bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Digital Presentation) Electrochemical Analysis of Oxygen Reduction in Phosphonium Ionic Liquids Based on Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Method
Authors: Oi Yuri , Okada Takuya , Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Katakura Katsumi , Inoue Yohtaro , Tsunashima Katsuhiko , Yamada Hirohisa 
Published: November 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs) have characteristic physicochemical properties such as high thermal stability, low volatility, low melting point, and flame resistance. Moreover, ILs exhibit also excellent electrochemical properties represented by a wide potential window.[1] Hence, they have a great potential for electrochemical applications such as electrolytes for batteries, capacitors, fuel-cells and so on. Phosphonium ILs have unique physical characters such as lower viscosity and higher ionic conductivity compared with corresponding structured ammonium ILs.[2] Recently, we have evaluated the diffusion coefficient and the solubility of oxygen molecules in phosphonium ILs and have clarified that such oxygen behaviors strongly depends on the chemical structure of cation rather than that of anions. In the present study, we demonstrated the proton effect for the ORR in phosphonium ILs using rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) technique.[3] Tetraalkyl-phosphonium(PXXXY+ and bis(trifluoromethane sulfone) imide (TFSA-)) ILs were used for electrolytes.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and convective voltammogram were performed using a three electrode cell at 25oC. The RRDE constructed a glassy carbon (GC) or platinum (Pt) disk, and Pt ring electrodes were used as the working electrodes. The ring current was measured at a potential of 1.0 V vs. Ag/Ag+ reference electrode, where the intermediate oxidation reaction enough attached to diffusion limit.
In the non-protonic media, ORR currents were observed from –0.6 V on GC disk electrode and –0.5 V on Pt disk electrode respectively, which were corresponding to the one-electron reduction reaction in ORR. On the other hand, the on-set potential of ORR in protonic media was higher than that in non-protonic media on both electrodes. Such potential shifts were strongly appeared on the Pt disk electrode than that on the GC disk electrode. Moreover, the diffusion limiting current was observed on Pt disk electrode at higher potential region in protonic media, and the current increased with increasing H-TFSA content. Therefore, the limiting current originated from not the transport of oxygen molecules, but that of proton, while the ring current oppositely decreased with increasing H-TFSA content. The ring current originated from intermediate formed on Pt disk electrode was smaller than that on GC disk electrode. These results indicated that the number of electrons in ORR increased by the existence of proton, and the effect of proton was promoted on Pt surface better than the GC surface.
[1] A. Khan, C. Zhao, ACS sustainable Chem. Eng.
4, 506 (2016)
[2] K. Tsunashima, and M. Sugiya, Electrochemistry Communications, 9, 2353- 2358(2007)
[3] M. Hildera, et al, Electrochimica Acta, 202, 100-109(2016).
Cross-Linked Phenyl-Acrylate-Based Anion Exchange Membranes Synthesis, Characterization and Performance in Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Mazumder MD Motiur Rahaman , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The development of redox flow batteries (RFBs) has been one of the primary responses to the need to store harvested renewable energy for improving grid reliability and utilization.1–4 In this study, we synthesized and characterized seven types of Phenyl acrylate (PA) backbone-based anion-exchange membranes (AEM) and explored the performance of AEMs in non-aqueous redox flow batteries under ideal conditions. IR data (Figure 1 ) confirms the incorporation of ion carriers in the PA backbone. Methacroylcholine chloride (MACC) was used as an anion carrier, N, N-Methylenebis acrylamide (MBAA) was used as a cross-linker, and 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK) was used as a photoinitiator. Performance was compared based on high stability in a non-aqueous solvent, high permeability to the charge-carrying ion, low electric cell resistance, low cross-over of the redox-active molecules, high mechanical property, and low cost. The best membraned will be found which will show no cross-over of redox-active electrolytes after 1000 battery cycle experiments and exhibit low resistance and high structural/chemical stability in MeCN solvent.

References

(1) Mazumder, Md. M. R.; Burton, A.; Richburg, C. S.; Saha, S.; Cronin, B.; Duin, E.; Farnum, B. H. Controlling One-Electron vs Two-Electron Pathways in the Multi-Electron Redox Cycle of Nickel Diethyldithiocarbamate. Inorg. Chem.
2021, 60 (17), 13388–13399. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01699.
(2) Mazumder, M. M. R.; Farnum, B. H. Two One Electron vs One Two-Electron Redox System of Nickel Diethyldithiocarbamate for Redox Flow Battery; ACS, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/scimeetings.1c00951.
(3) Mazumder, M. M. R. Ni(IV/II) Redox Couple 2e- Reversibility Improvement for Redox Flow Battery. ECS Meet. Abstr.
2021, MA2021-02 (5), 1855–1855. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-0251855mtgabs.
(4) Islam, R.; Mazumder, M. M. R.; Farnum, B. H. Solvent Dependent Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies of Nickel (II) Diethyldithiocarbamate for Energy Storage. ECS Meet. Abstr.
2021, MA2021-01 (1), 54–54. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01154mtgabs.

Figure 1
High Entropy Spinel Oxide As a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery
Authors: Gaolatlhe Lesego , Lebechi Augustus Kelechi , Haruna Aderemi Bashiru , Mofokeng Thapelo Prince , Mwonga Patrick Vaati , Ozoemena Kenneth Ikechukwu 
Published: November 2022

Rechargeable zinc-air battery (RZAB) represents one of the ‘beyond-the-lithium-ion’ battery technologies with great potential for renewable energy storage. It is safe, environmentally benign, and excellent potential for affordable applications in resource-limited countries, ranging from residential and industrial electricity supply, transport (e.g., electric vehicles) to mobile and consumer electronics markets. RZABs possess high theoretical specific energy density of 1086 Wh/kg, which is 5 times greater than that of the conventional lithium-ion battery (LIB). The key challenge that conspires against the widespread commercialization of RZAB is the sluggish oxygen reaction kinetics that impedes reversibility of the system. Thus, it has become quite critical to develop low-cost and high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [1,2].
High entropy materials (HEMs) have emerged as electrocatalysts for ORR and OER. HEMs contain five or more metals in equal proportions. Their unique conformational entropy and physico-chemical properties (including lattice distortion, synergistic effects amongst the different metals, and rich defect chemistries) promise to improve the kinetics of ORR / OER and electrochemical cycling stability. In this work, the high entropy spinel oxide, (CoCuFeMnNi)3O4 supported on conductive carbon has been synthesized and characterised using XRD, XPS, HRTEM, SEM and others. Preliminary electrochemistry shows improved ORR/OER kinetics. This presentation will discuss the performance of the initial lab-based RZAB using this electrocatalyst.

References

AB Haruna and KI Ozoemena, Manganese-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries, Opin. Electrochem. 2020, 21, 219-224

AK Ipadeola, AB Haruna, L Gaolatlhe, AK Lebechi, J Meng, QQ Pang, K Eid, AM Abdullah, and KI Ozoemena, Efforts at Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalysis and Related Events for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries; ChemElectroChem 2021, 8, 3998-4018
Designing a Reference Electrode – an Approach to Fabricate Laser Perforated Reference Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Rutz Daniel , Bauer Ingolf , Brauchle Felix , Jacob Timo 
Published: November 2022

The implementation of reference electrodes (RE) in lithium-ion battery cells represents a promising way to optimize fast-charging, evaluate the C-rate capability of new electrode materials, and monitor cell aging more precisely. However, their design and material choice are under debate. Recently, lithium titanate oxide (LTO, Li4Ti5O12) and lithium iron oxide (LFP, LiFePO4) have been dip-coated onto wide-meshed metal nets to reduce the blocking effect. Still, this process is elaborate and not common in electrode manufacturing.
In this study, we show a new post-processing method to fabricate user-defined REs based on LFP via an ultrashort pulse laser. The REs were designed in such a way that the blocking of the Li+ ion pathways should be as small as possible. Testing these special REs in NMC811/graphite full pouch cells revealed slim to no influence on the cell capacity while delivering reproducible voltages, even at high C-rates. Moreover, cell thickness change measurements at the RE site during cycling and post-mortem analysis showed no sign of blocking.
Degradation Behavior of 21700 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells during over-Discharge Cycling at Low Temperature
Authors: Kim Eunsae , Song Jihun , Lim Jaejin , Lee Hyobin , Kim Dohwan , Lee Yong Min 
Published: November 2022

In case of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), multiple lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells are connected in series or parallel to supply the required capacity and power of appliances. However, there is inevitably a small difference in capacity among mass-produced cells. Furthermore, all the cells cannot degrade at the same rate in long-term usage. Thus, relatively more degraded cells in the module or pack can be over-charged or over-discharged, which can trigger the thermal runaway of LIBs. In this sense, many research groups have investigated the behaviors of over-charged cells with experiments and simulation works. However, the over-discharge was not dealt as much as the over-charge, even though the over-discharge can frequently occur and must be one of the electrical abuses. Especially, most of the over-discharging studies have been limited to room-temperature degradations like Cu dissolution, SEI decomposition, etc. However, considering the wider operating temperature of EVs and other applications, it is also necessary to investigate this over-discharging behavior at various temperatures.
Thus, in this work, we reveal how the operating temperature (-20 ℃, 25 ℃) and over-discharge cycling influence the degradation behavior of 21700 LIB cells through both electrochemical analysis (EIS and DC-IR) and postmortem analysis (SEM, EDS, XPS, and XRD). Furthermore, we constructed a thermo-electrochemical model applicable to the over-discharge condition (0 V cut-off at -20 ℃ and 25 ℃). Thus, we can systematically study the abnormal thermal behavior of over-discharged cells at the low temperature. This result will be a good case study how the over-discharge affects the LIB cells at low temperatures.
The Air Stability of Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Zuo Wenhua , Xu Guiliang , Amine Khalil 
Published: November 2022

Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are listed as one of the ideal alternatives for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to the abundant sodium resources, cost-effective electrode materials of NIBs, and same architecture of NIBs to LIBs. To enable the practical implementation of NIBs, advanced cathodes with higher energy/power densities, better safety and cycle life, as well as lower cost are required. Layered lithium transition metal oxides (LiTMO2) are one of the most successful cathode materials for commercial LIBs. Similarly, layered sodium transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2, also termed as sodium layered oxides) are of particular interest for commercial NIBs owing to their high specific capacity, a wide variety of redox-active elements, and the possibility for the manufacturers to employ established synthesis processes as their lithium counterparts.
Sodium layered oxides are built up by ordered stacking of alternate alkali-metal (Na+) layers and transition metal layers (TmO2). The two-dimensional structure makes them the natural hosts for alkali-metal ions and other ions or small molecules, such as H2O. Therefore, when exposed to moist atmospheres, layered oxide materials tend to react with H2O which adsorbed on their surface and thus deteriorate their structure and electrochemical performances. Accordingly, the air-sensitive sodium layered oxides should be well protected from the moist atmospheres, rendering a higher manufacturing and preservation cost.
Here, based on the reaction mechanisms, critical influencing factors, and modification methods of layered oxides in moisture, we try to reach a comprehensive understanding of the air-stability of sodium layered oxides. Moreover, future efforts to resolve the air-stability of sodium layered oxides from Argonne National Laboratory will be also presented.
References
1. Han, M. H.; Gonzalo, E.; Singh, G.; Rojo, T. A comprehensive review of sodium layered oxides: powerful cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci.
2015, 8, 81-102.
2. Zuo, W.; Qiu, J.; Liu, X.; Ren, F.; Liu, H.; He, H.; Luo, C.; Li, J.; Ortiz, G. F.; Duan, H.; Liu, J.; Wang, M. S.; Li, Y.; Fu, R.; Yang, Y. The stability of P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides in ambient atmospheres. Commun.
2020, 11, 3544.
3. Xu, G. L.; Liu, X.; Zhou, X.; Zhao, C.; Hwang, I.; Daali, A.; Yang, Z.; Ren, Y.; Sun, C. J.; Chen, Z.; Liu, Y.; Amine, K. Native lattice strain induced structural earthquake in sodium layered oxide cathodes. Commun.
2022, 13, 436.
4. Zuo, W.; Xiao, Z.; Zarrabeitia, M.; Xue, X.; Yang, Y.; Passerini, S. Guidelines for Air-Stable Lithium/Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes. ACS Materials Letters
2022, 4, 1074-1086.
5. Fu, F.; Liu, X.; Fu, X.; Chen, H.; Huang, L.; Fan, J.; Le, J.; Wang, Q.; Yang, W.; Ren, Y.; Amine, K.; Sun, S. G.; Xu, G. L. Entropy and crystal-facet modulation of P2-type layered cathodes for long-lasting sodium-based batteries. Commun.
2022, 13, 2826.
Chemo-Mechanical Model of Lithium Dendrite Growth Impacted By External Pressure
Authors: Meyer Julia , Harrison Katharine , Mukherjee Partha P. , Roberts Scott A. 
Published: November 2022

The use of lithium metal anodes within commercial batteries is of great interest due to their high energy density and low coulombic efficiency; however, several challenges must be addressed before lithium anodes are implemented in a wide range of applications. Lithium plating and stripping during cell operation leads to the loss of active lithium and the formation of dendrites, which decrease battery capacity and lead to dangerous modes of failure such as fire. Application of external pressure has been shown to mitigate plating to an extent, as it alters the cell morphology and locations of high current density along the anode. In this work we present a 3-D, mesoscale model of lithium plating on an inhomogeneity characteristic of the rough lithium anode surface. The interplay between interfacial growth, state of stress, and ionic transport is explored in a coupled mechanics-electrochemical model. Local stress-induced changes in separator porosity and tortuosity limit bulk and surface ion transport, encouraging Li plating in regions of low stress and contact with liquid electrolyte. The initial electrochemical response across the Li anode surface is studied parametrically with respect to applied pressure, charge rate, and various material properties. The developed finite-element model is then used to simulate plating and stripping by moving the Li surface according to the local reaction rate; the evolution of the interface may thus be studied parametrically. Preliminary results show non-uniform plating across the protrusion that is highly dependent on applied pressure. As the interface evolves, changes in anode-separator contact redirect current and local stresses, leading to various modes of protrusion growth or flattening. This work will provide insight into the modes of protrusion growth based on material properties, applied pressure, and charging rate, and will inform cell design and manufacturing processes in order to mitigate plating and increase battery lifetime and safety.
Supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525.
Using Synchrotron Techniques, Investigation of Electrochemical Interfaces in Ni-Rich NMC and Sulfide Electrolytes in All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Desta Gidey Bahre Bahre , Hsu (b)* Yao Jane 
Published: November 2022

a
Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C

b
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, R.O.C
In all-solid-state lithium metal batteries enable long cyclability of high voltage oxides cathode persistent problem for the large scale application as their underprivileged interfacial steadiness in contrast to sulfide solid-state electrolyte. In this context, the interfaces of the solid electrolyte and Ni-rich NMC811 active material are looked upon as interfacial chemical responses induced by delithiation. In this study, we monitor the impedance progress at the unstable electrode|electrolyte interface due to the electrochemical interfacial response and help us understand the complex nature of reactivity and degradation kinetics with the solid-solid interface redox decomposition, which makes decoupling each effect difficult. we investigated the interfacial phenomenon between LPSC and high voltage cathode NMC811. The effects of spontaneous retort by the side of the interface were separated, and the intrinsic electrochemical decomposition of LPSC was quantified. Moreover, we show that the notch of interfacial degradation surges and the presence of oxidation mechanisms. At the higher delithiation stage, the cathode might twitch structural defenselessness and oxygen utter and resulting in further stark degradation. This complex kinetic degradation behavior was investigated at the solid-solid interface in a delithiation NMC811 and SSE based on the local oxidation state of NMC811, and LPSC SE interfacial chemical response. In this work, we used various characterization techniques to investigate the interfacial phenomenon between LPSC|NMC811 combining EIS and advanced synchrotron techniques such as sXAS, XPS, XRF-XANES mapping, and In-situ Raman spectroscopy.

Keywords: delithiation, Ni-rich cathode, Sulfide-solid-state electrolyte, interfacial reaction, Synchrotron XPS, XRF.
(Digital Presentation) High Energy Density Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Enabled By 3D Bilayer Garnet Electrolytes
Authors: Shi Changmin , Takeuchi Saya , Dura Joseph , Wachsman Eric 
Published: November 2022

