bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About Legal Policy in the Field of Formation and Implementation Online Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Civil and Administrative Court Proceedings
Authors: Afanasiev S. F. 
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the legal policy of the countries of the Council of Europe in the ﬁeld of the formation and subsequent implementation of new mechanisms for online dispute resolution in civil and administrative proceedings. In this regard, the guidelines for the use of such mechanisms (which are set out in the relevant Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe) are discussed in detail in the ﬁeld of access to justice, equality of arms, evidence and evidence, trial and informed decision, as well as the right to review it. ... Attention is focused on the need to ensure the compatibility of such mechanisms with the key principles of a fair trial and eﬀective remedies set out in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, including the principles of publicity, transparency, directness, oral hearing and equality of persons involved in a case.A separate place is given to the problem of using online dispute resolution mechanisms in Russian civil and administrative proceedings. It is noted that today the domestic legislator, as part of the development of its own legal policy agenda, increasingly integrates innovative digital communication methods into the activities of the subjects of procedural legal relations. In particular, in the near future, along with video conferencing, the legislator will allow courts of general and arbitration jurisdiction to use web conferencing as an authentic technology for organizing online meetings and collaboration in real time via the Internet. All this creates a fertile ground for borrowing the positive world experience of introducing the latest mechanisms for online resolution of civil and administrative cases by the justice authorities, taking into account the inviolability of high standards of a fair trial.
Coping with Stress and Burnout in the Physical Education Teaching Profession
Authors: Brudnik-Dąbrowska Maria , Noworol Czesław 
Published: March 2022

The article describes a study of coping strategies of Physical Education (PE) teachers and their role in the process of burning out. It highlights the role of gender differences in coping strategies.
Female PE teachers apply mostly coping strategies like Fighting, Social support, wishful thinking, alleviation of outcomes, and Assuming responsibility, actions following the plan. They use the least likely Distancing.
Male PE teachers frequently use the strategies Concentration on the task, actions following the plan, and Fighting. Successively, they use Accepting responsibility, and the least likely Reduction of tension.
Some strategies derived in the research effectively cope with burnout in the PE teaching occupation and others are ineffective and may even lead to a depersonalized treatment of students.
FABRIZIO MARRELLA. Manuale di Diritto del commercio internazionale
Authors: Carrascosa González Javier 
Published: March 2022

Este artículo reseña: Fabrizio Marrella, Manuale di Diritto. Del commercio internazionale. SecondaEdizione, Cedam, Milano, 2020, 936 pp. ISBN 9788813373672
Accuracy of Stereovision-Updated Versus Preoperative CT-Based Image Guidance in Multilevel Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement
Authors: Fan Xiaoyao , Mirza Sohail K. , Li Chen , Evans Linton T. , Ji Songbai , Paulsen Keith D. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Change in vertebral position between preoperative imaging and the surgical procedure reduces the accuracy of image-guided spinal surgery, requiring repeated imaging and surgical field registration, a process that takes time and exposes patients to additional radiation. We developed a handheld, camera-based, deformable registration system (intraoperative stereovision, iSV) to register the surgical field automatically and compensate for spinal motion during surgery without further radiation exposure.

Methods:
We measured motion-induced errors in image-guided lumbar pedicle screw placement in 6 whole-pig cadavers using state-of-the-art commercial spine navigation (StealthStation; Medtronic) and iSV registration that compensates for intraoperative vertebral motion. We induced spinal motion by using preoperative computed tomography (pCT) of the lumbar spine performed in the supine position with accentuated lordosis and performing surgery with the animal in the prone position. StealthStation registration of pCT occurred using metallic fiducial markers implanted in each vertebra, and iSV data were acquired to perform a deformable registration between pCT and the surgical field. Sixty-eight pedicle screws were placed in 6 whole-pig cadavers using iSV and StealthStation registrations in random order of vertebral level, relying only on image guidance without invoking the surgeon’s judgment. The position of each pedicle screw was assessed with post-procedure CT and confirmed via anatomical dissection. Registration errors were assessed on the basis of implanted fiducials.

