bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal Of Environmental Pollutants (Lead, Chromium And Cadmium) Using Root And Leaf Tissues Of Indian Mustard, Rice And Wheat Plants
Authors: Halder Shema , Anirban Apurba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe environment is polluted day by day and it is very much expensive to remediate the environmental pollutants by physicochemical process. Therefore, using plants as a process to remediate pollutants is essential. In this study, phytoremediation of root and leaf tissues of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) against three most environment pollutants viz. lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) of Buriganga riverbank soil of Dhaka city, Bangladesh were assessed. The highest amount of Pb was found in the leaf (11.6755 ±1.9860 mg/kg dry weight) and root (51.4251 ±5.0320 mg/kg dry weight) of B. juncea. However, the highest amount of Cr was found in the leaf (5.9871±0.9032 mg/kg dry weight) of B. juncea; and in the root (46.4739±2.2920 mg/kg dry weight) of O. sativa respectively. Although the highest amount (0.9624±0.0920 mg/kg dry weight) of Cd was found in the leaf of B. juncea; the amount of Cd in the root was approximately same in all the three plants. This research also found more amounts of heavy metals compared to other studies using Indian mustard, rice and wheat against the three most environmental pollutants viz., Pb, Cr and Cd. Moreover, this study revealed that B. juncea is the highest hyperaccumulator species regarding Pb, Cr and Cd accumulation and can be used to clean up the polluted Buriganga riverbank soil.
Associations between antipsychotic use, substance use and relapse risks in patients with schizophrenia - real-world evidence from two national cohorts
Authors: Lähteenvuo Markku , Luykx Jurjen J. , Taipale Heidi , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Tanskanen Antti , Batalla Albert , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for schizophrenia-substance use disorder comorbidity (Sch-SUD) is very sparse and non-existent on the prevention of the development of substance use disorders (SUD) in patients with schizophrenia.AimsTo compare the real-world effectiveness of antipsychotics in schizophrenia in decreasing risks of: 1) development of an initial SUD; and 2) psychiatric hospitalization and hospitalization due to SUD among patients with SUD.MethodsTwo independent national cohorts including all persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (N=45,476) were followed up for 22 (Finland: 1996–2017) and 11 years (Sweden: 2006–2016). Risks of developing SUD were calculated with between-individual models, and risks of psychiatric and SUD hospitalization with within-individual models using Cox regression and adjusted Hazard Ratios (aHRs) when using vs. not using certain antipsychotics.ResultsFor schizophrenia patients without SUDs, clozapine use (aHR 0.20, 95%CI 0.16–0.24, p<0.001, in Finland; 0.35, 0.24–0.50, p<0.001, in Sweden) was associated with lowest risks of developing an initial SUD in both countries. Antipsychotic polytherapy was associated with second lowest risk (0.54, 0.44-0.66) in Sweden, and third lowest risk (0.47, 0.42-0.53) in Finland. Risks of psychiatric hospitalization and hospitalization due to SUD were lowest during use of clozapine, antipsychotic polytherapy, and long-acting injectables in both countries. Results were consistent across both countries.ConclusionClozapine and antipsychotic polytherapy are most strongly associated with reduced chances of developing SUDs among patients with schizophrenia and with lower relapse rates among patients with both diagnoses.
