bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions in power generation using palm kernel shell
Authors: Sato Issei , Aikawa Takanobu , Goh Chun Sheng , Kayo Chihiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPalm kernel shell (PKS) utilization for power generation has greatly increased in Japan since the introduction of the feed‐in tariff (FIT) in 2012. However, the FIT fails to consider the entire palm industry while evaluating the environmental impacts of using PKS. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the life‐cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of power generation using PKS. We targeted two PKS‐firing power plants as these are the first two instances of the use of PKS in power plants in Japan. A system boundary was established to cover palm plantation management in Indonesia and Malaysia, as both power plants import PKS from these countries. The GHG emissions were derived from land‐use change, palm plantation, oil extraction, PKS transportation, and power plants. Six scenarios were examined for the emissions based on the type of land‐use change and the existence of biogas capture in oil extraction. CO2 emissions from PKS combustion were also calculated by assuming that carbon neutrality was lost because of cultivation abandonment. The GHG emissions in one scenario, where the plantations were replanted and continuously managed and no biogas capture implemented in oil extraction, exhibited an average of 0.134 kg‐CO2eq/kWh reduction in a plant in Kyushu District, and 0.043 kg‐CO2eq/kWh reduction in a plant in Shikoku District for liquid natural gas‐fired steam power generation, respectively. More than 65% of life‐cycle GHG emissions originate from biogas generated during oil extraction; thus, biogas capture is an effective strategy to reduce current emissions. In contrast, in the case of accompanying land‐use change or collapse of carbon neutrality, the emissions considerably exceeded those of fossil fuels. These findings indicated that the FIT fails to consider the risk of increased emissions or further substantial emission reductions. Therefore, the feasibility of FIT application to PKS needs to be re‐established by evaluating the entire PKS life cycle.
Refining a capability development framework for building successful consumer and staff partnerships in healthcare quality improvement: A coproduced eDelphi study
Authors: Cox Ruth , Kendall Melissa , Molineux Matthew , Miller Elizabeth , Tanner Bernadette 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe capability of consumers and staff may be critical for authentic and effective partnerships in healthcare quality improvement (QI). Capability frameworks describe core knowledge, skills, values, attitudes, and behaviours and guide learning and development at individual and organizational levels.ObjectiveTo refine a capability framework for successful partnerships in healthcare QI which was coproduced from a scoping review.DesignA two‐round eDelphi design was used. The International Expert Panel rated the importance of framework items in supporting successful QI partnerships, and suggested improvements. They also rated implementation options and commented on the influence of context.ParticipantsSeven Research Advisory Group members were recruited to support the research team. The eDelphi panel included 53 people, with 44 (83%) and 42 (77. 8%) participating in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. They were from eight countries and had diverse backgrounds.ResultsThe Research Advisory Group and panel endorsed the framework and summary diagram as valuable resources to support the growth of authentic and meaningful partnerships in QI across healthcare contexts, conditions, and countries. A consensus was established on content and structure. Substantial rewording included a stronger emphasis on growth, trust, respect, inclusivity, diversity, and challenging the status quo. The final capability development framework included three domains: Personal Attributes, Relationships and Communication, and Principles and Practices. The Equalizing Decision Making, Power, and Leadership capability was foundational and positioned across all domains. Ten capabilities with twenty‐seven capability descriptions were also included. The Principles and Practices domain, Equalizing Decision Making, Power, and Leadership capability, and almost half (44.4%) of the capability descriptions were rated as more important for staff than consumers (p < .01). However, only the QI processes and practices capability description did not meet the inclusion threshold for consumers. Thus, the framework was applicable to staff and consumers.ConclusionThe refined capability development framework provides direction for planning and provision of learning and development regarding QI partnerships.Patient or Public ContributionTwo consumers were full members of the research team and are coauthors. A Research Advisory Group, inclusive of consumers, guided study execution and translation planning. More than half of the panel were consumers.
