bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Based on neutrosophic fuzzy environment: a new development of FWZIC and FDOSM for benchmarking smart e-tourism applications
Authors: Alamoodi A. H. , Mohammed R. T. , Albahri O. S. , Qahtan Sarah , Zaidan A. A. , Alsattar H. A. , Albahri A. S. , Aickelin Uwe , Zaidan B. B. , Baqer M. J. , Jasim Ali Najm 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe task of benchmarking smart e-tourism applications based on multiple smart key concept attributes is considered a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. Although the literature review has evaluated and benchmarked these applications, data ambiguity and vagueness continue to be unresolved issues. The robustness of the fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) and fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency (FWZIC) is proven compared with that of other MADM methods. Thus, this study extends FDOSM and FWZIC under a new fuzzy environment to address the mentioned issues whilst benchmarking the applications. The neutrosophic fuzzy set is used for this purpose because of its high ability to handle ambiguous and vague information comprehensively. Fundamentally, the proposed methodology comprises two phases. The first phase adopts and describes the decision matrices of the smart e-tourism applications. The second phase presents the proposed framework in two sections. In the first section, the weight of each attribute of smart e-tourism applications is calculated through the neutrosophic FWZIC (NS-FWZIC) method. The second section employs the weights determined by the NS-FWZIC method to benchmark all the applications per each category (tourism marketing and smart-based tourism recommendation system categories) through the neutrosophic FDOSM (NS-FDOSM). Findings reveal that: (1) the NS-FWZIC method effectively weights the applications’ attributes. Real time receives the highest importance weight (0.402), whereas augmented reality has the lowest weight (0.005). The remaining attributes are distributed in between. (2) In the context of group decision-making, NS-FDOSM is used to uniform the variation found in the individual benchmarking results of the applications across all categories. Systematic ranking, sensitivity analysis and comparison analysis assessments are used to evaluate the robustness of the proposed work. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed along with several future directions.
Diaspora und Religion. Religionspolitische Herausforderungen in der jüngeren Geschichte der Aleviten in der Türkei und Deutschland
Authors: Çiçek Hüseyin 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel soll der Fokus auf der jüngeren alevitischen Geschichte in der Türkei und Deutschland liegen. Entwicklungen in der Türkei und der alevitischen Diaspora in der Bundesrepublik sollen zuerst unabhängig voneinander dargelegt und in der Zusammenfassung miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Die Entscheidung hierfür folgt aus zwei wichtigen Überlegungen: Die Aleviten gehören zu wichtigen Anhängern des türkischen Republikgründers und wurden in der Gründungszeit der Republik sowie im Zeitalter der globalen Systemkonkurrenz nicht dabei unterstützt, eine eigene Identität und Religionspraxis auf- und auszubauen und eine solche auch zu praktizieren. Dabei sind die politischen, religiösen und gesellschaftlichen Forderungen der Aleviten in der türkischen Republik bis heute keine, die die türkische Nation oder Identität untergraben würden. Vielmehr ist es das Versäumnis des türkischen Staates, bspw. die Aleviten in Identitäts- und Religionsfragen als gleichberechtigt anzuerkennen, was u. a. zur Entstehung von Gegensätzen und Dichotomien geführt hat.
Sarcopenia reduces quality of life in the long-term: longitudinal analyses from the English longitudinal study of ageing
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Koyanagi Ai , Cereda Emanuele , Maggi Stefania , Barbagallo Mario , Dominguez Ligia J. , Smith Lee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mixed findings exist for sarcopenia/quality of life (QoL) relationship. Moreover, the majority of studies in this area have utilized a cross-sectional design or specific clinical populations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between sarcopenia at baseline and QoL at 10 years follow-up in a large representative sample of older English adults.

Methods
Sarcopenia was diagnosed as having low handgrip strength and low skeletal muscle mass index. QoL was measured using the CASP (control, autonomy, self-realisation and pleasure)-19, with higher values reflecting higher QoL. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess prospective associations between sarcopenia at baseline and poor QoL at follow-up; generalized linear model with repeated measures was used for reporting mean changes during follow-up between sarcopenia and not.

Results
Among 4044 older participants initially included at baseline (mean age: 70.7 years; 55.1% females), 376 had sarcopenia. In the multivariable analysis, after adjusting for several potential confounders, sarcopenia at baseline was associated with a higher incidence of poor QoL (odds ratio, OR = 5.82; 95% confidence interval, CI 3.45–9.82). After matching for QoL values at baseline and adjusting for potential confounders, people with sarcopenia reported significantly lower values in CASP-19 (mean difference = − 3.94; 95% CI − 4.77 to − 3.10).

Conclusions
In this large representative sample of older English adults, it was observed that sarcopenia at baseline was associated with worse scores of QoL at follow-up compared to those without sarcopenia at baseline. It may be prudent to target those with sarcopenia to improve QoL.
Netzwerkbasierte Betrachtung von ko-konstruktiven Interaktionsprozessen im Unterricht – Ein Ansatz zur Beschreibung und Analyse von Angebot und Nutzung
Authors: Troll Bianka , Heil Cathleen , Pietsch Marcus , Besser Michael 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungUnterricht stellt ein interaktives Geschehen dar. Die verbale Beteiligung der Schüler*innen an der Interaktion im Unterricht kann dabei als Indikator für die Nutzung von Lernangeboten, aber gleichzeitig auch als potenzielles Lernangebot für andere an der Interaktion beteiligte Schüler*innen interpretiert werden. Der Artikel stellt eine netzwerkbasierte Betrachtung von ko-konstruktiven Interaktionsprozessen vor, um sich der Beschreibung und Analyse von Angebots-Nutzungs-Prozessen im Unterricht anzunähern. Netzwerkbasierte Betrachtungen liefern dabei nicht nur geeignete Visualisierungen, um Interaktionsprozesse übersichtlich darzustellen, sondern auch auf quantitativen Verfahren beruhende Ansatzpunkte für die Analyse von videobasierten Daten. Datengrundlage bildet eine schüler*innenzentriert videografierte Gruppenarbeitsphase (fünf Gruppen á 4 Schüler*innen) im Deutschunterricht einer dritten Klasse. Zur Analyse der dynamischen Interaktionsprozesse wurden die gerichteten Redebeiträge (wer spricht zu wem) der Schüler*innen sowie der Lehrkraft im zeitlichen Verlauf bezüglich ihrer Art (aufgabenbezogen prozessorientiert, aufgabenbezogen ergebnisorientiert, nicht-aufgabenbezogen) von vier geschulten Kodierer*innen kodiert. Die Analysen zeigen, dass sich der methodische Ansatz der Netzwerkanalyse eignet, um abzubilden, wer wie stark an der Bearbeitung einer Lernaufgabe beteiligt ist und wer konkret ein Lernangebot erhält. Zudem kann aufgezeigt werden, wer gemeinsam ko-konstruktiv an der Lösungsfindung beteiligt ist und wie sich der Interaktionsprozesse über die Zeit entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich ihres Mehrwerts und möglicher Anschlussstudien kritisch diskutiert.
An Archetypal Vibration Isolator with Quasi-zero Stiffness in Multiple Directions
Authors: Zhu Guangnan , Lu Kuan , Cao Qingjie , Chen Yushu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo avoid the failure under the longitudinal, shear, and mixed wave from earthquake, an archetypal vibration isolator based on a smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator is proposed. This model comprises a lumped mass mounted by a vertical spring and a horizontal elastic continuum, which separately provides positive and the negative stiffness forming the stable quasi-zero stiffness (SQZS) in all vertical and horizontal directions. The equation of motion is formulated by employing the Lagrange equation, and the SQZS condition is obtained by optimizing the geometrical parameters of the system. The analysis shows that the system admits remarkable performance in vibration isolation with low resonant frequency and a large stroke of SQZS interval. The results also demonstrate the system has improved aseismic behaviour under the complex excitation of seismic wave significantly.
What Motivates Direct and Indirect Punishment?
