bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome differences between wild and aquarium whitespotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari)
Authors: Clavere-Graciette Ana G. , McWhirt Mary E. , Hoopes Lisa A. , Bassos-Hull Kim , Wilkinson Krystan A. , Stewart Frank J. , Pratte Zoe A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnimal-associated microbiomes can be influenced by both host and environmental factors. Comparing wild animals to those in zoos or aquariums can help disentangle the effects of host versus environmental factors, while also testing whether managed conditions foster a ‘natural’ host microbiome. Focusing on an endangered elasmobranch species—the whitespotted eagle rayAetobatus narinari—we compared the skin, gill, and cloaca microbiomes of wild individuals to those at Georgia Aquarium. Whitespotted eagle ray microbiomes from Georgia Aquarium were also compared to those of cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in the same exhibit, allowing us to explore the effect of host identity on the ray microbiome.ResultsLong-term veterinary monitoring indicated that the rays in managed care did not have a history of disease and maintained health parameters consistent with those of wild individuals, with one exception. Aquarium whitespotted eagle rays were regularly treated to control parasite loads, but the effects on animal health were subclinical. Microbiome α- and β-diversity differed between wild versus aquarium whitespotted eagle rays at all body sites, with α-diversity significantly higher in wild individuals. β-diversity differences in wild versus aquarium whitespotted eagle rays were greater for skin and gill microbiomes compared to those of the cloaca. At each body site, we also detected microbial taxa shared between wild and aquarium eagle rays. Additionally, the cloaca, skin, and gill microbiomes of aquarium eagle rays differed from those of cownose rays in the same exhibit. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were at low abundance in all wild and aquarium rays.ConclusionFor whitespotted eagle rays, managed care was associated with a microbiome differing significantly from that of wild individuals. These differences were not absolute, as the microbiome of aquarium rays shared members with that of wild counterparts and was distinct from that of a cohabitating ray species. Eagle rays under managed care appear healthy, suggesting that their microbiomes are not associated with compromised host health. However, the ray microbiome is dynamic, differing with both environmental factors and host identity. Monitoring of aquarium ray microbiomes over time may identify taxonomic patterns that co-vary with host health.
Cardiac angiosarcoma: a case report of a young female with pulmonary metastasis
Authors: Pournazari Mehran , Assar Shirin , Mohamadzadeh Dena , Mahdian Maryam , Soltani Setareh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Angiosarcoma is a malignant rare tumor that originates from vascular endothelial cells that cover lymphatic or blood vessels. Cardiac angiosarcoma is the most prevalent sarcoma entail the heart. It has low incidence rate and poor prognosis. Our effort through this report was raising awareness of uncommon manifestations of this disease and showing the importance of appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Case presentation
We present a case of cardiac angiosarcoma in a young female whose symptoms included dyspnea and hemoptysis with a history of pericardial effusion and a past history of cardiac surgery for suspected atrial Myxoma. She had history of several hospitalizations and relapse of symptoms a few months after each hospital discharge.

Conclusions
The unspecific symptoms of cardiac angiosarcoma made it difficult to make in time diagnose and appropriate treatment. Awareness of unspecific presentations of cardiac angiosarcoma is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment while delayed diagnosis may worsen the prognosis and even lead to death.
Use of a deep-learning-based lumen extraction method to detect significant stenosis on coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with severe coronary calcification
Authors: Inage Hidekazu , Tomizawa Nobuo , Otsuka Yujiro , Aoshima Chihiro , Kawaguchi Yuko , Takamura Kazuhisa , Matsumori Rie , Kamo Yuki , Nozaki Yui , Takahashi Daigo , Kudo Ayako , Hiki Makoto , Kogure Yosuke , Fujimoto Shinichiro , Minamino Tohru , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronary computed tomography angiography examinations are increasingly becoming established as a minimally invasive method for diagnosing coronary diseases. However, although various imaging and processing methods have been developed, coronary artery calcification remains a major limitation in the evaluation of the vascular lumen. Subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography (Sub-CCTA) is a method known to be able to reduce the influence of coronary artery calcification and is therefore feasible for improving the diagnosis of significant stenosis in patients with severe calcification. However, Sub-CCTA still involves some problems, such as the increased radiation dose due to plain (mask) imaging, extended breath-holding time, and misregistration due to differences in the imaging phase. Therefore, we considered using artificial intelligence instead of Sub-CCTA to visualize the coronary lumen with high calcification. Given this background, the present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep learning-based lumen extraction method (DL-LEM) to detect significant stenosis on CCTA in 99 consecutive patients (891 segments) with severe coronary calcification from November 2015 to March 2018. We also estimated the impact of DL-LEM on the medical economics in Japan.

