bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson's disease and nocturnal polyuria
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Shimizu Ayami , Takahashi Osamu , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Sawai Setsu , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Tatsuya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe question of whether Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have nocturnal polyuria (NP) has not yet been fully answered.ObjectivesTo determine whether NP was present in PD patients and if so, what its relevant factors were.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis. We had 36 consecutive referred PD patients: age, 71.5 years (range, 54–83 years); 24 men, 12 women; mean disease duration, 2.5 years (1.0–4.5 years); Hoehn and Yahr motor scale, 3.0 (2.0–3.5); all ambulatory; all on treatment. All the PD patients completed a lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS questionnaire) and a bladder diary, and underwent urodynamics testing.ResultsNP was identified in 56% of patients. NP was more common in patients with nocturia (p < 0.05), and in patients with urodynamic detrusor overactivity (p < 0.01). There was no relation between NP and gender, age, PD medications, blood pressure, or comorbid diabetes.ConclusionsA total of 56% of PD patients had NP, which had a close relation with detrusor overactivity (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that in PD, the loss of dopaminergic neurons leads to NP (hypothalamic circuit) and detrusor overactivity (nigrostriatal circuit).
The root‐knot nematode effector MiMSP32 targets host 12‐oxophytodienoate reductase 2 to regulate plant susceptibility
Authors: Verhoeven Ava , Finkers‐Tomczak Anna , Prins Pjotr , Valkenburg‐van Raaij Debbie R. , van Schaik Casper C. , Overmars Hein , van Steenbrugge Joris J. M. , Tacken Wannes , Varossieau Koen , Slootweg Erik J. , Kappers Iris F. , Quentin Michaël , Goverse Aska , Sterken Mark G. , Smant Geert 
Published: December 2022

Summary

To establish persistent infections in host plants, herbivorous invaders, such as root‐knot nematodes, must rely on effectors for suppressing damage‐induced jasmonate‐dependent host defenses. However, at present, the effector mechanisms targeting the biosynthesis of biologically active jasmonates to avoid adverse host responses are unknown.

Using yeast two‐hybrid, in planta co‐immunoprecipitation, and mutant analyses, we identified 12‐oxophytodienoate reductase 2 (OPR2) as an important host target of the stylet‐secreted effector MiMSP32 of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. MiMSP32 has no informative sequence similarities with other functionally annotated genes but was selected for the discovery of novel effector mechanisms based on evidence of positive, diversifying selection.

OPR2 catalyzes the conversion of a derivative of 12‐oxophytodienoate to jasmonic acid (JA) and operates parallel to 12‐oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3), which controls the main pathway in the biosynthesis of jasmonates. We show that MiMSP32 targets OPR2 to promote parasitism of M. incognita in host plants independent of OPR3‐mediated JA biosynthesis.

