bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anchoring an Iridium Pincer Complex in a Hydrophobic Microporous Polymer for Application in Continuous‐Flow Alkane Dehydrogenation
Authors: König Michaela , Traxler Michael , Rudolph Maik Alexander , Schmidt Johannes , Küçükkeçeci Hüseyin , Schomäcker Reinhard , Thomas Arne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn iridium pincer complex {p‐KO‐C6H2‐2,6‐[OP(t‐Bu)2]2}Ir(C2H4) is immobilized in a propyl bromide‐functionalized microporous polymer network using the concepts of surface organometallic chemistry. The support material enables the formation of isolated active metal sites embedded in a chemically robust and highly hydrophobic environment. The catalyst maintained high porosity and – without prior activation – exhibited high activity in the continuous‐flow dehydrogenation of cyclohexane at elevated temperatures. The catalyst shows a stable performance for at least 7 days, even when additional H2O was co‐fed, owing to its hydrophobic nature.
What Defines a Crystal Structure? Effects of Chalcogen Atoms in 3,7‐Bis(methylchalcogeno)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dichalcogenophene‐Based Organic Semiconductors†
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Bulgarevich Kirill , Sahara Kamon , Kanazawa Kiseki , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Kawabata Kohsuke 
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive SummaryTo understand the effects of chalcogen atoms on the crystal structure of the series of 3,7‐bis(methylchalcogeno)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dichalcogenophene‐based organic semiconductors, three benzodifuran derivatives (1—3) and dimethoxy derivatives of benzodithiophene and benzodiselenophene (4 and 7) were newly synthesized to complete the “3 × 3 matrix” of the oxygen‐, sulfur‐, and selenium‐derivatives (1—9). The crystal structures of 1—9 were classified into four classes, sandwich pitched π‐stack (1), dimeric (2 and 3), pitched π‐stack (4, 5, 7, 8, 9), and brickwork structure (6 and 9). The causes for the different crystal structures depending on the chalcogen atoms were investigated by the theoretical calculations, indicating that the chalcogen atoms in the core and substituents primarily affected the packing structures. Although the crystal growth in the vapor phase afforded different polymorphs, the relationship between the crystal structure and the carrier transport property was carefully investigated. With these comprehensive evaluations, we conclude that; i) methylchalcogenolation is a powerful tool to alter the packing structure, ii) each methylchalcogeno group has its features that largely influence the intermolecular interaction and electronic structure in the solid state, and iii) organic semiconductors being crystallizable into appropriate pitched π‐stack structures are promising as high‐performance active materials for FET applications.
Aqueous OH−/H+ Dual‐Ion Zn‐Based Batteries
Authors: Cai Pingwei , Chen Kai , Lu Zhiwen , Mondal Ritwik , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAqueous Zn‐based batteries hold multiple advantages of eco‐friendliness, easy accessibility, high safety, easy fabrication, and fast kinetics, while their widespread applications have been greatly limited by the relatively narrow thermodynamically stable potential windows (i. e., 1.23 V) of water and the mismatched pH conditions between cathode and anode, which presents challenges regarding how to maximize the output voltage and the energy density. Recently, aqueous OH−/H+ dual‐ion Zn‐based batteries (OH−/H+‐DIZBs), where the Zn anode reacts with hydroxide ions (OH−) in alkaline electrolyte while hydrogen ions (H+) are involved in the cathode reaction in the acidic electrolyte, have been reported to be capable of broadening the working voltage and improving the energy density, which offers practical feasibility toward overcoming the above limitations. This Review thus takes this chance to investigate the recent progress on aqueous OH−/H+‐DIZBs. First, the concept and the history of such OH−/H+‐DIZBs are introduced, and then special emphasis is put on the working mechanisms, the progress of the development of new batteries, and how the electrolytes improve their performance. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
Priority effects in coral–macroalgae interactions can drive alternate community paths in the absence of top‐down control
