bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A near‐infrared spectroscopy method for the detection of texture profile analysis of Litopeneo vannamei based on partial least squares regression
Authors: Wei Changhui , Li Xinxing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmong aquatic products freshness testing methods, spectral detection method is the most commonly used rapid nondestructive testing method, and the quality structure index can be used as the judgment index of aquatic products freshness, so studying the near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy detection method of aquatic products based on texture index is helpful to improve the detection accuracy of freshness of products. In order to find a method for NIR spectroscopy based on texture indicators, we took shrimp as the research target, collected total 216 NIR spectral data of 680–2600 nm and texture index of sample for 8 consecutive days, and established a quantitative prediction model. In this study, we compared the effects of six spectral pretreatments on partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, including multiple scattering correction, standard normal variate transformation, mean centering, Savitzky–Golay (S‐G) smoothing, moving average method, and normalization. The results show that the PLSR model based on S‐G smoothing has the best model accuracy in prediction after the S‐G smoothing algorithm has preprocessed the spectral data. In addition, principal component analysis and the Mahalanobis distance algorithm were used in the study to remove abnormal samples to improve the accuracy of the model. Finally, the quantitative prediction model for qualitative construct indicators constructed based on the S‐G smoothing algorithm and the PLSR algorithm had better prediction results than the other models algorithm we considered, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.868 for the cohesive validation set and 0.781 for the elastic validation set of qualitative construct indicators. Finally, based on the above study, this study developed a prediction graphical user interface system for qualitative metrics of texture.Practical ApplicationsMost of the existing aquatic meat freshness detection methods are offline detection based on physical and chemical tests, and some use spectral technology to detect the chemical parameters of aquatic meat freshness. This project innovatively applies NIR spectroscopy technology to aquatic products. The physical parameters of meat freshness can be quickly detected online. By preprocessing the data samples and selecting the response characteristic wavelengths, a NIR spectroscopy prediction model of texture indicators with self‐learning ability and high precision is constructed, and the texture is established based on this. Indicator NIR spectroscopy prediction system. This whole process provides new research methods and analytical tools for rapid nondestructive testing of aquatic product freshness.
Effect of endoscopic treatment in patients with secondary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng Christine , Sauer Peter , Rupp Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSecondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a progressive disease with high mortality and characterized by chronic inflammation and biliary obstruction. Therapeutic options are limited. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of endoscopic treatment in patients with SSC, the outcome, and association with potential risk factors.MethodsData from all patients with SSC from 1996 to April 2021 were included.ResultsEighty patients with SSC were included. Seventy‐five patients (93.8%) underwent diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography; 46 patients (57.5%) could be treated endoscopically. Endoscopic treatment comprised removal of biliary casts (n = 36/75), dilatation of bile ducts (n = 17/75), and intermittent stenting (n = 11/75). Twenty patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (25%); 27 patients died (33.8%). Transplantation‐free survival was affected neither by endoscopic treatment nor by presence of biliary strictures, but bacteria positive bile culture was associated with better and increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels with poor outcome.ConclusionsSecondary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive disease with poor long‐term prognosis. Endoscopic treatment options seem to be limited regarding transplantation‐free survival but might improve quality of life and prevent local complications such as cholangitis. The observed limited effect of endoscopic treatment might be attributed to the rapid progression of this disease.
Time of day influences stress hormone response to ketamine
Authors: Birnie Matthew T. , Eapen Alen V. , Kershaw Yvonne M. , Lodge David , Collingridge Graham L. , Conway‐Campbell Becky L. , Lightman Stafford L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver 50% of depressed patients show hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Conventional therapy takes weeks to months to improve symptoms. Ketamine has rapid onset antidepressant effects. Yet its action on HPA axis activity is poorly understood. Here, we measured the corticosterone (CORT) response to ketamine administered at different times of day in the Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rat. In male rats, blood was collected every 10 min for 28 h using an automated blood sampling system. Ketamine (5/10/25 mg · kg) was infused through a subcutaneous cannula at two time points–during the active and inactive period. CORT levels in blood were measured in response to ketamine using a radioimmunoassay. WKY rats displayed robust circadian secretion of corticosterone and was not overly different to Sprague Dawley rats. Ketamine (all doses) significantly increased CORT response at both infusion times. However, a dose dependent effect and marked increase over baseline was observed when ketamine was administered during the inactive phase. Ketamine has a robust and rapid effect on HPA axis function. The timing of ketamine injection may prove crucial for glucocorticoid‐mediated action in depression.
Intraspecific variation and directional casque asymmetry in adult southern cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius)
Authors: Green Todd L. , Kay David Ian , Gignac Paul M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cranial casques of modern cassowaries (Casuarius) have long intrigued researchers; however, in‐depth studies regarding their morphological variation are scarce. Through visual inspection, it has been recognized that casque variability exists between conspecifics. Understanding casque variation has both evolutionary and ecological importance. Although hypothesized to be targeted by selection, intraspecific casque variation has not been quantified previously. Through a large sample of C. casuarius (n = 103), we compared casque shape (lateral and rostral views) between sexes and between individuals from non‐overlapping geographical regions using two‐dimensional (2D) geometric morphometrics. We found no statistically significant differences between the casque shape of females and males and few substantial shape differences between individuals from different geographic areas. Much of the intraspecific variation within C. casuarius is due to casque asymmetries (77.5% rightward deviating, 20.7% leftward deviating, and 1.8% non‐deviating from the midline; n = 111), which explain the high variability of southern cassowary casque shape, particularly from the rostral aspect. Finally, we discuss how our non‐significant findings implicate social selection theory, and we identify the benefits of quantifying such variation for further elucidating casque function(s) and the social biology of cassowaries.
Microneedling with cutaneous delivery of topical agents for the treatment of melasma: A systematic review
Authors: Brasil dos Santos Jenifer , Nagem Lopes Luis Phillipe , de Lima Gabriela Gomes , Teixeira da Silva Renata , da Silva e Souza Lorca Bárbara , Miranda Pinheiro Gláucia , Faria de Freitas Zaida Maria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder. Microneedling is an alternative treatment for melasma especially by improving penetration of pharmacological agents into the skin.ObjectiveThe main objective of this review was to systematize and analyze available evidence on the efficacy and safety of microneedling alone or associated with topical agents in reducing skin stains and improving melasma‐related quality of life in adult patients.MethodsOnly randomized clinical trials were included. The following databases were consulted: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and the gray literature. The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsThe search retrieved 719 records and seven studies were included. A total of 368 participants (96.19% women) were evaluated. Two studies were split‐face. Most of the studies evaluated microneedling associated with tranexamic acid. High risk of bias was presented by most studies, especially in the safety outcome. A significant decrease was observed in the MASI, mMASI, or hemi‐MASI scores, regardless of the topical agents associated. Meta‐analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies.ConclusionBased on the results of this review, microneedling can, in association with topical agents or isolated, be used safely in the treatment of melasma in the clinical practice, obtaining results on reduction of stain severity and improvement of patients' quality of life.
Opaque liabilities, learning, and the cost of equity capital for insurers
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Chun , Kim Hugh Hoikwang , Niehaus Greg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnalyzing major US property–liability insurers, we find that their cost of equity capital is negatively associated with their underwriting performance, but not with their investment performance. We provide cross‐sectional evidence that the difference is attributable, at least in part, to investor learning about opaque insurer liabilities. We also find that capital market and product market imperfections are important determinants of insurers' cost of equity capital. Overall, our evidence contributes to the important literature examining insurers' cost of equity capital, and it suggests that opaque liabilities are a distinguishing feature of insurers in determining their cost of equity capital.
Seagrass (Zostera marina) transplant experiment reveals core microbiota and resistance to environmental change
Authors: Adamczyk Emily M. , O'Connor Mary I. , Parfrey Laura Wegener 
Published: August 2022

AbstractZostera marina(seagrass) is a coastal marine angiosperm that sustains a diverse and productive ecosystem. Seagrass‐associated microbiota support host health, yet the ecological processes that maintain biodiversity and stability of the seagrass leaf microbiota are poorly understood. We tested two hypotheses: (1) Microbes select seagrass leaves as habitat such that they consistently host distinct microbiota and/or core taxa in comparison to nearby substrates, and (2) seagrass leaf microbiota are stable once established and are resistant to change when transplanted to a novel environment. We reciprocally transplanted replicate seagrass shoots (natural and surface sterilized/dead tissue treatments) among four meadows with different environmental conditions and deployed artificial seagrass treatments in all four meadows. At the end of the 5‐day experiment, the established microbiota on natural seagrass partially turned over to resemble microbial communities in the novel meadow, and all experimental treatments hosted distinct surface microbiota. We consistently found that natural and sterilized/dead seagrass hosted more methanol‐utilizing bacteria compared to artificial seagrass and water, suggesting that seagrass core microbiota are shaped by taxa that metabolize seagrass exudates coupled with minor roles for host microbial defence and/or host‐directed recruitment. We found evidence that the local environment strongly influenced the seagrass leaf microbiota in natural meadows and that transplant location explained more variation than experimental treatment. Transplanting resulted in high turnover and variability of the seagrass leaf microbiota, suggesting that it is flexibly assembled in a wide array of environmental conditions which may contribute to resilience of seagrass in future climate change scenarios.
May I See Your Credentials, Please? Displays of Pedagogical Expertise by Language Teaching Researchers
Authors: ROSE HEATH , MCKINLEY JIM 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is a growing popular discourse that the intellectualization of the field of language teaching has resulted in a growing divide between language teaching researchers and professionals. Some scholars have called for more holistic professionals, that is, people who embody the identities of both researcher and practitioner. To explore such positioning, this study analyzed author biographies (bios; N = 400) of research articles in leading language teaching journals that self‐identified as major avenues to communicate research to language teaching practitioners. Questionnaires were then sent to authors to probe further into their professional positionality and their perspectives on the importance of teaching experience for researchers. Results of the biographical text analysis showed that authors primarily positioned themselves as researchers through their research interests, academic qualifications, and publication achievements. The questionnaire (N = 233) revealed that authors had a wealth of language teaching experience and qualifications and viewed the relationship between research and teaching as important. Comparing survey data to biographical data revealed that a majority of researchers clearly underreported teaching credentials in their author bios. We conclude that researchers with relevant teacher identities to draw upon should foreground their professional expertise in their published work, especially in journal outlets that claim to operate within a teaching–research nexus.
Effective strategies in ending weight stigma in healthcare
Authors: Talumaa Britta , Brown Adrian , Batterham Rachel L. , Kalea Anastasia Z. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWeight stigma impacts negatively healthcare quality and hinders public health goals. The aim of this review was to identify strategies for minimizing weight bias among healthcare professionals and explore future research directions. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus (until June 2020). Studies on weight stigma reduction in healthcare students, trainees and professionals were assessed based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to analyze emerging themes. We identified five stigma reduction strategies in healthcare: (i) increased education, (ii) causal information and controllability, (iii) empathy evoking, (iv) weight‐inclusive approach, and (v) mixed methodology. Weight stigma needs to be addressed early on and continuously throughout healthcare education and practice, by teaching the genetic and socioenvironmental determinants of weight, and explicitly discussing the sources, impact and implications of stigma. There is a need to move away from a solely weight‐centric approach to healthcare to a health‐focused weight‐inclusive one. Assessing the effects of weight stigma in epidemiological research is equally important. The ethical argument and evidence base for the need to reduce weight stigma in healthcare and beyond is strong. Although evidence on long‐term stigma reduction is emerging, precautionary action is needed.
Safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer Amulet and Watchman 2.5 for left atrial appendage occlusion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Zhen , Song Hao , Song Guang‐Min , Bai Xiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) to decrease the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); however, certain complications remain a concern. Amplatzer Amulet and Watchman are the two most popular used devices for preventing stroke in patients with NVAF. We assessed the safety and efficacy of LAAO using the Amplatzer Amulet and Watchman.MethodsA meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy outcomes associated with the use of the Amplatzer Amulet and Watchman 2.5. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale has been utilized to assess the quality of study.ResultsThe meta‐analysis includes seven studies involving 2926 patients (1418 patients with an amulet and 1508 with a Watchman 2.5). Generally, adverse event rates for both systems were minimal. No significant differences between the two devices were found in safety (pericardial effusion, device embolization, and cardiac tamponade) or efficacy outcomes (death, TIA, stroke, major/minor bleeding, device leak, and thromboembolic events).ConclusionsThe data suggest LAAO is a safe procedure, regardless of which device was used. LAAO devices generally have low complication rates. Outcomes were comparable between the two groups with no significant differences in their safety or efficacy.
5,6‐Dihydroxyindole eumelanin content in human skin with varying degrees of constitutive pigmentation
Authors: Del Bino Sandra , Ito Shosuke , Sok Juliette , Wakamatsu Kazumasa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman skin contains two distinct components: brown to black, insoluble eumelanin and light colored, alkaline‐soluble pheomelanin. Eumelanin consists of 5,6‐dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid (DHICA) moieties, while pheomelanin consists of benzothiazine (BT) and benzothiazole (BZ) moieties. These melanin monomer units can be quantitatively analyzed through specific degradation products by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation (AHPO) of eumelanin gives rise to pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) as specific degradation products of the DHICA and DHI moieties, respectively. BZ moiety in pheomelanin can be analyzed as thiazole‐2,4,5‐tricarboxylic acid (TTCA). By reductive hydrolysis with hydroiodic acid, BT moieties in pheomelanin can be analyzed as 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxyphenylalanine (4‐AHP). As a recently improved AHPO–HPLC method enabled a better characterization of PDCA, this prompted us to address the question of DHI to DHICA ratio in human skin samples with varying degrees of constitutive pigmentation ranging from very light to dark. Results showed for the first time the ratio of 4 moieties: DHI 35%, DHICA 41%, BZ 20%, and BT 4%. The ratio is constant regardless of the degree of pigmentation. The high content of DHICA moiety may impart an antioxidant property to the epidermis melanin.
Breath‐holding physiology, radiological severity and adverse outcomes in COVID‐19 patients: A prospective validation study
Authors: Messineo Ludovico , Fanfulla Francesco , Pedroni Leonardo , Pini Floriana , Borghesi Andrea , Golemi Salvatore , Vailati Guido , Kerlin Kayla , Malhotra Atul , Corda Luciano , Sands Scott 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveCOVID‐19 remains a major cause of respiratory failure, and means to identify future deterioration is needed. We recently developed a prediction score based on breath‐holding manoeuvres (desaturation and maximal duration) to predict incident adverse COVID‐19 outcomes. Here we prospectively validated our breath‐holding prediction score in COVID‐19 patients, and assessed associations with radiological scores of pulmonary involvement.MethodsHospitalized COVID‐19 patients (N = 110, three recruitment centres) performed breath‐holds at admission to provide a prediction score (Messineo et al.) based on mean desaturation (20‐s breath‐holds) and maximal breath‐hold duration, plus baseline saturation, body mass index and cardiovascular disease. Odds ratios for incident adverse outcomes (composite of bi‐level ventilatory support, ICU admission and death) were described for patients with versus without elevated scores (>0). Regression examined associations with chest x‐ray (Brixia score) and computed tomography (CT; 3D‐software quantification). Additional comparisons were made with the previously‐validated ‘4C‐score’.ResultsElevated prediction score was associated with adverse COVID‐19 outcomes (N = 12/110), OR[95%CI] = 4.54[1.17–17.83], p = 0.030 (positive predictive value = 9/48, negative predictive value = 59/62). Results were diminished with removal of mean desaturation from the prediction score (OR = 3.30[0.93–11.72]). The prediction score rose linearly with Brixia score (β[95%CI] = 0.13[0.02–0.23], p = 0.026, N = 103) and CT‐based quantification (β = 1.02[0.39–1.65], p = 0.002, N = 45). Mean desaturation was also associated with both radiological assessment. Elevated 4C‐scores (≥high‐risk category) had a weaker association with adverse outcomes (OR = 2.44[0.62–9.56]).ConclusionAn elevated breath‐holding prediction score is associated with almost five‐fold increased adverse COVID‐19 outcome risk, and with pulmonary deficits observed in chest imaging. Breath‐holding may identify COVID‐19 patients at risk of future respiratory failure.
Side effects of labor market policies*
Authors: Caliendo Marco , Mahlstedt Robert , van den Berg Gerard J. , Vikström Johan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLabor market policies, such as training and sanctions, are commonly used to bring workers back to work. By analogy to medical treatments, exposure to these tools can have side effects. We study the effects on health using individual‐level population registers on labor market outcomes, drug prescriptions, and sickness absence, comparing outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. Training improves cardiovascular and mental health, and lowers sickness absence. This is likely to be the result of the instantaneous features of participation, such as the adoption of a more rigorous daily routine, rather than improved employment prospects. Benefits sanctions cause a short‐run deterioration of mental health.
Revisiting the nexus between globalisation and the shadow economy: Untying the influences of de jure versus de facto globalisation
Authors: Berdiev Aziz N. , Gomes Brandon , Saunoris James W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between globalisation and the size of the shadow economy, focusing on the differential effects of de jure and de facto globalisation. Using panel data on over 120 countries from 1991 to 2017, the results suggest that globalisation reduces the prevalence of the shadow economy. Furthermore, after differentiating between de jure and de facto globalisation, we find that both de facto and de jure globalisation are effective in curbing the spread of the shadow economy, with de jure globalisation showing a marginally larger impact. However, once we disaggregate the sample into OECD and non‐OECD countries, the results show that it is mainly the OECD countries driving this result while the influence of globalisation is statistically insignificant in non‐OECD countries. These results withstand a series of robustness analyses and offer important policy implications.