bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Recurrent ADPRHL1 Germline Mutation Activates PARP1 and Confers Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Families
Authors: Zhang Guanyi , Wang Zemin , Bavarva Jasmin , Kuhns Katherine J. , Guo Jianhui , Ledet Elisa M. , Qian Chiping , Lin Yuan , Fang Zhide , Zabaleta Jovanny , Valle Luis Del , Hu Jennifer J. , Mandal Diptasri , Liu Wanguo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

African American (AA) families have the highest risk of prostate cancer. However, the genetic factors contributing to prostate cancer susceptibility in AA families remain poorly understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing of one affected and one unaffected brother in an AA family with hereditary prostate cancer. The novel non-synonymous variants discovered only in the affected individuals were further analyzed in all affected and unaffected men in 20 AA-PC families. Here, we report one rare recurrent ADPRHL1 germline mutation (c.A233T; p.D78V) in four of the 20 families affected by prostate cancer. The mutation co-segregates with prostate cancer in two families and presents in two affected men in the other two families, but was absent in 170 unrelated healthy AA men. Functional characterization of the mutation in benign prostate cells showed aberrant promotion of cell proliferation, whereas expression of the wild-type ADPRHL1 in prostate cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Mechanistically, the ADPRHL1 mutant activates PARP1, leading to an increased H2O2 or cisplatin-induced DNA damage response for prostate cancer cell survival. Indeed, the PARP1 inhibitor, olaparib, suppresses prostate cancer cell survival induced by mutant ADPRHL1. Given that the expression levels of ADPRHL1 are significantly high in normal prostate tissues and reduce stepwise as Gleason scores increase in tumors, our findings provide genetic, biochemical, and clinicopathological evidence that ADPRHL1 is a tumor suppressor in prostate tissue. A loss of function mutation in ADPRHL1 induces prostate tumorigenesis and confers prostate cancer susceptibility in high-risk AA families.

Implications:
This study highlights a potential strategy for ADPRHL1 mutation detection in prostate cancer–risk assessment and a potential therapeutic application for individuals with prostate cancer in AA families.
Association of Cardiovascular Health Through Young Adulthood With Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Midlife: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Zheng Yinan , Joyce Brian T. , Hwang Shih-Jen , Ma Jiantao , Liu Lei , Allen Norrina B. , Krefman Amy E. , Wang Jun , Gao Tao , Nannini Drew R. , Zhang Haixiang , Jacobs David R. , Gross Myron D. , Fornage Myriam , Lewis Cora E. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Sidney Stephen , Chen Dongquan , Greenland Philip , Levy Daniel , Hou Lifang , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Cardiovascular health (CVH) from young adulthood is strongly associated with an individual’s future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality. Defining epigenomic biomarkers of lifelong CVH exposure and understanding their roles in CVD development may help develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD.

Methods:
In 1085 CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants, we defined a clinical cumulative CVH score that combines body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose measured longitudinally from young adulthood through middle age over 20 years (mean age, 25–45). Blood DNA methylation at >840 000 methylation markers was measured twice over 5 years (mean age, 40 and 45). Epigenome-wide association analyses on the cumulative CVH score were performed in CARDIA and compared in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study). We used penalized regression to build a methylation-based risk score to evaluate the risk of incident coronary artery calcification and clinical CVD events.

Results:

We identified 45 methylation markers associated with cumulative CVH at false discovery rate <0.01 (
P
=4.7E-7–5.8E-17) in CARDIA and replicated in FHS. These associations were more pronounced with methylation measured at an older age.
CPT1A
,
ABCG1
, and
SREBF1
appeared as the most prominent genes. The 45 methylation markers were mostly located in transcriptionally active chromatin and involved lipid metabolism, insulin secretion, and cytokine production pathways. Three methylation markers located in genes
SARS1
,
SOCS3
, and
LINC-PINT
statistically mediated 20.4% of the total effect between CVH and risk of incident coronary artery calcification. The methylation risk score added information and significantly (
P
=0.004) improved the discrimination capacity of coronary artery calcification status versus CVH score alone and showed association with risk of incident coronary artery calcification 5 to 10 years later independent of cumulative CVH score (odds ratio, 1.87;
P
=9.66E-09). The methylation risk score was also associated with incident clinical CVD in FHS (hazard ratio, 1.28;
P
=1.22E-05).

