ileal wall to the anterior abdominal wall with abscess formation, opening it in the navel and the formation of a fistula.
Material and methods. An analysis of the case of a complicated course of CD, manifested by the transition of inflammation from the ileum to the anterior abdominal wall, the formation of an abscess, its breakthrough into the navel and the formation of a fistula in the umbilical region. This complication was detected only after urgent computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis (CTACSP).
Results. The patient, despite the history of complaints, performed appendectomy, in which the removed appendix did not fully correspond to the clinical manifestations and data of CTACSP, in which CD was suspected, did not complete the examination, was not consulted by gastroenterologists and proctologists. He was urgently hospitalized with a clinic similar to acute purulent omphalitis. Only careful collection of the anamnesis and performance of urgent CTACSP allowed to suspect existence at the patient of the complicated course of CD. This allowed us to predict the course of surgery, perform a right hemicolectomy with excision of the altered tissues of the anterior abdominal wall and suturing the wound in the form of a laparostomy. The patient’s condition improved, he was discharged from the hospital.
Conclusions. Patients with suspected CD should be monitored and treated by gastroenterologists and proctologists. Careful collection of anamnesis in patients of this group and the implementation of emergency CTACSP allowed to establish a correct diagnosis in the preoperative period.
Longitudinal-transverse bending of physically nonlinear reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Немировский Юрий Владимирович , Тихонов Сергей Владимирович 
Published: January 2022

В работе рассматриваются экспериментальные диаграммы деформирования бетонов марок B10, B30, B50. Методом наименьших квадратов приведены аппроксимации диаграмм деформирования полиномами второго и третьего порядка. Указанные расчеты выполнены как для случая одинаковых коэффициентов для зон растяжения и сжатия, так и различных. Приведен алгоритм решения задачи продольно-поперечного изгиба балки в случае использованных данных аппроксимаций диаграмм.
The paper considers experimental deformation diagrams of concrete grades B10, B30, B50. The approximation of the deformation diagrams by polynomials of the second and third order is given by the least squares method. The calculations were performed both for the case of the same coefficients for the zones of tension and compression, and different ones. An algorithm for solving the problem of longitudinal-transverse bending of a beam in the case of the used data of approximations of diagrams is given.
MicroRNA-139 Expression Is Dispensable for the Generation of Influenza-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Hope Jennifer L , Zhao Manzhi , Stairiker Christopher J , Kiernan Caoimhe H , Carey Alison J , Mueller Yvonne M , van Meurs Marjan , Brouwers-Haspels Inge , Otero Dennis C , Bae Eun-Ah , Faso Hannah A , Maas Alex , de Looper Hans , Fortina Paolo M , Rigoutsos Isidore , Bradley Linda M , Erkeland Stefan J , Katsikis Peter D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small, endogenous noncoding RNAs that are important post-transcriptional regulators with clear roles in the development of the immune system and immune responses. Using miRNA microarray profiling, we characterized the expression profile of naive and in vivo generated murine effector antiviral CD8+ T cells. We observed that out of 362 measurable mature miRNAs, 120 were differentially expressed by at least 2-fold in influenza-specific effector CD8+ CTLs compared with naive CD8+ T cells. One miRNA found to be highly downregulated on both strands in effector CTLs was miR-139. Because previous studies have indicated a role for miR-139–mediated regulation of CTL effector responses, we hypothesized that deletion of miR-139 would enhance antiviral CTL responses during influenza virus infection. We generated miR-139−/− mice or overexpressed miR-139 in T cells to assess the functional contribution of miR-139 expression in CD8+ T cell responses. Our study demonstrates that the development of naive T cells and generation or differentiation of effector or memory CD8+ T cell responses to influenza virus infection are not impacted by miR-139 deficiency or overexpression; yet, miR-139−/− CD8+ T cells are outcompeted by wild-type CD8+ T cells in a competition setting and demonstrate reduced responses to Listeria monocytogenes. Using an in vitro model of T cell exhaustion, we confirmed that miR-139 expression similarly does not impact the development of T cell exhaustion. We conclude that despite significant downregulation of miR-139 following in vivo and in vitro activation, miR-139 expression is dispensable for influenza-specific CTL responses.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Provides Protection against a Subsequent Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Hartwig Stacey M , Miller Ann M , Varga Steven M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The presence of multiple heterologous virus infections is routinely observed in a subset of individuals screened for the presence of respiratory viruses. However, the impact overlapping infections has on disease severity and the host immune response is not well understood. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) are two of the most common respiratory infections observed in hospitalized patients, particularly in the very young and aged populations. In this study, we examined how the order in which BALB/c mice were infected with both RSV and IAV impacts disease severity. RSV infection prior to an IAV infection was associated with decreased weight loss and increased survival as compared with IAV infection alone. In contrast, IAV infection prior to an RSV infection was associated with similar morbidity and mortality as compared with an IAV infection alone. Our results suggest that the order in which viral infections are acquired plays a critical role in the outcome of disease severity and the host immune response.