Use of digital technology tools to characterize patient adherence to prescription-grade omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy: Primary results of the DIAPAsOn prospective observational study
Authors: Arutyunov Gregory P. , Arutyunov Alexander G. , Ageev Fail T. , Fofanova Tatiana V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground, objectives and methodsDIAPAsOn was a 6-month prospective observational multicenter study in the Russian Federation that examined adherence to a preparation of highly purified omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (OMACOR) in adult patients with a history of recent myocardial infarction or endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. A full description of the study’s aims and methods has appeared in JMIR Res Protoc. A feature of DIAPAsOn was the use of a bespoke electronic patient engagement and data collection system.ResultsThe net average reduction from baseline in both total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was approximately 1 mmol/L and the net average increment in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.2±0.53 mmol/L. Mean triglyceride levels declined by ∼1.3 mmol/, from an initial level of 2.99±1.29 mmol/L to 1.67± 0.67 mmol/L. The percentage of patients with triglyceride <1.7 mmol/L rose from 13.1% at baseline to 54% at study-end.Digital reporting of adherence was registered by 8.3% of patients (n=180) and average scores indicted poor adherence. However, clinic-based enquiry suggested high levels of adherence.Data on health-related quality of life accrued from digitally-engaged patients identified improvements among patients reporting high adherence to study treatment, but patient numbers were small.ConclusionsThe lipid and lipoprotein findings indicate that OMACOR had nominally favorable effects on the blood lipid profile. Less than 10% of patients enrolled in DIAPAsOn used the bespoke digital platform piloted in the study and the level of self-reported adherence to medication by those patients was also low. Reasons for this low uptake and adherence are unclear. Better adherence was recorded by clinical report.
Factors associated with contraceptive failure in Uganda: Analysis of the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Kisuza Ruth Ketty , Kicaber Saviour , Bary Derrick Abila , Bongomin Felix , Garimoi Christopher Orach 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionSustained motivation is essential for effective use of contraceptive methods by women in low- and middle-income countries as many women are likely to abandon use of contraceptives especially when they continually experience episodes of failure. We aimed to determine contraceptive failure rates and associated factors among Ugandan women using data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS).MethodsWe analyzed data collected by the UDHS conducted in Uganda 2016. All eligible women aged 15 to 49 years at the time of the survey were enrolled. Discontinuation of contraceptive use due to failure within a 5-year period preceding the survey was the dependent variable.ResultsA total of 18,505 women were included in this study, 70.8% (n=5153) lived in rural areas while 56.9% (n=5153) owned a mobile phone. The mean age of the women was 29.6years (SD 7.6). The overall prevalence of contraceptive failure was 5.6%, and was higher (7.8%) among women aged 25-29 years or had completed secondary education (7.1%). The odds of contraceptive failure was 38% lower in women who had an informed choice on contraceptives compared to those who didn’t [Adjusted Odd ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 – 0.77; p< 0.001].ConclusionThe burden of contraceptive failure among women of reproductive age in Uganda is substantial and significantly varied by socio-demographic characteristics.
Differential antibody production by symptomatology in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals
Authors: Saraf Sharada , Zhu Xianming , Shrestha Ruchee , Bonny Tania S. , Baker Owen R. , Beck Evan J. , Fernandez Reinaldo E. , Eby Yolanda , Akinde Olivia , Ruff Jessica E. , Caturegli Patrizio , Redd Andrew D. , Bloch Evan M. , Quinn Thomas C. , Tobian Aaron AR , Laeyendecker Oliver 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe association between COVID-19 symptoms and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 is poorly characterized. We analyzed antibody levels in individuals with known SARS-CoV-2 infection to identify potential antibody-symptom associations. Convalescent plasma from 216 SARS-CoV-2 RNA+ individuals with symptomatology information were tested for the presence of IgG to the spike S1 subunit (Euroimmun ELISA), IgG to receptor binding domain (RBD, CoronaCHEK rapid test), and for IgG, IgA, and IgM to nucleocapsid (N, Bio-Rad ELISA). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of having a COVID-19 symptom from the antibody response, adjusting for sex and age. Cough strongly associated with antibodies against S1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 5.33; 95% CI from 1.51 to 18.86) and RBD (aOR=4.36; CI 1.49, 12.78). In contrast, sore throat significantly associated with the absence of antibodies to S1 and N (aOR=0.25; CI 0.08, 0.80 and aOR=0.31; 0.11, 0.91). Similarly, lack of symptoms associated with the absence of antibodies to N and RBD (aOR=0.16; CI 0.03, 0.97 and aOR=0.16; CI 0.03, 1.01). Cough appeared to be correlated with a seropositive result, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals exhibiting lower respiratory symptoms generate a robust antibody response. Conversely, those without symptoms or limited to a sore throat while infected with SARS-CoV-2 were likely to lack a detectable antibody response. These findings strongly support the notion that severity of infection correlates with robust antibody response.
