bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Few geriatric heart failure patients investigated according to clinical guidelines: a retrospective review of patient records
Authors: Wessberg Marianne Reimers , Seiger Åke , Fastbom Johan , Eriksdotter Maria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Research on heart failure (HF) has often focused on younger patients. The aim of this study was to analyze extent of investigation and treatment among older patients prior to referral to inpatient geriatric care for worsening of HF.Methods: Data on etiology, ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography (ECHO), level of functioning according to New York Heart Association (NYHA), analysis of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro-BNP), ongoing treatment, adherence to guidelines, and information from previous caregiver were collected from patient records prior to admission from a sample of 134 patients. Results: Few patients had been examined by a cardiologist (14%) during the year prior to referral. EF assessment had been performed in 78% (n=105). The patients were categorized as having HF with reduced (HFrEF 28%), preserved (HFpEF53%) or mid-range (HFmrEF 19%) EF. HFpEF patients had older EF assessments (mean 517 days) than those with HFrEF (385 days). In 61% (n=82) at least one assessment with NT-Pro-BNP had been performed, being older among patients with HFpEF (290 days vs 16 days). Information about NYHA class was found in 4 patients (3%) only.There was a strong positive correlation (OR 4.9, p=0.001) between having recent assessments of EF and NT-Pro-BNP (n=30, 21%) and being presented with etiology in the referral, adjusted for EF, age, sex, and comorbidity. It was not possible to estimate adherence to treatment guidelines since NYHA assessment was rarely performed. However, in a subgroup of patients with EF<35%, it was found that 19% were treated with mineral receptor antagonists according to guidelines.Conclusions: The three major findings were that only a minority of the patients had had a recent contact with a cardiologist, that the investigations were old and that information on investigations was strongly correlated to information about etiology in the referral. The insufficient investigations, the lack of contribution from cardiologists and the poor referral information on etiology may lead to less optimal treatment of HF in older people. Improving adherence to HF guidelines regarding investigation and treatment for HF in older people is therefore urgent and calls for more collaboration between specialists in cardiology and geriatric medicine.
Algorithmic Decision-Making Concerns for Software: Non- Functional Requirement Elicitation as a Solution
Authors: Otuneme Nzechukwu , Monday Eze , Kuyoro Afolashade , Ayankoya Folasade 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Millions of software are lunched yearly and this software depend on data to produce required output. Personal data privacy and security has been a source of public concern for some time, and is usually interpreted in terms of data obtained from interaction with software. It is difficult to know whether a software system's decisions are fair and what considerations were put in place in the system's internal decision-making process if the system's decisions are opaque. This has the potential to cause injustice and bias. In addition, a lack of openness may lead to a decrease in user acceptance and happiness. Algorithmic data-driven decision-making systems are becoming more automated, and they've had a lot of success in a lot of different applications. The General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union and other regulations limits algorithmic use of personal data and has fueled the dispute over the right to disclosure. This research adapted a crowd requirements elicitation model to develop a framework for the proper elicitation non-functional requirement. The developed model uses natural language processing integrated into a chatbot and a document extraction strategy since non-functional requirement exist also as government regulations and industrial standards. Proper and comprehensive elicitation of non-functional requirements will give accurate information on how the system performs its required task and such documents are best in terms of openness to the use of data by algorithms to avoid algorithm decision making concerns.
Foot Anatomical Structural Variations Increase the Risk of Falls
Authors: Sánchez-Sanjuan Almudena , Romero-Morales Carlos , Alfaro-Santafé Javier , Almenar-Arasanz Alejandro Jesús , Gómez-Bernal Antonio , Pareja-Galeano Helios 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Falls are common among older adults. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between foot anatomical structural variations and balance in older adults and quantify foot posture and stabilometry as predictors of falls risk. Case-control study in older adults, classified as cases or controls according to falls in the last five years. All the subjects were healthy women and men and > 65 years old (n = 164), who were divided into two groups: 83 individuals who had suffered from a fall in the previous five years (case group) and 81 individuals who had not suffered from a fall (control group). There were found strong correlations among the variables, specifically gender, Hallux abductus valgus (HAV) and tailor’s bunion. Women have a higher probability to suffer from falls. HAV and tailor’s bunion also increased fall probability (p = .042, p = .069 respectively). Foot anatomical structural variations (HAV and tailor’s bunion) linked to gender and age, in-crease falls risk among older adults. In women fallers with HAV, there were a higher possibility of risk of falling (63.89%). In older than 70 with HAV, the percentage of falls is high (62%). Fall-ers with tailor´s bunion (60.66%) are more numerous than fallers without this pathology. Older adults with HAV and tailor´s bunion had twice probability to suffer a fall than older people without foot anatomical structural. Foot anatomical structural variations (HAV and tailor´s bunion) are risk factors of falls.
Research on a new method for estimating number of ≥ 10-50 μm viable organisms in ballast water based on FDA pulse counting
