bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Aromatic Interaction Networks in a Protein Cage Modulated by Fluorescent Ligand Binding
Authors: Hishikawa Yuki , Suzuki Taiga , Maity Basudev , Noya Hiroki , Yoshizawa Michito , Asanuma Asuka , Katagiri Yuri , Abe Satoshi , Nagatoishi Satoru , Tsumoto Kouhei , Ueno Takafumi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDynamic behavior of proteins, such as orientation changes of aromatic residues, plays an important role in controlling biomolecular functions. Protein design that can precisely control such dynamic behavior at the atomic level is a challenging issue. The study reports the development of a system capable of orientational changes of aromatic side chains upon ligand binding. Aromatic pockets are constructed on the inner surfaces of protein cages to bind polycyclic aromatic fluorescent molecules to the targeted position by π–π stacking interactions. X‐ray crystal structural analysis indicated the cooperative orientation changes of the aromatic clusters around the pocket triggered by the ligand binding. A comparison of various ligands shows that the movement of aromatic clusters can be controlled depending on the ligand structures. Fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime are enhanced due to isolation of the fluorescent molecules in an aromatic pocket. These findings provide an understanding of the unique molecular behavior and fluorescence properties of ligands due to the assembly of aromatic residues and a guideline for developing dynamically controlled supramolecular biomaterials.
Dual‐Targeted Protein MRI Contrast Agent for Early Detection of Micrometastases
Authors: Hu Ruofan , Wang Zhiyang , Shen Tinghui , Yang Qianwen , Chen Weizhi , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTumor metastasis accounts for the major portion of cancer‐related deaths. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable imaging modality for tumor diagnosis in clinical applications, offering detailed soft tissue images with excellent spatial resolution and good biosafety. However, the low sensitivity and the lack of specificity to disease sites limit the application of MRI contrast agents in early and precise detection of small primary and metastatic cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative MRI contrast agents with enhanced relaxivity, target ability, and pharmacokinetics to improve imaging sensitivity and widen the detection window in the meantime. Here, we reported a dual‐targeting protein MRI contrast agent (EPR‐DTPA‐Gd) fused by a nanobody against epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR), integrin αvβ3‐binding cyclic nonapeptide, and elastin‐like polypeptide. We found that this protein contrast agent exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for the tumor overexpressed EGFR and integrin αvβ3 in MRI. Furthermore, EPR‐DTPA‐Gd had high longitudinal relaxation rate (r1) (68.76 mM−1 s−1 per molecule) and an improved pharmacokinetics behavior for tumor imaging. Using T1‐weighted imaging, EPR‐DTPA‐Gd successfully detected a series of early metastases with the smallest 0.012 mm2 (213 µm × 58 µm) in a liver metastasis model of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, which cannot be detected by the clinically approved T1‐weighted contrast agent. The heightened detection sensitivity intrinsic to EPR‐DTPA‐Gd facilitates precise imaging of tumor lesions, supporting sophisticated image‐guided interventions and early management in high‐risk patient cohorts.
Jesaconitine monitoring in a case of severe aconitum poisoning with torsade de pointes treated via extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Tomita Yoshitaka , Suzuki Keisuke , Kaizaki‐Mitsumoto Asuka , Hattori‐Usami Natsumi , Numazawa Satoshi , Kikuchi Kazuki , Inoue Gen , Miyamoto Kazuyuki , Yagi Masaharu , Dohi Kenji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAconitum poisoning can cause severe arrhythmias. We report, for the first time, the detailed blood and urine concentrations of four aconitine alkaloids in a male patient in his 20s who ingested aconite roots with suicidal intent.Case PresentationThe patient developed refractory torsade de pointes (TdP) and required veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. His TdP resolved 7 h after arrival, with sinus rhythm returning within 12 h. The patient was discharged 6 days later. Subsequent measurements of the four alkaloids over time showed that jesaconitine had the highest serum concentration, with the patient's sinus rhythm returning when the jesaconitine concentration was less than 1 ng/mL.ConclusionThis report provides valuable insights into the disposition of aconitine alkaloids during severe intoxication. The changes in jesaconitine concentrations over time correlate with clinical symptoms, suggesting that these levels could guide treatment decisions in patients with severe Aconitum poisoning.
