bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of Quantum Dots as a buffer layer in CIGS Solar Cells: A Comparative study
Authors: Abdulghani Zuhair R. , Najm Asmaa Soheil , Holi Araa Mebdir , Al-Zahrani Asla Abdullah , Al-Zahrani Khaled S , Moria Hazim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quantum bandgap buffer layers can improve sunlight absorption in the short wavelength region, hence improving the performance of CIGS solar cells. In this study, we use numerical modelling to determine the impact of various buffer layers' electrical characteristics on the performance of CIGS thin film photovoltaic devices, particularly, carrier concentration and the quantum effect. As well Ag2S buffer layer has been experimentally examined to fulfilment its effect in term of bulk and quantum bandgap. Experimental results depicted that, Ag2S QDs has polycrystalline nature of films, with smooth surface roughness, and average diameter 4 nm. Meanwhile, a simulation revealed that the Fermi level of the (n- buffer layer) material shifts closer to the conduction band with an increase in carrier concentration. The findings indicate that, a buffer layer with a wider bandgap and carrier concentration is an essential demand for achieving a device with a higher conversion efficiency and a broader bandgap-CBO window. It was attributed to beneficial synergistic effects of high carrier concentration and narrower depletion region, which enable carriers to overcome high CBO barrier. Most importantly, modelling results indicate that the optic-electrical characteristics of the buffer layer are critical in determining the progress of a CIGS solar cell.
Analysis of the relationship between proteins of microorganisms and MS disease by bioinformatics methods
Authors: Bigdeli Ali , Arab Seyed Shahriar , Behmanesh Mehrdad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is caused by the invasion and destruction of the myelin sheath in the human nervous system. Several studies have shown that there is a powerful link between infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses, with the development or severity of MS disease. With regards to the normal duty of the immune system, we hypothesize that this attack can be caused by sensitizing the immune system to an antigen/s containing resemble myelin sheath components. This study is tried to use bioinformatics and its related tools as a new approach to finding the possible resemble protein amino acid sequences or 3D structures in different microorganisms with human myelin basic protein as a main protein component of myelin sheath human nerve system. Based on the limitations of the proteins 3D structures prediction, the study was categorized in two ways: 1. Simultaneous study and analysis of protein structure and sequence 2. Study exclusively through Sequence similarities between proteins. The similarity of the sequence in several analysis suggests that the presence of these microorganisms or their entry into the body increases the risk of MS. The results indicated the presence of species of fungi is highly capable of infecting immune cells associated with MS. The sequence similarity in the bacterial structures, specifically in the intestinal flora, indicates the class of bacteria that intercede the metabolism of the human body and promote natural activities. Their imbalance increases the possibility of the immune system activating against the body itself.
Non-invasive Electrical Stimulation Upregulates Genes Encoding Melatonin-Related Machinery in Pineal and Salivary Glands, with Dermatome and Frequency-Specific Effects
Authors: Lumsden S. C. , Clarkson A. , Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pineal Gland (PG) neuromodulation is possible via invasive, electrical stimulation of its sympathetic pathway. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of non-invasive neuromodulation of the pineal and salivary glands via electrical stimulation. Bilateral electrical stimulation at 10 or 80 Hz or sham stimulation was applied to either the C2 or T1 dermatomes of rats during the dark period for 2-hours. PG, salivary, and lacrimal glands were removed following stimulation and qPCR used to assess expression changes in genes associated with melatonin synthesis, regulation, and signalling. 80 Hz C2 dermatome stimulation significantly upregulated Hiomt within both the PG and submandibular glands, and Rarβ within PG only. 10 Hz C2 dermatome stimulation upregulated Mt3 within the submandibular gland, and both 10 and 80 Hz C2 dermatome stimulation upregulated Rorβ within the parotid gland. Expression was unchanged following 10 or 80 Hz T1 dermatome stimulation and no changes were found in the lacrimal gland following stimulation of either dermatome. Our findings demonstrated that non-invasive, electrical stimulation can modulate gene expression within both the PG and salivary glands with frequency- and dermatome-specific effects. The potential therapeutic effects of this neuromodulation modality need to be uncovered through further research.
