bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workflow to develop 3D designed personalized neonatal CPAP masks using iPhone structured light facial scanning
Authors: Kamath Amika A. , Kamath Marielle J. , Ekici Selin , Stans Anna Sofia , Colby Christopher E. , Matsumoto Jane M. , Wylam Mark E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a common mode of respiratory support used in neonatal intensive care units. In preterm infants, nasal CPAP (nCPAP) therapy is often delivered via soft, biocompatible nasal mask suitable for long-term direct-skin contact and held firmly against face. Limited sizes of nCPAP mask contribute to mal-fitting related complications and adverse outcomes in this fragile population. We hypothesized that custom-fit nCPAP masks will improve the fit with less skin pressure and strap tension improving efficacy and reducing complications associated with nCPAP therapy in neonates.
Methods
After IRB approval and informed consent we evaluated several methods to develop 3D facial models to test custom 3D nCPAP masks. These methods included camera-based photogrammetry, laser scanning and structured light scanning using a Bellus3D Face Camera Pro and iPhone X running either Bellus3D FaceApp for iPhone, or Heges application. This data was used to provide accurate 3D neonatal facial models. Using CAD software nCPAP inserts were designed to be placed between proprietary nCPAP mask and the model infant’s face. The resulted 3D designed nCPAP mask was form fitted to the model face. Subsequently, nCPAP masks were connected to a ventilator to provide CPAP and calibrated pressure sensors and co-linear tension sensors were placed to measures skin pressure and nCPAP mask strap tension.
Results
Photogrammetry and laser scanning were not suited to the neonatal face. However, structured light scanning techniques produced accurate 3D neonatal facial models. Individualized nCPAP mask inserts manufactured using 3D printed molds and silicon injection were effective at decreasing surface pressure and mask strap pressure in some cases by more than 50% compared to CPAP masks without inserts.
Conclusions
We found that readily available structured light scanning devices such as the iPhoneX are a low cost, safe, rapid, and accurate tool to develop accurate models of preterm infant facial topography. Structured light scanning developed 3D nCPAP inserts applied to commercially available CPAP masks significantly reduced skin pressure and strap tension at clinically relevant CPAP pressures when utilized on model neonatal faces. This workflow maybe useful at producing individualized nCPAP masks for neonates reducing complications due to malfit.
Effect of postbiotic supplementation containing heat-killed Lactobacillus salivarius modulates on body weight associated with gut microbiota in a pig model
Authors: Ryu Sangdon , Kyoung Hyunjin , Park Kyeong Il , Oh Sangnam , Song Minho , Kim Younghoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For decades, Lactobacillus has been extensively used as beneficial probiotics because it positively effects on the intestinal health of the host and has been studying its possible serve to treat obesity as well as various diseases. This research aimed to investigate the effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus salivarius 189 (HK LS 189) supplementation on anti-obesity and gut microbiota. A total of 48 pigs were fed either a basal diet or a diet supplemented with HK LS 189 for 4 weeks. The impact of HK LS 189 supplementation on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota was revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. HK LS 189 supplementation significantly decreased growth performance. Moreover, HK LS 189 supplementation altered the gut microbiota of the pigs by decreasing the proportion of Prevotella and increasing the proportion of Parabacteroides. Beta-diversity analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups. The results support the potential use of HK LS 189 for its anti-obesity effect in pigs through modulation of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we found changes in the functional pathways of the gut microbiota. The functional pathway study indicated that metabolism and lipid metabolism differed between the two groups. Our data may contribute to understanding the potential use of HK LS 189 for improving the anti-obesity effects.
AIM2 is an potential biomarker associated with the Immune-active Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling and PANoptosis in skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Long ShengYong , Zhang Xuan Fen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds:Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a crucial developmental regulator for innate immune responses and recent reports suggest its vital function in the process of cancer development and progression, however, the mutations, copy number variations (CNV), methylation, and relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME), along with the underlying molecular biological processes, remain unclear. Methods: the mutations, CNVs, and methylation patterns of AIM2 in patients with skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) were systematically analyzed in this study. Its effects on TME, immunotherapy, and prognoses of SKCM patients were also investigated. According to the findings of the multifactorial Cox regression analysis, a prognostic alignment diagram-based model was constructed. Results: The findings showed that AIM2 expression differed significantly in patients with SKCM. The CNVs and gene methylation patterns affected the level of AIM2 expression, and genetic alterations could influence the tumor immunophenotype. The prognostic alignment diagram model had better predictive efficacy and may improve survival rates in patients. The elevated expression of AIM2 led to enhanced immune responses in SKCM patients and could induce cellular pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necrosis. AIM2 could promote CD8+ T-cell infiltration by activating the PANoptosis pathway and M1 macrophage polarization., and this may be a possible mechanism of its action. In addition, significant associations of AIM2 expression with hot tumor, tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint-related genes, and microsatellite instability (MSI), were observed. Conclusions:AIM2 is associated with increased abundance of effector CD8+ T-cells, positive responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment, and improved prognoses. Therefore, it could be a putative enhancer and prognostic biomarker for the treatment of SKCM.
