bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐Standing MOF‐Derived Carbon@Carbon Cloth for Lithium‐Iodine Batteries via in‐Situ Carbonization
Authors: Lai Yingling , Wang Li , Chen Wen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe urgent demand for energy storage systems fueled the development of lithium‐iodine battery, for it is of high energy/power densities and long lifespan and considered as a promising energy storage system. For advanced lithium‐iodine batteries, a free‐standing metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) derived carbon@carbon cloth (MDC@CC) current collector, without using nonconductive binders, was fabricated via in‐situ calcination. Its meso‐micro porous structure and oxygen doping together restricted the shuttle effect and boosted the redox kinetics, leading to the outstanding long‐term cycle performance of MDC@CC. The major contribution of the capacitive effects at high sweep rates leads to impressive high‐rate performance, exhibiting a high capacity of 308 mAh g−1 at 1 C with Coulombic efficiency close to 100 %. Moreover, in long‐term cycling at 10 C, it displays a high capacity retention of 91 % after 3500 cycles.
Evidence of Kinetically Relevant Consistency in Thermal and Photo‐Thermal HCOOH Decomposition over Pd/LaCrO3/C3N4 Composite
Authors: Yuan Jin , Guo Jinqiu , He Zhiwei , Che Leisheng , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhoto‐thermal catalysis has been an attractive alternative strategy to promote chemical reactions for years, however, how light cooperates with thermal energy is still unclear. We meet this demand by exploring reaction mechanism via pressure dependency studies as well as H/D exchange experiments with HCOOH decomposition as a probe over a palladium nanoparticle (Pdn) and isolated Pd (Pd1) decorated LaCrO3/C3N4 composite catalyst, in which the H2 formation rate shows a first‐order dependence on HCOOH and inverse first‐order dependence on CO partial pressures no matter the reaction was driven by thermal or photo‐thermal energy. Additionally, negligible kinetic isotopic effects (KIEs: kH/kD) were determined under both dark and light conditions at 1.04 and 1.18 when the HCOOH was replaced by HCOOD. Besides, when the reactant HCOOH was further replaced by DCOOD, the KIE values of 1.55 (dark) and 1.92 (light) were obtained, which indicates that the HCOOH decomposition follows kinetically relevant (KR) of C−H bond rupture within HCOOH molecule under both thermal and photo‐thermal reaction conditions and the catalytic surface was found to be densely covered by CO based on the pressure dependency studies as well as the in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Clearly, the HCOOH decomposition driven by thermal and photo‐thermal energy follows the same reaction mechanism. Nevertheless, light induced hot electrons and the derived thermal effect do cause the enhancement of the reaction activity in some circumstances compared with bare thermal catalysis, which clarifies the confusion on cooperation mechanism of photo and thermal energies from the kinetic perspective. Hot electrons induced by photo‐illumination was confirmed by in situ FTIR CO chemisorption with ∼10 cm−1 redshift identified of the CO feature once light was introduced. Meanwhile, the photo thermal reaction system suffers from severe electron‐hole re‐combination at high reaction temperatures and make the thermal effect of photo irradiation dominant with respect to the effect at low reaction temperatures. This research provides insight to the mechanism on how photo‐thermal reaction works and draws attention to the photo‐thermal reaction process in boosting catalytic activity.
MABC‐EPF: Video in‐painting technique with enhanced priority function and optimal patch search algorithm
Authors: Janardhana Rao B. , Chakrapani Y. , Srinivas Kumar S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, video in‐painting technique with enhanced priority function and optimal patch searching algorithm is proposed. Initially, the source frames are extracted from video based on edge information, these frames are partitioned into two regions (1) target region (region to be in‐painted) and (2) source region that is region to be considered as appropriate patch selection for in‐painting the target region. A new priority function using confidence value, local structure multiplier, and motion vector uniformity to determine the in‐paint location. The suitable patch is identified in source region, using correlation measure, like sum of squared difference method. The searching of the suitable patch in source region is optimized through modified artificial bee colony (MABC) algorithm. To capture more edge information, irregular patch filling is carried out to in‐painting process. The in‐painting process is more improved by optimal patch scaling for better vision. Finally, the in‐painted source frames are combined to obtain the corrected video. The proposed method works better than the other art state applications. The proposed peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) attains better 8.06%, 7.90%, 32.15%, and 13.06% compared with other previous methods.
