bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband generation of accelerating polygon beams with large curvature ratio and small focused spot using all-dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Lei , Kanwal Saima , Lu Yongzheng , Zhang Dawei , Chen Xu , Chen Jian , Wen Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Self-accelerating polygon beams have drawn growing emphasis in optics owing to their exceptional characteristics of multiple self-accelerating channels and needle-like field distributions. Various approaches have been proposed to generate polygon beams, such as using spatial light modulators (SLMs) or plasmonic metasurfaces. However, SLMs impede the miniaturization of the optical system and both approaches are subject to low efficiencies and demand an extra physical lens with a long focal length for Fourier transform, which limits the quality and the diverse variability of polygon beams. In this article, we demonstrate the generation of high-quality accelerating polygon beams in broadband spectra of 500–850 nm by utilizing dielectric metasurfaces. These metasurfaces integrate the functionality of the Fourier transform lens to enable the resulting beams with a large curvature ratio for the self-accelerating channels and a relatively small size for the autofocus region. The curvature ratio of the beam at λ = 633 nm is 31 times higher than the previously reported plasmonic-based method. While the size of the focused spot is 2.35 µm, which is reduced by nearly 15 times. The proposed beam generator provides ample opportunities for applications such as particle micromanipulation, beam shaping, laser fabrication, and biomedical imaging.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed by Striatal Interneurons Inhibit Striatal Activity and Control Striatal-Dependent Behaviors
Authors: Abbondanza Alice , Ribeiro Bas Irina , Modrak Martin , Capek Martin , Minich Jessica , Tyshkevich Alexandra , Naser Shahed , Rangotis Revan , Houdek Pavel , Sumova Alena , Dumas Sylvie , Bernard Veronique , Janickova Helena 
Published: February 2022

Acetylcholine is an important modulator of striatal activity, and it is vital to controlling striatal-dependent behaviors, including motor and cognitive functions. Despite this significance, the mechanisms determining how acetylcholine impacts striatal signaling are still not fully understood. In particular, little is known about the role of nAChRs expressed by striatal interneurons. In the present study, we used FISH to determine which neuronal types express the most prevalent beta2 nicotinic subunit in the mouse striatum. Our data support a common view that nAChR expression is mostly restricted to striatal interneurons. Surprisingly though, cholinergic interneurons were identified as a population with the highest expression of beta2 nicotinic subunit. To investigate the functional significance of beta2-containing nAChRs in striatal interneurons, we deleted them by injecting the AAV-Cre vector into the striatum ofbeta2-flox/floxmale mice. The deletion led to alterations in several behavioral domains, namely, to an increased anxiety-like behavior, decrease in sociability ratio, deficit in discrimination learning, and increased amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and c-Fos expression in mice with beta2 deletion. Further colocalization analysis showed that the increased c-Fos expression was present in both medium spiny neurons and presumed striatal interneurons. The present study concludes that, despite being relatively rare, beta2-containing nAChRs are primarily expressed in striatal neurons by cholinergic interneurons and play a significant role in behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA large variety of nAChRs are expressed in the striatum, a brain region that is crucial in the control of behavior. The complexity of receptors with different functions is hindering our understanding of mechanisms through which striatal acetylcholine modulates behavior. We focused on the role of a small population of beta2-containing nAChRs. We identified neuronal types expressing these receptors and determined their impact in the control of explorative behavior, anxiety-like behavior, learning, and sensitivity to stimulants. Additional experiments showed that these alterations were associated with an overall increased activity of striatal neurons. Thus, the small population of nicotinic receptors represents an interesting target for a modulation of response to stimulant drugs and other striatal-based behavior.
Ассортативность браков по уровню образования: изменения в связи с экспансией высшего образования в России
Authors: Зинченко Дарья Игоревна 
Published: February 2022

Работа посвящена изучению связи между охватом высшим образованием, динамикой его расширения, усилением гендерного дисбаланса в образовательной структуре населения и брачным поведением мужчин и женщин. Для анализа использованы несколько взаимодополняющих источников данных: РМЭЗ ВШЭ (Российский мониторинг экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ), Обследование рабочей силы и расчетные данные Росстата о численности постоянного населения за 1995-2015 гг. При построении мультиномиальной логистической модели эффект образования мы рассматриваем как на микроуровне (в качестве индивидуальной характеристики человека), так и на макроуровне (в терминах социально-демографических структур региональных брачных рынков). Проведенный анализ показал, что для мужчин получение высшего образования увеличивает вероятность состоять в браке, а для женщин – не снижает ее. Региональные характеристики слабо коррелируют с брачным статусом мужчин и женщин, но оказывают значимое воздействие на ассортативность браков. Среди женского населения гендерный дисбаланс в образовательной структуре населения в пользу является важным фактором распространения эгалитарного паттерна избирательности, в котором муж менее образован, чем жена. Мужчины на усиление образовательного дисбаланса в пользу женщин реагируют так же, как и женская часть населения, но с противоположным знаком. Они смещают предпочтения от брака, в котором жена имеет такой же уровень образования, в пользу союза с более образованной партнершей, потенциально имеющей более высокие доходы. Охват высшим образованием населения региона сказывается только на избирательности браков мужчин: снижает вероятность союза с менее образованной женщиной. Ассортативность браков для обоих полов не зависит от темпов экспансии высшего образования.
