bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing rural income through public agricultural R&D: Spatial spillover and infrastructure thresholds
Authors: Zhan Jintao , Ma Yubei , Hu Wuyang , Chen Chao , Lu Qinan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHow much farmers benefit from public agricultural research and development (R&D) has been a topic of continued interest. Compared to studies based on classical statistics, we show theoretically and employ the Spatial Durbin Model and the Panel Threshold Regression Model to investigate the different impacts and spatial spillover effects of public agricultural R&D on farm and nonfarm income. Using China's provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015, we find that public agricultural R&D has a positive impact on rural household income. This impact is mainly reflected by nonfarm income and exhibits heterogeneous interprovincial‐spatial spillover. We also find that interregional differences in infrastructure, represented by road transportation and Internet access in rural areas, are the main reasons for the spatial heterogeneity. Higher road density and Internet penetration enhance the positive impact of public agricultural R&D on rural income, and the enhancement exhibits characteristics of thresholds, after which the size of enhancement becomes increasingly larger.
How Interviewers Affect Responses to Sensitive Questions on the Justification for Wife Beating, the Refusal to have Conjugal Sex, and Domestic Violence in India
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Kumar Kaushalendra , Arnold Fred 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite a general understanding that interviewers might cause measurement errors on sensitive questions in sample surveys, there is relatively little research on interviewer effects on responses to questions on women justifying a woman's refusal to have sex with her husband, women justifying wife beating, women's experience of physical and sexual violence, and whether the woman's father ever beat her mother. This study examines interviewer effects on these indicators that were collected in two large‐scale National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) in India (2005–2006 and 2015–2016). We use cross‐classified random intercept multivariable multilevel logit models to examine interviewer effects. In both surveys, we find large interviewer effects on questions about the justification of a woman refusing to have sex with her husband (32–33% in NFHS‐3 and 45–46% in NFHS‐4) and the justification of wife beating (27–28% in NFHS‐3 and 33–34% in NFHS‐4). The interviewer effects were much larger in the 2015–2016 survey than in the 2005–2006 survey. Such large interviewer effects should be considered when interpreting trends and patterns on these topics, especially since the interviewer effects might have changed between survey rounds. Understanding interviewer effects is important given the wide use of these surveys in policy formulation and monitoring in India.
Validating a predictive algorithm for suicide risk with Alaska Native populations
Authors: Shaw Jennifer L. , Beans Julie A. , Noonan Carolyn , Smith Julia J. , Mosley Mike , Lillie Kate M. , Avey Jaedon P. , Ziebell Rebecca , Simon Gregory 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) suicide rate in Alaska is twice the state rate and four times the U.S. rate. Healthcare systems need innovative methods of suicide risk detection. The Mental Health Research Network (MHRN) developed suicide risk prediction algorithms in a general U.S. patient population.MethodsWe applied MHRN predictors and regression coefficients to electronic health records of AI/AN patients aged ≥13 years with behavioral health diagnoses and primary care visits between October 1, 2016, and March 30, 2018. Logistic regression assessed model accuracy for predicting and stratifying risk for suicide attempt within 90 days after a visit. We compared expected to observed risk and assessed model performance characteristics.Results10,864 patients made 47,413 primary care visits. Suicide attempt occurred after 589 (1.2%) visits. Visits in the top 5% of predicted risk accounted for 40% of actual attempts. Among visits in the top 0.5% of predicted risk, 25.1% were followed by suicide attempt. The best fitting model had an AUC of 0.826 (95% CI: 0.809–0.843).ConclusionsThe MHRN model accurately predicted suicide attempts among AI/AN patients. Future work should develop clinical and operational guidance for effective implementation of the model with this population.
