bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles of leaves and stem extracts of Vitex negundo
Authors: ALFARABI MUHAMMAD , TURHADI TURHADI , SURYOWATI TRINI , IMANELI NURIN AYU , SIHOMBING PRETTY OKTAVIANI 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Alfarabi M, Turhadi, Suryowati T, Imaneli NA, Sihombing PO. 2022. Short Communication: Antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles of leaves and stem extracts of Vitex negundo. Biodiversitas 23: 2663-2667. Many plantspecies could be used as natural sources of antioxidants, one of which is Vitex negundo or lagundi which grows widely in Southeast and South Asia. Due to the wide distribution of growth areas, so different habitats could be a factor causing variations in V. negundo bioactivity, especially antioxidant activity. In addition to environmental factors, extract derived from different plant parts could also contribute to variations in the content of metabolites that affect bioactivity. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of leaf and stem extracts of V. negundo and evaluate the metabolites contained in the extracts. Antioxidant activity analysis was performed using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and GC-MS analysis was used to identify bioactive metabolites. Leafand stem extract of V. negundo showed antioxidant activity directly proportional to the increasein extract concentration. A total of 8 metabolites were identified from the three extracts, i.e., acrolein, hydroquinone, sitosterol, naphthalene, pyrogallol, squalene, phytol, and hexadecenoic acid. There were correlations between antioxidant activity and the metabolites contained in the three extracts. It is suggested that the bioactivity of the extract is due to the interaction of these metabolites.
A focused review of short electrospun nanofiber preparation techniques for composite reinforcement
Authors: Shakil Usaid Ahmed , Abu Hassan Shukur Bin , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Rejab Mohd Ruzaimi Mat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Short nanofibers have been of interest in preparing 3D porous structures, aerosol filters, and nanocomposites. These materials require nanofiber retrieval and application in short form with simultaneous control over aspect ratio. Electrospinning, conventionally, offers minimal control over short nanofiber yield as nonwoven mat is the default configuration of collected sample. High surface area to volume ratio nanofiber, however, can offer new vistas in material design if standardization of short nanofiber preparation practices, offering control over aspect ratio, can be attained. It will provide novel insights into design of tissue engineering scaffolds, filtration membranes, and nanocomposite properties. This work summarizes reported efforts to prepare short nanofiber through mechanical, chemical, material, and operational variables. It aims to provide comparative glance at attempts to control aspect ratio along with pros and cons of the adopted techniques. Lastly, discussion shares generalized conclusions and insights gathered while reviewing material and operational variables adopted for short nanofiber preparation.
Localisation and stimulation of the parietal eye field*
Authors: Phamnguyen Thienan John , Wijayath Manori , Bleasel Andrew , Rahman Zebunnessa , Bartley Melissa , Dexter Mark , Wong Chong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLocalisation of the human parietal eye fields (PEF) has not been as well studied as the human frontal eye fields (FEF). Stimulation studies in rhesus monkeys have suggested the localisation of the PEF to be within the intraparietal sulcus. Functional MRI studies have demonstrated this region to be highly active and potentially connected in saccadic and gaze shifting tasks. Here, we present a case of a patient with left versive seizures evaluated with SEEG, in whom electrical stimulation within the right intraparietal sulcus resulted in horizontal and downward conjugate eye movements contralateral to stimulation. We illustrate clinical differences between the FEF and PEF on cortical stimulation. In addition to the frontal eye field, it is important to recognise other cortical regions involved in eye movement which can cause conjugate contralateral eye movement.
