bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of delayed versus immediate umbilical cord clamping in vaginal delivery at term: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: De Angelis Carlo , Saccone Gabriele , Sorichetti Elisa , Alagna Maurizio , Zizolfi Brunella , Gragnano Elisabetta , Legnante Antonietta , Sardo Attilio Di Spiezio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare maternal blood loss with immediate cord clamping versus delayed cord clamping in women undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery at term.MethodsParallel group non‐blinded randomized trial conducted at a single center in Italy. Women with singleton gestations who underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery at term were eligible and were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either immediate or delayed cord clamping. In the immediate cord clamping group, cord clamping was within 15 s after birth. In the delayed cord clamping group, cord clamping was after more than 60 s, or when the cord had stopped pulsing. The primary outcome was change in maternal hemoglobin level from the day of delivery to day one after delivery.ResultsA total of 122 participants were enrolled in the trial. There were no significant differences in maternal blood loss as assessed by comparing the decrease in maternal hemoglobin level (mean difference − 0.10 g/dl, 95% confidence interval − 0.28 to 0.08) between the two groups. The mean hemoglobin level at postdelivery day 1 was 11.0 ± 1.5 g/dl in the delayed group and 11.3 ± 1.6 g/dl in the immediate group.ConclusionsDelayed umbilical cord clamping, compared with immediate umbilical cord clamping, resulted in no significant change in maternal hemoglobin level 1 day after delivery.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04353544.
Interventions to improve access to care for abnormal uterine bleeding: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Kanagasabai Parimala Suganthini , Filoche Sara , Grainger Rebecca , Henry Claire , Hay‐Smith Jean 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) experience barriers to accessing healthcare services.ObjectivesTo identify and describe the evidence on interventions to improve healthcare access of women with AUB.Search strategyA systematic search of databases including Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane register for clinical trials on February 26, 2021.Selection criteriaStudies including women with AUB and investigating an intervention to improve access at the levels of individual patient, community, organization, health system, or medical education.Data collection and analysisData extraction and descriptive analysis of the country, study design, settings, participant characteristics, intervention, outcome measures, and key findings.Main resultsWe identified 20 studies and most interventions (13 studies) targeted organizational changes. Creating a multidisciplinary team, bringing services together and developing a care pathway improved the availability of services. Management of AUB in an outpatient setting improved the affordability. The use of decision aids improved patient engagement in consultations. There is a lack of interventions at an individual or community level targeting health literacy, health beliefs, social acceptability, and opportunity to reach and pay for services.ConclusionsCommunity‐based culturally‐adapted interventions focusing on access to women with different socio‐economic and cultural backgrounds should be investigated.
Effect of implementation of a colorimetric quantitative blood loss system for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Wolfe Maryalice , Kazma Jamil M. , Burke Ann B. , Ahmadzia Homa K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate if the implementation of a colorimetric quantitative blood loss (QBL) system during cesarean delivery improves clinical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis after cesarean section before and after implementation of the Triton based colorimetric QBL system. Prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage, amount of blood products transfused, length of hospitalization, and rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were compared.ResultsA total of 2221 patients were included. There were 1192 patients in the pre‐intervention group and 1029 patients in the post‐intervention group. There was no significant difference between groups in the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage (8.6% vs 9.3%, P = 0.57), amount of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) transfused (45 vs 30, P = 0.41) or average length of hospital stay in days (3.0 vs 3.0, P = 0.37). There was a statistically significant decrease in ICU admissions between the pre‐ and post‐intervention groups (2.2% vs 1.0%, P = 0.02).ConclusionThere was no effect of implementation of the colorimetric QBL application system on diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage, amount of blood products transfused, or length of hospital stay. Although a significant decrease in ICU admissions was observed, we could not determine if these transfers were hemorrhage related.
In silico prediction of potential drug‐induced nephrotoxicity with machine learning methods
Authors: Gong Yuning , Teng Dan , Wang Yimeng , Gu Yaxin , Wu Zengrui , Li Weihua , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, drug‐induced nephrotoxicity has been one of the main reasons for the failure of drug development. Early prediction of the nephrotoxicity for drug candidates is critical to the success of clinical trials. Therefore, it is very important to construct an effective model that can predict the potential nephrotoxicity of compounds. Machine learning methods have been widely used to predict the physicochemical properties, biological activities, and safety assessment of compounds. In this study, we manually collected 777 valid drug data and constructed a total of 72 classification models using nine types of molecular fingerprints combined with different machine learning algorithms. From experimental literature and the US FDA Drugs Database, some marketed drugs were screened for external validation of the models. Finally, three models exhibited good performance in the prediction of nephrotoxicity of both chemical drugs and Chinese herbal medicines. The best model was the support vector machine algorithm combined with CDK graph only fingerprint. Furthermore, the applicability domain of the models was analyzed according to the OECD principles, and we also used the SARpy and information gain methods to find eight substructures that might cause nephrotoxicity, so as to attract attention in the future drug discovery.
