bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niewystarczalność Prawa w wychowaniu według Listu do Galatów
Authors: Stasiak Sławomir 
Published: July 2022

St. Paul in his Letter to the Galatians does not criticise all the stipulations of Law. He pays attention only to the works required by the Law and rejects them as insufficient for the proper education of the Christians. Considering this insufficiency of the Law, St. Paul claims that it was based on inheritance and not on the promise given to Abraham (3:16). The Law was limited and served as an educator (3:24-25). So, the purpose and the way of education is the Gospel of Christ (1:6-9) which the Apostle received directly from the Resurrected (1:12) and then presented to the most influential people in Jerusalem, thus acquiring their acceptance (2:1-2). Incarnation of the Son of God (4:4-5), crucifixion and death of Jesus (2:19-21, 3:1, 6:14) and the descent of the Holy Spirit (4:6) are the three essential elements of Paul’s Gospel. Another crucial constituent of education according to the Letter to the Galatians is faith (2:16), and more precisely, the obedience of faith (3:1-5), which in no case can be connected with the stipulations of Law.
Tajemnica miłości Bożej w myśli Franciszka Sawickiego
Authors: Mróz Mirosław 
Published: July 2022

Rev. Franciszek Sawicki (1877-1952) was a philosopher, apologist and theologian who thoroughly studied the subject of “God’s eternal love”. Assuming that the most elevated expression for describing God are the words “God is love” (1 J 4:8), Sawicki searched for the most appropriate way to express this truth. He worked in the field of philosophy, theology, and direct life experience. His most significant publications on the subject of God’s love are Filozofia miłości (1924), Bóg jest miłością, Caritas w oświetleniu społecznym i moralno-religijnym (1949). According to Sawicki, man’s life consists not only of a natural dimension (what a man is) but also of his personal life (who a man is). The level of “personality” (the notion used by F. Sawicki) includes both the world of sensual nature, as well as the spiritual dimension of personality, where selfdetermination and responsibility play a special role. Here man’s social and relational assignment should be stressed. It is on the basis of “the ideal of personality” that Sawicki builds up his relational concept of love. It touches upon the intellectual, emotional, and experiential sphere. God, who is Love himself, gave a man power and enabled him to enter into a relationship of love with his Creator and Saviour. It is “the eternal love of God” that provides daily bread and grants his grace resulting from his wisdom and mercy. Sawicki spots the “gesture” of mercy in the commandment of love, which helps man to decide freely about the subject of his love: God, and, through Him and in Him, another man, his neighbour. God’s mercy is particularly emphasized towards those who betrayed the “plan of eternal love of God”. God’s love, in the act of salvation brought by Jesus Christ (“the most personal personality”), is always ready to renew the gift of love in the man. On the other hand, man’s answer should be full of gratitude for “new life” and the renewal of love. It should abound with with acts of mercy towards those who need love, crushed by the burden of “their way”. This way Sawicki sketches the providential plan of the eternal love of God who uses its power to solve the problem of evil and suffering.
Dai frammenti alla storia. Introduzione al Pentateuco
Authors: Napora Krzysztof 
Published: July 2022

Recenzja książki: Germano Galvagno – Federico Giuntoli, Dai frammenti alla storia. Introduzione al Pentateuco (GRAPHÉ 2; Torino: Elledici 2014). Ss. 416. 22 €. ISBN 978-88-01- 04715-8
Duch święty - upajający napój chrześcijan
Authors: Witczyk Henryk 
Published: July 2022

Recenzja książki: Ugo Vanni, L'ebbrezza nello Spirito. Una proposta di spiritualità paolina (Bibbia e preghiera; Roma Edizioni Apostolato della preghiera 2000). Ss. 238. ISBN 9788873572299
Apostolska posługa pojednania (2 Kor 5,14-21)
Authors: Kręcidło Janusz 
Published: July 2022

