bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: He Yujing , Si Yuexiu , Li Xiangyuan , Hong Jiaze , Yu Chiyuan , He Ning 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe effect of tobacco on breast cancer (BC) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between tobacco and BC.MethodsA search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases before February 2022. The adjusted odd ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to examine the relationship between active or passive smoking and BC risk.ResultsA total of 77 articles composed of 2,326,987 participants were included for this meta-analysis. Active (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.11-1.20, p&lt;0.001) and passive (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.09-1.24, p&lt;0.001) smoking increased the risk of BC in the female population, especially premenopausal BC (active smoking: OR=1.24, p&lt;0.001; passive smoking: OR=1.29, p&lt;0.001), but had no effect on postmenopausal BC (active smoking: OR=1.03, p=0.314; passive smoking: OR=1.13, p=0.218). Active smoking increased the risk of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC risk (OR=1.13, p&lt;0.001), but had no effect on estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) BC (OR=1.08, p=0.155). The risk of BC was positively associated with the duration and intensity of smoking, negatively associated with the duration of smoking cessation. Active smoking increased the risk of BC in the multiparous population (OR=1.13, p&lt;0.001), but had no effect on the nulliparous population (OR=1.05, p=0.432), and smoking before the first birth (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.17-1.27) had a greater impact on the risk of BC than smoking after the first birth (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.04-1.12).ConclusionSmoking (active and passive) increased the risk of BC in women. The effect of smoking on BC was influenced by smoking-related factors (duration, intensity, years of quitting), population-related factors (fertility status), and BC subtypes.Systematic Review Registrationidentifier CRD42022322699.
Use of caliper-based external measurement of body surface in assessing the severity of pectus excavatum
Authors: Chen Tian , Chen Chenghao , Zeng Qi , Zhang Yan , Jiao Jinghua , Zhang Xu , Zhang Na , Yu Jie 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionObjective assessment of the severity of pectus excavatum (PE) mainly depends on internal imaging examination, which poses radiation exposure risks and high financial costs. Our study explores the feasibility of caliper-based external measurements of the body surface to assess PE severity.Materials and methodsPatients with PE aged 4–18 years who underwent both internal imaging examinations and external measurements were chosen for the study. Overall, 176 patients underwent surgery and 21 underwent regular observation. The Haller index (HI) and correction index (CI) were used to derive the external measurement indices, HI-caliper and CI-caliper. Receiver-operator characteristic analysis provided the optimal cut-off values and compared the diagnostic values of HI-caliper and CI-caliper. Spearman's correlation coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used to analyze the correlation and consistency between HI-caliper or CI-caliper and HI-CT or CI-CT, respectively. Also, a paired samples t-test was used to compare the differences of HI-caliper or CI-caliper before and after surgery.ResultsHI-caliper and CI-caliper measurements had strong correlations with HI-CT and CI-CT results (rs = 0.70, p &lt; 0.001; rs = 0.69, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. The optimal cut-off values of HI-caliper and CI-caliper were 1.83 (sensitivity = 0.841, specificity = 0.905) and 12% (sensitivity = 0.881, specificity = 0.857), exhibiting comparable diagnostic values with HI-CT and CI-CT. HI-caliper &gt; 1.83 or CI-caliper &gt; 12% had medium intensity consistency with HI-CT ≥ 3.25 or CI-CT ≥ 28% (k = 0.545, 95% confidence interval: 0.374–0.716, p &lt; 0.001). The HI-caliper and CI-caliper values were significantly different before and after surgery.ConclusionCaliper-based external measurement is a feasible method to screen patients who require surgical intervention and for monitoring the progression of PE severity.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: A rare disease with spinal deformity and severe hip dysfunction
