bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of deep-submarine volcanic eruptions
Authors: Newland Eric L. , Mingotti Nicola , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeposits from explosive submarine eruptions have been found in the deep sea, 1–4 km below the surface, with both flow and fall deposits extending several km’s over the seafloor. A model of a turbulent fountain suggests that after rising 10–20 m above the vent, the erupting particle-laden mixture entrains and mixes with sufficient seawater that it becomes denser than seawater. The momentum of the resulting negatively buoyant fountain is only sufficient to carry the material 50–200 m above the seafloor and much of the solid material then collapses to the seafloor; this will not produce the far-reaching fall deposits observed on the seabed. However, new laboratory experiments show that particle sedimentation at the top of the fountain enables some of the hot, buoyant water in the fountain to separate from the collapsing flow and continue rising as a buoyant plume until it forms a radially spreading intrusion higher in the water column. With eruption rates of 10$$^6$$

6

–10$$^7$$

7

$$\hbox {kg s}^{-1}$$

kg

s

-
1

, we estimate that this warm water may rise a few 100’s m above the fountain. Some of the finer grained pyroclasts can be carried upwards by this flow and as they spread out in the radial intrusion, they gradually sediment to form a fall deposit which may extend 1000’s m from the source. Meanwhile, material collapsing from the dense fountain forms aqueous pyroclastic flows which may also spread 1000’s m from the vent forming a flow deposit on the seabed. Quantification of the controls on the concurrent fall and flow deposits, and comparison with field observations, including from the 2012 eruption of Havre Volcano in the South Pacific, open the way to new understanding of submarine eruptions.
Measurement of the mass-flow-rate characterization parameters of high-pressure pneumatic servo slide valves
Authors: Zhang Dijia , Gao Longlong , Zhou Shaoliang , Ma Yuxuan , Li Baoren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mass-flow-rate characteristics of high-pressure pneumatic servo valves (HPSVs) have an important effect on the dynamic performance of high-pressure servo systems. However, these characteristics are difficult to obtain by theoretical calculations and flowmeter measurements owing to the compressibility of high-pressure gas. In this paper, a new measurement method of the mass-flow-rate characterization parameters of HPSVs is proposed based on the principle of the series connection sonic discharge of valve orifices. The effective cross-sectional area and critical pressure ratio of the servo valve orifices can be accurately and efficiently determined by connecting two valve orifices in series and exchanging the flow sequence of the two valve orifices. The two assumptions including the sonic and adiabatic discharge of the proposed measurement method were verified. A comparison between the test and simulation data showed that the accuracy of the measured effective cross-sectional area and critical pressure ratio of the HPSV was high. The measured critical pressure ratio ranged from 0.46 to 0.50, and the flow coefficient represented by the effective cross-sectional area variation decreased with increasing valve opening. These findings have general implications for the accurate design, analysis, and control of high-pressure pneumatic servo systems.
NLRP3 priming due to skin damage precedes LTP allergic sensitization in a mouse model
Authors: Pazos-Castro Diego , Gonzalez-Klein Zulema , Montalvo Alma Yuste , Hernandez-Ramirez Guadalupe , Romero-Sahagun Alejandro , Esteban Vanesa , Garrido-Arandia Maria , Tome-Amat Jaime , Diaz-Perales Araceli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAllergic sensitization is initiated by protein and epithelia interaction, although the molecular mechanisms leading this encounter toward an allergic phenotype remain unknown. Here, we apply the two-hit hypothesis of inflammatory diseases to the study of food allergy sensitization. First, we studied the effects of long-term depilation in mice by analyzing samples at different time points. Several weeks of depilation were needed until clear immunological changes were evidenced, starting with upregulation of NLRP3 protein levels, which was followed by overexpression of Il1b and Il18 transcripts. Secondly, we assessed the effects of allergen addition (in this case, Pru p 3 in complex with its natural lipid ligand) over depilated skin. Systemic sensitization was evaluated by intraperitoneal provocation with Pru p 3 and measure of body temperature. Anaphylaxis was achieved, but only in mice sensitized with Prup3_complex and not treated with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, thus demonstrating the importance of both hits (depilation + allergen addition) in the consecution of the allergic phenotype. In addition, allergen encounter (but not depilation) promoted skin remodeling, as well as CD45+ infiltration not only in the sensitized area (the skin), but across several mucosal tissues (skin, lungs, and gut), furtherly validating the systemization of the response. Finally, a low-scale study with human ILC2s is reported, where we demonstrate that Prup3_complex can induce their phenotype switch (↑CD86, ↑S1P1) when cultured in vitro, although more data is needed to understand the implications of these changes in food allergy development.