Tematyka pojednania w 2 Kor 5,14-21 wpisana jest w szerszy kontekst Pawłowej argumentacji zmierzającej do obrony jego apostolskiego autorytetu. Kontekst ten stanowi retorycznie i epistolarnie koherentna jednostka 2,14–7,4 (list apologetyczny), której przewodnią myślą jest ukazanie tożsamości Pawła jako apostoła Chrystusa Jezusa oraz tego, czym jest posługa apostolska i jaki jest status głosicieli Ewangelii. By to osiągnąć, Paweł przedstawia kolejno: źródła swojego apostolskiego autorytetu, cierpienia i nadzieje życia apostolskiego, swoje życie jako reprezentanta Chrystusa w pełnieniu posługi pojednania. W końcu zaś wzywa adresatów do przyjęcia jego apostolskiej misji. Fragment 5,14-21 ma charakter teologicznego wywodu. Paweł przedstawia w nim swoją posługę apostolską na tle zbawczego planu Boga, w perspektywie dzieła pojednania ludzkości z Nim, dokonanego przez Chrystusa. Istotą apostolskiej posługi pojednania wg Pawła jest proklamacja kerygmatu o zbawieniu. Celem tej proklamacji jest aktualizacja tego, co dokonało się poprzez mękę, śmierć i zmartwychwstanie Chrystusa i doprowadzenie ludzi do pojednania z Bogiem, tzn. do tego, by stali się „Bożą sprawiedliwością”.
Influence of pharmaceutical factors on the dissolution profile of granules for oral suspension with nimesulide
Authors: Тарапон К. В. , Тригубчак О. В. 
Published: July 2022

In vitro dissolution profiles are investigated to predict the behavior of the drug in the body and to establish its effectiveness. The choice of medium and dissolution conditions depends on the class of BSC of the active substance or substances that are part of the drug. In this work, nimesulide was chosen as a model substance, which is a sparingly soluble substance of class II BSC, when bioavailability is limited only by dissolution.
The aim of the work was to establish optimal conditions for determining the dissolution profiles of Nimesulide, granules for oral solution, 100 mg/2 g and to study the effect of compositional variables on the release of API.
The subject of the study was granules for oral suspension, made on the basis of nimesulide. In the experiment used the substance nimesulide 3 manufacturers, corn starch and macrogol 20 (polyethylene glycol) cetostearyl ether. The particle size of the substances was investigated by laser diffraction. Determination of nimesulide release was performed by HPLC.
The results of the study of the dissolution profiles of the drug Aulin, granules for oral suspension in pH 6.8, 7.5 and 7.8, where the active substance is not completely released. The addition of surfactants was used to increase the solubility of the drug. It has been experimentally confirmed that when using API nimesulide with a particle size D (90) = 64 μm, the release profiles are below the comparison drug. The similarity of the dissolution profiles of the test agent and the comparison drug provide API with a particle size D (90) < 30 μm. The dependence of the dissolution profile on the amounts of corn starch and macrogol 20 (polyethylene glycol) of cetostearyl ether is given, their optimal content in the composition of the drug is established.
In the result of the work, the influence of research conditions on the dissolution profile of Aulin, granules for oral suspension, 100 mg/2 g was studied. pH 6.8 + 1% tween 80 and pH 7.4 + 0.5% tween 80 were chosen as optimal media. Experiments showed that the particle size of API nimesulide D (90) < 30 μm ensures compliance with the drug Nimesulide, granules for oral suspension, 100 mg/2 g by dissolution profiles. Increasing the amount of corn starch in the composition of the drug accelerates the dissolution of the granules and, as a consequence, raises the first points of the release profile of API. The use of 0.5% corn starch provides the dissolution profile closest to the comparison drug. To completely release API as a solubilizer, it is advisable to add 1% macrogol 20 (polyethylene glycol) cetostearyl ether.
Component composition of essential oils of grass Teucrium chamaedrys L. using gas chromatography method with mass detection
Authors: Анзіна К. М. , Гудзенко А. В. 
Published: July 2022