Results:
The frequency and severity of pedicle screw perforation were lower for iSV registration compared with StealthStation (97% versus 68% with Grade 0 medial perforation for iSV and StealthStation, respectively). Severe perforation occurred only with StealthStation (18% versus 0% for iSV). The overall time required for iSV registration (computational efficiency) was ∼10 to 15 minutes and was comparable with StealthStation registration (∼10 min). The mean target registration error was smaller for iSV relative to StealthStation (2.81 ± 0.91 versus 8.37 ± 1.76 mm).

Conclusions:
Pedicle screw placement was more accurate with iSV registration compared with state-of-the-art commercial navigation based on preoperative CT when alignment of the spine changed during surgery.

Clinical Relevance:
The iSV system compensated for intervertebral motion, which obviated the need for repeated vertebral registration while providing efficient, accurate, radiation-free navigation during open spinal surgery.
RESPONSE OF THE OLIGO-MIOCENE BIVALVE FAUNA OF THE KUTCH BASIN (WESTERN INDIA) TO REGIONAL TECTONIC EVENTS
Authors: DUTTA SAURAV , CHATTOPADHYAY DEVAPRIYA 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTTectonic changes have influenced the evolution of the marine community by changing the land and seaway configuration through time. Two such events during the Oligo-Miocene—the closure of the Tethyan seaway due to development of the Gomphotherium Landbridge leading to separation of the Arabian Sea from proto-Mediterranean Sea (∼ 19 Ma) and significant uplift of the Tibetan Plateau marking the initiation of the monsoon (∼ 16 Ma)—represent a classic case of tectonic shift influencing the regional environment of the Indian subcontinent. We investigated the taxonomic and body-size related response of the shallow marine fauna to this regional change using bivalves from 11 time-constrained shellbeds of the Kutch Basin (western India) from three formations—Maniyara Fort (Chattian), Khari Nadi (Aquitanian) and Chhasra (Burdigalian-Langian) representing a time span of ∼ 9 Ma (24.4–15 Ma).Our collection of over 2000 individuals represents a total of 15 families and 61 morphospecies. The fossils are predominantly calcitic in nature and families of aragonitic composition are often preserved as molds indicating a potential negative effect of diagenesis. The taphonomic nature, however, does not vary substantially across shellbeds and hence, less likely produced a temporal pattern. The five most abundant species, Ostrea latimarginata, Ostrea angulata, Talochlamys articulata, Anomia primaeva, and Placuna lamellata occur in all the formations. The species composition of the Maniyara Fort Formation is substantially different from those of the younger formations, implying the possible effect of biogeographic separation. The absence of proto-Mediterranean taxa in Oligocene shellbeds supports limited faunal exchange between the Mediterranean-Iranian Province (MIP) and the western Indian Province (WIP) as early as ∼ 24.4 Ma (Chattian). Faunal exchange, however, continued between the WIP and the adjacent Eastern African-Arabian Province (EAAP). Formation-specific evenness shows a monotonic decrease from the Maniyara Fort to the Chhasra Formation. However, shellbed-specific analyses of diversity and body size do not show a strong directional trend through time and supports the stasis model. Although it is difficult to rule out the negative influence of taphonomy on the diversity of the studied fauna, the Oligo-Miocene marine bivalve fauna of the Kutch Basin demonstrates little or no influence of the Tethyan closure and Himalayan upliftment on the diversity through time.
Synthesis and Application of a Low Formation Damage Clay Stabilizer
Authors: Liang Lei , Wang Yanling , Liu Bin , Li Yongfei , Tang Longhao , Bai Baojun , Zhang Ye 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To develop a low formation damage clay stabilizer, a kind of organic polyether amine clay stabilizer (OPACS) was synthesized. Compared with the commercial clay stabilizers, the application performance of the OPACS was investigated.
