bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected near-term changes in monsoon precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia in the HighResMIP multi-model ensembles
Authors: Liang Ju , Tan Mou Leong , Catto Jennifer L. , Hawcroft Matthew K. , Hodges Kevin I. , Haywood James M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChanges in the monsoon season rainfall over Peninsular Malaysia by the mid-21st century are examined using multi-model ensemble data from the CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments. We examine simulations of the present and future climate simulations run under a high emission scenario of greenhouse gases from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5-8.5). The combined effects of horizontal and vertical resolutions on the projected changes in monsoon rainfall and associated environmental fields are investigated by comparing the ensemble mean of the projected changes utilizing appropriate multi-model groupings. The results indicate a projected decrease (by up to 11% near Mersing of eastern Johor, for the period 2031–2050 relative to 1981–2000) in monsoon precipitation along the southeastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the northeast monsoon season associated with the projected weakening of the monsoon flow during boreal winter. For the northwestern regions (e.g. Perak) often affected by severe floods, a significant increase in precipitation (by up to 33%) is projected during the southwest monsoon season, partly driven by the projected strengthening of the cross-equatorial flow and the weakened low-level anti-cyclonic shear of winds in boreal summer. However, the magnitudes and signal-to-noise ratios of the projected changes vary considerably with respect to different horizontal and vertical resolutions. Firstly, models with relatively high horizontal and vertical resolutions project a more significant decrease in precipitation during the northeast monsoon season. Secondly, for the southwest monsoon season, models with relatively high horizontal resolutions project larger magnitudes of increases in precipitation over the northern region, while smaller increases are found in simulations with relatively high vertical resolutions. Generally, reduced ensemble spread and increased signal-to-noise ratios are found in simulations at higher horizontal and vertical resolutions, suggesting increased confidence in model projections with increased model resolution.
Ovarian torsion in the pediatric population: predictive factors for ovarian-sparing surgery—an international retrospective multicenter study and a systematic review
Authors: Spinelli Claudio , Tröbs Ralf-Bodo , Nissen Matthias , Strambi Silvia , Ghionzoli Marco , Bertocchini Alessia , Cagnetta Domass Valentina , Sanna Beatrice , Morganti Riccardo , Molinaro Francesco , Messina Mario , Tursini Stefano , Briganti Vito , Gennari Fabrizio , Lisi Gabriele , Lelli Chiesa Pierluigi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Study objective
Ovarian torsion (OT) in pediatric age is a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. To date, there is still no clear consensus about its management. Our aim was to assess some possible associated factors that can help surgeons in decision-making.

Design
We conducted a retrospective multicentric study of pediatric OT surgically treated between 2010 and 2020 in six Italian and German institutions, comparing our findings with a literature review of the last 10 years (2010–2020).

Participants
Patients aged 0–18 years with a diagnosis of OT intraoperatively confirmed and surgically treated at the involved institutions.

Results
Ninety-seven patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 8.37 years were enrolled in the study. Severe abdominal pain was present in 82 patients (84.5%). Eighty children (82.5%) presented an enlarged ovary with an US diameter > 5 cm and only 32 (40%) of them underwent conservative surgery. A laparoscopic approach was performed in 60 cases (61.9%) although in 15 (15.5%) conversion to open surgery was deemed necessary. A functional cyst was present in 49 patients (50.5%) while 11 children (11.3%) suffered from OT on a normal ovary.

Conclusions
Our results showed that a post-menarchal age (p = .001), a pre-operative US ovarian size < 5 cm, (p = .001), the presence of severe abdominal pain (p = .002), a laparoscopic approach (p < .001), and the presence of a functional cyst (p = .002) were significantly associated with conservative surgery.
Effects of acute intermittent hypoxia on corticospinal excitability within the primary motor cortex
Authors: Radia Shivani , Vallence Ann-Maree , Fujiyama Hakuei , Fitzpatrick Rose , Etherington Sarah , Scott Brendan R. , Girard Olivier 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) is a safe and non-invasive treatment approach that uses brief, repetitive periods of breathing reduced oxygen air alternated with normoxia. While AIH is known to affect spinal circuit excitability, the effects of AIH on cortical excitability remain largely unknown. We investigated the effects of AIH on cortical excitability within the primary motor cortex.

