bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of Trimethine Cyanine in Cucurbit[8]uril: Solution versus Solid‐State Inclusion Behavior
Authors: Soavi Giuseppe , Pedrini Alessandro , Devi Das Anjali , Terenziani Francesca , Pinalli Roberta , Hickey Neal , Medagli Barbara , Geremia Silvano , Dalcanale Enrico 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInclusion of polymethine cyanine dyes in the cavity of macrocyclic receptors is an effective strategy to alter their absorption and emission behavior in aqueous solution. In this paper, the effect of the host‐guest interaction between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and a model trimethine indocyanine (Cy3) on dye spectral properties and aggregation in water is investigated. Solution studies, performed by a combination of spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques, indicate that the addition of CB[8] disrupts Cy3 aggregates, leading to the formation of a 1 : 1 host‐guest complex with an association constant of 1.5×106 M−1. At concentrations suitable for NMR experiments, the slow formation of a supramolecular polymer was observed, followed by precipitation. Single crystals X‐ray structure elucidation confirmed the formation of a polymer with 1 : 1 stoichiometry in the solid state.
Fluidization‐based chemical vapour deposition for alumina coating on tubular carbon steel substrates—Modelling and validation
Authors: Dabhade Prasad A. , Mandal Debapriya , Satre Sanjay R. , Chougule Bahubali K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe degradation of carbon steels due to corrosion and gaseous permeation phenomena can be significantly reduced by a thin alumina coating. Tubular carbon steel structures, commonly employed in nuclear establishments are particularly vulnerable to chemical degradation on the inner surface due to the flow of corrosive fluids. In the present work, a fluidization‐based chemical vapour deposition process is applied as a one‐step solution for simultaneous chemical passivation of both inner and outer substrate surfaces meanwhile optimizing precursor inventory by utilizing fluidized bed sublimation and induction heating techniques. The process is studied by using a 2D‐1D mathematical model, which has been validated with experimental results for different carbon steel grades. It was observed that there exists an optimum fluidization velocity for a specified initial mass fraction of precursor powder at which mass of alumina deposited per unit mass of precursor sublimated is maximized.
Liraglutide‐Loaded Milk Exosomes Lower Blood Glucose When Given by Sublingual Route
Authors: Xu Mingzhi , Chen Gang , Dong Yanan , Yang Jing , Liu Yongxue , Song Haijing , Song Haifeng , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBovine milk is rich in extracellular vesicles (mEVs) which have been suggested as a possible drug delivery vehicle with oral bioavailability. As the digestive fluids contain many lipid‐ and protein‐degrading enzymes, we explored whether mEVs given sublingually could be taken up systemically. mEVs were isolated using three different protocols, which were 120 nm in diameter and carried bovine CD81. Fluorescently stained mEVs given by sublingual route were detected in the circulation, whereas mEVs given by gavage were detected at 2‐Log lower concentrations. As proof of the concept, we loaded mEVs with the antidiabetic drug Liraglutide (LRT‐EV), which reduced blood glucose levels when given by the sublingual route but showed no efficacy via gavage. This study suggests that mEV may be an efficient delivery vehicle for drugs that are not orally bioavailable, and LRT‐loaded EVs have the potential as the next‐generation drug delivery platform for the treatment of chronic diseases, including diabetes.
