bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of purine-2,6-dione-based TRPA1 antagonists with PDE4/7 inhibitory activity
Authors: Zygmunt Małgorzata , Ślusarczyk Marietta , Jankowska Agnieszka , Świerczek Artur , Bryła Adrian , Mogilski Szczepan , Kazek Grzegorz , Sapa Jacek , Wyska Elżbieta , Chłoń-Rzepa Grażyna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo verify the validity of the proposed pain treatment approach, which is based on concomitant blocking of the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) 4B/7A activity, we continued our pharmacological studies on 8-alkoxypurine-2,6-diones selected based on previous in vitro screening.MethodsDerivatives17,31, and36were pharmacologically evaluated in vivo using the formalin test and oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain: the von Frey and the cold plate tests, and in the carrageenan-induced edema model. Compound36, which turned out to be the most promising, was further evaluated in the collagen-induced arthritis model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of this compound were also estimated.ResultsAll the tested compounds exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compound36was additionally characterized by an antiarthritic effect and showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in rats.ConclusionThe compounds evaluated in this study represent a new class of derivatives with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities that involve TRPA1 antagonism and PDE4/7 inhibition.Graphical abstract
(Hidden) potentials for African languages in curriculum reforms: examples from Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Kretzer Michael M. , Oluoch-Suleh Everlyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEducation systems are globally reformed to focus more on competencies and be more pupil-centred. Post-colonial countries like Kenya and South Africa face severe educational challenges regarding access, language policy and the quality of education. Both countries share a colonial history under the British Empire. South Africa rolled out its Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) curriculum, but soon reformed and later changed it substantially to the new Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). Kenya implemented their Basic Education Curriculum Framework (BECF) only recently in 2017, which represents a Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC). Both curricula do not have language policy as a priority, although many children in both countries have very limited exposure and competencies in English, the dominant language of learning and teaching (LoLT) in Kenya and South Africa. They can read English words in lessons, but quite often cannot explain their meaning. A semi-systematic literature review was conducted to analyse common or similar and different patterns in both countries as well as the academic representation of it. Together with own previous research, the study revealed that ideally language policy and curricular reforms need to be addressed simultaneously.
Gamma Generalized Logistic Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Kumar C. Satheesh , Manju L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider a new class of asymmetric logistic distribution that contains both the type I and type II generalized logistic distributions of Balakrishnan and Leung (Commun Stat Simul Comput 17(1):25–50, 1988) as its special cases. We investigate some important properties of the distribution such as expressions for its mean, variance, characteristic function, measure of skewness and kurtosis, entropy etc. along with the distribution of its order statistics. A location-scale extension of the distribution is defined and discussed the maximum likelihood estimation of its parameters. Further, two real life medical data sets are utilized for illustrating the usefulness of the model and a simulation study is conducted for examining the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the distribution.
Effect of chemotherapy and tumor clearance in hepatic resections for colorectal liver metastases. A single-centre cohort study.
Authors: Perdomo Mauro , Botto German , Reid Jessica , Clarke Jessie , Gonzalez Daniel , Maddern Guy 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and accounts for the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Up to 50% of CRC patients develop synchronous (10–20%) or metachronous liver deposits (20–30%). Hepatic resection is the gold standard and only curative treatment for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). While excision significantly improves survival outcomes, more than 50% of patients experience recurrence after primary hepatic resection and usually, within the first 24 months after surgery.

Objective:
To determine rates and patterns of recurrence following liver resections for CRLM at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Adelaide, Australia), and concurrently, characterise clinical, pathological, and treatment-related factors that could function as predictors of recurrence or survival, particularly neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and tumour clearance.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of 170 patients between 2004 and 2020, who underwent liver resections for CRLM at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital.

Results:
The prevalence of recurrence following liver resection for CRLM was 53.5% (84/157), with recurrence most likely to occur during the first 12 months post-surgery (median 209 days). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a higher recurrence (X2 = 10.587, p-value = 0.001) rate in the univariate and multivariate analysis while resection margins greater than 1 mm showed to decrease the recurrence rate (X2 3.898, p = 0.047). Recurrence was significantly associated with a decreased overall survival (HR 2.58 [1.73; 3.85], p < 0.001), while neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed a negative non-significant marginal effect.

Conclusion:
Despite the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for CRC and CRLM, the recurrence incidence remains high, and survival low. The role and impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection margins should continue to be reviewed to improve therapeutic outcomes for CRLM.

