bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The practice of procedural pain assessment and management in neonatal intensive care unit in Ethiopia: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Assefa Emebet , Dinkiye Mamude , Geleta Temesgen , Tantu Temesgen , Wondwosen Mekete , Zewdu Dereje 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsNeonates in intensive care units undergo frequent painful procedures for diagnostic or care‐related purposes. Untreated pain has serious short‐term and long‐term complications. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of painful procedures, pain assessment, and their analgesic management practice among neonates admitted to the NICU.MethodsThe present study is a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study of neonates admitted at level II NICU of St. Paul hospital millennium medical college in Ethiopia between March and August 2019. Data were collected from medical charts of neonates and bedside observation using a checklist. The parameters included were demographic characteristics, types of painful procedures, pain assessment practice, and analgesic intervention provided during painful procedures. Descriptive statistics, Mann‐Whitney U‐test, and Kruskal‐Wallis test were used to compare the number of painful procedures and influencing factors. P‐value < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 325 neonates included in this study, a median of 4 (3‐7) painful procedures were performed per neonate in the first 24 hours of NICU stay. Heel lance 280 (20.7%) and Venipuncture 249 (18.41%) were the most commonly performed painful procedures. Of the 1352 painful procedures, none of the neonates received any form of analgesic intervention and none of the neonate's pain scores were documented on their medical chart. The higher number of painful procedures were associated with gestational age between 28 and 31 weeks, birth weight less than 1500 g, and use of CPAP respiratory support P‐value <.001, <.001, and .0015, respectively.ConclusionPainful procedures were frequently performed in NICU without any form of analgesic intervention. Strategies to introduce neonatal pain assessment and their analgesic management for clinical practice are necessary.
Room‐temperature metal–sulfur batteries: What can we learn from lithium–sulfur?
Authors: Ye Hualin , Li Yanguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRechargeable metal–sulfur batteries with the use of low‐cost sulfur cathodes and varying choice of metal anodes (Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Al) represent diverse energy storage solutions to satisfy different application requirements. In comparison to the highly‐regarded lithium–sulfur batteries, the use of nonlithium‐metal anodes in metal–sulfur batteries offers multiple advantages in terms of abundance, cost, and volumetric energy density. Although with the same sulfur cathode, metal–sulfur batteries show considerably differences in the electrochemical reaction pathway and capacity fading mechanism. Herein, we provide an overview of correlations and differences in metal–sulfur batteries, highlighting the knowledge and experience that can be transplanted from lithium–sulfur to other metal–sulfur batteries. We first discuss the historical development and the electrochemical reaction mechanism of various metal–sulfur batteries. This is then followed by an analysis of key challenges of metal–sulfur batteries including polysulfide shutting, cathode passivation, and anode stability. Finally, a short perspective is presented about the possible future development of metal–sulfur batteries.
Hypercholesterolemia aggravates sevoflurane‑induced cognitive impairment in aged rats by inducing neurological inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Liu Lidan , Zhang Xin , Wang Cong , Wu Xiuying , Long Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe aimed to explore the effects of hypercholesterolemia on sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment in aged rats and the underlying mechanism(s). Aged rats were administrated with high‐fat diet, sevoflurane, or both. Thereafter, the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) were evaluated. The Morris water maze task was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability of rats. Moreover, Nissl and Evans blue staining were conducted to test nerve damage and detect the blood–brain barrier permeability, respectively. The percentage of apoptotic cells was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The messenger RNA expression of inflammatory factors and protein expression of microglial activation markers and apoptosis‐related proteins were tested by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, or western blot analysis, respectively. High‐fat diet induced high levels of TC, TG, and LDL but decreased levels of HDL. However, sevoflurane had no effects on these levels. In contrast, sevoflurane significantly induced the impairment of learning and memory, nerve damage, neuroinflammatory damage, and neuronal apoptosis. Hypercholesterolemia exacerbated the sevoflurane‑induced impairment in aged rats. These results suggested that hypercholesterolemia aggravates sevoflurane‑induced cognitive impairment in aged rats, possibly by inducing neurological inflammation and apoptosis.