OPACS was synthesized with 1, 2-propanediol, 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane and ammonia as main raw materials. The molecular structure of OPACS were characterized by FTIR and NMR, and its anti-swelling performance was tested by centrifugation. Other performance, including its temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, elution resistance and etc., were also researched. Different permeability cores were used to test the formation damage of OPACS, and its anti-swelling mechanism was studied by SEM.
The FTIR and NMR spectra showed that the expected product structure was synthesized. When the clay stabilizer was adding with 2.0 wt.%, the anti-swelling rate of OPACS was over 90% which was better than the commercial clay stabilizers (about 80%) we bought. At the temperature range of 20 °C-120 °C and the pH range of 2-12, the anti-swelling rate of OPACS changed less than 2.5%. In the long-term efficacy test, the elution recovery rate of OPACS was higher than 92% within the concentration between 0.5 wt.%-3.0 wt.%. Natural cores with different permeability were selected for core flow experiments. The test results showed that the permeability recovery rate of cores were more than 95% treated with OPACS, which meant the formation damage value was less than 5%. From the SEM of clay treated with different clay stabilizers, we could find out the structure of clay treated with OPACS was more compact than those treated with other stabilizers we bought. These results have shown that OPACS can effectively inhibit the water absorption swelling of clay and recovery formation damage, which are helpful to the EOR and friendly to the environment.
Leveraging 3D High Resolution PSDM Data Volumes for Early Geohazard Detection
Authors: Lagomarsino Daniela , Fornari Matteo , Barbieri Chiara , Ciccarone Tommaso , Lomartire Alessandro , Norelli Emilio , Rosa Dario 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The exploiting of High Resolution (HR) Pre Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) 3D seismic volumes, normally used for Oil & Gas exploration, has been pushed forward in geomorphological and geohazard risk evaluation. The novel approach proposed here allows to carry out such activities very early in respect of the standard work flow. Early awareness of critical areas turns out to be crucial in fast-tracking projects and allows a design to cost optimization.
The 3D HR PSDM outputs are processed in order to generate a detailed imaging of the shallower portion of the seismic volumes. The volumes are processed at a 2 meters depth interval and converted in time (DTT). Finally, a dedicated post migration time processing sequence, followed by time-to-depth conversion, is applied to generate a Higher Resolution Volume (HRV) in depth domain. The resulting 3D volume is then analyzed to study the seabed and the sub-bottom from a geomorphological standpoint. The analyses focus on the identification and mapping of the distribution of the "areas of instability" eventually classified according to a specific KPI (Safety Factor Index in static conditions), providing a quantitative slope stability assessment of the area.
The new approach has been validated comparing the DTM (Digital Topographic Model) derived from the 3D HR PSDM volume and the available MBES (Multi Beam Echo Sounder) bathymetry.
The proposed approach leads to a dramatic improvement in the detection capability, highlighting the major critical structures such as: canyon flanks, buried slides, creeps and tension cracks on the shelf break, boulders and compacted sediments, sediment banks and sediment waves reshaped by bottom currents, pockmark areas and fluid escapes, turbidity mass movements and furrows due to tectonic activities. The approach matches perfectly the detection capability of a traditional MBES approach.
The described workflow is potentially highly beneficial for early de-risking assets and operations, especially for facilities installation. The proposed innovative approach allows a detailed planning of dedicated data acquisition campaigns, restricted to the most critical areas, with a tangible reduction in the turnaround times and cost savings crucial for project economics.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Water Alternating Gas Recovery Mechanisms in a Giant Middle East Field
Authors: Schreiber Pierre-Edouard , Osorio Ochoa Andrea , Hild Jean-Claude , Prinet Catherine , Bourgeois Marcel , Kumar Amit , Bartolome Pablo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper is based on a study performed on an offshore Middle East field. The field is a giant complex mostly carbonate oil field, which is characterized by a thin oil column, a low permeability associated with fractures, a large transition zone and a lateral variation in fluid properties. Even after an extensive and efficient water-flood development, there are substantial amounts of oil remaining in the reservoir due to the highly oil-wet nature of the rock. Various Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have been envisaged to enhance oil production. The most mature one is the immiscible hydrocarbon Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection. This High Pressure (HP)-WAG project started in September 2012 after the encouraging results of the continuous Low Pressure (LP) gas injection trial performed in 2008.
