bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resectable Metastatic Colon Cancer in Non-academic and Academic Programs
Authors: Hao Zhonglin , Parasramka Saurabh , Chen Quan , Jacob Aasems , Huang Bin , Mullett Timothy , Benson Al B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Overall survival advantage of chemotherapy before versus after metastasectomy of liver or lung lesion is not clear for colon cancer with synchronous liver or lung metastasis.

Materials and Methods
Adults 20 years or older with primary colon cancer and single organ metastatic disease either in the liver or lung at diagnosis were identified between 2010 and 2015 through the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Patients were categorized into 2 cohorts: pre-operative/peri-operative chemotherapy (neoadjuvant –[NAC]) or post-operative chemotherapy (adjuvant [AC]). Survivals and factors associated with were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
A total of 3038 patients with colon cancer with liver or lung metastases were identified. The percentage of patients receiving NAC had steadily increased from 12.29% to 28.31%, mostly in academic programs. On multivariate analysis, patients who received NAC had an overall survival advantage in the non-academic setting whereas no advantage is seen in the patients treated in the academic settings. The median overall survival for patients receiving NAC and AC was 47.24 months and 38.08 months, respectively. Factors associated with overall survival advantage in NAC patients treated in non-academic programs included age 20-49 years, CEA value of &gt;30, right-sided colon primary, liver metastasis, and clear resection margins.

Conclusions
Metastatic colon cancer with single organ liver or lung lesions benefits from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially in ­non-academic settings. The overall survival advantage in this setting has not been shown before.
African Criminologies
Authors: Warren Ian , Ryan Emma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that the decolonization of criminology and criminal justice throughout Africa has enormous potential to reshape the static trajectory of the discipline. This is because the central role of criminology in sustaining inherently harmful justice institutions and practices is reflected clearly in lived African experiences that are obscured in knowledge-building practices throughout the Global North. The emphasis in this chapter is on two interconnected problems specific to the colonial and postcolonial conditions in Africa. The first is the gradual shift in the use of the criminal law to suppress political violence and translating these processes into the civilian sphere. The second is the highly selective use of international criminal law to address mass atrocities. For decolonization to be authentic to a wide body of critical African theories, a true epistemic break from knowledges embedded in legal, political, and humanitarian institutions formed in the Global North is required.
Simulation-Based Education in Physical Therapist Education: A Survey of Current Practice
Authors: Stockert Brad , Macauley Kelly , Bradford Jacque , Gorman Sharon L , Greenwood Kristin Curry , Nordon-Craft Amy , Quiben Myla , Rucker Jason , Silberman Nicki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The purposes of this study were to describe the current use of (1) simulation in student physical therapist professional education programs and (2) standards of best practice (SOBP) for simulation-based education (SBE) in physical therapist education.

Methods
Two surveys were created about current use of SBE in student physical therapist professional education programs in the United States. The first survey contained questions about the program, including the best contact person regarding simulation. The second survey investigated simulation use within the context of SOBP. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results
Survey 1 was sent to the program director at all fully accredited physical therapist programs (N = 236), and 143 responses were returned (61% response rate). Survey 2 was sent to the 136 individuals identified in Survey 1, and we received 81 completed surveys (60%). Over 90% of programs reported including SBE in their curricula, with 86% providing 3 or more experiences. A median of 1 core faculty at each program reported training in SBE, but 23% reported no training. A lack of training in specific elements of the SOBP for SBE was reported by 40% to 50% of faculty. Limited use of SOBP was reported, and use of outcome measures without validation was common.

Conclusion
Although SBE is commonly used in physical therapist education, many faculties (1) do not have training in SBE, (2) do not consistently follow the SOBP, and (3) utilize unvalidated outcome measures. Limited faculty training in SBE and inconsistent inclusion of the SOBP suggest student learning in simulation is not optimized.

Impact
These results show that, despite increased use of simulation in physical therapist education programs, there is a dearth of faculty trained in SBE and inconsistent use of SOBP. Addressing these deficiencies could help to optimize the benefits of SBE in physical therapist education.
Revisiting idiopathic eosinophilic myositis: towards a clinical-pathological continuum from the muscle to the fascia and skin
Authors: Fermon Cécile , Lessard Lola E R , Fenouil Tanguy , Meyer Alain , Faruch-Bilfeld Marie , Robert Marie , Landel Verena , Hot Arnaud , Authier François-Jérôme , Streichenberger Nathalie , Gallay Laure 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are mainly defined by inflammatory infiltrates within the muscle (lymphocytes and macrophages). Eosinophil muscle infiltration has been described in idiopathic eosinophilic myositis (IEM) and rarely in EF. This study aimed to further delineate the nosological frame of idiopathic eosinophil muscle infiltration through the exhaustive analysis of IEM and EF patients.

Methods
This multicentre retrospective case series included IEM patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2022. IEM inclusion criteria were eosinophilic muscle infiltration with myositis pathological features, after the exclusion of differential diagnoses. An additional group of EF patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2022 was constituted. Inclusion criteria were an EF diagnosis and fascia thickening with inflammatory infiltrate.

Results
A total of 20 IEM cases and 10 EF cases were included. The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 65 (49–70) years; there were 18 males. Data analysis delineated four subgroups: focal EM (FEM, n = 3), diffuse EM (DEM, n = 6), eosinophilic myofasciitis (EMF, n = 11) and EF (n = 10). FEM represented a limited and benign form of myositis. DEM cases presented objective muscle impairment with eosinophilic muscle infiltration. EMF patients presented subjective muscle impairment (myalgia, 55%), fasciitis (on histology and/or imaging), eosinophilic muscle infiltration and frequent hypereosinophilia (55%). EF patients presented myalgia (50%), muscle lesions on histology with fascia-restricted inflammatory infiltrates with (60%) or without (40%) eosinophils.

Conclusions
The analysis of IEM and EF patient characteristics delineates four subgroups (FEM, DEM, EMF and EF) in terms of clinical, laboratory, imaging, pathological and outcome specificities, and proposes an adapted diagnostic and care management approach.
Performance of an MRI scoring system for inflammation of joints and entheses in peripheral SpA: post-hoc analysis of the CRESPA trial
Authors: Krabbe Simon , Renson Thomas , Jans Lennart , Elewaut Dirk , Van den Bosch Filip , Carron Philippe , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of a novel MRI scoring system in early peripheral SpA (pSpA).

Methods
MRI of the pelvis and lower extremities was performed before initiation of the TNF inhibitor golimumab in 56 patients and repeated in 46 patients who achieved sustained clinical remission after 24, 36 or 48 weeks. Three readers applied a semi-quantitative MRI scoring system for lower-extremity joint and entheseal inflammation. Four lesion types were assessed: entheseal osteitis, entheseal soft-tissue inflammation, joint osteitis, and joint synovitis/effusion. MRI response was defined as a decrease in MRI lower-extremity inflammation index (sum of scores from 75 sites, each scored 0–3) above the smallest detectable change (SDC).

Results
At follow-up, the MRI index decreased in 34 of 46 patients (74%), and 15 (33%) patients achieved MRI response, i.e. a decrease above SDC of 2.8. When restricting the analysis to patients with clinical involvement of lower-extremity sites that were assessed by MRI, 13 of 28 (46%) achieved MRI response. Interreader reliability was very good, with an average-measure intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95) for status scores and 0.89 (0.80–0.94) for change in scores. The MRI index correlated with other measures of disease activity, including CRP [Spearman’s rho 0.41 (0.23–0.56)], swollen joint count of 6 joints [0.47 (0.27–0.63)], tender enthesis count of 14 entheses [0.32 (0.12–0.50)] and pain score [0.28 (0.08–0.46)], all P &lt; 0.05.

Conclusion
The proposed MRI lower-extremity inflammation index demonstrated reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change in patients with early pSpA.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01426815.
Neurocognitive Subgroups in Children at Familial High-risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar disorder: Subgroup Membership Stability or Change From Age 7 to 11—The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study
Authors: Knudsen Christina Bruun , Greve Aja Neergaard , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Lambek Rikke , Andreassen Anna Krogh , Veddum Lotte , Brandt Julie Marie , Gregersen Maja , Krantz Mette Falkenberg , Søndergaard Anne , Carlsen Anders Helles , Steffensen Nanna Lawaetz , Bundgaard Anette Faurskov , Burton Birgitte Klee , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Bliksted Vibeke Fuglsang , Hemager Nicoline 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Subgroups with distinct levels of neurocognitive functioning exist in children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. However, studies investigating the temporal stability of subgroup membership are currently lacking. We hypothesized that a minority of children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) would transition to a different neurocognitive subgroup from age 7 to 11 and that most transitions would be to a more impaired subgroup.

Study Design
Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups at two assessments (age 7 and 11) based on the performance of 320 children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP across eight neurocognitive functions. Temporal stability in subgroup membership was evaluated with latent profile transition analysis. Population-based controls (age 7, n = 199; age 11, n = 178) were included as a reference group. Children transitioning to a more impaired subgroup were compared with nontransitioning children on sex, FHR-status, global functioning, and psychopathology.

Study Results
At both assessment points, we identified three subgroups based on neurocognitive performance: a moderately–severely impaired, a mildly impaired, and an above-average subgroup. A total of 12.8% of children transitioned to a different subgroup, of which the majority (85.2%) moved to a more impaired subgroup. Parental diagnosis of schizophrenia, but neither parental diagnosis of bipolar disorder, global functioning at age 7, psychopathology, nor sex significantly differentiated children transitioning to a more impaired subgroup from nontransitioning children.

Conclusions
During pre-adolescence, neurocognitive developmental lag is associated with being at FHR-SZ. Close attention to these children’s neurocognitive development is indicated.
The imprinted geneZac1regulates steatosis in developmental cadmium-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Riegl Sierra D , Starnes Cassie , Jima Dereje D , Baptissart Marine , Diehl Anna Mae , Belcher Scott M , Cowley Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCadmium (Cd) exposure in adulthood is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The prevalence of NAFLD in children is increasing, suggesting a role for the developmental environment in programming susceptibility. However, the role of developmental Cd exposure in programming NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have proposed that imprinted genes are strong candidates for connecting the early life environment and later life disease. In support of this, we previously identified roles for the Imprinted Gene Network (IGN) and its regulator Zac1 in programming NAFLD in response to maternal metabolic dysfunction. Here, we test the hypothesis that developmental Cd exposure is sufficient to program NAFLD, and further, that this process is mediated by Zac1 and the IGN. Using mice, we show that developmental cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure leads to histological, biochemical, and molecular signatures of steatosis and fibrosis in juveniles. Transcriptomic analyses comparing livers of CdCl2-exposed and control mice show upregulation of Zac1 and the IGN coincident with disease presentation. Increased hepatic Zac1 expression is independent of promoter methylation and imprinting statuses. Finally, we show that over-expression of Zac1 in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce lipid accumulation in a Pparγ-dependent manner and demonstrate direct binding of Zac1 to the Pparγ promoter. Our findings demonstrate that developmental Cd exposure is sufficient to program NAFLD in later life, and with our previous work, establish Zac1 and the IGN as key regulators of prosteatotic and profibrotic pathways, two of the major pathological hallmarks of NAFLD.
Haplotype assignment of longitudinal viral deep sequencing data using covariation of variant frequencies
Authors: Venturini Cristina , Pang Juanita , Tamuri Asif U , Roy Sunando , Atkinson Claire , Griffiths Paul , Breuer Judith , Goldstein Richard A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Longitudinal deep sequencing of viruses can provide detailed information about intra-host evolutionary dynamics including how viruses interact with and transmit between hosts. Many analyses require haplotype reconstruction, identifying which variants are co-located on the same genomic element. Most current methods to perform this reconstruction are based on a high density of variants and cannot perform this reconstruction for slowly evolving viruses. We present a new approach, HaROLD (HAplotype Reconstruction Of Longitudinal Deep sequencing data), which performs this reconstruction based on identifying co-varying variant frequencies using a probabilistic framework. We illustrate HaROLD on both RNA and DNA viruses with synthetic Illumina paired read data created from mixed human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and norovirus genomes, and clinical datasets of HCMV and norovirus samples, demonstrating high accuracy, especially when longitudinal samples are available.
Original Research: COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Southern California Nurses
Authors: Roberts Lisa R. , Dubov Alex , Distelberg Brian , Peteet Bridgette , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C. , Montgomery Susanne , Patel Pranjal , Chrissian Ara A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to elucidate characteristics of vaccine-hesitant nurses at two large Southern California medical centers where rates of COVID-19 vaccination were lower than expected.

Methods:
This study is a secondary analysis of nurse participants in a cross-sectional study conducted at the two medical centers. Participants completed an online survey regarding their demographics; work setting and role characteristics; influenza vaccination history; COVID-19 knowledge and beliefs; and personal history of COVID-19 exposure, diagnosis, and disease impact (infection or death) on those closest to them.

Results:
Of 869 nurse participants, most (78.6%) were vaccinated and 21.4% were unvaccinated; more than half of the unvaccinated participants reported being unwilling to be vaccinated (“vaccine hesitant”). The χ2 comparisons revealed no significant differences between vaccinated and vaccine-hesitant nurses in terms of education, contact with COVID-19 patients, work environment, or having friends and family impacted by COVID-19. Binary logistic regression showed that nurses who had no history of recent influenza vaccination were 10 times more likely to be vaccine hesitant, those who had inaccurate knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines were seven times more likely to be vaccine hesitant, and younger nurses and those with a prior COVID-19 diagnosis were approximately three times more likely to be vaccine hesitant. Furthermore, 17.3% of all participants were unwilling to recommend COVID-19 vaccination to others.

Conclusion:
The findings offer a nuanced understanding of vaccine hesitancy among nurses and will be useful to the planning and development of policies, campaigns, and interventions aimed at increasing vaccination rates among nurses. Changing attitudes is essential, and particular attention must be paid to nurses who are unwilling to recommend vaccination to others. Effective interventions are needed.
Universal Gestational Diabetes Screening and Antepartum Stillbirth Rates in Austria—A Population-Based Study
Authors: Muin Dana A. , Pfeifer Bernhard , Helmer Hanns , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Leitner Hermann , Kiss Herbert , Neururer Sabrina 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022;101:396–404)
Approximately 1 in 6 pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a risk factor for preeclampsia, fetal macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and antepartum stillbirth. The incidence of antepartum stillbirth is approximately 4/1000 births in high-income countries, and the risk of fetal death recurrence can be as high as 22-fold.
Mode of Delivery Is an Independent Risk Factor for Maternal Mortality: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Balayla Jacques , Lasry Ariane , Badeghiesh Ahmad , Volodarsky-Perel Alexander , Gil Yaron 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022;35:1962–1968)
In 2014, a systematic analysis by the World Health Organization found that the leading causes of maternal mortality were obstetric hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and pregnancy-related sepsis. However, in the United States, the leading causes of maternal death are cardiovascular conditions, noncardiovascular underlying medical conditions, and infection.
Prospective Evaluation of the Ultrasound Signs Proposed for the Description of Uterine Niche in Nonpregnant Women
Authors: Feldman Noa , Maymon Ron , Jauniaux Eric , Manoach Danielle , Mor Matan , Marczak Ewa , Melcer Yaakov 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from J Ultrasound Med 2022;41:917–923)
As cesarean delivery (CD) rates have exponentially increased worldwide during the last 2 decades, the development of a “niche,” or a CD scar defect (also called isthmocele), has arisen as a key factor associated with secondary gynecological and obstetrical complications. In terms of subsequent pregnancies, these defects have been indirectly associated with increased rates of placenta accreta, iatrogenic obstetric complications, and preterm birth.
Residual Risk for Clinically Significant Copy Number Variants in Low-Risk Pregnancies, Following Exclusion of Noninvasive Prenatal Screening–Detectable Findings
Authors: Maya Idit , Sheelo Liat Salzer , Brabbing-Goldstein Dana , Matar Reut , Kahana Sarit , Agmon-Fishman Ifaat , Klein Cochava , Gurevitch Merav , Basel-Salmon Lina , Sagi-Dain Lena 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;226:562.e1–562.e8)
Recent developments in available techniques for prenatal genetic analysis have significantly changed genetic screening and diagnosis; these include chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening. However, both tests have benefits and drawbacks.
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening Coverage in Managed Care Plans—United States, 2018
Authors: Richards Thomas B. , Lindley Megan C. , Byron Sepheen C. , Saraiya Mona 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Prev Med 2022;159:107019)
To prevent cervical cancer, vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended for adolescents aged 21 to 65 years and cervical cancer screening for women aged 21 to 65 years. The National Committee for Quality Assurance Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) evaluates managed care plan effectiveness of care for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening, allowing individual health plans to assess their preventive services performance rates compared with other plans.
Building a National Public Health System in the United States
Authors: Hamburg Margaret A. , Cohen Mandy , DeSalvo Karen , Gerberding Julie , Khaldun Joneigh , Lakey David , MacKenzie Ellen , Palacio Herminia , Shah Nirav R. 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2022;387:385–388)
This article presents the report of a blue-ribbon commission selected by the Commonwealth Fund. The first author of this report, Margaret Hamburg, is the chairman of the commission.
Levonorgestrel 52 mg Intrauterine System Efficacy and Safety Through 8 Years of Use
Authors: Creinin Mitchell D. , Schreiber Courtney A. , Turok David K. , Cwiak Carrie , Chen Beatrice A. , Olariu Andrea I. 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.022)
Over the past several years, the longevity of use for long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods has increased. Increased duration of use is especially important for younger users desiring long-term birth prevention or spacing and for those who wish to postpone or avoid future childbearing.
Trends in and Outcomes of Deliveries Complicated by Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Schmidt Christina N. , Friedman Alexander M. , DiMango Emily A. , Linder Alice H. , Sobhani Nasim C. , D'Alton Mary E. , Wen Timothy 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize current trends and outcomes in pregnancies complicated by cystic fibrosis (CF) that resulted in delivery.

METHODS:
This repeated cross-sectional study used the U.S. National Inpatient Sample to identify delivery hospitalizations of patients with CF between 2000 and 2019. Trends in delivery hospitalizations of patients with CF were assessed using joinpoint regression to determine the average annual percent change (AAPC). The risk of adverse maternal and obstetric outcomes was compared between patients with and without CF using adjusted logistic regression models accounting for demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs as measures of association. The proportion of patients with CF and other chronic conditions such as pregestational diabetes was analyzed over time.

RESULTS:
From 2000 to 2019, the prevalence of CF at delivery increased from 2.1 to 10.4 per 100,000 deliveries (AAPC 6.7%, 95% CI 5.7–8.2%). The proportion of patients with CF and other chronic conditions increased from 18.0% to 37.3% (AAPC 3.1%, 95% CI 1.0–5.3%). Patients with CF were more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity (aOR 2.61, 95% CI 1.71–3.97), respiratory complications (aOR 17.45, 95% CI 11.85–25.68), venous thromboembolism (aOR 3.59, 95% CI 1.33–9.69), preterm delivery (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.79–2.59), abruption and antepartum hemorrhage (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.10–2.41), and gestational diabetes (aOR 2.47, 95% CI 2.47–3.70).

CONCLUSION:
Although still infrequent (approximately 1 in 10,000), deliveries complicated by CF increased approximately fivefold over the study period. The proportion of patients with CF and other chronic conditions is increasing. Patients with CF are at increased risk for a broad range of adverse outcomes.