bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in Future Projections of Precipitation Decline over Mesopotamia
Authors: Choi Yeon-Woo , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For millennia, Mesopotamia was blessed by enough water supplied by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. However, the dwindling freshwater resource is no longer enough. In the future, climate change coupled with a growing population could considerably exacerbate the current water deficit. Based on simulations by carefully selected global and regional climate models, we conclude that these river basins may possibly face further water shortages (mainly due to a reduction in spring-season precipitation) in the next few decades (2021–50) under a scenario of high emissions of greenhouse gases. However, there is no consensus among models regarding these near-term (2021–50) projections of change in precipitation, and society is likely to face the challenge of how to prepare for this uncertain future. The story is different for the late decades of this century: we project, with significantly more confidence, a robust decrease in wet-season (winter to spring) precipitation over the headwaters of these river basins, worsening future water deficits and implying a century-long drying trend over Mesopotamia. Possible physical mechanisms are proposed and discussed. As global warming progresses, higher sea level pressure, centered on the Mediterranean Sea, will likely make upstream storms less frequent and weaker, leading to drying over Mesopotamia. Further, projections show a poleward migration of the fewer Mediterranean storm tracks, decreasing the frequency of storms that penetrate into Mesopotamia. Implementing a global net-zero carbon emissions policy by midcentury could mitigate the severity of the projected droughts in this region.
Community connectedness and depression in transgender populations: The role of self-focused attention
Authors: Taber Jamie L , Gao Siyan (Stan) , Lynn Savannah G , Brusche Daniel R , Stults Christopher B 
Published: October 2022

Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals are at increased risk for depression, making it important to understand the factors that may contribute to or attenuate this disparity. Community connectedness is one such factor, but prior research regarding its effect on depression has been mixed. It is possible that these mixed findings may be because community connectedness leads to multiple types of self-focused attention (i.e., gender reflection, gender rumination, and preoccupation with others’ perceptions) which then have opposing effects on depression. To explore this possibility, the current study sought to test a mediation model in which the three types of self-focused attention would mediate the relationship between community connectedness and depression. Cross-sectional data were collected using online surveys with 309 TNB young adults aged 18–30 years old. As hypothesized, preoccupation with others’ perceptions was a significant mediator explaining 35.85% of the variance in depression. Contrary to expectations, gender reflection and gender rumination were not significant mediators. However, community connectedness significantly predicted greater gender reflection, while gender rumination predicted greater depression. The present results indicate that different types of self-focused attention have differing effects on depression in this population, suggesting that clinicians working with TNB young adults should target the ways that these clients think about their gender identity. Additionally, connection to the TNB community can have multiple effects on thought processes, and efforts should be made to maximize the benefits while minimizing the costs. Future research should test these relationships using longitudinal designs and at different ages, as well as assess whether aspects of the community connectedness itself (e.g., co-rumination in TNB spaces, online vs. in-person connection) may have different effects.
Pharmacological modulation of ventral tegmental area neurons elicits changes in trigeminovascular sensory processing and is accompanied by glycemic changes: Implications for migraine
Authors: Martins-Oliveira Margarida , Akerman Simon , Holland Philip R , Tavares Isaura , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundImaging migraine premonitory studies show increased midbrain activation consistent with the ventral tegmental area, an area involved in pain modulation and hedonic feeding. We investigated ventral tegmental area pharmacological modulation effects on trigeminovascular processing and consequent glycemic levels, which could be involved in appetite changes in susceptible migraine patients.MethodsSerotonin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptors immunohistochemistry was performed in ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus of male Sprague Dawley rats. In vivo trigeminocervical complex neuronal responses to dura mater nociceptive electrical stimulation, and facial mechanical stimulation of the ophthalmic dermatome were recorded. Changes in trigeminocervical complex responses following ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus microinjection of glutamate, bicuculline, naratriptan, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 and quinpirole were measured, and blood glucose levels assessed pre- and post-microinjection.ResultsGlutamatergic stimulation of ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus neurons reduced nociceptive and spontaneous trigeminocervical complex neuronal firing. Naratriptan, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 and quinpirole inhibited trigeminovascular spontaneous activity, and trigeminocervical complex neuronal responses to dural-evoked electrical and mechanical noxious stimulation. Trigeminovascular sensory processing through modulation of the ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus resulted in reduced circulating glucose levels.ConclusionPharmacological modulation of ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus neurons elicits changes in trigeminovascular sensory processing. The interplay between ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus activity and the sensory processing by the trigeminovascular system may be relevant to understand associated sensory and homeostatic symptoms in susceptible migraine patients.
Vitrified Particulated Articular Cartilage for Joint Resurfacing: A Swine Model
Authors: Wu Kezhou , Yong Kar Wey , Ead Maha , Sommerfeldt Mark , Skene-Arnold Tamara D. , Westover Lindsey , Duke Kajsa , Laouar Leila , Elliott Janet A.W. , Jomha Nadr M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: The use of particulated articular cartilage for repairing cartilage defects has been well established, but its use is currently limited by the availability and short shelf life of donor cartilage. Vitrification is an ice-free cryopreservation technology at ultralow temperatures for tissue banking. An optimized vitrification protocol has been developed for particulated articular cartilage; however, the equivalency of the long-term clinical efficacy of vitrified particulated articular cartilage compared with fresh articular cartilage has not yet been determined. Hypothesis: The repair effect of vitrified particulated cartilage from pigs would be equivalent to or better than that of fresh particulated cartilage stored at 4°C for 21 days. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 19 pigs were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: fresh particulated cartilage group (n = 8), vitrified particulated cartilage group (n = 8), and negative control group (no particulated cartilage in the defect; n = 3). An additional pig was used as the initial cartilage donor for the first set of surgical procedures. Pigs were euthanized after 6 months to obtain femoral condyles, and the contralateral condyle was used as the positive (no defect) control. Samples were evaluated for gross morphology using the Outerbridge and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring systems, histology (safranin O, collagen type I/II, DAPI), and chondrocyte viability using live-dead membrane integrity staining. Results: There were no infections after surgery, and all 19 pigs were followed for the duration of the study. The OARSI grades for the fresh and vitrified particulated cartilage groups were 2.44 ± 1.35 and 2.00 ± 0.80, respectively, while the negative control group was graded significantly higher at 4.83 ± 0.29. Analysis of histological and fluorescent staining demonstrated that the fresh and vitrified particulated cartilage groups had equivalent regeneration within cartilage defects, with similar cell viability and densities and expression of proteoglycans and collagen type I/II. Conclusion: The implantation of fresh or vitrified particulated cartilage resulted in the equivalent repair of focal cartilage defects when evaluated at 6 months after surgery. Clinical Relevance: The vitrification of particulated cartilage is a viable option for long-term storage for cartilage tissue banking and could greatly increase the availability of donor tissue for transplantation.
Open Access Articles Garner Increased Social Media Attention and Citation Rates Compared With Subscription Access Research Articles: An Altmetrics-Based Analysis
Authors: Vadhera Amar S. , Lee Jonathan S. , Veloso Isabel L. , Khan Zeeshan A. , Trasolini Nicholas A. , Gursoy Safa , Kunze Kyle N. , Chahla Jorge , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: October 2022

Background: To better understand the research impact on social media, alternative web-based metrics (Altmetrics) were developed. Open access (OA) publishing, which allows for widespread distribution of scientific content, has become increasingly common in the medical literature. However, the relationship between OA publishing and social media impact remains unclear. Purpose: To compare social media attention and citation rates between OA and subscription access (SA) research articles within the orthopaedic and sports medicine literature. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Articles published as either OA or SA in 5 high-impact hybrid orthopaedic journals between January 2019 and December 2019 were analyzed. The primary outcome was the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), a validated measure of social media attention. Secondary outcomes included citation rates, article characteristics, and the number of shares on social media. Independent t tests and chi-square analyses were used to compare outcomes between OA and SA articles. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between article type and AAS while controlling for bibliometric characteristics. Results: A total of 2143 articles (246 OA articles, 11.5%; 1897 SA articles, 88.5%) were included. The mean AAS among all OA articles was 62.4 ± 184.6 (range, 0-2032), whereas the mean AAS among all SA articles was 18.4 ± 109.8 (range, 0-3425), representing a statistically significant difference ( P < .001). The mean citation rate among OA articles was significantly higher (17.0 ± 22.5; range, 0-139) than that of SA articles (8.6 ± 13.4; range, 0-169) ( P < .001). Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that OA status (β = 15.15; P = .044), number of institutions (β = 2.13; P = .023), studies classified as epidemiological investigations (β = 107.40; P < .001), and disclosure of a conflict of interest (β = −11.18; P = .032) were significantly associated with a higher AAS. Conclusion: OA articles resulted in significantly greater AAS and citations in comparison with SA articles. Articles published through the OA option in hybrid journals as well as those with a higher number of institutions, those that disclosed a conflict of interest, and those classified as epidemiological investigations were positively associated with greater AAS in addition to a greater number of citations. The potential for more extensive research dissemination inherent in the OA option may therefore translate into greater reach and social media attention.
Modified Alendronate Mitigates Mechanical Degradation of the Rotator Cuff in an Osteoporotic Ovine Model
Authors: Johnson James W. , von Stade Devin , Gadomski Ben , Easley Jeremiah , Nelson Brad , Bisazza Katie , Regan Daniel , Troyer Kevin , Zhou Tianjian , McGilvray Kirk 
Published: October 2022

