bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larger Intrinsic Rate Constants of Alpha-amylase is Possible if Intrinsic Forward Rate Constant is ≠ Diffusion limited Rate of Encounter
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Previous research has shown that the intrinsic reverse (backward) and forward rate constants are larger than the effective or apparent rate constants for the formation and dissociation of an enzyme-substrate complex (ES). It is speculated that such intrinsic rate constants could be larger if an appropriate mathematical equation was adopted for their computation.
Methods: Theoretical, experimental (Bernfeld method), and computational methods.
Objectives: 1) To rederive the equations for calculating the intrinsic rate constants for forward (k1) and reverse (i.e., backward) (k2) reactions; 2) to calculate the intrinsic rate constants; and 3) to show that the probability (1/g) (or req(r)) that an enzyme is at a distance from the substrate is a variable.
Results and Discussion: The equations for the determination of k2 and k1 were rederived. Unlike previous findings, the intrinsic (reverse) first order rate, k2 and forward second order rate, k1 were larger than their apparent counterparts, but they were, however, very similar in magnitude. The intrinsic rate constants were much larger than previously reported values when the enzyme (E) total concentration [ET] was much less than substrate’s total concentration [ST]. The k1 and apparent forward second order rate (kf) values where [ET] is much less than [ST] were > where [ET] is less than [ST]. Therefore, the magnitude of the second order rate constant is a function of [ET]. The values of k1 and k2 where [ET] is much less than [ST] and vice-versa were respectively, 7.41 exp. (+6) L/mol. min and 81.34 exp. (+4) /min, and 15.76 exp. (+6) L/mol. min and 58.08 exp.(+4) /min. It was discovered that the probability (1/g) (or req(r))) that an enzyme is at a distance from the substrate with the possibility of mutual attraction is not constant.
Conclusion: If the intrinsic forward rate constant (k1) is not equal to diffusion limited rate (kD) of encounter, the k1 and k2 values could be larger than values where k1 is equal to kD. The probability (1/g) (or req(r)) that an enzyme is at a distance from the substrate with the possibility of mutual attraction has been discovered to be a variable constant dependent on the concentration of the reaction mixture components and the enzyme's affinity for the substrate, and vice versa. Future research may attempt to derive an equation for the determination of an intrinsic catalytic rate constant for the formation of a product.
Docking Simulation Analysis of Natural Ingredients as Anti Virus SARS-Cov-2 on Helicase Inhibitors
Authors: Malau Nya Daniaty , Azahra St. Fatimah 
Published: November 2022

Aims: To find active compounds from natural ingredients that have the potential to be antivirals of SARS-CoV-2.
Study Design: Simulation research.
Place and Duration of Study: Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics Education, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, between December 2021 and August 2022.
Methodology: The method used is a computational simulation commonly known as docking simulation or molecular docking. There are several steps taken, namely ligand and receptor preparation, docking simulation and analysis of simulation results.
Results: The results obtained were from 22 ligand compounds of natural material selected as helicase receptor inhibitors, 14 ligand compounds were found that met the requirements according to Lipinski's five rules, namely Emodin, Luteolin, Curcumin, Kaemferol, Quercetin, Myricetin, Scutellarein, 10-Gingerol, Shogaol, Mangostin, Piseatanol, Diallyl disulfide, Cyperotundone and Eugenol. Of the 14 ligand compounds simulated with helicase receptors, it turned out that 14 stable ligand compounds were used as helicase receptor inhibitors. However, among the 14 ligands, myricetin is the most stable ligand with the smallest Gibbs free energy value, which is -8.7 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: An active ingredient compound has been found that has the potential as an antivirus sars-COV-2 in the Helicase receptor, Myricetin from clove plants (Syzygium aromaticum). These results can be used as a basis for drug development for the development of SARS-COV-2 antivirus in the future.
