bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological psoas muscle parameters as a reliable tool for detection of sarcopenia and prediction of short-term survival in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Motsiuk V. M. , Pentiuk N. O. 
Published: September 2022

Loss of skeletal muscle mass or sarcopenia is associated with the development of complications and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Skeletal muscle index (SMI) is the most validated parameter of sarcopenia in clinical studies, but its evaluation is difficult in routine clinical practice. The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic concordance between different radiologic skeletal muscle parameters and their relationship with a short-term survival of LC patients. The study involved 147 LC patients, including 90 males and 57 females (55.51±0.97). LC Class A according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) was diagnosed in 23 patients, class B in 51 patients, and class C in 73 patients. 50 patients died from LC complications during the follow-up period (489 (306 – 637) days). Skeletal muscle index (SMI), psoas muscle mass index (PMI), and transversal psoas muscle thickness (TPMT) were calculated using the computed tomography at L3 level. The statistical data was processed using the SPSS22 software (© SPSS Inc.). PMI and TPMT were found to be objective parameters of sarcopenia in LC patients having stable diagnostic concordance with SMI (r Spearman’s 0.734, 0.649, p˂0.001; k Cohen’s 0.727, 0.643, p˂0.001, respectively). The use of all three parameters allowed to reveal more patients with a reduced skeletal muscle mass. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 54.9 % of CTP B patients, 86.3 % of CTP C patients, and was associated with an elevated incidence of ascites, hydrothorax, hepatic encephalopathy, and hypoalbuminemia. Sarcopenic patients were found more likely to have an alcohol-related etiology than viral one (HBV, HCV). The overall survival of patients with low SMI, PMI and TPMT was significantly lower according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. SMI, PMI, and TPMT were independent predictors of LC-associated mortality (HR 2.66, 2.19, 2.21, respectively, p˂0.05) in Cox proportional hazards regression. At least one of the three decreased radiologic skeletal muscle mass parameters was associated with the highest risk of fatal LC complications (HR 3.65, p=0.021). Therefore, the psoas muscle dimensions were considered a reliable tool for detection of sarcopenia and prediction of short-term survival in LC.
Effect of Microplasma Spray Conditions on Structure, Phase Composition and Texture of Hydroxyapatite Coatings
Authors: Borisov Y. , Voynarovych S. , Kislitsa A. , Borisova A. , Karpetz M. , Tunik A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were deposited onto titanium alloy substrate using the microplasma spray (MPS) technique. The fractional-factorial experiment design method was employed to study the relationships between MPS parameters (amperage, plasma gas flow rate, spray distance and powder rate) and characteristics of HA coatings (microstructure, morphology, content of crystalline and amorphous phases, texture). Influence of coating thickness and the deposited coating heat treatment were evaluated also. The results show some peculiarities of HA coating formation in conditions of microplasma spraying process.
Introduction of Bioactivity to Plasma Sprayed TiO2 Coating with Nanostructured Surface by Post-Treatment
Authors: Liu X.Y. , Zhao X.B. , Ding C.X. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, a TiO2 coating with nanostructured surface was obtained through plasma sprayed nano-sized TiO2 powder. Its bonding strength onto Ti-6Al-4V substrate is high up to 38 MPa. At same time, we have successfully improved the bioactivity of plasma sprayed TiO2 coating with nanostructured surface using hydrogen ion implantation and UV illumination. Bone-like apatite can form on the surface of the post-treated TiO2 coatings after they are soaked in simulated body fluid for a period of time. Introduction of surface bioactivity (bone conductivity) to plasma-sprayed TiO2 coatings which are generally recognized to have excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance as well as high bonding to titanium alloys makes them more superior than many current biomedical coatings such as plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite.