Post‐stroke seizure risk prediction models: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Seong Hoon , Aw Kah Long , Banik Snehashish , Myint Phyo Kyaw 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective. Stroke is the commonest cause of epileptic seizures in older adults. Risk factors for post‐stroke seizure (PSS) are well known, however, predicting PSS risk is clinically challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of PSS risk prediction models developed to date.Methods. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies using MEDLINE and EMBASE from database inception to 28th December 2020. The search criteria included all peer‐reviewed research articles, in which PSS risk prediction models were developed or validated for ischaemic and/or haemorrhagic stroke. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to generate summary statistics of model performance and receiver operating characteristic curves. Quality appraisal of studies was conducted using PROBAST.Results. Thirteen original studies involving 182,673 stroke patients (mean age: 38‐74.9 years; 29.4‐60.9% males), reporting 15 PSS risk prediction models were included. The incidence of early PSS (occurring ≤one week from stroke onset) and late PSS (occurring >one week from stroke onset) was 4.5% and 2.1%, respectively. Cortical involvement, functional deficits, increasing lesion size, early seizures, younger age, and haemorrhage were the commonest predictors across the models. SeLECT demonstrated greatest predictive accuracy (AUC 0.77 [95% CI: 0.71‐0.82]) for late PSS following ischaemic stroke, and CAVE for predicting late PSS following haemorrhagic stroke (AUC 0.81 [0.76‐0.86]). Fourteen of 15 studies demonstrated a high risk of bias, with lack of model validation and reporting of performance measures on calibration and discrimination being the commonest reasons.Significance. Although risk factors for PSS are widely documented, this review identified few multivariate models with low risk of bias, synthetising single variables into an individual prediction of seizure risk. Such models may help personalise clinical management and serve as useful research tools by identifying stroke patients at high risk of developing PSS for recruitment into studies of anti‐epileptic drug prophylaxis.
Phenotypic spectrum and long‐term outcome of children with genetic early‐infantile‐onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Hu Chunhui , Liu Deying , Luo Tian , Wang Yi , Liu Zhisheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is characterized by refractory seizures, developmental delay or intellectual disability, which may be caused by gene mutation. In this study, we explored the clinical phenotype and long‐term outcome in children with genetic early‐infantile‐onset DEEs.Methods. Next‐generation sequencing was performed on 470 patients diagnosed with early‐infantile‐onset DEE between 2010 and 2020. The genetic variation in all cases was classified and evaluated to identify pathogenic variants. The identified variants were further verified by Sanger sequencing.Results. A total of 118 and 10 patients were found to have putative disease‐causing gene mutations and copy number variations, respectively. SCN1A mutations were detected in 38 patients (38/118, 32.2%), representing the largest proportion. In patients with early‐infantile‐onset DEE with burst suppression, KCNQ2 mutation was found in six patients, and the remaining mutations were reported in SCN2A (n=2) and STXBP1 (n=1). Seven patients with dyskinesia were described. In patients with non‐syndromic genetic early‐infantile‐onset DEEs, we detected possible rare pathogenic variants in SETBP1, DPYD, CSNK2B, and H3F3A. With regards to inheritance pattern, de novo heterozygous mutations accounted for the majority (104/118; 88.1%). Three patients with SMC1A mutations responded well to ketogenic diet add‐on therapy. Addition of valproic acid showed good therapeutic effects against KCNB1 and PACS2 encephalopathy.Significance. We detected four possible rare pathogenic gene variants as non‐syndromic genetic causes of early‐infantile‐onset DEEs. Although early‐infantile‐onset DEEs responded poorly to antiseizure medication treatment, we found that specific antiseizure medications showed good therapeutic effects in some patients with early‐infantile‐onset DEEs harbouring gene variants.