Epidemiological observations on pastern dermatitis in young horses and evaluation of essential fatty acid spot‐on applications with or without phytosphingosine as prophylactic treatment
Authors: Raizner Nicola T. , Gedon Natalie K.Y. , Zablotski Yury , Kania Stephen A. , Kühnle Harald F. , Kühnle Christoph , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundEquine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common multifactorial clinical syndrome in horses. Treatment can be difficult; pathogenesis and triggering factors cannot always be determined.ObjectivesTo assess risk factors for developing EPD in a large group of horses kept under the same conditions and to analyse whether or not a spot‐on containing essential fatty acids and antimicrobial agents is able to prevent the development of EPD or accelerate the healing process.AnimalsEach year 50 young, privately owned, warmblood horses were prospectively included.MethodsAll horses were examined weekly between August and October for the presence of typical EPD skin lesions. Additionally, in the first year, horses were randomly divided into three subgroups of intervention. The pastern areas were treated once weekly either with 0.6 mL of a spot‐on containing essential fatty acids and aromatic oils, or a preparation containing additional antibacterial phytosphingosine, or not at all.ResultsNonpigmented pastern areas were affected significantly more often than pigmented pastern areas (P < 0.0001). The interaction between moisture and opportunistic pathogens seemed to be a major triggering factor for EPD. There was no difference in the occurrence of EPD in the three subgroups. The lesion scores of affected limbs in both spot‐on groups were significantly lower compared to the control group.Conclusion and clinical importanceMoisture and lack of pigmentation predisposed to EPD. Topical application of the tested spot‐on once weekly did not prevent the disease. A positive effect of both spot‐on products on the severity of EPD lesions was detected.
Brachycephaly in French bulldogs and pugs is associated with narrow ear canals
Authors: Töpfer Tanja , Köhler Claudia , Rösch Sarah , Oechtering Gerhard 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBrachycephalic dog breeds have multiple skull malformations which may lead to anatomical changes in the external auditory canal. It is our frequent observation that in the otoscopic examination of the external ear in these breeds we are unable to visualise the tympanic membrane as a consequence of extreme narrowing of the proximal ear canal. Additionally brachycephalic dogs reportedly are predisposed to otitis externa (OE) and otitis media.ObjectivesTo characterizse the transition of the cartilaginous ear canal to the bony meatus acusticus externus using computed tomography (CT) and to investigate a possible association with OE in brachycephalic dogs.Materials and methodsSeventy‐five client‐owned dogs [pugs (n = 20), French bulldogs (n = 55)] were included and assessed for OE using an owner questionnaire and otoscopic and cytological examinations. In dorsal plane CT scans, the diameter of the porus acusticus externus was measured using novel methodology. The results were compared with a normocephalic control group without preexisting otological disorders.ResultsBrachycephalic dogs had a significantly smaller porus acusticus externus diameter (2.6 mm) than normocephalic dogs (5.0 mm). Of the brachycephalic dogs, 32% had OE yet this was not statistically significantly related to the diameter of the porus acusticus externus. Middle ear effusion (44%) and narrowing of the external ear canal (82.6%) were significantly more frequent in brachycephalic dogs. Only five of 150 eardrums could be visualised otoscopically.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMalformation of the porus acusticus externus causes severe stenosis of the proximal ear canal in brachycephalic dogs. A connection between stenosis of the external auditory canal and OE could not be confirmed.
SINGLE CHANNEL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM WITH LOG-MMSE
Authors: Ghorpade Kalpana , Khaparde Arti 
Published: March 2022

Additive noise degrades speech quality and intelligibility. Speech enhancement reduces this noise to make speech more pleasant and intelligible. It plays a significant role in speech recognition or speech-operated systems. In this paper, we propose a single-channel speech enhancement method in which the log-minimum mean square error method (log-MMSE) and modified accelerated particle swarm optimization algorithm are used to design a filter for improving the quality and intelligibility of noisy speech. Accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm is modified in which a single dimension of particle position is changed in a single iteration while obtaining the particle’s new position. Using this algorithm, a filter is designed with multiple passbands and notches for speech enhancement. The modified algorithm converges faster compared with standard particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and APSO giving optimum filter coefficients. The designed filter is used to enhance the speech. The proposed speech enhancement method improves the perceptual estimation of speech quality (PESQ) by 17.05% for 5dB babble noise, 33.92 % for 5dB car noise, 14.96 % for 5dB airport noise, and 39.13 % for 5dB exhibition noise. The average output PESQ for these four types of noise is improved compared to conventional methods of speech enhancement. There is an average of 7.58 dB improvement in segmental SNR for these noise types. The proposed method improves speech intelligibility with minimum speech distortion.
