bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and habitat use of the Madagascar Peregrine Falcon: first estimates for area of habitat and population size
Authors: SUTTON LUKE J. , DE ROLAND LILY-ARISON RENE , THORSTROM RUSSELL , MCCLURE CHRISTOPHER J. W. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAccurately demarcating distributions of biological taxa has long been at the core of ecology. Yet our understanding of the factors defining species range limits is incomplete, especially for tropical species in the Global South. Human-driven threats to the survival of many taxa are increasing, particularly habitat loss and climate change. Identifying distributional range limits of at-risk and data-limited species using Species Distribution Models (SDMs) can thus inform spatial conservation planning to mitigate these threats. The Madagascar Peregrine FalconFalco peregrinus radamais the resident sub-species of the Peregrine Falcon complex distributed across Madagascar, Mayotte, and the Comoros Islands. There are currently significant knowledge gaps regarding its distribution, habitat preferences, and population size. Here, we use penalized logistic regression and environmental ordination to identify Madagascar Peregrine Falcon habitat in both geographic and environmental space and propose a population size estimate based on inferred habitat. From the penalized logistic regression model, the core habitat area of the Madagascar Peregrine Falcon extends across the central and northern upland plateau of Madagascar with patchier habitat across coastal and low-elevation areas. Range-wide habitat use in both geographic and environmental space indicated positive associations with high elevation and aridity, coupled with high vegetation heterogeneity and >95% herbaceous landcover, but general avoidance of areas >30% cultivated land and >10% mosaic forest. Based on inferred high-class habitat from the penalized logistic regression model, we estimate this habitat area could potentially support a population size ranging between 150 and 300 pairs. Following IUCN Red List guidelines, this subspecies would be classed as ‘Vulnerable’ due to its small population size. Despite its potentially large range, the Madagascar Peregrine Falcon has specialised habitat requirements and would benefit from targeted conservation measures based on spatial models to maintain viable populations.
Incumbent Party Reelection in Australia, Canada, and the United States: An Exponential Decay Model
Authors: Heggen Richard J. , Cuzán Alfred G. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTExponential functions, widely used in the physical sciences, also have been used to model political phenomena. To our knowledge, however, this tool has not been used to replicate the electoral survival of the government or administration in several democracies. This article reports that an exponential survival model is a good fit for the reelection rate of the party that controls the executive office in states, territories, or provinces in three countries: Australia, Canada, and the United States.
Everywhere and Nowhere: Information Literacy in the Political Science Classroom
Authors: Thornton Stephen , Atkinson Douglas B. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTRecent research suggests that many faculty members believe that their students are lacking the information literacy (IL) skills needed to be successful in their college career. Reports also suggest that there is a broader issue about the uncertain position of IL in the university curriculum. This article uses data from a worldwide survey of political science faculty to better understand how widespread this perception is, what is being done about this perceived problem, and what steps can be taken to encourage faculty to implement IL training in the classroom. We find that faculty believe that there is a problem but many are not explicitly teaching IL as part of their courses. We also find that faculty members who have received IL training are far more likely to include it in their courses. This leads us to suggest that IL training should be provided at the faculty level, which will have positive downstream effects on the IL training that students receive. We also contend that IL deserves a more prominent place in the university curriculum.
Comparison of text preprocessing methods
Authors: Chai Christine P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractText preprocessing is not only an essential step to prepare the corpus for modeling but also a key area that directly affects the natural language processing (NLP) application results. For instance, precise tokenization increases the accuracy of part-of-speech (POS) tagging, and retaining multiword expressions improves reasoning and machine translation. The text corpus needs to be appropriately preprocessed before it is ready to serve as the input to computer models. The preprocessing requirements depend on both the nature of the corpus and the NLP application itself, that is, what researchers would like to achieve from analyzing the data. Conventional text preprocessing practices generally suffice, but there exist situations where the text preprocessing needs to be customized for better analysis results. Hence, we discuss the pros and cons of several common text preprocessing methods: removing formatting, tokenization, text normalization, handling punctuation, removing stopwords, stemming and lemmatization, n-gramming, and identifying multiword expressions. Then, we provide examples of text datasets which require special preprocessing and how previous researchers handled the challenge. We expect this article to be a starting guideline on how to select and fine-tune text preprocessing methods.
The Re-Emergence of “People of Color”
Authors: Starr Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe social category “people of color” has been born twice from the mixing of peoples in the United States. This article seeks to explain the category’s emergence and varied boundaries in the late 1700s and early 1800s, its decline in the mid-1800s, and its re-emergence and spread in a related meaning of enlarged scope since the 1970s. In both phases, “people of color” has served as a bridging identity across racial lines for those not included among whites; both times it has served primarily as a term of respect, not abuse. The category’s revival has rested on a contested people-of-color equation—the equating of other minorities with Black people—and has come in four stages: 1) the advent of a new configuration of governmentally recognized minorities in the 1960s and 1970s; 2) the adoption of “people of color” as a collective identity for those groups, initially among Black, progressive, and feminist activists; 3) the polarized diffusion of “people of color” in the media; and 4) the emergence among activists of second thoughts about the category “people of color” as insufficiently specific. The article concludes with a brief discussion of whether the traditional color line is being redrawn as a people-of-color line.
