bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of PSR J0523-7125 as a Circularly Polarized Variable Radio Source in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Wang Yuanming , Murphy Tara , Kaplan David L. , Klinner-Teo Teresa , Ridolfi Alessandro , Bailes Matthew , Crawford Fronefield , Dai Shi , Dobie Dougal , Gaensler B. M. , Graber Vanessa , Heywood Ian , Lenc Emil , Lorimer Duncan R. , McLaughlin Maura A. , O’Brien Andrew , Pintaldi Sergio , Pritchard Joshua , Rea Nanda , Ridley Joshua P. , Ronchi Michele , Shannon Ryan M. , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Stewart Adam , Wang Ziteng , Zic Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report the discovery of a highly circularly polarized, variable, steep-spectrum pulsar in the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Variables and Slow Transients (VAST) survey. The pulsar is located about 1° from the center of the Large Magellanic Cloud, and has a significant fractional circular polarization of ∼20%. We discovered pulsations with a period of 322.5 ms, dispersion measure (DM) of 157.5 pc cm−3, and rotation measure (RM) of +456 rad m−2 using observations from the MeerKAT and the Parkes telescopes. This DM firmly places the source, PSR J0523−7125, in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This RM is extreme compared to other pulsars in the LMC (more than twice that of the largest previously reported one). The average flux density of ∼1 mJy at 1400 MHz and ∼25 mJy at 400 MHz places it among the most luminous radio pulsars known. It likely evaded previous discovery because of its very steep radio spectrum (spectral index α ≈ −3, where S

