bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: A study of low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Neves Paulo Augusto Ribeiro , Vaz Juliana S. , Ricardo Luiza I. C. , Armenta‐Paulino Nancy N. , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Richter Linda , Rollins Nigel , Peréz‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly initiation of breast feeding (EIBF) reduces the risk of neonatal mortality. However, only 45% of newborns are breast‐fed within the first hour after birth and prelacteal feeding (PLF) is widely prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).ObjectiveTo assess within‐ and between‐country disparities in EIBF and PLF practices by household wealth and place of birth and to investigate the national‐level correlation between these feeding indicators in LMICs.MethodsData from Demographic Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2010–2019) in 76 LMICs were used to investigate within‐country disparities in EIBF, any PLF, milk‐based prelacteal feeding (MPLF), and water‐based prelacteal feeding (WPLF) by wealth quintiles and place of childbirth (institutional [private or public sector] or in‐home) for children under two years. We examined the between‐country Pearson's correlation between EIBF and types of PLF, later adjusted for per capita gross domestic product (GDP).ResultsNo clear wealth‐related differences were found for EIBF and WPLF; however, any PLF and MPLF were significantly higher in children belonging to the richest 20% of households but are also prevalent among lower income groups. Prevalence of any PLF was higher among institutional births in all LMICs, but especially for MPLF in private sector deliveries in East Asia & the Pacific, Eastern Europe & Central Asia, and Latin America & the Caribbean. WPLF was more common in all African regions. EIBF was inversely correlated with any PLF (r = −0.59, 95% CI −0.72, −0.42), MPLF (r = −0.41, 95% CI −0.58, −0.21) and WPLF (r = −0.34, 95% CI −0.53, −0.13). Adjustment for log‐GDP did not affect the magnitude and direction of the results.ConclusionClear prorich disparities exist in the prevalence of PLF, especially MPLF. Children born in private sector facilities are more likely to receive MPLF. EIBF is negatively associated with PLF practices in LMICs. The promotion of better early feeding practices is urgent to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal to reduce neonatal mortality to 12 deaths per 1000 live births.
Agglomeration and innovation effort: A longitudinal study on small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Duy Luong Vinh Quoc , Cassells Damien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes agglomeration effects on innovation behavior by small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam. We use a novel data set of 1,520 small and medium enterprises from 2011 to 2015. We focus on the spatial concentration of economic activities that influence firms’ innovation outcomes. Moreover, we outline firms' and owners' characteristics as we examine the role of entrepreneurs and other covariates such as firm size, age, and the number of establishments in fostering their firm's innovation. Empirical results show the following: agglomeration contributes to the firms' innovation. Firms were less likely to innovate when they become larger in size, but microfirms were less innovative than others. Firms were found to be more innovative if they produce more than one product and operate in different cities or provinces. In contrast to the strong effects of agglomeration on firm innovation, firm‐level characteristics, especially that of owners, exhibit a weaker or insignificant role.
Nonparametric bounds for the survivor function under general dependent truncation
Authors: Qian Jing , Betensky Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTruncation occurs in cohort studies with complex sampling schemes. When truncation is ignored or incorrectly assumed to be independent of the event time in the observable region, bias can result. We derive completely nonparametric bounds for the survivor function under truncation and censoring; these extend prior nonparametric bounds derived in the absence of truncation. We also define a hazard ratio function that links the unobservable region in which event time is less than truncation time, to the observable region in which event time is greater than truncation time, under dependent truncation. When this function can be bounded, and the probability of truncation is known approximately, it yields narrower bounds than the purely nonparametric bounds. Importantly, our approach targets the true marginal survivor function over its entire support, and is not restricted to the observable region, unlike alternative estimators. We evaluate the methods in simulations and in clinical applications.
Executive summary: Elite women’s football—Performance, recovery, diet, and health
Authors: Mohr Magni , Brito João , de Sousa Maysa , Pettersen Svein Arne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present special issue of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports focuses on performance, recovery, diet, and health in elite women’s football. Beside this summary, an editorial, topic reviews, and original articles written by several of the most published authors in football research are presented. It is, for example, highlighted that there is a great gender inequality in football research in favor of men, especially within elite football populations. Therefore, the broad‐spectrum content of the special issue with focus on several performance areas in women’s football, recovery strategies, nutrition, and psychological factors is highly warranted. Several of the topics examined and data presented are examined for the first on elite women’s football, and therefore, we hope that this special issue will contribute to gender balance the research and emphasis on football in both genders.
