bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of trunk injection with emamectin benzoate on arthropod diversity
Authors: Ouyang Xianheng , Fan Qingbin , Chen Anliang , Huang Junhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPine wood nematode is a major plant quarantine object in the world. Trunk injection is an effective method for controlling pests that cause disease. To evaluate the ecological safety of trunk injection with emamectin benzoates in forests of Pinus massoniana, the community diversity and community composition of soil arthropods and flying insects (Hymenoptera) were studied at different stages of trunk injection.RESULTSThe dominant taxonomic groups of soil arthropods were Collembola (30.80%), Insecta (26.42%), and Arachnida (23.84%). The taxonomic groups of flying insects (Hymenoptera) were Ichneumonidae (48.94%), Formicidae (14.10%), and Braconidae (8.44%). Trunk injection with emamectin benzoate has no significant effect on the community diversity indices of total soil arthropods and flying insects (Hymenoptera). However, it has a significant effect on the community diversity indices of detritivores for soil arthropods. It changed the community composition of soil arthropods but did not impact the community composition of flying insects (Hymenoptera). Redundancy analysis of arthropod community structure and environmental variables showed that total potassium, residual of green leaf, and residual of litter leaf have a significant impact on the community structure of soil arthropods, and total phosphorus, total nitrogen, water content, organic matter, and total potassium have a significant impact on the community structure of flying insects (Hymenoptera).CONCLUSIONTrunk injection with emamectin benzoate is safe for the ecological environment. This study provides a new insight into the field for the prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease, which is of great significance to forest management and pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nanoscale Mapping of Sub‐Gap Electroluminescence from Step‐Bunched, Oxidized 4H‐SiC Surfaces
Authors: Alyabyeva Natalia , Ding Jacques , Sauty Mylène , Woerle Judith , Jousseaume Yann , Ferro Gabriel , McCallum Jeffrey C. , Peretti Jacques , Johnson Brett C. , Rowe Alistair C. H. 
Published: October 2022

Scanning tunneling luminescence microscopy (STLM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) are used to study step‐bunched, oxidized 4H‐SiC surfaces prepared using a silicon melt process. The step‐bunched surface consists of atomically smooth terraces parallel to [0001] crystal planes, and rougher risers containing nanoscale steps formed by the termination of these planes. The striking topography of this surface is well resolved with large tip biases around −8 V and set currents less than 1 nA. Hysteresis in the STS spectra is preferentially observed on risers, suggesting that they contain a higher density of surface charge traps than the terraces where hysteresis is more frequently absent. Similarly, intense sub‐gap light emission centered around 2.4 eV is observed mainly on the risers albeit only with larger tunneling currents equal to or greater than 10 nA. The surface‐oxide‐related origin of this emission is reinforced by comparing tunneling electroluminescence spectra on the 4H‐ and 6H‐polytypes, and by the observation of a drastic reduction in emitted intensity after removal of the oxide in buffered HF. These results demonstrate the capability of STLM for the observation of surface impurities and defects responsible for sub‐gap light emission with spatial resolutions approaching the length scale of the defects themselves.
In Vitro Digestibility, Pasting and Thermal Properties, and Structure of Cross‐Linked Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. Starch
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Sen , Tan Lin‐Bin , Li Meng‐Yun , An Feng‐Kun , Xue Shan , Fu Zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) cross‐linked Arenga pinnata starch (CLAPS) with different degrees of cross‐linking (0–97.79%) are prepared and their structural characteristics and physicochemical properties are evaluated. Cross‐linking does not significantly change APS granular structure, but seems to lower the intensity of Maltese cross. With the cross‐linking degrees (CLD) increasing from 0.00% to 97.79%, the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content of CLAPS is decreased from 66.50% to 16.34%, but the resistant starch (RS) content has the opposite trend and is increased from 29.87% to 82.77%. As the CLD increased, the solubility and swelling power of APS are significantly reduced from 10.24% and 16.52 g g−1 to 1.02% and 4.60 g g−1, respectively. Low CLD could increase viscosities of the APS, whereas high CLD significantly reduce the viscosities of the APS and the greater theCLD, the more obvious the reduction effect. Meanwhile, cross‐linked APS exhibits a high conclusion temperature and lower gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH). With the CLD increasing, short molecular ordered structure of CLAPS exhibits increasing trends. These results indicate that crosslinking with STMP can significantly alter digestibility and improve thermal stability of APS, which would provide a theoretical basis for development of APS products and could be used in low glycemic index (GI) foods.
