bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Pre and Posttreatment Inclination of Maxillary Incisors in Adults
Authors: Assi Samar Bou , Macari Anthony , Hanna Antoine , Aybout Josephine , Salameh Ziad 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study is to evaluate the orthodontic treatment effect on maxillary incisors’ inclination relative to facial and growth axes in adult subjects.

Materials and Methods:
Hundred consecutive nongrowing orthodontic patients with an average age of 26.24 ± 9.29 years were selected, and their T1 (initial) and T2 (final) lateral cephalograms were digitized. Cephalometric maxillary incisors’ (I) inclination was measured to SN, PP, NA, NBa, and true horizontal (H). Facial and growth axes’ inclinations were measured relative to NBa and H. Associations were tested using Chi-square tests for categorical data. Paired sample t-tests and Pearson's correlation were computed for continuous data.

Results:
Maxillary incisors’ inclination, MP/SN, and ANB angle did not show statistically significant differences between T1 and T2, while mandibular incisors’ inclination and interincisal angle increased significantly (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Facial and growth axes increased at T2 but changes were not statistically significant among the two groups. At T1, correlations between maxillary incisors’ inclination and facial/growth axes were not statistically significant. Similarly, correlations between MP/SN and ANB angles on the one hand and facial/growth axes on the another hand were not statistically significant. At T2, I/PP correlated significantly with facial axis (FA)/NBa (r = 0.308; P = 0.002) and with FA/H (r = 0.268; P = 0.007). Similarly, I/SN and I/NBa correlated significantly with FA/NBa (r = 0.399; P < 0.0001 and r = 0.422; P < 0.0001 correspondingly) and with FA/H (r = 0.305; P = 0.002 and r = 0.325; P = 0.001 correspondingly). Statistically significant negative correlations existed between MP/SN angle and facial/growth axes at T2 (r values ranging −0.704 to −0.409 at P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
While there was no correlation between I and facial/growth axes at pretreatment, significant and higher correlations existed at the end of the orthodontic treatment. This association reflects the connection between the corrected posttreatment position of maxillary incisors relative to the corresponding vertical pattern. Therefore, orthodontists should evaluate the position of the maxillary incisors to FA and may consider it in their treatment objectives.
Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms
Authors: Suwartini Tien , Santoso Jessica , Widyarman Armelia Sari , Ratnasari Dina 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Complete eradication of root canal pathogens cannot be predictably achieved by chemomechanical preparation and root canal disinfection. Therefore, an obturation material that has superior antimicrobial activity and sealing ability is required to inactivate residual microbes and prevent them from reentering the root canal system. Recently developed bioceramic root canal sealers are hydraulic cement which form calcium hydroxide during the hydration process. Like calcium hydroxide sealers, they exert an antimicrobial effect by releasing hydroxyl ions and increasing the pH.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of a calcium hydroxide-based sealer and two bioceramic sealers against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans biofilms.

Materials and Methods:
The sealers were dissolved in sterile saline to obtain supernatants. Biofilm formation assays, colony counting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each supernatant. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
All sealers exerted effects against all three microbial biofilms. The biofilm formation assays showed that the bioceramic sealers were more effective against P. gingivalis and E. faecalis biofilms. In contrast, colony counting and real-time PCR showed that the calcium hydroxide sealer was significantly more effective than the bioceramic sealers. All tests showed that the calcium hydroxide sealer was more effective against C. albicans, with the colony count and real-time PCR results showing statistically significant differences.

Conclusion:
The calcium hydroxide-based sealer was more effective than the bioceramic sealers in eradicating pathogenic root canal biofilms.
Mandibular Teeth as Predictors in Forensic Age Estimation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Pulp Volume Regression Study
Authors: Rathore Akshay , Puri Nidhi , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Kirandeep , Singh Bikramjeet , Singh Shivangi 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Age estimation is integral to science of forensic odontology and plays an important role in human identification. Pulp volume estimation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to derive age can be very useful as it is noninvasive and can be applied on individuals of all ages.

