bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal TNS3 gene methylation in patients with congenital scoliosis
Authors: Wu YuanTao , Zhang Hong-qi , Tang Mingxing , Guo Chaofeng , Liu Shaohua , Li Jiong , Wang Yunjia , Xiao Lige , Yang Guanteng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a congenital deformity of the spine resulting from an abnormal and asymmetrical development of vertebral bodies during pregnancy. However, the etiology and mechanism of CS are still unclear. Epigenetics is the study of heritable variations in gene expression outside of changes in nucleotide sequence. Among these, DNA methylation is the longest known, most characteristic, and most stable epigenetic mechanism. Although methylation is well studied in various complex diseases, its association with CS has not been studied
Methods
Two pairs of monozygotic twins were included and each had one patient with CS and one without. Agilent SureSelect XT Human Methyl-Sequencing were used for genome methylation sequencing. MethylTarget was used to detect methylation levels in the target regions. Immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize the expression of associated genes in the candidate regions.
Results
A total of 75 differentially methylated regions were identified, including 24 with an increased methylation level and 51 with a decreased methylation level in the CS group. Nine of the differentially methylated regions were selected (TNS3, SEMAC3, GPR124, MEST, DLK1, SNTG1, PPIB, DEF8, and GRHL2). The results showed that the methylation level of the promoter region of TNS3 was 0.72 ± 0.08 in the CS group and 0.43 ± 0.06 in the control group (p = 0.00070 < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the degree of methylation of SEMAC3, GPR124, MEST, DLK1, SNTG1, PPIB, DEF8, or GRHL2 between the two groups. The immunohistochemical results showed that TNS3 expression was significantly decreased in the cartilage of the articular process in CS (CS: 0.011 ± 0.002; control: 0.018 ± 0.006, P = 0.003 < 0.01).
Conclusion
Compared with the control group, high-level methylation in the TNS3 promoter region and low TNS3 expression in the cartilage layer of the articular process characterized CS patients. This phenomenon may suggest that DNA methylation as well as TNS3 play important roles in the pathogenesis of CS.
ERPs responses to dominance features from human faces
Authors: Miao Chengguo , Li Xiaojun , Derrington Edmund , Li Yansong , Dreher Jean-Claude 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Social dominance is an important feature of social life. Dominance has been proposed to be one of two trait dimensions underpinning social judgments of human faces. Yet, the neural bases of the ability to identify different dominance levels in others based on facial features remains poorly understood. Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to determine the temporal dynamics of facial dominance evaluation based on facial features signaling physical strength/weakness in humans. Twenty-seven participants performed a dominance perception task where they passively viewed faces with different dominance levels. Dominance levels did not modulate an early component of face processing, known as the N170 component, but did modulate the Late Positive Potential (LPP) component. These findings indicate that participants inferred dominance levels at a late stage of face evaluation. Furthermore, the highest level of dominant faces and the lowest level of submissive faces both elicited higher LPP amplitudes than faces with a neutral dominance level. Taken together, the present study provides new insights regarding the dynamics of the neurocognitive processes underlying facial dominance evaluation.
Synergistic effect of hydration and carbonation of ladle furnace slag on cementitious substances
Authors: Yi Yuanrong , Ma Wenqing , Sidike Ainiwaer , Ma Zhongle , Fang Minghang , Lin Yue , Bai Shuqi , Chen Yinguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ladle furnace slag (LFS) can undergo hydration and carbonation reactions as cement. This article explores the effect of LFS hydration and carbonation reactions on cementitious substances at different temperatures or different particle sizes, as well as the microstructure and formation mechanism of the cementitious substances. The results show that C2S and C3S undergo hydration reaction to generate C-S-H gel in the early stages, which then undergoes decalcification and condensation to generate CaCO3 and Ca-deficient C-S-H gel. The increase in temperature hinders the formation of CaCO3 from Ca2+ and CO32-, thus reducing the efficiency of hydration carbonation. The increase in particle size is not conducive to leaching of C2S and C3S to the surface of the reaction phase, which in turn reduces the degree of decalcification and polymerization of C-S-H gel in the carbonation phase. It were concluded that the best hydration and carbonation reactions of LFS were achieved at 20 °C and particle sizes < 38 μm.
