bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities: Scoping Review
Authors: Parniak Simone , DePaul Vincent G , Frymire Clare , DePaul Samuel , Donnelly Catherine 
Published: February 2022

Background
As Canada’s population ages, there is a need to explore community-based solutions to support older adults. Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs), defined in 1986 as buildings or areas not specifically designed for, but which attract, older adults and associated NORC supportive service programs (NORC-SSPs) have been described as potential resources to support aging in place. Though the body of literature on NORCs has been growing since the 1980s, no synthesis of this work has been conducted to date.

Objective
The goal of this scoping review is to highlight the current state of NORC literature to inform future research and offer a summarized description of NORCs and how they have supported, and can support, older adults to age in place.

Methods
Using a published framework, a scoping review was conducted by searching 13 databases from earliest date of coverage to January 2022. We included English peer- and non–peer-reviewed scholarly journal publications that described, critiqued, reflected on, or researched NORCs. Aging-in-place literature with little to no mention of NORCs was excluded, as were studies that recruited participants from NORCs but did not connect findings to the setting. A qualitative content analysis of the literature was conducted, guided by a conceptual framework, to examine the promise of NORC programs to promote aging in place.

Results
From 787 publications, we included 64 (8.1%) articles. All publications were North American, and nearly half used a descriptive research approach (31/64, 48%). A little more than half provided a specific definition of a NORC (33/64, 52%); of these, 13 (39%) used the 1986 definition; yet, there were discrepancies in the defined proportions of older adults that constitute a NORC (eg, 40% or 50%). Of the 64 articles, 6 (9%) described processes for identifying NORCs and 39 (61%) specifically described NORC-SSPs and included both external partnerships with organizations for service delivery (33/39, 85%) and internal resources such as staff, volunteers, or neighbors. Identified key components of a NORC-SSP included activities fostering social relationships (25/64, 39%) and access to resources and services (26/64, 41%). Sustainability and funding of NORC-SSPs were described (27/64, 42%), particularly as challenges to success. Initial outcomes, including self-efficacy (6/64, 9%) and increased access to social and health supports (14/64, 22%) were cited; however, long-term outcomes were lacking.

Conclusions
This review synthesizes the NORC literature to date and demonstrates that NORC-SSPs have potential as an alternative model of supporting aging in place. Longitudinal research exploring the impacts of both NORCs and NORC-SSPs on older adult health and well-being is recommended. Future research should also explore ways to improve the sustainability of NORC-SSPs.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Among Lebanese Obstetricians and Gynecologists With Respect to COVID-19 and Pregnancy
Authors: Youssef Dalal 
Published: February 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously disrupted the daily life of the general population, particularly the life of pregnant women. Since obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs) are often the primary health care providers during pregnancy, they play a critical role in preventing and managing COVID-19 in their patients.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of OBGYNs with respect to COVID-19 and to identify existing gaps that need to be addressed to improve patient and occupational safety.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was conducted among Lebanese OBGYNs during the rapid growth of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon between October 20 and November 20, 2020. The analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were computed. A good level of knowledge was considered when 80% of answers from the respondents were correct.

Results
A total of 279 OBGYNs participated in the survey, of whom 57% were men. The majority of OBGYNs (64.2%) were more than 45 years of age and married (79.9%) and had extensive work experience (70.3%). Only 28.3% were reluctant to provide medical care for patients with COVID-19. Most of them were afraid of contracting COVID-19 or transmitting COVID-19 contracted through occupational exposure to their family members and 42.3% felt overwhelmed. Of the OBGYNs, 62.7% considered the policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health to be sufficient. The majority of OBGYNs had a good level of knowledge in different basic and specific domains related to COVID-19 and pregnancy. Furthermore, the practice score was good in all relevant aspects (personal, clinic, and patient).

