bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-beam ion source enhanced growth of transparent conductive thin films
Authors: Tran Thanh , Kim Young , Baule Nina , Shrestha Maheshwar , Zheng Bocong , Wang Keliang , Schuelke Thomas , Fan Qi Hua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A single-beam ion source was developed and used in combination with magnetron sputtering to modulate the film microstructure. The ion source emits a single beam of ions that interact with the deposited film and simultaneously enhances the magnetron discharge. The magnetron voltage can be adjusted over a wide range, from approximately 240 to 130 V, as the voltage of the ion source varies from 0 to 150 V, while the magnetron current increases accordingly. The low-voltage high-current magnetron discharge enables a ‘soft sputtering mode’, which is beneficial for thin-film growth. Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited at room temperature using a combined single-beam ion source and magnetron sputtering. The ion beam resulted in the formation of polycrystalline ITO thin films with significantly reduced resistivity and surface roughness. Single-beam ion-source-enhanced magnetron sputtering has many potential applications in which low-temperature growth of thin films is required, such as coatings for organic solar cells.
Microplasma emission performances dependent on silicon nanowires morphologies
Authors: Ma Xiaoqin , Chen Lichi , Wang Yaogong , Wang Wenjiang , Zhang Xiaoning 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are introduced into microdischarge to improve microplasma properties due to its field emission electrons and field enhancement effect. The geometrical arrangement and dimensional features of SiNWs have desicive influence on field emission properties, thus the dependence of microplasma emission performances on the SiNWs morphologies is investigated in this paper. The different morphologies of SiNWs can be prepared by electrocatalytic metal-assisted chemical etching with varied etching currents. With the increase of etching current from 3 mA to 30 mA (AgNO3:HF:H2O2 = 0.02:4.6:0.1 mol l−1, deposition time 1 min and etching time 10 min), the field emission current density
J
of the SiNWs prepared at 20 mA etching current is the largest ∼0.28 mA cm−2 at a field 4.5 V μm−1, and turn-on field is the lowest of 3.52 V μm−1. Accordingly, the microplasma in the device fabricated on the SiNWs-decorated substrate (etching current at 20 mA) has the strongest average emission intensity of ∼11 565 a.u., the minimal relative standard deviation of emission intensity 4.9% and the fastest propagation velocity of 471 km s−1. The field emission electrons of SiNWs could inject more seed electrons into microcavity which causes higher electron collision probability, and the field enhancement effect at tips of SiNWs can provide more energy for the charged particles, which are helpful to the microdischarge. The most difficulty is to balance the distance of emitters and the percentage of SiNWs in entire emission region because the shielding effect will reduce while the surface emitter numbers will decrease when the distance of emitters increases. Here, a ‘proper percentage of SiNWs’ of 19.3% is obtained what indicates that if SiNWs percentage is greater than the threshold, field enhancement factor β
eff is weakened by the decrease of aspect ratio and the increase of percentage. When SiNWs percentage is less than 19.3%, β
eff will increase and be dominated by the percentage of SiNWs. The results are significant for the application of SiNWs in microdischarge devices.
Charge-transfer effect in Fe 2p core-level x-ray photoemission spectra of trivalent Fe oxides: LDA + DMFT study
Authors: Higashi Keisuke , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Hariki Atsushi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Motivated by recent hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) experiment for trivalent Fe oxides Sr2FeMoO6 (ferrimagnetic correlated metal) and LaFeO3 (antiferromagnetic Mott insulator) (Phuyal et al 2021 J. Phys. Chem. C 125 11249–56), we present a theoretical analysis of the Fe 2p core-level spectra using a computational method based on local density approximation combined with dynamical mean-field theory. We find that a nonlocal screening (NLS) effect in the XPS final states is crucial for interpreting the experimental XPS result of both the Fe oxides. A close relationship between the NLS feature in core-level spectra and a long-range magnetic ordering is emphasized.
Majorana corner states in an attractive quantum spin Hall insulator with opposite in-plane Zeeman energy at two sublattice sites
Authors: Wu Ya-Jie , Tu Wei , Li Ning 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Higher-order topological superconductors and superfluids (SFs) host lower-dimensional Majorana corner and hinge states since novel topology exhibitions on boundaries. While such topological nontrivial phases have been explored extensively, more possible schemes are necessary for engineering Majorana states. In this paper we propose Majorana corner states could be realized in a two-dimensional attractive quantum spin-Hall insulator with opposite in-plane Zeeman energy at two sublattice sites. The appropriate Zeeman field leads to the opposite Dirac mass for adjacent edges of a square sample, and naturally induce Majorana corner states. This topological phase can be characterized by Majorana edge polarizations, and it is robust against perturbations on random potentials and random phase fluctuations as long as the edge gap remains open. Our work provides a new possibility to realize a second-order topological SF in two dimensions and engineer Majorana corner states.
A synergistic effect of the ion beam sputtered NiO
x
hole transport layer and MXene doping on inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Din Muhammad Faraz Ud , Held Vladimir , Ullah Sami , Sousani Shima , Omastova Maria , Nadazdy Vojtech , Shaji Ashin , Siffalovic Peter , Jergel Matej , Majkova Eva 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The synergistic effect of high-quality NiO
x
hole transport layers (HTLs) deposited by ion beam sputtering on ITO substrates and the Ti3C2T
x
MXene doping of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite layers is investigated in order to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The 18 nm thick NiO
x
layers are pinhole-free and exhibit large-scale homogeneous surface morphology as revealed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction showed a 0.75% expansion of the face-centered cubic lattice, suggesting an excess of oxygen as is typical for non-stoichiometric NiO
x
. The HTLs were used to fabricate the PSCs with MXene-doped MAPI layers. A PSC with undoped MAPI layer served as a control. The size of MAPI polycrystalline grains increased from 430 ± 80 nm to 620 ± 190 nm on the doping, as revealed by AFM. The 0.15 wt% MXene doping showed a 14.3% enhancement in PCE as compared to the PSC with undoped MAPI. The energy-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed one order of magnitude higher density of defect states in the band gap of MXene-doped MAPI layer, which eliminated beneficial effect of reduced total area of larger MAPI grain boundaries, decreasing short-circuit current. The PCE improvement is attributed to a decrease of the work function from −5.26 eV to −5.32 eV on the MXene doping, which increased open-circuit voltage and fill factor.
Electron energy probability function measurement in a 2 MHz and 13.56 MHz dual-frequency capacitively coupled argon plasma
Authors: Hong Young-Hun , Kim Tae-Woo , Kim Beom-Seok , Lee Moo-Young , Chung Chin-Wook 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The effect of low-frequency power and high-frequency power on the electron energy probability function (EEPF) and the physical and electrical characteristics of plasma are experimentally investigated in a dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma. RF powers of 2 MHz (low-frequency) and 13.56 MHz (high-frequency) are simultaneously applied to an electrode. EEPFs and DC self-bias voltages (V
DC) are measured as one of the two RF powers is increased while the other is fixed. When the 2 MHz power increases at a fixed 13.56 MHz power, the electron density decreases, and the electron temperature increases with the decrease in the population of low-energy (below 5 V) electrons in the EEPF. Note that the increase in the low-frequency power is accompanied by a large decrease in V
DC, which is related to the ion energy. On the other hand, when 13.56 MHz power increases at a fixed 2 MHz power, the electron density and the electron temperature significantly increase with the increase in the population of high-energy (above 5 V) electrons in the EEPF, while V
DC decreases slightly. Experimental results show that the increase in the low-frequency power enhances the ion energy, and the increase in the high-frequency power enhances electron heating and ionization efficiency.
Source material valuation of charge plasma based DG-TFET for RFIC applications
Authors: Goyal Preeti , Srivastava Garima , Madan Jaya , Pandey Rahul , Gupta R S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper seeks to present a comprehensive analysis to check the viability of four different source materials in a charge plasma-based double gate tunnel field effect transistor (CP-DGTFET) as RF/microwave systems components. This work aims to provide a comparative study of the electrical and analog parameters of three devices (labeled as D-II, D-III, D-IV) with Si0.5Ge0.5, Ge, Mg2Si as the source material with a conventional Si source homojunction CP-DGTFET (referred as D-I). In addition, linearity and distortion are investigated. The selection of the source material illustrates the effect on the band structure at heterojunctions, as a combined effect of low bandgap and electron affinities of the material used. Results obtained through numerical simulations show that the device D-IV with Mg2Si source shows excellent performance parameters with maximum I
ON (4.6 × 10−3 A µm−1) and minimum V
th (0.26 V). Also, the switching ratio (1013) and SS (10.89 mV/decade) offered by D-IV is the best among all four devices investigated. Various linearity FOM’s viz. transconductance and its higher order derivatives (g
m
, g
m2
, g
m3), higher order voltage intercept points (V
IP2
, V
IP3), third-order intercept input power, third-order intermodulation distortion, 1 dB compression point, 2nd and 3rd order harmonic distortion, and total harmonic distortions (THD) have also been examined. All of this research was carried out using the Atlas Silvaco simulation tool. This study reveals that the Mg2Si source CP-DGTFET is best suited for high-frequency, low-power and high linearity applications in modern communication systems.
