bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactose crystallization and Maillard reaction in simulated milk powder based on the change in water activity
Authors: Yan Haixia , Yu Ziyin , Liu Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaillard reaction (MR) and lactose crystallization (LC) are important reactions in the storage of milk powder. In this study, three models with different proteins based on skimmed milk powder were established to investigate the relationship between MR and LC at different water activities (aw). Moisture sorption isotherm, glass transition temperature (Tg), and glycation products were evaluated, and the protein structure and lactose crystallinity were determined. The results indicated that MR product content, browning, and LC subsequently enhanced with the increase in aw. The Tg value dropped lower than 0 at aw 0.43 in whey protein isolate–lactose (WP–Lac) model and at aw 0.54 in casein–whey protein isolate–lactose (CN–WP–Lac) model and casein–lactose (CN–Lac) model. The crystallinity of α‐lactose monohydrate and anhydrous β‐lactose in WP–Lac model was more significant than CN–WP–Lac and CN–Lac models (p < 0.05). The molecular band of whey protein gradually blurred in the Sodium dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis image, and the content of α‐helix of WP–Lac model increased by 45.15% from aw 0.33 to 0.53 (p < 0.05), while that of CN–WP–Lac model increased by only 3.95% (p < 0.05). With the increase in aw, WP–Lac model formed more browning and crystallization products than CN–WP–Lac model, indicating that the presence of micelle macromolecules and the interaction between casein and whey proteins limited the browning and crystallization in CN–WP–Lac model.Practical ApplicationMaillard reaction and lactose crystallization are important reactions in the storage of milk powder, and the result will provide theoretical guidance for the development of milk powder in the food industry.
Impact of direct laryngoscopy vs. videolaryngoscopy on signal quality of recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery: a randomised parallel group trial
Authors: Kriege M. , Hilt J. A. , Dette F. , Wittenmeier E. , Meuser R. , Staubitz J. I. , Musholt T. J. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn thyroid surgery, intra‐operative neuromonitoring signals of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be detected by surface electrodes on a tracheal tube positioned at the vocal fold level. The incidence of difficult tracheal intubation in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for nodular goitre ranges from 5.3% to 20.5%. The aim of this study was to compare videolaryngoscopy with conventional direct laryngoscopy as methods for proper placement of the surface electrode to prevent insufficient intra‐operative nerve signal quality. In this prospective randomised trial, adult patients requiring tracheal intubation during thyroid surgery were randomly allocated to two groups of C‐MAC® (Macintosh style blade) videolaryngoscope or direct laryngoscopy using the Macintosh laryngoscope. Primary outcome was the incidence of insufficient signal electromyogram amplitude level (< 500 μV) after successful tracheal intubation. A total of 260 (130 per group) participants were analysed. An insufficient signal was more frequent with direct laryngoscopy (35/130, 27%), compared with C‐MAC (12/130, 9%, p < 0.001). First‐pass tracheal intubation success rate was lower with direct laryngoscopy (86/130 (66%)) compared with the C‐MAC (125/130 (96%)) (p < 0.0001). Cormack and Lehane grade ≥ 3 was observed more frequently with direct laryngoscopy (16/130 (12%)), compared with the C‐MAC (0/130, (0%)) (p < 0.0001). The results suggest that videolaryngoscopy has an impact on the quality of the initial intra‐operative neuromonitoring signal in patients undergoing thyroid surgery, and this technique can provide optimised surface electrode positioning.
