bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of injection system characteristics on performance, efficiency and emissions of agricultural tractor Diesel engines
Authors: Laurentiu Niculae Andrei , Chiriac Radu , Racovitza Alexandru , Ungureanu Vlad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The development and the control of Diesel engines combustion process are fundamentally influenced by the parameters of the injection system, namely by the fuel injection characteristic and the injection rate shape. This work comparatively evaluates, by numerical simulation the influences of the injection system characteristics on performance, efficiency, and emissions of two tractor engine types, with four and three cylinders, with similar energetic configuration and same piston displacement. Therefore, the simulation applied two AVL-BOOST computation models, each of them using the AVL-MCC combustion equations system, with the calibration of the models being based on experimental data obtained by testbed investigations. The corresponding specification of the injection systems, together with those of the fuel spray characteristics simulated by the AVL Hydsim tool and the appropriate injection parameters have been adapted for both engines. The results highlighted that for the 3-cylinders engine, presenting lesser total displacement compared to the 4-cylinders one, it is possible to achieve in the condition of similar performance per cylinder, higher efficiency and lower Soot emissions.
The effect of added ethanol to diesel fuel on performance and combustion of a Diesel engine
Authors: Benea B C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Diesel, as a fossil fuel, is widely used in industrial and agricultural fields. Added biofuels to fossil fuels affect the performance and combustion characteristics in the internal combustion engines. Ethanol is a renewable fuel, which is produced from plant, sugary and starchy biomass. Ethanol as an important additive to gasoline and diesel fuel can improve engine performance and reduce emissions. In this study, ethanol was added to pure diesel fuel with concentrations of 5, 8, 10, and 15%. The produced torque and power, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and combustion were evaluated. The tests were made on a four cylinders CI engine at the six rotational speeds of 1200, 1700, 2200, 2700, 3200, and 3700 rpm, under full load mode. The results showed that the torque and power increase on average by 4.2% at fuel blend with a concentration of 8% ethanol (D92E8) as compared with those of pure diesel fuel. Although the power increases for the D92E8 fuel mixture, some irregularities are observed in the engine performance, and the engine runs more unevenly. Increasing the ethanol concentration by more than 8% in diesel increases the ignition delay and the engine runs erratically.
Mathematical simulation of the economic-energy parameters of the engine 4DC-125/110 supplied with mixed fuel based on thermal calculation
Authors: Voleac P , Dichii A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article presents a mathematical model of thermodynamic calculation of compression ignition engines. The 4DC-125/110 engine was chosen as an example, and on the basis of the mathematical model, its energy and economic performances were simulated supplying various types of fuel to identify the best operation results.
Modelling a virtual wind tunnel for vehicle aerodynamic measurements
Authors: Ilea L , Iozsa D , Fratila G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The automotive makes of our days are challenged to fulfil more and more criteria to remain competitive and financially performant, considering the legislation that must be respected to be able to commercialise each model. One highly important set of rules focus on emissions and strict limits are implemented. To develop compliant products, each make must focus on aerodynamic performance so to reduce the drag of air, thus the required force to overcome for movement at high speeds. While homologation is currently done exclusively as a physical test, to be able to reduce the aerodynamic coefficient, strong virtual tools are used. These measurements performed with computation fluid dynamic software are translated into a virtual wind tunnel that must be able to give relevant and coherent results in respect to final physical validations. The paper will indicate the main types of wind tunnels, parameters to consider, error source and how results can be used. While the computational power is growing each moment, the industry is continuously adapting to obtain the most performant and appealing designs with minimal resources, this being the key of reducing the CO2 footprint of passenger vehicles transport segment.
The reliability of automotive subsystems influence on the motor vehicles fuel economy
Authors: Negrilă R I , Igreţ S V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The reliability theory consistently regards all phases of vehicle construction and operation. The properties determining the vehicle reliability, which are also called potential objectives, are precisely formulated from early design and manufacturing phases and accomplished in the production process. The analysis of reliability from the perspective of potential properties allows us to identify certain categories of potential properties. One refers to potential properties that depend on the deterioration of operating functions. In this category, we can find the resistance to breakage and deformation, stability of operating processes, stability of the physical-mechanical properties of the construction materials and of the working environment. Secondly, the potential properties required to accomplish the required level of production and reduce the manufacturing costs, such as manufacturing technology, the corresponding volume of production, simplicity of manufacture and failure-free manufacturing. Thirdly, there are potential properties needed to maintain the reliability at a high level during service, such as developing the quality of diagnoses, technical maintenance, reducing all types of costs and increasing productivity. Here we find the technology of the diagnosis and the totality of the external expenses and the adaptability to the automation of diagnosing tools. Operating reliability is the result of the full accomplishing of the potential reliability of components. The reliability of automotives treated as a subsystem can successfully be evaluated by defining certain operating indicators and characteristics, the economic characteristic being of great interest and importance.
Bearings fault detection by means of frequency analysis
Authors: Stoica R M , Voicu D , Vilau R , Barothi L , Deleanu L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present paper aims to analyse the possibility to prevent machine failure due to bearing faults, with the use of frequency analysis. The experimental research consisted in mounting a simple mechanical transmission, integrating an electric motor, a rigid coupling, a driven shaft, two pillow block bearings and a uniaxial accelerometer (connected to a data acquisition board), which was tested at two constant motor speeds. Follow-up, with the use of recorded data, it was plotted the envelope spectrum of bearing functioning, based on BPFO, BPFI, FTF and BSF harmonics, which were later used to determine on which element of the bearing is the defect located, or if the bearing lacks proper greasing.
