bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Screening and Operative Treatment
Authors: Cairns Ashley , Jones V. Morgan , Cronin Kelly , Yocobozzi Margaret , Howard Clifford , Lesko Nadja , Chiba Akiko , Howard-McNatt Marissa 
Published: April 2022

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many areas of health care and had a significant impact on care delivery, including breast cancer. Methods To better understand the changes to detection and treatment of breast cancer at our institution, we analyzed mammogram rates (screening and diagnostic) and breast cancer operations in 2019-2020. Mammography rates were calculated using county level census data for eligible women (Z-test). For breast cancer staging, a stage severity score was analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U-test (two-tail, P < .05) with proportions derived from WFBH operative volume quarterly reports. Results: Data revealed a relative decline from 2019 to 2020 in breast cancer screening. Screening mammograms decreased by 44% or 1558 fewer screening mammograms (Z = 4.75, P < .00001) and by 21% or 771 fewer for diagnostic mammograms (Z = 2.16, P = .03). With regards to breast cancer operations, we did not identify a statistically significant difference in number of new breast cancer operations at WFBH with 340 cases in 2020 as compared to 384 cases in 2019 ( P = .9905). We compared a breast cancer severity score (weighted by stage at time of operation), which did not reveal statistically significant difference in clinical stage of breast cancer at time of operation ( P = .71, U = 28). Conclusion Mammography was impacted more than breast surgery cases by the COVID-19 pandemic. More data needs to be collected to evaluate future morbidity and mortality related to breast cancer operations and persistent disparities related to delay in breast cancer care due to COVID-19.
Effects of high-dose versus low-dose proton pump inhibitors for treatment of gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhu Wei , Chen Liang , Zhang Jian , Wang Pei 
Published: April 2022

Background We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of high-dose (80 mg/day) versus low-dose (40 mg/day) proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding. Methods We retrieved studies of randomized controlled trials of PPIs administered according to different schedules for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding from Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and the Cochrane Database in April 2020. Results Nine randomized controlled trials including 2329 patients were included in this meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in the incidences of re-bleeding, operation intervention, postoperative mortality, and length of hospital stay between the low-dose and high-dose groups. However, the blood transfusion volume was significantly higher in the high-dose group. Conclusion Compared with low-does PPIs, high-dose PPIs had no effect on the incidence of re-bleeding, operation intervention, or postoperative mortality, and did not reduce hospital stay in patients treated with endoscopic hemostasis for gastrointestinal bleeding.
Effect of Nutrition Interventions Before and/or During Early Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kuma Melesse Niguse , Tamiru Dessalegn , Beressa Girma , Belachew Tefera 
Published: April 2022

