bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Prior Intracerebral Hemorrhage With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Gaist David , Hald Stine Munk , García Rodríguez Luis Alberto , Clausen Anne , Möller Sören , Hallas Jesper , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePatients with stroke due to nontraumatic (spontaneous) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) often harbor vascular risk factors and comorbidities, but it is unclear which major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) occur more frequently among patients with a prior ICH than the general population.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of a MACE for patients with a prior ICH compared with the general population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study identified 8991 patients with a first ICH in the Danish Stroke Registry from January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2018, who were aged 45 years or older and survived more than 30 days after an ICH. Patients in this ICH cohort were matched 1:40 on age, sex, and ICH-onset date with a comparison cohort of 359 185 individuals from the general population without a prior ICH. Both cohorts were followed up for 6 months or more until December 31, 2018, for outcomes using registry data. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2021, to July 19, 2022.ExposuresIntracerebral hemorrhage identified by a nationwide clinical database.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were ICH, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and a composite of MACEs. For each outcome, a case-control study nested within the cohorts was also performed, adjusting for time-varying exposures and potential confounders. Crude absolute event rates per 100 person-years, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs and, in the nested case-control analyses, crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsThe ICH cohort (n = 8991; 4814 men [53.5%]; mean [SD] age, 70.7 [11.5] years) had higher event rates than the comparison cohort (n = 359 185; 192 256 men [53.5%]; mean [SD] age, 70.7 [11.5] years) for MACEs (4.16 [95% CI, 3.96-4.37] per 100 person-years vs 1.35 [95% CI, 1.33-1.36] per 100 person-years; aHR, 3.13 [95% CI, 2.97-3.30]), ischemic stroke (1.52 [95% CI, 1.40-1.65] per 100 person-years vs 0.56 [95% CI, 0.55-0.57] per 100 person-years; aHR, 2.64 [95% CI, 2.43-2.88]), and ICH (1.44 [95% CI, 1.32-1.56] per 100 person-years vs 0.06 [95% CI, 0.06-0.07] per 100 person-years; aHR, 23.49 [95% CI, 21.12-26.13]) but not myocardial infarction (0.52 [95% CI, 0.45-0.60] per 100 person-years vs 0.48 [95% CI, 0.47-0.49] per 100 person-years; aHR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.97-1.29]). Nested case-control analyses returned risk estimates of similar magnitude as the cohort analyses.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that Danish patients with a prior ICH had statistically significantly higher rates of MACEs than the general population, indicating a need for attention to optimal secondary prevention with blood pressure lowering and antithrombotic and statin therapies after an ICH in clinical research and practice.
Risk of Suicide After Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Alothman Danah , Card Timothy , Lewis Sarah , Tyrrell Edward , Fogarty Andrew W. , Marshall Charles R. 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePatients with dementia may be at an increased suicide risk. Identifying groups at greatest risk of suicide would support targeted risk reduction efforts by clinical dementia services.ObjectivesTo examine the association between a dementia diagnosis and suicide risk in the general population and to identify high-risk subgroups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a population-based case-control study in England conducted from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2019. Data were obtained from multiple linked electronic records from primary care, secondary care, and the Office for National Statistics. Included participants were all patients 15 years or older and registered in the Office for National Statistics in England with a death coded as suicide or open verdict from 2001 to 2019. Up to 40 live control participants per suicide case were randomly matched on primary care practice and suicide date.ExposuresPatients with codes referring to a dementia diagnosis were identified in primary care and secondary care databases.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOdds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for sex and age at suicide/index date.ResultsFrom the total sample of 594 674 patients, 580 159 (97.6%) were controls (median [IQR] age at death, 81.6[72.0-88.4] years; 289 769 male patients [50.0%]), and 14 515 (2.4%) died by suicide (median [IQR] age at death, 47.4 [36.0-59.7] years; 10 850 male patients [74.8%]). Among those who died by suicide, 95 patients (1.9%) had a recorded dementia diagnosis (median [IQR] age at death, 79.5 [67.1-85.5] years; median [IQR] duration of follow-up, 2.3 [1.0-4.4] years). There was no overall significant association between a dementia diagnosis and suicide risk (adjusted OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85-1.29). However, suicide risk was significantly increased in patients diagnosed with dementia before age 65 years (adjusted OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.84-4.33), in the first 3 months after diagnosis (adjusted OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.49-4.09), and in patients with dementia and psychiatric comorbidity (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.21-1.93). In patients younger than 65 years and within 3 months of diagnosis, suicide risk was 6.69 times (95% CI, 1.49-30.12) higher than in patients without dementia.Conclusions and RelevanceDiagnostic and management services for dementia, in both primary and secondary care settings, should target suicide risk assessment to the identified high-risk groups.
