bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiocarbon as a Dating Tool and Tracer in Paleoceanography
Authors: Skinner L. C. , Bard E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRadiocarbon is an extremely useful carbon cycle tracer and radiometric dating tool. Here, we review the main principles and challenges involved in the use of radiocarbon in paleoceanography. First, we present a conceptual framework in which there are three possible uses of a radiocarbon measurement: (a) to obtain a calendar age interval, or a fossil entity's age; (b) to obtain an estimate of a carbon reservoir's past radiocarbon activity; or (c) to compare the relative radiocarbon activities of two contemporary carbon reservoirs. We discuss the analysis of marine fossil material, the generation of an atmospheric reference curve, and the interpretation of marine radiocarbon “ventilation metrics” in relation to this reference curve. It is emphasized that marine radiocarbon integrates the influences of: changing radiocarbon production; air‐sea gas exchange effects at the sea surface; transport times within the ocean interior; and the mixing of water parcels with different transit times from the sea surface, and different sea‐surface sources. These controls are what make radiocarbon such a powerful paleoceanographic tracer, though the difficulty of disentangling them is what makes marine radiocarbon dating and tracer studies so challenging. We discuss the implementation of radiocarbon in numerical models, and explore the theory linking ocean‐atmosphere partitioning of radiocarbon and CO2. Finally, we review existing records of marine radiocarbon variability over the last ∼25,000 years, which highlight the influence of ocean‐atmosphere carbon exchange on past atmospheric CO2 and climate, and point to emerging opportunities for resolving the global radiocarbon‐ and carbon budgets over the last glacial cycle.
Preferential Solute Transport in Low Permeability Zones During Spontaneous Imbibition in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Zahasky Christopher , Benson Sally M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiphase flows in porous media, and the associated solute transport processes, are controlled by a combination of gravity, capillary, and viscous forces. Geologic heterogeneity influences flow and transport processes, yet gaps exist in our understanding of how heterogeneity impacts capillary‐driven transport, such as during spontaneous imbibition. Here we use positron emission tomography, combined with a newly developed method for conducting spontaneous imbibition experiments, to observe solute transport into low permeability regions during imbibition. Using an experimentally parameterized 2D numerical model, we demonstrate how capillary‐driven flow near the imbibition front can carry solutes into low permeability regions. This process displaces solutes from high permeability zones, while the cumulative amount of solute in low permeability zones increases, opposite of what is observed under fully saturated solute transport conditions. These results highlight the complex flow and solute transport behavior that arise during multiphase displacements in heterogeneous geologic porous media.
Association of Organic Carbon With Reactive Iron Oxides Driven by Soil pH at the Global Scale
Authors: Ye Chenglong , Huang Wenjuan , Hall Steven J. , Hu Shuijin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAssociation of organic carbon (C) with iron (Fe) minerals is one important mechanism for long‐term terrestrial C storage. Yet, specific edaphic variables that directly contribute to Fe‐associated C across diverse soil types are still unclear. Through analyzing soils from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and other published data, here we show that soil pH primarily controls Fe‐associated C across the globe. Fe‐associated C in most soils ranged from 0 to 20 g kg−1 soil, with a strong increase from pH 4.2 to 3.5, but a small change in soils with pH > 4.2. A microcosm experiment further showed that raising soil pH by liming reduced the formation of Fe‐associated C in an acidic Oxisol. Together, these findings demonstrate the dominant role of soil pH in controlling the abundance of Fe‐associated C.
