bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory qualitative study examining acceptability of strategies to improve access to substance use treatment and HIV prevention services for young adults on probation in Ukraine
Authors: Dauria Emily , Skipalska Halyna , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi , Savenko Oksana , Sabadash Liudmyla , Tolou-Shams Marina , Flanigan Timothy , Navario Peter , Castillo Theresa P 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAdults <30 years’ of age experience elevated HIV-rates in Ukraine. Young adults (YA) involved in the criminal justice system (CJS) are at an increased HIV-risk given elevated rates of substance use, engagement in high-risk sexual behaviour and insufficient healthcare access. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the acceptability of strategies to refer and link CJS-involved YA to HIV-prevention and substance use treatment services from CJS settings.DesignWe conducted qualitative individual interviews with CJS-involved YA (18–24 years), and CJS stakeholders. Interviews were guided by the Social Ecological Model. Interviews with YA explored substance use and sexual behaviour, and acceptability of strategies to link YA to HIV-prevention and substance use treatment services from CJS. Stakeholder interviews explored system practices addressing HIV-prevention and substance use and addiction. Data were analysed using Inductive Thematic Analysis.SettingData were collected in three locales, prior to the 2022 Russian–Ukrainian conflict.ParticipantsThirty YA and 20 stakeholders.ResultsMost YA were men, reported recent injection drug use and wereMage=23 years. YA were receptive to linkage to HIV-prevention services from CJS; this was shaped by self-perceived HIV-risk and lack of access to HIV-prevention services. YA were less receptive to being referred to substance use treatment services, citing a lack of self-perceived need and mistrust in treatment efficacy. Stakeholders identified multilevel contextual factors shaping acceptability of HIV-prevention and substance use treatment from CJS (eg, stigma).ConclusionsFindings should be reviewed as a historical record of the pre-conflict context. In that context, we identified strategies that may have been used to help curtail the transmission of HIV in a population most-at-risk, including CJS-involved YA. This study demonstrates that improving access to substance use treatment and HIV-prevention services via CJS linkage were acceptable if provided in the right conditions (eg, low or no-cost, confidential).
Can anthropometric indices predict the chance of hypertension? A multicentre cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Akbari-khezrabadi Ali , Zibaeenezhad Mohammad Javad , Shojaeefard Ehsan , Naseri Arzhang , Mousavi Shahrokh , Sarejloo Shirin , Karimi Mohammadreza , Hosseinpour Morteza , Salimi Maryam , Bazrafshan Mehdi , Salimi Amirhossein , Parsa Nader , Sayadi Mehrab , Razeghian-Jahromi Iman , Zibaeenejad Fatemeh , Mohammadi Seyyed Saeed , Bazrafshan Drissi Hamed 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), and determine the relationship between HTN and anthropometric indices including fat distribution, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in Shiraz Heart Study.SettingIn this cross-sectional study, subjects were enrolled in 25 clinics in Shiraz. I.R. Iran between 2019 and 2021.ParticipantsA total number of 7225 individuals were selected, aged between 40 and 70 years of whom 52.3% were female. Among the people living in Shiraz, individuals living far from clinics, cases of mental or physical disabilitiy and documented cardiovascular diseases were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome: The association of body composition, WHR, WHtR and BMI with HTN.Secondary outcome: The sensitivity and specificity of the WHtR for the prediction of HTN.ResultsHTN prevalence was 19.3%. Obesity prevalence was estimated to be 28.5%. WHR and lean body mass showed a significant association with HTN (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic for WHtR yielded an area under the curve of 0.62 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.64) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.65) for males and females, respectively. The optimal threshold value yielded 0.54 in men and 0.61 in women. The sensitivity was 72.3% and 73.9% in women and men, with specificity of 48.4% and 44.3%, respectively.ConclusionHTN had a meaningful association with all the noted anthropometric indices. WHtR performed well as a predictor of HTN.
Midodrine therapy for vasopressor dependent shock in the intensive care unit: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamaleldin Mostafa , Kilcommons Sebastian , Opgenorth Dawn , Fiest Kirsten , Karvellas Constantine Jason , Kutsogiannis Jim , Lau Vincent , MacIntyre Erika , Rochwerg Bram , Senaratne Janek , Slemko Jocelyn , Sligl Wendy , Wang Xiaoming , Bagshaw Sean M , Rewa Oleksa G 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionIntensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay are modified by ongoing need for haemodynamic support in critically ill patients. This is most commonly provided by intravenous vasopressor therapy. Midodrine has been used as an oral agent for haemodynamic support in patients with orthostatic hypotension or cirrhosis. However, its efficacy in treating shock in the ICU, particularly for patients weaning from intravenous vasopressors, remains uncertain. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the efficacy of midodrine in vasopressor dependent shock.Methods and analysisWe will search Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library for observational trials and randomised controlled trials evaluating midodrine in critically ill patients from inception to 21 April 2022. We will also review unpublished data and relevant conference abstracts. Outcomes will include ICU length of stay, duration of intravenous vasopressor support, ICU mortality, hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and rates of ICU readmission. Data will be analysed in aggregate, where appropriate. We will evaluate risk of bias using the modified Cochrane tool and certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology. We will perform trial sequential analysis for the outcome of ICU length of stay.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. Findings of this review will be disseminated through peer-related publication and will inform future clinical trials.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021260375.
Prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes among adults in Iraq: analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2015 STEPS survey
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (UT2D) among adults (aged 18 years and older) in Iraq.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study.SettingNationally representative sample of general community-dwelling adult population in Iraq from the 2015 Iraq STEPS survey.ParticipantsThe sample included 3853 adults (mean age 41.8 years, SD=15.8), with complete fasting blood glucose values, from the 2015 Iraq STEPS survey.Outcome measuresData collection included: (1) social and behavioural information, (2) physical parameters and blood pressure measurements and (3) biochemical measurements. UT2D was classified as not being diagnosed with T2D and fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL. Multivariable multinomial and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with UT2D.ResultsThe prevalence of UT2D was 8.1% and the prevalence of diagnosed T2D (DT2D) was 8.9%. Participants aged 50 years and older (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR): 2.11, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.43) and those with high cholesterol (ARRR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.24) had a higher risk of UT2D. Older age (≥50 years) (ARRR: 17.90, 95% CI 8.42 to 38.06), receipt of healthcare advice (ARRR: 2.15, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.96), history of cholesterol testing (ARRR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.99), stroke or heart attack (ARRR: 1.81, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.92), and high cholesterol (ARRR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.06) were positively associated with DT2D, and high physical activity (ARRR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.84) was negatively associated with DT2D. Higher than primary education (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.02, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.37) was positively associated with UT2D versus DT2D, while older age (≥50 years) (AOR: 0.12, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.25), healthcare advice (AOR: 0.45, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.70), and history of cholesterol screening (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.58) were inversely associated with UT2D versus DT2D.ConclusionAlmost one in ten adults in Iraq had UT2D, and various associated factors were identified that could be useful in planning interventions.
Effects of COVID-19 on paediatric cardiac centres in low-income and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Dopke Campbell , Connor Jean , Zheleva Bistra , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Bakalcheva Bojana , Bina Najeebullah , Calvimontes Gonzalo , Cerovic Ivana , Majani Naizihijwa , Oketcho Michael , Pechilkov Dimitar , Shidhika Fenny , Shiryaev Tengiz , Jenkins Kathy 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cardiac services in critical access centres in low-income and middle-income countries.DesignA mixed-methods approach was used.SettingCritical access sites that participate in the International Quality Improvement Collaborative (IQIC) for congenital heart disease (CHD) were identified.ParticipantsEight IQIC sites in low-income and middle-income countries agreed to participate.Outcome measuresDifferences in volume and casemix before and during the pandemic were identified, and semistructured interviews were conducted with programme representatives and analysed by two individuals using NVivo software. The qualitative component of this study contributed to a better understanding of the centres’ experiences and to identify themes that were common across centres.ResultsIn aggregate, among the seven critical access sites that reported data in both 2019 and 2020, there was a 20% reduction in case volume, though the reduction varied among programmes. Qualitative analysis identified a universal impact for all programmes related to Access to Care/Clinical Services, Financial Stability and Professional/Personal Issues for healthcare providers.ConclusionsOur study identified and quantified a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical access to CHD surgery in low-income and middle-income countries, as well as a significant adverse impact on both the skilled workforce needed to treat CHD and on the institutions in which care is delivered. These findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major threat to access to care for children with CHD in resource-constrained environments and that this effect may be long-lasting beyond the global emergency. Efforts are needed to preserve vulnerable CHD programmes even during unprecedented pandemic situations.
