bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical study on the complete phase separation of ceria-zirconia solid solution into two end members, ceria and zirconia
Authors: Oh Seol Hee , Kim Hyun-Kyu , Kim Jason , Kim Yeong-Cheol , Park Sun-Young , Yang Sungeun , Ji Ho-Il , Yoon Kyung Joong , Son Ji-Won , Lee Jong-Ho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Solid solution CeO2–ZrO2 has long been used as a non-noble metal oxide promoter for three-way catalysts owing to its high oxygen storage capacity. However, the stability issue of the CeO2–ZrO2 has been controversial for a long time. In particular, the phenomena observed by phase instability are so diverse and inconsistent that the related causal analysis is still a matter of debate. In this study, for the first time, it was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that a Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 (CZO) solid solution must be completely separated into CeO2 and ZrO2 phases owing to its inherent thermodynamic instability. According to an extensive evaluation via defect chemical calculations and well-controlled model experiments with grain-boundary-free epitaxial thin film samples, CZO materials undergo phase separation until they are completely separated, and the separation rate is particularly high in a reducing atmosphere. The underlying inherent stability problem and enhanced phase separation kinetics of the CZO material are attributed to the enhanced cation diffusion in a reducing atmosphere, where more mobile cationic defects (interstitial cations) are generated and an easier pathway with a lower migration energy is available.
2D materials and van der Waals heterojunctions for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Yang Dongliang , Li Huihan , Li Ce , Wang Zhongrui , Sun Linfeng , Yang Heejun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neuromorphic computing systems employing artificial synapses and neurons are expected to overcome the limitations of the present von Neumann computing architecture in terms of efficiency and bandwidth limits. Traditional neuromorphic devices have used 3D bulk materials, and thus, the resulting device size is difficult to be further scaled down for high density integration, which is required for highly integrated parallel computing. The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials offers a promising solution, as evidenced by the surge of reported 2D materials functioning as neuromorphic devices for next-generation computing. In this review, we summarize the 2D materials and their heterostructures to be used for neuromorphic computing devices, which could be classified by the working mechanism and device geometry. Then, we survey neuromorphic device arrays and their applications including artificial visual, tactile, and auditory functions. Finally, we discuss the current challenges of 2D materials to achieve practical neuromorphic devices, providing a perspective on the improved device performance, and integration level of the system. This will deepen our understanding of 2D materials and their heterojunctions and provide a guide to design highly performing memristors. At the same time, the challenges encountered in the industry are discussed, which provides a guide for the development direction of memristors.
A-2 Modifiable Physical Fitness Is Associated with Executive Function in Black Older Adults
Authors: Hayes Scott M , Stark Jessica , Hiersche Kelly , Hayes Jasmeet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Research examining the role of modifiable fitness variables in cognitive aging have been implemented in predominately White study samples. The present study aims to enhance the diversity of the literature by examining the relationship between modifiable physical fitness and cognition in Black older adults.
Method: Metrics of modifiable fitness and cognition were assessed in 75 healthy Black older adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; ages 65–93 years, X- = 73.4, SD = 6.8). Hierarchical linear regressions were implemented to examine the relationship between a composite measure of modifiable physical fitness (gait speed, grip strength, maximum forced expiratory flow) and composite measures of executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed.
Results: Modifiable physical fitness explained a significant amount of additional variance in executive function (p &lt; 0.05) after controlling for age, sex, and education. Modifiable physical fitness was not associated with episodic memory or processing speed after controlling for demographic variables.
Conclusions: Results suggest that these course metrics of physical fitness are associated specifically with executive function in Black older adults. These findings extend the current literature by exploring the relationship between modifiable physical fitness variables and cognition in Black older adults.
A-3 Examining The Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Performance on The Community Screening Instrument for Dementia in Congolese Older Adults
Authors: Reyes Anny , De Wit Liselotte , Winston Molly R , Hammers Dustin B , Alonso Alvaro , Ikanga Jean N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Given the lack of comprehensive neuropsychological tools in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need to examine the clinical utility of dementia cognitive screeners in this setting. We examined the contribution of sociodemographic factors to performance on the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID) in Congolese older adults.
Methods: 354 participants (mean age = 73.6 ± 6.7, mean education (years) =7.3 ± 4.7; 50% female) were randomly recruited. All participants completed the CSID (mean = 25.23 ± 4.19). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the contribution of age, education, sex, and the interactions between education, school type, and participant income to CSID raw scores. Raw scores were demographically adjusted for education and sex by adding 1 point for ≤12 years of education and 1 point for female.
Results: Older age (β = −0.362, p &lt; 0.001), fewer years of education (β = −0.335, p = 0.022), female sex (β = −0.223, p = 0.035), and public schools (β = −0.185, p = 0.008) were associated with lower CSID scores. There was a trend for lower-income associated with lower CSID scores (β = −0.185, p = 0.062). The interaction between education and school was significant (p = 0.007), with education having a stronger effect on CSID scores for private (β = 0.25) relative to public schools (β = 0.16). The effect of education and sex decreased in the education- and sex-adjusted CSID scores (education β = 0.121; sex β = −0.0.056).
Conclusion: We demonstrate that the effects of education on CSID varied based on sociodemographic characteristics in Congolese older adults, with private school associated with better performance. Given the effects of education and sex on performance, future studies should examine if demographically adjusted scores improve the sensitivity and specificity of the CSID in Congolese populations.
A-14 Exploring Interactions between Traumatic Brain Injury History and Gender on Medical Comorbidities in Military Veterans: An Epidemiological Analysis in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Merritt Victoria C , Gasperi Marianna , Deka Rishi , Chanfreau-Coffinier Catherine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Epidemiological studies of gender differences in clinical outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are limited, especially among service members and Veterans. This study aimed to examine associations between TBI history and medical comorbidities and explore interactions with self-reported gender using a diverse sample of military Veterans.
Method: Participants included 491,604 Veterans (48,646 TBI cases, 442,958 controls; 450,625 men, 40,979 women) who enrolled in the VA’s Million Veteran Program. Outcomes of interest included the following medical condition comorbidities from the MVP Baseline Survey: (1) psychiatric, (2) neurological, (3) cardiovascular, (4) skeletomuscular, and (5) other conditions. We explored the interaction of TBI history and gender on medical comorbidities using adjusted logistic regression models.
Results: Veterans with a history of TBI had significantly higher rates of medical comorbidities compared to controls, with the strongest associations observed across psychiatric (adjusted OR’s = 2.10–3.61) and neurological (adjusted OR’s = 1.57–6.08) conditions. Significant interactions of TBI history and gender were observed across the majority of psychiatric and neurological comorbidities. Specifically, female Veterans with TBI history had significantly higher rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, personality disorder, headache/migraine, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, while male Veterans with TBI history had significantly higher rates of schizophrenia, memory loss or impairment, and spinal cord injury.
Conclusions: Results indicate that females and males experience differential clinical outcomes following TBI, particularly for rates of psychiatric and neurological comorbidities. Findings highlight the need for more research on gender differences in the context of TBI to better improve the clinical care offered to this population.
A-102 How Valuable Are Clinical Neuropsychological Assessments? A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Tests Compared to Neuroimaging
Authors: Harrell Murphy , Ikonomou Vasilios , Osorio Carolina Pereira , Hawley Nanako , Pizer Jasmin , Asencio-Ortiz Paola , Hill Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: This meta-analysis summarized and compared the effect sizes of neuroimaging to diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease (ad) to neuropsychological tests to diagnose ad and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Data Selection: EBSCO network was searched for original research examining the efficacy of neuroimaging for ad and common neuropsychological tests for ad and TBI within the last 5 years. Other inclusion/exclusion criteria were: clinical and control group, efficacy statistics, and sufficient descriptive statistical information (e.g., mean, SD) for each group.
Data Synthesis: Of 3488 studies identified, 56 were retained for meta-analyses (502 effect sizes extracted; 3856 clinical and 4112 control participants represented). Using comprehensive meta-analysis software and random-effects modeling, results indicated the neuroimaging effect size [Hedges g = −1.670] was not significantly different than the neuropsychological test efficacy [Hedges g = −1.548; Q(1) = 0.213, p = 0.644]. Within neuropsychological tests, the ad neuropsychological test effect size [Hedges g = −2.213] was significantly different than the TBI neuropsychological test efficacy [Hedges g = −0.649; Q(1) = 42.821, p = 0.000]. There was a significant degree of between-study heterogeneity for both neuroimaging [Q(21) = 298.655, p &lt; 0.001, I2 = 93.303] and neuropsychological [Q(39) = 860.715, p &lt; 0.001, I2 = 95.469] studies.
Conclusions: The diagnostic efficacy of neuroimaging and neuropsychological tests were both substantial and non-significantly different from one another. These findings are consistent with prior research suggesting neuropsychological tests are as effective as neuroimaging and provides clinicians and consumers convincing evidence that neuropsychological tests are a reliable diagnostic tool among people with acquired and neurodegenerative brain disorders.
A-107 Evaluating the Quality of Real-World Compensatory Strategy Use in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Beech Brooke F , Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Older adults often spontaneously engage in compensatory strategies (CS) to support completion of everyday tasks. However, factors that influence the success of chosen strategies remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine if evaluation of the overall quality of compensatory strategies, as compared to a count of strategies, better predicts completion of real-world prospective memory (PM) tasks.
Method: Seventy community-dwelling older adults (M = 70.80, SD = 7.87) completed two testing sessions remotely from their own homes through video conferencing. Participants were presented four novel real-world PM tasks designed to be carried out independently in the future. Upon task presentation, participants were given time to plan and encouraged to use their typical CS. The examiner captured detailed information about CS planned at task presentation and strategies utilized at follow-up testing, as well as PM task accuracy. In addition to a count of CS, participants’ CS were assigned a quality score upon video review.
Results: Hierarchical regression revealed that Compensatory Strategy Quality (CSQ) score provides incremental validity in predicting PM task accuracy over and above CS count, global cognition, and age (ΔR2 = 0.24, ΔF = 29.36, p &lt; 0.001). CSQ uniquely accounted for 24.01% of the variance in PM task accuracy (sr = 0.49, p &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: Evaluating quality of cognitive CS provides enhanced precision in predicting PM. Findings of this study may provide researchers with tools to study compensation in a more nuanced manner. Furthermore, findings have the potential to be translated into clinical interventions, such as targeted compensatory strategy trainings.
A-110 The Virtual Environment Grocery Store Explains Variance in Older Adults’ Adaptive Functioning Beyond Age
Authors: Hardesty Danielle R , Chek Carmen , Avendano Jacob , Coldiron Allyson , Dube Jeanne M , Griffin Rebekah , Nabulsi Eman , Wurm Annika , Barnett Michael D , Parsons Thomas D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The Virtual Environment Grocery Store (VEGS; Parsons & McMahan, 2017) has demonstrated relationships with older adults’ adaptive functioning as measured both by self-report and with a performance-based test (Hardesty et al., 2021). However, age is an important predictor of adaptive functioning among older adults (Weber et al., 2019). The purpose of this study was to investigate the incremental validity of the VEGS. We hypothesized that the VEGS long delay free recall would explain variance in adaptive functioning beyond that which is accounted for by age.
Method: Older adults (n = 98; age 65–90, M = 75.82, SD = 6.27) were administered the Virtual Environment Grocery Store (VEGS) and the Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS) and completed the Instruments of Daily Activities Scale (IADLS) Questionnaire.
Results: Age explained 30.8% of the variance in TFLS. Inclusion of the VEGS long delay free recall meant that the model was able to explain 48.0% of the variance (R2 change F = 1.28, p &lt; 0.001). Age explained 17.2% of the variance in IADLS scores; the inclusion of the VEGS long delay free recall brought this to 21.5% (R2 change F = 7.03, p = 0.03).
Conclusion: Among older adults, age is an important predictor of adaptive functioning as measured by self-report and performance-based test. The VEGS was able to explain substantial variance in older adults’ adaptive functioning beyond age, particularly when measured with a performance-based test. These results are consistent with the notion that the VEGS measures abilities relevant to older adult’s daily functioning.
A-124 Racial Disparities in Health Literacy and Numeracy: The Role of Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors
Authors: Stocks Jane , Bing-Canar Hanaan , Khan Humza , Lapitan-Moore Franchezka , Wisinger Amanda M , Tse Phoebe K Y , Cerny Brian M , Durkin Nicole M , Jennette Kyle J , Soble Jason R , Resch Zachary J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Health literacy and numeracy are commonly associated with health disparities and may disproportionately affect minoritized groups. This study assessed racial disparities in health literacy and numeracy and their association to sociodemographic and psychological risk factors among a mixed clinical outpatient sample.
Method: Cross-sectional data from 198 patients who were administered the General Health Numeracy Test-Short Form (GHNT), Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Revised (REALM-R), Adverse Childhood Experiences Checklist (ACE), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Test of Premorbid Functioning-Predicted FSIQ (TOPF-FSIQ) were examined. Participant characteristics were compared by ethnoracial group status via chi-square and ANOVA tests. Multivariate regression models evaluated associations between health literacy and numeracy with sociodemographic and psychological risk factors across ethnoracial groups.
Results: Subjects were 45% female/55% male, 48% White, 38% Black and 14% Hispanic, with a Mage of 44.7 (SD = 17.3) and Meducation of 13.5 years (SD = 2.8). Black subjects were older, less educated, and had lower TOPF-FSIQ than White subjects, whereas Hispanic subjects were younger with lower TOPF-FSIQ than White subjects. Black subjects had lower GHNT-6 and REALM-R scores than White subjects. No group differences in ACE or PSS were observed. In multivariate analyses, only lower TOPF-FSIQ was significantly associated with lower REALM-R, whereas lower TOPF-FSIQ, older age, and higher ACEs were significantly associated with lower GHNT. No significant interactions with ethnoracial group status were observed.
Conclusion(s): Although health literacy and numeracy differed across ethnoracial groups, this effect was driven by lower TOPF-FSIQ for health literacy, in addition to lower age and higher number of adverse childhood experiences for health numeracy.
A-130 Measuring Baseline Regional Cerebral Blood Flow with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in ADHD
Authors: Stafford Claire , Jaramillo Cristina , Golden Charles , Amen Daniel , Willeumier Kristen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether differences exist between children with ADHD and a healthy control group in cerebral blood flow (CBF) t-scores at baseline with no external stimuli.
Methods: The data for this study was derived from a large de-identified single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) database. Inclusion criteria required all individuals to be under the age of 18 and assessed for CBF. Participants in the ADHD group (n = 1853, Mage = 12.01) included individuals with a formal ADHD diagnosis. Participants with co-morbid diagnoses were included. Participants in the control group (n = 38, Mage = 11.70) were healthy individuals with no prior mental health diagnoses. Race, gender, and age were considered covariates. An ANCOVA analysis was performed using t-scores of CBF levels.
Results: The results of an univariate ANCOVA revealed no statistically significant differences between a healthy control group and an ADHD group in t-scores of CBF levels in the cerebellum, cingulum, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, vermis, or subcortical regions at baseline (all p-values&lt;0.05).
Conclusion(s): These findings contradict current literature, which has found decreased perfusion in adults with ADHD on the left side of the amygdala when compared to healthy controls and in children with ADHD in the orbitofrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus. This disparity in findings may be due to gaps in current literature, which fail to control for gender, age, and/or race. Future studies should look at whether these results differ based on the specific subtype of ADHD are measured.
A-131 Measuring the Effect of CPT-3 Administration on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in ADHD
Authors: Stafford Claire , Amen Daniel , Geller Rachel , Golden Charles , Willeumier Kristen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the administration of the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT-3) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in children with ADHD.
Methods: The data for this study was derived from a large - database. Participants in the ADHD group (n = 1853, Mage = 12.01) were similar to those in the healthy control group (n = 38, Mage = 11.70). All participants were assessed for cerebral blood flow levels before and after CPT-3 administration.
Results: Multiple 2-by-2 ANOVAs with repeated measures were conducted with sphericity assumed. The overall effect of CPT-3 administration on CBF levels was significant in the right cingulate left and right sides of the frontal lobe left and right sides of the occipital, left and right sides of the parietal lobe, left and right sides of the subcortical region. Post hoc analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in CBF levels from baseline to following CPT-3 administration in both the ADHD and control groups. The interaction between CPT-3 administration and ADHD diagnosis was not significant. The overall effect of ADHD diagnosis on CBF levels was not significant.
Conclusions: All individuals had higher levels of CBF following the administration of CPT-3. Without an interaction, we can infer that ADHD diagnosis does not change the effect of CPT-3 administration on CBF levels. This is counterintuitive considering that CPT-3 is a test of sustained attention, a common challenge for children with ADHD. These findings need to be replicated.
A-148 The Association of Neighborhood Trust and Violence with White Matter Integrity in a Diverse Sample
Authors: Longoria Anthony J , Brinson Zabecca A , Carlew Anne R , Cullum Munro , DeLemos James A , Goette William , Lacritz Laura H , Yu Frank F , Rossetti Heidi C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black older adults are at increased risk of dementia compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Cerebral white matter disease may contribute to this disparity, though little is known about how factors such as neighborhood disadvantage and perceived economic status may relate to white matter integrity in diverse groups.
Method: Participants from a population-based, multiethnic cohort (N=2766; Female=58%; Black=48%; Hispanic=14%) completed a measure of neighborhood perceptions (“resources,” “trust,” “violence”) and perceived SES (“access to food,” “access to healthcare”) and underwent 3T brain MRI with 2D FLAIR and 3D T1-weighted sequences to assess white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden and white matter volume (WMV), respectively. Linear regression models examined associations among these variables controlling for demographic and traditional SES variables (income, education), followed by post-hoc analyses by race/ethnicity and sex.
Results: Reported income, education, ethnoracial group, and sex were associated with WMH in the overall sample (ps&lt;.05), and “trust,” “access to healthcare,” income, education, race/ethnicity, and sex were significantly associated with cerebral WMV. Post-hoc analyses revealed “violence” was associated with more WMH in Black women (p&lt;.05,β=-0.12), lower “trust” was associated with lower WMV in Hispanic men (p&lt;.05,β=0.22), and lower “access to medical care” was associated with lower WMV in White women (p&lt;.05,β=-0.18).
Conclusions: Neighborhood disadvantage and perceived SES were significantly associated with indicators of white matter pathology, with differential relationships across race and sex. Findings may reflect disproportionate environmental and social stressors encountered by some groups. Future analyses will examine whether these sociocultural factors relate to white matter burden and cognitive function later in life.