bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Hubbard-type Coulomb blockade effect of metallic wires embedded in an insulator
Authors: Yang Xing , Gu Zhao-Long , Wang Huimin , Xian Jing-Jing , Meng Sheng , Nagaosa Naoto , Zhang Wen-Hao , Liu Hai-Wen , Ling Zi-Heng , Fan Kai , Zhang Zhi-Mo , Qin Le , Zhang Zhi-Hao , Liang Yan , Li Jian-Xin , Fu Ying-Shuang 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTCorrelated states have emerged in low-dimensional systems owing to enhanced Coulomb interactions. Elucidating these states requires atomic-scale characterization and delicate control capabilities. Herein, spectroscopic imaging-scanning tunneling microscopy was employed to investigate the correlated states residing in 1D electrons of the monolayer and bilayer MoSe2 mirror twin boundary (MTB). The Coulomb energies, determined by the wire length, drive the MTB into two types of ground states with distinct respective out-of-phase and in-phase charge orders. The two ground states can be reversibly converted through a metastable zero-energy state with in situ voltage pulses, which tune the electron filling of the MTB via a polaronic process, substantiated by first-principles calculations. Our Hubbard model calculation with an exact diagonalization method reveals the ground states as correlated insulators from an on-site U-originated Coulomb interaction, dubbed the Hubbard-type Coulomb blockade effect. Our study lays a foundation for understanding and tailoring correlated physics in complex systems.
Relative Risks of COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes by Age and Race/Ethnicity—March 2020–March 2021
Authors: Bozio Catherine H , Butterfield Kristen , Irving Stephanie A , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Ong Toan C , Zheng Kai , Ball Sarah W , Naleway Allison L , Barron Michelle , Reed Carrie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Limited data exist on population-based risks and risk ratios (RRs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes stratified by age and race/ethnicity.

Methods
Using data from electronic health records and claims from 4 US health systems for the period March 2020–March 2021, we calculated risk and RR by age and race/ethnicity for COVID-19–associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes among adults (≥18 years). COVID-19–associated hospitalizations were defined based on COVID-19 discharge codes or a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 result. Proportions of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions were estimated among hospitalized patients with select underlying conditions, stratified by age and race/ethnicity.

Results
Among 2.6 million adults included in the patient cohort, 6879 had COVID-19–associated hospitalizations during March 2020–March 2021 (risk: 264 per 100 000 population). Compared with younger, non-Hispanic White adults, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults aged ≥65 years had the highest hospitalization risk ratios (RR, 8.6; 95% CI, 7.6–9.9; and RR, 9.3; 95% CI, 8.5–10.3, respectively). Among hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and renal disease or cardiovascular disease, the highest proportion of acute renal failure (55.5%) or congestive heart failure (43.9%) occurred in older, non-Hispanic Black patients. Among hospitalized adults with chronic lung disease or asthma, the highest proportion of respiratory failure (62.9%) or asthma exacerbation (66.7%) occurred in older, Hispanic patients.

Conclusions
During the first year of the US COVID-19 pandemic in this cohort, older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults had the highest relative risks of COVID-19–associated hospitalization and adverse outcomes and, among those with select underlying conditions, the highest occurrences of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions.
Low-Dose Linezolid for Treatment of Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Mase Anjeli , Lowenthal Phil , True Lisa , Henry Leslie , Barry Pennan , Flood Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Linezolid has been prioritized for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), but toxicity limits its use. We report treatment outcomes for MDR TB patients in California who received standard-dose linezolid vs those who switched to low-dose.

Methods
We include culture-positive MDR TB cases treated with linezolid and receiving California MDR TB Service consultation during 2009–2016. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data are analyzed using univariate analysis to compare patients who received linezolid of different dosing strategies. Analysis end points are linezolid treatment duration (measure of tolerability), treatment success (completion or cure), and adverse events (AEs).