Search among the flora of Ukraine for new sources of biologically active substances to create potential domestic highly effective drugs of plant origin - one of the most current issues of modern pharmacy. In this case, the search is most appropriate to conduct among plants that have many years of experience in folk medicine and a sufficient raw material base. Such plant is Teucrium chamaedrys L. – a plant of the Lamiales family, which has long been used in folk medicine and is widespread throughout Ukraine. However, in the literature, there are only isolated and contradictory data on the chemical composition of the grove.
The work aimed was to study volatile compounds of grass Teucrium chamaedrys L. using gas chromatography with mass detection.
The object of the study was the grass of the Teucrium chamaedrys L., collected during the flowering period in the Kyiv region in May–June 2019. Chromatographic study of extracts was performed on a gas chromatograph Agilent 6890 (Agilent Technologies, USA), equipped with a mass spectrometric detector (model 5973). Identification of the study was carried out by comparing the components of the mass spectra and retention times of the components.
As a result of the conducted researches, 47 volatile components were found in the extract of the grass, of which 42 were identified: monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenoids, terpene hydrocarbons, etc. The highest concentration among the volatile compounds of the grass has the sesquiterpenoid chamazulene, the content of which is 53.2 mg/kg of raw material, or 15.9% of the content of all volatile compounds of the object of study. The volatile compound viridiflorol has a slightly lower content, the content of which is 32.8 mg/kg of raw material (9.8% of all volatile compounds of grass).
The majority of substances of the volatile fraction of the grass of the grove also include the following volatile compounds: β-caryophyllene, sabinyl acetate and hermacrene D, the content of which is 25.6 mg/kg, 24.4 mg/kg and 17.1 mg/kg of raw materials, respectively, or 7.8%, 7. 3% and 5.1%, of all volatile compounds of Teucrium chamaedrys L.
The total content of all five volatile majority compounds of Teucrium chamaedrys L. is about 45.9% of the total number of volatile compounds found in the object of study.
Anti-inflammatory properties of the extract of maruna virgin (Tanacetum parthenium L.) on the model of chronic inflammation modeled by the Freund’ adjuvant in rats
Authors: Кириченко І. В. , Міщенко О. Я. 
Published: July 2022

Еhe aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of a thick extract of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) herb in chronic inflammation (adjuvant arthritis) in rats.
The anti-inflammatory properties of the water-alcohol thick extract of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) herb (ETP) were studied in the model of adjuvant arthritis (ADA) (0.1 ml of Freund's adjuvant (PAF), once subcutaneously at the base of the tail of white nonlinear male rats (body weight 200–220 g). After 7 days, the introduction of PAF was repeated (subcutaneously in the right hind paw of rats). The animals were divided into 4 groups of 9 rats each, in the intact group – 6 animals. Distilled water (1 ml/100 g) was administered to positive control animals (PCs) on the background of pathology. An aqueous solution of ETP (50 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (1% starch suspension, 8 mg/kg) were administered from day 1 of the experiment and for four weeks daily intragastrically once daily. The volume of the affected foot (V) was measured using a LE7500 plethysmometer (PANLAB, Italy) in dynamics – at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after administration of a permissive dose of PAF. The intensity of inflammation in rats was assessed by peripheral blood parameters, biochemical indicators - markers of the inflammatory process. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the standard software package «Statistica v. 6.0». Differences between groups were considered statistically significant at p <0.05.
The course of ADA was characterized by the development of systemic inflammation, as evidenced by an increase in the number of leukocytes, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the content of C-reactive protein (CRP). A statistically significant increase in the level of LF and sialic acids indicates membrane-destructive processes in connective tissue. Against the background of ETP significantly decreased the level of the main indicator of inflammation CRP 2 times, the content of markers of destruction of joint tissue – sialic acid and LF decreased by 1.9 times relative to PC animals, indicating a positive effect on local and systemic manifestations of inflammation in ADA. The effectiveness of ETP was not inferior to diclofenac sodium (DS).
Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the studied ETP at a dose of 50 mg/kg in the ADA model in rats has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and is not inferior to diclofenac sodium, which makes it promising further research as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
Breast Cancer Disease Burden in Albania
Authors: Pema (Kristo) Anila , Tarifa Dhurata , Ikonomi Majlinda , Proko Flutura , Ymeri Alketa , Shehu Lindita , Poga Besiana 
Published: July 2022

