bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of early versus late caffeine therapy in managing apnoea of prematurity among preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yun Won Zi , Kassab Yaman Walid , Yao Liew Mei , Khairuddin Norliyana , Ming Long Chiau , Hadi Muhammad Abdul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Early administration of intravenous (IV) caffeine (initiation within 2 days of life) is an effective treatment strategy for the management of apnoea of prematurity among infants. However, the safety and effectiveness of early administration of oral caffeine treatment is not be fully established.

Aim
We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of early versus late caffeine therapy on preterm infants’ clinical outcomes.

Method
A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted using data of patients admitted to neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary care hospitals between January 2016 and December 2018. The clinical outcomes and mortality risk between early caffeine (initiation within 2 days of life) and late caffeine (initiation ≥ 3 days of life) were compared.

Results
Ninety-five pairs matched based on gestational age were included in the study. Compared to late initiation, preterm infants with early caffeine therapy had: a shorter duration of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (median 5 days vs. 12 days; p < 0.001); shorter length of hospital stay (median 26 days vs. 44 days; p  < 0.001); shorter duration to achieve full enteral feeding (median 5 days vs. 11 days; p < 0.001); and lower frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (4.5% vs. 12.9%; p = 0.045). They also had a reduced risk of osteopenia of prematurity (OP) (OR 0.209; 95% CI 0.085–0.509; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Early oral caffeine therapy can potentially improve respiratory outcomes among infants with apnoea of prematurity. However, an increase in mortality associated with early caffeine therapy requires further investigation.
Green new hiring
Authors: Darendeli Alper , Law Kelvin K. F. , Shen Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe mere marketing of firms as environmentally friendly does not mean that the firms are genuinely green. In this paper, we propose a new measure,Green Score, to capture firms’ investment in green human capital based on the concentration of green skills required in firms’ job postings. First, we find that firms that increase theirGreen Scorehave higher future profitability. Second, firms that increase theirGreen Scoregenerate more green patents, and those green patents are of higher quality and receive more citations. Third, traditional ratings widely used to evaluate firms’ environmental efforts do not consider firms’Green Score. Overall, our new action-based measure is simpler and less subjective and it offers a larger time-series variation than traditional disclosure-based environmental ratings.
A myth debunked. The Porosphaera globularis beads and their relation to the onset of symbolic thinking in prehistory
Authors: Berruti Gabriele Luigi Francesco , Sigari Dario , Zanasi Cristiana , Bertola Stefano , Ceresa Allison , Arzarello Marta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBecause of their inherent symbolic significance, personal ornaments gained a key role in the scientific debate regarding the emergence and evolution of symbolic behaviour; the presumed Acheulean beads discovered in the nineteenth century in northern Europe’s sites are considered crucial evidence of this. The fossils of the sponge Porosphaera globularis, because of their morphological characteristics, have been interpreted by some archaeologists as the starting point of this evolutionary path. In this work, the largest collection of Porosphaera globularis specimens is analysed, after remaining unpublished to this day. This was originally found in the French site of Saint-Acheul and preserved at the Civic Museums of Modena. An integrated analysis was carried out to understand whether these fossils were indeed used as beads; results revealed that they were actually not used as ornaments. This suggests the importance of finding strong arguments and evidence to support theories about the development of cognitive abilities in the genus Homo.
Touching data with PropellerHand
Authors: Achberger Alexander , Heyen Frank , Vidackovic Kresimir , Sedlmair Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Immersive analytics often takes place in virtual environments which promise the users immersion. To fulfill this promise, sensory feedback, such as haptics, is an important component, which is however not well supported yet. Existing haptic devices are often expensive, stationary, or occupy the user’s hand, preventing them from grasping objects or using a controller. We propose PropellerHand, an ungrounded hand-mounted haptic device with two rotatable propellers, that allows exerting forces on the hand without obstructing hand use. PropellerHand is able to simulate feedback such as weight and torque by generating thrust up to 11 N in 2-DOF and a torque of 1.87 Nm in 2-DOF. Its design builds on our experience from quantitative and qualitative experiments with different form factors and parts. We evaluated our prototype through a qualitative user study in various VR scenarios that required participants to manipulate virtual objects in different ways, while changing between torques and directional forces. Results show that PropellerHand improves users’ immersion in virtual reality. Additionally, we conducted a second user study in the field of immersive visualization to investigate the potential benefits of PropellerHand there.