Ion Dynamics at the Magnetopause of Ganymede
Authors: Fatemi S. , Poppe A. R. , Vorburger A. , Lindkvist J. , Hamrin M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the dynamics of the thermal O+ and H+ ions at Ganymede's magnetopause when Ganymede is inside and outside of the Jovian plasma sheet using a three‐dimensional hybrid model of plasma (kinetic ions, fluid electrons). We present the global structure of the electric fields and power density (E ⋅ J) in the magnetosphere of Ganymede and show that the power density at the magnetopause is mainly positive and on average is +0.95 and +0.75 nW/m3 when Ganymede is inside and outside the Jovian plasma sheet, respectively, but locally it reaches over +20 nW/m3. Our kinetic simulations show that ion velocity distributions at the vicinity of the upstream magnetopause of Ganymede are highly non‐Maxwellian. We investigate the energization of the ions interacting with the magnetopause and find that the energy of those particles on average increases by a factor of 8 and 30 for the O+ and H+ ions, respectively. The energy of these ions is mostly within 1–100 keV for both species after interaction with the magnetopause, but a few percentages reach to 0.1–1 MeV. Our kinetic simulations show that a small fraction (25%) of the corotating Jovian plasma reach the magnetopause, but among those >50% cross the high‐power density regions at the magnetopause and gain energy. Finally, we compare our simulation results with Galileo observations of Ganymede's magnetopause crossings (i.e., G8 and G28 flybys). There is an excellent agreement between our simulations and observations, particularly our simulations fully capture the size and structure of the magnetosphere.
Listvenite Formation During Mass Transfer into the Leading Edge of the Mantle Wedge: Initial Results from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B
Authors: Kelemen Peter B. , Carlos de Obeso Juan , Leong James A. , Godard Marguerite , Okazaki Keishi , Kotowski Alissa J. , Manning Craig E. , Ellison Eric T. , Menzel Manuel D. , Urai Janos L. , Hirth Greg , Rioux Matthew , Stockli Daniel F. , Lafay Romain , Beinlich Andreas M. , Coggon Jude A. , Warsi Nehal H. , Matter Jürg M. , Teagle Damon A. H. , Harris Michelle , Michibayashi Katsuyoshi , Takazawa Eiichi , Al Sulaimani Zaher ,   The Oman Drilling Project Science Team
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of research on core from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B and the surrounding area, plus new data and calculations, constraining processes in the Tethyan subduction zone beneath the Samail ophiolite. The area is underlain by gently dipping, broadly folded layers of allochthonous Hawasina pelagic sediments, the metamorphic sole of the Samail ophiolite, and Banded Unit peridotites at the base of the Samail mantle section. Despite reactivation of some faults during uplift of the Jebel Akdar and Saih Hatat domes, the area preserves the tectonic “stratigraphy” of the Cretaceous subduction zone. Gently dipping listvenite bands, parallel to peridotite banding and to contacts between the peridotite and the metamorphic sole, replace peridotite at and near the basal thrust. Listvenites formed at less than 200°C and (poorly constrained) depths of 25–40 km by reaction with CO2‐rich, aqueous fluids migrating from greater depths, derived from devolatilization of subducting sediments analogous to clastic sediments in the Hawasina Formation, at 400°–500°. Such processes could form important reservoirs for subducted CO2. Listvenite formation was accompanied by ductile deformation of serpentinites and listvenites—perhaps facilitated by fluid‐rock reaction—in a process that could lead to aseismic subduction in some regions. Addition of H2O and CO2to the mantle wedge, forming serpentinites and listvenites, caused large increases in the solid mass and volume of the rocks. This may have been accommodated by fractures formed as a result of volume changes, mainly at a serpentinization front.
When Will MISR Detect Rising High Clouds?
Authors: Aerenson Travis , Marchand Roger , Chepfer Hélène , Medeiros Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is predicted by both theory and models that high‐altitude clouds will occur higher in the atmosphere as a result of climate warming. This produces a positive longwave feedback and has a substantial impact on the Earth's response to warming. This effect is well established by theory, but is poorly constrained by observations, and there is large spread in the feedback strength between climate models. We use the NASA Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) to examine changes in Cloud‐Top‐Height (CTH). MISR uses a stereo‐imaging technique to determine CTH. This approach is geometric in nature and insensitive to instrument calibration and therefore is well suited for trend analysis and studies of variability on long time scales. In this article we show that the current MISR record does have an increase in CTH for high‐altitude cloud over Southern Hemisphere (SH) oceans but not over Tropical or the Northern Hemisphere (NH) oceans. We use climate model simulations to estimate when MISR might be expected to detect trends in CTH, that include the NH. The analysis suggests that according to the models used in this study MISR should detect changes over the SH ocean earlier than the NH, and if the model predictions are correct should be capable of detecting a trend over the Tropics and NH very soon (3–10 years). This result highlights the potential value of a follow‐on mission to MISR, which no longer maintains a fixed equator crossing time and is unlikely to be making observations for another 10 years.
