bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Cost Industrial Type Diagnostic System for Powder Jet Visualisation, Particle-Substrate Interaction and Coating Growth
Authors: Bertrand P. , Smurov I. , Ignatiev M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work evaluates the capabilities of a digital camera selected for use in a thermal spray diagnostic system. The CCD-based image sensor, a Sony Exview HAD, was tested in an industrial plasma-spraying process and is assessed in terms of the information it provides about the plasma jet, particle-substrate interactions, and coating growth. Zirconium dioxide and aluminum oxide ceramics are examined as typical powder systems. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Prozessdiagnostik an thermischen Beschichtungsverfahren – Neue Erkenntnisse aus den laufenden Arbeiten der DFG-geförderten Forschungsgruppe (Process Diagnostics at Thermal Spraying Processes – New Experiences from Current Projects of the DFG-Sponsored Research Groups)
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Henne R. , Borck V. , Landes K. , Streibl T. , Lugscheider E. , Fischer A. , Seemann K. , Copitzky T. , Prehm J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents research highlights obtained over the past three years in the course of a DFG-funded project on new and emerging diagnostic methods for thermal coating. It describes the tools and techniques used, the particle and substrate variables monitored, the accuracy of each measurement, and various associations with coating properties. Paper text in German.
Vacuum Plasma Sprayed YSZ Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Ma X.Q. , Borit F. , Guipont V. , Jeandin M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work assesses the properties of vacuum plasma sprayed YSZ coatings for potential use in solid oxide fuel cells. The results of the investigation show that low-porosity layers of yttria-stabilized zirconia can be produced by using a fine powder and by adjusting plasma gas composition. Under optimized spraying conditions, YSZ layers with a thickness of 10-20 μm, a porosity less than 1%, and an average roughness of 1 μm are achievable. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Erosion Behavior of WCP-Fe3Al Composite Coating Produced by High Velocity Arc Spray at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Binshi X. , Shining M. , Baohong T. , Xiubing L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a coated wire is developed and used to produce iron aluminide-WC intermetallic matrix composite (IMC) layers via arc spraying. The microstructure and phases of the deposits are examined, showing that the main phase of the wire-sprayed layer consists of iron aluminide and the reinforcement phase consists of WC, W2C, and alpha-aluminum oxide. The erosion-corrosion behavior of the FeAl-WC layer is determined at different particle beam angles and temperatures and is compared with that of 1018 steel. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermal Spray Moulding – Production of Microcomponents
Authors: Wilden J. , Schnick T. , Wank A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the use of thermal spray molding in the production of microscale components with large aspect ratios. It evaluates a number of spraying processes and coating materials and discusses the impact of the base material on process control and product properties. It also demonstrates the use of simulation for determining optimal process conditions. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Internal Plasma Spraying for New Generation of Automotive Engine
Authors: Barbezat G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Different thermal spray processes are being used to provide coatings for cylinder bores in automotive engines. The internal plasma spraying technology described in this paper applies protective layers to cylinder surfaces in engine blocks made of AlSi cast alloys. This method enables a significant reduction in the coefficient of friction, a reduction in oil consumption, and an increase in wear resistance compared to cast iron, the standard material for cylinder liners. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Mobiles Plasma-Pulver-Handauftragschweißen: Erfahrungen aus der Praxis (Mobile Plasma Powder Manual Overlay Welding: Practical Experience)
Authors: Schreiber F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses some of the recent improvements in plasma powder surface build-up welding technology and provides examples of its use in different areas of industry. It describes the coating properties achievable with newly developed filler alloys and how they compare with conventional hardcoats. It also discusses the growing use of manual overlay PTA welding among small and midsize companies and the factors behind it. Paper text in German.