Symptom distress and disability: Different sides of the same coin? An investigation of the relationship between symptom distress and disability over time in patients receiving treatment for internalizing disorders
Authors: de Groot Marlies , Laceulle Odilia M. , Cissen Helma , Tiemens Bea , van der Heijden Paul T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost psychotherapy outcome research focuses on symptom reduction as a primary outcome. However, most patients do not seek psychological treatment exclusively for symptom relief, but mainly because they can no longer do what they want to do or used to do. Therefore, besides symptom reduction, also disability in daily functioning should be a focus of psychotherapy outcome research. Yet, until now there is a paucity in research pertaining to the relation between symptom reduction and reduction of disability during psychological treatment.AimsFor this reason, the aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between changes in symptom reduction (reduction in general symptom distress) and changes in self‐reported disability over a period of two years in patients that receive psychotherapy for mood and anxiety disorders (N = 1182).ResultsWe found strong correlations between both outcome measures at all measurement points. Furthermore, results demonstrated a decrease in both outcome measures from start to end of treatment with a moderate effect for symptom distress and a small effect for experienced disability. Cross‐lagged panel analysis demonstrated that a decrease in symptom distress predicted a subsequent decrease in self‐reported disability, and a decrease in self‐reported disability equally predicted a subsequent decrease in experienced symptom distress.ConclusionOur results seem to indicate that both outcome measures are interchangeable in psychotherapy outcome studies for internalizing disorders.
The impact of living in an un‐ or under‐furnished house on individuals who transitioned from homelessness
Authors: Nubani Linda , De Biasi Alaina , Ruemenapp Marie A. , Tams Lisa D. , Boyle Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVery few empirical evaluations have been conducted on the impact of furniture on the lives of those who have transitioned from homelessness into permanent housing, especially within the United States. Our study contributes to this limited body of research by exploring the impact of furniture on the lives of 20 recently housed individuals residing in the Detroit Metropolitan Area. In partnership with the Furniture Bank of Southeast Michigan, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with recently housed individuals that lived for a period of time in an un‐ or under‐furnished house before receiving furniture support. Given the study's exploratory nature, interview questions were purposefully broad to allow themes to naturally emerge and were analyzed using a qualitative data analysis software package, NVivo (release 1.0). We present a conceptual model that outlines our findings and conclude with a discussion of the limitations of our approach, avenues for future research, and policy implications.
Muscle density is an independent risk factor of second hip fracture: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Ling , Yin Lu , Yang Minghui , Ge Yufeng , Liu Yandong , Su Yongbin , Guo Zhe , Yan Dong , Xu Zhengyang , Huang Pengju , Geng Jian , Liu Xingli , Wang Gang , Blake Glen M. , Cao Weiming , He Bo , Lyu Liang , Cheng Xiaoguang , Wu Xinbao , Jiang Lihong , Vlug Annegreet , Engelke Klaus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with a first hip fracture are at high risk of fracturing their other hip. Despite this, preventive therapy is often not given. Because little is known about specific risk factors of a second hip fracture, we investigated the association with areal bone mineral density (aBMD), muscle size, and density. We also investigated whether muscle parameters predict the risk of a contralateral fracture independently of aBMD.MethodsThree groups were included, one without hip fracture (a subcohort of the China Action on Spine and Hip Status study), one with a first, and one with a second hip fracture. Subjects with fractures were recruited from the longitudinal Chinese Second Hip Fracture Evaluation (CSHFE). Computed tomography scans of CSHFE patients, which were obtained immediately following their first fracture, were used to measure cross‐sectional area and density of the gluteus maximus (G.MaxM) and gluteus medius and minimus (G.Med/MinM) muscles. Computed tomography X‐ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD of the contralateral femur. Median follow‐up time to second fracture was 4.5 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) of second hip fracture risk in subjects with a first hip fracture. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to compare odds ratios (OR) for the risk of a first and second hip fracture.ResultsThree hundred and one participants (68.4 ± 6.1 years, 64% female) without and 302 participants (74.6 ± 9.9 years, 71% female) with a first hip fracture were included in the analysis. Among the latter, 45 (79.2 ± 7.1 years) sustained a second hip fracture. ORs for first hip fracture were significant for aBMD and muscle size and density. ORs for a second fracture were smaller by a factor of 3 to 4 and no longer significant for femoral neck (FN) aBMD. HRs for predicting second hip fracture confirmed the results. G.Med/MinM density (HR, 1.68; CI, 1.20–2.35) and intertrochanter aBMD (HR, 1.62; CI, 1.13–2.31) were the most significant. FN aBMD was not significant. G.Med/MinM density remained significant for predicting second hip fracture after adjustment for FN (HR, 1.66; Cl, 1.18–2.30) or total hip aBMD (HR, 1.50; 95% Cl, 1.04–2.15).ConclusionsDensity of the G.Med/MinM muscle is an aBMD independent predictor of the risk of second hip fracture. Intertrochanteric aBMD is a better predictor of second hip fracture than FN and total hip aBMD. These results may trigger a paradigm shift in the assessment of second hip fracture risk and prevention strategies.
Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Kuntze and their role as antioxidant and antibacterial
Authors: Dey Arpita , Somaiah Sundarapandian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present work has reported a green chemistry‐based approach for the synthesis of crystalline metal oxide nanoparticle using plant extract to reduce metal ions. It demonstrated the efficient synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Kuntze with a focus on minimizing toxic reactants and byproducts. The physicochemical characterizations by standard methods and the mechanism of action were presented. The UV–Vis absorption peak of the annealed ZnO NPs appeared at a 359 nm wavelength. The calculated direct band‐gap energy was 3.6 eV. The peak at 567 nm in the visible region in the photoluminescence spectra indicated surface defects from oxygen vacancy, and the vibrational peak also indicated it at 582 cm−1 in Raman spectra. FTIR spectroscopy showed the possible involvement of proteins, aromatic compounds, and alcohols as reducing agents in the reaction. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that pure crystalline ZnO NPs have structural properties as hexagonal wurtzite below 50 nm size. Antioxidant analysis by DPPH assay illustrated an excellent free radical scavenging activity. The prepared ZnO NPs tested against pathogenic Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis did not show any antibacterial activity.Highlights
Renewable, eco‐friendly plant material was used to synthesize Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (NPs).
Synthesis of thermally stable, pure crystalline NPs with good optical properties.
The synthesized NPs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity.
ZnO NPs exhibited antibacterial resistance at the test concentrations.
Self‐expandable metal stents have longer patency and less cholangitis than inside stents in malignant perihilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Koiwai Akinobu , Hirota Morihisa , Katayama Tomofumi , Kin Ryo , Kawamura Keita , Endo Katsuya , Kogure Takayuki , Takasu Atsuko , Meguro Takayoshi , Satoh Kennichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimOutcomes of an inside stent (IS, a plastic stent placed above the sphincter of Oddi) versusa self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) for the drainage of malignant perihilar biliary obstruction has not been fully studied. The drainage strategy for perihilar biliary obstruction is difficult and should be clarified.MethodsClinical data of patients who underwent biliary drainage for malignant perihilar biliary obstruction with IS or SEMS between April 2016 and September 2021 at our institution were retrospectively examined. Outcomes, including the time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO), survival, and incidence of recurrent biliary obstruction with concomitant cholangitis (RBOC), were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsMedian TRBO was 280 (95% confidence interval [CI], 110–not available) days in the SEMS group (n = 24) and 113 (95% CI, 74–192) days in the IS group (n = 25) (P = 0.043). Among the patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, the median survival of the two groups was comparable, namely 330 days in the SEMS group and 359 days in the IS group (P = 0.46). The incidence of RBOC at re‐intervention was significantly higher in patients with ISs (83.9%) than in those with SEMSs (0%) (P = 0.00004).ConclusionsTRBO was significantly longer in the SEMS group. Regardless of whether SEMSs or ISs were placed during the first intervention, patient survival was similar. Using easily removable ISs first might be a reasonable option because TRBO with SEMSs was shorter than patient survival. Cholangitis is a problem associated with the placement of IS.