Artificially manipulating the conversion of the 12‐oxophytodienoate by OPRs increases susceptibility to multiple unrelated plant invaders. Our study is the first to shed light on a novel effector mechanism targeting this process to regulate the susceptibility of host plants.
Work‐on‐demand in patchwork capitalism: The peculiar case of Uber's fleet partners in Poland
Authors: Mika Bartosz , Polkowska Dominika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, global corporations entering Central and Eastern European (CEE) markets have begun to adapt to existing legal regulations through innovative means. Uber's entry into Polish market, for example, involved the use of a supplementary entity—a fleet partner. Based on 42 interviews with Uber drivers in Poland (conducted between 2018 and 2020) and two in‐depth interviews with fleet partners (2021), this article investigates the prerequisites necessary for the emergence of fleet partners within a work‐on‐demand platform and their role in the relationships between different stakeholders. Using the concept of patchwork capitalism adapted for CEE countries, this study shows that additional entities took advantage of institutional hybridity, situating themselves as the intermediary between a global giant and a local regulator, and thereby creating a patchwork gig economy.
Trials of trustworthiness between Ethiopian lawyers and Chinese clients
Authors: Driessen Miriam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLegal representation requires trust. How is trust given and gained in lawyer‐client relations that are tainted by mistrust? In this article I examine interactions between Ethiopian lawyers and their Chinese clients to show how both parties mitigate mistrust to enable productive legal representation across radical difference. This process not only involves patience and persistence but also prompts clients to put trust on trial. First, they do so by closely monitoring their lawyers or testing them through choreographed situations of trusting in which the stakes are low or the transfer of trust carefully controlled. Second, by cultivating loyalty and proximity they attempt to further enhance the predictability of the other's future actions to ensure the desired outcome of trust.
A fungal pathogen is unlikely to be the cause of abnormal vertical growth syndrome in macadamia
Authors: Zakeel Mohamed C. M. , Geering Andrew D. W. , Akinsanmi Olufemi A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbnormal vertical growth (AVG) in macadamia is a syndrome that reduces flowering and alters tree architecture, resulting in significant yield losses. The epidemiological parameters suggest the cause is probably a biotic agent with the ability to modulate plant hormone production or signalling. To determine if a fungal pathogen is the cause of AVG, we compared the fungal profile of macadamia trees with or without AVG symptoms using conventional culturing and DNA metabarcoding techniques. A diverse range of fungi was isolated from leaf, root and stem samples of macadamia cultivars HAES 344 and A16. The abundance of the isolated fungi was at least three‐fold higher in trees with AVG symptoms than in trees at the non‐AVG site. Similar results were obtained using DNA metabarcoding. Although the fungal genus Sebacina was the most dominant in the DNA metabarcoding, whereas Diaporthe (>40%) was dominant using the culturing techniques, no unique fungal species was consistently associated with all AVG samples. Therefore, we conclude that it is unlikely that the cause of AVG in macadamia is a fungal pathogen.
Sodium butyrate attenuates peritoneal fibroproliferative process in mice
Authors: De Lazari Marcela Guimarães Takahashi , Viana Celso Tarso Rodrigues , Pereira Luciana Xavier , Orellano Laura Alejandra Ariza , Ulrich Henning , Andrade Silvia Passos , Campos Paula Peixoto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the bio‐efficacy of sodium butyrate (NaBu) on preventing the development of peritoneal fibrovascular tissue induced by implantation of a synthetic matrix in the abdominal cavity.Polyether–polyurethane sponge discs were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice, which were treated daily with oral administration of NaBu (100 mg/kg). Control animals received water (100 μl). After 7 days, the implants were removed for assessment of inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic markers.Compared with control values, NaBu treatment decreased mast cell recruitment/activation, inflammatory enzyme activities, levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the proteins p65 and p50 of the nuclear factor‐κB pathway. Angiogenesis, as determined by haemoglobin content, vascular endothelial growth factor levels and the number of blood vessels in the implant, was reduced by the treatment. In NaBu‐treated animals, the predominant collagen present in the abdominal fibrovascular tissue was thin collagen, whereas in control implants it was thick collagen. Transforming growth factor‐β1 levels were also lower in implants of treated animals. Sodium butyrate downregulated the inflammatory, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis axes of the fibroproliferative tissue induced by the intraperitoneal synthetic matrix. This compound has potential to control/regulate chronic inflammation and adverse healing processes in the abdominal cavity.
Fluid inclusion evidence for overpressure-induced shale oil accumulation
Authors: Wang Yingqi , Cao Jian , Hu Wenxuan , Zhi Dongming , Tang Yong , Xiang Baoli , He Wenjun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Shale oil is becoming increasingly important in the global energy market, but its accumulation mechanism is not fully understood. We present novel and direct fluid inclusion data from the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, northwest China. Shortite veins in this source rock contain abundant two-phase gas-liquid hydrocarbon inclusions and coeval aqueous inclusions. The inclusions have highly variable degrees of bubble filling (5–80 vol% vapor) and homogenization temperature differences between oil and aqueous inclusions (~50 °C), which demonstrate that fluid (oil-gas-water) immiscibility occurred at high pressures. The hydrocarbon inclusions record different levels of fluid over-pressure (32.9–43.0 MPa), with a paleopressure coefficient of 1.3–1.7. Episodic fluid over-pressure release resulted in shale oil accumulation, with faults/fractures acting as important migration pathways. Oil from deeper and more mature source rocks within the Fengcheng Formation was expelled upward to the shale oil reservoir. These processes are common and important in shale oil systems. These results show that the accumulation of unconventional hydrocarbons occurs pervasively within the reservoirs, and fluid displacement is critical in exploration and exploitation.
School lives of adolescent school students living with chronic physical health conditions: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Spencer Bethan K C , Wright Judy , Flemming Kate , Cottrell David , Pini Simon 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveAssess the existing evidence base in order to synthesise the current qualitative findings for the impact of chronic health conditions on the school lives of young people.DesignQualitative evidence synthesis using thematic synthesis.PatientsYoung people aged 11–18 years with a chronic health condition from one of the following groups: oncology, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, asthma, rheumatology, neuromuscular, colorectal, chronic pain, allergies and dermatology.Outcome measureQualitative findings and discussions present in included studies formed the data for the thematic synthesis.ResultsFrom a search identifying 19 311 records, a sample of 35 papers were included. The included papers represented 15 countries and primarily employed interviews as part of data collection. Thematic synthesis resulted in six themes: ‘keeping up/catching up/missing out/looking forward’; ‘identity’; ‘relationship with peers’; ‘normality and difference’; ‘autonomy’; ‘relationships with staff’.ConclusionsThematic synthesis highlighted the commonalities, rather than divergence, of issues for young people across different chronic conditions. Policies need to be based on the experiences of the people they aim to provide for, and while attendance and attainment remain important, there is clearly more that needs to be considered when gathering data, designing interventions and developing policies to support this population. It may also be advisable for clinical professionals to include the broader psychosocial aspects of school life in discussions and plans to support young people with long-term conditions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021278153.
Prognostic relevance of quantitative and longitudinal MOG antibody testing in patients with MOGAD: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Gastaldi Matteo , Foiadelli Thomas , Greco Giacomo , Scaranzin Silvia , Rigoni Eleonora , Masciocchi Stefano , Ferrari Sergio , Mancinelli Chiara , Brambilla Laura , Mancardi Margherita , Giacomini Thea , Ferraro Diana , Della Corte Marida , Gallo Antonio , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Benedetti Luana , Novi Giovanni , Versino Maurizio , Banfi Paola , Iorio Raffaele , Moiola Lucia , Turco Emanuela , Sartori Stefano , Nosadini Margherita , Ruggieri Martino , Savasta Salvatore , Colombo Elena , Ballante Elena , Jarius Sven , Mariotto Sara , Franciotta Diego 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIgG antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) define a subset of associated disorders (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disorders (MOGAD)) that can have a relapsing course. However, information on relapse predictors is scarce. The utility of retesting MOG-IgG over time and measuring their titres is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of longitudinal MOG-IgG titre measurement to predict relapses in patients with MOGAD.MethodsIn this retrospective multicentre Italian cohort study, we recruited patients with MOGAD and available longitudinal samples (at least one >3 months after disease onset) and tested them with a live cell-based assay with endpoint titration (1:160 cut-off). Samples were classified as ‘attack’ (within 30 days since a disease attack (n=59, 17%)) and ‘remission’ (≥31 days after attack (n=295, 83%)).ResultsWe included 102 patients with MOGAD (57% adult and 43% paediatric) with a total of 354 samples (83% from remission and 17% from attack). Median titres were higher during attacks (1:1280 vs 1:640, p=0.001). Median onset titres did not correlate with attack-related disability, age or relapses. Remission titres were higher in relapsing patients (p=0.02). When considering the first remission sample available for each patient, titres >1:2560 were predictors of relapsing course in survival (log rank, p<0.001) and multivariate analysis (p<0.001, HR: 10.9, 95% CI 3.4 to 35.2). MOG-IgG seroconversion to negative was associated with a 95% relapse incidence rate reduction (incidence rate ratio: 0.05, p<0.001).ConclusionsPersistent MOG-IgG positivity and high remission titres are associated with an increased relapse risk. Longitudinal MOG-IgG titres could be useful to stratify patients to be treated with long term immunosuppression.
Zinc supplementation ameliorates type 2 diabetes markers through the enhancement of total antioxidant capacity in overweight patients
Authors: Nazem Mohammad Reza , Asadi Mojgan , Adelipour Maryam , Jabbari Niloofar , Allameh Abdolamir 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence show that the recommended dose of zinc may not be sufficient for controlling pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on the oxidative status in overweight T2DM. In addition, the routine glycaemic parameters were determined and compared in zinc-treated and placebo groups.