Diagnosis of mechanical parts by analyzing vibrations measured during operation
Authors: Udrea M M , Voicu D , Stoica R M , Barothi L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present study aims to measure vibrations in machine parts, perform the corresponding spectral analysis and, finally, obtain a diagnosis. The test was performed on a cardan shaft, measuring the vibrations with a uni-axial accelerometer, and follow-up, with the use of the Adash acquisition board, data were recorded and analyzed. It is known that each mechanical part has its own vibration frequency and that the operation at critical speed determines the occurrence of the resonance phenomenon. When this phenomenon appears, damage occurs, which is difficult to remedy and in some cases could endanger the safety of operators. Therefore, it was necessary to perform modal analysis in the Ansys program in order to be able to analyze the own vibration modes of the cardan shaft.
Dynamics of frontal crash in/without the presence of passive safety systems
Authors: Ionut Alexandru Garnita , Gheorghe Marius Corbu , Florin Daniel Toma , Daniel Dragos Trusca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper aims to debate on experimental retrieved accelerations from real crash tests, based on different scenarios, to enable assessment on driver potential injury. Scenarios included the presence of passive safety systems (e.g., airbag, seat belt) and test data are being processed to estimate the head injury criteria (HIC) followed by its correlation with abbreviated injury scale values (AIS). A dummy, average male resemblance, was developed in-situ and used in the experimental configuration. Signals were being acquired by few accelerometers disposed on the dummy’s head and thorax using a Pic DAQ system (DSD, Linz, Austria). Data processing and values of injury criteria underline the importance of passive safety systems proven HIC experienced a consistent decrease in the presence of both air-bag and seatbelt.
Frontal impact on truck cabin structure using FE modeling
Authors: Ioniţă A , Iozsa M D , Stan C , Manea A M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the component structural behaviour and response under overturned truck crash that subsequently collides with road-side pole or tree. The safety of the truck occupants in an accident is very important and should be considered in the process of cabin design. Specific focus will be on the structural integrity of the truck cabin in response to a collision with a cylindrical pendulum. In the past, dynamic analysis was done by real world testing. Nowadays crash simulation is proven to be much more efficient by being a virtual representation of destructive crash impact and providing opportunities to reduce the number of physical prototypes consumed for design verification, thus reducing development time. According to cab strength tests (ECE R29), the cabin body of the truck shall be attached to the chassis in such a way that in the event of impact it ensures a sufficient survival space and eliminates the risk of injury. This paper investigates the FE (finite element) simulation of a frontal impact on the cabin structure to validate the cabin according to the ECE regulation 29 tests. The study also includes the assessment of the energy absorption capabilities of the cabin during the pendulum impact. The pendulum impact was carried out using Ansys LS-Dyna explicit solver to evaluate the cabin strength under the loads.
Intense luminescence in nanostructured germanate glass
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Liu Xifeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The phosphors free of active dopants have been attracted much attention due to their interesting optical properties and potentials for construction of rare-earth free functional materials. In this letter, we report the construction of phosphor free of active dopants via nanocrystallization of glass. In a typical example, a single-phase Zn2GeO4 phosphor is fabricated via controllable crystallization of the germinate glass. Intense green luminescence with the central wavelength at 523 nm can be realized in nanostructured glass and it is estimated to be ∼150 times higher than that of the as-made glass. The physical mechanism is associated with the formation of Zn related interstitial defects during the disorder-order phase transformation in glass. The progress in this work indicates that the avenue of glass crystallization provides an effective strategy for the development of novel active photonic materials free of active dopants.
Precipitation behavior and tensile properties of A356.2 alloy with different high temperature pre-precipitation temperatures
Authors: Ding Yuming , Chang Liang , Guo Binxu , Ding Jian , Chen Xueguang , Tang Ying , Song Kaihong , Xia Xingchuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to understand the effect of high temperature pre-precipitation (HTPP) temperature on the precipitation behavior and tensile properties of A356.2 alloy treated by Al-6Sr-7La master alloy, SEM, TEM and tensile tests were applied to investigate the evolution of fracture morphology and precipitates of the alloys under different HTPP temperatures. The results showed that ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of the alloys decrease and elongation (El) increases with HTPP temperature decreasing. When HTPP temperature decreased from 510 °C to 470 °C coarsen coherent β″ phase appear in α-Al matrix, continue to decrease HTPP temperature to 450 °C the main precipitate transformed into semi-coherent β′ phase, leading to the change in mechanical properties. In addition, coarsening and transformation of the precipitate were attributed to the reduction of Si concentration which decreases with HTPP temperature decreasing. Moreover, Si nanoparticles precipitated in α-Al matrix, leading to the decrease of UTS and YS to certain extent due to reducing Si concentration during aging process.
Effects of plasma radiation on the nonlinear evolution of neo-classical tearing modes in tokamak plasmas
Authors: JIANG Shuai , TANG Weikang , WEI Lai , LIU Tong , XU Haiwen , WANG Zhengxiong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effects of plasma radiation on the nonlinear evolution of neo-classical tearing modes are investigated based on a set of reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations. It is found that the radiation can reduce the pressure near the rational surface. During the nonlinear evolution, the magnitude of perturbed bootstrap current is drastically enhanced in the presence of the radiation. Besides, the radiation can increase the growth rate of the magnetic islands by diminishing the pressure, such that the magnetic islands do not saturate compared with that without radiation. On the other hand, with the increase of the ratio of parallel to perpendicular transport coefficient

