bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dasabuvir suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo through targeting ROCK1
Authors: Liu Xinning , Jiang Yanan , Zhou Hao , Li Mingzhu , Bao Zhuo , Wang Zitong , Zhang Chenyang , Xie Zhenliang , Zhao Jimin , Dong Zigang , Guo Zhiping , Liu Kangdong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an upper gastrointestinal cancer with high morbidity and mortality. New strategies are urgently needed to prolong patients’ survival. Through screening of FDA-approved drugs, we found dasabuvir, a drug approved for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, suppresses ESCC proliferation. Dasabuvir could inhibit the growth of ESCC cells in a time and dose-dependent manner and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. The antitumor activity was further validated in vivo using a patient-derived xenograft tumor model in mice. In terms of mechanism, we unveiled that dasabuvir is a Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) inhibitor. Dasabuvir can bind to ROCK1 and suppress its kinase activity, thus downregulating phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by ROCK1 and expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D1. These results provide evidence that dasabuvir suppresses ESCC growth in vivo and in vitro through blocking ROCK1/ERK signaling pathway.
Stakeholder views on informed consent models for future use of biological samples in Malawi and South Africa
Authors: Masiye Francis , Rennie Stuart , Jaoko Walter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Current advances in biomedical research have introduced new ethical challenges in obtaining informed consent in low and middle- income settings. Few studies have explored preferred informed consent models for future use of biological samples in Malawi and South Africa. Therefore, we conducted an empirical study to understand preferred consent models among key stakeholders in clinical studies that involve collection of biological samples in Malawi and South Africa. The main objective of the study was to explore views of key stakeholders on current policies on informed consent in Malawi and South Africa.
METHODS
This was a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Thirty-four in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions were conducted with REC members, Funders, Policymakers, CAB members and Research Participants in Malawi and South Africa to gather their views on models of informed consent. The study was conducted in Cape Town, South Africa, and Blantyre and Lilongwe in Malawi.
RESULTS
Most key stakeholders preferred broad consent and tiered consent to specific consent. Some participants expressed a strong preference for specific consent for future use of biological samples. Few participants did not have any preference for a consent model, opting for any consent model which provides adequate information about the proposed study and what their national consent regulations require. Finally, very few participants preferred blanket consent to other consent models.
CONCLUSIONS
This study aimed to help fill the gap in the scientific literature on key stakeholder views on consent models for future use of biological samples in Malawi and South Africa. The findings of the study have provided evidence to support policies on permissible consent models for future use of biological samples in sub-Saharan Africa considering the differences in informed consent regulations and guidelines. Finally, the findings can inform ongoing discussions on permissible consent models to be used for future use of biological samples.
Knowledge About Schizophrenia Test: The Chinese Mandarin version and its sociodemographic and clinical factors
Authors: Wang Ming , Zhao Miaomiao , Zhang Wufang , Li Wenxiu , He Rui , Ding Ruoxi , He Ping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia is a chronic, complex, and severe mental disorder and its knowledge can help improve patient adherence to treatment. This study aims to translate the Knowledge About Schizophrenia Test (KAST) into a Chinese Mandarin version and test it among caregivers to validate its reliability and reproducibility, as well as to determine its associated sociodemographic factors and clinical factors.
Methods
The project surveyed 160 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers at four community health facilities in Beijing, China, from January 2022 to February 2022. All patients and caregivers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire, and caregivers also completed the Chinese-version KAST, and 143 of these caregivers completed the Chinese-version KAST again 2–4 weeks later.
Results
The mean (SD) of the caregiver score was 11.49 (± 3.13). After item analysis, there was acceptable internal consistency among the 17 items in the Chinese version (KR-20 coefficient 0.702). The intraclass correlation coefficient in the retest (0.686) was statistically significant. Gender, educational attainment, marital status, relationship with the patient, and occupational status were associated with the KAST score.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that the Chinese-version KAST is a reliable and reproducible instrument that can measure knowledge about schizophrenia and is valid to be applied in schizophrenia research.
WITHDRAWN: Structural and Electrical Properties of Copper doped Alkali Borate Glasses
Authors: Srin G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The compositional effect on Physical properties, Optical absorption and Electrical properties of glass composition xK2O - (25-x) Li2O-12.5BaO-12.5MgO-49B2O3-1CuO (x =0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25mol %) was prepared by the melt-quenching technique. From optical absorption spectra few parameters, like Urbach energy, indirect allowed, reflection loss (R), refractive index (n), molar polarizability αm molar refractivity (Rm), and theoretical optical basicity (Λth) values of prepared glass samples were measured. The values of Rm, , and (Λth) were increase with increasing of x mol%. The Eopt, R, and n values were changed very small with x mol%, which may be due to the non-bridging oxygen’s moments in the glass matrix. The FTIR spectrum of prepared borate glasses indicates that the influence of BO3 and BO4 units of boron atoms. The explicit vibrational peaks were exhibited of Li–O, K–O, Mg–O, and Ba–O bonds in glass network, and A.C conductivity study was devised to know the structural information about the glass network. The drastic change in the ionic conductivity as a function of the alkali content in the glass composition was analyzed by considering both the ionic mobility and the glass structure. Some physical, optical, and electrical values varied non-linearly with the K2O content, which may influence of non- bridging oxygen’s or mixed alkali effect.
