bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early repolarization in adolescent athletes: A gender comparison of ECG and echocardiographic characteristics
Authors: Vecchiato Marco , Baioccato Veronica , Adami Paolo Emilio , Quinto Giulia , Foccardi Giulia , Slanzi Giulio , Battista Francesca , Neunhaeuserer Daniel , Ermolao Andrea 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe early repolarization pattern (ERp) is an electrocardiographic finding previously associated with arrhythmic risk in adults. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ERp in a group of adolescent athletes according to gender. Furthermore, potential associations with clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters are explored.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study young athletes (age < 18 years) were consecutively enrolled during the annual pre‐participation evaluation, undergoing also transthoracic echocardiography assessment from January 2015 to March 2020.ResultsThe prevalence of ERp was 27% in the whole population. Athletes with ERp were more frequently men practicing endurance sports. Women with ERp showed lower heart rate at rest, greater posterior, and relative ventricular wall thickness than those without ERp. Men with ERp presented higher systolic blood pressure at peak exercise, greater septal wall thickness, and indexed left ventricular mass than those without ERp. Both genders with ERp showed increased QRS voltage and narrower QRS duration. The ERp phenotype in men was more frequently notched with higher amplitude and ascending ST segment. Women's ERp presented more frequently a slurred morphology, especially in the inferior leads, and horizontal ST slope. No differences emerged in the occurrence of arrhythmias at rest and during maximal exercise test between groups, even considering higher risk phenotypes.ConclusionsERp is an ECG finding compatible with normal cardiac adaptations to training in young athletes. ERp demonstrated gender differences regarding phenotypes previously associated with increased cardiovascular risk, not showing any differences in arrhythmias during maximal exercise test.
Exploring a complex gender wage gap dataset: an introductory activity in identifying issues and data visualization
Authors: Lasater Robert S. , Joseph Anny‐Claude , Cummiskey Kevin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we provide instructors with an approach for a classroom activity for students in an introductory data science or statistics course who have little or no statistical programming experience. We designed this activity to help students improve their statistical literacy while exploring a social justice problem‐the gender wage gap. To minimize the challenges of developing statistical literacy in students who lack programming skills, we developed a web‐based data visualization application that does not require users to have any prior programming knowledge. The data in this visualization application comes from the March 2018 Current Population Uniform Extracts detailed by the Center for Economic Policy Research. Students can use the visualization application to create tables and plots to explore data on factors such as earnings and gender. Instructors can also use the application for other wage‐related variables, such as race, occupation and family size.
Tobacco mosaic virus hijacks its coat protein‐interacting protein IP‐L to inhibit NbCML30, a calmodulin‐like protein, to enhance its infection
Authors: Liu Changyun , Zhang Jian , Wang Jing , Liu Weina , Wang Ke , Chen Xue , Wen Yuxia , Tian Shaorui , Pu Yundan , Fan Guangjin , Ma Xiaozhou , Sun Xianchao 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYCalcium is an important plant immune signal that is essential for activating host resistance, but how RNA viruses manipulate calcium signals to promote their infections remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP)‐interacting protein L (IP‐L) associates with calmodulin‐like protein 30 (NbCML30) in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and can suppress its expression at the nucleic acid and protein levels. NbCML30, which lacks the EF‐hand conserved domain and cannot bind to Ca2+, was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus and was downregulated by TMV infection. NbCML30 silencing promoted TMV infection, while its overexpression inhibited TMV infection by activating Ca2+‐dependent oxidative stress in plants. NbCML30‐mediated resistance to TMV mainly depends on IP‐L regulation as the facilitation of TMV infection by silencing NbCML30 was canceled by co‐silencing NbCML30 and IP‐L. Overall, these findings indicate that in the absence of any reported silencing suppressor activity, TMV CP manipulates IP‐L to inhibit NbCML30, influencing its Ca2+‐dependent role in the oxidative stress response. These results lay a theoretical foundation that will enable us to engineer tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) with improved TMV resistance in the future.
TaFDL2‐1A confers drought stress tolerance by promoting ABA biosynthesis, ABA responses, and ROS scavenging in transgenic wheat
Authors: Wang Bingxin , Li Liqun , Liu Mingliu , Peng De , Wei Aosong , Hou Beiyuan , Lei Yanhong , Li Xuejun 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYPlants have developed various protective mechanisms to survive drought stress. Previously, it was shown that a wheat bZIP transcription factor gene TaFD‐Like2‐1A (TaFDL2‐1A) can confer drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. However, the biological functions related to drought stress tolerance of TaFDL2‐1A in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) remain unclear. In the present study, overexpression of TaFDL2‐1A in the wheat cultivar Fielder improved drought resistance and conferred abscisic acid (ABA) hypersensitivity. Further analysis showed that overexpression of TaFDL2‐1A increased the hypersensitivity of stomata to drought stress and endogenous ABA content under drought conditions. Genetic analysis and transcriptional regulation analysis indicated that TaFDL2‐1A binds directly to the promoter fragments of TaRAB21s and TaNCED2s via ACGT core cis‐elements, thereby activating their expression, leading to enhanced ABA responses and endogenous ABA accumulation. In addition, our results demonstrate that overexpression of TaFDL2‐1A results in higher SOD and GPX activities in wheat under drought conditions by promoting the expression of TaSOD1 and TaGPx1‐D, indicating enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. These results imply that TaFDL2‐1A positively regulates ABA biosynthesis, ABA responses, and ROS scavenging to improve drought stress tolerance in transgenic wheat. Our findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms that allow the wheat bZIP transcription factor to improve drought resistance and provide a useful reference gene for breeding programs to enhance drought resistance.
