bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal microbiota dynamics and its relationship to diarrhea and health in dairy calves
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Liu Yalu , Huang Kailang , Yang Bin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yu Zhongtang , Wang Jiakun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young calves, resulting in considerable economic loss for dairy farms. To determine if some gut microbes might have resistance to dysbiotic process with calf diarrhea by dictating the microbial co-occurrence patterns from birth to post-weaning, we examined the dynamic development of the gut microbiota and diarrhea status using two animal trials, with the first trial having 14 Holstein dairy calves whose fecal samples were collected 18 times over 78 d from birth to 15 d post-weaning and the second trial having 43 Holstein dairy calves whose fecal samples were collected daily from 8 to 18 days of age corresponding to the first diarrhea peak of trial 1.

Results
Metataxonomic analysis of the fecal microbiota showed that the development of gut microbiota had three age periods with birth and weaning as the separatrices. Two diarrhea peaks were observed during the transition of the three age periods. Fusobacteriaceae was identified as a diarrhea-associated taxon both in the early stage and during weaning, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was another increased genus among diarrheic calves in the early stage. In the neonatal calves, Prevotella_2 (ASV4 and ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43), and Alloprevotella (ASV14) were negatively associated with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48), the keystone taxa of the diarrhea-phase module. During weaning, unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28 and ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Barnesiella (ASV497), and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254) were identified being associated with non-diarrheic status, and they aggregated in the non-diarrhea module of co-occurrence patterns wherein unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28) and Barnesiella (ASV497) had a direct negative relationship with the members of the diarrhea module.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results suggest that the dynamic successions of calf gut microbiota and the interactions among some bacteria could influence calf diarrhea, and some species of Prevotella might be the core microbiota in both neonatal and weaning calves, while species of Muribaculaceae might be the core microbiota in weaning calves for preventing calf diarrhea. Some ASVs affiliated with Prevotella_2 (ASV4 and ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43), Alloprevotella (AVS14), unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28 and ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254), and Barnesiella (ASV497) might be proper probiotics for preventing calf diarrhea whereas Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48) might be the biomarker for diarrhea risk in specific commercial farms.
Methods to analyze extracellular vesicles at single particle level
Authors: Kwon Yongmin , Park Jaesung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles derived from cells that transport biomaterials between cells through biofluids. Due to their biological role and components, they are considered as potential drug carriers and for diagnostic applications. Today's advanced nanotechnology enables single-particle-level analysis that was difficult in the past due to its small size below the diffraction limit. Single EV analysis reveals the heterogeneity of EVs, which could not be discovered by various ensemble analysis methods. Understanding the characteristics of single EVs enables more advanced pathological and biological researches. This review focuses on the advanced techniques employed for EV analysis at the single particle level and describes the principles of each technique.
Challenge of transition: the history of a case study involving tropical fruits polyculture stimulated by humic acids and plant-growth promoting bacteria
Authors: Canellas Luciano Pasqualoto , Olivares Fábio Lopes , Canellas Natália Oliveira Aguiar , Jindo Keiji , Rosa Raul Castro Carrielo , Piccolo Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Innovative technologies are required in agricultural production to eliminate the environmental risk generated by the intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Soil organic matter is a keystone for the transition towards sustainable production. However, it is not an easy task to increase soil organic matter in highly weathered soils without considerable resources and energy. Here, we highlighted the role of biological inputs in plant adaptation to low fertility and water scarcity. The direct use of humic acids and plant growth-promoting bacteria on plants can modify the root architecture systems, including surface area and roots length, thus allowing greater soil exploration.

Material and methods
Within a socio-historical perspective of concepts and research methods, a case study is presented on the effects of humic acids applied together with plant-growth promoting bacteria, as an efficient tool for supporting the transition to more suitable production system. We implemented this natural ecological approach onto a polyculture system with different tropical fruits (banana, passion fruit, papaya and pineapple) and evaluated crop yields.

Results
We observed increases of around 50 and 90% in banana and papaya yield, respectively, and 25% in passion fruit productions, with significantly greater yields maintained over four production cycles. No effect was observed in ananas production probably due to the large shading level in the area.