Results
Sixty-nine of 194 (36%) MDR TB patients met inclusion criteria. While all patients began linezolid treatment at 600 mg daily, 39 (57%) continued at this dosage (standard-dose), and 30 (43%) switched to 300 mg daily (29%) or intermittent dosing (14%) (low dose). Patients on standard-dose linezolid were treated for 240 days, compared with 535 for those on low-dose (P &lt; .0001). Sixty-three patients (91%) achieved treatment success, 2 (2.9%) died, 1 (1.5%) failed treatment, 1 (1.5%) stopped treatment due to side effects, and 2 (2.9%) were lost or moved. Treatment success was higher (P = .03) in the low-dose group. Sixty-two patients experienced ≥1 hematologic (71%) or neurologic (65%) AE. Those on low-dose linezolid experienced significantly (P = .03) fewer AEs per linezolid-month after switching (0.32 vs 0.10).

Conclusions
Patients who switched to low dose tolerated linezolid longer with better treatment outcomes and fewer recurring AEs.
At-home Testing and Risk Factors for Acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Major US Metropolitan Area
Authors: Woolley Ann E , Dryden-Peterson Scott , Kim Andy , Naz-McLean Sarah , Kelly Christina , Laibinis Hannah H , Bagnall Josephine , Livny Jonathan , Ma Peijun , Orzechowski Marek , Gomez James , Shoresh Noam , Gabriel Stacey , Hung Deborah T , Cosimi Lisa A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Unbiased assessment of the risks associated with acquisition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to informing mitigation efforts during pandemics. The objective of our study was to understand the risk factors for acquiring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a large prospective cohort of adult residents in a large US metropolitan area.

Methods
We designed a fully remote longitudinal cohort study involving monthly at-home SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology self-testing and monthly surveys.

Results
Between October 2020 and January 2021, we enrolled 10 289 adults reflective of the Boston metropolitan area census data. At study entry, 567 (5.5%) participants had evidence of current or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This increased to 13.4% by June 15, 2021. Compared with Whites, Black non-Hispanic participants had a 2.2-fold greater risk of acquiring COVID-19 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.19; 95% CI, 1.91–2.50; P &lt; .001), and Hispanics had a 1.5-fold greater risk (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.32–1.71; P &lt; .016). Individuals aged 18–29, those who worked outside the home, and those living with other adults and children were at an increased risk. Individuals in the second and third lowest disadvantaged neighborhood communities were associated with an increased risk of acquiring COVID-19. Individuals with medical risk factors for severe disease were at a decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status are the biggest determinants of acquisition of infection. This disparity is significantly underestimated if based on PCR data alone, as noted by the discrepancy in serology vs PCR detection for non-White participants, and points to persistent disparity in access to testing. Medical conditions and advanced age, which increase the risk for severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease, were associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 acquisition, suggesting the importance of behavior modifications. These findings highlight the need for mitigation programs that overcome challenges of structural racism in current and future pandemics.
Morbidity and Functional Outcomes Following Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Hospitalization—Arizona, 2002–2017
Authors: Drexler Naomi A , Close Ryan , Yaglom Hayley D , Traeger Marc , Parker Kristen , Venkat Heather , Villarroel Lisa , Brislan Jeanette , Pastula Daniel M , Armstrong Paige A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a deadly tickborne disease disproportionately affecting Arizona tribal communities. While the acute clinical effects of RMSF are well-documented, more complete understanding of the long-term health consequences is needed to provide guidance for providers and patients in highly impacted areas.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of hospitalized RMSF cases from 2 tribal communities in Arizona during 2002–2017. Medical records from acute illness were abstracted for information on clinical presentation, treatment, and status at discharge. Surviving patients were interviewed about disease recovery, and patients reporting incomplete recovery were eligible for a neurologic examination.