Reconstructing Terrestrial Paleoclimates: A Comparison of the Co‐Existence Approach, Bayesian and Probability Reconstruction Techniques Using the UK Neogene
Authors: Gibson M. E. , McCoy J. , O’Keefe J. M. K. , Nuñez Otaño N. B. , Warny S. , Pound M. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeogene sediments in the UK are ideally situated for understanding the early development of hydrological dynamics and atmospheric circulation that led to the modern oceanic climate of northwest Europe. Onshore Neogene fossiliferous deposits in the UK are limited to the solution pipe fills at Trwyn y Parc in Anglesey (Middle Miocene), the Brassington Formation of Derbyshire (Serravallian‐Tortonian), and the Coralline Crag Formation (latest Zanclean‐earliest Piacenzian) and Red Crag Formation (Piacenzian‐Gelasian) in southeast England. Palynoflora from these localities can be used to provide snapshots into the climate at the time of deposition, however, palaeobotanical‐based reconstructions are typically lacking in their poor estimation of error. Therefore, we present the first pre‐Quaternary application of two terrestrial climate reconstruction techniques: CREST (Climate Reconstruction SofTware) and CRACLE (Climate Reconstruction Analysis using Coexistence Likelihood Estimation), that use Bayesian and likelihood estimation probability respectively to generate a new palaeoclimate reconstruction, and compare this to Co‐existence Approach reconstructions from the UK and continental Europe. Our study shows how Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) declines by 3°–6°C, Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) declines by 480–600 mm and Precipitation Seasonality approximately halves throughout the Neogene. CREST and CRACLE reconstructions overlap with the Co‐exisence Approach and have the advantage of providing uncertainty, rather than ranges. The UK appears to have had a milder, wetter, and less seasonal climate than continental Europe. This is likely due to the buffering effects of the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea ameliorating the UK Neogene climate despite regional and global changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation.
Cell-free DNA analysis in current cancer clinical trials: a review
Authors: Cisneros-Villanueva M. , Hidalgo-Pérez L. , Rios-Romero M. , Cedro-Tanda A. , Ruiz-Villavicencio C. A. , Page K. , Hastings R. , Fernandez-Garcia D. , Allsopp R. , Fonseca-Montaño M. A. , Jimenez-Morales S. , Padilla-Palma V. , Shaw J. A. , Hidalgo-Miranda A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis represents a promising method for the diagnosis, treatment selection and clinical follow-up of cancer patients. Although its general methodological feasibility and usefulness has been demonstrated, several issues related to standardisation and technical validation must be addressed for its routine clinical application in cancer. In this regard, most cfDNA clinical applications are still limited to clinical trials, proving its value in several settings. In this paper, we review the current clinical trials involving cfDNA/ctDNA analysis and highlight those where it has been useful for patient stratification, treatment follow-up or development of novel approaches for early diagnosis. Our query included clinical trials, including the terms ‘cfDNA’, ‘ctDNA’, ‘liquid biopsy’ AND ‘cancer OR neoplasm’ in the FDA and EMA public databases. We identified 1370 clinical trials (FDA = 1129, EMA = 241) involving liquid-biopsy analysis in cancer. These clinical trials show promising results for the early detection of cancer and confirm cfDNA as a tool for real-time monitoring of acquired therapy resistance, accurate disease-progression surveillance and improvement of treatment, situations that result in a better quality of life and extended overall survival for cancer patients.
