bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust
Authors: Colton Hayley , Hodgson David , Hornsby Hailey , Brown Rebecca , Mckenzie Joanne , Bradley Kirsty L. , James Cameron , Lindsey Benjamin B. , Birch Sarah , Marsh Louise , Wood Steven , Bayley Martin , Dickson Gary , James David C. , Nicklin Martin J. , Sayers Jon R. , Zafred Domen , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. , Kudesia Goura , Kucharski Adam ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Darton Thomas C. , de Silva Thushan I. , Collini Paul J. 
Published: June 2022

Background: We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. Methods: HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. We developed an in-house ELISA for testing participant serum for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein. Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. Results: Our in-house assay had a sensitivity of 99·47% and specificity of 99·56%. We found that 24·4% (n=311/1275) of HCWs were seropositive as of 12th June 2020. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0–52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4–56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. Conclusions: HCWs in acute medical units and those working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more severe COVID-19 cases.
A CRIMEAN TATAR LEGEND: WHY IS THE BLACK SEA WAVY?
Authors: KÜÇÜK Abonoz 
Published: June 2022

The Black Sea which is an iner sea, extends in the southeast of European, between Balkan and Anatolia Penin sula and eastern Europe plains and Caucasia, in the east-west direction. The Black Sea that has been besieged by great civilizations and nations throughout history, has a great importance in terms of world history as well as the history of the region. The Black Sea, which brings life to many civilizations and nations with its strategic location and economy, has been the subject of many narrative species with this feature. In narrative species, The Black Sea stands out for its beauty, abundance, generosity and anchovy as well as its harshness.
The Black Sea, which is the source of hope, life, abundance and fertility, sometimes the journeys and beliefs that are not returned, is combative and wavy. His frustration seems to have spread to the nations around it. The harshness and wavy of the Black Sea has been one of the leading themes of narrative species. Some legends have tried to explain this ferocity and being wavy of the Black Sea. Of course, there has to a cause of this brutality and being wavy of the Black Sea. What is the cause of the sudden outburst of the Black Sea? Who or what has made it so mad-minded? The traditional world view that seeing generally the whole nature, in paricular the Black Sea as a living being, must answer this questions. In fact, it is seen that some narratives have been created to find answers to this question. One of these narrations is the legend named “Why is the Black Sea Wavy?”, which is from Crimean Tatars.
The legend, “Why the Black Sea is Wavy?” will be tried to be interpreted on the basis of the perceptions, interpretations and definitions of the traditional world view.
Region matters: Mapping the contours of undernourishment among children in Odisha, India
Authors: Nambiar Apoorva , Agnihotri Satish B. , Singh Ashish , Arunachalam Dharmalingam 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLevels of child undernutrition and its correlates exhibit considerable spatial variation at different levels of granularity. In India, such variations and their interrelation have not been studied at the sub-district level primarily due to the non-availability of good quality granular data. Given the sheer regional diversity in India, it is essential to develop a region-specific evidence base at the micro-level.Data and objectivesThe current study utilised, for the first time, a sub-district level survey data (Concurrent Child Monitoring Survey-II, 2014–15) to investigate the statistically significant clusters and spatial patterns of burden of undernutrition among children. The emergence of distinct patterns at the level of natural geographical regions of the state–coastal, southern and northern regions, lead to a region-specific analysis to measure the impact of various demographic, socio-economic and maternal factors on the prevalence of undernutrition specific to the three regions, using the National Family Health Survey-IV unit-level data.MethodsThe spatial dependence and clustering of child undernourishment across sub-districts in Odisha were studied using various spatial statistical techniques, including spatial econometric models. Binary logistic regression was applied in the region-specific analysis.ResultsFindings indicated statistically significant spatial clustering of undernutrition among children in specific geographic pockets with poor sanitation, low institutional and skilled deliveries, poor maternal health reinforcing the need for inter-sectoral coordination. Disparities across the three natural-regions, suggest that the parameters requiring priority for intervention may differ across levels of overall development.ConclusionThe spatial clustering of different socio-demographic indicators in specific geographic pockets highlights the differential impact of these determinants on child undernutrition thereby reinforcing a strong need for targeted intervention in these areas. Present analysis and the evidence-based micro-level analysis can be utilised as a model for other Indian states and low-resource countries, making interventions more effective through multiple, synergistic and a multi-sectoral approach.
