bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atractylenolide I ameliorates cancer cachexia through inhibiting biogenesis of IL‐6 and tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Fan Meng , Gu Xiaofan , Zhang Wanli , Shen Qiang , Zhang Ruiqin , Fang Qiaoyu , Wang Yueping , Guo Xiaodong , Zhang Xiongwen , Liu Xuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtractylenolide I (AI) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, known as Baizhu in traditional Chinese medicine. AI has been found to ameliorate cancer cachexia in clinic cancer patients and in tumour‐bearing mice. Here, we checked the influence of AI on biogenesis of IL‐6 and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer cachexia mice and then focused on studying mechanisms of AI in inhibiting the production of tumour‐derived EVs, which contribute to the ameliorating effects of AI on cancer cachexia.MethodsC26 tumour‐bearing BALB/c mice were applied as animal model to examine the effects of AI (25 mg/kg) in attenuating cachexia symptoms, serum IL‐6 and EVs levels. IL‐6 and EVs secretion of C26 tumour cells treated with AI (0.31–5 μM) was further observed in vitro. The in vitro cultured C2C12 myotubes and 3T3‐L1 mature adipocytes were used to check the potency of conditioned medium of C26 cells treated with AI (0.625–5 μM) in inducing muscle atrophy and lipolysis. The glycolysis potency of C26 cells under AI (0.31–5 μM) treatment was evaluated by measuring the extracellular acidification rate using Seahorse XFe96 Analyser. Levels of related signal proteins in both in vitro and in vivo experiments were examined using western blotting to study the possible mechanisms. STAT3 overexpression or knockout C26 cells were also used to confirm the effects of AI (5 μM).ResultsAI ameliorated cancer cachexia symptoms (P < 0.05), improved grip strength (P < 0.05) and decreased serum EVs (P < 0.05) and IL‐6 (P < 0.05) levels of C26 tumour‐bearing mice. AI directly inhibited EVs biogenesis (P < 0.001) and IL‐6 secretion (P < 0.01) of cultured C26 cells. The potency of C26 medium in inducing C2C12 myotube atrophy (+59.54%, P < 0.001) and 3T3‐L1 adipocyte lipolysis (+20.73%, P < 0.05) was significantly attenuated when C26 cells were treated with AI. AI treatment inhibited aerobic glycolysis and the pathway of STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 in C26 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of STAT3 partly antagonized the effects of AI in suppressing STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway, EVs secretion, glycolysis and the potency of C26 medium in inducing muscle atrophy and lipolysis, whereas knockout of STAT3 enhanced the inhibitory effect of AI on these values. The inhibition of AI on STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway was also observed in C26 tumour tissues.ConclusionsAI ameliorates cancer cachexia by decreasing the production of IL‐6 and EVs of tumour cells. The decreasing effects of AI on EVs biogenesis are based on its inhibition on STAT3/PKM2/SNAP23 pathway.
