bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Effective Iron Based Alloys for Abrasive Wear
Authors: Maroli Barbara , Frykholm Robert , Bengtsson Sven , Höganäs Sweden 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A common method to combat abrasive wear and prolong the life of a component is to hardface the exposed region by overlay welding. State of the art coatings for these applications consist of a nickel-based ductile matrix with hard tungsten carbide particles embedded in it. An alternative with low environmental impact in combination with high performance to cost ratio is to use iron-based alloys. Critical in affecting the abrasive and impact wear resistance of these alloys is the coating quality e.g. porosity, cracks, dilution from the substrate combined with chemistry, size and volume fraction of the hard phase particles formed during solidification. Selection of the process parameters is critical for producing sound clads with expected properties. This paper focuses on the properties of PTA welded and laser cladded M2, M4 and A11 high speed steel coatings. Clad quality, hardness, abrasive wear resistance and microstructure are presented and interpreted with support of thermodynamic simulations.
Determination of the Temperature Distribution of a Substrate Exposed to a Moving Cold or Thermal Spray Heat Source
Authors: Mahdavi Amirhossein , McDonald André 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional transient heat conduction model was developed to evaluate analytically the surface temperature profile of substrates that were exposed to the impingement of a moving time-dependent heat source such as a cold spray nozzle or thermal spray torch. The estimated surface temperature profile was compared to the experimental results of the surface temperature of an aluminium substrate under impingement of a moving air jet generated by a low-pressure cold spray system. Close agreement between the analytical model and the experimental data was found. It was also found that the velocity of the moving heat source significantly affected both the profile and maximum temperature of the substrate. A non-dimensional characteristic velocity was defined and considered to take into account the effect of the velocity of the moving heat source, to broaden the application of the model to a wide range of materials and conditions. It was found that as the non-dimensional characteristic velocity increased, the thermal energy that was conducted into the substrate decreased. It was concluded that, with knowledge of the characteristic velocity, the analytical model was capable of predicting the spatial and temporal surface temperature of the substrate exposed to a moving heat source produced by spray nozzles and torches.
Preparation of Functional, Compositionally Graded Metal Oxide Films via the Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process
Authors: Yu Zexin , Liu Meimei , Moliere Michel , Liao Hanlin , Moussa Hatem , Schneider Raphaël , Wang Weize 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The results accumulated up to now by a number of research works tend to show that a single metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) cannot achieve the multiple objective required to make an efficient photocatalytic system, which includes not only the light response, but also the photochemical stability and the avoidance of the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. Mixing different MOS is considered a promising strategy as it induces beneficial synergistic effects. In this work, we have developed an original method to prepare compositionally graded films that are active in photodegradation applications. The selected compositionally graded films are the CuO-ZnO and CeO2-ZnO pairs that were deposited via the Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) process. Various composition gradients were achieved using different modes of injection of the precursor solutions, generating distinct “film configurations”. We characterized the resultant films by SEM and XRD. We determined the corresponding optical bandgap energies through UV-Vis adsorption spectrometry. Then we evaluated the photocatalytic performances of these CuO-ZnO and CeO2-ZnO films through the photodegradation of aqueous solutions of the Orange II dye. The CeO2-ZnO-M films proved capable of degrading almost entirely the Orange II dye within 2 hours, under UV light. Finally, we discuss the correlation between the various film configurations and their photodegradation efficiency. This exploratory work tackles the relatively novel field represented by the use of compositionally graded oxide films for enhanced photochemical reactivity and stresses the effectiveness and versatility of the SPPS technique for the preparation of a large variety of photocatalytic films.
