bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the importance of concomitant conditions: light and conspecific presence modulate prey response to predation cue
Authors: Jermacz Łukasz , Kobak Jarosław 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAssessment of individual costs of the anti-predator defence translating into changes in population parameters is meagre. This is because prey responses are likely to be modulated by additional factors, commonly present in the environment, but often neglected in experimental studies. To evaluate the effect of external factors on prey behavior and physiology, we exposed amphipods Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii to the predation cue of Perca fluviatilis in different densities and light conditions. Singletons of both species exposed to the predation cue in light modified their oxygen consumption (D. villosus: reduction, G. jadzewskii: increase) compared to their respiration in predator-free conditions. However, in the presence of conspecifics or in darkness, their respiration became insensitive to the predation cue. On the other hand, the swimming activity of prey was reduced in the presence of the predation cue irrespective of prey density and light conditions, but singletons were consistently more active than groups. Thus, external factors, such as conspecifics and darkness, constantly or periodically occurring in the field, may reduce the costs of predator non-consumptive effects compared to the costs measured under laboratory conditions (in light or absence of conspecifics). Moreover, we showed that behavioral and physiological parameters of prey may change differently in response to predation risk. Thus, conclusions drawn on the basis of single defence mechanisms and/or results obtained in artificial conditions, not reflecting the environmental complexity, strongly depend on the experimental design and endpoint selection and therefore should be treated with care.
Acute gastric conduit dilation after minimally invasive esophagectomy: a 10-year experience
Authors: Takahashi Hideo , Peng June , Brady Maureen , Roche Charles , Catalfamo Kayla , Attwood Kristopher , Yendamuri Sai , Demmy Todd L , Hochwald Steven N , Kukar Moshim 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Despite decreasing overall morbidity with minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), conduit functional outcomes related to delayed emptying remain challenging, especially in the immediate postoperative setting. Yet, this problem has not been described well in the literature. Utilizing a single institutional prospective database, 254 patients who underwent MIEs between 2012 and 2020 were identified. Gastric conduit dilation was defined as a conduit occupying &gt;40% of the hemithorax on the postoperative chest X-ray. Sixty-seven patients (26.4%) demonstrated acute conduit dilation. There was a higher incidence of conduit dilation in the patients who underwent Ivor Lewis esophagectomy compared to those with a neck anastomosis (67.2% vs. 47.1%; P = 0.03). Patients with dilated conduits required more esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) (P &lt; 0.001), conduit-related reoperations within 180 days (P &lt; 0.001), and 90-day readmissions (P = 0.01). Furthermore, in 37 patients (25.5%) undergoing Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, we returned to the abdomen after intrathoracic anastomosis to reduce redundant conduit and pexy the conduit to the crura. While conduit dilation rates were similar, those who had intraabdominal gastropexy required EGD significantly less and trended toward a lower incidence of conduit-related reoperations (5.6% vs. 2.7%). Multivariable analysis also demonstrated that conduit dilation was an independent predictor for delayed gastric conduit emptying symptoms, EGD within 90 days, conduit-related reoperation within 180 days, and 30-day as well as 90-day readmission. Patients undergoing MIE with acute gastric conduit dilation require more endoscopic interventions and reoperations.
Patients’ acceptance of less blood pressure measurement in consultation: a cross-sectional study in general practice
Authors: Richard Amélie , Trefond Jeromine , Lambert Céline , Balandreaud Guillaume , Vaillant-Roussel Hélène 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Blood pressure (BP) is measured at almost every general practitioner (GP) consultation in the region of Auvergne, France. A 2018 qualitative study shows that GPs measure BP to satisfy patients, whereas patients declare themselves indifferent to the absence of the measurement. The objective was to validate the results of a qualitative study, to quantitatively assess patient satisfaction when BP is not measured, and to study the factors associated with the degree of patient satisfaction.

Methods
This was a quantitative observational study conducted using self-questionnaires among patients in medical practices in Auvergne.

Results
Four hundred and ninety-two questionnaires were evaluated in 20 medical practices. Sixty percent of patients had indifferent or favorable feelings in the absence of BP measurement. In bivariate analysis, young age, male sex, absence of pathology, and low frequency of visits were associated with indifferent or favorable feelings in the absence of BP measurement. In multivariable analysis, a history of hypertension and psychiatric history were associated with unfavorable feelings. The intraclass correlation coefficient for practice-related variability was 5.6%. Patients’ susceptibility to having particularly favorable or unfavorable feelings could be related to their GP (physician effect).