Effect of Tenomodulin overexpression treatment on bone formation activity is dependent on gene transfection vectors
Authors: Wang Han , Tenkumo Taichi , Nemoto Eiji , Ogawa Toru , Kanda Yoshiaki , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tenomodulin (Tnmd) has been confirmed in periodontal ligament and reported to inhibit angiogenesis or involved in collagen fibril maturation; however, the effect of Tnmd overexpression treatment on bone regeneration therapy is not clear.Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of Tnmd overexpression on bone formation activity in vitro and in vivo, using a calcium phosphate-based gene transfection vector (CaP) or a cationic polymer-based reagent (JetPEI). Osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related gene expression levels in MC3T3E1 and rat bone marrow derived cells (rBMSCs) were detected using qPCR test 3 days after gene transfection with plasmid DNA (Tnmd). The bone filling ratio was evaluated at 28 days after implantation of a collagen sponge scaffold with or without CaP (Tnmd) or JetPEI (Tnmd) in rat calvaria bone defects. The bone filling ratio of JetPEI (Tnmd) was lower than that of the scaffold alone, while that of CaP (Tnmd) was higher. The present study demonstrates that the effect of Tnmd overexpression treatment was dependent on cell lines and a non-viral gene transfection vector in vitro. The gene transfection vector should be used depending on the targeting tissue in the introduction of Tnmd overexpression treatment in tissue regeneration therapy.
Globulin, albumin to globulin ratio, and plasma fibrinogen may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for tibial infected nonunion
Authors: Xu Guangyue , Mao Haijun , Wang Zhen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims: The accurate preoperative diagnosis of infected nonunion remains challenging. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of novel biomarkers for tibial infected nonunion. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 155 patients divided into two groups: 59 with tibial infected nonunion (Group A) and 96 with tibial aseptic nonunion (Group B). Preoperatively analyzed clinical parameters included plasma D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) count. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, and specificity were utilized to compare the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers. Results: The WBC, ESR, CRP, plasma D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, and GLB levels of Group A were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in Group B. The ALB and AGR levels of Group A were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in Group B. The area under the curve (AUC) of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, and AGR were greater than 0.8. An analysis of a combination of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, GLB, and AGR had the highest AUC. In patients with comorbidities, the diagnostic accuracy of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, GLB, and AGR also performed well. Higher levels of WBC, CRP, and ESR were detected in patients who had recently used antibiotics (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GLB, AGR, and plasma fibrinogen are promising biomarkers for improving the diagnosis of tibial infected nonunion. The integrated analysis of ESR, plasma fibrinogen, GLB, and AGR provided more accurate and more specific diagnosis than the four biomarkers individually.
Time-Resolved β-lactam Cleavage by L1 Metallo-β-Lactamase
Authors: Joachimiak Andrzej , Wilamowski Mateusz , Sherrell Darren , Kim Youngchang , Lavens Alex , Henning Robert , Lazarski Krzysztof , Shigemoto Austin , Endres Michael , Maltseva Natalia , Babnigg Gyorgy , Burdette Shawn , Sra Vukica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Serial x-ray crystallography can uncover binding events, and subsequent chemical conversions occurring during enzymatic reaction. Here we reveal the structure, binding and cleavage of moxalactam antibiotic bound to L1 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL). Using time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography we showed the time course of β-lactam hydrolysis and assembled molecular movie spanning 4 seconds. The reaction was initiated by laser pulse releasing Zn2+ ions from a UV-labile photocage. Two metal ions bind to the active site, followed by binding of moxalactam and the intact β-lactam ring is observed for 100 ms after photolysis. Cleavage of β-lactam is detected at 150 ms and the ligand is significantly displaced. The reaction product adjusts its conformation reaching steady state at 2000 ms corresponding to the relaxed state of the enzyme. Only small changes are observed in the positions of Zn2+ ions and the active site residues. Mechanistic details captured here should be generalized to other MBLs.