Conclusions
The high knowledge and practice scores among Lebanese OBGYNs indicate a strong commitment from these physicians to fulfill their responsibilities toward themselves and their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of a Malaria Surveillance System in Hodeidah City, Yemen, 2021
Authors: Abduljalil Maeen , Al-Sada Methaq , Badi Moamer hossam , Ghalab Yaser  Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Background
Despite continuing control and elimination efforts, malaria continues to represent a major public health problem. Evaluation of the Malaria Surveillance System (MSS) is critical to obtain credible data that can be used for providing information. Hodeidah City, Yemen, is a worthy region to conduct an evaluation of the MSS because it has the greatest malaria burden.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the MSS and assess its performance in terms of qualitative and quantitative attributes.

Methods
The updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline was used to evaluate the MSS in Hodeidah City. After desk reviews and in-depth interviews were conducted, self-administered questionnaires with 5-point Likert scale and yes/no questions were used to collect data from stakeholders at four levels. The indicator’s score percent was interpreted according to the following criteria: excellent, ≥90%; good, 80% to <90%; average, 60% to <80%; poor, 40% to <60%; and very poor, <40%. EPI info version 7.2 was used to enter and analyze the data.

Results
Thirty-one stakeholders participated; 55% of the respondents were men. The system was found to be useful (88%) to portray the trend of malaria and to guide policy and intervention, with excellent scores (100%) for timeliness and completeness. The overall simplicity, representativeness, acceptability, and stability scores were 78%, 66%, 62%, and 61%, respectively, representing an average rank. However, flexibility scored 40% and sensitivity only scored 5.5%. The overall performance scores for the MSS were average (68%), good (82%), and average (73%) in central, governorate, and district and health facilities, respectively.

Conclusions
Although the MSS was found to be useful and stable, and the data quality and timeliness were deemed excellent, flexibility and sensitivity were considered to be poor. To ensure sustainability of the MSS, there is a need for gradual replacement of donors’ funds with governmental funds. Furthermore, enhancing laboratory diagnosis and proper training of health workers should be adopted for improving flexibility and sensitivity.
Trend of Chickenpox in Jordan (2013-2020)
Authors: Alfauri Mohammad Abdelrazzaq , Mohammad Adnan Ishaq , Aqel Ashraf Jamil , Asad Majed 
Published: February 2022

Background
Chickenpox is the primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a highly contagious disease.

Objective
The main goal of this epidemiological descriptive study was to analyze the medical chickenpox data from 2013 to 2020 in Jordan. The aim of the study was to obtain in-depth statistics for all Jordan cities comparing the year semesters for these years, with comparisons of gender and age categories. In addition, we aimed to determine the status of the epidemiological situation in Jordan with concern of the effects of Syrian refugees and the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods
This was an epidemiological descriptive study focusing on children under 15 years old. Data were collected based on a clinical diagnosis by doctors. Chickenpox data were obtained from the Ministry of Health as computerized and manual weekly reports from public and private health centers and hospitals. SPSS was used to statistically analyze the data.

Results
The total number of chickenpox cases reported from 2013 to 2020 in Jordan was 40,988. There was an obvious rise in cases in 2014 (19.24%) with possible outbreaks due to the influx of Syrian refugees, whereas the lowest number of cases (2.44%) was reported in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated quarantine that occurred in Jordan, especially because of closing schools and clinics. Although the total number of chickenpox cases varied from 2013 to 2020, all years showed the same seasonal distribution, with the highest numbers in the spring (especially May), at 16.12%. Geographic distribution analysis showed that the highest numbers of cases were reported in the cities of Amman and Zarqa, with 18.15% and 12.81%, respectively, according to the highest population and gatherings. In gender distribution, there was a sustained preponderance for males over females with 54.48% of the cases reported in males. The age category of 5-9 years was the most likely to be affected by this disease, accounting for 43.34% of cases. This is because these younger children are newly entering school and starting to interact with others. However, the age category of over 20 years showed the lowest number of cases, accounting for 3.98%. There is more concern in Mafraq city (which has the greatest number of Syrian refugees), and we found that children in the age categories of 1-4 years and less than 1 year were more likely to be infected than others.

