bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China
Authors: Hao Ming , Fang Yifei , Yan Wenjing , Gu Junwang , Hao Yanbin , Wu Chunmei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith an increasing incidence of obesity, the relationship between obesity and body image has become a hot research topic worldwide. From high school to university, young people experience changes in their social environment. University students have a high incidence of eating disorders and insufficient physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China.MethodsIn total, 1296 university students aged 18–23 years were recruited for this study. The participants completed anthropometric measurements, the Physical Activity Rating scale-3 (PARS-3), and the Chinese-Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (C-DEBQ). The ideal weight and silhouette were reported by university students using a questionnaire.ResultsCompared with men, young women had a higher level of body dissatisfaction. For men, body mass index (BMI; β = 0.76,P <  0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11,P <  0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.10,P <  0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction. For women, BMI (β = 0.57,P <  0.01), muscle mass (β = 0.12,P <  0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11,P <  0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.09,P <  0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction.ConclusionsUniversity students with high body dissatisfaction had lower physical activity scores and higher restrained eating scores. The data presented here highlight the impact of university students’ body dissatisfaction on physical activity deficiency and disordered eating behaviors in China.
Starting HMV at home: a reasonable option for many patients?
Authors: van den Biggelaar Ries J.M. , Hazenberg A. , Cobben N. A.M. , Gaytant M. A. , Gommers D. A.M.P.J. , Wijkstra P. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and objective
In the current study, we undertook a more detailed exploration of the reasons why patients undergoing HMV were screened out of a recently published study in order to better understand how applicable home initiation of HMV is under real life conditions.

Methods
All referred patients who had an indication for starting HMV were screened to participate in the Homerun study. In this trial 512 patients were screened out of the study. Those patients not enrolled in the trial were divided into the following 3 groups: (1) those not fulfilling the inclusion criteria; 2) those meeting the exclusion criteria and 3) those excluded on the basis of medical or organisation reasons. Each group was then further divided into those who would likely have been suitable for initiation of HMV at home in real world practice and those who were unsuitable.

Results
Based on inclusion criteria (group 1) 116 patients could not start HMV in real life, while this was 245 patients in the study. Based on the exclusion criteria (group 2) 11 patients could not start in real life while this was 79 in the study. One hundred and eighty-eight could not be enrolled in the study due to medical and organisational reasons ( group 3), while in real life this was only 95.

Conclusion
This study indicates that more than 55% of patients who did not participate in the Homerun study could have started HMV at home in real life.
Formulation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial activity against Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Nemattalab Mehran , Rohani Masoumeh , Evazalipour Mehdi , Hesari Zahra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToday, the increment in microbial resistance has guided the researches focus into new antimicrobial compounds or transmission systems. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an opportunistic pathogen, producing a biofilm responsible for a wide range of nosocomial infections which are often difficult to eradicate with available antibiotics. On the other hand, Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon oil) (CO) is widely used as a natural antibacterial agent and Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are promising carriers for antibacterial compounds due to their lipophilic nature and ease of transmission through the bacterial cell wall. In this study, nanoparticles containing cinnamon oil (CO-SLN) were prepared by dual emulsion method and evaluated in terms of particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency (EE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), oil release kinetics, and cell compatibility. The antibacterial activity of CO-SLN and CO against 10 drug-resistant E. coli strains was investigated. The anti-biofilm activity of CO-SLN on the selected pathogen was also investigated. Nanoparticles with an average size of 337.6 nm, and zeta potential of -26.6 mV were fabricated and their round shape was confirmed by TEM images. The antibacterial effects of CO-SLN and CO were reported with MIC Value of 60–75 µg/mL and 155–165 µg/mL and MBC value of 220–235 µg/ml and 540–560 µg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, CO-SLN with 1/2 MIC concentration had the greatest inhibition of biofilm formation in 24 h of incubation (55.25%). The data presented indicate that the MIC of CO-SLN has significantly reduced and it seems that SLN has facilitated and promoted CO transmission through the cell membrane.
A scoping review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on the psychological wellbeing of medical students
Authors: Vythilingam Divya I. , Prakash Amog , Nourianpour Milad , Atiomo William U. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The goal of this study was to identify the nature and extent of the available published research on the impact of social isolation, on the psychological wellbeing of medical students, who had to quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Design. Scoping review. Search strategy. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews), guideline, was used to structure this study. A search strategy was carried out across six bibliographic databases. PubMed, Embase, ERIC, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science. The following search terms were used, “medical student*” AND “impact” AND “quarantine” AND “COVID-19”. Searches were initially confined to articles published (excluding conference abstracts) between 1 January 2019- 21 August 2021 but updated in September 2022 with the original search terms expanded to include “isolation” or “lockdown” as well as “quarantine” and the period of search extended to 21 August 2022. A search of secondary references was conducted. Data from the selected studies were extracted, and the following variables recorded; first author and year of publication, country of study, study design, sample size, participants, mode of analysing impact of quarantine from COVID-19 on mental health and results of the studies.