Australian perspectives on artificial intelligence in medical imaging
Authors: Currie Geoffrey , Nelson Tarni , Hewis Johnathan , Chandler Amanda , Spuur Kelly , Nabasenja Caroline , Thomas Cate , Wheat Janelle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile artificial intelligence (AI) and recent developments in deep learning (DL) have sparked interest in medical imaging, there has been little commentary on the impact of AI on imaging technologists. The aim of this survey was to understand the attitudes, applications and concerns among nuclear medicine and radiography professionals in Australia with regard to the rapidly emerging applications of AI.MethodsAn anonymous online survey with invitation to participate was circulated to nuclear medicine and radiography members of the Rural Alliance in Nuclear Scintigraphy and the Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. The survey invitations were sent to members via email and as a push via social media with the survey open for 10 weeks. All information collected was anonymised and there is no disclosure of personal information as it was de‐identified from commencement.ResultsAmong the 102 respondents, there was a high level of acceptance of lower order tasks (e.g. patient registration, triaging and dispensing) and less acceptance of high order task automation (e.g. surgery and interpretation). There was a low priority perception for the role of AI in higher order tasks (e.g. diagnosis, interpretation and decision making) and high priority for those applications that automate complex tasks (e.g. quantitation, segmentation, reconstruction) or improve image quality (e.g. dose / noise reduction and pseudo CT for attenuation correction). Medico‐legal, ethical, diversity and privacy issues posed moderate or high concern while there appeared to be no concern regarding AI being clinically useful and improving efficiency. Mild concerns included redundancy, training bias, transparency and validity.ConclusionAustralian nuclear medicine technologists and radiographers recognise important applications of AI for assisting with repetitive tasks, performing less complex tasks and enhancing the quality of outputs in medical imaging. There are concerns relating to ethical aspects of algorithm development and implementation.
Alternative positioning method for the superior–inferior axial shoulder projection – the Lewis modification
Authors: Lewis Kim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe superior–inferior (SI) axial shoulder view is an important part of shoulder imaging. It provides a true orthogonal view to the anterior–posterior (AP) shoulder projection and is a supplementary view to the lateral scapula view. When positioned correctly, the glenohumeral joint is visualised with the superior and inferior aspects of the glenoid superimposed to demonstrate the true relationship between the glenoid and humerus. Positioning for the SI axial view is challenging. Often the glenoid is not superimposed on resulting images, and the glenohumeral relationship cannot be assessed accurately. Some positioning texts do not demonstrate the SI axial view, opting instead for the inferior–superior (IS) view. When the SI axial view is included, bony landmarks are not provided to assist medical imaging technologists (MITs) with accurate positioning. This paper outlines a proposed modification using bony landmarks that can assist MITs in positioning their patients for this important view and obtain diagnostic images that demonstrate the glenoid in true profile.
A characterization of clouds over the Great Barrier Reef and the role of local forcing
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Huang Yi , Siems Steven , Manton Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA characterization of cloud properties associated with precipitation in the region around the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is constructed using decade‐long (2007–2017) satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) combined with CloudSat. The spatial and vertical distributions of low‐level cloud properties over the region are also investigated and discussed. In general, different cloud types are observed over different regions and vary by season: high clouds are dominant over the low latitudes in summer, altocumulus are mainly observed over northeast Queensland and low‐level clouds are dominant over the ocean and coast during the winter months at higher latitudes under a trade wind regime. A strong latitudinal dependence of total precipitation across the Greater GBR region is identified with a significant orographic enhancement near Cairns in the wet tropics. MODIS and CloudSat‐CALIPSO cloud observations show good agreement on significant differences in low‐level cloud microphysical properties between the land and the ocean. The largest land–ocean differences in warm cloud microphysical properties are found over the mid‐latitudes near 18°S, which is strongly associated with orographic forcing, with these enhancements extending further east to the coral reef area. However, the frequency of warm cloud is not enhanced upwind of the mountains in the wet tropics. In addition, no significant differences in warm cloud properties between the actual GBR and the open ocean are identified. These results suggest that low‐level clouds over the GBR do not show any significant response to the reef‐related microphysical perturbations.
Trends and space–time patterns of near‐surface temperatures on Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Bello Cinthya , Suarez Wilson , Lavado‐Casimiro Waldo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in the international scientific community in characterizing climate variability in Antarctica because of the continent's fundamental role in regulating the world's climate. Researchers have intensively studied the Antarctic Peninsula since the warming that began in the mid‐1950s. This was followed by a subsequent cooling period over the last decades. For this paper, using the available data, we analysed the variability in surface air temperatures at five meteorological stations located on King George Island (KGI) (a subantarctic island that is part of the South Shetland Islands); we also investigated the relationships between the air temperatures and large‐scale atmospheric patterns from 1968 to 2019. In this study we found that summer temperatures are above 0°C from December to March and close to melting temperatures (extreme values) in spring and autumn; consequently, a small increase in temperature can have a significant impact on the cryosphere. The statistical analysis of the mean temperatures confirmed a trend toward cooling during the summer and in the mean monthly maximum temperatures over the 1990s at most of the weather stations whose data we analysed. Analysing the teleconnection patterns showed that the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) had strong, direct, and positive correlations during the autumn and less strong connections in spring, winter, and on an annual scale. Furthermore, we observed a lesser influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO).