bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination on Lactating Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Muyldermans Joke , De Weerdt Louise , De Brabandere Larissa , Maertens Kirsten , Tommelein Eline 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe availability of new vaccines against COVID-19 urges for guidance about vaccination during lactation. We aimed to review the literature to get an insight into the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on lactating women.DesignSystematic review.Data SourcesWe searched Ovid Embase Classic+Embase, PubMed and BioMed Central for articles published between December 1st 2020 and December 31st 2021.Review MethodsThe search strategy contained terms and combinations related to COVID-19 vaccination during lactation, including the MeSH terms “COVID-19”, “COVID-19 Vaccines”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “Lactation”, “Breast Feeding”, “Pregnancy” and “Postpartum period”. The database search was completed with a manual search of the reference lists of included articles. Data concerning country, study period, number of participants, type of applied vaccine, time points of sampling and outcome measures were collected from the selected manuscripts. The data are summarized and synthesized in a descriptive way.Results30 manuscripts were included in this review. Data on safety of COVID-19 vaccination during lactation indicate no severe vaccine-related local and systemic reactions, both after first and second dose, neither in the mother nor the nursing child. No significant amount of vaccine components seems to appear in breast milk. Milk supply data after vaccination are inconclusive as there are no quantitative data available. Some women however observe a temporary increase or reduction in milk supply, without long-term effects. All prospective cohort studies demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in breast milk of nursing mothers vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Nearly all studies were conducted with mRNA vaccines.ConclusionThere is evidence that the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine is safe and poses no additional risk to the breastfeeding woman or the breastfed baby. After vaccination of the mother during the lactation period, antibodies appear in the milk, which could protect the infant against COVID-19. Professional associations and government health authorities should therefore recommend offering COVID-19 vaccines to breastfeeding women, as the potential benefits of maternal vaccination while breastfeeding outweigh the risks.
Serological Phenotyping Analysis Uncovers a Unique Metabolomic Pattern Associated With Early Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhu Linmin , Huang Qianyang , Li Xiao , Jin Bo , Ding Yun , Chou C. James , Su Kuo-Jung , Zhang Yani , Chen Xingguo , Hwa Kuo Yuan , Thyparambil Sheeno , Liao Weili , Han Zhi , Mortensen Richard , Jin Yi , Li Zhen , Schilling James , Li Zhen , Sylvester Karl G. , Sun Xuguo , Ling Xuefeng B. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted disorder affecting epidemic proportion at global scope. Defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond effectively to insulin are the underlying biology of T2DM. However, circulating biomarkers indicative of early diabetic onset at the asymptomatic stage have not been well described. We hypothesized that global and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomic discovery can identify novel serological metabolic biomarkers specifically associated with T2DM. We further hypothesized that these markers can have a unique pattern associated with latent or early asymptomatic stage, promising an effective liquid biopsy approach for population T2DM risk stratification and screening.Methods: Four independent cohorts were assembled for the study. The T2DM cohort included sera from 25 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy individuals for the biomarker discovery and sera from 15 patients with T2DM and 15 healthy controls for the testing. The Pre-T2DM cohort included sera from 76 with prediabetes and 62 healthy controls for the model training and sera from 35 patients with prediabetes and 27 healthy controls for the model testing. Both global and targeted (amino acid, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid) approaches were used to deep phenotype the serological metabolome by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Different machine learning approaches (Random Forest, XGBoost, and ElasticNet) were applied to model the unique T2DM/Pre-T2DM metabolic patterns and contrasted with their effectiness to differentiate T2DM/Pre-T2DM from controls.Results: The univariate analysis identified unique panel of metabolites (n = 22) significantly associated with T2DM. Global metabolomics and subsequent structure determination led to the identification of 8 T2DM biomarkers while targeted LCMS profiling discovered 14 T2DM biomarkers. Our panel can effectively differentiate T2DM (ROC AUC = 1.00) or Pre-T2DM (ROC AUC = 0.84) from the controls in the respective testing cohort.Conclusion: Our serological metabolite panel can be utilized to identifiy asymptomatic population at risk of T2DM, which may provide utility in identifying population at risk at an early stage of diabetic development to allow for clinical intervention. This early detection would guide ehanced levels of care and accelerate development of clinical strategies to prevent T2DM.
Silver Chitosan Nanocomposites are Effective to Combat Sporotrichosis
Authors: Artunduaga Bonilla Jhon Jhamilton , Honorato Leandro , Guimarães Allan J. , Miranda Kildare , Nimrichter Leonardo 
Published: April 2022

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in polymeric matrix has acquired special attention as a strategy to reduce metal toxicity without losing its antimicrobial effect. In this work, the green synthesis of AgNPs and their functionalization with chitosan (AgNPs@Chi) was performed, and their antifungal activity investigated against the foremost species responsible for causing sporotrichosis, Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii. In vitro studies revealed inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.12–1 μg/ml for both nanocomposites (NCs). Silver release in suspension displayed chitosan as a potential vehicle for continuous silver discharge, with a complete release after 52 days. No synergistic effects were observed in vitro when the NCs were combined with itraconazole or amphotericin B. Treatment of S. brasiliensis with NCs caused morphological deformities, cell membrane discontinuity and an intense cytoplasmic degeneration. Remarkably, both NCs induced the growth and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts when compared to control conditions. In addition, functionalization of AgNPs with chitosan significantly reduced its hemolytic activity, suggesting their potential use in vivo. Finally, silver nanocomposites were used as a daily topical treatment in a murine model of subcutaneous sporotrichosis, showing the ability to reduce the Sporothrix infection and stimulate tissue repair. In combination, our results demonstrate that AgNPs@Chi can be a non-toxic and efficient alternative for sporotrichosis.
Brain–Computer Interface-Robot Training Enhances Upper Extremity Performance and Changes the Cortical Activation in Stroke Patients: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Liu Lingyu , Jin Minxia , Zhang Linguo , Zhang Qiuzhen , Hu Dunrong , Jin Lingjing , Nie Zhiyu 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionWe evaluated the efficacy of brain–computer interface (BCI) training to explore the hypothesized beneficial effects of physiotherapy alone in chronic stroke patients with moderate or severe paresis. We also focused on the neuroplastic changes in the primary motor cortex (M1) after BCI training.MethodsIn this study, 18 hospitalized chronic stroke patients with moderate or severe motor deficits participated. Patients were operated on for 20 sessions and followed up after 1 month. Functional assessments were performed at five points, namely, pre1-, pre2-, mid-, post-training, and 1-month follow-up. Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) was used as the primary outcome measure, while Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), its wrist and hand (FMA-WH) sub-score and its shoulder and elbow (FMA-SE) sub-score served as secondary outcome measures. Neuroplastic changes were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline and after 20 sessions of BCI training. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate functional connectivity (FC) across time points.ResultsCompared to the baseline, better functional outcome was observed after BCI training and 1-month follow-up, including a significantly higher probability of achieving a clinically relevant increase in the WMFT full score (ΔWMFT score = 12.39 points, F = 30.28, and P &lt; 0.001), WMFT completion time (ΔWMFT time = 248.39 s, F = 16.83, and P &lt; 0.001), and FMA full score (ΔFMA-UE = 12.72 points, F = 106.07, and P &lt; 0.001), FMA-WH sub-score (ΔFMA-WH = 5.6 points, F = 35.53, and P &lt; 0.001), and FMA-SE sub-score (ΔFMA-SE = 8.06 points, F = 22.38, and P &lt; 0.001). Compared to the baseline, after BCI training the FC between the ipsilateral M1 and the contralateral M1 was increased (P &lt; 0.05), which was the same as the FC between the ipsilateral M1 and the ipsilateral frontal lobe, and the FC between the contralateral M1 and the contralateral frontal lobe was also increased (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that BCI-based rehabilitation could be an effective intervention for the motor performance of patients after stroke with moderate or severe upper limb paresis and represents a potential strategy in stroke neurorehabilitation. Our results suggest that FC between ipsilesional M1 and frontal cortex might be enhanced after BCI training.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2100046301.
