bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Deacetyl epoxyazadiradione protects aminoglycoside antibiotic‐induced renal cell apoptosis, in vitro
Authors: Murugan Raghul , Rajesh Ravi , Velayutham Manikandan , Juliet Annie , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin are used frequently to treat bacterial infections in humans. Excessive consumption of these antibiotics lead to renal dysfunction. One of the factors contributing to renal dysfunction is oxidative damage, which causes apoptosis. Hence, this study investigates the effect of the antioxidant compound deacetyl epoxyazadiradione (DEA) in reducing cell death induced by gentamicin treatment in kidney cells (Madin–Darby canine kidney cells). The antioxidant experiments showed that reactive oxygen species level is decreased up to 27.06 ± 0.18% in 150 µM of DEA treatment. At this concentration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase increased from 0.4 ± 0.04 to 1.46 ± 0.05 µmol/min/L and catalase increased from 7.48 ± 0.39 to 17.6 ± 0.74 U/mg. The relative folds of gene expression of mitochondrial enzymes such as GST, GPx and GR restored from 0.596 ± 0.019, 0.521 ± 0.013 and 0.775 ± 0.014 to 0.866 ± 0.013, 0.669 ± 0.015 and 0.8615 ± 0.028, respectively. Consequently, the percentage of cell viability increases upto 91.8 ± 2.01 from 61.93 ± 1.63 with much less fragmentation in genomic DNA. Additionally, molecular docking results showed that DEA could bind to Bax, Bcl‐ 2, Caspase‐ 3 and Caspase‐ 9 proteins. These results indicate that DEA could reduce cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress due to antibiotics and interrupting the apoptotic signal pathway in kidney cells.
Twelve‐month safety and effectiveness of TCD‐17187 drug‐coated balloon for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral and proximal popliteal artery
Authors: Iida Osamu , Soga Yoshimitsu , Seki Shu‐Ichi , Kawasaki Daizo , Anzai Hitoshi , Ando Hiroshi , Nakama Tatsuya , Shinozaki Norihiko , Kozuki Amane , Ishihara Masaharu , Urasawa Kazushi , Toi Satoru , Tsujita Hiroaki , Tobita Kazuki , Ogata Kenji , Horie Kazunori , Hayakawa Naoki , Mori Shinsuke , Fujihara Masahiko , Ohki Takao , Yuba Kenichiro , Mano Toshiaki , Nakamura Masato ,   TCD‐17187 Japan Investigators
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this preapproval trial was to evaluate the 12‐month safety and effectiveness of the TCD‐17187 drug‐coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and/or proximal popliteal artery (PA).MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter, core laboratory adjudicated, single‐arm trial. From October 2019 to November 2020, a total of 121 symptomatic peripheral artery disease patients with SFA and/or proximal PA lesions were enrolled. The primary effectiveness endpoint was 12‐month primary patency defined as freedom from restenosis as determined by duplex ultrasonography in the absence of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR). The safety endpoint was the major adverse event (MAE) rate defined as freedom from a composite of device‐ and procedure‐related death within 30 days, and index limb major amputation and/or CD‐TLR through follow‐up.ResultsAverage age was 74.5 ± 7.3 years and the frequency of diabetes mellitus was 67.5%. Average lesion length and vessel diameter were 106.0 ± 52.6 and 5.2 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. The frequency of chronic total occlusion and bilateral calcification was 17.5% and 50.8% of patients, respectively. The 12‐month primary patency rate calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis was 81.1%, while 12‐month freedom from CD‐TLR was 95.8%. The MAE rate at 30 days was 1.7% and all events comprised CD‐TLR. There were no instances of device‐ or procedure‐related deaths, major amputations, or thrombosis throughout the 12‐month evaluation period.ConclusionThis preapproval trial confirmed the safety and effectiveness of TCD‐17187 DCB in the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the SFA and/or proximal PA.