The operational definition of epileptiform discharges significantly improves diagnostic accuracy and inter‐rater agreement of trainees in EEG reading
Authors: Kural Mustafa Aykut , Aydemir Sabiha Tezcan , Levent Hafize Cotur , Ölmez Büsra , Özer Inci Sule , Vlachou Maria , Witt Agnes Hauschultz , Yilmaz Abdullah Yasir , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective To assess whether trainees can learn and implement the operational definition of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), based on six morphological criteria, and whether its implementation improves their diagnostic performance and inter‐rater agreement (IRA).Methods Seven trainees evaluated a balanced dataset of 70 EEG samples containing sharp transients (35 from patients with epilepsy and 35 from patients with non‐epileptic paroxysmal events). The gold standard was derived from video‐EEG recordings of the habitual clinical episodes. The trainees individually reviewed the EEGs, blinded to all other data, in two successive training sessions, three months apart. The second session was preceded by a teaching module about the IFCN criteria, and the trainees implemented them during the second reading session.Results By implementing the IFCN criteria, trainees significantly improved their specificity (94.29% vs. 77.14%; p=0.01) and overall accuracy (81.43% vs. 64.29%; p=0.01) for identifying IEDs. Sensitivity also improved but did not reach the level of statistical significance (77.14% vs. 60%; p=0.07). IRA improved significantly from fair (k=0.31; 95% CI: 0.22‐0.40) to high‐moderate (k=0.56; 95% CI:0.46‐0.67) beyond‐chance agreement.Significance Implementing the IFCN criteria significantly improves the diagnostic performance and IRA of trainees in identifying IEDs. Teaching the IFCN criteria for IEDs will increase specificity in clinical EEG and avoid over‐reading, the most common cause of misdiagnosing epilepsy.
Predictors of outcome among 31 children with infantile spasms syndrome
Authors: Kvernadze Ana , Tatishvili Nana , Lomidze Giorgi , Tarkhnishvili Nino , Kipiani Tamar , Tatishvili Sofia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective. Infantile spasms syndrome is a severe epileptic encephalopathy. Management of infantile spasms remains challenging because of pharmacoresistant forms and relapsing seizures. A high number of patients with this syndrome have neurodevelopmental delay. The main objective of our study was to determine predictors to measure the neurodevelopmental outcome of patients with infantile spasms.Methods. We prospectively evaluated 31 patients with infantile spasms from 2014 to 2017 at three hospitals in Tbilisi, Georgia. Various demographic data were evaluated at the first visit; video‐EEG, brain MRI and neurodevelopmental evaluation were performed upon admission. A diary to record spasms was provided and completed by all parents/caregivers. Seizures were recorded on video and the phenomenology of infantile spasms was studied. Children were followed for one and two years after the first assessment.Results. Neurodevelopmental deterioration was revealed in 61.1% on the second and 53% on the third evaluation in patients with onset of spasms before seven months of age. The mean score on the ASQ communication domain was low among structural cases. Eleven patients with pre‐existing delay had developmental regression based on the second evaluation (Fisher's exact test: 7.2; df 1; p=0.01).Significance. Our study reveals that age at onset of infantile spasms at less than seven months, pre‐existing developmental delay, low ASQ scores and structural abnormalities on MRI are predictors of poor developmental outcome. Our data suggest that clinicians should inform parents at the first clinical evaluation about prognosis, and intervention should be started as early as possible in order to improve development.
Non‐convulsive febrile status epilepticus mimicking a postictal state after a febrile seizure: an ictal electroclinical and evolutive study
Authors: Proietti Jacopo , Fiorini Elena , Meneghello Lisa , Cantalupo Gaetano , Fontana Elena , Lo Barco Tommaso , Bernardina Bernardo Dalla , Darra Francesca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective Febrile status epilepticus evolves from a febrile seizure (FS) in 5% of cases. Its prompt recognition is challenging, especially when motor manifestations are absent or subtle. We describe the ictal electroclinical features of non‐convulsive febrile status epilepticus (NCFSE) following an apparently concluded FS, initially misinterpreted as postictal obtundation and in some way mimicking the described “non‐epileptic twilight state”.Methods We present an electroclinical study of 18 children, collected in our unit, who presented with NCFSE after an apparently resolved FS, longitudinally followed for one year to seven years and nine months (mean: four years and three months). The age at first NCFSE ranged between one year and two months and five years and eight months (mean: two years and six months). Patients were examined after spontaneous or rectal diazepam‐induced resolution of a FS, while showing persisting impairment of awareness.Results A lack of responsiveness to painful stimulation, abnormal posturing and aphasia were present in all cases, variably associated with perioral cyanosis, hypersalivation, automatisms, gaze deviation and other lateralizing signs; eyes were open. The EEG recording started 20 to 140 minutes after the apparent resolution of the FS and was invariably characterized by delta or theta‐delta pseudorhythmic activity, mainly involving the fronto‐temporal regions, with hemispheric predominance in two thirds of the cases. The electroclinical condition, lasting 25 to 210 minutes, quickly recovered after intravenous diazepam. Follow‐up revealed normal neurodevelopment and EEG in almost all patients (learning disability emerged in three). In five subjects, NCSE relapsed (twice in two). None presented afebrile seizures.Significance Our series highlights the electroclinical features of focal NCFSE. Distinctive elements are a lack of reactivity, cyanosis, lateralizing clinical and EEG signs, and resolution clearly tied to intravenous benzodiazepine administration.
