bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological synthesis of Fe3O4@Ag using Scenedesmus obliquus and evaluation of its effect on the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes in ciprofloxacin‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
Authors: Hadad Sara , Alkinani Tabarek Abdulrazaq , Mahmoudi Aida , Dehghan Somayeh , Moaf Nastaran Maleki , Naeemi Akram Sadat , Salehzadeh Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to biosynthesize Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite with Scenedesmus obliquus extract, and to evaluate its antibacterial potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the effect of the synthesized nanocomposite on the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes was investigated. The Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite was characterized using X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) as well as Zeta potential analyses. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanocomposite alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa strains was determined. Finally, the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes among the bacteria treated with the nanocomposite was evaluated using quantitative real‐time PCR. Based on the results, the proper synthesis of the nanocomposite with the diameter of 40 to 70 nm and acceptable stability was confirmed. The synthesized nanocomposite had lower MIC value (8–64 μg/mL) than ciprofloxacin (64–512 μg/mL) which shows stronger antibacterial potential of the nanocomposite. In addition, treating bacteria with the nanocomposite and ciprofloxacin caused a significant reduction of MexA‐B genes compared to the cells treated with ciprofloxacin or nanocomposite alone. Thus, Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite can improve the efficacy of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa by reducing the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes.
A particle swarm optimization‐based support vector machine model to detect charging pile arc faults by using the pre‐treatment generalized S transform
Authors: Deng Hanjun , Zeng Wenwei , Huang Rui , Wu Zhiyong , He Xing , Liu Xuan , Xiao Jianhong , Chen Hao , Liu Mouhai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn arc fault is the most common cause of charging pile fire. The series arc fault current is usually lower than the short‐circuit fault current and is challenging to detect, resulting in the inaction of the circuit breaker. Therefore, a method for detecting series arc faults of charging piles based on generalized Stockwell transform (GST) is proposed in this paper. First, an real time digital simulation system (RTDS)‐based charging pile arc experimental platform is constructed, and the point contact and the carbonization path arc fault current are measured. Then, the fault information is extracted using GST, and the 250‐Hz component is selected as the arc fault identification feature. On this basis, an improved sampling point selection method is proposed. Finally, multiple feature quantities are constructed as feature vectors, and the trained particle swarm optimization _support vector machine (PSO_SVM) is used for arc fault detection. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate reaches 98.75%; thus, the scheme proposed by this paper could detect the series arc fault current accurately and avoid the incorrect action of the circuit breaker.
Digitale Anwendungen in verschiedenen Versorgungsstrukturen der Dialyse
Authors: Barth Claudia 
Published: August 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDigitale Applikationen (Apps) sind zur medizinischen Überwachung während und außerhalb der Dialysezeit möglich. Telenephrologie und Patientenportale werden von Patienten und Ärzten gut akzeptiert. Sie ersetzen zwar nicht den Arztbesuch, können aber die Kommunikation intensivieren. Die Apps fördern das Selbst-Monitoring, indem sie Wissen zur Nierenerkrankung vermitteln und gleichzeitig die Behandlungswerte darstellen. Der Einsatz von Apps in der Heimdialyse unterstützt den Patienten beim Training und gibt ihm ein Sicherheitsgefühl, da Problemlösungen direkt visualisiert werden können. Die schnelle Generation von Daten-Pools (Patientenregister, Patientendaten-Management-Systeme zur Dialysebehandlung, klinische Studien, Labordaten, tragbare Smart Devices) eröffnet die Entwicklung von Prädiktionsmodellen und Systemen zur klinischen Entscheidungsunterstützung mithilfe von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz wie Machine Learning. Tragbare Smart Devices ermöglichen das 24-h-Monitoring. Ein Real-Time-Monitoring an der Dialyse und die direkte Intervention bieten perspektivisch eine individualisierte Therapie.
Exploring Potential Schedule-Related and Gender Biases in Ophthalmology Residency Interview Scores
Authors: Chang Chih-Chiun J. , Moussa Omar , Chen Royce W. S. , Glass Lora R. Dagi , Cioffi George A. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Winn Bryan J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose Prior studies have revealed grading discrepancies in evaluation of personal statements and letters of recommendation based on candidate's race and gender. Fatigue and the end-of-day phenomenon can negatively impact task performance but have not been studied in the residency selection process. Our primary objective is to determine whether factors related to interview time and day as well as candidate's and interviewer's gender have a significant effect on residency interview scores.Methods Seven years of ophthalmology residency candidate evaluation scores from 2013 to 2019 were collected at a single academic institution, standardized by interviewer into relative percentiles (0–100 point grading scale), and grouped into the following categories for comparisons: different interview days (Day 1 vs. Day 2), morning versus afternoon (AM vs. PM), interview session (Day 1 AM/PM vs. Day 2 AM/PM), before and after breaks (morning break, lunch break, and afternoon break), residency candidate's gender, and interviewer's gender.Results Candidates in the morning sessions were found to have higher scores than afternoon sessions (52.75 vs. 49.28, p < 0.001). Interview scores in the early morning, late morning, and early afternoon were higher than late afternoon scores (54.47, 53.01, 52.15 vs. 46.74, p < 0.001). Across all interview years, there were no differences in scores received before and after morning breaks (51.71 vs. 52.83, p = 0.49), lunch breaks (53.01 vs. 52.15, p = 0.58), and afternoon breaks (50.35 vs. 48.30, p = 0.21). No differences were found in scores received by female versus male candidates (51.55 vs. 50.49, p = 0.21) or scores given by female versus male interviewers (51.31 vs. 50.84, p = 0.58).Conclusion Afternoon residency candidate interview scores, especially late afternoon, were significantly lower than morning scores, suggesting the need to further study the effects of interviewer's fatigue in the residency interview process. The interview day, presence of break times, candidate's gender, and interviewer's gender had no significant effects on interview score.
Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Aspirin Use and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer and an Indwelling Central Venous Catheter
Authors: King Richard , Schaefer Jordan , Sahai Vaibhav , Griffith Kent A. , Sood Suman L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Patients with pancreatic cancer are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is unknown if aspirin reduces the risk of VTE in this setting.
Objectives We sought to determine whether there is an association between aspirin use and VTE risk in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy with a central venous catheter (CVC).
Patients/Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and treated with chemotherapy using a CVC. Subjects were excluded if they were on anticoagulation at the time of CVC placement. The probability of VTE was analyzed using a time-to-event analysis framework for the development of VTE using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier (univariate) and adjusting for important confounding covariates using Cox proportional hazards regression (cause-specific hazard) and again using Fine and Gray regression (subdistributional hazard) with death prior to VTE considered a competing event.
Results The final analysis included 314 cases (125 with any aspirin use and 189 without). Patients with any aspirin use had fewer VTE events (34.4%) compared with those without aspirin use (42.3%; p = 0.021) by log-rank test and after adjustment for multiple covariates using a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.92; p = 0.019). Using Fine and Gray regression to account for death as a competing event, the effect of aspirin remained in the direction of benefit, but was not statistically significant (HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.47–1.05, p = 0.083). Higher body mass index, active smoking, and metastatic stage of cancer were associated with VTE events in the Cox proportional hazards model. Rates of major bleeding or clinically relevant minor bleeding were similar between treatment groups.
Conclusions Aspirin may reduce the risk of VTE in patients with pancreatic cancer with a CVC. We did not observe a significant increase in the rates of major bleeding or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding.
Low contact resistivity of metal/n-GaN by the reduction of gap states with an epitaxially grown GaOx insulating layer
Authors: Koba Jiro , Koike Junichi 
Published: August 2022

We investigated the contact properties of metal/n-GaN and metal/GaOx/n-GaN in terms of Fermi level pinning (FLP) by metal-induced and disorder-induced gap states (MIGS and DIGS). The work function of ten different metals spanned a wide range from 4.2 to 5.7 eV. The measured Schottky barrier height vs metal work function in metal/n-GaN showed the linear relationship with the slope parameter of S = 0.26 ± 0.01 for the doped and the undoped GaN, indicating a strong FLP. The insertion of a GaOx layer increased S to 0.35 corresponding to the decrease of the gap state density by ∼1.1 × 1013 states/(cm2 eV). A contact resistivity of 1.3 × 10−5 Ω cm2 was obtained in Al/GaOx (2.3 nm)/n-GaN (doped with 2 × 1018 cm−3 of Si), which was smaller by nearly three orders than that without the GaOx layer. The insulating property and partially epitaxial structure of GaOx were considered to be responsible for the reduction of the MIGS and DIGS densities, respectively, thereby relaxing FLP and leading to low contact resistivity. Optimization of the GaOx growth parameters may further improve the contact property.
Bioturbation by echidna (
Authors: Dundas Shannon J. , Osborne Lara , Hopkins Anna J. M. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Fleming Patricia A. 
Published: August 2022

Bioturbation by digging animals is important for key forest ecosystem processes such as soil turnover, decomposition, nutrient cycling, water infiltration, seedling recruitment, and fungal dispersal. Despite their widespread geographic range, little is known about the role of the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) in forest ecosystems. We measured the density and size of echidna diggings in the Northern Jarrah Forest, south-western Australia, to quantify the contribution echidna make to soil turnover. We recorded an overall density of 298 echidna diggings per hectare, 21% of which were estimated to be less than 1 month old. The average size of digs was 50 ± 25 mm in depth and 160 ± 61 mm in length. After taking into account seasonal digging rates, we estimated that echidnas turn over 1.23 tonnes of soil ha−1 year−1 in this forest, representing an important role in ecosystem dynamics. Our work contributes to the growing body of evidence quantifying the role of these digging animals as critical ecosystem engineers. Given that the echidna is the only Australian digging mammal not severely impacted by population decline or range reduction, its functional contribution to health and resilience of forest ecosystems is increasingly important due to the functional loss of most Australian digging mammals.
Pronouns and social justice in the linguistics classroom
Authors: Anderson Catherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMy introductory Linguistics course was for many years shaped by the field’s distaste for social justice issues such as cisheterosexism, racism, colonialism and ableism. Like many other linguists, I concentrated my teaching on the core formal subfields. This essay considers how the colonial roots of Linguistics have shaped the field and my teaching, and reflects on my efforts to integrate social justice concerns into my teaching, using the changing grammar of non-binary pronouns as one entry point.
Lasiobotrys lonicerae
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lasiobotrys lonicerae
, which grows on living leaves, apparently as a parasite, and can be found, still present, on dead fallen leaves. This species has been investigated as a potential biological control agent of
Lonicera quinquelocularis
in Pakistan. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Morocco), North America (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan), USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming), Asia (China, Georgia, India (Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Uttarakhand), Iran, Kazakhstan (former Almaty oblast, Astana, former Chimkent oblast, former Dzhambul oblast, former Karaganda oblast, former Kokchetav oblast, former Kostanay oblast, former Semipalatinsk oblast, former Taldy-Kurgan oblast, former Tselinograd oblast, West Kazakhstan), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia (Altai krai, Tuva Republic), Turkey)), Europe (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Russia (Leningrad oblast, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Karelia, Smolensk oblast), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, former Yugoslavia)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this organism and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Physarum bogoriense
.
Authors: Cannon P.F. , Minter D.W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A description is provided for
Physarum bogoriense
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Angola, Congo, Kenya, Liberia, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania), Central America (Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Bahia, Pernambuco, Piaui, Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina, Sergipe), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Asia (China (Fujian, Heilongjiang, Hong Kong, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Quinhai), India (Assam, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda, Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (Tasmania), New Zealand), Caribbean (American Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago), Europe (Austria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain), Indian Ocean (Seychelles), Pacific Ocean (Ecuador (Galapagos), Japan (Bonin Islands), USA (Hawaii))). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this organism and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Ramularia anchusae
.
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ramularia anchusae
, which seems to be parasitic, with records on living leaves of
Anchusa
species, sometimes causing leaf spot symptoms. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Mali, Morocco), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (Altai krai, Sverdlovsk oblast, Tuva Republic), Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkey), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Astrakhan oblast, Belgorod oblast, Leningrad oblast, Moscow oblast, Pskov oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Voronezh oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Ramularia echii
.
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ramularia echii
, which seems to be parasitic, with records on living leaves of
Echium
species. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan (South Kazakhstan oblast (former Chimkent oblast)), Turkey, Uzbekistan), Europe (Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia (Belgorod oblast, Kirov oblast, Krasnodar krai, Kursk oblast, Lipetsk oblast, Orel oblast, Penza oblast, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Ryazan' oblast, Stavropol' krai, Tambov oblast, Voronezh oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Ramularia geranii
.
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ramularia geranii
, which seems to be parasitic, with records on living leaves of
Geranium
and other plant species, sometimes causing leaf spot symptoms, particularly on their lower sides. It has also been observed on dead fallen leaves. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco, South Africa), North America (USA (Alaska, California, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming)), South America (Argentina), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan (Aktobe oblast, former Almaty oblast, Karaganda oblast, former Kokchetavskaya oblast, Pavlodar oblast, former Taldy-Kurgan oblast, Zhambyl oblast), Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (Amur oblast, Khabarovsk krai, Krasnoyarsk krai, Novosibirsk oblast, Primorsky krai, Tyumen' oblast), Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Azores), Spain (Canary Islands)), Europe (Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Belgorod oblast, Kirov oblast, Kursk oblast, Leningrad oblast, Lipetsk oblast, Nizhny Novrogod oblast, Penza oblast, Pskov oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Republic of Karelia, Ryazan' oblast, Saratov oblast, Smolensk oblast, Tambov oblast, Ulyanovsk oblast, Voronezh oblast, Yaroslavl' oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Rhizocarpon oederi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rhizocarpon oederi
, found on rocks. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Antarctica (South Georgia), Arctic Ocean (Greenland, Norway, Svalbard and Jan Mayen), Asia (Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), North America (Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Alabama, Alaska, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin), South America (Argentina)).
Apple necrotic mosaic virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Apple necrotic mosaic virus. Martellivirales: Bromoviridae: Ilarvirus. Host: apple (
Malus domestica
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Beijing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, India, Jammu and Kashmir, Japan, Korea Republic).
Xanthomonas axonopodis
pv.
begoniae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Xanthomonas axonopodis
pv.
begoniae
(Takimoto) Vauterin et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Lysobacterales: Lysobacteraceae. Host:
Begonia
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Mauritius), Asia (China, Iran, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey), Europe (Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom), North America (Canada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, United States, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, New Zealand), South America (Argentina, Brazil).
Spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses during SRS in hydrogen
Authors: Losev L L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It was shown that the spectral broadening of femtosecond laser pulses during stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in hydrogen is determined by two nonlinear processes leading to phase modulation of the laser wave. Namely, the dependence of the refractive index of the gas on the intensity of laser radiation and the dependence of the refractive index on the ratio of the number of molecules at the ground and first vibrational levels of the hydrogen molecule, which changes during SRS.