bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Recyclable Cellulose Paper Templated Cu‐Doped Polydopamine Membranes with Dual Enzyme‐Like Activity
Authors: Li Hong , Xiong Zhuzhu , Jia Yi , Gao Fan , Wang Chenlei , Li Qi , Li Junbai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency enzyme mimics is of great significance in the field of biocatalysis. However, it remains challenging to design novel enzyme mimics with multiple enzyme‐like activities, excellent stability, and good reusability. Herein, a facile molecular assembly strategy to construct dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) templated Cu‐doped polydopamine (DAC@PDA/Cu) membrane with dual enzyme‐like activities is presented. The Schiff base bonds formed between polydopamine (PDA) and DAC can not only accelerate the adhesion of PDA thin layer but also contribute to Cu‐loading and high stability of DAC@PDA/Cu membrane. Importantly, the assembled DAC@PDA/Cu membrane exhibits a remarkable catalytic activity that is superior to the natural laccase along with high stability and excellent reusability. Moreover, the DAC@PDA/Cu membrane also demonstrates peroxidase‐like activity, and it is successfully applied in the sensitive detection of ascorbic acid (AA). This work will provide a new paradigm methodology for rational design and practical applications of enzyme mimics based on bioinspired molecular assemblies.
Boosting Energy Storage Performance of Lead‐Free Ceramics via Layered Structure Optimization Strategy
Authors: Yan Fei , Bai Hairui , Ge Guanglong , Lin Jinfeng , Zhu Kun , Li Guohui , Qian Jin , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei , Liu Zhifu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOwing to the current global scenario of environmental pollution and the energy crisis, the development of new dielectrics using lead‐free ceramics for application in advanced electronic and energy storage systems is essential because of the high power density and excellent stability of such ceramics. Unfortunately, most of them have low breakdown strength and/or low maximum polarization, resulting in low energy density and efficiency. To overcome this limitation here, lead‐free ceramics comprising a layered structure are designed and fabricated. By optimizing the distribution of the layered structure, a large maximum polarization and high applied electric field (>500 kV cm−1) can be achieved; these result in an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (≈7 J cm−3) and near ideal energy storage efficiency (≈95%). Furthermore, the energy storage performance without obvious deterioration over a broad range of operating frequencies (1–100 Hz), working temperatures (30–160 °C), and fatigue cycles (1–104). In addition, the prepared ceramics exhibit extremely high discharge energy density (4.52 J cm−3) and power density (405.50 MW cm−3). Here, the results demonstrate that the strategy of layered structure design and optimization is promising for enhancing the energy storage performance of lead‐free ceramics.
Recent Progress in Phase Regulation, Functionalization, and Biosensing Applications of Polyphase MoS2
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Siyao , Wang Bin , Jiang Zhao , Fang Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe disulfide compounds of molybdenum (MoS2) are layered van der Waals materials that exhibit a rich array of polymorphic structures. MoS2 can be roughly divided into semiconductive phase and metallic phase according to the difference in electron filling state of the 4d orbital of Mo atom. The two phases show completely different properties, leading to their diverse applications in biosensors. But to some extent, they compensate for each other. This review first introduces the relationship between phase state and the chemical/physical structures and properties of MoS2. Furthermore, the synthetic methods are summarized and the preparation strategies for metastable phases are highlighted. In addition, examples of electronic and chemical property designs of MoS2 by means of doping and surface modification are outlined. Finally, studies on biosensors based on MoS2 in recent years are presented and classified, and the roles of MoS2 with different phases are highlighted. This review offers references for the selection of materials to construct different types of biosensors based on MoS2, and provides inspiration for sensing performance enhancement.
