bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) scores are associated with poor functional outcomes, dementia, and mortality in older people
Authors: Pazan Farhad , Breunig Hanna , Weiss Christel , Röhr Susanne , Luppa Melanie , Pentzek Michael , Bickel Horst , Weeg Dagmar , Weyerer Siegfried , Wiese Birgitt , König Hans-Helmut , Brettschneider Christian , Heser Kathrin , Maier Wolfgang , Scherer Martin , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Wagner Michael , Wehling Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Higher Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) scores have been shown to be negatively associated with adverse clinical outcomes in older hospitalized patients. This has not been evaluated in other health care settings. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the FORTA score with relevant outcomes in the prospective AgeCoDe–AgeQualiDe cohort of community-dwelling older people. In particular, the longitudinal relation between the FORTA score and mortality and the incidence of dementia was evaluated.

Methods
Univariate and multivariate correlations between the FORTA score and activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) as well as comparisons between high vs. low FORTA scores were conducted.

Results
The FORTA score was significantly correlated with ADL/IADL at baseline and at all follow-up visits (p < 0.0001). ADL/IADL results of participants with a low FORTA score were significantly better than in those with high FORTA scores (p < 0.0001). The FORTA score was also significantly (p < 0.0001) correlated with ADL/IADL in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, the mean FORTA scores of participants with dementia were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in those without dementia at follow-up visits 6 through 9. The mean FORTA scores of participants who died were significantly higher than those of survivors at follow-up visits 7 (p < 0.05), 8 (p < 0.001), and 9 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In this study, an association between higher FORTA scores and ADL as well as IADL was demonstrated in community-dwelling older adults. Besides, higher FORTA scores appear to be linked to a higher incidence of dementia and even mortality.
A sulfur and halogen budget for the large magmatic system beneath Taupō volcano
Authors: Sharpe Max S. , Barker Simon J. , Rooyakkers Shane M. , Wilson Colin J. N. , Chambefort Isabelle , Rowe Michael C. , Schipper C. Ian , Charlier Bruce L. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe transport and degassing pathways of volatiles through large silicic magmatic systems are central to understanding geothermal fluid compositions, ore deposit genesis, and volcanic eruption dynamics and impacts. Here, we document sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F) concentrations in a range of host materials in eruptive deposits from Taupō volcano (New Zealand). Materials analysed are groundmass glass, silicic melt inclusions, and microphenocrystic apatite that equilibrated in shallow melt-dominant magma bodies; silicic melt and apatite inclusions within crystal cores inferred to be sourced from deeper crystal mush; and olivine-hosted basaltic melt inclusions from mafic enclaves that represent the most primitive feedstock magmas. Sulfur and halogen concentrations each follow distinct concentration pathways during magma differentiation in response to changing pressures, temperatures, oxygen fugacities, crystallising mineral phases, the effects of volatile saturation, and the presence of an aqueous fluid phase. Sulfur contents in the basaltic melt inclusions (~ 2000 ppm) are typical for arc-type magmas, but drop to near detection limits by dacitic compositions, reflecting pyrrhotite crystallisation at ~ 60 wt. % SiO2 during the onset of magnetite crystallisation. In contrast, Cl increases from ~ 500 ppm in basalts to ~ 2500 ppm in dacitic compositions, due to incompatibility in the crystallising phases. Fluorine contents are similar between mafic and silicic compositions (< 1200 ppm) and are primarily controlled by the onset of apatite and/or amphibole crystallisation and then destabilisation. Sulfur and Cl partition strongly into an aqueous fluid and/or vapour phase in the shallow silicic system. Sulfur contents in the rhyolite melts are low, yet the Oruanui supereruption is associated with a major sulfate peak in ice core records in Antarctica and Greenland, implying that excess S was derived from a pre-eruptive gas phase, mafic magma recharge, and/or disintegration of a hydrothermal system. We estimate that the 25.5 ka Oruanui eruption ejected > 130 Tg of S (390 Tg sulfate) and up to ~ 1800 Tg of Cl, with potentially global impacts on climate and stratospheric ozone.