Phase 2 study for nonmetastatic extremity high‐grade osteosarcoma in pediatric and adolescent and young adult patients with a risk‐adapted strategy based on ABCB1/P‐glycoprotein expression: An Italian Sarcoma Group trial (ISG/OS‐2)
Authors: Palmerini Emanuela , Meazza Cristina , Tamburini Angela , Bisogno Gianni , Ferraresi Virginia , Asaftei Sebastian D. , Milano Giuseppe M. , Coccoli Luca , Manzitti Carla , Luksch Roberto , Serra Massimo , Gambarotti Marco , Donati Davide M. , Scotlandi Katia , Bertulli Rossella , Favre Claudio , Longhi Alessandra , Abate Massimo E. , Perrotta Silverio , Mascarin Maurizio , D’Angelo Paolo , Cesari Marilena , Staals Eric L. , Marchesi Emanuela , Carretta Elisa , Ibrahim Toni , Casali Paolo G. , Picci Piero , Fagioli Franca , Ferrari Stefano 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAccording to retrospective osteosarcoma series, ABCB1/P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) overexpression predicts for poor outcomes. A prospective trial to assess a risk‐adapted treatment strategy using mifamurtide in Pgp+ patients was performed.MethodsThis was a phase 2, multicenter, uncontrolled trial including patients 40 years old or younger with nonmetastatic extremity high‐grade osteosarcoma stratified according to Pgp expression. All patients received high‐dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MAP) preoperatively. In Pgp+ patients, mifamurtide was added postoperatively and combined with MAP for a good histologic response (necrosis ≥ 90%; good responders [GRs]) or with high‐dose ifosfamide (HDIFO) at 3 g/m2/d on days 1 to 5 for a histologic response < 90% (poor responders [PRs]). Pgp– patients received MAP postoperatively. After an amendment, the cumulative dose of methotrexate was increased from 60 to 120 g/m2 (from 5 to 10 courses). The primary end point was event‐free survival (EFS). A postamendment analysis was performed.ResultsIn all, 279 patients were recruited, and 194 were included in the postamendment analysis: 70 (36%) were Pgp–, and 124 (64%) were Pgp+. The median follow‐up was 51 months. For Pgp+ patients, 5‐year EFS after definitive surgery (null hypothesis, 40%) was 69.8% (90% confidence interval [CI], 62.2%‐76.2%): 59.8% in PRs and 83.7% in GRs. For Pgp– patients, the 5‐year EFS rate was 66.4% (90% CI, 55.6%‐75.1%).ConclusionsThis study showed that adjuvant mifamurtide, combined with HDIFO for a poor response to induction chemotherapy, could improve EFS in Pgp+ patients. Overall, the outcomes compared favorably with previous series. Mifamurtide and HDIFO as salvage chemotherapy are worth further study.
Preparation, Properties, and Application of Lignocellulosic‐Based Fluorescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Song Xueping , Zhao Siyu , Xu Ying , Chen Xinrui , Wang Shuangfei , Zhao Peitao , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon material with excellent performance and widespread application. As the most readily available and widely distributed biomass resource, lignocellulosics are a renewable bioresource with great potential. Research into the preparation of CDs with lignocellulose (LC‐CDs) has become the focus of numerous researchers. Compared with other carbon sources, lignocellulose is low cost, rich in structural variety, exhibits excellent biocompatibility,[1] and the structures of CDs prepared by lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are similar. This Review summarized research progress in the preparation of CDs from lignocellulosics in recent years and reviewed traditional and new preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, optical properties, and applications of LC‐CDs, providing guidance for the formation and improvement of LC‐CDs. In addition, the challenges of synthesizing LC‐CDs were also highlighted, including the interaction of different lignocellulose components on the formation of LC‐CDs and the nucleation and growth mechanism of LC‐CDs; from this, current trends and opportunities of LC‐CDs were examined, and some research methods for future research were put forward.
