bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early surrogates of outcome after thrombectomy in posterior circulation stroke
Authors: Kniep Helge , Bechstein Matthias , Broocks Gabriel , Brekenfeld Caspar , Flottmann Fabian , van Horn Noel , Geest Vincent , Faizy Tobias D. , Deb‐Chatterji Milani , Alegiani Anna , Thomalla Götz , Gellißen Susanne , Fiehler Jens , Hanning Uta , Meyer Lukas ,   for the German Stroke Registry‐Endovascular Treatment (GSR‐ET)
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly surrogates for functional outcome in anterior circulation stroke have been described with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 24 h being reported as the most accurate metric. We compare discriminatory power of established definitions of early neurological improvement (ENI) and NIHSS scores at admission and 24 h to predict functional outcome at 90 days after thrombectomy in posterior circulation stroke (PCS).MethodsAll patients enrolled in the German Stroke Registry (June 2015–December 2019) with PCS and at least vertebral or basilar artery occlusions were included. NIHSS admission, 24 h and ENI definitions (improvement of 8/10 NIHSS points or 0/1 NIHSS points at 24 h) were compared for predicting functional outcome at 90 days. Favourable and good outcome were defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 and 0–3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors impairing predictive power.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐seven patients were included. NIHSS 24 h had the highest discriminative power with receiver operator characteristics area under the curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.83; 0.90) for good and 0.89 (0.85; 0.92) for favourable outcome; optimal cut‐off values were ≤9 and ≤5. Higher age (odds ratio = 1.10 [1.05; 1.16]), adverse events during treatment (9.46 [1.52; 72.5]) and until discharge (18.34 [2.33; 172]) and high NIHSS scores at 24 h (1.29 [1.10; 1.53]) were independent predictors for turning the outcome prognosis from good (mRS ≤3) to poor (mRS ≥4).ConclusionsNIHSS 24 h ≤9 points serves best as surrogate for good functional outcome after thrombectomy in PCS. Advanced age, severe neurological symptoms at admission and adverse events decrease its predictive value.
Corporate social responsibility and credit rating around the world: The role of societal trust
Authors: Chang Kiyoung , Li Ying , Shim Hyeongsop 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe hypothesize that societal trust alleviates moral hazard concerns that undermine credit rating agencies’ perceived value of corporate social responsibility (CSR). We test our hypothesis using a large global sample and find a more salient relationship between CSR and credit rating only in countries with high societal trust. Our findings reconcile the mixed empirical worldwide evidence on this relationship. Additional tests provide further evidence that it is societal trust, not other country‐level factors, that drives our results.
Risk‐taking begets risk‐taking: Evidence from casino openings and investor portfolios
Authors: Liao Chi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe provide evidence that casino openings can have spillover effects on an individual's portfolio risk‐taking. Using investor‐level brokerage data and the initial legalization and opening of commercial casinos in the United States as a quasi‐natural experiment, we find that, after a casino opens in close geographical proximity to investors, those with a high propensity to gamble (PTG) increase their idiosyncratic portfolio risk by 12.88% relative to those unlikely to gamble. This effect lasts for approximately 3 months and does not affect systematic portfolio risk. These results suggest that increased access to gambling can temporarily increase portfolio risk‐taking for those with a PTG.
Commons, counterpublics and dissident urban space
Authors: DeVerteuil Geoffrey , Kiener Johannes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe put into conversation two conceptual approaches for understanding the dissident nature of urban space: the commons and the counterpublics. This novel conceptual conversation asks the following questions ‐ what is the interplay between them? Do they complement, build on, contradict, or ignore each other? What is urban about their particular interplays? These hypothetical matters are framed by a consideration of the fate of populations deemed surplus in urban space. Our conceptual conversation enables a new and productive way of understanding dissident urban spaces.