Conclusions
Our analysis showed a possible outbreak of chickenpox in 2014, and the lowest number of cases occurred in 2020. In addition, the spring season is the time with the highest number of infected cases. Chickenpox is a highly transmissible childhood disease that becomes more severe with age, and is especially prevalent in children 5-9 years of age in Jordan. Moreover, the gender distribution of cases throughout the years showed a sustained preponderance for males over females. Due to the high populations in Amman and Zarqa cities, these areas had the highest numbers of people infected with chickenpox.
Mixed Outbreak of Falciparum and Vivax Malaria and Dengue Fever Among the Egyptian Five-a-Side Ball Team Returning From Nigeria After Participation in the African Cup of Nations (Egypt, July 2021)
Authors: Gouda Mohamed , Afifi Salma , Zamy Sahar , Abu El Sood Hanaa , Eid Alaa 
Published: February 2022

Background
On July 28, 2021, the Port Saeed health directorate was reported of a team member of the Egyptian five-a-side ball team who was admitted to the Port Saeed Fever Hospital on the same day with acute onset of high fever, headache, malaise, and delirium. The patient has recently returned from Nigeria with his teammates after participation in the African Cup of Nations. On asking the patient about other cases among his teammates, he informed of 1 who started to feel sick in Nigeria and was quarantined in the Abasia Fever Hospital in Cairo and another 2 who were currently at their homes in Port Saeed.

Objective
This study aims to confirm an outbreak, identify possible causes, and implement necessary control measures.

Methods
All 26 team members were contacted in their governorates. Active case finding among them and their contacts was performed using sensitive case definition. A case was defined as anyone from the Egyptian five-a-side ball team returning from Nigeria or their contacts who complained of sudden onset of fever, malaise, or respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptomatic patients were swabbed for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Blood samples were collected for malaria film and immunoglobulin M (IgM) for dengue testing.

Results
Of 26 team members, 7 (27%) complained of symptoms, with an attack rate of 26.9%. Their mean age was 37.1 (8.6) years, and all of them were males. Of the 7 cases, 6 (86%) were from Port Saeed, their clinical symptoms ranged from fever (n=3, 43%) malaise (n=7, 100%), headache (n=4, 57%), nausea (n=3, 43%), and delirium (n=1, 14%). Laboratory testing confirmed 4 (57%) cases with malaria falciparum, including 1 (14%) positive for COVID-19. In addition, the blood film of 2 (28%) patients showed malaria falciparam and vivax, and 1 (14%) patient was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and dengue. All patients recovered and were discharged from the hospitals. Patients did not receive malaria prophylaxis before traveling, and they were sleeping in tents near a forest, where they exposed to mosquito bites. A vector survey was performed, and mosquito spraying and larvae destruction near the residential areas of all team members were implemented.

Conclusions
An outbreak of malaria and dengue occurred among the Egyptian five-a-side ball team that recently returned from Nigeria. The outbreak was caused by defective malaria-preventive measures with no prophylaxis. Outbreak was controlled through early patient detection, isolation, and treatment. In addition to entomological and environmental preventive measures, it is necessary to ensure that all sports teams traveling to malaria- and dengue-endemic areas receive prophylaxis and apply protective measures against mosquito bites.
“Pensamos lo educativo en un sentido cultural amplio”. Entrevista a Valeria Dotro
Authors: Lanati Vanina 
Published: February 2022

Valeria Dotro es la responsable de contenidos de Paka Paka, el primer canal de televisión público dedicado a los niños, dependiente del Ministerio de Educación de la Nación, en Argentina. Ha dedicado sus investigaciones y artículos a temas relacionados con la infancia y los medios de comunicación audiovisual.
Fotografía de Christian Rodríguez
Authors: Rodríguez Christian 
Published: February 2022