Maternal and neonatal outcome in COVID-19 infection - A tertiary care centre study
Authors: Ilakkiya M , Priya S Senthil , Jeyamani B 
Published: February 2022

With exponential increase in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2/COVID-19) worldwide Pregnant women and their fetuses are more susceptible to infection and poor outcomes. The risks to the mother appear to increase during the last trimester. The aim of this study was to summarize the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 during labour.Eligibility criteria includes pregnant women positive for COVID-19 during the time of labour as detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or dual fluorescence PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.A total of 30 pregnant women positive for COVID-19 as confirmed by RT-PCR, were included in the study. 14 cases (46.6%) had preterm deliveries and LSCS was the preferred mode of delivery in 12 of 30 i.e., 40% cases. There was a tendency for low Apgar score at birth, higher rates of IUD, fetal distress, NICU admissions. There was 5 IUD and one neonatal death. This study confirms that COVID-19 infection during pregnancy increases the risk of several adverse outcomes, including slightly higher rates of caesarean section, low birth weight, Preterm birth, IUGR, fetal distress, NICU admissions. Proper antenatal care, vaccination against COVID-19 for pregnant and lactating mothers should be encouraged to Prevent further spread of infection. Early diagnosis, referral and emergency management should be done to safeguard both mother and fetus.
Higher-order Topological Phase in a Simple Two-dimensional Dielectric Photonic Crystals
Authors: Yu Guanxia , Xiaomeng Yu , Yu shen , Haodong Wang , Guangyao Yuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a one-dimensional magneto-optic(MO) multilayer structure with the nonreciprocal transmission of dual-mode is designed. The energy band and transmission properties of composite structures are studied based on transfer matrix theory. Two pairs of nonreciprocal dispersive curves corresponding to edge modes appear in the bandgap. When the gain and loss factors are introduced into the multilayer structure, tunable and nonreciprocal extraordinary transmission appears above PT thresholds. Significantly, the composite structure with small and unequal gain/loss factors induces extraordinary transmission and keeps nonreciprocal frequencies stable. Such distinguishing properties may provide these structures with attractive applications as optical isolators and multichannel nonreciprocal optical devices.
RSUnet: A New Full-scale Unet for Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Chen Songhua , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Robust semantic segmentation algorithm of remote sensing images is essential for flood 8 detection, land use, land cover and mapping applications. However, high-resolution remote sensing 9 images contain a large amount of ground object information, showing diversity and complexity 10 with large intra-class variance, small inter-class variance and low-class discrimination, which makes 11 semantic segmentation more difficult. Especially when segmenting the edge of objects in remote 12 sensing images, it is easy to have irregular shapes and segmentation errors inside the objects. Re- 13 cently, Unet series of semantic segmentation networks have become popular not only in the field of 14 medical image segmentation, but also in the field of general semantic segmentation. Unet is based 15 on the symmetrical encoder-decoder structure. As an improvement of Unet, Unet++ is composed of 16 Unets of different depths. The skip connections in Unet++ are redesigned to achieve flexible feature 17 fusion in the decoder. However, it still does not make full use of multi-scale feature information and 18 there is room for improvement. In this paper, we propose a new Unet called RSUnet for semantic 19 segmentation of remote sensing images and Adaptive Feature Selection Module, which fuses deep 20 feature and shallow feature to the extreme and adaptively selects useful feature during feature fu- 21 sion to solve the problem of poor segmentation caused by the migration of Unet series of networks 22 to the field of remote sensing image segmentation, especially the poor edge segmentation of objects. 23 Experiments show RSUnet with adaptive feature selection module performs better than Unet series 24 of networks and other mainstream semantic segmentation models in five public remote sensing 25 image segmentation datasets.
