bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the accuracy of distance‐ and interview‐based measures of hunting pressure
Authors: Griffiths Brian M. , Kolowski Joseph , Bowler Mark , Gilmore Michael P. , Benson Elizabeth , Lewis Forrest , Stabach Jared 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the Amazon Rainforest, the sustainability of hunting is difficult to model. Accurate sustainability models for hunting of mammal populations require a spatially explicit measure of hunting pressure. Because field‐based measures of hunting pressure are time and labor‐intensive, distance‐based proxies for hunting pressure are frequently used. In this study, we tested accuracy of distance‐based parameters in predicting measured hunting pressure obtained through interviews for a riverine community in the Peruvian Amazon. We examined the spatial accuracy of the interviews and investigated the minimum requirements for spatial assessment of hunting pressure based on interviews. Results illustrate that hunter‐reported animal kill locations were accurate to within a mean of 1 km. Interview effort results showed that approximately 4 months of interviews capturing at least 50% of hunts are necessary to obtain a complete measure of hunting pressure across the landscape. Generalized linear models identified a novel spatially explicit approach that explained 59% of the deviance in measured hunting pressure. Our model was based on distances from locations that are easily obtained through remotely sensed imagery, participatory mapping, and terrain characteristics, highlighting that biologically relevant and spatially explicit estimates of hunting pressure can be obtained without lengthy field‐based methods. Hunting pressure across a landscape can be accurately predicted from remote sensing, participatory mapping, and terrain characteristics.
Accelerated rate of progression of bioprosthetic aortic stenosis in patients with renal disease
Authors: Penmetsa Megha , Joseph Joel , Pu Min , Richardson Karl 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRenal disease can lead to more rapid progression of aortic stenosis. However, there are limited case report data investigating the impact of renal disease on the rate of prosthetic aortic valve stenosis. We sought to quantify the rate of progression of bioprosthetic aortic stenosis in patients with renal disease.MethodsPatients with bioprosthetic aortic valves and at least two transthoracic echocardiograms six or more months apart were included. Echocardiographic data from patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–4, and normal renal function were compared using ANOVA and Kruskal‐Wallis tests.ResultsOne hundred fifteen patients (43 ESRD, 52 CKD, and 20 controls) were included in this study. Changes in dimensionless index (DI) (units/year) for patients with normal renal function, CKD, and ESRD were .025 ± .13, −.040 ± .08, −.10 ± .13, respectively, leading to calculated changes in aortic valve area (AVA) (cm2/year) of .04 ± .28, −.13 ± .29, −.42 ± .72, respectively. Change in peak gradient (m/sec/year) was significantly lower for patients with normal renal function compared to ESRD; −.077 ± 5.98 versus 7.18 ± 17.9. In the ESRD group, a nonsignificant trend toward greater change in DI/year was seen in TAVR compared to SAVR: −.14 ± .16 versus −.08 ± .11.ConclusionOur results confirm limited available data reporting an accelerated rate of bioprosthetic stenosis in patients with CKD and ESRD. These data not only quantify this progression but may also inform clinical decision‐making and valve selection in patients with renal disease.
Strong impact of temperature and resource specialisation on patterns of voltinism within an oak‐associated insect community
Authors: Gaytán Álvaro , Gotthard Karl , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Insect phenology consists of the timing of life events, as well as the number of generations (voltinism). While several studies have focused on the impact of climate on the timing of seasonal events, or the voltinism of single species, we have few insights into the factors that shape patterns of voltinism within ecological communities. Importantly, voltinism can have a major impact on population growth, species interactions, and rate of evolution.
We investigated the relative importance of spatial variation in temperature and species traits in shaping patterns of voltinism within an herbivore community feeding on deciduous oaks across a temperature gradient in Europe.
Voltinism increased with temperature, where the probability for a species to be univoltine decreased with temperature, whereas the probability for a species to be strictly multivoltine increased with temperature. The relative abundance of the first and subsequent generations of multivoltine species did not significantly change along the temperature gradient. Resource specialisation affected voltinism, where oligophagous and polyphagous species were more likely to be strictly multivoltine than narrow oligophagous species. Overwintering stage and body size did not affect voltinism, and there was no evidence that species traits influenced the relationship between temperature and voltinism.
Our findings highlight that temperature and species traits shape variation in voltinism within an herbivore community associated with oak trees. These temperature‐induced shifts in voltinism within the oak‐associated herbivore community may have profound effects on the synchrony within and between trophic levels, and consequently for food web structure and outbreak dynamics.
Amygdala and subregion volumes are associated with photoperiod and seasonal depressive symptoms: A cross‐sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Majrashi Naif A. , Alyami Ali S. , Shubayr Nasser A. , Alenezi Meshaal M. , Waiter Gordon D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough seasonal changes in amygdala volume have been demonstrated in animals, seasonal differences in human amygdala subregion volumes have yet to be investigated. Amygdala volume has also been linked to depressed mood. Therefore, we hypothesised that differences in photoperiod would predict differences in amygdala or subregion volumes and that this association would be linked to depressed mood. 10,033 participants ranging in age from 45 to 79 years were scanned by MRI in a single location. Amygdala subregion volumes were obtained using automated processing and segmentation algorithms. A mediation analysis tested whether amygdala volume mediated the relationship between photoperiod and mood. Photoperiod was positively associated with total amygdala volume (p < .001). Multivariate (GLM) analyses revealed significant effects of photoperiod across all amygdala subregion volumes for both hemispheres (p < .001). Post hoc univariate regression analyses revealed significant associations of photoperiod with each amygdala subregion volume (p < .001). PLS showed the highest loadings of amygdala subregions in lateral nucleus, ABN, basal nucleus, CAT, PLN, AAA, central nucleus, cortical nucleus and medial nucleus for left hemisphere and ABN, lateral nucleus, CAT, PLN, cortical nucleus, AAA, central nucleus and medial nucleus for right hemisphere. There were no significant associations between photoperiod and mood nor between mood scores and amygdala volumes, and due to the lack of these associations, the mediation hypothesis was not supported. This study is the first to demonstrate an association between photoperiod and amygdala volume. These findings add to the evidence supporting the role of photoperiod on brain structural plasticity.
Bacillus Calmette–Guerin vaccination and multiple sclerosis: A population‐based birth cohort study in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Corsenac Philippe , Parent Marie‐Élise , Wolfson Christina , Arbour Nathalie , Duquette Pierre , Benedetti Andrea , Richard Hugues , Stäger Simona , Rousseau Marie‐Claude 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine could reduce the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) through immunomodulation. Previous studies, presenting some limitations, reported no association. We re‐examined this association in a large cohort focusing on relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS).MethodsThe cohort included 400,563 individuals, and was linked with the Quebec provincial BCG vaccination registry and administrative health data. Individuals were followed up from 1983 to 2014 and then within Period 1 (1983–1996) and Period 2 (1997–2014), for the occurrence of MS. Incident MS cases were defined as those with ≥3 hospital or physician claims for MS. Subjects with ≥1 drug reimbursement for MS disease‐modifying therapies were classified as RRMS. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) over the follow‐ups, adjusting for potential confounders. Possible effect modification due to sex was assessed.ResultsA total of 178,335 (46%) individuals were BCG vaccinated. There were 274 (0.06%) incident MS cases identified in 1983–1996, and 1433 (0.4%) in 1997–2014. No association was found with RRMS, either in Period 1 (adjusted HR [HRadj] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63–1.45; 96 cases) or in Period 2 (HRadj = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.85–1.23; 480 cases). The remaining MS cases, for whom the phenotype was unknown, were positively associated with BCG over the entire follow‐up (HRadj = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.10–1.41; 1131 cases) and in Period 2 (HRadj = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.17–1.52; 953 cases). No interaction with sex was found.ConclusionsFindings suggest that BCG vaccination does not decrease the risk of RRMS, and that future studies should consider phenotypes of MS.