Conclusion
The biostimulant formulated with endophytic diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids represents a low-cost technology that enhances crop yields and can play an important role in promoting a transition process towards sustainable agriculture.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical manifestations of wasp stings: a case report and a review of literature
Authors: Ruwanpathirana Pramith , Priyankara Dilshan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWasp stinging, a neglected tropical entity can have a myriad of local and systemic effects. We present a case of multi-organ injury following multiple wasp stings and a review of literature on the systemic manifestations of wasp stings.Case presentationA 48-year-old Sri Lankan male who suffered multiple wasp stings, developed an anaphylactic shock with respiratory failure, which was treated with adrenaline and mechanical ventilation. Within the next 2 days the patient developed acute fulminant hepatitis, stage III acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, haemolysis and thrombocytopenia. The patient was treated in the intensive care unit with ionopressors and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Haemoadsorbant therapy was used in adjunct with CRRT. There was a gradual recovery of the organ functions over the 1st week. However, the patient succumbed to fungal sepsis on the 16th day despite treatment. We conducted a literature review to identify the various clinical manifestations of wasp stinging. Wasp venom contains enzymes, amines, peptides and other compounds. These proteins can cause type 1 hypersensitive reactions ranging from local skin irritation to anaphylactic shock. Furthermore, the toxins can cause direct organ injury or delayed hypersensitivity reactions. The commonly affected organs are the kidneys, liver, and muscles. The effect on the haematological system manifests as coagulopathy and/or cytopenia. The heart, nervous system, lungs, intestines and skin can be affected rarely. Treatment is mainly supportive.ConclusionIn conclusion, wasp envenomation can result in multi-organ injury and attention should be paid in doing further research and establishing evidence-based treatment practices.
A nurse-led educational intervention for relieving idiopathic constipation: a retrospective study
Authors: Terzoni Stefano , Mora Cristina , Rocco Bernardo , Sighinolfi Chiara , Gaia Giorgia , Ferrara Paolo , Pinna Barbara , Destrebecq Anne 
Published: October 2022

Background: Constipation is a common condition. Although numerous articles emphasise the importance of conservative interventions, none have set out a complete educational programme. Aims: To describe the results of an evidence-based, nurse-led educational intervention for functional constipation in adults. Methods: A retrospective study of patient records with an analysis of Wexner constipation scores and Bristol stool charts was carried out before and after a nurse-led educational programme on nutrition and bowel habits. Findings: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled (19 women and 10 men), with a median age of 61 (53–71) years, a mean BMI of 24.4±3.88 kg/m2 and comparable baseline Wexner and Bristol scores. A statistically significant improvement in Wexner scores (P<0.001) and a clinically relevant but not statistically significant (P=0.682) improvement in Bristol scores were observed. Conclusion: The results suggest this investigation should be repeated on a larger scale. An educational intervention could be included in all consultations on any issue that could affect bowel activity.
Dual-function polarization converter of an all-dielectric metasurface with a chiral L-type meta-atom
Authors: Song Yixing , Zhai Jianing , Huo Shuang , Zeng Yong , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: October 2022

We propose a dual-function metasurface with a chiral double L-type silicon meta-atom that works in the near-infrared band. On one hand, the designed metasurface can achieve the function of a quarter-wave plate in the wavelength of 1660–1840 nm, and convert

y

-linear polarization (LP) light into right-hand circular polarization (RCP) light. The polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is above 90%, up to 98%, and the ellipticity of the transmitted light is 0.9–1.0. On the other hand, for a wavelength of 1497 nm, the designed structure can also convert LP in any direction to left-hand circular polarization (LCP) light by using the circular dichroism of chiral structures. The PCR is above 99%, and the ellipticity of the transmitted light is equal to approximately

−

1

. Moreover, when incident in the opposite direction, the wave plate can convert LP to RCP light. At present, the all-dielectric metasurface has important application potential in polarization conversion and photonic integration.
Modeling of mode-locked fiber lasers and amplifiers with accurate saturable gain evaluation
Authors: Dutta Gupta Bhaswar , Hendry Ian , Tang Stanley , Berthelot Thibaud , Du Teilleul Paul , Cozic Solenn , Poulain Samuel , Erkintalo Miro , Aguergaray Claude 
Published: October 2022

We present a numerical model for mode-locked lasers and ultrafast nonlinear amplifiers in which the saturated gain profiles along active fibers are judiciously computed using experimental pump powers as input. This eliminates the need for approximating the gain profile by using a small-signal gain coefficient and saturation energy to simulate pulse propagation in active fibers. Our model shows good agreement with experiments involving mode-locked cavities at 1 µm with a silica glass host doped with ytterbium ions. Accurate results are also obtained for continuous-wave and mode-locked laser cavities around 2.8 µm, which uses ZBLAN fiber doped with erbium ions. In the case of Er:ZBLAN fiber, we use the model to show regions of stable mode-locking delivering a single pulse as output and how the spectral width changes with variation in doping concentration and fiber lengths. Our model enables accurate numerical modeling of mode-locked fiber lasers and ultrafast amplifiers, and can be useful in guiding the design of new architectures, understanding complex intracavity laser dynamics, and optimizing device output.
Broadband silicon-based tunable metamaterial microfluidic sensor
Authors: Jing Xufeng , Qin Guihong , Zhang Peng 
Published: October 2022

