bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measures to prolong duration of sensory block after regional anaesthesia
Authors: Schubert Ann-Kristin , Wiesmann Thomas , Dinges Hanns-Christian 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
The duration of single-injection regional anaesthesia is limited due to the inherent pharmacological properties of local anaesthetics. The ideal duration of a regional anaesthesia block lasting for the first 24 h postoperatively can be stated, while a residual analgesic effect thereafter is desirable.
The aim of this review is to present current options to prolong the duration of action of single-injection peripheral regional anaesthesia in the ambulatory setting. Secondly, this review outlines and discusses the latest evidence regarding the clinical use of adjuvants and sustained-release local anaesthetics.

Recent findings
Extended-release formulations of local anaesthetics such as liposomal bupivacaine have been developed to prolong regional anaesthesia up to 96 h. Recent studies, however, show that the actual effects remain far behind expectations and that the efficacy is only marginally better than bupivacaine hydrochloride.
Adjuvants to local anaesthetics have been studied extensively with heterogenous results. Dexamethasone and alpha-2 agonists range among the most effective measures to prolong single-injection nerve blocks.
Continuous nerve blocks and catheter techniques may prolong regional anaesthesia very effectively, but are less cost-effective regarding block procedure, postoperative care and handling logistical issues especially in ambulatory surgery.

Summary
In conclusion, adjuvants are the recommended measure to prolong regional anaesthesia where needed. With good evidence supporting it, dexamethasone is the most effective adjuvant, followed by dexmedetomidine. Both have few side effects and a favourable safety profile. However, a preferable duration of analgesia lasting for the first 24 h postoperatively is still not reliably achievable.
Presbyopic LASIK using the Supracor algorithm and micromonovision in presbyopic myopic patients: 12-month visual and refractive outcomes
Authors: Adam Thomas , Boucenna William , Lussato Mikhael , Hagege Alain , Berguiga Marouen , Marechal Marie , Froussart-Maille Françoise , Delbarre Maxime 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes for presbyopia and myopia treatment using the Teneo 317 M2 platform and the myopic Supracor algorithm.

Setting:
Percy Military Hospital and Private Laser Victor Hugo Center, Paris, France.

Design:
Observational retrospective nonrandomized study.

Methods:
50 eyes (25 patients) treated with bilateral myopic Supracor and micromonovision using the Teneo 317 M2 platform and followed up for 12 months. Study outcomes included binocular and monocular visual acuities (without correction for distance and near vision), the spherical equivalent, predictability, stability, safety, optical aberrations, and complications.

Results:
The mean age was 50.6 ± 2.7 years, and the mean preoperative spherical equivalent was −2.6 ± 1.4 diopters. At 12 months postoperatively, the mean binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.02 ± 0.03 logMAR, and 24 patients (96%) achieved an acuity of 20/25 or better. The binocular uncorrected near visual acuity was equal to Jaeger 1 in 18 patients (72%) and Jaeger 2 or better in 23 patients (92%). 12 eyes (24%) had lost 1 Snellen line, and 1 eye (2%) had lost 2 Snellen lines of monocular corrected distance visual acuity. No cases required retreatment; however, 1 eye (2%) underwent revision surgery because of diffuse lamellar keratitis.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that Supracor using the Teneo 317 M2 platform is a safe and effective technique for myopia and presbyopia treatment. Supracor is therefore a viable alternative to monovision for presbyopia and myopia. However, a careful patient selection is essential to satisfy realistic expectations.
Nighttime Sedations in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Lubin Yael , Weiser Giora 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is the standard of care for many procedures in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Although generally performed by skilled PED physicians, in Israeli PEDs, during nighttime hours, it is mainly performed by pediatric residents. The safety of PSA by residents is considered comparable yet has not been evaluated regarding nighttime performance.

Methods
A retrospective study review of PSA performed in the PED at night (1:00 a.m.–7:00 a.m.). To evaluate these events, we compared each case of nighttime PSA to 2 daytime PSA cases from 2017 to 2019. Adverse events were evaluated using the Quebec criteria.

Results
The study included 451 sedations performed on 438 children from January 2017 to January 2019. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 29 (6.4%) of the sedations. Serious AEs were uncommon. This included mostly bag-valve-mask ventilation used in 13 (2.9%) of the cases. Of these, 12 were daytime sedations. There was a clear association between abscess drainage during daytime hours and AEs.

Conclusions
Sedations performed during nighttime hours by pediatric residents seem safe and effective. This should strengthen the empowerment of residents to perform sedations when necessary even at late hours of the night. Recognizing cases at higher risk may avoid possible AEs.
Post-COVID-19 respiratory problems: burden and management
Authors: Kessler Anna , Heightman Melissa , Brennan Ewen 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
To describe the burden of post-COVID respiratory sequelae in posthospital and nonhospitalized COVID-19 survivors and to describe the priorities of clinical management.

