bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing and youth mental health during a COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Groot J. , Keller A. , Joensen A. , Nguyen T.-L. , Andersen A.-M. Nybo , Strandberg-Larsen K. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDeclines in mental health among youth in the COVID-19 pandemic have been observed, yet longitudinal studies on how housing may impact these declines are lacking.ObjectivesOur aim was to determine whether changes in mental health among Danish youth were dependent on their housing conditions.MethodsYoung participants from the Danish National Birth Cohort, who had responded to an online questionnaire at 18 years of age, and later during the initial national Danish lockdown, were included. Associations between housing conditions (direct access to outdoor spaces, urbanicity, household density, and household composition) and changes in mental health (mental well-being, quality of life (QoL) and loneliness) were examined in multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsWe included 7455 participants. Greater decreases in mental well-being were observed for youth with no access to direct outdoor spaces and those living in denser households (mean difference -0.83 [95 % CI -1.19, -0.48], -0.30 [-0.43, -0.18], respectively). Onset of low mental well-being was associated with no access and living alone (odds ratios (OR) 1.68 [1.15, 2.47] and OR 1.47 [1.05, 2.07], respectively). Household density was negatively associated with QoL (mean difference -0.21 [-0.30, -0.12]). Youth living alone experienced more loneliness (OR 2.12 [95 % CI 1.59, 2.82]).ConclusionsHow youth’s mental health changed from before to during lockdown was associated with housing conditions. Among the Danish youth in our study, greater decreases in mental health during lockdown were observed among youth without access to outdoor spaces, living alone, or living in denser households.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotic disorders in migrant population
Authors: Felgueiras P. , Barbosa P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOne of the defining features of the modern world is a large scale migration that occurs due to a range of factors, from political conflicts to personal and voluntary reasons. This process can cause a severe disruption in individuals’ biography and can be followed by a large period of adaptation and a phenomenon of acculturation. Surprisingly, there is little research on the impact of migration and settlement on risk of psychosis.ObjectivesRegarding a clinical case, we aim to enphasize the current evidence about the risk of psychotic disorders in migrants.MethodsWe present a qualitative review of this topic using the Pubmed database.Results27 years old portuguese female, with hyperthymic temperament and history of depressive episode. Her process of migration in 2016 was motivated by an academic purpose. In context of stressful life events she developed psychotic symptoms - messianic and persecutory delusions, with visual and auditory hallucinations.ConclusionsThere is an increased risk of psychosis among migrant population that is well documented. This is even the main risk factor with the exception of a family history of psychosis. The risk can be explained by socio-demographic and psychological features, factors involving the migration process, and socio-occupational environment in the host country. A socio-developmental-cognitive model theorize how exposure to a stressful environment and social defeat interacts with underlying genetic risk to create an enduring liability to psychosis. These findings can help in important decisions about mental health resources and accessibility, including protocols to identify and treat migrants at higher risk of mental diseases.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
New digital tools for assessing neuropsychological executive functioning in old and new addictions. an exploratory study
Authors: Balconi M. , Sansone M. , Angioletti L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNowadays new tools suitable for exploring executive functioning (EF) of behavioral addicted individuals are needed.ObjectivesThis study tests a novel digital assessment battery that can be easily and remotely adopted by neuropsychologists working in the field of addiction.MethodsTwenty-three participants were divided into two groups, balanced for age and education: an experimental (EXP) group of 13 patients with gambling behavior, and a control (CNT) group of 10 healthy subjects. A neuropsychological battery including 5 neuropsychological tests (measuring long- and short-term verbal memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal and non-verbal fluency, attention), and a behavioral task (modified Go/NoGo task with addiction-related stimuli) was digitally administered. Anxiety, depression, and impulsivity levels were collected before the evaluation.ResultsSignificantly higher scores were found for repetition errors in the short-term verbal memory test, in the EXP subjects compared to controls. Higher reaction times were found in the Go/No-Go task for the EXP compared to CNT, with significant differences for neutral and addiction-related (cocaine, THC) stimuli. Furthermore, EXP showed higher impulsivity scores.ConclusionsAlthough the study was only exploratory, the significant results could support the validity of this new digital tool. Besides, we could conclude that memory impairment and attentional bias in inhibitory control tasks could cover a significant role in new and old addiction and that impulsivity could represent a critical factor in explaining the relationship between EF impairment and addiction. Lastly, this study contributes not only to the understanding of EF impairment in addictions but also in the delivery of remote suitable digital neuropsychological testing.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient
Authors: Suárez-Gómez M. , Rodrigues P. , Gómez A. Suárez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStoke is a growing public health problem in the developed world resulting in more hospitalization and mortality. In young adults stroke is the third most common cause of death world wide and the fourth leading cause of disease burden.ObjectivesThe aim was to describe a case of recovery after two hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient.MethodsIt was presented a clinical case and review the current literature showing the pathway of recovery.ResultsA 38-years-old man presented two episodes of hemorrahgic strokes with a lack of 6 months. With history of hypertension, smoking habits and consume of cannabinoid. The first hemorrhagic stroke had sequels of right hemiparesis. It was diagnosed with frontal arteriovenous malformation. In the second episode was submeted to frontoparietal craniotomy with total dissection of the arteriovenous malformation. After surgery he had convulsive crises that remited with valproic and levetirazetan. It did intensive rehabilitation and two months later he recovered totally. In this momente he is functional for daily lactivities, maintained the same treatment and cognitive stimulation.ConclusionsIt is necessary to accomplish for healthy habits in order to prevent strokes in young people. A better prognoses may be related to a urgent and prolonged intervention and reabilitation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotic symptoms in danon disease: A clinical case report
Authors: Tuneu C. Massaneda , Soria V. , Gascón-Bayarri J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDanon disease is an X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy related to a primary deficiency in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2. Danon disease manifests with the triad of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myopathy and intellectual disability.Psychiatric symptoms related to the disease have only been studied in a few case reports (Hatz et al, 2010 and Tanidir et al, 2015) and a case series (Yardeni et al, 2016), leaving its pathophysiological mechanisms understudied.ObjectivesProvide scientific data on psychotic symptoms in patients with Danon disease.MethodsWe report an unusual case of a 25-year-old-patient affected by Danon disease that showed an acute psychotic episode.ResultsMr P is a 25 year-old white male, with past medical history for Danon disease. Mr P presents hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolf Parkinson White arrhythmia and carries an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. There are previous records of mild intellectual disability and the patient had experienced anxiety symptoms as well as obsessive thoughts in the past without receiving any specific diagnosis or treatment. He was admitted to the Neurology inpatient unit to study behavioural symptoms with atypical visual and auditory hallucinations, accompanied by paranoid delusions during the last 4 days. He was examined by the liaison psychiatric team. Psychosis remitted within 72 hours after introducing risperidone 3mg per day, with good tolerability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was normal.ConclusionsDanon disease is caused by heterogeneity genetic mutation which means that patients can present different levels of clinical manifestations. The current case report highlights the variety of psychiatric symptoms in patients with Danon disease, and raises awareness towards its identification and treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sense of coherence, spontaneous brain activity, and burnout severity
Authors: Tei S. , Fujino J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBurnout has become a critical issue in health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies report on the importance of peoples’ sense of coherence (SOC) or control over work for dealing with burnout. SOC implicates a stress-coping capacity involving comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. However, little is known on how SOC cognitively modulates burnout experiences.ObjectivesTo investigate neurocognitive mechanisms of SOC and burnout in medical professionals.MethodsForty-one registered nurses were enrolled. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured resting-state brain activity. We identified brain regions associated with SOC and burnout levels by correlating these trait scores to regional fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF). Subsequently, we investigated whether participants’ levels of SOC impacted their fALFF-burnout association by mediation analysis.ResultsSOC and depersonalization dimension of burnout were negatively correlated (p < 0.01). The fALFF in the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) correlated positively with SOC scores, and negatively with depersonalization dimension of burnout (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SOC mediated the negative relationship between DLPFC activity and burnout severity (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggested that SOC alleviates burnout experience and supports prefrontal activity to prompt cognitive control; they may facilitate flexible shifting of perspective and optimistic reappraisal of work-stress. In effect, workplace-stressors may be acknowledged as being more meaningful than distressing. Without sufficient SOC, frequent exposures to stressors can lead to maladaptive coping to exhibit emotional numbing or depersonalization.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effects of acute stress on probabilistic reversal learning in healthy participants