Background: This review aimed at synthesizing evidence on the effectiveness of nutritional interventions that were carried out before and/or during early pregnancy versus the control groups on reducing the risk of low weight at birth in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We have searched on MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, HINARI, and Cochrane Library of systematic review databases for published articles in English language from 2010 to 2021 years. For unpublished studies, we searched on Google scholar. Randomized controlled trial studies of nutritional interventions carried out before/or during early pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa to improve low birth weight were considered. The data were extracted and pooled using the Joanna Briggs Institute software. The effect size was calculated using fixed-effect models. Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the relative risk with their respective 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed using the standard chi-square and I 2 tests. Results: Seven studies were included in the review with a total of 5934 participants. Three types of nutritional interventions were identified: iron supplementations, lipid-based supplementations, and nutritional education and counseling. We have identified only one intervention started during preconception. The meta-analysis showed that none of the identified nutrition interventions had a statistically significant effect on low birth weight. Conclusions: Based on the review evidence, nutritional interventions before and/or during early pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa had no significant effect on low birth weight. However, since our evidence was derived from a small number of trials and participants, a large-scale randomized controlled trials review might be required to elucidate the finding.
Moderating Role of Physical Fitness in the Association Between TV Time and Adiposity Parameters in Adolescents
Authors: da Costa Náthalie , Silveira João F. de C. , Schneiders Letícia de B. , Sehn Ana P. , Reuter Éboni M. , Hobkirk James P. , Carroll Sean , Reuter Cézane P. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To identify whether physical fitness (PF) components play a moderating role in the relationship between TV time and adiposity levels. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Few studies have examined if different PF levels modify the association between TV time and adiposity in adolescents. Studies often focus on the isolated relationships between obesity and TV time, or obesity and PF levels. Subjects 1071 adolescents (617 girls), aged 12 to 17 years. Measures Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), abdominal muscular endurance, and lower limb strength were evaluated using the protocols of the Projeto Esporte Brasil fitness testing battery. TV time was obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were also assessed. Moderation analyses were conducted through multiple linear regression models with the following associations tested in different models: PF components, TV time, and interaction (PF component x TV time) with adiposity parameters (BMI and WC); Results A significant interaction term was found for CRF and TV time in the association with both WC (β: −.005; 95% CI: −.009; −.001; P = .012) and BMI (β: −.002; 95% CI: −.004; −.001; P = .009). Conclusion CRF moderates the relationship between TV time and adiposity measures in this cross-sectional analysis. These data support strategies looking at increasing physical activity levels to improve CRF and avoid the development of excess abdominal obesity and excess weight.
Off-Label Use of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in a Premature Infant With Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Nascimento Allan da S. , Passaro Marcos F. , Silva Priscilla S. de S. , Rodriguez Sérgio F. , Martins Marilene K. , Oliveira Stefane Cristina P. , Moriel Patricia , Visacri Marília B. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a major public health threat. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) provides a new option for treating infections caused by most beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in infants older than three months. However, treatment options are extremely limited, with no safety data available for preterm neonates. Here, we describe our experience regarding the safety and efficacy of off-label use of CAZ-AVI in a NICU in Brazil. Summary: We report a case of a premature infant (born at 29 weeks gestational age) treated with CAZ-AVI due to a bloodstream infection caused by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: Treatment with CAZ-AVI was safe and effective in our patient.
Tips to optimize digital education in ophthalmology: Results from ESASO survey
Authors: Ferrara Mariantonia , Romano Vito , Iovino Claudio , Kadhim Mustafa R , van Dijk Elon HC , Boon Camiel JF , Grassi Piergiacomo , Demirel Sibel , Cartes Cristian , Romano Mario R , Agarwal Aniruddha , Aiello Francesco , Amed Aseef , Amoroso Francesca , Angi Martina , Au Adrian , Bali Ernesto , Chandra Aman , Cennamo Gilda , Cennamo Michela , Coassin Marco , Di Zazzo Antonio , Coco Giulia , D'Alterio Francesco Maria , Del Turco Claudia , La Spina Carlo , Dell'Omo Roberto , Napolitano Pasquale , Fiore Tito , Govetto Andrea , Malachkova Nataliia , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Matarazzo Francesco , McGowan Gerard , Reibaldi Michele , Rejdak Robert , Reyes-Delfino Catherine Dianne , Rocha-de-Lossada Carlos , Romano Davide , Romano Francesca , Rombetto Luca , Rossi Tommaso , Scorcia Vincenzo , Steel David , Toro Mario , Valldeperas Xavier , Vallejo-Garcia Jose L , Vavvas Demetrios , Vaiano Agostino S , Zur Dinah 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To identify audience and faculty preferences to optimize digital education sessions in ophthalmology. Methods We distributed an online survey to ophthalmology trainees and specialists worldwide. The survey investigated respondents’ preferences on various findings of hypothetical digital educational sessions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact probability and ANOVA tests. Results The survey was completed by 655 respondents, from 53 different countries. According to most respondents, the optimal duration and timeframe for a valuable digital education session would be 30–60 min, without a break (52%), in the evening time-slot (6-8 p.m.) (45%) of a weekday (Monday-Thursday) (46%), regardless of age ( p-value = 0.84, 0.39, 0.89, respectively) and job position ( p-value = 0.31, 0.29, 0.08, respectively). The availability of webinars and recorded surgical videos/clinical cases, associated with live discussion, represented the most important opportunity of digital educational channels for 46% and 42% of respondents, respectively. Conclusion Appropriate planning of timing and structure of digital educational ophthalmology sessions may optimize their effectiveness. Using multiple e-learning formats may be helpful to ensure the continuity of learning activities, also in view of a long-term replacement of traditional in-person education.
Platelet-rich plasma and macular hole surgery: A clue to their mode of action and the influence of anti-platelet agents
Authors: D’Alterio Francesco Maria , Ferrara Mariantonia , Bagnall Alan , Talks Kate L , Hillier Roxane J 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To present a case of refractory full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), in which autologous platelet-rich plasma (aPRP) was used on two consecutive occasions, and associated with successful closure only after complete cessation of anti-platelet therapy. Methods Interventional case report. Results A 63-year-old male with Alport syndrome underwent pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and gas for a large FTMH. The patient was on systemic anti-platelet agents for coronary disease. Post-operatively, the FTMH remained open and repeated surgery, augmented with aPRP, was performed. Although a thick pre-retinal coagulum was evident on optical coherence tomography on day one post-surgery, the second surgery failed. Ultimately, successful aPRP-augmented surgical closure of the FTMH was achieved only after complete cessation of systemic anti-platelet agents. Conclusion Appropriate management of anti-platelet therapy may be relevant when planning aPRP use, though further large-scale studies are needed to assess the precise effect of anti-platelet therapy on the efficacy of aPRP, and to confirm the potential role of aPRP in patients with Alport syndrome.
Associations between children’s diagnosed mental disorders and educational achievements in Sweden
Authors: Bortes Cristian , Nilsson Karina , Strandh Mattias 
Published: April 2022

