bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Exposure Assessment of Mixed Metal/Loids at and Near Mega-Scale Open Beaching Shipwrecking Activities in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Nazrul , Ganguli Sumon , Tanvir E. M. , Rifat Md. Akter Hosen , Saha Narottam , Peng Cheng , Ng Jack C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPollution from shipwrecking is growing into a major occupational and environmental health concern worldwide, especially in the lower-middle-income countries where workers and residents may be exposed to potentially high levels of dispersed metal/loids due to decades of improper waste disposal. This study is the first to report the urinary biomarkers estimating the exposure of metal/loids and associated significant determinants in residents working and/or living at and near a major open beaching shipwrecking yard in Bangladesh. The concentrations of 17 elements were measured in urine and drinking water samples (125 each) using a validated ICP-MS method. Hydration variations of urine were best adjusted by specific gravity. Significantly higher (p < 0.001) urinary metal/loids load including cadmium and molybdenum in the occupational (70–80% of shipwrecking workers) and environmental exposure groups (72–75% of the local population) compared to the control site and international reference values suggest a significant health threat. Gender and age effects on the variation of urinary metal/loid concentrations were insignificant. However, fertilizer/pesticide users had higher nickel concentrations. Quantile regression analyses suggested the impacted locations with shipwrecking activities are significant predictors of exposure. The participants from the shipwrecking yards and the adjoining east, north, and south sites experienced significant exposure to metal/loids, which may be largely governed by wind-associated dispersion of contaminants. Water metal/loid concentrations were lower than the guideline values set by WHO and Bangladesh except for manganese in 63% of water samples. However, the elevated urinary concentrations of cadmium and thallium were significantly correlated to their concentration in water. This biomonitoring approach could be used as a background study to facilitate a more detailed exposure and health risk assessment to inform a management strategy for residents exposed to contaminated environmental matrices and dietary sources.
Rechtspopulismus als (komplexe) Problemstellung der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Görtler Michael 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag enthält Überlegungen zum Rechtspopulismus als (komplexe) Problemstellung der Sozialen Arbeit. Eine theoretisch-reflexive Analyse pädagogischer und didaktischer Ansätze, eine qualitative Analyse zu Herausforderungen und Bewältigungsstrategien von Fachkräften in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe sowie eine Analyse aktueller Veröffentlichungen und Stellungnahmen im Kontext des Rechtspopulismus legen die Vermutung nahe, dass sich die Soziale Arbeit aufgrund der Komplexität dieses gesellschaftlichen und politischen Phänomens in einer Suchbewegung befindet.
Imaging of Bone in the Head and Neck Region, is There More Than CT?
Authors: Eley Karen A. , Delso Gaspar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The objective of this review is to document the advances in non-ionising imaging alternatives to CT for the head and neck.

Recent Findings
The main alternative to CT for imaging bone of the head and neck region is MRI, particularly techniques which incorporate gradient echo imaging (Black Bone technique) and ultra-short or zero-echo time imaging. Since these techniques can provide high resolution isometric voxels, they can be used to provide multi-planar reformats and, following post processing, 3D reconstructed images of the craniofacial skeleton. As expected, the greatest advancements in recent years have been focused on enhanced image processing techniques and attempts to address the difficulties encountered at air-bone interfaces.

Summary
This article will review the imaging techniques and recent advancements which are bringing non-ionising alternatives to CT imaging of the bone of the head and neck region into the realm of routine clinical application.
Real-world evaluation of weekly subcutaneous treatment with semaglutide in a cohort of Italian diabetic patients
Authors: Marzullo P. , Daffara T. , Mele C. , Zavattaro M. , Ferrero A. , Caputo M. , Prodam F. , Aimaretti G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Registered trials and real-world evidence (RWE) studies provided evidence on the efficacy of once-weekly (OW) semaglutide on hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors as add-on or de-novo treatment in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
In a retrospective analysis of electronic data files from 258 T2D patients, this RWE study aimed to explore the impact of OW semaglutide on biochemical and anthropometric outcomes after 6 and 12 months in patients receiving at least one prescription of OW semaglutide between September 2019 and May 2021.