Thermal aware learning based CPU governor
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Sran Sukhwinder Singh , Kaur Lakhwinder , Singh Jagpreet 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe high temperature of a processor chip reduces its lifetime by many years. Also, higher temperature increases the cooling cost as well. Hence, controlling the peak temperature and maintaining high performance are the two important objectives that are in general trade‐off with each other. The dynamic voltage and frequency scaling is often used to reduce the energy consumption by running the processor on lower voltage and frequencies. This eventually decreases the temperature. In this article, we propose a linear regression‐based online CPU governor to predict the future temperature with high accuracy and later adjust the frequencies of the processor such that the temperature does not increase the given threshold. Doing so controls the peak temperature as well as maintains high performance. Extensive experimentation revealed that the proposed governor decreases the peak temperature by 4%–5% without observing any performance penalty and also reduces the execution cost by 3%–10% compared to the state‐of‐the‐art.
A novel COVID‐19 sentiment analysis in Turkish based on the combination of convolutional neural network and bidirectional long‐short term memory on Twitter
Authors: Kabakus Abdullah Talha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe whole world has been experiencing the COVID‐19 pandemic since December 2019. During the pandemic, a new life has been started by necessity where people have extensively used social media to express their feelings, and find information. Twitter was used as the source of what people have shared regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Sentiment analysis deals with the extraction of the sentiment of a given text. Most of the related works deal with sentiment analysis in English, while studies for Turkish sentiment analysis lack in the research field. To this end, a novel sentiment analysis model based on the combination of convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short‐term memory was proposed in this study. The proposed deep neural network model was trained on the constructed Twitter dataset, which consists of Turkish tweets regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic, to classify a given tweet into three sentiment classes, namely, (i) , (ii) , and (iii) . A set of experiments were conducted for the evaluation of the proposed model. According to the experimental result, the proposed model obtained an accuracy as high as , which outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art baseline models for sentiment analysis of tweets in Turkish.
The role of image interpolation in pansharpening
Authors: Yilmaz Volkan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPansharpening is an efficient way of producing images of higher spectral and spatial fidelity. Since pansharpening aims to generate a spectrally enhanced image with the same spatial detail content of the source panchromatic (PAN) image, the source multispectral (MS) image is upsampled to the size of the source PAN image prior to pansharpening. Several image interpolation algorithms have been proposed for this purpose, which may lead the analysts to a confusion as to which of these algorithms should be used for the best pansharpening performance. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of widely used image interpolation algorithms in the quality of the pansharpened images. For this purpose, the nearest neighbor interpolation, bilinear interpolation, bicubic interpolation, interpolation with a polynomial kernel of 23 coefficients (INTERP23) and cubic spline interpolation algorithms were tested through several pansharpening techniques on three test sites with different characteristics. Investigations revealed that upsampling the source MS images with the INTERP23 algorithm resulted in the pansharpened images with the optimum spectral and spatial quality.
Tailoring Single‐Atom Platinum for Selective and Stable Catalysts in Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Nakaya Yuki , Furukawa Shinya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPropane dehydrogenation has been a promising method for producing propylene that has the potentials to meet the increasing global demand for propylene. However, owing to the restricted equilibrium conversion caused by the high endothermicity, even the Pt‐based catalysts, which exhibit high activity and selectivity, severely suffer significantly from coke formation and/or nanoparticle sintering at realistic reaction temperatures, resulting in a short catalyst lifetime. As a result, few innovative catalysts in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, have been produced. In this Review, we focus on the characteristics of single‐atom‐like Pt sites for PDH and attempt to provide suggestions for developing highly efficient catalysts. First, we briefly describe the fundamental strategies. Following that, the remarkable catalysis is addressed by three different distinct sorts of state‐of‐the‐art single‐atom‐like Pt catalysts are discussed. Additionally, we present other promising catalyst design approaches that are not based on single‐atom‐like Pt catalysts, as well as future research challenges in this field.
