bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous auxin maintains embryonic cell identity and promotes somatic embryo development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Karami Omid , Philipsen Cheryl , Rahimi Arezoo , Nurillah Annisa Ratna , Boutilier Kim , Offringa Remko 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYSomatic embryogenesis (SE), or embryo development from in vitro cultured vegetative explants, can be induced in Arabidopsis by the synthetic auxin 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) or by overexpression of specific transcription factors, such as AT‐HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED 15 (AHL15). Here, we explored the role of endogenous auxin [indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA)] during 2,4‐D and AHL15‐induced SE. Using the pWOX2:NLS‐YFP reporter, we identified three distinct developmental stages for 2,4‐D and AHL15‐induced SE in Arabidopsis, with these being (i) acquisition of embryo identity; (ii) formation of pro‐embryos; and (iii) somatic embryo patterning and development. The acquisition of embryo identity coincided with enhanced expression of the indole‐3‐pyruvic acid auxin biosynthesis YUCCA genes, resulting in an enhanced pDR5:GFP‐reported auxin response in the embryo‐forming tissues. Chemical inhibition of the indole‐3‐pyruvic acid pathway did not affect the acquisition of embryo identity, but significantly reduced or completely inhibited the formation of pro‐embryos. Co‐application of IAA with auxin biosynthesis inhibitors in the AHL15‐induced SE system rescued differentiated somatic embryo formation, confirming that increased IAA levels are important during the last two stages of SE. Our analyses also showed that polar auxin transport, with AUXIN/LIKE‐AUX influx and PIN‐FORMED1 efflux carriers as important drivers, is required for the transition of embryonic cells to proembryos and, later, for correct cell fate specification and differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that endogenous IAA biosynthesis and its polar transport are not required for the acquisition of embryo identity, but rather to maintain embryonic cell identity and for the formation of multicellular proembryos and their development into histodifferentiated embryos.
Determination of the effect of iatrogenic blood contamination on lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity in canine cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Brune Jourdan E. , Chen Annie V. , Coffey Todd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) have differential tissue activity and isoenzyme profiles. LDH and CK exist as 5 and 3 isoenzymes, respectively, in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Studies have demonstrated that measuring LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in CSF has diagnostic and prognostic values for dogs and people with neurologic disorders.ObjectivesIatrogenic blood contamination can distort the results of CSF analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine allowable thresholds of blood contamination (RBC/μL) for accurate measurement of LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in canine CSF.MethodsVenous blood and CSF were collected from healthy dogs. Total LDH and CK activity were measured spectrophotometrically. Isoenzyme profiles were determined using gel electrophoresis and densitometric scanning. All samples were analyzed within 6 hours of collection. A nonlinear mixed effects regression model was used to estimate the allowable thresholds of blood contamination for accurate measurement of LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in canine CSF.ResultsThe threshold of iatrogenic blood contamination for total LDH and total CK in healthy dogs are 6696 RBC/μL (95% CI 3879–11 187) and 5961 RBC/μL (95% CI 2939–12 085), respectively. LDH‐1 is the most sensitive isoenzyme to iatrogenic blood contamination, while LDH‐4 is the least sensitive.ConclusionsThese results are important for the interpretation of LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in canine CSF. Additionally, our methodology is translatable for determining thresholds of acceptable iatrogenic blood contamination in CSF for other diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of neurologic disease.
Repeatability and reproducibility of the interpretation of intradermal test results in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Aleksandrova Svetlina , Sofou Evi Ι. , Badulescu Elisa , Chatzis Manolis , Saridomichelakis Manolis N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground – There is lack of studies evaluating the repeatability and reproducibility of the interpretation of intradermal testing in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD).Objectives – To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the interpretation of intradermal test results in dogs with AD. For comparison, the repeatability of allergen‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E serology also was examined.Materials and methods – Twenty dogs with AD were used. Intradermal test included injections of known negative and positive controls, and of 25 masked injections of 10 allergens/controls, that were selected randomly and injected at random positions. Reactions to the 25 masked allergens/controls were scored (positive/negative) subjectively by three independent examiners followed by an objective assessment. Allergen‐specific IgE serology was performed in blinded duplicate samples collected from all dogs for nine of 10 of the same allergens.Results – Kappa values of intraobserver repeatability (≥2 injections of the same allergen to different positions of the same dog) varied between −0.53 and 0.8 (subjective evaluations), and between 0.03 and 1 (objective evaluation). When the repeatability of the serological test was examined k = 0.91. Kappa values for the interobserver reproducibility (objective and three subjective evaluations of the same allergen injected at the same position of the same dog) varied between 0.6 and 0.74 (overall 0.67).Conclusions and clinical relevance – Intraobserver repeatability of the subjective and objective evaluation of IDT results varied from good to poor and depended on the number of times the same allergen was injected, whereas interobserver reproducibility varied from substantial to moderate. Further studies are needed to optimise the repeatability and reproducibility of IDT in dogs.