Authors: Yang Minyuan , Wang Qiong , Wei Kunyu , Huifang Wang , Wu Huixian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Indicative analysis can detect the compliance for the ballast water performance standard by the Port State Control (PSC) using compliance monitoring devices after the ship arriving at the port. A wide range of application of compliance monitoring devices can improve the efficiency of PSC inspection. This study evaluates a novel compliance monitoring device for the rapid detection of ≥ 10-50 μm organisms in ballast water for the purpose of biological invasion prevention and control. The feasibility and possible problems of its practical application are analyzed. Using an FDA-based pulse counting device, we explored the impact of sample transport on analytical results. The results showed that when the sample transportation time is less than 120 min, the results of the device had a good correlation, and the results of whether the sample complies the D-2 standard were consistent. In the laboratory, we compared the detection accuracy of the device and the microscope using ballast water samples from ships arriving in Shanghai Port. The results showed that the detection results of the device were significantly lower than the microscope analysis. We analyze the detection deficiencies of devices based on FDA-based pulse counting and the challenges of devices to detect organisms in ballast water. Our results clearly illustrate the problems that can be encountered when using compliance monitoring devices for ballast water. This study is of great interest to improve the efficiency of PSC inspections and product development and improvement for manufacturers of CMDs.
Joint analysis of PK and immunogenicity outcomes using factorization model − a powerful approach for PK similarity study
Authors: Haliduola Halimu N. , Berti Fausto , Stroissnig Heimo , Guenzi Eric , Otto Hendrik , Sattar Abid , Mansmann Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Biological products, whether they are innovator products or biosimilars, can incite an immunogenic response ensuing in the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). The presence of ADA’s often affects the drug clearance, resulting in an increase in the variability of pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis and challenges in the design and analysis of PK similarity studies. Immunogenic response is a complex process which may be manifested by product and non-product-related factors. Potential imbalances in non-product-related factors between treatment groups may lead to differences in antibodies formation and thus in PK outcome. The current standard statistical approaches dismiss any associations between immunogenicity and PK outcomes. However, we consider PK and immunogenicity as the two correlated outcomes of the study treatment. In this research, we propose a factorization model for the simultaneous analysis of PK parameters (normal variable after taking log-transformation) and immunogenic response subgroup (binary variable). The central principle of the factorization model is to describe the likelihood function as the product of the marginal distribution of one outcome and the conditional distribution of the second outcome given the previous one. Factorization model captures the additional information contained in the correlation between the outcomes, it is more efficient than models that ignore potential dependencies between the outcomes. In our context, factorization model accounts for variability in PK data by considering the influence of immunogenicity. Based on our simulation studies, the factorization model provides more accurate and efficient estimates of the treatment effect in the PK data by taking into account the impact of immunogenicity. These findings are supported by two PK similarity clinical studies with a highly immunogenic biologic.
Frustrate microstructures composed PbS cluster’s size perspective from XRD by variant models of Williamson-Hall plot method
Authors: Tirpude M. P. , Tayade N. T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coherent crystalline domain Size of a particle is well understood and investigable from the broadening of XRD peaks by Williamson-Hall (WH) method in connection with a strain, and it has a close correlation with the strain, stress, energy density, defects/dislocations. The coherent domain size of binary semiconducting material particles is being interlinked with the applications like sensors, solar systems, photo-detectors, photocatalyst etc. In the present work, the frustrated cluster of PbS elucidated the perspective of different models of the WH method. Frustrated microstructural PbScluster was prepared, confirmed and rendered its microstructural analysis from the XRD data and SEM. Eight various approaches as the variant models of the Williamson Hall plotting methods have been tested. It includes the models like Balzar approach, UDM, UDSM, UDEDM, modified WH model, Ehkl/E0ratio model, Direct fitting of simplified WH model with introducing new approach and the modified Kibasomba-WH model which uses linearization of Scherrer equation with the WH method. Present work lightens the USDM and UDEDM sizes in an account of a Zener constant. The other non-WH methods like the Scherrer formula method, modified Scherrer method, Stress-Strain methods and Halder-Wagner method are also included for comparison and to see their status in a cluster of frustrated structures. The sizes in connection with strain, stress, energy density, dislocation and stacking fault, have been also investigated for the frustrated PbS cluster.
Numerical investigation of the influence of banded sand ditches on water infiltration in fine-textured soil
Authors: Fan Yanwei , Zhang Changyan , Wei Hujun , Shi Wen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Enhancing rainwater infiltration is important to reduce the risk of urban waterlogging and improve the utilization rate of urban rainwater resources. Using the HYDRUS model, a mathematical model of soil water movement under a banded sand ditch pattern (the vertical excavation of a deep trench with heavy soil and filled with light soil) was created. Forty-six scenarios were designed to examine effects of sand ditch soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kss), original homogenous fine-textured soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kso), sand ditch width (W), spacing (S), and depth (D) on the soil infiltration rate (i). Results indicate that banded sand ditches cause increased permeation and have a significant turning point ‘t0’ in the curve of ‘i’ for ‘t.’ Taking ‘t0’ as the boundary, ‘i’ can be divided into two stages (t ≤ t0 and t &gt; t0), ‘i’ and ‘t,’ for each stage according to the power function relationship; there is little change in power function indices, which can be fixed at 0.34 and 0.63, respectively. In addition, the coefficient has a linear relationship with Kss, Kso, W, S, and D. Thus, an estimation model of the soil infiltration rate under a banded sand ditch pattern was proposed and verified for reliability.
The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Key Signaling Pathways as a Novel
Approach to Ameliorating Post-Surgical Adhesions
Authors: Avan Amir , Ensan Behzad , Bathaei Parsa , Nassiri Mohammadreza , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Abdollahi Abbas , Ghorbani Hamid Reza , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Ferns Gordon A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Peritoneal adhesions (PA) are a common complication of abdominal operations. A
growing body of evidence shows that inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis at sites of peritoneal damage
could prevent the development of intra-abdominal adhesions.