Evaluation of a grid‐connected reduced‐component boost multilevel inverter (BMLI) topology
Authors: Debela Tamiru , Singh Jiwanjot , Sood Vijay K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a reduced‐component switched‐capacitor boost multilevel inverter (SC‐BMLI) topology is proposed for off‐grid and on‐grid applications. Recently, switched‐capacitor‐based multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies have been employed to avoid the need for multiple isolated direct current (DC) sources when compared with traditional cascaded MLIs. To generate a nine‐level stepped‐up voltage across the load, the SC‐BMLI needs only eight power switches and two capacitors. To get the appropriate nine‐level switching pattern, phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD‐PWM) has been used. An extended 13‐level boost multilevel inverter (BMLI) is also discussed in this paper. The proposed topology is connected to the grid to control the grid current using synchronous reference frame‐based proportional–integral controller. A small‐signal modeling and analysis has been discussed in detail for the phase‐locked‐loop (PLL). Moreover, to prove the superior performance of the SC‐BMLI, comparative analysis with an existing single DC source MLI has also been performed. The feasibility of the 9‐level and 13‐level proposed topologies, with and without the grid‐connection, is evaluated by Matlab/Simulink simulation and verified by an experimental study using the OPAL‐RT 4510 real‐time platform. Further, prototype model of nine‐level BMLI has been developed in the laboratory using DSpace 1103 controller and results are compared with simulation.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 8‐Azaguanines by Transition Metal‐Free Cascade Cyclization of Carbodiimides with Ethyl Diazoacetate
Authors: Wang Shilong , Zhao Xingchen , Liu Jixin , Zhao Ziling , Yu Haoran , Li Jiaxun , Li Jiazhu , Chen Jinchun , Zhang Zhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA concise and mild method to construct 8‐azaguanines derivatives in one‐pot fashion has been developed. This strategy involves a rapid assembly of ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) with two carbodiimides via a cascade cyclization process. A variety of diversely substituted 8‐azaguanines derivatives were prepared with good regioselectivity and yields. The facile scale‐up synthesis further revealed the promising utility of this methodology.
Monitoring Phthalates in Maternal and Cord Blood: Implications for Prenatal Exposure and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Hwa Hsiao-Lin , Peng Fu-Shiang , Ting Te-Tien , Chen Huei-Wen , Chan Hsiang-Yu , Yang Da-Peng , Chen Pau-Chung , Kuo Yun-Ning , Chen Pai-Shan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although many phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are associated with adverse birth outcomes, the relationship between maternal phthalate exposure and birth outcomes is not yet conclusive. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to phthalates in human maternal and cord blood and birth outcomes of the infants. Sixty-five mother–infant pairs were recruited in Taipei City and New Taipei City, and birth outcomes of the infants were recorded. Twelve phthalate metabolites were measured in maternal and cord blood samples. The mean of mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) was relatively higher than that of the other metabolites in both maternal and infant blood. There was a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) for mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and MnBP between the maternal blood and cord blood of male infants. Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), MMP, MiBP, and ∑di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (∑DEHP) in maternal blood were inversely correlated with the anogenital index (AGI) of male infants, with a p value between 0.011 and 0.033. Mono-n-octyl phthalate, MMP, MiBP, MnBP, and MBzP were positively correlated with the AGI of female infants, with a p value between 0.001 and 0.034. Cord blood levels of MnBP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)-phthalate, MEHP, and ∑DEHP were found to be inversely associated with head circumference in all the infants, adjusted for gestational age. Phthalate monoesters are potentially estrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals. Longitudinal follow-up of the present study population could help clarify the long-term impact of phthalates on growth and the health effects of background exposure levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:715–725. © 2022 SETAC
Abstract
Monitoring phthalates in maternal and cord blood for birth outcomes.
