bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured diabetes self‐management education and glycaemic control in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Lamptey Roberta , Robben Maud P. , Amoakoh‐Coleman Mary , Boateng Daniel , Grobbee Diederick E. , Davies Melanie J. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the association between structured diabetes self‐management education (DSME) and glycaemic control in persons living with diabetes (PLD) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsPubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2020 for intervention studies on the effect of structured DSME on glycaemic control in PLD in LMICs (PROSPERO registration CRD42020164857). The primary outcome was reduction in glycated haemoglobin. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias (RoB) with the Cochrane RoB tool for randomised trials. Findings were summarized in a narrative synthesis.ResultsOut of 154 abstracts retrieved and screened for eligibility, nine studies with a total of 1389 participants were included in the review. The structured DSME interventions were culturally tailored and were delivered in‐person. They were associated with reductions in glycated haemoglobin in all studies: mean/median reduction ranged between 0.5% and 2.6% relative to baseline.ConclusionsThere is a dearth of literature on the association between structured DSME and glycaemic control among PLD in LMICs. The evidence available suggests that in LMICs; particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, structured DSME is associated with reduction in glycated haemoglobin. We recommend further intervention studies on the effects of structured DSME in LMICs.
INTERmittent FASTing in people with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus – the INTERFAST‐2 study protocol
Authors: Obermayer Anna , Tripolt Norbert J. , Pferschy Peter N. , Kojzar Harald , Jacan Angela , Schauer Markus , Aziz Faisal , Oulhaj Abderrahim , Aberer Felix , Sourij Caren , Obermayer‐Pietsch Barbara , Stadlbauer Vanessa , Sourij Harald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimIntermittent fasting, a dietary intervention of alternate eating and fasting, has gained popularity in people trying to lose weight. Intermittent fasting could provide an alternative to classic caloric restriction in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of a 12‐week intermittent fasting regimen compared with usual care in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin therapy.MethodsThis open, single‐centre, randomized controlled trial investigates participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy and a glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of ≥53 mmol/mol (≥7.0%) and a minimum insulin dose of 0.3 IU/kg body weight per day. Participants are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either 12 weeks of intermittent fasting or the standard care group. All participants receive dietary counselling, continuous glucose monitoring, measurement of the resting metabolic rate, an oral glucose tolerance test, body composition measurement via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and stool samples for microbiome analyses at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Two co‐primary outcomes (analysed in hierarchical order) were chosen for the study: (i) the difference in the change of HbA1c from baseline to 12 weeks and (ii) the difference in the number of participants achieving a combined end point encompassing a body weight reduction of at least 2%, an insulin dose reduction of at least 10% and an absolute HbA1c reduction of at least 3 mmol/mol (0.3%) between the two groups.
Megafruit and megafauna diversity are positively associated, while megafruit traits are related to abiotic factors, in tropical Asia
Authors: McConkey Kim R. , Campos‐Arceiz Ahimsa , Corlett Richard T. , Sushma Hosur Subbarao , Ong Lisa , Brodie Jedediah F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimFor tens of millions of years, herbivorous megafauna were abundant across the globe, fulfilling important ecological roles including seed dispersal. Megafruits are very large fruits that are dispersed most effectively by megafauna. However, megafruits also occur in ecosystems where megafauna are extinct or were never present, emphasizing our incomplete understanding of megafauna–megafruit relationships. Here we use the complex biogeography of tropical Asia to investigate how megafruit diversity and traits are associated with the diversity of megafauna, smaller animals, and abiotic factors.LocationTropical Asia, from the Indian subcontinent in the west to tropical China in the north to the Maluku archipelago (Indonesia) in the east.Time periodLate Pleistocene to the present day.Major taxa studiedMegafauna (body weight > 500 kg) that consume fruits, including stegodons, elephants, rhinoceroses, giant tapirs, and large bovids. Fleshy‐fruited plant species across the region with a fruit width > 40 mm (i.e., megafruits).MethodsWe compiled a list of all megafruits along with selected plant, fruit, and seed traits in 16 subregions across tropical Asia. We explored biogeographical patterns in megafruit diversity and traits in relation to the diversities of past and present megafauna, large‐ and medium‐sized animals and abiotic factors (mean temperature, mean precipitation, precipitation seasonality, insularity).ResultsWe identified 496 megafruits in tropical Asia. Megafruit diversity was highest in subregions with high megafaunal diversity, particularly extant species. Megafruit traits were influenced most strongly by abiotic factors (mainly temperature and land area), and weakly by megafauna and smaller dispersers.Main conclusionsOur results are consistent with megafauna maintaining or responding to megafruit diversity, but variation in megafruit traits is primarily associated with abiotic factors. Given the massive megafaunal losses in tropical Asia since the Late Pleistocene, it is important to identify fruit traits that can increase megafauna‐dependence and thus vulnerability to these losses.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Person‐Centered Care Assessment Tool
