bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of ultrasonography in evaluation of perianal fistula—A study of 200 cases
Authors: Kachare Manohar , Khan Alamgir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of transrectal, transvaginal, or transperineal ultrasound (US) in evaluation of perianal fistula and to assess the possibility of its role as a first‐line investigation for diagnosis and for follow‐up as well as a possible substitute for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of 200 patients. All the patients complaining of discharging wound, acute or chronic pain in the perianal region and patients suspected clinically having perianal sinus/fistula, referred for ultrasound evaluation were included in the study. Male patients were scanned by transrectal and transperineal ultrasound, and females by transrectal, transvaginal and transperineal approach. All the patients were followed up with referring surgeon till surgical cure, discharge, and follow‐up. Out of total 200 patients, 47 were female and 153 were male patients. Patients were in age range from 16 to 74 years. The path, direction, extent, diameter and internal branching and openings of tracts were recorded. Presence, location and extent of any collection/abscess was also noted.ResultsFistulae and sinus tracts are seen as hypo to anechoic tracts ranging from 2 to 10 mm in diameter. Air and mixed echogenic moving collection were noted in active tracts. Fibrous tracts were seen as well defined, echogenic structures. Depending on the chronicity and localization, walls of abscesses appeared ill defined or well defined. Findings of transrectal, transvaginal, and transperineal USG were confirmed with intraoperative findings in 200 cases. Out of which 148 patients were followed up clinically till tracts were closed. In 54 patients, there was recurrence that were operated again and followed up with ultrasound. In total 33 had internal collection along the tracts and in the perianal region.ConclusionTransrectal, transvaginal, and perineal ultrasound together have the potential to reach the sensitivity of MRI. Ultrasound has its greatest advantage in being cheap, easily reproducible and an excellent modality for follow‐up.
Oral health literacy education and practice in US dental hygiene programs: A national survey
Authors: Lawler Heather M. , Farrell Chris , Fitzgerald Mark , Jones Darlene , Cullen Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesStudies have shown a significant relationship between low oral health literacy (OHL) and poor oral health outcomes. National calls for action include better training of dental providers to meet the needs of the low OHL public. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent OHL education is being included in US dental hygiene (DH) education programs.MethodsIn fall of 2020, a 23‐item digital survey was sent to 321 Commission on Dental Accreditation‐accredited DH schools in the US.ResultsSurvey generated 90 eligible responses (28%). Respondents reported that OHL education is being included in DH curricula to some degree. Communication strategies (82.4%) were the most likely OHL concept to be taught. Subject areas included community health (89%), cultural competency (78%), and special populations (78%). Respondents ranked lack of assessment instruments, lack of concrete activities, lack of clear understanding of OHL, and difficulty in implementing OHL concepts as the top barriers to incorporating OHL education in the DH curriculum.Conclusion(s)OHL is an established determinant of oral health. As prevention and patient education experts, dental hygienists play an important role in improving patient OHL. More fully integrating OHL into DH curricula would provide future DHs with the training needed to improve oral health outcomes and would better align DH education programs with national OHL initiatives.
Influence of different education approaches on the implantation performance of dental practitioners in aesthetic zone
Authors: Wu Fan , Liu Lipeng , Zhao Yuqing , Wu Gaoyi , Chen Lei , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of different education approaches on the implantation performance (operation time, three‐dimensional deviation) of inexperienced operators.MethodsEighteen students who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to traditional training group or digital training group. After training, the average operation time and implant deviation (platform deviation, apex deviation, and angle deviation) of the two groups were calculated by Student's t‐test. A self‐developed questionnaire was used to evaluate the students’ grasp of clinical knowledge and skill.ResultCompared with the traditional training group, the duration of implant installation and temporary prosthesis placement of the digital training group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The implant deviation of the digital training group was lower than that of the traditional training group. The apex deviation (p = 0.015) and angle deviation (p = 0.015) significantly improved with digital training, but differences in platform deviation (p = 0.065) were not statistically significant. The questionnaire survey showed that the overall perception of the inexperienced operators in the digital training group was better than that in the traditional training group.ConclusionIn the hands of inexperienced operators, digital training reduced the operation time and improved the implant accuracy in comparison with traditional training.