Results
During the study period, 154 and 56 consecutive patients completed the 6 and 12 months of OW semaglutide treatment. HbA1c levels decreased by -1.02±0.1% after 6 months and -1.1±0.1% after 12 months of OW semaglutide (p<0.0001 for both). At these time-points, HbA1c values were <7% in 61% and 57% of cases. HbA1c reduction was greater in patients with higher baseline HbA1c levels and it occurred irrespective of gender, age, insulin therapy and complications. The residual number of cases with HbA1c ≥9% by the study end was low (5.3% vs 18.9% at baseline). Weight loss occurred in 73.5% and 78.1% of cases and, compared to baseline, it was ≥5% in 21.2- 25.4% and ≥10% in 6.8-18.2% after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Significant predictors of HbA1c reduction after 6 months of OW semaglutide treatment were baseline HbA1c (p<0.0001), bodyweight reduction (p<0.0001) and disease duration (p<0.001), while baseline HbA1c was the only predictor of HbA1c response after 12 months (p<0.0001). Reported adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of semaglutide.

Conclusions
Real-world evaluation of weekly subcutaneous treatment with semaglutide in a cohort of Italian diabetic patients.
FLAG: Towards Graph Query Autocompletion for Large Graphs
Authors: Yi Peipei , Li Jianping , Choi Byron , Bhowmick Sourav S. , Xu Jianliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGraph query autocompletion (GQAC) takes a user’s graph query as input and generates top-k query suggestions as output, to help alleviate the verbose and error-prone graph query formulation process in a visual interface. To compose a target query with GQAC, the user may iteratively adopt suggestions or manually add edges to augment the existing query. The current state-of-the-art of GQAC, however, focuses on a large collection of small- or medium-sized graphs only. The subgraph features exploited by existing GQAC are either too small or too scarce in large graphs. In this paper, we present Flexible graph query autocompletion for LArge Graphs, called FLAG. We are the first to propose wildcard labels in the context of GQAC, which summarizes query structures that have different labels. FLAG allows augmenting users’ queries with subgraph increments with wildcard labels to form suggestions. To support wildcard-enabled suggestions, a new suggestion ranking function is proposed. We propose an efficient ranking algorithm and extend an index to further optimize the online suggestion ranking. We have conducted a user study and a set of large-scale simulations to verify both the effectiveness and efficiency of FLAG. The results show that the query suggestions saved roughly 50% of mouse clicks and FLAG returns suggestions in few seconds.
Best practice in determining key photophysical parameters in triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion
Authors: Edhborg Fredrik , Olesund Axel , Albinsson Bo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is a process in which low-energy light is transformed into light of higher energy. During the last two decades, it has gained increasing attention due to its potential in, e.g., biological applications and solar energy conversion. The highest efficiencies for TTA-UC systems have been achieved in liquid solution, owing to that several of the intermediate steps require close contact between the interacting species, something that is more easily achieved in diffusion-controlled environments. There is a good understanding of the kinetics dictating the performance in liquid TTA-UC systems, but so far, the community lacks cohesiveness in terms of how several important parameters are best determined experimentally. In this perspective, we discuss and present a “best practice” for the determination of several critical parameters in TTA-UC, namely triplet excited state energies, rate constants for triplet–triplet annihilation ($$k_{{{\text{TTA}}}}$$

k
TTA

), triplet excited-state lifetimes ($$\tau_{{\text{T}}}$$

τ
T

), and excitation threshold intensity ($$I_{{{\text{th}}}}$$

I
th

). Finally, we introduce a newly developed method by which $$k_{{{\text{TTA}}}}$$