Long-Term Monitoring of an In Situ Activated Carbon Treatment to Reduce Polychlorinated Biphenyl Availability in an Active Harbor
Authors: Wang Alice Peiying , Conder Jason , Chadwick Bart , Rosen Gunther 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Activated carbon–based amendments have been demonstrated as a means of sequestering sediment-associated organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In a 2012 effort, an activated carbon amendment was placed at a 0.5-acre amendment area adjacent to and underneath Pier 7 at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility, Bremerton, Washington, USA to reduce PCB availability. Multiple postplacement monitoring events over a 3-year period showed an 80%–90% reduction in PCBs, stability of activated carbon, and no significant negative impacts to the benthic community. To further evaluate the long-term performance, a follow-on to the approximately 7-year (82-month) postplacement monitoring event was conducted in 2019. The results of in situ porewater and bioaccumulation evaluations were consistent with previous observations, indicating overall PCB availability reductions of approximately 80%–90% from preamendment conditions. Multiple measurement approaches for quantifying activated carbon and amendment presence indicated that the amendment was present and stable in the amendment area and that the activated carbon content was similar to levels observed previously. As in the previous investigation, benthic invertebrate community metrics indicated that the amendment did not significantly impair benthic health. An application of carbon petrography to quantify activated carbon content in surface sediments was also explored. The results were found to correspond within a factor of 1.3 (on average) with those of data for the black carbon content via a black carbon chemical oxidation method, an approach that quantifies all forms of black carbon (including activated carbon). The results suggest that at sites with low soot-derived black carbon content in sediment (relative to the targeted activated carbon dose), the black carbon chemical oxidation method would be a reasonable method for measurement of activated carbon dosage in sediment at sites amended with activated carbon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1568–1574. © 2022 SETAC
Gonadal Development in Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu) Reared in the Absence and Presence of 17-α-Ethinylestradiol
Authors: Kadlec Sarah M. , Blackwell Brett R. , Blanksma Chad A. , Johnson Rodney D. , Olker Jennifer H. , Schoff Patrick K. , Mount David R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Testicular oocytes in wild adult bass (Micropterus spp.) are considered a potential indication of exposure to estrogenic compounds in municipal, agricultural, or industrial wastewater. However, our ability to interpret links between testicular oocyte occurrence in wild fish species and environmental pollutants is limited by our understanding of normal and abnormal gonadal development. We previously reported low-to-moderate testicular oocyte prevalence (7%–38%) among adult male bass collected from Minnesota waters with no known sources of estrogenic compounds. In the present study, two experiments were conducted in which smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) fry were exposed to control water or 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) during gonadal differentiation, then reared in clean water for an additional period. Histological samples were evaluated at several time points during the exposure and grow-out periods, and the sequence and timing of gonadal development in the presence of estrogen were compared with that of control fish. Testicular oocytes were not observed in any control or EE2-exposed fish. Among groups exposed to 1.2 or 5.1 ng/L EE2 in Experiment 1 or 3.0 ng/L EE2 in Experiment 2, ovaries were observed in 100% of fish up to 90 days after exposure ceased, and approximately half of those ovaries had abnormal characteristics, suggesting that they likely developed in sex-reversed males. Groups exposed to 0.1, 0.4, or 1.0 ng/L in Experiment 2 developed histologically normal ovaries and testes in proportions not significantly different from 1:1. These findings suggest that, while presumably able to cause sex reversal, juvenile exposure to EE2 may not be a unique cause of testicular oocytes in wild bass, although the long-term outcomes of exposure are unknown. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1416–1428. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Rational design of allosteric switchable catalysts
Authors: Pan Tiezheng , Wang Yaling , Xue Xue , Zhang Chunqiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAllosteric regulation, in many cases, involves switching the activities of natural enzymes, which further affects the enzymatic network and cell signaling in the living systems. The research on the construction of allosteric switchable catalysts has attracted broad interests, aiming to control the progress and asymmetry of catalytic reactions, expand the chemical biology toolbox, substitute unstable natural enzymes in the biological detection and biosensors, and fabricate the biomimetic cascade reactions. Thus, in this review, we summarize the recent outstanding works in switchable catalysts based on the allosterism of single molecules, supramolecular complexes, and self‐assemblies. The concept of allosterism was extended from natural proteins to polymers, organic molecules, and supramolecular systems. In terms of the difference between these building scaffolds, a variety of design methods that tailor biological and synthetic molecules into controllable catalysts were introduced with emphasis.
