bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A network pharmacology-based approach to explore mechanism of action of medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment
Authors: Leem Jungtae , Jung Wonmo , Park Hi-Joon , Kim Kyuseok 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHair loss is one of the most common skin problems experienced by more than half of the world's population. In East Asia, medicinal herbs have been used widely in clinical practice to treat hair loss. Recent studies, including systematic literature reviews, indicate that medicinal herbs may demonstrate potential effects for hair loss treatment. In a previous study, we identified medical herbs used frequently for alopecia treatment. Herein, we explored the potential novel therapeutic mechanisms of 20 vital medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment that could distinguish them from known mechanisms of conventional drugs using network pharmacology analysis methods. We determined the herb-ingredient–target protein networks and ingredient-associated protein (gene)-associated pathway networks and calculated the weighted degree centrality to define the strength of the connections. Data showed that 20 vital medicinal herbs could exert therapeutic effects on alopecia mainly mediated via regulation of various target genes and proteins, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) subtypes, ecto-5-nucleotidase (NTE5), folate receptor (FR), nicotinamideN-methyltransferase (NNMT), and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT). Findings regarding target genes/proteins and pathways of medicinal herbs associated with alopecia treatment offer insights for further research to better understand the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanism of medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment with traditional herbal medicine.
Identifying multimorbidity profiles associated with COVID-19 severity in chronic patients using network analysis in the PRECOVID Study
Authors: Carmona-Pírez Jonás , Gimeno-Miguel Antonio , Bliek-Bueno Kevin , Poblador-Plou Beatriz , Díez-Manglano Jesús , Ioakeim-Skoufa Ignatios , González-Rubio Francisca , Poncel-Falcó Antonio , Prados-Torres Alexandra , Gimeno-Feliu Luis A. ,   on behalf of the PRECOVID Group, Moreno-Juste Aida , Cano-del-Pozo Mabel , Bandrés-Liso Ana Cristina , Pico-Soler Victoria , Aza-Pascual-Salcedo Mercedes , Ara-Bardají Paula 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA major risk factor of COVID-19 severity is the patient's health status at the time of the infection. Numerous studies focused on specific chronic diseases and identified conditions, mainly cardiovascular ones, associated with poor prognosis. However, chronic diseases tend to cluster into patterns, each with its particular repercussions on the clinical outcome of infected patients. Network analysis in our population revealed that not all cardiovascular patterns have the same risk of COVID-19 hospitalization or mortality and that this risk depends on the pattern of multimorbidity, besides age and sex. We evidenced that negative outcomes were strongly related to patterns in which diabetes and obesity stood out in older women and men, respectively. In younger adults, anxiety was another disease that increased the risk of severity, most notably when combined with menstrual disorders in women or atopic dermatitis in men. These results have relevant implications for organizational, preventive, and clinical actions to help meet the needs of COVID-19 patients.
Stromal-vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cell therapies improve cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis-induced rats
Authors: Yang Wan-Ting , Ke Chun-Yen , Yeh Kuang-Ting , Huang Shyh-Geng , Lin Zi-Yang , Wu Wen-Tien , Lee Ru-Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on cartilage injury in an osteoarthritis (OA) rat model. Sodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 μL) was used to induce OA in the left knee joint of rats. On day 14 after OA induction, 50 μL of SVF (5 × 106cells), ADSCs (1 × 106 cells), or 0.9% normal saline (NS) was injected into the left knee-joint cavity of each group. The macroscopic view and histological sections revealed that the articular cartilage in the NS group was damaged, inflamed, uneven and thin, and had hyperchromatic cell infiltration. Notably, the cartilage surface had recovered to nearly normal and appeared smooth and bright on day 14 in the SVF and ADSC groups. Additionally, the white blood cell counts in the SVF and ADSC groups were higher than those in the NS group on day 14. Plasma IL-1β levels on days 7 and 14 were reduced in the SVF and ADSC groups. These results indicated that both SVF and ADSC treatments may assist in articular cartilage regeneration after cartilage injury. Cell therapy may benefit patients with OA. However, clinical trials with humans are required before the application of SVF and ADSC treatments in patients with OA.