“En este proyecto estoy trabajando con las dos compañías más grandes de Vietnam. En el parque Lenin, donde se encuentra la Federación de Circo de Vietnam, son varias las protagonistas. En el edificio del circo, familias y artistas comparten habitación. En la que llamo 'el cuartito rosa', las paredes son de este color y todas sus habitantes son mujeres. En la antigua Saigón, hoy ciudad de Ho Chi Min, se encuentra el Grupo de Circo de Ho Chi Min. En su mayoría los artistas viven en un teatro abandonado. Debido a la exigencia física, con poco más de 30 años ya se retiran de la actividad diaria. Una característica de la sociedad vietnamita es casarse a temprana edad. Si bien ninguno de estos artistas está casado, es probable que pronto lo estén.”
La representación de la violencia en tres películas de Adrián Caetano
Authors: Dillon Alfredo 
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de los modos de representación de la violencia en el cine de Adrián Caetano, director nacido en Uruguay y uno de los representantes más emblemáticos del denominado Nuevo Cine Argentino. Para eso, nos proponemos trazar una lectura crítica de tres de sus películas más importantes: Bolivia (2001), Un oso rojo (2002) y Crónica de una fuga (2006). En dichas obras, el fenómeno de la violencia constituye el núcleo de la trama y permea las formas narrativas, aunque de maneras diferentes en cada largometraje. En el cine de Caetano la comunidad siempre está amenazada por el fantasma de la disolución; en medio de ese peligro prolifera la violencia, entendida como una fuerza capaz de restituir las fronteras sociales que la crisis ha vuelto endebles.
La visualidad como objeto: El giro pictórico y los estudios de la cultura visual
Authors: Dotta Ambrosini Javier 
Published: February 2022

Durante las últimas décadas, una nueva corriente de investigación ha hecho camino entre disciplinas que han tenido a la mirada y a la visualización como protagonistas de la reflexión intelectual. Entre la historia del arte y la comunicación, los estudios de la cultura visual inauguran un espacio de debate formal en torno a la recepción y al uso de las imágenes visuales que ha sido explicado bajo la denominación de giro pictórico, una idea que sintetiza los fundamentos de este campo. El siguiente artículo presenta esta corriente y hace un análisis crítico de ella, de su contexto, de sus conceptos fundamentales, así como ofrece una selección de los principales canales de difusión de sus autores a través de los cuales se puede profundizar en la materia que han fundado.
Periodismo de datos: informar en la era digital. Entrevista a Florencia Coelho
Authors: Abad Jimena 
Published: February 2022

Florencia Coelho, una de las líderes del equipo de La Nación Data —el equipo de datos del diario La Nación— visitó la Universidad Católica y dialogó con dixit sobre el trabajo que realizan en el periódico argentino, las dificultades que tienen y los desafíos a los que se enfrentan. Destacó el rol de las universidades en la formación de profesionales que sean factores de cambio en la crisis que viven el periodismo y los medios.
La distopía ya está aquí: Vigilancia estatal, de Orwell a Snowden y El Guardián
Authors: Osaba Julio 
Published: February 2022

El punto de partida de este trabajo es una cita a la novela 1984 de George Orwell, de la cual se toman dos temas transversales: los fines de vigilancia del Estado moderno y el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la comunicación usadas por el Estado en ese cometido primordial de vigilancia. Con una metodología comparativa en los temas mencionados y teniendo en cuenta las continuidades y los cambios, se analizan, a modo de ejemplo, las revelaciones de Edward J. Snowden, en el transcurso del año 2013, sobre los procedimientos de vigilancia electrónica a escala global que lleva adelante la NSA (Agencia de Seguridad Nacional del gobierno de los Estados Unidos, por su sigla en inglés). Luego se procede a incluir estos temas en clave uruguaya a partir de la discusión pública que generó la compra por parte del Ministerio del Interior del software denominado El Guardián. Para finalizar se plantean algunas implicaciones para la democracia a partir de las asimetrías entre el Estado y las grandes corporaciones recolectoras de datos, por un lado, y, por el otro, el ciudadano común.
Proximity of upper central incisors to incisive canal among subjects with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in various facial growth patterns:
Authors: Al-Rokhami Remsh Khaled , Sakran Karim Ahmed , Alhammadi Maged Sultan , Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Cao Baocheng , Alsomairi Majedh Abdo Ali , Al-Worafi Naseem Ali 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate the position of the upper central incisor roots (U1) relative to the incisive canal (IC) among subjects with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in various facial growth patterns.

