bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of autonomous and endocrine factors in immunotropic effects of nitrogenous metabolites in patients with chronic pyelonephritis
Authors: Kuchma Igor , Korda Mykhaylo , Klishch Mykola , Popovych Dariya , Żukow Xawery , Popovych Igor 
Published: September 2022

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects in healthy rats and humans as well as patients with dysfunction of neuroendocrine-immune complex, encephalopatia and chronic pyelonephritis. The purpose of this study is clarification of the role of neuro-endocrine factors in their immunotropic activity in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were 17 men (aged 24-70 years) with chronic pyelonephritis in remission. The plasma levels and urinary excretion of nitrogenous metabolites as well as parameters of immunity and its neuro-endocrine regulation twice (on admission and after balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ Spa) was performed. Results. Judging by the multiple correlation coefficient, uricosuria exhibits maximal neuro-endocrine activity (R=0,780), followed by bilirubinemia (R=0,742), creatinineuria (R=0,692), uricemia (R=0,636), creatinineemia (R=0,632), urea excretion (R=0,536), instead urea plasma correlate with neuro-endocrine parameters insignificantly (R=0,360). Nitrogenous metabolites together determine the state of neuro-endocrine regulation by 94,2%, which, in turn, determine the state of immunity by 99,9%. Conclusion. Nitrogenous metabolites carry out immunomodulation in different ways: directly through aryl hydrocarbon (bilirubin), toll-like and adenosine (uric acid) receptors of immunocytes; through modulation of the activity of neurons of the autonomous nervous system and endocrinocytes with subsequent neuro-endocrine immunomodulation; and also, apparently, due to an off-receptor effect on neurons, endocrinocytes and immunocytes (urea and creatinine).
Irritable bowel syndrome - pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment. The role of low FODMAP diet
Authors: Gąbka Ilona , Dalmata Weronika , Dąbrowski Jan , Szarpak Julita , Lipiec Marta 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The gut microbiota is the microorganisms in the digestive tract. They are mainly bacteria. They play a very important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. The state of the microbiota is influenced by lifestyle including diet, stress and physical activity. In irritable bowel syndrome, there are disorders in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. It is also associated with a disruption in the proper functioning of the gut-brain axis.
Aim: The aim of this study was to review the literature reports on irritable bowel syndrome and the impact of a low FODMAP diet.
Methods: Data for the article were retrieved using PubMed setting the time descriptors to 2017-2021.
Results and conclusions: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disease. It is manifested by chronic abdominal pain , diarrhea or constipation and changes in the frequency of bowel movements. It significantly affects the quality of life of patients. The diagnosis uses the Roman IV criteria. Pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological methods are important in the treatment. A low-FODMAP diet plays a major role. Studies show that its proper use significantly alleviates the symptoms of IBS.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection induces gut dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Hai Nguyen Thi , Hongsrichan Nuttanan , Intuyod Kitti , Pinlaor Porntip , Yingklang Manachai , Chaidee Apisit , Pongking Thatsanapong , Anutrakulchai Sirirat , Cha’on Ubon , Pinlaor Somchai 
Published: September 2022

Background
Strongyloides stercoralis infection typically causes severe symptoms in immunocompromised patients. This infection can also alter the gut microbiota and is often found in areas where chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common. However, the relationship between S. stercoralis and the gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not understood fully. Recent studies have shown that gut dysbiosis plays an important role in the progression of CKD. Hence, this study aims to investigate the association of S. stercoralis infection and gut microbiome in CKD patients.

Methodology/Principal findings
Among 838 volunteers from Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand, 40 subjects with CKD were enrolled and divided into two groups (S. stercoralis-infected and -uninfected) matched for age, sex and biochemical parameters. Next-generation technology was used to amplify and sequence the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to provide a profile of the gut microbiota. Results revealed that members of the S. stercoralis-infected group had lower gut microbial diversity than was seen in the uninfected group. Interestingly, there was significantly greater representation of some pathogenic bacteria in the S. stercoralis-infected CKD group, including Escherichia-Shigella (P = 0.013), Rothia (P = 0.013) and Aggregatibacter (P = 0.03). There was also a trend towards increased Actinomyces, Streptococcus and Haemophilus (P > 0.05) in this group. On the other hand, the S. stercoralis-infected CKD group had significantly lower representation of SCFA-producing bacteria such as Anaerostipes (P = 0.01), Coprococcus_1 (0.043) and a non-significant decrease of Akkermansia, Eubacterium rectale and Eubacterium hallii (P > 0.05) relative to the uninfected group. Interesting, the genera Escherichia-Shigella and Anaerostipes exhibited opposing trends, which were significantly related to sex, age, infection status and CKD stages. The genus Escherichia-Shigella was significantly more abundant in CKD patients over the age of 65 years and infected with S. stercoralis. A correlation analysis showed inverse moderate correlation between the abundance of the genus of Escherichia-Shigella and the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Conclusions/Significance
Conclusion, the results suggest that S. stercoralis infection induced gut dysbiosis in the CKD patients, which might be involved in CKD progression.
Development, feasibility and potential effectiveness of community-based continuous mass dog vaccination delivery strategies: Lessons for optimization and replication
Authors: Duamor Christian Tetteh , Hampson Katie , Lankester Felix , Lugelo Ahmed , Mpolya Emmanuel , Kreppel Katharina , Cleaveland Sarah , Wyke Sally 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Dog vaccination can eliminate rabies in dogs, but annual delivery strategies do not sustain vaccination coverage between campaigns. We describe the development of a community-based continuous mass dog vaccination (CBC-MDV) approach designed to improve and maintain vaccination coverage in Tanzania and examine the feasibility of delivering this approach as well as lessons for its optimization.

Methods
We developed three delivery strategies of CBC-MDV and tested them against the current annual vaccination strategy following the UK Medical Research Council’s guidance: i) developing an evidence-based theoretical framework of intervention pathways and ii) piloting to test feasibility and inform optimization. For our process evaluation of CBC-MDV we collected data using non-participant observations, meeting reports and implementation audits and in-depth interviews, as well as household surveys of vaccination coverage to assess potential effectiveness. We analyzed qualitative data thematically and quantitative data descriptively.

Results
The final design included delivery by veterinary teams supported by village-level one health champions. In terms of feasibility, we found that less than half of CBC-MDV’s components were implemented as planned. Fidelity of delivery was influenced by the strategy design, implementer availability and appreciation of value intervention components, and local environmental and socioeconomic events (e.g. elections, funerals, school cycles). CBC-MDV activities decreased sharply after initial campaigns, partly due to lack of supervision. Community engagement and involvement was not strong. Nonetheless, the CBC-MDV approaches achieved vaccination coverage above the critical threshold (40%) all-year-round. CBC-MDV components such as identifying vaccinated dogs, which village members work as one health champions and how provision of continuous vaccination is implemented need further optimization prior to scale up.

Interpretation
CBC-MDV is feasible to deliver and can achieve good vaccination coverage. Community involvement in the development of CBC-MDV, to better tailor components to contextual situations, and improved supervision of activities are likely to improve vaccination coverage in future.
Delayed detection of leprosy cases: A systematic review of healthcare-related factors
Authors: Dharmawan Yudhy , Fuady Ahmad , Korfage Ida J. , Richardus Jan Hendrik 
Published: September 2022

Background
In new leprosy cases, grade 2 disability (G2D) is still a public health burden worldwide. It is often associated with the delayed leprosy diagnoses that healthcare systems should play a crucial role in preventing. The aim of this systematic review was to identify healthcare factors related to delays in case detection in leprosy.

Methods
PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) was used as a guideline in this research. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) with reference code CRD42020189274. Data was collected from five electronic databases: Embase, Medline All Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the WHO Global Health Library.

Results
After applying the selection criteria for original empirical studies, and after removing duplicates, we included 20 papers from 4313 records. They had been conducted in ten countries and published between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2021. We identified three categories of healthcare factors related to delayed case. 1) Structural factors, such as i) financial and logistic issues, and geographical circumstances (which we classified as barriers); ii) Health service organization and management including the level of decentralization (classified as facilitators). 2) Health service factors, such as problems or shortages involving referral centers, healthcare personnel, and case-detection methods. 3) Intermediate factors, such as misdiagnosis, higher numbers of consultations before diagnosis, and inappropriate healthcare services visited by people with leprosy.

Conclusions
Delays in leprosy case detection are due mainly to misdiagnosis. It is crucial to improve the training and capacity of healthcare staff. To avoid misdiagnosis and reduce detection delays, national leprosy control programs should ensure the sustainability of leprosy control within integrated health services.
MiR-31 improves spinal cord injury in mice by promoting the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Cao Lili , Du Ruochen , Tian Feng , Li Xiao , Yuan Yitong , Wang Chunfang 
Published: September 2022

Background
Stem cell transplantation therapy is a potential approach for the repair of spinal cord injuries and other neurodegenerative diseases, but its effectiveness is hampered by the low rate of targeted migration of cells to the area of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of miR-31 on the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the regulation of MMP-2 and CXCR4 expression in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
eGFP-expressing BMSCs were isolated and cultured for subsequent experiments. The experiments were divided into three groups: control group, miR-31agomir group, and miR-31antagomir group. Proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry; cell migration in vitro was analyzed using wound-healing and transwell assays. The mouse SCI model was prepared by the impact method, and cells were transplanted (3 groups, 12 per group). Relevant inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The BMS score was used to evaluate the functional recovery of the mouse spinal cord and the frozen section was used to analyze the cell migration ability in vivo. The in vitro and in vivo expression levels of MMP-2 and CXCR4 were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.

Results
In vitro experiments showed that cells in the miR-31agomir group exhibited enhanced cell proliferation (P<0.05, P<0.001) and migration (P<0.001) and upregulated protein expression levels of CXCR4 (P<0.01) and MMP-2 (P<0.001) compared with cells in the control group. The results of in vivo experiments showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory factors was reduced after cell transplantation treatment. Cells in the miR-31agomir group showed enhanced cell-targeted migration ability (P<0.001), improved the function of damaged tissues (P<0.001), and upregulated CXCR4 and MMP-2 expression compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Our experiment demonstrated that miR-31 could promote the migration of BMSCs and miR-31 could repair and improve the function of damaged tissues in SCI.
Visual assessment of interactions among resuscitation activity factors in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest using a machine learning model
Authors: Kawai Yasuyuki , Okuda Hirozumi , Kinoshita Arisa , Yamamoto Koji , Miyazaki Keita , Takano Keisuke , Asai Hideki , Urisono Yasuyuki , Fukushima Hidetada 
Published: September 2022

Aim
The evaluation of the effects of resuscitation activity factors on the outcome of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) requires consideration of the interactions among these factors. To improve OHCA success rates, this study assessed the prognostic interactions resulting from simultaneously modifying two prehospital factors using a trained machine learning model.

Methods
We enrolled 8274 OHCA patients resuscitated by emergency medical services (EMS) in Nara prefecture, Japan, with a unified activity protocol between January 2010 and December 2018; patients younger than 18 and those with noncardiogenic cardiopulmonary arrest were excluded. Next, a three-layer neural network model was constructed to predict the cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 at one month based on 24 features of prehospital EMS activity. Using this model, we evaluated the prognostic impact of continuously and simultaneously varying the transport time and the defibrillation or drug-administration time in the test data based on heatmaps.

Results
The average class sensitivity of the prognostic model was more than 0.86, with a full area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.94 (95% confidence interval of 0.92–0.96). By adjusting the two time factors simultaneously, a nonlinear interaction was obtained between the two adjustments, instead of a linear prediction of the outcome.

Conclusion
Modifications to the parameters using a machine-learning-based prognostic model indicated an interaction among the prognostic factors. These findings could be used to evaluate which factors should be prioritized to reduce time in the trained region of machine learning in order to improve EMS activities.
Geographic proximity to primary care providers as a risk-assessment criterion for quality performance measures
Authors: Bell Nathaniel , Lòpez-De Fede Ana , Cai Bo , Brooks John 
Published: September 2022

Importance
Previous studies have found a mixed association between Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) designation and improvements in primary care quality indicators, including avoidable pediatric emergency department (ED) encounters. Whether these associations persist after accounting for the geographic locations of providers relative to where patients reside is unknown.

Objective
To examine the association between geographic proximity to primary care providers versus hospitals and risk of avoidable and potentially avoidable ED visits among children with pre-existing diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or asthma.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of a panel of pediatric Medicaid claims data from the South Carolina from 2016–2018 for 2,959 beneficiaries having a pre-existing diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD, ages 6–12) and 6,390 beneficiaries with asthma (MMA, ages 5–18), as defined using Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures. We calculated differences in avoidable and potentially avoidable ED visits by the beneficiary’s PCMH attribution type and in relation to differences in proximity to their primary care providers versus hospitals. Outcomes were defined using the New York University Emergency Department Algorithm (NYU-EDA). Differences in ED visit risk were assessed using generalized estimation equations and compared using marginal effects models.

Results
The 2.4 percentage point reduction in risk of avoidable ED visits among children in the ADD cohort who attended a PCMH versus those who did not increased to 3.9 to 7.2 percentage points as relative proximity to primary care providers versus hospitals improved (p < 0.01). Children in the ADD and MMA cohorts that were enrolled in a medical home, but did not attend one for primary care services exhibited a 5.4 and 3.0 percentage point increase in avoidable ED visit compared to children who were unenrolled and did not attend medical homes (p < 0.05), but these differences were only observed when geographic proximity to hospitals was more convenient than primary care providers. Mixed findings were observed for potentially avoidable visits.

Conclusions
In several health care performance evaluations, patient-centered medical homes have not been found to reduce differences in hospital utilization for conditions that are treatable in primary care settings among children with chronic illnesses. Analytical approaches that also consider geographic proximity to health care services can identify performance benefits of medical homes. Expanding risk-adjustment models to also include geographic data would benefit ongoing quality improvement initiatives.
Pre- and postdiagnosis growth failure, adult short stature, and untreated growth hormone deficiency in radiotherapy-treated long-term survivors of childhood brain tumor
Authors: Anttonen Julia , Remes Tiina , Arikoski Pekka , Lähteenmäki Päivi , Arola Mikko , Harila-Saari Arja , Lönnqvist Tuula , Pokka Tytti , Riikonen Pekka , Sirkiä Kirsti , Rantala Heikki , Ojaniemi Marja 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Growth failure is common in radiotherapy-treated long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors, but studies on longitudinal growth in this patient group are lacking. Here, the aim was to assess the changes in growth patterns before and after brain tumor diagnosis, the adult height, and the risk factors for compromised growth. The incidence and treatment practices of growth hormone deficiency were analyzed.

Methods
A cohort of 73 survivors of childhood brain tumor (median age 27.2 years, range 16.2 to 43.8 years) was studied after a median follow-up period of 20.4 years from diagnosis (IQR 14.9 to 22.9 years). Patients were treated in five university hospitals in Finland between 1970 and 2008. Growth curves, final height, and patient- and disease-related risk factors for compromised growth during different growth periods were analyzed. Laboratory analyses for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were performed at the follow-up.

Results
Growth failure was evident at diagnosis, with a mean height decline of -0.6 SDS (standard deviation score) from birth (95% CI -1.15 to -0.05). Mean height SDS decline after the diagnosis was -1.09 SDS (95%CI -1.51 to -0.66). At follow-up, 37% of the study subjects (27/73) had true short stature (height < -2 SDS). The mean height deficit corrected for target height was -1.9 SDS (95% CI -1.45 to -2.40). Growth failure was associated with the age at diagnosis, corticosteroid dose, radiotherapy modality and mean dose of irradiation in the thalamic area. Low IGF-1 level (below -2.0 SDS) was found in 32% (23/72), and untreated growth hormone deficiency in 40% (29/72) of the subjects.

Conclusion
Longitudinal growth impairment was common in radiotherapy-treated survivors of childhood brain tumor, resulting in compromised adult height. Loss of growth potential was evident already at diagnosis and further accelerated by the treatments. At young adulthood, unrecognized growth hormone deficiency was common.
DINAMIKA EKOSISTEM INDUSTRI MUSIK INDONESIA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Hastuti, S.Sos. Puji 
Published: September 2022

Tulisan ini bermaksud menguraikan kehidupan pekerja dalam ekosistem industri musik Indonesia yang mengalami perubahan pada masa Pandemik Covid-19. Ekosistem industri musik yang semula sangat mengandalkan ruang pertemuan fisik dan komunal harus beradaptasi dengan kebijakan pembatasan sosial akibat pandemik. Kondisi tersebut yang menarik perhatian penulis untuk mengamati dinamika kehidupan para pekerja industri musik dalam menghadapi keterbatasan tersebut. Dalam kurun waktu ditetapkannya kebijakan pembatasan sosial hingga adaptasi kebiasaan baru atau dikenal dengan new normal, penulis melakukan pengamatan terhadap kegiatan pekerja industri musik yang ditampilkan dalam beberapa platform media digital. Hasilnya, penulis menemukan geliat para pekerja industri musik Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemik Covid-19 mencakup beberapa aspek berikut: 1) solidaritas komunal, 2) adaptasi kebiasaan, 3) eksplorasi ruang komunal digital, dan 4) masa kontemplasi dan menghasilkan karya baru. Kesimpulan dari hasil temuan tersebut, pandemik Covid-19 telah menumbuhkembangkan kembali semangat komunalitas, meski sekaligus juga menampilkan celah bagi absennya peran negara terhadap jaminan kesejahteraan pekerja industri musik yang layak. Disamping menguatnya ikatan komunalitas pekerja, keterbatasan akibat pandemik justru membuka peluang usaha lain bagi para pekerja industri musik. Terakhir, pandemik Covid-19 dapat menjadi momentum bagi era baru ekosistem industri musik Indonesia dengan kemajuan teknologi pertunjukan digital dan rilisan karya baik audio maupun video yang dapat digarap menggunakan media rekam sederhana dari rumah atau home recording.
Hak-hak Disabilitas di Simpang Jalan: Menyoal Pelindungan Hak Atas Kesehatan di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Limbong Ronny Josua , Rosdianti Yeni 
Published: September 2022

Pembatasan isolasi sosial akibat pandemi COVID-19 sangat berpengaruh terhadap layanan kesehatan, khususnya bagi penyandang disabilitas. Ragam dan kondisi disabilitas tertentu memiliki kerentanan kesehatan, gangguan mental, dan hambatan sosial yang umumnya membutuhkan perawatan dan dukungan kesehatan jangka panjang. Isolasi sosial ini dalam beberapa hal berakibat pada berhentinya layanan kesehatan esensial bagi hak-hak penyandang disabilitas. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memastikan langkah-langkah pelindungan bagi penyandang disabilitas atas layanan perawatan kesehatan dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik unik individu dan kedisabilitasan mereka, khususnya, dalam rangka beradaptasi dengan kebiasaan baru saat ini. Makalah ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka untuk mengeksplorasi dampak COVID-19 terhadap hak atas kesehatan bagi penyandang disabilitas. Telaah ini menyoroti dampak kerugian dari isolasi sosial dan meneliti kemungkinan alternatif untuk mengurangi efek negatif pandemi ini. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa hilangnya layanan esensial sebagai dampak dari pandemi COVID-19 memerlukan penyesuaian-penyesuaian dalam kerangka kebijakan inklusif, evaluasi dan pemantauan lebih lanjut, serta kreativitas yang lebih luas dalam pelaksanaan pelindungan hak atas kesehatan.