bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of intergenerational poverty and exclusionary school discipline
Authors: Shooter Wynn , Hernandez Jimmy , Mackay David , McIlvenna Malia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany prior studies have documented disparities in school discipline practices across racial, economic, and other student characteristics. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which students affected by intergenerational poverty (IGP) received infractions (incidents) and experienced exclusionary disciplines (suspensions and expulsions), relative to other student groups. To do so, this study examined incident and discipline rates, calculated the number of lost days of instruction per 100 students, considered the number of days lost based on disciplines received, and conducted an analysis of the disciplines received by students affected by IGP and similar peers. Results suggest that students affected by IGP have higher discipline rates than other student groups and were 1.78 times more likely to receive a discipline than similar peers. Policy considerations include a set of metrics useful at the state and local level for ongoing monitoring, the importance of data quality, and the need to revisit related policies and their implementations.
Shedding light on AT1G29480 of Arabidopsis thaliana—An enigmatic locus restricted to Brassicacean genomes
Authors: Billakurthi Kumari , Schulze Stefanie , Schulz Eva Lena Marie , Sage Tammy L. , Schreier Tina B. , Hibberd Julian M. , Ludwig Martha , Westhoff Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA key feature of C4 Kranz anatomy is the presence of an enlarged, photosynthetically highly active bundle sheath whose cells contain large numbers of chloroplasts. With the aim to identify novel candidate regulators of C4 bundle sheath development, we performed an activation tagging screen with Arabidopsis thaliana. The reporter gene used encoded a chloroplast‐targeted GFP protein preferentially expressed in the bundle sheath, and the promoter of the C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene from Flaveria trinervia served as activation tag because of its activity in all chlorenchymatous tissues of A. thaliana. Primary mutants were selected based on their GFP signal intensity, and one stable mutant named kb‐1 with a significant increase in GFP fluorescence intensity was obtained. Despite the increased GFP signal, kb‐1 showed no alterations to bundle sheath anatomy. The causal locus, AT1G29480, is specific to the Brassicaceae with its second exon being conserved. Overexpression and reconstitution studies confirmed that AT1G29480, and specifically its second exon, were sufficient for the enhanced GFP phenotype, which was not dependent on translation of the locus or its parts into protein. We conclude, therefore, that the AT1G29480 locus enhances the GFP reporter gene activity via an RNA‐based mechanism.
The effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pediatric physiatric health care in Croatia among children with neurological risk: A retrospective study
Authors: Čeprnja Asija Rota , Šamija Radenka Kuzmanić , Čeprnja Zdenka Šitum , Jakus Nataša , Bečić Kristijan , Čeprnja Toni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the start of COVID pandemic, the Croatian government issued many recommendations and guidelines, imposed reorganization of health care system, and ordered two lock‐downs to mitigate the spread of the disease. All of this may have had an unwanted effect on the standard of health care for non‐COVID‐19 patients, including children with neurological risk factors.ObjectiveTo highlight the possibility that measures taken to mitigate the COVID‐19 pandemic may lead to a substantial delay of examination by physical medicine specialists and timely rehabilitation programs for children with neurological risks.DesignA retrospective medical history‐based study between 2020 and 2021.SettingThe study was performed in Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine at the University Hospital Centre of Split, Croatia.PatientsChildren with neurological risk examined by pediatric physical rehabilitation specialists in the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine between January 2017 and December 2021.MethodsCase records of patients were reviewed, dividing them into groups according to severity of neurological risk and their age at the time of first examination. We also noted in what months of the year those examinations were performed.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe outcome was change in the number of the first examinations and the age of the patients when the examination was first performed.ResultsDuring the pandemic year 2020, the total number of first examinations was lower by 244 (38%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 34%–42%), and the number of first examinations of children with neurological risks was lower by 216 (36%; 95% CI: 33%–40%).On the contrary, in 2021, there was an increase in the total number of first examinations by 114 (18%; 95% CI: 15%–21%) and first examinations of children with neurological risks compared to the pre‐pandemic years by 97 (16%; 95% CI: 13%–20%). Furthermore, the division of patients according to age at the time of first examination significantly differed in the pre‐pandemic and pandemic 2021 periods (λ = 11.8; p = .018). The greatest contributing factor to this difference was the group of patients older than 12 months.ConclusionsThe study suggests that the chaotic initial stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic during 2020 caused delay in examinations by physical medicine specialists for children with neurological risks that could potentially affect neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Additional effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a therapeutic exercise program for sedentary with chronic neck pain: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martins‐de‐Sousa Paulo Henrique , Fidelis‐de‐Paula‐Gomes Cid André , Pontes‐Silva André , Henrique Milena Fernanda Pereira , Araujo Gabriel Gardhel Costa , Kalatakis‐dos‐Santos Artur Eduardo , Damasceno Karen Larissa Brito , Dibai‐Filho Almir Vieira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the additional effect of high frequency (HF) or low frequency (LF) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in a specific therapeutic exercise program for the treatment of patients with chronic neck pain.MethodsA randomized controlled trial. Sixty participants of both sexes and with chronic neck pain were randomized into three groups: therapeutic exercise group + placebo TENS (n = 20), therapeutic exercise group + HF TENS (n = 20) and therapeutic exercise group + low TENS frequency (n = 20). The following assessment instruments were used: Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index, Pain‐Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Participants were evaluated before the interventions, after eight treatment sessions and 1 month after the end of treatment. Primary outcome was disability measured after the eight treatment sessions. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity, catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia after eight treatment sessions and pain intensity 4 weeks after the end of the treatment sessions.ResultsThe three groups were similar at baseline for personal and clinical characteristics. Regarding the main study analyses, there were no significant (p > 0.05) or clinical (d < 0.80) differences between the groups for the main variable (disability), nor for the secondary variables (pain intensity, catastrophizing and kinesiophobia).ConclusionHF or LF TENS, compared to placebo TENS, does not provide additional clinical benefits to an exercise program for patients with chronic neck pain.