Thermophiles and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in biofilm microbial consortia that decompose lignocellulosic plant litters at high temperatures
Authors: Liew Kok Jun , Liang Chee Hung , Lau Yee Ting , Yaakop Amira Suriaty , Chan Kok-Gan , Shahar Saleha , Shamsir Mohd Shahir , Goh Kian Mau 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe SKY hot spring is a unique site filled with a thick layer of plant litter. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to mine many new biocatalyst sequences. In this study, we aimed to (i) identify the metataxonomic of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in microbial mats using 16S and 18S rRNA markers, (ii) and explore carbohydrate degrading enzymes (CAZymes) that have a high potential for future applications. Green microbial mat, predominantly photosynthetic bacteria, was attached to submerged or floating leaves litter. At the spring head, the sediment mixture consisted of plant debris, predominantly brownish-reddish gelatinous microbial mat, pale tan biofilm, and grey-white filament biofilm. The population in the spring head had a higher percentage of archaea and hyperthermophiles than the green mat. Concurrently, we cataloged nearly 10,000 sequences of CAZymes in both green and brown biofilms using the shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach. These sequences include β-glucosidase, cellulase, xylanase, α-N-arabinofuranosidase, α-l-arabinofuranosidase, and other CAZymes. In conclusion, this work elucidated that SKY is a unique hot spring due to its rich lignocellulosic material, often absent in other hot springs. The data collected from this study serves as a repository of new thermostable macromolecules, in particular families of glycoside hydrolases.
Micro- and nanometric characterization of the celestite skeleton of acantharian species (Radiolaria, Rhizaria)
Authors: Fujimaki Rina , Suzuki Noritoshi , Kimoto Katsunori , Nagai Yukiko , Oaki Yuya , Shimode Shinji , Toyofuku Takashi , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe clarified the specific micrometric arrangement and nanometric structure of the radiolarian crystalline spines that are not a simple single crystal. A body of the celestite (SrSO4) skeleton of acantharian Acanthometra cf. multispina (Acanthometridae) composed of 20 radial spines having four blades was characterized using microfocus X-ray computed tomography. The regular arrangement of three types of spines was clarified with the connection of the blades around the root of each spine. The surface of the spines was covered with a chitin-based organic membrane to prevent from dissolution in seawater. In the nanometric scale, the mesocrystalline structure that consists of nanoscale grains having distorted single-crystal nature was revealed using scanning- and transmission electron microscopies, electron diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The acantharian skeletons have a crystallographically controlled architecture that is covered with a protective organic membrane. These facts are important for penetrating the nature of biogenic minerals.
Multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by targeting viral N, RdRP and human RP genes
Authors: Tombuloglu Huseyin , Sabit Hussein , Al-Khallaf Hamoud , Kabanja Juma H. , Alsaeed Moneerah , Al-Saleh Najat , Al-Suhaimi Ebtesam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic has brought the world to a standstill and threatened human lives. Many methods are known to date to detect this virus. Due to their relative sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays are the most frequently applied and considered the gold standard. However, due to the rapid mutation rate of the viral genome and the emergence of new variants, existing protocols need to be updated and improved. Designing a fast and accurate PCR-based assay is of great importance for the early detection of this virus and more efficient control of the spread of this disease. This study describes a fast, reliable, easy-to-use, and high-throughput multiplex SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR detection method. The assay was designed to detect two viral genes (N and RdRP) and a human gene (RP) simultaneously. The performance and the sensitivity of the assay were tested in 28 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and compared with commercial kits, which showed 100% positive percent agreement with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 1.40 and 0.81 copies/µL or 35.13 and 20.31 copies/reaction for RdRP and N genes, respectively. The current assay is found accurate, reliable, simple, sensitive, and specific. It can be used as an optimized SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assay in hospitals, medical centers, and diagnostic laboratories as well as for research purposes.
Finite‐time attitude‐orbit integrated tracking control of flexible spacecraft under input saturation
Authors: Fan Ruichao , Wu Fan , Liu Ming , Liu Ruixia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the attitude‐orbit integrated modeling and robust control of flexible spacecraft with input saturation. First, the dual‐number method is employed to describe the dynamic model of the spacecraft with the flexible appendage. Then, a fast terminal sliding mode control law is designed to stabilize the attitude‐orbit control system of the spacecraft. In addition, considering the input saturation, a time‐varying siding surface based terminal sliding mode control law is further proposed to solve the design problem. Under the designed control laws, the state trajectories of the attitude‐orbit coupled control systems can achieve to be finite‐time stable, and the reachability of the proposed sliding surface can be ensured at the same time. Finally, through numerical simulations and comparison with the conventional methods, the superiority of the proposed control strategies in convergence speed and convergence accuracy is verified, and the feasibility of engineering application is verified.
Topic scene graphs for image captioning
Authors: Zhang Min , Chen Jingxiang , Li Pengfei , Jiang Ming , Zhou Zhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen describing an image, people can rapidly extract the topic from the image and find the main object, generating sentences that match the main idea of the image. However, most of the scene graph generation methods do not emphasise the importance of the topic of the image. Consequently, the captions generated by the scene graph‐based image captioning models cannot reflect the topic in the image then expressing the central idea of the image. In this paper, we propose a method for image captioning based on topic scene graphs (TSG). Firstly, we propose the structure of topic scene graphs that express images' topics and the relationships between objects. Then, combined with the topic scene graph, we utilise the salient object detection to generate the topic scene graph highlighting the salient objects of the image. Note that our framework is agnostic to any scene graph‐based image captioning model and thus can be widely applied in the community which seeks salient object predictions. We compare the performance of our topic scene graph with the state‐of‐the‐art scene graph generation models and mainstream image captioning models on MSCOCO and Visual Genome datasets, both achieving better performance.
