bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing self-management in type 1 diabetes with wearables and deep learning
Authors: Zhu Taiyu , Uduku Chukwuma , Li Kezhi , Herrero Pau , Oliver Nick , Georgiou Pantelis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeople living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) require lifelong self-management to maintain glucose levels in a safe range. Failure to do so can lead to adverse glycemic events with short and long-term complications. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is widely used in T1D self-management for real-time glucose measurements, while smartphone apps are adopted as basic electronic diaries, data visualization tools, and simple decision support tools for insulin dosing. Applying a mixed effects logistic regression analysis to the outcomes of a six-week longitudinal study in 12 T1D adults using CGM and a clinically validated wearable sensor wristband (NCT ID: NCT03643692), we identified several significant associations between physiological measurements and hypo- and hyperglycemic events measured an hour later. We proceeded to develop a new smartphone-based platform, ARISES (Adaptive, Real-time, and Intelligent System to Enhance Self-care), with an embedded deep learning algorithm utilizing multi-modal data from CGM, daily entries of meal and bolus insulin, and the sensor wristband to predict glucose levels and hypo- and hyperglycemia. For a 60-minute prediction horizon, the proposed algorithm achieved the average root mean square error (RMSE) of 35.28 ± 5.77 mg/dL with the Matthews correlation coefficients for detecting hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia of 0.56 ± 0.07 and 0.70 ± 0.05, respectively. The use of wristband data significantly reduced the RMSE by 2.25 mg/dL (p < 0.01). The well-trained model is implemented on the ARISES app to provide real-time decision support. These results indicate that the ARISES has great potential to mitigate the risk of severe complications and enhance self-management for people with T1D.
The Vibrio vulnificus stressosome is an oxygen-sensor involved in regulating iron metabolism
Authors: Heinz Veronika , Jäckel Wenke , Kaltwasser Susann , Cutugno Laura , Bedrunka Patricia , Graf Anica , Reder Alexander , Michalik Stephan , Dhople Vishnu M. , Madej M. Gregor , Conway Maria , Lechner Marcus , Riedel Katharina , Bange Gert , Boyd Aoife , Völker Uwe , Lewis Richard J. , Marles-Wright Jon , Ziegler Christine , Pané-Farré Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStressosomes are stress-sensing protein complexes widely conserved among bacteria. Although a role in the regulation of the general stress response is well documented in Gram-positive bacteria, the activating signals are still unclear, and little is known about the physiological function of stressosomes in the Gram-negative bacteria. Here we investigated the stressosome of the Gram-negative marine pathogenVibrio vulnificus. We demonstrate that it senses oxygen and identified its role in modulating iron-metabolism. We determined a cryo-electron microscopy structure of theVvRsbR:VvRsbS stressosome complex, the first solved from a Gram-negative bacterium. The structure points to a variation in theVvRsbR andVvRsbS stoichiometry and a symmetry breach in the oxygen sensing domain ofVvRsbR, suggesting how signal-sensing elicits a stress response. The findings provide a link between ligand-dependent signaling and an output – regulation of iron metabolism - for a stressosome complex.
Biodiversity mediates ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability
Authors: Oliveira Brunno F. , Moore Frances C. , Dong Xiaoli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA rich body of evidence from local-scale experiments and observational studies has revealed stabilizing effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. However, whether these effects emerge across entire regions and continents remains largely overlooked. Here we combine data on the distribution of more than 57,500 plant species and remote-sensing observations throughout the entire Western Hemisphere to investigate the role of multiple facets of plant diversity (species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity) in mediating the sensitivity of ecosystems to climate variability at the regional-scale over the past 20 years. We show that, across multiple biomes, regions of greater plant diversity exhibit lower sensitivity (more stable over time) to temperature variability at the interannual and seasonal-scales. While these areas can display lower sensitivity to interannual variability in precipitation, they emerge as highly sensitive to precipitation seasonality. Conserving landscapes of greater diversity may help stabilize ecosystem functioning under climate change, possibly securing the continuous provisions of productivity-related ecosystem service to people.
