bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Moral Nose
Authors: Turoldo Fabrizio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere are many authors who consider the so-called “moral nose” a valid epistemological tool in the field of morality. The expression was used by George Orwell, following in Friedrich Nietzsche’s footsteps and was very clearly described by Leo Tolstoy. It has also been employed by authors such as Elisabeth Anscombe, Bernard Williams, Noam Chomsky, Stuart Hampshire, Mary Warnock, and Leon Kass. This article examines John Harris’ detailed criticism of what he ironically calls the “olfactory school of moral philosophy.” Harris’ criticism is contrasted with Jonathan Glover’s defense of the moral nose. Glover draws some useful distinctions between the various meanings that the notion of moral nose can assume. Finally, the notion of moral nose is compared with classic notions such as Aristotelian phronesis, Heideggerian aletheia, and the concept of “sentiment” proposed by the philosopher Thomas Reid. The conclusion reached is that morality cannot be based only on reason, or—as David Hume would have it—only on feelings.
Pressure Points Technique for Traumatic Proximal Axillary Artery Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Avital Guy , Greenberger Chaim , Kedar Asaf , Pikman-Gavriely Regina , Bez Maxim , Almog Ofer , Benov Avi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction:While the pressure points technique for proximal hemorrhage control is long known, it is not recommended in standard prehospital guidelines based on a study showing the inability to maintain occlusion for over two minutes.Main Symptom:This report details a gunshot wound to the left axillary area with complete transection of the axillary artery, leading to profuse junctional hemorrhage and profound hemorrhagic shock.Therapeutic Intervention:Proximal pressure of the subclavian artery was applied against the first rib (the pressure points technique) and maintained for 28 minutes.Outcomes:Cessation of apparent bleeding and excellent, enduring physiologic response to blood transfusion were observed.Conclusion:The pressure points technique can be life-saving in junctional arterial hemorrhage and should be reconsidered in prehospital guidelines.
Validation of the Short Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale	(CIPS-10)
Authors: Wang Bo , Andrews Wendy , Bechtoldt Myriam N. , Rohrmann Sonja , de Vries Reinout E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract: We readdressed the multidimensionality of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) by reanalyzing Rohrmann et al.’s (2016) dataset, which led to the development of an improved 10-item CIPS (CIPS-10). The validity of the CIPS-10 was further examined by correlating it with HEXACO personality traits and work-related outcomes in a newly collected working adult sample ( N = 294). Factor analyses, reliability coefficients, and validity coefficients indicated that reporting and interpreting the total scores of both the CIPS and CIPS-10 was sufficient. We found the CIPS-10 to be positively related to Emotionality, job stress, turnover intention, and negatively related to Conscientiousness, Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and job satisfaction. The findings offer support for the validity of the CIPS-10.
Social interaction following prepubertal stress alters prefrontal gene expression associated with cell signalling and oligodendrocytes
Authors: Moon Anna L. , Clifton Nicholas E. , Wellard Natalie , Thomas Kerrie L. , Hall Jeremy , Brydges Nichola M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEarly-life adversity is associated with an increased risk of psychopathology, including mood disorders, later in life. Early-life stress affects several physiological systems, however, the exact mechanisms underlying pathological risk are not fully understood. This knowledge is crucial in developing appropriate therapeutic interventions. The prepubertal period is documented as a key developmental period for the maturation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region involved in higher cognitive functions, including social function. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on the PFC of adult rats who had experienced prepubertal stress (PPS) and controls to investigate the genome-wide consequences of this stress. PPS alters social behaviour in adulthood, therefore we also performed RNA sequencing on PPS and control rats following a social interaction test to determine social activity-dependent gene changes. At a baseline state (1 week following a social interaction test), no genes were differentially expressed in the PPS group. However, 1603 genes were differentially expressed in PPS rats compared to controls following a social interaction. These genes were enriched in biological pathways associated with cell signalling and axon myelination dynamics. Cell enrichment analysis showed these genes were associated with oligodendrocytes, and a comparison with an existing early-life stress sequencing dataset showed that pathways linked to oligodendrocyte morphology are impacted in a range of models of early-life stress in rodents. In conclusion, we identify pathways, including those involved in axon myelination, that are differentially activated in the adult in response to social stimulation following PPS. These differential responses may contribute to vulnerability to psychiatric pathology.
