bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleaved binomial kT‐points for water‐selective imaging at 7T
Authors: Löwen Daniel , Pracht Eberhard D. , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Liebig Patrick , Stöcker Tony 
Published: August 2022

PurposeWe present a time‐efficient water‐selective, parallel transmit RF excitation pulse design for ultra‐high field applications.MethodsThe proposed pulse design method achieves flip angle homogenization at ultra‐high fields by employing spatially nonselective ‐points pulses. In order to introduce water‐selection, the concept of binomial pulses is applied. Due to the composite nature of ‐points, the pulse can be split into multiple binomial subpulse blocks shorter than half the precession period of fat, that are played out successively. Additional fat precession turns, that would otherwise impair the spectral response, can thus be avoided. Bloch simulations of the proposed interleaved binomial ‐points pulses were carried out and compared in terms of duration, homogeneity, fat suppression and pulse energy. For validation, in vivo MP‐RAGE and 3D‐EPI data were acquired.ResultsSimulation results show that interleaved binomial ‐points pulses achieve shorter total pulse durations, improved flip angle homogeneity and more robust fat suppression compared to available methods. Interleaved binomial ‐points can be customized by changing the number of ‐points, the subpulse duration and the order of the binomial pulse. Using shorter subpulses, the number of ‐points can be increased and hence better homogeneity is achieved, while still maintaining short total pulse durations. Flip angle homogenization and fat suppression of interleaved binomial ‐points pulses is demonstrated in vivo at 7T, confirming Bloch simulation results.ConclusionIn this work, we present a time efficient and robust parallel transmission technique for nonselective water excitation with simultaneous flip angle homogenization at ultra‐high field.
Atypical dental wear in an enslaved individual from Lagos, Portugal
Authors: Wasterlain Sofia N. , Rufino Ana I. , Ferreira Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the atypical wear observed on the anterior teeth of an enslaved African adult female (age‐at‐death: 47.62 ± 3.36 years), exhumed from Valle da Gafaria, Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries). All teeth of this individual (n = 31) were macroscopically observed to score dental wear and caries. A more accentuated wear was observed on the lingual surface of the maxillary anterior teeth, with dentine exposure until the cement‐enamel junction. Although many individuals of this osteoarchaeological assemblage present intentional dental modifications, the location and characteristics of these wear facets are not compatible with such cultural practices. Interdental attrition caused by overbite was also excluded due to the inexistence of corresponding lingual or labial wear on any lower teeth. Also, the relatively unpolished appearance of the wear facets does not favor the hypothesis of perimolysis due to regurgitation. Instead, the observed wear pattern is consistent with lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth (LSAMAT). Regarding the aetiology, in this particular case, two possible causes are suggested: extra‐masticatory behaviors and/or consumption of abrasive carbohydrates, namely, a starchy plant. Although this individual presents several carious lesions, which favor the hypothesis of a carbohydrate‐rich diet, these processes can act simultaneously. Therefore, it would be unwise to favor one aetiological factor over the other.
Radiation initiated synthesis of (carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacryalmide) hydrogels with polyprotic acid moieties and their utilization in nicotinic acid release
Authors: Mahdy Sanna R. , Awadallah‐F Ahmed , Khalil Salwa A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrogels of (carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide/polyprotic acids) were synthesized via gamma‐irradiation as green initiator. The polyprotic acids were used are oxalic, tartaric, citric and maleic. Effects of irradiation dose and polyprotic acids concentration on gelation (%) and swelling (%) are investigated. The swelling of hydrogels were conducted in the range of pH levels are from 1 to 12 at 37°C. The outcome hydrogels were characterized different techniques of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results confirmed the formation of respective hydrogels. Hydrogels were exploited in release of nicotinic acid as model of drug release. Dry tablets from hydrogels were fabricated as cylindrical discs. Dry hydrogels tablets were subjected to two different pH levels (i) simulated gastric fluid of pH level 1.2 and (ii) simulated intestinal fluid of pH level 7.5. The outcome results showed that there is a difference of nicotinic acid release quantity between the two pH levels. Further, different kinetic models of zero‐order, Korsmeyer–Peppas, Higuchi and Weibull were used to fit the experimental data. Through the results declared that the best fitting model was Weibull.
