bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of radio loudness in Eigenvector 1 and the Baldwin Effect of [O iii] λ5007
Authors: Wang Yongjiang , Shang Zhaohui , Brotherton Michael S 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The radio emission is an important observable of quasars, but its relationship to Eigenvector 1 and the [O iii] λ5007 Baldwin Effect is not fully understood. We explore these issues based on a sample of 1800 quasars taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. We employ a new approach of selecting subsamples in the plane of fundamental physical parameters of the black hole mass and Eddington ratio, so as to reduce variables and complexity in analyses. Based on these subsamples, we investigate the relationship between radio loudness R and Eigenvector 1 and find that radio loudness is correlated with [O iii] λ5007 emission, but has no clear relationship with optical Fe ii emission, which indicates that the radio power is probably not a driver of Eigenvector 1 but merely a secondary process. In addition, we also investigate the impact of radio loudness on the Baldwin Effect of [O iii] λ5007. We find that when the radio loudness is not strong (log R &lt; 2), the Baldwin Effect of [O iii] λ5007 is clear, while in the samples of extreme radio loudness (log R ≥ 2), the Baldwin Effect of [O iii] λ5007 becomes weaker or even disappears. We suggest that both radio loudness and luminosity influence the relative strength of [O iii].
Detection of temozolomide-induced hypermutation and response to PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor in recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Daniel Paul , Meehan Brian , Sabri Siham , Jamali Fatemeh , Sarkaria Jann N , Choi Dongsic , Garnier Delphine , Kitange Gaspar , Glennon Kate I , Paccard Antoine , Karamchandani Jason , Riazalhosseini Yasser , Rak Janusz , Abdulkarim Bassam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite aggressive upfront treatment in glioblastoma (GBM), recurrence remains inevitable for most patients. Accumulating evidence has identified hypermutation induced by temozolomide (TMZ) as an emerging subtype of recurrent GBM. However, its biological and therapeutic significance has yet to be described.

Methods
We combined GBM patient and derive GBM stem cells (GSCs) from tumors following TMZ to explore response of hypermutant and non-hypermutant emergent phenotypes and explore the immune relevance of hypermutant and non-hypermutant states in vivo.

Results
Hypermutation emerges as one of two possible mutational subtypes following TMZ treatment in vivo and demonstrates distinct phenotypic features compared to non-hypermutant recurrent GBM. Hypermutant tumors elicited robust immune rejection in subcutaneous contexts which was accompanied by increased immune cell infiltration. In contrast, immune rejection of hypermutant tumors were stunted in orthotopic settings where we observe limited immune infiltration. Use of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy showed that immunosuppression in orthotopic contexts was independent from the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Finally, we demonstrate that mutational burden can be estimated from DNA contained in extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Conclusion
Hypermutation post-TMZ are phenotypically distinct from non-hypermutant GBM and requires personalization for appropriate treatment. The brain microenvironment may be immunosuppressive and exploration of the mechanisms behind this may be key to improving immunotherapy response in this subtype of recurrent GBM.
Online Learning for Infectious Disease Fellows—A Needs Assessment
Authors: Chavez Miguel A , Nolan Nathanial S , Gleason Emily , Nematollahi Saman , Abdoler Emily , Escota Gerome 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Online resources and social media have become increasingly ubiquitous in medical education. Little is known about the need for educational resources aimed at infectious disease (ID) fellows.

Methods
We conducted an educational needs assessment through a survey that aimed to describe ID fellows’ current use of online and social media tools, assess the value of online learning, and identify the educational content preferred by ID fellows. We subsequently convened focus groups with ID fellows to explore how digital tools contribute to fellow learning.

Results
A total of 110 ID fellows responded to the survey. Over half were second-year fellows (61, 55%). Although many respondents were satisfied with the educational resources provided by their fellowship program (70, 64%), the majority were interested in an online collaborative educational resource (97, 88%). Twitter was the most popular social media platform for education and the most valued online resource for learning. Focus groups identified several themes regarding social medial learning: broadened community, low barrier to learning, technology-enhanced learning, and limitations of current tools. Overall, the focus groups suggest that fellows value social media and online learning.

