bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on disease‐drug‐drug interactions with immunomodulating drugs: A critical appraisal of risk assessment and drug labelling
Authors: de Jong Laura M. , Klomp Sylvia D. , Treijtel Nicoline , Rissmann Robert , Swen Jesse J. , Manson Martijn L. 
Published: April 2022

AimUse of immunomodulating therapeutics for immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases may cause disease‐drug‐drug interactions (DDDIs) by reversing inflammation‐driven alterations in the metabolic capacity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. European Medicine Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines from 2007 recommend that the DDDI potential of therapeutic proteins should be assessed. This systematic analysis aimed to characterize the available DDDI trials with immunomodulatory drugs, experimental evidence for a DDDI risk and reported DDDI risk information in FDA/EMA approved drug labelling.MethodFor this systematic review, the EMA list of European Public Assessment Reports of human medicine was used to select immunomodulating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) marketed after 2007 at risk for a DDDI. Selected drugs were included in PubMed and Embase searches to extract reported interaction studies. The Summary of Product Characteristics (SPCs) and the United States Prescribing Information (USPIs) were subsequently used for analysis of DDDI risk descriptions.ResultsClinical interaction studies to evaluate DDDI risks were performed for 12 of the 24 mAbs (50%) and for none of the TKIs. Four studies identified a DDDI risk, of which three were studies with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) neutralizing mAbs. Based on (non)clinical data, a DDDI risk was reported in 32% of the SPCs and in 60% of the USPIs. The EMA/FDA documentation aligned with the DDDI risk potential in 35% of the 20 cases.ConclusionThis systematic review reinforces that the risk for DDDI by immunomodulating drugs is target‐ and disease‐specific. Drug labelling information designates the greatest DDDI risk to mAbs that neutralize the effects of IL‐6, Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 bèta (IL‐1β) in diseases with systemic inflammation.
Associations between symptoms of maternal postpartum depression, gestational age and infant social withdrawal: A longitudinal study in a community cohort
Authors: Stuart Anne Christine , Stougård Maria , Smith‐Nielsen Johanne , Egmose Ida , Guedeney Antoine , Væver Mette Skovgaard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfant social withdrawal is a risk factor for non‐optimal child development; thus, it is important to identify risk factors associated with withdrawal. In a large community sample (N = 19,017), we investigate whether symptoms of maternal and partner postpartum depression (PPD; measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and prematurity are predictors of infant social withdrawal (measured with the Alarm Distress Baby Scale). Withdrawal was assessed at 2–3, 4–7 and 8–12 months postpartum. Linear regressions showed that prematurity predicted higher infant social withdrawal at all time points, and maternal symptoms of PPD were positively associated with withdrawal at 2–3 months. Logistic regressions showed that odds for elevated social withdrawal were increased with elevated levels of maternal symptoms of PPD at 2–3 and 8–12 months. Partner's symptoms of PPD were not associated with withdrawal. Future studies should investigate how PPD symptoms and prematurity may impact the individual development of social withdrawal.
Upper urinary tract pressures in endourology: a systematic review of range, variables and implications
Authors: Croghan Stefanie M. , Skolarikos Andreas , Jack Gregory S. , Manecksha Rustom P. , Walsh Michael T. , O'Brien Fergal J. , Davis Niall F. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo systematically review the literature to ascertain the upper tract pressures generated during endourology, the relevant influencing variables and clinical implications.Materials and MethodsA systematic review of the MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases was performed by two authors independently (S.C., N.D.). Studies reporting ureteric or intrarenal pressures (IRP) during semi‐rigid ureteroscopy (URS)/flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS)/percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)/miniaturized PCNL (mPCNL) in the period 1950–2021 were identified. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were considered for inclusion. Findings were independently screened for eligibility based on content, with disagreements resolved by author consensus. Data were assessed for bias and compiled based on predefined variables.ResultsFifty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria. Mean IRP appeared to frequently exceed a previously proposed threshold of 40 cmH2O. Semi‐rigid URS with low‐pressure irrigation (gravity <1 m) resulted in a wide mean IRP range (lowest reported 6.9 cmH2O, highest mean 149.5 ± 6.2 cmH2O; animal models). The lowest mean observed with fURS without a ureteric access sheath (UAS) was 47.6 ± 4.1 cmH2O, with the maximum peak IRP being 557.4 cmH2O (in vivo human data). UAS placement significantly reduced IRP during fURS, but did not guarantee pressure control with hand‐operated pump/syringe irrigation. Miniaturization of PCNL sheaths was associated with increased IRP; however, a wide mean human IRP range has been recorded with both mPCNL (lowest −6.8 ± 2.2 cmH2O [suction sheath]; highest 41.2 ± 5.3 cmH2O) and standard PCNL (lowest 6.5 cmH2O; highest 41.2 cmH2O). Use of continuous suction in mPCNL results in greater control of mean IRP, although short pressure peaks >40 cmH2O are not entirely prevented. Definitive conclusions are limited by heterogeneity in study design and results. Postoperative pain and pyrexia may be correlated with increased IRP, however, few in vivo studies correlate clinical outcome with measured IRP.ConclusionsIntrarenal pressure generated during upper tract endoscopy often exceeds 40 cmH2O. IRP is multifactorial in origin, with contributory variables discussed. Larger prospective human in vivo studies are required to further our understanding of IRP thresholds and clinical sequelae.
Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer
Authors: Borzone Francisco Raúl , Giorello María Belén , Sanmartin María Cecilia , Yannarelli Gustavo , Martinez Leandro Marcelo , Chasseing Norma Alejandra 
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women. Recent evidence suggests that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have an essential role in cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance. Therefore, they are considered as highly promising future therapeutic targets against breast cancer. The intrinsic tumour tropism and immunomodulatory capacities of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells are of special relevance for developing mesenchymal stromal/stem cells‐based anti‐tumour therapies that suppress primary tumour growth and metastasis. In addition, the utilization of therapies that target the stromal components of the tumour microenvironment in combination with standard drugs is an innovative tool that could improve patients’ response to therapies and their survival. In this review, we discuss the currently available information regarding the possible use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells‐derived anti‐tumour therapies, as well as the utilization of therapies that target CAFs in breast cancer microenvironment. Finally, these data can serve as a guide map for future research in this field, ultimately aiding the effective transition of these results into the clinic.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc
Clinical features and treatment outcomes of dedifferentiated and grade 3 chondrosarcoma: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Kozawa Eiji , Nishida Yoshihiro , Kawai Akira , Hayakawa Keiko , Setsu Nokitaka , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Iwata Shintaro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Tsukushi Satoshi , Takenaka Satoshi , Imanishi Jungo , Baba Ichiro , Nagano Akihito , Morii Takeshi , Shirai Toshiharu , Shimizu Koki , Kawano Hirotaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor. In this multicenter study, we sought to evaluate the disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), and prognostic factors in patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) or grade 3 chondrosarcoma (G3CS) in Japan. We retrospectively investigated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 62 patients with DDCS and 19 patients with G3CS at 15 institutions participating in the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group. We also clarified significant clinicopathological factors for oncological outcomes. In surgery for primary lesions aimed at cure, a histologically negative margin (R0) was obtained in 93% (14/15) of patients with G3CS and 100% (49/49) of patients with DDCS. The 5‐year DSS was 18.5% in patients with DDCS and 41.7% in patients with G3CS (p = 0.13). Local control was obtained in 80% (12/15) and 79.6% (39/49) of patients with G3CS and DDCS in the primary lesion after surgery with a wide surgical margin, respectively. In multivariate analysis, stage and no treatment/palliative treatment for the primary lesion were independent prognostic factors for DSS of DDCS, and age and no treatment/palliative treatment for DSS of G3CS. The 5‐year DFS rate was 22.8% in 26 patients with DDCS who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, and 21.4% in 14 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognosis of DDCS remains poor, although R0 resection was carried out in most cases. Effective and/or intensive chemotherapeutic regimens or agents should be considered or developed for patients with high‐grade chondrosarcoma, particularly for those with DDCS.
Examining the factor structure and discriminative utility of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised in infant siblings of autistic children
Authors: Sung Sooyeon , Fenoglio Angela , Wolff Jason J. , Schultz Robert T. , Botteron Kelly N. , Dager Stephen R. , Estes Annette M. , Hazlett Heather C. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Piven Joseph , Elison Jed T. ,   for the IBIS Network
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised in a longitudinal sample of infant siblings of autistic children (HR; n = 427, 171 female, 83.4% White) and a comparison group of low‐risk controls (LR, n = 200, 86 female, 81.5% White), collected between 2007 and 2017, this study identified an invariant factor structure of temperament traits across groups at 6 and 12 months. Second, after partitioning the groups by familial risk and diagnostic outcome at 24 months, results reveal an endophenotypic pattern of Positive Emotionality at both 6 and 12 months, (HR‐autism spectrum disorder [ASD] < HR‐no‐ASD < LR). Third, increased ‘Duration of Orienting’ at 12 months was associated with lower scores on the 24‐month developmental outcomes in HR infants. These findings may augment efforts for early identification of ASD.
