bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of WSR-88D Intra-Volume Low-Level Scans on Severe Weather Warning Performance
Authors: Cho John Y. N. , Kurdzo James M. , Bennett Betty J. , Weber Mark E. , Dellicarpini Joseph W. , Loconto Andrew , Frank Hayden 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The statistical relationship between supplemental adaptive intra-volume low-level scan (SAILS) usage on the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler and National Weather Service severe storm warning performance during 2014–20 is analyzed. Results show statistically significant improvement in severe thunderstorm (SVR), flash flood (FF), and tornado (TOR) warning performance associated with SAILS-on versus SAILS-off. Within the three possible SAILS modes of one (SAILSx1), two (SAILSx2), and three (SAILSx3) additional base scans per volume, for SVR, SAILSx2 and SAILSx3 are associated with better warning performance compared to SAILSx1; for FF and TOR, SAILSx3 is associated with better warning performance relative to SAILSx1 and SAILSx2. Two severe storm cases (one that spawned a tornado, one that did not) are presented where SAILS usage helped forecasters make the correct TOR warning decision, lending real-life credence to the statistical results. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of automated volume scan evaluation and termination effects, parsed by SAILS usage and mode, yield a statistically significant association between volume scan update rate and SVR warning lead time.
Risk Factors for Urgent or Emergent Cholecystectomy Mid-workup for Symptomatic Cholelithiasis
Authors: Dishman Sydney E. , Gunasingha Rathnayaka M.K.D. , Hennrikus William P. , Strahan Brittany H. , Bartel Megan C. , Gosztyla Carolyn E. , Bradley Matthew J. 
Published: April 2022

Background Patients who undergo cholecystectomy often do so for diagnoses related to the sequelae of gallstones. Many patients present acutely, requiring urgent removal due to complications of cholelithiasis. This study aims to characterize the patient population likely to present acutely during ongoing workup for cholelithiasis to better identify those who may benefit from expedited care. Methods Medical records of all adult patients who underwent cholecystectomy for indications related to cholelithiasis between 2015 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi square test and quantitative data was analyzed using independent t-tests. Results One hundred and seventy-four cholecystectomies were performed. Overall, 74.2% of the procedures were done electively while 25.8% were done urgently. And 42.2% of patients who underwent acute surgical intervention had evidence of prior workup. Patients requiring urgent intervention during ongoing diagnostic evaluation were more likely to have initially presented to an emergency department (ED) than another provider (68.4% vs 31.3%, P < .001) and had an odds ratio of 4.7 for undergoing acute intervention if they initially presented to the ED. They also tended to be more temporally remote from their initial diagnosis (119 ± 142 vs 74.6 ± 68.2 days, P < .19) relative to those who underwent elective operations. Discussion Patients who require urgent intervention during ongoing workup for cholelithiasis have prolonged courses of care and present to the ED more often for initial evaluation when compared to those who undergo elective intervention. These findings suggest that an emphasis on expedited workup of cholelithiasis and early surgical referral may be warranted, especially for those who initially present in the ED.
Socio-Economic and Cultural Context in the Development of Early Mathematical Competencies: A Comparative Study of Specific Educational Contexts in Chile and Spain
Authors: Aragón Estíbaliz , Cerda Gamal , Pérez Carlos , Aguilar Manuel , Navarro José I. 
Published: April 2022

This research presents the findings of a comparative study of mathematical competence among 130 students ( M = 54.08 months; SD = 2.57) from vulnerable school contexts in Chile and the Spanish public school system. The study analyses a set of general and specific domain precursors for which evidence of socioeconomic background exists. Using multivariate regression and discriminant analysis techniques, we calculated similarities and differences between groups by comparing these precursors. Significant differences were found between the Spanish and Chilean groups ( p < .05); however, no differences were observed in non-symbolic comparison and receptive vocabulary. Possible reasons for the existence and extent of these differences are discussed in terms of socio-cultural and educational contexts.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Face-Mask Use Amid the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic Among Public Transport Drivers in Gondar Town, A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yimenu Dawit Kumilachew , Jejaw Asfaw , Haylu Ehit , Kassahun Semira , Kifle Zemene Demelash 
Published: April 2022

