bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace formulation for photonic inverse design with incoherent sources
Authors: Yao Wenjie , Verdugo Francesc , Christiansen Rasmus E. , Johnson Steven G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpatially incoherent light sources, such as spontaneously emitting atoms, naively require Maxwell’s equations to be solved many times to obtain the total emission, which becomes computationally intractable in conjunction with large-scale optimization (inverse design). We present a trace formulation of incoherent emission that can be efficiently combined with inverse design, even for topology optimization over thousands of design degrees of freedom. Our formulation includes previous reciprocity-based approaches, limited to a few output channels (e.g., normal emission), as special cases but generalizes to a continuum of emission directions by exploiting the low-rank structure of emission problems. We present several examples of incoherent-emission topology optimization, including tailoring the geometry of fluorescent particles, a periodically emitting surface, and a structure emitting into a waveguide mode, as well as discussing future applications to problems such as Raman sensing and cathodoluminescence.
A web-based decision aid for shared decision making in pelvic organ prolapse: the SHADE-POP trial
Authors: Drost Larissa Esmeralda , Stegeman Marjan , Gerritse Maria B. E. , Franx Arie , Vos M. Caroline ,   On behalf of the SHADE-POP study group, Lamers Romy E. D. , Ezendam Nicole P. M. , Dam Anika , Schrickx Jan , van Wijk Heidy F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Among women worldwide, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common problem. There are three different treatment options for POP: pelvic floor muscle therapy, pessary treatment and prolapse surgery. As none of the three treatment options is clearly superior, shared decision making (SDM) is very important. A decision aid (DA) is known to facilitate patient participation and SDM. We hypothesise that the use of a web-based DA for POP increases patients’ satisfaction with information and care and reduces decisional conflict.

Methods
This two-arm, multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial was performed in women with POP in five different Dutch hospitals. The control group received usual care (UC) and the intervention group received the DA in addition to UC. Primary outcome measures were satisfaction with treatment decision making and satisfaction with information. Analyses were performed using independent sample t tests, Chi-squared tests, and multilevel linear regression analyses.

Results
Between the DA group (n=40) and the UC group (n=56) no differences were found concerning patients’ satisfaction with information, with scores of 45.63 and 46.14 out of 50 respectively (p=0.67). Also, no differences were found concerning the perceived role in decision making, as patients scored 46.83 in the DA group and 46.41 in the UC group, out of a maximum of 54 (n=0.81).