Design and synthesis of diazirine‐containing dyes for polypropylene fibre: A study on the effect of alkyl chain
Authors: Guo Guangluo , Jiang Hua , Chai Liqin , Cui Zhihua , Chen Weiguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dyeing of polypropylene fabrics utilising conventional‐disperse dyes often meets poor colour yield and fastness problems, fundamentally caused by the low affinity between dyes and polypropylene fibres. In this article, a new class of hydrophobic reactive dyes that can react with polypropylene were designed using diazirine moiety as a reactive group, azo structure as a chromophore, and an ester group as a linking bridge. The difference among these dyes was the alkyl chain length on the azo chromophore, which was used to fine‐tune the affinity between the dyes and fibre. The structures of the synthesised dyes and intermediates were characterised and confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrometry. The absorption and thermal properties of the dyes were also studied to ensure their feasibility for dyeing application. In addition, the diazirine dyes were successfully applied to dye polypropylene fabrics using a two‐step process by dyeing in a non‐aqueous solvent and fixing it under heating. The dyes and polypropylene fibre were demonstrated to react, where the fixation values were in the range 64.5–76.4%. The systematic study of the structure–property relationship demonstrated the positive effect of the alkyl chain in promoting colour yield, however, accompanied by a slightly reduced fixation value. Due to the chemical bonding of the dye molecules to the fibre, the dyed polypropylene fabrics exhibited excellent colour fastness property, making the dyeing technology very promising for future industrial applications.
Outcomes after lung resection in renal transplant patients with pulmonary mucormycosis
Authors: Seth Abhinav , Patil Shivakumar S. , Axelrod David , Singh Harkant , Sharma Ashish , Kenwar Deepesh Benjamin , Vaiphei Kim , Mandwar Milind , Rally Sahil , Singh Sarbpreet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary mucormycosis has been associated with high mortality (reported up to 100%) in renal transplant recipients.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of renal transplant patients with pulmonary mucormycosis between April 2014 and March 2020, who underwent surgical resection of the affected lung along with liposomal amphotericin therapy. Patients with lower respiratory illness features underwent chest X‐ray, high‐resolution computed tomography of the chest, and those with suspicious findings underwent analysis of bronchioloalveolar fluid and transbronchial lung biopsy. Patients with histological or microbiological evidence of mucormycosis were started on liposomal Amphotericin B. Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil were stopped at the time of diagnosis.ResultTen patients underwent combined management, while five patients were managed medically. At last follow up, seven out of ten patients (70%) who underwent combined management and two of the five patients (40%) who were managed medically, had a mean survival of 28.86 months (sd = 15.71, median = 25) and 14.17 months (sd = 12.21, median = 18), respectively, post‐diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis.ConclusionSurgical resection combined with antifungals in the perioperative period and decreased immunosuppression may improve the outcomes in renal transplant patients with pulmonary mucormycosis.
FromRechtsphilosophietoStaatsökonomie: Hegel and the philosophical foundations of political economy
Authors: Ferro Bernardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough Hegel is increasingly recognized as an important figure in the history of political economy, his economic views are never strictly economic. In contrast to other modern thinkers, his primary concern is not the economic efficacy of different practices or institutions but the extent to which they enable and promote the development of human freedom. In this article, I argue that Hegel's pioneering critique of modern liberal economy plays out simultaneously at a more empirical level, corresponding to the properly economic dimension of his analysis, and at a deeper, logical level, which grounds and guides his position. Moreover, I argue that the tendency to favour the first of these levels, found in most of the literature on Hegel's economic thought, reduces the Philosophy of Right's main argument to a more or less vigorous plea for economic interventionism. Against this kind of reading, I show that a renewed focus on the text's logical structure reveals a different and more radical philosophical proposition, which has yet to be fully acknowledged. In particular, I argue that Hegel's dialectical logic leads him beyond the liberalism‐interventionism debate, towards a qualitatively different conception of social and economic relations
Surge of Bell's Palsy in the era of COVID‐19: Systematic review
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Jawanda Manveen Kaur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeWith the progression of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID‐19), various neurological manifestations have been noticed in infected patients, and Bell's Palsy (BP) is one of the peripheral neuropathies among those. BP has been associated with various other viral agents. Its evidence in patients with COVID‐19 signifies the possibility of association between BP and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This research was undertaken to evaluate the number of published cases of BP as the only major neurological manifestation in patients with COVID‐19 from March 2020 to December 2021 and to investigate the association of SARS‐CoV‐2 and BP.MethodsA systematic review of the published English literature was performed using an electronic search in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Research Gate, Research Square, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords such as "COVID‐19" OR/AND "SARS‐CoV‐2" OR/AND "Bell's palsy" OR/AND "facial nerve palsy" OR/AND "neurological" OR/AND "manifestation".ResultsThe search strategy revealed 32 relevant publications with a total of 46 patients. BP was the initial manifestation in 37% of cases, and in 63% of cases it developed after COVID‐19 symptoms; 71.7% of cases showed complete recovery, and 21.7% showed only partial relief from BP.ConclusionsAlthough the number of documented cases in this research is low, evidence of BP as the only major neurological manifestation in patients with COVID‐19 signifies an important clinical finding and the possibility of another viral etiology of BP. More evidence is needed to establish the exact correlation between these two entities.
Increased risk of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis under concomitant use of sodium‐dependent glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, and antihypertensive drugs: An observational study
Authors: Tada Keisuke , Gosho Masahiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUrinary tract infection (UTI) and pyelonephritis cause urosepsis, which can become life threating. Sodium‐dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of oral anti‐diabetic drugs, may increase the risk of UTI and pyelonephritis, as observed from their mechanism of action. Patients with diabetes receiving SGLT2 inhibitors are often concomitantly administered other antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, or antihypertensive drugs. To determine if drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between SGLT2 inhibitors and these medications increased the risk of UTI and pyelonephritis, we analyzed the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. We applied Norén's and Gosho's methods for detecting DDIs. FAERS contains records describing 14 526 398 patient characteristics, 54 290 663 drug properties, and 47 252 416 reactions/events. We found 23 drug combinations that could induce UTI and pyelonephritis, such as SGLT2 inhibitors administered with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glinides, statins, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Combination therapy with the drugs detected in our analyses would show potential interactions that could result in UTI and pyelonephritis in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, owing to various limitations, these results must be confirmed by additional analyses.
Maternity provision, contract status, and likelihood of returning to work: Evidence from research intensive universities in the UK
Authors: Davies Joanna M. , Brighton Lisa Jane , Reedy Florence , Bajwah Sabrina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReliance on fixed‐term contracts and a lack of adequate maternity provision for fixed‐term workers could be contributing to the loss of women from academia―the so called “leaky pipeline”―but evidence on this is lacking. This paper describes variation, between research intensive universities in the UK, in the maternity provision they offer to fixed‐term workers and presents preliminary staff data on the likelihood of returning to work following a period of maternity leave for academic and non‐academic staff on fixed‐term versus open‐ended contracts. A gendered lens is applied, investigating how the intersection between contractual status and maternity provision contributes to gender inequality in academia within the context of hierarchical neoliberal academic organizing and the masculinized “ideal” academic. Staff data was obtained using a Freedom of Information request made to the 24 Russell Group universities in the United Kingdom. The odds of returning to work after maternity leave were 59% lower for staff on fixed‐term compared to open‐ended contracts (pooled odds ratio: 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.64). Maternity provision for fixed‐term workers varied between institutions, with most operating policies that limit access to enhanced maternity pay for staff on fixed‐term contracts. Wider adoption of maternity policies that are more compatible with employment on fixed‐term contracts, including: no continuous service or return to work requirement, full financial support for staff facing redundancy during maternity leave, and appropriate signposting of redeployment obligations, could help to support more women to stay in academia.
Cuticle – Designed by nature for the sake of the hair
Authors: Breakspear Steven , Ivanov Dimitri A. , Noecker Bernd , Popescu Crisan , Rosenthal Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe cuticle of human hair has been examined, via a range of analytical methods, in order to reveal previously unknown information about its structure and to deepen understanding of its contribution to fibre properties.MethodsCross‐sections of hair fibre have been examined with X‐ray microdiffraction oriented perpendicular to the surface of the cross‐sections. AFM investigations were carried out for further investigating and deciphering the structure of the cuticle. Moisture sorption analytics of cuticle separated from fibre and mechanical tests of decuticled fibres against virgin fibres were used for understanding the role of the cuticle in the economy of hair fibre.ResultsPreviously unknown swelling behaviour of the hair cuticle during moisture sorption has been revealed, as has an increased significance of the cuticle's role in moisture management at higher values of relative humidity. Through AFM investigation, the reaction of hair cuticles with chlorine water has further strengthened the idea that the Allwörden membrane does not exist, and is actually an artefact of the delamination of the A‐layer and exocuticle from the underlying endocuticle. Using decuticled fibres for stress–strain tests, and by comparing the results with those of virgin fibres, the effect of the cuticle on the post‐yield area of the hair fibre stress–strain diagram has also been demonstrated. Finally, X‐ray microdiffraction and AFM investigations suggest that the cuticle possesses a small‐scale ordered structure, based on possibly not fully crystalline and irregularly arranged α‐helices oriented almost perpendicular to the growth axis of the fibre and enhancing the general description of cuticle as the protective layer of the fibre.ConclusionThe role of the cuticle for the hair fibre is more complex than previously thought. The cuticle is demonstrated not only to possess a hidden rod‐matrix structure, that supports its protective nature, but also to play specific roles in the fibre's response to moisture, and in fibre mechanical behaviour.