An augmented Lagrangian method for optimization problems with structured geometric constraints
Authors: Jia Xiaoxi , Kanzow Christian , Mehlitz Patrick , Wachsmuth Gerd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the theoretical and numerical investigation of an augmented Lagrangian method for the solution of optimization problems with geometric constraints. Specifically, we study situations where parts of the constraints are nonconvex and possibly complicated, but allow for a fast computation of projections onto this nonconvex set. Typical problem classes which satisfy this requirement are optimization problems with disjunctive constraints (like complementarity or cardinality constraints) as well as optimization problems over sets of matrices which have to satisfy additional rank constraints. The key idea behind our method is to keep these complicated constraints explicitly in the constraints and to penalize only the remaining constraints by an augmented Lagrangian function. The resulting subproblems are then solved with the aid of a problem-tailored nonmonotone projected gradient method. The corresponding convergence theory allows for an inexact solution of these subproblems. Nevertheless, the overall algorithm computes so-called Mordukhovich-stationary points of the original problem under a mild asymptotic regularity condition, which is generally weaker than most of the respective available problem-tailored constraint qualifications. Extensive numerical experiments addressing complementarity- and cardinality-constrained optimization problems as well as a semidefinite reformulation of MAXCUT problems visualize the power of our approach.
Robotic 3D printed lunar bionic architecture based on lunar regolith selective laser sintering technology
Authors: Yuan Philip F. , Zhou Xinjie , Wu Hao , Zhang Liming , Guo Lijie , Shi Yun , Lin Zhe , Bai Jinyu , Yu Youhai , Yang Shanglu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lunar base is not only an experimental station for extraterrestrial space exploration but also a dwelling for humans performing this exploration. Building a lunar base presents numerous obstacles and requires environmental perception, feedback design, and construction methods. An integrated fabrication process that incorporates design, 3D printing workflow, and construction details to build a bionic, reconfigurable and high-performance lunar base prototype is presented in this paper. The research comprises the study of the lunar regolith 3D printing mechanism, the real-time control of powder laying and compaction procedure, and the development of a 3D printing tool end system. In this paper, many scientific questions regarding in situ fabrication on the lunar surface are raised and addressed with the proposal of a progressive optimization design method, the molding principle, and gradation strategy of lunar soil-polyaryletherketone (PAEK) hybrid powder, and the principle of dual-light field 3D laser printing. The feasibility of the technical strategy proposed in this paper is verified by the presented empirical samples.
Effect of preoperative, high-dose glucocorticoid on early cognitive function after abdominal wall reconstruction – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brφndum Tina L. , Leerhφy Bonna , Jensen Kristian K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Preoperative high-dose glucocorticoid (GC) improves postoperative recovery and reduces length of stay but increases the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Whether preoperative high-dose GC increases the risk of POCD in abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) is unknown.

