bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military‐related stress, self‐efficacy, and anxiety: Investigating the role of marital quality in military couples
Authors: Lucier‐Greer Mallory , Frye‐Cox Nick , Reed‐Fitzke Kayla , Ferraro Anthony J. , Mancini Jay A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study utilizes a stress process framework in conjunction with a crossover perspective to conceptualize how stress, specifically military‐related stress, manifests within individuals and couples. An actor–partner interdependence mediation modeling approach was used in a cross‐sectional sample of 243 military couples to examine whether difficulties managing military‐related stress may erode one's own self‐efficacy and, in turn, contribute to greater anxiety (actor effects) and/or one's partner's self‐efficacy and, in turn, anxiety (partner effects). Further, the potential moderating impact of marital quality was explicated in the model to understand if greater marital quality might buffer the impact of military‐related stress. There was support for the stress process model primarily regarding actor effects; fewer partner effects emerged. One's own perceptions of military‐related stress, specifically higher stress, were related to lower levels of their own self‐efficacy, and, consequently, higher anxiety, but military‐related stress did not directly affect the partner's self‐efficacy or anxiety. Both service members' and civilian spouses' marital quality had ramifications for civilian spouses' self‐efficacy, specifically a buffering effect; that was not the case regarding civilian spouse effects on the military member. Findings point to specific ways in which military stressors have implications for personal well‐being, the role of a strong couple relationship in buffering stress, especially for civilian spouses, and concomitant leverage points for supporting both individual and couple well‐being.
Sulphated and carboxymethylated polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum L. leaves suppress the gelatinisation, retrogradation and digestibility of potato starch
Authors: Zhou Fa , Su Lijing , Xu Jiana , Wang Mengze , Fan Junfeng , Zhang Bolin , Li Yonghua 
Published: October 2022

SummaryProcessing starch with polysaccharides promotes broader applications, and it is important to consider all possible structural interactions among the molecular ingredients. In this study, polysaccharides isolated from Lycium barbarum L. were chemically modified by sulphation (SLP) and carboxymethylation (CLP), and the effects on the gelatinisation, retrogradation, and digestibility properties of the potato starch were investigated. After chemical modification, the slope of the curve between the molar mass and molecular radius of polysaccharides decreased, revealing that the relatively rigid rod‐like structure of native polysaccharide (0.78) changed to SLP's random linear chain (0.53) and CLP's spherical conformation (0.23), and the water solubility increased from 63.6% to 70.4% (SLP) and 84.1% (CLP) in distilled water at 25 °C. Moreover, testing polysaccharides as an additive indicated that both derivatives significantly decreased the peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback viscosity during potato starch pasting. Furthermore, the possible interactions could be further examined by structure analyses, suggesting the polysaccharide and SLP hydrogen bonds interacted with the surfaces of starch granules, while CLP penetrated the interiors of pasted starch granules, destroyed the helixes and backbone structure of starch, and formed type V crystallinity with amylose. The results of in vitro digestion analysis revealed that polysaccharides could decrease the amount of resistant starch and increase the amount of slowly digestible starch, which might be related to the inhibition of starch gelatinisation. These results facilitate the application of chemical derivatives in starch‐based functional foods and understand the interaction mechanism between potato starch and polysaccharides.
Effectiveness and safety of radium‐223 dichloride in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases in real‐world practice: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Hori Yoshifumi , Shiota Masaki , Blas Leandro , Nakamura Motonobu , Seki Narihito , Kuroiwa Kentaro , Yokomizo Akira , Morokuma Futoshi , Kiyoshima Keijiro , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveRadium‐223 (Ra‐223) dichloride is the bone‐targeted radioligand therapy that prolongs overall survival (OS) in patients with bone‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this treatment in real‐world practice.MethodsWe included Japanese men treated with Ra‐223 for bone‐metastatic CRPC from 10 institutions, retrospectively. Primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoint was maximum decline of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase, and prostate‐specific antigen values, the rate of adverse events, and time to pathological fracture after Ra‐223 treatment. Exploratory endpoint was the associations between clinical parameters and OS.ResultsIn total, 73 men with bone metastatic CRPC treated with Ra‐223 were enrolled. The median OS was 20.9 months. ALP levels decreased significantly from pre‐treatment (p = 0.03). Anemia occurred in three (4.1%) patients. Grade ≥ 3 non‐pathological fractures occurred in four (5.5%) men. Nine (12.3%) patients presented pathological fracture; 7/30 (23.3%) were in men without concomitant use of a bone‐modifying agent (BMA) while 2/43 (4.7%) were in patients with concomitant BMA (p = 0.03). The median OS in patients with ≥3 cycles treatment (27.2 months, p < 0.001) or hemoglobin ≥12 g/dl (27.2 months, p = 0.001) or absence of bone pain (36.3 months, p = 0.004) was significantly longer compared to those who with ≤2 cycles or hemoglobin<12 g/dl or presence of bone paint, respectively.ConclusionsThis study has shown the outcomes of Ra‐223 treatment in real‐world practice, where the number of treatment cycles, baseline anemia and bone pain may be useful to predict OS in Ra‐223 treatment.
Migrant organisations, belonging and social protection. The role of migrant organisations in migrants' social risk‐averting strategies
Authors: Barglowski Karolina , Bonfert Lisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to the debates on migrant social protection assemblages by assessing enabling factors that provide migrants with opportunities to organise their social protection in changing environments. In‐depth interviews with migrants who use services from several migrant organisations (MOs) were conducted to study their largely neglected roles in social protection practices. Our findings indicate that MOs are important actors in the field of social protection, as they offer a variety of social services specifically tailored to migrants' needs, while concomitantly supporting them in developing a sense of belonging. Specifically, we identify three functions with which they enable their members to access and accumulate a range of resources relevant to protecting themselves against basic social risks: their networking, consulting, and familiarising functions. In doing so, we also draw attention to the connections between social protection strategies and evolving belongingness. Our findings confirm that MOs are multifunctional and highly responsive to individual needs and are therefore important actors in the field of social protection.
Money, Bitcoin, and Monetary Policy
Authors: KANG KEE‐YOUN , LEE SEUNGDUCK 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA search‐theoretic model is constructed, where money and Bitcoin can be used as mediums of exchange. We investigate how each currency facilitates transactions and how they compete with each other. Quantitative analysis shows that welfare in an economy with both money and Bitcoin is lower than in a money‐only economy due to congestions in the confirmation of Bitcoin transactions and that the welfare gap between the two economies expands as inflation rises. Moreover, an increase in transaction fees for Bitcoin can increase welfare by reducing inefficient Bitcoin transactions.
Continuities of exploitation: seasonal migrant workers in German agriculture during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: BOGOESKI VLADIMIR 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeasonal migrant agricultural workers were declared ‘essential’ in Germany at the very outset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Two harvest seasons later, continuing poor working conditions, infection outbreaks on farms, and a general exclusion from social security schemes show that the recognition of the ‘essential’ character of the job has not translated into any improvements for workers. Based on interviews with trade union‐affiliated counsellors for migrant workers across Germany and analysis of the policies and legal measures introduced during the pandemic, this article demonstrates how pre‐existing institutional structures of exploitation in relation to seasonal agricultural work have been not only sustained but also reinforced.
Recruitment of distinct UDP‐glycosyltransferase families demonstrates dynamic evolution of chemical defense within Eucalyptus L'Hér
Authors: Hansen Cecilie Cetti , Sørensen Mette , Bellucci Matteo , Brandt Wolfgang , Olsen Carl Erik , Goodger Jason Q. D. , Woodrow Ian E. , Lindberg Møller Birger , Neilson Elizabeth H. J. 
Published: October 2022

Summary

The economic and ecologically important genus Eucalyptus is rich in structurally diverse specialized metabolites. While some specialized metabolite classes are highly prevalent across the genus, the cyanogenic glucoside prunasin is only produced by c. 3% of species.

To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms behind prunasin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus, we compared de novo assembled transcriptomes, together with online resources between cyanogenic and acyanogenic species. Identified genes were characterized in vivo and in vitro.

Pathway characterization of cyanogenic Eucalyptus camphora and Eucalyptus yarraensis showed for the first time that the final glucosylation step from mandelonitrile to prunasin is catalyzed by a novel UDP‐glucosyltransferase UGT87. This step is typically catalyzed by a member of the UGT85 family, including in Eucalyptus cladocalyx. The upstream conversion of phenylalanine to mandelonitrile is catalyzed by three cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes from the CYP79, CYP706, and CYP71 families, as previously shown. Analysis of acyanogenic Eucalyptus species revealed the loss of different ortholog prunasin biosynthetic genes.

The recruitment of UGTs from different families for prunasin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus demonstrates important pathway heterogeneities and unprecedented dynamic pathway evolution of chemical defense within a single genus. Overall, this study provides relevant insights into the tremendous adaptability of these long‐lived trees.
High carbon resource diversity enhances the certainty of successful plant pathogen and disease control
Authors: Zhou Xing , Liu Liangliang , Zhao Jun , Zhang Jinbo , Cai Zucong , Huang Xinqi 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe host‐associated microbiome highly determines plant health. Available organic resources, such as food for microbes, are important in shaping microbial community structure and multifunctionality. However, how using organic resources precisely manipulates the soil microbiome and makes it supportive of plant health remains unclear.Here, we experimentally tested the influence of carbon resource diversity on the microbial trophic network and pathogen invasion success in a microcosm study. We further explored how resource diversity affects microbial evenness, community functions, and plant disease outcomes in systems involving tomato plants and thein vivosoil microbiome.Increasing available resource diversity altered trophic network architecture, increased microbial evenness, and thus increased the certainty of successful pathogen control. By contrast, the invasion resistance effects of low resource diversity were less effective and highly varied. Accordingly, increases in the evenness and connection of dominant species induced by high resource diversity significantly contributed to plant disease suppression. Furthermore, high carbohydrate diversity upregulated plant immune system regulation‐related microbial functions.Our results deepen the biodiversity‐invasion resistance theory and provide practical guidance for the control of plant pathogens and diseases by using organic resource‐mediated approaches, such as crop rotation, intercropping, and organic amendments.
A thematic analysis of barriers and facilitators to participant engagement in group exposure and response prevention therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Leeuwerik Tamara , Caradonna Giorgia , Cavanagh Kate , Forrester Elizabeth , Jones Anna‐Marie , Lea Laura , Rosten Claire , Strauss Clara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExposure and response prevention (ERP) is the gold standard in the treatment of the obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). It can be delivered effectively using an individual or group therapy format. Nonetheless, a sizeable proportion of people diagnosed with OCD do not experience OCD symptom remission following ERP. Research suggests that participant engagement with ERP tasks predicts therapy outcomes but there is little consistent evidence across studies on what predicts engagement. A recent meta‐analysis of participant engagement in cognitive‐behavioral therapy for OCD found that group ERP had a comparatively lower dropout rate than individual ERP. Little is known about participant perceptions of ERP to guide an understanding of how the group therapy format may affect participant engagement. This study conducted a qualitative exploration of what helps or hinders participants' engagement in group ERP. It involved thematic analysis of semi‐structured interview data collected at a 6‐month follow‐up from 15 adults with OCD who took part in group ERP. The study identified five main themes that captured participants' perceived facilitators and barriers to engagement in therapy: ‘Group processes’, ‘Understanding how to overcome OCD’, ‘Personal relevance’, ‘Personal circumstances’, and ‘Attitudes towards ERP’, which captured dynamically inter‐related barriers and facilitators at the level of the client, therapist, therapy and social environment. Each theme and associated sub‐themes are discussed in turn, followed by a consideration of the study's limitations and implications.
