bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in sex- and age-associated mortality in patients with anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis
Authors: He Shuangjun , Zhou Yuhong , Fan Chenyu , Ma Jun , Chen Yi , Wu Wanlong , Zhang Xingyu 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The effect of sex and age on the outcomes of patients with anti-melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+ DM) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of sex and age on the prognosis of patients with MDA5+ DM.

Methods
We included 251 patients (women, 156; men, 95), who were newly diagnosed with MDA5+ DM between 2014 and 2021. The outcome was 6-month all-cause mortality after the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the mortality. Adjusted restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to explore the non-linear relationship between age and outcomes.

Results
The 6-month mortality rates of women and men were 36.5% and 46.3%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that ≥60 years of age was significantly associated with the risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–5.78). The trend of the risk of 6-month mortality in men was relatively flat until 54 years and increased rapidly afterwards (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.29). In contrast, the 6-month mortality rate showed a low linear increasing trend with age among females.

Conclusions
Patients with MDA5+ DM, who received contemporary treatment, had unfavourable outcomes. The 6-month mortality risk increased with age, particularly in male patients aged &gt;54 years.
Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in non-dialysis CKD: an appraisal 2022s
Authors: Ketteler Markus , Bover Jordi , Mazzaferro Sandro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The situation of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease patients not on dialysis (ND-CKD) is probably best characterised by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorder Update 2017 guideline 4.2.1 stating that the optimal parathyroid hormone levels are not known in these stages. Furthermore, new caution became recommended with regard to the routine use of active vitamin D analogues in early CKD stages and moderate SHPT phenotypes, due to their potential risks for hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia aggravation. Nevertheless, there is still a substantial clinical need to prevent the development of parathyroid gland autonomy, with its associated consequences of bone and vascular damage, including fracture risks and cardiovascular events. Therefore we now attempt to review the current guideline-based and clinical practice management of SHPT in ND-CKD, including their strengths and weaknesses, favouring individualised approaches respecting calcium and phosphate homeostasis. We further comment on extended-release calcifediol (ERC) as a new differential therapeutic option now also available in Europe and on a potentially novel understanding of a required vitamin D saturation in more advanced CKD stages. There is no doubt, however, that knowledge gaps will remain unless powerful randomised controlled trials with hard and meaningful endpoints are performed.
Novel combination coccospheres fromHelicosphaeraspp indicate complex relationships between species
Authors: Sturm Daniela , Langer Gerald , Wheeler Glen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoccolithophores play an important role in global biogeochemical cycling, but many aspects of their ecology remain poorly understood, including their heteromorphic haplo-diplontic life cycle. The presence of combination coccospheres in environmental samples, which represent a transition between the lightly calcified haploid (HOL) and heavily calcified diploid (HET) life phases, provides crucial evidence linking the two life cycle phases of a particular species. Here, we describe combination coccospheres from the Southern Ocean that show a novel association between Helicosphaera hyalina (HET) and Helicosphaera HOL catilliferus type. The ability of Helicosphaera HET and HOL morphospecies to form multiple different combinations indicates a substantial complexity in the relationships between life cycle phases in this group. The findings suggest recent divergence within the Helicosphaera lineage may have resulted in significant inter- and intra-specific variability, with cryptic speciation in one or both life cycle phases contributing to their ability to form multiple HET/HOL associations.
Optimal Capital Structure with Stock Market Feedback
Authors: Machado Caio , Pereira Ana Elisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article studies optimal capital structure when firms learn from financial markets. We present a tractable model of stock market feedback with imperfect information aggregation. Debt issuance affects speculators’ incentives to trade both directly, by changing the payoff structure of equity holders, and indirectly, through an asset substitution effect. We show that issuing debt can increase market informativeness and firm value, and may eliminate a coordination failure equilibrium with no provision of market information. We derive the optimal capital structure in this setting and present novel empirical predictions regarding the relationship between market frictions, market informativeness, and capital structure. Once the effect of debt on market informativeness is considered, risky debt does not necessarily lead to risk shifting.
Hospital Surgical Volume Is Poorly Correlated With Delivery of Multimodal Treatment for Localized Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Powers Benjamin D. , McDonald James , Mhaskar Rahul , Lee Simon J. Craddock , Permuth Jennifer B. , Vadaparampil Susan , Gilbert Scott M. , Denbo Jason W. , Kim Dae Won , Pimiento Jose M. , Hodul Pamela J. , Malafa Mokenge P. , Anaya Daniel A. , Fleming Jason B. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Using Donabedian’s quality of care model, this study assessed process (hospital multimodal treatment) and structure (hospital surgical case volume) measures to evaluate localized pancreatic cancer outcomes.