Conclusions
ID fellows are currently using online and social media resources, which they view as valuable educational tools. Fellowship programs should consider these resources as complementary to traditional teaching and as a means to augment ID fellow education.
Cytokine storm promoting T cell exhaustion in severe COVID-19 revealed by single cell sequencing data analysis
Authors: Yang Minglei , Lin Chenghao , Wang Yanni , Chen Kang , Han Yutong , Zhang Haiyue , Li Weizhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence has suggested that cytokine storms may be associated with T cell exhaustion (TEX) in COVID-19. However, the interaction mechanism between cytokine storms and TEX remains unclear.

Methods
With the aim of dissecting the molecular relationship of cytokine storms and TEX through single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis, we identified 14 cell types from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COVID-19 patients and healthy people. We observed a novel subset of severely exhausted CD8 T cells (Exh T_CD8) that co-expressed multiple inhibitory receptors, and two macrophage subclasses that were the main source of cytokine storms in bronchoalveolar.

Results
Correlation analysis between cytokine storm level and TEX level suggested that cytokine storms likely promoted TEX in severe COVID-19. Cell–cell communication analysis indicated that cytokines (e.g. CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL2, CCL2, and CCL3) released by macrophages acted as ligands and significantly interacted with inhibitory receptors (e.g. CXCR3, DPP4, CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5) expressed by Exh T_CD8. These interactions formed the cytokine–receptor axes, which were also verified to be significantly correlated with cytokine storms and TEX in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions
Cytokine storms may promote TEX through cytokine-receptor axes and be associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19. Blocking cytokine-receptor axes may reverse TEX. Our finding provides novel insights into TEX in COVID-19 and new clues for cytokine-targeted immunotherapy development.
The digestive systems of carnivorous plants
Authors: Freund Matthias , Graus Dorothea , Fleischmann Andreas , Gilbert Kadeem J , Lin Qianshi , Renner Tanya , Stigloher Christian , Albert Victor A , Hedrich Rainer , Fukushima Kenji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To survive in the nutrient-poor habitats, carnivorous plants capture small organisms comprising complex substances not suitable for immediate reuse. The traps of carnivorous plants, which are analogous to the digestive systems of animals, are equipped with mechanisms for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients. Such capabilities have been acquired convergently over the past tens of millions of years in multiple angiosperm lineages by modifying plant-specific organs including leaves. The epidermis of carnivorous trap leaves bears groups of specialized cells called glands, which acquire substances from their prey via digestion and absorption. The digestive glands of carnivorous plants secrete mucilage, pitcher fluids, acids, and proteins, including digestive enzymes. The same (or morphologically distinct) glands then absorb the released compounds via various membrane transport proteins or endocytosis. Thus, these glands function in a manner similar to animal cells that are physiologically important in the digestive system, such as the parietal cells of the stomach and intestinal epithelial cells. Yet, carnivorous plants are equipped with strategies that deal with or incorporate plant-specific features, such as cell walls, epidermal cuticles, and phytohormones. In this review, we provide a systematic perspective on the digestive and absorptive capacity of convergently evolved carnivorous plants, with an emphasis on the forms and functions of glands.
Deep-learning microscopy image reconstruction with quality control reveals second-scale rearrangements in RNA polymerase II clusters
Authors: Hajiabadi Hamideh , Mamontova Irina , Prizak Roshan , Pancholi Agnieszka , Koziolek Anne , Hilbert Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFluorescence microscopy, a central tool of biological research, is subject to inherent trade-offs in experiment design. For instance, image acquisition speed can only be increased in exchange for a lowered signal quality, or for an increased rate of photo-damage to the specimen. Computational denoising can recover some loss of signal, extending the trade-off margin for high-speed imaging. Recently proposed denoising on the basis of neural networks shows exceptional performance but raises concerns of errors typical of neural networks. Here, we present a work-flow that supports an empirically optimized reduction of exposure times, as well as per-image quality control to exclude images with reconstruction errors. We implement this work-flow on the basis of the denoising tool