bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact on the legal system of the generalizability crisis in psychology
Authors: Brewin Chris R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOvergeneralizations by psychologists of the research evidence on memory and eyewitness testimony, such as “memory decays with time” or “memories are fluid and malleable,” are beginning to appear in legal judgements and guidance documents, accompanied by unwarranted disparagement of lay beliefs about memory. These overgeneralizations could have significant adverse consequences for the conduct of civil and criminal law.
From description to generalization, or there and back again
Authors: West Kelsey L. , Soska Kasey C. , Cole Whitney G. , Han Danyang , Hoch Justine E. , Hospodar Christina M. , Kaplan Brianna E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn his target article, Yarkoni prescribes descriptive research as a potential antidote for the generalizability crisis. In our commentary, we offer four guiding principles for conducting descriptive research that is generalizable and enduring: (1) prioritize context over control; (2) let naturalistic observations contextualize structured tasks; (3) operationalize the target phenomena rigorously and transparently; and (4) attend to individual data.
Replies to commentaries on the generalizability crisis
Authors: Yarkoni Tal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 38 commentaries on the target article span a broad range of disciplines and perspectives. I have organized my response to the commentaries around three broad questions: First, how serious are the problems discussed in the target article? Second, are there are other, potentially more productive, ways to think about the issues that the target article framed in terms of generalizability? And third, what, if anything, should we collectively do about these problems?
Tradition and invention: The bifocal stance theory of cultural evolution
Authors: Jagiello Robert , Heyes Cecilia , Whitehouse Harvey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCultural evolution depends on both innovation (the creation of new cultural variants by accident or design) and high-fidelity transmission (which preserves our accumulated knowledge and allows the storage of normative conventions). What is required is an overarching theory encompassing both dimensions, specifying the psychological motivations and mechanisms involved. The bifocal stance theory (BST) of cultural evolution proposes that the co-existence of innovative change and stable tradition results from our ability to adopt different motivational stances flexibly during social learning and transmission. We argue that the ways in which instrumental and ritual stances are adopted in cultural transmission influence the nature and degree of copying fidelity and thus also patterns of cultural spread and stability at a population level over time. BST creates a unifying framework for interpreting the findings of otherwise seemingly disparate areas of enquiry, including social learning, cumulative culture, overimitation, and ritual performance. We discuss the implications of BST for competing by-product accounts which assume that faithful copying is merely a side-effect of instrumental learning and action parsing. We also set out a novel “cultural action framework” bringing to light aspects of social learning that have been relatively neglected by behavioural ecologists and evolutionary psychologists and establishing a roadmap for future research on this topic. The BST framework sheds new light on the cognitive underpinnings of cumulative cultural change, selection, and spread within an encompassing evolutionary framework.
Differential responses of Kashmir Himalayan threatened medicinal plants to anticipated climate change
Authors: Dad Javaid M , Rashid Irfan 
Published: February 2022

SummaryAs natural and anthropogenic forcings impel anticipated climate change, their effects on biodiversity and environmental sustainability are evident. A fundamental question that is often overlooked is: which changes in climate will cause the redistribution or extinction of threatened species? Here, we mapped and modelled the current and future geographical distributions of the four threatened medicinal plants –Aconitum heterophyllumWall. ex Royle,Fritillaria cirrhosaD.Don,Meconopsis aculeataRoyle andRheum webbianumRoyle–in Kashmir Himalaya using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modelling. Species occurrence records were collated from detailed field studies carried out between the years 2010 and 2020. Four general circulation models for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios were chosen for future range changes over periods around 2050 (average for 2041–2060) and 2070 (average of 2061–2080). Notable differences existed between species in their responses to predictive environmental variables of temperature and precipitation. Increase in the most suitable habitat, except forA. heterophyllumandR. webbianum, were evident across Himalayan Mountain regions, while the Pir Panjal mountain region exhibited a decrease for all four species under future climate change scenarios. This study exemplifies the idiosyncratic response of narrow-range plants to expected future climate change and highlights conservation implications.
Experiences and views of nurses about unmet needs of older cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A qualitative study
Authors: Ayvat İrem , Atli Ozbas Azize 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim is to understand the experiences and views of oncology nurses about the unmet care needs of older cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Nurses play the key role in evaluating and determining the needs of this special group.MethodA phenomenological descriptive qualitative study with convenience sampling was used. Participants were referred by the Turkish Oncology Nursing Society. The study participants were 12 nurses aged 34–53 years, with oncology experience between 5 and 27 years. The data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim with concurrent analyses and data collection. Thematic content analysis was used to determine common domains.ResultsThe study data were categorized into 3 contexts, 12 themes, and 37 subthemes. The first context, “unmet needs”, includes physical care, psychological care, and social care themes. The second context, “barriers to meeting those needs”, comprises the theme of patient characteristics, attitude of family, attitude of the nurses/healthcare team, health system, and culture. The last context is “suggestions for meeting needs”. Nurses play an important role in identifying and meeting unmet psychosocial needs.Significance of resultsThe study indicated that older cancer patients had problems in identifying, expressing, and making demands for their needs and that their culture contributed to this situation. Nurses serving in the outpatient chemotherapy units should conduct a holistic assessment of older cancer patients, be aware that these patients may not be able to express their needs, be more sensitive toward them, and ensure that the voice of the older patients is heard.