Background:
Treatment at high surgical volume hospitals has been shown to improve short-term outcomes. However, multimodal treatment—surgery and chemotherapy—is the standard of care yet only received by 35% of US patients and has not been examined at the hospital level.

Methods:
The National Cancer Database was used to identify a cohort of clinical stage I pancreatic cancer patients eligible for multimodal treatment from 2004 to 2016. Hospital multimodal treatment was defined as the number of patients receiving surgery and chemotherapy by the number of eligible patients per hospital. Descriptive statistics and survival analyses were conducted.

Results:
A total of 16,771 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 68.0% received curative-intent surgery and 35.8% received multimodal treatment. There was poor correlation between hospital surgical volume and delivery of multimodal treatment (Spearman correlation 0.214; P < 0.001). Of patients cared for at the highest surgical volume hospitals, 18.8% and 52.1% were treated at hospitals with low (0%–25%) and moderate (>25%–50%) multimodal treatment delivery, respectively. Higher hospital multimodal treatment delivery was associated with improved overall survival.

Discussion:
Although the volume–outcome relationship for pancreatic cancer has demonstrated improved outcomes, this work identified poor correlation between hospital surgical volume and delivery of multimodal treatment. The role of care coordination in the delivery of multimodal treatment warrants further investigation as it is associated with improved survival for patients with localized pancreatic cancer.
Chopart Joint Injuries: Assessment, Treatment, and 10-Year Results
Authors: Rammelt Stefan , Missbach Tobias 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
To investigate injury patterns and long-term outcomes of midtarsal (Chopart) injuries in a sizeable number of patients.

Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
One hundred twenty-two patients (average age 37.6 years) with 128 Chopart injuries over a 15-year period, 27% of who were polytraumatized. In 47%, more than 1 of the 4 bones of the midtarsal joint was fractured. The navicular and cuboid were fractured most often. Purely ligamentous dislocations occurred in 4%.

Interventions:
Operative treatment tailored to the individual fracture pattern was performed in 91.4%.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Foot Function Index, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, SF-36 physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS).

Results:
Seventy-three patients with 75 Chopart injuries were available for follow-up at an average of 10.1 years. The Foot Function Index averaged 26.9, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score averaged 71.5, and the SF-36 PCS and MCS averaged 43.5 and 51.2, respectively. Negative prognostic factors were a high injury severity score, work-related accidents, open and multiple fractures, purely ligamentous dislocations, staged surgery, delay of treatment >4 weeks, postoperative infection, and primary or secondary fusion. Open reduction and internal fixation led to significantly better results than attempted closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. Radiographic signs of posttraumatic arthritis were observed in 93%, but only 4.7% of cases required a late fusion at the Chopart joint.

Conclusions:
Chopart joint injuries lead to functional restrictions in the long term. Purely ligamentous dislocations have the worst prognosis, whereas fractures of a single bone have a favorable outcome after anatomic reduction and internal fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ectopic Acsl6 Overexpression Partially Improves Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy In Vivo and Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy In Vitro
Authors: Xu Li , Liu Qiong , Long Tianyi , Peng Liming , Li Fei , Sun Zelin , Xie Qiying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The increase in cardiac myocyte size is a critical issue in cardiac hypertrophy development. In this study, 61 differentially expressed genes between hypertrophic rats and normal controls were enriched in the positive modulation of fatty acid uptake, fatty acid metabolism and degradation, cardiac conduction, and the oxidation of carbohydrates and other processes. Acsl6 was significantly downregulated in hypertrophic rat and mouse hearts according to online data. Based on the experimental data, Acsl6 was underexpressed in ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse model and isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy cell model. In vivo, Acsl6 overexpression partially attenuated ISO-induced increases in the cross-sectional area and cardiac hypertrophy, elevated hypertrophic markers, and caused impairment of cardiac function. In vitro, Acsl6 overexpression partially attenuated ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased hypertrophic markers. Conclusively, Ascl6 is downregulated in ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse model and ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy cell model. Acsl6 overexpression could partially improve cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro, possibly through the regulation of HIF-1α/Hippo pathway.
A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials on Lumateperone and Its Effects on Body Weight
Authors: Satodiya Ritvij M. , Brown Victoria R. , Njuguna Susan W. , Bied Adam M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a clinically relevant and concerning adverse effect of contemporary antipsychotic medications. Lumateperone is a novel antipsychotic, which became commercially available in 2020 and received Food and Drug Administration approval for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in 2019 and 2021, respectively. To date, no comprehensive review exists on its AIWG profile. This systematic review aims to assess the association between lumateperone and AIWG.