k
TTA

, $$\tau_{{\text{T}}}$$

τ
T

, and $$I_{{{\text{th}}}}$$

I
th

may be determined simultaneously using the same set of time-resolved emission measurements. The experiment can be performed with a simple experimental setup, be ran under mild excitation conditions, and entirely circumvents the need for more challenging nanosecond transient absorption measurements, a technique that previously has been required to extract $$k_{{{\text{TTA}}}}$$

k
TTA

. Our hope is that the discussions and methodologies presented herein will aid the photon upconversion community in performing more efficient and manageable experiments while maintaining—and sometimes increasing—the accuracy and validity of the extracted parameters.
Testosterone Therapy is Associated with Depression, Suicidality, and Intentional Self-Harm: Analysis of a National Federated Database
Authors: Nackeeran Sirpi , Patel Mehul S. , Nallakumar Devi T. , Ory Jesse , Kohn Taylor , Deibert Christopher M. , Carto Chase , Ramasamy Ranjith 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Long-term use of testosterone can be associated with mood destabilizing effects. Most studies investigating psychiatric complications of anabolic steroids have used small samples, but a comprehensive assessment of the risk of developing mental health disorders after testosterone use has not been performed at the population level.

Aim
To determine whether testosterone therapy is associated with major depressive disorder or suicide attempts in men.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 70.3 million electronic health records collected from 46 healthcare organizations encompassing flagship hospitals, satellite hospitals, and outpatient clinics since 2008 to determine whether testosterone use is associated with major depressive disorder and suicide attempts in a large population. We included men 18 or older who either used testosterone or did not, defined by reported use, insurance claim, or prescription use of testosterone documented in the electronic health record. We propensity-score matched by age, race, ethnicity, obesity, and alcohol-related disorder. Additionally, a sub-group analysis was performed in testosterone deficient (&lt;300 ng/dL) men comparing those with TD on testosterone therapy to a control group of men with TD who are not using testosterone.

Outcomes
We determined measures of association with a new diagnosis of major depressive disorder and suicide attempt or intentional self-harm following testosterone use within 5 years.

Results
A total of 263,579 men who used testosterone and 17,838,316 men who did not were included in the analysis. Testosterone use was independently associated with both Major Depressive Disorder (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.94–2.04, P &lt; .0001) and Suicide Attempt/Intentional Self-Harm (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.40-1.65, P &lt; .0001). Results remained significant in testosterone deficient sub-group analysis.

Clinical Implications
Men who use testosterone should be screened for and counseled about risks of depression and suicidality.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths of this study include a large sample size, the ability to account for chronology of diagnoses, the use of propensity score matching to control for potentially confounding variables, and the consistency of results with sub-group analyses. Limitations include the potential for incorrect coding within the electronic health record, a lack of granular information regarding testosterone therapy adherence, the possibility that unrecorded testosterone or anabolic steroid use were prevalent but not captured within the control group, and a lack of data regarding testosterone withdrawal.

Conclusion
Testosterone use is independently associated with new-onset mental health disorders. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the role that androgen withdrawal plays and whether a causal relationship exists.
Training the next generation of translational scientists: The Case Western Reserve University Translational Fellows Program
Authors: Thompson Cheryl L. , Misko Tessianna A. , Chance Mark R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
An important part of biomedical research is the translation of discoveries into clinical or community applications that impact patient health. For a vast majority of clinical applications and sustainable community interventions, a time-tested way to get innovations to patients is through licensing of the technology and commercial development, often through startups. While biomedical scientists and trainees are schooled in discovery research, the processes of commercialization are foreign or intimidating. Further, many trainees will not aspire to a faculty position, and other avenues of advancement are desirable.

Methods:
At Case Western Reserve University, we developed and launched a Translational Fellows Program to provide such training for the community, focusing specifically on graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. The goals of this program include familiarizing our trainees with the principles of entrepreneurship, product development, and startups. This is accomplished through study of their laboratory’s technology to identify points of translational focus and to increase awareness to potentially move ideas and products toward societal impact. This program leverages much of our existing infrastructure and provides a mechanism for the prioritization of the translation of the technology as well as “release-time” to promote effort.

