bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooking Pots: A Source of Heavy Metal Contamination of Food and Water
Authors: Ollor O. A. , Awa J. O. , Aleru C. P. , Agi V. N. , Wachukwu C. K. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Certain kitchen utensils used for food preparation can present significant risk because they are manufactured with materials such as aluminum, stainless steel and enamel that can be hazardous or contaminate food when heated.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the microbial and heavy metals found in leachates from some cooking utensils subjected to heating.
Methodology: A total of four aluminum and stainless steel cooking pots were used and seven hundred and fifty (750) millilitres of tap water was boiled for 15 minutes to 30 minutes in each of the pots at boiling point of 100°C. The analyses of the water samples for bacteria were carried out using the conventional standard procedures of isolating and identifying bacteria. The physicochemical parameters were quantified with the APHA method whereas the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of heavy metals.
Results: The results showed that Pseudomonas spp and Staphylococcus spp were isolated from some of the water samples that were not boiled while the boiled water showed no bacteria growth. The physicochemical parameters of the water samples before boiling were pH 5.36 to 7.41, temperature 30.7°C to 31.0°C, turbidity 0.04 to 1.41NTU, total dissolve solids 50.0 to 114.9 mg/l and others, while the presence of heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) were detected in leachates from the pots subjected to heating. The values obtained were higher in leachates from pots that were heated for longer period. The oldest pot of thirty (30) years had a value of 0.0175±0.0007 mg/l to 0.0275±0.0021 mg/l for Zn while the value for Cd was 0.1110±0.0014 to 0.1245±0.0007 mg/l and the values for the newest pot was 0.0505±0.0021 to 0.0775±0.0035 mg/l for Pb and 0.0455±0.0248 mg/l to 0.0515±0.0191 mg/l for Cr.
Conclusion: Cadmium values in all the pots exceeded the control and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended values. It may be concluded that heavy metals leached out into water and food from some pots when heated for longer periods and this may become one source of exposure of heavy metals into the human body that may bioaccumulate to create health problems.
Evaluation of Coronary Stent Expansion during Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Using Stent Boost Visualization in Comparison with Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Omran Omran Mohamed , Sherif Mohammed Hamed , Saied Ekram Sadek , El-Ashmawy Medhat Mohamed , El-guindy Amr Dawood , El-den Samia Mahmoud Sharaf 
Published: June 2022

Background: Even in the era of drug-eluting stents, underexpansion of coronary stents remains a prominent cause of in-stent thrombosis and restenosis in patients having percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The aim of this work was to evaluate the value of using stent boost (SB) to detect stent under expansion (UE) by comparing this method to the gold-standard method of measurement by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
Methods: This prospective observational cross-sectional research enrolled 21 cases with chronic coronary artery disease who had elective PCI with IVUS and SB. Every patient was exposed to full history taking, full clinical examination and echocardiography. Pre-stenting IVUS was done to assess lesion characteristics, vessel measurements specifically distal reference lumen diameter and area (distal RLD, RLA) and to assess the size of the needed stent. SB image was obtained helped by the deflated balloon of the immediately deployed stent. IVUS was introduced post-stenting to obviate any hidden complication as well as to assess stent measurements of minimal stent diameter and area (MSD, MSA), hence, identify the group of patients with stent UE for which subsequent high pressure balloon dilatation was done. Post-procedure off-line processing of SB and QCA images to evaluate the presence of UE by both modalities.
Results: SB showed good agreement to IVUS regarding MSD which became optimal agreement when done for Xience Xpedition stent (as the commonly used stent in our study). SB was able to detect optimal expansion compared to IVUS with 100% sensitivity and 33.33% specificity (p =0.005, AUC=0.808) at cut-off value criteria of MSD/distal RLD of 70%. The specificity increased to 66.67% when the cut-off value criteria of MSD/distal RLD was 76%. There was less agreement between QCA and IVUS.
Conclusions: Stent boost showed good agreement to IVUS regarding MSD which became optimal agreement when done for Xience Xpedition stent (as the commonly used stent in our study). SB was able to detect optimal expansion compared to IVUS with 100% sensitivity and Expedition 66.67% specificity (p =0.005, AUC=0.808) at MSD/distal RLD of 76% as a cut-off value criteria.
Credibility of Expert Witnesses
Authors: Langham David , Eskay-Auerbach Marjorie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Credibility of expert witnesses is essential. It is important that medical experts do not incorrectly assume that administrative law judges are their audience. Instead, it should be noted that most disputes will be resolved between the parties and their representatives. When providing opinions, experts are well-served by understanding the audience as much as practical. The best advice for experts rendering opinions is to remain true to the questions posed and follow the scientific method.