Antioxidative properties of fish roe peptides combined with polyphenol on the fish oil oleogel
Authors: Zhang Huadan , Yang Xinyi , Zhong Rongbin , Huo Yuming , Zhu Yujie , Liang Peng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to investigate the effects of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) roe protein hydrolysate (LYCPH)–polyphenol (catechin (CA), gallic acid (GA), and tannic acid (TA)) conjugates on the oxidative stability of fish oil in an oleogel system.RESULTSScanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the LYCPH–polyphenol conjugates were nearly spherical and non‐covalent and that covalent effects could coexist between LYCPH and polyphenols. LYCPH–TA exhibited the highest ABTS scavenging, reducing capacities, and emulsifying stability. Raman spectra and chemometrics revealed that LYCPH–TA loaded with oleogels had the best oxidative stability. Additionally, 32 volatile compounds were identified in fish oil by headspace gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry.CONCLUSIONOverall, this study demonstrated that fish oil oleogels loaded with LYCPH–polyphenol conjugates could inhibit fish oil oxidation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intervertebral disc degeneration and how it leads to low back pain
Authors: Diwan Ashish D. , Melrose James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has made invaluable contributions to the identification of molecular events occurring in and contributing to pain generation. IVD degeneration and associated spinal pain is a complex multifactorial process, its complexity poses difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic target to focus on of many potential candidates in the formulation of strategies to alleviate pain perception and to effect disc repair and regeneration and the prevention of associated neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Nerve ingrowth and increased numbers of nociceptors and mechanoreceptors in the degenerate IVD are mechanically stimulated in the biomechanically incompetent abnormally loaded degenerate IVD leading to increased generation of low back pain. Maintenance of a healthy IVD is, thus, an important preventative measure that warrants further investigation to preclude the generation of low back pain. Recent studies with growth and differentiation factor 6 in IVD puncture and multi‐level IVD degeneration models and a rat xenograft radiculopathy pain model have shown it has considerable potential in the prevention of further deterioration in degenerate IVDs, has regenerative properties that promote recovery of normal IVD architectural functional organization and inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators that lead to disc degeneration and the generation of low back pain. Human clinical trials are warranted and eagerly anticipated with this compound to assess its efficacy in the treatment of IVD degeneration and the prevention of the generation of low back pain.
Preparation of spherical silica hydroxyl‐functionalized covalent organic polymer composites for mixed‐mode liquid chromatography
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Xiang , Fan Kun , Luo Pan , Peng Huanjun , Peng Jingdong 
Published: November 2022

Covalent organic polymers are an emerging class of amorphous microporous materials that have raised increasing concerns in analytical chemistry due to their unique structural and surface chemical properties. However, the application of covalent organic polymers as mixed‐mode stationary phases in chromatographic separations has rarely been reported. Herein, novel spherical silica hydroxyl‐functionalized covalent organic polymer composites were successfully prepared via a layer‐by‐layer approach. The structure and morphology of the materials were carefully characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, and contact angle measurements. Baseline separations of various alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nucleosides and bases were achieved on the prepared stationary phase under reversed‐phase/hydrophilic interaction mode. The column efficiencies of 23 853 and 36 580 plates/m were obtained for butylbenzene and uracil, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of the retention time for continuous injections was less than 1.38% (n = 10), suggesting satisfactory column efficiency and repeatability. Additionally, this novel stationary phase realized the complete separation of the endocrine‐disrupting chemicals in river water. This work affords a new route for synthesizing covalent organic polymers‐based mixed‐mode stationary phase and further reveals their great potential in chromatographic separation.