Optimization of the extraction of bioactive compounds from Muntingia calabura peels and cytotoxic and antiproliferative evaluation by the Allium cepa test
Authors: da Silva Luciana Alves , Aranha Ana Caroline Raimundini , dos Reis Marcela Funaki , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal , da Silva Scapim Monica Regina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective and MethodsThe purpose of this article was to compare the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from Muntingia calabura peel using conventional methodology and ultrasound assistance, in addition, to verify the best extraction conditions, varying the drying temperature of the peels, time and solvents, and then to verify the cytotoxic and antiproliferative action of M. calabura extracts by Allium cepa.Results and ConclusionsIt was verified through the analysis of total phenolic compounds, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) and iron reduction capacity that the best conditions were ultrasonic extraction, with a temperature of 50 °C, 50% aqueous ethanol solution and extraction time of 60 min. Regarding the quantification of total phenolic compounds (TPC), ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in calabura peel, there was a variation of 571.33–1444.67 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) 100 g−1 dry peel for TPC, 19.36–115.74 mg Trolox 100 g−1 for ABTS and 306.73–1608.97 for FRAP. Regarding the cytotoxic effect on root growth of A. cepa, it was found that both conventional and ultrasound‐assisted extraction had an effect on onion root growth. In addition, together with the results of the analyzed cells and the literature, it can be verified that M. calabura peels also have an antiproliferative effect. This effect is due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds found in the analyzed extracts; such bioactive compounds are responsible for inhibiting cell division in meristematic cells. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The support influence of Au‐based catalysts in glycerin selective oxidation to glyceric acid
Authors: Shen Lingqin , Chen Xinyue , Chen Xiangjing , Qin Yanqin , Shao Shouyan , Zhu Guisheng , Yin Hengbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sustainable conversion of biomass‐derived glycerin into high‐value‐added chemicals is a significant challenge in contemporary science. In this context, the selective oxidation of aqueous glycerin into glyceric acid was investigated in the presence of NaOH and atmospheric oxygen. It was demonstrated that the selective transformation of glycerin to glyceric acid involves a new chemical reaction path for commodity glyceric acid that is both abundant and economical.ResultsThe hydrotalcite‐supported Au nanoparticle catalyst (5%Au/HT) was found to be the most active for glycerin selective transformation to glyceric acid, showing 89.5% glycerin conversion with 61.2% glyceric acid selectivity under optimum experimental conditions. Furthermore, the 5%Au/HT catalyst was reused six times and maintained nearly the same activity in the catalytic recycle experiments.ConclusionIn the Au‐based catalysts, there are strong electronic interactions between the different supports and Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). Besides, the basic sites of the catalysts participated in promotion of hydroxyl functional groups. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
COVID‐19 is associated with bystander polyclonal autoreactive B cell activation as reflected by a broad autoantibody production, but none is linked to disease severity
Authors: Jiang Wei , Johnson Douglas , Adekunle Ruth , Heather Hughes , Xu Wanli , Cong Xiaomei , Wu Xueling , Fan Hongkuan , Andersson Lars‐Magnus , Robertson Josefina , Gisslén Magnus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with autoimmune features and autoantibody production in a small subset of the population. Pre‐existing neutralizing antitype I interferons (IFNs) autoantibodies are related to the severity of COVID‐19. Plasma levels of IgG and IgM against 12 viral antigens and 103 self‐antigens were evaluated using an antibody protein array in patients with severe/critical or mild/moderate COVID‐19 disease and uninfected controls. Patients exhibited increased IgGs against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 proteins compared to controls, but no difference was observed in the two patient groups. 78% autoreactive IgGs and 93% autoreactive IgMs were increased in patients versus controls. There was no difference in the plasma levels of anti‐type I IFN autoantibodies or neutralizing anti‐type I IFN activity of plasma samples from the two patient groups. Increased anti‐type I IFN IgGs were correlated with higher lymphocyte accounts, suggesting a role of nonpathogenic autoantibodies. Notably, among the 115 antibodies tested, only plasma levels of IgGs against human coronavirus (HCOV)‐229E and HCOV‐NL63 spike proteins were associated with mild disease outcome. COVID‐19 was associated with a bystander polyclonal autoreactive B cell activation, but none of the autoantibody levels were linked to disease severity. Long‐term humoral immunity against HCOV‐22E and HCOV‐NL63 spike protein was associated with mild disease outcome. Understanding the mechanism of life‐threatening COVID‐19 is critical to reducing mortality and morbidity.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles impact the expression of the genes involved in toxin–antitoxin systems in multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Shahbazi Shahla , Shivaee Ali , Nasiri Marzieh , Mirshekar Maryam , Sabzi Samira , sariani Omid K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) on the expression of genes involved in toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. Seventy clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected from variuos clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by disk diffusion. Type II TA system‐related genes including GNAT, XRE‐like, hipA, hipB, hicA, hicB were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ZnO‐NPs prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. MIC of ZnO‐NPs of A. baumannii isolates was performed using the microdilution method. The expression of type II TA systems‐related genes were assessed with and without exposure to ZnO‐NPs using real‐time PCR. The highest rate of resistance and sensitivity was observed against cefepime (77.14%), and ampicillin/sulbactam (42.85%), respectively. All A. baumannii isolates were considered as MDR. In this study, three TA loci were identified for A. baumannii including GNAT/XRE‐like, HicA/HicB, and HipA/HipB and their prevalence was 100%, 42%, and 27.1%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of these systems and the origin of A. baumannii. Our data showed significant correlations between the presence of HicA/HicB system and resistance to ceftazidime, meropenem, imipenem, and cefepime (p < 0.05), and the presence of HipA/HipB system and resistance to ceftazidime, meropenem, imipenem, and cefepime (p < 0.05). In presence of ZnO‐NPs, the expression of all studied genes decreased. GNAT and hicB showed the highest and lowest expression changes by 2.4 folds (p < 0.001) and 1.3 folds (p < 0.05), respectively. This study demonstrates the promising potential of nanoparticles to impact the expression of the genes involved in TA Systems. So, the application of ZnO‐NPs may be helpful to design target‐based strategies towards MDRs pathogens for empowered clinical applications by microbiologists and nanotechnologists.
