bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse estimation of historical functional linear models with a nested group bridge approach
Authors: Xun Xiaolei , Guan Tianyu , Cao Jiguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe conventional historical functional linear model relates the current value of the functional response at time to all past values of the functional covariate up to time . Motivated by situations where it is more reasonable to assume that only recent, instead of all, past values of the functional covariate have an impact on the functional response, in this work we investigate the historical functional linear model with an unknown forward time lag into the history. In addition to estimating the bivariate regression coefficient function, we also aim to identify the historical time lag from the data, which is important in many applications. To this end, we propose an estimation procedure that uses the finite element method to conform naturally to the trapezoidal domain of the bivariate coefficient function. We use a nested group bridge penalty to facilitate simultaneous estimation of the bivariate coefficient function and the historical lag, and show that our proposed estimators are consistent. We demonstrate this method of estimation in a real data example investigating the effect of muscle activation recorded via the noninvasive electromyography (EMG) method on lip acceleration during speech production. In addition, we examine the finite sample performance of our proposed method in comparison with the conventional approach to estimation via simulation studies.
Potential risk factors for acute grief during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The mediating role of avoidance processes
Authors: Zou Xinyan , Xu Xin , Tang Renzhihui , Jiao Keyuan , Qian Wenli , Shen Xinlan , Wang Jianping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBereavement during the COVID‐19 pandemic may have some unique characteristics that become potential risk factors (e.g., absence of grief rituals, no opportunity to say goodbye to the deceased and loneliness caused by social distancing) for acute grief. Avoidance processes could be significant mediators in the context of the pandemic. The current study aimed to investigate whether and how these COVID‐19‐related risk factors were related to acute grief severity. Bereaved adults (n = 319) who lost significant others during the COVID‐19 pandemic completed a self‐report questionnaire package measuring COVID‐19‐related factors, grief severity and depressive and anxious avoidance. Regression analyses suggested that among the three potential risk factors (loneliness, grief rituals and opportunity to say goodbye), loneliness was significantly associated with acute grief after controlling for basic demographic and loss‐related information. Structural equation models suggested that depressive avoidance and anxious avoidance partially mediated the associations of loneliness with acute grief severity. The findings indicate that dealing with loss during the COVID‐19 pandemic warrants further exploration concerning how potential environmental risk factors may impede adaptation to loss. Depressive and anxious avoidance processes may play important roles in grief interventions for isolated and lonely bereaved people.
Speech and language characteristics differentiate Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Yamada Yasunori , Shinkawa Kaoru , Nemoto Miyuki , Ota Miho , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEarly differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is important, but it remains challenging. Different profiles of speech and language impairments between AD and DLB have been suggested, but direct comparisons have not been investigated.MethodsWe collected speech responses from 121 older adults comprising AD, DLB, and cognitively normal (CN) groups and investigated their acoustic, prosodic, and linguistic features.ResultsThe AD group showed larger differences from the CN group than the DLB group in linguistic features, while the DLB group showed larger differences in prosodic and acoustic features. Machine‐learning classifiers using these speech features achieved 87.0% accuracy for AD versus CN, 93.2% for DLB versus CN, and 87.4% for AD versus DLB.DiscussionOur findings indicate the discriminative differences in speech features in AD and DLB and the feasibility of using these features in combination as a screening tool for identifying/differentiating AD and DLB.
Glucose variability: A physiological correlate of eating disorder behaviors among individuals with binge‐spectrum eating disorders
Authors: Presseller Emily K. , Patarinski Anna Gabrielle G. , Zhang Fengqing , Page Kathleen A. , Srivastava Paakhi , Manasse Stephanie M. , Juarascio Adrienne S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesElevated glucose variability may be one mechanism that increases risk for significant psychological and physiological health conditions among individuals with binge‐spectrum eating disorders (B‐EDs), given the impact of eating disorder (ED) behaviors on blood glucose levels. This study aimed to characterize glucose variability among individuals with B‐EDs compared with age‐matched, sex‐matched, and body mass index‐matched controls, and investigate the association between frequency of ED behaviors and glucose variability.MethodsParticipants were 52 individuals with B‐EDs and 22 controls who wore continuous glucose monitors to measure blood glucose levels and completed ecological momentary assessment surveys to measure ED behaviors for 1 week. Independent samples t‐tests compared individuals with B‐EDs and controls and multiple linear regression models examined the association between ED behaviors and glucose variability.ResultsIndividuals with B‐EDs demonstrated numerically higher glucose variability than controls (t = 1.42, p = .08, d = 0.43), although this difference was not statistically significant. When controlling for covariates, frequency of ED behaviors was significantly, positively associated with glucose variability (t = 3.17, p = .003) with medium effect size (f2 = 0.25). Post hoc analyses indicated that binge eating frequency was significantly associated with glucose variability, while episodes of 5+ hours without eating were not.DiscussionGlucose variability among individuals with B‐EDs appears to be positively associated with engagement in ED behaviors, particularly binge eating. Glucose variability may be an important mechanism by which adverse health outcomes occur at elevated rates in B‐EDs and warrants future study.Public SignificanceThis study suggests that some individuals with binge ED and bulimia nervosa may experience elevated glucose variability, a physiological symptom that is linked to a number of adverse health consequences. The degree of elevation in glucose variability is positive associated with frequency of eating disorder behaviors, especially binge eating.
