bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derechos fundamentales, estado de excepción y uso progresivo de la fuerza
Authors: Mosquera-Narváez German 
Published: September 2022

El presente estudio recoge los diversos aportes dogmáticos, normativos y jurisprudenciales relacionados al uso progresivo de la fuerza pública, la protección de derechos fundamentales, y la declaratoria de estados de excepción como prerrogativa de los Estados. Se centra en determinar la naturaleza y características de estas instituciones, así como, en describir, desde la teoría y práctica, respecto los diferentes tipos de controles y límites tanto políticos como jurisdiccionales; para el desarrollo de este último aspecto, se examina la Sentencia No. 33-20 IN/21 de la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana, que, a través del ejercicio de control constitucional, declaró la inconstitucionalidad por la forma y fondo respecto regulaciones expedidas por el Ministerio a cargo de las Fuerzas Armadas, por cuanto estas establecen restricciones a derechos fundamentales al autorizar el uso progresivo y letal de la fuerza durante los estados de excepción, en ese sentido, acorde a la naturaleza, alcance, facultades y limitaciones que tienen los Estados para el uso progresivo de la fuerza durante, se analiza la dicotomía entre, por un lado, atender legítimamente situaciones sociales críticas, y por otro, el abuso de poder por parte del Estado y la consecuente vulneración de derechos; por lo que, se plantea responder la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Sí los principales aportes doctrinarios, normativos y jurisprudenciales que manifiestan límites y controles al Estado con respecto el uso de la fuerza pública dentro de estados de excepción son observados y respetados por la institucionalidad ecuatoriana?
El Sistema Armonizado y la importancia de sus elementos en la clasificación de mercancías
Authors: Aguilar-Loayza Yanela , Mendoza-Córdova Maryury , Arias-Montero Jorge 
Published: September 2022

El propósito de la investigación es introducir a los lectores con la información más relevante sobre el arancel, el objetivo es analizar el Sistema Armonizado de Designación y Codificación de Mercancías, mediante el uso de fuentes bibliográficas que nos permita el enriquecimiento de conocimientos de sus elementos que mayormente influyen en la clasificación arancelaria. Para su desarrollo, se hizo uso de búsqueda avanzada como los artículos científicos y de revisión, libros y sitios web confidenciales, en cuanto al uso de los métodos teóricos se utilizó el analítico-sintético y el deductivo-inductivo, cabe indicar, que lo que se espera, es que se comprenda la importancia que tienen los elementos del Sistema Armonizado para evitar ciertos errores de clasificación, que le pueda posicionar en una situación de riesgo económico o en un problema al momento de realizar la operación comercial.
Para ello, se ofrece un análisis del arancel, de tal modo, que permita dar por cumplido con el objetivo de la investigación. En definitiva, se concluye que la designación y codificación de los productos, ha facilitado el comercio internacional ya que, ha permitido registrar, identificar y clasificar las mercancías de una manera más óptima, a su vez, puede llevar un mejor control de las operaciones comerciales.
Covid-19: Análisis de la crisis laboral en los diferentes sectores productivos del Ecuador.
Authors: Quezada-Vergara Joselyn , Valencia-Vasquez Edinson , Jaya-Pineda Iddar 
Published: September 2022

El desempleo es uno de los principales problemas que deben enfrentar los gobiernos, los altos índices de desempleo solo reflejan que la economía de país es poco confiable, obstaculizando de esta manera la inversión extranjera e impidiendo el crecimiento económico. Con este contexto la pandemia por Covid-19 que se vivió en el Ecuador en 2020 ha influenciado de manera negativa en los diferentes sectores productivos del país, como consecuencia del confinamiento, paralización de actividades, disminución del personal, caída de las exportaciones, menos ingresos; lo que acrecentó de manera significativa la pobreza, en donde la población no puede tener acceso a los recursos necesarios para satisfacer sus necesidades más básicas. Es por tal motivo que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, analizar el impacto del Covid-19, en la situación laboral de los diferentes sectores productivos del Ecuador, mediante una investigación de tipo cualitativa en donde se llevara a cabo la recopilación de información de diversos referentes bibliográficos de los últimos 5 años para darle la validez científica e innovadora al artículo.
