bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Domènech Laura , Willis Jesse , Alemany-Navarro Maria , Morell Marta , Real Eva , Escaramís Geòrgia , Bertolín Sara , Sánchez Chinchilla Daniel , Balcells Susanna , Segalàs Cinto , Estivill Xavier , Menchón Jose M. , Gabaldón Toni , Alonso Pino , Rabionet Raquel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough the etiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is largely unknown, it is accepted that OCD is a complex disorder. There is a known bi-directional interaction between the gut microbiome and brain activity. Several authors have reported associations between changes in gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression or autism. Furthermore, a pediatric-onset neuropsychiatric OCD-related syndrome occurs after streptococcal infection, which might indicate that exposure to certain microbes could be involved in OCD susceptibility. However, only one study has investigated the microbiome of OCD patients to date. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing to analyze the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome composition of 32 OCD cases and 32 age and gender matched controls. We estimated different α- and β-diversity measures and performed LEfSe and Wilcoxon tests to assess differences in bacterial distribution. OCD stool samples showed a trend towards lower bacterial α-diversity, as well as an increase of the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, particularly of the genus Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, and two genera within the Lachnospiraceae: Agathobacer and Coprococcus. However, we did not observe a different Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio between OCD cases and controls. Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiome composition showed a lower Fusobacteria to Actinobacteria ratio in OCD cases. In conclusion, we observed an imbalance in the gut and oropharyngeal microbiomes of OCD cases, including, in stool, an increase of bacteria from the Rikenellaceae family, associated with gut inflammation, and a decrease of bacteria from the Coprococcus genus, associated with DOPAC synthesis.
Microfluidic device engineered to study the trafficking of multiple myeloma cancer cells through the sinusoidal niche of bone marrow
Authors: Sui Chao , Zilberberg Jenny , Lee Woo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). It has been a significant challenge to study the spatiotemporal interactions of MM cancer cells with the embedded microenvironments of BM. Here we report a microfluidic device which was designed to mimic several physiological features of the BM niche: (1) sinusoidal circulation, (2) sinusoidal endothelium, and (3) stroma. The endothelial and stromal compartments were constructed and used to demonstrate the device’s utility by spatiotemporally characterizing the CXCL12-mediated egression of MM cells from the BM stroma and its effects on the barrier function of endothelial cells (ECs). We found that the egression of MM cells resulted in less organized and loosely connected ECs, the widening of EC junction pores, and increased permeability through ECs, but without significantly affecting the number density of viable ECs. The results suggest that the device can be used to study the physical and secreted factors determining the trafficking of cancer cells through BM. The sinusoidal flow feature of the device provides an integral element for further creating systemic models of cancers that reside or metastasize to the BM niche.
Rho GTPase gene expression and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Kazmi Nabila , Robinson Tim , Zheng Jie , Kar Siddhartha , Martin Richard M. , Ridley Anne J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Rho GTPase family consists of 20 genes encoding intracellular signalling proteins that influence cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle progression. They are implicated in breast cancer progression but their role in breast cancer aetiology is unknown. As aberrant Rho GTPase activity could be associated with breast cancer, we aimed to determine the potential for a causal role of Rho GTPase gene expression in breast cancer risk, using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). MR was undertaken in 122,977 breast cancer cases and 105,974 controls, including 69,501 estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cases and 105,974 controls, and 21,468 ER negative (ER−) cases and 105,974 controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underlying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) obtained from normal breast tissue, breast cancer tissue and blood were used as genetic instruments for Rho GTPase expression. As a sensitivity analysis, we undertook co-localisation to examine whether findings reflected shared causal variants or genomic confounding. We identified genetic instruments for 14 of the 20 human Rho GTPases. Using eQTLs obtained from normal breast tissue and normal blood, we identified evidence of a causal role of RHOD in overall and ER+ breast cancers (overall breast cancer: odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in expression level 1.06; (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.09; P = 5.65 × 10–5) and OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.11, 1.35; P = 5.22 × 10–5) in normal breast tissue and blood respectively). There was a consistent direction of association for ER− breast cancer, although the effect-estimate was imprecisely estimated. Using eQTLs from breast cancer tissue and normal blood there was some evidence that CDC42 was negatively associated with overall and ER + breast cancer risk. The evidence from colocalization analyses strongly supported our MR results particularly for RHOD. Our study suggests a potential causal role of increased RHOD gene expression, and, although the evidence is weaker, a potential protective role for CDC42 gene expression, in overall and ER+ breast cancers. These finding warrant validation in independent samples and further biological investigation to assess whether they may be suitable targets for drug targeting.