An access control protocol for IoT‐based critical infrastructure in smart grid environment
Authors: Badar Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Mahmood Khalid , Saher Najia , Ayub Muhammad Faizan , Khan Dost Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

SummaryInformation and communication technology (ICT) can add appealing attributes such as transparency, energy conservation, cost reduction, reliability, and efficiency to the traditional power grid. The addition of these attributes is possible due to the concept of a smart grid (SG). However, ICT applications engender new access control challenges. Therefore, many studies have been conducted in recent years to investigate that the most significant challenge of the smart grid is privacy. In the light of these studies, two significant problems have been identified for SG access control protocols that must be addressed. First, we have all essential security requirements such as integrity, confidentiality, and authentication. Moreover, the cryptographic algorithms impose significant computational and communication costs on the system, however, in most of the contemporary infrastructure's devices usually have limited‐resource. Therefore, second, the lightweight design of access control protocols is also a significant challenge. To address these challenges, we introduce a provably secure and lightweight access control protocol for SGs that eliminates key exchange issues while increasing privacy and security. We evaluate the proposed protocol to determine its security strength against well‐known security attacks. Finally, we present a performance evaluation of the proposed protocol to demonstrate its efficiency in terms of computation and communication costs.
Current status of surveillance for Barrett's esophagus in Japan and the West
Authors: Koike Tomoyuki , Saito Masahiro , Ohara Yuki , Hatta Waku , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProspective studies in western countries have shown that the obvious risk factors for Barrett's esophageal cancer are male sex, smoking habit, a longer length of Barrett's esophagus, and low‐grade dysplasia. However, few reports have prospectively examined risk factors for adenocarcinoma development from Barrett's esophagus in Japan. In the West, where adenocarcinoma is common among esophageal cancer, endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus every 2–5 years is recommended for early detection of adenocarcinoma. However, there is no established surveillance method in Japan. In recent years, the incidence of adenocarcinoma from long‐segment Barrett's esophagus and short‐segment Barrett's esophagus longer than 2 cm in Japan has been reported to be similar to the West. For surveillance of adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus, recognizing the characteristics of superficial adenocarcinoma and carefully observing the entire Barrett's esophagus are needed. It has been reported that representative characteristics of Barrett's adenocarcinoma are a reddish area or a lesion located on the anterior to the right sidewall. It is necessary to establish surveillance methods for Barrett's esophagus sooner in Japan.
Studying biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships in experimental microcosms among islands
Authors: Teittinen Anette , Soininen Janne , Virta Leena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEcological studies on islands have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying biodiversity of larger organisms, but we know little about the factors affecting island microbial biodiversity and ecosystem function. We conducted a field experiment on five Baltic Sea islands where we placed aquatic microcosms with different levels of salinity mimicking environmental stress and allowed diatoms to colonize the microcosms via the air. Using structural equation models (SEM), we investigated the interconnections among environmental and dispersal‐related factors, diatom biodiversity, and ecosystem productivity (represented by chlorophyllaconcentration). We also tested whether the body size structure of the community influences productivity together with biodiversity. In SEMs, we found no relationship between species richness or evenness and productivity. However, productivity increased with increasing mean body size of species in the communities. The effects of environmental stress on both biodiversity and ecosystem productivity were highlighted as species richness and evenness declined, whereas productivity increased at the highest salinity levels. In addition to salinity, wind exposure affected both biodiversity metrics and productivity. This study provides new insights into microbial community assembly in a field experimental setting and the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Our results indicate that salinity presents a strong abiotic filter, leading to communities that may be species poor, yet comprise salinity‐tolerant and relatively productive species at high salinity. Our findings also emphasize the importance of mean community body size in mediating the effects of environmental conditions on productivity and suggest that this trait should be considered more broadly in biodiversity–ecosystem function studies.