One ocean one temple: Alternative Chinese temple networks in Southeast Asia
Authors: Dean Kenneth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe continuing expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative (formerly known as One Belt One Road) has attracted considerable commentary, but little attention has been given to the formation of alternative networks in Southeast Asia or to the earlier history of trade and trust networks centred in the temples and regional association offices of the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia. This paper examines the formation and continuing expansion of a horizontal network of Chinese temples dedicated to the tutelary god (Earth God) of the port cities of Southeast Asia. The World Dabogong Federation was founded in 2017 and is now 5 years old. It currently includes over 160 temples from over 100 port cities. This paper explores the nature of this network and its relation to earlier temple and trust networks as well as its engagement with new media and technologies.
Convergence of Groundwater Discharge through the Hyporheic Zone of Streams
Authors: Mojarrad Brian Babak , Wörman Anders , Riml Joakim , Xu Shulan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSignificant attention has been given to hyporheic water fluxes induced by hydromorphologic processes in streambeds and the effects they have on stream ecology. However, the impact of hyporheic fluxes on regional groundwater flow discharge zones as well as the interaction of these flows are much less investigated. The groundwater‐hyporheic interactive flow not only governs solute mass and heat transport in streams but also controls the retention of solute and contamination following the discharge of deep groundwater, such as naturally occurring solutes and leakage from geological waste disposal facilities. Here, we applied a physically based modeling approach combined with extensive hydrologic, geologic and geographical data to investigate the effect of hyporheic flow on groundwater discharge in the Krycklan catchment, located in a boreal landscape in Sweden. Regional groundwater modeling was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics by considering geologic heterogeneity and infiltration constraint of the groundwater circulation intensity. Moreover, the hyporheic flow was analyzed using an exact spectral solution accounting for the fluctuating streambed topography and superimposed with the regional groundwater flow. By comparing the discharge flow fields with and without consideration of hyporheic flows, we found that the divergence of the discharge was substantially enhanced and the distribution of the travel times of groundwater was significantly shifted toward shorter times due to the presence of hyporheic flow. Particularly important is that the groundwater flow paths contract near the streambed interface due to the hyporheic flow, which leads to a phenomenon that we name “fragmentation” of coherent areas of groundwater upwelling in pinhole‐shaped stream tubes.
DISCIPLINING THE ANTHROPOCENE
Authors: Hesketh Ian 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIn this review essay, I examine Julia Adeney Thomas, Mark Williams, and Jan Zalasiewicz's The Anthropocene: A Multidisciplinary Approach. As indicated by the book's subtitle, the authors stress the necessity of approaching the Anthropocene from a multidisciplinary perspective as opposed to an interdisciplinary one. I consider how the authors do this by analyzing the different disciplinary approaches they adopt from fields ranging from geology and Earth system science to anthropology and history. What will become clear is that, rather than seeking to synthesize the relevant knowledge that is produced by these disciplines, the authors envision the Anthropocene as an analytical lens through which multiple forms of knowledge can be produced. Given the disparate timescales and complex phenomena that are implied by the Anthropocene, this multidisciplinary approach avoids many of the epistemic problems that have beset certain attempts to situate the Anthropocene within a grand synthetic framework that is governed by a singular theory and linear historical narrative. In addition to showing that the Anthropocene must be viewed from a range of different disciplinary perspectives in order to be understood, the book illustrates how it is possible to bring into conversation diverse forms of knowledge from the sciences and the humanities without undermining the disciplinary differences and methods that produced those forms of knowledge in the first place.
Differences in Korean adult inpatients' oral care behaviour in daily life and hospitals
Authors: Kim Soo‐Min , Noh Hie‐Jin , Mun So‐Jung , Han Sun‐Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to identify the differences in oral care methods between current and past hospitalizations and to investigate the need for inpatient oral care education for South Korean adults who have been hospitalized for more than 24 h.MethodsThis study employed a cross‐sectional design. Between 23 December 2019 and 4 May 2020, a questionnaire was administered to 200 adult inpatients awaiting treatment and their guardians at university hospitals or clinics. Of these, the data of 195 patients were analysed. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests were used for data analysis.ResultsIn daily life, the participants reported brushing their teeth thrice a day (52.3%) for 2 min (60%). A single product was the most used (51.3%). During hospitalization, 40% of the participants brushed their teeth thrice or more a day, 84.1% brushed for <1 min, and 83.6% did not use additional oral care products.ConclusionsDifferences were observed between South Korean adults' oral care behaviours in daily life and those performed in hospitals. Oral hygiene habits, the frequency and duration of tooth brushing, and the use of oral care products decreased during hospitalization. Our findings can be applied to the development of oral care interventions for inpatients, while considering changes in the hospitalization environment and physical activity levels during hospitalization.
