bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of swarmalators: A pedagogical review
Authors: Sar Gourab Kumar , Ghosh Dibakar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Swarmalators have emerged as a new paradigm for dynamical collective behavior of multi-agent systems due to the interplay of synchronization and swarming that they inherently incorporate. Their dynamics have been explored with different coupling topologies, interaction functions, external forcing, noise, competitive interactions, and from other important viewpoints. Here we take a systematic approach and review the collective dynamics of swarmalators analytically and/or numerically. Long-term states of position aggregation and phase synchronization are revealed in this perspective with some future problems.
Clinical, Endocrine and Neuroimaging Findings in Girls With Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Fava Daniela , Calandrino Andrea , Calevo Maria Grazia , Allegri Anna Elsa Maria , Napoli Flavia , Gastaldi Roberto , Patti Giuseppa , Casalini Emilio , Bassi Marta , Accogli Andrea , Alyasin Abdel Razaq Ahmad A , Ramaglia Antonia , Rossi Andrea , Maghnie Mohamad , Morana Giovanni , Di Iorgi Natascia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) includes a spectrum of conditions. Girls younger than age 6 years with CPP should undergo cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but it remains controversial whether all girls who develop CPP between the ages of 6 and 8 years require neuroimaging examination.

Objective
To investigate the frequency of brain MRI abnormalities in girls diagnosed with CPP and the relationship between maternal factors, their age at presentation, clinical signs and symptoms, hormonal profiles, and neuroimaging findings.

Methods
Data were collected between January 2005 and September 2019 from 112 girls who showed clinical pubertal progression before 8 years of age who underwent brain MRI.

Results
MRI was normal in 47 (42%) idiopathic (I) scans, 54 (48%) patients had hypothalamic-pituitary anomalies (HPA) and/or extra-HP anomalies (EHPA), and 11 (10%) had brain tumors or tumor-like conditions (BT/TL), including 3 with neurological signs. Associated preexisting disorders were documented in 16. Girls with BT/TL had a higher LH peak after GnRH test (P = 0.01) than I, and those older than age 6 years had a higher craniocaudal diameter of the pituitary gland (P = 0.01); their baseline FSH and LH (P = 0.004) and peak FSH (P = 0.01) and LH (P = 0.05) values were higher than I. Logistic regression showed maternal age at menarche (P = 0.02) and peak FSH (P = 0.02) as BT/TL risk factors.

Conclusions
MRI provides valuable information in girls with CPP by demonstrating that fewer than half have a normal brain MRI and that few can have significant intracranial lesions after the age of 6, despite the absence of suggestive neurological signs.
ERK1/2-RSK2 Signaling in Regulation of ERα-Mediated Responses
Authors: Lannigan Deborah A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Signaling via extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), a downstream effector, mediates numerous processes. For example, ERK1/2-RSK signaling is essential for estrogen homeostasis in the mammary gland and uterus to maintain physiological responsiveness. This review will focus on the coordination of ERK1/2-RSK2 and estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The interrelationship and the feedback mechanisms between these pathways occurs at the level of transcription, translation, and posttranslational modification. Identifying how ERK1/2-RSK2 and estrogen signaling cooperate in homeostasis and disease may lead to novel therapeutic approaches in estrogen-dependent disorders.
CUX2/KDM5B/SOX17 Axis Affects the Occurrence and Development of Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Lili , Zhu Genbao , Tan Kemeng , Jiang La , Li Yafen , Zhu Xiaohong , Lin Zongwu , Zhang Xinghai , Chen Jie , Ma Chengquan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
Abnormal expression of CUT-like homeobox 2 gene (CUX2) has been highlighted as potential clinical biomarkers in human cancers. Notably, the function of CUX2 has been less elucidated in breast cancer (BC). We focused on the role of the CUX2 in tumorigenesis and progression of BC with the involvement of the lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B)/sex determining region Y-box 17 (SOX17) axis.

Methods
CUX2, KDM5B, and SOX17 expression levels in BC tissues and cells were tested by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Later, the effects of CUX2, KDM5B, and SOX17 on the malignant behaviors of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were analyzed by CCK-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays in vitro. The interactions of CUX2, KDM5B, and SOX17 were validated by online website prediction, ChIP assay, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice was conducted to observe the roles of CUX2, KDM5B, and SOX17 in BC tumor growth in vivo.