Conclusions:
Cumulative CVH from young adulthood contributes to midlife epigenetic programming over time. Our findings demonstrate the role of epigenetic markers in response to CVH changes and highlight the potential of epigenomic markers for precision CVD prevention, and earlier detection of subclinical CVD, as well.
Applying One Health to Free-Roaming Cats
Authors: Lindenmayer Joann M. , Bays Danielle Jo , Pesek Julia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One Health seeks the optimal health of people, animals, and the environment through an integrated approach to the treatment and prevention of disease. While cats and other animals can be vectors of zoonotic diseases, the “moral panic” over free-roaming cats should be viewed with great skepticism. We should instead manage our relationship to cats, wildlife, and their environments with an eye to preventative measures that manage risk while respecting the well-being of individual cats and wildlife.
Why are Eurasian Communities Disappearing in Malaysian Society?
Authors: Pandian Sivamurugan , Vega Sharon Regina , Pazil Nur Hafeeza Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the reasons behind the disappearance of the Eurasian minority in Malaysia to shed light on and understand the general community issues such as discrimination, neglect and slight to no political representation. This is illustrated by the British government’s attitude towards Eurasians, the national identity narrative based on the majority racial categories, policies enforced by the Malaysian government and the prejudices that Eurasians face in their communities, and the racism that mixed individuals are exposed to while living in Asian society. Most factors, including identity problems, racism, the inferiority of mixed-race, discrimination, denial of political representation, and the national policies such as the National Education Policies, New Economic Policy (nep), and the National Language Act has caused many Eurasians to emigrate abroad or to other Commonwealth countries. Currently, Eurasians face reduced visibility and influence as their numbers continue to be overwhelmed by other majority races, including Chinese, Indians and Malays. After independence, the Eurasians became a forgotten community in Malaysia as the nation chose to forget the activities of the Eurasian community during the colonial period. Illustrating the study’s conceptual framework and analysing the literature reviewed revealed that the Eurasians are a marginalised minority group whose identity, nationality, culture, and existence are defined by Malaysian national policies in economic, educational, and language acts.
Direct and Indirect Victims of Urban Crime in the Historic Centre of Porto (Portugal): Prevalence, Dynamics and Associated Variables
Authors: Azevedo Vanessa , Sani Ana , Paulo Daniela , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Nunes Laura M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to quantify and characterize direct and indirect victimization and to analyse the associations between victimization and sociodemographic, criminal and environmental, social control and community variables in the urban area of the Historic Centre of Porto (hcp), Portugal. A total of 554 participants answered the “Diagnosis of Local Security Questionnaire” through face-to-face inquiry. The overall prevalence of victimization was 38.11%, with 17.7% being direct victims and 29.0% indirect victims. The most reported crimes were robbery, theft and offenses to physical integrity, which occurred mainly at night, on the street. The majority of victims sought police support, but satisfaction level with the authorities was low. Sociodemographic, criminal and environmental variables were associated with (in)direct victimization.
Disaster, Displacement and Domesticity
Authors: Maprayil Rosaleen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article explores the way in which modern productions of Happy Days (by Sarah Frankcom and Katie Mitchell) can be read as a reappraisal of Winnie’s predicament in the light of climate change and disaster. By viewing the mound as both home and tomb, this exploration of the play in performance examines the way domestic rituals form part of her survival strategies. By utilising the critical framework of phenomenology and material object theory alongside environmental and sociological studies, this paper aims to further our understanding of the female body and its relationship with the environment in moments of crisis that lead to displacement, due to disaster, ageing or homelessness.
UN Security Council Sanctions and Mediation in Libya
Authors: Portela Clara , Romanet Perroux Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The UN frequently employs sanctions on the same conflicts where it attempts mediation. While both efforts carry a UN stamp, they follow different political logics that are not always coherent with each other: sanctions are enacted by the UN Security Council, while mediation is led by a special representative/envoy of the UN Secretary-General, often on the basis of a Security Council mandate. This article explores two UN interventions in Libya that combined mediation with mandatory sanctions: the conflict leading to the overthrow of the Muammar Qaddafi regime (2011) and the civil war that ensued when the country was split between the first elected parliament and its successor (2014–2015). The Libyan case illustrates that the coherence of mediation and sanctions ultimately depends on the UN Security Council unity of purpose.
Efforts to Propagate the Sunnah in Nigeria; the Role of Majma’ al-Sunnah li al-Da’wah wa al-Buhuth (MSDB) in Ilorin
