bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Neuroplasticity After Ischemic Stroke in Tetramethylpyrazine-Treated Rats
Authors: Feng Xue-Feng , Lei Jian-Feng , Li Man-Zhong , Zhan Yu , Yang Le , Lu Yun , Li Ming-Cong , Zhuang Yu-Ming , Wang Lei , Zhao Hui 
Published: April 2022

Ischemic stroke elicits white matter injury typically signed by axonal disintegration and demyelination; thus, the development of white matter reorganization is needed. 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is widely used to treat ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to investigate whether TMP could protect the white matter and promote axonal repair after cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and treated with TMP (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 days. The motor function related to gait was evaluated by the gait analysis system. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted to noninvasively identify gray-white matter structural integrity, axonal reorganization, and cerebral blood flow (CBF), followed by histological analysis. The expressions of axonal growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), synaptophysin (SYN), axonal growth-inhibitory signals, and guidance factors were measured by Western blot. Our results showed TMP reduced infarct volume, relieved gray-white matter damage, promoted axonal remodeling, and restored CBF along the peri-infarct cortex, external capsule, and internal capsule. These MRI findings were confirmed by histopathological data. Moreover, motor function, especially gait impairment, was improved by TMP treatment. Notably, TMP upregulated GAP-43 and SYN and enhanced axonal guidance cues such as Netrin-1/DCC and Slit-2/Robo-1 but downregulated intrinsic growth-inhibitory signals NogoA/NgR/RhoA/ROCK-2. Taken together, our data indicated that TMP facilitated poststroke axonal remodeling and motor functional recovery. Moreover, our findings suggested that TMP restored local CBF, augmented guidance cues, and restrained intrinsic growth-inhibitory signals, all of which might improve the intracerebral microenvironment of ischemic areas and then benefit white matter remodeling.
Tanhuo Formula Inhibits Astrocyte Activation and Apoptosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nie Yuting , Wen Lulu , Li Hui , Song Juexian , Wang Ningqun , Huang Liyuan , Gao Li , Qu Miao 
Published: April 2022

Tanhuo formula (THF), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has been demonstrated to be effective in the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, its active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Based on the validation of active ingredient concentrations, our study attempted to elucidate the possible mechanisms of THF based on network pharmacological analysis and experimental validation. Components of THF were screened using network pharmacological analysis, and a compound–target network and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed. In total, 42 bioactive compounds and 159 THF targets related to AIS were identified. The PPI network identified AKT1, TNF, IL6, IL1B, and CASP3 as key targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the inflammation and apoptotic pathways were enriched by multiple targets. The main components of THF were identified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, a validation experiment was conducted, and the expressions of GFAP, C3, TNF-α, and IL-6 were detected via immunofluorescence staining, confirming the inflammatory response at 30 min and 3 days post injury. Immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and TUNEL was also performed to assess apoptosis at the same time points. These results indicate that THF can effectively decrease neural cell apoptosis through the caspase-3 pathway and restrain excessive abnormal activation of astrocytes and the release of TNF-α and IL-6, which might be accompanied by the recovery of motor function. Thus, THF may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for AIS through multiple targets, components, and pathways.
Dicoma anomala Enhances Phthalocyanine Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Chota Alexander , George Blassan P. , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, and it is regarded as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The present study investigated phytochemical profiling, in vitro anticancer effects of Dicoma anomala methanol root extract and its enhancing effects in phthalocyanine mediated PDT on MCF-7 (ATCC® HTB-22™) breast cancer cells. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS2) was used to identify the secondary metabolites in the crude extract. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the two experimental models was established from dose response studies 24 h post-treatment with D. anomala methanol root extract (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) and ZnPcS4 (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 μM) mediated PDT. The inverted microscope was used to analyze morphological changes, trypan blue exclusion assay for viability, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) for cell death mechanisms. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to investigate the qualitative expression of the Bax, p53, and caspase 3 apoptotic proteins. Experiments were performed 4 times (n = 4) and SPSS version 27 software was used to analyze statistical significances. D. anomala methanol root extract induced cell death in MCF-7 cells by decreasing cell viability. The combination of D. anomala methanol root extract and ZnPcS4 mediated PDT led to a significant increase in apoptotic activities, expression of Bax, and p53 with significant decrease in cell viability. These findings pinpoint the possibility of D. anomala methanol root extract of being employed as a natural antiproliferative agent in the treatment of various cancers.
Lockdown in France: Impact on Families of Young Children With Special Needs
Authors: Pinel-Jacquemin Stéphanie , Martinez Amalia , Martinasso Maud , Katkoff Valerie , Willig Thiébaut-Noël , Zaouche Gaudron Chantal 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundFamilies with young children have faced serious challenges during the first lockdown as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to remote working, parents have had to monitor their children’s schoolwork and manage their daily lives. When one of the children also has neuro-developmental disorders, this results in an increased burden. We can therefore wonder how these families with one or more young children (under 6 years old) with special needs have experienced and dealt with this lockdown.Aim of the StudyIn this context, the “COVJEUNENFANT” study focused more specifically on the subjective experience, as a parent, of those who cared for children with special needs (i.e., with developmental disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, proven disabilities or chronic health conditions) compared to the general population. We wished to see if the consequences of the health crisis were significantly different from those perceived by respondents in the general population (n = 490) and if the sociodemographic structure of these families differed from those of other respondents.MethodsNinety three French families with at least one child under 6 years old and one with developmental difficulties or a chronic illness, from a cohort of 490 control families, participated in a web-based survey during the first lockdown, from the 28th April 2020 to 29th May 2020.ResultsAfter presenting the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, the results show that these French families (n = 93) are less wealthy than the control population “without special needs” (n = 397), have felt more pressures originating from their environment (families, friends, colleagues, media, social networks…), have suffered from more health issues (other than COVID-19), have taken more measures to protect themselves (social-distancing), and were less likely to feel happy. A significantly larger number of them lamented the lack of free time and voiced a larger need for information regarding children’s education. However, their parental role was felt as being more satisfying and their family relations strengthened more than in the general population of participants.ConclusionIt is apparent that urgent prioritisation is needed in order to support and care for these families by continuing to provide care for their children in one way or another, and by ensuring that their need to adapt again does not exceed their own abilities and resources, especially as young children, who have high levels of requirements, are present in the home.
Fear of Progression, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Advanced Melanoma in the COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Li Min , Shi Qiong , Ji Hongchen , Kong Shengnan , Zhu Lei , Zhang Hong-Mei 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes great disruption to cancer care services, which might bring about psychological problems and further lower both physical and mental life quality in cancer patients. Until now, very few studies focused on the psychological distress of patients with advanced melanoma before or during the epidemic. This study aimed to elucidate the fear of progression (FoP), anxiety, depression, and related independent predictors in patients with advanced melanoma during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy-three patients with unresectable stage III or metastatic melanoma were recruited from February 2020 to November 2021, and completed the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).ResultsOne hundred and seventy-four (64.7%) patients experienced heighted FoP (FoP-Q-SF: 39.9 ± 11.0), 198 (72.5%) patients reported elevated anxiety (STAI-6: 13.1 ± 3.0), and 62 (22.7%) patients had increased depression (PHQ-9: 6.4 ± 6.1). In multivariate analysis, illness duration (OR = 0.987 for FoP; OR = 0.984 for depression), cancer stage (OR = 14.394 for anxiety) and disease progression (OR = 1.960 for FoP; OR = 23.235 for anxiety; OR = 1.930 for depression) were independent predictors for FoP, anxiety or depression. Additionally, the high levels of FoP, anxiety and depression were significantly positive correlated with each other (r = 0.466 for FoP and anxiety; r = 0.382 for FoP and depression; r = 0.309 for anxiety and depression).ConclusionOur study indicates that FoP, anxiety and depression are persisting among patients with advanced melanoma in the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 era. Effective psycho-oncological interventions are needed for melanoma patients with psychological distress during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
FETAL HAREKETLERDE AZALMA TANISIYLA DOĞUM SERVİSİNE KABUL EDİLEN GEBELERİN MATERNAL VE FETAL SONUÇLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ELMAS Burak , MORALOĞLU TEKİN Özlem 
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Gebelikte bebek hareketlerinde azalma hissedilmesi hastaneye başvuru sebepleri arasında sık karşılaşılan bir nedendir. Bu çalışmada fetal hareketlerde azalma tanısı ile doğum ünitesine yatırılan gebelerin perinatal ve obstetrik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereçler ve yöntem: Ocak 2020- Ocak 2021 tarihleri arsında hastanemiz doğum ünitesine fetal hareketlerde azalma tanısıyla yatırılan 37.hafta ve üzeri 417 gebe retrospektif olarak incelendi. Yüksek riskli gebeler çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastaların yaşı, gravida, paritesi, vücut kütle indeksi ile doğum şekli ve yenidoğan yoğun bakım ihtiyacı sonuçları kaydedildi. Fetal hareketlerde azalma tanısı ile doğum ünitesine yatırılan gebelerin doğum şekli ve yenidoğan yoğun bakım ihtiyacı durumu bu bir yıl içerisinde doğum ünitesine yatırılan toplam 13059 hastanın sonuçları ile karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Doğum ünitesine yatan 13059 hastanın 417’sinin ( %3.19) fetal hareketlerde azalma tanısıyla yatırıldığı tespit edildi. Tüm hastalar içinde primer sezaryen oranı %16.54 iken, fetal hareketlerde azalma tanısı alıp doğurtulan 245 gebede primer sezaryen oranı % 36.73 olarak tespit edildi. Primer sezaryen oranları açısından karşılaştırıldığında çalışma grubunda tüm hasta grubuna göre primer sezaryen oranı anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0.023). Her iki gruptaki doğan bebeklerin yenidoğan yoğun bakım ihtiyacı olması yönünden karşılaştırılmasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmemiştir (p=0.744).
Sonuç: Fetal hareketlerde azalma tanısıyla yatırılan hastalarda primer sezaryen oranları yükselmektedir.
Interplay between Young Stars and Molecular Clouds in the Ophiuchus Star-forming Complex
Authors: Gupta Aashish , Chen Wen-Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present spatial and kinematic correlation between the young stellar population and the cloud clumps in the Ophiuchus star-forming region. The stellar sample consists of known young objects at various evolutionary stages, taken from the literature, some of which are diagnosed with Gaia EDR3 parallax and proper-motion measurements. The molecular gas is traced by the 850 μm Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array-2 image, reaching ∼2.3 mJy beam−1, the deepest so far for the region, stacked from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/Transient program aiming to detect submillimeter outburst events. Our analysis indicates that the more evolved sources, namely the class II and III young stars, are located further away from clouds than class I and flat-spectrum sources that have ample circumstellar matter and are closely associated with natal clouds. Particularly the class II and III population is found to exhibit a structured spatial distribution indicative of passage of shock fronts from the nearby Sco–Cen OB association thereby compressing clouds to trigger star formation, with the latest starbirth episode occurring now in the densest cloud filaments. The young stars at all evolutionary stages share similar kinematics. This suggests that the stellar patterns trace the relics of parental cloud filaments that now have been dispersed.
Pulmonary Hypertension in People with Sickle Cell Disease in a Nigerian tertiary Hospital
Authors: Odeyemi Abiona Oluwadamilola , Oni Opeyemi Olalekan , Odeyemi Abimbola Ololade , Olufemi-Aworinde Kehinde Joyce , Ala Oluwabukola Ayodele , Abolarin Ademola Toyosi 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
The aim of this article is to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and to determine the associated factors.

Materials and Methods:
It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 113 SCD participants in their steady state. Transthoracic echocardiography was done in accordance with the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines to determine the peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRVmax); complete blood count, oxygen saturation, serum creatinine, and urea were also done for all the participants.

Results:
The participants had a mean age of 18.1 ± 9.85 years, and 64 (56.6%) of them were males. Seven (6.2%) of the participants had PHTN as determined by a TRVmax of ≥2.5 m/s. PHTN was significantly associated with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and serum creatinine.

Conclusion:
PHTN remains common among patients with SCD and it is associated with female gender, increasing age, a rising BMI, blood pressure and serum creatinine, and a decreasing oxygen saturation and hematocrit. We recommend regular screening of patients with SCD for PHTN and that these associated factors should be taken into consideration when screening SCD patients for PHTN.
Knowledge Regarding Orthodontic Iatrogenics, Challenges, and Management Strategies among Orthodontists and Orthodontic Postgraduate Students
Authors: Nilgar Amit B. , Shukla Tanvi , Dhagavkar Pooja S. , Desai Devyani V. 
Published: April 2022

Context:
Negligence or improper care during orthodontic treatment results in various unwanted complications due to the orthodontic appliances. Iatrogenics is a situation that leads to reversible or irreversible damage to patients' health which is unintentionally induced by treatment. The knowledge and foresight to predict any iatrogenic incident will help an orthodontist to avoid any greater complications in the predicted outcome of orthodontic treatment.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate students regarding iatrogenics, its challenges, and management strategies.

Settings and Design:
An online questionnaire survey.

Subjects and Methods:
A predesigned pretested questionnaire on awareness, challenges, and management domains regarding iatrogenics, involved during orthodontic treatment, was circulated using Google Forms among orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate students.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Responses of the participants were entered in excel and were assessed using descriptive and frequency statistics in SPSS (version 20).

Results:
It was observed that only 10% of participants had sufficient knowledge regarding iatrogenics which can possibly occur during any orthodontic treatment, its challenges as well as the management. Only half of the participants were trained to handle these kinds of situations.

Conclusions:
Orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate students had an average to poor knowledge regarding iatrogenics involved in orthodontic treatment, its challenges, and management strategies.
Antifungal Efficacy of Different Extracts of Neem and Turmeric on Candida Species – An in vitro Analysis
Authors: Chaitanya Nallan C. S. K. , Chikte Diksha , Ramya Kandari , Yadav Sushmitha , Pravallika C. , Vardhini Sasi , Priya Bhargavi , Keerthana Baradi , Fathima Amal 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Curcumin is an age-old spice, which is known for its anti-inflammatory activity and antibacterial property, and neem is proven to have many medicinal properties, especially known for its antimicrobial properties.

Aim:
The study aimed at assessing the antifungal activity of different preparations of turmeric and neem over Candida species.

Materials and Methods:
Using Sabouraud's agar as the medium, Candida species colonies were transferred to the agar plates after preparation of five wells. 75 μl, 50 μl, 25 μl, 10 μl, and 5 μl of neem leaf oil, neem oil, turmeric oil, turmeric extract, and neem seed oil were added and incubated at 37°C for 18–24 h. The diameter of inhibition zone around the wells where the growth was inhibited corresponded to the antifungal activity.

Results:
Neem bark extract and turmeric extract showed the highest inhibitory range against Candida albicans. Neem leaf extract showed the highest range of inhibition at 75% against Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis.

Conclusion:
Extracts of turmeric and neem have shown definitive inhibition against different strains of candida in vitro, and hence, these can be used for treating candidiasis as an alternative to regular triazoles.
Estimation and Efficient Management of Endodontic Emergencies at a Tertiary Care Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khanna Shivani , Dua Kapil Krishan , Khanna Dinkar Parveen , Kaur Atwal Preet Kanwal , Prakash Ritika 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak was declared as a global pandemic by WHO. Among health workers, dentists including endodontist are particularly at risk of becoming infected as virus is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions. As the pandemic continues, treatment of the patients will need to change from a palliative to a more permanent treatment approach.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this article was to assess the number of patients who visited dental care facility for emergency treatment and to highlight the management of endodontic emergencies using aerosol or non-aerosol generating procedures to prevent nosocomial spread of infection.

Materials and Methods:
Total of 595 patients were analyzed for demographic details, preoperative diagnosis was made and patients were categorized according to treatment needs (emergency/urgent/non-emergency) followed by management of patients under complete infection control.

Results:
367 cases were diagnosed and considered for endodontic emergency treatment. 144 cases were classified as urgent cases, which includes mainly restorations (24.3%). Few cases also came for routine dental check-up (5.7%) and other minor procedures. Most of the procedures (68%) were aerosol generating, 27% with non-aerosol generating procedures and 5% were given only pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion:
During COVID-19 pandemic dentist, play an important role in patient awareness and management of patients. All the aerosol generating procedures should be done with the utmost care to control the spread of infection.
NGHIÊN CỨU THỰC TRẠNG QUẢN LÝ CHẤT THẢI RẮN Y TẾ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH CAO BẰNG NĂM 2021
Authors: Văn Bằng Nguyễn , Văn Huỳnh Vũ , Thị Phương Liên Đinh , Thị Chuyền Nông , Thị Thu Thủy Trần 
Published: April 2022

Mục tiêu: đánh giá thực trạng quản lý chất thải rắn y tế tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Cao Bằng năm 2021. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Dụng cụ, phương tiện phân loại, thu gom tại 23 khoa lâm sàng và 5 khoa cận lâm sàng, phương tiện vận chuyển, khu vực lưu giữ, khu vực xử lý CTRYT. Nhân viên y tế/ người lao động trực tiếp tham gia vào hoạt động phân loại, thu gom, vận chuyển, lưu giữ và xử lý CTRYT; nghiên cứu: 23 khoa lâm sàng, 5 khoa cận lâm sàng Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Cao Bằng; thiết kế nghiên cứu cắt ngang kết hợp phương pháp định lượng và định tính. Kết quả: dụng cụ phục vụ phân loại, thu gom CTRYT tương đối đầy đủ và đạt chuẩn, từ túi đựng đến thùng đựng từng loại chất thải khác nhau với quy định về an toàn (92,9% - 100%), dụng cụ thu gom được bệnh việu trang bị đầy đủ đáp ứng gần như 100% theo nhu cầu của khoa, trang thiết bị, cơ sở vật chất phục vụ lưu giữ và xử lý CTRYT của bệnh viện được trang bị khá đầy đủ; tỷ lệ NVYT thực hiện phân loại đúng với các loại chất thải lây nhiễm, chất thải sắc nhọn, chất thải lây nhiễm sắc nhọn phân loại đúng (86,6% -100%); các loại chất thải thông thường tái chế và không tái chế được, tỷ lệ phân loại đúng vào loại túi đựng có màu phù hợp (50,0% - 79,1%) tùy vị trí vệc làm. Kết luận: 92,9% - 100% các khoa được trang bị đủ trang thiết bị, dụng cụ phục vụ phân loại, thu gom, vận chuyển CTRYT, 4/28 khoa có đủ thùng thu gom chất thải có các màu sắc theo quy định; khu vực lưu giữ và xử lý được trang bị đầy đủ trang thiết bị; tỷ lệ thực hành phân loại chất thải của nhân viên y tế bệnh viện: 57,4%; các khâu thu gom, vận chuyển, lưu giữ và xử lý đạt yêu cầu.