bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving Technological, Pedagogical, and Psychological Problems in Mobile Learning
Authors: Sakka Fadi , Gura Alena , Latysheva Valentina , Mamlenkova Elena , Kolosova Olga 
Published: January 2022

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to explore the various problems associated with the technological, pedagogical, and psychological aspects of mobile learning and develop recommendations for its improvement. Background: Mobile learning becomes increasingly popular today. This type of learning is relatively new. It has recently gained popularity due to the pandemic restrictions in 2020. As mobile learning is being actively used, educators, students, and other professionals begin to note its positive and negative sides. Methodology: The study is based on the method of experiment as well as an online 11-item questionnaire was conducted (developed by authors) with 110 teachers in Russian universities (Russian State University named by A.N. Kosygina, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, and Kuban State Technological University). Contribution: The practical significance and prospects for further research are based on the possibility of using the results in further study of the problem of the impact of mobile applications on specific indicators. Findings: It was found that, given the great prevalence of mobile devices today, there is every reason to implement mobile learning at universities. However, there are infrastructural problems that prevent the widespread use of this mode of delivery (problems with the Internet, old gadgets that do not support 4G, lack of technical support, etc.). Teachers also mention a set of problems associated with the quality of such training, which are mainly related to pedagogical and psychological aspects of the process. About 56% of university teachers say that students often behave irresponsibly during online classes. They are inattentive, tend to skip lessons, and do not hand in the tasks, which leads to a decline of knowledge and failing at tests and exams. Around 68% of teachers have difficulties adapting their teaching methods to a mobile learning environment. Recommendations for Practitioners and Researchers: This study proposes structured recommendations to improve the quality of mobile learning by advancing technology skills, adapting mobile learning to the needs of universities, and raising the motivation of teachers and students. Impact on Society: The results of the study can be used to analyze and compare the impact of mobile learning on society, efficiency in various fields, as well as mobile learning of students on future employment and life in society. Future Research: In the future it will be important to conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of mobile learning on students and teachers, to study the effectiveness of such learning in general.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to blood donation in a selected population in Jaffna
Authors: Ziyard S. , Amarasingam S. , Sangaralingam K. , Gamage P. K. , Sosai S. T. , Kumar R. , Seneviratne D. , Sooriyakumar T. 
Published: January 2022

Poor knowledge and negative attitudes among the public regarding blood donation have resulted in insufficient availability of blood and blood products for transfusion procedures in many clinical settings. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices related to blood donation and their associated socio-demographic factors in Jaffna. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among service-users at the Motor Traffic Department, District Secretariat, Jaffna, between 12 noon and 4 pm during a six-week period. Data were collected through an interviewer-based questionnaire. Frequencies, proportions, and the Chi Square test were used to analyze the data with SPSS (v25). The critical level was set at 0.05. A total of 300 service users participated; of them, most were females (59%), between 18 to 39 years (77%), with at least O/L qualifications (90%). Knowledge on eligibility criteria for blood donation was low compared to knowledge on risk behaviors that rendered them ineligible. Although an overwhelming majority (96%) believed that people should donate blood, only 21% had donated once in their lifetime. The most common reason for not having donated blood was that they had not been approached for blood donation (42%). Male gender (p<0.001) and being employed (p=0.013) were significantly associated with having donated blood. Knowledge gaps exist even among a fairly educated population in Jaffna. Attitudes on blood donation seem favourable, although practices are poor. Blood donation campaigns should address knowledge gaps and actively recruit the public for blood donation. Strategies should be developed to encourage voluntary blood donation.
Inguinal hernia repair under regional anaesthesia versus local anaesthesia: a comparative study
Authors: Prasad Keshav Y. V. , Ganguly Abhishek , Vyas Bhargav A. N. , Rai Shivaprasad B. K. , Bhat Srirama M. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThis study aims to compare Lichenstein's repair performed under regional anaesthesia and local anaesthesia. MethodsThis prospective study included two groups of 31 patients each with an uncomplicated inguinal hernia from surgical units of KMC affiliated hospitals. All patients underwent Lichenstein's tension-free repair either under spinal anaesthesia (group 1) or under local anaesthesia (group 2). Results from both groups were compiled and analysed. ResultsMean age was 50.45 (SD 16.49) in group 1 and 50.61 (SD 12.04) in group 2. Median time taken for surgery was less under local anaesthesia (1.17 versus 1.5 hours). Postoperative pain was less in the local anaesthesia group at 24, 48 hours after surgery, and after 2 weeks of discharge. Group 1 had higher cases of urinary retention. ConclusionLichenstein's repair under local anaesthesia was better concerning post-operative pain, complications and hospital stay.