Authors: Adebayo Baale Sheriff , Ramchahi Abdollatif Ahmadi , Shah Faisal Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In an attempt to propagate the prophetic tradition, many organizations and study centres are established persistently. The propensity to practice pristine Islam and the Sunnah in Nigeria is generally suppressed with religious extremism and fanaticism campaign and political, economic, and social influence. Another dimension to this attitude towards Islam and Sunnah is the lack of knowledge and the zeal to learn. This research seeks to examine some of the efforts that MSDB has made to propagate the Prophetic Sunnah among the Nigerian Muslims Community. This research paper adopts the use of a thematic-narrative tool to analyse the personal interview had with the director of MSDB. The study developed a questionnaire instrument to measure the understanding of basic hadith concepts of past and present students, and those who attend some of the institution’s programs. A total of 211 samples were obtained and analysed using statistical methods. The study found that MSDB has given a significant rise in the Sunnah practices in Ilorin, Nigeria. The survey reveals that those who attend their programs understand the role of Hadith in expository comments of the Quran. The study also found a significant difference between individual knowledge of hadith and how frequently they attend MSDB programs. There is also a statistical significance between knowledge of hadith and the effect of MSDB in the community. However, there is an urgent need to replicate more Da’wah Centres, mosques, schools, and libraries that would encourage the practice and understanding of the prophetic tradition alongside that of the Quranic text in many communities in Nigeria as done by MSDB.
“Much Worse Than the Plague”
Authors: Lovett Dustin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In Goethe’s Faust, Faust expresses his fear that the alchemical “medicine” he and his father once gave their patients to cure them from plague had done more killing than the plague itself. This fear situates Goethe’s work within a critical discourse stretching back to Pliny the Elder’s Naturalis historia, and carried on from the beginnings of the Faust tradition about magic, medicine and scientific error. From the charges of quackery against the historical Faust, through two centuries of popular literature depicting Faust’s “descent” from theology to medicine as precipitating his embrace of magic, the roots of the Faust legend run through the ambivalent relationship of the magical and medicinal. This article examines how the physician-astrologers of Renaissance Europe informed early Faustian literature, just as the alchemists, whose practices survived well into the Enlightenment, informed not only Goethe’s literary work but the author’s own life. The Faust tradition encodes the cultural salience that medicine has long held in the West as emblematic of the bumpy, dangerous path to knowledge.
Contagion and Confinement
Authors: Pree Nathanael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article takes two epidemics, one historical and the other allegorical, for comparison against the current Covid-19 crisis. Daniel Defoe’s A Journal of the Plague Year consists of a narrator whose objectivity and existence are ambiguous. José Saramago’s Blindness, published in the original Portuguese as an “essay,” traces the journey of a cluster of citizens through a polis afflicted by a sudden, infectious outbreak. The respective experiences of confinement: at home, in a disused mental hospital, and within the wider spaces of the city, are analysed in this article with reference to Michel Foucault’s Madness and Civilization, alongside seminal works by Giorgio Agamben, Michel de Certeau and Susan Sontag. The article also aims to indicate how the current Covid-19 crisis may provide a scene of reading, alongside a contemporary response from Slavoj Žižek.
Five Economies of Weltliteratur
Authors: Hites Sándor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper looks at a range of economic ideas that various early 19th century conceptualizations of world literature have drawn on or interacted with. What I attempt to demonstrate is that contrary to the tendency in recent debates to identify world literature as the cultural manifestation of modern capitalism per se, the multifariousness of the concept has corresponded to the heterogeneity of economic thought right from the beginning. I explore models of 1) free trade, 2) gifting, 3) economic planning, 4) national protectionism and 5) common/shared possessions in the writings of Goethe, Thomas Carlyle, Fichte, the Young Germany movement, and Karl Marx.
Assimilation of a Coordinated Fleet of Uncrewed Aircraft System Observations in Complex Terrain: Observing System Experiments
Authors: Jensen Anders A. , Pinto James O. , Bailey Sean C. C. , Sobash Ryan A. , Romine Glen , Boer Gijs de , Houston Adam L. , Smith Suzanne W. , Lawrence Dale A. , Dixon Cory , Lundquist Julie K. , Jacob Jamey D. , Elston Jack , Waugh Sean , Brus David , Steiner Matthias 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) observations from the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation–A Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) field campaign were assimilated into a high-resolution configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The impact of assimilating targeted UAS observations in addition to surface observations was compared to that obtained when assimilating surface observations alone using observing system experiments (OSEs) for a terrain-driven flow case and a convection initiation (CI) case observed within Colorado’s San Luis Valley (SLV). The assimilation of UAS observations in addition to surface observations results in a clear increase in skill for both flow regimes over that obtained when assimilating surface observations alone. For the terrain-driven flow case, the UAS observations improved the representation of thermal stratification across the northern SLV, which produced stronger upvalley flow over the eastern half of the SLV that better matched the observations. For the CI case, the UAS observations improved the representation of the pre-convective environment by reducing dry biases across the SLV and over the surrounding terrain. This led to earlier CI and more organized convection over the foothills that spilled outflows into the SLV, ultimately helping to increase low-level convergence and CI there. In addition, the importance of UAS capturing an outflow that originated over the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and triggered CI is discussed. These outflows and subsequent CI were not well captured in the simulation that assimilated surface observations alone. Observations obtained with a fleet of UAS are shown to notably improve high-resolution analyses and short-term predictions of two very different mesogamma-scale weather events.
Update on Nonoperative Management of the Injured Spleen
Authors: Harfouche Melike N. , Dhillon Navpreet K. , Feliciano David V. 
Published: July 2022