ν
∝ ν

α
) and broad pulse profile (duty cycle ≳35%). We discuss implications for searches for unusual radio sources in continuum images, as well as extragalactic pulsars in the Magellanic Clouds and beyond. Our result highlighted the possibility of identifying pulsars, especially extreme pulsars, from radio continuum images. Future large-scale radio surveys will give us an unprecedented opportunity to discover more pulsars and potentially the most distant pulsars beyond the Magellanic Clouds.
An Assessment of the In Situ Growth of the Intracluster Light in the High-redshift Galaxy Cluster SpARCS1049+56
Authors: Barfety Capucine , Valin Félix-Antoine , Webb Tracy M. A. , Yun Min , Shipley Heath , Boone Kyle , Hayden Brian , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , Muzzin Adam , Noble Allison G. , Perlmutter Saul , Rhea Carter , Wilson Gillian , Yee H. K. C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The formation of the stellar mass within galaxy cluster cores is a poorly understood process. It features the complicated physics of cooling flows, active galactic nucleus feedback, star formation, and more. Here we study the growth of the stellar mass in the vicinity of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in a z = 1.7 cluster, SpARCS1049+56. We synthesize a reanalysis of existing Hubble Space Telescope imaging, a previously published measurement of the star formation rate, and the results of new radio molecular gas spectroscopy. These analyses represent the past, present, and future star formation, respectively, within this system. We show that a large amount of stellar mass—between (2.2 ± 0.5) × 1010
M
⊙ and (6.6 ± 1.2) × 1010
M
⊙ depending on the data processing—exists in a long and clumpy tail-like structure that lies roughly 12 kpc off the BCG. Spatially coincident with this stellar mass is a similarly massive reservoir ((1.0 ± 0.7) × 1011
M
⊙) of molecular gas that we suggest is the fuel for the immense star formation rate of 860 ± 130 M
⊙ yr−1, as measured by infrared observations. Hlavacek-Larrondo et al. surmised that massive, runaway cooling of the hot intracluster X-ray gas was feeding this star formation, a process that had not been observed before at high redshift. We conclude, based on the amount of fuel and current stars, that this event may be rare in the lifetime of a cluster, producing roughly 15%–21% of the intracluster light mass in one go, though perhaps a common event for all galaxy clusters.
Effects of Pressure Anisotropy on the Geometry of Magnetic Flux Rope
Authors: Teh Wai-Leong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to examine the effects of pressure anisotropy on the geometry of magnetic flux rope using the newly developed two-dimensional magnetohydrostatic reconstruction associated with pressure anisotropy. A small-scale magnetic flux rope observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, in the magnetosheath reconnection outflow during an outbound magnetopause crossing, is demonstrated. At the center of the flux rope, the magnetic field strength was enhanced with decreasing plasma pressure. The entire flux rope was mostly occupied by the pressure anisotropy of p
⊥ > p
∥, where the subscripts ∥ and ⊥ denote the components parallel and perpendicular to the local magnetic field, respectively. The estimated aspect ratio of the width to the length of the flux rope from reconstruction was ∼0.326 for p
⊥ > p
∥ and ∼0.389 for isotropic pressure. By comparing the magnetic field map from the isotropic Grad–Shafranov reconstruction, the results show for p
⊥ > p
∥ that (1) the width of the flux rope is reduced, leading to a small aspect ratio of the flux rope, and (2) the circular field line of the flux rope is contracted. Moreover, an experiment is conducted for p
∥ > p
⊥ by exchanging p
⊥ and p
∥ of the flux rope, for which the isotropic pressure is less affected. The experimental results indicate that the effects of p
∥ > p
⊥ on the geometry of the flux rope are opposite to that of p
⊥ > p
∥. The overall finding may provide new insight into charged particle acceleration within magnetic flux ropes/islands in anisotropic plasmas.
A Misfired Outburst in the Neutron Star X-Ray Binary Centaurus X-4
Authors: Baglio M. C. , Saikia P. , Russell D. M. , Homan J. , Waterval S. , Bramich D. M. , Campana S. , Lewis F. , Eijnden J. Van den , Alabarta K. , Covino S. , D’Avanzo P. , Goldoni P. , Masetti N. , Muñoz-Darias T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report on a long-term optical monitoring of the neutron star X-ray binary Centaurus X-4 performed during the last 13.5 yr. This source has been in quiescence since its outburst in 1979. Our monitoring reveals the overall evolution of the accretion disk; we detect short-duration flares, likely originating also in the disk, superimposed with a small-amplitude (<0.1 mag) ellipsoidal modulation from the companion star due to geometrical effects. A long-term (∼2300 days) downward trend, followed by a shorter (∼1000 days) upward one, is observed in the disk light curve. Such a rise in the optical has been observed for other X-ray binaries preceding outbursts, as predicted by the disk instability model. For Cen X-4, the rise of the optical flux proceeded for ∼3 yr, and culminated in a flux increase at all wavelengths (optical–UV–X-rays) at the end of 2020. This increase faded after ∼2 weeks, without giving rise to a full outburst. We suggest that the propagation of an inside-out heating front was ignited due to a partial ionization of hydrogen in the inner disk. The propagation might have stalled soon after the ignition due to the increasing surface density in the disk that the front encountered while propagating outward. The stall was likely eased by the low-level irradiation of the outer regions of the large accretion disk, as shown by the slope of the optical/X-ray correlation, suggesting that irradiation does not play a strong role in the optical, compared to other sources of emission.
Characteristics of the Permanent Superhumps in V533 Herculis
Authors: Leichty McKenna , Garnavich Peter , Littlefield Colin , Boyle Rebecca , Mason Paul A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We analyze two sectors of Transiting Exoplanet Sky Survey (TESS) photometry of the nova-like cataclysmic variable star V533 Her. We detect a periodicity consistent with the binary orbital period and estimate a revised value of 3.53709(2) hr. We also detect a strong signal near a period of 3.8 hr that we associate with positive superhumps. The superhump frequency varies over the TESS observations with the fractional difference between the superhump and orbital periods, ϵ, ranging between 0.055 ≤ ϵ ≤ 0.080. The superhump amplitude is correlated with its frequency such that the amplitude increases as ϵ decreases. Positive superhumps result from an instability that generates an eccentric accretion disk and ϵ is a measure of the disk precession rate in the binary rest frame. The observed correlation implies that as the disk precession rate slows, the disk eccentricity increases.
Association of M2 Macrophages, Th2, and B Cells With Pathomechanism in Microscopic Polyangiitis Complicated by Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Matsuda Shogo , Kotani Takuya , Kuwabara Hiroko , Suzuka Takayasu , Kiboshi Takao , Wada Yumiko , Ishida Takaaki , Fujiki Youhei , Shiba Hideyuki , Hata Kenichiro , Shoda Takeshi , Hirose Yoshinobu , Takeuchi Tohru 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo address the pathomechanism of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD) using serum biomarker profile and pulmonary histopathology.MethodsSerum biomarkers from patients with MPA-ILD (n = 32), MPA without ILD (n = 17), and healthy controls (n = 10) were examined. Based on the biomarker profiles, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were performed to classify patients with MPA-ILD into subgroups. Clinical characteristics and prognosis were assessed for each subgroup. Two lung biopsies were examined following H&E staining and immunostaining.ResultsT cell and macrophage polarization was skewed toward the T helper (Th) 2 cells and M2 macrophages in the MPA-ILD group relative to that in MPA without ILD group. The PCA allowed classification of the 19 biomarker profiles into 3 groups: (1) B cell– and neutrophil-related cytokines, vascular angiogenesis-related factors, extracellular matrix-producing factors; (2) Th1-driven cytokines, M1 macrophage-driven cytokines, and Th2-driven cytokines; and (3) M2 macrophage-induced and driven cytokines. The cluster analysis stratified the patients with MPA-ILD into clinically fibrotic-dominant (CFD) and clinically inflammatory-dominant (CID) groups. Notably, severe infections were significantly higher in the CFD group than in the CID group. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated intense CXC motif chemokine ligand 13 staining in B cells and Th2 cells in the interstitium of the lungs of patients with MPA-ILD.Conclusion.The activation of M2 macrophages, Th2 cells, and B cells plays a key role in the pathomechanism of MPA-ILD. Classification of MPA-ILD based on serum biomarker profile would be useful in predicting the disease activity and the complications of severe infection in MPA-ILD.
Impact des réseaux sociaux sur les supply chains : une interaction dynamique vue à travers le prisme de la proximité
Authors: Houé Thierry 
Published: May 2022