Exosomal circRELL1 serves as a miR-637 sponge to modulate gastric cancer progression via regulating autophagy activation
Authors: Sang Huaiming , Zhang Weifeng , Peng Lei , Wei Shuchun , Zhu Xudong , Huang Keting , Yang Jiajia , Chen Meihong , Dang Yini , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). However, there are still many circRNAs related to GC whose functions and molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Herein, we discover circRNA RELL1, which has not been investigated in GC, and it is markedly downregulated in GC tissues, which is related with poor prognosis, more pronounced lymph node metastasis and poor TNM stage. After confirming the circular structure of circRELL1, we found that circRELL1 could block cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptosis in patients with GC by a series of in vivo and in vitro function-related studies. Further mechanism investigation demonstrated that circRELL1 could sponge miR-637 and indirectly unregulated the expression of EPHB3 via modulating autophagy activation in GC. Additionally, circRELL1 can be transmitted by exosomal communication, and exosomal circRELL1 suppressed the malignant behavior of GC in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study elucidates the suppressive roles of circRELL1/miR-637/EPHB3 axis through autophagy activation in GC progression, inspiring for further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of GC and providing a promising novel diagnostic circulating biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
ZC3H15 promotes glioblastoma progression through regulating EGFR stability
Authors: Hou Jianbing , Xu Minghao , Gu Hongyu , Pei Dakun , Liu Yudong , Huang Pan , Chang Hongbo , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZinc finger CCCH-type containing 15 (ZC3H15), a highly conserved protein involved in several cellular processes, which was responsible for tumorigenesis and may be a promising marker in myeloid leukemia (AML) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of ZC3H15 in GBM. In this study, we revealed that ZC3H15 was overexpressed in GBM and high ZC3H15 expression was associated with poor survival of patients with GBM. We found that ZC3H15 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of GBM cells by activating the EGFR signaling pathway. We also revealed that ZC3H15 reduced EGFR ubiquitination, which was responsible for EGFR protein stabilization. In addition, we demonstrated that ZC3H15 inhibited the transcription of CBL, which was an E3 ubiquitin ligase for EGFR proteasomal degradation. And silencing of CBL could partly abrogate the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells induced by ZC3H15 knockdown. Thus, our research revealed the important roles of ZC3H15 in GBM development and provided a brand-new insight for improving the treatment of GBMs.
MiR-135b-5p is an oncogene in pancreatic cancer to regulate GPRC5A expression by targeting transcription factor KLF4
Authors: Liu Daren , Jin Yun , Wu Jinhong , Zhu Huanbing , Ye Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKLF4 is implicated in tumor progression of pancreatic cancer, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of KLF4 needs to be further specified. We aimed to probe molecular regulatory mechanism of KLF4 in malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. qRT-PCR or western blot was completed to test levels of predicted genes. Dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were designed to validate binding between genes. Cell viability and oncogenicity detection were used for in vitro and vivo functional assessment. KLF4 was a downstream target of miR-135b-5p. KLF4 could regulate GPRC5A level. MiR-135b-5p was notably increased in cancer cells, and overexpressing KLF4 functioned a tumor repressive role, which could be restored by miR-135b-5p. Besides, cell malignant phenotypes could be inhibited through reducing miR-135b-5p level, but they were restored by GPRC5A. Our results stressed that KLF4, as a vital target of miR-135b-5p, could influence promoter region of GPRC5A, thus affecting the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.
USP15 and USP4 facilitate lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating the alternative splicing of SRSF1
Authors: Das Tanuza , Lee Eun-Young , You Hye Jin , Kim Eunice EunKyeong , Song Eun Joo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 is implicated in several human cancers by regulating different cellular processes, including splicing regulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its functional relevance and the successive roles in enhanced tumorigenesis remain ambiguous. Here, we found that USP15 and its close paralog USP4 are overexpressed and facilitate lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating the alternative splicing of SRSF1. Depletion of USP15 and USP4 impair SRSF1 splicing characterized by the replacement of exon 4 with non-coding intron sequences retained at its C-terminus, resulting in an alternative isoform SRSF1-3. We observed an increased endogenous expression of SRSF1 in lung cancer cells as well, and its overexpression significantly enhanced cancer cell phenotype and rescued the depletion effect of USP15 and USP4. However, the alternatively spliced isoform SRSF1-3 was deficient in such aspects for its premature degradation through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The increased USP15 expression contributes to the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development and shows significantly lower disease-specific survival of patients with USP15 alteration. In short, we identified USP15 and USP4 as key regulators of SRSF1 alternative splicing with altered functions, which may represent the novel prognostic biomarker as well as a potential target for LUAD.
