bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability to the Effects of Conflicting Health Information: Testing the Moderating Roles of Trust in News Media and Research Literacy
Authors: Nagler Rebekah H. , Vogel Rachel I. , Rothman Alexander J. , Yzer Marco C. , Gollust Sarah E. 
Published: July 2022

Background Exposure to conflicting health information can produce negative affective and cognitive responses, including confusion and backlash, and the effects of this exposure can even “carry over” and reduce people’s receptivity to subsequent messages about health behaviors for which there is scientific consensus. What is not known is whether certain population subgroups are more vulnerable to such carryover effects. Aims This study investigates whether carryover effects of exposure to conflicting information are moderated by two factors, trust in news media and research literacy, testing the hypothesis that lower trust and higher literacy could protect against such effects. Method The analysis draws on data from a longitudinal population-based experiment ( N = 2,716), in which participants were randomly assigned to view health news stories and social media posts that either did or did not feature conflicting information, and subsequently exposed to ads from existing health campaigns about behaviors for which there is scientific consensus. Structural equation modeling was used to test study hypotheses. Results Neither lower trust in news media nor higher research literacy protected against carryover effects, as effects were observed across levels of both trust and literacy. Although level of research literacy did not affect whether carryover effects were observed, it did shape how those effects emerged. Conclusion The public, regardless of their level of trust in news media or research literacy, is vulnerable to the downstream effects of exposure to conflicting health information. Targeted health communication interventions are needed to improve messaging about evolving science and, in turn, increase receptivity to public health recommendations.
Functional outcomes of elbow injuries managed according to the Wrightington classification of elbow fracture-dislocations
Authors: Hamoodi Zaid , Singh Jagwant , Elvey Michael H , Watts Adam C 
Published: July 2022

Background This study aims to review the functional outcomes of patients managed by the application of the Wrightington elbow fracture-dislocation classification system and its corresponding management algorithms. Methods This is a retrospective consecutive case series of patients over the age of 16 with an elbow fracture-dislocation managed according to the Wrightington classification. The primary outcome was the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) at the last follow-up. Range of movement (ROM) and complications were collected as a secondary outcome. Results Sixty patients qualified for inclusion (32 female, 28 male) with a mean age of 48 years (19–84). Fifty-eight (97%) patients completed a minimum of three months follow-up. Mean follow-up was six months (3–18). The median MEPS at the final follow-up was 100 (interquartile range [IQR] 85–100) and median ROM of 123° (IQR 101–130) degrees. Four patients underwent secondary surgery and had improved outcomes with the average MEPS score improving from 65 to 94 following the second surgery. Conclusions The results of this study show that good outcomes can be achieved for complex elbow fracture-dislocations through pattern recognition and management with an anatomically based reconstruction algorithm as described by the Wrightington classification system.
Implant Survival in Tissue-Engineered Mandibular Reconstruction—Early Experiences
Authors: Mañón Victoria A. , Oda Nicholas , Boudreaux Emeric , Tran Huy , Young Simon , Melville James C. 
Published: July 2022

Study Design This article is to evaluate the early outcomes of dental implants placed in bone generated with tissueengineering techniques, specifically recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), allogeneicbone particulate, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in patients with resection of benignpathology. Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis of dental implants placed in tissue engineered mandibular reconstruction. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 12 patient records, all of whom underwent segmental mandibular resection of benign pathology and reconstruction with a combination of BMAC, rhBMP-2, and allogeneic bone. Collecteddata points included the patient's age, gender, medical and social histories, implant site and placement date, resection/reconstruction date, final prosthesis, pathology resected, and follow-up dates (average 25 monthsof follow-up). Implant success was defined as clinical osseointegration (immobility), absence of peri-implantradiolucency, and absence of infection. Results Twelve patients met inclusion criteria with a total of 46 implants. The overall implant survival rate was 91.3%. There were 4 implant failures occurring in two patients: 1 failure in Patient 3 and 3 failures in Patient 8. Neitherpatient had any existing medical comorbidities or social history known to increase the risk for implant failure. The average implant placement occurred 11.6 months after mandibular reconstruction. Conclusions Preliminary findings of implant placement in bone generated with tissue engineering techniques have shown to be another predictable alternative for orofacial rehabilitation. Practical Implications: Dental rehabilitationusing dental implants is a predictable treatment option for patients that have required reconstruction of largebony defects status post resection of benign pathology using novel tissue engineering techniques.
Could chlorophyllins improve the safety profile of beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine versus N-hydroxycytidine, the active ingredient of the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral molnupiravir?
Authors: Clark Nicole F. , Taylor-Robinson Andrew W. , Heimann Kirsten 
Published: July 2022