Hybrid closed loop technology in emergency surgery in a person with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Afridi H. , Olsen P. , Levy N. , Dhatariya K. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryManagement of type 1 diabetes is constantly evolving. Hybrid closed loop technology is replacing multiple dose insulin and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions as the preferred manner for managing type 1 diabetes in the community. Currently, there are no case reports or clinical guidelines to instruct practitioners on the safe peri‐operative use of hybrid closed loop technology for patients requiring emergency surgery. In our case report we present the case of a 15‐year‐old male patient who required emergency surgery and wanted to continue the benefits of his hybrid closed loop technology in managing his diabetes peri‐operatively. In addition, we discuss the strategies we used to overcome the issue of the continuous glucose monitor misreading paracetamol as glucose. Finally, we present the rationale for the guidance of safe peri‐operative use of hybrid closed loop technology. This may allow other patients to benefit from continuation of hybrid closed loop technology during emergency surgery.
Pretreatment of Ru/TiO2 Catalysts Influences Activity and Selectivity in CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Baade Göran , Güttel Robert 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe need for a pretreatment strategy for CO and CO2 hydrogenation is already known for Fe‐ and Co‐based Fischer‐Tropsch catalysts but is unexplored for Ru‐based catalysts. The aim of this work was to establish a starting point from which to systematically develop pretreatment strategies to maximize the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. The results show that all pretreatment strategies tested here are equal or better than no pretreatment for the conversion of CO2. The pretreatment with CO/H2 synthesis gas can double the activity, but the advantage is diminished over 80 h of experiment. In contrast, the use of dilute O2 significantly increases the selectivity towards methane while pure CO2 significantly increases the selectivity to higher hydrocarbons.
Advanced Characterization Techniques for Probing Redox Reaction Mechanisms in High‐Performance Li–S Batteries
Authors: Chen Shilin , Ma Chengwei , Li Zhongming , Zhou Jiangqi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of high‐performance energy storage systems requires several key attributes, including high energy and power density, cost‐effectiveness, safety, and environmental sustainability. Among the various potential technologies, lithium–sulfur batteries stand out as a promising contender for future energy storage solutions due to their exceptional theoretical specific energy density (2600 Wh kg⁻¹) and relatively high specific capacity (1675 mAh g⁻¹). However, the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries faces significant challenges, such as low sulfur loading, rapid capacity degradation, and poor cycling stability. At the heart of these issues lies a limited understanding of the complex conversion chemistry involved in lithium–sulfur batteries. In recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating these reaction mechanisms, thanks to the use of both ex situ and in situ characterization techniques. Methods such as optical spectroscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, synchrotron X‐ray, and neural network analysis have demonstrated great potential in uncovering the redox processes of lithium polysulfides and their underlying mechanisms, significantly advancing research in lithium–sulfur battery systems. This review focuses on the major advancements in lithium–sulfur batteries research, particularly in the study of electrocatalytic mechanisms using emerging characterization techniques. We discuss key aspects of accurately revealing the mechanisms of lithium–sulfur batteries through these advanced diagnostic methods, as well as the main challenges these techniques face. Finally, we explore the future prospects of lithium–sulfur battery commercialization.
β‐Catenin localization in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi suggests an ancestral role in cell adhesion and nuclear function
Authors: Walters Brian M. , Guttieres Lucas J. , Goëb Mayline , Marjenberg Stanley J. , Martindale Mark Q. , Wikramanayake Athula H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of multicellularity in animals marks a pivotal evolutionary event, which was likely enabled by molecular innovations in the way cells adhere and communicate with one another. β‐Catenin is significant to this transition due to its dual role as both a structural component in the cadherin–catenin complex and as a transcriptional coactivator involved in the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. However, our knowledge of how this protein functions in ctenophores, one of the earliest diverging metazoans, is limited.ResultsTo study β‐catenin function in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, we generated affinity‐purified polyclonal antibodies targeting Mlβ‐catenin. We then used this tool to observe β‐catenin protein localization in developing Mnemiopsis embryos. In this article, we provide evidence of consistent β‐catenin protein enrichment at cell–cell interfaces in Mnemiopsis embryos. Additionally, we found β‐catenin enrichment in some nuclei, particularly restricted to the oral pole around the time of gastrulation. The Mlβ‐catenin affinity‐purified antibodies now provide us with a powerful reagent to study the ancestral functions of β‐catenin in cell adhesion and transcriptional regulation.ConclusionsThe localization pattern of embryonic Mlβ‐catenin suggests that this protein had an ancestral role in cell adhesion and may have a nuclear function as well.
