bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on COVID‐19 vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Dulek Daniel E. , Ardura Monica I. , Green Michael , Michaels Marian G. , Chaudhuri Abanti , Vasquez Luciola , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Posfay‐Barbe Klara M. , McCulloch Mignon I. , L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Benden Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 vaccination has been successful in decreasing rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in areas with high vaccine uptake. Cases of breakthrough SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remain infrequent among immunocompetent vaccine recipients who are protected from severe COVID‐19. Robust data demonstrate the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of several COVID‐19 vaccine formulations. Importantly, Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine studies have now included children as young as 5 years of age with safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness data publicly available. In the United States, emergency use authorization by the Federal Drug Administration and approval from the Centers for Disease Control/Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices have been provided for the 5‐ to 11‐year‐old age group.MethodsMembers of the International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) provide an updated review of current COVID‐19 vaccine data with focus on pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT)‐specific issues.ResultsThis review provides an overview of current COVID‐19 immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy data from key studies, with focus on data of importance to pediatric SOT recipients. Continued paucity of data in the setting of pediatric transplantation remains a challenge.ConclusionsFurther studies of COVID‐19 vaccination in pediatric SOT recipients are needed to better understand post‐vaccine COVID‐19 T‐cell and antibody kinetics and determine the optimal vaccine schedule. Increased COVID‐19 vaccine acceptability, uptake, and worldwide availability are needed to limit the risk that COVID‐19 poses to pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
Representing Personal and Professional Identities in Policing: Sources of Strength and Conflict
Authors: Headley Andrea M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRepresenting diverse identities in government is important for equal employment, symbolic benefits, and opportunities to improve public service outcomes. This article uses qualitative interviews with 32 frontline police officers to examine the ways in which personal and professional identities intersect to promote or impede those benefits. The findings highlight how holding similar sociodemographic identities with the public can be a source of strength as it pertains to promoting shared understanding and reducing the social distance that comes with identity incongruence. However, internal identity conflicts arise as White officers overcome culture shock and endure learning curves, whereas officers of color navigate the dual pressures of empathetic treatment (that comes with shared personal identity) versus arms‐length treatment (that comes with professional identification). Even then, as seen in this study, the way officers treat and interact with the community is imperative and can overcome symbolic identity barriers.
The market made us do it: Public procurement and collaborative labour market inclusion governance from below
Authors: Norbäck Maria , Zapata Campos María José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines the challenges and opportunities for novel governance instruments for labour market inclusion of foreign‐born citizens, developed by local governments in collaboration with non‐profit civil society organisations in Sweden. It is informed by the case of the collaborative arrangements developed between the city of Gothenburg and work integration social enterprises (WISE). The article builds upon collaborative governance and innovation literature and focuses specifically on the first reserved public procurements for buying work training and other services from WISE. Our findings show how a tool that originates from a market governing mechanism can develop into a collaborative governance and innovation instrument. The design and implementation of the reserved procurements set in motion collaborative innovation through creation of collaborative spaces, joint ownership and empowerment, and by turning market governance mechanisms into collaborative governance. First, the ‘looseness’ and ‘openness’ of the governmental arrangements and collaboration spaces created by local actors enabled collaborative innovation. Second, the longstanding innovativeness and collaboration of WISE also played an important role in the development of this collaborative instrument. Third, the small scale of WISE and the larger scale of municipal contracts resulted in scaling up strategies that helped shape collaborative, rather than competitive, practices among WISE, as well as the implementation and diffusion of the innovation. We end the article by discussing the study's implications for collaborative governance and innovation between local governments and civil society.
Phylogeny and disparate selection signatures suggest two genetically independent domestication events in pea (Pisum L.)
Authors: Hellwig Timo , Abbo Shahal , Ophir Ron 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYDomestication is considered a model of adaptation that can be used to draw conclusions about the modus operandi of selection in natural systems. Investigating domestication may give insights into how plants react to different intensities of human manipulation, which has direct implication for the continuing efforts of crop improvement. Therefore, scientists of various disciplines study domestication‐related questions to understand the biological and cultural bases of the domestication process. We employed restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) of 494 Pisum sativum (pea) samples from all wild and domesticated groups to analyze the genetic structure of the collection. Patterns of ancient admixture were investigated by analysis of admixture graphs. We used two complementary approaches, one diversity based and one based on differentiation, to detect the selection signatures putatively associated with domestication. An analysis of the subpopulation structure of wild P. sativum revealed five distinct groups with a notable geographic pattern. Pisum abyssinicum clustered unequivocally within the P. sativum complex, without any indication of hybrid origin. We detected 32 genomic regions putatively subjected to selection: 29 in P. sativum ssp. sativum and three in P. abyssinicum. The two domesticated groups did not share regions under selection and did not display similar haplotype patterns within those regions. Wild P. sativum is structured into well‐diverged subgroups. Although Pisum sativum ssp. humile is not supported as a taxonomic entity, the so‐called 'southern humile' is a genuine wild group. Introgression did not shape the variation observed within the sampled germplasm. The two domesticated pea groups display distinct genetic bases of domestication, suggesting two genetically independent domestication events.
Charmless $$B_s\rightarrow V S$$ decays in PQCD approach
Authors: Liu Zhao-Wu , Zou Zhi-Tian , Li Ying , Liu Xin , Wang Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the $$B_s\rightarrow V S$$