Preclinical Evidence of Paeoniflorin Effectiveness for the Management of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Anzhu , Zhao Wei , Yan Kaituo , Huang Pingping , Zhang Hongwei , Ma Xiaochang 
Published: April 2022

Background: Vessel recanalization is the main treatment for ischemic stroke; however, not all patients benefit from it. This lack of treatment benefit is related to the accompanying ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, neuroprotective therapy for I/R Injury needs to be further studied. Paeonia lactiflora Pall. is a commonly used for ischemic stroke management in traditional Chinese medicine; its main active ingredient is paeoniflorin (PF). We aimed to determine the PF’s effects and the underlying mechanisms in instances of cerebral I/R injury.Methods: We searched seven databases from their inception to July 2021.SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was used to assess methodological quality. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 12.0 software were used for meta-analysis.Results: Thirteen studies, including 282 animals overall, were selected. The meta-analyses showed compared to control treatment, PF significantly reduced neurological severity scores, cerebral infarction size, and brain water content (p = 0.000). In the PF treatment groups, the apoptosis cells and levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β) decreased compared to those in the control groups (p = 0.000).Conclusion: Our results suggest that PF is a promising therapeutic for cerebral I/R injury management. However, to evaluate the effects and safety of PF in a more accurate manner, additional preclinical studies are necessary.
Neurological Adverse Events Associated With Esketamine: A Disproportionality Analysis for Signal Detection Leveraging the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Guo Haoning , Wang Bin , Yuan Shuying , Wu Silin , Liu Jing , He Miaoquan , Wang Jisheng 
Published: April 2022

Esketamine was approved for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression in 2019. After the approval of esketamine, numerous concerns have been raised regarding its long-term safety and tolerability. A previous systematic pharmacovigilance study on esketamine-related adverse events (AEs) was published in 2020; however, it has not been updated 2 years later. The primary aim of this study was to detect and characterize neurological safety signals of esketamine to partially update the knowledge in this field using the FDA pharmacovigilance database. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) was calculated for esketamine-related neurological AEs from 2019 to 2021 with a signal considered when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of ROR (ROR025) exceeded one. Severe and non-severe cases were compared using an independent samples t-test or chi-squared (χ2) test, and a rating scale was used to prioritize the signals. The database contained 720 cases of esketamine-associated neurological AEs, with 21 signals detected, ranging from a ROR025 of 1.05 (disturbance in attention) to 204.00 (sedation). 16 latest neurological AEs emerged in the second year of marketing approval of esketamine, with eight signals detected. The associations between esketamine and nervous system disorders persisted when stratifying by sex, age, and reporter type, whereas the spectrum of neurological AEs differed in stratification regimens. Esketamine dosage, antidepressant polypharmacy, or co-prescription with benzodiazepines affected AEs severity (t = 2.41, p = 0.017; χ2 = 6.75, p = 0.009; and χ2 = 4.10, p = 0.043; respectively), while age and sex did not (p = 0.053 and p = 0.397, respectively). Three signals were categorized as moderate clinical priority [i.e., sedation, dizziness, and dysgeusia (priority points 7, 5, and 5, respectively)], showing the same early failure type profiles. Notably, seven detected disproportionality signals were not previously detected in clinical trials. Although the majority of results were in line with those obtained in the previous study, there were discrepancies in the spectrum of neurological AEs and the effects of several risk factors on AEs severity among the two studies that should be recognized and managed early in clinical treatments.
Impact of Different Styles of Online Course Videos on Students' Attention During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gao Qi , Tan Ying 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic interfered with normal campus life, resulting in the need for the course to be conducted in an ideal online format. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of different styles of online political course videos on students' attention during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFour college students participated in this small sample study. They were required to conduct two sessions of the experiment, in which they were required to watch three different styles of course videos in each session. While watching the videos, their EEG signals were acquired. For the acquired EEG signals, the sample entropy (SampEn) features were extracted. On the other hand, Mayer's theories of multimedia technology provide guidance for teachers' online courses to enhance students' attention levels. The results of EEG signals analysis and Mayer's theories of multimedia technology were combined to compare and analyze the effects of three styles of instructional videos.ResultsBased on comparisons of the SampEn and Mayer's theories of multimedia technology analysis, the results suggest that online instruction in a style where the instructor and content appear on the screen at the same time and the instructor points out the location of the content as it is explained is more likely to elicit higher levels of students' attention.ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, online instructional methods have an impact on students' classroom attention. It is essential for teachers to design online instructional methods based on students' classroom attention levels and some multimedia instructional techniques to improve students' learning efficiency.
MOLECULAR, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES AND THEIR ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Authors: Pérez-Corral Daniel Alonso , Ornelas-Paz José de Jesús , Olivas-Orozco Guadalupe Isela , Acosta-Muñiz Carlos Horacio , Salas-Marina Miguel Ángel , Berlanga-Reyes David I. , Ruiz-Cisneros María Fernanda , Rios-Velasco Claudio 
Published: April 2022

Plants are susceptible to a wide variety of pathogens that can affect their physiology, growth and cause death. Synthetic fungicides are used for fungal control; however, these chemicals can be harmful to the environment and favor the development of resistance; therefore, as a viable alternative, antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes can be used in agriculture as biocontrol agents. A total of 1763 isolates of actinomycete were obtained from soil samples from different agroecosystems in Chihuahua, Mexico. Forty-four isolates were analyzed for their morphology, molecular characteristics, ability to hydrolyze various substrates, ability to use different energy sources and antagonistic activity. The isolated actinomycetes belong to the genera Amycolatopsis, Saccharopolyspora, Nocardioides and Streptomyces, according to molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene. Streptomyces was the most abundant (90.9 %). Most of the selected isolates produced siderophores (93.2 %) and indole acetic acid (66 %). Isolates preferably used soluble starch among 19 tested energy sources. Confrontation studies of isolates with Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Sclerotium rolfsii showed inhibition of radial growth (IRG) of 0.3- 92.1 %, 0-98.5 %, 0.4-96.9 %, and 0.2-100 %, respectively. Isolates A07 (Streptomyces cangkringensis CIAD-CA07), A27 (Streptomyces misionensisCIAD-CA27) and A45 (Streptomyces kanamyceticus CIAD-CA45) showed IRG values larger than 50 % against the four fungi. Isolate A27 caused the highest IRG values (92.1- 99.1 %), with S. rolfsii being the most susceptible fungus and F. equiseti the most resistant one. Results demonstrated the wide abundance and diversity of actinomycetes in agroecosystems. Some of the isolated actinomycetes showed high antagonistic activity and might be used as biological control agents of phytopathogenic fungi.
Breve análisis y prospectiva de la industria del gas natural boliviano: 1980-2021
Authors: Medinaceli Mauricio 
Published: April 2022

En el presente documento se exploran las causas que llevaron a abrir nuevos mercados del gas natural en Bolivia, su evolución y posterior desaceleración; algunas medidas de política pública que podrían servir para incrementar la producción del sector hidrocarburos boliviano y, finalmente, el nuevo contexto de los mercados internacionales, que es poco favorable para Bolivia, debido a dos factores: 1) que tanto Brasil como Argentina tienen interesantes prospectos para incrementar la producción doméstica y; 2) la irrupción del GNL en América del Sur convierte a este producto en un competidor serio para el gas boliviano. Es claro que hace 30 años atrás ninguno de estos factores era una amenaza creíble.