Utility of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy: A multicenter study
Authors: Steinbrenner Mirja , Duncan John S. , Dickson John , Rathore Chaturbhuj , Wächter Bettina , Aygun Nafi , Menon Ramshekhar N. , Radhakrishnan Ashalatha , Holtkamp Martin , Ilyas‐Feldmann Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is widely used in presurgical assessment in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (DRE) if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) do not localize the seizure onset zone or are discordant.MethodsIn this multicenter, retrospective observational cohort study, we included consecutive patients with DRE who had undergone FDG‐PET as part of their presurgical workup. We assessed the utility of FDG‐PET, which was defined as contributing to the decision‐making process to refer for resection or intracranial EEG (iEEG) or to conclude surgery was not feasible.ResultsWe included 951 patients in this study; 479 had temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 219 extratemporal epilepsy (ETLE), and 253 epilepsy of uncertain lobar origin. FDG‐PET showed a distinct hypometabolism in 62% and was concordant with ictal EEG in 74% in TLE and in 56% in ETLE (p < .001). FDG‐PET was useful in presurgical decision‐making in 396 patients (47%) and most beneficial in TLE compared to ETLE (58% vs. 44%, p = .001). Overall, FDG‐PET contributed to recommending resection in 78 cases (20%) and iEEG in 187 cases (47%); in 131 patients (33%), FDG‐PET resulted in a conclusion that resection was not feasible. In TLE, seizure‐freedom 1 year after surgery did not differ significantly (p = .48) between patients with negative MRI and EEG‐PET concordance (n = 30, 65%) and those with positive MRI and concordant EEG (n = 46, 68%). In ETLE, half of patients with negative MRI and EEG‐PET concordance and three quarters with positive MRI and concordant EEG were seizure‐free postsurgery (n = 5 vs. n = 6, p = .28).SignificanceThis is the largest reported cohort of patients with DRE who received presurgical FDG‐PET, showing that FDG‐PET is a useful diagnostic tool. MRI‐negative and MRI‐positive cases with concordant FDG‐PET results (with either EEG or MRI) had a comparable outcome after surgery. These findings confirm the significance of FDG‐PET in presurgical epilepsy diagnostics.
Genetic diversity and structure of diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars and breeding materials in Japan based on genome‐wide allele frequency
Authors: Tamura Ken‐ichi , Arakawa Akira , Kiyoshi Takako , Yonemaru Jun‐ichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo reveal the genetic diversity and structure of cultivars and breeding materials of diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Japan, using genome‐wide allele frequency data obtained by genotyping by random amplicon sequencing, direct of pooled DNA, we investigated genetic diversity among and within 89 accessions. We selected 2629 reliable alleles at 456 polymorphic loci to evaluate allele frequency in each accession. Results of hierarchical cluster analysis based on Nei's standard genetic distance and of principal component analysis and nonhierarchical cluster analysis based on the complete set of allele frequencies classified the accessions into a large group including major Japanese cultivars and their ancestral landraces with a wide range of maturity, and a small group with mainly medium maturity, including ‘Gulf’, introduced from overseas. The genetic relationships fully reflected the kinship inferred from the breeding history in Japan. Mean expected heterozygosity (HE) and number of alleles per locus (A) were evaluated as indices of genetic diversity within each accession. We found a significant negative correlation between the year of application for varietal registration and HE or A in 14 early‐maturing Japanese cultivars. The genetic diversity profile can be used for breeding to maintain or increase the diversity within cultivars or breeding materials.
