bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified electron beam output calibration based on IAEA Technical Report Series 398
Authors: Pawiro Supriyanto Ardjo , Mahfirotin Dwi Aprilia , Assegab Muhamad Iqbal , Wibowo Wahyu Edy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe recently worldwide standard measurement of electron beam reference dosimetry include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series (TRS)‐398 and Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group (TG)‐51 protocols. Muir et al. have modified calibration methods for electron beam calibration based on AAPM TG‐51. They found that the use of cylindrical chambers at low energy gave acceptable results. In this study, we propose and report a modified calibration for electron beam based on IAEA TRS‐398, the standard reference dosimetry protocol worldwide.MethodsThis work was carried out with energies of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 MeV. The electron beam is generated from Elektra Synergy Platform and Versa HD linear accelerator. The charge readings were measured with PTW 30013, IBA CC13, Exradin A1Sl, and Exradin A11 chambers connected to the electrometer. The dose calculation uses an equation of modified calibration for electron beam using the updated factor in previous work. The absorbed dose to water for electron beam is expressed in dose per monitor unit (cGy/MU). Thus, we compared dose per monitor unit (D/MU) calculation using a modified calibration to TRS‐398.ResultsIn this work, we have succeeded in implementing the modified calibration of electron beam based on TRS‐398 by applying a cylindrical chamber in all energy beams and using the updated factor. The ratio of the absorbed dose to water between original and modified calibration protocols of TRS‐398 (Dw) for the cylindrical chamber was 1.002 on the Elekta Synergy Platform and 1.000 on the Versa HD while for the parallel‐plate chamber it was 1.013 on the Elekta Synergy Platform and 1.014 on the Versa HD. Based on these results, both the cylindrical and parallel‐plate chambers are still within the tolerance limit allowed by the TRS‐398 protocol, which is ±2%. Therefore, modified calibration based on TRS‐398 gives acceptable results and is simpler to use clinically.
Measuring the Impact of MyLupusGuide in Canada: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Fortin Paul R. , Neville Carolyn , Julien Anne‐Sophie , Rahme Elham , Haroun Vinita , Nimigon‐Young Jodie , Morrison Anna‐Lisa , Eng Davy , Peschken Christine A. , Vinet Evelyne , Hudson Marie , Smith Doug , Matsos Mark , Pope Janet E. , Clarke Ann E. , Keeling Stephanie , Avina‐Zubieta J. Antonio , Rochon Murray , Da Costa Deborah 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess the effects of a web‐based program, MyLupusGuide, developed to facilitate self‐management in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsIn this randomized controlled online study, participants received either immediate access to the MyLupusGuide site or delayed access starting on month 3. The primary outcome was the patient activation measure (PAM) score. Secondary outcomes included measurements of health status, self‐efficacy, coping, perceived patient–physician relationship, and medication adherence. Outcomes were measured at the baseline visit and at the 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐up visits. We used linear mixed modeling to compare PAM scores between the 2 groups at months 3 and 6.ResultsThere were 541 participants included in this study. The mean ± SE age was 50 ± 14 years; 93% were female and 74% were White. The mean ± SE disease duration was 17 ± 12 years, and 56% visited MyLupusGuide at least once. The baseline mean ± SE PAM score was 61.2 ± 13, with 36% scoring low for perceived self‐management skills. After 3 months of exposure to MyLupusGuide, there were no differences in terms of PAM scores between groups. In exploratory analyses, we found significant improvement in PAM scores in those who had low PAM scores at baseline and in male individuals. We observed significant improvements in self‐efficacy before and after access to MyLupusGuide and delayed improvements at month 6 compared to month 3 in terms of mental health and emotional coping.ConclusionMyLupusGuide increases self‐efficacy but not patient activation. A total of 56% of participants visited the MyLupusGuide site during the study period. Individuals with lupus need support to become activated toward self‐management behaviors.
