bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic analysis of graft liver provides insight into the immune response of rat liver transplantation
Authors: Cao Wanyue , Lu Jing , Li Shanbao , Song Fangbin , Xu Junming 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAs an “immune-privileged organ”, the liver has higher rates of both spontaneous tolerance and operational tolerance after being transplanted compared with other solid organs. Also, a large number of patients still need to take long-term immunosuppression regimens. Liver transplantation (LT) rejection involves varieties of pathophysiological processes and cell types, and a deeper understanding of LT immune response is urgently needed.MethodsHomogenic and allogeneic rat LT models were established, and recipient tissue was collected on postoperative day 7. The degree of LT rejection was evaluated by liver pathological changes and liver function. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway analyses. The cells infiltrating the graft and recipient spleen and peripheral blood were evaluated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.ResultA total of 1,465 DEGs were screened, including 1,177 up-regulated genes and 288 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were involved in several immunobiological processes, including T cell activation, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and other immune processes. Reactome results showed that PD-1 signaling was enriched. Further research confirmed that mRNA expression of multiple immune cell markers increased and markers of T cell exhaustion significantly changed. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Treg decreased, and that of PD-1+CD4+ T cells and PD-1+CD8+ T cells increased in the allogeneic group.ConclusionUsing an omic approach, we revealed that the development of LT rejection involved multiple immune cells, activation of various immune pathways, and specific alterations of immune checkpoints, which would benefit risk assessment in the clinic and understanding of pathogenesis regarding LT tolerance. Further clinical validations are warranted for our findings.
Time-restricted eating for patients with diabetes and prediabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Lin Xiaoxiao , Guan Yihong , Wu Guomin , Huang Jinyu , Wang Shuai 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSeveral studies have explored the effect of time-restricted eating (TRE) on patients with diabetes and prediabetes. However, these studies have not been analyzed and summarized as a whole. We conducted a systematic review to summarize and analyze all studies about the efficacy and safety of TRE for patients with diabetes and prediabetes.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of the Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases and the time span was from inception to 1 May 2022. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) and ROBINS-I tools were used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The effect of TRE on weight loss, insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose, and the safety of TRE were summarized and analyzed.ResultsIn total, 7 studies with 326 participants including 5 articles with 217 patients with diabetes and 2 articles with 109 patients with prediabetes were included. The TRE windows were from 4 to 10 h. The percentages of females ranged from 0 to 90%. The mean age ranged from 35.2 to 67.5 years, and most of patients adhered to TRE. All studies were assessed as high quality. TRE may result in weight loss, and improvements in the insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose, with no severe AEs.ConclusionTime-restricted eating is a safe and feasible intervention, and may offer cardiovascular and metabolic benefits for patients with diabetes and prediabetes. Studies in this field, which should be viewed as important, are limited. Therefore, more high-quality studies are needed.
Does radiation therapy need more than two photon energies from Linac?
Authors: Zhang Xile , Zhou Fugen , Liu Bo , Xiong Tianyu , Bai Xiangzhi , Wu Qiuwen 
Published: November 2022

PurposeModern Linacs are equipped with multiple photon energies for radiation therapy, and proper energy is chosen for each case based on tumor characteristics and patient anatomy. The aim of this study is to investigate whether it is necessary to have more than two photons energies.MethodsThe principle of photon energy synthesis is presented. It is shown that a photon beam of any intermediate energy (Esyn) can be synthesized from a linear combination of a low energy (Elow) and a high energy (Ehigh). The principle is validated on a wide range of scenarios: different intermediate photon energies on the same Linac; between Linacs from the same manufacturer or different manufacturers; open and wedge beams; and extensive photon energies available from published reference data. In addition, 3D dose distributions in water phantom are compared using Gamma analysis. The method is further demonstrated in clinical cases of various tumor sites and multiple treatment modalities. Experimental measurements are performed for IMRT plans and they are analyzed using the standard clinical protocol.ResultsThe synthesis coefficients vary with energy and field size. The root mean square error (RMSE) is within 1.1% for open and wedge fields. Excellent agreement was observed for British Journal of Radiology (BJR) data with an average RMSE of 0.11%. The 3D Gamma analysis shows a good match for all field sizes in the water phantom and all treatment modalities for the five clinical cases. The minimum gamma passing rate of 95.7% was achieved at 1%/1mm criteria for two measured dose distributions of IMRT plans.ConclusionA Linac with two photon energies is capable of producing dosimetrically equivalent plans of any energy in-between through the photon energy synthesis, supporting the notion that there is no need to equip more than two photon energies on each Linac. This can significantly reduce the cost of equipment for radiation therapy.