Deoxygenative Chlorination of Aldehydes and Alcohols with Dichloromethyl Methyl Ether and TiCl4
Authors: Polat Emrah , Cakici Murat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHere, we report highly efficient deoxygenative chlorination of aldehydes and alcohols with a dichloromethyl methyl ether and TiCl4 system. The method converts various aldehydes and alcohols into the desired geminal dichlorides or chlorides with good to excellent yields (up to 99 %). Combined with a subsequent Rieche formylation step using the same reagent system, this method provides an efficient approach for synthesis of aromatic dialdehydes. This strategy involves deoxy‐chlorination of the aryl aldehydes followed by a second formylation of more activated benzal chloride derivatives. Dialdehydes can be easily obtained by hydrolyzing the corresponding of dichloromethyl derivative.
Energy and water: COVID‐19 impacts and implications for interconnected sustainable development goals
Authors: Bhattacharya Riya , Bose Debajyoti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic presented a chance to investigate the effects of system‐wide emergencies on major global commodities such as water and energy. In terms of environmental policies and attaining supply security, these developmental goals are interrelated. Despite pandemic disruptions, there is a compelling need for a systematization in these areas for the transition to clean water access and sustainable energy. This article presents a comprehensive assessment of the effects of COVID‐19 on these two sustainable development goals. Further, an integrated aspect of water and energy access for sustainable development is evaluated with insights on the effects of COVID‐19 on the water‐energy nexus. Additionally, technological evolution for building better water and energy supply systems is presented. An insight into developing robust healthcare systems and how the water and energy SDGs affect population dynamics is also speculated, which indicates varied short‐term adaption experiences, and highlights the need for a re‐evaluation of the water‐energy nexus. The integrated solutions contributing to stability of the water supply chain, energy storage, and policy making during and after an outbreak are critical to achieving developmental goals.
Evolutionary seismic design optimization of mega‐brace damper architectures in three‐dimensional structures
Authors: Apostolakis Georgios , Wang Tiancheng , Blanco Hector 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNovel seismic protection systems are widely used to improve building performance or collapse prevention under extreme events. However, a systematic approach for the distribution of dampers in structures expected to operate inelastically under extreme seismic loading does not exist in modern seismic codes. Furthermore, optimal designs are achieved typically performing only forward analysis with no direction on how device topologies and properties distribution affect the response and the plastic action distribution throughout structures for different types of passive devices. To address the above, this study utilizes an evolutionary framework for optimization of the topology and properties of passive dampers in three‐dimensional buildings subject to seismic loading. The framework incorporates a self‐organizing evolutionary algorithm, a novel concept of mega‐brace damper architecture scheme, and an active ground motion subset scheme to efficiently find optimal designs that satisfy predefined performance targets. Three‐dimensional buildings considered include eight‐story irregular, eight‐story regular, and 14‐story regular structures, while passive devices included yielding, friction, and viscous dampers. The seismic environment consisted of twenty‐five synthetic ground motions with 5% of probability of exceedance in 50 years. The study included design examples with realistic three‐dimensional buildings, and the proposed framework yielded optimal designs that exhibited uniform ductility demand along the height when compared to the base buildings. Novel three‐dimensional multiscale mega‐brace architectures not seen in practice were identified, while their corresponding plastic action distribution throughout the buildings was assessed for each case.
Palestinian feminism: Analytics, praxes and decolonial futures
Authors: Ihmoud Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article theorizes Palestinian feminism as an analytical lens and a political project. Grounded in histories and ongoing organizing for anticolonial liberation, it outlines contemporary challenges and possibilities for Palestinian feminist organizing in the homeland and the shataat. Further, it centers Palestine as a space for enacting feminist praxis more broadly, and calls on feminist scholars and activists to join the struggle for Palestinian liberation.