Methods
Eleven healthy, right-handed participants completed two testing sessions: (1) AIH (comprising 3 min in hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen ~ 10%] and 2 min in normoxia repeated over five cycles) and (2) normoxia (NOR) (equivalent duration to AIH). Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulations were delivered to the primary motor cortex, before and 0, 25, and 50 min after AIH and normoxia.

Results
The mean nadir in arterial oxygen saturation was lower (p < 0.001) during the cycles of AIH (82.5 ± 4.9%) than NOR (97.8 ± 0.6%). There was no significant difference in corticospinal excitability, intracortical facilitation, or intracortical inhibition between AIH and normoxia conditions at any time point (all p > 0.05). There was no association between arterial oxygen saturation and changes in corticospinal excitability after AIH (r = 0.05, p = 0.87).

Conclusion
Overall, AIH did not modify either corticospinal excitability or excitability of intracortical facilitatory and inhibitory circuits within the primary motor cortex. Future research should explore whether a more severe or individualised AIH dose would induce consistent, measurable changes in corticospinal excitability.
Post-execution monitoring in dishonesty
Authors: Foerster Anna , Pfister Roland , Wirth Robert , Kunde Wilfried 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen telling a lie, humans might engage in stronger monitoring of their behavior than when telling the truth. Initial evidence has indeed pointed towards a stronger recruitment of capacity-limited monitoring processes in dishonest than honest responding, conceivably resulting from the necessity to overcome automatic tendencies to respond honestly. Previous results suggested monitoring to be confined to response execution, however, whereas the current study goes beyond these findings by specifically probing for post-execution monitoring. Participants responded (dis)honestly to simple yes/no questions in a first task and switched to an unrelated second task after a response–stimulus interval of 0 ms or 1000 ms. Dishonest responses did not only prolong response times in Task 1, but also in Task 2 with a short response–stimulus interval. These findings support the assumption that increased monitoring for dishonest responses extends beyond mere response execution, a mechanism that is possibly tuned to assess the successful completion of a dishonest act.
Apalutamide and autophagy inhibition in a xenograft mouse model of human prostate cancer
Authors: Eberli Daniel , Kranzbühler Benedikt , Prause Lukas , Baumgartner Valentin , Preda Sheryl , Sousa Rosa , Lehner Fabienne , Salemi Souzan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Apalutamide (APA) is a next-generation androgen receptor antagonist for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. We have previously shown that upregulation of autophagy is one of the mechanisms by which prostate cancer (PC) cells survive APA anti-tumor treatment in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of the autophagic response to APA treatment, alone and in combination with autophagy inhibition, in an in vivo model.

Methods
Tumor cells were injected into previously castrated nude mice. Four groups of mice bearing LNCaP xenografts were treated with daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of vehicle (control), APA (10 mg/kg), APA (10 mg/kg) + Chl (Chloroquine, 10 mg/kg) or Chl (10 mg/kg). The animals of each treatment group (3/treatment) were kept for the duration of 2 and 3 weeks. At the end of the experiments, the animals were sacrificed and all samples assessed for tumor weight and size, histological analysis, immunoblotting (WES) and immunofluorescence.

Results
The tumor weight was significantly reduced in mice treated with APA + Chl (203.2 ± 5.0, SEM, P = 0.0066) compared to vehicle control (380.4 ± 37.0). Importantly, the combined treatment showed a higher impact on tumor weight than APA (320.4 ± 45.5) or Chl (337.9 ± 35) alone. The mice treated with the combination of APA + Chl exhibited a reduced expression of ATG5 (autophagy-related five protein), Beclin 1 and LC3 punctuations and an increase in P62 as visualized by immunofluorescence and WES. In addition, Ki-67 nuclear staining was detected in all samples however reduced in APA + Chl (58%) compared to vehicle control (100%). The reduction in Ki-67 protein was associated with an increase in caspase 3 and endothelial CD31 protein expression.