De los datos obtenidos y analizados de las fuentes se obtuvo como resultado que la tasa de desempleo para el año 2020 se ubico en un 5%, mientas que para el 2021 fue de 5,20%, es decir se incremento en un 0.20%; mientras que los sectores más afectados fueron: transporte disminuyó en un -2,10%, sector turístico en un -20,20%, construcción de obras -1,60%, sector agrícola en un -2,90%, sector manufacturo en -6.90%, sector de comercio en -0.90%, mientras que el sector de servicios creció en un 43,75% esto debido a las apps dedicadas al servicio a domicilio.
Incremento de estrés y pánico social ante el conocimiento de la pandemia de COVID-19: caso región Puno, 2020
Authors: Duran-Quispe Jhovana , Humpiri-Nuñez Jimy , Apaza-Apaza Jhon 
Published: September 2022

El desarrollo de la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto del conocimiento de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el incremento de estrés y pánico social en el caso de la región Puno – 2020, bajo la hipótesis que señala que la pandemia de COVID-19 ha impactado de forma perjudicial en los niveles de estrés y pánico social, incrementándolos significativamente en el caso de la región Puno, la realización de la misma se basó en el método hipotético deductivo, un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo correlacional y de diseño no experimental, para ello se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple de 317 personas de la región Puno. Para el procesamiento y tabulación de los datos recaudados se utilizaron herramientas estadísticas mediante el programa conocido como SPSS v.24. Finalmente el desarrollo de la investigación llego a la conclusión de que la pandemia ha sido un factor perjudicial para la salud mental de la población puneña, puesto que en esta realidad pandémica que atravesamos las incidencias mentales en los ciudadanos resultan una cuestión de preocupación para el sistema de salud y para los profesionales que están relacionados a ella, pues los efectos en la salud mental mencionada desencadenara una multitud de casos de enfermedades a causa del estrés y pánico.
PELATIHAN DIGITAL MARKETING DALAM MENINGKATKAN JIWA KEWIRAUSAHAAN BAGI KELOMPOK USAHA MIKRO KECIL
Authors: Zuhrufillah Eka Nadya , Mulyanti Kurniawati , Rusham Rusham 
Published: September 2022

Metode yang digunakan dalam hasil observasi wawancara kepada para UMKM di lingkungan Rt 002 terdapat 10 orang. Dalam upaya penggunaan media digital marketing lebih menfaatkan teknologi yang ada saat ini dengan sebaik mungkin tidak hanya sekedar untuk mengunakan yang tidak di perlukan tetapi bisa lebih memanfaatkan untuk mendapatkan peluang bisnis. Tujuannya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pelaku UMKM dalam menggunakan sistem digital marketing yang mempromosikan melalui digital marketing secara onlien dan offline serta memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Dalam memantau program kerja untuk keduanya secara online dan offline serta pelaku UMKM. Serta hasil dari penyuluhan digital marketing ini kepada masyrakat Rt 002 paham akan kurangnya pengetahuan digital marketing serta memasarkan suatu produknya di sosial media, oleh karena itu memperlukan perkembagan usaha berbasis teknologi sehinga dapat mempermudah dalam memperjual belikan suatu produk melaluin online atau offline. Dari hasil pelaksaan progam kuliah kerja nyata kali ini dapat memberikan manfaat untuk para umkm seperti adanya tambahan penghasilan ekonomi untuk para umkm.
