bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical learning for sparser fine‐mapped polygenic models: The prediction of LDL‐cholesterol
Authors: Maj Carlo , Staerk Christian , Borisov Oleg , Klinkhammer Hannah , Wai Yeung Ming , Krawitz Peter , Mayr Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk scores quantify the individual genetic predisposition regarding a particular trait. We propose and illustrate the application of existing statistical learning methods to derive sparser models for genome‐wide data with a polygenic signal. Our approach is based on three consecutive steps. First, potentially informative loci are identified by a marginal screening approach. Then, fine‐mapping is independently applied for blocks of variants in linkage disequilibrium, where informative variants are retrieved by using variable selection methods including boosting with probing and stochastic searches with the Adaptive Subspace method. Finally, joint prediction models with the selected variants are derived using statistical boosting. In contrast to alternative approaches relying on univariate summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies, our three‐step approach enables to select and fit multivariable regression models on large‐scale genotype data. Based on UK Biobank data, we develop prediction models for LDL‐cholesterol as a continuous trait. Additionally, we consider a recent scalable algorithm for the Lasso. Results show that statistical learning approaches based on fine‐mapping of genetic signals result in a competitive prediction performance compared to classical polygenic risk approaches, while yielding sparser risk models.
Impact of the restrictions on community activities policy during the COVID‐19 on psychological health in Indonesia's urban and rural residents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Desdiani Desdiani , Sutarto Auditya P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough extensive research has been conducted on the psychological impact after exposure to the COVID‐19 pandemic, very few studies simultaneously investigated the negative and positive impacts on urban and rural residents. This study aims to compare the extent of psychological impact on Indonesian living in urban and rural areas a year after the first case of COVID‐19 was reported.Design, Methodology and ApproachWe employed a cross‐sectional study design. A total of 428 participants completed a set of web‐based questionnaires from February to March 2021, consisting of the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R), the Perceived Social‐Support (PSS), the mental health‐related lifestyle (MHLS), and 6‐item negative impacts, and the Jenkins' Sleep Scale (JSS).FindingsOver 40% of the participants reported moderate to severe trauma‐related distress; 30%–40% increased stress at work, home, and financial stress, and 50% more social support gained from their family and friends. Although 62.1% of participants paid more attention to their mental health, only 30% engaged in a healthier lifestyle, and 36.7% had sleep problems. No significant differences were found between urban and rural residents on psychological impact, changes in mental health and related lifestyles, and sleep quality. Urban residents perceived more negative impacts, in parallel with increased social support, compared to rural residents. We also found a significant correlation between psychological impact, sleep disturbance, and increased social support. However, there was no significant association between mental health‐related lifestyles and other scales.Originality and ValueThis is among the first studies that examine the urban–rural disparity on the positive and negative impact of the COVID‐19 in the later stage of the pandemic. Our findings offer insights to provide equal effort to mitigate the negative impacts of the COVID‐19 crisis as well as promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in both urban and rural residencies.
The Clinical Research Bias Index (CRBI): A novel journal ranking method applied to child health respiratory studies
Authors: Vairavan Manishaa , Prayle Andrew , Davies Patrick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsJournal impact factor has historically been taken as a proxy for quality. However, this is open to significant manipulation and bias. There is currently not widely adopted, robust journal and paper ranking metric which is focused solely on risk of bias.MethodsRisk of bias data was extracted from all Cochrane database systematic reviews in Child Health, Lungs, and Airways for the years 2017–2019. A novel paper quality score, the Clinical Research Bias Index (CRBI), was applied. Individual paper data were pooled for each journal. A comparison was made to journal impact factors, individual paper citations, reads, and altmetric scores.Results927 papers were analyzed for risk of bias. 119 (12·8%) scored a CRBI of 100%, with a mean score of 70%. A journal's overall CRBI risk of bias score was poorly correlated with impact factor (r 0.25). Citations (r 0.02), and reads (r 0.01) of individual papers showed very little association with the paper's risk of bias. Likewise, reads were not correlated with citations (r 0.03). H‐index and Altmetric scores were similarly poorly correlated with CRBI.ConclusionThe novel research quality tool CRBI demonstrates the poor correlation between journal impact factor, citations, and risk of bias. Journal and paper ranking metrics should ensure that they are fit for purpose, and enable the dissemination of high‐quality research for the benefit of patients. We propose the CRBI as a potential solution which is resistant to manipulation and will reward the creation and publication of bias‐free research.