Conclusion
These data demonstrate that a treatment with APA + Chl leads to reduced autophagy levels and to tumor suppression compared to the APA monotherapy. Hence, the increased antitumor effect of APA in combination with autophagy inhibitors might provide a new therapeutic approach potentially translatable to patients.
Expression pattern and prognostic potential of histamine receptors in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Kraus Fabian B. T. , Topalov Nicole E. , Deuster E. , Hysenaj I. , Mayr D. , Chelariu-Raicu A. , Beyer S. , Kolben T. , Burges A. , Mahner S. , Trillsch F. , Jeschke U. , Czogalla B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeDespite recent advances in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC), long-term remissions remain scarce. For a targeted approach, prognostic markers are indispensable for predicting survival and treatment response. Given their association with multiple hallmarks of cancer, histamine receptors (HR) are emerging as promising candidates. Here, we investigate their expression pattern and prognostic value in OC.MethodsSpecimens of 156 epithelial OC patients were collected during cytoreductive surgery at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU, between 1990 and 2002 and combined in a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining of the HR H1, H2, H3 and H4 was quantified by an immunoreactive score and linked with clinico-pathological data by Spearman’s correlation. Via ROC curve analysis, optimal cut-off values for potential prognostic markers were defined. Overall survival (OS) was visualized in Kaplan–Maier curves and significances determined by log-rank testing. A Cox regression model was applied for multivariate analysis.ResultsHR H3 and H4 expression was restricted to the cytosol of OC cells, while H1 was also present in the nucleus. A significant association between HR H1, H3 and H4 expression with several clinico-pathological parameters was revealed. In addition, HR H1 and H3 expression correlated positively, HR H4 expression negatively with OS. In addition, HR H3 was identified as independent prognostic marker for OS. HR H2 expression had no prognostic value.ConclusionsHR H1, H3 and H4 could serve as potential predictors for OS of OC patients. Further research is warranted to elucidate their pathophysiologic role and their predictive and therapeutic potential in OC.
Joint Transformer and Multi-scale CNN for DCE-MRI Breast Cancer Segmentation
Authors: Qin Chuanbo , Wu Yujie , Zeng Junying , Tian Lianfang , Zhai Yikui , Li Fang , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutomatic segmentation of breast cancer lesions in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is challenged by low accuracy of delineation of the infiltration area, variable structure and shapes, large intensity heterogeneity changes, and low boundary contrast. This study constructed a two-stage breast cancer image segmentation framework and proposes a novel breast cancer lesion segmentation model (TR-IMUnet). The benchmark U-Net network model enables a rough delineation of the breast area in the acquired images and eliminates the influence of unrelated tissues (chest muscle, fat, and heart) on breast tumor segmentation. Based on the extracted results of the region of interest, the rectified linear unit (ReLU) function of the encoding–decoding structure in the model was replaced by an improved ReLU function to reserve and adjust the data dynamically according to input information. The segmentation accuracy of breast cancer lesions was improved by embedding a multi-scale fusion block and a transformer module in the coding path of the model, thereby obtaining multi-scale and global attention information. The experimental results showed that the breast tumor segmentation indexes Dice coefficient (Dice), Intersection over Union (IoU), Sensitivity (SEN), and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) increased by 4.27, 5.21, 3.37, and 3.68%, respectively, relative to the U-Net reference model. The proposed model improves the segmentation results of breast cancer lesions and reduces small area mis-segmentation and calcification segmentation.