Bonding Strength Investigation of Plasma-sprayed HA Coatings on Alumina Substrate with Porcelain Intermediate Layer
Authors: Yang Y.C. , Choun C.S. , Chang E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has recently been used as a bone substitute in orthopedic and dental surgery applications, owing to its excellent biocompatibility. However, the poor mechanical properties of HA limit the material’s application in the loading condition. In this study, HA was coated onto the surface of alumina substrate, with a view to overcome the poor mechanical properties of HA and the biocompatibility of alumina. Improvement of the bonding strength of HA coatings to alumina substrate was attempted by adding a bond coat of porcelain via plasma-spraying and by post heat-treatment. HA-50wt% porcelain and pure porcelain were used to manufacture two kinds of bond coat before HA coating, and then all the specimens were heat-treated at 750°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C for 0.5 hours. The results shows that the bond strength between HA coating and Al2O3 substrate could be improved by employing the porcelain as the bond coat after the heat treatment. The strengthening mechanisms of the two systems are discussed.
The Influence of Particle Morphology on In-flight Particle Velocity in Cold Spray
Authors: Fukanuma H. , Ohno N. , Sun B. , Huang R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cold spray is a relatively recent spray coating technology in which metal or alloy particles are plastically deformed by the kinetic energy of the particles accelerated in a supersonic gas flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle before hitting the substrate. The particle velocity at impact onto the substrate is a key factor in determining the characteristics of the cold spray deposit. Therefore, various studies have been carried out on particle acceleration with the aim of obtaining faster cold spray particle velocities. Mathematical modeling has also been carried out on spherical particle acceleration in a supersonic gas flow in a Laval nozzle. To understand better how a non-spherical particle behaves in a supersonic gas flow, experiments were carried out on the effect of morphology on particle acceleration in cold spray. Two types of powder morphology were used for the experiment, one was spherical and the other was angular and jagged. The particle size distributions were almost the same. In-flight particle velocities of the spherical and angular particles were measured with a DPV-2000. It was found that the particle morphology greatly influenced the in-flight particle velocity and deposit efficiency.
Cold Sprayed Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum (DRA)
Authors: Haynes J. , Pandey A. , Karthikeyan J. , Kay A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) has many attractive mechanical and physical properties. Discrete hard particles such as B4C have been added to aluminum alloys, such as 6061, to add strength and stiffness for an improved performance. Traditionally, these particles are introduced in melt additions and extruded or made into preforms and cast. These ceramic particles are also added in aluminum through a powder metallurgy process resulting in extrusion or forging. Inhomogeneous distribution of these particles in casting results in inferior properties and also it is difficult to produce preforms with high volume fraction materials. While wrought properties can be achieved in the powder metallurgy approach, extrusion directionality of the process introduces anisotropic properties. Though thermal spray has been used to produce DRA coatings, it has been observed that the melting and re-solidification of the aluminum matrix material as well as reaction with potential substrates such as copper is of concern. Since cold spray does not melt the feedstock material, it is ideally suitable for producing DRA coatings. Boron carbide particles and 6061 aluminum alloy were used as reinforcing and matrix material respectively. Experimental studies were carried out to optimize the raw material characteristics, DRA powder preparation technique and spray parameters, and using these optimized parameters, dense and strong coatings and free-forms were produced. Proper selection of the particle size distribution of the matrix and reinforcing materials, wet blending them and subsequent drying yielded the required spray feedstock. Optimization of the spray parameters resulted in strong, dense and well-bonded coatings with acceptable deposition efficiency and deposition rate values. Post spray heat treatments were carried out to retrieve the ductility of the specimens. A series of mechanical property measurements were carried out on the as-sprayed and heat treated specimens. Results of these studies were analyzed to evolve a preliminary model of the DRA structures and establish the feasibility of cold spray production of DRA coatings and free-form structures.