Conclusions
No differences were found concerning patients’ satisfaction with information and treatment decision making between the DA and UC. However, both groups scored high on the questionnaires, which suggests that the decision process is already of high quality.
Quantitative measurement of cartilage morphology in osteoarthritis: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Wirth Wolfgang , Ladel Christoph , Maschek Susanne , Wisser Anna , Eckstein Felix , Roemer Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantitative measures of cartilage morphology (“cartilage morphometry”) extracted from high resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been shown to be sensitive to osteoarthritis (OA)-related change and also to treatment interventions. Cartilage morphometry is therefore nowadays widely used as outcome measure for observational studies and randomized interventional clinical trials. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the current status of cartilage morphometry in OA research, to provide insights into aspects relevant for the design of future studies and clinical trials, and to give an outlook on future developments. It covers the aspects related to the acquisition of MRIs suitable for cartilage morphometry, the analysis techniques needed for deriving quantitative measures from the MRIs, the quality assurance required for providing reliable cartilage measures, and the appropriate participant recruitment criteria for the enrichment of study cohorts with knees likely to show structural progression. Finally, it provides an overview over recent clinical trials that relied on cartilage morphometry as a structural outcome measure for evaluating the efficacy of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOAD).
Determining the Minimum Dataset for Surgical Patients in Africa: A Delphi Study
Authors: Kluyts Hyla‐Louise , Bedwell Gillian J. , Bedada Alemayehu G. , Fadalla Tarig , Hewitt‐Smith Adam , Mbwele Bernard A. , Mrara Busisiwe , Omigbodun Akinyinka , Omoshoro‐Jones Jones , Turton Edwin W. , Belachew Fitsum K. , Chu Kathryn , Cloete Esther , Ekwen Gerald , Elfagieh Mohamed Ahmed , Elfiky Mahmoud , Maimbo Mayaba , Morais Atilio , Mpirimbanyi Christophe , Munlemvo Dolly , Ndarukwa Pisirai , Smalle Isaac , Torborg Alexandra , Ulisubisya Mpoki , Fawzy Maher , Gobin Veekash , Mbeki Motselisi , Ngumi Zipporah , Patel‐Mujajati Ushmaben , Sama Hamza D. , Tumukunde Janat , Antwi‐Kusi Akwasi , Basenaro Apollo , Lamacraft Gillian , Madzimbamuto Farai , Maswime Salome , Msosa Vanessa , Mulwafu Wakisa , Youssouf Coulibaly , Pearse Rupert , Biccard Bruce M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is often difficult for clinicians in African low‐ and middle‐income countries middle‐income countries to access useful aggregated data to identify areas for quality improvement. The aim of this Delphi study was to develop a standardised perioperative dataset for use in a registry.MethodsA Delphi method was followed to achieve consensus on the data points to include in a minimum perioperative dataset. The study consisted of two electronic surveys, followed by an online discussion and a final electronic survey (four Rounds).ResultsForty‐one members of the African Perioperative Research Group participated in the process. Forty data points were deemed important and feasible to include in a minimum dataset for electronic capturing during the perioperative workflow by clinicians. A smaller dataset consisting of eight variables to define risk‐adjusted perioperative mortality rate was also described.ConclusionsThe minimum perioperative dataset can be used in a collaborative effort to establish a resource accessible to African clinicians in improving quality of care.
Radiological assessment and surgical management of cervical spine involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Siempis Timoleon , Tsakiris Charalampos , Anastasia Zikou , Alexiou George A. , Voulgaris Spyridon , Argyropoulou Maria I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present systematic review was to describe the diagnostic evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis in the cervical spine to provide a better understanding of the indications and options of surgical intervention. We performed a literature review of Pub-med, Embase, and Scopus database. Upon implementing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, all eligible articles were identified. A total of 1878 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) were evaluated for cervical spine involvement with plain radiographs. Atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) ranged from 16.4 to 95.7% in plain radiographs while sub-axial subluxation ranged from 10 to 43.6% of cases. Anterior atlantodental interval (AADI) was found to between 2.5 mm and 4.61 mm in neutral and flexion position respectively, while Posterior Atlantodental Interval (PADI) was between 20.4 and 24.92 mm. 660 patients with RA had undergone an MRI. A pannus diagnosis ranged from 13.33 to 85.36% while spinal cord compression was reported in 0–13% of cases. When it comes to surgical outcomes, Atlanto-axial joint (AAJ) fusion success rates ranged from 45.16 to 100% of cases. Furthermore, the incidence of postoperative subluxation ranged from 0 to 77.7%. With regards to AADI it is evident that its value decreased in all studies. Furthermore, an improvement in Ranawat classification was variable between studies with a report improvement frequency by at least one class ranging from 0 to 54.5%. In conclusion, through careful radiographic and clinical evaluation, cervical spine involvement in patients with RA can be detected. Surgery is a valuable option for these patients and can lead to improvement in their symptoms.
High-speed mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy of CO$$_2$$ for shock-induced thermal non-equilibrium studies of planetary entry
Authors: Jelloian Christopher C. , Minesi Nicolas Q. , Spearrin R. Mitchell 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA high-speed laser absorption technique is employed to resolve spectral transitions of CO$$_2$$

2

in the mid-infrared at MHz rates to infer non-equilibrium populations/temperatures of translation, rotation and vibration in shock-heated CO$$_2$$

