bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia in patients with sarcoidosis: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample database (2002–2018)
Authors: Tan Jian Liang , Jin Chengyue , Lee Justin Z. , Gaughan John , Iwai Sei , Russo Andrea M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionData on utilization, major complications, and in‐hospital mortality of catheter ablation (CA) for sarcoidosis‐related ventricular tachycardia (VT) are limited. We sought to determine the outcomes of sarcoidosis‐related VT, and incidence and predictors of complications associated with the CA procedure.MethodsWe queried the 2002–2018 National Inpatient Sample database to identify patients aged ≥18 years with sarcoidosis admitted with VT. A 1:3 propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis was used to compare patient outcomes between CA and medically managed groups. Multivariable regression was performed to determine independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality and procedural complications associated with the CA procedure.ResultsOf 3220 sarcoidosis patients with VT, 132 (4.1%) underwent CA. Patients who underwent CA were younger, male predominant, more likely Caucasian, had differences in baseline comorbidities including more likely to have heart failure, less likely to have prior myocardial infarction, COPD, or severe renal disease, had a higher mean household income, and more likely admitted to a larger/urban teaching hospital. After PSM, we examined 106 CA cases and 318 medically managed cases. There was a trend toward a lower in‐hospital mortality rate in the CA group when compared to the medically managed group (1.9% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.08). The most common complications were pericardial drainage (5.3%), postoperative hemorrhage (3.8%), accidental puncture periprocedure (3.0%), and cardiac tamponade (2.3%). Independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality and procedural complications among the CA group included congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–104.2) and mild to moderate renal disease (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1–13.3).ConclusionsCompared to patients with sarcoidosis‐related VT who received medical therapy alone, those who underwent CA have a trend for a lower mortality rate despite procedure‐related complications occurring as high as 9.1%. Additional studies are recommended to better evaluate the benefits and risks of VT ablation in this group.
Dofetilide use is not associated with increased mortality in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wann Daniel G. , Medoff Brent S. , Mehdi Noor‐ul‐huda A. , Sezer Ahmet , Thoma Floyd W. , Mulukutla Suresh , Bhonsale Aditya , Estes NA Mark , Saba Samir , Jain Sandeep K. ,   and other members of the UPMC Study Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), however, many antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) are contraindicated. US guidelines recommend avoiding pure class III antiarrhythmics such as dofetilide in patients with significant LVH due to concern for an increased risk of death, however, clinical data is lacking. We sought to determine if dofetilide use was associated with increased mortality in patients with LVH.MethodsPatients ≥18 years of age with AF and LVH ≥ 1.4 cm were included. A group of patients treated with dofetilide and a control group of patients without a history of AAD use were propensity matched. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at 3 years and secondary outcomes were total number of all‐cause hospitalizations and hospitalizations related to AF.ResultsThere were 359 patients in each of the groups. Baseline variables were well‐matched. The primary outcome of all‐cause mortality occurred in 7% of patients in the dofetilide group and 12% of patients in the control group (hazard ratio: 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–1.53). Total all‐cause hospitalizations were higher in the control group but hospitalizations for AF were no different.ConclusionsIn a propensity‐matched cohort of 718 patients with AF and LVH, dofetilide was not associated with increased mortality at 3 years. Our study adds to prior data demonstrating the safety of dofetilide in this population despite guideline recommendations against its use. Given the limited options for AF management in LVH patients, dofetilide may be reasonable for symptomatic AF management.
Impact of different activation wavefronts on ischemic myocardial scar electrophysiological properties during high‐density ventricular tachycardia mapping and ablation
Authors: Lima da Silva Gustavo , Cortez‐Dias Nuno , Nunes Ferreira Afonso , Nakar Elad , Francisco Raquel , Pereira Mariana , Moreno Javier , Martins Raphaël P. , Pinto Fausto J. , de Sousa João 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionScar‐related ventricular tachycardia (VT) usually results from an underlying reentrant circuit facilitated by anatomical and functional barriers. The later are sensitive to the direction of ventricular activation wavefronts. We aim to evaluate the impact of different ventricular activation wavefronts on the functional electrophysiological properties of myocardial tissue.MethodsPatients with ischemic heart disease referred for VT ablation underwent high‐density mapping using Carto®3 (Biosense Webster). Maps were generated during sinus rhythm, right and left ventricular pacing, and analyzed using a new late potential map software, which allows to assess local conduction velocities and facilitates the delineation of intra‐scar conduction corridors (ISCC); and for all stable VTs.ResultsIn 16 patients, 31 high‐resolution substrate maps from different ventricular activation wavefronts and 7 VT activation maps were obtained. Local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVAs) were found in VT isthmus, but also in noncritical areas. The VT isthmus was localized in areas of LAVAs overlapping surface between the different activation wavefronts. The deceleration zone location differed depending on activation wavefronts. Sixty‐six percent of ISCCs were similarly identified in all activating wavefronts, but the one acting as VT isthmus was simultaneously identified in all activation wavefronts in all cases.ConclusionFunctional based substrate mapping may improve the specificity to localize the most arrhythmogenic regions within the scar, making the use of different activation wavefronts unnecessary in most cases.
The endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin attenuates axon degeneration in murineGuillain‐Barrésyndrome
Authors: McGonigal Rhona , Cunningham Madeleine E. , Smyth Duncan , Chou Michael , Barrie Jennifer A. , Wilkie Andrew , Campbell Clare , Saatman Kathryn E. , Lunn Michael , Willison Hugh J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAxon degeneration accounts for the poor clinical outcome in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), yet no treatments target this key pathogenic stage. Animal models demonstrate anti‐ganglioside antibodies (AGAb) induce axolemmal complement pore formation through which calcium flux activates the intra‐axonal calcium‐dependent proteases, calpains. We previously showed protection of axonal components using soluble calpain inhibitors in ex vivo GBS mouse models, and herein, we assess the potential of axonally‐restricted calpain inhibition as a neuroprotective therapy operating in vivo. Using transgenic mice that over‐express the endogenous human calpain inhibitor calpastatin (hCAST) neuronally, we assessed distal motor nerve integrity in our established GBS models. We induced immune‐mediated injury with monoclonal AGAb plus a source of human complement. The calpain substrates neurofilament and AnkyrinG, nerve structural proteins, were assessed by immunolabelling and in the case of neurofilament, by single‐molecule arrays (Simoa). As the distal intramuscular portion of the phrenic nerve is prominently targeted in our in vivo model, respiratory function was assessed by whole‐body plethysmography as the functional output in the acute and extended models.hCASTexpression protects distal nerve structural integrity both ex and in vivo, as shown by attenuation of neurofilament breakdown by immunolabelling and Simoa. In an extended in vivo model, while mice still initially undergo respiratory distress owing to acute conduction failure, the recovery phase was accelerated byhCASTexpression. Axonal calpain inhibition can protect the axonal integrity of the nerve in an in vivo GBS paradigm and hasten recovery. These studies reinforce the strong justification for developing further animal and human clinical studies using exogenous calpain inhibitors.
Linalool: A ubiquitous floral volatile mediating the communication between plants and insects
Authors: Zhang Ling , Su Qia‐Fan , Wang Liang‐Sheng , Lv Meng‐Wen , Hou Yi‐Xuan , Li Shan‐Shan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTerpenoids, one of the most important plant volatiles, mediate the communication between plants and pollinators, herbivores as well as pathogens. Recently, researchers have shown intensive interest in the complicated interactions. Linalool, an acyclic monoterpene, is one of the common flavor‐related volatiles across the plant kingdom. In this review, we summarized the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of terpenoids, and then focused on the biological function of linalool in plant–insect interactions. We found that flowers emitting linalool as the dominant volatile appeal to broad assemblages of pollinators, while some pollinators typically have strong preferences for these flowers as well. Hereinto, moths and bees are the main pollinators of linalool‐dominant flowers. Additionally, linalool produced by plants could defend against insect pests and pathogens. It is noteworthy that the two enantiomers of linalool have distinct functions. (S)‐(+)‐linalool mainly attracts pollinators, while (R)‐(−)‐linalool seems to act as insect repellents. Further research on the biofunctional diversity and genetic mechanisms of linalool enantiomers will reveal the complexity of plant survival strategies, and the increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation will provide theoretical foundation and practical basis for directional transformation of plants.
Protein acylation links metabolism and the control of signal transduction, transcription regulation, growth, and pathogenicity in Actinobacteria
Authors: Peng Zhi‐Yao , Fu Yu , Zhao Liu‐Chang , Dong Yu‐Qi , Chen Zong‐Qin , You Di , Ye Bang‐Ce 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActinobacteria have a complex life cycle, including morphological and physiological differentiation which are often associated with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Recently, increased interest in post‐translational modifications (PTMs) in these Gram‐positive bacteria has highlighted the importance of PTMs as signals that provide functional diversity and regulation by modifying proteins to respond to diverse stimuli. Here, we review the developments in research on acylation, a typical PTM that uses acyl‐CoA or related metabolites as donors, as well as the understanding of the direct link provided by acylation between cell metabolism and signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, cell growth, and pathogenicity in Actinobacteria.
