bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of knowledge on labeling schemes promoting sustainable investing
Authors: Carlsson Hauff Jeanette 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSustainable labeling schemes are frequently used to simplify decisions for consumers, for example, in financial contexts, and to subsequently promote sustainable investments. The purpose of this research is to, against the backdrop of dual processing theories, outline consumer reactions to sustainability‐oriented investment labels. Experimental results from a representative sample show that objective labels are perceived more favorably by financially knowledgeable individuals. Three developed and validated scales, measuring general and specific financial knowledge as well as environmental knowledge, further suggest that this evaluation is domain contingent, with only knowledge that aligns with choice domain interacting significantly with label format. The importance of the choice domain prevails with regard to the interaction between knowledge and the perceived effectiveness of an investment. We are able to verify retail investor reactions to sustainable labeling, which are of major importance for fund both companies and legislators considering an introduction of mandatory sustainability labeling.
Non‐Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis Study on the Pyrolysis Reaction Kinetics of Bituminous Coal
Authors: Wang Houwang , Du Wenzhou , Xi Ya , Zhang Yansong , Wang Bowen , Sun Yingjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis of bituminous coal is performed. The coal sample is pyrolyzed with a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the pyrolysis process at different heating rates is investigated. As the heating rate increases, the initial pyrolysis temperature and the peak temperature of the maximum weight loss rate tend to migrate to higher temperatures. The activation energy and pre‐exponential factor are calculated by a single first‐order reaction model using the Doyle integral method. The activation energies are estimated depending on the conversion rate. Furthermore, higher heating rates can lead to larger activation energy values in the initial pyrolysis stage.
A Nonaqueous Redox‐Matched Flow Battery with Charge Storage in Insoluble Polymer Beads**
Authors: Kim Dukhan , Sanford Melanie S. , Vaid Thomas P. , McNeil Anne J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe the nonaqueous redox‐matched flow battery (RMFB), where charge is stored on redox‐active moieties covalently tethered to non‐circulating, insoluble polymer beads and charge is transferred between the electrodes and the beads via soluble mediators with redox potentials matched to the active moieties on the beads. The RMFB reported herein uses ferrocene and viologen derivatives bound to crosslinked polystyrene beads. Charge storage in the beads leads to a high (approximately 1.0–1.7 M) effective concentration of active material in the reservoirs while preventing crossover of that material. The relatively low concentration of soluble mediators (15 mM) eliminates the need for high‐solubility molecules to create high energy density batteries. Nernstian redox exchange between the beads and redox‐matched mediators was fast relative to the cycle time of the RMFB. This approach is generalizable to many different redox‐active moieties via attachment to the versatile Merrifield resin.
Sterically Frustrated Aromatic Enes with Various Colors Originating from Multiple Folded and Twisted Conformations in Crystal Polymorphs**
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Aibara Seito , Yamakado Takuya , Kimura Ryo , Saito Shohei , Sato Hiroyasu , Kubo Takashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOvercrowded ethylenes composed of 10‐methyleneanthrone and two bulky aromatic rings contain a twisted carbon–carbon double (C=C) bond as well as a folded anthrone unit. As such, they are unique frustrated aromatic enes (FAEs). Various colored crystals of these FAEs, obtained in different solvents, correspond to multiple metastable conformations of the FAEs with various twist and fold angles of the C=C bond, as well as various dihedral angles of attached aryl units with respect to the C=C bond. The relationships between color and these parameters associated with conformational features around the C=C bond were elucidated in experimental and computational studies. Owing to the fact that they are separated by small energy barriers, the variously colored conformations in the FAE crystal change in response to various external stimuli, such as mechanical grinding, hydrostatic pressure and thermal heating.
