bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suggested mesiodistal distance for multiple implant placement based on the natural tooth crown dimension with digital design
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zhu Fangyu , Samal Ankita , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to identify a mesiodistal algorithm for multiple posterior implant placement based upon an ideal prosthetically restoration design.MethodsOne hundred one cases of posterior free‐end edentulous arches were selected for digital crown designs and measurements. Cone bean computed tomogram and digital fabricated crown were applied. DICOM files were exported to a viewer software (BlueSkyPlan4) to generate digital crown and measurement. The mesiodistal space between roots of adjacent teeth and center of the potential implant horizontally, from both cross‐section and coronal plane were measured. Comparisons were performed using t‐tests.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the distances of the maxillary and mandibular posterior implants to adjacent natural teeth (p > 0.05). For interdental/implant distances, premolars are around 4.2 mm and molars are 5.4 mm, correspondently. The second premolar interimplant distance is around 7–7.4 mm. The distance of interimplant of the first molar is about 8–8.5 mm. For the maxillary second molar, the interimplant distance is 9.26 ± 0.29 mm and the mandibular second molar interimplant distance is 9.58 ± 0.19 mm, which is significantly different. No difference was found between the two different measurement methods.ConclusionA mesiodistal algorithm of 4–4.6 (implant to adjacent canine tooth), 7–7.4, 8–8.5, and 9–9.5 mm was recommended for interimplant/tooth distance from first premolar to second molar when placing implants with or without case‐specific prosthetic planning prior to surgery.
Bone regeneration using titanium plate stabilization for the treatment of peri‐implant bone defects: A retrospective radiologic pilot study
Authors: Duan Deng‐Hui , Wang Hom‐Lay , Xiao Wu‐Cai , Liu Zheng , Wang En‐Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo 3‐dimensional radiographically assess the effect of titanium plate in guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the treatment of peri‐implant ridge defects in esthetic zone.Material and MethodsNineteen patients with buccal peri‐implant defects in the maxillary esthetic zone were treated with GBR using xenograft, autogenous bone, and collagen membrane. Subjects were divided into two groups: control (conventional GBR, 10 patients with 16 implants) and test (GBR with an adjunctive titanium plate; nine patients with 15 implants). Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained immediately after and 5–7 months following GBR were used to assess buccal crestal bone level (BBL) and buccal bone thickness (BBT) at different implant levels.ResultsThirty‐one implants in 19 patients were evaluated. Titanium plate exposure occurred in three cases (33.33%) of the test group. After 5–7 months, the mean BBL was located 1.48 ± 0.71 mm coronal to the platform in the test group and 0.90 ± 3.03 mm coronal to the platform in the control group (p = 0.03). The mean over all BBT (BBT‐M) was 4.16 ± 0.48 mm in the test group and 2.38 ± 0.97 mm in the control group (p < 0.01). More resorption occurred in the control group than in the test group regarding mean BBL (3.00 ± 3.11 mm vs. 0.78 ± 0.79 mm, respectively; p = 0.04), BBT‐M change (1.87 ± 1.59 mm vs. 0.56 ± 0.33 mm, respectively; p = 0.02), and percentage change in BBT‐M (40.69 ± 24.01% vs. 11.53 ± 5.86%, respectively; p < 0.01).ConclusionIn the short‐term, titanium plate‐enhanced GBR maintained ridge dimensions better than conventional GBR did.