Long‐term outcome of dogs treated by surgical debridement of proximal humeral osteochondrosis
Authors: Zann Geoffrey J. , Jones Stephen C. , Selmic Laura S. , Tinga Selena , Wanstrath Audrey W. , Howard James , Kieves Nina R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term clinical outcomes of dogs surgically treated for proximal humeral osteochondrosis (OC).Study designCross‐sectional study.Sample populationTwenty dogs (n = 26 shoulders).MethodsDogs treated with surgical debridement of proximal humeral OC lesions >12 months prior were enrolled. Orthopedic examination (including limb circumference and shoulder goniometry), kinetic gait analysis, shoulder radiographs, shoulder computed tomography (CT), and shoulder arthroscopy were performed. All owners completed a dog mobility questionnaire.ResultsBrachial circumference (P = .003) and maximum shoulder extension (P = .013) were decreased and maximum shoulder flexion (P = .008) was increased (ie less flexion) in the OC limb versus the contralateral limb in unilaterally affected dogs. There were no differences in peak vertical force and vertical impulse between affected and unaffected limbs. Dogs demonstrated a 4.4% decrease in load distributed to the operated limb. Osteoarthritis was present in all shoulders treated for OC lesions. The degree of osteoarthritis in OC‐affected shoulders was increased compared to the contralateral limb as evaluated on CT (P = .005) and radiography (P = .0001) in unilaterally affected cases. Moderate‐to‐severe synovitis was seen in all OC‐affected joints. Arthroscopically, all lesions were noted to have patchy, incomplete cartilaginous infilling. Median of aggregate Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) scores was 6.ConclusionAll dogs exhibited ipsilateral muscle atrophy and progressive osteoarthritis, with most dogs exhibiting subtle lameness on the subjective gait examination. Despite this, owner‐perceived mobility was satisfactory.Clinical significanceProgression of joint disease over time should be expected; however, the abnormalities detected on examination appear to be of questionable clinical relevance.
Regulation of metabolic health by dietary histidine in mice
Authors: Flores Victoria , Spicer Alexandra B. , Sonsalla Michelle M. , Richardson Nicole E. , Yu Deyang , Sheridan Grace E. , Trautman Michaela E. , Babygirija Reji , Cheng Eunhae P. , Rojas Jennifer M. , Yang Shany E. , Wakai Matthew H. , Hubbell Ryan , Kasza Ildiko , Tomasiewicz Jay L. , Green Cara L. , Dantoin Claudia , Alexander Caroline M. , Baur Joseph A. , Malecki Kristen C. , Lamming Dudley W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLow‐protein (LP) diets are associated with a decreased risk of diabetes in humans, and promote leanness and glycaemic control in both rodents and humans. While the effects of an LP diet on glycaemic control are mediated by reduced levels of the branched‐chain amino acids, we have observed that reducing dietary levels of the other six essential amino acids leads to changes in body composition. Here, we find that dietary histidine plays a key role in the response to an LP diet in male C57BL/6J mice. Specifically reducing dietary levels of histidine by 67% reduces the weight gain of young, lean male mice, reducing both adipose and lean mass without altering glucose metabolism, and rapidly reverses diet‐induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in diet‐induced obese male mice, increasing insulin sensitivity. This normalization of metabolic health was associated not with caloric restriction or increased activity, but with increased energy expenditure. Surprisingly, the effects of histidine restriction do not require the energy balance hormone Fgf21. Histidine restriction that was started in midlife promoted leanness and glucose tolerance in aged males but not females, but did not affect frailty or lifespan in either sex. Finally, we demonstrate that variation in dietary histidine levels helps to explain body mass index differences in humans. Overall, our findings demonstrate that dietary histidine is a key regulator of weight and body composition in male mice and in humans, and suggest that reducing dietary histidine may be a translatable option for the treatment of obesity.
imageKey points
Protein restriction (PR) promotes metabolic health in rodents and humans and extends rodent lifespan.
Restriction of specific individual essential amino acids can recapitulate the benefits of PR.
Reduced histidine promotes leanness and increased energy expenditure in male mice.
Reduced histidine does not extend the lifespan of mice when begun in midlife.
Dietary levels of histidine are positively associated with body mass index in humans.
Effect of cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) on platelet function testing profiles in patients with coronary artery disease: ECLAIR pilot study
Authors: Seecheran Naveen Anand , Sukha Darin , Grimaldos Kathryn , Grimaldos Gabriella , Richard Srivane , Ishmael Aleena , Gomes Ceylon , Kampradi Lirmala , Seecheran Rajeev , Seecheran Valmiki , Peram Lakshmipathi , Dookeeram Darren , Giddings Stanley , Sandy Sherry , Ramlackhansingh Anil , Raza Sadi , Umaharan Pathmanathan , Tello-Montoliu Antonio , Schneider David 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThis prospective pharmacodynamic nutraceutical study assessed the effect of a 1-week trial of 30 g/day of 65% cocoa (dark chocolate) (Theobroma cacaoL.) consumption intervention on platelet reactivity.MethodsPatients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=20) who were on maintenance dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin (ASA) 81 mg/day and clopidogrel 75 mg/day were recruited. Platelet function was evaluated with the VerifyNow P2Y12reaction unit (PRU) and aspirin reaction unit (ARU) assays (Werfen, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA) and assessed prior to initiation of and after a 1-week trial of 30 g/day of 65% cocoa consumption intervention. Results were compared with a paired t-test.ResultsCocoa augmented the inhibitory effect of clopidogrel, demonstrated by a reduction of 11.9% (95% CI 5.7% to 18.0%, p value 0.001), significantly decreasing the PRU by 26.85 (95% CI 12.22 to 41.48, p value 0.001). The inhibitory effect of ASA was not impacted by cocoa, reflected by a non-significant reduction in ARU of 17.65 (95% CI 21.00 to 56.3, p value 0.351). No patients experienced any serious adverse events.ConclusionsCocoa augmented the inhibitory effect of clopidogrel but not ASA. This nutraceutical study could be potentially informative and applicable for patients with stable CAD. Further long-term studies are required to confirm these exploratory findings.Trial registration numberNCT04554901.
Product of three primes in large arithmetic progressions
Authors: Balasubramanian Ramachandran , Ramaré Olivier , Srivastav Priyamvad 
Published: September 2022

