bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a fast‐and‐frugal clinical decision algorithm (‘pathways’) on clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 treated with anticoagulants
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hozo Iztok , Lizarraga David , Thomas Joseph , Barbee Michael , Shah Nupur , Rubeor Tyler , Dale Jordan , Reiser Jochen , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesCritics have charged that evidence‐based medicine (EBM) overemphasises algorithmic rules over unstructured clinical experience and intuition, but the role of structured decision support systems in improving health outcomes remains uncertain. We aim to assess if delivery of anticoagulant prophylaxis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 according to an algorithm based on evidence‐based clinical practice guideline (CPG) improved clinical outcomes compared with administration of anticoagulant treatment given at individual practitioners' discretion.MethodsAn observational design consisting of the analysis of all acutely ill, consecutive patients (n = 1783) with confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis admitted between 10 March 2020 to 11 January 2022 to an US academic center. American Society of Haematology CPG for anticoagulant prophylaxis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 was converted into a clinical pathway and translated into fast‐and‐frugal decision (FFT) tree (‘algorithm’). We compared delivery of anticoagulant prophylaxis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 according to the FFT algorithm with administration of anticoagulant treatment given at individual practitioners' discretion.ResultsIn an adjusted analysis, using combination of Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and propensity score based weighting [augmented inverse‐probability weighting] statistical techniques controlling for cluster data, the algorithm did not reduce death, venous thromboembolism, or major bleeding, but helped avoid longer hospital stay [number of patients needed to be treated (NNT) = 40 (95% CI: 23–143), indicating that for every 40 patients (23–143) managed on FFT algorithm, one avoided staying in hospital longer than 10 days] and averted admission to intensive‐care unit (ICU) [NNT = 19 (95% CI: 13–40)]. All model's selected covariates were well balanced. The results remained robust to sensitivity analyses used to test the stability of the findings.ConclusionsWhen delivered using a structured FFT algorithm, CPG shortened the hospital stay and help avoided admission to ICU, but it did not affect other relevant outcomes.
Experience, decision‐making and information needs around parenteral nutrition among people with advanced cancer, and their carers: A scoping review
Authors: McCracken Jennifer , Wheelwright Sally , Hon YiWen , Shaw Clare 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to summarise current knowledge and identify gaps in knowledge and research regarding experience, decision‐making and information needs around parenteral nutrition, among people with advanced cancer, and their carers.MethodsThis review was informed by previous methods and guidance on conducting and reporting scoping reviews. A literature search was conducted in March 2021 using Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Google and Web of Science to identify studies that examined the experience, decision‐making process and information needs of adults with advanced cancer, and their carers, who were making decisions around commencing and discontinuing parenteral nutrition. There were no date limitations, although only papers published in English were included.ResultsOf the 588 papers identified, 12 papers, all qualitative, met the eligibility criteria. Despite the reported negative aspects of home parenteral nutrition, patients and carers felt the benefits outweighed these. There was variability in whether patients and carers felt involved in decisions around commencing parenteral nutrition. No studies specifically addressed information needs.ConclusionsResearch is required to explore the information that patients with advanced cancer, and their carers, need to facilitate their decision‐making around commencing and discontinuing parenteral nutrition. We recommend the development of processes for obtaining written informed consent from patients commencing parenteral nutrition to ensure that core topics are discussed on initiation, enabling patients and carers to make informed decisions. Additionally, we recommend development of a national framework to inform patients and carers of the whole discharge process on PN from decision‐making to discontinuing PN.
