bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose in secondary xylem of Cactaceae: crystalline composition and anatomical distribution
Authors: Maceda Agustín , Soto-Hernández Marcos , Terrazas Teresa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cellulose is the main polymer that gives strength to the cell wall and consists of crystalline-microfibrils and amorphous-matrix cellulose located in the primary and secondary cell walls of the plants. In the Cactaceae family, there are studies on the composition of lignin but not on the crystallinity of cellulose. Therefore, the objective of his work is to analyze the crystallinity composition and distribution of cellulose in the cells of the xylem tissue. Twenty-five species of Cactaceae were collected, dried, and milled. The extractives were removed until obtaining extractive-free wood. Subsequently, cellulose was purified, readings with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were made, the crystallinity indexes were calculated and statistical analyzes were performed to identify differences between species. In addition, for the anatomical analysis of wood, stem sections for each plant were fixed, cut, and stained with safranin O / fast green to observe under epifluorescence microscopy. The results showed that crystalline cellulose ratios had statistically significant differences between Echinocereus pectinatus and C. pallida. All cacti species had a higher proportion of crystalline cellulose in the Total crystalline index and Hydrogen bond intensity except for E. pectinatus in the latter. The fluorescence emission of cellulose in all species was red, the distribution of cellulose in non-fibrous species was in the primary wall; while in the fibrous species, the distribution was in the internal walls and the pits. The high percentages of crystalline cellulose may be related to its distribution in the non-lignified parenchyma and primary walls of tracheary elements with helical or annular thickenings of non-fibrous species, possibly offering structural rigidity and as part of the defense system against pathogens.
First serologic evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) infection in camels (Camelus dromedarius), Turkey
Authors: Pestil Züleyha , Ataseven Veysel Soydal , Ambarcıoğlu Pınar , Gürel Kemal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In Turkey, camels are bred and used for various purposes such as touristic, traditional camel wrestling and transportation in the Aegean, Central Anatolia, Marmara, Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia regions. We examined serum samples belonging to 188 dromedary camels from 72 herds in 9 cities in Turkey for antibodies to MERS-CoV using indirect ELISA. 52.7% of the camel sera were seropositive for MERS-CoV and moderate levels of antibodies against MERS-CoV were detected (mean OD: 1.90 ± 0.97). This indicates that Turkish dromedary camels demonstrate a significantly high prevalence of MERS-CoV infection and follow-up studies should continue to monitor the epidemiological status of this infection in camels in Turkey.
LncRNA AK154753 promotes acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating the miR-345-3p/Bak and miR-708-5p/Bim axes
Authors: Deng Yunzhen , He Yi , Zhuang Kaiting , Xi Jing , Li Siyao , Wen Yanlin , Tang Chengyuan , Chen Junxiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of a complex clinical syndrome with various causes and poor efficacy. The pathophysiology of AKI includes inflammation, cell apoptosis and cell death. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of functional RNA molecules with a length of more than 200 nucleotide units (NT) and no ability to encode proteins. To identify novel molecular mechanism and potential targets for AKI, the differential expressed lncRNAs between normal and AKI tissues were analyzed with bioinformatics tool. In the present study, the mouse kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model and cell oxygen and glucose deprivation/ reperfusion (OGD/R) model were established. The expression levels of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were detected by high-throughput sequencing technology. Meanwhile, lncRNA, miRNA expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Luciferase analysis was used to further investigate the interaction between lncRNA AK154753 and miRNA, miRNA and mRNA. Western-blot were performed to test the expression of apoptosis related proteins. Furthermore, TUNEL assay was united with flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis rate. We found lncRNA AK154753 was significantly up-regulated, while miR-345-3p and miR-708-5p were significantly down-regulated during IRI. At the same time, IRI triggered cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro as the evidence by upregulation of Bim/Bak/cleaved-caspase3. Luciferase analysis showed that lncRNA AK154753 could both interacted with miR-345-3p and miR-708-5p, miR-345-3p could interacted with Bak, miR-708-5p could interacted with Bim respectively. Inhibition of lncRNA AK154753 alleviated cell apoptosis along with miR-345-3p/miR-708-5p up-regulated during IRI. In conclusion, the results suggest that lncRNA AK154753 participates in the occurrence and development of acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating miR-345-3p/Bak, miR-708-5p/Bim axes. Inhibiting lncRNA AK154753 may represent new therapeutic modalities for renal IR injury.
