bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different dosages of sodium butyrate and niacin on growth, faecal microbiota and Vitamin B metabolism in weaned piglets
Authors: Zhen Rui , Liu Chunyan , Wei Chongwan , Luo Yunyan , Hu Xuxu , Liu Gangyi , Yi Hongbo , Huang Yanna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dosages of sodium butyrate and niacin on the growth performance, faecal Vitamin B and microbiota in weaned piglets.

Methods and Results
Seventy-two weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, age of 21 days) were randomly assigned to one of six treatments (12 pigs/treatment); the control (CT) group was administered a basal diet. The groups in which concentration ratios of sodium butyrate to niacin were 100: 1, 100: 2, 100: 4, 100: 8 and 100: 16 (BN1, BN2, BN4, BN8 and BN16) were administered a basal diet supplemented with 2000 mg kg−1 sodium butyrate and 20, 40, 80, 160 or 320 mg·kg−1 niacin. After 14-day treatment, the samples were collected. The results showed that feed conversion rate (FCR) was reduced and average daily gain (ADG) was increased in BN2 (p &lt; 0.05). The diarrhoea index of pigs decreased with the low supplement. Additionally, compared with the CT group, other groups significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes (BN4, phylum), Lactobacillaceae (BN8, family), Megasphaera (BN8, genus) and Lactobacillus (BN8, genus). Furthermore, the sodium butyrate and niacin supplementation influence Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, pyridoxine, niacin, nicotinamide and Vitamin B12 (p &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis of the association of micro-organisms with Vitamin B indicated that changes of Vitamin B metabolism have a potential correlation with alterations of faecal microbiota in weaned piglets.

Conclusions
The results indicated that adding sodium butyrate and niacin in the diet could promote the performance and improve the faecal microbiota and Vitamin B metabolism in weaned piglets.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Our study might provide clues to the research of correlations between faecal bacteria and faecal Vitamin B, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in weaned piglets.
Novel encapsulation approaches for phytosterols and their importance in food products: A review
Authors: Pavani Mekala , Singha Poonam , Dash Dibya Ranjan , Asaithambi Niveditha , Singh Sushil Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhytosterols are naturally occurring plant cell membranes, which have received greater attention in food industries due to their potential health benefits especially lowering low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels within the human body. However, the application of phytosterols in various foods (aqueous‐based) is challenging due to their low water solubility and poor stability resulting in poor bioavailability/bioaccessibility. The encapsulation technique is considered as an alternative approach to protect phytosterols from various factors, thus improving their bioavailability and stability. This review aims in presenting a detailed study on techniques and technologies currently employed to encapsulate phytosterols. Based on recent studies, mostly used techniques are spray drying, freeze drying, spray chilling, emulsification, liposome entrapment, extrusion, electro‐spinning, and electro‐spraying. Various processing factors affecting phytosterol stability in fortified food have been outlined as well.Practical ApplicationsPhytosterols are plant‐based bioactive compounds that have been commonly linked to having anti‐diabetic, anti‐inflammatory properties and cholesterol‐lowering effects. Consumption of processed and ready‐to‐eat foods lowers the intake of plant sterols in the human diet. Additionally, their availability in plant‐based foods is also limited. Phytosterol fortified foods are now available to fulfill the phytosterol requirement in our diet. The consumption of phytosterol enriched foods or supplements can be an alternative option to lower cholesterol levels in the human body. However, phytosterols are insoluble in water which results in poor bioavailability and stability. Furthermore, the incorporation of phytosterols in food products is difficult due to the probability of oxidation at higher processing temperatures and storage. Hence, encapsulation is an alternative approach to enhance phytosterols' stability and bioavailability.
Novel framework for assessing long‐term flood risk management pathways focusing on river channel improvement and amenity policies
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Yokomatsu Muneta , Ashino Masato , Ichikawa Yutaka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany urban areas at higher flood risk owing to climate change, and mitigating these risks requires a combination of structural and nonstructural adaptation measures. Previous studies assessing adaptation measures are limited in quantifying the effects of climatic and social changes. As an interdisciplinary approach, this study developed an agent‐based model of household locational choices and combined an advanced method for deriving on‐site analytical flood risk curves (90 m resolution) to explicitly reflect the present/future flood risk on the flood insurance rate. To evaluate river channel improvements and amenity policies, the proposed framework was applied to a middle stream area of the Yodo River basin, Japan. The simulation results indicated that (1) both the design level and river pathway improvements influence the flood risk (2) developing wider areas over low‐ and no‐risk areas rather than the intensive induction to limited no‐risk areas lead to a more effective reduction in flood risk. In addition, (3) an appropriate amenity policy may contribute to the attenuation of the inequality of flood risk among regions owing to the pathway of improvement. The proposed interdisciplinary approach will help decision makers in long‐term flood risk management.