Machine Learning-based ABA treatmentrecommendation and personalization for AutismSpectrum Disorder: An exploratory study
Authors: kohli Manu , AP Prathosh , Kar Arpan Kumar , BANGALORE Anjali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Autism spectrum is a brain development conditionthat impairs an individual’s capacity tocommunicate socially and manifests itself throughstrict routines and obsessive-compulsive behavior.Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is thegold-standard treatment for autism spectrumdisorder (ASD). However, as the number of ASDcases increases, there is a substantial shortage oflicensed ABA practitioners, limiting the timelyformulation, revision, and implementation oftreatment plans and goals. Additionally, thesubjectivity of the clinician and a lack ofdata-driven decision-making affect treatmentquality. We address these obstacles by applying twomachine learning algorithms to recommend andpersonalize ABA treatment goals for 29 studyparticipants with ASD. The patient similarity andcollaborative filtering methods predicted ABAtreatment with an average accuracy of 81-84percent, with a normalized discounted cumulativegain of 79-81 percent (NDCG) compared toclinician-prepared ABA treatmentrecommendations. Additionally, we assess the twomodels’ treatment efficacy (TE) by measuring thepercentage of recommended treatment goalsmastered by the study participants. The proposedtreatment recommendation and personalizationstrategy are generalizable to other interventionmethods in addition to ABA and for other braindisorders. This study has been registered as aclinical trial on November 5, 2020 with trailregistration number CTRI/2020/11/028933
Tanshione IIA reduces AQP4 over-clustering in the plasma membrane and astrocyte swelling after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation by inhibition of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/IL-6 pro-inflammatory axis
Authors: Tang Zhaohua , Yang Gang , Liao Zhengbu , Chen Feilan , Chen Song , Liu Mengqi , Wang Wentao , Huo Gang , Sun Xiaochuan , Wang Xiaoshu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Tanshione IIA (TSO IIA) has emerged as a powerful anti-inflammatory compound with multiple therapeutic properties. Here, we investigated the role of TSO IIA in astrocytic swelling caused by ischemia and reperfusion-like injury in an in vitro model and the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods: Primary brain astrocytes were cultured in vitro in conditions of glucose and oxygen deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). We investigated the effects of TSO IIA treatment on cell swelling and injury, and the expression levels of AQP4 protein in the plasma membrane. We then studied the involvement of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/IL-6 pro-inflammatory axis in TSO IIA-mediated protection. Results: Treatment with TSO IIA alleviated OGD/R-induced astrocytic swelling, changes in cell morphology and ultrastructure, the release of LDH, and the over-clustering of AQP4 protein in the plasma membrane. In addition, TSO-IIA significantly reduced over-expression of HMGB1 protein in the cytoplasm and surrounding medium, the high levels of NF-κB protein in the nucleus, and of IL-6 protein in cytoplasm and extracellular media induced by OGD/R. Combination of TSO IIA and recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) reversed these effects. Inhibition of RAGE, the receptor of HMGB1, via administration of FPS-ZM1 (a RAGE antagonist) induced similar results to those of TSO IIA. In addition, exogenous IL-6 reversed TSO IIA-mediated effect on AQP4 protein clustering in the plasma membrane, cell swelling and LDH activity.Conclusions: TSO IIA significantly reduced astrocyte swelling after OGD/R injury in vitro, via blocking activation of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/IL-6 pro-inflammatory axis and thereby decreasing the expression of AQP4 in plasma membrane.
Burkitt's lymphoma of the ovary mimicking ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Jie , Xi Ling , Chen Xin yuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in female adults is rare; the initial presentation of BL as an ovarian tumour is even rarer. A 30-year-old woman presented to the clinic with complaints of distention and went on exploratory laparotomy. Pathological examination showed the final diagnosis as BL. Then the patient commenced seven cycles of chemotherapy for one year and received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The patient remained disease-free for six years and has kept follow-up since then. This study offers insights into the clinical features and prognosis factors in primary ovarian Burkitt’s lymphoma patients.