The cubic-garnet (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) Lithium-Sulfur battery (GLSB) shows great promise in the pursuit of achieving high energy densities. The sulfur used in the cathodes are abundant and inexpensive and possess high specific capacity. As well, LLZO displays excellent chemical stability with Li metal. By using unique porous/dense/porous LLZO “trilayer” and dense/porous LLZO “bilayer” architectures developed by our group, an exceptionally high areal current density of 10 mA/cm2 in Li-Li symmetric cells without applied pressure was achieved. However, instability in the sulfur cathode/LLZO interface can cause cell performance issues. Therefore, it is critical to resolve the sulfur cathode/LLZO interfacial challenge to achieve stable cycling.
Here, we created an innovative gel polymer (GPE) buffer layer to stabilize the sulfur cathode/LLZO interface. With a thin bilayer LLZO architecture as a solid electrolyte, stable cycling was achieved with a high initial discharge capacity of 1542 mAh/g corresponding to an energy density of 223 Wh/kg and 769 Wh/L under a discharge current density of 0.87 mA/cm2 without applied pressure. Moreover, the addition of the GPE interlayer also allowed the GLSB cells to maintain an average discharge capacity of 1218 mAh/g over 265 cycles with 80% capacity retention at discharge current density of 1.74 mA/cm2 under a sulfur loading of 5.2 mg/cm2 at 22 (Figure 1). Achieving such stability is a major step in the development of commercial garnet lithium sulfur batteries.

Figure 1
(Digital Presentation) Fabrication of NiO-TiO2 Modified Ni Foam and Its Application As Energy Storage Materials
Authors: Sardar Sukalyan , Rasel Md. , Jamal Mamun 
Published: November 2022

Rechargeable batteries are the most effective and efficient devices that store electricity from various intermediate and renewable sources such as solar and wind power. However, the fast-growing market of portable devices requires the use of hybrid materials which ensures safety, high energy density and higher saving for customers [1-3]. In this work, an energy storage device has been fabricated based on novel NiO-TiO2 film modified 3D Nickel Foam (NF) electrode. Simple sol-gel method was used to fabricate the electrode, where NiCl26H2O and TiO2 were used as precursors. 550 °C was used to calcine the NiO-TiO2 modified NF before it can be used as electrode material. During the fabrication process, Ni-Ti ratio has been varied to 1:1 and 1:2 and a comparative study has been developed on the basis of energy storing capacities. In this work, NiO-TiO2 modified Nickel Foam (NiO-TiO2/NF) was used as working electrode, pencil graphite electrode was also used as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. To calculate the energy storage capabilities, NiO-TiO2/NF was dipped into NaOH and LiCl electrolytes. NiO-TiO2-NF (1:2) shows higher specific capacity in compare to NiO/NF, TiO2/NF and NiO-TiO2-NF (1:1) electrodes. In addition, with the scan rate increases, energy storing capacity of NiO-TiO2-NF found to be decreased. Thereby, a hybrid NiO-TiO2/NF can be used as future electrode material in the energy storage devices.
Acknowledgements
University of Grants Commission of Bangladesh (2021-22) for funding this research.
Reference

N. Padmanathan, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 4820-4830.

J. Islam et al., PLoS ONE, 2021 16(3), e0248142.

M. Jamal et al., Sci. Rep., 2019, 9, 4659.
Efficient Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Nickel-Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Graphene Catalyst
Authors: Yeom Kyungbeen , Sung Yung-Eun 
Published: November 2022

Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) is an excellent oxidizing agent with various uses in industrial bleaching, chemical synthesis, and wastewater treatment. Because of its wide range of applications, the global market demand is rapidly increasing. At present, over 95 % of H2O2 is produced through the anthraquinone process which is an environmentally unfriendly process. Therefore, numerous studies have focused on replacing this process for H2O2 with more eco-friendly processes. One of the alternative methods is the electrochemical production of H2O2 through oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), which offers an economical and environmentally friendly route to H2O2.
The oxygen reduction reaction involves a multielectron transfer process in which O2 can be reduced to produce H2O in a four-electron process or undergo a two-electron pathway to form H2O2. However, the design of selective and active electrocatalysts remains a challenge due to competitive reaction pathways between two-electron and four-electron reduction.
We develop 3D mesoporous graphene with high H2O2 production in neutral electrolytes by adjusting the pore size and regulating the atmosphere of Nickel single atom. This catalyst has 3D interconnected hollow N-doped graphene shells and Nickel single atoms will be atomically dispersed on N-doped graphene shells. The mesoporous structure with a large surface area accelerates mass transport. Moreover, electron-poor Nickel atoms yield high selectivity above 90 % and high activity for electrochemical oxygen reduction to produce H2O2 in neutral conditions. This result represents a benchmark for the two-electron ORR electrocatalyst in the neutral conditions.