bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High resolution projections for extreme temperatures and precipitation over Greece
Authors: Politi Nadia , Vlachogiannis Diamando , Sfetsos Athanasios , Nastos Panagiotis T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present study investigated future temperature and precipitation changes over Greece using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. WRF was driven by EC-EARTH output in the domain of Greece at very high resolution for the historical period (1980–2004), along with projected simulations, in the near future (2025–2049) and far future (2075-2099) under the Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) and 8.5 (RCP8.5). Climatic variables were produced at 5-km grid spacing and 6-h interval. The historical simulation was evaluated against the available station observations. The analysis showed that the model underestimated the maximum temperatures and slightly overestimated the minimum temperatures. Also, the model simulated a small dry bias in precipitation with an excellent representation of the spatial patterns. The model projections for temperature under the two emission scenarios compared to the historical simulation revealed a robust magnitude of future warming with the most pronounced changes predominantly over the eastern areas of the country under the RCP8.5 in the far future. Projected precipitation changes were more evident in the far future with an overall decrease of the annual precipitation all over the eastern part of the country (with islands included) with the most dramatic reductions (above 40%) of seasonal precipitation observed under RCP8.5. Increases in the number of hot days were found everywhere with more pronounced changes over the plain areas under RCP8.5 in the far future. Significant increases of dry days were projected over the eastern part of the mainland and more intensely under RCP8.5 in the far future.
Survival Comparison Between Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Non-inflammatory Non-metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuxi , Xu Zhipeng , Chen Hui , Sun Xinchen , Zhang Zhaoyue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare the survival benefit between neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy for non-inflammatory non-metastatic breast cancer patients.Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using surveillance, epidemiology and end results databases. Our study recruited patients who had been diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer and underwent surgery and radiotherapy. The overall survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier method. Cox risk model was used to determine the impact of radiotherapy according to stage, molecular subtype and other risk factors. Propensity score matching was used to balance measurable confounding factors. Results: Of all the 411483 enrolled patients varying from 1975 to 2016, 1712 patients received neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and 409567 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Compared with the adjuvant radiotherapy group, the neoadjuvant radiotherapy group showed significantly higher risks of overall mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality. Survival differences in treatment sequences were correlated with stage, molecular subtypes and other risk factors.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, neoadjuvant radiotherapy did not show a survival advantage, and adjuvant radiotherapy is still the primary treatment. However, neoadjuvant radiotherapy also has some theoretical advantages, such as phase reduction and recurrence reduction. Therefore, it is still worthy of further exploration.
Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis May be More Predisposed to the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Khajehahmadi Zohreh , Tavilani Heidar , Karimi Jamshid , Rafiee Mohammad , Sadeghabadi Zahra Arab , Mohseni Roohollah , Mohagheghi Sina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background.
The effect of cirrhosis etiology on the development of HCC is unclear. The study of the main indicators of cell proliferation and also apoptosis in cirrhotic patients with different etiologies may declare which one of the cirrhosis etiologies more predispose to the development of HCC. The present study aimed to investigate the gene expression of p53, hepatic levels of AMPK and pAMPK, and the AgNOR features in cirrhotic livers with different etiologies and livers with simple steatosis.
Methods.
AMPK and pAMPK protein levels, p53 gene expression, and also AgNOR features were studied in livers with NASH(n=8), HBV/HCV(n=8), AIH(n=8), PSC(n=8), and alcohol(n=6) cirrhosis, 10 livers with simple steatosis, and 10 control using the western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and silver nitrate staining analyses, respectively.
Results.
The protein levels of AMPK and pAMPK were significantly increased in all cirrhotic groups and were slightly but not significant decreased in livers with simple steatosis. The mRNA level of p53 and AgNOR features including total AgNOR number(TAN), total AgNOR length(TAL), and total AgNOR area(TAA) were significantly increased only in tissues with NASH, PSC, and AIH cirrhosis and a significant positive correlations were observed between the mRNA level of p53 and the AgNOR features in all cirrhotic tissues.
Conclusions.
The increased levels of AMPK and pAMPK could be a general response to the most common causes of liver diseases. Likely, patients with AIH, PSC, and NASH cirrhosis predispose to the development of HCC more than patients with viral and alcoholic cirrhosis.
A Digital Twin Ecosystem for Additive Manufacturing using a Real-Time Development Platform
Authors: Pantelidakis Minas , Mykoniatis Konstantinos , Liu Jia , Harris Gregory 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is often used in rapid prototyping and manufacturing, allowing the creation of lighter, more complex designs that are difficult or too expensive to build using traditional manufacturing methods. This work considers the implementation of a novel digital twin ecosystem that can be used for testing, process monitoring, and remote management of an additive manufacturing fused deposition modeling machine in a simulated virtual environment. The digital twin ecosystem is comprised of two approaches. One approach is data-driven by an open-source 3D printer web controller application that is used to capture its status and key parameters. The other approach is data-driven by externally mounted sensors to approximate the actual behavior of the 3D printer and achieve accurate synchronization between the physical and virtual 3D printers. We evaluate the sensor-data-driven approach against the web controller approach, which is considered to be ground truth. We achieve near-real-time synchronization between the physical machine and its digital counterpart and have validated the digital twin in terms of position, temperature, and run duration. Our digital twin ecosystem is cost-efficient, reliable, replicable, and hence can be utilized to provide legacy equipment with digital twin capabilities, collect historical data, and generate analytics.
EFL Learners’ Engagement in Different Activities of Blended Learning Environment
Authors: Huang Min , Kuang Fangtao , Ling Ying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the blended learning widespread in higher education, the research on the factors which can influence the students’ engagement and their working mechanism has become more and more valuable. In this study, college students’ perception on three aspects, i.e. their cognitive engagement and emotional engagement in two different activities, the activity features and teachers’ roles, has been collected through both questionnaires and interviews. Repeated variance measurement, Pearson correlation analysis and General linear regression have been used to process the quantitative data. Thematic analysis has been used to process the qualitative data. The results show that the cognitive engagement and emotional engagement in Teacher’s Q & A and Online discussion are significantly different (FCE=10.32**, ŋ2=0.07; FEE=29.60***, ŋ2=0.17). Students’ emotional engagement and cognitive engagement in activities are affected by various task features and teacher’s roles. Pedagogical implication and suggestions for further research have also been provided.
Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Between the Hippocampus, Thalamus, Amygdala and the Whole Brain in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: ZHANG Fang-wen , WANG Tenglong , WANG Dong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) refers to a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, numerous studies have reported that the functional connectivity between the hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala and other brain regions is abnormal in patients with MCI and AD. However, few studies have investigated hippocampal, thalamic, amygdalar and whole-brain functional connectivity abnormalities.
Methods
Here, we recruited 33 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) and chose the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus as regions of interest to explore the functional connectivity between the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and the whole brain in patients with aMCI.
Results
Using the hippocampus as region of interest, the whole brain functional connectivity analysis showed that the functional connectivity with the left precuneus, the right precuneus, and the parahippocampal gyrus was increased, and the functional connectivity with left anterior cingulate gyrus was reduced compared with the HC group. Using the thalamus as a region of interest, the whole-brain functional connectivity analysis showed that functional connectivity with the fusiform gyrus, left/right inferior occipital gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus was increased. Using the amygdala as a region of interest, whole-brain functional connectivity analysis showed reduced functional connectivity with the right frontal apex, the right central gyrus and left thalamus and the right supplementary motor area.
Conclusions
We found abnormal functional connectivity in patients with aMCI, indicating that it may provide a reliable imaging index for the early recognition and intervention of AD.
The Influence of Degradation of Alpine Swamp Wetland On Ecosystem Respiration And Its Components
Authors: Li Chengyi , Li Xilai , Yang Yuanwu , Li Honglin , Yang Pengnian , Duan Chengwei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Three degradation stages of alpine swamp wetland (none, light and severe degeneration levels) were addressed through measuring the respiratory components rate of ecosystem during the peak period of vegetation growth (July to August), so as to analyze the impacts of degradation on ecosystem respiration and its components in alpine swamp wetland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Two methods which are root separation and herbicide spraying, were used for determination and measurement of respiratory components. The results showed that degradation of alpine swamp wetland can significantly increase soil respiration rate and microbial respiration rate. Moreover, the proportion of vegetation respiration and microbial respiration in ecosystem respiration changed significantly (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between vegetation respiration and ecosystem respiration rate at all the degradation levels (P < 0.05). Canopy respiration and ecosystem respiration were highly correlated between none and severe degraded wetlands (P < 0.05), it was also found that there was significant positive correlation among soil respiration rate, root respiration rate and ecosystem respiration in light degraded wetland. There was a positive correlation between root respiration and soil respiration in none and light degraded wetland (P < 0.05). The Q10 change ranges of ecosystem respiration, vegetation respiration, canopy respiration, soil respiration, root respiration and soil microbial respiration during the degradation stage of alpine swamp wetland were 1.41–1.50, 1.81–1.94, 4.46–6.93, 1.41–2.40, 2.84–5.97 and 1.99–3.74, respectively. The degradation of alpine wetland affects firstly the ecosystem respiration and its components, and then will affect the carbon cycle process. Therefore, it is very important to protect and restore the alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Role of Selected Active Compounds in Plumula Nelumbinis on Pulmonary Hypertension via Network Pharmacology and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Xiao Xinghua , Luo Fangmei , Fu Minyi , Jiang Yueping , Liu Shao , Liu Bin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the most critical factors leading to vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). This study aimed to explore the effect and potential mechanism of Plumula Nelumbinis on PH by using network pharmacology and experimental analysis. The potential active components of Plumula Nelumbinis and their targets were obtained from TCMSP and PharmMapper databases. The PH-related targets were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and TTD databases. Co-targets between Plumula Nelumbinis and PH were obtained by drawing Venn diagrams. The protein-protein interaction networks and compound-target-pathway networks were established using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Moreover, the binding activities of core targets and essential active compounds were further validated by molecular docking. Finally, we further confirmed in vitro experiments that the main active components of Plumula Nelumbinis could inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia, as well as the increased expression of p-SRC and PIM1. Based on these observations, we conclude that multi-components (neferine, liensinine, and isoliensinine) in Plumula Nelumbinis can inhibit the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs by regulating the expression of p-SRC and PIM1, thereby delaying the development of PH.
Molecular mechanisms of aberrant neutrophil differentiation in glycogen storage disease type Ib
Authors: Sim Sang Wan , Jang Yuyeon , Park Tae Sub , Park Byung-Chul , Lee Young Mok , Jun Hyun Sik 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib), characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis, neutropenia, and neutrophil dysfunction, is caused by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT). Neutropenia in GSD-Ib has been known to result from enhanced apoptosis of neutrophils. However, it has also been raised that neutrophil maturation arrest in the bone marrow would contribute to neutropenia. We now show that G6pt-/- mice exhibit severe neutropenia and impaired neutrophil differentiation in the bone marrow. To investigate the role of G6PT in myeloid progenitor cells, the G6PT gene was mutated using CRISPR/Cas9 system, and single cell-derived G6PT-/- human promyelocyte HL-60 cell lines were established. The G6PT-/- HL-60s exhibited impaired neutrophil differentiation, which is associated with two mechanisms: i) abnormal lipid metabolism causing a delayed metabolic reprogramming and ii) reduced nuclear transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in G6PT-/- HL-60s. In this study, we demonstrated that G6PT is essential for neutrophil differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells and regulates PPARγ activity.
Handily etching nickel foams into catalyst-substrate fusion self-stabilized electrodes toward industrial-level water electrolysis
Authors: Zhu Zexuan , Yang Xiaotian , Liu Jiao , Zhu Mingze , Xu Xiaoyong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The key challenge of industrial water electrolysis is to design catalytic electrodes that can stabilize high current density with low power consumption (i.e., overpotential), while industrial harsh conditions make the balance between electrode activity and stability more difficult. Here we develop an efficient and durable electrode for water oxidation reaction (WOR), which yields a high current density of 10000 A m-2 at an overpotential of only 284 mV and shows robust stability even in 6 M KOH strong alkaline electrolyte with elevated temperature up to 80 °C. This electrode is fabricated from cheap nickel foam (NF) substrate through a simple one-step solution etching method, resulting in the growth of ultrafine phosphorus doped nickel-iron (oxy)hydroxide (P-NiFeOOH) nanoparticles embedded into abundant micropores on surface, featured as a self-stabilized catalyst-substrate fusion electrode. Such self-stabilizing effect fastens highly active P-NiFeOOH species on conductive NF substrate with significant contribution to catalyst fixation and charge transfer, realizing a win-win tactics for WOR activity and durability at high current densities in harsh environments. This work affords a cost-effective WOR electrode that can well work at large current densities, suggestive for rational design of catalyst electrodes toward industrial-scale water electrolysis.
Hibiscus Sabdariffa Topical Extract Ointment Inhibits Inflammatory Signals and Exhibits Antibacterial Activity on the Rat Burn Injury: Emerging Approach for New Application in the Superficial Burn Care
Authors: khalil Rania , Abdo Walied S , El-Tanbouly Ghada S. , Johar Dina , Abdel-Halim Mahmoud Saad , Saber Sameh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wound healing comprises organized events involving tissue repair and regeneration. The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sheds recent light on the mechanisms involved in initiating inflammatory responses throughout the healing cascades. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) components may exhibit a wound healing action owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study designed to investigate the effect of HS loaded in an ointment base on the rat burn model compared to that of the standard Iruxol® ointment. A burn injury model was used to evaluate the wound healing potency of the preparation. Rats were treated with ointments three times through 24 hrs. Findings revealed that strong antioxidant property of the HS-loaded ointment augmented the skin healing potential by stimulating biomarkers required for skin regeneration. HS repressed the burning-induced inflammation by the effective reduction in the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 through TLR4 protein inhibition. Topical HS inhibited hypertrophic scarring by downregulating transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels. HS extract possesses a potential bactericidal activity against highly resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Altogether, study proclaims that HS-loaded topical preparations could be a valuable product that serve as adjuvants to accelerate burn wound healing through inactivating the TLR4 pathway.
Anxiety and Depression: Different Sides of the Same Coin? An Examination of Trends in the Medicalization of Both Disorders in Belgium
Authors: Looy Kilian Van , de Velde Sarah Van 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: While medicalization trends of feelings of anxiety and depression have been described in great detail, an empirical examination of these trends is to date lacking. The current study fills this gap in the literature by mapping shifts in type of medicine use for feelings of anxiety and depression, as well as by examining whether a social gradient mediated these suggested shifts. Methods: We analyzed data from three repeated cross-sectional waves (2004, 2008, and 2013) of the Belgian National Health Interview Survey (HIS). Multinomial logistic regression were applied to estimate shifts in psychotropic drugs use over the observed period. Results: Using an ideal-typical distinction between traditional anxiety drugs (psycholeptics) and depression drugs (psychoanaleptics), we found that treatment methods for feelings of anxiety and depression were converging. Persons having anxiety feelings consumed less psycholeptic drugs, in favor of psychoanaleptic drugs throughout the observed period. Moreover, these shifts were partially mediated by educational level. Persons with higher education consumed less psychotropic drugs than those with lower education, suggesting trends of demedicalization for feelings of anxiety and depression.Conclusion: Our study shows that psycholeptics increasingly give way to psychoanaleptics in the treatment of both anxiety and depression, despite several scientists calling their effectiveness for both disorders into question.
Sensitivity of a sensitivity: control of ocean interior mixing on the sensitivity of meridional circulation to surface wind and buoyancy forcings
Authors: Reynard Nick , Mashayek Ali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is forced by winds and buoyancy fluxes at the sea surface and diapycnal mixing in the ocean interior. These forcings are known to have changed and are expected to undergo further changes under climate change. Southern Ocean winds and polar buoyancy forcing in both hemispheres (where deep waters form), in particular, have undergone significant changes. Our understanding of the spatial variations in diapycnal mixing has significantly progressed over the past decade. While the sensitivity of the MOC to surface forcings has been explored, it has not been done having the significant vertical variations in diapycnal mixing in the deep ocean in mind. Here we use phenomenological scaling analysis and idealised simulations of the Atlantic MOC to show that the nature of the vertical distribution of diapycnal mixing plays a leading role in setting the sensitivity of the MOC to variations in Southern Ocean winds and polar buoyancy forcings. Specifically, the sharp decay of bottom generated mixing with height above the bottom increases the sensitivity of the MOC to changes in the surface forcings, while also increasing the sensitivity of the volumetric size of each of the deep overturning cells. Our work demonstrates the necessity to incorporate the subtleties of abyssal mixing, which has seen considerate advancements in recent years when MOC climate perturbation studies are carried out.
Change in Axial Length After Vitrectomy with Silicone Oil Tamponade for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Shi Jiemei , Wu Kaicheng , Wen Huiming , Wei Jiaojiao , Zong Yuan , Yu Jian , Zhu Haohao , Jiang Chunhui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

We aimed to explore the changes in the axial length and related factors after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
Methods

This study retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) tamponade for RRD and subsequent silicone oil removal at our clinic. Using a Zeiss IOLMaster 700, axial length was measured before vitrectomy for RRD and SO removal. The change in axial length (ΔAL) was calculated, and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the potential correlation between ΔAL and clinical factors, such as preoperative hypotony, extreme myopia, age, macular involvement, choroidal detachment, operation duration, and operation history.
Results

In total, 213 eyes from 213 patients were included. The mean axial length changed significantly pre- and post-vitrectomy (25.98 ± 2.87 mm and 26.25 ± 3.07 mm, respectively, P < 0.001); the mean ΔAL was 0.37 ± 0.62 mm. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative hypotony and extreme myopia were significantly correlated with the ΔAL (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). A higher proportion of hypotonic eyes had ΔAL ≥ 0.3 mm (33/76 in hypotony eyes and 32/137 in others; P = 0.003). A higher proportion of extremely myopic eyes also had a ΔAL ≥ 0.3 mm (23/46 in extremely myopic eyes and 42/167 in others; P=0.002).
Conclusion

Axial length changed after vitrectomy for RRD, especially in cases with hypotony or extreme myopia; secondary lens implantation should be considered in these cases.