bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Human-Centered Design Principles to Create a Decision Aid on Conservative Kidney Management for Advanced Kidney Disease
Authors: Wong Susan P.Y. , Oestreich Taryn , Chandler Bridgett , Curtis J. Randall 
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Human-centered design supported a systematic and collaborative approach to developing a decision aid on conservative kidney management.The current decision aid is designed to be used as an adjunct to currently available educational tools on treatments for advanced kidney disease.The decision aid will require ongoing iteration as more evidence for conservative kidney management emerges.

Background
Most patients are unaware of approaches to treating advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) other than dialysis.

Methods
We developed a dedicated decision aid on conservative kidney management using human-centered design principles in three phases: (1) discovery: engagement of informants to understand their needs and preferences; (2) design: multiple rapid cycles of ideation, prototyping, and testing of a decision aid with a small group of informants; and (3) implementation: testing the decision aid in real-world settings with attention to how the decision aid can be further refined. Informants included a national patient advisory committee on kidney diseases, 50 patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD and 35 of their family members, and 16 clinicians recruited from the greater Seattle area between June 2019 and September 2021.

Results
Findings from the discovery phase informed an initial prototype of the decision aid, which included five sections: a description of kidney disease and its signs and symptoms, an overview of conservative kidney management and the kinds of supports provided, self-reflection exercises to elicit patients’ values and goals, the pros and cons of conservative kidney management, and the option of changing one’s mind about conservative kidney management. The prototype underwent several rounds of iteration during its design phase, which resulted in the addition of an introductory section describing the intended audience and more detailed information in other sections. Findings from its implementation phase led to the addition of examples of common questions that patients and family members had about conservative kidney management and a final section on other related educational resources.

Conclusions
Human-centered design principles supported a systematic and collaborative approach between researchers, patients, family members, and clinicians for developing a decision aid on conservative kidney management.
Refractoriness of Hyperkalemia and Hyperphosphatemia in Dialysis-Dependent AKI Associated with COVID-19
Authors: Kanduri Swetha R. , Ramanand Akanksh , Varghese Vipin , Wen Yuang , Mohamed Muner M.B. , Velez Juan Carlos Q. 
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Refractory persistent hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia are more frequent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) AKI requiring RRT compared with the pre-COVID-19 era.Patients with CoV-AKI-RRT had elevated serum potassium and serum phosphate that correlated with lactate dehydrogenase levels.Intracellular ion release due to cytokine storm and RRT interruptions in CoV-AKI patients may account for elevated serum potassium and phosphate.

Background
Persistent hyperkalemia (hyperK) and hyperphosphatemia (hyperP) despite renal replacement therapy (RRT) was anecdotally reported in COVID-19 and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring RRT (CoV-AKI-RRT). However, observation bias could have accounted for the reports. Thus, we systematically examined the rate and severity of hyperK and hyperP in patients with CoV-AKI-RRT in comparison with the pre-COVID-19 era.

Methods
We identified patients with CoV-AKI-RRT treated with sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) for ≥2 days in March–April 2020. As pre-COVID-19 control, we included patients with AKI treated with SLED in December 2019. We examined the rates of hyperK (serum potassium [sK] ≥5.5 mEq/L), severe hyperK (sK ≥6.5 mEq/L), hyperP (serum phosphate [sP] ≥4.5 mg/dl), and moderate or severe hyperP (sP ≥7–10 and >10 mg/dl, respectively) as %SLED-days with an event.

Results
Along the duration of SLED, the incidence of hyperK was greater in CoV-AKI-RRT (n=64; mean 19%±2% versus 14%±3% SLED-days, P=0.002) compared with control (n=60). The proportion of patients with one or more event of severe hyperK was greater in CoV-AKI (33% versus 7%, P<0.001). The incidence of hyperP was similar between groups (mean 56%±4% versus 53%±5% SLED-days, P=0.49). However, the proportion of patients with one or more event of moderate and severe hyperP was greater in CoV-AKI-RRT (86% versus 60%, P=0.001, and 50% versus 18%, P<0.001, respectively). Among those with CoV-AKI-RRT, sK and sP correlated with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; r=0.31, P=0.04, and r=0.31, P=0.04, respectively), whereas hyperP also correlated with shorter SLED runs (hours/run; r=–0.27, P=0.05).

