bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung volume changes during apnoeas in preterm infants
Authors: Gaertner Vincent D , Waldmann Andreas D , Davis Peter G , Bassler Dirk , Springer Laila , Tingay David Gerald , Rüegger Christoph Martin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveMechanisms of non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) in preterm infants are unclear. We aimed to compare lung volume changes during apnoeas in preterm infants on nHFOV and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).MethodsAnalysis of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data from a randomised crossover trial comparing nHFOV with nCPAP in preterm infants at 26–34 weeks postmenstrual age. EIT data were screened by two reviewers to identify apnoeas ≥10 s. End-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) and tidal volumes (VT) were calculated before and after apnoeas. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were extracted for 60 s after apnoeas.ResultsIn 30 preterm infants, 213 apnoeas were identified. During apnoeas, oscillatory volumes were detectable during nHFOV. EELI decreased significantly during apnoeas (∆EELI nCPAP: −8.0 (−11.9 to −4.1) AU/kg, p<0.001; ∆EELI nHFOV: −3.4 (−6.5 to −0.3), p=0.03) but recovered over the first five breaths after apnoeas. Compared with before apnoeas, VTwas increased for the first breath after apnoeas during nCPAP (∆VT: 7.5 (3.1 to 11.2) AU/kg, p=0.001). Falls in SpO2and HR after apnoeas were greater during nCPAP than nHFOV (mean difference (95% CI): SpO2: 3.6% (2.7 to 4.6), p<0.001; HR: 15.9 bpm (13.4 to 18.5), p<0.001).ConclusionApnoeas were characterised by a significant decrease in EELI which was regained over the first breaths after apnoeas, partly mediated by a larger VT. Apnoeas were followed by a considerable drop in SpO2and HR, particularly during nCPAP, leading to longer episodes of hypoxemia during nCPAP. Transmitted oscillations during nHFOV may explain these benefits.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001516471.
Factors influencing the translation of shared cancer follow-up care into clinical practice: a systematic review
Authors: Sandell Tiffany , Schütze Heike 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe increasing incidence of cancer, coupled with improved survivorship, has increased demand for cancer follow-up care and the need to find alternative models of care. Shared cancer follow-up care in general practice is a safe option in terms of quality of life and cancer recurrence; however, there are barriers to translating this into practice. This review aimed to identify factors that influence the translation of shared cancer follow-up care into clinical practice.MethodsSystematic review. Seven electronic databases: MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, APA Psychinfo, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, were searched for published papers between January 1999 and December 2021. The narrative review included papers if they were available in full-text, English, peer-reviewed and focused on shared cancer follow-up care.ResultsThirty-eight papers were included in the final review. Five main themes emerged: (1) reciprocal clinical information sharing is needed between oncologists and general practitioners, and needs to be timely and relevant; (2) responsibility of care should be shared with the oncologist overseeing care; (3) general practitioners skills and knowledge to provide cancer follow-up care; (4) need for clinical management guidelines and rapid referral to support general practitioners to provide shared follow-up care and (5) continuity of care and satisfaction of care is vital for shared care.ConclusionThe acceptability of shared cancer follow-up care is increasing. Several barriers still exist to translating this into practice. Work is required to develop a shared-care model that can support general practitioners, while the oncologist can oversee the care and implement two-way communication between general and oncologists’ clinics. The move towards integrating electronic healthcare records and web-based platforms for information exchange provides a promise to the timely exchange of information.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191538.
LobE-Specific lymph node diSsectiON for clinical early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the LESSON trial)
Authors: Huang Weijia , Deng Han-Yu , Ren Zhi-Zhen , Xu Kai , Wang Yi-Feng , Tang Xiaojun , Zhu Da-Xing , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionLung cancer was the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in China or worldwide, and surgery is still the preferred treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The pattern of lymph node metastasis was found potentially lobe specific, and thus, lobe-specific lymph node dissection (L-SLND) was proposed to be an alternative to systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC.Methods and analysisThe LobE-Specific lymph node diSsectiON trial is a single-institutional, randomised, double-blind and parallel controlled trial to investigate the feasibility of L-SLND in clinically diagnosed stage IA1-2 NSCLC with ground-glass opacity components (≥50%). The intraoperative frozen section examination of surgical tissues confirms the histological type of NSCLC. We hypothesise that L-SLND (experimental group) is not inferior to SLND (control group) and intend to include 672 participants for the experimental group and 672 participants for the control group with a follow-up duration of 60 months. The primary outcomes are 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival. The secondary outcomes are metastatic lymph node ratio, postoperative complication incidence and mortality, duration of operation, duration of anaesthesia (min), the volume of bleeding (mL) and drainage volume. The intention-to-treat analysis would be performed in the trial.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the ethics committee on biomedical research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2021-332). Informed consent would be obtained from all participants, and dissemination activities would include academic conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberThis trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100048415.