Results
A total of 223 articles were identified in the original search in 2021 and 387 articles, in the updated search in 2022. Following the exclusion of duplicates and application of the agreed inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 full-text articles were identified for the final review, most of which were cross sectional studies. Sample sizes ranged from 13 to 4193 students and most studies used a variety of self-administered questionnaires to measure psychological wellbeing. Overall, 26 of the 31 articles showed that quarantine had a negative impact on the psychological well-being of medical students. However, two studies showed no impact, and three studies showed an improvement.

Conclusion
The evidence is growing. Quarantine because of the COVID-19 pandemic may have had a negative impact on the psychological wellbeing of medical students, but this is not certain. There is therefore a need for more studies to further evaluate this research question.
Feasibility and acceptability of e-learning to upskill diabetes educators in supporting people experiencing diabetes distress: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Halliday Jennifer A. , Russell-Green Sienna , Hagger Virginia , O Eric , Morris Ann , Sturt Jackie , Speight Jane , Hendrieckx Christel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes distress is a commonly experienced negative emotional response to the ongoing burden of diabetes. Holistic diabetes care, including attention to diabetes distress, is recommended in clinical guidelines, yet not routinely implemented. Diabetes health professionals have highlighted lack of training as a barrier to implementation of psychological care. Therefore, we developed an e-learning: ‘Diabetes distress e-learning: A course for diabetes educators’ to address this need. This pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility of evaluating the e-learning in a randomised controlled trial study, the acceptability of the e-learning to credentialled diabetes educators (CDEs); and preliminary evidence of its effect upon CDEs’ diabetes distress-related knowledge, motivation, confidence, behavioural skills, and barriers to implementation.MethodsA pilot, unblinded, 2-armed, parallel group randomised controlled trial. Participants were recruited during a 4-month timeframe. Eligible participants were CDEs for ≥ 1 year providing care to ≥ 10 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes per week. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1 computer automated) to 1 of 2 learning activities: diabetes distress e-learning (intervention) or diabetes distress chapter (active control). They had 4 weeks to access the activity. They completed online surveys at baseline, 2-week and 12-week follow-up.ResultsSeventy-four eligible CDEs (36 intervention, 38 active control) participated. At baseline, recognition of the clinical importance of diabetes distress was high but knowledge and confidence to provide support were low-to-moderate. Engagement with learning activities was high (intervention: 83%; active control: 92%). Fifty-five percent returned at least 1 follow-up survey. All 30 intervention participants who returned the 2-week follow-up survey deemed the e-learning high quality and relevant. Systemic barriers (e.g., financial limitations and access to mental health professionals) to supporting people with diabetes distress were common at baseline and follow-up. ConclusionsThe e-learning was acceptable to CDEs. The study design was feasible but needs modification to improve follow-up survey return. The e-learning showed potential for improving diabetes distress-related knowledge, confidence and asking behaviours, but systemic barriers to implementation remained. Systemic barriers need to be addressed to facilitate implementation of support for diabetes distress in clinical practice. Future larger-scale evaluation of the e-learning is warranted.
Pride and adversity among nurses and physicians during the pandemic in two US healthcare systems: a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Burstyn Igor , Holt Karyn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Our aims were to examine themes of the most difficult or distressing events reported by healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in two US health care systems in order to identify common themes and then to relate them to both behavioral theory and measures of anxiety and depression.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of nurses and physicians during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. An emailed recruitment letter was sent, with about half choosing to supply open-ended responses relevant to thematic analysis. We measured symptoms of anxiety and depression separately, captured demographics, and asked two open-ended questions regarding events that were the most difficult or stressful, and reinforced pride. We reported descriptive statistics and coded thematic categories for their continuum “pride” and “distress” the factors related to fostering well-being according to the Self-Determination Theory.