Emplacing English as lingua franca in international higher education: A spatial perspective on linguistic diversity
Authors: Adriansen Hanne Kirstine , Juul‐Wiese Thilde , Madsen Lene Møller , Saarinen Taina , Spangler Vera , Waters Johanna L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWithin higher education, internationalisation is increasingly important for students and academics alike. In this context, English as the lingua franca has gained prominence. The ostensible ubiquity of English rests on a particular rendering of the language as unitary, fixed, and undifferentiated. In this paper, we challenge this notion of English and use a spatial approach to explore the multiplicity of Englishes on display within the higher education context. Increasingly, within higher education outside Anglophone countries, English Medium Instruction (EMI) is seen as a crucial indicator of internationalisation: the term ‘international programmes' is often used as a proxy for programmes taught in English. Hence, the aim of this paper is to explore the role of English in internationalisation of higher education, and to show how a spatial approach can illuminate what English means and how it is experienced in its multiple and shifting forms. We examine Danish higher education to explore the multiple usages of English amongst so‐called ‘native' and ‘nonnative' speakers and show the spatial and hierarchical complexity of language. We suggest that a spatial perspective on English in the context of international higher education can help nuance debates about internationalisation and language in important ways – there is not one, but multiple forms of English, displayed at different times and in different places, with differing effects in the creation of spatial hierarchies.
Air pollution in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan: Driving factors and state response
Authors: Dzushupov Kenesh O. , Buban Julian M. A. , Aidaraliev Arsen A. , Ahmadi Attaullah , Chahal Priyanka , Ibrahim Muiz , Lin Xu , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present article aims to describe the status quo of the atmospheric air quality in Bishkek and the state measures taken to improve it and to give the perspective of research and policy development. Air pollution is one of the major environmental risks for premature death from respiratory diseases, cancer, strokes, heart attacks, diabetes, and other diseases. It exerts a negative effect on worker productivity and mental health. In the last 30 years, Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic, has turned from one of the cleanest and greenest cities in the former Soviet Union to one of the most polluted cities in the world. The roots of that transformation lie in the negative socio‐economic changes taking place in the country, including the population doubling of Bishkek mainly due to internal migration, uncontrolled construction of houses without relevant infrastructure, worsening socio‐economic conditions, increased number of used vehicles, and low quality of gasoline. The main sources of air pollution in Bishkek are domestic heating and vehicle exhaust fumes. During the winter, air pollution is aggravated by frequent temperature inversion and air stagnation due to air trapping by high‐rise buildings. The state's approaches and measures to address this issue are reflected in its laws and policies. The city and national government have taken a range of strategic measures to transform Bishkek into a green city with a favourable environment. Recommendations on research and policy development are provided in this perspective.
A scoping review of the psychosocial correlates of academic performance
Authors: Tindle Richard , Abo Hamza Eid G. , Helal Ahmed A. , Ayoub Alaa Eldin A. , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the psychosocial factors that positively and negatively impact academic performance is important to help students succeed and persist in higher education. In this article, we conducted a scoping review to clarify and identify the psychosocial factors affecting university students' academic performance. The initial search returned 1657 articles and 36 articles met the inclusion criteria. Inspection of the articles was conducted to identify the relationship between psychological and social variables on academic performance. We found that psychosocial factors were significantly related to university students' academic performance. Specifically, academic performance was often correlated with social support, motivation, stress, satisfaction, self‐efficacy, anxiety and depression, prior academic achievement, study effort, adjustment, family, and emotions. This scoping review defines what constitutes a psychosocial factor within the context of university students' academic performance. We encourage future research to explore the understudied psychosocial variables and not overlook the role of social factors on academic performance.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis article aims to clarify and identify the psychosocial factors affecting university students' academic performance.Why the new findings matterThe findings contribute to the existing literature by showing that psychosocial factors are related to university students' academic performance. Further, this review defines what constitutes a psychosocial factor within the context of university students' academic performance.ImplicationsThis scoping review provides initial results to define what constitutes a psychosocial factor within the context of university students' academic performance. The implications of this review include directing future research to explore the impact of psychosocial variables identified on academic performance. Further, this review provides higher education providers and educators with insight into what psychological and social factors are impacting their students' academic performance. By utilising the information presented, institutions can begin to identify the types of psychosocial support they can offer to help sustain and improve the academic outcomes of their students.