Authors: Wieland L. , Ebrahimi C. , Katthagen T. , Panitz M. , Heinz A. , Sjoerds Z. , Schlagenhauf F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAltered reward-based learning and stress play an important role in psychiatric illnesses, such as psychosis or addiction. Stress sometimes increases learning from rewards, other times it does not show an effect (Starcke & Brand, 2016). A task addressing reward-based learning is the reversal learning task, which uses probabilistic rewards as feedback and incorporates sudden changes in reward contingencies. The effects of acute stress on reversal learning have rarely been addressed.ObjectivesHere, we investigated the effect of acute social stress in a within-subject design in healthy participants.MethodsA sample of n = 28 male non-clinical participants performed the task in a control condition versus the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a validated method to induce psychosocial stress. In our version of the reversal learning task (Reiter, 2016), participants choose between two anti-correlated stimuli in order to obtain rewards in three blocks. Reward contingencies remain stable for the first 55 trials and the last 35 trials. During the second block, in between the stable blocks, four changes of reward contingencies require participants to flexibly adapt their behavior. Performance was measured in correct responses, switches after losses and wins.ResultsCortisol and subjective stress responses showed that the stress induction was successful. Preliminary analyses showed no significant effect of stress induction on any of the performance measures.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that reversal learning, at least regarding overall performance measures in our task, is robust to stress-related changes. Modeling and fMRI analyses could yield further insights into more subtle changes after stress induction.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Bonds between body, face, and eyes reading
Authors: Böck K. , Romagnano V. , Kubon J. , Sokolov A. , Fallgatter A. , Pavlova M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCovering our faces with masks, due to COVID-19 pandemic safety regulations, we can no longer fully rely on the social signals we are used to. We have to read what’s between the lines. This is already difficult for healthy individuals, but may be particularly challenging for individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions.ObjectivesOur main goal was to examine (i) whether capabilities in body and face language reading are connected to each other in healthy females and males; and (ii) whether capabilities to body/face language reading are related to other social abilities.MethodsHealthy females and males accomplished a task with point-light body motion portraying angry and neutral locomotion along with a task with point-light faces expressing happiness and angriness. They had to infer emotional content of displays. As a control condition, perceivers were administered with the RMET-M (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Modified) with static images.ResultsFemales excelled on inferring emotions from body locomotion. Moreover, only in females, inferring emotions from body and face were firmly linked, whereas in males, face reading was connected to performance on the RMET-M.ConclusionsThe outcome points to gender-specific modes in social cognition: females rely upon merely dynamic cues in facial and bodily displays, whereas males most likely trust configural information. The findings are of value for investigation of face/body language reading in neuropsychiatric conditions, most of which are gender specific.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Research on neurophysiological and behavioral measures of attentional and inhibitory processes in adult young with ADHD
Authors: Carreiro L.R. , Osório A.A. , Teixeira M.C. , Machado-Pinheiro W. , Nascimento J. , Junior A. Afonso 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by harmful levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and occurs in 2.5% of adults.ObjectivesThis project will evaluate young adults with ADHD in computerized tasks that assess different forms of attention and inhibition, correlating them with self-report scales and physiological measurements (EMG and fNIRS) to identify impairments in specific cognitive domains.MethodsThe study will be conducted with two groups: one with ADHD - GClin and one control - CG, with 50 participants between 18 and 28 years each. Initially, participants will perform CPT-3 and respond to ASRS to be allocated to the CG or GClin, with validation by a specialist physician. After that, they will do the computerized inhibition (Stroop / Stop) temporal and spatial attention (voluntary and automatic) tests. In this phase the data will be collected using electromyographic measurements and recording of brain activity in areas of the prefrontal and temporal cortices through fNIRS. After the tests they will complete the impulsivity scales (BIS-11 and UPPS). The analyzes will comprise: (1) ANOVA of the means of TRs and the accuracy of the computerized tests; (2) Correlation analysis of RT, accuracy and ASRS scores; and (3) The fNIRS analysis will use the oxyhemoglobin signal, which will be analyzed individually.ResultsAs expected results there will be differences between CG or GClin in relation to impulsiveness, number of errors and brain activation.ConclusionsThe integration of physiological measurements, scales and tests will ensure integrated understanding of attentional and inhibitory processes impaired in ADHD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Boundaries between compulsive buying and hoarding regarding the obsessive-compulsive spectrum