Oral lichen planus clinician reported outcome measure: Development, content validity, and further development
Authors: Brennan Michael T. , Riordain Richeal Ni , Long‐Simpson Leslie , Bissonnette Caroline , Lizano Marcela , Madsen Lars Siim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo establish and test a clinician‐reported outcome measure of oral lichen planus (OLP): OLP Investigator global assessment (IGA).MethodsOLP IGA scale was tested with retrospective data from clinical practice and a phase II clinical trial. A comparison of the OLP IGA score with patient‐reported outcomes was completed.ResultsClinical Practice: The mean (SD) OLP IGA score (0–4) in 107 OLP patients was 1.8 (1.0) with correlation of 0.25–0.48 (p value 0.01 – <0.0001) with symptom scores. There was a significant increase in OLP symptoms based on OLP IGA score.Clinical Trial: The mean (SD) OLP IGA score in 137 research participants was 2.5 (1.2) with correlation of 0.43–0.52 (all p values <0.0001) with symptoms scores. There was a significant increase in OLP symptoms based on OLP IGA score. Forty‐seven (35%) participants in the phase 2 study had an improvement in the OLP IGA score of ≥2. There were significant improvements in all symptoms scores in relation to the change in IGA score.ConclusionsThe OLP IGA is designed to assess changes in symptomatic OLP lesions and is appropriate for use across the full range of symptomatic OLP severity and represents a scale with utility in clinical practice and clinical trials.
Development of extrahepatic bile ducts and mechanisms of tumorigenesis: Lessons from mouse models
Authors: Tomita Hiroyuki , Hara Akira 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe biliary system is a highly branched tubular network consisting of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs) and extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDs). IHBDs are derived from hepatic progenitor cells, while EHBDs originate directly from the endoderm through a separate branching morphogenetic process. Traits that are important for cancer are often found to overlap in developmental and other processes. Therefore, it has been suggested that intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (eCCAs) have different developmental mechanisms. While much evidence is being gathered on the mechanism of iCCAs, the evidence for eCCA is still very limited. The main reason for this is that there are very few appropriate animal models for eCCA. We can gain important insights from these animal models, particularly genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). GEMMs are immunocompetent and mimic human CCA subtypes with a specific mutational pattern, allowing the development of precancerous lesions, that is, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). This review provides a summary of the pathogenesis and mechanisms of eCCA that can be revealed by GEMMs. Furthermore, we discuss several clinical questions, such as whether BilIN and IPNB really become malignant, whether the peribiliary gland is the origin of eCCAs, and others.
Plasma membrane proteomic changes of ArabidopsisDRP1E during cold acclimation in association with the enhancement of freezing tolerance
Authors: Watanabe Etsuko , Kondo Mariko , Kamal Md Mostafa , Uemura Matsuo , Takahashi Daisuke , Kawamura Yukio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe freezing tolerance of plants that live in cold regions increases after exposure to low temperature, a process termed cold acclimation (CA). During CA, restructuring of the plasma membrane (PM) is important to enhance freezing tolerance. We have previously shown that the function of DYNAMIN‐RELATED PROTEIN 1 E (DRP1E), which regulates endocytosis by pinching vesicles from the PM, is associated with the enhancement of freezing tolerance during CA in Arabidopsis. DRP1E is predicted to play a role in reconstituting the PM composition during CA. In this study, to test the validity of this hypothesis, we studied the changes in PM proteome patterns induced by drp1e mutation. In a detailed physiological analysis, after 3 days of CA, only young leaves showed significantly less increase in freezing tolerance in the mutant than in the wild type (WT). Using nano‐liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, 496 PM proteins were identified. Among these proteins, 81 or 71 proteins were specifically altered in the WT or the mutant, respectively, in response to CA. Principal component analysis showed that the proteomic pattern differed between the WT and the mutant upon cold acclimation (CA), suggesting that DRP1E contributes to reconstruction of the PM during CA. Cluster analysis revealed that proteins that were significantly increased in the mutant after CA were biased toward glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins, such as fasciclin‐like arabinogalactan proteins. Thus, a primary target of DRP1E‐associated PM reconstruction during CA is considered to be glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins, which may be removed from the PM by DRP1E in young leaves after 3 days of CA.
