bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐efficient characterization of complex protein drugs by imaged capillary isoelectric focusing with high‐resolution ampholytes
Authors: Kwok Teresa , Chan She Lin , Zhou Mike , Schaefer Anna , Bo Tao , Huang Tiemin , Li Victor , Chen Tong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA carrier ampholyte is a molecule containing both acid and base functionality that is critical for imaged capillary isoelectric focusing. The quality of an imaged capillary isoelectric focusing separation for protein charge variants’ characterization is highly dependent on attributes of the carrier ampholytes used including baseline signal, linearity of the pH gradient, pI discrimination, and consistency between manufactured lots. AESlytes are a high‐resolution carrier ampholyte series that have been developed for the high‐resolution and selective characterization of diverse and complex protein drugs including diverse fusion proteins, antibody‐drug‐conjugate, bi‐specific antibodies, and viral proteins. While routine commercial ampholytes usually cannot solve such challenges, AESlytes demonstrate a reduction in baseline noise and distinguishably increased consistency between lots as compared to other commercial ampholytes. Here we apply AESlytes for the imaged capillary isoelectric focusing separation of several commercial fusion proteins and biosimilars with excellent repeatability. In addition, AESlytes with narrow‐range pH were employed directly coupled to a mass spectrometer for optimizing the separation resolutions allowing more reliable and accurate protein charge variant identification. Our study demonstrates that innovative high‐resolution carrier ampholytes as critical reagents play an essential role in high‐performance imaged capillary isoelectric focussing and tandem mass spectrometry analysis the routinely commercial ampholytes cannot achieve, especially for extremely complex protein drugs.
Building and Using Theoretical Frameworks
Authors: Hiebert James , Cai Jinfa , Hwang Stephen , Morris Anne K , Hohensee Charles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTheoretical frameworks can be confounding. They are supposed to be very important, but it is not always clear what they are or why you need them. Using ideas from Chaps. 1 and 2, we describe them as local theories that are custom-designed for your study. Although they might use parts of larger well-known theories, they are created by individual researchers for particular studies. They are developed through the cyclic process of creating more precise and meaningful hypotheses. Building directly on constructs from the previous chapters, you can think of theoretical frameworks as equivalent to the most compelling, complete rationales you can develop for the predictions you make. Theoretical frameworks are important because they do lots of work for you. They incorporate the literature into your rationale, they explain why your study matters, they suggest how you can best test your predictions, and they help you interpret what you find. Your theoretical framework creates an essential coherence for your study and for the paper you are writing to report the study.
Significance of a Study: Revisiting the “So What” Question
Authors: Hiebert James , Cai Jinfa , Hwang Stephen , Morris Anne K , Hohensee Charles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvery researcher wants their study to matter—to make a positive difference for their professional communities. To ensure your study matters, you can formulate clear hypotheses and choose methods that will test them well, as described in Chaps. 1, 2, 3 and 4. You can go further, however, by considering some of the terms commonly used to describe the importance of studies, terms like significance, contributions, and implications. As you clarify for yourself the meanings of these terms, you learn that whether your study matters depends on how convincingly you can argue for its importance. Perhaps most surprising is that convincing others of its importance rests with the case you make before the data are ever gathered. The importance of your hypotheses should be apparent before you test them. Are your predictions about things the profession cares about? Can you make them with a striking degree of precision? Are the rationales that support them compelling? You are answering the “So what?” question as you formulate hypotheses and design tests of them. This means you can control the answer. You do not need to cross your fingers and hope as you collect data.
Expertise in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Egher Claudia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter highlights that despite expectations that the Internet would lead to patient empowerment, a more complex picture emerged in this book. It was shown that individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder could become influential through their skillful use of the Internet and by cultivating alliances with “traditional” experts. Contrary to expectations of increased individualization under the influence of personalized and precision medicine, online contributors performed solidarity with others with whom they shared numerous similarities. These findings constitute a critical and nuanced intervention into dominant discourses, which approach the Internet either as a quick technological fix or as a postmodern version of Pandora’s box.
Trade-Investment Nexus and Economic Growth in East Asia
Authors: Urata Shujiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSDG 8’s goal is to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth; full and productive employment; and decent work for all. This chapter examines the experiences of East Asian developing countries in achieving rapid and inclusive economic growth by focusing on the role of international tradeand foreign direct investmentnexus created through global value chains (GVCs)by multinational corporations (MNCs). GVCs enabled participating companies and countries to improve productivity, contributing to economic growth. The factors attributable to the participation in GVCs include high competitiveness of local companies and open business environment created by the Asian government. Moreover, construction and maintaining well-functioning soft (e.g., education and legal systems) and hard (e.g., transportation and communication systems) infrastructure by the government and international donors contributed to the creation of business-friendly environment. Faced with growing protectionism and the threats of growing US-China rivalry, infectious diseases, climate change, etc., maintaining an open and transparent rules-based business environment is crucially important to further achieving sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth. In the light of absence of effective global economic order, exemplified by ineffectiveness of the World Trade Organizationin trade liberalization as well as dispute settlement, regional economic frameworks such as the CPTPP and RCEP in the Asia and Pacific region would be proven to be effective to achieve the goal.
Sustainable Development Goals from the Perspective of Photographic Archives: A Case Study on Photographs from Occupied Japan
Authors: Sato Yoichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I present a novel way to examine the historical background of the issues discussed in sustainable development goals (SDGs) using historical photographs. Considering the 17 SDGs, and Japan’s occupation period (1945–52) to construct a case study, I demonstrate how to interpret the gaps and connections between the situations observed during the occupation period and the present. Finally, I refer to SDGs 7 and 11 in detail; however, this is not a summary for a particular SDG, but a way to think about the background of the issue for all SDGs.
Advancing residents’ use of shared spaces in Nordic superblocks with intelligent technologies
Authors: Makkonen Jouko , Latikka Rita , Kaukonen Laura , Laine Markus , Väänänen Kaisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo support the sustainability of future cities, residents’ living spaces need to be built and used efficiently, while supporting residents’ communal wellbeing. Nordic superblock is a new planning, housing, and living concept in which residents of a neighborhood—a combination of city blocks—share yards, common spaces and utilities. Sharing living spaces is an essential element of this approach. In this study, our goal was to study the ways in which intelligent technology solutions—such as proactive, data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications—could support and even motivate the use of common areas in superblocks. To this end, we conducted a two-phase qualitative study: in the first phase, potential superblock residents (N = 12) shared their perspectives of sharing of living spaces in general, and more specifically of how intelligent technologies could support sharing spaces. In the second phase, two workshops with experts (N = 7) were held to gather understanding of possibilities of intelligent technologies in meeting the residents’ expectations of space sharing. The results illustrate space sharing and communality as supportive factors for one another, enabled but also complicated by social interaction. Major possibilities for intelligent technologies to advance space sharing were seen in organizing the use of spaces and facilitating social interaction in the community. As an outcome, four roles incorporating several use purposes of intelligent technologies were found. The findings can inform the Human-Centered AI (HCAI) research and design improving sustainable living in future urban neighborhoods.
Three-level hierarchical micro/nanostructures on biopolymers by injection moulding using low-cost polymeric inlays
Authors: Sáez-Comet Carlos , Muntada Olga , Lozano Nekane , Fontdecaba Enric , Sousa Patricia , Llobet Jordi , Perez-Murano Francesc , Puiggali Jordi , del Valle Luis Javier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe industrial interest in the patterning of polymeric surfaces at the micro/nanoscale to include new functionalities has considerably increased during the last years. Hierarchical organization of micro/nanometric surface textures yields enhanced functional properties such as hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity, and optical or chromatic effects to cite some. While high accuracy methods to pattern hierarchical surfaces at the nanoscale have been developed, only some of them have been applied for high volume manufacturing with limited success, mainly because they rely on the use of expensive machinery and moulds or complicated inserts. Therefore, a method using low cost recyclable tooling and process conditions applicable to high-volume manufacturing is currently missing. In this work, a scalable and low-cost method to replicate hierarchical micro/nanostructured surfaces on plastic films is presented, which can be latter used as inlays for injection moulded parts with standard processing conditions. This method is used to demonstrate the feasibility of replicating three level hierarchical micro/nano textured surfaces using recyclable bio-based polymers (of high relevancy in the current plastic pollution context) achieving replication ratios above 90%, comparing the replication results with those obtained in polypropylene. The presence of the micro/nanotextures substantially increases the contact angle of all the polymers tested, yielding values higher than 90° in all the cases. Also, various mechanical properties of the replicated parts for all the polymers injected are characterized one and thirty days after the samples were manufactured, showing fairly constant values. This highlights the validity of the replicated surfaces, regardless of the biopolymers special crystallization characteristics.
An axiomatic approach to Markov decision processes
Authors: Jonsson Adam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an axiomatic approach to finite Markov decision processes where the discount rate is zero. One of the principal difficulties in the no discounting case is that, even if attention is restricted to stationary policies, a strong overtaking optimal policy need not exists. We provide preference foundations for two criteria that do admit optimal policies: 0-discount optimality and average overtaking optimality. As a corollary of our results, we obtain conditions on a decision maker’s preferences which ensure that an optimal policy exists. These results have implications for disciplines where dynamic programming problems arise, including automatic control, dynamic games, and economic development.
Utility of high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in differentiating between atherosclerotic plaques, vasculitis, and arterial dissection
Authors: Tritanon Oranan , Mataeng Suphanika , Apirakkan Mungkorn , Panyaping Theeraphol 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Differentiating between atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and dissection is a diagnostic challenge because of inconclusive findings on conventional imaging and some overlap in the vessel wall patterns. The aim of this study was to determine whether vessel wall MRI patterns can differentiate between these vasculopathies.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 3T high-resolution vessel wall imaging studies of patients diagnosed with atherosclerotic plaques, vasculitis, and dissection. The patterns of involvement, wall enhancement, and T1 and T2 signals, as well as the specific patterns, were assessed and compared between the three diseases.

