bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does leaf gas exchange correlate with petiole xylem structural traits in Ulmus laevis seedlings under well-watered and drought stress conditions?
Authors: Gebauer Roman , Urban Josef , Volařík Daniel , Matoušková Marie , Vitásek Roman , Houšková Kateřina , Hurt Václav , Pantová Petra , Polívková Terezie , Plichta Roman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Several studies have shown that petiole xylem structure could be an important predictor of leaf gas exchange capacity, but the question of how petiole xylem structure relates to leaf gas exchange under different environment conditions remains unresolved. Moreover, knowledge of the amount of leaf gas exchange and structural variation that exists within a single species is also limited. In this study, we investigated the intraspecies coordination of leaf gas exchange and petiole xylem traits in 2-year-old seedlings of Ulmus laevis Pall. under well-watered and drought conditions. It was found that all studied petiole xylem traits of the elm seedlings were positively correlated with each other. This shows that the development of petiole xylem structure is internally well-coordinated. Nevertheless, the lower correlation coefficients between some petiole xylem traits indicate that the coordination is also individually driven. Drought stress reduced all studied leaf gas exchange traits and significantly increased intraspecies variation. In addition, drought stress also shifted the relationships between physiological traits and exhibited more structure–function relationships. This indicates the importance of petiole xylem structure in dictating water loss during drought stress and could partly explain the inconsistencies between leaf structure–function relationships studied under optimal conditions. Although several structure–function traits were related, the wide ranges of correlation coefficients indicate that the internal coordination of these traits substantially differs between individual elm seedlings. These findings are very important in the context of expected climatic change, as some degree of intraspecies variation in structure–function relationships could ensure the survival of some individuals under different environmental conditions.
Profiling of phytohormones in apple fruit and buds regarding their role as potential regulators of flower bud formation
Authors: Milyaev Anton , Kofler Julian , Moya Yudelsy Antonia Tandron , Lempe Janne , Stefanelli Dario , Hanke Magda-Viola , Flachowsky Henryk , von Wirén Nicolaus , Wünsche Jens-Norbert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractApple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cropping behavior, if not regulated, is often manifested by high yields of small-sized fruit in so called ON-years, which are usually followed by strongly reduced crop loads in OFF-years. Such cropping pattern is defined as biennial bearing and causes significant losses in apple production. The growth of apple fruit overlaps with the formation of flower buds, which remain dormant until the following spring. Earlier works proposed that some fruit-derived mobile compounds, as e.g., phytohormones, could suppress flower bud formation that thereby leads to biennial bearing. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing 39 phytohormones in apple seeds, fruit flesh and by measuring phytohormone export from the fruits of the biennial bearing cultivar ‘Fuji’ and of the regular bearing cultivar ‘Gala’. Moreover, we analyzed the same compounds in bourse buds from fruiting (ON-trees) and non-fruiting (OFF-trees) spurs of both apple cultivars over the period of flower bud formation. Our results showed that apple fruit exported at least 14 phytohormones including indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin A3; however, their influence on flower bud formation was inconclusive. A gibberellin-like compound, which was detected exclusively in bourse buds, was significantly more abundant in bourse buds from ON-trees compared with OFF-trees. Cultivar differences were marked by the accumulation of trans-zeatin-O-glucoside in bourse buds of ‘Gala’ ON-trees, whereas the levels of this compound in ‘Gala’ OFF were significantly lower and comparable to those in ‘Fuji’ ON- and OFF-trees. Particular phytohormones including five cytokinin forms as well as abscisic acid and its degradation products had higher levels in bourse buds from OFF-trees compared with ON-trees and were therefore proposed as potential promotors of flower bud initiation. The work discusses regulatory roles of phytohormones in flower bud formation in apple based on the novel and to date most comprehensive phytohormone profiles of apple fruit and buds.
Integrated viral elements suggest the dual lifestyle of Tetraselmis spp. Polinton-like viruses
Authors: Chase Emily E , Desnues Christelle , Blanc Guillaume 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, we aimed at exploring horizontal gene transfer between viruses and Chlorodendraceae green algae (Chlorophyta) using available genomic and transcriptomic sequences for twenty algal strains. We identified a significant number of genes sharing a higher sequence similarity with viral homologues, thus signalling their possible involvement in horizontal gene transfers with viruses. Further characterization showed that many of these genes were clustered in DNA regions of several tens to hundreds of kilobases in size, originally belonging to viruses related to known Tetraselmis spp. viruses (TetV and TsV). In contrast, the remaining candidate HGT genes were randomly dispersed in the algal genomes, were more frequently transcribed, and belonged to large multigene families. The presence of homologues in Viridiplantae suggested that the latter were more likely of algal rather than viral origin. We found a remarkable diversity in polinton-like virus (PLV) elements inserted in Tetraselmis genomes, all of which were most similar to the Tetraselmis striata virus (TsV). The genes of PLV elements are transcriptionally inactive with the notable exception of the homologue of the TVSG_00024 gene of TsV whose function is unknown. We suggest that this gene may be involved in a sentinel process to trigger virus reactivation and excision in response to an environmental stimulus. Altogether, these results provide evidence that TsV-related viruses have a dual lifestyle, alternating between a free viral phase (i.e. virion) and a phase integrated into host genomes.
Evaluation of Vasopressor Dose and the Incidence of Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Holt Katlyn R. , Short Marintha R. , Berger Steven C. , McCalla Anna W. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate risk factors associated with vasopressor use and development of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs).

