bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewal and Reform for a Post-Karzai Afghanistan: A Critical Appraisal of the 2004 Constitution
Authors: Batchelor Daud AbdulFattah 
Published: January 2022

With elections being held in May 2014 for a new president and in 2015 for National Assembly representatives, the opportunity exists then for amending the 2004 Afghan Constitution. The necessity exists for amendment from different perspectives; firstly because the experience of implementation over the past 10 years has highlighted some weaknesses requiring rectification, and secondly, the Taliban, a key player in the Afghan polity, rejects it as not being sufficiently Islamic. This is partly a consequence of the occupiers imposing their will during its original crafting. The excessive powers wielded by Karzai in the executive arm and the need to provide more inclusive representation in governance of such a multi-ethnic country suggest a parliamentarian system would have merits over the current presidential system. Facility is needed to ensure that any person the Afghan Human Rights Commission justly determines has committed or ordered crimes against humanity should be barred from running for any political office. Proposed election reforms would ensure a truly Independent Elections Commission, as well as synchronising expensive national and provincial elections so as to reduce election costs and security issues. To resolve current jurisdictional issues of the Supreme Court and the Independent Commission for Supervision of the Implementation of the Constitution regarding resolving constitutional issues, it is proposed that the former is provided these interpretative powers while the latter becomes a research institute, especially to enhance the understanding of what is required for Afghanistan to become an “Islamic” Republic. Specific recommendations are provided herein on what principles and features should be included in the Afghan constitution to characterise and develop it as an Islamic republic. Proposals for strengthening the role of Islamic Shariah include firstly, clarifying the role of ‘ahkam’ in the repugnancy clauses, sourcing rulings from other than the Hanafi madhhab, and expanding the applicability of the Shariah outside the courts to which it is currently restricted by the Constitution. A policy recommendation is made for the holding of a Constitutional Loya Jirga to deliberate upon various amendment proposals and the adoption of new clauses as an exercise in peace-building and stabilisation, especially involving the Taliban who would need to be fairly represented, protected, and have their views heard and considered in the constitutional amendment process.
The Significance of Hijrah in Islam
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

Hijrah, migration or exodus, initially of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions from Mecca to Yathrib (later renamed Madinah), features prominently in the Qur’an and the teachings and Sunnah of the Prophet himself. The Prophet and his followers migrated, after thirteen years of campaign in Mecca on 1 Rabi’ al-Awwal/13 September 622 AD, arriving in Yathrib 11 days later on 24 September. The commemoration of the Hijri calendar was instituted, however, seventeen years later by the second caliph, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644). The new calendar dates from the first day of the first lunar month of the year, that is, Awwal Muharram. Although ‘Umar instituted the official era, the custom of referring to events and happenings to before or after the Hijrah originated with the Prophet himself.
Conforming or Confirming? The Task of Muslim Intelligentsia
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas 
Published: January 2022

Religious Traditions flourish over time in the forms their adherents re-live and re-imagine them. By this creative historical process great religions have continually adapted themselves, successive generations reshaping and transforming received Tradition. And religion still holds the power to re-shape individuals and to transform the human existence we share in common. “To re-live or to re-imagine inherited religious traditions” - what does this mean in the age of pervasive globalisation? The great majority of religious adherents are convinced that their own doctrinal faith tradition has maintained its original integrity reaching them essentially unaltered with a pristine efficacy continuing to function as it did over centuries. For most religious persons Truth is ever one and the same, it does not change fashionably with the times but retains eternal validity with its original format. Our responsibility is to conform to this unchanging truth - not to realise its confirmation in one’s direct experience.
Лев Урало-Казахстанских степей… (Памяти Л.Л. Гайдученко)
Authors: Лошакова Татьяна Николаевна , Шевнина Ирина Викторовна 
Published: January 2022

