bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of respiratory physiotherapy interventions on pulmonary mechanics of newborns: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Nunes Adriele de Morais , Fernandes Ana Tereza do Nascimento Sales Figu , de Castro Silva Adynna Tévina , Pereira Costa Mayara Fabiana , Monteiro Karolinne Souza , Pereira Silvana Alves 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionAlthough respiratory physiotherapy techniques may reduce respiratory load in newborns, manual contact with the ribcage may interfere with pulmonary mechanics. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of conventional and non-conventional respiratory physiotherapies on pulmonary mechanics of newborns.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Central and Web of Science databases. Searches will be conducted from September 2022. We will include randomised clinical trials reporting thoracoabdominal synchrony, lung volumes and capacities, respiratory discomfort and pain in newborns aged between 1 hour and 28 days and admitted to neonatal intensive care units. We will exclude studies not fully available or incomplete and studies conducted with newborns presenting structural alterations. Two independent researchers will perform the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. After consensus, one reviewer will proceed with the process. We will include studies published in English or Portuguese, without publication date restriction. An overview of the included studies and extracted information will be reported and the quality of studies will be assessed. A meta-analysis will be conducted if data regarding between-group comparisons are available.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review. Results will be presented in journals and national and international conferences, and findings will be shared on social media using accessible language.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021266729.
Association between haemoglobin concentration and intradialytic hypotension in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hara Takashi , Kasahara Yuto , Nakagawa Takahiko 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesHaemoglobin concentration is a potentially modifiable factor that may help lower the risk of intradialytic hypotension (IDH), but its association with IDH is not well understood. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between haemoglobin concentration and IDH.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingWe evaluated patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis in December 2017 at Rakuwakai Otowa Kinen Hospital.ParticipantsA total of 543 patients were included. We defined exposure according to the following five categories depending on haemoglobin concentrations by 1.0 increments: <9.0, ≥9.0 to <10.0, 10.0 to <11.0, ≥11.0 to <12.0 and ≥12.0 g/dL.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome of interest was the development of IDH, defined as any nadir <100 mm Hg if the pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) was ≥160 mm Hg or any nadir <90 mm Hg if the pre-dialysis SBP was <160 mm Hg (IDHnadir).ResultsOverall, IDHnadiroccurred in 14.3% (465/3250) of the sessions. With a haemoglobin concentration of ≥10.0 to <11.0 g/dL set as reference, the adjusted ORs for IDHnadirwere 0.82 (95% CI, 0.32 to 2.15), 1.16 (95% CI, 0.56 to 2.39), 1.26 (95% CI, 0.68 to 2.36) and 3.01 (95% CI, 1.50 to 6.07) for haemoglobin concentrations of <9.0, ≥9.0 to <10.0, ≥11.0 to <12.0 and ≥12.0 g/dL, respectively. In the cubic spline analysis, a high haemoglobin concentration was associated with the development of IDHnadir.ConclusionHigh haemoglobin concentration is associated with IDH, and thus, the upper limit of haemoglobin concentration should be closely monitored in patients with IDH.
A cohort study of adolescents with depression in China: tracking
multidimensional outcomes and early biomarkers for intervention
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Zhou Yanling , Sun Jiaqi , Yang Ruilan , Chen Jianshan , Cheng Xiaofang , Li Zezhi , Chen Xinlei , Yang Chanjuan , Zhu Xinhong , Cao Liping 
Published: August 2022

Background
Depression in adolescents is recognised as a global public health
concern, but little is known about the trajectory of its clinical
symptoms and pathogenesis. Understanding the nature of adolescents with
depression and identifying early biomarkers can facilitate personalised
intervention and reduce disease burden.

Aims
To track multidimensional outcomes of adolescents with depression
and develop objective biomarkers for diagnosis, as well as response to
treatment, prognosis and guidance for early identification and
intervention.

Methods
This is a multidimensional cohort study on the Symptomatic
trajectory and Biomarkers of Early Adolescent Depression (sBEAD). We
planned to recruit more than 1000 adolescents with depression and 300
healthy controls within 5 years. Multidimensional clinical presentations
and objective indicators are collected at baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12 and
24, and years 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal cohort
study that examines multidimensional clinical manifestations and
multilevel objective markers in Chinese adolescents with depression.
This study aims at providing early individualised interventions for
young, depressed patients to reduce the burden of disease.

