bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus sorption and desorption as affected by long‐term cover cropping at two soil surface depths
Authors: Dada Adebukola O. , Armstrong Shalamar D. , Smith Douglas R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land is a persistent environmental challenge, and a better understanding of the impact of continuous cover crops (CCs) growth on soil P sorption and desorption characteristics is needed to inform mitigation strategies. This study investigated the impact of CC species on soil P pools, sorption characteristics, and dissolved reactive P (DRP) after 9 yr. Soil samples were collected at 0‐to‐2‐ and 2‐to‐4‐cm soil depths from a silty clay loam Mollisol. Treatments included cereal rye (Secale cereal L.; CR), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, AR), oats/radish (Avena sativa L./Raphanus sativus L.; OR), and no CC (CN). A sorption experiment was done with varying P concentrations for 24 h equilibration, and sorption parameters were estimated using the Langmuir model. The DRP was estimated using sequential soil extraction by 0.01 M CaCl2 for 5 h. Long‐term CC significantly decreased P sorption maximum but increased binding energy relative to CN. Annual ryegrass significantly decreased soil water extractable P, Mehlich 3 P, and degree of P saturation relative to OR and CN at the 0‐to‐2‐cm depth. Annual ryegrass and CR significantly decreased desorbed DRP by an average of 42 and 45% relative to CN and OR, respectively, at the 0‐to‐2‐cm depth. These results demonstrated that long‐term grass species decreased the concentrations of labile P pools and desorbed DRP at the soil runoff interaction zone. Therefore, planting of AR and CR should be promoted in fields susceptible to runoff DRP losses.
Effects of conservation buffer systems on adsorption of fluorescent‐labeled Escherichia coli
Authors: Al‐Awwal Nasruddeen , Anderson Stephen H. , El‐Dweik Majed , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Yang John , Zaid Faraj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe magnitude of bacterial transport through runoff into surface water or infiltration into groundwater is influenced by the adsorption processes in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate fluorescent‐labeled Escherichia coli (E. coli) adsorption by soil under agroforestry buffer (AB), grass buffer (GB), and row crop (RC) management. Adsorption experiments were conducted by inoculating three masses (0.5, 1, and 10 g) of each treatment (AB, GB, and RC) with E. coli O157:H7‐GFP with concentration ranges of 105–108 colony‐forming units (cfu) ml−1. Adsorption data were evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The Freundlich isotherm model described the observed data well for all treatments using the 10‐g soil mass, with the R2 values closer to unity in all treatments. The Freundlich Kf parameter, an indicator of adsorption capacity, was higher for the AB treatment (9.93 cfu ml−1) compared with the GB and RC treatments (2.32 and 1.27 cfu ml−1, respectively). The multiple pairwise comparisons test (Tukey test) of the Freundlich 1/nf parameter demonstrated a significant difference (p < .05) between the AB treatment and the RC and GB treatments. Similarly, the Kf values were significantly (p = .05) higher for the 10‐g mass under the same test conditions, but no significant differences were observed in the 0.5‐ and 1‐g masses. This study demonstrated that AB has a higher E. coli adsorption capacity and the potential for mitigating the effects of E. coli O157:H7 transport to surface or groundwater through the soil ecosystem.
Depression is associated with increased disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis: A propensity score‐matched analysis using a nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Oyama Hideaki , Moroi Rintaro , Tarasawa Kunio , Shimoyama Yusuke , Naito Takeo , Sakuma Atsushi , Shiga Hisashi , Kakuta Yoichi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders are elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether psychiatric disorders could affect the clinical course of IBD is uncertain and controversial. We aimed to evaluate the impact of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, on the clinical course of IBD using a nationwide database in Japan.MethodsWe collected data on admissions with IBD using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database system introduced in Japan. We divided eligible admissions into IBD with and without depression groups using propensity score matching and compared the rates of surgery, use of molecular targeted drugs and biologics, systemic steroid administrations, and in‐hospital death. We also conducted a logistic regression analysis to identify clinical factors affecting surgery, the use of molecular targeted drugs and biologics, and systemic steroid administrations.ResultsThe rates of surgery, use of two or more molecular targeted drugs, systemic steroid administrations, and in‐hospital deaths in the ulcerative colitis (UC) with depression group were higher than in the UC without depression group. Multivariate analysis of UC showed that depression increased the odds of systemic steroid administrations, use of two or more molecular targeted drugs, and surgery. However, analysis of Crohn's disease showed that only steroid administrations were associated with depression.ConclusionOur study demonstrated an association between a worse clinical course of UC and depression. Although this result indicates that depression might be associated with increased disease activity in patients with UC, the causal relationship is still unclear. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Effect of resection margin status on recurrence pattern and survival in distal pancreatectomy for left‐sided pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kwon Jaewoo , Lee Sung Ryol , Park Seo Young , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Hwang Dae Wook , Shin Jun Ho , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association of resection margin status with recurrence and survival after pancreatectomy for pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of R1 resection on recurrence pattern and survival after distal pancreatectomy for left‐sided PDAC.MethodsPatients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for PDAC at two high‐volume institutions between January 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative characteristics, pathological outcomes, recurrence pattern, and survival data were collected to compare R0 resection and R1 resection.ResultsAmong 558 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for PDAC, 158 patients (28.3%) showed R1 resection margin. R1 patients were associated with large tumor size (3.3 cm vs. 3.7 cm, p = .006) and lower number of positive lymph nodes (1.3 vs. 2.0, p = .001). Median overall survival (37.3 months vs. 20.1 months, p < .001) and recurrence‐free survival (14.6 months vs. 6.9 months, p < .001) significantly differed between the R0 and R1 groups. Disease recurrence patterns were not statistically different between the two groups (p = .182). Among the recurrence patterns, peritoneal carcinomatosis had the shortest recurrence‐free survival (5.6 months, p < .05) and overall survival (13.6 months, p < .05) compared with all other recurrence patterns.ConclusionsR1 resection margin after distal pancreatectomy was associated with poor survival and early recurrence. There is no significant difference in recurrence pattern between R0 and R1. Among the recurrence patterns, peritoneal carcinomatosis showed the worst prognosis.
Five‐stage CMOS OTAfrequency compensated via nested differential feedback
Authors: Zanjani Masoud Soltani , Sadrnia Hassan , Biabanifard Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNowadays cascode structures or vertical arrangements of MOSFETs can not satisfy demands regarding high gain amplifiers. As a direct result, the only promising choice turns to Multi‐stage amplifiers via cascading gain stages. The challenge here is stability issues which shows itself by different frequency compensation. All problem starts with increasing number of nodes and consequent poles. The poles degenerate phase of system and need to be controlled. In this work, a five‐stage amplifier is targeted for a new and efficient frequency compensation technique. The major contribution of proposed approach is using only two Miller capacitors with considerable small values (10 pF) compared to load capacitor (500 pF). This achieved via exploiting two differential active stages which intensify Miller effect and provide capability to share Miller capacitor at multiple loops simultaneously. The proposed amplifier with corresponding frequency compensation is described symbolically while a circuit level implementation is performed via HSPICE circuit simulator and TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Based on simulation results, the proposed amplifier expresses a DC gain of 195 dB, a gain bandwidth product of 15.2 MHz, a phase margin of 90°, and a power dissipation of 570 μW.
Phenology‐specific space use by Rio Grande wild turkeys
Authors: Moscicki David J. , White Jacob H. , Hardin Jason B. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Collier Bret A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConservation of wildlife populations necessitates identifying patterns in space use because fitness requirements influence resource selection; however, details on how phenology affects space use are often only cursorily addressed during development of space‐ and resource‐use estimates. Moreover, space‐use assessments often aggregate distinct, phenology‐specific behaviors into generalized realizations of biological processes, such as reproduction. Therefore, to improve the relevance and accuracy of biological inferences for wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) space use at the population level, we defined 12 distinct phenology‐specific periods to compare and contrast variations in space‐use estimates. We calculated 1,568 individual space‐use estimates using dynamic Brownian Bridge movement models for Rio Grande wild turkeys (M. g. intermedia; n = 255 females) across Texas, USA, during 2012−2018. Females in each pre‐laying state used larger areas than during all other phenological states, suggestive of exploratory movements related to reproductive activities and resource acquisition. Incubation core areas were consistently <1.5 ha and incubation range sizes ranged from 10 ha to 48 ha. Core area and range sizes during the brooding period doubled from 15 days after hatch (3.1 ha and 42 ha) to 30 days after hatch (6.5 ha and 89 ha). Post‐breeding and wintering period ranges were >30% smaller than reproductive period ranges. Mean daily distance traveled was similar across phenological states except during incubation and brooding periods. Our results indicate that examining wild turkey space use at identifiable, phenology‐specific temporal scales will help mitigate against biases in estimates of resource selection based on arbitrary phenology definitions that aggregate data across multiple, distinct, phenological states.
