bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Healthcare Encounters and Drug Persistence in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Receiving Oral Selexipag, Inhaled Iloprost, or Parenteral Treprostinil: A Retrospective Database Analysis
Authors: Song Ci , Kunovszki Peter , Beaudet Amélie 
Published: June 2022

Background: Agents targeting the prostacyclin (PGI2) pathway are important in managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). No head-to-head clinical trials have compared outcomes between the 3 different PGI2-pathway drugs most commonly available in countries with advanced healthcare: oral selexipag, inhaled iloprost, and parenteral (subcutaneous or intravenous) treprostinil. Objectives: To conduct retrospective database analyses to describe characteristics of patients with PAH initiating therapy with these agents and compare the rate and risk of healthcare facility encounters and drug persistence. Methods: Data were obtained from the Optum™ Clinformatics® Data Mart and Truven™ Health Analytics® MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters databases from July 1, 2008, to September 30, 2020 (Optum™), or October 31, 2020 (Truven™). Patients were categorized into index-drug cohorts based on first pharmacy claims for selexipag, inhaled iloprost, or parenteral treprostinil. Eligible patients were ≥18 years of age with ≥1 ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM diagnosis code indicating pulmonary hypertension and no diagnosis code suggesting Group 3–5 pulmonary hypertension. Rates of hospitalization (inpatient admissions), emergency room visits, or outpatient visits per person-year were calculated. Drug persistence was measured as time to discontinuation of index drug. Multivariable analyses were performed to compare outcomes with selexipag vs inhaled iloprost and parenteral treprostinil, adjusting for baseline characteristics using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results: Overall, 583 patients were included in the Optum™ sample and 482 in the Truven™ sample. Mean (SD) age was 61.7 (14.5) and 49.3 (11.3) years, respectively; 74.4% and 75.7% of patients, respectively, were women. In the pooled samples, after adjustment for baseline characteristics, selexipag had a lower risk than inhaled iloprost or parenteral treprostinil for hospitalization (relative rate ratio [95% CI], 0.40 [0.22, 0.75], and 0.26 [0.17, 0.39]) and outpatient visits (0.66 [0.56, 0.78] and 0.76 [0.66, 0.88]). Trends toward lower risk of emergency room visits did not attain statistical significance. Drug discontinuation risk was 16% and 36% lower with selexipag vs parenteral treprostinil and inhaled iloprost, respectively. Conclusions: In real-world use, selexipag appears to be associated with lower rates of hospitalization and outpatient visits than inhaled iloprost or parenteral treprostinil. Further research is required to identify factors underlying these differences.
Innovative technologies for training specialists in river transport management
Authors: Maslennikov Sergey N. , Sinitsyn Mikhail G. 
Published: June 2022

The modern environment is characterized by a sharp increase in information flows that need to be processed in order to keep up with the development of science and education. Information flows are growing so fast that it is becoming increasingly difficult to process them using traditional methods. Simulator training, close to real conditions, meets the requirements of consolidating knowledge based on visual thinking and practicing decision-making skills in the operational management of the fleet. This allows you to consolidate knowledge and make optimal management decisions.
Such structures are stored in long-term memory and are easily reached if necessary, which contributes to the memorization of a large amount of information.
Bridging the Gap: Categorizing Gravitational-wave Events at the Transition between Neutron Stars and Black Holes
Authors: Farah Amanda , Fishbach Maya , Essick Reed , Holz Daniel E. , Galaudage Shanika 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We search for features in the mass distribution of detected compact binary coalescences which signify the transition between neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). We analyze all gravitational-wave (GW) detections by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration (LVK) made through the end of the first half of the third observing run, and find clear evidence for two different populations of compact objects based solely on GW data. We confidently (99.3%) find a steepening relative to a single power law describing NSs and low-mass BHs below

2.4

−
0.5

+
0.5

M

⊙

, which is consistent with many predictions for the maximum NS mass. We find suggestions of the purported lower mass gap between the most massive NSs and the least massive BHs, but are unable to conclusively resolve it with current data. If it exists, we find the lower mass gap’s edges to lie at