Recent findings
Due to varying definitions of ‘Long COVID’ or ‘Post-COVID’, the prevalence of post-COVID sequelae or persisting symptoms is challenging to estimate but ranges from 2.3 to 51%. Risk factors for persistent post-COVID symptoms include age, female sex, deprivation, presence of comorbidities; and in posthospital COVID-19 survivors, the severity of acute infection. Common post-COVID respiratory symptoms include breathlessness, cough and chest pain and many individuals also experience exercise intolerance. The most common pulmonary function test abnormality is impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. In posthospital COVID-19 survivors, the prevalence of interstitial lung damage is 5–11%. Disordered breathing is common in all post-COVID patients and respiratory physiotherapy is helpful.

Summary
The vast numbers of COVID-19 infections globally implies that a large number of people will be affected by post-COVID sequelae even with conservative estimates. A significant number of people are affected for several months and up to years following acute infection. Post-COVID sequelae have a detrimental impact on quality of life and ability to work.
Rhizopus homothallicus, an uncommon causative agent of Rhino-orbital mucormycosis: Case report
Authors: SAHA UMA SHANKAR , Gupta Minakshi , Kumar Alok , Mishra Minakshi 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Rhizopus oryzae is the most common mucorales to cause angio-invasive infections though other species may also be found. This case is about a rare species of Mucorales.
Case presentation: A patient in late 60s, known diabetic for about last 10 years presented with headache and nasal congestion with history of fever few days back. patient had history of close contact with spouse who was diagnosed as COVID-19 positive. As condition did not improved with symptomatic treatment given earlier further workup was done and biopsy was taken from affected sinus. Microscopic examination (KOH Mount) showed few broad aseptate hyaline hyphae with right angle branching suggestive of mucormycosis. Fungal culture in SDA media incubated at 37 o C and 25 o C showed white cottony growth within 3 days, which turned slight brown to black colour in upper side of growth in next 1-2 days. LCB mount showed broad, aseptate hyphae with not-well-developed sporangiophores bearing few globose sporangia and many large number of golden brown zygospores with stellate walls and with suspensor cells, which was identified as Rhizopus homothallicus.
Conclusion: Our purpose of reporting this case was to highlight the fact that though uncommon this species may emerge sporadically. More cases like this may be reported in future from other parts of the world as well.
mon this species may emerge sporadically. More cases like this may be reported in future from other parts of the world as well.
Accurate prediction of children’s target height from their mid-parental height
Authors: Zeevi Danny , Yehuda Adi Ben , Zangen David , Kruglyak Leonid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor the past 50 years, standard guidelines have recommended the use of sex-adjusted mid-parental height to predict a child’s final height. Here, we studied the accuracy of this procedure.MethodsWe used height data in a cohort of 23 very large nuclear families (Mean = 11 adult children per family). We compared the actual final height of the children to their height predicted by the standard procedure, as well as to alternative height predictions that incorporate corrections of mid-parental height for age, sex, and regression to the mean.ResultsStandard mid-parental height explained 36% of the variance in children’s heights, with a heritability of 74%, and children were on average 2.7 cm taller than predicted by their target heights. When we introduced a non-linear correction for the age of the parents, employed a multiplicative (rather than additive) correction for sex, and accounted for regression to the mean, the variance explained increased to 40%, heritability increased to 80%, and prediction bias was reduced from 2.7 cm to 0.14 cm (representing an improvement in prediction by half a standard deviation of the height distribution). We further measured the empirical distribution of heights of adult children around their predicted height. We describe how this distribution can be used to estimate the probability that a child’s height is within the normal expected range.Conclusions and RelevanceBased on these observations, we propose an improved method for predicting children’s target heights. Our procedure for determining whether the deviation of a child’s projected height from the target height is in the normal range can be used to assess whether the child should be tested further for potential medical abnormalities.
Singletrome: A method to analyze and enhance the transcriptome with long noncoding RNAs for single cell analysis
Authors: Rahman Raza Ur , Ahmad Iftikhar , Sparks Robert , Saad Amel Ben , Mullen Alan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized the study of gene expression in individual cell types from heterogeneous tissue. To date, scRNA-seq studies have focused primarily on expression of protein-coding genes, as the functions of these genes are more broadly understood and more readily linked to phenotype. However, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are even more diverse than protein-coding genes, yet remain an underexplored component of scRNA-seq data. While less is known about lncRNAs, they are widely expressed and regulate cell development and the progression of diseases including cancer and liver disease. Dedicated lncRNA annotation databases continue to expand, but most lncRNA genes are not yet included in reference annotations applied to scRNA-seq analysis. Simply creating a new annotation containing known protein-coding and lncRNA genes is not sufficient, because the addition of lncRNA genes that overlap in sense and antisense with protein-coding genes will affect how reads are counted for both protein-coding and lncRNA genes. Here we introduce Singletrome, an enhanced human lncRNA genome annotation for scRNA-seq analysis, by merging protein-coding and lncRNA databases with additional filters for quality control. Using Singletrome to characterize expression of lncRNAs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and liver scRNA-seq samples, we observed an increase in the number of reads mapped to exons, detected more lncRNA genes, and observed a decrease in uniquely mapped transcriptome reads, indicating improved mapping specificity. Moreover, we were able to cluster cell types based solely on lncRNAs expression, providing evidence of the depth and diversity of lncRNA reads contained in scRNA-seq data. Our analysis identified lncRNAs differentially expressed in specific cell types with development of liver fibrosis. Importantly, lncRNAs alone were able to predict cell types and human disease pathology through the application of machine learning. This comprehensive annotation will allow mapping of lncRNA expression across cell types of the human body facilitating the development of an atlas of human lncRNAs in health and disease.
Improving the preclinical and clinical success rates of LMW drugs depends on radical revisions to the status quo scientific foundations of medicinal chemistry: a case study on COVID Mproinhibition
