bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different diameter reductions in the labial neck region on the stress distribution around custom‐made root‐analogue implants
Authors: Lin Chunping , Hu Hongcheng , Zhu Junxin , Rong Qiguo , Tang Zhihui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the influence of diameter reductions on the stress distribution around root‐analogue implants via 3D finite element analysis. Four root‐analogue implant models with different diameter reductions (0, 1, 2, or 3 mm), a traditional threaded implant and congruent bone models were created through reverse engineering. A 100‐N force was applied parallel with and in a 45° angle to the implant axis, respectively. The stress concentration in the labial neck area around implants with 1–2 mm diameter reduction was lower than seen with no reduction. When the implant diameter was reduced by 3 mm, there were obvious stress concentrations in both implant and bone (the maximum stress was 206 and 111 MPa, respectively). In other groups, the maximum stress was 65.1 MPa in the bone and 108 MPa in the implant. Additionally, the stress concentration in the bone around the root‐analogue implant when the implant diameter was reduced by 0–2 mm (maximum stress of 65.1 MPa) was obviously smaller than that around the traditional implant (maximum stress 130.4 MPa). Reducing the diameter of maxillary central incisor root‐analogue implants by up to 2 mm next to the labial cortical bone could help disperse stress.
“It kinda breaks my heart”: LGBTQ young adults' responses to family rejection
Authors: DeChants Jonah P. , Shelton Jama , Anyon Yolanda (Yoli) , Bender Kimberly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the realities of LGBTQ young adults experiencing family rejection, specifically illuminating forms of heterosexist and cisgenderist family rejection and their impact on LGBTQ young adults.BackgroundExtant research indicates family rejection is a driving factor in the overrepresentation of LGBTQ young adults among young adults experiencing homelessness.MethodThis study analyzed two waves of interviews with 15 LGBTQ young adults. It addressed two research questions: (a) What kinds of heterosexist and cisgenderist rejection do LGBTQ young adults experience from their parents or guardians? and (b) How do LGBTQ young adults react to and experience that rejection?ResultsParticipants reported multiple forms of heterosexist and cisgenderist rejection from their families, including increased heterosexism and cisgenderism in the home after coming out, increased arguments and conflict after coming out, abuse and neglect, silence and avoidance, control and isolation, and revoking young people's access to housing. Participants' responses to these forms of rejection included pain, disconnection from their families, feeling stifled in the home, and the desire to resist.ConclusionThese findings illuminate specific forms and manifestations of heterosexist and cisgenderist family rejection and their impact on LGBTQ young adults.ImplicationsImplications for research include further exploration of how family rejection manifests in the families of LGBTQ young adults. Implications for clinical practice include developing tailored outreach and services for young adults experiencing family rejection and housing instability.
Surface strengthening of building tiles by ion exchange with adding molten salt of KOH
Authors: Xu Wei , Li Kai , Li Yueming , Sun Yi , Bao Yiwang , Wan Detian , Tan Xiang , Hao Dong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe surface strengthening by ion exchange technology was used to improve the strength of thin building tiles. The effects of exchange time, exchange temperature, and content of KOH additive on strengthening of building tiles were investigated by analyzing the flexural strength and distribution of K+ in the samples. The results showed that the addition of .3 mol% KOH to the molten salt of industrial KNO3 at 450°C for 5 h resulted in a maximum flexural strength of 86.53 MPa, which was 50.3% higher than that of the sample without ion exchange and 8.9% higher than without KOH addition. After ion exchange, the concentration of K+ ion in cross‐section of the sample decreased with increasing distance from the sample surface, and the diffusion coefficient changed with the change of the content of KOH additive in the molten salt, increasing the diffusion coefficient of K+ ion from .93 × 10−15 to 1.8 × 10–15 m2/s by adding .3 mol% KOH.
Left ventricular contractile reserve as a determinant of adverse clinical outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Thein Paul M. , Mirzaee Sam , Cameron James D. , Nasis Arthur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn abnormal left ventricular contractile reserve is often seen in patients undergoing stress echocardiogram and may indicate the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease. The techniques and indexes used to identify abnormal left ventricular contractile response and its prognostic value in the absence of known causes has not been well studied. To describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes associated with an abnormal left ventricular contractile response, we performed a systematic review that identified 27 eligible studies. A diverse range of indices were utilised to measure left ventricular contractile reserve, most commonly Δleft ventricular ejection fraction in 11 studies. Dobutamine stress echocardiogram was the most commonly performed modality (19 studies) followed by exercise stress echocardiogram (4 studies), dipyridamole stress echocardiogram (2 studies), invasive hemodynamic measurement (1 study) and dobutamine stress magnetic resonance imaging (1 study). All but one study demonstrated a significant association between the absence of left ventricular contractile reserve and increased rate of cardiovascular events, cardiac death and all‐cause mortality.
