bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile of Primary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders
Authors: Manisha Manisha , Mahanta Anirban , Goswami Munindra , Das Marami 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The primary central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders are witnessing significant advancement in terms of treatment options and the diagnostics. However, a resource poor country like ours has to rely more on our clinical findings.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the spectrum of different clinical manifestations in patients of various primary CNS demyelinating disorders in the hospital setting; categorizing them to the most possible extent into its various types viz. multiple sclerosis(MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM), idiopathic optic neuritis(ON).

Metarials and Methods:
An observational study was conducted for 2 years including old and newly diagnosed cases in whom detailed clinical assessment was done for every attack including the previous and subsequent ones. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.

Results:
Of the 47 patients included, 26 (55.3%) were cases of NMOSD, 12 (25.5%) of MS, 4 (8.5%) of ADEM and 5 (10.6%) were isolated cases of ON. 30 were female and 17 were male (ratio 1:0.6). The total mean age for primary CNS demyelinating disorders at presentation was 27.09 ± 13.44 years. Maximum patients fell in the age range of 11–20 years. Among the clinical manifestations, motor abnormalities (97.6%), sensory abnormalities (69%), bladder dysfunction (59.5%), visual manifestations (54.8%) (Unilateral in all MS patients, both bilateral and unilateral in NMOSD) were the most common presentations. In MS, the most common manifestations were motor dysfunction followed by sensory symptoms, optic neuropathy (mostly unilateral), and bladder dysfunction. In NMOSD, the most common clinical manifestations were motor dysfunction, followed by bladder dysfunction, optic neuropathy and then sensory abnormalities. In ADEM, most common manifestations were motor abnormalities, acute encephalopathy, headache, optic neuropathy. Among idiopathic ON, most patients presented with painful diminution of vision (80%). Mean number of attacks was 2.53.

Conclusion:
A wide spectrum of clinical presentations in various disorders of primary CNS demyelination was found with maximum patients presenting with motor dysfunction in various forms.
A Surgical Approach in the Management of Mucormycosis in Trauma Patients
Authors: Singh Karn , Jyothirmayee K. , Rani Ruma , Vamshi N. Surya , Francis Mariea , Nath Anagha S. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Fungal infections are rare occurrence in the oral cavity. They are most often seen in other medical conditions such as the immunocompromised states, diabetes, on immunosuppressants, and more recently, among the COVID patients. There are various ways that are employed to manage these infections. The most usual of fungal infection in these conditions is mucormycosis, also called as zygomycosis. Hence, in our study, we aim to evaluate the management of the fungal infection mucormycosis in trauma patients by the surgical approach.

Materials and Methods:
We piloted a retrospective observational study among 50 subjects who were admitted to the department with oral fungal infections with mucormycosis. We analyzed various clinical and demographic parameters among the subjects. The data thus obtained were analyzed with proper statistical tools deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:
We observed that among the 50 subjects, the mean age was 41 ± 1.7 years. There was no significant difference between the genders and the age groups. The most common reason for the oral involvement was uncontrolled diabetes. This was followed by malignancy, specifically leukemia, AIDS, and COVID. The most common site of the involvement was the palate, followed by the mandibular region. All the subjects tested positive for the fungal hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus which was the most common of the species. The surgical debridement along with the medical management showed satisfactory results, while one death was noted in our study.

Conclusion:
Although rare, oral involvement in the fungal infection with the mucormycosis is often easily managed when diagnosed early. The proper surgical debridement is the best method of treatment along with the appropriate medications. The management of the underlying medical conditions is the primary key for the success of the treatments.
Impression Cytology's Reliability as an Effective Method for Ophthalmic Neoplasm Detection
Authors: Pradhan Shitikantha , Mohanty Soumya K. , Dash Shovna , Bhuyan Lopamudra , Bhuyan Lipsa 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The current investigation was intended to evaluate the precision of impression cytology and tissue histology in the detection of ocular surface neoplasia.

Materials and Methods:
We examined the histories of patients detected with ocular surface neoplasia at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. All the patients had their impressions cytology and tissue samples taken. The outcomes of both strategies were compared.

Results:
There were a total of 55 patients (33 males and 22 females) aged 12–99 years (average age, 51 years). Twenty patients had injuries to the right eye and 35 had injuries to the left eye. Conjunctival–corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (38.2%), squamous cell carcinoma (34.5%), squamous epithelium (10.9%), squamous papilloma (7.3%), conjunctival nevi (7.3%), Along with the most common histological research, malignant melanoma (1.8%). Compared with the histological results, impression cytology showed positive and negative assessment accuracies of 97.4% and 52.9%, respectively. In squamous neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma exhibited a strong link with histology. The occurrence of dysplastic cells raised suspicion of malignancy.