Graphical abstract
Destinations of third-generation Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths in Jilin and its effects on population genetic diversity
Authors: Sun Wei , Su Qianfu , Yang Wei , Zhou Jiachun , Gao Yuebo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThird-generation oriental armyworm larvae,Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), have caused considerable economic losses in Jilin. Understanding the occurrence, regularity and return movement of third-generation adults is crucial for pest forecasting. The study was conducted using systemic monitoring, radar observations and molecular markers from 2015 to 2019. The main results are as follows: (1) third-generation moths were regularly captured from late August to late September. These moths have been attributed to local emergence and were identified as an “emigration population.” Wind speed and temperature were advantageous for moth migration, and advantageous northeasterly winds account for 9.6% of the total. Radar studies determined that the migrant flying height was mainly below 600 m. Moths migrated over a range of directions, including their return movements. Forward trajectories predicted that the destination regions of the Korean Peninsula, the Russian Far East, and northern China were unfavorable for survival. (2) A total of 29 haplotypes were detected. There were unique haplotypes between two sampling years. The haplotype analysis indicated similar content in the two sampling years. The haplotype diversity indices appear to have been maintained. Overall, our findings indicate that the moths did not make a successful return flight, but the genetic diversity was unaffected.
Groups as automorphisms of dessins d’enfants
Authors: Cañas Alejandro , Hidalgo Rubén A. , Turiel Francisco Javier , Viruel Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is known that every finite group can be represented as the full group of automorphisms of a suitable compact dessin d’enfant. In this paper, we give a constructive and easy proof that the same holds for any countable group by considering non-compact dessins. Moreover, we show that any tame action of a countable group is so realisable.
Determination of the linear viscoelastic material behaviour of interlayers with semi-crystalline structures shown by the example of a semi-crystalline ionomer
Authors: Schuster Miriam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe temperature dependent linear viscoelastic material behaviour of the most commonly used interlayer PVB is typically determined by means of Dynamic-Mechanical-Thermal-Analysis (DMTA). By horizontally shifting the isothermal modulus curves, a mastercurve is created at a certain reference temperature, which can then be mathematically approximated with a Prony series. A time–temperature superposition principle can be derived from the shift factors. In contrast to PVB, EVA and ionomer (or ionoplastic) interlayers have semi-crystalline structures that melt when the melting temperature is reached and form again when the sample is cooled below the crystallization temperature. The exact structure and number of crystallites depend e.g. on the cooling rate and the physical age (or thermal prehistory) of the sample. These factors must be taken into account in the experimental determination of the material parameters with DMTA. Using the example of SentryGlas®, this article shows that the stiffness of semi-crystalline interlayers is affected by the crystallinity. Mastercurves from DMTA with different temperature programs are created. The degrees of crystallization for the different temperature programs are determined with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). A time–temperature superposition principle, which applies to the purely amorphous material, and a time-crystallinity superposition principle are derived, which enable the determination of the material parameters for different temperatures and degrees of crystallization.
Virtuelle Unterrichtsszenarien in der Lehrpersonenbildung – eine Studie zur Akzeptanz, Immersion und zum Präsenzerleben mit Studierenden der Berufs- und Technikpädagogik
Authors: Kunz Katharina , Zinn Bernd 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungVirtuelle Realitäten ermöglichen neue Lernumgebungen in der Lehrpersonenbildung. Der Beitrag geht hierzu der Frage nach, inwiefern 360°-Videos in Virtual Reality geeignet sind, um realitätsnahe handlungsorientierte Lernsituationen im Lehramtsstudium abzubilden. Zur Abschätzung einer technologie- und zielgruppenbezogenen Eignung wurden virtuelle Unterrichtsszenarien auf der Basis von 360°-Videos entwickelt und mit Studierenden im Lehramt an berufsbildenden Schulen sowie Studierenden der Berufspädagogik in einem quasi-experimentellen Setting getestet. Die Ergebnisse belegen eine hohe Akzeptanz gegenüber der virtuellen Technologie. Bei den Teilnehmenden wurden ein hohes Immersions- und Präsenzerleben festgestellt. Zudem liefert die Studie mit ihren qualitativen Befunden Hinweise zur Konzeptionierung und Optimierung für die Nutzung virtueller Lernumgebungen in der Lehrpersonenbildung und liefert Forschungsdesiderata.
Consumer motivations and desired product attributes for 2.0 plant-based products: a conceptual model of consumer insight for market-oriented product development and marketing
Authors: Beacom Emma , Repar Lana , Bogue Joe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe plant-based product (PBP) market sector is rapidly growing, but there is a noted lack of qualitative data examining consumers’ perceptions of these products. This study aimed to examine consumers perceptions and usage of plant-based products and brands to further refine and extend our understanding of the different layers of contemporary plant-based consumption. Online consumer focus groups (n = 6) were used to gather qualitative data from consumers (n = 20) in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Qualitative analysis was conducted using NVivo v.26 where a content analysis procedure was used to reduce data into categories and sub-categories, after which data within categories was analysed to identify themes. Six overarching themes were identified: (1) Pro-social and moral motivations as most prominent in influencing PBP consumption; (2) Personal and sociocultural reasons as emerging motivators on PBP consumption; (3) Brand, ingredients, flavour and price as key attributes; (4) Natural, unprocessed PBPs as most appealing; (5) Replicating functional and nutritional properties of animal protein as more important than replicating sensory properties; and (6) Locally produced products and brands as preferred. A conceptual model of consumer insights required for market-oriented PBP development and marketing is produced. This model is consumer led, and confirms and extends/refines knowledge on motivations for consumption, evaluation of product attributes, and market gaps and improvements for a new generation of PBPs.
Surveillance of COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons in the US South: The role of economic distress in the communities surrounding prison facilities
Authors: Gu Mofan , Pro George , Zaller Nickolas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The US South is the epicenter of the epidemic of mass incarceration. Prisons have experienced substantial challenges in preventing COVID-19. Incarcerated individuals and prison staff are at a high risk for infection due to minimal available preventive measures. Prisons are not closed systems and many staff come from communities in close proximity to the facility. Characteristics of the communities immediately surrounding prisons are an overlooked but critical factor to better understand the role prisons play in pandemics.

