bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hourly Wages in Crowdworking: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Vrankar Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, crowdworking on online labor market platforms has become an important source of income for a growing number of people worldwide. This development has led to increasing political and scholarly interest in the wages people can earn on such platforms. This study extends the literature, which is often based on a single platform, region, or category of crowdworking, through a meta-analysis of prevalent hourly wages. After a systematic literature search, the paper considers 22 primary empirical studies, including 105 wages and 76,765 data points from 22 platforms, eight different countries, and 10 years. It is found that, on average, microtasks results in an hourly wage of less than $6. This wage is significantly lower than the mean wage of online freelancers, which is roughly three times higher when not factoring in unpaid work. Hourly wages accounting for unpaid work, such as searching for tasks and communicating with requesters, tend to be significantly lower than wages not considering unpaid work. Legislators and researchers evaluating wages in crowdworking need to be aware of this bias when assessing hourly wages, given that the majority of literature does not account for the effect of unpaid work time on crowdworking wages. To foster the comparability of different research results, the article suggests that scholars consider a wage correction factor to account for unpaid work. Finally, researchers should be aware that remuneration and work processes on crowdworking platforms can systematically affect the data collection method and inclusion of unpaid work.
Joint Application of Biological Techniques for the Remediation of Waste Contaminated with Hydrocarbons
Authors: Alves David , Villar Iria , Mato Salustiano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCleaning the oil industry's fuel storage and management facilities generates high levels of hazardous waste. This research aims to assess the use of biological bioremediation treatments, most commonly used for decontaminating soil, by applying them to hydrocarbon-contaminated waste. Turned pile composting using food-derived sludge as a co-substrate and the necessary proportion of bulking agent enabled the bioremediation of the initial mixture via the succession of microbial populations (PLFAs), with a 70% lower TPH concentration obtained 6 months after the start of the process. Subsequent bioassays using the composted material showed survival rates of over 80% with earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and a larger decrease in TPH in the joint treatment with earthworms and plants (Pennisetum clandestinum). The composting process reduces the concentration of hazardous organic compounds, allowing for the proper development of fauna and flora in the compost by improving the biodegradation rate.
Graphical Abstract
Geochemical evolution of structure-bedding controlled hydrothermal dolomites of the Kinta Valley, Western Malaysia
Authors: Hui P. Xin , Nagarajan R. , Ramkumar Mu. , Ng T. F. , Taib Nur I. , Mathew M. J. , Sautter B. , Siddiqui N. A. , Poppelreiter M. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudy of secondary dolomitization and documentation of the evolution of basinal fluids and host rock, especially that of fine-grained deepwater carbonate mudstone are of interest toward of reservoir characterization. From this perspective, field characteristics in relation to mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of the Paleaozoic carbonates of the Kinta Valley, Peninsular Malaysia, were investigated and documented. A total of 33 samples were collected across the various degree of dolomitization and analyzed for their petrographic properties (n = 55), while mineralogical and geochemical compositions (n = 33) were analyzed using XRD, ICP and ICPMS analysis, respectively. These analyses were performed to elucidate the diagenetic events, episodic dolomitization and development of fluid evolution as a function of regional tectono-thermal events during the Permian to Cenozoic. It is interpreted that the host calcareous mudstones (HCMs) were deposited in oxygenated, open marine seawaters. The studied samples retain the original seawater characteristics despite negligible, minor alterations of REE characteristics due to diagenesis and detrital input. Though the concentrations and trends of REEs of the dolomitic facies are modified to a certain extent, their affinities with HCMs are preserved. Enrichments of Mg, Mn, Na and depletion of Sr are linked to the effect of dolomitization under the open system of diagenesis. The redox conditions fluctuated to show distinct, recognizable variations between different dolomite phases. The MREE enrichments with other trace elements such as Mn, Fe and low Sr content indicate the association of diagenetic fluids with deep-circulating crustal hydrothermal fluids. Hydrothermal influence has been recorded along the fractures, which might have originated from the sub-surface litho units and facilitated episodic dolomitization, especially during significant tectono-thermal events. This study affirms that the occurrence, geochemical and mineralogical evolution of the dolomites of the Kinta Valley were controlled by magmatic events, whereas the intensity of replacement dolomitization was controlled by host rock texture, varied bulk chemistry of host rock, circulating fluid and temperature.