Conclusion:
Because of its increased accuracy in detecting lesions, along with tissue histology, impression cytology exhibits enormous potential in identifying ocular surface neoplasia. However, impression cytology has an undesirable prognostic accuracy, indicating that it is a useful screening tool but cannot be considered as a “gold standard.”
A Comparative Study of Mid-Crestal Incision and Diode Laser Shaped Incision to Assess Papilla Level in Second Stage Dental Implant Surgery
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Manas Abhigyan , Gopinath PV , Moin Ahmed Muzammil , Ibrahim Mathar Mohammed , Chauhan Meghna , Bhuvaneshwari S 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To assess papilla level using different techniques in a second stage dental implant surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients who received 45 dental implants were equally divided into 3 groups of 10 each. Group I patients were operated with a scalpel with mid-crestal incision. In group II, dental implants were exposed with a gallium–aluminum–arsenide diode laser. In group III, dental implants were exposed with I shaped incision using a scalpel. Assessment of modified gingival index (mGI), modified plaque index (mPI), and Jemt index were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The measurement of FAJI, FAJAdj, ST height, and CP Bone crest was performed.

Results:
A significant difference in crestal bone level of FAJ- I, FAJ- adj, ST height, and CP Bone crest was recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months among groups I, II, and III (P < 0.05). At 6 months, both groups II and III exhibited >60% of papilla fill as compared to group I.

Conclusion:
Diode laser offers maximum papillary fill and resulted in less crestal bone loss as compared to mid-crestal and I shaped incision during a second stage surgery.
Effect of Thermocycling on Shear Bond Strength of PEEK—A Comparative Study of Resin Luting Cements
Authors: Nikitha  , Thapaswini Yekula , Chary Nukalamarri O. B. P. , Pardeshi Kshitij V. , Chitumalla Rajkiran , Cherukuri Sai A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Thermocycling is an in-vitro process; it may affect the bonding strength between tooth and resin which is depending upon the adhesive system.

Aim and Objectives:
To evaluate and compare the thermocycling effect on shear bond strength of RelyX Unicem and G-CEM Linkace to polyether ether ketone (PEEK) surface.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 PEEK disk-shaped specimens were fabricated with dimensions of 10 × 3 mm and randomly allocated into two groups. Group A was cemented with Rely X Unicem material and Group B was cemented with G-CEM Linkace. About 10 specimens from each group were thermocycled 500 times at 5°C and 55°C. By applying force at the speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine, shear bond strength was measured.

Results:
The mean bond strength was compared using paired t test. There was a significant difference even before and after thermocycling.

Conclusion:
In this experiment, Shear bond strength (SBS) of G-CEM Linkace showed more even before and after thermocycling when compared to RelyX. Also bond strengths of two cements decreased after thermocycling.
Effect of Acrylic Removable Partial Denture in Caries Prevalence Among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ambikathanaya UK , Swamy KN Raghavendra , Gujjari Anil Kumar , Tejaswi Sunil , Shetty Suneeth , Ravi MB 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease affecting human race. The etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries are known to be multifactorial. Studies have shown that removable partial dentures in the oral cavity increases the biofilm formation and consequently an increase in the occurrence of caries and periodontal diseases. There is a complex relationship between diabetes mellitus and dental caries. Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to oral sensory, periodontal, and salivary disorders which could increase the risk of developing new and recurrent dental caries. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries among diabetic and non-diabetic acrylic removable partial denture wearers.

Materials and Methods:
Individuals participating in the study were partially edentulous and aged between 18 and 64 years. Patients were screened at Out patient department (OPD) in the Department of Prosthodontics JSSDCH, among which 60 patients were diabetic based on the random blood sugar level more than 160 mg/dl—30 patients were wearing RPD and 30 were without RPD. And 60 non-diabetic patients were selected among which 30 were wearing RPD and 30 without RPD. A total 120 patients were screened. Dental caries prevalence was assessed using Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMFT) index.

Results:
Diabetic group unrehabilitated with removable partial prosthesis showed significant difference in the number of missing teeth when compared to non-diabetic patients without removable prosthesis (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Removable partial denture prosthesis had less impact on prevalence of dental caries with good oral hygiene, following post insertion RPD instructions and regular dental visits irrespective of diabetes.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Aparnadevi Potsangbam , Nirmal Ramdas M. , Veeravarmal Veeran , Nandini Doddabasavaiah Basavapur , Kalyani Chandrasekaran , Singh Deepak N. , Yoithapprabhunath Thuckanaickenpalayam Ragunathan 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Growing evidence has shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme capable of catalyzing prostaglandin production, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce the establishment of tumors such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and premalignant conditions such oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in OSCC and OSMF with the normal oral mucosa as control.

Material and Methods:
Forty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples comprising 20 OSCC, 20 OSMF, and 5 normal oral mucosa specimens were withdrawn from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology for immunohistochemical examination for COX-2 expression. Negative and less than 5% COX-2 positivity was considered negative expressions, while greater than or equal to 5% COX-2 positivity was considered positive expression. The data obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results:
The difference in percentages of expression in normal mucosa, OSCC, and OSMF was highly significant (P < 0.01). In comparison to normal mucosa, OSCC and OSMF had an increased level of COX-2 expression. However, there was an insignificant difference between the various histological gradings of OSCC and OSMF.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study confirm the role of COX-2 in carcinogenesis and in the progression of premalignant conditions to malignancy.
Sexual Predilection of Lingual Morphology – A Cross-sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Bhargava Ankur , Chatterjee Silpi , Rehan Ahmad Danish , Sharma Ruchi , Husain Fasahat , Joshi Asha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Proof of identity acts as a key title role in any criminal investigation. Training of tongue prints has been documented and acknowledged as the gold standard for personal identification worldwide nowadays. Tongue printing has proved as an innovative biometric tool and can be relied upon as an authoritative forensic tool. Research works have been carried out on tongue print independently. However, studies focusing on the morphology or shape of the tongue have not been commenced to a prodigious scope.

Aim:
The contemporary trial was undertaken upon the people to train and scrutiny the morphological shape of the tongue and validate their magnitude as assistance in sexual dimorphism.

Materials and Methods:
Hundred dental students in the age group of 18–25 years were included in the trial. For the trial clinical scrutiny, photographs and lingual impressions were recorded of the tongue.

Results:
In the current trial of the shape of the tongue for gender identification, we used two classifications. According to TCM criteria, five tongue shapes were used for gender identification: rectangle, acute triangle, obtuse triangle, square, and circle. Among the 100 subjects, the square-shaped tongue was chiefly observed, trailed by the circle and obtuse triangle. In the second criteria, Stefanescu et al. classified tongues into two shapes: U- and V-shaped. When the tongue shape was scrutinized, U shape was seen in 79 persons and V shape in 21 persons out of 100 subjects.

Conclusion:
Hence, the trial concluded that tongue prints exhibited a qualitative result among diverse sex groupings. It can be preached that the human tongue possibilities to distribute a point of exceptionality in morphological shape; besides, it is apt for utilization in gender acknowledgment.
Influence and Impact of Mandibular Ramal Dimensions on the Incidence of Lower Third Molar Impaction
Authors: Jeevitha Jessica Yolanda , Thiagarajan Aarthi , Sivalingam Balaji 
Published: July 2022

Context:
The incidence of third molar impaction is very frequent in the dental arch; however, the etiology remains unclear. Assessment of ramal parameters might aid in deducing the chance of the lower third molar being impacted.

Aims:
To investigate the mandibular ramus features that could contribute to the etiology of mandibular third molar impaction.

Settings and Design:
A prospective study.

Methods and Materials:
In total 1,125 patients (568 males and 557 females) who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Six linear and four angular measurements such as ramal height, ramal width, mandibular body length, third molar width, the body of mandible width, retromolar space, angle of the impacted tooth, the angle between condyle and coronoid process, gonial angle, and inclination of the lower posterior teeth were made using digital panoramic radiographs and recorded. Also, the occurrence of impacted lower third molar was noted.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Comparisons between groups were done using Student's t-test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the degree of relationship between retromolar space and mandibular measurements.

Results:
Control group showed significantly greater measurements in most of the variables, whereas the impacted group showed no significant difference. A significant correlation of retromolar space is found with body height, third molar width, and angle of impaction.

Conclusions:
The present study found that the configuration of the mandibular ramus appears to be discrete in many aspects in the erupted other than impacted lower third molars subjects, which might be a possible cause for the impaction.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Rumex Nervosus Against Selected Oral Pathogens
Authors: Al-Farhan Ali Hussain , Asiri Khalid Ahmed , Raju Martin , Hichri Faycal , Abu-Melha Abdulaziz Saad 
Published: July 2022

Background:

Rumex nervosus is a plant found and used in Saudi Arabia as traditional herbal medicine. Various types of plant extracts with inherent synergistic properties are being used against oral diseases. Thus, in the present study, the anti-microbial activity of Rumex nervosus extracts was studied against six common oral pathogenic bacterial strains and a pathogenic fungus.

Materials and Method:
Plants of R. nervosus were collected and air-dried, and extracts from various plant parts were obtained. Six clinical isolates of bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, S. salivarius, S. sanguis, E. faecalis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus), and one pathogenic Candida (C. albicans) were obtained. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of R. nervosus was determined using the Kirby–Bauer agar disc diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were recorded after 48 h of incubation. Data collected were analyzed. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Methanol extract from leaves were highly effective against S. aureus, with a mean inhibition zone of 33 mm, followed by a 28-mm zone of inhibition using an extract from roots and a minimum inhibition zone using an extract from stems. Zones of inhibition using methanol extract from roots were effective against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, E. faecalis, and L. acidophilus, with mean inhibition zones being 19, 17, 33, and 31 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
The study has provided insight into a new potential herbal anti-microbial agent that may benefit dental care.
Quantitative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris during Biomechanical Preparation using Hand K-File, Protaper Next, and Waveone – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Maheswari Diksha , Mallick Rashmi Rekha , Shandilya Ashutosh , Solanki Himanshi , Panda Swagat , Sarangi Priyanka 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The instrumentation technique which produces least amount of apically extruded debris is desirable to use in biomechanical preparation of root canal.

Aim:
To quantitatively evaluate apically extruded debris during instrumentation with hand K-file, ProTaper Next, and WaveOne.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars with straight, single canal and single apical foramen were selected after radiographic evaluation and divided equally into three groups. Cleaning and shaping was done using hand K-files in step-back technique, ProTaper Next, and WaveOne single-file system. Debris extruded apically was collected into Eppendorf tubes and stored in an incubator at 37°C temperature for 5 days for drying. Weight of dry debris was measured using electronic microbalance with an accuracy of 10−5 g.

Statistical Analysis:
Student's t-test, with P value < 0.05 is statistically significant.

Results:
Statistically significant (P < 0.05) amount of debris was extruded by all three instrumentation systems: hand K-file- 1.9220 mg, ProTaper Next- 1.4940 mg, and WaveOne- 0.9940 mg. Least amount of debris produced by WaveOne was statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared with the other two systems.

Conclusion:
The WaveOne reciprocating system extruded least amount of debris in comparison to hand K-file and ProTaper Next.
Experience with Resorbable Plates for Fixation of Mandible Fracture. A Prospective Study of 10 Cases
Authors: Singh Atul , Muthunagai R. , Agarwal Mudit , Mehta Ranjita , Karpagavalli S. , Sharma Shailja , Prasad G. Arun 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of resorbable plates for the fixation of mandible fracture.

Materials and Methods:
10 cases of fracture mandible were treated with resorbable plates using the Inion CPS system. Patients were evaluated during their entire hospital stay and recalled on 1st, 4th, and 8th postoperative weeks. A thorough evaluation was done at the recall visits for any surgical and postoperative complications such as infection, malocclusion, neural abnormalities, wound or suture dehiscence, segmental mobility, foreign body reaction, and pain on biting. Bite force measurements were taken to evaluate the return of function.

Results:
Clinical union of the fracture was noted at the 8th week follow-up examination for all cases. There were swelling and pain at the operated site at 8th week follow-up for one patient, which was managed conservatively. The mean bite force was recorded for different regions and it increased over the entire follow-up period progressively.

Conclusion:
These plates and screws are an essential tool in the treatment of mandibular fractures owing to benefits such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to be eliminated via the body's natural processes.
Evaluation of Electrosurgery and Diode Laser in Gingival Depigmentation
Authors: Yadav Shivam , Kumar Shubham , Chandra Chetan , Bhatia Love K. , Iqbal Haider , Bhowmick Devleena 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Gingival depigmentation is a surgical procedure done to eliminate or reduce gingival hyperpigmentation. Various techniques are employed such as scalpel de-epithelization, gingivectomy, electrosurgery, use of chemical agents, cryosurgery, and lasers. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of laser and electrosurgical procedure in reducing gingival pigmentation in terms of pain, wound healing, and recurrence of melanin pigmentation.

Methodology:
A prospective study was conducted on 40 subjects affected by melanin pigmentation. Group I patients were treated with electrosurgery and Group II patients with diode laser procedure. Evaluation for pain was done intraoperatively, 24 hours and 7 days using VAS. Wound healing and recurrence of pigmentation was assessed at one month and three months.

Results:
No significant difference was noted between the two groups for pain assessment at 7 days with P > 0.001. Both electrosurgery and laser group showed significant differences between intraoperative time period to 24 hours and 24 hours to 7 days at P < 0.001 for pain.

Conclusion:
Esthetic demands necessitate cosmetic gingival depigmentation procedure. Laser diode photoablation proves to be an effective and reliable technique in achieving the same.