Methods
In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 70 patients with T2DM were selected. They were divided into two groups for supplementation of 50 mg zinc gluconate or placebo (zinc group, n=35; placebo group, n=35) per day for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected from all the individuals in the zinc group and controls for analysis.

Results
The results showed that zinc supplementation to patients with T2DM for 8 weeks significantly inhibited serum levels of lipid peroxidation (25%), nitrotyrosine (30%) and total oxidant status levels (25%, p&lt;0.05). Nevertheless, the total antioxidant capacity was significantly elevated (16%) following zinc intake by patients with T2DM.

Conclusions
These data, together with our previous report, may suggest that the control in the glycaemic condition in overweight patients with T2DM is correlated with the antioxidative/oxidative balance following intake of 50 mg zinc supplementation for 8 weeks. Under these circumstances, the clinical and glycaemic indices, including fasting blood glucose, insulin, haemoglobin A1c and homeostasis model of assessment–insulin resistance, were controlled.

Trial registration number
IRCT2015083102.
Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip arthroscopy: a randomized,
double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Amato Peter E , Coleman John R , Dobrzanski Tomasz P , Elmer Donald A , Gwathmey Frank W , Slee April E , Hanson Neil A 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Arthroscopic hip surgery is associated with significant
postoperative pain. Femoral nerve blocks have been shown to improve
postoperative analgesia at the expense of quadriceps weakness. The
pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block could be an alternative that may
improve postoperative analgesia while preserving quadriceps strength.
Our hypothesis was that a PENG block would provide superior
postoperative analgesia compared with a sham block following
arthroscopic hip surgery.

