bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fullerene–Graphene Acceptor Drives Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics for Sustainable CdS Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Tao Ying , Fan Jinchen , Yan Zhiping , Shang Huan , Phillips David Lee , Chen Ming , Li Guisheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUltrafast excited‐state decay and intrinsic charge carrier recombination restrain the photoactivity enhancement for solar‐to‐H2 production. Here, a CdS‐fullerene/graphene (CdS‐F/G) photocatalyst is synthesized for enhancing visible‐light‐driven hydrogen generation from earth‐abundant water. The CdS‐F/G shows ultrafast interfacial electrons/holes transfer and holes self‐trapping process in photocatalysis. The in‐situ dynamic study from transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the sub‐microsecond‐lived excited states (≈172.6 ns), interfacial electron transfer (≈30.3 ps), and hole trapping (≈44.0 ps) in the CdS‐F/G photocatalyst. The efficient active species transportation and prolonged lifetime significantly enhance the charge separation state survival, increasing the photoactivity and photostability. Consequently, visible‐light activity enhancement (>400%) of H2 evolution reaction (HER) is obtained at the CdS‐F/G photocatalyst with high stability (>36 h). The 127.2 µmol h−1 g−1 performance corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 7.24% at 420 nm is not only higher than the case of pristine CdS (29.2 µmol h−1 g−1) but also much higher than that of CdS‐Pt photocatalyst (73.8 µmol h−1 g−1). The cost‐effective CdS‐F/G photocatalyst exhibits a great potential for sustainable and high‐efficiency photocatalytic water splitting into clean energy carriers. Moreover, the optimized electronic structure associated with interfacial electrons/holes transfer and holes self‐trapping promotes overall water splitting for H2 and O2 generation.
In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Calcium‐Linked Degradable Coacervate Nanocomplex Co‐Delivering Photosensitizer and TLR7/8 Agonist to Trigger Effective Anti‐Tumor Immune Responses
Authors: Liu Yutong , Li Hui , Zhao Huajun , Hao Yanyun , Van Herck Simon , Xu Zejun , Wang Guan , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xinke , Ge Xiaoyan , Li Xia , Yang Ailu , Chen Hongfei , Zou Jing , Wang Wentao , De Geest Bruno G. , Zhang Zhiyue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn situ anti‐tumor vaccination is an attractive type of cancer immunotherapy which relies on the effectiveness of dendritic cells (DCs) to engulf tumor antigens, become activated, and present antigens to T cells in lymphoid tissue. Here, a multifunctional nanocomplex based on calcium crosslinked polyaspartic acid conjugated to either a toll‐like receptor (TLR)7/8 agonist or a photosensitizer is reported. Intratumoral administration of the nanocomplex followed by laser irradiation induces cell killing and hence generation of a pool of tumor‐associated antigens, with concomitant promotion of DCs maturation and expansion of T cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes. Suppression of tumor growth is observed both at the primary site and at the distal site, thereby hinting at successful induction of an adaptive anti‐tumor response. This strategy holds promise for therapeutic application in a pre‐operative and post‐operative setting to leverage to mutanome of the patient's own tumor to mount immunological memory to clear residual tumor cells and metastasis.
Immunomodulation Strategies for the Successful Regeneration of a Tissue‐Engineered Vascular Graft
Authors: Zhang Fan , King Martin W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease leads to the highest morbidity worldwide. There is an urgent need to solve the lack of a viable arterial graft for patients requiring coronary artery bypass surgery. The current gold standard is to use the patient's own blood vessel, such as a saphenous vein graft. However, some patients do not have appropriate vessels to use because of systemic disease or secondary surgery. On the other hand, there is no commercially available synthetic vascular graft available on the market for small diameter (<6 mm) blood vessels like coronary, carotid, and peripheral popliteal arteries. Tissue‐engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are studied in recent decades as a promising alternative to synthetic arterial prostheses. Yet only a few studies have proceeded to a clinical trial. Recent studies have uncovered that the host immune response can be directed toward increasing the success of a TEVG by shedding light on ways to modulate the macrophage response and improve the tissue regeneration outcome. In this review, the basic concepts of vascular tissue engineering and immunoengineering are considered. The state‐of‐art of TEVGs is summarized and the role of macrophages in TEVG regeneration is analyzed. Current immunomodulatory strategies based on biomaterials are also discussed.
Creating Composite Vortex Beams with a Single Geometric Metasurface
Authors: Ming Yang , Intaravanne Yuttana , Ahmed Hammad , Kenney Mitchell , Lu Yan‐qing , Chen Xianzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComposite vortex beams (CVBs) have attracted considerable interest recently due to the unique optical properties and potential applications. However, these beams are mainly generated using spatial light modulators, which suffer from large volume, high cost, and limited resolution. Benefiting from the ultrathin nature and unprecedented capability in light manipulation, optical metasurfaces provide a compact platform to perform this task. A metasurface approach to creating these CVBs is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The design is based on the superposition of multiple circularly polarized vortex beams with different topological charges, which is realized based on a geometric metasurface consisting of metallic nanorods with spatially variant orientations. The effects of the initial phases, amplitude coefficients, incident polarization state, and propagation distance on the generated CVBs, which are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction, are experimentally analyzed. This work has opened a new avenue for engineering CVBs with a minimal footprint, which has promising applications ranging from multiple optical traps to quantum science.
Preparation of Stable Superhydrophobic Coatings on Complex‐Shaped Substrates
Authors: Zhang Rong , Wei Jinfei , Zhang Jiaojiao , Yang Yanfei , Xie Hua , Liang Weidong , Zhang Junping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces have potential applications in many fields, but are seriously hindered by their complicated preparation methods and low mechanical stability. Thus, novel strategies for efficient preparation of robust superhydrophobic surfaces on various substrates are highly desired. Here, the preparation of stable superhydrophobic coatings on complex‐shaped substrates by the combination of phase separation and dip‐coating is reported. The coatings show excellent superhydrophobicity for both water and other frequently used liquids, superior impalement resistance, and high stability. Moreover, this strategy can make diverse complex‐shaped substrates superhydrophobic, outperforming the conventional methods. The strategy also has many other merits such as simple, fast (<1 min), scalable (50 kg stock solution per batch and large superhydrophobic samples), and low cost (7.8 CNY m−2 or 1.2 UDS m−2). The superhydrophobic coatings may find applications in many fields including anticorrosion and antiicing, and the findings here will inspire straightforward preparation of robust superhydrophobic coatings on diverse substrates.
A Novel Ratiometric Fluorescent Approach for the Modulation of the Dynamic Range of Lateral Flow Immunoassays
Authors: Sena‐Torralba Amadeo , Torné‐Morató Helena , Parolo Claudio , Ranjbar Saba , Farahmand Nejad Mohammad Amin , Álvarez‐Diduk Ruslan , Idili Andrea , Hormozi‐Nezhad Mohammad Reza , Merkoçi Arben 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe majority of lateral flow assays (LFAs) use single‐color optical labels to provide a qualitative naked‐eye detection, however this detection method displays two important limitations. First, the use of a single‐color label makes the LFA prone to results misinterpretation. Second, it does not allow the precise modulation of the sensitivity and dynamic range of the test. To overcome these limitations, a ratiometric approach is developed. In particular, using anti‐HIgG functionalized red‐fluorescent quantum dots on the conjugate pad (as target dependent labels) and blue‐fluorescent nanoparticles fixed on the test line (as target independent reporters), it is possible to generate a wide color palette (blue, purple, pink, red) on the test line. It is believed that this strategy will facilitate the development of LFAs by easily adjusting their analytical properties to the needs required by the specific application.
The Intrinsic Photoluminescence Spectrum of Perovskite Films
Authors: van der Pol Tom P. A. , Datta Kunal , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotoluminescence spectroscopy is a simple and powerful characterization technique to determine material properties and dynamic effects in metal–halide perovskite optoelectronic systems. However, self‐absorption and thin film cavity effects, amplified due to their high refractive indices, can have a significant impact on spectral lineshapes, affecting the inferences drawn from such characterization. In this work, key variables extrinsic to the perovskite material influencing the photoluminescence spectrum of perovskite thin films are identified and an optical model to account for these factors is proposed. The model is used to extract the intrinsic spectrum of a film using complex refractive indices and film thickness as input variables. Lastly, the use of the model is extended to multilayer systems to demonstrate its applicability to complex device‐relevant stacks.
Effective Antifogging Coating from Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Polymer Heteronetwork
Authors: Shi Junhe , Xu Liju , Qiu Dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFogging on optical devices may severely impair vision, resulting in unacceptable adverse consequences. Hydrophilic coatings can prevent surface fogging by instantly facilitating pseudo‐film water condensation but suffer from short antifogging duration due to water film thickening with further condensation. Here, an innovative strategy is reported to achieve longer antifogging duration via thickening the robust bonded hydrophilic/hydrophobic polymer heteronetwork coating to enhance its water absorption capacity. The combination of strong interfacial adhesion and hydrophilic/hydrophobic heteronetwork structure is key to this approach, which avoids interfacial failure and swelling‐induced wrinkles under typical fogging conditions. The developed antifogging coating exhibits prolonged antifogging durations over a wide temperature range for repetitious usages. Eyeglasses coated with this coating successfully maintained fog‐free vision in two typical scenarios. Besides, the coating recipes developed in this study also have potential as underwater glues as they demonstrate strong adhesions to both glass and polymer substrates in wet conditions.
A Highly Efficient Phosphorescence/Fluorescence Supramolecular Switch Based on a Bromoisoquinoline Cascaded Assembly in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Dai Xian‐Yin , Hu Yu‐Yang , Sun Yonghui , Huo Man , Dong Xiaoyun , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite ongoing research into photocontrolled supramolecular switches, reversible photoswitching between room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and delayed fluorescence is rare in the aqueous phase. Herein, an efficient RTP‐fluorescence switch based on a cascaded supramolecular assembly is reported, which is constructed using a 6‐bromoisoquinoline derivative (G3), cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A4), and a photochromic spiropyran (SP) derivative. Benefiting from the confinement effect of CB[7], initial complexation with CB[7] arouses an emerging RTP signal at 540 nm for G3. This structure subsequently coassembles with amphiphilic SC4A4 to form tight spherical nanoparticles, thereby further facilitating RTP emission (≈12 times) in addition to a prolonged lifetime (i.e., 1.80 ms c.f., 50.1 µs). Interestingly, following cascaded assembly with a photocontrolled energy acceptor (i.e., SP), the efficient light‐driven RTP energy transfer occurs when SP is transformed to its fluorescent merocyanine (MC) state. Ultimately, this endows the final system with an excellent RTP–fluorescence photoswitching property accompanied by multicolor tunable long‐lived emission. Moreover, this switching process can be reversibly modulated over multiple cycles under alternating UV and visible photoirradiation. Finally, the prepared switch is successfully applied to photocontrolled multicolor cell labeling to offer a new approach for the design and fabrication of novel advanced light‐responsive RTP materials in aqueous environments.
Subsurface banding poultry litter influences edamame yield, forage quality, and leaf greenness
Authors: Ashworth Amanda J. , Adams Taylor C. , Nieman Christine , Franco Jose G. , Owens Phillip R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoultry litter is generated in large quantities throughout the southeastern United States and is an excellent nutrient source for increasing crop yields. However, surface applications result in nutrient losses to air, soil, and water. Subsurface banding poultry litter is a promising technology for reducing nutrient losses to surface and groundwater, but information is needed on optimum crop seeding distance from bands. This study evaluated edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Edamame’] yield (residue, pod, and total plant), crop quality, and leaf greenness. Subsurface banded poultry litter and crop row distances (13, 25, and 38 cm) were compared with surface‐applied poultry litter (all received 168 kg ha−1 total N) under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions from 2019 to 2020. Both chlorophyll and edamame total yields were greatest (P ≤ .05) under subsurface banding litter, relative to surface applications, regardless of distance. Overall, greatest total crop yields were observed for 13‐ and 25‐cm banding distances under irrigation and the 38‐cm distance, irrespective of irrigation, relative to surface applications. Residue nutritive value for the 13‐cm distance was greater under irrigation than dryland. Both systems provided high levels of nutritive residual mass, thus edamame could be used as a vegetable crop and a forage following harvest. Overall, subsurface banding poultry litter in conservation tillage systems is a viable replacement to surface applications for edamame production (vegetable and fodder), particularly in organic systems. Results can be used to develop nutrient management plans for organic edamame and other specialty crop production systems in the Mid‐South.