Controlling oncogenic KRAS signaling pathways with a Palladium-responsive peptide
Authors: Learte-Aymamí Soraya , Martin-Malpartida Pau , Roldán-Martín Lorena , Sciortino Giuseppe , Couceiro José R. , Maréchal Jean-Didier , Macias Maria J. , Mascareñas José L. , Vázquez M. Eugenio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRAS oncoproteins are molecular switches associated with critical signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Mutations in the RAS family, mainly in the KRAS isoform, are responsible for some of the deadliest cancers, which has made this protein a major target in biomedical research. Here we demonstrate that a designed bis-histidine peptide derived from the αH helix of the cofactor SOS1 binds to KRAS with high affinity upon coordination to Pd(II). NMR spectroscopy and MD studies demonstrate that Pd(II) has a nucleating effect that facilitates the access to the bioactive α-helical conformation. The binding can be suppressed by an external metal chelator and recovered again by the addition of more Pd(II), making this system the first switchable KRAS binder, and demonstrates that folding-upon-binding mechanisms can operate in metal-nucleated peptides. In vitro experiments show that the metallopeptide can efficiently internalize into living cells and inhibit the MAPK kinase cascade.
Probing topological Floquet states in WSe2 using circular dichroism in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Schüler Michael , Beaulieu Samuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObserving signatures of light-induced topological Floquet states in materials has been shown to be very challenging. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is well suited for the investigation of Floquet physics, as it allows to directly probe the dressed electronic states of driven solids. Depending on the system, scattering and decoherence can play an important role, hampering the emergence of Floquet states. Another challenge is to disentangle Floquet side bands from laser-assisted photoemission (LAPE), since both lead to similar signatures in ARPES spectra. Here, we investigate the emergence of Floquet state in the transition metal dichalcogenide 2H-WSe2, one of the most promising systems for observing Floquet physics. We discuss how the topological Floquet state manifests in characteristic features in the circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions (CDAD) that is determined by the transient band structure modifications and the associated texture of the orbital angular momentum. Combining highly accurate modeling of the photoemission matrix elements with an ab initio description of the light-matter interaction, we investigate regimes which can be realized in current state-of-the-art experimental setups. The predicted features are robust against scattering effects and are expected to be observed in forthcoming experiments.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts require proline synthesis by PYCR1 for the deposition of pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix
Authors: Kay Emily J. , Paterson Karla , Riera-Domingo Carla , Sumpton David , Däbritz J. Henry M. , Tardito Saverio , Boldrini Claudia , Hernandez-Fernaud Juan R. , Athineos Dimitris , Dhayade Sandeep , Stepanova Ekaterina , Gjerga Enio , Neilson Lisa J. , Lilla Sergio , Hedley Ann , Koulouras Grigorios , McGregor Grace , Jamieson Craig , Johnson Radia Marie , Park Morag , Kirschner Kristina , Miller Crispin , Kamphorst Jurre J. , Loayza-Puch Fabricio , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Mazzone Massimiliano , Blyth Karen , Zagnoni Michele , Zanivan Sara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElevated production of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is a hallmark of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a central driver of cancer aggressiveness. Here we find that proline, a highly abundant amino acid in collagen proteins, is newly synthesized from glutamine in CAFs to make tumour collagen in breast cancer xenografts. PYCR1 is a key enzyme for proline synthesis and highly expressed in the stroma of breast cancer patients and in CAFs. Reducing PYCR1 levels in CAFs is sufficient to reduce tumour collagen production, tumour growth and metastatic spread in vivo and cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Both collagen and glutamine-derived proline synthesis in CAFs are epigenetically upregulated by increased pyruvate dehydrogenase-derived acetyl-CoA levels. PYCR1 is a cancer cell vulnerability and potential target for therapy; therefore, our work provides evidence that targeting PYCR1 may have the additional benefit of halting the production of a pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Our work unveils new roles for CAF metabolism to support pro-tumorigenic collagen production.