Debt restrictions and municipal indebtedness in American cities: evidence from the Roaring Twenties
Authors: Gunter Samara , Siodla James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWidespread municipal defaults in the late 19th century prompted U.S. states to pass laws restricting the amount of debt cities could incur. These restrictions generally did not bind until the 1920s, when suburban growth spurred local governments to invest in infrastructure, most of which was financed by bonds. We study the relationship between several major debt restrictions – debt limits, supermajority voting referenda, and debt exceptions – and municipal indebtedness in the Roaring Twenties. We find that cities that faced more restrictive debt rules were less indebted by 1929. We also find that debt limits reduced the amount of capital spending in cities during the 1920s and 1930s, while stricter voting rules reduced the likelihood of municipal default in the 1930s. These rules thus determined not only the degree of debt accumulation in early 20th century cities, but also their infrastructure investment and financial health.
When trust is not enough. A longitudinal analysis of political trust and political competence during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland
Authors: Kestilä-Kekkonen Elina , Koivula Aki , Tiihonen Aino 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explored the longitudinal relationship of political trust and subjective political competence during the COVID-19 outbreak. We also examined how levels of political trust and political competence were associated with compliance with COVID-19 recommendations. We used three-wave panel data including 2,205 observations (N = 735) to study changes within and between individuals from 2017 to 2020. The last round of the survey was conducted at the peak of the first wave of COVID-19. The measures included political trust, subjective political competence, political interest, multiple background variables, and measures for compliance with the social distancing recommendations. We found that Finns’ political trust increased significantly during the first wave of COVID-19. The between-individuals analysis suggested that political competence was negatively associated with trust. The results also indicated that citizens’ compliance with COVID-19 recommendations was directly linked to political trust but depended also on the interaction between competence and trust.
Circular monopole filtering antenna with improved sideband selectivity and in-band impedance using circular-stub-load resonator
Authors: Yang Hailong , Zhang JinSheng , Li Xuping , Li Rongji , Zhang Yunqi , Li Yapeng , Song Xueyan , Shi Xiaomin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the design of the filter antenna, the filter unit with the same structure as the radiation patch not only improves the selectivity of the band edge, but also helps to improve the in-band impedance. In this design, a compact circular monopole filtering antenna with improved sideband selectivity and in-band impedance using a circular-stub-load resonator is proposed. To obtain better sideband selection characteristics and in-band impedance characteristics, and reduce the mismatch problem caused by the introduction of the filter, a branch-loaded filter with the same resonance mode as the antenna radiation patch is designed. In addition, different shape branch loading structures of the bandpass filter are also studied. The experimental results show that when the loading unit of the filter and the radiation structure of the antenna have the same structure, both good in-band impedance characteristics and sideband selectivity characteristics can be obtained from the filter antenna. The antenna reflection coefficient bandwidth is from 3 to 11 GHz (114%), and the maximum reflection coefficient is only −15 dB, showing good in-band impedance characteristics and sideband selection characteristics. The filter antenna realizes the integration of antenna filtering without increasing the size, and the final size of the antenna is 30 × 25 mm2.
Interactions with Standardized Patients to Evaluate Students’ Psychotherapy-Competencies
Authors: Alpers Georg W. , Hengen Kristina M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The use of standardized patients (SPs) in the training of prospective practitioners is a well-established didactic tool in medical schools. Only recently have simulations of patients in psychotherapy been introduced into the training of psychologists. By integrating psychotherapy training into university-level master’s programs, German law now requires licensing exams for psychotherapists (i. e., Approbationsprüfung) to include an assessment of therapeutic competencies in simulated interactions with SPs. Yet, it has not been examined whether these simulations are useful for a reliable assessment of competencies in psychotherapy trainees. Also, we need to develop standardized instruments to evaluate competencies in entry-level psychotherapists. As part of a university course, we trained master’s-level students from three cohorts in clinical interviewing techniques (course title: Klinisch-psychologische Gesprächsführung). We analyzed videotaped 20-min sequences of N = 104 students while they interviewed one of N = 38 trained SPs. The students’ task was to interview the SP, conduct a brief case history, and use the interviewing skills they had learned in class. Two independent raters evaluated their psychotherapeutic competencies with an adapted version of the German Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS). Raters evaluated students’ performance on two subscales and the total score with satisfactory interrater agreement (intraclass correlations). In general, students performed well in the interviews: They structured the sessions sufficiently, and their global psychotherapeutic competencies were satisfactory. However, the psychotherapeutic competencies of master’s students fell short of the benchmark derived from experienced psychotherapists. This pilot study provides first evidence that simulated interviews with SPs may be a reliable tool in the assessment of practical competencies in psychotherapy trainees at an early stage of their training. Moreover, we found that the CTS, which has demonstrated validity to quantify competencies of psychotherapists, is applicable and reliable in this training context as well. In sum, this suggests that simulated interviews with SPs may be useful for evaluating psychotherapeutic competencies of psychotherapy trainees.
