bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Models Enhance the Prediction of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Sunmeng , Jian Tengteng , Chi Changliang , Liang Yi , Liang Xiao , Yu Ying , Jiang Fengming , Lu Ji 
Published: July 2022

PurposePSA is currently the most commonly used screening indicator for prostate cancer. However, it has limited specificity for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. We aim to construct machine learning-based models and enhance the prediction of prostate cancer.MethodsThe data of 551 patients who underwent prostate biopsy were retrospectively retrieved and divided into training and test datasets in a 3:1 ratio. We constructed five PCa prediction models with four supervised machine learning algorithms, including tPSA univariate logistic regression (LR), multivariate LR, decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The five prediction models were compared based on model performance metrics, such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, calibration curve, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsAll five models had good calibration in the training dataset. In the training dataset, the RF, DT, and multivariate LR models showed better discrimination, with AUCs of 1.0, 0.922 and 0.91, respectively, than the tPSA univariate LR and SVM models. In the test dataset, the multivariate LR model exhibited the best discrimination (AUC=0.918). The multivariate LR model and SVM model had better extrapolation and generalizability, with little change in performance between the training and test datasets. Compared with the DCA curves of the tPSA LR model, the other four models exhibited better net clinical benefits.ConclusionThe results of the current retrospective study suggest that machine learning techniques can predict prostate cancer with significantly better AUC, accuracy, and net clinical benefits.
Year One of COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect on Presentation of Patients With Glaucoma in a Multi-Tier Ophthalmology Network in India
Authors: Das Anthony Vipin , Senthil Sirisha 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the demographics and clinical profile of patients with glaucoma presenting during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown and unlock phases in India.MethodsThis retrospective hospital-based comparative study included patients presenting between March 25, 2017, and March 31, 2021. All patients who presented with glaucoma disorders were included as cases. The demographic and clinical data of these glaucoma patients were collected using an electronic medical record system.ResultsOverall, 34,419 patients (mean 47 per day) diagnosed with glaucoma diseases presented to the network and were included for analysis. The mean age of the patients was 54.16 ± 18.74 years and most were male (n=21,140; 61.42%) from the urban region (n=12,871;37.4%). On categorizing based on the timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the patients presented pre-COVID-19 (n=29,122; 84.61%), followed by a minority (n=175; 0.51%) during the lockdown and the rest (n=5,122; 14.88%) during unlock phase. An increasing number of patients with secondary glaucoma (n=82; 46.86%) and presenting from the local intra-city (n=82; 46.86%) was seen during the lockdown. There was a 6.6-fold increase in neovascular glaucoma and a 2.7-fold increase in lens induced glaucoma during the lockdown phase ((p&lt;0.001) for both). There was a significant increase in subjects in 4th decade (p&lt;0.03) and a decrease in subjects in 7th decade (p&lt;0.008) during the lockdown period.ConclusionThe presentation of patients with glaucoma disorders to the hospital is evolving due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The footfalls of patients during the unlock regained to two-thirds of the pre COVID-19 level. During the lockdown, the older patients were less, there was an increase in younger patients and those with secondary glaucoma, and the majority presenting from within the city.
Selection of Pediatric Mental Health Quality Measures for Health System Improvement in British Columbia Based on a Modified Delphi Approach
Authors: Waibel Sina , Wu Wan Ling , Smith Michael , Johnson L. Kit , Janke Rita D. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of mental wellbeing. The identification and implementation of quality measures can improve health outcomes and patient experience. The objective was to identify and define a core set of valid and relevant pediatric mental health quality measures that will support health system evaluation and quality improvement in British Columbia, Canada.MethodsThe study consisted of four phases. First, a comprehensive database search identified valid pediatric quality measures focused on mental health and substance use (MH/SU). Second, the identified quality measures were mapped to focus areas, which were then prioritized by two stakeholder groups consisting of 26 members. Third, up to two representative measures for each prioritized focus area were pre-selected by an expert panel (n = 9). And fourth, a three-step modified Delphi approach was employed to (1) assess each quality measure on a 7-point Likert scale against three relevance criteria (representative of a quality problem, value to intended audience and actionable), (2) discuss the results, and (3) select and rank the most relevant measures. Forty-eight stakeholders were invited to participate; of those 24 completed the round 1 survey, 21 participated in the round 2 discussion and 18 voted in the round 3 selection and ranking survey. For round 1, consensus was determined when at least 70% of the response rates were within the range of five to seven. For round 3, Kendall's coefficient of concordance W was used as an estimator of inter-rater reliability.ResultsOne-hundred pediatric mental health quality measures were identified in the database search. Of those, 37 were mapped to ten focus areas. Pre-selection resulted in 19 representative measures moving forward to the Delphi study. Eleven measures met the consensus thresholds and were brought forward to the round 2 discussion. Round 3 ranking showed moderate to strong raters' agreement (Kendall's W = 0.595; p &lt; 0.01) and resulted in the following five highest-ranked measures: level of satisfaction after discharge from inpatient admission due to MH/SU, number of patients experiencing seclusion or restraint, length of time from eating disorder referral to assessment, number of ED visits due to MH/SU, and number of readmissions to ED.ConclusionThe selected core set of valid and relevant pediatric quality measures will support sustainable system change in British Columbia. The five top-ranked measures will be refined and tested for data collection feasibility before being implemented in the province.