The Extent Of Violence Inflicted On Adolescent Aboriginal Girls In The Northern Territory
Authors: Moore Susan , Condon John R , He Vincent Y.F. , Stothers Kylie , Williams Tamika , Guthridge Steven 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are at very high risk of violence but there is little evidence about the age at which their higher exposure to violence commences. The aim of this study is to investigate violence inflicted on Aboriginal girls during childhood and adolescence, relative to Aboriginal boys and non-Aboriginal girls.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using de-identified administrative data for NT residents aged 0-17 years. This study used linked hospital and child protection data to investigate hospitalization for injury caused by assault and substantiated child maltreatment involving violence (physical and sexual abuse). Results: The incidence of assault hospitalization and substantiated physical/sexual abuse was much higher for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal adolescents but similar for girls and boys to about age ten, then increased much more for Aboriginal girls than boys. In the 14-17 age-group, assault hospitalization incidence was 125% higher for Aboriginal girls than boys but 56% lower for non-Aboriginal girls than boys. 4.6% of Aboriginal girls were hospitalized (30.9% more than once) for assault between twelfth and eighteenth birthdays, compared to 3.4% of Aboriginal boys and 0.3% of non-Aboriginal girls. The incidence of assault hospitalization during adolescence was over three times higher for Aboriginal children who had substantiated child maltreatment during childhood. Conclusion: The very high levels of violence suffered by Aboriginal women commence in the pre-teen years. Non-Aboriginal girls are ‘protected’ from the rising levels of violence that boys experience as they progress through adolescence, but Aboriginal girls appear to be targeted rather than protected.
Go beyond image-based benign-malignant classification: AI can identify responsible frames better than physicians in breast ultrasound screening video
Authors: Jiang Yitao , Ye Xiuqin , Liu Yan , Cui Chen , Shi Siyuan , Wu Huaiyu , Tian Hongtian , Song Di , Yao Jincao , Wang Liping , Sui Wenhai , Huang Sijing , Yang Keen , Chen Jing , Xu Jinfeng , Xu Dong , Dong Fajin , Zhang Yun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in the world and the single leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Heavy workload and shortage of ultrasound specialists impede the penetration of breast cancer screening. To reduce the burden of sonographers and empower junior physicians, we propose a novel framework FEBrNet by integrating deep learning architecture with the idea of entropy from Information theory. FEBrNet is capable of auto-selecting responsible frames from ultrasound screening videos based on entropy reduce method and classifying breast nodules using Artificial Intelligence (AI). A combination of 13702 images and 1066 videos from breast ultrasound exams are used to train and test the robustness of the proposed framework. Reader studies show that FEBrNet has equivalent or even superior diagnostic performance to that of ultrasound specialists and that overall physician’s performance improves when using FEBrNet's recommended frames and corresponding prediction. Therefore, merging FEBrNet into clinical ultrasound screening workflow might bring actual benefit by helping address the scarcity of sonographers, so as to increase the use of ultrasound screening in cancer prevention.
Social Media Use and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis of 14 Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Lee Youngrong , Jeon Ye Jin , Kang Sunghyuk , Shin Jae Il , Jung Young‐Chul , Jung Sun Jae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Public isolated due to the early quarantine regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increasingly used more social media platforms. Contradictory claims regarding the effect of social media use on mental health needs to be resolved. We aimed to summarise the association between the time spent on social media platform during the COVID-19 quarantine and mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety and depression). Methods: We searched 327 studies from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. These studies evaluated the association between use of social media platform and mental health outcomes, including anxiety and depression, ascertained by various screening tools. We summarised the final 14 studies in terms of the odds ratios (ORs). Data analyses included a random-effect model and an assessment of inter-study heterogeneity. This meta-analysis review was registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration No CRD42021260223, 15 June 2021). Results: In studies regarding anxiety, overall studies had a pooled OR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.30–1.85; OR that would be categorized as having anxiety when increasing from "less" to "frequent") and mild inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 26.77%). In studies regarding depression, overall studies had a pooled OR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.14–1.80; OR that would be categorized as having depression when increasing from "less" to "frequent") and moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 67.16%). Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated that the excessive time spent on social media platform was associated with a greater likelihood of having symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Impact and adaptation to flooding: A focus on water supply, sanitation, and health in rural communities on the Barotse floodplain in Zambia
Authors: MILUPI Inonge D. , Wallace Corinne Schuster , Janes Craig 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Globally it is recognised that climate change impact is manifested through severe weather events that cause, for example, flooding. Floods have large social consequences for communities and individuals. This paper investigates the impact of flooding on water supply and sanitation conditions together with flood-induced health problems on the Barotse floodplain in Zambia. The study also explored rural response measures and adaptation strategies. This study relied on intensive field investigation in May 2021 where 99 households from different villages in the floodplain were randomly sampled to participate in a questionnaire survey. Key informants, including government officials from the Ministries of Health, Agriculture, and Local Government and Housing, were also interviewed. The findings showed that water supply and sanitation conditions are severely interrupted during flood periods, and this leads to various waterborne diseases. The findings further revealed that all pit latrines in the study area become submerged and therefore unsafe to use. Adaptation measures include boiling water before use and water disinfection using chlorine. Other, adaptive measures noted in the study area include open water defecation due to inundation of toilets, which further contaminates drinking water supplies.Based on the findings, the researchers propose that the government and other stakeholders should prioritise flood-proof water and sanitation facilities in the study area in order to improve the health of the rural community during floods.