Authors: Sun Dong , Liu Peng , Wang Zhaolin , Mu Jianhu , Cao Jian 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionProgressive fibrous dysplasia ossification (FOP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by congenital bone malformations and soft tissue masses that progress to heterotopic ossification. Congenital great toe deformity and progressive heterotopic ossifications with an anatomical and temporal pattern are the two classical clinical characteristics of FOP. We present a unique case of FOP characterized by mandibular angle fascial contracture and back and iliopsoas muscle ossification managed via surgery in a 13 year old girl.Case presentationA 13 year old girl with a history of right cervical fascial release surgery and back heterotopic osteotomy presented to our clinic due to recurrence of heterotopic ossification, scoliosis, and progressive joint stiffness. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination confirmed heterotopic ossification of the left back and left iliopsoas muscle and spinal scoliosis. Two years after the surgery, the patient presented with recurrence of back heterotopic ossification and rapidly advancing ossification of the left iliopsoas muscle. Six months after surgery, the patient had no disability, pain and clinical recurrence, and the joint function recovered.ConclusionsIn patients with multiple-site heterotopic ossification caused by FOP, oral function and hip stiffness improve with detailed facial release surgery and rehabilitation treatment. However, dorsal fascia ossification and spinal scoliosis can recur shortly after resection.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the application of nanotechnology in glioma
Authors: Du Xue , Chen Chunbao , Yang Lu , Cui Yu , Tan Bangxian 
Published: September 2022

Background: Glioma is the most prevalent malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its highly invasive characteristics and the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the early diagnosis and treatment of glioma remains a major challenge in cancer. With the flourishing development of nanotechnology, targeted nano-therapy for glioma has become a hot topic of current research by using the characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs), such as it is easier to pass the blood–brain barrier, degradable, and aids controllable release of drugs in the brain. The purpose of this study is to visualize the scientific achievements and research trends of the application of nanotechnology in glioma.Methods: We searched the literature related to glioma nanotechnology on the Web of Science (WOS). The bibliometric and visual analysis was performed mainly using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R software, for countries/regions, authors, journals, references, and keywords associated with the field.Results: A total of 3,290 publications from 2012 to June 2022 were searched, and 2,041 works of literature were finally obtained according to the search criteria, the number of publications increasing year by year, with an average growth rate (AGR) of 15.22% from 2012 to 2021. China published 694 (20.99%), followed by the United States (480, 20.70%). The institution with the highest number of publications is Fudan Univ (111, 13.16%), and 80% of the top ten institutions belong to China. HUILE GAO (30) and XINGUO JIANG (30) both published the largest number of research studies. STUPP R (412) was the most cited author, followed by GAO HL (224). The degree of collaboration (DC) among countries/regions, research institutions, and authors is 23.37%, 86.23%, and 99.22%, respectively. International Journal of Nanomedicine published the largest number of publications (81), followed by Biomaterials (73). Biomaterials (1,420) was the most cited journal, followed by J Control Release (1,300). The high frequency of keywords was drug delivery (487), followed by nanoparticle (450), which indicates that nanoparticles (NPs) as a carrier for drug delivery is a hot topic of current research and a direction of continuous development.Conclusion: In recent years, nanotechnology has attracted much attention in the medical field. Cooperation and communication between countries/regions and institutions need to be strengthened in future research to promote the development of nanomedicine. Nanotherapeutic drug delivery systems (NDDS) can enhance drug penetration and retention in tumor tissues, improve drug targeting, and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, which has great potential for the treatment of glioma and has become the focus of current research and future research trends in the treatment of glioma.