Spatial multiomics profiling reveals immune features in tumor-adjacent tissues associated with survival of stage I lung squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Ying Lisha , Zhang Chunliu , Reuben Alexandre , Tian Yiping , Jin Jiaoyue , Wang Canming , Bai Jing , Fang Jianfei , Feng Tingting , Xu Chenyang , Zhu Rui , Huang Minran , LYU Yingqi , Liu Xinyuan , Lu Tingting , Pan Xiaodan , Zhang Jianjun , Su Dan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The immunogenomic features of tumor-adjacent lungs (TALs) in stage I lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) aren’t clear. Multiomics analyses of tumor tissues and paired TALs from 59 stage I LUSC patients were performed. Compared to tumors, TALs exhibited a better preserved immune contexture indicated by upregulation of immune pathways, increased immune infiltration and higher expression of immune effector molecules. Notably, TALs had no mutations in PTEN and KEAP1, a lower incidence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loss and higher expression of HLA class I genes, MHC I chaperones and IFN-γ-associated genes. Digital spatial profiling validated the generally higher immune infiltration in TALs and revealed a higher level of immune heterogeneity in LUSC tumors. Importantly, patients with higher immune infiltration in TALs had significantly longer survival, while high immune heterogeneity was associated with inferior patient survival. Our work can be considered in the selection of patients for adjuvant therapy, especially immunotherapy.
The effect of contactless support parameters on mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion produced overhang parts
Authors: GÜLCAN Orhan , Günaydın Kadir , Çelik Alican , Yasa Evren 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Support structures are used in especially overhang areas in laser metal additive manufacturing to prevent parts from distortion due to high thermal gradients. Since the support structures are not a part of the final component, extra time and material are needed for manufacturing. Moreover, they need to be removed after the build is completed. In addition to waste of time and material, distortion and/or surface roughness issues at supported surfaces may be observed during support removal. As a solution, contactless supports with no direct contact between the support and the part are studied in the present work. Contactless support gap, thickness of each contactless support pieces and the spacing between two contactless support pieces were used as design variables and dimensional variations, distortions, microhardness through thickness, microstructural changes of bottom surfaces, and surface roughness of overhang features were selected as performance outputs. A full set of design of experiments were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion process using Inconel 718 material. It was observed that all three geometrical parameters had direct influence on the performance outputs.
Interleukin-62/lymphocyte as a proposed predictive index for COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Rotundo Salvatore , Borelli Massimo , Scaglione Vincenzo , Lionello Rosaria , Biamonte Flavia , Olivadese Vincenzo , Quirino Angela , Morrone Helen , Matera Giovanni , Costanzo Francesco , Russo Alessandro , Trecarichi Enrico , Torti Carlo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a convenience sample of 93 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) against SARS-CoV-2, the interleukin-62/lymphocyte count ratio (IL-62/LC) was able to predict clinical worsening both in early stages of COVID-19 and in oxygen-requiring patients. Moreover, we analysed the 18 most at-risk patients treated with both moAbs and antiviral treatment and found that only 2 had clinical progression, while in another case, progression was not observed despite IL-62/LC being above the risk cut-off. By contrast, patients with a similar risk were reported to have an unfavorable outcome in most cases from recent data. In conclusion, IL-62/LC may be a valuable method to identify patients requiring more aggressive treatments both in earlier and later stages of the disease; however, most at-risk patients could be protected from clinical worsening by combining moAbs and antivirals, even if levels of the IL-62/LC biomarker are lower than the risk cut-off.
Effects of genotype and ecological environment on the community structure and function of symbiotic bacteria in rhizosphere of ginseng
Authors: Zhang Jiyue , Liu Pin , Nie Botao , Liu Xinxin , Zhang Zhen , He Runlong , Dong Weiwei , Ji Wenxiu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Ginseng, an important traditional Chinese medicine and a new resource food, has two production modes: farmland ginseng and forestland ginseng. Ginseng faces many problems such as high soil bulk density, easy hardening, low nutrient content, reduced porosity and increased soil acidification because of continuous cropping. Increasing studies indicate that plant rhizosphere symbiotic bacteria have an important effect on plant growth and development. We speculate that differences in microbial community may play an important role in promoting ginseng growth、development and health. To reveal the differences between farmland and forestland ginseng cultivation, and to address problems associated with continuous ginseng cropping, we investigated the effects of differences in plant rhizosphere symbiotic bacterial communities in promoting ginseng growth, development, and health.Result: In the present study, the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of different genotypes and ecological environments were analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing platform Illumina, phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt), and other technologies. The organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus contents in forestland soil were significantly different from those in farmland. The bacterial communities of ginseng in forestland, farmland, and greenhouse environments have specific dominant groups at the phylum and genus levels. There were differences in the gene functions of ginseng root-related bacterial communities between forestland and farmland. There were significant differences in the abundance distribution of rhizosphere bacteria among the different genotypes at the phylum and genus levels.Conclusions: There is a close relationship between the ecological environment and bacterial population structure, and the ecological environment of forestland is more conducive to the formation of rich rhizosphere bacterial populations; additionallythe genetic diversity is richer than that of farmland. The rhizosphere bacterial community structure of ginseng was influenced by genotype, and there was a correlation between the distance between ginseng genotypes and the stratified clustering of its rhizosphere bacterial community structure.
