bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design-Based Safety
Authors: MacCollum David 
Published: May 2022

In 1726, Jonathan Swift wrote a novel about Gulliver’s Travels. The story of Gulliver’s first voyage describes the goals and mindset of the Lilliputians as they attempted to tie down and restrict technical advances known to larger and superior individuals. The story is a satire about how the real world’s progress is hampered by mental lightweights who object to better ways of doing things.
Specialists in design-based system safety are vulnerable to “Lilliputians” who are out of touch with technology and engage a biased media in attempting to stop the use of reliable design-based safety.
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev 
Published: May 2022

A new technology, three-dimensional (3D) printing, has the potential to change the medical world. Objects are made by fusing or depositing materials, such as plastic, metal, powders, liquids or living cells, in layers to produce a 3D object. This technology started in manufacturing and was used to create spare parts for airplanes, eliminating the need for constructing manufacturing prototypes and producing new components within hours instead of weeks.
The application of this technology in healthcare is growing. It is now used in the creation of customized prosthetics, implants and anatomical models. Its usage is expanding rapidly in other areas of healthcare, including pharmaceutical research regarding drug dosage forms, delivery and discovery.
Payment of Medical Invoices by Inpatients at the Mangobo General Referral Hospital in Kisangani (DR Congo) from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Colette Bwanandeke Tshite , Raymond Assani Ramazani 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The study looked at the problem of payment of healthcare bills by hospital patients. It was conducted at the Mangobo General Referral Hospital in Kisangani (DR Congo) during the period from 2016 to 2020. It aimed to identify the proportion of medical bills paid and not paid by inpatients.
Methodology: This study was carried out using an inductive method based on documentary analysis. We used the general trend technique, which concerned all the medical bills paid and not paid by patients hospitalised at the Mangobo General Referral Hospital.
Results: The total amounts of paid and unpaid medical care bills were respectively US$15, 250,500.92 and US$17,200.00 with a proportion of 99.89% for the former, against 0.11% for the latter. All the amounts of the paid and unpaid health care bills had an upward trend. The study provides hospital managers with an overview of the inpatient bill recovery mechanism. It also constitutes a plea to the political and health authorities to make health care accessible to the population.
Assessment of Hazardous Waste Management in Oil Drilling Fields in Turkana
Authors: Avy Nyateng Otieno , Wanjala Cornelius , Njuru Peter 
Published: May 2022

The assessment of hazardous waste management at the oil drilling fields of Lokichar basin, Turkana County has been analysed. The area is known as Block 10BB and 13T of the oil exploration in Kenya. The study examined the types of waste generated by the activities in the study area and characterized the waste into different streams and classes. The classes of waste examined were primarily hazardous waste or non-hazardous waste contaminated with hazardous materials. Kenya’s National Environment Management Authority’s(NEMA) Waste Management Act of parliament, 2006 was used to classify waste into different streams, and also as a yardstick against which the compliance level of the waste management strategies in the oil fields were gauged.
Primary data was obtained using questionnaires and schedules as the main tools. These were administered on the environmental department of the oil drilling company, which was the key respondent in this study. The approach used in this research is majorly a case study. One questionnaire and direct interviews were administered on the environmental monitor of the oil drilling company.
The hazardous waste contained hydrocarbons and other oily substances. Chemical wastes were also seen in the waste generated from the drilling muds. These were classified as directly-generated waste. Some of the waste, especially timber and plastics were generated as a result of transportation of cargo that contaminated the packaging. These were classified as indirectly-generated waste.
