bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Don't Forget about the K-Pouch!
Authors: Shuford Rebecca , Ashburn Jean H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe continent ileostomy (CI) was popularized by Nils Kock as a means to provide fecal continence to patients, most commonly in those with ulcerative colitis, after proctocolectomy. Although the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) now represents the most common method to restore continence after total proctocolectomy, CI remains a suitable option for highly selected patients who are not candidates for IPAA or have uncorrectable IPAA dysfunction but still desire fecal continence. The CI has exhibited a fascinating and marked evolution over the past several decades, from the advent of the nipple-valve to a distinct pouch design, giving the so-inclined and so-trained colorectal surgeon a technique that provides the unique patient with another option to restore continence. The CI continues to offer a means for appropriately selected patients to achieve the highest possible quality of life (QOL) and functional status after total proctocolectomy.
Surgical Management of the Armored Brain: Case Report of the Treatment of a Chronic Calcified Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Girotto André Luiz , Gago Guilherme 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCalcified chronic subdural hematomas (CCSDHs) are rare entities, whose yearly incidence ranges from 1.72 to 20.6 per every 100 thousand persons. Several different approaches to their management are reported in the literature, ranging from conservative treatment to craniotomy with full removal of the neomembranes. Currently, there are no guidelines or consensus that establish the best technique. We herein report a case of symptomatic CCSDH initially drained through a burr-hole craniotomy, with no resolution of the symptoms. Later, our patient underwent a craniotomy and partial membranectomy, which resulted in full symptomatic recovery.
Design Appropriate Incision Length for Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy: Take into Account Safety and Minimal Invasiveness
Authors: Shao Chen-ye , Liu Can-hui , Ren Qian-he , Liu Xiao-long , Dong Guo-hua , Yao Sheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background There is no criterion on the length of the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UVATS) incision when performing lobectomy. We aimed to develop a nomogram to assist surgeons in designing incision length for different individuals.
Methods A cohort consisting of 290 patients were enrolled for nomogram development. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify candidate variables among perioperative characteristics. C-index and calibration curves were utilized for evaluating the performance of the nomogram. Short-term outcomes of nomogram-predicted high-risk patients were compared between long incision group and conventional incision group.
Results Of 290 patients, 150 cases (51.7%) were performed incision extension during the surgery. Age, tumor size, and tumor location were identified as candidate variables related with intraoperative incision extension and were incorporated into the nomogram. C-index of the nomogram was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.6961–0.8064), indicating the good predictive performance. Calibration curves presented good consistency between the nomogram prediction and actual observation. Of high-risk patients identified by the nomogram, the long incision group (n = 47) presented shorter duration of operation (p = 0.03), lower incidence of total complications (p = 0.01), and lower incidence of prolonged air leak (p = 0.03) compared with the conventional incision group (n = 55).
Conclusion We developed a novel nomogram for predicting the risk of intraoperative incision extension when performing uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. This model has the potential to assist clinicians in designing the incision length preoperatively to ensure both safety and minimal invasiveness.
Local gyrokinetic simulations of tokamaks with non-uniform magnetic shear
Authors: Ball Justin , Brunner Stephan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, we modify the standard flux tube simulation domain to include arbitrary ion gyroradius-scale variation in the radial profile of the safety factor. To determine how to appropriately include such a modification, we add a strong ion gyroradius-scale source (inspired by electron cyclotron current drive) to the Fokker–Planck equation, then perform a multi-scale analysis that distinguishes the fast electrons driven by the source from the slow bulk thermal electrons. This allows us to systematically derive the needed changes to the gyrokinetic model. We find new terms that adjust the ion and electron parallel streaming to be along the modified field lines. These terms have been successfully implemented in a gyrokinetic code (while retaining the typical Fourier representation), which enables flux tube studies of non-monotonic safety factor profiles and the associated profile shearing. As an illustrative example, we investigate tokamaks with positive versus negative triangularity plasma shaping and find that the importance of profile shearing is not significantly affected by the change in shape.
Two-dimensional electron temperature and density profiles of Hall thruster plume plasmas using tomographically reconstructed optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Dongho , Kim Jinwoo , Doh Guentae , Shin Changmin , Choe Wonho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional electron temperature and density profiles in the plume region of 300 W-class Hall thruster Ar plasmas were obtained using tomographically reconstructed optical emission intensity profiles combined with a collisional-radiative (CR) model. A total of 1242 lines of sight were used by rotating the thruster to apply inverse Radon transform-based tomographic reconstructions and Abel inversion. The reconstruction accuracy of the developed diagnostic system was evaluated using a priori images derived from plasma pictures, and the reconstruction error was less than 1% in the region of interest, exhibiting higher accuracy than the Abel inversion. From the Ar Hall thruster plasma, more than 12 different two-dimensional profiles of Ar I emission intensity within a spectral range of 600–1000 nm were obtained 6 mm from the exit plane of the thruster. A CR model using 31 allowed transitions at 15 different states from the ground state to the 2p
i
states was incorporated with the tomographically reconstructed emission intensity sets. Consequently, two-dimensional electron temperature and density profiles in the range of 5–18 eV and 2.0 × 1016–4.7 × 1017 m−3 were obtained, respectively, exhibiting reasonable agreement with the double Langmuir probe measurements.
Simultaneous red, green and blue laser operations in a Pr3+:LiYF4 crystal
Authors: Zhu Yifeng , Fu Xinhua , Yu Lintao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report on the first, to the best of our knowledge, simultaneous continuous-wave red, green and blue laser operations in praseodymium-doped crystalline materials. At an absorbed pump power of 4.7 W (or 10 W of incident pump power), the maximum output power was 665 mW, which included 607 nm (red), 523 nm (green) and 479 nm (blue) three wavelengths, and the optical conversion efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 14.1%.
Underwater hyperspectral imaging bioinspired by chromatic blur vision
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Zhao Jiarui , Liu Yunzhuo , Zhan Shuyue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the underwater environment, conventional hyperspectral imagers for imaging target scenes usually require stable carrying platforms for completing push sweep or complex optical components for beam splitting in long gaze imaging, which limits the system’s efficiency. In this paper, we put forward a novel underwater hyperspectral imaging (UHI) system inspired by the visual features of typical cephalopods. We designed a visual bionic lens which enlarged the chromatic blur effect to further ensure that the system obtained blur images with high discrimination of different bands. Then, chromatic blur datasets were collected underwater to complete network training for hyperspectral image reconstruction. Based on the trained model, our system only required three frames of chromatic blur images as input to effectively reconstruct spectral images of 30 bands in the working light range from 430 nm to 720 nm. The results showed that the proposed hyperspectral imaging system exhibited good spectral imaging potential. Moreover, compared with the traditional gaze imaging, when obtaining similar hyperspectral images, the data sampling rate in the proposed system was reduced by 90%, and the exposure time of required images was only about 2.1 ms, reduced by 99.98%, which can greatly expand its practical application range. This experimental study illustrates the potential of chromatic blur vision for UHI, which can provide rapid response in the recognition task of some underwater dynamic scenarios.
Expanding wildland-urban interface alters forest structure and landscape context in the northern United States
Authors: Sonti Nancy F , Riemann Rachel , Mockrin Miranda H , Domke Grant M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The wildland-urban interface (WUI), where housing intermingles with wildland vegetation, is the fastest-growing land use type in the United States. Given the ecological and social benefits of forest ecosystems, there is a growing need to more fully understand how such development alters the landscape context and structure of these WUI forests. In a space-for-time analysis we utilized land cover data, forest inventory plots, and housing density data over time to examine differences in forest characteristics of the northern US across three WUI change classes: (a) forest that has been in WUI housing density levels since at least 1990 (old-WUI), (b) forest where development crossed the WUI housing density threshold after 1990 (new-WUI), and (c) forest with little to no housing development (non-WUI). Of the 184 million acres of forest in the study area, 34 million acres (19%) were in old-WUI, 12 million acres (7%) were new-WUI, and 136 million acres (74%) were non-WUI. In general, as areas transitioned from non-WUI to newer WUI to older more established WUI, the forest was associated with decreased spatial integrity, increased forest-developed edges, and lower proportions of forest in the surrounding landscape. Forest in the WUI had greater carbon storage, with greater aboveground biomass, relative stand density, and more live trees per hectare than non-WUI forest, suggesting greater capacity to sequester carbon compared to non-WUI forest. At the same time, WUI forest also had significantly reduced structural diversity compared to non-WUI forest, with fewer saplings, seedlings, and dead trees per hectare. Forest that more recently crossed the WUI housing density threshold appeared to be on a trajectory towards that of old-WUI forest. These differences in forest structure across the northern US suggest reduced capacity for forest regeneration in the WUI and the potential for changes in other ecological functions.
Evidence for increasing global wheat yield potential
Authors: Guarin Jose Rafael , Martre Pierre , Ewert Frank , Webber Heidi , Dueri Sibylle , Calderini Daniel , Reynolds Matthew , Molero Gemma , Miralles Daniel , Garcia Guillermo , Slafer Gustavo , Giunta Francesco , Pequeno Diego N L , Stella Tommaso , Ahmed Mukhtar , Alderman Phillip D , Basso Bruno , Berger Andres G , Bindi Marco , Bracho-Mujica Gennady , Cammarano Davide , Chen Yi , Dumont Benjamin , Rezaei Ehsan Eyshi , Fereres Elias , Ferrise Roberto , Gaiser Thomas , Gao Yujing , Garcia-Vila Margarita , Gayler Sebastian , Hochman Zvi , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Hunt Leslie A , Kersebaum Kurt C , Nendel Claas , Olesen Jørgen E , Palosuo Taru , Priesack Eckart , Pullens Johannes W M , Rodríguez Alfredo , Rötter Reimund P , Ramos Margarita Ruiz , Semenov Mikhail A , Senapati Nimai , Siebert Stefan , Srivastava Amit Kumar , Stöckle Claudio , Supit Iwan , Tao Fulu , Thorburn Peter , Wang Enli , Weber Tobias Karl David , Xiao Liujun , Zhang Zhao , Zhao Chuang , Zhao Jin , Zhao Zhigan , Zhu Yan , Asseng Senthold 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wheat is the most widely grown food crop, with 761 Mt produced globally in 2020. To meet the expected grain demand by mid-century, wheat breeding strategies must continue to improve upon yield-advancing physiological traits, regardless of climate change impacts. Here, the best performing doubled haploid (DH) crosses with an increased canopy photosynthesis from wheat field experiments in the literature were extrapolated to the global scale with a multi-model ensemble of process-based wheat crop models to estimate global wheat production. The DH field experiments were also used to determine a quantitative relationship between wheat production and solar radiation to estimate genetic yield potential. The multi-model ensemble projected a global annual wheat production of 1050 ± 145 Mt due to the improved canopy photosynthesis, a 37% increase, without expanding cropping area. Achieving this genetic yield potential would meet the lower estimate of the projected grain demand in 2050, albeit with considerable challenges.
Local correlations in coupled cat maps with space-time duality
Authors: Fouxon Itzhak , Gutkin Boris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study quantum and classical correlations between local observables in perturbed coupled cat map model. In spite of fully chaotic dynamics, local correlations can be calculated explicitly due to the presence of spatiotemporal symmetry. This symmetry restricts correlations to the ‘light rays’ because the causality applies both in time and in space. We obtain detailed form of correlations of 2 and 3 sites’ observables demonstrating that exponential decay holds, generically. Furthermore, for unperturbed, pure linear, map, correlations between classical observables with a finite support exhibit superfast decay—the correlations disappear completely after a finite time.
Patterned random matrices: deviations from universality
Authors: Ali Md Sabir , Srivastava Shashi C L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the level spacing distribution for three ensembles of real symmetric matrices having additional structural constraint to reduce the number of independent entries to only