Association between subclinical atherosclerosis and oral inflammation: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Papi Piero , Pranno Nicola , Di Murro Bianca , Pompa Giorgio , Polimeni Antonella , Letizia Claudio , Petramala Luigi , Concistrè Antonio , Muñoz Aguilera Eva , Orlandi Marco , D'Aiuto Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the association between carotid intima‐media thickness (c‐IMT) values and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases in a sample of patients with hypertension.MethodsA total of 151 participants with presence of at least one dental implant in function for >5 years were recruited. Anthropometric measurements, 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, ultrasound assessment of carotid arteries (c‐IMT and presence of plaque) were recorded and venous blood samples obtained. An oral examination was performed by calibrated examiners to ascertain prevalence and severity of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. Binomial logistic regression was performed to investigate the potential association between various measures of exposure of dental diseases and predictors of cardiovascular risk (c‐IMT > 0.9 mm and presence of plaque or their combination).ResultsDiagnosis of periodontitis (OR 6.71, 95% CI: 2.68‐16.76, P < 0.001), cumulative mucosal/gingival inflammation (Periodontal Screening and Recording score) (OR 1.25, 95% CI:1.12‐1.41, P < 0.001), and mucositis (OR 3.34, 95% CI:1.13‐9.85, P < 0.05) were associated with c‐IMT > 0.9 mm and/or plaque presence independent of age, sex, smoking, 24 h systolic blood pressure and body mass index differences. No statistically significant results were noted for peri‐implantitis. Linear regression models confirmed a positive association of cumulative mucosal/gingival inflammation (β = 0.011, SE 0.002, P < 0.001), diagnosis of periodontitis (β = 0.114, SE 0.020, P < 0.001), and peri‐implant diseases (β = 0.011, SE 0.002, P < 0.001) with increased c‐IMT values.ConclusionsThis study confirms a positive association between mucosal/gingival inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by c‐IMT values and the presence of carotid plaque in patients with hypertension, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Future studies are needed to further characterize this relationship.