Results:
Launched in summer 2020, our first cohort had 3 of the 12 fellows launching startups based on their technology and submitting an National Institutes of Health Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) proposal. At least 80% reported increased knowledge and confidence in five of six key translational competencies.

Conclusion:
We are now continuing and improving the program and searching for sustainable support to stabilize the program for a long-term productive future.
Slip Characteristics of Induced Earthquakes: Insights From the 2015 Mw 4.0 Guthrie, Oklahoma Earthquake
Authors: Pennington Colin N. , Uchide Takahiko , Chen Xiaowei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo better quantify how injection, prior seismicity, and fault properties control rupture growth and propagation of induced earthquakes, we perform a finite‐fault slip inversion on a Mw 4.0 earthquake that occurred in April 2015, the largest earthquake in an induced sequence near Guthrie, Oklahoma. The slip inversion reveals a rupture with slip patches that are anti‐correlated to the locations of prior seismicity. The prior seismicity driven by low pore pressure changes and static stress changes occurred on weaker portions of the fault, while the Mw 4.0 earthquake likely ruptured relatively stronger portions of the fault. To resolve if pore pressure changes or the initial underlying stress distribution and fault strength controlled the final slip distribution of the Guthrie Mw 4.0 earthquake, we compare strike‐slip events of similar magnitude from tectonically active regions and previously inactive regions. Earthquakes on reactivated faults exhibit different slip distributions than active regions, they have more prominent and well separated slip patches, a behavior often associated with faults of lower fault maturity. Pore pressure shows little effect on the distributions. These observations suggest that the initial underlying stress distribution and fault strength of reactivated faults in low deformation regions is the primary controlling factor of the slip distribution with pore pressure perturbations and earthquake interactions being secondary. Therefore, Guthrie Mw 4.0 earthquakes slip distribution was enhanced by pore‐pressure perturbations and earthquake interactions by creating an optimal stress state for its failure, but the slip distribution itself is controlled by its fault's initial stress and strength state.
Generalized Modeling and Propagation Characterization of THz Wireless Links in Computer Desktop Environment
Authors: Fu Jinbang , Juyal Prateek , Zajić Alenka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper presents terahertz (THz) channel propagation characterization and generalized channel model for a desktop environment. Path loss and power delay profiles (PDPs) measured on the motherboard in both free space and desktop‐like metal cavity are compared. To characterize the large scale fading of the channel, a mean path loss model as a function of antenna height is proposed by treating the motherboard desktop environment as a partially dielectric filled resonant cavity. The measured and modeled mean path loss achieve 98.5% R‐squared goodness of fit. For the shadowing, a Gamma‐mixture model is applied to characterize the oscillations of in‐cavity measured path loss. Results show that with proper choice of the number of mixed Gamma distributions k, the goodness of fit between the model and the probability density function (PDF) can be greater than 97%. Multipath components are characterized by cluster‐based channel modeling. Modifications were made on the conventional Saleh‐Valenzuela (S‐V) model to accurately characterize the channel by rewriting the cluster power decay with step‐wise functions and each sub‐function is expressed exponentially in dB, and the ray power decay with power law approach. It is shown that measured and simulated multipath components match well with each other with at least 98.2% goodness of fit.
Thank You to Our 2021 Reviewers
Authors: Caprarelli Graziella , Altintas Ilkay , Baratoux David , Cervato Cinzia , Diviacco Paolo , Donea Alina , Donnellan Andrea , Gentemann Chelle , Glaves Helen M. , Jiang Jonathan H. , Jones Cathleen E. , Maute Astrid , Pirenne Benoit , Pryor Sara C. , Tiampo Kristy , Xie Zunyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOn behalf of the Editorial Board and Staff of Earth and Space Science, I thank the reviewers whose selfless dedication to science has ensured, once again, that the papers published in our journal in 2021 highlight the best Earth and space science in a manner that does justice to the authors and their work. All of us at Earth Peer reviewing is a demanding and often thankless job. It is however an essential component of the scientific process, ensuring the highest standards of integrity and rigor. Without the work of reviewers, who check data and procedures for possible bias and to ensure reproducibility, and who share their expertise to verify that the interpretations and conclusions of a paper are consistent with assumptions and existing knowledge, it would not be possible to trust in the scientific process. Our journal is particularly indebted to our reviewers: Earth and Space Science is a multidisciplinary journal that highlights methods, instruments, data and algorithms, and therefore we rely heavily on the direct expertise of our reviewers to verify and vouch for the quality of the papers we publish. We are indebted to all our reviewers, and we are delighted to acknowledge them publicly in this Editorial.
LHRH sparing therapy in patients with chemotherapy-naïve, mCRPC treated with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone: results of the randomized phase II SPARE trial
Authors: Ohlmann Carsten-Henning , Jäschke Michelle , Jaehnig Peter , Krege Susanne , Gschwend Jürgen , Rexer Heidrun , Junker Kerstin , Zillmann Roger , Rüssel Christoph , Hellmis Eva , Suttmann Henrik , Janssen Martin , Marin Jan , Hübner Andreas , Mathers Michael , Gleißner Jochen , Scheffler Michael , Feyerabend Susan , Telle Jens , Klier Jörg , Stöckle Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the benefit of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) continuation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains controversial, clinical evidence is lacking. Recent results indicated that treatment with abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone (P) further suppresses serum testosterone levels over ADT alone, suggesting that continuation of ADT in the treatment of mCRPC may not be necessary.