Method:
A search of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and Embase databases was performed using the keywords
‘postsurgical adhesion’, ‘post-operative adhesion’, ‘peritoneal adhesion’, ‘surgery-induced adhesion’, and ‘abdominal
adhesion’. Studies detailing the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents for peritoneal
adhesion prevention were identified, and their bibliographies were thoroughly reviewed to identify further related
articles.

Result:
Several signaling pathways such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, tissue plasminogen activator, and
type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor, macrophages, fibroblasts, and mesothelial cells play a key part in the
development of plasminogen activator. Several therapeutic approaches based on anti-PA drug barriers and traditional
herbal medicines have been developed to prevent and treat adhesion formation. In recent years, the
most promising method to prevent PA is believed to be treated using biomaterial-based barriers.

Conclusion:
Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of adhesion formation and various agents
targeting different pathways, including chemical agents, herbal agents, physical barriers, and clinical trials concerning
this matter.
Recent Developments in Proniosomal Transdermal Drug Delivery: An
Overview
Authors: Sabale Vidya , Charde Manjusha , Dumore Nitin , Mahajan Ujwala 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Proniosomes are the stable carriers used for transdermal application as compared to other
vesicular delivery systems like niosomes and liposomes. Oral administration of a drug is associated with
severe GIT irritation and first-pass metabolism. The vesicular drug delivery system includes the basic
concept of niosomes and proniosomes which describes their mechanism of action, structural formation,
interactive study with skin, composition, and method of preparation. Gels contain a high aqueous component
as compared to ointment and creams, due to which they can dissolve high concentrations of
drugs, and thus help the drug to migrate easily through a vehicle, due to which, gels are considered to be
superior in terms of use and patient compliance. This review will focus on the up-to-date research developments
in the use of proniosomes, which are applicable to various diseases. Proniosomes are prepared
mainly by different concentrations of nonionic surfactants, cholesterol, and lecithin by entrapping
hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drugs. In earlier studies, it was found that the non-ionic surfactants
and phospholipids provided higher penetration and it has also been found that some phospholipids have
the ability to fluidize the lipid bilayers of the stratum corneum and diffuse through it. In the future,
proniosomes may gain more importance in the area of melanoma, brain targeting, protein and peptide
drug delivery, gene delivery, hematological drug delivery, and also in cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.
Delivery of Genetic Materials for the Management of Biological Disorders:
Advancement and Roles of Polysaccharides and their Derivatives
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Gupta Nandan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Advancement in nanotechnology leads to the development of polysaccharides which are
very efficient carriers in delivering therapeutic substances like drugs, proteins, and genes. This review
describes the role of polysaccharides and their derivatives in the cellular targeting of genetic materials
for the treatment of various biological disorders. Applications, challenges, advantages, and disadvantages
of polysaccharides used in gene delivery are discussed in the manuscript. Cationic and natural
polysaccharides are generally used for RNA and DNA delivery and exhibit better performance in gene
transfection. After a substantial literature survey, it can be concluded that different polysaccharides and
their derivatives are effectively used in the delivery of genetic material. Natural polysaccharides are
widely used due to their advantageous properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity
in the biological environment.
Computational Drug Shifting Towards Drug-Drug Conjugates and Monoclonal
Antibody Conjugates in the Contradictory Excursion of Asthma
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Noor-ul-Ain  , Shabbir Muhammad Aqib 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Pandemic of COVID-19 has gathered up the surrounding respiratory diseases
such as asthma. The need to combat asthma is an unanswerable question nowadays and about 20-30% of
people are getting into the trap of asthma.