c‐Abl‐induced Olig2 phosphorylation regulates the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Authors: Zhang Jun , Sun Jian‐guang , Xing Xiaowen , Wu Rong , Zhou Lujun , Zhang Ying , Yuan Fang , Wang Shukun , Yuan Zengqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are differentiated from OL progenitor cells (OPCs). The proliferation of existing OPCs is indispensable for myelination during CNS development and remyelination in response to demyelination stimulation. The transcription factor Olig2 is required for the specification of OLs and is expressed in the OL lineage. However, the post‐translational modification of Olig2 in the proliferation of OPCs is poorly understood. Herein, we identified that c‐Abl directly phosphorylates Olig2 mainly at the Tyr137 site, and that Olig2 phosphorylation is essential for OPC proliferation. The expression levels of c‐Abl gradually decreased with brain development; moreover, c‐Abl was highly expressed in OPCs. OL‐specific c‐Abl knockout at the developmental stage led to an insufficient proliferation of OPCs, a decreased expression of myelin‐related genes, and myelination retardation. Accordingly, a c‐Abl‐specific kinase inhibitor suppressed OPC proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that OL‐specific c‐Abl knockout reduced OPC proliferation and remyelination in a cuprizone model of demyelination. In addition, we found that nilotinib, a clinically used c‐Abl inhibitor, decreased the expression of myelin basic protein (Mbp) and motor coordination in mice, indicating a neurological side effect of a long‐term administration of the c‐Abl inhibitor. Thus, we identified the important role of c‐Abl in OLs during developmental myelination and remyelination in a disease model.
Double interface regulation: Toward highly stable lithium metal anode with high utilization
Authors: Wang Guanyao , Zhu Ming , Zhang Ying , Song Chan , Zhu Xiaolong , Huang Zhongyi , Zhang Yuanjun , Yu Fangfang , Xu Gang , Wu Minghong , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Wu Chao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe undesirable Li dendrite growth and other knock‐on issues have significantly plagued the application of Li metal anodes (LMAs). Herein, we report that the synergistic regulation of double interfaces adjacent to the metallic Li anode can effectively prevent the dendritic Li growth, significantly improving the cycling performance of LMAs under harsh conditions including high current density and high depth of discharge. Thorough comparison of electrolytes demonstrated that 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) can yield a robust and lithiophobic LiF‐rich upper interface (solid electrolyte interphase). Besides, the Sb‐based buffer layer forms a lithiophilic lower interface on current collector. The synergy of the upper and lower interfacial engineering plays an important role for outstanding cyclability of LMAs. Consequently, the plating/stripping of Li can be stably repeated for 835 and 329 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) above 99% at 1 and 3 mA h cm−2, respectively. Surprisingly, the Li||Li symmetric cell can even withstand the baptism of current density up to 20 mA cm−2. The excellent performance validates that the facile synergistic regulating of interfaces adjacent to the metallic Li anode provides an effective pathway to stabilize LMAs.image
Test–Retest Reproducibility of In Vivo Magnetization Transfer Ratio and Saturation Index in Mice at 9.4 Tesla
Authors: Rahman Naila , Ramnarine Jordan , Xu Kathy , Brown Arthur , Baron Corey A. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMagnetization transfer saturation (MTsat) imaging was developed to reduce T1 dependence and improve specificity to myelin, compared to the widely used MT ratio (MTR) approach, while maintaining a feasible scan time. As MTsat imaging is an emerging technique, the reproducibility of MTsat compared to MTR must be evaluated.PurposeTo assess the test–retest reproducibility of MTR and MTsat in the mouse brain at 9.4 T and calculate sample sizes potentially required to detect effect sizes ranging from 6% to 14%.