COVID-19 pandemic impact on follow-up of child growth and development in Brazil
Authors: Carneiro Lucas Lima , Vieira Ed Wilson Rodrigues , Duarte Elysângela Dittz , da Rocha Najara Barbosa , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo , Caminhas Walmir 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the primary health care (PHC) services to follow-up the child growth and development (CGD) in Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data related visits to assess the growth and development of children up to five years between Apr-2017 to Mar-2021. Differences between monthly rate of visits (per thousand inhabitants up to five) during the pandemic (Apr-2020 to Mar-2021) and before (Apr-2017 to Mar-2020) were analyzed using paired t test and control diagrams (averages ± 1.96 standard deviation).ResultsA total of 39,599,313 visits for monitoring CGD was studied. The average monthly rate of visits dropped from 61.34 (per thousand) before the pandemic to 39.70 in the first 12 months of the pandemic (p &lt; 0.001). In all states, except Rio Grande do Sul, there was a significant reduction, with differences ranging from −14.21% in São Paulo to −59.66% in Ceará. The Northeast region was the most impacted, being lower than expected in all 12 first months of pandemic.ConclusionsThe number of visits to follow-up the CGD in PHC in Brazil decreased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, varying over the months and between states and regions.
The ABBA project (Assess Better Before Access): A retrospective cohort study of neonatal intravascular device outcomes
Authors: van Rens Matheus F. P. T. , Bayoumi Mohammad A. A. , van de Hoogen Agnes , Francia Airene L. V. , Cabanillas Irian J. , van Loon Fredericus H. J. , Spencer Timothy R. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundVenous access devices (VADs) play a vital role within the neonatal intensive care unit. However, there are significant risks associated with the use of VADs, with complications such as infection, thrombosis, device occlusion, and infiltration/extravasation frequently contributing to device-related failures and increasing the risk of significant patient harm or injury. This study aimed to explore the relationships between risk factors and different venous access device complications in the neonatal setting, and then use that evidence to develop an algorithm based on observational data.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single-center cohort study that was conducted in a large 112-bed neonatal intensive care unit in Qatar. We examined venous access device data from January 2016 to December 2018 for all term and preterm neonates. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the outcomes, which included a mean and its standard deviation or median and an interquartile range for continuous variables regarding normal distribution, and absolute numbers with percentages for discrete variables.ResultsThe authors recorded a total of 23,858 VADs inserted during the study period. Of these, 21,313 (89%) were peripheral intravenous catheters, 689 (3%) were extended dwell-peripheral intravenous catheters, 1,335 (6%) were epicutaneo-caval catheters, and 521 (2%) were umbilical venous catheters. In total, 51,179 catheter days were registered, with 2.17 catheter days reported per patient. Peripheral device dwell times were significantly shorter when compared with central venous catheter devices (P &lt; 0.001), with mean dwell times of 22 days ± 23 h and 236 days ± 183 h, respectively. After insertion, a complication occurred in 11,177 (51%) of peripheral VADs and 221 (12%) of central VADs. The type of device inserted [P &lt; 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50–0.54], reason/indication for intravenous therapy (P &lt; 0.001, HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82–0.87), and the side of insertion of the device (P &lt; 0.001, HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.24–1.27) had a significant relationship with outcomes.ConclusionsFour subgroups of VADs were identified (peripheral intravenous catheters, extended dwell-peripheral intravenous devices, epicutaneo-caval catheters, and umbilical venous catheters) with outcome-related differences. Central venous access devices (epicutaneo-caval catheters and umbilical venous catheters) had lower complications compared with peripheral VADs. Proper venous access device selection, early insertion, and early removal approaches remain crucial to preventing venous access device complications. Peripheral intravenous devices should be used carefully and closely watched for early detection of complications.
Mitochondrial toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections with a dual in vitro approach
Authors: Shen Yunfu , Guo Kaiqiang , Ma Aijun , Huang Zhe , Du Jingjing , Chen Junhe , Lin Qianyu , Wei Chengming , Wang Zi , Zhang Fuming , Zhang Juan , Lin Wanjun , Feng Na , Ma Wenzhe 
Published: November 2022

Graphical AbstractA dual in vitro mitochondrial toxicity assay approach combing the conventional “glucose/galactose” assay in HepG2 cells with the cytotoxic assay in mitochondrial respiration deficient cells was established in this study. Using this platform, we systematically assessed the mitochondrial toxicity of TCM injections for the first time. Four TCM injections were identified with potential mitochondrial toxicity. Their toxic ingredients were predicted by molecular docking and validated by the dual in vitro approach.
Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Shatian pomelo (Citrus grandis var. Shatinyu Hort) leaves provide insights into the overexpression of the gibberellin-induced gene CcGASA4
Authors: Wu Tianli , Liu Kaidong , Chen Min , Jiang Bo , Gong Qijing , Zhong Yun 
Published: November 2022

The gibberellic acid (GA)-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is highly specific to plants and plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. CcGASA4 is a member of the GASA gene family in citrus plants; however, the current understanding of its function in citrus is limited. We used CcGASA4-overexpression transgenic citrus (OEGA) and control (CON) plants to study the role of CcGASA4 in Shatian pomelo. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that 3,522 genes, including 1,578 upregulated and 1,944 downregulated genes, were significantly differentially expressed in the CON versus OEGA groups. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 178 of the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with flowers. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in 134 pathways, including “plant–pathogen interaction”, “MAPK signaling pathway-plant”, “phenylpropane biosynthesis”, “plant hormone signal transduction”, “phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis”, and “flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis”. The most significantly-enriched pathway was “plant–pathogen interaction”, in which 203 DEGs were enriched (126 DEGs were upregulated and 78 were downregulated). The metabolome analysis showed that 644 metabolites were detected in the OEGA and CON samples, including 294 differentially-accumulated metabolites (DAMs; 83 upregulated versus 211 downregulated in OEGA compared to CON). The metabolic pathway analysis showed that these DAMs were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. Thirteen flavonoids and isoflavones were identified as DAMs in OEGA and CON. We also discovered 25 OEGA-specific accumulated metabolites and found 10 that were associated with disease resistance. CcGASA4 may therefore play a functional role in activating the expression of MAPK signaling transduction pathway and disease resistance genes, inhibiting the expression of auxin- and ethylene-related genes, and activating or inhibiting the expression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis- and abscisic acid-related genes. CcGASA4 may also play a role in regulating the composition and abundance of flavonoids, isoflavones, amino acids, purines, and phenolic compounds. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of CcGASA4 in citrus plants.
MDMA-assisted therapy is associated with a reduction in chronic pain among people with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Christie Devon , Yazar-Klosinski Berra , Nosova Ekaterina , Kryskow Pam , Siu Will , Lessor Danielle , Argento Elena 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionIncreasing evidence demonstrates 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) may be a safe and effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is growing interest in MDMA-AT to address a range of other health challenges. Chronic pain and PTSD are frequently comorbid, reciprocally interdependent conditions, though the possible role of MDMA-AT in treating chronic pain remains under-investigated. The present analysis examined the impact of manualized MDMA-AT on chronic pain severity among participants with PTSD who were enrolled in a Phase 2 clinical trial investigating MDMA-AT for PTSD (NCT03282123).Materials and methodsExploratory data from a subset of participants who completed chronic pain measures (n = 32) were drawn from a Phase 2 open-label study sponsored by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Multivariable analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to compare pre- vs. post-treatment Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS) values, adjusting for demographics (age, sex, and ethnicity). K-means clustering was then used to group the sample into three clusters to denote high (n = 9), medium (n = 11), and low (n = 12) baseline pain severity, and the same analysis was repeated for each cluster.ResultsAmong the 32 participants included in this analysis, 59% (n = 19) were women, 72% (n = 23) were white, and median age was 38 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 31–47]. Overall, 84% (n = 27) reported having pain, and 75% (n = 24) reported disability associated with their pain. Significant reductions in CPGS subscales for pain intensity and disability score, and overall CPGS severity grade were observed among participants in the highest pain cluster (n = 9, p &lt; 0.05), and for pain intensity in the medium pain cluster (n = 11, p &lt; 0.05) post- vs. pre-treatment.DiscussionFindings demonstrate a high prevalence of chronic pain in this sample of people with severe PTSD and that chronic pain scores among medium and high pain subgroups were significantly lower following MDMA-AT. While these data are preliminary, when considered alongside the frequency of comorbid chronic pain and PTSD and promising efficacy of MDMA-AT for treating PTSD, these findings encourage further research exploring the role of MDMA-AT for chronic pain.
Retirement and elderly health in China: Based on propensity score matching
Authors: Peng Xin , Yin Jin , Wang Yi , Chen Xinrui , Qing Liyuan , Wang Yunna , Yang Tong , Deng Dan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between retirement and health is important to the formulation of retirement related policies but is a controversial topic, perhaps because selection bias has not been well-addressed in previous studies through traditional analysis methods. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study explored the potential impact of retirement on the health of elderly Chinese individuals, adjusting for selection bias.MethodsWe balanced the baseline differences between retirement groups and working groups based on nearest neighbor matching and genetic matching with a generalized boosted model (GBM), and regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of retirement on the health of elderly individuals.ResultsNo significant difference was found in any of the covariates between the two groups after matching. Genetic matching performed better than nearest neighbor matching in balancing the covariates. Compared to the working group, the retirement group had a 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65–0.94, P = 0.026) times higher probability of self-reported physical pain, a 0.76 (95% CI: 0.62–0.93, P = 0.023) times higher probability of depression, and a 0.57-point (95% CI: 0.37–0.78, P &lt; 0.001) improvement in cognitive status score. Among male, the retirement group had a 0.89-point (95% CI: 0.45–1.33, P &lt; 0.001) improvement in cognitive status score for low education, a 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46–0.92, P = 0.042) times higher probability of self-reported physical pain for middle education. For female with low education, the cognitive status of the retirement group was significantly higher by 0.99 points (95% CI: 0.42–1.55, P = 0.004), the probability of depression was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.36–0.87, P = 0.031) times higher in the retirement group than in the working group. There was no difference for the middle and high education.ConclusionRetirement can exert a beneficial effect on the health of elderly individuals. Therefore, the government and relevant departments should consider this potential effect when instituting policies that delay retirement.
Multipoint radio probe of the solar corona: The trans-coronal radio array fleet
Authors: Kooi Jason E. , Wexler David B. , Jensen Elizabeth A. , Wood Brian E. 
Published: November 2022

The Trans-Coronal Radio Array Fleet (T-CRAF) is a mission concept designed to continuously probe the magnetic field and plasma density structure of the corona at heliocentric distances of ≈ 2 − 10 R⊙ (solar radius, R⊙ = 695, 700 km). T-CRAF consists of thirty small satellites orbiting the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point L3 in order to provide thirty lines of sight (LOS) for ground- or space-based radio propagation studies. T-CRAF is divided into three sets of orbits, each with ten satellites: the first group provides LOS at a solar offset, SO (i.e. closest solar approach) of heliocentric distances 2–4 R⊙ to provide continuous coverage in the middle corona, including initial slow solar wind acceleration; the second group of spacecraft probes the corona at SO = 4–7 R⊙ to cover the region including transition to a supersonic slow solar wind; the outer T-CRAF group is positioned to afford coverage for SO &gt; 7 R⊙ as the winds continue to accelerate towards the Alfvén speed threshold. Each satellite is equipped with a multi-frequency (S-band, C-band, and X-band) linearly polarized transmitter. T-CRAF provides the capability to simultaneously measure the mean values and fluctuations of the magnetic field and plasma density within the solar wind, stream interaction regions, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Multiple downlink frequencies provide opportunities to use radio ranging (measurement of group time delay) and apparent-Doppler tracking (measurement of frequency shifts) to infer the plasma density and density gradient along each LOS. Linearly polarized signals provide the ability to detect Faraday rotation (FR) and FR fluctuations, used to infer the magnetic field and field fluctuations along each LOS.
Treatment of postoperative non-union with internal fixation loosening of Garden IV femoral neck fracture with teriparatide in a young adult: A case report
Authors: Lai Lili , Li Yifan , Shen Miaoda , Wang Xuanwei , Zhong Cheng , Xu Sanzhong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPostoperative non-union of femoral neck fracture often needs secondary operation. We report a case of a postoperative non-union of femoral neck fracture treated with teriparatide.Case presentationA young male patient with Garden IV femoral neck fracture who showed no obvious signs of healing 3 months after percutaneous hollow nail fixation in which the fracture line was enlarged and the hollow nail was withdrawn. Bone non-union healed after 6 months of continuous subcutaneous injection of teriparatide at a dosage of 20 mg/day after the patient refused a secondary surgery. As far as we know, there have been no relevant reports on this type of fracture yet.ConclusionsTeriparatide is expected to be beneficial in treating young patients with a displaced femoral neck fracture who have difficulty in healing from non-union and who are keen on avoiding secondary surgery.
Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Kebede Aynshet Nega , Sahile Addisu Tadesse , Kelile Bethlehem Chala 
Published: November 2022

Objective: This study aimed to assess the dietary diversity and its associated factors among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: An institution-based Cross-sectional was conducted among 320 participants from four health facilities in Addis Ababa selected based on a simple random sampling method from 01 September to 30 December 2021. An Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used, following informed consent. Binary (Bivariate and multivariate) logistics regression was applied for the identification factors associated with dietary diversity with their respective 95% confidence interval and less than 5% p-value.Results: The prevalence of inadequate dietary diversity during pregnancy was 51.6% (95% CI: 46.1%–57.0%). Being illiterate (AOR: 0.591; 95% CI: 1.88–1.901; p &lt; 0.05) and primary education (AOR: 0.347; 95% CI: 0.166–0.728; p &lt; 0.05), having poor knowledge (AOR: 0.437; 95% CI: 0.252–0.757; p &lt; 0.05) and lower monthly income (AOR: 0.395; 95% CI: 0.184–0.845; p &lt; 0.05) were factors associated with inadequate dietary diversity.Conclusion: A higher level of inadequate dietary diversity was reported. Being illiterate, having primary education, having poor knowledge, and having lower monthly income were associated with inadequate dietary diversity during pregnancy. Concerned bodies were suggested to work on the identified factors.