Plain Language Summary Could natural plant pigment (chlorophyll) derivatives (chlorophyllins) improve the safety of the antiviral Molnupiravir, used to treat COVID-19 disease? Molnupiravir, a specific SARS-CoV-2 antiviral, may cause adverse genetic changes and thereby create potential host cell damage (through genotoxicity and DNA stressors). In our opinion, this side effect of treatment could be reduced if the antiviral was taken as a combined therapy with chlorophyllins. Specifically, we hypothesise that chlorophyllins might improve the overall effectiveness of molnupiravir, typically used to treat patients suffering from COVID-19. Chlorophyllins, antioxidants derived from natural plant chlorophyll, are safe, effective and non-toxic antioxidants that could combat possible genotoxic flow-on effects of molnupiravir. In addition, as they possess antiviral properties, treatment with chlorophyllins may enhance the overall antiviral effect via a mechanism different to molnupiravir.
Observer performance evaluation of the feasibility of a deep learning model to detect cardiomegaly on chest radiographs
Authors: Ajmera Pranav , Kharat Amit , Gupte Tanveer , Pant Richa , Kulkarni Viraj , Duddalwar Vinay , Lamghare Purnachandra 
Published: July 2022

Background Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is the ratio of the diameter of the heart to the diameter of the thorax. An abnormal CTR (>0.55) is often an indicator of an underlying pathological condition. The accurate prediction of an abnormal CTR chest X-rays (CXRs) aids in the early diagnosis of clinical conditions. Purpose We propose a deep learning (DL)-based model for automatic CTR calculation to assist radiologists with rapid diagnosis of cardiomegaly and thus optimise the radiology flow. Material and Methods The study population included 1012 posteroanterior CXRs from a single institution. The Attention U-Net DL architecture was used for the automatic calculation of CTR. An observer performance test was conducted to assess the radiologist’s performance in diagnosing cardiomegaly with and without artificial intelligence assistance. Results U-Net model exhibited a sensitivity of 0.80 [95% CI: 0.75, 0.85], specificity >99%, precision of 0.99 [95% CI: 0.98, 1], and a F1 score of 0.88 [95% CI: 0.85, 0.91]. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the reviewing radiologist in identifying cardiomegaly increased from 40.50% to 88.4% when aided by the AI-generated CTR. Conclusion Our segmentation-based AI model demonstrated high specificity (>99%) and sensitivity (80%) for CTR calculation. The performance of the radiologist on the observer performance test improved significantly with provision of AI assistance. A DL-based segmentation model for rapid quantification of CTR can therefore have significant potential to be used in clinical workflows by reducing radiologists’ burden and alerting to an abnormal enlarged heart early on.
Exploring Prospective Classroom Teacher Question Types for Productive Classroom Dialogue
Authors: Soysal Yilmaz , Soysal Somayyeh 
Published: July 2022