For any [Formula: see text], there exists [Formula: see text] such for any [Formula: see text] and any invertible residue class [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text], there exists a natural number that is congruent to [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text] and that is the product of exactly three primes, all of which are below [Formula: see text]. If we restrict our attention to odd moduli [Formula: see text] that do not have prime factors congruent to 1 mod 4, we can find such primes below [Formula: see text]. If we further restrict our set of moduli to prime [Formula: see text] that are such that [Formula: see text], we can find such primes below [Formula: see text]. Finally, for any [Formula: see text], there exists [Formula: see text] such that when [Formula: see text], there exists a natural number that is congruent to [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text] and that is the product of exactly four primes, all of which are below [Formula: see text].
Population Pharmacokinetics of Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Children after Renal Transplantation and Initial Dosage Recommendation Based on Body Surface Area
Authors: Wang Guangfei , Ye Qiaofeng , Huang Yidie , Xu Hong , Li Zhiping 
Published: September 2022

Objective. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) is widely used in renal transplant recipients. There is a lack of study on the pharmacokinetics of this drug in children. This study is aimed at developing a population pharmacokinetic model of mycophenolic acid in children who were treated with EC-MPS after renal transplantation and to recommend initial dosage. Methods. Pediatric patients who had undergone renal transplantation and received EC-MPS were included. Data on demographic characteristics, biochemical tests, blood routine examinations, mycophenolic acid plasma concentrations, dosing amount and frequency of EC-MPS, and coadministered medications were retrospective collected from June 2018 to August 2019. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling methods were adopted to develop a population pharmacokinetic model with the data above. Additional data from September 2019 to July 2020 were used to validate the model. Simulations under different dosage regimen were conducted to evaluate the percentage of target attainment (PTA, AUC0-12h 30–60 mg·h/L). Results. A total of 96 pediatric patients aged at 13.3 (range 4.3–18.0) years were included in the modeling group. Data from 32 patients aged at 13.0 (range 3.6–18.3) years were used to validate the model. A one-compartment model with a double extravascular absorption was developed. Body surface area (BSA) was added as a covariate. Simulations showed that for different dosing regimens, the highest percentage of target attainment is around 50%. The best dosing regimen is 180 mg every 48 hours for patients with BSA of 0.22–0.46 m2, 180 mg every 24 hours with BSA of 0.47–0.67 m2, 180 mg every 24 hours with BSA of 0.68–0.96 m2, 360 mg every 24 hours with BSA of 0.97–1.18 m2, 540 mg every 24 hours with BSA of 1.19–1.58 m2, and 360 mg every 12 hours with BSA of 1.59–2.03 m2. Conclusion. BSA could affect the area under curve of mycophenolic acid with the administration of EC-MPS. Considering the inflexibility of the dosage form, future development of smaller amount per tablet suitable for younger children with

BSA
<
1.19

m

2

is warranted.
Current Status of Fasciolosis of Goat in Sylhet, Bangladesh: An Integrated Morphomolecular Study
Authors: Shykat Chamali Akter , Islam Saiful , Ahmed Foyez , Islam Kazi Mehetazul , Bhuiyan Jamal Uddin , Nath Tilak Chandra 
Published: September 2022

Epidemiological information and proper identification of Fasciola species present in Bangladesh are important for control. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of liver fluke infection of goats in Sylhet, Bangladesh, and identifying those using integrated morphometric and molecular techniques. A total of 260 slaughtered goats (Capra hircus) were examined, and flukes were collected from infected liver using sterilized forceps. Fasciolosis prevalence in goats was 35.38% (92/260) across all age and sex categories. Female goats were found more infected (37.14%, 65/175) than male goats (31.76%, 27/85), while infection rate was found higher in young animals (37.91%, 69/182) compared to adults (29.48% 23/78). Infection rate was observed higher in rainy season (52.96%, 45/85), followed by winter (27.38%, 26/95) and summer (26.25%, 21/80). Collected flukes were examined by light microscopy after being stained with Semichon’s acetocarmine, and sequences of mtDNA Cox1 genes were obtained. Ten adult flukes were measured,

38.72
±
3.37

mm in length and

11.8
±
1.9

mm in width. Based on morphometric features especially branching of the testis and body length/body width ratios (