Reinforcement learning‐based optimized output feedback control of nonlinear strict‐feedback systems with event sampled states
Authors: Xin Chun , Li Yuan‐Xin 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis article focuses on the event‐triggered optimized output feedback control problem for nonlinear strict‐feedback systems. First, a fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Then, the fuzzy‐based reinforcement learning is performed under critic‐actor architecture to realize the optimized control. In addition, a novel event‐triggered mechanism is developed for the system states to greatly economize communication resources. By means of the Lyapunov stability theory, it can be proved that all signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded, and the Zeno behavior can be successfully avoided. Lastly, an inverted pendulum example is provided to confirm the effectiveness of the derived algorithm.
Adaptation‐Proof SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccine Design
Authors: Vishweshwaraiah Yashavantha L. , Hnath Brianna , Rackley Brendan , Wang Jian , Gontu Abhinay , Chandler Morgan , Afonin Kirill A. , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Christensen Neil , Yennawar Neela H. , Dokholyan Nikolay V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) surface spike glycoprotein—a major antibody target—is critical for virus entry via engagement of human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Despite successes with existing vaccines and therapies that primarily target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, the susceptibility of RBD to mutations provides escape routes for the SARS‐CoV‐2 from neutralizing antibodies. On the other hand, structural conservation in the spike protein can be targeted to reduce escape mutations and achieve broad protection. Here, candidate stable immunogens are designed that mimic surface features of selected conserved regions of spike protein through “epitope grafting,” in which the target epitope topology is presented on diverse heterologous scaffolds that can structurally accommodate the spike epitopes. Structural characterization of the epitope‐scaffolds showed stark agreement with computational models and target epitopes. The sera from mice immunized with engineered designs display epitope‐scaffolds and spike binding activity. The utility of the designed epitope‐scaffolds in diagnostic applications is also demonstrated. Taken all together, this study provides an important methodology for targeting the conserved, non‐RBD structural motifs of spike protein for SARS‐CoV‐2 epitope vaccine design and demonstrates the potential utility of “epitope grafting” in rational vaccine design.
Magnetic Properties of Layered Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Metal‐Halide Perovskites: Transition Metal, Organic Cation and Perovskite Phase Effects
Authors: Asensio Yaiza , Marras Sergio , Spirito Davide , Gobbi Marco , Ipatov Mihail , Casanova Fèlix , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio , Hueso Luis E. , Martín‐García Beatriz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the structural and magnetic properties in layered hybrid organic‐inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIPs) is key for their design and integration in spin‐electronic devices. Here, a systematic study is conducted on ten compounds to understand the effect of the transition metal (Cu2+, Mn2+, Co2+), organic spacer (alkyl‐ and aryl‐ammonium), and perovskite phase (Ruddlesden‐Popper and Dion‐Jacobson) on the properties of these materials. Temperature‐dependent Raman measurements show that the crystals’ structural phase transitions are triggered by the motional freedom of the organic cations as well as by the flexibility of the inorganic metal‐halide lattice. In the case of Cu2+ HOIPs, an increase of the in‐plane anisotropy and a reduction of the octahedra interlayer distance is found to change the behavior of the HOIP from that of a 2D ferromagnet to that of a quasi‐3D antiferromagnet. Mn2+ HOIPs show inherent antiferromagnetic octahedra intralayer interactions and a phenomenologically rich magnetism, presenting spin‐canting, spin‐flop transitions, and metamagnetism controlled by the crystal anisotropy. Co2+ crystals with non‐linked tetrahedra show a dominant paramagnetic behavior irrespective of the organic spacer and the perovskite phase. This study demonstrates that the chemical flexibility of HOIPs can be exploited to develop novel layered magnetic materials with tailored magnetic properties.
