bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with women’s preferences for labor epidural analgesia in Singapore: a survey approach
Authors: Tan Chin Wen , Ozdemir Semra , Sultana Rehena , Tan Claire , Tan Hon Sen , Sng Ban Leong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEpidural analgesia provides effective pain relief during labor. However, there is limited information on the factors associated with pregnant women’s preferences for labor epidural analgesia (LEA) prior to labor onset. We performed a secondary analysis of a clinical trial to identify demographic characteristics, pain and psychological vulnerability factors associated with preferences for LEA. Pregnant women at ≥ 36 weeks’ gestation prior to labor and delivery were recruited and given questionnaires on their LEA preferences, psychological and pain vulnerabilities. The primary outcome was the association between pre-delivery Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with cut-off ≥ 10 and LEA preference. Of the 250 women recruited, 51.6% (n = 129) indicated “yes to LEA”. Amongst those considering LEA as an option to reduce labor pain, women who preferred to use LEA (n = 129) indicated favorable or neutral opinion. Additionally, 68% (n = 82) from those “no to LEA” or “not sure about LEA” still gave either favorable or neutral opinion for LEA (p < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that EPDS ≥ 10 (p < 0.01), occupation (p = 0.03), ethnicity (p < 0.01), state anxiety (p = 0.02), mode of current pregnancy (unplanned; planned, assisted; planned, natural; p = 0.03) and premenstrual anger/irritability before current pregnancy (p = 0.02) were associated with LEA preference. The findings may help to define the population that may require further education on considering LEA and allow early identification on different LEA preferences to provide patient centric care prior to labor and delivery.
Bioflocculant produced by Bacillus velezensis and its potential application in brewery wastewater treatment
Authors: Agunbiade Mayowa , Oladipo Babatunde , Ademakinwa Adedeji Nelson , Awolusi Oluyemi , Adesiyan Ibukun Modupe , Oyekola Oluwaseun , Ololade Olusola , Ojo Abidemi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the potential of bioflocculant producing strains isolated from wastewater sludge. According to the Plackett–Burman design, the response surface revealed glucose, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate as critical media components of the nutritional source, whereas the central composite design affirmed an optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/l (glucose), 3.5 g/l magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O), and 1.6 g/l ammonium sulfate ( (NH4)2SO4), yielding an optimal flocculation activity of 96.8%. Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxyl in the structure of the bioflocculant. Additionally, chemical analysis affirmed the presence of mainly a polysaccharide in the main backbone of the purified bioflocculant with no detection of protein. Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis affirmed the presence of chlorine, phosphorous, oxygen and chlorine as representatives of elemental composition. Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis revealed over 60% weight was retained at a temperature range of 700 °C. The purified bioflocculant remarkably removed chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and turbidity in brewery wastewater. This study suggested that the bioflocculant might be an alternate candidate for wastewater treatment.
A lightweight YOLOv3 algorithm used for safety helmet detection
Authors: Deng Lixia , Li Hongquan , Liu Haiying , Gu Jason 
Published: June 2022

AbstractYOLOv3 is a popular and effective object detection algorithm. However, YOLOv3 has a complex network, and floating point operations (FLOPs) and parameter sizes are large. Based on this, the paper designs a new YOLOv3 network and proposes a lightweight object detection algorithm. First, two excellent networks, the Cross Stage Partial Network (CSPNet) and GhostNet, are integrated to design a more efficient residual network, CSP-Ghost-Resnet. Second, combining CSPNet and Darknet53, this paper designs a new backbone network, the ML-Darknet, to realize the gradient diversion of the backbone network. Finally, we design a lightweight multiscale feature extraction network, the PAN-CSP-Network. The newly designed network is named mini and lightweight YOLOv3 (ML-YOLOv3). Based on the helmet dataset, the FLPSs and parameter sizes of ML-YOLOv3 are only 29.7% and 29.4% of those of YOLOv3. Compared with YOLO5, ML-YOLOv3 also exhibits obvious advantages in calculation cost and detection effect.
Nationwide longitudinal population-based study on mortality in Italy by immigrant status
Authors: Di Napoli Anteo , Ventura Martina , Grande Enrico , Frova Luisa , Mirisola Concetta , Petrelli Alessio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA systematic analysis of the mortality of immigrant residents throughout Italy has never been carried out. The present study aimed to evaluate differences in mortality by immigrant status. A longitudinal study of the Italian resident population (native and immigrants) recorded in the 2011 National Institute of Statistics Census was conducted. This cohort was followed up from 2012 to 2018 until death, emigration, or end of the study period. The exposure variable was the immigrant status, measured through citizenship, dichotomized into Italian and immigrant. The main outcome was overall and cause-specific mortality. Age-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. The SMRs among immigrants were half that of Italians, both for men (SMR 0.52) and women (SMR 0.51), with the lowest SMRs observed for subjects from North Africa and Oceania. For some causes of death, mortality was higher among immigrants: tuberculosis in both men (SMR 4.58) and women (SMR 4.72), and cervical cancer (SMR 1.58), complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium (SMR 1.36), and homicide (SMR 2.13) for women. A multivariable quasi-Poisson regression analysis, adjusted for age and macro area of residence in Italy, confirmed a lower all-cause mortality for immigrants compared to Italians, both for men (RR 0.46) and women (RR 0.44). Although immigration to Italy is no longer a recent phenomenon, and the presence of immigrants is acquiring structural characteristics, our study confirms their health advantage, with a lower mortality than that of Italians for almost all causes of death and for all areas of origin.
A review on recent effort of conductive EMI suppression methods in high‐frequency power converters
Authors: Xu Shiyun , Xu Shengyou , Xu Dalin , Qian Qinsong , Sun Weifeng , Zhu Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh‐frequency power converters with high switching frequency and compact layout are characterised by high power density and high efficiency, which is superior to conventional converters in many aspects. However, the management of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a significant limitation for their widespread application. Recent conductive EMI suppression methods are reviewed in this paper. The mechanisms and characteristics of the reviewed methods are discussed in detail. Then, the EMI attenuation of the mentioned methods is compared from the perspective of attenuation band, attenuation amplitude, and cost respectively. It is demonstrated that both the source and the propagation path have a significant impact on EMI problems in performance of high‐frequency power converters. Several suggestions can be proposed based on the reviewed researches. Firstly, both the potential matching method and the balance winding method in transformer design can achieve a significant EMI reduction at all frequencies within the frequency range of conducted EMI. Secondly, spread‐spectrum modulation techniques are suggested to be applied in MHz converters instead of constant frequency control. Thirdly, the reviewed gate driver optimisation methods have a remarkable EMI suppression effect at high frequencies and still work for the suppression of radiated EMI. Finally, filters can have a reduced volume if the reviewed methods are applied.
Particle energization in colliding subcritical collisionless shocks investigated in the laboratory
Authors: Fazzini A. , Yao W. , Burdonov K. , Béard J. , Chen S. N. , Ciardi A. , d’Humières E. , Diab R. , Filippov E. D. , Kisyov S. , Lelasseux V. , Miceli M. , Moreno Q. , Orlando S. , Pikuz S. , Ribeyre X. , Starodubtsev M. , Zemskov R. , Fuchs J. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Colliding collisionless shocks appear across a broad variety of astrophysical phenomena and are thought to be possible sources of particle acceleration in the Universe.
Aims. The main goal of our experimental and computational work is to understand the effect of the interpenetration between two subcritical collisionless shocks on particle energization.
Methods. To investigate the detailed dynamics of this phenomenon, we performed a dedicated laboratory experiment. We generated two counter-streaming subcritical collisionless magnetized shocks by irradiating two Teflon (C2F4) targets with 100 J, 1 ns laser beams on the LULI2000 laser facility. The interaction region between the plasma flows was pre-filled with a low-density background hydrogen plasma and initialized with an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field perpendicular to the shocks. We also modeled the macroscopic evolution of the system via hydrodynamic simulations and the microphysics at play during the interaction via particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.