Hospitalization disrupts the daily rhythm of tear production in cats
Authors: Di Pietro Simona , Tabbì Marco , Falcone Annastella , Macrì Francesco , Piccione Giuseppe , Giudice Elisabetta , Giannetto Claudia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe exposure to constant light during the hospitalization was investigated to verify its influence on the daily rhythmicity of Schirmer tear test I (STT I) in theFelis catus.Animal studiedOne group (HG—hospitalized group) was consisted of 10 owned‐cats hospitalized to perform a sterilization procedure and was exposed to a 24/0 light/dark (L/D) cycle; the cat control group (CG) was consisted of 10 staff‐owned cats living in an indoor environment (12/12 L/D cycle).ProcedureThe STT I values was performed at 4 h intervals over a 48 h period (starting at 8:00 a.m. on Day 1 and finishing at 8:00 a.m. on Day 3) on the left (LE) and right (RE) eyes into two cat groups. A 35 x 5 mm commercial tear test strip was used to record tear production in millimeters wetting per minute (mm/min).ResultsMultivariate for repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a statistically significant effect of time. No difference was found between LE and RE tear production, and between the two experimental conditions. Robust daily rhythmicity was exhibited by the STT I in both eyes during the entire monitoring period in control cats and only during the Day 1 in hospitalized cats.ConclusionsThese data are a starting point for evaluating the imbalance of ocular physiology observed in hospitalized cats. Further studies on larger sample size and exposing the animals to various hospitalization procedures are needed to establish whether these alterations are caused by hospitalization procedures or by the light/dark schedules.
Enhancement of Tight Oil Recovery by Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheets
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhou Fujian , Li Bojun , Xu Hang , Yao Erdong , Li Minghui , Zhang Lufeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recently, nanofluid flooding has become one of the promising technologies in enhanced oil recovery. The agglomeration and the insufficient interfacial activity of nanoparticles in an aqueous solution are two major concerns affecting the application effect of nanofluids. Amphiphilic Janus nanomaterials make up for the deficiencies in both aspects compared with homogeneous modified nanomaterials. In this work, we investigate the potential use of an amphiphilic Janus molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet (JMDN) as an enhanced oil recovery agent.
JMDN was synthesized by the SiO2 Template Method. Firstly, molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were adsorbed on the surface of SiO2 nano-microspheres as a single-sided modification. Then KOH was used to dissolve the SiO2 nano-microspheres, and the other side of the nano-sheet was modified to obtain JMDN. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to systematically characterize the morphology and structure of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. The properties such as wettability, stability and interfacial tension were tested. The effect of using JMDN on low-permeability reservoir recovery was emphasized. Low-permeability core flooding and microfluidic experiments were conducted with a concentration of 50ppm nanofluids.
The JMDN with 40nm particle size was synthesized under certain conditions. The results of SEM showed it has 5–6 layers of nanostructures and TEM indicates that hydrophilic carboxyl group and hydrophobic alkyl group respectively exist in two sides of the nanosheet. The modified nanosheet can be stable for 7 days at 90°C. The contact angle experiment shows that the JMDN could effectively change rocks from oil-wet to water-wet. Oil-water interfacial tension is as low as 2.87 mN/m. The core flooding experiment show that the nanofluid could significantly increase oil recovery.
Numerous studies focused on the uniform modification of nanomaterials in tight oil recovery. Compared with conventional nanomaterials, the JMDN could strip oil from rock surfaces more efficiently due to its amphiphilic structure. This paper reveals the physical and chemical properties of JMDN and provides a new and efficient nanofluid system for EOR.
Physical Preparation of a World-Class Lightweight Men’s Double Sculls Team for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics
Authors: Boone Jan , Caen Kevin , Lievens Maarten , Bourgois Gil , Colosio Alessandro L. , Bourgois Jan G. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To analyze the physical profile and training program of a world-class lightweight double sculls rowing crew toward the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. Method: A case study in which both rowers performed physical testing in November 2020 and April 2021 (anthropometrics, incremental rowing test, and power profiling). The training program (38 wk) in the buildup to the Olympics was analyzed, providing insight into training characteristics (volume; contribution of rowing, alternative, and strength training; prescribed and recorded [heart rate] training-intensity distribution). The entire period was split into 3 phases: preparation period (8 wk), competition period 1 (11 wk), and competition period 2 (9 wk), and training characteristics were compared. Results: In the April 2021 testing, rower A (1.89 m, 74.6 kg, 4.4% body fat) had a peak oxygen uptake of 5.8 L·min−1 (77.8 mL·min−1·kg−1) and a peak power output of 491 W. Rower B (1.82 m, 70.6 kg, 7.8% body fat) had a peak oxygen uptake of 5.5 L·min−1 (77.9 mL·min−1·kg−1) and a peak power output of 482 W. The mean weekly training volume was 14 hours 47 minutes (4 h 5 min), of which 58.5% (14.6%) consisted of rowing, 13.4% (6.8%) strength training, and 28.1% (2.6%) alternative training. Heart-rate training-intensity distribution was 77.8% (4.2%) in zone 1, 16.6% (3.7%) in zone 2, and 5.6% (2.8%) in zone 3 with a lower contribution of zone 1 in competition period 1 (P = .029) and competition period 2 (P = .023) compared with the preparation period, and a higher contribution of zone 3 in competition period 1 (P = .018) and competition period 2 (P = .011) compared with the preparation period. Conclusion: The crew combined a high volume of rowing, alternative, and strength training in a pyramidal heart-rate training-intensity distribution throughout the year.