Results
CUX2 and KDM5B were highly expressed while SOX17 had low expression in BC. Inhibition of CUX2 suppressed BC cell malignant phenotypes. CUX2 promoted KDM5B expression through transcriptional activation, enabling its high expression in BC. KDM5B inhibited SOX17 expression through histone demethylation. Overexpression of KDM5B or downregulation of SOX17 reversed the inhibitory effect of CUX2 downregulation on the malignant behaviors of BC cells. Inhibition of CUX2 impeded BC cell growth in vivo through the KDM5B/SOX17 axis.

Conclusion
This study highlights that suppression of CUX2 inhibits KDM5B to repress tumorigenesis and progression of BC through overexpressing SOX17.
Supervised Physical Activity Quickly Improves Social Dimension of Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: BRIANT ANAÏS , FRANDEMICHE CHARLINE , SEVIN EMMANUEL , KALUZINSKI LAURE , LEVY CHRISTELLE , ANDRÉ MICHEL , RAT FLORIAN , LUCAS VINCENT , DADOUN NATHALIE , SEGURA CARINE , JOLY FLORENCE , DELCAMBRE CORINNE , BEAUPLET BÉRENGÈRE , LEROSIER BERTRAND , BESNIER ANNE , DESVERGÉE ANTOINE , LECONTE PASCALE , MORELLO RÉMY , BLAIZOT XAVIER 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the implementation of the program in real life and the evolution of the quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients after 3 months of supervised PA in real life and to determine the factors associated with changes in various QoL dimensions.

Methods
This prospective cohort study was carried out in female patients with breast cancer diagnosed within a maximum of 3 yr. QoL and physical exertion intensity during the supervised physical activity (PA) sessions were assessed by the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer and Borg scale, respectively. Statistical analyses comparing QoL scores between the start and the end of supervised PA program were assessed using paired Student’s t-tests. Multivariate analysis was performed by linear regression with only variables with a P value <0.15 in univariate model.

Results
A total of 93 patients were included in the analyses. There was a significant improvement of social functioning at T3 (∆ = 11.5; P < 0.001). The improvement of social functioning was significantly and independently associated with the Borg improvement (β = 2.66 ± 1.31, P = 0.046), chemotherapy (β = 11.03 ± 5.45, P = 0.046), hormone therapy (β = −13.91 ± 5.51, P = 0.013), social isolation (β = −14.81 ± 6.55, P = 0.026), and comorbidities (β = −15.32 ± 5.59, P = 0.007).

Conclusions
We observed a real enthusiasm and need among patients for practicing PA supervised by a sport trainer near their home. The increase in the intensity of exercise over time contributes to the improvement of the QoL, especially on the social functioning. These results, consistent with previous literature, reinforce the importance of exercise intensity on many dimensions of QoL. In addition, patients expressed great satisfaction with the supervised program, resulting in a strong desire to maintain long-term PA.
Breast cancer
Authors: Ομέρ-Μουσταφά Αίντα 
Published: July 2022