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Xinhao , Xing Jian , Wu Chunfa , Zhang Chaotuan , Ji Zhenzhen , Liu Xinjian , Zhou Xianju , Tang Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in the nervous system and multiple visceral organs. Clinical manifestations of NIIDs vary widely, with familial and sporadic cases reported. The clinical manifestations of NIIDs are highly heterogeneous, complex and diverse, and may present with damage to the corticosphere, pyramidal bundles, extrapyramidal lineages, cerebellum, peripheral nerves, and autonomic nerves. At present, there are no cases in China where skin biopsy and genetic testing have been confirmed at the same time. We reported a case of NIID patient with dementia and behavioral abnormalities as the main clinical features, reviewed the relevant literature, analyzed its clinical characteristics, imaging changes, skin biopsy pathological changes, genetic test results, and reviewed the relevant literature, aiming to help clinicians improve their understanding of NIID.
TGF-β1-Sp1 signaling pathway regulates the expression of collagen I in guinea pig scleral fibroblasts
Authors: Ying Chonghui , Liu Xiawei , Zhang Chu , Zhu Zicheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
TGF-β1(Transforming growth factor beta 1)has been shown to be involved in scleral remodeling in myopia; however, it is not fully clear how this pathway regulates collagen I expression.This aim to study the effect of TGF-β1-Sp1(specificity protein 1 )signaling pathway on the expression of collagen I in guinea pig scleral fibroblasts.
Methods
A primary cell culture was prepared from guinea pig scleral tissue. The obtained fibroblasts were divided into four groups, which were given the following treatments: no treatment, TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + Sp1 inhibitor, and TGF-β1 + TGF-β1 inhibitor. The mRNA and protein expression of collagen I and Sp1 was examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
Results
Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of Sp1 and collagen I were increased in the TGF-β1 group (P < 0.05), whereas they were decreased in the TGF-β1 + TGF-β1 inhibitor group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of these genes in the TGF-β1 + Sp1 inhibitor group were weaker than in the control, but stronger than those in the TGF-β1 + TGF-β1 inhibitor group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
To a certain extent, TGF-β1 can mediate the expression of type I collagen through the Sp1 signaling pathway.
Effect of dry-wet alternation on denitrogen bacteria in constructed wetland
Authors: Zhu Jing , Chen Xinyong , Lu Jianjian , Tian Zaifeng , Wu Yihong , Zhao Qi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The metagenome sequencing technique was used to study the effect of dry-wet alternation on denitrogen bacteria in constructed wetland. The results showed that the dry-wet alternate condition had a great effect on the abundance of denitrogen bacteria in the system. With the increase of dry-wet alternation time (DWAT4h-DWAT8h-DWAT12h), the number of nitrifying bacteria showed an inverted "V" pattern, the distribution of denitrifying bacteria showed an inverted "V" pattern at 10°C, a "V" pattern at 20°C, and a stable pattern at 30°C (both appeared peak at DWAT8h). The DWAT was important factors affecting the distribution of denitrogen bacteria (P < 0.05). RDA Analysis showed that NH3-N (AN) and TN were significantly correlated with denitrogen bacteria (P < 0.05) and were the main factors affecting the distribution of denitrogen bacteria. Reasonable control of dry-wet alternation time was crucial to increase the number of denitrogen bacteria and denitrogen efficiency.