Characterizing the research data management practices of NIH biomedical researchers indicates the need for better support at laboratory level
Authors: Syn Sue Yeon , Kim Soojung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe study investigated the research data management (RDM) practices of biomedical researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) representing various biomedical disciplines.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse the state of biomedical researchers' RDM practices based on RDM practice levels (individual, laboratory, institution and external). The findings of the study are expected to provide directions to information professionals for effective RDM services.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 11 researchers were conducted. The interviews were analysed by levels of RDM practices.ResultsThe findings revealed that biomedical researchers focus on storing and sharing data and that RDM is performed mainly at the individual level. There seems to be a lack of laboratory level RDM system that allows consistent RDM practices among researchers. External RDM practice is often challenged by not having one responsible for RDM.DiscussionFindings suggested a need for an agreed RDM system and customized support, particularly at the laboratory level. Also, institutional support can help researchers prepare for long term data preservation.ConclusionOur suggestions emphasize the importance of RDM training and support for long term data preservation, especially at the laboratory level.
Effects of protein oxidation on the rheological behaviour of different wheat flour
Authors: Li Bang‐Bang , Lv Yang‐Yong , Wei Shan , Zhang Shuai‐Bing , Zhao Ying‐Yuan , Hu Yuan‐Sen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWheat flour proteins are subject to oxidation reactions during production, processing and storage. The quality of protein and the rheological properties of wheat are crucial for the flour industry. However, the impact and mechanism of protein oxidised on wheat flour quality remain unclear. In this study, ozone was used to oxidise wheat grains, the secondary structure of protein in flour and the rheological properties of dough were analysed by FTIR and Mixolab. The proportion of α‐helix and β‐folding of protein were decreased significantly, as were the development time (DDT), stability time (DST) and protein weakening (C2) value of dough. Meanwhile, starch gelatinisation (C3), amylase activity (C4) and retrogradation (C5) were increased significantly, along with the elastic modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″). Microstructure analysis indicated that protein oxidation destroyed the gluten network structure in the dough. In addition, the L* value of dough was decreased and a* and b* values were increased significantly. The results showed that the oxidation of protein reduced the stability of protein secondary structure, weakened the structure and stability of the gluten network in dough, and changed the viscoelasticity and colour of dough. Overall, these findings provide a better understanding of rheological behaviour in wheat flour.
Behavioral factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Japan
Authors: Arashiro Takeshi , Arima Yuzo , Muraoka Hirokazu , Sato Akihiro , Oba Kunihiro , Uehara Yuki , Arioka Hiroko , Yanai Hideki , Yanagisawa Naoki , Nagura Yoshito , Kato Yasuyuki , Kato Hideaki , Ueda Akihiro , Ishii Koji , Ooki Takao , Oka Hideaki , Nishida Yusuke , Stucky Ashley , Miyahara Reiko , Smith Chris , Hibberd Martin , Ariyoshi Koya , Suzuki Motoi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relative burden of COVID‐19 has been less severe in Japan. One reason for this may be the uniquely strict restrictions imposed upon bars/restaurants. To assess if this approach was appropriately targeting high‐risk individuals, we examined behavioral factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the community.MethodsThis multicenter case–control study involved individuals receiving SARS‐CoV‐2 testing in June–August 2021. Behavioral exposures in the past 2 weeks were collected via questionnaire. SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive individuals were cases, while PCR‐negative individuals were controls.ResultsThe analysis included 778 individuals (266 [34.2%] positives; median age [interquartile range] 33 [27–43] years). Attending three or more social gatherings was associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.00 [95% CI 1.31–3.05]). Attending gatherings with alcohol (aOR 2.29 [1.53–3.42]), at bars/restaurants (aOR 1.55 [1.04–2.30]), outdoors/at parks (aOR 2.87 [1.01–8.13]), at night (aOR 2.07 [1.40–3.04]), five or more people (aOR 1.81 [1.00–3.30]), 2 hours or longer (aOR 1.76 [1.14–2.71]), not wearing a mask during gatherings (aOR 4.18 [2.29–7.64]), and cloth mask use (aOR 1.77 [1.11–2.83]) were associated with infection. Going to karaoke (aOR 2.53 [1.25–5.09]) and to a gym (aOR 1.87 [1.11–3.16]) were also associated with infection. Factors not associated with infection included visiting a cafe with others, ordering takeout, using food delivery services, eating out by oneself, and work/school/travel‐related exposures including teleworking.ConclusionsWe identified multiple behavioral factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, many of which were in line with the policy/risk communication implemented in Japan. Rapid assessment of risk factors can inform decision making.