The co‐evolution of friendship, defending behaviors, and peer victimization: A short‐term longitudinal social network analysis
Authors: Lambe Laura J. , Craig Wendy M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeers are critical influencers of adolescent behavior, including defending against peer victimization. The current research explored peer influence processes associated with four different types of peer‐defending behaviors (comforting, reporting, solution‐focused, and aggressive defending behaviors) within early adolescent friendship networks. Links with peer victimization, friendship ties, and gender were also explored. Data were collected from 334 early adolescents ages 11–14 in Canada. Participants self‐reported on defending behaviors, victimization, and friendships over two time‐points, 8–10 weeks apart. Data were analyzed using Stochastic Actor‐Oriented Models (SAOMs). After controlling for friendship network structure and peer selection for defending behaviors, results indicated significant peer socialization effects for comforting, reporting, and solution‐focused defending. For solution‐focused defending only, the peer socialization effect was significantly stronger for girls than for boys. There were no significant selection effects across defending behaviors. In terms of social outcomes, youth with higher levels of reporting tended to have higher levels of peer victimization (and vice versa). Peer victimization was also positively associated with aggressive defending. Defending behaviors were generally unrelated to changes in friendship ties. Overall, these results highlight how friendships contribute to the development of peer‐defending behaviors and emphasize the need to examine defending as a multidimensional behavior.
A gaze‐based interaction method for large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes within mobile virtual reality
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Hu Ya , Zhu Jun , Fu Lin , Xu Bingli , Li Weilian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) visualization of disaster scenes based on mobile virtual reality (VR) can improve the application scenarios and emergency service capabilities of traditional 3D visualization of disaster scenes. Because a smartphone needs to be placed into a mobile head‐mounted display, conventional touch scene interaction cannot be used by mobile VR, and the user's gaze usually serves as the default scene interaction method. However, the existing gaze‐based interaction methods for mobile VR scenes are passive scene interaction methods and cannot meet the basic interaction requirement for actively roaming through and exploring large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes. Therefore, this study focuses on gaze‐based mobile VR interactions to satisfy the various interaction requirements of large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes. First, a dynamic user interface (UI) generation method for gaze interaction in large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes is proposed to solve the problem of the active exploration of mobile VR disaster scenes. Second, disaster scene exploration and disaster information query methods based on a dynamic UI and gaze are proposed. Finally, using a flood disaster as an example, a prototype system and associated experiments are discussed. As indicated by the experimental results, the gaze‐based mobile VR interaction methods addressed in this study can effectively support users in actively roaming through and exploring large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes, disaster simulation analysis, and the interactive querying of disaster information within mobile VR, making the effective interaction of mobile VR disaster scenes possible.
Factors associated with HIV acquisition in the context of humanitarian crises: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Harsono Dini , Peterson Hanna , Nyhan Kate , Khoshnood Kaveh 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to describe the global evidence on factors associated with HIV acquisition among individuals affected by humanitarian crises.

Introduction:
Humanitarian crises are described as an event or series of events originating from natural causes or human intervention that represent a critical threat to the health, safety, security, and well-being of a community. Humanitarian crises have generated a continued rise in the number of displaced persons worldwide. This forcible displacement may increase the risk of acquiring HIV among the affected populations through poverty, food insecurity, social instability, and lack of access to health services during and after a crisis. Understanding factors that may contribute to HIV acquisition among these populations will allow stakeholders to better provide HIV prevention services and programs in humanitarian settings and to prioritize research efforts.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that investigate factors associated with HIV acquisition in populations affected by humanitarian crises caused by natural disasters and human-made complex emergencies. Studies of any design or methodology that contain empirical data will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:
The proposed review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, and gray literature will be systematically searched. Studies published in English from 1990 will be included. Titles and abstracts of identified citations will be screened independently and assessed for eligibility by two authors. Potentially relevant full-text studies and data will be extracted using a data extraction form. Data will be presented in tabular form, figures, and a narrative summary.