A hybrid inorganic–biological artificial photosynthesis system for energy-efficient food production
Authors: Hann Elizabeth C. , Overa Sean , Harland-Dunaway Marcus , Narvaez Andrés F. , Le Dang N. , Orozco-Cárdenas Martha L. , Jiao Feng , Jinkerson Robert E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis systems are proposed as an efficient alternative route to capture CO2 to produce additional food for growing global demand. Here a two-step CO2 electrolyser system was developed to produce a highly concentrated acetate stream with a 57% carbon selectivity (CO2 to acetate), allowing its direct use for the heterotrophic cultivation of yeast, mushroom-producing fungus and a photosynthetic green alga, in the dark without inputs from biological photosynthesis. An evaluation of nine crop plants found that carbon from exogenously supplied acetate incorporates into biomass through major metabolic pathways. Coupling this approach to existing photovoltaic systems could increase solar-to-food energy conversion efficiency by about fourfold over biological photosynthesis, reducing the solar footprint required. This technology allows for a reimagination of how food can be produced in controlled environments.
Deglacial restructuring of the Eastern equatorial Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Davis Catherine V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOxygenation in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific is responsive to ongoing climate change in the modern ocean, although whether the region saw a deglacial change in extent or position of the Oxygen Minimum Zone remains poorly constrained. Here, stable isotopes from the shells of an Oxygen Minimum Zone-dwelling planktic foraminifer are used to reassess the position of the mid-water Oxygen Minimum Zone relative to both the thermocline and benthos. Oxygen isotopes record a rapid shoaling of the Oxygen Minimum Zone towards the thermocline associated with Heinrich Stadial 1 and persisting through the deglaciation. Meanwhile, carbon isotope similarities between Oxygen Minimum Zone-dwelling Globorotaloides hexagonus and benthic Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi suggest a shared source water through the deglaciation. Results support a direct role for the Eastern Equatorial Pacific in venting carbon to the atmosphere through the deglaciation, a deglacial expansion of the Oxygen Minimum Zone, and a restructuring of mid-water oxygen and carbon dynamics from the glacial to Holocene intervals.
Mercury-instructed assembly (MiA): architecting clathrin triskelion-inspired highly functional C3-symmetric triskelion nanotorus functional structures into microtorus structures
Authors: Kesharwani Khushboo , Singh Ramesh , Kumar Nikunj , Singh Narendra , Gupta Puneet , Joshi Khashti Ballabh 
Published: June 2022

We architect C3-symmetric triskelion “nanotorus” structures into hierarchical “microtorus” structures using mercury, thus demonstrated a unique example of toxic metal-instructed assembly by exploiting “Nanotechnology to Nanoarchitectonics” concept.
Crossroads between copper ions and amyloid formation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCopper (Cu) ion dys-homeostasis and α-synclein amyloid deposits are two hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, I will discuss the connections between these features, with a major focus on the role of Cu in the α-synuclein (aS) amyloid formation process. The structurally disordered aS monomer can bind to both redox states of Cu (i.e., oxidized Cu(II) and reduced Cu(I)) with high affinity in vitro. Notably, the presence of Cu(II) (in absence of aS N-terminal acetylation) and Cu(I) (when in complex with the copper chaperone Atox1) modulate aS assembly into β-structured amyloids in opposite directions in vitro. Albeit the link to biological relevance is not fully unraveled, existing observations clearly emphasize the need for more knowledge on this interplay and its consequences to eventually combat destructive reactions that promote PD.
A chirp scaling algorithm based on the method of series reversion for bistatic SAR
Authors: Wu Haoran , Cha Hao , Ning Mingqiang , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor the problem that the existing chirp scaling algorithm based on the method of series reversion (MSRCSA) needs to approximate the range cell migration (RCM) into a linear term of range and causes a larger range cell migration correction (RCMC) error, we propose an improved MSRCSA, which is able to focus azimuth‐variation bistatic SAR. Firstly, to avoid the linear approximation for RCM, this paper derives a new curvature factor varying with the azimuth frequency and range, utilizing to describe RCM without any approximation. Secondly, since the new curvature factor is different with the traditional curvature factor varying only with the azimuth frequency, a new scaling function is given to modulate the echo signal so that the required range‐variant RCMC shift can be implemented by using phase multiplies. Thirdly, the proposed MSRCSA is implemented by utilizing three phase multiplications and four fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). Finally, the good performance of the proposed MSRCSA is examined by comparing the imaging result of the proposed MSRCSA with that of the existing MSRCSA.