Under‐prescription of medications in older adults according to START criteria: A cross‐sectional study in Lebanon
Authors: Hanna Venise , Chahine Bahia , Al Souheil Farah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsUnder‐prescription is defined as the exclusion of medications indicated for the treatment of certain conditions without any rationale for not prescribing them. The under‐prescription of medications is highly prevalent among older adults (≥65 years) receiving polypharmacy. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the under‐prescription of medications using the Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment (START) criteria version 2 and to identify the predictors of having potential prescribing omissions (PPOs).MethodsThis cross‐sectional, face‐to‐face interview study was carried out between September 2021 and February 2022. The study comprised community‐dwelling older adults taking at least one medication on a regular basis. The study questionnaire included the patients' demographics, clinical data, and comorbidities. PPOs were identified using the START criteria. The χ2 test was used to assess the association between under‐prescription of medication and the demographic/clinical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore factors associated with under‐prescription of medications as the dependent variable and taking all variables that showed a p < 0.05 in the bivariate analysis as independent.ResultsA total of 444 older adults agreed to participate in this study. The mean age of participants was 71 ± 8.6; the majority of them, 305 (68.7%), were men. Polypharmacy was present in 261 patients (58.8%) and underprescribing of medications in 260 patients (58.6%). The highest percentage of under‐prescribing of medications was reported with statins in 115 patients (44.2%) followed by aspirin in 93 (35.7%), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors in 61 (23.4%). The results of the multivariable analysis showed that patients with underprescribed medications had higher odds of polypharmacy (odds ratio [OR]: 2.015, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.362–2.980, p < 0.001) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 2.807, CI 95% 1.463–5.85, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe present findings highlight that PPOs are highly prevalent among community‐dwelling older adults in Lebanon. Multimorbidity and polypharmacy were the identified predictors for under‐prescription of medications in this population.
Lattice expansion enables interstitial doping to achieve a high average ZT in n‐type PbS
Authors: Liu Zhengtao , Hong Tao , Xu Liqing , Wang Sining , Gao Xiang , Chang Cheng , Ding Xiangdong , Xiao Yu , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLead sulfide (PbS) presents large potential in thermoelectric application due to its earth‐abundant S element. However, its inferior average ZT (ZTave) value makes PbS less competitive with its analogs PbTe and PbSe. To promote its thermoelectric performance, this study implements strategies of continuous Se alloying and Cu interstitial doping to synergistically tune thermal and electrical transport properties in n‐type PbS. First, the lattice parameter of 5.93 Å in PbS is linearly expanded to 6.03 Å in PbS0.5Se0.5 with increasing Se alloying content. This expanded lattice in Se‐alloyed PbS not only intensifies phonon scattering but also facilitates the formation of Cu interstitials. Based on the PbS0.6Se0.4 content with the minimal lattice thermal conductivity, Cu interstitials are introduced to improve the electron density, thus boosting the peak power factor, from 3.88 μW cm−1 K−2 in PbS0.6Se0.4 to 20.58 μW cm−1 K−2 in PbS0.6Se0.4−1%Cu. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal conductivity in PbS0.6Se0.4−x%Cu (x = 0–2) is further suppressed due to the strong strain field caused by Cu interstitials. Finally, with the lowered thermal conductivity and high electrical transport properties, a peak ZT ~1.1 and ZTave ~0.82 can be achieved in PbS0.6Se0.4 − 1%Cu at 300–773K, which outperforms previously reported n‐type PbS.