Tunable metamaterial absorbers play an important role in terahertz imaging and detection. We propose a multifunctional metamaterial absorber based on doped silicon. By introducing resonance and impedance matching into the absorber, a broadband absorption greater than 90% in the range of 0.8–10 THz is achieved. At the same time, the light regulation characteristics of the doped semiconductor are introduced into the absorber, and the precise amplitude control can be achieved in the range of 0.1–1.2 THz by changing the pump luminous flux. In addition, based on the principle of light-regulating the concentration of doped silicon carriers, the medium-doped silicon material is replaced by a highly doped silicon material, and a sensor with a sensitivity of up to 500 GHz/RIU is realized by combining the wave absorber with the microfluidic control. Finally, the broadband absorption characteristics and sensing performance of alcohol and water on the prepared device are verified by experiments, indicating that the absorber may have great potential in the field of sensor detection.
A tempest in a skull
Authors: Falque Emmanuel 
Published: October 2022

“A Tempest in a Skull”. The expression comes from Victor Hugo's Les Miserables, but it says just as much about Freud's life as it does about ours. No one is probably more 'disturbed', or descends to the depths of chaos, than when he or she takes on the trappings of a 'tidy' being, or is caught up in a cosmetic life apparently made of order and beauty.
Of course, “everything is fine” does not always hide “everything is bad”. But we must also recognize that there is often a 'tempest' in a skull, and that it is precisely at this moment that everything changes, and everything is modified within us. Based on this phenomenon, the leitmotiv "so much exception, so much modification" thus becomes the new imperative of phenomenology - not out of attachment to the tragic or the pathetic, but on the contrary to reach that part of us which is inexpressible and which is the strongest part of our existentiality. Garcia Lorca's Duende, as the “spirit of aching Spain”, will express in its own way this force “that burns the blood”, the only one capable of touching our own depths, magnified and exorcised by the rhythm of Andalusian singers.
A Reappraisal of the Diagnostic Performance of B-Mode Ultrasonography for Mild Liver Steatosis
Authors: Lee Chul-min , Yoon Eileen L. , Nakajima Atsushi , Yoneda Masato , Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Lee Jonghyun , Kim Mimi , Kang Bo-Kyeong , Nguyen Mindie H. , Jun Dae Won , Sumida Yoshio 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Previous studies have shown that ultrasonography has high specificity (80%–100%) but low sensitivity (50%–70%) in diagnosing fatty liver; sensitivity is especially low for mild steatosis. In this study, we aimed to reappraise the diagnostic performance of B-mode ultrasonography (B-USG) for fatty liver disease.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective, multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study (6 referral centers from 3 nations). We included 5,056 participants who underwent both B-USG and magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) within a 6-month period. The diagnostic performance of B-USG was compared with that of MRI-PDFF as a reference standard for fatty liver diagnosis, using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

RESULTS:
B-USG showed a sensitivity of 83.4%, specificity of 81.0%, and AUC of 0.822 in diagnosing mild liver steatosis (6.5% ≤MRI-PDFF ≤14%). The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC in diagnosing the presence of fatty liver disease (MRI-PDFF ≥6.5%) were 83.4%, 81.0%, and 0.822, respectively. The mean PDFF of B-USG–diagnosed nonfatty liver differed significantly from that of diagnosed mild liver steatosis (3.5% ± 2.8% vs 8.5% ± 5.0%, P < 0.001). The interinstitutional variability of B-USG in diagnosing fatty liver was similar in diagnostic accuracy among the 6 centers (range, 82.8%–88.6%, P = 0.416).

DISCUSSION:
B-USG was an effective, objective method to detect mild liver steatosis using MRI-PDFF as comparison, regardless of the etiologies and comorbidities.
La contribución de la teología de los sentidos en la estimativa del cuidado del final de la vida en sociedades espiritualmente plurales
Authors: Noriega Roberto 
Published: October 2022

La persona que se enfrenta con el final de su vida tiene necesidades varias que deben ser satisfechas para un adecuado cuidado integral, que incluye la atención y el acompañamiento espiritual.
La evolución hacia sociedades espiritualmente plurales y las novedosas posibilidades existentes reclaman una actualización de la sensibilidad del acompañante respecto a la persona doliente que atiende.
La teología de los sentidos permite captar mejor la realidad del individuo enfermo y es una ayuda que puede ser incorporada en instrumentos que mejoren los estándares de evaluación cualitativa de la atención familiar o residencial.
Heme delivery to heme oxygenase-2 involves glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: Dai Yue , Fleischhacker Angela S. , Liu Liu , Fayad Sara , Gunawan Amanda L. , Stuehr Dennis J. , Ragsdale Stephen W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heme regulatory motifs (HRMs) are found in a variety of proteins with diverse biological functions. In heme oxygenase-2 (HO2), heme binds to the HRMs and is readily transferred to the catalytic site in the core of the protein. To further define this heme transfer mechanism, we evaluated the ability of GAPDH, a known heme chaperone, to transfer heme to the HRMs and/or the catalytic core of HO2. Our results indicate GAPDH and HO2 form a complex in vitro. We have followed heme insertion at both sites by fluorescence quenching in HEK293 cells with HO2 reporter constructs. Upon mutation of residues essential for heme binding at each site in our reporter construct, we found that HO2 binds heme at the core and the HRMs in live cells and that heme delivery to HO2 is dependent on the presence of GAPDH that is competent for heme binding. In sum, GAPDH is involved in heme delivery to HO2 but, surprisingly, not to a specific site on HO2. Our results thus emphasize the importance of heme binding to both the core and the HRMs and the interplay of HO2 with the heme pool via GAPDH to maintain cellular heme homeostasis.
A rank correlation based translation model for simulating wind speed time series
Authors: Wang Chenwei , Xiao Qing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The translation model is a useful tool for simulating non-Gaussian wind speed time series, it employs marginal transformation to fit the distribution function of wind speed, and deploys a Gaussian process with a specified autocorrelation function (ACF)

