bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic Therapies for Morbidity and Mortality After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Dayyani Mojtaba , Sadeghirad Behnam , Grotta James C. , Zabihyan Samira , Ahmadvand Saba , Wang Yuting , Guyatt Gordon H. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to determine the relative benefits of pharmacological prophylactic treatments in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by performing a network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Methods:
We searched Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane Central to February 2020. Pairs of reviewers independently identified eligible trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Eligible trials compared the prophylactic effects of any oral or intravenous medications or intracranial drug-eluting implants to one another or placebo or standard of care in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. We used the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to assess the certainty of the evidence.

Results:
We included 53 trials enrolling 10 415 patients. Nimodipine likely reduces all-cause mortality compared to placebo (odds ratio [OR],0.73 [95% CI, 0.53–1.00]; moderate certainty; absolute risk reduction (ARR), −3.35%). Nimodipine (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.07–1.99]; high certainty; absolute risk increase, 8.25%) and cilostazol (OR, 3.73 [95% CI, 1.14–12.18]; moderate certainty; absolute risk increase, 23.15%) were the most effective treatments in improving disability at the longest follow-up. Compared to placebo, clazosentan (10 mg/kg; OR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.22–0.68]; high certainty; ARR, −16.65%), nicardipine (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.24–0.94]; moderate certainty; ARR, −13.70%), fasudil (OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.31–0.98]; moderate certainty; ARR, −11.54%), and magnesium (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46–0.94]; high certainty; ARR, −8.37%) proved most effective in reducing the likelihood of delayed cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions:
Nimodipine and cilostazol are likely the most effective treatments in preventing morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clazosentan, nicardipine, fasudil, and magnesium showed beneficial effects on delayed cerebral ischemia and vasospasm but they were not found to reduce mortality or disability. Future trials are warranted to elaborately investigate the prophylactic effects of medications that may improve mortality and long-term functional outcomes, such as cilostazol and clazosentan.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42019122183.
The Redistribution of Air–Sea Momentum and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Fluxes by Ocean Surface Gravity Waves
Authors: Wu Lichuan , Breivik Øyvind , Qiao Fangli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The momentum flux to the ocean interior is commonly assumed to be identical to the momentum flux lost from the atmosphere in traditional atmosphere, ocean, and coupled models. However, ocean surface gravity waves (hereafter waves) can alter the magnitude and direction of the ocean-side stress (τoc) from the air-side stress (τa). This is rarely considered in coupled climate and forecast models. Based on a 30-yr wave hindcast, the redistribution of the global wind stress and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) flux by waves was investigated. Waves play a more important role in the windy oceans in middle and high latitudes than that in the oceans in the tropics (i.e., the central portion of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans). On average, the relative difference between τoc and τa, γτ, can be up to 6% in middle and high latitudes. The frequency of occurrence of γτ > 9% can be up to 10% in the windy extratropics. The directional difference between τoc and τa exceeds 3.5° in the middle and high latitudes 10% of the time. The difference between τoc and τa becomes more significant closer to the coasts of the continents due to strong wind gradients. The friction velocity-based approach overestimates (underestimates) the breaking-induced TKE flux in the tropics (middle and high latitudes). The findings presented in the current study show that coupled climate and Earth system models would clearly benefit from the inclusion of a wave model.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to investigate the redistribution of the global wind stress and turbulent kinetic energy flux due to surface waves based on a 30-yr wave hindcast. The mean relative difference of the magnitude between the air-side and ocean-side stress is up to 6% with a 90th percentile of more than 9% in the windy extratropics. Due to strong wind gradients, the redistributive role of waves in the stress becomes more significant closer to coasts. The results indicate that we should consider the redistributive role of waves in the momentum and energy fluxes in climate and Earth system models since they are the key elements in the predictability of weather forecasting models and climate models.