Conclusions
Refractory hyperK and hyperP were more frequent in CoV-AKI-RRT compared with the pre-COVID-19 era. Because of the correlation of sK and sP with higher LDH and sP with shorter SLED runs, intracellular ion release from cell injury due to cytokine storm and RRT interruptions may account for the findings.
Temporal Changes in Electrolytes, Acid-Base, QTc Duration, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound during Inpatient Hemodialysis Sessions
Authors: Ravi Katherine Scovner , Espersen Caroline , Curtis Katherine A. , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Jering Karola S. , Prasad Narayana G. , Platz Elke , Mc Causland Finnian R. 
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Serum chemistry levels, sonographic metrics of extra-vascular volume, and QTc durations are dynamic during HD.This research provides comprehensive data on the dynamic changes in physiology during the course of contemporary HD sessions.This research illustrates methods for performing point-of-care ultrasound which may enhance volume management for HD patients in the future.

Background
Of the more than 550,000 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in the United States, each has an average of 1.6 admissions annually (>880,000 inpatient HD sessions). Little is known about the temporal changes in laboratory values, ECGs, and intravascular and extravascular volume during inpatient HD sessions.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study of hospitalized HD patients, we assessed intradialytic laboratory values (metabolic panels, blood gases, ionized calcium levels), ECGs, and sonographic measures of volume status.

Results
Among 30 participants undergoing HD (mean age 62 years; 53% men, 43% Black) laboratory values had the largest changes in the first hour of HD. There was no significant change in ionized calcium levels pre- to post-HD (change: –0.01±0.07, P=0.24); 12 of 30 and 17 of 30 patients had levels below the lower reference limit at the beginning and end of HD, respectively. The mean pH increased pre- to post-HD (change: 0.06±0.04, P<0.001); 21 of 30 had a pH above the upper reference limit post-HD. There was a trend toward longer median QTc duration from pre- to post-HD (change: 7.5 msec [–5 msec, 19 msec], P=0.07). The sum of B lines on lung ultrasound decreased from pre- to post-HD (median decrease: 3 [1, 7], P<0.01). The collapsibility index of the inferior vena cava increased pre- to post-HD (median increase: 4.8% [1.5%, 13.4%], P=0.01), whereas internal jugular vein diameter did not change (P=0.24).

Conclusions
Among hospitalized patients undergoing HD, we found dynamic changes in laboratory values, QTc duration, and volume status. Further research is required to assess whether HD prescriptions can be tailored to alter these variations to potentially improve patient outcomes.
The Integration of Diabetic Eye Screening into Hemodialysis Units in Northern Ireland
Authors: Cushley Laura N. , Quinn Nicola B. , Blows Peter , McKeever Edward , Peto Tunde 
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Previous literature shows people with type 2 diabetes and CKD are more likely to have sight-threatening retinopathy.Our study shows that many people attending for dialysis often fail to attend their annual diabetic eye screening appointments.High levels of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy were found in people on dialysis, showing the importance of screening in these clinics.

Background
Diabetes is rising globally and is the most common cause of both end-stage renal disease and blindness. People on hemodialysis have to attend several dialysis appointments per week, which can affect their attendance at diabetic eye screening. In addition, previous literature suggests patients on hemodialysis are more likely to have sight-threatening diabetic eye disease. This study aims to determine attendance at the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland, diabetic retinopathy severity, and use of handheld retinal imaging in people with diabetes attending hemodialysis units in Northern Ireland.

Methods
All patients with diabetes attending hemodialysis clinics regionally were screened and graded by the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland using a handheld and/or conventional nonmydriatic fundus camera.

Results
All eligible people (N=149) were offered a Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland appointment, 132 attended, 34% of whom had not been seen in >3 years and 15% of whom had never attended the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland despite multiple previous appointments. Altogether, 13% required urgent referral to hospital eye services, which is significantly higher than the national average of 0.4%.

Conclusions
Those on hemodialysis are at high risk for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Implementing the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland in hemodialysis clinics enables timely diagnosis and referral.
AMERICAN SOCIAL CLASS DISSIMILARITY AS REFLECTED IN MICHAEL GRACEY’S MOVIE “THE GREATEST SHOWMAN”
Authors: Wahana Balqis Majesty , Johan Mhd 
Published: May 2022

This study aimed investigate about American social class dissimilarity as reflected in Michel Gracey’ movie entitled The Greatest Showman, to reveal the causes in social class dissimilarity in America , to describe the impacts of American Social Class to the main character and the society and to find solution to solve tis social problem as reflected in the film. The objectives of this research were looking the problems that found in Michael Gracey’ film entitled The Greatest Showman. The data were taken from the narration of this movie which are relevant to discussion of the study. The data were collected by watching the movie and reading the movie script in several times, selecting data, discussion from identifying date to report in paper to discribe the condition. The qualitative method used in this research by developing ideas and analyzing the data based on librarian research. The results of this analyzing are people underestimate others and the impact American social class in society of relationship.
THE USE OF CODE MIXING IN SUMITOMO COMPANY: SOCIOLINGUISTICS APPROACH
Authors: Haloho Nila Sari , Johan Mhd. Johan 
Published: May 2022

The goal of this study was to discover the different code mixing types and the reasons why the leader spoke code mixing during in the meeting with employees. On Monday, he presided over the meeting, which included some code mixing. In this research, the writer used a qualitative descriptive method. The data were taken by recording the utterance of the leader then observed the words that referred to code mixing and the reason of choosing to use code mixing. They are found three types of code mixing the first intra-sentential code mixing, the second intra- lexical form and the last is the pronunciation changing.
Kastamonu Turizm Çalışmalarının UNESCO Miras Listeleri ve Programlarına Hazırlık Sürecinde Kurumsallaşma ve Yerel Kalkınma Özelinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KURT Begüm 
Published: May 2022

Özet
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Kastamonu’nun UNESCO Miras Listeleri ve Programlarına hazırlık sürecini yerel kalkınma ve kurumsallaşma açısından değerlendirerek literatüre katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Örnek olay çalışmasından yararlanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Şehirlerin UNESCO Programları ve Miras Listeleri hazırlık süreçleri farklı aktörler arasında iş birliği geliştirmeyi ve iş birliği kültürü oluşturmayı teşvik eder.
Tartışma: Turizm pek çok ulusal ekonomi için gelir kaynağı yaratan önemli bir sektör, 2019 yılında 1,4 milyar dolar uluslararası turizm gelirleri ile istihdama katkı sunuyor (UNWTO, 2020). Etkisinin büyüklüğü destinasyonlar arasındaki rekabeti artırırken her bir destinasyon marka değerini artırmaya yönelik çalışmalara da hız veriyor. Bu değeri olumlu yönde etkileyen unsurlardan biri de destinasyonun belli standartlara sahip olduğunu gösteren uluslararası etiketler ya da bir diğer ifade ile marka değeri taşımalarıdır. Bu noktada, Türkiye’de de destinasyonlar uluslararası ağlara dahil olmak için önemli çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda, artan başvuru sayısı ile öne çıkan UNESCO Yaratıcı Şehirler Ağı, şehirlerin marka değerlerini artırmak için hazırlandıkları rekabetçi programlardan biridir. 7 yaratıcı tema üzerine kurulu programa, Kastamonu da gastronomi şehri olmak için çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kastamonu UNESCO Yaratıcı Şehirler Ağı hazırlık sürecinin kurumsallaşma ve yerel kalkınmaya etkileri değerlendirilecektir.
Efektivitas Penyelengaraan Program Pelatihan Kerja Di UPTD Balai Latihan Kerja Dinas Tenaga Kerja Dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Kusnadi Iwan Henri , Luki Natika , Faqihudin Firdaus 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih banyaknya masyarakat angkatan kerja di Kabupaten Subang yang menjadi pengangguran. Tuntutan dunia kerja akan tenaga terampil mendorong pencari kerja untuk mengikuti pendidikan dan pelatihan kerja non formal untuk menambah keterampilan dan keahlian mereka. Dalam hal ini pemerintah Kabupaten Subang berperan penting dalam menyediakan lembaga pelatihan kerja. Seiring dengan era otonomi daerah, Kabupaten Subang mendirikan Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Balai Latihan Kerja (UPTD BLK) yang berada di bawah pengawasan Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Subang. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan secara lengkap pelaksanaan pelatihan kerja di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Balai Latihan Kerja Kabupaten Subang dan Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tingkat efektivitas pelatihan kerja yang dilaksanakan beserta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya.
Kata kunci: Efektivitas, Pelatihan, Subang

Abstract
This research is motivated by the fact that there are still many people in the workforce in Subang Regency who have become a movement. The demands of the world of work to be skilled at encouraging job seekers to take part in non-formal education and work to increase their skills and expertise. In this case, the Subang Regency government plays an important role in providing job training institutions. Along with the era of regional autonomy, Subang Regency established a Technical Implementation Unit for the Office of Job Training Center (UPTD BLK) which is under the supervision of the Manpower and Transmigration Office of Subang Regency.The main purpose of this study is to describe in full the implementation of the training in the Technical Implementation Unit of the Subang Regency Job Training Center and in addition, this study also aims to determine the extent to which the effectiveness of the training is accompanied by supporting and inhibiting factors.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Training, Subang
Ode
Authors: Farmer Gareth 
Published: May 2022

A curious genre, the ode operates as both a celebration and lament: it celebrates and memorialises heroes (for Pindar, the prowess of athletes), but it also laments life’s transience, all the while hoping that art will secure immortality for its subjects and the humble poet. In her posthumously published collection, On the Periphery (1976), Forrest-Thomson – who died in 1975 at the young age of 27 – exhibited a late flourish of ode writing. Always prone to idolise and imitate a range of poets in order to produce a resonant tone of memorialisation, in many of her later poems, Forrest-Thomson renovates the elevated art of the ode, not just as a memorial and address to dead poets, but also as a celebration of their craft. For her, the ode was a mode of artifice-resurrection, with quotation, imitation and parody as so many ways of resuscitating sometimes long-dead craft. But the ode is not just an isolated literary genre, and this chapter suggests that Forrest-Thomson inaugurated a new form of ode, inspiring a burgeoning of politically-informed ode practices of present and future poets.
Hollowed Bodies: The Aural Skin of African Cinema
Authors: Dima Vlad 
Published: May 2022

Cinematic sound in African films often supplants the visual as the primary narrative tool, flipping over the usual conceptualization of the filmic narrative as image plus sound. Yet sound is not generally described as having a body, at least not in the material sense. This chapter engages with several contemporary francophone African films in order to show that indeed sound has a corporeal attribute, and that there is an active aural body that makes physical contact with the spectators. Ultimately, the clash between the visual and the aural body forces us to rethink the way in which neocolonial subjectivities are formed.
Listening Back to the Sounds of Algiers in Pépé le Moko (1937), Omar Gatlato (1976), and Viva Laldjérie (2003)
Authors: Boutaghou Maya 
Published: May 2022

In Pepe le Moko (1937), The Battle of Algiers (1966), Omar Gatlato (1977), and Viva Laldjérie (2004), an essential aspect of the city exists in a soundscape, which translates the extension of space that the viewer cannot reach. As any major capital, Algiers exists through its sounds, and this chapter traces the emergence of a specific narrative through “audio-vision” (Chion 2019), or the combination of images and sound. This chapter focuses on what the sounds say about the city, particularly how the narrative changes between 1937 and 2004. For instance, cinematographer Smaïl Lakhdar-Hamina (Omar Gatlato) and director Nadir Moknèche (Viva Laldjérie) underline a realistic approach to urban life through the recording of its natural sounds. By analyzing soundscapes using a semiotic approach, this chapter identifies forgotten realities. Sounds and silences make the reality of a place emotionally accessible. Films act as transcriptions and translations of the sonic reality of a place, its contradictions, its implicit or explicit violence, all of which are rendered to viewers through æsthetic forms. The chapter analyzes sounds as forms that shape the imaginary of a place and its volatile representations. It reaffirms Patrizia Lombardo’s assertion that music and sounds constitute ways of perceiving space (Memory & Imagination in Film: Scorsese, Lynch, Jarmusch, Van Sant, 2014). A city in a movie is a reconstitution that can be realistic or unrealistic, magnified or condensed: by focusing on sound, an “audio-vision” approach reveals the imaginary of the place, offering a new way of thinking its representation.
Pound’s Composition of Canto 16
Authors: Beall John 
Published: May 2022