Utility of a Laboratory Alert System for Detecting Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalised Patients: Hyponatremia and Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Valdés-Garicano Mónica , Mejía-Abril Gina , Campodónico Diana , Parra-Garcés Raúl , Abad-Santos Francisco 
Published: July 2022

Background—Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a public health issue, due to their great impact on morbidity, mortality, and economic cost. The use of automatized laboratory alerts could simplify greatly its detection.Objectives—We aimed to evaluate the performance of a laboratory alerts system as a method for detecting ADRs, using hyponatremia and rhabdomyolysis as case studies.Methods—This is a retrospective observational study conducted in 2019 during a 6-month period, including patients hospitalized at the Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. Patients were identified using altered laboratory parameters corresponding to the two signals: “rhabdomyolysis” (creatine phosphokinase &gt;5 times the upper limit of normality (ULN): &gt;1000 U/L for men and &gt;900 U/L for women) and “hyponatremia” (&lt;116 mEq/L) were detected. In cases where ADR was suspected, causality assessment was performed using the algorithm of the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System (SEFV).Results—During the study period, 180 patients were studied for the “rhabdomyolysis” signal, 6 of them were found to have an ADR (3.3%). The sensitivity of the test was 60%, specificity 97%, and positive predictive value 41%. 28 patients were studied for the “hyponatremia” signal, and 11 patients were found to have an ADR (39.3%), with a sensitivity of 76.9%, a specificity of 93.3%, and a positive predictive value of 88.2%. We found no relationship between altered laboratory values and risk of ADR in any of the cases studied.Conclusion—A pharmacovigilance program based on automatized laboratory signals could be an effective method to detect ADR. The study of the “hyponatremia” laboratory alert is more efficient than “rhabdomyolysis”. The evaluation of the hyponatremia alert allows the identification of 12 times more ADRs than the rhabdomyolysis alert, which means less time spent per alert evaluated to identify an ADR.
The Impact of Family Functioning on College Students’ Loneliness: Chain-Mediating Effects of Core Self-Evaluation and Problematic Mobile Phone Use
Authors: Qian Ling , Wang Die , Jiang Min , Wu Wei , Ni Congying 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo examine the influence of family functioning on college students’ loneliness and the mediating effects of core self-evaluation and problematic mobile phone use.MethodsFamily Function Scale, Core Self-evaluation Scale, Problem Mobile Phone Use Scale, and Loneliness Scale were used to investigate 8,524 college students.Results(1) Family functioning positively predicted core self-evaluation (β = 0.43, p &lt; 0.001) and negatively predicted loneliness (β = −0.21, p &lt; 0.001); (2) Core self-evaluation negatively predicted problematic mobile phone use and loneliness (β = −0.34, p &lt; 0.001; β = −0.50, p &lt; 0.001); (3) Problematic mobile phone use significantly positively predicted loneliness (β = 0.05, p &lt; 0.001); (4) Core self-evaluation and problematic mobile phone use showed a significant chain-mediation effect between family functioning and loneliness (β = −0.01, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe results are helpful to comprehend the producing mechanism of loneliness and provide a theoretical basis for the intervention of loneliness.
