bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the causes of non‐tolerance to new spectacles and how can they be avoided?
Authors: Beesley Jeremy , Davey Christopher J , Elliott David B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate non‐tolerance cases from several UK practices to determine their likely causes and how they might have been avoided.MethodsPatient complaint and refraction data were collected from non‐tolerance recheck examinations. For one practice, clinical data were also collected retrospectively to investigate the quality of the eye examinations.ResultsData for 279 rechecks were gathered from 10 practices and a recheck frequency of 2.3% was found. The mean patient age was 60 (SD 16) years, with cylinder changes responsible for 38% of prescription‐related causes of rechecks, overplusing or underminusing 26%, and underplusing or overminusing just 11%. An assessment of 242 recheck corrections found that 40% were unsatisfactory (e.g., failed to address initial or recheck symptoms, N = 45) and retrospective analysis of 217 case records showed many limitations (e.g., 61% or 28% recorded no uncorrected or habitual visual acuity (VA) at either initial examination or recheck).ConclusionsGiven that overplus‐underminus was a much bigger proportion of prescription‐related cases than overminus‐underplus (26% vs. 11%), the refraction mantra of “maximum plus for maximum VA” should be balanced by increased teaching of the problems of overplusing and underminusing, and the use of prescribing guidelines. In addition, continuing professional development regarding the basics of the recheck examination, refraction, visual acuity and prism determination is needed. Changes of oblique cylinders should be carefully considered in older patients as this is a common cause of non‐tolerance. In addition, if the “if it ain't broke, don't fix it” and related maxims had been applied to all patients who were asymptomatic at the original examination, one third of all non‐tolerance cases could have been avoided. Finally, it would seem appropriate for practices to develop a system to deal better with non‐tolerance cases. Perhaps an experienced clinician should examine all patients with non‐tolerance and provide feedback to the original clinician.
Down syndrome and the autonomic nervous system, an educational review for the anesthesiologist
Authors: Sinton Jamie W. , Cooper David S. , Wiley Susan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApproximately one in every 700 babies in the United States is born with Down syndrome, or 0.14%. Children with Down syndrome have cognitive impairment and congenital malformations necessitating frequent occurrences of general anesthesia and surgery. The thoughtful perioperative care of children with Down syndrome is relevant and acutely complex for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Behavior, sedation, hypotonia, upper airway obstruction, venous access, and bradycardia are omnipresent concerns apart from the surgical pathology. Down syndrome is also associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction, a comorbidity that is overlooked in discussions of perioperative care and is described thus far in adults. Autonomic nervous system function or dysfunction may explain the phenotypical features of the perioperative challenges listed above. For this reason, understanding the development and measurement of autonomic nervous system function is important for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Definition and quantification of sympathetic and parasympathetic function will be reviewed.
A metalinguistic and computational approach to the problem of mathematical omniscience
Authors: Soysal Zeynep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I defend the metalinguistic solution to the problem of mathematical omniscience for the possible‐worlds account of propositions by combining it with a computational model of knowledge and belief. The metalinguistic solution states that the objects of belief and ignorance in mathematics are relations between mathematical sentences and what they express. The most pressing problem for the metalinguistic strategy is that it still ascribes too much mathematical knowledge under the standard possible‐worlds model of knowledge and belief on which these are closed under entailment. I first argue that Stalnaker's fragmentation strategy is insufficient to solve this problem. I then develop an alternative, computational strategy: I propose a model of mathematical knowledge and belief adapted from the algorithmic model of Halpern et al. which, when combined with the metalinguistic strategy, entails that mathematical knowledge and belief require computational abilities to access metalinguistic information, and thus aren't closed under entailment. As I explain, the computational model generalizes beyond mathematics to a version of the functionalist theory of knowledge and belief that motivates the possible‐worlds account in the first place. I conclude that the metalinguistic and computational strategies yield an attractive functionalist, possible‐worlds account of mathematical content, knowledge, and inquiry.
Advocacy coalitions, beliefs, and learning: An analysis of stability, change, and reinforcement
Authors: Weible Christopher M. , Olofsson Kristin L. , Heikkila Tanya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolicy processes are ongoing phenomena without beginning or end. Accordingly, a major focus of research has been on questions of stability and change. This paper continues in this tradition by examining advocacy coalition stability, belief change, and learning. This paper draws on three waves of policy actor surveys that compare panel and non‐panel samples. The data were collected in 2013, 2015, and 2017 in the context of oil and gas development in Colorado, USA. The findings mostly confirm that coalitions and beliefs tend to be stable and that learning leans toward reinforcement rather than change in beliefs. However, although rare, some instances of belief change, change in coalition membership, and changing policy positions occur. This paper makes theoretical and empirical contributions to the study of stability, change, and reinforcement of advocacy coalitions and their beliefs and charges policy scholars to look more at the exceptions to the evidence rather than the confirmations.