Purpose This study explores prospective classroom teacher (PCT) question types and their role in initiating productive student-led talk. Design/Approach/Methods This study is a naturalistic inquiry focusing on the structure, nature, and productivity of PCT questions using data collected from 24 fourth-grade (exit-level) PCTs. Video-based data were analyzed via systematic observation. Findings This study identified nine types of teacher questions. Of these, six types—namely, communicating, monitoring-framing, critiquing, legitimating, evidencing, and modeling—were explicitly related to productive classroom talk indicators. While the remaining three question types—observe-compare-predict, concluding and naming, and maintaining—contributed to the variation in PCT questions, they were not directly linked to the indicators of talk productivity. Moreover, the critiquing, legitimating, and modeling questions expected to foster talk productivity were seldom asked, with classroom discourse dominated by communicating questions. Originality/Value The literature has yet to observe and systematically analyze the productivity of PCTs’ in-class questions. In addressing this gap, this study presents a wide-ranging and qualitatively oriented coding catalogue to identify several aspects of academically productive classroom discourse that can be triggered and maintained by PCTs’ questioning behaviors.
Association Between Early Postoperative Graft Signal Intensity and Residual Knee Laxity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Chiba Daisuke , Yamamoto Yuji , Kimura Yuka , Sasaki Eiji , Sasaki Shizuka , Tsuda Eiichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2022

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) graft signal intensity is associated with graft damage after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, little is known about the relationship between graft signal intensity and residual laxity of the reconstructed knee based on patient age. Purpose/Hypothesis: To evaluate the relationship between graft signal intensity and residual laxity in younger and older patients who underwent ACLR. We hypothesized that higher graft signal intensity would be associated with reduced postoperative knee stability. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 192 patients who underwent double-bundle ACLR were recruited. Proton density–weighted and T2-weighted MRI was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles was measured as the graft signal intensity reference values. At 12 months after surgery, if the KT-1000 arthrometer measurement exhibited a side-to-side difference of ≥2 mm, the patient was determined as having anterior knee laxity. Rotatory knee laxity was defined as a positive pivot shift with International Knee Documentation Committee grade ≥1. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the SIR in patients with and without residual laxity. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between demographic parameters and the SIR. Based on receiver operating characteristic curves, the optimal SIR cutoff values to predict residual laxity were calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: Of 192 patients, 26 (13.5%) had anterior knee laxity, and 20 (10.4%) had rotatory knee laxity. The SIR was negatively correlated with age. In younger patients (<30 years; n = 135), those with residual laxity had a significantly higher SIR than those without laxity; this relationship was not significant in older patients (≥30 years; n = 57). Based on receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analysis, the cutoff values that were determined for the SIR were significantly associated with a higher odds ratio of residual laxity. Conclusion: Graft signal intensity decreased with patient age. Patients with higher graft signal intensity in the early postoperative phase after ACLR exhibited a higher prevalence of residual laxity, particularly in younger patients.
Examining the Impact of Community Sponsorship on Early Refugee Labor Market Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Crane Linn Emily 
Published: July 2022

As the number of refugees in need of resettlement continues to climb worldwide, advocates and policy makers are searching for ways to leverage new support from private individuals, faith groups, and community organizations to complement and extend the capacity of traditional government resettlement programs. The United States is one of many countries considering the possibility of a “private sponsorship” model, which would allow private individuals and community groups to resettle refugees independent of traditional government resettlement agencies. While this particular resettlement model has not been implemented in the United States in more than four decades, the country has a long history of community involvement in refugee resettlement. Many resettlement agencies operate vibrant community sponsorship (or co-sponsorship) programs, 1 in which community groups partner with resettlement agencies in delivering services and material support to refugees. However, due to a lack of publicly available data, the impact of this co-sponsorship model has been woefully understudied. This paper offers a preliminary exploration of community sponsorship and its impact on early refugee labor market outcomes. Using administrative data from the Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service (LIRS), this paper finds that: Refugees with community sponsors have higher English language enrollment rates 90 days after arrival than refugees without sponsors. Refugees with community sponsors who are enrolled in an early employment program known as Matching Grant have higher rates of employment and of full-time employment 180 days after arrival than those enrolled in Matching Grant who do not have sponsors. Community sponsorship is especially beneficial for refugees with low levels of English language proficiency and lack of family ties in their location of resettlement, as well as refugees resettling in areas with higher unemployment. This paper also identifies and recommends several areas for further study, including: The variation of existing community sponsorship models in use across the United States and their impacts on refugee integration outcomes locally. The impact of community sponsorship on integration indicators, in addition to early labor market outcomes.
Early Radiographic Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Chevron Bunionectomy Compared to the Modified Lapidus Procedure
Authors: Cody Elizabeth A. , Caolo Kristin , Ellis Scott J. , Johnson A. Holly 
Published: July 2022

