bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apixaban versus Warfarin for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Receiving Long-Term Dialysis
Authors: Wetmore James B. , Herzog Charles A. , Yan Heng , Reyes Jorge L. , Weinhandl Eric D. , Roetker Nicholas S. 
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives
The association of apixaban compared with warfarin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients receiving maintenance dialysis is not well studied.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries receiving dialysis using United States Renal Data System data from 2013 to 2018. The study included patients who received a new prescription for apixaban or warfarin following a venous thromboembolism diagnosis. The outcomes were recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and death. Outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression for intention-to-treat and censored-at-drug-switch-or-discontinuation analyses. Models incorporated inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights to minimize confounding and informative censoring.

Results
In 12,206 individuals, apixaban, compared with warfarin, was associated with lower risks of both recurrent venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.43 to 0.77) and major bleeding (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.98) in the intention-to-treat analysis over 6 months of follow-up. However, there was no difference between apixaban and warfarin in terms of risk of all-cause death (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.16). Corresponding hazard ratios for the 6-month censored-at-drug-switch-or-discontinuation analysis and for corresponding analyses limited to a shorter (3-month) follow-up were all highly similar to the primary analysis.

Conclusions
In a large group of US patients on dialysis with recent venous thromboembolism, we observed that apixaban was associated with lower risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and of major bleeding than warfarin. There was no observed difference in mortality.
The Strength of Performance Incentives, Pay Dispersion, and Lower-Paid Employee Effort
Authors: Brown Conor V. C. , Evans John Harry , Moser Donald V. , Presslee Adam 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The strength of performance incentives differs for employees within an organization. We describe how differences in incentive strength can lead to pay dispersion because employees facing stronger incentives work harder and earn more pay than those facing weaker incentives. We then conduct four experiments examining how the lower-paid employees respond to such pay dispersion. Consistent with our hypothesis derived from referent cognitions theory, we find that such pay dispersion decreases the lower-paid employees' perceived fairness and thus their effort. These results hold whether the employees are assigned to or self-select into the job with weaker incentives and whether they have more explicit or less explicit information about the economic rationale for the difference in incentive strength. Our findings are inconsistent with conventional economic reasoning and refine the conclusions from prior pay dispersion studies. The robustness of our results demonstrates their generalizability to a range of actual employment settings.
Data Availability: Data and experimental instruments are available upon request.
JEL Classifications: M41; M52; M55.
Carbohydrate Tolerance Threshold for Unannounced Snacks in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using an Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System
Authors: Tornese Gianluca , Carletti Claudia , Giangreco Manuela , Nisticò Daniela , Faleschini Elena , Barbi Egidio 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
To find a carbohydrate (CHO) tolerance threshold for unannounced snacks to avoid the 2 h increase in glycemia (difference between pre- and postmeal blood glucose [ΔBG]) ≥50 mg/dL in advanced hybrid closed-loop (a-HCL) users.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fourteen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (7 females; mean age [± SD] 14.5 ± 3.6 years), users of the Medtronic MiniMed 780G, participated in the study. For 12 days, they did not perform insulin bolus before breakfasts, with defined different quantities and types of CHO, with or without fats, performing blood glucose (BG) before and 2 h after the meal.

RESULTS
A cutoff of 19.8 g of total CHO was found to determine a ΔBG of 50 mg/dL. BG never exceeded 250 mg/dL. Mean time in range was ≥70% in the 2 h following each snack.

CONCLUSIONS
Unannounced snacks of up to 20 g of CHO can avoid ΔBG ≥50 mg/dL in MiniMed 780G users, although unannounced meals of up to 30 g of CHO are safe.
Modernization and Ways to Improve Reliability of Oil Supply to Steam Turbine Units for DPM-2
Authors: Goloshumova V. N. , Kvartalov D. D. , Brodov Yu. M. 
Published: May 2022

Russia has announced a DPM-2 programme to modernize old power plant equipment. One of the main areas of modernization is the replacement of some of the equipment while maintaining the foundations, building structures, most of the equipment and piping of the turbine unit. It is common practice to introduce additional equipment, such as control and protection units for electro-hydraulic control systems, as well as new pipework, which leads to problems in the layout of the steam turbine unit.The oil system is an integral part of the turbine unit. It accounts for a significant proportion of the cell volume of the steam turbine unit layout. This property of the system can be used to solve problems associated with the layout of a steam turbine unit in modernizations. A solution is proposed for redesigned layout of the oil system in the cell by introducing an oil supply module (station) into the structure of the steam turbine unit. As of now, there are no commercially available offers of an oil station with the required oil tank capacity. The oil station module is arranged at places free from equipment of the cell, for example, at the 0.000 elevation or under the upper operating mark near the generator and below the level of turbine unit bearings to enable oil drainage by gravity. The main differences are outlined between the proposed oil station and the existing oil system.The oil system determines the reliable and trouble-free operation of the steam turbine unit. In order to be able to introduce an oil supply module into operation it is necessary to design the system based on the requirement of maximum reliability. Reliability analysis of oil supply unit has been carried out. The regularities between the designer's decisions and the reliability of the resulting system are revealed. The influence is considered of the oil station components on individual reliability constituents: survivability, durability, fail-safety, maintainability, fire safety.
Characterization of fungal exposure and dectin-1 expression in healthy horses and horses with severe asthma
Authors: Di Pietro Rebecca , Dubuc Valérie , Manguin Estelle , Giroux-Lafond Roxane , Bédard Christian , Boivin Roxane , Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Vesper Stephen J. , Leclere Mathilde 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To quantify dectin-1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), create polyclonal antibodies against equine dectin-1 and localize it in tissues, and quantify fungal exposure in pastured and stabled asthmatic and nonasthmatic horses.

SAMPLES
BALF samples from 6 controls and 6 horses with severe asthma. Stored lung and nasal wash samples.

PROCEDURES
Dectin-1 expression was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Purified peptide from equine dectin-1 was used to generate polyclonal antibodies and was confirmed with immunological testing. Fungal exposure was quantified in BALF samples by counting fungal-like intracellular particles in phagocytic cells, by qPCR quantification of the “universal” 18S rRNA fungal gene, and by quantifying 36 specific fungi in equine and dust samples using qPCR assays.

RESULTS
Equine dectin-1 was localized in tissues and cells, and functional isoforms were upregulated significantly in BALF after stabling. Pastured horses from both groups had low levels of fungi in BALF, and there was a significant increase in some specific fungi, most notably for Eurotium amstelodami, Wallemia sebi, and Aspergillus niger after stabling. However, stabled asthmatic horses had fewer phagocytized particles, less 18S rRNA signal, and fewer specific fungi compared to nonasthmatic horses.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Stabling increases exposure to fungi, but asthmatic horses had fewer fungi reaching their lower airways, presumably resulting from congestion and narrowing of the airways. Exposure to fungi could contribute to airway inflammation by increasing dectin-1 functional isoforms, and exposure to indoor molds should be avoided.
Quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound estimates intrahepatic portal vascularity in dogs with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Nagumo Takahiro , Ishigaki Kumiko , Yoshida Orie , Sakurai Naoki , Terai Kazuyuki , Heishima Tatsuya , Asano Kazushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical impact on quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) on single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PSS) in dogs.

ANIMALS
21 client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic PSS and 5 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES
In all dogs, CEUS was performed to calculate the rising time (RT), rising rate (RR), and portal vein-to-hepatic parenchyma transit time (ΔHP-PV) from the time-intensity curve obtained in the hepatic parenchyma and portal vein. All dogs in the PSS group underwent preoperative CT angiography (CTA) and surgery. The CEUS variables in the PSS group were compared with those in the healthy dogs (control group) and were analyzed for shunt types and grades of intrahepatic portal venous branches based on CTA findings, intraoperative portal pressure, and surgical procedures.

RESULTS
All 3 CEUS variables showed no significant differences between the PSS and control groups. The RT and ΔHP-PV in the left gastrophrenic shunt group were significantly longer than in the other shunt types. In the intrahepatic portal vascularity, the RT in grade 1 was significantly shorter than in grades 3 and 4, and the RR in grade 1 was significantly higher than in grade 4. The RT and ΔHP-PV were significantly correlated with portal pressure variables. The RT in dogs with partial ligation was significantly shorter than in dogs with complete ligation and percutaneous transvenous coil embolization.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Quantitative assessments of CEUS may be useful for estimating intrahepatic portal vascularity in dogs with single extrahepatic PSS.
Escherichia coli pathotype contamination in raw canine diets
Authors: Gibson Jordan F. , Parker Valerie J. , Howard James P. , Snell Chloe M. , Cross Emily W. , Pagliughi Lauren B. , Diaz-Campos Dubraska , Winston Jenessa A. , Rudinsky Adam J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli contamination and E coli virulence gene signatures consistent with known E coli pathotypes in commercially available conventional diets and raw-meat–based diets (RMBDs).

SAMPLE
40 diets in total (19 conventionally cooked kibble or canned diets and 21 RMBDs) obtained from retail stores or online distributors.

PROCEDURES
Each diet was cultured for E coli contamination in 3 separate container locations using standard microbiological techniques. Further characterization of E coli isolates was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based pathotype and virulence gene analysis.

RESULTS
Conventional diets were negative in all culture based testing. In RMBDs, bacterial contamination was similar to previous reports in the veterinary literature, with 66% (14/21) of the RMBDs having positive cultures for E coli. Among the 191 confirmed E coli isolates from these diets, 31.9% (61/191) were positive for virulence genes. Categorized by pathotype, isolates presumptively belonging to the neonatal meningitis E coli pathotype (15.7% [30/191]) were the most common, followed by enterohemorrhagic E coli (10.5% [20/191]), enteropathogenic E coli (5.8% [11/191]), uropathogenic E coli (2.1% [4/191]), and diffusely adherent E coli (1.6% [3/191]).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The results of this study reaffirmed the bacteriologic risks previously associated with RMBDs. Furthermore, potential zoonotic concerns associated with identified pathotypes in these diets may have significant consequences for owners in the animals’ home environment. Potential risk associated with bacterial contamination should be addressed in animals fed RMBDs.
Second Primary Malignancies After Initial Cutaneous Angiosarcoma: A SEER population-Based Study
Authors: Ramachandran Vignesh , Loya Asad , Phan Kevin 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The epidemiology of second primary malignancies is an under-investigated domain within dermatology. This notion is particularly true for more uncommon cutaneous oncologic diseases. While general epidemiological characteristics and survival data of patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma have been reported before, there is no investigation of the incidence and types of second primary malignancies (SPMs) that these patients face, which has relevance to screening and surveillance.
Methods: The National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was utilized in this study. Initial cases of CAS were extracted and analyzed using standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risks (EAR) for SPMs relative to a control population, which was matched by sex, race (white/unknown, black, other), age group (5-year interval), and calendar year (5-year interval). EAR was calculated per 10,000 persons. P-value <0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Results: Compared to a matched cohort from the general population, patients with CAS demonstrated increased incidence of new malignancies (SIR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05-2.17; EAR 107.02). Specifically, there was increased risk of soft tissue malignancies, and non-epithelial skin malignancies other than melanoma/basal cell/squamous cell.
Discussion: SPMs may be linked to many etiologies, including genetic susceptibility, treatment-related sequelae, lifestyle/environmental factors, or shared risk factors. Indefinite treatments may induce SPMs. Recently, immunotherapy/immune-modulating drugs have been used to treat CAS4; this therapy may increase the risk of SPMs via immunosuppression. Shared etiology (i.e. blood vessel or soft tissue-derived neoplasms) may also explain SPMs observed. Importantly, CAS is associated with high recurrence even after complete resection.
Parents’ attitude toward assisted oral hygiene care for their children
Authors: Poornima U. , Luke Alexander Maniangat , Mathew Simy 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
This study was conducted to understand the attitudes of parents toward oral hygiene care for children.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the parent’s reasons for brushing or not brushing their child’s teeth. Convenience sampling method was followed and 100 parents filled the 12-item self-administered questionnaire.