Mechanism of different adhesive strength of chemical vapor deposition diamond coatings on WC-Co and Si3N4: from surface morphologies during growth
Authors: Cao Chongyang , Ju Fasong , Zeng Xiangyong , Cao Chenyi , Chen Naichao , He Ping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Substrate has an essential influence on the growth process of diamond grains and the quality of the diamond coating. In this paper, the diamond coatings on Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates were deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique to study the effect of growth process on adhesive strength of coating. The WC-Co and Si3N4 substrates were treated by etching and polishing process, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the diamond coatings. Furthermore, the adhesive strength and tribological properties of the as-deposited diamond coatings were evaluated by indentation tests and dry sliding tests. The results showed that the diamond coating deposited on WC-Co had a considerable stronger adhesive strength and a higher friction coefficient than that on Si3N4, which may partly result from the flat surface morphologies of Si3N4 substrate that was due to no etching pretreatment. Thereafter, a novel etching method for Si3N4 surfaces by hydrofluoric acid (HF) was proposed to roughen the surface, and a new diamond coating with enhanced adhesive strength was fabricated on Si3N4. Hence, for the hard substrate, etching the surface, rather than polishing the surface, played an importance role on improving the adhesion strength of diamond coating.
Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed the role of selenium in mitigating the effects of lead stress on Vicia faba plant
Authors: Abdelsalam Asmaa , Boroujerdi Arezue , Soliman Elham R. S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The role of selenium in plant growth and stress tolerance has inspired substantial interest in agricultural production and development, while the impact on plant metabolomes has yet to be explored. The goal of this study is to investigate the developmental and metabolome changes induced by exogenous selenium addition to improve tolerance to lead stress. To do this, Vicia faba seeds were treated with 0.1 mM sodium selenate and then the foliar sprayed with 50 mM lead nitrate. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant boost in shoot and root growth. Based on 1H and 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR analysis, eighty-five metabolites have been identified in the polar extract of control, selenium, lead, and selenium plus lead treated shoots. The identified metabolites contain 40% amino acids, 11% fatty acids, 5% carbohydrates, 5% alkaloids, and 4% phenols. Lead-treated shoots (Pb, SP) displayed distinct metabolic profiles compared to control and selenium-treated shoots (quantitatively and qualitatively). Epinephrine and 3-methyladipate distinguished lead-treated samples from untreated samples. In selenium-treated samples, metabolites like trigonelline, DL-dopa, adenosine, and uridine were accumulated. Selenium plus lead-treated samples have higher levels of asparagine, phenylalanine, and xanthine. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed the presence of seventeen metabolic pathways that are significantly impacted by exogenous selenium and/or lead applications. This including, β-alanine pathway and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The current findings help in recognizing the key metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in V. faba resistance to lead stress.
Clustering Analysis of Risk Factors for Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI) Behaviors in Adolescents
Authors: Hou Xin , Zhong Yunling , Zhao Jiayu , Luo Jing , He Jinglong , Kang Qian , Liu Lingjiang , Li Xuehua , Yu Ling , Peng Zhenglei , Tang Lei , Yong Na , Luo Jiaming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The analysis of clustering characteristics of disease risk factors makes for the formulation of corresponding prevention and control policies, but the risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents is not covered, so this study is intended to explore the clustering characteristics of risk factors for NSSI behaviors in adolescents in the multi-center primary and secondary schools in western China.Methods: Utilising stratified and cluster sampling methods, a total of 13,784 primary and secondary school students who met the research standards were randomly selected as the survey subjects in year 2020, and the clustering situation of the seven risk factors (depression, anxiety, stress, low social support, tolerance, avoidance, and emotional venting) among the students was analyzed. The characteristics of the respondents with high clustering degree of risk factors for NSSI behaviors were also identified with the hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Results: 4.2% of the adolescents in western China were detected with NSSI behaviors in the past year; the risk factors were grouped into 4 clusters, ranging from level 0 to level 3, with each level including 7692 (55.8%), 3847 (27.9 %), 1303 (9.5%) and 941 (6.8%) of the survey subjects, respectively. The results of the Cochran-Armitage trend test analysis showed that there existed a linear trend between the clustering degree of risk factors and the detection rate of NSSI behaviors (P<0.000); according to the hierarchical logistic regression analysis, the clustering degree of risk factors for NSSI behaviors was higher in the adolescents whose parents divorced and remarried 1.22 (0.021~0.379) and whose fathers received only primary school education or below 1.23 (0.004~0.403). By contrats, the degree was lower in the adolescents who are male 0.93 (-0.133~-0.003) and had never attended boarding school 0.83 (-0.285~-0.094), whose parents were not divorced 0.80 (-0.367~-0.072), and whose fathers were farmers 0.99 (-0.136~0.123). Conclusion: The risk factors for NSSI behaviors in adolescents are in clusters. As the risk factors continue to cluster, NSSI behaviors can be detected more easily in adolescents. With respect to the endeavors to prevent and control NSSI behaviors in adolescents, more attention should be focused on the mental health of the adolescents who are female and attend boarding schools, whose parents have broken marriages, and whose fathers have low literacy.