Minimally invasive endodontics: a new era for pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth
Authors: Philip Nebu , Suneja Bharat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEmerging clinical and histologic evidence is challenging the long-established dogma that root canal treatment (RCTx) is the only therapeutic option for preservation of vital mature permanent teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis or carious pulp exposure. Vital pulp therapy procedures like pulpotomy are not only technically simpler and more economical, but also afford patients a host of other benefits over conventional RCTx. This narrative review provides an update on the contemporary understanding of pulp pathophysiology and defence mechanisms, the proposed new diagnostic terminologies for pulpal inflammation, and how the biological characteristics of hydrophilic calcium silicate cements have enabled consistent successful outcomes for pulpotomy-treated mature teeth. The paper also details the evidence base from clinical trials and systematic reviews conducted over the past decade and outlines the practical treatment considerations for pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth.
Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine MVC-COV1901 in Taiwanese adolescents: a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Liu Luke Tzu-Chi , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Chiu Nan-Chang , Tan Boon-Fatt , Lin Chien-Yu , Cheng Hao-Yuan , Lin Meei-Yun , Lien Chia-En , Chen Charles , Huang Li-Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdolescents and children play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and epidemiology. MVC-COV1901 is a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on stabilized spike protein adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide that has received emergency use approval (EUA) for adults in Taiwan. In this study, we have investigated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of MVC-COV1901 in adolescents. Healthy adolescents from the age of 12–17 years were randomly assigned to receive two intramuscular doses of either MVC-COV1901 or placebo at 28 days apart. Adverse events were mostly mild and were similar in MVC-COV1901 and placebo groups, with the most commonly reported adverse events being pain/tenderness and malaise/fatigue. All immunogenicity endpoints in the adolescent group were non-inferior to the endpoints seen in the young adult and placebo groups. The results here advocate the use of MVC-COV1901 in adolescents in the ongoing efforts to control the pandemic.ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04951388.
Reproductive performance and sex ratio adjustment of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seong-Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe wild boar (Sus scrofa), a polygynous species, rapidly expanded its geographical range and increased its population size in South Korea following the extinction of large carnivores and changes to rural environments. Understanding wild boar reproductive traits and strategies is essential for their effective management; however, studies in this area are lacking. Using samples collected from hunting bags, the relationships between 1) litter size and female weight and 2) fetal sex ratio and female body condition were examined to understand wild boar life-history strategies. Wild boars showed a seasonal breeding pattern that maximized reproduction. Litter size (mean = 5.7 ± 1.7) was correlated with female weight, whereas fetal sex ratio was not explained by female body condition. However, the heaviest ranked fetuses within the litters were male-biased. Wild boars aged three years or less accounted for 90% of the total population, and sexual dimorphism developed from two years of age. Considering that their reproductive strategy is more effective (i.e., early gestation and large litter size) than that of other polygynous species, the Trivers–Willard model was not supported for the wild boars in this study. Instead, females adjusted the sex of the heaviest fetus in the litter to maximize lifetime reproductive success.
Evaluation of two molecular detection platforms for gastroenteritis pathogens in treated sewage water in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Wohaib Fawaz A. , Al-Sharif Ibtihaj , Al-Zain Hassan , Murad Donna , Al-Harbi Layla , Al-Mozaini Maha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ability to screen environmental water samples for gastroenteritis pathogens, particularly viruses remains challenging. Here, we investigated the presence of enteric viruses in treated sewage effluent water samples collected from a cooling tower in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SA) from 2018 to 2019. Our ultimate aim was to determine the optimal handling and processing conditions for the water samples and the most sensitive detection method for the assessment of viral contamination. Sewage was collected before and after treatment at three defined zones. Samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation and analyzed using a multiplexed bead-based assay system (Luminex technology) or multiplex PCR (QIAstat-Dx). The efficiency of these modalities to accurately detect virus contamination were subsequently compared. In total, 64 samples (16 controls and four treated samples per-control) were analyzed for 26 enteric pathogens. Of the samples, 98.7% were negative for viruses following treatment. Detection rates were higher for the multiplex PCR (QIAstat-Dx) system compared to the hybridization method, highlighting its higher sensitivity. The current water sewage treatment protocols in KSA could efficiently eradicate viral pathogens, minimizing their potential for waterborne transmission. We provide the first systematic analysis of two molecular detection methods for the assessment of gastroenteritis-associated pathogens from environmental samples in KSA. We conclude that the multiplex PCR (QIAstat-Dx) system outperforms the Luminex technology for the detection of virus pathogens in treated water samples.
