bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performative Intermediaries Versus Digital Regulation. A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the Power of Algorithms
Authors: Garzonio Emma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs our economies, media, services and practices are becoming progressively more interconnected through and dependent on software and data-agile structures, efforts are being made worldwide to keep pace and to discipline this subject through regulatory frameworks. The ever-increasing pervasiveness of the role and power of digital platforms and intermediaries in our everyday lives has also broadened the scope of the reflection on their sociological, political, cultural and structural implications. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this contribution aims at defining and clarifying where algorithmic power and human regulation meet. To do so, both media studies and juridical discipline will come in handy in defining the theoretical framework of the first and the effectiveness of the second. Firstly, the theoretical background for understanding the “power of algorithms” will be outlined through a review of selected research literature on digital intermediaries, platform politics and algorithmic performance. Then, examination of the European digital regulation corpus will highlight the crucial issues that it aims to regulate, as well as the new perspectives that could impact and change the structure of the European digital space.
“Personal Influence” and Influencer Logic: A Theoretical and Methodological Comparison
Authors: Sonzogni Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the digital era, there is an increasing number of areas where the footprints we leave behind (voluntarily or not) become relevant for the use (legitimate or not) that can be made of them, creating new broad scenarios of analysis in different fields of interest. These developments have affected a wide range of scientific fields, and social sciences have also been called upon to face major challenges from an epistemological, theoretical and methodological standpoint. In this regard, the use of research tools, such as social network analysis and sentiment analysis, poses many questions to the researcher regarding their robustness, also in comparison to traditional research methods and techniques, i.e. the two-step flow communication model. This paper will propose a theoretical and methodological comparison between the Katz-Lazarsdeldian tradition of the notion of personal influence and the one of influencer logic that is central in digital methods. Starting from this evaluation, the question is whether what is happening in the field of the analysis of the big data provided by the spread of the digital footprint is capable of adding some new element to what has already been highlighted by the “two-step communication theory”, or whether it simply represents its explication.
What People Leave Behind Online: Digital Traces and Web-Mediated Documents for Social Research
Authors: Arosio Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndividuals and groups leave evidence of their lives when they are engaged in their activities. In this way, they create a rich amount of material that tells us about their behaviours, opinions and values. This material is not created for research purposes and is different from that solicited by researchers. In recent decades, the spread of new communication technologies has amplified the possibility of creating and disseminating this kind of data outside the research context.In this chapter, what people leave behind (WPLB) online is studied from a strictly methodological point of view. What kind of evidence are researchers dealing with? Is it possible to reconnect it with the traditional methodological framework? We suggest that data left behind by people and groups on the Internet should be divided into three different categories: online found data (digital traces), online retrieved data (web-mediated documents) and online captured data (online behaviours). The phase of contextualization proves essential in understanding the very nature of (online) data.This work leads to rediscovering the potential of classical methodological tools such as simple observation, documentary analysis and trace analysis. These practices provide methodological value to research projects that analyse WPLB in physical and web-mediated environments.
Trace and Traceability in/of the Face: A Semiotic Reading through Art
Authors: Barbotto Forzano Silvia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrom the study of semiotic paradigms in relation to the face, we focus on the traces, understanding how some flourish from the tangible but ignored signs left by humans daily, while others are totally imbricated in the face from/in which they transpire.We typologize them in three varieties, from their multidimensional configuration, offering case studies of emanation, imbrication, and cancellation. First, between art and forensic tendencies, Dewey-Hagborg uses hair, cigarettes, and chewing gum off the streets to program and build 3D faces through the DNA found in them. Secondly, we examine the artistic work of Jorit who engraves on his face the sign that symbolizes belonging to a tribe he is working with. Name-face isomorphism emerges in the third case: Janez Janša carries out a performative sociopolitical program to test, destabilize, and reorganize cultural complexity.All offer a syncretic situation analyzable by means of the semiotic approach and bioanthropological resources. The divergent weights of similar elements make us reflect on the relationship between the innermost meanings of our faces and their tracks in a sort of anticlockwise movement but also on the convergence between macro-cultural and techno-political orientations with intimate and located magnitude.
