bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological and Molecular Characterization of a Distinct Two Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus Isolates From Upper Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Sabry Y. , Farrag Eman S. , Amer Mahmoud A. , Wardany Ahmed , Abdel-Haliem Mahmoud E F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out during the period 2017/2018 seasons in order to distinguish between two Zucchinis yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) isolates using biological and molecular methods. They were collected from Sohag Governorate in Upper Egypt and then named Sohag-Eg-1 and Sohag-Eg-2. Mechanical inoculation of isolates was carried out on indicator plants. Chenopodium amaranticolor showed localized chlorotic local lesion by Sohag-Eg-1 and reddening local lesions by Sohag-Eg-2 isolates. Host range and symptoms studies of two isolates indicated some variations in their biological characters. Distinctive symptoms were induced in Cucurbita pepo plants by each isolate. Mechanical inoculations showed that ZYMV-Sohag-Eg-1 produced latent infection (virus multiplication without symptoms) on cantaloupe and cucumber compared with ZYMV-Sohag-Eg-2, which induce faster systemic symptoms. Phylogenetic trees based on nucleic acid sequences were constructed. A high degree of homology was detected between the 2 Egyptian isolates on the nucleotide sequences (99.7%) (GenBank accession MK457354 and MK457355). The partial coat protein (CP) gene sequence of ZYMV-Sohag-Eg-1 and ZYMV-Sohag-Eg-2 varied among the 35 isolates with an overall identity of 92.9%-99.7% and 93.1%-100%, respectively. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of 35 isolates from different geographical regions worldwide showed the two Egyptian isolates clustered with isolates from Austria and Europe (Serbia and Hungary).
Quantification of biological nitrogen fixation by Mo-independent complementary nitrogenases in environmental samples with low nitrogen fixation activity
Authors: Haynes Shannon , Darnajoux Romain , Han Eunah , Oleynik Sergey , Zimble Ezra , Zhang Xinning 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by canonical molybdenum and complementary vanadium, and iron-only nitrogenase isoforms is the primary natural source of newly fixed nitrogen. Understanding controls on global nitrogen cycling requires knowledge of the isoform responsible for environmental BNF. The isotopic acetylene reduction assay (ISARA), which measures carbon stable isotope (13C/12C) fractionation between ethylene and acetylene in acetylene reduction assays, is one of the few methods that can quantify BNF flux by different nitrogenase isoforms. Widespread application of classical ISARA has been limited because high ethylene concentrations (>500 ppmv) are required but environmental BNF activity is often too low. Here we describe a high sensitivity method to measure ethylene δ13C by in-line coupling of ethylene preconcentration to gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EPCon-GC-C-IRMS). Ethylene requirements in ISARA samples with 10% v/v background acetylene are reduced from >500 ppmv to ~20 ppmv (~2 ppm with prior offline chemical removal of acetylene). To increase robustness by reducing calibration error, we use ethylene generated by single nitrogenase-isoform Azotobacter vinelandii mutants from acetylene also used in environmental assays. We apply the new Low BNF activity ISARA (LISARA) method to soils, leaf litter, decaying wood, and termite samples with low nitrogen-fixing activity to demonstrate environmental applicability.
Co-Design of Augmented Reality Games for Learning with Teachers: A methodological approach
Authors: Tobar-Muñoz Hendrys Fabián , Baldiris Silvia , Fabregat Ramon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning (ARGBL) is becoming increasingly relevant in Technology-Enhanced Learning. Games with AR characteristics, or even AR applications structured with rules and game elements, are proving to be effective and successful learning experiences. There is a need to include teachers in the design, development and implementation process as to make it more effective. In this paper, two case studies where 6 teachers participated are shown in order to validate a methodological approach for the co-design of ARGBL. This is a co-design method that proposes a thorough, iterative process guided by design principles and mediated by dialogue between the stakeholders. Here, the process of co-design with teachers is analyzed and assessed using mixed-methods observations on the use of the produced ARGBL games with students on naturalistic environments. The validation process links the usefulness of the ensuing products with the use of the method and shows the benefits of using co-design methods to create ARGBL experiences.