B
s

→
V
S

decays in the perturbative QCD approach, where V and S denote the vector meson and scalar meson respectively. Based on the two-quark structure, considering two different scenarios for describing the scalar mesons, we calculate the branching fractions and the direct CP asymmetries of all $$B_s\rightarrow VS$$

B
s

→
V
S

decays. Most branching fractions are predicted to be at $$10^{-7}$$

10

-
7

to $$10^{-5}$$

10

-
5

, which could be measured in the LHCb and Belle-II experiments, especially for these color-allowed decays $$B_s\rightarrow \kappa (800)(K_0^*(1430))K^*$$

B
s

→
κ

(
800
)

(

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

)

K
∗

and $$B_s\rightarrow K_0^{*-}(1430)\rho ^+$$

B
s

→

K
0

∗
-

(
1430
)

ρ
+

. It is found that the branching fractions of $$B_s\rightarrow K_0^{*0}(1430){\bar{K}}^{*0}$$

B
s

→

K
0

∗
0

(
1430
)

K

¯

∗
0

and $$B_s\rightarrow K_0^{*+}(1430){\bar{K}}^{*-}$$

B
s

→

K
0

∗
+

(
1430
)

K

¯

∗
-

are very sensitive to the scenarios, which can be used to determine whether $$K_0^{*0}(1430)$$

K
0

∗
0

(
1430
)

belongs to the ground state or the first excited state, if the data were available. We also note that some decays have large direct CP asymmetries, some of which are also sensitive to the scenarios, such as the $$B_s \rightarrow a_0^+(1450)K^{*-}$$

B
s

→

a
0
+

(
1450
)

K

∗
-

and the $$B_s\rightarrow f_0(1500) K^{*0}$$

B
s

→

f
0

(
1500
)

K

∗
0

decays. Since the experimental measurements of $$B_s\rightarrow VS$$

B
s

→
V
S

decays are on the way, combined with the available data in the future, we expect the theoretical predictions will shed light on the structure of the scalar mesons.
Constraints on the maximum mass of quark star and the GW 190814 event
Authors: Tangphati Takol , Karar Indrani , Pradhan Anirudh , Banerjee Ayan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGravitational-waves (GWs) data have widely been used for testing preferred modified gravity theories. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of testing them in the strong gravity regime by looking at the properties of compact objects in dense matter physics. In this direction modified gravity theories such as f(R, T) gravity can be tested with the recently discovered compact binary merger, GW 190814, containing a compact object with mass 2.50–2.67 $$M_{\odot }$$

M
⊙

. By considering these constraints on maximum mass of such an object, we predict the existence of quark stars (QSs) made of quark matter in the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase of color superconductivity. Such a state is significantly more bound than ordinary quark matter and enhances the possibility of the existence of a pure stable QS. We focus on the following aspects in particular: mass–radius profile, mass-central mass density relation, compactness and the corresponding effective adiabatic index for stability related issues. Our result implies that predicted properties for QSs are well consistent with GW 190814 observational data that helps us to impose constraints on the theoretical models of dense nuclear matter.
Citizen Responder Activation in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Time of Day and Day of Week
Authors: Mottlau Katarina Høgh , Andelius Linn Charlotte , Gregersen Rasmus , Malta Hansen Carolina , Folke Fredrik 
Published: January 2022

Background
We aim to examine diurnal and weekday variations in citizen responder availability and intervention at out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation.

Methods and Results

We included confirmed OHCAs where citizen responders were activated by a smartphone application in the Capital Region of Denmark between September 1, 2017 and August 31, 2018. OHCAs were analyzed by time of day (daytime: 07:00
am
–03:59
pm
, evening: 4:00–11:59
pm
, and nighttime: 12:00–06:59
am
) and day of week (Monday–Friday or Saturday–Sunday/public holidays). We included 438 OHCAs where 6836 citizen responders were activated. More citizen responders accepted alarms in the evening (mean 4.8 [95% CI, 4.4–5.3]) compared with daytime (3.7 [95% CI, 3.4–4.4]) and nighttime (1.8 [95% CI, 1.5–2.2]) (
P
<0.001), and more accepted alarms during weekends (4.3 [95% CI, 3.8–4.9]) compared with weekdays (3.4 [95% CI, 3.2–3.7]) (
P
<0.001). Proportion of OHCAs where at least 1 citizen responder arrived before Emergency Medical Services were significantly different between day (42.9%), evening (50.3%), and night (26.1%) (
P
<0.001), and between weekdays (37.2%) and weekends (53.5%) (
P
=0.002). When responders arrived before Emergency Medical Services, there was no difference of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation or defibrillation between daytime, evening, and nighttime (
P
=0.75 and
P
=0.22, respectively) or between weekend and weekdays (
P
=0.29 and
P
=0.12, respectively).

Conclusions
Citizen responders were more likely to accept OHCA alarms during evening and weekends, with the highest proportion of responders arriving before Emergency Medical Services in the evening. However, there was no significant difference in delivering cardiopulmonary resuscitation or early defibrillation among cases where citizen responders arrived before Emergency Medical Services.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03835403.
Community Policing in Malawi: Citizen Involvement, Satisfaction and Challenges
Authors: Mutupha Joseph Fredrick , Zhu Yapeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The concept of community policing was adopted by the Malawi government as a vehicle to facilitate police and the public engagement in fighting crimes. Considering that community policing has existed for over a decade in Malawi, this study was carried out to holistically uncover challenges associated with public involvement in community policing activities with the purpose to provide empirically backed strategies for the efficient implementation of the concept.
The study employed a case study approach. Purposive sampling was used on one hand to select the research site – Central Regions of Malawi and to select the police officers working as Community Policing Coordinators and members of the communities working in Community Police Forums. Quota sampling was used to select police officers and members of the community from each district. Finally, convenient sampling was used to select police officers and members within the quotas of each district. Focus group discussions were conducted with 16 Community Police Forums; interviews were conducted with 16 Community Policing Coordinators; a questionnaire was used to collect data from 144 community members and 200 police officers.
Results show that the community members are not satisfied with police officers in the way they implement the community policing because the police do not offer the public enough protection from criminals and that the police mostly treat the community badly. The community members were involved in the implementation of the community policing mainly because of worsening crimes in the community, personal fear of the crimes, need to be recognised by the police and the desire to benefit from the rewards from Non-Governmental Organisations in form of food. The factors that challenged the implementation of community policing include lack of knowledge on community policing on the part of police officers; lack of recognition of community policing; corrupt practices; lack of confidentiality; poor working relationship; and lack of resources.
The concept of community policing continues to receive unprecedented attention in police reforms. Much as there is evidence of growing literature on this concept, little is known in Malawi where this study was conducted. In light of this, the study provides valuable literature which might be necessary for global academics and particularly in community policing in Malawi with practical implications on re-designing and continued implementation of community policing in Malawi and perhaps other developing countries.
Insights into the Usefulness of a New Extreme Weather Guidance Tool: The Long-Range Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Southwest Pacific (TCO-SP)
Authors: Magee Andrew D. , Kiem Anthony S. , Lorrey Andrew M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) produce extreme winds, large waves, storm surges, intense rainfall, and flooding and account for almost 75% of natural disasters across the southwest Pacific (SWP) region. The island nations and territories across the SWP rely on seasonal TC outlooks for insights into possible risks for the coming TC season. Launched in July 2020, the Long-Range Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Southwest Pacific (TCO-SP) provides deterministic (frequency) and probabilistic (likelihood) TC outlooks for 12 subregional and island-scale locations up to 4 months (July) before the start of the SWP TC season (November–April). Following TCO-SP’s first season of operation, this study (i) outlines the process of generating and communicating TCO-SP outlooks, (ii) provides a postseason validation of TCO-SP performance on the 2020/21 SWP TC season, and (iii) reports on the results of a questionnaire used to determine end-user needs and user-perceived usefulness of TCO-SP. Postseason validation indicates that TCO-SP successfully predicted a near-normal SWP TC season. Island- and regional-scale guidance also performed well, with an average skill score of 54% across all regions. Analysis of responses to a TCO-SP questionnaire revealed a diverse and global user base that indicate the core features of TCO-SP (island-scale/regional-scale outlooks, regular monthly updates, and an outlook lead time up to 4 months before the start of the TC season) are particularly useful. TCO-SP will continue to innovate to deliver reliable and trusted TC outlooks with a goal to reduce disaster risk and increase resilience across the SWP region.
Youth and suicidality: Correlates among clients attending youth mental health promotion clinics in India
Authors: Banandur Pradeep , Hasiruvalli Gangappa Virupaksha , Koujageri Jyoti M , Garady Lavanya , Arelingaiah Mutharaju , Ramamurthy Sathya Velu , Naik Vani , Rai Veeksha , Giboy Shalin , Sajjanar Sateesh , Subhash Chandra Kasipalli Laxminarayana , Rajneesh Shalini , Gopalkrishna Gururaj 
Published: January 2022