(
n
+
1
)

/

2

in contrast to the

n
(
n
+
1
)

/

2

for a real symmetric matrix of size n × n. We derive all the results analytically exactly for the

3
×
3

matrices and show that spacing distribution display a range of behaviour based on the structural constraint. The spacing distribution of the ensemble of reverse circulant matrices with additional zeros is found to fall slower than exponential for larger spacing while that of symmetric circulant matrices has poisson spacings. The palindromic symmetric Toeplitz matrices on the other hand show level repulsion but the distribution is significantly different from Wigner. The behaviour of spacings for all the three ensembles clearly show the departure from universal result of Wigner distribution for real symmetric matrices. The deviation from universality continues in large n cases as well, which we study numerically.
The transfer of entanglement negativity at the onset of interactions
Authors: Wen Robin Yunfei , Kempf Achim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Quantum information, in the form of entanglement with an ancilla, can be transmitted to a third system through interaction. Here, we investigate this process of entanglement transmission perturbatively in time. Using the entanglement monotone negativity, we determine how the proclivity of an interaction to either generate, transfer or lose entanglement depends on the choice of Hamiltonians and initial states. These three proclivities are captured by Hamiltonian- and state-dependent quantities that we call negativity susceptibility, negativity transmissibility and negativity vulnerability respectively. These notions could serve, for example, as cost functions in quantum technologies such as machine-learned quantum error correction.
High-resolution 3D printing of angle-ply annulus fibrosus scaffolds for intervertebral disc regeneration
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Huan , Yuan Zhangqin , Wei Qiang , Han Fengxuan , Chen Song , Xu Hao , Li Jiaying , Wang Jiayuan , Li Zexi , Chen Qixin , Fuh Jerry , Ding Lin , Wang Hui , Li Bin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the leading causes of disability, and current therapies are mainly unsatisfactory. The key pathological feature during IVD degeneration is the dysfunction of annulus fibrosus (AF). Although tissue-engineered AF has shown great promise for IVD regeneration, the design and fabrication of biomimetic AF scaffold remains a challenge due to the complexity of its structure. Nowadays, 3D printing technology has drawn great attention due to its customizable processes and ability to produce complex tissue architecture. However, few existing 3D printing methods can accurately replicate the fine angle-ply architecture of native AF, which is one of the most critical steps for IVD regeneration, due to the limited printing resolution. In this study, we aimed to fabricate high-resolution polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds using a newly developed electrohydrodynamic 3D printing technique. The structural advantages of such scaffolds were verified by finite element analysis (FEA). The PCL scaffolds were further assembled into AF construct to replicate the angle-ply architecture of AF. The optimal assembling method was confirmed by FEA and mechanical tests. The in vitro experiments showed that the 3D printed AF scaffolds presented favorable biocompatibility and supported the adhesion and growth of AF cells. The in vivo performance of tissue-engineered IVDs (TE-IVDs), which consisted of 3D printed AF scaffold and GelMA hydrogel that simulated nucleus pulposus (NP), were evaluated using a rat total disc replacement model. We found that the implantation of TE-IVDs helped maintain the disc height, reduced the loss of NP water content, and partially restored the biomechanical function of IVD. In addition, the TE-IVDs achieved well integration with adjacent tissues and promoted new tissue formation. In summary, being able to accurately simulate the structural characteristics of native AF, the 3D printed angle-ply AF scaffolds hold potential for future applications in IVD regeneration.
Efficient hepatic differentiation of hydrogel microsphere-encapsulated human pluripotent stem cells for engineering prevascularized liver tissue
Authors: Deng Shuai , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhu Yanlun , Tang Ning , Wang Rongliang , Zhang Xuerao , Qu Fuyang , Ho Yi-Ping , Lee Wayne Yuk-Wai , Chen Jiansu , Li Mingqiang , Tao Yu , Chan Hon Fai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Liver tissue engineering is promising as an alternative strategy to treat liver failure. However, generating functional hepatocytes from stem cells is conventionally restricted by the immature status of differentiated cells. Besides, embedding hepatocytes in bulk scaffold is limited by a lack of vascularity and low cell-packing density. Here, we fabricate collagen type I (COL1) microspheres for efficient hepatic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and subsequent assembly of prevascularized liver tissue (PLT). Using a microfluidic platform, we demonstrate that hydrogel COL1 microspheres (mCOL1) encapsulating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be reproducibly generated and efficiently differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) microspheres for the first time. Compared with other culture configurations such as encapsulation of hESC in a bulk COL1 hydrogel and 2D monolayer culture, mCOL1 with high uniformity produce HLC microspheres of improved maturity based on comprehensive analyses of cell morphology, transcriptome profile, hepatic marker expression and hepatic functions. In addition, these HLC microspheres can be applied as building blocks to self-assemble with endothelial cells to construct a dense PLT. The PLT resembles native liver tissue with high cell-packing density, shows successful engraftment in mice liver following implantation, and exhibits improved hepatic function in vivo. Overall, it is believed that this multiscale technology will advance the fabrication of stem cell-based liver tissue for regenerative medicine, drug screening, and in vitro liver modeling.
Size- and density-dependent acoustic differential bioassembly of spatially-defined heterocellular architecture
Authors: Gu Longjun , Jiang Shanqing , Xu Xiaodong , Wang Jibo , Xu Fang , Fan Han , Shang Jia , Liu Kan , Demirci Utkan , Chen Pu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Emerging acoustic bioassembly represents an attractive strategy to build cellular closely-packed organotypic constructs in a tunable manner for biofabrication. However, simultaneously assemble heterogeneous cell types into heterocellular functional units with spatially-defined cell arrangements, such as complementary and sandwich cytoarchitectures, remains a long-lasting challenge. To overcome this challenge, herein we present an acoustic differential bioassembly technique to assemble different cell types at the distinct positions of the acoustic field based on their inherent physical characteristics including cellular size and buoyant density. Specifically, different cell types can be differentially assembled beneath the nodal or the antinode regions of the Faraday wave to form complementary cytoarchitectures, or be selectively positioned at the center or edge area beneath either the nodal or the antinode regions to form sandwich cytoarchitectures. Using this technique, we assemble human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived liver spheroids and endothelial cells into hexagonal cytoarchitectures in vitro to mimic the cord and sinusoid structures in the hepatic lobules. This hepatic lobule model reconstitutes liver metabolic and synthetic functions, such as albumin secretion and urea production. Overall, the acoustic differential bioassembly technique facilitates the construction of human relevant in vitro organotypic models with spatially-defined heterocellular architectures, and can potentially find wide applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Effects of friction stir welding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA8090—T87 aluminium alloy
Authors: C Shyamlal , S Rajesh , Jappes J T Winowlin , Ravichandran M , S Syath Abuthakeer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
AA8090 aluminium lithium alloy which is employed in the fuselage of airplane and in the cryogenic fuel tank was successfully welded using friction stir welding technique. Nine set of experiments were conducted by employing 700 rpm, 900 rpm, and 1100 rpm rotation speed with varying traverse speeds of 30 mm min−1, 50 mm min−1, 70 mm min−1 to arrive at the best possible combination of inputs and obtain better joint efficiency. The macroscopic, microscopic and mechanical property analysis were performed to determine the effectiveness of the joint. Based on the results of the aforementioned studies, the best combination of input parameters such as rotational speed and traverse speed for the welded specimens were determined as 700 rpm and 30 mm min−1, 700 rpm and 70 mm min−1 respectively. Tensile strength of 700 rpm and 30 mm min−1, 700 rpm and 70 mm min−1 joints were found as 238.1 MPa and 222.56 MPa, micro hardness of the afore-mentioned joints were 107.3 VHN and 123.1 VHN and are subjected to microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy and electron back scattered diffraction techniques in stir zone and in heat affected zone. The above studies revealed the reason for the deviation in the grain size, increase in micro hardness, tensile strength owing to precipitate formation in the grains, and grain refinement in the weld zone.