A Review of the Application of Radiocarbon Dating of Archaeological Textiles from Greece at Different States of Preservation
Authors: Margariti Christina , Sava Gabriela , Sava Tiberiu , Boudain Mathieu , Nosch Marie-Louise 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Archaeological textiles are suitable material for radiocarbon dating since they are mainly made of organic matter, like plant and/or animal fibres. Radiocarbon dating provides objective age estimates of archaeological finds, based on measurements of the carbon-14 isotope present in the organic matter against an internationally used reference standard. However, the quantity and quality of carbon present in the organic matter of archaeological textiles, can be affected either by the conditions under which the find was preserved (such as, carbonisation, the chemical change of organic matter to inert carbon, and mineralisation, the gradual replacement of organic matter by metal degradation products), or by the application of certain interventive methods of conservation (such as, consolidation and the application of organic adhesives, that add foreign organic matter/carbon to the textile). Six case studies of archaeological textiles that were dated using the carbon-14 method are presented here. Two carbonised textile finds, two mineralised (one treated with adhesives in the past), and two textile finds coming from inhumation burials (similarly one previously treated with adhesives). The paper includes a discussion and review of the dating method, focusing on sample selection, sample preparation, and an evaluation of the efficiency of the technique on textile finds at various states of preservation. In essence, the efficiency of the technique is highly dependable on the amount of carbon present in the finds, which does not seem to be affected by carbonisation, but is greatly negatively affected by mineralisation and the incorporation of foreign organic matter, like synthetic consolidants.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Seismic Performance of Corroded RC Columns of Low-strength Concrete
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Liu Yang , Hu Feng , Gu Xianglin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A huge number of reinforced concrete structures designed without aseismic consideration exist at the risk of both reinforcement corrosion and earthquake. They were generally made of low-strength concrete and loaded with a relatively large compression ratio. A total of 11 RC columns of low-strength concrete with different corrosion degree were obtained by the impressed current method, and low-cycle repeated loading tests were carried out on the columns with the axial compression ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.75. Seismic performance of corroded RC columns of low-strength concrete was analyzed through discussion of the impact of reinforcement corrosion on failure modes, hysteretic behavior, skeleton curve and energy dissipation capacity. For more comprehensive understanding of seismic performance of corroded RC columns, a numerical model based on the multi-spring model was developed by introducing a restoring model of corroded rebars. The numerical simulation results showed a good agreement with experimental results. With the verified numerical model, the influence of concrete strength, reinforcement ratio and axial compression ratio the impact of reinforcement corrosion on seismic performance of RC columns were further investigated. It is found that the seismic performance of RC columns decreases rapidly with the increase of axial compression ratio and corrosion degree, As the axial compression ratio increases, the impact of reinforcement corrosion on the seismic performance is gradually weakened owing to the decreased contribution of longitudinal rebars to the load-carrying capacity. For similar reasons, the impact of reinforcement corrosion is more obvious in RC columns of low-strength concrete with a larger reinforcement ratio.
Macromolecular crowding facilitates rapid fabrication of intact, robust cell sheets
Authors: Guan Shuwen , Wu Shipeng , Li Gang , Xiao Jiangwei , Gao Botao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives To develop a rapid and simple method to fabricate intact, robust cell sheets from common cell culture dishes by combination of a macromolecular crowding (MMC) reagent and vitamin C.
Results It was found that 3T3 fibroblasts or human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and their secreted cell derived extracellular matrices could be easily detached as intact cell sheets under gently pipetting after treated by MMC and vitamin C for 4 days. This method also allowed fabrication of functional multi-layered hepatic cell sheets by culturing 10×104 cells/cm2 HepG2 cells on top of confluent 3T3 fibroblast layers. What’s more, MMC induced hBMSC cell sheets demonstrated 1.4 times larger area and 1.6 times greater cell number than that of cell sheets harvested from temperature-responsive cell culture dishes.
Conclusion MMC based method make it possible to fabricate various types of cell sheets more conveniently, economically, and thus may facilitate wide application of cell sheet technology.
Introgressive hybridization levels of Tilapiines species in Lake Victoria basin, Kenya inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA genotyping based on next- generation sequencing
Authors: Kwikiriza Gerald , Thapasya Vijayan , Tibihika Papius Dias , Curto Manuel , Winkler Gerold , Nattabi Juliet Kattabi , Kariuki John , Meimberg Harald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite their high abundance and species richness, tilapiines have been compromised by various factors especially overfishing, climate change, and un-controlled fish translocations. Fish translocations have negatively impacted native tilapiine populations through competition, predation, hybridization, and introgression compromising their genetic integrity. The hybridization levels of different tilapiines in the Lake Victoria basin remains an understudied aspect relatively. The study utilized nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic markers to investigate hybridization signals and compare the genetic diversity of different tilapiines in Lake Victoria, Kenya, using next-generation sequencing. Low levels of hybridization from Oreochromis niloticus into other Oreochromis species were detected by Bayesian clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The results contribute to the need for conservation measures of these fish species.