UK guideline for the use of HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis 2021
Authors: Cresswell Fiona , Asanati Kaveh , Bhagani Sanjay , Boffito Marta , Delpech Valerie , Ellis Jayne , Fox Julie , Furness Linda , Kingston Margaret , Mansouri Massoud , Samarawickrama Amanda , Smithson Kat , Sparrowhawk Alex , Rafferty Paul , Roper Tom , Waters Laura , Rodger Alison , Gupta Nadi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present the updated British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to HIV following sexual exposures, occupational exposures and other nonoccupational exposures in the community. This serves as an update to the 2015 BASHH guideline on PEP following sexual exposures and the 2008 Expert Advisory Group on AIDS guidelines on HIV PEP. We aim to provide evidence‐based guidance on best clinical practice in the provision, monitoring and support of PEP for the prevention of HIV acquisition following sexual, occupational and other nonoccupational exposures in the community. The guideline covers when to prescribe PEP, what antiretroviral agents to use and how to manage PEP. This includes (i) evidence of PEP efficacy; (ii) evidence relating to individual‐level efficacy of antiretroviral therapy to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV; (iii) data on the detectable (transmissible) prevalence of HIV in specific populations; (iv) risk of HIV transmission following different types of sexual and occupational exposure; (v) baseline risk assessment; (vi) drug regimens and dosing schedules; (vii) monitoring PEP; (viii) baseline and follow‐up blood‐borne virus testing; (ix) the role of PEP within broader HIV prevention strategies, for example, HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The guideline also covers special scenarios such as PEP in pregnancy, breastfeeding and chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and when PEP should be considered in people using HIV PrEP. The guidelines are aimed at clinical professionals directly involved in PEP provision and other stakeholders in the field. A proforma to assist PEP consultations is included. A public consultation process was undertaken prior to finalizing the recommendations.
Mechanisms and applications of milk‐derived bioactive peptides in Food for Special Medical Purposes
Authors: Wang Linlin , Shao Xiaoqing , Cheng Ming , Fan Xiaoxue , Wang Cunfang , Jiang Hua , Zhang Xiaoning 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMilk protein is a high‐quality protein in human diet and a crucial source of bioactive peptides (BAPs) due to its unique nutritional and biological functions. Milk‐derived BAP has been proven to be able to regulate the cardiovascular, immune, digestive and nervous systems. Recently, milk‐derived BAP has a lot of attention in the area of food and biomedicine, especially Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs), a novel solution to nutrition management for patients. In this article of review, the mechanisms of milk‐derived BAP in nutrition management are described, including mechanisms for antithrombosis, antihypertension, antibacteria, regulation of the immune system, inhibition of fat synthesis, promotion of trace element absorption, regulation of intestinal microecological environment and analgesia. Applications of milk‐derived BAP in FSMP are also summarised, with the view of providing a theoretical reference for the field of FSMP on precise nutritional support.
Influence of wheatgrass and mung bean microgreens incorporation on physicochemical, textural, sensory, antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of gluten‐free eggless rice muffins
Authors: Kaur Nancydeep , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Amritpal 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIn this study, gluten‐free eggless muffins were prepared by incorporating wheatgrass (WP) and mung bean microgreens (MP) powder in rice flour at 2%, 4% and 6% levels. The batter rheology was evaluated and muffins studied for changes in physicochemical, textural, antioxidant, sensory properties and phenolic composition. The batter viscoelasticity, firmness, gumminess and chewiness increased, while height and specific volume (SV) of muffins declined by increasing the level of WP and MP incorporation. WP and MP incorporated muffins exhibited higher protein content, dietary fibre, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant properties. WP incorporated muffins were rich in total free and bound phenolic acids, while MP incorporated muffins had more total free and bound flavonoids. The 6%MP incorporated muffins were rated lower by sensory panellists, while 2%WP incorporated muffins were acceptable with better nutritional profile, similar cohesiveness, springiness and SV to that of rice alone muffins.
Value of cerebrospinal fluid white cell count and protein level in predicting leptomeningeal involvement by systemic aggressive B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Bennett Rory , Ruskova Anna , Petrasich Michelle , Theakston Edward 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiagnostic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for patients with newly diagnosed aggressive B‐cell lymphoma at risk of secondary central nervous system involvement typically includes multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC), cytology (CC), white cell count (WCC) and total protein. The strength of relationships between MFC results and the remaining variables has been disputed in small studies. We explored these relationships in a large homogeneous cohort of patient samples, aiming to establish the relationship between WCC and protein level and MFC results.MethodsAdult patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma at risk of CNS involvement who underwent staging CSF analysis by MFC were identified retrospectively from institutional electronic records between October 2011 and December 2020.ResultsThree hundred and seventy eight samples, including 45 (11.9%) MFC+ samples, were analysed. The relative sensitivity of CC for MFC positivity was 0.38, with PPV of 0.68. Significantly higher median WCC (p < .001) and protein levels (p = .011) were seen in MFC+ vs. MFC− samples. MFC + CC+ (vs. MFC + CC− samples) demonstrated higher median neoplastic events and neoplastic cell concentration. WCC ≥36 × 106/L and protein ≥1.12 g/L cut‐off values demonstrated the highest PPVs for MFC positivity (0.67 and 0.88, respectively).ConclusionsStatistically significant associations exist between elevated WCC and protein and MFC positivity, and selected WCC and protein cut‐off values have PPVs comparable to that of cytological assessment. Whilst routine WCC and protein analysis may be unnecessary, WCC/protein values above these levels could be regarded as reasonable evidence of CSF involvement in the appropriate setting.