Background. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly communicable virus that continues to interrupt livelihoods, predominantly those of low-income segments of society. For the prevention of respiratory infections like the current COVID-19 outbreak, face masks are considered an effective approach. Objective. This study intended to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of public transport drivers towards face mask use amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 public transport drivers in Gondar town from July to September 2021. The study subjects were recruited using a simple random sampling technique after proportionally allocating the sample size from the total number of public transport drivers, and finally, study subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method to select the participant drivers working in Gondar Town. The data were collected by face-to-face interview administered questioners and an on-the-spot observational checklist. Results. A total of 412 public transport drivers have participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 32.75 years (±8.75 years). The majority of the participants were Bajaj drivers 193 (46.84%). Among the responders, 114 (27.67%) of them use radio to gather information about the pandemic and 50 (12.14%) of them had reported being caught by COVID-19. Meanwhile, only 32 (7.77%) were vaccinated against COVID-19. Drivers that had a diploma level of education were found to be 87.7% less knowledgeable than degree holders (AOR .123, 95% CI = .026, .573). Respondents that had good knowledge about COVID-19 and face masks were found to have 1.7 times more positive attitudes than those that had poor knowledge (AOR = 1.728, 95% CI = 1.150, 2.596). drivers whose family members have ever been caught by COVID-19 were found 2 times more likely to use face masks whenever they are working/driving (AOR = 2.173, 95% CI = 1.015, 4.652) than their counterparts. Conclusion. This study revealed a very low Knowledge, attitude, and practice of face mask use among public transport drivers in Gondar town. Periodic reinforcement and training programs are needed for all public transport drivers in each level for proper understanding and adherence to COVID-19 prevention protocols and the use of face masks.
Enduring COVID-19 lockdowns: Risk versus resilience in parents’ health and family functioning across the pandemic
Authors: Overall Nickola C. , Low Rachel S. T. , Chang Valerie T. , Henderson Annette M. E. , McRae Caitlin S. , Pietromonaco Paula R. 
Published: April 2022

Have the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic risked declines in parents’ health and family functioning, or have most parents been resilient and shown no changes in health and family functioning? Assessing average risk versus resilience requires examining how families have fared across the pandemic, beyond the initial months examined in prior investigations. The current research examines changes in parents’ health and functioning over the first 1.5 years of the pandemic. Parents ( N = 272) who had completed general pre-pandemic assessments completed reassessments of psychological/physical health, couple/family functioning, and parenting within two mandatory lockdowns in New Zealand: at the beginning of the pandemic (26 March–28 April 2020) and 17 months later (18 August–21 September 2021). Parents exhibited average declines in psychological/physical health (greater depressive symptoms; reduced well-being, energy and physical health) and in couple/family functioning (reduced commitment and family cohesion; greater problem severity and family chaos). By contrast, there were no average differences in parent-child relationship quality and parenting practices across lockdowns. Declines in health and couple/family functioning occurred irrespective of pre-pandemic health and functioning, but partner support buffered declines in couple/family functioning. The results emphasize that attending to the challenges parents and couples face in the home will be important to mitigate and recover from the impact of the pandemic on parents’ and children’s well-being.
Clinical application value of echocardiography in evaluating left ventricular diastolic function in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Qin Shiyang , Liu Huiling , Cao Xuesong , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2022