Quinoa flour as a skim milk powder replacer in concentrated yogurts: Effect on their physicochemical, technological, and sensory properties
Authors: Alkobeisi Fatemeh , Varidi Mohammad Javad , Varidi Mehdi , Nooshkam Majid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMilk standardization with solids (i.e., nonfat milk solids, MSNF) for yogurt manufacture is traditionally achieved by the addition of skim milk powder (SMP). However, the addition of SMP to milk‐based yogurt increases lactose content and decreases both protein content and gel firmness. Thus, in this work, quinoa flour (QF; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% w/w) was used to replace SMP in concentrated yogurt. The physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties and microstructure of the yogurt were evaluated during cold storage. Generally, protein content, water‐holding capacity, and L* value decreased, while syneresis, textural attributes, and viscosity increased with increasing QF content. The substitution of high levels of QF (>25%, w/w) for SMP led to significantly shorter fermentation times, as compared to the control sample. The scanning electron microscopy observations showed significant changes in the yogurt microstructure as a consequence of QF replacement. Samples with 25% (w/w) substitution of QF and control had the highest scores in overall acceptance. According to the results, QF could be applied as an interesting raw material for concentrating the milk‐based yogurt at substitution level of 25% (w/w).
Linking soil fungi to bacterial community assembly in arid ecosystems
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Chu Haiyan , Zhang Baogang , Wei Xiaorong , Chen Weimin , Wei Gehong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRevealing the roles of biotic factors in driving community assembly, which is crucial for the understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, is a fundamental but infrequently investigated subject in microbial ecology. Here, combining a cross‐biome observational study with an experimental microcosm study, we provided evidence to reveal the major roles of biotic factors (i.e., soil fungi and cross‐kingdom species associations) in determining soil bacterial biogeography and community assembly in complex terrestrial ecosystems of the arid regions of northwest China. The results showed that the soil fungal richness mediates the balance of assembly processes of bacterial communities, and stochastic assembly processes decreased with increasing fungal richness. Our results further suggest that the predicted increase in aridity conditions due to climate change will reduce bacterial α‐diversity, particularly in desert soils and subsurface layer, and induce more negative species associations. Together, our study represents a significant advance in linking soil fungi to the mechanisms underlying bacterial biogeographic patterns and community assembly in arid ecosystems under climate aridity and land‐use change scenarios.
Managing agricultural water resources: Addressing the complexity of innovation, social perspectives, and water governance in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasiri Maveekumbure Manthreethilaka Jayasiri Gamaralalage Chathuri , Yadav Sudhir , Dayawansa Nandani Dhammika Kumari , Ingold Karin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIrrigation plays a vital role in world food security. Agriculture accounts for 70% of freshwater withdrawals worldwide, and the figure is even higher in developing countries like Sri Lanka. The rapid expansion of anthropogenic activities, together with the anticipated climatic risks associated with them, is exacerbating the problem of increasing agricultural water demand. Although it has been recognized for decades, improving irrigation water‐use efficiency and water productivity is still considered the most realistic option for addressing the challenge of sustainable management of water resources. However, adoption of recommended water‐efficient technologies and concepts remains elusive in practice, highlighting the gaps created by failing to consider social perspectives in developing water management strategies. As a result, the effectiveness of water governance has often been questioned in terms of performance and adoption of innovative technologies. This paper reviews and discusses the complexity of innovation through a technical, social, and institutional lens by reviewing available research on Sri Lanka's river basins and presents a perspective on opportunities for improving irrigation water management.
Blind deconvolution in autocorrelation inversion for multiview light‐sheet microscopy
Authors: Corbetta Elena , Candeo Alessia , Bassi Andrea , Ancora Daniele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCombining the information coming from multiview acquisitions is a problem of great interest in light‐sheet microscopy. Aligning the views and increasing the resolution of their fusion can be challenging, especially if the setup is not fully calibrated. Here, we tackle these issues by proposing a new reconstruction method based on autocorrelation inversion that avoids alignment procedures. On top of this, we add a blind deconvolution step to improve the resolution of the final reconstruction. Our method permits us to achieve inherently aligned, highly resolved reconstructions while, at the same time, estimating the unknown point‐spread function of the system.Research Highlights
We tackle the problem of multiview light‐sheet deconvolution with a blind approach of autocorrelation inversion
Our method recovers the object and PSF, requires no alignment and calibration, and enhances the reconstruction of the specimen.