bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of ferrous iron‐containing endolysosomes and effects of endolysosome iron on endolysosome numbers, sizes, and localization patterns
Authors: Halcrow Peter W. , Kumar Nirmal , Afghah Zahra , Fischer Jalyn P. , Khan Nabab , Chen Xuesong , Meucci Olimpia , Geiger Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEndolysosomes are key regulators of iron metabolism and are central to iron trafficking and redox signaling. Iron homeostasis is linked to endolysosome acidity and inhibition of endolysosome acidity triggers iron dysregulation. Because of the physiological importance and pathological relevance of ferrous iron (Fe2+), we determined levels of Fe2+ specifically and quantitatively in endolysosomes as well as the effects of Fe2+ on endolysosome morphology, distribution patterns, and function. The fluorescence dye FeRhoNox‐1 was specific for Fe2+ and localized to endolysosomes in U87MG astrocytoma cells and primary rat cortical neurons; in U87MG cells the endolysosome concentration of Fe2+ ([Fe2+]el) was 50.4 μM in control cells, 73.6 μM in ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) treated cells, and 12.4 μM in cells treated with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Under control conditions, in primary rat cortical neurons, [Fe2+]el was 32.7 μM. Endolysosomes containing the highest levels of Fe2+ were located perinuclearly. Treatment of cells with FAC resulted in endolysosomes that were less acidic, increased in numbers and sizes, and located further from the nucleus; opposite effects were observed for treatments with DFO. Thus, FeRhoNox‐1 is a useful probe for the study of endolysosome Fe2+, and much more work is needed to understand better the physiological significance and pathological relevance of endolysosomes classified according to their heterogeneous iron content
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15396
Clinicopathological and molecular profile of grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Taboada Rodrigo , Claro Laura , Felismino Tiago , de Jesus Victor Hugo , Barros Milton , Riechelmann Rachel P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 2019 Word Health Organization (WHO) subclassified grade 3 (G3) gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) into neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) or tumours (G3 NET) based on morphology and proliferation. Yet, few data exist on molecular profiles for G3 NEN. We compared clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of these two groups. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive G3 GEP NEN patients and had their tumour tissues reviewed, reclassified as per the WHO 2019, and analyzed by a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Between 2000 and 2019, 43 patients had pathology revision: 29 (67%) were NEC and 14 (33%) were G3 NET, with a 23% change in diagnosis. Median overal survival for G3 NET and NEC patients was 55.6 and 11.9 months, respectively (hazard ratio = 2.78 [95% confidence interval = 1.09–7.11], p = .042), which was confirmed by an adjusted analysis (hazard ratio = 2.90 NEC vs. G3 NET; p = .03). NGS was performed in 32 cases: 21 NEC and 11 G3 NET. Mutations in RB1 and PTEN were exclusively encountered in NEC. Median tumour mutational burden was 5 (0–67) mutations per megabase in NEC and 4.5 (0–9) among G3 NET. Microsatellite instability was found in 3 (14.3%) NEC cases. In conclusion, pathology revision is essential to estimate prognosis and therapeutic plan. G3 GEP NEN generally harbour low tumor mutation burden and fewer actionable mutations, but 14% of NEC cases were microsatellite unstable and could benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Carboxytherapy in dermatology: A systematic review
Authors: Ahramiyanpour Najmeh , Shafie'ei Mohammad , Sarvipour Nastaran , Amiri Rezvan , Akbari Zahra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe overall effects of Carboxytherapy, defined as the administration of carbon dioxide, have been studied for many years. It has been suggested that by improving oxygenation, interacting with the tissue perfusion regulators, and disrupting the adipose cell membranes, the method can lead to notable improvements in different esthetic and pathological conditions. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the available studies evaluating the potential benefits of carboxytherapy in dermatological conditions and how it objectively stands against scientific scrutiny.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases, including the studies exploring the method's efficacy in managing any dermatological condition.ResultsA total 27 of studies were identified (with a pooled sample of over 700 cases), most of which were clinical trials. Facial wrinkles, periorbital hyperpigmentation, skin laxity deficiency, scars, striae distensae, localized lipolysis and cellulite, alopecia, chronic diabetic wounds, and psoriatic plaques comprised the package of the dermatological conditions that were studied. Except for a few studies, the method mainly demonstrated significant improvements on all of the mentioned conditions. The inter‐ and post‐operational adverse events were mild and transient, including erythema, pain, crepitus, and ecchymoses.DiscussionCarboxytherapy can provide those practicing in the field with sustainably favorable results. However, the numbers of cases on whom the fat‐reducing capabilities of the method were studied and experienced varying degrees of recurrence caught our eye. In addition, we observed a notable disparity between the outcome measures utilized in the studies. The modest sample size in each condition also added to the injury, as the conditions on which the method was evaluated are pretty common in the general population. Therefore, for a definite conclusion, more randomized controlled trials with the shortcomings mentioned well addressed need to be conducted.
Incentive pay for policy‐makers?
Authors: Britz Volker , Ebrahimi Afsoon , Gersbach Hans 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study how to efficiently motivate policy‐makers to solve political multitask problems. Political multitask problems typically have some outcomes that are difficult to measure. Moreover, there are conflicts among citizens about optimal policies and policy‐makers have the power to tax the citizens to invest in better outcomes for some tasks. We develop a political agency model with two tasks and only one measurable outcome. In such an environment, policy‐makers choose socially inefficient public good levels and expropriate minorities. A judicious combination of constitutional limits on taxation and incentive pay for policy‐makers is second‐best. Incentive pay is conditional on the public good level.
Thymbra capitata essential oil has a significant antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pre-formed biofilms
Authors: Almeida L. , Lopes N. , Gaio V. , Cavaleiro C. , Salgueiro L. , Silva V. , Poeta P. , Cerca N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen with a great ability to form biofilms. Herein, the antimicrobial potential of Thymbra capitata essential oil (EO) against MRSA biofilms was investigated. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the T. capitata EO was first investigated on a group of clinical isolates from septicaemias, diabetic foot ulcers and osteomyelitis. Biofilms were incubated with the EO at the MLC and its anti-biofilm potential was investigated. A strong antimicrobial activity was observed, with MIC and MLC values between 0·32 and 0·64 mg l−1. However, the concentration of EO necessary for the eradication of planktonic cells was insufficient to significantly reduce the biofilm biomass of some isolates. Nevertheless, cell culturability and overall cellular metabolism was strongly reduced in all biofilms tested, only when the EO was tested. Contrary to the tested antibiotics, T. capitata EO showed a significant antimicrobial activity against MRSA biofilms, by reducing cellular metabolism and cellular culturability.
Pythium and Phytopythium species associated with weeds collected in vegetable production fields in Brazil
Authors: Barboza E.A. , Cabral C.S. , Rossato M. , Martins F.H.S.R. , Reis A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to identify Pythium and Phytopythium species from weeds collected in vegetable fields and test their pathogenicity. Weeds with symptoms of damping-off, root rot or wilt were sampled in the Brazilian states of Ceará, Goiás and Pernambuco, as well as in the Distrito Federal, for isolation and identification of the causal agents. Once isolated, colonies with typical Pythium and Phytopythium characteristics grew in selective V8 medium. Procedures for species identification included morphology and amplification of the ITS and Cox II regions, which were compared with other accessions available at GenBank. The phylogenetic relationships among the isolates and pathogenicity to their original hosts were evaluated. Six Pythium species were identified: P. aphanidermatum, P. oopapillum, P. orthogonon, P. ultimum var. ultimum, P. myriotylum and P. sylvaticum, and two species of Phytopythium, Phy. chamaehyphon and Phy. oedochilum. In the pathogenicity tests, the 10 weed hosts showed symptoms of damping-off or root rot after inoculation, with exception of Portulaca oleraceae in which none of the isolates was pathogenic. Therefore, common weeds in vegetable fields areas can host different Pythium and Phytopythium species and play an important role in the epidemiology of vegetable diseases, in particular on pathogen survival and population increase.
Investigating Effects of Bilingualism on Syntactic Processing: Testing Structural Sensitivity Theory
Authors: Siu Tik‐Sze Carrey , Ho Suk‐Han Connie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study compared Chinese‐English bilinguals and English monolinguals within three age groups to examine whether bilinguals have an advantage in syntactic processing. Participants were tested on morphosyntactic awareness, word‐order awareness, artificial syntax learning, and general cognitive abilities. Bilinguals within the three age groups performed better than their monolingual peers in acquiring a novel syntax and in processing morphosyntax specific to English. The bilingual adults also outperformed their monolingual peers in processing language‐specific word order. Overall, the findings give credence to the structural sensitivity theory in accounting for bilingual syntactic processing. A bilingual advantage in language processing appears not confined to knowledge of and strategies specific to the additional language but constitutes a more abstract representation of underlying linguistic structure. Bilingual effects are also qualified by cross‐language differences in linguistic features, age, and the amount of bilingual experience.