IL-33 Coordinates Innate Defense to Systemic Candida albicans Infection by Regulating IL-23 and IL-10 in an Opposite Way
Authors: Nguyen Nu Z N , Tran Vuvi G , Baek Jiyeon , Kim Younghee , Youn Eun H , Na Seung W , Park Sang J , Seo Su-Kil , Kwon Byungsuk 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Invasive candidiasis has high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients, causing serious health problems. In mouse models, innate immunity protects the host by rapidly mobilizing a variety of resistance and tolerance mechanisms to systemic Candida albicans infection. We have previously demonstrated that exogenous IL-33 regulates multiple steps of innate immunity involving resistance and tolerance processes. In this study, we systematically analyzed the in vivo functions of endogenous IL-33 using Il33−/− mice and in vitro immune cell culture. Tubular epithelial cells mainly secreted IL-33 in response to systemic C. albicans infection. Il33−/− mice showed increased mortality and morbidity, which were due to impaired fungal clearance. IL-33 initiated an innate defense mechanism by costimulating dendritic cells to produce IL-23 after systemic C. albicans infection, which in turn promoted the phagocytosis of neutrophils through secretion of GM-CSF by NK cells. The susceptibility of Il33−/− mice was also associated with increased levels of IL-10, and neutralization of IL-10 resulted in enhanced fungal clearance in Il33−/− mice. However, depletion of IL-10 overrode the effect of IL-33 on fungal clearance. In Il10−/− mouse kidneys, MHC class II+F4/80+ macrophages were massively differentiated after C. albicans infection, and these cells were superior to MHC class II−F4/80+ macrophages that were preferentially differentiated in wild-type mouse kidneys in killing of extracellular hyphal C. albicans. Taken together, our results identify IL-33 as critical early regulator controlling a serial downstream signaling events of innate defense to C. albicans infection.
Fewer LAG-3+ T Cells in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jones Britta E , Maerz Megan D , Bahnson Henry T , Somasundaram Ashwin , McCarthy Lucas H , Speake Cate , Buckner Jane H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The coinhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule that negatively regulates T cell activation, proliferation, and homeostasis. Blockade or deletion of LAG-3 in autoimmune-prone backgrounds or induced-disease models has been shown to exacerbate disease. We observed significantly fewer LAG-3+ CD4 and CD8 T cells from subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and type 1 diabetes. Low LAG-3 protein expression was linked to alterations in mRNA expression and not cell surface cleavage. Functional studies inhibiting LAG-3 suggest that in subjects with RRMS, LAG-3 retains its ability to suppress T cell proliferation. However, LAG-3 expression was associated with the expression of markers of apoptosis, indicating a role for low LAG-3 in T cell resistance to cell death. In T cells from subjects with RRMS, we observed a global dysregulation of LAG-3 expression stemming from decreased transcription and persisting after T cell stimulation. These findings further support the potential clinical benefits of a LAG-3 agonist in the treatment of human autoimmunity.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LABOUR RESOURCES IN ROMANIA, BEFORE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CRISIS
Authors: Iftimoaei Ciprian , Baciu Cristian-Ionuţ 
Published: January 2022

In the three decades since the collapse of communism in Romania (1989), human resources have gone through several distinct moments in the process of social and economic transition, from the state economy to the market economy: (1) the period 1990-2007 characterized by declining employment, rising unemployment, low wages, employee poverty, labour migration to developed countries; (2) the period 2007-2019 in which Romanian employees experienced the benefits of the European integration process, which meant economic macrostability, increased foreign investment, projects financed by European operational programs that led to increased living standards, increased employment, labour crisis; (3) the period beginning with the 2020 pandemic year and the economic and social crisis, the effects of which are already quantified by official statistics.
This paper proposes a retrospective analysis of the evolution of labour resources in Romania, after joining the European Union. The methodology used combines descriptive statistical analysis (labour resources, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, average net earnings), hierarchical cluster analysis to compare the employment situation in Romania in the year of accession to the European Union (2007) versus the year before the onset of the pandemic crisis (2019) and the simple linear regression analysis, having as an independent variable the „unemployment rate” and as a dependent variable „the number of employees”. Simple linear regression is used not only for teaching purposes, but in addition to testing the link between variables, we wanted to find out how much the number of employees decreases if the unemployment rate increases by one percentage point nationwide. The data used come from the TEMPO Online database of the National Institute of Statistics and were processed with the SPSS.