CHK1 Inhibition Overcomes Gemcitabine Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell A549
Authors: Ke Zhi-Yin , Fu Tian , Wang Xue-Chun , Xuan Ma , Yin Hai-Han , Zhou Jian-Ping , Liu Yong-Jun , Liang Ai-Ling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Lung cancer is a very common cancer diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer death. Among them, the treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) are very limited, mainly due to the frequent development of anti-cancer drug resistance. Targeted DNA repair mechanisms have reached clinical application, and new therapeutic strategies including targeting cell cycle checkpoint sites, such as ATR and CHK1, are currently under clinical development. In this study, NSCLC A549 cells and gemcitabine-resistant strain A549/G+cells were used to explore the synergistic effect of CHK1 inhibition and gemcitabine, and to evaluate the potential of overcoming drug resistance and related molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that inhibition of CHK1 and gemcitabine combination significantly reduced the proliferation ability of the two cell lines. We also revealed the effect of full-length PARP degradation and reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio on increased apoptosis. Inhibition of CHK1 expression leads to DNA damage, induces phosphorylation of γ-H2AX, and affects the repair of homologous recombination ability through Rad51. Mechanistically, gemcitabine increased phosphorylation-ATR (pATR) and phosphorylation-CHK1 (pCHK1), indicating activation of the DNA repair system and ATR-CHK1-CDC25A pathway. Inhibition of CHK1 resulted in increased synthesis of CDK2/Cyclin A2 and CDK2/Cyclin E1 complexes, and more cells entered the subsequent cell cycle, leading to S phase arrest and mitotic catastrophe. In conclusion, in our study, we identified inhibition of CHK1 as a potential treatment for NSCLC and confirmed that inhibition of this kinase can overcome acquired gemcitabine resistance.
The effect of porosity distributions on post-buckling of imperfect nanocomposite plate by TSDT
Authors: Ahmadi Omid , Rash-Ahmadi Samrand 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The post-buckling behavior of a porous nanocomposite plates reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with and without imperfection peresented. Different porosity distributions are considered, uniform and non-uniform. The elastic properties of the nanocomposite plates are determined using the Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. Von Karman relations and third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) were implemented to calculate the stress and displacement fields. Numerical results are given for evaluating the effects of different porosity distribution, material properties and imperfection on displacement and stress fields in a nanocomposite plate. Large deflection theory are considered to extract the stress field and displacement field for the perfect and imperfect nanocomposite plate. Navier solution is used to solve the large deflection nonlinear equations. The results are compared and validated with the pervious works. It is observed that applying the various porosity distributions to a nanocomposite plate lead to a significant effect on the value on post-buckling loads.
The Southern Indian Ocean Dipole and its effects on Precipitation in China
Authors: Dong Ran , Guan Yuanhong , Zhou Wen , Wu Xianghua , Guo Chenguang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes and discusses the characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Southern Indian Ocean, the changes in the location of the Indian Ocean Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and their impact on precipitation in China from 1979 to 2021. Results show that the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD), an SST southwest-northeast dipole distribution between the subtropics and extratropics, is the dominant mode of interannual variability in the Southern Indian Ocean in observations. The SIOD displays an apparent seasonal phase-locking, with the anomaly pattern developing in boreal autumn, peaking in winter, and decaying in the ensuing spring and summer. Wavelet analysis shows that the SIOD mode has an interdecadal variation period of 6–7 years over the study period. Moreover, the SIOD has a strong correlation with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and it is found that after separating ENSO signals, the Indian Ocean ITCZ positions (averaged over 35°–75°E) in boreal winter (DJF) of the same year and the spring (MAM) of the next year are significantly influenced by pure SIOD events, with a southward (northward) shift in the Indian Ocean ITCZ under pure positive SIOD (pure negative SIOD) events during DJF. In MAM, the Indian Ocean ITCZ moves in the opposite direction to that in DJF under pure positive and negative SIOD events, and the position changes are greater than those in DJF. Additionally, in boreal winter and spring, precipitation in China is associated with the position of the Indian Ocean ITCZ, which is positively (negatively) connected with precipitation in DJF (MAM) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In DJF and MAM, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River decreases (increases) under pure positive SIOD (pure negative SIOD) events. That is, the position of the ITCZ in the Indian Ocean may be one of the intermediaries by which the SIOD affects precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of AlMg alloy fabricated by additive friction stir deposition
Authors: Shen Zhikang , Zhang Mingtao , Li Dongxiao , Liu Xinyu , Chen Shaolong , Hou Wentao , Ding Yuquan , Sun Zhonggang , Su Yu , Li Wenya , Tian Yanhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work investigates microstructure characterization and mechanical properties of Aluminum alloy fabricated by additive friction stir deposition (AFSD). Microstructure characterize of the Aluminum alloy 5B70 base material (BM) and build were compared using optical microscope (OM) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Hardness distribution in the direction perpendicular to the cross-section of deposited area was measured and the pattern was evaluated. Tensile tests were performed on the BM and the deposition using digital image correlation (DIC), and the stress distribution states of the specimens were analyzed in real time. After the tensile tests, the fracture micromorphology was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a high degree of recrystallization of the grains in the deposition zone occurs and fine equiaxed grains are formed, which are oriented differently. In tensile tests on the deposition, it was found that the strength of the deposition was significantly lower compared to the BM, but its toughness was significantly higher. And there is a significant anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the deposition.