Methods
Data Sources: A comprehensive search of published studies on “lumateperone” OR “ITI-007” OR “Caplyta” was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL Complete, APA PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until January 2022.
Study Selection: A total of 149 articles in English were collected. After removing duplicates, all human trials on lumateperone were screened for the inclusion criteria.
Data Extraction: Two reviewers conducted an independent screening followed by full-text analysis of extracted studies adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Third reviewer resolved the conflicts as tiebreaker.

Results
Primary search generated 77 articles, excluding 72 duplicates, of which 51 were deemed appropriate for exclusion. Full-text analysis of the remaining 26 articles concluded with 5 studies for finalized review per inclusion criteria. Excluded studies were manually reviewed for relevant citation of studies per inclusion criteria. Three randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials and 2 open-label trials were derived from this systematic review. Lumateperone showed a favorable weight profile compared with placebo and alternate antipsychotics.

Conclusions
Lumateperone displays minimal to no weight gain among participants in the studies reviewed.
Establishing midwife-led continuity of care interventions in perinatal mental health in high-risk pregnancies: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Morlans-Lanau Miriam , González-Vives Maria L. , Rodríguez-Quiroga Alberto , Casbas Mayte M. , Klugarová Jitka , Klugar Miloslav 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
The current best practice implementation project aimed to improve the quality of continuity of care and emotional well-being in women with high-risk pregnancies.

Introduction:
Perinatal mental health disorders, such as perinatal depression and anxiety, are considered major health issues and are associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women with high-risk pregnancies are considered a group of women with a substantial vulnerability and the value of continuity of care is vital in this group.

Methods:
The current project used the pre–post implementation clinical audit following the JBI Evidence Implementation framework. A baseline audit and a follow-up audit were conducted involving 120 high-risk pregnant women in a hospital's obstetric unit. An intervention was performed establishing a midwife consultation and a referral circuit for the different healthcare professionals. A screening was performed through several validated questionnaires.

Results:
To reflect the continuum of care, three topics were selected, including antenatal psychosocial assessment, intrapartum care and postpartum depression assessment, with a total of 10 criteria. The baseline audit results showed 0% compliance in all the criteria since the proposed standards of care did not exist before the audit. After the implementation of the strategies, the compliance achieved 100% in all audit criteria. A multidisciplinary hospital guideline was established for standardized care and mental well-being care for high-risk pregnant women.