Highlights
Has the COVID-19 pandemic widened the gender gap in paid work hours in Spain?
Authors: Blázquez Maite , Herrarte Ainhoa , Moro-Egido Ana I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the within-household gender gap in relation to paid work hours in full-time employed heterosexual couples in Spain. Using the Spanish Labor Force Survey (2019–2020) and a difference-in-differences method, we analyze three stages of the pandemic: strict lockdown, de-escalation, and partial closures to study the short-term effects and potential medium-term effects on gender inequality in terms of paid work hours. Our results suggest that during the strict lockdown period there was a tendency to fall back on traditional family gendered patterns to manage the work–life balance, especially when young children are present in male-headed households. However, this phenomenon seems to be a short-term consequence of the pandemic. The sector of activity (essential or non-essential) has also played a key role, the gender gap increased in male-headed households with female partners employed in non-essential sectors.
Making Space to Save Lives: A Critical Role for the Hospitalist During Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: DeLuca Michael A. , Greenwald Jeffrey L. , Manners Philip B. , Knuesel Steven , Biddinger Paul D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective:
An effective hospital response to mass casualty incidents (MCIs) requires rapid mobilization of personnel capable of caring for critically ill trauma patients and availability of resuscitation resources.

Methods:
Hospitals facing an MCI wrestle with the challenge of immediately adjusting their overextended clinical operations to resuscitate a large number of rapidly arriving patients without compromising the care of existing patients.

Results:
Hospitalists are well positioned to add significant value by off-loading the emergency department (ED) given their broad clinical expertise. We describe our institution’s protocol to generate immediate and sustained surge capacity by integrating our hospitalist service into MCI response.

Conclusions:
Our protocol details the safe and rapid transfer of care of existing ED patients to hospitalist teams to make ED staff and space available to care for incoming MCI patients.
Public Perception About Pandemic Situation and Preparedness Towards a Probable Lockdown in an Affected Indian State Amidst the Second Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gupta Shibaji , De Abhishek , Banerjee Rudradeep , Sinha Gupta Sharmistha , Chakraborty Arup 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The COVID-19 second wave badly affected India. This study assessed public preparedness and attitude towards a new lockdown in the state of West Bengal (WB) along with perception about the COVID pandemic situation.

Methods:
An anonymous questionnaire was administered to all willing adult attendees of a COVID vaccination centre in Kolkata, capital city of WB. Logistic regression was applied to find the relationship between attitude towards lockdown and other selected independent variables.

Results:
Of the 839 persons analyzed, 72.0% were non-health workers; and 55.4% thought that available vaccines reduce COVID-19 risk. Among them, 54.4% wanted stricter guidelines imposed. For preparedness, 42.6% and 28.8% said they would stock additional food and medicines respectively. On multiple logistic regression, being female, having elderly family members, perceiving the second wave as worse, and favouring stricter restrictions, all had odds of favourable attitude towards the new, proposed lockdown.

Conclusions:
A new lockdown was favoured by the majority. However, a well-planned and phased approach for this is needed in the light of many concerns about the previous lockdown. Mental health issues, financial security, medical help at hand, and ease of travel to workplaces are important issues that need to be addressed in case of future lockdown(s).
Belonging and Identity: Past and Present - Discussed: Kinship, Law and Politics: An Anatomy of Belonging. By Joseph E. David. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 156. $110.00 (cloth); $88.00 (digital). ISBN: 9781108499682.
Authors: David Joseph E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLike many others, I believe that the information revolution is a constitutive moment in human history, and not only because of the development of technologies that change our habits and improve the quality of our lives. More than anything else, it is because the information revolution profoundly and dramatically changes our self-concept. That revolution is changing our understanding of the place we occupy in the universe (the erosion of anthropocentrism), forcing us to rethink our uniqueness as human beings and our human essence. I believe that the preconditions of our existence are changing dramatically nowadays, and consequently, our notions of belonging and identity require revision.
Conversational implicatures cannot save divine command theory from the counterpossible terrible commands objection
Authors: Choo Frederick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCritics of Divine Command Theory (DCT) have advanced the counterpossible terrible commands objection. They argue that DCT implies the counterpossible ‘If a necessarily morally perfect God commanded us to perform a terrible act, then the terrible act would be morally obligatory.’ However, this counterpossible is false. Hence, DCT is false. Philipp Kremers has proposed that the intuition that the counterpossible above is false is due to conversational implicatures. By providing a pragmatic explanation for the intuition, he thinks that DCT proponents can then maintain that the counterpossible is actually true. In this article, I argue that Kremers's conversational implicature response fails because (a) there is good reason to think that no conversational implicature arises given what critics of DCT have expressed, (b) a competent reader would not understand the critics' utterance that TCC is false as implicating that TCC* is false, and (c) the counterpossible terrible commands objection can be easily modified to be immune to the conversational implicature response by cancelling any potential implicature. Thus, an appeal to conversational implicatures cannot save DCT from the counterpossible terrible commands objection.
The impact of timber harvesting on nest site availability for the Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus in native Southern Mistbelt forests of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Leaver Jessica , Carstens Johann C. , Wimberger Kirsten , Carstens Kate F. , Cherry Michael I. 
Published: August 2022

