bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Hydroxylated Graphite‐Like Film with Protein Regulation on PEEK for Integrated Bone‐Soft Tissue Therapy
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Wu Yinhao , Tan Ji , Liu Xingdan , Zhang Xianming , Qian Shi , Ding Rongxiang , Hou Zhiyu , Jiang Shuaiqi , Liu Xuanyong , Peng Xiaochun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is commonly used for skull repair, but it involves the risk of poor tissue integration and bacterial infection. Simultaneously endowing PEEK with comprehensive bone and soft tissue integration and antibacterial ability remains a challenge. Herein, a novel hydroxylated graphite‐like layer with protein regulation is constructed on PEEK through a simple hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (H‐PIII). The energy transfer between high‐energy hydrogen plasma and molecular chains induces the formation of graphite‐like structures with large conjugated systems on the surface of PEEK. In addition, the enhanced reducibility of hydrogen plasma at high implantation voltage converts oxygen‐containing functional groups on the material into phenolic hydroxyl structures. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the large conjugated systems can increase protein adsorption capacity, and phenolic hydroxyl groups can induce protein exposure to RGD binding sites by changing surface potential. As a consequence, it simultaneously enhances both bone and soft tissue integration capabilities by activating conservative integrin‐related pathways. In addition, the photothermal effect of this film can induce bacterial protein denaturation to kill bacteria under the stimulation of near‐infrared light. This study provides a new idea to endow PEEK polymer implants with integrated antibacterial and bone‐soft tissue therapies.
Reprogramming Glutamine Metabolism of Dendritic Cells Boosts Lymph Nodes Migration and Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Pan Yi , Jin Lulu , Yang Huang , Jian Danfeng , Kurlovich Ivan , Beluga Maksim , Stalybka Anastasia , Mou Xiaozhou , Zhu Yang , Mao Zhengwei , Li Xiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractType 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are key antigen‐presenting cells that efficiently activate CD8+ T cells, driving strong anti‐tumor immunity. cDC1s migration to the lymph node is a pivotal component. Previous studies often focused on enhancing dendritic cells (DCs) migration via the CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 – CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 19/21 pathway, while simultaneously increasing tumor cell metastasis. In this study, a new strategy is provided to accelerate DCs’ movement out of tumor by reprograming their glutamine metabolism without causing metastasis of tumor cells. cDC1s‐targeting peptide‐modified liposomes are used to precisely deliver a glutamine uptake receptor SLC38A2 messenger RNA (mRNA) to cDC1s, which increased their need for glutamine and strengthens their trophic gradient tendency toward the lymph nodes. In addition, cDC1s with SLC38A2 overexpression showed higher levels of maturation and activation. In vivo experiments demonstrate significant activation of CD8+ T cells and inhibition of tumor growth when systematic administration of such nanomedicine in mouse models of colorectal carcinoma. The results demonstrate a new insight into regulating DCs behavior, especially lymph node migration, for enhancing anti‐tumor immunity.
Toward the Customized Performance on a Supported Au4Ru2 Cluster Catalyst
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Li Tianchun , Lin Hongqiao , Huang Shuangshuang , Huang Xiao , Jing Yu , Zhu Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPrecisely constructing the catalyst structure and composition at the atomic level is highly desirable for unexpected properties, but is extremely challenging. The success in atomically precise nanochemistry provides an opportunity for the active site‐tailoring of the catalysts toward unique catalysis. Here, atomically monodisperse Au4Ru2(PPh3)2(SC2H4Ph)8 clusters are reported that anchored into the aerogel as heterogeneous catalysts for the carbonylation process of CO2 hydrogenation coupled with dimethylamine. The aerogel indeed provides a performance stage for the cluster, on which the Au sites in the cluster act as the active centers to participate in the synergistic activation and reaction of H2 and CO2, thereby promoting the formylation process toward N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), while the Ru sites play a decisive role in the sequent hydrogenation of the DMF to trimethylamine. Notably, the cluster catalyst can not only exhibit a high turnover number for the carbonylation reaction performed in the batch reactor, but also show a long‐term utilization in the flowing fixed‐bed system, which have not been documented in previous catalysts.