La diversité des liens qui existent au sein des supply chains peut engendrer l’apparition d’une pluralité de réseaux tant au niveau organisationnel qu’individuel. Des réseaux multiformes sont susceptibles de coexister, d’interagir et d’impacter le fonctionnement des chaînes logistiques. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’étudier des supply chains selon une approche micro-fondée menant à l’explication des relations interpersonnelles. Une analyse de réseaux d’individus via le concept polymorphe de proximité permet de répondre à la question de recherche suivante : comment différents réseaux sociaux influencent-ils des supply chains dans une logique d’interaction dynamique ? Un prestataire de services logistiques multi-clients et ses partenaires représentent le terrain d’investigation. Une étude qualitative s’appuyant sur une analyse des proximités décrit la dynamique des relations interpersonnelles et leur influence sur la chaîne logistique. Les résultats révèlent l’existence de deux réseaux sociaux typiques au sein des supply chains étudiées. Le réseau social ancré contribue à développer à la fois réactivité et agilité de la chaîne logistique. Le réseau social efficient impacte plutôt sa performance économique. L’organisation formelle de la supply chain affecte aussi le comportement des acteurs et leurs relations dans une sorte de jeu d’interaction dynamique. La chaîne logistique focalisée sur la réactivité et l’agilité donne plus d’autonomie aux actions individuelles d’acteurs adaptables tandis que celle recherchant davantage de performance en termes de coûts exige conformité et intégration des individus dans des relations structurées et codifiées. Cette dynamique donne dans le cas présent, la perception d’un co-renforcement des réseaux étudiés.
Evaluation of the ex-vivo porcine simulator on EUS-guided cystogastrostomy using lumen-apposing metal stent training
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa , Roshdy Noran , Taleb Amerah , Alfadda Abdulrahman , Al-Lehibi Abed , Altonbary Ahmed , Galal Ahmed , El-Fouly Amr , Kozlowska Anna , Khor Christopher , Isayama Hiroyuki , Okasha Hussein , Barthet Marc , Giovannini Marc , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Eisendrath Pierre , Kongkam Pradermchai , Ratanachu-ek Thawee , Nakai Yousuke 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Bckground and Objectives:
EUS-guided cystogastrostomy is a well-established advanced endoscopic technique with a steep-learning curve which necessitates an ex-vivo simulator that would allow for adequate training. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the model in allowing training for EUS-guided cystogastrostomy using lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS).