Reliability of the passive leg movement assessment of vascular function in men
Authors: Groot H. Jonathan , Broxterman Ryan M. , Gifford Jayson R. , Garten Ryan S. , Rossman Matthew J. , Jarrett Catherine L. , Kwon Oh Sung , Hydren Jay R. , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: March 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Use of the passive leg movement (PLM) test, a non‐invasive assessment of microvascular function, is on the rise. However, PLM reliability in men has not been adequately investigated, nor has such reliability data, in men, been compared to the most commonly employed vascular function assessment, flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD).
What is the main finding and its importance?
PLM is a reliable method to assess vascular function in men, and is comparable to values previously reported for PLM in women, and for FMD. Given the importance of vascular function as a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, these data support the utility of PLM as a clinically relevant measurement.
AbstractAlthough vascular function is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, and therefore has significant prognostic value, there is currently not a single clinically accepted method of assessment. The passive leg movement (PLM) assessment predominantly reflects microvascular endothelium‐dependent vasodilation and can identify decrements in vascular function with advancing age and pathology. Reliability of the PLM model was only recently determined in women, and has not been adequately investigated in men. Twenty healthy men (age: 27 ± 2 year) were studied on three separate experimental days, resulting in three within‐day and three between‐day trials. The hyperemic response to PLM was assessed with Doppler ultrasound, and expressed as the absolute peak in leg blood flow (LBFpeak), change from baseline to peak (ΔLBFpeak), absolute area under the curve (LBFAUC), and change in AUC from baseline (ΔLBFAUC). PLM‐induced hyperemia yielded within‐day coefficients of variation (CV) from 10.9 to 22.9%, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) from 0.82 to 0.90, standard error of the measurement (SEM) from 8.3 to 17.2%, and Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) from 0.56 to 0.81. Between‐day assessments of PLM hyperemia resulted in CV from 14.4 to 25%, ICC from 0.75 to 0.87, SEM from 9.8 to 19.8%, and r from 0.46 to 0.75. Similar to previous reports in women, the hyperemic responses to PLM in men display moderate‐to‐high reliability, and are comparable to reliability data for brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation. These positive reliability findings further support the utility of PLM as a clinical measurement of vascular function and cardiovascular disease risk.
A Distributed Fuel Injection Approach to Suppress Lean Blow-Out and NOx Emissions in a Methane-Ammonia-Fueled Premixed Swirl Combustor
Authors: Viswamithra Varun N. , Menon Shyam K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In an effort to reduce the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions, ammonia is being pursued as a fuel for power generation as it is a carbon-free energy source. However, the use of ammonia-air mixtures in premixed swirl combustors poses challenges due to low flame speed, reactivity, and high Nitrous oxide emissions. This study attempts to overcome lean blowout limits of methane-ammonia-air mixtures by a novel, multipoint (O(103)) injection strategy, whereby micron-sized holes on the swirler vanes generate a coflowing stream of fuel and air, which is then injected into a swirling air cross-flow. The resulting improvement in mixing facilitated by increases in momentum flux ratio and fine-scale turbulence is found to reduce lean blowout (LBO) limits to equivalence ratios between 0.65 and 0.7 for mixtures containing ammonia as high as 80–90% by volume. The measurements carried out using a model-swirl combustor setup are analyzed further using zero-dimensional chemical kinetic models as well as CH* and OH* chemiluminescence. Chemiluminescence imaging shows the heat release zone to move downstream and broaden with an increase in ammonia content, as a result of decreasing flame speed. This forms a precursor to lean blow out through the action of instabilities at the flame front, which is potentially alleviated by the improved mixing achieved through the multipoint injection strategy. The resulting ultrashort mixing length can lead to a compact combustor design with the ability to lower LBO limits and improve Nitrous oxide emissions while utilizing carbon-free ammonia.