Results
Eighty hospitalized cases of RMSF met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Of these, 17 (21%) resulted in a fatal outcome. Among surviving cases who were interviewed, most (62%) reported full recovery, 15 (38%) reported ongoing symptoms or reduced function following RMSF illness, and 9 (23%) had evidence of neurologic sequelae at the time of examination. Sequelae included impaired cognition, weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, seizures, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Longer hospitalization (25.5 days vs 6.2 days, P &lt; .001), a higher degree of disability at discharge (median modified Rankin score 1 vs 0, P = .03), and delayed doxycycline administration (6.2 days vs 4.1 days, P = .12) were associated with long-term sequelae by logistic regression.

Conclusions
Although the etiology of sequelae is not able to be determined using this study design, life-altering sequelae were common among patients surviving severe RMSF illness. Delayed administration of the antibiotic doxycycline after day 5 was the strongest predictor of morbidity.
Misdiagnoses in the Context of Suspected Pandemic Influenza or Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bray Lucy , Meznikova Katerina , James Daniel , Rislan Razan , Shah Rahul , Mason Pavan , Staniland Tim , Lillie Patrick , Barlow Gavin , Easom Nicholas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere have been numerous reports of patients initially misdiagnosed in the 2009 H1N1 influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics within the literature. A systematic review was undertaken to collate misdiagnoses during the H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics and identify which cognitive biases may contribute to this. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and MedRxiv databases were searched for misdiagnoses or cognitive biases resulting in misdiagnosis, occurring during the H1N1 or COVID-19 virus pandemics. Eligible studies were assessed for quality using JBI criteria; primary outcome was the final diagnosis. Sixty-nine studies involving 2551 participants were included. We identified 686 cases of misdiagnosis, categorized as viral respiratory infection, other respiratory infection, non-respiratory infection, and non-infective. Misdiagnoses are listed and relevant investigations are offered. No article described prospective assessment of decision making in the pandemic setting or debiasing diagnostic thinking. Further research is required to understand why misdiagnoses occur and harm arises and how clinicians can be assisted in their decision making in a pandemic context.
Bull selection and management in extensive rangeland production systems of California: a producer survey
Authors: Banwarth Megan R , DeAtley Kasey L , Gifford Craig A , Schohr Tracy K , McFarlane Zachary D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
California’s approximately 660,000 head of beef cattle are highly dependent on range bulls used to produce offspring that can perform across the state’s diverse ecological regions. Bulls need to be functional on rugged coastal landscapes, rolling foothills, deserts, and in high-elevation terrain. Few data exist that indicate factors related to selection, maintenance, and longevity of bulls used in rangeland landscapes. Objectives herein, were to assess factors influencing bull purchasing, management, and culling decisions of California beef producers. Surveys were mailed to the California Cattlemen’s Association membership (N = 1,410) with ~ 16% response rate (N = 227). Mean age and years of bull selection experience of respondents was 61 ± 1 yr and 27 ± 1 yr, respectively. Respondents managed cattle on a total of 694,949 hectare of owned, private leased, and leased public rangelands in California and surrounding states. Cow–calf herd size was 333 ± 92 head and bull battery averaged 18 ± 2 head with average bull longevity of 5 ± 1.3 yr. The average price paid for bulls in the last 2 yr was $5007 ± 163.33, while the highest price paid in the last 5 yr was $7291 ± 335.40. Survey responses were used to define current factors driving management after purchase and for subsequent breeding seasons. After bull purchase, 48% of producers turned bulls out directly with females, while 52% held bulls until the following breeding season. Additionally, most producers (70%) did not manage bulls to reduce condition after purchase. Semen quality analysis, a major component of a breeding soundness exam, was evaluated annually by 45% of respondents, while 20% of respondents never evaluated semen quality. Respondents indicated bull age (35%) and structural soundness (29%) as the most common factors for culling bulls. This research shows that despite the variability in operation demographics, there were similarities in beef bull selection and management across the state. Additionally, these data suggest the need for additional research focused on bull selection and management to maximize producer investment in reproduction.
Gene dosage changes in KCTD13 result in penile and testicular anomalies via diminished androgen receptor function