Genetic evaluation of hyperphenylalaninemia patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Iranian population: Identification of four novel disease‐causing variants
Authors: Sadat Fatemi Seyedeh Helia , Eshraghi Peyman , Ghanei Mahmoud , Hamzehloei Tayebeh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism worldwide. At least 2% of HPA cases are caused by a deficiency in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism. Genes such asQDPRandPTSare essential in the BH4 metabolism. This study aims to identify disease‐causing variants in HPA patients, which may be helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.MethodsA total of 10 HPA patients were enrolled in this study. The coding and adjacent intronic regions ofPTSandQDPRgenes were examined using Sanger sequencing. Protein modeling was also performed for novel identified variants.ResultsTen patients and a total of 20 alleles were studied, which led to the identification of 10 different variants. All variants identified inPTSandQDPRwere missense, except for the c.383_407del variant in theQDPR. Also, three novel variants were identified in theQDPR, including c.79G>T, c.383_407del and c.488G>A, and a novel variant, c.65C>G, in thePTS.ConclusionsDespite the genetic similarities in the disease‐causing variants, differences were observed in the Asian and European populations with our populations; As a result, similar but more extensive studies are needed to investigate the distribution of disease‐causing variants in genes involved in non‐PKU hyperphenylalaninemia.
Chitosan based hybrid hydrogels for drug delivery: Preparation, biodegradation, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Kamaci Musa , Kaya Ismet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, biodegradable hybrid hydrogels were prepared by using chitosan as a natural polymer and polyurethane containing azomethine as a synthetic polymer for the drug delivery application for 5‐fluorouracil. The fabricated hydrogels were characterized via FT‐IR and SEM analysis. Besides, the thermal, mechanical, and wettability properties, water uptake, biodegradation, protein absorption, drug loading, and release behaviors of the hybrid hydrogels were studied. The obtained results indicated that the fabricated hybrid hydrogels have exhibited good mechanical, hydrophilic, water uptake, and biodegradation behaviors. The hybrid hydrogels also showed 50% drug release amounts and they could be a good candidate for the controlled delivery of 5‐FU due to these properties.
Provision of a personalized survivorship care plan and its impact on cancer‐related health literacy among childhood cancer survivors in Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Chung‐tin , Chou Ho Wing , Lam Teddy Tai‐ning , Tung Yan Tung , Lai Yat Wing , Lee Lai‐ka , Lee Vivian Wing‐yan , Yeung Nelson Chun‐yiu , Leung Alex Wing‐Kwan , Bhatia Smita , Li Chi Kong , Cheung Yin Ting 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the short‐term effectiveness of a personalized survivorship care plan (SCP) in improving cancer‐related literacy among childhood cancer survivors, and to identify characteristics of survivors who demonstrated minimal gain from the intervention.MethodsWe recruited survivors diagnosed with cancer at ≤18 years old and were >2 years post treatment. The intervention included a personalized SCP and 30‐minute health risk counseling. The participants’ knowledge of their cancer diagnosis and potential treatment‐related late effects (LEs) was assessed at baseline, immediately post intervention, and 1–3 months post intervention. Generalized estimating equation was used to test for changes in the awareness scores, with interacting terms (time*factor) added to identify differences in the score trajectory across clinically relevant subgroups.ResultsIn total, 248 survivors completed the intervention (mean age: 19.4 [SD = 6.7] years; 54.1% male; 66.1% hematological malignancies), of whom 162 completed all assessments. There was significant increase in survivors’ awareness of their cancer diagnoses (mean adjusted score: baseline 66.9, post intervention 86.3; p < .001) and potential LEs (baseline 30.9, post intervention 66.3; p < .001). The proportion of survivors who demonstrated awareness of their potential LEs increased from 9.7% to 54.3%. The interaction analysis showed that there was significantly less improvement in awareness among survivors of non‐central nervous system (non‐CNS) solid tumors (p = .032), lower socioeconomic status (p = .014), and parents of pediatric survivors (vs. adult survivors; p = .013).ConclusionsThe provision of a personalized SCP showed preliminary effectiveness in improving survivors’ understanding of their treatment‐related LEs. Health counseling with SCP should be reinforced in vulnerable subgroups. Future work includes evaluating its long‐term impact on lifestyle and health outcomes.