Aims and Objectives:
The study aimed to estimate the chronological age-based pulp and tooth volume (PTV) ratios in adults from Uttar Pradesh, India, using CBCT and voxel counting dental software.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six CBCT scans were allocated into three Groups, I, II, and III (12 in each group) randomly to study the pulp volume of lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar, respectively. PTV was calculated by image segmentation method using Xelis Dental software. A correlation between chronological age with PTV was established using derived regression equations.

Statistical Analysis:
All the data were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0.

Results:
Estimated age and standard error were determined. Standard errors of estimates were 11.24 years (LI), 7.78 years (C), 9.89 years (PM) group, lowest being for canines. The estimated age was compared with the chronological age. The difference between the chronological age and the estimated age by the derived equation for the present study was statistically nonsignificant (P = 1.00).

Conclusions:
The results of the study show the feasibility of calculation of PTV ratios on CBCT to estimate the age for the set population with canine as the best predictor of age for the present study population.
Evaluation of Dentin Remineralization with Zinc Oxide and Calcium Fluoride Nanoparticles – An In vitro Study
Authors: Ahalya P. , Uloopi KS , Vinay C , RojaRamya Kakarla Sri , Alla RamaKrishna , RangaRaju P 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Partially demineralized dentin is remineralizable when mineral ions are made available in the near vicinity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have wide applications in remineralization process. Zinc promotes remineralization and has a synergistic effect when combined with fluoride. Hence, zinc oxide and calcium fluoride NPs were considered for dentin remineralization.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralizing ability of zinc oxide and calcium fluoride NPs on demineralized dentin individually and in combined form.

Settings and Design:
This was an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-eight dentin disks were prepared from the crowns of 12 extracted human molars and were allocated into four groups of 12 each, i.e., Group I – nano zinc oxide (nZnO), Group II – nano calcium fluoride (nCaF2), Group III – combined group (nZnO + nCaF2), and Group IV – artificial saliva (AS, control group). The specimens were demineralized with 37% phosphoric acid and placed in the respective remineralizing solutions for 24 h and 1 month. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) uptake was measured using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and structural changes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Statistical Analysis:
One-way analysis of variance, Student’s t-test, and post hoc Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
At 1-month interval, all the groups showed an increase in Ca/P ratio, with highest being the combined group (4.24), followed by nCaF2 (3.30), nZnO (1.71), and AS (1.31) groups, and these differences were statistically significant (P = 0.000). On SEM analysis of dentinal samples at 1 month, depositions were evident in intertubular regions, wherein the highest deposits were observed in the nZnO group, followed by nZnO + nCaF2 and nCaF2 groups.

Conclusion:
Dentin samples subjected to remineralization with aqueous solutions of nZnO and nCaF2 showed an increase in calcium and phosphorous uptake and also dense granular depositions were evident in intertubular regions of dentin.
Microbiota of Dental Abscess and their Susceptibility to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Judith M Jemima , Aswath Nalini , Padmavathy Kesavaram 
Published: November 2022

Context:
Resistant pathogens to purulent odontogenic infections have evolved due to misuse of antibiotics. Hence, it is important to use a suitable antibacterial agent.

Aim:
This study aimed to identify the common bacterial species causing odontogenic infections and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility profile to amoxicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, azithromycin, and linezolid.

Settings and Design:
This was an in vitro cross-sectional study.

Material and Methods:
Fifty pus samples from odontogenic abscess were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed as per the standard microbiological procedures.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Binomial test and Pearson's Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Out of the 50 samples cultured, 30 samples showed growth. The distribution of growth among the 30 samples was Gram-positive cocci (n = 23, 67.65%) and Gram-negative bacilli (n = 11, 32.35%). Gram-positive isolates that were grown were Enterococcus faecalis (38.24%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.41%) and Gram-negative bacilli that were isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.71%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.82%), Escherichia coli (5.88%), and Enterobacter (2.94%). Enterococcus isolates were highly susceptible to amoxicillin (76.92%). An increase in the zone of inhibition to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid was appreciated more for Staphylococcus (50%) than Enterococcus (30.76%). Enterococcus and Staphylococcus showed high susceptibility of 92.31% and 90% to linezolid, respectively. E. coli and Enterobacter were 100% susceptible to amoxicillin. All the Gram-negative bacteria except for P. aeruginosa were 100% highly susceptible to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid.