Methods
In this exploratory phase 2 study, mCRPC patients were randomized with a 1:1 ratio to receive either continued ADT plus AA + P (Arm A) or AA + P alone (Arm B). The primary endpoint was the rate of radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) at month 12. Secondary endpoints included PSA-response rate, objective response, time to PSA progression and safety.

Results
A total of 68 patients were equally randomized between the two study arms. Median testosterone-levels remained below castrate-levels throughout treatment in all patients. According to the intention-to-treat analysis the rPFS rate was 0.84 in Arm A and 0.89 in Arm B. Moderate and severe treatment-emergent adverse events were reported for 72% of the patients in Arm A and for 85% of the patients in Arm B.

Conclusions
AA + P treatment without ADT may be effective in mCRPC patients and ADT may not be necessary in patients receiving AA + P.
Ecological and genomic responses of soil microbiomes to high-severity wildfire: linking community assembly to functional potential
Authors: Dove Nicholas C , Taş Neslihan , Hart Stephen C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increasing wildfire severity, which is common throughout the western United States, can have deleterious effects on plant regeneration and large impacts on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling rates. Soil microbes are pivotal in facilitating these elemental cycles, so understanding the impact of increasing fire severity on soil microbial communities is critical. Here, we assess the long-term impact of high-severity fires on the soil microbiome. We find that high-severity wildfires result in a multi-decadal (&gt;25 y) recovery of the soil microbiome mediated by concomitant differences in aboveground vegetation, soil chemistry, and microbial assembly processes. Our results depict a distinct taxonomic and functional successional pattern of increasing selection in post-fire soil microbial communities. Changes in microbiome composition corresponded with changes in microbial functional potential, specifically altered C metabolism and enhanced N cycling potential, which related to rates of potential decomposition and inorganic N availability, respectively. Based on metagenome-assembled genomes, we show that bacterial genomes enriched in our earliest site (4 y since fire) harbor distinct traits such as a robust stress response and a high potential to degrade pyrogenic, polyaromatic C that allow them to thrive in post-fire environments. Taken together, these results provide a biological basis for previously reported process rate measurements and explain the temporal dynamics of post-fire biogeochemistry, which ultimately constrains ecosystem recovery.