Dynamic blood oxygen indices in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: A cohort study
Authors: Bracegirdle Luke , Jackson Alexander , Beecham Ryan , Burova Maria , Hunter Elsie , Hamilton Laura G. , Pandya Darshni , Morden Clare , Grocott Michael P. W. , Cumpstey Andrew , Dushianthan Ahilanandan ,   the REACT COVID-19 Investigators
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAcute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) is a hallmark of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and often requires supplementary oxygen therapy. Critically ill COVID-19 patients may require invasive mechanical ventilation, which carries significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding of the relationship between dynamic changes in blood oxygen indices and clinical variables is lacking. We evaluated the changes in blood oxygen indices–PaO2, PaO2/FiO2ratio, oxygen content (CaO2) and oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) in COVID-19 patients through the first 30-days of intensive care unit admission and explored relationships with clinical outcomes.Methods and findingsWe performed a retrospective observational cohort study of all adult COVID-19 patients in a single institution requiring invasive mechanical ventilation between March 2020 and March 2021. We collected baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes and blood oxygen indices. 36,383 blood gas data points were analysed from 184 patients over 30-days. Median participant age was 59.5 (IQR 51.0, 67.0), BMI 30.0 (IQR 25.2, 35.5) and the majority were men (62.5%) of white ethnicity (70.1%). Median duration of mechanical ventilation was 15-days (IQR 8, 25). Hospital survival at 30-days was 72.3%. Non-survivors exhibited significantly lower PaO2throughout intensive care unit admission: day one to day 30 averaged mean difference -0.52 kPa (95% CI: -0.59 to -0.46, p<0.01). Non-survivors exhibited a significantly lower PaO2/FiO2ratio with an increased separation over time: day one to day 30 averaged mean difference -5.64 (95% CI: -5.85 to -5.43, p<0.01). While all patients had sub-physiological CaO2, non-survivors exhibited significantly higher values. Non-survivors also exhibited significantly lower oxygen extraction ratio with an averaged mean difference of -0.08 (95% CI: -0.09 to -0.07, p<0.01) across day one to day 30.ConclusionsAs a novel cause of acute hypoxic respiratory failure, COVID-19 offers a unique opportunity to study a homogenous cohort of patients with hypoxaemia. In mechanically ventilated adult COVID-19 patients, blood oxygen indices are abnormal with substantial divergence in PaO2/FiO2ratio and oxygen extraction ratio between survivors and non-survivors. Despite having higher CaO2values, non-survivors appear to extract less oxygen implying impaired oxygen utilisation. Further exploratory studies are warranted to evaluate and improve oxygen extraction which may help to improve outcomes in severe hypoxaemic mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.
Glosa do postanowienia Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Kielcach z 29 stycznia 2021 r., sygn. II SA/Ke 1068/20 (glosa krytyczna)
Authors: Gajewski Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

In its judgment of 29 January 2021, ref. II SA/Ke 1068/20, the Provincial Adminis- trative Court in Kielce held that a request submitted by a councillor under Article 24(2) of the Act on Municipal Self-Government for access to information and materi- als cannot be treated as a request for access to public information, and that a refusal or failure to act in this respect is not subject to an administrative court review. It is impossible to agree with this position. The information and materials referred to in Art. 24 Clause 2 of the Act on Municipal Self-Government may constitute public information, although this is not necessarily the case. This is clearly supported by their subject matter. Failure to make information and materials available to a coun- cillor under Art. 24 Clause 2 of the Act on Municipal Self-Government may then be subject to judicial review. If the subject matter is public information, inaction in this respect may be challenged by filing a complaint for inaction, as provided for in Art. 3 § 2 Item 8 of the Administrative Court Proceedings Act. In other cases, this may be done by filing a complaint, as provided for in Article 101a of the Act on Municipal Self-Government.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 15 czerwca 2020 r., sygn. I OSK 2233/19
Authors: Gacek Paweł 
Published: June 2022

The judgment commented on here concerned the issue connected with the period for filing an appeal. The view was shared that the period for lodging an appeal begins on the day on which the administrative decision is served upon the party (com- municated orally to the party) and it is at this moment that the period commences, although the day on which an administrative decision is served is not counted when calculating this time limit. Therefore, on the very day on which an adminis- trative decision is served, the party may submit an appeal against it, an application to reconsider the matter or waive the right of appeal. An appeal, an application to reconsider the matter or a statement on waiving the right of appeal are legally effective, because they are submitted during period for the filing an appeal. not content of Art. 57 (1) of The Code of Administrative Proceedings, which regulates the way of calculating the time limit in days. Given the content of this provision, it cannot be assumed that the period for lodging an appeal commences on the day following the one on which the administrative decision is served.