Influence of Aluminum Oxide Grit Reuse on Surface Preparation and Bond Strength of Thermally Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Odake Samantha Mayumi Zanella , Sucharski Gustavo Bavaresco , Paredes Ramón Sigifredo Cortés , Fernandes Irene Bida de Araujo Siqueira , Vaz Rodolpho Fernando 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thermally sprayed coatings rely on mechanical anchoring as the main bond mechanism, which depends on previous surface preparation, i.e. cleaning, roughening and preheating. In this work, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) grit was used to blast surfaces in order to show the influence of the abrasive reuse on the decrease in granulometry, surface roughness, cleanliness and consequently on the coating adhesion strength. SEM images illustrate the difference in grain sizes and EDS was used to study the contamination of the abrasive with the substrate elements. To understand the granulometry reduction, the samples were blasted and after each cycle the abrasive was classified with different sieves, and then the mass was measured. The abrasive was mixed and the process was repeated for five cycles. Sa, Sz, Ssk and Sku were the parameters chosen for the roughness characterization and were compared to the grain size decrease, showing a significant correlation between them. Lastly, the adhesion strength of the coatings was measured according to ASTM-C633 and compared to both the roughness and blast cycle. The results show that a small fraction of abrasive with finer grit reduces the roughness significantly. However, the adhesion strength was not affected.
The Effects of Impurities on The Properties of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Xiaojuan Ji , Yueguang Yu , Deming Zhang , Yujie Li , Haoran Peng , Wei’ao Hou 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lowering the impurity content in the thermal barrier coating has the effect of improving the high temperature stability and service life. SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and Fe2O3 are several common low melting point oxide impurities in the YSZ (Yttria- Stabilized Zirconia) top coatings, and they all have some influence on the performance of the coatings. But there is no quantitative research on the relationship between impurity content and the properties of the coatings. In this paper, YSZ spraying materials with SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 with the content changing from less than 0.01wt% to 1wt% were designed. The bond coatings were all NiCoCrAlY and were prepared by HVOF (High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel). The top coatings were prepared by APS (Atmospheric Plasma Spraying). The microstructure, phase structure and thermal shock resistance of the above coatings were investigated. The results showed that the increase of oxide impurity content was more prone to thermal shock failure. It shows that the oxide impurity has a significant influence on the properties of YSZ coating.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Al Matrix Composites via Cold Spray Deposition
Authors: Xie Xinliang , Chen Chaoyue , Xie Yingchun , Liao Hanlin , Tan Zhanqiu , Li Zhiqiang , Ji Gang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For fabrication of high strength carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced Al matrix composites, the uniform dispersion, strong interface bonding and high structural integrity of CNTs have been regard as the three most important issues. In this work, two distinct approaches, namely high shear dispersion (HSD) and shift-speed ball milling (SSBM), were applied to disperse CNTs (1.5 wt.%) into pure Al powders. These two kinds of CNTs/Al composite powders as well as pure Al powders (as comparison) were deposited onto stainless steel plates under the same processing parameters. The deposition efficiency, microstructure, as well as the structural integrity of CNTs in the coatings produced from different starting powders were comparatively investigated. According to the XRD and Raman analysis, the brittle Al4C3 phase was not formed in both CNTs/Al composite coatings. Some structural damages of CNTs were found in both composite coatings, especially the one fabricated from HSD composite powder. The dispersion of CNTs onto Al particle surfaces by HSD approach did not achieve significant strengthening effect on the composite coatings, but adversely affect the metallic bonding of the particles. The microhardness of CNTs/Al composite coating produced from SSBM powders reached to ~115 HV0.1, showing a significant improvement compared to the pure Al coating. The strengthening mechanisms of the cold sprayed CNTs/Al composite coatings were also investigated.
Potential New Application for VLPPS Process as an Additive Manufacturing Device
Authors: Darut Geoffrey , Niederhauser Aymeric , Jaccoud Bertrand , Sigrist Martin , Mock Elmar , Planche Marie Pierre , Liao Hanlin , Montavon Ghislain 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing offers the ability to produce complex parts or shapes by layer based printing method using 3D modeling software equipment. Among the different technologies, 3D Printing and Rapid Prototyping are well established. However, thermal spraying makes a contribution towards this field as Cold Spray for repairing metal components. VLPPS and PS-PVD are both thermal spray processes using plasma technology in a very low-pressure controlled atmosphere. These conditions allow to obtain different precursor states: molten and/or vapor. As a result, the microstructure of the coating is unique in the community (lower scale elements, pore architecture) and the properties are improved. Furthermore, vapor phase of metal can react with some gases to generate oxides or nitrides. Another opportunity presented in this study is the ability of this vapor phase to fill mold. The objective is to demonstrate that VLPPS process can be employed as an additive manufacturing device to create well-defined objects.
The Design of Readable Arc Spray Alloys For Boilers Using Big Data Techniques
Authors: Cheney Justin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thermal spray materials used in power generation applications are required to function within a challenging array of requirements. The coatings must be applied over typically large surface areas cost effectively, the coating must be resistant to extreme erosion and/or corrosion, the coatings must function at high temperatures and, if possible, the thickness of the coatings should be readable with standard equipment such as an Elcometer gauge. Simultaneously meeting all these requirements and advancing the alloy technology is a daunting if not impossible task if done via experiments alone or through scientific intuition. However, the design of new alloys which must possess a variety of attributes simultaneously is well suited for big data techniques. The calculation of millions of alloys and advanced data mining techniques help to quickly identify the best alloy for the application. This paper details how this process was used to design Metco 8294, a proprietary alloy. Metco 8294 is unique in that it is a Fe-based alloy of high hardness, coating adhesion, and erosion resistance, and is readable in the as-sprayed condition and after high temperature exposure.
Development and Investigations of Special DC-Plasma Generator “Penta”
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan , Szulc Michal , Schein Jochen , Müller-Roden Karin , Schmengler Christian , Wank Andreas , Zierhut Jochen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to the growing application fields, the development of plasma generators has become increasingly important in recent years. Nowadays, DC-plasmas used for a plethora of coatings on metallic surfaces, metallization of plastic materials, surface cleaning and activation, plasma welding and spacecraft propulsion systems. The use of plasma generators for surface coating has grown enormously in the field of thermal insulation and wear-resistant coatings, especially with regard to deposition of refractory oxide ceramic layers using powders such as aluminum oxide, alumina / titania, zirconia and chromium oxide. In addition, for the plasma-assisted surface treatment, generators for both wide extended planar surfaces, as well as structures that are more complex have designed and industrially established. Nonetheless, new plasma sources still developed to provide more-efficient, tailor-made solutions due to their specific characteristics. Within this paper, a brief overview of the new innovative development of DC-plasma generator “Penta” shown. Thereby the special setup, first diagnostic results, including coatings, presented and discussed. The paper concludes with an outlook for future diagnostic measurements and possible future applications for this DC-plasma torch.
Bacillus sp.–Triggered Biocorrosion of Arc Sprayed Aluminum Coatings in Artificial Seawater
Authors: Abdoli Leila , Liu Yi , He Xiaoyan , Li Hua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thermal sprayed marine coatings in the marine environment usually encounter chloride-induced corrosion and microbiologically induced corrosion. Formation of microbial biofilm is crucial for subsequent attachment of large fouler and understanding the initiation and growth of the biofilm is essential for possibly controlling the occurring of biofouling. This paper reports the formation of Bacillus sp. bacterial biofilm on arc sprayed aluminum coatings and its effect on the corrosion behaviors of the coatings. Results show fast and pronounced attachment and colonization of the bacteria on aluminum coatings. The bacterial biofilm was systematically examined by CLSM, FESEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical assessment revealed that the aluminum coating immersed in the bacteria-containing media showed higher corrosion resistance than the sterile samples. A model was proposed to explain how the microorganisms and their metabolic by-products protect the coatings against penetration of corrosive media. The results would give insight into design and fabrication of thermal sprayed coatings for enhanced anti-biocorrosion performances in the marine environment.