Results:
About 76% of the household mothers were brushing the children’s teeth. Around 41 children did not like to brush their teeth due to unpleasant taste/flavor of toothpaste. In our study, majority of the parents (73%) agreed that it is easier when both of them were present at home while their child is brushing.

Conclusion:
The present study revealed that the awareness and importance of good oral hygiene is less among the parents and the attitude of the parents toward their child’s oral hygiene is positive among mother when compared to father.
ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC CARBON AND MINERAL SALTS OF CYANOBACTERIAL MATS OF SODA LAKES IN TRANSBAIKALIA
Authors: Дмитриева О.М. , Бархутова Д.Д. 
Published: May 2022

Проведено исследование изотопного состава углерода органического вещества и карбонатов циано-бактериальных матов содовых озер Забайкалья (Верхнее Белое и Хилганта). Установлено, что органическое вещество циано-бактериальных матов отличается более низким содержанием изотопа 13С от поглощаемой ими углекислоты. Для биосинтеза органического вещества фототрофные организмы матов озера Верхнее Белое преимущественно используют биогенную углекислоту, содержащую более легкий изотоп 12С. Фотосинтетики матов озера Хилганта связывают как биогенную, так и атмосферную углекислоту. Изотопный состав углерода карбонатов исследованных матов близок к составу изотопов углерода осадочных карбонатов.
A study of the isotopic composition of organic carbon and carbonates of cyanobacterial mats of soda lakes in Transbaikalia (lakes Verkhneye Beloye and Hilganta) was conducted. It was discovered that the organic matter of cyanobacterial mats differs in a lower content of the isotope 13C from the carbon dioxide absorbed by them. Phototrophic organisms of the mats from lake Verkhneye Beloe mainly use biogenic carbon dioxide containing a lighter isotope 12C for the biosynthesis of organic matter. Photosynthesizing microorganisms of Lake Hilganta bond biogenic as well as atmospheric carbon dioxide. The isotopic composition of mineral carbon of mats studied is close to the composition of carbon isotopes of residual carbonates.
GILBERT’S SYNDROME. A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Мисирова Л.М. , Жабоева М.Р. , Ногеров Ю.Н. , Нотов А.А. , Юсупова А.М. , Юсупова А.М. 
Published: May 2022

Синдром Жильбера – это наследственное заболевание, развивающееся в результате повышения показателей непрямого билирубина в сыворотке крови и характеризующееся благоприятным течением. Целью данной статьи является ретроспективный анализ историй болезней больных с синдромом Жильбера, изучение особенностей течения заболевания с приведением клинического случая.
Gilbert’s syndrome is a hereditary disease that develops as a result of an increase in indirect bilirubin in the blood serum and is characterized by a favorable course. The purpose of this article is a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of patients with Gilbert’s syndrome, the study of the features of the course of the disease with the presentation of a clinical case.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A SHORT-CLOSED ROTOR, ACCORDING TO THE EFFECT OF CURRENT DISPLACEMENT AND MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
Authors: Старцев А.Э. , Тетеревлева Е.В. , Отев К.С. , Жвакин М.С. 
Published: May 2022

В статье рассмотрена методика построения математической модели асинхронной машины, учитывающая эффект вытеснения тока и насыщения стали магнитопровода полями рассеяния. В результате теоретических исследований подробно представлен алгоритм реализации блоков вытеснения тока и насыщения магнитопровода в пакете Simulink.
The article considers the method of constructing a mathematical model of an asynchronous machine, taking into account the effect of current displacement and saturation of magnetic core steel by scattering fields. As a result of theoretical research, an algorithm for implementing current displacement and saturation blocks of the magnetic circuit in the Simulink package is presented in detail.
Pas de langues, ni de territoires, ni d'ethnies chez les «primitifs» : une leçon d'anthropologie post-nationaliste
Authors: D’Ans André-Marcel 
Published: May 2022