Effects of continuous nursing based on the WeChat platform in neonates after enterostomy：a single centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Lin Ying , Xue RuiYun , Guo Bin , Bai Jianxi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Nursing after neonatal enterostomy is difficult for many families. A reasonable and efficient mode of continuous nursing management after neonatal enterostomy is a major and difficult issue that urgently need be addressed clinically. The purpose of this research was to analysis the effects of continuous nursing based on the WeChat platform in neonates after enterostomy. Methods: Neonates who underwent enterostomy from January 2014 to December 2020 in our hospital were retrospective analysied. According to the nursing mode, the patients were divided into the traditional nursing group and the continuous nursing group. Peri-stomal skin was evaluated with DET scale. Mental status of families was evaluated with SAS and SDS. Results: There were 143 patients in the traditional nursing group and 165 in the continuous nursing group. No statistically significant differences were found in demographic information between the two groups. The continuous nursing group has an obviously lower DET score for peri-stomal skin than the traditional nursing group (P=0.003). Three months after discharge from the hospital, the continuous nursing group replaces 7.2±1.8 ostomy bags every week, much fewer than the traditional nursing group (P=0.002). For SAS score and SDS score three months after discharge, the continuous nursing group considerably outperforms the traditional nursing group. Conclusions: The continuous nursing based on the WeChat can effectively improve nursing quality for neonatal stoma after discharge. The patients’ families also receives proper psychological counseling to relieve their anxiety and depression and improve the patients’ life quality.
Examining the Role of Community Resilience and Social Capital on Mental Health in Public Health Emergency and Disaster Response: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hall Charlotte E , Wehling Helena , Stansfield Jude , South Jane , Brooks Samantha K , Greenberg Neil , Amlôt Richard , Weston Dale 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ability of the public to remain psychologically resilient in the face of public health emergencies and disasters (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) is a key factor in the effectiveness of a national response to such events. Community resilience and social capital are often perceived as beneficial and ensuring that a community is socially and psychologically resilient may aid emergency response and recovery. This review presents a synthesis of literature which answers the following research questions: How are community resilience and social capital quantified in research?; What is the impact of community resilience on mental wellbeing?; What is the impact of infectious disease outbreaks, disasters and emergencies on community resilience and social capital?; and, What types of interventions enhance community resilience and social capital? A scoping review procedure was followed. Searches were run across Medline, PsycInfo, and EMBASE, with search terms covering community resilience or social capital, public health emergencies, and mental health. 26 papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of retained papers originated in the USA, used a survey methodology to collect data, and involved a natural disaster. There was no common method of measuring community resilience or social capital. The association between community resilience and social capital with mental health was regarded as positive in most cases. However, we found that community resilience, and social capital, were initially negatively impacted by public health emergencies and enhanced by social group activities. Several key recommendations are proposed based on the outcomes from the review, which include: the need for a standardised and validated approach to measuring community resilience or social capital; that there should be enhanced effort to improve preparedness to public health emergencies in communities by gauging current levels of community resilience and social capital; that community resilience and social capital should be bolstered if areas are at risk of disasters or public health emergencies; the need to ensure that suitable short-term support is provided to communities with high resilience in the immediate aftermath of a public health emergency or disaster; the importance of conducting robust evaluation of community resilience initiatives deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Epidural Stimulation of the Cervical Spinal Cord Improves Voluntary Motor Control in Post-stroke Upper Limb Paresis
Authors: Capogrosso Marco , Powell Marc , Verma Nikhil , Sorensen Erynn , Carranza Erick , Boos Amy , Fields Daryl , Roy Souvik , Ensel Scott , Barra Beatrice , Balzer Jeffery , Goldsmith Jeffery , Friedlander Robert , Wittenberg George , Fisher Lee , Krakauer John , Gerzsten Peter , Pirondini Elvira , Weber Douglas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A large proportion of cerebral strokes disrupt descending commands from motor cortical areas to the spinal cord which can results in permanent motor deficits of the arm and hand1,2. However, below the lesion, the spinal circuits that control movement5 remain intact and could be targeted by neurotechnologies to restore movement6–9. Here we demonstrate that by engaging spinal circuits with targeted electrical stimulation we immediately improved voluntary motor control in two participants with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. We implanted a pair of 8-contact percutaneous epidural leads on the lateral aspect of the cervical spinal cord to selectively target the dorsal roots that provide excitatory inputs to motoneurons controlling the arm and hand10,11. With this strategy, we obtained independent activation of shoulder, elbow and hand muscles. Continuous stimulation through selected contacts at specific frequencies enabled participants to perform movements that they had been unable to perform for many years. Overall, stimulation improved strength, kinematics, and functional performance. Unexpectedly, both participants retained some of these improvements even without stimulation, suggesting that spinal cord stimulation could be a restorative as well as an assistive approach for upper limb recovery after stroke.