2

- Ar mixtures. An interband cascade laser (DFB-ICL) resolves 4 transitions within the CO$$_2$$

2

asymmetric stretch fundamental bands ($$\Delta $$
Δ
v$$_3$$

3

= 1) near 4.19 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

. The sensor probes a wide range of rotational energies as well as two vibrational states (00$$^0$$

0

0 and 01$$^1$$

1

0). The sensor is demonstrated on the UCLA high enthalpy shock tube, targeting temperatures between 1250 and 3100 K and sub-atmospheric pressures (up to 0.2 atm). The sensor is sensitive to multiple temperatures over a wide range of conditions relevant to Mars entry radiation. Vibrational relaxation times are resolved and compared to existing models of thermal non-equilibrium. Select conditions highlight the shortcomings of modeling CO$$_2$$

2

non-equilibrium with a single vibrational temperature.
“Hot” vs “Cold” endoscopic stapes surgery: a matched case–control study
Authors: Molinari Giulia , Fernandez Ignacio Javier , Melchiorri Claudio , Reale Marella , Bonali Marco , Presutti Livio , Lotto Cecilia , Lucidi Daniela 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare hearing results and complication rates between two groups of patients operated on by endoscopic stapes surgery (ESS) for otosclerosis, either with CO2 fiber laser or microdrill.

Methods
A case–control study was performed. All consecutive cases of CO2 fiber laser ESS operated at a single center during the period 2017–2020 (case group) were matched to a control group of patients operated by traditional technique, according to year of surgery, preoperative mean air–bone gap, sex and age. Audiological data from preoperative and postoperative examinations and complication rates were compared.

Results
46 cases were included. Mean operative time was significantly longer in the laser cohort (65 min) than in the drill one (45 min) (p = 0.003). Similar results were found in the two groups regarding the mean postoperative BC-PTA. The high-frequency bone conduction resulted significantly higher in the laser group (p = 0.002), suggesting an overclosure effect in the laser group. Consistently, a significant improvement of the BC-PTA threshold at 2000 Hz postoperatively was found in the laser group (p = 0.034). The postoperative AC-PTA significantly improved in both groups at all frequencies (p < 0.05), except for the AC threshold at 8 kHz. Similar rates of complications were found in the two groups.