Intercultural citizenship development: a case of Thai study abroad students in EMI programs
Authors: Ra Jaewon Jane , Boonsuk Yusop , Sangiamchit Chittima 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Currently, HE institutions in Anglophone countries cater for the largest number of international students (particularly non-native English speakers) and thus, have benefited the most from internationalization policies. In such intercultural educational environments, Anglophone Englishes now play a much less significant role in HE. This paper aims to explore to what extent Thai students who came back from study abroad (SA) in Anglophone countries have developed a sense of intercultural citizenship and their experiences and perceptions in relation to intercultural communication, ELT and SA. A mixed-method approach was adopted at four universities in Thailand. Extracts from semi-structured interviews and questionnaire data have been analyzed. Findings have been divided into three themes: 1) The usefulness of intercultural citizenship courses, 2) The development of intercultural citizenship from lived experience, and 3) ELF mindedness. According to the findings, we argue that intercultural citizenship education (Byram, Michael. 2008. From foreign language education to education for intercultural citizenship: Essays and reflections. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters) ought to be part of the pedagogic approach in both EMI and ELT classrooms, and ELT courses in Thailand should put more emphasis on strengthening learners’ intercultural competence and awareness while also moving away from traditional methods associated with standard language ideologies.
ปัจจุบัน สถาบันอุดมศึกษาในประเทศต้นกำเนิดภาษาอังกฤษ รองรับนักศึกษาต่างชาติจำนวนมากที่สุด (โดยเฉพาะกลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ไม่ได้ใช้ภาษาอังกฤษเป็นภาษาแม่) นักศึกษากลุ่มนี้จึงได้รับประโยชน์สูงสุดจากนโยบายความเป็นสากล ในสภาพแวดล้อมทางการศึกษาแบบต่างวัฒนธรรมเช่นนี้ ภาษาอังกฤษตามแบบฉบับของประเทศต้นกำเนิดภาษาอังกฤษ มีบทบาทสำคัญน้อยมากในสถาบันอุดมศึกษาปัจจุบัน บทความนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อสำรวจว่านักเรียนไทยที่กลับมาจากการศึกษาในประเทศต้นกำเนิดภาษาอังกฤษ ได้พัฒนาความรู้สึกของการเป็นพลเมืองข้ามวัฒนธรรม ตลอดจนประสบการณ์และการรับรู้เกี่ยวกับการสื่อสารระหว่างวัฒนธรรม การสอนภาษาอังกฤษและการเรียนในต่างประเทศ ในระดับใด วิธีการเก็บข้อมูลการศึกษาแบบผสมผสาน ได้นำมาใช้เก็บข้อมูล ในมหาวิทยาลัย 4 แห่งในประเทศไทย ข้อมูลการศึกษาที่ได้จากการสัมภาษณ์และแบบสอบถามได้นำมาวิเคราะห์ ผลการวิจัย แบ่งออกเป็นสามหัวข้อ: 1) ประโยชน์ของหลักสูตรความเป็นพลเมืองข้ามวัฒนธรรม 2) การพัฒนาความเป็นพลเมืองข้ามวัฒนธรรมจากประสบการณ์ และ 3) การตระหนักถึงการใช้ภาษาอังกฤษระหว่างผู้ใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ จากผลการวิจัย เราโต้แย้งว่าการศึกษาเรื่องความเป็นพลเมืองข้ามวัฒนธรรม (Byram, Michael. 2008. From foreign language education to education for intercultural citizenship: Essays and reflections. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters) ควรเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของแนวทางการสอนทั้งในห้องเรียนแบบใช้ภาษาอังกฤษเป็นหลักในการสอน และการสอนภาษาอังกฤษ อีกทั้งหลักสูตรการสอนภาษาอังกฤษในประเทศไทยควรเน้นการเสริมสร้างความสามารถและความตระหนักระหว่างวัฒนธรรมของผู้เรียน โดยหลีกเลี่ยงวิธีการสอนแบบดั้งเดิมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับภาษาอังกฤษตามมาตรฐานของประเทศต้นกำเนิดภาษาอังกฤษ