Association between Liver Fibrosis and Incident Dementia in the UK Biobank Study
Authors: Parikh Neal S. , Kamel Hooman , Zhang Cenai , Kumar Sonal , Rosenblatt Russell , Spincemaille Pascal , Gupta Ajay , Cohen David E. , de Leon Mony J. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Iadecola Costantino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing recognition of the role of chronic liver disease in brain health, but the impact of liver fibrosis on dementia risk was unclear. We evaluated the association between liver fibrosis and incident dementia using data from a large prospective cohort study.MethodsWe performed a cohort analysis using data from the UK Biobank study, which prospectively enrolled approximately 500,000 adults starting 2007 and continues to follow them. Liver fibrosis was defined using validated cutoffs of the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) liver fibrosis score. The primary outcome was incident dementia, ascertained using a validated approach based on participants’ hospital record and mortality data. Secondary outcomes were Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. We excluded participants with prevalent dementia. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between liver fibrosis and incident dementia while adjusting for potential confounders. In additional models, the FIB-4 score was used as a continuous independent variable. Prespecified interaction analyses tested for effect modification by sex, metabolic syndrome, and apolipoprotein E4 carrier status.ResultsAmong 455,226 participants included in this analysis, the mean age was 56.5 years and 54% were women. Standard liver chemistries were largely in the normal range. However, 2.17% (95% CI, 2.13-2.22%) had liver fibrosis based on their FIB-4 score. The rate of dementia per 1,000 person-years was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.50-2.07) in participants with liver fibrosis and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.50-0.54) in those without. After adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic deprivation, educational attainment, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and tobacco and alcohol use, liver fibrosis was associated with an increased risk of dementia (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22-1.90). An independent association was also noted between FIB-4, treated as a continuous variable, and dementia (HR per unit, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.20-1.39). Effect modification by sex, metabolic syndrome, and apolipoprotein E4 carrier status was not seen.ConclusionLiver fibrosis in middle age was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia, independent of metabolic syndrome and shared risk factors. Liver fibrosis may be an underrecognized risk factor for dementia.
Sensitive Spatiotemporal Tracking of Spontaneous Metastasis in Deep Tissues via a Genetically-Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reporter
Authors: Nyström Nivin N. , McRae Sean W. , Martinez Francisco F.M. , Kelly John J. , Scholl Timothy J. , Ronald John A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTMetastasis remains a poorly understood aspect of cancer biology and the leading cause of cancer-related death, yet most preclinical cancer studies do not examine metastasis, focusing solely on the primary tumor. One major factor contributing to this paradox is a gap in available tools for accurate spatiotemporal measurements of metastatic spread in vivo. Our objective was to develop an imaging reporter system that offers sensitive three-dimensional detection of cancer cells at high resolutions in live mice. We utilized organic anion-transporting polypeptide lb3 (oatp1b3) as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporter gene to this end, and systematically optimized its framework for in vivo tracking of viable cancer cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. We were able to image metastasis on oatp1b3-MRI at the single lymph node level and continued to track its progression over time as cancer cells spread to multiple lymph nodes and different organ systems in single animals. While initial single lesions were successfully imaged in parallel via bioluminescence, later metastases were obscured by light scatter from the initial node. Importantly, we demonstrate and validate that 100-μm isotropic resolution MR images could detect micrometastases in lung tissue estimated to contain fewer than 103 cancer cells. In summary, oatp1b3-MRI enables precise determination of lesion size and location over time and offers a path towards deep-tissue tracking of any oatp1b3-engineered cell type with combined high resolution, high sensitivity, 3D spatial information, and surrounding anatomical context.