Methods:
We used facility-level COVID-19 data from the COVID Prison Project to identify the number of unique outbreaks between May 2019 and May 2020. We used a county-level composite indicator of economic distress (DCI score) to identify the environment surrounding each prison (2015–2019). We modeled the number of outbreaks to DCI scores using negative binomial regression, adjusting for race/ethnicity (African American and Latino/Hispanic), age (65 and older), and rurality level.

Results:
Our sample included 570 prisons in 368 counties across 13 Southern states. We found that score was positively and significantly associated with prison COVID-19 outbreaks (aRR, 1.012; p < 0.0001), and rurality was potentially a stronger surrogate measure of economic distress (aRR, 1.35; p, 0.02). Economic stability is a key precursor to physical health. Poorer communities have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic, and we found that prisons located in these communities were more susceptible to recurring outbreaks. Prison-based disease prevention interventions should consider the impact that the outside world has on the health of incarcerated individuals.
Being a Nurse During a Worldwide Pandemic: A Qualitative Study Exploring Nurses’ Perceived Challenges and Expectations During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Evgin Derya , Şener Taplak Ayşe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
Determining the health-care experiences, problems, and difficulties of nurses during a pandemic is important to shape the measures of nursing care management. This study aimed to better understand clinical nurses’ challenges and expectations surrounding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted. The study sampling comprised of 48 clinical nurses who have worked in pandemic hospitals. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and evaluated based on the content analysis method.

Results:
In this study, 6 main themes were determined as intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional/organizational, community, policies and system challenges, and expectations. Based on the results, nurses’ perceived challenges were psychological distress, dilemma, safety and security issues, workload increased, disruption in family and social relationships, stigmatization encountered, and not making their voices heard enough due to the lack of nurses in the scientific advisory board. Nurses’ expectations were determined as improvement of their personal rights and institutional psychosocial support.

