bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socializing Justice
Authors: Sabbagh Clara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This book offers a comprehensive view of the numerous and robust roles of justice in three education spheres: public and globalized schools, non-formal education, and the family. It develops a heuristic framework for taking account of issues related to distributive justice in the everyday lives of children and young people and to the pillars of justice in various socialization spheres. It makes a compelling case that not only schools, but also non-formal education and the family are primary socialization agents that help align new citizens’ conduct with competing yet coexisting justice ideals in democratic societies. The book shows how children’s and young people’s educational justice experiences affect their beliefs and behavior. Moreover, it examines the justice perspectives of other educational agents—the actual purveyors of distributive justice—such as policymakers, teachers, and parents. Children and young people are conceptualized not merely as subjects experiencing justice or injustice (i.e., as recipients or observers), but also as objects of social justice, targeted by different education agents in an effort to establish and sustain justice in democratic societies. This inquiry into justice research interfaces other, more established disciplines, such as education, sociology of education, social psychology, and political philosophy, and relies on the quantitative and ethnographic methodological traditions in these fields. Such an interdisciplinary framework has made it possible to identify controversies within justice theory regarding the distributive roles of education and to illustrate how the forms of justice underlying educational spheres are universal yet sensitive to sociocultural variation.
A Multifaceted Justice Perspective on Education Spheres
Authors: Sabbagh Clara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 maps out and discusses the diverse forms of justice, as conceptualized largely in organizational contexts, and details the academic debate over this issue. Organizational justice frameworks distinguish three primary forms of justice that govern resource distribution. Distributive justice, which is the spotlight of this inquiry, relates to distribution preference regarding the principles and rules that regulate resource distribution (e.g., equality, need, and contribution) and the subjective sense of injustice evoked by a perceived gap between the distribution principles viewed as just and those actually implemented. Procedural justice concerns the justice of the procedures through which resources are distributed; in other words, the focus is on processes rather than outcomes of resource distribution. Finally, interactional justice involves the justice of interactions on a personal level attendant on the distribution of resources and the implementation of procedures.
Teacher–Student Relations
Authors: Sabbagh Clara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 discusses students’ perceptions of teacher–student relations in light of the distributive, procedural, and interactional aspects of organizational justice. Teachers distribute a wide range of relational resources: they allot attention, help students as needed, react to non-routine events (distractions, class fights), give either encouragement or disapproval, and show respect and affection. In the understanding of students, teachers should distribute these relational resources according to a principle of equality; in practice, however, they often deviate from this rule and treat students unequally. This gap between expectations and actual distribution evokes in students a sense of relational injustice that, in turn, affects a wide range of their attitudes and behaviors, such as social trust, endorsement of the teacher’s legitimacy, learning motivation, and rule compliance. The chapter provides two opposing perspectives regarding relational justice at the organizational level: emotional work and caring, and retributive/restorative justice.
The World Culture Perspective
Authors: Sabbagh Clara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the effect of globalization on schooling and its distributive roles through the world culture lens. According to this perspective, one aspect of globalized schooling is manifested in access to education, where the focus in the discourse on justice has shifted from social rights to human rights. Moreover, grading practices have become predicated on a global ethos of meritocracy, which is realized through international tests like the Program for International Student Assessment and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. Finally, globalized schooling has extended the scope of school curriculum, covering topics related to diversity and progressive issues, such as student-centeredness and environmental concerns. The chapter contends that these changes, as understood in the world culture perspective, are grounded in justice tenets underlying Western liberalism. Moreover, it discusses the shortcomings of this perspective in addressing local, culturally specific factors, leading to the emergence of hybrid educational cultures.
Justice in Parent–Child Relations
Authors: Sabbagh Clara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 13 contends that distributive justice plays a salient role in regulating parent–child relationships. For instance, parental distribution practices include love and respect, housework chores, and pocket money. Family life in democracies is governed by Western egalitarian justice, but daily family practices often deviate from this ideal. Thus, parental differential treatment is common, though not necessarily perceived as unjust. The chapter explains that, in light of comparisons drawn within the family and the understanding of equitable social exchange, inequality in parent–child relations is often seen as legitimate. At the same time, it stresses that children’s sense of injustice concerning parenting practices has harmful implications for their subjective well-being and for the quality of sibling relationships. Finally, the chapter discusses the feminist critique maintaining that the family is a significant agent of gender inequality within its unit and in the broader society.