DFT Studies of Au(I) Catalysed Reactions: Anion Effects and Reaction Selectivity
Authors: Epton Ryan G. , Unsworth William P. , Lynam Jason M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) is a powerful tool that can aid in the exploration and development of synthetic chemistry, and its use is often applied in the chemistry of gold(I) catalysis. In this review, we discuss two different facets of these calculations – namely, the exploration and explanation of anion effects, and the regioselectivity and speciation of gold(I)‐catalysed reactions. The research described herein clearly shows the importance of including the anion in DFT studies of Au(I)‐catalysed reactions, especially when using low polarity solvents, or where hydrogen‐bonding is prevalent. Additionally, we show that whilst using DFT to study the selectivity of reactions can be successful, benchmarking the computational results against experimental data is vitally important for ensuring that the model is accurately describing the observed results.
Conceptualizing brand purpose and considering its implications for consumer eudaimonic well‐being
Authors: Williams Patti , Escalas Jennifer Edson , Morningstar Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn response to high‐profile calls, and the apparent demand from consumers, brands in a wide variety of categories have sought to define, articulate, communicate, and act according to their “brand purpose.” But what is brand purpose? Human purpose is seen as a long‐term commitment to act consistently with one's values, leading to productive engagement with the world that transcends the self. However, the use of the term purpose as applied to brands raises a number of questions. In what ways is brand purpose similar to, and different from, human purpose? How do consumers react to brand purpose? How might a brand's purpose impact consumers? In this review, we explore the concept of brand purpose and its potential impact on consumer behavior, drawing upon the literature on human purpose. Additionally, we propose that engagement and connections with authentically purposeful brands may contribute to consumers' own purposeful lives, ultimately helping consumers achieve their own eudaimonic well‐being. We develop a framework highlighting the relationship between brand purpose and consumer eudaimonic well‐being to guide future research in this domain.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: Management of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Harrison Meghan , Scalici Paul 
Published: August 2022

GUIDELINE TITLE: 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Kawasaki DiseaseRELEASE DATE: March 7, 2022PRIOR VERSION (S): 2017DEVELOPER: American College of Rheumatology and the Vasculitis FoundationFUNDING SOURCE: American College of Rheumatology and the Vasculitis FoundationTARGET POPULATION: Children with Kawasaki disease
Facial Nerve Paralysis and COVID‐19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Namavarian Amirpouyan , Eid Anas , Ziai Hedyeh , Cheng Emily YiQin , Enepekides Danny 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveSeveral cases of facial nerve paralysis (FNP) post‐COVID‐19 infection have been reported with varying presentations and management. This study aims to identify FNP clinical characteristics and recovery outcomes among patients acutely infected with COVID‐19. We hypothesize that FNP is a potentially unique sequalae associated with COVID‐19 infections.MethodsA systematic review of PubMed‐Medline, OVID Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to November 2021 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsThis search identified 630 studies with 53 meeting inclusion criteria. This resulted in 72 patients, of which 30 (42%) were diagnosed with Guillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS). Non‐GBS patients were on average younger (36 vs. 53 years) and more likely to present with unilateral FNP (88%) compared to GBS patients who presented predominantly with bilateral FNP (74%). Among non‐GBS patients, majority (70%) of FNP presented a median of 8 [IQR 10] days after the onset of initial COVID‐19 symptom(s). Treatment for non‐GBS patients consisted of steroids (60%), antivirals (29%), antibiotics (21%), and no treatment (21%). Complete FNP recovery in non‐GBS patients was achieved in 67% patients within a median of 11 [IQR 24] days.ConclusionFNP is a possible presentation post COVID‐19 infections, associated with both GBS and non‐GBS patients. Although no causation can be assumed, the clinical course of isolated FNP associated with COVID‐19 raises the possibility of a unique presentation differing from Bell's palsy, seen with higher proportion of patients developing bilateral FNP and a shorter duration to complete recovery. Laryngoscope, 133:1007–1013, 2023
Electrically‐Driven Photonic Crystal Lasers with Ultra‐low Threshold
Authors: Dimopoulos Evangelos , Sakanas Aurimas , Marchevsky Andrey , Xiong Meng , Yu Yi , Semenova Elizaveta , Mørk Jesper , Yvind Kresten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight sources with ultra‐low energy consumption and high performance are required to realize optical interconnects for on‐chip communication. Photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity lasers are one of the most promising candidates for this role. In this work, a continuous‐wave PhC nanolaser with an ultra‐low threshold current of 10.2 µA emitting at 1540 nm and operated at room temperature is demonstrated. The lasers are InP‐based bonded on silicon (Si), and comprise a buried heterostructure active region and lateral p–i–n junction, feature CMOS‐compatible drive voltage, and exhibit low self‐heating. Carrier leakage is a fundamental limitation of the lateral pumping scheme that is identified as unwanted spontaneous emission from the InP p–i interface, limiting the injection efficiency to 3% which further decreases at higher current. The effect of fabrication disorder and p‐doping absorption on the Q‐factor is studied experimentally showing that p‐doping limits the Q‐factor to 8000, with a p‐doping absorption coefficient of 120 cm−1.