Developing reverse genetics systems of northern cereal mosaic virus to reveal superinfection exclusion of two cytorhabdoviruses in barley plants
Authors: Fang Xiao‐Dong , Qiao Ji‐Hui , Zang Ying , Gao Qiang , Xu Wen‐Ya , Gao Dong‐Min , Yang Yi‐Zhou , Xie Liang , Wang Ying , Wang Xian‐Bing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, reverse genetics systems of plant negative‐stranded RNA (NSR) viruses have been developed to study virus–host interactions. Nonetheless, genetic rescue of plant NSR viruses in both insect vectors and monocot plants is very limited. Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, causes severe diseases in cereal plants through transmission by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) in a propagative manner. In this study, we first developed a minireplicon system of NCMV in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, and then recovered a recombinant NCMV virus (rNCMV‐RFP), with a red fluorescent protein (RFP) insertion, in SBPHs and barley plants. We further used rNCMV‐RFP and green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged barley yellow striate mosaic virus (rBYSMV‐GFP), a closely related cytorhabdovirus, to study superinfection exclusion, a widely observed phenomenon in dicot plants rarely studied in monocot plants. Interestingly, cellular superinfection exclusion of rBYSMV‐GFP and rNCMV‐RFP was observed in barley leaves. Our results demonstrate that two insect‐transmitted cytorhabdoviruses are enemies rather than friends at the cellular level during coinfections in plants.
Intermodality differences in statistical learning: phylogenetic and ontogenetic influences
Authors: Polyanskaya Leona , Manrique Héctor M. , Samuel Arthur G. , Marín Antonio , García‐Palacios Azucena , Ordin Mikhail 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Basque–Spanish bilinguals, statistical learning (SL) in the visual modality was more efficient on nonlinguistic than linguistic input; in the auditory modality, we found the reverse pattern of results. We hypothesize that SL was shaped for processing nonlinguistic environmental stimuli and only later, as the language faculty emerged, recycled for speech processing. This led to further adaptive changes in the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying speech processing, including SL. By contrast, as a recent cultural innovation, written language has not yet led to adaptations. The current study investigated whether such phylogenetic influences on SL can be modulated by ontogenetic influences on a shorter timescale, over the course of individual development. We explored how SL is modulated by the ambient linguistic environment. We found that SL in the auditory modality can be further modulated by exposure to a bilingual environment, in which speakers need to process a wider range of diverse speech cues. This effect was observed only on linguistic, not nonlinguistic, material. We conclude that ontogenetic factors modulate the efficiency of already existing SL ability, honing it for specific types of input, by providing new targets for selection via exposure to different cues in the sensory input.
Exploring the foundational origins of public service motivation through the lens of behavioral genetics
Authors: Florczak Christoffer , Rasmussen Stig Hebbelstrup Rye , Jensen Ulrich Thy , Stritch Justin M. , Christensen Kaare , Nørgaard Asbjørn Sonne , Klemmensen Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the proliferation of research on public service motivation (PSM), fundamental questions about its origins continue to evade scholars: Is PSM driven by genetics, socialized through experiences, or both? If PSM is socialized, when does socialization occur? Answering these questions is critical for reconciling the state versus trait debate, and for assessing the validity of practical implications prescribed by PSM studies. Utilizing “nature's own experiment,” we adopt a classical twin design with 1035 twin pairs to identify how genetic heritability, a common environment, or unique environment and experiences can explain variation in PSM. Results show that PSM is heavily influenced by individuals' unique environments and experiences; not by genetics. This lends strong evidence to PSM's uniqueness as a motivational construct as related “other‐regarding” concepts show sizeable genetic components. Finally, our results corroborate that PSM is a human resource with dynamic properties organizations can cultivate to enhance productivity in public service workforces.
Barriers to delivering trauma‐focused interventions for people with psychosis and post‐traumatic stress disorder: A qualitative study of health care professionals’ views
Authors: Chadwick Eleanor , Billings Jo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTrauma‐focused interventions have been shown to be effective treatments for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and clinical guidelines support their use with people with psychosis. Despite this, they are used relatively infrequently in this population. We sought to explore UK health care professionals’ perceptions of what impedes or facilitates the use of trauma‐focused interventions among people with psychosis and PTSD.DesignA qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory methodology.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 18 health care professionals working within the commissioning and delivery of clinical services for people with psychosis.ResultsThree inter‐related barriers to the use of trauma‐focused interventions were conceptualized: coherent understanding; structural support; and safe space.ConclusionsDelivery of trauma‐focused interventions within routine clinical practice may be supported by attention to the coherent integration of discussion of trauma into the clinical discourse of services; the processes, pathways, and organizational culture that facilitate access to treatment; and training that targets clinician confidence and skills.