Aggregation‐Induced Dual Phosphorescence from (o‐Bromophenyl)‐Bis(2,6‐Dimethylphenyl)Borane at Room Temperature
Authors: Wu Zhu , Dinkelbach Fabian , Kerner Florian , Friedrich Alexandra , Ji Lei , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank , Marian Christel M. , Marder Todd B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDesigning highly efficient purely organic phosphors at room temperature remains a challenge because of fast non‐radiative processes and slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. The majority of them emit only single component phosphorescence. Herein, we have prepared 3 isomers (o, m, p‐bromophenyl)‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)boranes. Among the 3 isomers (o‐, m‐ and p‐BrTAB) synthesized, the ortho‐one is the only one which shows dual phosphorescence, with a short lifetime of 0.8 ms and a long lifetime of 234 ms in the crystalline state at room temperature. Based on theoretical calculations and crystal structure analysis of o‐BrTAB, the short lifetime component is ascribed to the T1M state of the monomer which emits the higher energy phosphorescence. The long‐lived, lower energy phosphorescence emission is attributed to the T1A state of an aggregate, with multiple intermolecular interactions existing in crystalline o‐BrTAB inhibiting nonradiative decay and stabilizing the triplet states efficiently.
Multi‐stimuli‐responsive and Multi‐functional Smart Windows
Authors: Hwang Young Ji , Pyun Seung Beom , Choi Min Ju , Kim Jeong Han , Cho Eun Chul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSmart windows can change their optical characteristics according to environmental conditions or external stimuli (such as heat and electricity). They are manufactured by considering building characteristics, regional climate, energy policies, and indoor air conditions. Their key optical properties have been improved by developing novel materials, fabrication methods, and designs. The optical properties can be further improved by developing multi‐stimuli‐responsive smart window systems. Recently, some smart windows have been integrated with energy storage, solar energy harvesting, self‐cleaning, and air‐purifying functions. The energy consumed by buildings and houses accounts for a considerable portion of the total energy consumed by a country as well as the world; therefore, these state‐of‐the‐art smart windows will greatly contribute to saving energy. Moreover, some multi‐functional smart windows can help in addressing environmental challenges. This mini‐review particularly focuses on discussing the recent advances made in multi‐stimuli‐responsive and multi‐functional smart windows, in addition to summarizing the researches on electrochromic, thermochromic, and other types of smart windows.
Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Cyclodextrins: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Jain Mehak , Nowak Benedikt P. , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrogels have emerged as one of the best studied, widely applied and most versatile classes of soft materials. Hydrogels are important biomimetic nanomaterials comparable to extracellular matrices in terms of water content, porosity, and rigidity. In this regard, self‐assembled hydrogels based on supramolecular host‐guest interactions have enabled unique characteristics like stimuli response, self‐healing, shape memory and self‐regulation. In particular, the use of cyclodextrins and their host‐guest chemistry is a powerful tool for the development of functional hydrogels with unprecedented properties. In this article, recent advances on hydrogels based on supramolecular chemistry of cyclodextrins are reviewed to provide an overview of the manifold design strategies, material properties and areas of application. We contrast the progress on cyclodextrin containing polymer gels to that of their low molecular weight counterparts by highlighting selected publications from each of these subcategories.
Support vector machine versus convolutional neural network for hyperspectral image classification: A systematic review
Authors: Kaul Ajay , Raina Sneha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVarious machine learning and deep learning techniques have been proposed for classification purposes in the case of hyperspectral imaging. Among all the machine learning techniques support vector machine (SVM) has been a promising classification algorithm in the case of remote sensing applications, particularly in the field of hyperspectral imaging. In the case of deep learning techniques, the convolutional neural network is gaining much attention from researchers for classification purposes and has given reliable results in this field, thus is being used widely by researchers. So, in this article, a systematic review about the two most used hyperspectral classification techniques that is, SVM and CNN is given. A total of 86 papers from the four well‐known journals belonging to the field of remote sensing have been reviewed where the methodologies used by different authors, datasets used, results acquired, contribution and shortcomings have been put forth. This meta‐analysis generally focuses on the recent SVM and CNN methodologies that are proposed by various authors. A summary of the best results obtained from SVM and CNN in terms of classification accuracies is also provided to help the researchers working in this area achieve better results.