The crystal structure of 4-(chloromethyl)benzonitrile, C8H6ClN
Authors: Miao Mingzhi , Li Ji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C8H6ClN, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 20.3965(7) Å, b = 7.8164(3) Å, c = 4.5015(2) Å, V = 717.66(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0265, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0670, T = 100.0 K.
The crystal structure of dimethylammonium 8-[(7,9-dioxo-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)methyl]-9-oxo-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-7-olate, C19H25NO8
Authors: Wang Xia , Dong Yani , Zeng Wulan , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhou Mengying , Chen Keyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C19H25NO8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.149(2) Å, b = 12.338(3) Å, c = 15.898(3) Å, β = 97.58(3)°, V = 1973.2(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0581, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1842, T = 293(2) K.
The explicit formula for Gauss-Jordan elimination applied to flexible systems
Authors: Tran Nam Van , Justino Júlia , Berg Imme van den 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Flexible systems are obtained from systems of linear equations by adding to the elements of the coefficient matrix and the right-hand side scalar neutrices, which are convex groups of (non-standard) real numbers. The neutrices model imprecisions, giving rise to calculation rules extending informal error calculus. Stability conditions for flexible systems are given in terms of relative imprecision and size of determinants. We then apply the explicit formula for the elements of the successive intermediate matrices of the Gauss-Jordan elimination procedure to find the solution of flexible systems, keeping track of the error terms at every stage. The solution respects the original imprecisions in the right-hand side and is the same as the one given by Cramer’s rule.
Synthesis and Characterization of Electroactive PEDOT Platform with N-Octylphenotiazine Derivative
Authors: Krawczyk Sara , Golba Sylwia , Jurek-Suliga Justyna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was synthesized in the presence of a phenothiazine derivative (PTZN_C8). The aim of the research was to use phenothiazine (PTZ) as a doping ion, investigate the possibility of synthesis, and determine the influence of PTZN_C8 on the state of order of forming PEDOT chains. The synthesis of PEDOT in the presence of a PTZN_C8 by cyclic voltammetry allowed characterizing the polymer films by determining the accumulated charge capacity. Different synthetic protocols were used to obtain layers of PEDOT as a matrix and PTZ derivative as a substance that changed the structure of a material. Layers were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the presence of compounds incorporated during synthesis as well as to estimate the degree of polymerization calculated to characterize the length of chains. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) spectra allowed drawing releasing curves of PTZN_C8 from the PEDOT matrix. Results showed that it is possible to synthesize PEDOT with PTZN_C8, but deposited PEDOT was modified in terms of the length of the chains—as the content of the PTZN_C8 was higher, the chains were shorter.
