bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised physiological noise correction of functional magnetic resonance imaging data using phase and magnitude information (PREPAIR)
Authors: Bancelin David , Bachrata Beata , Bollmann Saskia , de Lima Cardoso Pedro , Szomolanyi Pavol , Trattnig Siegfried , Robinson Simon Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOf the sources of noise affecting blood oxygen level‐dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), respiration and cardiac fluctuations are responsible for the largest part of the variance, particularly at high and ultrahigh field. Existing approaches to removing physiological noise either use external recordings, which can be unwieldy and unreliable, or attempt to identify physiological noise from the magnitude fMRI data. Data‐driven approaches are limited by sensitivity, temporal aliasing, and the need for user interaction. In the light of the sensitivity of the phase of the MR signal to local changes in the field stemming from physiological processes, we have developed an unsupervised physiological noise correction method using the information carried in the phase and the magnitude of echo‐planar imaging data. Our technique, Physiological Regressor Estimation from Phase and mAgnItude, sub‐tR (PREPAIR) derives time series signals sampled at the slice TR from both phase and magnitude images. It allows physiological noise to be captured without aliasing, and efficiently removes other sources of signal fluctuations not related to physiology, prior to regressor estimation. We demonstrate that the physiological signal time courses identified with PREPAIR agree well with those from external devices and retrieve challenging cardiac dynamics. The removal of physiological noise was as effective as that achieved with the most used approach based on external recordings, RETROICOR. In comparison with widely used recording‐free physiological noise correction tools—PESTICA and FIX, both performed in unsupervised mode—PREPAIR removed significantly more respiratory and cardiac noise than PESTICA, and achieved a larger increase in temporal signal‐to‐noise‐ratio at both 3 and 7 T.
Resolving streamflow diel fluctuations in a small agricultural catchment with an integrated surface‐subsurface hydrological model
Authors: la Cecilia Daniele , Camporese Matteo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring dry periods, stream discharge in vegetated catchments can naturally fluctuate up to 10% daily. Despite intensive efforts put in observing and interpreting diel fluctuations of stream discharge across a range of instrumented natural catchments worldwide, the capability of state‐of‐the‐art hydrological models to reproduce and explain such processes has rarely been tested. Here, we used CATHY, a physics‐based integrated surface‐subsurface hydrological model (ISSHM), to simulate the stream discharge in a small tile‐drained agricultural catchment in Switzerland, where streamflow diel fluctuations appeared in dry periods. The model was able to satisfactorily reproduce the measured stream discharge, including the observed diel fluctuations. Next, we designed and simulated a series of modelling scenarios aimed to disentangle the processes contributing to the diel fluctuations in stream discharge. These scenarios revealed the predominant role of evapotranspiration (ET) in the establishment of diel fluctuations in stream discharge. Irrigation sustained the baseflow in dry periods and caused short‐living streamflow peaks, which did not directly cause, but superposed to, diel patterns. Vegetation rooting depths and response to oxygen stress in the root zone slightly affected the amplitude of the streamflow diel fluctuations, while changes in the saturated hydraulic conductivity driven by diel soil temperature fluctuations caused an amplitude of the streamflow diel signal 10 times smaller compared to the one caused by ET. Our study demonstrates that ISSHMs such as CATHY can provide high‐fidelity spatially‐distributed dynamic simulations of evapotranspiration and irrigation fluxes, as well as soil moisture and groundwater flows, enhancing our understanding of the role of these hydrological processes during dry periods and thus making these models useful tools for a more sustainable management of agricultural catchments.
