bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-acting reversible contraception and satisfaction with structured contraceptive counselling among non-migrant, foreign-born migrant and second-generation migrant women: evidence from a cluster randomised controlled trial (the LOWE trial) in Sweden
Authors: Emtell Iwarsson Karin , Larsson Elin C , Bizjak Isabella , Envall Niklas , Kopp Kallner Helena , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThis trial aimed to evaluate effects of structured contraceptive counselling among non-migrants, foreign-born migrants and second-generation migrants.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in 2017–2019 at abortion, youth and maternal health clinics in Stockholm, Sweden (the LOWE trial). Patients were eligible if they were 18 years or older, could understand Swedish or English (or if assisted by an interpreter), were sexually active or planning to be, and were seeking contraception for pregnancy prevention. We randomised clinics at a 1:1 allocation ratio to give either structured contraceptive counselling (intervention) or to maintain standard contraceptive counselling (control). Blinding was not deemed feasibile. A study-specific package for structured contraceptive counselling was used and comprised an educational video, an effectiveness chart, four key questions and a box with contraceptive models. Outcomes were effects of the intervention on long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) choice, initiation and use, and satisfaction with the intervention material among the participants.ResultsWe involved 14 clinics in each of the intervention and control groups, respectively. A total of 1295 participants were included: 1010 non-migrants, 169 foreign-born migrants and 116 second-generation migrants. Participants in the intervention group chose LARC to a higher extent than the control group (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.85, 95% CI 2.04–3.99), had higher LARC initiation rates (aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.97 to 4.27) and higher LARC use within the 12-month follow-up period (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.96). The majority of the participants who received the intervention package found all the different parts to be supportive in contraceptive choice. The effectiveness chart was the only part of the package that a higher proportion of foreign-born migrants (58/84, 69%) and second-generation migrants (40/54, 74.1%) found supportive in contraceptive choice compared to non-migrants (259/434, 59.7%) (p = 0.048).ConclusionsStructured contraceptive counselling increased LARC choice, initiation and use, controlled for participants’ migration background. The effectiveness chart was found to be significantly more supportive among foreign-born migrants and second-generation migrants compared to non-migrants when choosing contraceptive methods.Trial registration numberNCT03269357.
Tumor mutation burden for predicting immune checkpoint blockade response: the more, the better
Authors: Zheng Ming 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundRecently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for treating cancer patients with tumor mutation burden (TMB) >10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb). However, high TMB (TMB-H) defined by >10 mut/Mb fails to predict ICB response across different cancer types, which has raised serious concerns on the current FDA approval. Thus, to better implement TMB as a robust biomarker of ICB response, an optimal and generalizable TMB cut-off within and across cancer types must be addressed as soon as possible.MethodsUsing Morris’s and Kurzrock’s cohorts (n=1662 and 102), we exhaustively tested all possible TMB cut-offs for predicting ICB treatment outcomes in 10 cancer types. The bootstrap method was applied to generate 10,000 randomly resampled cohorts using original cohorts to measure the reproducibility of TMB cut-off. ICB treatment outcomes were analyzed by overall survival, progression-free survival and objective response rate.ResultsNo universally valid TMB cut-off was available for all cancer types. Only in cancer types with higher TMB (category I), such as melanoma, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer, the associations between TMB-H and ICB treatment outcomes were less affected by TMB cut-off selection. Moreover, high TMB (category I) cancer types shared a wide range of TMB cut-offs and a universally optimal TMB cut-off of 13 mut/Mb for predicting favorable ICB outcomes. In contrast, low TMB (category II) cancer types, for which the prognostic associations were sensitive to TMB cut-off selection, showed markedly limited and distinct ranges of significantly favorable TMB cut-offs. Equivalent results were obtained in the analyses of pooled tumors.ConclusionsOur finding—the correlation that TMB-H is more robustly associated with favorable ICB treatment outcomes in cancer types with higher TMBs—can be used to predict whether TMB could be a robust predictive biomarker in cancer types for which TMB data are available, but ICB treatment has not been investigated. This theory was tested in cancer of unknown primary successfully. Additionally, the universal TMB cut-off of 13 mut/Mb might reveal a general requirement to trigger the sequential cascade from somatic mutations to an effective antitumor immunity.
Single-cell immune signature for detecting early-stage HCC and early assessing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy
Authors: Shi Jiawei , Liu Junwei , Tu Xiaoxuan , Li Bin , Tong Zhou , Wang Tian , Zheng Yi , Shi Hongyu , Zeng Xun , Chen Wei , Yin Weiwei , Fang Weijia 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can greatly improve patients’ 5-year survival rate, and the early efficacy assessment is important for oncologists to harness the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in patients with advanced HCC. The lack of effective predicting biomarkers not only leads to delayed detection of the disease but also results in ineffective immunotherapy and limited clinical survival benefit.MethodsWe exploited the single-cell approach (cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF)) to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multicohorts of human samples. Immune signatures for different stages of patients with HCC were systematically profiled and statistically compared. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of peripheral immune compositions for both first-line and second-line patients with HCC after anti-PD-1 monotherapy were also evaluated and systematically compared.ResultsWe identified stage-specific immune signatures for HCC and constructed a logistic AdaBoost-SVM classifier based on these signatures. The classifier provided superior performance in predicting early-stage HCC over the commonly used serum alpha-fetoprotein level. We also revealed the treatment stage-specific immune signatures from peripheral blood and their dynamical changing patterns, all of which were integrated to achieve early discrimination of patients with non-durable benefit for both first-line and second-line anti-PD-1 monotherapies.ConclusionsOur newly identified single-cell peripheral immune signatures provide promising non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of HCC and early assessment for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced HCC. These new findings can potentially facilitate early diagnosis and novel immunotherapy for patients with HCC in future practice and further guide the utility of CyTOF in clinical translation of cancer research.Trial registration numbersNCT02576509andNCT02989922.
TSH-TSHR axis promotes tumor immune evasion
Authors: Wu Zhenghao , Xi Zihan , Xiao Yunxiao , Zhao Xiangwang , Li Jiexiao , Feng Nan , Hu Longqing , Zheng Renjing , Zhang Ning , Wang Shuntao , Huang Tao 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHormones are identified as key biological variables in tumor immunity. However, previous researches mainly focused on the immune effect of steroid hormones, while the roles that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) played in the antitumor response were far from clear.MethodsThe source of TSH was determined using single-cell transcriptomic, histologic, quantitative PCR, and ELISA analysis. The influence of TSH on tumor proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion was evaluated in multiple cell lines of thyroid cancer, glioma, and breast cancer. Then transcriptomic sequencing and cellular experiments were used to identify signaling pathways. TSH receptor (TSHR) inhibitor was injected into homograft mouse tumor models with or without anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody.ResultsMonocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) highly expressed TSHα and TSHβ2 and were the primary source of TSH in the tumor microenvironment. TSH released by moDCs promoted proliferation and invasion of tumors with high TSHR expressions, such as thyroid cancers and glioma. TSH also induced tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression through the TSHR-AC-PKA-JNK-c-JUN pathway. TSHR inhibitors reversed tumor immune evasion by inhibiting PD-L1 expression in tumor and myeloid cells and enhancing Teff activation.ConclusionsTSH–TSHR axis promotes tumor evasion in thyroid cancers and glioma. TSH suppression therapy is an effective therapeutic strategy for combination in immune checkpoint blockades.
