bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional roles of taurine, L-theanine, L-citrulline, and betaine during heat stress in poultry
Authors: Uyanga Victoria Anthony , Oke Emmanuel O. , Amevor Felix Kwame , Zhao Jingpeng , Wang Xiaojuan , Jiao Hongchao , Onagbesan Okanlawon M. , Lin Hai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeat stress (HS) is an important environmental stress factor affecting poultry production on a global scale. With the rise in ambient temperature and increasing effects of global warming, it becomes pertinent to understand the effects of HS on poultry production and the strategies that can be adopted to mitigate its detrimental impacts on the performance, health, welfare, immunity, and survival of birds. Amino acids (AAs) have been increasingly adopted as nutritional modifiers in animals to ameliorate the adverse effects of HS. They are essential for protein synthesis, growth, maintenance, reproduction, immunity, stress response, and whole-body homeostasis. However, HS tends to adversely affect the availability, transport, absorption, and utilization of these AAs. Studies have investigated the provision of these AAs to poultry during HS conditions, and variable findings have been reported. Taurine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline are non-essential amino acids that are increasingly gaining attention as nutritional supplements in HS animals. Similarly, betaine is an amino acid derivative that possesses favorable biological properties which contributes to its role as a functional additive during HS. Of particular note, taurine is negligible in plants, while betaine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline can be found in selected plants. These nutrients are barely found in feed ingredients, but their supply has been shown to elicit important physiological roles including anti-stress effects, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, gut promoting, and immunomodulatory functions. The present review provides information on the use of these nutritionally and physiologically beneficial nutrients as functional additives to poultry diets during HS conditions. Presently, although several studies have reported on the positive effects of these additives in human and murine studies, however, there is limited information regarding their utilization during heat stress in poultry nutrition. Therefore, this review aims to expound on the functional properties of these nutrients, their potentials for HS alleviation, and to stimulate further researches on their biological roles in poultry nutrition.
Validity and reliability of performance tests as balance measures in patients with total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sarac Devrim Can , Unver Bayram , Karatosun Vasfi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate validity and reliability of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Single Leg Stance Test (SLST), 2 Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5xSST) for evaluating balance in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study included 41 participants who had undergone TKA 6 months before the study due to osteoarthritis. Participants performed the TUG, 10MWT, SLST, 5xSST, and 2MWT. Each of the tests was performed twice, with a 1-day interval between tests. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models were used to determine the test–retest reliability. The level of correlations between performance tests and Berg Balance Scale and Fall Efficacy Scale-International were used to establish concurrent and convergent validity of the performance tests, respectively.

Results
The mean age of the subjects was 64.07 ± 10.57 years. All tests showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.94), excluding SLST that demonstrated good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.72). All of the tests (SLST, 10MWT, 5xSST, 2MWT, TUG) were found to have good validity (rho > 0.704).

Conclusions
According to these results, TUG, 10MWT, SLST, 5xSST, and 2MWT are reliable and valid outcome measures in patients with TKA, and could be used to assess balance after TKA surgery.
The use of tantalum cones and diaphyseal-engaging stems in tibial component revision: a consecutive series
Authors: Spinello P. , Thiele R. A. Ruberte , Zepeda K. , Giori N. , Indelli P. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Revision knee arthroplasty presents a number of challenges, including management of bone loss. The goal in managing moderate to large bone defects is fixation that is sufficient enough to allow early weight-bearing. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical technique and clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients treated with porous tantalum metaphyseal cones in combination with long uncemented diaphyseal-engaging stems to manage tibial bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Materials and methods
Thirty-six aseptic revision TKAs were performed at our institution between 2016 and 2019 by two senior authors. A single trabecular metal tantalum cone combined with a long (100 or 155 mm) press fit, diaphyseal-engaging stem was used in all cases to reconstruct metaphyseal bone defects and to augment tibial fixation. Cemented stems were excluded. The tibiofemoral angle was measured along the tibial and femoral shaft axes on the weight-bearing anteroposterior radiograph at final follow-up (range 15–56 months). All clinical and surgical complications, reoperations, and revisions of any component were recorded. Survivorship free of revision was evaluated at the time of the latest follow-up.

