bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Medical Images Recognition and Diagnosis of Respiratory System Viruses
Authors: Tayel Mazhar , Fahaar Adel El , Fahmy Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Respiratory infections are a confusing and time-consuming task of constantly looking at clinical pictures of patients. Therefore, there is a need to develop and improve the respiratory case prediction model for Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia as soon as possible to control the spread of disease. Deep learning makes it possible to discover that respiratory viruses such as Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia can be effectively acquired using its classification tools such as CNN (Convolutional Neural Network). MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) is a common and effective method of signal processing. In this research, MFCC - CNN's learning model is proposed to speed up the prediction process that assists medical professionals. MFCC is used to extract image features related to the presence of Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia or not. Prediction is done using a convolutional neural network. This makes the time-consuming process easier and faster with more accurate results for radiologists and this reduces the spread of the virus and saves lives. Experimental results show that using a CT image converted to Mel-frequency cepstral spectrogram as input to CNN can achieve high accuracy results; with the classification of validation data of 100% accuracy of the appropriate Covid-19 and Viral Pneumonia categories and images with the normal healthy (NON COVID) label. Therefore, it can probably be used to detect whether Covid-19 orViral Pneumonia are present in the CT images. The work here provides evidence of the idea that high accuracy can be achieved with a moderate dataset, which can have a significant impact on this area.
Dental care and oral conditions are associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in people with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Takahashi Fuyuko , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Okada Hiroshi , Kondo Yuriko , Kaji Ayumi , Sakai Ryosuke , Kawate Yuka , Okamura Takuro , Nakanishi Naoko , Majima Saori , Senmaru Takafumi , Ushigome Emi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Keeping good oral condition by dental care is important for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study has investigated the association between dental care or oral conditions and sarcopenia in people with T2DM.Methods: Dental care and oral conditions were evaluated based on a self-reported questionnaire. Individuals with both low handgrip strength and low skeletal muscle mass index were diagnosed with sarcopenia.Results: Among 266 people with T2DM, the proportions of sarcopenia, not having a family dentist, not having a toothbrushing behavior, poor chewing ability, and use of complete dentures were 18.0%, 30.5%, 33.1%, 25.2%, and 14.3%, respectively. The proportions of sarcopenia in people not having a family dentist (27.2% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.017), those with poor chewing ability (26.9% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.047), and use of complete dentures (36.8% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.002) were higher than those in people without. The proportion of sarcopenia in people without toothbrushing behavior tended to be higher than that in people with toothbrushing behavior (25.0% vs. 14.6%, p = 0.057). Not having a family dentist (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–5.09], p = 0.013), poor chewing ability (adjusted OR 2.12 [95% CI: 1.01–4.46], p = 0.048), and use of complete dentures (adjusted OR 2.38 [95% CI: 1.01–5.99], p = 0.046) were related to the prevalence of sarcopenia.Conclusions: This study revealed that dental care and oral conditions were associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia.
Dietary fat enhanced chylomicron-mediated LPS translocation in a Caco-2 transwell model
Authors: Tomassen Monic M.M. , Govers Coen , Vos A. Paul , Wit Nicole J.W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There is increasing evidence that dietary fat, and especially saturated fat, promotes the absorption of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via enhanced chylomicron production. The latter can subsequently transport LPS to other parts of the body, where it can induce low-grade chronic inflammation that links to various metabolic and gut-related diseases. To identify promising (food) compounds that can prevent or ameliorate LPS-related low grade inflammation, we developed and optimized an in vitro model for dietary fat-induced LPS translocation that closely mimics the in vivo situation and facilitates high-throughput screening.
Methods
For this, epithelial Caco-2 cells were differentiated in 21 days to a small intestinal phenotype. Thereafter, the cells were exposed to a dilution range of in vitro digested palm oil and sunflower oil, with or without starvation, to determine optimal conditions for fat-induced chylomicron production as measured by basolateral levels of the chylomicron-related marker apolipoprotein B. Next, LPS was co-incubated in various concentrations with the digested oils and fat-induced LPS translocation to the basolateral side was assessed.
Results
We found that dietary fat-induced LPS translocation in Caco-2 cells was optimal after apical exposure to digested oils in a 1:50 dilution, in combination with 750ng/ml LPS, preceded by one-week starvation (cultured without fetal bovine serum). Co-incubation with chylomicron blocker Pluronic L81 confirmed that fat-induced LPS translocation is mediated via chylomicron production in this Caco-2 model.
Conclusion
We developed a robust Caco-2 cell model for dietary fat-induced LPS translocation that can be used for high-throughput screening of (food) compounds that can reduce LPS-related low grade inflammation.