Juvenile Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae) form sibling subgroups during social integration
Authors: Kohn Gregory M. , Nugent M. Ryan , Dail Xzavier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe formation of social relationships in complex groups is critical in shaping patterns of social organization and behavioral development. In many birds, young individuals remain dependent on their parents for extended periods but must abruptly transition to navigating interactions in the wider group after independence. While lack of social relationships during this period is detrimental in the development of later social skills, little is known about the social relationships juveniles form after independence in many bird species. In this study, we describe patterns of social interactions in juvenile Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae) during transitions from family groups into flocks of unfamiliar individuals. Twenty juveniles from four families were introduced into two flocks. After introductions, juveniles showed a gradient of approach rates with most approaches directed toward siblings, followed by juvenile peers, adult females, and lastly adult males. Significant preferences for siblings resulted in the emergence of sibling subgroups within the larger social network. This intentional self‐assortment of siblings suggests that sibling subgroups are an important bridge linking social connections within the family and the wider group. Such findings suggests that sibling relationships have a critical role in the socialization after independence, as well as structuring the social organization of Gouldian finch flocks.
Quantitative determination and metabolic profiling of synthetic cathinone eutylone in vitro and in urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Yeh Ya‐Ling , Wang Sheng‐Meng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Taiwan, synthetic cathinones are the most prevalent new psychoactive substances, and their use is growing continuously. Urine samples are currently analysed to determine drug abuse, but the metabolic profiles and metabolites of these compounds are not widely reported. Given that cases of eutylone abuse have been growing since 2020, this study established a method employing supported liquid extraction combined with liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to identify and quantify eutylone and its metabolites in urine samples. Method validation was performed, and eight authentic samples were analysed. Moreover, in vitro metabolism experiments were conducted, and metabolites were generated by incubating eutylone with human liver microsomes and cytosol. Metabolite characterisation was achieved by confirming the accurate mass and product ions in full MS/MS spectra. Five metabolites were identified in in vitro experiments; they resulted from eutylone N‐dealkylation, β‐ketone reduction, demethylenation, aliphatic hydroxylation and sequential demethylenation and O‐methylation. The metabolic profile was obtained evaluating the metabolites at different incubation times: Demethylenation occurred first, followed by N‐dealkylation, β‐ketone reduction and aliphatic hydroxylation. Three additional metabolites were identified in authentic samples. Based on in vitro and in vivo evidence, we propose that the demethylenation and O‐methylation metabolite, the β‐ketone reduction metabolite, and the β‐ketone reduction, demethylenation and O‐methylation metabolite are the most appropriate biomarkers of eutylone consumption. Using these markers can help expand the eutylone detection window and provide information for toxicology research.