The relationship between anti‐Müllerian hormone, body mass index and weight loss: A review of the literature
Authors: Kloos Jacqueline , Coyne Kathryn , Weinerman Rachel 
Published: October 2022

SummaryAnti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is commonly used as a proxy for ovarian reserve due to its secretion by antral follicles. It is considered a metric for prediction of ovarian response to certain assisted reproduction therapies. As obesity has a negative impact on fertility, it is important to establish whether obesity‐induced hormonal changes influence AMH levels, if and how weight loss affects AMH, and if that influence represents altered reproductive function. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on the effects of body mass index and weight loss on AMH levels. A PubMed literature keyword search with relevant terms was performed to identify studies that have reported on the AMH/BMI relationship in cohorts with or without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). A second search was performed to gather publications on weight loss and AMH. Both searches were filtered for all full‐text, English‐language, adult‐female and human‐only literature through 1 January 2022. The relationship between AMH and body mass index (BMI) in reproductive‐aged women remains inconclusive, with studies in women with and without PCOS producing mixed results. Research in this area is currently limited by failure to analyse the full spectrum of obesity, hindering generalization to a global population increasingly affected by the condition. Some authors pointed to evidence of race/ethnicity as a confounding factor of the relationship, but results between studies are contradictory. Limited evidence on weight loss suggests it may decrease AMH levels despite improving fertility outcomes, particularly after bariatric surgery. The impact of BMI and weight loss on AMH levels has not been conclusively established. Future studies will require appropriate design and sample size calculations, consideration for additional potential confounding factors and inclusion of higher BMIs and a thorough analysis of the full range of obesity.
A structured narrative review of clinical and experimental studies of the use of different positive end‐expiratory pressure levels during thoracic surgery
Authors: Yueyi Jiang , Jing Tan , Lianbing Gu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to present a review on the general effects of different positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels during thoracic surgery by qualitatively categorizing the effects into detrimental, beneficial, and inconclusive.Data sourceLiterature search of Pubmed, CNKI, and Wanfang was made to find relative articles about PEEP levels during thoracic surgery. We used the following keywords as one‐lung ventilation, PEEP, and thoracic surgery.ResultsWe divide the non‐individualized PEEP value into five grades, that is, less than 5, 5, 5–10, 10, and more than 10 cmH2O, among which 5 cmH2O is the most commonly used in clinic at present to maintain alveolar dilatation and reduce the shunt fraction and the occurrence of atelectasis, whereas individualized PEEP, adjusted by test titration or imaging method to adapt to patients' personal characteristics, can effectively ameliorate intraoperative oxygenation and obtain optimal pulmonary compliance and better indexes relating to respiratory mechanics.ConclusionsAvailable data suggest that PEEP might play an important role in one‐lung ventilation, the understanding of which will help in exploring a simple and economical method to set the appropriate PEEP level.
Reversal of rocuronium‐induced intense neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex in Korean children: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis
Authors: Ji Sang‐Hwan , Huh Ki Young , Oh Jaeseong , Jeong Hee‐Jeong , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSugammadex, a selective antagonist of steroidal non‐depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, has been used in children in limited circumstances. However, neither pharmacokinetics (PKs) nor recovery profile of sugammadex for intense neuromuscular blockade reversal in children have been reported. This prospective study aimed to obtain a PK model of sugammadex and evaluate its efficacy and safety for intense neuromuscular blockade reversal in children. Forty children (age, 2–17 years) who underwent surgery that required early neuromuscular blockade reversal were enrolled. After neuromuscular blockade with 1 mg∙kg−1 of rocuronium, sugammadex (2, 4, and 8 mg∙kg−1) or a conventional dose of neostigmine (0.03 mg∙kg−1) was administered randomly after confirmation of zero post‐tetanic count. The plasma concentrations of rocuronium and sugammadex were measured 2 min after rocuronium injection; immediately before, 2, 5, 15, 60, 120, 240, and 480 min after the study drug injection. Response to train‐of‐four stimulation was continuously recorded. Noncompartmental analysis and population PK modeling were performed. For pharmacodynamics, the recovery profile was measured. Three‐compartment PK model was established for sugammadex. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time from injection of 8 mg∙kg−1 of sugammadex to recovery of T4/T1greater than or equal to 0.9 at train‐of‐four stimulation was 1.1 (IQR: 0.88–1.8) min. No adverse events related to sugammadex were observed. We present a PK analysis of sugammadex for rocuronium‐induced intense neuromuscular blockade reversal in children with its recovery profile. The time to recover T4/T1 greater than or equal to 0.9 at train‐of‐four stimulation with 8 mg∙kg−1 of sugammadex was less than 3 min and comparable to that in adults.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Ningyuan , Wang Ge , Liu Chao , Liu Jiayi , Huang Shengyuan , Zhou Yong , Xiao Enhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the potential causal relationship between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsTwo‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to appraise after controlling for the confounding factors. Genetic instrument variables for NAFLD surrogated by chronically elevated serum alanine transferase were derived from a recent genome‐wide association study. Diabetes‐related complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis, nephropathy and retinopathy, were included as outcomes. Four complementary MR methods were used to test reliability.ResultsGenetically instrumented NAFLD showed a suggestive causal association with ketoacidosis in T1D (odds ratio [OR]: 1.574; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.076, 2.302;P = .019; false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.096) and a significant causal association with early‐stage kidney disease in T1D (OR: 1.249; 95% CI: 1.089, 1.432;P = 1.457 × 10−3, FDR = 0.015). Sensitivity analysis indicated low heterogeneity, low pleiotropy and high reliability of the causal estimates. However, the MR analyses failed to show a causal association between NAFLD and T1D retinopathy, T2D ketoacidosis, nephropathy and retinopathy.ConclusionsThis study supports a causal effect of genetically driven chronic serum alanine aminotransferase‐associated NAFLD on early‐stage kidney disease in T1D and a suggestive causal effect on ketoacidosis in T1D. However, MR studies did not provide enough evidence to suggest that NAFLD independently increases the risk of retinopathy in T1D and of ketoacidosis, nephropathy and retinopathy in T2D.
Progress and challenges in the harmonisation of European undergraduate dental education: A systematic literature review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Bryce Marie , Zahra Daniel , Burns Lorna , Hanks Sally , Gale Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionHarmonising education to support workforce mobility has been a policy objective for the European Union. However, alignment across varied national contexts presents challenges in dental education.MethodsA systematic literature review with narrative synthesis. Searches of the electronic databases Embase [Ovid]; MEDLINE [Ovid]; Scopus; CINAHL; AMED and PsycINFO were conducted for relevant material published between 2000 and 2019 on undergraduate curricula, quality standards and learning outcomes in dentistry.ResultsSeventy‐six papers met the inclusion criteria. Fifty‐three papers were commentaries or editorials, twenty‐one were research studies, and two were literature reviews on specific dental subfields. Eighteen of the research studies reported surveys. The literature contains extensive proposals for undergraduate curricula or learning outcomes, either broadly or for subfields of dentistry. Included papers demonstrated the importance of EU policy and educator‐led initiatives as drivers for harmonisation. There is limited evidence on the extent to which proposed pan‐European curricula or learning outcomes have been implemented. The nature and extent of dental students' clinical experience with patients is an area of variance across European Union member states. Arrangements for the quality assurance of dental education differ between countries.DiscussionHarmonisation of European dental education has engaged educators, as seen in the publication of proposed curricula and learning outcomes. However, differences remain in key areas such as clinical experience with patients, which has serious implications if graduate dentists migrate to countries where different expectations exist. Mutual recognition of professional qualifications between countries relies on education which meets certain standards, but institutional autonomy makes drawing national comparisons problematic.
