bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis and cardiometabolic disorders: The role of lipopolysaccharide and endotoxemia
Authors: Pussinen Pirkko J. , Kopra Elisa , Pietiäinen Milla , Lehto Markku , Zaric Svetislav , Paju Susanna , Salminen Aino 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor of gram‐negative bacteria with a crucial importance to the bacterial surface integrity. From the host's perspective, lipopolysaccharide plays a role in both local and systemic inflammation, activates both innate and adaptive immunity, and can trigger inflammation either directly (as a microbe‐associated molecular pattern) or indirectly (by inducing the generation of nonmicrobial, danger‐associated molecular patterns). Translocation of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation causes endotoxemia, which is typically measured as the biological activity of lipopolysaccharide to induce coagulation of an aqueous extract of blood cells of the assay. Apparently healthy subjects have a low circulating lipopolysaccharide activity, since it is neutralized and cleared rapidly. However, chronic endotoxemia is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammation‐driven conditions, especially cardiometabolic disorders. These include atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, liver diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, where endotoxemia has been recognized as a risk factor. The main source of endotoxemia is thought to be the gut microbiota. However, the oral dysbiosis in periodontitis, which is typically enriched with gram‐negative bacterial species, may also contribute to endotoxemia. As endotoxemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders, lipopolysaccharide could be considered as a molecular link between periodontal microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases.
Periodontitis and coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Tamimi Faleh , Altigani Shiraz , Sanz Mariano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is usually a mild condition; however, in some cases it can result in severe sickness and even death. Thus, understanding the reasons behind these grave outcomes is of great importance. Coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontitis share some intriguing characteristics. They can both lead to systemic inflammation and alterations of coagulation pathways, and both share confounding factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Accordingly, a possible association between these conditions has been hypothesized in the literature. The objective of this review was to evaluate the scientific evidence linking these diseases and the possible underlying mechanisms. Evidence has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 presents oral manifestations and can even affect periodontal tissues. Moreover, some studies have shown a possible association between coronavirus disease 2019 severity and the presence of periodontitis. Current evidence suggests that this association could be explained through the direct role of periodontal bacteria in aggravating lung infections, as well as through the indirect effect of periodontitis in inducing systemic inflammation and priming of the immune system to an exacerbated reaction to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Future research is needed to confirm these observations and explore the possible role that periodontal care might play in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Attachment voices promote safety learning in humans: A critical role for P2
Authors: Dou Haoran , Dai Yuqian , Qiu Yiwen , Lei Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHumans have evolved to seek the proximity of attachment figures during times of threat in order to obtain a sense of safety. In this context, we examined whether or not the voice of an intimate partner (termed “attachment voice”) could reduce fear‐learning of conditioned stimuli (CS+) and enhance learning of safety signals (CS−). Although the ability to learn safety signals is vital for human survival, few studies have explored how attachment voices affect safety learning. To test our hypothesis, we recruited thirty‐five young couples and performed a classic Pavlovian conditioning experiment, recording behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data. The results showed that compared with a stranger’s voice, the voices of the partners reduced expectancy of the unconditioned stimulus (a shock) during fear‐conditioning, as well as the magnitude of P2 event‐related potentials within the EEG responses, provided the voices were safety signals. Additionally, behavioral and EEG responses to the CS+ and CS− differed more when the participants heard their partner’s voice than when they heard the stranger’s voice. Thus, attachment voices, even as pure vowel sounds without any semantic information, enhanced acquisition of conditioned safety (CS−). These findings may provide implications for investigating other new techniques to improve clinical treatments for fear‐ and anxiety‐related disorders and for psychological interventions against the mental health effects of the public health emergency.
Do reduced numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells contribute to the aggressive clinical course of COVID‐19 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?
Authors: Smith Carl Inge Edvard , Zain Rula , Österborg Anders , Palma Marzia , Buggert Marcus , Bergman Peter , Bryceson Yenan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfections with SARS‐CoV‐2 have been unduly severe in patients with haematological malignancies, in particular in those with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Based on a series of observations, we propose that an underlying mechanism for the aggressive clinical course of COVID‐19 in CLL is a paucity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in these patients. Indeed, pDCs express Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7), which together with interferon‐regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), enables pDCs to produce large amounts of type I interferons, essential for combating COVID‐19. Treatment of CLL with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors increased the number of pDCs, likely secondarily to the reduction in the tumour burden.
A structuralist interpretation of the relational interpretation
Authors: Buonocore Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present paper aims to provide an insight into the epistemological and metaphysical implications of a structuralist interpretation of Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM). I will suggest that the ‘entity‐relation identity’ at the core of a particular formulation of Ontic Structural Realism represents the best framework against which to understand RQM, and, in turn, that this interpretation provides some support for the adoption of a structuralist viewpoint in Quantum Mechanics thus understood. The choice is motivated by the same revisionary metaphysics they both seem to offer, with respect to the notion of entity and of relation.
Hemodilution in high‐risk cardiac surgery: Laboratory values, physiological parameters, and outcomes
Authors: Mladinov Domagoj , Padilla Luz A. , Leahy Benjamin , Norman Joseph B. , Enslin Jacob , Camp Riley S. , Eudailey Kyle W. , Tanaka Kenichi , Davies James E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is a blood conservation strategy in cardiac surgery, predominantly used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valve procedures. Although higher complexity cardiac procedures may benefit from ANH, concerns for hemodynamic instability, and organ injury during hemodilution hinder its wider acceptance. Laboratory and physiological parameters during hemodilution in complex cardiac surgeries have not been described.Study design and methodsThis observational cohort (2019–2021) study included 169 patients who underwent thoracic aortic repair, multiple valve procedure, concomitant CABG with the aforementioned procedure, and/or redo sternotomies. Patients who received allogeneic blood were excluded. Statistical comparisons were performed between ANH (N = 66) and non‐ANH controls (N = 103). ANH consisted of removal of blood at the beginning of surgery and its return after cardiopulmonary bypass.ResultsIntraoperatively, the ANH group received more albumin (p = .04) and vasopressor medications (p = .01), while urine output was no different between ANH and controls. Bilateral cerebral oximetry (rSO2) values were similar before and after hemodilution. During bypass, rSO2 were discretely lower in the ANH versus control group (right rSO2 p = .03, left rSO2 p = .05). No differences in lactic acid values were detected across the procedural continuum. Postoperatively, no differences in extubation times, intensive care unit length of stay, kidney injury, stroke, or infection were demonstrated.DiscussionThis study suggests hemodilution to be a safe and comparable blood conservation technique, even without accounting for potential benefits of reduced allogenic blood administration. The study may contribute to better understanding and wider acceptance of ANH protocols in high‐risk cardiac surgeries.
Proyecto IniciaTIC 2020: aprender en casa a enseñar desde casa
Authors: Del Río-Fernández José Luis , Saldaña-Gómez Diana Priscila 
Published: March 2022

Durante el confinamiento provocado por la pandemia del Covid-19, la implementación de docencia online mediante el uso de la tecnología educacional posibilita que las estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Inicial de la Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE) puedan realizar su correspondiente periodo de práctica pedagógica. Sobre esta realidad, se desarrolla un estudio de caso único de tipo indagatorio/exploratorio cuyo objetivo es identificar las fortalezas y debilidades encontradas a lo largo del proceso formativo. Los resultados demuestran que el análisis colectivo de las sesiones virtuales permite que las futuras docentes de preescolar vayan construyendo su propia identidad profesional en este singular contexto educativo.
Wall Energy Loss and Entropy Generation in Solar Ponds Using One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Transient Analyses
Authors: Verma Sunirmit , Das Ranjan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, wall thermal energy loss in a cylindrical solar pond is studied using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) transient models. It is seen that for a given quantity of insulation applied around the pond wall, the negative effect of sidewall loss reduces as the pond size increases. Further, the optimal insulation thickness that eradicates all wall energy loss is larger when calculated from a spatially 1D model, as opposed to when radial temperature gradients are given consideration. The 2D model reveals a larger entropy generation than that calculated by a 1D model for an imperfectly insulated pond. So, for such ponds, the present model would calculate entropy generation in a more realistic manner. It is revealed that using simpler 1D in space models to estimate solar pond’s outer wall optimum insulation thickness will not lead to any problems as far as the thermal performance is the concern. But, since such models over predict the optimum value, they would invoke more cost. So, when financial and space constraints are present, then it is advisable to design the wall insulation in solar ponds using spatially multi-dimensional heat transfer models, for which the present work could prove to be useful.
Changes to local area public sector spending and food purchasing in England: a longitudinal ecological study
Authors: Jenkins Rosemary H , Vamos Eszter P , Taylor-Robinson David , Mason Kate E , Laverty Anthony A 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesChanges in public sector service spending may influence food consumption. We make use of changing local authority (LA) expenditure in England to assess impacts on food purchasing. We examine total LA service spending and explore two potential pathways: highways and transport spending which may affect access to food; and housing service expenditure which may affect household resources available to purchase foods.DesignLongitudinal panel survey at the LA level (2008–2015) using fixed effects linear regression.Setting324 LAs in England.Main exposureExpenditure per capita on total LA services, highways and transport services, and housing services.Main outcome measuresLA area estimates of purchasing of fresh fruits and vegetables, high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) foods, and takeaways at home, expressed as a percentage of total food and drink expenditure.ResultsTotal LA service spending decreased by 17% on average between 2008 and 2015. A 10% decrease in total LA spending was associated with a 0.071 percentage point decrease in HFSS (95% CI −0.093 to –0.050) and a 0.015 percentage point increase in takeaways (95% CI 0.006 to 0.024). A 10% decrease in highways and transport expenditure was associated with a 0.006 percentage point decrease in fruit and vegetable purchasing (95% CI −0.009 to –0.002) and a 0.006 percentage point increase in takeaway purchasing (95% CI 0.001 to 0.010). These associations were seen in urban areas only when analyses were stratified by rural/urban area status. A 0.006 percentage point decrease in HFSS purchasing was also seen with a 10% decrease in housing expenditure (95% CI −0.010 to –0.002).ConclusionChanges in LA spending may have impacts on food purchasing which are evident at the area level. This suggests that in addition to more prominent impacts such as foodbank use, austerity measures may have mixed impacts on food purchasing behaviours among the wider population. Individual-level research is needed to further elucidate these relationships.
Body weight, diabetes incidence vascular events and survival 15 years after very low calorie diet in community medical clinics in the UK
Authors: Paisey Richard , Daniels Charles , Howitt Will , Greatorex Derek , Campbell Claire , Paisey Christopher , Paisey Rosamund , Frost Julie , Bromige Robert 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo assess weight loss maintenance, diabetes status, mortality and morbidity 15 years after a very low calorie diet programme (VLCD) in patients with obesity.DesignGeneral practice data bases were interrogated for subjects coded for group therapy with VLCD in the 1990s. Causes of death, occurrence of vascular disease and remission or development of diabetes were ascertained from patient records and national stroke and cardiovascular disease data bases.Results325 subjects engaged in the programme and had sufficient data for analysis. Baseline characteristics were: age 47.8±12. 8 years; body mass index (BMI) 36.1±6.8 kg/m2; 79.1% female/20.9% male; 13.5% had type 2 diabetes. After 15±4 years weight had changed from 97.9±19 kg at baseline to 100±20.8 kg. 10 with diabetes at baseline were in remission at 3 months, but only two remained in remission at 5 years. 50 new cases of type 2 diabetes and 11 of impaired fasting glucose developed during follow-up. Only 5.9% who remained healthy at follow-up had maintained >10% body weight reduction. Neither diabetes incidence nor diabetes free survival were related to percentage body weight lost during VLCD. Only baseline BMI was related to development of new impaired fasting glucose or diabetes by 15 years (p=0.007). 37 subjects had a cardiovascular event. Age (p=0.000002) and degree of weight loss after VLCD (p=0.03) were significantly associated with subsequent vascular events.ConclusionLong-term maintenance of weight loss after VLCD was rare in this single centre retrospective study 15 years later. Glucose intolerance developed in 21.4%. Lasting remission of type 2 diabetes or prevention of later glucose intolerance were not achieved. Vascular events were more frequent in those who lost most weight. Risk management during weight regain should be studied in future to assess potential for reduction in adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Patient journey during and after a pre-eclampsia-complicated pregnancy: a cross-sectional patient registry study
Authors: Bijl Rianne C , Bangert Sophie E , Shree Raj , Brewer Alina N , Abrenica-Keffer Norlisa , Tsigas Eleni Z , Koster Maria P H , Seely Ellen W 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo gain insight into the patient journey through a pre-eclampsia-complicated pregnancy.DesignCross-sectional patient registry study.SettingOnline patient registry initiated by the Preeclampsia Foundation.ParticipantsWomen with a history of pre-eclampsia enrolled in The Preeclampsia Registry (TPR).Primary and secondary outcome measuresRetrospective patient-reported experience measures concerning awareness of pre-eclampsia, timing and type of information on pre-eclampsia received, involvement in decision making regarding medical care, mental/emotional impact of the pre-eclampsia-complicated pregnancy and impact on future pregnancy planning.ResultsOf 3618 TPR-participants invited to complete the Patient Journey questionnaire, data from 833 (23%) responders were available for analysis. Most responders were white (n=795, 95.4%) and lived in the USA (n=728, 87.4%). Before their pre-eclampsia diagnosis, 599 (73.9%) responders were aware of the term ‘pre-eclampsia’, but only 348 (43.7%) were aware of its associated symptoms. Women with a lower level of education were less likely to have heard of pre-eclampsia (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.62). Around the time of diagnosis, 29.2% of responders did not feel involved in the decision making, which was associated with reporting a serious mental/emotional impact of the pre-eclampsia experience (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.58 to 3.84). Over time, there was an increase in the proportion of women who were aware of the symptoms of pre-eclampsia (32.2% before 2011 to 52.5% after 2016; p<0.001) and in the proportion of responders stating they received counselling about the later-life health risks associated with pre-eclampsia (14.2% before 2011 to 25.6% after 2016; p=0.005).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that improved patient education regarding pre-eclampsia is needed, that shared decision making is of great importance to patients to enhance their healthcare experience, and that healthcare providers should make efforts to routinely incorporate counselling about the later-life health risks associated with pre-eclampsia.Trial registration numberNCT02020174.
System analysis based on the cancer–immunity cycle identifies ZNF207 as a novel immunotherapy target for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhou Tao , Chen Xingyi , Wang Yu , Ding Yushi , Tu Haoyang , Gao Shengyang , Wang Haoyu , Tang Xinying , Yang Yong 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) fail to achieve satisfying results, while combination therapies show greater efficacy. Therefore, identifying new combined targets for immune checkpoint inhibitors could be promising.MethodsWe combined the cancer–immunity cycle score with weighted gene coexpression network and system analyses to screen immunosuppressive targets in HCC. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to assess the effect of zinc finger protein 207 (ZNF207) on HCC immunity. RNA sequencing, metabolomic, cytokine array analysis, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and ChIP quantitative PCR assay were used to investigate the role of ZNF207 in tumor immunity regulation.ResultsThe system analysis and experimental verification revealed ZNF207 as an immunosuppressive target in HCC. Hypoxia-induced upregulation of ZNF207 promoted HCC progression in immunocompetent mice while being associated with decreased CD8+T-cell infiltration and increased exhaustion. Mechanistically, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)–chemokine C-X3-C-motif ligand axis was involved in ZNF207-mediated CD8+T-cell chemotaxis. Furthermore, ZNF207 transcriptionally regulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and elevated kynurenine levels, leading to the exhaustion of CD8+T cells. Patients with lowerZNF207expression were more sensitive to antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy, and silencingZNF207could be beneficial to anti-PD1 combination therapy.ConclusionOur study implicates ZNF207 in suppressing the HCC microenvironment and showed the feasibility of targeting ZNF207 during anti-PD1 therapy in HCC.
Multimodal prognostic features of seizure freedom in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Alim-Marvasti Ali , Vakharia Vejay Niranjan , Duncan John Sidney 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAccurate preoperative predictions of seizure freedom following surgery for focal drug resistant epilepsy remain elusive. Our objective was to systematically evaluate all meta-analyses of epilepsy surgery with seizure freedom as the primary outcome, to identify clinical features that are consistently prognostic and should be included in the future models.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Cochrane using free-text and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. This study was registered on PROSPERO. We classified features as prognostic, non-prognostic and uncertain and into seven subcategories: ‘clinical’, ‘imaging’, ‘neurophysiology’, ‘multimodal concordance’, ‘genetic’, ‘surgical technique’ and ‘pathology’. We propose a structural causal model based on these features.ResultsWe found 46 features from 38 meta-analyses over 22 years. The following were consistently prognostic across meta-analyses: febrile convulsions, hippocampal sclerosis, focal abnormal MRI, Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) coregistered to MRI, focal ictal/interictal EEG, EEG-MRI concordance, temporal lobe resections, complete excision, histopathological lesions, tumours and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb. Severe learning disability was predictive of poor prognosis. Others, including sex and side of resection, were non-prognostic. There were limited meta-analyses investigating genetic contributions, structural connectivity or multimodal concordance and few adjusted for known confounders or performed corrections for multiple comparisons.SignificanceSeizure-free outcomes have not improved over decades of epilepsy surgery and despite a multitude of models, none prognosticate accurately. Our list of multimodal population-invariant prognostic features and proposed structural causal model may serve as an objective foundation for statistical adjustments of plausible confounders for use in high-dimensional models.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021185232.