Tree growth response to drought partially explains regional‐scale growth and mortality patterns in Iberian forests
Authors: Gazol Antonio , Camarero J. Julio , Sánchez‐Salguero Raúl , Zavala Miguel A. , Serra‐Maluquer Xavier , Gutiérrez Emilia , de Luis Martín , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Novak Klemen , Rozas Vicente , Tíscar Pedro A. , Linares Juan C. , Martínez del Castillo Edurne , Ribas Montse , García‐González Ignacio , Silla Fernando , Camison Álvaro , Génova Mar , Olano José M. , Hereş Ana‐Maria , Yuste Jorge Curiel , Longares Luis A. , Hevia Andrea , Galván J. Diego , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTree‐ring data has been widely used to inform about tree growth responses to drought at the individual scale, but less is known about how tree growth sensitivity to drought scales up driving changes in forest dynamics. Here, we related tree‐ring growth chronologies and stand‐level forest changes in basal area from two independent data sets to test if tree‐ring responses to drought match stand forest dynamics (stand basal area growth, ingrowth, and mortality). We assessed if tree growth and changes in forest basal area covary as a function of spatial scale and tree taxa (gymnosperm or angiosperm). To this end, we compared a tree‐ring network with stand data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory. We focused on the cumulative impact of drought on tree growth and demography in the period 1981–2005. Drought years were identified by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and their impacts on tree growth by quantifying tree‐ring width reductions. We hypothesized that forests with greater drought impacts on tree growth will also show reduced stand basal area growth and ingrowth and enhanced mortality. This is expected to occur in forests dominated by gymnosperms on drought‐prone regions. Cumulative growth reductions during dry years were higher in forests dominated by gymnosperms and presented a greater magnitude and spatial autocorrelation than for angiosperms. Cumulative drought‐induced tree growth reductions and changes in forest basal area were related, but initial stand density and basal area were the main factors driving changes in basal area. In drought‐prone gymnosperm forests, we observed that sites with greater growth reductions had lower stand basal area growth and greater mortality. Consequently, stand basal area, forest growth, and ingrowth in regions with large drought impacts was significantly lower than in regions less impacted by drought. Tree growth sensitivity to drought can be used as a predictor of gymnosperm demographic rates in terms of stand basal area growth and ingrowth at regional scales, but further studies may try to disentangle how initial stand density modulates such relationships. Drought‐induced growth reductions and their cumulative impacts have strong potential to be used as early‐warning indicators of regional forest vulnerability.
Alternative state transition control by regulating the spatial arrangement of organisms using a lattice model
Authors: Takizawa Shuuki , Nishida Akifumi , Yamamura Masayuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEcological systems can exist under multiple stable states for a specific set of environmental conditions. Perturbations can shift ecosystems to alternative stable states, and these changes are difficult to reverse. This is a concept known as hysteresis. Current management methods for system recovery require considerable effort. A model for system recovery that requires small changes in a target community would be of high value for ecosystem restoration. In this study, we focused on rocky reefs that exhibit two alternative stable states: one dominated by macroalgae and another dominated by sea urchins and crustose coralline algae. Community recovery requires a state shift. To better understand the state shift, we simulated the ecosystem using a lattice model incorporating local interactions, rather than equations representing homogenized spaces. Using spatial information and simulating conditions in the target ecosystem, we concluded that a shift to an alternative stable state is possible by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the organisms. These results indicate that spatial arrangements are significant in systems exhibiting hysteresis and that the spatial manipulation of organisms may be useful for ecosystem management and restoration.
No Allee effect detected during the natural recolonization by a large carnivore despite low growth rate
Authors: Andrén Henrik , Hemmingmoore Heather , Aronsson Malin , Åkesson Mikael , Persson Jens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) have recently naturally recolonized southern Sweden. The first documented reproduction of lynx in recent times occurred in 2003, and the population increased from 2 to 48 family groups (the unit of measurement in Swedish monitoring) during its first 18 years (2003/2004–2020/2021). We did not detect any Allee effect, that is, lower growth rate at low population density, during the recolonization of southern Sweden, although our population simulations revealed a non‐negligible (30%) chance that population observed development could include an Allee effect. The probable absence of an Allee effect was likely because colonizing females did not lack mating partners, as a larger number of wide‐ranging males were established in the area before documented reproduction took place. Despite the absence of an Allee effect, the growth rate during recolonization was lower in southern Sweden (λ = 1.20) than in central Sweden (λ = 1.29). We have no evidence of higher mortality, including that from poaching, or lower reproduction in southern Sweden could explain the lower growth rate. Instead, we suggest that the lower growth rate during the recolonization of southern Sweden was explained by fewer immigrants arriving from central Sweden due to areas of less suitable habitat between central and southern Sweden, partially preventing immigration southward. From a conservation point of view, it is positive that this small population could recover without being negatively influenced by an Allee effect, as small populations with an Allee effect experience lower viability than those without.