2.2

−
0.5

+
0.7

M

⊙

and

6.0

−
1.4

+
2.4

M

⊙

. We reexamine events that have been deemed “exceptional” by the LVK collaborations in the context of these features. We analyze GW190814 self-consistently in the context of the full population of compact binaries, finding support for its secondary to be either a NS or a lower mass gap object, consistent with previous claims. Our models are the first to accommodate this event, which is an outlier with respect to the binary BH population. We find that GW200105 and GW200115 probe the edges of, and may have components within, the lower mass gap. As future data improve global population models, the classification of these events will also improve.
The Peculiar Short-duration GRB 200826A and Its Supernova*
Authors: Rossi A. , Rothberg B. , Palazzi E. , Kann D. A. , D’Avanzo P. , Amati L. , Klose S. , Perego A. , Pian E. , Guidorzi C. , Pozanenko A. S. , Savaglio S. , Stratta G. , Agapito G. , Covino S. , Cusano F. , D’Elia V. , Pasquale M. De , Valle M. Della , Kuhn O. , Izzo L. , Loffredo E. , Masetti N. , Melandri A. , Minaev P. Y. , Guelbenzu A. Nicuesa , Paris D. , Paiano S. , Plantet C. , Rossi F. , Salvaterra R. , Schulze S. , Veillet C. , Volnova A. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are classified into long and short events. Long GRBs (LGRBs) are associated with the end states of very massive stars, while short GRBs (SGRBs) are linked to the merger of compact objects. GRB 200826A was a peculiar event, because by definition it was an SGRB, with a rest-frame duration of ∼0.5 s. However, this event was energetic and soft, which is consistent with LGRBs. The relatively low redshift (z = 0.7486) motivated a comprehensive, multiwavelength follow-up campaign to characterize its host, search for a possible associated supernova (SN), and thus understand the origin of this burst. To this aim we obtained a combination of deep near-infrared (NIR) and optical imaging together with spectroscopy. Our analysis reveals an optical and NIR bump in the light curve whose luminosity and evolution are in agreement with several SNe associated to LGRBs. Analysis of the prompt GRB shows that this event follows the E
p,i–E
iso relation found for LGRBs. The host galaxy is a low-mass star-forming galaxy, typical of LGRBs, but with one of the highest star formation rates, especially with respect to its mass (

