bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of immediate and delayed finishing and polishing procedure on Streptococcal mutans adhesion and micro-hardness of composite resin surface: An in-vitro study
Authors: Majumdar Tushar Kanti , Khatua Moumita , Mazumdar Paromita , Mukherjee Sayantan 
Published: March 2022

Proper finishing and polishing have become the indispensable step in clinical restorative dentistry due to increased aesthetic demands. There are several polishing systems containing fine particle size abrasives. The adhesion of bacterial plaque to restoration depends on the surface properties and composition of materials. In literature, surface roughness after polishing is well documented, but the timing, i.e., immediate or delayed polishing affecting the bacterial adherence and microhardness on the composite needs research. As the Streptococcus mutans has a major role in primary and secondary caries, so in this light, this study is conducted to investigate the best timing of polishing affecting the bacterial adhesion and microhardness of composite resin.: To evaluate the Streptococcal mutans adhesion and microhardness of composite resin after polishing them, immediately and after 24 hours of curing.: Sixty specimens were made from composite resin Filtek Z 350 XT (3M ESPE) of 6mm diameter and 4mm height, was cured by placing a Mylar strip and divided into 3 groups- Group 1 the control group with only MYLAR-STRIP, Group 2- Polishing system SOF-LEX (3M ESPE Dental products St. Paul, MN,USA.) Group 3- Polishing with SUPER-SNAP (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Group 2 and 3 were further divided into two subgroups according to the polishing time- immediate and delayed. The Streptococcal mutans adhesion for each group was measured by colony forming units and compared. The mean log of CFU/mL present in the biofilm was also calculated. The results of bacterial adherence was analysed by three-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) (p&#60;0.01) and the ANOVA two-way of variance was used for checking microhardness (p&#60;0.01). A p value &#60;0.01 was considered to indicate a statistically significant for both bacterial adhesion and hardness. Polishing after 24 hours of curing showed less bacterial adherence on the composite surface, regardless of the polishing treatment performed(p&#60;0.01). Polishing with SOF-LEX(Group-2) had the lower bacterial adherence than SUPER-SNAP (Group-3), Control group (Mylar matrix strip) promoted the lowest bacterial adhesion on the surface composites. Micro hardness of composite was lowest in Mylar matrix group. Immediate polishing procedure showed lower microhardness values as compared to polishing that was delayed for 24hours for both polishing groups. SOF-LEX system can be used for chairside polishing of composite restorations in clinic and delayed finishing and polishing of composite shows better surface microhardness values.
Cryotherapy as an adjunct to inferior alveolar nerve block in Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Prakash Poonam , Gupta Richa 
Published: March 2022

: To evaluate and compare the effect of two approaches of cryotherapy for improving the success rate of Inferior alveolar nerve block and reduction of pain during access opening in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.: Thirty patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to participate in the study. 3 groups were designed; Group 1(Control group) - inferior alveolar nerve block(IANB) with lignocaine (2%) adrenaline (1:80000), Group 2(IANB+ small ice pack)-inferior alveolar nerve block with lignocaine (2%) adrenaline (1:80000) + small ice packs (wrapped in sterile gauze); Group 3 (IANB+Endo Ice) -inferior alveolar nerve block with lignocaine (2%) adrenaline (1:80000) + Endo Ice application. Patients were randomly allocated to any one of the groups: The level of preoperative pain was recorded using the Numeric visual analogue scale (VAS). Endodontic therapy was done 15 minutes after the IANB injection. The level of intra operative pain during access opening was recorded again using the same scale. If the patients reported moderate or severe pain during the procedure, the IANB was defined as “unsuccessful,” and a supplementary injection was administered.: There was statistically significant difference found in pain reduction among 3 groups (p=0.01). Post hoc analysis revealed significant difference between Group 1(Control) and Group 2(IANB+ small ice pack) with (p=0.003). Overall success rate of IANB was found to be 66.66 %.: Both the techniques of intraoral cryotherapy exhibited improved pain reduction as well as increased the success rate of IANBs in mandibular molar teeth with SIP. Hence based on the results obtained, it is suggested that cryotherapy can serve as a useful adjunct to anaesthesia during endodontic procedures.
Comparative study between trabeculectomy with collagen implant versus trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients requiring glaucoma surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan
Authors: Mathur Prachi , Porwal Rakesh 
Published: March 2022