Analysis and Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by the Ensemble Learning Method
Authors: Wang Xiaojia , Wang Yurong , Zhang Shanshan , Yao Lushi , Xu Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common disease in pregnancy and can cause a series of maternal and infant complications. A new study shows that GDM affects one in six deliveries. Identifying and screening for risk factors for GDM can effectively help intervene and improve the condition of women and their children. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the risk factors for GDM and to use the ensemble learning method to judge whether pregnant women suffer from GDM more accurately. First, this study involves six commonly used machine learning algorithms to analyze the GDM data from the Tianchi competition, selects the risk factors according to the ranking of each model, and uses the Shapley additive interpreter method to determine the importance of the selected risk factors. Second, the combined weighting method was used to analyze and evaluate the risk factors for gestational diabetes and to determine a group of important factors. Lastly, a new integrated light gradient-boosting machine-extreme gradient boosting-gradient boosting tree (LightGBM-Xgboost-GB) learning method is proposed to determine whether pregnant women have gestational diabetes mellitus. We used the gray correlation degree to calculate the weight and used a genetic algorithm for optimization. In terms of prediction accuracy and comprehensive effects, the final model is better than the commonly used machine learning model. The ensemble learning model is comprehensive and flexible and can be used to determine whether pregnant women suffer from GDM. In addition to disease prediction, the model can also be extended for use to many other areas of research.
Inundation and Emergence at Pueblo Grande de Nevada, an Eleventh-Century Ancestral Puebloan Village
Authors: Haynes Gregory M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe development of large reservoirs in the western United States during the twentieth century inundated a diverse array of archaeological sites and other cultural resources. Land managers, cultural resource specialists, and other stakeholders have long been aware of the effects of inundation on archaeological sites, and they have sought to mitigate them by using various means at their disposal. In modern times, drought and climate change in the western United States have reduced the pool sizes of many reservoirs, including one of the largest, Lake Mead, which straddles the Arizona and Nevada border. This research presents the results of a two-year effort to study the direct and indirect effects of lacustrine-based processes at Lake Mead to a large eleventh-century prehistoric village, Pueblo Grande de Nevada. What are the processes that are most likely to damage archaeological sites and, conversely, what are those that may serve to preserve or protect them? The results of pedestrian inventory throughout the village, limited subsurface tests at certain loci, and intensive mapping at one habitation complex are used to evaluate and synthesize these effects.
Sustained impact of an antibiotic stewardship initiative targeting asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria in the emergency department
Authors: Cash Mary Catherine , Hile Garrett , Johnson James , Stone Tyler , Smith Jessica , Ohl Chris , Luther Vera , Beardsley James 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To determine whether a multifaceted initiative resulted in maintained reduction in inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic pyuria (ASP) or bacteriuria (ASB) in the emergency department (ED).

Design:
Single-center, retrospective study.

Methods:
Beginning in December 2015, a series of interventions were implemented to decrease the inappropriate treatment of ASP or ASB in the ED. Patients discharged from the ED from August to October 2015 (preintervention period), from December 2016 to February 2017 (postintervention period 1), and from November 2019 to January 2020 (postintervention period 2) were included if they had pyuria and/or bacteriuria without urinary symptoms. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients prescribed antibiotics within 72 hours of discharge from the ED. The secondary outcome was the number of patients returning to the ED with symptomatic UTI within 30 days of discharge.

Results:
We detected a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with ASP or ASB who were inappropriately treated when comparing the preintervention group and post-intervention group 1 (100% vs 32.4%; P < .001). This reduced frequency of inappropriate treatment was noted 3 years after the intervention, with 28% of patients receiving treatment for ASP or ASB in postintervention group 2. (P was not significant fin the comparison with postintervention group 1.) Among the 3 groups analyzed, we detected no difference in the numbers of patients returning to the ED with a symptomatic UTI within 30 days of ED discharge regardless of whether patients received antibiotics.

Conclusions:
A multifaceted intervention resulted in a significant decrease in inappropriate use of antibiotics for ASP and/or ASB that was maintained 3 years after implementation.
Frequency and extent of cognitive complaint following adult civilian mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Levy Arielle M. , Saling Michael M. , Anderson Jacqueline F. I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:Cognitive symptoms are associated with return to work, healthcare use and quality of life after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Additionally, while overall ‘post-concussion’ symptoms are often present at similar levels in mTBI and control groups, cognitive complaints may be specifically elevated in mTBI. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the frequency and extent of cognitive complaints following adult civilian mTBI, and compare it to the frequency and extent of complaints in control populations (PROSPERO: CRD42020151284).Method:This review included studies published up to March 2022. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review, and six were included in the meta-analysis. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.Results:Cognitive complaints are common after mTBI, although reported rates differed greatly across studies. Results suggested that mTBI groups report cognitive complaints to a significantly greater extent than control groups (Hedges’ g = 0.85, 95% CI 0.31–1.40, p = .0102). Heterogeneity between studies was high (τ2 = 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–1.58; I2 = 75.0%, 95% CI 43.4%–89.0%). Between-group differences in symptom reporting were most often found when healthy rather than injured controls were employed.Conclusions:Cognitive complaints are consistently reported after mTBI, and are present at greater levels in mTBI patients than in controls. Despite the importance of these complaints, including in regards to return to work, healthcare use and quality of life, there has been limited research in this area, and heterogeneity in research methodology is common.