Association of coronary angiographic lesions and mortality in patients over 80 years with NSTEMI
Authors: Siddiqui Anwar J , Omerovic Elmir , Holzmann Martin J , Böhm Felix 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveCoronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is of great importance during non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) management. Coronary artery lesions and their association to mortality in elderly patients with NSTEMI was investigated.MethodsPatients >80 years of age who underwent CA at index NSTEMI during 2011–2014 were included. Data were collected from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry and Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registries. Coronary lesions were categorised into; one vessel disease (1VD), multi-vessel disease (MVD) and left main disease (LMD) and 0%–49% stenosis grade were considered as controls.Cox regression was used to estimate HRs for all-cause mortality associated with coronary lesions. Survival benefit was determined after PCI and in relation to if revascularisation was complete or incomplete and any complications in the Cath lab was assessed.ResultsFive thousand seven hundred and seventy patients with history of CA and PCI were included, 10% had normal coronary arteries, 26% had 1VD, 50% MVD and 14% LMD. Mortality was higher in patients with 1VD, MVD and LMD: HR 1.8 (1.3–2.5), HR 2.2 (1.6–3.0) and HR 2.8 (2.1–3.9), respectively. PCI were treated in 84% of 1VD, 73% MVD, and 54% in LMD. Survival was higher with PCI HR 0.85 (0.73–0.99). MVD had lower adjusted mortality HR 0.71 (0.58–0.87) compared with patients with MVD who did not undergo PCI. Complications and mortality were higher in patients with LMD both during CA and PCI, HR 2.9 (1.1–7.6) and HR 4.5 (1.6–12.5).ConclusionCoronary lesions (>50% stenosis) are strong predictors of mortality in elderly patients with NSTEMI. MVD is common and PCI treatment is associated with increased survival.
In situ simulation training for a better interprofessional team performance in transferring critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective randomised control trial
Authors: Manggala Sidharta Kusuma , Tantri Aida Rosita , Sugiarto Adhrie , Sianipar Imelda Rosalyn , Prasetyono Theddeus Octavianus Hari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransferring critically ill patients with COVID-19 is a challenging task; therefore, well-trained medical team is needed. This study aimed to determine the role of in situ simulation training during pandemic by using high-fidelity manikin to improve interprofessional communication, skills and teamwork in transferring critically ill patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis single-blinded randomised control trial included 40 subjects allocated into standard low-fidelity simulator (LFS) and high-fidelity simulator (HFS) groups. Subjects, who were not members of multiprofessional team taking care of patients with COVID-19, in each group were assigned into small groups and joined an online interactive lecture session, two sessions of in-situ simulation and a debriefing session with strict health protocols. The first simulation aimed to teach participants the skills and steps needed. The second simulation aimed to assess transfer skills, communication and teamwork performance, that participants had learnt using a validated, comprehensive assessment tool. Data were analysed using unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney test.ResultsThe HFS group showed significantly better overall transfer and communication skills than LFS group (89.70±4.65 vs 77.19±3.6, &lt;0.05 and 100 vs 88.34 (63.33–100), p=0.022, respectively). The HFS group also demonstrated significantly better teamwork performance than the standard LFS group (90 (80–900) vs 80 (70–90), p=0.028).ConclusionIn situ simulation training using HFS significantly showed better performance than the standard training using LFS in regards to overall transfer and communication skills as well as teamwork performance. The training using HFS may provide a valuable adjunct to improve interprofessional skills, communication and teamwork performance in transferring critically ill patients with COVID-19.Trial registration numberNCT05113823.
Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy findings in patients who had an acute stroke
Authors: Hudák Lilla , Nagy Attila Csaba , Molnár Sarolta , Méhes Gábor , Nagy Katalin Erzsébet , Oláh László , Csiba László 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesAccording to international observations, the incidence of clinical autopsies is declining worldwide, plummeting below 5% in the USA and many European countries. It is an unfavourable trend as, in 7%–12% of cases, recent clinicopathological studies found discrepancies that might have changed the therapy or the outcome if known premortem. As previous large-scale observations have examined varied patient populations, we aimed to focus on the differences between the clinical and pathological diagnostic findings in only patients who had a stroke.Material and methodsWe assessed the postmortem non-neuropathological and neuropathological findings of 534 consecutive patients who had a stroke who passed away. Systemic neoplasms, pneumonias, thromboembolisms and haemorrhagic transformations revealed only by autopsy were considered severe abnormalities; in addition, benign abnormalities important from an educational or scientific point of view were also recorded.ResultsIn 26 of the 534 cases (4.9%), the presence of systemic neoplasms had already been confirmed in the clinical stage; however, 8 (1.5%) malignant tumours were only detected during autopsy. Also, 80 (15%) thromboembolic events, 73 (13.6%) pneumonias and 66 (18%) haemorrhagic transformations were only diagnosed at autopsy. Longer hospital stay (from admission to death) resulted in fewer discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis of thromboembolic events and pneumonias (p<0.01). In 169 cases, benign findings were detected.ConclusionsWhile the type of acute stroke is reliably diagnosed with imaging techniques, postmortem autopsies are also important in patients who had a stroke as autopsies may reveal clinically silent diseases (eg, tumour), and contribute to knowing the actual incidence of stroke-related thromboembolic and pneumonia complications.
‘They have a right to participate as a stakeholder’: Article 5.3 implementation and government interactions with the tobacco industry in Ethiopia
Authors: Hirpa Selamawit , Ralston Rob , Deressa Wakgari , Collin Jeff 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThis paper explores implementation of Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Ethiopia. The analysis highlights how operationalising key requirements of Article 5.3, such as minimising policy engagement with the tobacco industry, has been mediated by path-dependent processes of stakeholder consultation and collaboration that have persisted following privatisation of Ethiopia’s state-owned tobacco monopoly.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with key officials (n=21) working in tobacco control policy, with high levels of access secured across ministries and agencies beyond health.ResultsWe found contrasting levels of awareness of Article 5.3 across government sectors, with extremely limited awareness in departments beyond health. The data also highlight competing ideas about conflict of interest, in which recognition of a fundamental conflict of interest with the tobacco industry is largely confined to health actors. Beyond limited cross-sectoral awareness and understanding of Article 5.3, gaps in implementation are exacerbated by assumptions and practices around stakeholder consultation, in which attempts to minimise policy interactions with the tobacco industry are mediated by institutionally embedded processes that presume active engagement. The results also highlight a continuation of the close relationship between the Ethiopian government and tobacco monopoly following its privatisation.ConclusionThe Ethiopian government’s recent achievements in tobacco control legislation require that policymakers are actively supported in reconciling perceived tensions and requirements for stakeholder consultation. Effective tobacco control governance would be further enhanced by enabling government agencies to more clearly identify which interactions with the tobacco industry are strictly necessary under Article 5.3 guideline recommendations.
New hybrid photonic crystal fiber gas sensor with high sensitivity for ammonia gas detection
Authors: Abbaszadeh Aryan , Makouei Somayeh , Meshgini Saeed 
Published: January 2022