Magnitude and factors associated with musculoskeletal disorder among patients with diabetes attending chronic care at Arba Minch General Hospital, Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia, 2021: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abebe Getachew , Hailu Tadiwos , Fikadu Teshale , Gebremickael Abinet , Temesgen Rodas , Shibru Tamiru , Kefelew Etenesh , Dawit Firehiwot , Atnafu Kaleb , Wale Tesega Wondwossen , Bekele Alehegn 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among patients with diabetes in southern Ethiopia.DesignFacility-based cross-sectional study.SettingData collected from 1 March 2021 to 30 August 2021 at Arba Minch General Hospital.ParticipantsThree hundred and sixty-five patients with diabetes attending care at Arba Minch General Hospital.Main outcome measuresThe magnitude and determinants of the MSDs.ResultsThe prevalence of MSDs among patients with diabetes was 23.29% (95% CI 19.00 to 27.76). The likelihood of developing MSDs was 6.8 times higher among women than men (AOR=6.787, 95% CI 2.08 to 22.19). Rural participants were about 2.4 times (AOR=2.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.33) more likely to develop MSDs as compared with urban participants. Participants aged >50 years were 5.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with those aged ≤50 years (AOR=5.864, 95% CI 2.663 to 12.914). The odds of developing MSDs was 6.2 times (AOR=6.247, 95% CI 1.158 to 33.702) and 5.5 times (AOR=5.451 95% CI 1.174 to 25.312) higher among participants who attended primary and secondary education as compared with those who attended college and above, respectively. Participants with cardiovascular disease were 3.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with their counterparts (AOR=3.854, 95% CI 1.843 to 8.063).ConclusionsThis study showed that age, sex, educational status, place of residence and cardiovascular disease were found to be determinants of MSDs. Thus, clinical and public health interventions working on diabetes mellitus should consider these determinants.
Understanding the mental health impact and needs of public healthcare professionals during COVID-19 in Pakistan : a qualitative study
Authors: Hameed Waqas , Feroz Anam Shahil , Avan Bilal Iqbal , Khan Bushra , Fatmi Zafar , Afzal Noreen , Jafri Hussain , Wassan Mansoor Ali , Siddiqi Sameen 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesA dearth of qualitative studies constrains in-depth understanding of health service providers’ perspectives and experiences regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health. This study explored the mental health impact and needs of of public sector healthcare workers during COVID-19 who working in secondary-level and tertiary-level healthcare settings of Pakistan.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study.SettingTwenty-five secondary-level and eight tertiary-level public hospitals of Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan.ParticipantsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 16 health service providers and 40 administrative personnel. Study data were analysed on NVivo V.11 using the conventional content analysis technique.ResultsThe study identified three overarching themes: (1) mental health impact of COVID-19 on health service providers that included the fear of acquiring the infection and transmitting it to their family members, fear of social isolation and stigma, anxiety related to the uncertainty of COVID-19, nervousness due to media exaggeration and stress associated with excessive workload; (2) mental health needs of health service providers involved in the COVID-19 crisis and available support from the healthcare system, including the expression of the need for counselling services and safe working conditions, the need for paid rest periods, and the need for appreciation and motivation to work in the pandemic; and (3) suggestions to address mental health needs of healthcare workers, including provision of specialised mental healthcare/services, formal training of health managers on managing mental health needs of health facility staff, and assessment and addressing of these needs of the health workforce.ConclusionThe study emphasises the need to strengthen health system preparedness for recognising and addressing the needs of healthcare professionals. At the system level, there is a need for a specialised unit to provide mental health services and better communication strategies. At the staff level, continuous motivation and appreciation should be given to healthcare professionals either through monetary incentives or formal acknowledgement of their performance.