Accurate magnetic field imaging using nanodiamond quantum sensors enhanced by machine learning
Authors: Tsukamoto Moeta , Ito Shuji , Ogawa Kensuke , Ashida Yuto , Sasaki Kento , Kobayashi Kensuke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nanodiamonds can be excellent quantum sensors for local magnetic field measurements. We demonstrate magnetic field imaging with high accuracy of 1.8 µT combining nanodiamond ensemble (NDE) and machine learning without any physical models. We discover the dependence of the NDE signal on the field direction, suggesting the application of NDE for vector magnetometry and the improvement of the existing model. Our method enhances the NDE performance sufficiently to visualize nano-magnetism and mesoscopic current and expands the applicability of NDE in arbitrarily shaped materials, including living organisms. This accomplishment bridges machine learning to quantum sensing for accurate measurements.
OBSCN as biomarker for evaluating tumor mutation burden and anti-tumor immunity in Stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Enjun , Liu Xuxu , Yang Yang , He Yuanhang , Xue Dongbo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Somatic mutations are strongly linked to cancer. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), PD-L1, and CTLA-4 are considered to be important biomarkers for selecting patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Nonetheless, whether specific gene mutations are related to prognosis, TMB, sensitivity to ICIs, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells remains unclear.Methods: Mutation data for STAD are derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Mutation data were analyzed by R software to calculate gene mutation frequency and TMB. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log rank test assessed patient prognosis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors. The limma package of R software was used for differential analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed by GSEA4.1.0. TISIDB was used to validate the correlation of OBSCN mutations with immune cell infiltration in STAD TME.Results: 16 genes both mutated in TCGA and ICGC. Although all of the 16 genes mutations are correlated to high TMB, only patients with OBSCN mutation enjoyed a better prognosis in STAD. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that OBSCN mutation was an independent predictor for prognosis in STAD patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that OBSCN mutations were mainly related to peroxisome, MTORC1 signaling, and Oxidative phosphorylation. Then, compared with the OBSCN wild type (WT) group, four genes in the OBSCN mutant type (MT) group are up-regulated, and 26 genes are down-regulated. Finally, we observed higher infiltration of T cell follicular helper, NK cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, CD8+ T cells, central memory CD8+ T cells, and activated CD4+ T cells but lower mast cells in the OBSCN MT group. Additionally, we found STAD patients with OBSCN mutation are more sensitive to ICIs treatment and certain chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Docetaxel, which are most commonly used for STAD.Conclusions: OBSCN mutations serve as a biomarker for predicting STAD prognosis and sensitivity to ICIs and are associated with anti-tumor immunity.
Expansion of C4 vegetation and wildfire intensification during the late Cenozoic caused atmospheric CO2 drawdown
Authors: Ghosh Prosenjit , S Thamizharasan , Nair Nisha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The late Cenozoic [6.8 to 0.5 Ma] vegetation ecosystem preferred to hatch slack photosynthetic C4 pathways1,2 and witnessed intense wildfire activity3–5. Modern-day such ecosystems are considered as potential atmospheric CO2 pumps due to their ability to enhance erosion rate and rapid burial of charcoal of terrestrial origin 6–8. However, their role has never been considered in the context of the Late Cenozoic CO2 drawdown. Here, we showed evidence of C4 vegetation expansion, intense wildfire activities, and consequent shift in the soil erosion rate during Late Cenozoic based on terrestrial organic carbon (TOC) stable isotope, clay fixed ammonium stable nitrogen isotope, and its mean accumulation rate (MAR) from the sediments of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 362 site U1480, Nicobar fan. Our result suggests that the Plio-Pleistocene boundary ecosystem recorded 22% more C4 vegetation and 2.5 times more wildfire-associated erosion rate than the Late Miocene. We exhibit the yield of both processes on ⁓150ppm drop-in pCO2 during the Plio-Pleistocene boundary through an 11% rise in silicate mineral reactivity and 2.3 times terrestrial organic carbon burial. These estimates are based on a reappraisal of global seawater 87Sr/86Sr ratio and TOC MAR at the present study site. Overall, our results demonstrate that C4 vegetational expansion and wildfire are likely to function in silicate mineral reactivity and terrestrial organic burial during Late Cenozoic. We anticipate our results serve as a premise for further investigations into the linkage between global wildfire occurrences in driving C4 vegetational abundances and climate change.
Prognostic role of Quantification of Circulating RNA (PDGFRβ) Fragments as Tumor Markers in serum of Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Babaei Ali , Doust Hadi Mohammad , Dashti Vahid , Rezapour Taha Mohammad , Mohammadi Fatemeh Nour , Raeisalsadati Seyedehsara , Salimi Alireza , Abbaspour Alireza , Salarinia Reza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Very deadly esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with a wide distribution in Iran and China and with poor overall survival. Most EC patients are at the metastatic stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. So, effective non-invasive biomarkers are still needed for the early diagnosis of this malignancy. In this study, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) was selected for further validation as a candidate biomarker for EC diagnosis and prognosis.Methods: Serum from 83 individuals (33 patients with EC and 50 normal volunteer controls) were collected. RNAs of the specimens were extracted and their levels of PDGFRβ gene expression were measured by real-time PCR.Results. The results demonstrated that the expression of PDGFRβ in the sample of the case group is higher in comparison with the control group (fold change= 1.12 ،p=0.03).Conclusions. According to our results, the evaluation of serum RNAs including beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor mRNA could help to achieve a non-invasive, rapid diagnostic method and ultimately earlier treatment of EC. Further studies in this field are necessary to find the appropriate diagnostic and differential pattern of esophageal cancer.