The effect of different wound dressing materials used in postoperative treatment of wounds after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Yingjia , Li Jin , Wang Ke , Zheng Guanqiang , Chai Shengting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA meta‐analysis was performed to assess the effect of different wound dressing materials used in the postoperative treatment of wounds after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A systematic literature search up to January 2022 incorporated 16 trials involving 2765 subjects after THA or TKA at the beginning of the study: 1447 were using active and interactive dressings, and 1318 were using passive dressings. The statistical tools like the dichotomous or continuous method were used within a random or fixed‐influence model to establish the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the influence of different wound dressing materials used in postoperative treatment of wounds after THA and TKA. Active and interactive dressings had significantly lower overall wound complications (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.26–0.40, P < 0.001), number of dressing changes (MD, −1.53; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.96, P < 0.001), and early dressing change need (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04–0.47, P = 0.002) compared with passive dressings for subjects after THA and TKA. Active and interactive dressings had significantly lower overall wound complications, the number of dressing changes, and early dressing change need compared with passive dressings for subjects after THA and TKA. Furthermore, evidence is needed to confirm the outcomes.
Tunable broadband photoluminescence from bismuth‐doped calcium aluminum germanate glasses prepared in oxidizing atmosphere
Authors: Cao Jiangkun , Ding Yicong , Limbach René , Nozari Vahid , Sajzew Roman , Sun Minghui , Zhang Pengzhu , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTunable photoluminescence (PL) from transparent inorganic glass matrices is of interest for applications demanding a semitransparent photoconverter that does not elastically scatter incoming light. For this purpose, bismuth (Bi)‐doped optical materials exhibit unique spectral characteristics in terms of bandwidth and emission tunability. Here, we demonstrate a facile route for preparing such converters from Bi‐doped calcium‐aluminate and calcium‐aluminogermanate glasses. These glasses offer tunable PL across the near violet and visible‐to‐near‐infrared (NIR) spectral range, with an emission lifetime in the range of 300 μs. The addition of GeO2 exerts a decrease in optical basicity, which in turn enables the stabilization of NIR‐active low‐valence Bi species for broadband NIR PL.
Effect of incorporation of hafnium diboride nanofibers on thermomechanical properties of carbon fiber–phenolic composites
Authors: Ghelich Raziyeh , Jahannama Mohammad Reza , Abdizadeh Hossein , Vaezi Mohammad Reza , Torknik Fatemeh Sadat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon fiber/phenolic (C/Ph) composites were modified with different weight ratios of hafnium diboride (HfB2) nanofibers to apperceive thermomechanical properties of C/Ph–Hf nanocomposites. Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and ablation resistance of C/Ph–Hf nanocomposites were found to be optimum when the weight percentage of HfB2 was equal to one. Maximum flexural strength and modulus were obtained with 118 MPa and 1.9 GPa for C/Ph–1%Hf nanocomposite, respectively. Increasing the proportion of HfB2, by delaying the temperature of thermal degradation of nanocomposites, enhanced the thermal stability and residual of C/Ph–Hf relative to C/Ph in both nitrogen and air environments. In the oxyacetylene flame test at 2500°C for 160 s, the optimum mass ablation rate of C/Ph–1%Hf nanocomposites was found to be 0.0150 g/s compared to 0.068 g/s for blank C/Ph, along with reducing the back surface temperature by 51%. The ablation mechanism of C/Ph–Hf nanocomposites after the oxyacetylene torch test was concluded from the derivations obtained from X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and microstructure analyses. These clarified that the formation of high‐temperature species, such as HfO2, HfC, and B4C owing to oxidation of HfB2 and subsequent reaction products with char, resulted in an increased ablation resistance of the nanocomposites.