Une constante de l’idéologie nationaliste est de tenir pour avérée l’existence fondatrice d’entités respectivement territoriales, linguistiques et socio-politiques, postulant au surplus entre ces trois instances une cohésion fondamentale, qui serait productrice d’identité.
Relayée par la propagande auto-promotionnelle des États-nations, cet ensemble d’assertions doctrinales s’est divulgué depuis plus d’un siècle avec tant de vigueur qu’il a fini par échapper à la vigilance de toute critique, acquérant la solidité d’une sorte de paradigme, dans lequel tout naturellement l’ethnologie naissante coula ses premières recherches. Avec pour résultat qu’aujourd’hui nul ne peut plus savoir si c’est l’ethnologie qui est à la remorque de l’idéologie nationaliste ou si c’est le contraire, tant les points de vue de l’une renvoient à ceux de l’autre, et vice-versa.
Voilà pourtant l’ethnologie se trouve maintenant au pied du mur : pour échapper au soupçon de complicité avec le déchaînement d’atrocités qui endeuille cette fin de siècle, il lui faut redéfinir ses apriorismes, réviser ses méthodes, changer de phraséologie et peut-être même de nom, afin de surmonter le handicap d’une terminologie qui, consciemment ou non, ramène tout au concept de nation, et pouvoir recadrer son objet dans une perspective nouvelle.
La langue et la nation : le cas slovaque
Authors: Ferenčuhová Bohumila 
Published: May 2022

Dans son ouvrage Nations et nationalisme, Arnošt (Ernest) Gellner exprime, entre autre, une thèse selon laquelle il existe dans le monde un grand nombre de nations potentielles et que c’est le nationalisme qui engendre les nations, pas l’inverse. Tzevtan Todorov, de son côté souligne que la nation est une entité à la fois politique et culturelle, née avec l’époque moderne. Il mentionne aussi que c’est grâce à l’existence d’une conscience culturelle nationale que l’idée d’autonomie politique prend de l’essor. L’État peut, d’une part, permettre à la nation-comme-culture de s’affirmer et de s’épanouir, d’autre part, la culture commune n’est pas nécessairement nationale – l’existence d’un état autonome n’est ni suffisante ni nécessaire à la survie d’une culture particulière.
De nos jours, les Slovaques existent, sans aucun doute, comme nation à la fois politique et culturelle, même pour ceux qui persistent à penser que seule une entité dotée d’une structure étatique peut prétendre se désigner comme nation. Mais depuis quand en est-il ainsi ?
La «querelle des langues», une querelle sur les langues (d'après la presse juive d'expression russe, autour de 1910)
Authors: Markish Shimon 
Published: May 2022

« La querelle des langues » est le titre d’un article d’Ahad Haam (pseudonyme d’Asher Ginsberg, 1856-1927), philosophe et publiciste, fondateur et chef incontesté du « sionisme spirituel », qui avait pour but la renaissance de la conscience nationale et de l’essence spirituelle du judaïsme. L’article fut écrit dans le numéro de février de la revue juive (en hébreu) « Ha-Shiloah », qui en 1910 était publiée à Odessa. Les « langues en querelle » étaient l’hébreu (hébreu ancien) et le yiddish (« jargon », langue « de la masse », langue « de la rue ») ; la langue de la culture et du culte, qui avait cessé d’être parlée il y a plus de 2500 ans et la langue vivante, langue maternelle de la majorité des Juifs de l’Europe d’alors et, vraisemblablement, des originaires d’Europe et de leurs descendants dans les deux Amériques. L’objet de la dispute était le droit d’être et de s’appeler la « langue nationale ».
Le théâtre de l'identité : la parodie comme indice du mélange des langues
Authors: Puccinelli Orlandi Eni 
Published: May 2022

L’objet de notre réflexion est l’ambivalence symbolique de la présence de deux langues dans le même sujet parlant. Le corpus est constitué par la parodie Migna Terra [Mon Pays] (1924), de Juó Bananére (pseudonyme de Alexandre Marcondes Machado), référée à son « original », le texte Canção do Exílio [Chanson de l’Exil] de Gonçalves Dias (1850), par rapport en outre à un autre point de comparaison : la parodie Canto do Regresso à Pátria [Chanson du retour à la Patrie] de Oswald de Andade (1924).