bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of glaucoma and associated factors among primary glaucoma patients in Kunming, China
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhong Yun-Long , Chen Qin , Tao Yi-Jin , Yang Wen-Yan , Niu Zhi-Qiang , Zhong Hua , Cun Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices about glaucoma and associated factors among primary glaucoma patients in Kunming, China.MethodsA hospital-based study was conducted on 93 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data after written informed consent. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between knowledge of glaucoma and medication compliance, Mann–Whitney U test was performed to assess the relationship between knowledge of glaucoma and quality of life in patients with glaucoma.P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong 93 patients,55 (59.14%) were aware of glaucoma, 48 (51.61%) had good knowledge of glaucoma, while 45 (48.39%) had poor knowledge. Younger age and duration of glaucoma were associated positively with knowledge of glaucoma. 87 (93.54%) patients got knowledge of their disease from doctors. 79.17% of respondents could use all the anti-glaucoma medications on time, out of which 54.17% had good knowledge of glaucoma while 25.00% had poor knowledge of glaucoma. 30.56% of respondents used to stop anti-glaucoma medications on their own out of which only 9.72% had good knowledge of glaucoma while 20.83% had poor knowledge of glaucoma. Patients with good knowledge of glaucoma had lower scores on the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 questionnaire. Thus, the compliance to anti-glaucoma medications and glaucoma-related quality of life were better in patients with good knowledge.ConclusionsThe level of knowledge of glaucoma among patients in Kunming is relatively low. Improving knowledge with suitable content for patients through effective multiple means such as the mass media rather than relying only on ophthalmologists may be a veritable first step in combating blindness from glaucoma and enhancing patients' quality of life.
The influence of symptom severity of palliative care patients on their family caregivers
Authors: Valero-Cantero Inmaculada , Casals Cristina , Carrión-Velasco Yolanda , Barón-López Francisco Javier , Martínez-Valero Francisco Javier , Vázquez-Sánchez María Ángeles 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study anlyzed whether family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer suffer impaired sleep quality, increased strain, reduced quality of life or increased care burden due to the presence and heightened intensity of symptoms in the person being cared for.

Method
A total of 41 patient-caregiver dyads (41 caregivers and 41 patients with advanced cancer) were recruited at six primary care centres in this cross-sectional study. Data were obtained over a seven-month period. Caregiver’s quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), caregiver’s quality of life (Quality of Life Family Version), caregiver strain (Caregiver Strain Index), patients’ symptoms and their intensity (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System), and sociodemographic, clinical and care-related data variables were assessed. The associations were determined using non-parametric Spearman correlation.

Results
Total Edmonton Symptom Assessment System was significantly related to overall score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (r = 0.365, p = 0.028), the Caregiver Strain Index (r = 0.45, p = 0.005) and total Quality of Life Family Version (r = 0.432, p = 0.009), but not to the duration of daily care (r = -0.152, p = 0.377).

Conclusions
Family caregivers for patients with advanced cancer suffer negative consequences from the presence and intensity of these patients’ symptoms. Therefore, optimising the control of symptoms would benefit not only the patients but also their caregivers. Thus, interventions should be designed to improve the outcomes of patient-caregiver dyads in such cases.
A 6.3 Mb maternally derived microduplication of 20p13p12.2 in a fetus with Brachydactyly type D and related literature review
Authors: Chen Guangquan , Xiong Shiyi , Zou Gang , Wu Fengyu , Qu Xiaoxing , Alawbathani Salem , Sun Luming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
With the introduction of genetic tests such as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES) into fetal medical practices, genotype–phenotype correlations in intrauterine-onset disorders have substantially improved. The BMP2 gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 20 plays a role in bone and cartilage development and is associated with Brachydactyly type A2, an autosomal dominant disease characterized by malformations of the middle phalanx of the index finger and abnormalities of the second toe. However, the BMP2 gene has so far never been reported as a candidate gene for Brachydactyly type D (BDD) affecting only the thumbs.

Methods and
results
Here, we report one family possessing a maternally inherited 6.3 Mb microduplication of 20p13p12.2 including the BMP2 gene with discordant phenotypes between the mother and the fetus. The mother was affected with BDD alongside mild facial dysmorphism and learning difficulties, while the female fetus showed BDD, severe symmetric intrauterine growth restriction combined with oligohydramnios. The CMA and Trio ES tests were implemented. Trio ES ruled out other possible monogenic causes for the family. After reviewing cases and literature with duplications within this genomic region, we found that they are extremely rare and most of the cited cases were too small for comparison. The disturbance of the BMP2 gene could explain BDD, but the other clinical presentations in the mother and fetus are not yet fully understood.

Conclusion
This study provides important evidence for the current understanding of genotype–phenotype association of this 6.3 Mb size duplication in the 20p13p12.2 region. This duplication is a unique CNV occurring so far only in this family. Further cases and research are needed to understand the discordance in the phenotypes between the mother and fetus and establish the relationship between BMP2 gene and BDD.
Composition and yield of non-cellulosic and cellulosic sugars in soluble and particulate fractions during consolidated bioprocessing of poplar biomass by Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Biswal Ajaya K. , Hengge Neal N. , Black Ian M. , Atmodjo Melani A. , Mohanty Sushree S. , Ryno David , Himmel Michael E. , Azadi Parastoo , Bomble Yannick J. , Mohnen Debra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Terrestrial plant biomass is the primary renewable carbon feedstock for enabling transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) by the cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum offers a single step microbial platform for production of biofuels and biochemicals via simultaneous solubilization of carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass and conversion to products. Here, solubilization of cell wall cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and pectic polysaccharides in the liquor and solid residues generated during CBP of poplar biomass by C. thermocellum was analyzed.

Results
The total amount of biomass solubilized in the C. thermocellum DSM1313 fermentation platform was 5.8, 10.3, and 13.7% of milled non-pretreated poplar after 24, 48, and 120 h, respectively. These results demonstrate solubilization of 24% cellulose and 17% non-cellulosic sugars after 120 h, consistent with prior reports. The net solubilization of non-cellulosic sugars by C. thermocellum (after correcting for the uninoculated control fermentations) was 13 to 36% of arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), and glucose (Glc); and 15% and 3% of fucose and glucuronic acid, respectively. No rhamnose was solubilized and 71% of the galacturonic acid (GalA) was solubilized. These results indicate that C. thermocellum may be selective for the types and/or rate of solubilization of the non-cellulosic wall polymers. Xyl, Man, and Glc were found to accumulate in the fermentation liquor at levels greater than in uninoculated control fermentations, whereas Ara and Gal did not accumulate, suggesting that C. thermocellum solubilizes both hemicelluloses and pectins but utilizes them differently. After five days of fermentation, the relative amount of Rha in the solid residues increased 21% indicating that the Rha-containing polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) was not effectively solubilized by C. thermocellum CBP, a result confirmed by immunoassays. Comparison of the sugars in the liquor versus solid residue showed that C. thermocellum solubilized hemicellulosic xylan and mannan, but did not fully utilize them, solubilized and appeared to utilize pectic homogalacturonan, and did not solubilize RG-I.

Conclusions
The significant relative increase in RG-I in poplar solid residues following CBP indicates that C. thermocellum did not solubilize RG-I. These results support the hypothesis that this pectic glycan may be one barrier for efficient solubilization of poplar by C. thermocellum.
Postpartum spontaneous vulvar hematoma as a cause of maternal near miss: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tilahun Temesgen , Wakgari Aaga , Legesse Aschalew , Oljira Rut 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Postpartum spontaneous vulvar hematoma is a rare complication of childbirth that can potentially cause maternal death if not managed properly and in a timely manner.

Case summary
We present the case of maternal near miss secondary to postpartum hemorrhage secondary to vulvar hematoma after home delivery in a 28-year-old para IV mother from rural Ethiopia. The case was surgically managed under spinal analgesia. The mother and her newborn were discharged on the fourth postprocedure day.

Conclusion
Neglected and inappropriately managed postpartum vulvar hematoma can cause significant maternal morbidity; therefore, timely surgical exploration, ligation of bleeding vessels, and obliteration of dead space can avert severe maternal complications
Hopelessness and HIV infection: an exploratory study with a gender-specific perspective
Authors: Nilsson Schönnesson Lena , Ross Michael W. , Garcia-Huidobro Diego , Eriksson Lars E. , Andersson Galit , Williams Mark L. , Ekström Anna-Mia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
An understudied psychological response to HIV-related stressors among people living with HIV is hopelessness. Hopelessness is the expectation that things will not improve and feeling helpless to change one’s current situation. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and levels of hopelessness and its direct and indirect contributors in people living with HIV in Sweden.

Methods
Participants included 967 women and men from the “Living with HIV in Sweden” cross-sectional study with available data regarding hopelessness measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine direct and indirect factors that may contribute to feelings of hopelessness. Path analyses were used to assess the underlying structure of hopelessness. All analyses were conducted by gender.

Results
Almost half the participants reported moderate to severe hopelessness. There were no differences in frequency of feeling hopeless or level of hopelessness by gender or sexual orientation. Dissatisfaction with finances, dissatisfaction with physical health, and low HIV-related emotional support were found to be directly associated with hopelessness for both women and men. Although having some indirect factors in common, unemployment and HIV stigmatization, women and men had different underlying structures of hopelessness.

Conclusions
Our findings are important to HIV clinicians in identifying those at risk of hopelessness from a gender perspective in order to reduce preventable psychological distress among people living with HIV.
Surgical simulation training should become a mandatory part of orthopaedic education
Authors: Seil Romain , Hoeltgen Claude , Thomazeau Hervé , Anetzberger Hermann , Becker Roland 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Ethical concerns and increasing economic constraints of hospitals have caused a reduction in proper training and education. It has been hypothesized that due to the lack of a one-to-one apprenticeship throughout the residency, surgical simulation training is essential.

Methods
Between June 2020 and June 2021, residents from teaching hospitals in Switzerland, France, Germany, and Luxembourg were surveyed to learn about their experience with and thoughts on surgical simulation training. Survey responses were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
Of the 596 residents surveyed, 557 residents (51% female, 49% male) from Switzerland (270), France (214), Germany (52) and Luxembourg (21) agreed to anonymous data analysis. Among those giving consent, 100% considered that simulation training was important for their practical education and 84% thought that simulation training should become a mandatory part of their curriculum, with an average estimated training time of 42 ± 51 h per year, based on the survey.

Conclusions
This study suggests that surgical simulation training is well accepted and even demanded among surgical residents as an alternative training solution able to address some of the limitations and challenges of the current one-to-one apprenticeship model. There is a wide variation among the residents regarding the number of training hours required, underscoring the need for structured performance-based simulator training.
Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the duodenum: a case report
Authors: Sakamoto Shinya , Okabayashi Takehiro , Tabuchi Motoyasu , Sui Kenta , Murokawa Takahiro , Iwata Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAngiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors that arise from the endothelium of blood vessels. They occur most commonly in the skin and soft tissue, and less commonly in the breast, liver, bone, and spleen. Gastrointestinal angiosarcomas are extremely rare. Herein, we present a case of duodenal epithelioid angiosarcoma that was treated with surgical resection.Case presentationA 68-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of fatigue and hypotension. He visited the outpatient clinic for a routine follow-up. Laboratory examination revealed anemia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed multiple duodenal lesions with central ulceration. A biopsy showed a sheet-like arrangement of large round and spindle-shaped tumor cells that were positive for CD31. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical staining findings, an epithelioid angiosarcoma was diagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography–CT revealed no lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. Radical subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. After removing the specimen, reconstruction was performed using the Child procedure. Grossly, two dark-red polypoid tumors were found in the second portion of the duodenum. Histological evaluation revealed proliferation of malignant round and polygonal cells arranged in sheets and spindle-like cells arranged in bundles. Vasoformative structures were recognized as slit-like spaces containing red blood cells. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for CD31. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma in the duodenum. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 19 without any complications. At a follow-up examination in the outpatient clinic at postoperative 4 months, no evidence of recurrence was detected.ConclusionThe present report describes a case of duodenal epithelioid angiosarcoma. Duodenal angiosarcomas may cause anemia and gastrointestinal bleeding. Because angiosarcomas sometimes show epithelioid cytomorphology, immunohistochemical analysis is useful for confirming the diagnosis.
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia during acute stroke management: three case reports
Authors: Fujii Kazuki , Seki Tadahiko , Nakata Yasuyuki , Atagi Kazuaki , Matsuyama Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
There are many reports of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and following cardiac surgery. However, there are few reports of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in patients with acute stroke.

Case presentation
We report three cases of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia with onset during treatment for acute stroke. All of the patients were undergoing strict blood-pressure control, and two patients developed NOMI soon after tracheostomy when enteral nutrition had been resumed.

Conclusion
Many stroke patients are older adults with risk factors such as arteriosclerosis. Thus, during acute stroke management, there is a possibility that patients may develop non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia due to decreased intestinal blood flow secondary to strict blood-pressure control. This case report implicates early enteral nutrition as a potential etiopathogenic factor of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in patients with acute stroke.
Flipped classrooms in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings and future research recommendations
Authors: Divjak Blaženka , Rienties Bart , Iniesto Francisco , Vondra Petra , Žižak Mirza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFlipped classroom (FC) approaches have gotten substantial attention in the last decade because they have a potential to stimulate student engagement as well as active and collaborative learning. The FC is generally defined as a strategy that flips the traditional education setting, i.e., the information transmission component of a traditional face-to-face lecture is moved out of class time. The FC relies on technology and is therefore suitable for online or blended learning, which were predominant forms of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–July 2021). In this paper we present a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies that covered online FC approaches in higher education during the pandemic. We analyzed 205 publications in total and 18 in detail. Our research questions were related to the main findings about the success of implementation of online FC and recommendations for future research. The findings indicated that those who had used FC approaches in face-to-face or blended learning environments more successfully continued to use them in online environments than those who had not used it before. The SLR opened possible questions for future research, such as the effectiveness of the FC for different courses and contexts, the cognitive and emotional aspects of student engagement, and students’ data protection. It pointed to the need to examine different aspects of online delivery of the FC more comprehensively, and with more research rigor.
Failure to replicate associations between Toxoplasma gondii or hepatitis C virus infection and personality traits
Authors: Ibrahim Ibtihal Mohamed Aly , Tobar Salwa , Salah Hala , El-Sayed Hanan , Mansour Hader , Eissa Ahmed , Wood Joel , Fathi Warda , Dickerson Faith , Yolken Robert H. , El-Bahaey Wafaa , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Infections with Toxoplasma gondii (Toxo), a protozoan that can infect the brain, have been reported to alter behavior in rodents and humans; several investigators have related Toxo infection to personality traits such as novelty seeking in humans. We investigated human personality traits in relation to Toxo in Egypt, where such infection is common.

Results
In a community-based sample of Egyptian adults (N = 255), Toxo infection were indexed by levels of IgG antibodies. Viruses like hepatitis C virus (HCV) have also been associated with cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders; therefore, HCV antibody titers were also assayed for comparison. The antibody levels were analyzed in relation to the Arabic version of the NEO personality inventory (NEO-FFI-3), accounting for demographic variables. No significant correlations were noted with Toxo or HCV antibody levels, after co-varying for demographic and socio-economic factors and following corrections for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions
Infection with Toxo or HCV infection was not associated with variations in personality traits in a sample of Egyptian adults. The possible reasons for the discordance with prior reported associations are discussed.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate With D5W Push Technique
Authors: Majidi Shahram , Matsoukas Stavros , De Leacy Reade A. , Morgenstern Peter F. , Soni Ria , Shoirah Hazem , Rapoport Benjamin I. , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Bederson Joshua B. , Berenstein Alejandro , Mocco J. , Fifi Johanna T. , Kellner Christopher P. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has been recognized as a promising treatment for patients with subdural hematoma (SDH).

OBJECTIVE:
To present the technical feasibility and efficacy of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) embolization in the largest consecutive cohort to date.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed our consecutive cases of recurrent SDH treated with MMA embolization using diluted n-BCA with the “sugar rush” technique. In brief, a 2.1-Fr microcatheter was used to selectively catheterize the frontal and posterior branches of the MMA. 5% dextrose in water (D5W) was injected through an intermediate catheter while injecting n-BCA through the microcatheter. Complete obliteration of MMA and lack of SDH recurrence in a 3–6 months follow-up computed tomography scan were defined as efficacy outcomes. Cranial nerve palsy, vision loss, transient neurological deficit, and stroke were defined as safety outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 61 patients were identified with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 62.5 ± 9 years. In 6 patients (10%), coil embolization of the origin of the frontal or posterior branch was performed because super-selective catheterization of the branch was unsuccessful because of tortuous anatomy. Complete obliteration of frontal and posterior branches was achieved in 100% of the cases. Recurrent SDH was seen in 3 patients (5%). No incidence of cranial nerve palsy, vision loss, or stroke occurred. One patient suffered a transient neurological deficit.

CONCLUSION:
MMA embolization using diluted n-BCA with concomitant D5W injection is associated with a high degree of distal penetration and complete branch occlusion and minimal risk of cranial nerve palsy or other thromboembolic complications.
Enhancement of Mechanophore Activation by Electrostatic Interaction
Authors: Kasori Ryosuke , Watabe Takuma , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mechanophores, which change their chemical structure in response to mechanical stimuli, are widely used to develop mechanoresponsive materials, and their reactivity is greatly affected by the surrounding environment. Here, we focus on the effect of electrostatic interactions on the activation of mechanophores. A series of radical-type mechanophores with ionic functional groups, as well as mixed systems of these radical-type mechanophores with dicarboxylic acid groups and divalent ions were prepared, and their mechano-responsiveness in the bulk was investigated via ball-milling and subsequent electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. The results revealed that the mechano-responsiveness is governed by the introduction of electrostatic interactions into the mechanophores.