Promotion of knowledge, attitude, and practice among medical undergraduates regarding infection control measures during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Saati Abdullah A. , Alkalash Safa H. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMedical students are exposed to many serious healthcare-associated infections throughout their learning and training time particularly during a pandemic like COVID-19. Therefore, promotion of their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding infection control measures is a mandatory action.ObjectiveThis study was executed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical undergraduates toward infection control measures before and after the implementation of practical infection control training for them.MethodsA quasi-experimental prospective study was conducted on a simple random sample of medical undergraduates at Al-Qunfudah College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA. A total of 177 medical undergraduates were recruited for this study and completed a predesigned survey on their knowledge regarding infection control measures. Moreover, their practice of infection control measures was evaluated through a checklist before and 6 months after receiving practical infection control training during their academic year 2020–2021.ResultsA total of 177 and 176 responses were obtained at the pre-test and post-test, respectively. The mean ages of students who participated in pre-training and post-training assessments were (22.50 ± 1.02 and 22.03 ± 1.34), respectively with female sex predominance (62.1 and 61.9%). Mean knowledge and practice scores among them were enhanced from (7.79 ± 2.10 and 4.56 ± 2.58) at their pre-test to (11.06 ± 1.27 and 15.68 ± 1.90) at post-test (P-value 0.001 and &lt;0.001), respectively. After training, almost all of them recommended infection control training for all medical students due to its great value.ConclusionThe training course has shown its capability in the promotion of medical undergraduates' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward infection control measures.
Feasibility and applicability of pulmonary nodule day surgery in thoracic surgery
Authors: Han Jiajun , Zhu Ruijun , Ding Cheng , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMore patients with lung diseases were identified with low-dose computed tomography (CT) popularization and increasing physical examination awareness. Day surgery was routinely conducted in many departments as a relatively mature diagnosis and treatment mode. Thus, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of day surgery in thoracic surgery for pulmonary surgery and provide guidance for selecting suitable patients.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with pulmonary nodule surgeries. Patients were divided into the day and routine surgery groups following chest tube removal within 48 h postoperatively and the discharge criteria. Each group was further divided into the wedge and anatomic lung resection groups. The feasibility and applicability of day surgery in thoracic surgery was evaluated by calculating the percentage of the day surgery group and comparing the clinical data of the two groups, and corresponding guidance was given for selecting suitable patients for day surgery.ResultsThe day surgery group accounted for 53.4% of the total number of patients in both groups. Data comparison revealed differences in age, hypertension, coronary heart disease, pulmonary function index, nodule localization, pleural adhesion, total postoperative drainage, and complications in the wedge resection and age, gender, smoking history, pulmonary function indexes, intraoperative adhesions, operative duration, total postoperative drainage volume, and complications in the anatomic lung resection (P &lt; 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of re-hospitalization (1/172 ratio 1/150) and re-drainage (0/172 ratio 1/150) (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study concluded that more than half of the pulmonary surgery can be applied to the treatment mode of day surgery, and day surgery can be applied to the screened patients. It conforms to the concept of accelerated rehabilitation and can speed up bed turnover so that more patients can receive high-level medical treatment promptly.
Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of nebulized lidocaine in healthy horses
Authors: Minuto Jillian , Bedenice Daniela , Ceresia Michelle , Zaghloul Iman , Böhlke Mark , Mazan Melissa R. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundNebulized lidocaine appears promising as a novel corticosteroid-sparing therapeutic for equine asthma, but its safety and pharmacokinetic behavior have yet to be confirmed.ObjectiveTo describe the effect of nebulized lidocaine on upper airway sensitivity, lung mechanics, and lower respiratory cellular response of healthy horses, as well as delivery of lidocaine to lower airways, and its subsequent absorption, clearance, and duration of detectability.AnimalsSix healthy university- and client-owned horses with normal physical examination and serum amyloid A, and no history of respiratory disease within 6 months.MethodsProspective, descriptive study evaluating the immediate effects of 1 mg/kg 4% preservative-free lidocaine following nebulization with the Flexineb®. Prior to and following nebulization, horses were assessed using upper airway endoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and pulmonary function testing with esophageal balloon/pneumotachography and histamine bronchoprovocation. Additionally, blood and urine were collected at predetermined times following single-dose intravenous and nebulized lidocaine administration for pharmacokinetic analysis.ResultsUpper airway sensitivity was unchanged following lidocaine nebulization, and no laryngospasm or excessive salivation was noted. Lidocaine nebulization (1 mg/kg) resulted in a mean epithelial lining fluid concentration of 9.63 ± 5.05 μg/mL, and a bioavailability of 29.7 ± 7.76%. Lidocaine concentrations were higher in epithelial lining fluid than in systemic circulation (Cmax149.23 ± 78.74 μg/L, CELF:Cmaxplasma64.4, range 26.5–136.8). Serum and urine lidocaine levels remained detectable for 24 and 48 h, respectively, following nebulization of a single dose. Baseline spirometry, lung resistance and dynamic compliance, remained normal following lidocaine nebulization, with resistance decreasing post-nebulization. Compared to the pre-nebulization group, two additional horses were hyperresponsive following lidocaine nebulization. There was a significant increase in mean airway responsiveness post-lidocaine nebulization, based on lung resistance, but not dynamic compliance. One horse had BAL cytology consistent with airway inflammation both before and after lidocaine treatment.ConclusionsNebulized lidocaine was not associated with adverse effects on upper airway sensitivity or BAL cytology. While baseline lung resistance was unchanged, increased airway reactivity to histamine bronchoprovocation in the absence of clinical signs was seen in some horses following nebulization. Further research is necessary to evaluate drug delivery, adverse events, and efficacy in asthmatic horses.