Glaucoma is a chronic multifactorial degenerative optic neuropathy and is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Aim of this study was to study trabeculectomy with collagen implant versus trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients requiring glaucoma surgery50 eyes of 44 patients were assigned randomly to undergo trabeculectomy either with collagen implant (study group) or with MMC (mitomycin C)(control group). Preoperative data included age, gender, IOP (intraocular pressure) and number of preoperative medications. Postoperatively IOP, number of glaucoma medications and postoperative complications if any were recorded on follow up at seven days, one month and three months. Proportion was compared using chi square test while mean using student t test.Baseline characteristics were matched. The intervention arm had lower IOP post operatively at 3 months (11.84±4.21 vs 17.72±5.93, p = 0.002) but not at day 7 (17.14±9.88 vs 21.37±11.07, p=0.12), 1 month (16.77±11.54 vs 22.91±9.62 p = 0.05); lesser need of anti-glaucoma medication (0.48±0.77 vs 1.95±1.26 p = 0.0001); more complete treatment success (15 vs 7), lower treatment failure (1 vs 4), less Postoperative complications were seen in cases than controls, flat AC(12%vs16%), Hyphema (4% vs 8%); However hypotony were comparable(12%). This study supports superiority of collagen implant with trabeculectomy as opposed to trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in terms of better clinical outcome and reduced post operative antiglaucoma medications.
Effectiveness of treatment by laser or intravitreal anti-vegf-bevacizumab or combination therapy (both Laser and Anti-VEGF) in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Anthrayose C V , Sunny Amitha , Mathai Monsy Thomas , Puthiyedathu Rakendu , Kumar Praveena S 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of treatment by laser or Intravitreal anti VEGF- Bevacizumab (IVB) or combined therapy (both laser and anti-VEGF) in diabetic macular edema (DME). A prospective observational study in which 90 eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) were enrolled. According to patient compliance, they were divided in to 3 groups where there was 30 eyes in each group. Patients with DME who were treated with laser were observed (group A). Patients with DME who were treated with Intravitreal Bevacizuamb (IVB) were observed (group B).Patients with DME who were treated with both IVB and Laser were observed (group C). All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination at baseline and at one and three months after treatment. The outcome measures were changes in Central macular thickness(CMT) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA). A P value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. One month after treatment, Group B showed more statistically significant reduction in CMT and improvement in BCVA than group A and group C(P&#60;0.05). Three months after treatment, group C showed more statistically significant reduction in CMT and improvement in BCVA when compared to other two groups(P&#60;0.05). Combined therapy with IVB and laser appeared to be superior to Laser alone or IVB alone in reducing macular thickness and improving visual acuity. Thus combined therapy can be considered as most effective treatment in DME.
Retrograde trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in post-geniculate lesions
Authors: Mohammed Rizana V , Sujithra H  , Pillai Gopal S , Greeshma C R  
Published: March 2022

: The concept of retrograde axonal degeneration is well studied for visual pathway lesions upto lateral geniculate body. Since clinically evident optic nerve head changes and papillary changes are usually absent in post geniculate lesions, very few studies have been reported to look for the presence of retrograde axonal degeneration in these lesions.To analyse RNFL and GCC thickness in patients with retrogeniculate lesions using Spectral Domain OCT and to determine any characteristic thinning pattern corresponding to the visual field defect.: Patients attending Ophthalmology OPD as diagnosed cases of unilateral retrochiasmal lesions were included in the study. Those who showed homonymous hemianopia corresponding to the retrochiasmal lesions were subjected to OCT RNFL and GCC. Spectral domain OCT was performed on all patients using ZEISS Cirrus HD-OCT Model 400.: Mean age of the study population was 55.5±14.02 years. 21(70%) patients were males, 9(30%) were females. Ipsilateral eyes have superior RNFL thinning, contralateral eyes have inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants thinning. Average RNFL thickness and GCC thickness was reduced in the contralateral eyes. In ipsilateral eyes, temporal GCC was thinner compared to nasal, whereas in contralateral eyes, nasal GCC was thinner compared to temporal. : The pattern of RNFL and GCC thinning corresponds with pattern of visual field loss. The thinning of RNFL and GCC is in accordance to the known trajectories of the crossed and uncrossed projections arising in the nasal and temporal hemiretinae respectively. Our study substantiates that retrograde axonal degeneration occurs in post geniculate lesions also.
Association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy: A clinical study
Authors: Sharada M  , Kalpana S , Sweekruthi G K  , Anuradha A  
Published: March 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The disease affects the generalized micro and macro vasculature of various structures. Retina, kidney and peripheral nerves are the major sites of micro vasculature involvement. Our study aims to find the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy. This non-randomized, prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India between November 2014 and May 2016. Study included 100 patients with diabetic nephropathy referred for fundoscopy from the nephrourology department, excluding those with hazy media enough to interfere with a detailed fundus examination and management. All subjects underwent complete ocular examination and systemic evaluation after obtaining informed consent. Visual acuity, fundoscopy by direct and indirect ophthalmoscope, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography were done as and when required. Blood investigations like fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, haemoglobin levels, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, lipid profile, urine routine and 24-Hour urine albumin were recorded. DR was classified according to ETDRS classification and different grades were compared with grades of nephropathy and association was analysed statistically.: There was significant association between fundal changes and albumin excretion in urine. Among subjects with massive albuminuria, 64.7% of them had proliferative DR (PDR). Among subjects with moderate albuminuria, majority had Moderate NPDR and subjects with microalbuminuria majority had normal fundus. There was a positive correlation between DR and total cholesterol. The severity of DR correlates with severity of diabetic nephropathy.
Evaluation of enamel colour changes with orthodontic bonding an in vitro study
Authors: Kethavath Thukaram , Surender Badavath , Shailaja  , TR Jayaprakash , Kumar Sujan , Gopal. S Sujatha 
Published: March 2022

