bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hay meadows' overriding effect shapes ground beetle functional diversity in mountainous landscapes
Authors: Gobbi Mauro , Corlatti Luca , Caccianiga Marco , ter Braak Cajo J. F. , Pedrotti Luca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMountain regions are hotspots of biodiversity, and are particularly sensitive to human activities and global changes. Characterizing biodiversity using trait‐based approaches may improve the understanding of the evolutionary and mechanistic basis of ecological patterns in species distribution. The investigation of trait–environment relationships, however, is challenging, especially when a hierarchical sampling design is used, as this may lead to misidentification of associations. Here, we investigate how functional traits in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a taxon often used as a bioindicator of climate and environmental changes, vary with environmental features in a mountainous landscape. The study was conducted in the Stelvio National Park (Central Italian Alps), collecting individuals with pitfall traps deployed within plots (small spatial scale), located along altitudinal transects (large spatial scale). To investigate the trait–environment association, we used double constrained correspondence analysis, which permits the selection of important traits and environmental variables while accounting for the hierarchical structure of the sampling design. The trait–environment association was largely one‐dimensional, with hay meadow acting as main environmental driver, negatively related to brachypterous wing‐form (indicator of poor dispersal ability) and, to a lesser extent, to specialized diet and (only for the large scale) body length. Secondarily, these traits were related negatively to soil pH and, for the larger spatial scale, positively to canopy cover and elevation. Double constrained correspondence analysis with specialized permutation schemes for statistical testing was effective and robust to analyze the data of the hierarchical sampling.
Integrating water quality monitoring and diatom community trends to determine landscape‐level change in protected lakes
Authors: Ramstack Hobbs Joy M. , Heathcote Adam J. , VanderMeulen David D. , Edlund Mark B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLakes in protected or remote regions are not immune to anthropogenic impacts and face a variety of stressors ranging from atmospheric deposition of pollutants to global climate change. Monitoring programs in these lakes can be limited in scope due to sampling logistics, leaving an incomplete picture of how the systems may be impacted by environmental stressors. Here, we used diatoms as early indicators of change in relatively undisturbed lakes from five national park units in the US Great Lakes region. Surface sediment samples were collected repeatedly over more than a decade to analyze the diatom community turnover. This diatom community assemblage data were compared with the measured water quality data collected over the same period in order to identify the predominant drivers of ecological change. Even though the parks in this study span two biomes, and lake characteristics vary between and within parks, we found synchronicity in measured water quality trends and diatom responses. Changes in the thermal regime and water‐column mixing appeared to drive much of the change across parks, although much of the diatom turnover also followed a sulfate or pH gradient. Nutrients did not appear to play a major role in diatom community change. This method of using diatoms in conjunction with water quality monitoring allows for an integrated response over a number of years and provides managers with a complementary tool to determine which environmental parameters are having the biggest effect on lake ecology.
Light and photoacclimatization drive distinct differences between shallow and mesophotic coral communities
Authors: Carpenter Gaby E. , Chequer Alex D. , Weber Sabrina , Mass Tali , Goodbody‐Gringley Gretchen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ecological distribution of coral species from shallow to mesophotic reefs is dependent on light, which varies drastically among local environments. Current definitions of mesophotic coral ecosystems primarily rely on a 30‐m recreational SCUBA boundary to define the upper limits of the community; however, this boundary does not consider local conditions and physiological adaptions of coral species. Using in situ benthic imagery and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, we examined species distribution and community similarity, as well as photoacclimatization of two common depth‐generalist species (Montastraea cavernosa and Porites astreoides) across shallow to mesophotic reef zones at Little Cayman Island. Photoquadrat image analysis revealed a significant shift in coral species assemblages between 25 and 35 m, which was accompanied by a 30% drop in available surface light, suggesting light is a key driver of coral community composition. Patterns of photoacclimatization across depths differed significantly between the two coral species, with available surface light and the quantum yield of photochemistry in photosystem II found to be significant determinants of each species' abundance. These results provide valuable baseline data on coral community composition across a broad depth gradient in Little Cayman that can contribute to a growing body of evidence to set an upper boundary of mesophotic reefs based on light availability and photoacclimatization potential of depth‐generalist species.