Conclusion
The hypothesis put forward in the qualitative study is confirmed: the majority of patients are in favor of or indifferent to the absence of BP measurement in general practice. General practice could be more efficient by measuring BP less frequently and better.
Kinetic effects on the 660-km-phase transition in mantle upstreams and seismological implications
Authors: Lessing Stephan , Dobson David P , Rost Sebastian , Cobden Laura , Thomas Christine 
Published: June 2022

Summary
The effects of reaction kinetics of bridgmanite and ferropericlase transforming to ringwoodite on elastic properties in upwelling mantle are investigated using data of kinetic experiments and internally self-consistent thermodynamic modelling of density and seismic velocities. The kinetic experiments show inhibited grain growth of ringwoodite. At the initiation of ringwoodite growth, bridgmanite completely transforms to a metastable pyrope-bearing garnet. Ringwoodite then gradually grows from the metastable assemblage of ferropericlase and garnet. The changes in mineralogy result in a low-velocity zone directly above the 660 km seismic discontinuity due to the lower seismic velocities and densities of ferropericlase and garnet compared to ringwoodite and bridgmanite. The modelling of the effects of reaction kinetics and its effect on seismic structure at ∼660 km depth shows more sensitivity to grain size than to temperature and upwelling rate. Modelling 1-D synthetic seismograms of PP (SS) underside reflections off the kinetically inhibited backward reaction to ringwoodite shows advanced traveltimes of underside reflections off ∼660 km depth of 0.2–0.8 s (1.2–1.6 s) for upwelling rates of 50 cm yr–1 and initial grain sizes between 5 and 20 cm due to the low-velocity zone above the 660 km discontinuity. The finite width of the low-velocity layer results in frequency-dependent behaviour of PP and SS underside reflection amplitudes, with higher amplitudes towards shorter periods. The effect on the traveltimes of P-to-s conversions used for receiver function is small (&lt;0.7 s) but the inhibited backward reaction leads to strong amplitude changes and significant waveform variations. The effects of reaction kinetics in mantle upwellings might serve as an additional means to map regions of large-scale upwellings and to constrain grain size in the lower mantle.
Quantifying microseismic noise generation from coastal reflection of gravity waves recorded by seafloor DAS
Authors: Guerin G , Rivet D , van den Ende M P A , Stutzmann E , Sladen A , Ampuero J-P 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
Secondary microseisms are the most energetic noise in continuous seismometer recordings. They are generated by interactions between ocean waves, including between gravity waves incident on and reflected from the coast. Coastal reflections of ocean waves leading to coastal microseismic sources are hard to estimate in various global numerical wave models, and independent quantification of these coastal sources through direct measurements can greatly improve these models. Here, we exploit a 41-km-long submarine optical fibre (OF) cable located offshore Toulon, France, using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). We record both the amplitude and frequency of seafloor strains induced by ocean surface gravity waves, as well as secondary microseisms caused by the interaction of gravity waves incident and reflected from the coast. By leveraging the spatially distributed nature of DAS measurements, additional fundamental information is recovered such as the velocity and azimuth of the waves. We find that on average 30 per cent of the gravity waves are reflected at the coast generating local sources of secondary microseisms that manifest as Scholte waves. These local sources represent the most energetic contribution to the seismic noise recorded along the OF and by an onshore broad-band station located near the DAS interrogator. Furthermore, we estimate a coastal reflection coefficient of ocean surface gravity waves R2 of about 0.07, which provides improved constraints for seismic noise generation models. In addition, we show that new local sources of microseisms can be generated when gravity waves characteristics (azimuth and frequency content) change and lead to some delays between the OF cable and buoy recordings. These analyses pave the way for a wide use of DAS data to monitor ocean–solid earth interactions as they provide a wealth of information on the reflection of gravity waves, coastal microseismic sources, and new constraints for numerical models of microseismic noise.
The fungal elicitor eutypine from Eutypa lata activates basal immunity through its phenolic side chains
Authors: Guan Pingyin , Schmidt Florian , Fischer Jochen , Riemann Michael , Thines Eckhard , Nick Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) affect grape production and reduce vineyard longevity worldwide. Since the causative fungi also occur in asymptomatic trunks, we address disease outbreak in terms of altered chemical communication between host and endophyte. Here, we identified four chemically similar secondary metabolites secreted by the GTD-associated fungus Eutypa lata to analyse their modes of action in a grapevine cell culture of Vitis rupestris, where microtubules were tagged by GFP. Treatment with the metabolite eutypine activated defence responses, evident from extracellular alkalinisation and induction of defence genes. Eutypinol, instead, eliminated microtubules, in contrast to the other three compounds. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of four corresponding chemical analogues of these compounds, sharing the phenolic but lacking the alkyne moiety. These analogues were able to induce similar defence responses in V. rupestris cells, albeit at reduced amplitude. Since closely related moieties differing only in details of the side groups at the phenolic ring differ significantly with respect to the response of the host cell, we propose that these fungal compounds act through a specific binding site at the membrane of grapevine cells. We corroborate this specificity by combination experiments, where the eutypine and the eutypinol analogues behave competitively with respect to the elicited responses. In summary, Eutypa lata secretes compounds that elicit host defence in a specific manner by interfering with early events of immunity signalling. This supports the notion that a real understanding of GTDs has to address inter-organismic chemical communication.
O03 ST97 Staphylococcus aureus and oxacillin resistance: an emerging challenge for microbiologists?
Authors: Hughes G , Li D , Kerrigan R , Gupta I , Wilkinson S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The presence of cefoxitin and oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates is suggestive of methicillin resistance (MRSA) with molecular detection of the mecA or mecC genes providing confirmation. The UK SMI and EUCAST guidelines for MRSA detection describe a subset of strains that exhibit reduced susceptibility to oxacillin and cefoxitin, though negative for mecA and mecC genes—frequently named borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (BORSA). Local data noted a number of S. aureus isolates that matched the above phenotype leading to laboratory, clinical and epidemiological questions.

