bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saphenous nerve block versus femoral nerve block in enhanced recovery after knee replacement surgery under spinal anaesthesia
Authors: El-Ghandour Aya Mahmoud , Mohamed Ahmed Saeed , Abosief Eman Mohamed Kamal , Ghoneim Mohammed Mohammed Abd El-Fattah , Ahmad Aya Hisham Moussa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Inadequate pain management after total knee replacement (TKR) prolongs recovery time and increases the risk of postoperative complications. Peripheral nerve fibres blockade has been used as a mode of analgesia after TKR. Femoral nerve block (FNB) is often used to provide postoperative analgesia after TKR. However, FNB causes quadriceps muscle weakness leading to delayed ambulation, patient discomfort and prolonged hospital stay. Nowadays, saphenous nerve block is a relatively new alternative being superior to FNB for providing pure blockage of sensory nerve fibres with preserving quadriceps muscle strength.

Results
Results of this study showed that leg raising test percentages were significantly higher in group S compared to group F (86.7% versus 43.3% respectively), whereas, time up and go (TUG) test values were significantly lower in group S compared to group F (Mean ±SD values were 22.47 ± 4.93 versus 44.6 ± 4.18 respectively with a p-value < 0.0001). Numerical rating score (NRS) for pain scoring was measured at 30 min after admission to PACU, 3, 6, 12 and 24hrs postoperatively showed no significant differences in both groups F & S (1;(0-2), 1;(1-2), 2;(1-2), 2;(1-2), 2;(2-2) versus 1;(0-2), 1;(1-2), 2;(1-3), 2;(1-2), 2;(2-3) respectively with a p-value 0.42, 0.1, 0.1, 0.49, 0.67). Also, both groups showed no significant difference in cumulative 1st 24hrs Nalbuphine consumption (Mean ±SD were 15.33 ± 7.3 for F group versus 14.33 ± 6.26 for S group with a p-value 0.57).

Conclusions
Despite the excellent analgesic effect of FNB, saphenous nerve block could be a favorable choice as a mode of analgesia after TKR, as it preserves quadriceps motor strength and promotes early mobilization compared to FNB.
The supply-side effects of cannabis legalization
Authors: Han Joohun , Ng’ombe John N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study is to examine how cannabis legalization and corresponding taxation would affect the supply-side of the cannabis market. Specifically, the study considers various scenarios in which Oklahoma legalizes recreational cannabis for adult use and simulates changes in state-level market sales for other legal states and the average grower profits in Oklahoma. We assume that legalizing recreational cannabis in medical-only states would significantly increase the demand quantity in the legalized states and the local government would levy a significant level of tax on recreational cannabis. These assumptions are based on the post-legalization phenomena in other legalized US states.

Method
We simulate outcomes in the cannabis industry under the assumption of representative consumers with constant elasticity of substitution demand behavior and profit-maximizing firms with a Cobb-Douglas profit function. All agents are assumed to take exogenous prices as given. We calibrate the model using state-level sales data from 2020 and explore potential policies in Oklahoma and at the federal level.

Results
We find that, under the scenarios we consider, legalization of recreational cannabis in Oklahoma would lead to a decrease in the quantity of cannabis sold in Oklahoma’s medical cannabis market as well as decreases in the quantity of cannabis sold in other states on average. Furthermore, we find that as the excise tax rate on recreational cannabis in Oklahoma is increased, the demand quantity in recreational cannabis market would decrease while the other markets’ demand quantity would increase on average. As the elasticity of substitution between state-level products increases, the overall demand quantity would increase and the market quantity across states become more sensitive to Oklahoma’s tax policies. This pattern could become starker as the elasticity of substitution between recreational and medical cannabis increases. In terms of profit, heavy taxation and price decrease due to legalization would significantly decrease cannabis producers’ production and profit levels unless the cost reduction strategies complement legalization.

Conclusion
Based on our results, the legalization of recreational cannabis has the potential to generate tax revenue to fund critical government projects and services. However, such legalization would have to be done carefully because heavy excise taxes would decrease the legal cannabis market demand and growers’ profit, which would incentivize producers and consumers to move to the illicit cannabis market. Policymakers would have to compromise between the levels of interstate transportation and taxation to ensure that cannabis suppliers also realize some profit within the cannabis supply chain.
Anti-cancer properties of cannflavin A and potential synergistic effects with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and cannabinoids in bladder cancer
Authors: Tomko Andrea M. , Whynot Erin G. , Dupré Denis J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies have shown anti-tumor effects of components present in cannabis in different models. Unfortunately, little is known about the potential anti-tumoral effects of most compounds present in cannabis in bladder cancer and how these compounds could potentially positively or negatively impact the actions of chemotherapeutic agents. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of a compound found in Cannabis sativa that has not been extensively studied to date, cannflavin A, in bladder cancer cell lines. We aimed to identify whether cannflavin A co-treatment with agents commonly used to treat bladder cancer, such as gemcitabine and cisplatin, is able to produce synergistic effects. We also evaluated whether co-treatment of cannflavin A with various cannabinoids could produce synergistic effects.

Methods
Two transitional cell carcinoma cell lines were used to assess the cytotoxic effects of the flavonoid cannflavin A up to 100 μM. We tested the potential synergistic cytotoxic effects of cannflavin A with gemcitabine (up to 100 nM), cisplatin (up to 100 μM), and cannabinoids (up to 10 μM). We also evaluated the activation of the apoptotic cascade using annexin V and whether cannflavin A has the ability to reduce invasion using a Matrigel assay.

Results
Cell viability of bladder cancer cell lines was affected in a concentration-dependent fashion in response to cannflavin A, and its combination with gemcitabine or cisplatin induced differential responses—from antagonistic to additive—and synergism was also observed in some instances, depending on the concentrations and drugs used. Cannflavin A also activated apoptosis via caspase 3 cleavage and was able to reduce invasion by 50%. Interestingly, cannflavin A displayed synergistic properties with other cannabinoids like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, and cannabivarin in the bladder cancer cell lines.

Discussion
Our results indicate that compounds from Cannabis sativa other than cannabinoids, like the flavonoid cannflavin A, can be cytotoxic to human bladder transitional carcinoma cells and that this compound can exert synergistic effects when combined with other agents. In vivo studies will be needed to confirm the activity of cannflavin A as a potential agent for bladder cancer treatment.
Comparison of grain protein profiles of Brazilian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars based on principal component analysis
Authors: Honaiser Tuany Camila , Rossi Gabriela Barbosa , de Moura Rocha Maurisrael , Arisi Ana Carolina Maisonnave 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to compare the grain protein profile of four Brazilian cowpea cultivars (BRS Aracê, BRS Itaim, BRS Pajeú, and BRS Xiquexique) by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and principal component analysis (PCA). 2-DE efficiently separate cowpea protein profiles, showing high homogeneity among the four cultivars. In addition, the principal component analysis indicated that there is a difference in abundance of proteins among the cultivars. The cultivars BRS Aracê and BRS Xiquexique, both biofortified in iron and zinc, were separated from the cultivars BRS Itaim and BRS Pajeú. These results demonstrate that protein profiles can be used to discriminate cowpea varieties.
Graphical Abstract
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for the Development of Infectious Complications in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in Latin America
Authors: Bove Virginia , Riva Eloísa , Vásquez Jule , Peña Camila , Seehaus Cristian , Samanez César , Bustos Justina , Hernández Marcos , Fernández Julio , Ríos Oliday , Rodríguez Yusaima , Figueredo Irving , Fantl Dorotea , Malpica Luis 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE Infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In Latin America, data on infectious complications in this patient population are lacking. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) in seven Latin American countries between June 2019 and May 2020. Patients with active disease, on active therapy, and with a follow-up of 6 months from the time of diagnosis were included. Our primary end point was the number of infectious events that required hospitalization for ≥ 24 hours. RESULTS Of 248 patients with NDMM, 89 (35.9%) had infectious complications (113 infectious events), the majority (67.3%) within the first 3 months from diagnosis. The most common sites of infection were respiratory (38%) and urinary tract (31%). The microbial agent was identified in 57.5% of patients with gram-negative bacteria (73.5%) as the most common pathogen. Viral infections were infrequent, and no patients with fungal infection were reported. In the multivariable analysis, diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% CI, 1.23 to 6.00; P = .014), creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.29 to 10.35; P < .001), no use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis (OR, 6.66; 95% CI, 3.43 to 12.92; P < .001), and treatment with immunomodulatory drugs (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.24 to 6.29; P = .003) were independent factors associated with bacterial infections. At 6 months, 21 patients (8.5%) had died, 47.6% related to infectious complications. CONCLUSION Bacterial infections are a substantial cause of hospital admissions and early death in patients with NDMM. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered to reduce infectious complications in patients with MM.
Palliative Care Use Among People Living With HIV and Cancer: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database (2004-2018)
Authors: Islam Jessica Y. , Nogueira Leticia , Suneja Gita , Coghill Anna , Akinyemiju Tomi 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:People living with HIV (PLWH) diagnosed with cancer are less likely to receive quality cancer treatment compared with HIV-negative patients. Timely provision of palliative care (PC) during cancer treatment can increase patient's survival and improve quality of life. Our objective was to compare the use of PC by HIV status among adults diagnosed with cancer in the United States.METHODS:More than 19 million individuals age 18-90 years diagnosed with the 11 most common cancers among PLWH were selected from the National Cancer Database (2004-2018). The National Cancer Database defined PC as any surgery, radiation, systemic therapy, or pain management treatment with noncurative intent. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between HIV status and PC receipt by cancer site and stage after adjustment for covariates.RESULTS:The study population included 52,306 HIV-positive (average age: 56.5 years) and 19,115,520 HIV-negative (average age: 63.7 years) cancer cases. PLWH diagnosed with stage I-III cancer were more likely to receive PC compared with their HIV-negative counterparts (adjusted odds ratio [aO]: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.80 to 2.14); however, they were also less likely to receive curative cancer treatment (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.59). PLWH diagnosed with stage IV cancer were less likely to receive PC (aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.74) compared with HIV-negative patients. When evaluated by cancer site, PLWH diagnosed with stage IV lung (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.87) and colorectal (aOR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.95) cancers were less likely to receive PC than HIV-negative patients.CONCLUSION:PLWH diagnosed with stage IV cancer, particularly lung and colorectal cancers, were less likely to receive PC compared with cancer patients without HIV. PLWH with nonmetastatic disease were more likely to receive PC but less likely to receive curative treatment, reinforcing that clinical strategies are needed to improve the quality of care among PLWH.
Insulin Shocks
Authors: White Joseph , Corwin Nicholas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Some of the news about insulin is shocking. In the United States, people have died because they were rationing a life-saving medication discovered in the 1920s. How could this happen? Perhaps a better question is why anyone should be surprised. The insulin story both illustrates and challenges many understandings of the problems with insurance, treatment, payment, and politics in the US health care system. It particularly highlights consequences of structuring price discounts as rebates to health plans or government instead of as lower individual prices to patients. Perversely, this encourages higher list prices, which, for patients without insurance or with high cost sharing, make insulin less affordable than it would be without the rebates.
Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy of Very Low-Volume Interval Training in Advanced Cancer Patients
Authors: RELJIC DEJAN , HERRMANN HANS J. , JAKOBS BENEDIKT , DIETERICH WALBURGA , MOUGIAKAKOS DIMITRIOS , NEURATH MARKUS F. , ZOPF YURDAGÜL 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health-related outcomes in various chronic diseases, including cancer. However, data on feasibility and efficacy of HIIT in advanced cancer patients are still sparse, presumably because of safety concerns, like suspected immunosuppression after vigorous exercise. This randomized, sham-intervention controlled study aimed to investigate feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of very low-volume HIIT (LOW-HIIT) in advanced cancer patients.