Supramolecular Elastomers with Excellent Dielectric Properties and High Recyclability Based on the Coordinative Bond
Authors: Xu Yunfan , Lu Shilong , Wei Zengyue , Feng Shengyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe enhancement in dielectric properties and self‐healing ability for dielectric materials has been a challenging subject these years. Herein, a series of self‐healed dielectric elastomers by combining the ferric ions and carboxyl‐containing poly(sulfone siloxane)s is reported. Experimental results indicate the excellent dielectric properties of obtained elastomers, as the dielectric constant up to 12.8. SEM micrographs exhibit that carboxyl groups and ferric ions can aggregate together to generate clusters, which further result in interfacial polarization. Besides, high polarity dipole units including sulfonyl units and carboxyl groups contribute to dipole polarization. The overlay of the two mentioned polarization eventually results in the high dielectric property. The dielectric constant obviously increases with the contents of carboxyl groups and ferric ions. Moreover, the samples are feasible for recycling and reprocessing with high self‐healing efficiency, owing to the reversibility of the coordination bond. A self‐healing efficiency of 92.1% in tensile strength of the obtained samples can be reached after 2 h treatment at 60 °C. And the elastomers can also conveniently recover most mechanical properties after solution treatment. This work may offer a promising method for preparing dielectric elastomers with high dielectric properties and self‐healing ability.
Association Between Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐1 and Social Cognition in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Gil‐Polo Cecilia , Martinez‐Horta Saul‐Indra , Sampedro Santalo Frederic , Martín‐Palencia María , Gundín‐Menéndez Simón , Alvarez‐Baños Pilar , Maza‐Pereg Laura , Calvo Sara , Collazo Carla , Alonso‐García Esther , Riñones‐Mena Esther , Arrabal‐Alonso Angela , Núñez Rodriguez Juan , Saiz‐Rodriguez Miriam , Aguado Laura , Mariscal Natividad , Muñoz‐Siscart Ignacio , Piñeiro Dolores , Rivadeneyra Jessica , Diez‐Fairen Monica , Miguel‐Pérez Irene , Cubo Esther 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) seems to be involved in the neural circuits associated with social cognition and brain structure.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of IGF‐1 levels with social cognition and brain structure in Huntington's disease (HD).MethodsWe evaluated social cognition using the Ekman test in 22 HD patients and 19 matched controls. Brain structure was assessed using standard volume‐based voxel‐based morphometry and surface‐based cortical thickness pipeline. We analyzed the association of IGF‐1 levels with social cognition and brain structure using adjusted regression analysis.ResultsSocial cognition was worse in HD patients (P < 0.001), on antidopaminergic drugs (P = 0.02), and with lower IGF‐1 levels (P = 0.04). In neuroimaging analyses, lower IGF‐1 levels were associated with social cognition impairment and atrophy mainly in frontotemporal regions (P < 0.05 corrected).ConclusionsIn HD, abnormal IGF‐1 function seems to be associated with brain atrophy leading to clinical deficits in social cognition.
A review of fiber‐coupled atomic magnetometer
Authors: Liu Xuejing , Bi Weihong , Li Yang , Hu Yanhui , Chang Min , Zhang Xuedian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFiber‐coupled atomic magnetometer (AM) based on a spin‐exchange relaxation‐free (SERF) regime has been a promising candidate for cryogenic devices for traditional magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems, as it has a flexible structure and a small lateral section for biomedical applications. The principles, key technologies, and applications of fiber‐coupled AM based on the atomic spin effect are reviewed in this paper. The principle of fiber‐coupled AM is introduced, the characteristics of conventional and fiber‐coupled AMs are compared, and the development history and current situation are reviewed. In addition, according to the demands for MEG applications, the key technologies of fiber‐coupled AM are summarized, and the bottleneck problems and future development directions for weak magnetic measurement are analyzed.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy ‐ you can have your cake and eat it too!