A two‐phase flow extended finite element technology modeling CO2 in fractured porous media
Authors: Luo Zhifeng , Xie Yaozeng , Zhao Liqiang , Cheng Long , Wen Guohua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) geological sequestration technology is an attractive means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This work aims to seek the transport mechanism of CO2 in fractured porous media. A two‐phase flow extended finite element model is developed in this paper. The two‐phase flow in the fracture and porous matrix are all considered in the model development. We present numerical simulations under 2D linear flow conditions with specific and sensitivity analysis about fracture properties, capillary pressure, relative permeability, reservoir heterogeneity, and properties. It is found that fracture will dominate the CO2 transport when the intersection angle of fracture orientation and injection direction is less than 90°, and CO2 flows into deeper regions along the fracture. It is significant to find a suitable capillary pressure and relative permeability model which matches the microscopic pore structure when simulating CO2 geological sequestration in fractured media. Using the Brooks–Corey equation for capillary pressure and relative permeability, the CO2 transport efficiency would increase by around 16% compared to the Van Gneuchten equation. Besides, the CO2 phase and properties evolution during CO2 geological sequestration has a great influence on CO2 transport efficiency., CO2 transport efficiency is reduced by around 18% due to an increase in CO2 density and viscosity when considering CO2 properties evolution. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Informal caregiving, time use and experienced wellbeing
Authors: Urwin Sean , Lau Yiu‐Shing , Grande Gunn , Sutton Matt 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformal carers report lower evaluative wellbeing than non‐carers. In contrast to this literature and our own analysis of evaluative wellbeing, we find carers have a small but higher level of experienced wellbeing than non‐carers do. To investigate why, we use decomposition analysis which separates explanatory factors into how time is used and how those uses of time are experienced. We analyze activities and associated experienced wellbeing measured in ten‐minute intervals over two days by 4817 adults from the 2014/15 UK Time Use Survey. We use entropy balancing to compare carers with a re‐weighted counterfactual non‐carer group and then apply Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition. The experienced wellbeing gap of 0.066 is the net result of several substantial competing effects of time use. Carers experienced wellbeing would be higher by 0.188 if they had the same patterns and returns to time use as non‐carers which is driven by sleep, time stress and alternative characteristics of time use. However, leisure and non‐market activities serve to dampen this increase in experienced wellbeing. Initiatives to improve and assess carer wellbeing should pay close attention to how carers spend their time.
Distant metastases in human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Crossley Jason R. , Nelson Lacey L. , Chou Jiling , Maxwell Jessica H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of distant metastases (DM) in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) remains unknown. A PRISMA systematic review of DM rates in patients with HPV‐related OPSCC was performed. PubMed‐MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. The primary outcome was prevalence of DM. Data on demographics, tumor classification, and clinical outcomes were also collected. Meta‐analysis of pooled DM rate was determined. Ten articles met inclusion criteria, representing 1860 patients with mean follow‐up of 3.6 years. Overall DM rate was 7.0% (95% CI: 5.9–8.2). T3 or T4 classification disease was associated with a 4.88‐fold (95% CI: 1.92–12.40) risk of DM compared to T1 or T2 classification disease. This study is the first to systematically review the prevalence of DM among patients with HPV‐related OPSCC, where pooled DM rate was found to be 7%.
The relationship between weight and pulmonary outcomes in overweight and obese people with cystic fibrosis: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Welter John J. , Lennox Alison T. , Krishnan Sankaran , Kim Christy , Krishnan Sheila , Thompson Haley , McAllister Emily , Huang Kristen , Nwaedozie Kasiemobi , Dozor Allen J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA major focus in cystic fibrosis (CF) care aims to increase weight gain. Rates of overweight and obese people with CF have gradually increased over the past decade. Obesity could be a risk for restriction of lung volumes and airway obstruction as well as increase rates of pulmonary exacerbations in people with CF.AimTo assess the relationship between weight categories and pulmonary outcomes in children and adults with CF.MethodsPatients 6 years of age and older were categorized into weight categories based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions. A retrospective chart review was conducted to obtain lung function testing and other outcomes.ResultsOne hundred five patients with a median age of 20.6 years were included in this analysis. 8.4%, 64%, 18%, and 10% of patients were underweight, normal/healthy weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (% predicted) did not differ between patients with weights in the normal range versus patients in the overweight/obese categories. Linear regression analysis showed a direct correlation between body mass index (BMI) and FEV1 that continued as BMI entered overweight and obese categories in both pediatric and adult patients. Overweight/obese patients did not have increased rates of pulmonary exacerbations compared to those in the normal/healthy weight category.ConclusionAs CF therapies continue to improve, an increasing number of people with CF are exceeding the CDC's normal‐weight range. Gaining weight past the normal range does not appear to negatively impact pulmonary health of people with CF. If this trend of increased weight gain continues, it remains to be seen if it will eventually negatively affect lung health.