В статье кратко излагаются основные вехи творческого пути известного археозоолога ‑ Леонида Леонидовича Гайдученко. В научной среде имя Л.Л. Гайдученко связано с исследованием памятников древней истории в аспекте решения проблем палеоэкологии, эволюции хозяйственной деятельности, развития древних технологий в Урало-Казахстанских степях. В хронологическом отношении изученные им комплексы охватывают период эпохи камня и палеометалла. Среди памятников, материалы которых изучал Л.Л. Гайдученко, можно назвать палеолитические местонахождения на оз. Маралды в Северо-Восточном Казахстане, верхнепалеолитическую стоянку на Иртыше, стоянку Токтаул, поселения Кожай 1, Ботай, Кумкешу 1, Борлы, Токсанбай, Конезавод I, Талдысай и Донгал, могильники Халвай и Таксай 1. Особого внимания заслуживает разработанная им авторская методика по изучению пригаров на сосудах и изучение вопроса освоения пищевых ресурсов древним населением. О широте интересов Л.Л. Гайдученко свидетельствует проведенные им эксперименты по реконструкции древних технологий плавки меди и разработка проблемы сложения жертвенных комплексов могильника Бестамак. О признании научного наследия Л.Л. Гайдученко и его высоких человечествах качествах свидетельствуют воспоминания коллег.
История открытия и изучения первого манихейского храма в Сибири. Часть 2
Authors: Кызласов Игорь Леонидович 
Published: January 2022

Данная статья – продолжение первой части, опубликованной в предыдущем номере журнала. Полевой опыт, полученный при раскопках культовых зданий на городище Ак-Бешим в Кыргызстане в 1953–1954 гг., был перенесен Л.Р. Кызласовым в Южную Сибирь и успешно применен в 1971–1981 гг. Был обнаружен и изучен первый манихейский храм в котловине Соргá (Хакасия), а затем и целая серия подобных сакральных построек в низовьях р. Уйбат, которая уже с 1974 г. раскапывалась в течение 8-ми полевых сезонов. Проведение крупномасштабных, длительных раскопочных работ во втором обнаруженном храмово-монастырском центре, обработка их результатов и постоянный сравнительный и обобщающий анализ всех материалов, полученных полевыми исследованиями, с годами привели к точному религиозному определению всех 12-ти изученных храмов и святилищ. Определяющими оказались идущие из древности взгляды, проявившиеся в храмовом зодчестве, – почитание 7 небесных светил привело к выработке и канонизации архитектурно-планиграфического символизма культовых сооружений. Они отличались по форме для каждого из этих небесных тел и сакрально значимых космических явлений. Перечень геометрического многообразия планировок манихейских храмов, содержащийся в сочинении ал-Масуди (Х в.), удалось подтвердить и дополнить свидетельствами аш-Шахристани (XII в.) и ад-Димешки (XIV в.). Эти данные позволили Л.Р. Кызласову во всех основных деталях понять встреченное им при раскопках ранее невиданное разнообразие устройства храмовых зданий и святилищ обоих культовых центров Хакасии. Тогда и поныне манихейские храмы были и остаются неизвестными археологам – наука о древностях раскрыла совершенно новую страницу не только в сибиреведении, но и в тюркологическом востоковедении в целом.
Иерархия общества раннего железного века Западного Казахстана по материалам комплекса Жайык (VI–IV вв. до н.э.)
Authors: Лукпанова Яна Амангелдиевна 
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию мужских захоронений из кургана № 1 могильника Жайык-1, исследованного в полевом сезоне 2019 г. Раскопки были запланированы в связи с проектированием комплекса «Городище Жайык». Курганная группа Жайык-1 состояла из трех земляных насыпей и была расположена на некрополе городища Жайык. Курган № 1 был разрушен тяжелой техникой, на периферии кургана № 2 сооружены ворота, курган № 3 – засыпан мусором. В результате археологических исследований в кургане № 1, окруженном кольцевым рвом с обозначенным входом с южной стороны, было изучено 14 погребений. К западу от центральной могилы были погребены женщины – пять комплексов, с восточной стороны мужчины – восемь, два в центральном погребении. Всего 15 индивидов, которые были погребены в ямах, расположенных полукольцом вокруг центральной ямы, основная их часть ориентирована головой на Ю, ЮЗ, ЮВ Полученный материал разновременный, отложившийся на протяжении нескольких веков от V–IV до IV–III вв. до н.э. Мужские захоронения в отличие от женских со скромным вещевым набором, три погребения из восьми принадлежат воинам, одно погребение ребенку. Их статус был выше по отношению к другим мужским захоронениям в кургане. Один индивид захоронен вниз животом, скелет другого взрослого человека погребен на дне рва и обезглавлен. Результаты исследования кургана № 1 показали перспективность исследования данного памятника, выявили ряд вопросов по археологии ранних кочевников эпохи железа, выделяя проблемы социальной организации, иерархии общества.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Student Team Achievement Division Berbantuan Media Power of Vision Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia
Authors: Safitri Lisnawati , Rungkat Jovialine A. 
Published: January 2022