Motivierende Gesprächsführung mit Simulationspatient_innen lehren und prüfen
Authors: Lück Susanne , Kienle Rolf , Langenbeck Sylke , Sehy Victoria , Freytag Julia 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Simulationspatient_innen (SP) werden in der medizinischen Ausbildung zum Erlernen und Prüfen kommunikativer Kompetenzen eingesetzt. Fragestellung: Wie wird Motivierende Gesprächsführung (MI) mit SP an der Charité Berlin gelehrt und geprüft? Methode: MI wird im Modellstudiengang Medizin im 4. Semester gelehrt und im Rahmen einer Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) geprüft. Es wurden Lehr- und Prüfungsevaluationen und die Beobachtungsübereinstimmung erhoben. Die Komplexität von MI erfordert spezielle Methoden für das SP-Training. Ergebnisse: In der Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation gaben 74,5 % der Studierenden und 90 % der Dozierenden an, dass MI-Kompetenzen erworben wurden, in der Prüfungsstation erreichten Studierende einen Leistungsmittelwert von 78 % ( SD = 2.1 %). Die Beobachtungsübereinstimmung lag bei r = .74 ( p = .009), r = .88 ( p < .001) und r = .47 ( p = .091). Die Prüfenden bewerteten die MI-Prüfungsstation überwiegend (sehr) gut. Schlussfolgerungen: MI kann mit SP gelehrt und geprüft werden, birgt aber Herausforderungen für SP-Training und Testkonstruktion.
Glacial Troughs Enhance Shelf/Slope Exchange in the Barotropic Limit
Authors: Hampson Patrick M. , Pringle James M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlacial troughs are flat‐bottomed, steep‐sided submarine valleys that incise the shelf and significantly alter coastal circulation. We examine how these features drive exchange between the shelf and the slope in the barotropic and linear limits. When the alongshore flow is in the Kelvin‐wave (downwave/downwelling favorable) direction, the troughs move transport from the shelf upwave of the trough to the slope downwave of the trough, diminishing wind‐driven alongshore transport on the shelf downwave of the trough. Conversely, when the alongshore flow is against the Kelvin wave direction (upwave/upwelling favorable), the troughs move transport from the slope downwave of the trough to the shelf upwave of the trough. These cross‐shelf flows are driven by the acceleration and curvature of the flows induced by the narrowing and turning isobaths around the trough, and the bottom friction experienced by these accelerated flows. These dynamics are quantified by examining the along‐isobath evolution of potential vorticity in the model's limits.
A Water Resource Equilibrium Regulation Model Under Water Resource Utilization Conflict: A Case Study in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Niu Chen , Chang Jianxia , Wang Yimin , Shi Xiaogang , Wang Xuebin , Guo Aijun , Jin Wenting , Zhou Shuai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mismatch between the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of water resources and recent regional socioeconomic development threatens social stability and sustainable development, particularly in river basins affected by water scarcity. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt a water resource regulation model to address these new challenges. Based on the theory of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the Gini coefficient, in this study, a water resource equilibrium regulation model is constructed from the demand side and applied to the Yellow River Basin (YRB). Different from fairness, equilibrium is a stable state under the influence of diversity of interests and other factors. The results show that the model realizes the spatial and temporal equilibrium regulation of water resources. The water supply assurance rates of ecological and agricultural water users increase significantly to 94.1% and 74.3%, respectively. In particular, in dry years, the rigid demands of water users can be well met, and irreversible losses can be avoided. Compared with Scheme 1987, the proportion of water supply for upstream provinces increases to 42.34%, which will contribute to the balanced development of the basin. This model has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications, providing not only theoretical and technical support for the adjustment of Scheme 1987 in the YRB but also a reference for other governments and water resource management institutions around the world.