High Performance Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Enabled by Multi‐Functional Cathode and Flexible Hybrid Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Hoang Hai Anh , Kim Dukjoon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith its superior theoretical energy density as well as abundance and environment‐friendliness, the lithium–sulfur battery (LiSB) is a potential candidate to replace the traditional energy storage and generation systems. An innovative design is proposed for the high‐performance solid‐state LiSB system by combining the multi‐functional cathode comprising the sulfur‐loaded Al2O3‐modified carbon nanotubes (S@ACNTs) and the flexible hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE). Assembled with S@ACNTs active material, the polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) (PDATFSI) binder exhibits high Li+ conductivity of 0.45 mS cm−1 at room temperature, good thermal stability up to 450 °C, high adhesive strength with aluminum current collector up to 24 MPa, sustainable non‐flammability, and desirable flexibility. When assembled with HSE membrane, the S@ACNTs/PDATFSI–60IL cathode layer demonstrates effective polysulfide trapping behavior and superior compatibility (65 Ω), resulting in high discharge capacity of 1203 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C in the 1st cycle, and long‐term stability up to 91.69% of the discharge capacity after 200 cycles of charge/discharge process.
Holistic Analysis of Glioblastoma Stem Cell DNA Using Nanoengineered Plasmonic Metasensor for Glioblastoma Diagnosis
Authors: Dhinakaran Ashok Kumar , Ganesh Swarna , Haldavnekar Rupa , Tan Bo , Das Sunit , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe clinical relevance of liquid biopsy for glioblastoma (GBM) remains undetermined due to practical and biological limitations such as absence of a reliable GBM‐specific biomarker, trace levels in circulation due to the blood–brain–barrier, and lack of a sensitive method to detect the trace levels of biomarkers. It is hypothesized that GBM stem cell (GSC)‐associated cell free DNA can function as reliable biomarker for GBM because it accounts for tumor heterogeneity and provide accurate molecular information about the cancer. An integrative methodology is used for GBM diagnosis by utilizing the sub‐single molecular sensitivity of nanoengineered plasmonic metasensors for real‐time genomic profiling of GSC DNA. The nanoengineered metasensors can detect the rare circulating GSC‐DNA accurately from just 5 µL of blood and the test can be performed in under 10 min. Analysis of clinical serum samples from GBM patients and healthy volunteers demonstrates that the technology yielded an accurate classification of GBM in an independent validation cohort (accuracy 98.3%, specificity 100%). The methodology detects GBM‐signatures from the patient blood rapidly within the half‐life period of cfDNA in circulation, non‐invasively and amplification‐free with a high diagnostic accuracy. With clinical validation, this methodology can evolve as a clinically viable diagnostic tool for fatal and hard‐to‐detect cancer like GBM.
Surface decorated Ni sites for superior photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Huang Wenhuan , Bo Tingting , Zuo Shouwei , Wang Yunzhi , Chen Jiamin , Ould‐Chikh Samy , Li Yang , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Huabin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecise construction of isolated reactive centers on semiconductors with well‐controlled configurations affords a great opportunity to investigate the reaction mechanisms in the photocatalytic process and realize the targeted conversion of solar energy to steer the charge kinetics for hydrogen evolution. In the current research, we decorated isolated Ni atoms on the surface of CdS nanowires for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. X‐ray absorption fine structure investigations clearly demonstrate the atomical dispersion of Ni sites on the surface of CdS nanowires. Experimental investigations reveal that the isolated Ni atoms not only perform well as the real reactive centers but also greatly accelerate the electron transfer via direct Ni–S coordination. Theoretical simulation further documents that the hydrogen adsorption process has also been enhanced over the semi‐coordinated Ni centers through electronic coupling at the atomic scale.
Nonlinear continuum mechanics with defects resembles electrodynamics—A comeback of the aether?
Authors: Unzicker Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of an incompressible, isotropic elastic continuum are discussed. Starting from the Lorentz‐invariant motion of defects in elastic continua, MacCullagh's aether theory (1839) of an incompressible elastic solid is reconsidered. Since MacCullagh's theory, based on linear elasticity, cannot describe charges, particular attention is given to a topological defect that causes large deformations and, therefore, requires a nonlinear description. While such a twist disclination can take the role of a charge, the deformation field of a large number of these defects produces a microstructure of deformation related to a Cosserat continuum (1909). On this microgeometric level, a complete set of quantities can be defined that satisfies equations equivalent to Maxwell's. From a broader perspective, the elastic continuum approach appears to be intriguing, yet it has considerable difficulties in describing Dirac's large numbers, another unresolved mystery in fundamental physics. Despite this shortcoming, I think, however, that this paper may stimulate further research.