Impact of lifestyle and socioeconomic position on use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bonnesen Kasper , Ehrenstein Vera , Grønkjær Marie S. , Pedersen Lars , Lash Timothy L. , Schmidt Morten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeLifestyle and socioeconomic position may confound the link between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cardiovascular events, if associated with NSAID use. We examined this association.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of all adult first‐time responders to the Danish National Health Surveys of 2010, 2013, or 2017 without an NSAID prescription within 3 months before survey completion (n = 407 395). Study exposures were weight, smoking status, alcohol consumption, binge drinking frequency, physical activity level, marital status, highest achieved level of education, income, and employment status. We used a Cox model to compute hazard ratios of time to first redemption of an NSAID prescription and a cumulative odds model to compute odds ratios (ORs) of redeeming one additional NSAID prescription in the year after survey completion.ResultsTotal follow‐up time was 1 931 902 years. The odds of redeeming one additional NSAID prescription in the year after survey completion varied within all categories of lifestyle and socioeconomic position. The largest ORs were observed within categories of weight (1.70, 95% CI: 1.65–1.74 for obesity vs. normal weight), smoking status (1.24, 95% CI: 1.21–1.27 for current vs. never use), and education (1.44, 95% CI: 1.39–1.49 for primary or other vs. university or higher education). The Cox model showed consistent results.ConclusionsMarkers of unhealthy lifestyle and low socioeconomic position were associated with initiation and prolonged NSAID use. Consideration of lifestyle and socioeconomic markers as potential confounders in NSAID studies is therefore recommended.
Registration of a blast‐resistant premium medium‐grain rice germplasm Eclipse
Authors: Jia Yulin , Jia Melissa H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEclipse (Reg. no. GP‐149, PI 701081) is a blast‐resistant and ‘Calrose’ type medium‐grain‐quality rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm that was developed by the USDA‐ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR. It was selected from a backcross between a blast‐resistant tropical japonica rice cultivar ‘Katy’ and a temperate japonica medium‐grain rice cultivar ‘M‐202’. Eclipse was evaluated in uniform regional rice nurseries in the southern United States during 2019–2020 and further characterized in Arkansas fields during 2020–2021. Blast resistance was determined under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, Eclipse was resistant to races IA45, IB1, IB49, IB54, IC17, IE1, IG1, and IH1, similar to that of Katy. Under naturally infected field conditions in Louisiana and Puerto Rico, Eclipse was resistant to leaf and panicle blast infections, similar to that of Katy. Eclipse has Pi‐ta and Ptr genes and lacks Pi‐b, Pi‐k, and Pi‐z. Eclipse is a semidwarf glabrous type of medium‐grain rice and has a low amylose content, similar to M‐202, and quality of Calrose rice. In the southern United States, Eclipse has an average height of 98.5 cm and yields 6,710 kg grain ha−1. It reaches 50% heading at 84 d after emergence with a lodging incidence of 28.5 and 59% head rice yield. Eclipse is useful for breeding for improving disease resistance and grain quality and can be used directly by rice growers for premium medium‐grain rice production.
The impact of AlphaFold Protein Structure Database on the fields of life sciences
Authors: Varadi Mihaly , Velankar Sameer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArguably, 2020 was the year of high‐accuracy protein structure predictions, with AlphaFold 2.0 achieving previously unseen accuracy in the Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP). In 2021, DeepMind and EMBL‐EBI developed the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database to make an unprecedented number of reliable protein structure predictions easily accessible to the broad scientific community.We provide a brief overview and describe the latest developments in the AlphaFold database. We highlight how the fields of data services, bioinformatics, structural biology, and drug discovery are directly affected by the influx of protein structure data. We also show examples of cutting‐edge research that took advantage of the AlphaFold database. It is apparent that connections between various fields through protein structures are now possible, but the amount of data poses new challenges.Finally, we give an outlook regarding the future direction of the database, both in terms of data sets and new functionalities.
The role of oligomerization in the optimization of cyclohexadienyl dehydratase conformational dynamics and catalytic activity
Authors: East Nicholas J. , Clifton Ben E. , Jackson Colin J. , Kaczmarski Joe A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emergence of oligomers is common during the evolution and diversification of protein families, yet the selective advantage of oligomerization is often cryptic or unclear. Oligomerization can involve the formation of isologous head‐to‐head interfaces (e.g., in symmetrical dimers) or heterologous head‐to‐tail interfaces (e.g., in cyclic complexes), the latter of which is less well studied and understood. In this work, we retrace the emergence of the trimeric form of cyclohexadienyl dehydratase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaCDT) by introducing residues that form the PaCDT trimer‐interfaces into AncCDT‐5 (a monomeric reconstructed ancestor of PaCDT). We find that single interface mutations can switch the oligomeric state of the variants and that trimerization corresponds with a reduction in the KM value of the enzyme from a promiscuous level to the physiologically relevant range. In addition, we find that removal of a C‐terminal extension present in PaCDT leads to a variant with reduced catalytic activity, indicating that the C‐terminal region has a role in tuning enzymatic activity. We show that these observations can be rationalized at the structural and dynamic levels, with trimerization and C‐terminal extension leading to reduced sampling of non‐catalytic conformational substates in molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, this work provides insight into how neutral sampling of distinct oligomeric states along an evolutionary trajectory can facilitate the evolution and optimization of enzyme function.