Epiplastic microhabitats for epibenthic organisms: a new inland water frontier for diatoms
Authors: Taurozzi Davide , Cesarini Giulia , Scalici Massimiliano 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plastic pollution is widespread in each type of ecosystems. However, the colonization events of microorganisms on plastics seems to be neglected in inland waters. Therefore, in this study we analyse the possible colonization on the surface (hereafter epiplastic microhabitats) of two typology of plastic supports by diatom community. Specifically, we located 20 supports in expanded polystyrene and 20 in polyethylene terephthalate both floating and dipped (about/~ 1 m) in a central Italian shallow water pond, in order to evaluate the diachronic colonization of diatoms from November 2019 to August 2020. Our result shown the tendency in colonizing both epiplastic microhabitats without significant differences in number of species; additionally, depth does not appear to affect the number of species. As regard the temporal colonization, the number of species tends to increase over time from autumn-winter to spring-summer in both type of epiplastic microhabitats and depth. Instead, increase in dominance of some species over time has been demonstrated: only a few species keep an high number of individuals compared to the others; therefore, the number of individuals within the species is not uniformly distributed. These results suggest the tendency of diatom community to colonize plastic supports in lentic waters, and this evidence can be very important because artificial supports can increase the surface available for the settlement of the algae community with an increase of productivity and the colonization of new communities of different taxa. Further studies are mandatory to investigate the possible effects on the epiplastic community and the ecological implications in freshwater environments.
Relationship between root tip morphology and habitat environment across Macaranga and Shorea species in a tropical lowland forest of Peninsula Malaysia
Authors: Ugawa Shin , Kuninaka Wataru , Hayata Keisuke , Maruta Naoko , Ohashi Syota , Kubota Victoria Rika , Ahmad Rozita , Kadir Wan Rasidah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
The relationship between functional trait and habitat environment across tree species provides critical information for understanding the strategy of resource acquisition and utilization of each tree species. Correspondingly, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between root tip morphology and habitat environment in a primary lowland dipterocarp forest.
Methods
We surveyed habitat environmental factors for 13 target species of Macaranga and Shorea, i.e., light condition, soil physical properties, and soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, and root tip morphology, including specific root tip length (SRTL), root tip diameter (RTD), and root tip tissue density (RTTD) and analyzed their relationship considering their phylogenetic effect.
Results
The differences in SRTL and RTD between Macaranga and Shorea species were validated by the difference in environmental factors, i.e., light intensity and soil ammonification rate. With the phylogenetic effect in mind, we detected an interspecific variation in SRTL, RTD, and RTTD in response to differences in environmental factors such as light intensity, soil physical properties, soil nitrification, and N mineralization rates. Among the same species of the trees, the SRTL decreased with increasing light intensity and increased with increasing nitrification rates, while the RTD exhibited an opposite trend.
Conclusion
We confirmed that the root tip morphology varies according to habitat environment in tropical tree species. However, the variation pattern was different than that of the temperate tree species, implying the existence of factors that determine the direction of root tip morphological variation in response to environmental factors.
Hypocretin/orexin system genes HCRT, HCRTR1 and HCRT2polymorphisms in “sleeping sickness” in Kazakhstan
Authors: Boribay Elmira , Ashirbekov Eldar , Sharipov Kamalidin , Nurmahanova Akmaral , Tynybekov Bekzat , Satybaldiyeva Gulmira , Dossymbekova Raushan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The cause of “sleeping sickness”, which struck many residents of Kalachi settlement in 2013-2015, has still not been identified, despite the efforts of Kazakh scientists. Some unknown factor X, causing sleeping sickness, appears likely to affect people. We assumed that polymorphism in the genes of the orexinoergic system, which is the most important mechanism in sleep/awakening regulating, can determine individual susceptibility to factor X. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study of polymorphisms in genes which has shown to have previously been associated with nervous disorder HCRT (rs760282), HCRTR1 (rs2271933) and HCRTR2 (rs2653349 and rs3122156).Results: Of the four polymorphisms tested, only rs2653349 showed association with sleeping sickness in both the common sample and the sample of Russian. However, despite association discovered, due to the lack of homozygote on minor allele A in the test group we cannot point it out as a risk for a “sleeping sickness”. Instead, we point out a risky heterozygote genotype (GA (OR = 3.94, 95%CI = 1.43 – 10.88, codominant model, p = 0.0011).Conclusions: When the sample is divided by sex, relation between rs2653349 and “sleeping sickness” appeared only in the female sample (OR = 3.82, 95%CI = 1.05 – 13.94, codominant model, p = 0.0037).