Active Crystal Facets Stabilization Strategy Achieves High‐rate Layered Metal Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Gao Chuan , Yu Yue , Wang Hangchao , Xiao Wukun , Cai Junfei , Luo Tie , Yuan Chonglin , Zuo Yuxuan , Xia Dingguo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLayered oxides store and release energy through the insertion and extraction of Li‐ions, and the diffusion rate of Li‐ions within these oxides directly affects the charging and discharging rates of Li‐ion batteries. Unlike previous approaches that focus on improving battery rate performance by reducing the size of active particles, this study synthesizes layered metal oxides with Mg embedded in the () active crystal facts (ACFTs), which feature an unsaturated coordination structure. This unique structure facilitates the reversible insertion of large quantities of Li‐ions at high rates. The rapid Li‐ion transfer, buffered volume expansion, and stable ACFT enable Li0.977Mg0.01CoO2 to deliver a specific capacity of 210 mAh g−1 in the 3–4.6V range at 1C, with 81% capacity retention after 300 cycles and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 shows a voltage decay of only 0.15 mV per cycle. This study unveils the stabilization mechanisms of ACFTs and proposes a universal strategy for synthesizing high‐rate cathode materials.
Canonical RETe3 (RE = Rare‐Earth Elements) with Charge Density Wave for Room Temperature Self‐Powered Photodetectors Spanning Mid‐Wave Infrared Band
Authors: Zhang Tianshuo , Yu Zhongyang , Gu Hao , Xiong Suifeng , Chen Yang , Gao Zesen , Wang Yunluo , Yang Yan , Sun Futing , Zhou Tianrui , Zhang Jingyu , Zhu He , Shan Yufeng , Chen Haijie , Dai Ning 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCharge density wave (CDW), as an ordered electronic state, typically leads to the opening of a narrow bandgap, which can be excited by relatively low‐energy photons, such as infrared light. Compounds with CDW, therefore, hold significant potential for high‐performance broadband photodetectors. In this work, rare‐earth tritellurides (RETe3, where RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Dy), a well‐known series with CDW transitions above room temperature, are investigated for the first time for room‐temperature, broadband, and self‐powered photodetection. RETe3‐based photodetectors demonstrate a broadband response spanning 380 to 4400 nm, covering the ultraviolet to mid‐wave infrared range. Notably, the DyTe3‐based photodetector achieves a responsivity of 27 mA W−1 at 3500 nm in the mid‐wave infrared region, with a detectivity of 1.26 × 109 Jones and a response time of 78 ms, comparable to photodetectors dominated by the photothermoelectric effect based on graphene. This work establishes RETe3 as a promising new family for low‐power, room‐temperature, and broadband photodetection applications.
Synergistic Effect of Mesoporous Carbon‐Based Framework with Sodiophilic Nanoparticles for Stable Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhu Hanqi , Yan Zerui , Wang Xucheng , Liu Weicheng , Guo Lin , Wei Qiulong , Wang Ming‐Sheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSodium metal anodes (SMAs), featuring high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potential, offer a feasible approach toward next‐generation high‐dense energy storage technology. However, the growth of Na dendrite and the sluggish kinetics of ion transport remain severe challenges for the practical use of SMAs. Herein, a hollow mesoporous carbon nanosheet anchored with sub‐10 nm SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2@HMCNS) is synthesized as an anode host to addresses the above issues. The sodiophilic SnO2 nanoseeds serve as nucleation sites to guide homogeneous Na deposition. Meanwhile, the open mesoporous channels not only promote the ion transport but also effectively stabilize the sodiophilic seeds and further reduce the nucleation overpotential, facilitating long‐term dendrite‐free Na deposition. Benefitting from these synergistic effects, the SnO2@HMCNS electrode enables a durable cycling of ≈1800 h for a high area capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2, and a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. Moreover, the SnO2@HMCNS||NVP full cells delivers superior electrochemical performance. Especially, the anode‐free sodium metal batteries achieved ≈80% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. This work provides valuable insight into the interplay between sodiophilic seeds and porous skeletons, which is beneficial to constructing stable high‐efficiency SMAs.