Material and methods
This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial examining the effect of 125 mg methylprednisolone (MP) iv versus placebo (saline) iv given as a single dose at anesthesia induction. Cognitive function was tested pre- and postoperatively by The Trail Making Test (TMT) A and TMT-B. Outcome of TMT is time (seconds) to complete the test; the longer the time, the worse the impairment. Primary endpoint was individual change preoperative to postoperative day (POD) 1 on TMT-B. Secondary endpoints were individual change preoperative to: POD1 on TMT-A, POD2 on TMT-A and TMT-B, and POD30 on TMT-A and TMT-B, respectively.

Results
A total of 33 patients (MP: n = 17; placebo: n = 16) were analyzed for primary endpoint. There was no significant difference between the groups in primary endpoint (MP group median 1s (IQR -7 − 23) vs. placebo group median 12s (IQR -5 − 34), p = 0.521). The MP group was significantly faster than the placebo group preoperative to POD30 on TMT-A (MP group median −10s (IQR -16 − 4) vs. placebo group median -4s (IQR -8 – 1), p = 0.046). There were no significant differences in remaining secondary endpoints.

Conclusion
Preoperative high-dose GC is not associated with increased risk of early POCD in elective AWR for a large incisional hernia.

Highlights
Frey Syndrome Treatment with Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Dulguerov Pavel , Quinodoz Didier , Cosendai Grégoire , Piletta Pierre , Lehmann Willy 
Published: September 2022

The goal of this work is to present our results of the intradermic infiltration with botulinum toxin in patients with Frey syndrome. Sixteen hemifaces in 15 patients were studied. Gustatory stimulation was evoked by sucking on a slice of lemon while measurements were done on both hemifaces, with the normal side being used as a control. Skin temperature and color (erythema) were measured with a digital surface thermometer and a skin chromameter, respectively. Sweat quantity and surface were measured by using the previously described blotting paper and iodine‐sublimated paper histogram methods, respectively. Testing was repeated 2 weeks after skin infiltration with botulinum toxin (dilution of 50 U/mL). The interinjection distances were 1 cm, and 0.1 mL (5 U) was infiltrated at each injection site. Frey syndrome complaints disappeared in all patients. Small residual amounts of sweat were measurable. The difference in sweat quantity before and after botulinum toxin infiltration was significant in every patient (P < 0.001). Skin temperature and color measurement gave inconclusive results. In conclusion, Frey syndrome treatment with botulinum toxin is an efficient and well‐tolerated technique. Further work should address the optimal injection parameters.
Prognostic Value of p53, Proliferating cell Nuclear Antigen, and Ki‐67 Expression in Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas
Authors: Genç Erkhan , Hoşal A. Şefik , Gedikoĝlu Gökhan , özyar Enis , Sözeri Bülent 
Published: September 2022

In this study the prognostic importance of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki‐67 expression was analyzed along with the clinical parameters in 35 consecutive patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect p53, PCNA, and Ki‐67 staining. Among the clinical findings, stage IV disease (P = 0.01), cranial nerve paralysis (P = 0.02), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.06) were associated with shorter survival. The p53 positivity correlated with the presence of lymph nodes, but it was not a significant factor to predict the outcome. PCNA expression was not found to be a prognostic indicator. On the other hand, the proliferative value of Ki‐67 staining was suggestive of prognosis. A proliferation index of Ki‐67 less than 10% indicated longer survival (P = 0.03). There was no correlation between Ki‐67 staining and PCNA index. As a result, the prognostic value of Ki‐67 may alert the physician to more aggressive and adjuvant treatment modalities.
Evaluation of Time of Nasal Packing After Nasal Surgery: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Lubianca‐Neto José Faibes , Sant'anna Geraldo Druck , Mauri Marcelo , Arrarte Jaime Luís Freitas , Brinckmann Carlos Alberto 
Published: September 2022