Finite element model updating of microwave welded lap joint with direct updating algorithm
Authors: Bagha Ashok Kumar , Tiwari Shivashrit , Kumari Shivani , Samyal Rahul , Bedi Raman , Sharma Nitin , Bahl Shashi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Microwave joining is a non-conventional joining method that can be used to join bulk metals. Different types of joints such as butt-joint, lap joint, etc can be successfully joined with this novel green technique of joining. In this paper, a domestic microwave oven having a power output of 700W, frequency of 2.45 GHz, and capacity of 25L is used to weld the SS202-SS202 and SS304-SS304 bulk metals. To characterize the lap joints Vicker’s hardness test and SEM of the welded specimens are carried out. The experimental modal analysis is used to measure the experimental eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the welded lap joints. The finite element method has been used to develop the simulated finite element model of the microwave welded joints. The developed finite element model may be very beneficial to predict the dynamic characteristics of the welded structures. However, the finite element method is a numerical tool that gives approximate results. The finite element modeling of the structures depends upon various uncertain factors such as structural material properties, dimensions, boundary conditions, etc Due to these uncertainties in the simulated finite element model, there is always an error between the simulated and experimental observations. In this paper, a lap joint of bulk metals is fabricated by using microwave hybrid heating and a finite element model updating technique such as a direct updating algorithm is proposed to update its simulated finite element model. The objective is to update the simulated mass and the stiffness matrices of the microwave welded lap joint. The experimental modal analysis is used to measure the natural frequencies of the lap joint specimen experimentally. It is observed that the direct updating algorithm can successfully update the simulated finite element model of the welded joints and reduces the error between the simulated and experimental natural frequencies. It is found that the maximum error between the predicted and measured natural frequencies reduces to 0.56% by using the proposed algorithm for welded joints.
Band gap properties and self-collimation in a tenfold quasicrystal structure photonic crystals applying multicircular ring scatterers
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Zhi-Ran , Ji Hui , Zhang Hai-Feng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a kind of tenfold photonic quasicrystals based on the Penrose puzzle theory with the application of multicircular ring scatterers (MCRSs) is presented. It is divided into four kinds of square supercells and employed in a square lattice to constitute the first-order (1st), second-order (2nd), third-order (3rd), and fourth-order (4th) tenfold quasicrystal structure photonic crystals (TFQCSPCs) accordingly. In an attempt to evaluate the dispersion maps and equifrequency contour (EFC) profiles of such long-range ordered but not really periodic TFQCSPCs, an enhanced plane wave expansion (PWE) method is adopted. The photonic crystals (PCs) discussed in this paper are first classified into two major categories, air hole and dielectric column types which will be referred to as type 1, type 2 respectively in the following. The varying features of photonic band gaps (PBGs) of TFQCSPCs are inquired about by changing the refractive index (n) of the relevant medium and the number of rings (H) of MCRSs under two broad prerequisites of type 1 and type 2 PCs. The results are also compared with the associated properties of PBGs of traditional square lattice PCs (TSLPCs) and traditional triangular lattice PCs (TTLPCs) which employ MCRSs. Then, the 1st and 2nd TFQCSPCs and TSLPCs are fabricated in the form of hollow air holes dug in the silicon plate, and the transformation of their PBGs and EFCs is researched when the width (W) and H of the ring are adjusted. The possibility of implementing the phenomenon of polarization-insensitive self-collimation (PISC) in TFQCSPCs and TSLPCs is explored by examining the smoothest EFCs in EFC mappings. Eventually, our work actualizes the PISC phenomenon at seven normalized frequency (NF) values of 0.074, 0.168, 0.170, 0.172, 0.265, 0.270, and 0.297, which fills the gap of the PISC phenomenon in the low-frequency domain.
Non-Gaussian signatures of a thermal Big Bang
Authors: Mylova Maria , Moschou Marianthi , Afshordi Niayesh , Magueijo João 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
What if Big Bang was hot from its very inception? This is possible in a bimetric theory
where the source of fluctuations is thermal, requiring the model to live on a critical boundary in
the space of parameters and can be realized when an anti-DBI brane moves within an EAdS
2 ×
E
3 geometry. This setup renders the model unique, with sharp predictions for the scalar
spectral index and its running. We investigate the non-Gaussian signatures of this thermal
bimetric model, or “bi-thermal” for short. We adapt the standard calculation of
non-Gaussianities for P(X,ϕ) models to the thermal nature of the model, emphasising how the
bi-thermal peculiarities affect the calculation and alter results. This leads to precise
predictions for the shape and amplitude of the three-point function of the bi-thermal model (at
tree-level): f
local
NL = -3/2 and f
equil
NL = -2 + 4 √(3)π/9
≃ 0.4. We also discover a new shape of flattened non-gaussianity ∝
(k
1 + k
2 - k
3)-3/2 + permutations, which is expected due to the excited thermal initial
conditions. These results, along with our earlier predictions for the scalar power spectrum,
provide sharp targets for the future generation of cosmological surveys.
