bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriocyte plasticity in pea aphids facing amino acid stress or starvation during development
Authors: Ribeiro Lopes Mélanie , Gaget Karen , Renoz François , Duport Gabrielle , Balmand Séverine , Charles Hubert , Callaerts Patrick , Calevro Federica 
Published: November 2022

An important contributing factor to the evolutionary success of insects is nutritional association with microbial symbionts, which provide the host insects with nutrients lacking in their unbalanced diets. These symbionts are often compartmentalized in specialized cells of the host, the bacteriocytes. Even though bacteriocytes were first described more than a century ago, few studies have explored their dynamics throughout the insect life cycle and in response to environmental stressors. Here, we use the Buchnera aphidicola/pea aphid symbiotic system to study how bacteriocytes are regulated in response to nutritional stress throughout aphid development. Using artificial diets, we analyzed the effects of depletion or excess of phenylalanine or leucine, two amino acids essential for aphid growth and whose biosynthetic pathways are shared between the host and the symbiont. Bacteriocytes responded dynamically to those treatments, while other tissues showed no obvious morphological change. Amino acid depletion resulted in an increase in bacteriocyte numbers, with the extent of the increase depending on the amino acid, while excess either caused a decrease (for leucine) or an increase (for phenylalanine). Only a limited impact on survival and fecundity was observed, suggesting that the adjustment in bacteriocyte (and symbiont) numbers is sufficient to withstand these nutritional challenges. We also studied the impact of more extreme conditions by exposing aphids to a 24 h starvation period at the beginning of nymphal development. This led to a dramatic drop in aphid survival and fecundity and a significant developmental delay. Again, bacteriocytes responded dynamically, with a considerable decrease in number and size, correlated with a decrease in the number of symbionts, which were prematurely degraded by the lysosomal system. This study shows how bacteriocyte dynamics is integrated in the physiology of insects and highlights the high plasticity of these cells.
Profitability determining factors of banking sector: Panel data analysis of commercial banks in South Asian countries
Authors: Yuan Deli , Gazi Md. Abu Issa , Harymawan Iman , Dhar Bablu Kumar , Hossain Abu Ishaque 
Published: November 2022

Aim of the articleThe main purpose of this article was to investigate the impact of the determinants of profitability on the commercial banks in Asian countries. An Asian country like Bangladesh and India was selected as the research field. The present study also pursues to examine the impact of specific factors and macroeconomic factors on the profitability in the Bangladeshi and Indian private commercial banking sectors.Methods applied and analysis toolsThe data were retrieved from the Annual Reports of Indian and Bangladeshi private commercial banks covering the period of 2010–2021. As sample, 40 private commercial banks were considered randomly, of which 20 were from India and 20 were from Bangladesh. The panel data research methodology was used as an estimation technique to analyze the data. Also, the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was used to scrutinize data. To check whether the models were appropriate, the Breusch–Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Test was employed. Banks' specific factors and microeconomic factors showed almost the same variations for both Bangladesh's and India's private banks. All models and tests were evaluated using E-views econometric software.The major findingsThe present study finds that the Return on Asset (ROA) from the banks' specific variables, strength of the Bank size (BS), and Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) are found to be positive and significant. For banks, the Deposit to Asset Ratio (DTAR) and the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) are found to be negative and significant. The Equity to Asset Ratio (EAR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) do not have any positive/negative impact.Contribution, originality, and implicationsAs macroeconomic variables, the inflation rate (IR) and the GDP growth rate (GDPGR) are measured and found to be positive and significant for ROA. As macroeconomic variables, the Inflation Rate (IR) and the GDP Growth Rate (GDPGR) are found to be positive and significant in the case of ROA. The concerned authorities responsible for regulating the financial performance of the banking sector can use the results of this study to take various fruitful decisions on bank profitability.
The magnitude of oral rehydration salt utilization in diarrhea hot spot regions of Ethiopia and its associated factors among under-five children: A multilevel analysis based on Bayesian approach
Authors: Negesse Yilkal , Fetene Abebe Gossa , Addisu Abebaw , Setegn Alie Melsew , Alemayehu Dereje 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDiarrhea leads the children to severe dehydration or death as a result of the loss of water and electrolytes (namely, potassium, chloride, sodium, and bicarbonate). To compensate for the losses, ORS is given to children who experienced diarrhea.ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude of ORS utilization in diarrhea hotspot regions of Ethiopia and to assess its associated factors among under-five children.MethodsTo conduct this study, we used the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 1,079 weighted sample children were selected. Each sample was selected randomly. Then, to identify factors associated with ORS utilization in diarrhea hotspot regions of Ethiopia, a multilevel analysis based on the Bayesian approach was applied. Finally, the credible interval of AOR that does not include 1 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe magnitude of ORS utilization for children in diarrhea hotspot regions of Ethiopia was 28%. Being urban resident (AOR = 1.92; 95% CrI: 1.13–3.3), woman household head (AOR = 2.11; 95% CrI: 1.3–3.9), having higher educational level (AOR = 1.52; 95% CrI: 1.04–2.22), member of health insurance (AOR = 1.73; 95% CrI: 1.14–2.43), and being exposed for media (AOR = 1.43; 95% CrI: 1.18–2.5) increases ORS utilization for diarrhea management.ConclusionResidence, educational level, health insurance, and media exposure were the factors of ORS utilization. So, to increase the practice of ORS utilization for diarrhea management in Ethiopia, the Ministry of Health and the Government of Ethiopia should consider those factors when they design diarrhea prevention and control strategies.