Agreement between the laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based WHO cardiovascular risk charts: a cross-sectional analysis of a national health survey in Peru
Authors: Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Quispe-Villegas Gustavo A , Váscones Román Fritz Fidel , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the agreement between the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk predictions computed with the WHO non-laboratory-based model and laboratory-based model in a nationally representative sample of Peruvian adults.DesignCross-sectional analysis of a national health survey.MethodsAbsolute CVD risk was computed with the 2019 WHO laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based models. The risk predictions from both models were compared with Bland-Altman plots, Lin’s concordance coefficient correlation (LCCC), and kappa statistics, stratified by sex, age, body mass index categories, smoking and diabetes status.Results663 people aged 30–59 years were included in the analysis. Overall, there were no substantial differences between the mean CVD risk computed with the laboratory-based model 2.0% (95% CI 1.8% to 2.2%) and the non-laboratory-based model 2.0% (95% CI 1.8% to 2.1%). In the Bland-Altman plots, the limits of agreement were the widest among people with diabetes (−0.21; 4.37) compared with people without diabetes (−1.17; 0.95). The lowest agreement as per the LCCC was also seen in people with diabetes (0.74 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.82)), the same was observed with the kappa statistic (kappa=0.36). In general, agreement between the scores was appropriate in terms of clinical significance.ConclusionsThe absolute cardiovascular predicted risk was similar between the laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based 2019 WHO cardiovascular risk models. Pending validation from longitudinal studies, the non-laboratory-based model (instead of the laboratory-based) could be used when assessing CVD risk in Peruvian population.
Comprehensive self-tracking of blood glucose and lifestyle with a mobile application in the management of gestational diabetes: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (eMOM GDM study)
Authors: Kytö Mikko , Markussen Lisa Torsdatter , Marttinen Pekka , Jacucci Giulio , Niinistö Sari , Virtanen Suvi M , Korhonen Tuuli E , Sievänen Harri , Vähä-Ypyä Henri , Korhonen Ilkka , Heinonen Seppo , Koivusalo Saila B 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionGestational diabetes (GDM) causes various adverse short-term and long-term consequences for the mother and child, and its incidence is increasing globally. So far, the most promising digital health interventions for GDM management have involved healthcare professionals to provide guidance and feedback. The principal aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of comprehensive and real-time self-tracking with eMOM GDM mobile application (app) on glucose levels in women with GDM, and more broadly, on different other maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial is carried out in Helsinki metropolitan area. We randomise 200 pregnant women with GDM into the intervention and the control group at gestational week (GW) 24–28 (baseline, BL). The intervention group receives standard antenatal care and the eMOM GDM app, while the control group will receive only standard care. Participants in the intervention group use the eMOM GDM app with continuous glucose metre (CGM) and activity bracelet for 1 week every month until delivery and an electronic 3-day food record every month until delivery. The follow-up visit after intervention takes place 3 months post partum for both groups. Data are collected by laboratory blood tests, clinical measurements, capillary glucose measures, wearable sensors, air displacement plethysmography and digital questionnaires. The primary outcome is fasting plasma glucose change from BL to GW 35–37. Secondary outcomes include, for example, self-tracked capillary fasting and postprandial glucose measures, change in gestational weight gain, change in nutrition quality, change in physical activity, medication use due to GDM, birth weight and fat percentage of the child.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by Ethics Committee of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District. The results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04714762.
Use of the National Early Warning Score for predicting deterioration of patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a post-hoc analysis of the YEARS Study
Authors: Bavalia Roisin , Stals Milou A M , Mulder Frits I , Bistervels Ingrid M , Coppens Michiel , Faber Laura M , Hendriks Stephan V , Hofstee Herman M A , Huisman Menno V , van der Hulle Tom , Mairuhu Albert T A , Kruip Marieke J H A , Middeldorp Saskia , Klok Frederikus A , Hutten Barbara A , Holleman Frits 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and the simplified PESI (sPESI) are validated scores for mortality prediction in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a general prognostic risk score for multiple clinical settings. We investigated whether the NEWS had a comparable performance with the PESI and sPESI, for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death in patients with acute PE.MethodsIn haemodynamically stable patients with confirmed PE from the YEARS Study (2013–2015), we evaluated the performance of the NEWS, PESI and sPESI for predicting 7-day ICU admission and 30-day mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.ResultsOf 352 patients, 12 (3.4%) were admitted to the ICU and 5 (1.4%) died. The AUC of the NEWS for ICU admission was 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.94) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.00) for 30-day mortality. At a threshold of 3 points, NEWS yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 53% for ICU admission and 100% and 52% for 30-day mortality. The AUC of the PESI was 0.64 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.79) for ICU admission and 0.94 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.00) for mortality. At a threshold of 66 points, PESI yielded a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 38% for ICU admission. For mortality, these were 100% and 37%, respectively. The performance of the sPESI was similar to that of PESI.ConclusionIn comparison with PESI and sPESI, NEWS adequately predicted 7-day ICU admission as well as 30-day mortality, supporting its potential relevance for clinical practice.