Conclusion
Authors: Semple Tara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to identify self-understanding and practices within the social milieu labelled as hipster, but it emerged as a paradigm for western, capitalist, liquid societies. The contradictions in hipster spaces demonstrated tendencies in contemporary society that shape current modernity. Hipsterism amplifies these tendencies and as such can be utilised to analyse the development of recent modernity and indicate what challenges of identity and action are faced by young adults in the new spirit of capitalism.
Celestial holography meets twisted holography: 4d amplitudes from chiral correlators
Authors: Costello Kevin , Paquette Natalie M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose a new program for computing a certain integrand of scattering amplitudes of four-dimensional gauge theories which we call the form factor integrand, starting from 6d holomorphic theories on twistor space. We show that the form factor integrands can be expressed as sums of products of 1.) correlators of a 2d chiral algebra, related to the algebra of asymptotic symmetries uncovered recently in the celestial holography program, and 2.) OPE coefficients of a 4d non-unitary CFT. We prove that conformal blocks of the chiral algebras are in one-to-one correspondence with local operators in 4d. We use this bijection to recover the Parke-Taylor formula, the CSW formula, and certain one-loop scattering amplitudes. Along the way, we explain and derive various aspects of celestial holography, incorporating techniques from the twisted holography program such as Koszul duality. This perspective allows us to easily and efficiently recover the infinite-dimensional chiral algebras of asymptotic symmetries recently extracted from scattering amplitudes of massless gluons and gravitons in the celestial basis. We also compute some simple one-loop corrections to the chiral algebras and derive the three-dimensional bulk theories for which these 2d algebras furnish an algebra of boundary local operators.
Three-dimensional evolution of body and fluid motion near a wall
Authors: Smith Frank T. , Liu Kevin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvolution of three-dimensional body motion within surrounding three-dimensional fluid motion is addressed, each motion affecting the other significantly in a dynamic fluid–body interaction. This unsteady problem is set near a wall. The spatial three-dimensionality present is a new feature. For inviscid incompressible fluid, a basic nonlinear formulation is described, followed by a linearised form as a first exploration of parameter space and solution responses. The problem reduces to solving Poisson’s equation within the underbody planform, subject to mixed boundary conditions and to coupling with integral equations. Numerical and analytical properties show dependence mainly on the normal and pitch motions, as well as instability or bounded oscillations depending on the position of the centre of mass of the body, and a variety of three-dimensional shapes is examined.
Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
Authors: Joliat Gaëtan‐Romain , Kobayashi Kosuke , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Thomson John‐Edwin , Padbury Robert , Scott Michael , Brustia Raffaele , Scatton Olivier , Tran Cao Hop S. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Dincler Selim , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , Wigmore Stephen J. , Demartines Nicolas , Melloul Emmanuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has been widely applied in liver surgery since the publication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016. The aim of the present article was to update the ERAS guidelines in liver surgery using a modified Delphi method based on a systematic review of the literature.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A modified Delphi method including 15 international experts was used. Consensus was judged to be reached when >80% of the experts agreed on the recommended items. Recommendations were based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations system.ResultsA total of 7541 manuscripts were screened, and 240 articles were finally included. Twenty‐five recommendation items were elaborated. All of them obtained consensus (>80% agreement) after 3 Delphi rounds. Nine items (36%) had a high level of evidence and 16 (64%) a strong recommendation grade. Compared to the first ERAS guidelines published, 3 novel items were introduced: prehabilitation in high‐risk patients, preoperative biliary drainage in cholestatic liver, and preoperative smoking and alcohol cessation at least 4 weeks before hepatectomy.ConclusionsThese guidelines based on the best available evidence allow standardization of the perioperative management of patients undergoing liver surgery. Specific studies on hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients following an ERAS program are still needed.
Foreign direct investment and labor demand by skill in Indonesian manufacturing firms
Authors: Matsuura Toshiyuki , Saito Hisamitsu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA recent debate on globalization addresses the importance of skills for firms’ performance in developing countries. Employing microdata from Indonesian manufacturing, we examine the externality effects of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on labor demand by skill in local firms and identify the relative contribution of each effect to their skill structure. The results show that local firms replace unskilled workers with skilled ones to enable transactions with foreign firms in downstream industries. However, severe labor market competition for skilled workers with foreign firms hinders them from upgrading the skill structure. Moreover, severe product market competition decreases demand for unskilled workers in local firms. Thus, an adequate supply of skilled workers is crucial for the better performance of local firms. The results also highlight the necessity of policies to mitigate the negative impact of inward FDI on unskilled employment in the host economy.