Reevaluation of Makuuchi’s criteria for resecting hepatocellular carcinoma: A Japanese nationwide survey
Authors: Aramaki Osamu , Takayama Tadatoshi , Matsuyama Yutaka , Kubo Shoji , Kokudo Norihiro , Kurosaki Masayuki , Murakami Takamichi , Shiina Shuichiro , Kudo Masatoshi , Sakamoto Michiie , Nakashima Osamu , Fukumoto Takumi , Iijima Hiroko , Eguchi Susumu , Soejima Yuji , Makuuchi Masatoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimAlthough Makuuchi’s criteria are widely used to determine the cut‐off for safe liver resection, there have been few reports of concrete data supporting their validity. Here, we verified the utility of Makuuchi’s criteria by comparing the operative mortality rates associated with liver resection between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients meeting or exceeding the criteria.MethodsA database was built using data from 15 597 patients treated between 2000 and 2007 for whom values for all three variables included in Makuuchi’s criteria for liver resection (clinical ascites, serum bilirubin, and indocyanine green clearance) were available. The patients were divided into those fulfilling (n = 12 175) or exceeding (n = 3422) the criteria. The postoperative mortality (death for any reason within 30 days) and long‐term survival were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe operative mortality rate was significantly lower in patients meeting the criteria than in those exceeding the criteria (1.07% vs. 2.01%, respectively; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, exceeded the criteria was significantly associated with the risk for operative mortality (relative risk 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–3.52; p = 0.007). Surgical indication meeting or exceeding the criteria was an independent factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18–1.36; p < 0.001).ConclusionMakuuchi’s criteria are suitable for determining the indication for resection of HCC due to the reduction in risk of operative mortality.
Ultrasound‐assisted microemulsions of anthocyanins extracted from black carrot pomace and its utilisation as functional component in kulfi: implication on in vitro release, bio‐functional components and rheological characteristics
Authors: Kaur Gurkirat , Sharma Neha , Singh Arashdeep , Kapoor Swati , Khatkar Sunil Kumar 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe present study explores the possibility of encapsulating anthocyanins from black carrot pomace (BCP) into water in oil (w/o) type emulsion via two‐stage emulsification (high‐speed shear homogenisation and ultrasonication). Anthocyanin‐loaded emulsions (Antho‐Es) with different extract to oil (EO) ratio (50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80 and 10:90) exhibits particle size, zeta potential, dispersibility index in the range of 1132 to 2709 nm, −21.02 to −29.64 mV, 0.617 to 1.120 respectively. Anth‐Es exhibits linear visco‐elastic behaviour with high loss modulus than storage modulus. Anth‐Es with 30% EO ratio exhibits higher encapsulation efficiency (88.07%) and anthocyanin release (81.56%) after 4 h of in vitro gastrointestinal incubation. Increasing the EO ratio in Antho‐Es decreased the lightness (86.46–79.12) and increased the redness values (7.46–15.35), antioxidant activities (33.08–79.12%) and phenolic content (31.37–90.56 mg GAE/100 g). FTIR spectra also confirmed the successful enclosure of anthocyanins into the NEs. The best characterised Antho‐Es (30%) was used as anthocyanins fortification in functional kulfi and compared with BCP and its extract. Kulfi with Antho‐Es exhibits highest anthocyanins stability (86.40%), antioxidant activity (75.60%). Antho‐Es also help to reduce the melting rate of kulfi and enhance redness value which further enhances the sensory attribute and overall acceptability of the kulfi.
Infant locomotion shapes proximity to adults during everyday play in the U.S.
Authors: Chen Qi , Schneider Joshua L. , West Kelsey L. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLearning to walk expands infants’ access to the physical environment and prompts changes in their communicative behaviors. However, little is known about whether walking also shapes infants’ proximity to their adult social partners during everyday activities at home. Here we followed 89 infants (42 boys, 47 girls; 92% White, not Hispanic or Latino) longitudinally and documented connections between infant locomotion and infant‐adult proximity on two timescales: (1) across developmental time, by comparing data from a session when infants could only crawl to a later session when they could walk (M walk onset = 12.15 months, range = 8‐15); and (2) in real time, by testing whether the amount of time that infants spent in motion (regardless of their locomotor status) related to their interpersonal distance to adults. The developmental transition to walking corresponded to a significant, but modest, decrease in infant‐adult proximity. Infants’ moment‐to‐moment locomotion, however, was strongly related to patterns of interpersonal distance: infants who spent more time in motion spent less time near adults and instigated more proximity transitions, resulting in shorter and more dispersed bouts of proximity throughout sessions. Findings shed new light on how infants’ motor achievements can reverberate across other domains of development, and how changes in infant development that researchers often observe over months arise from infants’ moment‐to‐moment experiences.