Plasma Transferred Arc Overlays Reduce Operating Costs in Oil Sand Processing
Authors: Harper D. , Gill M. , Hart K.W.D. , Anderson M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plasma transferred arc spraying of tungsten carbide coatings can significantly increase the service life of machines and components subject to wear. This paper assesses the effect of such coatings in oil sand processing equipment. It describes the development and testing of the layers used and explains that the extraction and processing of oil sands necessitate continuous testing and ongoing improvement in both materials and processing techniques. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Simulation of Coating Profile Under Plasma Spraying Conditions
Authors: Hurevich V. , Gusarov A. , Smurov I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the key aspects of particle behavior in the plasma jet is the stochastic nature of the injection process. Particles are injected into the plasma jet with a certain variation in initial velocity which, along with their size distribution, determines the form of the layer structure and the degree of melting. The aim of this work is to model the influence of the initial spray parameters on the main characteristics of spray particles, such as temperature, velocity, and degree of melting, during impact with the substrate. A one-dimensional heat conduction equation that accounts for phase transitions is solved numerically for spherical particle shapes. The dynamic particle problem is also solved and an integral criterion for the coating model is obtained. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Progress in the Area of Low Pressure Plasma Spraying
Authors: Loch M. , Barbezat G. , Meyer P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages of low-pressure plasma spraying along with recent improvements in LPPS technology. It also reviews current and emerging applications and examines the microstructure of different coating materials deposited using low-pressure plasma spraying techniques. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Analytical Characterization of Various Titanium Nitride Based Coatings Obtained by Reactive Plasma Spraying
Authors: Tului M. , Borgia C. , Casadei F. , Severini E. , Valente T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this investigation, titanium layers with different titanium nitride phases are deposited via reactive gas plasma spraying using a statistical design-of-experiments approach to determine the effect of process parameters on coating properties. The layers are characterized by various means, showing how nitrogen concentration in the plasma gas, spraying pressure, and substrate temperature correspond with coating hardness, porosity, and nitriding levels. The values of all layer properties were found to increase with increasing nitrogen content in either the plasma gas or spraying atmosphere. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Optimization of Metallographic Preparation for Thermally Sprayed Coatings using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Kharlanova E. , Grigore I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A systematic study of sample preparation methods tailored to different types of thermal spray coatings was recently conducted. This paper presents the results of investigations on polishing methods and materials and their effect on the quality of cuts. The results show that the type of polishing cloth used has a major influence on layer breakouts, while the direction of rotation and embedding medium have relatively little effect. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Role of Spray System and Powder Feedstock on the Sliding Wear Behaviour of WC-Co HVOF Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Sudaprasert T. , McCartney D.G. , Shipway P.H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of spraying conditions and WC grain size on the wear behavior of WC-Co coatings. Two powders, one with a fine grain fraction and one with a more conventional grain fraction, were applied using liquid and gas HVOF systems. All coatings were subjected to sliding wear tests against an aluminum oxide ball. A sintered WC-Co composite was also tested for comparison. The sintered composite structure (cermet) exhibited the highest wear resistance, while the conventional powder sprayed by means of a gas-operated burner produced the best coating. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Warm Spray: A New Promising Technology of the Coating Deposition
Authors: Sobolev V.V. , Fagoaga I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the capabilities of a new thermal spray process based on cold gas spraying and detonation gun technology. The method, called high-frequency pulse detonation, uses combustion pulses to heat powders to a temperature that allows good substrate-layer adhesion without the powder being melted. Superalloy, copper, and steel layers so produced are examined and compared with layers deposited by conventional thermal and cold spray processes. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
In-Situ Measurement and FEM Simulation of the Local Thermographic Heat Load on SOFC Components During Vacuum Plasma Spraying
Authors: Finkenwirth O. , Hoferer S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the equipment and procedures used to investigate the effects of the heat load on SOFC surfaces during vacuum plasma spraying. It explains how the authors used a vacuum-sealed IR camera to record thermographic images of the substrate surface as they sprayed different powders and as they varied the dc power, scanning speed, and stand-off distance of the plasma torch. The authors also studied the effect of different cooling methods, including conductive cooling from the backside via a water-cooled aluminum backplate and convective cooling from the front side with a nitrogen gas jet. Using the experimentally obtained data, the authors developed a thermal 3D model of the SOFC plasma spraying process that accounts for torch movements, substrate cooling, and layer growth. An outlook for future work is given expressing an intent to model stress fields within fuel cells during plasma spraying in order to simulate the development of residual stresses. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Study of the Role of Cu-Al Intermetallics on the Adhesion of Plasma-Sprayed Copper on Aluminum using Laser Shock Adhesion Testing (LASAT)