PI103 affects the progression of hepatic fibrosis through Ca 2+ and PI3K/Akt-dependent HSC apoptosis
Authors: Yan Yu. , Liu Haiying. , Dai Linyu , Xiao Qian , Xiao Yonghong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the central link to the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis, which can be reversed by promoting the apoptosis of HSC. The activation of HSC leads to an increase in proliferation, collagen synthesis and the contraction of HSCs. The studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that intracellular Ca2+ plays an important role in the mediating apoptosis and contraction of HSC. The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of PI3K inhibitor PI103 on HSC stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and explored its relevant mechanisms. The results showed PI3K inhibitor PI103 could inhibit the proliferation of activated HSC, increase its apoptosis, decrease intracellular Ca2+ concentration and reduce the expression of signal molecules PI3K and Akt and type I, III collagen as well. Our study demonstrates that Ca2+ and PI3K/Akt-dependent HSC apoptosis may serve as a potential novel target for anti-fibrosis therapy.
Assessing the Fidelity of the Malaria Vaccine Implementation in Malawi
Authors: Patel Parth K. , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Remarkable progress has been made in the fight against malaria over the last two decades. Despite the mounted response using preventive and treatment measures, the rate of malaria case incidence and mortality stalled from 2015 onwards. Mosquirix (RTS, S/AS01), a 4 dose malaria vaccine with an effectiveness of 39%, was piloted by the WHO in three countries including Malawi where the vaccine is integrated in the EPI as a regular schedule dose. The vaccine portrays a chance to enhance the globally stalled progress against the malaria epidemic. Fidelity, therefore should be assessed in order to correctly identify the adherence to the planned protocol for the rollout of the program and evaluate whether it is being undertaken as planned.Methods:This is a descriptive qualitative cross-sectional study that used the implementation fidelity framework (2007). 12 Healthcare workers were interviewed while 47 parents or guardians attended 2 focused group discussions, in two separate health centers serving as immunization clinics. A non-participatory checklist was also used to predetermine the status of the vaccine storage and the system of administration of the malaria vaccine. Data was analyzed using the framework analysis approach.Results:59 participants were interviewed in this study, 12 were HCWs and 47 were guardians. Out of the 12 health workers that were interviewed, 2 (17%) were female and 10 (83%) were male. While for the clients, all 47 (100%) were female. The average age of HCWs was 38 while for the guardians it was 29. The study observed that there was adherence to the protocols but to a lesser extent.Conclusion:It is evident that the Malaria vaccine programme has to some extent been implemented with fidelity and there is demonstrable adherence to the vaccine protocol. Nevertheless, gaps still exist and it is the role of the Ministry of Health through the respective departments to learn from such experiences and employ strategies that will even increase adherence to the vaccine protocol by health workers which ultimately will reduce the malaria burden in the country since adherence to the protocols may also lead to improved efficacy of the vaccine.
Evolutionary changes in gene expression profiles associated with the coevolution of male and female genital parts among closely related ground beetle species
Authors: Sota Teiji , Nomura Shota 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The coevolutionary dynamics of corresponding male and female sexual traits, including genitalia, may be driven by complex genetic mechanisms. Carabus (Ohomopterus) ground beetles show correlated evolution in the size of their functionary corresponding male and female genital parts. To reveal the genetic mechanisms involved in the evolution of size, we investigated interspecific differences in gene expression profiles in four closely related species (two species each with long and short genital parts) using transcriptome data from genital tissues in the early and late pupal stages. Results: We detected 1536 and 1306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the species in males and 546 and 1959 DEGs in females in the two pupal stages, respectively. The DEGs were clustered by species-specific expression profiles for each stage and sex to identify candidate gene clusters for genital size based on the expression patterns among the species and gene ontology. We identified one and two gene clusters in females and males, respectively, all from the late pupal stage; one cluster of each sex showed similar expression profiles in species with similar genital size, which implies a common genetic control mechanism in each sex. However, the remaining male cluster showed different expression profiles between species with long genital parts, which implies species-specific genetic mechanisms. These clusters did not show sex-concordant expression profiles for genital size differences. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that sex-independent and partly species-specific genetic mechanisms underlie the correlated evolution of male and female genital size. These results may reflect the complex evolutionary history of male and female genitalia.
On More Accurate Reverse Half-Discrete Hilbert-Type Inequalities Involving One Higher-Order Derivative Function
Authors: Yang Bicheng , Luo Ricai , Huang Chunmiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By means of the weight functions, Hermite-Hadamard’s inequality and the technique of real analysis, a new more accurate reverse half-discrete Hilbert-type inequality involving one higher-order derivative function is given. The equivalent conditions of the best possible constant factor related to a few parameters, the equivalent forms, several particular inequalities and the kind of reverses are considered.
