bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Impact of Air and Agricultural Soil Pollution on Social Development in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaagib Sharaf Aldin B. , Ghanem Adel M. , Alrwis Khalid N. , Alduwais Abdulaziz M. , Alnashwan Othman S. , Alhashem Jawad E. , Kamara Sahar A. , Aldawdahi Nageeb M. 
Published: June 2022

This research aimed to measure the impact of air and agricultural soil pollution on social development in Saudi Arabia from the period 1995–2019 by using social development indicators, concentrating on the percentages of expenditure on education and health, and the Human Development Index. In addition, this study uses multiple regressions in estimating the model to study the impact of air pollution and agricultural soil on social development. Results of the study showed that a 10% change in the number of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in Saudi agriculture leads to a change in the total number of inpatients by 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively. It was also found that an increased percentage of health expenditure to total government spending by 10% leads to a decrease in the total number of patients in the hospital by 1.8%. An increase in air pollution, expressed as a 10% increase in CO2 emissions, increases the total number of hospitalized patients by 11.1%. The increasing total number of patients by 10% leads to a decrease in the total productivity of the worker, as an indicator of 1.8%. Furthermore, a change of 10% in the ratio of education expenditure to total government expenditure leads to a change in the same direction of the Human Development Index by 9.6%. In light of these results, it can be recommended that the country need to reduce air pollution by expanding the use of natural gas in the industrial and transportation sectors, in addition to reducing the use of nitrogenous fertilizers and pesticides in Saudi agriculture through the expansion of clean farming and good agricultural practices.
The Effect of Shallot Peel Ethanol Extract in Reducing Kidney MDA Levels in Diazinon-induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Khoiruddin Mukhammad Arif Hadi , Helianti Dina , Hasan Muhammad , Dewi Rosita , Rachmania Sheilla 
Published: June 2022

Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide often used by farmer. The residue of diazinon may contaminate agricultural products and if accidentally consumed in a long term, may potentially led to health problems such as kidney disorders. Shallot (Allium cepa) peel was recently proposed to help recover the kidney damage due to its high flavonoid antioxidant content. This study aims to determine the antioxidant effect of shallot peel extract in reducing oxidative stress caused by diazinon with malondialdehyde (MDA) level indicator on the kidney of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was a true experimental with an in-vivo posttest-only control group design. The 28 rats were divided using a simple random sampling technique. The groups were the control group (K0), the diazinon group (K1), SPEE (Shallot Peel Ethanol Extract) groups which are P1 (300 mg/kg BW), P2 (600 mg/kg BW), P3 (900 mg/kg BW), P4 (1200 mg/kg BW) and P5 (2400 mg/kg BW). At the end of the study, the MDA kidney levels was analysed using the TBARS method. Effective doses were found in 600 mg/kg BW/day, 900 mg/kg BW/day, 1200 mg/kg BW/day, and 2400 mg/kg BW/day. The optimal dose of shallot peel extract in this study was 600 mg/kg BW/day. This study showed the effectiveness of shallot peel extract in reducing kidney MDA levels in diazinon-induced Wistar rats.
Keywords: shallot peel, diazinon, kidney MDA level
The Correlation between Personal Hygiene of Greengrocer and Coliform Bacteria Contamination in Lettuce in Jember Traditional Markets
Authors: Faza Qintar Layallia , Mufida Diana Chusna , Shodikin Muhammad Ali , Hermansyah Bagus , Marga Putri Elvia Rahmi 
Published: June 2022

Lettuce is a vegetable that is usually consumed in raw condition or unprocessed by people. Unprocessed vegetables can cause food-borne diseases. Lettuce that is not processed and being consumed directly can cause contamination by Coliform bacteria. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation between Greengrocer’s personal hygiene and Coliform bacteria contamination in lettuce in Jembertraditional markets. This research used a descriptive observational design with the cross-sectional approach. It took place in eight traditional markets in Jember Regency and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember. The samples used were 41 lettuces purchased from 41 traditional market sellers. The microbiological examination was performed in the laboratory using the most probable number method. The results showed that lettuce sellers had bad personal hygiene (92,7%) and the data from the most probable number test found 97,6% contaminated by Coliform bacteria. The bivariate analysis was used to know the relationship between personal hygiene vegetable seller and contamination Coliform bacteria in lettuce. Thep-value was 0,072, which means there was no relationship between personal hygiene vegetable seller and contamination Coliform bacteria in lettuce.
