bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCIENCE, RELIGION, AND HUMAN IDENTITY: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE SCIENCE AND RELIGION FORUM
Authors: Lawson Finley 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Science and Religion Forum promotes discussion on issues at the interface of science and religion. The forum membership is diverse including professionals, academics, clergy, and interested lay people and each year it holds a conference to encourage discussion and exploration of issues that arise at the interface of science and religion. This article provides an overview of the online conference that took place in May 2021 and introduces this thematic section that includes six articles from the conference.
Thermal Performances Assessment and Improvement of Hollow Concrete Blocks Commonly Used in Morocco: Experimental and Numerical Approach
Authors: Ouakarrouch Mohamed , Laaroussi Najma , Garoum Mohammed , Hajji Amine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present study, experimental and numerical studies are conducted to identify and improve the thermal properties of the most commonly used hollow concrete blocks in Morocco. The experimental approach consists of characterizing the thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of the basic materials using the guarded hot plate and the differential calorimeter, respectively. The obtained properties have been exploited as input data in the numerical approach to investigate the coupled heat transfer through the concrete blocks using the approximation calculation method suggested by EN ISO 6946, and the three-dimensional numerical simulations using the commercial software ansys fluent. The obtained results showed that the average differences between the 1D and 3D calculations are less than 7.5% concerning the five different studies. In addition, the increase in the width and the number of cavities leads to gain a significant decrease in heat loss and an increase in thermal resistance. For block B4 improvement, the cavities with the previously characterized insulation have been partially filled. The proposed technique ensure high thermal performance by reducing the heat flow at 32%, which increased the thermal resistance of the block by 40.5%.
A Non-Parametric Histogram Interpolation Method for Design Space Exploration
Authors: Pepper Nick , Montomoli Francesco , Sharma Sanjiv 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel algorithm is presented to aid designers during the conceptual design phase of a new engineering product by rapidly assessing new areas of the design space. The algorithm presented here develops a polynomial chaos-based meta-model that allows the designer to estimate the probability distribution for a candidate design’s performance without requiring additional experiments or simulations. Probabilistic equivalence is used to map either a probability density function or a cumulative distribution function, continuous functions, into a reduced space in which interpolation functions can be developed. Data harvested from experiments or evaluations of an expensive computer code are used to train the meta-model. An advantage of this method over other histogram interpolation methods is that it is non-parametric: the training data are not assumed to belong to a particular family of probability distribution. The algorithm was validated using a standard benchmark test with synthetic data in a continuous-discrete design space. Finally, we exploited the variance of the Gaussian process emulators used as interpolation functions in order to develop a statistic that quantified the level of uncertainty associated with the algorithm’s estimates. This is a key feature if the algorithm is to be of practical use.
Particle Loading Effects on Additively Manufactured and Laser Cured Medical Grade Silicone
Authors: Porter Daniel A. , Davis Nicholas E. , Hejny Tristan , Takacs Alison , Bunton Caleb M. , Krueger Paul S. , Son David Y. , Csaky Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A proposed benefit to additive manufacturing (AM) silicone components is the ability to selectively add fillers such as agents to make drug delivery devices. Laser curing silicones have benefits such as selective or graded curing of specific locations in the part. A challenge with high-temperature extrusion-based AM processes is understanding how particles of various thermal sensitivities, sizes, and loading amounts may affect the AM build parameters, polymer crosslink densities, and final products produced. This article investigates the effect of particle loading on laser-cured medical-grade silicone. Die swelling of silica gel-loaded silicone, chosen as a relatively nonthermally sensitive representative filler for drug agents, was evaluated as a function of extrusion speed, particle size, and particle loading amount. A design of experiments (DoE) on silica gel-loaded samples through tetrahydrofuran (THF) swell studies was done to explore how layer height, particle size, and particle loading amount may affect crosslink density. Last, the AM process with the female hormone 2-methoxyestradiol (2-Me2) and the drug Cyclosporin was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) elution to observe potential alterations of the final product. The results show promise for drug-loaded silicone samples fabricated using an extrude and laser curing AM technique.