Paraumbilical hernia: an accompaniment of obesity
Authors: Rajendra Sittampalam , Paramanathan Shathana , Karunarasan Darshika 
Published: January 2022

Background
Inguinal hernia, paraumbilical hernia and incisional hernias are common abdominal wall hernias commonly encountered in surgical practice. Smoking, straining during micturition and / or defaecation, heavy manual work, chronic obstructive airway disease and obesity are some of the recognized predisposing factors for abdominal wall hernias in adults.
Objective
The aim of the study is to analyse prevalence of the common risk factors of abdominal hernias among adults of both genders.
Methodology
This is an institutional based cross sectional analytic study carried out in adult patients with abdominal hernias registered at a surgical clinic, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, from January 2018 to December 2020. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the patients. Data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. P value
Clinico pathological characteristics and surgical treatment of carcinoma of the penis: a single surgeon experience
Authors: Susantha de Silva W. A. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionCarcinoma of the penis is a disease of older men with an increased incidence in 6th decade of life. It is a rare malignancy in men with an annual incidence of one in 100,000 worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 95%of the penile malignancies. It has a significant geographical variation worldwide with a high prevalence in African and Asian countries. Usually these patients present late resulting in devastating complications and treatment challenges.sulting in devastating complications and treatment challenges.Methods and materials A retrospective analysis of data collected from 2009 to 2018 in four different provinces in Sri Lanka by the same author. Data were collected prospectively using a pro forma data sheet by the author. This study analyzed the clinico-pathological characteristics of consecutive patients with histopathologically proven penile cancer. Human papilloma virus (HPV) types, HPV-16 and HPV-18 were not assessed.ResultsTwenty eight patients with penile carcinoma were analyzed. The age ranged from 26 years to 86 with a mean age of 61.30.The commonest presentation was a non-healing ulcer on the glans (13/28). None of the patients had undergone circumcision and 10 patients had phimosis at presentation. Majority 67.85% of the patients presented within three months of recognizing the problem. Majority had involvement of the glans penis (24/28= 85.71%) at presentation. Palpable inguinal lymph nodes were found in 10 patients and eight of them had bilateral palpable inguinal lymphadenopathy. Surgical treatment varied from circumcision to total penectomy. Twenty four patients had conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) while one patient had SCC in situ accounting for more than 85.71% of the tumour type to be squamous cell malignancy. Other types of malignancy detected were sarcomatoid SCC, Veruccous SCC and Basal cell carcinoma.ConclusionsThis study revealed that all patients were uncircumcised and 35.71% (10/28) of the subjects had phimosis at presentation which is considered as a risk factor for developing penile carcinoma. 35.71% of the patients were within the age group of 60 to 69 similar to international figures for age at peak incidence of the penile carcinoma. Commonest penile structures involved at presentation were foreskin and glans in keeping with international data. This observational study of penile carcinoma very clearly demonstrates and represents the similarity with the global pattern of this rare disease.
Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet Identifies an Essential Role for DNA Methylation in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Biology
Authors: Singh Rawat Bhupendra , Venkataraman Ramya , Budhwar Roli , Tailor Prafullakumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Diet plays an important role in lifestyle disorders associated with the disturbed immune system. During the study of methionine- and choline-deficient diet–induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we observed a specific decrease in the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) fraction from murine spleens. While delineating the role for individual components, we identified that l-methionine supplementation correlates with representation of the pDC fraction. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a key methyl donor, and we demonstrate that supplementation of methionine-deficient medium with SAM but not homocysteine reverses the defect in pDC development. l-Methionine has been implicated in maintenance of methylation status in the cell. Based on our observed effect of SAM and zebularine on DC subset development, we sought to clarify the role of DNA methylation in pDC biology. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis from the splenic DC subsets identified that pDCs display differentially hypermethylated regions in comparison with classical DC (cDC) subsets, whereas cDC1 and cDC2 exhibited comparable methylated regions, serving as a control in our study. We validated differentially methylated regions in the sorted pDC, CD8α+ cDC1, and CD4+ cDC2 subsets from spleens as well as FL-BMDC cultures. Upon analysis of genes linked with differentially methylated regions, we identified that differential DNA methylation is associated with the MAPK pathway such that its inhibition guides DC development toward the pDC subtype. Overall, our study identifies an important role for methionine in pDC biology.
Evaluation of left atrial dysfunction by speckle tracking echocardiography in systolic and diastolic heart failure
Authors: Ghanaym Ahmed , Elkhashab Khaled , AbdelRazek Gomaa , Mahmoud Eman 
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to assess the accuracy of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) to evaluate the left atrial (LA) function in patients with heart failure. And can it differentiate accurately between heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF=EF 41-49%) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF= EF<40%)? It included 186 patients of heart failure who were classified into 74 patients with HFpEF (LVEF>50%), 56 patients with HFmrEF (LVEF 41-49%), 56 patients with HFrEF (LVEF<40%), and 50 normal matched subjects. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) was more than 35 pg/mL for all patients. The conventional echocardiography evaluated left ventricle systolic and diastolic functions. The 2DSTE evaluated the LV global strain (LVGS), and strain and strain rate (SR) in each phase of LA function. LVGS was -19.3±2.3%, -18.0±1.7%, -16.1±2.0%, and -14.3±2.2 in controls, HFpEF, and HFmrEF, and HFrEF, respectively (p<0.0001); GPALS was 34.1±6.7%, 27.5±4.7%, 21.7±4.8% and 16.9±4.9% in controls, HFpEF, HFmrEF, HFrEF, respectively (p<0.0001); The GPACS was 14.8±4.3%, 12.3±2.2%, 9.7±2.3%, and 7.5±2.6% in controls, HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF, respectively (p<0.0001); The PALS-PACS was 19.4±3%, 15.1±4.4%, 12.0±3.4%, and 9.3±3.3% in controls, HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF (p<0.0001). Therefore, early LA dysfunction in heart failure can be detected accurately and easily by speckle tracking technique that could be a promising independent tool to better understand of heart failure and its classification.
Waist Circumference is a Better Predictor of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss When Compared to Body Mass Index among Nigerian Women
Authors: Yusuf Ashiru Hassan , Akuyam Abubakar Shehu , Tanko Murdakai , Hamman Wilson Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Recurrent Pregnancy loss is a common obstetrics condition with severe physical and psychological consequences to the patients and attending physicians as well. It affects 1-5% of women and up to 50% has no identifiable etiology. Obesity is one of the independent risk factor of this condition; however, the evidence of this association is conflicting. This study aims to further determine that obese women with higher visceral fat are at increased risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. The study was a cross-sectional case-control at a public referral hospital in Kano state Nigeria where 116 women with recurrent pregnancy loss were compared to a comparison control group consisting of 116 normal women. In addition to their socio-demographics, weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and Hip circumference were collected. It was discovered that Obese BMI range and High-risk value for WC were significantly higher odds of recurrent pregnancy loss (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.37-2.46; OR, 4.61 95% CI, 3.458- 5.696 respectively) Logistic regression analysis showed that the most important factor predicting the occurrence of Recurrent pregnancy loss was waist circumference. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve showed that WC has a considerably higher area under the curve (AUC) and BMI had the least AUC value. This study concludes that waist circumference may be superior to BMI as a risk factor of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.