A novel low‐energy approach to leucoxene concentrate desiliconization by ammonium bifluoride solutions
Authors: Smorokov Andrey , Kantaev Alexandr , Bryankin Daniil , Miklashevich Anna , Kamarou Maksim , Romanovski Valentin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the large reserves of titanium ores, their treatment by basic approaches to obtain titanium products is not always economically feasible due to various factors. One of these problems is the high content of silicon in the ores.RESULTSThe paper considers the desiliconization of a leucoxene concentrate with an aqueous solution of ammonium bifluoride. It was found that at 80 °C the main impurities, such as silicon and iron, pass into solution in the form of corresponding ammonium–fluorine complex compounds.CONCLUSIONSThe degree of desiliconization was up to 99%. Aluminium reacts with ammonium bifluoride, but is almost not leached into solution due to its low solubility. Titanium does not react due to its relatively higher reaction Gibbs energy among other metals in reaction with ammonium bifluoride. The content of titanium oxide in the calcined leaching residue was 85.52 wt%. The resulting residue corresponds to the raw material used in industry for the production of titanium dioxide pigment or titanium metal by the chlorine method. Iron and silicon can be precipitated from the leaching solution. Furthermore, the resulting filtrate can be evaporated in order to regenerate and reuse ammonium bifluoride. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Inverted repeats in the monkeypox virus genome are hot spots for mutation
Authors: Dobrovolná Michaela , Brázda Václav , Warner Emily F. , Bidula Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current monkeypox virus (MPXV) strain differs from the strain arising in 2018 by 50+ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and is mutating much faster than expected. The cytidine deaminase apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic subunit B (APOBEC3) was hypothesized to be driving this increased mutation. APOBEC has recently been identified to preferentially mutate cruciform DNA secondary structures formed by inverted repeats (IRs). IRs were recently identified as hot spots for mutation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and we aimed to identify whether IRs were also hot spots for mutation within MPXV genomes. We found that MPXV genomes were replete with IR sequences. Of the 50+ SNPs identified in the 2022 outbreak strain, 63.9% of these were found to have arisen within IR regions in the 2018 reference strain (MT903344.1). Notably, IR sequences found in the 2018 reference strain were significantly lost over time, with an average of 32.5% of these sequences being conserved in the 2022 MPXV genomes. This evidence was highly indicative that mutations were arising within IRs. This data provides further support to the hypothesis that APOBEC may be driving MPXV mutation and highlights the necessity for greater surveillance of IRs of MPXV genomes to detect new mutations.
About the Influence of (Non‐)Solvents on the Ring Expansion Polymerization of l‐Lactide and the Formation of Extended Ring Crystals
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. , Meyer Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRing‐expansion polymerizations (REPs) catalyzed by two cyclic tin catalysts (2‐stanna‐1.3‐dioxa‐4,5,6,7‐dibenzazepine [SnBiph] and 2,2‐dibutyl‐2‐stanna‐1,3‐dithiolane [DSTL]) are performed at 140 °C in bulk. Small amounts (4 vol%) of chlorobenzene or other solvents are added to facilitate transesterification reactions (ring–ring equilibration) in the solid poly(l‐lactide)s. In the mass range up to m/z 13 000 crystalline PLAs displaying a so‐called saw‐tooth pattern in the MALDI‐TOF mass spectra are obtained indicating the formation of extended‐ring crystals. The characteristics of extended‐ring crystallites and folded‐ring crystallites are discussed. Furthermore, extremely high melting temperatures (Tm's up to 201.2 °C) and melting enthalpies (ΔHm's up to 106 J g−1)) are found confirming that ΔHmmax, the ΔHm of a perfect crystal, is around or above 115 J g−1 in contrast to literature data.
Design of a hybrid frequency selective rasorber with wide band absorption performance for C, X, and K bands
Authors: Yin Jiao , Jia Yuxin , Guo Chaozong , Zhai Huiqing , Liu Changyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHybrid frequency selective rasorber (FSRs) composed of hybrid lossy layers and bandpass frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are proposed in this study, which works as an absorber with absorption bands of 3.34–11.95 GHz and 17.44–24.29 GHz providing the fractional bandwidths of 112% and 33% while reserving a transparent window from 13.75 to 15.32 GHz. The proposed FSR is designed by stacking a hybrid lossy layer and band‐pass FSS. One of the lossy layers is composed of a λ/4 transmission line resonator in the middle of the lumped resistors' loaded bent dipole, which realizes an absorption‐transmission (A–T) frequency response, and the other is constructed by four stripe‐type parallel inductor and capacitor resonators connected to a lumped resistors' loaded circular ring, which realizes T–A frequency response. The bandpass FSS is a three‐tier structure in which the top and the bottom layers are composed of periodical circle patches and the middle layer is composed of circle slots. To explicate the working mechanism of the hybrid FSR, an equivalent circuit model is established, meanwhile, the surface current loss is analyzed. A fabricated prototype of the proposed FSR is assembled and measured to test the simulated frequency response.