Introduction; There are data on an increase in cancer cases in Albania in recent decades, this growing trend of cancer in the Albanian population is due to the rapid increase of habits or unhealthy behaviours such as; smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, high levels of obesity, and physical inactivity. However, Albanian men and women show one of the lowest values (in terms of age) in the region of Southeast Europe. In Albania still, we do not have official data regarding the number of breast cancer diagnosed patients either their characteristics, or pathological profile.
Our purpose is to conduct retrospective study of number of Breast Cancer patients treated and diagnosed in Albania during 2018.
Material and Methods; We have recorded and recorded all breast cancer data from the registry of the Oncology Service at University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa “and private clinics in Tirana and from the registries of the district hospitals, during 2018.
Results; Total number of breast cancer patients treated and diagnosed in 2018, from them 506 patients were diagnosed and treated with breast cancer of all stages in our hospital. Since the registry of cancer is still not untirely functioning the data represents only our hospital not.
Conclusions; Breast cancer remains a major public health concern worldwide. Trends in the incidence, mortality, and regulated life years of the disabled are varied across regions and countries, suggesting the allocation of appropriate health care resources for breast cancer, which should have the highest level of evaluation.
Pleural Lipoma. A case Report.
Authors: Gradica Fadil , Xhemalaj Daniela , Muhameti Rushan , Cani Alma , Lisha Lutfi , Kokici Fahri , Argjiri Dhimitraq 
Published: July 2022

Lipomas are benign tumors from adipose tissue mostly found within the subcutaneous areas of the body such as the upper back, neck, and shoulder, and rarely encountered in the thoracic cavity.
Thoracic lipomas are usually located in the bronchial, pulmonary, or mediastinal areas. The finding of a lipoma in the parietal pleura intrathoracic has been sporadically reported in the literature [1].
Most patients remain asymptomatic and the lipomas are incidentally found in a chest radiograph or a computed tomography (CT) examination.
We present a case of pleural lipomas treated with surgery and the one-year follow-up revealed no changes.
Conclusion: The majority of patients with pleural lipoma are asymptomatic, and their lesions are incidentally detected on radiograms Important considerations of identifying alarm features in a suspected liposarcoma and when to consider invasive biopsy and/or surgical intervention.
The content of saturated fatty acids in the blood plasma of cows in the winter period depends on autonomic nervous regulation
Authors: Hryshchuk I. А. , Karpovskiy V. I. , Zhurenko O. V. , Kryvoruchko D. I. , Gutyj B. V. 
Published: July 2022

The tone of the autonomic nervous system is one of the key systems of the nervous system in regulating homeostasis. In turn, this can affect the metabolism of organic substances in the animal's body, which is reflected in physiological indicators. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system on the content of saturated fatty acids. Groups of animals were formed according to Baesky’s method, according to which they were divided into three groups: normotonic, sympathotonic, and vagotonic. Blood was collected in winter. Chromatographic research revealed the following: caproic acid in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.01) is 0.15 % less compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.01) and 0.15 % more compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Caprylic acid is 0.28 % more in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.05) compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.001) and, comparing the indicators with the third group, 0.37 % more than vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Lauric acid in normotonic (0.54 ± 0.03) is higher than vagotonic by 0.13 % (P ≤ 0.01). Myristic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (2.62 ± 0.08) compared to sympathotonic by 0.30 % (P ≤ 0.001). Palmitic acid is 2.95 % less in normotonic (17.59 ± 0.46) compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Arachidic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (0.21 ± 0.01) compared to sympathotonic by 0.08 % less (P ≤ 0.001). Cows belonging to the normotonic group have the most saturated fatty acids: capric (1.19 ± 0.05), lauric (0.54 ± 0.03); and the least myristic (2.62 ± 0.08) and arachidic (0.21 ± 0.01). Animals belonging to the group of sympathotonic have the most saturated fatty acids: caproic (1.18 ± 0.04), myristic (2.92 ± 0.03) and arachidic (0.29 ± 0.01). Cows belonging to the group of vagotonic have the least saturated fatty acids: caproic (0.88 ± 0.01), capric (0.82 ± 0.03) and lauric (0.41 ± 0.01); the most palmitic acid (20.54 ± 0.16). Considering all factors, we can conclude that the tone of the autonomic nervous system in the body of cows plays an indirect role in the metabolism of saturated fatty acids in blood plasma. This can be facilitated by the influence of the departments of this nervous system, namely the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which, depending on the peculiarities of the animal's physiological state, affect the body as a whole.
Scaling up of livestock production for sustainable livelihood: An empirical study from Sirajganj district of Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Murshed Hasan Mohammad , Roy Debashis , Huda Md Nazmul 
Published: July 2022