Tetrodotoxin Delivery Pen Safely Uses Potent Natural Neurotoxin to Manage Severe Cutaneous Pain
Authors: Cai Yuhao , Li Qi , Banga Ajay K. , Wesselmann Ursula , Zhao Chao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractClinically available therapies often inadequately address severe chronic cutaneous pain due to short anesthetic duration, insufficient intensity, or side effects. This study introduces a pen device delivering tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent neurotoxin targeting nerve voltage‐gated sodium channels, as a safe and effective topical anesthetic to treat severe chronic cutaneous pain. Chemical permeation enhancers, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and limonene (LIM), are incorporated to enhance TTX skin permeability. The device ensures precise TTX dosing down to the nanogram level, essential to avoid TTX overdose. In rats, the pen device treatment produces TTX‐dose‐dependent anesthetic effectiveness. An administration of 900 ng of TTX with SDS and LIM to the rat back skin produces a 393.25% increase (measurement limit) in the nociceptive skin pressure threshold, and the hypoalgesia lasts for 11.25 h, outperforming bupivacaine (28 µg), of which are 25.24% and under 1 h. Moreover, the pen device provides on‐demand therapy for multiple treatments, consistently achieving prolonged anesthesia over ten sessions (1 treatment per day) without noted toxicity. Furthermore, a single topical administration of 16 µg of TTX exhibits no TTX‐related toxicity in rats. The TTX delivery pen paves the way for clinical trials, offering a promising solution for severe cutaneous pain.
Generating Self‐Adjuvated Nanofiber Vaccines by Coating Bacterial Flagella with Antigens
Authors: Fu Zhenzhen , Lin Sisi , Chen Huan , Guo Haiyan , Li Juanjuan , Chen Yanmei , Lu Yue , Liu Jinyao , Huang Wei , Pang Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBacteria‐based vaccines have received increasing attention given the ability to induce strong systemic immune responses. However, the application of bacteria as therapeutic agents inevitably suffers from infection‐associated side effects due to the living characteristics. Here, the use of bacteria‐derived flagella is described to construct self‐adjuvated nanofiber vaccines. With the help of charge‐reversal mediated by decoration with cationic polymers, the flagella can be coated with negatively charged antigens through electrostatic interaction. By virtue of the large aspect ratio, the resulting nanofiber vaccines show prolonged retention at the injection site and increased uptake by dendritic cells and macrophages. Thanks to the innate immunogenicity, self‐adjuvated flagella robustly promote dendritic cell maturation and macrophage polarization, resulting in the elicitation of antigen‐specific T‐cell and B‐cell immune responses. In ovalbumin‐overexpressing melanoma‐bearing mice, immunization with ovalbumin‐carried vaccines not only exhibits a favorable tolerance, but also displays superior inhibition efficacies on tumor growth and metastasis separately under the therapeutic and prophylactic settings. The flexibility of this approach is further demonstrated for vaccine fabrication by coating with the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein S1 subunit. Bacterial flagella‐based self‐adjuvated nanofiber platform proposes a versatile strategy to develop various vaccines for disease prevention and treatment.
Red Phosphorescence at Elevated Temperatures Enabled by Dexter Energy Transfer in Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon‐Xanthone Systems
Authors: Yang Guangxin , Hao Subin , Dan Yuxin , Dang Li , Zhang Han , Zhang Qiang , Li Anze , Li Ming‐De , Yuan Wang Zhang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOrganic materials with red persistent phosphorescence hold immense promise for biotechnology due to their excellent tissue permeability and high signal‐to‐background ratios. However, inefficient spin‐orbit coupling, high triplet susceptibility, and narrow energy gapspromoted nonradiative deactivations, pose a formidable obstacle to achieving efficient red phosphorescence. This study addresses these challenges by introducing xanthone (Xan)‐based host–guest systems. Utilizing polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as guests, efficient red to near‐infrared (NIR) phosphorescent materials with ultralong lifetimes and high quantum yields of up to 821 ms and 2.32%, respectively, are successfully developed. Ultrafast spectroscopy and theoretical studies reveal that Dexter energy transfer (DET) is the dominant mechanism responsible for red phosphorescence. This DET process between Xan and PAHs not only effectively utilizes the dark triplet state of the Xan host but also significantly enhances the triplet generation of the PAH guests, transforming them into potent phosphorescent luminophores. Furthermore, the inherent rigidity of Xan and PAHs endows the resulting materials with excellent phosphorescence performance, even at elevated temperatures (e.g., 423 K). This strategy, proven to be general, paves the way for designing efficient red/NIR phosphorescent materials through the DET mechanism, enabling their applications in molecular imaging and advanced high‐temperature encryption.