Authors: Mohan Radhe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeArguably, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is one of the most important contributions by physicists in medicine to the treatment of cancer. It enabled the achievement of dose distributions that allowed treatment of targets to high doses and yet spared normal tissues to degrees previously considered virtually impossible. The concept underlying IMRT for photons, originally called “inverse planning,” was introduced by Anders Brahme in the early 1980s. Since then, many physicists have been conducting research to advance the state of the art, to overcome obstacles discovered and to develop tools and techniques to translate it clinically. IMRT was first implemented clinically the early 1990's. Soon thereafter, it was also incorporated into intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT), initially for protons and eventually for ions heavier than protons.MethodsIn IMRT, intensities of small segments or beamlets of multiple incident beams are optimized to produce the best approximation of desired dose distributions that deliver the requisite tumor dose and maximally spare normal tissues. Such dose distributions are delivered using dynamic multi‐leaf collimators whose leaves move continuously while the radiation is on or in a step‐and‐shoot fashion. For IMPT, there is an extra degree of freedom, that of energies of particle beamlets, which are part of the optimization process. IMPT dose distributions allow substantial additional sparing of normal tissues. They are delivered using scanning beams.ResultsIMRT and IMPT represents a true paradigm shift in the way cancer patients are treated. Their evolution, especially that of IMPT, is still ongoing, with new advancements being added continually. With the improving understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy, it is quite plausible that a combination of IMPT and immunotherapy will mature into one of the most effective ways of treating not just localized cancers but also systemic disease.
DeepCEST 7 T: Fast and homogeneous mapping of 7 T CEST MRI parameters and their uncertainty quantification
Authors: Hunger Leonie , Rajput Junaid R. , Klein Kiril , Mennecke Angelika , Fabian Moritz S. , Schmidt Manuel , Glang Felix , Herz Kai , Liebig Patrick , Nagel Armin M. , Scheffler Klaus , Dörfler Arnd , Maier Andreas , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: November 2022

PurposeIn this work, we investigated the ability of neural networks to rapidly and robustly predict Lorentzian parameters of multi‐pool CEST MRI spectra at 7 T with corresponding uncertainty maps to make them quickly and easily available for routine clinical use.MethodsWe developed a deepCEST 7 T approach that generates CEST contrasts from just 1 scan with robustness against B1 inhomogeneities. The input data for a neural feed‐forward network consisted of 7 T in vivo uncorrected Z‐spectra of a single B1 level, and a B1 map. The 7 T raw data were acquired using a 3D snapshot gradient echo multiple interleaved mode saturation CEST sequence. These inputs were mapped voxel‐wise to target data consisting of Lorentzian amplitudes generated conventionally by 5‐pool Lorentzian fitting of normalized, denoised, B0‐ and B1‐corrected Z‐spectra. The deepCEST network was trained with Gaussian negative log‐likelihood loss, providing an uncertainty quantification in addition to the Lorentzian amplitudes.ResultsThe deepCEST 7 T network provides fast and accurate prediction of all Lorentzian parameters also when only a single B1 level is used. The prediction was highly accurate with respect to the Lorentzian fit amplitudes, and both healthy tissues and hyperintensities in tumor areas are predicted with a low uncertainty. In corrupted cases, high uncertainty indicated wrong predictions reliably.ConclusionThe proposed deepCEST 7 T approach reduces scan time by 50% to now 6:42 min, but still delivers both B0‐ and B1‐corrected homogeneous CEST contrasts along with an uncertainty map, which can increase diagnostic confidence. Multiple accurate 7 T CEST contrasts are delivered within seconds.