COVID‐19 infection: Positive mental health, psychological vulnerability and sex: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Almeida Cláudia Patrícia Pires , Novo André Filipe Morais Pinto , Lluch Canut Maria Teresa , Ferré‐Grau Carme , Sequeira Carlos Alberto da Cruz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince mid‐March 2020, a state of emergency was decreed in Portugal due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and, consequently, measures were implemented to protect public health, such as social isolation, which will certainly have a notable impact on the mental health of the population, especially in the most vulnerable groups. Positive Mental Health (PMH) is essential to deal with adversity, in this case with the pandemic, and to live better and with greater satisfaction. We consider it relevant to investigate how PMH was used as a resource to deal with the pandemic, depending on the level of vulnerability and sex. A, cross‐sectional study was carried out whose the aim was to evaluate the levels of PMH and psychological vulnerability in people with COVOD‐19 infection and analyze the association between PMH and psychological vulnerability among men and women.MethodsThe instruments used were a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS), that were sent and filled out online. A quantitative, cross‐sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was carried out.ResultsAfter analyzing the results, it was found that approximately 50.4% of the respondents (n = 387) had global PMH values that place them in quartile 50. There was also a statistically significant difference between female and male PMH, with women showing greater psychological vulnerability and lower overall PMH.ConclusionsWe conclude that the women present a greater psychological vulnerability and a lower level of PMH when compared to men.Relevance to clinical practiceConsidering the study's statistically significant results, when we talk about mental health, we should always consider the sex variable as a vulnerability factor, in a pandemic or non‐pandemic phase.
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition as a novel mechanism for generating myofibroblasts during wound healing and scarring
Authors: Guo Ling , Mi Jun‐wei , Zhang Hua‐cai , Gao Jie , Zhang Shu , Li Luo‐xi , Wu Meng‐yu , Wang Jian‐min , Huang Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important mechanism in tissue regeneration and the development of organ fibrosis. Whether EndMT occurs in wound healing and scarring remains unknown.Materials and MethodsThe isolated cells from the normal dermal tissue and the wound tissue of mouse with full‐thickness skin wound, and human scar tissue sections were performed with CD31/factorVII and α‐SMA immunohistochemical staining and H and E staining. The ratio of factor VII or CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells in factor VII‐positive cells was assessed in the isolated cells and in scar tissues.ResultsIn this study, we found that approximately 27–60% of ECs coexpressed VII factor and α‐SMA in the isolated cells from the wound tissues of mice, which was significantly higher than that of normal dermal tissue cells. Accordingly, the number of CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells in mouse wound tissue sections was also significantly more than that in normal dermal tissue sections. In scar tissues, in addition to high‐density microvessels, a large number of proliferative ECs in scar strama and CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells were also found. Approximately 46.82 to 84.11% of ECs and 68.77 to 95.25% of myofibroblasts coexpressed VII factor and α‐SMA, and these two values in hypertrophic scars were significantly higher than those in keloids.ConclusionThese results confirmed that ECs might contribute to the emergence of myofibroblasts in the wound and scar tissue via the process of EndMT.
Instruments for assessing healthcare professionals' knowledge and skills of evidence‐based practice: A scoping review
Authors: Haavisto Elina , Siltanen Hannele , Tolvanen Anna , Holopainen Arja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review was to describe the instruments used to assess the knowledge and skills of evidence‐based practice (EBP) in healthcare settings.MethodsA scoping review was undertaken. Three electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane) were searched in January 2022. The search phrases consisted of the following terms: healthcare professionals, EBP, competence and instrument and their synonyms, keywords and MeSH terms. The database search was run without any limitations. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed to support reporting.ResultsUltimately, 39 studies were included; most of them (35) were cross‐sectional studies. The studies were conducted in 17 countries. A total of 17 evidence‐based knowledge and skills instruments were identified. The Upton and Upton instrument was used in 19 studies. Twelve self‐reported instruments were used only once. The psychometric properties of the instruments varied. The reliability was typically reported with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The content of the EBP knowledge/skills instruments consists of five main categories: EBP, evaluation of current practice, preparation for the implementation of EBP, implementation of evidence and active participation in the development of EBP.ConclusionAlmost all instruments are self‐assessment instruments. Validated knowledge tests should be further developed. The instruments emphasise the preparation for the implementation of EBP. Further research is needed to develop instruments for healthcare professionals to assess the knowledge and skills of the implementation of evidence.