Deep learning for automatic segmentation of paraspinal muscle on computed tomography
Authors: Yao Ning , Li Xintong , Wang Ling , Cheng Xiaoguang , Yu Aihong , Li Chenwei , Wu Ke 
Published: March 2022

Background Muscle quantification is an essential step in sarcopenia evaluation. Purpose To develop and evaluate an automated machine learning (ML) algorithm for segmenting the paraspinous muscles on either abdominal or lumbar (L) computed tomography (CT) scans. Material and Methods A novel deep neural network algorithm for automated segmentation of paraspinous muscle was developed, CT scans of 504 consecutive patients conducted between January 2019 and February 2020 were assembled. The muscle was manually segmented at L3 vertebra level by three radiologists as ground truth, divided into training and testing subgroups. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was recorded. Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) and CSA errors were calculated to evaluate system performance. The degree of muscle fat infiltration (MFI) recording by percentage value was the fat area within the region of interest divided by the muscle area. An analysis of the factors influencing the performance of the V-net-based segmentation system was also implemented. Results The mean DSCs for paraspinous muscles were high for both the training (0.963, 0.970, 0.941, and 0.968, respectively) and testing (0.950, 0.960, 0.929, and 0.961, respectively) datasets, while the CSA errors were low for both training (1.9%, 1.6%, 3.1%, and 1.3%, respectively) and testing (3.4%, 3.0%, 4.6%, and 1.9%, respectively) datasets. MFI and muscle area index (MI) were major factors affecting DSCs of the posterior paraspinous and paraspinous muscle groups. Conclusion The ML algorithm for the measurement of paraspinous muscles was compared favorably to manual ground truth measurements.
Predictors for mortality and recovery in patients with acute renal injury receiving continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Yu Yang , Xu Hao , Jiang Shaowei , Gao Chengjin 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Despite continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been widely used in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), the prognosis and recovery of renal function in these patients are still poor. Therefore, we aimed to identify the prognostic factors for the mortality and recovery of renal function in patients with AKI receiving CRRT. Methods: A total of 125 patients with AKI, treated with CRRT in the emergency intensive care unit (EICU) in an academic teaching hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical data of these patients were collected. Univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were conducted to identify the predictors for the mortality and recovery of renal function. Results: The median age was 68.0 (56.5–79.0) years old, and from which 69.6% were males. Sixty-four patients (51.2%) survived and 50 patients (40%) recovered their renal function. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for mortality were male (odds ratio [OR]:3.771, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.063–13.372, p = 0.04), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (OR: 1.187, 95% CI: 1.050–1.341, p = 0.006), mechanical ventilation (OR: 6.266, 95% CI: 1.771–22.167, p = 0.004) and vasopressor use (OR: 5.224, 95% CI: 1.546–17.657, p = 0.008). Moreover, the independent predictors for not recovering of renal function were male (OR: 3.440, 95% CI: 1.271–9.311, p = 0.015), pre-existing comorbidity of hypertension (OR: 4.207, 95% CI: 1.609-11.000, p = 0.003) and vasopressor use (OR: 5.280, 95% CI: 2.018–13.811, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Male, high APACHE II score, mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use were closely associated with the increased mortality, while male, pre-existing history of hypertension, and vasopressor use were the independent predictors for non-recovery of renal function.
Dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome – characteristics and therapy
Authors: Caban Miłosz , Omulecki Wojciech , Latecka-Krajewska Beata 
Published: March 2022

Background Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease, and its important feature is the lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands, including lacrimal glands. It contributes to defects of their activity and causes that one of the main manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome is dry eye. Unfortunately, the discrimination between dry eye related and non-related to Sjögren's syndrome is difficult at the initial stages of diseases. In addition, the available agents for the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye have limited efficacy. Aim The purpose of this study was to describe and emphasize differences between Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye and non-Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye together with the determination of novel therapeutic options for Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. Method A review of the relevant papers describing characteristics of Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye and its therapy was conducted. This article is based on both pre-clinical and clinical evidences. Results On the basis of our analysis, we indicated differences between Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye and non-Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. Moreover, there are some novel markers that could be used in the diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. In addition, expect artificial tear, other agents e.g. hydroxychloroquine can be effective in therapy of disease. Conclusions Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye is a disorder, whose diagnosis may be difficult and mistaken for non-Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye. However, Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eye has some specific features. In addition, the development of newer and safer therapeutic agents for Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye is needed, and therefore further clinical, randomized studies are necessary.