Status of decent work for women in the informal RMG sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Md. Aminul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research analyzes the prospects of decent working conditions in the informal RMG sector, focusing on women. The study is conducted among three types of informal sector RMG workers. At first the study tries to define the formal and informal RMG sector and then tries establishing the relationship among formal, informal and associated RMG sector in Bangladesh. Embroidery and Accessories are associated industry with high female concentration, and these industries work as backward linkage industry for both informal and formal RMG factory and Jhut works as a forward linkage industry. In terms of practicing labor rights and freedom of expression workers have no scope, workers face discrimination in equal opportunities for promotion at workplaces. Increasing child labor, especially adolescent girls, is more involved in Jhut factories. Less government monitoring and documentation, less scope for workers to prove their experience and skills, lack of compliances, illegal factories, less presence of development organizations to support workers are some of the major constraints. A better monitoring system, implementation of child labor law, financial protection of workers, large scale skill development programs, awareness raising programs for both workers and owners, involvement of local government can help to ensure the decent work in informal RMG sector.
Effects of CYP1A2 Polymorphisms on the Steady-State Plasma Concentrations of Aripiprazole and Its Active Metabolite, Dehydroaripiprazole, in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Nagai Goyo , Mihara Kazuo , Tomori Yoko , Kagawa Shoko , Nakamura Akifumi , Nemoto Kenji , Kondo Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The authors studied the effects of two cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 polymorphisms, CYP1A2*C (-3860G > A) and CYP1A2*F (-163C > A), on the steady-state plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole, in 89 patients with schizophrenia (46 males and 43 females).
Methods
All patients had been receiving fixed doses of aripiprazole for at least 2 weeks. The daily doses were 24 mg (n = 56) and 12 mg (n = 33). No other drugs except biperiden and flunitrazepam were coadministered. The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole were measured using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. These CYP1A2 polymorphisms were identified by PCR analyses.
Results
The mean concentration/dose ratios of dehydroaripiprazole were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in patients with two mutated alleles of CYP1A2*F than in those without mutated alleles. No differences were found in the values of aripiprazole and the combination of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole among CYP1A*2F variants. There were no differences in the values of aripiprazole, dehydroaripiprazole, or the combination of the 2 compounds among CYP1A*C variants. Multiple regression analyses including the polymorphisms of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, age, sex, and smoking habits showed that the number of mutated alleles for CYP1A2*F was negatively correlated with the mean concentration/dose ratios of dehydroaripiprazole (standardized partial correlation coefficients = -0.276, P < 0.01).
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that the CYP1A2*F polymorphism at least partially contributes to the variability in the steady-state plasma concentration of dehydroaripiprazole.
Variability studies on Fusarium sp. complex causing Pigeonpea wilt in India
Authors: Reddy B. Deepak ,   B. Kumar1, Yashaswini Gummudala , Karthik Somala , Reddy M.S. Sai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

A total of 50 Fusarium isolates were collected from major pigeonpea growing states of India and studied for cultural and morphological characters. Among 50 isolates, a total of 30 isolates were selected based on their cultural and morphological characters and studied for pathogenic variability on eight pigeonpea (ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2, ICP 9174 ICP 8863, ICP 2376 and BAHAR) differential genotypes. Among eight genotypes, the four genotypes namely ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2 reacted differentially to isolates and not much consistent in their pathogenicity, however two genotypes ICP 9174 and ICP 8863 exhibited resistant reactions and two genotypes ICP 2376 and BAHAR exhibited consistent susceptibility to wilt disease and could differentiate the 30 Fusarium isolates into six pathogenic variants (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Among 6 variants, maximum distribution of Fusarium variants was noticed in Bihar and Telangana (4 variants in each state) followed by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Uttar Pradesh and, Maharashtra (2 variants) and one variant each in New Delhi and Jharkhand states. The ITS-rDNA sequencing 23 Fusarium isolates of revealed that Fusarium udum (65.21) was the dominant species causing pigeonpea wilt in India followed by Fusarium solani (21.7) and Fusarium equiseti (13.04). The results of present study were notable in terms of Fusarium variants, which might be used to deploy location specific wilt resistant cultivars for improved disease management tactics. This study will also aid in the development of broad- based pigeonpea wilt resistant varieties to supress potential epidemics.