Economic globalisation and inclusive green growth in Africa: Contingencies and policy‐relevant thresholds of governance
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Figari Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study employs macrodata for 23 African countries to examine whether good governance interacts with economic globalisation (EG) to foster inclusive green growth (IGG). First, the study finds that EG hampers IGG in Africa. Second, although unconditionally good governance promotes IGG, only government effectiveness interacts with EG to foster IGG. Across the social and environmental sustainability dimensions of IGG, however, the effects differ substantially. Notably, whilst the EG‐governance pathways yield remarkable environmental sustainability net gains, a modest harmful effect was observed for socioeconomic sustainability. Evidence from our threshold analyses also suggests that whilst government effectiveness is critical for propelling EG to promote IGG, across the social and environmental perspectives of IGG, it is investments in building frameworks and structures for corruption control and the rule of law that are crucial. Our results shed new light on IGG and have several implications for Agenda 2030 and Agenda 2063.
Electrostatic Adsorption Enables Layer Stacking Thickness‐Dependent Hollow Ti3C2Tx MXene Bowls for Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Du Qinrui , Men Qiaoqiao , Li Ruosong , Cheng Youwei , Zhao Biao , Che Renchao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough transition metal carbides/carbonitrides (MXenes) exhibit immense potential for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, their absorbing ability is hindered by facile stacking and high permittivity. Layer stacking and geometric structures are expected to significantly affect the conductivity and permittivity of MXenes. However, it is still a formidable task to simultaneously regulate layer stacking and microstructure of MXenes to realize high‐performance EMW absorption. Herein, a simple and viable strategy using electrostatic adsorption is developed to integrate 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets into 3D hollow bowl‐like structures with tunable layer stacking thickness. Density functional theory calculations indicate an increase in the density of states of the d orbital from the Ti atom near the Fermi level and the generation of additional electrical dipoles in the MXene nanosheets constituting the bowl walls upon reducing the layer stacking thickness. The hollow MXene bowls exhibit a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −53.8 dB at 1.8 mm. The specific absorbing performance, defined as RLmin (dB)/thickness (mm)/filler loading (wt%), exceeds 598 dB mm−1, far surpassing that of the most current MXene and bowl‐like materials reported in the literature. This work can guide future exploration on designing high‐performance MXenes with “lightweight” and “thinness” characteristics for superior EMW absorption.
Biodegradable Redox‐Responsive AIEgen‐Based‐Covalent Organic Framework Nanocarriers for Long‐Term Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Huang Chenguang , Zhou Shengnan , Chen Chen , Wang Xiaoyu , Ding Rui , Xu Yinshuang , Cheng Ziwei , Ye Zhuqing , Sun Lijun , Wang Zi‐jian , Hu Danyou , Jia Xudong , Zhang Guiyang , Gao Shan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTimely restoration of blood supply after myocardial ischemia is imperative for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction but causes additional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, which has not been hitherto effectively targeted by interventions for MI/R injury. Hence, the development of advanced nanomedicine that can reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes while protecting against MI/R in vivo is of utmost importance. Herein, a redox‐responsive and emissive TPE‐ss covalent organic framework (COF) nanocarrier by integrating aggregation‐induced emission luminogens and redox‐responsive disulfide motifs into the COF skeleton is developed. TPE‐ss COF allows for efficient loading and delivery of matrine, a renowned anti‐cryptosporidial drug, which significantly reduces MI/R‐induced functional deterioration and cardiomyocyte injury when injected through the tail vein into MI/R models at 5 min after 30 min of ischemia. Moreover, TPE‐ss COF@Matrine shows a drastic reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improvements in cardiac function and survival rate. The effect of the TPE‐ss COF carrier is further elucidated by enhanced cardiomyocyte viability and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining in vitro. This work demonstrates the cardioprotective effect of TPE‐ss COFs for MI/R injury, which unleashes the immense potential of using COFs as smart drug carriers for the peri‐reperfusion treatment of ischemic heart disease with low cost, high stability, and single postoperative intervention.