A proposed mechanism for solid bed encapsulation: Based on comparing three dimensional andone‐dimensionalscrew melting models
Authors: Campbell Gregory A. , Wetzel Mark D. , Spalding Mark A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper describes how the initial melt generation physics with differing pressure generation dynamics lead to either conventional melting or one dimensional (1D) melting. An historic review of the development of single screw melting models is presented. First, a review of the classic model is briefly presented. Second, after an analysis of literature melting data developed using the Maddock solidification procedure, a screw rotation concept melting model is presented that correlates very well with the melting analysis. Third, a new 1D film melting model is developed to analyze melting when the melt film does not encapsulate the solid bed. This physical model provides for the first time a quantitative model for the initiation and ultimate solid bed melting of the 1D melting process. Finally, a new concept and resulting model demonstrate that Reynold's barring concept for pressure generation in the initial melt film at the barrel interface may provide the mechanism that relates to whether the solid bed is or is not encapsulated.
Alopecia signals associated with calcitonin gene‐related peptide inhibitors in the treatment or prophylaxis of migraine: A pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Woods Richard H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveAlthough rarely observed in clinical trials, alopecia has been reported in migraine patients treated with calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors during the postmarketing period. This study sought to assess whether CGRP inhibitors are associated with disproportionate alopecia reporting relative to other drugs including those indicated for migraine treatment or prophylaxis in a real‐world setting.DesignRetrospective disproportionality analysis.Data SourceSpontaneous adverse events reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) through the fourth quarter of 2021.Measurements and Main ResultsThirteen Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms were used to define alopecia cases in FAERS. Disproportionality was measured by calculating proportional reporting ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A PRR >2.0 with a lower 95% CI >1.0 and ≥3 cases was considered a positive signal. During the study period, CGRP inhibitors were reported as suspect products in 55,994 adverse events including 1827 (3.26%) alopecia cases. Compared with all other drugs across FAERS, alopecia signals were detected for the collective CGRP inhibitor class (PRR 4.06; 95% CI 3.88–4.25) and fremanezumab (PRR 5.42; 95% CI 4.66–6.29), erenumab (PRR 4.29; 95% CI 4.05–4.54), galcanezumab (PRR 4.11; 95% CI 3.78–4.48), and eptinezumab (PRR 2.06; 95% CI 1.25–3.40) individually. CGRP inhibitors were consistently associated with alopecia signals relative to triptans (PRR 12.46; 95% CI 10.22–15.18) and celecoxib (PRR 3.50; 95% CI 3.19–3.83), but not in comparison with anticonvulsants, onabotulinumtoxinA, or beta‐blockers across analyses. Within the CGRP inhibitor class, an alopecia signal was observed for biologics relative to drugs (PRR 6.11; 95% CI 3.79–9.87).ConclusionSignificant alopecia signals were identified for CGRP inhibitors relative to all other drugs and certain comparator migraine therapies based on adverse events reported to FAERS, with CGRP‐targeting biologics primarily driving disproportionate reporting. Future observational data will be necessary to better characterize the potential association between real‐world use of CGRP inhibitors and incident alopecia in patients with migraine.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation‐positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma presenting with acute respiratory failure diagnosed by thin bronchoscope through transnasal route under high‐concentration oxygen mask
Authors: Ito Takayasu , Makino Yasushi , Mashimo Shuko , Baba Tomoya , Otsuki Ryo , Yasui Hirotoshi , Fukui Yasutaka , Odate Mitsuru , Arai Yoshifumi , Okachi Shotaro , Wakahara Keiko , Hashimoto Naozumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 59‐year‐old woman complained of continuous dyspnea. Computed tomography revealed multiple pulmonary nodules, mildly small enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and a nodule in the liver segment 8. Her dyspnea worsened with respiratory failure 4 days after presentation. Liver biopsy was not possible as she could not hold her breath; thus, we performed bronchoscopy. For biopsy, the pulmonary nodules with a positive bronchus sign were preferred over the mildly small enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Bronchoscopy under non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was impossible because of the lack of equipment. Therefore, we biopsied via thin bronchoscope through nasal cavity under a high‐concentration oxygen mask. Pathological findings revealed epidermal growth factor receptor mutation‐positive lung adenocarcinoma. For patients with respiratory failure who cannot undergo bronchoscopy under NPPV or HFNC, thin bronchoscopy through the nasal cavity under a high‐concentration oxygen mask may be clinically useful to prevent hypoxaemia during the procedure