Results
The DL-LEM slightly improved the per-segment diagnostic accuracy from 74.5 to 76.4%, and the area under the curve (AUC) slightly improved from 0.752 to 0.767 (p = 0.030). When analyzing the 228 segments that could not be evaluated because of severe calcification on the original CCTA images, the DL-LEM improved the accuracy from 35.5 to 42.5%, and the AUC improved from 0.500 to 0.587 (p = 0.00018). As a result, DL-LEM analysis could have avoided invasive coronary angiography in 4/99 cases (per patient). From the calculated results, it was estimated that the number of exams that can be avoided in Japan in one year is approximately 747 for invasive coronary angiography, 219 for fractional flow reserve, and 248 for nuclear exam. The total amount of medical fee that could be reduced was 225,629,368 JPY.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the DL-LEM may improve the diagnostic performance in detecting significant stenosis in patients with severe coronary calcification. In addition, the results suggest that not a small medical economic effect can be expected.
Cardiac surgery and the sustainable development goals: a review
Authors: Ghandour Hiba , Vervoort Dominique , Ravishankar Ramanish , Swain Ja Baris D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2015, the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as key priorities to improve the global health and international development agenda in an intersectoral manner, highlighting 17 SDGs. Six billion people lack access to safe, timely, and affordable cardiac surgical care due to capacity, geographic, and financial barriers. Nevertheless, cardiac surgery is largely disregarded on the global health agenda. In this review, we explore the intersection between cardiac surgery and the SDGs to delineate potential policy and advocacy avenues for the cardiothoracic surgical community.Main bodyA narrative review was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and WHO databases with variations of the search terms “cardiac surgery,” “cardiovascular diseases,” and keywords extracted from individual SDGs. All SDGs were manually reviewed to define intersectionality with global cardiac surgery. Out of 17 SDGs, 15 are relevant and require additional attention from the cardiovascular community. SDG3, “Good Health and Well-being,” is the most relevant, although the intersection between global cardiac surgery and other SDGs is apparent. A call for interdisciplinary collaboration through increased preventive mechanisms, rigorous, all-inclusive clinical trials, advocacy with relevant legislators, and mobilizing capacity building mechanisms are made.ConclusionMeeting the SDGs will require recognition of cardiovascular disease management, including cardiac surgical care. Cardiac surgeons are essential stakeholders of multidisciplinary collaborations working to improve access to safe, timely, and affordable cardiac surgery for all. Their role as advocates will be vital to establish local, national, regional, and international partnerships and to ensure progress towards SDG attainment.
Osimertinib-induced hearing loss: an uncommon aftereffect of a novel drug—a case report
Authors: Lim Chee Chean , Lu Jia Lei , Kulasegarah Jeyanthi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Epidermal growth factor  receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved survival outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, usage of TKIs is not without adverse effects, as it has been reported to cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Case presentation
We describe a 72-year-old man who experienced hearing loss after taking osimertinib for 6 months. Later, his hearing further declined over a period of 1 year. Hearing rehabilitation with high-powered behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid has helped to improve his quality of life to some degree. There were no other known causative factors leading to the hearing deterioration. To date, there is no case report on osimertinib-induced SNHL.

Conclusion
Physicians ought to counsel patients on osimertinib of this rare side effect and monitor for early signs of hearing loss. Treatment protocol should be in place taking into account that they have either failed or likely to fail the first- or second-line treatments and have advanced stage disease.
COVID-19 and tinnitus—a tertiary care Centre experience
Authors: Saraf Aditiya , Manhas Monika , Kalsotra Parmod , Ahmad Raies 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 outbreak was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by WHO. Due to person-to-person transmission of this infection, majority of countries of world introduced lockdown to ensure people stay at home. A complex bidirectional interaction exists between tinnitus and emotional distress, as they can exacerbate one another. Also, COVID-19 infection can cause damage to outer hair cells. The aim of this study is to find out relationship between COVID-19 and initiation or exacerbation of tinnitus.

Methods
The present retrospective study, after approval by Institutional Ethics Committee, was conducted in Department of ENT, GMC Jammu, from June 2020 to March 2021 on 90 patients with primary complaint of tinnitus. All 90 patients were asked to complete the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Also, all patients were asked COVID-19-related questions (history of contracting virus/history of grief/anxiety/depression/stress/nervousness/financial status/ physical exercise/sleep routine/ social interactions).