What are scoping reviews? Providing a formal definition of scoping reviews as a type of evidence synthesis
Authors: Munn Zachary , Pollock Danielle , Khalil Hanan , Alexander Lyndsay , Mclnerney Patricia , Godfrey Christina M. , Peters Micah , Tricco Andrea C. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Evidence synthesis encompasses a broad range of review types, and scoping reviews are an increasingly popular approach to synthesizing evidence in a number of fields. They sit alongside other evidence synthesis methodologies, such as systematic reviews, qualitative evidence synthesis, realist synthesis, and many more. Until now, scoping reviews have been variously defined in the literature. In this article, we provide the following formal definition for scoping reviews: Scoping reviews are a type of evidence synthesis that aims to systematically identify and map the breadth of evidence available on a particular topic, field, concept, or issue, often irrespective of source (ie, primary research, reviews, non-empirical evidence) within or across particular contexts. Scoping reviews can clarify key concepts/definitions in the literature and identify key characteristics or factors related to a concept, including those related to methodological research.
Terrestrial ejecta suborbital transport and the rotating frame transform
Authors: Harris* Thomas H.S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Suborbital analysis (SA) is presented here as the study of ballistics around a spherical planet. SA is the subset of orbital mechanics where the elliptic trajectory intersects Earth’s surface at launch point A and fall point B, known as the A-to-B suborbital problem, both launch and fall points being vector variables. Spreadsheet tools are offered for solution to this problem, based on the preferred simplified two-body model. Although simplistic in top-level description, this problem places essential reliance on reference frame transformations. Launch conditions in the local frame of point A and rotating with Earth require conversion to the nonrotating frame for correct trajectory definition, with the reverse process required for complete solution. This application of dynamics requires diligent accounting to avoid invalid results. Historic examples are provided that lack the requisite treatment, with the appropriate set of solution equations also included. Complementary spreadsheet tools SASolver and Helix solve the A-to-B problem for loft duration from minimum through 26 h. All provided spreadsheet workbook files contain the novel three-dimensional latitude and longitude plotter GlobePlot. A global ejecta pattern data set calculated using SASolver is presented. As visualized through GlobePlot, SASolver and Helix provide solutions to different forms of the A-to-B problem, in an effort to avoid errors similar to the historic misstep examples offered as a supplement. Operating guidelines and limitations of the tools are presented along with diagrams from each step. The goal is to enable mechanically valid interdisciplinary terrestrial ejecta research through novel perspective and quality graphical tools, so others may succeed where 1960s National Aeronautics and Space Administration researchers did not.
Using machine learning to identify quality-of-care predictors for emergency caesarean sections: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Andersen Betina Ristorp , Ammitzbøll Ida , Hinrich Jesper , Lehmann Sune , Ringsted Charlotte Vibeke , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Tolsgaard Martin G 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesEmergency caesarean sections (ECS) are time-sensitive procedures. Multiple factors may affect team efficiency but their relative importance remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the most important predictors contributing to quality of care during ECS in terms of the arrival-to-delivery interval.DesignA retrospective cohort study. ECS were classified by urgency using emergency categories one/two and three (delivery within 30 and 60 min). In total, 92 predictor variables were included in the analysis and grouped as follows: ‘Maternal objective’, ‘Maternal psychological’, ‘Fetal factors’, ‘ECS Indication’, ‘Emergency category’, ‘Type of anaesthesia’, ‘Team member qualifications and experience’ and ‘Procedural’. Data was analysed with a linear regression model using elastic net regularisation and jackknife technique to improve generalisability. The relative influence of the predictors, percentage significant predictor weight (PSPW) was calculated for each predictor to visualise the main determinants of arrival-to-delivery interval.Setting and participantsPatient records for mothers undergoing ECS between 2010 and 2017, Nordsjællands Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark.Primary outcome measuresArrival-to-delivery interval during ECS.ResultsData was obtained from 2409 patient records for women undergoing ECS. The group of predictors representing ‘Team member qualifications and experience’ was the most important predictor of arrival-to-delivery interval in all ECS emergency categories (PSPW 25.9% for ECS category one/two; PSPW 35.5% for ECS category three). In ECS category one/two the ‘Indication for ECS’ was the second most important predictor group (PSPW 24.9%). In ECS category three, the second most important predictor group was ‘Maternal objective predictors’ (PSPW 24.2%).ConclusionThis study provides empirical evidence for the importance of team member qualifications and experience relative to other predictors of arrival-to-delivery during ECS. Machine learning provides a promising method for expanding our current knowledge about the relative importance of different factors in predicting outcomes of complex obstetric events.