A layer-level multi-scale architecture for lung cancer classification with fluorescence lifetime imaging endomicroscopy
Authors: Wang Qiang , Hopgood James R. , Fernandes Susan , Finlayson Neil , Williams Gareth O. S. , Akram Ahsan R. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Vallejo Marta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce our unique dataset of fluorescence lifetime imaging endo/microscopy (FLIM), containing over 100,000 different FLIM images collected from 18 pairs of cancer/non-cancer human lung tissues of 18 patients by our custom fibre-based FLIM system. The aim of providing this dataset is that more researchers from relevant fields can push forward this particular area of research. Afterwards, we describe the best practice of image post-processing suitable per the dataset. In addition, we propose a novel hierarchically aggregated multi-scale architecture to improve the binary classification performance of classic CNNs. The proposed model integrates the advantages of multi-scale feature extraction at different levels, where layer-wise global information is aggregated with branch-wise local information. We integrate the proposal, namely ResNetZ, into ResNet, and appraise it on the FLIM dataset. Since ResNetZ can be configured with a shortcut connection and the aggregations by Addition or Concatenation, we first evaluate the impact of different configurations on the performance. We thoroughly examine various ResNetZ variants to demonstrate the superiority. We also compare our model with a feature-level multi-scale model to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of multi-scale architectures at different levels.
Gastric cancer and genomics: review of literature
Authors: Onoyama Takumi , Ishikawa Shumpei , Isomoto Hajime 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a major health concern in many countries. GC is a heterogeneous disease stratified by histopathological differences. However, these variations are not used to determine GC management. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have become widely used, and cancer genomic analysis has recently revealed the relationships between various malignant tumors and genomic information. In 2014, studies using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for GC revealed the entire structure of GC genomics. Genomics with NGS has been used to identify new therapeutic targets for GC. Moreover, personalized medicine to provide specific therapy for targets based on multiplex gene panel testing of tumor tissues has become of clinical use. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used for GC treatment; however, their response rates are limited. To predict the anti-tumor effects of ICIs for GC and to select patients suitable for ICI treatment, genomics also provides informative data not only of tumors but also of tumor microenvironments, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In therapeutic strategies for unresectable or recurrent malignant tumors, the target is not only the primary lesion but also metastatic lesions, and metastatic lesions are often resistant to chemotherapy. Unlike colorectal carcinoma, there is a heterogeneous status of genetic variants between the primary and metastatic lesions in GC. Liquid biopsy analysis is also helpful for predicting the genomic status of both primary and metastatic lesions. Genomics has become an indispensable tool for GC treatment and is expected to be further developed in the future.
Genetic landscape of early-onset dementia in Hungary
Authors: Csaban Dora , Illes Anett , Renata Toth-Bencsik , Balicza Peter , Pentelenyi Klara , Molnar Viktor , Gezsi Andras , Grosz Zoltan , Gal Aniko , Kovacs Tibor , Klivenyi Peter , Molnar Maria Judit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Early-onset dementias (EOD) are predominantly genetically determined, but the underlying disease-causing alterations are often unknown. The most frequent forms of EODs are early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Patients
This study included 120 Hungarian patients with EOD (48 familial and 72 sporadic) which had a diagnosis of EOAD (n = 49), FTD (n = 49), or atypical dementia (n = 22).