Keywords: Recurrent Pregancy Loss, BMI, Waist Circumference
Effect of Paraquat Herbicide on Oxidative Stress Biomaker Enzyme Activities in C. Gariepinus
Authors: Nafi’u S. A , Suleiman K. , Ahmad M. K , Zakariyya M 
Published: January 2022

Toxicity assessment was conducted for 96hr exposure duration using synthetic herbicide (paraquat dichloride 276g/L) on Claris gariepinus with mean weight range of 27.2 - 29.7g and mean length 10.95 -15.5cm. They were exposed to varying herbicide concentrations of 0.0, 3.45, 6.90, 10.35 and 13.5mg/L with 5-levels exposure concentrations in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Liver, gills and kidney tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress enzymes activities using Solarbio science assay kit (BC1170, 0170 and 0020). Four days lethal concentration (LC50) value for 96hr was found to be 7.298mg/L. The treated fish displayed erratic swimming with irregular opercular movement, loss of reflex, mucus secretion and increased air gulping with the increasing concentration of the herbicide compared with the control fish. Antioxidant biomarkers activities revealed that Glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased significantly (P<0.05) in the gills, liver and kidney tissues at higher concentrations compared with control. It can be deduced that alterations in the oxidative stress enzyme activities in the exposed fish to paraquat exert toxic effect on the liver, gills and kidney tissues. It is therefore recommended that appropriate authorities should develop strategies on minimizing the indiscriminate use of synthetic herbicides due to their impact on aquatic biota such as fish in order to reduce its potential risk to other non-target organisms.
Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, Lethal concentration, Oxidative Stress enzymes, Paraquat, Toxicity assessment
Prévention du brunissement enzymatique de l’aubergine violette (Solanum melongena L.) par traitement thermique : analyses cinétiques et thermodynamiques
Authors: Yapi Jocelyn Constant , Ya Kouamé Claude , Gnanwa Mankambou Jacques , Kouame Lucien Patrice 
Published: January 2022

Le brunissement enzymatique est associé à l'action des polyphénol oxydases (PPO) et des peroxydases (POD). Les produits de ces enzymes provoquent des changements indésirables de couleur et de saveur des aubergines transformées. Une dopamine oxydase responsable du brunissement enzymatique a été isolée de l’aubergine violette (Solanum melongena L.). Ainsi, l’inactivation thermique et l’analyse thermodynamique ont été étudiées sur une base cinétique afin de contrôler ce phénomène physiologique. Les études cinétiques ont montré que l’inactivation thermique de l’activité dopamine oxydase de l’aubergine violette suivait une cinétique de premier ordre aux températures comprises entre 35 – 80 °C, avec des constantes de vitesse (k) comprise entre 0,0101 ± 0,0001 et 0,0865 ± 0,0004 min-1. Les temps de réduction décimale (D) et k ont diminué et augmenté respectivement avec l’augmentation de la température, indiquant une inactivation plus rapide de la dopamine oxydase à des températures plus élevées. Les résultats suggèrent que dopamine oxydase est une enzyme relativement thermostable avec une constante de résistance (Z) de 50.25 ± 0,7 °C et une énergie d'activation (Ea) de 40.65 ± 0,6 kJmol-1. Les résultats thermodynamiques ont indiqué que les réactions d'oxydation étaient : non spontanées (ΔG > 0), légèrement endothermiques (ΔH > 0) et réversibles (ΔS < 0). Ces données cinétiques peuvent être utilisées dans la prévention du brunissement enzymatique de la pulpe d’aubergine violette par l'inactivation thermique de l'enzyme.
Enzymatic browning is associated with the action of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and peroxidases (POD). The products of these enzymes cause undesirable changes of color and flavor of processed eggplant products. A dopamine oxidase responsible for enzymatic browning was isolated from violet eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Thus, thermal inactivation and thermodynamic analysis were studied on a kinetic basis to control this physiological phenomenon. Kinetic studies showed that thermal inactivation of dopamine oxidase activity in purple eggplant followed first-order kinetics at temperatures between 35 - 80 °C, with speed constants (k) values between 0.0101 ± 0.0001 and 0.0865± 0.0004 min-1. The decimal reduction times (D) and k values decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing temperature, indicating more rapid inactivation of dopamine oxidase at higher temperatures. The results suggest that dopamine oxidase is a relatively thermostable enzyme with a resistance constant (Z) value of 50.25 ± 0.7 °C and an activation energy (Ea) of 40.65 ± 0.6 kJmol-1. Thermodynamic results indicated that the oxidation reactions were: non-spontaneous (ΔG > 0), slightly endothermic (ΔH > 0), and reversible (ΔS < 0). These kinetic data can be used in the prevention of enzymatic browning of purple eggplant pulp by thermal inactivation of the enzyme.
