bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 5-weeks participation in The Daily Mile on cognitive function, physical fitness, and body composition in children
Authors: Dring Karah J. , Hatch Lorna M. , Williams Ryan A. , Morris John G. , Sunderland Caroline , Nevill Mary E. , Cooper Simon B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 5-weeks participation in The Daily Mile on cognitive function, physical fitness, and adiposity in primary school children. In a quasi-experimental study, one class from each school completed The Daily Mile (n = 44) or acted as a control group (n = 35). Baseline measures included cognitive function tests (Stroop test, Sternberg paradigm, Flanker task), physical fitness (multi-stage fitness test) and body composition (BMI percentile, waist:hip circumference, sum of skinfolds). The intervention group completed 5-weeks of The Daily Mile. Follow-up measurements were completed within 48-h of the last training session. Data were analysed via ANCOVA, examining between group differences at follow-up, controlling for baseline values. Response times on the complex Stroop test were faster at follow-up in the intervention group (Intervention: 1357 ms [1280–1400 ms]; Control: 1463 ms, [1410–1523 ms], d = 0.31, p = 0.048). There was no effect of The Daily Mile on the Sternberg paradigm or Flanker test. Physical fitness was greater at follow-up in the intervention group (Intervention: 880 m, [820–940 m]; Control: 740 m, [680–800 m], d = 0.39, p = 0.002). There was no effect of the intervention on adiposity. In conclusion, five-weeks of The Daily Mile enhanced inhibitory control and physical fitness in children, but did not affect working memory, attention, or adiposity.
Engineered DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein confer single dose protection in a murine malaria challenge model
Authors: Tursi Nicholas J. , Reeder Sophia M. , Flores-Garcia Yevel , Bah Mamadou A. , Mathis-Torres Shamika , Salgado-Jimenez Berenice , Esquivel Rianne , Xu Ziyang , Chu Jacqueline D. , Humeau Laurent , Patel Ami , Zavala Fidel , Weiner David B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNovel approaches for malaria prophylaxis remain important. Synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) are a promising approach to generate rapid, direct in vivo host-generated mAbs with potential benefits in production simplicity and distribution coupled with genetic engineering. Here, we explore this approach in a malaria challenge model. We engineered germline-reverted DMAbs based on human mAb clones CIS43, 317, and L9 which target a junctional epitope, major repeat, and minor repeat of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) respectively. DMAb variants were encoded into a plasmid vector backbone and their expression and binding profiles were characterized. We demonstrate long-term serological expression of DMAb constructs resulting in in vivo efficacy of CIS43 GL and 317 GL in a rigorous mosquito bite mouse challenge model. Additionally, we engineered an Fc modified variant of CIS43 and L9-based DMAbs to ablate binding to C1q to test the impact of complement-dependent Fc function on challenge outcomes. Complement knockout variant DMAbs demonstrated similar protection to that of WT Fc DMAbs supporting the notion that direct binding to the parasite is sufficient for the protection observed. Further investigation of DMAbs for malaria prophylaxis appears of importance.
Profiling of humoral immune responses to norovirus in children across Europe
Authors: Villabruna Nele , Izquierdo-Lara Ray W. , Schapendonk Claudia M. E. , de Bruin Erwin , Chandler Felicity , Thao Tran Thi Nhu , Westerhuis Brenda M. , van Beek Janko , Sigfrid Louise , Giaquinto Carlo , Goossens Herman , Bielicki Julia A. , Kohns Vasconcelos Malte , Fraaij Pieter L. A. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , de Graaf Miranda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNorovirus is a leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis. More than 30 genotypes circulate in humans, some are common, and others are only sporadically detected. Here, we investigated whether serology can be used to determine which genotypes infect children. We established a multiplex protein microarray with structural and non-structural norovirus antigens that allowed simultaneous antibody testing against 30 human GI and GII genotypes. Antibody responses of sera obtained from 287 children aged < 1 month to 5.5 years were profiled. Most specific IgG and IgA responses were directed against the GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, and GII.6 capsid genotypes. While we detected antibody responses against rare genotypes, we found no evidence for wide circulation. We also detected genotype-specific antibodies against the non-structural proteins p48 and p22 in sera of older children. In this study, we show the age-dependent antibody responses to a broad range of norovirus capsid and polymerase genotypes, which will aid in the development of vaccines.
