bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a polycarboxylate superplasticizer modified by sodium hypophosphite
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Luyan , Zhang Xiuzhi , Mi Xiangyun , Sun Fengmeng , Ding Mei , Pei Meishan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA sodium hypophosphite (SHP) modified polycarboxylatesuperplasticizer (P‐PCE) was synthesized successfully and the synthesis parameters were optimized through orthogonal experiment. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 31P magic spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (31P MAS NMR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis measurements were used to characterize the molecular structure of P‐PCE. Effects of P‐PCE on the dispersing performance of cement paste were systematically investigated via mini slump test. The results showed that P‐PCE exhibited superior dispersing performance, more retarding hydration effect and better sulfate and clay tolerance than conventional PCE (C‐PCE). Results showed that the maximum flow of cement paste could reach up to 305 mm, while that of the C‐PCE was 285 mm.The maximum variation of adsorption of P‐PCE was 9% and 15% in the presence of sulfate and clay, whereas that of C‐PCE was 15% and 25%, respectively, leading to better sulfate and clay tolerance. These significant advantages could be ascribed to the high anion density and high calcium complexing capacity induced by introducingphosphinate group and phosphonate group into the molecular structure of P‐PCE. The as‐synthesized P‐PCE can be used as a kind of high performance superplasticizer in concrete engineering.
Comparative study on the curing kinetics and thermal properties of a new series of diglycidyl esters of bis(trimellitimide)s
Authors: Abbasi Ehsan , Jannesari Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe non‐isothermal curing behavior of a new series of epoxy‐imide resins based on trimellitimide structures, synthesized in a three‐step procedure, were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The chemical structures of the synthesized intermediates and their corresponding epoxy‐imide resins were characterized and confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The imide‐containing resins, also a medium molecular weight bisphenol‐A based epoxy (as reference) were cured by dicyandiamide. The variation of apparent activation energies (Eα) with conversion was then calculated by various differential, as well as integral isoconversional methods. Furthermore, the thermal stability of understudied systems was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the determined melting temperatures of epoxy‐imide resins were significantly higher than that of the reference one, but were still within the range of powder coating application temperatures. In contrast with the reference, the imide‐containing systems showed the dependency of Eα as a function of the curing conversion and the values of Eα at the onset of their curing reactions were considerably higher than that of another, ca. 111.6–155.4 kJ/mol against 50.7 kJ/mol, which approached the reference value at the end of the curing reactions. The evaluation of reaction mechanisms with the progress of the curing reactions by the methods of Friedman and Malek revealed the traits of autocatalytic behavior, despite the predominance of the nth‐order reaction mechanism. The TGA data also showed that the cured epoxy‐imide samples had lower degradation rates, extended stability windows, and enhanced flame retardancy compared with the reference resin.
Facile grafting hyperbranched poly(thiol ether‐ester) onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via thiol‐yne click chemistry to enhance the thermal conductivity, mechanical, and thermal properties of MWCNTs/epoxy composites
Authors: Xiong Lei , Pan Zhiqing , Lai Wenbin , Liu Fang , Zhao Chunhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we report an efficient and rapid technique to achieve the covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by hyperbranched poly(thiol ether‐ester) (HPTEE) via thiol‐yne click chemistry method. The structures of the MWCNTs grafted with HPTEE (MWCNTs‐HPTEE) were characterized and their effects on the epoxy‐based composites were investigated. It was found that the hyperbranched polymers have been successfully grafted onto the MWCNTs surface thorough covalent bonds, which can greatly improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in epoxy matrix and the interfacial interaction between them, contributing to the largely enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. When 0.6 wt% MWCNTs‐HPTEE was added, the composites exhibited the best mechanical properties. An impressive 180% increase in the impact strength and 72.3% increase in flexural strength were observed with respect to the neat epoxy resin. Moreover, at the same filler content, the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of MWCNTs‐HPTEE/epoxy composites outperformed the composites containing the raw MWCNTs. Experimental results demonstrated that the resulted MWCNTs‐HPTEE are more effective on the improvement of properties of epoxy‐based composites as compared with raw MWCNTs.
Different drives of herding: An exploratory study of motivations underlying social conformity
Authors: Chen Xinling , Li Suiqing , Zhang Yijie , Zhai Yuzhu , Zhang Zhixin , Feng Chunliang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe often align our behaviors, attitudes, and opinions in line with a majority of others, a phenomenon known as “social conformity.” A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives: a desire to gain more information to be accurate, to obtain social approval from others, and to maintain a favorable self‐concept. However, previous studies usually have interpreted conformity behaviors as driven by one motive or another, largely ignoring the fact that human behaviors could be concurrently induced by multiple and even conflicting motivations. Adopting a typical conformity paradigm widely used in previous studies, we explored distinct and concurrent motives underlying the same conformity behavior, combining personality and individual differences with more nuanced analyses of observed conformity behaviors. Our findings provide novel evidence to show that three motivations exist within a single conformity behavior, suggesting that multiple motivations drive the conformity concurrently. These findings provide a potential solution for the extensive debate about what drives human social conformity and help to better understand the conformity behavior in daily life.