log

M

*

/

M

⊙

=
8.6

, SFR ∼ 4.0 M
⊙ yr−1). We conclude that GRB 200826A is a typical collapsar event in the low tail of the duration distribution of LGRBs. These findings support theoretical predictions that events produced by collapsars can be as short as 0.5 s in the host frame and further confirm that duration alone is not an efficient discriminator for the progenitor class of a GRB.
Gaia May Detect Hundreds of Well-characterized Stellar Black Holes
Authors: Chawla Chirag , Chatterjee Sourav , Breivik Katelyn , Moorthy Chaithanya Krishna , Andrews Jeff J. , Sanderson Robyn E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Detection of black holes (BHs) with detached luminous companions (LCs) can be instrumental in connecting the BH properties with their progenitors since the latter can be inferred from the observable properties of the LC. Past studies showed the promise of Gaia astrometry in detecting BH–LC binaries. We build on these studies by (1) initializing the zero-age binary properties based on realistic, metallicity-dependent star formation history in the Milky Way (MW); (2) evolving these binaries to current epoch to generate realistic MW populations of BH–LC binaries; (3) distributing these binaries in the MW, preserving the complex age–metallicity-Galactic position correlations; (4) accounting for extinction and reddening using three-dimensional dust maps; and (5) examining the extended Gaia mission’s ability to resolve BH–LC binaries. We restrict ourselves to detached BH–LC binaries with orbital period P
orb ≤ 10 yr such that Gaia can observe at least one full orbit. We find that (1) the extended Gaia mission can astrometrically resolve ∼30–300 detached BH–LC binaries depending on our assumptions of supernova physics and astrometric detection threshold; (2) Gaia’s astrometry alone can indicate BH candidates for ∼10–100 BH–LC binaries by constraining the dark primary mass ≥3 M
⊙; and (3) distributions of observables, including orbital periods, eccentricities, and component masses, are sensitive to the adopted binary evolution model and hence can directly inform binary evolution models. Finally, we comment on the potential to further characterize these BH binaries through radial velocity measurements and observation of X-ray counterparts.
The Accretion Flow Geometry of MAXI J1820+070 through Broadband Noise Research with Insight Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope
Authors: Yang Zi-Xu , Zhang Liang , Bu Qing-Cui , Huang Yue , Liu He-Xin , Yu Wei , Wang P. J. , Tao L. , Qu J. L. , Zhang S. , Zhang S. N. , Ma X. , Song L. M. , Jia S. M. , Ge M. Y. , Liu Q. Z. , Yan J. Z. , Zhou D. K. , Li T. M. , Wu B. Y. , Ren X. Q. , Ma R. C. , Zhang Y. X. , Xu Y. C. , Ma B. Y. , Du Y. F. , Fu Y. C. , Xiao Y. X. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Here we present a detailed study of the broadband noise in the power density spectra of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 during the hard state of its 2018 outburst, using Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope observations. The broadband noise shows two main humps, which might separately correspond to variability from a variable disk and two Comptonization regions. We fitted the two humps with multiple Lorentzian functions and studied the energy-dependent properties of each component up to 90–150 keV and their evolution with spectral changes. The lowest-frequency component is considered as the subharmonic of the quasiperiodic oscillation component and shows a different energy dependence compared with other broadband noise components. We found that although the fractional rms of all the broadband noise components mainly decreases with the energy, their rms spectra are different in shape. Above ∼20–30 keV, the characteristic frequencies of these components increase sharply with the energy, meaning that the high-energy component is more variable on short timescales. Our results suggest that the hot inner flow in MAXI J1820+070 is likely to be inhomogeneous. We propose a geometry with a truncated accretion disk and two Comptonization regions.
Spectral-line Survey of the Region of Massive Star Formation W51e1/e2 in the 4 mm Wavelength Range
Authors: Kalenskii Sergei. V. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Bergman Per , Olofsson A. O. Henrik , Degtyarev Kirill D. , Golysheva Polina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present the results of a spectral-line survey of the W51e1/e2 star-forming region at 68–88 GHz. 79 molecules and their isotopologues were detected, from simple diatomic or triatomic molecules, such as SO, SiO, and CCH, to complex organic compounds, such as CH3OCH3 or CH3COCH3. A number of lines that are absent from the Lovas list of molecular lines observed in space were detected, and most of these were identified. A significant number of the detected molecules are typical for hot cores. These include the neutral molecules HCOOCH3, CH3CH2OH, and CH3COCH3, which are currently believed to exist in the gas phase only in hot cores and shock-heated gas. In addition, vibrationally excited C4H and HC3N lines with upper-level energies of several hundred Kelvins were found. Such lines can arise only in hot gas with temperatures on the order of 100 K or higher. Apart from neutral molecules, various molecular ions were also detected. Some of these (HC18O+, H13CO+, and HCS+) usually exist in molecular clouds with high visual extinctions. Potential formation pathways of complex organic molecules and hydrocarbons, along with nitriles, are considered. These formation routes are first discussed in the context of laboratory experiments elucidating the synthesis of organic molecules in interstellar ices in cold molecular clouds, followed by sublimation into the gas phase in the hot core stage. Thereafter, we discuss the predominant formation of hydrocarbons and their nitriles in the gas phase through bimolecular neutral–neutral reactions.
Three-dimensional General-relativistic Simulations of Neutrino-driven Winds from Rotating Proto-neutron Stars
Authors: Desai Dhruv , Siegel Daniel M. , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We explore the effects of rapid rotation on the properties of neutrino-heated winds from proto-neutron stars (PNS) formed in core-collapse supernovae or neutron-star mergers by means of three-dimensional general-relativistic hydrodynamical simulations with M0 neutrino transport. We focus on conditions characteristic of a few seconds into the PNS cooling evolution when the neutrino luminosities obey