Post translational modifications of Trifolitoxin: a blue fluorescent peptide antibiotic
Authors: Lethbridge Benjamin J. , Asenstorfer Robert E. , Bailey Laura S. , Breil Brenda T. , Johnson Jodie V. , Jones Graham P. , Rumjanek Victor , Sims James J. , Tate Max E. , Triplett Eric W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTrifolitoxin (TFX, C41H63N15O15S) is a selective, ribosomally-synthesized, post-translationally modified, peptide antibiotic, produced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii T24. TFX specifically inhibits α-proteobacteria, including the plant symbiont Rhizobium spp., the plant pathogen Agrobacterium spp. and the animal pathogen Brucella abortus. TFX-producing strains prevent legume root nodulation by TFX-sensitive rhizobia. TFX has been isolated as a pair of geometric isomers, TFX1 and TFX2, which are derived from the biologically inactive primary amino acid sequence: Asp-Ile-Gly-Gly-Ser-Arg-Gln-Gly-Cys-Val-Ala. Gly-Cys is present as a thiazoline ring and the Arg-Gln-Gly sequence is extensively modified to a UV absorbing, blue fluorescent chromophore. The chromophore consists of a conjugated, 5-membered heterocyclic ring and side chain of modified glutamine.
Clinical and genetic diagnosis of thirteen Japanese patients with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Yamamoto Keiko Shimojima , Utshigisawa Taiju , Ogura Hiromi , Aoki Takako , Kawakami Takahiro , Ohga Shoichi , Ohara Akira , Ito Etsuro , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Kanno Hitoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHereditary spherocytosis is the most frequent cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia and is classified into five subtypes (SPH1-5) according to OMIM. Because the clinical and laboratory features of patients with SPH1-5 are variable, it is difficult to classify these patients into the five subtypes based only on these features. We performed target capture sequencing in 51 patients with hemolytic anemia associated with/without morphological abnormalities in red blood cells. Thirteen variants were identified in five hereditary spherocytosis-related genes (six inANK1[SPH1]; four inSPTB[SPH2]; and one in each ofSPTA1[SPH3],SLC4A1[SPH4], andEPB42[SPH5]). Among these variants, seven were novel. The distribution pattern of the variants was different from that reported previously in Japan but similar to those reported in other Asian countries. Comprehensive genomic analysis would be useful and recommended, especially for patients without a detailed family history and those receiving frequent blood transfusions due to chronic hemolytic anemia.
Towards practical quantum computers: transmon qubit with a lifetime approaching 0.5 milliseconds
Authors: Wang Chenlu , Li Xuegang , Xu Huikai , Li Zhiyuan , Wang Junhua , Yang Zhen , Mi Zhenyu , Liang Xuehui , Su Tang , Yang Chuhong , Wang Guangyue , Wang Wenyan , Li Yongchao , Chen Mo , Li Chengyao , Linghu Kehuan , Han Jiaxiu , Zhang Yingshan , Feng Yulong , Song Yu , Ma Teng , Zhang Jingning , Wang Ruixia , Zhao Peng , Liu Weiyang , Xue Guangming , Jin Yirong , Yu Haifeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHere we report a breakthrough in the fabrication of a long lifetime transmon qubit. We use tantalum films as the base superconductor. By using a dry etching process, we obtained transmon qubits with a best T1 lifetime of 503 μs. As a comparison, we also fabricated transmon qubits with other popular materials, including niobium and aluminum, under the same design and fabrication processes. After characterizing their coherence properties, we found that qubits prepared with tantalum films have the best performance. Since the dry etching process is stable and highly anisotropic, it is much more suitable for fabricating complex scalable quantum circuits, when compared to wet etching. As a result, the current breakthrough indicates that the dry etching process of tantalum film is a promising approach to fabricate medium- or large-scale superconducting quantum circuits with a much longer lifetime, meeting the requirements for building practical quantum computers.