Green transition, investment horizon, and dynamic portfolio decisions
Authors: Semmler Willi , Lessmann Kai , Tahri Ibrahim , Braga Joao Paulo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the implications of investors’ short-term oriented asset holding and portfolio decisions (or short-termism), and its consequences on green investments. We adopt a dynamic portfolio model, which contrary to conventional static mean-variance models, allows us to study optimal portfolios for different decision horizons. Our baseline model contains two assets, one asset with fluctuating returns and another asset with a constant risk-free return. The asset with fluctuating returns can arise from fossil-fuel based sectors or from clean energy related sectors. We consider different drivers of short-termism: the discount rate, the nature of discounting (exponential vs. hyperbolic), and the decision horizon of investors itself. We study first the implications of these determinants of short-termism on the portfolio wealth dynamics of the baseline model. We find that portfolio wealth declines faster with a higher discount rate, with hyperbolic discounting, and with shorter decision horizon. We extend our model to include a portfolio of two assets with fluctuating returns. For both model variants, we explore the cases where innovation efforts are spent on fossil fuel or clean energy sources. Detailing dynamic portfolio decisions in such a way may allow us for better pathways to empirical tests and may provide guidance to some online financial decision making.
Roads and water availability influence the occurrence of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in secondary habitat: a multiscale approach
Authors: Gardiner Riana , Terraube Julien , Frere Celine , Cristescu Romane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven the high proportion of Earth’s ecosystems already anthropogenically modified, especially through clearing, it is critical we determine whether species can persist outside of their primary habitat as a means of ensuring population persistence in the remaining landscape. The koala(Phascolarctos cinereus)has been heavily impacted by habitat loss through clearing, and recently upgraded to endangered across its eastern distribution. It is timely to understand what variables may influence the occurrence of koalas in secondary habitat, which can then guide conservation efforts. We surveyed 959 sites with detection dogs to determine the occurrence of koalas through the presence of scats. Using GLMMs, we accounted for environmental and anthropogenic variables that may influence koala occurrence, meanwhile focusing on the use of secondary eucalyptus forests at multiple spatial scales (250, 500, 1500 m radii). Overall koala occurrence was negatively associated with secondary eucalyptus forests compared to primary forests, while there was no effect of total forest area present at any scale. However, we found interactive effects between secondary forest and (1) distance from the closest major road at the smallest landscape scale (250 m radii) and (2) water area at the larger landscape scales (500 m, 1500 m radii). This suggests that occurrence of koalas in secondary forests are predicted to increase when the distance to major roads, and the water area, increase. While protecting primary eucalyptus forests should always be a prioritisation for the conservation of koalas, our results emphasize the important role that secondary eucalyptus forests can play in conservation, as long as these are carefully considered in the landscape context to maximise restoration investments.
Pyrotinib combined with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a single-arm exploratory phase II trial
Authors: Xie Xiao-Feng , Zhang Qiu-Yi , Huang Jia-Yi , Chen Li-Ping , Lan Xiao-Feng , Bai Xue , Song Lin , Xiong Shui-Ling , Guo Si-Jia , Du Cai-Wen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A substantial need for effective and safe treatment options is still unmet for patients with heavily pre-treated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Herein, we assessed the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy in patients with heavily treated HER2-positive MBC.

Methods
In this single-arm exploratory phase II trial, patients with HER2-positive MBC previously treated with trastuzumab plus lapatinib or pertuzumab, received pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) in the total population (TP). Secondary end points included PFS in the subgroup with brain metastases (Sub-BrM), confirmed objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), disease control rate (DCR), exploration of predictive factors of PFS, and safety.

Results
Between November 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021, 40 patients were eligible for this study. The median PFS reached 7.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7 to 9.9 months) and 9.4 months (95% CI 6.6 to 12.1 months) in the TP and Sub-BrM, respectively. ORR was 50.5% (20/40). CBR was 75.5% (30/40) and DCR reached 97.5% (39/40). Cox univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that liver or/and lung metastases was the significant adverse prognostic factor for PFS (p = 0.018; p = 0.026; respectively). The most frequent grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea, neutropenia and leukopenia. No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusion
Pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy offered a promising option with manageable safety profile for heavily pre-treated HER2-positive MBC, especially for those without liver or/and lung metastases.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantine on Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jodra Marina , García-Villamisar Domingo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe impact of the pandemic is being very significant psychologically, especially for people who were already vulnerable in these aspects, such as adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Intellectual Disability (ID). A longitudinal analysis of motor aspects such as balance and gait, executive functions in daily life, severity of symptoms characteristic of autism, and degree of subjective well-being was performed in 53 adults with ASD and ID. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed and three measures were taken, the first in December 2019, the second in March 2020, and the last in July 2020. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in balance on the latter measure, along with a deterioration in well-being and ASD symptoms in the period of seclusion and an improvement in executive functions after seclusion.
