bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incarnation of global citizenship education in an Algerian secondary education textbook
Authors: Sahli Naima , Belaid Louiza 
Published: March 2022

This research examines the extent to which the Algerian secondary education textbook represents the ideals of global citizenship education. It targets the textbook coverage of GCE themes, and if the tasks’ objectives tackled global citizenship competency respectively. The present study is built on content analysis in which second-year English language textbooks are scanned. The study employs a combination of Sharma’s framework for value-creating global citizenship education and UNESCO’s (2015) framework. It also relies on the PISA framework for the evaluation of global competency. The findings indicate that this textbook sufficiently covers the themes of global citizenship education. However, it requires additions concerning updated trends to face climate change. The textbook activities focus on fostering the four dimensions of global citizenship education competency, with a particular emphasis on productive skills in which the pupils can have their approach to current global issues.

Keywords: Algerian Textbook; EFL; Global citizenship; Global competency; Secondary education.
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE FACTORS ON DIARRHEA CASES IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS BEFORE AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN BANJARMASIN
Authors: Budiyanto Budiyanto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Background: Diarrhea still become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children, especially under 5 years. Anthropogenic climate change, mainly due to global warming process, is expected to change the epidemiological pattern of infectious diseases, including diarrhea. COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred globally since March 2020 may also have an impact. Banjarmasin as a city in a wetland area with tropical savanna climate that also affected by COVID-19 pandemic is also at risk. We conducted a research to study the influence of climate factors on diarrhea cases in children under 5 years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Banjarmasin.Methods: Data of monthly diarrhea cases in children under 5 years at public health centers from Banjarmasin City Health Office and monthly climate data (amount of rainfall, number of rain days, temperature, humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed) from BMKG and BPS between January 2010 to April 2021 were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the correlation between climate factors and diarrhea cases before and after COVID-19 pandemic.Results: There was a decrease in the average monthly visits of children under five years with diarrhea before (497 ±47.4) and after (132 ±45.8) COVID-19 pandemic. Among climate factors, amount of rainfall (r=-0.753; p=0.005), number of rain days (r=-0.774; p=0.003), and humidity (r=-0.590; p=0.044) were negatively correlated, while sunshine duration (r=0.674; p=0.016) was positively correlated with diarrhea cases in the period before COVID-19 pandemic. No correlation was found between any climate factor and diarrhea cases in the subsequent period.Conclusion: Diarrhea cases in children under 5 years in Banjarmasin tend to increase in dry season, however during COVID-19 pandemic there were some changes in society, such as working from home, reluctance to go to health facilities which might affect the usual trend. Keywords: Anthropogenic climate change; Climate factors; COVID-19 pandemic; Diarrhea under 5 years; Wetland
Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans
Authors: Misra Supriya , Etkins Onisha S. , Yang Lawrence H. , Williams David R. 
Published: March 2022

Psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder) are a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality and an overlooked health inequity in the United States. European data indicate inequities in incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders, particularly for Black communities, that appear to be primarily attributable to social adversities. The dominant US narrative is that any observed differences are primarily a result of clinician bias and misdiagnosis.We propose that employing the framework of structural racism will prompt European and US research to converge and consider the multifaceted drivers of inequities in psychotic disorders among Black Americans. In particular, we describe how historical and contemporary practices of (1) racialized policing and incarceration, and (2) economic exploitation and disinvestment, which are already linked to other psychiatric disorders, likely contribute to risks and experiences of psychotic disorders among Black Americans.This framework can inform new strategies to (1) document the role of racism in the incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders; and (2) dismantle how racism operates in the United States, including defunding the police, abolishing carceral systems, and redirecting funds to invest in neighborhoods, housing, and community-based crisis response and mental health care. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):624–632. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306631 )
Cannabis Use Among Young Adults in Washington State After Legalization of Nonmedical Cannabis
Authors: Kilmer Jason R. , Rhew Isaac C. , Guttmannova Katarina , Fleming Charles B. , Hultgren Brittney A. , Gilson Michael S. , Cooper Rachel L. , Dilley Julia , Larimer Mary E. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To examine changes in prevalence of cannabis use and of cannabis use disorder symptomatology among young adults from 2014 to 2019 in Washington State, where nonmedical (or “recreational”) cannabis was legalized in 2012 and retail stores opened in July 2014. Methods. We used 6 years of cross-sectional data collected annually from 2014 (premarket opening) to 2019 from 12 963 (∼2000 per year) young adults aged 18 to 25 years residing in Washington. Logistic regression models estimated yearly change in prevalence of cannabis use at different margins and related outcomes. Results. Prevalence of past-year, at least monthly, at least weekly, and daily use of cannabis increased for young adults, although increases were driven by changes among those aged 21 to 25 years. There was also a statistically significant increase in prevalence of endorsing at least 2 of 5 possible symptoms associated with cannabis use disorder. Conclusions. Among young adults in Washington, particularly those of legal age, prevalences of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder symptomatology have increased since legalization. This trend may require continued monitoring as the nonmedical cannabis market continues to evolve. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):638–645. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306641 )
Spatial Distribution of Hateful Tweets Against Asians and Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic, November 2019 to May 2020
Authors: Hohl Alexander , Choi Moongi , Yellow Horse Aggie J. , Medina Richard M. , Wan Neng , Wen Ming 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To illustrate the spatiotemporal distribution of geolocated tweets that contain anti-Asian hate language in the contiguous United States during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We used a data set of geolocated tweets that match with keywords reflecting COVID-19 and anti-Asian hate and identified geographical clusters using the space-time scan statistic with Bernoulli model. Results. Anti-Asian hate language surged between January and March 2020. We found clusters of hate across the contiguous United States. The strongest cluster consisted of a single county (Ross County, Ohio), where the proportion of hateful tweets was 312.13 times higher than for the rest of the country. Conclusions. Anti-Asian hate on Twitter exhibits a significantly clustered spatiotemporal distribution. Clusters vary in size, duration, strength, and location and are scattered across the entire contiguous United States. Public Health Implications. Our results can inform decision-makers in public health and safety for allocating resources for place-based preparedness and response for pandemic-induced racism as a public health threat. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):646–649. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306653
High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma of the Sciatic Nerve That Mimicked a Schwannoma
Authors: Richards Alexandra R. , Lee Linus , Gusho Charles , Blank Alan T. 
Published: March 2022

Case:
A 41-year-old woman with a history of high-grade B-cell lymphoma status-post chemotherapy was evaluated for a painful left posterior thigh mass and significant weakness with sensory changes. Imaging revealed a benign-appearing mass consistent with schwannoma; however, intraoperative frozen section suggested high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Subsequent restaging studies revealed metastatic disease.

Conclusion:
A history of lymphoma warrants careful investigation of a posterior thigh mass, despite imaging findings consistent with nerve sheath tumor. Surgical removal of lymphomas of the nerve often proves futile, so these lesions are usually managed with medical treatment or radiation.
Profound Hypercalcemia Associated with Acute Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy After Calcium Sulfate Bead Use
Authors: Sabharwal Samir , Schmerler Jessica , Thakkar Savyasachi C. 
Published: March 2022

Case:
We present the case of an 81-year-old woman who developed profound hypercalcemia requiring admission to the intensive care unit after calcium sulfate bead use during revision hip arthroplasty. The patient's serum calcium level peaked at 21.0 mg/dL and was associated with acute encephalopathy. After treatment with calcitonin and bisphosphonates, her serum calcium level normalized and her mentation improved.

Conclusion:
The risk of clinically significant hypercalcemia should be considered when using calcium sulfate during orthopaedic surgery.
Examining Trends in Black-White Disparity in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries among Pregnancy-Related Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Hernandez Ayleen , Miranda Laura , Salihu Hamisu 
Published: March 2022

The proportion of women with traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries (tSCI) is increasing globally, yet there is a dearth of data in the literature on female-specific health conditions, such as pregnancy, in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, we sought to fill the gap in the literature regarding racial differences in the trends of tSCI among hospitalized pregnant women. Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data, all hospitalizations among pregnant women with tSCI were identified. Joinpoint regression analyses were utilized to examine the temporal trends in the rates of tSCI among the entire pregnant hospitalized population in the US during the 10-year study period of 2009-2018. We compared the tSCI hospitalization trends between non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks and NH-Whites. Overall, there was an increase in the rates of tSCI in the entire pregnant population, during the study period (Average annual percentage change [AAPC]: 7.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 13.4). The rates of tSCI were consistently higher in NH-Blacks in comparison to NH-Whites. More public health policies should be directed at preventing acute tSCIs during pregnancy and physicians should understand how to meet the needs of pregnant patients with tSCI, especially those who belong to racial/ethnic minority groups.