No increased risk of flare in ulcerative colitis patients in corticosteroid‐free remission after stopping 5‐aminosalicylic acid: A territory‐wide population‐based study
Authors: Mak Joyce W Y , Yuen Nobel T K , Yip Terry C F , Lam Ray H M , Lam Brian K H , Cheng Cherry T Y , Wong Grace L H , Chan Francis K L , Ng Siew C 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimWhether 5‐aminosalicylic acid (ASA) can be stopped in patients with stable ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether 5‐ASA can be safely withdrawn in UC patients who have been in corticosteroid‐free clinical remission for ≥ 1 year.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using territory‐wide healthcare database in Hong Kong. Primary outcome was development of UC flare, defined as new corticosteroid use or UC‐related hospitalizations within 5 years. UC patients on oral 5‐ASA ≥ 2 g daily for ≥ 1 year with C‐reactive protein (CRP) < 10 mg/dL and no 5‐ASA dosage escalation, UC‐related hospitalization or corticosteroid use in the past year were included. Patients on biological agents were excluded. Patients were classified as “stopping” if 5‐ASA was withdrawn for ≥ 90 days within follow‐up period. We performed multivariable Cox regression models adjusting for demographics, blood parameters and immunosuppressants used. Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported comparing stopping and continuous‐use groups.ResultsA total of 1408 patients were included with a median follow‐up duration of 41.8 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 17.2–60.0 months). Stopping 5‐ASA was not associated with an increased risk of UC flare (aHR 0.91; 95% CI 0.64–1.31; P = 0.620). A higher CRP levels at the time of stopping 5‐ASA (aHR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01–1.30; P = 0.037) were associated with increased risk of flare.ConclusionStopping 5‐ASA in UC patients in corticosteroid‐free remission for ≥ 1 year was not associated with increased risk of flare. Future prospective trials should evaluate the role of stopping 5‐ASA in stable UC patients.
Building connection and improving health for Indigenous elders: Findings from the Title VI evaluation
Authors: Clarke Gretchen S. , Douglas Elizabeth B. , Campos Sofia , House Marnie J. , Vaughn Elizabeth E. , Hudgins Kristen E. G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the older Indigenous population in the United States expands, there is a growing demand for programs to address age‐related needs. Although Title VI of the OAA provides culturally responsive strategies to support elders through home‐ and community‐based nutrition services, these programs have not been the subject of a national evaluation; our study is the first.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐methods study to assess the impact of the Title VI programs on elders. We used quantitative data from a national survey of Indigenous elders (n = 1175) and qualitative data collected through interviews (n = 36) and focus groups (18, n = 161) with a subgroup of elders receiving services. We compared outcomes for social and cultural connectedness and physical and mental well‐being for different subgroups within our sample of elders based on elders' use of Title VI services and the level of services provided to these elders. Results were adjusted for community characteristics.ResultsElders receiving Title VI services had significantly fewer hospitalizations and falls per year (hospitalizations: 0.9 vs. 1.2, p < 0.05; falls: 1.0 versus 1.1, p < 0.05) and significantly more social and cultural engagements per month (social engagements: 92.6% vs. 75.6%, p < 0.05; cultural practices: 78.8% vs. 64.8%, p < 0.05) compared with elders who did not participate in Title VI services. These findings were confirmed by our qualitative data.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the vital role that the Title VI program plays in promoting elders' overall health and well‐being through decreased hospitalizations and falls and increased connectedness.
Qualifying Violence: Visible Data, Invisible Lives in Recife, Brazil
Authors: Haynes Marta‐Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article brings attention to the rise of digital computing in policing in Brazil, where new technologies have been integrated into the criminal justice apparatus to surveil, manage, and police criminalized communities. I examine a reformist public policy called the Pacto pela Vida (Pact for Life) in Recife and foreground the process of collecting and interpreting data at crime scenes as a means by which to analyze how criminality is understood and conceptualized. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research, I explore how data collected by the police link racial identifiers, places, and different types of offenses. Hence, I argue that the Pacto governmentality infers a preexisting logic of power and control over the Black poor using new technologies and policing models mainly imported from the United States. When police collect data at crime scenes and categorize it according to provided standards, the sociocultural context in which events occur become invisible.