Characterisation of key biomarkers in diabetic ulcers via systems bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Zhang Ying , Yang Dan , Luo Yue , Luo Ying , Ru Yi , Song Jiankun , Fei Xiaoya , Chen Yiran , Li Bin , Jiang Jingsi , Kuai Le 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiabetic ulcers (DUs) are characterised by a high incidence and disability rate. However, its pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms for the pathogenesis of DUs has vital implications. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was performed on the main data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were adopted to analyse the potential biological function of the most relevant module. Furthermore, we utilised CytoHubba and protein–protein interaction network to identify the hub genes. Finally, the hub genes were validated by animal experiments in diabetic ulcer mice models. The expression of genes from the turquoise module was found to be strongly related to DUs. GO terms, KEGG analysis showed that biological functions are closely related to immune response. The hub genes included IFI35, IFIT2, MX2, OASL, RSAD2, and XAF1, which were higher in wounds of DUs mice than that in normal lesions. Additionally, we also demonstrated that the expression of hub genes was correlated with the immune response using immune checkpoint, immune cell infiltration, and immune scores. These data suggests that IFI35, IFIT2, MX2, OASL, RSAD2, and XAF1 are crucial for DUs.
Let's Not Do Responsibility Skepticism
Authors: Levy Ken M. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTI argue for three conclusions. First, responsibility skeptics are committed to the position that the criminal justice system should adopt a universal nonresponsibility excuse. Second, a universal nonresponsibility excuse would diminish some of our most deeply held values, further dehumanize criminals, exacerbate mass incarceration, and cause an even greater number of innocent people (nonwrongdoers) to be punished. Third, while Saul Smilansky's ‘illusionist’ response to responsibility skeptics – that even if responsibility skepticism is correct, society should maintain a responsibility‐realist/retributivist criminal justice system – is generally compelling, it would not work if a majority of society were to convert, theoretically and psychologically, to responsibility skepticism. In this (highly improbable) scenario, and only in this (highly improbable) scenario, the criminal justice system would need to be reformed in such a way that it aligned with the majority's responsibility‐skeptical beliefs and attitudes.
SNARE‐binding protein synaptosomal‐associated protein of 29 kDa (SNAP29) regulates the intracellular sequestration of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicles in adipocytes
Authors: Matsui Kumiko , Emoto Masahiro , Fukuda Naofumi , Nomiyama Ryuta , Yamada Kyoko , Tanizawa Yukio 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionInsulin stimulates translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the perinuclear location to the plasma membrane. In the unstimulated state, intracellular vesicles containing GLUT4 are sequestered into specialized storage vesicles that have come to be known as the insulin‐responsive compartment (IRC). The IRC is a functional compartment in the perinuclear region that is a target of the insulin signaling cascade, although its precise nature is unclear. Here, we report a novel molecular mechanism facilitating formation of the IRC.Materials and MethodsWe determined synaptosomal‐associated protein of 29 kDa (SNAP29) by mass spectrometry to be an EH domain‐containing protein 1 (EHD1)‐binding protein. Then, its expression was confirmed by western blotting. Subcellular localization of SNAP29 was determined by immunofluorescent microscopy. Interactions between SNAP29 and syntaxins were determined by immunoprecipitation. We measured glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in 3T3‐L1 adipocyte expressing SNAP29 or silencing SNAP29.ResultsWe found SNAP29 to be localized in the perinuclear region and to show partial co‐localization with GLUT4 under basal conditions. We also found that SNAP29 binds to syntaxin6, a Qc‐SNARE, in adipocytes. In SNAP29‐expressing cells, vesicles containing GLUT4 were observed to aggregate around the perinuclear region. In contrast, when SNAP29 was silenced, perinuclear GLUT4 vesicles were dispersed throughout the cytosol. Insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake was inhibited in both SNAP29‐expressing and SNAP29‐silenced cells.ConclusionsThese data suggest that SNAP29 sequesters and anchors GLUT4‐containing vesicles in the perinuclear region, and might have a role in the biogenesis of the perinuclear IRC.