Influence of the scale factor on the mechanical properties of heterogeneous welded joints
Authors: Terentyev E V , Gudenko A V , Zhgut D A , Borodavkina K T , Marchenkov Yu A , Kozyrev Kh M , Yakhontov A I , Santalova Yu V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The influence of the scale factor on the strength properties of welded products with pronounced mechanical inhomogeneity presented in the formation of a soft zone was investigated. Dissimilar welded joints were performed by electron beam welding and consisted of 12Kh18N10T austenitic steel and low-carbon ferritic steel. Interrelation of the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints and the relative width of the soft zone was obtained for samples of three different scale levels. The growth in strength properties with a proportional decrease in the dimensions of the welded products was indicated.
Research of the technological methods influence on the formation of structure and properties during the additive growth of products from nickel chromium steels of the austenitic class by plasma-jet hard facing methods
Authors: Olshanskaya T V , Dushina A Y , Trushnikov D N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper considers the influence of a change in the heat rate of a source with time by means of slope control, using the example of plasma-jet hard facing, as well as changes in the original structure due to laminated cool post weld upsetting of the pads, using the example of plasma-jet heat-facing with a consumable electrode (Plasma-MIG). It was found that the formation of the structure is accompanied by metal deposits transcrystallization. It is shown that the use of vibratory actions on the liquid bath by slope control modulating during plasma surfacing contributes to the partial suppression of transcrystallization of the metal deposit: the direction of columnar crystallites growth changes relative to the previous layer, contributes to the refinement of the pine-tree structure, which leads to a change in mechanical characteristics. The best properties are observed when surfacing with slope control with a frequency of 15000 Hz. The use of laminated cool post weld upsetting during the plasma-jet hard-facing by consumable electrode reduces the transcrystallization of the metal deposit. It forms dendritic crystals of an equiaxial form, which leads to the reduction of the morphological grain flow, and the strength characteristics of the fused on alloy exceeds the level of the metal durability fused on without post weld upsetting and materials obtained by traditional technologies. However, the moldability characteristics remain at a high level.
Enhancing Adsorption Ice Maker Productivity using Beds of Aluminium Foam Packed with Activated Carbon
Authors: Elsheniti M B , Al-Ansary H , Orfi J , El-Leathy A , Eissa M S , Elsamni O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The adsorption refrigeration system driven by solar energy is a promising sustainable solution to tackle the growing demand for cooling and meet environmental regulations as well. In addition, the increase in refrigeration needs is in phase with the increase in the abundant solar energy in the Middle East. This study aims at numerically investigating the utilize of a high adsorption performance material namely Maxsorb III, a type of activated carbon, packed in an advanced aluminium foam bed to produce ice from two-bed adsorption system. A detailed 2-D axisymmetric transient model considering mass, momentum, and energy balance equations coupled with isotherms and kinetic models in the adsorbent domain to describe the adsorption phenomena was developed and used for the simulations. Results of a typical packed bed using finned tube configuration were used as a base model to compare the performance enhancement. The aluminium foam-based system performance outperformed the base model in producing the ice by 16.8% at a high cycle time of 1200 s, regeneration temperature of 90°C, and foam thickness of 5 mm. Furthermore, the coefficient of performance and specific cooling power increased by 26.7% and 27.9%, respectively, driven by the considerable enhancement in the bed mass and heat transfer due to the use of metal foam.
A novel low-cost plant-based adsorbent from Red Oak (Quercus rubra) Acorns for wastewater treatment: Kinetic study on removal of dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Shahedur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Oak species are a successful plant group that have colonized the world's largest areas of forest. Oak trees are also prevalent in urban green spaces in the United States and Canada. As a result, these trees produced an abundance of acorns each year. In urban areas, these acorns are frequently discarded as solid waste. Alternative uses for this forest/plant waste are highly desirable because they will not only be valorized but will also contribute to the reduction of solid waste. The purpose of this work was to manufacture low-cost activated carbon using Red Oak (Quercus rubra) acorns and utilize it to remove methyl blue colors in aqueous solutions. The results of experiments indicated that prepared carbons were effective at removing pollutants from water. The pH, starting dye concentration, temperature, duration of the adsorption process, and shaking rate all had an effect on the adsorption process. The basic pH system was found to have the most favourable conditions for dye removal after a 3-hour contact time. The starting concentration of adsorbate has a detrimental influence on the removal rate, while the other factors also may have effect. A kinetic analysis revealed for the first 2 hours, the dye adsorption was better characterized by a pseudo-second order kinetic model with an equilibrium concentration (qe) of 0.9756 mg/g and an equilibrium rate constant (k2) of 16.81 g/mg min. Given that Red Oak acorns are largely regarded as solid waste due to their low monitory value and their widespread availability, the resulting carbons are anticipated to be economically feasible for the treatment of wastewater. The study's various findings indicate that this novel material is an excellent biosorbent for dye removal from contaminated waters.