Governing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in a Changing Climate: A Participatory Scenario Planning Approach Applied to Sweden in 2050
Authors: Lambraki Irene Anna , Cousins Melanie , Graells Tiscar , Léger Anaïs , Abdelrahman Sara , Desbois Andrew P. , Gallagher Rose , Staaf Larsson Birgitta , Mattson Bengt , Henriksson Patrik , Troell Max , Søgaard Jørgensen Peter , Wernli Didier , Carson Carolee Anne , Parmley Elizabeth Jane , Majowicz Shannon Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global crisis with long-term and unpredictable health, social and economic impacts, with which climate change is likely to interact. Understanding how to govern AMR amidst evolving climatic changes is critical. Scenario planning offers a suitable approach. By envisioning alternative futures, stakeholders more effectively can identify consequences, anticipate problems, and better determine how to intervene. This study explored future worlds and actions that may successfully address AMR in a changing climate in a high-income country, using Sweden as the case.MethodsWe conducted online scenario-building workshops and interviews with eight experts who explored: (1) how promising interventions (taxation of antimicrobials at point of sale, and infection prevention measures) could each combat AMR in 2050 in Sweden given our changing climate; and (2) actions to take starting in 2030 to ensure success in 2050. Transcripts were thematically analyzed to produce a narrative of participant validated alternative futures.ResultsRecognizing AMR to be a global problem requiring global solutions, participants looked beyond Sweden to construct three alternative futures: (1) “Tax Burn Out” revealed taxation of antimicrobials as a low-impact intervention that creates inequities and thus would fail to address AMR without other interventions, such as infection prevention measures. (2) “Addressing the Basics” identified infection prevention measures as highly impactful at containing AMR in 2050 because they would contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which would be essential to tackling inequities underpinning AMR and climate change, and help to stabilize climate-induced mass migration and conflicts; and (3) ”Siloed Nations” described a movement toward nationalism and protectionism that would derail the “Addressing the Basics” scenario, threatening health and wellbeing of all. Several urgent actions were identified to combat AMR long-term regardless which future un-folds, such as global collaboration, and a holistic approach where AMR and climate change are addressed as interlinked issues.ConclusionOur participatory scenario planning approach enabled participants from different sectors to create shared future visions and identify urgent actions to take that hinge on global collaboration, addressing AMR and climate change together, and achieving the SDGs to combat AMR under a changing climate.
Utilizing Baidu Index to Investigate Seasonality, Spatial Distribution and Public Attention of Dry Eye Diseases in Chinese Mainland
Authors: Yu Haozhe , Zeng Weizhen , Zhang Mengyao , Zhao Gezheng , Wu Wenyu , Feng Yun 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo explore the characteristics of spatial-temporal prevalence and public attention of dry eye diseases (DED) through Baidu Index (BI) based on infodemiology method.MethodsThe data about BI of DED were collected from Baidu search engine using “Dry eye diseases” as keyword. The spatial and temporal distribution of DED were analyzed through timeseries data decomposition as well as spatial autocorrelation and hotspot detection of BI about DED. The most popular related words and demographic characteristics were recorded to determine the public attention of DED.ResultsThe trends of BI about DED in Chinese mainland had gradually increased over time with a rapid increase from 2012 to 2014 and in 2018. The results of timeseries decomposition indicated that there was seasonality in the distribution of BI about DED with the peak in winter, especially in northern regions. The geographic distribution demonstrated the search activities of DED was highest in the east of Chinese mainland while lowest in the west. The vast majority of people searching for DED were teenagers (20–29 years), with a predominance of females. Glaucoma, keratitis and conjunctivitis were the diseases most often confused with DED, and the artificial tears were the most common treatment for DED in Chinese mainland according to the BI about DED.ConclusionsThe analysis revealed the seasonality, geographic hotspots and public concern of DED through BI in Chinese mainland, which provided new insights into the epidemiology of DED.
Effect of Rural-Urban Migration on Age at Marriage Among Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh
Authors: Antu Jannatul Ferdous , Parvin Kausar , Sujan Hasan Mahmud , Mamun Mahfuz Al , Naved Ruchira Tabassum 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesBangladesh reports one of the highest rates of child marriage (CM) (59%) in the world and the highest rate within South Asia. Age at marriage of girls is a critical human rights and developmental issue in Bangladesh. Migration has been documented to be positively associated with age at marriage. Bangladesh experiences one of the highest rates of rural to urban migration in the world. An increase in rural-urban migration of adolescent girls has been observed over the last few decades in Bangladesh with the expansion of employment opportunities particularly in the ready-made garment industry (RMG). This analysis explores the effect of migration on age at marriage and CM among adolescent girls living in urban slums of Dhaka.MethodsThe sample was selected from icddr,b's Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (UHDSS) and comprises of never-married adolescent girls aged 15–19, who migrated in from rural Bangladesh to slums in and around Dhaka during 2015–2019. These in-migrants were matched with their rural counterparts from icddr,b's Matlab HDSS (MHDSS), using one to one nearest neighbor matching with caliper 0.1 using propensity score matching (PSM) method. The sample derived included a total of 2,700 never-married adolescent girls from Dhaka and Matlab. The association between migration and age at first marriage was estimated using a linear regression model and the effect of migration on CM was explored using logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe in-migrants perfectly matched with their rural peers in terms of age, household wealth and religion. However, their income earning status was hugely different. Urban migrants had significantly higher age at marriage than the rural non-migrants for both 15–19 (Coefficient, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.07–2.46) and 20–24 years age group (Coefficient, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.18–3.55). The migrant girls aged 20–24 years were 71% (aOR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12–0.69) less likely to get married before CM age bar in Bangladesh compared to their rural counterparts.ConclusionMigration has a positive effect on delaying marriage and reducing CM among adolescent girls. Findings from this study suggest that CM can be reduced by creating educational and economic opportunities for females.