Normalization: How Organizations Socialize Newcomers to Make the Extraordinary Seem Ordinary
Authors: Ashforth Blake E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHow does an organization take a raw recruit and have them dispose of bombs, slaughter animals, or work in polar research stations? I argue that the answer is through socializing them so that they come to view the extraordinary as more ordinary. This “normalization” typically entails: (1) setting the context by creating a strong situation in the form of a social cocoon with high normative control; (2) setting the content by providing a clear frame and ideology, conveyed through various forms of discourse; and (3) setting the process of socialization in motion by recruiting and selecting promising individuals and subjecting them to synergistic combinations of divestiture and investiture and of incrementalism and immersion, routinizing the work, and facilitating stress coping. These practices are mutually reinforcing such that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. The outcome is newcomers who can take in stride and accomplish what may have once seemed unthinkable. However, the socialization process is largely the same whether the goals are socially desirable (e.g., pursuing a grand challenge) or socially undesirable (e.g., extremism), and whether the means are socially desirable (most work) or undesirable (e.g., “dirty work”). I conclude with a discussion of the ethical implications of normalizing, a summary of common managerial practices for normalizing, and directions for future research.
Optimization of Argon Gas Flow Rate for High‐Quality Germanium Crystal Growth in Czochralski Method
Authors: Hadidchi Sanaz , Tavakoli Mohammad Hossein 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe quality of germanium crystals grown using the Czochralski method critically depends on growth conditions, particularly the flow rate of inert gases. Despite its importance, the impact of argon gas flow rate on the thermal field, melt convection, and resultant crystal quality has not been comprehensively studied. To bridge this gap, we employed computational fluid dynamics and finite element method analysis to investigate argon flow rates ranging from 1 to 30 L/min. Our results reveal that increasing the argon flow rate improves not only crystal cooling but also heightens thermal stress by approximately 15% and dislocation density by 25%, with significant freezing at the melt–crucible interface for higher rates. These findings suggest that gas flow rate optimization is key to minimizing defects and enhancing crystal quality. This study provides novel insights into the thermal and flow dynamics within a Czochralski germanium growth setup, offering practical guidance for semiconductor manufacturing.
White Matter Hyperintensities: Cerebral Small‐Vessel Diseases and White Matter Microstructural Impairments
Authors: Huang Hui , Song Wei , Wang Pengyu , Zhu Ye , Zheng Lei , Shen Chenzhen , Xu Hui , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are very widespread in older adults and are imaging features of both cerebral small‐vessel disease and white matter microstructural impairments. Recent studies have demonstrated a close association between WMH and some common diseases in older adults, including Alzheimer's disease and hypertension. Thus, studies of WMH are important for avoiding the occurrence of these diseases and improving the health status of older adults. This review summarizes the literature relating to WMH in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging features, and therapy. It also analyzes the limitations of present studies and provides perspectives on future directions.
Implementation of a novel insulin infusion calculator in the electronic health record medication administration record: Assessing efficacy and safety in intensive care unit patients
Authors: King Kevin , Chen Alyssa , Willner Marc , Ketz Jeff , Palm Nicole 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionIntravenous insulin infusions are recommended for control of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Institutions have adopted nurse‐driven titration protocols for management of infusions; however, optimal integration within electronic health records (EHRs) has lagged. Data is lacking regarding clinical pharmacist interventions in standardizing and implementing decision support with electronic nomograms.MethodsThis multicenter cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of implementing an EHR medication administration record (MAR) calculator for insulin infusion in 29 hospital intensive care units (ICUs). Outcomes were evaluated before and after implementation of the EHR MAR calculator (April 12–June 5, 2023; implementation on May 9, 2023). The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of blood glucose values within a target range of 140–179 mg/dL. Secondary outcomes included the proportions of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic glucose values.ResultsA total of 206 patients were included: 109 in the pre‐group and 97 in the post‐group. More patients in the pre‐group received corticosteroids (40.4% vs. 22.7%). The EHR MAR calculator implementation showed a significant increase in glucose values within the target range (35.5% post‐implementation vs. 31.0% pre‐implementation, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of hypoglycemic events, but the rate of hyperglycemia decreased (549 [43.7%] post‐implementation, 601 [48.6%] pre‐implementation, p = 0.02).DiscussionThis is the first study describing implementation of an integrated MAR calculator that automatically imports blood glucose results used for calculations in the MAR and does not rely on manual input by the nurse. The study demonstrated the benefits of transitioning from a paper‐based nomogram to an EHR MAR calculator for insulin infusion management in critically ill patients in improving time in target range and reducing the proportion of hyperglycemic values. Pharmacists provided standardization, validation, education, and assisted with implementation to streamline transitions of care, monitoring methods, and drug‐laboratory interaction concerns.