Subjects and Methods:
The model was created by ROEYA Training Center, Egypt, using native porcine tissue to create fluid collections simulating both cystic and solid lesions. It was designed and tested in advance while the hydrogel was added on-site. The simulator was evaluated prospectively in five training sessions involving 17 international experts. The task was to successfully deploy the LAMS to drain the created cyst. After using the simulator, the experts were asked to fill a questionnaire to assess their experience. The primary endpoint was overall satisfaction with the model as a training tool.

Results:
All of the experts were satisfied with the model as a tool to train endoscopists for the technique. 76.5% (n = 11) of the experts thought the model to be moderately realistic. Proper visualization was reported by 94.1% of the experts. All experts believed the lesions to be either slightly like or very similar to real lesions. The model was graded “easy” in difficulty by 11 of the experts.

Conclusions:
In all parameters assessed, the experts thought the model to be a useful tool for future training. This preliminary study suggests that the aforementioned simulator can be used to train endoscopists on using LAMS in a risk-free environment.
Independent risk factors for true malignancy in atypical cytologic diagnostic category in EUS-FNA/FNB of the pancreas
Authors: Zhang Ping-Ping , Wang Teng , Li Shi-Yu , Li Li , Su Xiao-Ju , Gu Pei-Yuan , Qian Yi-Ping , Li Feng , Gao Li , Jin Zhen-Dong , Wang Kai-Xuan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Objects:
An atypical cytologic diagnosis arises from inflammation or early neoplastic process. It is commonly found in EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) tissue sampling of pancreatic malignancies. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic performance of EUS-FNA/FNB in patients with cytologic diagnosis of atypical cells and to develop a prediction model for malignant tumors of the pancreas in the atypical cytologic diagnostic category.

Methods:
Two hundred and twenty-six patients in the atypical cytologic diagnostic category were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictive factors for pancreatic malignancies. The final diagnoses were confirmed by repeat biopsy; surgical pathology, or clinical follow-up for at least 6 months.

Results:
The atypical cytologic diagnosis using EUS-FNA/FNB was associated with an absolute risk of malignancy (82.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that older age, long axis of the mass, and increased carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were independent risk factors for true malignant pancreatic tumors among patients in the atypical cytologic diagnostic category. The calibration curve had a slope of 0.96, and a regression coefficient (R
2) of 0.91. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the validation group was 0.803.