Multiscale model of the physiological control of myocardial perfusion to delineate putative metabolic feedback mechanisms
Authors: Gharahi Hamidreza , Figueroa C. Alberto , Tune Johnathan D. , Beard Daniel A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronary blood flow is tightly regulated to ensure that myocardial oxygen delivery meets local metabolic demand via the concurrent action of myogenic, neural and metabolic mechanisms. Although several competing hypotheses exist, the specific nature of the local metabolic mechanism(s) remains poorly defined. To gain insights into the viability of putative metabolic feedback mechanisms and into the co‐ordinated action of parallel regulatory mechanisms, we applied a multiscale modelling framework to analyse experimental data on coronary pressure, flow and myocardial oxygen delivery in the porcine heart in vivo. The modelling framework integrates a previously established lumped‐parameter model of myocardial perfusion used to account for transmural haemodynamic variations and a simple vessel mechanics model used to simulate the vascular tone in each of three myocardial layers. Vascular tone in the resistance vessel mechanics model is governed by input stimuli from the myogenic, metabolic and autonomic control mechanisms. Seven competing formulations of the metabolic feedback mechanism are implemented in the modelling framework, and associated model simulations are compared with experimental data on coronary pressures and flows under a range of experimental conditions designed to interrogate the governing control mechanisms. Analysis identifies a maximally probable metabolic mechanism among the seven tested models, in which production of a metabolic signalling factor is proportional to myocardial oxygen consumption and delivery is proportional to flow. Finally, the identified model is validated based on comparisons of simulations with data on the myocardial perfusion response to conscious exercise that were not used for model identification.Key points
Although several competing hypotheses exist, we lack knowledge of specific nature of the metabolic mechanism(s) governing regional myocardial perfusion.
Moreover, we lack an understanding of how parallel myogenic, adrenergic/autonomic and metabolic mechanisms work together to regulatory oxygen delivery in the beating heart.
We have developed a multiscale modelling framework to test competing hypotheses against experimental data on coronary pressure, flow and myocardial oxygen delivery in the porcine heart in vivo.
The analysis identifies a maximally probable metabolic mechanism among seven tested models, in which the production of a metabolic signalling factor is proportional to myocardial oxygen consumption and delivery is proportional to flow.
Residual Stresses in Cold Extruded Aluminum
Authors: Frisch J. , Thomsen E. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 1.5-in-diam cylindrical bar was extruded at room temperature from an 1100-0 (2S-O) aluminum 4.3-in-diam billet. Residual compressive stresses in the longitudinal direction were found to exist on the surface of the extruded bar. These stresses, as determined from the axially relaxed stresses in the billet during extruding, were found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimentally determined residual stresses as found by Sachs’ boring-out method. The severeness of work hardening at the edge of the die, found from the hardness pattern on the sectioned partially extruded billet, was in close agreement with the distribution of natural strains obtained under the same conditions of extrusion.
Flow Sampling and Discharge Measurement in Geothermal Bores
Authors: Banwell C. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The development of a sampler for measuring the heat and mass discharges of steam bores is described, and the results obtained in a number of test runs are compared with those given by full-scale separating and metering equipment. The sampler also has been used to investigate the flow distribution across a free steam-water jet, and the results are shown in graphical form and some of their implications discussed.
How to Obtain Describing Functions for Nonlinear Feedback Systems
Authors: Klotter Karl 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A method is presented by which Describing Functions for nonlinear elements, whose behavior is defined by nonlinear differential equations (as contrasted with nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables themselves), can be obtained immediately (without first solving the differential equations). The method is applied to feedback systems containing one linear and one nonlinear element each described by a second-order differential equation.
Effect of Axial Fluid Conduction on Heat Transfer in the Entrance Regions of Parallel Plates and Tubes
Authors: Schneider P. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The laminar heat transfer in thermal-entry regions of parallel plates and tubes is investigated for special conditions under which the contribution of axial fluid conduction is comparable to or greater than the axial convection (low Peclet numbers). Zero and finite axial-conduction solutions for the local and mean fluid temperature and the local total Nusselt number are presented for uniform-velocity flow, finite wall resistance, and for both a uniform ambient temperature and step discontinuity in the ambient temperature. Calculated mean fluid temperatures, local total Nusselt numbers, and thermal-entry lengths are compared with corresponding predictions for the conventional case of zero axial conduction.
Experimental Studies of Free Convection Heat Transfer in a Vertical Tube With Uniform Wall Heat Flux
Authors: Hartnett J. P. , Welsh W. E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The heat-transfer performance of water in a vertical tube closed at the bottom, with a length-radius ratio of 21 was experimentally determined for the case of uniform heat flux. The average performance was found to agree with the uniform wall-temperature results of Martin. This suggests that the uniform wall-temperature results of Martin for other fluids and other length-radius ratios may be utilized to predict the average performance for the uniform heat-flux boundary conditions.
An Investigation of Thermal-Stress Fatigue as Related to High-Temperature Piping Flexibility
Authors: Coffin L. F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper is a summary report of a co-operative research investigation extending earlier work on the thermal-stress-fatigue resistance of AISI Type 347 stainless steel. The investigation was to provide additional qualitative experimental support of the concept of fatigue design based on an allowable stress range which is embodied in the ASA-B31.1 Code Rules for Piping Flexibility Design. Two specific objectives were established, together with the findings of this research: (a) Investigation of the effect of cycling which produces tensile rather than compressive stress under the hot condition. It was found that there was no significant difference. (b) Investigation of the effect of reducing the net mechanical strain range for a given temperature range to a point approaching the design strains for a piping system. While the temperature range was held constant, the trend of reducing the net mechanical strain range was to increase the number of cycles to failure similar to that obtained when the net mechanical strain range was reduced by lowering the temperature range under full constraint. In addition, for the same mechanical strain range, widening the temperature range decreased the number of cycles to failure.
International Council for Coaching Excellence Position Statement “Professionalisation of Sport Coaching as a Global Process of Continuous Improvement”
Authors: Lara-Bercial Sergio , Bales John , North Julian , Petrovic Ladislav , Calvo Guillermo 
Published: February 2022

The contribution that sport coaches make to society has received growing recognition among policy-makers over the last decade. Sport coaching is no longer only associated with professional and Olympic sport, trophies, and medals, and it is regularly proposed as an activity that contributes to the development of individuals, communities, and societies. Unfortunately, sport coaching has also been associated with negative outcomes, such as institutionalized doping, abuse of athletes, and match fixing. The level of scrutiny and expectations on coaches are higher than ever, and, therefore, more and more countries and sport organizations are examining how coaches are currently recruited, educated, developed, supported, employed, represented, and recognized. In the current landscape, the need to review the existing International Council for Coaching Excellence position statement on “Sport Coaching as a Profession,” written in 2011, is paramount. The 2021 position statement takes into account policy, practice, and research developments over the last decade to propose a way forward for sport coaching over the next 10 years.
Lung directed antibody gene transfer confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Du Yue , Miah Kamran M , Habib Omar , Meyer-Berg Helena , Conway Catriona C , Viegas Mariana A , Dean Rebecca , Satyapertiwi Dwiantari , Zhao Jincun , Wang Yanqun , Temperton Nigel J , Gamlen Toby P E , Gill Deborah R , Hyde Stephen C 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a worldwide threat and effective antiviral drugs and vaccines are being developed in a joint global effort. However, some elderly and immune-compromised populations are unable to raise an effective immune response against traditional vaccines.AimsWe hypothesised that passive immunity engineered by the in vivo expression of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), an approach termed vectored-immunoprophylaxis (VIP), could offer sustained protection against COVID-19 in all populations irrespective of their immune status or age.MethodsWe developed three key reagents to evaluate VIP for SARS-CoV-2: (i) we engineered standard laboratory mice to express human ACE2 via rAAV9 in vivo gene transfer, to allow in vivo assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, (ii) to simplify in vivo challenge studies, we generated SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviral vectors as a simple mimic of authentic SARS-CoV-2 that could be used under standard laboratory containment conditions and (iii) we developed in vivo gene transfer vectors to express anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs.ConclusionsA single intranasal dose of rAAV9 or rSIV.F/HN vectors expressing anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 mimic infection in the lower respiratory tract of hACE2-expressing mice. If translated, the VIP approach could potentially offer a highly effective, long-term protection against COVID-19 for highly vulnerable populations; especially immune-deficient/senescent individuals, who fail to respond to conventional SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The in vivo expression of multiple anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs could enhance protection and prevent rapid mutational escape.