Hydrothermal fabrication of p‐Cu2O−n‐ZnO films and their properties for photodegradation and ultraviolet sensors
Authors: Li Yu‐Xian , Chang Kao‐Shuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article reports spin coating and hydrothermal approaches to the synthesis of Cu2O seed layer−ZnO and Cu2O film−ZnO heterojunction films on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates. Cu2O seed layers and an ethylene glycol (EG) reducing agent were employed to obtain pure, uniform, and adhesive Cu2O films on the substrate. Transmission electron microscopy validated the heterojunctions with clear interfaces between each component on the p‐Cu2O film−n‐ZnO (with EG) sample, the conductive types of which were determined through Mott−Schottky measurements. Constructed energy band diagrams supported the Mott−Schottky result, manifesting favorable conduction band positions for the generation of •O2− radicals for all constituent materials and indicating smooth charge carrier transport for the p‐Cu2O film−n‐ZnO (with EG) sample. Furthermore, abundant p−n junction interfaces synergistically enabled the sample to exhibit the most satisfactory photodegradation capability (rate constant ≈ 8.9 × 10−3 min−1), which was attributable to the predominance of •OH radicals. The sample's rectifying (diode) behavior with a ratio of the current density (J) at +3 V (forward bias) to that at −3 V (reverse bias) of approximately 27 was observed without ultraviolet illumination. Moreover, the J at −3 V is under illumination approximately 80 times that without illumination, implying the suitability of the sample for UV detectability.
Electronic properties and stability of M2O3 (M = Al, Ga, In) and alloy (MxGa1‐x)2O3 in α and β phases: A theoretical study
Authors: Jia Xubo , Jin Wentao , Han Han , Yu Jinying , Wu Yelong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGa2O3 is clearly emerging as an important wide band‐gap semiconductor. Band‐gap engineering is now highly demanded for expanding its applications. Alloying with the same group of metal oxides is a straightforward and effective way. In this work, by using hybrid density functional theory calculations, the structural, electronic properties, and phase stability of group IIIA (Al, Ga, In) metal oxides and their ternary alloys (MxGa1‐x)2O3 (M = Al, In) in the corundum and monoclinic phases are systematically investigated. The lattice constants, elastic constants, modulus, formation energies, band‐gaps, band‐gap deformation potentials, band‐edge alignments, band‐gap bowing, and ternary alloy formation energies are obtained. The basic relations between the geometric structure and electronic properties are discussed. It is found that the cation ordered structure is the most stable alloy structure in the monoclinic phase, rather than the random alloy structure as is commonly thought. A phase stability diagram of the (MxGa1‐x)2O3 alloys is established, showing that the stable phase of the alloy changes from the monoclinic phase to the corundum phase when the incorporation of Al2O3 (In2O3) is greater than 69% (76%). These results can be used to understand the relative experimental data and shed some light on the synthesis and device design efforts of Ga2O3.
The Mere Substitution Defence of Nudging Works for Neurointerventions Too
Authors: Douglas Thomas 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTNudges are often defended on the basis that they merely substitute existing influences on choice with other influences that are similar in kind; they introduce no new kind of influence into the choice situation. I motivate the view that, if this defence succeeds in establishing the moral innocuousness of typical nudges, it also establishes the moral innocuousness of an intuitively wrongful neurochemical intervention. I then consider two attempts to rebut this view and argue that both fail. I end by spelling out four stances that the proponent of the defence might adopt in response to my argument.