Clues of Displacement: The Gentrification of Silver Hill
Authors: Rose Daniel J. , Flynn Thomas P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the United States, gentrification typically involves whites displacing African American, working-class communities. This work uses a political economy framework to better understand the clues displacement leaves behind. Specifically, this research investigates what happened to a former community in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, known as Silver Hill, which was an enclave of mostly African American residents founded in the late nineteenth century just west of the city. Through archival research and investigation of the remaining traces of the neighborhood, we develop a theory of spatial erasure that highlights how wealthy white communities that grew up around Silver Hill subsumed and eradicated it. Specifically, racial capitalism played a major role in the abuse and neglect of Silver Hill. The neighborhood became surrounded by wealthy white developments which cut off road access to their homes. Today, a cemetery, two houses, and a litany of historical records offer clues about what was once a thriving African American community. Additionally, descendants of the neighborhood’s residents provide key information about its life and death. We discuss the implications of examining this history, especially as it pertains to the collective remembrance of Silver Hill.
Vertrauen, Misstrauen, Paranoia. Misstrauische Sozialsysteme als Systemtyp
Authors: Weißmann Martin 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDas in diesem Kapitel entwickelte Konzept „misstrauischer Sozialsysteme“ soll zur Bezeichnung und Analyse eines Typs sozialer Systeme dienen, die wie zum Beispiel kriminalpolizeiliche Abteilungen, investigativ-journalistische Recherchekollektive, Geheimdienste, Organisationsabteilungen für interne Ermittlungen und andere mit Kontrollaufgaben betraute Sozialsysteme nicht nur funktional auf die Gewinnung von Informationen über bestimmte Umweltsachverhalte spezialisiert sind, sondern für die darüber hinaus gilt, dass die gesuchten Informationen nicht einfach unkritisch eingesammelt, sondern im Modus der Geheimnisaufklärung gewonnen werden müssen, weil das ermittelnde System damit rechnet, dass im fraglichen Umweltsegment Prozesse des Verbergens und Täuschens ablaufen mit dem Ziel, die Informationsgewinnung durch das ermittelnde System zu behindern. Auf Grund dieser Lage können die ermittelnden misstrauischen Sozialsysteme ihr Ziel der Gewinnung zutreffender Informationen nur erreichen, wenn sie dem ihnen jeweils zugänglichen ersten Eindruck nicht vorbehaltlos trauen, sondern ein überdurchschnittliches Maß an Skepsis und Misstrauen gegenüber den ihnen zugänglichen Informationen und Informanten praktizieren und institutionalisieren.
Dualization of higher derivative heterotic supergravities in 6D and 10D
Authors: Chang Hao-Yuan , Sezgin Ergin , Tanii Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There exist two four-derivative extensions of N = (1, 0) supergravity in six dimensions. A particular combination of them is known to dualize to the analog of the Bergshoeff-de Roo (BdR) action in 10D. Here we first show that the two extensions are not related to each other by any field redefinitions. Next, we dualize them separately thereby obtaining a two parameter dual theory. This is done directly at the level of the action, thus avoiding the laborious method of integrating equations of motion of the dualized theory into an action. To explore whether a similar phenomenon exists in 10D, we study the dualization of the BdR action in 10D in detail. We find an obstacle in the separation of the result into a sum of two independent invariants because of the presence of terms which do not lift from 6D to 10D. We also compare the dual of the BdR action with an existing result obtained in superspace. We find that the bosonic actions agree modulo field redefinitions.
On non-supersymmetric fixed points in five dimensions
Authors: Bertolini Matteo , Mignosa Francesco , van Muiden Jesse 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We generalize recent results regarding the phase space of the mass deformed E1 fixed point to a full class of five-dimensional superconformal field theories, known as X1,N. As in the E1 case, a phase transition occurs as a supersymmetry preserving and a supersymmetry breaking mass deformations are appropriately tuned. The order of such phase transition could not be unequivocally determined in the E1 case. For X1,N, instead, we can show that at large N there exists a regime where the phase transition is second order. Our findings give supporting evidence for the existence of non-supersymmetric fixed points in five dimensions.
Group-Wise Shrinkage Estimation in Penalized Model-Based Clustering
Authors: Casa Alessandro , Cappozzo Andrea , Fop Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFinite Gaussian mixture models provide a powerful and widely employed probabilistic approach for clustering multivariate continuous data. However, the practical usefulness of these models is jeopardized in high-dimensional spaces, where they tend to be over-parameterized. As a consequence, different solutions have been proposed, often relying on matrix decompositions or variable selection strategies. Recently, a methodological link between Gaussian graphical models and finite mixtures has been established, paving the way for penalized model-based clustering in the presence of large precision matrices. Notwithstanding, current methodologies implicitly assume similar levels of sparsity across the classes, not accounting for different degrees of association between the variables across groups. We overcome this limitation by deriving group-wise penalty factors, which automatically enforce under or over-connectivity in the estimated graphs. The approach is entirely data-driven and does not require additional hyper-parameter specification. Analyses on synthetic and real data showcase the validity of our proposal.