Laser acupuncture for claudication symptoms in peripheral artery disease — Does it work? A randomized trial
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Mahdi , Abdel-Aziz Hasnaa Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) receives little attention despite its clinical consequences. Intermittent claudication is the most disturbing symptom of the disease resulting in marked limitations to functional walking performance. Treadmill walking exercise is the first-line non-pharmacological treatment in PAD; however, older patients may be unable to exercise because of the functional disability of the disease itself or deconditioning. Objective: In an attempt to seek an alternative intervention, this study aimed to assess the effect of laser acupuncture on patient-reported claudication symptoms and walk performance in PAD. Methods: Thirty male patients with PAD were assigned randomly to a control group ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] years old, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2) or a study group ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] years old, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg/m2). Inclusion criteria were mild-to-moderate PAD, Fontaine stage II, unilateral or bilateral claudications, and older men. Exclusion criteria were asymptomatic PAD, resting pain, severe or critical limb ischemia, ischemic ulcers, and patients contraindicated for laser therapy. Both groups received pharmacological treatment, but only the study group received gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser therapy at nine acupuncture points, namely, Liver 2 (LV2), Stomach 41 (ST41), Urinary bladder 40 (UB40), UB60, UB61, Gall bladder 30 (GB30), GB34, GB38, and GB40 for 2 days/week and five consecutive weeks. A pen-type laser device was used at a wavelength of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, with a power output of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mW, a spot size of 0.08[Formula: see text]cm2, and an energy density of 2[Formula: see text]J/cm2, for 60[Formula: see text]s/point. The Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire (ECQ) and the 6-min walk distance (6-MWD) were the endpoints of the study. The McNemar–Bowker Test and Generalized Estimating Equations Ordinal Logistic Regression Model were used for the within- and between-group statistical analyses of the categorical data of ECQ, respectively; and a mixed model MANOVA was used for the within- and between-group analyses of the 6-MWD data. Results: There was a significant improvement in patients’ response to ECQ only in the study group compared to the baseline ([Formula: see text]) and the controls ([Formula: see text]) after the intervention. The 6-MWD increased significantly in the study group compared to the baseline ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m versus [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, [Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The GaAlAs laser acupuncture applied at selected acupoints may be a promising intervention complementary to drug therapy that could help relieve claudication symptoms and improve physical functional performance in older men with PAD (Fontaine stage II). Trials were conducted under the Trial Registration No. PACTR201912698539774.
Glossifungites
suites and tubular tempestites in Devonian shallow-marine deposits from Paraná Basin
Authors: Sedorko Daniel , Netto Renata G. , Villegas-Martín Jorge , Dasgupta Sudipta , Tognoli Francisco M. W. , Plantz Josiane , Carelli Thiago , Borghi Leonardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The
Glossifungites
ichnofacies can be a signature of allogenic processes that demark omission, exhumation and ravinement, or indicate autogenic processes impacting several depositional scenarios such as incised valleys, submarine gullies and canyons, erosive shorefaces, tidal channels and dewatered muddy substrates. Comparatively, autogenic surfaces demarked by the
Glossifungites
ichnofacies have been less studied than allogenic surfaces. In this study case, we interpret the examples from the transitional offshore to offshore deposits of the Devonian Ponta Grossa Formation (Paraná Basin, southern Brazil) as tubular tempestites. They are commonly associated with the initial phase of the transgressive systems tract when the shallow-marine environment becomes starved of sediment supply. Those occurrences are mostly characterized by
Thalassinoides
and less frequently by
Palaeophycus
,
Skolithos
and
Rhizocorallium
, with sharp to irregular walls, passive filling and descending from an erosive surface. In offshore deposits, the erosive surface can be obliterated, making the
Glossifungites
suite the unique evidence of storm processes (e.g. tubular tempestites). The results also highlight some differences between autogenic and allogenic
Glossifungites
from the Ponta Grossa Formation and demonstrate that the few levels with allogenic
Glossifungites
suites represent coplanar surfaces coupling sequence boundaries and transgressive surfaces developed in the early stages of transgressive systems tracts.
PathTracer: Understanding Response Time of Signal Processing Applications on Heterogeneous MPSoCs
Authors: Rubattu Claudio , Palumbo Francesca , Bhattacharyya Shuvra S. , Pelcat Maxime 
Published: February 2022

In embedded and cyber-physical systems, the design of a desired functionality under constraints increasingly requires parallel execution of a set of tasks on a heterogeneous architecture. The nature of such parallel systems complicates the process of understanding and predicting performance in terms of response time. Indeed, response time depends on many factors related to both the functionality and the target architecture. State-of-the-art strategies derive response time by examining the operations required by each task for both processing and accessing shared resources. This procedure is often followed by the addition or elimination of potential interference due to task concurrency. However, such approaches require an advanced knowledge of the software and hardware details, rarely available in practice.
This work presents an alternative “top-down” strategy, called PathTracer, aimed at understanding software response time and extending the cases in which it can be analyzed and estimated. PathTracer leverages on dataflow-based application representation and response time estimation of signal processing applications mapped on heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems-on-a-Chip (MPSoCs). Experimental results demonstrate that PathTracer provides (i) information on the nature of the application (work-dominated, span-dominated, or balanced parallel), and (ii) response time modeling which can reach high accuracy when performed post-execution, leading to prediction errors with average and standard deviation under 5% and 3% respectively.