bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Liquid Metal Channels to Enable High Power Additively Manufactured SMA Actuators
Authors: Mingear Jacob L. , Allen Brady K. , Zamarripa Jessica J. , Hartl Darren J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Shape memory alloys are capable of producing some of the highest actuation stresses (~300 MPa) of any active material. However, large monolithic SMA actuators, which can induce the tremendous forces required in some applications, are currently limited to low cyclic actuation frequencies due to their associated high thermal masses coupled with innate low thermal diffusivities of the material. An increase in the effective thermal diffusivity of an SMA actuator system will result in an increase in actuation frequency; accordingly, this would lead to the ability to perform more cycles over a given time interval and subsequently yield an overall higher actuator power density (energy density with time). This current work presents ongoing research in the design, manufacturing, enabling surface engineering (such as chemical etching and anodization), and testing of internal channel additively manufactured SMA actuator designs, including a tensile bar variation and planned testing of an optimized cantilever beam.
Controlling Crystallographic Texture and Thermomechanical Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy through Laser Powder Bed Fusion Technique
Authors: Safaei Keyvan , Nematollahi Mohammadreza , Bayati Parisa , Kordizadeh Fatemeh , Abedi Hossein , Taheri Andani Nasrin , Poorganji Behrang , Elahinia Mohammad , Taheri Andani Mohsen , Benafan Othmane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, the authors introduce an approach in additive manufacturing that enables control of the crystallographic texture through controlling the build orientation in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method. The LPBF parameters play a key role in tailoring the microstructure of the as-fabricated parts. The proposed approach provides the capability of altering/enhancing the properties of the as-printed NiTi shape memory alloys by controlling the texture. The anisotropy may not be preferred for applications with complex and multi-axial loading regimes; however, the approach can be suitable for application with the main loading direction such as torque tube actuators.
Towards Understanding the Initiation and Growth of Fatigue Failures at Defects and Inclusions in NiTi
Authors: Rendon Nathan , Daharsh Emma , LePage William 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Failure in device-grade NiTi is often due to nonmetallic inclusions in the NiTi, along with phase transformation in the surrounding NiTi. While progress has been made through metallurgy for high-purity NiTi, along with fatigue life experiments (e.g., total life with respect to mean strain), there remains a lack of understanding about how the fatigue life of NiTi devices is determined in the presence of inclusion defects. To better understand inclusions, this work is probing the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks in and around particle- void assemblies. The approach utilizes a combination of fatigue testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both optical and SEM digital image correlation (DIC), and focused ion beam milling (FIB). Initial results have revealed that cracks tend to form first around smaller "teardrop" inclusions instead of larger "stringer" inclusions. The crack-forming inclusions tend to have nonmetallic inclusions that remain intact. This is in contrast with the larger, "stringer" inclusion that has nonmetallic particles that are not intact. Additional work is being done to better understand these findings. Additionally, ongoing studies with energy-dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) are identifying the composition of the various inclusion types.
Performance Optimization of Automotive Air-Conditioning System Operating with Al2O3-SiO2/PAG Composite Nanolubricants using Taguchi Method
Authors: Zawawi Nurul Nadia Mohd , Azmi Wan Hamzah , Ghazali Mohd Fairusham , Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar 
Published: May 2022

The performance of an automotive air-conditioning (AAC) system is influenced by a variety of operating conditions. This can be addressed by employing optimization techniques that can suggest the appropriate parameters for the best results. In this study, the optimum operating conditions for a composite nanolubricants-fuelled AAC system were investigate using Taguchi's design of experiment approach and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The motor speed value, initial refrigerant charge, and composite nanolubricants composition ratio were chosen as operating parameters to investigate the AAC system performance, focusing on the coefficient of performance (COP) and compressor work. Orthogonal arrays (ORs) L25 (56) was selected to determine the optimum operating parameters of the AAC system. The optimum values for speed, refrigerant mass, and composition ratio were determined to be A4B1C5 (60:40, 900 rpm and 155 g), respectively. The motor speed was the significant factor influencing both COP and compressor performance by 78.13% and 89.29%. A confirmation test was conducted with the optimum levels of AAC system parameters to verify the efficiency of the Taguchi optimization method. The validation between the optimization results and the experimental results yielded a maximum error of 9.85%, indicating that the findings of this investigation were acceptable.
