bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Lipoproteins and Insulin Sensitivity in Youth With Obesity and Abnormal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Chung Stephanie T , Katz Lorraine E Levitt , Stettler-Davis Nicolas , Shults Justine , Sherman Arthur , Ha Joon , Stefanovski Darko , Boston Ray C , Rader Daniel J , Magge Sheela N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
Youth with obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance have an increased risk for atherosclerosis but the relative contributions of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia to dyslipidemia and the development of subclinical atherosclerosis are unknown.

Objective
This work aims to determine the association between insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and carotid intimal thickness (cIMT) in adolescents with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance.

Methods
An observational cohort study in 155 youth: 44 obese insulin sensitive (OIS; fasting insulin ≤ 20 µM/mL, body mass index [BMI] ≥ 95th percentile), 35 obese insulin resistant (OIR; fasting insulin &gt; 20 µM/mL, BMI ≥ 95th percentile), 34 obese abnormal glucose tolerant (AGT; BMI ≥ 95th percentile), and 42 Lean (BMI 5th-85th percentile). Lipids, lipoprotein particle size and concentration (-P), insulin sensitivity (SI an intravenous glucose test), and CMIT were compared using linear models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, biological sex, and Tanner stage. Lipid/lipoprotein profile and CMIT were reevaluated in a subset after 2 years.

Results
Compared to OIS and Lean, OIR and AGT had elevated triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) but similar total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Among OIS, OIR, AGT, lower SI was associated with atherogenic lipids (higher triglycerides, LDL-C, non–HDL-C, and lower HDL-C) and lipoproteins (higher total LDL-P and small HDL-P, and lower large HDL-P). There was a steeper decline in the association of SI with HDL-C and large HDL-P in AGT compared with OIR and OIS. cIMT was comparable across groups and inversely correlated with SI, with no change after 2 years.