Discussion:
The results of this study can be used as a guide for action plans to support nurses, develop health-care protocols for safe patient care, and create family and pandemic support systems.
Finding the Epistocrats
Authors: Kogelmann Brian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConcerned about widespread incompetence among voters in democratic societies, epistocrats propose quasi-democratic electoral systems that amplify the voices of competent voters while silencing (or perhaps just subduing) the voices of those deemed incompetent. In order to amplify the voices of the competent we first need to know what counts as political competence, and then we need a way of identifying those who possess the relevant characteristics. After developing an account of what it means to be politically competent, I argue that there is no way for the epistocrat to identify such persons. Therefore, epistocracy cannot be implemented.
Social environment as a modulator of immunosenescence
Authors: Garrido A. , Martínez de Toda I. , Díaz del Cerro E. , Félix J. , Ceprián N. , González-Sánchez M. , De la Fuente M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Immune system aging, a process known as immunosenescence, involves a striking rearrangement affecting all immune cells, resulting in an increased rate of infections and a major incidence of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Nonetheless, differences in how individuals of the same chronological age carry out this immunosenescence establishment and thus the aging rate have been reported. In the context of neuroimmunoendocrine communication and its role in the response to stress situations, growing evidence suggests that social environments profoundly influence all physiological responses, especially those linked to immunity. Accordingly, negative contexts (loneliness in humans/social isolation in rodents) were associated with immune impairments and decreased lifespan. However, positive social environments have been correlated with adequate immunity and increased lifespan. Therefore, the social context in which an individual lives is proposed as a decisive modulator of the immunosenescence process and, consequently, of the rate of aging. In this review, the most important findings regarding how different social environments (negative and positive) modulate immunosenescence and therefore the aging rate, as well as the role of stress responses, hormesis, and resilience in these environments will be explained. Finally, several possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of negative and positive environments on immunosenescence will be suggested.
Long-term home parenteral nutrition and profile of amino acids in serum and their loss in urine
Authors: Dastych Milan , Šenkyřík Michal , Mikušková Alena , Dastych Milan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmino acids are an essential part of parenteral nutrition. This study aimed to determine the serum profile of amino acids and their loss in urine in patients with long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) during 12 h of infusion in comparison with similar parameters in the remaining 12 h as well as in healthy participants. We enrolled forty-five patients with long-term HPN for 6–75 (median, 33) months. The indication for HPN was short bowel syndrome secondary to radical resection of the small intestine following complications of Crohn’s disease. HPN was administered via two-chamber all-in-one bags prepared in a hospital pharmacy overnight for 12 h each day. The average dose of amino acids, carbohydrates and fats administered was 1·5, 3·4 and 0·68 g/kg per d, respectively, at an infusion rate of 0·11, 0·28 and 0·06 g/kg per h, respectively. The levels of essential amino acids in the serum of the patients were not significantly different from those in healthy individuals; however, of the non-essential amino acids, cystine and glutamine levels were lower and glycine and ornithine levels were higher in the patients (P < 0·05). Excretion of amino acids in the urine during 12 h of infusion at an infusion rate of 0·11 g/kg per h was 301 mg, while it was 104 mg during the remaining 12 h (P < 0·0001). Our patients on long-term HPN had a normal serum profile of essential amino acids. The total urinary excretion of amino acids during 12 h of infusion accounted for only 0·34 % (0·23–0·46) of the administered dose.
Dietary fat quantity and quality in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Feng Qiuyu , Yang Mengtong , Dong Hongli , Sun Hong , Chen Sijia , Chen Cong , Zhang Yiqi , Lan Xi , Su Danping , Zeng Guo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe aimed to examine the association between the quantity and quality of dietary fat in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. In total, 1477 singleton pregnant women were included from Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Southwest China. Dietary information was collected by a 3-d 24-h dietary recall. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 gestational weeks. Log-binomial models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% CI. The results showed that total fat intake was positively associated with GDM risk (Q4 v. Q1: RR = 1·40; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·76; Ptrend = 0·001). This association was also observed for the intakes of animal fat and vegetable fat. After stratified by total fat intake (< 30 %E v. ≥ 30 %E), the higher animal fat intake was associated with higher GDM risk in the high-fat group, but the moderate animal fat intake was associated with reduced risk of GDM (T2 v. T1: RR = 0·65; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·96) in the normal-fat group. Vegetable fat intake was positively associated with GDM risk in the high-fat group but not in the normal-fat group. No association between fatty acids intakes and GDM risk was found. In conclusion, total fat, animal and vegetable fat intakes were positively associated with GDM risk, respectively. Whereas when total fat intake was not excessive, higher intakes of animal and vegetable fat were likely irrelevant with increased GDM risk, even the moderate animal fat intake could be linked to lower GDM risk.
High phosphorus supply enhances leaf gas exchange and growth of young Arabica coffee plants under water deficit
Authors: Rakocevic Miroslava , Marchiori Paulo Eduardo R. , Zambrosi Fernando C. B. , Machado Eduardo C. , Maia Aline de Holanda N. , Ribeiro Rafael V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Drought is considered as the major environmental stress affecting coffee production, and high phosphorus (P) supply may alleviate the drought effects on crop metabolism. Here, we hypothesized that high P supply would mitigate the impacts of drought on Arabica coffee physiology, morphology, and biomass accumulation. Potted Arabica coffee plants were grown under two P levels: the recommended P fertilization (P), and twice the recommended fertilization (+P), and two water regimes: well-watered and water withholding for 32 days. Leaf, stem, and root P concentrations were increased under +P, with plants showing higher photosynthesis and growth than the ones receiving the recommended P dose. Higher plant growth under high P supply seems to upregulate leaf photosynthesis through the source–sink relationship. Under the water deficit, the reduction of leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, chlorophyll content, number of plagiotropic branches, plant leaf area, and vegetative biomass production was similar comparing plants fertilized with the recommended P to those supplied with +P. However, Arabica coffee trees under high P supply and water deficit presented morphological and physiological traits similar to plants under well-watered and recommended P fertilization.