The impact of including a medication review in an integrated care pathway: A pilot study
Authors: Payen Anaïs , Godard‐Sebillotte Claire , Sourial Nadia , Soula Julien , Verloop David , Defebvre Marie‐Marguerite , Dupont Corinne , Dambre Delphine , Lamer Antoine , Beuscart Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe objective of the present study was to measure the impact of the intervention of combining a medication review with an integrated care approach on potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and hospital readmissions in frail older adults.MethodsA cohort of hospitalized older adults enrolled in the French PAERPA integrated care pathway (the exposed cohort) was matched retrospectively with hospitalized older adults not enrolled in the pathway (unexposed cohort) between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2018. The study was an analysis of French health administrative database. The inclusion criteria for exposed patients were admission to an acute care department in a general hospital, age 75 years or over, at least three comorbidities or the prescription of diuretics or oral anticoagulants, discharge alive and performance of a medication review.ResultsFor the study population (n = 582), the mean ± standard deviation age was 82.9 ± 4.9 years, and 380 (65.3%) were women. Depending on the definition used, the overall median number of PIMs ranged from 2 [0;3] on admission to 3 [0;3] at discharge. The intervention was not associated with a significant difference in the mean number of PIMs. Patients in the exposed cohort were half as likely to be readmitted to hospital within 30 days of discharge relative to patients in the unexposed cohort.ConclusionOur results show that a medication review was not associated with a decrease in the mean number of PIMs. However, an integrated care intervention including the medication review was associated with a reduction in the number of hospital readmissions at 30 days.
Boosting Distributional Copula Regression
Authors: Hans Nicolai , Klein Nadja , Faschingbauer Florian , Schneider Michael , Mayr Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Capturing complex dependence structures between outcome variables (e.g., study endpoints) is of high relevance in contemporary biomedical data problems and medical research. Distributional copula regression provides a flexible tool to model the joint distribution of multiple outcome variables by disentangling the marginal response distributions and their dependence structure. In a regression setup, each parameter of the copula model, that is, the marginal distribution parameters and the copula dependence parameters, can be related to covariates via structured additive predictors. We propose a framework to fit distributional copula regression via model-based boosting, which is a modern estimation technique that incorporates useful features like an intrinsic variable selection mechanism, parameter shrinkage and the capability to fit regression models in high-dimensional data setting, that is, situations with more covariates than observations. Thus, model-based boosting does not only complement existing Bayesian and maximum-likelihood based estimation frameworks for this model class but rather enables unique intrinsic mechanisms that can be helpful in many applied problems. The performance of our boosting algorithm for copula regression models with continuous margins is evaluated in simulation studies that cover low- and high-dimensional data settings and situations with and without dependence between the responses. Moreover, distributional copula boosting is used to jointly analyze and predict the length and the weight of newborns conditional on sonographic measurements of the fetus before delivery together with other clinical variables.
A plant‐derived glucocorticoid receptor modulator with potency to attenuate the side effects of glucocorticoid therapy
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Gao Jian , Yu Ying , Zhou Lin , Wang Miao , Xue Wenwen , Liu Bo , Wu Xudong , Wu Xuefeng , Gao Huiyuan , Shen Yan , Xu Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Background and purposeContinuous efforts have been made to move towards maintaining the beneficial anti‐inflammatory functions of glucocorticoids (GCs) while minimizing side effects. Here, we investigated the selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulator‐like properties of a plant‐derived compound caesaldekarin e (CA‐e).Experimental approachThe therapeutic efficacy of CA‐e was evaluated in several mouse models, including dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis, ovalbumin‐induced lung allergic inflammation, imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation and skin atrophy. The action of CA‐e targeting the GR was analysed using molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assays and microscale thermophoresis. Other methods included DNA–protein pull‐down assays and mass spectrometry.Key resultsCA‐e selectively inhibited positive GC response element ((+) GRE)‐mediated direct transactivation while maintaining and even enhancing the anti‐inflammatory effects of treatment with dexamethasone. CA‐e, alone and in combination with dexamethasone, efficiently alleviated inflammation in several mouse models with milder side effects compared with dexamethasone alone. Mechanistically, CA‐e inhibited the formation of dimers by binding to the dimerization interface located in the ligand‐binding domain of GR and facilitated embryonic ectoderm development that is involved in the regulation of transcriptional repression to compete for binding to (+) GRE, eventually leading to the repression of (+) GRE‐regulated genes. In addition, CA‐e repressed NF‐κB‐dependent genes by enhancing the interaction between GR and p65.Conclusions and implicationsOur results reveal that CA‐e is a novel GR modulator with strong potency to attenuate the side effects of GC therapy and can be used as a potential molecular tool for deciphering GR signalling.
Icariside II preconditioning evokes robust neuroprotection against ischaemic stroke, by targeting Nrf2 and the OXPHOS/NF‐κB/ferroptosis pathway
Authors: Gao Jianmei , Ma Congjian , Xia Dianya , Chen Nana , Zhang Jianyong , Xu Fan , Li Fei , He Yuqi , Gong Qihai 
Published: September 2022

Background and PurposeAstrocytic nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a potential therapeutic target of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). Icariside II (ICS II) is a naturally occurring flavonoid derived from Herba Epimedii with Nrf2 induction potency. This study was designed to clarify if exposure to ICS II mimicks IPC neuroprotection and if Nrf2 from astrocytes contributes to ICS II preconditioning against ischaemic stroke.Experimental ApproachMice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‐induced focal cerebral ischaemia and primary astrocytes challenged with oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) were used to explore the neuroprotective effect of ICS II preconditioning. Additionally, Nrf2‐deficient mice were pretreated with ICS II to determine whether ICS II exerts its neuroprotection by activating Nrf2.Key ResultsICS II pretreatment mitigated cerebral injury in the mouse model of ischaemic stroke along with improving long‐term recovery. Furthermore, proteomics screening identified Nrf2 as a crucial gene evoked by ICS II treatment and required for the anti‐oxidative effect and anti‐inflammatory effect of ICS II. Also, ICS II directly bound to Nrf2 and reinforced the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 after MCAO. Moreover, ICS II pretreatment exerted cytoprotective effects on astrocyte cultures following lethal OGD exposure, by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activating the OXPHOS/NF‐κB/ferroptosis axis, while neuroprotection was decreased in Nrf2‐deficient mice and Nrf2 siRNA blocked effects of ICS II.Conclusion and ImplicationsICS II preconditioning provides robust neuroprotection against ischaemic stroke via the astrocytic Nrf2‐mediated OXPHOS/NF‐κB/ferroptosis axis. Thus, ICS II could be a promising Nrf2 activator to treat ischaemic stroke.
The standardisation of uveitis nomenclature (SUN) project
Authors: Jabs Douglas A. , McCluskey Peter , Palestine Alan G. , Thorne Jennifer E. , The Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Gr  
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe uveitides are a collection of over 30 diseases characterised by intraocular inflammation. Previous work demonstrated that the agreement among uveitis experts on diagnosis was modest at best with some pairs of experts having chance alone agreement on selected diseases. The Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) is a17‐year collaboration among experts in uveitis, ocular image grading, informatics, and machine learning to improve clinical and translational uveitis research. The SUN “Developing Classification Criteria for the Uveitides” project used a rigorous, multi‐phase approach to develop classification criteria for 25 of the most common uveitic diseases. The project's phases were: (1) informatics; (2) case collection; (3) case selection; (4) machine learning; and (5) consensus review and publication. The results were classification criteria with a high degree of accuracy (93.3%–99.3% depending on anatomic class of the uveitis), the goal of which is to form the basis for future uveitis research.