The effects of prolonged drought on vegetation dieback and megafires in southern California chaparral
Authors: Keeley Jon E. , Brennan Teresa J. , Syphard Alexandra D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrought contributed to extensive dieback of southern California chaparral, and normalized difference vegetation index before drought and near the end of the drought was used to estimate this dieback, after accounting for other disturbances recorded in aerial photographs. Within the perimeters of two megafires that occurred after the drought, the 2017 Thomas Fire and the 2018 Woolsey Fire, there had been extensive areas of dieback. Comparing dieback with Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity measures of fire severity, there was a highly significant negative relationship between drought‐caused shrub dieback and fire‐caused dieback as measured by fire severity. We interpret this as further support for our remote sensing methodology for prefire dieback. Models of fire behavior suggest that one means by which dieback contributes to fire size is through increasing the density and distance of spot fires, particularly under extreme wind conditions. Lower elevation chaparral associations appear to be most vulnerable and are closer to urban environments, which should be a concern to fire managers in regions subjected to extended droughts.
Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential‐related mutations and outcome in dilated and ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wu Jasmine M.F. , Bekfani Tarek , Hinze Anna , Westphal Julian Georg , Steinacker Berit , Zeller Max , Hartmann Charlotte , Möbius‐Winkler Sven , Hochhaus Andreas , Schulze P. Christian , Ernst Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsClonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)‐associated mutation is a risk factor for the development of ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), but its association with non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CHIP in patients with DCM and define its risk for disease progression.Methods and resultsNext‐generation sequencing targeting 54 common CHIP‐associated genes was performed in 48 ICM and 52 DCM patients. The patients were monitored for a median of 3.1 years, and a COX proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between CHIP and adverse clinical outcome with regard to all‐cause death or all‐cause hospitalization. Overall, the prevalence of CHIP mutations was 19% and 13% in DCM and ICM, respectively. Seventeen per cent of ICM patients over 75 years were CHIP carriers. In DCM cohort, mutation event had already been observed in the patients who were under the age of 45 (13%). Among 54 genes analysed, DNMT3A had the highest mutation frequency, followed by TET2 and CUX1. Kaplan–Meier curve over a median of 3.1 year tracking period showed a trend towards poor clinical outcome in the DCM patients who carried DNMT3A or TET2 mutation; however, such association was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CHIP is detected at a young age in DCM, and accumulation of mutational frequency in DCM patients is independent of age. However, a larger patient cohort is required to validate the association between CHIP and clinical progression in the DCM patients.
Human repair‐related Schwann cells adopt functions of antigen‐presenting cells in vitro
Authors: Berner Jakob , Weiss Tamara , Sorger Helena , Rifatbegovic Fikret , Kauer Max , Windhager Reinhard , Dohnal Alexander , Ambros Peter F. , Ambros Inge M. , Boztug Kaan , Steinberger Peter , Taschner‐Mandl Sabine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe plastic potential of Schwann cells (SCs) is increasingly recognized to play a role after nerve injury and in diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Reports on the interaction between immune cells and SCs indicate their involvement in inflammatory processes. However, the immunocompetence of human SCs has been primarily deduced from neuropathies, but whether after nerve injury SCs directly regulate an adaptive immune response is unknown. Here, we performed comprehensive analysis of immunomodulatory capacities of human repair‐related SCs (hrSCs), which recapitulate SC response to nerve injury in vitro. We used our well‐established culture model of primary hrSCs from human peripheral nerves and analyzed the transcriptome, secretome, and cell surface proteins for pathways and markers relevant in innate and adaptive immunity, performed phagocytosis assays, and monitored T‐cell subset activation in allogeneic co‐cultures. Our findings show that hrSCs are phagocytic, which is in line with high MHCII expression. Furthermore, hrSCs express co‐regulatory proteins, such as CD40, CD80, B7H3, CD58, CD86, and HVEM, release a plethora of chemoattractants, matrix remodeling proteins and pro‐ as well as anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and upregulate the T‐cell inhibiting PD‐L1 molecule upon pro‐inflammatory stimulation with IFNγ. In contrast to monocytes, hrSC alone are not sufficient to trigger allogenic CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells, but limit number and activation status of exogenously activated T‐cells. This study demonstrates that hrSCs possess features and functions typical for professional antigen‐presenting cells in vitro, and suggest a new role of these cells as negative regulators of T‐cell immunity during nerve regeneration.
