bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Pipe Integrity Management by Experimental Assessment Under Industrial Lab-Scale Conditions – LAB-TWIN
Authors: Wallauer Frederico Alberto , Bertoni Fabiano , Clevelario Judimar De Assiss , Polo Marco Angel Gabriel , Ribeiro Mario Luís , Sousa Sílvia , Dos Santos Fabrício Pinheiro , Baptista Ilson Palmieri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper describes innovative methodologies in industrial lab-scale, named LAB-TWIN, developed within a joint industry project (JIP) for flexible pipes integrity assessment under harsh environments, focused on CO2 induced failure phenomenon (SCC CO2). The LAB-TWIN comprises applying specific conditions according to the pipe application – e.g., production oil (PO), gas injection (GI) – to assess gas permeation through the pipes and explore the SCC CO2 degradation mechanism in a controlled environment, from initiation until failure.
To reproduce, as closely as possible, the operational field conditions, the experiments were designed to allow the application of specific boundary conditions in flexible pipe sections, including chemical content in the pipe bore (such as gas mixtures and oil), internal and external pressure and temperature, and axial static loads. The flexible pipe samples were assembled with customized test end-fittings that provide privileged annulus access, allowing the monitoring and measuring of annulus conditions throughout the tests. The samples were submitted to a corrosion process called degradation. After this period (months or even years), each pipe sample is dissected and inspected. Then, the materials are assessed at the laboratory level to determine the environmental impact in their main mechanical properties.
During the experiments, the gas permeation phenomenon through the polymeric layers occurs. It allows the generation of experimental data that can be used to calibrate theoretical permeation models based on annular pressure building up and annulus environment content, such as CO2.
The LAB-TWIN delivers valuable data to support permeation methodologies, better understand the SCC CO2 phenomena, and the up-to-date assessment of the flexible pipes service life prediction.
Shape Optimization of Steel Lazy Wave Risers for Slugging Fatigue
Authors: Singha Angshuman , Agarwal Puneet , Xu Wei , R V Bharath , Mukhopadhyay Saswata , Campbell Brad , Curtis Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While Steel Lazy Wave Risers (SLWRs) are an attractive riser system from wave fatigue perspective in deep waters, it has recently been found that they can be susceptible to fatigue from slugging. Slugging may occur under certain combination of gas and liquid rates for multiphase (oil-gas-water) flow. For a given flow rate, the magnitude of slugging fatigue is a function of the SLWR shape, i.e., length and location of the hog bend that is created by the buoyancy modules, as well as the length of the lower catenary. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology to optimize the SLWR shape against slugging fatigue.
The first step was to generate candidate riser shapes by varying key geometrical parameters for SLWR, which included the hang-off angle, length of the buoyancy, and the location of the buoyancy. For this purpose, an automated riser design tool was developed in the intelligent Deepwater Advanced Solutions Hub. This produced several hundred SLWR shapes. Static strength analysis and dynamic wave fatigue analysis were performed for all these shapes, and the shapes that passed both criteria were selected for slugging fatigue analysis.
Slugging fatigue consists of first running the flow assurance software Olga which produced time series of mixture density at each riser node. This spatial and temporal density data was used to compute gravity loads due to slug flow (centrifugal and Coriolis forces were found to be negligible), which were fed into the OrcaFlex software as an external load. Time domain dynamic analysis was performed and results post- processed to compute fatigue as well as extract stress time series at key locations for detailed assessment and sense checks. All these steps were coded in a Python module with parallel running capability. This enabled running hundreds of cases in a few days. Slugging fatigue was combined with other sources of fatigue (wave, VIV, and installation) to select riser shapes that meet fatigue requirements.
Results showed that the slugging fatigue can vary by up to a factor of 28 among various riser shapes for a given flow rate, demonstrating the value of shape optimization from slugging perspective. However, in scenarios involving sour service and production profiles with low flow rates causing severe slugging fatigue, even the optimized SLWR shape may require cladding or other solutions requiring further fatigue mitigation. It was found that a longer riser or a flatter arch gives higher slugging fatigue lives. Higher arch flatness alleviates long period slugging, which drives the slugging fatigue due to integral effect over the lower catenary, and increases fatigue life. Another interesting finding was that the shorter period slugging, which are due to local weight variations, provides an upper bound on slugging fatigue lives.
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Value Chain
Authors: Khurana Sandeep , Beck Steven 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to demystify the components of the value chain for carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS). The focus is on the technological challenges and advancements in capture, compression, transportation, and storage as well as the incentives available to deliver economic CCUS projects.