Drying‐off dairy cows without antibiotic therapy and orally supplemented with lyophilized Aloe arborescens: effects on rumen activity, immunometabolic profile, and milk yield
Authors: Cattaneo Luca , Piccioli‐Cappelli Fiorenzo , Minuti Andrea , Trevisi Erminio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe drying‐off is a stressful stage of the lactation cycle of dairy cows that deeply affects cows' metabolism, inflammatory status, and immune system. The promising effects observed during the transition period resulting from supplementation with Aloe arborescens Mill. suggest its potential utility during this phase. A group of 23 Holstein dairy cows with somatic cell count (SCC) less than 200 × 103 cells/ml and without intramammary infections were enroled in the study. Cows were divided into two groups: one orally receiving 10 g/day of A. arborescens Mill. lyophilized powder (AL; 11 cows) between −7 and 7 days from dry‐off (DFD), and a control group (CTR; 12 cows). From −14 to 7 DFD and 7 and 28 days from calving, the body condition score and rectal temperature were determined, and rumen fluid, feces, milk, and blood samples were collected. Daily rumination times and milk yield were recorded. Data were analyzed through repeated measures mixed models. Compared to the CTR group, AL cows tended to show reduced production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen with acetate proportion that tended to be higher and valerate proportion that was lower. Moreover, Aloe supplementation caused a reduction in fecal dry matter. At the end of drying‐off, AL cows presented better liver function, as suggested by higher paraoxonase plasma concentrations at 7 DFD, higher glucose, and lower urea, but showed increased reactive oxygen metabolites. Aloe supplementation at dry‐off ameliorated inflammatory status after calving (lower haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin levels), and improved milk yield in the first weeks of subsequent lactation, without influencing milk composition, SCC, and incidence of intramammary infections. These results confirmed the positive effects of Aloe administration on liver function in dairy cows but indicate the need for further studies investigating the effects of Aloe on rumen fermentation profile and oxidative status.
A new equipment for continuous measurement of methane production in a batch in vitro rumen system
Authors: Braidot Matteo , Sarnataro Chiara , Romanzin Alberto , Spanghero Mauro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new rumen batch fermentation system that allows continuous measures of total gas (GP) and methane production (MP) was tested. The fermentation system is composed of glass bottles connected to gas counters (Ritter Apparatebau GmbH & Co. KG) and an infrared gas analyser that measures the methane concentration. The system allows direct and continuous measurement of GP and MP for accurate kinetic studies. The aim of the work was to test the rumen fermentation system and compare the GP and MP kinetics obtained. Barley meal (BM), alfalfa hay (AH), corn silage (CS), and soya bean hulls (SH) were used as substrates in four consecutive fermentation runs. Cumulative volumes of GP and MP and the percentage of methane on total GP were recorded continuously until 48 h and average values at 1 h intervals were fitted with an exponential model with a lag phase reaching a good fit (R2 > 0.992). GP and MP reached the highest plateau levels for SH (1836 and 370 ml, respectively; p < 0.01) and the lowest for AH (1000 and 233 ml, respectively). The remaining substrates showed intermediate values. MP kinetics showed a discrete lag phase (from 0.09 to 1.12 h), whereas it was equal to zero for the total GP (except for SH). The methane concentration in gas flowing increased rapidly at the beginning of fermentation (from 0.35 to 0.95 h−1) and reached a plateau after approximately 8–12 h. In conclusion, the rumen fermentation system evaluated generates methane data comparable to those reported in the literature and allows simple continuous measurement of methane release throughout fermentation.