Improving the load flexibility of industrial air separation units using a pressure‐driven digital twin
Authors: Kender Robert , Rößler Felix , Wunderlich Bernd , Pottmann Martin , Thomas Ingo , Ecker Anna‐Maria , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAir separation units are one of the prime examples for studies on demand side management and (non‐)linear model predictive control due to their high power consumption and energy storage potential. These plants separate ambient air into its main components, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, by means of cryogenic distillation at different pressure levels. Approximately two thirds of the industrially operated air separation units consider the separation of argon either as a value product or for reasons of energy efficiency. However, most of the studies in literature neglect the separation of argon since this requires additional equipment, increases the heat and process integration and, thus, the complexity of process control. In this work, a digital twin of an air separation unit with argon system is used to analyze and to improve load change procedures. Moreover, the potential of applying the digital twin as a soft sensor is demonstrated.
Cultural efficacy as a novel component of understanding linkages between culture and mental health in Indigenous communities
Authors: Gonzalez Miigis B. , Sittner Kelley J. , Walls Melissa L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe used a novel measure of cultural efficacy to examine empirical pathways between enculturation, efficacy, and two wellbeing outcomes. Cultural factors are not consistently linked to better wellbeing in the academic literature despite widespread understanding of these processes in Indigenous communities. Healing pathways is a community‐based participatory study with eight reservations/reserves in the upper Midwest and Canada. This study uses data collected in 2017–2018 (n = 453, 58.1% women, mean age = 26.3 years) and structural equation modeling to test the relationships between enculturation, cultural efficacy, and mental health. The direct effect of enculturation on anxiety was positive. The indirect effect of enculturation via cultural efficacy was negatively associated with anxiety and positively associated with positive mental health. Cultural efficacy is an important linking variable through which the protective effects of culture manifest. The complex nature of culture must be met with innovative measures and deep understanding of Indigenous peoples to fully capture the protective role of culture.
Natural killer cells: Innate immune system as a part of adaptive immunotherapy in hematological malignancies
Authors: Demel Ivo , Koristek Zdenek , Motais Benjamin , Hajek Roman , Jelinek Tomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are part of a phylogenetically old defense system, which is characterized by its strong cytolytic function against physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus‐infected cells. Their use in the treatment of hematological malignancies may be more advantageous in several ways when compared with the already established T lymphocyte‐based immunotherapy. Given the different mechanisms of action, allogeneic NK cell products can be produced in a non‐personal based manner without the risk of the formidable graft‐versus‐host disease. Advanced manufacturing processes are capable of producing NK cells relatively easily in large and clinically sufficient numbers, useable without subsequent manipulations or after genetic modifications, which can solve the lack of specificity and improve clinical efficacy of NK cell products. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of NK cells and provides a quick overview of their sources. Results of clinical trials in hematological malignancies are presented, and strategies on how to improve the clinical outcome of NK cell therapy are discussed.