Isolation of Homo‐/Mixed‐Valence Ag12, Ag29, and Ag8Clusters Stabilized by Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene‐Anchored Monoanionic Phosphorus Ligand
Authors: Nag Ekta , Battuluri Sridhar , Chandra Mondal Kartik , Roy Sudipta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSilver clusters are attractive candidates for their promising optical properties, and biomedical activities. Herein, we report on the first syntheses and isolation of three homo‐/mixed‐valence silver nanoclusters (NCs) with Ag12Cl3, Ag29, and Ag8cores [((cAAC)P)6Ag12Cl3](OTf)3(1), [((cAAC)P)6Ag29] (2), and [((cAAC)P)4Ag8] (3) having three‐/twofold symmetry, employing cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC)‐supported phosphinidenide (cAACP−) as the π‐accepting stabilizing ligand. The average diameters of Ag NCs1, and2are approximately 1.6 to 2 nm. The redox non‐innocent mono‐atomic phosphorus anions (P−) anchored with cAAC ligands are generated in situ by the reaction of AgOTf with a boryl‐phosphaalkene (cAAC)P−B(NiPr2)2through cleavage of the P−B bond with the help of a triflate anion (OTf−) as a weak nucleophile. Equivalent number of the (cAAC)P−anions generated in situ are oxidized to produce the corresponding bis‐phosphinidene (cAAC)2P2leading to the generation of Ag0ions in solution for the formation of the unprecedented mixed‐valence Ag NC2. Complex3is achieved by treating potassium phosphinidenide cAACPK with AgNTf2. The ligand field and the steric hindrance of the (cAAC)P units play crucial roles in stabilizing complexes1–3, further providing a three‐ (1,2)/two‐ (3) fold stand. The Ag12Cl3NC (1) with a tricationic core [AgI12Cl3] was found to be diamagnetic, and fluorescent, emitting green light at 563 nm when excited at 400 nm. In contrast, the neutral Ag29(2) and Ag8(3) clusters were found to be paramagnetic, and NMR silent showing characteristic EPR signals for Ag0at room temperature.
Activation of Ge−H and Sn−H Bonds with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene
Authors: Philipp Michael S. M. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Radius Udo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA study of the reactivity of several N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 1‐(2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylidene (cAACMe) with the group 14 hydrides GeH2Mes2and SnH2Me2(Me=CH3, Mes=1,3,5‐(CH3)3C6H2) is presented. The reaction of GeH2Mes2with cAACMeled to the insertion of cAACMeinto one Ge−H bond to give cAACMeH−GeHMes2(1). If 1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (Me2ImMe) was used as the carbene, NHC‐mediated dehydrogenative coupling occurred, which led to the NHC‐stabilized germylene Me2ImMe⋅GeMes2(2). The reaction of SnH2Me2with cAACMealso afforded the insertion product cAACMeH−SnHMe2(3), and reaction of two equivalents Me2ImMewith SnH2Me2gave the NHC‐stabilized stannylene Me2ImMe⋅SnMe2(4). If the sterically more demanding NHCs Me2ImMe, 1,3‐di‐isopropyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (iPr2ImMe) and 1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐di‐isopropylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (Dipp2Im) were employed, selective formation of cyclic oligomers (SnMe2)n(5;n=5–8) in high yield was observed. These cyclic oligomers were also obtained from the controlled decomposition of cAACMeH−SnHMe2(3).
Civil society organisations as agents for societal change: Football clubs' engagement with sustainability
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo , Barreiro‐Gen Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProgress towards more sustainable societies requires moving from reactive responses to immediate problems, towards a more proactive focus on avoiding possible future problems and preparing for potential events. This requires that sustainability is endorsed by a group or opinion leader to be adopted by society. Organisations have been instrumental in fostering sustainability and can be such opinion leaders. During the last 10 years, there has been an increasing interest in organisational sustainability; however, research on civil society organisations (CSOs) has been scarce. Sports organisations (such as football clubs) are a particular type of CSO, and have been adopting sustainability, albeit slowly. Twelve interviews with representatives of Swedish football clubs (from which nine were male clubs and three were female clubs) were conducted between August and November 2021. The data were analysed using Grounded Theory's constant comparative analysis method. The findings show that football clubs have been undertaking several sustainability efforts (e.g. stakeholder collaboration, energy, health, gender and transportation) and have been connecting the sustainability dimensions throughout such efforts. The findings provide insights into the stages of sustainability awareness in football clubs, starting from the social dimension, then the environmental, economic and time dimensions. An important finding from the interviews was the potential that football clubs have in engaging and influencing society through their fans. This research provides insights into the contributions of football clubs to sustainability. Football clubs, and other CSOs, have the potential to become societal change agents and make societies more sustainable through a shared identity.
