bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular interaction of bioactive compounds from Senecio biafrae leaf with α-amylase and α-glucosidase receptors
Authors: Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is one of the silent killer diseases affecting millions of people globally and some of the key enzymes in managing this disease are α-amylase and α-glucosidase This study was designed to investigate the possible molecular interactions between various bioactive compounds of Senecio biafrae leaf on α-amylase and α-glucosidase (enzymes) receptors an important target protein in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
This study involved the investigation of the of gallic acid, chlorogenic, caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol (ligands) for Lipinski’s rule of five using Molinspiration, ADMET profiles using admetSAR server and molecular docking of 3D structures of the six bioactive compounds and metformin against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were carried out using AutoDockVina.

Results
The results revealed that caffeic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol obey Lipinski’s rule of five. All the ligands demonstrated high gastrointestinal tract absorption except rutin and chlorogenic acid, only one can serve as a P-glycoprotein substrate and three of the ligands used can act as cytochrome P450 inhibitors isoforms. All the ligands had a high binding affinity than metformin (the standard drug used).

Conclusion
In can be concluded that some of the bioactive compounds (especially caffeic acid) in Senecio biafrae leaf have antidiabetic activity, which they may serve as a potential antidiabetic drug in the management of diabetes mellitus than metformin.
Management strategy of plastic wastes in Taiwan
Authors: Lai Ying-Ying , Lee Yuh-Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe success and dominance of plastic products used in modern society have improved the quality of life but come with extensive environmental consequences. As a result, the United Nations, European Union, and several industrialized countries have put forth goals and action plans to expedite the recycle and reuse of plastic wastes to minimize their releases to the environment. To keep pace with the world trends of achieving environmental and resource sustainability, Taiwan developed the roadmap in 1997 to reduce the generation of plastic wastes (Phase I). The successful endeavors were further incorporated into the “5 + 2” program in 2019 which underscores the nation’s commitments towards circular economy and environmental awareness (Phase II). As a result, a domestic recycle rate of 51% was attained in 2019. This paper describes the strategy of managing the plastic wastes in Taiwan that has evolved over time. Selected highlights of the efforts involved (the four focal points of green designs, source reductions, recycling enhancements, as well as circulations and regenerations) are discussed. Along with the successful experiences in households and industries, recycle and reuse of plastic wastes has been expanded to the agricultural and fishing sectors as well.
The outcome of postoperative radiation therapy following plastic surgical resection of recurrent ear keloid: a single institution experience
Authors: Mohamed Reham , Elawadi Abosaleh Abosaleh , Al-Gendi Reham , Al-Mohsen Safa , Wani Shabeer , Wafa Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Ear keloids are abnormal continuously growing healing process following cutaneous injury. Surgical excision is the standard treatment strategy; however, 50–80% of cases develop recurrence. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is commonly offered with a marked decrease in the recurrence rate. The variation in RT protocols used in different studies leads to a bias of results analysis. The aim is to present our experience of using surgical excision with postoperative radiotherapy for recurrent ear keloids. Also, studying different variables especially dose and keloid size that affects recurrence rate. Radiotherapy complications were reported and assessed.

Patients and methods
Keloids between 2006 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-five ear keloids out of 83 cases who received RT after surgical excision were included in the study. Different dose regimens including 13 Gy/1fx, 8 Gy/1fx, 10 Gy/2fx, 15 Gy/3fx, and other fractionated regimens were used. The Median follow-up period was 35 months. Recurrence-free rate (RFR), side effects, and prognostic factors were assessed.

Results
The overall 2-year RFR was 88 ± 5%. The 2-year RFR was 83 ± 8% for dose regimens with biological effective dose (BED) ≤ 40 and 92 ± 5% for regimens with BED > 40 Gy with an insignificant p value. The 2-year RFR was 74 ± 10% compared to 97 ± 3% for keloids > 2 cm and keloids ≤ 2 cm respectively (p value 0.02). The higher dose used for keloids with > 2 cm size significantly improved RFR. The orthovoltage therapy showed marginally better 2-year RFR compared to electron beam therapy; however, statistically insignificant (p value 0.09). The side effects were minimal with no reported second malignancy or serious G3-4 complications.