χ

∥

/

χ

⊥

,

the reduction of pressure can further increase the growth rate of magnetic islands in the presence of plasma radiation. Finally, the mechanisms of the destabilizing effects driven by the radiation are discussed in detail as well.
Jane Austen practising
Authors: Keymer Tom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Jane Austin practicsing’ discusses the wayward, farcical impulse of Jane Austen’s teenage writings, which look experimentally forward to Victorian nonsense writing. The juvenilia, most of which remained unpublished until the first half of the twentieth century, helped readers of the Modernist era tune in to an aspect of Austen’s art that was always there. In her earliest writing, the imaginative cruelty is unregulated and coexists with other features that challenge received opinions about Austen. Not only are the norms of compassion suspended in these youthful skits, but also many related norms: of decorum, morality, language, and narrative logic. Austen’s manuscript works are striking achievements in their own right, and point to aspects of the published novels we might otherwise miss.
Sense, sensibility, society
Authors: Keymer Tom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Sense, sensibility, society’ evaluates Enlightenment feminism in relation to Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility (1811). Sense and Sensibility addresses the precarious, dependent condition of unmoneyed women in a world of constraint and dispossession. The novel breaks fresh ground in its representation of human consciousness, while at the same time offering readers surface patterns and moral binaries they had encountered elsewhere. On the side of sensibility in particular, Austen’s novel explores one of the most prominent themes of Mary Wollstonecraft’s Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). Austen shares Wollstonecraft’s interest in the pitfalls of feeling, and in the role of fiction, and literature more broadly, in promoting the cult of sensibility.
Emma and Englishness
Authors: Keymer Tom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Emma and Englishness’ addresses national identity and Englishness in Jane Austen’s Emma (1815). Emma was Austen’s fullest exploration of the nation’s moral health and social wellbeing, dedicated to the man charged with upholding these things, the future George IV, but pointedly failing to praise him for doing so. Austen's evocation of ‘English verdure, English culture, English comfort’ can be observed as Emma nears its excruciating climax on Box Hill. Her landscape descriptions in this vein are always strategic, used in particular to indicate moral and aesthetic alignment. She uses domestic realism to explore national identity as it exhibits itself, not across grand sweeps of history (as in the novels of her great contemporary Walter Scott), but in a meticulously documented and nuanced here and now.
Passion and Persuasion
Authors: Keymer Tom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Passion and Persuasion’ explores psychology in Jane Austen’s Persuasion (1817), a novel focused on the suppression and eventual resurgence of passion. Memory is one of the work’s central themes, and the pressures exerted by past choices on consciousness in the present, and on future life. Indeed, the first volume of Persuasion narrates not a shallow capacity for passion but the crushing psychological consequence of wrong decisions and ongoing regret—a pattern amplified by the rich historical (indeed prehistoric) resonances of Lyme Regis, where a pivotal phase of the action takes place. Ultimately, Persuasion unfolds for the heroine as a clever but relentlessly painful reversal of the standard narrative trajectory of courtship fiction. We can observe how in Persuasion, the navy offers a salutary model of national progress in the post-war future.
Digital Minds
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Digital minds’ asks: what might the human‒digital interface and the prospects of artificial intelligence reveal about the mind‒body problem? The extended mind hypothesis states that our memories can be stored on external devices, such as our phones. The parity principle states that a process in the external world counts as part of our minds if it is the case that if this process were to occur inside the head, the process would be part of our minds. Can computers think? The Turing test is thought by some to test for computer thought or intelligence. The Mayan language room argument is a variation of John Searle’s much-discussed argument that aims to show that computers cannot understand language, or in other words that ‘syntax is not sufficient for semantics’. There are many other questions that reside in the intersection of ethics and artificial intelligence.