Epilogue
Authors: Sabbagh Clara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This book argues that issues related to justice, particularly distributive justice, are paramount in diversified education experiences that are part of children’s and young people’s daily lives. It distinguishes three education spheres of justice: schools, non-formal education, and the family. Through this plurality, young generations experience and internalize what scholars term the “pillars” that sustain their future roles as citizens in democratic societies. Schools encompass the inherently competitive economic domain, non-formal education, and the political domain, while the family incorporates ascriptive domains, such as gender. The three education spheres outlined here share a Western egalitarian ethos yet in practice inequality is widespread. Depending on whether children and young people perceive the distribution of resources as just or unjust, their attitudes and behavior are affected either positively or negatively. In default of a consensus about distributive justice in education, most chapters elaborate different perspectives through which educational justice can be understood and discussed.
Naturalized Epistemology, Morality, and the Real World
Authors: Antony Louise 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay addresses the charge that naturalized epistemology abandons normative goals, and shows how a naturalized approach yields insight into the epistemic norm of objectivity. It then argues for applying the naturalized approach to moral epistemology. Attention to the actual conditions under which beings seek to act rightly not only permits the endorsement of moral norms, but provides normative guidance for knowing and acting within the constraints that define the human epistemic and moral condition. A naturalized approach to moral epistemology is possible—naturalizing does not entail the elimination of normativity—and, moreover, salutary. Taking seriously the actual moral judgments human beings make, we learn a great deal about the limits of a priori moral theorizing. Taking seriously the conditions set by our particular embodiment on the exercise of our moral faculties and the expression of our moral principles, we can achieve a reconciliation between a norm of moral objectivity and a recognition of the moral value of affective partiality.
Commitment to professionalism
Authors: Dev Harveer , Metcalfe David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents SJT questions on commitment to professionalism. It will test your probity by exploring responses to scenarios that might require you to challenge unacceptable behaviour, maintain confidentiality, and, as always, prioritize patient safety. You need to demonstrate a commitment to achieving your various clinical responsibilities, as well as a desire for continued learning and a commitment to helping the development of others. These scenarios test your honesty towards patients and colleagues, and a willingness to admit mistakes.
The generativist non-dominance of the field in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Newmeyer Frederick J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile most commentators have agreed that the work of Chomsky and his TGG cothinkers profoundly shook up the field in the fifties and sixties, ironically, generative grammarians continued to be a minority tendency in American linguistics into the seventies and eighties. They occupied fewer than half of the LSA offices, published fewer than half of the articles appearing in Language, and received only small share of allocated grants. Many factors combine to explain this perhaps surprising state of affairs: the diverse nature of the field, the rise of specialist journals, the lack of need for grant-funded research, and Chomsky’s own negative attitude towards the LSA.
Plenitude and Recombination
Authors: Wilson Alastair 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In On the Plurality of Worlds, David Lewis imposes a condition on realist theories of modality which he calls ‘plenitude’. Lewis apparently assigns this condition considerable importance, and uses it to motivate his Humean principle of recombination, but he never says exactly what plenitude amounts to. This chapter first sets aside some obvious ways of reconstructing the plenitude criterion which do not fit with the textual evidence. An objection to modal realism due to John Divers and Joseph Melia is diagnosed as equivocating between an overly demanding plenitude constraint and a weaker constraint which fails to establish their conclusion. An alternative deflationary interpretation of the plenitude condition has it following from an application of standard theoretical virtues to a modal realist’s total theory; Lewis’s correspondence provides new evidence in support of this interpretation. The deflationary plenitude criterion also has broader application, beyond Lewisian modal realism.
Carnap’s Second Aufbau and David Lewis’s Aufbau
Authors: Chalmers David J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is a deep continuity between central projects of Rudolf Carnap and David Lewis: Carnap’s logical construction of the world in Der logische Aufbau der Welt and Lewis’s program of vindicating Humean supervenience through conceptual analysis. Carnap promised but never wrote a second volume of his Aufbau, using a physical basis in place of the phenomenal basis he had used in the first Aufbau. Even using tools available to him at the time, Carnap’s physicalist construction would have been a viable philosophical project; but Lewis’s program delivers a more sophisticated construction in the same spirit. A Carnap-Lewis Aufbau thus constitutes a philosophically viable blueprint for the world.