Results
Monogenic dementia was detected in 15.8% of the patients. A pathogenic hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene was present in 6.7% of cases and disease-causing variants were detected in other known AD or FTD genes in 6.7% of cases (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, GRN). A compound heterozygous alteration of the TREM2 gene was identified in one patient and heterozygous damaging variants in the CSF1R and PRNP genes were detected in two other cases. In two patients, the coexistence of several heterozygous damaging rare variants associated with neurodegeneration was detected (1.7%). The APOE genotype had a high odds ratio for both the APOE ɛ4/3 and the ɛ4/4 genotype (OR = 2.7 (95%CI = 1.3–5.9) and OR = 6.5 (95%CI = 1.4–29.2), respectively). In TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7 genes, 5 different rare damaging variants were detected as genetic risk factors. These alterations were not present in the control group.

Conclusion
Based on our observations, a comprehensive, targeted panel of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing investigating several neurodegeneration-associated genes may accelerate the path to achieve the proper genetic diagnosis since phenotypes are present on a spectrum. This can also reveal hidden correlations and overlaps in neurodegenerative diseases that would remain concealed in separated genetic testing.
Divide and conquer: the engineering of delegation
Authors: Settepanella Simona , Amendola Gennaro , Marengo Luigi , Minto Connor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMembers of an organization have conflicting preferences. Principal-agent theory analyzes how and under which conditions this conflict can be resolved by means of incentives. In this paper we discuss an alternative to incentives: the engineering of delegation. The principal can divide the organizational decision making problem into subproblems and appropriately delegate different subproblems to different agents, letting them free to act according to their individual preferences. We introduce a formal model which analyzes whether and under which conditions the principal can in this way obtain the decisions she prefers without manipulating incentives nor using authority to overrule what agents autonomously decide.
Behavioral Crisis and First Response: Qualitative Interviews with Chicago Stakeholders
Authors: Murray Conor H. , Contreras Juan L. , Kelly Caroline H. , Padgett Deborah K. , Pollack Harold A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImproving interactions between first responders and individuals experiencing behavioral crisis is a critical public health challenge. To gain insight into these interactions, key informant qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 Chicago stakeholders. Stakeholders included directors and staff of community organizations and shelters that frequently engage first responders. Interviews included granular depictions related to the expectations and outcomes of 911 behavioral crisis calls, and noted areas requiring improved response. Stakeholders called 911 an average of 2 to 3 times per month, most often for assistance related to involuntary hospitalization. Engagements with first responders included unnecessary escalation or coercive tactics, or conversely, refusal of service. While stakeholders lauded the value of police trained through the city’s Crisis Intervention Team program, they emphasized the need for additional response strategies that reduce the role of armed police, and underscored the need for broader social and behavioral health services for individuals at-risk of such crises.
An Integrative Review of Community-Based Mental Health Interventions Among Resettled Refugees from Muslim-Majority Countries
Authors: Siddiq Hafifa , Elhaija Ahmad , Wells Kenneth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResettled refugees from Muslim-majority countries are underrepresented in research and meeting their mental health needs remains a challenge for countries of resettlement. In this integrative review, we synthesize community-based mental health interventions using an ecological framework. Eleven relevant studies were identified using PubMed and PsychInfo database. Most interventions focus on micro-system level factors like promoting integration and social connections suggest improvement of outcomes including depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Studies suggest how mental health programs addressing psychosocial wellbeing improves outcomes across ecological levels through: (1) early screening upon resettlement; (2) education and raising awareness of mental health; and (3) engagement of refugees in local community social support systems. Largely qualitative studies suggest benefits of engagement and education program for refugees, but there is a need for high quality, rigorous mental health intervention studies with resettled refugees with explicit attention to equitable and collaborative partnerships across multiple sectors in the community.
Toward a comprehensive dimensional model of sustainable behaviors
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Lenhausen Madeline R. , Bleidorn Wiebke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study was to identify the underlying latent dimensions that account for variation in sustainable behaviors (SBs) among American adults. Our strategy was to assess all of the SBs sampled in existing measures, as well as a number of other variables relevant to individual differences in SBs, in a community sample (N = 1234). Variation in SBs could be accounted for by four broad dimensions: (1) goods, (2) food, (3) transportation, and (4) engagement. These dimensions were related to a range of criterion variables involving values, attitudes, personality traits, and demographic characteristics. Some potentially important and unique links with outcomes supported the importance of distinguishing the dimensions that underlie SBs. This work provides an evidence-based organizational scheme for SBs in future studies and points to important new directions in research on individual differences in proenvironmental behavior.