bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated detection and quantification of the onset of undercoating corrosion using pulsed thermography
Authors: Kopf Larissa F. , Tighe Rachael C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCorrosion of metals can occur under coatings making early visual detection almost impossible which enables corrosion to progress undetected. Nondestructive evaluation can be used to inspect parts during their life. Thermography uses the difference in thermal properties between defective and sound areas to locate defects by applying a short pulse of heat and monitoring the surface temperature of the sample with an infrared camera. However, currently, inspection is reliant on highly trained operators to analyze images for defects and in the case of corrosion, judge its growth. The aim of this research was to develop and test a novel algorithm to identify and quantify the onset of corrosion under coatings and monitor the growth. Using this algorithm, the corrosion was autonomously detected in a variety of mild steel samples exposed to three different corrosive environments. The method successfully detected, quantified, and monitored the growth of corrosion under coatings accurately and robustly using thermal images gathered by a microbolometer infrared camera. The extent of corrosion was reported with an accuracy of 3% absolute error when compared to the true extent.
Influence of the machined surface roughness on the pitting behavior of 304 stainless steel
Authors: Tan Xin , Lan Rulei , Yao Qiong , Tu Qiyong , Lei Longlin , Zhang Jun , Sun Yangting , Li Jin , Jiang Yiming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe relationship between specimens with different machined surface roughness and pitting resistance was explored using the critical pitting temperature (CPT), critical pitting potential (Ep), and FeCl3 pitting immersion tests. Compared with the arithmetic mean deviation of the surface contour (Ra), the depth–width ratio could characterize the mathematical relationship between the machined surface roughness and pitting parameters more simply. With an increase in the depth–width ratio, the CPT and Ep of 304 stainless steel decreased, the average corrosion rate increased, the number of pits decreased, and the pit sizes increased. A larger depth–width ratio led to a larger effective diffusion length of metal cations in the pits, thus, the critical pitting criteria could be reached easily, which resulted in the reduction of the pitting resistance of 304 stainless steel.
Tailor‐Made Poly(vinylamine) via Purple LED‐Activated RAFT Polymerization of N‐vinylformamide
Authors: Kurowska Izabela , Dupre–Demorsy Alexis , Balayssac Stéphane , Hennetier Marie , Ric Audrey , Bourdon Valérie , Ando Tsuyoshi , Ajiro Hiroharu , Coutelier Olivier , Destarac Mathias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhoto‐iniferter reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PI‐RAFT) polymerization of N‐vinylformamide (NVF) is demonstrated by using purple light. PNVFs with predetermined molar masses and narrow molar mass distributions are obtained. High RAFT chain‐end fidelity is confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) and electrospray‐ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF‐MS), and chain extension experiment. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, an original poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylformamide) (PVP‐b‐PNVF) diblock copolymer is synthesized and characterized by aqueous size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation (A4F), and 1H diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (1H DOSY NMR). Finally, selective hydrolysis of PNVF block to corresponding pH‐responsive poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylformamide) (PVP‐b‐PVAm) is performed.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approaches for salivary protein biomarkers discovery and dental caries diagnosis: A critical review
Authors: Ahmad Paras , Hussain Ahmed , Siqueira Walter L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDental caries is a multifactorial chronic disease resulting from the intricate interplay among acid‐generating bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and several host factors such as saliva. Saliva comprises several proteins which could be utilized as biomarkers for caries prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Mass spectrometry‐based salivary proteomics approaches, owing to their sensitivity, provide the opportunity to investigate and unveil crucial cariogenic pathogen activity and host indicators and may demonstrate clinically relevant biomarkers to improve caries diagnosis and management. The present review outlines the published literature of human clinical proteomics investigations on caries and extensively elucidates frequently reported salivary proteins as biomarkers. This review also discusses important aspects while designing an experimental proteomics workflow. The protein–protein interactions and the clinical relevance of salivary proteins as biomarkers for caries, together with uninvestigated domains of the discipline are also discussed critically.
Characterization of health concerns in people with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Fleming Jane , Morgan Oliver , Wong Claire , Schlub Timothy E. , Berman Yemima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common cancer predisposition syndrome. Affected individuals require lifelong surveillance and often suffer progressive disfigurement due to cutaneous neurofibromas. The aim of this research was to characterize health concerns and quality of life (QOL) in a population cohort.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 68 adults and 32 parents of children with NF1, and 60 controls. The survey included the Skindex‐29 QOL scale, 5D‐itch scale, and additional health questions.ResultsFrequency of itch was high in children (50%) and adults (69%), with most expressing interest in treatment for itch. The presence of itch and increased visibility of NF1 were predictors of poorer QoL. Many adults (53%) and parents (44%) desired access to treatment to improve cosmetic appearance. Muscle weakness/tiredness was also prevalent amongst (60–70%) adults and children with NF1. Two‐thirds of adults with NF1 reported limited awareness of NF1 services and poor knowledge of surveillance, particularly breast screening in young women.ConclusionThis study highlights the impact of NF1‐related itch and visibility in adults and children with a need for cosmetic and itch treatment. The findings emphasize a need for strategies to promote awareness, and access to management and treatment of NF1 in adults.