Trial registration number
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ID ChiCTR2100049066.
Endovascular treatment of acute tandem lesions in patients with mild anterior circulation stroke
Authors: Meyer Lukas , Politi Maria , Alexandrou Maria , Roth Christian , Kastrup Andreas , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Hanning Uta , Flottmann Fabian , Brekenfeld Caspar , Deb-Chatterji Milani , Thomalla Goetz , Kniep Helge , Faizy Tobias D , Bechstein Matthias , Broocks Gabriel , Herzberg Moriz , Feil Katharina , Kellert Lars , Dorn Franziska , Zeleňák Kamil , Fiehler Jens , Papanagiotou Panagiotis 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIn patients with mild strokes the risk–benefit ratio of endovascular treatment (EVT) for tandem lesions has yet to be evaluated outside of current guideline recommendations. This study investigates the frequency as well as procedural and safety outcomes in daily clinical practice.MethodsUsing data from the German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment (GSR-ET) we analyzed patients with anterior circulation stroke due to tandem-lesions and mild deficits. These patients were defined as ≤5 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Recanalization was assessed with the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Scale (mTICI). Early neurological and long-term functional outcomes were assessed with the NIHSS change and modified Rankin scale (mRS), respectively. Safety assessment included periprocedural complications and the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).ResultsA total of 61 patients met the inclusion criteria and were treated endovascularly for tandem lesions. The median age was 68 (IQR:59–76) and 32.9% (20) were female. Patients were admitted to the hospital with a median NIHSS score of 4 (IQR:2–5) and a median Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 9 (IQR:8–10). Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b-3) was observed in 86.9% (53). NIHSS decreased non-significantly (p=0.382) from baseline to two points (IQR:1–9) at discharge. Excellent (mRS≤1) and favorable (mRS≤2) long-term functional outcome at 90-days was 55.8% (29) and 69.2% (36), respectively. Mortality rates at 90-days were 9.6% (5) and sICH occurred in 8.2% (5).ConclusionsEVT for tandem lesions in patients with mild anterior circulation stroke appears to be feasible but may lead to increased rates of sICH. Further studies comparing endovascular with best medical treatment (BMT) especially investigating the risk of periprocedural hemorrhagic complications, are needed.
Physiological and radiological parameters predicting outcome from penetrating traumatic brain injury treated in the deployed military setting
Authors: Breeze John , Whitford A , Gensheimer W G , Berg C 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPenetrating traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death in current military conflicts, and results in significant morbidity in survivors. Identifying those physiological and radiological parameters associated with worse clinical outcomes following penetrating TBI in the austere setting may assist military clinicians to provide optimal care.MethodAll emergency neurosurgical procedures performed at a Role 3 Medical Treatment Facility in Afghanistan for penetrating TBI between 01 January 2016 and 18 December 2020 were analysed. The odds of certain clinical outcomes (death and functional dependence post-discharge) occurring following surgery were matched to existing agreed preoperative variables described in current US and UK military guidelines. Additional physiological and radiological variables including those comprising the Rotterdam criteria of TBI used in civilian settings were additionally analysed to determine their potential utility in a military austere setting.Results55 casualties with penetrating TBI underwent surgery, all either by decompressive craniectomy (n=42) or craniotomy±elevation of skull fragments (n=13). The odds of dying in hospital attributable to TBI were greater with casualties with increased glucose on arrival (OR=70.014, CI=3.0399 to 1612.528, OR=70.014, p=0.008) or a mean arterial pressure <90 mm Hg (OR=4.721, CI=0.969 to 22.979, p=0.049). Preoperative hyperglycaemia was also associated with increased odds of being functionally dependent on others on discharge (OR=11.165, CI=1.905 to 65.427, p=0.007). Bihemispheric injury had greater odds of being functionally dependent on others at discharge (OR=5.275, CI=1.094 to 25.433, p=0.038).ConclusionsWe would recommend that consideration of these three additional preoperative clinical parameters (hyperglycaemia, hypotension and bihemispheric injury on CT) when managing penetrating TBI be considered in future updates of guidelines for deployed neurosurgical care.
On the way to the 10 ps time-of-flight PET challenge
Authors: Lecoq P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is a consensus for gathering the multidisciplinary academic and industrial medical imaging community around the ambitious challenge to develop a 10 ps Time-of-Flight PET scanner (TOFPET). The goal is to reduce the radiation dose (currently 5–25 mSv for whole-body PET/CT) and/or scan time (currently > 10 min) by an order of magnitude, with a significant gain in the patient comfort and cost per exam (currently in the range of 1000 € per scan). To achieve this very ambitious goal it is essential to significantly improve the performance of each component of the detection chain: light production, light transport, photodetection, readout electronics. Speeding up progress in this direction is the goal of the challenge and will have an important impact on the development of a new generation of ionization radiation detectors. The possibility to reach 10 ps time-of-flight resolution at small energies (511 keV), as required in finely granulated calorimeters and PET scanners, although extremely challenging, is not limited by physical barriers and a number of disruptive technologies, such as multifunctional heterostructures, combining the high stopping power of well-known scintillators with the ultrafast photon emission resulting from the 1D, 2D or 3D quantum confinement of the excitons in nanocrystals, photonic crystals, photonic fibers, as well as new concepts of 3D digital SiPM structures, open the way to new radiation detector concepts with unprecedented performance.
CAR T Cells Contend with Myeloma in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment
Authors: Graham Charlotte E. , Maus Marcela V. 
Published: August 2022