Evaluation of a remote hybrid staffing model for ambulatory clinical pharmacists in a pediatric health system during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baron Kristen , Herbst James , McNicol Megan , Stephan Emily , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Wise Kelly 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe and quantify patient care activities performed by ambulatory clinical pharmacists supporting medical specialty clinics in a pediatric health system utilizing a hybrid staffing model during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods
Five ambulatory clinical pharmacists, integrated within a health-system specialty pharmacy (HSSP), utilized a web-based data collection tool to record time spent performing patient care activities over a 2-week period. Work location (onsite or offsite) of the pharmacist was reported for each activity. Activities were classified as direct or indirect patient care. Direct patient care activities were subcategorized as telemedicine appointments, in-person clinic appointments, HSSP call center work, medication access support, electronic medical record consults, and previsit planning/postvisit documentation. Administrative tasks and precepting were considered indirect patient care activities.

Results
A total of 1,190 activities were completed, with 77% of all activities performed offsite. Direct and indirect patient care activities accounted for 871 (73.2%) and 319 (26.8%) of total activities, respectively. No activity took longer for the pharmacists to complete offsite versus onsite.

Conclusion
Using a hybrid staffing model employed by a pediatric health system, ambulatory clinical pharmacists were able to efficiently provide a high volume of direct patient care activities even when working offsite. Rapid adaptation and implementation of telemedicine services was critical for pharmacists to continue to provide essential services within pediatric medical specialty clinics.
Description of telepharmacy services by emergency medicine pharmacists
Authors: Manuel Francis C , Wieruszewski Erin D , Brown Caitlin S , Russi Christopher S , Mattson Alicia E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Utilization of telemedicine and telepharmacy services has become increasingly popular, as specifically noted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article describes the implementation of and services provided by emergency medicine pharmacists (EMPs) as part of a telemedicine team in the emergency department (ED).

Summary
This report describes the telemedicine and telepharmacy services provided to EDs in the Mayo Clinic Health System from the Mayo Clinic Rochester ED. Telepharmacy services provided by EMPs started in 2018. EMPs cover telepharmacy calls as part of their shift within the ED in Rochester. Recommendations and interventions are documented in the electronic medical record. A retrospective review evaluated interventions provided from November 18, 2018, through November 10, 2020. Baseline patient demographics, as well as the type and number of interventions provided by EMPs, hospital site, and time spent on the interventions, were collected. Telepharmacy consults could include multiple interventions and be classified as more than one type of intervention. During this time period, 24 pharmacists worked in the ED and were able to provide telepharmacy services. There were 279 consults included in this study, with 435 interventions. Most of the calls came from critical access hospitals (48.7%). The most common types of interventions documented were medication selection and dosing (n = 238), antimicrobials (n = 141), monitoring and follow-up (n = 65), discharge (n = 56), drug information (n = 55), and allergy review (n = 50).

Conclusion
Telepharmacy services can provide increased access to emergency medicine specialty pharmacists in areas that would not otherwise have these services.