Transgenic microalgae expressing double-stranded RNA as potential feed supplements for controlling white spot syndrome in shrimp aquaculture
Authors: Charoonnart Patai , Taunt Henry N , Yang Luyao , Webb Conner , Purton Saul , Robinson Colin , Saksmerprome Vanvimon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractViral infection of farmed fish and shellfish represents a major issue within the aquaculture industry. One potential control strategy involves RNA interference of viral gene expression through the oral delivery of specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In previous work we have shown that recombinant dsRNA can be produced in the chloroplast of the edible microalga,Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiand used to control disease in shrimp. Here we report a significant improvement in antiviral dsRNA production and its use to protect shrimp against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). A new strategy for dsRNA synthesis was developed that uses two convergent copies of the endogenousrrnSpromoter to drive high level transcription of both strands of the WSSV gene element in the chloroplast. New vectors were designed that allow rapid Golden Gate-mediated assembly of a transformation plasmid in which the ‘dual promoter-WSSV DNA’ cassette is targeted into the chloroplast genome, with selection based on the restoration of photosynthesis. PCR analysis of transformant lines confirmed the integration of the cassette and homoplasmy of the polyploid genome. Transcribed sense and antisense VP28-RNA were hypothesised to form an RNA duplex in the chloroplast stroma, and quantitative RT-PCR indicated that ∼100 μg dsRNA is produced per litre of transgenic microalgae culture. This represents an ∼10,000-fold increase in dsRNA relative to previous reports using convergentpsaApromoters. The engineered alga was assessed for its ability to prevent WSSV infection when fed to shrimp larvae prior to a challenge with the virus. Survival of shrimp fed with dsRNA-expressingC. reinhardtiiwas significantly enhanced (68.3%) relative to the negative control. The study suggests that this new dsRNA production platform is significantly more efficient than that reported previously, and merits further scale-up and downstream processing studies.
Developmental overproduction of cortical superficial neurons impairs adult auditory cortical processing
Authors: Merkler Mirna , Ip Nancy Y , Sakata Shuzo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile evolutionary cortical expansion is thought to underlie the evolution of human cognitive capabilities, excessive developmental expansion can lead to megalencephaly, often found in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. Still, little is known about how the overproduction of cortical neurons during development affects cortical processing and behavior in later life. Here we show that the developmental overproduction of cortical superficial neurons impairs auditory processing in mice. We took advantage of a WNT/β- catenin signaling inhibitor, XAV939, to overproduce cortical superficial excitatory neurons during development. XAV939-treated adult mice exhibited a longer reaction time and a higher threshold to detect acoustic stimuli behaviorally. This mouse model also demonstrated abnormal auditory cortical processing depending on experimental conditions: in a passive listening condition, we observed lower beta power and lower spontaneous and auditory-evoked activity in putative excitatory cells whereas higher pre-stimulus spontaneous activity in excitatory cells is associated with failing to detect auditory stimuli behaviorally. On the other hand, the auditory thalamus did not show any significant difference in neural firing between XAV939-treated and control groups. Furthermore, functional monosynaptic connections were significantly reduced between cortical putative excitatory cells. Altogether, our results suggest that the atypical auditory detectability of XAV939-treated animals can be explained by abnormal auditory cortical processing. Although the expansion of cortical size is evolutionarily advantageous, an abnormal expansion during development can result in detrimental effects on cortical processing and perceptual behavior in adulthood.