Summary
The Amathole mistbelt forests in the Eastern Cape, South Africa harbour the largest remnant population of the nationally endangered endemic Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus, a secondary-cavity nester whose persistence is limited by suitable nest sites. These are also the only forests within Cape Parrot range in which selective timber harvesting remains permitted, but the impact of harvesting on the availability of parrot nest sites has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine the degree to which current harvest selection criteria stand to impact nest site availability. Results showed that Cape Parrots have specific nest tree requirements; and that there is overlap in the species and condition of trees selected for nesting, and harvesting. The two yellowwood species found in the region, Afrocarpus falcatus and Podocarpus latifolius, represented the majority of both harvested trees (78%), and Cape Parrot nest trees (79%). Moreover, both Cape Parrot and harvest selection criteria require large (≥50 cm diameter at breast height; ≥12 m high), old, dead, dying, or crown-damaged yellowwoods, such that 32% of trees considered potential nest trees were also candidates for harvesting. Current selection criteria need to be revised to ensure that timber use is compatible with biodiversity conservation in the Amathole forests. We suggest that all harvesting of dead standing yellowwoods be discontinued; and that the harvesting of live trees with crown damage, which are frequently used by parrots for nesting, be limited by a species-specific maximum harvestable diameter.
Embryo manipulation in neotropical characiform fish: incubation system, anaesthetic, and PGC transplantation in Prochilodus lineatus
Authors: Carvalho Gabriella Braga , Coelho Geovanna Carla Zacheo , Alves Andreoli Correia , Silva Amanda Pereira Dos Santos , Sérgio Monzani Paulo , Senhorini José Augusto , Castro Vianna Norberto , Yasui George Shigueki 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPrimordial germ cells transplantation is a unique approach for conservation and reconstitution of endangered fish species. This study aimed to establish techniques to culture dechorionated embryos in different incubation systems and also to determine anaesthetic concentration for fish recipients in the larval stage for subsequent primordial germ cell transplantation. Intact and dechorionated embryos were divided into three incubation systems: (1) a control group with manual replacement of the solution; (2) a closed environment with high oxygen with manual replacement of the solution; and (3) constant solution recirculation. This combination resulted in six treatments. For the evaluation of anaesthetics for larvae, the concentrations evaluated were 19.5 mM, 24.4 mM, 29.3 mM, and 34.2 mM of 2-phenoxyethanol. Anaesthesia concentration and recovery at different stages were evaluated. For transplantation, primordial germ cells of Astyanax altiparanae were transplanted into anaesthetised larvae (1 dph) of Prochilodus lineatus. Better results were obtained in the recirculation system for dechorionated embryos of P. lineatus for hatching (54.18%) and normal morphology (50.06%). The 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthetic with a dose of 29.3 mM resulted in shorter induction times, in addition to the recovery time between 5 and 10 min. By using this anaesthetic concentration at transplantation, GFP-positive cells were seen in two recipients, but the cells did not proliferate. This study established an effective incubation system for the development of the dechorionated embryo and determined an effective anaesthetic concentration for P. lineatus larvae. In addition, micromanipulation and transplantation of primordial germ cells in neotropical species were conducted for the first time.
Prenatal aortic valvuloplasty as a definite treatment in fetuses with critical aortic stenosis, severe mitral regurgitation and giant left atrium: a report of two cases with medium-term follow-up
Authors: Tulzer Andreas , Arzt Wolfgang , Tulzer Gerald 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFetuses with critical aortic stenosis, severe mitral regurgitation and left atrial enlargement are at risk to develop heart failure and intrauterine death. We present two cases with this physiology who underwent fetal aortic balloon valvuloplasty at 25 + 5 and 28 + 2 weeks as their only intervention without requiring postnatal treatment during short- to medium-term follow-up of 1.4 and 4.9 years.
RATIONALITY OVER NONCLOSED FIELDS OF FANO THREEFOLDS WITH HIGHER GEOMETRIC PICARD RANK
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander , Prokhorov Yuri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe prove rationality criteria over nonclosed fields of characteristic
$0$
for five out of six types of geometrically rational Fano threefolds of Picard number
$1$
and geometric Picard number bigger than
$1$
. For the last type of such threefolds, we provide a unirationality criterion and construct examples of unirational but not stably rational varieties of this type.
ClusterAlign: A fiducial tracking and tilt series alignment tool for thick sample tomography
