bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PGE2 mediation of egg development in Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Choi Du‐Yeol , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEicosanoids mediate various insect physiological processes, including reproduction. Especially, the eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to mediate oocyte development in some insects. The explosive reproductive potential of the Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, damages various agricultural crops. However, little is known about the underlying physiological processes of egg development in this pest. This study found that treatment with aspirin (ASP) (a specific cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor) used to inhibit PGE2 biosynthesis during ovarian development significantly suppressed the reproduction of female F. occidentalis. However, the addition of PGE2 to ASP‐treated females significantly rescued the suppressed reproduction. PGE2 was detected in growing ovarian follicles in an immunofluorescence assay. The hypothetical biosynthetic machinery of PGE2 was predicted from the F. occidentalis genome and included phospholipase A2 (PLA2), COX‐like peroxidase (POX), and PGE2 synthase (PGES). Three specific PLA2s were highly expressed in female adults during active oogenesis. Specific POX and PGES genes also showed high expression during active oogenesis. The adverse effect of ASP treatment on oogenesis was observed in follicle formation in the germarium where the follicle numbers in an ovariole were decreased, which resulted in hypotrophied ovaries. This impairment was rescued by the addition of PGE2. ASP treatment also significantly inhibited chorion formation and suppressed gene expression associated with choriogenesis, which included chorion protein, mucin, and yellow while it did not inhibit vitellogenin gene expression. However, the addition of PGE2 induced the expression of the target genes suppressed by ASP treatment and rescued chorion formation. These results suggest that PGE2 mediated ovarian development by affecting follicle formation and choriogenesis in F. occidentalis.
A model predictive control approach for angle tracking of steer‐by‐wire system with nonlinear transmission ratio
Authors: Shi Qin , Wei Yujiang , Xie Dong , Li Feilong , Song Ke , He Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSteer‐by‐wire for full self‐driving vehicles requires rapid angle tracking in the process of steering, making steering system stability paramount. This is particularly challenging for steering wheels accurately without handwheel, for which road feedback information is scarce. While much of the research on steer‐by‐wire has focused on improving the stability of vehicle dynamics, comparatively little is known about the angle tracking control of steer‐by‐wire system for full self‐driving vehicle. Here, we discuss a series of studies on the steering dynamics model and nonlinear transmission ratio of steering system that, collectively, design an angle tracking approach of how the model predictive control algorithm steers the front wheels precisely. The designed approach has been downloaded into a steering control unit and tested by some steering cycles in a steering test bench to fully realize angle tracking control of steer‐by‐wire system in practical engineering.
The diurnal cycle of the lightning potential index over the Mexican tropical continental region during tropical cyclone Bud
Authors: Clouthier‐Lopez Jorge , Barrón‐Fernández Ricardo , Salas‐de‐León David Alberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAtmospheric processes over the Mexican continental territory can be influenced by the occurrence of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the adjacent oceans. Furthermore, the Mexican territory is characterized by the presence of diurnal cycles of lightning. The Lightning Potential Index (LPI), that is a measure of the potential for charge generation and separation that leads to lightning production in convective storms, was assessed for the diurnal variability of lightning that exhibited a strong diurnal cycle over the Mexican continental territory when TC Bud was over the adjacent eastern Pacific Ocean. The assessment, from 0000 UTC 10 June to 2000 UTC 15 June 2018, used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a new hybrid terrain‐following sigma‐pressure vertical coordinate. Two ensembles with various cumulus and microphysical parameterizations were performed with a grid spacing of 2 km. In one ensemble, sea surface temperature (SST) was prescribed from the Real‐time global (RTG) SST analysis product and allowed to evolve interactively with the modeled atmosphere. Then, all the ensemble members were compared against available observations from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to evaluate which model configurations perform best. It is not known if the LPI is capable of reproducing diurnal cycles of lightning over tropical regions; and the results allow gaining an understanding of the LPI when it reproduces the observed diurnal variability of lightning over land. The ensemble members that had better performances were those that included the prescribed SST.