Background: Minimally invasive (MIS) bunion surgery has become increasingly popular. Although early reports on outcomes have been encouraging, no study to date has compared outcomes from the MIS chevron and Akin procedures to the modified Lapidus procedure. Our primary aim was to compare early radiographic outcomes of the MIS chevron and Akin osteotomies to those of the modified Lapidus procedure in patients with comparable deformities, and secondarily to compare clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients were retrospectively reviewed for inclusion from a prospectively collected foot and ankle registry. Patients were eligible if they underwent either the MIS bunionectomy or modified Lapidus procedure and had preoperative and minimum 5-month postoperative weightbearing radiographs. Forty-one patients who underwent MIS bunionectomy were matched to 41 patients who underwent Lapidus bunionectomy based on radiographic parameters. Demographics, radiographic parameters, complications, reoperations, and PROMIS scores were compared between groups. Results: Both groups achieved similar radiographic correction. There was no significant difference in pre- or postoperative PROMIS scores between groups. Procedure duration was significantly faster in the MIS group ( P < .001). Bunion recurrence (hallux valgus angle ≥20 degrees) occurred in 1 MIS patient and 2 Lapidus patients, with all patients asymptomatic. The most common reason for reoperation was removal of hardware (4 patients in the MIS group, 2 patients in the Lapidus group). Conclusion: This is the first study to our knowledge to compare early radiographic outcomes between MIS bunionectomy and the modified Lapidus procedure in patients matched for bunion severity. We found that patients with similar preoperative deformities experience similar radiographic correction following MIS chevron and Akin osteotomies vs modified Lapidus bunionectomy. Further research is needed to investigate satisfaction differences between the procedures, longer-term outcomes, and which deformities are best suited to each procedure. Level of Evidence: Level III, Retrospective case control study.
Secondary Koro Presenting as Delusional Disorder: A Case Series
Authors: Chakraborty Avik , Bhattacharjee Debanjan , Bandyopadhyay Ujjwal 
Published: July 2022