The Limits of Metalinguistic Negotiation: The Role of Shared Meanings in Normative Debate
Authors: Schroeter François , Schroeter Laura , Toh Kevin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccording to philosophical orthodoxy, the parties to moral or legal disputes genuinely disagree only if their uses of key normative terms in the dispute express the same meaning. Recently, however, this orthodoxy has been challenged. According to an influential alternative view, genuine moral and legal disagreements should be understood as metalinguistic negotiations over which meaning a given term should have. In this paper, we argue that the shared meaning view is motivated by much deeper considerations than its recent critics recognize, and that much would be lost in opting for the explanation of normative disputes as metalinguistic negotiations.
New Criminological Perspectives: The Observational Method
Authors: Monzani Marco , Bugini Sabrina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis contribution will present the observational method, whose main goal is the in-depth analysis of the criminal situation concerning both the dynamics that are triggered within the relationship – therefore interpreting them through the eyes of the individuals involved – and the dynamics faced by those who observe the relationship from the outside and then have to represent or judge it. The method is the result of the encounter between two approaches, narrative criminology and visual criminology, from which it borrows the concepts of narrative and image. Narrative, in this case, means the stories produced by individuals, who describe the events through their point of observation, and the arguments produced by criminologists and operators based on the perspective they adopted in observing the story; therefore, the narrative plays a central role. The observational method defines the relationship metaphorically as if it were a room within which the protagonists act and perceive themselves according to where they are placed and what they see subjectively. Those who observe the room from the outside will describe it as if it were a photograph. Here the concept of image borrowed from visual criminology returns. Starting with the first activities that are carried out talking about criminal acts (fact-crimes) and then the inspection activities (technical–judicial and psycho-criminological), we will highlight the role of the criminologist and the narrative approach that distinguishes his or her work.
Digital and virtual strategies to advance community stakeholder engagement in research during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Byiringiro Samuel , Lacanienta Cyd , Clark Roger , Evans Crystal , Stevens Sarah , Reese Melanie , Ouyang Pamela , Terkowitz Mia , Weston Christine , Galiatsatos Panagis , Guerrero Vazquez Monica , Luthardt Frederick W. , Dennison Himmelfarb Cheryl R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the adversity presented by COVID-19 pandemic, it also pushed for experimenting with innovative strategies for community engagement. The Community Research Advisory Council (C-RAC) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), is an initiative to promote community engagement in research. COVID-19 rendered it impossible for C-RAC to conduct its meetings all of which have historically been in person. We describe the experience of advancing the work of the C-RAC during COVID-19 using digital and virtual strategies. Since March 2020, C-RAC transitioned from in person to virtual meetings. The needs assessment was conducted among C-RAC members, and individualized solutions provided for a successful virtual engagement. The usual working schedule was altered to respond to COVID-19 and promote community engaged research. Attendance to C-RAC meetings before and after the transition to virtual operation increased from 69% to 76% among C-RAC members from the community. In addition, the C-RAC launched new initiatives and in eighteen months since January 2020, it conducted 50 highly rated research reviews for 20 research teams. The experience of the C-RAC demonstrates that when community needs are assessed and addressed, and technical support is provided, digital strategies can lead to greater community collaborations.
The Delimitation of Outer Continental Shelf Areas: A Critical Analysis of Courts’ and Tribunals’ Heterogeneous Approaches
Authors: KUNOY BJØRN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA number of maritime delimitation disputes, the resolution of which has been referred to international courts or tribunals, include overlapping outer continental shelf claims without relevant recommendations from the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in support of the claimed entitlements. The case law of courts and tribunals regarding the exercise of jurisdiction over such disputes has developed and appears now somewhat crystallized in a common understanding. Yet numerous uncertainties remain, which have arisen from the non-homogeneous approaches that underlie the decisions of courts and tribunals to exercise jurisdiction in the absence of recommendations from the CLCS. While courts and tribunals share the view that delimitation necessarily requires a prior determination of entitlement, differences appear in defining the threshold for ascertaining such a determination. In any event, treating submissions to delimit such claimed overlaps as admissible in the absence of recommendations from the CLCS may entail significant risks. Where a plea is considered admissible, a court or tribunal will not have unfettered discretion as to whether to exercise jurisdiction. This may result in unfortunate situations as it cannot be assumed that the CLCS will accept coastal states’ proposed outer limits of the continental shelf.
