bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic and clinical outcomes of slope and varus correction anterior closing wedge tibial osteotomy for primary anterior cruciate ligament injuries with steep posterior tibial slope, varus knee deformity, and medial meniscal posterior root tears
Authors: Liu Juncai , zhou Peng , Deng Xiangtian , Jiang Hao , Li Lingzhi , Li Zhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
previous biomechanical studies have investigated the influence of coronal and sagittal correction high tibial osteotomy in ACL-reconstructed knees. However, no studies have reported its clinical application. Our objective was to evaluate the radiological and clinical results after simultaneous slope and varus correction anterior closing wedge tibial osteotomy (ACWTO) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in patients with ACL deficiency combined with steep posterior tibial slope (PTS), varus deformity, and medial meniscal posterior root tear (MMPRT).
Methods
Between January 2018 and December 2021, 5 patients with ACL injuries who had steep PTS, varus deformity, and concomitant MMPRT underwent slope and varus correction ACWTO combined with primary ACLR. The mean follow-up duration was 26.2 months. Preoperative and postoperative radiological assessments included the degree of the femoral tibial angle (FTA), PTS, progression of medial osteoarthritis. For clinical outcomes, we evaluated KT-1000 side-to-side difference, pivot-shift test, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score and Tegner activity score preoperatively and at the last follow-up.
Results
The mean PTS was 17.0° (range, 16°-19°) preoperatively and 7.8° (range, 6°-9°) postoperatively (P ༜0.01). The mean FTA was 5.6° (range, 5°-7°) preoperatively and − 0.6°(range, -2°-0°) postoperatively (P ༜ 0.01). According to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification, 4 patients was grade 1, and 1 patient was grade 2 at the last follow-up. All patients showed statistically significant improvements in knee stability (pre- vs postoperatively: mean side-to-side difference, 9.2 mm vs 0.6mm; and pivot-shift test, 2 grade I and 3 grade II vs 5 grade 0). All patients showed statistically significant improvements in function (pre- vs postoperatively: mean IKDC score, 48.8 vs 89.4; mean Lysholm score, 48.2 vs 93.0; and Tegner activity score, 4.0 vs 6.8). Moreover, no graft rerupture were found at the last follow-up.
Conclusion
Slope and varus correction ACWTO combined with primary ACLR is a safe and effective procedure to improve knee stability and function in patients with ACL tear, steep PTS, varus knee deformity, and MMPRT.
Surface Plasmonic Nano Grating for Improved the Responses of GaAs PIN photodetectors
Authors: AbdElaziz Nada , yousif Bedir Bedir , AbdElhalim Eman , Gaballah Waleed , Samra Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The photonics world is becoming increasingly interested in plasmonic photodetectors. The field of plasmonics allows light to be dedicated into small spaces in metallic structures, and this property has the ability to simulate extra improvements in performance of photodetectors. In this work it is presented gold (Au) and Aluminum (Al) surface plasmon polariton (SPP) GaAs PIN photodetector achieved higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE), as the IQE with Au and Al SPP rectangle grating is 95.01%, while the IQE with Au SPP rectangle grating is 85%, which indicates an improvement of 10.01%. It is also presented nanograting various shapes such as triangular, ellipse, bowtie and circle, and investigate its impact on improving the performance of the proposed photodetector. The internal quantum efficiency is improved to 98.48% with a total enhancement IQE of 13.48%. Moreover, output current and responsivity are improved. This remarkable enhancement is achieved with bowtie grating as compared to other shapes and previous published papers.
Weight gain of battery and hydrogen Zero Emission Vehicles over internal combustion vehicles: consequential increases in road wear.
Authors: Low John McKenzie , Haszeldine Stuart , Harrison Gareth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to meet global climate targets, it will be essential to decarbonise transport along with emissions sources. For road transport, the two currently available technologies are battery electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. Battery vehicles are more established than hydrogen, although both are capable of delivering the emissions reduction required.However, battery electric vehicles are usually considerably heavier than the equivalent hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles, which are in turn slightly heavier than existing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles; a heavier vehicle will have a bigger impact on road wear, and associated maintenance and particulate emissions.Here we examine for the first time one impact and hidden cost, associated with the increased weight of zero emissions vehicles, not commonly addressed in energy research – the additional wear and tear on roads, associated with road maintenance cost and particulate emissions. We examine these in three different future scenarios of all battery vehicles, all hydrogen vehicles, and a combination, in comparison with the current ICE situation.We find that there is 30-40% additional road wear associated with battery vehicles compared to ICE vehicles; there is a 6% increase from ICE vehicles with hydrogen. This is overwhelmingly caused by the largest vehicles - buses and heavy goods vehicles. The contribution from cars, vans and motorcycles is negligible with any fuel type. Governmental bodies will become liable for increased road maintenance costs and may wish to set weight limits on roads, or require additional axles on heavier vehicles, to decrease road wear.
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in different human tissues. Validation of immunohistochemical and qPCR techniques in paraffin-embedded tissues and cytology
Authors: Bernal-Florindo Irene , Santisteban-Espejo Antonio , Rio-Ignacio Juan Del , Muriel-Cueto Pedro , Perez-Requena Jose , Atienza-Cuevas Lidia , Catalina-Fernandez Inmaculada , Garcia-Rojo Marcial , Romero-Garcia Raquel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Since the beginning of 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for a global pandemic. Although the scientific community has focused on its study, there is little knowledge on validated techniques for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues archived in pathology departments. The objective of this study was to validate immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the diagnosis of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cytology and FFPE tissues, obtained from multiple specimen types (autopsy, incisional biopsy and surgical specimens). We also defined relevant temporary points (interval, persistence and archival times) to evaluate the correlation between those periods and viral load. A total of 43 cytology and FFPE samples from patients with a previous positive qPCR COVID-19 test in nasopharyngeal swabs were analysed. Two different qPCR techniques were evaluated from IDT Technologies (method A) and Roche Diagnostics (method B). In immunohistochemistry, antibodies directed against nucleocapsid and spike viral proteins were employed. A total of 25.58% of the evaluated samples were positive for any of the two qPCR techniques. Only one placental specimen (3.44%) with acute villitis showed strong IHC positivity for both antibodies, and the other 4 specimens (lung, brain, kidney and placenta) showed isolated weakly positive cells with IHC. A strong statistically significant correlation was observed between threshold values for qPCR method A and interval time (p = 0.01; ρ = 0.917) and persistence time (p = 0.002; ρ = 0.879) and between qPCR method B and archival time (p = 0.037; ρ = 0.900). In conclusion, the qPCR technique is a sensitive diagnostic tool for SARS-COV-2 detection for both cytology and FFPE specimens. With currently available antibodies, IHC to detect the presence of SARS-COV-2 should only be used in special cases.
Effect of pre-treated almond by-products at different doses of fibrolytic enzyme on nutrition value, ruminal fermentation and enteric methane emission
Authors: Abid Khalil , Jabri Jihene , Yaich Hela , Malek Atef , Rekhis Jamel , Kamoun Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Almond’s by-product is available in large quantities all over the world. However, little information is available about their feed value. The aim of this research was to determine their nutritional value and investigate the effect of pre-treating with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) at 0, 1, 2, and 4 µL/ g DM.The result showed that the almond shell is a fibrous by-product with low energy value. The pre-treatment with high doses of EFE hydrolyses part of their cellulose and hemicellulose, improved their fermentation, digestibility and energy value. In addition, it improved protein produced by the ruminal microbiota and volatile fatty acids. This improvement is coupled with the reduction of methane emission. Almond teguments are rich in fibre and have high energy value due to their high fat content. A high content of condensed tannins has been detected in this by-product. The pre-treatments with EFE did not modify their fibre composition and nutritional value. Almond hulls have a high energy value due to their high non-fiber-carbohydrates content. It has moderate fibre compounds and high condensed tannins. The pre-treatment with EFE has no effect on their fibre composition. However, at the low dose, it improves their fermentation, digestion and protein produced by ruminal microbes and at the high dose it has an unharmful effect.This study can encourage farmers to use almond by-product as an alternative feed for ruminants. EFE is good strategy to improve nutritional value of almond by-product, reduce energy loss and protect the environment against global warming
The application of Caprini Risk Assessment Model in evaluation of deep vein thrombosis for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis before arthroplasty
Authors: Jiang Qing , Sun Wei , Ai Dongmei , Yao Yao , Ren Kewei , Lu Jun , Sun Huiqing , Wu Xiaotao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was a fatal complication of knee arthroplasty. We had neglected the risk factors of preoperative DVT although patients undergoing knee arthroplasty were at high risk for VTE. This study was to determine the risk factors for preoperative DVT and application of Caprini Risk Assessment Model (RAM) in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1808 cases with end-stage knee OA undergoing primary knee arthroplasty from May 2015 to December 2020. Based on the results of ultrasonography in lower extremities, all patients were divided into non-DVT group and DVT group. Distribution of risk factors and risk levels were compared using χ2 test between two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors and relationship of risk levels and preoperative DVT.Results: The incidence of preoperative DVT was 5.53% (n=100). Distribution of the study population by risk level was low, 4.09%; moderate, 23.95%; high, 66.98%; and highest 4.98%. Female (P=0.002), age (P=0.012), swollen legs (P=0.035) and history of blood clots (P<0.001) was correlated with preoperative DVT. Difference among four risk levels was significant (P=0.007). Patients with highest risk level had statistically significant association with preoperative DVT (P=0.005, OR=2.93, 95%CI [1.375-6.246]).Conclusion: The incidence of preoperative DVT was 5.53% in end-stage knee OA patients. The gender (female) and age were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT. The risk group classification by Caprini RAM was significantly associated with preoperative DVT. The usage of Caprini RAM before knee arthroplasty may be beneficial for prophylaxis of DVT.