Conclusion
This study is the first to compare hearing results and complications between CO2 fiber laser and microdrill in ESS. Our results demonstrated similar functional outcomes between the two groups, confirming ESS as safe and effective, regardless of the technique used.
Presepsin levels and COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guarino Matteo , Perna Benedetta , Maritati Martina , Remelli Francesca , Trevisan Caterina , Spampinato Michele Domenico , Costanzini Anna , Volpato Stefano , Contini Carlo , De Giorgio Roberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlasmatic presepsin (PSP) is a novel biomarker reported to be useful for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. During the pandemic, only few studies highlighted a possible correlation between PSP and COVID-19 severity, but results remain inconsistent. The present study aims to establish the correlation between PSP and COVID-19 severity. English-language papers assessing a correlation between COVID-19 and PSP from MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, MeSH, LitCovid NLM, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus and the World Health Organization (WHO) website, published from January 2020 were considered with no publication date limitations. Two independent reviewers performed data abstraction and quality assessment, and one reviewer resolved inconsistencies. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022325971).Fifteen articles met our eligibility criteria. The aggregate study population included 1373 COVID-19 patients who had undergone a PSP assessment. The random-effect meta-analysis was performed in 7 out of 15 selected studies, considering only those reporting the mean PSP levels in low- and high-severity cases (n = 707).The results showed that the pooled mean difference of PSP levels between high- and low-severity COVID-19 patients was 441.70 pg/ml (95%CI: 150.40–732.99 pg/ml).Our data show that presepsin is a promising biomarker that can express COVID-19 severity.
Utilizing Soccer for Delivery of HIV and Substance Use Prevention for Young South African Men: 6-Month Outcomes of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rabie Stephan , Tomlinson Mark , Almirol Ellen , Stewart Jackie , Skiti Zwelibanzi , Weiss Robert E. , Vogel Lodewyk , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractYoung men in South Africa face the intersecting epidemics of HIV, substance use and endemic poverty. We tested the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention using soccer training to reduce the cluster of risks associated with HIV and substance use. This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with men aged 18–29 years old in 27 neighborhoods in the townships of Cape Town, South Africa. Neighborhoods were randomized to receive for 6 months either: (1) Soccer League (SL; n = 18 neighborhoods, n = 778 men) who attended soccer three times weekly (72 sessions; 94% uptake, 45.5% weekly attendance rate), combined with an HIV/substance use, cognitive-behavioral intervention; or (2) a Control Condition (CC; n = 9; 415 men) who received educational materials and referrals at 3 month intervals. The primary outcome was the number of significant changes in a cluster of outcomes including HIV-related risks, substance abuse, employment/income, mental health, violence, and community engagement. There was only one significant difference on the rapid diagnostic tests for mandrax at 6 months, an insufficient number of changes to indicate a successful intervention. A group-based behavioral intervention was ineffective in addressing multiple risk behaviors among at-risk young men, similar to the findings of several recent soccer-related interventions. Early adulthood may be too late to alter well-established patterns of risk behaviors.Clinical Trial Registration This trial was prospectively registered on 24 November 2014 with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02358226.
Pride and guilt as mediators in the relationship between connection to nature and pro-environmental intention
Authors: Pasca Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a result of the environmental issues, different variables have been studied in relation to environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior. Among these are the connection to nature and emotions. In a first study (n = 95), pride and guilt were found to be emotions which can be explained by the perceived environmental impact of those rather than the behavior itself. In a second study, it was observed that pride and guilt play a mediating role in the relationship between connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behavioral intention (n = 244). On the other hand, in the relationship between love for nature and behavioral intention, pride, but not guilt, played a mediating role (n = 253). Thus, the importance of fostering both pride and guilt in attaining higher levels of environmentally conscious behavior, as well as of considering people’s perceptions of the impact of their behaviors on the environment, is highlighted.
The Directed Edge Reinforced Random Walk: The Ant Mill Phenomenon
Authors: Erhard Dirk , Franco Tertuliano , Reis Guilherme 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe define here a directed edge reinforced random walk on a connected locally finite graph. As the name suggests, this walk keeps track of its past, and gives a bias towards directed edges previously crossed proportional to the exponential of the number of crossings. The model is inspired by the so called Ant Mill phenomenon, in which a group of army ants forms a continuously rotating circle until they die of exhaustion. For that reason we refer to the walk defined in this work as the Ant RW. Our main result justifies this name. Namely, we will show that on any finite graph which is not a tree, and on $${\mathbb Z}^d$$