3.28
±
0.42

), the flukes were primarily identified as Fasciola gigantica. Amplicon sequences were compared by BLAST and the cox1 sequences showed 97.1-99.3% similarity with the reference sequences (F. gigantica and Fasciola sp.) from GenBank. In this study, we found a considerable prevalence of fascioliasis in goats, and F. gigantica was solely identified with variation. To control these parasites and prevent potential public health risks, appropriate control techniques must be developed.
A 146-dB-Ohm Gain 14-pARMS Noise Patch-Clamp Amplifier for Whole-Cell Ion Current Detection
Authors: Pan Wenbin 
Published: September 2022

The membrane clamp technique is an important tool to reflect the electrophysiological characteristics of cells by recording the ionic currents of cellular channels. Embedded systems work in systems designed for specific user groups and are used to implement specific functions. The membrane clamp amplifier built with embedded technology has the advantages of miniaturization, specialization, low power consumption, high integration, high resource utilization, and a long life cycle, which can avoid the inconvenience to developers and experimenters due to the update of general-purpose computer software and hardware. In this paper, a patch-clamp amplifier (PCA) based on a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is proposed, which includes a glass microelectrode series resistance/capacitance compensation circuit and feedback resistor parasitic capacitance compensation. The prototype is designed using 180 nm CMOS technology and occupies an area of

720

μ
m
×
630

μ
m

. The prototype achieves a transimpedance gain of 145.6 dB-Ohm, a -3 dB bandwidth greater than 15 kHz, and an input reference noise current of 13.98 pARMS. Experimental results show that the proposed PCA is capable of compensating up to 30 pF of electrode capacitance and up to 10 MΩ for 86% of the series resistance, respectively. In addition, when the feedback resistor parasitic capacitance compensation circuit is enabled, the overshoot phenomenon disappears, overcoming the shortcomings of the conventional diaphragm clamp amplifier current clamp and maintaining the original key performance.
Optimal Niacin Requirement of Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense as Determined by Growth, Energy Sensing, and Glycolipid Metabolism
Authors: Wang Jing-Wen , Che Yi-Cheng , Sun Miao , Guo Yi-Qing , Liu Bo , Li Xiang-Fei 
Published: September 2022

Niacin is indispensable for the growth and development of aquatic animals. However, the correlations between dietary niacin supplementations and the intermediary metabolism of crustaceans are still poorly elucidated. This study explored the effects of different dietary niacin levels on the growth, feed utilization, energy sensing, and glycolipid metabolism of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Prawns were fed with different experimental diets containing graded niacin levels (15.75, 37.62, 56.62, 97.78, 176.32, and 339.28 mg/kg, respectively) for 8 weeks. Weight gain, protein efficiency, feed intake, and hepatopancreas niacin contents all maximized in the 176.32 mg/kg group with significance noted with the control group (

P

<
0.05

), whereas the opposite was true for feed conversion ratio. Hepatopancreas niacin concentrations increased significantly (

P
<
0.05

) as dietary niacin levels increased, and peaked at the 339.28 mg/kg group. Hemolymph glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations all maximized in the 37.62 mg/kg group, while total protein concentration reached the highest value in the 176.32 mg/kg group. The hepatopancreas mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase α and sirtuin 1 peaked at the 97.78 and 56.62 mg/kg group, respectively, and then both decreased as dietary niacin levels increased furtherly (

P
<
0.05

). Hepatopancreas transcriptions of the genes related to glucose transportation, glycolysis, glycogenesis, and lipogenesis all increased with increasing niacin levels up to 176.32 mg/kg, but decreased significantly (

P
<
0.05

) as dietary niacin levels increased furtherly. However, the transcriptions of the genes related to gluconeogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation all decreased significantly (

P
<
0.05

) as dietary niacin levels increased. Collectively, the optimum dietary niacin demand of oriental river prawn is 168.01-169.08 mg/kg. In addition, appropriate doses of niacin promoted the energy-sensing capability and glycolipid metabolism of this species.