Electrical machines surrogate‐based design optimization based on novel waveform targeting strategy with improvement of the computational efficiency
Authors: Farshbaf Roomi Farnam , Vahedi Abolfazl , Nobahari Amin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrical machine design optimization is an expensive procedure as it contains numerous variables and multiple objectives. Therefore, it might require hundreds of time‐consuming finite element analyses (FEA). Surrogate models are one of the superior alternatives that can overcome the computational burden of FEA. However, in optimization problems with sensitive input‐output relationships, surrogate models can lack accuracy or suffer from unreasonable initial FE‐computational cost. To tackle this problem, this work presents a novel strategy called Waveform‐Targeted Surrogate Modeling (WTSM) that improves the computational efficiency of surrogate‐based design optimization of electrical machines by modifying the model construction process. In this paper, an Interior Permanent Magnet Machine (IPMSM) is studied to evaluate the proposed strategy's performance compared to the conventional Black Box Modeling (BBM) method. A two‐step assessment procedure consisting of multiple scenarios has been developed to analyse the reliability of the WTSM concerning different training‐validation datasets. Meanwhile, the Kriging model and Latin‐Hypercube‐Sampling (LHS) method are employed for surrogate model construction purposes. From the discussion and the results, it can be found that the proposed WTSM strategy can significantly increase the accuracy of the surrogate modelling procedure while the required computational cost can be reduced.
Comparative study on distributed generation trading mechanisms in the UK and China
Authors: Yao Yunting , Gao Ciwei , Li Shiyao , Zhou Yue , Wang Dan , Song Meng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe market penetration of distributed generation (DG), particularly for that from renewables, has significantly increased in recent years. This trend will continue with the low‐carbon transition of electric power systems, as a part of global efforts to combat climate change. Appropriate trading mechanisms are of great importance for incentivizing the investment in and coordinated operation of DG. The UK and China both have ambitious decarbonization agendas with particular emphasis on the electricity market design. Nevertheless, the UK and China have distinguishing features in electricity market design, particularly in the trading mechanisms for DG. This paper presents a thorough review of DG trading policies and arrangements in both countries, including market structures, connection classifications, economic benefits and practical issues. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, and threats‐political, economical, social and technological (SWOT‐PEST) model features of the mechanisms in both countries were qualitatively identified and compared. A quantitative comparison was conducted between the trading arrangements in the UK and China, with the economic benefits analysed and the implications revealed. Finally, the directions for developing and improving DG trading mechanisms were suggested based on the comparative analysis. The practical experiences of the UK and China can be extended to other countries across the globe.
Pyramidal dense attention networks for single image super‐resolution
Authors: Wu Huapeng , Gui Jie , Zhang Jun , Kwok James T. , Wei Zhihui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, residual and dense networks have effectively promoted the development of image super‐resolution (SR). However, most dense networks based SR methods do not make full use of dense feature information. To solve this problem, a pyramidal dense attention network for single image super‐resolution is proposed in this paper. In this method, the proposed pyramidal dense learning can gradually increase the width of the densely connected layer inside a pyramidal dense block to extract deep features efficiently. Meanwhile, the adaptive group convolution that the number of groups grows linearly with dense convolutional layers is introduced to relieve the parameter explosion. Besides, a novel joint attention to capture cross‐dimension interaction between the spatial dimensions and channel dimension in an efficient way for providing rich discriminative feature representations is also proposed. Extensive experimental results show that the method achieves comparable performance in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art SR methods.
A Newborn Infant with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome and Pupillary Abnormalities: A Literature Review
Authors: Harsono Mimily , Chilakala Sandeep , Bohn Shiva , Pivnick Eniko K. , Pourcyrous Massroor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a neonate with early onset apnea and bradycardia in the absence of primary cardiorespiratory and central nervous system disorders that eventually required chronic ventilator support starting at 6 hours of life. Molecular testing of paired-like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) gene mutation confirmed the diagnosis of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). CCHS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired central respiratory control with or without broad spectrum of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulations. Ocular ANS dysregulation is a rare finding in CCHS individuals, and it is usually discovered later in life. However, the ophthalmic evaluation of this neonate on first day of life revealed persistent mild dilated oval pupils with limited light reactivity.
A Decade of Research on Daptomycin
Authors: Taylor Scott D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDaptomycin is a calcium-dependent cyclic lipodepsipeptide antibiotic that is used in the clinic for treating serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. In this account, I present a summary of the research that has been conducted in my group on daptomycin’s total chemical synthesis, its structure–activity relationships, and its mechanism of action, since we began our studies a decade ago.1	Introduction2	Solid-Phase Synthesis of Daptomycin by an On-Resin Cyclization3	α-Azido Acids and Alternative Routes to Daptomycin by On-Resin Cyclization4	Synthesis of Daptomycin by an Off-Resin Cyclization5	SAR Studies on Daptomycin6	Oligomerization of Daptomycin on Membranes7	The Chiral Target of Daptomycin8	SAR Studies on Phosphatidylglycerol9	Conclusions
Ring Forming Approaches to para-Quinones: Toward a General Diels–Alder Disconnection
Authors: Newton Christopher G. , Budwitz Jessica E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
para-Quinones feature extensively as targets and/or intermediates throughout a number of chemical and biological subdisciplines, highlighting the importance of efficient preparative methods. This Synpacts article provides an overview of ring forming approaches to para-hydroquinones and para-benzoquinones, concluding with our recent contribution concerning the development of 2,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)furans as vicinal bisketene equivalents in the Diels–Alder reaction.1	Introduction2	Ring Forming Approaches to para-Quinones2.1	Hauser–Kraus Annulation2.2	Moore–Liebeskind Rearrangement2.3	Wulff–Dötz Reaction2.4	Oxidative Bergman Cyclization2.5	Diels–Alder Strategies2.5.1	Ketene–Enol Equivalents2.5.2	Bisketene Equivalents3	Toward an Improved Bisketene Equivalent4	Conclusion
Application of Third Molar Maturity Index (I3M) for Assessing Adult Age of 18 Years in a Southern Italian Population Sample
Authors: Giannitto Nino , Militi Angela , Sapienza Daniela , Scurria Serena , Gualniera Patrizia , Mondello Cristina , Spagnolo Elvira Ventura , Terranova Antonella , Portelli Marco , Cervino Gabriele , Fiorillo Luca , Meto Aida , Alibrandi Angela , Asmundo Alessio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective Age estimation of living or dead individuals has a strategic importance in medicine, anthropology, and forensic science, in the context of mass disasters and in civil or criminal matters such as adoption or asylum. Teeth play a major role in this context in particular, the third molars are useful for determining whether an individual has reached the legal age of 18 years because they are still in development from the age of 14.
Materials and Methods In this study, a sample of 307 panoramic radiographs performed on healthy subjects aged between 13 and 23 was analyzed to consider the correlation between the maturity index of the third molar (I3M) and age to verify the reliability of the cutoff 0.08 indicated by Cameriere et al in a sample of Italian subjects living in the Province of Messina (Sicily, South Italy) to discern the adult subjects from the minors.
Statistical Analysis The analysis of 307 panoramic radiographs resulted in a sensitivity of 89.2% with a confidence interval of 95%, a specificity of 96.5% with a confidence interval of 95%, and a positive predictive value of 96.7%.
Results The method proved itself reliable in estimating adulthood in the population of the Messina- Sicily, but the I3M should not be used as the sole indicator to determine whether a person is younger or older than 18 years because age estimation based on dental methods alone has limitations as the third molars suffer from many variations related to their morphology, their location, and their development.
Conclusion We recommend a combination of several methods that are available to increase accuracy of age estimation, depending on the different legal requirements in civil or criminal cases.