Keywords: lettuce, Coliform, contamination, personal hygiene
A Novel Triple Radar Arrangement for Level 2 ADAS Detection System in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Enayati Javad , Asef Pedram , Jonnalagadda Yeshwanth 
Published: June 2022

The main functions of the automated systems rely on the advanced sensors for detection and perception of the environment around the vehicle. Radars and cameras are commonly utilized to detect the potential obstacles and vehicles ahead on the road. Nevertheless, cameras can generate spurious detections in the extreme weather conditions such as fog, rain, dust, snow, dark, and heavy sunlight in the sky. Due to limitations in vertical field view of the radars, single radars are not reliable to detect the height of the targets precisely. In this paper, a triple radar arrangement (long-range, medium-range, and short-range radars) based on sensor fusion technique is proposed to detect objects with different size in level 2 Advanced Driver-Assistance (ADAS) system. The typical objects including truck, pedestrians, and animals are detected in different scenarios. The developed model considered ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS 21448 to reasonably address insufficient robustness and inability of the sensors. The models of sensor and level 2 ADAS systems are developed using MATLAB toolbox and Simulink. Sensor detection performance is determined by running simulations with triple radar setup. Obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach generates accurate detections of targets in all tested scenarios.
A Comparison between endonasal and external Dacryocystorhinostomy using the Lac-Q questionnaire
Authors: Engelsberg Karl , Torabi Pegah , Stenström Björn , Svensson Christer , Björnberg Pernilla , Larsson Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Assessing lacrimal problems pre- and postoperatively with a symptom-based questionnaire (Lac-Q questionnaire) and investigating the patients’ satisfaction depending on choice of operative technique.
Methods
A total of 112 patients with lacrimal problems operated by external or endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) were enrolled in the study. After the operation they received a symptom-based questionnaire (Lac-Q questionnaire) to evaluate their lacrimal symptoms pre- and postoperatively. Complementary questions regarding the scar generated by the operation and satisfaction with the operation were added.
Results
Lacrimal problems gave high scores on the Lac-Q questionnaire. Patients expressed both symptomatic and social problems because of epiphora. Patients were satisfied after DCR surgery and there was no difference between external DCR and endonasal DCR concerning the degree of the patients’ satisfaction after the operation. The scar after the operation did bother a few of the patients.
Conclusion
Lacrimal problems were regarded by the patients as a large symptomatic and social burden. The relief of the symptoms and satisfaction after a DCR operation, regardless of endonasal or external approach, were very good.
On Outage Analysis in Overlay CCRN with RF Energy Harvesting and Co-channel Interference
Authors: Ghosh Sutanu , Maity Santi , Acharya Tamaghna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of co-channel interference (CCI) on energy harvesting (EH) from radio frequency (RF) signal and the performance of reliable communication. An overlay mode of cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN) model is considered that may support one-way communication between primary users (PUs) and two-way communications between secondary users (SUs). Closed form PU and SU outage expressions are derived in presence of CCI at two SU nodes and multiple antennas at PU transmitter. The absolute impact of CCI on the performance of the proposed system is analysed with respect to various parameters like, transmission power, interference-to-noise-ratio (INR), power splitting factor, number of CCI sources and number of antennas. About 20% and 15% improvements are achieved for PU and SU outage using two antennas compared to single antenna system model.