Meso‐Microporous Nanosheet‐Constructed 3DOM Perovskites for Remarkable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhao Heng , Liu Jing , Li Chao‐Fan , Zhang Xu , Li Yu , Hu Zhi‐Yi , Li Bei , Chen Zhangxin , Hu Jinguang , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structures have been widely utilized to largely enhance a photocatalytic activity. However, the common nanoparticles‐constructed 3DOM photocatalysts possess numerous grain boundaries, unavoidably leading to a fast recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Herein, for the first time, a hierarchically two‐dimensional (2D) meso‐microporous perovskite nanosheet‐constructed 3DOM CaTiO3 to significantly reduce the grain boundaries is designed and fabricated. Using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a metal‐free co‐catalyst, the 3DOM CQDs‐CaTiO3 exhibits an outstanding photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation of 0.13 mmol h−1 (20 mg photocatalyst) with remarkable apparent quantum efficiency (QAY) of 14.55% at 365 nm monochromatic light. This unprecedented performance is endowed by the synergy of a macro‐meso‐microporosity architecture, a large surface area, enhanced light harvesting, and improved charge carriers separation and transport. Density functional theory calculations and finite difference time‐domain simulations further reveal the mechanism behind the enhanced separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The present work demonstrates a trial on rationally designing meso‐microporous nanosheet‐constructed 3DOM perovskites for solar driven hydrogen production.
Gelatin‐Lysozyme Nanofibrils Electrospun Patches with Improved Mechanical, Antioxidant, and Bioresorbability Properties for Myocardial Regeneration Applications
Authors: Carvalho Tiago , Ezazi Nazanin Zanjanizadeh , Correia Alexandra , Vilela Carla , Santos Hélder A. , Freire Carmen S. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiopolymeric patches show enormous potential for the regeneration of infarcted myocardium tissues. However, most of them usually lack appropriate mechanical performance, stability in water, and important functionalities; for instance, antioxidant activity. Protein nanofibrils, such as lysozyme nanofibrils (LNFs), are biocompatible nanostructures with excellent mechanical performance, water insolubility, and antioxidant activity exploited to fabricate materials for different biomedical applications. In this study, LNFs are used to produce gelatin electrospun nanocomposite cardiac patches with improved properties. The addition of the LNFs to the gelatin electrospun patches enhance their mechanical properties, increasing the patches Young's modulus from 3 to 6 MPa, in their wet state, which agrees with the requirements of myocardial contractility. Additionally, it is observed an increment of the antioxidant activity to 80%, by adding only 5% (w/w) of LNFs, and the bioresorbability rate is shortened to 30–35 d, compared to 45 d for the gelatin‐only patches, while maintaining their morphology, and biocompatibility toward cardiomyoblasts and fibroblasts. Furthermore, 15% of a model drug is burst released from the patches and preserved for 21 d. Overall, these results demonstrate that LNFs have a great potential as functional reinforcements to fabricate biopolymeric electrospun patches for myocardial infarcted tissue regeneration.
Fog Harvesting Devices Inspired from Single to Multiple Creatures: Current Progress and Future Perspective
Authors: Yu Zhihua , Zhu Tianxue , Zhang Jichao , Ge Mingzheng , Fu Shaohai , Lai Yuekun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe increasing demand for clean water driven by the rapid growth of the population and the pollution of water necessitates the development of direct and rapid water harvesting methods. Fog harvesting is proven as a highly efficient water capture method in dry but foggy areas. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art developments on the multiple biomimetic fog harvesting devices (FHDs) are presented. First, the fundamental and specific mechanisms of fog harvesting involving the Namib Desert beetle, spider silk, cactus, and Nepenthes alata are described in detail, respectively. Second, an in‐depth discussion on the mechanisms of fog harvesting including fog capture and water transport is proposed. Third, a detailed account of the innovative design strategies and fabrication technologies of FHDs is proposed, from single to multiple biomimetic FHDs with typical examples and the merits and demerits are compared. Finally, a critical analysis of current challenges and future development is presented, aiming to promote next‐generation FHDs from scientific research to practical application.