Methods
Routine samples were collected between August 2020 and April 2021 at West Midlands Health Security Agency Laboratory, Birmingham. If provisional results suggested an MRSA isolate, the following confirmatory tests were undertaken. Locally, clinical samples underwent susceptibility testing with cefoxitin disc diffusion and oxacillin gradient diffusion (MRSA screens) or Vitek 2 (non-MRSA screens). Isolates with discrepant results [susceptible to cefoxitin; resistant to oxacillin (MIC &gt;2 mg/L) or vice versa] were sent to the reference laboratory at Colindale, UK for further testing, which included mecA or mecC gene detection by PCR and serotyping with Illumina sequencing for all isolates.

Results
In total, 53 isolates were sent to the reference lab of which 22 were confirmed to have an ST97 serotype. All 53 were negative by PCR for mecA and mecC genes. For the 22 isolates of ST97, local oxacillin MIC values ranged from 2 to 6 mg/L. Cefoxitin susceptibility was confirmed locally in all isolates. The 22 isolates were from 15 patients; wound swabs (n = 18); blood culture (n = 1), sputum (n = 1) and MRSA screen (n = 2). Median patient age was 48 years (IQR 38–59) with 5 being female and 10 male. A history of injecting drug use was documented in 53% (8/15).

Conclusions
BORSA remains a problem from a laboratory, clinical and infection control perspective. This work raises two important questions: what is the most appropriate local laboratory testing pathway and what is the clinical relevance of these isolates (i.e. can flucloxacillin be relied upon in treatment)? The ST97 serotype appears to be associated with skin and soft tissue infection and may be linked to people who inject drugs.
P03 Improving antimicrobial stewardship and sustainability by promoting oral metronidazole in eligible surgical patients at the Royal Alexandra Hospital
Authors: Rodger Rachael , Robertson Amy , McGee Caroline , Chisholm Lindsey , Ballantyne Helen , McCutcheon Claire 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is essential to minimize the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.1 Timely IV to oral antibiotic switch and promotion of the oral route are key AS initiatives in the acute hospital setting.1 Metronidazole is commonly prescribed IV in the surgical management of intra-abdominal sepsis; however, metronidazole has excellent oral bioavailability of 95%–100%. In addition to improved AS, the oral route provides advantages to patients, staff and the environment including reduced patient risk of line infections/complications; reduced staff workload and healthcare costs; improved patient comfort/mobility; earlier discharge; and improved sustainability.

Objectives
To measure baseline proportion of surgical patients meeting the criteria for oral receiving oral metronidazole; introduce tests of change to promote use of oral metronidazole where appropriate; and measure changes in prescribing behaviour to determine if improvement has been achieved, with the aim of increasing the proportion of oral metronidazole prescribed to eligible Royal Alexandra Hospital (RAH) surgical patients to 50% by February 2022.

Methods
Baseline metronidazole prescribing data were collected over 6 weeks in surgical wards at the RAH. Exclusions for oral metronidazole included compromised gut absorption, oral route unreliable or worsening clinical condition/sepsis. A quality improvement approach was used to engage and raise awareness of the multidisciplinary surgical team to the benefits of prescribing oral metronidazole where appropriate. A range of methods were used including prospective audit and feedback; departmental presentations to surgical and pharmacy teams; eye-catching posters in key areas; staff champions; staff recognition awards; WhatsApp© group messages; and West of Scotland Surgical Association presentation. To measure improvement the proportion of oral and IV metronidazole prescribed was measured weekly and oral and IV metronidazole usage data in RAH surgical wards was measured monthly. A questionnaire was used to assess the impact of the project on nursing staff.