Digital health interventions for the self management of COPD: Protocol for a Systematic literature Review
Authors: Verma Ashwani , Behera Ashok , Joshi Ashish , Kumar Rohitashwa , Gudi Nachiket , Islam KM Monirul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The burden of Chronic Respiratory disease including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to patients, their caretakers, and health system is gradually increasing. COPD is also associated with the morbidity, mortality, disability adjusted life years and highest costs. Digital health interventions for the self-management of COPD exacerbations could improve the positive outcomes for COPD patients. Aim: This systematic review will be conducted with the aim of creating an evidence base for digital health intervention for the self-management of COPD. Method: The searches will be carried out in six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest between 2005 to 2021. Studies assessing the impact of digital health intervention for the self-management of COPD published in English language will be included. WHO’s Monitoring and Evaluating Digital Health intervention stages maturity life cycle will be used to assess the implementation approach of included studies. Critical appraisal of the included studies will be conducted using Joanna Briggs institute critical appraisal tool.Discussion: The findings of this review will be utilized to inform the designing of informatics platform for the self-management of COPD in India.
Diversity, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Expression Profiles of Invertase Inhibitor Genes in Sweetpotato
Authors: Acheampong Samuel , Sederoff Heike , Olukolu Bode A. , Asare Aaron T. , Yencho G. Craig 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Invertases and their inhibitor proteins are key regulators of carbon allocation in plants. Manipulation of invertase inhibitor (ITI) activity can potentially increase crop yield. The aim of this study was to determine the sequence diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and expression profiles of ITI genes in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas).
Results
The results from DNA sequences from two sweetpotato varieties show that introns are absent in ITI homologs in the species. Two ITI paralogs were identified in sweetpotato (SPITI1 and SPITI2). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), insertions and deletions (Indels), and variable number of simple sequence repeats (SSR) were present in SPITI1, however, only SNPs were identified in SPITI2. The predicted SPITI1 proteins had 168, 172, or 174 amino acid residues, and molecular weights ranging from 17.88 to 18.38 kDa. In contrast, all SPITI2 sequences coded for predicted proteins with 192 amino acid residues, with molecular weight ranging from 20.59 to 20.65 kDa. All conserved domains of ITI proteins were present in both protein isoforms. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both SPITI genes were more closely related to I.trifida and I.triloba than I.nil, thus, suggesting their evolutionary relationship and conservation. A qPCR study indicated that both SPITI genes were expressed in all the sample tissues, though relative expression values differed across different tissues at different developmental stages.
Conclusions
This is the first study reporting diversity of SPITI genes and of an ~ 18 kDA isoform in sweetpotato. The findings may enable design of genetic engineering strategies for SPITI genes, including CRISPR/Cas gene editing in sweetpotato.
Tumor-selective blockade of CD47 signaling with CD47 antibody for enhanced anti-tumor activity in malignant meningioma
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Xiaotong , Zhang Huarong , Wang Chaohu , Li Zhiyong , Zhu Qianchao , Feng Yiwen , Fan Jun , Qi Songtao , Wu Zhiyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Patients with WHO grade III meningioma have a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than two years and a high risk of recurrence. However, traditional treatment options have failed to improve prognosis. Therefore, development of novel immunotherapy targets is urgently needed. CD47 acting as a “don't eat me” signal to macrophages of the immune system can trigger tumor immune escape. However, the role of CD47 in malignant meningioma is not well understood. We collected 190 clinical meningioma samples and detected the expression of CD47 and immune infiltrate in WHO grade I-III by immunohistochemistry, western blot, Q-PCR and analyzed the correlation with pathological classification using statistical software. We also examined the functional effects of anti-CD47 antibody (B6H12) on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and tumorigenicity both in vitro and vivo. The expression of tumor relating pathways were also detected by immunohistochemistry. We found that CD47 expression was increased in malignant meningioma along with a decreased number of T cells and an increase in CD68 expressing macrophages. Blocking CD47 with anti-CD47 antibody suppressed cancer cell growth, motility and promoted macrophage-mediated phagocytosis in the malignant meningioma cell line (IOMM-Lee). Additionally, p-ERK and EGFR showed higher expression than other signaling pathways in malignant meningioma with high expression of CD47 and showed decreased expression in CD47 downregulation tumor tissues. These results demonstrate that CD47 may be involved in the disease progression and prognosis and offer a novel therapeutic option by targeting CD47 in malignant meningioma.