Global dissemination of influenza A virus is driven by wild bird migration through arctic and subarctic zones
Authors: Gass Jonathon D. , Dusek Robert J. , Hall Jeffrey S. , Hallgrimsson Gunnar Thor , Halldórsson Halldór Pálmar , Vignisson Solvi Runar , Ragnarsdottir Sunna Bjork , Jónsson Jón Einar , Krauss Scott , Wong Sook‐San , Wan Xiu‐Feng , Akter Sadia , Sreevatsan Srinand , Trovão Nídia S. , Nutter Felicia B. , Runstadler Jonathan A. , Hill Nichola J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfluenza A viruses (IAV) circulate endemically among many wild aquatic bird populations that seasonally migrate between wintering grounds in southern latitudes to breeding ranges along the perimeter of the circumpolar arctic. Arctic and subarctic zones are hypothesized to serve as ecologic drivers of the intercontinental movement and reassortment of IAVs due to high densities of disparate populations of long distance migratory and native bird species present during breeding seasons. Iceland is a staging ground that connects the East Atlantic and North Atlantic American flyways, providing a unique study system for characterizing viral flow between eastern and western hemispheres. Using Bayesian phylodynamic analyses, we sought to evaluate the viral connectivity of Iceland to proximal regions and how inter‐species transmission and reassortment dynamics in this region influence the geographic spread of low and highly pathogenic IAVs. Findings demonstrate that IAV movement in the arctic and subarctic reflects wild bird migration around the perimeter of the circumpolar north, favouring short‐distance flights between proximal regions rather than long distance flights over the polar interior. Iceland connects virus movement between mainland Europe and North America, consistent with the westward migration of wild birds from mainland Europe to Northeastern Canada and Greenland. Though virus diffusion rates were similar among avian taxonomic groups in Iceland, gulls play an outsized role as sinks of IAVs from other avian hosts prior to onward migration. These data identify patterns of virus movement in northern latitudes and inform future surveillance strategies related to seasonal and emergent IAVs with potential public health concern.
Comparison of Tibial Tubercle Landmark Technique and Range of Motion Technique in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xin Liu , Xingjia Mao , Shengjie Guo , Yanwei Cao , Shuaijie Li , Chuan Xiang 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThere is not a standard for rotational alignment of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). For now, the most commonly methods are tibial‐tubercle ‐landmark technique (TTL) and range‐of‐motion technique (ROM). The study is aimed to compare clinical outcomes and radiographic data of patients who undergone primary TKA with TTL or ROM technique.MethodsThis single‐surgeon retrospective cohort study includes 60 patients with TTL technique and 60 with ROM technique from December 2017 to January 2019. All patients were evaluated clinically using Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS), Feller patellar score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximum knee flexion and extension angle before and after surgery at both 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Radiographic data contain hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), posterior slope angle (PSA) on pre and postoperative X‐ray and rotation angle of femoral component (relative to surgical trans‐epicondylar axis) and tibial component (relative to surgical trans‐epicondylar axis, tibial posterior condylar line and Akagi’) on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. Clinical outcomes and radiological data were compared between the two groups.ResultsOne hundred twenty patients (120 knees) were enrolled in this study, including 38 males and 82 females, aged from 58 to 78, with an average of 65.7 years. There was no significant difference in demographics and preoperative X‐ray data between the two groups (P > 0. 05). Clinical scores of the TTL group were better than those in the ROM group at 6 and 12 months after surgery, when comparing HSS (83.57 ± 5.00 vs 75.90 ± 4.89, F = 59.004, P < 0.001; 90.53 ± 4.31 vs 82.83 ± 4.98, F = 54.509, P < 0.001), Feller patellar score (21.43 ± 2.54 vs 19.10 ± 2.52, F = 14.864, P = 0.001; 26.27 ± 1.98 vs 23.20 ± 2.31, F = 42.204, P < 0.001) and VAS (3.70 ± 0.62 vs 4.38 ± 0.92, F = 14.508, P = 0.001; 2.10 ± 0.90 vs 2.79 ± 0.80, F = 11.554, P = 0.002). But there was no significant difference in the flexion and extension angle between the two groups. In imaging evaluation, no statistical difference was found in pre‐ and postoperative HKA, mLDFA, mMPTA and PSA. Rotational angles of tibial component only did relative to Akagi’ have statistical difference in two groups (2.33 ± 4.3 vs 4.41 ± 3.2, t = 2.143, P < 0.05) (Positive value represented external rotation).ConclusionThe results of our study showed that both methods were reliable, and TTL technique provided better clinical scores and larger external angle of tibial component, compared to ROM technique.
