bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of S100A9 and KL-6 in common interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Lin Li , Zhao Yabin , Li Zhenhua , Li Yun , Wang Wei , Kang Jian , Wang Qiuyue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
By evaluating S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) and Klebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) expression in patients with 4 common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), we aimed to investigate whether S100A9 or KL-6 can be of any value in the differential diagnosis of these ILDs and simultaneously signal the disease progression.
We collected the data of patients diagnosed with the 4 ILDs and underwent fiber-optic bronchoscopy and BAL in the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University from January 2012 to December 2020. The data related to BGA, C-reactive protein, pulmonary function test, total number and fraction of cells, T lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the expression of S100A9 and KL-6 in BALF and serum were collected. We analyzed, whether S100A9 or KL-6 could serve as a biomarker for differential diagnosis between the 4 common ILDs; whether the levels of S100A9 and KL-6 correlated with each other; whether they were correlated with other clinical parameters and disease severity.
This study included 98 patients, 37 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 12 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 13 with connective tissue disease-associated ILD, and 36 with sarcoidosis (SAR): stage I (18), stage II (9), stage III (5), and stage IV (4). The expression of KL-6 in BALF was significantly higher in IPF patients than other 3 groups (all P-value < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the levels of S100A9 in BALF and serum between the 4 groups (P-value > .05). The levels of S100A9 in BALF of IPF patients was positively and significantly correlated with KL-6 expression and the percentage of neutrophils in BALF (P-value < .05). Along with the stage increase of SAR patients, the level of S100A9 in BALF gradually increased, which was negatively and significantly correlated with the forced vital capacity/predicted, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity/predicted%, and PaO2 (all P-value < .05).
The expression of KL-6 in BALF can be used as a biomarker to differentiate IPF from the other 3 common ILDs. While, this was not the case with expression of S100A9 in BALF and serum. However, the expression S100A9 in BALF is useful to indicate the progression of SAR. Thus, simultaneous measurement of KL-6 and S100A9 levels in BALF makes more sense in differential diagnosing of the 4 common ILDS.
The correlation between middle schoolchildren allergic symptoms and airborne particle season
Authors: Al-Nesf Maryam Ali , Gharbi Dorra , Mobayed Hassan M. , Mohammed Ali Ramzy , Dason Blessing Reena , Adeli Mehdi , Tuffaha Amjad , Sattar Hisham A. , Trigo Maria del Mar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Limited studies correlate allergic symptoms and associated outdoor biological particle exposure among schoolchildren globally.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the seasonality of symptoms of allergic diseases among middle schoolchildren and the annual variation of airborne pollen and fungal spore in a hot and humid geographical region (Qatar).
During November 2017 to January 2018, a self-reported study of middle schoolchildren living in the Doha capital city of Qatar was conducted, and data gathered were evaluated in relation to the collected monthly pollen and fungal spores. Participants’ data were collected by conducting a survey based on a modified questionnaire adopted from the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC). The airborne pollen and fungal spore in Doha's atmosphere were extracted from the Doha aerobiology project (2017–2020).
Among the 1000 distributed questionnaires, 100 were excluded due to significant missing data and 644 middle schoolchildren living in Doha city responded and were included in the final analysis. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) pattern among the responders with positive symptoms were strongly linked with the higher airborne fungal spore incidence during the month of November. Out of 331 students with positive symptoms, the prevalence of AR, lifetime wheeze, and eczema was 62.8%, 28.1%, and 26.6%, respectively. Asthma was significantly higher in Qatari (39.8%) compared to non-Qatari (26.7%) middle schoolchildren (P = .02).
Outdoor aeroallergen may be a contributing factor in addition to other environmental and genetic predisposing factors for childhood atopic diseases in the prevalence rate of allergic symptoms among middle schoolchildren in the peninsula of Qatar.
Repeated intracerebral hemorrhage after craniotomy for a distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm
Authors: Feng Yan , Ji MingJun , Ren Yufeng , Liu Ziqian , Xin Zhenxue , Wang Liqun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Distal middle cerebral artery aneurysms are very rare in the clinic, and craniotomy clipping is the better treatment after diagnosis. However, patients can also have repeated acute intracerebral hemorrhage after craniotomy for aneurysm, which has not been previously reported.

Patient concerns:
A 24-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with headache, nausea, and vomiting. He was well before, had no family history of cerebrovascular disease or hypertension, and had no history of trauma.

Diagnoses:
Computer tomography and digital subtraction angiography of the brain revealed intracranial hematoma and an aneurysm located at the M4 segment of the left middle cerebral artery.