On the Injectivity of an Integral Operator Connected to Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Adam Dumitru 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The equivalent formulation of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) givenby Alcantara-Bode ([2], 1993) states: RH holds if and only if the inte-gral operator on the Hilbert space L2(0,1) having the kernel functiondefined by the fractional part of (y/x) is injective. This formulationreduced one of the most important unsolved problems in pure math-ematics to a problem whose investigation could be made by standardtechniques of the applied mathematics.The method introduced to deal with, is based on a result obtainedin this paper: an operator linear, bounded, Hermitian on a separableHilbert space that is strict positive definite on a dense family of includ-ing subspaces, subspaces on which the sequence of the ratios betweenthe smallest and largest eigenvalues of the operator restrictions on thefamily is bounded inferior by a strict positive constant, is injective.Using a version for integral operators on L2(0,1) we proved theinjectivity of the integral operator in the equivalent formulation of theRH given in [2].
Diagnosis of visceral form of Isospora infection (atoxoplasma) in black spot syndrome in canaries, in Iran
Authors: Hemmati Amir Hossein , Gholami-Ahangaran Majid , Moghtadaei Elham 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The gastrointestinal form of Isospora is well described in passeriformes, but there are few reports of the visceral form of Isospora. Therefore, to evaluate the visceral form of Isospora in canaries with "black spot" syndrome, gastrointestinal contents were prepared from 50 canaries that were lost and appeared black spot under the skin of the abdomen. At the same time, tissue samples were collected from visceral tissues. After preparing the samples, the oocyst was counted in the digestive contents. A total of 7 canaries out of 50 canaries showed oocyst in their feces. Following the identification of infected birds, histopathological sections were prepared from their visceral tissues. Visceral tissues included the heart, liver, and intestine. Inflammation and hyperemia were seen on microscopic view of heart, but no developing stage of parasites was seen. The liver showed inflammation as well as the asexual reproductive stage of the parasite. The asexual reproductive stage of the parasite was also observed in the intestine. Therefore, Isospora seems to be involved in the syndrome of black spot in canaries by causing gastrointestinal and visceral lesions.
Application of spectral analysis to the reservoir triggered earthquakes in Three Gorges reservoir region, China
Authors: zhang Lifen , Gahalaut Kalpna , Liao Wulin , Zhao Yannan , Yao Yunsheng , Li Jinggang , Qin Weibing , Wei Guichun , Zhou Ziyan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the Three Gorges reservoir region, central China, seismic activity increased substantially after the reservoir impoundment in 2003 which continues till date. Previous studies show that these are reservoir-triggered earthquakes and various factors are responsible for the increase in seismic activity after the reservoir impoundment. However, these studies do not provide a comprehensive assessment of influence of reservoir water level variations on spatio-temporal distribution of earthquakes. In this study, we statistically analyse the influence of the water level variations on the increased seismic activity in the reservoir region for the period from May 2003 to April 2020, using the power spectrum and singular spectrum techniques. Our statistical analyses confirm the influence of long-term variations in the water level time series on the occurrence of earthquakes after the reservoir impoundment. The analysis also indicates a positive role of annual reservoir water level fluctuations in the total seismicity of the region. Depending on the cluster patterns and relationship with faults, the earthquakes of the Three Gorges reservoir region are divided into three seismic zones (A, B, and C). For zone C both the power spectrum and singular spectrum analyses confirm the strong periodic influence of reservoir water level variations on the earthquakes. Increase in seismicity of zone B is only in the initial period but not in the later stages of water impoundment and our statistical analyses indicate that the seismicity of this zone is not directly related to the annual reservoir water level variations. This confirms the conjecture in the earlier studies that the seismicity of this zone is related to the collapse of coal mines present in the area in the initial stages of reservoir impoundment. For zone A, our statistical analyses do not show strong influence of the annual reservoir water level variations on the occurrence of earthquakes. We suggest that this is due to the contribution of various other factors along with reservoir impoundment in the occurrence of earthquakes of this zone, as also opined in some earlier studies.