Analysis of antibiotic use patterns in Danish hospitals 2015–2021 using an adapted version of the who aware classification
Authors: Anhøj Jacob , Boel Jonas , Olesen Birthe Riis , Bak Helle Boelsmand , Hellesøe Anne-Marie Blok , Thomsen Kim , Knudsen Jenny Dahl 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAWaRe is a tool to categorise and guide antibiotic use. Antibiotics are classified in three groups: Access, Watch and Reserve. The Access group contains first choice antibiotics for 25 of the most common infections. Antibiotics in the Watch and Reserve groups should be restricted to cases that cannot be effectively treated with drugs from the Access group.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate and adapt the WHO 2019 AWaRe classification for use with antibiotic usage data in Danish hospitals. The secondary aim was to study the usefulness of the abxaware; software package for visualisation and analysis of temporal trends in antibiotic use patterns.MethodsWe obtained data on purchases of antibiotics in Danish hospitals from January 2015 to July 2021. Sixty-seven unique drugs had been purchased. To better correspond with Danish guidelines, we moved two drugs one AWaRe level upwards. To help aggregate antibiotics according to AWaRe and visualise use patterns, we developed an R package, abxaware.ResultsAfter adding two drugs that were not included in the original AWaRe classification nearly all antibiotics (>99%) used in Danish hospitals were covered. The abxaware software package for R is a useful tool to help aggregate, visualise and analyse antibiotic use patterns.ConclusionsWith minor modifications, we adapted the AWaRe classification to cover most antibiotics used in Danish hospitals and to reflect Danish treatment guidelines. The abxaware package is a useful tool to aggregate and plot antibiotic usage data according to the AWaRe classification and to test for non-random variation in the percentage use of Access antibiotics.
Targeting the CD47/thrombospondin-1 signaling axis regulates immune cell bioenergetics in the tumor microenvironment to potentiate antitumor immune response
Authors: Stirling Elizabeth R , Terabe Masaki , Wilson Adam S , Kooshki Mitra , Yamaleyeva Liliya M , Alexander-Miller Martha A , Zhang Wei , Miller Lance D , Triozzi Pierre L , Soto-Pantoja David R 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCD47 is an integral membrane protein that alters adaptive immunosurveillance when bound to the matricellular glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). We examined the impact of the CD47/TSP1 signaling axis on melanoma patient response to anti-PD-1 therapy due to alterations in T cell activation, proliferation, effector function, and bioenergetics.MethodsA syngeneic B16 mouse melanoma model was performed to determine if targeting CD47 as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-1 impacted tumor burden. Cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells from Pmel-1 transgenic mice were used for T cell activation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and cellular bioenergetic assays. Single-cell RNA-sequencing, ELISA, and flow cytometry was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma of melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy to examine CD47/TSP1 expression.ResultsHuman malignant melanoma tissue had increased CD47 and TSP1 expression within the tumor microenvironment compared with benign tissue. Due to the negative implications CD47/TSP1 can have on antitumor immune responses, we targeted CD47 in a melanoma model and observed a decrease in tumor burden due to increased tumor oxygen saturation and granzyme B secreting CD8+ T cells compared with wild-type tumors. Additionally, Pmel-1 CD8+ T cells exposed to TSP1 had reduced activation, proliferation, and effector function against B16 melanoma cells. Targeting CD47 allowed CD8+ T cells to overcome this TSP1 interaction to sustain these functions. TSP1 exposed CD8+ T cells have a decreased rate of glycolysis; however, targeting CD47 restored glycolysis when CD8+ T cells were exposed to TSP1, suggesting CD47 mediated metabolic reprogramming of T cells. Additionally, non-responding patients to anti-PD-1 therapy had increased T cells expressing CD47 and circulating levels of TSP1 compared with responding patients. Since CD47/TSP1 signaling axis negatively impacts CD8+ T cells and non-responding patients to anti-PD-1 therapy have increased CD47/TSP1 expression, we targeted CD47 in combination with anti-PD-1 in a melanoma model. Targeting CD47 in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment further decreased tumor burden compared with monotherapy and control.ConclusionCD47/TSP1 expression could serve as a marker to predict patient response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment, and targeting this pathway may preserve T cell activation, proliferation, effector function, and bioenergetics to reduce tumor burden as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-1.
Effects of admission systemic inflammatory indicators on clinical outcomes in patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusion: insight from the PERSIST registry
Authors: Zhang Pan , Xu Pengfei , Duan Zuowei , Zhang Feng , Fang Yirong , Yan Dingyi , Zhang Hanhong , Cai Qiankun , Huang Xianjun , Huang Zhixin , Gu Mengmeng , Xiao Lulu , Wang Jinjing , Sun Wen 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFew studies have focused on the effect of systemic inflammation in vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators and the prognosis of VBAO patients receiving endovascular treatment (EVT).MethodPatients with VBAO who were treated with EVT within 24 hours of the estimated occlusion time were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression and elastic net regularization were performed to analyze the effects of inflammatory indicators on the prognosis of patients with VBAO. The primary outcome was unfavorable outcome (a modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6) at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, in-hospital mortality, 90 day mortality, 1 year unfavorable outcome, and mortality.Results560 patients were included in the study. Multivariate analysis showed that white blood cells (W), neutrophils (N), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to neutrophil ratio, platelet to white blood cell ratio, and NLR to platelet ratio were associated with the primary outcome. Elastic net regularization indicated that W, N, and NLR were the major inflammatory predictors of unfavorable outcome at 90 days. For long term prognosis, we found that the inflammatory indicators that predicted 1 year outcomes were consistent with those that predicted 90 day outcomes.ConclusionInflammatory indicators, especially W, N, and NLR, were associated with moderate and long term prognosis of patients with VBAO treated with EVT.
