bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Pulse Event Frequency Is Reduced in Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: McCarter Stuart J. , Coon Elizabeth A. , Benarroch Eduardo E. , Silber Michael H. , St. Louis Erik K. 
Published: October 2022

Risk of sudden death in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is greatest during sleep with unknown mechanisms. We compared nocturnal pulse event frequency in 46 MSA patients and age‐/sex‐matched controls undergoing overnight pulse oximetry. Nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation indices and pulse event indices (PEIs) were recorded, and relationships between pulse oximetry variables and survival were analyzed. MSA patients had lower PEI (3.1 ± 5.3 vs. 12.8 ± 10.8, p < 0.001) despite greater hypoxic burden and similar frequency of respiratory events. Nocturnal pulse events were not associated with severity of daytime autonomic failure. Two MSA patients had suspected sudden death, both with severely reduced PEI. MSA patients have fewer nocturnal pulse events compared with controls, despite similar respiratory event frequency, suggesting abnormal cardiac responses to sleep‐disordered breathing. Whether this contributes to sudden death in MSA requires further study. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:205–212
Lithium Enolate with a Lithium‐Alkyne Interaction in the Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers: Concise Synthesis of (+)‐Goniomitine
Authors: Li Yang , Paola Elena , Wang Zongheng , Menard Gabriel , Zakarian Armen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a method for direct enantioselective alkylation of 3‐alkynoic and 2,3‐alkendioic acids that form quaternary stereogenic centers, and application of this method to the total enantioselective synthesis of a complex alkaloid (+)‐goniomitine. The methods were effective in the alkylation of both 3‐alkynoic acids, 2,3‐alkendioic acids substrates with a broad range of heterocyclic and functionalized alkyl group substituents. Accompanying crystallographic studies provide mechanistic insight into the structure of well‐defined chiral aggregates, highlighting cation‐π interactions between lithium and alkyne groups.
Sulfur‐Free Radical RAFT Polymerization of Methacrylates in Homogeneous Solution: Design of exo‐Olefin Chain‐Transfer Agents (R−CH2C(=CH2)Z)
Authors: Amano Maki , Uchiyama Mineto , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, the development of exo‐olefin compounds (R−CH2C(=CH2)Z) as chain‐transfer agents for the sulfur‐free reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization of methacrylates in homogeneous solution is described. A series of exo‐olefin compounds with a methyl methacrylate (MMA) dimer structure as the R group and a substituted α‐methylstyrene unit as the −CH2C(=CH2)Z (Z: Ph−Y) group were synthesized and used for the radical polymerization of MMA in toluene and PhC(CF3)2OH. These compounds underwent transfer of the CH2C(=CH2)Z group via addition‐fragmentation of the propagating methacryloyl radical. More electron‐donating (Y) substituents, such as methoxy and dimethylamino groups, produced polymers with narrower molecular weight distributions. A continuous monomer addition method further improved molecular weight control and enabled the synthesis of colorless, sulfur‐free, multiblock copolymers of methacrylates in homogeneous solutions.
Wasserstoff ermöglicht Teile des reduktiven Krebs‐Zyklus unter Katalyse von Metallen oder Meteoriten
Authors: Rauscher Sophia A. , Moran Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWasserstoff (H2) ist eine geologische Elektronenquelle, von der angenommen wird, dass sie den Stoffwechsel des letzten universellen gemeinsamen Vorfahren aller heutigen Lebewesen angetrieben hat und die immer noch im Stoffwechsel von verschiedenen modernen Organismen verwendet wird. Es wurde vermutet, dass H2unter Metallkatalyse ein geochemisches Analogon eines Teils oder des gesamten reduktiven Krebs‐Zyklus bei der Entstehung des Stoffwechsels ermöglichte, was jedoch noch nicht experimentell nachgewiesen werden konnte. Hier zeigen wir, dass drei aufeinanderfolgende Schritte des reduktiven Krebs‐Zyklus, die Umwandlung von Oxalacetat in Succinat, ohne Enzyme und in einer Eintopfreaktion mit H2als Reduktionsmittel unter milden Bedingungen, die mit der biologischen Chemie kompatibel sind, ablaufen können. Geringe katalytische Mengen an Nickel (10–20 mol %), Edelmetallen (0.1–1 mol %) oder sogar kleine Mengen an gemahlenen Meteoriten ermöglichen die Reduktionsreaktion bei Temperaturen zwischen 5 und 60 °C und über einen weiten pH‐Bereich, einschließlich pH 7. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen die Hypothese, dass geologisch erzeugter Wasserstoff und Metallkatalysatoren frühe biochemische Netzwerke initiiert haben könnten.