Unprecedented Multifunctionality in 1D Nb1‐xTaxS3 Transition Metal Trichalcogenide Alloy
Authors: Hemmat Zahra , Ahmadiparidari Alireza , Wang Shuxi , Kumar Khagesh , Zepeda Michael , Zhang Chengji , Dandu Naveen , Rastegar Sina , Majidi Leily , Jaradat Ahmad , Ngo Anh , Thornton Katsuyo , Curtiss Larry A. , Cabana Jordi , Huang Zhehao , Salehi‐Khojin Amin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract1D materials, such as nanofibers or nanoribbons are considered as the future ultimate limit of downscaling for modern electrical and electrochemical devices. Here, for the first time, nanofibers of a solid solution transition metal trichalcogenide (TMTC), Nb1‐xTaxS3, are successfully synthesized with outstanding electrical, thermal, and electrochemical characteristics rivaling the performance of the‐state‐of‐the art materials for each application. This material shows nearly unchanged sheet resistance (≈740 Ω sq−1) versus bending cycles tested up to 90 cycles, stable sheet resistance in ambient conditions tested up to 60 days, remarkably high electrical breakdown current density of ≈30 MA cm−2, strong evidence of successive charge density wave transitions, and outstanding thermal stability up to ≈800 K. Additionally, this material demonstrates excellent activity and selectivity for CO2 conversion to CO reaching ≈350 mA cm−2 at −0.8 V versus RHE with a turnover frequency number of 25. It also exhibits an excellent performance in a high‐rate Li–air battery with the specific capacity of 3000 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.3 mA cm−2. This study uncovers the multifunctionality in 1D TMTC alloys for a wide range of applications and opens a new direction for the design of the next generation low‐dimensional materials.
A Graph‐Based Lithium‐Ion Battery Parameter Estimation Approach to Produce Diverse Synthetic Data
Authors: Channegowda Janamejaya , Lachappa Yugendra Gowda , Jagwani Shefali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnergy dense lithium‐ion batteries are extensively used in all portable electronic devices and in electric vehicles as well. State‐of‐charge estimation of these batteries has been of considerable commercial interest as this key metric can be construed as the available range in electric vehicles. State‐of‐charge is also important to ascertain the remaining usage time in battery powered devices. In this paper a graph neural network‐based approach is employed to estimate key battery parameters such as, voltage, battery capacity, etc. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to employ a graph‐based approach to improve battery estimates. The pairwise interdependencies within the battery dataset are exploited to provide better battery estimates. The graph‐based approach is compared with related statistical methods to highlight the effectiveness of this approach.
Interlayer‐Incorporation of MoS2 (TM‐MoS2) to Achieve Unique Magnetic and Electronic Properties for Spintronics
Authors: Bai Haoyun , Wu Qingyun , Ai Haoqiang , Liu Di , Feng Jinxian , Ang Lay Kee , Lu Yunhao , Yang Ming , Pan Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe multi‐layer 2D materials have attracted increasing interest because the intriguing properties can be achieved by various strategies, such as incorporating ions into the interlayer, turning angles between two layers, and applying strain, which may lead to wide applications in catalysis, ion‐batteries, superconductors, and nanodevices. In this work, there is a proposal to tune the electronic and magnetic properties of MoS2 bilayer for spintronics by incorporating transition‐metal elements into its interlayer (denoted as TM‐MoS2) based on the density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is shown that TM‐MoS2 is thermodynamically stable and can be achieved due to low incorporation energy. It is found that n‐type doping or intrinsic semiconducting can be realized in MoS2 bilayer by controlling the incorporated transition‐metal atoms, accompanied with a rich variety of magnetic orderings. It is further shown that the electronic and magnetic properties of TM‐MoS2 can be substantially tuned by applying compression. Finally, it is demonstrated that the systems can be used as a spin filter, as supported by the spin‐polarized transport calculation. The findings illustrate that the physical properties of layered materials can be controlled by simple interlayer incorporation and shed light on the application of TM‐MoS2 as a fundamental building block for nanoelectronics and spintronics.
Exploring biocultural determinants of intestinal health: Do resource access and parasite exposure contribute to intestinal inflammation among a preliminary sample of children in rural Mississippi?
Authors: Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Recca Isabella C. , Gildner Theresa E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesBiocultural perspectives combining methods and theories from biological and cultural anthropology are needed to better understand socioeconomic and race‐based health inequities in the United States. For example, the developmental trajectories of gastrointestinal health disparities based on embodied (i.e., internalized) inequities in resource access and environmental pathogen exposure are poorly understood. Here, we present a preliminary exploration of these relationships among 20 children (aged 3–14 years) from 12 families living in a low‐resource, predominantly Black, rural Mississippi community.MethodsRelationships between fecal calprotectin levels (FC; biomarker of intestinal inflammation measured from stool samples), BMI‐for‐age/Height‐for‐age z‐scores (calculated from standard anthropometric measures), household income/size (from parent interviews), and parasitic worm (helminth) infection status (detected in stool samples by 18 s rRNA gene amplification/sequencing) were tested using bootstrap linear regression and ANOVA/ANCOVA tests.ResultsAbout 80% of sampled children had clinically elevated FC (> 50 μg/g). BMI z‐scores (95%CI = −154.63; −7.34) and household income (95%CI = −135.90; −16.44) were negatively associated with FC levels. Household size was positively associated with FC levels (95%CI = 4.65, 101.61). Helminth infections were detected (n = 6), with positive associations between infection and the FC level (p < 0.05) that were likely driven by two infected children with very high FC levels.ConclusionThe high levels of intestinal inflammation in this small sample of children suggest that gastrointestinal health disparities may appear in childhood. We explore how these disparities may be related to inequities in environmental exposures, nutritional and socioeconomic status, and barriers to medical care and resource access.
Tiny Titans: Nanobodies as Powerful Tools for TR‐FRET Assay Development
Authors: Connor Payne N. , Mazitschek Ralph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOwing to their exceptional sensitivity and specificity, assays based on time‐resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR‐FRET) have become increasingly popular in biomedical research. TR‐FRET assays are highly versatile and compatible with complex biological environments. However, the paucity of straightforward strategies for the selective installation of TR‐FRET donor fluorophores on target proteins, which is a critical requirement for most assay designs, has limited the potential and adaptation of this powerful technology. To address this issue, we have developed a versatile toolbox strategy based on CoraFluor‐1‐functionalized nanobodies. The target‐agnostic modular design simplifies the TR‐FRET donor‐labeling of epitope tags, fluorescent proteins and primary antibodies, including their use with endogenous proteins in lysates. Our strategy, which we extend to enable the seamless adaptation of split‐luciferase systems for TR‐FRET approaches, greatly facilitates the development and design of TR‐FRET assays for both target engagement studies and the quantification of proteins of interest with sub‐nanomolar sensitivity.
Thermal safety and thermal management of batteries
Authors: Rao Zhonghao , Lyu Peizhao , Du Peixing , He Deqing , Huo Yutao , Liu Chenzhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage is one of the critical technologies for energy storage, which is important for high‐efficiency utilization of renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. In addition to the higher energy density requirements, safety is also an essential factor for developing electrochemical energy storage technologies. Lithium‐ion batteries (Li‐ion batteries) are commercialized as power batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) because of their advantages (such as high energy density, long life span, etc.), while for future electrochemical energy storage markets, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) and lithium–air (Li–air) batteries can be promising candidates for high energy density requirements. Therefore, this paper summarizes the present or potential thermal hazard issues of lithium batteries (Li‐ion, Li–S, and Li–air batteries). Moreover, the corresponding solutions are proposed to further improve the thermal safety performance of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
A Nafion protective layer for stabilizing lithium metal anodes in working lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Zheng , Hou Li‐Peng , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Liu Quan‐Bing , Xiang Rong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are promising next‐generation energy storage devices due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, the parasitic reactions between lithium polysulfides and lithium metal anodes render lithium anodes extremely unstable during cycling and result in limited lifespan of working lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, a Nafion protective layer is fabricated for stabilizing lithium metal anodes in working lithium–sulfur batteries. The Nafion protective layer eliminates the parasitic reactions between lithium polysulfides and lithium metal anodes. Accordingly, the cycling lifespan of lithium–sulfur batteries is doubled to 92 cycles with the Nafion protective layer using high‐sulfur‐loading cathodes and ultrathin lithium metal anodes. This study describes an effective Nafion protective layer for stabilizing lithium metal anodes and provides a possible avenue for further protective layer design for achieving long‐cycling practical lithium–sulfur batteries.