Synergistic effect of screen-printed Al(OH)3 nanoparticles and phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils on the thermophysiological comfort and high-intensive heat protection properties of flame-retardant fabric
Authors: Kolar Tjaša , Geršak Jelka , Knez Nataša , Kokol Vanja 
Published: March 2022

Al(OH)3 nanoparticles (ATH NPs) and phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils (PCNFs) were used as user-friendly and comfortable coating components on flame-retardant fabric to improve its thermophysiological comfort and high-intensive heat protection properties. The effect of the PCNF imprinting and its attachment after the post-printing of a hydrophobic polyacrylate (AP) on the same (back side) or the other (front) side of the fabric, with and without the addition of ATH NPs, was considered, to maintain the front side (facing the wearer) as hydrophilic while keeping the back side (facing the outside) hydrophobic. The amount of coatings applied and their patterning were studied, varied with the ATH NPs’ concentration (1.7, 3.3 and 6.7 wt%) and screen mesh size used (60 and 135), based on the coating’ mass, fabric’s air permeability, thickness and microstructure. The reduced moisture build-up (55%), increased the water vapour (13%) and heat (12%) transfer from the skin, were assessed by applying PCNF under the AP, being more pronounced in the case of using a 135 mesh-sized screen, given the smaller, more densely distributed, thinner and imprinted pattern coatings. These effects were further improved by the addition of nanoporous ATH NPs, which allowed more homogeneous spreading of the moisture and its faster transport. Such a treatment also shifted the fabric’s degradation temperature towards higher values (up to 15°C), retained up to 30% of high-heat flux (21 kW/m2), prolonged the time to ignition by 11 s and reduced the total heat released by up to 60%, thereby providing better protection when exposed to the heat, due to the presence of the phosphorous (PCNF) promoted generation of an Al2O3 char acting as a barrier layer, while also reducing the production of heat and generation of smoke by 75%.
Severe Lacerations in Alpine Ski Racing: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Holden William M. , Barnum Michael S. , Tarka Mitchell C. , Niederhauser Christoph A. , Jewell Ryan P. , Endres Nathan K. 
Published: March 2022

Lacerations in alpine ski racers caused by the sharp metal edge of the ski are potentially severe and even life-threatening injuries. To date, there has been little published on these injuries. This case series reports on 5 cases of severe lacerations in alpine ski racers and details slope side management, initial evaluation, and definitive treatment. By publishing this case series, it is hoped to promote further investigation into the mechanism of these injuries and strategies for prevention. Study Design: Case series. Level of evidence: Level 4C.
Treatment of Large Cartilage Defects in the Knee by Hydrogel-Based Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Two-Year Results of a Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Phase III Trial
Authors: Niemeyer P. , Hanus M. , Belickas J. , László T. , Gudas R. , Fiodorovas M. , Cebatorius A. , Pastucha M. , Hoza P. , Magos K. , Izadpanah K. , Paša L. , Vásárhelyi G. , Sisák K. , Mohyla M. , Farkas C. , Kessler O. , Kybal S. , Spiro R. , Köhler A. , Kirner A. , Trattnig S. , Gaissmaier C. 