The 2021 IAEA software intercomparison for k0-INAA
Authors: Blaauw Menno , D’Agostino Giancarlo , di Luzio Marco , Dung Ho Manh , Jacimovic Radojko , Da Silva Dias Mauro , Semmler Renato , van Sluijs Robbert , Barradas Nuno Pessoa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to establish the variation between results in mass fractions due to software implementation, as measured by the k0-method for INAA, the IAEA has organized a software intercomparison. A complete set of test spectra and associated information was assembled. Efficiency curves, neutron spectrum parameters, correction factors and mass fractions were calculated with the participating programs (k0-IPEN, k0-INRIM, k0-DALAT, k0-IAEA and KayWin) using identical peak areas. In this paper, we report on the observed discrepancies, causes, remedies and future software developments. The test data, as well as intermediate results and observed mass fractions of the certified reference material BCR-320R “channel sediment” are available through the IAEA on request. The variations in concentrations attributed to differences between the programs were initially found to be 5.6 and 7.9%, for certified and uncertified concentrations, respectively. After the certified concentrations had been made available to the participants and they had been allowed to improve their programs, the variations found were 2.7 and 3.4%, respectively. The main identified remaining causes of variation are differences in the procedures used for detector efficiency characterisation and neutron spectrum parameter determination.
On the potential for megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis off the southern coast of West Java and southeast Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Supendi Pepen , Widiyantoro Sri , Rawlinson Nicholas , Yatimantoro Tatok , Muhari Abdul , Hanifa Nuraini Rahma , Gunawan Endra , Shiddiqi Hasbi Ash , Imran Iswandi , Anugrah Suci Dewi , Daryono Daryono , Prayitno Bambang Setyo , Adi Suko Prayitno , Karnawati Dwikorita , Faizal Lutfi , Damanik Ruben 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh seismicity rates in and around West Java and Sumatra occur as a result of the Indo-Australian plate converging with and subducting beneath the Sunda plate. Large megathrust events associated with this process likely pose a major earthquake and tsunami hazard to the surrounding community, but further effort is required to help understand both the likelihood and frequency of such events. With this in mind, we exploit catalog seismic data sourced from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) of Indonesia and the International Seismological Centre (ISC) for the period April 2009 through to July 2020, in order to conduct earthquake hypocenter relocation using a teleseismic double-difference method. Our results reveal a large seismic gap to the south of West Java and southeast Sumatra, which is in agreement with a previous GPS study that finds the region to be a potential future source of megathrust earthquakes. To investigate this further, tsunami modeling was conducted in the region for two scenarios based on the estimated seismicity gaps and the existence of a backthrust fault. We show that the maximum tsunami height could be up to 34 m along the west coast of southernmost Sumatra and along the south coast of Java near the Ujung Kulon Peninsula. This estimate is comparable with the maximum tsunami height predicted by a previous study of southern Java in which earthquake sources were derived from the inversion of GPS data. However, the present study extends the analysis to southeast Sumatra and demonstrates that estimating rupture from seismic gaps can lead to reliable tsunami hazard assessment in the absence of GPS data.
Dismissals for Social Media Hate Speech in South Africa: Animalistic Dehumanisation and the Circulation of Racist Words and Images
Authors: Cornish René , Tranter Kieran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial media is changing the way humans create and exchange information. Not all social media communications are, however, civil: the ‘dark side’ of social media cultivates various ‘anti-social’ exchanges including hate speech. Parallel accelerating social media use has been an increase in decision-makers having to consider the legalities of dismissing employees for social media misconduct. This paper through an analysis of first instance South African employee dismissal decisions, identifies an economy of hate within South African workplaces. In 30% of social media misconduct decisions (120/400), employees were dismissed for circulating racialised hate speech. This hate speech took three forms. First was the use of animality discourse and animal metaphors to dehumanise colleagues and employers. Second, employees used words that had specific racist connotations within South Africa. Third, there was the direct deployment of signs or symbols connected with South Africa’s racialised past.