The heterogeneity of mammalian utricular cells over the course of development
Authors: You Dan , Guo Jin , Zhang Yunzhong , Guo Luo , Lu Xiaoling , Huang Xinsheng , Sun Shan , Li Huawei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe inner ear organ is a delicate tissue consisting of hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs).The mammalian inner ear HCs are terminally differentiated cells that cannot spontaneously regenerate in adults. Epithelial non‐hair cells (ENHCs) in the utricle include HC progenitors and SCs, and the progenitors share similar characteristics with SCs in the neonatal inner ear.MethodsWe applied single‐cell sequencing to whole mouse utricles from the neonatal period to adulthood, including samples from postnatal day (P)2, P7 and P30 mice. Furthermore, using transgenic mice and immunostaining, we traced the source of new HC generation.ResultsWe identified several sensory epithelial cell clusters and further found that new HCs arose mainly through differentiation from Sox9+ progenitor cells and that only a few cells were produced by mitotic proliferation in both neonatal and adult mouse utricles. In addition, we identified the proliferative cells using the marker UbcH10 and demonstrated that in adulthood the mitotically generated HCs were primarily found in the extrastriola. Moreover, we observed that not only Type II, but also Type I HCs could be regenerated by either mitotic cell proliferation or progenitor cell differentiation.ConclusionsOverall, our findings expand our understanding of ENHC cell fate and the characteristics of the vestibular organs in mammals over the course of development.
Intraspecific trait variability is a key feature underlying high Arctic plant community resistance to climate warming
Authors: Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Halbritter Aud H. , Christiansen Casper T. , Althuizen Inge H. J. , Haugum Siri V. , Henn Jonathan J. , Björnsdóttir Katrín , Maitner Brian Salvin , Malhi Yadvinder , Michaletz Sean T. , Roos Ruben E. , Klanderud Kari , Lee Hanna , Enquist Brian J. , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the high Arctic, plant community species composition generally responds slowly to climate warming, whereas less is known about the community functional trait responses and consequences for ecosystem functioning. The slow species turnover and large distribution ranges of many Arctic plant species suggest a significant role of intraspecific trait variability in functional responses to climate change. Here we compare taxonomic and functional community compositional responses to a long‐term (17‐year) warming experiment in Svalbard, Norway, replicated across three major high Arctic habitats shaped by topography and contrasting snow regimes. We observed taxonomic compositional changes in all plant communities over time. Still, responses to experimental warming were minor and most pronounced in the drier habitats with relatively early snowmelt timing and long growing seasons (Cassiope and Dryas heaths). The habitats were clearly separated in functional trait space, defined by 12 size‐ and leaf economics‐related traits, primarily due to interspecific trait variation. Functional traits also responded to experimental warming, most prominently in the Dryas heath and mostly due to intraspecific trait variation. Leaf area and mass increased and leaf δ15N decreased in response to the warming treatment. Intraspecific trait variability ranged between 30% and 71% of the total trait variation, reflecting the functional resilience of those communities, dominated by long‐lived plants, due to either phenotypic plasticity or genotypic variation, which most likely underlies the observed resistance of high Arctic vegetation to climate warming. We further explored the consequences of trait variability for ecosystem functioning by measuring peak season CO2 fluxes. Together, environmental, taxonomic, and functional trait variables explained a large proportion of the variation in net ecosystem exchange (NEE), which increased when intraspecific trait variation was accounted for. In contrast, even though ecosystem respiration and gross ecosystem production both increased in response to warming across habitats, they were mainly driven by the direct kinetic impacts of temperature on plant physiology and biochemical processes. Our study shows that long‐term experimental warming has a modest but significant effect on plant community functional trait composition and suggests that intraspecific trait variability is a key feature underlying high Arctic ecosystem resistance to climate warming.