Authors: Barradas S. , Borit F. , Guipont V. , Jeandin M. , Bolis C. , Boustie M. , Berthe L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The adhesion of copper on aluminum depends on the presence of intermetallic phases. Such phases can form during spraying at the interface between the layer and substrate. This paper deals with the formation mechanism of the intermetallic phases and their influence on adhesion. The type, size, and distribution of the intermetallic phases are investigated as a function of spray parameters and bonding strength is determined by laser shock adhesion testing. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Towards Fracture Mechanics of Thermally Sprayed Metallic Coatings using Indentation Technique for Edge Chipping on a Micron Scale
Authors: Margadant N. , Bürki G. , Siegmann S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper assesses the fracture toughness of thermally sprayed NiCr, NiCrAlY, Mo, and NiCrBSi layers using an indentation method called edge chipping based on fracture mechanics. The procedure is done in a scanning electron microscope, enabling precise positioning and in-situ observation of crack growth. The paper reviews the basic principles of edge chipping, describes the experimental setup, and presents and analyzes the results. Preliminary test results show a clear correlation between edge toughness and wear under particle erosion. The influence of anisotropic properties parallel and perpendicular to the substrate surface is observed as well. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Parameter Optimization of HVOF Sprayed Alumina and Effect of the Spray Parameters on the Electrical Properties of the Coatings
Authors: Rajamäki E. , Varis T. , Kulkarni A. , Gutleber J. , Vaidya A. , Karadge M. , Sampath S. , Herman H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
HVOF-sprayed alumina appears to be well suited for applications in semiconductor devices. This paper investigates the influence of HVOF spraying parameters on the electrical properties of alumina layers. Diagnostic tests show that small changes in gas ratios and flow rates can significantly alter particle and splat characteristics as well as the dielectric breakdown strength of the coatings. A large number of parameters are changed in order to assess the extent to which electrical properties can be controlled. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Isothermal Oxidation of Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings Sprayed by High Velocity Techniques
Authors: Matthews S. , Hyland M. , James B. , Levi T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the oxidation behavior of HVAF and HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings under isothermal conditions. Over the range of 700 to 900 °C, all HVAF coating-only samples showed initial rapid mass gain before levelling off in a manner indicative of the formation of a protective oxide layer. The kinetics of the process were complex and did not conform to linear, parabolic, or logarithmic rate laws. The HVOF coatings exhibited a similar response. Where variations and anomalies are observed, they are attributed to differences in microstructure, composition, and spraying equipment. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Advanced Metal Foam Composites
Authors: Maurer M. , Lugscheider E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Various methods of making metallic foams and sponges have been studied, although the materials have not yet been put to commercial use. For foams produced using powder metallurgy, this is largely due to the poor surface quality and limited wear resistance. With thermal spray coatings, however, the foams can be upgraded to lightweight composites with defined surfaces, high wear resistance, and significantly increased strength. In this paper, commercial aluminum foams with closed cells and a closed foaming skin are coated with metal and ceramic layers by means of electric arc and plasma spraying. The coated foams are characterized based on their microstructure and the results of uniaxial compression testing. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Removal of Thermal Sprayed Layers
Authors: Redeker C.F. , Bach Fr.-W. , Brandt S. , Louis H. , Versemann R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the removal of thermal sprayed coatings. It describes chemical, mechanical, thermal, and erosive and abrasive waterjet coating removal processes. Plain waterjet and cryogenic techniques reduce the risk of damaging the substrate or bond layers because they are more selective and precise. In cases where thermal induced diffusion processes have changed the bond characteristics between the coating and substrate, the use of selective mechanisms tends to be limited. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Investigation of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Process by In-flight Particle Pyrometry and Thermography
Authors: Fischer A. , Seemann K. , Lugscheider E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study examines the influence of in-flight particle properties and substrate temperature on the quality of ceramic layers obtained at atmospheric plasma sprayings. Investigators sprayed aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide powders on metal substrates, using infrared temperature measurement techniques to monitor the process. The authors present the test data and explain what it reveals about particle flattening behavior, coating morphology, and the effect of cooling. The investigations show that the influence of substrate temperature must not be overlooked if layer properties are to be predicted and controlled. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Laser Processing of ZrO2 Coatings
Authors: Ilyuschenko A.Ph. , Okovity V.A. , Tolochko N.K. , Shevtsov A.F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the processes involved in the formation of fragmented layers produced on the surface of ceramic coatings by means of laser melting. For the experiments, plasma sprayed zirconia was applied to steel substrates and treated with CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers. The modified layers were found to consist of macro-fragments 500-2000 µm in size, which in turn consist of micro-fragments 20-70 µm in size. Crack gaps were observed at both levels with widths of 10-15 µm and 1-5 µm, respectively. Heat resistance, hardness, density, and roughness were determined before and after laser melting, and the changes measured are shown to depend on emitted laser power. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
A Novel Method for Manufacturing of Micro-Discharge Devices