The combined effects of Map3k1 mutation and dioxin on differentiation of keratinocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Xiao Bo , Kimura Eiki , Mongan Maureen , Xia Ying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Epithelial development starts with stem cell commitment to ectoderm followed by differentiation to basal keratinocytes. The basal keratinocytes, first committed in embryogenesis, constitute the basal layer of the epidermis. They have robust proliferation and differentiation potential, giving rise to suprabasal cells, and are responsible for expansion, maintenance and regeneration of the epidermis. We generated basal epithelial cells in vitro through differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Early on in differentiation, the expression of stem cell markers, Oct4 and Nanog, decreased rapidly along with increased ectoderm marker keratin (Krt) 18. Later on, Krt 18 expression was subdued when cells displayed basal keratinocyte characteristics, including regular polygonal shape, adherent and tight junctions and Krt 14 expression. Using Map3k1 mutant mESCs and environmental dioxin, we examined the gene and environment effects on differentiation. Neither Map3k1 mutation nor dioxin altered mESC differentiation to ectoderm and basal keratinocytes, but they, individually and in combination, potentiated Krt 1 expression and basal to spinous differentiation. Similar gene-environment effects were observed in vivo where dioxin exposure increased Krt 1 more substantially in the epithelium of Map3k1+/− than wild type embryos. Thus, the in vitro model of epithelial differentiation can detect genetic and environmental effects on epidermal development.
What are the impacts of setting up new medical schools? A narrative review
Authors: Hashem Ferhana , Marchand Catherine , Peckham Stephen , Peckham Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe growth of the UK’s population together with an aging society with increasingly complex health and social care needs has placed a greater demand on statutory care services. In view of this emerging landscape, the UK Government has sought to increase its medically trained workforce in order to better respond to the demands placed on the health service. Five universities were announced as homes to new medical schools offering undergraduate places to boost the numbers of doctors training in England. The aim of this narrative review was to explore how new medical schools could improve the health outcomes of the local population and evaluate the potential contribution it may make to the local economy, workforce and to research and education. MethodsA narrative review was undertaken using a systematic approach for the search literature strategy. The articles were evaluated by undertaking a critical assessment evaluating the fitness of a paper for review according results, methods used to test the hypothesis, conclusions and impact and limitations. Thematic analysis was employed to organise and summarise the findings across a heterogeneous body of literature included in the review. The analysis was developed in an inductive manner and there were not any predefined themes to guide data extraction and analysis. Results: Thirty-six articles were selected for inclusion for this narrative review. The review identified eight key themes: rural / primary care career choices, rural undergraduate medical education and rural exposure, recruitment and retention in primary care / rural settings, workforce, health outcomes of local populations, social accountability, economic contribution of medical schools to communities and impact on rural research. Conclusions:The studies included found a wealth of information on a wide-range of topics on the expansion of undergraduate education and its implications on the future medical workforce. It was shown that medical schools can have a positive effect on the health, social, economic and research activity of a region, but this literature tended to be heterogeneous in focus without consideration of the inter-connections between the wider societal and economic impacts arising from long-term sustainable change being brought to a region.
Differences in Clinical Significance of Bronchodilator Responses Measured by Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second and Forced Vital Capacity
Authors: Choi Joon Young , Kim Sung Kyoung , Lee Jin Hwa , Jung Ki-Suck , Yoo Kwang Ha , Hwang Ki-Eun , Lee Jong Deog , Kim Yu-Il , Yoon Hyoung Kyu , Um Soo-Jung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The clinical implication of bronchodilator response (BDR) is not fully understood. However, BDR is frequently present in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We identified the differences in clinical features regarding BDR. In addition, we divided BDR into BDR for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and BDR for forced vital capacity (FVC; i.e., BDR-FEV1 and BDR-FVC, respectively) and analyzed clinical significance.Methods: We used data from the Korea COPD Subgroup Study, a multicenter cohort study of COPD patients recruited from 54 centers in South Korea since April 2012. We analyzed differences in baseline characteristics, 1-year exacerbation rate, and 3-year FEV1 decline between BDR negative and positive patients. Moreover, we analyzed the differences in clinical features between BDR-FEV1 positive and negative patients and between BDR-FVC positive and negative patients. Results: Of the 2,181 patients enrolled in this study, 366 (16.8%) were BDR positive. BDR positive patients were more likely to be ever-smokers and to have a lower body mass index and higher symptom scores compared to BDR negative patients. Baseline FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were lower in the BDR positive compared to the BDR negative group (1.7 ± 0.6 and 1.6 ± 0.5, respectively, p < 0.01; 50.9 ± 12.1 and 46.5 ± 14.8, respectively, p < 0.01). BDR positive patients were more likely to have been diagnosed with asthma–COPD overlap and to receive inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) than BDR negative patients. Analyses of BDR-FEV1 and BDR-FVC patients showed that BDR-FVC patients had similar results to BDR patients with regard to smoking history, symptom scores, and lung function. BDR had no significant effect on 1-year moderate to severe or severe exacerbation rates or 3-year annual FEV1 decline. Interactive effects of ICS and BDR on the exacerbation rate were not significant in any group.Conclusions: In this study, BDR positive patients were more likely to be ever-smokers and to have worse symptoms and lung function than BDR negative patients. BDR-FVC was associated with worse symptom control and lung function compared to BDR-FEV1. However, there were no significant differences in exacerbation rate or decline in lung function in any BDR group. In addition, the effects of ICS on exacerbations were not significant in any group.
Adding sufentanil to ropivacaine in pediatric brachial plexus block fails to improve analgesi a : A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Jun , Nan Yang , Lou Jia , Chen Li-qiong , Zh Chun-chun , Li Xing-wang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Most studies had used sufentanil and ropivacaine for intrathecal anesthesia in adults or children，but few studies had used sufentanil and ropivacaine for peripheral nerve block, especially in children. Brachial plexus block was one of the most commonly used nerve block methods in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether 0.1µg/kg sufentanil combined with 0.25% ropivacaine can improve analgesia and prolong analgesia in children compared with ropivacaine alone.Methods 80 children, ASA I, aged 5-10 years old, undergoing upper limb surgery, were randomly divided into two groups: RS group(0.25% ropivacaine combined with 0.1µg/kg sufentanil) and R group (0.25% ropivacaine alone). The dosage of 0.25% ropivacaine administered in each group was 0.5ml/kg. After general anesthesia, all children underwent ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block and were performed by the same experienced anesthetist. The primary outcome measures were the FLACC score at 2, 4, and 6 h after surgery and the duration of analgesia in each group. Secondary outcome measures were the changes in vital signs during surgery in each group, the incidence of postoperative agitation, the postoperative awake time and the duration of stay in PACU. Results The FLACC scores at 2, 4 and 6 hours after surgery and the duration of analgesia showed no statistically significant difference. There were no statistically significant differences in the changes in vital signs during surgery in each group. The incidence of postoperative agitation was significantly lower in RS group than R group(20% vs 45%, P<0.05). Comparison of the postoperative awake time and the duration of stay in PACU showed that there were no significant differences respectively.Conclusion Compared with 0.25% ropivacaine alone, 0.1µg/kg sufentanil combined with 0.25% ropivacaine for pediatric brachial plexus block did not improve analgesia and prolong analgesia, but reduced postoperative agitation in the children.Trial RegistrationRegistration of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(Date:19/04/2020, Number:ChiCTR2000032071).
Up-regulation of Interleukin-25 Expression in Vogt-Koyanagi- Harada Disease after Immunosuppressive Treatment
Authors: Xu Mei , Gan Meiqi , Yi Shenglan , He Yuqin , Liu Tingting 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: IL-25 has been shown to play an immunosuppressive role in a series of autoimmune diseases. This study aims to investigate the changes of IL-25 in PBMC in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) patients after the administration of cyclosporine and corticosteroids.Methods: The protein level of IL-25 in the serum of VKH patients was measured by ELISA. The PBMCs from active VKH patients were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and stimulated with LPS, CsA or dexamethasone for 3 days. The concentration of IL-25 in supernatants was tested by ELISA respectively. Results: The protein level of IL-25 is down-regulated in active VKH patients and comparing with inactive patients. The expression of IL-25 was significantly increased in PBMCs from VKH patients after corticosteroid and CsA stimulation.Conclusion: IL-25 might be a negative regulator of the inflammatory response in VKH syndrome, and the therapeutic effect of corticosteroids and CsA, might upregulate the expression of IL-25 to exert its immunosuppressive effect on VKH syndrome.
1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of TbBDF5-bromo1 domain from Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Xiaole , Zhang Jiahai , Tu Xiaoming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments are presented for the first bromo domain of TbBDF5 (TbBDF5-bromo1) from Trypanosoma brucei. TbBDF5 is localized in the nucleus and plays a potential role in transcription regulation. Bromo domain can recognize acetylated histone through a conserved binding pocket. Here we report the NMR resonance assignments of TbBDF5-bromo1 domain for further studies of the relationship between its structure and function.