Patterning of Wafer‐Scale MXene Films for High‐Performance Image Sensor Arrays
Authors: Li Bo , Zhu Qian‐Bing , Cui Cong , Liu Chi , Wang Zuo‐Hua , Feng Shun , Sun Yun , Zhu Hong‐Lei , Su Xin , Zhao Yi‐Ming , Zhang Hong‐Wang , Yao Jian , Qiu Song , Li Qing‐Wen , Wang Xiao‐Mu , Wang Xiao‐Hui , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Sun Dong‐Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a rapidly growing family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, MXenes are recognized as promising materials for the development of future electronics and optoelectronics. So far, the reported patterning methods for MXene films lack efficiency, resolution, and compatibility, resulting in limited device integration and performance. Here, a high‐performance MXene image sensor array fabricated by a wafer‐scale combination patterning method of an MXene film is reported. This method combines MXene centrifugation, spin‐coating, photolithography, and dry‐etching and is highly compatible with mainstream semiconductor processing, with a resolution up to 2 µm, which is at least 100 times higher than other large‐area patterning methods reported previously. As a result, a high‐density integrated array of 1024‐pixel Ti3C2Tx/Si photodetectors with a detectivity of 7.73 × 1014 Jones and a light–dark current ratio (Ilight/Idark) of 6.22 × 106, which is the ultrahigh value among all reported MXene‐based photodetectors, is fabricated. This patterning technique paves a way for large‐scale high‐performance MXetronics compatible with mainstream semiconductor processes.
Modulating Non‐Radiative Deactivation via Acceptor Reconstruction to Expand High‐Efficient Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Li Zhiyi , Hu Taiping , Gao Teng , Yi Yuanping , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of high‐efficient red thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials is crucial to expanding their applications. Here, the acceptor reconstruction strategies of acceptor bonding and acceptor fusing in donor–acceptor‐type materials to modulate their nonradiative deactivation process and emission color for expanding high‐efficient red TADF emitters are presented. They are applied to design novel red TADF emitters TXO‐b‐TPA and TXO‐f‐TPA based on non‐red thioxanthone oxide (TXO) acceptor. Compared to TXO‐based emitter TXO‐TPA, these acceptor reconstruction strategies enable red‐shifted (48–88 nm) and efficient red TADF emission (600–640 nm). Their radiative and nonradiative transition processes can be modulated by the different molecular orbital and excited state distributions based on their acceptor structural differences, which results in a dramatic enhancement of their organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device efficiencies from 1.21/3.63% (TXO‐f‐TPA) to 20.9% (TXO‐b‐TPA). These results confirm that the acceptor reconstruction strategies provide a viable solution for overcoming the limitations of previous red TADF emitters. Moreover, the retrieval of reported TADF materials can further demonstrate that these acceptor reconstruction strategies can be transferrable to more non‐red TADF materials to expand high‐efficient red‐shift and/or red TADF materials.
Expression of Channelrhodopsin‐2 in Rod Bipolar Cells Restores ON and OFF Responses at High Spatial Resolution in Blind Mouse Retina
Authors: Reh Miriam , Lee Meng‐Jung , Zeck Günther 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRod bipolar cells (rBCs) represent a promising target for vision restoration as they relay information to the major image processing pathways in the retina. However, the diversity of the retinal output and the resolution obtained by optogenetic actuation of rBCs is unclear. Herein, the photostimulation of rBCs expressing channelrhodopsin‐2 is studied in a transgenic, photoreceptor‐degeneration mouse (rd10) while simultaneously recording the retinal output using a high‐density microelectrode array. After analyzing several hundred retinal output neurons, both optogenetic ON and OFF type responses are identified at similar ratio at stimulation thresholds well below photodamage intensity. The temporal latency of both response types is in the same range ( 50 ms) as reported for healthy mouse retinal ganglion cells. The spatial resolution ranges between 0.1 and 0.2 cycles deg‐1, which is close to that found in healthy mice. Photostimulation over an extended area (29 deg) but not localized stimuli induces strong bursting activity, which may originate from large‐scale activation of a coupled network of retinal cells. The distinct ON and OFF optogenetically induced activity patterns in retinal ganglion cells and the high temporal and spatial resolution demonstrate that near‐physiological vision restoration may be achieved under optimal conditions in late stage retinal degeneration.