A Deep Learning Approach to Track Arabidopsis Seedlings’ Circumnutation from Time-lapse Videos
Authors: Mao Yixiang , Liu Hejian , Wang Yao , Brenner Eric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Circumnutation is the side-to-side movement common among growing plant appendages but the purpose for circumnutation is not always clear. Accurately tracking and quantifying circumnutation can help researchers to better study its underlying purpose. Results: In this paper, a deep learning-based model is proposed to track the circumnutating flowering apices in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana from time-lapse videos. By utilizing U-Net to segment the apex, and combining with the model update mechanism, pre- and post- processing steps, the proposed model significantly improves the tracking time and accuracy over other baseline tracking methods. Additionally, we evaluate the computational complexity of the proposed model and further develop a method to accelerate the inference speed of the model. The fast algorithm can track the apices in real-time on a computer without GPU. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the accuracy of tracking the flowering apices in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana can be improved with our proposed deep learning-based model. The time-lapse video dataset of Arabidopsis is also provided which can be used for future studies on Arabidopsis in various takes.
DDX41 coordinates RNA splicing and transcriptional elongation to prevent DNA replication stress in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Shinriki Satoru , Hirayama Mayumi , Nagamachi Akiko , Yokoyama Akihiko , Kawamura Takeshi , Kanai Akinori , Kawai Hidehiko , Iwakiri Junichi , Liu Rin , Maeshiro Manabu , Tungalag Saruul , Tasaki Masayoshi , Ueda Mitsuharu , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Kataoka Naoyuki , Ideue Takashi , Suzuki Yutaka , Asai Kiyoshi , Tani Tokio , Inaba Toshiya , Matsui Hirotaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Myeloid malignancies with DDX41 mutations are often associated with bone marrow failure and cytopenia before overt disease manifestation. However, the mechanisms underlying these specific conditions remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that loss of DDX41 function impairs efficient RNA splicing, resulting in DNA replication stress with excess R-loop formation. Mechanistically, DDX41 binds to the 5ʹ splice site (5ʹSS) of coding RNA and coordinates RNA splicing and transcriptional elongation; loss of DDX41 prevents splicing-coupled transient pausing of RNA polymerase II at 5ʹSS, causing aberrant R-loop formation and transcription-replication collisions. Although the degree of DNA replication stress acquired in S phase is small, cells undergo mitosis with under-replicated DNA being remained, resulting in micronuclei formation and significant DNA damage, thus leading to impaired cell proliferation and genomic instability. These processes may be responsible for disease phenotypes associated with DDX41 mutations.
A Novel Panel of 36 Insertion/Deletion (InDel) Markers for Human Identification
Authors: Filoglu Gonul , Duvenci Arzu , Tas Sebahat , Karadayi Huseyin , asicioglu Faruk , Bulbul Ozlem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: In recent years, the insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism has become a preferred genetic marker in forensic genetics due to its low mutation rates and small amplicon sizes. In this study, a 36-InDelplex identification panel, consisting of autosomal 34 InDel loci, 1 Y InDel locus, and amelogenin, was developed and gene frequencies in the Turkish population were determined. Methods and Results: The loci of the InDel panel with global minimum allele frequencies (MAF) ≥ 0.4 were selected from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 data. The amplicon sizes of the loci were designed to be smaller than 250 bp. In the validation study of the created panel, analysis threshold, dynamic range, sensitivity, stochastic threshold, inhibitor tolerance, and reproducibility parameters were studied in accordance with the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guideline. The sensitivity studies indicated that complete and reliable InDel profiles could be obtained with 0.25 ng of DNA. The 36-InDelplex panel was evaluated using the 250 samples from individuals of Turkey. The mean observed heterozygosity ratio (Ho) of all loci was 0.48. Combined discrimination power (CPD) is 0.999999999999988 and combined exclusion probability (CPE) is 0.9987. The population comparison also made using Turkish and each of the five major populations 1000 Genomes Phase 3 populations’ data for each of the five major populations (i.e., African, European, East Asian, South Asian, and American). Conclusions: The results showed that the 36-InDelplex panel is a reliable, sensitive and accurate system, which is suitable for human identification and population genetics purposes.
A school-integrated physical exercise program improves motor performance of children and adolescents
Authors: Homeyer Denise , Dagdar Nima Memaran , Kück Momme , Grams Lena , Born Jeannine von der , Bauer Elena , Schwalba Martina , Kerling Arno , von Maltzahn Nadine , Albrecht Alexander , Haverich Axel , Stiesch Meike , Melk Anette , Tegtbur Uwe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Children’s sedentary time has increased in recent years, especially during school, while daily physical activity has decreased. The lack of physical activity can contribute to a deterioration in motor performance, which is key to a healthy development. We implemented a comprehensive exercise program in the school setting. Our study aimed to evaluate this program by assessing changes in motor skills after one year and to compare these changes to children who did not participate.Methods: A total of 357 children from 5 schools were included in this observational longitudinal cohort study. Motor skills were assessed using the German Motor Test 6-18. Children were either assigned to the exercise group (EG) or waiting group (WG). The EG participated in the physical activity program for one year. Of those, a total of 303 children (EG n=183; WG n=120) completed motor tests at baseline and follow-up one year later, and comprise the study population. Linear mixed modeling was used to calculate corrected means and analyze for inter-group differences of change in motor skills after one year between the groups, and to determine the effect of sex, age group and weight category on the change in motor skills. Results: After one year of additional physical activity, the EG improved significantly more strongly in 6 out of 8 motor skill tests than the WG. After the adjustment for sex, age, and BMI the improvement is still significantly stronger in the EG in 4 of 8 motor skill tests (sprint, side jumps, both p=0.017; stand and reach, p=0.012; ergometry, p=<0.001), when compared to the WG. Girls improved more strongly in the sit-ups than boys, 2nd graders more than 5th graders in the backwards balance and the ergometry, non-overweight pupils more in the standing long jump than overweight children. Conclusions: Participating in the exercise program for one year positively influenced motor skill development in schoolchildren. Our data suggest that girls were not disadvantaged, and even improved more than boys in the sit-ups, and that overweight pupils profited as much as their non-overweight peers in all categories but one. The exercise program, simple and easily implemented into the school routine, is effective in increasing motor skills and physical fitness.
Causality methods to study the functional connectivity in brain networks: the basal ganglia – thalamus causal interactions.
Authors: Rodriguez-Sabate Clara , Gonzalez Albano , Perez-Darias Juan Carlos , Morales Ingrid , Sole Miguel , Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study uses methods recently developed to study the complex evolution of atmospheric phenomena which have some similarities with the dynamics of the human brain. In both cases, it is possible to record the activity of particular centers (geographic regions or brain nuclei) but not to make an experimental modification of their state. The study of “causality”, which is necessary to understand the dynamics of these complex systems and to develop robust models that can predict their evolution, is hampered by the experimental restrictions imposed by the nature of both systems. The study was performed with data obtained in the thalamus and basal ganglia of awake humans executing different tasks. Basal ganglia (BG) obtain information from all regions of the cerebral cortex and return it in a processed form to the cortical regions of origin. Cortical information reaches the BG through the striatum and is sent back to the cortex by thalamic centers. Some centers of the thalamus are critical for information processing in the BG neuronal network. The motor thalamus returns the BG information to the primary motor cortex and the intralaminar nuclei and the mediodorsal nucleus recirculate the motor information within the BG circuits, thus bypassing the brain cortex. This work studies the linear, non-linear and more complex relationships of these thalamic centers with the cortex and main BG nuclei, using three complementary techniques: the partial correlation regression method, the Gaussian process regression/distance correlation and a model-free method based on nearest-neighbor that computes the conditional mutual information.
1.6 Tbit/s OFDM WDM-PON system employing RSOA as a colorless transmitter
Authors: Alhalabi Mahmoud , Taşpınar Necmi , El-Nahal Fady 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we have evaluated a bidirectional Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) employing Intensity Modulated/Direct Detection Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (IM/DD-OFDM). The proposed system employs 100 Gbps 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) downstream and 5 Gbps On-Off keying (OOK) upstream wavelengths, respectively. The proposed system is considered low-cost as non-coherent IM/DD OFDM technology and a simple Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) colorless transmitter are employed and no Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) is needed. Based on the BER results of WDM signals, the proposed WDM-PON system can achieve up to 1.6 Tbit/s (100 Gbit/s/λ × 16 wavelengths) downstream transmission over a 30 km single mode fiber (SMF).