Summary:
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Dhodapkar and colleagues find that myeloid, dendritic, and endogenous T-cell populations in the bone marrow microenvironment are associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in multiple myeloma patients responding to B-cell maturation antigen–targeted CAR T cells. Immunosuppressive myeloid cells are associated with short PFS, but a diverse T-cell receptor repertoire and more dendritic cells are associated with a longer PFS, suggesting a potential role for epitope spreading.
See related article by Dhodapkar et al., p. 490 (6).
Natural history notes on three bat species
Authors: Dharmendra Khandal  , Ishan Dhar  , Dau Lal Bohra  , Shyamkant S. Talmale  
Published: August 2022

Three bat species have long been considered to occur within the state of Rajasthan—the Lesser Mouse-Eared bat Myotis blythii Tomes, 1857, the Large Barbastelle Barbastella darjelingensis Hodgson, in Horsfield, 1855 and the Serotine Bat Eptesicus serotinus pachyomus Tomes, 1857. Rajasthan is considered the type locality for two of these species—Myotis blythii and Eptesicus serotinus pachyomus. Despite targeted surveys, these bats have not been observed in Rajasthan for more than a century and a half. A chronological review of published literature reveals that the bats were never originally claimed to occur in Rajasthan and their inclusion among bats occurring in Rajasthan was a consequence of assumptions perpetuated as facts.
Understanding and Applying Deep Learning
Authors: Lippmann Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The past 10 years have witnessed an explosion in deep learning neural network model development. The most common perceptual models with vision, speech, and text inputs are not general-purpose AI systems but tools. They automatically extract clues from inputs and compute probabilities of class labels. Successful applications require representative training data, an understanding of the limitations and capabilities of deep learning, and careful attention to a complex development process. The goal of this view is to foster an intuitive understanding of convolutional network deep learning models and how to use them with the goal of engaging a wider creative community. A focus is to make it possible for experts in areas such as health, education, poverty, and agriculture to understand the process of deep learning model development so they can help transition effective solutions to practice.
A Bestseller Among Artillery Handbooks of the 16th Century
Authors: Andresová Klára 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the important artillery manuals of the 15th century is the Feuerwerkbuch. The treatise was one of the first European didactic technical texts, intended for both artillerymen and their employers. After circulating in manuscript copies for over a hundred years, the text was first printed in 1529. By 1619 it had been published thirteen times in total, making it exceptional among military manuals published in Central Europe at that time. The content of the work has been studied by various medievalists and codicologists to date, but they were not usually concerned with later transformations of the publication. The aim of this paper is to characterise the changes in this work between the late Middle Ages and the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War and to trace its publication history and its publication relationship to other educational texts.
β-Sitosterol & quercetin enhances brain development in iodine deficient rat models
Authors: Chandra Rashmi , Singh Sushant , Ganguly Chaiti 
Published: August 2022

Background Recently thyroid hormone studies on brain growth, development and activity are regaining popularity. Thyroid hormones have long been believed to play critical role in mammalian brain growth and maturation regulating facets of neuronal cell growth, proliferation and differentiation and further signaling and glial cell differentiation. Deficiency of these hormones in mother leads to mental retardation in the subsequent offspring's. Methods In this presented study, brain development of iodine deficient rat models created through deficiency in feeding, mating and further selection. Young adult female wistar rats were induced with iodine deficiency and then mated with healthy male rats. These pregnant hypothyroid induced females were treated with β-sitosterol (150 mg/kg/day) and quercetin (150 mg/kg/day) alone and in combination for whole gestation period. Analysis were dealt with the genetic and histological studies of the pups brain. PCR based RNA analysis was also carried out. Histology was done using eosin and hematoxylin. Results Positive impacts of the β-sitosterol and quercetin on the iodine deficient brain were observed upon histological and PCR analysis. Altogether, the analysis proves that combined doses of β-sitosterol and quercetin for normal brain development in iodine deficient infants hence can be potentially applied as therapeutics in iodine deficiency circumstances.
Facilitators and barriers to patient-centred goal-setting in rehabilitation: A scoping review
Authors: Crawford L. , Maxwell J. , Colquhoun H. , Kingsnorth S. , Fehlings D. , Zarshenas S. , McFarland S. , Fayed Nora 
Published: August 2022