Effects of exercise interventions on physical and psychological outcomes in frail older adults: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Lyu Qiong , Kong Ling‐Na , Hu Ping , Liu Dun‐Xiu , Zeng Lin , Wang Wen‐Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo systematically summarize the existing evidence regarding the effects of exercise interventions on physical and psychological outcomes in frail older adults and appraise the quality and strength of the evidence.DesignAn overview protocol.MethodsA literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be conducted to identify relevant systematic reviews with or without meta‐analysis on exercise interventions for frail older adults. Two independent reviewers will select articles, extract data and appraise the quality of included reviews. Physical and psychological outcomes will be synthesized using narrative summaries. The methodological quality of included reviews and the quality of evidence will also be assessed.ResultsThis overview will present the evidence on the effects of exercise interventions on physical and psychological outcomes for frail older adults, contributing to the implementation of exercise interventions to improve health outcomes for this population.
Load frequency predictive control for power systems concerning wind turbine and communication delay
Authors: Tang Xiaoming , Wu Yun , Li Yu , Wen Yiyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article addresses a model predictive control (MPC) technique for load frequency control (LFC) system in the presence of wind power, communication delay, and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack. In this article, communication delay is incorporated into a single area control error transmission for simplicity, wind power and load disturbance are regarded as Lipschitz nonlinear terms, as for the randomly occurring DoS attack, it is modeled as Bernoulli processes with known conditional probability. Thinking all these adverse factors to stability and the limitation of input constraint synthetically, the stability of LFC system can be guaranteed by delay‐dependent Lyapunov function lemma and a state feedback MPC controller is designed to solve the LFC problems by minimizing the infinite‐horizon objective function. Although some scholars have studied the performance degradation and instability of LFC system caused by cyber attack and/or communication delay and some very nice results have been addressed, limited works have considered the MPC approach to deal with both the problems of cyber attack and communication delay which explicitly considers the physical constraints. In addition, the delay‐dependent Lyapunov function is adopted to deal with the problem of communication delay, which results in less conservatism of the presented method. Finally, the optimization problem with input constraint is solved and proven to be recursive feasibility, and the closed‐loop system turns out to be stable. The reasonability and validity of the provided strategy is verified through several groups of simulation experiments. It illustrates that the proposed control method can keep the system frequency steady in the standard range in spite of various attack conditions.
A review of pregnancy and lactation postmarketing studies required by the FDA
Authors: Krastein Jason , Sahin Leyla , Yao Lynne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince pregnant and lactating women have historically been excluded from drug development trials, safety studies need to be conducted postapproval. This study evaluated FDA's Post Marketing Requirements for pregnancy and lactation studies from 2007 to 2020, and identified trends and potential future opportunities. The number of studies required to be conducted in the postmarketing setting was compared with the number of new drugs approved during the same time period. We excluded drugs that were approved for use in men, children, or postmenopausal women. Since 2007, there has been an increase in pregnancy and lactation studies required to be conducted postapproval. However, only 16% of drugs that may be used in females of reproductive potential were issued a postmarketing requirement for a pregnancy and/or lactation study. The most common type of required pregnancy safety study was a pregnancy registry (37%), followed by a descriptive pregnancy safety study (27%), and a retrospective cohort study (26%). In conclusion, there is a need for more comprehensive data collection in pregnant and lactating individuals to better inform prescribers and patients about the safety of medication use during pregnancy and lactation so that they can make a fully informed decision about medication use.