Authors: Yumoto Yoshie , Hiroyama Natsuko , Sasaki Miki , Fujinami Keiko , Otsuka Saki , Togari Taisuke , Edvardsson David , Ogata Yasuko 
Published: February 2022

AimTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Person‐Centered Care Assessment Tool (P‐CAT‐J) in a Japanese long‐term care setting.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey using self‐administered questionnaires distributed among the nurses or care staff of 2000 special nursing homes randomly selected nationwide using stratified random sampling according to each prefectureʼs ratio of numbers of facilities. The internal consistency of the tool was calculated using Cronbachʼs α and construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The criterion‐related validity of the scale was based on the partial correlation between the possible outcomes of person‐centered care (PCC).ResultsIn total, 324 samples were analyzed after excluding samples with incomplete P‐CAT‐J. Cronbachʼs α value for the entire P‐CAT‐J was adequate, although internal consistency values for each factor were not strong. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an acceptable value after adjusting for error variables. The partial correlation coefficients among workplace satisfaction, quality of care, PCC implementation and total P‐CAT‐J score were significantly correlated.ConclusionsThe overall P‐CAT‐J was developed with good reliability and acceptable criteria based on the responses of long‐term care staff in Japan. The P‐CAT‐J has the potential for international comparison and can provide long‐term care staff with PCC examples to learn relevant actions and concepts. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 344–349.
ERNST TOLLER'S LIVING NEWSPAPERS AND THE FEDERAL THEATRE PROJECT
Authors: Pilz Michael 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTDuring his first trip to the US in 1929 Ernst Toller was impressed by the Newsreel cinemas of William Fox. In his words – ‘die Zeitung ist lebendig geworden’ – the films were a sort of ‘living newspaper’. He tried to write such a ‘Living Newspaper’ in his first radio play Berlin, letzte Ausgabe! (1930), as well as in one of his last texts for the stage which was found among his literary remains: ‘Forget Europe!’ is a short concept paper he wrote for Hallie Flanagan's Federal Theatre Project (FTP) in the late 1930s. This article compares the different conceptions of the FTP's ‘Living Newspaper’‐plays with Toller's own ideas about bringing the news to the stage. Reflecting on Toller's poetics, I trace why the exiled author ultimately failed to finish his ‘Living Newspaper’ for the FTP.
Does voluntary cooperation in member state implementation require top‐down steering? The case of regional policy in Switzerland
Authors: Wittwer Stefan , Sager Fritz , Huegli Eveline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article studies the institutional conditions that facilitate voluntary member state cooperation in the implementation of regional development policy in Switzerland. Cooperation is crucial for the implementation of regional development policies given that functional perimeters do generally not coincide with institutional borders. Research on the governance of horizontal interorganizational cooperation often focuses on local entities and institutionalized networks, we examine the voluntary cooperation of higher‐tier subnational entities. We apply the institutional collective action framework to the implementation of a regional policy in highly federalist Switzerland where subnational entities have considerable discretionary power. The empirical analysis of comprehensive data on implemented development projects and a survey of all responsible subnational actors show that cooperation between higher‐tier subnational entities faces strong institutional constraints. We conclude that more top‐down guidance is necessary when horizontal cooperation is a condition for policy success.
Private management of public networks? Unpacking the relationship between network management strategies in infrastructure implementation
Authors: Busscher Tim , Verweij Stefan , van den Brink Margo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the aim to successfully implement infrastructure, implementation arrangements increasingly assign responsibilities for network management to private actors. In the literature, two types of network management strategies are distinguished: process design and institutional design. To date, research has focused on either of these strategies. Moreover, while private actors aim to use the institutional capital built in the network before the private actor was introduced, the role of institutional capital in network management is often overlooked. Taking these research gaps together, we aim to explore the relationship between the two network management strategies and the intermediating role of institutional capital. We compare three cases of infrastructure implementation from the Netherlands. We find that institutional design strategies, through setting the network rules in the implementation arrangement, can ignite a virtuous or a vicious circle, respectively, hindering or enhancing opportunities for network management through process design.