High Visual Colorimetric Determination of F‐ Ions by Exploiting the Inhibition of Oxidase Mimicking Activity of FeMnO4@GQD Nanocomposite
Authors: Ali Salim , Sikdar Suranjan , Basak Shatarupa , Roy Debadrita , Dakua Vikas K , Adhikary Prakriti , Roy Mahendra N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman health is significantly impacted by fluorides in water.Too much fluoride consumption through drinking water causes chronic dental and bones diseases. A trace number of fluorides in drinking water can be determined, which is immensely vital for human health. In the current study, we have designed a visual colorimetric chemosensor assay using the brilliant oxidase mimicking activity of biosynthesized FeMnO4@GQD nanocomposite. FeMnO4@GQD nanocomposites showed excellent mimicking activity in mild acid medium pH‐5, and obtained a Vmax value of 1.71603×10−6 and an important Km value of 0.0684 mM based on Hanes‐Woolf kinetics. The robust nanocomposites were shown to be significant stability for detecting oxidases under conditions. As a consequence, oxidase‐like activity was inhibited in the presence of fluoride ions. A linear correlation was established by the development of blue colour with fluoride ions concentration and appeared at a low limit of detection of 1.2 μg/ml without interfering with other common ions.
A Higher Affinity Melamine Binding Aptamer Mutant for More Sensitive Detection
Authors: Li Yani , Liu Xixia , Hou Yaoyao , Wu Qin , Hou Jianjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMelamine is an illegal additive in milk products. Mel‐34 is an aptamer specific for melamine. In this paper, we studied the base‐pair function in the stem regions of Mel‐34 using label‐free thiazole orange (TO) staining assay. Then, we used isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to verify the binding activity, and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor based molecule‐beacon was established to detect melamine in yogurt sample. We found one of the mutants (mut6) has four folds higher affinity than Mel‐34, which indicated its critical binding domain was G18‐C25 base pair. We detected melamine in 1 % yogurt sample using mut6 as recognition molecule, the linear range was below 20 μM and the limit of detection was 4.09 μM which is below the melamine threshold (1.0 mg/kg) in milk products. This work calls for carefully study the critical binding domain to discover higher affinity aptamer specific for small molecule using label‐free method.
In Silico Studies, Biological Effects and Anti‐Lung Cancer Potential of Triacetyl Resveratrol as Natural Phenolic Compound
Authors: Pei Yanzhi , Gong Shuning , Song Min , El‐kott Attalla F. , Bani‐Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Xu Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNatural molecules that possess antibacterial and anticancer activity have received rising interest to be utilized as alternative drug. This compounds have capacity efficacy in the therapy of lung cancer with minimal side effects. Triacetyl resveratrol compound showed good inhibitory activities against some metabolic enzymes with IC50 values of 45.14±3.88 μM for collagenase, 5.20±0.65 μM for alpha amylase, 125.63±9.70 μM for HMG‐CoA reductase and 31.78±5.30 μM for elastase. Indeed, these molecules had good In vitro anti‐lung cancer activities. The molecular docking was conducted to assess the chemical activity of triacetyl resveratrol against HMG‐CoA reductase, alpha‐amylase, collagenase, and elastase. Based on the obtained results, this compound can target the crucial residues of the enzymes and decrease their activities. The docking score of triacetyl resveratrol is −4.385 kcal/mol against HMG‐CoA reductase and −3.890 kcal/mol against alpha amylase. This score for the compound against collagenase and elastase are −3.371 kcal/mol and −1.608 kcal/mol, respectively. Diverse interactions like hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds with the key residues of the enzymes can affect their activities considerably. Inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzymes recorded as main aims in cosmetic industry for researches to discovery novel skin‐lightening and antiwrinkle molecules or extracts particularly with rich polyphenol contents as well as to prove their effectiveness.