Cortical depth profiles of auditory and visual 7 T functional MRI responses in human superior temporal areas
Authors: Lankinen Kaisu , Ahlfors Seppo P. , Mamashli Fahimeh , Blazejewska Anna I. , Raij Tommi , Turpin Tori , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Ahveninen Jyrki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvasive neurophysiological studies in nonhuman primates have shown different laminar activation profiles to auditory vs. visual stimuli in auditory cortices and adjacent polymodal areas. Means to examine the underlying feedforward vs. feedback type influences noninvasively have been limited in humans. Here, using 1‐mm isotropic resolution 3D echo‐planar imaging at 7 T, we studied the intracortical depth profiles of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals to brief auditory (noise bursts) and visual (checkerboard) stimuli. BOLD percent‐signal‐changes were estimated at 11 equally spaced intracortical depths, within regions‐of‐interest encompassing auditory (Heschl's gyrus, Heschl's sulcus, planum temporale, and posterior superior temporal gyrus) and polymodal (middle and posterior superior temporal sulcus) areas. Effects of differing BOLD signal strengths for auditory and visual stimuli were controlled via normalization and statistical modeling. The BOLD depth profile shapes, modeled with quadratic regression, were significantly different for auditory vs. visual stimuli in auditory cortices, but not in polymodal areas. The different depth profiles could reflect sensory‐specific feedforward versus cross‐sensory feedback influences, previously shown in laminar recordings in nonhuman primates. The results suggest that intracortical BOLD profiles can help distinguish between feedforward and feedback type influences in the human brain. Further experimental studies are still needed to clarify how underlying signal strength influences BOLD depth profiles under different stimulus conditions.
Office‐based mental healthcare and juvenile arrests
Authors: Deza Monica , Lu Thanh , Maclean Johanna Catherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe estimate the effect of local access to office‐based mental healthcare on juvenile arrest outcomes. We leverage variation in the number of offices of physicians and non‐physicians specializing in mental healthcare in a county over the period 1999–2016 in a two‐way fixed‐effects regression. Office‐based treatment is the most common modality of mental healthcare received by juveniles. We find that 10 additional offices of physicians and non‐physicians specializing in mental healthcare in a county leads a decrease of 2.3%–2.6% in the per capita costs to society of juvenile arrest. Findings are similar for arrest rates although often less precise, which suggests that accounting for social costs is empirically important. Crime imposes substantial costs on society and individuals, and interventions during early life can have more pronounced effects than those received at later stages, therefore our results imply increased juvenile access to mental healthcare may have an unintended benefit for the current and future generations.
Thy‐Wise: An interpretable machine learning model for the evaluation of thyroid nodules
Authors: Jin Zhe , Pei Shufang , Ouyang Lizhu , Zhang Lu , Mo Xiaokai , Chen Qiuying , You Jingjing , Chen Luyan , Zhang Bin , Zhang Shuixing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrent risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules suffer from low specificity and high biopsy rates. Recently, machine learning (ML) is introduced to assist thyroid nodule diagnosis but lacks interpretability. Here, we developed and validated ML models on 3965 thyroid nodules, as compared to the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI‐RADS). Subsequently, a SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) algorithm was leveraged to interpret the results of the best‐performing ML model. Clinical characteristics including thyroid‐function tests were collected from medical records. Five ACR TI‐RADS ultrasonography (US) categories plus nodule size were assessed by experienced radiologists. Random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were used to build US‐only and US‐clinical ML models. The ML models and ACR TI‐RADS were compared in terms of diagnostic performance and unnecessary biopsy rate. Among the ML models, the US‐only RF model (hereafter, Thy‐Wise) achieved the optimal performance. Compared to ACR TI‐RADS, Thy‐Wise showed higher accuracy (82.4% vs 74.8% for the internal validation; 82.1% vs 73.4% for external validation) and specificity (78.7% vs 68.3% for internal validation; 78.5% vs 66.9% for external validation) while maintaining sensitivity (91.7% vs 91.2% for internal validation; 91.9% vs 91.1% for external validation), as well as reduced unnecessary biopsies (15.3% vs 32.3% for internal validation; 15.7% vs 47.3% for external validation). The SHAP‐based interpretation of Thy‐Wise enables clinicians to better understand the reasoning behind the diagnosis, which may facilitate the clinical translation of this model.
Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy: Trends, incidence, and risk patterns in a large cohort population
Authors: Ram Shai , Ram Hila S. , Neuhof Bitya , Shperling Roza B. , Chodick Gabriel , Yogev Yariv 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and risk factors for pregnancy‐associated venous thromboembolism (VTE).MethodsAn observational retrospective study was conducted using data from 452 176 live births between the years 2010 and 2019. The study group consisted of women who were diagnosed with VTE during pregnancy or the postpartum period. The exclusion criteria included women who purchased anticoagulant drugs during pregnancy or postpartum. The hazard ratios (HRs) of VTE per week of each trimester and the postpartum period were calculated.ResultsA total of 421 125 live births were included in the study. Among the study population, 302 cases (0.71 cases/1000 pregnancies) were diagnosed with VTE during pregnancy and postpartum. The overall rates of diagnosis did not change significantly during the study period but followed a declining trend in the postpartum period. The highest risk of VTE was found to be during the third trimester (HR 0.002% per week, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0016–0.0023), while the lowest rate was during the postpartum period (HR 0.0007% per week, 95% CI 0.0004–0.0011).ConclusionPregnancy and the puerperium are well‐established risk factors for VTE. The present study demonstrates a declining trend in the risk and incidence of VTE during the postpartum period, which can be explained by a liberal and effective VTE prevention policy.