Authors: Molho Catherine , Twardawski Mathias , Fan Lei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Punishment represents a key mechanism to deter norm violations and is motivated by retribution and/or general deterrence. Retribution-motivated punishment is tailored to offense severity, whereas deterrence-motivated punishment is tailored to different factors, including punishment observability. This study aimed to replicate and extend prior work by testing how offense severity and punishment observability motivate direct, confrontational punishment versus indirect, covert punishment. Participants ( N = 308) read vignettes describing offenses with varying severity (high vs. low) and punishment observability (high vs. low). We then assessed their punishment tendencies – overall, direct, and indirect – and their endorsement of retribution and deterrence motives. Findings supported a “strong version” of intuitive retributivism. Manipulating retribution-relevant information consistently influenced punishment: participants reported stronger overall, direct, and indirect punishment tendencies when severity was high (vs. low). Self-reported deterrence (but not retribution) motives positively related to overall, direct, and indirect punishment tendencies. However, manipulating deterrence-relevant information did not influence punishment.
Precursory Signal Detected for the 2018 Sierra Negra Volcanic Eruption, Galápagos, Using Seismic Ambient Noise
Authors: Ruiz Mario Z. , Civilini Francesco , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Oliva Sarah J. , Ruiz Mario C. , Badi Gabriela , La Femina Peter C. , Casas José A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe changes in physical properties leading up to a volcanic eruption provide clues to processes occurring within volcanoes and may reveal premonitory signals. The Sierra Negra shield volcano, located in the Galápagos Islands, erupted on 26 June 2018 after months of continued inflation and escalating earthquake activity. We applied ambient noise interferometry to five months of continuous seismic data from 12 broadband stations to calculate crustal shear‐wave velocity changes before and during the eruption. Using the Moving Window Cross‐Spectral technique and a pre‐eruption stack of ambient seismic data as reference, we found a −0.27% decrease in velocity 17 days before the eruption in station‐pairs that pass beneath the caldera's north‐eastern sector. Sensitivity kernels suggest that the velocity changes of this precursory signal are greatest at depths corresponding to the shallow sill (∼2 km) beneath the wide caldera. Our results, considered in light of geodetic, seismicity, and petrological results, suggest that this velocity decrease is in part caused by dilatation from a ML 4.8 earthquake, and degassing after a possible magma intrusion below or at the base of the sill. The precursory velocity decrease within the sill region offers an important tool for forecasting future eruptions at Sierra Negra.
A High‐Resolution 3‐D Circulation Model in a Complex Archipelago on the Coastal Scotian Shelf
Authors: Feng Tao , Stanley Ryan R. E. , Wu Yongsheng , Kenchington Ellen , Xu Jinshan , Horne Ed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA high‐resolution coastal Finite‐Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) has been configured to simulate the water circulation in the Eastern Shore Islands (ESI) archipelago on the coastal Scotian Shelf. Circulation in this area is characterized by complex interactions between the irregular coastline, a dense archipelago, tides, wind, and subtidal currents. Model outputs show close agreement with the tides, subtidal current, and hydrographic observations. Two circulation regimes within the study area were identified “inshore” and “offshore” of the 60‐m isobath. The balance between pressure gradient and Coriolis effect controls the dominant southwestward current (Nova Scotia Current) in the offshore. Rotary spectra and numerical experiments showed that the tidal current was an important component to the circulation in the inshore. Within the study area there are several clockwise and counter‐clockwise gyres related to the Coriolis effect, surface wind stress, pressure gradient, and the interaction between the irregular topography and current. The combined effects of topography, wind, tide, and Nova Scotia Current regulate the inshore circulation. The topographic features complex the cross‐shore transport. The increased bathymetric slope and strengthened relative vorticity contribute to the inshore cross‐shore current. Here, we found that the joint effect of baroclinicity and bottom relief drives the cross‐isobath transport. The ability of our model to resolve complex coastal circulation patterns provides an important basis on which to better understand how physical oceanography influences the unique ecological processes of this coastal archipelago and ultimately will help to evaluate dispersal and connectivity of coastal species in this area.
LGM Paleoclimate Constraints Inform Cloud Parameterizations and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity in CESM2
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Otto‐Bliesner Bette L. , Brady Esther C. , Gettelman Andrew , Bacmeister Julio T. , Neale Richard B. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Shaw Jonah K. , McGraw Zachary S. , Kay Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) simulates a high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS > 5°C) and a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that is substantially colder than proxy temperatures. In this study, we examine the role of cloud parameterizations in simulating the LGM cooling in CESM2. Through substituting different versions of cloud schemes in the atmosphere model, we attribute the excessive LGM cooling to the new CESM2 schemes of cloud microphysics and ice nucleation. Further exploration suggests that removing an inappropriate limiter on cloud ice number (NoNimax) and decreasing the time‐step size (substepping) in cloud microphysics largely eliminate the excessive LGM cooling. NoNimax produces a more physically consistent treatment of mixed‐phase clouds, which leads to an increase in cloud ice content and a weaker shortwave cloud feedback over mid‐to‐high latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere subtropics. Microphysical substepping further weakens the shortwave cloud feedback. Based on NoNimax and microphysical substepping, we have developed a paleoclimate‐calibrated CESM2 (PaleoCalibr), which simulates well the observed twentieth century warming and spatial characteristics of key cloud and climate variables. PaleoCalibr has a lower ECS (∼4°C) and a 20% weaker aerosol‐cloud interaction than CESM2. PaleoCalibr represents a physically more consistent treatment of cloud microphysics than CESM2 and is a valuable tool in climate change studies, especially when a large climate forcing is involved. Our study highlights the unique value of paleoclimate constraints in informing the cloud parameterizations and ultimately the future climate projection.
Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects
Authors: Holze Friederike , Ley Laura , Müller Felix , Becker Anna M. , Straumann Isabelle , Vizeli Patrick , Kuehne Sebastian Silva , Roder Marc A. , Duthaler Urs , Kolaczynska Karolina E. , Varghese Nimmy , Eckert Anne , Liechti Matthias E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGrowing interest has been seen in using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin in psychiatric research and therapy. However, no modern studies have evaluated differences in subjective and autonomic effects of LSD and psilocybin or their similarities and dose equivalence. We used a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 28 healthy subjects (14 women, 14 men) who underwent five 25 h sessions and received placebo, LSD (100 and 200 µg), and psilocybin (15 and 30 mg). Test days were separated by at least 10 days. Outcome measures included self-rating scales for subjective effects, autonomic effects, adverse effects, effect durations, plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin, and pharmacokinetics. The doses of 100 and 200 µg LSD and 30 mg psilocybin produced comparable subjective effects. The 15 mg psilocybin dose produced clearly weaker subjective effects compared with both doses of LSD and 30 mg psilocybin. The 200 µg dose of LSD induced higher ratings of ego-dissolution, impairments in control and cognition, and anxiety than the 100 µg dose. The 200 µg dose of LSD increased only ratings of ineffability significantly more than 30 mg psilocybin. LSD at both doses had clearly longer effect durations than psilocybin. Psilocybin increased blood pressure more than LSD, whereas LSD increased heart rate more than psilocybin. However, both LSD and psilocybin showed comparable cardiostimulant properties, assessed by the rate-pressure product. Both LSD and psilocybin had dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and first-order elimination. Both doses of LSD and the high dose of psilocybin produced qualitatively and quantitatively very similar subjective effects, indicating that alterations of mind that are induced by LSD and psilocybin do not differ beyond the effect duration. Any differences between LSD and psilocybin are dose-dependent rather than substance-dependent. However, LSD and psilocybin differentially increased heart rate and blood pressure. These results may assist with dose finding for future psychedelic research.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03604744
Restoring the dampened expression of the core clock molecule BMAL1 protects against compression-induced intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Wang Dong , Peng Pandi , Dudek Michal , Hu Xueyu , Xu Xiaolong , Shang Qiliang , Wang Di , Jia Haoruo , Wang Han , Gao Bo , Zheng Chao , Mao Jianxin , Gao Chu , He Xin , Cheng Pengzhen , Wang Huanbo , Zheng Jianmin , Hoyland Judith A. , Meng Qing-Jun , Luo Zhuojing , Yang Liu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe circadian clock participates in maintaining homeostasis in peripheral tissues, including intervertebral discs (IVDs). Abnormal mechanical loading is a known risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Based on the rhythmic daily loading pattern of rest and activity, we hypothesized that abnormal mechanical loading could dampen the IVD clock, contributing to IDD. Here, we investigated the effects of abnormal loading on the IVD clock and aimed to inhibit compression-induced IDD by targeting the core clock molecule brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1). In this study, we showed that BMAL1 KO mice exhibit radiographic features similar to those of human IDD and that BMAL1 expression was negatively correlated with IDD severity by systematic analysis based on 149 human IVD samples. The intrinsic circadian clock in the IVD was dampened by excessive loading, and BMAL1 overexpression by lentivirus attenuated compression-induced IDD. Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway by Y-27632 or melatonin attenuated the compression-induced decrease in BMAL1 expression. Finally, the two drugs partially restored BMAL1 expression and alleviated IDD in a diurnal compression model. Our results first show that excessive loading dampens the circadian clock of nucleus pulposus tissues via the RhoA/ROCK pathway, the inhibition of which potentially protects against compression-induced IDD by preserving BMAL1 expression. These findings underline the importance of the circadian clock for IVD homeostasis and provide a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for IDD.