Authors: Seifer Shahar , Elbaum Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thick specimens, as encountered in cryo-scanning transmission electron tomography, offer special challenges to conventional reconstruction workflows. The visibility of features, including gold nanoparticles introduced as fiducial markers, varies strongly through the tilt series. As a result, tedious manual refinement may be required in order to produce a successful alignment. Information from highly tilted views must often be excluded to the detriment of axial resolution in the reconstruction. We introduce here an approach to tilt series alignment based on identification of fiducial particle clusters that transform coherently in rotation, essentially those that lie at similar depth. Clusters are identified by comparison of tilted views with a single untilted reference, rather than with adjacent tilts. The software, called ClusterAlign, proves robust to poor signal to noise ratio and varying visibility of the individual fiducials and is successful in carrying the alignment to the ends of the tilt series where other methods tend to fail. ClusterAlign may be used to generate a list of tracked fiducials, to align a tilt series, or to perform a complete 3D reconstruction. Tools to evaluate alignment error by projection matching are included. Execution involves no manual intervention, and adherence to standard file formats facilitates an interface with other software, particularly IMOD/etomo, tomo3d, and tomoalign.
Scaling‐Up Methods Influence on the Spatial Variation in Plant Community Traits: Evidence Based on Leaf Nitrogen Content
Authors: Wang Ruomeng , Li Mingxu , Xu Li , Li Shenggong , He Nianpeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant functional traits have received increasing attention at a community scale. There are three methods, for scaling‐up from the organ to the community: species arithmetic mean (SAM), community‐weighted mean (CWM), and per unit land area community‐weighted mean (PLA‐CWM). To date, it is unclear how these scaling‐up methods influence the spatial variation of these plant community traits. Here, we consistently measured the leaf nitrogen content (N) of 1,844 plant species from 22 natural communities along a 5,100 km transect with a temperature and precipitation gradient and explored the potential effect of different scaling‐up methods on leaf N in the community as NSAM, NCWM, and NPLA‐CWM. Our results demonstrated that leaf N at the community scale showed a different spatial variation among the three methods and was dependent on climate or plant community types. NSAM and NCWM decreased significantly with the increasing of mean annual precipitation (MAP), and NPLA‐CWM showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, NSAM overestimated the leaf nitrogen content at the community level compared to NCWM. SAM underestimated leaf nitrogen in a dry or cold environment and vice versa in a wet or warm environment compared to CWM. With MAP greater than 300 mm or with mean annual temperature higher than 0.24°C, NSAM and NCWM were significantly different, which should be emphasized. Based on these findings, over‐ or underestimation from different scaling‐up methods should be tested in other plant community traits. In summary, community‐weighted methods (CWM and PLA‐CWM), covering community information on species composition and traits, implicating many important ecological processes, should be helpful for evaluating the spatial variation of plant community traits on a large scale in the future.
Constraining Andean Propagation of Exhumation at the Limit of the Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina, Using Low‐Temperature Thermochronology in a Structural Context
Authors: van Kooten Willemijn S. M. T. , Sobel Edward R. , del Papa Cecilia E. , Payrola Patricio , Glodny Johannes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWithin the Central Andes of NW Argentina, the spatiotemporal distribution and style of deformation is strongly influenced by pre‐Cenozoic heterogeneities, mostly related to the Salta rift extension in the Cretaceous. At the enigmatic junction of the thin‐skinned Subandean belt and the thick‐skinned Santa Barbara System, the Tilcara Range and adjacent San Lucas block, located within the Eastern Cordillera, show thermochronological and field evidence of multiple exhumation events. Mesozoic (140‐115 Ma), pre‐Andean exhumation of basement highs is constrained by unconformities between basement and syn‐rift strata, as well as zircon (U‐Th‐Sm)/He cooling ages. Cenozoic Andean exhumation is quantified by apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and fission track cooling ages, which were reset between the Late Cretaceous and Miocene. These data show that the westernmost Tilcara Range began exhuming in the late Oligocene‐early Miocene (26‐16 Ma), after which exhumation propagated to the border of the Eastern Cordillera in the middle Miocene (22‐10 Ma). The onset of rapid exhumation in the San Lucas block, which is located east of the Tilcara Range, occurred in the late Miocene (10‐8 Ma) in its western part, and in the late Miocene‐early Pliocene (6‐4 Ma) in its eastern part. Internal deformation of the San Lucas block, disturbing zircon (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and apatite fission track age patterns, predates propagation of rapid exhumation. The here presented low‐temperature thermochronology data set thus quantifies the multi‐phase exhumation history of the Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina and constrains the timing of Andean propagation of exhumation within the Eastern Cordillera and the adjacent structural transition zone.