Background:Osteoporosis is an independent risk factor for failure after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Since rerupture rates after rotator cuff repair are associated with decreased bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture, adaptations of biomechanical properties of the rotator cuff enthesis in patients with osteoporosis remain unclear. Additionally, the effects of osteogenic therapy carrier drugs used for the treatment of osteoporosis on rotator cuff structure and properties have not been previously documented.Purpose:To investigate the changes to soft tissue biomechanics and insertional structure secondary to osteoporosis with and without an osteogenic therapy carrier (ie, modified alendronate).Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Biomechanical, histopathological, and microcomputed tomography analyses were performed on 20 shoulders obtained from 10 osteoporotic sheep randomly allocated to modified bisphosphonate (ie, alendronate) or control (ie, osteoporotic without treatment) groups; 6 shoulders from healthy sheep were utilized for comparison purposes.Results:Tendons from the control group exhibited a 57% decrease in undeformed Young modulus as compared with the healthy group ( P = .010). Tendons from the modified bisphosphonate treatment group exhibited a 229% increase in initial Young modulus as compared with the control group ( P = .010). Marked changes within the tendon insertional organization were noted in both the control and the modified bisphosphonate treatment group samples as evidenced by increased interdigitation of the bone–mineralized fibrocartilaginous junction. The control samples exhibited a markedly paucicellular insertion, whereas the modified bisphosphonate treated tendons exhibited a hypercellular insertional region as compared with the healthy group. Both groups exhibited significantly ( P < .01) decreased bone quality underlying the infraspinatus insertion, as evidenced by all microcomputed tomography outcome parameters.Conclusion:This work illuminates changes to rotator cuff tendon secondary to osteoporosis. Specifically, it revealed decreased tendon modulus and altered insertional structure in the osteoporotic samples. Secondarily, these data revealed increases in tendon modulus accompanied by increased cellularity within the tendon insertion region after systemic modified bisphosphonate injections.Clinical Relevance:Bisphosphonate treatment may have a positive effect on the healing of the enthesis after rotator cuff repair.
Three Accounts—Two World Wars—One Town: Narratives of War and Genocide in Eastern Galicia
Authors: Bartov Omer 
Published: October 2022

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Biographies of Belonging in the Holocaust”, guest-edited by Natalia Aleksiun and Hana Kubátová. This article argues for using personal accounts in reconstructing the inner lives of interethnic communities in Eastern Europe in times of crisis. Focusing on the Eastern Galician town of Buczacz as representative of numerous other such communities, it also suggests that the events of the Holocaust must be seen within the larger context of coexistence and violence since 1914. After briefly examining the relevant historiography, the article turns to a close analysis of the diary of a Polish headmaster, written in 1914–1922; the World War II diary of a Ukrainian gymnasium teacher, and recollections of the Holocaust by a Jewish radio technician, composed in 1947. All three men lived in Buczacz; all three wanted their accounts to be read by others, but they are only now being made available to the public by the author. Each provides a strikingly different perspective: that of a Polish nationalist educator whose sons were fighting to create an independent Poland; that of a Ukrainian activist who resented Polish rule and Jewish influence but felt ambivalent about wartime and genocide profiteering by fellow Ukrainians; and that of a young Jew who meticulously recorded both collaboration and rescue by his gentile neighbors and ended up fighting in a local Polish partisan unit. And yet, seen together, these personal narratives shed light on aspects of mass violence in that region largely missing from more general or nationally oriented histories.
Psychosocial Effects of Physical Activity Interventions for Preschoolers, Children, and Adolescents: Role of Intervention Settings
Authors: Rastogi Somya , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa , Meyers Lauren 
Published: October 2022