Aluminium co-localises with Biondi ring tangles in Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy
Authors: Mold Matthew John , Exley Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAluminium is known to accumulate in neuropathological hallmarks. However, such has only tentatively been suggested in Biondi ring tangles. Owing to their intracellular and filamentous structure rich in β-pleated sheets, Biondi ring tangles might attract the adventitious binding of aluminium in regions of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The study’s objective was to establish whether aluminium co-localises with Biondi ring tangles in the brains of Parkinson’s disease donors versus a donor that went on to develop late-onset epilepsy. Herein, we have performed immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated tau, complemented with aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy in the choroid plexus of Parkinson’s disease donors and in a donor that developed late-onset epilepsy. Aluminium co-localises with lipid-rich Biondi ring tangles in the choroid plexus. While Biondi ring tangles are not composed of phosphorylated tau, the latter is identified in nuclei of choroidal cells where aluminium and Biondi ring tangles are co-located. Although Biondi ring tangles are considered artefacts in imaging studies using positron emission tomography, their ability to bind aluminium and then release it upon their subsequent rupture and escape from choroidal cells may allow for a mechanism that may propagate for aluminium toxicity in vivo.
Associations between dietary antioxidant intakes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh , Esfandiar Zohreh , Hosseinpour-Niazi Somayeh , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD), as the leading cause of death worldwide, is the collective term named for disorders afflicting the blood vessels and heart. Inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress have been shown as fundamental risk factors in the onset and progression of CVD. Chronic inflammatory conditions attenuate blood levels of antioxidants because of the continuous generation of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A sufficient intake of antioxidants is also suggested to beneficially interfere with CVD by quenching ROS. Antioxidant vitamins and minerals, such as vitamins A, E, and C, and zinc may slow the development and progression of CVD. This study aimed at investigating the association between daily consumption of dietary vitamins A, E, and C, and zinc and the incidence of CVD. Eligible adults (n = 5102) aged ≥ 30 years, were selected from the participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study with an average follow-up of 5.3 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examinations. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the development of CVD associated with total intakes of vitamins A, E, and C, and zinc. This study was conducted on 2253 men and 2849 women aged 47.0 ± 11.6 and 45.6 ± 10.5 years, respectively. The main sources of dietary vitamins A, E, and C and zinc were fruits, vegetables, and legumes. Risk of CVD decreased from quartile 1 to quartile 4 for vitamin E intake (HR 1.00, 0.91, 0.77, and 0.57; Ptrend = 0.03). The association between the risk of CVD and quartiles of vitamins A, and C and zinc intake was not statistically significant. Our study suggests an inverse association between vitamin E intake and the risk of CVD, emphasizing the potential protective role of fruit and vegetable in the prevention of CVD.
The rice bran peptide KF-8 extends the lifespan and improves the healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans via skn-1 and daf-16
Authors: Cai Jie , Chen Zhongxu , Wu Yixin , Chen Yajuan , Wang Jianqiang , Lin Qinlu , Liang Ying 
Published: January 2022

Proposed mechanism by which KF-8 improves oxidative stress tolerance and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. ↑: Upregulated; ↓: downregulated. Red arrows: Role of aging, H2O2 and juglone. Green arrows: Role of KF-8.