A randomized, prospective trial was carried out to compare the rate of hemorrhagic complications after removal of nasal packing left for 24 and 48 hours. A total of 104 patients underwent nasal surgery and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group 1, 24 hours of nasal packing; group 2, 48 hours of nasal packing. No statistical difference was observed between the groups in terms of occurrence of hemorrhagic complications. Hypertension was the only prognostic factor for postoperative bleeding. The routine use of 48‐hour postoperative nasal packing after nasal surgery is not justified because of the low incidence of bleeding and the potential associated morbidity. At the end of the procedure, surgeons should evaluate the risk of postoperative bleeding (ie, presence of hypertension) and decide whether 24‐hour nasal packing is enough.
Rate of Nitrous Oxide Exchange Across the Middle Ear Mucosa in Monkeys Before and After Blockage of the Mastoid Antrum
Authors: Doyle William J. , Alper Cuneyt M. , Banks Juliane M. , Swarts J. Douglas 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVESWe tested the hypothesis that mastoid volume buffers the rate of change in middle ear pressure caused by transmucosal, inert gas exchange.STUDYDESIGNTwelve monkeys were randomly assigned to group 1 or group 2. Right ears of group 1 had sham surgery and of group 2 had obstruction of the mastoid antrum. Before and after surgery, the time constant for transmucosal N2O exchange was estimated from N2O breathing experiments. The hypothesis predicts that the postoperative time constant measured for right ears of group 2 but not group 1 is greater than that measured before surgery.RESULTSMastoid antrum block significantly decreased right middle ear volume but did not affect the time constant for transmucosal N2O exchange.CONCLUSIONA mastoid gas‐reserve function is not supported by the experimental data.SIGNIFICANCEThese results for monkeys and the theory developed to explain the effect of mastoid volume on transmucosal inert gas exchange suggest that the results for previous experiments in humans interpreted as evidencing a mastoid gas‐reserve function are consistent with alternative explanations.
Caspase 3 Activation in Nasal Capillary in Patients with Epistaxis
Authors: Nakada Hiroto , Kase Yasuhiro , Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Komoda Tsugikazu , Iinuma Toshitaka 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe investigated whether an apoptosis of nasal microvessels contributes to probable mechanism of the onset of epistaxis.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGNasal septal mucosa of Little's areas taken from patients without (n = 19) and with (n = 26) epistaxis were examined. Active caspase‐3 in the mucosa was detected according to the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. On Western blot analysis of the homogenates of the mucosa, we also sought probable signaling factors after caspase‐3 activation.RESULTSMarked activation of caspase‐3 was detected in the capillaries and its neighboring muscle cells of Little's area from patients with epistaxis, and the activation was due to enhanced expression of procaspase‐3 protein and progressive cleavage of the precursor. As a result of Western blotting of signaling factors, enhanced expressions of caspase‐9 and Bax protein in the homogenates of Little's area in epistaxis group were found compared with those in control group. Increased levels of cytochrome c released into a cytosol were also detected in the capillaries in epistaxis group.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, caspase‐3 activation was found in the capillaries of Little's area from patients with epistaxis, suggesting that an apoptosis of capillaries may contribute to a mechanism of the onset of epistaxis. Moreover, alterations of some apoptotic factors such as caspase‐9, Bax, and cytochrome c in the tissues demonstrated participation of mitochondrial disturbance in one of the apoptotic mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCEFurther explorations of the pathobiologic mechanism of capillary apoptosis can lead not only to an identification of risk factors in the onset of epistaxis but also to the development of medical therapy of epistaxis.
Treatment and Outcome of Human Bites in the Head and Neck
Authors: Stierman Karen L. , Lloyd Kristen M. , De Luca‐Pytell Danielle M. , Phillips Linda G. , Calhoun Karen H. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to review head and neck human bite injuries for demographic, treatment, and outcome data to identify factors influencing infection.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective chart review of all human bite injuries (adult and pediatric) over 10 years.SETTINGTertiary referral medical center.RESULTSWe reviewed 40 human bites (average follow‐up, 139 days). Young males were the most common victims, altercation was the most common etiology, and auricular avulsion was the most common injury. Six wounds closed primarily became infected (40%) versus no wound infection with delayed closure. Primary wound closure (P <. 01), exposed cartilage (P <. 07), and less than 48 hours of intravenous antibiotics (P <. 06) were associated with postoperative infection (P <. 01).CONCLUSIONHuman bites to the head and neck, especially those with exposed cartilage, are best treated with at least 48 hours of intravenous antibiotics and delayed surgical closure (>24 hours postinjury) to prevent infection.SIGNIFICANCEThis information enables the clinician who sees these bite wounds infrequently to understand the treatment associated with avoiding infection.
Cost‐Effective Initial Screening for Vestibular Schwannoma: Auditory Brainstem Response or Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
Authors: Rupa Vedantam , Job Anand , George Mercy , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of including auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing in a screening protocol for the diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma (VS) in patients with asymmetric auditory symptoms at the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India, where, commonly, patients with VS have tumors greater than 2 cm at the time of diagnosis.METHODSNinety patients with asymmetric audiovestibular symptoms were investigated prospectively with both ABR and gadolinum‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (GdMRI).RESULTSOf these 90 patients, 6 were diagnosed with VS on GdMRI. On ABR testing, 4 patients with VS had retrocochlear pathology and 2 with profound sensorineural hearing loss had no responses. ABR was found to have a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 61.9%. A protocol involving screening of all patients with asymmetric audiovestibular symptoms using ABR and only subjecting those patients with no responses or retrocochlear pathology to GdMRI would effect a savings of $1200 for every patient detected to have a VS.CONCLUSIONSIn our hospital setting, including ABR as the preliminary screen for patients with asymmetric audiovestibular symptoms is a cost‐effective strategy.
Measurement of Tongue Movement During Vowels Production with Computer‐Assisted B‐Mode and M‐Mode Ultrasonography
Authors: Chiang Yuh‐Chyun , Lee Fei‐Peng , Peng Chien‐Lun , Lin Che‐Tong 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVESWe sought to apply B‐ + M‐mode ultrasonography in combination with the cushion‐scanning technique (CST) in quantitative analysis of tongue movement during vowel articulation.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGTwenty normal persons (10 women and 10 men) were enrolled in this study. Each individual was asked to enunciate 5 vowels:/e/, /i/, /al/, /o/, and /ju/. A noninvasive diagnostic technique, computer‐assisted B‐mode plus M‐mode ultrasonography, was used in combination with the CST to assess their tongue movement. The sonographic signals were recorded on a video recorder and then transferred to a personal computer via a frame grabber for digital assessment.RESULTSM‐mode images show an amplitude‐time diagram, whereas B‐mode images reveal midsagittal tongue configuration. The ranges of tongue movement in midsagittal plane in male speakers during production of the vowels /e/, /i/, /al/, /o/, and /ju/ were 8.29 ± 1.76,4.00 ± 0.78, 13.82 ± 2.86, 14.05 ± 1.63, and 6.72 ± 1.66 mm, respectively; for female speakers, the averages were 7.19 ± 0.92, 3.36 ± 1.31, 12.74 ± 2.16, 12.86 ± 2.18, and 7.11 ± 2.09 mm, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe computer‐assisted B‐mode plus M‐mode ultrasonography in combination with the CST provides a standardized and quantifiable ultrasonographic examination for the clinical investigation of tongue movement during vowel articulation. In our study group, there was no difference in the thickness of tongue or the range of tongue movement in midsagittal plane during articulation of the selected vowels between males and females. Further exploration can be extended in the field of speech research by this valuable tool.
Modalities of surveillance in treated nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Chao Siew‐Shuen , Loh Kwok‐Seng , Tan Luke K. S. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe sought to assess the efficacy of different modalities in the detection of disease during the early posttreatment period of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe prospectively evaluated 57 patients with NPC who were treated with radiation. A postnasal space (PNS) biopsy, an endoscopic examination, and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed 4 months after treatment.RESULTSFour patients had evidence of disease in the PNS biopsy specimen. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the endoscopic examination were 75%, 94.3%, 50%, and 98%, respectively, while those of the CT scan were 50%, 49.1%, 6.9%, and 92.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONIn the early postradiation period for patients with NPC, an endoscopic examination is a suitable surveillance modality, but routine CT scanning has no added clinical benefit.SIGNIFICANCEWhen an endoscopic examination of the PNS yields normal results, a biopsy is not necessary because the likelihood of disease is low.
Triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray and fluticasone propionate are equally effective for relief of nasal symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Berger William E. , Kaiser Harold , Gawchik Sandra M. , Tillinghast Jeffrey , Woodworth Thomas H. , Dupclay Leon , Georges George C. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe compared 220 µg daily intranasal aqueous triamcinolone acetonide (TAA AQ) with 200 µg daily fluticasone propionate (FP) for relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRandomized, parallel‐group, investigator‐blind study included patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis. After a baseline period, TAA AQ or FP was taken for about 21 days. Nasal symptom (discharge, stuffiness, itching, sneezing) severity was recorded twice daily; total nasal symptom score was calculated. Health‐related quality of life was assessed by Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire.RESULTSReductions in individual symptoms and total nasal symptom score were statistically significant versus baseline and were equivalent between treatments: −3.15 ± 0.19 with TAA AQ (n = 148) and ∼3.17 ± 0.18 with FP (n = 147) (95% confidence interval for the difference, −0.7391 to 0.3693). Clinically and statistically significant improvements in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores were comparable.CONCLUSIONTAA AQ and FP were equally efficacious in relieving seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms and improving health‐related quality of life.SIGNIFICANCEDifferences in molecular potency of intranasal steroids do not confer differences in efficacy.