Results
Fifty-nine patients with atherosclerosis (n = 33), vasculitis (n = 13), and dissection (n = 13) were enrolled. There were significant differences in the pattern of involvement between the three groups (P < 0.001), with concentric wall thickening in vasculitis patients (84.6%) and eccentric wall thickening in atherosclerosis (97%) and dissection (92.3%) patients. There was also a significant difference in the specific pattern (P < 0.001), with intimal flap (76.9%) and intramural hematoma (23.1%) in dissection patients and intraplaque hemorrhage (18.2%) in atherosclerosis patients. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in the wall enhancement pattern between atherosclerosis and vasculitis patients (P < 0.05). Finally, there was a significant difference in the location of involvement between the three groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
By using the pattern of involvement, wall enhancement, and specific patterns, vessel wall MRI can help differentiate between atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and dissection.
Clinical performance of the Femoral Neck System within 1 year in 125 patients with acute femoral neck fractures, a prospective observational case series
Authors: Stoffel Karl , Michelitsch Christian , Arora Rohit , Babst Reto , Candrian Christian , Eickhoff Alexander , Gebhard Florian , Platz Andreas , Schmid Florian Andreas , Weschenfelder Wolfram , Sommer Christoph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures (FNFs) is an important treatment option, especially for younger patients. We aimed to assess the rate of early implant-related complications in FNF osteosynthesis using the Femoral Neck System (FNS).