Toward a general and interpretable umami taste predictor using a multi-objective machine learning approach
Authors: Pallante Lorenzo , Korfiati Aigli , Androutsos Lampros , Stojceski Filip , Bompotas Agorakis , Giannikos Ioannis , Raftopoulos Christos , Malavolta Marta , Grasso Gianvito , Mavroudi Seferina , Kalogeras Athanasios , Martos Vanessa , Amoroso Daria , Piga Dario , Theofilatos Konstantinos , Deriu Marco A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe umami taste is one of the five basic taste modalities normally linked to the protein content in food. The implementation of fast and cost-effective tools for the prediction of the umami taste of a molecule remains extremely interesting to understand the molecular basis of this taste and to effectively rationalise the production and consumption of specific foods and ingredients. However, the only examples of umami predictors available in the literature rely on the amino acid sequence of the analysed peptides, limiting the applicability of the models. In the present study, we developed a novel ML-based algorithm, named VirtuousUmami, able to predict the umami taste of a query compound starting from its SMILES representation, thus opening up the possibility of potentially using such a model on any database through a standard and more general molecular description. Herein, we have tested our model on five databases related to foods or natural compounds. The proposed tool will pave the way toward the rationalisation of the molecular features underlying the umami taste and toward the design of specific peptide-inspired compounds with specific taste properties.
Radial diffusivity reflects general decline rather than specific cognitive deterioration in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Baijot Johan , Van Laethem Delphine , Denissen Stijn , Costers Lars , Cambron Melissa , D’Haeseleer Miguel , D’hooghe Marie B. , Vanbinst Anne-Marie , De Mey Johan , Nagels Guy , Van Schependom Jeroen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdvanced structural brain imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have been used to study the relationship between DTI-parameters and cognitive scores in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we assessed cognitive function in 61 individuals with MS and a control group of 35 healthy individuals with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test-II, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Stroop-test. We also acquired diffusion-weighted images (b = 1000; 32 directions), which were processed to obtain the following DTI scalars: fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity. The relation between DTI scalars and cognitive parameters was assessed through permutations. Although fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity did not correlate with any of the cognitive tests, mean and radial diffusivity were negatively correlated with all of these tests. However, this effect was not specific to any specific white matter tract or cognitive test and demonstrated a general effect with only low to moderate individual voxel-based correlations of <0.6. Similarly, lesion and white matter volume show a general effect with medium to high voxel-based correlations of 0.5-0.8. In conclusion, radial diffusivity is strongly related to cognitive impairment in MS. However, the strong associations of radial diffusivity with both cognition and whole brain lesion volume suggest that it is a surrogate marker for general decline in MS, rather than a marker for specific cognitive functions.
Simultaneous analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells density, tumor budding status, and presence of lymphoid follicles in CRC tissue
Authors: Markowski Adam R. , Markowska Anna J. , Ustymowicz Wiktoria , Pryczynicz Anna , Guzińska-Ustymowicz Katarzyna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) affects more than 1,000,000 people worldwide each year. Recently, the number of young patients with early-onset colorectal cancer has increased, and right-sided colorectal cancer is still often diagnosed only in advanced stages. The TNM classification is not perfect for CRC staging. This study aimed to perform, for the first time, simultaneous analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell density, presence of lymphoid follicles, and budding status in CRC tissue. Intraoperative samples of neoplastic tissue were collected from 195 consecutive patients who were admitted to the surgical ward for elective colorectal surgery. Histological parameters were assessed in the tissue samples: tumor budding foci, poorly differentiated clusters and areas of poorly differentiated components. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (tumor-associated neutrophils and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) were detected in five randomly chosen, areas at the tumor center and at the invasive front. Additionally, the presence of lymphoid follicles in CRC tissue was assessed. Tumor budding parameters were positively correlated with colorectal cancer advancement or histologic (mucinous) type of CRC. The number of poorly differentiated clusters was higher in younger patients. Lower densities of CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes were seen in CRC with a greater depth of tumor invasion. Lower densities of CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes were found in CRC with metastases to the surrounding lymph nodes. The lower density of CD8 lymphocytes was observed in CRC with distant metastases. Lower densities of tumor-associated neutrophils and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD3 and CD8) were revealed in CRC without lymphoid follicles. The number of lymphoid follicles was higher in patients with less advanced CRCs. Three histopathology markers, such as high tumor budding, scanty lymphocyte infiltration, and the poverty of lymphoid follicles, complement each other, appear to be reliable indicators of colorectal cancer progression, and could be useful in everyday medical practice, but their widespread use requires further research. We propose to take into account these markers, in the assessment of colorectal cancer advancement, in addition to the TNM classification.