Aesthetics is an integral part of orthodontics, and color is an important aspect of aesthetics. Hue, value, and chroma are the three objective variables used to describe color. The tooth color exhibits a large variation influenced by the structure of enamel and dentin. Enamel colour alterations may derive from the irreversible penetration of resin tags into the enamel structure at depths reaching 50 µm. Natural Teeth: A total of 80 extracted premolar teeth were collected and then washed thoroughly with plain water and stored in normal saline to prevent them from drying up.Eighty human premolar teeth that had been previously extracted from orthodontic patients.All the teeth selected were cleansed by using a rubber cup and pumice slurry for 20 seconds on a slow speed contra angle hand piece (10,000 rpm), rinsed thoroughly with saline for 10 seconds and air-dried with gentle jets of oil-free compressed air.In this study shows the frequency distributions of color difference ΔE at various time points in Transbond XT group. The mean difference before treatment and debonding and finishing (ΔE1) was 0.91± 0.43, mean difference before treatment and photogeing (ΔE2) was 1.49±0.85 and mean difference after debonding and finishing and photoageing (ΔE3) was 0.81±0.51. The frequency distributions of ΔE at various time points in Ormco group. The mean difference before treatment and debonding and finishing (ΔE1) was 0.72±0.24, mean difference before treatment and photogeing (ΔE2) was 1.88±0.83 and mean difference after debonding and finishing and photoageing (ΔE3) was 0.97±0.55. Ormco Enlight showed highest enamel color change of ΔE2 value 2.92 after debonding & finishing. Rely A bond showed least enamel color change of ΔE2 value 2.80. Of all the groups studied there is a significant color change in the enamel but less than the minimum threshold value of ΔE 3.7 units.
A clinico-relationship between Vitamin D and early implant failure
Authors: Bawa Shubh Karmanjit Singh , Sharma Parul , Jindal Vikas , Malhotra Ranjan , Malhotra Divye , Chauhan Pankaj 
Published: March 2022

Due to the fact that osseointegration is contingent on bone metabolism, low vitamin D levels in the blood may have an unfavourable impact on bone development around dental implants. Only a few researches have looked into the probable link between vitamin D levels in the blood and early dental implant failure (EDIF), which happens within three months of placement well before the prosthetic abutment is engaged. The goal of this study was to see if there is a association between low vitamin D levels in the blood and EDIF. This prospective study was conducted among the total of 100 patients within the age group 18-55 years who fulfilled the inclusion & exclusion criteria of the study. These subjects were selected from the patients who visited the outpatient department of Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar. Clinical parameters were assessed at 3 month post-operatively and implant failures were assessed and correlated with the levels of serum vitamin D. In our study, 6, 71 and 23 subjects were &#60;10 ng/ml, 10-30 ng/ml and &#62;30 ng/ml vitamin D serum levels respectively. One (1) incidence of failure was reported in patients with high serum levels of vitamin D (&#62;30 ng/mL) (4.3%). Failed implants were revealed maximum among subjects with vitamin D level &#60;10 ng/ml (16.67%), followed by 10-30 ng/ml (7.04%). The relation between serum Vitamin D levels and early dental implant failure is statistically insignificant. More clinical trials with a prospective design and appropriate statistical analysis are needed, to confirm whether or not a relation between low serum levels of vitamin D and an increased rate of early dental implant failure exists.
Management of gingival hyperpigmentation using three different techniques: A case series
Authors: Kumar Kishore , Kadhiresan R , Cynthia R.A.Jenifer , Reshmaa R 
Published: March 2022