METHODS:
The researchers conducted a retrospective chart review in a 12-bed medical ICU at a community hospital. A total of 123 patients who received a minimum of 24 hours of continuous vasopressor administration between January 2017 and January 2019 were included. The primary outcomes assessed were vasopressor dose and HAPI incidence, with a subgroup analysis based on type. Secondary outcomes included quantity of vasopressors, duration, mean arterial pressure, mechanical ventilation, time to injury, severity, and location.

RESULTS:
The overall incidence of HAPIs was 20.3%, with 17% incidence in the low-dose cohort and 22.4% in the high-dose cohort (P = .317). There were no differences in the subgroup analysis based on vasopressor type. The most common locations for injuries were the sacrum and coccyx, with the majority being stage 1 or 2 based on the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel severity staging. No correlations were found between HAPI incidence and factors such as multiple vasopressors use, mechanical ventilation, mean arterial pressure, or duration of vasopressor administration. The documentation of time to injury was significantly shorter in the high-dose cohort compared with the low-dose cohort (157.58 vs 330.86 hours, P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of HAPIs did not differ between the low- and high-dose vasopressor cohorts. However, patients who received higher doses of vasopressors had documented pressure injuries sooner than the low-dose cohort, emphasizing the importance of close monitoring for HAPIs in patients receiving vasopressors.
Staff knowledge of orthostatic vital signs measurement
Authors: Schell Kathleen , Lyons Denise L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine the nursing staff's knowledge of the proper procedure for measuring orthostatic vital signs.

Methods:
The Knowledge of Orthostatic Vital Signs Survey was sent via email to direct staff on 31 patient-care units in a large hospital system.

Results:
Eighty percent of the participants were RNs and 12% were unlicensed assistants. Survey results showed that many respondents did not know how to properly size the cuff and were uncertain about the timing of measurements with position changes. Fifty-seven percent of respondents did not correctly identify abnormal findings with regard to the systolic BP, but 80% were aware of the diastolic BP drop in orthostatic hypotension.

Conclusion:
This survey identified gaps in the staff's knowledge about the proper procedure for measuring orthostatic vital signs.
Nursing Resources Linked to Postsurgical Outcomes for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: French Rachel , McHugh Matthew D. , Aiken Linda H. , Compton Peggy , Meghani Salimah H. , Brooks Carthon J. Margo 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To determine whether better nursing resources (ie, nurse education, staffing, work environment) are each associated with improved postsurgical outcomes for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Background:
Hospitalized patients with OUD are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Evidence suggests that adverse postsurgical outcomes may be mitigated in hospitals with better nursing resources, but this has not been evaluated among surgical patients with OUD.

Methods:
Cross-sectional (2015–2016) data were utilized from the RN4CAST-US survey of hospital nurses, the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of hospitals, and state patient hospital discharge summaries. Multivariate logistic and zero-truncated negative binomial regression models were employed to examine the association between nursing resources and 30-day readmission, 30-day in-hospital mortality, and length of stay for surgical patients with OUD.

Results:
Of 919,601 surgical patients in 448 hospitals, 11,610 had identifiable OUD. Patients with compared to without OUD were younger and more often insured by Medicaid. Better nurse education, staffing, and work environment were each associated with better outcomes for all surgical patients. For patients with OUD, each 10% increase in the proportion of nurses with a bachelor’s degree in nursing was associated with even lower odds of 30-day readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88; P = 0.001), and each additional patient-per-nurse was associated with even lower odds of 30-day readmission (OR = 1.09; P = 0.024).

Conclusions:
All surgical patients fare better when cared for in hospitals with better nursing resources. The benefits of having more nurses with a bachelor’s degree and fewer patients-per-nurse in hospitals appear greater for surgical patients with OUD.
Sagittal Balance Using Position and Orientation of Each Vertebra in an Asymptomatic Population
Authors: Gille Olivier , Skalli Wafa , Mathio Paul , Kouyoumdjian Pascal , Boishardy Alice , Gajny Laurent , Roscop Cecile 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
A monocentric, retrospective radiographic study with 99 asymptomatic volunteers.