Training physicians in providing complex information to patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nordfalk Jenny M , Holmøy Trygve , Thomas Owen , Nylenna Magne , Gulbrandsen Pal 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a specific communication training for neurologists on how to provide complex information about treatment options to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).DesignSingle-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.SettingOne university hospital in Norway.ParticipantsThirty-four patients with early-stage MS.InterventionA 3-hour training for neurologists on how to provide complex information about MS escalation therapy.Main outcome measuresPatient recall rate, measured with a reliable counting system of provided and recalled information about drugs.Secondary outcome measuresNumber of information units provided by the physicians. Effects on patient involvement through questionnaires.MethodsPatients with MS were instructed to imagine a disease development and were randomised and blinded to meet a physician to receive information on escalation therapy, before or after the physician had participated in a 3-hour training on how to provide complex information. Consultations and immediate patient recall interviews were video-recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsPatient recall rate was 0.37 (SD=0.10) pre-intervention and 0.39 (SD=0.10) post-intervention. The effect of the intervention on recall rate predicted with a general linear model covariate was not significant (coefficient parameter 0.07 (SE 0.04, 95% CI (−0.01 to 0.15)), p=0.099).The physicians tended to provide significantly fewer information units after the training, with an average of 91.0 (SD=30.3) pre-intervention and 76.5 (SD=17.4) post-intervention; coefficient parameter −0.09 (SE 0.02, 95% CI (−0.13 to −0.05)), p<0.001. There was a significant negative association between the amount of provided information and the recall rate (coefficient parameter −0.29 (SE 0.05, 95% CI (−0.39 to −0.18)), p<0.001). We found no significant effects on patient involvement using the Control Preference Scale, Collaborate or Four Habits Patient Questionnaire.ConclusionA brief course for physicians on providing complex information reduced the amount of information provided, but did not improve patient recall rate.Trial registration numberISRCTN42739508.
Study protocol: navigating access to gender care in Ireland—a mixed-method study on the experiences of transgender and non-binary youth
Authors: Kearns Seán , Houghton Catherine , O’Shea Donal , Neff Karl 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThere has been a global increase in demand for gender-specific healthcare services and a recognition that healthcare access is complex and convoluted, even in countries with well-developed healthcare services. Despite evidence in Ireland supporting the improvement in physical and mental health following access to gender care, little is known about the local healthcare navigation challenges. Internationally, research focuses primarily on the experience of service users and omits the perspective of other potential key stakeholders. Youth experiences are a particularly seldom-heard group.Methods and analysisThis study will use a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design with a participatory social justice approach. The qualitative phase will explore factors that help and hinder access to gender care for young people in Ireland. This will be explored from multiple stakeholders’ perspectives, namely, young people, caregivers and specialist healthcare providers. Framework analysis will be used to identify priorities for action and the qualitative findings used to build a survey tool for the quantitative phase. The quantitative phase will then measure the burden of the identified factors on healthcare navigation across different age categories and gender identities (transmasculine vs transfeminine vs non-binary).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by St Vincent’s Hospital Research Ethics Committee (RS21-019), University College Dublin Ethics Committee (LS-21-14Kearns-OShea) and the Transgender Equality Network Ireland’s Internal Ethics Committee (TIECSK). We aim to disseminate the findings through international conferences, peer-review journals and by utilisation of expert panel members and strategic partners.
RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) Trial: protocol for a mixed-methods process evaluation using normalisation process theory
Authors: Radford Kathryn A , McKevitt Christopher , Clarke Sara , Powers Katie , Phillips Julie , Craven Kristelle , Watkins Caroline , Farrin Amanda , Holmes Jain , Cripps Rachel , McLellan Vicki , Sach Tracey , Brindle Richard , Holloway Ivana , Hartley Suzanne , Bowen Audrey , O'Connor Rory J , Stevens Judith , Walker Marion , Murray John , Shone Angela , Clarke David 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThis mixed-method process evaluation underpinned by normalisation process theory aims to measure fidelity to the intervention, understand the social and structural context in which the intervention is delivered and identify barriers and facilitators to intervention implementation.SettingRETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) is a multicentre individual patient randomised controlled trial to determine whether Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation (ESSVR) plus usual care is a clinically and cost-effective therapy to facilitate return to work after stroke, compared with usual care alone. This protocol paper describes the embedded process evaluation.Participants and outcome measuresIntervention training for therapists will be observed and use of remote mentor support reviewed through documentary analysis. Fidelity will be assessed through participant questionnaires and analysis of therapy records, examining frequency, duration and content of ESSVR sessions. To understand the influence of social and structural contexts, the process evaluation will explore therapists’ attitudes towards evidence-based practice, competency to deliver the intervention and evaluate potential sources of contamination. Longitudinal case studies incorporating non-participant observations will be conducted with a proportion of intervention and usual care participants. Semistructured interviews with stroke survivors, carers, occupational therapists, mentors, service managers and employers will explore their experiences as RETAKE participants. Analysis of qualitative data will draw on thematic and framework approaches. Quantitative data analysis will include regression models and descriptive statistics. Qualitative and quantitative data will be independently analysed by process evaluation and Clinical Trials Research Unit teams, respectively. Linked data, for example, fidelity and describing usual care will be synthesised by comparing and integrating quantitative descriptive data with the qualitative findings.Ethics and disseminationApproval obtained through the East Midlands—Nottingham 2 Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 18/EM/0019) and the National Health ServiceResearch Authority. Dissemination via journal publications, stroke conferences, social media and meetings with national Stroke clinical leads.Trial registration numberISRCTN12464275.
