bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed loop simulations on recoverability of climate trends in next generation gravity missions
Authors: Schlaak M , Pail R , Jensen L , Eicker A 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYGravity field satellite missions are unique observation systems to directly measure mass transport processes on Earth and to gather valuable information for climate research. Next Generation Gravity Missions (NGGMs) are expected to be launched within this decade, setting high anticipation for an enhanced monitoring capability that will improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of gravity observations significantly. They will allow for an evaluation of long-term trends in the Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) signal. The results of this study are based on a time-series of global changes in soil moisture and snow obtained from future climate projections until the year 2100 of a coupled climate model taking part in the CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6). For different mission concepts, namely in-line single-pair missions and a Bender double-pair mission, the recoverability of a time variable mass signal is evaluated, considering realistic noise assumptions, simulated over several decades. The results show that a single-pair mission can fulfill the target requirements for the long-term trend, set by the user community, after 70 yr while a double pair already achieves it after 30 yr of observation. After 100 yr of double-pair constellations the globally averaged RMS (polar areas excluded) improves, compared to a single-pair mission, by a factor of 5 for the linear trend, 2.5 for annual amplitude, and 1.8 for the phase observation. In addition, regional investigations indicate that the simple parameter model consisting of offset, linear trend, and annual signal coefficients, as it was used in this study, in several cases might not be able to capture the whole time-variable signal sufficiently, due to the presence of interannual signals. Hence, advanced, locally more adaptable parameter models need to be considered for a better parametrization of local effects in the future.
Deep-Tomography: iterative velocity model building with deep learning
Authors: Muller Ana P O , Bom Clecio R , Costa Jessé C , Klatt Matheus , Faria Elisangela L , Silva Bruno dos Santos , de Albuquerque Marcelo P , de Albuquerque Marcio P 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
The accurate and fast estimation of velocity models is crucial in seismic imaging. Conventional methods, such as tomography, stereotomography, migration velocity analysis and full-waveform inversion (FWI), obtain appropriate velocity models; however, they require intense and specialized human supervision and consume much time and computational resources. In recent years, some works investigated deep learning (DL) algorithms to obtain the velocity model directly from shots or migrated angle panels, obtaining encouraging predictions of synthetic models. This paper proposes a new flow to recover structurally complex velocity models with DL. Inspired by the conventional geophysical velocity model building methods, instead of predicting the entire model in one step, we predict the velocity model iteratively. We implement the iterative nature of the process when, at each iteration, we train the DL algorithm to determine the velocity model with a certain level of precision/resolution for the next iteration; we name this process as ‘Deep-Tomography’. Starting from an initial model, that is an ultrasmooth version of the true model, Deep-Tomography is able to predict an appropriate final model, even in complete unseen during the training data, like the Marmousi model. When used as the initial model for FWI, the models estimated by Deep-Tomography can also improve substantially the final results obtained with FWI.
Appraising community driven health research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: a scoping review using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool
Authors: Biles Brett , Biles Jessica , Friere Kate , Deravin Linda , Lawrence Jayne , Yashadhana Aryati 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Most research involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples has been conducted by non-Indigenous people and has not been a positive experience for many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This scoping review maps approaches to health research involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities in Australia from the last two decades. A literature search found 198 papers, of which 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool was then used to map the quality of the reported community driven research. The Quality Appraisal Tool privileges, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s epistemologies and ethical research governance. The findings reported on strengths and identified areas for improvement in reporting community driven research.
Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Practice: Implementation Considerations and Barriers
Authors: Bahl Manisha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology has led to Food and Drug Administration clearance of more than 20 AI algorithms for breast imaging. The steps involved in the clinical implementation of an AI product include identifying all stakeholders, selecting the appropriate product to purchase, evaluating it with a local data set, integrating it into the workflow, and monitoring its performance over time. Despite the potential benefits of improved quality and increased efficiency with AI, several barriers, such as high costs and liability concerns, may limit its widespread implementation. This article lists currently available AI products for breast imaging, describes the key elements of clinical implementation, and discusses barriers to clinical implementation.
Stars versus Bars: How the Aesthetics of Product Ratings “Shape” Product Preference
Authors: Jia He (Michael) , Wan Echo Wen , Zheng Wanyi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Websites commonly use visual formats to display numerical product ratings. Highlighting the overlooked notion of the “aesthetics” of product ratings, the current research examines how the shape of basic visual rating units (rectangular vs. non-rectangular) influences product preference. Seven experiments (and 23 supplementary experiments; N = 17,994) demonstrate a visual rounding effect. Specifically, compared to the rectangular rating format (e.g., bar ratings), the non-rectangular rating format (e.g., star ratings) increases product preference when product ratings (e.g., 3.7, 3.8, 3.9) are below the nearest integer. In contrast, the non-rectangular rating format decreases product preference when product ratings (e.g., 4.1, 4.2, 4.3) are above the nearest integer. Occurring for both the overall rating and by-attribute ratings of a product, the visual rounding effect results from a visual completeness restoration process, wherein consumers perceive non-rectangular rating units to be incomplete after vertical cutting. This research contributes to the product rating and visual marketing literatures and provides actionable implications by demonstrating what visual rating format should be adopted based on rating distribution, how the visual rounding effect can be prevented if needed, and who are even more susceptible to the visual rounding effect.
Survival and clinicopathological significance of blood vessel invasion in operable breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Yingxin , Zhang Yuehua , Fang Huiqiong , Hu Qian , Duan Haibo , Zhang Liangyun , Pang Danmei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymphovascular invasion, including lymphatic-vessel invasion and blood-vessel invasion, plays an important role in distant metastases. The metastatic pattern of blood-vessel invasion may differ from that of lymphatic-vessel invasion. However, its prognostic significance in breast cancer remains controversial. We evaluated the role of blood-vessel invasion in the prognosis of operable breast-cancer patients and its association with clinicopathological characteristics.MethodsWe systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies in English through December 2020. Disease-free survival, overall survival and cancer-specific survival were the primary outcomes. Pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were assessed using a random-effects model.ResultsTwenty-seven studies involving 7954 patients were included. Blood-vessel invasion occurred in 20.4% of tumor samples. Pooled results showed significant associations of blood-vessel invasion with worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.43–2.31) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.86; 95% confidence interval = 1.16–2.99) in multivariate analyses. The results of the univariate analyses were similar. Among the clinicopathological factors, blood-vessel invasion was associated with larger tumor size, lymph-node metastasis, nonspecific invasive type, higher histological grade, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and lymphatic-vessel invasion. In the lymph-node-negative subgroup analyses, the presence of blood-vessel invasion led to poorer disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.46; 95%confidence interval = 1.64–3.70) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.94; 95%confidence interval = 1.80–4.80).ConclusionsWe concluded that blood-vessel invasion is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in operable breast cancer and is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features. Breast-cancer patients with blood-vessel invasion require more aggressive treatments after surgery.
Augmenting randomized clinical trial data with historical control data: Precision medicine applications
Authors: Freidlin Boris , Korn Edward L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs precision medicine becomes more precise, the sizes of the molecularly targeted subpopulations become increasingly smaller. This can make it challenging to conduct randomized clinical trials of the targeted therapies in a timely manner. To help with this problem of a small patient subpopulation, a study design that is frequently proposed is to conduct a small randomized clinical trial (RCT) with the intent of augmenting the RCT control arm data with historical data from a set of patients who have received the control treatment outside the RCT (historical control data). In particular, strategies have been developed that compare the treatment outcomes across the cohorts of patients treated with the standard (control) treatment to guide the use of the historical data in the analysis; this can lessen the potential well-known biases of using historical controls without any randomization. Using some simple examples and completed studies, we demonstrate in this commentary that these strategies are unlikely to be useful in precision medicine applications.
Identifying the Boundaries of a Sales Contract
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter notes the boundaries of a sales contract. A contract of sale usually implies that the seller is obligated to deliver the goods and transfer property, while the buyer, on the other hand, has to pay the price. The implication changes in many countries as some elements specify the need for money as payment. The distinction is made between an agreement to sell and sale to the contract of sale in terms of common law. The chapter then discusses the framework agreements which remain pertinent to the realms of uniform law. It explores sales by auction, other supply of goods contracts, and mixed contracts.
Agency
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the authority and liability of agencies. Agents act on behalf of people taking part in modern commercial transactions. The general law of agency is still primarily governed by case law with the exception of India, Pakistan, and Malaysia. Special rules exist for the agency in commercial environments, especially for countries with distinctions between civil law and commercial code. The chapter explains how the law could establish authority and the intent of the principal. It also notes that an agent’s liability is dependent whether it is towards the principal or the third party.
Capacity to Contract
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter cites the capacity to contract legal persons and natural persons. Legal capacity in this work is concerned only with a person or party’s legal ability to contract. Some jurisdictions distinguish between the capacity to have legal rights and the capacity to make legal decisions and contract in line with applicable law. Generally, all jurisdictions recognize that natural persons have the legal authority to enter into contracts except for those limitations of age, mental capacity, and office they hold. Meanwhile, corporations gain their capacity to contract from the statute. The chapter notes the ultra vires doctrine is the most significant issue in the context of legal capacity.
Fraud and Duress
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the concept of fraud and duress. Laws concerning fraud and duress in the context of contracts are designed to protect parties rather than society as a whole. Consent is significant when it comes to fraud or duress contracts as obligations of the contract do not reflect the real intentions of the party. The chapter defines fraud as a statement, act, or omission which deceives another party to induce that party to act or refrain from acting in a particular manner, while duress is the illegitimate pressure that may lead a party to conclude a contract when it might not have otherwise done so.
Documents and Costs
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks into documents and costs. The respective characteristic obligations under a sales contract include the procurement of licenses and documents and the payment of certain costs and expenses. Documents can be classified into three broadly defined categories: goods, the right to claim physical possession and contract which do not affect title or possession. These documents could be used by the seller as evidence of conformity of the goods at the time of delivery. Moreover, the chapter tackles the contractual terms and default rules of handling licenses, transportation, and insurance.
Third Party Property Rights
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explicates third-party property rights. A general principle of sales law indicates that the seller is liable to the buyer when delivering goods not free from third-party rights. Sellers can only escape liability when the buyer is aware of the encumbrance with third-party rights. Meanwhile, the rules on third-party rights in terms of non-conformity always relate to the physical properties of the goods. Legal systems differ with the legal regime applied to goods encumbered with third-party property rights. The circumstances in which third-party rights may affect the goods can be categorized into three groups: ownership rights, third party encumbered with goods, and the impact of public law.
Payment
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter cites the significance of payment. The payment of the purchase price is the reciprocal counterpart of the seller’s obligation to deliver the goods and transfer title. In common law jurisdictions, the seller’s willingness to accept a lesser sum instead of the original contract price is in line with a modification of the contract and thus requires consideration. The chapter highlights the importance of identifying the place for payment as it determines the mode of payment, especially for international transactions. Moreover, the place of payment of the purchase price is primarily a matter of substantive law. Default rules should be consulted if no negotiation was reached.
Transfer of Title
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the concept of transferring titles. The transfer of title is ultimately the obligation of the buyer in a sales contract. The transfer of title in the goods sold under a sales contract is central to the parties and their creditors’ interests. The chapter notes the importance of distinguishing legal systems following a unitary approach or a functional approach. It explains the applicable law used in default provisions. The mode of transferring title is also considered on a jurisdiction basis. The chapter also differentiates the buyer’s obligation of transferring titles and the seller’s obligation of delivering goods.
Suspension of Performance
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the suspension of performance which often happens where there is a loss of confidence between both parties. Under the general principle of the freedom of contract, the parties may contractually agree on a right to withhold performance. The Convention expressly provides the possibility to establish such a right in the contract for specific circumstances of withholding performance at the international level. The chapter lists the default pre-requisites to withhold performance such as performance due, concurrent obligations, non-performance by the co-contractant, and readiness to perform. Moreover, it notes the possibility of the uncertainty of obligor’s economic position.
Lightning-induced chemistry on tidally-locked Earth-like exoplanets
Authors: Braam Marrick , Palmer Paul I , Decin Leen , Ridgway Robert J , Zamyatina Maria , Mayne Nathan J , Sergeev Denis E , Abraham N Luke 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDetermining the habitability and interpreting atmospheric spectra of exoplanets requires understanding their atmospheric physics and chemistry. We use a 3-D coupled climate-chemistry model, the Met Office Unified Model with the UK Chemistry and Aerosols framework, to study the emergence of lightning and its chemical impact on tidally-locked Earth-like exoplanets. We simulate the atmosphere of Proxima Centauri b orbiting in the Habitable Zone of its M-dwarf star, but the results apply to similar M-dwarf orbiting planets. Our chemical network includes the Chapman ozone reactions and hydrogen oxide (HOx = H + OH + HO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) catalytic cycles. We find that photochemistry driven by stellar radiation (177–850 nm) supports a global ozone layer between 20–50 km. We parametrize lightning flashes as a function of cloud-top height and the resulting production of nitric oxide (NO) from the thermal decomposition of N2 and O2. Rapid dayside convection over and around the substellar point results in lightning flash rates of up to 0.16 flashes km−2 yr−1, enriching the dayside atmosphere below altitudes of 20 km in NOx. Changes in dayside ozone are determined mainly by UV irradiance and the HOx catalytic cycle. ∼45 per cent of the planetary dayside surface remains at habitable temperatures (Tsurf &gt; 273.15K), and the ozone layer reduces surface UV radiation levels to 15 per cent. Dayside–nightside thermal gradients result in strong winds that subsequently advect NOx towards the nightside, where the absence of photochemistry allows NOx chemistry to involve reservoir species. Our study also emphasizes the need for accurate UV stellar spectra to understand the atmospheric chemistry of exoplanets.
Model of abasic site DNA cross-link repair; from the architecture of NEIL3 DNA binding domains to the X-structure model
Authors: Huskova Andrea , Dinesh Dhurvas Chandrasekaran , Srb Pavel , Boura Evzen , Veverka Vaclav , Silhan Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Covalent DNA interstrand crosslinks are toxic DNA damage lesions that block the replication machinery that can cause a genomic instability. Ubiquitous abasic DNA sites are particularly susceptible to spontaneous cross-linking with a base from the opposite DNA strand. Detection of a crosslink induces the DNA helicase ubiquitination that recruits NEIL3, a DNA glycosylase responsible for the lesion removal. NEIL3 utilizes several zinc finger domains indispensable for its catalytic NEI domain repairing activity. They recruit NEIL3 to the repair site and bind the single-stranded DNA. However, the molecular mechanism underlying their roles in the repair process is unknown. Here, we report the structure of the tandem zinc-finger GRF domain of NEIL3 and reveal the molecular details of its interaction with DNA. Our biochemical data indicate the preferential binding of the GRF domain to the replication fork. In addition, we obtained a structure for the catalytic NEI domain in complex with the DNA reaction intermediate that allowed us to construct and validate a model for the interplay between the NEI and GRF domains in the recognition of an interstrand cross-link. Our results suggest a mechanism for recognition of the DNA replication X-structure by NEIL3, a key step in the interstrand cross-link repair.
Phosphorylation of the auxin signaling transcriptional repressor IAA15 by MPKs is required for the suppression of root development under drought stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Sun Ho , Bahk Sunghwa , Nguyen Nhan Thi , Pham Minh Le Anh , Kadam Ulhas Sopanrao , Hong Jong Chan , Chung Woo Sik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since plants are sessile organisms, developmental plasticity in response to environmental stresses is essential for their survival. Upon exposure to drought, lateral root development is suppressed to induce drought tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism by which the development of lateral roots is inhibited by drought is largely unknown. In this study, the auxin signaling repressor IAA15 was identified as a novel substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) and was shown to suppress lateral root development in response to drought through stabilization by phosphorylation. Both MPK3 and MPK6 directly phosphorylated IAA15 at the Ser-2 and Thr-28 residues. Transgenic plants overexpressing a phospho-mimicking mutant of IAA15 (IAA15DD OX) showed reduced lateral root development due to a higher accumulation of IAA15. In addition, MPK-mediated phosphorylation strongly increased the stability of IAA15 through the inhibition of polyubiquitination. Furthermore, IAA15DD OX plants showed the transcriptional downregulation of two key transcription factors LBD16 and LBD29, responsible for lateral root development. Overall, this study provides the molecular mechanism that explains the significance of the MPK-Aux/IAA module in suppressing lateral root development in response to drought.
Single-cell gene regulation network inference by large-scale data integration
Authors: Dong Xin , Tang Ke , Xu Yunfan , Wei Hailin , Han Tong , Wang Chenfei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) has proven to be a state-of-art approach to investigating gene regulation at the single-cell level. However, existing methods cannot precisely uncover cell-type-specific binding of transcription regulators (TRs) and construct gene regulation networks (GRNs) in single-cell. ChIP-seq has been widely used to profile TR binding sites in the past decades. Here, we developed SCRIP, an integrative method to infer single-cell TR activity and targets based on the integration of scATAC-seq and a large-scale TR ChIP-seq reference. Our method showed improved performance in evaluating TR binding activity compared to the existing motif-based methods and reached a higher consistency with matched TR expressions. Besides, our method enables identifying TR target genes as well as building GRNs at the single-cell resolution based on a regulatory potential model. We demonstrate SCRIP’s utility in accurate cell-type clustering, lineage tracing, and inferring cell-type-specific GRNs in multiple biological systems. SCRIP is freely available at https://github.com/wanglabtongji/SCRIP.