Objective.
The authors performed the postural analysis commonly scheduled when evaluating sagittal balance in a vertebra-by-vertebra manner by enrolling an asymptomatic population. They measured the position and angulation of each vertebra to reveal those for which the spatial positioning could be relevant during spinal surgeries.

Summary of Background Data.
Several recent publications detailed the sagittal alignment parameters and focus on global analysis parameters. Some patients with identical commonly evaluated spinal parameters have exhibited very different profiles, with notable differences in vertebral positions and orientations. Therefore, a fine segmental analysis of position of each vertebra could be interest to gain understanding of spine alignment.

Materials and Methods.
The authors obtained full-spine EOS x-rays of 99 volunteers in the standard free-standing position. We used a validated three-dimensional reconstruction technique to extract current spinal parameters and the positions and angulations of all vertebrae and lumbar discs. Particular attention was paid to the positions and angulations of the apical and transitional vertebrae in the general population and in subgroups according to pelvic incidence (PI).

Results.
T1 was the most common transitional cervicothoracic vertebra (in 89.9% of subjects) and was oriented downwards by an average of 22.0° (SD=7.3°, minimum=2.3°, maximum=40.1°). The thoracic apex trio of T5 (22.2%), T6 (28.3%), and T7 (36.4%) were equally found. The transitional thoracolumbar vertebrae were L1 (39.4%) and T12 (33.3%). The lumbar apex was usually the L3-L4 disc (36.4%). T1 seemed to be the transitional vertebra (90%) irrespective of the PI. For the other relevant vertebrae, the greater the PI, the more cranial the vertebra.

Conclusions.
We performed a detailed three-dimensional assessment of overall spinal balance using positional and rotational parameters. The positions and orientations of all vertebrae were specified, particularly the apical and transitional vertebrae.

Level of Evidence.
Level 3.
A New Automated AI-Assisted System to Assess Cervical Disc Herniation
Authors: Fu Su , Zhang Chunlin , Yan Xu , Li Dongzhe , Wang Yongkui , Dong Chao , Cao Zhengming , Ning Yongming , Shao Chenglong , Yang Tengyue 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
An algorithm was developed with MATLAB platform to automatically quantify the volume of cervical disc herniation (CDH) based on the sagittal magnetic resonance images. This automated program was used for CDH data set, and then compared with manual measurement results confirming its reliability.

Objective.
The aim was to develop a new software for automated CDH volume measurement.

Summary of Background Data.
CDH compresses the spinal cord, regarding as the leading cause of cervical myelopathy. However, the CDH volume, of great value to clinical symptoms, can be only manually measured with no-excellent but acceptable interobserver reliability. This was due to the manual error of outlining CDH area and inclusion of structure posterior vertebra. No studies has proposed such an automated algorithm of CDH volume quantification which is standardised to quantify the accurate volume of CDH thus helping doctors easily evaluate CDH progressing.

Methods.
The algorithm of CDH volume measurement was proposed. This program was then tested for 490 CDHs data set, from 185 patients with two repeated magnetic resonance imaging detections. Three individual observers manually measured the volumes of these CDHs, to justify the accuracy of this software. CDH volume was either in the classic way or the revised way excluding the influence of structure posterior vertebra.

Results.
The automated software was successfully developed on MATLAB platform, with no difference found with manual measurements (average level) in CDH volume measurement. The change ratios in CDH volumes were profoundly consistent with manual observation, showing the error of 5.8% in median. The revised method elevated the absolute value of ratio by amplifying the percentage change.

Conclusion.
Our developed automated volumetry system was an standardized and accurate way, with selective removal module of structure posterior vertebra, replaceable for manual volume measurement of CDH, which was useful for spinal surgeons diagnosing and treating CDH disease.
Step Count in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Gustafsson Malin E.a.K. , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Wedderkopp Niels , Brønd Jan C. 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
This is a method development and validation study.

Objectives.
The purpose of this study was to develop and test a method for step detection using accelerometer data in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). There are 2 objectives: (1) to describe a method for step detection from accelerations measured at the wrist, hip, lower back, thigh and ankle; (2) to assess the accuracy of the method during walking with and without walking aids and during nonwalking activities.

Summary of Background Data.
Loss of walking ability is one of the main symptoms of LSS, and there is no validated measure to assess walking activity in daily living in patients with LSS.