Patients and methods
Consecutive patients diagnosed with displaced or nondisplaced FNFs were treated with FNS in this prospective, observational, multicenter investigation. Patients were followed up for minimally 3 months and up to 12 months if radiologic bone union and no pain was not achieved beforehand. Predefined treatment-related adverse events (AEs, defined as implant failure, loss of reduction, iatrogenic fractures, deep infection, and surgical revision), radiologic bone union, and patient-reported Harris hip score (HHS) and EQ-5D-5L index score were assessed.

Results
One hundred and twenty-five patients were included in the study. Thirty-eight (30.4%) fractures were displaced (Garden III and IV), and 37 (29.6%) were vertical fractures (Pauwels type III). Predefined treatment-related AE rate at 3 months was 8 patients, 6.4% (95% CI, 2.8–12.2), and at 12 months, 11 patients, 8.8% (95% CI, 4.5–15.2). Cumulative incidences of bone union were 68% at 3 months, 90% at 6 months, and 98% at 12 months. The mean changes of HHS and EQ-5D-5L index score between preinjury and at 12 months were -7.5 (95% CI, [ – 21.1] to [6.2]) and  – 0.03 (95% CI, [ – 0.21] to [0.15]), respectively; neither were statistically significant.

Conclusion
The current study on osteosynthesis of FNFs with the FNS resulted in treatment-related complication rates of 6.4% (95% CI, 2.8–12.2) at 3 months and 8.8% (95% CI, 4.5–15.2) at 12 months. On average, patients returned to preinjury function and quality of life. The current study may also indicate that the conventional wisdom of treating stable FNF in patients aged between 60 and 80 years with osteosynthesis may need to be reconsidered.

Registration
The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT02422355).
Retrospective evaluation of radiological and clinical outcomes after surgical treatment of proximal femur fractures utilizing TFNA
Authors: Schneider Friedemann , Geir Fabian , Koidl Christian , Gehrer Luise , Runer Armin , Arora Rohit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients treated with the TFN-Advanced™ Proximal Femoral Nailing system (TFNA¸ DePuy Synthes, West Chester, PA) including intra- and postoperative complications.

Materials and methods
All patients with an acute proximal femur fracture consequently treated with a TFNA between September 2014 and December 2018 were evaluated. Clinical and radiological data were assessed for intra- and postoperative complications, including treatment failure. In addition, intra- and postoperative X-rays were used to determine the position of the implant, and any migration, via tip-apex-distance (TAD) and the caput-collum-diaphyseal angle (CCD). The accuracy of the fracture reduction was rated by both observers according to Baumgartners criteria.