Del breve análisis realizado en este documento se puede concluir: 1) la exportación de gas natural, en particular el proyecto Bolivia-Brasil, tuvo un impacto positivo sobre el desempeño del sector hidrocarburífero boliviano y la economía en general; 2) debido a la naturaleza de la inversión realizada en el sector, concentrada en la explotación de campos, y uno de los Government Take más altos de la región, se espera una declinación en la producción futura de gas natural; 3) por este motivo, Bolivia acordó con Brasil y Argentina (en 2019 y 2020, respectivamente) adendas a los contratos de exportación que disminuyen las obligaciones de entrega, y así evitar el pago de multas y; 4) hoy en día la posición negociadora de Bolivia frente a Brasil y Argentina es más débil que hace 30 años atrás, debido a varios factores, entre ellos, la decreciente capacidad de producción de gas natural boliviana, importantes descubrimientos de gas en Vaca Muerta en Argentina y el Pre Sal en Brasil, y la posibilidad de importar este producto a través de proyectos de GNL. Adicionalmente, el documento propone algunas medidas para impulsar el sector nuevamente, entre las cuales destacan la corporativización de YPFB y un sistema impositivo más flexible.
PENYULUHAN AYO, TETAP WASPADA COVID-19 PADA ANAK-ANAK DI SEKITAR PASAR 14 ILIR PALEMBANG
Authors: Salamah Irma , Kusumanto RD , Gustina Meli , Alisya City Ardhela , Putri Jullia Fatriana 
Published: April 2022

Pemahaman yang baik mengenai Covid-19 sangat diperlukan bagi anak-anak, apalagi pada saat ini kasus Covid-19 pada anak-anak di Indonesia merupakan yang tertinggi di Asia Afrika. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sangat diperlukan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang baik dan benar kepada anak-anak disekitar kita mengenai pendemi covid-19 ini. Dalam hal ini salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai Covid-19 pada anak-anak adalah dengan cara melakukan penyuluhan tetap waspada Covid-19 di daerah 14 ilir, Palembang. Lokasi tempat tinggal yang berdekatan dengan pasar kentut 14 Ilir, menjadi salah satu permasalahan, dikarenakan warga disekitar yang begitu rentan bertemu dengan orang banyak dan tentunya akan memperbesar kemungkinan penularan Covid-19.Â Cukup banyaknya anak-anak yang masih bermain diluar rumah juga menjadi permasalahan di lokasi ini. Kegiatan Penyuluhan ini dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap evaluasi. Dari hasil penyuluhan yang dilakukan, ternyata masih banyak anak yang belum mengetahui dengan baik mengenai Covid-19, rata-rata mereka hanya mengetahui bahwa protokol kesehatan yang harus dilakukan selama pandemi Covid-19 hanya dengan memakai masker dan mencuci tangan. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian ini, diharapkan dapat membantu mereka untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang baik mengenai Covid-19 dan dapat membiasakan diri menerapkan protokol kesehatan secara langsung dengan gerakan 3M untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19.Kata Kunci: Anak-anak, Covid-19, Penyuluhan
Aplikasi Kamus Istilah Komputer Pada Perangkat Mobile Menggunakan fitur Voice, Abjad dan Kategori Berbasis Android
Authors: Idham Farid , Maliki Ona 
Published: April 2022

The dictionary, the term computer widely circulated today, is still in the form of books. Many make it difficult for users because they have to search for the meaning and terms of the computer manually. The method used in this research using the Research and Development method, where the researcher conducts fact gathering that refers to the KBBI dictionary. It was then built using the android studio application as a medium to create an information system term computer dictionary.Â With this Android-based dictionary, anyone and anywhere anyone can access it easily. For that, there is a need for a dictionary of terms, computers to facilitate the public in understanding the meaning of words and terms of computers in the form of mobile applications, especially android-based.