Authors: Pearlstein Robert A. , Wan Hongbin , Williams Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe poor preclinical and clinical success rates of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds can be partially attributed to the inherent trial-and-error nature of pharmaceutical research, which is limited largely toretrospectivedata-driven, rather thanprospectiveprediction-driven human relevant workflows stemming from: 1) inadequate scientific understanding of structure-activity, structure-property, and structure-free energy relationships; 2) disconnects between empirical models derived from in vitro equilibrium data (e.g., Hill and Michaelis-Menten models) vis-à-vis the native non-equilibrium cellular setting (where the pertinent metrics consist of rates, rather than equilibrium state distributions); and 3) inadequate understanding of the non-linear dynamic (NLD) basis of cellular function and disease. We argue that the limit of understanding of cellular function/dysfunction and pharmacology based onempiricalprinciples (observation/inference) has been reached, and that further progress depends on understanding these phenomena at thefirst principlestheoretical level. Toward that end, we have been developing and applying a theory (called “Biodynamics”) on the general mechanisms by which: 1) cellular functions are conveyed by dynamic multi-molecular/-ionic (multi-flux) systems operating in the NLD regime; 2) cellular dysfunction results from molecular dysfunction; 3) molecular structure and function are powered by covalent/non-covalent forms of free energy; and 4) cellular dysfunction is corrected pharmacologically. Biodynamics represents a radical departure from the status quo empirical science and reduction to practice thereof, replacing: 1) the interatomic contact model of structure-free energy and structure-property relationships with a solvation free energy model; 2) equilibrium drug-target occupancy models with dynamic models accounting for time-dependent drug and target/off-target binding site buildup and decay; and 3) linear models of molecular structure-function and multi-molecular/-ionic systems conveying cellular function and dysfunction with NLD models that more realistically capture the emergent non-linear behaviors of such systems. Here, we apply our theory to COVID Mproinhibition and overview its implications for a holistic, in vivo relevant approach to drug design.
Genomic Characterization of Rare Earth Binding byShewanella oneidensis
Authors: Medin Sean , Schmitz Alexa M. , Pian Brooke , Mini Kuunemuebari , Reid Matthew C. , Holycross Megan , Gazel Esteban , Wu Mingming , Barstow Buz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRare earth elements (REE) are essential ingredients of sustainable energy technologies, but separation of individual REE is one of the hardest problems in chemistry today1. Biosorption, where molecules adsorb to the surface of biological materials, offers a sustainable alternative to environmentally harmful solvent extractions currently used for separation of rare earth elements (REE). The REE-biosorption capability of some microorganisms allows for REE separations that, under specialized conditions, are already competitive with solvent extractions2, suggesting that genetic engineering could allow it to leapfrog existing technologies. To identify targets for genomic improvement we screened 3,373 mutants from the whole genome knockout collection of the known REE-biosorbing microorganismShewanella oneidensisMR-13,4. We found 130 genes that increased biosorption of the middle REE europium, and 112 that reduced it. We verified biosorption changes from the screen for a mixed solution of three REE (La, Eu, Yb) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in solution conditions with a range of ionic strengths and REE concentrations. We found, among other things, that disruptions of a key regulatory component of the arc system (hptA), which regulates cellular response to anoxic environments and polysaccharide biosynthesis related genes (wbpQ, wbnJ, SO_3183) consistently increase biosorption across all our solution conditions. Our largest total biosorption change comes from ourSO_4685—a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis gene—disruption which results in an up to 79% increase in biosorption andnusA—a regulatory protein—disruption which results in an up to 35% decrease in biosorption. Knockouts ofglnA, pyrD, andSO_3183increase relative biosorption affinity for ytterbium over lanthanum in multiple solution conditions tested, while many other genes we explored have more complex binding affinity changes. Taken together, these results begin to elucidate how various genes affect the membrane chemistry ofS. oneidensisand offer potential targets for improving biosorption and separation of REE.
Language gene polymorphism pattern survey provided important information for education context in human evolution
Authors: Xia Wei , Zhang Zhizhou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudy on language gene polymorphism patterns (LGPP) across different populations could provide important information on human evolution. In this study, as a preliminary observation, we adopted 148 single nucleic polymorphism (SNP) sites from 13 language genes, each with 4-13 SNPs. These SNPs were screened across 112 whole genome sequences (including 59 ancient genomes ranging from 2000 BP to 120000 BP) from five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America). We found that four distinct LGPPs featured across human evolution history, though it is still to decipher whether they correspond to the three batches of out-of-Africa ancient humans and modern human; Surprisingly, ten ancient samples from the small country, Nepal, contain all 4 basic LGPPs, suggesting that the southern foothills and nearby of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were likely an agglomeration place for ancient humans; Chinese samples also have 3-4 basic LGPPs. Of note, some types of Neanderthals and Denisovans possessed a LGPP almost the same as modern humans.
Longitudinal proteomic investigation of COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Wang Yingrui , Zhu Qianru , Sun Rui , Yi Xiao , Huang Lingling , Hu Yifan , Ge Weigang , Gao Huanhuan , Ye Xinfu , Song Yu , Shao Li , Li Yantao , Li Jie , Guo Tiannan , Shi Junping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a remarkable success, the heterogeneous individual antibody generation and decline over time are unknown and still hard to predict. In this study, blood samples were collected from 163 participants who next received two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac®) at a 28-day interval. Using TMT-based proteomics, we identified 1715 serum and 7342 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proteins. We proposed two sets of potential biomarkers (seven from serum, five from PBMCs) using machine learning, and predicted the individual seropositivity 57 days after vaccination (AUC = 0.87). Based on the four PBMC’s potential biomarkers, we predicted the antibody persistence until 180 days after vaccination (AUC = 0.79). Our data highlighted characteristic hematological host responses, including altered lymphocyte migration regulation, neutrophil degranulation, and humoral immune response. This study proposed potential blood-derived protein biomarkers for predicting heterogeneous antibody generation and decline after COVID-19 vaccination, shedding light on immunization mechanisms and individual booster shot planning.HighlightsLongitudinal proteomics of PBMC and serum from individuals vaccinated with CoronaVac®.Machine learning models predict neutralizing antibody generation and decline after COVID-19 vaccination.The adaptive and the innate immune responses are stronger in the seropositive groups (especially in the early seropositive group).Vaccine-induced immunity involves in lymphocyte migration regulation, neutrophil degranulation, and humoral immune response.
T-SEM of 11 Major Psychiatric Disorders: Identification of Gene Expression Patterns for Cross-Disorder Risk and Drug Repurposing
Authors: Grotzinger Andrew D. , Singh Kritika , Miller-Fleming Tyne W. , Lam Max , Mallard Travis T. , Chen Yu , Liu Zhaowen , Ge Tian , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: November 2022