Investigating drug safety in pregnancy based on the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD): A proof‐of‐concept analysis on the association between valproate and spina bifida
Authors: Haug Ulrike , Kollhorst Bianca , Schink Tania , Thöne Kathrin , Dathe Katarina , Schaefer Christof , Onken Marlies 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeLarge health‐care databases are increasingly used for research on drug utilization and safety in pregnancy. For the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD), covering ~20% of the German population, algorithms have been developed to identify pregnancies, to estimate their date of onset and to link mothers to their babies. Using this methodology, we aimed to conduct a proof‐of‐concept analysis on the known association between valproate (VPA) exposure in early pregnancy and spina bifida in the exposed child.MethodsWe identified all pregnancies in GePaRD between 2006 and 2016 in women aged 12 to 50 years. To each VPA dispensation of these women, an exposure period was assigned, based on the dispensation date and the number of defined daily doses in the dispensed package. A pregnancy was classified as exposed to VPA in the critical time window if this exposure period overlapped with the first 55 days of pregnancy. Risk ratios were calculated for spina bifida in live births and induced abortions comparing VPA‐exposed ones to all pregnancies.ResultsOverall, we identified 1 271 384 pregnancies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Of these, 668 pregnancies (0.053%) were classified as exposed to VPA in the critical time window regarding spina bifida. An induced abortion accompanied by a diagnosis of spina bifida was observed in one of the VPA‐exposed pregnancies (0.15%) and in 154 of all pregnancies (0.012%), yielding a risk ratio of 12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–88.2). Out of 775 875 pregnancies ending in a live birth, 366 (0.047%) were classified as VPA exposed. A diagnosis of spina bifida was coded in 3 of 366 VPA‐exposed live births (0.82%) and in 260 of all live births (0.03%), yielding a relative risk of 24.5 (95% CI: 7.9–76.0).ConclusionsOur proof‐of‐concept analysis based on GePaRD showed a strong association between intrauterine exposure to VPA and occurrence of spina bifida. The results are plausible and consistent with the literature, supporting the suitability of GePaRD and the developed algorithms to conduct studies on drug safety in pregnancy.
Treatment of persistent methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and presumed osteomyelitis with oxacillin and ertapenem in a premature neonate
Authors: Hitchins Margaret , O'Mara Keliana , Edwards Laura , Bouchard Jeannette 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeonatal sepsis remains a high cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) can cause persistent bloodstream infections and invasive disease in neonates. We report the first published case of persistent MSSA bacteremia in a preterm neonate successfully treated with oxacillin and ertapenem combination therapy.
Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide on Pasting, Rheology, and In Vitro Digestibility of Starch
Authors: Jia Shuyu , Tao Haiteng , Zhao Haibo , Yu Bin , Wu Zhengzong , Liu Pengfei , Cui Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is widely used in functional foods, but it is rarely used in starchy foods. This study aims to evaluate the effects of LBP on the pasting, rheological, textural properties, and digestibility of different types of starch (wheat starch (WS), sweet potato starch (SPS), and pea starch (PS)). Results show that LBP increases the pasting characteristics of PS but shows decreasing and no influence on these characteristics in WS and SPS, respectively. The apparent viscosity of SPS paste decreases with the increase in the LBP content. LBP reduces the hardness, adhesion, and chewiness of PS gels, as also evidenced by the alterations in the microstructure. The results of FT‐IR and X‐ray diffraction indicate that LBP promotes the formation of ordered structures within retrograded starch. LBP increases the slowly digested starch and resistant starch content, implying that LBP decreases the digestibility of starches. The changes in the physicochemical properties of starches depend on the interactions between starch and LBP.