Conclusion
Among youth with obesity, insulin resistance was associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein/lipid profile and cIMT, regardless of glucose tolerance status. Insulin resistance in AGT youth was associated with a shift to smaller HDL-P compared to normoglycemic youth with obesity. Alterations in HDL-P metabolism may be early adverse manifestations of hyperglycemia in youth with obesity.
“Never Allowed for Property”: Harriet Jacobs and Layli Long Soldier before the Law
Authors: Manshel Hannah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article reads Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) alongside Layli Long Soldier’s Whereas (2017) to argue that both texts challenge the ideology of property ownership that has long been central to Black and Indigenous subjugation. By reading these texts through Cedric Robinson’s theorization of the Black Radical Tradition, which “never allowed for property,” this essay argues that both texts bring into being a world that precedes and exceeds the violence of legal regulation. Jacobs and Long Soldier both locate an alternative to law in the radical divinity of maternal care. Through Jacobs’s and Long Soldier’s discussions of holy maternal care, we can recognize the interrelation of Black and Indigenous freedom struggles in a way that’s not solely defined by shared subjugation.
Incommensurate Labors: The Work behind the Works of Harriet Jacobs and Walt Whitman
Authors: Pottroff Christy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 1860, Harriet Jacobs and Walt Whitman signed nearly identical contracts with Boston-based publishers Thayer and Eldridge. This article tells the story of Jacobs’s and Whitman’s intersecting journeys to and from Thayer and Eldridge, and considers what this convergence can teach us about the antebellum book market and our scholarly evaluations of it. The first section of the article illuminates the publishing histories of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) by Jacobs and the third edition of Leaves of Grass by Whitman (1860) from the vantage of Thayer and Eldridge, their shared publisher. Thanks to the vast economic support of Thayer and Eldridge, Whitman brought his artistic vision into the literary marketplace, but he did so at the expense of Jacobs. Thayer and Eldridge went bankrupt printing and promoting Whitman’s book, leaving Jacobs without a publisher. Jacobs, in turn, published Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by herself. The article’s second section leaves Whitman and Thayer and Eldridge behind to follow Jacobs on her postpublication book tour. Her efforts in these years—traveling from place to place, meeting with readers, and selling her books—are the reason we have Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl today.
“I Told Him to Let Me Alone, That He Hurt Me”: Black Women and Girls and the Battle over Labor and Sexual Consent in Union-Occupied Territory
Authors: Esty Kaisha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the American Civil War, laboring African American women and girls in Union-occupied territory embarked on their own war over the use of their bodies. As fugitives, “contraband,” and refugees, displaced Black women and girls of liminal status confronted gender violence in conditions that often resembled the systemic sexual violence of slavery. As this article argues, central to this gender violence was the assumption that Black women were always willing to negotiate sex as part of their (nonsexual) labor. The introduction of wartime legislation protecting women from sexual assault was pivotal. In race-neutral terms, such legislation created a powerful avenue for refugee Black women and girls not only to seek sexual justice but also to challenge and redefine existing cultural and legal understandings of sexual consent. Analysis of testimonies to wartime sexual violence uncovers how formerly enslaved African American women and girls located their violation in relation to their sense of virtue, respectability, and sexual sovereignty. These testimonies mark a significant period of Black women's vocalization as liminal and stateless actors, prompting a reframing of histories of dissemblance, respectability, labor, and gender violence.
LONP1-mediated mitochondrial quality control safeguards metabolic shifts in heart development
Authors: Zhao Ke , Huang Xinyi , Zhao Wukui , Lu Bin , Yang Zhongzhou 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The mitochondrial matrix AAA+ Lon protease (LONP1) degrades misfolded or unassembled proteins, which play a pivotal role in mitochondrial quality control. During heart development, a metabolic shift from anaerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation takes place, which relies strongly on functional mitochondria. However, the relationship between the mitochondrial quality control machinery and metabolic shifts is elusive. Here, we interfered with mitochondrial quality control by inactivating Lonp1 in murine embryonic cardiac tissue, resulting in severely impaired heart development, leading to embryonic lethality. Mitochondrial swelling, cristae loss and abnormal protein aggregates were evident in the mitochondria of Lonp1-deficient cardiomyocytes. Accordingly, the p-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway was triggered, and nuclear translocation of ATF4 was observed. We further demonstrated that ATF4 regulates the expression of Tfam negatively while promoting that of Glut1, which was responsible for the disruption of the metabolic shift to oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species were observed in Lonp1-deficient cardiomyocytes. This study revealed that LONP1 safeguards metabolic shifts in the developing heart by controlling mitochondrial protein quality, suggesting that disrupted mitochondrial quality control may cause prenatal cardiomyopathy.
Novel function of the C-terminal region of the Hsp110 family member Osp94 in unfolded protein refolding