Objective Physical activity interventions are potential strategies to enhance psychosocial health of children and adolescents. Interventions are performed at diverse settings (e.g., school, home, community), but little research has addressed whether and how the effectiveness of these programs vary by setting type. The aim of this review is to summarize the psychosocial effects of physical activity programs for preschoolers, children, and adolescents at various intervention settings. Data Source A systematic search of five electronic databases, MEDLINE-PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Scopus was performed. Study inclusion and exclusion criteria Included studies had participants between 3-18 years, physical activity intervention duration of at least four weeks, experimental design, and at least one psychosocial health outcome. Data Extraction Data on participants, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and findings were extracted. Data Synthesis Data were synthesized by the intervention setting; school, home, and community. Results Of the thirty-five included studies, 74% were performed at schools. Although fewer studies used community (17%)- and home-based (9%) interventions, these were similarly effective in improving psychosocial health as school-based interventions. Conclusions Community- and home-based intervention settings may be underutilized despite being similarly effective as school-based settings. A large proportion of time is spent out of school during weekends and summer-break. Community- and home-based physical activity programs may be pragmatic strategies to deliver improvements in psychosocial health of preschoolers, children, and adolescents.
Synthesis and microwave absorption studies on 2D graphitic carbon nitride loaded polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites
Authors: Kavitha Narayanasamy , Chandramohan Ayyavu , Sharma Devansh , Dinakaran Kannaiyan 
Published: October 2022

A light weight electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorbing composite films has been developed by loading varying weight content of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets and polyaniline (PANI) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The prepared PVA/PANI/g-C3N4 (1%, 3%, 5%) composites has been subjected to FTIR, X-Ray powder diffraction, SEM, Thermal studies, Dielectric studies and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) analysis. The PVA/PANI/g-C3N4 (1%, 3%, 5%) composites was discovered to have improved electrical conductivity, dielectric loss, and dielectric constant. It is observed from the SEM images that the sheet layers of g-C3N4 are wrapped by the polymer matrix and the morphology to PVA/PANI composite in the g-C3N4 indicates homogeneous blending of PVA/PANI without any phase separation and has porous in it. The PANI/g-C3N4 fractured surfaces present are smooth but irregular in appearance indicating good compatibility between the PVA and PANI matrices. The dielectric properties was found to increase on increasing the concentration of the g-C3N4 nanofiller and reached a maximum of 9.8 × 106 at 1 MHz for 3% g-C3N4 in PVA/PANI. The incorporation of g-C3N4 into PVA/PANI enhanced the conductivity and the 5% g-C3N4 loaded composite film exhibited a conductivity value of 0.043 S/cm at 1 MHz. The PVA/PANI/g-C3N4 (1%, 3%, 5%) composites exhibited potential EMI SE values ranging from 24 to 35 dB at 8.6 GHz and from 42 to 63 dB at 12.4 GHz, for instance the PVA/PANI/g-C3N4 5% composite showed highest value of 63 dB at 12.4 GHz. The PVA/PANI/g-C3N4 5% exhibits the maximum highest reflection loss 8 GHz–12 GHz in which the higher absorption of −36 dB is observed at 10.3 GHz of the X-band region.
Recreational Drug Use During the Amsterdam Dance Event: Impact on Emergency Services
Authors: Gresnigt Femke MJ , Ghaem Maghami Pedram , van Exter Pieternel , Noordhoff Annelieke , van Dijk Tobias , van Litsenburg Ronald , Holleman Frits , Kramer Mark HH , Nanayakkara Prabath WB 
Published: October 2022

Background: Recreational drug use is common at large-scale dance events such as the Amsterdam Dance Event (ADE) and severe drug-related complications and deaths occur. Increasing concentrations of cocaine, amphetamine and MDMA have been observed in samples from dance events. Therefore, large dance events are expected to cause an increasing amount of recreational drug related complaints (RDRC) and an increased demand on emergency medical services. Aim: To evaluate the impact of recreational drug related complaints (RDRC) during ADE 2016, compared to regular weeks, and to evaluate the requirement for additional medical personnel. Methods: For this prospective, observational cohort study, patients >12 years old presenting with RDRC at first aid stations (FAS), ambulance service (AA) and ED during ADE, between October 19th and October 24th 2016 were included. From 2 EDs and AA, the RDRC 2 weeks before and after ADE were also collected. Results: An estimated 375.000 people attended ADE. The number of patients with RDRC was 459 at the FAS, 113 at AA and 81 at the ED, and increased significantly during ADE with 225% at AA and with 236% at OLVG ED. Eight patients were admitted. A higher percentage of poly-drug use among ED patients (58%) was found, compared to FAS patients (25%). Also, the proportion of tourists in ED’s (51%) was higher compared to FAS (30%). Conclusions: During ADE 2016, the number of intoxicated patients increased significantly. Eight patients were admitted to the hospital, without any deaths. The absolute number of patients stayed within normal range of emergency medical services capacity.