Effectiveness of Standardized Nursing Care Protocol Post Cardiac Catheterization to Reduce Hematoma Development
Authors: Sania Saeeda , Nazly Afshan , Siddiqui Shamim , Raja . 
Published: May 2022

Background: Hematoma development is the most common vascular access complication among post-cardiac catheterization patients. It requires safe and standardized nursing care protocol, as well as qualified and skilled health providers to obtain good outcomes of management. The vascular complications were severe and increased the length of stay in the hospital. Timely recognition and management can diminish their burden.
Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of Standardized Nursing Care Protocol Post cardiac catheterization to reduce hematoma development.
To assess the association of hematoma development between procedure site (radial and femoral) and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity) among post-cardiac catheterized patients.

Methodology: This quasi-experimental (post) study was conducted at Coronary Care Units at tertiary care hospitals in Karachi. In this study, a total of 108 post-cardiac catheterized patients participated. The patients were divided into two groups; the interventional group and the control group. In the control group, 54 post-cardiac catheterized patients were selected and data were taken based on inclusion criteria who received routine holistic nursing care post-procedure and have been discharged. Besides 54 patients participated in the interventional group who received Standardized Nursing Care Protocol post-cardiac catheterization including proper patient assessment, compression techniques, interventions pre, during and post sheath and TR-band removal to discharge instruction by the principal investigator (PI). The data was collected through patients’ assessment sheets and hematoma scales for the identification of hematoma development rate among post-cardiac catheterized patients. The non-probability consecutive sampling technique was accomplished for the collection of data.
Findings: The rate of hematoma development in the (control) group was reflected at 18 (33.3 %) while after the implementation of the standardized nursing care protocol the rate of hematoma development was 9 (16.6%) in the (interventional) group out of 54 (50%) post-cardiac catheterized patients. There was a significant difference between the (control) and (interventional) groups regarding the rates of hematoma development post-cardiac catheterization i.e. the P values were 0.037 ˂ 0.05. Thus, the standardized nursing care protocol post-cardiac catheterization was effective in the reduction of hematoma development. Furthermore, the radial site procedure reflected fewer rates of hematoma development 8 (14.81%) as compared to the femoral site procedure 19 (35.1%) among post-cardiac catheterized out of 54 (50%). The P-value was 0.058 > 0.05 there was no association between hematoma development and procedure site in the (interventional and control) groups post-cardiac catheterization. Similarly, the P-value was greater than 0.05 hence there was no association between hematoma development and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity) post-cardiac catheterization.
Conclusion: The implementation of Standardized Nursing Care Protocol post-cardiac catheterization was effective for the reduction of hematoma development in the (intervention) group while there was an association of hematoma development between the (control and interventional) groups. However, there was no association between hematoma development and site procedure (radial and femoral) and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity) post-cardiac catheterization.