Comparison Between Coatings from two Different Copper Powders: Mechanical Properties, Hardness and Bond Strength
Authors: Kairet T. , Di Stefano G. , Degrez M. , Campana F. , Janssen J-P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cold sprayed copper coatings have been widely studied but the effect of substrate properties and spraying conditions on the bond strength still needs further investigations. Using nanoindentation, it is possible to compare the effect of spray parameters on the change in hardness of the coating due to the difference in size distribution of the powder. Deposition of 2 copper powders on aluminium and Ta6V substrates has been done at different stagnation temperatures and pressures using nitrogen as process gas. Hardness profiles show how the speed of the particles induces shot peening effects on the surface. The interaction between the hot gas jet and the surface may modify the hardness profiles. The effect on the substrate hardness has also been investigated.
Influence of Powder Type and Properties on Ceramic Layer Deposition by Cold Spraying
Authors: Veräjänkorva S. , Lagerbom J. , Vuoristo P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ceramic deposition produced by cold spraying was studied for functional surface applications. Several oxide materials and metal matrix composite (MMC) powders were used to model the behavior of ceramic powder deposition on soft metallic substrate materials. The manufacturing method, density and size of ceramic powders and matrix material of MMC were found to affect the deposition on soft metal surfaces. The powder density influences the deposition greatly and it is also an important factor in finding an ideal powder particle size. Fusing and crushing the powder can be a good manufacturing method if the fusion does not cause phase transformations in the powder. In that case, spray drying with sintering can give better results. Spraying parameters, such as the process gas parameters and the effect of multiple sweeps of the torch were also studied to optimize the amount of deposition. Cold spraying was found to be a promising manufacturing method for functional surfaces.
Mechanisms Resulting in Improved Ductility of Cold Spray Coatings after Annealing
Authors: Hall A.C. , Williamson R.L. , Hirschfeld D.A. , Roemer T.J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An earlier study reported an investigation of the mechanical properties of cold sprayed aluminum and the effect of annealing on those properties. In that study, cold spray coatings approximately one centimeter thick were prepared using three different feedstock powders: Valimet H-10, Valimet H-20, and Brodmann Flomaster. ASTM E8 tensile specimens were machined from these coatings. Each material was tested in two conditions: as-sprayed and after a 300°C, 22 hour air anneal. The as-sprayed material showed a high ultimate strength and low ductility, &lt; 1% elongation. The annealed samples showed a reduction in the ultimate strength but a dramatic increase in ductility, up to 10% elongation. Microstructural examinations and fractography clearly showed a change in the fracture mechanism between the as-sprayed and annealed material, but insufficient data was available to conclusively explain the ductility increase at that time. Since then, Kikuchi mapping of the Valimet H-10 material in the as-sprayed and annealed conditions has been conducted. Kikuchi mapping allows indexing of grains, identification of grain boundaries, and phase identification using backscattered diffraction patterns in an SEM. The data shows that significant recrystallization within the splats upon annealing has occurred. No significant crystal growth across splat boundaries is observed. The data demonstrate that the mechanism of ductility increase in annealed cold spray deposits is recrystallization of the base aluminum material.
Modeling the Restrike Mode Operation of a DC Plasma Spray Torch
Authors: Moreau E. , Chazelas C. , Mariaux G. , Vardelle A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A key aspect of the operation of conventional non-transferred Direct Current (DC) plasma torches is the random motion of the arc inside the nozzle. Various plasma gun designs have been developed to limit the arc fluctuations without increasing the heat load to the anode wall that results in surface erosion and anode wear. However, construction of these plasma torches is highly complex while the conventional DC plasma torch consists of small number of elements and is simple to manufacture and maintain. A better understanding of the behavior of the arc-anode attachment and the way it depends on the operating conditions may help to design and operate conventional plasma torches so that the fluctuation of the time-voltage and therefore the time-enthalpy variation, is as low as possible with a fluctuation frequency adapted to the time characteristic of the powder particles in the plasma jet. This study deals with a three-dimensional (3-D) time-dependent modeling of the arc and plasma generation in such a torch operating under the so-called “restrike” mode. The latter is characterized by rather large voltage fluctuations, corresponding to a broad range of conditions used in the manufacturing of plasma coatings. The mathematical model is based on the simultaneous solution of the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, electric current and electromagnetism equations. It makes it possible to predict the effect of the operating parameters of the plasma torch on the motion of the anode root attachment over the anode surface, and the time-evolution of arc voltage and flow fields in the nozzle.