The paper identifies main components in the value chain, related costs and ways to reduce the overall breakeven carbon price, and shares economic case studies from recent projects and developments underway in the industry. The paper specifically compares and contrasts between two distinct case studies to assess the CCUS value chain as follows:
A standalone project case study from carbon capture to injection with a breakdown of the cost along with an economic analysis to establish the breakeven carbon price and ways to reduce it. A regional development case study in which the paper evaluates various development concepts of carbon capture sources and distribution of carbon for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and storage to contemplate ways to reduce further the breakeven carbon price.
The paper elaborates on challenges of carbon sequestration in the reservoirs and carbon resource storage-resource-management-system. It covers carbon tax credits available in the market place. Finally, the paper highlights a way forward for the industry to optimize the value chain segments with use of new technology and elaborate on configuration of regional concepts.
Revealing the Natural Fracture System in the LongMaxi Shale Gas Reservoir, Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Jiang Liwei , Zhang Lei , Luo Yufeng , Rui Yun , Ji Yubing , Wang Gaocheng , Liu Bo , Pan Feng , Wang Yue , Li Shenzhuan , Yu Daiguo , Sultan Gamal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Shale gas reservoirs in the LongMaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin, are the biggest proven shale gas reservoirs in China. The natural fracture system plays an important role in the shale gas exploration and development. Both high-angle calcite-cemented fractures and low-angle bedding fractures were observed in the core and resistivity image logs but the relationships between these two kinds of fractures is still not clear. Identifying and characterizing the natural fracture system in the shale gas reservoir were the objective of this case study.
The borehole resistivity image logs were acquired in several shale gas wells in southeast Sichuan Basin. Weobserved a spiky resistivity log response in some intervals of Longmaxi Formation. Image logs reveal that all these intervals have low-angle conductive features. Based on the crosscutting relationship of bedding and fractures, these features are conductive bedding fractures, which cut the high-angle resistive fractures in the formation. Both conductive and resistive bedding fractures are identified in the image logs and core data. The geochemical spectroscopy logs in this interval show low pyrite volume, which indicates the conductive bedding fractures are not filled by conductive minerals. It could be an effective pathway of fluid flow.
The natural fractures can be divided into three types: low-angle conductive bedding fracture, low-angle resistive bedding fracture, and high-angle resistive fracture. The bedding fractures and high-angle resistive fractures are mainly in the brittle zone of the LongMaxi Formation. We observed that the high density of the conductive bedding fractures will appear spiky on the resistivity logs, which will cause high horizontal permeability. Multiwell correlation shows that there will be more conductive bedding fractures in areas where the shale gas reservoir was undergoing tectonic stresses, which could have a negative impact on the shale gas enrichment. The bedding fractures were formed after the high-angle resistive fractures. Some bedding fractures were cemented by calcite, while some are still open. The identification of bedding fractures will help to understand the complex natural fracture system in the tight shale gas reservoir. The conductive bedding fractures will greatly enhance the horizontal permeability and will influence the fluid flow dramatically.
ISO/TC 67 Framework for Developing Semantic, Data/Term Centric Information Model
Authors: Olsen Helge , Stolk Sander , Anders Gjerver 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ISO/TC 67 Advisory Group 1 – "Digital Implementation" has studied current status on the ISO/IEC Information Model along with current Internet (W3C) standards and systems engineering principles in order to conclude on a possible future ISO/IEC Information Model facilitating production, publication, and utilization of content in standards and other governing type documents on a digital format that is interoperable and consumable by all types of end-user applications and digital markets.
The resulting Information Model aims at becoming standardized data/term-centric, directly consumable by semantic applications. This Information Model framework can be applied by: —ISO/IEC to revise its Information Model to facilitate production and publication of content on a semantic, data/term-centric machine-readable and -interpretable format—Government bodies creating and publishing laws and regulations—Companies and their project organizations creating and publishing company- and project-specific governing documents covering projects life cycles—Developers of end-user applications supporting the actual corporate work processes and their projects through their life cycles—Developers of digital markets
A globally standardized Information Model facilitating semantic, data/term-centric interoperability is possible to develop, and a framework is provided by this presentation. This Information Model differs significantly from the current ISO/IEC version that is very low-granular and demands massive manual interaction.
This Information Model framework presents a granularity level that can facilitate true machine-to-machine interoperability with minimized human interference – in contrast to current manual management of content in standards (and laws, regulations, company governing docs, etc) that is a very resource-consuming process prone to errors.
Qualification Program for End Fittings of Flexible Pipes
Authors: Geusti Lucas Alban , Rigon Henrique Chiaradia , Bertoni Fabiano , Clevelario Judimar de Assis , Carpigiani Marcos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Flexible pipes and their accessories are a pillar in the ultra-deep water oil and gas exploration, making them the focal points of analyses for integrity management, risk reduction and performance of the entire system. Responsible for the connection between two flexible pipes or between pipes and equipment, the end fittings are considered, in certain applications, a critical point of the system, requiring special attention to its design in order to ensure the highest reliability and minimize its impacts on flexible pipe design.