Comparison of next generation diagnostic systems (NGDS) for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Sanchez Antonio O. , Ochoa Anna R. , Hall Sallie L. , Voelker Chet R. , Mahoney Rachel E. , McDaniel Jennifer S. , Blackburn August , Asin Susana N. , Yuan Tony T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) a pandemic in March 2020. Initially, supply chain disruptions and increased demand for testing led to shortages of critical laboratory reagents and inadequate testing capacity. Thus, alternative means of biosample collection and testing were essential to overcome these obstacles and reduce viral transmission. This study aimed to 1) compare the sensitivity and specificity of Cepheid GeneXpert® IV and BioFire® FilmArray® 2.0 next generation detection systems to detect SARS‐CoV‐2, 2) evaluate the performance of both platforms using different biospecimen types, and 3) assess saline as an alternative to viral transport media (VTM) for sample collection.MethodsA total of 1,080 specimens consisting of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs in VTM, NP swabs in saline, nasal swabs, oropharyngeal (OP) swabs, and saliva were collected from 216 enrollees. Limit of detection (LoD) assays, NP VTM and NP saline concordance, and saliva testing were performed on the BioFire® FilmArray® 2.0 Respiratory Panel 2.1 and Cepheid GeneXpert® Xpress SARS‐CoV‐2/Flu/RSV assays.ResultsLoD and comparative testing demonstrated increased sensitivity with the Cepheid compared with the BioFire® in detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 in NP VTM and saline, nasal, and OP swabs. Conversely, saliva testing on the Cepheid showed statistically significant lower sensitivity compared to the BioFire®. Finally, NP swabs in saline showed no significant difference compared with NP swabs in VTM on both platforms.ConclusionThe Cepheid and BioFire® NGDS are viable options to address a variety of public health needs providing rapid and reliable, point‐of‐care testing using a variety of clinical matrices.
Adolescents' views of defunding the police, abolishing the police, and “The Talk”
Authors: Fine Adam D. , Del Toro Juan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDefinitions regarding defunding or abolishing the police are highly contested in the United States. Moreover, adolescents' definitions and how socialization processes shape their definitions are unclear.MethodsWithin a national sample of 822 adolescents ages 13–17 (49.69% female; 63.22% White, 16.93% Black/African American, 11.01% Hispanic/Latinx) surveyed in July 2020, this study examined how youth define defunding versus abolishing the police, how much parents talk to youth about the police (i.e., “the Talk”), and whether relations emerged between defunding/abolishing the police and “the Talk.”ResultsYouth supported defunding more than abolishing (d = 0.57). Support for abolishing was higher for youth who frequently received “the Talk” (b = 0.25). Differences by race and gender were uncovered in how frequently youth received “the Talk.”ConclusionsPolice must recognize that coercion, fear, and biased policing breed discontent and promote families to engage in protective parenting strategies including engaging in “the Talk.”
Between wellness and fairness: The mediating role of autonomous human choice and social capital in OECD countries
Authors: Di Martino Salvatore , Scarpa Michael P. , Prilleltensky Isaac 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTheoretical arguments and empirical evidence have been provided in the literature for the role of fairness in wellness. In this paper, we explore the role of two potential mediating variables: autonomous human choice and social capital. Using aggregated panel data across countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), we compared the OECD Social Justice Index (SJI) with data on life satisfaction to test whether fairness has direct and indirect effects on wellness. Results from a series of Manifest Path Analyses with time as fixed effect, support the hypothesis that the OECD SJI is directly linked to country‐level life satisfaction, additionally revealing that its indirect effect operates primarily through people's autonomous choices in life and their country's level of social capital. Our results contribute to two distinct bodies of knowledge. With respect to community psychology, the findings offer empirical evidence for the synergistic effect of personal, relational, and collective factors in well‐being. With respect to the impact of economic inequality on wellness, we extend the literature by using social justice as a more comprehensive measure. Limitations and recommendations for future studies are discussed.
Analysis and modeling of the kink effect in S22 based on support vector machine for GaN HEMTs
Authors: Zhu Zegen , Geng Mingqiang , Cai Jialin , Gao Haijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, the kink effect (KE), typically visible in S22, is analyzed and modeled. Two different modeling techniques: equivalent circuit modeling (ECM) method and machine learning method which based on support vector regression (SVR) technique are presented and compared, when applied to the S22 behavior of a Gallium Nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The device under test (DUT) has a width of 8 × 125 μm, with a gate feature size of 0.25 μm. The proposed method identifies the effect that the bias voltage and extrinsic elements have on the S22 kink shape. Additionally, compared to ECM, the SVR model attains a superior fitting accuracy across the complete frequency band.
Wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface through surfactant stabilized microemulsion
Authors: Chen Jun , Huang Zhiyu , Liu Dongfang , Zhang Ying , Li Hanmin , Lu Hongsheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the process of the tertiary recovery of oil and gas resources, it is necessary to use external fluids to displace the crude oil in the reservoir. Whether the crude oil on the surface of the rock can be effectively displaced and the wettability of the rock can be changed to avoid re‐adsorption by the crude oil is directly related to the level of oil recovery. Therefore, it is critical to study the cleaning and wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface. Because microemulsions have outstanding performance in changing the wettability of rocks and solubilizing crude oil, this paper uses cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and n‐butanol as a co‐surfactant to prepare microemulsions. The performance of microemulsions with different microstructures on the cleaning and wettability changes of crude oil on the rock surface were studied. The results show that the water‐in‐oil (W/O) microemulsion has good cleaning efficiency, and the oil removal rate on the sandstone core surface can reach 79.65%. In terms of changing the wettability of the rock surface, W/O, bi‐continuous phase (B.C.) and oil‐in‐water (O/W) microemulsions can change the core surface from lipophilic to hydrophilic. And the effects of the B.C. and O/W microemulsions are more obvious. The microemulsion system that was prepared based on cationic surfactants has a good application prospect in changing the wettability of the reservoir and cleaning the adsorbed crude oil.