Coronary Artery Disease - risk factors and causes: In western Libyan patients
Authors: Bheleel Osama , Abdulhamid Alaa Hadi , Alhadi Ibtisam , Grash Hanaa , Almoaket Hajer , Abdelhamid Mohamed Hadi Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide in both men and women. Accordingly, we retrospectively reviewed the effects of various risk factors on coronary angiography outcomes in Libyan patients. MethodsData were collected from the catheter lab through Tripoli university hospital records, whereas the team reviewed clinical data and coronary artery diagrams for one year from 01/04/2019 to 31/03/2020. In our study, the total number of cases was 666; 401 male and 265 female, ranging in age between 27 and 91 years. ResultsConsidering the data, a significantly increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among male who smokes, and who were less than 60 years of age. Furthermore, in the present study, the total number of normal patients was predominantly female. The most common risk factors for women were diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension (HTN) (12%,13% respectively). While the men share the significant effects of smoking on coronary angiography (C. Angio) findings (40.52%), most of them underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).ConclusionsIn our study, there was evidence that CAD is a prevalent disease among middle-aged populations with male gender preference. The risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are the most contributing factors for the developing CAD in Libya.
Transient lateral photovoltaic effect observed in Ti-SiO 2 -Si structure
Authors: Ling Xiang , Zhu Peng Fei , Zhu Kun , Ping Yun Xia , Song Pei , Du Jin Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The transient response of the lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) was observed when Ti-SiO2-Si structure was irradiated by a 650 nm laser at room temperature. The lateral photovoltage (LPV) was measured by voltmeter, which is linearly dependent on the laser irradiation position. In this paper, we described the dynamic process of LPE when Ti-SiO2-Si was irradiated by laser. The LPE has high sensitivity of 59mV/mm and linearity of 0.9924, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental phenomenon is explained by the carrier diffusion theory. And a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuits model combines with traditional LPE is established to simulate the transient response. These results suggest that the Ti-SiO2-Si structure is a potential choice for optoelectronic devices applied in the sensors field.
Effects of plastic fragment size and concentration on plant performance are mediated by soil properties and water availability
Authors: Krehl Anne , Schöllkopf Undine Marulla , Májeková Maria , Tielbörger Katja , Tomiolo Sara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Increasing attention has been devoted to the effects of plastic contamination on soil water content and plant performance. However, little is known about how plastic in soil may interact with climate change factors, such as drought. We hypothesized that 1) Plastic affects soil water content negatively, and such effect is mediated by plastic size and concentrations, water availability and soil texture; 2) plants attain higher growth in soil where the negative effects of drought and plastic are small. Methods: We tested the joint effects of water availability, soil texture, and plastic fragments (varying in concentration and size), on soil water content and growth of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: While increasing concentrations and size of plastic negatively affected soil water content, likely by favoring the formation of fractures within soil aggregates, they positively affected plant growth, likely by increasing soil porosity and facilitating root growth. In low water availability such responses were generally stronger, while soil texture mediated linear vs. unimodal responses in soil water content.Conclusion: Plastic contamination in soil is bound to increase overtime, and it may interact with drought in affecting soil and plants in non-linear ways. This implies that plastic contamination may either amplify or mitigate the effects of climate change on plants, soil and their interactions.