bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and numerical study of a shell and tube heat exchanger using 22% cut segmental baffle
Authors: Kaleru Aparna , Venkatesh Sriram , Kumar Narasimha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this present study, the three‐dimensional geometry of shell and tube heat exchanger with conventional segmental baffle is considered. A numerical and theoretical study is carried out for shell side heat transfer characteristics under the same mass flow rates with shell side mass flow rates ranging from 0.23 to 0.43 kg/s. The Colburn factor is decreasing with an increase in mass flow rate. The tube side Nusselt number obtained is in good agreement with the correlations available. The Colburn factor (js) for the present geometry was compared with Kern's equation. Tube side Nusselt number for the present study, Dittus–Boelter equations, Notter Rouse equation, Syam Sundar et al. equation, and Gnielinski equation have shown good agreement with each other. The present study is further extended with 1%, 3%, and 5% volume concentrations of Al2O3, graphene oxide, TiO2, single‐wall carbon nanotube, and MXene nanofluids. The author notices that the 5% volume concentration of each nanofluid has shown the highest heat transfer coefficients when compared to other concentrations of nanofluids.
One‐stop molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma using comprehensive next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Li Yucong , Chen Rui , Yuan Mingming , Wang Dong , Fu Chunling , Chen Rongrong , Lei Cuirong , Zhou Qi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the feasibility of molecular classification using only comprehensive next‐generation sequencing‐based techniques and its relationship with survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer. Paired tumor‐normal sequencing data of 1021 cancer‐related genes using tumor tissues or peripheral blood samples and clinical data were retrospectively collected from a cohort of endometrial cancers. The microsatellite instability status was inferred using the MSIsensor (v0.5) with a cut‐off of 8%. Sixty patients were classified into four groups: POLEMUT group (13.3%), MSI‐H group (20%), TP53WT group (45%) and TP53MUT group (21.7%). Patients within TP53MUT group were more common in serous carcinoma compared to endometrioid carcinoma (P = .0098). TP53WT was significantly correlated with early stage and low grade. TP53MUT group was associated with significantly worse DFS compared to MSI‐H group and TP53WT group (P = .014 and .004, respectively). Comprehensive next‐generation sequencing is a reliable and simple method to stratify the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. It can be potentially used to guide treatment of patients with endometrial cancer in routine practice.
Atypical glandular cells and development of cervical cancer: Population‐based cohort study
Authors: Norman Ingrid , Yilmaz Emel , Hjerpe Anders , Hortlund Maria , Elfström Klara Miriam , Dillner Joakim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of cervical screening on cervical adenocarcinoma has been variable, possibly because the risk associated with the precursor atypical glandular cells (AGC) is not well known. A cohort of all 885 women in the capital region of Sweden with AGC, a concomitant human papillomavirus (HPV) analysis, and a histopathology was followed until 2019. Cumulative incidence proportions of cervical intraepithelial lesion grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) by HPV type was determined by 1‐Kaplan‐Meier estimates. Hazard ratios (HR) for CIN3+ or for invasive cancer were estimated with Cox regression. After 2 years of follow‐up, the cumulative incidence proportions of CIN3+ were 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74‐86%), 58% (95% CI: 50‐60%) and 10% (95% CI: 5‐18%) among HPV16/18 positive, “other HPV” positive and HPV‐negative women, respectively. Among the 300 women with HPV16/18 positive AGC, 217 developed CIN3+ of which 35 were invasive cervical cancer. The 2‐year cumulative invasive cancer risk for HPV16/18 positive AGC was 17% (95% CI: 12‐24%). Primary HPV‐screening had a similar yield of CIN3+ as cytology screening, albeit HPV‐negative AGC is by design not detected by HPV screening. Among 241 women with HPV‐negative AGC, 11 developed CIN3+ mostly after clinically indicated samples. We found no significant risk differences depending on age or sampling indication. The low CIN3+ risk after HPV‐negative AGC implies safety of primary HPV screening. The high risk of invasive cervical cancer after HPV16/18 positive AGC implies that management of this finding is a priority in cervical screening.