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwelve healthy C57Bl/6 mice.Field Strength/Sequence9.4 T; magnetization transfer imaging using FLASH‐3D Gradient Echo; T2‐weighted TurboRARE spin echo.AssessmentAll mice were scanned at two timepoints (5 days apart). MTR and MTsat maps were analyzed using mean region‐of‐interest (ROIs: corpus callosum [CC], internal capsule [IC], hippocampus [HC], cortex [CX], and thalamus [TH]), and whole brain voxel‐wise analysis.Statistical TestsBland–Altman plots were used to assess biases between test–retest measurements. Test–retest reproducibility was evaluated via between and within‐subject coefficients of variation (bsCV and wsCV, respectively). Sample sizes required were calculated (significance level: 95%; power: 80%), given effect sizes ranging from 6% to 14%, using both between and within‐subject approaches. Results were considered statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05.ResultsBland–Altman plots showed negligible biases between test–retest sessions (MTR: 0.0009; MTsat: 0). ROI‐based and voxel‐wise CVs revealed high reproducibility for both MTR (ROI‐bsCV/wsCV: CC—4.5/2.8%; IC—6.1/5.2%; HC—5.7/4.6%; CX—5.1/2.3%; TH—7.4/4.9%) and MTsat (ROI‐bsCV/wsCV: CC—6.3/4.8%; IC—7.3/5.1%; HC—9.5/6.4%; CX—6.7/6.5%; TH—7.2/5.3%). With a sample size of 6, changes on the order of 15% could be detected in MTR and MTsat, both between and within subjects, while smaller changes (6%–8%) required sample sizes of 10–15 for MTR, and 15–20 for MTsat.Data ConclusionMTsat exhibited comparable reproducibility to MTR, while providing sensitivity to myelin with less T1 dependence than MTR.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Raman spectroscopy of isotopically pure and diluted high‐ and low‐density amorphous ices
Authors: Ishihara Senri , Takayama Tetsuyuki , Sakaguchi Miyuki , Otosu Takuhiro , Yagasaki Takuma , Suzuki Yoshiharu , Yamaguchi Shoichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present an experimental and theoretical study of Raman spectroscopy of isotopically pure and diluted amorphous as well as crystalline ices at 30 K. Our experiments comprise polarized (VV) and depolarized (VH) spectra in the OH‐stretch region, whereas our calculations involve molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the high‐ and low‐density amorphous ices through vitrification and subsequent formulation of vibrational Hamiltonian of coupled OH oscillators in the hydrogen‐bond network of the ices. Our theoretical Raman VV and VH spectra at each isotopic dilution are in good agreement with the experimental data. This allows us not only to carry out detailed spectral assignments for the amorphous and crystalline ices from the viewpoint of vibrational phase, delocalization, and density of states but also to confirm the reliability of the MD simulation in which deeply supercooled liquid water spontaneously separates into high‐ and low‐density fluid phases below a liquid–liquid critical point.
Error analysis of sparkle contrast by applying image subtraction method
Authors: Kurashige Makio , Furui Gen , Ishida Kazutoshi , Nishio Shumpei , Kuzuhara Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Hiroko , Tsujimoto Jun , Tsunekawa Masayuki , Iwata Yukimitsu , Nakamura Norinaga 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMeasurement error of sparkle contrast was investigated by applying image subtraction method. The sparkle contrast was measured by changing the region of interest (ROI) and the imaging F‐number, while the measurement distance was fixed. The statistical error was dependent on the size of the ROI. It was suppressed when the ROI was over 100 × 100 LMD pixels under the condition which the intensity modulation of the image of the display matrix elements optically disappeared on the LMD sensor plane by choosing the specific combination of the effective F‐number of the imaging lens, the pitch of the display matrix element, and the optical magnification. The ratio of the intensity standard deviation of the subtracted image to that of the original image could be used as an error indicator of the statistical error by insufficient sampling points. It could also be used for analyzing the error caused by the low‐frequency intensity variations within the ROI. In case that the low‐frequency intensity variations were not eliminated from the measured sparkle pattern, the sparkle contrast kept changing with increasing the ROI. The error indicator was not converged to the certain value even if the size of the ROI was over 100 × 100 LMD pixels.