Results
Themes that emerged from these narratives were congruent with prediction of Self-Determination theory that autonomy-supportive experiences will foster pride, while autonomy-thwarting experiences will cause distress. Those who reported distressful events were more anxious and depressed compared to those who did not. Among those who reported incidences that reinforced pride in the profession, depression was rarer compared to those who did not. These trends were evident after allowing for medical history and other covariates in logistic regressions.

Conclusion
Causal claims from our analysis should be made with caution due to the cross-sectional research design. Understanding perceptions of the pandemic by nurses and physicians may help identify and manage sources of distress, and suggest means of mitigating the risk of mental health distress through autonomy-supportive policies.
An integrated in silico-in vitro approach for identifying therapeutic targets against osteoarthritis
Authors: Lesage Raphaëlle , Ferrao Blanco Mauricio N. , Narcisi Roberto , Welting Tim , van Osch Gerjo J. V. M. , Geris Liesbet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Without the availability of disease-modifying drugs, there is an unmet therapeutic need for osteoarthritic patients. During osteoarthritis, the homeostasis of articular chondrocytes is dysregulated and a phenotypical transition called hypertrophy occurs, leading to cartilage degeneration. Targeting this phenotypic transition has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. Chondrocyte phenotype maintenance and switch are controlled by an intricate network of intracellular factors, each influenced by a myriad of feedback mechanisms, making it challenging to intuitively predict treatment outcomes, while in silico modeling can help unravel that complexity. In this study, we aim to develop a virtual articular chondrocyte to guide experiments in order to rationalize the identification of potential drug targets via screening of combination therapies through computational modeling and simulations.

Results
We developed a signal transduction network model using knowledge-based and data-driven (machine learning) modeling technologies. The in silico high-throughput screening of (pairwise) perturbations operated with that network model highlighted conditions potentially affecting the hypertrophic switch. A selection of promising combinations was further tested in a murine cell line and primary human chondrocytes, which notably highlighted a previously unreported synergistic effect between the protein kinase A and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.

Conclusions
Here, we provide a virtual articular chondrocyte in the form of a signal transduction interactive knowledge base and of an executable computational model. Our in silico-in vitro strategy opens new routes for developing osteoarthritis targeting therapies by refining the early stages of drug target discovery.

Graphical Abstract
Molecular, cellular and neurological consequences of infection by the neglected human pathogen Nocardia
Authors: Ji Xingzhao , Han Lichao , Zhang Weiying , Sun Lina , Xu Shuai , Qiu Xiaotong , Fan Shihong , Li Zhenjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Nocardia is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects the lungs and brains of immunocompromised patients with consequences that can be fatal. The incidence of such infections is rising, immunocompetent individuals are also being infected, and there is a need to learn more about this neglected bacterial pathogen and the interaction with its human host.

Results
We have applied dual RNA-seq to assess the global transcriptome changes that occur simultaneously in Nocardia farcinica (N. farcinica) and infected human epithelial alveolar host cells, and have tested a series of mutants in this in vitro system to identify candidate determinants of virulence. Using a mouse model, we revealed the profiles of inflammation-related factors in the lung after intranasal infection and confirmed that nbtB and nbtS are key virulence genes for Nocardia infection in vivo. Regarding the host response to infection, we found that the expression of many histones was dysregulated during the infection of lung cells, indicating that epigenetic modification might play a crucial role in the host during Nocardia infection. In our mouse model, Nocardia infection led to neurological symptoms and we found that 15 of 22 Nocardia clinical strains tested could cause obvious PD-like symptoms. Further experiments indicated that Nocardia infection could activate microglia and drive M1 microglial polarization, promote iNOS and CXCL-10 production, and cause neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra, all of which may be involved in causing PD-like symptoms. Importantly, the deletion of nbtS in N. farcinica completely attenuated the neurological symptoms.