Εισαγωγή: Ο καρκίνος του μαστού είναι ο πιο συχνός καρκίνος στις γυναίκες στο Σουδάν και την Ελλάδα. Μόλις διαγνωστεί, η γυναίκα υποβάλλεται σε ποικίλες ιατρικές παρεμβάσεις για θεραπεία, όπως χειρουργική επέμβαση, ακτινοθεραπεία, χημειοθεραπεία ή ορμονική θεραπεία και αυτή η περίοδος είναι πολύ αγχωτική για την ασθενή και την οικογένειά της και σύζυγό της. Στόχος της μελέτης: Στόχος μας ήταν να διερευνήσουμε τον αντίκτυπο της διάγνωσης και της θεραπείας του καρκίνου του μαστού στην οικογενειακή κατάσταση της ασθενούς, καθώς και στην κοινωνική ζωή και την καριέρα της. Συμπεριλάβαμε ασθενείς από την Ελλάδα και το Σουδάν, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις διαφορές στην κοινωνική και εκπαιδευτική τους θέση. Επιπλέον, διερευνήσαμε την πιθανότητα ύπαρξης διαφορετικών απαντήσεων μεταξύ των δύο χωρών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, συγκρίναμε τα ποσοστά διαζυγίων μεταξύ μιας ομάδας γυναικών που διαγνώστηκε με καρκίνο του μαστού και εκείνων μιας ομάδας ελέγχου και στις δύο χώρες. Επιπλέον, καταγράψαμε την επίδραση του καρκίνου του μαστού στην καριέρα της ασθενούς, καθώς και στην καριέρα του συζύγου της. Αξιολογήθηκαν, επίσης, η εκτίμηση του τύπου της νόσου, του σταδίου, των τρόπων θεραπείας και της έκβασής της, των ποσοστών υποτροπής και των σημείων υποτροπής. Μέθοδοι: Η μελέτη είναι μια συγκριτική συγχρονική μελέτη περίπτωσης ελέγχου. Διεξήχθη στο Bashair University Teaching & Elsharif Hospitals στο Σουδάν και στα Ιπποκράτειο Πανεπιστημιακό Γενικό Νοσοκομείο και Πανεπιστημιακό Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Αλεξάνδρα στην Αθήνα, Ελλάδα. Κριτήρια ένταξης ήταν οι παντρεμένες γυναίκες ασθενείς που είχαν διαγνωστεί με καρκίνο του μαστού σε οποιοδήποτε στάδιο. 100 ασθενείς από το Σουδάν και 94 ασθενείς από την Ελλάδα συμπεριλήφθηκαν στη μελέτη και συγκρίθηκαν με μια ομάδα ασθενών που διαγνώστηκαν με καλοήθεις βλάβες, αποτελούμενη από 100 ασθενείς από το Σουδάν και 66 ασθενείς από την Ελλάδα. Αποτελέσματα – Συμπεράσματα: Τα αποτελέσματά μας έδειξαν ότι τα ποσοστά διαζυγίων ήταν χαμηλά και παρόμοια και στις δύο χώρες μεταξύ των επιζώντων από καρκίνο του μαστού, παρά τις διαφορές στον πολιτισμό και τον τρόπο ζωής. Οι ασθενείς που υποβλήθηκαν σε θεραπεία επέστρεψαν στην εργασία τους και πέτυχαν περισσότερα επιτεύγματα από εκείνες της ομάδας ελέγχου. Είναι ενδιαφέρον ότι ο καρκίνος του μαστού εντοπίστηκε νωρίτερα σε Ελληνίδες ασθενείς σε σύγκριση με τις γυναίκες από το Σουδάν, πιθανώς λόγω των υψηλότερων ποσοστών ευαισθητοποίησης και των καλύτερων μέσων παροχής υγείας. Στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις, οι ασθενείς από την Ελλάδα υποβλήθηκαν σε ογκεκτομή και τους χορηγήθηκε ορμονική θεραπεία. Από την άλλη πλευρά, οι ασθενείς από Σουδάν που παρουσιάστηκαν σε προχωρημένο στάδιο και μικρότερη ηλικία, διαγνώστηκαν συχνότερα με όγκο αρνητικό σε υποδοχείς οιστρογόνων, η πλειοψηφία υποβλήθηκε σε τροποποιημένη ριζική μαστεκτομή και χημειοθεραπεία και τα ποσοστά υποτροπής ήταν υψηλότερα. Ayda Hussein Omer Mustafa. Σύμβουλος χειρουργός. Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Πανεπιστημίου Alneelain. Συντονισμός του Προγράμματος κατά του Καρκίνου του Μαστού, Υπουργείο Υγείας του Σουδάν.
The influence of combined oral contraceptive pills on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women and in women with PCOS - a systemic review
Authors: Wicha Katarzyna , Wierciszewki Rafał , Pokarowska Aleksandra , Hawryluk Anna , Pająk Beata 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are a commonly used contraceptive method. They are used as one of the method therapy in women with PCOS. Outcomes from previous studies about the influence of the COCs on carbohydrate metabolism are diverse. Purpose: To assess the influence of combined oral contraceptives on parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women and in women with PCOS.
Review methods: We conducted a systemic review according to PRISMA protocol. Databases as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science were screened systematically.The inclusion criteria were:a study published in 2016-2021, which contains information about the change of carbohydrate parameters as: fasting insulin, fasting glucose levels;HOMA-IR;insulin, glucose levels etc.The participants were healthy/PCOS women. Studies conducted on animals were excluded. The final number of studies enrolled in this study is 15.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: There are studies in which negative influences of the COCs on carbohydrate metabolism are proved. Nevertheless, many of these studies were conducted years ago.COCs, when they were introduced in 1960s, contained different compounds and amounts of hormones. Over the years a successive decrease in estrogen dose has occurred . Also progestogens have been developed in order to minimize the androgenic effects.Results of studies conducted nowadays are ambiguous.
Summary: A significant impairment of carbohydrate metabolism in short period of time was not detected in healthy women. In women with PCOS the results depended on the type of COCs used.
Fitness cost of target-site and metabolic resistance to pyrethroids drives restoration of susceptibility in a highly resistant Anopheles gambiae population from Uganda
Authors: Tchouakui Magellan , Oruni Ambrose , Assatse Tatiane , Manyaka Claudine R. , Tchoupo Micareme , Kayondo Jonathan , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of malaria vector control, calling for an urgent need to design suitable resistance management strategies. Here, we established the resistance profiling of an Ugandan Anopheles gambiae population to insecticides using WHO procedures and assessed the potential restoration of susceptibility in the hybrid line Mayuge/KISUMU in an insecticide-free environment for eighteen (18) generations.