A new hybrid photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with circular rings based microstructure core gas sensor has been proposed for detecting ammonia gas at the wavelength of 1.544 μm. The finite element method has been used for numerical investigation. According to the results, the relative sensitivity is obtained as high as 70.25% at a wavelength of 1.544 μm. Furthermore, high birefringence and effective area are acquired by orders of 1.24 × 10−3 and 13.35 μm2, respectively. Finally, a low confinement loss of 1.202 × 10−1 dB/m is gained at the same wavelength. The absorption spectroscopy system can be used for detecting ammonia gas for experimental work. The theoretical results show that the proposed PCF still exhibits high relative sensitivity for a low concentration of ammonia gas at the wavelength of 1.544 μm, which makes the sensors detect gas precisely and can be used for medical and industrial applications.
Comment on “Greybody radiation and quasinormal modes of Kerr-like black hole in Bumblebee gravity model”
Authors: Maluf R. V. , Muniz C. R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is shown that the paper “Greybody radiation and quasinormal modes of Kerr-like black hole in Bumblebee gravity model” (Kanzi and Sakallı in Eur Phys J C 81:501, 2021) recently published in this journal is based on an incorrect result obtained by Ding et al. (Eur Phys J C 80:178, 2020) for a Kerr-like black hole solution.
Identification of Visual Imagery by Electroencephalography Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and an Autoregressive Model
Authors: Fu Yunfa , Li Zhaoyang , Gong Anmin , Qian Qian , Su Lei , Zhao Lei 
Published: January 2022