The need and safety of vitamin supplementation in adults with obesity within 9 months post sleeve gastrectomy (SG): assessment based on intake
Authors: Wawrzyniak Agata , Krotki Monika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the need and safety of vitamin supplementation in adults with obesity post bariatric surgery (SG), based on intake assessment. Patients with obesity class III, and with obesity class II with comorbidities were followed up at 3, 6 and 9 months post bariatric surgery. Based on a 4-day food record questionnaire, the intake of vitamins and calories was assessed and an interview regarding the consumption of supplements was conducted. The study showed a deficiency in the dietary intake of vitamin D, folate (B9) and vitamin B1 (in 93–100% of respondents), vitamins E and C (in 53–67% of respondents), vitamins A, PP and vitamins B2 and B6 (in 10 to 23% of respondents) and vitamin B12 (only 1 woman). The intake of multivitamin supplements was implemented by 72% of respondents, independently, all patients were taking a vitamin D supplement. Vitamin deficiencies were only reported in a small percentage of patients (3–17%), who did not take supplements throughout the observation period. Supplementation with vitamins D, E, C, B1 and folic acid (B9), used regularly, supplemented the nutritional deficiencies of patients. The intake of vitamin A, B2, PP, and B6 with supplements did not significantly affect the overall intake. Supplementation with vitamin B12 turned out to be unjustified to the nutritional recommendations. The dietary and/or supplemental intake of vitamins did not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL). The results of the study confirm the need to implement vitamin supplementation for bariatric patients and its safety.
Discovery and insights from DSX mission’s high-power VLF wave transmission experiments in the radiation belts
Authors: Song P. , Tu J. , Galkin I. A. , McCollough J. P. , Ginet G. P. , Johnston W. R. , Su Y.-J. , Starks M. J. , Reinisch B. W. , Inan U. S. , Lauben D. S. , Linscott I. R. , Farrell W. M. , Allgeier S. , Lambour R. , Schoenberg J. , Gillespie W. , Stelmash S. , Roche K. , Sinclair A. J. , Sanchez J. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpace weather phenomena can threaten space technologies. A hazard among these is the population of relativistic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts. To reduce the threat, artificial processes can be introduced by transmitting very-low-frequency (VLF) waves into the belts. The resulting wave-particle interactions may deplete these harmful electrons. However, when transmitting VLF waves in space plasma, the antenna, plasma, and waves interact in a manner that is not well-understood. We conducted a series of VLF transmission experiments in the radiation belts and measured the power and radiation impedance under various frequencies and conditions. The results demonstrate the critical role played by the plasma-antenna-wave interaction around high-voltage space antennae and open the possibility to transmit high power in space. The physical insight obtained in this study can provide guidance to future high-power space-borne VLF transmitter developments, laboratory whistler-mode wave injection experiments, and the interpretation of various astrophysical and optical phenomena.