Amine and Sulfonic Acid Anchored Porous Silica as Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalysts for Ring‐Opening of Oxiranes
Authors: Pandey Madhu , Tsunoji Nao , Kubota Yoshihiro , Bandyopadhyay Mahuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMCM type mesoporous silica materials can be used as potential catalysts with appropriate functionalization, for increasing selectivity and yield of the desired products. Co‐condensation or post‐synthesis treatment is the most common process of surface functionalization of mesoporous materials for the introduction of catalytic groups to their internal pore surfaces. In this work two different functional moieties were introduced on the surface of mesoporous material; one, a base functional group (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and another, an acid functional group (3‐mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane (MPTES). The materials were characterized thoroughly by powder XRD, BET, FT‐IR, TGA, NMR, SEM, TEM, etc. The results confirmed successful grafting of both the functional groups. The functionalized materials were tested in ring opening of different oxiranes; and the base functionalized MCM‐48 was found to be catalytically more active than acid functionalized material and was correlated mechanistically. Conversion of morpholine and piperidine with base functionalized material was found to be 93 and 91 %, respectively; and with acid functionalized material, 52 % of conversion of morpholine and 57 % conversion of piperidine was observed. Amine modified mesoporous MCM‐48 and MCM‐41 were found to be totally heterogeneous in nature and the catalysts were reusable up to 4 times without leaching.
Development and Structural Modifications of Rupestonic Acid Derivatives as Novel Anti‐Influenza Agents: A Mini Review of The Last 10 Years
Authors: Yumaier Abulimiti , Cui Zhi‐Chao , Abudurixiti Adila , Yusuf Abdulla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtemisia rupestrisL. is one of the therapeutic choices to cure influenza and concomitant infections in China. Rupestonic acid is the main active ingredient of this herbal remedy and has activity against the influenza virus. To find a potential lead compound, more than 300 rupestonic derivatives have been synthesized and assayedin vitroagainst influenza A and B viruses. This systematic review was therefore aimed at summarizing the rupestonic acid derivatives and their anti‐influenza activity studied in the last decade.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biomimetic Activity of Heterogenized Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) and Analogous Homogeneous Complexes
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Chauhan Abhilasha , Avecilla Fernando 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo mononuclear cis‐[MoVIO2] complexes with Schiff base ligands, H4L1 (I) and H4L2 (II) (derived from the condensation of 3,5‐diformyl‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid with isonicotinoylhydrazide and nicotinoylhydrazide) were synthesized using [MoVIO2(acac)2] (Hacac=acetylacetone) and ligand in 1 : 1 molar ratio in methanol. The obtained homogeneous complexes [MoVIO2(H2L1)]n (1) and [MoVIO2(H2L2)(MeOH)] (2) were supported on titania functionalized with amine group (APTMS‐TiO2) to obtain heterogeneous complexes [MoVIO2(HL1)(MeOH)]@APTMS‐TiO2 (3) and [MoVIO2(HL2)(MeOH)]@APTMS‐TiO2 (4), respectively. All the isolated complexes were characterized by various spectral techniques (FT‐IR, UV‐visible, 1H and 13C NMR), elemental (CHN) and thermogravimetric analyses; heterogeneous complexes were additionally characterized by transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Powder‐X‐ray diffraction studies. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of complexes 1 and 2 confirms the distorted octahedral geometry for both complexes, where ligands coordinate to the metal centre through Ophenolate, Nazomethine, and Oenolate. Complex 1 has a 3D polymeric structure, where the sixth site of one molecule of Mo is coordinated to the pyridinic nitrogen of the other molecule while 2 is monomeric. These complexes are explored as bio‐mimicking model catalysts for the type II copper site in phenoxazinone synthase. These complexes catalyze the oxidative condensation of o‐aminophenol (OAP) into 2‐aminophenoxazine‐3‐one (APX) utilizing aq. H2O2 in the MeCN‐MeOH mixture. For complexes 1 and 2, the value of turnover number (kcat) obtained for phenoxazinone synthase‐like activity is 2.14 and 1.76 h−1, respectively. Under the optimized reaction parameters, the yield of 2‐aminophenoxazine‐3‐one (APX) obtained is 97 and 92 % for complexes 3 and 4, respectively.