Patient, family members and community pharmacists' views of a proposed overdose prevention intervention delivered in community pharmacies for patients prescribed high‐strength opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain: An explorative intervention development study
Authors: Mercer Fiona , Parkes Tessa , Foster Rebecca , Steven Deborah , McAuley Andrew , Baldacchino Alexander , Steele Wez , Schofield Joe , Matheson Catriona 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite opioid prescribing for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) having limited therapeutic benefits, recent evidence indicates significant increases in the prescribing of high‐strength opioids for individuals with CNCP. Patients prescribed opioids for CNCP have overdose risk factors but generally have low opioid overdose awareness and low perceptions of risk related to prescribed opioids. Currently, there are few bespoke overdose prevention resources for this group.MethodsThis qualitative study investigated views on a naloxone intervention for people prescribed high‐strength opioids for CNCP delivered via community pharmacies. The intervention included overdose risk awareness and naloxone training and provision. Interviews were conducted with eight patients, four family members and two community pharmacists. Participants were convenience sampled and recruited through networks within the Scottish pain community. The Framework approach was used to analyse findings.ResultsAll participants had positive attitudes towards the intervention, but patients and family members considered risk of overdose to be very low. Three themes were identified: potential advantages of the intervention; potential barriers to the intervention; and additional suggestions and feedback about the intervention. Advantages included the intervention providing essential overdose information for CNCP patients. Barriers included resource and time pressures within community pharmacies.Discussion and ConclusionWhile patients had low overdose knowledge and did not see themselves as being at risk of opioid overdose, they were receptive to naloxone use and positive about the proposed intervention. A feasibility trial is merited to further investigate how the intervention would be experienced within community pharmacy settings.
Endoscopic resection for gastric submucosal tumors: Japanese multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Shichijo Satoki , Abe Nobutsugu , Takeuchi Hirohisa , Ohata Ken , Minato Yohei , Hashiguchi Kazutoshi , Hirasawa Kingo , Kayaba Shoichi , Shinkai Hirohiko , Kobara Hideki , Yamashina Takeshi , Ishida Tsukasa , Chiba Hideyuki , Ono Hiroyuki , Mori Hirohito , Uedo Noriya 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesLimited information is available on the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection (ER) of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) in Japanese endoscopic practice where ER for gastric tumors is extremely popular.MethodsWe conducted this study to elucidate the current scenario of ER for gastric SMTs in Japanese endoscopic practice. Patients (from 12 institutions) with gastric SMTs who underwent ER were enrolled from the first case until August 2020.ResultsWe enrolled 117 patients with 118 lesions. The number of patients who underwent ER increased over the years. The mean endoscopic tumor size was 20 ± 7.2 (8–40) mm. The growth type was primarily intraluminal (90%). The mean resection and wound closure times were 58 ± 38 (range, 12–254) min and 31 ± 41 (range, 3–330) min, respectively. Complete ER was achieved for 117 (99%) lesions. Full‐thickness resection rate was 44%; however, only 12 (10%) patients required abdominal paracentesis for decompression. Endoscopic treatments were completed in 115 (97%) lesions, while three lesions required conversions to laparoscopic surgery due to luminal collapse, uncontrolled bleeding, and difficulty in defect closure. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors were the most common pathology (74%). No recurrence was observed during the mean follow‐up period of 4.3 ± 2.9 years. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 98.9% (95% confidence interval 97.8–100%).ConclusionPerformance of ER for gastric SMTs is increasing in Japan. The technique seems feasible in Japanese endoscopic practice, warranting further validation in a prospective study.
Ecology and evolution of competitive trait variation in natural phytoplankton communities under selection
Authors: Gallego Irene , Narwani Anita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCompetition for limited resources is a major force in structuring ecological communities. Species minimum resource requirements (R*s) can predict competitive outcomes and evolve under selection in simple communities under controlled conditions. However, whether R*s predict competitive outcomes or demonstrate adaptive evolution in naturally complex communities is unknown. We subjected natural phytoplankton communities to three types of resource limitation (nitrogen, phosphorus, light) in outdoor mesocosms over 10 weeks. We examined the community composition weekly and isolated 21 phytoplankton strains from seven species to quantify responses to the selection of R* for these resources. We investigated the evolutionary change in R*s in the dominant species, Desmodesmus armatus. R*s were good predictors of species changes in relative abundance, though this was largely driven by the success of D. armatus across several treatments. This species also demonstrated an evolutionary change in R*s under resource limitation, supporting the potential for adaptive trait change to modify competitive outcomes in natural communities.