Choreito, a Kampo medicine attenuates detrusor overactivity and bladder pain symptoms in rat tranilast‐induced interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome‐like model
Authors: Tokita Yohei , Sugaya Kimio , Nishijima Saori , Tsuchiya Naoko , Hamaguchi Marie , Yamamoto Hideyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder. However, there are only a few medicines that are of pharmaceutical grade and reliably effective for IC/BPS symptoms. Choreito (CRT) is a pharmaceutical‐grade Kampo medicine and has been widely prescribed for patients of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and BPS in Japan. In this study, we exploratory investigated the effects of CRT on the IC/BPS‐like symptoms induced by tranilast.MethodsThe rat IC/BPS‐like model was induced by feeding administration with 0.4% tranilast. The rats were divided into the three following treatment groups: normal diet (Normal), tranilast treatment (Control), and the groups of 1% CRT (CRT) treatment for IC/BPS‐like model. After 4 weeks, continuous cystmetry, locomotor, and vascular permeability was assessed. Furthermore, the cytokine levels in bladder were analyzed by the Bio‐Plex suspension array system and plasma monoamine were measured.ResultsControl group exhibited 14.3% decrease of locomotor activity in the dark period, and which were 20.3% increase by 1%CRT treatment. The voiding interval was shorter in control than in other groups. 1%CRT suppressed the shortening of voiding interval. Evans blue leakage of bladder wall observed 44.8% higher in control group than in the normal group. The leakage of 1%CRT group was 33.3% less than in the control group. The cytokine level of IFNγ and VEGF were elevated in the control, and CRT treatment suppressed the elevation of IFNγ in the bladder. Plasma noradrenaline was significantly reduced by CRT treatment compared normal group.ConclusionThese results suggest that CRT can be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of IC/BPS‐like symptoms.
Dynamic policy for idling time preservation
Authors: Legros Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine and evaluate dynamic idling policies where an agent can idle while some customers remain waiting. This type of policies can be employed in situations where the flow of urgent customers does not allow the agent to spend sufficient time on back‐office tasks. We model the system as a single‐agent exponential queue with abandonment. The objective is to minimize the system's congestion while ensuring a certain proportion of idling time for the agent. Using a Markov decision process approach, we prove that the optimal policy is a threshold policy according to which the agent should idle above (below) a certain threshold on the queue length if the congestion‐related performance measure is concave (convex) with respect to the number of customers present. We subsequently obtain the stationary probabilities, performance measures, and idling time duration, expressed using complex integrals. We show how these integrals can be numerically computed and provide simpler expressions for fast‐agent and heavy‐traffic asymptotic cases. In practice, the most common way to regulate congestion is to control access to the service by rejecting some customers upon arrival. Our analysis reveals that idling policies allow high levels of idling probability that such rejection policies cannot reach. Furthermore, the greatest benefit of implementing an optimal idling policy occurs when the objective occupation rate is close to 50% in highly congested situations.
The Registered Nurses amid COVID‐19 in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Salvador Jordan Tovera , Alqahtani Friyal Mubarak , Jarrar Mu’taman Khalil Mohmoud , Trinidad Maria Abigail Cabiades , Alvarez Marc Oneel Castillo , Sanchez Kathlynn Buenaobra , Rosario Ahrjaynes Balanag , Reyes Lilibeth Dela Victoria , Cabonce Suzette Golez , Agman Darwin Damsani , Dorgham Sherien Ragab 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the experiences of registered nurses’ lived experiences in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic crisis in a government hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.DesignQualitative descriptive phenomenology.MethodsUtilizing in‐depth interviews with twenty registered nurses with the use of purposive sampling from September to December 2020. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi methods, and a COREQ checklist was utilized to report the study’s results.ResultsThe participants' narratives generated three major themes, namely: ‘one foot below the ground’, ‘the nightingale pledge’; and ‘hope beyond COVID‐19’. The lived experiences of Registered Nurses throughout the pandemic brought by the COVID‐19 virus increase a person's understanding of the phenomenon under investigation and plan collective actions to improve the nurses' welfare. The unique challenges faced by Registered Nurses as they carry out their duties in a variety of healthcare settings can be better appreciated if their experiences are taken into account. Nursing administrations all around the world can use the findings of this research to create safeguards for their staff.