Background: Suicidality among youth is one of the most challenging public health issues. A thorough understanding of the risk factors that contribute to youth suicidality is necessary. The main aim of the study is to estimate the proportion of suicidality and understand factors associated with suicidality amongst clients attending youth mental health promotion clinics in Karnataka, India. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional case record analysis was performed utilising data from real-time digitised management information system specifically developed for the programme. All case records of clients aged 15 to 35 years who received mental health promotion (MHP) services between January 2017 and December 2020 across 30 districts of Karnataka were included in this analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with suicidality among clients as outcome. Socio-demographic characteristics, issues reported, feelings/emotions that indicate underlying mental health issue/crisis, being aware of suicidality among friends and family and personal habits (smoking/chewing tobacco and drinking alcohol) were considered potential exposure variables. Findings: Overall proportion of suicidality among youth presenting to youth mental health promotion clinics in Karnataka was 3.5% (357/10,340). Among factors associated with suicidality, the strongest association was found among those clients who reported attempted suicide among friends (AOR 8.94; 95% CI 5.95–13.45), family members (AOR 5.50; 95% CI 3.66–8.29), being anxious (AOR 4.90; 95% CI 3.43–6.99), inability to trust anyone (AOR 4.07; 95% CI 2.75–6.03), had issues of Gender, Sex and Sexuality (AOR 3.16; 95% CI 1.93–5.17) and relationship issues (AOR 2.77; 95% CI 2.05–3.73). Conclusion: The results alert all institutions, organisations and departments that cater to services and development of youth, to be sensitive towards risk factors of suicidality. The study advocates youth mental health promotion clinics to be equipped with measures/interventions to identify and manage such risk factors. This study has implications for Youth mental health promotion in India and other similar South-East Asian countries.
Expanding Data to Care Programs to Improve HIV Care Continuum Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Persons: Key Processes and Outcomes From Project PrIDE, 2015-2019
Authors: Mulatu Mesfin S. , Carter Jarvis W. , Flores Stephen A. , Benton Shaliondel , Galindo Carla A. , Johnson Wayne D. , Wilkes Aisha L. , Mbaka Cecily K. , Prather Cynthia 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: During 2015-2019, five local and state health department jurisdictions implemented Data to Care (D2C) programs supported by Project PrIDE (Pre-exposure prophylaxis, Implementation, Data to Care, and Evaluation) to improve linkage or reengagement in HIV medical care among persons with HIV (PWH) who had gaps in care, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons. We describe findings from the cross-jurisdiction evaluation of the project. Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis of the final progress reports submitted by PrIDE jurisdictions to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to identify key D2C activities implemented and challenges encountered. We also conducted descriptive analysis on aggregate quantitative data to summarize key D2C program outcomes. Results: PrIDE jurisdictions implemented multiple activities to build their D2C capacity, identify PWH who were not in care or virally suppressed, provide linkage/reengagement services, and monitor outcomes. Overall, 11 463 PWH were selected for follow-up, 45% of whom were MSM or transgender persons. Investigations were completed for 8935 (77.9%) PWH. Only 2323 (26.0%) PWH were confirmed not in care or virally suppressed; 1194 (51.4%) were subsequently linked/reengaged in care; among those, 679 (56.9%) were virally suppressed at last test. PrIDE jurisdictions identified data-related (eg, incomplete or delayed laboratory results), program capacity (eg, insufficient staff), and social and structural (eg, unstable housing) challenges that affected their D2C implementation. Conclusions: PrIDE jurisdictions successfully enhanced their D2C capacity, reached priority populations who were not in care or virally suppressed, and improved their engagement in care and health outcomes. Data-related and non–data-related challenges limited the efficiency of D2C programs. Findings can help inform other D2C programs and contribute to national HIV prevention goals.