kata kunci : umkm, digital marketing
The method used in the observation results of interviews with MSMEs in the Rt 002 environment are 10 people. In an effort to use digital marketing media, use the current technology as well as possible, not just to use what is not needed, but to be able to take more advantage of it to get business opportunities. The goal is to increase the ability of MSME actors to use a digital marketing system that promotes online and offline digital marketing and has a high selling value. In monitoring work programs for both online and offline as well as MSME actors. And the results of this digital marketing counseling to the community of Rt 002 understand the lack of digital marketing knowledge and market a product on social media, therefore it requires technology-based business development so that it can make it easier to trade a product through online or offline. From the results of the implementation of the real work college program this time it can provide benefits for MSMEs such as additional economic income for MSMEs.
keywords: umkm, digital marketing
Micro/mesoporous LTL derived materials for catalytic transfer hydrogenation and acid reactions of bio-based levulinic acid and furanics
Authors: Antunes Margarida M. , Silva Andreia F. , Fernandes Auguste , Ribeiro Filipa , Neves Patrícia , Pillinger Martyn , Valente Anabela A. 
Published: September 2022

The biomass-derived platform chemicals furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) may be converted to α-angelica lactone (AnL) and levulinic acid (LA). Presently, LA (synthesized from carbohydrates) has several multinational market players. Attractive biobased oxygenated fuel additives, solvents, etc., may be produced from AnL and LA via acid and reduction chemistry, namely alkyl levulinates and γ-valerolactone (GVL). In this work, hierarchical hafnium-containing multifunctional Linde type L (LTL) related zeotypes were prepared via top-down strategies, for the chemical valorization of LA, AnL and HMF via integrated catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) and acid reactions in alcohol medium. This is the first report of CTH applications (in general) of LTL related materials. The influence of the post-synthesis treatments/conditions (desilication, dealumination, solid-state impregnation of Hf or Zr) on the material properties and catalytic performances was studied. AnL and LA were converted to 2-butyl levulinate (2BL) and GVL in high total yields of up to ca. 100%, at 200°C, and GVL/2BL molar ratios up to 10. HMF conversion gave mainly the furanic ethers 5-(sec-butoxymethyl)furfural and 2,5-bis(sec-butoxymethyl)furan (up to 63% total yield, in 2-butanol at 200°C/24 h). Mechanistic, reaction kinetics and material characterization studies indicated that the catalytic results depend on a complex interplay of different factors (material properties, type of substrate). The recovered-reused solids performed steadily.
Significant difference of differential expression pyroptosis-related genes and their correlations with infiltrated immune cells in sepsis
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Jiting , Zhang Li , Hu Lingli , Tian Jianhui 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSepsis is regarded as a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome that responds to infection. Pyroptosis, a unique form of programmed cell death, is characterized by inflammatory cytokine secretion. Recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated the relationship between sepsis and pyroptosis. Appropriate pyroptosis can help to control infection during sepsis, but an immoderate one may cause immune disorders. The present study aimed to identify pyroptosis-related gene biomarkers and their relationship with the immune microenvironment using the genome-wide technique.MethodsThe training dataset GSE154918 and the validation dataset GSE185263 were downloaded for bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (DEPRGs) were identified between sepsis (including septic shock) and healthy samples. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore gene function. CIBERSORT tools were applied to quantify infiltrating immune cells, and the correlation between differentially infiltrating immune cells and DEPRG expression was investigated. Furthermore, based on multivariable Cox regression, the study also utilized a random forest (RF) model to screen biomarkers.ResultsIn total, 12 DEPRGs were identified. The expression level of PLCG1 was continuously significantly decreased, while the expression level of NLRC4 was elevated from control to sepsis and then to septic shock. GSEA found that one DEPRG (PLCG1) was involved in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway and that many T cell-related immunologic signature gene sets were enriched. The proportions of plasma cells, T cells CD4 memory activated, and some innate cells in the sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group, while the proportions of T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells regulatory (Tregs), and NK cells were lower. Additionally, CASP4 was positively correlated with Neutrophils and negatively correlated with T cells CD4 memory resting and Tregs. Lastly, two biomarkers (CASP4 and PLCG1) were identified, and a nomogram model was constructed for diagnosis with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.998.ConclusionThis study identified two potential pyroptosis-related diagnostic genes, CASP4 and PLCG1, and explored the correlation between DEPRGs and the immune microenvironment. Also, our study indicated that some DEPRGs were satisfactorily correlated with several representative immune cells that can regulate pyroptosis.