Published: March 2022

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of a hydrogel-based autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for large articular cartilage defects in the knee joint. Design Prospective, multicenter, single-arm, phase III clinical trial. ACI was performed in 100 patients with focal full-thickness cartilage defects ranging from 4 to 12 cm2 in size. The primary outcome measure was the responder rate at 2 years using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Results Two years after ACI treatment, 93% of patients were KOOS responders having improved by ≥10 points compared with their pre-operative level. The primary endpoint of the study was met and demonstrated that the KOOS response rate is markedly greater than 40% with a lower 95% CI (confidence interval) of 86.1, more than twice the pre-specified no-effect level. KOOS improvement (least squares mean) was 42.0 ± 1.8 points (95% CI between 38.4 and 45.7). Mean changes from baseline were significant in the overall KOOS and in all 5 KOOS subscores from Month 3 (first measurement) to Month 24 (inclusive) ( P < 0.0001). The mean MOCART (Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue) score after 24 months reached 80.0 points (95% CI: 70.0-90.0 points) and 92.1 points in lesions ≤ 5 cm2. Conclusions Overall, hydrogel-based ACI proved to be a valuable treatment option for patients with large cartilage defects in the knee as demonstrated by early, statistically significant, and clinically meaningful improvement up to 2 years follow-up. Parallel to the clinical improvements, MRI analyses suggested increasing maturation, re-organization, and integration of the repair tissue. Trial Registration NCT03319797; EudraCT No.: 2016-002817-22.
Acute anterolateral knee instability in adults: combined proximal ACL and ALL injury repair is not inferior to standard ACL reconstruction with LET in 2 years.
Authors: Ferretti Andrea , Carrozzo Alessandro , Annibaldi Alessandro , Monaco Edoardo 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The objective was to compare the clinical results of ACL and ALL repair with those of standard ACL reconstruction + LET. The hypothesis was that combined repair is non-inferior to standard reconstruction + LET in adults with acute anterolateral knee instability. Methods: Patients with severe acute anterolateral instability (ACL + ALL injuries) who underwent early ACL surgery (injury-to-surgery interval < 14 days), a total of 58 patients, were prospectively enrolled in the study. ACL injuries were classified according to the Sherman classification. Patients with a proximal injury (types 1 and 2) were assigned to receive ACL repair (ACLrep) (n = 37), patients with types 3 and 4 and moderate tissue quality (n = 21) were assigned to receive ACL reconstruction (ACLrec) + lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET). Repair consisted of transosseous suture of the stump to the anatomic origin of the ACL and direct repair of the ALL. Reconstruction consisted of standard ACL reconstruction by semitendinosus-gracilis (STG) autograft + LET. PROMs included IKDC, Lysholm, KOOS, and assessment of anteroposterior (AP) knee laxity in 2 years. Results: A sample size calculation showed that 21 patients in each group were needed for a 95% power (with a 95% CI) to show non-inferiority of the repair group considering an arthrometric side-to-side difference of at least +1.5. Patients in the ACLrep group showed better results on all scales: mean IKDC was 95.51 ± 52.4 versus 86.92 ± 13.92 (p = 0.02); mean KOOS was 97.49 ± 2.71 versus 93.50 ± 7.05 (p = 0.009); and mean Lysholm was 96.98 ± 5.14 versus 91.69 ± 10.08 (p = 0.02). There was no difference in the KT1000 measurement (ACLrep: 1.70 ± 1.02; ACLrec: 2.21 ± 0.80; p = 0.11). The one-sided 95% CI was 1.7 (to 2.02) (< at the 3.01 limit for non-inferiority) for ACLrep and 2.21 (to 2.46) for ACLrec, p = 0.147. Therefore, non-inferiority was proven Conclusion: In acute knee instability resulting from a combined ACL and ALL injury, direct repair is non-inferior in terms of PROM and knee laxity compared to standard ACL + LET reconstruction in 2 years.
