bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Two Phase Flow in a Hydrophobic Porous Medium Interacting with a Hydrophilic Structure
Authors: Michalkowski Cynthia , Weishaupt Kilian , Schleper Veronika , Helmig Rainer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFluid flow through layered materials with different wetting behavior is observed in a wide range of applications in biological, environmental and technical systems. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the occuring transport mechanisms of the fluids at the interface between the layered constituents. Of special interest is the water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Here, it is necessary to understand the transport mechanisms of water throughout the cell constituents especially on the cathode side, where the excess water has to be removed. This is crucial to choose optimal operating conditions and improve the overall cell performance. Pore-scale modeling of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and gas distributor has been established as a favorable technique to investigate the ongoing processes. Investigating the interface between the hydrophobic porous GDL and the hydrophilic gas distributor, a particular challenge is the combination and interaction of the different material structures and wetting properties at the interface and its influence on the flow. In this paper, a modeling approach is presented which captures the influence of a hydrophilic domain on the flow in a hydrophobic porous domain at the interface between the two domains. A pore-network model is used as the basis of the developed concept which is extended to allow the modeling of mixed-wet interactions at the interface. The functionality of the model is demonstrated using basic example configurations with one and several interface pores and it is applied to a realistic GDL representation in contact with a channel-land structured gas distributor.
Bringing Sectors Together in Da Nang, Vietnam: Participatory Systems Mapping
Authors: Kieu Thi Kinh , Grattan Karen , Goldman Bailey , Ha Tran Thi Thuy , Thi Tran Thi Thu , Pomeroy–Stevens Amanda , Bachani Damodar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe USAID-funded Building Healthy Cities (BHC) work in Da Nang, Vietnam, engaged 108 multi-sector stakeholders to gather qualitative data across two workshops and three citizen town halls from 2019 to 2021. These data were synthesized with the results from BHC’s seven other activities in Da Nang to build systems maps. Contextual findings showed that multi-sector, multi-level participation and collaboration have been the key to moving the city toward their smart and livable city goals. Currently, citizen, nongovernmental organization, and private sector collaboration are low for many government sectors, which results in policy and programs that are mismatched to actual needs and therefore have less powerful impacts. When these policies and programs are implemented, they struggle to demonstrate strong benefits to these stakeholder groups, further decreasing participation. This is central to the systems map that BHC developed, and is expanded upon through additional patterns that fall within four main areas: management quality; vision and leadership; workforce capacity; and community engagement. Stakeholders found four key leverage points within this context that, if included in every action, could help overcome barriers. These leverage opportunities are: (1) investing at all levels; (2) improving function and innovation of information technology; (3) increasing participation and feedback; and (4) creating more responsive policy. As BHC concludes activities in Da Nang, local university students will be trained on systems mapping techniques to embed systems thinking skills into the next generation of workforce, and a set of recommendations will be developed to share with the government to act on these findings.
Studies on European rust fungi, Pucciniales: molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and nomenclature of miscellaneous genera and species in Pucciniastraceae and Coleosporiaceae
Authors: Scholler Markus , Braun Uwe , Buchheit Ramona , Schulte Thomas , Bubner Ben 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing molecular phylogenetic analyses (ITS) and morphological data obtained from light and electron microscopy, some European and North American species and genera placed or formerly placed in the genus Pucciniastrum in the Coleosporiaceae and Pucciniastraceae (Pucciniales) were taxonomically revised. The ITS analyses confirmed recent familiar concepts based on less variable markers except for the genus Hyalopsora. The family Pucciniastraceae is characterized by Abietoideae (Abies, Tsuga) aecial hosts. Pucciniastrum is described as a genus that consists of host-alternating species forming aecia on needles of Abies hosts, with special features of aeciospore morphology, and Onagraceae telial hosts. Other genera in the Pucciniastraceae are Calyptospora, Melampsorella, and additional taxa, which are currently provisionally placed in Pucciniastrum, but must be revised in future studies. Pucciniastrum epilobii (s. lat.), the type species of Pucciniastraceae, represents at least two species with different life cycles and urediniospore characteristics and is lecto- and epitypified. The family Coleosporiaceae, characterized by Pinoideae (Pinus) and Piceoideae (Picea) aecial hosts, contains Rosaceae rusts from three well-supported clades represented by three genera, Thekopsora, Quasipucciniastrum, and Aculeastrum gen. nov. Aculeastrum is characterized by coarsely arcuate ostiolar peridial cells and infects Rubus spp. telial hosts. The following new taxonomic combinations are proposed: Calyptospora ornamentalis comb. nov., Quasipucciniastrum ochraceum comb. nov., Q. potentillae comb. nov, Aculeastrum americanum comb. nov., and A. arcticum comb. nov. The results are discussed with emphasis on future studies in Pucciniastrum and the P. epilobii complex and on nomenclatural changes necessary for rust fungi due to the Shenzhen Code.