Leg Muscle Volume, Intramuscular Fat and Force Generation: Insights From a Computer‐Vision Model and Fat‐Water MRI
Authors: Smith Andrew C. , Laguna Javier Muñoz , Wesselink Eddo O. , Scott Zachary E. , Jenkins Hazel , Thornton Wesley A. , Wasielewski Marie , Connor Jordan , Delp Scott , Chaudhari Akshay S. , Parrish Todd B. , Mackey Sean , Elliott James M. , Weber Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMaintaining skeletal muscle health (i.e., muscle size and quality) is crucial for preserving mobility. Decreases in lower limb muscle volume and increased intramuscular fat (IMF) are common findings in people with impaired mobility. We developed an automated method to extract markers of leg muscle health, muscle volume and IMF, from MRI. We then explored their associations with age, body mass index (BMI), sex and voluntary force generation.MethodsWe trained (n = 34) and tested (n = 16) a convolutional neural network (CNN) to segment five muscle groups in both legs from fat‐water MRI to explore muscle volume and IMF. In 95 participants (70 females, 25 males, mean age [standard deviation] = 34.2 (11.2) years, age range = 18–60 years), we explored associations between the CNN measures and age, BMI and sex, and then in a subset of 75 participants, we explored associations between CNN muscle volume, CNN IMF and maximum plantarflexion force after controlling for age, BMI and sex.ResultsThe CNN demonstrated high test accuracy (Sørensen–Dice index ≥ 0.87 for all muscle groups) and reliability (muscle volume ICC2,1 ≥ 0.923 and IMF ICC2,1 ≥ 0.815 for all muscle groups) compared to manual segmentation. CNN muscle volume was positively associated with BMI across all muscle groups (p ≤ 0.001) but not with age (p ≥ 0.406). CNN IMF was positively associated with age for all muscle groups (p ≤ 0.015), and CNN IMF was positively associated with BMI for all muscle groups (p ≤ 0.043) except the right deep posterior compartment (p = 0.130). Males had greater CNN volume of all muscle groups (p < 0.001) except the left and right gastrocnemius (p ≥ 0.067). Gastrocnemius CNN IMF was greater in females (p ≤ 0.043). Plantarflexion force was positively associated with lateral compartment, soleus and gastrocnemius CNN volume (p ≤ 0.025) but not with CNN IMF (p ≥ 0.358).ConclusionsComputer‐vision models combined with fat‐water MRI permits the non‐invasive, automatic assessment of leg muscle volume and IMF. Associations with age, BMI and sex are important when interpreting these measures. Markers of leg muscle health may enhance our understanding of the relationship between muscle health, force generation and mobility.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02157038
Kinematic analysis of the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and scapulothoracic joint demonstrates significant multiplanar alterations in acromioclavicular injuries with each consecutive ligamentous injury during movements of the shoulder girdle: A whole‐cadaver study
Authors: Braeckevelt Thomas , Peeters Ian , Palmans Tanneke , De Wilde Lieven , Van Tongel Alexander 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeIn acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries, the kinematical interplay between the AC ligament, coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments and deltotrapezial fascia (DTF) during motions of the shoulder complex is disturbed. This study assessed kinematic alterations of sternoclavicular (SC), scapulothoracic (ST) and AC joint motion during humerothoracic and ST movements in AC injuries.MethodsShoulder girdle motion was evaluated in 14 cadaveric shoulders in 4 conditions, consisting of an intact state and AC injuries of increasing severity by sequentially sectioning the AC and CC ligaments and DTF. Joint motions were registered during humerothoracic elevation and protraction. An optical navigation system measured three‐dimensional rotations and translations in the SC, ST and AC joints.ResultsSectioning of the AC ligament increased inferior and anterior AC translation with a concomitant increase of scapular protraction. The clavicle rotated to an overall more posteriorly rotated position. Sectioning of the CC ligaments increased lateral rotation and protraction of the scapula relative to the clavicle with a concomitant inferior translation of the acromion. Also, manifest overriding of the clavicle is noted due to instability in the superoinferior and anteroposterior axes. The clavicle rotated back to an overall more anteriorly rotated position, similar to the native condition. Sectioning of the DTF further increased protraction of the scapula relative to the clavicle, while a further medial translation of the acromion under the clavicle is observed.ConclusionThe AC ligament affects anteroposterior stability, while the CC ligaments disturb stability in a superoinferior and mediolateral direction. All ligaments influence clavicular axial rotation. The DTF exacerbates alterations caused by the CC ligaments. Multiplanar decoupling results in overriding of the clavicle observed after sectioning the CC ligaments. Each sectioned ligament significantly increases scapular protraction. These findings guide further advancements in (non)surgical treatment of AC injuries to restore optimal function.Level of EvidenceN/A.