The traditional imagery task for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) consists of motor imagery (MI) in which subjects are instructed to imagine moving certain parts of their body. This kind of imagery task is difficult for subjects. In this study, we used a less studied yet more easily performed type of mental imagery—visual imagery (VI)—in which subjects are instructed to visualize a picture in their brain to implement a BCI. In this study, 18 subjects were recruited and instructed to observe one of two visual-cued pictures (one was static, while the other was moving) and then imagine the cued picture in each trial. Simultaneously, electroencephalography (EEG) signals were collected. Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT), autoregressive (AR) models, and a combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and AR were used to extract features, respectively. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the two kinds of VI tasks. The average, highest, and lowest classification accuracies of HHT were 68.14

±

3.06%, 78.33%, and 53.3%, respectively. The values of the AR model were 56.29

±

2.73%, 71.67%, and 30%, respectively. The values obtained by the combination of the EMD and the AR model were 78.40

±

2.07%, 87%, and 48.33%, respectively. The results indicate that multiple VI tasks were separable based on EEG and that the combination of EMD and an AR model used in VI feature extraction was better than an HHT or AR model alone. Our work may provide ideas for the construction of a new online VI-BCI.
Manipulative Reduction for Abnormal Uterine Inclination in Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Chen Jia , Yuan Yujuan , Wang Yadong 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To investigate the manipulative reduction in abnormal uterine inclination in vaginal delivery. Methods. With the independently developed uterine inclination surveyor, 40 primiparas with abnormal uterine inclination were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (Group A, 20 cases) and control group (Group B, 20 cases). The general condition of the primipara, the labor stages, the changes in uterine inclination after treatment, postpartum hemorrhage at 2 hours, and the general condition of fetuses were observed to study the therapeutic value of manual reduction in abnormal uterine inclination. Result. In the control group, one uterine inclination was not corrected with the change in labor process, and the pregnancy was terminated due to stagnation of the active phase. In the first stage of labor, the time spent in the treatment group (

393.4
±
31.3

mins) was significantly lower than that in the control group (

440.7
±
34.9

mins) (

P
=
0.001

). Compared with the control group (

49.8
±
6.5

mins), the treatment group (

42.6
±
7.2

mins) also exhibited a significantly shortened second stage of labor (

P
=
0.02

). Sixteen cases (16/20) in the treatment group returned to normal after manual reduction, and 9 cases (9/20) in the control group returned to normal with the progression of natural labor. Manual reduction could be used as an option to treat abnormal uterine inclination (

P
=
0.01

). There was no significant difference in the third stage of labor (

P
=
0.2

), 2-hour postpartum hemorrhage (

P
=
0.35

), Apgar score (

P
=
0.64

), or body weight (

P
=
0.76

) between the two groups. Conclusion. Manual reduction in the treatment of abnormal uterine inclination has obvious effects, shortens the birth process, and is safe for the fetus.