Objective To explore the clinical value of echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Methods APE patients in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the observation group. They were divided into low-risk group (19 cases), medium-risk group (16 cases) and high-risk group (15 cases). The non-APE people in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. All subjects underwent echocardiography to observe the performance of APE patients under echocardiography. The peak velocity ratio S-wave/D-wave (S/D), early diastolic annular velocity/advanced diastolic annular velocity (Ea/Aa), early filling/early diastolic annular velocity (E/Ea), and early filling/early diastolic annular velocity (E/Ea) were compared with Ar and Vp, respectively; receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of echocardiography in evaluating left ventricular diastolic function in patients with APE. Results Echocardiography show different manifestations of APE patients. Compared with the control group, S/D, Ea/Aa, and Vp in the observation group were significantly decreased and E/Ea and Ar in the observation group were significantly increased ( p < 0.05). With the increase of risk stratification, S/D, Ea/Aa, and Vp gradually decreased, E/Ea and Ar gradually increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under curve (AUC), and 95% CI were 89.52%, 65.57%, 72.86%, 80.82%, 75.38%, 0.730, and 0.629–0.831, respectively. Conclusion Echocardiography can effectively evaluate left ventricular diastolic function in patients with APE, and there are significant differences in left ventricular diastolic function in different risk stratification, which has important reference value for clinical diagnosis and treatment of APE.
Regulation of clock and clock-controlled genes during morphine reward and reinforcement: Involvement of the period 2 circadian clock
Authors: Custodio Raly James Perez , Kim Mikyung , Sayson Leandro Val , Ortiz Darlene Mae , Buctot Danilo , Lee Hyun Jun , Cheong Jae Hoon , Kim Hee Jin 
Published: April 2022

Background: Morphine abuse is a devastating disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, and literature evidence indicates a relationship between opioid abuse and the circadian clock. Aim: We explored morphine reward and reinforcement using mouse models with Per2 gene modifications (knockout (KO); overexpression (OE)). Methods: Mice were exposed to various behavioral, electroencephalographic, pharmacological, and molecular tests to assess the effects of morphine and identify the underlying mechanisms with a focus on reward and reinforcement and the corresponding involvement of circadian and clock-controlled gene regulation. Results: Per2 deletion enhances morphine-induced analgesia, locomotor sensitization, conditioned place preference (CPP), and self-administration (SA) in mice, whereas its overexpression attenuated these effects. In addition, reduced withdrawal was observed in Per2 KO mice, whereas an augmented withdrawal response was observed in Per2 OE mice. Moreover, naloxone and SCH 23390 blocked morphine CPP in Per2 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. The rewarding (CPP) and reinforcing effects (SA) observed in morphine-conditioned and morphine self-administered Per2 KO and WT mice were accompanied by activated μ-opioid and dopamine D1 receptors and TH in the mesolimbic (VTA/NAcc) system. Furthermore, genetic modifications of Per2 in mice innately altered some clock genes in response to morphine. Conclusion: These findings improve our understanding of the role of Per2 in morphine-induced psychoactive effects. Our data and those obtained in previous studies indicate that targeting Per2 may have applicability in the treatment of substance abuse.
Coronal plane Calcaneal-Talar Orientation in Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kang Ho Won , Kim Dae-Yoo , Park Gil Young , Lee Dong-Oh , Lee Dong Yeon 
Published: April 2022

Background: We do not yet fully understand how the subtalar joint position is related to the varus osteoarthritic ankle joint. The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the coronal orientation of the calcaneus relative to the talus according to the ankle osteoarthritis stage, talar tilt (TT), and (2) to determine if there is TT threshold at which apparent subtalar compensation begins to fade. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 132 ankles that underwent weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) for varus ankle osteoarthritis. The TT, subtalar inclination angle (SIA), and calcaneal inclination angle (CIA) were measured using WBCT. Ankles were divided into 5 groups according to Takakura stage and 2 groups according to the apparent compensation status of the subtalar joint and compared the index of the inclination of the subtalar joint relative to the ankle (SIA) or the index of the inclination of the calcaneus relative to the ankle (CIA). Additionally, we explored the relationship between SIA or CIA and the TT. Results: Apparent subtalar compensation (SIA and CIA) was significantly lower in Takakura stages 3b and 4. The SIA and CIA significantly differed according to the apparent compensation status ( P < .001 and P = .030, respectively). The CIA of the noncompensated group varied widely, whereas the SIA was relatively constant. Furthermore, TT was greater than 9.5, which indicated a high probability of a noncompensated heel (sensitivity, 92.6%; specificity, 89.7%). Conclusion: The position of the calcaneus appears compensatory with coronal plane orientation in varus ankle osteoarthritis when the TT is ≤9.5 degrees. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Exercise in the Treatment of Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Patterson Megan S. , Spadine Mandy N. , Graves Boswell Taylor , Prochnow Tyler , Amo Christina , Francis Allison N. , Russell Alex M. , Heinrich Katie M. 
Published: April 2022