H is for hypersexual: Sexuality in youths with ADHD
Authors: Hale Elijah W. , Murphy Molly O. , Thompson Katherine P. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRecent research into the association between ADHD and hypersexuality has been extremely skewed toward male patients and contribute to stigma against individuals engaging in same sex sexual behaviors. We sought to expand research on this important relationship and to address these shortcomings.MethodsUsing data from the TriNetX database, we created two patient cohorts of patients 21 years or younger, separated by presence or absence of ADHD diagnosis. We analyzed disorders of sexual behavior, comorbid psychiatric illness, and medication type. Those with ADHD were subdivided into same-sex high risk sexual behavior (HRSB) and opposite-sex HRSB. The ADHD group was analyzed based on the presence or absence of any disorder of sexuality. The outcomes measured were disorders of sexual behavior, comorbid psychiatric illness, and medication type.ResultsIn a study of 1,355,184 analyzed patient records, patients ADHD were more likely to have all measured outcomes. Orientation of HRSB did not impact for disorders of sexual behavior, but individuals with same-sex HRSB were at higher risk for comorbid psychiatric illness. Those with hypersexuality and ADHD were a higher risk for psychiatric illnesses.ConclusionOur study is the largest to date examining associations between hypersexual behaviors and ADHD. Increased awareness of this association may aid in addressing some problematic behaviors before they become detrimental to the individuals with ADHD or others within their lives.
Nanocarbon or indocyanine green: Which is superior for gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy to protect the parathyroid gland?
Authors: Ye Zhipeng , Wu Keren , Hu Zhao , Jin Fa 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDamage to the parathyroid glands remains a frequent complication after thyroidectomy, often resulting in hypoparathyroidism. Accordingly, identifying the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgical procedures is indispensable to prevent accidental surgical removal.MethodsThe participants were randomly divided into three groups (indocyanine green [ICG], nanocarbon [NC], and control group). To identify and protect parathyroid glands during neck lymph node dissection in patients with thyroid cancer, IG was intravenously administered to the ICG group, whereas the NC group received an intra-thyroid injection of the NC suspension before dissection. IG was intravenously administered to each group after dissection. Subsequently, we analyzed surgical outcomes, including operative time, number of lymph nodes, serum calcium, and number of parathyroid glands.ResultsWe included 30 patients who underwent gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Based on our findings, a greater number of parathyroid glands (P &lt; 0.01) and higher postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were detected in the NC and ICG groups than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.01). The number of parathyroid glands and postoperative PTH levels in the NC group were higher than those in the ICG group (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsGasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy with NC and ICG for thyroid cancer could effectively protect the parathyroid gland and afford satisfactory clinical efficacy. NC could offer an advantage over ICG for protecting the parathyroid gland.
PN3b as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis and peritoneal recurrence in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Yiran , Chen Yanyan , Wen Liping , Tou Laizhen , Wang Haiyong , Teng Lisong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe clinicopathological features and surgical treatment strategies of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer (GC) remain controversial. Peritoneal metastasis is the most common recurrence pattern in patients with Borrmann type IV GC.MethodsAmong 2026 gastric cancer between January 2009 and August 2019, 159 cases of Borrmann type IV GC were included in this study (7.8%). We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of these patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards were applied to identify independent prognostic factors. Predictors related to peritoneal metastasis of type IV GC were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsBorrmann type IV gastric cancer was associated with more advanced clinicopathological features at diagnosis than the other Borrmann type GC. Of the 159 patients with Borrmann type IV GC, the median OS was 23 months. The number of patients with peritoneal metastasis was 43, accounted for 27.0% of all the patients and 87.8% of the patients with distant metastasis. Multivariate analyses revealed lymph node metastasis to be independent prognostic factor for survival in Borrmann type IV GC patients. pN3b and tumor size &gt; 50 mm showed to be risk factors for peritoneal metastasis.ConclusionsBorrmann type IV GC is an important independent prognostic factor. pN3b is an independent prognostic factor and a predictor of peritoneal metastasis in patients with Borrmann type IV GC.