Depressive symptoms are associated with sarcopenia and malnutrition in older adults
Authors: Ulugerger Avci Gulru , Suzan Veysel , Bektan Kanat Bahar , Unal Damla , Emiroglu Gedik Tugce , Doventas Alper , Suna Erdincler Deniz , Yavuzer Hakan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundDepression is one of the most common mental disorders among older adults and depressive symptoms are strongly associated with adverse health outcomes. We aim to examine whether depressive symptoms are associated with sarcopenia and malnutrition in older adults.MethodsWe reviewed hospital records of 447 patients (≥65 years) who were admitted to the outpatient clinics, retrospectively. In addition to demographic characteristics, all participants were measured for usual gait speed (UGS), handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle mass (SMMI) by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Nutritional status was screened by a mini‐nutritional assessment (MNA). Cognitive function was assessed from the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE).ResultsOf the 215 participants who remained after performing exclusion criteria (a clinical diagnosis of dementia (n 63), stroke (n 61), Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative disease (n 30), previous depression diagnosis or antidepressant medication use (n 144)), the mean age was 78 ± 8.3, the majority were female (n 133) and almost half had depressive symptoms (49.3%). Thirty‐six percent had malnutrition, and 23 % had sarcopenia. The participants with depressive symptoms had lower MMSE scores (P < 0.001) and correlated with muscle mass (P < 0.001, r = −0.382), muscle strength (P < 0.001, r = −0.288), and MNA (P < 0.001, r = 0.355). Multivariate logistic regression showed that depressive symptoms were independently associated with low muscle strength (HGS: odds ratio (OR) 0.913, 95% CI: 0.866–0.962, P = 0.001), low muscle mass (SMMI: OR, 0.644, 95% CI: 0.509–0.814, P < 0.001), sarcopenia (OR, 2.536, 95% CI: 1.256–5.117, P = 0.009) and malnutrition (OR, 2.667, 95% CI: 1.467–4.850, P = 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that depressive symptoms were independently associated with sarcopenia and malnutrition in older adults. Depressive disorders may lead to impaired cognitive dysfunction. Older adults at increased risk of sarcopenia and malnutrition should be screened for depression earlier.
Risk of tuberculosis among renal transplant recipients receiving rituximab therapy
Authors: Chandrashekhar Praveen , Kaul Anupma , Bhaduaria Dharmendra , Prasad Narayan , Behera Manas , Kushwaha Ravi , Patel Manas , Yachha Monika , Srivastava Aneesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRituximab is an anti‐CD 20 agent used widely in renal transplant recipients. Its use is associated with various infections; however, its association with tuberculosis (TB) is not well established and has not been studied in post renal transplantation patients.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of 56 renal transplant recipients who received rituximab as a part of desensitization protocol or as rescue therapy for rejections and 287 post‐renal transplant patients who did not receive rituximab during the study period from January 2013 to June 2017. The association between use of rituximab and occurance of TB was studied. Other factors associated with TB were also investigated.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar in both the groups. Mean time for occurrence of TB was 18.4 ± 10.6 months after renal transplantation. Rituximab use was not significantly associated with TB or any other infection. Higher number of rejection episodes (60% vs. 32.72%, p = .029) was the only factor associated with greater incidence of TB. However, no specific type of rejection was associated with TB. Use of plasmapheresis in post‐transplant period for treatment of humoral rejections was associated with significantly higher incidence of TB (33.33% vs. 13.41%, p = .031); however, when pre‐transplant plasmapheresis was also considered, there was no significant difference. The choice of induction agent was not associated with higher incidence of TB.ConclusionUse of rituximab is not associated with higher incidence of TB when compared to other immunosuppressive agents. Routine screening and prophylaxis may not be advisable, especially in a country like India with high prevalence of TB, as it will further delay transplantation and may adversely affect the outcome of the patients.