Pd/CuO–Ni(OH)2/C as a highly efficient and stable catalyst for the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol
Authors: Zhang Sifan , Pei An , Li Guang , Zhu Lihua , Li Guoda , Wu Fengshun , Lin Shuting , Chen Wenqi , Chen Bing Hui , Luque Rafael 
Published: January 2022

Pd/CuO-Ni(OH)2/C showed superior electrocatalytic performance for EOR in comparison with PdCuNi alloy/C and Pd/C. In-situ FTIR studies have shown that CuO and Ni(OH)2 effectively inhibited the adsorption of CO and increased the breaking rate of C-C.
Tribo‐corrosion mechanisms and electromechanical behaviours for metal implants materials of CoCrMo, Ti6Al4V and Ti15Mo alloys
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Zheng Jingjing , Sun Xiaolei , Luo Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCorrosion and wear play significant roles in the aseptic loosening of artificial hip joints for the long‐term service. In this present study, tribo‐corrosion tests were carried out through a reciprocating ball‐on‐plate system to evaluate the corrosion and wear properties of CoCrMo, Ti6Al4V and Ti15Mo alloys in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. It was found that the tribo‐corrosion behaviours of CoCrMo/Al2O3 and Ti15Mo/Al2O3 systems had significant wear‐corrosion synergistic interaction, and wear‐induced corrosion was dominant. For Ti6Al4V/Al2O3 systems, their wear mechanism under SBF lubrication was a combination of abrasive, adhesive and fatigue wear. While the wear mechanism of the Ti15Mo/Al2O3 system under synergistic interaction was a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear. Finally, it was suggested that the Ti15Mo alloy would be the better alternative for metal implant applications compared with the CoCrMo alloy for the consideration of both wear and potential poisonous ions such as Co(III) and Cr(VI).
Cosmogenic gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes from blazars associated with IceCube events
Authors: Das Saikat , Razzaque Soebur , Gupta Nayantara 
Published: January 2022

Context.Blazars constitute the vast majority of extragalacticγ-ray sources. They can also contribute a sizable fraction of the diffuse astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. In the past few years, the real-time alert system of IceCube has led to the multiwavelength follow-up of very high-energy neutrino events of plausible astrophysical origin. Spatial and temporal coincidences of a number of these neutrino events withγ-ray blazars provide a unique opportunity to decipher cosmic-ray interactions in the relativistic jets.Aims.The aim of this work is to test if theγ-ray blazars associated with the IceCube neutrino events are also sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs;E > 1018eV).Methods.Assuming that blazars accelerate UHECRs, we calculate the “guaranteed” contribution to the line-of-sight cosmogenicγ-ray and neutrino fluxes from four blazars associated with IceCube neutrino events. We compare these fluxes with the sensitivities of the upcomingγ-ray imaging telescopes, such as the CTA, and with the planned neutrino detectors, such as IceCube-Gen2.Results.We find that detection of the cosmogenic neutrino fluxes from the blazars TXS 0506+056, PKS 1502+106, and GB6 J1040+0617 would require UHECR luminosity ≳10 times the inferred neutrino luminosity from the associated IceCube events, with the maximum UHECR proton energyEp, max ≈ 1020eV. Cosmogenicγ-ray emission from blazars TXS 0506+056, 3HSP J095507.9 +355101, and GB6 J1040+0617 can be detected by the CTA if the UHECR luminosity is ≳10 times the neutrino luminosity inferred from the associated IceCube events and forEp, max ≳ 1019eV.Conclusions.Detection of cosmogenic neutrino and/orγ-ray flux(es) from blazars associated with IceCube neutrinos may lead to the first direct signature(s) of UHECR sources. Given their relatively low redshifts and hence total energetics, TXS 0506+056 and 3HSP J095507.9+355101 should be the prime targets for upcoming large neutrino andγ-ray telescopes.