Aims: To examine associations between multiple clinically diagnosed mental disorders among children in Sweden and educational achievements at the end of ninth grade. Methods: Data from Swedish administrative registers were utilised. Diagnoses of specific mental disorders (unipolar depression, mood, anxiety, obsessive compulsive, eating, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were used as exposure variables. Educational achievements were assessed in terms of teacher-assigned school grades and eligibility for upper secondary education. The sample comprised 266,664 individuals (49% females) born in 2000 to 2002 who were alive and resident in Sweden in 2017. Exposed and unexposed individuals were compared in terms of outcome variables by fitting linear and logistic regression models. Results: The results revealed negative associations between all the examined mental disorders and educational achievements, except for positive associations between eating disorders and grades among female students. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most strongly associated disorder in terms of non-successful completion of compulsory education, among both male and female students (odds ratio (OR): 3.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.42 to 3.74) and 4.31 (95% CI, 4.07 to 4.57), respectively). This was followed by unipolar depression among males (OR: 2.92 (95% CI, 2.60 to 3.28)) and anxiety disorder among females (OR: 2.68 (95% CI, 2.49 to 2.88)). Obsessive compulsive disorder had the weakest negative association with educational achievements among both males (OR: 1.48 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.17)) and females (OR: 1.38 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.72)). Conclusions: Specific diagnosed mental disorders have varying, largely disadvantageous, associations with educational achievements of students in Sweden that differ between males and females.
Implementation of a 2-for-1 Price Incentive for Fruits and Vegetables in a Grocery Retail Setting
Authors: Franckle R. L. , Boulos R. J. , Thorndike A. N. , Moran A. J. , Khandpur N. , Blue D. , Greene J. , Block J. P. , Rimm E. B. , Polacsek M. 
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose There is growing interest in expanding healthy eating interventions in the retail setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a successful 2-for-1 price incentive for fruits and vegetables (F&V), including frozen and canned, that took place in partnership with a large chain grocery retailer in Maine. Intervention Approach. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) pilot study was conducted in 2015–2016, followed by a larger RCT in 2016–2017, to assess whether a supermarket double-dollar F&V incentive increased purchases of these items. Evaluation Methods A convergent, parallel mixed-methods design was used to examine barriers and facilitators to implementing the interventions, using six implementation outcomes: acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, implementation fidelity, and perceived cost. Results The intervention was deemed highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible by shoppers, retailers, and researchers. The F&V discount had a high rate of initial adoption. There was a moderate degree of fidelity, which improved over time based on lessons learned from the pilot and applied to the subsequent RCT. Specific costs associated with implementation from the research perspective are reported. Implications for Practice, Policy, and Research. Partnerships between academic researchers and retailers can be an effective model for improving healthful purchases among shoppers. These findings are relevant for investigators, public health advocates, and retailers interested in implementing similar grocery retail-based interventions.
Induction of Erythrocyte Membrane Blebbing by Methotrexate-Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Sattar Tayyba , Jilani Kashif , Parveen Khalida , Mushtaq Zahid , Nawaz Haq , Khan Maham Abdul Bari 
Published: April 2022