Optimal admission control under premature discharge decisions for operational effectiveness
Authors: Yang Feifei , Jiang Yanping , Tang Zhenpeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe shortage of inpatient beds causes surgery cancellations, treatment delays, and inappropriate ward arrangements. That is why studying how to make admission decisions on the wards of crowded units under premature discharge decisions is essential. In this study, we set up an infinite‐horizon total discounted cost Markov decision process model to minimize the total expected cost to the hospital. By analyzing the structural properties of the optimal value function, we find that there is an optimal admission control policy of the threshold type for low‐acuity emergency patients (type‐2). Numerical experiments are done to examine how optimal dynamic policy depends on key system parameters. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the optimal dynamic policy with a benchmark policy without premature discharge decisions. The results indicate that the optimal admission control policy helps hospitals in maintaining low costs and enables patients with high‐acuity diseases to enter primary wards more quickly.
MicroRNA‐381 in human cancer: Its involvement in tumour biology and clinical applications potential
Authors: Sha Huanhuan , Gan Yujie , Xu Feng , Zhu Yue , Zou Renrui , Peng Weiwei , Wu Zhiya , Ma Rong , Wu Jianzhong , Feng Jifeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in the development and progression of a wide range of cancers. Among such cancer‐associated miRNAs, miR‐381 has been a major focus of research. The expression pattern and role of miR‐381 vary among different cancer types. MiR‐381 modulates various cellular behaviours in cancer, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion. MiR‐381 is also involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as well as in the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. MiR‐381 itself is regulated by several factors, such as long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs and cytokines. Aberrant expression of miR‐381 in blood samples indicates that it can be used as a diagnostic marker in cancer. Tissue miR‐381 expression may serve as a prognostic factor for the clinicopathological characteristics of cancers and survival of patients. Metformin and icaritin regulate miR‐381 expression and present anticancer properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the effect of miR‐381 on tumour biological behaviours, as well as the clinical application potential of miR‐381 for the treatment of cancer.
The dynamic changes in autophagy activity and its role in lung injury after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Authors: Kong Minjian , Wei Dongdong , Li Xuebiao , Zhu Xian , Hong Ze , Ni Ming , Wang Yifan , Dong Aiqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) can cause acute lung injury (ALI), and its pathogenesis mimics ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Autophagy is also involved in lung I/R injury. The present study aimed to elucidate whether DHCA induces natural autophagy activation and its role in DHCA‐mediated lung injury. Here, rats were randomly assigned to the Sham or DHCA group. The sham group (n = 5) only received anaesthesia and air intubation. DHCA group rats underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) followed by the DHCA procedure. The rats were then sacrificed at 3, 6 and 24 h after the DHCA procedure (n = 5) to measure lung injury and autophagy activity. Chloroquine (CQ) was delivered to evaluate autophagic flux. DHCA caused lung injury, which was prominent 3–6 h after DHCA, as confirmed by histological examination and inflammatory cytokine quantification. Lung injury subsided at 24 h. Autophagy was suppressed 3 h but was exaggerated at 6 h. At both time points, autophagic flux appeared uninterrupted. To further assess the role of autophagy in DHCA‐mediated lung injury, the autophagy inducer rapamycin and its inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) were applied, and lung injury was reassessed. When rapamycin was administered at an early time point, lung injury worsened, whereas administration of 3‐MA at a late time point ameliorated lung injury, indicating that autophagy contributed to lung injury after DHCA. Our study presents a time course of lung injury following DHCA. Autophagy showed adaptive yet protective suppression 3 h after DHCA, as induction of autophagy caused worsening of lung tissue. In contrast, autophagy was exaggerated 6 h after DHCA, and autophagy inhibition attenuated DHCA‐mediated lung injury.
Does polishing of bleached enamel affect roughness and tooth color stability after exposure to coffee?