Results
Baseline data (n = 90) highlighted that only 13.5% of patients meeting the criteria for oral metronidazole were prescribed oral in RAH surgical wards. Post-change: oral metronidazole prescribing increased from a baseline median of 7% to 51%; IV metronidazole usage data decreased by 45%; there were 320 fewer IV metronidazole administrations per month; and nursing staff reported benefits including reduced workload, improved patient comfort and reduced plastic waste.

Conclusions
A quality improvement approach to engage and raise staff awareness of the benefits of oral metronidazole resulted in a change in prescribing behaviour and increased the proportion of oral metronidazole prescribed to eligible surgical patients to 50% by February 2022.
P08 The difficulty of Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication in a post-spinal anaesthesia meningitis
Authors: Kolovani Entela , Ramosaço Ergys , Xhumari Artur , Kryemadhi Nevila , Harxhi Arjan , Çomo Najada 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Meningitis and ventriculitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa are uncommon. They are commonly secondary hospital-onset and typically related to neurosurgical procedure. Previous studies have shown P. aeruginosa to be responsible for 1%–18% of nosocomial meningitis cases. Both treatment failure and relapses are known to occur, and the recorded mortality is high, approaching 80% in some studies.

Objectives
We report a case of P. aeruginosa meningitis in a 26-year-old woman following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section, its clinical characteristics, treatment challenges in the era of high generation antibiotics and the outcomes.

Results
A 26-year-old woman was hospitalized after 1 week of her third child delivery by caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia and 3 days after high fever and headache. Lumbar puncture was performed immediately, and leucocyte cell count was 723 cell/dL with 94% segmented neutrophils. CSF glucose was very low, and protein was 420 mg/dL. P. aeruginosa was isolated and it was susceptible to all antibiotics of standard panel. Cranial and lumbar region CT scans were normal. We modified empirical treatment and started ceftazidime and gentamicin. Three days after de-hospitalization in improved condition, she had high fever and strong headache and came back to hospital. We started treatment with imipenem and ciprofloxacin and 2 months after we performed several lumbar punctures, cranial MRIs and changed different antibiotic regimens with third generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems and colistin; her clinical situation such as headache and fever and CSF did not show any sign of improvement. Susceptible P. aeruginosa was isolated each time we examined her CSF. She decided to leave the hospital and 2 weeks after her headache worsened and a convulsive attack happened. The cranial MRI showed hydrocephaly and a white precipitate (pus) in the left lateral ventricle. An extraventricular drain helped to resolve hydrocephaly and intraventricular colistin was injected until CSF was sterilized. After 1 month she was in a very good condition and a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was placed.

Conclusions
P. aeruginosa meningitis was associated with some treatment difficulties. Even after an early nosological and microbiological diagnosis and an appropriate choice of antibiotics, based on bacterial meningitis treatment criteria and antibiogram, we couldn't eradicate the bacteria from CSF. To achieve success in this nosocomial infection from a not careful asepsis, sometimes a prolonged antibiotic and local treatment with intraventricular or intrathecal therapy is needed.
Automated medical literature screening using artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Yunying , Liang Siyu , Zhang Yuelun , Chen Shi , Wang Qing , Huang Tianze , Sun Feng , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
We aim to investigate the application and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for automated medical literature screening for systematic reviews.

Materials and Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library to identify potentially relevant studies. We included studies in automated literature screening that reported study question, source of dataset, and developed algorithm models for literature screening. The literature screening results by human investigators were considered to be the reference standard. Quantitative synthesis of the accuracy was conducted using a bivariate model.

Results
Eighty-six studies were included in our systematic review and 17 studies were further included for meta-analysis. The combined recall, specificity, and precision were 0.928 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.878–0.958], 0.647 (95% CI, 0.442–0.809), and 0.200 (95% CI, 0.135–0.287) when achieving maximized recall, but were 0.708 (95% CI, 0.570–0.816), 0.921 (95% CI, 0.824–0.967), and 0.461 (95% CI, 0.375–0.549) when achieving maximized precision in the AI models. No significant difference was found in recall among subgroup analyses including the algorithms, the number of screened literatures, and the fraction of included literatures.

Discussion and Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis study showed that the recall is more important than the specificity or precision in literature screening, and a recall over 0.95 should be prioritized. We recommend to report the effectiveness indices of automatic algorithms separately. At the current stage manual literature screening is still indispensable for medical systematic reviews.