Preparation and properties of reinforced SEBS‐based thermoplastic elastomers modified by PA6
Authors: Gao Wentong , Yu Baoyin , Li Shuhang , Chen Shao , Zhu Yuhong , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yilei , Cai Hong , Han Bing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSEBS‐based thermoplastic elastomers modified by PA6 with maleic anhydride grafted copolymer (SEBS‐g‐MAH or PP‐g‐MAH) as the compatibilizer were prepared, and the effects of compatibilizer and PA6 on the mechanical and surface properties of blends were investigated in detail. The dosage ratio of SEBS‐g‐MAH to PA6 at 3:5 is an optimal combination for improving mechanical properties. The maleic anhydride of SEBS‐g‐MAH can react with the terminal amine of PA6 to form the SEBS‐g‐PA6 graft copolymer as a bridge at the phase interface. With the increase of PA6, a typical sea‐island structure gradually appears in the matrix, and when PA6 is 15 phr, the tensile strength and ultimate elongation both reach the maximum of 18.58 MPa and 1097%, and the corresponding wear rate is only 54.4% of that before modification. Furthermore, the addition of PA6 also significantly reduced the contact angle of the blends to below 90°, transforming the hydrophobic surface into a hydrophilic surface. These outcomes provide an effective strategy for reinforcing and modifying the surface properties of thermoplastic elastomers and benefit the development of SEBS in industrial applications.
Asian American adolescents' mental health literacy and beliefs about helpful strategies to address mental health challenges at school
Authors: Liu Jia Li , Wang Cixin , Do Kieu Anh , Bali Diksha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAsian Americans are the fastest‐growing racial group in the United States. Contrary to the model minority myth, many Asian American youth experience mental health challenges. However, they are less likely to utilize school‐based mental health services than their non‐Asian American peers. A paucity of research addresses Asian American adolescents' understanding of mental health disorders and beliefs about helpful strategies for addressing psychological challenges within the school context. The present study utilized vignettes and semi‐structured interviews with 24 Asian American adolescents (M = 16.92, SD = 2.45, 79.17% females) to explore their understanding of eating disorders and depression and what they perceive as helpful strategies to address mental health challenges at school. Participants shared culture‐specific risk factors for these mental health disorders, such as high academic pressure, sociocultural pressures for thinness, and internalized model minority stereotype. Participants also proposed strategies to support youth mental health, including providing support, encouraging professional help‐seeking, reducing stigma, addressing confidentiality concerns, implementing school‐wide programs to promote mental health awareness, promoting positive coping strategies, and establishing strong connections between mental health providers and Asian American students. We discuss practical implications for school‐based mental health programs, practices, and providers.
Assessing students in foster care for autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Dilly Laura J. , Pavlov Alexis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe intersection of children identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children within the foster care system who have experienced trauma can complicate timely assessment and eligibility for special education services, creating health disparities for this group of students. As students with ASD are over three times more likely to be involved in the foster care system than typically developing peers, school psychologists must be equipped to assess for ASD in this population. The complex clinical presentation of students with ASD within foster care contributes to delays in identification and access to special education services. In particular, schools may struggle to disentangle the symptoms of ASD from the consequences of trauma exposure that often accompanies foster care placement. This paper reviews the relation between students in foster care and those with ASD, outlines the similarities and differences in developmental profiles of these students, and provides recommendations for school practitioners associated with assessment practices, prevention strategies to reduce the risk of trauma subsequent foster care placement for students with ASD, as well as needed advocacy efforts and future research.
The sands of time: Adolescents' temporal perceptions of peer relationships and autonomy in the context of living with chronic pain
Authors: Jones Abigail , Caes Line , Eccleston Christopher , Noel Melanie , Gauntlett‐Gilbert Jeremy , Jordan Abbie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe incidence of chronic and recurrent pain increases in adolescence. Prevalence of adolescent chronic pain is estimated to be 11%‐44%, with approximately 5% adolescents experiencing moderate‐to‐severe chronic pain. Adolescents with chronic pain also report unwanted changes in emotional, social, and developmental functioning. Very little is known about how adolescents with chronic pain make sense of their development, the role of pain in that development, and how such developmental trajectories progress over time. A multi‐methods qualitative study was designed to explore how adolescents make sense of their experience of chronic pain in the context of development. Nine adolescents (8 girls) aged 12‐22 years old (Mean = 15.7, SD = 2.8) were recruited from a UK national pain service. Adolescents completed an interview on entering the service, and a follow‐up interview 12 months later. They also completed monthly diaries in this 12‐month period. Data comprised 18 interviews and 60 diary entries, which were analyzed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Analyses generated one overarching theme entitled “tug of war: push and pull,” demonstrating developmental tension related to pain, and the cumulative impact these had over time. This overarching theme comprised two subthemes which capture these tensions across the developmental domains of peer relationships and autonomy. The first subtheme, “the shifting sands of peer relationships,” explores the ever‐changing closeness between self and peers. The second subtheme referred to “restricted choices” and how pain limited the participants' autonomy but that this, over time could push development forward. These results extend previous cross‐sectional research on the developmental consequences of chronic pain, showing the dynamic fluctuations and alterations to developmental trajectories over time.
