bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary diagnostics for medically relevant fastidious microorganisms belonging to the genera Anaplasma,Bartonella,Coxiella,OrientiaandRickettsia
Authors: Vaca Diana J , Dobler Gerhard , Fischer Silke F , Keller Christian , Konrad Maik , von Loewenich Friederike D , Orenga Sylvain , Sapre Siddhesh U , van Belkum Alex , Kempf Volkhard A J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many of the human infectious pathogens—especially the zoonotic or vector-borne bacteria—are fastidious organisms that are difficult to cultivate because of their strong adaption to the infected host culminating in their near-complete physiological dependence on this environment. These bacterial species exhibit reduced multiplication rates once they are removed from their optimal ecological niche. This fact complicates the laboratory diagnosis of the disease and hinders the detection and further characterization of the underlying organisms, e.g. at the level of their resistance to antibiotics due to their slow growth. Here, we describe the current state of microbiological diagnostics for five genera of human pathogens with a fastidious laboratory lifestyle. For Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Orientia spp. and Rickettsia spp., we will summarize the existing diagnostic protocols, the specific limitations for implementation of novel diagnostic approaches and the need for further optimization or expansion of the diagnostic armamentarium. We will reflect upon the diagnostic opportunities provided by new technologies including mass spectrometry and next-generation nucleic acid sequencing. Finally, we will review the (im)possibilities of rapidly developing new in vitro diagnostic tools for diseases of which the causative agents are fastidiously growing and therefore hard to detect.
The Advantages of Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework to the Studies On Ethnic Interest Groups
Authors: Poggio Teixeira Carlos Gustavo , Nicolini Gabriel João Paulo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudies on ethnic interest groups are contributing to better understand the US foreign policy. By reviewing this literature, we noticed that establishing causal claims in this field has proved challenging due to methodological issues. Many authors draw conclusions focusing exclusively on ethnic groups without taking into account the full complexity of political processes. This work consists in the application of the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to this subject, aiming to overcome previous limitations by analyzing the links between ethnic groups and other agents. To that end, we undertook the case study here reported of the role played by Indian–Americans to advance the 2008 nuclear agreement between the United States and India through Capitol Hill. Employing deductive process tracing based on the ACF's structure, we demonstrate the relevance of the links between Indian–Americans and other groups to better understand how this agreement came to be approved.
Prediction performance of linear models and gradient boosting machine on complex phenotypes in outbred mice
Authors: Perez Bruno C , Bink Marco C A M , Svenson Karen L , Churchill Gary A , Calus Mario P L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We compared the performance of linear (GBLUP, BayesB, and elastic net) methods to a nonparametric tree-based ensemble (gradient boosting machine) method for genomic prediction of complex traits in mice. The dataset used contained genotypes for 50,112 SNP markers and phenotypes for 835 animals from 6 generations. Traits analyzed were bone mineral density, body weight at 10, 15, and 20 weeks, fat percentage, circulating cholesterol, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and urine creatinine. The youngest generation was used as a validation subset, and predictions were based on all older generations. Model performance was evaluated by comparing predictions for animals in the validation subset against their adjusted phenotypes. Linear models outperformed gradient boosting machine for 7 out of 10 traits. For bone mineral density, cholesterol, and glucose, the gradient boosting machine model showed better prediction accuracy and lower relative root mean squared error than the linear models. Interestingly, for these 3 traits, there is evidence of a relevant portion of phenotypic variance being explained by epistatic effects. Using a subset of top markers selected from a gradient boosting machine model helped for some of the traits to improve the accuracy of prediction when these were fitted into linear and gradient boosting machine models. Our results indicate that gradient boosting machine is more strongly affected by data size and decreased connectedness between reference and validation sets than the linear models. Although the linear models outperformed gradient boosting machine for the polygenic traits, our results suggest that gradient boosting machine is a competitive method to predict complex traits with assumed epistatic effects.