Unraveling the role of biofuels in road transport under rapid electrification
Authors: Cavalett Otavio , Cherubini Francesco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiofuels have been the predominant option for climate change mitigation in road transport for decades, but the recent expansion of electric vehicles may bring into question their key role. In this work we model the energy use and life‐cycle emissions of road transport activities until 2050 in Norway, a country with a rapid growth in vehicle fleet electrification, to investigate the role that biofuels can play in climate change mitigation, and assess the implications for air pollution and human health. The mitigation benefits from biofuels peak around 2030 at 3.1 ± 0.45 MtCO2eq. year−1, approximately 30% of today's road transport emissions. The largest specific emission savings are achieved from biofuels in trucks and vans, for which the penetration of electric vehicles is slower. These results are consistent under different time horizons and climate metrics. The average impacts on human health are also decreased, but the uncertainty ranges for some biofuels options overlap with those of fossil fuels. Complementary and integrated strategies combining high electrification rates of the vehicle fleet with targeted applications of biofuels can increase the mitigation of road transport emissions. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Review of the state of science and evaluation of currently available in silico prediction models for reproductive and developmental toxicity: A case study on pesticides
Authors: Weyrich Anastasia , Joel Madeleine , Lewin Geertje , Hofmann Thomas , Frericks Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn silico methods for toxicity prediction have increased significantly in recent years due to the 3Rs principle. This also applies to predicting reproductive toxicology, which is one of the most critical factors in pesticide approval. The widely used quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models use experimental toxicity data to create a model that relates experimentally observed toxicity to molecular structures to predict toxicity. Aim of the study was to evaluate the available prediction models for developmental and reproductive toxicity regarding their strengths and weaknesses in a pesticide database.MethodsThe reproductive toxicity of 315 pesticides, which have a GHS classification by ECHA, was compared with the prediction of different in silico models: VEGA, OECD (Q)SAR Toolbox, Leadscope Model Applier, and CASE Ultra by MultiCASE.ResultsIn all models, a large proportion (up to 77%) of all pesticides were outside the chemical space of the model. Analysis of the prediction of remaining pesticides revealed a balanced accuracy of the models between 0.48 and 0.66.ConclusionOverall, predictions were only meaningful in rare cases and therefore always require evaluation by an expert. The critical factors were the underlying data and determination of molecular similarity, which offer great potential for improvement.
Influence of the anti‐oestrogens tamoxifen and letrozole on thyroid function in women with early and advanced breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Marina Djordje , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Buch‐Larsen Kristian , Gillberg Linn , Andersson Michael , Schwarz Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer (BC) is a common type of cancer in women. Advances in therapy options have resulted in higher overall survival rates but side effects of cancer treatment are increasingly in the spotlight. The beneficial effects of anti‐oestrogen therapy with tamoxifen and letrozole in the prevention of BC recurrence are well documented. While the most common side‐effects of this therapy are well‐defined, less is known about its effects on thyroid function. In women treated for early BC, an average of 1–5 kg weight gain has been observed after treatment with chemotherapy/anti‐oestrogens. We aim to evaluate the current knowledge on the side effects of tamoxifen and letrozole treatments on thyroid function, followed by its potential influence on the observed weight gain.MethodsWe searched PubMed and found 16 publications on thyroid function and tamoxifen treatment in pre‐ and post‐menopausal women with early‐ and advanced BC, whereas five publications on letrozole treatment in post‐menopausal women with advanced BC.ResultsAccording to the current literature, there is an overall tendency towards a mild and transient thyroid dysfunction, that is, subclinical hypothyroidism in tamoxifen‐treated patients. Only one publication reported further significant changes in thyroid hormones beyond one year of tamoxifen treatment. No significant changes in thyroid function have been observed among letrozole‐treated patients.ConclusionTamoxifen‐treated patients can develop mild and transient thyroid dysfunction within the first 12 months, yet further significant changes in thyroid function beyond one year of tamoxifen treatment have been reported in a single study. There is no evidence of thyroid dysfunction in letrozole‐treated patients. Current literature does not focus on subclinical hypothyroidism as a possible cause of weight gain in patients with BC. Subgrouping of BC patients and studies with a longer observation of thyroid hormones and weight changes during and after anti‐oestrogen treatment are needed to further elucidate how anti‐oestrogens affect thyroid function.
Ultrasound features of pregnancy‐associated breast cancer: A retrospective observational analysis
Authors: Jafari Maryam , Abbasvandi Fereshteh , Nazeri Elahe , Olfatbakhsh Asiie , Kaviani Ahmad , Esmaeili Rezvan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPregnancy‐associated breast cancer (PABC) is a poor prognosis in women, and the mortality rate is higher in this subgroup of patients than in non‐PABC. This study aims to assess clinicopathological and ultrasound features of patients with PABC. Of 75 patients with breast cancer, 31 cases were in lactating, or pregnancy phase and 44 patients had no recent history of pregnancy/lactation at the time of cancer detection. The available pathological characteristics and ultrasound findings of the PABC and non‐PABC groups were compared. The analysis of ultrasound findings demonstrated that the percentages of antiparallel orientation (p = 0.04) and heterogeneous internal echo pattern (p = 0.002) were higher in the PABC group. The final Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) assessment in the two groups was significantly different (p = 0.008). In this study, most PABCs were BI‐RADS 4c or 5; compared with age‐matched non‐PABC cases. There were significant differences in ER (p = 0.03), receptor groups (p = 0.007), and tumor grade (p = 0.02) in PABC compared to non‐PABC group. To conclude, radiologists should be careful about ultrasound findings of PABC and recommend core needle biopsy in suspected cases.