Koro, a culture-bound syndrome originating from Southeast Asia is characterized by a perception of acute retraction of the penis, accompanied by an acute panic-like reaction of impending danger or death. Koro-like symptoms are considered variants of classical Koro syndrome and differ from it phenomenologically. We described here a case series of secondary Koro, presenting as a delusional disorder who remitted on treatment with antipsychotics and maintained the improvement on follow-up. It is important to differentiate between classical Koro with Koro-like syndrome, with exploration of any delusional core during clinical assessment for better categorization and management.
Kaznakhtite, Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16⋅4H2O, a new natural layered double hydroxide, the member of the hydrotalcite supergroup
Authors: Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Britvin Sergey N. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Škoda Radek , Göttlicher Jörg , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Pekov Igor V. , Levitskiy Victor V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKaznakhtite, ideally Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16⋅4H2O, is a new member of the hydrotalcite group within the hydrotalcite supergroup. The mineral was discovered at the Kaznakhtinskiy ultrabasic massif, Altai Republic, SW Siberia, Russia. It occurs as powdery aggregates forming flattened lenses up to 1.5 × 0.5 cm and veinlets up to 1 cm long and up to 1 mm thick in aggregates of chrysotile, lizardite, stichtite and dolomite. Other associated minerals include brucite, chromite, heazlewoodite, manganochromite, magnetite and magnesioferrite. Kaznakhtite aggregates are composed of tiny platy grains up to 0.01 mm across. Kaznakhtite is light green and translucent in aggregates. It has an earthy lustre and white streak. Cleavage is micaceous on {001}. Dcalc = 2.864 g cm–3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (–) with ɛ = 1.657(3) and ω = 1.676(3), and weakly pleochroic in greenish hues, ω > ɛ. Chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe, Co valence state determined by XANES spectroscopy, CO2 and H2O calculated by stoichiometry) is: MgO 2.15, NiO 47.40, ZnO 0.22, Al2O3 0.16, Cr2O3 0.98, Co2O3 17.42, Cl 0.63, CO2 5.05, H2O 24.60, –O=Cl –0.14, total 98.47. The empirical formula calculated based on the sum of all metal cations = 8 apfu is (Ni5.54Mg0.47Zn0.02)Σ6.03(Co3+1.83Cr0.11Al0.03)Σ1.97C1.00O2.99(OH)15.84Cl0.16⋅4H2O. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of CO32– anions, OH– groups and H2O molecules. The crystal structure was refined by the Rietveld method with RB = 0.19%. Kaznakhtite is trigonal, space group R͞3m, a = 3.0515 (3), c = 23.180 (3) Å, V = 186.93 (4) Å3 and Z = 3/8. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 7.72 (100) (003); 3.863 (24) (006); 2.630 (4) (101); 2.576 (10) (012); 2.294 (6) (015); 1.950 (4) (018); 1.526 (4) (110); and 1.497 (4) (113). Kaznakhtite is a Co3+ analogue of reevesite, Ni6Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)16⋅4H2O. The mineral is named after its type locality.
Framework for connecting the mobility challenges in low density areas to smart mobility solutions: the case study of Estonian municipalities
Authors: Agriesti Serio Angelo Maria , Soe Ralf-Martin , Saif Muhammad Atiullah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInnovation in mobility is proceeding at fast pace, the future disrupting technologies ranging from automation and connectivity to micro-mobility and electric propulsion. This research effort is justified by the impressive array of challenges that urban centres will face in the following decades, such as ageing population, urbanization and pollution. It is therefore understandable why the concept of Smart City is being researched and the major cities around the world are already carrying out trials for Smart Mobility Solutions. Still this trend, as many others, is not evenly spread but follows the urban/rural divide characterizing many of the current socio-economical phenomena. This paper, following the principles of responsible innovation, tries to build the case for a renewed research effort about smart mobility in low density areas. This is accomplished by presenting the results of a wide surveying effort across Estonian municipalities, focusing on the outputs from rural and small suburban centres. The results report what are the main mobility challenges across the region and what hindering factors are preventing envisioned solutions. Finally, the paper ties the identified mobility challenges to available Smart Mobility Solutions that arose from the surveying activity and from literature, assessing both feasibility and transferability.
Cold exposure induces lipid dynamics and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of goats
Authors: Liu Xin , Tang Jing , Zhang Runan , Zhan Siyuan , Zhong Tao , Guo Jiazhong , Wang Yan , Cao Jiaxue , Li Li , Zhang Hongping , Wang Linjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Adaptive thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important to the maintenance of temperature in newborn mammals. Cold exposure activates gene expression and lipid metabolism to provide energy for BAT thermogenesis. However, knowledge of BAT metabolism in large animals after cold exposure is still limited.

Results
In this study, we found that cold exposure induced expression of BAT thermogenesis genes and increased the protein levels of UCP1 and PGC1α. Pathway analysis showed that cold exposure activated BAT metabolism, which involved in cGMP-PKG, TCA cycle, fatty acid elongation, and degradation pathways. These were accompanied by decreased triglyceride (TG) content and increased phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content in BAT.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that cold exposure induces metabolites involved in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids metabolism in BAT. The present study provides evidence for lipid composition associated with adaptive thermogenesis in goat BAT and metabolism pathways regulated by cold exposure.