bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-assembled perylene/graphene oxide photosensitive heterobilayer for efficient neuromorphics
Authors: Zhang He-Shan , Dong Xue-Mei , Zhang Zi-Cheng , Zhang Ze-Pu , Ban Chao-Yi , Zhou Zhe , Song Cheng , Yan Shi-Qi , Xin Qian , Liu Ju-Qing , Li Yin-Xiang , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic electronics, which use artificial photosensitive synapses, can emulate biological nervous systems with in-memory sensing and computing abilities. Benefiting from multiple intra/interactions and strong light-matter coupling, two-dimensional heterostructures are promising synaptic materials for photonic synapses. Two primary strategies, including chemical vapor deposition and physical stacking, have been developed for layered heterostructures, but large-scale growth control over wet-chemical synthesis with comprehensive efficiency remains elusive. Here we demonstrate an interfacial coassembly heterobilayer films from perylene and graphene oxide (GO) precursors, which are spontaneously formed at the interface, with uniform bilayer structure of single-crystal perylene and well-stacked GO over centimeters in size. The planar heterostructure device exhibits an ultrahigh specific detectivity of 3.1 × 1013 Jones and ultralow energy consumption of 10−9 W as well as broadband photoperception from 365 to 1550 nm. Moreover, the device shows outstanding photonic synaptic behaviors with a paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) index of 214% in neuroplasticity, the heterosynapse array has the capability of information reinforcement learning and recognition.
Oligodendrocyte differentiation alters tRNA modifications and codon optimality-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Martin Sophie , Allan Kevin C. , Pinkard Otis , Sweet Thomas , Tesar Paul J. , Coller Jeff 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOligodendrocytes are specialized cells that confer neuronal myelination in the central nervous system. Leukodystrophies associated with oligodendrocyte deficits and hypomyelination are known to result when a number of tRNA metabolism genes are mutated. Thus, for unknown reasons, oligodendrocytes may be hypersensitive to perturbations in tRNA biology. In this study, we survey the tRNA transcriptome in the murine oligodendrocyte cell lineage and find that specific tRNAs are hypomodified in oligodendrocytes within or near the anticodon compared to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). This hypomodified state may be the result of differential expression of key modification enzymes during oligodendrocyte differentiation. Moreover, we observe a concomitant relationship between tRNA hypomodification and tRNA decoding potential; observing oligodendrocyte specific alterations in codon optimality-mediated mRNA decay and ribosome transit. Our results reveal that oligodendrocytes naturally maintain a delicate, hypersensitized tRNA/mRNA axis. We suggest this axis is a potential mediator of pathology in leukodystrophies and white matter disease when further insult to tRNA metabolism is introduced.
A multi-scale probabilistic atlas of the human connectome
Authors: Alemán-Gómez Yasser , Griffa Alessandra , Houde Jean-Christophe , Najdenovska Elena , Magon Stefano , Cuadra Meritxell Bach , Descoteaux Maxime , Hagmann Patric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe human brain is a complex system that can be efficiently represented as a network of structural connectivity. Many imaging studies would benefit from such network information, which is not always available. In this work, we present a whole-brain multi-scale structural connectome atlas. This tool has been derived from a cohort of 66 healthy subjects imaged with optimal technology in the setting of the Human Connectome Project. From these data we created, using extensively validated diffusion-data processing, tractography and gray-matter parcellation tools, a multi-scale probabilistic atlas of the human connectome. In addition, we provide user-friendly and accessible code to match this atlas to individual brain imaging data to extract connection-specific quantitative information. This can be used to associate individual imaging findings, such as focal white-matter lesions or regional alterations, to specific connections and brain circuits. Accordingly, network-level consequences of regional changes can be analyzed even in absence of diffusion and tractography data. This method is expected to broaden the accessibility and lower the yield for connectome research.
Effects of maternal age and offspring sex on milk yield, composition and calf growth of red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Pérez-Barbería F. J. , García A. J. , Brewer M. J. , Cappelli J. , Serrano M. P. , Gallego L. , Landete-Castillejos T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDifferential maternal allocation theory states that mothers will invest more heavily in the offspring sex that will secure higher reproductive output. Senescence theory is concerned with the gradual deterioration of physiological function with age. We analysed the offspring sex-dependent response of calf growth and milk traits to mother age in an Iberian population of captive red deer(Cervus elaphus)using a 22 year time series longitudinal data set. Previous studies revealed that there was little evidence for the differential allocation theory on milk traits and that most studies lacked proper control for confounding factors. Our results indicated that (i) calf growth was offspring male-biased, negatively affected by mother age and positively influenced by mother weight and parity, and (ii) there was no support for differential allocation offspring sex-dependence in milk traits (yield, energy density, fat, protein and lactose content). Our findings suggest that maternal allocation responds to offspring energy requirements, which are mainly driven by offspring body weight, and contingent on mother age and weight and previous maternal reproductive effort.