Conclusion
Excision followed by RT is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent ear keloids. Low and modest radiation doses are effective; however, a higher dose is recommended for keloids > 2 cm. We recommend a prospective larger-scale study to test the effect of dose and keloid size on the treatment results.
Cranial nerve involvement in mucormycosis in post-COVID patients: a case series
Authors: Gupta Neeti , Dembla Saurabh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
One of the largest outbreaks of rhinosinocerebral mucormycosis (RSCM) occurred in India close to the second wave of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. RSCM is a rare infection caused by several fungal species occurring in immunocompromised subjects. Mucor shows a high propensity to invade the central nervous system. There have been limited studies, mostly isolated case reports, on the neurological manifestations of RSCM. The outbreak of mucormycosis infection was thus the most opportune to study the neurological manifestations and cranial nerve involvement in mucormycosis in greater depths.

Aim of the study
The purpose of the study was to investigate and review the involvement of cranial nerves in a series of cases of rhinosinocerebral mucormycosis associated with the novel coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Results
It was a retrospective cross-sectional study of seven patients who were undergoing treatment of RSCM with a recent history of coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection within the last 3 months. Patients with cranial nerve involvement were identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a single institution. Demographic details of the patients, clinical presentation, imaging, microbiological and pathological findings were recorded. All subjects had two or more cranial nerves affected by fungal infection. The most commonly involved cranial nerve was found to be the optic nerve followed by the trigeminal nerve and its branches. We document three cases with extensive involvement of the inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3), a previously unreported finding. In one case, in addition to the second and fifth cranial nerves, the third, fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and twelfth cranial nerves were involved without any sensory or motor long tract involvement, suggestive of Garcin syndrome secondary to intracranial abscesses and skull base osteomyelitis due to invasive fungal infection. This case is of rare occurrence in the literature, and our study provides one such example.

Conclusion
Cranial nerve involvement in patients of mucormycosis tends to have a poor prognosis, both cosmetic and functional. Radical surgeries and aggressive medical management is needed in such cases to improve the outcome.
40-user fully connected entanglement-based quantum key distribution network without trusted node
Authors: Liu Xu , Liu Jingyuan , Xue Rong , Wang Heqing , Li Hao , Feng Xue , Liu Fang , Cui Kaiyu , Wang Zhen , You Lixing , Huang Yidong , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) would play an important role in future information technologies due to its theoretically proven security based on the laws of quantum mechanics. How to realize QKDs among multiple users in an effective and simple way is crucial for its real applications in communication networks. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a fully connected QKD network without trusted node for a large number of users. Using flexible wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing and space division multiplexing, entanglement resources generated by a broadband energy-time entangled quantum light source are distributed to 40 users. Any two users share a part of entanglement resources, by which QKD is established between them. As a result, it realizes a fully connected network with 40 users and 780 QKD links. The performance of this network architecture is also discussed theoretically, showing its potential on developing quantum communication networks with large user numbers owing to its simplicity, scalability, and high efficiency.
Relationship of sphenoid sinus to adjacent structures in South India: a retrospective cross sectional study
Authors: Singh Amardeep , Manjunath K. , Singh Harbans 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Sphenoid sinus is one of the most inaccessible paranasal sinuses. Advent of minimally invasive trans-nasal trans-sphenoidal approach over the past few years has provided an additional armament in the hands of skull-base surgeons to access pathologies adjoining base of skull. Close relationship of vital neurovascular structures with sphenoid sinus and variability of their protrusions into the sinus make these structures more vulnerable to iatrogenic trauma during surgical procedures. Preoperative assessment of such variations is imperative to avoid unintentional damage. The present study is a retrospective study conducted on CT scan records of 140 patients with an aim to evaluate prevalence of vital structures invaginating into sphenoid sinus and their clinical implications. The internal carotid artery (ICA), optic nerve (ON), maxillary nerve (MN), and Vidian nerve (VN) were assessed for protrusion into the sphenoid sinus and their dehiscence. Attachment of septum to protruding structures was also assessed. Data was statistically analyzed in the form of frequency and percentage to evaluate the prevalence of neurovascular invaginations into sphenoid sinus and their clinical implications.

Results
ICA invagination was observed in 16% of males and 12% of females with males showing higher frequency on left side. Protrusion of ON was seen in 13% of males and 10% of females with higher prevalence in bilateral category. Twenty-four percent of study population had MN prominences which included 13% of males and 11% of females with higher reflection of bilateral presentation. Highest prevalence of 44% was observed in VN protrusions with equal distribution (22%) among each sex. Majority of these were bilaterally located. Dehiscence of ICA was observed in 9%, ON in 29%, MN in 10%, and VN in 30% of study population. Dehiscence brings these structures closure to sinus mucosa with increased risk of involvement in sinus disease. Septal attachment to ICA and ON was present in 7% and 15% cases respectively.