Methods
Subjects presenting for arthroscopic hip surgery were randomized in
a 1:1 ratio to either an ultrasound-guided unilateral, single-injection
PENG block (PENG group) with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine or a sham
injection with 5 mL of 0.9% normal saline (Sham group) prior to
receiving general anesthesia. The primary outcome of this study was
worst pain score within 30 min of emergence from anesthesia. Secondary
outcomes included opioid consumption, patient satisfaction with
analgesia, opioid-related adverse events, and persistent opioid use at 1
week.

Results
Sixty-eight subjects, 34 from the PENG group and 34 from the Sham
group, completed the study per protocol. Analysis of the primary outcome
demonstrated a mean difference in pain scores of −0.79 (95% CI −1.96 to
0.37; p=0.17) between the PENG and Sham groups immediately following
surgery. No secondary outcomes showed statistically significant
differences between groups.

Discussion
This study demonstrates that a preoperative PENG block does not
improve analgesia following arthroscopic hip surgery.

Trial reigstration number
NCT04508504
Gardenia jasminoidesExtract GJ-4 Alleviates Memory Deficiency of Vascular Dementia in Rats through PERK-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway
Authors: Yuan Fang-Yu , Ju Cheng , Zang Cai-Xia , Liu Hui , Shang Mei-Yu , Ning Jing-Wen , Yang Yang , Ma Jing-Wei , Li Gen , Yu Yang , Yao Xin-Sheng , Bao Xiu-Qi , Zhang Dan 
Published: December 2022

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the pathological process of vascular dementia (VD). GJ-4 is extracted from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis and has been reported to have protective roles in ischemia-related brain damage. However, the role of GJ-4 in ERS has not been elucidated. We established a VD rat model through bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2-VO). The rats were intragastrically administrated with GJ-4 (10, 25, and 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg) and nimodipine (10[Formula: see text]mg/kg). Data from a Morris water maze test showed that GJ-4 could significantly alleviate learning and memory deficits in VD rats. Nissl and cleaved caspase-3 staining revealed that GJ-4 can inhibit apoptosis and thus exert a protective role in the brain of 2-VO rats. Western blot results suggested that GJ-4 significantly reduced ERS-related protein expression and inhibited apoptosis through suppression of the PERK/eIF2[Formula: see text]/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway. For in vitro studies, the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) SH-SY5Y model was employed. Western blot and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining were utilized to explore the effects of crocetin, the main active metabolite of GJ-4. Like GJ-4 in vivo, crocetin in vitro also decreased ERS-related protein expression and inhibited the activation of the PERK/eIF2[Formula: see text]/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway. Thus, crocetin exerted similar protective roles on OGD challenged SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. In summary, GJ-4 and crocetin reduce the ERS in the brain of VD rats and SY5Y cells subjected to OGD and inhibit neuronal apoptosis through suppression of the PERK/eIF2[Formula: see text]/ATF4/CHOP pathway, suggesting that GJ-4 may be useful for the treatment of VD.
Hierarchical and Hybrid Organizational Structures in Open-source Software Projects: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Joblin Mitchell , Eckl Barbara , Bock Thomas , Schmid Angelika , Siegmund Janet , Apel Sven 
Published: December 2022

Despite the absence of a formal process and a central command-and-control structure, developer organization in open-source software (OSS) projects are far from being a purely random process. Prior work indicates that, over time, highly successful OSS projects develop a
hybrid
organizational structure that comprises a
hierarchical
part and a
non-hierarchical
part. This suggests that hierarchical organization is not necessarily a global organizing principle and that a fundamentally different principle is at play below the lowest positions in the hierarchy. Given the vast proportion of developers are in the non-hierarchical part, we seek to understand the interplay between these two fundamentally differently organized groups, how this
hybrid structure
evolves, and the trajectory individual developers take through these structures over the course of their participation. We conducted a longitudinal study of the full histories of 20 popular OSS projects, modeling their organizational structures as networks of developers connected by communication ties and characterizing developers’ positions in terms of hierarchical (sub)structures in these networks. We observed a number of notable trends and patterns in the subject projects: (1) hierarchy is a pervasive structural feature of developer networks of OSS projects; (2) OSS projects tend to form hybrid organizational structures, consisting of a hierarchical and a non-hierarchical part; and (3) the positional trajectory of a developer starts loosely connected in the non-hierarchical part and then tightly integrate into the hierarchical part, which is associated with the acquisition of experience (tenure), in addition to coordination and coding activities. Our study (a) provides a methodological basis for further investigations of hierarchy formation, (b) suggests a number of hypotheses on prevalent organizational patterns and trends in OSS projects to be addressed in further work, and (c) may ultimately guide the governance of organizational structures.