On the interplay of anisotropy and geometry for polycrystals in single‐slip crystal plasticity
Authors: Engl Dominik , Kreisbeck Carolin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a variational polycrystalline model in finite crystal plasticity with one active slip system and rigid elasticity. The task is to determine inner and outer bounds on the domain of the constrained macroscopic elastoplastic energy density, or equivalently, the affine boundary values of a related inhomogeneous differential inclusion problem. A geometry‐independent Taylor inner bound, which we calculate directly, follows from considering constant‐strain solutions to a relaxed problem in combination with well‐known relaxation and convex integration results. On the other hand, we deduce outer bounds from a rank‐one compatibility condition between the affine boundary data and the microscopic strain at the boundary grains. While there are examples of polycrystals for which the two above‐mentioned bounds coincide, we present an explicit construction to prove that the Taylor bound is nonoptimal in general.
Rensets and Renaming-Based Recursion for Syntax with Bindings
Authors: Popescu Andrei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI introduce renaming-enriched sets (rensets for short), which are algebraic structures axiomatizing fundamental properties of renaming (also known as variable-for-variable substitution) on syntax with bindings. Rensets compare favorably in some respects with the well-known foundation based on nominal sets. In particular, renaming is a more fundamental operator than the nominal swapping operator and enjoys a simpler, equationally expressed relationship with the variable-freshness predicate. Together with some natural axioms matching properties of the syntactic constructors, rensets yield a truly minimalistic characterization of $$\lambda $$
λ
-calculus terms as an abstract datatype – one involving an infinite set of unconditional equations, referring only to the most fundamental term operators: the constructors and renaming. This characterization yields a recursion principle, which (similarly to the case of nominal sets) can be improved by incorporating Barendregt’s variable convention. When interpreting syntax in semantic domains, my renaming-based recursor is easier to deploy than the nominal recursor. My results have been validated with the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL.
Decentralized Online Scheduling of Malleable NP-hard Jobs
Authors: Sanders Peter , Schreiber Dominik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we address an online job scheduling problem in a large distributed computing environment. Each job has a priority and a demand of resources, takes an unknown amount of time, and is malleable, i.e., the number of allotted workers can fluctuate during its execution. We subdivide the problem into (a) determining a fair amount of resources for each job and (b) assigning each job to an according number of processing elements. Our approach is fully decentralized, uses lightweight communication, and arranges each job as a binary tree of workers which can grow and shrink as necessary. Using the NP-complete problem of propositional satisfiability (SAT) as a case study, we experimentally show on up to 128 machines (6144 cores) that our approach leads to near-optimal utilization, imposes minimal computational overhead, and performs fair scheduling of incoming jobs within a few milliseconds.
Theoretische Grundlagen
Authors: Winter Fabian 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 2 wird die theoretische Basis für die Folgekapitel gelegt. Im ersten Unterkapitel 2.1 wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Klassifikationsmodellen und Schriftnutzung thematisiert, duale Schriftnutzung definiert und die Personengruppe näher beschrieben. Im Anschluss wird der Versuch unternommen, die Grundpopulation dual Schriftnutzender anhand verfügbarer Populationswerte zur Blindheit und Sehbehinderung zu schätzen.
Kompetenzerhebung
Authors: Winter Fabian 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 4 werden die Ergebnisse des quantitativen Teils der Untersuchung dargestellt. Dazu werden zunächst in Abschnitt 4.1 das methodische Vorgehen die Forschungsfragen, das Sampling, die Stichprobe, die Erhebungsinstrumente und die Analysetechniken vorgestellt. In Teil 4.2 werden die Ergebnisse aus den Kompetenztests der dual Schriftnutzenden und der nur Braille Lesenden zur Leseflüssigkeit, der Rechtschreibung, dem Lese- und Hörverstehen dargestellt.
Determinanten des Wahlverhaltens: Von Cleavages zu gesellschaftlichen Wertorientierungen
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Wahlforschung als solche hat verschiedene Gesichter. Sie beschäftigt sich mit den Fragen, aus welchen Gründen und wie Individuen wählen, welche Kontexte Wahlverhalten beeinflussen und wie stabil Individuen in ihrem Wahlverhalten sind. Sie versucht Prognosen über die Kurz- oder Langlebigkeit von Wahlentscheidungen aufzustellen, stellt Querverbindungen zu anderen Forschungsbereichen her und ist demnach als „multidisziplinär“ zu verstehen.
Forschungsdesign
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Forschungsdesign einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit ist Kernstück und gleichzeitig Navigator, Rechtfertigung sowie Argumentationsgrundlage für die in einer Untersuchung eingeschlagene Vorgehensweise. So soll darin die Nachvollziehbarkeit der verwendeten Analysemethoden, die Auswahl des Forschungsgegenstandes und zudem, sofern es sich um eine quantitativ orientierte Analyse handelt, die Übersetzung theoretischer Konzepte in messbare Indikatoren vorgenommen werden. Aus diesem Grund wird in Abschnitt 3.1 zunächst die hier zugrundeliegende Fallauswahl erläutert.
Zusammenfassung und Fazit: Warum sich der Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen lohnt
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den nun folgenden Kapiteln soll die Frage beantwortet werden, weshalb sich ein analytischer Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen und die aus ihnen erwachsenden Effekte für die Wahl- und Parteienforschung lohnt und welche Konsequenzen aus diesen Effekten entstehen. Dafür werden in Abschnitt 5.1 zunächst die zentralen Befunde noch einmal zusammengefasst und vor dem Hintergrund des theoretischen Grundmodells diskutiert. In dem sich anschließenden Abschnitt 5.2 wird die spezifische methodische Vorgehensweise kritisch reflektiert.
Die Hobbes-Forschung vor Schmitt und Strauss sowie deren Hobbes-Rezeption in der Sekundärliteratur
Authors: Motuzaite Ieva 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn „Einigen Anmerkungen über die politische Wissenschaft des Hobbes“ notierte Strauss: Um einschätzen zu können, was an einer Deutung neu (man könnte auch präzisieren oder erweitern: abweichend, besonders, von Mehrwert) ist, müsse man sich die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse vor Augen halten. Um zu erkennen, ob die vorgeschlagene Interpretation „von prinzipieller Bedeutung“ ist, solle man sich Klarheit über die Problematik des entsprechenden Themenfeldes verschaffen. Für diese Arbeit bedeutet das: Für das Erkennen der besonderen Züge der Hobbes-Deutung von Schmitt und Strauss bedarf es der Erfassung des zeithistorischen Forschungskontextes, den die beiden in Deutschland und Frankreich sowie im Vereinigten Königreich (besonders im Fall von Strauss, der Berlin 1932 in Richtung Paris und später London verließ) in den 1930er Jahren vorfanden.
Die Hobbes-Deutung bei Schmitt
Authors: Motuzaite Ieva 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung1932 (Erscheinung der 2. Fassung des Textes): Der Begriff des Politischen. Synoptische Darstellung der Texte. Im Auftrag der Carl-Schmitt-Gesellschaft hrsg. von Marco Walter, Berlin 2018.
Phytotoxicity of particulate matter from controlled burning of different plastic waste types
Authors: Hubai Katalin , Kováts Nora , Sainnokhoi Tsend-Ayush , Eck-Varanka Bettina , Hoffer András , Tóth Ádám , Teke Gábor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccording to careful estimations, open burning of plastic waste affects app. 2 billion people worldwide. While human health risks have become more and more obvious, much less information is available on the phytotoxicity of these emissions. In our study phytotoxicity of particulate matter samples generated during controlled combustion of different plastic waste types such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) was evaluated based on peroxidase levels. While different samples showed different concentration-effect relationship patterns, higher concentration(s) caused decreased peroxidase activities in each sample indicating serious damage.