Radiation‐Type Programmable Metasurface for Direct Manipulation of Electromagnetic Emission
Authors: Bai Xudong , Zhang Fuli , Sun Li , Cao Anjie , Wang Xiaojun , Kong Fanwei , Zhang Jin , He Chong , Jin Ronghong , Zhu Weiren , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProgrammable metasurfaces enable fine‐grained real‐time modulation over electromagnetic (EM) waves in a digital manner, which have gained remarkable attention in antenna engineering and wireless communications. However, either a reflective or transmissive programmable metasurface requires an external feed source with significant distance to the metasurface, making the whole programmable device a relatively high profile as well as low efficiency as a result of the feed spillover losses. In this paper, an innovative design of radiation‐type programmable metasurface for dynamic modulation of radiant EM wave is presented, which perfectly combines the functions of 1‐bit phase shifter and efficient power radiator in the single unit framework. By employing the integrated series‐parallel hybrid microstrip network to stimulate the topside metasurface units, versatile capacities, including dynamic beam scanning and multimode vortex beam generation, are verified both numerically and experimentally. Due to the direct‐radiation characteristic of the metasurface design, the programmable metasurface possesses the aperture efficiency over 30% and a low profile reduced by almost two orders of magnitude, when comparing with the conventional reflective or transmissive programmable metasurfaces illuminated by the external feeds. The proposed design can offer a novel approach of programmable metasurface framework in dynamic radiant EM modulation for low‐profile conformal applications.
Advances in Chromium‐Activated Phosphors for Near‐Infrared Light Sources
Authors: Zhao Fangyi , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCr3+/Cr4+‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials have attracted extensive attention owing to their tunable emission wavelength and widespread applications in plant growth, food analysis, biomedical imaging, night vision, and so on. Plenty of excellent NIR materials are developed by introducing Cr3+/Cr4+ ion to various inorganic hosts. Herein, the effect of crystal field on Cr3+/Cr4+ luminescence by combining the Tanabe–Sugano energy level diagram and configuration coordinate model is discussed. Research progress of Cr3+/Cr4+‐doped NIR luminescent materials, including the phosphors designed from structural models with octahedral, tetrahedral, and other coordination types, is then outlined. The luminescence properties of more than 200 kinds of Cr3+/Cr4+‐doped materials are summarized. In particular, several strategies for tuning emission wavelength, broadening emission band, enhancing NIR luminescence efficiency, and improving thermal stability, are listed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in the research of Cr3+/Cr4+‐doped NIR luminescent materials are presented. This review will contribute to a deeper understanding of not only Cr3+/Cr4+ luminescence mechanism but also the current research progress of chromium‐doped luminescent materials, so as to develop more Cr3+/Cr4+‐activated NIR luminescent materials with better performance and explore more applications.