Structured AbstractImportancePsychiatric disorders display high levels of comorbidity and genetic overlap, necessitating multivariate approaches for parsing convergent and divergent psychiatric risk pathways. Identifying gene expression patterns underlying cross-disorder risk also stands to propel drug discovery and repurposing in the face of rising levels of polypharmacy.ObjectiveTo identify gene expression patterns underlying genetic convergence and divergence across psychiatric disorders along with existing pharmacological interventions that target these genes.DesignThis genomic study applied a multivariate transcriptomic method, Transcriptome-wide Structural Equation Modeling (T-SEM), to investigate gene expression patterns associated with four genomic factors indexing shared risk across 11 major psychiatric disorders. Follow-up tests, including overlap with gene sets for other outcomes and phenome-wide association studies, were conducted to better characterize T-SEM results. Public databases describing drug-gene pairs were used to identify drugs that could be repurposed to target genes found to be associated with cross-disorder risk.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGene expression patterns associated with genomic factors or disorder-specific risk and existing drugs that target these genes.ResultsIn total, T-SEM identified 451 genes whose expression was associated with the genomic factors and 41 genes with disorder-specific effects. We find the most hits for a Thought Disorders factor defined by bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We identify 39 existing pharmacological interventions that could be repurposed to target gene expression hits for this same factor.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings from this study shed light on patterns of gene expression associated with genetic overlap and uniqueness across psychiatric disorders. Future versions of the multivariate drug repurposing framework outlined here have the potential to identify novel pharmacological interventions for increasingly common, comorbid psychiatric presentations.