Colorectal cancer screening challenges in a central Saudi Arabia: 1 st round results
Authors: Zacharakis Georgios , Almasoud Abdulaziz , Arahmane Omar , Aldossary Khaled , AlZahrani Jamaan , Al-Ghamdi Sameer , AlShehri Abdullah , Nikolaidis Pavlos , Bawazir Abdullah , Alfayez Talal , Daadour Moataz , Alslimah Faisal , Altamimi Abdulaziz , Alshalawi Sami 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose:There is no national policy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in Saudi Arabia (SA) despite the increasingly early onset of CRC in high-income countries. This study aims to assess the participation and impact of a CRC screening program in central area of Saudi Arabia. Methods:The guaiac fecal occult blood test (g-FOBT) was used as a first-line, non-invasive screening test to select patients for colonoscopy. The g-FOBT (+) Saudis, aged 45–76 years old (yo), were provided colonoscopies regardless of their risk of developing CRC or the presence of symptoms. Results: The first-round participation rate was 73% (35640/48897). The average age was 53 yo (range 45-75), 49% were female (17464/35640), 76% were asymptomatic, 13% underwent sigmoidoscopy, and 77% were well-prepared. The g-FOBT (+) rate was 6.3% (n = 2245), and 76% (n = 1701) of these underwent lower GI endoscopy. The prevalence of CRC was 4.8% (81/1701), advanced adenoma 9.5% (162/1701), adenoma 15.9% (270/1701), non-adenoma polyps 7.9% (135/1701), and no polyps or tumors 25.4% (432/1701). Other findings were internal hemorrhoids 32% (60/1701), colitis 24% (45/189), diverticulosis 7.9% (135/1701), and diverticulitis 2.6% (27/1053). Among young people volunteers CRC incidence was high, 1/3 of those with CRC with female predominance, above age 50 volunteers with CRC were more likely male, had older age, and among all CRC was at the left site colon (p < 0.005) during endoscopy. Conclusions: Low numbers of advanced adenomas and cancers were detected in the first round of CRC screening, however early onset CRC is rising. Screening participation was low, and public education is necessary along with expanded colonoscopy resources.
FIP: Fake News Detection System Using Incompatibility Probability
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Zadorozhny Vladimir , Grant John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We propose FIP, a new method for fake news detection. In this framework a topic is a statement about an event, such as a headline. News articles may refer to or elaborate on the supposed event. Our technique relies on calculating the incompatibility probability for news articles with respect to a topic based on their stances determined by a reviewer. In the relevant cases where a news article is related to a topic, the stances are agree, disagree, and discuss, where the last option reflects uncertainty. As we show experimentally, the news articles with the highest incompatibility probability values are the best candidates for being fake news.
Response of an avifauna community to the La Tuna Fire in the Verdugo Mountains of Southern California
Authors: Jordan Shane E. , Rachman Richard M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fire regimes in coastal sage scrub and chaparral ecosystems have been found to reshape the distribution of vegetation and lead to changes in avian community composition. Although it is evident that these changes may be reflected in both community diversity and the structure of foraging guilds, the direction of response among habitats remains unclear. Here, patterns of change to an avifauna community were investigated in response to the 2017 La Tuna Fire at one monitoring site in the Verdugo Mountains of Southern California. Avian community diversity and evenness at this site were unaffected, however the structure of foraging guilds was significantly altered. There was a 44.2% increase in counts of insectivorous birds, a 69.6% increase in counts of generalist birds, and a 40.0% decrease in counts of granivorous birds. Principal component analysis suggests that this guild shift is explained by increases in the number of insectivorous and generalist birds present following the fire rather than by decreases in the number granivorous birds. Although post-fire distribution may be related to vegetation structure, interspecific interactions, and species unique adaptations to this habitat, results here suggest that patterns of avifauna community response to wildfire in these ecosystems do not always follow expected patterns and may be dictated by variable causes.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with COVID- 19 on Veno-Venous Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Khorsandi Maziar , Keenan Jeffrey , Adcox Mackenzie , Tabesh Ariyan , Badulak Jenelle , Pal Jay , Mulligan Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective, but highly resource intensive salvage treatment option in COVID patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a known sequelae of COVID-19 induced ARDS, yet there is a paucity of data on the incidence and determinants of RV dysfunction on VV ECMO. We retrospectively examined the determining factors leading to RV failure and means of early identification of this phenomenon in patients on VV ECMO. Methods: The data was extracted from March 2020 to March 2021 from the regional University of Washington Extracorporeal Life Support database. The inclusion criteria included patients >18 years of age with diagnosis of COVID-19. All had already been intubated and mechanically ventilated prior to VV ECMO deployment. Univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors and surrogate markers for RV dysfunction. In addition, we compared outcomes between those with and without RV dysfunction. Results: Of the 33 patients that met inclusion criteria, 14 (42%) had echocardiographic evidence of RV dysfunction, 3 of whom were placed on right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support. Chronic lung disease was an independent risk factor for RV dysfunction (p=0.0002). RV dysfunction was associated with a six-fold increase in troponin I (0.07 ng/ml vs 0.44 ng/ml, p=0.039) and four-fold increase in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (158 pg/ml vs 662 pg/ml, p=0.037). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, 21% vs 43%, p=0.005) and pulmonary embolism (PE, 11% vs 21%, p=0.045) were found to be nearly twice as common in the RV dysfunction group. Total survival rate to hospital discharge was 39%. Data trended towards shorter duration of hospital stay (47 vs. 65.6 days, p=0.15), shorter duration of ECMO support (21 days vs 36 days, p=0.06) and improved survival rate to hospital discharge (42.1% vs. 35.7%, p=0.47) for those with intact RV function compared to the RV dysfunction group. Conclusions: RV dysfunction in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in common. Trends of troponin I and BNP may be important surrogates for monitoring RV function in patients on VV ECMO. We recommend echocardiographic assessment of the RV on such patients.