Prescribing Gaussian curvature on surfaces with conical singularities and geodesic boundary
Authors: Battaglia Luca , Jevnikar Aleks , Wang Zhi-An , Yang Wen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study conformal metrics with prescribed Gaussian curvature on surfaces with conical singularities and geodesic boundary in supercritical regimes. Exploiting a variational argument, we derive a general existence result for surfaces with at least two boundary components. This seems to be the first result in this setting. Moreover, we allow to have conical singularities with both positive and negative orders, that is cone angles both less and greater than $$2\pi$$

2
π

.
Unequal access to justice: an evaluation of RSPO’s capacity to resolve palm oil conflicts in Indonesia
Authors: Afrizal Afrizal , Hospes Otto , Berenschot Ward , Dhiaulhaq Ahmad , Adriana Rebekha , Poetry Erysa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 2009 the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) established a conflict resolution mechanism to help rural communities address their grievances against palm oil companies that are RSPO members. This article presents the broadest ever comprehensive assessment of the use and effectiveness of the RSPO conflict resolution mechanism, providing both overviews and in-depth analysis. Our central question is: to what extent does the RSPO conflict resolution mechanism offer an accessible, fair and effective tool for communities in Indonesia to resolve conflicts with companies? Our aim is not only to provide a ‘reality check’ of this mechanism but also to contribute to the wider debate on how communities can seek access to justice when engaged in intractable conflicts with palm oil companies. For data collection, we took three steps. First, we used our own database of 150 conflicts between communities and companies in Indonesia. We identified 64 conflicts that involved RSPO member companies, of which 17 prompted communities to convey their grievances to the RSPO’s conflict resolution mechanism. Second, we used the database of the RSPO, which handled 85 complaints against companies in Indonesia in the period 2009–2020. Third, we conducted fieldwork, in total, about 6 months of fieldwork and extensive interviews on three conflicts involving RSPO companies to identify mechanisms leading to (and reasons for) both failed and successful instances of conflict resolution. For our assessment, we used three criteria to assess the conflict resolution mechanism of the RSPO: accessibility, procedural justice, and the outcomes of the process. We conclude that—on all counts—the conflict resolution mechanism is biased in favor of companies. The result of these biases is that the actual capacity of the RSPO’s mechanism to provide a meaningful remedy for rural communities’ grievances remains very limited. This unequal access to justice sustains conflicts between companies and communities over land.
A comprehensive survey on the sine–cosine optimization algorithm
Authors: Rizk-Allah Rizk M. , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetaheuristic algorithms based on intelligent rules have been successfully developed and applied to solve many optimization areas over the past few decades. The sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) imitates the behaviour of transcendental functions while the sine and cosine functions are presented to explore and exploit the search space. SCA starts by random population and executes iterative evolution processes to update the standard evolutionary algorithm’s destination or the best location. SCA used linear transition rules to balance the exploration and exploitation searches while searching for the best or optimal solutions. Since Mirjalili proposed it in 2016, SCA has attracted many researchers’ attention to deal with several optimization problems in many fields due to its strengths in solving optimization tasks that include the simple concept, easiness of implementation, and rapid convergence. This paper aims to provide researchers with a relatively comprehensive and extensive overview of the Sine–Cosine optimization algorithm in the literature to inspire further research. It examines the available publications, including improvements, binary, chaotic, hybridizations, multi-objective variants, and different applications. Some optimization formulations regarding single-objective optimization problems, multi-objective optimization problems, binary-objective optimization problems, and more classifications regarding the optimization types are discussed. An extensive bibliography is also included.
Applying the 15N labelling technique to material derived from a landfill simulation experiment to understand nitrogen cycle processes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Fricko Nora , Wanek Wolfgang , Fellner Johann 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReactive nitrogen (N) species, such as ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3) and gaseous nitrous oxide (N2O), are released into the environment during the degradation of municipal solid waste (MSW), causing persistent environmental problems. Landfill remediation measures, such as in-situ aeration, may accelerate the degradation of organic compounds and reduce the discharge of ammonium via leachate. Nonetheless, the actual amount of N in the waste material remains relatively constant and a coherent explanation for the decline in leachate ammonium concentrations is still lacking. Hence, the present study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of N and its transformation processes during waste degradation. To this end, the gross rates of organic N mineralization and nitrification were measured using 15N pool dilution in waste material derived from a landfill simulation reactor (LSR) experiment. The results revealed a high potential for N mineralization and nitrification, the latter of which declined with the diminishing amount of extractable ammonium (after aeration). The analysis of the concentration and isotopic composition of N2O formed confirmed incomplete denitrification as the main source for N2O. Moreover, the natural abundance of 15N was investigated in various waste N pools to verify the conclusions drawn from the 15N tracing experiment. δ15N values of total waste N increased during aeration, indicating that nitrification is the major driver for N losses from aerated waste. The application of stable isotopes thereby allowed unprecedented insights into the complex N dynamics in decomposing landfill waste, of their response to aeration and their effect on hydrological versus gaseous loss pathways.