Recent Advances in the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation: Literature Review From 2012 to 2020
Authors: Otsuka Keisuke , Makihara Kanjuro , Sugiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is a nonincremental nonlinear finite element procedure that has been successfully applied to the large deformation analysis of multibody systems for more than two decades. Although a comprehensive review on ANCF was conducted by Gerstmayr et al. (2013, “Review on the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation for Large Deformation Analysis of Multibody Systems,” J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn., 8(3), p. 031016), significant theoretical developments have been made since then at a much faster pace to improve the element accuracy and computational efficiency. In order to overview recent advances in ANCF simulation capabilities that are not covered in the first review paper, this paper aims to conduct a comprehensive review of 259 papers concerning ANCF published from 2012 to 2020. It is shown that the ANCF element library has grown substantially for beam, plate/shell, solid elements, eliminating drawbacks of ANCF elements developed earlier. The application areas have extended, especially in the aerospace field, and the enhanced ANCF simulation capabilities have been demonstrated in solving challenging engineering problems. Research efforts have been made continually to integrate computer-aided design (CAD) and analysis with ANCF elements. Furthermore, computational improvements and multiphysics simulations have become major research topics for ANCF. It is also demonstrated that the accurate ANCF geometry description can be exploited to facilitate structural optimization of multibody systems.
E/I-corrected inclination shallowing in Cenozoic redbeds from the northern Tarim Basin, NW China: Possible causes and paleogeographic implications
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Shen Bai , Sun Jimin , Ren Zhikun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBecause of their widespread occurrence and ability to carry stable remanence, continental redbeds in central Asia are frequently used in paleomagnetic studies. However, the paleomagnetic inclinations recorded by redbeds are much shallower than the expected values, as redbeds are usually subjected to inclination shallowing. To recognize and correct the inclinations recorded by the Cenozoic redbeds, the paleomagnetic data that were used for magnetostratigraphic studies in the Kuqa Depression, northern Tarim Basin, are reanalyzed in this study. The mean inclinations of the four groups of samples (Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene) are systematically ~20° shallower than the expected values calculated from the apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) of Eurasia, indicating the presence of inclination shallowing. We apply the elongation/inclination (E/I) method to correct the inclination shallowing. The mean inclinations of the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene sediments are corrected from 40.5° to 63.1°, 41.0° to 63.8°, 42.0° to 63.8°, and 44.7° to 63.2°, within 95% confidence limits between 55.1° and 71.6°, 53.7° and 70.4°, 51.5° and 72.7°, and 52.2° and 71.3°, respectively, which are indistinguishable from the expected inclination values. Our results suggest that inclination shallowing in the redbeds of central Asia can be reasonably corrected using the E/I method, and sedimentary processes such as compaction and/or imbrication in the very early stage of burial are important causes for inclination shallowing. Paleolatitudes calculated from the E/I-corrected inclinations show that the Tarim Basin should have reached or been at least close to its current latitude since the Cretaceous. The Cenozoic crustal shortening estimate of the northern Tarim Basin is not detectible for paleomagnetic study.
LVD—Multipurpose Russian–Italian Detector
Authors: Agafonova N. Yu. , Ryazhskaya O. G. ,   LVD Collaboration
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected results from the multipurpose Large Volume Detector (LVD) are presented. Investigations at the LVD setup are being performed according to the program of continuous searches for neutrinos from supernova explosions in the Milky Way Galaxy and muon- and neutron-physics programs. At the present time, the LVD setup is the largest scintillation detector, which possesses a unique potential for studies in the realms of underground physics.