A mink (Neovison vison) model of self-injury: Effects of CBP-CREB axis on neuronal damage and behavior
Authors: Liu Chunxiao , Guo Xiaolan , Si Huazhe , Li Guangyu 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveSelf-injurious behavior (SIB) is a clinically challenging problem in the general population and several clinical disorders. However, the precise molecular mechanism of SIB is still not clear. In this paper, the systematic investigation of the genesis and development of SIB is conducted based on behavioral and pathophysiology studies in mink (Neovison vison) models.MethodThe night-vision video was used to observe the mink behavior, and the duration was a month. HE stain was performed to characterize the pathology change in the brain of a mink. IHC assay was performed to conduct the protein level detection of Iba-1, p-CREB, CBP, and p300 in the brain tissues. Elisa assay was used to examine the levels of NfL and NfH in serum and CSF of mink. The qRT-PCR assay was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2, NOR1, FoxO4, c-FOS, CBP, and p300 in brain tissues. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of p-CREB, CBP, and p300 in brain tissues. We also used Evans Blue as a tracer to detect whether the blood-brain barrier was impaired in the brain of mink.ResultThe behavioral test, histopathological and molecular biology experiments were combined in this paper, and the results showed that CBP was related to SIB. Mechanism analysis showed that the dysregulation of CBP in brain-activated CREB signaling will result in nerve damage of the brain and SIB symptoms in minks. More importantly, the CBP-CREB interaction inhibitor might help relieve SIB and nerve damage in brain tissues.ConclusionOur results illustrate that the induction of CBP and the activation of CREB are novel mechanisms in the genesis of SIB. This finding indicates that the CBP-CREB axis is critical for SIB and demonstrates the efficacy of the CBP-CREB interaction inhibitor in treating these behaviors.
Energy Criterion for Fracture of Rocks and Rock-like Materials on the Descending Branch of the Load–Displacement Curve
Authors: Kolesnikov Gennady , Shekov Vitali 
Published: November 2022

This article deals with the problem of predicting the brittle fracture of rocks and similar materials, which can also include frozen sandy soils. Such materials, due to the diversity of their conditions of origin, are characterized by natural heterogeneity at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels, which makes it difficult to develop sufficiently universal criteria for their strength. Despite a number of known models and criteria of strength and fracture, the search for such criteria remains an urgent problem. In this paper, using the energy approach to the mathematical modeling of mechanical systems, the fracture criterion is justified, which differs from the known criteria that do not require integration to calculate the strain energy We and dissipation energy Wd. The well-known relation for the input energy W=We+Wd is used. The object of the study was the ratio of dW=dWe+dWd. The main research question concerned what the ratio of dWe and dWd would be at the point of brittle failure. The search for an answer to the question led to the justification of a differential energy criterion for the failure of brittle materials on the descending branch of the full stress–strain curve. It was found that the point of predicted fracture is determined by the equality σ=0.5 εEtangential (if there is an inflection point on the ascending branch) or σ=0.5 εEsecant_secant. The main result of the work was ascertaining the differential strength and fracture criteria of brittle materials in the form of inequalities and equations, which were oriented for application in engineering calculations. Examples of application of the developed criteria are given; their consistency with the experimental data known from the literature confirmed.
TOXIC BEAUTY STANDARDS REFLECTED IN PRAKASA’S IMPERFECT: A PSYCHOANALYSIS
Authors: Pramesti Citra Nareswara , Purwanto Sugeng 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Imperfect is a movie depicting the struggle of someone who is obsessed with toxic beauty standards. The researcher applies psychoanalysis theory which especially related to id, ego and superego discovered by Freud (1923). The purpose of this study is to find out what causes the main character of this movie to be obsessed with toxic beauty standards and to find out the experiences id, ego and superego which is related to her life. The data from this study were obtained from watching and analyzing the movie Imperfect. After analyzing this film, it can be said that the basis of beauty standard is neutral, corresponds to each individual's preferences in what they see as beautiful. However, the fixation on beauty standards could become toxic if one cannot let go of their obsession with the flaws that are visible on their body. Body neutrality movement arises to tackle this problem. It invites people not to put their focus on the aesthetics of their bodies, instead people should put their focus on the functionality of their limbs.
Keywords: Movie Imperfect, Psychoanalysis, Toxic Beauty Standard, Body Neutrality
TABOOS SPOKEN BY THE CHARACTERS IN A SPONGEBOB MOVIE: SPONGE ON THE RUN PLAYING IN MOVIES IN 2020
Authors: Bachtiar Taruna Bachtera , Soepriatmadji Liliek 
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to investigate if there are types and function of taboo words in a SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run movie. It was taken from the dialogues in the movie that shows taboo. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The researcher analyze data using two theories, they are Battistella and Wardhaugh theories. The study answered two questions related to statement of the problems. First is what type of taboos are produced and the second is what are the functions that those taboo words by the characters in whole dialogue. The results indicated that: 1) three types appears: epithet, profanity, and vulgarity. Epithet becomes the most type used in the movie because it is used as slurs to the listeners. Besides, vulgarity becomes the least type of it. 2) Several functions appears too. First is to get attention, second is insult to other, and least is provoke. Insulting becomes the most dominant function used because they like to disdain or offend other characters pride. Meanwhile, taboo words used to provoke appears as the least function in the movie. The result of this research can be used as a warning for ourselves (especially Indonesian parents) if taboos can appears in serial cartoon movie.