Effects of increasing chlorine concentration in feedstock on the emission and distribution characteristic of dioxins in circular fluidized bed boiler
Authors: Cui Changhao , Liu Meijia , Li Li , Yan Dahai , Chen Chao , Wang Mingwei , Wang Jianyuan , Huang Qifei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Field studies were conducted to study the emission and distribution characteristics of dioxins by elevating the chloring concentration in feedstock in a 600MW circular fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. The concentration and total equivalent quantity of polychlorinated dibenzo–p–dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in all flue gas, electrostatic ash, cloth bag ash and boiler ash samples under blank condition (i.e., feedstock was normal coal) and chlorine labelling condition (i.e., feedstock mixed with coal and chlorine-containing labelling agent) were analyzed. Results illustrated that the concentration of PCDD/Fs in all gaseous and ash samples increased with the addition of chlorine in feedstock, with the largest and least increment in dioxin concentration observed in electrostatic ash and flue gas. PCDDs were the predominate congeners in flue gas, accounted for 50.1–60.4%of the total PCDD/Fs concentration under chlorine labelling and blank conditions, while PCDD/Fs distribution changed from PCDD– to PCDF–predominate by increasing chlorine content in feedstock under all field test conditions: 46.6–92.9%, 34.0–76.1%, and 47.0–53.1% of PCDFs were distributed in electrostatic ash, cloth bag ash, and boiler ash, respectively. Highly chlorinated PCDD/F congeners such as O8CDD/F and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD/F were the primary contributors to dioxins concentration in flue gas and boiler ash samples, whereas low-chlorinated 2,3,7,8-T4CDF and 1,2,3,7,8-P5CDF congeners became critically dominating in electrostatic and cloth bag ash.
Groundwater Potential Zone Identification by Lineament Mapping using Shaded Relief Images Derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Authors: Kuforiji Hakeem Iyiola 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study area, Obafemi-owode is one of the important areas of Ogun state due to its proximity to Lagos state, which is a major industrial hub of Nigeria. Being a developing country, most parts of Nigeria do not have access to quality water both for domestic and industrial uses from which the study area is not an exception as the residents rely majorly on groundwater for various purposes. Lineaments are capable of providing useful information about the underlying geological structure, which can be very helpful in fault and aquifer identification. Lineament identification using the Digital Elevation Model (DEMs), which involves the creation of shaded relief images of the study area is popular and very effective. In the present work, four shaded relief images were produced with sun azimuth angles and elevations of 315˚ and 45˚, 200˚ and 60˚, 100˚ and 60˚ and lastly 60˚ and 80˚. The various azimuth angle and elevation combinations enhanced distinct relief and topography for better lineament extraction. Lineaments (linear and curvilinear) were extracted from the four generated relief images and the lineament density map was plotted. The result has it that the lineament trends dominantly in the NNE-SSW direction, which could be considered to be an effect of the Mesoproterozoic Benin-Nigeria block of the West Africa orogeny. The area of lineament density is underlain by the Abeokuta formation and the zone with high lineament intersection within this area is identified as the region of high groundwater potential.
On the Origin of Phenotypic Plasticity
Authors: Sakamoto Takahiro , Innan Hideki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity provides an attractive strategy for adapting to various environments, but its evolutionary origin is poorly understood. We use a simple gene regulatory network model to explore how phenotypic plasticity arises.
The model assumes two alternative types of environments, while the network includes a gene that turns on and off depending on the type of environment. With this assumption, we demonstrate that the system gradually adapts by acquiring the ability to produce two distinct optimum phenotypes under two types of environments without changing genotype, thus resulting in phenotypic plasticity.