Dynamic electrophysiological mechanism in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Osorio-Jaramillo Emilio , Cox James L. , Klenk Sarah , Kaider Alexandra , Angleitner Philipp , Werner Paul , Strassl Andreas , Mach Markus , Laufer Guenther , Ehrlich Marek P. , Ad Niv 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundImproved understanding of the mechanisms that sustain persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSpAF) is essential for providing better ablation solutions. The findings of traditional catheter-based electrophysiological studies can be impacted by the sedation required for these procedures. This is not required in non-invasive body-surface mapping (ECGI). ECGI allows for multiple mappings in the same patient at different times. This would expose potential electrophysiological changes over time, such as the location and stability of extra-pulmonary vein drivers and activation patterns in sustained AF.Materials and methodsIn this electrophysiological study, 10 open-heart surgery candidates with LSpAF, without previous ablation procedures (6 male, median age 73 years), were mapped on two occasions with a median interval of 11 days (IQR: 8–19) between mappings. Bi-atrial epicardial activation sequences were acquired using ECGI (CardioInsight™, Minneapolis, MN, United States).ResultsBi-atrial electrophysiological abnormalities were documented in all 20 mappings. Interestingly, the anatomic location of focal and rotor activities changed between the mappings in all patients [100% showed changes, 95%CI (69.2–100%), p &lt; 0.001]. Neither AF driver type nor their number varied significantly between the mappings in any patient (median total number of focal activities 8 (IQR: 1–16) versus 6 (IQR: 2–12), p = 0.68; median total number of rotor activities 48 (IQR: 44–67) versus 55 (IQR: 44–61), p = 0.30). However, individual zones showed a high number of quantitative changes (increase/decrease) of driver activity. Most changes of focal activity were found in the left atrial appendage, the region of the left lower pulmonary vein and the right atrial appendage. Most changes in rotor activity were found also at the left lower pulmonary vein region, the upper half of the right atrium and the right atrial appendage.ConclusionThis clinical study documented that driver location and activation patterns in patients with LSpAF changes constantly. Furthermore, bi-atrial pathophysiology was demonstrated, which underscores the importance of treating both atria in LSpAF and the significant role that arrhythmogenic drivers outside the pulmonary veins seem to have in maintaining this complex arrhythmia.
The self-efficacy of private school teachers toward the implementation of inclusive education in Ghana: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Opoku Maxwell Peprah , Nketsia William , Mohamed Ahmed H. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAlthough efforts toward practicing inclusive education have stalled in countries such as Ghana, the available data have mainly centred on enacting inclusive education in public schools. With private schools being notable alternative service providers to public schools, understanding private school teachers’ perceived self-efficacy toward teaching students with disabilities in the classroom is essential.MethodTo develop insights into inclusive practices, a two-phase mixed-methods design was adopted for this study. In the first phase, 82 teachers from six private schools responded to the self-reported Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice (TEIP) scale. In the second phase, there were 10 participants, including principals (n= 3), heads of department (n= 4) and teachers (n= 3). While the quantitative data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis,t-tests, analysis of variance and linear regression, the qualitative data were analysed thematically using the components of the TEIP scale asa priorithemes.ResultThe study confirmed the structural validity of the TEIP scale in measuring teachers’ self-efficacy and the correlations and covariances between efficacy in managing behaviour and performing instruction and collaboration. There was divergence between the quantitative and qualitative data and background variables, such as educational qualifications, pre-service training in inclusive education and participation in professional development, which provided additional insights into the teachers’ self-efficacy.ConclusionThe findings show that some private school teachers teach students with disabilities despite having no confidence in their capabilities. The study findings underscore the need to create more training opportunities for private school teachers to enhance their confidence in practicing inclusive education in schools.