NETMAGE: A human disease phenotype map generator for the network-based visualization of phenome-wide association study results
Authors: Sriram Vivek , Shivakumar Manu , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Nam Yonghyun , Bang Lisa , Verma Anurag , Lee Seunggeun , Choe Eun Kyung , Kim Dokyoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Disease complications, the onset of secondary phenotypes given a primary condition, can exacerbate the long-term severity of outcomes. However, the exact cause of many of these cross-phenotype associations is still unknown. One potential reason is shared genetic etiology—common genetic drivers may lead to the onset of multiple phenotypes. Disease-disease networks (DDNs), where nodes represent diseases and edges represent associations between diseases, can provide an intuitive way of understanding the relationships between phenotypes. Using summary statistics from a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), we can generate a corresponding DDN where edges represent shared genetic variants between diseases. Such a network can help us analyze genetic associations across the diseasome, the landscape of all human diseases, and identify potential genetic influences for disease complications.

Results
To improve the ease of network-based analysis of shared genetic components across phenotypes, we developed the humaN disEase phenoType MAp GEnerator (NETMAGE), a web-based tool that produces interactive DDN visualizations from PheWAS summary statistics. Users can search the map by various attributes and select nodes to view related phenotypes, associated variants, and various network statistics. As a test case, we used NETMAGE to construct a network from UK BioBank (UKBB) PheWAS summary statistic data. Our map correctly displayed previously identified disease comorbidities from the UKBB and identified concentrations of hub diseases in the endocrine/metabolic and circulatory disease categories. By examining the associations between phenotypes in our map, we can identify potential genetic explanations for the relationships between diseases and better understand the underlying architecture of the human diseasome. Our tool thus provides researchers with a means to identify prospective genetic targets for drug design, using network medicine to contribute to the exploration of personalized medicine.
Health education to improve low-birthweight infant care practices in Central Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hadi Ella N , Tambunan Eviana S , Pratomo Hadi , Priyohastono Sutanto , Rustina Yeni 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of health education on the caring practices of low-birthweight (LBW) infant mothers in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. A quasi-experiment design with a pretest–post-test control group model was conducted on 159 mothers (78 in the intervention group and 81 in the control group) of LBW infants treated in the perinatology ward of three hospitals in Central Jakarta. Provision of health education to mothers of LBW infants consisted of counselling sessions and one-on-one visits provided by primary health centre nurses. Data were collected four times consecutively over 6 weeks. A generalized estimating equation model with a linear link function was employed to examine LBW infant practice score changes due to intervention and other influential factors at four time points. Results: The LBW infant care practice scores were higher in the intervention group than in the control group at each measurement point. After controlling for maternal attitudes, LBW infant health education increased mothers’ infant care practices at 2, 6 and 12 weeks by 2.179, 2.803 and 2.981 points, respectively, and reduced infant morbidity. Six  weeks of health education had an effective impact on mothers’ home LBW infant care practices and infant health status.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the pathological aggregation and accumulation of tau oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Du Fang , Yu Qing , Kanaan Nicholas M , Yan Shirley ShiDu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tau oligomers (oTau) are thought to precede neurofibrillary tangle formation and likely represent one of the toxic species in disease. This study addresses whether mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to tau oligomer accumulation. First, we determined whether elevated oxidative stress correlates with aggregation of tau oligomers in the brain and platelets of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient, tauopathy mice, primary cortical neurons from tau mice and human trans-mitochondrial ‘cybrid’ (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells, whose mitochondria are derived from platelets of patients with sporadic AD- or mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-derived mitochondria. Increased formation of tau oligomers correlates with elevated ROS levels in the hippocampi of AD patients and tauopathy mice, AD- and MCI-derived mitochondria and AD and MCI cybrid cells. Furthermore, scavenging ROS by application of mito-TEMPO/2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, not only inhibits the generation of mitochondrial ROS and rescues mitochondrial respiratory function but also robustly suppresses tau oligomer accumulation in MCI and AD cybrids as well as cortical neurons from tau mice. These studies provide substantial evidence that mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress contributes to tau oligomer formation and accumulation.
Women, Peace and Security governance in the Asia–Pacific: a multi-scalar field of discourse and practice
Authors: Martel Stéphanie , Mustapha Jennifer , Sharma Sarah E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The UN's Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda is now over 20 years old, yet much of the Asia–Pacific has been slow to engage in formalized WPS work at national and regional scales. This article examines the relatively recent development of official WPS national action plans by Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea and Timor-Leste, alongside mounting collective efforts towards WPS governance by regional organizations like ASEAN. We demonstrate the existence of an emerging multi-scalar field of WPS discourse and practice in the Asia–Pacific, which is still in its formative stages and carries the potential for both convergence and contestation as actors work to navigate diverse approaches to WPS governance along various ‘tracks’. This article also points to the limitations of a rigidly formalized elite-driven WPS agenda that neglects well-established communities of practice in the Asia–Pacific. Ultimately, more attention needs to be paid to the complex dynamics that shape the ongoing postcolonial encounters between the broader WPS agenda and the localized historical and discursive contexts of regional WPS governance.