Proximal and distal reciprocal changes following cervical deformity malalignment correction
Authors: Lafage Renaud , Smith Justin S. , Fong Alex Moy , Sheikh Alshabab Basel , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Klineberg Eric O. , Mundis Gregory , Passias Peter G. , Gupta Munish , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Kim Han Jo , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank , Ames Christopher P. , Lafage Virginie , _ _ 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
Hyperextension of C0–2 is a debilitating compensatory mechanism used to maintain horizontal gaze, analogous to high pelvic tilt in the lumbopelvic complex to maintain an upright posture. This study aims to investigate the impact of cervical deformity (CD) correction on this hyperextension. The authors hypothesize that correction of cervical sagittal malalignment allows for relaxation of C0–2 hyperextension and improved clinical outcomes.

METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted of a multicenter database of patients with CD undergoing spinal realignment and fusion caudal to C2 and cephalad to the pelvis. Range of motion (ROM) and reserve of extension (ROE) were calculated across C2–7 and C0–2. The association between C2–7 correction and change in C0–2 ROE was investigated while controlling for horizontal gaze, followed by stratification into ΔC2–7 percentiles.

RESULTS
Sixty-five patients were included (mean age 61.8 ± 9.6 years, 68% female). At baseline, patients had cervical kyphosis (C2–7, −11.7° ± 18.2°; T1 slope–cervical lordosis mismatch, 38.6° ± 18.6°), negative global alignment (sagittal vertical axis [SVA] −12.8 ± 71.2 mm), and hyperlordosis at C0–2 (mean 33.2° ± 11.8°). The mean ROM was 25.7° ± 17.7° and 21.3° ± 9.9° at C2–7 and C0–2, respectively, with an ROE of approximately 9° for each segment. Limited C0–2 ROM and ROE correlated with the Neck Disability Index (r = −0.371 and −0.394, p < 0.01). The mean number of levels fused was 7.0 ± 3.1 (24.6% anterior, 43.1% posterior), with 87.7% undergoing at least an osteotomy. At 1 year, mean C2–7 increased to 5.5° ± 13.4°, SVA became neutral (11.5 ± 54.8 mm), C0–2 hyperlordosis decreased to 27.8° ± 11.7°, and thoracic kyphosis (TK) increased to −49.4° ± 18.1° (all p < 0.001). Concurrently, mean C0–2 ROM increased to 27.6° ± 8.1° and C2–7 ROM decreased significantly to 9.0° ± 12.3° without a change in ROE. Controlling for horizontal gaze, change in C2–7 lordosis significantly correlated with increased TK (r = −0.617, p < 0.001), decreased C0–2 (r = −0.747, p < 0.001), and increased C0–2 ROE (r = 0.550, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
CD correction can significantly impact cephalad and caudal compensation in the upper cervical and thoracic spine. Restoration of cervical alignment resulted in increased C0–2 ROE and TK and was also associated with improved clinical outcome.
PROTESTOS NO CHILE (2019)
Authors: Perez Bernardes de Moraes Thiago , Mottinha Santos Romer , Tagore Palma Soza Pablo 
Published: May 2022

Em 2019 o Chile viu florescer uma onda de protestos contra o sistema e o governo o governo que tiveram seu estopim inicial o ajuste das tarifas do transporte público, de maneira muito parecida a “Primavera Brasileira” em 2013 (Moraes & Santos, 2013). Dada a importância que a oferta de fontes de informações confiáveis exerce nas democracias e na participação de maneira geral, busca-se por meio de um quase-experimento natural compreender a forma como os protestos de 2019 no Chile foram "representados" dentro da agenda de interesse dos internautas, compreendendo aqui registros do YouTube e do Google Notícias. Os resultados apontam que 70% das buscas registradas no YouTube em relação aos protestos no Chile podem ser explicadas por um interesse prévio em relação a notícias sobre o tema. Isso denota de algum modo um continuum onde o indivíduo busca tornar mais robusta suas informações, buscando canais e formas diferentes de mídias, o que pode por sua vez exercer um efeito expressivo na participação política de forma geral (ampliando o efeito dos protestos).