Searching for migration: Estimating Japanese migration to Europe with Google Trends data
Authors: Leysen Bert , Verhaeghe Pieter-Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent research, Google Trends data has been identified as a potentially useful data source to complement or even replace otherwise traditional data for predicting migration flows. However, the research on this is in its infancy, and as of yet suffers from a distinctive Western bias both in the topics covered as in the applicability of the methods. To examine its wider utility, this paper evaluates the predictive potential of Google Trends data, which captures Google search frequencies, but applies it to the case of Japanese migration flows to Europe. By doing so, we focus on some of the specific challenging aspects of the Japanese language, such as its various writing systems, and of its migration flows, characterized by its relative stability and sometimes limit size. In addition, this research investigates to what extent Google Trends data can be used to empirically test theory in the form of the aspirations and (cap)ability approach. The results show that after careful consideration, this method has the potential to reach satisfactory predictions, but that there are many obstacles to overcome. As such, sufficient care and prior investigation are paramount when attempting this method for less straightforward cases, and additional studies need to address some of the key limitations more in detail to validate or annul some of the findings presented here.
The Attitude and Pattern of Antibiotics prescription among Yemeni Dentists and their relation with the Emergence of Bacterial Resistance
Authors: Ibrahim Doa'a Anwar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: misuse of antibiotics among prescribers may accompany the increase in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the attitude and pattern of antibiotics prescription regarding the type, duration of antibiotics based on evidence-practice guidelines. Besides that, to assess the attitude of dentists toward antibiotic resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional structured and validated questionnaire addressing demographic, educational, and professional data. It also measured their attitude regarding antibiotics prescription, prophylaxis, and their uses in special populations. Analyses used descriptive statistics, and bivariate analysis to observe predictors of higher knowledge. Results: The reported average of antibiotics prescriptions per week was 11.67 in the present study, which agrees with the study conducted in Lebanon but higher than the outcomes of other studies, especially in developed countries. There are no significant changes regards the gender of prescribers. Amoxicillin was the most popular antibiotic prescribed by dentists in the present work (36%). The prime determinant to select antibiotics is the availability of commercial items (40%). There is a misconception and low knowledge among participants about the duration and alternatives of the antibiotic used in pregnancy. Most dentists are aware of antibiotic resistance (85%). Conclusion: the outcomes of the present study showed that there is an over-prescription of antibiotics among Yemeni dentists compared with other countries. This may correlate with the emergence of resistance and difficulty to treat just simple dental infections.
Experimental Study of Wear in Direct Lines of Pneumatic Conveying of Granular materials
Authors: Javidnia M.D Mohammad , Abdollahpour shamsollah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pneumatic conveying is a suitable way conveying of particles. It costs several dollars to equip pneumatic conveying systems. One of the main problems in the pneumatic conveying system is the wear of the conveying lines. The mechanism of wear experiment was designed at the University of Tabriz. This paper investigates the wear on conveying lines and how to reduce it. The results and analysis of the experiments showed that SS 410 is the best among AA6063, SS 310, and SS 304 alloys. SS 410 has higher abrasion resistance. Higher conveying velocity has a significant effect on the wear rate. When the mass flow rate is increasing, the abrasion resistance of the conveying line is dependent on time. From the three granular particles, the abrasion behavior of wheat grain and barley are similar.