This paper presents the latest analysis of the performances of this HP-WAG project. The HP-WAG project performances is evaluated through (i) the oil gain (versus a water-flood baseline), (ii) the water injectivity evolution over the WAG cycles, (iii) the gas management and (iv) the well and surface integrity. The paper also aims to share the methodology for analyzing the contribution of the main mechanisms occurring over the WAG cycles: the oil-gas interaction mechanisms and the desaturation mechanisms. The oil-gas interactions that occur in immiscible gas injection cases lead to significant long-lasting WAG effects thanks to both the swelling effects that continue even once the oil is saturated and a permanent mobility ratio improvement. The contribution of both macroscopic and microscopic oil desaturation is also described and quantified in this paper.
The work presented in this paper has evidenced the HP-WAG technique benefits and has improved the understanding of the impacts of the main mechanism occurring in the reservoir. This knowledge paved the way towards more extensive WAG deployment on the field. It also emphasized the need of laboratory experiments to calibrate the three-phase models and the absolute need of compositional models to capture the entire WAG benefits even in immiscible gas injection cases.
Recent Advances of Polymer Flooding in China
Authors: Guo Hu , Lyu Xiuqin , Xu Yang , Liu Shaopeng , Zhang Yuxuan , Zhao Fengxiang , Wang Zhengbo , Tang Engao , Yang Zhaopeng , Liu Huifeng , Song Kaoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polymer flooding is one of the most promising chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques which have high incremental oil recovery factor (IORF), low cost and wide reservoir applicability. The first field test of polymer flooding was reported in the United States in 1960s. The first large commercial polymer flooding in China started in Daqing oilfield, which has been remained the largest application in the world. However, encouraged by the conventional field applications and new findings of polymer's viscoelasticity effect on residual oil saturation (ROS) reduction, some high concentration high molecular weight polymer flooding (HCHMW) field tests have been conducted and reported. Although some field tests were well documented, subsequent progress was seldom reported. According to a recent review of latest polymer flooding projects in China, it is found that HCHMW have only very limited application in Daqing. This is not in agreement with the expectations especially that viscoelastivity of synthetic partically hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is drawing much attention recently. This paper explains why HCHMW is not widely used at present. Different opinions on polymer's viscoelasticity effect on ROS reduction are also critically reviewed. Other field progress of salt-tolerance polymer flooding tests and new amphiphilic polymer tests in Daqing were summarized. Associative polymer (APs) commercial application in offshore reservoirs and some new polymers used in China were also involved. Risk of high polymer injection pressure, optimum viscosity ratio, blocking mechanism, and capillary number theory are discussed. Learnings from many polymer flooding field applications has been given. In the end, quaternary recovery practices in post-polymer flooding reservoirs were compared. This paper helps to clarify some misleading ideas in polymer flooding implementations based on theory and practices of polymer flooding in China.
Interpretation of the Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Pilot in West Salym Using Tracers
Authors: Karpan Volodimir , de Reus Jasper , van Batenburg Diederik , Mikhaylenko Egor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) pilot was executed in the West Salym oil field in the Russian West-Siberian oil province. To successfully interpret the project outcome an extensive surveillance plan was put in place. A tracer program formed an important, stand-alone part of the plan. Tracers injection was designed and executed to evaluate the incremental oil production due to ASP injection by using A) change in volume swept between the pilot wells and B) change in oil saturations due to ASP flooding. This paper focusses on the practical aspects of the tracer program execution and how the tracer program results were used for the interpretation of the pilot.