A Novel LiNO3-Based Eutectic Salt Mixture for Industrial Heat Treatment
Authors: Pranesh Rao K. M. , Prabhu K. Narayan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A potassium nitrate–lithium nitrate–sodium nitrate (KNO3-LiNO3-NaNO3) eutectic mixture having a low melting point has been proposed as an alternative high-temperature quench medium. Inconel and steel probes were used to compare the quench performance of a conventional sodium nitrite (NaNO2) eutectic mixture and the proposed alternative medium at different bath temperatures. For the Inconel probe, the heat extraction rate was higher in the eutectic LiNO3 mixture maintained at 150°C. At elevated bath temperatures of 200°C, 250°C, and 300°C, the heat extraction rate was higher in the eutectic NaNO2 mixture. AISI 52100 steel probes quenched in eutectic LiNO3 quench medium at 150°C and 200°C showed higher hardness. At bath temperatures of 250°C and 300°C, the hardness of AISI 4140 steel probes quenched in both media was comparable. Wettability studies on Inconel and steel surfaces revealed the occurrence of nonuniform dilation of a LiNO3 eutectic mixture droplet. On the steel surface, the phenomenon occurred at lower temperatures, which resulted in an extended boiling stage and increased hardness.
Explorer l’accompagnement nécessaire à la poursuite d’un projet entrepreneurial en région éloignée
Authors: Tremblay Sabrina , Drapeau Marie-Josée , Leyrie Christophe 
Published: June 2022

L’entrepreneuriat est vu par les régions éloignées comme une manière de diversifier leur économie afinde se sortir d’une vision axée sur l’exploitation des ressources et de la main-d’oeuvre par des industries dont lesintérêts sont extérieurs et dont l’activité contribue à accentuer les disparités socioéconomiques locales. Malgrécertaines initiatives de soutien publiques et privées, plusieurs contraintes limitent le soutien donné aux entrepreneurs. Le but de cette étude est donc de mieux comprendre l’accompagnement nécessaire à la poursuite d’un projet entrepreneurial dans la région du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les différents attributs composant l’écosystème entrepreneurial de Spigel (2017) pour analyser et interpréter des entretiens que nous avons réalisés avec différents groupes d’entrepreneurs de la région. Il en ressort entre autres que l’offre d’accompagnement n’est pas toujours adaptée aux besoins des entrepreneurs et qu’il reste des attributs de l’écosystème entrepreneurial à développer.
Entrepreneurship in remote areas is viewed as a way to diversify their economies. The objective is to move away from a vision centred on resource and workforce exploitation by industries with outside interests and whose activities contribute to increase local socioeconomic inequalities. Despite some public and private support initiatives for entrepreneurs, a number of constraints limit this support. This study aims to better understand the support required to pursue an entrepreneurial project in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. To achieve this, we use the different attributes making up the Spigel (2017) entrepreneurial ecosystem to analyze and interpret our interviews with various groups of entrepreneurs in the region. This shows, among other findings, that the support offered is not always suited to the needs of the region’s entrepreneurs and that there are attributes of the entrepreneurial ecosystem that remain to be developed.
Pouvoir d’influence des organisations d’un écosystème entrepreneurial : étude de cas de trois associations québécoises et leçons à tirer pour une initiative africaine
Authors: Roland Jessica 
Published: June 2022

L’invisibilisation de PME ou de TPE dans une économie mondialisée est un frein à la prospérité deces dernières. Plusieurs entrepreneures propriétaires n’ont pas les réseaux leur permettant d’influencer le contexte dans lequel elles évoluent. Cela entraîne une certaine précarité de leurs entreprises et par ricochet de leur propre situation économique. Nous faisons la démonstration par des exemples québécois qu’un cercle d’influence par la création d’un réseau d’associations d’entrepreneures, saurait rendre ces dernières visibles ainsi que leurs entreprises. Nous nous appuyons sur le potentiel d’agentivité des discours dans une approche de communication constitutive des organisations.
The invisibilization of SMEs or VSEs in a globalized economy refrains their prosperity. Many women entrepreneurs do not have the networks to influence the context in which they operate. This leads to a certain precariousness of their businesses and, by extension, of their own economic situation. We demonstrate through examples from Quebec (Canada), that a circle of influence through the network of association for women entrepreneurs could make them and their businesses visible. We rely on the potential for agency of discourses under the communicative constitution of organizations approach.