Improving safety of unfractionated heparin: a retrospective, quasi-experimental, observational study of the impact of a pocket card and a computerised prescription aid tool in the University Hospitals of Geneva
Authors: Jimaja Wedali E , Stirnemann Jerome , Fontana Pierre , Blondon Katherine S 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDespite the rapid rise of direct oral anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains the mainstay anticoagulant in specific situations such as severe renal failure, perioperative setting or in critical care units. However, its titration is often challenging.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of a pocket card and a computerised prescription aid tool (CPAT) on the quality of UFH anticoagulation.DesignMonocentric retrospective, quasi-experimental, observational study.SettingInpatient primary care centre between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019.Participants>18 years-old treated with therapeutic UFH for more than 24 hours. There were 819 and 1169 anticoagulation episodes before and after intervention, respectively.InterventionIn October 2017, we implemented a pocket card with evidence-based recommendation for therapeutic UFH initiation, monitoring and dosing adaptation. In October 2019, we implemented a CPAT in a group subset.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was the time needed to reach a therapeutic anti-Xa before and after the implementation of the pocket card. The secondary outcomes included a subgroup analysis assessing the effect of the CPAT. Other secondary outcomes were the anti-Xa status (infratherapeutic, therapeutic or supratherapeutic) at 7 and 24 hours of UFH treatment.ResultsWe found a significant increase in the time to reach therapeutic dosing with pocket card-guided recommendations implementation (10.1 vs 14 hours, HR of 0.8, 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.93). However, the CPAT was associated with a significant decrease in the time needed to reach the therapeutic range (13.9 vs 7.1 hours, HR of 1.74, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.60).ConclusionAlthough we observed an increase in time to reach therapeutic anti-Xa with the pocket card, possibly due to a selection bias (use of activated partial thromboplastin time for monitoring before the pocket card), the implementation of CPAT significantly decreased the delay for effective therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings, and to determine the optimal initial dose of UFH anticoagulation.
Specific Changes of Erythroid Regulators and Hepcidin in Patients Infected by SARS-COV-2
Authors: Delaye Jean-Baptiste , Alarcan Hugo , Vallet Nicolas , Veyrat-Durebex Charlotte , Bernard Louis , Hérault Olivier , Ropert Martine , Marlet Julien , Gyan Emmanuel , Andres Christian , Blasco Hélène , Piver Eric 
Published: March 2022

Iron metabolism is tightly linked to infectious and inflammatory signals through hepcidin synthesis. To date, iron homeostasis during SARS-CoV-2 infection has not yet been described. The aim of this study is to characterize the hepcidin and erythroid regulators (growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and erythroferrone (ERFE)) by measuring concentrations in plasma in context of COVID-19 disease. We performed a single-center observational study of patients with COVID-19 to evaluate concentrations of main regulatory proteins involved in iron homeostasis, namely: hepcidin, ERFE and GDF-15. SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19+) was defined by a positive RT-PCR. Sixteen patients with COVID-19+ were gender-matched and age-matched to 16 patients with a sepsis unrelated to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19−) and were compared with non-parametric statistic test. Clinical and hematological parameters, plasma iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor and C reactive protein were not statistically different between both groups. Median plasma hepcidin concentrations were higher in the COVID-19+ group (44.1 (IQR 16.55–70.48) vs 14.2 (IQR 5.95–18.98) nmol/L, p=0.003), while median ERFE and GDF-15 concentrations were lower in the COVID-19+ group (0.16 (IQR 0.01–0.73) vs 0.89 (IQR 0.19–3.82) ng/mL, p=0.035; 2003 (IQR 1355–2447) vs 4713 (IQR 2082–7774) pg/mL, p=0015), respectively) compared with the COVID-19− group. This is the first study reporting lower ERFE and GDF-15 median concentrations in patients with COVID-19+ compared with patients with COVID-19−, associated with an increased median concentration of hepcidin in the COVID-19+ group compared with COVID19− group.