Against Evidential Minimalism
Authors: Buckley Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvidence is often taken to be “normative” for doxastic agents. What accounts for the normativity of evidence? According to the view that I'll call “evidential minimalism”, there is a close connection between strong evidence for the truth of p and a normative reason to believe p: evidence is either itself a normative reason for belief, or evidence gives rise to such a reason when certain other minimal conditions are met. In this paper, I argue against evidential minimalism. I will argue that there are cases where: (i) an individual S possesses strong evidence E for the truth of p at time t, (ii) all other minimal conditions for the normativity of E are met at t, (iii) S doesn't believe p at t, yet (iv) S isn't open to any form of criticism on account of (i)–(iii) at t. I will then formulate a plausible linking claim connecting openness to criticism and the existence of normative reasons for belief. The minimalist can either accept or reject this linking claim. I will argue that, either way, the minimalist view falters.
Antibiotic postprescribing modification opportunities among nursing home residents treated for urinary tract infection
Authors: Langenstroer Madeline C. , Jolles Sally , Hossin Tamanna , Nora Anna , Bahrainian Mozhdeh , Crnich Christopher , Taylor Lindsay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:To characterize opportunities to postprescriptively modify antibiotic prescriptions initiated for treatment of suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in nursing homes.Design:Cross-sectional cohort study.Methods:Data from the health records of residents treated for UTI between 2013 and 2014 in 5 Wisconsin nursing homes were abstracted using a structured approach. Explicit definitions were used to identify whether the prescribed antibiotic could have been stopped, shortened, or changed to a nonfluoroquinolone alternative. Antibiotic treatments appropriately modified by study nursing home providers in real time were not considered modifiable. Identification of >1 potential modification opportunity (eg, stop and shorten) per antibiotic treatment event was permitted.Results:In total, 356 eligible antibiotic treatment courses among 249 unique residents were identified. Only 59 antibiotic courses prescribed for treatment of suspected UTI (16.6%) were not amenable to any modification. Discontinuation of treatment due to lack of signs or symptoms of infection was the most frequently identified potential modification opportunity (66.2%). Although less common, substantial numbers of antibiotic treatment courses were potentially amenable to shortening (34%) or agent change (19%) modifications. If applied in concert at 72 hours after antibiotic initiation, stop and shorten modifications could eradicate up to 1,326 avoidable antibiotic days, and change modifications could remove a 32 remaining avoidable fluoroquinolone days.Conclusions:Substantial opportunity exists to enhance the quality of antibiotic prescribing for treatment of suspected UTI in nursing homes through postprescriptive review interventions. Additional studies examining how to best design and implement postprescriptive review interventions in nursing homes are needed.
Distribution of the Silurian brachiopod genusAtrypoidea, and its first report in the Chejiaba Formation (upper Ludlow), Guangyuan, South China
Authors: Chen Di , Huang Bing , Rong Jiayu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtrypoideais a Silurian smooth atrypide with a worldwide distribution and high species-level diversity especially during Ludlow to Prídolí. In this study, the occurrences of 67 species, 14 subspecies, and 23 forma, cf., aff., or var. species are summarized. Among them,Atrypoidea rectafrom Aeronian of Siberia is the earliest known occurrence of this genus, whileAtrypoidea elatiororAtrypoidea polaris modicafrom upper Prídolí strata of the Czech Republic and China, respectively, should be the youngest species. No valid Devonian occurrence ofAtrypoideahas been recorded due to absence of convincing identification or poor stratigraphic information. The rapid evolution and cosmopolitan nature ofAtrypoideaallow some species to be used as index fossils for strata of Ludlow and Prídolí in South China. The age of the Chejiaba Formation in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province, South China, has been clarified based on the occurrence ofAtrypoidea. Specimens from this locality, which are preservedin situ, are described herein and illustrated with reconstruction of life style for the first time.
AN ANALOGUE OF THE SCHUR–SIEGEL–SMYTH TRACE PROBLEM
Authors: FLAMMANG V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBy analogy with the trace of an algebraic integer
$\alpha $
with conjugates
$\alpha _1=\alpha , \ldots , \alpha _d$
, we define the G-measure
$ {\mathrm {G}} (\alpha )= \sum _{i=1}^d ( |\alpha _i| + 1/ | \alpha _i | )$
and the absolute
${\mathrm G}$
-measure
${\mathrm {g}}(\alpha )={\mathrm {G}}(\alpha )/d$
. We establish an analogue of the Schur–Siegel–Smyth trace problem for totally positive algebraic integers. Then we consider the case where
$\alpha $
has all its conjugates in a sector
$| \arg z | \leq \theta $
,
$0 < \theta < 90^{\circ }$
. We compute the greatest lower bound
$c(\theta )$
of the absolute G-measure of
$\alpha $
, for
$\alpha $
belonging to
$11$
consecutive subintervals of
$]0, 90 [$
. This phenomenon appears here for the first time, conforming to a conjecture of Rhin and Smyth on the nature of the function
$c(\theta )$
. All computations are done by the method of explicit auxiliary functions.