Although the colour of the gingiva plays a vital part in overall aesthetics, the ideas and strategies for treating problems caused by gingival melanin pigmentation are still being worked out. Clinicians are confronted with obtaining acceptable gingival aesthetics as well as resolving biologic and functional difficulties as aesthetics has become an important element of dentistry. This case report discusses three different de-epithelization treatments that have been effectively utilised to treat gingival hyperpigmentation caused by excessive melanin deposition, as well as the importance of having an aesthetically pleasant smile, especially for smile aware people. Creating esthetic awareness among dental practitioners about various treatment modalitites for the management of gingival hyperpigmentation.
Some Puzzles about Molinist Conditionals
Authors: Koons Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

William Hasker has been one of the most trenchant and insightful critics of the revival of Molinism. He has focused on the “freedom problem”, a set of challenges designed to show that Molinism does not secure a place for genuinely free human action (Hasker 1986, 1995, 1999, 2000a, 2000b, 2011). These challenges focus on a key element in the Molinist story: the counterfactual (or subjunctive) conditionals of creaturely freedom. According to Molinism, these conditionals have contingent truth-values that are knowable to God prior to His decision of what world to actualize. This divine “middle knowledge” is supposed to enable God to execute a detailed plan for world history without any loss of creaturely freedom. Hasker has argued that this middle knowledge nonetheless deprives us of the power to do otherwise than we do, a crucial element in human freedom and responsibility.
I hope to accomplish three things in this paper. First, I want to step back a bit and explore the nature of the conditionals of creaturely free decision-making (the CCFs), bringing out some of the difficulties in delimiting their scope and nature. Second, I will explore the implications of different answers to an important question that has not been addressed in the literature: whether we have counterfactual power over the conditionals of divine freedom. And, third, I would like to recommend to Molinists a revision that offers a solution to the freedom problem.
Parental abuse and its relationship to the ethical conduct of adolescents in public schools in the central region of Jordan
Authors: AlKhamaiseh Omar Soud 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to identify Parental abuse and its relationship to the ethical conduct of adolescents in public schools in the central region of Jordan. The study has used the descriptive-analytical approach. The population of the study consisted of a random sample from (390) adolescents in public schools in the central region of Jordan. The results showed that the degree of Parental Abuse of adolescents in public schools in the central region of Jordan was moderated. Furthermore, the degree of ethical conduct of adolescents in public schools in the central region of Jordan was moderated as well. The results also showed that there is a correlation relationship between parental abuse and the ethical conduct of adolescents in public schools in the central region of Jordan. The study recommended the need to combat violence and all forms of abuse and treatment of children through the various media, develop teaching methods, and include in school curricula the rights that children should enjoy.

Keywords: Parental abuse; Ethical Conduct; Adolescents, Jordan
Exploring predictors of adaptive behaviour of children with autism
Authors: Tenerife Janine Joy L. , Peteros Emerson , Englatera Jennifer D. , De Vera John V. , Pinili Lilibeth C. , Fulgencio Margie D. 
Published: March 2022

This research determined the predictors of the adaptive behaviour of children with autism who are enrolled in special education centres using a descriptive correlational design. There were 40 children with autism whose adaptive behaviour was assessed in terms of their communication, daily living, social and motor skills using the modified Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (Vineland-3) together with their profile. Data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that most of the children were males whose average age was 9.6 years who belonged to low-income families and were enrolled in 2 to 3 years. The children had moderately low adaptive skills in all areas of the adaptive behaviour. Moreover, the profiles of the children were not significant predictors of the four adaptive skills being assessed. Thus, it is recommended that other factors may be considered to identify the predictors of the adaptive behaviour of children with autism.

Keywords: Children with autism, communication, daily living, motor, social
The development of the culture of psychological health care for future pedagogy-psychologists
Authors: Imanbekova Gulbarshin , Ardakh Yermentayeva , Baikonyr Izhanov , Balabek Saktaganov , Talgatbek Aliyev , Assan Tuxanbayev 
Published: March 2022

The role of the formation of professional competencies of future pedagogy-psychologists in the field of education has been of concern recently. This study aimed to examine the possibilities of the educational process of the university in the formation of an important culture of future pedagogy- psychologists, as well as their ability to use health-saving technologies in professional activities, to consider the risks and dangers of the social environment and educational space. The article presents the results of an experiment conducted with 100 students selected from Kazakh Humanitarian and Legal Innovative University, Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, and East Kazakhstan State University named after S. Amanzholov, After the experiment, questionnaires were presented to participants. The results were analyzed using content analysis. The authors conclude that health-saving educational technologies for future pedagogy-psychologists represent a number of pedagogical techniques and methods of work, various technologies and techniques in solving emerging problems in pedagogical activity, and the constant desire of the future pedagogy- psychologist teacher to self-improvement, self-education, self-learning.

Keywords: Health-saving; Pedagogy-Psychologists; pedagogical technologies; professional competence.