Higher Hospital Frailty Risk Score is associated with increased complications and healthcare resource utilization after endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Koo Andrew B , Elsamadicy Aladine A , Renedo Daniela , Sarkozy Margot , Sherman Josiah , Reeves Benjamin C , Havlik John , Antonios Joseph , Sujijantarat Nanthiya , Hebert Ryan , Malhotra Ajay , Matouk Charles 
Published: March 2022

AimTo use the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) to investigate the impact of frailty on complication rates and healthcare resource utilization in patients who underwent endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using the 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample database. All adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing endovascular treatment for IAs after subarachnoid hemorrhage were identified using ICD-10-CM codes. Patients were categorized into frailty cohorts: low (HFRS <5), intermediate (HFRS 5–15) and high (HFRS >15). Patient demographics, adverse events, length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and total cost of admission were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of prolonged LOS, increased cost, and non-routine discharge.ResultsOf the 33 840 patients identified, 7940 (23.5%) were found to be low, 20 075 (59.3%) intermediate and 5825 (17.2%) high frailty by HFRS criteria. The rate of encountering any adverse event was significantly greater in the higher frailty cohorts (low: 59.9%; intermediate: 92.4%; high: 99.2%, p<0.001). There was a stepwise increase in mean LOS (low: 11.7±8.2 days; intermediate: 18.7±14.1 days; high: 26.6±20.1 days, p<0.001), mean total hospital cost (low: $62 888±37 757; intermediate: $99 670±63 446; high: $134 937±80 331, p<0.001), and non-routine discharge (low: 17.3%; intermediate: 44.4%; high: 69.4%, p<0.001) with increasing frailty. On multivariate regression analysis, a similar stepwise impact was found in prolonged LOS (intermediate: OR 2.38, p<0.001; high: OR 4.49, p<0.001)], total hospital cost (intermediate: OR 2.15, p<0.001; high: OR 3.62, p<0.001), and non-routine discharge (intermediate: OR 2.13, p<0.001; high: OR 4.17, p<0.001).ConclusionsOur study found that greater frailty as defined by the HFRS was associated with increased complications, LOS, total costs, and non-routine discharge.
Prospective study on embolization of intracranial aneurysms with the pipeline device (PREMIER study): 3-year results with the application of a flow diverter specific occlusion classification
Authors: Hanel Ricardo A , Cortez Gustavo M , Lopes Demetrius Klee , Nelson Peter Kim , Siddiqui Adnan H , Jabbour Pascal , Mendes Pereira Vitor , István Istvan Szikora , Zaidat Osama O , Bettegowda Chetan , Colby Geoffrey P , Mokin Maxim , Schirmer Clemens M , Hellinger Frank R , Given Curtis , Krings Timo , Taussky Philipp , Toth Gabor , Fraser Justin F , Chen Michael , Priest Ryan , Kan Peter , Fiorella David , Frei Donald , Aagaard-Kienitz Beverly , Diaz Orlando , Malek Adel M , Cawley C Michael , Puri Ajit S , Kallmes David F 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe pipeline embolization device (PED; Medtronic) has presented as a safe and efficacious treatment for small- and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. Independently adjudicated long-term results of the device in treating these lesions are still indeterminate. We present 3-year results, with additional application of a flow diverter specific occlusion scale.MethodsPREMIER (prospective study on embolization of intracranial aneurysms with pipeline embolization device) is a prospective, single-arm trial. Inclusion criteria were patients with unruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms ≤12 mm. Primary effectiveness (complete aneurysm occlusion) and safety (major neurologic event) endpoints were independently monitored and adjudicated.ResultsAs per the protocol, of 141 patients treated with a PED, 25 (17.7%) required angiographic follow-up after the first year due to incomplete aneurysm occlusion. According to the Core Radiology Laboratory review, three (12%) of these patients progressed to complete occlusion, with an overall rate of complete aneurysm occlusion at 3 years of 83.3% (115/138). Further angiographic evaluation using the modified Cekirge–Saatci classification demonstrated that complete occlusion, neck residual, or aneurysm size reduction occurred in 97.1%. The overall combined safety endpoint at 3 years was 2.8% (4/141), with only one non-debilitating major event occurring after the first year. There was one case of aneurysm recurrence but no cases of delayed rupture in this series.ConclusionsThe PED device presents as a safe and effective modality in treating small- and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. The application of a flow diverter specific occlusion classification attested the long-term durability with higher rate of successful aneurysm occlusion and no documented aneurysm rupture.Trial registrationNCT02186561.
The problems of resolving historical specimen data, focusing on a specimen of Myotis austroriparius (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) collected by Thomas Drummond
Authors: Jenkins Paulina D. , Sealy Spencer G. 
Published: March 2022

The geographical itineraries of Thomas Drummond’s two separate expeditions to Canada (1825–1827) and the United States of America (1831–1835) are used to provide historical context for the specimens collected and their localities. The coordinates for these locations are estimated and their geographical positions mapped. The difficulties of resolving various problems with historical specimens are explored and several examples are provided, including the contentious origin and identification of a southeastern myotis, Myotis austroriparius (Rhoads, 1897) (NHMUK 1837.4.8.127). Information about type specimens is discussed and the geographical position of several type localities of rodents and a mustelid in the Rocky Mountains and a lagomorph in the USA are refined.