bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐of‐life decision‐making of dairy cattle and calves: A survey of British farmers and veterinary surgeons
Authors: Neary Joseph M. , Bedford Cherry , Smith Robert F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe study aim was to characterise issues faced by farmers and veterinary surgeons when making end‐of‐life decisions for dairy cattle.MethodsOnline surveys were distributed to British dairy farmers and veterinary surgeons for 20 weeks from November 2020.ResultsThere were 83 responses (37 farmers, 46 veterinary surgeons). Among youngstock, the risk of unassisted/natural death (2.6% ± 0.3%) was almost double the risk of euthanasia (1.4% ± 0.3%; p = 0.003). The opposite, however, was true in the milking herd: the risk of euthanasia (2.3% ± 0.3%) was greater than unassisted/natural death (1.6% ± 0.2%; p = 0.05). A fallen stock collector (62%) typically performed euthanasia and most farms (66%) did not have anyone trained to perform euthanasia. Most deaths within the milking herd were attributed to ‘unknown or not recorded’ (median 15% of deaths). The factors that farmers most frequently reported as strongly influencing their decision of when to euthanase an animal relative to the onset of disease were ‘failure to respond to treatment’ (89%), ‘veterinary advice’ (89%) and ‘severity of disease’ (88%). On average, veterinarians had moderate or high confidence that 60% of dairy farm clients ‘are performing euthanasia in a timely manner so as to prevent unnecessary suffering’. Veterinary surgeons had variable agreement on the time to euthanasia for various conditions.ConclusionsThe survey highlighted end‐of life decision‐making successes and areas for improvement on dairy farms. An evidence‐based, decision‐support framework may help end‐of‐life decision‐making, particularly for complex diseases.
A new exponential model for predicting soil gas diffusivity with varying degree of saturation
Authors: Lakshani M. M. T. , Chamindu Deepagoda T. K. K. , Hamamoto Shoichiro , Elberling Bo , Fu Wei , Yang Ting , Fan Jun , Ma Xiaoyi , Clough Timothy , Smits Kathleen M. , Parameswaran T. G. , Sivakumar Babu G. L. , Chanakya H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil gas diffusivity (Dp/Do, gas diffusion coefficients in soil and in free air, respectively) and its relation to soil moisture is of great importance for describing and quantifying essential provisional and regulatory functions associated with terrestrial ecosystems such as soil aeration and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Because gas migration in terrestrial soil systems is predominantly diffusion controlled, soil gas diffusivity becomes a fundamental prerequisite to quantify diffusive gas fluxes. Descriptive–predictive models are often used to estimate Dp/Do from easily measurable soil physical properties. Most of the available models take the form of power‐law functions and often tend to mischaracterize soil moisture effects at high moisture regimes. Based on a wide range Dp/Do data available in literature representing both intact and repacked soils, this study developed a novel air‐saturation‐dependent exponential (ASEX) gas diffusivity model to model Dp/Do in relation to soil air saturation. The model variable α, which represents the diffusivity at half air saturation normalized by the same in complete soil air saturation, could potentially differentiate moisture effects on different soil structural states. For specific applications in intact soils, we propose corresponding α values for upper‐limit (α = .6) and lower‐limit (α = .05) estimates of diffusivity, while an average value (α = .3) for general applications in both intact and repacked soils. As expected, our model based on a few a priori measured supportive data showed a better performance over the classical predictive models that do not use such measurements. The new model was further used to derive useful implications to showcase soil density effects on Dp/Do.
Electrochemical energy storage and conversion: An overview
Authors: Ragupathy Pitchai , Bhat Santoshkumar Dattatray , Kalaiselvi Nallathamby 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage and conversion devices are very unique and important for providing solutions to clean, smart, and green energy sectors particularly for stationary and automobile applications. They are broadly classified and overviewed with a special emphasis on rechargeable batteries (Li‐ion, Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, Na‐ion, and redox flow batteries), electrocatalysts, and membrane electrolytes for fuel cells. The critical challenges for the development of sustainable energy storage systems are the intrinsically limited energy density, poor rate capability, cost, safety, and durability. Albeit huge advancements have been made to address these challenges, it is still long way to reach the energy demand, especially in the large‐scale storage and e‐mobility. A landscape of battery materials developments including the next generation battery technology is meticulously arrived, which enables to explore the alternate energy storage technology. Next generation energy storage systems such as Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, and Na‐ion chemistries can be the potential option for outperforming the state‐of‐art Li‐ion batteries. Also, redox flow batteries, which are generally recognized as a possible alternative for large‐scale storage electricity, have the unique virtue of decoupling power and energy. In this overview, a systematic survey on the materials challenges and a comprehensive understanding of the structure–property–performance relationship of the storage and conversion devices is covered. Further, in‐depth detailing of various catalysts and membrane electrolytes that can be explored as a viable alternative for polymer electrolyte fuel cells as well as direction toward futuristic research areas is highlighted.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy
Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage
Structural characteristics of mixed nido‐[Si9−xGex]4− (x=1, 2) Zintl clusters in solution and within solvent crystals
Authors: Jantke Laura‐Alice , Karttunen Antti J. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMixed Zintl‐type anionic clusters of silicon and germanium comprise an important class of potential materials in electronic applications. Herein, we present quantum chemical investigations to describe the mixing behavior of Si and Ge within [Si9−xGex]4− (x=0, 1, 2) Zintl anions that can be considered as precursors for novel Si−Ge materials. To understand the mixing behavior of such clusters in solution, we analyze the molecular clusters at using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Coupled Cluster methods. Systematic assessment of relative energies of various structural isomers indicates that there is a preference to substitute Si with Ge in the open square of the monocapped square antiprismatic [Si8Ge]4− and [Si7Ge2]4− clusters. Population analysis reveals that the highest negative partial charge is also located at these positions. Investigation of Rb4Si9−xGex(NH3)5 solvent crystals using DFT methods and periodic boundary conditions further elucidates the behavior during crystallization. It is shown that in addition to the favored [Si8Ge]4− open‐square isomers arising in solution, the weak intermolecular interactions in the crystalline environment affect which structural isomers are observed in the crystal structure. The experimentally observed Ge site occupations could be explained by analysis of their energetics. This analysis contributes to the understanding of the mixing behavior of these important building blocks for material design.
Die Anwendung des Subsidiary Governance Modells in der Praxis
Authors: Renz Patrick , Böhrer Nikola , Peter Marc K. 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungWie kann eine Führungskraft vom Subsidiary Governance Modell und diesem Handbuch profitieren? Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, die eigene Qualität der Subsidiary Governance innerhalb dieser sechs Bereiche zu messen. Die Ausführungen über die Bestandteile des Subsidiary Governance Modells und Beispiele in Kap. 4 verleiten hoffentlich dazu, die eigenen Governance-Praktiken selbstkritisch zu reflektieren. Im letzten Teil des Buches stehen hierfür eine Checkliste und ein Praxisbeispiel bereit.
One-Loop effective action approach to quantum MHV theory
Authors: Kakkad Hiren , Kotko Piotr , Stasto Anna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is well known that the MHV action, i.e. the action containing all the maximally helicity violating vertices, is alone not sufficient for loop computations. In order to develop loop contributions systematically and to ensure that there are no missing terms, we propose to formulate the quantum MHV action via one-loop effective action approach. The quadratic field fluctuations in the light cone Yang-Mills theory are explicitly integrated, followed by the classical canonical field transformation. We test the approach by calculating one loop (++++) and (+++) amplitudes, i.e. amplitudes that cannot be calculated from ordinary MHV action. Such an approach can be further used to unambiguously define loop corrections in other theories related to Yang-Mills theory by field transformations.
The relation between surgical approaches for pelvic ring and acetabular fractures and postoperative complications: a systematic review
Authors: Timmer Robert A. , Mostert Cassidy Q. B. , Krijnen Pieta , Meylaerts Sven A. G. , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough many articles report complications after pelvic ring and acetabular fracture surgery, a general overview of complication rates and potential risk factors is lacking. The current review provides a comprehensive summary of the complications after pelvic ring and acetabular fracture surgery in relation to the surgical approach.Material and MethodsPubmed and Embase databases were systematically searched using the key words: pelvic fracture, acetabular fracture, fixation, surgical approaches, complications, and their synonyms. Extracted data included patient and fracture characteristics, surgical approaches, and post-operative complications; surgical site infections (SSI), implant-related complications, malunion and non-union. Study data were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsTwenty-two studies (twenty-one retrospective cohort studies, of which three comparative, and one randomized controlled trial) were included in this review. The overall complication rates reported for the included surgical approaches were: 17% for the (Modified) Stoppa approach, 11% for percutaneous fixation, 5% for the Kocher–Langenbeck approach, 7% for the ilioinguinal approach and 31% for external fixation. The most frequent complications were SSI (22%) and neurological (31%) complications, which were most often reported in patients treated with an external fixator. Re-operation rates were comparable for the surgical approaches (4–8%). Two studies reported on risk factors and identified concomitant traumatic injuries, prolonged ICU stay and high body mass index as risk factors for SSI.ConclusionExternal fixation of pelvic fractures is associated with highest complications rates including SSI’s and neurological complications. Although post-operative complications are frequently reported after pelvic fracture surgery, more studies are needed that identify potential risk factors. These will assist the surgeon in (pre)operative decision making and development of preventive strategies.