Metabolomics reveals changes in metabolite composition of duck eggs under the impact of long‐term storage
Authors: Liu Hehe , Yang Qinglan , Guo Rui , Hu Jiwei , Tang Qian , Qi Jingjing , Wang Jiwen , Han Chunchun , Zhang Rongping , Li Liang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEggs are essential food sources as they provide low cost and high nutritional content of animal protein. The preservation period is one of the apparent factors affecting egg quality. Previous studies based on traditional detection techniques demonstrated that storage period would significantly influence egg weight, eggshell weight, albumen height, haugh unit (HU) and albumen viscosity. Herein, we employed non‐targeted metabolome technology to reveal the comprehensive changes in metabolite composition in duck eggs under the impacts of storage period.RESULTSThe results showed that the primary metabolites in the yolk of duck eggs are amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. In contrast, the primary metabolites in the albumen are amino acids, benzene and indoles. We screened 43 and 16 different metabolites, respectively, in the albumen and yolk of duck eggs with different preservation periods. In addition, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment was performed, and the results showed that various nutrients were degraded in the egg after preservation, thus affecting the quality of duck eggs. These nutrients included amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides, sugars and vitamins; meanwhile, ammonia, biogenic amines and some flavor substances were produced, affecting the quality of the eggs.CONCLUSIONOurfindings can contribute to a holistic understanding of metabolite composition changes in duck eggs during deterioration in storage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The application of wide spectrum low peak blue light technology in health TV display
Authors: Ji Honglei , Li Pengfei , Fu Wenjing , Li Zelong , Ge Ziyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ever‐increasing utilization of blue light‐emitting diode in the field of the display has brought great damage to human eyes. Here, we demonstrate a method that reduces the damage caused by high concentrations of short‐wavelength blue light. Our wide spectrum and low peak backlight technology are based on replacing the existing common blue chip with a combination of shortwave blue‐chip and long‐wave blue chip. At the same time, a large number of blue‐filtering dye particles are coated on the optical film to reduce high‐energy blue light and achieve the effect of protecting the eyes. Therefore, our project can achieve up to 25 nm FWHM and a 50% reduction in peak blue light that is close to the continuous spectrum of natural light in the blue wavelength region. Numerical and experimental results, in a good agreement, demonstrate good performance of the proposed approach in liquid crystal display, with potential applications to eye‐friendly display.
Precipitation regulates the livestock dung seed bank through above ground vegetation productivity in the Qaidam basin
Authors: Wang Shu‐Lin , Hou Fu‐Jiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe livestock dung seed bank (DSB) plays an important role in the regeneration and sustainability of grasslands in grazing ecosystems. As global precipitation patterns change, the productivity of the above ground vegetation (AGV) in semiarid and arid regions may be substantially affected, as will both the size and composition of the livestock DSB. However, the effects of altered precipitation patterns remain to be determined. Dung was collected for three consecutive years (2018–2020) from horses, cattle and sheep in the desert region of the Qaidam basin, China. The seedling emergence method was used to examine species richness and seed density in the DSB, and the structure and composition of the DSB and the AGV were also investigated. Combined with precipitation data, a structural equation model was used to explore how precipitation affects the livestock DSB by quantifying changes in the AGV in the basin. The results showed that horses [seedling density 5.32 (2018), 6.30 (2019) and 7.44 (2020) g−1 dung] had greater seed dispersal potential than cattle (3.91, 5.08 and 6.42 g−1 dung) or sheep (0.88, 1.32 and 2.96 g−1 dung), indicating that horse dung contributes the most to the AGV in the Qaidam basin. Furthermore, the seed composition of the DSB differed substantially from species of the AGV, implying that the DSB can promote the diversification of grasslands. An increase in precipitation increased both the productivity of the AGV (and hence livestock forage) and the size and composition of the DSB. These results highlight that the DSB is an essential driver of the development of grasslands in arid areas and that the indirect effect of precipitation on the livestock DSB for the regeneration and conservation of grasslands should be considered in arid regions.