Z

d

with $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

, the Ant RW almost surely gets eventually trapped into some directed circuit which will be followed forever. In the case of $${\mathbb Z}$$
Z
we show that the Ant RW eventually escapes to infinity and satisfies a law of large number with a random limit which we explicitly identify.
Compensatory hemodynamic changes in response to central hypovolemia in humans: lower body negative pressure: updates and perspectives
Authors: Goswami Nandu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCentral hypovolemia is accompanied by hemodynamic compensatory responses. Understanding the complex systemic compensatory responses to altered hemodynamic patterns during conditions of central hypovolemia—as induced by standing up and/or lower body negative pressure (LBNP)—in humans are important. LBNP has been widely used to understand the integrated physiological responses, which occur during sit to stand tests (orthostasis), different levels of hemorrhages (different levels of LBNP simulate different amount of blood loss) as well as a countermeasure against the cephalad fluid shifts which are seen during spaceflight. Additionally, LBNP application (used singly or together with head up tilt, HUT) is useful in understanding the physiology of orthostatic intolerance. The role seasonal variations in hormonal, autonomic and circulatory state play in LBNP-induced hemodynamic responses and LBNP tolerance as well as sex-based differences during central hypovolemia and the adaptations to exercise training have been investigated using LBNP. The data generated from LBNP studies have been useful in developing better models for prediction of orthostatic tolerance and/or for developing countermeasures. This review examines how LBNP application influences coagulatory parameters and outlines the effects of temperature changes on LBNP responses. Finally, the review outlines how LBNP can be used as innovative teaching tool and for developing research capacities and interests of medical students and students from other disciplines such as mathematics and computational biology.
Heterogeneity of quality of life in the later stages of first-episode psychosis recovery
Authors: Clarke E. L. , Allott K. , Anderson J. F. I. , Gao C. X. , Filia K. M. , Killackey E. , Cotton S. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
First-episode psychosis (FEP) is characterised by wide heterogeneity in terms of symptom presentation and illness course. However, the heterogeneity of quality of life (QoL) in FEP is not well understood. We investigated whether subgroups can be identified using participants' responses on four QoL domains (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environmental) 18-months into the recovery phase of FEP. We then examined the discriminant validity of these subgroups with respect to clinical, cognitive, and functioning features of FEP.

Method
Demographic and clinical characteristics, QoL, cognition, and functioning were assessed in 100 people with FEP at the 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of Individual Placement Support, which aims to facilitate vocational recovery. QoL was measured using the World Health Organisation’s QoL-BRIEF. A two-stage clustering approach using Ward’s method and Squared Euclidean Distance with a k-means confirmation was conducted. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to establish external validity.

Results
Three QoL subgroups emerged: a ‘good’ subgroup with relatively high QoL across all domains (31%), an ‘intermediate’ subgroup with relatively low psychological QoL (48%) and a ‘poor’ subgroup with markedly low social relationship QoL (21%). Negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, social/occupational functioning, and social inclusion at follow-up predicted subgroup membership. Sensitivity analysis found similar results.

Conclusion
Although some individuals with FEP have QoL comparable to individuals without mental ill health, QoL can remain concerningly low despite treatment efforts. Future research on interventions that target factors associated with poor QoL, such as low social inclusion, is required to counteract prolonged poor QoL in FEP.
Copper, lead and zinc interactions during phytoextraction using Acer platanoides L.—a pot trial
Authors: Mleczek Mirosław , Budka Anna , Gąsecka Monika , Budzyńska Sylwia , Drzewiecka Kinga , Magdziak Zuzanna , Rutkowski Paweł , Goliński Piotr , Niedzielski Przemysław 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOf the many environmental factors that modulate the phytoextraction of elements, little has been learnt about the role of metal interactions. The study aimed to show how different concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in the cultivation medium influenced the biomass, plant development and phytoextraction abilities ofAcer platanoidesL. seedlings. Additionally, the impact on the content and distribution of Ca, K, Mg and Na in plant parts was studied with an analysis of phenols. Plants treated with a mixture of two metals were characterised by lower biomass of leaves and higher major elements content jointly than those grown in the salt of one element. Leaves ofA. platanoidescultivated in Pb5 + Zn1, Pb1 + Zn1and Pb1 + Zn5experimental systems were characterised by specific browning of their edges. The obtained results suggest higher toxicity to leaves of Pb and Zn present simultaneously in Knop solution than Cu and Pb or Cu and Zn, irrespective of the mutual ratio of the concentrations of these elements. Antagonism of Cu and Zn concerning Pb was clearly shown in whole plant biomass when one of these elements was in higher concentration (5 mmol L−1) in solution. In the lowest concentrations (1 mmol L−1), there was a synergism between Cu and Zn in plant roots. Plants exposed to Zn5, Cu1 + Pb5, Pb5 + Zn1and Cu1 + Zn1were characterised by higher total phenolic content than the rest plants. Both the presence and the concentration of other elements in the soil are significant factors that modulate element uptake, total phenolic content, and plant development.Graphical Abstract