Immunotherapeutic targets in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sadeghirad Habib , Bahrami Tayyeb , Layeghi Sepideh M. , Yousefi Hassan , Rezaei Meysam , Hosseini‐Fard Seyed R. , Radfar Payar , Warkiani Majid E. , O'Byrne Ken , Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and has a 5‐year survival rate of ~20%. Immunotherapies have shown promising results leading to durable responses, however, they are only effective for a subset of patients. To determine the best therapeutic approach, a thorough and in‐depth profiling of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is required. The TME is a complex network of cell types that form an interconnected network, promoting tumour cell initiation, growth and dissemination. The stroma, immune cells and endothelial cells that comprise the TME generate a plethora of cytotoxic or cytoprotective signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss immunotherapeutic targets in NSCLC tumours and how the TME may influence patients' response to immunotherapy.
β1 Integrin induces adhesion and migration of human Th17 cells via Pyk2‐dependent activation of P2X4 receptor
Authors: Hamoudi Chakib , Muheidli Abbas , Aoudjit Fawzi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrin‐mediated T‐cell adhesion and migration is a crucial step in immune response and autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying signalling mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the implication of purinergic signalling, which has been associated with T‐cell activation, in the adhesion and migration of human Th17 cells across fibronectin, a major matrix protein associated with inflammatory diseases. We showed that the adhesion of human Th17 cells to fibronectin induces, via β1 integrin, a sustained release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the mitochondria through the pannexin‐1 hemichannels. Inhibition of ATP release or its degradation with apyrase impaired the capacity of the cells to attach and migrate across fibronectin. Inhibition studies identified a major role for the purinergic receptor P2X4 in T‐cell adhesion and migration but not for P2X7 or P2Y11 receptors. Blockade of P2X4 but not P2X7 or P2Y11 receptors reduced cell adhesion and migration by inhibiting activation of β1 integrins, which is essential for ligand binding. Furthermore, we found that β1 integrin‐induced ATP release, P2X4 receptor transactivation, cell adhesion and migration were dependent on the focal adhesion kinase Pyk2 but not FAK. Finally, P2X4 receptor inhibition also blocked fibronectin‐induced Pyk2 activation suggesting the existence of a positive feedback loop of activation between β1 integrin/Pyk2 and P2X4 purinergic signalling pathways. Our findings uncovered an unrecognized link between β1 integrin and P2X4 receptor signalling pathways for promoting T‐cell adhesion and migration across the extracellular matrix.
Presence at a distance: Video chat supports intergenerational sensitivity and positive infant affect during COVID‐19
Authors: Roche Ellen , Rocha‐Hidalgo Joscelin , Piper Douglas , Strouse Gabrielle A. , Neely Lucinda I. , Ryu Jenna , Myers Lauren J. , McClure Elisabeth , Troseth Georgene L. , Zosh Jennifer M. , Barr Rachel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 disrupted infant contact with people beyond the immediate family. Because grandparents faced higher COVID‐19 risks due to age, many used video chat instead of interacting with their infant grandchildren in person. We conducted a semi‐naturalistic, longitudinal study with 48 families, each of whom submitted a series of video chats and surveys, and most (n = 40) also submitted a video of an in‐person interaction. Families were mostly highly‐educated, White/Caucasian, and lived between 1 and 2700 miles apart. We used multilevel models to examine grandparents’ and parents’ sensitivity during video chat across time (centered at February 1, 2021, the approximate date of vaccine availability). Grandparent video chat sensitivity changed as a function of date and parent sensitivity. Parent sensitivity changed as a function of date, grandparent sensitivity, and geographic distance. We then modeled infants' affective valence during video chat and in‐person interactions with their grandparents, which was only predicted by grandparent sensitivity, not modality or other factors. This study demonstrates that caregivers were sensitive toward infants during video chat interactions despite fluctuations in family stress and reduced in‐person contact during COVID‐19 and that grandparent sensitivity predicted positive infant affect during both video chat and in‐person interactions.