Conclusions:
Culture-guided antibiotic prescriptions are necessary to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Vitamin D Levels and Antenatal Complications in Pregnant Nigerian Igbo Women
Authors: Brian-D Adinma Joseph Ifeanyi , Ahaneku Joseph Eberendu , Adinma Echendu Dolly , Ugboaja Joseph Odilichukwu , Oguaka Victor Nwabunwanne , Adinma-Obiajulu Nneoma Dolores , Edet Mark Matthew 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Serum levels of Vitamin D have been linked to some complications in pregnancy such as diabetes mellitus and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). While some studies suggest inverse relationship between serum Vitamin D levels and poor pregnancy outcomes, others report a J-shaped (curvilinear) or U-shaped relationship.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to determine the relationship between serum Vitamin D and some selected pregnancy complications among pregnant Nigerian Igbo women.

Subjects and Methods:
A prospective, cross-sectional study conducted on 256 consecutive consenting antenatal women in Anambra state, Southeastern Nigeria. Maternal blood obtained was assayed for 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 using high-pressure liquid chromatography. A pro forma was used to elicit information with respect to the biosocial characteristics of the subjects. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23, and the relationship between Vitamin D levels and antenatal complications was determined using Chi-square at P < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval being considered statistically significant.

Results:
The overall results showed that no participant had hypovitaminosis D. It also showed that there is maximum safe limit for serum Vitamin D beyond which the prevalence of hypertensive disorders/preeclampsia, preterm labor, and PROM rises. However, higher serum Vitamin D appears to be protective against clinical and laboratory-diagnosed malaria and malaria parasitemia. The study showed an inverse relationship between the degree of malaria parasitemia and serum Vitamin D levels.

Conclusion:
Despite the importance of Vitamin D in both skeletal and extra-skeletal health, there appears to be a safe upper limit. Therefore, Vitamin D supplementation should be reserved for proven cases of hypovitaminosis in pregnancy, especially in our locality where there is abundance of sunshine and low prevalence of hypovitaminosis D.
AN ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE ERRORS IN ESSAY WRITINGS COMMITTED BY SOPHOMORES AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Sang Nguyen Thai Hoai , Thu Nguyen Au Minh , Chi Nguyen Ngoc Lan , Luan Nguyen Hoai 
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the common sentence structure errors and the source of those errors, focusing on the four types of sentences such as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. The data source for this study was collected from 80 writings composed by EFL second-year students. Simultaneously, the researchers designed an interview to explore the causes of errors, from which some resolutions were proposed. The findings revealed that there were seven (7) types of errors in terms of sentence structure: (1) Dangling Modifier, (2) Squinting Modifier, (3) Illogical Sentence, (4) Fragmented Sentence, (5) Run-on Sentence, (6) Inappropriate Coordinating Conjunction, and (7) Inversion of Subject-Verb. Those errors were caused by mother tongue influence, teaching approaches and materials, lack of grammatical knowledge and others. This research contributes to the discipline of linguistics by giving out several possible solutions that can help learners to prevent in their compositions.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0954/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
TAIWAN’S BILINGUAL NATION POLICY 2030: CONCERNED ISSUES AND SUGGESTIONS / 2030年國家雙語政策之重要問題與建議
Authors: Ngangbam Shantikumar Meetei 
Published: November 2022