Copyright © 2022 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Sex and Age-Based Differences in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Hospitalizations in the United States, 2009-2018
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Moriel Karla , Wiafe Kobby , Salihu Hamisu 
Published: March 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the fifth-worst five-year overall survival by cancer type in the United States, and the prognosis is shown to vary by age and sex. However, published data exploring temporal trends in the rates of hospitalization by sex and prognosis patterns incorporating both age and sex remains limited. Therefore, we investigated trends of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) hospitalization rates by sex and the differences in the AML hospitalization rates by sex and age in the adult population using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for the years 2009-2018. We examined the differences in rates of AML hospitalizations by sex and age. Next, we stratified the study duration into two groups of five years each: 2009-2013 and 2014-2018 and examined the differences in age and sex across the study period and groups. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were conducted to determine the statistically significant differences in these bivariate comparisons. Overall, during the entire study period, we observed an increased rate of hospitalizations in males, when compared with their female counterparts. The highest AML hospitalization rate for both males and females was observed in the age group of 60-79 years; males accounted for 33.8 per 10,000 hospitalizations and females accounted for 23.3 per 10,000 hospitalizations. The greatest difference in hospitalization rates by age group and sex was observed in 18-39 years (males: 23.6 per 10,000 hospitalizations, females: 7.7 per 10,000 hospitalizations [p-value=<0.01]). The trend in the prevalence of AML hospitalizations by age or sex remains unchanged irrespective of the 5-year study period group. The results from this study would prove vital in directing the decision-making process for healthcare providers and AML patients alike as they work in tandem to navigate the complexities of AML and everything it entails.

Copyright © 2022 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Characterization of Wormhole Growth and Propagation Dynamics During Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) Processes by Integrating Rate Transient Analysis and a Pressure-Gradient-Based Sand Failure Criterion
Authors: Jiang Liwu , Liu Jinju , Liu Tongjing , Yang Daoyong 
Published: March 2022