Magic wavelength for a rovibrational transition in molecular hydrogen
Authors: Jóźwiak H. , Wcisło P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMolecular hydrogen, among other simple calculable atomic and molecular systems, possesses a huge advantage of having a set of ultralong living rovibrational states that make it well suited for studying fundamental physics. Further experimental progress will require trapping cold H2 samples. However, due to the large energy of the first electronic excitation, the conventional approach to finding a magic wavelength does not work for H2. We find a rovibrational transition for which the AC Stark shift is largely compensated by the interplay between the isotropic and anisotropic components of polarizability. The residual AC Stark shift can be completely eliminated by tuning the trapping laser to a specific “magic wavelength” at which the weak quadrupole polarizability cancels the residual dipole polarizability.
Oviposition stimulants underlying different preferences between host races in the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: Katte Tomoko , Shimoda Shota , Kobayashi Takuya , Wada-Katsumata Ayako , Nishida Ritsuo , Ohshima Issei , Ono Hajime 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe importance of plant chemistry in the host specialization of phytophagous insects has been emphasized. However, only a few chemicals associated with host shifting have been characterized. Herein, we focus on the leaf-mining mothAcrocercops transecta(Gracillariidae) consisting of ancestralJuglans(Juglandaceae)- and derivedLyonia(Ericaceae)-associated host races. The females of theLyoniarace laid eggs on a cover glass treated with anL.ovalifolialeaf extract; the extract was fractionated using silica gel and ODS column chromatography to isolate the oviposition stimulants. From a separated fraction, two analogousLyonia-specific triterpenoid glycosides were characterized as oviposition stimulants. Furthermore, we observed probable contact chemosensilla on the distal portion of the female antennae.Lyoniarace females laid their eggs on the non-hostJuglansafter the leaves were treated with aLyonia-specific oviposition stimulant, although they do not lay eggs onJuglans. These results suggest thatLyoniarace females do not lay eggs onJuglansleaves because the leaves do not contain specific oviposition stimulant(s). Otherwise, the activity of the oviposition stimulants overcomes oviposition deterrents contained inJuglansleaves. This paper describes the roles of plant chemicals in the different preferences between host races associated with distantly related plant taxa.
A Physarum-inspired approach to the Euclidean Steiner tree problem
Authors: Hsu Sheryl , Massolo Fidel I. Schaposnik , Schaposnik Laura P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel biologically-inspired explore-and-fuse approach to solving a large array of problems. The inspiration comes from Physarum, a unicellular slime mold capable of solving the traveling salesman and Steiner tree problems. Besides exhibiting individual intelligence, Physarum can also share information with other Physarum organisms through fusion. These characteristics of Physarum imply that spawning many such organisms we can explore the problem space in parallel, each individual gathering information and forming partial solutions pertaining to a local region of the problem space. When the organisms meet, they fuse and share information, eventually forming one organism which has a global view of the problem and can apply its intelligence to find an overall solution to the problem. This approach can be seen as a “softer” method of divide and conquer. We demonstrate this novel approach, developing the Physarum Steiner Algorithm which is capable of finding feasible solutions to the Euclidean Steiner tree problem. This algorithm is of particular interest due to its resemblance to Physarum polycephalum, ability to leverage parallel processing, avoid obstacles, and operate on various shapes and topological surfaces including the rectilinear grid.
Supplementation of mixed doses of glutamate and glutamine can improve the growth and gut health of piglets during the first 2 weeks post-weaning
Authors: Luise Diana , Correa Federico , Chalvon-Demersay Tristan , Galosi Livio , Rossi Giacomo , Lambert William , Bosi Paolo , Trevisi Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the effect of mixing doses of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) on the growth, health and gut health of post-weaning piglets. One hundred twenty weaned piglets (24 ± 2 days of age) were assigned to 6 dietary groups: (1) standard diet (CO); (2) CO plus Glu (6 kg/Ton): 100Glu; (3) CO plus 75Glu + 25Gln; (4) CO plus 50Glu + 50Gln; (5) CO plus 25Glu + 75Gln and (6) CO plus 100Gln. At days 8 and 21, blood was collected for haematological and reactive oxygen metabolite analysis, intestinal mucosa for morphological and gene expression analysis, and caecal content for microbial analysis. Data were fitted using a Generalised Linear Model (GLM). Piglet growth increased linearly with an increase in Gln from d7 to d14. The Glu:Gln ratio had a quadratic effect on faecal consistency and days of diarrhoea, neutrophil% and lymphocyte%, and a positive linear effect on monocyte% in the blood at d8. The amino acids (AAs) reduced the intraepithelial lymphocytes in the jejunum, and 100Gln improved intestinal barrier integrity at d8. The caecal microbiota did not differ. Overall, this study suggested a favourable effect of mixing Glu and Gln (25 + 75–50 + 50) as a dietary supplementation in post-weaning piglets to benefit the immune and barrier function of the gut, resulting in an increase in faecal consistency and improvement of growth during the first 2 weeks post-weaning.
Dynamic patterning of microparticles with acoustic impulse control
Authors: Cox Luke , Croxford Anthony , Drinkwater Bruce W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the use of impulse control of an acoustic field to create complex and precise particle patterns and then dynamically manipulate them. We first demonstrate that the motion of a particle in an acoustic field depends on the applied impulse and three distinct regimes can be identified. The high impulse regime is the well established mode where particles travel to the force minima of an applied continuous acoustic field. In contrast acoustic field switching in the low impulse regime results in a force field experienced by the particle equal to the time weighted average of the constituent force fields. We demonstrate via simulation and experiment that operating in the low impulse regime facilitates an intuitive and modular route to forming complex patterns of particles. The intermediate impulse regime is shown to enable more localised manipulation of particles. In addition to patterning, we demonstrate a set of impulse control tools to clear away undesired particles to further increase the contrast of the pattern against background. We combine these tools to create high contrast patterns as well as moving and re-configuring them. These techniques have applications in areas such as tissue engineering where they will enable complex, high fidelity cell patterns.
Cytoskeletal assembly in axonal outgrowth and regeneration analyzed on the nanoscale
Authors: Hofmann Max , Biller Lucas , Michel Uwe , Bähr Mathias , Koch Jan Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe axonal cytoskeleton is organized in a highly periodic structure, the membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS), which is essential to maintain the structure and function of the axon. Here, we use stimulated emission depletion microscopy of primary rat cortical neurons in microfluidic chambers to analyze the temporal and spatial sequence of MPS formation at the distal end of growing axons and during regeneration after axotomy. We demonstrate that the MPS does not extend continuously into the growing axon but develops from patches of periodic βII-spectrin arrangements that grow and coalesce into a continuous scaffold. We estimate that the underlying sequence of assembly, elongation, and subsequent coalescence of periodic βII-spectrin patches takes around 15 h. Strikingly, we find that development of the MPS occurs faster in regenerating axons after axotomy and note marked differences in the morphology of the growth cone and adjacent axonal regions between regenerating and unlesioned axons. Moreover, we find that inhibition of the spectrin-cleaving enzyme calpain accelerates MPS formation in regenerating axons and increases the number of regenerating axons after axotomy. Taken together, we provide here a detailed nanoscale analysis of MPS development in growing axons.
Ti-based robust MOFs in the combined photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic contaminants
Authors: Rojas Sara , García-González Jessica , Salcedo-Abraira Pablo , Rincón Irene , Castells-Gil Javier , Padial Natalia M. , Marti-Gastaldo Carlos , Horcajada Patricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotocatalysis process is a promising technology for environmental remediation. In the continuous search of new heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a new type of photoactive materials for water remediation. Particularly, titanium-based MOFs (Ti-MOFs) are considered one of the most appealing subclass of MOFs due to their promising optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties, high chemical stability, and unique structural features. However, considering the limited information of the reported studies, it is a hard task to determine if real-world water treatment is attainable using Ti-MOF photocatalysts. In this paper, via a screening with several Ti-MOFs, we originally selected and described the potential of a Ti-MOF in the photodegradation of a mixture of relevant Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) in real water. Initially, two challenging drugs (i.e., the β-blocker atenolol (At) and the veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT)) and four water stable and photoactive Ti-MOF structures have been rationally selected. From this initial screening, the mesoporous Ti-trimesate MIL-100(Ti) was chosen as the most promising photocatalyst, with higher At or SMT individual photodegradation (100% of At and SMT photodegradation in 2 and 4 h, respectively). Importantly, the safety of the formed by-products from the At and SMT photodegradation was confirmed. Finally, the At and SMT photodegradation capacity of MIL-100(Ti) was confirmed under realistic conditions, by using a mixture of contaminants in tap drinking water (100% of At and SMT photodegradation in 4 h), proven in addition its potential recyclability, which reinforces the potential of MIL-100(Ti) in water remediation.
Regulation of the p38-MAPK pathway by hyperosmolarity and by WNK kinases
Authors: Liu Zetao , Demian Wael , Persaud Avinash , Jiang Chong , Subramanaya Arohan R. , Rotin Daniela 
Published: August 2022