Genome-wide evaluation of copy gain and loss variations in three Afghan sheep breeds
Authors: Moradi Mohammad Hossein , Mahmodi Roqiah , Farahani Amir Hossein Khaltabadi , Karimi Mohammad Osman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCopy number variation (CNV) is one of the main sources of variation between different individuals that has recently attracted much researcher interest as a major source for heritable variation in complex traits. The aim of this study was to identify CNVs in Afghan indigenous sheep consisting of three Arab, Baluchi, and Gadik breeds using genomic arrays containing 53,862 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Data were analyzed using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) of PennCNV software. In this study, out of 45 sheep studied, 97.8% (44 animals) have shown CNVs. In total, 411 CNVs were observed for autosomal chromosomes and the entire sequence length of around 144 Mb was identified across the genome. The average number of CNVs per each sheep was 9.13. The identified CNVs for Arab, Baluchi, and Gadik breeds were 306, 62, and 43, respectively. After merging overlapped regions, a total of 376 copy number variation regions (CNVR) were identified, which are 286, 50, and 40 for Arab, Baluchi, and Gadik breeds, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the genes and QTLs reported in these regions and the biochemical pathways involved by these genes. The results showed that many of these CNVRs overlapped with the genes or QTLs that are associated with various pathways such as immune system development, growth, reproduction, and environmental adaptions. Furthermore, to determine a genome-wide pattern of selection signatures in Afghan sheep breeds, the unbiased estimates of FST was calculated and the results indicated that 37 of the 376 CNVRs (~ 10%) have been also under selection signature, most of those overlapped with the genes influencing production, reproduction and immune system. Finally, the statistical methods used in this study was applied in an external dataset including 96 individuals of the Iranian sheep breed. The results indicated that 20 of the 114 CNVRs (18%) identified in Iranian sheep breed were also identified in our study, most of those overlapped with the genes influencing production, reproduction and immune system. Overall, this is the first attempts to develop the genomic map of loss and gain variation in the genome of Afghan indigenous sheep breeds, and may be important to shed some light on the genomic regions associated with some economically important traits in these breeds.
Pronounced interplay between intrinsic phase-coexistence and octahedral tilt magnitude in hole-doped lanthanum cuprates
Authors: Tidey Jeremiah P. , Liu En-Pei , Lai Yen-Chung , Chuang Yu-Chun , Chen Wei-Tin , Cane Lauren J. , Lester Chris , Petsch Alexander N. D. , Herlihy Anna , Simonov Arkadiy , Hayden Stephen M. , Senn Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDefinitive understanding of superconductivity and its interplay with structural symmetry in the hole-doped lanthanum cuprates remains elusive. The suppression of superconductivity around 1/8th doping maintains particular focus, often attributed to charge-density waves (CDWs) ordering in the low-temperature tetragonal (LTT) phase. Central to many investigations into this interplay is the thesis that La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 and particularly La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4 present model systems of purely LTT structure at low temperature. However, combining single-crystal and high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction, we find these to exhibit significant, intrinsic coexistence of LTT and low-temperature orthorhombic domains, typically associated with superconductivity, even at 10 K. Our two-phase models reveal substantially greater tilting of CuO6 octahedra in the LTT phase, markedly buckling the CuO2 planes. This would couple significantly to band narrowing, potentially indicating a picture of electronically driven phase segregation, reminiscent of optimally doped manganites. These results call for reassessment of many experiments seeking to elucidate structural and electronic interplay at 1/8 doping.
Spatial point patterns generation on remote sensing data using convolutional neural networks with further statistical analysis
Authors: Kosarevych Rostyslav , Lutsyk Oleksiy , Rusyn Bohdan , Alokhina Olga , Maksymyuk Taras , Gazda Juraj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContinuous technological growth and the corresponding environmental implications are triggering the enhancement of advanced environmental monitoring solutions, such as remote sensing. In this paper, we propose a new method for the spatial point patterns generation by classifying remote sensing images using convolutional neural network. To increase the accuracy, the training samples are extended by the suggested data augmentation scheme based on the similarities of images within the same part of the landscape for a limited observation time. The image patches are classified in accordance with the labels of previously classified images of the manually prepared training and test samples. This approach has improved the accuracy of image classification by 7% compared to current best practices of data augmentation. A set of image patch centers of a particular class is considered as a random point configuration, while the class labels are used as marks for every point. A marked point pattern is regarded as a combination of several subpoint patterns with the same qualitative marks. We analyze the bivariate point pattern to identify the relationships between points of different types using the features of a marked random point pattern.