Background Exercise has been recognized as a promising and emerging treatment for individuals recovering from addiction. The purpose of this article was to systematically review scientific studies using exercise as a means to improve, sustain, or treat addictions, and to provide suggestions for the future use of exercise as a treatment method for addiction. Methods Using PRISMA guidelines, a database search was conducted for articles that tested the impact of exercise interventions on addiction-related outcomes. To be included, peer-reviewed experimental design studies had to use human subjects to investigate the relationship between exercise and the treatment of or recovery from addiction. Garrard’s Matrix Method was used to extract data from reviewed articles ( n = 53). Results Nearly three quarters of the studies reviewed documented a significant change in addiction-related outcomes (e.g., more days abstinent, reduced cravings) in response to exercise exposure, particularly while someone was receiving treatment at an in or outpatient clinic. Many studies investigated the effect of acute bouts of exercise on nicotine dependence, and many studies had small sample sizes, leaving room for future research on how exercise might benefit people recovering from substance and process addictions. Conclusion Results affirm that exercise can be a helpful aspect of addiction treatment. Future researchers should investigate different exercise settings (e.g., group-based exercise vs individual) and explore exercise maintenance and the long-term outcomes following discharge from treatment facilities.
Intention to Quit and Predictive Factors Among Current Smokers in Vietnam: Findings From Adult Tobacco Survey 2020
Authors: Hoang Le T , Tuyet Hanh Tran T , Khue Luong N , Hai Phan T , Can Phan V , Long Khuong Q , Linh Nguyen T , Anh Duong T , Van Minh Hoang 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND Smoking leads to many smoking-attributable diseases. The promotion of quitting tobacco smoking is urgent as it has significant and immediate health benefits and improves the impacts of other tobacco control strategies. Intention to quit smoking is considered the first step before quitting smoking. METHODOLOGY This paper used data from Vietnam provincial GATS 2020 on 80,166 participants who were 15-year-old or older. Data were collected from 34 provinces and cities throughout Vietnam and managed using REDCap. RESULTS Among those who were current smokers, 50.3% (95% CI: 49.1%–51.4%) had the intention to quit smoking. Some predictive factors found to be positively associated with the intention to quit smoking were age (from 45-64), education level, received information about harmful effects or encouragement to quit smoking from media channels (from 6 channels), hearing about the Tobacco Control Law and noticing health warnings on the cigarette package. There was no significant difference in intention to quit smoking between current smokers from urban and rural areas or among different age groups to start smoking. CONCLUSIONS Interventions or health promotion programs on smoking cessation should be focused on current smokers who have low education levels as they have a higher smoking rate and are less motivated to stop smoking. Received information about harmful effects or encouragement to quit smoking from media channels is also associated with stopping smoking in the future. The importance of health warning pictures on tobacco packages should be maintained and promoted as it has a specific effect on one’s intention to stop smoking.
Frailty and outcomes following revascularization of lower-extremity peripheral artery disease: Insights from the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI)
Authors: Al-Damluji Mohammed S , Smolderen Kim G , Meng Can , Dai Feng , Nanna Michael G , Sumpio Bauer , Henke Peter , Mena-Hurtado Carlos 
Published: April 2022