Results
The mean Knee Society Score (KSS) and Knee Society Function Score (KSS-F) improved significantly from 29.7 points preoperatively (range 11–54 points) to 86 points (range 43–99 points) and from 20.4 points preoperatively (range 0–55 points) to 72.3 points (range 30–90 points) (p < 0.05), respectively. Eleven tibial constructs (30.5%) had incomplete, nonprogressive radiolucent lines (≤ 2 mm). All tibial cones demonstrated osteointegration. One patient underwent a full revision for periprosthetic joint infection, and survivorship free of any component revision was 91.7% at final follow-up.

Conclusions
Hybrid fixation with uncemented diaphyseal-engaging stems and porous tantalum metaphyseal cones resulted in radiographic lack of osteolysis, good clinical outcomes, and survivorship of 91.7% at a median follow-up of 33 months when considering all-cause revision as the endpoint.
Effects of chirality and inhomogeneous growth on the morphology of plant tendril
Authors: Zhao Hui-Chuan , Bian Li-Chun , Zhang Tao , Dong Jia-Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
By controlling the growth rate, biomaterials with chiral microstructure can produce nonuniform prestress and then form chiral morphologies, such as twisted biological filaments, while it is not clear how the chiral microstructure of biomaterials affects the formation and movement of its macro chiral morphologies under the action of uneven prestresses. In this work, a double-layered composite beam model considering the chiral microstructure of biological materials based on experimental observations is established. The influences of inhomogeneous growth and chiral microstructure on the formation of the chiral morphologies of tendrils are considered as a typical example and discussed in detail. The results show that the macro chiral phases of plant tendrils provide a remarkable dependence on their chiral microstructures.
Periodic solution of the time-space fractional Sasa-Satsuma equation in the monomode optical fibers by the energy balance theory
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Liu Jing-Hua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zhang and Wang developed the periodic solution of the time-space fractional Sasa-Satsuma equation by an ancient Chinese algorithm in EPL, 137 (2022) 62001. In this letter, a new method called the energy balance theory (EBT) is used to study the problem. This theory offers a promising approach by constructing the variational principle and the Hamiltonian for the problem. As anticipated, the solution obtained by the EBT is the same as the solution obtained in the above-mentioned EPL paper, which strongly verifies the effectiveness and reliability of the EBT. Finally, graphical simulations of the solution with different fractional orders are presented in the form of 2-D and 3-D surfaces. The discovery of this work is expected to contribute to the study of periodic solutions of the partial differential equations arising in optics.
A constitutively expressed fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI) in axolotls for studying tissue regeneration
Authors: Duerr Timothy J. , Jeon Eun Kyung , Wells Kaylee M. , Villanueva Antonio , Seifert Ashley W. , McCusker Catherine D. , Monaghan James R. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Regulation of cell cycle progression is essential for cell proliferation during regeneration following injury. After appendage amputation, the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) regenerates missing structures through an accumulation of proliferating cells known as the blastema. To study cell division during blastema growth, we generated a transgenic line of axolotls that ubiquitously expresses a bicistronic version of the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI). We demonstrate near-ubiquitous FUCCI expression in developing and adult tissues, and validate these expression patterns with DNA synthesis and mitosis phase markers. We demonstrate the utility of FUCCI for live and whole-mount imaging, showing the predominantly local contribution of cells during limb and tail regeneration. We also show that spinal cord amputation results in increased proliferation at least 5 mm from the site of injury. Finally, we use multimodal staining to provide cell type information for cycling cells by combining fluorescence in situ hybridization, EdU click-chemistry and immunohistochemistry on a single FUCCI tissue section. This new line of animals will be useful for studying cell cycle dynamics using in situ endpoint assays and in vivo imaging in developing and regenerating animals.
Phthalocyanine-Based Radicals as Single-Component Molecular Conductors
Authors: Sato Ryoya , Gouchi Jun , Uwatoko Yoshiya , Matsuda Masaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A neutral radical crystal with a two-dimensional network, namely Co(Pc)Br2 (Pc: phthalocyanine) was synthesized. Additionally, intermolecular contacts between the two-dimensional sheets, leading to isotropic semiconducting behavior, were observed. Furthermore, previously reported Co(Pc)Cl2 was revealed to have a three-dimensional network with isotropic nature and exhibited a metallic nature at 8 GPa.
Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia
Authors: Harapan Harapan , Ar Royan Hibban , Tyas Islam Ing , Nadira Auda , Abdi Irham Faraby , Anwar Samsul , Husnah Milda , Ichsan Ichsan , Pranata Agung , Mudatsir Mudatsir , Syukri Maimun , Rizal Samsul , . Razali , . Hamdani , Kurniawan Rudi , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Sofyan Sarwo Edhy 
Published: March 2022

Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb) anti-SRBD in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of NAb titre was measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other plausible associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning SARS-Cov-2 NAb titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the levels of NAb titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 IU/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 IU/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with antibody anti-SRBD titre. A protective level of NAbs titres (threshold of 15 IU/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The titre of NAb anti-SRBD was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 IU/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 IU/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.
Rice straw decomposition in paddy surface water potentially reduces soil methane (CH4) emission
Authors: Van Thao Huynh , Oda Masato , Chiem Nguyen Huu 
Published: March 2022

Background: Rice cultivation is a significant methane (CH4) emission source. Rice straw (RS) incorporation into the soil is a key factor that produces higher CH4 emission. The RS waterlogging approach on the soil surface possibly reduces CH4 emission due to not being buried into the soil. However, evaluation of CH4 emission by this approach has not been determined. The objective of this study was to examine CH4 emission under RS waterlogging on surface water compared with RS incorporation into the soil. Methods: We carried out a microcosm experiment in a screen-house with two treatments, including (i) RS incorporation into the soil and (ii) RS waterlogging on the soil surface in triplicates. We compared the CH4 emissions and CH4 accumulation for the rice-growing and off-sowing periods. Yield-scaled CH4 emission was assessed based on total methane emission and rice yield. Results: The results demonstrated that RS waterlogging reduced CH4 emission by 16.9% compared to RS incorporation into the soil. During the rice-growing period, total CH4 emission from RS waterlogging accounted for 36% of the incorporation treatment. However, RS waterlogging is caused by high emissions during the off-sowing stage. The difference between yield-scaled CH4 emissions was insignificant. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the treatment of RS by waterlogging is an appropriate alternative to conventional RS practices known as incorporation, which increases greenhouse CH4 emission. However, high CH4 emission during the off-sowing period, and RS accumulation in the field are key drivers that possibly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, further evaluation is needed to determine the long-term effects of this approach.
How staying in a single room affects the experiences of haematology inpatients in an Australian cancer hospital
Authors: Bishop Emma , Miller Charne , Miller Sam , McKellar Catherine 
Published: March 2022

Background:It has been suggested that single rooms for patients improve patient dignity and privacy and reduce infection transmission, but they can be socially isolating. It is not well understood how single rooms affect long-stay patients.Aims:To understand the experience of being an inpatient in a ward with single-room design.Methods:A qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with patients (n=10) in a newly built cancer hospital with a 100% single-room haematology ward. Interviews were analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven-step analysis.Findings:Patients described their experiences of their acute stay using the concepts of privacy, isolation and independence, as well as enabling sleep. Privacy enabled patients to have their own toilet, was perceived to aid infection control and provided silence. Privacy came at a cost of isolation, but patients re-framed this as expected and necessary for self-preservation. Furthermore, they were unsure as to whether other patients would reciprocate social contact and instead relied on the healthcare team. Patients sought independence during their acute stay as it enabled them to control the environment and create a space for healing. The ability to sleep and be rested was also a critical feature of patients' stay.Conclusion:The research highlighted that haematology patients prefer single rooms. However, because they experienced isolation, it also highlighted the importance of facilitating and enabling peer support within the haematology setting.
Addressing health inequity in the UK: people who are homeless, from ethnic minority groups or LGBTQ+ communities
Authors: Heaslip Vanessa , Thompson Ruth , Tauringana Memory , Holland Sharon , Glendening Nikki 
Published: March 2022