<p>Since the inception of the new “Bilingual Nation Policy 2030” by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan, it has raised debates and concerns among people. Opinions of scholars and laymen on the new bilingual nation policy issues have been published. But so far, no local or international research papers have been published on how the people of Taiwan perceived it. The present quantitative research investigates the perceptions of people on issues such as if the policy is necessary for every Taiwanese, if the policy will neglect the local languages, if the policy can be achieved by 2030, if enough English teaching hours can be added, if enough budget can be invested, if enough trained teachers can be hired, if non-English major teachers can teach both in English and Mandarin medium by 2030, and what challenges the policy might face on its path. For this purpose, the researcher distributed a self-designed questionnaire including seven questions in which, 171 participants took part. Main findings: 55% of participants think the new policy is necessary for everyone, while 14% of them think the policy will neglect the local languages. However, only 11% of participants believe the policy can be achieved by 2030. 22% and 11% of participants respectively think Taiwan government can add enough English teaching hours and invest enough money. While 14% of participants think Taiwan government can hire enough trained teachers, and 77% of them think the policy will face many challenges like insufficient budget, lack of trained teachers and lack of equipment.</p><p>自從教育部提出“2030年雙語國家”政策以來，人們對此話題的辯論和關注程度突然升高。針對新的雙語政策，不論來自專家或是民間，各界已經發表了他們對這議題的意見。針對島內民眾對政策的觀感如何，直到目前為止，國內外還沒有學術論文的發表。本文採用量化研究，調查一般民眾對雙語政策的觀感，例如：該政策是否人人都需要它?會不會排擠母語？能不能在2030年達成雙語國家的目標?能不能增加足夠的英語教學時數? 能不能挹注充裕的經費？訓練有素的教師足夠嗎? 不是英語本科的老師們，能不能在2030年之前，同時具備母語與外語的授課能力？在施行的過程當中，可能會發生的什麼問題或挑戰?研究的目的，經由筆者親身設計的問卷，一共七題，由171名受訪者填寫完畢。主要發現如下：（一）有55%的受訪者認人人需要雙語政策，其中也有14%的受訪者也認為它會排擠母語。（二）只有11%受訪者相信該政策可能於2030年達成目標。（三）分別有22%與11%受訪者認為政府可能增加足夠的英語教學時數，與挹注充足的經費。（四）雖然有14%的受訪者認為政府可能聘用足夠的訓練有素的老師們，也有77%的受訪者認為該政策的實施將會面臨預算不足、缺乏培訓的教師，設備不足等諸多挑戰。</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0569/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, AND HEBREW COLOR IDIOMS
Authors: Tali Kigel 
Published: November 2022

The metaphorical acquisition is a necessary element of L2 acquisition for intercultural communication. English and Russian color idioms were the subjects of numerous studies but the contrastive study of color idioms in these three languages and the investigation of Hebrew color idioms are new in the linguistics of color. The work is a summary of the project ”Contrastive Analysis of English, Russian, and Hebrew Color Idioms” consisting of eight articles that conducted contrastive quantitative and qualitative analyses about 2500 (1,100 English, 800 Russian, and 600 Hebrew) idioms with basic color terms in addition of gold and silver idioms. In the framework of the lingua-cultural approach, have been used a set of linguistic methods such as component, qualitative, statistical, contrastive, and cultural-linguistic analysis. The work covered such issues as equivalents, unique metaphors, and idioms with both primary and secondary basic color terms. The article analyzed the associative chains of meanings, the key symbolic meanings, and the 20-21st century color idioms. Special attention was paid to such lexical-semantic features of color idioms such as antonymy, synonymy, variability, and ethnic color idioms. To convey a variety of concepts, a unified systematized table of three parts with wide and flexible classification was created: Nature, Human activity, and Mental, Moral, and Ethic Issues. The results reveal a big number of equivalent color idioms and a significant number of unique color idioms contributing to enriching and widening the lingua-cultural picture of the world and related to the nature, religion, and culture of trilingual speaking communities.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0528/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Acessibilidade metropolitana e produção territorial: um anel viário para o mercado imobiliário na Região Metropolitana de Natal/RN
Authors: Costa do Nascimento Rodrigo , Ferreira Dantas George Alexandre , Bezerra Faria Trigueiro Edja 
Published: November 2022