Application of deep learning models for detection of subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdollahifard Saeed , Farrokhi Amirmohammad , Mowla Ashkan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the application of deep learning (DL) models for the detection of subdural hematoma (SDH).MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search using relevant keywords. Articles extracted were original studies in which sensitivity and/or specificity were reported. Two different approaches of frequentist and Bayesian inference were applied. For quality and risk of bias assessment we used Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2).ResultsWe analyzed 22 articles that included 1,997,749 patients. In the first step, the frequentist method showed a pooled sensitivity of 88.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 83.9% to 92.4%) and a specificity of 97.2% (95% CI 94.6% to 98.6%). In the second step, using Bayesian methods including 11 studies that reported sensitivity and specificity, a sensitivity rate of 86.8% (95% CI: 77.6% to 92.9%) at a specificity level of 86.9% (95% CI: 60.9% to 97.2%) was achieved. The risk of bias assessment was not remarkable using QUADAS-2.ConclusionDL models might be an appropriate tool for detecting SDHs with a reasonably high sensitivity and specificity.
33rd ACM conference on hypertext and social media
Authors: Bellogin Alejandro , Boratto Ludovico , Cena Federica 
Published: November 2022

The ACM Hypertext conference is a premium venue for peer-reviewed research on hypertext theory, systems, and applications. It is concerned with all aspects of modern hypertext research including social media, semantic web, dynamic and computed hypertext and hypermedia as well as narrative systems and applications.
Hypertext 2022 was held in Barcelona, Spain, between June 28th and July 1st, co-located with ACM WebSci and ACM UMAP. Due to the global pandemic, this edition was the first hybrid one in this conference history, embracing both online and onsite attendees. This newsletter article briefly summarizes how the conference went and its major challenges.
More Recent Advances in (Hyper)Graph Partitioning
Authors: Çatalyürek Ümit , Devine Karen , Faraj Marcelo , Gottesbüren Lars , Heuer Tobias , Meyerhenke Henning , Sanders Peter , Schlag Sebastian , Schulz Christian , Seemaier Daniel , Wagner Dorothea 
Published: November 2022

In recent years, significant advances have been made in the design and evaluation of balanced (hyper)graph partitioning algorithms. We survey trends of the past decade in practical algorithms for balanced (hyper)graph partitioning together with future research directions. Our work serves as an update to a previous survey on the topic [
29
]. In particular, the survey extends the previous survey by also covering hypergraph partitioning and has an additional focus on parallel algorithms.
Silk-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Coatings for Enhanced Corrosion Protection and Cytocompatibility
Authors: Asadi Hamid , Ramasamy Ramaraja 
Published: November 2022

The clinical application of magnesium (Mg)-based alloys as biodegradable orthopedic implants is highly restricted because of their rapid corrosion rate in the physiological environment [1]. Polymeric coatings have been recognized as one of the most effective methods to tailor the corrosion rate of Mg alloys without changing their bulk properties, while providing them with other functionalities such as enhanced biocompatibility [2]. In this study, a composite polymeric coating based on silk fibroin (SF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was fabricated on AZ31 Mg alloy to enhance its corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility for biodegradable bone implant application. The coating was prepared by drop-cast method on AZ31 Mg alloy and fully characterized by various physiochemical techniques. The corrosion resistance of the coating and the effect of CNC inclusion on the corrosion protection performance of the coating were investigated through extensive electrochemical techniques (open circuit potential, polarization test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) as well as in vitro immersion tests. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the coating in terms of cellular toxicity and adhesion was assessed toward human fetal osteoblast cells. SEM images revealed the formation of a defect-free and uniform SF-CNC coating with a thickness of 11.2 ± 2.5 µm on AZ31 alloy. The results of the electrochemical corrosion and in vitro immersion tests clearly demonstrated an enhanced corrosion resistance of the SF coating after the incorporation of CNCs. Compared to the unmodified Mg alloy, the SF-CNC coated AZ31 exhibited a remarkably improved cytocompatibility with a viability of 114% and excellent adhesion and spreading of human fetal osteoblast cells onto the coating surface. The findings of this work highlight the great potential of SF and CNC as bio-based nature-derived anticorrosive nanofillers for fabrication of protective and biocompatible coatings on Mg-based biodegradable orthopedic implants.

References:

[1] Wang, Jia‐Li, et al. "Biodegradable magnesium‐based implants in orthopedics—a general review and perspectives." Advanced science 7.8 (2020): 1902443.
[2] Asadi, Hamid, et al. "A multifunctional polymeric coating incorporating lawsone with corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity for biomedical Mg alloys." Progress in Organic Coatings 153 (2021): 106157.