Authors: Carvalho Roberta Furtado , da Mata Galvão Alexia , Campolina Murilo Guimarães , de Mendonça Ludmila Cavalcanti , Soares Carlos José , Carvalho Ceci Nunes , da Silva Gisele Rodrigues 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis laboratory randomized study was designed to evaluate the effect of polishing on roughness and color stability of bleached teeth after coffee immersion.Materials and MethodsNinety bovine crowns were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 15), according to bleaching protocols: At‐home: standard protocol using 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) or In‐office: standard protocol using 35% HP; and with polishing protocols: (1) no polishing, (2) bleached enamel polished with #0.5 μm or (3) #2–4 μm diamond particles grit pastes. Samples were daily immersed into coffee solution for 45 min followed by mechanical brushing simulation (30 s) for 30 days. The surface roughness (Ra) and color alteration, expressed by ΔEab, ΔE00, and whitening index (WI) were analyzed at baseline, after bleaching/polishing protocols and after coffee solution staining. The surface from each group was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed by two‐way repeated measure analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultsStaining increases Ra, ΔEab, ΔE00, and decreases WI values. Polishing after bleaching did not prevent staining, however, tooth polished with #0.5 μ‐grit polishing paste showed better performance than #2–4 μ‐grit (ΔEab: p = 0.001/ΔE00: p = 0.003). Scanning electron microscope revealed a more irregular surface after coffee staining for all groups regardless bleaching/polishing protocols.ConclusionsUsing #0.5 μ‐grit diamond paste to polish 35%HP in‐office bleached enamel reduces the roughness and tooth staining. However, polishing after 10%HP at‐home bleached enamel neither affects roughness nor improves tooth color stability after exposure to coffee.Clinical SignificancePolishing after at‐home bleaching does not have benefits but after 35% hydrogen peroxide in‐office bleaching, the polishing with #0.5 μ‐grit polishing paste is indicated to reduce roughness and the tooth staining over time.
A systematic review and pooled prevalence of symptoms among childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Hong Hye Chong , Min Ari , Kim Young Man 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo systematically review the existing literature reporting symptoms in childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer survivors and to meta‐analyse the pooled prevalence of symptoms.BackgroundCancer survivors experience various symptoms caused by cancer treatments and their late effects. These symptoms are associated with adverse health outcomes. However, estimates of symptom prevalence vary largely, and no comprehensive review of symptoms has been conducted for childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.DesignA systematic review.MethodsThis systematic review is registered in PROSPERO registry and was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL were searched up to July 2021. Three investigators assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data and performed quality assessment. The pooled prevalence of symptoms was calculated using a random‐effect model. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify heterogeneity.ResultsSixty‐one studies were used to synthesise symptom prevalence, involving 114,184 participants. There were 24 physical symptoms and 10 psychological symptoms reported in two or more studies. The most studied physical symptoms were fatigue and sleep disturbance, and the most studied psychological symptoms were anxiety and depression. Among physical symptoms, drowsiness had the highest prevalence, followed by dry mouth and fatigue. Among psychological symptoms, worry and nervousness had the highest prevalence, followed by difficulty concentrating.ConclusionsPhysical and psychological symptoms are common in the target population. This review provides an up‐to‐date overview of symptom prevalence, identifying areas for future research.Relevance to clinical practiceEducation about possible symptoms related to cancer and its treatment should be given while in treatment. Symptoms should also be monitored throughout the survivorship period. Nurses have a critical role in identifying and making referrals for psychological symptoms as well as promoting preventative strategies that enhance well‐being.
Productivity correlates positively with mammalian diversity independently of the species’ feeding guild, body mass, or the vertical strata explored by the species
Authors: De Souza Ferreira Neto Gilson , Ortega Jean C. G. , Melo Carneiro Fernanda , Souza de Oliveira Sandro , Oliveira Regison , Beggiato Baccaro Fabricio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMammals can influence ecosystem functioning through essential ecological processes. In patchy landscapes, mammalian diversity can be correlated with ecosystem productivity through its effect on resource availability. However, mammals comprise species with contrasting habitat use and requirements, and it is unknown whether the diversity–productivity relationship changes as a function of the mammal species’ traits.We use meta‐analytical techniques to quantify the effect and assess whether mammal species richness and abundance correlates positively with productivity. Further, we assess whether the diversity–productivity relationship is influenced by the species’ body mass (<1 kg: small, and >1 kg: large, and mixed small and large), the vertical strata explored by the species (terrestrial, arboreal, and mixed terrestrial and arboreal species), and the species’ feeding guild (herbivore, omnivore, insectivore, and mixed feeding guilds).In total, 53 studies fitted the eligibility criteria worldwide, comprising 285 different effect sizes representing the magnitude of the mammal diversity–productivity relationship in six biogeographical realms. Ecosystem productivity was quantified with various surrogate variables, such as soil nutrients, annual rainfall, above‐ground production, evapotranspiration, net primary production, plant cover, and elevation.The relationships between productivity measures and both mammal species richness and abundance were significant and positive. Mammal diversity correlated positively with ecosystem productivity, for mammal species differing in body mass, the vertical strata explored by species (except arboreal mammals), and feeding guilds (except insectivorous mammals). Overall, this result supports the view that diversity in the entire mammal community is positively related to increasing productivity.Sites with greater ecosystem productivity are usually associated with more resources and higher ecosystem carrying capacity, which provide greater resilience to human disturbance than less productive sites. Thus, quantifying productivity can help researchers to identify critical areas for restoration and to propose effective guidelines for mammal conservation.