Feedback Interactions Between the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere at Middle Latitude
Authors: Alimaganbetov M. , Streltsov A. V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObservations show that magnetic pulsations with frequencies around 1 mHz are frequently detected simultaneously at different latitudes on the ground, in the inner magnetosphere, and in the solar wind. The coupling between oscillations in the dynamic pressure or magnetic field carried by the solar wind and the ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves detected on the ground at high latitudes has been suggested in several studies. We present results from a numerical study of ultra‐low‐frequency waves detected by the ground magnetometers at middle latitudes during substorm. We investigate the hypothesis that these waves are generated by the ionospheric feedback instability driven by the large‐scale electric field in the ionosphere. This field is associated with the surface waves propagating along the ambient magnetic field on a strong perpendicular gradient in the plasma density occurring in the equatorial magnetosphere. The gradient in the plasma density is associated with the plasmapause. The plasmapause moves to the middle latitude when the plasmasphere erodes during substorm. The energy from the external driver can be coupled to the large‐scale surface Alfvén waves traveling along the field lines into the ionosphere and generating small‐scale intense ULF waves and field‐aligned currents at middle latitudes. The simulations of the two‐fluid magnetohydrodynamics model confirm this scenario, and the numerical results show a good quantitative agreement with the observations.
On the Speciation of Iodine in Marine Aerosol
Authors: Gómez Martín Juan Carlos , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Cuevas Carlos A. , Baker Alex R. , Fernández Rafael P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe have compiled and analyzed a comprehensive data set of field observations of iodine speciation in marine aerosol. The soluble iodine content of fine aerosol (PM1) is dominated by soluble organic iodine (SOI; ∼50%) and iodide (∼30%), while the coarse fraction is dominated by iodate (∼50%), with nonnegligible amounts of iodide (∼20%). The SOI fraction shows an equatorial maximum and minima coinciding with the ocean “deserts,” which suggests a link between soluble iodine speciation in aerosol and ocean productivity. Among the major aerosol ions, organic anions and non‐sea‐salt sulfate show positive correlations with SOI in PM1. Alkali cations are positively correlated to iodate and negatively correlated with SOI and iodide in coarse aerosol. These relationships suggest that under acidic conditions iodate is reduced to HOI, which reacts with organic matter to form SOI, a possible source of iodide. In less acidic sea‐salt or dust‐rich coarse aerosols, HOI oxidation to iodate and reaction with organic matter likely compete.
Interpretable Machine Learning to Forecast SEP Events for Solar Cycle 23
Authors: Kasapis Spiridon , Zhao Lulu , Chen Yang , Wang Xiantong , Bobra Monica , Gombosi Tamas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe use machine learning methods to predict whether an active region (AR) which produces flares will lead to a solar energetic particle (SEP) event using Space‐Weather Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) Active Region Patches (SMARPs). This new data product is derived from maps of the solar surface magnetic field taken by the MDI aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. We survey the SMARP active regions associated with flares that appear on the solar disk between 5 June 1996 and 14 August 2010, label those that produced SEPs as positive and the rest as negative. The AR SMARP features that correspond to each flare are used to train two different types of machine learning methods, the support vector machines (SVMs) and the regression models. The results show that the SMARP data can predict whether a flare will lead to an SEP with accuracy (ACC) ≤0.72 ± 0.12 while allowing for a competitive leading time of 55.3 ± 28.6 min for forecasting the SEP events.