Peripartale Blutungen, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Annecke T. , Lier H. , Girard T. , Korte W. , Pfanner G. , Schlembach D. , Tiebel O. , von Heymann C. 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungAnhand einer fiktiven Kasuistik wird die aktuelle Leitlinie „Peripartale Blutungen, Diagnostik und Therapie“ mit einem Schwerpunkt auf die anästhesiologische Sicht zusammengefasst. Die aktualisierte Leitlinie wurde unter Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe und Beteiligung weiterer Fachgesellschaften und Interessenvertretungen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz erarbeitet und bei der AWMF unter der Registriernummer 015/063 publiziert.
Atomic force and infrared spectroscopic studies on the role of surface charge for the anti-biofouling properties of polydopamine films
Authors: Caniglia Giada , Teuber Andrea , Barth Holger , Mizaikoff Boris , Kranz Christine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Antibacterial polymer materials have gained interest due to their capability to inhibit or eradicate biofilms with greater efficiency in comparison with their monomeric counterparts. Among the antimicrobial and anti-biofouling polymers, catecholamine-based polymers — and in particular polydopamine — have been studied due to their favorable adhesion properties, which can be tuned by controlling the pH value. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM)–based spectroscopy to investigate the relation between the adhesion properties and surface charge density and the pH of electrochemically deposited polydopamine films presenting a dissociation constant of polydopamine of 6.3 ± 0.2 and a point of zero charge of 5.37 ± 0.06. Furthermore, using AFM and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), the influence of the surface charge density of polydopamine on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was investigated. It was shown that the adhesion of Escherichia coli at positively charged polydopamine is three times higher compared to a negatively charged polymer, and that the formation of biofilms is favored at positively charged polymers.
Graphical abstract
Tunnelausbruchverwertung am FCC – Future Circular Collider in CERN
Authors: Hauzinger Elisabeth , Galler Robert 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer 2030 beginnende Bau des neuen 100 km langen Teilchenbeschleunigers „Future Circular Collider (FCC)“ des CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) in der Schweiz sowie Frankreich wirft neue Fragen im Bereich der Tunnelausbruchverwertung auf. Die rund 9 Mio. m3 des anfallenden Materials werden beinahe ausschließlich aus Molasse des Genfer Beckens bestehen, deren große Varietät bezüglich Zusammensetzung und Korngröße eine Herausforderung hinsichtlich der Wiederverwendung darstellt. Um eine vollständige Deponierung des Materials und die damit verbundenen Deponiekosten sowie negative Umwelteinflüsse zu vermeiden, wurde der internationale Wettbewerb „Mining the Future“ ins Leben gerufen, bei welchem Ideen für mögliche Arten der Wiederverwendung von Molasse eingereicht werden konnten. Damit sollte eine möglichst hochwertige Verwendung des Materials sichergestellt und zugleich eine neue Wertschöpfungskette im Sinne der Circular Economy geschaffen werden.
Re-invigorating the photo album: augmenting printed photobooks with digital media
Authors: Corrigan-Kavanagh Emily , Frohlich David M. , Scarles Caroline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe photo album emerged in the late 1800s as place to collect portrait photos of visitors to a home, and was later appropriated by Kodak as a visual chronology of family history. With digital photography, the album has largely been replaced by online repositories of images shared on social media, and the selective printing of photobooks. In this paper, we present a ‘next-generation paper’ authoring system for annotating photobooks with multimedia content viewed on a nearby smartphone. We also report the results of a trial of this system, by nine travellers who used it to make augmented photobooks following a trip. These findings show that the augmented physical-and-digital photobook can heighten awareness of the multisensory aspects of travel, enrich memories, and enhance social interaction around photos. The social and technical implications for the future of the photo album are discussed.
The Wall-Jet Region of a Turbulent Jet Impinging on Smooth and Rough Plates
Authors: Secchi Francesco , Gatti Davide , Frohnapfel Bettina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study reports direct numerical simulations of a turbulent jet impinging onto smooth and rough surfaces at Reynolds number Re = 10,000 (based on the jet mean bulk velocity and diameter). Surface roughness is included in the simulations using an immersed boundary method. The deflection of the flow after jet impingement generates a radial wall-jet that develops parallel to the mean plate surface. The wall-jet is structured into an inner and an outer layer that, in the limit of infinite local Reynolds number, resemble a turbulent boundary layer and a free-shear flow. The investigation assesses the self-similar character of the mean radial velocity and Reynolds stresses profiles scaled by inner and outer layer units for varying size of the roughness topography. Namely the usual viscous units $$u_\tau$$

u
τ

and $$\delta _\nu$$

δ
ν

are used as inner layer scales, while the maximum radial velocity $$u_m$$

u
m

and its wall-normal location $$z_m$$

z
m

are used as outer layer scales. It is shown that the self-similarity of the mean radial velocity profiles scaled by outer layer units is marginally affected by the span of roughness topographies investigated, as outer layer velocity and length reference scales do not show a significantly modified behavior when surface roughness is considered. On the other hand, the mean radial velocity profiles scaled by inner layer units show a considerable scatter, as the roughness sub-layer determined by the considered roughness topographies extends up to the outer layer of the wall-jet. Nevertheless, the similar character of the velocity profiles appears to be conserved despite the profound impact of surface roughness.
Feasibility of volumetric expansion of molten chlorides by conventional pushrod dilatometry
Authors: Parker S. S. , Abdul-Jabbar N. M. , Jackson J. M. , Monreal M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study is a short communication on progress made in the adaptation of conventional push-rod dilatometry for the measurement of volumetric expansion of liquid salts up to 1300 K. A new crucible design is offered as a practical solution for measurement of liquid salts by this method. Proof-of-concept measurements of the volumetric expansion of sodium chloride (NaCl) are compared to the available data in literature. Measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of solid NaCl compared favorably to the available data in literature, confirming both magnitude and trend. The average CTE of NaCl (solid) was $$\overline{\alpha }_{{{\text{NaCl}}\;{\text{Solid}}}} = 5.63 \cdot 10^{ - 5} {\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 K}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$K$}}$$

α
¯

NaCl

Solid

=
5.63
·

10

-
5

1
K

. The volumetric expansion of liquid NaCl was measured as $$\beta_{{{\text{NaCl}}\;{\text{Liquid}}}} \approx 3.96 \cdot 10^{ - 5} 1/K$$

β

NaCl

Liquid

≈
3.96
·

10

-
5

1
/
K

and is essentially constant from the melt point to 1300 K. The volumetric expansion produced by this method is in reasonable agreement with the available published data and previous measurements made by the authors by neutron radiographic technique.
Tracing teachers’ perceptions of entanglement of digitally-mediated educational activities and learning environments: a practice-oriented method
Authors: Sarkio Katri , Korhonen Tiina , Hakkarainen Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSchool spaces, technologies, and educational activities shape each other reciprocally. This mixed-methods study (i) developed a methodological framework for tracing the interdependence between school spaces, digital instruments, and teachers’ practices in their use, and (ii) created practice-based knowledge about the relations of teachers’ perceptions of educational activities to school spaces in order to acknowledge architects and educational practitioners in designing learning environments that support educational renewal. We participated in the construction process of a new general upper-secondary school building in Finland, taking into consideration the school’s operating culture and teachers’ pedagogic needs (social aspects), as well as the mediation of school spaces by digitalization and national curriculum reformation (material aspects). The data were collected through a teacher survey (n = 31), teacher interviews (n = 10), and the analysis of group notes that teachers (n = 39) generated in a participatory workshop. The results revealed that teachers consider it critical in the design of new learning environments to foster a collaborative and multidisciplinary school culture that emphasizes learners’ wellbeing and inclusion, as well as utilizing readily-available digital instruments with basic-level functionality. The developed methodological framework appeared suitable for visualizing (with radar charts) the sociomaterial interdependence of school spaces, digital instruments, and teachers’ personal and collective pedagogical activities. We argue that teachers’ perceptions of school spaces, digital instruments, and pedagogic practices entanglement consolidates learning environments design from an educational point of view and should be taken into consideration when constructing new school buildings.
Hierarchical refinement in isogeometric analysis for flexible multibody impact simulations
Authors: Rückwald Tobias , Held Alexander , Seifried Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDetailed impact simulations in flexible multibody systems can be simulated based on reduced isogeometric analysis (IGA) models. However, a precise simulation of an impact requires a high element resolution in the contact area. Usually in IGA, global refinement methods are used, which are easy to implement. However, in the literature, also the use of hierarchical local refinement is proposed. The local refinement generates fewer countable degrees of freedom compared to an equivalent global refinement. Numerous application areas can be found in the literature, such as contact simulations, where the computational effort is reduced by local refinement. In this work, we introduce the inclusion of hierarchically refined IGA models within the floating frame of reference formulation. Thereby, the hierarchically refined IGA model is reduced and applied in impact simulations. In two application examples, we simulate the impact of two- and three-dimensional spheres and compare with an analytical solution. The focus here is on the comparison of calculation times and accuracy of globally and locally refined reference models. The third application example consists of two flexible double pendulums and is devoted to systems in which the bodies undergo both arbitrary rigid body motions and small elastic deformations.