Conclusions:
Atypical lesions of EUS-FNA/FNB have a higher risk of malignancy. Older age, the long axis of the mass, and elevated serum CA19-9 level were identified as independent risk factors for true malignant pancreatic tumors among patients in the atypical cytologic diagnostic category.
Multi-methodological Characterisation of Medieval to Early Modern Coral Beads from a Cesspit of the “Fronerei auf dem Schrangen” in Lübeck (Germany)
Authors: Bente Klaus , Berthold Christoph , Wirth Richard , Schreiber Anja , König Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Eight late medieval to early modern red beads representative of a total of 41 from a cesspit of the “Fronerei auf dem Schrangen” in Lübeck, Germany, were investigated using micro X-ray computed tomography (3D-μXCT), X-ray microdiffraction (μ-XRD2), transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The microscopic properties of the material were characterised non- destructively or minimally invasively for colouration, mineralogical and chemical composition determination but also with regard to their macroscopic external appearance. The polished beads are spherical with flattered tops and boreholes perpendicular to the flattening and show partially traces of working. As base material for all examined beads, high Mg-Calcite with polyenes could be identified. Combined with density and microstructure data, the beads are undoubtedly red precious corals, identical with modern corallium rubrum from the Mediterranean also confirmed by C- and O-isotopic analyses. The studies provide general criteria for the determination of corallium rubrum, confirming the macroscopically determined identification of other coral artefacts associated with the Hanseatic League, and thus prove their iconographic importance as well as the trade contacts with the Mediterranean region. However, the extent to which the characteristics of the coral beads indicate accidental or intentional individual or collective societal or social circumstances is left to further study.
Using machine learning to produce a cost-effective national building height map of Ireland to categorise local climate zones
Authors: Keany Eoghan , Bessardon Geoffrey , Gleeson Emily 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. ECOCLIMAP-Second Generation (ECO-SG) is the land-cover map used in the HARMONIE-AROME configuration of the shared ALADIN-HIRLAM Numerical Weather Prediction system used for short-range operational weather forecasting for Ireland. The ECO-SG urban classification implicitly includes building heights. The work presented in this paper involved the production of the first open-access building height map for the island of Ireland which complements the Ulmas-Walsh land cover map, a map which has improved the horizontal extent of urban areas over Ireland. The resulting building height map will potentially enable upgrades to ECO-SG urban information for future implementation in HARMONIE-AROME. This study not only produced the first open-access building height map of Ireland at 10 m × 10 m resolution, but assessed various types of regression models trained using pre-existing building height information for Dublin City and selected 64 important spatio-temporal features, engineered from both the Sentinel-1A/B and Sentinel-2A/B satellites. The performance metrics revealed that a Convolutional Neural Network is superior in all aspects except the computational time required to create the map. Despite the superior accuracy of the Convolutional Neural Network, the final building height map created results from the ridge regression model which provided the best blend of realistic output and low computational complexity. The method relies solely on freely available satellite imagery, is cost-effective, can be updated regularly, and can be applied to other regions depending on the availability of representative regional building height sample data.
Efficient high-dimensional variational data assimilation with machine-learned reduced-order models
Authors: Maulik Romit , Rao Vishwas , Wang Jiali , Mengaldo Gianmarco , Constantinescu Emil , Lusch Bethany , Balaprakash Prasanna , Foster Ian , Kotamarthi Rao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Data assimilation (DA) in geophysical sciences remains the cornerstone of robust forecasts from numerical models. Indeed, DA plays a crucial role in the quality of numerical weather prediction and is a crucial building block that has allowed dramatic improvements in weather forecasting over the past few decades. DA is commonly framed in a variational setting, where one solves an optimization problem within a Bayesian formulation using raw model forecasts as a prior and observations as likelihood. This leads to a DA objective function that needs to be minimized, where the decision variables are the initial conditions specified to the model. In traditional DA, the forward model is numerically and computationally expensive. Here we replace the forward model with a low-dimensional, data-driven, and differentiable emulator. Consequently, gradients of our DA objective function with respect to the decision variables are obtained rapidly via automatic differentiation. We demonstrate our approach by performing an emulator-assisted DA forecast of geopotential height. Our results indicate that emulator-assisted DA is faster than traditional equation-based DA forecasts by 4 orders of magnitude, allowing computations to be performed on a workstation rather than a dedicated high-performance computer. In addition, we describe accuracy benefits of emulator-assisted DA when compared to simply using the emulator for forecasting (i.e., without DA). Our overall formulation is denoted AIEADA (Artificial Intelligence Emulator-Assisted Data Assimilation).
ESCOLA NORMAL DE ANNAPOLIS - GO: O PERFIL DOS ALUNOS (1931)
Authors: Santos Tarsio Paula dos , Abreu Sandra Elaine Aires de 
Published: May 2022

A fundação da Escola Normal de Annapolis-GO, em 1931, tinha por objetivo formar professores primários. Para esse fim, oferecia dois cursos distintos e indissociáveis: complementar em dois ciclos (1º e 2º ano) e normal com quatro anos (1º, 2º, 3º e 4º ano). Nesse contexto, definimos como objetivo analisar o perfil dos alunos dessa instituição em 1931. A delimitação temporal adotada nessa investigação se justifica por ser o ano de fundação do referido educandário e, consequentemente, a formação do seu primeiro grupo discente. Utilizamos neste estudo a abordagem qualitativa e como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental. A documentação do acervo histórico da Escola Normal de Annapolis (1931 – 1937) permitiu-nos traçar o perfil dos seus normalistas em 1931, sendo que os aspectos analisados foram: o sexo, a idade, a naturalidade e a forma de comprovação de escolaridade, sendo este requisito decisivo para matrícula nos respectivos cursos, complementar e normal, ofertados pela instituição.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: História da Educação. Escola Normal. Anápolis. Perfil dos Alunos.