Giant and Anisotropic Enhancement of Spin‐Charge Conversion in Graphene‐Based Quantum System
Authors: Anadón Alberto , Pezo Armando , Arnay Iciar , Guerrero Rubén , Gudín Adrián , Guio Alba , Yactayo Melissa , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Camarero Julio , Manchon Aurelien , Petit‐Watelot Sebastien , Perna Paolo , Rojas‐Sánchez Juan‐Carlos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ever‐increasing demand for efficient data storage and processing has fueled the search for novel memory devices. By exploiting the spin‐to‐charge conversion phenomena, spintronics promises faster and low power solutions alternative to conventional electronics. In this work, a remarkable 34‐fold increase in spin‐to‐charge current conversion is demonstrated when incorporating a 2D epitaxial graphene monolayer between iron and platinum layers by exploring spin‐pumping on‐chip devices. Furthermore, it is found that the spin conversion is also anisotropic. This enhancement and anisotropy is attributed to the asymmetric Rashba contributions driven by an unbalanced spin accumulation at the differently hybridized top and bottom graphene interfaces, as highlighted by ad‐hoc first‐principles theory. The improvement in spin‐to‐charge conversion as well as its anisotropy reveals the importance of interfaces in hybrid 2D‐thin film systems, opening up new possibilities for engineering spin conversion in 2D materials, leading to potential advances in memory, logic applications, or unconventional computing.
High‐Transmission Mid‐Infrared Bandpass Filters using Hybrid Metal‐Dielectric Metasurfaces for CO2 Sensing
Authors: Soliman Amr , Williams C , Hopper Richard , Udrea Florin , Butt Haider , Wilkinson Timothy D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is widely applied in many applications such as gas sensing, industrial inspection, astronomy, and imaging. While thin‐film narrowband interference filters are cost‐effective for MIR sensing, their complex fabrication limits their suitability for miniaturized systems. Plasmonic nanostructures, though explored for MIR applications, suffer from broad spectral responses and low efficiencies due to the ohmic losses inherent in metals. All‐dielectric metasurfaces, with low intrinsic losses, have been proposed as alternatives for MIR spectroscopy. However, their operation is typically limited to reflection mode. In this work, a hybrid metal‐dielectric metasurface operating in transmission mode for MIR spectroscopy is introduced. Composed of germanium (Ge) atop aluminium (Al) cylinders on a calcium fluoride (CaF2) substrate, the metasurface achieves high transmission efficiency (80%) at λ = 2.6 µm and a narrow full‐width‐half‐maximum of 0.4 µm. The transmission response arises due to the hybridization of modes between the Ge and Al structures. Numerical simulations are demonstrated, a straightforward fabrication method, and successful deployment as an in‐line optical filter for CO2 gas detection, achieving a detection limit of ≈0.04% (≈400 ppm). This work highlights the potential of hybrid metasurfaces as in‐line gas sensing filters in MIR spectroscopy.