Sulfur uptake and distribution, grain yield, and quality of hybrid and inbred winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under early and late waterlogging
Authors: Hussain Md Arif , Naeem Asif , Sulieman Saad , Pitann Britta , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWaterlogging at early and later growth stages could affect sulfur (S) uptake, distribution, yield, and quality of winter wheat. We hypothesized that the hybrid winter wheat variety (Hyvento), with a high degree of heterosis and genetic diversity, is likely to uptake and utilize S more efficiently and withstands waterlogging better than the inbred wheat variety (Kredo).AimsThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of 2‐week waterlogging at the end of tillering stage (Feekes Stage 6) and/or ear emergence stage (Feekes Stage 10.1) on grain yield, yield components, S‐uptake and its partitioning, and composition of grain storage proteins (glutenins and gliadins) of hybrid (Hyvento) and inbred (Kredo) winter wheat varieties.MethodsPlants were grown in large containers (120 L) in a semi‐controlled greenhouse and harvested three times immediately after each waterlogging treatment and at agronomic maturity. Grain yield, S concentration in different plant organs, total protein content, and patterns of gluten proteins (gliadin and glutenin) and their subunits (by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in grains were evaluated.ResultsGrain yield of the inbred variety was more negatively affected under early and late waterlogging than the hybrid variety and was associated with reduced grain size. The decline in grain yield was significantly higher under late waterlogging (30%–31%) than early waterlogging (17%–18%). Compared to the hybrid variety Hyvento, the waterlogging‐induced decline in S concentration in grains, husk, and straw was markedly lower in the inbred variety Kredo. While early waterlogging did not affect total grain protein content in either of the varieties, late waterlogging significantly reduced the total grain protein content (18%) in the inbred variety Kredo. Similarly, the grain gliadin content of the hybrid variety was not affected by both waterlogged conditions, whereas 32% and 23% reductions were recorded for the inbred variety under early and late waterlogging, respectively. Nevertheless, waterlogging significantly increased the proportion of S‐poor high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits and ω‐gliadin in the inbred variety.ConclusionIt could be inferred from the present study that hybrid winter wheat variety is relatively resistant to waterlogging than the inbred wheat variety, and thereby produces higher grain yield. Efficient uptake and metabolism of S could be one of the mechanisms conferring waterlogging resistance in winter wheat.
The development of heat‐resistant and salt‐tolerant foam with betaine surfactants
Authors: Zhang Tianci , Ge Jijiang , Guo Hongbin , Li Longjie , Huang Lan , Wang Jianhai , Su Ziwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA modified instrument was designed to evaluate foam properties under high temperature and pressure. The type and molar ratio of betaine surfactants were screened to develop the heat‐resistant and salt‐tolerant foam for Tahe oilfield (130°C, 220 g/L), and the effects of temperature and pressure on foam properties were also investigated. The synergism between surfactants and the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of foam flooding in fractured‐vuggy reservoirs were studied. Experimental results showed the developed foam had excellent foaming ability and foam stability when the lauramidopropyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine (LHSB): erucic amide propyl betaine (EAB) molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 (initial foam volume was 392 ml when the molar ratio was 1:1, drainage half‐time was 5.75 min and foam half‐time was 72 min when the molar ratio was 1:2 at 130°C and 2 MPa). The synergistic effect was found to reach its maximum when the LHSB:EAB molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 according to interaction parameters, which agreed with the results of foam properties. Foam stability was found to considerably increase with increasing pressure, but decrease with increasing temperature. However, temperature and pressure were found to have consistent effects on foaming ability, that is, the foaming ability increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The flooding test showed foam flooding exhibited better sweep efficiency and higher recovery ratio in the fractured‐vuggy model than gas flooding and water flooding. This could be because injected foam did not channel through the top (or bottom) path due to its high viscosity and moderate density.