Our results indicate that gene regulatory networks have a marked ability to flexibly produce various phenotypes in response to environmental changes. Moreover phenotypic evolution may be better modeled by a gene regulatory network, rather than a single gene underlying a focal phenotype.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Two Formulations of Omeprazole and Sodiun bicarbonate powder, for suspension: A Randomized, Single-Dose, Two-Period, Two-Sequence Crossover Study in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Zhang Rui , Guo Pengpeng , Zhou Jinping , Li Peixia , Wan Jing , Yang Chunxiao , Zhou Jiali , Liu Yani , Shi Shaojun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate powder can effectively treatment for acid-related disorders. This study compared the bioequivalence of the two formulations of omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate powder and assessed how CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms affects pharmacokinetic (PK).Methods: This study used a single-center, randomized, single-dose, 2-sequence, and 2-period crossover method, researched among forty healthy Chinese subjects. Blood sample were collected after a single-dose for PK (AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, and Cmax) analysis. The concentrations of Omeprazole in human plasma were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, the gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 were assessed by Sanger sequencing.Results: The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) [GMR (95%CI)] of Test/Reference preparation for Cmax: 95.2% (88.48%, 102.43%), AUC0-t: 97.47% (94.4%,101.02%), AUC0-∞:97.68% (94.27%, 101.21%) were within the range of 80.00%-125.00%. Non-parametric test showed no statistical difference in Tmax between the two groups. (P>0.05). All drugs were well tolerated and no severe adverse reactions occurred, and there was also no significant differences in adverse events between the two drugs.For CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms, the results showed that of 40 subjects, 12 subjects were extensive metabolizer (EM), 24 were intermediate metabolizer (IM) and 4 were poor metabolizer (PM). The results of PK parameters showed that different genotypes of CYP2C19 lead to significant differences in t1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax, but no significant differences in Tmax in each group.Conclusion: This study has shown that the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations are not significantly different, which showed bioequivalence and good safety. CYP2C19 gene polymorphism has significant difference in PK parameters of omeprazole sodium bicarbonate suspension. It is suggested that attention should be paid to patients with poor metabolism in clinical application, and timely adjustment of drug delivery regimen should be made to avoid adverse reactions.
Epidemic Diffusion Network of Spain: a mobility model to characterize transmission routes of disease. A COVID-19 case study.
Authors: Mejía Javier Del Águila , García-García David , Rojas-Benedicto Ayelén , Rosillo Nicolás , Guerrero-Vadillo María , Peñuelas Marina , Ramis Rebeca , Gómez-Barroso Diana , Donado-Campos Juan de Mata 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Human mobility drives geographical diffusion of airborne infectious diseases at different scales, and the COVID-19 pandemic has made mobility data widely available thanks to technological advances. Mobility has been used to investigate COVID-19 but few studies focus on mobility itself. We used public data from February 14th 2020 to May 9th 2021 in Spain to characterize mobility patterns between the 52 provinces to build the Epidemic Diffusion Network using network science methods to study geographical diffusion phenomena.
Results
A total of 135 (out of 2.264) connections between the 52 provinces were identified as the most relevant and a weighted, directed network was built. Madrid, Valladolid and Araba/Álaba scored the highest degree and strength. Shortest routes (most likely path between two points) were obtained between all provinces A total of 7 mobility communities were found with a network modularity of 63%. COVID-19 cumulative incidence in 14 days (CI14) reflected community structure, with provinces of the same cluster behaving more similar when compared with the outside ones. Shortest routes of diffusion between all 52 provinces were obtained.
Conclusions
Mobility patterns in Spain are governed by a small number of high-flow connections that remain constant in time and seem unaffected by seasonality or restrictions. Most of the travels happen within communities, that does not completely represent political borders, thus indicating the importance of coordination between administrations when addressing health emergencies. The most likely geographical spread pattern in Spain is wave-like with occasional long-distance jumps, like a small-word network. This information could be of use to enhance preparedness and response plans with interventions targeted to relevant locations before the disease spreads, and to inform better models of disease diffusion at the country level.