Therapeutic Effect of Pericytes for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Kim Kyeong Mi , An Hyun-Ju , Kim Sang-Hoon , Kim JuHee , Sim Changgon , Lee Jaemin , Park Sin Hyung , Lee Hyun Il , Jang Inseok , Lee Soonchul 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveNumerous attempts have been made to devise treatments for ischemic foot ulcer (IFU), which is one of the most severe and fatal consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM). Pericytes, which are perivascular multipotent cells, are of interest as a treatment option for IFU because they play a critical role in forming and repairing various tissues. In this study, we want to clarify the angiogenic potential of pericytes in DM-induced wounds.MethodsWe evaluated pericyte stimulation capability for tube formation, angiogenesis, and wound healing (cell migration) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with in-vivo and in-vitro models of high glucose conditions.ResultsWhen HUVECs were co-cultured with pericytes, their tube-forming capacity and cell migration were enhanced. Our diabetic mouse model showed that pericytes promote wound healing via increased vascularization.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that pericytes may enhance wound healing in high glucose conditions, consequently making pericyte transplantation suitable for treating IFUs.
Cardiac Performance and Cardiopulmonary Fitness After Infection With SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wood Gregory , Kirkevang Therese Stegeager , Agergaard Jane , Leth Steffen , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Laustsen Christoffer , Larsen Anders Hostrup , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf , Østergaard Lars Jørgen , Bøtker Hans Erik , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt , Kim Won Yong 
Published: May 2022

AimsPersistent cardiac symptoms are an increasingly reported phenomenon following COVID-19. However, the underlying cause of cardiac symptoms is unknown. This study aimed to identify the underlying causes, if any, of these symptoms 1 year following acute COVID-19 infection.Methods and Results22 individuals with persistent cardiac symptoms were prospectively investigated using echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), 6-min walking test, cardio-pulmonary exercise testing and electrocardiography. A median of 382 days (IQR 368, 442) passed between diagnosis of COVID-19 and investigation. As a cohort their echocardiography, CMR, 6-min walking test and exercise testing results were within the normal ranges. There were no differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (61.45 ± 6.59 %), global longitudinal strain (19.80 ± 3.12 %) or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (24.96 ± 5.55 mm) as measured by echocardiography compared to a healthy control group. VO2 max (2045.00 ± 658.40 ml/min), % expected VO2 max (114.80 ± 23.08 %) and 6-minute distance walked (608.90 ± 54.51 m) exceeded that expected for the patient cohort, whilst Troponin I (5.59 ± 6.59 ng/l) and Nt-proBNP (88.18 ± 54.27 ng/l) were normal.ConclusionAmong a cohort of 22 patients with self-reported persistent cardiac symptoms, we identified no underlying cardiac disease or reduced cardiopulmonary fitness 1 year following COVID-19.
Extensive Aortic Thromboembolism in a Patient With Erdheim-Chester Disease: A Case Report
Authors: He Jiangping , Fang Xin , Zhang Xianfeng , Chen Kuang , Huang Jiao 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundErdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare disease that affects multiple systems and is characterized by non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Classic clinical signs include long bone infiltration, central nervous system involvement, diabetes insipidus, and sheathing of the entire aorta. However, thrombosis is not recognized as a typical cardiac manifestation of ECD. Here, we report the case of an ECD patient with extensive arterial thrombus formation and embolism in several sections of the aorta.CaseA 36-year-old woman was admitted due to recurrent fever and left finger cyanosis for 20 days. Laboratory tests revealed that her C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were significantly elevated. Thoracic computed tomographic angiography (CTA) revealed thrombosis from the aortic arch to the left subclavian artery accompanied by severe stenosis of the left subclavian artery. Abdominal CTA revealed splenic infarction due to splenic artery embolism and thrombus formation in multiple abdominal arteries. She underwent emergent arterial thrombectomy. During hospitalization, she complained of polyuria. The desmopressin test and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested diabetes insipidus. Furthermore, positron emission tomography-computed tomography and bone emission computed tomography showed long bone impairment, and pathological examination of the bone samples confirmed ECD. Steroids and tocilizumab were selected as the initial therapies; however, thrombosis continued to develop. After replacement of tocilizumab with interferon-α, her condition became stable.ConclusionAlthough extremely rare, fatal thrombosis may be a significant cardiovascular manifestation of ECD.
Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese Cohort
Authors: Zou Yao-Wei , Li Qian-Hua , Gao Jing-Wei , Pan Jie , Ma Jian-Da , Chen Le-Feng , Lin Jian-Zi , Mo Ying-Qian , Zhang Xue-Pei , Liu Pin-Ming , Dai Lie 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is considered to identify more cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in the general population. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carry an excess risk for CVD. However, the prevalence of MAFLD and its relationship with CVD risks in RA have not been reported.MethodsThis cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed clinical data from a Chinese RA cohort. MAFLD was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by an international expert panel from 22 countries in 2020. CVD risk in patients with RA was estimated by the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China with a 1.5 multiplication factor.ResultsAmong 513 included patients with RA, 78.4% were women and the mean ± SD age was 51.8 ± 12.6 years. The prevalence of MAFLD was 21.4%. There were 10.9% patients with RA concomitated with CVD events and 32.4% with a high-estimated 10-year CVD risk. Besides a higher liver fibrosis score and a higher ratio of advanced fibrosis, RA patients with MAFLD had a higher rate of CVD events (17.3 vs. 9.2%) and a higher proportion of high estimated 10-year CVD risk (55.5 vs. 26.1%) than those without. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MAFLD was associated with an increase in CVD events [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.190, 95% CI 1.135–4.227] and high estimated 10-year CVD risk (AOR = 2.483, 95% CI 1.412–4.365, all p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was associated with increased CVD risk in patients with RA, which implies the importance of early detection and management of MAFLD in patients with RA.
Melatonin Improves Quality of Repeated-Poor and Frozen-Thawed Embryos in Human, a Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Bao Zhongjian , Li Guangdong , Wang Rongxiang , Xue Songguo , Zeng Yong , Deng Shoulong 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveIn this study, two experiments were performed to assess the effect and the role of melatonin on human in vitro embryo quality.MethodsExperiment I: A total of 42 repeated-poor-quality-embryo patients were enrolled, with a total of 181 oocytes retrieval cycles. After IVF, for the same patient, the MT cycles group (10-7 M melatonin added to the culture medium; n=48) were compared with the previous non-MT cycles group (n=133), following by in vitro culture to blastocyst stage and embryo transfer. 31 patients were transplanted with 65 embryo transfer, including 24 MT embryo transfer, 41 non-MT embryo transfer. Cycle outcomes were compared between the two groups. Experiment II:A total of 143 supernumerary human cleavage-stage embryos (from non-repeated-poor-quality-embryo patients) vitrified on Day 3 after IVF were warmed and randomized into two groups: melatonin group (10-7 M melatonin added to the culture medium; n=71) and control group (n=72), and then cultured for 72 h. Rate of blastocyst and high-quality blastocyst, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of culture media as well as embryonic GPX1, CAT, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, BCL-2, BAX gene expression levels were analyzed.ResultsExperiment I: Results showed that the rate of Day 3 high-quality embryos (29.6% vs.19.5%) in the MT cycles group was significantly higher than that in the non-MT cycles group (P&lt;0.05). The rate of available blastocysts (17.1% vs.12.7%) and clinical pregnancy rate (25.0% vs.17.1%) were in tendency higher in the group treated with melatonin (P&gt;0.05). Experiment II:Results showed that the blastocyst rates in the melatonin administered group were significantly higher than in control group (42.25% vs.26.38%, P&lt;0.05). There were no significant differences in high-quality blastocyst rates. In addition, quantitative PCR showed that the expression of CAT was significantly upregulated by melatonin treatment (P&lt;0.05), while there were no significant differences in the expression of GPX1, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, BAX and BCL-2 gene as well as the levels of ROS.ConclusionThese data showed that melatonin supplement in the culture medium will improve Day 3 high-quality embryos rate of repeated-poor-quality-embryo patients and improve blastocyst rate of vitrified-warmed cleavage-stage embryos, suggesting that melatonin intervention may provide a potential rescue strategy for IVF failures.Clinical Trial Registrationidentifier [ChiCTR2200059773].