Results
This An gambiae population exhibited a very high intensity of resistance to permethrin, deltamethrin, and alphacypermethrin with a consistent loss of efficacy of all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) tested including PBO-based and new generation nets Interceptor G2 (IG2) and Royal guard. Molecular analysis revealed a fixation of the L1014S-kdr mutation together with the overexpression of some P450 metabolic genes (CYP6Z1, CYP9K1, CYP6P1, 3 & 4) besides the cuticular resistance-related genes (CYP4G16) and sensorial appendage proteins (SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3) but no GSTe2 overexpression. In the absence of selection pressure, the mortality rate after exposure to insecticides increased significantly over generations, and restoration of susceptibility was observed for most of the insecticides in less than 10 generations. Accordingly, a significant reduction in the frequency of KdrE was observed after 13 generations coupled with reduced expression of most metabolic resistance genes.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that the high intensity of pyrethroid resistance observed in An gambiae from Uganda associated with the loss of efficacy of LLINs could compromise vector control efforts. The study also highlights that an early rotation of insecticides could help manage resistance to insecticides by restoring the susceptibility. However, the persistence of Kdr mutation together with overexpression of some metabolic genes after many generations in the absence of selection pressure indicates the potential implication of modifiers alleviating the cost of resistance which needs to be further investigated.
Occurrence of influenza and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana
Authors: Arjarquah Augustina K. , Obodai Evangeline , Anie Hannah Ayettey , Osei Michael Aning , Odoom John Kofi , Bonney Joseph H. K. , Behene Eric , Kotey Erasmus N. , Aboagye James , Nyarko Stephen O. , Bentum Jeannette , Yeboah Clara , Kumordjie Selassie , Agbodzi Bright , Attiku Keren , Mawuli Gifty , Letizia Andrew , Ampofo William K. , Quaye Osbourne 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundInfluenza co-infection with bacteria is a leading cause of influenza-related deaths and severe respiratory infections, especially among high-risk groups like cancer patients undergoing treatment. However, acute respiratory infection (ARI)-like symptoms developed by upper-torso cancer (UTC) patients receiving radiotherapy are considered as side-effects of the radiation. Hence influenza and bacterial pathogens implicated in ARI are not investigated.MethodsThis prospective cohort study examined 85 in-patients with upper-torso cancers undergoing radiotherapy at the National Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre (NRONMC) of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana. Eligible patients who consented were recruited into the study from September 2018 to April 2019. Influenza viruses A and B in addition to the following bacteria speciesStreptococcus pneumonia,Haemophilus influenzae,Neisseria meningitidisandStaphylococcus aureuswere detected from oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected at three different time points. Presence of respiratory pathogens were investigated by influenza virus isolation in cell culture, bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS) assays.ResultsOf the 85 eligible participants enrolled into the study, 87% were females. Participants were 17 to 77 years old, with a median age of 49 years. Most of the participants (88%) enrolled had at least one pathogen present. The most prevalent pathogen wasN.meningitidis(63.4%), followed byH.influenzae(48.8%), Influenza viruses A and B (32.9%),S.pneumoniae(32.9%) andS.aureus(12.2%). Approximately, 65% of these participants developed ARI-like symptoms. Participants with previous episodes of ARI, did not live alone, HNC and total radiation less than 50 Gy were significantly associated with ARI. All treatment forms were also significantly associated with ARI.ConclusionData generated from the study suggests that ARI-like symptoms observed among UTC patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana, could be due to influenza and bacterial single and co-infections in addition to risk factors and not solely the side-effects of radiation as perceived. These findings will be prime importance for diagnosis, prevention, treatment and control for cancer patients who present with such episodes during treatment.
A human model of bilateral pulmonary vein sampling to assess the effects of one-lung ventilation on neutrophil function
Authors: Funston Wendy , Ruchaud-Sparagano Marie-Hélène , Scott Jonathan , Powell Jason , Cooles Faye A. H. , Shelmerdine Lauren , McDowell Cliona , O’Leary Denis , Booth Karen L. , Clark Stephen C. , Ledingham Simon J. , Rostron Anthony J. , Dark John H. , Simpson A. John 
Published: July 2022