Enhanced pairing‐free identity‐based broadcast authentication protocol in WSN using ElGamal ECC
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Ray Sangram , Sadhukhan Dipanwita , Karmakar Jayashree , Dasgupta Mou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAuthentication among the various communicating devices within wireless sensor networks during broadcasting is most significant among the other primary security services. This authentication during broadcasting services allows multiple mobile end‐devices to transmit messages dynamically and securely for fasten consumer tracking and sustaining privacy of the data transferred in the insecure sensor network. To enhance this authentication protocol for secure end‐users message distribution, this research work has introduced a novel identity (ID) based cryptographic technique that employs ElGmal‐elliptic‐curve cryptography and digital signature without implementing bilinear paring operation to reduce huge burden of computation overhead. Additionally, to accelerate the performance of the proposed authentication protocol, the size of the signature along with the encryption key is minimized. Eventually, the authentication protocol provides comparatively less computational complexity with secure and faster key management. The performance analysis supports the aforesaid claim as well as reflects the supremacy of the proposed scheme over the handover authentication protocol and bilinear pairings based authentication schemes.
Iron‐Mediated Peptide Formation in Water and Liquid Sulfur Dioxide under Prebiotically Plausible Conditions**
Authors: Sydow Constanze , Sauer Fabian , Siegle Alexander F. , Trapp Oliver 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeptides have essential structural and catalytic functions in living organisms. The formation of peptides requires the overcoming of thermodynamic and kinetic barriers. In recent years, various formation scenarios that may have occurred during the origin of life have been investigated, including iron(III)‐catalyzed condensations. However, iron(III)‐catalysts require elevated temperatures and the catalytic activity in peptide bond forming reactions is often low. It is likely that in an anoxic environment such as that of the early Earth, reduced iron compounds were abundant, both on the Earth's surface itself and as a major component of iron meteorites. In this work, we show that reduced iron activated by acetic acid mediates efficiently peptide formation. We recently demonstrated that, compared to water, liquid sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a superior reaction medium for peptide formations. We thus investigated both and observed up to four amino acid/peptide coupling steps in each solvent. Reaction with diglycine (G2) formed 2.0 % triglycine (G3) and 7.6 % tetraglycine (G4) in 21 d. Addition of G3and dialanine (A2) yielded 8.7 % G4. Therefore, this is an efficient and plausible route for the formation of the first peptides as simple catalysts for further transformations in such environments.
Significant Improvement of Switching Characteristics in a 1.2‐kV SiC SWITCH‐MOS by the Application of Kelvin Source Connection
Authors: Matsui Kevin , Tawara Takeshi , Harada Shinsuke , Tanaka So , Sato Hiroshi , Yano Hiroshi , Iwamuro Noriyuki 
Published: October 2022

Here we show, for the first time, a significant improvement of switching characteristics in a 1.2‐kV SiC Schottky barrier diode‐wall integrated trench MOSFET (SWITCH‐MOS) by the application of a Kelvin source (KS) connection. Turn‐on loss (Eon) was greatly reduced, with superior Eon‐dVDS/dt trade‐off characteristics at a moderate dVDS/dt value of about 10 kV/μs, because the SWITCH‐MOS with KS achieves a more suppressed peak reverse recovery current in embedded Schottky barrier diodes even at a higher dID/dt during the turn‐on operation than a state‐of‐the‐art SiC trench MOSFET with KS. This feature is a peculiarity of the SWITCH‐MOS when the KS connection is applied. Notably, measured and calculated results confirmed that the SWITCH‐MOS with KS had less dissipated turn‐off loss, especially in a second half of turn‐off regions (Region 2), than the SWITCH‐MOS w/o KS. However, owing to a higher negative turn‐off dID/dt, the MOSFET with KS has a larger drain surge voltage. With an optimum gate resistance, the SWITCH‐MOS with KS has 8% less total switching loss than a SWITCH‐MOS without KS, and 29% less than a state‐of‐the‐art SiC trench MOSFET with KS, while keeping a moderately low dVDS/dt of 10 kV/μs and suppressing a drain peak voltage of <720 V. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Determination of the Salmonella intracellular lifestyle by the diversified interaction of Type III secretion system effectors and host GTPases
Authors: Meng Kun , Zhu Ping , Shi Liuliu , Li Shan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntracellular bacteria have developed sophisticated strategies to subvert the host endomembrane system to establish a stable replication niche. Small GTPases are critical players in regulating each step of membrane trafficking events, such as vesicle biogenesis, cargo transport, tethering, and fusion events. Salmonella is a widely studied facultative intracellular bacteria. Salmonella delivers several virulence proteins, termed effectors, to regulate GTPase dynamics and subvert host trafficking for their benefit. In this review, we summarize an updated and systematic understanding of the interactions between bacterial effectors and host GTPases in determining the intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella.This article is categorized under:
Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology