bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of key biomarkers and immune infiltration in Minimal Change Disease: Novel Insights from bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Tang Anqi , Yang Mengfan , Wu Ling , Zhao Liangbin , Xu Bojun , Huang Youqun , Xie Dengpiao , Li Mingquan , Li Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Minimal change disease (MCD) is not a simple immune disease, and its pathogenesis has not been elucidated because of its complexity in terms of the glomerular microenvironment and genetic susceptibility. Hence the therapeutic approach is equally imprecise.
Methods
We downloaded GSE108109 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for bioinformatic analyses. Genome-wide expression analysis (GSEA) and functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to assess the level of immune infiltration patterns of diseases. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes. Hub genes were intersected with immune-related genes downloaded from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) to obtain key genes. In addition, the expression levels of key genes were validated in the Kidney Interactive Transcriptomics webpage and Nephroseq database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to explore the value of key genes for MCD diagnosis.
Results
1029 DEGs were screened, of which 493 were up-regulated, and 536 were down-regulated. GSEA analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in three pathways, including T-cell receptor signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and B-cell receptor signaling pathway. In addition, 17 of the 21 immune cell types were significantly different in MCD compared to the normal group. A total of five key genes (ISG15, IRF1, OAS1, RSAD2, BST2) were shown to play essential roles in the immune response. Among them, IRF1, OAS1, RSAD2, and BST2 were highly expressed in podocytes.
Conclusions
In this study, bioinformatics analysis revealed new insights into MCD: (1) Immune cell infiltration analysis provided new evidence and clues to the molecular mechanisms of MCD. (2) Key genes such as ISG15, IRF1, OAS1, RSAD2 and BST2 may contribute to the immunopathological process of MCD development.
Discover the Active Constituents and Mechanism of Yiqi Qubai Decoction (YQD) in Treating Vitiligo based on Serum Pharmacochemistry Combining Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Zebrafish Experiment
Authors: Cui Lijun , Ma Cui , Shi Wenqing , Yang Chen , Wu Jiangping , Wu Zhenghua , lou Yuefen , Fan Guorong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Yiqi Qubai Decoction (YQD) is composed of four herbs, namely, Astragalus propinquus Schischkin, Akebiae Fructu, Leonuri Fructus, and Caragana Sinica Roots. For decades, the decoction has been utilized in the form of granules for the treatment of vitiligo in China, with a remarkable curative result and widespread recognition among patients. However, the chemical contents and active substances of YQD absorption into the plasma, as well as its mechanism of vitiligo treatment, remain unknown. This problem was solved based on serum pharmacochemistry combining network pharmacology, molecular docking, and zebrafish experiments. First, the chemical components of YQD in vitro and the absorption components in rat plasma were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Second, network pharmacology was integrated with molecular docking analysis to reveal the active ingredients and a putative mechanism for YQD vitiligo treatment. Finally, an in vivo zebrafish experiment validated the impact of enhancing melanin synthesis. A total of 44 chemical constituents and 36 absorption compounds, consisting of 4 prototype components and 32 metabolites were identified. Network pharmacology studies demonstrated that apigenin, astraisoflavan, akebia saponin D, genkwanin glucuronidation metabolites, and apigenin-glucuronidation metabolites might be the key active components of YQD for the treatment of vitiligo, while AKT1, mTOR, and MAPK1 may serve as the key targets. The main functional pathways involving these key targets include PI3K-AKT-mTOR, PI3K-AKT-FoxO, and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking analysis found that the active components have a high affinity for AKT1, MAPK1, and mTOR. YQD could accelerate the new generation of melanin in zebrafish, which is of great significance for treating vitiligo. Our research not only looked at the absorptive and possibly useful ingredients and mechanisms of YQD for treating vitiligo, but it also confirmed the anti-vitiligo impact and served as a reference for further research, development, and application of YQD.
Does the level of obesity impact on the respiratory function in adults?
Authors: LoMauro Antonella , Tringali Gabriella , Codecasa F , Abbruzzese L , Sartorio Alessandro , Aliverti Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated to breathing disorders. In order to investigate if and how the level of obesity impact on the respiratory function, 10 obese class 2 (median age: 51 years; BMI: 38.7 kg/m2, 5 females), 7 obese class 3 patients (41 years; 45.7 kg/m2, 3 females) and 10 non-obese subjects (49 years; 23.9 kg/m2, 5 females) were studied. Patients were characterized by abdominal obesity, with abdominal volume occupying the 40% and 42% in class 2 and 3, being higher (p<0.001) than non-obese group (31%). Spirometry and lung volumes did not differ between the two classes, while the supine position induced an important reduction of functional residual capacity. At rest, breathing frequency was higher in class 3 (19 breaths/min, p=0.025). In supine position obese patients breathed with higher minute ventilation (class 12.1: L/min, class 2: 11.4 L/min) and lower ribcage contribution (class 3: 4.9%, class 2: 6.1%) than non-obese subjects (7.5 L/min, p= 0.001 and 31.1%, p=0.003, respectively), indicating thoracic restriction. Otherwise healthy obesity might not be characterized by restrictive lung pattern. Other sign of restriction could be poor thoracic expansion at rest in supine position, resulting in increased ventilation. Class 3 obesity made respiratory rate further increase.