Applicants' perception of fit to residency programmes in the video‐interview era: A large multidisciplinary survey
Authors: Zárate Rodriguez Jorge G. , Gan Connie Y. , Williams Gregory A. , Drake Tia O. , Ciesielski Thomas , Sanford Dominic E. , Awad Michael M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction‘Fit’ refers to an applicants' perceived compatibility to a residency programme. A variety of structural, identity‐related and relational factors contribute to self‐assessments of fit. The 2021 residency recruitment cycle in the USA was performed virtually due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Little is known about how video‐interviewing may affect residency applicants' ability to gauge fit.MethodsA multidisciplinary, anonymous survey was distributed to applicants at a large academic institution between rank order list (ROL) certification deadline and Match Day 2021. Using Likert‐type scales, applicants rated factors for importance to ‘fit’ and their ease of assessment through video‐interviewing. Applicants also self‐assigned fit scores to the top‐ranked programme in their ROL using Likert‐type scales with pairs of anchoring statements.ResultsFour hundred seventy‐three applicants responded to the survey (25.7% response rate). The three most important factors to applicants for assessment of fit (how much the programme seemed to care, how satisfied residents seem with their programme and how well the residents get along) were also the factors with the greatest discrepancy between importance and ease of assessment through video‐interviewing. Diversity‐related factors were more important to female applicants compared with males and to non‐White applicants compared with White applicants. Furthermore, White male applicants self‐assigned higher fit scores compared with other demographic groups.ConclusionThere is a marked discrepancy between the most important factors to applicants for fit and their ability to assess those factors virtually. Minoritised trainees self‐assigned lower fit scores to their top‐ranked programme, which should raise concern amongst medical educators and highlights the importance of expanding current diversity, equity and inclusion efforts in academic medicine.
Triplex Via and the ‘Gap Problem’ with Cosmological Arguments
Authors: Huneeus Clemente 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAquinas’ five ways are often criticized because, unless further argumentation is supplied, their conclusion is not obviously identical to the God of classical theism. Such criticism overlooks the semantic and hermeneutic functions of natural theology. By fixing the referent for the word ‘God’, the five ways allow the philosopher to provide an intelligible account of divinity. This knowledge of the cause through its effects follows the systematic structure of the triplex via (causation, negation, and eminence), a program that guides Aquinas’ account of divine attributes all the way through Summa Theologiae I qq.2-26 and Summa Contra Gentiles I. By following this rational itinerary the demonstrative power of the ways can be better assessed, looking at them not as an apologetic exercise, but as a first step in the seek for a deeper understanding of the divine source of Creation.
Heritability of facial soft tissue growth in mono‐ and dizygotic twins at 12 and 17 years of age: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hersberger‐Zurfluh Monika A. , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Motro Melih , Kantarci Alpdogan , Will Leslie A. , Eliades Theodore 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins was to identify the genetic and environmental components to the facial soft tissue growth.Settings and Sample PopulationThe sample consisted of 52 untreated monozygotic twins (36 male and 16 female) and 46 untreated dizygotic twins (23 male and 23 female) from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study (1959‐1975).Materials and MethodsLateral cephalograms were taken at 12 and 17 years of age and traced to analyse facial convexity, nasolabial angle, upper and lower lip thickness, upper and lower lip profile and nose prominence. The genetic and environmental components of variance were analysed with structural equation modelling for multilevel mixed‐effects model.ResultsAt 12 years of age, strong additive genetic influence was seen for facial convexity (70%), upper lip profile (66%) and nose prominence (65%), whereas strong dominant genetic components were found for upper lip thickness (56%). Nevertheless, under unique environment influence were nasolabial angle (58%), lower lip profile (51%) and lower lip thickness (64%). At 17 years of age, only upper lip thickness (55%) and nose prominence (84%) were under strong additive genetic control, while the rest of the variables were under strong dominant genetic control. The only exception was lower lip thickness (61%), which is still influenced by the unique environment.ConclusionAlthough monozygotic/dizygotic twins share at least part of their genome, at both times either additive, dominant or environmental components were found. Nevertheless, at 17 years of age most of the variables are either under additive or dominant genetic influence.
Successful management of an arteriovenous malformation with trametinib in a patient with capillary‐malformation arteriovenous malformation syndrome and cardiac compromise
Authors: Nicholson Cynthia L. , Flanagan Siobhan , Murati Michael , Boull Christina , McGough Erin , Ameduri Rebecca , Weigel Brenda , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCapillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by multifocal, noncontiguous pink patches on the skin that often have a surrounding pale halo. In some cases, an association with a fast flow, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can be identified. Here, we describe a case report of a 16‐year‐old woman with CM‐AVM syndrome and significant cardiac compromise successfully treated with trametinib, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor.