bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with rheumatic diseases in Japan: Interim analysis of a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Kashiwado Yusuke , Kimoto Yasutaka , Sawabe Takuya , Irino Kensuke , Nakano Shota , Hiura Junki , Wang Qiaolei , Kawano Shotaro , Ayano Masahiro , Mitoma Hiroki , Ono Nobuyuki , Arinobu Yojiro , Niiro Hiroaki , Hotta Taeko , Kang Dongchon , Akashi Koichi , Ohshima Shiro , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Horiuchi Takahiko 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of medication on antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 mRNA vaccines in Japanese patients with rheumatic diseases.MethodsThis prospective multicentre cohort study evaluated the humoral response in 12 different medication groups. Antibody levels before the first vaccination and 3–6 weeks after the second vaccination were measured using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. Statistical analysis included comparing antibody titres among the different medication groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Bonferroni–Dunn test and multiple linear regression analysis.Results295 patients were analysed. The seroconversion rate was 92.2% and the median antibody titre was 255 U/ml (interquartile range, 34.1–685) after the second mRNA vaccination. Antibody levels were significantly lower in the groups treated with Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor with methotrexate, abatacept, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), MMF or mizoribine combined with calcineurin inhibitor, and rituximab or cyclophosphamide compared with those treated with sulfasalazine and/or bucillamine or calcineurin inhibitor (p &lt; 0.01). The correlation between antibody titre and treatment was significant after adjusting for age, gender, and glucocorticoid dose (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsAdditional early vaccination is required in patients treated with Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor and methotrexate, abatacept, MMF, MMF or mizoribine combined with calcineurin inhibitor and rituximab or cyclophosphamide.
Time to Reconsider Hepatitis A Vaccination in Food Handlers: Are We Seeing More Outbreaks and Severe Disease?
Authors: Kim Hyun Sue , Torres Jordan Lydia , Baffoe-Bonnie Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The risk for secondary infection from hepatitis A-infected food handlers to patrons is deemed as low. Thus, hepatitis A vaccination is not specifically recommended for persons who handle food in the absence of other risk factors in the United States. We describe an ongoing food handler-associated hepatitis A outbreak in southwest Virginia and recommend policy changes that will incentivize food industry employers to embrace broader food handler hepatitis A vaccination.
Effectiveness of Casirivimab-Imdevimab Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Among High-Risk Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 B.1.617.2 (Delta Variant) Infection
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohanad M , Gungor Ahmet B , Nematollahi Saman , Zangeneh Tirdad T , Bedrick Edward J , Johnson Katherine M , Low-Adegbija Nicole E , Alam Ruhaniyah , Rangan Pooja , William Heise C , Ariyamuthu Venkatesh K , Shetty Aneesha , Qannus Abd Assalam , Murugapandian Sangeetha , Ayvaci Mehmet M S , Anand Prince Mohan , Tanriover Bekir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Summary
Retrospective analysis of the post–propensity score (PS)–matched cohort of 8426 outpatients balanced in clinical and demographic covariates showed that treatment with casirivimab-imdevimab monoclonal antibody was effective against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant to reduce hospitalization, mortality, and intensive care unit admission rates within 30 days.

Background
Real-world data on the effectiveness of neutralizing casirivimab-imdevimab monoclonal antibody (Cas-Imd mAb) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among high-risk patients may inform the response to future SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods
This study covers an observational retrospective data analysis in Banner Health Care System sites, mainly in Arizona. During the study period, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was between 95% and 100%. Of 29 635 patients who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between 1 August 2021 and 30 October 2021, in the Banner Health Care System, the study cohort was split into 4213 adult patients who received Cas-Imd mAb (1200 mg) treatment compared to a PS-matched 4213 untreated patients. The primary outcomes were the incidence of all-cause hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality within 30 days of Cas-Imd mAb administration or Delta variant infection.

Results
Compared to the PS-matched untreated cohort, the Cas-Imd mAb cohort had significantly lower all-cause hospitalization (4.2% vs 17.6%; difference in percentages, −13.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, −14.7 to −12.0]; P &lt; .001), ICU admission (0.3% vs 2.8%; difference, −2.4 [95% CI, −3.0 to −1.9]; P &lt; .001), and mortality (0.2% vs 2.0%; difference, −1.8 [95% CI, −2.3 to −1.3]; P &lt; .001) within 30 days. The Cas-Imd mAb treatment was associated with lower rate of hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.22 [95% CI, .19–.26]; P &lt; .001) and mortality (HR, 0.11 [95% CI, .06–.21]; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Cas-Imd mAb treatment was associated with a lower hospitalization rate, ICU admission, and mortality within 30 days among patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Among HIV-Negative Participants Using Tenofovir/Emtricitabine-Based Preexposure Prophylaxis in 2020: A Substudy of the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis PREVENIR and Inserm SAPRIS-Sero Cohorts
Authors: Delaugerre Constance , Assoumou Lambert , Maylin Sarah , Minier Marine , Gabassi Audrey , Genin Michèle , Beniguel Lydie , Ghosn Jade , de Lamballerie Xavier , El Mouhebb Mayssam , Costagliola Dominique , Carrat Fabrice , Molina Jean Michel ,   for the PREVENIR and SAPRIS-Sero Study Groups
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The potential preventive efficacy of tenofovir/emtricitabine on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was assessed in human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G between May and October 2020 was similar in PrEP users and in a matched population-based cohort, suggesting that tenofovir/emtricitabine has no role in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition.
Prevalence and Evolution of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Belgium Between 2013 and 2019
Authors: Mortier Virginie , Debaisieux Laurent , Dessilly Géraldine , Stoffels Karolien , Vaira Dolores , Vancutsem Ellen , Van Laethem Kristel , Vanroye Fien , Verhofstede Chris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
To assess the prevalence and evolution of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in Belgium, a total of 3708 baseline human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 polymerase sequences from patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2019 were analyzed.

Methods
Protease and reverse-transcriptase HIV-1 sequences were collected from the 7 national Aids Reference Laboratories. Subtype determination and drug resistance scoring were performed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Trends over time were assessed using linear regression, and the maximum likelihood approach was used for phylogenetic analysis.

Results
A total of 17.9% of the patients showed evidence of TDR resulting in at least low-level resistance to 1 drug (Stanford score  ≥15). If only the high-level mutations (Stanford score ≥60) were considered, TDR prevalence dropped to 6.3%. The majority of observed resistance mutations impacted the sensitivity for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (11.4%), followed by nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (6.2%) and protease inhibitors (2.4%). Multiclass resistance was observed in 2.4%. Clustered onward transmission was evidenced for 257 of 635 patients (40.5%), spread over 25 phylogenetic clusters.

Conclusions
The TDR prevalence remained stable between 2013 and 2019 and is comparable to the prevalence in other Western European countries. The high frequency of NNRTI mutations requires special attention and follow-up. Phylogenetic analysis provided evidence for local clustered onward transmission of some frequently detected mutations.
The value of ultrasound-defined tenosynovitis and synovitis in the prediction of persistent arthritis
Authors: Sahbudin Ilfita , Singh Ruchir , De Pablo Paola , Rankin Elizabeth , Rhodes Benjamin , Justice Elizabeth , Derrett-Smith Emma , Amft Nicole , Narayan Nehal , McGrath Catherine , Baskar Sangeetha , Trickey Jeanette , Maybury Mark , Raza Karim , Filer Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe value of US-defined tenosynovitis in predicting the persistence of inflammatory arthritis is not well described. In particular, the predictive utility of US-defined tenosynovitis of larger tendons is yet to be reported. We assessed the value of US-defined tenosynovitis alongside US-defined synovitis and clinical and serological variables in predicting persistent arthritis in an inception cohort of DMARD-naïve patients with early arthritis.MethodsOne hundred and fifty DMARD-naïve patients with clinically apparent synovitis of one or more joints and a symptom duration of ≤3 months underwent baseline clinical, laboratory and US (of 19 bilateral joints and 16 bilateral tendon compartments) assessments. Outcomes were classified as persistent or resolving arthritis after 18 months’ follow-up. The predictive value of US-defined tenosynovitis for persistent arthritis was compared with those of US-defined synovitis, and clinical and serological variables.ResultsAt 18 months, 99 patients (66%) had developed persistent arthritis and 51 patients (34%) had resolving disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that US-detected digit flexor tenosynovitis [odds ratio (OR): 6.6, 95% CI: 2.0 , 22.1, P = 0.002] provided independent predictive data for persistence over and above the presence of US-detected joint synovitis and RF antibodies. In the RF/ACPA-negative subcohort, US-defined digit flexor tenosynovitis remained a significant predictive variable (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.4, 15.8, P = 0.012), even after adjusting for US-defined joint synovitis.ConclusionUS-defined tenosynovitis provided independent predictive data for the development of persistent arthritis. The predictive role of US-defined digit flexor tenosynovitis should be further assessed; investigators should consider including this tendon site as a candidate variable when designing imaging-based predictive algorithms for persistent inflammatory arthritis development.
Mutation in the CCAL1 locus accounts for bidirectional process of human subchondral bone turnover and cartilage mineralization
Authors: Rodríguez Ruiz Alejandro , van Hoolwerff Marcella , Sprangers Sara , Suchiman Eka , Schoenmaker Ton , Dibbets-Schneider Petra , Bloem Johan L , Nelissen Rob G H H , Freund Christian , Mummery Christine , Everts Vincent , de Vries Teun J , Ramos Yolande F M , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To study the mechanism by which the readthrough mutation in TNFRSF11B, encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG) with additional 19 amino acids at its C-terminus (OPG-XL), causes the characteristic bidirectional phenotype of subchondral bone turnover accompanied by cartilage mineralization in chondrocalcinosis patients.

Methods
OPG-XL was studied by human induced pluripotent stem cells expressing OPG-XL and two isogenic CRISPR/Cas9-corrected controls in cartilage and bone organoids. Osteoclastogenesis was studied with monocytes from OPG-XL carriers and matched healthy controls followed by gene expression characterization. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and MRI analyses were used to characterize the phenotype of carriers and non-carriers of the mutation.

Results
Human OPG-XL carriers relative to sex- and age-matched controls showed, after an initial delay, large active osteoclasts with high number of nuclei. By employing hiPSCs expressing OPG-XL and isogenic CRISPR/Cas9-corrected controls to established cartilage and bone organoids, we demonstrated that expression of OPG-XL resulted in excessive fibrosis in cartilage and high mineralization in bone accompanied by marked downregulation of MGP, encoding matrix Gla protein, and upregulation of DIO2, encoding type 2 deiodinase, gene expression, respectively.

Conclusions
The readthrough mutation at CCAL1 locus in TNFRSF11B identifies an unknown role for OPG-XL in subchondral bone turnover and cartilage mineralization in humans via DIO2 and MGP functions. Previously, OPG-XL was shown to affect binding between RANKL and heparan sulphate (HS) resulting in loss of immobilized OPG-XL. Therefore, effects may be triggered by deficiency in the immobilization of OPG-XL Since the characteristic bidirectional pathophysiology of articular cartilage calcification accompanied by low subchondral bone mineralization is also a hallmark of OA pathophysiology, our results are likely extrapolated to common arthropathies.
MDA5 expression is associated with TGF-β-induced fibrosis: potential mechanism of interstitial lung disease in anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis
Authors: Shen Ning , Zhou Xiaopeng , Jin Xuexiao , Lu Ci , Hu Xiuhua , Zhang Yichi , Jiang Yu , Xu Qin , Xu Xiayan , Liu Minghao , Lu Linrong , Han Yongmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the high-resolution CT (HRCT) characteristics of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5 DM-ILD), and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the clinical phenomenon.

Methods
Clinical data and HRCT patterns were compared between anti-MDA5 DM-ILD (n = 32) and antisynthetase syndrome-associated ILD (ASS-ILD) (n = 29). RNA sequencing of whole-blood samples from the two groups, and in vitro experiments using human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs) were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of the clinical findings.

Results
The anti-MDA5 DM-ILD subset had a significantly higher incidence of rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD) than ASS-ILD (65.6% vs 37.9%; P = 0.031). The relative percentage of the lung fibrosis HRCT pattern was significantly lower in the anti-MDA5 DM-ILD group, especially the RPILD subgroup (P = 0.013 and 0.003, respectively). RNA sequencing detected the upregulated genes including interferon-induced helicase C domain 1 (encoding MDA5), and a trend towards downregulated expression of TGF-β signalling components in anti-MDA5 DM-ILD. In vitro culture of HELFs revealed that upregulated expression of MDA5 in HELFs was correlated with the downregulated expression of alpha smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, collagen I and collagen III by suppressing the TGF-β signalling pathway.

Conclusions
Anti-MDA5 DM-ILD patients have significantly less lung fibrosis and elevated MDA5 expression. The upregulated expression of MDA5 has relations with the suppression of the pro-fibrotic function of fibroblasts via the TGF-β signalling pathway, which may partially explain the mechanism of the clinical phenomenon.
Cutaneous Vascular Compromise and Resolution of Skin Barrier Breakdown After Dermal Filler Occlusion—Implementation of Evidence-Based Recommendations Into Real-World Clinical Practice
Authors: Loyal Jameson , Hartman Nina , Fabi Sabrina G. , Butterwick Kimberly J. , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Vascular occlusions that threaten skin integrity, although not an emergency like those that threaten a patient's vision, is an urgent situation. Accurately interpreting physical examination findings is paramount. The use of high-dose, pulsed hyaluronidase is the mainstay of therapy; however, adjunctive measures that may optimize clearance of an occlusion and/or skin barrier repair such as the use of image guidance and hyperbaric oxygen should be considered.

OBJECTIVE
To provide a review of the literature on the treatment of vascular occlusions threatening skin barrier integrity and develop a step-wise treatment guide.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors searched PubMed for peer-reviewed studies, consensus statements, case series, and case reports using a variety of keywords.

RESULTS
Twenty-six articles focusing on vascular occlusions threatening the skin barrier were reviewed. The authors collectively agreed on treatments to reverse vascular occlusions and restore the skin barrier. The importance of high-dose, pulsed hyaluronidase was clear. Therapies that lacked evidence such as sodium thiosulfate were also revealed.

CONCLUSION
A vascular occlusion that threatens skin integrity is an urgent matter which requires accurate interpretation of physical examination findings that will help guide intervention. High-dose, pulsed hyaluronidase along with adjunctive measures performed in a step-wise manner is key to an optimal outcome.
Effects of Transcendental Meditation on Blood Pressure
Authors: Schneider Joanne Kraenzle , Reangsing Chuntana , Willis Danny G. 
Published: April 2022

Background
The World Health Organization estimates that 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension. Although pharmaceutical management of blood pressure is available, there are reasons why people prefer not to take medications including costs, adverse effects, and lack of access. Nonpharmacological healthy lifestyle methods are needed. One alternative method is transcendental meditation (TM).

Objective
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively synthesize the effects of TM on blood pressure. In addition, we examined the moderator effects of participant, methods, and intervention characteristics.

Methods
We searched 19 electronic databases without date restrictions to March 2021 including the gray literature and specific journals for primary studies evaluating TM to reduce blood pressure in adults and written in English. We coded primary studies for 5 categories (source, method, intervention, participant characteristics, and outcomes).

Results
Across 18 primary studies (N = 1207), TM mildly improved systolic blood pressure by −3.3 mm Hg (P = .025) and diastolic blood pressure by −1.8 mm Hg (P = .008) compared with comparison groups, but the effects waned after 3 months. Transcendental meditation reduced systolic blood pressure in samples that were 65 years and older significantly more than in samples that were younger than 65 years (−1.44 vs −9.87, P = .021) but showed no differential effect on diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusions
Transcendental meditation mildly reduced blood pressure, but the effect waned after 3 months. Adults older than 65 years benefited more than younger adults. Transcendental meditation might be recommended as one aspect of a healthy lifestyle.
An elevated FIB-4 score is not associated with cardiovascular events: a longitudinal analysis from 137 842 patients with and without chronic liver disease
Authors: Loosen Sven , Luedde Mark , Demir Münevver , Luedde Tom , Kostev Karel , Roderburg Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Background
Liver diseases and cardiovascular diseases are closely associated. Noninvasive tests (NITs), such as the FIB-4 score, have been recommended by different guidelines to rule out advanced fibrosis and estimate the risk of liver-related outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs). However, the association of an elevated FIB-4 score with the development of myocardial infarction and/or stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) is unknown.

Methods
By using the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), which compiles diagnoses, laboratory values as well as basic medical and demographic data of over 7.5 million patients followed in general practices in Germany, we identified 68 921 patients with available lab values for FIB-4 score calculation between 2005 and 2019. Patients with an FIB-4 score of less than 1.3 were matched 1:1 to patients with an FIB-4 score of at least 1.3 by age, sex and yearly consultation frequency.

Results
In regression analysis, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of myocardial infarction was similar among patients with an FIB-4 score of at least 1.3 compared with patients with a low FIB-4 score of less than 1.3, regardless of whether patients with or without preexisting liver disease were analyzed. Moreover, there was no significant increase in the IRR of stroke/TIA between patients with a high or low FIB-4 score, both in the general population and patients with CLD.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the FIB-4 score is not associated with cardiovascular events both in the general population as well as in patients with CLD.
Homelessness and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Maestrelli Luiz Gustavo , Sousa Martins Silva Anderson , de Azevedo-Marques Périco Cintia , Torales Julio , Ventriglio Antonio , Castaldelli-Maia João Maurício 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present systematic review aimed to summarize data on the prevalence and treatment of depressive symptoms among homeless people. We referred to the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies on the topic. Among the 43 included studies, we found great variability in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among homeless people (ranging from 9.9% to 77.5%). Comparative studies among the homeless versus nonhomeless population showed that rates of depressive symptoms are 5 to 14 times higher in the homeless population. Similar differences were also found for suicidal ideation. The lack of research and treatment plans for this specific population further encourages more evidence and special therapeutic intervention. Although little has been found in the literature, a substantial improvement in the quality of life and reduction in depressive symptoms was demonstrated when therapeutic interventions were performed among homeless people (i.e., housing, nursing, access to community care and effective services and supports programs, mindfulness, pharmacological treatment).
Case Report: Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Authors: Jakirlic Naida , Harris Tiffenie 
Published: April 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy is an uncommon inflammatory chorioretinopathy that has been reported after vaccination. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, after vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a healthy adolescent boy.

PURPOSE
This report aimed to inform the eye care community about a possible ocular sequela of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

CASE REPORT
A 17-year-old boy presented to a clinic for a second opinion after sudden-onset blind spots in his right eye. His medical history was remarkable for receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 2 weeks before symptom onset. He had no history of ocular inflammation, autoimmune disease, or systemic infection. A diagnosis of unilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy was made based on the presence of typical fundus lesions and noninvasive imaging with fundus autofluorescence, retinal optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. The diagnosis was further confirmed with fluorescein angiography. The patient developed an anterior vitritis in the right eye 42 days after initial symptom onset. His unilateral intraocular inflammation resolved after a 5-week course of prednisone.

CONCLUSIONS
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy is a self-limited inflammatory condition of the outer retina that usually affects young adults and often does not require treatment. It has been reported to occur after vaccination for influenza, polio, hepatitis B, meningococcus C, and varicella zoster virus. This is the first known case to occur after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a healthy adolescent boy.