Long‐term drought effects on the thermal sensitivity of Amazon forest trees
Authors: Docherty Emma M. , Gloor Emanuel , Sponchiado Daniela , Gilpin Martin , Pinto Carlos A. D. , Junior Haroldo M. , Coughlin Ingrid , Ferreira Leandro , Junior João A. S. , da Costa Antonio C. L. , Meir Patrick , Galbraith David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe continued functioning of tropical forests under climate change depends on their resilience to drought and heat. However, there is little understanding of how tropical forests will respond to combinations of these stresses, and no field studies to date have explicitly evaluated whether sustained drought alters sensitivity to temperature. We measured the temperature response of net photosynthesis, foliar respiration and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of eight hyper‐dominant Amazonian tree species at the world's longest‐running tropical forest drought experiment, to investigate the effect of drought on forest thermal sensitivity. Despite a 0.6°C–2°C increase in canopy air temperatures following long‐term drought, no change in overall thermal sensitivity of net photosynthesis or respiration was observed. However, photosystem II tolerance to extreme‐heat damage (T50) was reduced from 50.0 ± 0.3°C to 48.5 ± 0.3°C under drought. Our results suggest that long‐term reductions in precipitation, as projected across much of Amazonia by climate models, are unlikely to greatly alter the response of tropical forests to rising mean temperatures but may increase the risk of leaf thermal damage during heatwaves.
Languages and language use
Authors: Keiser Jessica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNumerous difficulties arising in connection with developing an ontology for linguistic entities can be thought of as manifestations of a more general problem, aptly characterized by David Lewis (1975) as a tension between two conflicting conceptions of language. On the one hand, our best theories model languages as abstract semantic systems—roughly, functions assigning meanings to expressions. On the other hand, we think of languages as contingent and changing social constructs—both grounded in, and grounding, various social relations and institutions of human beings. There are various ways in which these conceptions appear to be in conflict. For instance, if languages are set‐theoretical entities—as our best logical and linguistic theories would have it—how do we account for the fact that they change? Or that they could have been different in various respects? And how do we provide principled and noncircular conditions for set‐membership, when there appears to be nothing in common to all tokens of the same expression other than belonging to the same type? This paper aims to develop an ontology of linguistic entities—specifically, of languages and linguistic communities—that can resolve these apparent tensions.
Utility of self‐ and parent‐reported suicidal ideation in early childhood: Prediction of suicidal ideation and psychopathology in adolescence
Authors: Silver Jamilah , Olino Thomas M. , Carlson Gabrielle A. , Dougherty Lea R. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rates of suicide in youth have increased dramatically, leading to increased interest in routinely screening youth for suicidality. However, data on suicidal ideation (SI) in younger children are sparse, especially with brief self‐report measures that can easily be used for screening non‐referred samples.MethodsWe evaluated a community sample of 497 6‐year‐old children and their parents and followed them into adolescence. SI was assessed via child self‐report at ages 6 and 9 using an item from the Children's Depression Inventory, and via parent‐report at age 6 using an item from the Early Childhood Inventory. Child psychopathology and functioning were assessed via semi‐structured interviews every 3 years from age 6 through 15.ResultsChild endorsement of SI at age 6 did not predict later psychopathology or functioning. Child endorsement of SI at age 9 was associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) diagnoses across the adolescent follow‐up assessments. Parent endorsement of child SI predicted an increased likelihood of later SI and non‐suicidal self‐injury, a higher rate of DBD and externalizing symptoms, and poorer global functioning in adolescence.ConclusionsOur results support recommendations against administering SI screening measures to children under the age of 10.