Conclusions
Our data contribute to an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of both the host and Nocardia during infection and provide valuable clues for future studies of this neglected human pathogen, especially those addressing the underlying causes of infection-related neurological symptoms.
Molecular testing to deliver personalized chemotherapy recommendations: risking over and undertreatment
Authors: Olivier Timothée , Prasad Vinay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In the adjuvant setting of cancer treatment, de-escalation strategies have the goal of omitting or minimizing treatment in patients, without compromising outcomes. Historically, eligibility for adjuvant treatment solely relied on the patient’s clinical and tumor’s pathological characteristics. At the turn of the century, based on new biological understanding, molecular-based strategies were tested and sometimes implemented.

Main body
However, we illustrate how molecularly based de-escalation strategies may paradoxically lead to overtreatment. This may happen when the novel approach is tested in lieu of standard management and may not yield the same results when being implemented in addition to usual practice. In the DYNAMIC trial, adjuvant chemotherapy decision in stage II colon cancer was compared between a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based approach and the standard care. We show this may result in more patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and may expose a similar proportion of patients to chemotherapy if the novel strategy is implemented in addition to usual practice. The other potential risk is undertreatment. We provide an illustration of early breast cancer, where the decision of adjuvant chemotherapy based on the gene expression signature MammaPrint may lead to inferior outcomes as compared with the clinico-pathologic strategy. This may also happen when non-inferiority designs have large margins. Among solutions, it should be acknowledged that clinico-pathological features, like T4 in colon cancer, may not be abandoned and replaced by novel strategies in real-life practice. Therefore, novel strategies should be tested in addition to standard of care, and not in lieu of. Second, de-escalation trials should focus on the settings where the standard of care has a widespread agreement. This would avoid the risk of testing non-inferiority against an ineffective therapy, which guarantees successes without providing informative data.

Conclusion
Simply because a molecular test is rational does not mean it can improve patient outcomes. Here, we highlight how molecular test-based strategies may result in either overtreatment or undertreatment. In the rapidly evolving field of medicine, where technological advances may be transformative, our piece highlights scientific pitfalls to be aware of when considering running such trials or before implementing novel strategies in daily practice.
The transfer of maternal antibodies and dynamics of maternal and natural infection-induced antibodies against coxsackievirus A16 in Chinese children 0–13 years of age: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhou Jiaxin , Zhou Yonghong , Luo Kaiwei , Liao Qiaohong , Zheng Wen , Gong Hui , Shi Huilin , Zhao Shanlu , Wang Kai , Qiu Qi , Dai Bingbing , Ren Lingshuang , Wang Lili , Gao Lidong , Xu Meng , Liu Nuolan , Lu Wanying , Zheng Nan , Chen Xinhua , Chen Zhiyuan , Yang Juan , Cauchemez Simon , Yu Hongjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundA major hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) pathogen, coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), has predominated in several of the last 10 years and caused the largest number of HFMD outbreaks between 2011 and 2018 in China. We evaluated the efficacy of maternal anti-CVA16 antibody transfer via the placenta and explored the dynamics of maternal and natural infection-induced neutralizing antibodies in children.MethodsTwo population-based longitudinal cohorts in southern China were studied during 2013–2018. Participants were enrolled in autumn 2013, including 2475 children aged 1–9 years old and 1066 mother-neonate pairs, and followed for 3 years. Blood/cord samples were collected for CVA16-neutralizing antibody detection. The maternal antibody transfer efficacy, age-specific seroprevalence, geometric mean titre (GMT) and immune response kinetics were estimated.ResultsThe average maternal antibody transfer ratio was 0.88 (95% CI 0.80–0.96). Transferred maternal antibody levels declined rapidly (half-life: 2.0 months, 95% CI 1.9–2.2 months). The GMT decayed below the positive threshold (8) by 1.5 months of age. Due to natural infections, it increased above 8 after 1.4 years and reached 32 by 5 years of age, thereafter dropping slightly. Although the average duration of maternal antibody-mediated protection was < 3 months, the duration extended to 6 months on average for mothers with titres ≥ 64.ConclusionsAnti-CVA16 maternal antibodies are efficiently transferred to neonates, but their levels decline quickly. Children aged 0–5 years are the main susceptible population and should be protected by CVA16 vaccination, with the optimal vaccination time between 1.5 months and 1 year of age.