Proses pembelajaran IPA saat ini masih terfokus pada guru, dimana belum menggunakan model pembelajaran yang membuat siswa aktif dan media pembelajaran yang menarik sehingga siswa merasa bosan ketika belajar dan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan media Power of Vision (PV) terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi sistem pernapasan manusia, dengan menggunakan metode quasi experimental design dan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII yang terdiri dari 3 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling dan terambil 2 kelas dengan jumlah masing-masing 20 siswa, kelas VIIIA sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas eksperimen. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan memberikan pretest sebelum proses pembelajaran dilaksanakan dan posttest setelah proses pembelajaran dilaksanakan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh berupa nilai rata-rata hasil posttest kelas eksperimen adalah 87 sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata hasil posttest adalah 76. Setelah di uji hipotesis (uji-t) diperoleh hasil thitung = 4,60 > ttabel = 1,685 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model STAD berbantuan media PV lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-MECÂNICA DA MADEIRA DE Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.
Authors: Schneider Souza Rodrigo Otávio , Hoffmann de Oliveira Laura , Gorski Luciane , Valcorte Guilherme , Rodrigues Roubuste Roberta , Haselein Clóvis Roberto 
Published: January 2022

O uso da madeira de espécies nativas pode ser visto como alternativa de renda para produtores rurais, no entanto ainda existe uma grande lacuna a ser preenchida pelas instituições de pesquisa a respeito das características dessa a fim de embasar sua utilização. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou caracterizar as propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Para tanto, foram utilizadas neste estudo exemplares da espécie Dodanaea viscosa, conhecida popularmente como faxina vermelha ou vassoura-vermelha, com aproximadamente quinze anos de idade. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados seguindo as dimensões descritas nas respectivas normas de cada ensaio. Após a confecção, os mesmos foram acondicionados em câmara climatizada a uma temperatura de 20°C e 65% de umidade relativa, onde permaneceram até atingirem umidade de equilíbrio de 12%. Posteriormente, foram avaliados: massa específica aparente, flexão estática, flexão dinâmica e dureza Janka. A partir dos resultados obtidos neste estudo, pode-se perceber que a madeira de Dodonaea viscosa pode ser classificada como de alta densidade, possui bom desempenho nas propriedades mecânicas, como módulo de ruptura, módulo de elasticidade, dureza Janka e resistência ao impacto. Além disso, apresenta alto valor de cota dinâmica, caracterizando-a como uma madeira resiliente.
A FORMAÇÃO E TRANS-FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR NA BUSCA DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO LIBERTADORA
Authors: Massuchetto Tanice , Sarraff Elizangela , Fagundes Maurício 
Published: January 2022