Association Between Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Fracture Risk
Authors: Daya Natalie R. , Fretz Anna , Martin Seth S. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Selvin Elizabeth , Juraschek Stephen P. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceClinical hyperthyroidism accelerates bone resorption without compensatory bone formation, reducing bone density and increasing the risk of fracture. The association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and fracture risk is less clear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of endogenous subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fracture risk, independent of clinical confounders.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included 10 946 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of community-dwelling individuals conducted from 1987-1989 through December 31, 2019, in Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; and the suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Participants were not taking thyroid medications and had no history of fractures.ExposuresThyrotropin and free thyroxine levels were measured at visit 2 (1990-1992). Subclinical hyperthyroidism was defined as a thyrotropin level lower than 0.56 mIU/L, subclinical hypothyroidism as a thyrotropin level higher than 5.1 mIU/L, and euthyroidism as a thyrotropin level of 0.56 to 5.1 mIU/L, with normal free thyroxine levels from 0.85 to 1.4 ng/dL.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident fracture was ascertained using hospitalization discharge codes through 2019 and linkage to inpatient and outpatient Medicare claims through 2018.ResultsOf 10 946 participants (54.3% women; mean [SD] age, 57 [5.7] years), 93.0% had euthyroidism, 2.6% had subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 4.4% had subclinical hypothyroidism. During a median follow-up of 21 years (IQR, 13.0-27.3 years), there were 3556 incident fractures (167.1 per 10 000 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratios of fracture were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09-1.65) for those with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.05) for those with subclinical hypothyroidism compared with individuals with euthyroidism. Among those with normal free thyroxine levels, thyrotropin levels in the lower-than-normal range were significantly associated with higher fracture-related hospitalization risk; fracture risk was greater among individuals with thyrotropin concentrations below 0.56 mIU/L.Conclusions and RelevanceThis community-based cohort study suggests that subclinical hyperthyroidism was an independent risk factor associated with fracture. The increased risk for fracture among individuals with a thyrotropin level lower than 0.56 mIU/L highlights a potential role for more aggressive screening and monitoring of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism to prevent bone mineral disease.
Digital radiography image quality evaluation using various phantoms and software
Authors: Tsalafoutas Ioannis A. , AlKhazzam Shady , Tsapaki Virginia , AlNaemi Huda , Kharita Mohammed Hassan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of the exposure parameters on image quality (IQ) metrics of phantom images, obtained automatically using software or from visual evaluation.MethodsThree commercial phantoms and a homemade phantom constructed according to the instructions given in the IAEA Human Health Series No. 39 publication were used, along with the respective software that estimate automatically various IQ metrics. Images with various exposure parameters were acquired in a digital radiography (DR) unit. For the commercial phantoms, visual evaluations were also performed. The IQ scores obtained were analyzed to investigate the effects of increasing incident air kerma (IAK), tube potential (kVp), additional filtration, and acquisition protocol on IQ.ResultsThe effects of the exposure parameters on the IQ metrics, determined with the commercial and the IAEA phantoms, were not the same. For example, clear trends of improvement of IQ scores with increased IAK and reduction of most IQ scores with increased kVp were observed mostly with the IAEA phantom, but not with the commercial phantoms (for both automatic and visual scoring methods). For all phantoms, the maximum variations in IQ scores observed for repeated identical exposures were almost always below 10% with automatic evaluation whereas, for visual evaluation, reached 17%.ConclusionsFailure to detect some expected trends with the complex commercial phantoms may be attributed to the fact that IQ in DR is more strongly affected by the post‐processing procedures, which may mask the effect of other parameters on IQ, something that was not observed with the simple IAEA phantom.
Flexible Battery‐Free Wireless Sensor Array Based on Functional Gradient‐Structured Wood for Pressure and Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Gaoqiang , Li Peng , Wang Xue , Xia Yushu , Yang Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractApproximately 4.5% to 7.0% of hospitalized patients suffer from pressure ulcers. Mitigating risks for pressure ulcers through sensors remains a challenge and a high requirement. A simple, low‐cost, battery‐free, multi‐parameter passive wireless flexible sensor (MPWFS) for all‐around pressure and temperature monitoring to prevent pressure ulcers is developed. The pressure sensing unit is fabricated with functional gradient‐structured balsa wood and has high sensitivity of 0.34 kPa−1 with a wide detection range of 0–20 kPa. The temperature sensing unit, which is 0.4 mm × 0.2 mm, is embedded in the surface of the pressure sensing unit, enabling temperature monitoring with a resolution of 0.1 °C. The flexible Radio Frequency energy‐harvesting unit, data acquisition, and processing, as well as Bluetooth‐Low‐Energy wireless transmission, are integrated within a 20 mm × 20 mm unit. It acquires continuous temperature and pressure data without a battery at any position more than 1 m away from the power transmitter. Moreover, the combination of the sensor array design with a mobile terminal provides the MPWFS's various benefits, including tracking changes in the supine posture, warning about pressure ulcers, and monitoring falls out of bed. This study presents a new method for long‐term bedridden patient care.