Construction and analysis of a competing endogenous RNA network associated with circRNAs dysregulated in medial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Li Kelu , Wu Chongmin , Zhu Yongyun , Yin Weifang , Ren Hui , Yang Xinglong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective The aetiology and pathogenesis of medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) remain unclear, and effective treatments are lacking. The involvement of a dysregulated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in MTLE is only partially understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate MTLE regulatory networks composed of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) through a ceRNA network map.Methods RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and small RNA‐seq were used to detect mRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs differentially expressed between post‐operation hippocampal tissues of MTLE patients (n = 3) and paracancer tissues (n = 3). We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed RNAs and construct the corresponding ceRNA network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of differentially expressed RNAs were conducted to explore the biological processes and pathways involved in MTLE.Results We identified 352 differentially expressed mRNAs, 179 circRNAs, and 42 miRNAs in MTLE. A ceRNA network composed of mRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs was constructed. GO and KEGG analysis of the network suggested a key role of synapses and mTOR, cAMP, ErbB, FoxO, and HIF‐1 signalling pathways in MTLE.Significance We identify a new circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA network in MTLE. These results can help clarify the aetiology of MTLE and identify targeted molecular therapies.
Short‐term effectiveness of a condensed series of standard EEG lectures for adult neurology residents*
Authors: Nascimento Fábio A. , Moore Michael , Olandoski Marcia , Gavvala Jay R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective To investigate (i) the short‐term effectiveness of a series of traditional didactic EEG lectures for an adult neurology resident cohort and (ii) whether the educational benefit of such lectures correlates with residents’ prior formal EEG exposure.Methods We evaluated the short‐term effectiveness of traditional lectures by testing residents’ EEG knowledge before and after a series of four EEG lectures given by epilepsy attending physicians. The EEG test consisted of both normal (27) and abnormal (10) EEG questions. Only residents who performed the test before (pre‐test) and after (post‐test) and attended at least two lectures were included. Residents were divided based on whether they had at least one EEG rotation during or prior to the study (Group A) or not (Group B).Results Twelve residents met the inclusion criteria: two PGY1 (one‐year postgraduate), four PGY2, one PGY3, and five PGY4 residents. One of these residents did not complete the abnormal EEG section of the tests. The time interval between both tests ranged from 40 to 75 days. The overall score (mean±SEM) for the normal (n=12) EEG section was 47±6.1% (pre‐test) and 58±5.5% (post‐test) (p=0.0168). The overall score for the abnormal (n=11) EEG section was 48±7.2% (pre‐test) and 62±8.6% (post‐test) (p=0.0396). Group A (n=6) pre‐ and post‐test scores were 53±6.7% and 72±4.6%, respectively (p=0.0008). Group B (n=5) pre‐ and post‐test scores were 42±11.4% and 48±11.7%, respectively (p=0.3777).Significance A condensed series of four EEG lectures given by epilepsy attending physicians generated a statistically significant increase in EEG knowledge among adult neurology residents who already had some degree of formal in‐residency EEG exposure. Standard EEG lectures may be an invaluable tool in resident EEG education. It would be advisable to ensure that residents undergo hands‐on EEG exposure through formal rotations either prior to or during standard lectures in order to generate maximal educational benefits via this teaching avenue.