Correlative AFM and Scanning Microlens Microscopy for Time‐Efficient Multiscale Imaging
Authors: Zhang Tianyao , Yu Haibo , Shi Jialin , Wang Xiaoduo , Luo Hao , Lin Daojing , Liu Zhu , Su Chanmin , Wang Yuechao , Liu Lianqing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the rapid evolution of microelectronics and nanofabrication technologies, the feature sizes of large‐scale integrated circuits continue to move toward the nanoscale. There is a strong need to improve the quality and efficiency of integrated circuit inspection, but it remains a great challenge to provide both rapid imaging and circuit node‐level high‐resolution images simultaneously using a conventional microscope. This paper proposes a nondestructive, high‐throughput, multiscale correlation imaging method that combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microlens‐based scanning optical microscopy. In this method, a microlens is coupled to the end of the AFM cantilever and the sample‐facing side of the microlens contains a focused ion beam deposited tip which serves as the AFM scanning probe. The introduction of a microlens improves the imaging resolution of the AFM optical system, providing a 3–4× increase in optical imaging magnification while the scanning imaging throughput is improved ≈8×. The proposed method bridges the resolution gap between traditional optical imaging and AFM, achieves cross‐scale rapid imaging with micrometer to nanometer resolution, and improves the efficiency of AFM‐based large‐scale imaging and detection. Simultaneously, nanoscale‐level correlation between the acquired optical image and structure information is enabled by the method, providing a powerful tool for semiconductor device inspection.
Highly Efficient and Stable Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorophor with Donor‐Void‐Acceptor Motif
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Wada Yoshimasa , Wang Qi , Dai Hengyi , Fan Tianjiao , Meng Guoyun , Wei Jinbei , Zhang Yuewei , Suzuki Katsuaki , Li Guomeng , Duan Lian , Kaji Hironori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorophores (TADF) with donor–acceptor (D‐A) structures always face strong conjugation between donor and acceptor segments, rendering delocalized new molecular orbitals that go against blue emission. Developing TADF emitters with blue colors, high efficiencies, and long lifetimes simultaneously is therefore challenging. Here, a D‐void‐A structure with D and A moieties connected at the void‐position where the frontier orbital from donor and acceptor cannot be distributed, resulting in nonoverlap of the orbitals is proposed. A proof‐of‐the‐concept TADF emitter with 3,6‐diphenyl‐9H‐carbazole (D) connected at the 3’3‐positions of 9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (A), the void carbon‐atom with no distribution of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of A‐segment, realizes more efficient and blue‐shifted emission compared with the contrast D‐A isomers. The deeper HOMO‐2 of A is found to participate into conjugation rather than HOMO, providing a wider‐energy‐gap. The corresponding blue device exhibits a y color coordinate (CIEy) of 0.252 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 27.5%. The stability of this compound is further evaluated as a sensitizer for a multiple resonance fluorophore, realizing a long lifetime of ≈650 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2 with a CIEy of 0.195 and a narrowband emission with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maxima of 21 nm.
Highly‐Exposed Single‐Interlayered Cu Edges Enable High‐Rate CO2‐to‐CH4 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Peng Chen , Xu Zikai , Luo Gan , Yan Shuai , Zhang Junbo , Li Si , Chen Yangsheng , Chang Lo Yueh , Wang Zhiqiang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction to CH4 is a promising approach for producing highly specific combustion fuel but has relatively poor selectivity and activity at high‐current‐density electrolysis. In this work, ultrathin CuGaO2 nanosheets with highly exposed single‐interlayered Cu edges are synthesized via an induced anisotropic growth strategy. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the exposed single‐interlayered Cu(I) edges on the (001) surface of CuGaO2 present a high‐density of single‐atomic Cu sites, which feature excellent CO2 electroreduction catalytic activity toward CH4. The CuGaO2 nanosheet catalysts exhibit efficient and stable CO2‐to‐CH4 electroreduction with Faradaic efficiency (FECH4) of 71.7% at a high current density of –1 A cm−2, corresponding to a superior CH4 partial current density of 717 ± 33 mA cm−2. This work suggests an attractive design strategy for tuning both the crystal facets and Cu–Cu distance to promote the CH4 electrosynthesis at high‐current‐density CO2 reduction.