Technologies and methods of business processes analysis and optimization
Authors: Aleksandrovich-Adamenko Aleksandr , Evgenievna-Khorolskaya Tatiana , Viktorovna-Koneva Marina 
Published: September 2022

The process approach to management is based on the automation of various aspects of the company's activities. The formation, optimization, restructuring and improvement of business processes are taking place along with the introduction of applied systems (most often, on 1C: Enterprise platform). Nevertheless, business analysts play a key role in optimizing a company's business processes. The study intends to scrutinize the technologies and methods of business processes analysis and optimization. To that end, monographic, economic-statistical, and abstract-logical methods are employed. Based on the results, in the context of the optimization methodology, optimization can be considered in the framework of progressive improvement or reengineering of business processes (global, large-scale revision of the system). The study of the optimization methodology for business processes revealed several elements of this process, including the choice of methods of analysis and optimization of business processes, ranking of business processes by their importance to show priority processes to start optimization with, and finally, development of a system of key performance indicators to link the personnel motivation system with the achievement of tactical and strategic goals of the company.
Using the quadruple aim to understand the impact of virtual delivery of care within Ontario community health centres: a qualitative study
Authors: Bhatti Sara , Dahrouge Simone , Muldoon Laura , Rayner Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and introduction of various restrictions resulted in drastic changes to 'traditional' primary healthcare service delivery modalities.AimTo understand the impact of virtual care on healthcare system performance within the context of Ontario community health centres (CHCs).Design & settingThematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 36 providers and 31 patients.MethodSemi-structured phone interviews were conducted in the autumn of 2020. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using the quadruple aim framework.ResultsThe transition to virtual delivery of services has had both positive and negative impacts on care. Virtual care removed certain barriers to care such as access. However, patients and providers found that phone visits impacted quality of care owing to the inability to read body language and having to rely solely on patient descriptions. Video visits allowed for a similar experience to in-person visits but technical issues constrained this interaction. Depending on the service provided, some providers felt they were not providing the same quality of care. However, providers reported reductions in no-show rates and highlighted the efficiency of virtual appointments. Providers also found they were able to collaborate at a similar level before the pandemic and saw improvements in work–life balance. Overall, patients and providers alike preferred virtual visits with those known to them, and for less complex or transactional aspects of care.ConclusionThe study described positive and negative impacts on patient care, population health, health system costs, and provider experience. These results will be useful for primary care organisations in post-pandemic planning; however, future research is needed for a deeper exploration of the impact on quality of care specifically for more complex health concerns.