Variation in the VLF signal noise amplitude during the period of intense seismic activity in Central Italy from 25 October to 3 November 2016
Authors: Nina Aleksandra , Biagi Pier Francesco , Pulinets Sergey , Nico Giovanni , Mitrović Srđan T. , Čadež Vladimir M. , Radovanović Milan , Urošev Marko , Popović Luka Č. 
Published: September 2022

Recent research shows reductions in the VLF signal noise amplitude that begin before particular earthquakes whose epicentres are more than 100 km away from the signal propagation path. In this paper, we extend this research to studying the noise amplitude during periods of intense seismic activity in a localized area. We analyse variations in the VLF signal noise amplitude over a period of 10 days (25 October–3 November 2016) when 981 earthquakes with the minimum magnitude of 2 occurred in Central Italy. Out of these events, 31 had the magnitude equal or greater than 4, while the strongest one had the magnitude of 6.5. We observe the VLF signal emitted by the ICV transmitter located in Sardinia (Italy) and recorded in Belgrade (Serbia). Bearing in mind that the trajectory of this signal crosses the area in which the observed earthquakes occurred, we extend the existing research to study of variations in the noise amplitude of the signal propagating at short distances from the epicentres of the considered earthquakes. In addition, we analyse the impact of a large number earthquakes on characteristics of the noise amplitude and its reductions before particular events. In order to examine the localization of the recorded changes, we additionally analysed the noise amplitude of two reference signals emitted in Germany and Norway. The obtained results show the existence of the noise amplitude reduction preceding individual strong or relatively strong earthquakes, and earthquakes followed by others that occurred in a shorter time interval. However, the additional noise amplitude reductions are either not pronounced or they do not exist before the considered events in periods of the reduced noise amplitude remain from previous earthquakes. Reductions in noise amplitudes for all observed signals indicate a larger perturbed area through which they spread or its closer location to the receiver. The analysis of daily values of parameters describing the noise amplitude reveals their variations start up to 2 weeks before the seismically active period occurs.
Effects of dissolved black carbon bound with goethite on physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity for imidacloprid: Adsorption versus coprecipitation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Mingming , Meng Xingying , Shao Yifei , Liu Aiju 
Published: September 2022

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is an important component of natural dissolved organic matter and can bind to iron minerals to form DBC-mineral complexes by adsorption and coprecipitation. However, reports regarding the difference in physicochemical properties between adsorbed and coprecipitated DBC-mineral complexes and their sorption capacity for polar organic pollutants are limited. Herein, goethite (Gt) and the adsorbed and coprecipitated complexes of DBC with Gt (SGt-DBC and CGt-DBC) were prepared, and their physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity for polar imidacloprid (IMI) were determined. The results showed that DBC could efficiently bind to Gt by coprecipitation or adsorption, leading to the aggregation of Gt particles, decreasing SSA, and increasing microporous volume, O-containing functional groups and negative charges. A greater effect was observed in CGt-DBC samples than SGt-DBC samples. CGt-DBC samples could more efficiently adsorb IMI than SGt-DBC samples, and CGt-DBC samples obtained the greatest Qmax with 68.4 mg/kg. The sorption mechanisms mainly involved hydrophobic partitioning, H-bonding, cation-π and p/π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions and electrostatic interactions. Additionally, the greater solution pH and Na+ concentration facilitated IMI adsorption on Gt and Gt-DBC samples; however, the Ca2+ solution obtained the opposite result. This effect on IMI adsorption was more pronounced for CGt-DBC samples. Therefore, the findings of this study provide a deep understanding of the interactions between Gt and DBC by adsorption and coprecipitation and their effect on the sorption of organic pollutants in natural soil and water environments.