Cellulose‐Reinforced Programmable and Stretch‐Healable Actuators for Smart Packaging
Authors: Chen Qing , Sochor Benedikt , Chumakov Andrei , Betker Marie , Ulrich Nils M. , Toimil‐Molares Maria E. , Gordeyeva Korneliya , Söderberg L. Daniel , Roth Stephan V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiomimetic actuators are promising candidates for smart soft robotics. The applications of state‐of‐the‐art actuators require the combination of programmable stimuli‐responsiveness, excellent robustness, and efficient self‐healing ability in a wide‐range of working conditions. However, these properties may be mutually exclusive. Inspired by biological tissues, two kinds of polyelectrolytes including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) are exploited as the fillers of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for the fabrication of the CNF/PVA/PSS (CAS) film via the assembly of the physically‐crosslinked network through multiple H‐bonding and electrostatic interactions. Achieved by a casting‐evaporation strategy, internal stress is stored within the polymer matrix and transforms into reversible anisotropic bending deformations in response to a humidity gradient. The speed, direction, and pitch of the bending can be programmed by tailoring the internal stresses and geometry of the samples. Moreover, the H‐bonded network also contributes to the effective energy dissipation toward high toughness during tensile stretching, as well as self‐healing ability during moisture saturation of the CAS films. This enables the fabrication of a humidity‐sensitive flower‐shaped actuator and self‐healable packaging paper. This study presents a biomimetic strategy for the fabrication of multi‐functional soft robotics, which holds great promise for applications in the fields of biosensors and smart packaging.
Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Deterministic‐Contact‐Resistance Braided Structures with High Performance and Capability of Continuous Production
Authors: Li Juyao , Li Shuang , Su Yewang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOwing to their potential applicability in wearable devices and intelligent robots, stretchable strain sensors have been widely investigated. However, fabricating sensors with high sensitivity, wide sensing range, high repeatability, robustness, and capability for continuous production remains challenging. Herein, a deterministic‐contact‐resistance braided structure (DCRBS)‐based stretchable strain sensor is proposed. The polyester yarns in the sensor tightly trap the silver fibers with the latex thread substrate to form a periodic “Y” structure to avoid slippage of the fibers, thereby facilitating deterministic contact and separation between the silver fibers during cyclic stretching. Owing to this braided structure, the strain sensor exhibits high repeatability (repeatability error = 3.74%), high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 140), wide sensing range (50%), and high robustness (washability, insensitivity to micro‐defects). Additionally, the strain sensor can be continuously mass produced using mature raw materials and processing technology. Because of its demonstrated excellent performance, the strain sensor can find applications in human motion monitoring, rehabilitation medicine, and robotic control.
A Time‐Dependent Fluorescent Hydrogel for “Time‐Lock” Information Encryption
Authors: Wang Qian , Qi Zhen , Wang Qi‐Meng , Chen Meng , Lin Biyan , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformation encryption has become increasingly important in recent years; however, information encryption materials, especially those encrypting on a time scale, are still in fancy. Herein, a “time‐lock” information encryption material is developed based on a time‐dependent fluorescent hydrogel. The fluorescence color of this hydrogel can be regulated between green and yellow, with distinctive changes in intensity, on a time scale by controlling the concentration of urea/urease and HCl. By taking advantage of this feature, “time‐locked” information can be encoded. Such information self‐erases with time, and moreover, fake or even opposing information is generated during this process. The correct information can only be recognized at a specified time, i.e., using a “time‐key” to decrypt the information. This time‐dependent feature endows the material with a higher level of security and provides new insight for information encryption.