Livestock is a vital component of the complex farming system in Bangladesh. This focuses towards he contribution of livestock farming in the livelihood of the farmers as well as the realization of the challenges in livestock farming as perceived by the farmers. A mixed-method research design was used to collect data from 100 livestock farmers of Kamarkhanda Upazila (sub-district) under Sirajganj district. According to the findings of the study, livestock farming has significant contributions in improving the status of livelihood tatus of farming households. It is evident from the findings that majority of the respondents (69%), faced medium level of challenges in livestock farming compared to high level of challenges faced by 28% respondents of the study area. The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents namely farm size, annual income, training received, subsidy received and extension media contact seem to have significant contributions with the challenges faced by the farmers in livestock farming. As the livestock sector of Bangladesh has great potential to flourish provided the challenges faced by the farmers are given due attention. Implementation of farmers’ friendly livestock policy and the collaborative efforts of public and private sectors are required to boost up livestock productivity in Bangladesh.
SAARC J. Agric., 20(1): 209-225 (2022)
Influence of transplanting date on performance of Boro rice varieties in Lalmai-hill area
Authors: Khan Md Nayeb Ali , Hossain Md Babu , Biswas Parimal Kanti , Amin AKM Ruhul , Rahman Anisur 
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was conducted in Lalmai-Hill area of Cumilla with five high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice during Boro season (2018-2019) to evaluate their yield performance under different transplanting dates. Rice seedlings were transplanted on three different dates viz., January 15 (T1), January 30 (T2) and February 14 (T3). Five rice varieties viz., BRRI dhan67 (V1) BRRI dhan68 (V2), BRRI dhan74 (V3), BRRI dhan81 (V4) and BRRI dhan86 (V5) were transplanted. Results revealed that delaying of transplanting date decreased yield and return of Boro rice varieties. Transplanting of seedlings on February 14 decreased effective tiller hill–1, filled grain panicle–1, grain yield and biological yield by 13, 14, 24 and 9%, respectively, compared to seedlings transplanted on January 15. Significantly highest grain yield (5.95 t ha–1) and biological yield (14.33 t ha–1) were obtained from BRRI dhan74 compared with other varieties because of higher potential of its yield attributes. The highest grain yield (6.67 t ha–1) and return (Tk. 158,765 ha–1) were recorded from BRRI dhan74 when transplanted on January 15 as compared to other combinations. Transplanting of all other varieties on January 15 confirmed higher yield and yield return compared with delayed transplanted seedlings.
SAARC J. Agric., 20(1): 143-155 (2022)
Pre-harvest application of inorganic sources of nutrient on yield and shelf life of broccoli
Authors: Tarafder Sushanta Kumar , Biswas Mrityunjoy , Mondal Asit Baran 
Published: July 2022

A study was conducted at Chanchra, Sadar Upazila, Jashore, Bangladesh during Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 to evaluate pre-harvest treatments of inorganic nutrient sources on yield and shelf life of broccoli through Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatments which were; T1= soil test based 50% NPK with blanket dose, T2=soil test based 75% NPK with blanket dose, T3= soil test based 100% NPK with blanket dose, T4=soil test based 125% NPK with blanket dose, T5=local farmers practice (N138 P75 K94 S27 Zn5 kg ha-1),T6 = control.Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was designed to determine the shelf life of broccoli with three replications considering three factors; (i) pre-harvest treatments of inorganic sources of nutrient; (ii) storage materials at room temperature and (iii) storage materials at cold storage condition.Findings revealed that the effects of different inorganic sources of nutrients significantly influenced on yield and shelf life of broccoli. The treatment T3 (soil test based 100% NPK with blanket dose) resulted in better marketable curd yield with maximum gross returns, net returns and Benefit Cost Ratio(BCR) as compared to other treatments. The treatment T1 (soil test based 50% dose of NPK with blanket dose) recorded the maximum shelf life of 6.57 daysand 6.83 days at room temperature (14-240C with RH 60-65%) and 23.65 days and 24.25 days at cold storage (40C with RH 90-95%) condition using High -Density Polyethylene (HDP;15 micron) vacuum pack during the years of 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively.
SAARC J. Agric., 20(1): 131-141 (2022)