Robust adversarial examples against scale transformation via generative network
Authors: Liu Minjie , Zhang Xinpeng , Feng Guorui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, adversarial examples of images which are generated by adding special perturbations on their hosts make great impact on many deep neural network (DNN)‐based computer vision tasks and bring security risks. With the deep insight into this field, researchers realize that many simple image processing methods can easily reduce the attack success rate. Therefore, studies on robust adversarial examples that are able to defend destruction become the emphasis. However, most existing methods focus more on the distortion in user transmitting procedures and physical deformation such as JPEG compression and brightness. Given that scale transformation is one of the commonest measures in data transformation and enhancement, a two‐step algorithm is proposed to eliminate the effect caused by resizing during the model inferring process. The first step is to select pixels that can affect the classification result through a DNN. As a binary classification task, the network predicts whether the pixel deserves to be modified or not. The second one is to strategically compute the amplitude of noise and add it to the host image. Experiments verify that this method resists the scale transformation and guarantees the invisibility of humans as well.
IBIS-A: The IBIS data Archive
Authors: Ermolli Ilaria , Giorgi Fabrizio , Murabito Mariarita , Stangalini Marco , Guido Vincenzo , Molinaro Marco , Romano Paolo , Guglielmino Salvatore L. , Viavattene Giorgio , Cauzzi Gianna , Criscuoli Serena , Reardon Kevin P. , Tritschler Alexandra 
Published: February 2022

Context. The IBIS data Archive (IBIS-A) stores data acquired with the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectropolarimeter (IBIS), which was operated at the Dunn Solar Telescope of the US National Solar Observatory from June 2003 to June 2019. The instrument provided series of high-resolution narrowband spectropolarimetric imaging observations of the photosphere and chromosphere in the range 5800–8600 Å and co-temporal broadband observations in the same spectral range and with the same field of view as for the polarimetric data.
Aims. We present the data currently stored in IBIS-A, as well as the interface utilized to explore such data and facilitate its scientific exploitation. To this end, we also describe the use of IBIS-A data in recent and undergoing studies relevant to solar physics and space weather research.
Methods. IBIS-A includes raw and calibrated observations, as well as science-ready data. The latter comprise maps of the circular, linear, and net circular polarization, and of the magnetic and velocity fields derived for a significant fraction of the series available in the archive. IBIS-A furthermore contains links to observations complementary to the IBIS data, such as co-temporal high-resolution observations of the solar atmosphere available from the instruments onboard the Hinode and IRIS satellites, and full-disk multi-band images from INAF solar telescopes.
Results. IBIS-A currently consists of 30 TB of data taken with IBIS during 28 observing campaigns performed in 2008 and from 2012 to 2019 on 159 days. Of the observations, 29% are released as Level 1 data calibrated for instrumental response and compensated for residual seeing degradation, while 10% of the calibrated data are also available as Level 1.5 format as multi-dimensional arrays of circular, linear, and net circular polarization maps, and line-of-sight velocity patterns; 81% of the photospheric calibrated series present Level 2 data with the view of the magnetic and velocity fields of the targets, as derived from data inversion with the Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector code. Metadata and movies of each calibrated and science-ready series are also available to help users evaluate observing conditions.
Conclusions. IBIS-A represents a unique resource for investigating the plasma processes in the solar atmosphere and the solar origin of space weather events. The archive currently contains 454 different series of observations. A recently undertaken effort to preserve IBIS observations is expected to lead in the future to an increase in the raw measurements and the fraction of processed data available in IBIS-A.
Testing the accretion scenario of λ Boo stars
Authors: Alacoria J. , Saffe C. , Jaque Arancibia M. , Angeloni R. , Miquelarena P. , Flores M. , Veramendi M. E. , Collado A. 
Published: February 2022

Context. The existence of a group of λ Boo stars has been known for years, however, the origin of its chemical peculiarity is still a matter of debate.
Aims. Our aim is to test the accretion scenario of λ Boo stars. This model predicts that in a binary system with two early-type stars passing through a diffuse cloud, both stars ought to display the same superficial peculiarity.
Methods. Via spectral synthesis, we carried out a detailed abundance determination of three multiple systems hosting a candidate λ Boo star: the remarkable triple system HD 15164/65/65C and the two binary systems HD 193256/281 and HD 198160/161. The stellar parameters were initially estimated using Strömgren photometry or literature values and then refined by requiring excitation and ionization balances for Fe lines. The abundances were determined iteratively for 24 different species by fitting synthetic spectra using the SYNTHE program together with local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) ATLAS12 model atmospheres. Specific opacities were calculated for each star, depending on its arbitrary composition and microturbulence velocity, υmicro, through the opacity sampling method. The abundances of the light elements C and O were corrected by non-LTE effects. The complete chemical patterns of the stars were then compared to those of λ Boo stars.