Results. Here, we report our measurements of the plasma density and temperature during the formation of the supercritical shocks, their transition to subcritical, and their final interpenetration. We find that in the presence of two shocks, the ambient ions reach energies around 1.5 times of those obtained with single shocks. Both the presence of the downstream zone of the second shock and of the downstream zone common for the two shocks play a role in the different energization: the characteristics of the perpendicular electric fields in the two areas indeed allow for certain particles to continue being accelerated or, at least, to avoid being decelerated.
Conclusions. The findings of our laboratory investigation are relevant for our understanding of the energy distribution of high-energy particles that populate the interplanetary space in our solar system and the very local interstellar medium around the heliopause, where observations have indicated evidence of subcritical collisionless shocks that may eventually go on to collide with one another.
Decoding millimetre-wave spectra of 2-iminopropanenitrile, a candidate for astronomical observations
Authors: Luková K. , Kolesniková L. , Koucký J. , Vávra K. , Kania P. , Guillemin J.-C. , Urban Š. 
Published: June 2022

Aims. The recent detection of cyanomethanimine in the interstellar medium makes its methyl derivative, 2-iminopropanenitrile (CH3C(CN)NH), a promising candidate for an interstellar detection. The aim of this work is to extend the current knowledge of the laboratory rotational spectrum to higher frequencies, which is an essential prerequisite for an identification of the molecular species in the interstellar medium by millimetre-wave astronomy.
Methods. The room-temperature rotational spectrum of 2-iminopropanenitrile has been measured in several frequency regions between 128 and 329 GHz. The A–E splittings of the rotational transitions arising from the methyl top internal rotation were analysed employing the ERHAM and XIAM programs.
Results. A dataset of approximately 900 newly assigned rotational transitions in the ground state of the Z isomer and a set of refined molecular constants, including the internal rotation parameters, are reported. Moreover, this work provides the first spectral characterisation of the less stable E isomer ground state, as well as the three lowest-lying vibrationally excited states of the Z isomer, v21 = 1, v14 = 1, and v20 = 1. This comprehensive spectroscopic study will allow a search for 2-iminopropanenitrile in the millimetre-wave surveys of interstellar sources, such as those recorded by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.
Le virus SARS-CoV-2 n’a pas « d’origine »
Authors: Frutos Roger , Gavotte Laurent , Devaux Christian A. 
Published: June 2022

Depuis le début de la pandémie de COVID-19, la question de l’origine de ce virus fait l’objet d’une vive polémique. C’est la question de « l’origine » qui est biaisée. Darwin a montré qu’il n’y a pas d’origine déterminée à aucune espèce animale ou végétale, simplement un processus évolutif et sélectif. Il en est de même pour les virus, il n’y a pas d’origine, mais un processus évolutif. Les virus circulent d’hôte à hôte, animaux ou humains. Les virus pandémiques circulent déjà chez l’homme et évoluent avant l’apparition d’une maladie. Ce processus évolutif se poursuit et donne naissance à des variants successifs. La solution n’est pas de cibler la maladie ou le possible agent causal, mais plutôt de cibler le processus d’émergence de la maladie lui-même.
Standardized 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic features provide information on PD-L1 expression status in treatment-naïve patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Ruiyun , Hohenforst-Schmidt Wolfgang , Steppert Claus , Sziklavari Zsolt , Schmidkonz Christian , Atzinger Armin , Kuwert Torsten , Klink Thorsten , Sterlacci William , Hartmann Arndt , Vieth Michael , Förster Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose To study the relationship between standardized 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic features and clinicopathological variables and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Methods 58 NSCLC patients with preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and postoperative results of PD-L1 expression were retrospectively analysed. A standardized, open-source software was used to extract 86 radiomic features from PET and low-dose CT images. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to find independent predictors of PD-L1 expression. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the ability of variables and their combination in predicting PD-L1 expression.
Results Multivariate logistic regression resulted in the PET radiomic feature GLRLM_LGRE (Odds Rate (OR): 0.300 vs 0.114, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.096–0.931 vs 0.021–0.616, in NSCLC and adenocarcinoma respectively) and the CT radiomic feature GLZLM_SZE (OR: 3.338 vs 7.504, 95%CI: 1.074–10.375 vs 1.382–40.755, in NSCLC and adenocarcinoma respectively), being independent predictors of PD-L1 status. In NSCLC group, after adjusting for gender and histology, the PET radiomic feature GLRLM_LGRE (OR: 0.282, 95%CI: 0.085–0.936) remained an independent predictor for PD-L1 status. In the adenocarcinoma group, when adjusting for gender the PET radiomic feature GLRLM_LGRE (OR: 0.115, 95%CI: 0.021–0.631) and the CT radiomic feature GLZLM_SZE (OR: 7.343, 95%CI: 1.285–41.965) remained associated with PD-L1 expression.
Conclusion NSCLC and adenocarcinoma with PD-L1 expression show higher tumour heterogeneity. Heterogeneity-related 18F-FDG PET and CT radiomic features showed good ability to non-invasively predict PD-L1 expression.
Arzneimittel vs. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel –
Abgrenzung, Anwendung und juristische Fallstricke
Authors: Stoll Günther 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungNicht nur, aber besonders im Bereich der integrativen Onkologie und der
Komplementärmedizin spielen neben dem Einsatz von Arzneimitteln auf
pharmakologischer Basis auch Lebensstiländerungen und Eingriffe im
nutritiven Bereich eine wichtige Rolle. Dazu gehören z. B. die
Erkennung und Kompensation von Mangelzuständen bei physiologisch
wirksamen Mikronährstoffen, etwa beim Selen. Neben den Arzneimitteln mit
ihren verschiedenen Darreichungsformen kommen somit auch
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel oder andere besondere Formen von Lebensmitteln
zum Einsatz. Für den Marktzugang solcher Produkte gelten allerdings
höchst unterschiedliche gesetzliche Voraussetzungen, und auch die
Verordnungsfähigkeit und Erstattungsfähigkeit unterscheiden
sich. Zur Vermeidung von Fallstricken bis hin zu zeitraubenden und
möglicherweise teuren Regressen werden die Produktgruppen voneinander
abgegrenzt und die gesetzlichen Grundlagen dargestellt.
Medical Residents, the Group and the Formation of Professional Identity During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Arsego de , Corleta Helena von Eye , Capp Edison 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResidency is still considered the gold standard for quality medical training, and acquiring a professional identity as a specialist is one of its central elements. Residents obtain this identity through both the educational environment and direct interaction with peers and supervisors. However, modifications in health care and educational routines during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have significantly impaired these channels. This study is part of a qualitative research project to analyze professional identity formation in a medical residency program in obstetrics and gynecology at a public hospital in southern Brazil. The authors conducted 28 semi-structured interviews with medical residents and preceptors, as well as a focus group with the residents, which was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in an effort to construct major analytical categories. Restricted movement and physical contact have forced the use of alternative means of interpersonal interaction, such as communication through social media or instant messaging applications. This has also affected educational activities, such as morning rounds, lectures, and seminars. These changes represent a significant impact, especially in Brazil, where physical proximity is an important cultural feature, even in the work and school environments. We speculate that this new type of virtual interaction will also affect the formation of professional identity among obstetrician-gynecologists. These findings suggest that medical residency programs should be attentive to changes in resident training to ensure that the specialist profile and the expected skills, which are consolidated over many years, are not lost.
Quality Tools and Strategy for Critical Alerts Process Improvements to Ensure Patient Safety
Authors: Jha Puja Kumari , Agarwal Rachna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectives A number of regulatory and accrediting bodies require the reporting of critical results on a timely basis (immediately or within the time frame established by the laboratory) to “the responsible, licensed caregiver” as timely notification of critical laboratory results can pivotally affect patient outcome. The aim of the study was to decrease the turnaround time (TAT) of critical result notification along with assurance of notification to the concerned caregiver or clinicians. The objectives was 30% reduction in the critical value notification TAT and identify factors associated with delayed reporting and root cause analysis for these factors by application of quality tools.Materials and Methods The study was conducted at the Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, Delhi, a tertiary center teaching Hospital, from April 2019 to June 2021. A value streamed Process Map of critical alert was prepared. The incidents related to failure were presented through Pareto chart. The possible causes were analyzed through the fishbone model. The failure mode prioritization was executed with Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Through extensive brainstorming, appropriate and feasible corrective actions were implemented. The effectiveness of the implemented plan was analyzed by reassessing the TAT of critical alert and feedback received by clinical caregivers.Results After implementation of corrective action plan using quality tools for 3 months, the average critical alert TAT was reduced to 21 minutes from 30 minutes (30% reduction). The median critical alert TAT for ICU, emergency, and IPD were reduced to 3 minutes (IQR: 1–7). During the pilot project, 156 critical value data were sent for feedback with treatment plan but was received only for 88 patients (56%).Conclusion Comprehensive utilization of quality tools has a potential role in patient safety by reducing the critical alert TAT as well as establishing an effective communication between laboratory personnel and clinicians.
Pathological Spectrum of Vascular Malformations of the Central Nervous System: A Single Institution Experience of a Decade
Authors: Karanth Shrithi , Rao Shilpa , Savardekar Amey , HR Aravind , Pruthi Nupur , Arivazhagan Arimapamagan , Bhat Dhananjaya I. , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Devi Bhagvatula Indira , Somanna Sampath , Mahadevan Anita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Vascular malformations (VMs) of the central nervous system comprise a variety of lesions that could affect the arteries, veins, or capillaries.
Materials and Methods We analyzed the histopathological features of all the VMs diagnosed at our centre over a decade.
Results Intracranial VM included arteriovenous malformation (AVM) (53%), cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) (45%), capillary telangiectasia (2%), venous angioma (0.5%), and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) (0.5%). In spinal VMs, capillary telangiectasia (40%) were the most common, followed by cavernomas (34%), AVF (16%), and AVMs and venous angiomas (5%). Clinical presentation varied from focal deficit to features of raised intracranial tension.
Conclusion Imaging and histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of VMs. Histopathological examination is essential for characterization of the VMs, which influences the prognosis.
Lessons Learned from Creating Alert Governance during an Electronic Health Record Transition
Authors: Stoffel Michelle , Desai Sundeep , Laine Megan , Leu Michael G. , Liao Zachary C. , Jang Jeehoon , Singh Angad P. , Pozdeyev Nikita , Sutton Paul R. , Wright Adam , White Andrew A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Our multihospital transition to a single electronic health record (EHR) provided an opportunity to transform alert governance. Our case provides insights into the unique challenges and opportunities of creating governance during a transition to meet both implementation and future alert management needs.
ObjectivesThis case report describes the efforts of UW Medicine Information Technology Services to advance alert governance during EHR transition and highlights the opportunities to improve care quality and provider experience within a changing environment.
Methods We used a multidisciplinary approach and external evidence to define governance for provider-facing interruptive alerts. We established the context for our governance efforts with a systemic environmental scan. We used literature review and expert consultation to determine alert design and performance best practices, sought to design postimplementation evaluation tools, and engaged clinical stakeholders to help with decision-making.
Results We created alert design and implementation tools and an alert approval process, eliminating 21 unnecessary alerts prior to implementation. We developed prototype evaluation metrics and enlisted clinical owners for postimplementation optimization of 221 alerts.
Conclusion We leveraged the fluid environment of our EHR implementation to rapidly build a provider-led governance infrastructure to meet immediate transitional needs and to facilitate future alert maintenance and improvement.