Influence of Spray Pattern on Residual Stresses and Coating Properties of Arc-Sprayed Aluminum Bronzes Sprayed with Different Gas Mixtures
Authors: Hauer M. , Banaschik R. , Krömmer W. , Henkel K.-M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The alloys CuAl9Ni5Fe4Mn and CuMn13Al8Fe3Ni2 were arc-sprayed with a spiral-shaped pattern in this work, using both pressurized air and a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. Process temperatures were recorded by thermographic imaging and residual stresses were measured by modified hole-drilling method. Moreover, analyses of the cavitation erosion behavior and other properties were carried out. It was found that a change in the spray pattern can strongly reduce residual stresses and material loss by cavitation erosion.
Evaluation of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Deposition Process on Erosion and Abrasion Resistance of Tungsten Carbide Coatings
Authors: Lamana Murilo Sérgio , Pukasiewicz Anderson Geraldo Marenda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Erosion and abrasion are both wear processes in which a particle that strikes the surface removes material, either by impact (erosion) or contact (abrasion). These wear processes can cause damages to components, which can be protected by coatings to reduce the damage occurrence. Thermally sprayed coatings are considered candidates for a protective system against abrasion and erosion. The HVOF spray process is one of the most used thermal spray processes due to the ability of producing dense coatings, with good values of hardness and toughness. Among the materials used in thermally sprayed coatings, WC-Co based coatings are often used, as it offers a combination of high hardness, toughness and adherence, which can provide a good wear resistance. In this work, the influence of different HVOF process parameters, specifically the type of fuel used, on the residual stresses and properties of these coatings was studied. It was noted that coatings deposited by HVOF with kerosene liquid fuel, presented lower porosity, compared with coatings deposited by gas fuel. It was also observed that the coatings with lower porosity provide a better abrasion resistance, meanwhile the erosion was controlled by toughness for 30° and higher hardness for 60° of impact angle.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC DAMAGE FROM THE FULL-SCALE MILITARY INVASION OF russia IN UKRAINE
Authors: Blahopoluchna A. H. , Liakhovska N. O. , Parakhnenko V. H. 
Published: October 2022

. The impact of wars on the environment is always adverse, regardless of whether it is caused by direct military action or strategic countermeasures. The overall environmental damage caused by a particular war is the result of many factors and is often multidimensional, as water bodies, forests, air, soils, and all living organisms are affected.
During the five months of the war, our country suffered enormous environmental damage. It will take decades to restore Ukrainian nature. Today, active hostilities are taking place in the south of Ukraine in nature conservation steppes with unique ecosystems, which will take at least 50 years to restore. Among the objects of the nature reserve fund of the Mykolaiv Oblast that suffered due to the war, there are sections of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, the Regional Landscape Park "Kinburnska Kosa" and the National Nature Park "Biloberezhya Svyatoslav". Even in the first days of the war, Russian troops entered the Kinburn Peninsula, after which fires broke out that threatened the existence of rare species of flora and fauna. In addition, large populations of animals and plants were so exterminated by numerous explosions throughout the territory of Ukraine that we may now lose them forever and irrevocably.
Today, 2.5 million hectares of Europe's nature conservation network are under threat of destruction due to the actions of the russian federation. These are 160 objects of the Emerald Network - territories of existence of species and habitats protected at the pan-European level. And there are 17 Ramsar sites with an area of ​​627.3 thousand hectares - wetlands of international importance.
Master’s Student 3++: Portrait and New Requests
Authors: Burkova I. N. 
