bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Testing Object-Based Environment Perception for Safe Automated Driving
Authors: Hoss Michael , Scholtes Maike , Eckstein Lutz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSafety assurance of automated driving systems must consider uncertain environment perception. This paper reviews literature addressing how perception testing is realized as part of safety assurance. The paper focuses on testing for verification and validation purposes at the interface between perception and planning, and structures the analysis along the three axes (1) test criteria and metrics, (2) test scenarios, and (3) reference data. Furthermore, the analyzed literature includes related safety standards, safety-independent perception algorithm benchmarking, and sensor modeling. It is found that the realization of safety-oriented perception testing remains an open issue since challenges concerning the three testing axes and their interdependencies currently do not appear to be sufficiently solved.
Identifying individual ungulates from fecal DNA: a comparison of field collection methods to maximize efficiency, ease, and success
Authors: Bach Bryan H. , Quigley Ashling B. , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , McInturff Alex , Charles Kristin L. , Dorcy Janelle , Brashares Justin S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon-invasive genetic sampling can facilitate the identification of individual animals across a landscape, with applications to management and conservation. Fecal material is a readily available source of DNA, and various methods exist for collecting fecal samples for DNA preservation. In particular, swab methods offer considerable promise, but their utility in real-world field contexts remains relatively untested. We systematically compared multiple genetic fecal sampling methods across all stages of data collection and analysis, including sampling in the field, DNA extraction in the lab, and identification of individuals using microsatellite genotyping. We collected 112 fecal samples from black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in the field in Mendocino County, California, across a range of sample conditions of unknown age. We systematically compared the efficiency, ease, and genotyping success of three methods for field collection and storage of ungulate fecal samples: whole pellets in ethanol, whole dry pellets in paper envelopes, and cotton swabs in buffer. Storage method, sample condition, and their interaction predicted genotyping success in the top binomial GLMMs. We found that swabbing pellets resulted in the greatest percentage of individually identifiable genotypes (81%, compared to 60% for dry samples and 56% for ethanol), despite lower DNA concentrations. While swabbing pellets requires a greater time investment in the field, the samples are easier and safer to store and transport, and subsequent labwork is more efficient as compared to whole-pellet collection methods. We, therefore, recommend the swab method for most contexts. We provide additional recommendations and field protocols based on subsequent collection of 2284 swab samples for a larger monitoring study of the deer population, given that this large number of samples spanned a range of sample conditions and time spent in storage.
Fatty acid composition of milk from mothers giving birth at extremely low gestation in Sweden
Authors: Sjöbom Ulrika , Cismaan Osman , Hansen-Pupp Ingrid , Wackernagel Dirk , Sävman Karin , Hellström Ann , Nilsson Anders K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Preterm infants show postnatal deficits of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) which are essential for adequate growth and neurodevelopment. Human milk is a primary source of fatty acids (FAs) for the preterm infant, and therefore, knowledge about milk FA levels is required to design appropriate supplementation strategies. Here, we expanded on our previous study (Nilsson et al., 2018, Acta Paediatrica, 107, 1020–1027) determining FA composition in milk obtained from mothers of extremely low gestational age (<28 weeks) infants on three occasions during lactation. There was a clear difference in FA composition in milk collected at Day 7 and milk collected at postmenstrual weeks (PMW) 32 or PMW 40. Notably, the proportion of LCPUFAs was low and declined significantly during milk maturation. These results strengthen previous data that the content of FAs required by the preterm infant is not supplied in sufficient amounts when the mother’s own milk is the sole source of these essential nutrients.
Overgroups of regular unipotent elements in reductive groups
Authors: Bate Michael , Martin Benjamin , Röhrle Gerhard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study reductive subgroups H of a reductive linear algebraic group G – possibly nonconnected – such that H contains a regular unipotent element of G. We show that under suitable hypotheses, such subgroups are G-irreducible in the sense of Serre. This generalises results of Malle, Testerman and Zalesski. We obtain analogous results for Lie algebras and for finite groups of Lie type. Our proofs are short, conceptual and uniform.
AlepPBP2, but not AlepPBP3, may involve in the recognition of sex pheromones and maize volatiles inAthetis lepigone
Authors: Yang Hui-Hui , Xu Ji-Wei , Zhang Xiao-Qing , Huang Jian-Rong , Li Lu-Lu , Yao Wei-Chen , Zhao Pan-Pan , Zhang Dong , Liu Jia-Yi , Dewer Youssef , Zhu Xiu-Yun , Li Xiao-Ming , Zhang Ya-Nan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAthetis lepigoneMöschler (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) is a common maize pest in Europe and Asia. However, there is no long-term effective management strategy is available yet to suppress its population. Adults rely heavily on olfactory cues to locate their optimal host plants and oviposition sites. Pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are believed to be responsible for recognizing and transporting different odorant molecules to interact with receptor membrane proteins. In this study, the ligand-binding specificities of two AlepPBPs (AlepPBP2 and AlepPBP3) for sex pheromone components and host plant (maize) volatiles were measured by fluorescence ligand-binding assay. The results demonstrated that AlepPBP2 had a high affinity with two pheromones [(Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, Ki = 1.11 ± 0.1μM, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, Ki = 1.32 ± 0.15μM] and ten plant volatiles, including (-)-limonene,α-pinene, myrcene, linalool, benzaldehyde, nonanal, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, 2-heptanone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. In contrast, we found that none of these chemicals could bind to AlepPBP3. Our results clearly show no significant differences in the functional characterization of the binding properties between AlepPBP2 and AlepPBP3 to sex pheromones and host plant volatiles. Furthermore, molecular docking was employed for further detail on some crucial amino acid residues involved in the ligand-binding of AlepPBP2. These findings will provide valuable information about the potential protein binding sites necessary for protein-ligand interactions which appear as attractive targets for the development of novel technologies and management strategies for insect pests.
The winner takes it all: dominance ofCalicophoron daubneyi(Digenea: Paramphistomidae) among flukes in Central European beef cattle
Authors: Červená Barbora , Anettová Lucia , Nosková Eva , Pafčo Barbora , Pšenková Ilona , Javorská Kristýna , Příhodová Pavla , Ježková Jana , Václavek Petr , Malát Kamil , Modrý David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Europe, paramphistomosis caused byParamphistomumspp. was historically regarded as being of minor importance. However,Calicophoron daubneyihas recently been recognized as an emerging pathogen in Europe due to its increasing prevalence and negative impact on livestock production. In search for paramphistomid flukes, 5573 beef cattle fecal samples from 115 farms across the whole Czech Republic were examined from March 2019 to June 2021. The eggs of paramphistomid flukes were identified in 29.9% of samples. Internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences from 90 adult flukes and 125 fecal samples collected across Czech Republic confirmedC. daubneyiinfection in the Czech beef cattle. Ninety mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained from adultC. daubneyispecimens revealed 13 individual haplotypes, two of them recorded for the first time. AlthoughC. daubneyiis a new parasite in beef cattle herds in the Czechia, it clearly dominates the parasitological findings in the country's beef cattle. The common occurrence ofC. daubneyiin most of the beef cattle herds indicates environmental conditions suitable also for the life cycle ofFasciola hepaticaand risk of its emergence.
Negative symptoms in First-Episode Schizophrenia related to morphometric alterations in orbitofrontal and superior temporal cortex: the OPTiMiSE study
Authors: Demjaha Arsime , Galderisi Silvana , Glenthøj Birthe , Arango Celso , Mucci Armida , Lawrence Andrew , O'Daly Owen , Kempton Matthew , Ciufolini Simone , Baandrup Lone , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Rodriguez-Jimenez Roberto , Diaz-Marsa Maria , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga Martinez , Winter van Rossum Inge , Kahn Rene , Dazzan Paola , McGuire Philip 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNegative symptoms are one of the most incapacitating features of Schizophrenia but their pathophysiology remains unclear. They have been linked to alterations in grey matter in several brain regions, but findings have been inconsistent. This may reflect the investigation of relatively small patient samples, and the confounding effects of chronic illness and exposure to antipsychotic medication. We sought to address these issues by investigating concurrently grey matter volumes (GMV) and cortical thickness (CTh) in a large sample of antipsychotic-naïve or minimally treated patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia (FES).MethodsT1-weighted structural MRI brain scans were acquired from 180 antipsychotic-naïve or minimally treated patients recruited as part of the OPTiMiSE study. The sample was stratified into subgroups with (N = 88) or without (N = 92) Prominent Negative Symptoms (PMN), based on PANSS ratings at presentation. Regional GMV and CTh in the two groups were compared using Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) and FreeSurfer (FS). Between-group differences were corrected for multiple comparisons via Family-Wise Error (FWE) and Monte Carlo z-field simulation respectively at p < 0.05 (2-tailed).ResultsThe presence of PMN symptoms was associated with larger left inferior orbitofrontal volume (p = 0.03) and greater CTh in the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus (p = 0.007), but reduced CTh in the left superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.009).ConclusionsThe findings highlight the role of orbitofrontal and temporal cortices in the pathogenesis of negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. As they were evident in generally untreated FEP patients, the results are unlikely to be related to effects of previous treatment or illness chronicity.
“Democracy Is Always Going to Be Hard”: An Interview with Charles Taylor
Authors: Costa Paolo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis interview with the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor was designed and realized to celebrate his ninetieth birthday in November 2021. The interview touches on all the main themes of Taylor's oeuvre, from his view of philosophy to the inherent link between human intelligence and strong evaluations, from the Immanent Frame to postsecularity, from today's democratic crisis to the 1980s debate between liberals and communitarians, from Xi Jinping's China to the global health emergency, from spirituality to Philosophical Romanticism. It is both a hindsight analysis by a first-class thinker and a glance into the future by an incurable optimist.
Disturbance observer-based robust fixed-time integrated trajectory tracking control for space manipulator
Authors: Yao Qijia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the fixed-time trajectory tracking control of a free-flying rigid space manipulator perturbed by model uncertainties and external disturbances. A novel robust fixed-time integrated controller is developed by integrating a nominal fixed-time proportional–differential-like controller with a fixed-time disturbance observer. It is strictly proved that the proposed controller can ensure the position and velocity tracking errors regulate to zero in fixed time even subject to lumped disturbance. Benefiting from the feedforward compensation, the proposed controller has the strong robustness and excellent disturbance attenuation capability. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control approach are validated through simulations and comparisons.
Antibiotic prescribing across age groups in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population in association with different diagnoses, and with influenza incidence, 2010–2018
Authors: Goldstein Edward , Fireman Bruce H. , Klein Nicola P. , Lipsitch Marc , Ray G. Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is limited information on the volume of antibiotic prescribing that is influenza-associated, resulting from influenza infections and their complications (such as streptococcal pharyngitis and otitis media). Here, we estimated age/diagnosis-specific proportions of antibiotic prescriptions (fills) for the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population during 2010–2018 that were influenza-associated. The proportion of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing among all antibiotic prescribing was higher in children aged 5–17 years compared to children aged under 5 years, ranging from 1.4% [95% CI (0.7–2.1)] in aged <1 year to 2.7% (1.9–3.4) in aged 15–17 years. For adults aged over 20 years, the proportion of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing among all antibiotic prescribing was lower, ranging from 0.7% (0.5–1) for aged 25–29 years to 1.6% (1.2–1.9) for aged 60–64 years. Most of the influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing in children aged under 10 years was for ear infections, while for age groups over 25 years, 45–84% of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing was for respiratory diagnoses without a bacterial indication. This suggests a modest benefit of increasing influenza vaccination coverage for reducing antibiotic prescribing, as well as the potential benefit of other measures to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for respiratory diagnoses with no bacterial indication in persons aged over 25 years, both of which may further contribute to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance.
Aortic migration of Amplatzer Piccolo™ ductal Occluder
Authors: Minocha Prashant K. , Sutton Nicole , Crawford Maya T. , Williams David , Ramirez Michelle , Chakravarti Sujata , Mosca Ralph , Kumar T. K. Susheel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present the case of a 4-month-old, former 23-week premature baby who underwent patent ductus arteriosus device closure in the cardiac catheterisation lab with an Amplatzer Piccolo™ device at 12 weeks of life. This was complicated by late migration of the device into the aorta resulting in severe obstruction and requiring surgical intervention.
Telehealth services for cardiac neurodevelopmental care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a site survey from the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative
Authors: Kasparian Nadine A. , Sadhwani Anjali , Sananes Renee , Blumenfeld Elizabeth , Butcher Jennifer L. , Cassidy Adam R. , Cox Stephany M. , Kenowitz Joslyn , Miller Thomas A. , Sanz Jacqueline H. , Wolfe Kelly R. , Ilardi Dawn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:COVID-19 has markedly impacted the provision of neurodevelopmental care. In response, the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative established a Task Force to assess the telehealth practices of cardiac neurodevelopmental programmes during COVID-19, including adaptation of services, test protocols and interventions, and perceived obstacles, disparities, successes, and training needs.Study Design:A 47-item online survey was sent to 42 Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative member sites across North America within a 3-week timeframe (22 July to 11 August 2020) to collect cross-sectional data on practices.Results:Of the 30 participating sites (71.4% response rate), all were providing at least some clinical services at the time of the survey and 24 sites (80%) reported using telehealth. All but one of these sites were offering new telehealth services in response to COVID-19, with the most striking change being the capacity to offer new intervention services for children and their caregivers. Only a third of sites were able to carry out standardised, performance-based, neurodevelopmental testing with children and adolescents using telehealth, and none had completed comparable testing with infants and toddlers. Barriers associated with language, child ability, and access to technology were identified as contributing to disparities in telehealth access.Conclusions:Telehealth has enabled continuation of at least some cardiac neurodevelopmental services during COVID-19, despite the challenges experienced by providers, children, families, and health systems. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative provides a unique platform for sharing challenges and successes across sites, as we continue to shape an evidence-based, efficient, and consistent approach to the care of individuals with CHD.
Collectively playable wearable music: Practice-situated approaches to participatory relational inquiry
Authors: Thorn Seth D. , Willcox Halley L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present two practice-situated participatory investigations using networked wearable sensors to develop movement-responsive collectively playable musical instruments: a series of four collocated workshops for expert dancers and a distance learning course in which students use wearable technology to enhance embodied learning and feelings of connectedness telematically. We reflect on our exploration of techniques for structuring ensemble improvisations augmented with bespoke digital musical instruments using aggregate statistical measures, such as variance of participants’ physical orientation as an index of group intention. Participatory design exchanges top-down design methodologies with bottom-up approaches consulting actors’ interests. We follow this approach by evolving our instruments through abductive experiments and trial-and-error tinkering, without strong theories, methods, or models, using elementary signal processing techniques that are meaningfully understood and modified by participants. Our experiences suggest useful scaffolding techniques for educational transdisciplinary research-creation communities seeking to explore relational ensemble dynamics in telematic and/or physically collocated settings using accessible wearable technologies. Through creative inquiry and participation, technical objects can become bearers of sense and meaning rather than instating mystifying or alienating relations for the participants.
Foreshock Activity Promoted by Locally Elevated Loading Rate on a 4‐m‐Long Laboratory Fault
Authors: Yamashita F. , Fukuyama E. , Xu S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report laboratory experimental results to reveal the factors that control the occurrence and magnitude of foreshocks. We conducted rock friction experiments using an apparatus that can shear 4‐m‐long rock specimens. We observed many stick‐slip events, as well as very slow (several tens of μm/s) but long‐lasting slips between those main events. These long‐term slow slips individually initiated from both the leading and trailing edges of the fault, and kept propagating steadily toward each other. Such steady slips did not immediately trigger any seismic events, regardless of the accumulated slip amount. After the coalescence of the two long‐term slow slip fronts, a second phase of slow slip with higher slip rate (several hundreds of μm/s)—called precursory slow slip, began at the central area and was accompanied by the occurrence of small seismic events (foreshocks). Subsequently, the main fast rupture eventually developed. We propose that the asperities that hosted foreshocks had similar size to the local critical nucleation length; the asperities slipped stably when the local loading rate was low, but could also slip unstably and radiated seismic waves when the local loading rate became high. We further found a clear positive correlation between foreshock magnitude and local slip rate. These results suggest that local loading rate has a significant influence on the occurrence and magnitude of foreshocks. Therefore, its effect should be taken into account during the studies of earthquake nucleation process and other similar phenomena such as Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS), icequakes, and repeating earthquakes.
Human α-synuclein overexpression in mouse serotonin neurons triggers a depressive-like phenotype. Rescue by oligonucleotide therapy
Authors: Miquel-Rio Lluis , Alarcón-Arís Diana , Torres-López María , Cóppola-Segovia Valentín , Pavia-Collado Rubén , Paz Verónica , Ruiz-Bronchal Esther , Campa Leticia , Casal Carme , Montefeltro Andrés , Vila Miquel , Artigas Francesc , Revilla Raquel , Bortolozzi Analia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnxiety and depression affect 35–50% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), often precede the onset of motor symptoms, and have a negative impact on their quality of life. Dysfunction of the serotonergic (5-HT) system, which regulates mood and emotional pathways, occurs during the premotor phase of PD and contributes to a variety of non-motor symptoms. Furthermore, α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates were identified in raphe nuclei in the early stages of the disease. However, there are very few animal models of PD-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we develop a new mouse model of α-synucleinopathy in the 5-HT system that mimics prominent histopathological and neuropsychiatric features of human PD. We showed that adeno-associated virus (AAV5)-induced overexpression of wild-type human α-Syn (h-α-Syn) in raphe 5-HT neurons triggers progressive accumulation, phosphorylation, and aggregation of h-α-Syn protein in the 5-HT system. Specifically, AAV5-injected mice displayed axonal impairment in the output brain regions of raphe neurons, and deficits in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and 5-HT neurotransmission, resulting in a depressive-like phenotype. Intracerebroventricular treatment with an indatraline-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (IND-ASO) for four weeks induced an effective and safe reduction of h-α-Syn synthesis in 5-HT neurons and its accumulation in the forebrain, alleviating early deficits of 5-HT function and improving the behavioural phenotype. Altogether, our findings show that α-synucleinopathy in 5-HT neurons negatively affects brain circuits that control mood and emotions, resembling the expression of neuropsychiatric symptoms occurring at the onset of PD. Early preservation of 5-HT function by reducing α-Syn synthesis/accumulation may alleviate PD-related depressive symptoms.