Hsa_circ_0012919 promotes pyroptosis in CD4+T cells of systemic lupus erythematous by miR‐125a‐3p/GSDMD axis
Authors: Zhang Chengzhong , Zhang Chao , Huang Chen , Ji Jie , Liu Jia , Lu Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe etiology of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) remains unclear. Pyroptosis, a new model of programmed cell death, was poorly explored in the pathogenesis of SLE. We found cell pyroptosis in CD4+T cells of SLE patients and kidneys from MRL/lpr mice by examining caspase‐1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in by RT‐PCR, Western blot, and levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18 and TNF‐α were detected by RT‐PCR and Elisa. Expression of caspase‐1 and GSDMD and levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, TNF‐α decreased significantly after downregulation of hsa_circ_0012919 (p < 0.05). Inhibition of miR‐125a‐3p enhanced expression of caspase‐1 and GSDMD (p < 0.05), and increased the release of IL‐1β, IL‐18 and TNF‐α (p < 0.05), thereby counteracting the effect of hsa_circ_0012919 knockdown on pyroptosis. Finally, we identified GSDMD as the target gene of miR‐125a‐3p. Silencing GSDMD reversed the effect of 5‐aza‐deoxycytidine in increasing release of IL‐1β, IL‐18, TNF‐α and activating caspase‐1, but it could be reversed by miR‐125a‐3p inhibitor. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0012919 regulated the pyroptosis in the CD4+ T cells of SLE patients by miR‐125a‐3p/GSDMD axis.
Evaluation and ranking of failures in manufacturing process by combining best‐worst method and VIKOR under type‐2 fuzzy environment
Authors: Aleksić Aleksandar , Milanović Dragan D. , Komatina Nikola , Tadić Danijela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne of the important and persistent problems that engineers face in the automotive industry is the reliability of production equipment. This research promotes a new fuzzy multicriteria model for determining the priority of failures in an exact manner. In this way, the decision makers can determine the management activities whose application should result in enhanced manufacturing process reliability, promptly. The analysis of failures is based on Failure mode and effects analysis that is extended with added risk factors, which represents the incremental improvement compared to the current literature sources. The relative importance of risk factors and their values are presented by pre‐defined linguistic expressions modelled by the interval type‐2 fuzzy numbers. The assessment of risk factors' relative importance is set as a fuzzy group decision‐making problem. The weights vector is determined by using the extended Best‐Worst Method. The rank of failures is obtained by employing the modified VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija i kompromisno Resenje (Eng. Multi‐criteria optimization and compromise solution) which reflects the scientific contribution of the research, and simultaneously, the second incremental improvement of the proposed model compared to the existing state of the art. These incremental improvements are: (i) The fuzzy algebra rules have been used for determining the group utility value and (ii) and individual regret value is determined by comparing the two interval type‐2 fuzzy numbers. The model testing and verification are performed on real data in an automotive supply chain.
Study on fatigue crack propagation behavior of TA15 titanium alloy repaired by laser deposition repair
Authors: Zhou Song , An Jinlan , Wang Xiangming , Xie Li‐yang , Xu Xingyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fatigue crack propagation behavior of TA15 titanium alloy repaired by laser deposition was studied based on the service reliability of aviation parts repaired by laser deposition. Forged TA15 titanium alloy was repaired by two methods including body‐repairing and surface‐repairing. The results show that the fatigue crack propagation rate of the surface‐repairing specimens is lower than that of the wrought specimens, and the fatigue crack propagation rate of the wrought specimens is lower than that of the body‐repairing specimens. The fatigue crack propagation rate depends on microstructure. In the surface‐repairing specimen, the crack propagates simultaneously along bimodal, heat‐affected region and basket‐weave structure. The basket‐weave structure effectively impedes the crack to propagate, which leads to fatigue crack propagation rate decrease. The wrought TA15 titanium alloy is bimodal structure, and the crack propagates mainly along the boundary of primary α phase which leads to form long crack. And in the body‐repairing specimen, the crack propagates in heat‐affected region with low strength leading to high fatigue crack propagation rate.