Background
Neutrophil activation drives lung complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Evidence suggests the healthy, ventilated lung may beneficially re-condition pro-inflammatory neutrophils. However, evidence in humans is lacking, due to a paucity of good models. CPB with simultaneous central venous and bilateral pulmonary vein sampling provides an opportunity to model effects of one-lung ventilation. The study’s primary objectives were to establish a model of intra-operative, bilateral pulmonary vein sampling and to determine whether neutrophil function differed after passing through inflated or deflated lungs.

Methods
Seventeen patients having “on pump” coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with one-lung ventilation (in two cohorts with tidal volume 2ml kg-1 and FiO2 0.21, or tidal volume 4 ml kg-1 and FiO2 0.5 respectively) were recruited. Cohort 1 consisted of 9 patients (7 male, median age 62.0 years) and Cohort 2 consisted of 8 male patients (median age 65.5 years). Recruitment was via prospective screening of scheduled elective and non-elective CABG procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass. Each patient had five blood samples taken—central venous blood pre-operatively; central venous blood pre-CPB; central venous blood post-CPB; pulmonary venous blood draining the ventilated lung post-CPB; and pulmonary venous blood draining the deflated lung post-CPB. Neutrophil phagocytosis and priming status were quantified. Plasma cytokines were measured.

Results
Phagocytosis and priming were not significantly different in neutrophils returning from the ventilated lung as compared to the non-ventilated lung. Plasma IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were significantly elevated by CPB.

Conclusions
The intra-operative, bilateral pulmonary vein sampling model provides unique opportunities to assess biological effects of interventions to one lung, with the other lung acting as an internal control. Single-lung ventilation during CPB had no significant effects on neutrophil function.
Species specific morphological alterations in liver tissue after biliary occlusion in rat and mouse: Similar but different
Authors: Richter Beate , Sänger Constanze , Mussbach Franziska , Scheuerlein Hubert , Settmacher Utz , Dahmen Uta 
Published: July 2022

Background
The selection of the appropriate species is one of the key issues in experimental medicine. Bile duct ligation is the mostly used experimental model in rodents to explore special aspects of occlusive cholestasis. We aimed to clarify if rats or mice are suitable for the same or different aspects in cholestasis research.

Methods
We induced biliary occlusion by ligation and transection of the common bile duct (tBDT) in rats and mice (each n = 25). Recovery from surgical stress was assessed by daily scoring (stress score, body weight). At five different time points (days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 after tBDT) we investigated hepatic morphometric and architectural alterations (Haematoxylin-Eosin staining, Elastica van Gieson staining) and the proliferative activities of parenchyma cells (Bromodeoxyuridine staining); as well as established systemic markers for liver synthesis, hepatocellular damage and renal dysfunction.

Results
We found substantial differences regarding survival (rats: 100%, 25/25 vs. mice 92%, 22/25, p = 0.07) and body weight gain (p<0.05 at postoperative days 14 and 28 (POD)). Rats showed a faster and progressive hepatobiliary remodelling than mice (p<0.05 at POD 7+14+28), resulting in: i) stronger relative loss of hepatocellular mass (rats by 31% vs. mice by 15% until POD 28; p<0.05 at POD 7+14+28); ii) rapidly progressing liver fibrosis (p<0.05 at POD 14); iii) a faster and stronger proliferative response of parenchyma cells (hepatocytes: p<0.05 at POD 1+14+18; cholangiocytes: p<0.05 at POD 1+3+7+28); and iv) only tiny bile infarcts compared to mice (p<0.05 at POD 1+3+7+14). Both species showed comparable elevated markers of hepatocellular damage and serum bilirubin.

Conclusion
The key difference between rats and mice are the severity and dynamics of histological alterations, possibly accounting for their different susceptibilities for (septic) complications with low survival (mice).