Claudins family as potential prognostic indicators in ovarian cancer by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the expression of ten claudins(CLDNs) family members including CLDN1/3/4/5/6/7/9/10/11/16 and their prognostic and functional impacts on ovarian cancer (OC) patients,we applied GEPIA,HPA,KM plotter,STRING,Metascape,Kobas and cBioPortal databases to analyze that the mRNA and protein levels of CLDN1/3/4/7/16 expression were significantly upregulated in OC samples;the mRNA level of CLDN6/9/10 were highly expressed in OCs, however, CLDN5/11 were low expressed in OCs.Further,Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis revealed that CLDN3/4/10/16 were significantly associated with progression free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) of patients with OC.CLDN1/6/7 were significantly related to PFS of women with OC.Moreover,the anomalous mRNA expression of CLDN1/3/4/6/10/11/16 were linked to markedly prognosis in OC patients taking diverse chemotherapeutic drugs.CLDN1/3/4/6/7/9/10/11/16 were closely related to FIGO stages in OC patients.Then,Gene ontology(GO) and KEGG analysis showed that the CLDNs played important roles in tumor metastasis,immune response process and cellular adhesion process in ovarian cancer.The ten claudins protein family possessed eminent mutual connectivity in PPI,and it may be necessary to analyze CLDN protein family as a whole complex.The different genetic alterations of CLDNs comprised 1.37% mutation,31.16% amplification,0.17% structural variant,1.37% deep deletion,0.51% multiple alterations.Additionally,Our results of mRNA high-throughput sequencing confirmed that CLDN3/4/7 was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer and could be used as marker genes,and related functions and pathways involved in the epithelial cell differentiation, immune response and cell tight junction.Our study confirms that the CLDNs is significant prognostic value for OC patients.CLDNs is linked to the epithelial cell differentiation,tumor metastasis and immune response of ovarian cancer,and could have a potential application prospect in immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.
Rare Digestive Disease: Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, review of literature
Authors: Sun Yinghao , Bai Xiaoyin , Guo Tao , Fan Siyuan , Ruan Gechong , Zhou Weixun , Yang Hong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical features of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) vary considerably among patients, and delayed diagnoses or misdiagnoses are common.
Aim
We analyzed the clinical features of patients with MNGIE to understand the disorder better.
Methods
We summarized one case from our hospital and case series from literature between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 2020.
Results
Sixty-two patients were included in this study, with 22 (35.5%) female and 38 (61.3%) male. The median age at diagnosis was 25 (19.5, 30.5) years. The most common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were weight loss/cachexia (47, 75.8%), diarrhea (42, 67.7%), and abdominal pain (40, 64.5%). The most common neurological symptoms were leukoencephalopathy (51, 82.3%), ocular signs such as ptosis or ophthalmoparesis (44, 71%), and polyneuropathy (43, 69.4%). 22 (33.9%) patients were born to consanguineous parents. The percentage of GI symptoms including abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea was significantly higher in the younger group (less than 40 years old) compared to that in the elder group (over 40 years old).
Conclusions
MNGIE should be considered in young patients with GI dysmotility, particularly those with a family history or those born to consanguineous patients.
Counting what counts: A systematic scoping review of instruments used in primary healthcare services to measure the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth
Authors: Saunders Vicki , McCalman Janya , Tsey Sena , Askew Deborah , Campbell Sandy , Jongen Crystal , Angelo Candace , Spurling Geoff , Cadet-James Yvonne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary healthcare services have principal responsibility for providing child and youth wellbeing and mental health services, but they have lacked appropriate measurement instruments to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth or to evaluate the effectiveness of programs and health service initiatives designed to address their needs. This literature review was conceived and conducted to respond to this identified need by assessing the availability and characteristics of measurement instruments that have been applied in primary healthcare services in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States (CANNZUS countries) to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth. Wellbeing was defined as a relational phenomenon encompassing individual, collective, cultural and spiritual domains.
Method
15 databases and 12 websites were searched in December 2017 and again in October 2021. Pre-defined search terms pertained to Indigenous children and youth, CANNZUS country names, wellbeing measurement, and primary healthcare services. PRISMA guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria guiding screening of titles and abstracts, and selected full-text papers. Documented measurement instruments were then categorised according to four criteria that were deemed most likely to represent Indigenous child and youth experiences of wellbeing: adherence to relational strength-based constructs of Indigenous wellbeing, development for Indigenous populations, administration by child/youth self-report, and reliability and validity.
Results
17 publications (nine studies) were found, that described the development and/or use by primary healthcare services of 14 measurement instruments, employed across 27 applications. Four/14 measurement instruments focused solely on strength-based wellbeing concepts but none included all Indigenous wellbeing domains, four were developed specifically for Indigenous populations, six were administered through child/youth self-report, and 11 were reliable and valid.