Every end fitting must, in its interface with the flexible pipe, provide internal and external sealing capacity as well as tensile strength when under various operational conditions. Additionally, the end fitting design should aim to reduce as much as possible the impact on the performance of the flexible pipe.
The qualification tests are divided into 3 levels – small, mid, and full-scale – representing, respectively, the characterization of interfaces and materials, individual systems and the product as a whole. In addition to this division, the tests are also divided based on their load cases as static, such as burst, axial tension, external and internal pressure, and dynamic, such as cyclic tensile tests combined with internal pressure.
All test results are related with predictions of design methodologies and application scenarios, thus validating the respective methodologies and categorizing the end fitting for an operational envelope.
This article details a qualification program of a new model of end fitting for offshore flexible pipes evidencing the strategy adopted and applicability in shallow to ultra-deep water fields, under static or dynamic loads.
Automated Measurement of Corrosion Thickness and Metal Loss
Authors: Windrim Lloyd , Ferguson Eric L. , Potiris Steven , Dunne Toby , Aziz Zarif , Gong Yuze , Bargoti Suchet , Ahsan Nasir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
If not closely monitored, corrosion on the surface of offshore oil and gas platforms leads to the increased risk of unplanned shutdowns. On-site fabric maintenance inspections of corrosion defects are labor-intensive and require frequent travel offshore. As a result, only a sample of the total defects are monitored during each inspection campaign, and a high-risk defect could be missed completely. Through the use of laser scanning techniques, this work develops an automated approach to measuring the height of blistering corrosion or depth of surface pitting. A workflow is suggested where inspectors use a web-based implementation of this technology to conduct maintenance inspections remotely from their computers, to filter high-priority defects that should be scheduled for follow-up inspection. In doing so, on-site inspections can be more targeted and efficient. The experimental results show that the calibrated blister height measurements using the measurement method had R2 correlations of 0.98 to 0.91 (depending on surface type) with hand-measurements done on-site by inspectors, which correspond to average root-mean-squared errors between 0.27 to 0.57 mm.
Digital Transformation for Promoting Renewable Energy & Sustainability: A Systematic Approach for Carbon Footprint Reduction in Well Construction
Authors: Mahmood Azfar , Thibodeaux Robert , Angelle Jeremy , Smith Logan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As the industry recovers from the recent downturn in petroleum commodity prices and the economic impacts from coronavirus (COVID-19), governing authorities in most countries are imposing methodological measures to promote the reduction of carbon footprint. This affects every industry including the petroleum sector. Therefore, most investors and stakeholders have increased their focus on Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) policies. During the well construction phase, a transition from a hydraulic to an electric tong is achieved, resulting in carbon footprint reduction.
Achieving carbon neutrality or carbon emission reduction while producing hydrocarbons is one of the topmost key performance indicators (KPIs) in the industry. With the implementation of digital technologies in the tubular and casing connection make-up process, a hydraulic tong is substituted with an electric tong of an equivalent specification. The energy consumption for both systems are calculated and compared. Other important KPIs on tracking operational cost are also assessed and the results are then compared to determine the benefits of implementing the upgraded digitalized tong solution.
The electric tong digitalized solution, commercially available in the petroleum industry, is a key enabler for carbon emission reduction while running tubulars in/out of the wellbore. This solution is one of the milestones that serve as foundation to advocate carbon reduction. Eventually, this will lead to establishing carbon neutrality during hydrocarbon extraction and production.
The results concluded that a digitalized solution eventually reduced personnel on board working in the "red zone," which eventually leads to carbon emission reductions caused by a decrease in fuel consumption. The decrease of 43% in CO2 emission is observed while performing tubular connection process. Moreover, an overall comparison between a legacy system with the digitalized electric system displayed more than 59% reduction in CO2 during the tubular running services. In addition to carbon reduction, this electric power and control solution allows for more precise torque control, leading to enhanced system integrity and increased reliability achieved by cleaner energy.
With this digital solution, not only is the safety and well-being of rig personnel enhanced to avoid any recordable incidents, the reduction of carbon emission is also achieved, aligning to the objectives of current ESG regulatory authorities. This paper will provide comprehensive details on the novelty of this technology and solution offered to the industry.