Menopausal Transition: Prospective Study of Estrogen Status, Circulating MicroRNAs, and Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism
Authors: Baloun Jiri , Pekacova Aneta , Wenchich Laszlo , Hruskova Hana , Senolt Ladislav , Svec Xiao , Pavelka Karel , Stepan Jan J. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveOsteoporosis is associated with an impaired balance between bone resorption and formation, which in turn leads to bone loss and fractures. Many recent studies have underlined the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bone remodeling processes and their potential as biomarkers of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association of circulating miRNAs and bone biomarkers with estrogen status in women before and after oophorectomy, as well as in oophorectomized women on estrogen therapy.MethodsIn this prospective study, we included 11 women before oophorectomy and hysterectomy and at 201 ± 24 days after the surgery. Another 11 women were evaluated 508 ± 127 days after oophorectomy and hysterectomy and after an additional 203 ± 71 days of estradiol treatment. Serum miRNAs were profiled by sequencing. Estrogen status and biomarkers of bone metabolism were quantified. Bone mineral density was assessed in the lumbar spine.ResultsOur analysis revealed 17 miRNAs associated with estrogen levels. Of those miRNAs that were upregulated with estrogen deficiency and downregulated after estrogen therapy, miR-422a correlated with serum beta-carboxy-terminal type I collagen crosslinks (β-CTX) and procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP); and miR-1278 correlated with serum β-CTX, P1NP, osteocalcin, sclerostin, and Dickkopf-1(Dkk1). In contrast, we found an inverse association of miR-24-1-5p with estrogen status and a negative correlation with serum β-CTX, P1NP, osteoprotegerin, and sclerostin levels.ConclusionThe reported miRNAs associated with estrogen status and bone metabolism could be potential biomarkers of bone pathophysiology and would facilitate studies on the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our findings require validation in an extended cohort.
Low Parathyroid Hormone Versus Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Survival in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Guo Wang , Zhang Huixian , Zhang Yamei , Huang Hongdong , Liu Wenhu , Diao Zongli 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionLow serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) are very common in patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, it remains unclear which of these has a lower mortality.ObjectiveIn this study, we compared outcomes between hemodialysis patients with low PTH and those with SHPT.MethodsThis was a multi-center, retrospective, matched cohort study. Median intact PTH (iPTH) was used as the cutoff for allocating participants to low PTH (iPTH&lt;100 pg/mL) and SHPT groups (iPTH ≥600 pg/mL). Sex, diabetes, age, and dialysis vintage were matched between the groups. The primary outcome was all-cause death at 72 months.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 2282 patients (1166 in each study group). Prior to matching, the primary outcome occurred in 429/1166 patients (36.79%) in the low PTH group and in 284/1116 (25.45%) in the SHPT group. There were no significant differences in all-cause death between the groups according to multivariable Cox regression (P=0.423). The hazard ratio for low PTH versus SHPT was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.30). Propensity matching created 619 pairs of patients. Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, diabetes, and dialysis vintage were comparable between the groups. The primary outcome occurred in 195/619 patients (31.50%) in the low PTH group and in 193/619 (31.18%) in the SHPT group. There were no significant differences in all-cause death between the groups according to multivariable Cox regression (P=0.43). The adjusted hazard ratio for low PTH versus SHPT was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.39).ConclusionsHemodialysis patients with low PTH have similar all-cause death rates to the rates for those with SHPT.