Reliability of aesthetic diagnostic tools in prosthodontics: A systematic review
Authors: Kenza Khamlich , Amine Chafii , Abderahmane Andoh 
Published: May 2022

A systematic review of the literature to highlight the reliability of different tools used for the aesthetic diagnosis in fixed prosthesis.Our literature research was performed using electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase. We selected studies dating back 10 years. Eligible studies included scientific articles that met the selected inclusion criteria.The 28 studies selected allowed us to provide a critical analysis of the various aesthetic diagnostic tools. These studies have dismissed some tools and admitted others. The diagnosis phase requires different tools divides into documentation tools, aesthetic analysis tools, planning tools and preview tools. Based on the analysis of the results of our studies, not all aesthetic diagnosis tools are valid. Some are rejected and others are adopted. Current tools offer a larger dimension to the creation of the new smile. Modern dentistry provides the clinician with the necessary aids to reach excellence.
A simplified technique for fabrication of obturator using light curing wax pattern: A case report
Authors: Singh Kirandeep , Dua Parag , Charles NSC , Sehrawat Sangeeta 
Published: May 2022

Surgical excision of the maxilla results in communication between the oral cavity, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. Rehabilitation of such defects involves fabrication of obturator prosthesis by the maxillofacial prosthodontist. Various techniques and materials have been used in the past for rehabilitation of such defects.To Fabricate a Obturator Prosthesis using Light Cure Wax Pattern.A 65-year-old man reported with the chief complaint of inability to chew food due to an ill-fitting prosthesis. His history revealed that patient had undergone maxillectomy of left side due to Carcinoma maxilla 03 years back, followed by the fabrication of a definitive obturator prosthesis. Intraoral examination revealed a well healed Aramany’s Class II post maxillectomy defect on the left side measuring 5 cm X 3.5 cm anteroposteriorly and mediolaterally, with everted margins and irregular borders. This clinical report describes rehabilitation of maxillectomy defect with definitive obturator prosthesis. A light cure wax pattern was used (LiWa®; Willmann & Pein Gmbh) for the fabrication of metal framework.Fabrication of a cast metal framework involves a complex laboratory procedure to achieve the clinical success of the prosthesis. LiWa light curing waxes can be successfully used as an alternative to the conventional wax pattern for the fabrication of cast partial dentures framework for definitive obturators.The light cure wax pattern helped in reducing the number of laboratory steps and allowed wax pattern trial in the patient's mouth, saving precious time and ensuring a precise fit of the prosthesis.
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus using soft computing.
Authors: Punjabi Poonam , Yadav Anuradha , Sankhla Manisha , Tak Amit , Mathur Sandeep , Dave Harsh S , Patel Vaishnavi , Chavhan Tushar , Manisha  
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is another pandemic of 21 century, and its control is of immense importance. Researchers developed many predictor models using soft computing techniques. The present study developed a prediction model for Type 2 DM using machine learning classifiers. The analysis excludes plasma glucose concentration and insulin concentration as predictors to explore relationships with other predictors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 108 participants aged 25 to 67 years from SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India), after approval from the ethics committee. The study developed a prediction model using machine learning techniques. The classifiers used in the application include decision trees, support vector machines, K-nearest neighbors, and ensemble learning classifiers. A total of 25 predictors were collected and underwent feature reduction. The response levels include diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and no diabetes mellitus. The models were run using three predictors and a response variable. The prediction model with the best accuracy and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was selected.
Results
The features that vary among the three groups include age, WHR, biceps skinfold thickness, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and serum creatinine, and family history of DM. After feature reduction, the age, biceps skinfold thickness, and serum creatinine were run on the Classification learner application to predict the diabetic category. The best model was subspace discriminant with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC under the ROC curve was 62.4%, 74%, 94%, and 0.70, respectively.
Conclusion
The present study concludes that age, biceps skinfold thickness, and serum creatinine combination have higher specificity in predicting type 2 DM. The study emphasized the selection of appropriate predictors along with newer machine learning algorithms.