Authors: Moreno L. , Magalhães M. , Mendes S. , Gamito A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIt has long been theorized that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) may share important characteristics, increasing the likelihood of the cooccurrence of these two psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, Hoarding Disorder (HD) were originally conceptualized to exist only within the context of OCD, despite hoarding symptoms presenting in less than 5% of OCD cases.ObjectivesThis study aims to provide an overview of impulsive-compulsive spectrum, regarding the similarities and differential diagnosis between compulsive buying and hoarding.MethodsThe authors performed a non-systematic literature review, using PubMed search terms “compulsive buying”, “hoarding” and “obsessive-compulsive spectrum”.ResultsObsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders are a group of similar psychiatric disorders characterized by repetitive thoughts, distressing emotions and compulsive behaviors. Compulsive buying is defined by a preoccupation with buying and shopping, by frequent buying episodes or overpowering urges to buy that are experienced as irresistible and senseless. These episodes are accompanied by relief and pleasure, but followed by remorse and guilt. A sub‐group compulsively hoard the items they have bought. Hoarding disorder is characterized by persistent difficulty discarding items regardless of value, urges to save items and distress associated with discarding, and the accumulation of possessions which compromise use of the home.ConclusionsEmpirical evidence suggests that both OCD and CBD display high levels of impulsivity and compulsivity. However, given the phenomenology, CB may not fit well in OCD related disorders. It may be also misleading to classify HD as part of OCD, since hoarding has the lowest specificity and predictive criteria for OCD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Comparative study of caregiver stress between patients of obsessive compulsive disorder and chronic medical illness, without any physical disability
Authors: Gupta G. , Nagendran S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition that affects the quality of life of both the patient and the caregivers. Similarly, in patients with physical medical illness, caregivers face a significant amount of stress.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess and compare the caregiver strain index between patients of OCD and medical illness. Moreover, this study will also compare the care giver strain index in the patients of OCD and physical medical illness depending on the severity and duration of the illness.MethodsStudy was done at Department of psychiatry, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad. In this Cross-sectional study 2 groups of caregivers were included. The group 1 included 30 caregivers of obsessive compulsive disorder patients and group 2 included 30 caregivers for physical medical illness. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used for measuring the severity of OCD and the stress in caregivers were drawn from Caregiver strain index.ResultsThis study reported a high objective burden among caregivers of OCD compared with the physical medical illness (P-value=0.002). The age of the caregivers also showed to be significantly associated with the stress in both the groups. The severity of the OCD was shown to be correlated well with the stress of the caregivers (P-value=0.032). In contrast, in physical medical illness the duration of the disease showed no significant association with the caregiver’s stress.ConclusionsThis study showed that in patients with OCD caregivers face a higher strain compared with the physical medical illness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Older portuguese and mexican adults and sexual well-being? A cross-cultural qualitative study
Authors: Humboldt S. Von , Mendoza-Ruvalcaba N. , Low G. , Leal I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA cross-cultural qualitative study about older portuguese and mexican adults and sexual well-being.ObjectivesSexual well-being (SWB) refers to the subjective emotional and cognitive evaluation of the quality of the individual&#39;s sexuality, it plays a relevant role in quality of life and health promotion on old age and has cross-cultural implications. The aim of this study is to analyse comparatively the perspectives of older adults on their SWB in Portugal and Mexico.MethodsData were collected from 86 Portuguese and 80 Mexican community-dwelling participants aged 65 years and older, using a semi-structured interview protocol. Older adults were inquired about their perceptions on what contributes to their sexual well-being. Socio-demographic data were also enquired. Content analysis was used to identify key themes.ResultsOutcomes indicated eight themes: eroticism, supportive relationship, positive self-concept, health and self-care, romance, active life, tenderness and care, and no pain and no pregnancy restrictions, for both samples. Eroticism was the most frequent theme reported by Portuguese participants (31.4%) and health and self-care were the most frequent theme reported by Mexican participants (26.5%).ConclusionsThe empirical results of this study indicated that SWB is strongly influenced by socio-cultural and psychosocial values. This cross-cultural comparison between Portugal and Mexico contributes to understand this concept in old age with different perspectives and place a scenario for future culture-adapted interventions and comprehensive policies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Frailty index as a clinical measure of biological age in psychiatry
Authors: Bersani F.S. 
Published: February 2022

The concepts of “accelerated biological ageing” and “premature biological senescence” have been receiving increasing attention in relation to psychiatric diseases, with clinical, epidemiological and molecular observations suggesting that psychopathological processes can have significant relationships with aging-related phenomena. The deficit accumulation model postulates that the individual’s biological age and functional status is related to the amount of health deficits accumulated over time and that one’s biological age can be estimated by summarizing health deficits in a single continuous variable, the so-called “frailty index” (FI). In this presentation it will be discussed the possibility that the FI, which condenses information arising from multidimensional evaluations, represents a potential clinically-useful macroscopic indicator of biological age which can add relevant information to the measurements currently implemented in the study of accelerated biological age in psychiatric diseases.DisclosureNo significant relationships.