Discussion
The measurement instrument that most closely adhered to our desirability criteria was the Canadian Aboriginal Children’s Health and Well-Being Measure (ACHWM). Other measurement instruments rated with 2–3 desirability criteria were the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS), Outcome Rating Scale (ORS), Session Rating Scale (SRS), Strong Souls, Westerman Aboriginal Symptoms Checklist Youth (WASC-Y) and the YouthCHAT. This review supports several Australian research studies that are currently underway to develop measures/ screening tools to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous adolescents.
The factor altering arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effect on soil N2O emission is not quite clear: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shujuan , Wu Sikai , Lehmann Anika , You Zhaoyang , Jiang Huafeng , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The control of soil nitrous dioxide (N2O) emission is of great importance to deal with climate change. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the potential effect of biotic and abiotic factors possibly altering the role of (AM) fungi in reducing soil N2O emission directly and indirectly via NH3 emission in natural and managed ecosystems. Our dataset was built based on 21 studies in both English (15 studies) and Chinese language (5 studies), including experiment-, plant-, AMF-, nutrient- and soil-related moderator variables. We found that the AM fungi reduced soil N2O emission by 11% (overall effect) and this reduction was observed in 84% of all trials. This effect varied largely from 265% decrease to 345% increase. Due to data limitations, it was still unclear that how AM effect was manipulated by these biotic and abiotic factors. We observed that measurement times, P availability and micronutrient addition had a compounding effect. We improved the sensitivity analysis techniques to evaluate the disproportional influence of a single study. In conclusion, AM fungi had a potential role in reducing soil N2O emission and currently, the available data did not support a meta-analysis on factors manipulating this effect. We call for more lab and field research targeting how biotic and abiotic factors alter this AM fungal effect on soil N2O emission.
Change in brain amyloid load and cognition in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. A 3-year follow-up study
Authors: Rauhala Elina , Johansson Jarkko , Karrasch Mira , Eskola Olli , Tolvanen Tuula , Parkkola Riitta , Virtanen Kirsi A. , Rinne Juha O. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the discriminative value of 18F-Flutemetamol PET in longitudinal assessment of amyloid beta accumulation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, in relation to longitudinal cognitive changes. Methods: We investigated the change in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and cognitive impairment in aMCI patients over time up to 3 years which enabled us to investigate possible association between changes in brain amyloid load and cognition over time. 34 patients with aMCI (mean age 73.4 years, SD 6.6) were examined with 18F-Flutemetamol PET scan, brain MRI and cognitive tests at baseline and after 3-year follow-up or earlier if the patient had converted to Alzheimer´s disease (AD). 18F-Flutemetamol data was analysed both with automated region-of-interest analysis and voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM).Results: 18F-flutemetamol uptake increased during the follow-up and the increase was significantly higher in patients who were amyloid positive at baseline as compared to the amyloid negative ones. At follow-up, there was a significant association between 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and MMSE, logical memory I (immediate recall), logical memory II (delayed recall) and verbal fluency. An association was seen between the increase in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and decline in MMSE and logical memory I scores. Conclusion: This study shows that18F-Flutemetamol uptake is suitable for following up aMCI patients. In particular, presence of amyloid pathology at baseline strongly predicted amyloid accumulation during follow-up, which was further paralleled by cognitive declines. Inversely, some of our patients remained amyloid negative also at the end of the study without significant change in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake. Future studies with longer follow-up are needed to distinguish whether the underlying pathophysiology of aMCI in such patients is other than AD.
Emotion recognition based on weighted kernel support vector machine using wearable inertial sensors
Authors: Zhao Yan , Guo Ming , Chen Xiangyong , Zhao Feng , Qiu Jianlong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Emotion recognition has various applications closely linked with people's daily life, such as human-computer interaction and psychotherapy. So this paper focuses on the research of emotion recognition of body movement and proposes a novel emotion recognition approach based on weighted kernel support vector machine (SVM) using wearable inertial sensors. Specifically, the mapping relationship from emotions to body movements is established by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The subjects wear inertial sensors on their arms and wrists to collect data in six emotions including sleepy, bored, excited, tense, anger and distressed. In recognition phase, the weighted kernel SVM model is constructed, in which the fuzzy function is auxiliary to improve the weight calculation method of kernel functions in multiple kernel SVM. It also explores the effect of different combinations of inertial sensors on the recognition. The results show that compared with other methods, the proposed method achieves 98.4% accuracy for six emotions, which is effective and applicable.