Germany in the Indo-Pacific region: strengthening the liberal order and regional security
Authors: Ulatowski Rafał 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the twenty-first century, the Indo-Pacific region became the focal point of great power competition. In 2020, Germany published its ‘Policy guidelines for the Indo-Pacific. Germany—Europe—Asia: shaping the twenty-first century together’. The publication of the Indo-Pacific guidelines and the deployment of frigate Bayern to the Indo-Pacific in early August 2021 offer a starting point for a discussion on a German grand strategy in the post-liberal world order. This article argues that the publication of the German Indo-Pacific guidelines and Germany's increased engagement in the region are a consequence of a change in how Germany perceives China. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the rise of China was seen as an opportunity for Germany, but this has changed, with China now increasingly seen as a threat to Germany's national interests. Consequently, Germany is strengthening its cooperation with like-minded countries in Asia and is engaging in soft balancing against China. Germany's Defence Minister Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer stops short of using the word alliance, calling for ‘an international network of like-minded countries’ and also stops short of declaring a containment strategy against China, saying that Germany works together with China where this is possible, but digs its heels in against China where it has to.
Detection of Gegen Adulteration Using Multiple Fingerprints Coupled With Chemometric Strategy
Authors: Huang Xian-Jun , Wan Mei-Xuan , Zhao Yuan , Duan Bao-Zhong , Xia Cong-Long , Xu Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The root of Pueraria montana var. lobata (gegen) is a well-known traditional Chinese medical herb, which is prone to be accidentally contaminated with Pueraria montana var. thomsonii, Pueraria wallichii, and Pueraria peduncularis due to the morphological character similarity. These adulterations might cause quality confusion and safety issues.

Objective
In this study, the screening technique to detect adulteration in gegen was developed using multiple fingerprints and chemometrics.

Method
A range of gegen samples and possible known adulterants including Pueraria montana var. thomsonii, Pueraria wallichii, and Pueraria peduncularis were collected. FT-IR and HPLC coupled with different chemometric techniques, including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), provide the qualitative chemometric models for gegen adulteration detection.

Results
FT-IR and HPLC combined with OPLS-DA successfully differentiated authentic gegen from adulterants. Both FT-IR and HPLC units can be used as alternative methods to traditional methods. The HPLC showed better performance in identifying samples than FT-IR.

Conclusions
The use of FT-IR and HPLC coupled with chemometrics could potentially be the proper selection method for the early quality evaluation of gegen. This method can be used to combat fraud in the herbal industry in the future.

Highlights
FT-IR and HPLC combined with chemometrics analysis were developed to discriminate between Pueraria lobata (gegen) and adulterants. The multiple fingerprints combined with multivariate methods were successfully applied to the study of the gegen and its adulterants. The chemometrics analysis using SA and OPLS-DA indicate significant differentiation in the chemical composition of these species. This research provides important chemotaxonomic references in species identification.
On the interplay between practical and statistical significance in equal employment cases
Authors: Gastwirth Joseph L , Miao Weiwen , Pan Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe distinction between statistical and practical significance often arises in the analysis of large data sets, where seemingly small disparities can reach statistical significance at the 0.05 level. In 2014, the opinion in Jones v. Boston created a split in the circuits when it relied solely on statistical significance. The opinion noted that there is no generally accepted definition of practical significance and that the phrase may simply mean that the person using the term views the disparity as substantial enough that a plaintiff should be able to sue. In July 2019, the Office of Federal Compliance Programs (OFCCP) proposed updated procedures for the way it considers both practical and statistical significance when reviewing the employment practices of government contractors.1 On 10 November 2020, the Agency issued its final rules, which downplayed the role of statistical significance.2 The main measures of practical significance mentioned in the notices OFCCP issued in the Federal Register or its Frequently Asked Questions guide3 as well as some other measures of practical significance that have been proposed are studied in this article. The results of the paper support the First Circuit and OFCCP in their views that there is no single measure of practical significance that can be recommended for use as the sole criterion for deciding whether the disparity has practical importance. Nevertheless, the paper includes an empirical guideline combining the odds ratio and difference between success rates to judge practical significance as well as recommendations for balancing Type I and Type II errors and their consequences in the context of the case in determining the level required for statistical significance.