Visualization of defect induced in-gap states in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Trainer Daniel J. , Nieminen Jouko , Bobba Fabrizio , Wang Baokai , Xi Xiaoxing , Bansil Arun , Iavarone Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAtomic-scale intrinsic defects play a key role in controlling functional electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we present a low-temperature scanning–tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy investigation of a common point-defect in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). We employ a sample preparation method in which the film surface is never exposed to air so that the native dangling bonds surrounding the defects in the film are preserved. Molybdenum vacancies are identified by their three characteristic in-gap resonances by combining scanning–tunneling measurements with parallel Green’s function-based theoretical modeling. The relative energy shifts between the various in-gap states allow us to identify a relative charge difference between two of the observed vacancies. The role of the substrate on the band structure of the defective MoS2 monolayer is unveiled. Our study highlights the effects of the substrate on the in-gap states of common defects found in MoS2 providing a pathway in designing and optimizing 2D materials for electronic applications.
Unraveling the hidden temporal range of fast β2-adrenergic receptor mobility by time-resolved fluorescence
Authors: Balakrishnan Ashwin , Hemmen Katherina , Choudhury Susobhan , Krohn Jan-Hagen , Jansen Kerstin , Friedrich Mike , Beliu Gerti , Sauer Markus , Lohse Martin J. , Heinze Katrin G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are hypothesized to possess molecular mobility over a wide temporal range. Until now the temporal range has not been fully accessible due to the crucially limited temporal range of available methods. This in turn, may lead relevant dynamic constants to remain masked. Here, we expand this dynamic range by combining fluorescent techniques using a spot confocal setup. We decipher mobility constants of β2-adrenergic receptor over a wide time range (nanosecond to second). Particularly, a translational mobility (10 µm²/s), one order of magnitude faster than membrane associated lateral mobility that explains membrane protein turnover and suggests a wider picture of the GPCR availability on the plasma membrane. And a so far elusive rotational mobility (1-200 µs) which depicts a previously overlooked dynamic component that, despite all complexity, behaves largely as predicted by the Saffman-Delbrück model.
Common synaptic phenotypes arising from diverse mutations in the human NMDA receptor subunit GluN2A
Authors: Elmasri Marwa , Hunter Daniel William , Winchester Giles , Bates Ella Emine , Aziz Wajeeha , Van Der Does Does Moolenaar , Karachaliou Eirini , Sakimura Kenji , Penn Andrew. Charles 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDominant mutations in the human gene GRIN2A, encoding NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2A, make a significant and growing contribution to the catalogue of published single-gene epilepsies. Understanding the disease mechanism in these epilepsy patients is complicated by the surprising diversity of effects that the mutations have on NMDARs. Here we have examined the cell-autonomous effect of five GluN2A mutations, 3 loss-of-function and 2 gain-of-function, on evoked NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents (NMDA-EPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in cultured hippocampal slices. Despite the mutants differing in their functional incorporation at synapses, prolonged NMDA-EPSC current decays (with only marginal changes in charge transfer) were a common effect for both gain- and loss-of-function mutants. Modelling NMDA-EPSCs with mutant properties in a CA1 neuron revealed that the effect of GRIN2A mutations can lead to abnormal temporal integration and spine calcium dynamics during trains of concerted synaptic activity. Investigations beyond establishing the molecular defects of GluN2A mutants are much needed to understand their impact on synaptic transmission.
Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
Authors: Bonagas Nadilly , Gustafsson Nina M. S. , Henriksson Martin , Marttila Petra , Gustafsson Robert , Wiita Elisée , Borhade Sanjay , Green Alanna C. , Vallin Karl S. A. , Sarno Antonio , Svensson Richard , Göktürk Camilla , Pham Therese , Jemth Ann-Sofie , Loseva Olga , Cookson Victoria , Kiweler Nicole , Sandberg Lars , Rasti Azita , Unterlass Judith E. , Haraldsson Martin , Andersson Yasmin , Scaletti Emma R. , Bengtsson Christoffer , Paulin Cynthia B. J. , Sanjiv Kumar , Abdurakhmanov Eldar , Pudelko Linda , Kunz Ben , Desroses Matthieu , Iliev Petar , Färnegårdh Katarina , Krämer Andreas , Garg Neeraj , Michel Maurice , Häggblad Sara , Jarvius Malin , Kalderén Christina , Jensen Amanda Bögedahl , Almlöf Ingrid , Karsten Stella , Zhang Si Min , Häggblad Maria , Eriksson Anders , Liu Jianping , Glinghammar Björn , Nekhotiaeva Natalia , Klingegård Fredrik , Koolmeister Tobias , Martens Ulf , Llona-Minguez Sabin , Moulson Ruth , Nordström Helena , Parrow Vendela , Dahllund Leif , Sjöberg Birger , Vargas Irene L. , Vo Duy Duc , Wannberg Johan , Knapp Stefan , Krokan Hans E. , Arvidsson Per I. , Scobie Martin , Meiser Johannes , Stenmark Pål , Berglund Ulrika Warpman , Homan Evert J. , Helleday Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors.
Multi-functional switch effect in interlocking molecular rotators-on-graphene systems using electric fields
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Qi Fei , Zhao Rundong , Qiu Zijie , Li Yun , Long Mengqiu , Zhou Guanghui 
Published: February 2022