Ask us! Adjusting experience‐based codesign to be responsive to people with intellectual disabilities, serious mental illness or older persons receiving support with independent living
Authors: Heerings Marjolijn , van de Bovenkamp Hester , Cardol Mieke , Bal Roland 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionExperience‐based codesign (EBCD) is a valuable tool for participatory quality improvement. However, the EBCD process needs to be adjusted to make it suitable for long‐term care. The focus of the improvement process needs to shift to the care relationship, as this is an important part of the quality of care in these settings. Furthermore, the EBCD process needs to be made more accessible to vulnerable populations.MethodsThrough a participatory research approach, EBCD was adjusted to long‐term care. The research was conducted in two care organisations: one supporting people with serious mental illness and intellectual disabilities in independent living and one providing homecare services for older persons.ResultsThe participatory research resulted in the development of ‘Ask us!’—a method for critical reflective codesign. The research furthermore provided valuable lessons for participatory projects with vulnerable clients. A common problem with participatory research in long‐term care is ensuring the involvement of clients and informal carers. We report on various strategies developed to include experiences of a diverse set of services users, such as combining interviews with participant observation, photo‐voice and involving experts‐by‐experiences as co‐ethnographers. In close collaboration with an inclusive theatre company, these experiences were translated into 42 short videos on complex situations in the care relationship from the perspective of clients, professionals or informal carers. These videos instigate critical reflection and accelerate the participatory quality improvement process. Moreover, practical tools were developed to overcome barriers regarding the involvement of people with disabilities. These include the use of photo‐elicitation to enable participation of clients with disabilities in heterogeneous group discussions and involving experts‐by‐experience as proxies to share experiences of clients for whom participation in the ‘Ask us’ method remains inaccessible.ConclusionThe result of a robust participatory process, ‘Ask us!’ is a promising method for participatory quality improvement in long‐term care. The research furthermore generated lessons for involving vulnerable populations in participatory research and codesign.Patient or Public ContributionClients were involved as informants, sharing their experiences with the care relationship in interviews, photovoice and observations. They were also involved as consultants, helping to analyse input for the film scripts during data validation sessions.
Obesity in women living with HIV aged 45–60 in England: An analysis of the PRIME study
Authors: Ashraf Asma N. , Okhai Hajra , Sabin Caroline A. , Sherr Lorraine , Haag Katharina , Dhairyawan Rageshri , Gilson Richard , Burns Fiona , Pettitt Fiona , Tariq Shema 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesMenopause contributes to weight gain in women. We explored factors associated with obesity in women with HIV aged 45–60 years.MethodsThe present study is an analysis of cross‐sectional questionnaire and clinic data from the Positive Transitions Through the Menopause (PRIME) Study. We categorized body mass index (BMI) as normal/underweight (< 25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (> 30 kg/m2). We used logistic regression to explore demographic, social, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with BMI.ResultsWe included 396 women in this analysis. Median age was 49 years [interquartile range (IQR): 47–52]. Most (83.6%) were not UK‐born; the majority (69.4%) were black African (BA). Median (IQR) BMI was 28.6 (24.6–32.6) kg/m2; and 110 (27.8%), 127 (32.1%) and 159 (40.1%) of the women were normal/underweight, overweight and obese, respectively. Median (IQR) BMI did not differ in pre‐, peri‐ and post‐menopausal women (p = 0.90). In univariable analysis, being non‐UK‐born was associated with BMI > 30 kg/m2 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–3.53]. Compared with BA women, women of other black ethnicities were more likely to be obese (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.02–5.50) whereas white British women were less likely to be obese (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.68). Current smoking and increasing number of comorbid conditions were associated with increased BMI. We found no association between obesity and socioeconomic status. On multivariable analysis, only ethnicity remained associated with obesity (compared with BA: white British, OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.68; other black, OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.07–5.82).ConclusionsNearly two‐fifths of women had BMI > 30 kg/m2. Obesity was associated with black ethnicities but not with menopausal status. The combination of obesity and HIV may place women at increased risk of co‐morbidities, requiring tailored and culturally appropriate interventions.