Interventions:
The patient underwent 2 surgeries to treat the aneurysm, followed by 2 operations for acute cerebral hemorrhage.

Outcomes:
Despite repeated surgical treatments, the patient had a poor prognosis and eventually died of respiratory and circulatory failure after repeated brain bleeding.

Lessons:
Briefly, it is of great importance to consider the risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage, and provide individualized treatment and psychological counseling for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Validation of a new Equinometer device for measuring ankle range of motion in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Horsch Axel , Kleiber Saskia , Ghandour Maher , Klotz Matthias Christoph Michael , Hetto Pit , Tsitlakidis Stefanos , Alimusaj Merkur , Götze Marco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The goniometer is the gold-standard measurement tool of ankle range of motion (ROM). However, several studies have questioned its inter- and intra-rater reliability. Therefore, we conducted this validation study to assess the reliability of a different tool, named Equinometer, as a measurement device of ankle ROM in addition to comparing the reproducibility of their results.
Sixteen healthy individuals were included. They underwent both goniometer and Equinometer measurements in knee extension and 90° knee flexion (Silfverskjöld Test). Three raters reported the values of dorsiflexion (DF) and plantarflexion (PF) in each session using both measurement tools. Intra-rater reliability was assessed between 2 raters on another study group of 24 participants. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine the reliability of the used device.
The age of study subjects ranged from 22 to 85 years. Fifty percent were males, and the right ankle joint was the most examined side (68.75%). In terms of DF and PF during knee extension and flexion, our analysis revealed that the measurements recorded by the Equinometer were equivalent to the goniometer. Of note, the intra-rater reliability of the Equinometer was excellent for both DF and PF assessment during both knee flexion and extension (Intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.90 to 0.98), with minimal mean differences from goniometer measurements. Subgroup analysis based on age did not reveal any significant differences (P > .05).
Given the high intra-rater correlations of the Equinometer, we suggest that it is reliable and precise in recording ankle ROM in outpatient clinics, particularly to obtain reproductive, comparable and unbiased data from different observers.
Teaching Family Caregivers to Assist Safely with Mobility
Authors: Powell-Cope Gail , Pippins Karla M. , Young Heather M. 
Published: May 2022

This article is part of a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups, conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project, supported evidence that family caregivers aren't given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aims to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's health care at home.
The articles in this new installment of the series explain principles for promoting safe mobility that nurses should reinforce with family caregivers. Each article also includes an informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—that contains links to instructional videos. To use this series, nurses should read the article first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers, and then encourage the caregivers to watch the videos and ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses.
Trends Over 2 Decades in Adolescent Suicidal and Recreational Ingestions of Over-the-Counter Coricidin Preparations
Authors: Sheridan David C. , Marshall Rebecca , Lin Amber , Hughes Adrienne , Horowitz B. Zane 
Published: May 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess national trends in recreational and suicidal ingestions of over-the-counter cough preparations that contain Coricidin.

Methods
Using the American Association of Poison Control Center's National Poison Data System, we obtained data from 2004 to 2017 on patients aged 13 to 19 years with an ingestion of “Coricidin.” We examined trends over time overall and ingestion intent (recreational vs suicidal) using linear regression. We compared patient characteristics, substances ingested, clinical effects and therapies, and outcomes by suicidal versus misuse or recreational intention.

Results
An initial search with the inclusion criteria found 19,213 calls that matched study inclusion criteria. On average, there was a yearly linear increase of 180.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 136.6–223.3; P < 0.01) ingestions per year. Within suicide ingestions, there was an average yearly increase of 97.9 (95% CI, 66.9–128.9; P < 0.01) ingestions, and within misuse/recreational ingestions, there was an average yearly increase of 82.1 (95% CI, 60.3–103.9; P < 0.01) ingestions. The most common clinical effect was tachycardia, which occurred in 42.4% of ingestions. Altered mental status, mydriasis, and ataxia were all more common in misuse/recreational ingestions. Suicidal ingestions resulted in more hospital admissions and need for medical treatment. Recreational-use coded calls peaked in 2013, whereas calls coded for suicide attempts have continued to rise dramatically, with a 50% increase in the 14-year study period.

Conclusion
Combination Coricidin products are a major source of morbidity in adolescents. Targeted preventive measures in primary care offices or larger-scale policy/legislative efforts may be helpful to address this.
Survey About Second-Line Agents for Pediatric Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Tyson Marguerite , Trenear Rebecca , Skellett Sophie , Maconochie Ian , Mullen Niall 
Published: May 2022

Background
Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is the most common neurological emergency in children. It is a frequent cause of admission to pediatric intensive care units and is associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity. Management of CSE is a step-wise approach: first-line antiseizure agents (typically benzodiazepines) followed by a second-line agent before deeper anesthesia usually accompanied by intubation and ventilation. Current guidelines in the United Kingdom specify phenytoin as the second-line agent of choice for CSE. Two recent large international randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy of phenytoin with that of another second-line agent levetiracetam. Both studies found levetiracetam to be noninferior to phenytoin.

Methods
We conducted an online survey of clinicians across 67 emergency departments that treat children and 29 pediatric intensive care units in the United Kingdom and Ireland to assess their current and preferred second-line agents for treating pediatric CSE in light of recently published evidence. The survey was distributed via the Pediatric Emergency Research in United Kingdom and Ireland network and the Pediatric Critical Care Society.

Results
We found that although most clinicians use phenytoin, as per current guidelines, they seek greater flexibility in choice of second-line agent, with levetiracetam being the preferred alternative to phenytoin.

Conclusions
To facilitate use of levetiracetam for treatment of CSE in pediatrics, it should be included as a second-line agent in addition to phenytoin in the next update of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and other United Kingdom clinical guidelines.
Development of a finite element–based model for the thermal assessment of transtibial prosthetic liners
Authors: McCorkle Jazmin O. , McCullough Matthew B.A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Thermal discomfort because of elevated residual limb skin temperatures and/or perspiration within the prosthetic socket is frequently reported among people with amputation.

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of the thermal conductivity characteristics of prosthetic liners on transtibial prosthesis heat dissipation, following postactivity rest.

Study design:
Time-dependent heat transfer study in solids using finite element analysis.

Methods:
A three-dimensional model of the transtibial residual limb was developed by simplifying the geometry to tapered, layered cylinders. Four prosthetic socket liners of varying thermal conductivities were then added to the exterior, and the final surface temperatures of the skin layer were analyzed.

Results:
Warmer temperatures were observed near regions with greater muscle volume; cooler temperatures were observed at the distal end of the simplified model. The final residual limb skin temperatures for each prosthetic liner were found to be significantly different from one another. Overall, the average final surface temperatures of the skin layer at the end of postactivity rest was 3.85°C ± 0.12°C greater than the initial surface temperatures of skin layer.

Conclusions:
None of the prosthetic liners made a significant reduction in residual limb skin temperatures after activity. The results indicate that the focus should be on other material properties of the prosthetic liners or active cooling systems.
The Kenevo microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee compared with non–microprocessor-controlled knees in individuals older than 65 years in Sweden: A cost-effectiveness and budget-impact analysis
Authors: Kuhlmann Alexander , Hagberg Kerstin , Kamrad Ilka , Ramstrand Nerrolyn , Seidinger Susanne , Berg Hans 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Growing evidence suggests that individuals with transfemoral amputation or knee disarticulation using a prosthesis equipped with a microprocessor-controlled knee (MPK) benefit from enhanced mobility and safety, including less falls. In elderly individuals, high mortality rates are assumed to reduce the expected useful life of MPKs, and this raises concerns regarding their economic effectiveness.

Objective:
To investigate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the Kenevo/MPK (Ottobock, Germany) compared with non–microprocessor-controlled knees (NMPKs) in people older than 65 years at the time of transfemoral amputation/knee disarticulation, from a Swedish payer’s perspective.

Methods:
A decision-analytic model was developed to conduct the economic analysis of the Kenevo/MPK. Model parameters were derived from Swedish databases and published literature. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to explore parameter uncertainty.

Results:
Compared with NMPKs, the Kenevo/MPK reduced the frequency of hospitalizations by 137 per 1,000 person years while the frequency of fatal falls was reduced by 19 per 1,000 person-years in the simulation. Over a 25-year time horizon, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was EUR11,369 per quality-adjusted life year. The probability of the MPK being cost-effective at a threshold of EUR40,000 per quality-adjusted life year was 99%. The 5-year budget impact model predicted an increase in payer expenditure of EUR1.76 million if all new patients received a Kenevo/MPK, and 50% of current NMPK users switched to the MPK.

Conclusions:
Results of the modeling suggest that the Kenevo/MPK is likely to be cost-effective for elderly individuals, primarily because of a reduction in falls.
EEG and MRI Abnormalities in Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: Tavakoli Yaraki Pouyan , Yu Yeyao J. , AlKhateeb Mashael , Arevalo Astrada Miguel A. , Lapalme-Remis Samuel , Mirsattari Seyed M. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:To compare the rate of EEG and MRI abnormalities in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) patients with and without suspected epilepsy. Patients were also compared in terms of their demographic and clinical profiles.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 271 newly diagnosed PNES patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit between May 2000 and April 2008, with follow-up clinical data collected until September 2015.Results:One hundred ninety-four patients were determined to have PNES alone, 16 PNES plus possible epilepsy, 14 PNES plus probable epilepsy, and 47 PNES plus confirmed epilepsy. Fifty-seven of the 77 patients (74.0%) with possible, probable, or definite epilepsy exhibited epileptiform activity on EEG, versus only 16 of the 194 patients (8.2%) in whom epilepsy was excluded. Twenty-four of these 194 patients (12.4%) had MRI abnormalities. Three of 38 patients (7.9%) with both EEG and MRI abnormalities were confirmed not to have epilepsy. In PNES patients with EEG or MRI abnormalities compared with those without, patients with abnormalities were more likely to have epilepsy risk factors, such as central nervous system structural abnormalities, and less likely to report minor head trauma. The presence of EEG abnormalities in PNES-only patients did not influence antiseizure medication reduction, whereas those with MRI abnormalities were less likely to have their antiseizure medications reduced.Conclusions:Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure patients without MRI or EEG abnormalities are less likely to have associated epilepsy, risk factors for epilepsy, and had different demographic profiles. There is a higher-than-expected level of EEG and MRI abnormalities in PNES patients without epilepsy.
Analysis of Intraoperative Motor Evoked Potential Changes and Surgical Interventions in 513 Pediatric Spine Surgeries
Authors: Segura Martín José , Talarico María Elena , Miranda Miguel Ángel , Noel Mariano Augusto 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
(1) To determine probabilities of immediate postoperative new motor deficits after no, reversible, and irreversible motor evoked potentials (MEP) deteriorations and (2) to calculate the same outcome considering whether MEP deteriorations were followed by surgical interventions in the absence of confounding factors.

Methods:
We analyzed MEPs from 513 surgeries. Four-limb MEPs were evoked by transcranial electrical stimulation. Baseline recordings were obtained before skin incision and updated before instrumentation. Motor evoked potentials deteriorations were considered significant whenever they showed a persistent, reversible, or irreversible amplitude decrease of >80% of the baseline values.

Results:
Nine patients showed postoperative new motor deficits. Probabilities of postoperative new motor deficits were null, 2.8%, and 36.8% with no, reversible, and irreversible MEP deteriorations, respectively. The risk of immediate postoperative new motor deficits was significantly lower (P = 0.0002) in reversible MEP compared with irreversible MEP deteriorations. In patients showing reversible/irreversible MEP deteriorations in the absence of confounding factors, surgical interventions compared with nonsurgical interventions significantly decreased the risk of immediate postoperative new motor deficits (P = 0.0216).

Conclusions:
This study shows that probabilities of immediate postoperative new motor deficits increase with the severity of intraoperative MEP changes. In addition, our results support the value of surgical interventions triggered by MEP deteriorations to reduce postoperative adverse motor outcomes.
Major Depressive Disorder as a risk factor of neuropsychiatric symptoms in normal and pathological aging, and associations with cognitive performances
Authors: Lucas Ronat ,   NACC Group, Alexandru Hanganu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is based on the DSM-V criteria and is established by a clinician. It allows quantifying depression based on clinical criteria. As such, MDD differs from other types of depressions quantified based on subjective scales. Here, we evaluated the MDD risk factor on other neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) as well as MDD association with cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Healthy Controls (CH).ParticipantsData of 208 patients with AD, 291 patients with MCI and 647 HC was extracted from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database. Each included participant was assessed by a physician for the MDD criteria, underwent an evaluation of NPS using the NeuroPsychiatric Inventory, and a comprehensive cognitive assessment. Participants were classified in those with- and without MDD. We performed logistic regression and a MANCOVA models respectively with NPS and cognitive performance as variables of interest and MDD as fixed factors within each group. The MANCOVA was controlled for the effects of age, sex, and education.ResultsMDD increased the risk for psychotic, affective and behavioral NPS in MCI, and affective/behavioral NPS in CH and AD. Also, MCI with MDD had lower performance on selective attention and mental flexibility.ConclusionsMDD seems to increase the probability for a higher prevalence of NPS in all groups (CN, MCI and AD). This might suggest that early treatment of MDD could impact future neuropsychiatric symptomatology and cognitive performance.