A Dual‐Network Nerve Adhesive with Enhanced Adhesion Strength Promotes Transected Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Xue Wen , Shi Wen , Kuss Mitchell , Kong Yunfan , Alimi Olawale A , Wang Han‐Jun , DiMaio Dominick J , Yu Cunjiang , Duan Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve transection has a high prevalence and results in functional loss of affected limbs. The current clinical treatment using suture anastomosis significantly limits nerve recovery due to severe inflammation, secondary damage, and fibrosis. Fibrin glue, a commercial nerve adhesive as an alternative, avoids secondary damage but suffers from poor adhesion strength. To address their limitations, a highly efficacious nerve adhesive based on dual‐cross‐linking of dopamine‐isothiocyanate modified hyaluronic acid and decellularized nerve matrix is reportedr. This dual‐network nerve adhesive (DNNA) shows controllable gelation behaviors feasible for surgical applications, robust adhesion strength, and promotes axonal outgrowth in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy is tested using a rat‐based sciatic nerve transection model. The DNNA decreases fibrosis and accelerates axon/myelin debris clearance at 10 days post‐surgery, compared to suture and commercial fibrin glue treatments. At 10 weeks post‐surgery, the strong adhesion and bioactivity allow DNNA to significantly decrease intraneural inflammation and fibrosis, enhance axon connection and remyelination, aid motor and sensory function recovery, as well as improve muscle contraction, compared to suture and fibrin treatments. Overall, this dual‐network hydrogel with robust adhesion provides a rapid and highly efficacious nerve transection treatment to facilitate nerve repair and neuromuscular function recovery.
Core–Shell Carbon Nanofibers‐NiFe Structure on 3D Porous Carbon Foam: Facilitating a Promising Trajectory toward Decarbonizing Energy Production
Authors: Pham Tung Ngoc , Samikannu Ajaikumar , Vincze Zsuzsanna , Zettinig Peter , Tesfalidet Solomon , Wågberg Thomas , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a low‐cost, light‐weight, highly efficient, and durable electrode in which NiFe‐layered double hydroxide is electrodeposited on a carbon nanofiber (CNF) core supported on a carbon foam (CF) is introduced. The resulting 3D NiFe‐CNFs‐CF electrode shows excellent oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction performance in alkaline media. When used as an anode and a cathode in the same cell, a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is achieved, at a cell voltage of 1.65 V. Moreover, good stability over a long testing time (50 h) is demonstrated. The ternary hybrid electrode gives rise to an excellent performance‐to‐weight ratio owing to its very low bulk density (≈34 mg cm−3) inherited from super lightweight components composed of CF and CNFs. The developed electrode can potentially be used in large‐scale alkaline water electrolysis, in facilities such as offshore hydrogen production platforms, which can complement the variable renewable energy production of wind farms through hydrogen storage and fuel cells.
Fish farming systems diversity and implications in the Republic of Benin: Fish farm types and their economic performance
Authors: Adegbola Ygue Patrice , Crinot Geraud Fabrice , Arouna Aminou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFish farming is promoted in the Republic of Benin to meet the demands of fish consumption and increase exports to neighbouring countries. Targeting fish farm policy interventions to increase the efficiency of heterogeneous fish farming systems is a challenge. Farm type delineation allows for simplifying the diversity in fish farming systems. Multivariate statistical techniques combined with the Calinski and Harabasz pseudo F statistic and bootstrapping were applied to determine the realistic number of fish farm types. Four fish farm types were identified and characterised based on farm intensity, species diversification, and the management capacity of operators. Furthermore, profits and both labour and capital productivity increased continuously from the extensive fish farms to the semi‐intensive farms. They also vary widely within farm types across the country. These farm types may be supported by appropriate fish farming promotion policy interventions. Most importantly, training programs must be tailored to each farm type to strengthen the technical and managerial capacity of the fish farmers.
In and out of control: Personal control and consumer behavior
Authors: Cutright Keisha M. , Wu Eugenia C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough personal control is a fundamental human need, research has not yet systematically examined how it functions in consumer and marketplace settings. This article reviews and integrates the existing research on the topic to provide a greater understanding of how personal control and consumer behavior shape and inform one another. We first integrate multiple streams of research to discuss the conceptualization and antecedents of personal control. We then propose an organizing framework that identifies two ways in which feelings of low control shape consumer behavior: through motivating consumers to look for a sense of order and structure in their consumption environments and through motivating consumers to use consumption activities to reestablish feelings of control. We close by highlighting several future research directions for advancing the current understanding of how personal control and marketing relate.
American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID‐19 Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Version 5
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Johnson Sindhu R. , Anthony Donald D. , Arasaratnam Reuben J. , Baden Lindsey R. , Bass Anne R. , Calabrese Cassandra , Gravallese Ellen M. , Harpaz Rafael , Kroger Andrew , Sadun Rebecca E. , Turner Amy S. , Williams Eleanor Anderson , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the use of COVID‐19 vaccines for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).MethodsA task force was assembled that included 9 rheumatologists/immunologists, 2 infectious diseases specialists, and 2 public health physicians. After agreeing on scoping questions, an evidence report was created that summarized the published literature and publicly available data regarding COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy and safety, as well as literature for other vaccines in RMD patients. Task force members rated their agreement with draft consensus statements on a 9‐point numerical scoring system, using a modified Delphi process and the RAND/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method, with refinement and iteration over 2 sessions. Consensus was determined based on the distribution of ratings.ResultsDespite a paucity of direct evidence, statements were developed by the task force and agreed upon with consensus to provide guidance for use of the COVID‐19 vaccines, including supplemental/booster dosing, in RMD patients and to offer recommendations regarding the use and timing of immunomodulatory therapies around the time of vaccination.ConclusionThese guidance statements are intended to provide direction to rheumatology health care providers on how to best use COVID‐19 vaccines and to facilitate implementation of vaccination strategies for RMD patients.
Accuracy of prostate cancer screening recommendations for high‐risk populations on YouTube and TikTok
Authors: Abramson Max , Feiertag Nathan , Javidi Darius , Babar Mustufa , Loeb Stacy , Watts Kara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate content quality and racial/ethnic representation, particularly of high‐risk cohorts, of prostate cancer screening videos on YouTube (YT) and TikTok (TK).Materials and MethodsThe top 50 videos populated for the search term ‘prostate cancer screening’ on YT and TK that met inclusion criteria were retrieved in a cache‐cleared browser. Three reviewers analysed all videos using validated criteria for the quality of consumer health information (DISCERN and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool [PEMAT]). High quality was defined as follows: DISCERN ≥ 4, PEMAT understandability ≥75% and PEMAT actionability ≥75%. A 5‐point Likert scale was used to demonstrate the level of misinformation compared to American Urological Association and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Perceived race and ethnicity of people in the videos were assessed by consensus approach.ResultsTK videos were shorter (median 3.7 vs. 0.5 min, p < 0.001) and had more views per month (5437.5 vs. 19.3, p = 0.03) than YT videos. Perceived Black and Hispanic representation was present in 10% and 6% of YT videos and 20% and 12% of TK videos, respectively. High‐risk racial/ethnic groups were explicitly discussed in 46% of YT videos and 8% of TK videos. A total of 98% of YT videos and 100% of TK videos had low‐ to moderate‐quality consumer health information, and 88% of YT videos and 100% of TK videos had moderate to high levels of misinformation based on screening guidelines.ConclusionsYT and TK videos about prostate cancer screening are widely viewed but do not provide quality consumer health information. Black and Hispanic men remain under‐represented on both platforms, and high‐risk racial groups were not discussed in most videos despite the importance for screening criteria. The low understandability and actionability, significant misinformation and lack of diversity in online videos support the need for higher quality videos with adequate attention to high‐risk ethnic cohorts.
Inspired to donate: How donors' social class impacts charitable donations
Authors: Zhao Xiaohong , Chen Binglin , Jin Pei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious research has found that donors' social class affects their own charitable giving. This research explores the effect of donors' social class on others' donation behavior. Specifically, we propose that individuals feel more inspired to engage in prosocial behavior after learning about low‐social‐class donors (vs. high‐social‐class donors) perform the giving behavior. A series of five studies, combining online and experimental data, provide converging support for this proposition and its underlying mechanism of inspiration. Furthermore, we show that the effect of donors' social class on individuals' donation behavior is attenuated when the donation currency is goods (instead of money). The article concludes with implications for the marketing of charities and prosocial behaviors.
Drought then wildfire reveals a compound disturbance in a resprouting forest
Authors: Walden Lewis , Fontaine Joseph B. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Matusick George , Harper Richard J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe frequency and intensity of forest disturbances, such as drought and fire, are increasing globally, with an increased likelihood of multiple disturbance events occurring in short succession. Disturbances layered over one another may influence the likelihood or intensity of subsequent events (a linked disturbance) or impact response and recovery trajectories (a compound disturbance), with substantial implications for ecological spatiotemporal vulnerability. This study evaluates evidence for disturbance interactions of drought followed by wildfire in a resprouting eucalypt‐dominated forest (the Northern Jarrah Forest) in southwestern Australia. Sites were stratified by drought (high, low), from previous modeling and ground validation, and fire severity (high, moderate, unburnt), via remote sensing using the relative difference normalized burn ratio (RdNBR). Evidence of a linked disturbance was assessed via fine fuel consumption and fire severity. Compound disturbance effects were quantified at stand scale (canopy height, quadratic mean diameter, stem density) and stem scale (mortality). There was no evidence of prior drought influencing fine fuel consumption or fire severity and, hence, no evidence of a linked disturbance. However, compound disturbance effects were evident; stands previously affected by drought experienced smaller shifts in canopy height, quadratic mean diameter, and stem density than stands without prior drought impact. At the stem scale, size and fire severity were the strongest determinants of stem survival. Proportional resprouting height was greater in high drought sites than in low drought sites (p < 0.01), meaning, structurally, the low drought stands decreased in height more than the high drought stands. Thus, a legacy of the drought was evident after the wildfire. Although these resprouting eucalypt forests have been regarded as particularly resilient, this study illustrates how multiple disturbances can overwhelm the larger tree component and promote an abundance of smaller stems. We suggest that this is early evidence of a structural destabilization of these forests under a more fire‐prone, hotter, and drier future climate.