Abstractp38-MAPK is a stress-response kinase activated by hyperosmolarity. Here we interrogated the pathways involved. We show that p38-MAPK signaling is activated by hyperosmotic stimulation in various solutions, cell types and colonic organoids. Hyperosmolarity sensing is detected at the level of the upstream activators of p38-MAPK: TRAF2/ASK1 (but not Rac1) and MKK3/6/4. While WNK kinases are known osmo-sensors, we found, unexpectedly, that short (2 h) inhibition of WNKs (with WNK463) led to elevated p38-MAPK activity under hyperosmolarity, which was mediated by WNK463-dependent stimulation of TAK1 or TRAF2/ASK1, the upstream activators of MKK3/6/4. However, this effect was temporary and was reversed by long-term (2 days) incubation with WNK463. Accordingly, 2 days (but not 2 h) inhibition of p38-MAPK or its upstream activators ASK1 or TAK1, or WNKs, diminished regulatory volume increase (RVI) following cell shrinkage under hyperosmolarity. We also show that RVI mediated by the ion transporter NKCC1 is dependent on p38-MAPK. Since WNKs are known activators of NKCC1, we propose a WNK- > NKCC1- > p38-MAPK pathway that controls RVI. This pathway is augmented by NHE1. Additionally, hyperosmolarity inhibited mTORC1 activation and cell proliferation. Thus, activation of p38-MAPK and WNKs is important for RVI and for cell proliferation.
Mild movement sequence repetition in five primate species and evidence for a taxonomic divide in cognitive mechanisms
Authors: Kumpan L. Tamara , Vining Alexander Q. , Joyce Megan M. , Aguado William D. , Smeltzer Eve A. , Turner Sarah E. , Teichroeb Julie A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen animals forage, they face complex multi-destination routing problems. Traplining behaviour—the repeated use of the same route—can be used to study how spatial memory might evolve to cope with complex routing problems in ecologically distinct taxa. We analyzed experimental data from multi-destination foraging arrays for five species, two cercopithecine monkeys (vervets, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, and Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata) and three strepsirrhines (fat-tailed dwarf lemurs, Cheirogaleus medius, grey mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus, and aye-ayes, Daubentonia madagascariensis). These species all developed relatively efficient route formations within the arrays but appeared to rely on variable cognitive mechanisms. We found a strong reliance on heuristics in cercopithecoid species, with initial routes that began near optimal and did not improve with experience. In strepsirrhines, we found greater support for reinforcement learning of location-based decisions, such that routes improved with experience. Further, we found evidence of repeated sequences of site visitation in all species, supporting previous suggestions that primates form traplines. However, the recursive use of routes was weak, differing from the strategies seen in well-known traplining animals. Differences between strepsirrhine and cercopithecine strategies may be the result of either ecological or phylogenetic trends, and we discuss future possibilities for disentangling the two.
Human preferences toward algorithmic advice in a word association task
Authors: Bogert Eric , Lauharatanahirun Nina , Schecter Aaron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlgorithms provide recommendations to human decision makers across a variety of task domains. For many problems, humans will rely on algorithmic advice to make their choices and at times will even show complacency. In other cases, humans are mistrustful of algorithmic advice, or will hold algorithms to higher standards of performance. Given the increasing use of algorithms to support creative work such as text generation and brainstorming, it is important to understand how humans will respond to algorithms in those scenarios—will they show appreciation or aversion? This study tests the effects of algorithmic advice for a word association task, the remote associates test (RAT). The RAT task is an established instrument for testing critical and creative thinking with respect to multiple word association. We conducted a preregistered online experiment (154 participants, 2772 observations) to investigate whether humans had stronger reactions to algorithmic or crowd advice when completing multiple instances of the RAT. We used an experimental format in which subjects see a question, answer the question, then receive advice and answer the question a second time. Advice was provided in multiple formats, with advice varying in quality and questions varying in difficulty. We found that individuals receiving algorithmic advice changed their responses 13$$\%$$
%
more frequently ($$\chi ^{2} = 59.06$$

χ
2

=
59.06

, $$p < 0.001$$

p
<
0.001

) and reported greater confidence in their final solutions. However, individuals receiving algorithmic advice also were 13$$\%$$
%
less likely to identify the correct solution ($$\chi ^{2} = 58.79$$

χ
2

=
58.79

, $$p < 0.001$$

p
<
0.001

). This study highlights both the promises and pitfalls of leveraging algorithms to support creative work.
Convergence, divergence, and macroevolutionary constraint as revealed by anatomical network analysis of the squamate skull, with an emphasis on snakes
Authors: Strong Catherine R. C. , Scherz Mark D. , Caldwell Michael W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraditionally considered the earliest-diverging group of snakes, scolecophidians are central to major evolutionary paradigms regarding squamate feeding mechanisms and the ecological origins of snakes. However, quantitative analyses of these phenomena remain scarce. Herein, we therefore assess skull modularity in squamates via anatomical network analysis, focusing on the interplay between ‘microstomy’ (small-gaped feeding), fossoriality, and miniaturization in scolecophidians. Our analyses reveal distinctive patterns of jaw connectivity across purported ‘microstomatans’, thus supporting a more complex scenario of jaw evolution than traditionally portrayed. We also find that fossoriality and miniaturization each define a similar region of topospace (i.e., connectivity-based morphospace), with their combined influence imposing further evolutionary constraint on skull architecture. These results ultimately indicate convergence among scolecophidians, refuting widespread perspectives of these snakes as fundamentally plesiomorphic and morphologically homogeneous. This network-based examination of skull modularity—the first of its kind for snakes, and one of the first to analyze squamates—thus provides key insights into macroevolutionary trends among squamates, with particular implications for snake origins and evolution.