ρ
Z

(
τ
)

${\rho }_{Z}\left(\tau \right)$

to match the ACF of wind speed. However, determining

ρ
Z

(
τ
)

${\rho }_{Z}\left(\tau \right)$

requires solving an integral equation, which is not computationally convenient. In this paper, an easy-to-use method is presented for determining

ρ
Z

(
τ
)

${\rho }_{Z}\left(\tau \right)$

. Based on Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, a rank ACF is proposed to characterize the time-dependent behavior of wind speed time series, whereby

ρ
Z

(
τ
)

${\rho }_{Z}\left(\tau \right)$

can be specified by an analytical formula. In the case that only discrete values of

ρ
Z

(
τ
)

${\rho }_{Z}\left(\tau \right)$

are available, a Laguerre polynomial based model is developed to fit

ρ
Z

(
τ
)

${\rho }_{Z}\left(\tau \right)$

. Furthermore, if the distribution function of wind data is unknown, the kappa distribution is introduced to fit the quantile function of wind speed. Finally, a case study is conducted to check the proposed method, the results indicate that the rank correlation based translation model can yield a satisfactory representation for statistical features of wind speed time series.
Performance investigation of various modulation techniques in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system
Authors: Sachdeva Shippu , Sindhwani Manoj 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the essential aspects of life is communication and in all communication systems, modulation and demodulation perform a crucial role in the transmission of transmitter-to-receiver data. Using various multiplexing techniques such as FDMA, CDMA and TDMA to work with the communication system, faced various problems such as low bit rate, multi-path fading, ISI and time dispersion. The incorporation of the OFDM approach gives an attractive solution to the aforementioned issues. OFDM transmitters and OFDM receivers with different modulation techniques are included in the OFDM-based different communication system. CO-OFDM was recently suggested and its extreme robustness against polarisation mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion was demonstrated in proof-of-concept transmission experiments. Optical fiber-based wired networks and also free space wireless networks require a premier technique for multiplexing i.e. CO-OFDM. In this paper, we investigated the performance of various modulation techniques which highlights several benefits such as channel robustness and greater efficiency of the available spectrum where multicarrier is used as high data rate bit streams from a single source are divided into the number of small subcarriers. OFDM is commonly regarded as discrete multitone (DMT) in this case. So in this review article, OFDM systems are also incorporated with their advantages and applications.
Interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis in neonates: an umbrella review
Authors: Razak Abdul , Alhaidari Omar Ibrahim , Ahmed Javed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths in neonatal intensive care units. Hence, it is essential to review the evidence from systematic reviews on interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis (LOS) in neonates.

Methods
PubMed and the Cochrane Central were searched from inception through August 2020 without any language restriction. Cochrane reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing any intervention in the neonatal period and including one or more RCTs reporting LOS. Two authors independently performed screening, data extraction, assessed the quality of evidence using Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and assessed the quality of reviews using a measurement tool to assess of multiple systematic reviews 2 tool.

Results
A total of 101 high-quality Cochrane reviews involving 612 RCTs and 193,713 neonates, evaluating 141 interventions were included. High-quality evidence showed a reduction in any or culture-proven LOS using antibiotic lock therapy for neonates with central venous catheters (CVC). Moderate-quality evidence showed a decrease in any LOS with antibiotic prophylaxis or vancomycin prophylaxis for neonates with CVC, chlorhexidine for skin or cord care, and kangaroo care for low birth weight babies. Similarly, moderate-quality evidence showed reduced culture-proven LOS with intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis for preterm infants and probiotic supplementation for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Lastly, moderate-quality evidence showed a reduction in fungal LOS with the use of systemic antifungal prophylaxis in VLBW infants.

Conclusions
The overview summarizes the evidence from the Cochrane reviews assessing interventions for reducing LOS in neonates, and can be utilized by clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and consumers for decision-making and translating evidence into clinical practice.