Keywords: Taboo words, types, function, SpongeBob Movie.
ENGLISH DIPTHONGS [eɪ], [aɪ], [aʊ] PRONUNCIATION PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY SEVENTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM IN STIKUBANK UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2018
Authors: Wulandari Fitri , Rustipa Katharina 
Published: November 2022

This final project concerns about the problem of pronouncing English diphthongs conducted by students majoring in English Literature at Stikubank University, which aims to analyze English diphthongs and what are the causes of the problem. This research uses descriptive quantitative research method. The subjects of this study were taken as many as 7 students from the English Literature department at the Stikubank University Semarang academic year of 2018. The data collected through student pronunciation tests from WhatsApp, and also recorded via voice notes from WhatsApp, then the recorded data was transcribed. The results of this research show that the most difficult English diphthong to pronounce correctly is diphthong [aʊ] which has a presentation of 39.93%, then for diphthong [eɪ] as much as 34.48%, and the lowest diphthong [aɪ] is 27.59%. From these results it can be concluded that students still have to practice a lot so that they can be easily understood and avoid misunderstandings.

Keywords: English Diphthong, Pronunciation Error, Monophthongization
THE USE OF QUIZZIZ TO FACILITATE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING
Authors: Mustika Ira , Affini Laily Nur , Sophia B Th. Cicik 
Published: November 2022

Quizziz is an educational application download that contains an online quiz and can be used in multiplayer. This application can be accessed via the web or can also be downloaded from the Play Store or Appstore on a smartphone. Its use is also very easy and practical. So it is possible to use it as a test, homework, or small quiz in the teaching and learning process. This research discusses about the implementation of Quizziz as a teaching media to facilitate students’ learning vocabulary for Grade X at MA NU 1 Limpung in the academic years of 2022/2023. The study aims to determine : ( 1) This is to determine of using Quizziz Application on Teaching-Learning Vocabulary in students who have difficulty in learning.( 2 ) This is to determine the effect of using Quizziz to motivate students in the teaching-learning vocabulary. ( 3 ) To discover differences between students' after using Quizziz in learning vocabulary.The researchers utilized descriptive qualitative research methodologies in this study. The data obtained shows that Quizziz can motivate students’ in the teaching learning vocabulary process.
Efektivitas Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Butterfly Trigon Dalam Model Kooperatif Tipe TSTS
Authors: Asdar Asdar , Nasrullah Narullah , Yusuf A.Nur Putri Ramdhani 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan media pembelajaran Butterfly Trigon dalam model kooperatif tipe TSTS pada pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas X SMA dengan indikator efektivitas pembelajaran yaitu hasil belajar siswa, aktivitas siswa, dan respons siswa. Penelitian kuasi eksperimental desain tipe kontrol grup pretest dan posttest menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling. Populasi penelitian siswa kelas X SMA dan Sampel penelitian terdiri dua kelompok yaitu kelas eksperimen (Treatment) sebanyak 25 siswa dan kelas kontrol sebanyak 24 siswa. Data hasil belajar siswa diperoleh dengan pemberian pretest dan posttest, data aktivitas siswa diperoleh dengan lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, serta data respons siswa diperoleh dengan angket respons siswa. Adapun data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial sehingga secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran Butterfly Trigon dalam model kooperatif TSTS efektif diterapkan pada pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas X SMA. Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Hasil Belajar, Media Pembelajaran, Model Kooperatif Tipe TSTS, Butterfly TrigonThis research aims to determine the effectiveness of the application Butterfly Trigon learning media in the cooperative model type TSTS on mathematics learning for X grade high school students with the indicators of learning effectiveness is student learning outcomes, student activities, and student responses. This research is a quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest control group design using cluster random sampling technique. The population of this study were X grade high school students and the research sample consisted of two groups, namely the experimental class (Treatment) with 25 students and the control class with 24 students. Student learning outcomes data obtained by giving pretest and posttest, student activity data obtained through student activity observation sheets, and student response data obtained by student response questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics so in general it can be concluded that the application Butterfly Trigon learning media in the cooperative model type TSTS is effectively applied on the mathematics learning for X grade high school students. Key Words: Effectiveness, Learning Outcomes, Learning Media, Cooperative model type TSTS, Butterfly Trigon