Findings From A Qualitative Field Study with An Autonomous Robot in Public: Exploration of User Reactions and Conflicts
Authors: Babel Franziska , Kraus Johannes , Baumann Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoon service robots will be employed in public spaces with frequent human-robot interaction (HRI). To achieve a safe, trustworthy and acceptable HRI, service robots need to be equipped with interaction strategies suitable for the robot, user, and context. To gain realistic insights into the initial user reactions and challenges that arise when a mechanoid, autonomous service robot in public is applied, a field study with three data sources was conducted. In a first step, lay users’ intuitive reactions to a cleaning robot at a train station were observed ($$N = 344$$N=344). Second, passersby’s preferences for HRI interaction strategies were explored in interviews ($$n = 54$$n=54). As a third step, trust and acceptance of the robot were assessed with questionnaires ($$n = 32$$n=32). Identified challenges were social robot navigation in crowded places also applicable to vulnerable passersby, inclusive communication modalities, information of staff and public about the service robot application and the need for conflict resolution strategies to avoid an inefficient robot (e.g., testing behavior, path is blocked). This study provides insights into naive HRI in public and illustrates challenges, provides recommendations supported by literature and highlights aspects for future research to inspire a research agenda in the field of public HRI.
The Effect of a Short Mindfulness Meditation on Somatosensory Attention
Authors: Bokk Orsolya , Forster Bettina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness training has been theorised to have beneficial effects on mental health through initially changes in attention mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of a short mindfulness meditation on the P300 event-related potential (ERP), a neural marker of attention, in meditation-naïve participants.

Methods
As mindfulness practice is based on monitoring bodily sensations and breathing, we applied somatosensory stimuli to investigate attention changes. We employed an oddball paradigm with frequent tactile stimuli delivered to the tip of the index finger and infrequent stimuli to the base of the index and the little finger of the right hand to elicit the somatosensory P300. Forty-six participants counted the infrequent stimuli in two separate sessions before and after a 10-min guided meditation, or a control audio clip. We also measured participants’ trait mindfulness (FFMQ) and anxiety (STAI-T) to ensure similar levels in the meditation and control group prior to the intervention.

Results
In line with previous research, we show decreased somatosensory P300 amplitudes to infrequent tactile target stimuli after compared to before the audio clip in the control group. Such a decrease in P300 amplitudes was not present in the mindfulness meditation group as confirmed in a significant group by time interaction.

Conclusions
Even a short mindfulness meditation leads to preservation of attention resources in meditation-naïve participants. The preservation (or lack of habituation) of the amplitude of the somatosensory P300 across repeated presentations may reflect the underlying, early neural mechanism by which mindfulness meditation training modulates executive attention.

Trial Registration
Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/pkxm3.
Efficient Separation of Nd(III) and La(III) Via Supported Liquid Membrane Using EHEHPA (P507) as a Carrier
Authors: Li Lin , Davis Krystal , King Aaron , Dal-Cin Mauro , Nicalek Andrzej , Yu Ben 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work tested an effective and efficient Nd/La extraction and separation via flat-sheet supported liquid membrane. A microporous polypropylene film was used as the solid support for the liquid membrane and P507 as the extractant. The effect of Nd(III) and La(III) concentration in the feed, the concentration of P507, and acid solution concentration in the stripping phase on Nd and La extraction and separation were studied. The results suggest the extraction of La and Nd increases with the initial pH of the feed solution and P507 concentration. Maximum separation factor of 44.25 was obtained at the low P507 concentration of 5% (v/v).