Double‐Layer Masking of Suffering After Pregnancy Loss: A Grounded Theory Study from a Male Perspective
Authors: Fernández‐Basanta Sara , Coronado Carmen , Movilla‐Fernández María‐Jesús 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMen can express different responses after pregnancy loss. This loss can interfere with their expectation of parenthood, new life, and future hopes. Expectations from the social construction of gender can encourage them to maintain an image that contradicts their actual feelings. This can lead to isolation, distancing, and difficulties in seeking support. The scarcity and low representation of men in previous studies makes research that captures the complexity of their experience necessary. The aim of this study was to explore how men confront the suffering caused by pregnancy loss.MethodsThis study is part of a larger research project focusing on the experiences of parents and midwives following pregnancy loss. In this study, 22 cisgender and white heterosexual men who experienced pregnancy losses participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed iteratively using constructivist grounded theory methods.ResultsThe substantive theory of double‐layer masking of suffering emerged as way to explain the confrontation of suffering after pregnancy loss from the male perspective. The themes, (1) suffering beyond physical loss, (2) rationalization in the search for meaning, and (3) keeping a façade with others, show the impact that this loss had on men, which was masked by the meaning they gave to the situation and by its social expression.DiscussionThe findings provide a theoretical conceptualization of the masking these men use to deal with the suffering they experienced from this situation. These aspects provide reasons for including these individuals in the assistance given by midwives after a pregnancy loss. Collaboration between specialized and primary care, along with staff training and support, is necessary for the provision of couple‐centered care after pregnancy loss.
Pricing Patterns in Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unilateral Market Power or Coordinated Behavior?*
Authors: Brown David P. , Eckert Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine allegations that firms in Alberta's electricity industry manipulated public information to coordinate in the wholesale market. We investigate whether bids by firms who employed unique pricing patterns were consistent with unilateral expected profit maximization. Our results suggest that these firms could have increased expected profits through unilateral deviations. For one firm, the potential to increase profits is greater on days when certain offer patterns are observed, providing support for the claim that such patterns may have assisted coordination on high‐priced outcomes. These results suggest that regulators should exercise caution when designing information disclosure policies in concentrated electricity markets.
The anatomy of immigration enforcement: Long‐standing socio‐emotional impacts on children as they age into adulthood
Authors: Dreby Joanna , Silveira Florencia , Lee Eunju 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article identifies how experiences with immigration enforcement during childhood come to have long‐standing socio‐emotional impacts in adulthood.BackgroundScholarship shows adverse experiences in childhood to have enduring effects and that enforcement causes a series of hardships, particularly for children. Yet no research to date explains what specifically about enforcement shapes children's lives over time.MethodsUsing in‐depth interviews collected between 2019 and 2021 from 84 young adults, all who were minors raised during the period of increased immigration enforcement during the mid‐2000s, we use qualitative analytical techniques to explore enforcement as a possible source of traumatic experience outside of the household.ResultsWe find that long‐term socio‐emotional effects related to enforcement are likely tied to three elements of children's lived experiences: (a) the extent of exposure to enforcement episodes, (b) the chronicity of exposure, and (c) the timing of exposure in a child's life course and that these three elements unfold within family contexts. Children with direct and chronic exposure and for whom exposure spans middle childhood describe negative consequences on their well‐being in adulthood particularly when they experience other forms of family adversity. Supportive family contexts can mitigate exposure, chronicity, and timing of exposure.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis framework for understanding the anatomy of enforcement can improve how we theorize immigration‐related trauma and can—in the absence of federal reform–provide local‐level policymakers and officials with guidelines to help lessen hardship caused by enforcement practices.
Experiences of a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for fatigue in patients receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Waite Frances , Chilcot Joseph , Moss‐Morris Rona , Farrington Ken , Picariello Federica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA feasibility randomised‐controlled trial found that a cognitive‐behavioural therapy intervention for renal fatigue has the potential to reduce fatigue in patients receiving haemodialysis, but uptake was low.ObjectivesNested in the randomised‐controlled trial (RC) qualitative interviews were undertaken to understand the acceptability of renal fatigue, the facilitators of, and barriers to, engagement, and the psychosocial processes of change.DesignThe trial included 24 participants at baseline. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine participants from the intervention arm (n = 12). Approach Interviews were carried out immediately following treatment (3 months post‐randomisation). Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.FindingsFive main themes were formulated. The overarching theme was a sense of coherence (whether the illness, symptoms and treatment made sense to individuals), which appeared to be central to acceptability and engagement. Two themes captured the key barriers and facilitators to engagement, cognitive and illness/treatment burdens and collaboration with the therapist. Participants described changes related to their activity, thoughts and social identity/interactions, which shaped perceptions of change in fatigue. Lastly, participants discussed the optimal delivery of the intervention.ConclusionsThis study revealed the importance of patients' understanding of fatigue and acceptance of the treatment model for the acceptability of and engagement with a cognitive‐behavioural therapy‐based intervention for fatigue. Overall, there was an indication that such an intervention is acceptable to patients and the mechanisms of change align with the proposed biopsychosocial model of fatigue. However, it needs to be delivered in a way that is appealing and practical to patients, acknowledging the illness and treatment burdens.