L

ν

e

+

L

ν

¯

e

≈
7
×

10

51

erg s−1, and over which most of the wind mass loss will occur. After an initial transient phase, all of our models reach approximately steady-state outflow solutions with positive energies and sonic surfaces captured on the computational grid. Our nonrotating and slower rotating models (angular velocity relative to Keplerian Ω/ΩK ≲ 0.4; spin period P ≳ 2 ms) generate approximately spherically symmetric outflows with properties in good agreement with previous PNS wind studies. By contrast, our most rapidly spinning PNS solutions (Ω/ΩK ≳ 0.75; P ≈ 1 ms) generate outflows focused in the rotational equatorial plane with much higher mass-loss rates (by over an order of magnitude), lower velocities, lower entropy, and lower asymptotic electron fractions, than otherwise similar nonrotating wind solutions. Although such rapidly spinning PNS are likely rare in nature, their atypical nucleosynthetic composition and outsized mass yields could render them important contributors of light neutron-rich nuclei compared to more common slowly rotating PNS birth. Our calculations pave the way to including the combined effects of rotation and a dynamically important large-scale magnetic field on the wind properties within a three-dimensional GRMHD framework.
Les élections régionales en Sarre du 27 mars 2022
Authors: Ménudier Henri 
Published: June 2022

Les élections régionales de la Sarre, le 27 mars 2022, mettent fin à 23 années de gouvernements dirigés par la CDU. Elle est réduite à 28,5 % des voix (-12,2 %) contre 43,5 % (+13,9 %) au SPD. L’extrême droite AfD ne dépasse pas 5,7 %. Avec moins de 5 %, les autres petits partis (Verts, FDP et Linke) ne sont pas représentés au Landtag. Le 25 avril, Anke Rehlinger, SPD, est élue Ministre-Présidente ; elle dirige un gouvernement entièrement SPD, le seul en Allemagne.
Le bricolage comme protestation : les squatteurs réhabiliteurs et la politique du logement à Berlin Ouest pendant les années 1980
Authors: Kreis Reinhild , Robin Guillaume 
Published: June 2022

Au début des années 1980, des centaines de personnes en Europe occidentale ont eu recours à un moyen inhabituel pour protester contre leurs conditions de logement et la politique du logement : ils ont rénové de leurs propres mains des maisons vides qu’ils avaient occupées auparavant. L’étude de cas de Berlin-Ouest montre ces « squatteurs d’immeubles » comme des « bricoleurs en guise de protestation ». La pratique artisanale dans la lutte pour les maisons des années 1980 a attiré l’attention du public sur les dysfonctionnements et a démontré en même temps des solutions. La politique, le public et les spécialistes ont été contraints de se pencher sur l’entraide en tant que solution aux problèmes d’urbanisme.
Les acteurs de la mobilité urbaine à Mexico : Les interdépendances au cœur des processus d’intégration
Authors: Tanikawa Obregón Kei 
Published: June 2022