Typologie des activités de chasse et impacts sur les espèces fauniques en Afrique Occidentale : revue de littérature
Authors: Habi-Boni Daniel Sika , Nago Sedjro Gilles Armel , Natta Armand Kouyéma 
Published: January 2022

Cette synthèse bibliographique vise à comprendre l’état des connaissances des pratiques de chasse et leurs effets sur les espèces de faune dans les périphéries des Aires Protégées d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle identifie également les lacunes dans les critères de classification des types de chasse et la prise en compte des aspects théoriques dans les diverses analyses. Trois types de chasse dont la chasse de subsistance (27,5% des documents), la chasse commerciale (63,75%) et la chasse sportive (8,75%) ont été identifiés. Si la chasse de subsistance prélève les oiseaux et les rongeurs en majorité, la chasse commerciale capture toutes les espèces rencontrées tandis que la chasse sportive abat les espèces avec les trophées comme les éléphants et les lions. L’impact négatif de la chasse est dénoncé par les auteurs lus. Bien que la prise en compte des aspects spatiaux et environnementaux et les caractéristiques biologiques des espèces prélevées soient importante dans la gestion de la faune, les documents analysés ont occulté ces aspects. Le présent travail suggère des études complètes sur la chasse traditionnelle en y intégrant les aspects spatiaux et environnementaux.
This bibliographic review aims to understand the state of knowledge of hunting practices and their effects on species of fauna in the outskirts of West African Protected Areas. It also identifies the gaps in the criteria for classifying the types of hunting and the taking into account of theoretical aspects in the various analyzes. Three types of hunting including subsistence hunting (27.5% of documents), commercial hunting (63.75%) and sport hunting (8.75%) were identified. While subsistence hunting takes the majority of birds and rodents, commercial hunting captures all the species encountered while sport hunting cuts down species with trophies such as elephants and lions. The negative impact of hunting is denounced by the authors read. Although the consideration of spatial and environmental aspects and the biological characteristics of the species collected are important in wildlife management, the documents analyzed have overlooked these aspects. The present work suggests comprehensive studies on traditional hunting by integrating spatial and environmental aspects.
Production and optimization of lactic acid using Chlorella vulgaris as a source of fermentable sugar
Authors: Agwa O.K. , Chukwunweike C.A. , Ire F.S. 
Published: January 2022

The use of plant waste product for maximum sustainability has led to the search for bio based raw material such as Chlorella vulgaris which can make a tremendous contribution on the ecological and economical production of different organic acids like lactic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic and or acidic hydrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris cell wall Intercellular starch as a source of fermentable sugar for lactic acid production. Lactic acid was produced through acid hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis and a combination of acid and enzyme hydrolysis of four different substrates. Each of the substrate was inoculated with a lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus plantarum) and a fungus (Rhizopus oryzae) while acid/enzyme hydrolysis was inoculated with mixed culture of the organism within a retention period of tendays. Results showed that the physico-chemical properties of C. vulgaris had a total carbohydrate of 17.4% and a reducing sugar of 24.0µg/ml. According to treatment, C. vulgaris had the highest reducing sugars (6.4 ± 0.2) and (4.4 ± 0.3) with Lactobacillus Enzyme Hydrolysis (LEH) and Rhizopus Enzyme Hydrolysis (REH) treatments, respectively indicating that C. vulgaris was the most hydrolyzed sample. Results of the optimization of various responses showed that using Corn Steep Liquor (CSL), REH day 2 treatment for fermentation at 370C for 48h were best combinations that yielded the optimal of Y1=0.249, Y2= 5.461 and Y3=33.704, respectively with a desirability of 0.619. The results indicated Chlorella vulgaris produced the highest lactic acid of about 20% signifying that its biomass contains high source of carbohydrate accessible for lactic acid production.