A Remotely Delivered Progressive Walking Intervention for Adults With Persistent Symptoms of a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Feasibility and Exploration of Its Impact
Authors: Alarie Christophe , Gagnon Isabelle , Guise Elaine de , McKerral Michelle , Kersalé Marietta , Hoog Béatrice van het , Swaine Bonnie 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPersistent post-concussion symptoms following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can impact function and participation of adults. Physical activity is recommended to reduce symptoms and foster return to normal activities. Adults with a mTBI may have personal factors or experience accessibility issues restricting physical activity. Walking is a physical activity accessible to most that could be delivered remotely.ObjectivesDetermine the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of a remotely delivered progressive walking intervention designed for adults with persistent mTBI symptoms and explore its effects on health-related outcomes.MethodologyThis feasibility study using a single-group pre-post mixed methods convergent parallel design was conducted remotely. Adults aged 18–65 years with a mTBI reporting persistent symptoms for ≥3 months were recruited. The 8-week remote progressive walking intervention aimed to increase the weekly number of steps walked by 40% based on a 1-week baseline measured by a Fitbit Inspire 2 activity monitor. Feasibility measures were about the intervention, its remote delivery, safety, and acceptability. Health-related outcomes were post-concussion symptoms, kinesiophobia, mood, sleep, fatigue, and quality of life. Semi-structured exit interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately, and results merged, compared, and contrasted. Descriptive statistics and paired samplest-tests were used. The qualitative analyses followed an iterative content analysis approach using reflexivity and triangulation of sources.ResultsTwenty adults (16 women) aged 42.5 ± 11.51 years with persisting symptoms for 9.25 ± 6.43 months participated, adhered to 94.38% of sessions, completed the intervention, and found it to be feasible, safe and acceptable. Participants increased weekly total number of steps walked (change = 14,886 ± 18,283;t= 3.55,p= 0.002). Severity of post-concussion symptoms (change = −6.42 ± 10.69;t= −2.62,p= 0.018), kinesiophobia (change = −5 ± 6.86;t= 3.18,p= 0.005), anxiety (change = −1.53 ± 3.01;t= −2.21,p= 0.04), and fatigue (change = −10.21 ± 10.20;t= −4.37,p&lt; 0.001) were reduced, whilst quality of life improved (change = 10.58 ± 13.35;t= 3.46,p= 0.003). Participants' perceptions corroborate most quantitative results; they felt improved self-efficacy about physical activity and provided five key recommendations.DiscussionThis study demonstrates the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of the remote 8-week progressive walking intervention, a promising approach to reduce persisting symptoms, improve physical activity level health-related outcomes and quality of life of adults with persistent post-concussion symptoms following a mTBI.
Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Academic Performance Among Haramaya University Undergraduate Regular Students, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mesele Tiruye Tilahun , Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Syoum Asmra Tesfahun , Antehneh Tazeb Alemu 
Published: July 2022

Background:Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem among students. The disease affects students' academic performance, although studies carried out in Ethiopia primarily focused on the prevalence aspects rather than the impacts of dysmenorrhea on academic performance and its associated factors. Therefore, this study focused on the prevalence of the impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance and its associated factors among undergraduate female students of Haramaya University in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to March 2020. A multistage random sampling technique was applied and a total of 356 students were included in the study. To select students, simple random sampling was used and the sample size was proportionally allocated with respect to the total number of each selected department. A semi-structured and a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire were used. The descriptive result was presented as a proportion whereas the analytic part was presented with an adjusted odds ratio.ResultThe prevalence of the impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance was 266 [(74.7%):95%CI (70.0, 79.5%)]. Premenstrual syndrome [AOR = 4.86:95%CI (2.13, 11.06)], early menarche [AOR = 4.89:95%CI (2.03, 11.77)], moderate/severe dysmenorrhea pain intensity [AOR = 8.53:95%CI (4.45, 16.39)], and students monthly pocket money &lt;150ETB [AOR = 3.91:95%CI (1.48, 10.29)] were significantly associated with the occurrence of the impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance. The most common impacts were difficulty in studying followed by loss of concentration in the class.Conclusion and RecommendationThere was a high prevalence of impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance among undergraduate female students of the Haramaya University. Awareness should be created among Haramaya university authorities and teachers about the academic performance impact of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea pain intensity to provide psychological and academic guidance, and managing mechanisms for the affected students. Haramaya University should also establish medical care for the affected students.