Impact of government programs on producer demand for hedging
Authors: Maples William E. , Giri Anil K. , Coble Keith H. , Subedi Dipak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates producer risk management decisions accounting for government provided risk management programs. An analytical model is developed to investigate the effect of crop insurance and Farm Bill program choice on producer demand for hedging in the futures market. Simulation results show government programs has potential to alter the optimal hedging decisions of producers. Yield protection insurance is found to complement hedging in most locations, while revenue insurance is generally found to substitute for hedging. Farm Bill programs are found to have varying effects based on price level.
The digital scent device as a new concept for olfactory assessment
Authors: Nakanishi Marcio , Fornazieri Marco Aurélio , Lança Gomes Pedro , Dias Luis Augusto de Miranda , Freire Gustavo Subtil Magalhães , Vinha Luís Gustavo do Amaral , Barbosa de Sa Leonardo Conrado , Voegels Richard Louis , Galvão Claudia , Lima Wilma Terezinha Anselmo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are major challenges in olfactory measurements in clinical practice; therefore, a handheld digital scent device (DSD; Noar MultiScent 20) was developed as a tablet with an integrated storage system for odors. The DSD is a self‐administered, handheld device that controls the duration of odor release to the nasal cavity through a touchscreen digital interface with automatic database generation. In this study we aimed to determine the feasibility of this DSD as an olfactory assessment test.MethodsWe recruited 180 participants (age [mean ± standard deviation], 34.58 ± 9.71 years; 114 women and 66 men) to participate in smell tests using both the DSD and the 40‐item Smell Identification Test (SIT‐40), which contained the same type and order of odors and the same multiple‐choice answers. The scores were compared and evaluated for correlation between the tests, and test‐retest reliability was calculated.ResultsThe DSD test scores were higher than the SIT‐40 scores (median [interquartile range], 32 [5.0] vs 31 [7.0]; p = 0.005). The completion time was less for the DSD test than for the SIT‐40 (12.5 [5.0] vs 16 [6.0] minutes; p < 0.001). The tests were strongly correlated (Spearman rho = 0.74; p < 0.001) and exhibited a high level of agreement (Bland‐Altman regression coefficient = 0.672; p = 0.003). The DSD test‐retest reliability coefficient was 0.820.ConclusionThe DSD is feasible as an olfactory assessment test. The digitalization of olfactory assessment combined with data science may enable new research perspectives in the field of olfaction.
Drop Size Distribution and Effective Determination of the Constitution of Throughfall Droplets under Maize Canopy
Authors: Zhu Zhongrui , Zhu Delan , Ge Maosheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSprinkler irrigation has dominated the irrigation erosion, and droplet diameter is an important determinant. To clarify the influence of maize canopy and sprinkler droplets landing angle on drop size distribution, distribution trend, and throughfall droplets diameters, the information on droplet size and velocity are collected via 2D‐video‐disdrometer. The results showed that due to the presence of maize canopy and the decrease in landing angle, the proportion of the tiny droplets (<2 mm) within throughfall increased. Throughfall droplet size distribution under maize canopy exhibited a distinct bimodal trend, however, the new droplet volume ratio is greater when the droplet size is smaller. In addition, the trend‐line of throughfall droplet size distribution gradually shifted toward the origin as the landing angle decreased. Because of maize canopy and gradual decrease in the landing angle, throughfall droplets diameters decreased. When the droplets are <2 mm, their volume proportion is greater than that in the absence of maize canopy because of the fragmentation of large droplets. Affected by the convergence of small droplets on maize leaves, the diameter of drips generated from maize leaves in this study probably ranged from 2–5 mm. Drops >5.01 mm maight have originated from direct throughfall.