An in vivo critically colonised wound model with dysbiotic wound microbiota
Authors: Kunimitsu Mao , Nakagami Gojiro , Minematsu Takeo , Koudounas Sofoklis , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn critically colonised wounds, many of the signs of infection are often absent, and delayed healing may be the only clinical sign. The prevention of critical colonisation is important, but its pathophysiology has not yet been elucidated. We have previously reported that dysbiotic microbiota dissimilar to the peri‐wound skin microbiota may develop in critically colonised wounds. To investigate the role of dysbiotic microbiota, this study aimed to develop a critically colonised wound model by transplantation of dysbiotic microbiota. To transplant microbiota, a bacterial solution (dysbiosis group) or with Luria‐Bertani medium (commensal group) was inoculated to full‐thickness wounds of rats. The bacterial solution was prepared by anaerobically culturing bacteria from donor rats on an artificial dermis in Luria‐Bertani medium for 72 hours. As a result, the degree of the change in the microbial similarity between pre‐ and post‐transplantation of microbiota was significantly higher in the dysbiosis group (P < .001). No signs of infection were observed in any rat in either group. The wound area in the dysbiosis group was significantly larger (P < .001), and there was a significant infiltration of neutrophils (P < .001). All rats of the dysbiosis group represented the clinical features of critically colonised wounds. Furthermore, there were significantly fewer regulatory T cells in the wounds of the dysbiosis group. This is the first study to develop a novel animal model that represents the clinical features of critically colonised wounds and will be useful in investigating the pathogenesis of critical colonisation via regulatory T cells.
An novel and alternative treatment method for large heel ulceration in diabetic patients: Proximal tibial cortex transverse distraction
Authors: Jianda Xu , Maosheng Bai , Chenjian Peng , Xiaojing Yan , Changhui Wei , Junhao Lu , Jianning Zhao , Ningwen Shi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeel ulceration in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major clinical challenge, manifesting with a protracted and uncertain healing process. The prefer treatment of heel ulceration is still controversial. This study aims at describing a newly alternative surgical method with the proximal transverse tibial bone transport technique, as an attempt to achieve wound healing in diabetic patients with large heel ulceration. Retrospective clinical study. A total of 21 diabetic patients with large heel ulceration were enrolled and followed up at least 6 months. The following parameters were assessed: Visual analogue scale (VAS), healing time, ulcer healing rate, ulcer recurrence rate and limb salvage rate. All patients got fully follow‐up and achieved wound healing uneventfully. Eighteen patients returned to independent walking without any helper while three patients walked using a crutch. Limb salvage was achieved in all 21 patients (100%). The mean wound area was 67.43 ± 13.31 cm2 (range: 46‐97 cm2). The mean healing time was 128.62 ± 16.76 days (range: 91‐160 days). 16 out of 21 patients without calcaneal osteomyelitis achieved ulcer healing with a mean duration of 124.69 ± 14.42 days (range: 91–143 days), while the other five patients with calcaneal osteomyelitis were 141.20 ± 19.12 days (range: 110‐160 days). 2 out of 21 patients got superficial rupture at the previous wounds and healed after outpatient dressing change combined with oral antibiotics. The novel technique described is particularly applicable for large heel ulceration in diabetic patients. It offers a better alternative for achieving wound healing with a favourable encouraging outcome.