Patient perspectives and experiences of remote consultations in people receiving kidney care: A scoping review
Authors: Ewart Catriona , Baharani Jyoti , Wilkie Martin , Thomas Nicola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic resulted in a rapid and sometimes chaotic change in how clinical care was delivered for people living with kidney disease, with increased reliance on digital technologies and the introduction of remote services.ObjectivesTo conduct a scoping review of studies about patients' experiences and perspectives in receipt of remote consultations for kidney care.DesignUsing Arksey and O'Malley's framework, three databases were searched on EBSCO (CINAHL, MEDLINE and Psych INFO). The search included studies published in English from August 2010 to August 2021.ResultsEight studies met the scoping review criteria (two cross‐sectional, two mixed‐method and four qualitative). Five themes were identified: overall satisfaction with remote services, benefits to patients (convenience, involvement in care and patient safety), barriers to remote consultations (technical difficulties, digital literacy and loss of interpersonal communication), patient concerns (need for physical examination, privacy and confidentiality) and prerequisites for successful remote care (existing patient–practitioner relationship, stable illness phase and access to technology).ConclusionRemote consultations confer multiple advantages to patients; therefore, remote consultations should be offered as an option to patients living with kidney disease beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, there are several barriers to remote consultation that need to be addressed and understood before implementing remote care long‐term. Future research should examine the impact of remote consultations on people living with kidney disease from under‐served groups to identify barriers and ensure their suitability and accessibility to the wider population for a more patient‐centred approach to kidney care.
Effect of exercise on cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialyses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Liu Huan , Song Yan , Zhao Danyan , Zhan Minqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of exercise on cognition in patients undergoing haemodialysis has been examined. However, evidence elucidating the effects in this patient group is scarce.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of exercise on cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialysis and provide insight into the effects of various characteristics of exercise on cognitive impairment in this population.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis, following the guidance of PRISMA was undertaken.ParticipantsAdult patients undergoing haemodialysis.ResultsThis review found that exercise significantly improved cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialysis (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.60, p = 0.002). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that both intradialytic exercise (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.26, p < 0.001) and interdialytic exercise (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.47, p = 0.038), exercise for 16 weeks or over (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.58, p = 0.012), and lasting for more than 30 minutes (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.86, p = 0.004) significantly alleviated cognitive impairment. The effect of exercise on cognitive impairment in patients less than 65 years of age (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.68, p = 0.009) was significantly better than those over 65.ConclusionExercise significantly improves cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Both Intradialytic and interdialytic exercise of at least 30 minutes duration, 3 times weekly, and at least for 16 weeks may play a significant role in alleviating cognitive impairment in patients under 65 years of age.
Illuminating opposing performance effects of stressors in innovation teams
Authors: Razinskas Stefan , Weiss Matthias , Hoegl Martin , Baer Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the clear relevance of stressors for the creative work performed by individuals, how they affect teams in their ability to innovate is poorly understood. Thus, the question as to what kind of, and by which mechanisms, team stressors may give rise to better innovation team performance needs further consideration. We address this issue by applying the challenge–hindrance stressor framework to the team level of analysis in the context of innovation teams. By integrating insights from social identity theory and the attentional focus model, we highlight the importance of identity‐ and information‐based mechanisms in transmitting the differential effects of challenge and hindrance team stressors on the performance of innovation teams. We test our arguments for two of the most prominent indicators of innovation team performance (i.e., team creativity and team efficiency) in a multi‐informant sample of team members, team‐internal leaders, and team‐external managers from 114 innovation teams. Our findings support the opposing effects of challenge and hindrance team stressors in predicting innovation team performance through the two differential mechanisms. Specifically, for team efficiency, both team stressors come with the cost of team task conflict (i.e., the information‐based mechanism). However, whereas challenge team stressors enhance collective team identification (i.e., the identity‐based mechanism), hindrance team stressors undermine collective team identification, thereby aggravating their already negative effect on team efficiency. In terms of team creativity, our results suggest that both types of team stressors exert their indirect effects solely via the identity‐based mechanism. Implications for research and practice are discussed.