Conclusion
Preoperative assessment of anatomical configuration of sphenoid sinus and associated neurovascular structures is mandatory to minimize per-operative complications. This study provides statistical data on anatomical variations in neurovascular structures protruding into the sphenoid sinus, their dehiscence, and septal attachments in South Indian population.
Prediction models in first-episode psychosis: systematic review and critical appraisal
Authors: Lee Rebecca , Leighton Samuel P. , Thomas Lucretia , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Wood Stephen J. , Fenton Sarah-Jane H. , Deligianni Fani , Cavanagh Jonathan , Mallikarjun Pavan K. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPeople presenting with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have heterogenous outcomes. More than 40% fail to achieve symptomatic remission. Accurate prediction of individual outcome in FEP could facilitate early intervention to change the clinical trajectory and improve prognosis.AimsWe aim to systematically review evidence for prediction models developed for predicting poor outcome in FEP.MethodA protocol for this study was published on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number CRD42019156897. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance, we systematically searched six databases from inception to 28 January 2021. We used the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies and the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to extract and appraise the outcome prediction models. We considered study characteristics, methodology and model performance.ResultsThirteen studies reporting 31 prediction models across a range of clinical outcomes met criteria for inclusion. Eleven studies used logistic regression with clinical and sociodemographic predictor variables. Just two studies were found to be at low risk of bias. Methodological limitations identified included a lack of appropriate validation, small sample sizes, poor handling of missing data and inadequate reporting of calibration and discrimination measures. To date, no model has been applied to clinical practice.ConclusionsFuture prediction studies in psychosis should prioritise methodological rigour and external validation in larger samples. The potential for prediction modelling in FEP is yet to be realised.
Biopsychosocial exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and the relative risk of schizophrenia: Interrupted time-series analysis of a nationally representative sample
Authors: Travis-Lumer Yael , Kodesh Arad , Goldberg Yair , Reichenberg Abraham , Frangou Sophia , Levine Stephen Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies of COVID-19 pandemic biopsychosocial exposure and schizophrenia risk showed contradictory results, were undertaken early in the pandemic, and did not consider lockdowns or COVID-19 infection. Hence, we examined the association between COVID-19 biopsychosocial exposure and incident schizophrenia.MethodsAn interrupted time-series study design was implemented based on Israeli electronic health records from 2013 to 2021 with national coverage. The period coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic biopsychosocial exposures from March 2020 to February 2021 was classified as exposed, otherwise unexposed. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on incident schizophrenia was quantified by fitting a Poisson regression and modeling the relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Three scenarios were projected from the third lockdown to 10 months to forecast incident schizophrenia rates and their associated 95% prediction intervals (PI).ResultsThe total population (N = 736,356) yielded 4,310 cases of incident schizophrenia over time. The primary analysis showed that the period exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a reduced RR (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.91, p < 0.001). This conclusion was supported in 12 sensitivity analyses, including scrutinizing lockdowns and COVID-19 infection status. Two of three forecast scenarios projected an incident increase (6.74, 95% PI = 5.80, 7.84; 7.40, 95% PI = 6.36, 8.60).ConclusionsThe reduced risk of schizophrenia during the pandemic suggests no immediate triggering of new onsets either by the virus or the pandemic-induced psychosocial adversities. Once restrictions are lifted, the increased projected presentations have implications for clinicians and healthcare policy.
Optimal non-Markovian composite search algorithms for spatially correlated targets
Authors: Klimek A. , Netz R. R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the efficiency of a wide class of stochastic non-Markovian search strategies for spatially correlated target distributions. For an uninformed searcher that performs a non-composite random search, a ballistically moving search is optimal for destructible targets, even when the targets are correlated. For an informed searcher that can measure the time elapsed since the last target encounter and performs a composite search consisting of alternating extensive ballistic trajectories and intensive non-Markovian search trajectories, the efficiency can be more than three times higher compared to a ballistic searcher. We optimize the memory function that describes the intensive non-Markovian search motion and find a single-exponential memory function to be optimal. In our extended search model the intensive search mode is activated when the distance between two consecutively found targets in the extensive search mode is smaller than a threshold length called the memory distance d