We investigate the molecular gears of interlocking rotating 1,2,3,4,5,6-benzenehexacarbonitrile molecules on a graphene nanoribbon. Interestingly, the double-induced switching effect has been demonstrated in our proposed system of molecular motor.
Increasing Student Confidence With Medically Complex Infants Through Simulation: A Mixed Methods Investigation
Authors: Clinard Erin S. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare student knowledge and confidence, related to the assessment and management of oral feeding readiness in medically complex infants, following a written case study versus a high-fidelity human patient simulation (HPS).

Method:

A sequential, two-phase, embedded mixed methods design was conducted. Participants were two sequential cohorts of second-year speech-language pathology graduate students enrolled in a didactic Pediatric Dysphagia course. At the end of the course, students completed the same case scenario presented as a written case study (control group;
N
= 28) or as an HPS (experimental group;
N
= 24). Pre– and post–knowledge assessment results and self-assessments of confidence conducted at three time points were compared.

Results:
All students made gains in knowledge, regardless of intervention (written case study or HPS). Despite different baselines, the percent change in knowledge was significant with the control group improving 33% and the experimental group improving 76% from baseline. Students in the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater gains in confidence with skills enhanced by the hands-on, immersive experience of HPS. Qualitative analysis further identified factors contributing to increased confidence with all students reporting that experience significantly contributes to their confidence in their ability to treat patients.