The lattice vibration and microwave dielectric properties of BaZnP2−xNbxO7 ceramics for microwave substrates
Authors: Huang Fangyi , Su Hua , Zhang Qin , Wu Xiaohui , Jing Yulan , Li Yuanxun , Tang Xiaoli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe BaZnP2−xNbxO7 microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared by solid‐state reaction method to investigate the impact of Nb5+ on the composition, microstructure, and vibrational properties, as well as sintering characteristics and microwave dielectric properties. The solubility of Nb5+ in the BaZnP2−xNbxO7 lattice was limited. A moderate amount of Nb5+ substitution could promote the densification process. The vibrational characteristics of the BaZnP2O7 ceramics were first studied by performing experimental and theoretical Raman and infrared spectroscopy measurements in this work, and their relationship with the microwave dielectric properties was studied. The acquired results showed that (Ⅰ) εr was influenced by both the density and the second phase; (Ⅱ) the density and full width at half maximum of the Raman vibrational peak played a critical role in affecting the Q × f values. The BaZnP2−xNbxO7 samples sintered at 925°C exhibited the outstanding microwave dielectric properties with x = 0.02: εr = 7.98, Q × f = 60 615 GHz (tan δ = 2.18 × 10−4; f = 13.21 GHz) and τf = −52.93 ppm/°C (ρbulk = 4.03 g/cm3; ρr = 92.69%). The proposed ceramic is expected to be used in microwave substrates.
Formation of zircon‐type (Zr,Ti)1−x(Dy)x(SiO4)1−x(PO4)x solid solution and their optical and magnetic characteristics
Authors: Ezhilan Manivannan , Alam Madar Saheb Mushtaq , Kannan Sanjeevi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study is aimed to tailor the structure of zircon (ZrSiO4) for potential application in hard tissue replacements. In this context, zircon (Zr,Ti)1−x(Dy)x(SiO4)1−x(PO4)x type solid solution has been formed through a simple sol–gel technique. Zircon formation is induced by the Ti4+ substitution, whereas the progressive addition of Dy3+/PO43− led to their accommodation at the resultant lattice sites. The maximum occupancy limit of Dy3+/PO43− is determined as 20 wt.% beyond, in which the ZrSiO4 structure is destabilized to enable the exclusion of Ti4+ and Zr4+ and subsequently yields ZrTiO4 trace alongside the crystallization of DyPO4. Dy3+ accommodation facilitated the improved absorption and emission (blue [483 nm] and yellow [576 nm]) phenomena and further the paramagnetic features are also induced in the resultant ZrSiO4.
Effect of sucrose on technetium and rhenium retention during vitrification of low‐activity wastes
Authors: Lee SeungMin , Jin Tongan , Rivers Eden , Kloužek Jaroslav , Luksic Steven , Marcial Jose , George Jaime , Dixon Derek R. , Eaton William C. , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSucrose (C12H22O11) has been used in low‐activity waste (LAW) melter feeds containing large fractions of nitrates, nitrites, or both because it facilitates foam suppression and denitration. This study focused on the effect of sucrose in LAW feeds on technetium (Tc) and rhenium (Re) retention. The amount of sucrose added in feeds was varied to differentiate the carbon‐to‐nitrogen mole ratio (C/N ratio). The results show that larger sucrose addition (higher C/N ratio) enhances Tc and Re retention. Reducing conditions induced by sucrose decomposition and early chemical reactions between sucrose and NaNO3/NaNO2 are expected to increase Tc and Re retention. However, high sucrose addition decreased sulfur (S) retention slightly because sodium sulfate decomposes in reducing conditions at lower temperature. This early sulfate decomposition can affect Tc and Re retention partly because these species can be soluble in sulfate phases. This correlation indicates that the decrease of sulfate phases in the glass by early decomposition can reduce the solubility of Tc and Re in the sulfate phases, which may increase Tc and Re retention in the glass. In addition, continuous gas evolution and vigorous foaming at the foaming temperature range of 700–900°C may influence Tc and Re retention process interrupting retention or facilitating volatilization.