Impact of tumor burden on survival in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Matoba Takuma , Minohara Kiyoshi , Kawakita Daisuke , Takano Gaku , Oguri Keisuke , Murashima Akihiro , Nakai Kazuyuki , Iwaki Sho , Tsuge Hiroshi , Tanaka Nobukazu , Imaizumi Sae , Hojo Wataru , Matsumura Ayano , Tsukamoto Koji , Esaki Shinichi , Iwasaki Shinichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (RM-HNC). However, many patients fail to benefit from the treatment. Previous studies have revealed that tumor burden predicts the efficacy of ICIs, but this association remains unclear for RM-HNC. We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients with RM-HNC treated with ICI monotherapy. We estimated the tumor burden using the baseline number of metastatic lesions (BNML) and the baseline sum of the longest diameters of the target lesions (BSLD), and evaluated the association between BNML, BSLD, and standardized uptake value (SUV) and clinical outcomes. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.1 and 3.1 months in the low-BNML and high-BNML groups, respectively (p = 0.010). The median PFS was 9.1 and 3.5 months in the low-BSLD and high-BSLD groups, respectively (p = 0.004). Moreover, patients with high SUVmax levels had worse overall survival (OS) and PFS. BNML, BSLD, and SUVmax are useful prognostic factors in patients with RM-HNC treated with ICIs. Imaging examinations before ICI treatment are recommended to predict the efficacy of ICIs. If the tumor burden is high, cytotoxic anticancer agents may be administered concomitantly with or prior to ICI monotherapy.
Automated analysis method to assess pulmonary blood flow distribution using conventional X-ray angiography
Authors: Sakaguchi Takuya , Watanabe Yuichiro , Hirose Masashi , Takei Kohta , Yasukochi Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantitative assessment of the right-to-left ratio of pulmonary blood flow distribution is important for determining the clinical indications for treating pulmonary arterial branch stenosis. A novel theory was recently proposed that can be used to quantitatively assess the right-to-left ratio on conventional X-ray angiography images. In the proposal, further developments were indicated, especially automated calculation. In this study, a new automated algorithm was developed. In the X-ray image, regions of interest were set in right and left lung, and time-signal intensity curves were measured. The new automated algorithm is applied to determine the optimal time window for the analysis of the time-signal intensity curve and to calculate the slope of the curve in the optimized time window. The right-to-left ratios in seven consecutive patients calculated by the new automated algorithm were compared to those calculated by lung perfusion scintigraphy. The ratios were in good agreement with linear regression with a slope of 1.27 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.95. The processing time was less than 10 s, which is one-eighth of the manual processing time. The new automated algorithm is accurate, stable, and fast enough for clinical use in the real world.
Citizen science monitoring reveals links between honeybee health, pesticide exposure and seasonal availability of floral resources
Authors: Woodcock Ben A. , Oliver Anna E. , Newbold Lindsay K. , Soon Gweon H. , Read Daniel S. , Sayed Ujala , Savage Joanna , Bacon Jim , Upcott Emily , Howell Katherine , Turvey Katharine , Roy David B. , Gloria Pereira M. , Sleep Darren , Greenop Arran , Pywell Richard F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe use a national citizen science monitoring scheme to quantify how agricultural intensification affects honeybee diet breadth (number of plant species). To do this we used DNA metabarcoding to identify the plants present in 527 honey samples collected in 2019 across Great Britain. The species richness of forage plants was negatively correlated with arable cropping area, although this was only found early in the year when the abundance of flowering plants was more limited. Within intensively farmed areas, honeybee diets were dominated by Brassica crops (including oilseed rape). We demonstrate how the structure and complexity of honeybee foraging relationships with plants is negatively affected by the area of arable crops surrounding hives. Using information collected from the beekeepers on the incidence of an economically damaging bee disease (Deformed Wing Virus) we found that the occurrence of this disease increased where bees foraged in agricultural land where there was a high use of foliar insecticides. Understanding impacts of land use on resource availability is fundamental to assessing long-term viability of pollinator populations. These findings highlight the importance of supporting temporally timed resources as mitigation strategies to support wider pollinator population viability.