Materials and Methods
240 cone beam computed tomography images of skeletal Class I and II maxillary or bimaxillary protrusive subjects with a mean age of 23.74 ± 3.73 years were enrolled according to their facial growth pattern. The IC volume was measured using Mimics 21 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The U1 inter-root distance, width of IC, and their proximity were estimated using Invivo6 software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA).

Results
The IC volume was slightly greater among the high angle facial group and female patients than the other groups. Overall, the IC width was greater than the U1 inter-root distance in 55.65%, 57.6%, and 65% among the average, low, and high angle facial groups, respectively, and in 56.5% and 62.9% of males and females, respectively. The overall anteroposterior (sagittal) distances between the U1 roots and IC were 4.36 ± 1.18, 4.78 ± 1.17, and 3.83 ± 0.90 mm among the average, low, and high angle facial groups, respectively.

Conclusions
The high angle facial group and female patients showed slightly greater IC dimensions than the other groups. The overall maximum sagittal distances between the U1 and IC were around 5.5, 6, and 4.7 mm among the average, low, and high angle facial groups, respectively. The low angle facial group and male patients tended to have greater sagittal distances. Therefore, the present findings could serve as a guideline when a considerable amount of upper incisor retraction is planned for Class I or II maxillary or bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion patients.
Improvement of Corrosion Protection of Oil Pipeline Welding via Adding Tin Disulfide Nanoparticles
Authors: Jameel Atheer M. , Kadhim Bahjat B. , Farhan Fadhil K. 
Published: February 2022

The corrosion-resistant on the inner surface of the carbon pipeline welding alloys for two sections of the corrosion-resistant welding alloys (pure welding alloy) and welding alloys added Tin Disulfide Nanoparticles (SnS NPs) were welded by tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). The electrochemical behavior of the weld alloy was investigated at room temperature in 3.5% NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization. To reveal the corrosion resistance of alloys welded joints, some significant characterization parameters such as Ecorr, Icorr and in polarization curves were analyzed and compared. The surface morphology of corrosion products was also analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for two cases. The results show that the corrosion resistance for welding alloys added SnS Nps appeared high corrosion resistance, lower corrosion rate, and higher protection efficiency by 48% compared with pure welding alloy.
Measurement of Activity Concentration Levels of Radionuclides and Assessment of Radiation Hazards for Well Water Samples Collected from Baghdad Governorate, Al-Sadr City, Iraq
Authors: Taher Wisam Ibrahim , Al-Alawy Iman Tarik 
Published: February 2022

In this study, Natural radioactivity levels of water from samples of 10 wells and at different depths 7, 3, and 12 meters were measured with a gamma-ray spectroscopy device using High-Purity Germanium HPGedetector. The samples were collected from different areas of Sadr City, east of Baghdad Governorate. Al-Sadr city is considered as one of the important areas in the capital, Baghdad, due to its population density, which constitutes about 45% of the province’s population. It is very important to assess the radiation risks in these samples because the population still depends on this water in their daily life. The concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides was determined U-238, Th-232, K-40 as all sample’s concentration is higher than the permissible limits according to UNSCEAR 2000. Measurements included the values of natural radioactivity were calculated as the Radium Equivalent Activity Raeq 0.22, External Hazard Index Hex 0.000595, Internal Hazard Index H_in 0.00119, Representative Level were collected The index Iγ 0.001467 and the alpha index I_α 0.0011, the exposure rate Raexp μR/h 0.418, and also calculated the air absorbed dose Dγin nGy/h 0.10164, Dγout nGy/h 0.2024, Dγtotal nGy/h 0.30404, AGED 0.6798, AEDEin 0.000124, AEDE_out 0.000993 and AEDEtotal 0.001117, lifetime cancer risk ELCRout 0.000436, ELCRin 0.003475 and ELCRtotal 0.003911.