Auto‐identification of two Sitophilus sibling species on stored wheat using deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Yang Haiying , Zhao Huiyi , Zhang Dufeng , Cao Yang , Teng Shyh Wei , Pang Shaoning , Zhou Xiaoguang , Li Yanyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais are the two main insect pests that infest stored grain worldwide. Accurate and rapid identification of the two pests is challenging because of their similar appearances. The S. zeamais adults are darker and shinier than S. oryzae in visible light. Convolutional neural network (CNN) can be applied for the effective differentiation due to its high effectiveness in object recognition.RESULTSWe propose a multilayer convolutional structure (MCS) feature extractor to extract insect characteristics within each layer of the CNN architecture. A region proposal network is adopted to determine the location of a potential pest in the wheat background. The precision of classification and the robustness of bounding box regression are increased by including deeper layer variables into the classification and bounding box regression subnets, as well as combining loss functions softmax and smooth L1. The proposed multilayer convolutional structure network (MCSNet) achieves the mean average precision of 87.89 ± 2.36% from the laboratory test, with an average detection speed of 0.182 ± 0.005 s per test. The model was further assessed with the field trials, and the obtained accuracy was 90.35 ± 3.12%. For all test conditions, the average precision for S. oryzae was higher than that for S. zeamais.CONCLUSIONThe proposed MCSNet model has demonstrated that it is a fast and accurate method for detecting sibling species from visible light images in both laboratory and field trials. This will ultimately be applied for pest management together with an upgraded industrial camera system, which has been installed in over 100 000 grain depots of China.
Category innovation in the software industry: 1990–2002
Authors: Pontikes Elizabeth George 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study investigatescategory innovation, when firms introduce a new label to pioneer a market category. I propose two antecedent pathways. The first is based on firms' material developments. Firms thatcombine categoriesin their products and technologies are more likely to use category innovation to communicate their position is not peripheral, but at the center of an emerging category. The second is contextual, in response tocategory leniency, when a market category has ambiguous social meaning. Central and peripheral firms in lenient categories use category innovation to send a clearer signal of their position. These pathways are countervailing: the more lenient a firm's categories, the weaker the relationship between category combination and category innovation. Exploratory analyses show category innovation is associated with firm success.Managerial SummaryFirms use category labels to communicate the market they are in. This article studies the linguistic tacticcategory innovation: when firms introduce a new label to signal the firm is carving out a new market. I find firms use this tactic when they (a) develop novel, category‐combining products that do not fit into existing markets, or (b) are in a market that is not well‐defined (alenientmarket category). I also find that for firms in lenient markets, the relationship between novel products and category innovation weakens. Preliminary evidence uncovers an association between firms that use category innovation and their likelihood to IPO, suggesting this linguistic tactic may be part of successful firm strategies.
Cementitious mortars containing pozzolana under elevated temperatures
Authors: Toufigh Vahab , Pachideh Ghasem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, pozzolana are being increasingly used in different types of concretes and mortars. This investigation aims to evaluate the effect of replacing 7, 14, 21, and 28% cement (by weight) with silica fume (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), zeolite, and fly ash (FA) under elevated temperatures. Forty mix designs were built with various water‐to‐cement ratios and plasticizers. Three hundred and six specimens were prepared, and the flexural, uniaxial compression and tensile tests were performed on specimens after exposure to elevated temperatures between 25°C and 900°C. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) test was then performed on the two series of specimens. Accordingly, the results reveal that the average compressive strength of the control specimen and those containing SF, GBFS, Zeolite, and FA, respectively, is 23.17, 32.2, 34.87, 29.67, and 17.38 MPa. These values for the tensile and flexural strength tests are 0.77, 1.1, 1.02, 0.98, and 0.61 and 0.77, 1.23, 1.29, 0.93, and 0.87 MPa, respectively. Therefore, specimens containing zeolite and GBFS had better performance against heat. As per the increase in temperature, the size of the grains in the specimens containing the SF and GBFS in the XRD test shrunk less (about 6%) in contrast to those of the control specimen. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to estimate the mechanical properties of the specimens at the age of 28 days.