Consumers going online for big‐box retailers: Exploring the role of feeling disconnected during a pandemic
Authors: Youn Song‐yi , Rana Md. Rafiqul Islam , Kopot Caroline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrawing from the theories of protection motivation (PMT) and the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study aims to understand the role of psychological distress (i.e., feeling disconnected) in retail consumer's attitude and behavior toward online shopping during COVID‐19 pandemic. An analysis of the data set collected from an online survey (n = 839) shows that the experience of online shopping at big‐box retailers during a pandemic provides not only a novel experience for consumers (i.e., the TAM perspective) but also a coping mechanism to mitigate the risk of infection (i.e., the PMT perspective). The result indicates that the experience (i.e., utility and enjoyment) of online shopping positively influenced consumer attitudes toward it while protection motivation (i.e., severity, self and response efficacy) also has positive effects on the attitude. Furthermore, feeling disconnected (i.e., less connected/more connected/no difference) moderated the effects on consumers’ attitudes to the online service. The study finds that the experience of online shopping at big‐box retailers during a pandemic provides an implication that consumers’ hedonic and utilitarian values and their protection motivations cater to the social and psychological condition within the extended theoretical framework.
Influence of different solid lipids on the properties of a novel nanostructured lipid carrier containing Antarctic krill oil
Authors: Lin Yunwei , Yin Wenting , Li Yujie , Liu Guoqin 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of solid lipids (lauric acid (LAU), myristic acid (MYR), stearic acid (STE), glycerol monostearate (GMS), glycerol 1,3‐distearate (GDS), glycerol tristearate (GTS), glycerol trimyristate (GTM) and glycerol trilaurate (GTL)) on the characteristics of novel nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing Antarctic krill oil through ultrasound. The fatty acids (LAU, MYR, STE and GMS) were unsuitable solid lipid materials, as apparent stratification was quickly observed during the NLC preparation. NLCs were successfully prepared using GTS, GTM, GTL and GDS. The zeta potential of all NLCs exceeded −30 mV indicating good uniformity and stability. These NLCs appeared spherical or oval. Differential calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed these NLCs formed imperfect crystals. As the carbon chain length of triglycerides increased from C12 to C18, the particle size of NLCs increased from 235.8 ± 2.3 nm to 340.5 ± 2.2 nm, the degree of recrystallisation increased from 39.06% to 49.99%, while the EPA encapsulation efficiency decreased from 88.72 ± 0.47% to 72.86 ± 1.06%. NLC prepared with GDS had the smallest particle size (112.4 ± 0.4 nm), the lowest recrystallisation and the highest EPA encapsulation efficiency (>99%). GDS was the most suitable to prepare high encapsulate efficiency krill oil‐loaded NLC.
Functional, amino acid composition and protein profiling of protein isolates from different pigmented, nonpigmented and improved rice varieties and their effects on starch thermal and dynamic rheological behaviour
Authors: Kaur Parmeet , Singh Narpinder , Pal Priyanka , Kaur Amritpal 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe amino acids composition, protein profiling and functional properties of protein isolates from different pigmented rice (PR), nonpigmented rice (NPR) and improved rice (IR) varieties were determined and their effects of incorporation on starch thermal, and dynamic rheological were evaluated to know the possible interactions in food matrix. Protein isolates (PI) from PR and IR showed better foaming capacity and, foam stability than those from NPR. PI from both the PR and IR showed higher proportion of histidine, threonine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine and isoleucine. PI from IR showed higher accumulations of glutelins (31 and 33kDa, 21 and 22 kDa) and prolamins (15kDa, 16kDa, 17 kDa and 20kDa) than those from rice types. Starches from IR showed higher storage modulus (Gʹ) and loss modulus (Gʺ) than that from PR, and NPR, and decreased on addition of PI. PI from PB1121 IR was more suitable for protein enrichment due to more lightness value, and superior functionality (emulsification and foaming properties). Starch‐protein interaction affects the functionality, and behaviour of matrix and, developing hypoallergenic infant formulations or other food products.
Synthesis and flash sintering of zirconium nitride powder
Authors: Das Suprabha , Dubois Diego , Sozal Md Shariful Islam , Emirov Yusuf , Jafarizadeh Borzooye , Wang Chunlei , Drozd Vadym , Durygin Andriy , Cheng Zhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZirconium nitride (ZrN) is a transition metal nitride of great interest due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. This study aims to synthesize ZrN fine powders by a facile and low‐cost urea route that avoids the use of any solvent. ZrCl4 and urea mixtures were heat‐treated at up to 1600˚C in nitrogen gas. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of different processing parameters such as metal to urea molar ratio, heat treatment temperature, and dwelling time on the product phase and stoichiometry were studied to understand the synthesis method. In addition, synthesized ZrN powder was consolidated into near fully dense single‐phase bulk ceramic with a homemade flash sintering setup. A constant DC electrical field of ∼80 V/cm and pressure of ∼14 MPa at room temperature triggered flash sintering without pre‐heating, and the entire process finished in 200 s. The composition, microstructure, density, hardness, and oxidation properties of the sintered pellet were also characterized.