Hericium erinaceus mycelium‐Derived Polysaccharide Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Ren Zhengyu , Xu Zhenzhen , Amakye William Kwame , Liu Wei , Zhao Zikuan , Gao Li , Wang Min , Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: November 2022

ScopeUlcerative colitis (UC) is rapidly increasing worldwide but prolong use of available corticosteroids treatment is associated with numerous adverse effects. There is the urgent need to develop novel therapeutic options. However, this requires the use of suitable disease models, but current models are generated with chemical agents mainly in rodents, which are unable to recapitulate the human occurrence. The aim of this study is to validate the occurrence of spontaneous UC in cynomolgus monkeys and explore the potential of Hericium erinaceus mycelium‐derived polysaccharide in reversing UC pathologies.Methods and resultsPostmortem bowel evaluation and biochemical analysis including inflammatory markers and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) as well as nutrition status parameters, confirm the non‐artificial induced spontaneous occurrence of UC in cynomolgus monkeys. Subsequently, H. erinaceus mycelium‐derived polysaccharide supplementation significantly attenuates UC pathologies, improves nutritional status, reduces the incidence of diarrhea, and reduces inflammation in UC monkeys. Importantly, the polysaccharides administration enhances intestinal function and reshapes the gut microbiota.ConclusionThe study confirms the spontaneous UC monkeys can closely mimic the occurrence of UC in humans. Moreover, H. erinaceus mycelium‐derived polysaccharide can effectively restore UC in monkeys, which show the prospects as precision nutritional supplement for the management of UC.
The evidence from clinical trials on Gout medicines effect on COVID‐19: A protocol for systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bitar Ahmad Naoras , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the available evidence from clinical trials on the efficacy of gout medicines against COVID‐19.DesignSystematic review and Meta‐analysis.MethodsWe are systematically searching five databases [PubMed, Embase, CT.gov, ICTRP, CINAHL (EBSCO)]. We are following the PRISMA statement and the EPOC guidelines. The meta‐analysis will be conducted using Revman‐5.4.1 from Cochrane collaboration, UK. This review's protocol was also registered in PROSPERO, University of York, UK (CRD42022299718).ResultsIn this meta‐analysis, we plan to give a conclusive overview of the available evidence on the efficacy of the medications used to manage gout in reducing COVID‐19 mortality, ICU admission, ventilation rate and hospitalization duration. If the results were positive, these drugs would greatly add to the scarce treatment options against COVID‐19. Furthermore, these drugs might provide an excellent alternative to inconvenient and expensive drugs. Additionally, most of these drugs have a well‐established safety profile for use during nursing, making them a much safer option for nursing mothers with COVID‐19.
Linking chronic stress to insomnia symptoms in older adults: The role of stress co‐occurrence during the pandemic
Authors: Kuo Wan‐Chin , Ersig Anne L. , Kunkul Fatih , Brown Roger L. , Oakley Linda D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies examining the associations of chronic stressors with sleep health in older adults have shown conflicting results. While the COVID‐19 pandemic increased perceived stress at the population level, less is known about chronic stressors experienced by older adults in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its impact on sleep health in an aging population. This study aims to examine the association of older adults' chronic stress with insomnia symptoms during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A cross‐sectional analysis was performed using early‐release COVID‐19 data from the Health and Retirement Study. Data on chronic stressors and insomnia symptoms in older adults (N = 2021; mean age = 68.8) were examined. Co‐occurrence network analysis, latent class analysis, Rao–Scott χ2 tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used to characterize the co‐occurrence of chronic stressors and associations with insomnia symptoms. The most common co‐occurring chronic stressors during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic were self‐health issues, family‐health issues, and financial stress. Older adults experiencing frequent stress co‐occurrence had 91% higher odds of difficulty initiating sleep (p < 0.001), 40% higher odds of frequent nocturnal awakening (p = 0.028), and 83% higher odds of nonrestorative sleep (p < 0.001). However, adjustment for health risk factors and COVID‐19 concerns attenuated the effects, leaving strongest association for difficulty initiating sleep (odds ratio = 1.51, p = 0.010). Frequent stress co‐occurrence plays an important role linking chronic stress to insomnia symptoms in an aging population. Ongoing research is needed to examine the lingering effects of frequent stress co‐occurrence on older adults' sleep health in the post COVID‐19 era.