Single-cell multi-region dissection of brain vasculature in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sun Na , Akay Leyla Anne , Murdock Mitchell H. , Park Yongjin , Bubnys Adele , Galani Kyriaki , Mathys Hansruedi , Jiang Xueqiao , Ng Ayesha P. , Bennett David A. , Tsai Li-Huei , Kellis Manolis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCerebrovascular breakdown occurs early in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), but its cell-type-specific molecular basis remains uncharacterized. Here, we characterize single-cell transcriptomic differences in human cerebrovasculature across 220 AD and 208 control individuals and across 6 brain regions. We annotate 22,514 cerebrovascular cells in 11 subtypes of endothelial, pericyte, smooth muscle, perivascular fibroblast, and ependymal cells, and how they differ in abundance and gene expression between brain regions. We identify 2,676 AD-differential genes, including lower expression of PDGFRB in pericytes, and ABCB1 and ATP10A in endothelial cells. These AD-differential genes reveal common upstream regulators, including MECOM, EP300, and KLF4, whose targeting may help restore vasculature function. We find coordinated vasculature-glial-neuronal co-expressed gene modules supported by ligand-receptor pairs, involved in axon growth/degeneration and neurogenesis, suggesting mechanistic mediators of neurovascular unit dysregulation in AD. Integration with AD genetics reveals 125 AD-differential genes directly linked to AD-associated genetic variants (through vasculature-specific eQTLs, Hi-C, and correlation-based evidence), 559 targeted by AD-associated regulators, and 661 targeted by AD-associated ligand-receptor signaling. Lastly, we show that APOE4-genotype associated differences are significantly enriched among AD-associated genes in capillary and venule endothelial cells, and subsets of pericytes and fibroblasts, which underlie the vascular dysregulation in APOE4-associated cognitive decline. Overall, our multi-region molecular atlas of differential human cerebrovasculature genes and pathways in AD can help guide early-stage AD therapeutics.
Rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS): A potential and rapid tool for the identification of insecticide resistance in mosquito larvae
Authors: Morgan Jasmine , Salcedo-Sora J. Enrique , Wagner Iris , Beynon Robert J , Triana-Chavez Omar , Strode Clare 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInsecticide resistance is a significant challenge facing the successful control of mosquito vectors globally. Bioassays are currently the only method for phenotyping resistance. They require large numbers of mosquitoes for testing, the availability of a susceptible comparator strain and often insectary facilities. This study aimed to trial the novel use of rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) for the identification of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. No sample preparation is required for REIMS and analysis can be rapidly conducted within hours. Temephos resistant Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) larvae from Cúcuta, Colombia and temephos susceptible larvae from two origins (Bello, Colombia, and the lab reference strain New Orleans) were analysed using REIMS. We tested the ability of REIMS to differentiate three relevant variants: population source, lab versus field origin and response to insecticide. The classification of these data was undertaken using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest. Classification models built using REIMS data were able to differentiate between Ae. aegypti larvae from different populations with 82% (± 0.01) accuracy, between mosquitoes of field and lab origin with 89% (± 0.01) accuracy and between susceptible and resistant larvae with 85% (± 0.01) accuracy. LDA classifiers had higher efficiency than random forest with this data set. The high accuracy observed here identifies REIMS as a potential new tool for rapid identification of resistance in mosquitoes. We argue that REIMS and similar modern phenotyping alternatives should complement existing insecticide resistance management tools.
State-dependent activity dynamics of hypothalamic stress effector neurons
Authors: Ichiyama Aoi , Mestern Samuel , Benigno Gabriel B. , Scott Kaela E. , Allman Brian L. , Muller Lyle , Inoue Wataru 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe stress response necessitates an immediate boost in vital physiological functions from their homeostatic operation to elevated emergency response. However, neural mechanisms underlying this state-dependent change remain largely unknown. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiology with computational modeling, we report that corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the effector neurons of hormonal stress response, rapidly transition between distinct activity states through recurrent inhibition. Specifically, in vivo optrode recording shows that under non-stress conditions, CRHPVN neurons often fire with rhythmic brief bursts (RB), which, somewhat counterintuitively, constrains firing rate due to long (∼2 s) inter-burst intervals. Stressful stimuli rapidly switch RB to continuous single spiking (SS), permitting a large increase in firing rate. A spiking network model shows that recurrent inhibition can control this activity-state switch, and more broadly the gain of spiking responses to excitatory inputs. In biological CRHPVN neurons ex vivo, the injection of whole-cell currents derived from our computational model recreates the in vivo-like switch between RB and SS, providing a direct evidence that physiologically relevant network inputs enable state-dependent computation in single neurons. Together, we present a novel mechanism for state-dependent activity dynamics in CRHPVN neurons.