Noise2Void and assess the molecular state and 3D shape of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) clusters in live zebrafish embryos. Image acquisition speed could be tripled, achieving 2-s time resolution and 350-nm lateral image resolution. The obtained data reveal stereotyped events of approximately 10 s duration: initially, the molecular mark for recruited Pol II increases, then the mark for active Pol II increases, and finally Pol II clusters take on a stretched and unfolded shape. An independent analysis based on fixed sample images reproduces this sequence of events, and suggests that they are related to the transient association of genes with Pol II clusters. Our work-flow consists of procedures that can be implemented on commercial fluorescence microscopes without any hardware or software modification, and should, therefore, be transferable to many other applications.
Functional connectivity signatures of political ideology
Authors: Yang Seo Eun , Wilson James D , Lu Zhong-Lin , Cranmer Skyler 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmerging research has begun investigating the neural underpinnings of the biological and psychological differences that drive political ideology, attitudes, and actions. Here, we explore the neurological roots of politics through conducting a large sample, whole-brain analysis of functional connectivity (FC) across common fMRI tasks. Using convolutional neural networks, we develop predictive models of ideology using FC from fMRI scans for nine standard task-based settings in a novel cohort of healthy adults (n = 174, age range: 18 to 40, mean = 21.43) from the Ohio State University Wellbeing Project. Our analyses suggest that liberals and conservatives have noticeable and discriminative differences in FC that can be identified with high accuracy using contemporary artificial intelligence methods and that such analyses complement contemporary models relying on socio-economic and survey-based responses. FC signatures from retrieval, empathy, and monetary reward tasks are identified as important and powerful predictors of conservatism, and activations of the amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus, and hippocampus are most strongly associated with political affiliation. Although the direction of causality is unclear, this study suggests that the biological and neurological roots of political behavior run much deeper than previously thought.
Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibits an increased resilience to the antiviral type I interferon response
Authors: Shalamova Lyudmila , Felgenhauer Ulrike , Wilhelm Jochen , Schaubmar Andreas R , Büttner Kathrin , Schoen Andreas , Widera Marek , Ciesek Sandra , Weber Friedemann 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The new variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2, Omicron (B.1.1.529), is genetically very different from other VOCs. We compared Omicron with the preceding VOC Delta (B.1.617.2) and the wildtype (wt) strain (B.1) with respect to their interactions with the antiviral interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) response in infected cells. Our data indicate that IFN induction by Omicron is low and comparable to the wt, whereas Delta showed an increased IFN induction. However, Omicron exceeded both the wt and the Delta strain with respect to the ability to withstand the antiviral state imposed by IFN-alpha.
All-cementless Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Constrained Condylar Design With Porous Tantalum: Technique and Clinical Results
Authors: Tye Erik Y. , Bryman Jason A. , Kay Robert D. , Taylor Adam J. , Andrawis John P. , Kwong Louis M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Contemporary differences exist with regards to revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) fixation philosophy. The use of an all-cementless constrained condylar knee (CCK) design for revision TKA with porous tantalum has not been described in the recent peer-reviewed literature. Our rationale for using an all-cementless design in the revision setting includes the theoretical decrease in aseptic loosening and enhanced preservation of bone stock.

Methods:
We report the surgical technique and clinical results of 28 patients who underwent revision TKA utilizing an all-cementless CCK design and review the complications, rerevisions, and survivorship free of aseptic loosening. All subjects were included in the survivorship analysis.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 62.8 years. The average length of follow-up was 3.6 years (range: 2 to 6 y). Seventeen patients underwent revision TKA for periprosthetic joint infection as the second stage of a 2-stage reconstruction, 7 for aseptic loosening, and 4 for instability. There were 6 failures defined as the removal of any components for any reason; 5 of the 6 failures were due to recurrent periprosthetic joint infection. There were no failures that were revised for aseptic loosening.