Occupational challenges of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Jeleff Maren , Traugott Marianna , Jirovsky-Platter Elena , Jordakieva Galateja , Kutalek Ruth 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo address structural determinants and healthcare workers’ (HCWs) physical, mental, emotional and professional challenges of working during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignExploratory qualitative study with semistructured interviews. Collected data were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingThis qualitative study was undertaken with HCWs who mainly worked in intensive care units in six non-profit hospitals in Vienna, Austria. Data were collected from June 2020 to January 2021.ParticipantsA total of 30 HCWs (13 medical doctors, 11 qualified nursing staff, 2 nurse assistants, 2 physiotherapists and 2 technical/cleaning staff) who were in direct and indirect contact with patients with COVID-19 were included.ResultsThree overall themes resulted as relevant: challenges due to lack of preparedness, structural conditions, and physical and mental health of HCWs. Lack of preparedness included delayed infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines, shortages of personal protective equipment combined with staff shortages (especially of nursing staff) and overworked personnel. Physical and mental strains resulted from HCWs being overworked and working permanently on alert to face medical uncertainties and the critical conditions of patients. HCWs lacked recognition on multiple levels and dealt with stigma and avoidance behaviour of colleagues.ConclusionTo mitigate HCWs’ occupational health risks and staff turnover, we propose context-specific recommendations. The number of available essential workers in care of patients with COVID-19, especially nursing staff, should be carefully planned and increased to avert chronic work overload. Timely training and education in IPC for all HCWs is important. Providing supportive supervision is as essential as appropriate recognition by higher level management and the public.
Excess morbidity and mortality among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: 25 years of follow-up from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) population-based matched cohort
Authors: Kane Eleanor , Kinsey Sally , Bonaventure Audrey , Johnston Tom , Simpson Jill , Howell Debra , Smith Alexandra , Roman Eve 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo examine morbidity and mortality among teenagers and young adults (TYAs) previously diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in childhood, and compare to the general TYA population.DesignNational population-based sex-matched and age-matched case-control study converted into a matched cohort, with follow-up linkage to administrative healthcare databases.SettingThe study population comprised all children (0–14 years) registered for primary care with the National Health Service (NHS) in England 1992–1996.Participants1082 5-year survivors of ALL diagnosed<15 years of age (1992–1996) and 2018 unaffected individuals; followed up to 15 March 2020.Main outcome measuresAssociations with hospital activity, cancer and mortality were assessed using incidence rate ratios (IRR) and differences.ResultsMortality in the 5-year ALL survivor cohort was 20 times higher than in the comparison cohort (rate ratio 21.3, 95% CI 11.2 to 45.6), and cancer incidence 10 times higher (IRR 9.9 95% CI 4.1 to 29.1). Hospital activity was increased for many clinical specialties, the strongest associations being for endocrinology; outpatient IRR 36.7, 95% CI 17.3 to 93.4 and inpatient 19.7, 95% CI 7.9 to 63.2 for males, and 11.0, 95% CI 6.2 to 21.1 and 6.2 95% CI 3.1 to 13.5, respectively, for females. Notable excesses were also evident for cardiology, neurology, ophthalmology, respiratory medicine and general medicine. Males were also more likely to attend gastroenterology; ear, nose and throat; urology; and dermatology, while females were more likely to be seen in plastic surgery and less likely in midwifery.ConclusionsAdding to excess risks of death and cancer, survivors of childhood ALL experience excess outpatient and inpatient activity across their TYA years, which is not related to routine follow-up monitoring. Involving most clinical specialties, associations are striking, showing no signs of diminishing over time. Recognising that all survivors are potentially at risk of late treatment-associated effects, our findings underscore the need to take prior ALL diagnosis into account when interpreting seemingly unrelated symptoms later in life.
Transitioning from paediatric to HIV adult care services for adolescents and young people living with HIV in the African region: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Nakasujja Noeline , Kinyanda Eugene 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe number of children living with HIV is increasing worldwide and is a major public health concern as they grow into adolescence and young adulthood with increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) especially in the African region. There is a pressing need to transfer them from paediatric to adult care which has implications for their well-being. The objective of this scoping review is to systematically review published and unpublished literature to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the transition of adolescents to adult HIV clinics in the African region.Methods and analysisFollowing the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Extension for Scoping Review) guidelines for conducting a scoping review, we will systematically search online bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. This will be supplemented by searches in grey literature databases. Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer to ensure accurate and reliable data collection. Both quantitative and qualitative results will be extracted from all included articles and synthesised in a narrative form in response to the review questions.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review does not require ethics approval as we will collect and review existing literature and materials. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and stakeholder meetings to support clinicians, health experts and policy makers develop guidelines and evidence-based transition protocols favourable for the populations in the African region to minimise challenges associated with the transition process.