Use of the Vula App to refer patients in the West Coast District: A descriptive exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Steyn Louwrens , Mash Robert J. , Hendricks Gavin 
Published: April 2022

Background: Referral systems play a pivotal role in coordination and quality of care and should be evaluated for their utility. The Vula App is used by various disciplines and hospitals in South Africa to refer patients. The aim was to explore the perceptions of medical practitioners regarding the use of the Vula App in the West Coast District.Methods: A descriptive, exploratory qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with 11 medical practitioners. The highest and lowest users of the Vula App were selected from seven district hospitals. Qualitative data analysis used the framework method and Atlas-ti.Results: There were five themes: impact on the referral process, quality of care, coordination of care, continuous professional development, and how to improve the Vula App. Its use was well established in the outpatient and semi-urgent setting, but participants were hesitant to rely on it for immediate advice. Specialist advice via the Vula App enabled practitioners to manage patients remotely. The referral hand-over function had a positive impact on the coordination of care. Advice and feedback via the Vula App assisted with continuous professional development.Conclusion: The Vula App is a useful tool to refer patients to the emergency centre and outpatient departments. It can improve the immediate quality of care and sequential coordination of care. It has the potential to enable continuous professional development. There is a need to standardise its use, to ensure electronic information flows back to the district and to integrate the data into the district’s health information system.
Unpacking assisted admissions under the Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002
Authors: Narsi Kalpesh 
Published: April 2022

The Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 (MHCA) is a progressive piece of mental health legislation that has the potential to transform mental health services by emphasising patient rights and promoting integration and accessibility. The MHCA allows for the care, treatment and rehabilitation of mental healthcare users, who lack the competence to consent but who do not refuse treatment to be managed as assisted users. This article unpacks the concept and procedure of assisted admissions, comparing it with other types of admissions described in the MHCA. Relevant clinical and legal factors influencing the assisted admission status are discussed. The article concludes with a description of the advantages and challenges of assisted care, together with recommendations for its implementation.
Traumatic blunt aortic injury
Authors: Yeh Che-Hui , Li Jiun-Yi 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Traumatic blunt aortic injury (TBAI) is a rare event with an incidence rate of approximately 2.6 patients per year at a medical center. However, high rates of early mortality render it the second leading cause of mortality among traumatic injuries. The optimal management and long-term outcomes after intervention therapy remain unclear. We reviewed TBAI cases in our hospital and discussed the surgical strategy.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed ten patients diagnosed with TBAI between 2006 and 2019 in our Health insurance database. We used the grading system of the Society of Vascular Surgery. Patients who were classified as Grade 1 or 2 injuries received nonoperative treatment. Patients who were classified as Grade 3 or 4 injuries underwent surgical intervention. Follow-up computed tomography angiography was arranged within 1 year of discharge.

Results:
Two and seven patients presented with Grade 2 and 3 aortic injuries, respectively. One patient incidentally found chronic Type B aortic dissection after trauma. For one early case, open aortic replacement was performed. Four (including one brain dead) patients received nonoperative treatment. Five patients underwent percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Nine patients survived after treatment. Three of the five patients who underwent endovascular repair developed postoperative complications, including endoleak and paraplegia. Two patients who underwent nonoperative treatment showed complete resolution within 2 months.

Conclusion:
In selected cases with Grade 2 injury, nonoperative treatment may be appropriate and complete resolution of intramural hematoma may occur.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Jual Beli Bibit Ikan Lele Di Desa Kanci Kec. Astanajapura Kab. Cirebon
Authors: Agam Prasnuary  
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis adat kebiasaan dari proses perhitungan bibit ikan lele di Desa Kanci Kec. Astanajapura Kab. Cirebon, dalam hukum islam serta untuk menganalisis proses penetapan dalam jual beli bibit ikan lele di desa Kanci Kanci Kec.Astanajapura Kab.Cirebon,dalam hukum islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan pendekatan kualitatif sehingga hasil yang di dapat menunjukan tidak adanya kejelasan dari takaran bibit lele yang dijual dan dibeli. Walaupun demikian telah adanya kerelaan antara penjual dan pembeli, baik dari takaran itu sendiri maupun dari harga bibit lele tersebut.
Kata kunci: Hukum Islam, Jual beli, bibit lele
Meningkatkan Pendapatan Obyek–Obyek Pariwisata dengan Metode Integritas
Authors: Sabariah Etika 
Published: April 2022

Sektor Pariwisata cukup berpengaruh pada kontribusi pendapatan pemerintah, sehingga kinerja dari produktivitas adalah bagian terpenting untuk menjadi perhatian dengan melihat perubahan lingkungan globalisasi. Prospek sector pariwisata di Indonesia sangat menjanjikan pertumbuhan karena Indonesia Negara agraris, Negara maritime, beriklim tropis, tempat sejarah, memiliki berbagai sumber tujuan wisata. Banyak masalah yamg terjadi di bidang pariwisata seperti terdapat ketimpangan pendapatan wisata dari hari kerja dan hari libur dan berbagai resiko usaha yang melekat pada obyek pariwisata. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan strategi yang menekankan pada metode integrasi agar dapat meningkatkan pendapatan obyek – obyek wisata.
Kata kunci : Produktivitas, strategi, metode terpadu