Usability Evaluation of an Unpopular Restaurant Recommender Web Application Zomato
Authors: Reddy Hima Bindu Sadashiva , Reddy Roopesh Reddy Sadashiva , Jonnalagadda Ratnaditya , Singh Pallavi , Gogineni Avinash 
Published: May 2022

Usability evaluation clarifies the user’s comfortability, satisfaction, and experience with a product. The success of the product is solely dependent on the usability factor. Web applications are excellent channels to communicate between the customers and the suppliers, for satisfying users' needs. Particularly usability evaluation of web applications plays an important role in observing the design, content, and navigation of a website. These observations help to improve the design of a web application. A proper design and content management of a web application acts as a gateway to attract more customers to use their application. Customer satisfaction would also help increase business for that particular company. The restaurant recommender web application acts as a medium for customers and restaurants. These applications help the food industry to attract customers. If the mode of communication is not effective, restaurants fail to promote their food business to the customers. Previous research studies focused on business models, restaurant reviews, and offers provided by restaurant recommenders, instead of usability evaluation. The goal of this research study is to test the efficiency and effectiveness of zomato.com through usability evaluation. The importance of this research study is to help both Zomato and other applications to increase their popularity. The methodology used was both think aloud and observations. The results were satisfactory and informative. The average time taken for website navigation tasks was 20.5 minutes. 100% satisfaction with restaurant reviews. 33% satisfaction for restaurant search and location information. 33% were not willing to re-use the Zomato website. These results convey that user satisfaction plays a major role in users returning to a website. This could be one reason for less web usage traffic in Zomato, hence leading to unpopularity. Recommendations and future research were also discussed.
Contribution to the Knowledge of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda) and Their Spatial Distribution in the Malebo Pool (Congo River), R.D Congo
Authors: Eume Therese Lokwa , Willy Lusasi Swana , Camille Nsimanda Ipey , Pascal Isumbisho Mwapu , Victor Pwema Kiamfu 
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective: Crustaceans play a considerable role in the ecological process of aquatic ecosystems, acting at different trophic levels as herbivores, detritivores, predators and prey and constitute an important source of animal protein for humans and livestock. This study investigated the diversity of shrimp from the left bank of the Malebo Pool in the Congo River.
Study Area: Five sampling campaigns were organized from July 2020 to August 2021 in six sites (Ngamanzo 1, Ngamanzo 2, Kinkole 1, Kinkole 2, Kinsuka 1 and Kinsuka 2) in the Malebo Pool, the terminal part of the middle Congo River.
Methods: Shrimp samples were collected using dip nets and creels during the experimental fisheries. Physical parameters were measured monthly in situ at six sites. Chemical parameters were assessed using an ultraviolet atomic spectrophotometer. Systematic identification of shrimp was done using appropriate systematic identification keys. The structure of the shrimp populations was studied using several ecological indices.
Results: A total of 1422 shrimp specimens were sampled. These individuals belonged to three different species (Caridina africana Macrobrachium dux and Macrobrachium sollaudii), two genera (Caridina and Macrobrachium) and two families (Atyidae and Palaemonidae). Shanon and Weaver's diversity index values ranged from 0 to 1.3 indicating that the shrimp fauna is not diverse in Malebo Pool. These species are better represented at Ngamanzo 1, Ngamanzo 2 and Kinkole 2. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that environmental variables such as dissolved oxygen level, conductivity, water temperature, transparency, water flow velocity, plant debris, aquatic plants and canopy strongly influence taxonomic diversity across sites.
Conclusion: The results obtained showed that the shrimp fauna is rich and diversified in the studied part of the Malebo Pool in the Congo River and, these organisms are essential in maintaining the ecological balance in this aquatic ecosystem.
Dynamic Cryptography through Plasmon‐Enhanced Fluorescence Blinking
Authors: Lu Yongfeng , Cheng Hongrui , Li Guang‐Can , Han Fei , Jiang Cheng , Lo Tsz Wing , Lei Dangyuan , Francis Paul S. , Zheng Yuanhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMerging cryptographic primitive technologies and physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have become a new paradigm of one‐way encryption. Herein, the authors report a dynamic PUF cryptographic primitive based on plasmonic fluorescence blinking from single or a few dye molecules embedded within the nanogaps of plasmonic patch nanoantennas. This cryptographic primitive carries two sets of high‐capacity optical codes: the fluorescence blinking of the embedded dye molecules and multi‐color light scattering enabled by the plasmonic nanoantennas. The former allows the generation of temporal binary codes from a large number of individual plasmonic patch nanoantennas by holding either “1” (bright state) or “0” (dark state), while the latter provides a permanent color‐based novenary code that acts as a decryption channel for authentication. Benefiting from the high electromagnetic field localized within the nanogaps and the large Purcell enhancement of the plasmonic nanoantennas, the fluorescence blinking is readily detectable by a common fluorescence microscope with a mercury arc lamp as a low‐power excitation source. The developed dynamic PUF codes are robustly and accurately authenticated by a self‐programmed computer vision algorithm. This study revolutionizes the conventional static PUF encryption to nanophotonics‐based dynamic encryption, opening a new avenue for next‐generation advanced anti‐counterfeiting.