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Creep Analysis and Microstructural Evaluation of a Novel Additively Manufactured Nickel-Base Superalloy (ABD®-900AM)
Authors: Bridges Alex , Shingledecker John , Clark John , Crudden David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nickel-base superalloys containing 30 to 50% gamma prime (γ') volume fraction are typically used in hot section components (e.g., guide vanes or blades) for power generating gas turbines, and suitable time-dependent properties are required for long-term elevated temperature operation. Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been used to develop complex hot-section parts utilizing innovative designs with enhanced cooling features which improve efficiencies by reducing cooling air consumption. To further explore the opportunity to improve time-dependent AM superalloys, this paper focuses on a fundamental creep study and characterization of a novel nickel-base superalloy (ABD-900AM) that was manufactured using a laser-based powder bed fusion (LBPBF) AM process. The material was subjected to a subsolvus solution anneal and multistep aging heat treatment (HT) to produce a bi-modal distribution with ∼35% volume fraction of gamma prime without postprocessing hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Microstructural characterization was carried out for the as-built and fully heat-treated structures, and a creep-rupture test program was conducted to study the resultant creep properties. Activation energies and stress exponents in addition to rupture strength and deformation resistance were compared to traditionally cast IN939 and IN738 materials. After testing, specimens were evaluated using a variety of microscopy tools to determine location and features associated with creep damage. The optimized chemistry for ABD-900AM was printed crack free and fully dense in contrast to studies on similar alloys where significant process development and postbuild heat treatments were required. High-temperature mechanical properties in the heat-treated material showed some decrease in creep strength when compared to traditional casting. This strength and rupture life debit was dependent on build orientation, but a considerable increase in creep ductility was observed due to differences in the microstructure when compared with similar AM alloys. Analysis of creep data showed differences in creep mechanisms compared to traditional cast alloys. The relationship between microstructure and creep mechanisms is discussed, and ongoing work to further improve rupture strength through heat-treatment optimization will be highlighted.
Experimentally Measured Effectiveness of Different Shroud Swirl Brake Profiles in a Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Wilkes Jason , Smith Natalie , Venkataraman Balaji , Vagani Marco , Goucher Sara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As centrifugal compressors are pushed to operate at higher pressures and higher power levels, destabilizing gas forces often increase the challenge of designing a stable rotordynamic system. While technical innovations like damper seals, swirl brakes, and damper bearings that help stabilize compressors are numerous, predicting the impact that these improvements will have on a specific system is somewhat of an art form. To this end, researchers are constantly improving the depth of knowledge on these features so that the impact of these improvements is well defined. In the current work, the authors experimentally measured the impact of different swirl brake/vane concepts on the flow characteristics of a centrifugal compressor shroud cavity. The eye seal configuration studied here is a tooth on rotor labyrinth eye seal. The different shroud swirl vane geometries considered consist of various castellated features, each having the intent to reduce swirl velocity in the shroud cavity prior to entering the seal. The purpose of the testing was to determine whether a significant reduction in swirl velocity entering or exiting the seal could be measured with the different antiswirl vane profiles over a conventional shroud cavity that was tested with the same setup. The metrics that determine the effectiveness of the swirl brake were based on upstream and downstream measurements of swirl velocity using pitot-probes at different depths in the shroud cavity, and measurements of seal exit angle and velocity using a traversing cobra-probe. The test data presented herein show definitively that the different swirl brake designs, including a slotted seal, a long vane, and a short vane, have a major impact on swirl velocities relative to the conventional shroud design. The most effective at reducing swirl entering/leaving the seal is the slotted seal, while the concepts employing shroud vanes were more effective at reducing swirl in the shroud cavity.