Graphical Abstract
Diverging ecological traits between the Balkan lynx and neighbouring populations as a basis for planning its genetic rescue
Authors: Melovski Dime , Krofel Miha , Avukatov Vasko , Fležar Ursa , Gonev Andrej , Hočevar Lan , Ivanov Gjorge , Leschinski Lisa , Pavlov Aleksandar , Stojanov Aleksandar , Veapi Ekrem , Mengüllüoğlu Deniz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelecting appropriate candidates for genetic rescue mostly relies on previous genetic research and monitoring, while ecological and behavioural traits of the remnant and source populations are rarely considered for such conservation measures. Because of their slow recovery, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx populations in Central and Western Europe have been a repeated target of genetic reinforcements and reintroductions in the past 50 years. Once inhabiting much of south-eastern Europe, the Balkan lynx L. l. balcanicus is now critically endangered and confined to a small population. Long-term isolation has caused loss of genetic diversity and has possibly led to inbreeding depression. Immediate actions need to consider genetic reinforcement to increase the genetic diversity and secure population viability. Here, we compared the Balkan lynx with two neighbouring populations: Dinaric population originating from the Carpathian subspecies (L.l. carpathicus) and Anatolian population of Caucasian subspecies (L.l. dinniki) to determine is better suited source from an ecological standpoint. Main findings suggest that the L.l. carpathicus is ecologically more similar to the L.l. balcanicus and therefore likely better suited for the environment of south-western Balkans on the basis of prey preference (roe deer being the main prey), local prey availability (lower lagomorph and higher ungulate availability) and habitat use (predominant use of the mixed and broadleaved forests). We discuss the contrasting results of genetic and ecological analyses from both the evolutionary and conservation perspective and provide potential solutions that would take into account both aspects to pave the road towards potential genetic rescue of the Balkan lynx.
Recreational Physical Activity in Urban India: Perceptions and a Pilot Intervention
Authors: Rathi Neha , Bhandarkar Renuka , Kulkarni Mrinmoyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe inactive lifestyle of urban Indians has increased their risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A qualitative study was designed to explore barriers and facilitators related to exercise participation among urban Indians. Underpinned by the developmental life course theory, nine focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 29 women and 26 men residing in Mumbai, India. Focus groups were gender and age stratified. Both thematic analysis and content analysis techniques were used to analyse the data. While the lack of time was mentioned as a barrier by all groups, an unstructured schedule was mentioned specifically by women and awareness of physical health benefits emerged as the most popular facilitator for recreational physical activity. Based on the results of the FGDs, a pilot exercise intervention for sedentary women (N = 6) was conducted which consisted of a morning walk six days a week for 10 weeks. Post-intervention, an FGD was conducted to explore participants’ perspectives on their experience in the intervention. The participants reported that the intervention enhanced exercise self-efficacy and well-being. Exercise as relaxation, spousal support, and need for peers to exercise with emerged as primary themes during the follow-up FGD. These findings can inform the development of age and gender-specific as well as culturally appropriate interventions to facilitate active living.
Ethnic disparities in clozapine prescription for service-users with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Ventura Anita Margarette Bayya , Hayes Richard D. , Fonseca de Freitas Daniela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClozapine is the only licenced medication for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Previous studies have suggested unequal rates of clozapine treatment by ethnicity among individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. One previous review has investigated this topic but was restricted to studies from the USA. This current review aims to synthesise the international literature regarding ethnic disparities in clozapine prescription amongst individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. We searched CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO and Open Grey and reviewed studies reporting on the proportion of service-users prescribed clozapine separately for different ethnic groups, in individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or any schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. A narrative synthesis was conducted to integrate information from included studies. The review was registered in PROSPERO (Number: CRD42020221731). From 24 studies, there is strong, consistent evidence that Black and Hispanic service-users in the UK and the USA are significantly less likely to receive clozapine than White/Caucasian service-users after controlling for multiple demographic and clinical potential confounders. In New Zealand, Māori service-users were reported to be more likely to receive clozapine than those of White/European ethnicity. There is mixed evidence regarding Asian service-users in the UK. The mentioned disparities were observed in studies with TRS and non-TRS cohorts. The results imply that access to clozapine treatment varies among ethnic groups. These findings raise an ethical concern as they suggest a compromise of the standards of care in schizophrenia treatment practices. Interventions are needed to reduce clozapine prescribing disparities among ethnic communities.
Engendering China–Africa Encounters: Chinese Family Firms, Black Women Workers and the Gendered Politics of Production in South Africa
Authors: Xu Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the centrality of family and gender in Chinese factories in Africa through a case study of Chinese garment production in Newcastle, South Africa. The data used in the article were collected through field research in 2015 and 2016 and several follow-up interviews in 2020 and 2021. The study presents a twofold argument. First, Chinese garment firms in Newcastle can be characterized as “translocal” family firms. Unlike Chinese state enterprises and large transnational companies, these translocal family firms represent a particular kind of private capital that prioritizes a diversified source of income and that is economically embedded but less concessionary to labour pressures. Second, the racial and class encounters between Chinese employers and African women workers are constructed and contested through gender. While Chinese employers attempt to impose racial hierarchy and increase production, Zulu women workers respond to managerial control and demands in creative and gendered ways.