Modeling craftspeople for cultural heritage: A case study
Authors: Cadi Yazli Nedjma , Baka Evangelia , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia , Kaplanidi Danae , Partarakis Nikolaos , Karuzaki Effie , Zidianakis Manos , Pattakos Andreas , Zabulis Xenophon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntangible heritage is often linked to human actions and performances. The use of digital humans (DHs) for its digital representation and therefore its preservation, allows reframing the way to transmit and deal with content that is difficult to visualize. To that end, the digital human becomes an important element establishing the connection between the action, the objects, the knowledge, and the environment. In this article, we describe the development of DHs acting as practitioners and storytellers for traditional craft processes within virtual environments. We present the process and the tasks involved in modeling, designing, and animating DHs, detailing the underlying technological background. Animations were completely based on real humans' motion extraction while working on the corresponding craft. As a result, we present the different DHs models created for three specific heritage crafts: mastic cultivation, glass blowing, and silk weaving as well as an AR application, built to augment exhibits of the Chios Mastic Museum. This article is a practical description of the steps to model and animate virtual humans. The work aims to bring a methodology for achieving DHs creation for CH applications.
Insight into the Potential of Meehania fargesii var. Radicans against Hp‐Induced Gastric Carcinoma Based on Phytochemical and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Zhou GuangXin , Song Ce , Liu XuePeng , Zhao JiaMing , Meng DaLi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe used UV‐guided method to isolate and identify 12 secondary metabolites from Meehania fargesii var. Radicans for the first time, including eight triterpenoids (1–8), two phenylpropanoid derivatives (9–10) and two flavone glycosides (11–12). Their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopic methods, as well as literature comparison. The identified compounds and positive drugs (amoxicillin, omeprazole and clarithromycin) were further analyzed for their in silico docking interactions with HtrA using igemdock. Docking studies revealed the high binding affinity of phytochemicals at significant sites with HtrA, compounds 11 and 12 exhibiting stronger binding ability than standard drug, 1 and 3–10 demonstrating comparable docking capacity to standard drugs. The chemotaxonomic relationships were carried out to exploring the possibilities of other medicinal plants against Hp‐induced gastric carcinoma. The results demonstrated there are closely chemotaxonomic similarity among several genera of the Lamiaceae family as well as among Lamiaceae, Actinidiaceae and Rosaceae families, indicating a similar chemical compositions and anti‐Hp‐induces gastric carcinoma activity among them.
Immobilized Eosin Y for the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines in Flow
Authors: Herbrik Fabian , Rossi Sergio , Sanz Miguel , Puglisi Alessandra , Benaglia Maurizio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new easy‐to‐synthesize solid supported Eosin Y and its application in the building of a catalytic continuous flow reactor is reported. The fluidic device was employed to perform tertiary amines in‐flow photooxidations followed by a nucleophile addition, with overall productivity increased by one order magnitude. When using the iminium‐ions in situ generated or in a telescoped fashion, the resulting Mannich‐products were isolated with high diastereoselectivity and up to 90 % enantioselectivity, simply using air as terminal oxidant.
Revealing the Promotion Effects of Nb on Alkali Resistance of FeVO4/TiO2 Catalysts for NOx Reduction
Authors: Li Shuangxi , Hu Weiwei , Xu Ziqiang , Yu Huijun , Lan Tianwei , Han Lupeng , Zhang Dengsong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFeVO4‐based catalysts with a wide temperature window and high SO2 tolerance have attracted increasing attention for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. However, the alkali‐resistance of FeVO4‐based catalysts is still challenging. In this study, the K‐resistance of FeVO4/TiO2 was markedly improved via the Nb modification. It was demonstrated that the adsorption and reactivity of NH3/NH4+ and NOx species on K poisoned FeVO4/TiO2 both decreased, which restrained the process of Langmuir‐Hinshelwood reaction path. As a comparison, more adsorption of NH3/NH4+ species and the higher reactivity with gaseous NO maintain the process of Eley‐Rideal reaction path, leading to a satisifactory SCR activity. This work demonstrated an effective route to improve alkali‐resistance via modulating reactivity and reaction path of adsorbed NH3/NH4+ and NOx species over Nb modified vanadate catalysts, which presented a new point for the development of high‐performance alkali‐resistant SCR catalysts.
Transition Metal‐Free Catalytic C−H Silylation of Terminal Alkynes with bis(Trimethylsilyl)acetylene Initiated by KHMDS
Authors: Kuciński Krzysztof , Hreczycho Grzegorz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommercially available and inexpensive potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS) serves as an efficient transition metal‐free catalyst for the catalytic sp C−H silylation of several terminal alkynes including two pharmaceuticals. Overall, the presented system allows the synthesis of various attractive silylacetylenes under mild conditions, making this approach an environmentally benign and sustainable alternative to existing synthetic solutions.