Authors: Adam Thomas C. , Holbrook Sally J. , Burkepile Deron E. , Speare Kelly E. , Brooks Andrew J. , Ladd Mark C. , Shantz Andrew A. , Vega Thurber Rebecca , Schmitt Russell J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe outcomes of species interactions can vary greatly in time and space with the outcomes of some interactions determined by priority effects. On coral reefs, benthic algae rapidly colonize disturbed substrate. In the absence of top‐down control from herbivorous fishes, these algae can inhibit the recruitment of reef‐building corals, leading to a persistent phase shift to a macroalgae‐dominated state. Yet, corals may also inhibit colonization by macroalgae, and therefore the effects of herbivores on algal communities may be strongest following disturbances that reduce coral cover. Here, we report the results from experiments conducted on the fore reef of Moorea, French Polynesia, where we: (1) tested the ability of macroalgae to invade coral‐dominated and coral‐depauperate communities under different levels of herbivory, (2) explored the ability of juvenile corals (Pocillopora spp.) to suppress macroalgae, and (3) quantified the direct and indirect effects of fish herbivores and corallivores on juvenile corals. We found that macroalgae proliferated when herbivory was low but only in recently disturbed communities where coral cover was also low. When coral cover was <10%, macroalgae increased 20‐fold within 1 year under reduced herbivory conditions relative to high herbivory controls. Yet, when coral cover was high (50%), macroalgae were suppressed irrespective of the level of herbivory despite ample space for algal colonization. Once established in communities with low herbivory and low coral cover, macroalgae suppressed recruitment of coral larvae, reducing the capacity for coral replenishment. However, when we experimentally established small juvenile corals (2 cm diameter) following a disturbance, juvenile corals inhibited macroalgae from invading local neighborhoods, even in the absence of herbivores, indicating a strong priority effect in macroalgae–coral interactions. Surprisingly, fishes that initially facilitated coral recruitment by controlling algae had a net negative effect on juvenile corals via predation. Corallivores reduced the growth rates of corals exposed to fishes by ~30% relative to fish exclosures, despite increased competition with macroalgae within the exclosures. These results highlight that different processes are important for structuring coral reef ecosystems at different successional stages and underscore the need to consider multiple ecological processes and historical contingencies to predict coral community dynamics.
Improving naive B cell isolation by absence of CD45RB glycosylation and CD27 expression in combination with BCR isotype
Authors: Koers Jana , Pollastro Sabrina , Tol Simon , Niewold Ilse T.G. , van Schouwenburg Pauline A. , de Vries Niek , Rispens Theo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn past years ex vivo and in vivo experimental approaches involving human naive B cells have proven fundamental for elucidation of mechanisms promoting B cell differentiation in both health and disease. For such studies, it is paramount that isolation strategies yield a population of bona fide naive B cells, i.e., B cells that are phenotypically and functionally naive, clonally non‐expanded, and have non‐mutated BCR variable regions. In this study different combinations of common as well as recently identified B cell markers were compared to isolate naive B cells from human peripheral blood. High‐throughput BCR sequencing was performed to analyze levels of somatic hypermutation and clonal expansion. Additionally, contamination from mature mutated B cells intrinsic to each cell‐sorting strategy was evaluated and how this impacts the purity of obtained populations. Our results show that current naive B cell isolation strategies harbor contamination from non‐naive B cells, and use of CD27‐IgD+ is adequate but can be improved by including markers for CD45RB glycosylation and IgM. The finetuning of naive B cell classification provided herein will harmonize research lines using naive B cells, and will improve B cell profiling during health and disease, e.g. during diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination strategies.
Severe low back or lower limb pain is associated with recurrent falls among older Australians
Authors: Tse Amy Wing Wai , Ward Stephanie , McNeil John J. , Barker Anna , Cicuttini Flavia , Fitzgibbon Bernadette Mary , Hussain Sultana Monira , Owen Alice , Wang Yuanyuan , Wolfe Rory , Gilmartin‐Thomas Julia Fiona‐Maree 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have explored the impact of low back or lower limb pain severity on recurrent (≥2) falls in older adults.ObjectivesInvestigate the association between the severity of low back or lower limb pain, and ≥2 falls or falls‐related injuries.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling Australian males and females in the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP), aged ≥70 years. Self‐reported, cross‐sectional questionnaire data regarding number of falls and falls‐related injuries in the last 12 months; and sites and severity of pain experienced on most days. Adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated from multivariable Poisson regression models, for males and females separately.ResultsOf 14,892 ALSOP participants, 13% (n = 1983) reported ≥2 falls (‘recurrent fallers’) in the last 12 months. Males and females who reported severe low back, or severe lower limb pain on most days were more likely to report ≥2 falls in the last 12 months compared to those with mild pain (lower back: males RR = 1.70 and females RR = 1.5, p = 0.001; lower limb: males RR = 2.0, p < 0.001 and females RR = 1.4, p = 0.003). Female recurrent fallers who reported severe low back (RR = 1.3, p = 0.029) or lower limb (RR = 1.2, p = 0.024) pain on most days were more likely to report a falls‐related injury in the last 12 months compared to females with mild pain.ConclusionSevere low back or lower limb pain was associated with an increased likelihood of recurrent falls (males/females) or falls‐related injuries (females only). Assessment of severe low back and lower limb pain should be considered as a priority when undertaking falls‐risk evaluation.SignificanceSevere low back pain, or severe lower limb pain is associated with an increased likelihood of recurrent falls in older males and females, and an increased likelihood of falls‐related injuries in older female recurrent fallers. Assessment and management of severe low back and lower limb pain should be prioritized when undertaking falls‐risk assessment. Future longitudinal research is required to further interrogate this relationship and its underlying mechanisms.
A cross‐sectional study of the FDA approved indications and supporting pivotal trials of small‐molecular kinase inhibitors in cancer therapies with the biomarker of cancer driver gene
Authors: Huang Yafang , Xiong Weiyi , Ma Li , Wu Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCancer precision medicine with biomarker of cancer driver gene (CDG) has been achieved by many small‐molecular kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Publicly available FDA documents were collected for all SMKI cancer drugs approved between January 2001 and December 2021. Characteristics of indication and pivotal trial were compared. We identified 62 SMKI cancer drugs with 150 indications approved by the FDA between 2001 and 2021. Of these, 55 indications (36.7%) were CDG biomarker‐directed. There was a significant increase of 20.5% per year in the number of approved CDG biomarker‐directed indications. CDG biomarker‐directed indications were associated with significantly higher odds in receiving accelerated approval (odds ratio [OR] = 2.728; 95% CI, 1.246‐5.973; P = .012), designating orphan drug (OR = 3.952; 95% CI, 1.758‐8.883; P < .001), initial submission of the application (OR = 2.246; 95% CI, 1.063‐4.746; P = .034) and in solid cancer (OR = 7.613; 95% CI, 2.958‐19.590; P < .001), and were associated with significantly lower odds in using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (OR = 0.103; 95% CI, 0.032‐0.338; P < .001) with less number of entered patients (OR = 0.998; 95% CI, 0.997‐1.000; P = .048). The number of CDG biomarker‐directed indications in approved SMKIs increased significantly in past two decades, with higher proportion of approvals using special expedited development and approval pathways at the FDA. Further RCTs should be conducted to prove long‐term effectiveness and safety.
Optical coherence tomography evaluation of vaginal epithelial thickness during CO2 laser treatment: A pilot study
Authors: Miao Yusi , Sudol Neha T. , Li Yan , Chen Jason J. , Arthur Rebecca A. , Qiu Saijun , Jiang Yuchen , Tadir Yona , Lane Felicia , Chen Zhongping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) negatively affects more than half of postmenopausal women. Energy‐based therapy has been explored as a minimally invasive treatment for GSM; however, its mechanism of action and efficacy is controversial. Here, we report on a pilot imaging study conducted on a small group of menopause patients undergoing laser treatment. Intravaginal optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscope was used to quantitatively monitor the changes in the vaginal epithelial thickness (VET) during fractional‐pixel CO2 laser treatment. Eleven patients with natural menopause and one surgically induced menopause patient were recruited in this clinical study. Following the laser treatment, 6 out of 11 natural menopause patient showed increase in both proximal and distal VET, while two natural menopause patient showed increase in VET in only one side of vaginal tract. Furthermore, the patient group that showed increased VET had thinner baseline VET compared to the patients that showed decrease in VET after laser treatment. These results demonstrate the potential utility of intravaginal OCT endoscope in evaluating the vaginal tissue integrity and tailoring vaginal laser treatment on a per‐person basis, with the potential to monitor other treatment procedures.
Synthesis and antibacterial potential of Loranthus pulverulentus conjugated silver nanoparticles
Authors: Subhani Muhammad Ali , Irshad Muhammad , Nazir Asma , Hafeez Muhammad , Ali Shaukat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe green method is not only harmonious to our environment but saves time and is comparatively cheaper than other methods. The current study is aimed to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the green method by using the leaves of Loranthus pulverulentus Wall (LPW) which functioned as a reducing as well as capping agent. The synthesis of biogenic AgNPs was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis.), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The absorbance maxima of the synthesized AgNPs were observed in the range of 405–435 nm. The SEM was used to find out the size and shape of the synthesized AgNPs, which revealed that the NPs were rectangular having sizes from 05 to 16 nm. XRD revealed that the synthesized NPs were crystalline and face‐centered cubic (FCC). EDX analysis reflected the elemental composition of the synthesized product and showed that the percentage of silver = 92. FTIR was used to confirm the functional groups responsible for the reduction and stabilization of silver ions. It revealed that biomolecules present in plant extract were responsible for the reduction and stabilization of silver ions. The effect of temperature, pH, reaction time, silver nitrate concentration, and plant extract concentration on the synthesis of AgNPs were also investigated. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against four bacterial strains which showed strong antibacterial activity. We conclude that biogenic silver nanoparticles could be used as antibacterial agents to treat various diseases.Research Highlights
Loranthus pulverulentus Wall leaf extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Effects of pH 3, 4, 6, 9, and 11, reaction time 5, 10, 20, 40 min, 1, 2, and 3 h, temperature 30, 40, 50, 60°C, silver nitrate concentration 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mM and plant extract concentration 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g on the AgNPs synthesis were also studied
Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a small size of synthesized silver nanoparticles (8 nm).
The synthesized silver nanoparticles were found effective against various bacterial pathogens.
Swimming and respiration in cyclopoid copepods Thermocyclops oithonoides and Oithona davisae and calanoid copepod Paracalanus parvus
Authors: Svetlichny Leonid , Rudi Strickler Johann , Obertegger Ulrike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCyclopoid and calanoid copepods differ in how they move. Cyclopoid copepods use the thoracic legs for cruise and escape swimming while most calanoid copepods use the cephalic appendages for cruise swimming and the thoracic legs for escape reactions. Apart from this gross difference, little is known on the comparative aspects of the locomotor function of copepod appendages. This study investigated the main kinematic patterns of cruise and escape swimming of two small cyclopoid copepods, Thermocyclops oithonoides and Oithona davisae, and a small calanoid copepod, Paracalanus parvus, by video filming at a frame rate of up to 1200 frames/s. During escape swimming, O. davisae and the twice as large P. parvus showed similar movement, jumping at a frequency of 150 Hz and moving at 12 cm s−1; however, at a lower jump frequency (∼100 Hz), the cyclopoid T. oithonoides showed an almost two times faster escape swimming than that of P. parvus which has the same body size. This higher speed can be linked to the greater role of the longer abdomen for the flopping strokes in T. oithonoides. In accordance with the Arrhenius law, the kinematic parameters of cruise and escape swimming of T. oithonoides showed temperature dependence in the range of 6.5–27°С. At a temperature of about 20°C, the respiration rate of O. davisae and P. parvus was 1.6 times higher (i.e., ∼1.5 µg O2 mg−1 h−1) than in T. oithonoides during normal swimming; however, in the swarming state, the respiration rate of T. oithonoides increased 3.4 times to 3.0 µg O2 mg−1 h−1, which was nine times higher than the respiratory rate of anesthetized individuals of this species. Based on the speed and duration of locomotor acts, the cyclopoid T. oithonoides consumed about the same amount of respiratory energy as the calanoid P. parvus, but the mechanical energy required for movement in jumps mode was 1.5 times higher.
Polynomial bounds for chromatic number. III. Excluding a double star
Authors: Scott Alex , Seymour Paul , Spirkl Sophie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA “double star” is a tree with two internal vertices. It is known that the Gyárfás–Sumner conjecture holds for double stars, that is, for every double star , there is a function such that if does not contain as an induced subgraph then (where are the chromatic number and the clique number of ). Here we prove that can be chosen to be a polynomial.
On the hamiltonicity of a planar graph and its vertex‐deleted subgraphs
Authors: Zamfirescu Carol T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTutte proved that every planar 4‐connected graph is hamiltonian. Thomassen showed that the same conclusion holds for the superclass of planar graphs with minimum degree at least 4 in which all vertex‐deleted subgraphs are hamiltonian. We here prove that if in a planar ‐vertex graph with minimum degree at least 4 at least vertex‐deleted subgraphs are hamiltonian, then the graph contains two hamiltonian cycles, but that for every there exists a nonhamiltonian polyhedral ‐vertex graph with minimum degree at least 4 containing hamiltonian vertex‐deleted subgraphs. Furthermore, we study the hamiltonicity of planar triangulations and their vertex‐deleted subgraphs as well as Bondy's meta‐conjecture, and prove that a polyhedral graph with minimum degree at least 4 in which all vertex‐deleted subgraphs are traceable, must itself be traceable.
Machine Learning Prediction of Collagen Fiber Orientation and Proteoglycan Content From Multiparametric Quantitative MRI in Articular Cartilage
Authors: Mirmojarabian Seyed Amir , Kajabi Abdul Wahed , Ketola Juuso H. J. , Nykänen Olli , Liimatainen Timo , Nieminen Miika T. , Nissi Mikko J. , Casula Victor 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMachine learning models trained with multiparametric quantitative MRIs (qMRIs) have the potential to provide valuable information about the structural composition of articular cartilage.PurposeTo study the performance and feasibility of machine learning models combined with qMRIs for noninvasive assessment of collagen fiber orientation and proteoglycan content.Study TypeRetrospective, animal model.Animal ModelAn open‐source single slice MRI dataset obtained from 20 samples of 10 Shetland ponies (seven with surgically induced cartilage lesions followed by treatment and three healthy controls) yielded to 1600 data points, including 10% for test and 90% for train validation.Field Strength/SequenceA 9.4 T MRI scanner/qMRI sequences: T1, T2, adiabatic T1ρ and T2ρ, continuous‐wave T1ρ and relaxation along a fictitious field (TRAFF) maps.AssessmentFive machine learning regression models were developed: random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), gradient boosting (GB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). A nested cross‐validation was used for performance evaluation. For reference, proteoglycan content and collagen fiber orientation were determined by quantitative histology from digital densitometry (DD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM), respectively.Statistical TestsNormality was tested using Shapiro–Wilk test, and association between predicted and measured values was evaluated using Spearman's Rho test. A P‐value of 0.05 was considered as the limit of statistical significance.ResultsFour out of the five models (RF, GB, MLP, and GPR) yielded high accuracy (R2 = 0.68–0.75 for PLM and 0.62–0.66 for DD), and strong significant correlations between the reference measurements and predicted cartilage matrix properties (Spearman's Rho = 0.72–0.88 for PLM and 0.61–0.83 for DD). GPR algorithm had the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.75 and 0.66) and lowest prediction‐error (root mean squared [RMSE] = 1.34 and 2.55) for PLM and DD, respectively.Data ConclusionMultiparametric qMRIs in combination with regression models can determine cartilage compositional and structural features, with higher accuracy for collagen fiber orientation than proteoglycan content.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2