Equality Before the Courts? Studying Citizenship Disparities in Sentencing in Catalonia
Authors: Riba José María López , Cabello Úrsula Ruiz , Gómez Daniel Varona , Vasilescu Cristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOverrepresentation of foreigners in prisons is a well-established fact in Spain. However, there is a lack of empirical studies exploring the causes of this overrepresentation. Based on focal concerns theory, this paper aims to explore one of the possible causes of this overrepresentation: sentencing disparities between Spanish and foreign citizens. For this purpose, two subsets of court records are used to study disparities in the odds of incarceration (n = 2310) and differences in the length of prison sentence (n = 1162). Due to alleged limitations of standard regression models to analyse disparities in sentencing when differences between groups are large, entropy re-weighting was used to achieve balance between group observations with regard to control variables. The analyses reveal, on the one hand that, even when controlling for relevant legal and other extra-legal factors, citizens from Africa have higher odds than Spanish citizens to be sentenced to prison. On the other hand, no differences in the length of the conviction have been found.
Endogenous AhR agonist FICZ accumulates in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevins exposed to a mixture of two PAHs, retene and fluoranthene
Authors: Eriksson Andreas N. M. , Rigaud Cyril , Wincent Emma , Pakkanen Hannu , Salonen Pihla , Vehniäinen Eeva-Riikka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple studies have reported synergized toxicity of PAH mixtures in developing fish larvae relative to the additive effect of the components. From a toxicological perspective, multiple mechanisms are known to contribute to synergism, such as altered toxicodynamics and kinetics, as well as increased oxidative stress. An understudied contributor to synergism is the accumulation of endogenous metabolites, for example: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR2) agonist and tryptophan metabolite 6-Formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ). Fish larvae exposed to FICZ, alongside knock-down of cytochrome p450 (cyp1a), has been reported to induced symptoms of toxicity similar to those observed following exposure to PAHs or the dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Here, we explored if FICZ accumulates in newly hatched rainbow trout alevins (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to two PAHs with different properties: retene (potent AhR2 agonist) and fluoranthene (weak AhR2 agonist and Cyp1a inhibitor), either alone or as a binary mixture for 3 and 7 days. We found that exposure to the mixture resulted in accumulation of endogenous FICZ, synergized the blue sac disease index (BSD), and altered the body burden profiles of the PAHs, when compared to the alevins exposed to the individual components. It is thus very plausible that accumulation of endogenously derived FICZ contributed to the synergized BSD index and toxicity in exposed alevins. Accumulation of endogenously derived FICZ is a novel finding that extends our general understanding on PAHs toxicity in developing fish larvae, while at the same time highlighting why environmental risk assessment of PAHs should not be based solely results from the assessment of individual compounds.
Fate of P from organic and inorganic fertilizers assessed by complementary approaches
Authors: Hu Yue , Jarosch Klaus A. , Kavka Mareike , Eichler-Löbermann Bettina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLong-term field experiments (LTFEs) can provide an extensive overview on the effectiveness of phosphorus (P) management. In order to have a detailed insight into the availability and distribution of the P in soil as affected by organic and inorganic fertilizers (no P, triple-superphosphate (TSP), compost and compost + TSP), soil samples collected at a LTFE established in 1998 in Northern Germany at different sampling dates and soil depths were subjected to P characterization including the double-lactate method (P-dl) as standard soil test, the degree of P sorption (DPS), the sequential P fractionation and isotopic exchange kinetics. While the type of fertilizer had rarely an effect on the soil P pools, higher amounts of P applied resulted in increased values of P-dl, labile P fractions and P that was isotopically exchangeable within 1 min (p < 0.05). The DPS values varied from on average 40.2% (no P) to 47.2% (compost + TSP) with small variations during the experimental time. In contrast, significant shifts from less available to readily available P pools were measured between the sampling in autumn 2017 and spring 2019. The differences in the P budgets between the treatments corresponded to the differences of the total P stocks in 0–90 cm, yet with an estimated upward or downward movement of P between the soil depths as consequences of long-term deficit or surplus of fertilizer P. The use of complementary methods in this study contributed to a better understanding of the potential availability of P in soil in a long term perspective.