Non‐Equilibrium Kinetic States of a [2]Rotaxane‐Based Molecular Shuttle Controlled by Acid Concentrations
Authors: Zhao Lei‐Min , Zheng Li‐Shuo , Wang Xiaoping , Jiang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA [2]rotaxane‐based molecular shuttle with an acid‐responsive asymmetric macrocycle on a symmetric dumbbell axle is reported. Upon adding TFA, the macrocycle, namely the amine naphthotube, is protonated and translocates from the di(quaternary ammonium) station to the triazole stations because of electrostatic repulsion and weakened binding. The shuttling kinetics are slow due to the steric hindrance caused by the ethyl group on the quaternary ammonium center and can be followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, it was found that the shuttling kinetics depends on the concentration of TFA. A kinetic intermediate was detected and can even be captured in the presence of a high concentration of TFA. Extensive control experiments revealed that the shuttling kinetics and the capture of the kinetic intermediate are related to the different protonation states of the rotaxanes.
Microhydrated 3‐Methyl‐3‐oxetanemethanol: Evolution of the Hydrogen‐Bonding Network from Chains to Cubes
Authors: Sun Wenhao , Schnell Melanie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBroadband rotational spectroscopy is used to investigate the geometries of 3‐methyl‐3‐oxetanemethanol and its complexes with up to six water molecules, which are produced in supersonic jets. The main low‐energy isomers of these clusters are unambiguously identified in the spectra with the support of quantum‐chemical calculations. The conformation of the 3‐methyl‐3‐oxetanemethanol geometry is found to be influenced by the microsolvation effects. The hydrogen‐bond arrangements in the hydrate complexes, which are governed by the water‐water and water‐solute interactions, exhibit characteristic configurations with increasing number of water molecules and resemble the main isomers of the corresponding pure water clusters. Evolution of the hydrogen‐bonding structures from one‐dimensional chains to two‐dimensional rings and further to multicyclic three‐dimensional networks is observed, which provides information about the build‐up process.
Deracemization through Sequential Photoredox‐Neutral and Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysis
Authors: Gu Ziwei , Zhang Li , Li Haijun , Cao Shanshan , Yin Yanli , Zhao Xiaowei , Ban Xu , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCatalytic deracemization is an ideal synthetic strategy due to its formally perfect atom utilization. Asymmetric photocatalysis has been appreciated as a promising tool to accomplish this attractive reaction pattern in an economical fashion, but it remains underdeveloped. Here, we report a new platform based on photoredox‐neutral catalysis, allowing efficient and modular optical enrichment of α‐amino esters and other valuable analogues. Two single‐electron transfer processes between the photocatalyst and the substrates serve to provide the key prochiral intermediates, and the chiral Brønsted acid catalyst mediates enantioselective protonation to reconstitute a stereogenic C−H bond. The efficiency of deracemization is determined by the enantiofacial differentiation effect during the stereocentre‐forming step.
A Vitamin B2‐Photocatalysed Approach to Methionine Analogues
Authors: Knowles  Oliver J. , Johannissen Linus O. , Crisenza Giacomo E. M. , Hay Sam , Leys David , Procter David J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccess to new non‐canonical amino acid residues is crucial for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Analogues of the amino acid methionine have been far less explored—despite their use in biochemistry, pharmacology and peptide bioconjugation. This is largely due to limited synthetic access. Herein, we exploit a new disconnection to access non‐natural methionines through the development of a photochemical method for the radical α‐C−H functionalization of sulfides with alkenes, in water, using inexpensive and commercially‐available riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a photocatalyst. Our photochemical conditions allow the two‐step synthesis of novel methionine analogues—by radical addition to unsaturated amino acid derivatives—and the chemoselective modification of peptide side‐chains to yield non‐natural methionine residues within small peptides. The mechanism of the bio‐inspired flavin photocatalysis has been probed by experimental, DFT and TDDFT studies.
Wide Band‐Gap Polymer Donors Functionalized with Unconventional Carbamate Side Chains for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Jie , Liao Chentong , Duan Yuwei , Xu Xiaopeng , Deng Min , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSide‐chain engineering with heteroatoms is not only effective in tuning frontier molecular orbitals, but also possible for forming secondary bonds which can be utilized to planarize the molecular backbone, hence, improving the photon absorption as well as charge‐transport abilities of polymer solar‐cell (PSC) materials. Herein, two types of unconventional side chains, namely carboxylate and carbamate, containing various heteroatoms are introduced to the thiophene bridges in high performance benzodithiophene (BDT) based donor polymers to from the novel polymers PTzTz‐C and PTzTz‐N, respectively. In these polymers, non‐covalent O⋅⋅⋅S and N⋅⋅⋅H interactions induce a high tendency to aggregation. In a ternary‐blend PSC with PTzTz‐N added to the high‐performance D18 : BTP‐eC9 blend, complimentary absorption and improved thin‐film morphology were observed with a top power conversion efficiency of 18.76 %, which is an improvement of almost 5 % over the D18 : BTP‐eC9 binary blends.
Fabrication of anisotropic nanocomposite hydrogels by magnetic field‐induced orientation for mimicking cardiac tissue
Authors: Ma Yanzhuo , Ma Aijie , Luo Tao , Xiao Siyu , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ordered structure of biological tissues is a precondition for the development of high performance in these tissues. Hydrogels with anisotropic structures provide a good starting point for studying their biomimetic applications. In this work, a hydrogel that mimics the endogenous anisotropic structure of heart tissue was reported. The gel consists of acrylamide (AM) and 2‐Acrylamide‐2‐methylpro panesulfonic acid (AMPS) as gel monomers, α‐ketoglutaric acid as photoinitiator, and modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4‐RS) as crosslinking agent. Thus, AM, AMPS and Fe3O4‐Rs was called AAF for short. In the system, the orientation of Fe3O4‐Rs was arranged by an external magnetic field. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the precursor solution was polymerized in situ to form an AAF hydrogel. The structure, pore distribution, rheological properties, mechanical performance, swelling property, and biocompatibility of the prepared anisotropic AAF hydrogel were studied in this paper. Results showed that the mechanical performance of the AAF hydrogels was remarkably enhanced in comparison with the isotropic ones. The tensile strength of AAF hydrogel could reached 184 kPa in the direction of the parallel Orientation of Fe3O4‐Rs, and 80 kPa in the direction of the vertical Orientation of Fe3O4‐Rs under 25% strain (no magnetic field was applied during all test). Moreover, the anisotropic tensile ratio of AAF hydrogel also reached 2.3. The strength and modulus of anisotropic hydrogels were similar to cardiac tissue (anisotropic tensile ratio was 2.5), which has great potential for application in cardiac tissue engineering.
Cardiac innervations in diabetes mellitus—Anatomical evidence of neuropathy
Authors: Filipović Natalija , Marinović Guić Maja , Košta Vana , Vukojević Katarina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe extensive innervations of the heart include a complex network of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves connected in loops that serve to regulate cardiac output. Metabolic dysfunction in diabetes affects many different organ systems, including the cardiovascular system; it causes cardiac arrhythmias, silent myocardial ischemia, and sudden cardiac death, among others. These conditions are associated with damage to the nerves that innervate the heart, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), which is caused by various pathophysiological mechanisms. In this review, the main facts about the anatomy of cardiac innervations and the current knowledge of CAN, its pathophysiological mechanisms, and its diagnostic approach are discussed. In addition, anatomical evidence for CAN from human and animal studies has been summarized.
A Free‐Standing Polyaniline/Silicon Nanowire Forest as the Anode for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Eldona Calvin , Hanif Hawari Naufal , Haidar Hamid Faiq , Dempwolf Wibke , Iskandar Ferry , Peiner Erwin , Suryo Wasisto Hutomo , Sumboja Afriyanti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite its high theoretical capacity, silicon anode has limited intrinsic conductivity and experiences significant volume changes during charge‐discharge. To overcome these issues, facile metal‐assisted chemical etching and in‐situ polymerization of aniline are employed to produce a dense 1D polyaniline/silicon nanowire forest without noticeable agglomeration as a free‐standing anode for lithium‐ion batteries. This hybrid electrode possesses high cycling performance, delivering a stable capacity capped at 2 mAh cm−2 for 346 cycles of charge‐discharge. Maximum capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 is also achievable at high‐rate cell testing of 2 mA cm−2, which cannot be obtained by the anode with plain silicon wafer and silicon nanowire only. The introduction of polyaniline on the silicon nanowire is shown to reduce the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) resistance, stabilize the SEI layer, further alleviate the effect of volume changes, and boost the conductivity of the hybrid anode, resulting in the high electrochemical performance of the anode.
Application of improved neighbor propagation algorithm in international communication and cooperation to promote internationalization of higher education
Authors: Liang Weitao , Jia Caiying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost educational institutions use web 3.0 and blended learning technologies to improve student learning. Because not all students are intrinsically motivated to learn, the instructor in an e‐learning environment has significant challenges, lowering student performance. As a result, by merging the global dimension, intercultural, and international education functions, the Internationalization Standard for Higher Education (ISHE) is introduced. The Internationalization standard higher education (IoHE) process minimizes the difficulties in education resources because of the effective utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The ICT process improves innovative learning and boosts the e‐learning platform. To achieve the effectiveness of web 3.0 with a blended learning process, an Improved Neighbor Propagation Algorithm (INPA) with a concept‐mind mapping tool is introduced in this study. Student data are classified based on machine learning in an online environment. Classification is the process of predicting the class of given student data points. The relationship between each data point is examined here, and a tree structure is formed according to the concept. Mind Mapping is a suitable method that helps learn, increases information recording, shows how diverse facts and ideas are related, and improves problem‐solving. The concept and mind map are linked with different ideas, and the respective Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) program is conducted to enhance the student's performance. The discussed blended learning‐based internationalization higher education process is evaluated with the case studies. The numerical results of the proposed INPA algorithm improve the student performance by 98.9%, satisfaction ratio by 97.5%, engagement level by 95.6%, accuracy ratio by 98.1%, the precision ratio by 96.2%, and recall ratio by 95.4% compared with other existing methods.
Prognostic value of circulating proteins in patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lindgaard Sidsel C. , Sztupinszki Zsófia , Maag Emil , Hansen Carsten P. , Chen Inna M. , Johansen Astrid Z. , Hasselby Jane P. , Bojesen Stig E. , Nielsen Dorte , Johansen Julia S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Less than 20% of patients are diagnosed with resectable disease. Identifying truly resectable disease is challenging because 20%–40% of the patients subjected to resection are found to have advanced disease during surgery. The aim of our study was to identify panels of circulating proteins that could be used to distinguish patients with unresectable PDAC from patients with resectable PDAC and to identify prognostic signatures for both groups.MethodsWe measured 92 circulating immuno‐oncology‐related proteins using the proximity extension assay from Olink Proteomics in 273 patients eligible for surgery for PDAC. Two bioinformaticians worked independently of one another on the same data. LASSO and Ridge regression were used in the statistical analyses.ResultsOne protein index for determining resectability had an AUC value of 0.66. Several indices for prognosis had AUC values between 0.50 and 0.75 and were therefore not better than existing prognostic markers.DiscussionOur study did not reveal any new high‐performing protein panels that could be used to identify patients with inoperable PDAC before surgery. The panel of 92 proteins investigated has previously been found to be applicable for diagnostic use in patients with PDAC, but it does not seem to warrant further investigation regarding resectability in the subgroup of patients with PDAC referred to surgery.
Lay representations of diversity: Questioning assumptions about categorical differences and social inequality
Authors: Diamanti Stavroula , Iatridis Tilemachos , Kadianaki Irini 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite social psychology's emphasis on “diversity,” social psychological research on lay representations of diversity is pending. Capitalising on a string of critical diversity studies in other disciplines and based on social representations theory, this article presents a qualitative study on how lay Greek people interviewed about the meaning of diversity understand and use this term in talk. Our reflexive thematic analysis identified certain semantic tensions regarding the forms and value of diversity, which directly speak to findings in other cultural contexts and question the assumingly palliative effect of diversity on intergroup relations and social inequality. We suggest that the ideological input of this powerful concept be addressed rather than considering diversity a descriptive term or a self‐evident end in itself.
Ferulic acid relieved ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway in rats
Authors: Yu Sheng , Qian Haihua , Zhang Dan , Jiang Zhenzhen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a disorder of the bowel that is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine ferulic acid (FA) is known for its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiinflammatory properties. However, its role in UC is still unclear. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the role of FA in UC. Rats were treated with 2,4,6‐triabrobenzene sulfonic acid to induce UC and subjected to FA. Human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) were treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and pretreated with FA. Pathological changes in colonic tissues were visualized via hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐12, and IL‐1β levels. Cell morphology was visualized by using a microscope, and viability was detected by using MTT. The percentage of apoptosis was detected via flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of the apoptosis‐related proteins thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) and NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3). In vivo FA administration alleviated intestinal injury in UC rats and inhibited inflammatory factor levels (IL‐6, IL‐12, and IL‐1β), apoptosis‐related protein expression (caspase‐1 and caspase‐3) and the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In vitro, TNF‐α treatment reduced HIMEC viability, increased cell apoptosis and inflammatory factor levels and activated the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. However, FA treatment restored the viability of HIMECs, reduced TNF‐α‐induced cell apoptosis and inflammation and inhibited the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, with increasing FA concentration, the effects were stronger. In summary, FA inhibits the inflammatory injury of endothelial cells in ulcerative colitis or alleviates TNF‐α‐induced HIMEC injury by inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Save more with less: The impact of employer defaults and match rates on retirement saving
Authors: Blanchett David , Finke Michael , Liu Zhikun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmployers control two primary levers that can motivate retirement savings among defined contribution plan participants—default savings rates and match rates. Setting a higher default savings rate can increase plan contributions among passive savers who accept the default. A higher match rate incentivizes active savers to increase contributions. This study uses a large sample of defined contribution participants to estimate the interaction between employer match and default rates on savings outcomes among new participants. Selecting a higher default rate has the largest impact on employee savings rates. Plans with low default savings rates that match a high percentage of employee earnings induce higher‐income participants to actively move away from the low default savings rate, resulting in a wider savings gap between higher‐ and lower‐income employees. When employees are defaulted in at a higher rate, fewer move away from the default savings rate and the default investment choice (e.g., a target‐date fund). A higher default savings rate results in higher and more equal savings rates among employees, and higher acceptance of professionally managed defaults investments.