Stability of Unlined Elliptical Tunnels in Rock Masses
Authors: Shiau Jim , Keawsawasvong Suraparb , Seehavong Sorawit 
Published: July 2022

Highlights•A state of art approach to evaluate the elliptical tunnel stability of Hoek–Brown rock mass.•Rigorous upper bound and lower bound solutions of elliptical tunnel stability are derived using advanced finite element limit analysis.•Comprehensive design tables and equations are proposed for stability evaluation.
Noncritical maps on geodesically complete spaces with curvature bounded above
Authors: Fujioka Tadashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe define and study the regularity of distance maps on geodesically complete spaces with curvature bounded above. We prove that such a regular map is locally a Hurewicz fibration. This regularity can be regarded as a dual concept of Perelman’s regularity in the geometry of Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded below. As a corollary, we obtain a sphere theorem for geodesically complete CAT(1) spaces.
Four-Year Trajectories of Internal Strengths and Socioemotional Support Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV
Authors: Ham Lillian , Tang Bin , Kohli Maulika , Jeste Dilip V. , Grant Igor , Moore David J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPositive psychological attributes are associated with better health outcomes, yet few studies have identified their underlying constructs and none have examined their temporal trajectories in clinical vs. non-clinical samples. From data collected over 4 years from people with HIV (PWH) and HIV-uninfected (HIV−) participants, we identified two latent factors (internal strengths; socioemotional support) based on responses to seven positive psychological attributes. Internal strengths increased over 4 years for PWH, but not for HIV− comparisons. Socioemotional support did not change significantly in either group. Lower internal strengths and worse socioemotional support were related to greater depressive symptoms. We speculate that improvement in internal strengths in PWH could reflect their being in care, but this requires further study to include PWH not in care. Given the apparent malleability of internal strengths and their association with improved health outcomes, these attributes can serve as promising intervention targets for PWH.
Offshore Outsourcing from a Catholic Social Teaching Perspective
Authors: Guitián Gregorio , Sison Alejo José G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explore offshore outsourcing through the lenses of Catholic Social Teaching (CST). First, we review the outcomes of the 30-year debate in business ethics on issues related to offshore outsourcing. We then cluster authors into two groups—the justice-centered approach and the welfare-centered approach—corresponding to different perspectives on the ethical challenges of offshoring. In the second part, we present and apply the four fundamental principles of the CST (human dignity, subsidiarity, solidarity and the common good) to offshoring, in dialogue with the previous debate. The unity and interconnection among the CST’s fundamental tenets provide a cohesive framework that integrates the points made by the justice-centered and welfare-centered approaches, while introducing the principle of solidarity, more focused on the worker as a person and their flourishing. CST also stresses the need to initiate processes oriented toward structural changes for the sake of human dignity and the common good.
The fiscal costs of earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Noy Ilan , Okubo Toshihiro , Strobl Eric , Tveit Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe quantify the fiscal impacts of earthquakes in Japan. In contrast with earlier research which examined national level aggregate spending in several countries, we are able to provide a detailed examination of separate budget categories within the local governments’ fiscal accounts. We do this using detailed line-budget expenditure data, and by comparing regions and towns affected and unaffected by the damage from earthquakes. Besides the obvious - that government spending increases in the short-term (one year) after a disaster event - we observe that the share of public spending on disaster relief, at the prefecture level, increases significantly, but with no corresponding change in the other budget lines. In contrast, at the lower administrative units, we observe a decrease in the share of spending going to finance other priorities. For the bigger cities, we observe a decrease in the share of spending targeting education, while for the smaller towns, we find that spending on construction and servicing public debt goes down. This evidence suggests that while at the prefecture level fiscal policy-making is robust enough to prevent presumably unwanted declines in public services, the same cannot be said for the city/town level.