Results. The abundance analysis of the triple system HD 15164/65/65C shows a clear λ Boo object (HD 15165) and two objects with a near-solar composition (HD 15164 and 15165C). Notably, the presence of a λ Boo star (HD 15165) together with a near-solar early-type object (HD 15164) is difficult to explain under the accretion scenario. Also, the solar-like composition derived for the late-type star of the system (HD 15165C) could be used, for the first time, as a proxy for the initial composition of the λ Boo stars. This could help to constrain any model of λ Boo stars formation – not only the accretion scenario. The abundance analysis of the binary system HD 193256/281 shows no clear λ Boo components, while the analysis of HD 198160/161 shows two mild-λ Boo stars. Then, by carefully reviewing the abundance analysis of all known binary systems with candidate λ Boo stars from literature and including the systems analyzed here, we find no binary or multiple system having two clear bona fide λ Boo stars, as would expected from the accretion scenario. The closest candidates to exhibiting two λ Boo-like stars are the binary systems HD 84948, HD 171948, and HD 198160; however we find that they show mild, rather than clear, λ Boo patterns.
Conclusions. We performed, for the first time, a complete analysis of a triple system that includes a λ Boo candidate. Our results brings little support to the accretion scenario of λ Boo stars. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for additional binary and multiple systems to be analyzed via a detailed abundance analysis in order to test the accretion model of λ Boo stars.
A Negative-Pressure Face-Mounted System Reduces Aerosol Spread during Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Gandham Edmond Jonathan , Goyal-Honavar Abhijit , Johnson Latif Rajesh , Gupta Ankush , Thomas Regi , Devasahayam Suresh , Prabhu Krishna , Chacko Ari George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose Due to the potential risk of COVID-19 transmission during endonasal surgery, we studied methods to reduce droplet and aerosol generation during these procedures.
Methods Droplet spread was assessed using ultraviolet light and a camera that detected fluorescence in the operative field and surgeon's personal protective equipment. Density of aerosols sized <10 µm was measured using a photometric particle counter. We designed a face-mounted negative-pressure mask placed on the patients' face during endoscopic endonasal surgery. Sixteen patients were recruited between October 2020 and March 2021 and randomly assigned to the mask and no-mask groups. We compared droplet spread and aerosols generated in both groups, with copious irrigation and continuous suction during drilling forming the mainstay of surgical technique in all cases.
Results Droplet contamination due to direct spillage of fluorescein from the syringe was noted in two patients. Aerosol density rose during sphenoid drilling in both groups, with no significant difference when continuous suction and irrigation were employed (1.27 times vs. 1.07 times the baseline, p = 0.248). Aerosol density rose significantly when suction and irrigation were interrupted in the no-mask group (44.9 times vs. 1.2 times, p = 0.028), which was not seen when the mask was used.
Conclusion Aerosol generation increases during drilling in endonasal procedures and is a concern during this pandemic. The use of a rigid suction close to the drill along with copious irrigation is effective in reducing aerosol spread. The use of a negative pressure mask provides additional safety when inadvertent blockage of suction and inadequate irrigation occur.
KDOQI 2019 Vascular Access Guidelines: What Is New
Authors: Lok Charmaine E. , Rajan Dheeraj K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe new Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Vascular Access Guidelines have a patient focus for comprehensive vascular access management. The patient's unique circumstances and individualized needs are the foundation of their dialysis access strategy, which is interlinked with the patient's End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Life-Plan. The ESKD Life-Plan is an individualized and comprehensive map for dialysis modalities and vascular access for the lifetime of the patient. New targets are introduced that align with this patient-centered approach. They are less detail prescriptive than prior vascular access guidelines, giving opportunity for vascular access management at the clinician's discretion, partly in consideration of constraints of local resources and available expertise; however, the guidelines also emphasize the importance of high-quality standards with defined targets for achieving the guideline's overarching goal for vascular access care. The guidelines made significant changes relevant to the interventionalist, including selective use of vessel mapping in planning for vascular access, choice of vascular access that allows for considering endovascular access creations, and endovascular treatment (e.g., angioplasty, stent graft insertions) based on clinical indicators found on routine clinical monitoring. To that end, preemptive angioplasty of fistulas and grafts with stenosis, not associated with clinical indicators, is not recommended. New content in these guidelines also includes the use of stent grafts and management of central venous stenosis. The new KDOQI Vascular Access Guidelines 2019 represent a rigorous review of the evidence; however, the available evidence to guide vascular access practice remains limited. There is a significant need and opportunity for new and ongoing high-quality research to inform best practice.