The experiences of older adult members of a combined lunch club and assisted shopping group and the perceived value in their occupational lives: A qualitative study
Authors: Walton Aaron , Collins Tracy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsHealth and social care policies are increasingly focusing on community interventions for older adults with service providers diversifying services to widen their reach. As a result, new concepts are under‐researched, and it can be challenging to draw parallels with existing interventions. Evidence of the value of community interventions is often limited and conflicting and few researchers have considered the service‐user perspective. This qualitative research explores the experiences of members of a combined lunch club and assisted shopping group based in North‐East England to understand the perceived value in their lives from an occupational perspective.MethodsSix older adult members were recruited through convenience sampling to participate in individual semistructured interviews January–March 2020. Interview data was subject to thematic analysis using an inductive approach and three key themes were constructed to represent the data.ResultsThemes identified were: “Togetherness: promoting social belonging”; “Meaningful engagement for older adults” and “Independence and staying active in later life.” Findings indicated largely positive experiences with themes depicting influences that motivate engagement and perceived benefits.ConclusionParticipants particularly valued the opportunity for social engagement, as well as independence through supporting continued engagement with shopping in later life. In conclusion, successful community interventions for older adults need to be meaningful and purposeful.
Interaction of radiation and chemical reaction on Walters' B fluid over a medium porosity of a vertical stretching surface
Authors: Akinbo Bayo J. , Olajuwon Bakai I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study of non‐Newtonian fluid has gained more significant attention recently than ever due to its various applications in the associated discipline, among which is polymer processing. On the account of its application, this present work analytically investigates a steady‐state boundary layer flow on Walters' B fluid over a vertical plate, embedded in a porous medium. The model equations for momentum, heat, and mass transfer are transformed to the associated ordinary differential equation by suitable similarity variables which are executed by means of the homotopy analysis method. The results of various parameters encountered are discussed accordingly. The novel results showcase among others that various values of radiation parameters amplify the radiative flux, which intensifies the polymeric flow and magnifies the rate of heat exchange to the liquid. This increases the thermal energy and accentuates the temperature distribution, while the interaction of Biot number pioneers strong convective heating which overshoots the temperature of which its vast application is rooted in industries as well as technology disciplines for the drying of substances/components.
PDGF‐AA activates AKT and ERK signaling for testicular interstitial Leydig cell growth via primary cilia
Authors: Tsai Yung‐Chieh , Kuo Tian‐Ni , Chao Yu‐Ying , Lee Pei‐Rong , Lin Ruei‐Ci , Xiao Xiao‐Yi , Huang Bu‐Miin , Wang Chia‐Yih 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTestes control the development of male reproductive system. The testicular interstitial Leydig cells (Leydig cells) synthesize testosterone for promoting spermatogenesis and secondary sexual characteristics. Type A platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF‐AA) is one of the most important growth factors in regulating Leydig cell growth and function. Knockout of PDGF‐AA or its congenital receptor PDGFR‐α leads to poor testicular development caused by reducing Leydig cell numbers, supporting PDGF‐AA/PDGFR‐α signaling regulates Leydig cell development. Primary cilium is a cellular antenna that functions as an integrative platform to transduce extracellular signaling for proper development and differentiation. Several receptors including PDGFR‐α are observed on primary cilia for initiating signaling cascades in distinct cell types. Here we showed that PDGF‐AA/PDGFR‐α signaling promoted Leydig cells growth, migration, and invasion via primary cilia. Upon PDGF‐AA treatment, AKT and ERK signaling were activated to regulate these cellular events. Interestingly, active AKT and ERK were detected around the base of primary cilia. Depletion of ciliary genes (IFT88 and CEP164) alleviated PDGF‐AA‐activated AKT and ERK, thus reducing Leydig cell growth, migration, and invasion. Thus, our study not only reveals the function of PDGF‐AA/PDGFR‐α signaling in maintaining testicular physiology but also uncovers the role of primary cilium and downstream signaling in regulating Leydig cell development.