Investigation of Cas9 antibodies in the human eye
Authors: Toral Marcus A. , Charlesworth Carsten T. , Ng Benjamin , Chemudupati Teja , Homma Shota , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Bassuk Alexander G. , Porteus Matthew H. , Mahajan Vinit B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPreexisting immunity against Cas9 proteins in humans represents a safety risk for CRISPR–Cas9 technologies. However, it is unclear to what extent preexisting Cas9 immunity is relevant to the eye as it is targeted for early in vivo CRISPR–Cas9 clinical trials. While the eye lacks T-cells, it contains antibodies, cytokines, and resident immune cells. Although precise mechanisms are unclear, intraocular inflammation remains a major cause of vision loss. Here, we used immunoglobulin isotyping and ELISA platforms to profile antibodies in serum and vitreous fluid biopsies from human adult subjects and Cas9-immunized mice. We observed high prevalence of preexisting Cas9-reactive antibodies in serum but not in the eye. However, we detected intraocular antibodies reactive to S. pyogenes-derived Cas9 after S. pyogenes intraocular infection. Our data suggest that serum antibody concentration may determine whether specific intraocular antibodies develop, but preexisting immunity to Cas9 may represent a lower risk in human eyes than systemically.
Morphological characteristics of pollen from triploid watermelon and its fate on stigmas in a hybrid crop production system
Authors: Subasinghe Arachchige Erandi C. W. , Evans Lisa J. , Samnegård Ulrika , Rader Romina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHybrid crop production is more reliant on pollinators compared to open-pollinated crops because they require cross-pollination between a male-fertile and a male-sterile line. Little is known about how stigma receipt of pollen from male-sterile genotypes affects reproduction in hybrids. Non-viable and non-compatible pollen cannot fertilise plant ovules, but may still interfere with pollination success. Here we used seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) as a model hybrid plant, to evaluate the morphology, physiology, and movement of pollen from inter-planted genotypes (diploids and triploids). We found that pollen from triploids (‘Exclamation’ and ‘Royal Armada’) and diploids (‘SP-6’, ‘Summer Flavor 800’, and ‘Tiger’) was visually distinguishable. Pollen in triploids had more deformities (42.4–46%), tetrads (43–44%), and abnormal growth of callose plugs in pollen tubes. The amount of pollen in triploids to germinate on stigmas was low (8 ± 3%), and few pollen grains produced pollen tubes (6.5 ± 2%). Still, contrary to previous reports our results suggest that some viable pollen grains are produced by triploid watermelons. However, whilst honey bees can collect and deposit pollen from triploids onto stigmas, its effect on hybrid watermelon reproduction is likely to be minimal due to its low germination rate.
A Middle Pleistocene wolf from central Italy provides insights on the first occurrence of Canis lupus in Europe
Authors: Iurino Dawid A. , Mecozzi Beniamino , Iannucci Alessio , Moscarella Alfio , Strani Flavia , Bona Fabio , Gaeta Mario , Sardella Raffaele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, we describe a partial cranium of a large canid dated at 406.5 ± 2.4 ka from the Middle Pleistocene of Ponte Galeria (Rome, Italy). The sample represents one of the few Middle Pleistocene remains of a wolf-like canid falling within the timeframe when the Canis mosbachensis–Canis lupus transition occurred, a key moment to understand the spread of the extant wolf (Canis lupus) in Europe. CT-based methods allow studying the outer and inner cranial anatomy (brain and frontal sinuses) of a selected sample of fossil and extant canids. Morphological and biometric results allowed to: (I) ascribe the cranium from Ponte Galeria to an adult Canis lupus, representing the first reliable occurrence of this taxon in Europe; (II) provide the content for a biochronological revision of the Middle Pleistocene record of European wolves.