Cephalometric assessment regarding craniocervical posture in orthodontic patients
Authors: Alexa Vlad Tiberiu , Fratila Aurora Doris , Szuhanek Camelia , Jumanca Daniela , Lalescu Dacian , Galuscan Atena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA major factor that contributes to dental malocclusions is represented by the positioning of the mandible. Considering the existing interconnections between the craniocervical and craniomandibular systems it is interesting to assess how changes in one system can influence the other, thus establishing a pattern in terms of certain cephalometric landmarks that orthodontists could consider when diagnosing and evaluating an orthodontic case. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the connections between cervical posture, head position, hyoid bone position in orthodontic patients with different skeletal patterns. 45 lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. Skeletal class and vertical growth were the main elements that were considered when classifying patients. Craniofacial and Cervical landmarks were determined on the cephalograms, from which lines and angles resulted which were considered relevant in our study. Correlations between cephalometric variables of the patients were determined. there were some statistically significant changes identified concerning craniocervical posture and hyoid bone position between the patients in the following parameters: H-Rgn, OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR, OPT/SN, CVT/SN, H-SN. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that there were some differences at the skeletal level of the sample of patients studied. The findings are indicating that there is a close relationship between, mandible position, cervical- and head posture and the hyoid bone. The information obtained in this study could help to better understand the development of malocclusions, and to improve the orthodontic diagnostic and treatment plan.
Development and validation of a metabolite index for obstructive sleep apnea across race/ethnicities
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ngo Debby , Yu Bing , Shah Neomi A. , Chen Han , Ramos Alberto R. , Zee Phyllis C. , Tracy Russell , Durda Peter , Kaplan Robert , Daviglus Martha L. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Cai Jianwen , Clish Clary , Gerszten Robert , Kristal Bruce S. , Gharib Sina A. , Redline Susan , Sofer Tamar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep resulting in oxygen desaturation and sleep fragmentation, and associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Metabolites are being increasingly used for biomarker discovery and evaluation of disease processes and progression. Studying metabolomic associations with OSA in a diverse community-based cohort may provide insights into the pathophysiology of OSA. We aimed to develop and replicate a metabolite index for OSA and identify individual metabolites associated with OSA. We studied 219 metabolites and their associations with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and with moderate-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) (n = 3507) using two methods: (1) association analysis of individual metabolites, and (2) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify a subset of metabolites jointly associated with OSA, which was used to develop a metabolite index for OSA. Results were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (n = 475). When assessing the associations with individual metabolites, we identified seven metabolites significantly positively associated with OSA in HCHS/SOL (FDRp < 0.05), of which four associations—glutamate, oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2), linoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:2) and phenylalanine, were replicated in MESA (one sided-p < 0.05). The OSA metabolite index, composed of 14 metabolites, was associated with a 50% increased risk for moderate-severe OSA (OR = 1.50 [95% CI 1.21–1.85] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index,p < 0.001) in HCHS/SOL and 55% increased risk (OR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.10–2.20] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index,p = 0.013) in MESA, both adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Similar albeit less significant associations were observed for AHI. Replication of the metabolite index in an independent multi-ethnic dataset demonstrates the robustness of metabolomic-based OSA index to population heterogeneity. Replicated metabolite associations may provide insights into OSA-related molecular and metabolic mechanisms.
Optimization of wavefront reconstruction accuracy for conjugate shift differential absolute testing
Authors: Zhu Xueliang , Wang Dasen , Zhang Mengyao , Liu Bingcai , Tian Ailing , Jin Guiying , Zheng Xianfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe conjugate shift differential method, based on Fourier transforms, is critical for surface error testing of high-precision optical elements. However, this common approach is also prone to periodic spectrum loss. As such, this paper proposes conjugate double shift differential (CDSD) absolute testing, which can effectively compensate for spectrum loss and achieve accurate wavefront reconstructions. Spectrum loss in the single shift differential method is analyzed through a study of the Fourier reconstruction process. A calculation model for the proposed CDSD method is then established and constraint conditions for shift quantities are provided by analyzing double shear effects observed in transverse shear interference. Finally, the reconstruction accuracies of various spectrum compensation methods are compared. Results showed that spectrum loss became more evident with increasing shift amounts. However, the CDSD method produced the smallest measurement error compared with conventional direct zero filling and adjacent point averaging, suggesting our approach could effectively improve absolute shape measurement accuracy for planar optical elements.