GRB 191016A: The onset of the forward shock and evidence of late energy injection
Authors: Pereyra M , Fraija N , Watson A M , Becerra R L , Butler N R , De Colle F , Troja E , Dichiara S , Fraire-Bonilla E , Lee W H , Ramirez-Ruiz E , Bloom J S , Prochaska J X , Kutyrev A S , González J J , Richer M G 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe present optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometric observations of GRB 191016 with the COATLI,DDOTI, and RATIR ground-based telescopes over the first three nights. We present the temporal evolution of the optical afterglow and describe five different stages that were not completely characterized in previous works, mainly due to scarcity of data points to accurately fit the different components of the optical emission. After the end of the prompt gamma-ray emission, we observed the afterglow rise slowly in the optical and NIR wavelengths and peak at around T + 1450 s in all filters. This was followed by an early decay, a clear plateau from T + 5000 s to T + 11 000 s, and then a regular late decay. We also present evidence of the jet break at later times, with a temporal index in good agreement with the temporal slope obtained from X-ray observations. Although many of the features observed in the optical light curves of gamma-ray bursts are usually well explained by a reverse shock (RS) or forward shock (FS), the shallowness of the optical rise and enhanced peak emission in the GRB 191016A afterglow is not well fitted by only a FS or a RS. We propose a theoretical model which considers both of these components and combines an evolving FS with a later embedded RS and a subsequent late energy injection from the central engine activity. We use this model to successfully explain the temporal evolution of the light curves and discuss its implications on the fireball properties.
Non-parametric spherical Jeans mass estimation with B-splines
Authors: Rehemtulla Nabeel , Valluri Monica , Vasiliev Eugene 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTSpherical Jeans modelling is widely used to estimate mass profiles of systems from star clusters to galactic stellar haloes to clusters of galaxies. It derives the cumulative mass profile, M(&lt;r), from kinematics of tracers of the potential under the assumptions of spherical symmetry and dynamical equilibrium. We consider the application of Jeans modelling to mapping the dark matter distribution in the outer reaches of the Milky Way using field halo stars. We present a novel non-parametric routine for solving the spherical Jeans equation by fitting B-splines to the velocity and density profiles of halo stars. While most implementations assume parametric forms for these profiles, B-splines provide non-parametric fitting curves with analytical derivatives. Our routine recovers the mass profiles of equilibrium systems with flattened haloes or a stellar disc and bulge excellently (${\lesssim} 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ error at most radii). Tests with non-equilibrium, Milky Way-like galaxies from the Latte suite of the Feedback In Realistic Environments model 2 (FIRE-2) simulations perform quite well (${\lesssim} 15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ error for r$\lesssim$ 100 kpc). We also create observationally motivated data sets for the Latte suite by imposing selection functions and errors on phase-space coordinates characteristic of Gaia and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Milky Way Survey. The resulting imprecise and incomplete data require us to introduce a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-based subroutine to obtain deconvolved density and velocity dispersion profiles from the tracer population. With these observational effects taken into account, the accuracy of the Jeans mass estimate remains at the level 20 per cent or better.
Sr v–vi line widths in hot white dwarf atmospheres
Authors: Aloui Rihab , Elabidi Haykel , Sahal-Bréchot Sylvie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Missing Stark widths for 37 spectral lines of strontium ions (17 Sr v lines and 20 Sr vi lines) have been calculated using a quantum-mechanical method. Twenty-three spectral lines of Sr v have been recently discovered, for the first time, in the ultraviolet spectrum of the hot white dwarf RE 0503−289. This recent discovery prompts us to calculate the Stark widths of the new lines. These calculations can fill the lack of the data base STARK-B and can be used to investigate the observed spectra in such stars. To perform the line broadening calculations, preliminary structure and collision calculations have been carried out using the sequence of the University College London codes (superstructure, distorted wave, and jajom). Results for the 37 lines are provided for different electron temperatures and at density Ne = 1017 cm−3. These results will enter the STARK-B data base, which is a node of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center. We hope that the obtained results will be useful for the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium modelling of stellar atmospheres.