Lewis: Metaphysics First
Authors: Jackson Frank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
What kind of world do we inhabit? David Lewis was a believer in what is commonly known as the block universe answer to this question. We inhabit a huge four-dimensional aggregation in the mereological sense, and we inhabit it by being a (tiny) part of it. One way to make good sense of Lewisian views about language, belief, the necessary a posteriori, the de se, Twin Earth, and conceptual analysis is by seeing them as deriving from this view in metaphysics. Much of the discussion is set inside a possible worlds framework, but not one that distinguishes metaphysically possible worlds from conceptually or epistemically possible worlds.
Naturalness, Arbitrariness, and Serious Ontology
Authors: Fisher A.R.J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
David Lewis is typically interpreted as a class nominalist. One consequence of class nominalism, which he embraced, is that the reduction of ordered pairs, triples, etc. to unordered sets of sets is conventional. The reaction by his Australian counterparts D.M. Armstrong and Peter Forrest was that Lewis was not being ontologically serious. This chapter evaluates this debate over serious ontology. It is argued that in one sense Lewis is ontologically serious, but that his additional commitment to structuralism about classes should push him to adopt a trope-theoretic account of naturalness, which opens up another way to respond to the charge of not doing serious ontology. This conclusion is supported by certain remarks he makes in his correspondence, thus revealing how his thinking about properties appears to have evolved from property-egalitarianism to a sparse theory of tropes.
David Lewis and His Place in the History of Formal Semantics
Authors: Kratzer Angelika 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The chapter looks at an aspect of David Lewis’s work on language that has been important for the foundation and history of formal semantics as a discipline practiced by both linguists and philosophers of language: a referential semantics over possible worlds that is connected to linguistically plausible syntactic structures. Lewis’s original contributions are placed within their historical context: Church’s typed lambda calculus, Carnapian intensions, the categorial grammars of Ajdukiewicz, and Chomsky’s theories of the relation between syntax and semantics. Relying on Lewis’s letters, the chapter identifies the works of Stenius, Davidson, and Katz as triggering Lewis’s interest in formal theories of natural language semantics and clarifies the relation between his and Montague’s contributions to the foundation of the discipline.
Faustina
Authors: Niederhuber Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 offers a complete reassessment of the prevailing typology of the sculptured portraits of Faustina the Younger, based on the adjusted typology of coin portraits established in Chapter 2. Most importantly, four out of ten portrait types of Faustina identified on the numismatic material are not represented in sculpture, as can be shown. To put the portrait types into context, the relation of the imperial image to aristocratic female ‘private’ portraiture is also investigated.
Riding in Taxi with a Mosque-phobic Driver from Manila: Otherings and Conflicts in the Philippines
Authors: Magcamit Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
“I don’t even like seeing mosques. I don’t like the sight of it… . That mosque, in particular, is cursed … that mosque curses the Catholics,” warned the taxi driver from Manila. The state-led cultivation of “Filipino Catholic” nationalism, as Chapter 4 highlights, is a unifying instrument that binds the majority of the country’s highly diverse population. Employing the ethnoreligious othering framework, the chapter examines the conflicts involving Catholic and Muslim groups in the Philippines by interrogating the emotive, symbolic, and perceptual mechanisms underpinning these incidents. It starts with a discussion of how competing ethnoreligious nationalisms breed hostile emotions that prepare members to physically and cognitively satisfy their security concerns. It then explores how the zero-sum securitization of the out-group induce a security dilemma spiral. The chapter concludes by assessing how the sacralization of “Filipino Catholic” identity, homeland, and nation-state makes the prevailing order seem natural despite the othered Muslims’ continued marginalization.
The Divine Tragedy of Securing the Sacred
Authors: Magcamit Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
How does a once familiar and benign ethnoreligious community become a stranger and a threat? Thematically consolidating the main findings and insights from the theoretical and empirical analyses presented, Chapter 6 stresses the importance of explicitly recognizing the emotive, symbolic, and perceptual mechanisms and elements propelling ethnoreligious otherings and passionate conflicts. Given the enormous material and ontological violence and insecurity that characterize these events, the chapter explains why conflict resolution and peacebuilding strategies that deliberately ignore them often fail. To escape from the resulting vicious cycle of mass hostility, security dilemma, and chauvinist political mobilization, the chapter explores available reconciliation and regulatory strategies designed to undertake the difficult but necessary task of addressing these deep-seated hostile emotions, symbolic predispositions, and perceptions. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the enduring security value and function of religion and nationalism amid the supposed universal modernization and secularization of contemporary politics.