Despite significant interest in trauma to the spleen over the past 130 years, splenectomy remained the preferred approach to splenic injures in children till the late 1950s and even later in adults. With recognition of the immunologic importance of the spleen and improvements in diagnostic imaging and angioembolization, there are now four pathways for the child or adult admitted with a possible, likely, or diagnosed injury to the spleen. These include the following: (1) operation with splenectomy; (2) operation with splenorrhaphy or partial splenectomy; (3) nonoperative management (observation); and (4) nonoperative management with splenic arteriography and possible angioembolization. This review will focus on the latter two options.
What do Incoming University Students Believe About Open Science Practices in Psychology?
Authors: Beaudry Jennifer L. , Williams Matt N. , Philipp Michael C. , Kothe Emily J. 
Published: July 2022

Background Understanding students’ naive conceptions about the norms that guide scientific best practice is important so that teachers can adapt to students’ existing understandings. Objective We examined what incoming undergraduate students of psychology believe about reproducibility and open science practices. Method We conducted an online survey with participants who were about to start their first course in psychology at a university ( N = 239). Results When asked to indicate how a researcher should conduct her study, most students endorsed several open science practices. When asked to estimate the proportion of published psychological studies that follow various open science practices, participants’ estimates averaged near 50%. Only 18% of participants reported that they had heard the term “replication crisis.” Conclusion Despite media attention about the replication crisis, few incoming psychology students in our sample were familiar with the term. The students were nevertheless in favour of most open science practices, although they overestimated the prevalence of some of these practices in psychology. Teaching Implications Teachers of incoming psychology students should not assume pre-existing knowledge about open science or replicability.
Right Superior Frontal Gyrus Cortical Thickness in Pediatric ADHD
Authors: Hai Tasmia , Swansburg Rose , Kahl Cynthia K. , Frank Hannah , Stone Kayla , Lemay Jean-François , MacMaster Frank P. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: We investigated the right Superior Frontal Gyrus (right-SFG) and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in children with ADHD and their clinical relevance with Executive Function (EF) and ADHD symptom severity. Methods: About 26 children with ADHD and 24 typically developing children (TDC; 7‒16 years) underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and completed an EF assessment battery. Results: Significantly thinner right-SFG in the ADHD group was found compared to the TDC group ( t (48) = 2.81, p = .007, Cohen’s d = 0.84). Linear regression models showed that 12.5% of inattention, 13.6% of hyperactivity, and 9.0% of EF variance was accounted for by the right-SFG thickness. Conclusions: Differences in the right-SFG thickness were found in our ADHD group and were associated with parent ratings of inattentive and hyperactive symptoms as well with EF ratings. These results replicate previous findings of thinner right-SFG and are consistent with the delayed cortical maturation theory of ADHD.
Ophthalmic histiocytic lesions (diseases of the L group): A multicenter clinicopathological study of 18 cases and review of literature
Authors: Alzahem Tariq , Alkatan Hind M , Maktabi Azza MY , Alsulaiman Naif , Cruz Antonio Augusto V 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) are rare histiocytic disorders in the L (Langerhans) group diseases. They range from self-limited benign diseases to lethal disseminated forms. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia and Brazil. Histopathological records were searched for all patients diagnosed with ocular and periocular histiocytic disorders from January 1993 to December 2018. Histopathological slides and medical files were reviewed for data collection and simple analysis of demographics, clinical manifestations, and management. The relevant literature is reviewed. Results Twenty-two eyes of 18 patients with biopsy-proven histiocytic disorders in the L group were included. Female-to-male ratio was 1.25:1. Average age at presentation was 14 years (range, 1–54). LCH was diagnosed in 14 eyes, while eight eyes had ECD. All LCH cases were unilateral and confined to the bone as cases of eosinophilic granuloma (EG), while patients with ECD were bilateral. Commonest presentations in EG and ECD were eyelid swelling (85.7%) and periocular xanthomas (75%), respectively. Orbit was involved in 100% of EG cases, with bony erosion in 54.5%. Relevant systemic involvement was found in 100% of ECD and 21% of EG cases. Surgical intervention was needed in 16 of the 22 eyes (72.7%). All EG and 25% of patients with ECD required surgical excision. Conclusions Histiocytic disorders are a rare group of diseases, including the L group. Relevant systemic associations require specific and selective therapy. A high clinical index and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential for the proper evaluation and management of these patients.