A divisão de classes que se estabelece nas sociedades capitalistas, historicamente, tem refletido nos princípios político-filosóficos de suas organizações. A escola, enquanto instituição social, também pode ter seus princípios instituídos pelas camadas dominantes, impondo seus propósitos às estruturas, como mecanismo de reprodução e manutenção de seus privilégios. Este ensaio tem por objetivo problematizar ação e a formação permanente do professor em uma perspectiva libertadora. Evidencia a importância dos princípios da educação popular e da pedagogia freireana como aporte para a construção de processos de emancipação do professor e de uma educação libertadora. A metodologia da pesquisa que orientou este trabalho foi de base qualitativa e bibliográfica, fundamentando-se, principalmente, na obra de Paulo Freire. Investiga e problematiza os princípios da educação popular e da pedagogia freireana por meio da abordagem crítico-dialética. Evidencia-se que a educação popular permite a superação da educação bancária e propicia o processo da práxis. Constata-se que, ao assumir a práxis, o professor é inserido em um processo de formação e transformação permanentes, visto que é capaz de refletir sobre sua prática, teorizá- la para, então, se tornar um agente transformador da realidade. Percebe-se também, que do mesmo modo, a formação permanente do docente, dentro da perspectiva freireana, só sairá do plano da verbalização ou da desesperança quando houver uma proposta assentada na realidade concreta e nas múltiplas relações que a constituem, para assim, lendo o mundo, possa agir na perspectiva de sua transformação.Palavras-chave: educação popular; formação permanente; práxis.
Pemulihan akidah bagi kes-kes permohonan keluar agama Islam di mahkamah syariah
Authors: Dimon Zanariah 
Published: January 2022

Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia mempunyai bidang kuasa eksklusif dalam memutuskan perkara-perkara berkaitan persoalan akidah dan status agama. Bidang kuasa ini bertujuan mengekang gejala ajaran sesat dan murtad dalam kalangan orang Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, amalan istitabah bagi kes-kes permohonan keluar agama Islam masih kurang jelas di peringkat negeri. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis prosedur selepas penerimaan permohonan keluar agama Islam di Mahkamah Syariah dan proses istitabah yang diperintahkan kepada pemohon sebelum Mahkamah Syariah membuat keputusan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen dengan membuat tinjauan khusus terhadap peruntukan undang-undang dan kes-kes permohonan keluar agama Islam serta modul pemulihan di pusat pemulihan akidah. Hasil kajian mendapati amalan istitabah dibuat dalam bentuk kaunseling akidah atau tahanan di pusat pemulihan akidah bergantung kepada perintah hakim Mahkamah Syariah selepas penerimaan kes-kes permohonan status agama. Tiada peruntukan undang-undang yang jelas dan seragam mengenai perintah taubat (istitabah) di peringkat negeri. Implikasi dan beberapa cadangan untuk penambahbaikan amalan istitabah ini juga diberikan.
Analisis Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (SLR) Berkaitan Penterjemahan Elemen Iltifāt
Authors: Kamal Muhammad Hakim , Hussin Mohamad 
Published: January 2022

Translation studies have increasingly become popular among researchers. However, the strategies of translating iltifāt elements which are known to affect the understanding of a given text have not received much attention. This is due to the perceived complexity and difficulty of translating iltifāt by many scholars. However, its translation strategies do require improvement so as to avoid confusion among target text readers. This study presents a systematic literature analysis on the translation of iltifāt elements with the aims of integrating previous findings and identifying new research areas. This qualitative study applies a document analysis approach and a systematic literature review (SLR). This analysis focuses on the reviewed studies’ backgrounds, issues, methods and findings. The results show that previous studies in general tend to focus on the corpus of the sacral text which is the Quran, particularly on iltifāt ḍamīr (reference switching) and its English translation strategies. The findings also show that the problems arising from previous studies can be resolved by applying efficient translation strategies. Therefore, future research in Arabic-Malay translation that aims to produce equivalent translation strategies in regards to iltifāt ḍamir elements should be emphasized.