Embolism resistance explains mortality and recovery of five subtropical evergreen broadleaf trees to persistent drought
Authors: Shao Junjiong , Zhou Xuhui , Zhang Peipei , Zhai Deping , Yuan Tengfei , Li Zhen , He Yanghui , McDowell Nate G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubtropical evergreen broadleaf forests (SEBF) are experiencing and expected to suffer more frequent and severe drought events. However, how the hydraulic traits directly link to the mortality and recovery of SEBF trees remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a drought–rewatering experiment on tree seedlings of five dominant species to investigate how the hydraulic traits were related to tree mortality and the resistance and recovery of photosynthesis (A) and transpiration (E) under different drought severities. Species with greater embolism resistance (P50) survived longer than those with a weaker P50. However, there was no general hydraulic threshold associated with tree mortality, with the lethal hydraulic failure varying from 64% to 93% loss of conductance. The photosynthesis and transpiration of tree species with a greater P50 were more resistant to and recovered faster from drought than those with lower P50. Other plant traits could not explain the interspecific variation in tree mortality and drought resistance and recovery. These results highlight the unique importance of embolism resistance in driving carbon and water processes under persistent drought across different trees in SEBFs. The absence of multiple efficient drought strategies in SEBF seedlings implies the difficulty of natural seedling regeneration under future droughts, which often occurs after destructive disturbances (e.g., extreme drought events and typhoon), suggesting that this biome may be highly vulnerable to co‐occurring climate extremes.
Effects of multifaceted optimization management for chronic heart failure: a multicentre, randomized controlled study
Authors: Pan Guangming , Ji Weiqiang , Wang Xia , Li Song , Zheng Chaoyang , Lyu Weihui , Feng Xiaoyan , Xia Yu , Xiong Zhihua , Shan Haohong , Yang Haiyu , Zou Xu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsIn recent years, we have developed the concept of ‘clinical pathway based on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for the management of Chronic heart failure (CHF)’. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation effects of multifaceted optimization management of chronic heart failure.MethodsA total of nine physicians in optimization group from nine research sites received multifaceted intervention (a 1‐day training session on how to implement the optimization programme, a written optimization programme for CHF management, supervision from daily quality coordinator, and 1‐monthly monitoring and feedback of performance measure) with respect to the management of CHF, comparing to nine physicians in control group who did not receive the aforementioned multifaceted intervention and diagnosed and treated CHF patients with conventional programme (usual care). After that, a total of 256 patients with CHF were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive optimization programme [integration of usual care and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment] or conventional programme (usual care) for the treatment of CHF. The primary outcome was the change in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification during 24 weeks of treatment.ResultsWhen compared with usual care, multifaceted optimization management resulted in superior improvements in NYHA functional classification at the 12‐week visit (P = 0.023), the 16‐week, 20‐week, and 24‐week visits (P < 0.001). It also demonstrated superior performance in comparison with the conventional programme with respect to readmission rate for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), readmission rate for worsening heart failure, plasma N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), patient TCM syndrome scores, quality of life, and patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in optimization group more likely received beta‐blockers and ACE inhibitors or ARBs than those in control group (P = 0.038 and P = 0.013, respectively).ConclusionsIt is likely that the multifaceted optimization programme used in this study is feasible would benefit patients with CHF in NYHA functional classification, readmission for worsening heart failure, plasma NT‐proBNP level, LVEF, patient TCM syndrome scores, and quality of life. Additionally, it would improve hospital personnel adherence to evidence‐based performance measures for HFrEF.