Analysis of the heliospheric current sheet’s local structure based on a magnetic model
Authors: Arrazola D. , Blanco J. J. , Hidalgo M. A. 
Published: January 2022

Context.An approach to the problem of estimating several physical properties of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) local structure from a single spacecraft observation point of view was published in 2003. This method, HYperbolic TAngent ROtation (HYTARO), is based on the following two main assumptions: (a) that the HCS is locally flat, and (b) that its magnetic topology is described by a modified Harris field.Aims.A revision of HYTARO by including the spacecraft’s trajectory and developing a more precise procedure able to reduce the number of the required fit parameters is presented in this paper.Methods.This magnetic topology is proposed for the HCS’s local field at 1 AU, and it was applied as a fit function to a collection of 40 HCS crossings detected by the WIND spacecraft during the solar minimum. The estimated HCS local parameters (i.e., orientation and width) are consistent with previous works, which used the minimum variance analysis or the coplanarity variance analysis, and this is inferred from HYTARO results. One of the points of discussion about HYTARO was determining if it was necessary to apply two or three rotations to characterize the field’s relative orientation with respect to the current sheet (CS) plane. As principal component analysis (PCA) is a method to decompose a set of data into no correlated components by identifying eigenvalues and eigenvectors, it is feasible to analyze the possibility of reducing the dimensionality of the problem.Results.HYTARO gives a qualitative description of the observed magnetic field during an HCS crossing. The number of free parameters from the original HYTARO method has been reduced including the relative spacecraft trajectory through the CS and adding a background field related to each Cartesian component. Further, PCA has been implemented to justify applying two rotations with the HYTARO model. The dimensionality is another way to explore the number of rotations needed to relate the field in the local system with the field in GSE coordinates.
Cosmic rays in molecular clouds probed by H2 rovibrational lines
Authors: Padovani Marco , Bialy Shmuel , Galli Daniele , Ivlev Alexei V. , Grassi Tommaso , Scarlett Liam H. , Rehill Una S. , Zammit Mark C. , Fursa Dmitry V. , Bray Igor 
Published: January 2022

Context. Low-energy cosmic rays (<1 TeV) play a fundamental role in the chemical and dynamical evolution of molecular clouds, as they control the ionisation, dissociation, and excitation of H2. Their characterisation is therefore important both for the interpretation of observations and for the development of theoretical models. However, the methods used so far for estimating the cosmic-ray ionisation rate in molecular clouds have several limitations due to uncertainties in the adopted chemical networks.
Aims. We refine and extend a previously proposed method to estimate the cosmic-ray ionisation rate in molecular clouds by observing rovibrational transitions of H2 at near-infrared wavelengths, which are mainly excited by secondary cosmic-ray electrons.
Methods. Combining models of interstellar cosmic-ray propagation and attenuation in molecular clouds with the rigorous calculation of the expected secondary electron spectrum and updated electron-H2 excitation cross sections, we derive the intensity of the four H2 rovibrational transitions observable in cold dense gas: (1−0)O(2), (1−0)Q(2), (1−0)S(0), and (1−0)O(4).
Results. The proposed method allows the estimation of the cosmic-ray ionisation rate for a given observed line intensity and H2 column density. We are also able to deduce the shape of the low-energy cosmic-ray proton spectrum impinging upon the molecular cloud. In addition, we present a look-up plot and a web-based application that can be used to constrain the low-energy spectral slope of the interstellar cosmic-ray proton spectrum. We finally comment on the capability of the James Webb Space Telescope to detect these near-infrared H2 lines, which will make it possible to derive, for the first time, spatial variation in the cosmic-ray ionisation rate in dense gas. Besides the implications for the interpretation of the chemical-dynamic evolution of a molecular cloud, it will finally be possible to test competing models of cosmic-ray propagation and attenuation in the interstellar medium, as well as compare cosmic-ray spectra in different Galactic regions.
Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Arylacetylenes with Bromodifluoroacetamides
Authors: Liu Jing-Hui , Zhao Bin , Hu Guo-Qin , Yao Li-Wei , Gui Shu-Sheng , Geng Chuang , Zhang Wen-Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA copper-catalyzed radical difluoroalkylation of arylacetylenes with bromodifluoroamides has been developed. The reaction exhibits good functional group tolerance and allows access to a variety of substituted α-alkynyl-α,α-difluoroacetamides in moderate to good yields. The potential for scale-up reaction and products derivatization also makes this method attractive for practical applications. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical reaction pathway might be involved in the catalytic system.
Extensile to contractile transition in active microtubule–actin composites generates layered asters with programmable lifetimes
Authors: Berezney John , Goode Bruce L. , Fraden Seth , Dogic Zvonimir 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceActive forces sculpt the forms of living things, generating adaptable and reconfigurable dynamical materials. Creating synthetic materials that exhibit comparable control over internally generated active forces remains a challenge. We demonstrate that active composite networks, collectively driven by the force-generating molecular motors, exhibit complex spatiotemporal patterns similar to those observed in cell biology. Amongst others, we describe robust self-assembly of onion-like layered asters. A self-regulating mechanism ensures the asters’ layered structure survives coalescence-like events, while their temporal stability is encoded in the mechanical properties of the network. Our model system elucidates the essential role of passive elasticity in controlling the emergent nonequilibrium dynamics while also establishing a robust experimental platform for engineering lifelike materials.
Beyond affectedness – partitive objects and degrees of agenthood in Ancient Greek
Authors: Luraghi Silvia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In several ancient and modern Indo-European languages, the partitive-genitive may be used in place of the accusative to encode the second argument of two-place verbs. In Ancient Greek the two types of object encoding can alternate with change-of-state verbs, alternation being viewed as connected with degrees of patient affectedness: the partitive-genitive encodes partially affected objects. Alternation also extends to experiential verbs, which are typically characterized by a low degree of transitivity and do not imply any change of state of the object-stimulus. Rather than concentrating on the implications of case alternation on the construal of the object, I consider the effects of variation on the whole construction, and argue that genitive vs. accusative marking of the object (NomGen vs. NomAcc constructions) reflects the construal of the subject-experiencer. While the different construal of the experiencer in terms of degrees of control cross-linguistically often results in non-nominative encoding of the experiencer, in Ancient Greek it is object encoding that affects the construal of the experiencer and reflects a scale based on possible control. The distribution of constructions with experiential verbs shows that NomAcc is typical of verbs of sight, thought, intellectual knowledge and emotions connected to sight and awareness, such as wonder and fear. NomGen is connected with touch, smell, taste, memory, forgetfulness, care and desire. In the in-between area, verbs of hearing, learning and verbs of affection may feature both accusative and genitive encoding, thus constituting a fuzzy transition area. The connection between sight and other experiential verbs that feature accusative encoding reflects an embodied conceptualization of experiential situations.
Analysis of DefeXtiles: a 3D printed textile towards garments and accessories
Authors: Dorsey Kristen L , Roberts Sonia F , Forman Jack , Ishii Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the structure and mechanical properties of a textile-like material fabricated from polylactic acid (PLA) filament in a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing process. FDM has expanded access to 3D printing, but the resultant parts are largely limited to rigid forms. The process characterized in this work may expand access to flexible, textile-like 3D-printed materials without requiring elastic filaments that are challenging to print. We investigate the mechanical properties of a previously demonstrated 3D printed textile (defeXtiles) that is fabricated by under-extruding a PLA filament during printing. We characterize the impact of selected print parameters on material structure and mechanical properties. We demonstrate materials with tunable flexural rigidity and a factor of 44 increase in stiffness between the most rigid and flexible textures, solely by changing print settings. We conclude by showcasing defeXtiles as a sustainable fabrication process that is accessible to hobbyists and artisans, with demonstrations of a wristband with integrated RFID tag and a fascinator hat.