La gouvernance de la mobilité urbaine se structure autour d’interdépendances entre acteurs à travers des systèmes socio-techniques complexes. Qu’ils soient publics ou privés, formels ou en marge d’une organisation étatique, les services de transport urbain se heurtent à une cohabitation territoriale et créent ainsi des relations de dépendance réciproques. À l’aune des projets de modernisation du secteur, l’intégration et l’unification des systèmes de transport constituent un horizon balisé des politiques publiques. Les interdépendances entre acteurs (opérateurs et régulateurs) apparaissent alors au cœur des processus de numérisation. Le projet « Mobilité Intégrée » mis en place par l’organisme en charge de la mobilité de la ville de Mexico ( secretaria de movilidad ou SEMOVI) en 2019, constitue un observatoire privilégié pour étudier les interdépendances au sein d’un jeu d’acteurs particulièrement éclaté. Ce travail s’appuie sur des enquêtes de terrain menées début 2021. L’article identifie les interdépendances entre acteurs comme une clé de lecture fondamentale dans la compréhension des politiques et projets d’intégration des systèmes de transport. Il met en évidence les limites de l’organisation sociale et politique face aux défis techniques et aux promesses du numérique. Enfin, il questionne la mise en place d’une mobilité intelligente et son articulation avec le concept de Mobility as a Service (MaaS) dans un contexte de mobilité urbaine fragmentée.
Gouvernance, gestion et valorisation de la ville de Salé : vers le développement durable et l’emploi
Authors: Ouaziz Ali , Elkehal Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Quel avenir voulons-nous pour la ville de Salé et sur quel modèle de gestion de gouvernance créée sa croissance ? Cette question est au cœur de la gouvernance du territoire de Salé pour organiser le schéma postérieur d’aménagement, de développement durable et d’équité entre les différents citoyens de cette ville. Le développement territorial se mesure sur la valeur ajoutée économique, sur des modes de gestion performant, par l’agencement des différentes communes de la ville selon le modèle d’équilibre territorial dans l’objectif d’égalité à vocations territoriales conciliables, afin de réussir les passages de la rétrospective à la prospective de la ville de Salé de demain. Les ajustements, fondés par la vision d’espaces et de localités communes, voire collectifs dans la ville, sont exigeants en actions et de reconfiguration des urbanités courante par d’autres modalités de gestion et de gouvernance de la ville en vue de créations d’emplois, ces impulsions admettent de dévoiler des éloignements et des adaptations entre les différents intervenants dans la ville, le capital immatériel diversifié, l’accroissement de modes de vie et de la population vivante à Salé et le résultat social en général de la ville. Cet article traite de certains enjeux proposés par l’émergence d’espaces et de lieux publics, voire communautaires, pour la valorisation du patrimoine de la ville de Salé dans une perspective de gouvernance intelligente et de rééquilibrage des mesures économiques et sociales en faveur de la population de la ville de Salé. Deux logiques principales et leur confrontation peuvent nous aider à expliciter notre problématique, sur la base des deux axes suivants : Pratiques et acteurs de gouvernance ; Moyens d’administration et de gestion territoriale de salé ; Salé, centralités organisées autour de l’économie et l’emploi.
Contextes historique, politique et économique de la création architecturale néo mauresque en Algérie 1900-1930
Authors: Chalabi Amina , Lazri Youcef 
Published: June 2022

Le début du XX e siècle a connu un changement radical de politique constructive française en Algérie, marqué par l’abandon progressif de l’architecture néo-classique qui régnait depuis plus d’un demi-siècle, laissant place à une tendance plus humaniste, basé sur la réinterprétation du vocabulaire locale dans des constructions modernes. Cette nouvelle politique est venue rompre avec soixante-dix années d’austérité néo-classique, et dont les traces définissent l’une des grandes lignes d’arabisance observable aujourd’hui ; l’architecture néo mauresque ; un style architectural à portée orientaliste qui était déclaré jusqu’aux années trente style officiel. Comme tout style officiel est à questionner, nous avons essayé, dans la présente étude, d’identifier les origines de sa création, et de cerner les différents contextes dans lesquels il a émergé. Cela à travers une étude historique qui vise une meilleure compréhension de cette fleuraison esthétique qui constitue aujourd’hui un modèle pour des constructions contemporaine à forte connotation identitaire.
L’archéologie classique et l’archéologie du bâti
Authors: Marc Jean-Yves 
Published: June 2022

L'étude de l'archéologie grecque et romaine a le plus souvent été le fait d'une collaboration entre architectes et archéologues, en particulier dans le cadre des grandes fouilles de la fin du XIXe siècle et du premier tiers du XXe siècle (en Méditerranée orientale mais aussi en Afrique du Nord), du fait de la rencontre de la tradition ancienne des « envois de Rome » et de la naissance de l'archéologie universitaire. Les grandes publications monographiques, qu'elles concernent l'architecture monumentale ou l'architecture domestique, conjoignaient en général une analyse très précise des vestiges (par des relevés pierres à pierres à des échelles très grandes), des propositions de restitution, des études sur les techniques de construction ou le décor architectural et des conclusions typo-chronologiques. La création de l'IRAA du CNRS à la fin des années cinquante, qui a permis d'institutionnaliser cette collaboration et de l'étendre aux travaux menés sur le territoire métropolitain (Orange, Arles, Alésia, etc.), n'a pas entraîné de formalisation ni de théorisation des méthodes employées. Pas plus d'ailleurs que l'émergence de l'archéologie du bâti chez les médiévistes : la part prise par les architectes dans nos publications l'explique peut-être en partie. C'est plutôt la révolution numérique qui a forcé les historiens de l'architecture classique, qu'ils soient architectes ou archéologues, à se poser la question du relevé, du dessin, de la représentation, etc.