Results
275 consecutive patients (mean age 77.5 ± 14.1; 70.2% female) were included. The predominant OTA/AO fracture classification was 31A2 (140 cases, 50.7%). The average surgical time was 69 min (± 39.8). The reduction quality was good in 253 cases (92.0%) and acceptable in 22 cases (8.0%). In 18 cases, a pre-defined primary outcome parameter (6.5%) was recorded after a mean of 8.2 ± 8.0 months. During the observational period, 19 patients (6.9%) required a total of 23 additional surgeries. Implant removal was not considered a failure in the absence of pain. Significant group differences were observed with younger age (p = 0.001), lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)-score (p = 0.041) and lower rate of osteoporosis (p = 0.015) in the failure group. There were no cases of cut-out or cut-through among the patients who underwent augmentation as part of osteosynthesis.

Conclusions
Proximal femur fractures treated with the TFNA show low complication rates and high levels of radiological healing. Implant-related complications might be more common in patients with younger age, a lower CCI-score and lower frequency of osteoporosis. Usage of cement augmentation could potentially be beneficial to reduce postoperative cut-through and cut-out.
Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective
Authors: Lucas Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the 1980s, after the HIV pandemic was recognised, neuropathology identified cerebral white matter lesions that were found in the brains of infected persons with a severe irreversible dementia syndrome, this became known as ‘HIV encephalitis’. Subsequent work in Europe and north America found subtle morphological abnormalities in cerebral neurones and their connections. With the advent of effective anti-retroviral therapies after 1996, the incidence of severe HIV-related dementia declined, as did investigative tissue pathology into this HIV brain disease. Currently, the intense interest over HIV neurocognitive impairment focuses on neuroimaging, comparative blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, viral subtype analysis, and the search for biomarkers that correlate with brain function. Tissue neuropathology in HIV is more restricted to the diagnosis of acute disease such as opportunistic infections and tumours, and confirmation of the acute CD8 + T-cell encephalitis syndrome. But correlative tissue pathology will still be needed as newer therapeutic measures are developed to prevent and manage chronic HIV brain impairment.
Assessment of fluid status in neonatal dialysis: the need for new tools
Authors: Nourbakhsh Noureddin , Benador Nadine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Assessment of fluid status in neonatal dialysis has largely focused on traditional tools including clinical assessment, serial weights, and blood pressure (BP) measurements. However, in infants on kidney replacement therapy, the assessment of fluid overload is problematic due to errors in weight assessment, subtlety of physical exam findings, and inaccuracy of non-invasive BP measurements.

Case summary
In this presentation of a neonate with bilateral renal agenesis requiring kidney replacement therapy, the treating team assessed a number of variables in determining the ultrafiltration prescription for dialysis across 2 modalities (hemodialysis and continuous kidney replacement therapy).

Complications
Fluid overload, cardiomegaly, and worsened respiratory status occurred when attempting to assess the neonate’s fluid status by traditional markers (weights, blood pressures, physical exam findings). B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) was obtained and was noted to correlate with the degree of fluid overload.

Key management points
Compared to traditional tools for assessment of fluid status in pediatric dialysis, BNP assisted the medical team in optimizing the volume status of the subject and determining optimal daily ultrafiltration goals. Due to the rapid release in response to myocardial stretch and the lack of kidney clearance of the peptide, BNP may represent an objective, timely, and reliable index of volume status in the pediatric dialysis patient.
Medizin und die Zeitlichkeit guten Lebens in populären Fernsehnarrativen
Authors: Hißnauer Christian , Stockinger Claudia 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht von der These aus, dass Arzt- und Krankenhausserien (sog. medicals) das Wechselverhältnis von Medizin und den Vorstellungen eines guten Lebens in der Zeit verhandeln. Dabei popularisieren sie als „institutionalisierter Interdiskurs“ (Link 1988) nicht nur medizinisches Wissen, sondern ebenso Haltungen zu medizinethischen Fragen. Sie sind als Formen einer „Medienmedizin“ (Wulff 2001) zu begreifen, die medienspezifischen Gestaltungskonventionen folgen. Für die Analyse von Fernsehserien genügt es nicht, explizite Stellungnahmen (etwa in der Figurenrede) zu beachten; vielmehr sind neben visuellen Aspekten insbesondere auch das Genre, die Dramaturgie und die Figurenkonstellation zu berücksichtigen. Am Beispiel einer Folge der ARD-Serie In aller Freundschaft (D, seit 1998) wird veranschaulicht, wie die verschiedenen Elemente ineinandergreifen, um innerhalb der Erzählung einen bestimmten Wertehorizont zu etablieren.