A case of myoepithelioma with cyst‐like structure in the maxilla
Authors: Tsuji Kaname , Matsuda Sakiko , Kotaki Shinya , Nakanishi Tamaki , Wato Masahiro , Iseki Tomio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyoepithelioma is a rare type of salivary gland tumor that mainly occurs in the parotid glands and palate.Case presentationA 43‐year‐old woman presented with swelling and pain in the right maxillary molar. We performed enucleation and curettage under general anesthesia. The tumor was cyst‐like. Histopathological examination revealed nests of tumor cells diffusely interspersed within fibrotic connective tissues. A few cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, α‐SMA, GFAP, and vimentin; S‐100 protein and calponin were also positive. Final diagnosis was myoepithelioma.ConclusionOver 7 years after the surgery, the postoperative course was good, with no recurrence of the tumor.
Termination of pregnancy after a prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Factors influencing the parental decision process
Authors: Horn‐Oudshoorn Emily J. J. , Peters Nina C. J. , Franx Arie , Eggink Alex J. , Cochius‐den Otter Suzan C. M. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , DeKoninck Philip L. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of termination of pregnancies (TOP) and factors associated with the decision for TOP in prenatally detected congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Study DesignSingle‐centre retrospective cohort includes all prenatally detected CDH cases born between January 2009 and December 2021. Parental factors, such as parity, and fetal characteristics, such as disease severity, were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. Differences between terminated and continued pregnancies were analysed.ResultsThe study population consisted of 278 prenatally detected CDH cases of which 80% detected <24 weeks of gestation. The TOP rate was 28% in cases that were detected <24 weeks of gestation. Twenty continued pregnancies resulted in either intrauterine fetal demise (n = 6), preterm birth <24 weeks (n = 2), or comfort care after birth (n = 12). The survival rate was 70% in the remaining 195 live born cases. Factors associated with the decision for TOP were additional fetal genetic or anatomical abnormalities (p < 0.0001) and expected severity of pulmonary hypoplasia in left‐sided CDH (p = 0.0456).ConclusionThe decision to terminate a pregnancy complicated by fetal CDH depends on the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia and the presence of additional abnormalities. This emphasises the importance of early referral to expertise centres for detailed evaluation and multidisciplinary counselling.
Research−implementation organisations and their role for sustainable development
Authors: Saric Jasmina , Breu Thomas , Fokou Gilbert , Gass Salome‐Joëlle , Kiteme Boniface , Masanja Honorati , Utzinger Jürg , Zeleke Gete , Käser Fabian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, considerable progress has been made by higher education institutions (HEIs) to align with sustainable development goals. Specifically, aspects of sustainable development have been integrated into the existing mandates of HEIs – education, research and operations. The main objective of the current study was to assess a sub‐group of African HEIs that have an explicit mandate for implementation science and pursue development assistance‐type services and to describe their added value to advance sustainable development. We conducted a qualitative situational assessment, including 22 institutions from 13 countries. Interviews and surveys were done with 42 participants composed of director‐level representatives and staff members engaged both in research and implementation. The data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The main strengths of the participating organisations vis‐à‐vis implementation projects and wider sustainable development were the quality of implementation, local relevance of the research and uptake of research evidence into policy and practice. A major weakness was the challenge of operating such a bi‐sectoral model, while maintaining high‐level performance in both areas. Yet, the examined research−implementation institutions draw from and combine the competences of research, education and implementation and have a distinctive role to play in the attainment of sustainable development, especially when operating by an optimised support system and within strong research ecosystems. Based on our study, we provide a definition of research−implementation organisations that may serve institutions to enhance their standing, their operations and their significance for sustainable development.
Do the personal attributes of CEOs matter in the IPO pricing process? An examination of charisma and humility
Authors: Chandler Jeffrey A. , Petrenko Oleg V. , Hayes Nathan , Blake Andrew B. , Aime Federico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryBuilding on upper echelons theory and implicit leadership theory, we examine if the personal attributes of CEOs of firms undertaking an initial public offering influence the pricing decisions of investment bankers. We argue that charisma and humility in CEOs alter two of the most important decisions of investment bankers: determining the firm's offer price range and setting the firm's actual offer price. Specifically, we argue that the perceptions and negotiation abilities of more charismatic CEOs result in higher offer prices and smaller offer price ranges for their firms. We also argue that the perceptions and negotiation abilities of more humble CEOs result in lower offer prices and broader offer price ranges for their firms.Managerial SummaryWe investigate how charisma and humility in CEOs of firms undertaking an initial public offering influence two of the most important decisions of investment bankers: determining the firm's offer price range and setting the firm's actual offer price. We show that firms led by more charismatic CEOs enjoy higher offer prices and smaller offer price ranges due to their perceptions of being an effective leader and their strong negotiation abilities. We also show that firms led by more humble CEOs have lower offer prices and broader offer price ranges since humble leaders fall outside of expected perceptions of effective leaders and lack strong negotiation abilities. Ultimately, our study demonstrates the importance of CEO characteristics on pricing decisions throughout the initial public offering process.