Therapy resistance mechanisms in hematological malignancies
Authors: Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Trumpp Andreas , Müller‐Tidow Carsten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHematologic malignancies are model diseases for understanding neoplastic transformation and serve as prototypes for developing effective therapies. Indeed, the concept of systemic cancer therapy originated in hematologic malignancies and has guided the development of chemotherapy, cellular therapies, immunotherapy and modern precision oncology. Despite significant advances in the treatment of leukemias, lymphomas and multiple myelomas, treatment resistance associated with molecular and clinical relapse remains very common. Therapy of relapsed and refractory disease remains extremely difficult, and failure of disease control at this stage remains the leading cause of mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that drive the development of hematologic malignancies to the stage of full‐blown disease requiring clinical intervention. In contrast, the mechanisms responsible for treatment resistance in hematologic malignancies remain poorly understood. For example, the molecular characteristics of therapy‐resistant persisting cells in minimal residual disease (MRD) remain rather elusive. In this mini‐review we want to discuss that cellular heterogeneity and plasticity, together with adaptive genetic and epigenetic processes, lead to reduced sensitivity to various treatment regimens such as chemotherapy and pathway inhibitors such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, resistance mechanisms may be conserved across biologically distinct cancer entities. Recent technological advances have made it possible to explore the underlying mechanisms of therapy resistance with unprecedented resolution and depth. These include novel multi‐omics technologies with single cell resolution combined with advanced biocomputational approaches, along with artificial intelligence (AI) and sophisticated disease models for functional validation.
Pinoresinol diglucoside ameliorates H/R‐induced injury of cardiomyocytes by regulating miR‐142‐3p and HIF1AN
Authors: Wei Yuan , Xiao Liang , Yingying Liu , Haichen Wang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study is aimed to investigate the effect of pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in ameliorating myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI). Hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)‐induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to establish an in‐vitro ischemia–reperfusion injury model of cardiomyocytes. Cells were treated with 1 μmol/L of PDG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by a 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein‐diacetate assay. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB) was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The viability and apoptosis of H9c2 cells were probed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Besides this, Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to detect microRNA‐142‐3p (miR‐142‐3p) and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 subunit alpha inhibitor (HIF1AN) expression levels. The binding sequence between miR‐142‐3p and HIF1AN 3′‐untranslated region was validated by a dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. PDG treatment significantly reduced the level of ROS, LDH, and CK‐MB, promoted viability, and inhibited the apoptosis of H9c2 cells. PDG treatment promoted miR‐142‐3p expression and inhibited HIF1AN expression in H9c2 cells. MiR‐142‐3p overexpression enhanced the effects of PDG on ROS, LDH, CK‐MB levels, cell viability, and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, while overexpression of HIF1AN reversed the above effects. PDG ameliorates H/R‐induced injury of cardiomyocytes by regulating miR‐142‐3p and HIF1AN.
Stability of Erdős–Ko–Rado theorems in circle geometries
Authors: Adriaensen Sam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCircle geometries are incidence structures that capture the geometry of circles on spheres, cones and hyperboloids in three‐dimensional space. In a previous paper, the author characterised the largest intersecting families in finite ovoidal circle geometries, except for Möbius planes of odd order. In this paper we show that also in these Möbius planes, if the order is greater than 3, the largest intersecting families are the sets of circles through a fixed point. We show the same result in the only known family of finite nonovoidal circle geometries. Using the same techniques, we show a stability result on large intersecting families in all ovoidal circle geometries. More specifically, we prove that an intersecting family in one of the known finite circle geometries of order , with , must consist of circles through a common point, or through a common nucleus in case of a Laguerre plane of even order.
Cold spots and cold moments: The potential for sediment freezing to depress denitrification in wetland sediments
Authors: Gilmour Kimberly , Hoggarth Cameron , Williams Clayton , Baulch Helen M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWithin the north‐temperate zone, winters can be long and are associated with conditions of low temperature and potential for sediment freezing. There are critical gaps in our knowledge of biogeochemical cycling during winter and inadequate knowledge of how warming winters and changing snowpack might affect biogeochemistry. Here, we assessed the impacts of sediment freeze–thaw cycling and nitrate amendment on denitrification rates in the littoral fringe of four urban wetlands. We demonstrate the potential for experimental sediment freezing to suppress denitrification, although freezing effects were not observed at all sites. Multiple freeze–thaw cycles were assessed, and, although subsequent cycles may affect denitrification, the first instance of our experimental freezing seems the most critical. Although this work demonstrates potential sensitivity of wetland denitrification rates to changing winter conditions, we note nitrate availability has a larger impact upon denitrification rates. This suggests nitrification rates and changing nitrate loads may be more important determinants of nitrate retention than sediment freeze–thaw history. Although there has been great interest in hot spots and moments for biogeochemical cycling, we suggest there is similar need to understand cold spots and moments, as evidenced here. This is particularly important where cold moments may correspond with critical periods of nitrate transport, such as snowmelt.