Discussion:
If we consider those patients lost to follow-up to represent a failure (5/28), our series would have an 82.1% survivorship free from aseptic loosening and a failure rate 17.9% at an average of 3.6 years. Early results suggest the use of an all-cementless CCK design with porous tantalum for revision TKA may provide an acceptable alternative to cemented and hybrid techniques in selected patients.
Applications of the Guarded-Needle External Drainage Technique in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Felfeli Tina , Grewal Parampal S. , Mandelcorn Efrem D. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To describe the surgical technique using the guarded-needle external drainage for a wide variety of applications in vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods:
A step-by-step procedure and a surgical video using the guarded-needle external drainage technique are presented. In addition, a series of representative cases with wide-ranging diagnoses who underwent the technique is reviewed.

Description and Technique:
The guarded-needle using a 27-gauge thin-walled TSK needle (TSK Laboratory International) and a trimmed 70 buckle sleeve are connected to the active extrusion tubing of the vitrectomy machine. External drainage is performed by actively aspirating subretinal fluid using low active vacuum. The guarded-needle external drainage technique is used in cases with bullous detachments, and small and anterior breaks, when performing scleral buckle, for prevention of underfill when using oil tamponade in cases with choroidal effusion, addressing subretinal gas/air, lysing a subretinal band, draining a suprachoroidal hemorrhage, for diabetic tractional retinal detachments, detachments with no definitive break, and subretinal biopsy in exudative detachments.

Conclusion:
The guarded-needle external drainage has a wide range of applications in vitreoretinal surgery.
Peripheral Neurectomy With Customized Nerve Reconstruction for Periorbital Neuropathic Pain: Initial Experience and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Kim Jane S. , Tian James , Gross Andrew , Aggarwal Sahil , May Lauren , Leyngold Ilya M. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To describe a novel, minimally invasive surgical technique to treat severe, intractable periorbital neuropathic pain.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients with severe, treatment-refractory periorbital pain who underwent transection of affected sensory trigeminal branches with nerve repair was performed. Collected data included etiology and duration of neuropathic pain, comorbidities, prior treatment history, surgical technique including site of transected sensory nerves and type of nerve repair, preoperative and postoperative pain scores as well as follow-up duration. Differences between preoperative and postoperative values were analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
A total of 5 patients with severe periorbital neuropathic pain underwent transection of affected supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, infraorbital, zygomaticotemporal, and zygomaticofacial nerves with customized nerve reconstruction. All 5 had improvement of periorbital pain after surgery, with 3 (60%) noting complete resolution of pain and 2 (40%) experiencing partial pain relief over a median follow-up period of 9 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6–19 months). Of the 3 patients who had complete resolution of pain, all reported continued pain relief. Median McGill pain scores significantly decreased from 8.4 (IQR, 8.2–10.0) preoperatively to 0.0 (IQR, 0.0–4.8; p < 0.001) postoperatively. All patients reported satisfaction with the surgical procedure and stated that they would undergo the procedure again if given the option. One patient with history of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) had reactivation of herpes zoster at postoperative month 3, which was self-limited, without worsening of her neuropathic pain. Another patient with PHN required a staged procedure to achieve complete pain relief.

Conclusion:
Peripheral neurectomy with customized reconstruction of involved sensory nerves can successfully reduce and even eradicate periorbital neuropathic pain that was previously recalcitrant to combination pharmacotherapy and prior neurolysis procedures.
Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia
Authors: Tan Aihua , Hu Yan , Zhang Zheng , Yan Han , Song Ziyu , Ran Simiao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
As a common type of clinical dementia, the prevalence rate of vascular dementia (VaD) increased rapidly in recent years, damaging both patients’ health and social-economic prospect. There is currently no effective treatment for VaD, though western medicines can slightly improve patients’ cognitive function, but not brought a significant improvement in daily life ability. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely employed to treat dementia for more than 2000years in China. Despite the proliferation of relevant literature, there is still a lack of evidence to prove the effectiveness and safety of such therapy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM for VaD.