The prevalence of HIV/STIs, sexual exploitations, and its determinants among venue-based FSWs in western Oromia, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional and phenomenological study designs
Authors: Markos Jote , Chimdessa Ayana , Kifele Edossa , Upashe Shivaleela P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Globally, estimating the number of sex workers is difficult. However, it is well documented that human right violation and the prevalence of HIV/STIs are high among sex workers in many countries, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Methods: The study was conducted in 4 zonal cities of Western Oromia, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional survey and phenomenological study designs were employed from October 2020 to November 2020. Simple population proportion sampling was used to calculate the sample size. Also, we used Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) to recruit participants into the in-depth interview. A conventional cluster sampling was employed based on the mapping of solicitation spaces, to recruit hard-to-reach populations by sampling primary units (PSUs). A semi-structured interviewer-administered and pre-tested interview guide tools were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS 20.0 Statistical package and Respondent Driven Sampling Analysis Tool (RDSAT). Result: A total of 242 FSWs have taken part in the study, and 239 (98.8%) respondents were included in the analysis. The participants’ mean age was 22.6 years. The sexual behavior of FSWs is very rampant. The multivariate analysis revealed that being illiterate, growing up in rural areas, and using substances in a daily manner, those who started sex work at the age of fewer than 15 years, being raped, and had more than 15 clients per week FSWs were more likely vulnerable to HIV and STIs than their comparison groups. Moreover, FSWs who have inconsistently used condoms, been forced to group sex, and human trafficking were more likely at risk than their comparison groups. However, the FSWs who had ever tested RDT for HIV status and those who scored full marks on the STIs knowledge questionnaire were less likely to be vulnerable than their counterparts. Conclusion: In Ethiopia HIV and STIs vulnerability among FSWs is linked primarily to drug use, being illiterate, starting sex work at a fewer age (less than 15 years), being raped, and having more clients per week, inconsistently using condoms, human trafficking, and group sex behaviors. Renewed efforts are necessary to intervene effectively to address this high-risk hard-to-reach population by shifting from binary epidemiological simple models “cause and effect” to multilevel models that emphasize multiple contributing factors.
Screening and functional study of the dominant strains producing total flavonoids from the endophytic fungi of Epimedium korea
Authors: Zhuang Xin , Yan Li , Chen Jiawen , Xiao Jinglei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As a traditional Chinese Dao-di herb, the size of Epimedium korea's stock in wild populations are shrinking yearly due to environmental, climatic, and anthropogenic impacts. In this study, a new fungal strain, Ilyonectria cyclaminicola (I.c.), capable of a high production of total flavonoids was screened from six endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of E. korea. In the zebrafish model, the metabolites of I.c. strains had similar efficacy to medicinal material. Culturing the I.c. strain with α-actose as the carbon source, glycine as the nitrogen source, at pH = 6 and a culture temperature of 25°C, under 12-h natural light, as the solid fermentation conditions, yielded the highest content of total flavonoids. This study fills the gap in the research on the endophytes of E. korea and lays the foundation for developing the I.c. strain into a new medicinal resource and a substitute for the threatened medicinal material of E. korea.
Effects of oxidative treatments on biomethane potential of solid olive residues
Authors: Girardi Fabio , Mascitti Andrea , d'Alessandro Nicola , Tonucci Lucia , Marzo Giuseppe Augusto , Remetti Romolo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As energy systems transition toward renewable resources, anaerobic digestion (AD) is actually receiving growing attention. AD relies on biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests to determine the methane potential of by-products of carbonious nature. The aim of this investigation was to understand how an oxidative treatment, like the Fenton reaction, influences the BMP, starting from solid residues of olive oil production, coming from the two-phase extraction systems (TPES). We compared two different olive pomaces (with and without stones), both from TPES. The Fenton treatment here proposed is capable to produce three effects in the employed matrices: improving the speed of BMP decreasing the bacteriostatic effect of phenols, reducing the H2S content in the produced biogas (precipitating it as FeS) and enhancing the production of methane in the first four weeks of test.
Surgical Treatment for BPH Refractory to Medication: Robotic Water Jet Ablation vs TURP functional outcomes from two FDA clinical trials
Authors: Te Alexis , Te Alexis , Sze Christina , Kaplan Steven , Chughtai Bilal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A common indication for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) therapies is failure to improve with medical therapy. However, pivotal Federal Drug Administration (FDA) registered randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for minimally invasive surgical therapies (MISTs) are designed to be compared to either sham or placebo while off medical therapy at baseline, and as an alternative to medical therapy. There are few if any RCTs reporting the MISTS efficacy in patients with true medical therapy failure. We report on the efficacy of Robotic Water Jet Ablation Therapy (RWT) and TURP in patients who have failed to improve with medical therapy.
Methods
Data was obtained from the WATER and WATER II clinical trials. Both clinical trials did not implement a drug washout period. Only patients with reported BPH medical therapy such as α-blockers (AB) and 5-α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) usage were included. Functional outcomes as post-void residual volume (PVR), peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), internal prostate symptom score (IPSS), and quality of life score (QoL) were analyzed.
Results
AB and/or 5-ARIs usage at baseline were reported in 146 and 39 patients who underwent RWT (prostate sizes up to 150cc) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP, prostate sizes up to 80cc) respectively. Baseline median (IQR) IPSS, QoL, Qmax and PVR were 24 (18,28), 5 (4,5), 8.9 (6.4,11.5), and 95(36,172), respectively. Functional outcomes did not statistically differ between Aquablation and TURP at baseline and at 36-month. In cohort of true medical failure, both RWT and TURP demonstrated group statistical improvements in PVR, Qmax, IPSS, and QoL at 36-month compared to baseline.
Conclusions
RWT and TURP are effective BPH therapy in patients who truly failed medical therapy, and RWT demonstrated this in a much broader prostate size range.
Inflammatory-related Genes Predicts Prognosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fu Jingyue , Chen Rui , Zhang Zhizheng , Zhao Jianyi , Xia Tiansong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor around the world. Although most breast cancer patients have a good prognosis, due to the significant heterogeneity of breast cancer and results in the difference in prognosis, it is urgent to find new prognostic biomarkers. Recently, inflammatory-related genes have been proven to play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of inflammatory-related genes in breast cancers.MethodsWe evaluated the relationship between inflammatory-related genes (IRGs) and breast cancer by analyzing the TCGA database. Difference and univariate Cox regression analysis were performed and then screened out prognosis related differentially expressed inflammatory genes. The prognostic model was constructed through the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) regression based on the IRGs. Then we used the Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the accuracy of the prognostic model. And further, the nomogram model was established to clinically predict the survival rate of breast cancer patients. We also analyzed the immune cell infiltration and the activity of the immune-related pathways based on the expression of prognostic. The CellMiner database was used to study drug sensitivity. Finally, we performed functional cellular experiments to determine the biological characteristics of IRGs in breast cancer cells.ResultsIn this study, seven IRGs were selected from eleven prognosis-related differential inflammation genes through LASSO Cox regression analysis to construct a prognostic risk model. The risk score was negatively correlated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients through further analysis. ROC curve demonstrated the accuracy of the prognostic model and the nomogram could also accurately predict the survival rate. The ssGSEA analysis was used to quantify the differences between the low- and high-risk groups for the scores of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune-related pathways. Then we explored the relationship between the genes which were a researcher in the model and the susceptibility of drugs. Finally, we performed cellular functional experiments and validated the accuracy of the model.
The Possibility of Real-Time and Long-Term Prediction for Geomagnetic Storms Using Neural Network
Authors: Lin Jyh-Woei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Two backpropagation neural network (BPNN) models were constructed to predict two historic geomagnetic storms that occurred in September 1999 and October 2003. The Disturbance storm time (Dst) indices from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2014 (Coordinated Universal Time, UTC), were used as the training and test datasets for cross-validation in order to verify and validate the reliability and robustness of the two BPNN models, and yielded reasonable, predicted results. A large correlation coefficient (R) and low root mean square error (RMSE) were obtained, verifying the reliability of the two BPNN models. The predicted Dst indices can be provided for giving inputs in advance (i.e., any future time). Therefore, this analyzed method can serve as an excellent real-time prediction (RTP). To test the ability and possibility of the long-term prediction (LTP) obtained using the two BPNN models, the Dst indices were examined, which corresponded to two significant historic large geomagnetic storms that occurred in August 1972 and March 1989. For the both BPNN models, after evaluating their learning procedure, the time-dependence of LTP, the dependence of the predicted errors on the time period length of training datasets, and the variance by learning process, we found that they were stable models for the RTP and LTP.