Synergistic Effect between NiOx and P3HT Enabling Efficient and Stable Hole Transport Pathways for Regular Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Cao Fang , Cheng Fangwen , Huang Xiaofeng , Dai Xinfeng , Tang Ziheng , Nie Siqing , Yin Jun , Li Jing , Zheng Nanfeng , Wu Binghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs an inorganic hole transport material (HTM), nickel oxide (NiOx) is widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its low cost and intrinsic stability. However, on account of its poor film formation on perovskite, the low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of regular NiOx‐based PSCs is a main obstacle for commercialization. Here, a solution‐processed inorganic/organic hybrid hole transporting system is developed to resolve this issue, thereby improving the PCE from 16.0% to 21.2%. Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is studied as the typical case, revealing that the performance improvement mainly lies in the synergistic interaction between NiOx and P3HT: 1) the introduction of P3HT improves assembly regularity and film uniformity of NiOx; 2) electron redistribution between P3HT and NiOx increases the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio for higher hole mobility; 3) the feed‐back impact of NiOx on P3HT enhances molecular orientation of polymer chains in P3HT for better hole transport through polymer framework. Finally, the encapsulated solar cell modules with P3HT‐promoted NiOx maintains 91% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h aging at a harsh 85 °C/85% relative humidity condition. This finding provides a feasible approach for using NiOx‐based HTMs to realize high‐performance regular PSCs, paving the way for their commercialization.
Anisotropically Oriented Carbon Films with Dual‐Function of Efficient Heat Dissipation and Excellent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performances
Authors: Tan Mingyi , Chen Daming , Cheng Yuan , Sun Huiqi , Chen Guiqing , Dong Shun , Zhao Guangdong , Sun Boqian , Wu Shiqi , Zhang Wenzheng , Han Jiecai , Han Wenbo , Zhang Xinghong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of next‐generation portable electronic devices urgently requires dual‐functional materials that possess both efficient heat dissipation and outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances. In this study, anisotropically oriented carbon films with high thermal conductivity and excellent EMI shielding properties are prepared through an innovative glucose hydrogel‐controllable carbonization method. The horizontal alignment of nanocrystalline graphite results in oriented structures with an extremely high in‐plane thermal conductivity of 439.9 W m−1 K−1, exhibiting a more effective heat‐dissipating capacity on smartphones than their commercial graphite counterparts. Additionally, owing to multiple internal reflections arising from the oriented structures, the films exhibit an EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 21.72 dB at an ultrathin thickness of 480 nm in the X‐band and an extraordinarily high absolute shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of 275 883 dB cm2 g−1, significantly outperforming most of the reported synthetic materials. Furthermore, the flexibility, high mechanical strength, and stability of the films are demonstrated and therefore show promising application prospects. This study offers a facile yet feasible strategy for preparing dual‐functional materials to address the heat emission and EMI problems of advanced electronic devices in a more economical and environmentally friendly manner.
Immunoregulation in Diabetic Wound Repair with a Photoenhanced Glycyrrhizic Acid Hydrogel Scaffold
Authors: Qian Yuna , Zheng Yujing , Jin Juan , Wu Xuan , Xu Kejia , Dai Mali , Niu Qiang , Zheng Hui , He Xiaojun , Shen Jianliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractM1 macrophage accumulation and excessive inflammation are commonly encountered issues in diabetic wounds and can fail in the healing process. Hence, hydrogel dressings with immunoregulatory capacity have great promise in the clinical practice of diabetic wound healing. However, current immunoregulatory hydrogels are always needed for complex interventions and high‐cost treatments, such as cytokines and cell therapies. In this study, a novel glycyrrhizic acid (GA)‐based hybrid hydrogel dressing with intrinsic immunoregulatory properties is developed to promote rapid diabetic wound healing. This hybrid hydrogel consists of interpenetrating polymer networks composed of inorganic Zn2+‐induced self‐assembled GA and photo‐crosslinked methyl acrylated silk fibroin (SF), realizing both excellent injectability and mechanical strength. Notably, the SF/GA/Zn hybrid hydrogel can regulate macrophage responses in the inflammatory microenvironment, circumventing the use of any additives. The immunomodulatory properties of the hydrogel can be harnessed for safe and efficient therapeutics that accelerate the three phases of wound repair and serve as a promising dressing for the management of diabetic wounds.