Milk production status and associated factors among indigenous dairy cows in Raya Kobo district, north eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abegaz Silamlak Birhanu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA cross‐sectional survey study was conducted from September 2020 to April 2021. A total of 217 households were randomly selected. The data collection instruments were structured questionnaires: focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software. Ranking indexes as well as binary logistic regression analysis were used to look for the relationship between dependent and independent variables.ResultThe present study showed that season of calving, disease and parasite challenges, housing conditions and shortage of land for forage production with an index value of 0.180, 0.154, 0.153 and 0.126, respectively, were the most important constraints affecting milk production potential. Likewise, foot and mouth disease [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.000–0.016)], internal parasites [AOR = 0.003, 95% CI = (0.000–0.046)], shortage of grazing land [AOR = 0.017, 95% CI = (0.002–0.148)], summer season of calving [AOR = 0.012, 95% CI = (0.002–0.088)], overall cattle herd composition [AOR = 0.002, 95% CI = (0.000–0.025)], straw shed [AOR = 0.046, 95% CI = (0.006–0.327)] and open yard [AOR = 0.003, 95% CI = (0.000–0.183)] housing conditions were significantly associated with milk production status at p < 0.001 and p < 0.05.ConclusionThe current study indicated that milk production status was poor. Therefore, suitable government policy support and provision of subsidies, genuine participation of dairy producers with governmental and non‐governmental organizations are imperative to improve livestock productivity. Furthermore, future research and development actions should find solutions to decrease the bottlenecks so that the massive potentials of the area could be exploited to its maximum and could advance the livelihood of the community.
[A([18]crown‐6)]2[Pt(CO)3] ⋅ 10 NH3(A=K, Rb) – A crystal structure containing the long postulated [Pt(CO)3]2−
Authors: Tiefenthaler Susanne M. , Kleemiss Florian , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe compound [A([18]crown‐6]2[Pt(CO)3] ⋅ 10 NH3(A=K, Rb, [18]crown‐ 6=1,4,7,10,13,16‐Hexaoxacyclooctadecane) containing the anion [Pt(CO)3]2−was the unexpected result of a reaction between K6Rb6Ge17, Pt(CO)2(PPh3)2, [18]crown‐6 and [2.2.2]‐crypt. This compound represents the first example of a mononuclear carbonyl platinate and expands the list of known group 10 carbonyl metallates. The central anion has a trigonal planar shape with an approximate D3hsymmetry. Theoretical investigations confirm the trigonal planar structure of the carbonylate and give insight into the electronic structure. The calculations reveal a strong charge density at the central platinum atom, while the HOMO shows a dispersion of the residual electrons under and over the carbonyl plane.
Poincaré series for modular graph forms at depth two. Part II. Iterated integrals of cusp forms
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Kleinschmidt Axel , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We continue the analysis of modular invariant functions, subject to inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equations, that were determined in terms of Poincaré series in a companion paper. The source term of the Laplace equation is a product of (derivatives of) two non-holomorphic Eisenstein series whence the modular invariants are assigned depth two. These modular invariant functions can sometimes be expressed in terms of single-valued iterated integrals of holomorphic Eisenstein series as they appear in generating series of modular graph forms. We show that the set of iterated integrals of Eisenstein series has to be extended to include also iterated integrals of holomorphic cusp forms to find expressions for all modular invariant functions of depth two. The coefficients of these cusp forms are identified as ratios of their L-values inside and outside the critical strip.
Verminderte Mineralisation des Knochens: Rachitis und Osteomalazie
Authors: Tischlinger Katharina , Högler Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Mineralisation der Wachstumsfuge und des Knochens benötigt suffiziente Mengen an Kalzium und Phosphat, um ein adäquates Körperwachstum und eine adäquate Knochenstärke zu gewährleisten. Bei Mangelzuständen nehmen Härte und Stärke des Knochens ab (Osteomalazie), mit typischen Veränderungen an der Wachstumsfuge (Rachitis). Die vermeidbaren Komplikationen einer erworbenen Rachitis können lebensbedrohlich sein und sind auch deshalb ein global wichtiges Public-Health-Thema. Typische klinische Zeichen, Laborparameter und radiologische Veränderungen sollten zur unverzüglichen Diagnose führen. Erbliche und erworbene Formen der Rachitis wie X‑chromosomale Hypophosphatämie oder Hypophosphatasie werden, wie oftmals bei seltenen Erkrankungen, spät diagnostiziert. Diagnose, Therapie und Management von Rachitiden sollten durch tertiäre kinderosteologische Spezialisten erfolgen, die in internationalen „Rare-diseases“-Netzwerken arbeiten und in enger Kooperation mit Selbsthilfegruppen stehen.