Results
Out of 90 patients, 72 patients (80%) had chronic longstanding tinnitus and 18 patients (20%) experienced tinnitus during pandemic. Out of 72 patients who gave history of longstanding tinnitus, 41 patients (56.9%) reported tinnitus to be stable during COVID-19 pandemic, 26 patients (36.1%) reported it to become more bothersome and 5 patients (6.9%) reported that tinnitus was improved. Out of 90 patients, 21 patients (23.3%) were diagnosed as COVID-19 positive. Of these 21 patients experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, 16 patients (76.2%) gave history of exacerbation of tinnitus, 4 patients (19%) gave history of tinnitus remaining stable and 1 patient (4.7%) said that tinnitus was improved. Out of 90 patients, history of negative psychological impact due to COVID-19 restrictions was seen in 65 patients (72.2%).

Conclusion
With our study, we concluded that ENT specialists should be fully aware that not only pre-existing tinnitus may be exaggerated due to COVID-19 infection, but also, there can be development of new-onset tinnitus due to COVID-19 infection and the negative psychological impact due to COVID-19 pandemic.
RuralCovidLife: A new resource for the impact of the pandemic on rural Scotland.
Authors: Stevenson Anna J , Huggins Charlotte F , Forbes Alison , Hume Jim , Fulton Grant , Thirlwall Claire , Miles Janet , Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Campbell Archie , Nangle Clifford , Dawson Rebecca , Edwards Rachel , Flaig Robin , Hartley Louise , Levein Christie , McCartney Daniel L , Deary Ian J , Hayward Caroline , Marioni Riccardo E , McIntosh Andrew M , Sudlow Cathie , Porteous David J 
Published: May 2022

RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland’s CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland’s rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic. During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders. Through this consultation work, the RuralCovidLife survey was developed to assess the issues most pertinent to people in rural communities, such as mental health, employment, transport, connectivity, and local communities. Between 14th October and 30th November 2020, 3,365 participants from rural areas in Scotland took part in the survey. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 96 (mean = 58.4, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3), and the majority of the participants were female (70.5%). Over half (51.3%) had taken part in the original CovidLife survey. RuralCovidLife includes a subsample (n = 523) of participants from the Generation Scotland cohort. Pre-pandemic data on health and lifestyle, as well as biological samples, are available for these participants. These participants’ data can also be linked to past and future healthcare records, allowing analysis of retrospective and prospective health outcomes. Like Generation Scotland, RuralCovidLife is designed as a resource for researchers. RuralCovidLife data, as well as the linked Generation Scotland data, is available for use by external researchers following approval from the Generation Scotland Access Committee. RuralCovidLife can be used to investigate mental health, well-being, and behaviour in participants living in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparisons with non-rural samples. Moreover, the sub-sample with full Generation Scotland data and linkage can be used to investigate the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities.
MOTIVATION FOR OBTAINING HIGHER EDUCATION BY FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS
Authors: Maltseva Svetlana M. , Voronkova Anna A. , Orinchuk Vyacheslav A. , Syabitova Kseniya S. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The process of forming a student’s readiness for future professional activity requires a developed motivational sphere of personality. Professional motivation is the leading driving factor of successful learning. The actual needs of the individual here should have a close connection with their satisfaction through the solution of educational tasks related to the chosen field of activity. However, the authors note that the motives of admission to university for first-year students do not sufficiently coincide with the motives of learning a particular profession.
The aim of the work was to pose the problem of insufficient use of the axiological approach in teaching as a condition for professional development.
The research methodology is related to the substantiation of a value-based approach to choosing and obtaining a profession.
Results. Analysis of the data obtained during the survey of 310 students showed that for the vast majority of them, higher education is an important factor for getting a high-paying job, but many also believe that even without higher education, a person is able to get a good job in life and get a prestigious profession. It is characteristic that respondents mostly consider their choice to be independent, positively affecting a person’s personal growth, however, almost a third of them prefer not to think about the fact that they will need to work according to the chosen profile. Such a choice cannot be called fully conscious. As a result, the motivation to learn and the quality of the educational result decreases. The authors come to the conclusion that the axiological approach in the learning process already in the first years allows them to direct their value orientations towards showing more interest in the chosen profession.
COVID-19 Myopericarditis in a Young Healthy Male
Authors: Bandeira Matilde , Serrazina Juliana , Santos Carolina António , Jacinto Nuno , Pais de Lacerda António 
Published: May 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection can present in different clinical forms, most commonly as bilateral pneumonia, but also with pericardial/myocardial involvement. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is associated with worse outcomes. The authors report a case of myopericarditis as the primary manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 20-year-old male patient with no known cardiovascular (CV) disorders or risk factors. The patient presented with pleuritic chest pain and high fever, with no respiratory symptoms. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram changes were consistent with pericarditis; concomitant elevation of cardiac enzymes revealed myocardial involvement. The patient had a slow but favourable evolution with no apparent impact on cardiac function. Other causes of myopericarditis were excluded and SARS-CoV-2 admitted as the most likely aetiological agent. This case highlights possible cardiac involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection with little or no pulmonary disease in a young healthy patient. Such systemic and potentially troublesome manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being described.
Population density survey of white-bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in high conservation value forest area of palm oil plantation company, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: NURVIANTO SANDY , ADRIYANTI DWI T. , HAMDAN FAUZI , TRIYANTO JOKO , DARMANTO AGUS 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Nurvianto S, Adrianti DT, Hamdan F, Triyanto J, Darmanto A. 2022. Population density survey of white-bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in high conservation value forest area of palm oil plantation company, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2245-2254. Bornean white-bearded gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis Lyon, 1911) or Bornean agile gibbon or southern gibbon is an endemic primate of Borneo and its distribution is limited to the forest areas in Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, its habitat is not restricted to the natural and undisturbed forest because this species also utilizes some forest blocks around rubber and palm oil plantation as habitats. This study aimed to estimate this species' population density and distribution in the five conservation blocks of PT Sawit Sumbermas Sarana (PT SSS), Indonesia and identify factors affecting its distribution. A field survey was conducted in five high conservation value forest areas inside the PT SSS management area, namely Pondok Duku Block, East Bravo Rangda Block, West Bravo Rangda Block, Tanjung Biru Block, and forest blocks around Kenambui Lake. Data was collected from April to May 2019 using the auditory sampling method through predetermined fixed Listening Posts (LP) to record population data. In addition, the protocol sampling technique was employed to systematically record the habitat features within the research site by establishing 0.04 ha plots systematically with a distance between plots of 400 m. Factors affecting gibbon distribution were identified using binary logistic regression. From the field survey, we identified that the southern gibbon was only found in East Bravo Rangda Block and Tanjung Biru Block with a population density of 4.26 ± 0.12 group/km² or 8.53 ± 0.34 individual/km² and 4.26 ± 0.12 group/km² or 8.53 ± 0.34 individual/km², respectively. Gibbon distribution was significantly associated with the number of seedlings (0.024±0.010, P=0.015), saplings (0.128±0.042, P=0.002), and trees (0.225±0.110, P=0.042. This result showed that vegetation condition strongly influences the presence of gibbon in an area.
Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene as an accurate DNA barcode for identification of macroscopic fungus in Aceh
Authors: HARNELLY ESSY , KUSUMA HENDRIX INDRA , THOMY ZAIRIN , SAMINGAN SAMINGAN 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Harnelly E, Kusuma HI, Thomy Z, Samingan. 2022. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene as an accurate DNA barcode for identification of macroscopic fungus in Aceh. Biodiversitas 23: 2369-2378. Fungal identification is crucial in determining the fungal’s role and benefits and is usually carried out by morphological observation. However, this technique takes a long time and depends on the accuracy of an expert. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the accuracy of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene to identify macroscopic fungi from Aceh, Indonesia. 23 samples were collected from the Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park in Aceh, Indonesia. Samples were extracted, amplified, electrophoresed, and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified products was analyzed by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). 7 out of the 11 samples with good and regular peaks were continued until further analyzed using BLAST. The results showed that samples aga2, aga4, aga5, aga6, aga9, rus, and pol were identified as Pleurocollybia sp., Pleurotus djamour, Filoboletus manipularis, Schyzophillum commune, Gymnopilus lepidotus,Auriscalpium vulgare, and Gyrodontium sacchari, respectively. The study findings indicate that the use of the ITS gene as a barcode effectively separates up to the species level from the type. This is very helpful in the identification process, especially when distinguishing cryptic species clearly because of their similarity, which is difficult to distinguish morphologically.
Microwave photonics broadband unambiguous frequency measurement based on a Sagnac loop and a linear optical filter
Authors: Zhang Yinling , Shang Tao , Li Gufeng , Liu Xiongchao , Chen Dan , Li Zhaokun 
Published: May 2022

We propose an instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) scheme featured with unambiguous measurement utilizing a Sagnac loop with an embedded bi-directional phase modulator and an optical filter with a linear frequency response. The frequency of the microwave signal to be measured is instantaneously estimated by calculating an amplitude comparison function (ACF) of photocurrents from the upper and lower branches of the proposed structure. Compared to previous IFM schemes, the ACF in the proposed scheme is monotonic, by which the frequency of the unknown microwave signal can be uniquely confirmed without ambiguity. Only one laser source and a phase modulator are needed, which simplifies the measurement system. In addition, the monotonous ACF can guarantee measurement accuracy in a wide range, from low frequency to high frequency. The IFM system has robustness in optical and RF power shifts. Simulation results show that frequency measurement over the range of 30 GHz with a measurement error of 0.4 GHz is achieved.