The mental health detention process: a scoping review to inform GP training
Authors: Houton Paula , Reid Helen , Davidson Gavin , Gormley Gerard 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundGPs are often faced with deciding whether or not a patient may require detention for assessment in hospital under mental health legislation. This can be a complex and daunting process. Despite this, GPs and most other professionals receive limited formal training.AimTo map and review the current literature on training in mental health detention processes. These insights are vital to inform the further development of meaningful educational approaches.Design & settingA systematic scoping literature review was conducted to identify what is known about how best to develop training in this area.MethodArksey and O’Malley’s framework was used to select, chart, and analyse articles from across six electronic databases. A total of 1136 articles were included in the initial screening phase and 183 articles were included in the full-text screening phase. Key themes were derived using an iterative and thematic approach. A personal and public involvement (PPI) group was set up for this project and other stakeholders in the mental health detention process were consulted about the findings.ResultsFifty-two articles were included in the final review. Professionals consistently highlighted unmet training needs and difficulties with the process. There were identified needs for practical, interdisciplinary training, including discussion of complex cases, and opportunities to learn from those with direct experience.ConclusionThis work is foundational for the development of meaningful educational approaches around mental health detention processes. A strong research base will inform and strengthen training with the ultimate aim of improving patient care.
Cui Fujun : un protecteur des empereurs du Xe au XIIe siècle ?
Authors: Wang Huayan 
Published: September 2022

王 華 艷 ： 崔 府 君 ： 公 元 十 至 十 二 世 紀 保 佑 皇 帝 之 神 明
由 敦 煌 變 文 《 唐 太 宗 入 冥 記 》 發 展 而 來 的 崔 府 君 信 仰 ， 從 十 世 紀 末 起 才 開 始 有 比 較 重 大 的 發 展 。 本 文 認 為 宋 初 所 發 生 的 幾 件 歷 史 事 件 有 助 於 政 權 對 這 一 信 仰 的 推 動 。 傳 說 中 ， 崔 府 君 曾 救 唐 太 宗 出 地 獄 ， 並 洗 刷 其 殺 兄 囚 父 奪 位 罪 名 ， 而 宋 太 宗 之 王 位 繼 承 也 有 類 似 爭 議 ， 因 此 他 可 能 借 此 信 仰 鞏 固 其 帝 位 。 在 整 個 兩 宋 時 期 ， 崔 府 君 信 仰 在 某 些 重 要 歷 史 時 刻 都 起 了 特 殊 作 用 ， 尤 其 是 在 權 力 轉 移 出 現 問 題 之 際 。
Statins and COVID-19: Review of Recommendations and Clinical Practice
Authors: Патеюк И.В. 
Published: September 2022

Согласно последним международным клиническим рекомендациям, статины остаются основной группой лекарственных средств, эффективных для лечения дислипидемий и профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и осложнений. В статье рассмотрены звенья патогенеза и механизмы поражения сердечно-сосудистой системы, проанализирована связь с коморбидностью, обоснована необходимость поиска эффективных и доступных терапевтических агентов в лечении COVID-19. Статины обладают механизмами действия, которые могут влиять на проникновение вируса в клетки человека, оказывать противовоспалительный эффект, способствовать улучшению функционального состояния эндотелия сосудов и снижать риск развития осложнений. В реальной клинической практике приоритет должен отдаваться эффективным и безопасным статинам. Розувастатин обладает высокой эффективностью и безопасностью, включая низкий риск межлекарственных взаимодействий, является оптимальным терапевтическим агентом на всех этапах кардиоваскулярной профилактики.
According to the latest international clinical guidelines, statins remain the main group of drugs effective for the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and complications. The article discusses the links of pathogenesis and mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system, analyzes the relationship with comorbidity, substantiates the need to search for effective and affordable therapeutic agents in the treatment of COVID-19. Statins have mechanisms of action that can affect the penetration of the virus into human cells, have an anti-inflammatory effect, improve the functional state of the vascular endothelium and reduce the risk of complications. The effectiveness of statins in patients with COVID-19 and high cardiovascular risk suggests that they need to be continued. In real clinical practice, priority should be given to effective and safe statins. Rosuvastatin is highly effective and safe, including a low risk of drug-drug interactions, and is the optimal therapeutic agent at all stages of cardiovascular prophylaxis.