John Beall’s essay treats Pound’s method in The Cantos, especially in Canto 16, as a result of his cross-genre work as an editor. As with his editing of Fenollosa’s posthumous texts, Pound famously edited two revolutionary modernist texts upon which he had a comparable impact, James Joyce’s Ulysses and T. S. Eliot’s Waste Land. In contrast to his extensive editing of these two works, Beall observes, “Pound’s revising of Canto 16 is a relatively unknown monument of modernist polyphony, a jagged and atonal blending of disparate voices.” Applying ideas from “genetic criticism” to Pound’s manuscripts of Canto 16, Beall finds evidence of Pound’s response to Joyce’s and Eliot’s seminal modernist texts, each distinguished by its technique of incorporating cross-cultural voices that led Pound to revise Canto 16 in similar fashion, as “he moved carefully from a monologue as an extension of the Hell Cantos 14 and 15 to a polyphony of multilingual voices.” Beall also compares the published text to the recording of Pound reading it at the Spoleto Poetry Festival in 1967, to reveal the Canto’s deadpan humor, as well as its cross-cultural polyphony in conveying the tragic dimensions of World War I.
Rainer Maria Gerhardt and Ezra Pound
Authors: Baumann Walter 
Published: May 2022

Walter Baumann investigates the life and work of the relatively obscure figure of Rainer Maria Gerhardt, who was instrumental in translating and promoting Pound in Germany after World War II. Baumann recalls how, when he himself was first studying Pound, he discovered in Clark Emery’s Ideas into Action (1958), an extended quotation from Gerhardt’s 1952 German radio broadcast on The Pisan Cantos, a reference that inspired Baumann to search for this little-known source. It turns out the broadcast was by a German student of poetry who had committed suicide in 1954. Baumann investigates the extent of Gerhardt’s efforts to bring Pound’s work to German-speaking readers: “How Gerhardt managed to make contact with poets and academics specializing in poetry, ‘from under the rubble heap’ (Canto 90/626) that was Germany well into the 1950s, is a miracle,” Baumann writes, “most of all his obtaining the German translation rights to the works of Ezra Pound.” Baumann also tracks Gerhardt’s correspondence with Charles Olson, especially his letters commenting on Olson’s manifesto, “Projective Verse,” as well as Olson’s poem for Gerhardt. This essay demonstrates Pound’s cross-cultural impact on mid-century poetry, through both Gerhardt’s translations and his deeply personal reaction to Pound’s vision.
Precise Dynamical Masses of ε Indi Ba and Bb: Evidence of Slowed Cooling at the L/T Transition
Authors: Chen Minghan , Li Yiting , Brandt Timothy D. , Dupuy Trent J. , Cardoso Cátia V. , McCaughrean Mark J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report individual dynamical masses of 66.92 ± 0.36 M
Jup and 53.25 ± 0.29 M
Jup for the binary brown dwarfs ε Indi Ba and Bb, measured from long-term (≈10 yr) relative orbit monitoring and absolute astrometry monitoring data on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Relative astrometry with NACO fully constrains the Keplerian orbit of the binary pair, while absolute astrometry with FORS2 measures the system’s parallax and mass ratio. We find a parallax consistent with the Hipparcos and Gaia values for ε Indi A, and a mass ratio for ε Indi Ba to Bb precise to better than 0.2%. ε Indi Ba and Bb have spectral types T1-1.5 and T6, respectively. With an age of

3.5

−
1.0

+
0.8

Gyr from ε Indi A’s activity, these brown dwarfs provide some of the most precise benchmarks for substellar cooling models. Assuming coevality, the very different luminosities of the two brown dwarfs and our moderate mass ratio imply a steep mass–luminosity relationship (

L
∝

M

5.37
±
0.08

) that can be explained by a slowed cooling rate in the L/T transition, as previously observed for other L/T binaries. Finally, we present a periodogram analysis of the near-infrared photometric data, but find no definitive evidence of periodic signals with a coherent phase.