Thermodynamic and kinetic insights for regulating molecular orientation in nonfullerene all‐small‐molecule solar cells
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Lu Haodong , Yin Yukai , Wang Kang , Wei Puxin , Song Chunpeng , Miao Zongcheng , Liang Qiuju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe molecular orientation has a profound influence on the performance of organic solar cells. Both donor and acceptor adopt face‐on orientation guarantees efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport, which is a key to achieving high device performance. However, the molecules usually adopt edge‐on orientation in some blend systems, take small molecules based on an oligothiophene (DRCN5T): fused‐ring electron acceptor based on indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]‐thiophene core and thienyl side‐chains (ITIC‐Th) blend, for instance, the orientation of DRCN5T is edge‐on, which is detrimental to the photophysical process of the device. Herein, a solid additive strategy, that is, adding N2200 as a nucleus for DRCN5T, was proposed, which combined the nucleation process with molecular diffusivity, thus realizing the orientation transformation of DRCN5T from edge‐on to face‐on. Consequently, the device performance was significantly improved, and a clear relationship between molecular orientation and energy loss/biomolecular recombination was established. More importantly, this study revealed not only the thermodynamic factors, including the crystallinity of solid additive, the lattice matching degree, and miscibility between DRCN5T and solid additive but also the kinetic parameter, such as the diffusivity of DRCN5T are very important to efficiently regulate the molecular orientation. Overall, this study presents the in‐depth mechanism of orientation transformation via adding solid additives, which may provide a guideline for solid additive choices.
Generation of Photocaged Nanobodies for Intracellular Applications in an Animal Using Genetic Code Expansion and Computationally Guided Protein Engineering**
Authors: O'Shea Jack M. , Goutou Angeliki , Brydon Jack , Sethna Cyrus R. , Wood Christopher W. , Greiss Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanobodies are becoming increasingly popular as tools for manipulating and visualising proteins in vivo. The ability to control nanobody/antigen interactions using light could provide precise spatiotemporal control over protein function. We develop a general approach to engineer photo‐activatable nanobodies using photocaged amino acids that are introduced into the target binding interface by genetic code expansion. Guided by computational alanine scanning and molecular dynamics simulations, we tune nanobody/target binding affinity to eliminate binding before uncaging. Upon photo‐activation using 365 nm light, binding is restored. We use this approach to generate improved photocaged variants of two anti‐GFP nanobodies that function robustly when directly expressed in a complex intracellular environment together with their antigen. We apply them to control subcellular protein localisation in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. Our approach applies predictions derived from computational modelling directly in a living animal and demonstrates the importance of accounting for in vivo effects on protein‐protein interactions.
Carbon‐encapsulated anionic‐defective MnO/Ni open microcages: A hierarchical stress‐release engineering for superior lithium storage
Authors: Lin Jia , Peng Yingying , Reddy Reddivari Chenna Krishna , Zeb Akif , Lin Xiaoming , Sun Yan‐Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRational manipulation of multicomponent materials into a sophisticated architecture is a prerequisite for developing lithium‐ion batteries. However, mechanical diffusion‐induced strain accumulation leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and anomalous structure instability, further resulting in inferior long‐term cyclability and rate performance. Herein, the von Mises stress distribution on open microcages composed of secondary nanoparticles (OCNs) is mechanically investigated by finite element simulation, which elucidates the pronounced stress‐release effect on OCNs architecture. Afterward, a facile metal–organic framework‐derived methodology is proposed for constructing multihierarchical carbon‐encapsulated oxygen vacancy‐enriched MnO/Ni OCNs (OV‐MnO/Ni OCNs). Due to structural and compositional integration, the OV‐MnO/Ni OCNs achieve extraordinary lithium storage performance with excellent reversible capacity (1905.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), ultrahigh cycling stability (1653.5 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 up to 600 cycles), and considerable rate capability (463.3 mAh g−1 even at 10 A g−1). The primary lithium storage mechanisms are further systematically determined by experimental and theoretical investigations. The enriched oxygen vacancies, metallic Ni configuration, and N‐doped carbonaceous matrix provide more active sites, construct omnidirectional diffusion pathways, suppress volume expansion, and boost electronic conductivity, thus yielding an exceptional diffusivity coefficient and expedited electrochemical kinetics. This study offers profound insights for the elaborate design of multicompositional electrodes into a mechanical stress‐release structure toward advanced energy storage application and development.
Spectroscopic, Crystallographic, and Electrochemical Study of Different Manganese(II)‐Substituted Keggin‐Type Phosphomolybdates
Authors: Raabe Jan‐Christian , Albert Jakob , Poller Maximilian J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdjusting the RedOx activity of polyoxometalate catalysts is a key challenge for the catalysis of selective oxidation reactions. For this purpose, the possibility of influencing the RedOx potential by the introduction of an additional RedOx‐active element was investigated. Thereby, Keggin‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) with up to three different elements in the metal framework were created. An advanced and reproducible synthetic procedure to incorporate MnII and additionally VV into Keggin‐type heteropolyacids alongside comprehensive characterization of the new molecules is presented. The success of our syntheses was confirmed by vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman) and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the new compounds were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy to investigate the characteristics of the POMs in solution. The structures of successfully crystalized compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, all synthesized compounds were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis to get further insights into the electronic transfer processes and redox potentials.