Compatibility of Different Commercial Alloys in High Temperature Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Gen , Jiang E , Liu Weiwei , Yang Hong , Wu Yulong , Huang Yanping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, compatibility and long-term integrity of candidate structural materials, including austenitic stainless steel 316NG, Fe-Ni based alloy 800H and Ni-based alloy 625, were tested in high-temperature and high pressure SCO2. The exposure time was up to 3000 h. The results showed that the corrosion kinetics approximately followed a parabolic law for 316NG and 800H. After 3000 h exposure, all of oxide layers, mainly composed by Cr2O3, were continuous, compact and protective, and their thicknesses were about 21~45 nm, 64~88 nm and 34~43 nm respectively. In case of carburization, dark spots corresponding carbon deposition was observed on the surface and a little enriched in underneath the oxide for 800H. Moreover, enrichment of trace elements was found at oxide/substrate interface through GDOES and TEM analysis, i.e., enrichment of Mn, Si for 316NG, enrichment of Mn, Si, Al, Ti for 800H and enrichment of Ti, Al for alloy 625.
Involving Young People and Key Stakeholders in the Co-Production of an Educational Package for the English Schools-Based Universal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Programme
Authors: Fisher Harriet , Chantler Tracey , Finn Adam , Kesten Joanna , Hickman Matthew , Letley Louise , Mounier-Jack Sandra , Thomas Clare , Worthington Katie , Yates Julie , Audrey Suzanne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The English schools-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme is routinely offered to all young people aged 12-13 years, to prevent cancers affecting the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus and oral cavity. Lower uptake among some population groups has been identified, in part, because of unmet information needs among young people. To address these unmet needs we report intervention planning and development processes to co-produce an educational package about the HPV vaccine.METHODS: We used co-production research methodologies and the ‘person-based approach’ involving the following iterative stages: (i) collating and analysing primary and secondary evidence, including HPV vaccine communication materials and interviews and workshops); (ii) developing guiding principles; (iii) undertaking a behavioural analysis informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Behaviour Change Technique taxonomy; (iv) development of a preliminary logic model; (v) co-production of resources, and; (vi) refinement of resources informed by feedback from young people and key stakeholders. RESULTS: We co-produced EDUCATE, a theory-based educational package, that is designed to be delivered to young people prior to being offered the HPV vaccine to support uptake. Young people and key stakeholders identified the following key issues to include as content: (i) HPV-related information; (ii) how vaccines work; (iii) safety and side-effects of the HPV vaccine; (iii) eligibility for the HPV vaccination programme, and; (iv) preparation of young people to receive the HPV vaccine. A manual for professionals (e.g. immunisation nurses, school staff) delivering the intervention and a PowerPoint presentation, interspersed with five short films, were co-produced with young people and key stakeholders. Following feedback, the content of the EDUCATE package was refined to increase acceptability, engagement, and persuasiveness to the target users.CONCLUSION: Engagement with young people and key informants was integral to the development of our rigorously developed, theory-based intervention to address young people’s information needs about the HPV vaccination programme. The acceptability and persuasiveness of the package has been maximised by working closely with young people and key stakeholders to develop the content. Future studies to examine how the EDUCATE package is implemented in practice and the impact on uptake of the HPV vaccination programme are planned.TRIAL REGISTRATION: N/A
ADH4 is a TP53-associated immunometabolic signature for prediction of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Mou-bin , Zhang Yuan , Jiang Hui-hong , Wang Zhen-yu , Zhai Bo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is one of the most frequent mutated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whose mutations influenced tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated with a worse prognosis. Thus, finding out an accurate prognostic signature could be beneficial for improving the prognosis of HCC.Methods: HCC genetic mutation data, transcriptome data and clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA database to clarify specific TP53-associated signature based on differential expression genes (DEGs). We investigated the predictive value of this signature on the overall survival (OS), immune analysis and validation in clinical specimens.Results: In total, our research exhibited 270 mutant genes and TP53 mutation occupied 28%. Besides, 81 upregulated genes and 27 downregulated genes were identified. Enrichment analysis showed that mutant-type TP53 were enriched for pathways related to cell cycle and cell metabolism, while clustered most enriched for terms related to metabolic process and immune response. The gene alcohol dehydrogenase4 (ADH4) was identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and a nomogram was also established to validate this prognostic signature. Moreover, the low-ADH4 group in both TP53 mutant type and wild type displayed significantly worse OS than the high-ADH4 group. In addition, immune infiltration with higher expression of B cell groups showed an differential immune microenvironment. Specially, ADH4 expression and the prognostic prediction values were further validated in clinical samples.Conclusions: The TP53-associated immunometabolic signature is a specific and independent prognostic biomarker for HCC patients, and could provide potential prognostic biomarker for the development of novel immunotherapies.