Methods
Twenty-seven patients (55.4 ± 13.2 yr) with different advanced cancers (Union for International Cancer Control [UICC] III/IV) were randomly allocated to LOW-HIIT (n = 13), consisting of 5 × 1 min cycle ergometer intervals (14 min per session total duration) at 80% to 95% HRpeak (two sessions per week for 12 wk), or a sham intervention (n = 14) performing light physical mobilization exercises (SHAM). Primary outcomes were attrition and attendance rates, with values of ≤25% and ≥80%, respectively, considered acceptable. Secondary outcomes were safety, protocol fidelity, physiological (including CRF measures) and patient-reported outcomes (including fatigue and quality of life).

Results
One of 13 patients (8%) receiving LOW-HIIT dropped out. Mean attendance rate was ~93%. The prescribed minimum exercise intensity was consistently reached by all patients. Low-volume HIIT was well tolerated and not associated with any serious adverse event nor with increased infection susceptibility. There were no biochemical signs of acute immunosuppression after LOW-HIIT. Contrarily, differentiation and degranulation of natural killer cells was acutely increased postexercise. Low-volume HIIT improved CRF measures including peak oxygen uptake, self-reported fatigue, physical, and social functioning. No significant changes occurred in the SHAM group.

Conclusions
Low-volume HIIT can be regarded as feasible and safe in advanced cancer patients. Our preliminary data indicate favorable acute effects on NK-cells and beneficial chronic adaptations in CRF, fatigue, and aspects of quality of life.
Veterinary nurse skill utilisation in small animal practice
Authors: Vivian Sarah R , Dumbell Lucy , Wilkinson Kate 
Published: July 2022

Aim: Confidence levels can be affected in individuals that do not clearly understand a job role; be it the employee, those that delegate to them or the owners of the patients that they treat. Determining how registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) are currently utilised in practice was one part of a study that looked at their overall preparedness to work within the veterinary environment. Methods: A vignette of the demographics of veterinary nurses was established and frequencies were determined for a variety of duties: 1) administration, 2) management and 3) patient care. Results: The results of this research indicate that there is more that can be done to promote the use of RVNs alongside the understanding of duties that should be carried out in this role. It must not be overlooked, however, that nurses are gaining opportunities to be involved in a variety of duties and therefore need to champion themselves to have these skills recognised. Conclusion: It is important RVNs fully understand their job role before they begin the much needed journey of embedding themselves into the practice.
The usefulness of D-dimer as a predictive marker for mortality in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized during the first wave in Italy
Authors: Hassan Shermarke , Ferrari Barbara , Rossio Raffaella , la Mura Vincenzo , Artoni Andrea , Gualtierotti Roberta , Martinelli Ida , Nobili Alessandro , Bandera Alessandra , Gori Andrea , Blasi Francesco , Monzani Valter , Costantino Giorgio , Harari Sergio , Rosendaal Frits Richard , Peyvandi Flora ,   on behalf of the COVID-19 Network working group
Published: July 2022

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents an urgent threat to global health. Identification of predictors of poor outcomes will assist medical staff in treatment and allocating limited healthcare resources.