ABSTRAK
Kajian mengenai penterjemahan semakin berkembang dan mendapat tumpuan dalam kalangan para pengkaji. Namun begitu, strategi penterjemahan elemen iltifāt yang memberi kesan kepada makna sesuatu teks kurang diberi perhatian. Hal ini kerana kebanyakan sarjana berpendapat bahawa elemen iltifāt adalah rumit dan sukar untuk diterjemahkan. Walau bagaimanapun, strategi penterjemahannya perlu dimantapkan agar makna elemen iltifāt tidak menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan pembaca teks sasaran. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada literatur berkaitan penterjemahan elemen iltifāt dalam kajian terdahulu dan mengintegrasikan penemuan kajian lepas bagi meneroka cadangan isu baharu untuk dikaji. Kajian kualitatif ini menerapkan reka bentuk analisis dokumen dan berpandukan tinjauan literatur sistematik (systematic literature review, SLR) sebagai landasan. Analisis ini memfokuskan kepada latar belakang kajian, permasalahan, metode dan dapatan kajian terdahulu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kajian-kajian lepas lebih menumpukan korpus teks kudus iaitu al-Quran yang berkisar tentang elemen iltifāt ḍamīr dan strategi penterjemahannya ke dalam bahasa Inggeris. Dapatan juga menunjukkan bahawa permasalahan yang timbul daripada kajian-kajian lepas dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan strategi penterjemahan tertentu. Oleh yang demikian, kajian penterjemahan Arab-Melayu yang memfokuskan kepada usaha menghasilkan strategi penterjemahan yang sepadan dalam menterjemah elemen iltifāt ḍamīr wajar diketengahkan.
التدخل اللغوي لدى طلبة المدارس الثانوية الماليزية في مسابقة صناعة الأفلام القصيرة الناطقة بالعربية
Authors: Hasan Yaakob Hasan , Zaini Abdul Razif , Haji Ibrahim Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

ISESCO Educational Centre in Malaysia (ISESCO Malaysia), in collaboration with the Islamic Education Department of Ministry of Education, Malaysia, offers various annual language activities to improve the level of Arabic language usage among secondary school students in Malaysia. One of the languages activities organised by ISESCO Malaysia annually, is an Arabic Short Film Competition. It is noticeable that there are variety of Arabic language usage errors appeared in the videos presented, including those resulting from language interference effect. Some of these errors are often repeated by students, believing that it is a sound of Arabic language. This study therefore, conducted to examine the errors of language interference effect and its causes among Arabic learners in Malaysia’s secondary school. The study has followed the descriptive approach to analyse these errors. The study found that linguistic errors among Arabic students in Malaysian secondary schools resulted from language interference effect of their mother tongue; by literally translating it, following the culture and rules, as well as lack of knowledge of the rules of the language and culture of the Arabic language. This study proposed an appropriate action to solve the problems using educational approach.
Morphological Appearance Manifolds in Computational Anatomy: Groupwise Registration and Morphological Analysis
Authors: Lian Nai-xiang , Davatzikos Christos 
Published: January 2022

The ﬁeld of computational anatomy has developed rigorous frameworks for analyzing anatomical shape, based on diffeomorphic transformations of a template. However, differences in algorithms used for template warping, in regularization parameters, and in the template itself, lead to different representations of the same anatomy. Variations of these parameters are considered as confounding factors. Recently, extensions of the conventional computational anatomy framework to account for such confounding variations has shown that learning the equivalence class derived from the multitude of representations can lead to improved and more stable morphological descriptors. Herein, we follow that approach, estimating the morphological appearance manifold obtained by varying parameters of the template warping procedure. Our approach parallels work in the computer vision ﬁeld, in which variations lighting, pose and other parameters leads to image appearance manifolds representing the exact same ﬁgure in different ways. The proposed framework is then used for groupwise registration and statistical analysis of biomedical images, by employing a minimum variance criterion to perform manifold-constrained optimization, i.e. to traverse each individual’s morphological appearance manifold until all individuals’ representations come as close to each other as possible. Eﬀectively, this process removes the aforementioned confounding eﬀects and potentially leads to morphological representations reﬂecting purely biological variations, instead of variations introduced by modeling assumptions and parameter settings. The nonlinearity of a morphological appearance manifold is treated via local approximations of the manifold via PCA.
On the Generation of Ground Truth Data for Depth Reconstruction
Authors: Staub Christoph , Haider Andreas , Grimm Markus , Knoll Alois 
Published: January 2022

Acquiring data sets for stereo or multi-view reconstruction with known ground truth is costly and time consuming. Freely available data sets mostly focus on specific scene conditions and might not reflect the intended application scenario. We propose a GPU accelerated ray tracing framework that allows to generate realistic images with adjustable camera properties and projection geometry. Due to the nature of ray tracing, ground truth data can easily be obtained. The system also supports projectors as used e.g. for structured light systems. This facilitates to study interaction effects between different pattern designs, camera and projector properties, as well as the utilized reconstruction algorithm.