Summary
In this work, theoretical models have been formulated, validated, and applied to characterize the dynamic wormhole growth and propagation dynamics during cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) processes by integrating rate transient analysis (RTA) and a pressure-gradient-based (PGB) sand failure criterion. More specifically, a coupling fluid-solid flow model is proposed by incorporating the recently proposed PGB sand failure criterion with sand production. Then, the source function method is applied to solve the fluid flow problem in the matrix subsystem by considering each generated wormhole segment as a sink source, while the finite difference method is applied to solve the fluid-sand flow problem in the wormhole subsystem. The sand failing at each segment is induced and propagated once the PGB sand failure criterion has been reached. Furthermore, transient-rate-type curves are generated to determine the dynamic wormhole network conditioned to the measured fluids and sand production profiles. Also, effects of the PGB sand failure criterion and reservoir properties on the transient rate behavior for CHOPS wells can be examined and analyzed. A gradual increase in the production rate profile occurs at the early times due to the wormhole growth and propagation. The wormhole network can be dynamically characterized by matching both the sand production rate and transient fluid production rate. The former is found to be greatly affected by the breakdown pressure gradient, while the effective wormhole coverage and intensity dominate the latter. Once the transient rate responses for both static and dynamic wormhole networks are validated with numerical simulation, the newly proposed method has been extended to field applications under various constraints, demonstrating that the fluid and sand production data of CHOPS wells can be integrated to accurately characterize the dynamic wormhole network within a unified, consistent, and efficient framework.
Fracture’s Impact on the Recovery of Hydrocarbon from Low-Permeability Rock’s Pores: New Insights from 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiment
Authors: Dong X. , Shen L. W. , Liu B. , Cui L. , Ostadhassan M. , Pan Z. , Li H. 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Successful examples of hydraulic fracturing (HF) have led to a general consensus that fractures enhance hydrocarbon production as it connects isolated pockets filled with oil. However, the fracture’s impact on the hydrocarbon recovery from rock’s pores, which can account for a significant amount, is not well studied but experimentally investigated here. Uniquely, we fill our samples' fractures with a slime made of guar gum and heavy water (D2O). Such slime cannot penetrate into pores, and the heavy water does not generate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals detectable by our apparatus. Using such slime as a fracture filling material allows us to isolate and eliminate the NMR signals from fractures. Subsequent huff ‘n’ puff (HnP) experiments show that fracture results in a decline of the total HnP recoverable oil. We reasoned that fracture reduces the treatment gas’ sweeping efficiency. This issue can be partially mitigated by injecting N2 instead of CO2; N2 can enter rock’s pores more efficiently as a treatment agent. Nevertheless, N2 HnP still suffers a noticeable reduction in the total recovery for samples with smaller pores. Our experiments provide an important new insight into the development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Maximizing fracture intensity in the field HF operation may negatively impact the later HnP oil recovery. At last, this observation is only possible with our unique experiment design; a misleading and opposite finding will be reached if one directly compares the results from before and after fracturing the samples. We reinforce that pore structures are changed during the fracturing process in our experiment (and possibly other researchers’ work); such change needs to be properly accounted for to assess fracture’s impact on pore fluid movement fairly.
Ni-catalyzed Benzylic β-C(sp3)−H Bond Activation of Formamides
Authors: ye mengchun , Wang Rong-Hua , Wu Hongli , Li Yue , Li Jiang-Fei , Zhang Tao , Huang Genping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The development of transition metal-catalyzed β-C−H bond activation via highly-strained 4-membered metallacycles has been a formidable task. So far, only scarce examples have been reported to undergo β-C−H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles, and all of them rely on precious metals. In contrast, earth-abundant and inexpensive 3d transition metal-catalyzed β-C−H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles still remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we report a phosphine oxide-ligated Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to activate secondary benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds of formamides via 4-membered nickelacycles, providing a series of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams in up to 97% yield.
Missing Samples Estimation of Synthetic ECG Signals by FCM-based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (FCMANFIS)
Authors: Aghdam Asghar Dabiri , Dabanloo Nader Jafarnia , Rahatabad Fereidoun Nooshiravan , Maghooli Keivan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an estimation of missed samples recovery of Synthetic electrocardiography (ECG) signals by an ANFIS (Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) method after designing the ANFIS model using FCM (Fuzzy C Means) clustering method. In MATLAB’s standard library for ANFIS, only least-square-estimation and the back-propagation algorithms are used for tuning membership functions and generation of fis (fuzzy inference system) file, but at current work, we have used the FCM method that shows better results. Root mean square error (difference of the reference input and the generated data by ANFIS) for the three synthetic data cases are: a. Train data: RMSE = 1.7112e-5 b. Test data: RMSE = 5.184e-3 c. All data: RMSE = 2.2663e-34
High flow nasal cannula therapy with sequential noninvasive ventilation versus noninvasive ventilation alone as the initial ventilatory strategy in acute COPD exacerbations: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Shuai , Walline Joseph Harold , Zhu Huadong , Li Yan , Wang Chunting , Liu Jihai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the recommended mode of ventilation used in acute respiratory failure secondary to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Recent data has shown that high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment can be an alternative for patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HFNC with Sequential NIV versus NIV alone as the initial ventilatory strategy in AECOPD.Methods: This investigator-initiated, randomized, unblinded, single center, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in the emergency department, emergency intensive care unit, or respiratory intensive care unit of a tertiary-care urban teaching hospital. A total of 66 patients will be enrolled and randomized into the intervention group (HFNT with sequential NIV) or the control group (NIV group). The primary endpoint will be the mean difference in PaCO2 from baseline to 24 hours after randomization. Secondary endpoints include the mean difference in PaCO2 from baseline to 6, 12, and 18 hours, as well as the dyspnea score, overall discomfort score, rate of treatment failure, respiratory rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, length of hospital stay, and mortality.Discussion: Taking the advantages of both HFNC and NIV on AECOPD patients into account, we designed this clinical trial to investigate the combination of these ventilatory strategies. This trial will help us understand how HFNC with sequential NIV compares to NIV alone in treating AECOPD patients.Clinical trial registration:ChiCTR2100054809
WITHDRAWN: Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Follow-up Micro-hammer Forging Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xiong Xiaochen , Qin Xunpeng , Hua Lin , Hu Zeqi , Yang Shiming , Ni Mao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aiming at mitigating the problem of coarse grains and poor mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a variant additive and equivalent hybrid manufacturing technology named follow-up micro-hammer forging (FMF) WAAM is proposed. By employing a multi-DOF industrial robot, the hammer head can synchronously follow the welding gun in a close distance, and the high-density micro-hammer forging is carried out on every deposited weld when the temperature is slightly higher than austenite recrystallization temperature. The larger plastic deformation is introduced to the welds with a smaller hammering force at the temperature. The macro and micro influence of the FMF process is investigated by establishing welding synchronously followed by micro-hammer forging plastic deformation thermal-structural coupling finite element analysis (FEA) model and carrying out experiments. The microstructure and fracture surface are analysed by using OM and SEM. The results show that by introducing the FMF process at 980℃, the stress state and microstructure are improved, and the strength of deposited layers increase significantly. The tensile stress is changed to be compressive stress. The grain size decreases gradually from the bottom deposited layer to the top one showing a genetic evolution law from layer to layer, and the top deposited layer grain size is refined from grade 1 to 7 under the combined influence of recrystallization and co-generation crystallization mechanism. The research conclusions can provide some theoretical guidance for the updating and developing of the hybrid additive manufacturing technology.