Published: October 2022

The exclusion of Russia from the Bologna process led to large-scale discussions in society about the future of the Russian magistracy. The implementation of master’s education raised questions throughout 29 years of its existence. Society has developed a perception of magistracy as a problem area of higher education. Thus, when the question arose about the advisability of developing a master’s programs after Russia’s exit from the European Higher Education Area, the majority formed their opinion: no magistracy – no problems. However, objective data allow us to see the situation in the different perspective.The paper presents the result of a study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of students of the domestic master’s programs from 2012 to 2020. Based on the analysis, the main trends in changing the profile of Russian master’s students have been identified. The tasks relevant to the development of the institute of the Russian magistracy are outlined with a focus on a portrait of today’s master’s student.The analysis shows that the magistracy has firmly occupied the niche formed in recent years for the training and retraining of specialists. It has become an independent institution of higher education with its own goals, objectives, resources and, most importantly, with its own contingent. The magistracy has a small inertia in response to the emerging challenges of society. Because of that the magistracy increases its demand every year. At the same time, its self-sufficiency rises.The magistracy has been long and hard embedded into the Russian traditions of education. Finally, it has found its place. The factors considered in the study allow us to speak about the high potential for the Russian magistracy development.The data and conclusions presented in the study can serve as the basis for a scientific discussion about the future of domestic education.
Comparison of the effects of deadlift versus back squat on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction
Authors: Shiba Junpei , Kuramochi Rieko , Tokutake Gaku , Enoki Shota , Nakamura Yuta , Kotoh Yuki 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: An advantage that deadlift (DL) has over back squat (BSQ) is that the latter requires additional equipment (i.e., squat rack). Accordingly, if DL can lead to positive effects on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction, DL could present as a more practical training exercise than that of BSQ. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of DL and BSQ on jumping, acceleration, and change of direction. METHODS: Twenty-three men (12 in the DL group [age: 20.3 [Formula: see text] 1.4 years old, height: 169.6 [Formula: see text] 6.7 cm, body weight: 65.7 [Formula: see text] 11.2 kg] and 11 in the BSQ group [age: 20.2 [Formula: see text] 1.9 years old, height: 171.5 [Formula: see text] 4.8 cm, body weight: 70.1 [Formula: see text] 6.8 kg]) participated in this study. The participants performed five repetitions maximum (RM) of DL and BSQ, and the isokinetic strength of hip joint extension, muscle thickness of the gluteus maximus and hamstrings, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, 10 m sprint time, and T-test results were measured. The 1RM was estimated using the 5RM and normalized to body weight (BW). Both groups performed supervised DL and BSQ training for eight sessions. RESULTS: There were significant improvements on 1RM DL/BW ([Formula: see text] 0.01), 1RM BSQ/BW ([Formula: see text] 0.01), and 10 m sprint ([Formula: see text] 0.01) in the two groups. The effect sizes [Formula: see text] of the DL and BSQ groups were 2.01 and 1.04 for 1RM DL/BW, 1.08 and 2.08 for 1RM BSQ/BW, 0.35 and 0.11 for CMJ height, and [Formula: see text]0.94 and [Formula: see text]0.54 for 10 m sprint, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DL training might improve jumping and acceleration compared to those of BSQ training.
California’s experience with SMA newborn screening: A successful path to early intervention
Authors: Matteson Jamie , Wu Cindy H. , Mathur Deepika , Tang Hao , Sciortino Stanley , Feuchtbaum Lisa , Bishop Tracey , Sharma Sudhir C. , Neogi Partha , Fitzgibbon Ina , Olney Richard S. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Universal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) newborn screening was implemented in California on June 24, 2020. Objective: We describe California’s experience with the first 18 months of SMA newborn screening, including our assay methodology, timeliness of screening and follow-up milestones, and clinical and epidemiological outcomes observed. Methods: Dried blood spots are screened for SMA using multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect deletions of exon 7 in the survival of motor neuron 1 ( SMN1) gene. Short-term follow-up data is collected from clinical staff via an online data collection tool. Results: In the first 18 months, 628,791 newborns from California’s diverse population were tested for SMA. Thirty-four screened positive and were confirmed to have the disorder. Infants were referred, diagnosed, and treated at a median of 8, 12, and 33 days of life, respectively. Nearly all infants received the desired treatment modality, and 62% received treatment while still asymptomatic. Conclusions: SMA newborn screening is a highly sensitive and specific test which identifies infants with SMA early when treatment is most effective. Even with newborn screening’s success in facilitating early intervention, there is still work to be done to expedite treatment, especially for infants with the most severe form of the disease.