KOtBu/O2 Mediated Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles, Alcohols
Authors: Fu Xuegang , Wang Yue , Liu Liu , Li Caifeng , Huang Lin , Huang Jianhui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA convenient dehydrogenation of a number of N,O‐containing heterocycles and carbocycles with readily available inorganic base (KOtBu) and oxygen is reported. The oxidation process is proved to be an SRN1 pathway followed by a radical elimination. This radical process has opened up the possibilities for the development of new superoxide mediated synthetic methodologies using KOtBu as the single electron reductant.
Diisobutyl(morpholino)aluminum‐Enabled Partial Reductions with DIBALH: Highly Practical Synthesis of Aldehydes from Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Young Kim So , Ri Kim Yu , Tae Kim Hyun , Kumar Jaladi Ashok , Keun An Duk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFacile, partial reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives such as acid chlorides, esters, amides, and nitriles to aldehydes has been demonstrated using a DIBALH and morpholine system. The present system was extensively optimized, and various mole ratios of DIBALH and morpholine were evaluated to accomplish aldehydes in almost excellent yields. Commercial availability of reagents, milder reaction conditions, short reaction time (<1–60 min), and excellent yields are the silent features of the methodology. The present protocol has a broad substrate scope and allows the reduction of aromatic, heterocyclic, polycyclic, and aliphatic substrates.
Solvent‐Free Lipase‐Catalyzed Transesterification of Alcohols with Methyl Esters Under Vacuum‐Assisted Conditions
Authors: Sánchez‐Muñoz Grecia K. , Ortega‐Rojas Marina A. , Chavelas‐Hernández Leticia , Razo‐Hernández Rodrigo S. , Valdéz‐Camacho Jonathan R. , Escalante Jaime 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent progress of the catalytic promiscuity of enzymes have invigorated the use of biocatalysis in organic chemistry. Explorations of biocatalysis for the synthesis of esters are critical since up to now, existing traditional methods are complicated, which usually require long reaction times, microwaves or even toxic reagents. This paper presents a versatile biocatalytic methodology to obtain benzyl esters through a transesterification reaction of methyl esters withCandida antarcticalipase B (CaLB) and benzyl alcohol in the absence of solvent. In addition, the effect of the nucleophile size and the substituent directly attached to the carbonyl group was studied. The results show that, in some cases, using a vacuum shifts the equilibrium of the reaction towards the products. Based on these results, molecular docking studies were carried out, where specific regions in the CaLB catalytic cavity were analyzed.
A critical appraisal of chronic venous insufficiency ultrasound guidelines—Views of Australian sonographers
Authors: Liu Gaorui , Xu Xiao Ke Rena , Ziegenbein Robert , Clough Amy , Parsi Yana , Oomens Donna , Clarke Jillian L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuplex ultrasound is the first line of investigation for patients seeking treatment for varicose veins disease. In Australia, chronic venous insufficiency ultrasound examinations (CVI‐US) are primarily performed by sonographers. The use of clinical guidelines facilitates the practice of ultrasound, and more importantly, provides an assurance to the integrity and quality of the examinations. Our aim is to assess the quality of currently available guidelines and provide recommendations for choosing the appropriate guideline to use and suggestions for future guideline development.MethodWe performed a systematic literature search of the Cochrane, EMBASE, EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, Google and the database of the University of Sydney. The scope covered guidelines from 2000 to 2020 available in English. Identified guidelines were appraised by four independent reviewers (sonographers) using the revised version of the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation instrument.ResultsA total of 10 guidelines were included for critical appraisal. Analysis of the results showed most guidelines were rated low quality except for the International Union of Phlebology consensus document (2006) and technical guideline by Zygmunt and colleagues (2020). Overall, Domain 1 (Scope and purposes) achieved the highest score (total score = 67.9% ± 17.3%), whereas, Domain 3 (Rigour of development) had the lowest score (total score = 41.1% ± 13.5%).ConclusionThe overall quality of CVI‐US guidelines is poor. This study highlights the demand for developing ultrasound guidelines based on methodologically sound principles along with updated scientific evidence. A stronger emphasis should be given to clinical applicability in the Australian context.