Authors: Seth Abhishek , Rivera Armando , Chahdi Ahmed , Choi In‐Seon , Medina‐Martinez Olga , Lewis Shaye , O'Neill Marisol , Ridgeway Alex , Moore Joshua , Jorgez Carolina , Lamb Dolores J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism, the genetic basis for these conditions is only beginning to be understood. Using array‐comparative‐genomic‐hybridization (aCGH), potassium‐channel‐tetramerization‐domain‐containing‐13 (KCTD13) encoded at 16p11.2 was identified as a candidate gene involved in hypospadias, cryptorchidism and other genitourinary (GU) tract anomalies. Copy number variants (CNVs) at 16p11.2 are among the most common syndromic genomic variants identified to date. Many patients with CNVs at this locus exhibit GU and/or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. KCTD13 encodes a substrate‐specific adapter of a BCR (BTB–CUL3–RBX1) E3–ubiquitin–protein–ligase complex (BCR (BTB–CUL3–RBX1) E3–ubiquitin–protein–ligase complex (B‐cell receptor (BCR) [BTB (the BTB domain is a conserved motif involved in protein‐protein interactions) Cullin3 complex RING protein Rbx1] E3‐ubiqutin‐protein‐ligase complex), which has essential roles in the regulation of cellular cytoskeleton, migration, proliferation, and neurodevelopment; yet its role in GU development is unknown. The prevalence of KCTD13 CNVs in patients with GU anomalies (2.58%) is significantly elevated when compared with patients without GU anomalies or in the general population (0.10%). KCTD13 is robustly expressed in the developing GU tract. Loss of KCTD13 in cell lines results in significantly decreased levels of nuclear androgen receptor (AR), suggesting that loss of KCTD13 affects AR sub‐cellular localization. Kctd13 haploinsufficiency and homozygous deletion in mice cause a significant increase in the incidence of cryptorchidism and micropenis. KCTD13‐deficient mice exhibit testicular and penile abnormalities together with significantly reduced levels of nuclear AR and SOX9. In conclusion, gene‐dosage changes of murine Kctd13 diminish nuclear AR sub‐cellular localization, as well as decrease SOX9 expression levels which likely contribute in part to the abnormal GU tract development in Kctd13 mouse models and in patients with CNVs in KCTD13.
Genetic deletion of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 in collecting duct principal cells causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Petrillo Federica , Chernyakov Dmitry , Esteva‐Font Cristina , Poulsen Søren B. , Edemir Bayram , Fenton Robert A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWater homeostasis is tightly regulated by the kidneys via the process of urine concentration. During reduced water intake, the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) binds to the vasopressin receptor type II (V2R) in the kidney to enhance countercurrent multiplication and medullary osmolality, and increase water reabsorption via aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) water channels. The importance of this AVP, V2R, and AQP2 axis is highlighted by low urine osmolality and polyuria in people with various water balance disorders, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). ELF5 and nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) are two transcription factors proposed to regulate Aqp2 expression, but their role is poorly defined. Here we generated two novel mouse lines with principal cell (PC)‐specific deletion of ELF5 or NFAT5 and phenotyped them in respect to renal water handling. ELF5‐deficient mice (ELF5PC‐KO) had a very mild phenotype, with no clear differences in AQP2 abundance, and mild differences in renal water handling and maximal urinary concentrating capacity. In contrast, NFAT5 (NFAT5PC‐KO) mice had significantly higher water intake and their 24 h urine volume was almost 10‐fold greater than controls. After challenging with dDAVP or 8 h water restriction, NFAT5PC‐KO mice were unable to concentrate their urine, demonstrating that they suffer from NDI. The abundance of AQP2, other AQPs, and the urea transporter UT‐A1 were greatly decreased in NFAT5PC‐KO mice. In conclusion, NFAT5 is a major regulator of not only Aqp2 gene transcription, but also other genes important for water homeostasis and its absence leads to the development of NDI.
Relationships Between Abdominal Pain, Mental Health, and Functional Disability in Youth With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Feldman Estée C. H. , Lampert-Okin Sara L. , Greenley Rachel N. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
Abdominal pain can be a debilitating symptom for youth with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Across various pediatric conditions, pain predicts adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Understanding mechanisms by which pain impacts outcomes is of critical importance to enhance the well-being of those with IBDs. Pain catastrophizing mediates the aforementioned relationships in other pediatric populations, but little research has examined its role in pediatric IBDs. Attention to the role of pain catastrophizing as a potential mediator in pediatric IBD is the important given unique elements of the pain experience for this population. This study aimed to examine pain catastrophizing as a potential mediator of the relationship between abdominal pain and adverse outcomes in youth with IBDs.

Methods:
Seventy six youth (ages 11 to 18; M [SD] age=14.71 [1.80]) with IBD completed the Abdominal Pain Index (T1), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (T2, week 12), Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (T3, week 20), and Functional Disability Inventory (T3, week 20).

Results:
Catastrophizing mediated the relationship between abdominal pain and both anxiety symptoms (b=1.61, Bias-Corrected Accelerated [BCa] CI, 0.25, 4.62) and functional disability (b=0.77, BCa CI, 0.15, 2.38). A direct effect of abdominal pain on low mood was also noted (b=1.17, BCa CI, 0.03, 2.50). Post hoc analyses examining mediation via catastrophizing subscales indicated that while magnification and rumination functioned as mediators, helplessness did not.

Discussion:
Findings are consistent with fear avoidance models and suggest that interventions directed at pain catastrophizing may be worthwhile in pediatric IBD populations, given catastrophizing-mediated relationships between pain and mental and physical health outcomes.
Direct Costs Attributable to Hearing Loss in China: Based on an Econometric Model
Authors: Ye Xin , He Ping 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
To our knowledge, hearing loss has been proved by a few studies from developed countries to bring a high economic burden of disease, but there is no relevant cost estimate in China. The purpose of our study was to measure the direct costs attributable to hearing loss among middle-aged and older people aged 45 and above in China in 2011, 2013, and 2015.

Design:
On the basis of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and the China Statistical Yearbook, an econometric model was used to obtain the hearing-attributable fraction, and then the direct costs attributable to hearing loss of middle-aged and older people aged 45 and above in China in 2011, 2013, and 2015 were calculated.

Results:
In 2011, 2013, and 2015, the direct costs attributable to hearing loss of middle-aged and older people aged 45 and above in China were $50.699 billion, $81.783 billion, and $106.777 billion, accounting for 3.43, 4.54, and 5.54% of the overall healthcare costs in the same year, respectively. Among the direct costs attributable to hearing loss, direct outpatient costs accounted for 75.75 to 81.13%, and direct inpatient costs accounted for 18.87 to 24.25%.

Conclusions:
The direct costs attributable to hearing loss for Chinese adults aged 45 and above have placed a heavy burden on Chinese society. The government should give priority and take effective measures to the prevention and treatment of hearing loss.
Sildenafil Improves Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in a Rat Model of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Kang Lili , Liu Xianghong , Li Zilong , Li XiaoMei , Han Yujie , Liu Chen , Zhao Cuifen , Li Xiaoying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling mainly because of apoptosis resistance and excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. Some reports have shown that sildenafil exerts protective effects against PPHN. However, the function of sildenafil in PPHN and the underlying molecular mechanisms is not clear. Here, we revealed that sildenafil effectively suppressed hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and apoptosis inhibition (P < 0.05). Also, sildenafil obviously reduced ventricular hypertrophy, and inhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling in the PPHN model (P < 0.05). Moreover, sildenafil treatment significantly attenuated the induction of Notch3 and Hes1 induced by hypoxia treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of Notch3 abolished the reduction of PASMC proliferation and promotion of PASMC apoptosis induced by sildenafil under hypoxia (P < 0.05), whereas knockdown of Notch3 had an opposite effect (P < 0.05). Together, our study demonstrates that sildenafil shows a potential benefit against the development of PPHN by inhibiting Notch3 signaling, providing a strategy for treating PPHN in the future.