m
. We find that a finite value of d

m
quite generally leads to optimal search efficiency for correlated target distributions.
Multi-view confocal microscopy enables multiple organ and whole organism live-imaging
Authors: Leroy Olivier , van Leen Eric , Girard Philippe , Villedieu Aurélien , Hubert Christian , Bosveld Floris , Bellaïche Yohanns , Renaud Olivier 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding how development is coordinated in multiple tissues and gives rise to fully functional organs or whole organisms necessitates microscopy tools. Over the last decade numerous advances have been made in live-imaging, enabling high resolution imaging of whole organisms at cellular resolution. Yet, these advances mainly rely on mounting the specimen in agarose or aqueous solutions, precluding imaging of organisms whose oxygen uptake depends on ventilation. Here, we implemented a multi-view multi-scale microscopy strategy based on confocal spinning disk microscopy, called Multi-View confocal microScopy (MuViScopy). MuViScopy enables live-imaging of multiple organs with cellular resolution using sample rotation and confocal imaging without the need of sample embedding. We illustrate the capacity of MuViScopy by live-imaging Drosophila melanogaster pupal development throughout metamorphosis, highlighting how internal organs are formed and multiple organ development is coordinated. We foresee that MuViScopy will open the path to better understand developmental processes at the whole organism scale in living systems that require gas exchange by ventilation.
Immune function and dysfunction are determined by lymphoid tissue efficacy
Authors: Makris Spyridon , de Winde Charlotte M. , Horsnell Harry L. , Cantoral-Rebordinos Jesús A. , Finlay Rachel E. , Acton Sophie E. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Lymphoid tissue returns to a steady state once each immune response is resolved, and although this occurs multiple times throughout life, its structural integrity and functionality remain unaffected. Stromal cells orchestrate cellular interactions within lymphoid tissue, and any changes to the microenvironment can have detrimental outcomes and drive disease. A breakdown in lymphoid tissue homeostasis can lead to a loss of tissue structure and function that can cause aberrant immune responses. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue function and remodelling in adaptive immunity and in disease states. We discuss the functional role of lymphoid tissue in disease progression and explore the changes to lymphoid tissue structure and function driven by infection, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Understanding the role of lymphoid tissues in immune responses to a wide range of pathologies allows us to take a fuller systemic view of disease progression.
Bumblebees display characteristics of active vision during robust obstacle avoidance flight
Authors: Ravi Sridhar , Siesenop Tim , Bertrand Olivier J. , Li Liang , Doussot Charlotte , Fisher Alex , Warren William H. , Egelhaaf Martin 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Insects are remarkable flyers and capable of navigating through highly cluttered environments. We tracked the head and thorax of bumblebees freely flying in a tunnel containing vertically oriented obstacles to uncover the sensorimotor strategies used for obstacle detection and collision avoidance. Bumblebees presented all the characteristics of active vision during flight by stabilizing their head relative to the external environment and maintained close alignment between their gaze and flightpath. Head stabilization increased motion contrast of nearby features against the background to enable obstacle detection. As bees approached obstacles, they appeared to modulate avoidance responses based on the relative retinal expansion velocity (RREV) of obstacles and their maximum evasion acceleration was linearly related to RREVmax. Finally, bees prevented collisions through rapid roll manoeuvres implemented by their thorax. Overall, the combination of visuo-motor strategies of bumblebees highlights elegant solutions developed by insects for visually guided flight through cluttered environments.
Copper-bismuth Binary Oxide Clusters: An Efficient Catalyst for Selective Styrene Bisperoxidation
Authors: Koizumi Hiromu , Tanabe Makoto , Kambe Tetsuya , Imaoka Takane , Chun Wang-Jae , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Binary oxide clusters (BOCs) composed of Cu and Bi atoms were prepared using a macromolecular dendritic template. The oxidized Cu16Bi12Ox exhibited selective styrene bisperoxidation. The catalytic performance and durability were improved by incorporation of Bi into the CuOx clusters.
Nitrogen Extrusion of Diazacorrphycenes to Azacorroles and Synthesis of Two Types of Copper 10-Azacorrole Complexes
Authors: Yagi Atsumi , Okada Naoya , Fukui Norihito , Tanaka Hisaaki , Hatakeyama Takuji , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of Pd(II) and Cu(II) 10-azacorroles with a meso-NH group has been achieved through the thermal extrusion of one nitrogen atom from the corresponding diazacorrphycene metal complexes. We also found that oxidation of the Cu(II) 10-azacorrole complex afforded another type of copper 10-azacorrole with an imine moiety. The structural, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of these compounds were investigated to disclose the nature of two types of copper 10-azacorroles.