The TLR‐chaperone CNPY3 is a critical regulator of NLRP3‐inflammasome activation
Authors: Ghait Mohamed , Husain Ralf A. , Duduskar Shivalee N. , Haack Tobias B. , Rooney Michael , Göhrig Bianca , Bauer Michael , Rubio Ignacio , Deshmukh Sachin D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTLRs mediate the recognition of microbial and endogenous insults to orchestrate the inflammatory response. TLRs localize to the plasma membrane or endomembranes, depending on the member, and rely critically on ER‐resident chaperones to mature and reach their subcellular destinations. The chaperone canopy FGF signaling regulator 3 (CNPY3) is necessary for the proper trafficking of multiple TLRs including TLR1/2/4/5/9 but not TLR3. However, the exact role of CNPY3 in inflammatory signalling downstream of TLRs has not been studied in detail. Consistent with the reported client specificity, we report here that functional loss of CNPY3 in engineered macrophages impairs downstream signalling by TLR2 but not TLR3. Unexpectedly, CNPY3‐deficient macrophages show reduced IL‐1ß and IL‐18 processing and production independent of the challenged upstream TLR species, demonstrating a separate, specific role for CNPY3 in inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, we document that CNPY3 regulates caspase‐1 localization to the apoptosis speck and autoactivation of caspase‐1. Importantly, we were able to recapitulate these findings in macrophages from an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) patient with a novel CNPY3 loss‐of‐function variant. Summarizing, our findings reveal a hitherto unknown, TLR‐independent role of CNPY3 in inflammasome activation, highlighting a more complex and dedicated role of CNPY3 to the inflammatory response than anticipated.
Club convergence and factors of income inequality in theEuropean Union
Authors: Suárez‐Arbesú Claudia , Apergis Nicholas , Delgado Francisco J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe measurement of inequality and its determinants are major tasks within the economic literature. The main objectives of this paper are to identify patterns of convergence in the income inequality in European Union countries and to investigate the factors behind the formation of convergence clubs. For those purposes and considering the Gini index during the period 2007–2018, the club convergence approach and an ordered logit model are employed. The results show four clubs and four divergent countries. In addition, the analysis identifies certain factors, such as economic openness, public intervention and education, as the main drivers of inequality reduction. Finally, the results from the club convergence analysis for an alternative inequality measure, specifically the ratio 80:20, are similar to those achieved in the case of the Gini index.
A combination of circulating tumor cells and CA199 improves the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chen Junliang , Wang Huaitao , Zhou Lei , Liu Zhihao , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is difficult due to the lack of effective screening tests. CA199, the standard biomarker for PDAC management, is not sufficiently reliable for early diagnosis. This prospective study aimed to evaluate whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could complement or perform better than CA199 in determining PDAC.MethodsA total of 168 blood samples were collected from 80 patients with PDAC, 32 patients with acute pancreatitis, 22 patients with benign pancreatic masses, and 34 healthy donors. CTCs were detected by a novel system combining negative enrichment with immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (NE‐imFISH). Next, ROC curves and AUC analyses were conducted to assess diagnostic abilities of CA199, CTCs, and the combination of the two biomarkers in PDAC.ResultsCTCs were stained as CD45–/DAPI+/CEP8 ≥3. With 2 CTCs/3.2 ml as the cut‐off value, the sensitivity/specificity of the CTC number was 0.76/0.94, which was comparable to that of CA199 (0.78/0.83; Delong test p = 0.3360). Improved performance was achieved through a logistic regression model integrating CA199 and CTC number (AUCCTC+CA199 = 0.95, AUCCA199 = 0.80, AUCCTC number = 0.85; Delong test p
vs. CA199 < 0.0001 and p
vs. CTC number = 0.0002). CTC subtype was inferior to CTC number as a diagnostic marker (AUCCTC subtype = 0.73; Delong test p
vs. CTC number < 0.0001).ConclusionThe dual‐marker panel consisting of CA199 and CTC number can significantly improve upon the diagnostic performance of CA199 alone, highlighting the promising clinical utilization as an effective strategy for PDAC surveillance.