Methods and analysis:
Six English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Springer, CENTRAL and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) and 4 Chinese databases (Wan fang Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database <VIP>, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database <CNKI> and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database <CBM>) will be searched from the inception to July 1st, 2020. Randomized controlled trials, which participants with VaD receiving various CHM therapy versus control group, will be included in this study. Two researchers will independently obtain data, screen eligible trials, and evaluate the quality of literature. Any disagreement will be settled by a discussion with the third investigator. A comprehensive meta-analysis will be conducted using the Cochrane collaboration software (Review Manager 5.3).

Ethics and dissemination:
Since this article is a protocol that does not involve patients and personal information collection, ethical approval is therefore not required. This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and will be shared on social media platforms. The review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentation.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY 202210098.
Sentinel Node Biopsy Imaging in Breast Cancer
Authors: Cañete-Sánchez Francisco M. , Boulvard-Chollet Xavier L. E. , Chamorro Xabier , Marrodán, MArch Pablo Javier , Garrastachu Zumarán Puy , Ramírez Lasanta Rafael , Colletti Patrick M. , Giammarile Francesco , Delgado Bolton Roberto C. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Point of injection scatter (SPI) confounds breast cancer sentinel lymph node detection. Round flat lead shields (FLSs) incompletely reduce SPI, requiring repositioning. We designed lead shields that reduce SPI and acquisition time.

Methods
Two concave lead shields, a semioval lead shield (OLS) and a semispherical lead alloy shield (SLS), were created with a SICNOVA JCR 1000 3D printer to cover the point of injection (patent no. ES1219895U). Twenty breast cancer patients had anterior and anterior oblique imaging, 5 minutes and 2 hours after a single 111 MBq nanocolloid in 0.2 mL intratumoral or periareolar injection. Each acquisition was 2 minutes. Absolute and normalized background corrected scatter counts (CSCs) and scatter reduction percentage (%SR) related to the FLS were calculated. Repositionings were recorded. Differences between means of %SR (t test) and between means of CSC (analysis of variance) with Holm multiple comparison tests were determined.

Results
Mean %SR was 91.8% with OLS and 92% using SLS in early images (P = 0.91) and 87.2%SR in OLS and 88.5% in late images (P = 0.66). There were significant differences between CSC using FLS and OLS (P < 0.001) and between FLS and SLS (P < 0.001), but not between OLS and SLS (P = 0.17) in early images, with the same results observed in delayed studies (P < 0.001 in relation to FLS and P = 0.1 between both curved lead shields). Repositioning was required 14/20 times with FLS, 4/20 times with OLS, and 2/20 times with SLS.

Conclusions
We designed 2 concave lead shields that significantly reduce the SPI and repositioning with sentinel lymph node lymphoscintigraphy.
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Uptake in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Yang Xiao , Chen Hui , Li Mengyu , Chen Yue , Liu Huipan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 47-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of palpable masses in the right hip. The patient was subsequently enrolled in our clinical trial of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT study on tumors. Intense 68Ga-FAPI activities were noted in the right hip lesions, suggestive of malignancies. Pathological examination using tissue obtained on surgical resection rendered a diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
FDG PET/CT in Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Lung Metastases
Authors: Zhang Jun , Dong Aisheng , Wang Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma is a recently described emerging renal tumor. Usefulness of FDG PET/CT in the management of eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma has been rarely reported. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma with lung metastases. The primary renal tumor and its metastases showed intense FDG uptake with SUVmax of 29.3 for the primary tumor and 21 for the lung metastases.