Materials and Methods.
Thirty patients with LSS performed a standardized movement protocol that included walking with and without walking aids and performing nonwalking activities while wearing accelerometers on five different wear-sites. After the walking tests, a method was designed for optimal step detection and compared with a gold standard of observed step count.

Results.
The method for step detection applied to accelerations from the lower back, hip, thigh, and ankle provided an accurate step counts during continuous walking without walking aids. Accuracy diminished at all wear-sites when walking with walking aids, except the ankle. The wrist provided the most inaccurate step count, and the accelerometers on the thigh and ankle were prone to falsely detecting steps during bicycling.

Conclusion.
The ankle-worn accelerometer provided the most accurate step count, but wrongly registered steps during nonwalking activities. The developed step detection method shows potential as a measure of walking activity why further development and testing under free-living conditions should be performed.
Outcomes Following Direct Versus Indirect Decompression Techniques for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: McKeithan Lydia J. , Romano Joseph W. , Waddell William H. , Steinle Anthony M. , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Nian Hui , Archer Kristin R. , Bydon Mohamad , Knightly John , Abtahi Amir M. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Stephens Byron F. 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective review.

Objective.
The aim was to compare outcomes at 3 and 12 months for patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with direct decompression (DD) versus indirect decompression (ID) techniques.

Summary of Background Data.
Debate persists regarding the optimal surgical strategy to treat lumbar spondylolisthesis. Novel techniques relying on ID have shown superior radiographic outcomes compared to DD, however, doubt remains regarding their effectiveness in achieving adequate decompression. Currently, there is a paucity of data comparing the clinical efficacy of DD to ID.

Methods.
The Quality Outcomes Database (QOD), a national, multicenter prospective spine registry, was queried for patients who underwent DD and ID between April 2013 and January 2019. Propensity scores for each treatment were estimated using logistic regression dependent on baseline covariates potentially associated with outcomes. The propensity scores were used to exclude nonsimilar patients. Multivariable regression analysis was performed with the treatment and covariate as independent variables and outcomes as dependent variables.

Results.
A total of 4163 patients were included in the DD group and 86 in the ID group. The ID group had significantly lower odds of having a longer hospital stay and for achieving 30% improvement in back and leg pain at 3 months. These trends were not statistically significant at 12 months. There were no differences in ED5D scores or Oswestry disability index 30% improvement scores at 3 or 12 months. ID patient had a significantly higher rate of undergoing a repeat operation at 3 months (4.9% vs. 1.5%, P=0.015).

Conclusion.
Our study suggests that both DD and ID for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis result in similar clinical outcomes, with the exception that those treated with ID experienced a lower reduction in back and leg pain at 3 months and a higher 3-month reoperation rate. This data can provide surgeons with additional information when counseling patients on the pros and cons of ID versus DD surgery.
Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Patients with Basilar Invagination
Authors: Zhou Yang , Hou Juedong , Xiao Ruipei , Zheng Jintao , Zou Xiaobao , Zhu Yongjian , Yao Ling , Chen Jianting , Ma Xiangyang , Yang Jincheng 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
To present a morphological map of cervical sagittal alignment in basilar invagination (BI), a congenital anomaly of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of cervical sagittal alignment in congenital cervical deformities.

Summary of Background Data.
Ideal cervical sagittal alignment and surgical targets are debated by scholars. However, most of the literature focuses on the description of cervical sagittal alignment in acquired cervical diseases and normal subjects and few on congenital cervical spine deformities.

Methods.
This study analyzed cervical spine lateral radiographs of 87 BI patients and 98 asymptomatic subjects. They were analyzed for cranial, cervical spine, and thoracic inlet parameters.

Results.
Patients with BI manifested significantly larger values for the following parameters than asymptomatic subjects: cranial tilt, cranial incidence angle, SVA CGH-C7, C2-C7 angle, cervical tilt, and significantly smaller values for the following parameters: cranial slope, C0-C2 angle, C0-C7 angle, SVA C2-C7, spine tilt, TIA, and neck tilt. In the BI group, SVA C2-C7 was the cervical parameter most strongly correlated with the cranial, cervical spine, and thoracic inlet parameters, and was smaller in BI patients with fusion (atlanto-occipital assimilation) than in those without.

Conclusion.
A significant difference was observed between BI patients and asymptomatic subjects. BI patients have craniums tilted forward and downward, smaller upper cervical lordosis, larger lower cervical lordosis, and smaller thoracic inlet angle. In BI patients, the SVA C2-C7 is an important parameter in cervical sagittal alignment. In both individuals with congenital anomalies of the CVJ and the asymptomatic population, cervical spine alignment is significantly associated with cranial alignment, particularly thoracic inlet alignment.