Aims
The primary aim was to study the value of D-dimer as a predictive marker for in-hospital mortality.

Methods
This was a cohort study. The study population consisted of hospitalized patients (age >18 years), who were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on real-time PCR at 9 hospitals during the first COVID-19 wave in Lombardy, Italy (Feb-May 2020). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Information was obtained from patient records. Statistical analyses were performed using a Fine-Gray competing risk survival model. Model discrimination was assessed using Harrell’s C-index and model calibration was assessed using a calibration plot.

Results
Out of 1049 patients, 507 patients (46%) had evaluable data. Of these 507 patients, 96 died within 30 days. The cumulative incidence of in-hospital mortality within 30 days was 19% (95CI: 16%-23%), and the majority of deaths occurred within the first 10 days. A prediction model containing D-dimer as the only predictor had a C-index of 0.66 (95%CI: 0.61–0.71). Overall calibration of the model was very poor. The addition of D-dimer to a model containing age, sex and co-morbidities as predictors did not lead to any meaningful improvement in either the C-index or the calibration plot.

Conclusion
The predictive value of D-dimer alone was moderate, and the addition of D-dimer to a simple model containing basic clinical characteristics did not lead to any improvement in model performance.
Ligamentization of the reconstructed ACL differs between the intraarticular and intraosseous regions: A quantitative assessment using UTE-T2* mapping
Authors: Yoshimizu Rikuto , Nakase Junsuke , Okuda Miho , Asai Kazuki , Kimura Mitsuhiro , Kanayama Tomoyuki , Yanatori Yusuke , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2022

Background
The purpose of this study was to prospectively observe the trends of ultrashort echo time (UTE)-T2* values for the intraarticular and intraosseous regions of reconstructed anterior cruciate ligaments from 6 to 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by using UTE-T2* mapping, and to investigate the changes and differences over time in each region.

Methods
Ten patients underwent UTE-T2* mapping of the operated knee at 6, 9, and 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The UTE-T2* values of intraarticular and intraosseous regions of reconstructed anterior cruciate ligaments at 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively were statistically compared.

Results
The UTE-T2* values of the intraarticular region at 6 months postoperatively were significantly higher than those at 9 and 12 months. There were no significant differences in the UTE-T2* values at 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively in the intraosseous region. At 6 months postoperatively, the UTE-T2* values of the intraarticular region were significantly higher than those of the intraosseous region. The UTE-T2* values of the intraosseous region at the tibia were significantly lower than those of the other sites at any postoperative time point.

Conclusions
According to UTE-T2*mapping-based findings, histological maturation of reconstructed ACLs is faster in the intraosseous region than in the intraarticular region. In particular, the intraarticular region is still undergoing rapid histologic changes at 6 months postoperatively, and its tissue structure is less substantial than normal. The findings of this study may provide clues to determine the optimal timing for safe return to sports in terms of ligamentaization of reconstructed ACLs.
Analyzing the Concept of Tawakal in Al-Palimbani’s Paradigm of Tasawuf
Authors: Abbas Pirhat 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to see how al-Palimbani's thoughts about tawakal were studied through his famous work on Sufism, the book Sair as-Salikin ila `Ibadah Rabb al-'Alamin. Tawakal is one part of maqāmat, which is a level that must be taken by a Sufi to get to the presence of Allah, which means: surrender, entrust and represent. On the other hand, there are those who say tawakal is very closely related to monotheism because it is an element that is within a believer's Muslim, faith has faith, that belief is the foundation of faith in a Muslim who believes. Tawakal means getting rid of dependency, eliminate persuasion related to someone’s character, and guided by truths in the following character. Al-Palimbani was one of the Palembang-born archipelago Sufis who were closer to al-Ghazali. In some cases, there were many differences. Al-Palimbani Sufi teachings have a considerable influence, not only in the archipelago but also to the Middle East region. Until now al-Palimbani's work on Sufism is still widely used by Sufism or tarekat recitation groups, both in Indonesia and in other Southeast Asian 2l countries, such as in Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, including Thailand. Al-Palimbani offered the concept of tawakal as an absolute surrendering to Allah.