Primate cognition in zoos: Reviewing the impact of zoo‐based research over 15 years
Authors: McEwen Emma S. , Warren Elizabeth , Tenpas Sadie , Jones Benjamin , Durdevic Kresimir , Rapport Munro Emilie , Call Josep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrimate cognition research is reliant on access to members of the study sp ecies and logistical infrastructures to conduct observations and experiments. Historically founded in research centers and private collections, and spreading to modern zoos, sanctuaries, and the field, primate cognition has been investigated in diverse settings, each with benefits and challenges. In our systematic review of 12 primatology, animal behavior, and animal cognition journals over the last 15 years, we turn a spotlight on zoos to quantify their current impact on the field and to highlight their potential as robust contributors to future work. To put zoo‐based research in context, we compare zoos to three other site types: university‐owned or independent research centers, sanctuaries, and field sites. We assess the contributions of zoos across several critical considerations in primate cognition research, including number of investigations, species diversity, sample size, research topic diversity, and methodology. We identified 1119 publications reporting studies of primate cognition, almost 25% of which report research conducted in zoos. Across publications, zoo‐based research has greater species diversity than research centers and covers a diverse range of research topics. Although our review is merely a snapshot of primate cognition research, our findings suggest that zoos may present advantages to researchers regarding species diversity, and lack some of the methodological constraints of field sites, allowing greater ease of access to a diverse range of subjects for cognition investigations. We suggest that zoos have great potential as key contributors for future investigations in primate cognition. Finally, we shed light on the symbiotic relationship that can emerge between researchers and zoos, forming partnerships that bring unique advantages to both parties.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and Mitochondrial Proteins in Neural‐Derived Exosomes of COVID‐19
Authors: Peluso Michael J. , Deeks Steven G. , Mustapic Maja , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Henrich Timothy J. , Lu Scott , Goldberg Sarah A. , Hoh Rebecca , Chen Jessica Y. , Martinez Enrique O. , Kelly J. Daniel , Martin Jeffrey N. , Goetzl Edward J. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAs SARS‐CoV‐2 is known to invade neural cell mitochondria, a plasma system for quantifying central nervous system proteins in living humans was used to investigate neuropathogenic mechanisms of long‐COVID‐19.MethodsSARS‐CoV‐2 proteins and mitochondrial proteins (MPs) in enriched plasma neuron‐derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) and astrocyte‐derived EVs (ADEVs) were quantified in resolved acute COVID‐19 without post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC), PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP), PASC with NP and healthy controls.ResultsNDEV and ADEV mean levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 S1 and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were higher in all PASC sub‐groups than controls, but only N levels were higher in PASC with than without NP. Exosome marker CD81‐normalized NDEV mean levels of subunit 6 of MP respiratory chain complex I and subunit 10 of complex III, and neuroprotective MPs Humanin and mitochondrial open‐reading frame of the 12S rRNA‐c (MOTS‐c) all were decreased significantly in PASC with NP but not in PASC without NP relative to controls. NDEV levels of MPs voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) were decreased in PASC without and with NP, whereas those of calcium channel MPs mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX) and leucine zipper EF‐hand containing transmembrane 1 protein (LETM1) were decreased only in PASC with NP. ADEV levels of MCU and NCLX only were increased in PASC without and with NP.InterpretationAbnormal NDEV and ADEV levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 N and S1 protein and MPs correlate with NP and may be biomarkers for long‐COVID prognostics and therapeutic trials. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:772–781
Funktionalisierte Cofaktor‐Analoga für die Erforschung von Interaktomen und darüber hinaus
Authors: Wilkinson Isabel V. L. , Pfanzelt Martin , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCofaktoren werden für beinahe die Hälfte aller Enzymreaktionen benötigt. Ihre Funktionen und Bindungspartner sind jedoch auch nach jahrzehntelanger Forschung noch nicht vollständig verstanden. Funktionalisierte Cofaktoren (Analoga), die anstelle des natürlichen Cofaktors binden, können darauf Antworten liefern und den Aktivitätsbereich des jeweiligen Cofaktors aufklären. Mithilfe chemischer Proteomik‐Ansätze wie des aktivitätsbasierten Protein‐Profilings können das Interaktom und die Lokalisierung des nativen Cofaktors in seiner physiologischen Umgebung entschlüsselt und bisher uncharakterisierte Proteine annotiert werden. Darüber hinaus können Cofaktoren, die funktionelle Gruppen an Substrat‐Biomoleküle übertragen, genutzt werden, um als Analoge Enzyme ortsspezifisch zu markieren und die komplexe Biologie der posttranslationalen Proteinmodifikation zu untersuchen. Die vielfältige Aktivität von Cofaktoren hat die Entwicklung von deren Analoga für den Einsatz als Inhibitoren, Antibiotika sowie Chemo‐ und Biosensoren inspiriert. Darüber hinaus haben Cofaktor‐Konjugate die Herstellung neuartiger Enzyme und künstlicher DNA‐Enzyme ermöglicht.