Long‐term outcomes after NORSE: Treatment with vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Espino Poul H. , Burneo Jorge G. , Moscol Gaby , Gofton Teneille , MacDougall Keith , Suller Marti Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNew‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is associated with high mortality, therapy‐resistant epilepsy (TRE), and poor cognitive and functional outcomes. Some patients develop multifocal TRE, for whom surgery with a curative intention, is not an option. In these patients, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is performed as a palliative treatment. We report the long‐term outcomes regarding seizure frequency, functional and cognitive outcome, and effectiveness of VNS in two patients with TRE as a consequence of NORSE. In the first patient with cryptogenic NORSE, VNS implantation occurred during the acute stage, probably contributing to the cessation of her status epilepticus. However, in the long‐term follow‐up, the patient persisted with daily multifocal seizures. In the second patient, VNS implantation was delayed to manage his epilepsy when the NORSE, ultimately due to autoimmune encephalitis, had resolved. During long‐term follow‐up, no reduction in seizure frequency was achieved. This evidence supporting the use of VNS in patients with TRE after NORSE warrants further investigation.
Efficacy and safety of adjunctive padsevonil in adults with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy: Results from two double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Rademacher Michael , Toledo Manuel , Van Paesschen Wim , Liow Kore K. , Milanov Ivan G. , Esch Maria‐Luise , Wang Nan , MacPherson Merran , Byrnes William J. , Minh Timothy D. C. , Webster Elizabeth , Werhahn Konrad J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize efficacy, safety/tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of padsevonil (PSL) administered concomitantly with ≤3 antiseizure medications (ASMs) for observable focal seizures in adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy in two multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trials.MethodsThe phase 2b dose‐finding trial (EP0091/NCT03373383) randomized patients 1:1:1:1:1 to PSL 50/100/200/400 mg or placebo twice daily (b.i.d.). The phase 3 efficacy trial (EP0092/NCT03739840) randomized patients 1:1:1:1 to PSL 100/200/400 mg or placebo b.i.d. Patients with observable (focal aware with motor symptoms, focal impaired awareness, focal to bilateral tonic–clonic) focal seizures for ≥3 years, experiencing them ≥4 times per 28 days including during the 4‐week baseline period despite treatment with ≥4 lifetime ASMs including current ASMs, were enrolled.ResultsIn EP0091 and EP0092, 410 and 231 patients, respectively, were randomized and received at least one dose of trial medication. In patients in EP0091 on PSL 50/100/200/400 mg b.i.d. (n = 80/82/81/81, respectively) versus placebo (n = 81), outcomes included percentage reductions over placebo in observable focal seizure frequency during the 12‐week maintenance period: 17.2%, 19.1% (p = 0.128), 19.2% (p = 0.128), 12.4% (p = 0.248); 75% responder rates (p‐values for odds ratios): 13.8%, 12.2% (p = 0.192), 11.1% (p = 0.192), 16.0% (p = 0.124) versus 6.2%; 50% responder rates: 33.8% (p = 0.045), 31.7% (p = 0.079), 25.9% (p = 0.338), 32.1% (p = 0.087), versus 21.0%; TEAEs were reported by 82.7% (67/81), 78.3% (65/83), 74.4% (61/82), 90.1% (73/81) versus 78.3% (65/83). In patients in EP0092 on PSL 100/200/400 mg b.i.d. (n = 60/56/56, respectively) versus placebo (n = 54), outcomes included percentage reductions over placebo: −5.6% (p = 0.687), 6.5% (p = 0.687), 6.3% (p = 0.687); 75% responder rates: 15.3% (p = 0.989), 12.5% (p = 0.989), 14.3% (p = 0.989) versus 13.0%; 50% responder rates: 35.6% (p = 0.425), 33.9% (p = 0.625), and 42.9% (p = 0.125) versus 27.8%; TEAEs were reported by 80.0% (48/60), 78.9% (45/57), 83.1% (49/59) versus 67.3% (37/55).SignificanceIn both trials, the primary outcomes did not reach statistical significance in any PSL dose group compared with placebo. PSL was generally well tolerated, and no new safety signals were identified.