Support after COVID-19 study: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study to develop recommendations for practice
Authors: Bulley Cathy , Tyagi Vaibhav , Curnow Eleanor , Nicol Kath , Salisbury Lisa , Stuart Kim , McCormack Brendan , Magowan Ruth , Sagan Olivia , Dewing Jan 
Published: August 2022

Objectives of study stage 1 were to: explore people’s experiences of illness due to COVID-19 while feeling socially isolated or socially isolating; identify perceptions of what would support recovery; and synthesise insights into recommendations for supporting people after COVID-19. Study stage 2 objectives were to engage stakeholders in evaluating these recommendations and analyse likely influences on access to the support identified.DesignA two-stage, multimethod cross-sectional study was conducted from a postpositivist perspective. Stage 1 included an international online survey of people’s experiences of illness, particularly COVID-19, in isolation (n=675 full responses). Stage 2 involved a further online survey (n=43), two tweetchats treated as large online focus groups (n=60 and n=27 people tweeting), two smaller focus groups (both n=4) and one interview (both using MS teams).SettingStage 1 had an international emphasis, although 87% of respondents were living in the UK. Stage 2 focused on the UK.ParticipantsAnyone aged 18+ and able to complete a survey in English could participate. Stage 2 included health professionals, advocates and people with lived experience.Main outcome measuresDescriptive data and response categories derived from open responses to the survey and the qualitative data.ResultsOf those responding fully to stage 1 (mean age 44 years); 130 (19%) had experienced COVID-19 in isolation; 45 had recovered, taking a mean of 5.3 (range 1–54) weeks. 85 did not feel they had recovered; fatigue and varied ‘other’ symptoms were most prevalent and also had most substantial negative impacts. Our draft recommendations were highly supported by respondents to stage 2 and refined to produce final recommendations.ConclusionsRecommendations support access to progressive intensity and specialism of support, addressing access barriers that might inadvertently increase health inequalities. Multidisciplinary collaboration and learning are crucial, including the person with COVID-19 and/or Long Covid in the planning and decision making throughout.
Impact of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label on purchasing intentions of individuals with chronic diseases: results of a randomised trial
Authors: Egnell Manon , Boutron Isabelle , Péneau Sandrine , Ducrot Pauline , Touvier Mathilde , Galan Pilar , Fezeu Léopold , Porcher Raphaël , Ravaud Philippe , Hercberg Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Julia Chantal 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo our knowledge, the effect of front-of-pack nutrition labels such as the Nutri-Score on food purchases has never been assessed among individuals suffering from nutrition-related chronic diseases specifically, while dietary modifications are generally part of their care. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Nutri-Score on the nutritional quality of purchasing intentions among adults suffering from a cardiometabolic disease, compared with no label and the Reference Intakes (RIs), a label already implemented by some food manufacturers in France.SettingSecondary prevention—mainland France.Participants2431 eligible participants were randomly assigned and 1180 participants (65.5% women, mean age 65.0±7.1 years) completed the shopping task and were included in the analyses.InterventionA three-arm randomised controlled trial using an experimental online supermarket was conducted in 2017. Participants with cardiometabolic diseases were invited to simulate food purchases with the Nutri-Score, the RIs or no label.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the nutritional quality of the shopping cart, estimated using the French-modified Food Standard Agency Nutrient Profiling System (FSAm-NPS), and secondary outcomes included the nutrient content of purchases.ResultsThe mean (SD) FSAm-NPS score was significantly lower in the Nutri-Score arm (1.29 (3.61) points), reflecting a higher overall nutritional quality of purchasing intentions, compared with the RIs (1.86 (3.23) points) and no label (1.92 (2.90) points) arms (p=0.01). Moreover, the Nutri-Score led to significantly lower content in calories and saturated fatty acids compared with the two other arms. These differences resulted from participants avoiding some packaged products (sweets, dairy and starches) and purchasing larger amounts of fresh fruit and meat.ConclusionsThe Nutri-Score exhibited a significant higher nutritional quality of purchasing intentions, encouraging healthier food choices among individuals suffering from cardiometabolic chronic diseases.Trial registration numberNCT02769455.
Randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of varying doses of linezolid with bedaquiline and pretomanid in adults with pre-extensively drug-resistant or treatment intolerant/non-responsive multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: study protocol
Authors: Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Devaleenal Bella , Ponnuraja C , Ramraj Balaji , Singla Rupak , Parmar Malik , Mattoo Sanjay , Mandal Sudarsan 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a global public health problem. Patients suffer for months if undiagnosed or treated inadequately, transmitting DR-TB in the community before succumbing to the disease. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment initiation and completion play a significant role in treatment success. However, extended regimens with injectable result in poor treatment adherence and outcomes. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of various doses and duration of linezolid (LZD) in combination with bedaquiline (BDQ) and pretomanid (Pa) after 26 weeks of treatment in adults with pre-extensively drug-resistant or treatment intolerant/non-responsive multidrug-resistant pulmonary TB.Methods and analysisA multicentric, randomised pragmatic clinical trial in India will enrol participants in one of the three arms—control arm (arm 1): BDQ, Pa and LZD 600 mg daily for 26 weeks or intervention arms (arm 2): BDQ, Pa and LZD 600 mg for 9 weeks followed by 300 mg for 17 weeks or arm 3: BDQ, Pa and LZD 600 mg for 13 weeks followed by 300 mg for 13 weeks. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with favourable outcomes as sustained cure and treatment completion. The secondary endpoint is unfavourable outcomes, including deaths, treatment failure, toxicity/adverse events and lost to follow-up till 48 weeks post-treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committees of participating institutes and the National Institute for Research in TB. The trial results will help establish evidence towards a safe and effective dose of LZD that can be used in a fully, all-oral short course regimen for highly DR-TB patients. The results of this study will be shared with the National TB Elimination Programme of the country and the WHO guidelines development group through publications and dissemination meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05040126.
Randomised trial to determine the effect of vitamin D and zinc supplementation for improving treatment outcomes among patients with COVID-19 in India: trial protocol
Authors: Sharma Kamal Kant , Partap Uttara , Mistry Nerges , Marathe Yogesh , Wang Molin , Shaikh Sanaa , D'Costa Pradeep , Gupta Gaurav , Bromage Sabri , Hemler Elena C , Kain Kevin C , Dholakia Yatin , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPresently, there are few population-level strategies to address SARS-CoV-2 infection except preventive measures such as vaccination. Micronutrient deficiency, particularly vitamin D and zinc deficiency, has been associated with dysregulated host responses, and may play an important role in COVID-19.Methods and analysisWe have designed a 2×2 factorial, randomised, double-blind, multi-centre placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of vitamin D and zinc on COVID-19 outcomes in Maharashtra, India. COVID-19 positive individuals are recruited from hospitals in Mumbai and Pune. Participants are provided (1) vitamin D3 bolus (180 000 IU) maintained by daily dose of 2000 IU and/or (2) zinc gluconate (40 mg daily), versus placebo for 8 weeks. Participants undergo a detailed assessment at baseline and at 8 weeks, and are monitored daily in hospital or every 3 days after leaving the hospital to assess symptoms and other clinical measures. A final follow-up telephone call occurs 12 weeks post-enrolment to assess long-term outcomes. The primary outcome of the study is to time to recovery, defined as time to resolution of all of fever, cough and shortness of breath. Secondary outcomes include: duration of hospital stay, all-cause mortality, necessity of assisted ventilation, change in blood biomarker levels and individual symptoms duration. Participant recruitment commenced on April 2021.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committees of all participating institutions. The study findings will be presented in peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numbersNCT04641195, CTRI/2021/04/032593, HMSC (GOI)-2021-0060.
Qualitative study measuring the usability of the International Cardiac Rehabilitation Registry
Authors: Abukhadijah Hana J , Turk-Adawi Karam I , Dewart Nora , Grace Sherry L 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveCardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive model of secondary preventive care. There is a wide variety in implementation characteristics globally, and hence quality control is paramount. Thus, the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation was urged to develop a CR registry. The purpose of this study was to test the perceived usability of the International Cardiac Rehabilitation Registry (ICRR) to optimise it.DesignThis was a qualitative study, comprising virtual usability tests using a think-aloud method to elicit feedback on the ICRR, while end-users were entering patient data, followed by semistructured interviews.SettingUltimately, 12 tests were conducted with CR staff (67% female) in low-resource settings from a variety of disciplines in all regions of the world but Europe before saturation was achieved.Primary outcome measureParticipants completed the System Usability Scale. Interviews were transcribed verbatim except to preserve anonymity, and coded using NVIVO by two researchers independently. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 informed analysis.ResultsThe ICRR was established as easy to use, relevant, efficient, with easy learnability, operability, perceived usefulness, positive perceptions of output quality and high end-user satisfaction. System usability was 83.75, or ‘excellent’ and rated ‘A’. Four major themes were deduced from the interviews: (1) ease of approvals, adoption and implementation; (2) benefits for programmes, (3) variables and their definitions, as well as (4) patient report and follow-up assessment. Based on participant observation and utterances, suggestions for changes to the ICRR were implemented, including to the programme survey, on-boarding processes, navigational instructions, inclusion of programme logos, direction on handling unavailable data and optimising data completeness, as well as policies for authorship and programme certification.ConclusionsWith usability of the ICRR optimised, pilot testing shall ensue.