Authors: Kojima Ryoji , Takai Shinichi , Osada Hinako , Yamamoto Lina , Furukawa Misa , Gullans Steven R. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Osp94 (also known as HSPA4L or HSPH3), a member of the Hsp110/Sse1 family of heat-shock proteins, has a longer C-terminus than found in Hsc70/Hsp70 family proteins, composed of the loop region with a partial substrate-binding domain (SBD) β (L), and the SBDα and the C-terminal extension (H), but the functions of these domains are poorly understood. Here, we found that Osp94 suppressed heat-induced aggregation of luciferase (Luc). Osp94-bound heat-inactivated Luc was reactivated in the presence of rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) and/or a combination of Hsc70 and Hsp40 (also known as HSPA8 and DNAJB1, respectively). Targeted deletion mutagenesis revealed that the SBDβ and H domains of Osp94 are critical for protein disaggregation and RRL-mediated refolding. Reactivation of Hsp90-bound heat-inactivated Luc was abolished in the absence of RRL but compensated for by PA28α (also known as PSME1), a proteasome activator. Interestingly, the LH domain also reactivated heat-inactivated Luc, independently of PA28α. Biotin-tag cross-linking experiments indicated that the LH domain and PA28α interact with Luc bound by Hsp90 during refolding. A chimeric protein in which the H domain was exchanged for PA28α also mediated disaggregation and reactivation of heat-inactivated Luc. These results indicate that Osp94 acts as a holdase, and that the C-terminal region plays a PA28α-like role in the refolding of unfolded proteins.
In Situ Strain Distribution Measurement of Polyphenylene Sulfide-Aluminum Injection-Molded Direct Joints Using Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Kishida Yoshihiro , Kimura Hidehiko , Tsukigase Azusa , Sakakura Natsu , Yoneyama Hiroaki , Umemoto Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The joining of dissimilar materials such as resin and metal has been attracting attention as a means of reducing the weight of automobiles. It is necessary to ensure that the dissimilar material joints are sufficiently strong and durable over time for practical use. Additionally, it is necessary to clarify the mechanisms that produce these properties. We fabricated direct joints of glass fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (GFRP) and unreinforced pure polyphenylene sulfide (PurePPS) that were injection molded onto aluminum (Al) with nanometer-scale surface irregularities. We used synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction to visualize the residual strain distribution at the jointed interface in a nondestructive, micrometer-resolution manner. While the GFRP-Al joint has a lower average tensile residual strain than the PurePPS-Al joint, its strain distributions are quite different. The residual strain distribution of the GFRP-Al joint was comparable to the orientation of glass fibers. The change in the strain distribution when tensile loading was applied in the elastic region was measured, indicating that the tensile strain at the jointed interface increased for PurePPS-Al. Our in situ microbeam X-ray diffraction method helps evaluate the strain at the interface, which is related to joint reliability.
Theoretical Study of the Isotope and Homologue Effects on Nuclear Magnetic Shielding in Water and Hydrogen Sulfide Molecules
Authors: Ishii Kiriko , Shimazaki Tomomi , Tachikawa Masanori , Kita Yukiumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The hydrogen/deuterium isotope and oxygen/sulfur homologue effects on the absolute nuclear magnetic shielding constants were theoretically analyzed for five 17O-water isotopologues and five hydrogen sulfide isotopologues. Using both ab initio calculations and anharmonic vibrational structure calculations based on vibrational quantum Monte Carlo theory, we confirmed that the changes in the atomic charges are strongly correlated with the enhancements of the absolute nuclear magnetic shielding constants.
Dose response relationship between D-dimer level and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Soenarto Ratna Farida , Puiantana Artheta Mutiara , Pranata Raymond , Lim Michael Anthonius , Raharja Putu Angga Risky , Birowo Ponco , Meyer Markus 
Published: March 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Coagulopathy is one of the most common complications characterized by increased D-dimer level. We aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between elevated D-dimer level and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study in 259 critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care unit admission between March and December 2020. We compared the mortality rate between patients with and without elevated D-dimer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Fagan’s nomogram, and dose-response relationship were performed to determine the association between D-dimer level and mortality. Results: Overall mortality rate was 40.9% (106 patients). Median D-dimer level was higher in non-survivor group (10,170 ng/mL vs 4,050 ng/mL, p=0.028). The association remained significant after multivariate logistic regression analysis (p=0.046). The optimal cut-off for D-dimer level to predict mortality from ROC curve analysis was 9,020 ng/mL (OR (odds ratio) 3.73 [95% CI (confidence interval) 1.91 – 7.28], p<0.001). D-dimer level >9,020 ng/mL confers 67% posterior probability of mortality and D-dimer level <9,020 ng/mL had 35% probability of mortality. Conclusions: There was a non-linear dose-response relationship between D-dimer level and mortality with Pnonlinearity of 0.004. D-dimer level was associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in the non-linear dose-response relationship.
Case Report: The importance of examining colon and rectum in patients with appendiceal cancer
Authors: Reistrup Hugin , Fonnes Siv , Rosenberg Jacob , Andresen Kristoffer 
Published: March 2022