Bureaucratic politics, innovation compatibility, and the dynamic diffusion of subnational decentralization reforms in China
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Yang Hongshan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the widely recognized significance of policy attributes in explaining innovation diffusion, limited research has emphasized the underlying endogenous mechanisms dictating the construction of innovation attributes. This study points out that bureaucratic politics could dynamically shape an innovation's compatibility with the potential adopters and its diffusion likelihood. Based on the subnational decentralization reforms in China, we note that compared to administrative and fiscal decentralization, political decentralization is less likely to generate personal gains and more likely to negatively affect the career prospects of local officials in a layer‐by‐layer personnel management system. Therefore, the study speculates that political decentralization reforms have a lower level of compatibility, consequently reducing its diffusion likelihood among local governments. We confirmed our theoretical expectations by conducting an in‐depth case study of the top‐down diffusion of three types of “Province‐Managing‐County Reforms” among 102 counties in China's Henan Province (2004–2021).
A Diagnostic Framework for the Bradley–Terry Model
Authors: Wu Weichen , Niezink Nynke , Junker Brian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pairwise comparison data are widely seen in the social sciences, criminology, perception, genetics, bibliometrics, zoology, sports analytics and other fields, and the Bradley–Terry model is among the most commonly used to analyse such data. In this paper, we propose a framework of diagnostics for this class of models, developing diagnostics for both the objects being compared and the subjects making the comparisons. We illustrate the proposed framework in two survey data sets.
Predictors of Becoming not in Education, Employment or Training: A Dynamic Comparison of the Direct and Indirect Determinants
Authors: Gladwell Daniel , Popli Gurleen , Tsuchiya Aki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper uses a dynamic latent factor model to investigate the determinants of not in education, employment or training (NEET) status among adolescents in the United Kingdom. We bring together within one framework various determinants of NEET status, such as educational achievements, non-cognitive skills, family socio-economic factors, aspirations, mental health and local labour market conditions. We model the educational progress over multiple periods through the life of the young person, up to the completion of compulsory schooling. By taking into account this progression, we can determine the direct and indirect impacts of different determinants of NEET status, and the stage in the life of the young person at which each determinant is important. Our findings suggest that cognitive ability (as measured by educational achievements) remains the key predictor of NEET status. Further, while a range of individual and family factors determines NEET status, the impact of most of these factors is largely indirect, through ability formation and not necessarily direct. To gauge the relative contributions of various determinants, we conduct simulations to predict the probability of the young person being NEET under different scenarios and assumptions. The exercise indicates that the effects of aspirations of the young person, their school engagement, and the local youth unemployment rate on the likelihood of the young person being NEET are as large as boosting their cognitive skills.
Supplemental Material: Identifying sources of non-unique detrital age distributions through integrated provenance analysis: An example from the Paleozoic Central Colorado Trough
Authors: Smith T.M. , al. et 
Published: November 2022

<p>Item A: Details for methods and results. Item B: Detrital zircon U-Pb data. Item C: Detrital zircon U-Pb data from REE analyses (for selected Cambrian grains). Item D: Igneous zircon U-Pb data from REE analyses. Item E: Detrital and igneous zircon REE data. Item F: Detrital and igneous zircon Hf isotope data. Item G. Paleocurrent data. Item H: Sandstone petrography data. Item I: Igneous zircon cathodoluminescence images. </p>
Efficacy and safety of human-derived neural stem cell in patients with ischaemic stroke: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xie Chong , Wang Kan , Peng Jing , Jiang Xianguo , Pan Shuting , Wang Liping , Wu Yifan , Guan Yangtai 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionStroke is the most common cause of neurological disability in adults worldwide. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has shown promising results as a treatment for stroke in animal experiments. The pilot investigation of stem cells in stroke phase 1 and phase 2 trials showed that transplantation of the highest dose (20 million cells) was well tolerated. Preliminary clinical benefits have also been observed. However, the trials were open-label and had a small sample size. Furthermore, human NSCs (hNSCs) were intracerebrally implanted, and some serious adverse events were considered to be related to the surgical procedure. Therefore, we plan to conduct a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial to test the safety and efficacy of intranasal injection of hNSCs.Methods and analysisThis single-centre, randomised, double-blinded, parallel-controlled trial will be conducted in China. Sixty patients with ischaemic stroke who met the qualification criteria will be randomly divided into two groups: the NSCs and control groups. All participants will receive intranasal administration of hNSCs or placebo for 4 consecutive weeks. Patients will be followed up at baseline and at 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks after intervention. The primary outcome is the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (4, 12, 24 weeks after intervention). Secondary outcomes include the modified Rankin scale, Barthel index, Mini-Mental State Examination score (4, 12, 24 weeks after intervention) and cranial MRI changes (24 and 48 weeks after intervention). All adverse events will be recorded during the study period.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ren Ji Hospital (2018-009). All subjects will provide informed consent. The results will be accessible in peer-reviewed publications and will be presented at academic conferences.Trial registrationChiCTR1900022741; Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.