Methotrexate (MTX) is a common chemotherapeutical agent and folate antagonist with reported apoptotic activity in nucleated cells. The presented research work was planned to investigate the eryptotic effects of methotrexate after the exposure of erythrocytes to therapeutical doses (10–15 μM) of methotrexate. Eryptosis and the role of calcium in the stimulation of membrane blebbing were evaluated through the determination of mean cell volume. Oxidative stress induced by methotrexate (10–15 μM) was determined by antioxidative enzyme activities. Cytotoxic activity against human erythrocytes was examined through hemolysis assay. Exposure of erythrocytes to methotrexate results in significant reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities at 10 and 15 μM in comparison to the untreated cells. Erythrocytes mean cell volume (MCV) was increased after 48 hours exposure of erythrocytes to methotrexate (10 μM). Significantly increased hemolysis percentage was observed at 10 μM after 48 hours incubation of erythrocytes with methotrexate. The results of the study suggested that the therapeutical doses (10–15 μM) of methotrexate may lead to increase in eryptotic and hemolytic activity of erythrocytes through free radical generation and subsequent calcium entry.
Xpert® bladder cancer detection as a diagnostic tool in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: preliminary results
Authors: D’Elia Carolina , Trenti Emanuela , Krause Philipp , Pycha Alexander , Mian Christine , Schwienbacher Christine , Hanspeter Esther , Kafka Mona , Palermo Margherita , Spedicato Giorgio Alfredo , Holl Stefanie , Pycha Armin 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents about 5–10% of all urothelial malignancies with an increasing incidence. The standard diagnostic tools for the detection of UTUC are cytology, computed tomography (CT) urography, and ureterorenoscopy (URS). No biomarker to be included in the daily clinical practice has yet been identified. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential role of Xpert® Bladder-Cancer (BC)-Detection in the diagnosis of UTUC. Methods: Eighty-two patients underwent 111 URS with Xpert® BC-Detection, cytology, or Urovysion® analysis of UT for suspicion of UTUC. Twenty-four cases were excluded from the analysis due to a non-diagnostic Xpert® BC-Detection, cytology, or Urovysion®. Samples were analyzed with upper tract (UT) urinary cytology, with Xpert® BC-Detection on UT urines, and with Urovysion® Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test. After urine collection, the patients underwent retrograde pyelography and/or URS, and if positive a UT biopsy. The Xpert® BC-Detection was reported by the software as negative or positive [cut-off total Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) = 0.45]. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of cytology, Xpert® BC-Detection and Urovysion-FISH were calculated using URS and/or histology results as reference. Results: In all, 27 (31%) of 87 URS resulted positive, with 20 low-grade (LG) and 7 high-grade (HG) tumors. Overall sensitivity was 51.9% for cytology, 100% for Xpert® BC-Detection, and 92.6% for Urovysion. The sensitivity of cytology increased from 26% in LG to 100% in HG tumors. For Xpert® BC-Detection, sensitivity was 100% both in LG and in HG, and for Urovysion-FISH, it increased from 90% in LG to 100% in HG tumors. PPV was 82.4% for cytology, 35% for Xpert® BC-Detection, and 73.5% for Urovysion. NPV was 81.4% for cytology, 100% for Xpert® BC-Detection, and 96.2% for Urovysion. Conclusion: The excellent NPV of Xpert® BC-Detection allows to avoid unnecessary endoscopic exploration of the UT, reducing invasiveness and URS complications in the follow-up of UTUC.
Primary prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma in elderly with obstructive uropathy: a case report
Authors: Sidhu Simran Kaur , Mohd Sharin Mohamad Fairuz , Mohd Ghani Khairul Asri , Mohd Zainuddin Saiful Azli , Azizan Nornazirah , Hayati Firdaus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the prostate is a rare and aggressive subtype of prostate adenocarcinoma with a poor prognosis, with only approximately 60 cases reported worldwide.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old man presented with acute urinary retention and hematuria, after a year’s history of lower urinary tract symptoms. Digital rectal examination revealed an irregular and hard prostate. Flexible cystoscopy showed bladder base infiltration by the enlarged prostate obscuring both ureteric orifices, necessitating nephrostomy and subsequent bilateral antegrade stenting to relieve the obstruction and improve his renal function. Transrectal ultrasonography biopsy of the prostate was performed revealing histological features of SRCC. Due to its rarity, there is currently no standardized treatment approach and it is often similarly treated according to the traditional management of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions
SRCC of the prostate is a rare and aggressive subtype of acinar adenocarcinoma with no established guidelines. Histological criteria for SRCC of the prostate are highly variable in the available literature. It is important to differentiate between the primary and metastatic SRCC of the prostate as both are managed differently. However, the overall prognosis remains poor in general.
A novel distribution of supergene genotypes is present in the socially polymorphic ant Formica neoclara
Authors: McGuire Darin , Sankovitz Madison , Purcell Jessica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Supergenes are chromosomal regions with tightly linked clusters of alleles that control compound phenotypic traits. Supergenes have been demonstrated to contribute to the maintenance of polymorphisms within populations in traits as diverse as mimetic wing coloration in butterflies, mating strategies in birds, and malarial susceptibility in mosquitoes. A large supergene also underlies variation in social organization in Formica ants. Alternative supergene haplotypes are associated with the presence of either a single queen (monogyny) or multiple queens (polygyny) within colonies. Here, we assess the social structure and supergene status of the North American species Formica neoclara.

Results
We sequenced a subset of the genome in 280 individuals sampled in populations from California to northern British Columbia using ddRADseq. We determined that F. neoclara is socially polymorphic in queen number, and we show that the social polymorphism is associated with alternative haplotypes at the social supergene. Intriguingly, polygyne colonies can harbor workers that are homozygous for both haplotypes as well as heterozygotes.

Conclusions
This colony genetic composition contrasts with other Formica species, in which almost all individuals in polygyne colonies have the polygyne-associated haplotype. The social polymorphism is present in widely distributed and genetically subdivided populations of F. neoclara. In studying this system in F. neoclara, we expand our understanding of the functional evolution of supergene haplotypes as they diverge in different lineages.