A Conformationally Driven Mechanism in n‐Type Doping of Naphthalene Diimide‐Bithiophene Copolymer by 1H‐Benzimidazoles
Authors: Cimò Simone , Denti Ilaria , Rossi Lorenzo , Cassinelli Marco , Rossi Martina , Castagna Rossella , LeCroy Garrett , Salleo Alberto , Caironi Mario , Famulari Antonino , Castiglioni Chiara , Bertarelli Chiara 
Published: February 2025

AbstractN‐doped polymer semiconductors are of great interest in the field of organic thermoelectrics, as high‐conductive materials are still highly desired. In this framework, this paper aims to clarify whether the n‐doping of naphthalene diimide‐bithiophene copolymer, P(NDI2OD‐T2), by 1H‐benzimidazoles is a thermally activated process. The study interestingly demonstrates that a relevant change in conductivity, with an increase of more than three orders of magnitude with respect to pristine P(NDI2OD‐T2), occurs before the annealing process takes place, thus revealing that benzimidazole‐derived dopants are already active at room temperature. Moreover, despite the annealing time and temperature affecting the electrical conductivity of the system, their contribution is less relevant, with the increase of electrical conductivity limited to up to three times. The results from the electrical characterization of the samples are supported by infrared spectroscopy investigation and X‐ray analysis, revealing the marker bands of polaron and a manifest structural change between the undoped and the just‐doped P(NDI2OD‐T2) films, accompanied by only minor modifications during the annealing process. Finally, based on the results of density functional theory simulations, the conformational modifications of the 1H‐benzimidazole dopant molecules, induced by the interaction with the P(NDI2OD‐T2), are proposed as a possible mechanism explaining the effective doping at room temperature.
Laser Ultrafast Confined Alloying of Sub‐5 nm RuM (M = Cu, Rh, and Pd) Particles on Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hu Taiping , Zhang Dongshi , He Ningning , Wei Shuxian , Kang Xingyu , Zhang Wei , Cai Yunyu , Ye Yixing , Li Pengfei , Liang Changhao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThermodynamic immiscibility is a challenge for intermetallic alloying of sub‐5 nm Ru‐based alloys, which are excellent electrochemical catalysts for water splitting. In this study, nanosecond laser ultrafast confined alloying (LUCA) is proposed to break the immiscible‐to‐miscible transition limit in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported sub‐5 nm bimetallic RuM (M = Cu, Rh, and Pd) alloy nanoparticles (NPs). The alloying of non‐noble metal Cu with varying atomic ratios of RuCu alloys is appealing owing to the low price of Cu and cost‐effective synthesis for large‐scale practical applications. Benefiting from the synergistic alloying effect and resultant H/OH binding energy alteration, the Ru95Cu5/CNTs catalysts display excellent electrocatalytic alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with an overpotential of 17 mV and Tafel slope of 28.4 mV dec−1 at 10 mA cm−2, and high robustness over long‐term 5000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. The performance is much better than LUCA‐synthesized CNTs‐supported Ru86Rh14, Ru89Pd11, Ru, and Cu NPs catalysts, commercial benchmark 20% Pt/C, and other mainstream Ru‐based catalysts including wet chemistry‐synthesized RuRh particles (overpotential of 25 mV, Tafel slope of 47.5 mVdec−1) and RuCu/CNTs (overpotential of 39 mV) synthesized using the flash Joule heating method, indicating the great potential of LUCA for screening new classes of HER catalysts.
Unveiling the Capacity Enhancement Mechanism of Carbon Interlayers in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cheng Qian , Zhao Jia‐Jia , Chen Zi‐Xian , Bi Chen‐Xi , Sun Furong , Zhao Meng , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold prominent advantages of high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1 but suffer from insufficient sulfur conversions. Introducing carbon interlayers is an effective strategy especially in increasing the discharge capacity in coin cells. Nevertheless, the underlying capacity enhancement mechanism afforded by carbon interlayers remains unclear, hindering their further optimization and application in practical devices. Herein, different geometric configurations of carbon interlayers are designed to unveil the actual capacity enhancement mechanism. Through correlating the dead zone area of coin cells with the capacity enhancement afforded by carbon interlayers, re‐utilization of the lithium polysulfides diffused into the coin cell dead zones is identified as the primary cause while carbon interlayers are less effective in nearly dead‐zone‐free pouch cells. Therefore, carbon interlayers are more suitable as a platform for convenient and rapid activity evaluation of electrocatalysts tailored for Li–S batteries. This work re‐recognizes the working mechanism and practical applicability of carbon interlayers and guides rational employment of carbon interlayers in developing advanced Li–S batteries.