Modelling of Motion and Heating of Powder Particles in Laser, Plasma and Hybrid Spraying
Authors: Borisov Yu. , Bushma A. , Krivtsun I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mathematical models for simulation of motion and heating of fine ceramic particles in plasma and laser spraying, as well as under conditions of a new technological process, i.e. hybrid laser-plasma spraying, are proposed. Trajectories, velocities and temperature fields of fine SiO2 particles being sprayed using the argon plasma jet, CO2-laser beam and their combination have been calculated. It is shown that the space-time distribution of temperature in spray particles greatly depends upon the spraying method.
Advanced Coatings on Furnace Wall Tubes
Authors: Matsubara Y. , Sochi Y. , Tanabe M. , Takeya A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nickel based self-fluxing alloy coating extends the service life of furnace wall tubes at waste incineration plants due to its excellent corrosion resistance and heat resistance. With our system, fusing of such coatings is performed by induction heating, which offers improved efficiency and reliability of products. Compared with conventional plasma, flame, and HVOF thermal-sprayed coatings, induction-fused coatings provide a far stronger metallurgical bond at the interface, while minimizing the inclusion of pores. In addition, the tubes are less costly than those with welded coatings, and the process reduces the distortion of the products, facilitating easier final assembly. A successful experimental application of 11 units (four, six-meter pipes per unit) revealed virtually no corrosion on the exposed surfaces, and showed an improved water heating efficiency over that of the original mortar-coated tubes. Over 200 such units are now being employed in four incinerators in Taiwan, and further installations are in progress.
Low Thermal Conductivity Coatings for Gas Turbine Applications
Authors: Markocsan N. , Nylén P. , Wigren J. , Li X.-H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plasma spraying of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on gas turbine parts is widely used today either to enable higher turbine inlet temperatures with consequent improvement of combustion efficiency or to reduce the requirements for the cooling system and increase components life-time. Development of low conductivity TBCs, which allows us to further increase gas turbine efficiency and availability, is an ongoing challenge. In order to get low thermal conductivity values an experimental program was conducted. Two zirconia powders were used for coating deposition: yttria partial stabilised zirconia (YPSZ) and dysprosia partial stabilised zirconia (DyPSZ). Microstructure evaluations were performed to evaluate the influence of the spraying parameters on the coating morphology and porosity level. Two methods were utilised to evaluate the coatings thermal conductivity: Laser Flash (LF) and Transient Plane Source (TPS). A comparison between the two methods was made as well as a correlation study between coating microstructure/composition and thermal conductivity (TC).
Corrosion Resistance of SS304 Substrate Coated with Al2O+ZrO2 Composite Coatings Prepared by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying
Authors: Kobayashi A. , Zhang J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, composite thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of Al2O3+ZrO2 are deposited on SS304 stainless steel substrates by gas tunnel type plasma spraying. The resultant coating samples prepared with different Al2O3+ZrO2 mixing ratio and thickness are compared in corrosion resistance. A potentiostatic anodic polarization corrosion tester is used to get the corrosion characteristics of coated samples to measure their corrosion resistance. From the polarization curves, corrosion potential and deactivated corrosion current density are obtained and analyzed corresponding to the microstructure of the coatings. The results show that the higher alumina content and thicker coatings, the better the corrosion resistance, which is attributed to the diffusion resistance of coating layers to corrosion reaction. The coating microstructure is characterized using an optical microscope imaging system and measured the coating thickness and porosity. The coating porosity and thickness are believed to be the important factors for the variation on the corrosion behavior of Al2O3+ZrO2 coated SS304 stainless steel substrates.
Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructured Plasma Sprayed Zirconia Coatings
Authors: Soltani R. , Garcia E. , Coyle T.W. , Mostaghimi J. , Lima R.S. , Marple B.R. , Moreau C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Retaining non-melted nano-particles of zirconia in nanostructured coatings has been a challenge in the past. Recently an air plasma spray process was developed to produce coatings which retain up to 30-35% by volume non-melted particles, resulting in a unique structure. The creep/sintering behavior of such thermal barrier coatings deposited from nanostructured feedstock has been measured and compared with deposits produced from hollow sphere powder (HOSPTM). Both feedstocks contain 6-8wt% Y2O3 as stabilizer. Flexure and compression creep testing were conducted under several different loads and temperatures to obtain creep exponents and parameters.
Optical Properties of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Plasma-Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Debout V. , Vardelle A. , Abélard P. , Fauchais P. , Meillot E. , Bruneton E. , Schelz S. , Branland N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to establish relationships between the optical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) plasma-sprayed coatings and their microstructure to improve YSZ thermal barriers. So, coatings with significant microstructural differences were manufactured and their hemispherical reflectance and transmittance were investigated over the 0.25-20µm wavelength range. However as plasma-sprayed coatings are heterogeneous materials, they exhibit optical properties different from those of homogeneous ones. Indeed, the pores and grain boundaries act as scattering centers and cause modifications in optical properties that are closely linked both to intrinsic properties of materials and microstructural characteristics. Therefore, the extinction coefficient which describes the decrease in light intensity due to the light absorption and diffusion processes in the matter, was determined by using the Kubelka-Munk two-flux model. The absorption and diffusion coefficients were infered from the comparison between the experimental data and model predictions of reflectance and transmittance.
HVOF-Applied WC-Co-Cr as a Hard Chrome Replacement for Landing Gear
Authors: Evans B. , Panza-Giosa R. , Cochien Brikaras E. , Maitland S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Airbus A380 program marked the Goodrich Landing Gear introduction of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) applied tungsten carbide cobalt chrome (WC-Co-Cr) coating as a replacement coating for electrolytic hard chrome. HVOF is a new coating technology when applied to aircraft landing gear so specifications for coating application, finishing, powder and supplier qualification were developed to reflect the unique function of landing gear components. Since the materials, sizes and shapes of landing gear components are dissimilar to other aerospace parts currently HVOF sprayed, the capabilities of each spraying and grinding supplier needed careful assessment. Both suppliers and internal customers required training on the requirements specific to landing gear. This paper will discuss the development of HVOF specifications specific to aircraft landing gear, the methods developed for qualifying HVOF suppliers, and some challenges encountered when introducing HVOF-applied WC-Co-Cr as a hard chrome replacement.
Microstructure and Properties of Thermally Sprayed Al-Sn based Alloys for Plain Bearing Applications
Authors: Marrocco T. , Driver L.C. , Harris S.J. , McCartney D.G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Al-Sn plain bearings for automotive applications traditionally comprise a multilayer structure. Conventionally, bearing manufacturing involves casting the Al-Sn alloy and roll¬bonding to a steel backing strip. Recently, high velocity oxy- fuel thermal spraying has been employed as a novel alternative manufacturing route. The present project extends previous work on ternary Al-Sn- Cu alloys to quaternary systems, which contain specific additions for potentially enhanced properties. Two alloys were studied in detail, namely Al-20wt.%Sn-lwt.%Cu-2wt.%Ni and Al-20wt.%Sn-lwt.%Cu-7wt.%Si. This paper will describe the microstructural evolution of these alloys following HVOF spraying onto steel substrates and subsequent heat treatment. Microstructures of powders and coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and phases identified by X-ray diffraction. Coating microhardnesses were determined in both as-sprayed and heat treated conditions and differences related to the microstructures which developed. Finally, the wear behaviour of the sprayed and heat treated coatings in hot engine oil was measured using an industry standard test and compared with that of conventionally manufactured Al-Sn bearings.