Conclusion:
Follow-up in the mental health of pregnant women is insufficient. Improving emotional well-being in pregnancy should be a target of clinical practice. More national and international guidelines to assess mental well-being during pregnancy and the postpartum period should be developed.
Confidence of probabilistic predictions modulates the cortical response to pain
Authors: Mulders Dounia , Seymour Ben , Mouraux André , Mancini Flavia 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPain typically evolves over time and the brain needs to learn this temporal evolution to predict how pain is likely to change in the future and orient behavior. This process is termed temporal statistical learning (TSL). Recently, it has been shown that TSL for pain sequences can be achieved using optimal Bayesian inference, which is encoded in somatosensory processing regions. Here, we investigate whether the confidence of these probabilistic predictions modulates the EEG response to noxious stimuli, using a TSL task. Confidence measures the uncertainty about the probabilistic prediction, irrespective of its actual outcome. Bayesian models dictate that the confidence about probabilistic predictions should be integrated with incoming inputs and weight learning, such that it modulates the early components of the EEG responses to noxious stimuli, and this should be captured by a negative correlation: when confidence is higher, the early neural responses are smaller as the brain relies more on expectations/predictions and less on sensory inputs (and vice versa). We show that participants were able to predict the sequence transition probabilities using Bayesian inference, with some forgetting. Then, we find that the confidence of these probabilistic predictions was negatively associated with the amplitude of the N2 and P2 components of the Vertex Potential: the more confident were participants about their predictions, the smaller was the Vertex Potential. These results confirm key predictions of a Bayesian learning model and clarify the functional significance of the early EEG responses to nociceptive stimuli, as being implicated in confidence-weighted statistical learning.SIGNIFICANCEThe functional significance of EEG responses to pain has long been debated because of their dramatic variability. This study indicates that such variability can be partly related to the confidence of probabilistic predictions emerging from sequences of pain inputs. The confidence of pain predictions is negatively associated with the cortical EEG responses to pain. This indicates that the brain relies less on sensory inputs when confidence is higher and shows us that confidence-weighted statistical learning modulates the cortical response to pain.
Exploring the role of the potential surface in the behaviour of early warning signals
Authors: Nugent Andrew , Southall Emma , Dyson Louise 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe theory of critical slowing down states that a system displays increasing relaxation times as it approaches a critical transition. These changes can be seen in statistics generated from timeseries data, which can be used as early warning signals of a transition. Such early warning signals would be of value for emerging infectious diseases or to understand when an endemic disease is close to elimination. However, in applications to a variety of epidemiological models there is frequent disagreement with the general theory of critical slowing down, with some indicators performing well on prevalence data but not when applied to incidence data. Furthermore, the alternative theory of critical speeding up predicts contradictory behaviour of early warning signals prior to some stochastic transitions. To investigate the possibility of observing critical speeding up in epidemiological models we characterise the behaviour of common early warning signals in terms of a system’s potential surface and noise around a quasi-steady state. We then describe a method to obtain these key features from timeseries data, taking as a case study a version of the SIS model, adapted to demonstrate either critical slowing down or critical speeding up. We show this method accurately reproduces the analytic potential surface and diffusion function, and that these results can be used to determine the behaviour of early warning signals and correctly identify signs of both critical slowing down and critical speeding up.
Expression QTLs in single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Gewirtz Ariel DH , Townes F William , Engelhardt Barbara E 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important drivers of gene expression variation and downstream phenotypes including disease risk. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows an unprecedented exploration of cell-type specific associations between gene expression levels and genotypes, but current methods rely on pseudobulk approaches that use composite expression values across cells and often use summary statistics within cell types, ignoring information across cell types and assuming cell type labels are accurate. Here, we extend our method, telescoping bimodal latent Dirichlet allocation (TBLDA), that identifies covarying genotypes and gene expression values when the matching from samples to cells is not one-to-one in order to allow cell-type label agnostic discovery of eQTLs in noncomposite scRNA-seq data. In particular, we add GPU-compatibility, sparse priors, and amortization to enable fast inference on large-scale scRNA-seq data. We apply single-cell TBLDA (scTBLDA) to 400K cells from 119 individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus and examine properties of features from each modality across the estimated latent factors. We use linked genes and SNPs to identify 205 cis-eQTLS, 66 trans-eQTLs, and 53 cell type proportion QTLs, which we then compare against prior studies of immune-cell eQTLs. Our results demonstrate the ability of scTBLDA to identify genes involved in cell-type specific regulatory processes associated with SNPs in single-cell data.
Preferential Publication Bias in Nepal’s Medical Journals
Authors: Pant Dipendra Prasad , Acharya Bikram , Kattel Mukunda Raj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article has explored the preferential publication bias of Nepal’s medical journals. To this end, it has reviewed the frequency and proportion of preferential publishing and editorial involvement in endogenous publication practices in six national medical journals registered in the Scopus database system. For the analysis of the data, social network analysis application – VOSviewer for graphical visualisation has been used. Editorial engagement in self-publishing and preferential publishing is found to be common in all journals. The study suggests that as long as the trend of preferential and sequestered publication continues, the integrity and validity generated and disseminated by the journals risks losing trust by the community concerned and the chances of these non-mainstream journals contributing to mainstream journals being slim. And, by way of recommendatory conclusions, it offers the following four questions and areas for further investigation to arrive at the clarity and understanding of some of the issues that have been flagged in the findings and discussions: (a) Why do editors engage in excess self-promotion using the outlet they are supposed to objectively and transparently manage? (b) What is the motivating factor for authors to rely on a particular journal to get published despite having multiple outlets to pick and choose from? (c) Why should the editors and reviewers of scientific contributions maintain the networking silo to include a few in the loop and exclude others from it?