Outcomes of lateral meniscus posterior root tear repair combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after at least two years of follow-up
Authors: Thaunat Mathieu , Deleissegues Tristan , Fayard1 Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of lateral meniscus posterior root tear (LMPRT) repair at a minimum follow-up of two years. It was hypothesized that LMPRT repair would result in a low rate of surgical revision with good knee laxity control and satisfactory objective and subjective scores. Methods: This was a retrospective study analyzing prospectively collected data. All patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction from March 2015 to August 2018, performed by two surgeons (blinded), were considered for study eligibility. Clinical evaluations were performed at 3, 6,12 and 24 months. Patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively with the objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation form, the Lysholm score and the Tegner Activity Scale (TAS). Complications and revision surgeries were also recorded. Results: The final study population comprised 99 LMPRT repairs. Ten (10.1%) patients underwent ipsilateral revision surgery at a mean follow-up of 42 months, for a total of 11 procedures. There was one graft failure with concomitant LMPRT at 25 months follow-up due to a high-risk sport trauma in a professional athlete. Postoperative side-to-side laxity significantly decreased at the last follow-up with a mean of 0.6 ± 0.7 mm (p <0.0001). The mean preoperative subjective IKDC score was 56.2 ± 13.9 and increased to 86.9 ± 7.6 postoperatively (p <0.0001). The Lysholm score was 61.6 ± 13.1 before surgery and 90.7 ± 6.7 after surgery (p <0.0001). The mean preoperative TAS was 7.1 ± 1.1 and decreased to 6.6 ± 1.3 postoperatively (p <0.006). Arthroscopic healing was obtained for the ten patients who underwent revision surgery. Nine of these patients (90%) had arthroscopic proof of a fully healed LMPRT. One patient did not heal completely and required arthroscopic resection. Conclusion: LMPRT occurs concomitantly with ACL injury in 6 to 12% of the cases and repair should be routine. This is supported by excellent postoperative results after LMPRT repair at a minimum follow-up of 2 years.
Biceps-related complications after tenotomy associated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: risk factors and clinical impact
Authors: Ranieri Riccardo , Nabergoj Marko , Le Coz Pierre , Lädermann Alexandre , Collin Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Many studies have investigated the differences between tenotomy and tenodesis, while only a few have specifically examined the results of tenotomy associated with rotator cuff repair (RCR). Our aim is to report the rate of biceps-related complications after long head of biceps (LHB) tenotomy associated with RCR. Methods: A single-center prospective observational study was conducted between 2015 and 2017 on consecutive patients who underwent RCR associated with LHB tenotomy. Patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively, at 6 months (also by ultrasound) and 1 year, and screened for postoperative Popeye deformity, cramps and bicipital discomfort. Each complication was analyzed for the following risk factors: age, gender, BMI, dominant arm, manual work, type of tear, tendon healing. Finally, clinical outcome was compared between patients with at least one complication and those with none. Results: 207 patients were analyzed. Cramps, Popeye deformity, and discomfort, were, respectively, present in 16 (7.7%), 38 (18.4%) and 52 (25.1%) cases at 6 months and 17 (8.2%), 18 (8.7%) and 24 (11.6%) cases at 1 year. Cramps were associated with lower age (1 year-increase OR = 0.88-95% CI, 0.81-0.96-), higher BMI (1 point-increase OR = 1.1-95% CI, 1.02 -1.23-), single tendon tear (P = 0.0168), manual work (OR = 5.0-95% CI, 1.5-16.0-) at 6 months and manual work (OR = 2.9-95% CI, 1.1-8.3-) at 1 year. Objective Popeye deformity was associated with male gender at 6 months (OR = 6.9-95% CI, 3.0-15.5-). Discomfort was associated with lower age (OR = 0.94-95% CI, 0.90-0.98-), manual work (OR = 2.3 -95% CI, 1.2-4.3-), Popeye deformity (OR = 2.3-95% CI, 1.1-4.9-) at 6 months and manual work (OR = 2.8-95% CI, 1.1-6.6-), single tendon tear (OR = 4.9 -95% CI, 1.1-21.3-) and Popeye deformity (OR = 3.4 -95% CI, 1.1-10.7-) at 1 year. Patients without complications showed a significantly higher Constant, pain and SSV score (75.4 vs 70.4, P = .00252; 0.9 vs 1.9, P <0.00001; 80.2 vs 76.4; P =.00124) at 6 months, and pain and SSV score (0.6 vs 2.0; P = 0.00044; 91.1 vs 77.8; P = <0.00001) at 1 year. Conclusion: Younger age, higher BMI, manual work and single tendon tears are risk factors associated with biceps-related symptoms during the first year. Popeye deformity occurs more frequently in males and is associated with discomfort. Nevertheless, the short-term clinical influence of biceps complications on shoulder outcome is very limited.