The West Salym reservoir is a sandstone formation with 83°C temperature, 2 cP crude oil viscosity, permeabilities ranging from 10 to 250 mD and porosity ranging from 18 to 22%. The field is operated as a mature waterflood, with oil production having peaked in 2011. To increase the recovery factor, a tertiary oil recovery technique (ASP) was selected. A confined five spot well pattern was chosen for conducting the ASP field trial. Due to low remaining oil saturation after the waterflood (executed also as a pre-flush for the ASP flood) the production watercut reverse due to the ASP injection changed only from 98% to 88-90%. Hence, it was important to evaluate the efficiency of ASP flooding using several independent approaches. In addition to field injection/production data, analytical and modelling techniques, the tracer data interpretation became a valuable source of information.
Four tracer injection stages were conducted during West Salym ASP pilot. Passive and partitioning tracer injection/production data were analyzed using Shook's analytical method and supported by the reservoir modelling. Analytical analysis of field data was complicated by the production and injection upsets, as well as the changes in injected viscosities. Even though the requirement for steady state conditions were not fully met, the passive tracer recovery data provided an important input to the history matching of pilot dynamic model helping to determine the sweep increase due to injection of viscous chemical solutions. The partitioning tracer recovery data in the water post-flush were used to confirm the low residual oil saturation after ASP flooding.
X-Ray Computed Tomography Assisted Investigation of Flow Behaviour of Miscible CO2 to Enhance Oil Recovery in Layered Sandstone Porous Media
Authors: Al-bayati Duraid , Saeedi Ali , Ktao Ipek , Myers Matthew , White Cameron , Mousavi Ali , Xie Quan , Lagat Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reservoir heterogeneity reflected by permeability variation in the vertical direction is expected to significantly impact on the subsurface multiphase flow behaviour. In this context, we have shown previously that during immiscible flooding the crossflow between low and high permeability zones plays a significant role in determining the reservoir performance in terms of the hydrocarbon yield. In this manuscript, the contribution of crossflow to oil recovery in layered sandstone porous media during miscible CO2 flooding is explored. We conducted core flooding experiments using a core sample constructed by attaching two axially split half sandstone plugs each with a different permeability (0.008 and 0.1 (μm)2). The crossflow between the two layers was controlled by placing either a lint-free tissue paper or an impermeable Teflon sheet to represent a layered heterogeneity with and without communication, respectively. Additionally, to better understand the underpinning mechanisms influencing the flood performance, we imaged the samples during flooding using a high-resolution medical X-Ray computed tomography (XCT) scanner.
Our results show that core-scale heterogeneity would indeed play an important role in determining the spatial distribution of the injected CO2during miscible flooding, consequently the oil recovery factor. For instance, our results confirm that permeability heterogeneity in vertical direction would lead to CO2 establishing a prefrential flow path through the high permeability layer leading to its early breakthrough. The above-mentioned CO2 channeling is clearly evident from the X-ray images captured during flooding. However, a reasonble amount of CO2 would still enter the low permeability layer contributing positively to the ultimate oil recovery factor. In fact, the post-processing of the XCT data confirmed the above to take place when cross-layer communication was allowed. The diversion of CO2 from the high to low permeablity layer is believed to be due to the crossflow phenomenon (induced by the viscous and dispersion forces) resulting in a subtle increase (i.e. 1.7%) in the ultimate oil recovery. In a similar study we have done about immiscible flooding, the contribution of crossflow to the overall recovery was found to be about 5%. The less pronounced effect of crossflow under miscible conditions is believed to be due to the absence of capillarity as a more effective driving force behind crossflow. To the best of our knowledge, our core-flooding results as presented in this manuscript and backed by X-ray CT visualisation, are the first set of their kind. They are insightful and would be of interest to the scientific community in revealing how crossflow may control flow behaviour in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs, with important implications for numerical modelling of CO2 injection.