The submental island flap in head and neck reconstruction: A 10‐year experience examining application, oncologic safety, and role of comorbidity
Authors: Paydarfar Joseph A. , Kahng Peter W. , Polacco Marc A. , Zhao Wenyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe present our experience on reconstructive versatility and risk of nodal transfer with the submental island flap (SIF). We also examine the role of comorbidity as a predictor of complications.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients undergoing SIF over 10‐year period. Comorbidity determined using Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 index (ACE‐27). Univariable/multivariable logistic regressions performed to determine association of these characteristics and rates of major complications.ResultsFifty‐eight patients underwent SIF reconstruction, 27 (45%) patients had moderate/severe comorbidity, and 24 (41%) experienced major complication. Multivariable analysis identified ACE‐27 scores >2 predictive of major flap complications (OR: 17.38, 95% CI: 1.96–153.74, p = .01) and medical complications (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.11–30.23, p = .037). There were no cases of pathologic nodal transfer.ConclusionThe SIF is a versatile flap and oncologically safe in carefully selected patients. The ACE‐27 index is strongly predictive of major postoperative complications.Level of Evidence4
Spectral analysis of a non‐homogeneous rotating Timoshenko beam
Authors: Akian Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we examine the spectral analysis of a spatially non‐homogeneous Timoshenko beam mounted on the periphery of a rigid root rotating about its axis at a constant angular speed. The junction between the beam and the root is assumed to be elastically restrained and damped. The unbounded operator associated to the physical problem in the associated Hilbert space is non‐self‐adjoint and with a compact resolvent. We show that under some hypotheses on the physical properties of the beam, there exists a Riesz basis of root vectors of this unbounded operator. Furthermore, the solution of the initial value problem has an expansion in terms of this Riesz basis, uniform with respect to the time in a bounded interval.
Beyond the Big Five: The effect of machiavellian, narcissistic, and psychopathic personality traits on stakeholder engagement
Authors: Hollebeek Linda D. , Sprott David E. , Urbonavicius Sigitas , Sigurdsson Valdimar , Clark Moira K. , Riisalu Rein , Smith Dale L. G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrior research has established the key impact of customers' Big Five personality traits (e.g., agreeableness/conscientiousness) on their brand engagement, suggesting that individuals exhibiting differing personality traits engage differently with brands. In parallel, extending influential customer engagement research, stakeholder engagement, which covers any stakeholder's (e.g., a customer's, supplier's, employee's, or competitor's) engagement in his/her role‐related interactions, activities, and relationships, is rapidly gaining momentum. However, despite existing acumen in both areas, little remains known regarding the effect of stakeholders' antisocial or maladaptive dark triad‐based personality traits, including machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, on the focal antisocial stakeholder's, and his/her interactee', role‐related engagement, as therefore explored in this paper. To address these issues, we develop a conceptual model and an associated set of propositions that outline the nature of a stakeholder's machiavellian, narcissistic, and psychopathic role‐related engagement and its effect on his/her interactee's engagement. We conclude by outlining pertinent theoretical and managerial implications that arise from our analyses.
Cause‐related marketing of luxury brands: Nudging materialists to act prosocially
Authors: Kim Sukhyun , Park Kiwan , Shrum L. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcross four experiments, we show that materialists' willingness to engage in cause‐related marketing (CRM) depends on the type of campaign: product‐linked (brand linked to a cause through limited‐edition products) or donation‐linked (direct donations to a charitable cause). Materialists are more willing to engage in product‐linked than donation‐linked campaigns, whereas nonmaterialists show the opposite pattern. The effect for materialists is driven by the status‐signaling qualities that luxury products convey and is eliminated for value brands and when materialists' need for status is momentarily satiated. This study shows that materialists can be nudged to behave prosocially by leveraging their status‐seeking motivations in the context of luxury consumption, and luxury brands will maximize participation by utilizing product‐linked CRM campaigns.
Mechanical characterization of spark plasma sintered titania‐silicon oxycarbide (TiO2/SiOC) nanocomposites
Authors: Awin E.W. , Kumar K.C.H. , Bernard S. , Kumar R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, titania‐silicon oxycarbide nanocomposites synthesized via the polymer derived ceramics route have been sintered into crack‐free monoliths using spark plasma sintering and their mechanical properties as well as their apparent density have been characterized. The x‐ray diffractogram clearly showed the stabilization of anatase phase of size less than 10 nm size in an amorphous silicon oxycarbide matrix at 1200 °C. The hardness and elastic modulus determined using nanoindentation were found to be 9 GPa and 82 GPa, respectively, and the fracture toughness calculated using indentation crack length method was found to be 2.34 MPa m1/2. In addition to this, ball‐on‐three ball technique was used to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength and fractographic studies were carried out to understand the fracture mechanisms.