Microwave‐assisted decarboxylation of 2H‐Pyran‐3‐carboxylic acid derivatives under basic condition
Authors: Mishra Uttam Kumar , Bal Chandralata 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the availability of several methods for decarboxylation, this area remains exploratory and requires new development. Here, we report a highly efficient microwave‐assisted hydrodecarboxylation of 4‐(methylthio)‐2‐oxo‐6‐aryl‐2H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylic acids (1a‐k) under basic condition to obtain 4‐(methylthio)‐6‐aryl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones (2a‐k) with >90% yield. The requirement of proton source from the solvent was observed by performing the reactions of 1b and 1e in CD3OD to obtain deuterated compounds 2 l and 2 m respectively. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Further, compounds 2b and 2e were analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Impact of measuring heteroplasmy of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variant at the single‐cell level in individuals with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Imai‐Okazaki Atsuko , Nitta Kazuhiro R. , Yatsuka Yukiko , Sugiura Ayumu , Arao Masato , Shimura Masaru , Ebihara Tomohiro , Onuki Takanori , Ichimoto Keiko , Ohtake Akira , Murayama Kei , Okazaki Yasushi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPathogenic mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy has mainly been assessed with bulk sequencing in individuals with mitochondrial disease. However, the distribution of heteroplasmy at the single‐cell level in skin fibroblasts obtained from individuals, together with detailed clinical and biochemical information, remains to be investigated. We used the mitochondrial DNA single‐cell assay for the transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing method. Skin fibroblasts were obtained from six individuals with mitochondrial disease and pathogenic m.3243A>G variants of differing severity. Different distributions of heteroplasmy at the single‐cell level were identified in skin fibroblasts from all six individuals. Four individuals with different outcomes showed similar averaged heteroplasmy rates with normal mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity, while the distribution of single‐cell heteroplasmy patterns differed among the individuals. This study showed different heteroplasmy distribution patterns at the single‐cell level in individuals with the m.3243A>G variant, who had a similar averaged heteroplasmy rates with normal mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity. Whether such different heteroplasmy distribution patterns explain the different clinical outcomes should be assessed further in future studies. Measuring heteroplasmy of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variants at the single‐cell level could be important in individuals with mitochondrial disease.
Corrected MRI Pulmonary Transit Time for Identification of Combined Precapillary and Postcapillary Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Left Heart Disease
Authors: Gong Chao , Guo Xinli , Wan Ke , Chen Chen , Chen Xiaoling , Guo Jiajun , He Juan , Yin Lidan , Wen Bi , Pu Shoufang , Chen Yucheng 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe identification of combined precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) can influence therapy and outcome and is currently based on invasively determined hemodynamic parameters.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic value of MRI‐derived corrected pulmonary transit time (PTTc) in PH‐LHD sub‐grouped according to hemodynamic phenotypes.Study TypeProspective observational study.PopulationA total of 60 patients with PH‐LHD (18 with isolated postcapillary PH [IpcPH] and 42 with CpcPH), and 33 healthy subjects.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession cine and gradient echo‐train echo planar pulse first‐pass perfusion.AssessmentIn patients, right heart catheterization (RHC) and MRI were performed within 30 days. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was used as the diagnostic “reference standard.” The PTTc was calculated as the time interval between the peaks of the biventricular signal‐intensity/time curve and corrected for heart rate. PTTc was compared between patient groups and healthy subjects and its relationship to PVR assessed. The diagnostic accuracy of PTTc for distinguishing IpcPH and CpcPH was determined.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, linear and logistic regression analysis, and receiver‐operating characteristic curves. Significance level: P < 0.05.ResultsPTTc was significantly prolonged in CpcPH compared with IpcPH and normal controls (17.28 ± 7.67 vs. 8.82 ± 2.55 vs. 6.86 ± 2.11 seconds), and in IpcPH compared with normal controls (8.82 ± 2.55 vs. 6.86 ± 2.11 seconds). Prolonged PTTc was significantly associated with increased PVR. Furthermore, PTTc was a significantly independent predictor of CpcPH (odds ratio: 1.395, 95% confidence interval: 1.071–1.816). The area under curve was 0.852 at a cut‐off value of 11.61 seconds for PTTc to distinguish between CpcPH and IpcPH (sensitivity 71.43% and specificity 94.12%).Data ConclusionPTTc may be used to identify CpcPH. Our findings have potential to improve selection for invasive RHC for PH‐LHD patients.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
A delayed resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An unpredictable outbreak in a small proportion of children in the Southwest of Iran, April 2022
Authors: Mohebi Leila , Karami Hassan , Mirsalehi Negar , Ardestani Nima Hoveidi , Yavarian Jila , Mard‐Soltani Maysam , Mokhatri‐Azad Talat , Salimi Vahid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), an emerging disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and strict restrictions implemented to control the infection have impacted the circulation and transmission of common seasonal viruses worldwide and subsequently the rate of hospitalizations in children at young ages. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surprisingly disappeared in 2020−2021 in many countries due to lockdown and precautions were taken because of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Herein, we showed a notable change in the rate of hospitalization and reported an unpredictable outbreak of RSV in a small proportion of children admitted to a children's hospital in Dezful (a city in Southwest Iran) in the early spring of 2022. We performed a descriptive study of hospitalized young children (aged ≤ 5 years) with acute respiratory infections. Together with clinical information, 30 nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected and 3 important respiratory viruses (RSV, influenza viruses, and SARS‐CoV‐2) were tested through the real‐time polymerase chain reaction (real‐time PCR) method. The age distribution of 30 hospital‐admitted children was 1 month to 5 years old and males were the most included subjects 18/30 (60%) in this study. Although the viral genome of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza viruses was not detected, the presence of RSV was confirmed in 16/30 (53.33%) patients. Results showed that the majority of RSV‐infected cases were males 10/16 (62.5%), within 12 months of life, and had changes in parameters of the complete blood count. Almost all patients with RSV infection had a cough as the most common clinical manifestation and had no history of past medical conditions as a risk factor. The presented study is the first investigation that documented an outbreak of RSV infection in young children reported since the onset of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Iran. Our cases highlight the potential threats of important but neglected pathogens during the ongoing pandemic as described here for RSV, which would be challenging by easing the preimposed restrictions.