Multifunctional Terahertz Transparency of a Thermally Oxidized Vanadium Metasurface over Insulator Metal Transition
Authors: Yang Hyosim , Kim Dai‐Sik , Yun Hyeong Seok , Kim Sunghwan , Lee Dukhyung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the most promising materials for active metasurfaces due to the insulator‐metal transition, urging the development of an etching‐free patterning method and realization of multifunctionality in various spectral bands. Here, without etching, photolithography of vanadium metal followed by thermal oxidation achieve all‐VO2 slit array metasurfaces that can be exploited as a multifunctional terahertz (THz) transparent electrode. The metasurfaces retain approximately constant THz transparency over the phase transition while the electrical conductivity of the VO2 lines changes about a thousand times, and near‐infrared (NIR) diffraction is switched selectively. Numerical simulation shows that, during the phase transition, a decrease in THz transmission through the VO2 lines is compensated for by funneling through the slits, which is especially efficient with a deep subwavelength period. On the contrary, at the NIR range, the optical path difference between the slits and the VO2 lines is controlled according to the VO2 phase, enabling switching between constructive and destructive interferences for a specific diffraction order. It is expected that the demonstrated patterning method and multifunctional THz transparency will promote VO2‐based metasurfaces, finding multispectral applications such as THz/NIR hybrid communication.
High‐Power Mid‐IR Few‐Cycle Frequency Comb from Quadratic Solitons in an Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Liu Mingchen , Gray Robert M. , Roy Arkadev , Ingold Kirk A. , Sorokin Evgeni , Sorokina Irina , Schunemann Peter G. , Marandi Alireza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPowerful and efficient optical frequency combs in the mid‐infrared (MIR) spectral region are highly desirable for a broad range of applications. Despite extensive efforts utilizing various techniques, MIR frequency comb sources are still lacking power, efficiency, or bandwidth for many applications. Here, the generation of an intrinsically locked frequency comb source centered at 4.18 µm from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating in the simulton regime is reported, in which formation of purely quadratic solitons leads to enhanced performance. Advantages of operation in the simulton regime in direct experimental comparisons to the conventional regime are shown, which are also supported by simulation and theory. 565 mW of average power, 900 nm of instantaneous 3 dB bandwidth, 350% slope efficiency, and 44% conversion efficiency are achieved, a performance that is superior to previous OPO demonstrations and other sources in this wavelength range. Here, a new avenue toward MIR frequency comb generation with high power and efficiency is opened, and the great potential of soliton generation based on quadratic nonlinearity in the MIR spectral region is suggested.
Watermelon‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Influence Human Ex Vivo Placental Cell Behavior by Altering Intestinal Secretions
Authors: Timms Kate , Holder Beth , Day Anil , Mclaughlin John , Forbes Karen A. , Westwood Melissa 
Published: August 2022

ScopeDuring pregnancy, mother‐to‐fetus transfer of nutrients is mediated by the placenta; sub‐optimal placental development and/or function results in fetal growth restriction (FGR), and the attendant risk of stillbirth, neurodevelopmental delay, and non‐communicable diseases in adulthood. A maternal diet high in fruit and vegetables lowers the risk of FGR but the association cannot be explained fully by known macro‐ and micronutrients.Methods and resultsThis study investigates if dietary‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can regulate placental function. The study characterizes the microRNA and protein cargo of EVs isolated from watermelon, show they are actively internalized by human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, use mass spectrometry to demonstrate that they alter the intestinal secretome and bioinformatic analyses to predict the likely affected pathways in cells/tissues distal to gut. Application of the watermelon EV‐modified intestinal secretome to human placental trophoblast cells and ex vivo tissue explants affects the trophoblast proteome and key aspects of trophoblast behavior, including migration and syncytialization.ConclusionDietary‐derived plant EVs can modify intestinal communication with distal tissues, including the placenta. Harnessing the beneficial properties of dietary‐derived plant EVs and/or exploiting their potential as natural delivery agents may provide new ways to improve placental function and reduce rates of FGR.