bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated three‐dimensional echocardiographic quantification for left ventricular volume and function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Yushan , Zhang Li , Liu Jia , Yue Xiaofei , Shi Heshui , Li Yuman , Xie Mingxing , Lv Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate, reproducible, noninvasive determination of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) is important for clinical assessment, selection of therapy, and serial monitoring of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Current clinical Two‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE) may cause inaccurate measurements in patients with HCM because of their asymmetric ventricles and limitations of 2DE technology. Three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) have demonstrated significantly greater accuracy. However, the time‐consuming workflow limits the clinical utility of 3DE.AimWe aim to compare the performance of a novel automated 3DE system (HeartModel, Philips Healthcare) with 2DE in a group of patients with HCM. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was reference standard.MethodsFifty‐three patients with HCM were examined by automated 3DE (3DEA), two‐dimensional biplane Simpson's method (2DBP), manual 3DE method, and CMR, respectively. For patients with poor automated quantification, manual correction was performed. The Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland‐Altman analysis and paired Student t tests were used to assess inter‐technique agreement.Results3DEA measurements with contour editing correlate well with CMR and manual 2DE and 3DE measurements (r = .80–.96). The analysis time of 3DEA was shorter than that of 2DBP (3DEA, 141 ± 15s; 2DBP, 174 ± 17 s). Inter‐observer variability was reduced significantly with use of 3DEA.ConclusionCompared with current clinical 2DBP method, the analysis time of automated 3DE was much shorter with the added benefit of enhanced accuracy and reproducibility. Patients with asymmetric chamber may rely more on the timesaving automated 3DE quantification in the future.
Botryosphaeriaceae diversity on Eucalyptus clones in different climate zones of Indonesia
Authors: Jami Fahimeh , Marincowitz Seonju , Durán Alvaro , Slippers Bernard , Abad Jupiter I. M. , Chen ShuaiFei , Wingfield Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Botryosphaeriaceae is an important and diverse family of latent fungal pathogens of woody plants, including Eucalyptus. These fungi live within infected plant tissues for extended periods without causing symptoms, but emerge to cause severe disease when their hosts are subjected to stress. In this study, we compared the diversity of the Botryosphaeriaceae in samples from nine different Eucalyptus clones growing in North and Central Sumatra, Indonesia, having distinct climates. Samples were taken from asymptomatic trees as well as those damaged by a sucking insect (Helopeltis sp.: Miridae), a stem boring moth (Polyphagozerra coffeae: Cossidae) and a Eucalyptus scab and shoot malformation fungal disease caused by Elsinoe necatrix. In total, 215 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were obtained from which 13 species were identified based on rDNA‐ITS, TEF‐1α, β‐tubulin and rpb2 sequence data. These species included seven Lasiodiplodia species, four Neofusicoccum species as well as Endomelanconiopsis endophytica and Cophinforma atrovirens. A new species of Lasiodiplodia arose from collections and for which the name L. riauensis is provided. Two species, L. theobromae and L. brasiliensis, were found in both climatic zones, whereas other species were specific to the areas from which they were collected. No correlation was found between the Botryosphaeriaceae species diversity and damage to trees caused by insects or E. necatrix disease.
A case series of very slow atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia resembling junctional tachycardia
Authors: Higuchi Koji , Higuchi Satoshi , Baranowski Bryan , Wazni Oussama , Scheinman Melvin M. , Tchou Patrick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe surface electrocardiography of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) shows simultaneous ventricular‐atrial (RP) activation with pseudo R′ in V1 and typical heart rates ranging from 150 to 220/min. Slower rates are suspicious for junctional tachycardia (JT). However, occasionally we encounter typical AVNRT with slow ventricular rates. We describe a series of typical AVNRT cases with heart rates under 110/min.MethodsA total of 1972 patients with AVNRT who underwent slow pathway ablation were analyzed. Typical AVNRT was diagnosed when; (1) evidence of dual atrioventricular nodal conduction, (2) tachycardia initiation by atrial drive train with atrial‐His‐atrial response, (3) short septal ventriculoatrial time, and (4) ventricular‐atrial‐ventricular (V‐A‐V) response to ventricular overdrive (VOD) pacing with corrected post pacing interval‐tachycardia cycle length (cPPI‐TCL) > 110 ms. JT was excluded by either termination or advancement of tachycardia by atrial extrastimuli (AES) or atrial overdrive (AOD) pacing.ResultsWe found 11 patients (age 20−78 years old, six female) who met the above‐mentioned criteria. The TCL ranged from 560 to 782 ms. Except for one patient showing tachycardia termination, all patients demonstrated a V‐A‐V response and cPPI‐TCL over 110 ms with VOD. AES or AOD pacing successfully excluded JT by either advancing the tachycardia in 10 patients or by tachycardia termination in one patient. Slow pathway was successfully ablated, and tachycardia was not inducible in all patients.ConclusionsThis case series describes patients with typical AVNRT with slow ventricular rate (less than 110/min) who may mimic JT. We emphasize the importance of using pacing maneuvers to exclude JT.
A study on related factors of hardcore smokers
Authors: Lee Hanna , Han Jeong‐Won 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study attempted to provide basic data for future smoking cessation policies and anti‐smoking programs by analyzing related factors of hardcore smokers.MethodsThis study is a cross‐sectional, descriptive survey of the 2019 Community Health Survey conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. There were 11,817 smokers, and the propensity matching method was used based on factors related to hardcore smokers in previous studies.ResultsConsequently, a higher probability to be included as hardcore smokers was observed in subjects who had a higher level of stress perception (odds ratio [OR] = 17.59, 95% CI [10.18, 30.38]), perceived their body shape as chubby (OR = 12.84, 95% CI [8.39, 19.66]) or obese (OR = 7.03, 95% CI [4.90, 10.09]), walking participation rate for more than 10 min a day (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.03, 1.15]), and had a high degree of depression (OR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.37, 1.49]).ConclusionIt is necessary to approach smoking‐related policies separately between general and hardcore smokers. Finally, more effective smoking cessation policies must be found by identifying the characteristics of hardcore smokers.
New formulation zinc sulphate acceptability and adherence in children with acute diarrhoea: A prospective, open‐label, interventional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Nuzhat Sharika , Ahmed Tahmeed , Alam Jinat , Billal Shebab Md , Khan Azharul Islam , Hossain Md Iqbal 
Published: March 2022

AimZinc is an adjunct to oral rehydration salts for management of diarrhoea in children. Due to zinc's unpleasant taste, children often develop nausea and/or vomiting. We aimed to assess acceptability (tolerability) and adherence of improvised formulation of zinc tablet among under‐five children with acute diarrhoea.MethodsThis was an open‐label intervention trial among 3–59 months old diarrhoeal children attending the outpatient department of Dhaka Hospital, who were enrolled in two age strata, 3 to <18 months and 18–59 months. Zinc tablets 10 or 20 mg per day were prescribed for a total of 10 days for <6 months and ≥6 months age children respectively, with follow‐up. Diary‐cards were used to record events.ResultsIn stratum 1, 158 (90.8%) children and in stratum 2, 144 (95.4%) children completed the study as per protocol out of 325 enrolled children. Sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric measurements were comparable in the two strata except admission diarrhoeal duration (median 3 days vs. 2 days, P = 0.001). Adherence to 10 days treatment was 123 (77.8%) in stratum 1 and 127 (88.2%) in stratum 2. Zinc tablets were tolerated very well/well in 280 (92.7%) children. Vomiting, regurgitation and nausea were observed in 99 (32.8%), 59 (19.5%) and 22 (7.4%) children respectively. Caregivers' willingness to use the same drug in future was 300 (99.3%) among all children.ConclusionOur study findings demonstrate that modified taste and formulation zinc tablets were well tolerated, and caregivers' willingness to use this formulation in future supports its acceptability, adherence and palatability.
Predictive factors for secondary alveolar bone graft failure in patients with cleft alveolus
Authors: Najar Chalien Midia , Mark Hans , Rizell Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis single‐centre retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) and identify the factors associated with failure.MethodsIndividuals born with alveolar cleft with or without cleft palate who had SABG consecutively between 2004–2006 and 2011–2013 were enrolled in this study. After the exclusion of 20 cases due to poor quality radiographs, 115 patients (50 girls and 65 boys) who had undergone 131 SABG procedures were included. According to a modification of the Bergland Scale (mBS), the alveolar bone level was assessed using occlusal films obtained 3 months after SABG. Data on factors plausible for SABG failure were collected from patient records, photographs, cast models, and presurgical occlusal radiographs. The Mantel Haenszel Chi‐Square test was used to test the possible impact of these factors on the mBS scores.ResultsA total failure (mBS score of 4) was observed in 9% of the cases. The alveolar bone level correlated with cleft laterality (P = 0.039), alveolar cleft extension (P = 0.033), age at SABG (P = 0.007), root developmental stage (P = 0.021), and oral hygiene (P = 0.007).ConclusionSecondary alveolar bone grafting failure was correlated with a bilateral alveolar cleft, absence of an initial partial alveolar bridge, higher age, increased root developmental stage, and poor oral hygiene. Efforts to achieve optimal oral hygiene are recommended to improve outcomes, particularly when SABG is performed in individuals with a bilateral cleft, increased alveolar cleft extension, or at higher ages.
Evaluation of the stability of treatment with Herbst appliance associated with Hyrax expander and fixed orthodontics through counterpart analysis: A longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: de Arruda Aidar Luís Antônio , Marchi Luiz Carlos , Fuerte Silvia , Yamashita Hélio K. , Dominguez Gladys Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of treatment with a Herbst appliance associated with Hyrax expander (Stage I), followed by fixed appliances (Stage II) and follow‐up for an average of 4 years after Stage II, on dentoskeletal facial structures.MethodsThis study involved 50 adolescents with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion associated with mandibular retrognathism: Treated Group (TG‐25) and Control Group (CG‐25). Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken: T1, immediately before Stage I (TG) or at the beginning of the follow‐up period (CG); T2, at the end of Stage I (TG) or the follow‐up period (CG); T3, at the end of Stage II (TG); and T4, on average, 4 years after Stage II (TG). Enlow's counterpart analysis and some cephalometric measurements were evaluated. Parametric and non‐parametric tests were used (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsThe ramus alignment variables (P < 0.001), SNB (0.040), ANB (<0.001), 1.PP (P = 0.015), 1.MP (P < 0.001), ms/RLp (P < 0.001), mi/RLp (P < 0.001) and S‐LS (P = 0.005) showed differences between TG and CG from T1 to T2. Longitudinally, there were differences in ramus alignment, P = 0.003, T1 > T2 < T3 = T4; SNB, P = 0.016, T1 < T2 = T3 = T4; ANB, P < 0.001, T1 > T2 = T3 = T4; 1.MP, P < 0.001, T1 < T2 = T3 = T4; ms/RLp, P = 0.002, T1 = T2 < T3 = T4; mi/RLp, P < 0.001, T1 < T2 = T3 = T4; S‐LS, P < 0.001, T1 > T2 = T3 = T4 and S‐LI, P = 0.003, T1 = T2 = T3 > T4.ConclusionThe nasomaxillary complex (MCF/PM alignment) tended to a retrusive effect to compensate the degree of mandibular retrusion. The protrusive effect of the lower facial third was evident after the Herbst stage and did not remain stable in the follow‐up. The dentoalveolar compensation and improvement in facial profile remained stable.
Flavonoid Nobiletin Exhibits Differential Effects on Cell Viability in Keratinocytes Exposed to UVA versus UVB Radiation
Authors: Cvammen William , Kemp Michael G. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe polymethoxylated flavonoid nobiletin has been shown to suppress inflammatory responses to UVB radiation and to enhance circadian rhythms. Because expression of the core nucleotide excision repair (NER) factor XPA and the rate of removal of UV photoproducts from DNA are regulated by the circadian clock, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of nobiletin in UVB‐exposed cells could be due in part to enhanced NER. Although nobiletin limited UVB‐irradiated human keratinocytes from undergoing cell death, we found that this enhanced survival was not associated with increased NER or XPA expression. Instead, nobiletin reduced initial UV photoproduct formation and promoted a G1 cell cycle arrest. We then examined the implications of this findings for exposures to solar radiation through use of a solar simulated light (SSL) source that contains primarily UVA radiation. In striking contrast to the results obtained with UVB radiation, nobiletin instead sensitized keratinocytes to both the SSL and a more defined UVA radiation source. This enhanced cell death was correlated with a photochemical change in nobiletin absorption spectrum and the production of reactive oxygen species. We conclude that nobiletin is unlikely to be a useful compound for protecting keratinocytes against the harmful effects of solar UV radiation.
Management strategies and distribution of Aphanomyces root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a continuing threat to forage production in the United States
Authors: Giles Jennifer M. , Tordsen Conner L. , Rebstock Travis R. , Bucciarelli Bruna , Samac Deborah A. , Sathoff Andrew E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of several legumes that is affected by Aphanomyces root rot (ARR) caused by Aphanomyces euteiches. Symptoms of ARR on alfalfa seedlings include a yellow‐grey discolouration of roots, rotting and loss of lateral roots, stunted growth, chlorotic foliage and reduction of nitrogen‐producing nodules on roots. Infection can also occur on adult plants leading to loss of lateral roots and nodules. At the seedling stage, ARR decreases alfalfa stand establishment, and field longevity is reduced when adult plants are infected. A. euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that has motile zoospores and thick‐walled oospores that can survive for many years in soil. Two races are currently recognized by pathogenicity on differential alfalfa check cultivars. Most alfalfa cultivars contain race 1 resistance, but there is an increasing development of cultivars with resistance to race 2. Management strategies include planting resistant cultivars, avoiding planting in fields with poor drainage and rotating crops with nonhost plants.
Social amplification of risks and the clean energy transformation: Elaborating on the four attributes of information
Authors: Ram Bonnie , Webler Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe social amplification of risk framework (SARF) was developed to help comprehend how emerging contributions about the psychological, social, and cultural dimensions of risk could work in unison to impact decision making about risk. The framework proposed that risks are amplified or attenuated by interested parties employing different rhetorical strategies to give information about risk a certain “spin.” The original literature identified four “attributes of information.” However, despite the longevity of the framework, these have not been explicated in detail. Here we add depth and clarity by examining how amplification stations send risk signals that amplify or attenuate risk by emphasizing these different attributes of information. Drawing on a wealth of qualitative data from two case studies of offshore wind turbine siting off the coasts of Maryland and Delaware and guided by an extensive literature review, we reveal the strategies interested parties are using to influence siting decisions and risk management. The paper explores the usefulness of SARF in organizing qualitative information and sharpening insights on participatory risk governance and the nuances of public responses to a relatively new low‐carbon technology. The authors conclude that the framework is valuable for analyzing stakeholder information while also recognizing limitations that may be addressed with some targeted future research.
The geography of intergenerational mobility: Evidence of educational persistence and the “Great Gatsby Curve” in Brazil
Authors: Leone Tharcisio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the variation in intergenerational educational mobility across the Brazilian states based on univariate econometric techniques. The analysis of the national household survey (PNAD‐2014) confirms a strong variation in mobility among the 27 federative units in Brazil and demonstrates a significant correlation between mobility and income inequality. In this sense, this work presents empirical evidence for the existence of the “Great Gatsby curve” within a single country: states with greater income disparities present higher levels of persistence in educational levels across generations. Finally, the paper investigates one specific mechanism behind this correlation: whether higher income inequality might lead to lower investment in human capital among children from socially vulnerable households. The paper delivers robust and compelling results showing that children born into families where the parents have not completed primary education have a statistically significant reduction in their chance of completing the educational system if they live in states with a higher level of income inequality.
Undergraduate nursing students’ experiences of practicing caring behaviours with standardised patients
Authors: Mårtensson Sophie , Knutsson Susanne , Hodges Eric A. , Sherwood Gwen , Broström Anders , Björk Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRationaleUndergraduate nursing students’ learning opportunities to practice caring behaviours to assure compassionate and competent nursing practice with standardised patients are few. Earlier studies primarily focused on practicing communication skills in relation to mental health or developing psychomotor skills while caring for a patient with a specific diagnosis.AimThe study aim was to describe undergraduate nursing students’ experiences of practicing caring behaviours with a standardised patient.MethodA sample of forty‐eight undergraduate nursing students in semester four at a school of nursing in southern Sweden, enrolled in a full‐time, 5‐week, on‐campus elective caring behaviour course, were at the first and last week individually video‐recorded during two caring behaviour simulations encountering a standardised patient. After observing each of their video‐recordings, students completed written reflections focusing on their own compassionate and competent verbal and nonverbal caring behaviour. In total, 96 individual written reflections were analysed using qualitative content analysis to describe the experience.ResultsOne main theme emerged: The challenge of being mindfully present in patient encounters. Four themes further described the experience: A challenging but realistic learning experience, learning the impact of nonverbal behaviour, recognising the complexity of verbal behaviour, and learning to be with the patient instead of only doing for the patient.ConclusionWhen caring is intertwined with visible and realistic nursing practice in simulations using standardised patients it facilitates undergraduate nursing students learning compassionate and competent caring behaviour. The learning experience opened the students’ eyes to the impact of practicing caring, recognising that being with is not the same as doing for the patient, and thus, how challenging it is to be mindfully present in patient encounters. Designing caring behaviour simulations with standardised patients is a feasible and efficacious educational learning didactic to facilitate students’ learning caring behaviour and enhancing patients’ experiences.
Ethnic Diversity, Anti‐Immigrant Sentiments, and Radical Right Voting in the Flemish Region of Belgium
Authors: Stiers Dieter , Hooghe Marc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA standard assumption in realistic threat theories is that the presence of ethnic minorities is associated with a rise of anti‐immigrant sentiments. However, we do not know whether this presence has a specific local effect, or whether one can detect a more general nationwide perception of threat. Using data from a recent Belgian population survey, we assess the association between ethnic diversity within the local community and anti‐immigrant sentiments. Results suggest a strong negative association between the level of ethnic diversity and anti‐immigrant sentiments. Furthermore, while we do not find evidence for an association between ethnic diversity and radical right voting on the individual level, there is a strong negative correlation on the aggregate level. We conclude with some speculation about how anti‐immigrant sentiments are created in areas with a very low levels of ethnic diversity, and what this implies for the electoral potential of radical‐right parties.
ENERGIES AND PERSONHOOD: A CHRISTOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN IDENTITY
Authors: Thieke James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe assertion that Christ is truly and fully human supports using Christology as a starting point to frame discussions surrounding humanity. This article focuses on the Christological distinction between personhood and nature that is made in the Chalcedonian Definition and argues that it could reframe current discussions in the science–theology discourse on humanity identity. As discussions of human identity often center around issues such as personhood, consciousness, and the soul, taking this Christological perspective into account means that scholars must consider whether scientific contributions are engaging with characteristics of human nature or personhood, and recognize the theological distinction. To address some of the troubling implications of this reframing, this article proposes a vision of humanity as natural energies expressing an unrepeatable personhood, based largely on the work of the Eastern Orthodox theologian Christos Yannaras. This proposal takes traditional Christology seriously in its relevance to discussions on human identity, while possibly enabling even more productive engagement with scientific knowledge.