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: Clinicopathological features and outcomes from the United States sarcoma collaborative database
Authors: Gusho Charles A. , King David , Ethun Cecilia G. , Cardona Kenneth , Harrison Howard J. , Tran Thuy B. , Poultsides George , Tseng Jennifer , Roggin Kevin K. , Fields Ryan C. , Cullinan Darren R. , Chouliaras Konstantinos , Votanopoulos Konstantinos , Grignol Valerie P. , Bedi Meena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgrounds and ObjectivesThis investigation described clinicopathological features and outcomes of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) patients.MethodsEMC patients were identified from the United States Sarcoma Collaborative database between 2000 and 2016. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were calculated, and prognostic factors were analyzed.ResultsSixty individuals with a mean age of 55 years were included, and 65.0% (n = 39) were male. 73.3% (n = 44) had a primary tumor. A total of 41.6% (n = 25) developed tumor relapse following resection. The locoregional recurrence rate was 30.0% (n = 18/60), and mean follow‐up was 42.7 months. The 5‐year OS was 71.0%, while the 5‐year RFS was 41.4%. On multivariate analysis for all EMC, chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 6.054; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33−27.7; p = 0.020) and radiation (HR, 5.07, 95% CI, 1.3−20.1; p = 0.021) were independently predictive of a worse RFS. Among patients with primary EMC only, the 5‐year OS was 85.3%, with a 30.0% (n = 12) locoregional recurrence rate, though no significant prognostic factors were identified.ConclusionsLong‐term survival with EMC is probable, however there exists a high incidence of locoregional recurrence. While chemotherapy and radiation were associated with a worse RFS, these findings were likely confounded by recurrent disease as significance was lost in the primary EMC‐only subset.
The efficacy of anti‐IL‐1 targeted therapy in PAPA and PASH syndrome
Authors: Challamel Chloé , Girard Céline , Misery Laurent , Touhouche Assia , Fradet Marion , Severino‐Freire Maëlla , Livideanu Cristina B. , Konstantinou Maria P. , Jendoubi Fatma , Paul Carle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) and pyoderma gangrenosum, acne and hidradenitis suppurativa (PASH) are rare autoinflammatory diseases. Treatment of PAPA and PASH is difficult. Conventional immunosuppressants and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists fail to control skin lesions in many patients.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of patients treated with interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) antagonists for PAPA or PASH syndrome. We included all PASH and PAPA treated with the IL‐1 antagonists canakinumab and anakinra in Toulouse, Brest and Montpellier, France and report on the patients' response to treatment.ResultsFour patients were treated with anakinra (one patient) and/or canakinumab (three patients) for 6 months to 10 years. Treatment was associated with sustained improvement of skin lesions: hidradenitis suppurativa in four patients including full resolution of skin lesions in three patients, acne with full resolution in one patient, pyoderma gangrenosum in three patients who experienced full resolution of skin lesions. Anti‐IL‐1 treatment was also associated with full resolution of symptoms associated with spondyloarthritis in one patient. One patient who had been receiving oral corticosteroids for years was able to stop treatment while on IL‐1 antagonist.DiscussionIL‐1 antagonists, especially canakinumab, are useful alternatives to treat patients with PAPA or PASH syndrome, especially patients who are non‐responders to conventional treatment and TNF antagonists.