Brainprints: identifying individuals from magnetoencephalograms
Authors: Wu Shenghao , Ramdas Aaditya , Wehbe Leila 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnetoencephalography (MEG) is used to study a wide variety of cognitive processes. Increasingly, researchers are adopting principles of open science and releasing their MEG data. While essential for reproducibility, sharing MEG data has unforeseen privacy risks. Individual differences may make a participant identifiable from their anonymized recordings. However, our ability to identify individuals based on these individual differences has not yet been assessed. Here, we propose interpretable MEG features to characterize individual difference. We term these features brainprints (brain fingerprints). We show through several datasets that brainprints accurately identify individuals across days, tasks, and even between MEG and Electroencephalography (EEG). Furthermore, we identify consistent brainprint components that are important for identification. We study the dependence of identifiability on the amount of data available. We also relate identifiability to the level of preprocessing and the experimental task. Our findings reveal specific aspects of individual variability in MEG. They also raise concerns about unregulated sharing of brain data, even if anonymized.
Temporally coordinated expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins in wheat promotes Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici infection
Authors: Corredor-Moreno Pilar , Badgami Roshani , Jones Sally , Saunders Diane G. O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTargeting host processes that allow pathogens to thrive can be invaluable in resistance breeding. Here, we generated a deep-sequencing transcriptome time course for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection on wheat and compared datasets from three wheat varieties with different levels of susceptibility to two tested pathogen isolates. We sought genes specifically altered in a susceptible host as candidates that might support colonisation. Host responses differed between Pst-varietal pairs most prominently early during infection. Notably, however, nuclear genes encoding chloroplast-localised proteins (NGCPs) exhibited temporal coordination of expression profiles that differed at later time points in relation to Pst susceptibility. Disrupting one such NGCP, encoding the chloroplast-localised RNA binding protein TaCSP41a, led to lower Pst susceptibility. These analyses thus highlight NGCPs as prime targets for Pst manipulation during infection and point to TaCSP41a disruption as a potential source of Pst resistance for breeding programmes.
Nonreciprocal and chiral single-photon scattering for giant atoms
Authors: Chen Yao-Tong , Du Lei , Guo Lingzhen , Wang Zhihai , Zhang Yan , Li Yong , Wu Jin-Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum optics with giant atoms has provided a new paradigm to study photon scatterings. In this work, we investigate the nontrivial single-photon scattering properties of giant atoms being an effective platform to realize nonreciprocal and chiral quantum optics. For two-level giant atoms, we identify the condition for nonreciprocal transmission: the external atomic dissipation is further required other than the breaking of time-reversal symmetry by local coupling phases. Especially, in the non-Markovian regime, unconventional revival peaks periodically appear in the reflection spectrum. To explore more interesting scattering behaviors, we extend the two-level giant-atom system to Δ-type and ∇ -type three-level giant atoms coupled to double waveguides with different physical mechanisms to realize nonreciprocal and chiral scatterings. Our proposed giant-atom structures have potential applications of high-efficiency targeted routers that can transport single photons to any desired port deterministically and circulators that can transport single photons between four ports in a cyclic way.
BMP4 and Gremlin 1 regulate hepatic cell senescence during clinical progression of NAFLD/NASH
Authors: Baboota Ritesh K. , Rawshani Aidin , Bonnet Laurianne , Li Xiangyu , Yang Hong , Mardinoglu Adil , Tchkonia Tamar , Kirkland James L. , Hoffmann Anne , Dietrich Arne , Boucher Jeremie , Blüher Matthias , Smith Ulf 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe role of hepatic cell senescence in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not well understood. To examine this, we performed liver biopsies and extensive characterization of 58 individuals with or without NAFLD/NASH. Here, we show that hepatic cell senescence is strongly related to NAFLD/NASH severity, and machine learning analysis identified senescence markers, the BMP4 inhibitor Gremlin 1 in liver and visceral fat, and the amount of visceral adipose tissue as strong predictors. Studies in liver cell spheroids made from human stellate and hepatocyte cells show BMP4 to be anti-senescent, anti-steatotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic, whereas Gremlin 1, which is particularly highly expressed in visceral fat in humans, is pro-senescent and antagonistic to BMP4. Both senescence and anti-senescence factors target the YAP/TAZ pathway, making this a likely regulator of senescence and its effects. We conclude that senescence is an important driver of human NAFLD/NASH and that BMP4 and Gremlin 1 are novel therapeutic targets.