Tandem hemodialysis and DFPP: Procedure, safety and cost‐effectiveness in patients requiring chronic hemodialysis and lipid apheresis
Authors: Moranne O , Chauvel F , Pambrun E , Ahmadpoor P , Prelipcean C , Wuillai A , Chkair S , Messikh Z 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCertain patients require simultaneous lipoprotein apheresis (LA) and intermittent hemodialysis (HD). Instead of undergoing 2 consecutive treatment sessions, a double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) and HD tandem procedure could be offered to reduce treatment times and costs. Our study evaluated the performance, safety and cost of this tandem procedure.Material and MethodsThree patients underwent 168 HD and DFPP tandem sessions in a tertiary center from August 2018 to November 2020, using a Fresenius 5008 generator for HD and an InfomedHF440 for DFPP. The system's efficacy was assessed by lipid subtraction performance for DFPP. Efficacy of 2 blood line connection configurations (parallel or sequential) was compared in terms of Kt/V and matched against an HD control session for each patient. Clinical and biological safety and the differential cost between tandem and consecutive procedures were evaluated.ResultsThroughout the tandem sessions, DFPP lasted 85 to 120 minutes, overlapping the 240‐minute HD. Blood flow for HD and Kt/V were significantly lower during the tandem procedure with a parallel configuration compared to sequential or control paired HD. DFPP efficacy was comparable between all groups: over 60% reduction in cholesterol and over 50% for triglycerides. Symptomatic hypotension depended on the patients, not the procedure. The tandem procedure revealed an acceptable benefit‐cost ratio.ConclusionHD‐DFPP tandem with a sequential blood line connecting system (derivation installed on the HD venous line) is effective and well‐tolerated with a good cost‐benefit ratio. Tandem reduces hospitalization and treatment session times and can be offered to patients requiring simultaneous HD and DFPP.
How Team Members' Transformational Leadership and Effective Followership Work During Team Interactions
Authors: Alegbeleye I. Dami , Kaufman Eric K. 
Published: August 2022

In the current study, a mixed‐method research design was used to explore how team members' transformational leadership and effective followership relate to teamwork quality. Data were collected from 10‐student project teams (N [team] = 10; N [individual] = 84 team members) in a leadership class at a large‐sized public university in the United States. As a follow‐up, focus group interviews were conducted with two teams (n = 13 team members) to explore how team members' transformational leadership and effective followership work during team interactions. Correlation results showed that team members' transformational leadership was positively related to teamwork quality (r (82) = .84, p < .01). In the qualitative phase, findings showed that the team exhibiting centralized transformational leadership also exhibited passive team followership and low‐quality teamwork. Low‐quality teamwork was described as social loafing and polarization. In contrast, the team exhibiting shared transformational leadership also exhibited proactive team followership and high‐quality teamwork. High‐quality teamwork was described as conflict resolution and team synergy. The findings have important implications for leaders, followers, leadership educators, teams, organizations, and researchers.
Revenue management in a refurbishing duopoly with cannibalization
Authors: Kurdhi Nughthoh Arfawi , Dabadghao Shaunak S. , Fransoo Jan C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRefurbishing has promising economic potential, yet firms remain wary of its potential cannibalization effect on new product sales. Firms need to make strategic choices in competitive settings, involving varying brand strengths and collection constraints. The current study provides an empirical characterization of consumer behavior in such complex settings, which in turn informs an analytical model of optimal pricing policies. The results show that cannibalization (or switching) in a competitive environment has a linear relationship with price discounts, unlike the inverted U‐shaped relationship observed in monopolistic settings. The experimental results also highlight the relevance of cross‐cannibalization, especially for weaker firms (with low brand value) that compete with stronger firms to sell refurbished products. Our subsequent analytical results reveal how both competitors should adjust their refurbished product prices when internal and cross‐cannibalization coefficients change. Weaker firms should focus on surpassing stronger competitors in terms of collection and refurbishing efforts, which implies a predominant focus on operations. Finally, we show that refurbished product prices are a function of, and profits are concave in relation to, the number of core products collected by firms.