Turning rebellion into money? Social entrepreneurship as the strategic performance of systems change
Authors: Teasdale Simon , Roy Michael J. , Nicholls Alex , Hervieux Chantal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryCritical scholars recognize a disjuncture between the problems identified by social entrepreneurs and the solutions they propose. Existing theory treats this as a problem to be rectified at the organizational level. In this essay, we widen attention to the macro‐oriented systems change strategies of social entrepreneurs. We develop a dynamic typology showing how strategies are reassembled over time to stimulate or deflect desire for systems change. Deriving inspiration from Goffman, we theorize the ways that different types of systems change actor perform systems change via interaction with their environments. Drawing on illustrative cases on the boundaries of social entrepreneurship, we show how the collective action frameworks developed by systems change actors can be adapted and repurposed by their (systems) audiences: effectively turning rebellion into money.Managerial SummarySocial entrepreneurs often call for systems change to tackle wicked problems such as poverty or climate change. However, the strategies they propose for tackling these problems, such as lending money to poor people are considerably less radical. In this essay, we identify three types of systems change actor distinguished by the degree of systems change they call for. We trace their ideas over time to illustrate how strategies are mediated, and subsequently repurposed through interaction with the systems they seek to change. In conclusion, we call upon researchers and social entrepreneurs to widen their perspectives to incorporate more radical ideas and potentials for systems change, and for greater attention to be devoted to scrutinizing and protecting the integrity of systems change strategies.
Weathering a demand shock: The impact of prior vertical scope on post‐shock firm response
Authors: Lim Najoung , Kim Seojin , Agarwal Rajshree 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine how and why pre‐existing vertical scope may cause differences in product market exit rates after sudden and exogenous decreases in demand. Our empirical context is the U.S. medical diagnostic imaging industry (2004–2009), wherein a major Medicare reform created a derived demand shock to equipment manufacturers. Using a difference‐in‐difference‐in‐difference design, we find integrated firms were more likely to exit than nonintegrated firms. Building on the literature conceptualizing firms' pre‐shock vertical scope as a representation of existing resources and governance choices, we explain that integrated and nonintegrated firms responded differently by leveraging their own distinctive capabilities. Our qualitative insights suggest that higher market exit of integrated firms was driven by their higher adjustment costs due to frictions across strategies for demand management versus cost reduction.Managerial SummaryThis study investigates whether having a dedicated sales force or utilizing third‐party distributors can help mitigate the adverse effect of an abrupt demand decrease on manufacturers. In the context of the US medical imaging equipment industry affected by the 2005 Deficit Reduction Act, we show that all firms implemented strategies for demand management, cost reduction, and product portfolio reconfiguration in response. Manufacturers using external distributors experienced fewer frictions across these strategies than those with an internal sales force and were less likely to exit. Thus, a firms' vertical scope can impact how they cope with environmental changes.
Improving the Oxygen Evolution Activity of Layered Double‐Hydroxide via Erbium‐Induced Electronic Engineering
Authors: Zhu Yu , Wang Xuan , Zhu Xiaoheng , Wu Zixin , Zhao Dongsheng , Wang Fei , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen , Li Hao , Fu Gengtao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLayered double‐hydroxide (LDH) has been considered an important class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the adsorption‐desorption behaviors of oxygen intermediates on its surface still remain unsatisfactory. Apart from transition‐metal doping to solve this electrocatalytic problem of LDH, rare‐earth (RE) species have sprung up as emerging dopants owing to their unique 4f valence‐electronic configurations. Herein, the Er is chosen as a RE model to improve OER activity of LDH via constructing nickel foam supported Er‐doped NiFe‐LDH catalyst (Er‐NiFe‐LDH@NF). The optimal Er‐NiFe‐LDH@NF exhibits a low overpotential (191 mV at 10 mA cm−2), high turnover frequency (0.588 s−1), and low activation energy (36.03 kJ mol−1), which are superior to Er‐free sample. Electrochemical in situ Raman spectra reveal the facilitated transition of Ni‐OH into Ni‐OOH for promoted OER kinetics through the Er doping effect. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the introduction of Er facilitates the spin crossover of valence electrons by optimizing the d band center of NiFe‐LDH, which leads to the GO‐GHO closer to the optimal activity of the kinetic OER volcano by balancing the bonding strength of *O and *OH. Moreover, the Er‐NiFe‐LDH@NF presents high practicability in electrochemical water‐splitting devices with a low driving potential of and a well‐extended driving period.