Appendiceal cancer is rare and is often diagnosed incidentally in patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis. However, patients with appendiceal cancer are at increased risk of synchronous malignancy. In this case report, we present a 58-year-old man initially diagnosed with acute appendicitis after presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain. He had an appendectomy and was discharged the following day. Unexpectedly, the postoperative histopathologic examination showed a primary adenocarcinoma in the appendix. A computed tomography scan showed rectal wall thickening and the patient was referred to colonoscopy where an experienced endoscopist found a rectal tumor during the digital rectal examination prior to the colonoscopy. The tumor was initially missed by the newly qualified doctor who examined the patient during his first admittance to hospital. The patient’s two primary cancers were treated with a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for the appendiceal cancer and a low anterior resection for the rectal cancer. This case supports the importance of a full colorectal workup in patients with appendiceal cancer. It also emphasizes the value of a thorough digital rectal examination and the need for improved focus on teaching and practice of the procedure.
A multi-parameter grading system for optimal fitting of scleral contact lenses
Authors: Kumar Preetam , Carrasquillo Karen G. , Chaudhary Simmy , Basu Sayan 
Published: March 2022

Background: While scleral lens practise has improved over the years due to factors such as availability of lenses with better materials and designs as well as experience of practitioners, a lack of objectivity appears to remain in terms of assessment of scleral lens fitting. This prospective observational work aimed to achieve standardization on this front through proposing a grading system for scleral lens fitting. Methods: After application of prosthetic replacement of ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) devices on the participants’ eyes, four fundamental components for understanding scleral lens fitting such as central and limbal corneal clearance, mid-haptic compression, and alignment of lens edge over anterior sclera were assessed through a series of slit-lamp biomicroscopy imaging as well as with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. FitConnect® was used to modify the device parameters to simulate different grading patterns on the proposed scale. Serial imaging was done for all the different lenses to compose the grading scale. Results: A clinically relevant grading scale was constructed that pictorially demonstrated grades for the different aspect of scleral lens fitting. The grades were conveniently scaled within three categories: “optimal”, “acceptable” and “not acceptable”. Conclusion: The gradation of scleral lens fitting parameters would take a step towards objectifying the assessment patterns in practise. This will also help reducing the gap between a novice and an experienced practitioner in terms of understanding of scleral lens fitting.
Manipulating and measuring single atoms in the Maltese cross geometry
Authors: Bianchet Lorena C. , Alves Natalia , Zarraoa Laura , Bruno Natalia , Mitchell Morgan W. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Optical microtraps at the focus of high numerical aperture (high-NA) imaging systems enable efficient collection, trapping, detection and manipulation of individual neutral atoms for quantum technology and studies of optical physics associated with super- and sub-radiant states. The recently developed “Maltese cross” geometry (MCG) atom trap uses four in-vacuum lenses to achieve four-directional high-NA optical coupling to single trapped atoms and small atomic arrays. This article presents the first extensive characterisation of atomic behaviour in a MCG atom trap. Methods: We employ a MCG system optimised for high coupling efficiency and characterise the resulting properties of the trap and trapped atoms. Using current best practices, we measure occupancy, loading rate, lifetime, temperature, fluorescence anti-bunching and trap frequencies. We also use the four-directional access to implement a new method to map the spatial distribution of collection efficiency from high-NA optics: we use the two on-trap-axis lenses to produce a 1D optical lattice, the sites of which are stochastically filled and emptied by the trap loading process. The two off-trap-axis lenses are used for imaging and single-mode collection. Correlations of single-mode and imaging fluorescence signals are then used to map the single-mode collection efficiency. Results: We observe trap characteristics comparable to what has been reported for single-atom traps with one- or two-lens optical systems. The collection efficiency distribution in the axial and transverse directions is directly observed to be in agreement with expected collection efficiency distribution from Gaussian beam optics. Conclusions: The multi-directional high-NA access provided by the Maltese cross geometry enables complex manipulations and measurements not possible in geometries with fewer directions of access, and can be achieved while preserving other trap characteristics such as lifetime, temperature, and trap size.
Neurocognitive outcomes of tuberculous meningitis in a primarily HIV-positive Ugandan cohort
Authors: Quinn Carson M , Kasibante John , Namudde Alice , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Kabahubya Mable , Nakasujja Noeline , Lofgren Sarah , Elliott Alison , Boulware David R , Meya David B , Cresswell Fiona V 
Published: March 2022

Background: The toll of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in both mortality and disability is considerable, but advancements in rehabilitation have the potential to improve the functional abilities and the quality of survivors’ lives. However, the typical phenotype of neurocognitive impairment in TBM survivors remains unstudied in HIV-predominant populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We tested 36 survivors of TBM in Uganda with a comprehensive battery of neurocognitive assessments at 8 and 24 weeks after diagnosis, and compared results to a representative cohort of HIV-uninfected Ugandans. Results: While participants had a broad range of impairments at eight weeks, there was marked improvement by 24 weeks, when a phenotype of impairment including deficits in motor functioning, verbal learning and memory, processing speed, and executive function emerged. These deficits were present despite good clinician-rated functional status. The majority (23/27, 85%) had evidence of moderate to severe depression at week 8, and at week 24 (18/24, 75%). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive neurocognitive assessment in the survivors of TBM, and further investment in and study of rehabilitation, including management of depression, to improve long-term outcomes in this population.
DEVELOPMENT OF STATE (MUNICIPAL) CONTROL AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors: Matveeva Elena E. 
Published: March 2022

One of the most important conditions for the well-being of any state is the presence in its arsenal of an apparatus capable of effectively monitoring the execution of budgets at all levels and competently using available resources at the federal, regional and municipal levels.
Currently, an important and decisive issue is the definition / assessment of the effectiveness of the control and accounting bodies. At the moment, a unified approach to the procedure for assessing the effectiveness of the controlling body has not yet been developed.
Purpose. The goal is to determine and improve the methodology for the effectiveness of the control powers of various state bodies in the field of budget expenditures, to create a highly effective system that implements external state / municipal financial control, capable of tracking the movement of these finances and the expediency of their use.
Method or methodology of the work: the following methods were used in the article: analysis, synthesis of scientific information, the method of analogies, as well as statistical methods of analysis.
Results: the most methodological and informative parameters were obtained, showing some aspects of state (municipal) control.
Field of application of the results: the results obtained are advisable to be applied by the regulatory authorities exercising control over economic entities.