Assessing the magnitude of reporting bias in trials of homeopathy: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis
Authors: Gartlehner Gerald , Emprechtinger Robert , Hackl Marlene , Jutz Franziska L , Gartlehner Jacob E , Nonninger Julian N , Klerings Irma , Dobrescu Andreea Iulia 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of reporting bias in trials assessing homeopathic treatments and its impact on evidence syntheses.DesignA cross-sectional study and meta-analysis. Two persons independently searched Clinicaltrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform up to April 2019 to identify registered homeopathy trials. To determine whether registered trials were published and to detect published but unregistered trials, two persons independently searched PubMed, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Embase and Google Scholar up to April 2021. For meta-analyses, we used random effects models to determine the impact of unregistered studies on meta-analytic results.Main outcomes and measuresWe report the proportion of registered but unpublished trials and the proportion of published but unregistered trials. We also assessed whether primary outcomes were consistent between registration and publication. For meta-analyses, we used standardised mean differences (SMDs).ResultsSince 2002, almost 38% of registered homeopathy trials have remained unpublished, and 50% of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have not been registered. Retrospective registration was more common than prospective registration. Furthermore, 25% of primary outcomes were altered or changed compared with the registry. Although we could detect a statistically significant trend toward an increase of registrations of homeopathy trials (p=0.001), almost 30% of RCTs published during the past 5 years had not been registered.A meta-analysis stratified by registration status of RCTs revealed substantially larger treatment effects of unregistered RCTs (SMD: −0.53, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.20) than registered RCTs (SMD: −0.14, 95% CI −0.35 to 0.07).ConclusionsRegistration of published trials was infrequent, many registered trials were not published and primary outcomes were often altered or changed. This likely affects the validity of the body of evidence of homeopathic literature and may overestimate the true treatment effect of homeopathic remedies.
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children: a single-centre experience from Beijing, China
Authors: Hu Bing , Chen Tian-Ming , Liu Shu-Ping , Hu Hui-Li , Guo Ling-Yun , Chen He-Ying , Li Shao-Ying , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo date, there is no standard diagnostic practice to identify the underlying disease-causing mechanism for paediatric patients suffering from chronic fever without any specific diagnosis, which is one of the leading causes of death in paediatric patients. Therefore, we aimed this retrospective study to analyse medical records of paediatric patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) to provide a preliminary basis for improving the diagnostic categories and facilitate the treatment outcomes.DesignA retrospective study.SettingBeijing Children’s Hospital.ParticipantsClinical data were collected from 1288 children between 1 month and 18 years of age diagnosed with FUO at Beijing Children’s Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017.InterventionsAccording to the aetiological composition, age, duration of fever and laboratory examination results, the diagnostic strategies were analysed and formulated.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS V.24.0 platform along with the χ2test and analysis of variance (p<0.05).ResultsThe duration of fever ranged from 2 weeks to 2 years, with an average of 6 weeks. There were 656 cases (50.9%) of infectious diseases, 63 cases (4.9%) of non-infectious inflammatory diseases (NIIDs), 86 cases (6.7%) of neoplastic diseases, 343 cases (26.6%) caused by miscellaneous diseases and 140 cases (10.9%) were undiagnosed. With increasing age, the proportion of FUO from infectious diseases gradually decreased from 73.53% to 44.21%. NIID was more common in children over 3 years old, and neoplastic diseases mainly occurred from 1 to 6 years of age. Among miscellaneous diseases, the age distribution was mainly in school-aged children over 6 years. Respiratory tract infection was the most common cause of FUO in children, followed by bloodstream infections. Bacterial infection was the most common cause in children with less than 1 year old, while the virus was the main pathogen in children over 1 year old.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of neoplastic diseases and miscellaneous diseases-related diseases still depends mainly on invasive examination. According to our clinical experience, the diagnostic process was formulated based on fever duration and the type of disease. This process can provide a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric FUO in the future.