Cellular antioxidant mechanism of mannan‐oligosaccharides involving in enhancing flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Lu Zhi‐Yuan , Jiang Wei‐Dan , Wu Pei , Liu Yang , Ren Hong‐Mei , Jin Xiao‐Wan , Kuang Sheng‐Yao , Li Shu‐Wei , Tang Ling , Zhang Lu , Mi Hai‐Feng , Zhou Xiao‐Qiu , Feng Lin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeterioration of flesh quality has bad effects on consumer satisfaction. Therefore, effects of safe mannan‐oligosaccharides (MOS) on flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) muscle were studied. A total of 540 healthy fish (215.85 ± 0.30 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg−1) for 60 days. This study aimed at investigating the benefits of dietary MOS on flesh quality (fatty acids, amino acids and physicochemical properties) and the protection mechanism regarding antioxidant status.RESULTSOptimal MOS could improve tenderness (27.4%), pH (5.5%) while decreasing cooking loss (16.6%) to enhance flesh quality. Meanwhile, optimal MOS improved flavor inosine 5′‐monophosphate (IMP) of 11.8%, sweetness and umami‐associated amino acid, healthy unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) of 14.9% and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) especially C20:5n‐3 (15.8%) and C22:6n‐3 (38.3%). Furthermore, the mechanism that MOS affected pH, tenderness and cooking loss could be partly explained by the reduced lactate, cathepsin and oxidation, respectively. The enhanced flesh quality was also associated with enhanced antioxidant ability concerning improving antioxidant enzymes activities and the corresponding transcriptional levels, which were regulated through NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Based on pH24h, cooking loss, shear force and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6n‐3), optimal MOS levels for grass carp were estimated to be 442.75, 539.53, 594.73 and 539.53 mg kg−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONDietary MOS is a promising alternative strategy to improve flesh quality of fish muscle. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Application of definitive screening design to optimization of the protein extraction and functional properties of proteins in Auricularia auricula
Authors: Yang Mengdie , Qian Zheng , Zhan Qiping , Zhong Lei , Hu Qiuhui , Zhao Liyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAuricularia auricula (A. auricula) is one of the most abundant sources of plant protein in edible fungi. Problems of low protein yield exist in traditional methods of protein extraction such as alkali extraction and ultrasonic‐assisted alkali after pretreatment with enzymes. Thus, the protein extraction process was investigated and optimized using a definitive screening design from A. auricula to improve the protein yield under practical operating conditions of temperature, the concentration of NaCl, meal/water ratio, extraction time and pH.RESULTSThe yield of protein isolates of the isoelectric‐ammonium sulfate precipitation (9.34% w/w) was obtained almost three times and the protein content (55.23% w/w) was approximately 1.6 times that of the traditional extraction method of isoelectric precipitation. Next, the optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of the functional properties of the protein. A. auricula protein isolate (AAPI) had better solubility, emulsification and foaming capacity than soy protein isolate (SPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI), and the oil holding capacity of AAPI exhibited extremely well, which was approximately five times that of SPI and six times that of PPI. The texture properties of AAPI gel were similar to those of PPI gels.CONCLUSIONAAPI extracted by the optimized method had a satisfactory yield and had the potential to substitute plant‐originated proteins in food processing. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
L‐Theanine regulates lipid metabolism by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism
Authors: Xu Wei , Kong Yingying , Zhang Tuo , Gong Zhihua , Xiao Wenjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDl‐Theanine (LTA) is a biologically active ingredient in tea that shows great potential for regulating lipid metabolism. Bile acids (BA), an important end‐product of cholesterol catabolism, participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effect of LTA on lipid metabolism and the mechanism by which it regulates BA metabolism and gut microbiota. Male BALB/c mice were treated with LTA for 28 days.RESULTSDaily LTA doses of 100 and 300 mg kg−1 d−1 altered the gut microbiota in mice, predominantly by decreasing Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium and Enterorhabdus microbes associated with bile‐salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, thereby decreasing the activity of BSH and increasing the levels of ileum conjugated BA (such as glycocholic acid (GCA) and lithocholic acid), thereby inhibiting the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)‐fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling pathway. Inhibition of FXR‐FGF15 signaling was accompanied by upregulation of cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA and protein expression and increased hepatic production of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, GCA, glycine cholic acid and glycine ursodeoxycholic acid. Meanwhile, increasing hepatic unconjugated BA upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of liver 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1, liver low‐density lipoprotein receptor and type B scavenger receptor. Therefore, the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides decreased.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that LTA regulates lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota and BA metabolism via the FXR‐FGF15‐CYP7A1 pathway. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fifty years of bone tumors
Authors: Bartelstein Meredith K. , Boland Patrick J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere have been enormous advances in the treatment of bone tumors over the past half‐century. The most notable of these has been the transition from amputation as the standard of care to limb salvage surgery. This transition is the result of advances in imaging techniques, accurate diagnosis, systemic therapies (including chemotherapy), and prosthetic design for the reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects. Advances have also been made in the management of benign and metastatic bone tumors.