Digital Footprints and Data-Security Risks for Political Scientists
Authors: Henry Colin , Gohdes Anita , Dorff Cassy 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTAs greater shares of research and data are digitized, political scientists are increasingly confronted with questions pertaining to data security. Yet, data-management plans rarely evaluate the risks pertaining to a researcher’s data across all project phases. This article highlights distinct risks related to key phases of the research process that deserve more attention by scholars. We emphasize risks during a project’s inception and pre-data-collection phases, as well as risks associated with data publication and its afterlife. We discuss how shifts in political context and (re)newed politicization of topics can present new security risks for both the researcher and the researched communities long after a project has been completed. We provide a framework for recognizing and mitigating data risks, thereby contributing to the growing interest in data-security best practices.
An ASP Approach for Reasoning on Neural Networks under a Finitely Many-Valued Semantics for Weighted Conditional Knowledge Bases
Authors: GIORDANO LAURA , THESEIDER DUPRÉ DANIELE 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWeighted knowledge bases for description logics with typicality have been recently considered under a “concept-wise” multipreference semantics (in both the two-valued and fuzzy case), as the basis of a logical semantics of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). In this paper we consider weighted conditional
$\mathcal{ALC}$
knowledge bases with typicality in the finitely many-valued case, through three different semantic constructions. For the boolean fragment
$\mathcal{LC}$
of
$\mathcal{ALC}$
we exploit answer set programming and asprin for reasoning with the concept-wise multipreference entailment under a
$\varphi$
-coherent semantics, suitable to characterize the stationary states of MLPs. As a proof of concept, we experiment the proposed approach for checking properties of trained MLPs.
On the Prediction of the Characteristic Times of River Meander Cutoff Sequence: Theoretical Model and Comparison With Laboratory and Field Observations
Authors: Pannone M. , De Vincenzo A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRiver meander dynamics inevitably interferes with a number of human activities and productive processes. Therefore, investigating the involved physical processes and modeling their space‐time evolution represent a crucial requirement in terms of sustainable river management and restoration planning. In the present study, a deterministic integral‐differential equation that governs river‐bend growth and death in the absence of natural or anthropic forcing is for the first time derived and solved by resorting to cardinal fluid‐mechanical equations such as Navier‐Stokes’ in the Lamb‐Oseen version. The related 1‐D model, which accounts for morphology and sedimentology via the meander migration rate and its radius of curvature, proves to be able to grasp the periodic nature of the phenomenon. Additionally, it exhibits an overall very good agreement with field pre‐cutoff and post‐cutoff observations, as well as with the outcome of an ad hoc‐designed laboratory experiment that simulated near‐cutoff conditions. Hence, it may represent a fast and easy tool to monitor river bend hydro‐geomorphological evolution, particularly when the signs of the incipient instability suggest quantifying the time left to its routine exploitation and to timely plan, where needed, suitable management and restoration interventions.
Continental Magmatism: The Surface Manifestation of Dynamic Interactions Between Cratonic Lithosphere, Mantle Plumes and Edge‐Driven Convection
Authors: Duvernay Thomas , Davies D. Rhodri , Mathews Christopher R. , Gibson Angus H. , Kramer Stephan C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral of Earth's intra‐plate volcanic provinces lie on or adjacent to continental lithosphere. Although many are believed to mark the surface expression of mantle plumes, our limited understanding of how buoyant plumes interact with heterogeneous continental lithosphere prevents further progress in identifying mechanisms at the root of continental volcanism. In this study, using a suite of 3‐D geodynamical models, we demonstrate that the magmatic expression of plumes in continental settings is complex and strongly sensitive to the location of plume impingement, differing substantially from that expected beneath more homogeneous oceanic lithosphere. Within Earth's continents, thick cratonic roots locally limit decompression melting. However, they deflect plume conduits during their ascent, with plume material channeled along gradients in lithospheric thickness, activating magmatism away from the plume conduit, sometimes simultaneously at locations more than a thousand kilometres apart. This magmatism regularly concentrates at lithospheric steps, where it may be difficult to distinguish from that arising through edge‐driven convection. At times, the flow field associated with the plume enhances melting at these steps long before plume material enters the melting zone, implying that differentiating geochemical signatures will be absent. Beneath regions of thinner lithosphere, plume‐related flow can force material downwards at lithospheric steps, shutting off pre‐existing edge‐related magmatism. Additionally, variations in lithospheric structure can induce internal destabilization of ponding plume material, driving intricate magmatic patterns at the surface. Our analysis highlights the challenges associated with linking continental magmatism to underlying mantle dynamics, motivating an inter‐disciplinary approach in future studies.