Leadership to improve nurse engagement and empowerment: evidences to improve the training of nurses
Authors: García-Sierra Rosa , Martínez-Zaragoza Fermín , Fernández-Castro Jordi 
Published: August 2022

AimThe objective of this study was to identify the key dimensions of transformational leadership that influence the promotion of engagement and structural empowerment in a population of nurses from different care settings.MethodA cross-sectional survey study asking about engagement, leadership style and structural empowerment was used. Descriptive and correlational statistics were applied followed by hierarchical regression. 131 nurses were recruited from a Spanish health organisation using random sampling.ResultsIndividualised consideration and intellectual stimulation were predictors of structural empowerment in a hierarchical regression of transformational leadership dimensions controlled by demographic variables (R2=0.467). In addition, intellectual stimulation was a predictor of engagement (R2=0.176).ConclusionThe results are the starting point for the design of an organisationwide educational intervention to increase the engagement of nurses and staff development.
End-to-end multi-particle reconstruction in high occupancy imaging calorimeters with graph neural networks
Authors: Qasim Shah Rukh , Chernyavskaya Nadezda , Kieseler Jan , Long Kenneth , Viazlo Oleksandr , Pierini Maurizio , Nawaz Raheel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present an end-to-end reconstruction algorithm to build particle candidates from detector hits in next-generation granular calorimeters similar to that foreseen for the high-luminosity upgrade of the CMS detector. The algorithm exploits a distance-weighted graph neural network, trained with object condensation, a graph segmentation technique. Through a single-shot approach, the reconstruction task is paired with energy regression. We describe the reconstruction performance in terms of efficiency as well as in terms of energy resolution. In addition, we show the jet reconstruction performance of our method and discuss its inference computational cost. To our knowledge, this work is the first-ever example of single-shot calorimetric reconstruction of $${\mathcal {O}}(1000)$$

O
(
1000
)

particles in high-luminosity conditions with 200 pileup.
Remarks on sine-Gordon kink–fermion system: localized modes and scattering
Authors: Gani Vakhid A. , Gorina Anastasia , Perapechka Ilya , Shnir Yakov 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study numerically the kink–fermion interactions in a 1 + 1 dimensional toy model, which describes sine-Gordon kinks coupled to the massless Dirac fermions with backreaction. We show that the spectrum of fermionic modes strongly depends on the choice of the coupling, in particular, there are no localized modes for a minimal Yukawa coupling. We analyze the scattering of the fermionic packet by the kink. We demonstrate that the outcome of the collision dynamically depends on the phase of the incoming fermion packet, it results in alternating regimes of positive and negative acceleration of the kink.
Analogue quantum simulation of the Hawking effect in a polariton superfluid
Authors: Jacquet Maxime , Joly Malo , Claude Ferdinand , Giacomelli Luca , Glorieux Quentin , Bramati Alberto , Carusotto Iacopo , Giacobino Elisabeth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Quantum effects of fields on curved spacetimes may be studied in the laboratory thanks to quantum fluids. Here we use a polariton fluid to study the Hawking effect, the correlated emission from the quantum vacuum at the acoustic horizon. We show how out-of-equilibrium physics affects the dispersion relation, and hence the emission and propagation of correlated waves: the fluid properties on either side of the horizon are critical to observing the Hawking effect. We find that emission may be optimised by supporting the phase and density of the fluid upstream of the horizon in a regime of optical bistability. This opens new avenues for the observation of the Hawking effect in out-of-equilibrium systems as well as for the study of new phenomenology of fields on curved spacetimes.

Graphic abstract
Pretransitional of behavior of electrooptic Kerr effect in liquid thymol
Authors: Szpakiewicz-Szatan Aleksander , Rzoska Sylwester J. , Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMelting/freezing are canonical examples of discontinuous phase transitions, for which no pretransitional effects in the liquid phase are expected. For the solid phase, weak premelting effects are evidenced. This report shows long-range, critical-like, pretransitional effects in liquid thymol detected in electrooptic Kerr effect (EKE) studies. Notably is the negative sign of EKE pretransitional anomaly. Studies are supplemented by the high-resolution dielectric constant temperature-related scan, which revealed a weak premelting effect in the solid phase. Both EKE and dielectric constant show a ‘crossover’ change in the liquid phase, ca, 10 K above the freezing temperature. It can be recognized as the hallmark of the challenging liquid–liquid transition phenomenon.Graphical abstract