Comparative Study of Woody Species Composition, Diversity, Structure and Regeneration Status in Traditionally Managed Coffee Agro-forestry System Adjacent to Natural Forest in Gimbo District, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Getachew , Mulatu Kassahun , MEKONNEN Desta Firdu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Diversity of woody species in natural forests has been threatened by unwise use of forest resources globally. This study was conducted to assess the woody species diversity, structure and regeneration status in the traditionally managed coffee agro-forestry system adjacent to natural forest. The study used vegetation inventory, focus group discussion and key informant interview. Vegetation data were collected from 60(sixty) sample plots (30 from natural forest and 30 from traditionally managed coffee agro-forestry). A sample plot of 20 mx20 m was used for tree and five sub plots in the main plot were used to collect seedling/sapling and shrubs. The result revealed that a total of 75 (53 from natural forest and 22 from coffee agro-forestry system) woody species belonging to 33 were found in the study area. Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the dominant families in natural forest while Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Araliaceae, Moraceae and Boraginaceae are dominant families in coffee ago-forestry system. Sorensen’s coefficient of similarity (SS) (42.76%) indicated similarity of species composition between natural forests and traditionally managed coffee agro-forestry was low. Diversity indices revealed that evenness, Shannon’s and Simpson diversity in natural forest were significantly higher than (p < 0.001) in traditionally managed coffee agro-forestry system. The result also shows that the traditionally managed coffee agro-forestry system has negatively influenced the composition, diversity, and structure and regeneration status of woody species in the study area. Thus, appropriate shade tree management need to be implemented to simultaneously improve the productivity of coffee and conserve woody species diversity in traditionally managed coffee agro-forestry system.
High-Performance and Low-Noise Front-End Electronics for GRAPES-3 Muon Telescope
Authors: Ramesh K. , Gupta S.K. , Hariharan B. , Hayashi Y. , Jagadeesan P. , Jain A. , Kawakami S. , Mohanty P.K. , Nayak Pranaba K. , Oshima A. , Reddy L.V. , Zuberi M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cosmic Ray Laboratory -- TIFR, Ooty, India is operating the largest tracking muon telescope as a component of the GRAPES-3 (Gamma Ray Astronomy PeV EnergieS at phase -- 3) experiment. The basic building blocks of the telescope are proportional counters (PRCs), a large number of which are fabricated in-house for the planned expansion of the existing muon telescope to double its area and enhance the solid angle coverage from 2.3\,sr to 3.7\,sr as well as achieving higher sensitivity for studying space weather and atmospheric phenomena, cosmic ray composition, etc. The existing muon telescope consists of 3712 PRCs, and after the planned expansion which requires an additional 3776 PRCs, the area of the telescope will increase from the present 560\,m$^2$ to 1130\,m$^2$. Each of the PRCs would need to be individually equipped with front-end electronics for processing the output signals. The output pulses from PRCs are extremely feeble, and their charges are in the order of $\sim$100\,pC. The tiny signal has to be isolated from potential sources of noise before its processing. High-performance, ultra-low noise, and cost-effective electronics are designed, developed, and mass-produced in-house for about 8000 channels of PRCs. The quality of data is improved significantly by interfacing the new electronics with PRCs of the existing muon telescope due to improved signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and the data acquisition is made effective as a result of multifold improvement achieved by avoiding undesired interruptions in the data.
Analysis of Effect and Necessity of Perforated Pipes by Type of Runoff in Bio-retention
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Gil Kyungik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As urbanization progresses, the impervious area has rapidly been increasing. Accordingly, the need to build eco-friendly water circulation system is demanding. In particular, in order to prevent flooding caused by the increasing impervious area and to prevent non-point pollution damage from rainfall runoff, low impact development (LID), which is based on nature solution had been developed. Bio-retention which is one of many LID technologies have been installed in several regions in Korea. That is consisting of a soil layer with plants, a sand layer, and a gravel layer, and at the same time reducing nonpoint pollutants by adding planting soil layer in the underground penetration process. The design elements and parameters of such bio-retention include the soil layer, width, depth, water quality treatment capacity, and types of vegetation. Perforated pipes have not been considered to factor the design of the system. However, the current manual provided by the Korean government agency for non-point pollution reduction facilities (Ministry of Environment, 2020) does not well describe the storage effect or pollutant reduction effect when a perforated pipe is installed, and it is not clear on what kind of basis the perforated pipe be installed, and the standards about the perforated pipes are not determined as well. Therefore, the effect of perforated pipes in the bio-retention according to the types of runoff is studied through rainfall monitoring and its analysis in the bio-retention in this study. And then comparative study with international case studies was made with these results.