Background: Multiple frailty screening tools are implemented; however, it is unclear whether they perform in a comparable way for both frailty detection and prediction of perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing lower-extremity revascularization. Methods: Patients undergoing lower-extremity revascularization were identified from the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) national database. Two cohorts were established based on the revascularization type (percutaneous vascular interventions (PVI) or lower-extremity bypass). Frailty was assessed by the 5-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) and the VQI-derived risk analysis index (RAI). Results: Out of 134,081 patients undergoing PVI, frailty was identified in 67% by mFI-5 and 28% by RAI. Similarly, out of 41,316 patients in the bypass cohort, frailty was identified in 69% by mFI-5 and 16% by RAI. There was little agreement between the two frailty tools for both vascular cohorts (PVI: kappa: 0.17; bypass: kappa: 0.13). In an adjusted analysis, frailty as assessed by mFI-5 and RAI was associated with higher odds of mortality in both cohorts ( p < 0.001). A significant association between frailty and unplanned amputations was only noted in the bypass cohort when RAI was applied (OR: 1.50, p < 0.01). The addition of frailty to traditional PAD risk factors marginally improved model performance to predict mortality and unplanned major amputations. Conclusion: There was significant variation in frailty detection by mFI-5 and RAI. Although frailty was associated with mortality, the predictive value of these tools in predicting outcomes in PAD was limited. Future research should focus on designing new frailty screening tools specific to the PAD population.
Smoking and labour market participation: a 5-year prospective cohort study of transitions between work, unemployment and sickness absence
Authors: Kragelund Kamilla , Tolstrup Janne S. , Lau Cathrine J. , Christensen Anne I. , Jørgensen Maja B. 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To examine whether smokers are at higher risk of unemployment and sickness absence and have a lower chance of getting employed compared to never smokers. Methods: The study sample in this prospective register-based cohort study consisted of 87,830 men and women between 18 and 60 years of age from the Danish National Health Survey 2010. Assessment of smoking status was obtained at baseline and the participants were followed in the Danish register-based evaluation of marginalisation database from 2010 to 2015. Data were analysed by Cox proportional hazards. Results: The median age was 44.5 years and 47.3% were men. At baseline, 88.8% were categorised as working, 7.7% as unemployed and 3.5% as being on sickness absence. At the 5-year follow-up, hazard ratios for transitions from work to unemployment were 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.40; P<0.001) for current smokers (<15/day) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.43–1.62; P<0.001) for current heavy smokers (⩾15/day), compared to never smokers. Hazard ratios for transitions from work to sickness absence were 1.31 (95% CI 1.24–1.38; P<0.001) for current smokers (<15/day) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.56–1.71; P<0.001) for current heavy smokers (⩾15/day). Current heavy smokers (⩾15/day) also had a lower chance of becoming re-employed with a hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI 0.75–0.88; P<0.001) compared to never smokers. : Smoking was associated with a higher risk of unemployment and sickness absence, and a lower chance of becoming employed. More focus on smoking prevention and smoking cessation could therefore be implemented in relation to job seeking and sickness absence.
Optimization and analysis of mine drainage pump with high efficiency and large flow
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Houlin , Xie Lei 
Published: April 2022

This paper aimed to systematically maximize hydraulic efficiency and pump head for mine drainage pump using numerical simulation method and optimization design method. First, the preliminary design of the pump is carried out according to the traditional design method, and then the impeller and diffuser of mine drainage pump are optimized by orthogonal test method and computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation method aiming at the hydraulic efficiency of the pump. The results show that under the rated working conditions, the hydraulic efficiency of the optimized mine drainage pump is 82.11%, the pump head is 25.94 m, and the hydraulic efficiency and pump head are increased by 3.58% and 1.53 m, respectively. Furthermore, under the flow conditions of 0.8 Qd, 1.0 Qd and 1.2 Qd, the average radial force of the optimized impeller is reduced by 22.4 N, 18.5 N and 13.1 N respectively, and the average axial force is reduced by 36.7 N, 30.2 N and 27.3 N compared with the original scheme. It indicated that the optimization effect of mine drainage pump is obvious. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the internal flow field, it is illustrated that the reasonable control of the internal flow law of the pump can effectively improve the hydraulic performance of the pump and improve the stability of the pump operation.