Influence of inversion level on the optical absorption spectra of Ti‐doped transparent MgGa2O4 ceramics
Authors: Zhang Guangran , Wu Yiquan , Shames Alexander I. , Goldstein Adrian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTi‐doped (0.08, 0.30, and 1.00 atomic% [at.%]) transparent MgGa2O4 ceramics (possessing a high inversion level; i up to 0.8) were fabricated by pulsed electric current sintering, at 950°C, under vacuum for 30–90 min. Optical transmission, emission, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were recorded. The maximal transmission level was ∼70% (820 nm), for a thickness of ∼1 mm, which, while not very high, permitted the observation of the optical absorption bands location and profile.Interpretation of the fluorescence spectra suggests that some Ti4+ cations (mostly hexacoordinated) were accommodated by the host despite the scarcity of oxygen in the atmosphere during the sintering process. The Ti3+ cations substitute native ions located in tetrahedral sites, distorting the original Td symmetry toward a D2d symmetry. Comparing the Ti‐doped MgGa2O4 (high inversion) and MgAl2O4 (low inversion) spinels, spectral characteristics revealed that a significant increase in the inversion level drives Ti3+ cations from octahedral toward tetrahedral sites. This is reflected in the optical absorption spectra by the disappearance of the band at ∼20 000 cm−1 (detectable in MgAl2O4) in MgGa2O4; the two d–d bands, of MgA2O4, in MgGa2O4 are reduced to a single one, located at 11 800 cm−1. These results, for MgGa2O4, strongly support a similar assignment—of the strong band at 12 800 cm−1, in Ti‐doped MgAl2O4—to a tetracoordinated Ti3+. Thus, while in MgAl2O4, Ti3+ appears in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordination and in MgGa2O4 only the latter state is stable. In both spinels, Ti dopant speciates into Ti3+ and Ti4+ cations.
Nuclear phylogeography reveals strong impacts of gene flow in big brown bats
Authors: Yi Xueling , Latch Emily K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimUnderstanding speciation mechanisms requires disentangling processes that promote and erode population‐level divergence. Three hypotheses are raised that contemporary population structure is mainly shaped by refugial isolation, gene flow or both. Testing these hypotheses requires range‐wide phylogeography and integrative analyses across scales. Here we aimed to (1) re‐estimate the previously unresolved nuclear divergence within a widespread bat; (2) test the above three phylogeographical hypotheses and (3) inform conservation management under climatic change.LocationNorth America including the Caribbean.TaxonThe big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus).MethodsWe collected range‐wide samples and genome‐wide markers using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Population structure was analysed by clustering methods and spatial estimations. Nuclear phylogeographical divergence was estimated using tree methods (concatenation and coalescence) and network analyses (TreeMix). Phylogeographical hypotheses were tested by comparing alternative evolutionary scenarios using demographic modelling. Species distribution modelling was used to help identify Pleistocene refugia and predict future range shifts under climatic change.ResultsWe identified three populations in the Caribbean, eastern and western North America. The western population further split into three phylogeographical clades: Pacific, southwestern North America and Mexico. Discordance among mitochondrial and nuclear topologies reflected strong impacts of gene flow without sex bias. Demographic modelling supported scenarios of historical isolation followed by secondary gene flow and estimated Holocene divergence times. Species distribution was essentially continuous during glaciation with possible regional isolation, and northward range shifts were predicted under future climatic change.Main ConclusionsContemporary population divergence of big brown bats was shaped by both historical isolation and secondary gene flow, supporting the third phylogeographical hypothesis. While climatic change likely triggered initial divergence, ongoing gene flow has largely impacted the dynamic within‐species evolution and generated population divergence without speciation.
Relation between the insulin lowering rate and changes in bone mineral density: Analysis among subtypes of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Suzuki Masaki , Urai Shin , Fukuoka Hidenori , Hirota Yushi , Yamamoto Masaaki , Okada Yuko , Yamamoto Naoki , Shichi Hiroki , Fujita Yasunori , Kanie Keitaro , Iguchi Genzo , Takahashi Yutaka , Ogawa Wataru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe bone mineral density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is reduced due to impaired insulin secretion. However, it is unclear whether the rate of bone mineral density reduction is affected by the type 1 diabetes mellitus subtype. This study aimed to clarify the difference in bone mineral density across type 1 diabetes mellitus subtypes: slowly progressive (SP), acute‐onset (AO), and fulminant (F).MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center, cross‐sectional study conducted on 98 adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. The main outcome included the bone mineral density Z‐score (BMD‐Z) measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck.ResultsThe lumbar spine BMD‐Z was lower in the acute‐onset than in the slowly progressive subtype (P = 0.03). No differences were observed when compared with the fulminant subtype. The femoral neck BMD‐Z tended to be higher in the slowly progressive than in the acute‐onset and fulminant subtypes. Multiple regression analyses showed that the lumbar spine BMD‐Z was associated with subtypes (AO vs SP) (P = 0.01), but not subtypes (F vs SP), adjusted for sex, duration, retinopathy, and C‐peptide immunoreactivity (CPR). When the patients were divided into disease duration tertiles, in the first and second tertiles, the CPR levels were lower in the acute‐onset or fulminant than in the slowly progressive subtype. In contrast, the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD‐Z differed between the acute‐onset and slowly progressive only in the second tertiles (both P < 0.01), with a similar tendency between the fulminant and slowly progressive subtypes.ConclusionsAmong the type 1 diabetes mellitus subtypes, bone mineral density undergoes time‐dependent changes, which reveals that the bone mineral density decline follows the impaired insulin secretion. These results provide novel insights into the association between the low insulin exposure duration and bone mineral density.
Effectiveness of an online program using telesimulation for academic–clinical collaboration in preparing nurse preceptors’ roles
Authors: Liaw Sok Ying , Rusli Khairul Dzakirin Bin , McKenna Lisa , Tan Jian Zhi , Lau Siew Tiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of an online program on nurse preceptors’ knowledge and self‐efficacy in their roles to support students’ clinical education, and to examine their online experience.BackgroundProfessional development of nurse preceptors is paramount to fostering work readiness of future graduate nurses on entering the workforce. The support from academic institutions in developing preceptors’ roles in clinical teaching and assessment is pivotal.DesignThis study employed a mixed‐methods design.MethodA total of 59 nurse preceptors from six healthcare institutions participated in an online preceptor program by collaborating with academic educators in facilitating student clinical learning and assessment through telesimulation following web‐based instruction. Pre‐test and post‐tests were administered to evaluate the preceptors’ knowledge and self‐efficacy in their roles. Survey questionnaires and focus group discussions were conducted to evaluate their online experience. SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines were applied.ResultsThe preceptors demonstrated significant improvements (p < .001) in knowledge and levels of self‐efficacy in their preceptor roles immediately and 1 month after the program. The following four themes emerged from their learning experiences: ‘interactive learning approach’, ‘academic–practice collaboration’, ‘better understanding of clinical assessment tool’ and ‘application of teaching strategies’. The preceptors reported positively on their motivation to learn using the web‐based instruction and on their telesimulation experience.ConclusionThe study findings demonstrated effectiveness and feasibility of an online preceptor program to enhance preceptors’ roles in supporting nursing students’ transition to clinical practice, using a mix of web‐based technologies to provide preceptors with self‐directed and experiential learning approaches.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributed to the development of an innovative online preceptor program that provided opportunity for academic–clinical collaboration and has broad applicability. The telesimulation created robust remote simulation experiences for preceptors, allowing them to collaborate with academic educators in facilitating students’ clinical practice amid the COVID‐19 pandemic.