In this article, the second of two, Vanessa Heaslip et al explores health inequity in three groups: people who are homeless, individuals from LGBTQ+ groups and ethnic minority communities Practice nurses who work in GP practices as part of the multidisciplinary team have a key role in the assessment, screening and treatment of people throughout their lives. This article, the second in the series of two, will build on the practice nurse's understanding of health inequity in three particular communities: people who are homeless, individuals from LGBTQ+ groups and ethnic minority communities. The article will also explore the role practice nurses can play in addressing poor health outcomes for individuals in these communities. This article will explore inequity in these groups by looking at four main areas: health status, access to care, quality, and experience of care and behavioural risk factors.
Reproductive health among married and unmarried mothers aged less than 18, 18–19, and 20–24 years in the United States, 2014–2019: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Fafard St-Germain Andrée-Anne , Kirby Russell S. , Urquia Marcelo L. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Studies in low- and middle-income regions suggest that child marriage (<18 years) is a risk factor for poor reproductive outcomes among women. However, in high-income-country contexts where childbearing before age 18 occurs predominantly outside marriage, it is unknown whether marriage is adversely associated with reproductive health among mothers below age 18. This study examined the joint associations of marriage and adolescent maternal age group (<18, 18–19, and 20–24 years) with reproductive, maternal, and infant health indicators in the United States.

Methods and findings
Birth registrations with US resident mothers aged ≤24 years with complete information on marital status were drawn from the 2014 to 2019 Natality Public Use Files (n = 5,669,824). Odds ratios for the interaction between marital status and maternal age group were estimated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for covariates such as maternal race/ethnicity and nativity status, federal program participation, and paternal age. Marriage prevalence was 3.6%, 13.2%, and 34.1% among births to mothers aged <18, 18–19, and 20–24 years, respectively. Age gradients in the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were present for most indicators, and many gradients differed by marital status. Among births to mothers aged <18 years, marriage was associated with greater adjusted odds of prior pregnancy termination (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.52–1.77, p < 0.001), repeat birth (AOR 2.84, 95% CI 2.68–3.00, p < 0.001), maternal smoking (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15–1.35, p < 0.001), and infant morbidity (AOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14, p = 0.03), but weaker or reverse associations existed among births to older mothers. For all maternal age groups, marriage was associated with lower adjusted odds of late or no prenatal care initiation, sexually transmitted infection, and no breastfeeding at hospital discharge, but these beneficial associations were weaker among births to mothers aged <18 and 18–19 years. Limitations of the study include its cross-sectional nature and lack of information on marriage timing relative to prior pregnancy events.

Conclusions
Marriage among mothers below age 18 is associated with both adverse and favorable reproductive, maternal, and infant health indicators. Heterogeneity exists in the relationship between marriage and reproductive health across adolescent maternal age groups, suggesting girl child marriages must be examined separately from marriages at older ages.
The relationship between fear of COVID-19, psychological well-being and life satisfaction in nursing students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tekir Özlem 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to examine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with life in nursing students.MethodsA descriptive and cross-sectional design was used in this study. The study was carried out at a university Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nursing between May 17 and June 25, 2021. The JASP 0.14.1. Software was used for statistical analysis. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the comparison of three or more groups, Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparisons of two groups, and Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U test was used for post hoc analysis. To determine the risk factors for "The Fear of COVID-19 Scale," linear regression analysis with backward stepwise modeling was used.ResultsThe mean score of the students was 18.48±6.87 from the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, 38.42±12.60 from the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and 13.12±4.97 from the Satisfaction with Life Scale. According to the results of the regression model established, independent variables explained 12.5% of the dependent variables, but the regression model established was found to be statistically significant. A one-unit increase in the satisfaction with life scale increased the fear of COVID-19 scale score by 0.224 units, and this increase was found statistically significant (p = 0.030) as a result of linear regression analysis used with backward stepwise modeling.ConclusionIn conclusion, it was found that the students’ fear of COVID-19 was below the medium level, their psychological well-being was above the medium level, and that their life satisfaction was below the medium level.