Fake News Comes Home
Authors: Jeffreys-Jones Rhodri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses Vladimir Putin’s instruction to his country’s disinformation services to increase the chances that Donald Trump would be elected president in 2016. It details how CIA director John Brennan warned that the Russian deployment of interference against the United States would be counterproductive for Moscow. The chapter discusses how the knowledge of Putin’s handiwork dawned on America because of revelations made possible by CIA counterintelligence work. It points out how President Trump turned on the CIA, portraying it as having been at the hub of an elitist conspiracy to frustrate the will of the people. The chapter mentions the CIA’s role in North Korean backdoor diplomacy, Trump’s attempted collusion with the president of Ukraine, the failure of impeachment proceedings, and the alleged non-prediction of the spread of Covid-19.
Conclusion
Authors: Jeffreys-Jones Rhodri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter reviews the purpose of the CIA in all its seventy-five years of history, which has been to inform the US president about events, developments, and threats. It points out how the CIA has the further duty of making sense of what it can observe and foresee, which enables it to present cogent interpretations of the data. It also discusses the general acknowledgment that the CIA’s success has varied according to the abilities of its leaders and staff. The chapter emphasizes how the CIA must have the support of Congress and particularly of public opinion, which is often less explicitly acknowledged. It unravels the threads that gave the CIA its mission, as well as those that affected its standing.
If Not Conflict, Then What?
Authors: Attebery Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conventional wisdom says that conflict in fiction is essential to maintaining readers’ interest. Yet fantasy often finds different ways to involve us in the action from what Ursula K. Le Guin called the “gladiatorial view of fiction.” Most uses of the word “conflict” to describe the dynamics of story are metaphorical, as when the supposed conflict is between human beings and a supremely indifferent noncombatant such as nature. The narrative interest in much fantasy is better described through alternative metaphors, such as friction, dissonance, and occultation. By selecting these metaphors, we can transform fantasy narratives into less destructive cognitive scripts for cultural interaction.
A Mitochondrial Theory of Literature
Authors: Attebery Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Critical theory has long struggled with describing interactions between texts. This chapter offers a metaphoric use of a biological category, mitochondria, to describe the way one text inhabits another, energizing and enriching it without losing its own integrity. Tracking the mitochondrial DNA of a modern organism reveals its maternal heritage; just so, acknowledging the mitochondrial lineage of literary texts, and especially fantasy, can counteract critical dismissals of categories such as women’s fiction and fantasy. In this chapter, Karen Joy Fowler and Alice Sheldon are used as nodal points in tracing the animation passing from one text to another through years and through linked, but evolving themes.
Gender and Fantasy
Authors: Attebery Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fairy tales have been associated for the past half century with women writers and women’s development, even being used therapeutically for female patients. Men are not invited into the process, and yet a number of male writers testify to their own engagement with particular tales. This chapter explores the uses of fairy tale by men to challenge and redefine models of masculinity. It outlines three versions of the masculine in such stories, associated with fairy tales about the “little man,” the monstrous bridegroom, and the eroticized swan. Rumpelstiltskin, Bluebeard in several manifestations, and Cocteau’s La Belle et la Bête provide keys to potential redefinitions of manliness and maleness, opening the door to queer journeys.
Timor mortis conturbat me
Authors: Attebery Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fear of death and the unknown can overwhelm us: sending us into a state that Søren Kierkegaard called dread. One place to look for more positive counter-narratives is the genre of fantasy. Fantasy frequently invokes fear, yet it also offers ways of incorporating and managing fear so that it doesn’t become paralyzing or an excuse for violence. Fantasy borrows from fairy tale what Tolkien called eucatastrophe, the “sudden and miraculous grace” that takes us from despair to joy. This chapter explores some of the ways fantasy handles great fear, with examples ranging from the folk tale about “The Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear” to Ursula K. Le Guin’s Earthsea stories. The most successful strategies are those that show us how to name and face our fears by giving them our own names and faces.
Lodge’s Rosalind
Authors: Hecht Paul J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter contextualizes Lodge’s Rosalynde as an engagement in Elizabethan polemic about art, sexuality, and the morality of the nation, including analysis of Lodge’s response to Stephen Gosson’s School of Abuse, as well as two figures that stand behind Gosson: Calvin and Augustine. The chapter then explores Rosalind’s emergence as a response to arguments against sexuality, aesthetics, and femininity, and develops a notion of virtuous lightness as well as exploring Rosalind’s place in a queer mythography that also exerts considerable pressure on Christian sacraments. Through Rosalind, Lodge finally looks to the feminine, the erotic, and the aesthetic to find “concord” for divisions at the family, religious, and political levels.