Mass-Fix better predicts for PFS and OS than standard methods among multiple myeloma patients participating on the STAMINA trial (BMT CTN 0702 /07LT)
Authors: Dispenzieri Angela , Krishnan Amrita , Arendt Bonnie , Blackwell Beth , Wallace Paul K. , Dasari Surendra , Vogl Dan T. , Efebera Yvonne , Fei Mingwei , Geller Nancy , Giralt Sergio , Hahn Theresa , Howard Alan , Kohlhagen Mindy , Landau Heather , Hari Parameswaran , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , McCarthy Philip , Shah Nina , Vesole David H. , Stadtmauer Edward , Murray David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMeasuring response among patients with multiple myeloma is essential for the care of patients. Deeper responses are associated with better progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). To test the hypothesis that Mass-Fix, a mass spectrometry-based means to detect monoclonal proteins, is superior to existing methodologies to predict for survival outcomes, samples from the STAMINA trial (NCT01109004), a trial comparing three transplant approaches, were employed. Samples from 575 patients from as many as three time points (post-induction [post-I; pre-maintenance [pre-M]; 1 year post enrollment [1YR]) were tested when available. Four response parameters were assessed: Mass-Fix, serum immunofixation, complete response, and measurable residual disease (MRD) by next generation flow cytometry. Of the four response measures, only MRD and Mass-Fix predicted for PFS and OS at multiple testing points on multivariate analyses. Although MRD drove Mass-Fix from the model for PFS at post-I and pre-M, 1YR Mass-Fix was independent of 1YR MRD. For OS, the only prognostic pre-I measure was Mass-Fix, and the only 1YR measures that were prognostic on multivariate analysis were 1YR MRD and 1YR Mass-Fix. SIFE and CR were not. Mass-Fix is a powerful means to track response.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a novel predictor of venous thrombosis in polycythemia vera
Authors: Carobbio Alessandra , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , De Stefano Valerio , Masciulli Arianna , Guglielmelli Paola , Loscocco Giuseppe Gaetano , Ramundo Francesco , Rossi Elena , Kanthi Yogendra , Tefferi Ayalew , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of thrombosis in polycythemia vera (PV). After a median follow-up of 2.51 years, of 1508 PV patients enrolled in the ECLAP study, 82 and 84 developed arterial and venous thrombosis, respectively. Absolute counts of total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and the NLR were tested by generalized additive models (GAM) to evaluate their trend in continuous scale of thrombotic risk. Only for venous thrombosis, we showed that baseline absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were on average respectively higher (median: 6.8 × 109/L, p = 0.002) and lower (median: 1.4 × 109/L, p = 0.001), leading to increased NLR values (median: 5.1, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, the risk of venous thrombosis was independently associated with previous venous events (HR = 5.48, p ≤ 0.001) and NLR values ≥5 (HR = 2.13, p = 0.001). Moreover, the relative risk in both low- and high-standard risk groups was almost doubled in the presence of NLR ≥ 5. These findings were validated in two Italian independent external cohorts (Florence, n = 282 and Rome, n = 175) of contemporary PV patients. Our data support recent experimental work that venous thrombosis is controlled by innate immune cells and highlight that NLR is an inexpensive and easily accessible prognostic biomarker of venous thrombosis.
Blockade of caspase cascade overcomes malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice
Authors: Sercundes Michelle K. , Ortolan Luana S. , da Silva Julio Viviane , Bella Leonardo M. , de Castro Quirino Thatyane , Debone Daniela , Carneiro-Ramos Marcela S. , Christoffolete Marcelo A. , Martins Joilson O. , D’Império Lima Maria Regina , Alvarez José M. , Amarante-Mendes Gustavo P. , Gonçalves Lígia Antunes , Marinho Claudio R. F. , Epiphanio Sabrina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMalaria is an enormous burden on global health that caused 409,000 deaths in 2019. Severe malaria can manifest in the lungs, an illness known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Not much is known about the development of malaria-associated ARDS (MA-ARDS), especially regarding cell death in the lungs. We had previously established a murine model that mimics various human ARDS aspects, such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhages, pleural effusion, and hypoxemia, using DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Here, we explored the mechanisms and the involvement of apoptosis in this syndrome. We found that apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of MA-ARDS, primarily as facilitators of the alveolar-capillary barrier breakdown. The protection of pulmonary endothelium by inhibiting caspase activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent the pathogenicity of MA-ARDS. Therefore, intervention in the programmed death cell mechanism could help patients not to develop severe malaria.
Blocking the human common beta subunit of the GM-CSF, IL-5 and IL-3 receptors markedly reduces hyperinflammation in ARDS models
Authors: Wang Hao , Tumes Damon J. , Hercus Timothy R. , Yip K. H. , Aloe Christian , Vlahos Ross , Lopez Angel F. , Wilson Nick , Owczarek Catherine M. , Bozinovski Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is triggered by various aetiological factors such as trauma, sepsis and respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. Immune profiling of severe COVID-19 patients has identified a complex pattern of cytokines including granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-5, which are significant mediators of viral-induced hyperinflammation. This strong response has prompted the development of therapies that block GM-CSF and other cytokines individually to limit inflammation related pathology. The common cytokine binding site of the human common beta (βc) receptor signals for three inflammatory cytokines: GM-CSF, IL-5 and IL-3. In this study, βc was targeted with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) CSL311 in engineered mice devoid of mouse βc and βIL-3 and expressing human βc (hβcTg mice). Direct pulmonary administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused ARDS-like lung injury, and CSL311 markedly reduced lung inflammation and oedema, resulting in improved oxygen saturation levels in hβcTg mice. In a separate model, influenza (HKx31) lung infection caused viral pneumonia associated with a large influx of myeloid cells into the lungs of hβcTg mice. The therapeutic application of CSL311 potently decreased accumulation of monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils without altering lung viral loads. Furthermore, CSL311 treatment did not limit the viral-induced expansion of NK and NKT cells, or the tissue expression of type I/II/III interferons needed for efficient viral clearance. Simultaneously blocking GM-CSF, IL-5 and IL-3 signalling with CSL311 may represent an improved and clinically applicable strategy to reducing hyperinflammation in the ARDS setting.