C−H and Si−H Activation Reactions at Ru/Ga Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Case Study on the Ru−Ga Bond
Authors: Muhr Maximilian , Bühler Raphael , Liang Hao , Gilch Jonas , Jandl Christian , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Gemel Christian , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTreatment of [Ru(COD)(MeAllyl)2] and [Ru(COD)(COT)] with GaCp* under hydrogenolytic conditions leads to reactive intermediates which activate Si−H or C−H bonds, respectively. The product complexes [Ru(GaCp*)3(SiEt3)H3] (1) and [Ru(GaCp*)3(C7H7)H3] (2) are formed with HSiEt3or with toluene as the solvent, respectively. While1was isolated and fully characterized by NMR, MS, IR and SC‐XRD,2was too labile to be isolated and was observed and characterized in situ by using mass spectrometry, including labelling experiments for the unambiguous assignment of the elemental composition. The structural assignment was confirmed by DFT calculations. The relative energies of the four isomers possible upon toluene activation at theortho‐,meta‐,para‐ and CH3‐positions have been determined and point to aromatic C−H activation. The Ru−Ga bond was analyzed by EDA and QTAIM and compared to the Ru−P bond in the analogue phosphine compound. Bonding analyses indicate that the Ru‐GaCp* bond is weaker than the Ru‐PR3bond.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Electroreductive Syntheses of Triphenylenes Using ortho‐Dihalobenzene‐Derived Benzynes
Authors: Li Zhao‐Ming , Shuai Bin , Ma Cong , Fang Ping , Mei Tian‐Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive SummaryElectrochemical nickel‐catalyzed syntheses of triphenylenes by a) reductive trimerization of ortho‐dibromobenzenes or ortho‐bromoarylsulfurofluoridates, or b) reductive cross‐coupling of ortho‐dibromobenzenes to 2,2’‐diiodobiphenyls, are described. The former provides a practical means for the construction of triphenylene derivatives in up to 87% isolated yield at room temperature. For 1,2‐dihalo‐3‐methylbenzenes and related ortho‐trisubstituted substrates, trimerizations proceed with high substrate‐controlled regioselectivity for the non‐C3h symmetric triphenylene isomer.
Quantifying the hidden impact of COVID‐19 pandemic: The cytology perspective
Authors: Yousefi Elham , Cibas Edmund S. , Mito Jeffrey K. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe burden of the COVID‐19 pandemic is often enumerated in lives lost, but the strain on health care resources and mobility limitations contributed to the burden of non–COVID related disease. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the pandemic through a time series review of cytology samples.MethodsPathology reports for all cytology specimens received from January 2019 through April 2021 at our institution were reviewed. Time series analysis was performed using moving averages, time trend analysis, cross‐correlation, and tests of homogeneity.ResultsDuring the first peak of the pandemic (March–June 2020), breakpoint analysis showed a downward shift in the number of gynecologic (−89.4%) and non‐gynecologic (−70.4%) cytology specimens within a week of declaration of an emergency. Cross‐correlation analysis showed a relationship between sample numbers and COVID‐19 cases during the initial phase of the pandemic (April–June 2020). During the second surge (October 2020–April 2021), despite the higher incidence of COVID‐19, there was a smaller impact on cytology samples (−20.1% and − 24.8% for gynecologic and non‐gynecologic samples, respectively). During the first 3 months of the pandemic, 154 fewer malignant cases were identified compared with the prior year. Although specimen numbers slowly returned to baseline following the first wave of the pandemic, the earlier decline in malignant diagnoses was not offset during the study period.ConclusionsThe deleterious effects of COVID‐19 extend beyond direct mortality attributed to the disease. The significant decrease in diagnostic cytology specimens during this period has profound implications including delayed care and missed disease.
Novel insights on [1,2]oxazolo[5,4‐e]isoindoles on multidrug resistant acute myeloid leukemia cell line
Authors: Labbozzetta Manuela , Barreca Marilia , Spanò Virginia , Raimondi Maria Valeria , Poma Paola , Notarbartolo Monica , Barraja Paola , Montalbano Alessandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of [1,2]oxazolo[5,4‐e]isoindole derivatives was evaluated against HL‐60 cell line and its multidrug resistance (MDR) variant, HL‐60R, resistant to doxorubicin and to other P‐gp substrates by overexpressing the efflux pump. They displayed antiproliferative activities, with IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 5.5 µM. In particular, the newly synthesized compound 4k produced synergistic effects in terms of cell growth inhibition and cell death induction either in combination with a Vinca alkaloid, Vinblastine, and a Taxane, Paclitaxel in HL‐60R cells. The study of the mechanism of action indicated that all compounds showed antimitotic activity through inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Thus, [1,2]oxazoles could represent a valuable tool to overcome MDR mechanism, confirming the potential use of this class of compounds.