A tale of two saddles
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Engelhardt Netta , Fischetti Sebastian , Hernández-Cuenca Sergio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We find a new on-shell replica wormhole in a computation of the generating functional of JT gravity coupled to matter. We show that this saddle has lower action than the disconnected one, and that it is stable under restriction to real Lorentzian sections, but can be unstable otherwise. The behavior of the classical generating functional thus may be strongly dependent on the signature of allowed perturbations. As part of our analysis, we give an LM-style construction for computing the on-shell action of replicated manifolds even as the number of boundaries approaches zero, including a type of one-step replica symmetry breaking that is necessary to capture the contribution of the new saddle. Our results are robust against quantum corrections; in fact, we find evidence that such corrections may sometimes stabilize this new saddle.
Monopole deformations of 3d Seiberg-like dualities with adjoint matters
Authors: Hwang Chiung , Kim Sungjoon , Park Jaemo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose new 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Seiberg-like dualities by considering various monopole superpotential deformations on 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 U(Nc) SQCDs with fundamental and adjoint matter fields. We provide nontrivial evidence of these new dualities by comparing the superconformal indices, from which we analyze the change of the moduli space due to the monopole deformation. In addition, we perform the F-maximization to check the relevance of the monopole deformation for some examples, one of which is found to exhibit nontrivial symmetry enhancement in the IR. We prove such enhancement of the global symmetry using the superconformal index.
Causality constraints on nonlinear supersymmetry
Authors: Bonnefoy Quentin , Casagrande Gabriele , Dudas Emilian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is well-known that gravitino propagation in standard supergravities is free of any causality problems. However, two issues related to gravitino propagation were recently uncovered in specific supergravities with nonlinear supersymmetry. One of them concerns potential acausality/superluminality, whereas the second one arises from the vanishing of the sound speed at specific points during inflation. The former is famously related to positivity constraints on specific EFT operators, derived from dispersion relations on the energy-growing part of scattering amplitudes, and indeed we show that subluminality constraints for the gravitino are related via the equivalence theorem to positivity bounds in low-energy goldstino actions. However, the former are stronger, in the sense that they apply to functions of the scalar fields not only in the ground state, but for any field values such as those scanned by time-dependent solutions, unlike bounds derived from 2 → 2 scattering amplitudes in the vacuum. We also argue that nontrivial causality constraints arise only in the case where nonlinear supersymmetry in the matter sector is encoded into superfield constraints which do not seem to arise from microscopic two-derivative lagrangians, in particular for the orthogonal constraint used to build minimal models of inflation in supergravity. This allows us to propose simple alternatives which maintain the minimality of the spectra and are causal in all points of the theory parameter space. We also discuss minimal supergravity models of inflation along these lines.
Monopole-fermion scattering and varying Fock space
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Kitahara Teppei , Sato Yoshiki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose a four-dimensional interpretation of the outgoing state of the scattering of a massless fermion off a Dirac monopole. It has been known that such a state has fractional fermion numbers and is necessarily outside the Fock space on top of ordinary perturbative vacuum, when more than two flavours of charged Dirac fermions are considered. In this paper, we point out that the Fock space of the fermions depends on the rotor degree of freedom of the monopole and changes by a monopole-fermion s-wave scattering. By uplifting the fermion-rotor system introduced by Polchinski, from two to four dimensions, we argue that the outgoing state can be understood as a state in a different Fock space.
Power sum polynomials and the ghosts behind them
Authors: Della Vedova Marco L. , Pagani Silvia M. C. , Pianta Silvia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe power sum polynomial associated to a multi-subset of the projective plane$$\text {PG}(2,q)$$PG(2,q)is the sum of the$$(q-1)$$(q-1)-th powers of the Rédei factors of the points in the multi-subset. The classification of multi-subsets having the same power sum polynomial passes through the determination of those multi-subsets associated to the zero polynomial, called ghosts. In this paper we provide new classes of ghosts and compute the dimension of the ghost subspace by exploiting the linear code generated by the lines of$$\text {PG}(2,q)$$PG(2,q)and its dual. Moreover, we explicitly enumerate and classify ghosts for planes of order 2, 3, 4.