Starvation, Ferroptosis, and Prodrug Therapy Synergistically Enabled by a Cytochrome c Oxidase like Nanozyme
Authors: Cao Changyu , Yang Nan , Su Yan , Zhang Zheye , Wang Chenxi , Song Xuejiao , Chen Peng , Wang Wenjun , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanozymes, which are inorganic nanomaterials mimicking natural enzyme activities, are bringing enormous opportunities to theranostics. Herein, a cytochrome c oxidase‐like nanozyme (copper–silver alloy nanoparticle, Cu–Ag NP) is demonstrated for nanocatalytic cancer therapy. Loaded with bioreductive predrug (AQ4N), this Cu–Ag nanozyme unprecedentedly enables simultaneous starvation, ferroptosis, and chemical therapy with high specificity, and is able to totally eliminate tumor and greatly prolong the survival rate for 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice. The underlying working mechanism is revealed both experimentally and theoretically.
The Structural and Mechanical Basis for Passive‐Hydraulic Pine Cone Actuation
Authors: Eger Carmen J. , Horstmann Martin , Poppinga Simon , Sachse Renate , Thierer Rebecca , Nestle Nikolaus , Bruchmann Bernd , Speck Thomas , Bischoff Manfred , Rühe Jürgen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe opening and closing of pine cones is based on the hygroscopic behavior of the individual seed scales around the cone axis, which bend passively in response to changes in environmental humidity. Although prior studies suggest a bilayer architecture consisting of lower actuating (swellable) sclereid and upper restrictive (non‐ or lesser swellable) sclerenchymatous fiber tissue layers to be the structural basis of this behavior, the exact mechanism of how humidity changes are translated into global movement are still unclear. Here, the mechanical and hydraulic properties of each structural component of the scale are investigated to get a holistic picture of their functional interplay. Measurements of the wetting behavior, water uptake, and mechanical measurements are used to analyze the influence of hydration on the different tissues of the cone scales. Furthermore, their dimensional changes during actuation are measured by comparative micro‐computed tomography (µ‐CT) investigations of dry and wet scales, which are corroborated and extended by 3D‐digital image correlation‐based displacement and strain analyses, biomechanical testing of actuation force, and finite element simulations. Altogether, a model allowing a detailed mechanistic understanding of pine cone actuation is developed, which is a prime concept generator for the development of biomimetic hygromorphic systems.
Highly Stretchable MoS2‐Based Transistors with Opto‐Synaptic Functionalities
Authors: Li Jiawei , Li Na , Wang Qinqin , Wei Zheng , He Congli , Shang Dashan , Guo Yutuo , Zhang Woyu , Tang Jian , Liu Jieying , Wang Shuopei , Yang Wei , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStretchable devices can form intimate interfaces with the attached objects, giving birth to widespread applications in wearable electronics, bioelectronics, and artificial bionics. The emerging 2D materials are considered to be ideal candidates for stretchable electronics due to their ultra‐thin nature and excellent mechanical properties. However, stretchable 2D semiconductor devices previously demonstrated usually work at insufficient strain range with poor device performances mostly due to a mechanical failure. Here, the fabrication of buckled monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field effect transistors (FETs) on elastomeric substrates is reported. These stretchable MoS2 FETs show stable performances with mobility of ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1, on/off ratio of ≈108, and subthreshold swing (SS) of ≈180 mV dec−1 after many cycled stretching‐release processes under more than 10% strain. In particular, the feasibility of applying these stretchable MoS2 transistors in optoelectronic synapse and neural network simulation in recognition tasks has been demonstrated.
Chemische Ansätze für synthetische Wirkstofftransportsysteme für systemische Anwendungen
Authors: Braatz Daniel , Cherri Mariam , Tully Michael , Dimde Mathias , Ma Guoxin , Mohammadifar Ehsan , Reisbeck Felix , Ahmadi Vahid , Schirner Michael , Haag Rainer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSchlechte Wasserlöslichkeit und geringe Bioverfügbarkeit von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen (APIs) sind die Hauptursache für Verzögerungen in der pharmazeutischen Industrie und stellen eine große Hürde für die Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel dar. Der Transport von Arzneimitteln ist nach wie vor die größte Herausforderung für die Anwendung niedermolekularer Medikamente und Biopharmazeutika. Die drei Herausforderungen für synthetische Transportsysteme sind: (i) Kontrolle über die Wirkstoffverteilung und Clearance im Blut, (ii) Solubilisierung schlecht wasserlöslicher Wirkstoffe und (iii) selektive Akkumulation in bestimmten Geweben. Obwohl viele Polymer‐basierte Systeme die ersten beiden Anforderungen erfüllen und in die klinische Praxis umgesetzt wurden, hat bisher noch kein zielgerichtetes, synthetisches Abgabesystem den Markt erreicht. Dieser Aufsatz soll einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen und Anforderungen zur Entwicklung und Umsetzung neuer Polymer‐basierter Darreichungssysteme geben. Hauptaugenmerk liegt hierbei auf den chemischen Ansätzen für die Darreichung von Wirkstoffen für systemische Anwendungen.
Unbiased C3‐Electrophilic Indoles: Triflic Acid Mediated C3‐Regioselective Hydroarylation of N−H Indoles**
Authors: Sabat Nazarii , Zhou Weiping , Gandon Vincent , Guinchard Xavier , Vincent Guillaume 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe direct dearomative addition of arenes to the C3 position of unprotected indoles is reported under operationally simple conditions, using triflic acid at room temperature. The present regioselective hydroarylation is a straightforward manner to generate an electrophilic indole at the C3 position from unbiased indoles in sharp contrast to previous strategies. This atom‐economical method delivers biologically relevant 3‐arylindolines and 3,3‐spiroindolines in high yields and regioselectivities from both intra‐ and intermolecular processes. DFT computations suggest the stabilization of cationic or dicationic intermediates with H‐bonded (TfOH)n clusters.
Red‐Shifted Water‐Soluble BODIPY Photocages for Visualisation and Controllable Cellular Delivery of Signaling Lipids
Authors: Poryvai Anna , Galkin Maksym , Shvadchak Volodymyr , Slanina Tomáš 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we developed a water‐soluble caging group based on a π‐extended BODIPY scaffold able to release carboxylate‐containing cargo upon red light illumination (λirr=633 nm). We performed mechanistic studies showing new insights into the principles of the photoreactivity of these cages and demonstrated a significant influence of the structure of a carboxylate cargo on the rate and efficiency of the uncaging process and its side reactions. We used it for selective delivery, visualisation, and photorelease of a signaling lipid in cell plasma and internal membranes. With this approach, we successfully induced Ca2+ release in cells expressing the GPR40 receptor.
Regioselektive Magnesiierungen von fluorierten Arenen und Heteroarenen mit Magnesium‐bis‐diisopropylamid (MBDA) in Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Hess Andreas , Alandini Nurtalya , Guersoy Yusuf C. , Knochel Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWir berichten über die einfache Herstellung eines neuen und lagerfähigen Magnesiumamids (iPr2N)2Mg (Magnesium‐bis‐diisopropylamid; MBDA), das sich als besonders geeignet für die nicht‐kryogene Magnesiierung von fluorsubstituierten Arenen und Heteroarenen erwiesen hat, um Arylmagnesiumamide (ArMgDA) oderBis‐Heteroarylmagnesien (HetAr)2Mg in Kohlenwasserstoffen zu erhalten. Weitere Reaktionen mit Elektrophilen (Aldehyde, Ketone, Allylbromide, Arylhalogenide (Negishi‐Kreuzkupplung)) lieferten eine Reihe von polyfunktionellen fluorsubstituierten ungesättigten Bausteinen. Es wurden verschiedene Postfunktionalisierungen sowie NMR‐Untersuchungen beschrieben, die die dimere Struktur der Base bestätigten.