Deciphering spatial genomic heterogeneity at a single cell resolution in multiple myeloma
Authors: Merz Maximilian , Merz Almuth Maria Anni , Wang Jie , Wei Lei , Hu Qiang , Hutson Nicholas , Rondeau Cherie , Celotto Kimberly , Belal Ahmed , Alberico Ronald , Block AnneMarie W. , Mohammadpour Hemn , Wallace Paul K. , Tario Joseph , Luce Jesse , Glenn Sean T. , Singh Prashant , Herr Megan M. , Hahn Theresa , Samur Mehmet , Munshi Nikhil , Liu Song , McCarthy Philip L. , Hillengass Jens 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOsteolytic lesions (OL) characterize symptomatic multiple myeloma. The mechanisms of how malignant plasma cells (PC) cause OL in one region while others show no signs of bone destruction despite subtotal infiltration remain unknown. We report on a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) study of PC obtained prospectively from random bone marrow aspirates (BM) and paired imaging-guided biopsies of OL. We analyze 148,630 PC from 24 different locations in 10 patients and observe vast inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity based on scRNA-seq analyses. Beyond the limited evidence for spatial heterogeneity from whole-exome sequencing, we find an additional layer of complexity by integrated analysis of anchored scRNA-seq datasets from the BM and OL. PC from OL are characterized by differentially expressed genes compared to PC from BM, including upregulation of genes associated with myeloma bone disease like DKK1, HGF and TIMP-1 as well as recurrent downregulation of JUN/FOS, DUSP1 and HBB. Assessment of PC from longitudinally collected samples reveals transcriptional changes after induction therapy. Our study contributes to the understanding of destructive myeloma bone disease.
Copy number amplification of ENSA promotes the progression of triple-negative breast cancer via cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Yi-Yu , Ge Jing-Yu , Zhu Si-Yuan , Shao Zhi-Ming , Yu Ke-Da 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCopy number alterations (CNAs) are pivotal genetic events in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, our integrated copy number and transcriptome analysis of 302 TNBC patients reveals that gene alpha-endosulfine (ENSA) exhibits recurrent amplification at the 1q21.3 region and is highly expressed in TNBC. ENSA promotes tumor growth and indicates poor patient survival in TNBC. Mechanistically, we identify ENSA as an essential regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in TNBC that upregulates the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2), a pivotal transcription factor in cholesterol biosynthesis. We confirm that ENSA can increase the level of p-STAT3 (Tyr705) and activated STAT3 binds to the promoter of SREBP2 to promote its transcription. Furthermore, we reveal the efficacy of STAT3 inhibitor Stattic in TNBC with high ENSA expression. In conclusion, the amplification of ENSA at the 1q21.3 region promotes TNBC progression and indicates sensitivity to STAT3 inhibitors.
Unconventional excited-state dynamics in the concerted benzyl (C7H7) radical self-reaction to anthracene (C14H10)
Authors: Kaiser Ralf. I. , Zhao Long , Lu Wenchao , Ahmed Musahid , Krasnoukhov Vladislav S. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Mebel Alexander M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prevalent in deep space and on Earth as products in combustion processes bearing direct relevance to energy efficiency and environmental remediation. Reactions between hydrocarbon radicals in particular have been invoked as critical molecular mass growth processes toward cyclization leading to these PAHs. However, the mechanism of the formation of PAHs through radical – radical reactions are largely elusive. Here, we report on a combined computational and experimental study of the benzyl (C7H7) radical self-reaction to phenanthrene and anthracene (C14H10) through unconventional, isomer-selective excited state dynamics. Whereas phenanthrene formation is initiated via a barrierless recombination of two benzyl radicals on the singlet ground state surface, formation of anthracene commences through an exotic transition state on the excited state triplet surface through cycloaddition. Our findings challenge conventional wisdom that PAH formation via radical-radical reactions solely operates on electronic ground state surfaces and open up a previously overlooked avenue for a more “rapid” synthesis of aromatic, multi-ringed structures via excited state dynamics in the gas phase.