Tailored Organic Cathode Material with Multi‐Active Site and Compatible Groups for Stable Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Chen Lan , Cheng Linqi , Yu Jie , Chu Juan , Wang Heng‐guo , Cui Fengchao , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries have attracted widespread attention in view of their high safety, good mechanical strength, compromise ionic conductivity, and environmental friendliness. However, most organic electrode materials suffer from the undesirable interfacial compatibility, thus causing poor cycling stability. Herein, a quinone‐fused aza‐phenazine (THQAP) is reported with multi‐active site and compatible groups as the cathode material for constructing poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoro propylene) (PVDF‐HFP)‐based quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries. Benefitting from the high compatibility between cathode material (THQAP) and gel polymer electrolytes (PVDF‐HFP), the dissolution and shuttle reaction of THQAP with hydroxyl groups are suppressed compared with its counterparts (QAP) without hydroxyl groups. As a result, THQAP in quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries not only delivers excellent reversible capacity of 240 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, but also exhibits stable cyclability with capacity retention of 78% (160 mAh g−1) after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1. This study offers a promising strategy to develop quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries with higher capacity and cycling stability.
Acellularized Uvea Hydrogel as Novel Injectable Platform for Cell‐Based Delivering Treatment of Retinal Degeneration and Optimizing Retinal Organoids Inducible System
Authors: Li Guilan , Liu Sheng , Chen Wenfei , Jiang Zhijian , Luo Yuanting , Wang Dongliang , Zheng Yingfeng , Liu Yizhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReplenishing the retina with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has great promise for treating retinal degenerative diseases, but it is limited by poor cell survival and integration in vivo. Herein, porcine acellular sclera and uvea extracellular matrix (ECM) and their counterpart hydrogels are developed, and their effects on the biological behavior of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived RPE cells (hiPSC‐RPE) and embryoid body (hiPSC‐EB) differentiation are investigated. Both acellular ECM hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility and suitable biodegradability without evoking an obvious immune response. Most importantly, the decellularized uvea hydrogel‐delivered cells’ injection remarkably promotes the hiPSC‐RPE cells’ survival and integration in the subretinal space, rescues the photoreceptor cells’ death and retinal gliosis, and restores vision in rats with retinal degeneration for a long duration. In addition, medium supplementation with decellularized uvea peptides promotes hiPSC‐EBs onset morphogenesis and neural/retinal differentiation, forming layered retinal organoids. This study demonstrates that ECM hydrogel‐delivered hiPSC‐RPE cells’ injection may be a useful approach for treating retinal degeneration disease, combined with an optimized retinal seeding cells’ induction program, which has potential for clinical application.
Beyond Human Touch Perception: An Adaptive Robotic Skin Based on Gallium Microgranules for Pressure Sensory Augmentation
Authors: Lee Simok , Byun Sang‐Hyuk , Kim Choong Yeon , Cho Sungwoo , Park Steve , Sim Joo Yong , Jeong Jae‐Woong 
Published: October 2022

Robotic skin with human‐skin‐like sensing ability holds immense potential in various fields such as robotics, prosthetics, healthcare, and industries. To catch up with human skin, numerous studies are underway on pressure sensors integrated on robotic skin to improve the sensitivity and detection range. However, due to the trade‐off between them, existing pressure sensors have achieved only a single aspect, either high sensitivity or wide bandwidth. Here, an adaptive robotic skin is proposed that has both high sensitivity and broad bandwidth with an augmented pressure sensing ability beyond the human skin. A key for the adaptive robotic skin is a tunable pressure sensor built with uniform gallium microgranules embedded in an elastomer, which provides large tuning of the sensitivity and the bandwidth, excellent sensor‐to‐sensor uniformity, and high reliability. Through the mode conversion based on the solid–liquid phase transition of gallium microgranules, the sensor provides 97% higher sensitivity (16.97 kPa−1) in the soft mode and 262.5% wider bandwidth (≈1.45 MPa) in the rigid mode compared to the human skin. Successful demonstration of the adaptive robotic skin verifies its capabilities in sensing a wide spectrum of pressures ranging from subtle blood pulsation to body weight, suggesting broad use for various applications.
Self‐Powered, Implantable, and Wirelessly Controlled NO Generation System for Intracranial Neuroglioma Therapy
Authors: Yao Shuncheng , Zheng Minjia , Wang Zhuo , Zhao Yunchao , Wang Shaobo , Liu Zhirong , Li Zhou , Guan Yunqian , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Linlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGas therapy is an emerging technology for improving cancer therapy with high efficiency and low side effects. However, due to the existence of the gatekeeper of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the limited availability of current drug delivery systems, there still have been no reports on gas therapy for intracranial neuroglioma. Herein, an integrated, self‐powered, and wirelessly controlled gas‐therapy system is reported, which is composed of a self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an implantable nitric oxide (NO) releasing device for intracranial neuroglioma therapy. In the system, the patient self‐driven TENG converts the mechanical energy of body movements into electricity as a sustainable and self‐controlled power source. When delivering energy to light a light‐emitting diode in the implantable NO releasing device via wireless control, the encapsulated NO donor s‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) can generate NO gas to locally kill the glioma cells. The efficacy of the proof‐of‐concept system in subcutaneous 4T1 breast cancer model in mice and intracranial glioblastoma multiforme in rats is verified. This self‐powered gas‐therapy system has great potential to be an effective adjuvant treatment modality to inhibit tumor growth, relapse, and invasion via teletherapy.
Vacancy Defects in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Electrocatalysts: From Aggregated to Atomic Configuration
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Jing , Zhang Yuwei , Sun Yu , Ma Kaikai , Xie Yong , Zheng Wenhao , Tian Zhen , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVacancy defect engineering has been well leveraged to flexibly shape comprehensive physicochemical properties of diverse catalysts. In particular, growing research effort has been devoted to engineering chalcogen anionic vacancies (S/Se/Te) of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) toward the ultimate performance limit of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In spite of remarkable progress achieved in the past decade, systematic and in‐depth insights into the state‐of‐the‐art vacancy engineering for 2D‐TMDs‐based electrocatalysis are still lacking. Herein, this review delivers a full picture of vacancy engineering evolving from aggregated to atomic configurations covering their development background, controllable manufacturing, thorough characterization, and representative HER application. Of particular interest, the deep‐seated correlations between specific vacancy regulation routes and resulting catalytic performance improvement are logically clarified in terms of atomic rearrangement, charge redistribution, energy band variation, intermediate adsorption–desorption optimization, and charge/mass transfer facilitation. Beyond that, a broader vision is cast into the cutting‐edge research fields of vacancy‐engineering‐based single‐atom catalysis and dynamic structure–performance correlations across catalyst service lifetime. Together with critical discussion on residual challenges and future prospects, this review sheds new light on the rational design of advanced defect catalysts and navigates their broader application in high‐efficiency energy conversion and storage fields.
Azaquinoid‐Based High Spin Open‐Shell Conjugated Polymer for n‐Type Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Yunseul , Yang Dongseong , Kim Yeon‐Ju , Jung Eunhwan , Park Jong‐Jin , Choi Yeonsu , Kim Younghyo , Mathur Sanjay , Kim Dong‐Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn open‐shell quinoidal conjugated polymer exhibiting n‐type semiconducting behavior is successfully synthesized and characterized. An electron‐deficient azaaromatic unit is proven to reduce the energy levels of frontier orbitals via the electronegative nitrogen atom and steric hindrance within the polymer backbone. A synthesized azaquinoidal bithiophene (azaQuBT) is a quinoidal bithiophene that is end‐functionalized with a pyridine ring. The open‐shell quinodial conjugated polymer, poly(azaquinoidal bithiophene‐thiophene), PazaQuBT‐T, is synthesized using azaQuBT and thiophene. The extended quinoidal building block, which has an open‐shell diradical character, induces low bandgaps, redox amphoterism, and high‐spin‐induced paramagnetic behavior of the resulting polymer. PazaQuBT‐T achieves ambipolar charge‐transport behavior in organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) devices. Through a PEIE treatment onto the contact electrode, PazaQuBT‐based OFETs exhibit unipolar n‐channel operation with electron mobility up to 0.98 cm2 V−1 s−1. This work demonstrates the development of novel open‐shell conjugated polymers with high‐spin characteristics and n‐type semiconducting property.