Short‐term and long‐term associations with sleep onset latency in school children in Japan
Authors: Fujimura Yuko , Sekine Michikazu , Yamada Masaaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to examine the relationships between sleep onset latency and multiple sleep‐related factors of seventh and tenth graders during the transition from childhood to adolescence.MethodsRegarding sleep onset latency, we examined the short‐term associations in Phase IV (2002) and long‐term associations in Phase V (2005) of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study. In total, 4,673 boys and 4,694 girls in Phase IV and 2,969 boys and 3,108 girls in Phase V answered the questionnaire items regarding sleep, physical and mental health, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family and school factors. Considering sleep onset latency as the outcome and 13 sleep‐related factors as independent variables, we calculated the odds ratio using binary logistic regression. The longitudinal study was conducted with 1,703 boys and 1,919 girls whose sleep onset latency was within 30 min in Phase IV.ResultsThe following factors were found to be related to longer sleep onset latency in the short term: sleep duration, physical activity, game time, and self‐esteem in boys and sleep duration, bedroom environment, game time, abdominal pain, long‐standing illness, onset of puberty, mental health difficulties, and school avoidance feelings in girls. Regarding its long‐term effects, having a single parent and self‐esteem in boys and breakfast, game time, long‐standing illness, obesity, onset of puberty, and school avoidance feelings in girls were associated with longer sleep onset latency.ConclusionsEducation of adolescent health and sleep hygiene at home and school should include both short‐term and long‐term associations between sleep and a healthy lifestyle by gender.
Aerial surveys reveal biotic drivers of mangrove expansion along a Thai salt flat ecotone
Authors: Pranchai Aor , Jenke Michael , Pokavanich Tanuspong , Puangchit Ladawan , Berger Uta 
Published: February 2022

Rapid sea level rise (SLR) could overwhelm the adaptive capacity of many mangrove forests. The conservation of functional mangrove ecosystems will rely on their expansion into upper intertidal areas, including salt marshes and salt flats, in advance of SLR. The development of new mangrove habitats could be accelerated by amplifying positive biotic interactions among herbaceous plants, macrofauna, and mangrove trees, such as trapping of hydrochorous propagules or site amelioration. It was investigated how biotic and abiotic factors influenced the expansion of mixed‐species mangrove stands along a mangrove‐salt flat ecotone. Multi‐temporal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery (< 1 cm/pixel) was used to monitor seedlings of Avicennia alba, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Lumnitzera racemosa in three sample plots (0.7–0.9 ha) over 2 years. The aerial images were used to map mangrove crowns, sedges (Fimbristylis tetragona), substrate elevation, and microtopography. The spatial distribution of seedlings was modeled using point pattern processes; mixed‐effects models were used to analyze how environmental factors influenced seedling survival and growth. The spatio‐temporal patterns of mangrove regeneration revealed that sedges and macrofauna facilitated the regeneration of mangroves into higher‐elevated areas of low tree density. Sedges not only trapped seeds but also increased the likelihood of survival among seedlings of all species. Large‐sized propagules established in undulating microtopography created through the bioturbation of macrofauna. Herbaceous vegetation expanded the range of macrofauna in the absence of trees. Thus, the migration of mangroves into hypersaline retreat areas may be accelerated by enhancing the growth of herbaceous vegetation and promoting burrowing macrofauna.
Amenorrhea, premenstrual tension syndrome, and dysmenorrhea among women of reproductive age on hemodialysis: A national study in Egypt
Authors: Shemies Rasha Samir , El‐Gilany Abdel‐Hady , Sayed‐Ahmed Nagy , Megahed Abir Farouk , El‐Behnasawy Hebat‐Allah M. , Farouk Hanan Nagah , Saad Hany Helmy , El‐Anwar Mohamed H. , Gaber Tamer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and aimThe current literature concerning the reproductive health of end stage renal disease (ESRD) females is scarce, outdated, and largely unknown in women living in developing countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of menstrual abnormalities and their associated factors among ESRD women in reproductive age undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) in Egypt.MethodsThirty‐five dialysis centers were selected by simple random sampling to represent the different regions of Egypt. Non‐pregnant women in the reproductive age (15–50 years) receiving dialysis at the participating centers completed a questionnaire about their menstrual health during a routine hemodialysis session. Their responses were verified by reviewing the medical records and assessing their clinical data.ResultsOut of the 472 women, 32.6% had amenorrhea. Menstrual irregularities were reported in 37% of the menstruating women. Premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) was reported in 70% while dysmenorrhea in 58%. Amenorrhea was more prevalent in non‐working women who started hemodialysis after the age of 30. PMS was more encountered in women with hypertension or in those with obstructive uropathy or autoimmune disease as a cause of ESRD. Dysmenorrhea was more prevalent among patients with autoimmune disease or chronic hepatitis C virus and those who started dialysis after the age of 30.ConclusionSecondary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and PMS are common among premenopausal women with ESRD on dialysis. Several factors including socio‐economic factors, cause of ESRD, and hypertension contribute to these disorders. Future studies are needed to understand the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and management of these abnormalities.