Conclusions:
While knowledge outcomes were similar between the groups, the confidence that the experimental group gained through the hands-on experiences of HPS fosters student development as confident professionals in assessing feeding readiness and managing medically complex infants. Results support integration of simulation into the graduate curriculum to support student learning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19233504
GA based energy efficiency resource allocation in heterogeneous networks with MRC
Authors: Qi Xiaomin , Khattak Shahid , Mustafa Syed Shahid , Khan Imdad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe energy efficiency (EE) resource allocation problem for downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) of wireless communication is investigated in this article. A coordinated multipoint (CoMP) network consisting of a microcell and multiple picocells interconnected via a backhaul network is considered. The mathematical form of EE maximization is a fractional, mixed‐integer, nonlinear programming, and NP‐hard to solve. Genetic algorithm (GA) based scheme is developed for solving the formulated maximization problem. For GA based scheme, a normal GA is used for resource blocks (RBs) allocation and for the power distribution process, instead of transforming the fractional objective function into a parametric subtractive form, a multi‐objective optimization problem (MOOP) is formed and then non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is applied to tackle the MOOP. Finally, the simulation process is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and the results show that the performance of GA based scheme outperforms the benchmark scheme.
Efficient and secure communication scheme for OFDM system based on physical layer non‐reconciled keys
Authors: Song Xuanyan , Jin Liang , Huang Kaizhi , Xiao Shuaifang , Sun Xiaoli , Zhao Jianlei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe secure communication scheme based on physical layer non‐reconciled keys receives extensive attention due to its high encryption rate. However, the mismatched secret bit sequences between the two users leads to higher BER and lower coding efficiency for this type of scheme. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an efficient and secure communication scheme for OFDM system with non‐reconciled keys. Initially, an adaptive coding method is designed to encode information blocks with different code rates to improve the overall efficiency. Then, on this basis, a sorting xor encryption algorithm is designed to reduce the bit error rate by sorting the channel estimation value and mapping them to corresponding sub‐channels. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that this scheme can effectively reduce the bit error rate and improve the efficiency of information coding compared to the existing method.
Prävention von COVID-19
Authors: Bretschneider Maxi Pia , Rohner Markus , Bornstein Stefan R. , Schwarz Peter E. H. 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEin Großteil der Menschen, die an einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion versterben, sind Diabetiker. Ein noch größerer Anteil der COVID-19-Verstorbenen nach einem Impfdurchbruch sind Diabetiker. Es scheint so zu sein, dass die Co-Inzidenz von Diabetes sowie metabolischem Syndrom und der COVID-19-Erkrankung ein entscheidender Trigger für Morbidität und auch Mortalität der Diabetes-COVID-19-Patienten darstellt. Im Umkehrschluss kann eine Reduktion der Risikofaktoren für Diabetes und metabolisches Syndrom eine COVID-19-Erkrankung vorbeugen, aber auch im Verlauf und vor allem bei Long-COVID und Post-COVID positive Effekte auf die Morbidität der Patienten haben. Letztendlich sind Maßnahmen zur Prävention eines Diabetes, und insbesondere die mit einer antientzündlichen Komponente, auch Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Morbidität und Mortalität einer COVID-19-Erkrankung.
The Role of Transanal Endoscopic Surgery for Early Rectal Cancer
Authors: Berger Natalie F. , Sylla Patricia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransanal endoscopic surgery (TES), which is performed through a variety of transanal endoluminal multitasking surgical platforms, was developed to facilitate endoscopic en bloc excision of rectal lesions as a minimally invasive alternative to radical proctectomy. Although the oncologic safety of TES in the treatment of malignant rectal tumors has been an area of vigorous controversy over the past two decades, TES is currently accepted as an oncologically safe approach for the treatment of carefully selected early and superficial rectal cancers. TES can also serve as both a diagnostic and potentially curative treatment of partially resected unsuspected malignant polyps. In this article, indications and contraindications for transanal endoscopic excision of early rectal cancer lesions are reviewed, as well as selection criteria for the most appropriate transanal excisional approach. Preoperative preparation and surgical technique for complications of TES will be reviewed, as well as recommended surveillance and management of upstaged tumors.
Transanal Local Excision of Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation: Is There a Place for It or Should Be Avoided at All Costs?
Authors: Perez Rodrigo Oliva , Julião Guilherme Pagin São , Vailati Bruna Borba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) with tumor downsizing and downstaging has significantly impacted the number of patients considered to be appropriate candidates for transanal local excision (TLE). Some patients may harbor small residual lesions, restricted to the bowel wall. These patients, who exhibit major response (“near-complete”) by digital rectal examination, endoscopic assessment, and radiological assessment may be considered for this approach. Although TLE is associated with minimal postoperative morbidity, a few clinical consequences and oncological outcomes must be evaluated in advance and with caution. In the setting of nCRT, a higher risk for clinically relevant wound dehiscences leading to a considerable risk for readmission for pain management has been observed. Worse anorectal function (still better than after total mesorectal excision [TME]), worsening in the quality of TME specimen, and higher rates of abdominal resections (in cases requiring completion TME) have been reported. The exuberant scar observed in the area of TLE also represents a challenging finding during follow-up of these patients. Local excision should be probably restricted for patients with primary tumors located at or below the level of the anorectal ring (magnetic resonance defined). These patients are otherwise candidates for abdominal perineal resections or ultra-low anterior resections with coloanal anastomosis frequently requiring definitive stomas or considerably poor anorectal function.
Development of the Three-Clinic Hearing Aid Selection Profile (HASP)
Authors: Jacobson Gary P. , Newman Craig W. , Fabry David A. , Sandridge Sharon A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Three-Clinic Hearing Aid Selection Profile (HASP) was developed to assess a patient's beliefs about a number of basic considerations felt to be critical to the hearing aid selection (HAS) process. These characteristics are felt to be key to the acceptance of amplification and include motivation, expectations, cost of goods and services, appearance (cosmesis), attitudes about technology, physical function/limitations, communication needs, and lifestyle. The results of the first investigation suggest that we have been successful in developing a 40–item metric with adequate internal consistency reliability that assesses the aforementioned characteristics. Second, results of the administration of this tool to a large group of individuals indicated that (1) age impacted scores on the Technology, Physical Function, and Communicative Needs subscales; (2) gender impacted scores on the Motivation, Expectation, Technology, Communicative Needs, and Appearance subscales; (3) previous hearing aid use affected scores on the Motivation subscale; (4) level of education impacted scores on the Physical Function and Lifestyle subscales; and (5) self-perceived hearing handicap had an effect on Motivation and Communicative Needs subscale scores. Percentile data collected from this subject sample are presented as a benchmark against which to evaluate responses from individual patients. Case studies are presented to illustrate the potential clinical utility of this device.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CIC = completely in the canal, COSI = Client Oriented Scale of Improvement, DSP = digital signal processing, HAS = hearing aid selection, HASP = Hearing Aid Selection Profile, HHIA = Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, HHIE = Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly
Estimating the Location of Probe Microphones Relative to the Tympanic Membrane
Authors: Storey Lydia , Dillon Harvey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis experiment investigated the accuracy with which the location of a probe tip relative to the tympanic membrane can be estimated by means of standing waves. The ear canal length of each ear of six adult subjects was measured with a probe tube using a tactile method. A 6–kHz warble tone was then generated, and the position of the standing wave notch in the ear canal was determined using a probe microphone by noting the place where the sound pressure level was at a minimum. The distance of the notch from the tympanic membrane was then calculated. The mean distance of the notch from the tympanic membrane was found to be 14.1 mm. It was concluded that this technique is reliable and suitable for clinical use when it is important that the probe tube be placed within a known distance of the eardrum for accurate measurement of real-ear aided gain.
Abbreviations: REAG = real-ear aided gain