Objective Identify, map, and synthesize existing reviews, to extract and analyse the most prominent barriers and facilitators to applying patient-centred goal-setting practice in rehabilitation using the Capability, Opportunity Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model. Design Scoping review. Data source A primary search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and Cochrane. Citation chaining was employed. Review methods All types of review (systematic, scoping, and narrative) studies published up to June 14, 2022 that included physical and neurological rehabilitation, patient-centeredness, and goal-setting were reviewed. Studies were scrutinized for relevance, quality was not assessed. The most prominent barriers and facilitators were synthesized using thematic content analysis and mapped onto the COM-B model. Results Twenty-six review studies covering a range of conditions and settings, acute to community were included. Barrier and facilitators were identified at patient, provider, and organizational level. Barrier themes include provider's existing beliefs about goal-setting, lack of skills, and integration into clinical routines. Patient barriers related to capacity and opportunity to participate. Organizational barriers include lack of clinical guidelines, patient preparation, insufficient provider time, and high productivity expectations. Facilitators included goal-setting guidelines, training and education of providers and patients, revised clinical routines, performance monitoring, adequate time, and resources. Conclusion Healthcare providers should be the primary target of intervention. A provider's motivation to change current practice is the most prominent barrier, followed closely by capacity and opportunity. Patients require information, training, and structured engagement opportunities. Organizations play a key role in creating the optimal environmental conditions to enable patient-centred goal-setting.
Home-based is as effective as centre-based rehabilitation for improving upper limb motor recovery and activity limitations after stroke: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Nascimento Lucas R , Gaviorno Lívia Fornaciari , de Souza Brunelli Milena , Gonçalves Jéssica Vaz , Arêas Fernando Zanela da Silva 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to examine the effects of home-based exercises in comparison with centre-based exercises for improving the paretic upper limb after stroke.Data sourcesAMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and PEDro databases.Review methodsOnly randomized clinical trials were included. Participants in the reviewed studies were adults at any time after stroke. The experimental intervention was home-based exercises compared with centre-based exercises. Outcome data related to strength, motor recovery, dexterity, activity, and participation were extracted from the eligible trials and combined in meta-analyses. The quality of included trials was assessed by the PEDro scores. The quality of evidence was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.ResultsEight trials, involving 488 participants, were included. Most trials (63%) delivered semi-supervised interventions (amount of supervision 3–43%), and three trials provided full supervision. Random-effects meta-analyses provided moderate- to high-quality evidence that home- and centre-based exercises provide similar effects on motor recovery (MD 1.4 points; 95% CI −0.9 to 3.8), dexterity (MD −0.01 pegs/s; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.05), upper limb activity performance (SMD −0.04; 95% CI −0.25 to 0.18), and quality of movement (0.1 points; 95% CI −0.2 to 0.4). Effects on strength were also similar but the quality of the evidence was rated as low. No trials examined effects on participation.ConclusionEffects of home-based prescribed exercises on upper limb motor recovery, dexterity, and activity are likely to be similar to improvements obtained by centre-based exercises after stroke.
Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Breeksema Joost J , Kuin Bouwe W , Kamphuis Jeanine , van den Brink Wim , Vermetten Eric , Schoevers Robert A 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Small-scale clinical studies with psychedelic drugs have shown promising results for the treatment of several mental disorders. Before psychedelics become registered medicines, it is important to know the full range of adverse events (AEs) for making balanced treatment decisions. Objective: To systematically review the presence of AEs during and after administration of serotonergic psychedelics and 3,4-methyenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in clinical studies. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov for clinical trials with psychedelics since 2000 describing the results of quantitative and qualitative studies. Results: We included 44 articles (34 quantitative + 10 qualitative), describing treatments with MDMA and serotonergic psychedelics (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ayahuasca) in 598 unique patients. In many studies, AEs were not systematically assessed. Despite this limitation, treatments seemed to be overall well tolerated. Nausea, headaches, and anxiety were commonly reported acute AEs across diagnoses and compounds. Late AEs included headaches (psilocybin, MDMA), fatigue, low mood, and anxiety (MDMA). One serious AE occurred during MDMA administration (increase in premature ventricular contractions requiring brief hospitalization); no other AEs required medical intervention. Qualitative studies suggested that psychologically challenging experiences may also be therapeutically beneficial. Except for ayahuasca, a large proportion of patients had prior experience with psychedelic drugs before entering studies. Conclusions: AEs are poorly defined in the context of psychedelic treatments and are probably underreported in the literature due to study design (lack of systematic assessment of AEs) and sample selection. Acute challenging experiences may be therapeutically meaningful, but a better understanding of AEs in the context of psychedelic treatments requires systematic and detailed reporting.