Suitability of Acacia decurrence Fiber Morphology For Pulp and Paper Making
Authors: ABARA LAMESA 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the fiber properties of Acacia decurrence as an alternative raw material quality evaluation for pulp and paper production. Trees from an even-aged stand with a similar stem diameter class were selected randomly. Wood discs were cross cut systematically from a log at the bottom (10%), middle (50%), and top (90%) position along the merchantable height, as well as a block of wood (2cmx2cmx2cm), was taken from pith to periphery: at near pith (10%), middle(50%), and near bark (90%) of disk radius. Fiber properties were determined, and their change with tree height and distance from the pith to the bark were evaluated. The fiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured while the derived fiber values were computed from the measured fiber dimensions. All the data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the overall means were 1.37mm, 39.60µm, 9.68µm, 1.93µm, 0.39, 35.38, 24.82, and 0.09 for fiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness, Runkle ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and wall coverage ratio, respectively. A.decurrence was found to fulfill most of the derived fiber values for pulp and paper production, as any part of the tree portion along tree heights and from the pith to the periphery can be utilized for pulp and paper production.
Herbivore-Dependent Induced Volatiles in Pear Plants Cause Differentialattractive Response by Chrysoperla Externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: VALLE D. , MUJICA V. , Gonzalez A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While chemical control is still the primary strategy for insect pest management in fruit production, alternative strategies such as biological control need to be incorporated. Biological control may benefit from the behavioral manipulation of natural enemies using volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Among these, herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) provide potential tools for attracting or retaining predators and parasitoids of insect pests. In southern South America, the pear psylla Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) has become a major pest in pear orchards. In this study, we identified VOCs emitted by pear plants in response to attack by C. bidens and compared these with VOCs induced by a leaf-chewing insect, Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Moreover, we evaluated the behavioral response of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to HIPVs from pear plants damaged by either herbivore. Plants damaged by the pear psylla emitted VOC blends with increased amounts of aliphatic aldehydes. In contrast, leafroller damage resulted in increased amounts of benzeneacetonitrile, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, ꞵ-ocimene and caryophyllene. In olfactometer bioassays, larvae of C. externa were attracted to herbivore-damaged plants when contrasted with undamaged plants. When plant odors from psylla-damaged were contrasted with those of leafroller-damaged plants, C. externa larvae preferred the former, also showing shorter response lag-times and higher response rates when psylla-damaged plants were present. Our results suggest that psylla-induced aliphatic aldehydes may be used as prey-specific chemical cues by chrysopid larvae. Our findings contributes to the general notion of using semiochemicals as tools for attracting and retaining natural enemies in agroecosystems.
Sex Differences in Friendships and Loneliness in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children Across Development
Authors: Libster Natalie , Knox Azia , Engin Selin , Geschwind Daniel , Parish-Morris Julia , Kasari Connie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Autistic children have been shown to have lower friendship quality, less complete definitions of friendships, and higher levels of loneliness than their non-autistic peers. However, no known studies have explored sex differences in autistic children’s understanding of friendships and perceptions of loneliness across development. Non-autistic children begin to prioritize affection and intimacy in friendships during adolescence, and adolescent girls, regardless of diagnosis, report having higher friendship quality than boys. Higher friendship quality is further associated with reduced loneliness in autistic and non-autistic children. Here, we explored how autistic and non-autistic boys and girls describe their friends, define the meaning of friendship, and experience feelings of loneliness across development.
Methods
This mixed-methods study analyzed the transcribed clinical evaluations of 58 autistic children (29 girls) matched to 42 non-autistic children (21 girls) on age and IQ. Transcripts were coded for four themes that children used to define friendships – personality, companionship, dependability, and intimacy – and for perceived loneliness. We then compared these codes across diagnosis, sex, and age. Thematic analyses were further implemented to gain a more holistic understanding of children’s reported friendships and perceived loneliness.
Results
Girls, regardless of diagnosis, were more likely than boys to refer to personality when defining the meaning of friendship, and the likelihood of referring to dependability and intimacy increased with age. Most children reported having at least one friend, though several autistic adolescents reported not having friends or were uncertain whether they had friends. While autistic and non-autistic boys and girls were equally likely to report feeling lonely at times, several autistic girls and boys reported being frequently lonely.
Limitations:
This study was a secondary data analysis. The standardized set of questions on the ADOS limited the amount of information that children provided about their friendships and perceptions of loneliness.
Conclusion
As with non-autistic children, autistic children acquire a more complex understanding of friendship throughout development. However, as children begin to prioritize dependability and intimacy in friendships, autistic adolescents may have difficulty developing friendships characterized by these themes. While the friendships of autistic girls are qualitatively similar to those of non-autistic girls, they are as likely as autistic boys to report feelings of loneliness.
Antibiotic elution from cement: an in vitro study
Authors: Graff Christy , Crick Bradley , Tang Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Prosthetic joint infection is a serious complication of total hip replacement. Cement removal during two stage revisions can be associated with significant morbidity. Exposing new surface area of cement may achieve therapeutic antibiotic elution.
Methods Five blocks containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and vancomycin were stored in normal saline at 37C and allowed to reach steady state. Different interventions to expose new surface area were performed at six weeks.
Results Post intervention, blocks with the greatest increase in surface area showed the greatest increase in vancomycin levels, the highest increase being 641.77% compared with the control (5.88%).
Conclusions This study confirms antibiotics remain trapped within PMMA after elution ceases. Further release of vancomycin from cement occurs after exposing new surface area. This seems proportional to the exposed surface area size.
Spatial Assessment of Post COVID Water Quality Status of Turag River for Sustainable Water Resource Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Mukar Mirza Md Tasnim , Rukiya Quazi Umme , Mukarram Tahsin , Das Anutosh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects on human life and the environment, especially freshwater ecosystems. Despite its many effects, the pandemic has increased the quality of the environment, making it possible to recover devastated ecosystems. During the lockdown period of COVID some improvements in environmental quality was observed in different parts of the world by many researchers. Due to increased manufacturing and urbanization over the past few decades, Dhaka's periphery rivers have become heavily polluted. Hence in this study an attempt has been taken to depict the post covid surface water quality status of heavily polluted Turag river in Bangladesh. So, for the first time, a GIS-based spatial analysis of water quality index was used to try to measure 16 water quality parameters (pH, EC, temperature, turbidity, salinity, TDS, DO, Na+, K+ Ca2+, Mg2+ Cl−, Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd) in the water of the river Turag. So, it could be used as a point of reference for future research in Bangladesh. At first WQI for the collected samples were calculated and it was observed that all the sampling stations water quality status were extremely poor since WQI > 100. Kriging method of interpolation was used to predict the engulfing WQS and visually present those using GIS maps. The upshots of this study is extremely alarming as 100% of the observed samples WQS exceeded the standard limits. On the basis of these findings, we advocated the immediate implementation of appropriate water management methods and policies in order to manage and protect the water resources.
Inconsistent pseudorange biases in time links and their effect on BDS and GPS PPP frequency transfer
Authors: Song Wei , Zheng Fu , Tian Yuan , Zhang Dong , Shi Chuang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Precise point positioning (PPP) using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) phase and code measurements has recently been the primary technique for time and frequency comparisons. Several scholars have studied multi-GNSS PPP clock comparison, but the inconsistent pseudorange bias from receivers with different correlator spaces and front-end designs in pseudorange observations has not been considered. In this work, we analyze the characteristics of inconsistent pseudorange biases of the Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and their effects on PPP frequency transfer. The biases are confirmed to exist in receivers from manufacturers Septentrio, Trimble and Leica and differ by manufacturers. To explicitly investigate the pseudorange biases effects of GPS and BDS on PPP time and frequency comparisons, nine stations with receivers from three different manufacturers that can track BDS-2 and BDS-3 signals are selected. Regarding PPP frequency transfer with inhomogeneous receivers, the modified Allan variances (MDEVs) of GPS and BDS PPP frequency stability are significantly optimized. According to the receiver-type classification strategy, the overall improvements of frequency transfer with Trimble-Septentrio and Trimble-Leica are 33%, 7% and 39% and 23%, 14% and 23% for GPS, BDS-2 and BDS-3, respectively. Moreover, the convergence time of clock comparisons is obviously shortened after using the bias corrections. For GOPE-BRUX and GOPE-MATE links, the corrected cases yield average clock difference stability gains of 38%, 35% and 53% and 35%, 35% and 23% for GPS, BDS-2, and BDS-3, respectively. The results show that the bias corrections are vital and allow more stable time links for PPP frequency transfer.
Computation of solution Neutral Delay Differential of a Real-time dynamic sub-structuring Model
Authors: Piriadarshani D. , Sasikala K. , Yadav Kailash 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, a mass-spring-damper coupled to a pendulum for a real-time dynamic sub-structural model is developed as a nonlinear system through the Neutral Delay Differential equation using Laplace transform.