Este artigo visa compreender como a recente formação de um anel viário em parte da Região Metropolitana de Natal (Rio Grande do Norte) impactou na dinâmica imobiliária, em área de consolidação do bairro de Lagoa Nova (Natal/RN) e de expansão do município de São Gonçalo do Amarante. Na primeira, em constante transformação urbana, preços de imóveis – principalmente apartamentos – tem se elevado conforme dilatação do núcleo global ou conjunto de vias mais acessíveis da cidade. A outra, com características de espraiamento urbano, tem sofrido, nos últimos anos a gradual elevação de preços fundiários, após ampliação das conexões viárias que dão acesso ao novo aeroporto internacional Aluízio Alves. Através desses dois recortes passam eixos que se somam a um anel viário metropolitano influente nas tendências de fluxos e movimentos intraurbanos entre os dois municípios, em especial após conclusão do acesso sul para o novo aeroporto. Como método usa-se a Sintaxe do Espaço para aferir, mediante medidas de integração (centralidade) e atravessamento (choice), como os níveis de acessibilidade metropolitana da malha urbana dão respostas ao processo de precificação – para mais ou para menos – se apresentando como instrumento de análise da valorização imobiliária.
A random forest model to assess snow instability from simulated snow stratigraphy
Authors: Mayer Stephanie , van Herwijnen Alec , Techel Frank , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Modeled snow stratigraphy and instability data are a promising source of information for avalanche forecasting. While instability indices describing
the mechanical processes of dry-snow avalanche release have been implemented into snow cover models, there exists no readily applicable method that
combines these metrics to predict snow instability. We therefore trained a random forest (RF) classification model to assess snow instability from
snow stratigraphy simulated with SNOWPACK. To do so, we manually compared 742 snow profiles observed in the Swiss Alps with their simulated
counterparts and selected the simulated weak layer corresponding to the observed rutschblock failure layer. We then used the observed stability test
result and an estimate of the local avalanche danger to construct a binary target variable (stable vs. unstable) and considered 34 features
describing the simulated weak layer and the overlying slab as potential explanatory variables. The final RF classifier aggregates six of these
features into the output probability Punstable, corresponding to the mean vote of an ensemble of 400 classification trees. Although the
subset of training data only consisted of 146 profiles labeled as either unstable or stable, the model classified profiles from an independent
validation data set (N=121) with high reliability (accuracy 88 %, precision 96 %, recall 85 %) using manually predefined weak
layers. Model performance was even higher (accuracy 93 %, precision 96 %, recall 92 %), when the weakest layers of the profiles were
identified with the maximum of Punstable. Finally, we compared model predictions to observed avalanche activity in the region of Davos for
five winter seasons. Of the 252 avalanche days (345 non-avalanche days), 69 % (75 %) were classified correctly. Overall, the results of our
RF classification are very encouraging, suggesting it could be of great value for operational avalanche forecasting.
Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative
Authors: Wilson Katie , Montgomery Lucy , Neylon Cameron , Huang Chun-Kai (Karl) , Handcock Rebecca N. 
Published: November 2022

In the current era of worldwide competition in higher education, universities are caught up in market processes that encourage compliance with the measurement systems applied by world university rankings. Despite questions about the rankings’ methodologies and data sources, universities continue to adopt assessment and evaluation practices that require academic researchers to publish in sources indexed by the major commercial bibliographic databases used by world rankings. Building on a critique of the limited bibliometric measures and underlying assumptions of rankings, the Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative interdisciplinary research project aggregates and analyses scholarly research data including open access output from multiple open sources for more than 20,000 institutions worldwide. To understand who is creating knowledge and how diversity is enacted through the transmission of knowledge we analyse workforce demographic data. In this article, we discuss the project’s rationale, methodologies and examples of data analysis that can enable universities to make independent assessments, ask questions about rankings, and contribute to open knowledge-making and sharing. Expanding on our presentation to the LIBER Online 2021 Conference, we discuss collaboration with academic libraries and other scholarly communication stakeholders to develop and extend the open knowledge project.