Adaptive stress response genes associated with breast cancer subtypes and survival outcomes reveal race-related differences
Authors: Al Abo Muthana , Gearhart-Serna Larisa , Van Laere Steven , Freedman Jennifer A. , Patierno Steven R. , Hwang Eun-Sil Shelley. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Williams Kevin P. , Devi Gayathri R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAggressive breast cancer variants, like triple negative and inflammatory breast cancer, contribute to disparities in survival and clinical outcomes among African American (AA) patients compared to White (W) patients. We previously identified the dominant role of anti-apoptotic protein XIAP in regulating tumor cell adaptive stress response (ASR) that promotes a hyperproliferative, drug resistant phenotype. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified 46–88 ASR genes that are differentially expressed (2-fold-change and adjustedp-value < 0.05) depending on PAM50 breast cancer subtype. On average, 20% of all 226 ASR genes exhibited race-related differential expression. These genes were functionally relevant in cell cycle, DNA damage response, signal transduction, and regulation of cell death-related processes. Moreover, 23% of the differentially expressed ASR genes were associated with AA and/or W breast cancer patient survival. These identified genes represent potential therapeutic targets to improve breast cancer outcomes and mitigate associated health disparities.
An integrated and robust plant pulse monitoring system based on biomimetic wearable sensor
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Chi , Wu Xinyue , Ping Jianfeng , Ying Yibin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant wearable sensors have potential to provide continuous measurements of plant physiological information. However, stable and high-fidelity monitoring of plants with glandular hairs and wax is challenging, due to lacking interface adaptability of conventional plant wearable sensors. Here, inspired by adaptive winding plant tendrils, an integrated plant wearable system (IPWS) based on adaptive winding strain (AWS) sensor for plant pulse monitoring was developed. The IPWS consists of three modules, i.e. an AWS sensor, a flexible printed circuit, and a smart phone APP display interface. As the key element, the AWS sensor can adaptively wrap around the tomato stem. Importantly, with the serpentine-patterned laser-induced graphene, the AWS sensor exhibits excellent resistance to temperature interference with a temperature resistance coefficient of 0.17/°C. The IPWS is demonstrated to be stable and high-fidelity monitoring the plant pulse, which can reflect the growth and water state of tomato plant in real time.
Effects of MAO-B inhibitors on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review
Authors: Tsuboi Takashi , Satake Yuki , Hiraga Keita , Yokoi Katsunori , Hattori Makoto , Suzuki Masashi , Hara Kazuhiro , Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo , Okun Michael S. , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon-motor symptoms (NMS) are common among patients with Parkinson’s disease and reduce patients’ quality of life (QOL). However, there remain considerable unmet needs for NMS management. Three monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (MAO-BIs), selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide, have become commercially available in many countries. Although an increasing number of studies have reported potential beneficial effects of MAO-BIs on QOL and NMS, there has been no consensus. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date systematic review of the QOL and NMS outcomes from the available clinical studies of MAO-BIs. We conducted a literature search using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases in November 2021. We identified 60 publications relevant to this topic. Overall, rasagiline and safinamide had more published evidence on QOL and NMS changes compared with selegiline. This was likely impacted by selegiline being introduced many years prior to the field embarking on the study of NMS. The impact of MAO-BIs on QOL was inconsistent across studies, and this was unlikely to be clinically meaningful. MAO-BIs may potentially improve depression, sleep disturbances, and pain. In contrast, cognitive and olfactory dysfunctions are likely unresponsive to MAO-BIs. Given the paucity of evidence and controlled, long-term studies, the effects of MAO-BIs on fatigue, autonomic dysfunctions, apathy, and ICD remain unclear. The effects of MAO-BIs on static and fluctuating NMS have never been investigated systematically. More high-quality studies will be needed and should enable clinicians to provide personalized medicine based on a non-motor symptom profile.
Global Tonga tsunami explained by a fast-moving atmospheric source
Authors: Omira R. , Ramalho R. S. , Kim J. , González P. J. , Kadri U. , Miranda J. M. , Carrilho F. , Baptista M. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVolcanoes can produce tsunamis by means of earthquakes, caldera and flank collapses, pyroclastic flows or underwater explosions1–4. These mechanisms rarely displace enough water to trigger transoceanic tsunamis. Violent volcanic explosions, however, can cause global tsunamis1,5by triggering acoustic-gravity waves6–8that excite the atmosphere–ocean interface. The colossal eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano and ensuing tsunami is the first global volcano-triggered tsunami recorded by modern, worldwide dense instrumentation, thus providing a unique opportunity to investigate the role of air–water-coupling processes in tsunami generation and propagation. Here we use sea-level, atmospheric and satellite data from across the globe, along with numerical and analytical models, to demonstrate that this tsunami was driven by a constantly moving source in which the acoustic-gravity waves radiating from the eruption excite the ocean and transfer energy into it by means of resonance. A direct correlation between the tsunami and the acoustic-gravity waves’ arrival times confirms that these phenomena are closely linked. Our models also show that the unusually fast travel times and long duration of the tsunami, as well as its global reach, are consistent with an air–water-coupled source. This coupling mechanism has clear hazard implications, as it leads to higher waves along land masses that rise abruptly from long stretches of deep ocean waters.