Objectives:
The mechanistic involvement of GPCR receptors in the protuberant signaling pathway such
as Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1 receptor) acts as a projected entry that needs to be inhibited for the
prohibition of asthma.

Methods:
Exaggerative G-proteins of NPSR1 receptors are exposed as a target through GPCR modeling
to point drug targeting. Three Drug-Drug Conjugates (DDCs) are designed through the combination of
nine chemical compounds through methylene bridges and selection was done based on docking energy
and ADMET profiling. Designation of three Monoclonal Antibody Conjugates (MACs) is expedited using
single monoclonal antibodies, linked through EAAAK linkers and the best conjugate was valued
based on docking energy, allergenicity, toxicity, and surface accessibility leading towards cloning and
expression.

Results:
The best Drug-Drug Conjugate was Fluoroquinolone and 1-Indanone conjugate which possessed
-7.7 Kcal/mol docking energy, lipophilicity 6.41, water solubility 1.19e-09 mg/ml, and pharmacokinetics
-8.31 cm/s, indicating it to act as best drug candidate. The best Monoclonal Antibody Conjugate was
Ustekinumab and Belimumab conjugate which retained -383.1 Kcal/mol docking energy, computed as
non-allergen and nontoxic.

Conclusion::
The use of MACs and DDCs may prove an effective treatment for lethal diseases like asthma
and the future exertion will support the in vitro synthesis delivered in this study of conjugation against
bronchial diseases.
Fragment-Based Drug Design, 2D-QSAR and DFT Calculation: Scaffolds
of 1, 2, 4, triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-7-amines as Potential Inhibitors of
Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Iwaloye Opeyemi , Elekofehinti Olusola Olalekan , Olawale Femi , Chukwuemeka Prosper Obed , Kikiowo Babatomiwa , Folorunso Ibukun Mary 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDODH) is one of the
enzymes currently explored in the treatment of malaria. Although there is currently no clinically approved
drug targeting PfDODH, many of the compounds in clinical trials have [1, 2, 4,] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-
7-amine backbone structure.

Objective:
This study sought to design new compounds from the fragments of known experimental inhibitors
of PfDODH.

Methods:
Nine experimental compounds retrieved from Drug Bank online were downloaded and broken
into fragments using the Schrodinger power shell; the fragments were recombined to generate new ligand
structures using the BREED algorithm. The new compounds were docked with PfDODH crystal structure,
after which the compounds were filtered with extensive drug-likeness and toxicity parameters. A
2D-QSAR model was built using the multiple linear regression method and externally validated. The
electronic properties of the compounds were calculated using the density functional theory method.

Results:
Structural investigation of the six designed compounds, which had superior binding energies
than the standard inhibitors, showed that five of them had [1, 2, 4,] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-7-amine
moieties and interacted with essential residues at the PfDODH binding site. In addition to their drug-like
and pharmacokinetic properties, they also showed minimal toxicities. The externally validated 2D-QSAR
model with R2 and Q2 values of 0.6852 and 0.6691 confirmed the inhibitory prowess of these compounds
against PfDODH. The DFT calculations showed regions of the molecules prone to electrophilic and nucleophilic
attacks.

Conclusion:
The current study thus provides insight into the development of a new set of potent PfDODH
inhibitors.
Glucose Treatment Targets in Pregnancy - A Review of Evidence and
Guidelines
Authors: Byford Abigail R. , Forbes Karen , Scott Eleanor M. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Maternal diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is associated with an increased
risk of pregnancy complications for both the mother and the fetus. One of the most prevalent
complications is pathological fetal growth, and particularly infants are born large for gestational
age (LGA), which leads to problematic deliveries, including the need for caesarean section,
instrumental delivery, and further perinatal complications. Glucose monitoring during pregnancy is
essential for ensuring appropriate glycaemic control and to reduce these associated risks. The current
methods of glucose monitoring include measuring glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), selfmonitoring
of capillary blood glucose (SMBG), and more recently, continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM). Observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the appropriate
glycaemic targets for HbA1c, SMBG, and CGM in relation to pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:
In this review, we have identified current international guidelines on glycaemic targets
and reviewed the supporting evidence.

Method:
We performed an extensive literature search on glycaemic targets in pregnancies affected
by diabetes, and we researched international guidelines from recognised societies.

Results and Conclusion:
The majority of studies used to define the glucose targets associated with
the best pregnancy outcomes, across all modalities, were in women with type 1 diabetes. There
were limited studies on women with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. We, therefore, suggest
that further research needs be conducted on glucose targets and clinical outcomes, specifically
in these populations where CGM technology offers the greatest potential for monitoring glucose
and improving pregnancy outcomes.