Authors: Paul T. , Hartmann R. , Heberlein J. , Schoenbach K.H. , Shi W. , Stark R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, atmospheric plasma spraying is used to produce metal-insulator-metal structures that emit ultraviolet light via electrical discharge when sufficient voltage is applied. The metal layers are sprayed with molybdenum alloy powders and the insulator, a 50 to 100 μm dielectric layer, is sprayed with zirconia powder. The authors describe the fabrication process, assess the characteristics of the layers, and present test results that quantify the radiant power of the emitted UV light. Output power and efficiency of the plasma-sprayed structures are compared with that of commercial excimer lamps and the effects of coating erosion due to electrical discharge are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Study on Tribological Properties of Non-Skid Coating Made by Arc Spraying
Authors: Shining M. , Changqing L. , Chunhai Y. , Xin L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the performance of arc-sprayed composite layers produced using aluminum oxide-filled wires. In tribological property testing, the composite layers show good non-slip behavior with a high coefficient of friction. They also exhibit excellent wear resistance, four to six times better than that of aluminum layers, owing to the presence of aluminum oxide particles dispersed throughout the metal matrix. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Research on the Properties of NiCr-Based Cermet Coatings for Boiler Tube Protection
Authors: Ding Z. , Lu C. , Huang B. , Zhan W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The goal of this work is to develop a flame sprayed NiCr-Cr3C2 coating that resists oxidation, corrosion, and erosion in boiler environments and to assess the influence of Cr3C2 fraction and sealing on coating performance. In the experiments, NiCr cermet alloys with different proportions of chromium carbide were applied to boiler steel substrates by means of subsonic velocity flame spraying and some of the coatings were sealed with a silicon resin. The paper describes the various tests performed and presents the results. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Auffüllen von Defekten und Verbinden durch thermisches Spritzen (Filling of Defects and Bonding via Thermal Spraying)
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Babiak Z. , Tegeder G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper shows how thermal spraying, with an additional thermal treatment, can be used to join metal parts and fill surface defects. The joining and surface repair methods demonstrated in this work involve a wide range of materials and processes, and the results are characterized based on microstructural and elemental analysis and various property measurements. Paper text in German.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Cobalt-base PTA Layers Tested in a Molten Zn-Al Bath
Authors: Kim H.-J. , Yoon B.-H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to find a coating that can improve the wear resistance of bushings and sleeves used in continuous hot-dip galvanizing facilities. In the experiments, a number of wear-resistant alloys and their carbide composites are applied to stainless steel substrates by plasma transferred arc (PTA) surfacing and the resulting deposits are characterized based on XRD and SEM analysis, microhardness measurements, and pin-on-disk sliding wear tests conducted in a molten Zn-Al bath at 470 °C. Changes in microstructure during solidification are discussed and correlations are made with phase composition, hardness, wear behavior, and suspected wear mechanisms. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Digital Diagnostics Based on CCD Imaging for Monitoring Thermal Spray Processes
Authors: Ignatiev M. , Senchenko V. , Dozhdikov V. , Smurov I. , Bertrand P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a diagnostic system that monitors in-flight particle diameters, velocities, and temperatures during thermal spraying. The system is based on a low-cost CCD camera and user-developed software. The camera incorporates a 732 x 282 pixel sensor with high sensitivity in the near IR range where the only radiation is that of the particles. User-developed software modules handle signal processing, image analysis, calibration, and data visualization. In video images, particles appear as light tracks of varying length, width, and intensity, corresponding (respectively) to velocity, diameter, and temperature. A test case in which Cr2O3 powder is sprayed in a plasma jet demonstrates the capabilities of the diagnostic system. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Plasma Sprayed HA Coatings
Authors: Khor K.A. , Yu L.G. , Cheang P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the influence of spark plasma sintering (SPS) on plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings. For comparison purposes, a conventional heat treatment is also carried out. The surface microstructure as well as the crystallinity of each layer is determined by means of SEM and XRD analysis. Test results show that the crystallinity of the layers increases with increasing SPS temperature up to 800 °C and a large amount of β tricalcium phosphate is formed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Influence of Atomization Gas on Nitriding Process Under Ti Arc Spraying
Authors: Sakoda N. , Hida M. , Sakakibara Y. , Tajiri T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most of the work published to date on thermally sprayed titanium has been carried out in controlled atmospheres, yielding little information about the reaction of titanium with nitrogen and oxygen. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of atomization gas on the formation of titanium nitrides and oxides during wire arc spraying. In the experiments, three types of gases (air, nitrogen, and argon) are used to deposit Ti on steel substrates and the microstructure and composition of the coatings, as well as the wire feedstock, are assessed by means of SEM and XRD analysis. The effect of spraying distance on crystal structure and nitrogen content is also investigated in the case of the argon-atomized coating. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Mechanically Alloyed SiC Composite Powders for HVOF Applications
Authors: Wielage B. , Wilden J. , Schnick T. , Wank A. , Beczkowiak J. , Schülein R. , Zoz H. , Ren H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes how mechanically alloyed SiC composite powders with different metallic matrices are produced and applied by HVOF spraying. The sprayed layers are characterized in terms of layer morphology and wear behavior and compared with conventional cermets. Paper includes a German-language abstract.