bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access Patterns in Romanian Higher Education. A Story of Asymmetry and Polarization
Authors: Santa Robert , Fierăscu Silvia I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sharp decline in fertility rates that has occurred in Central and Eastern Europe in the immediate aftermath of the collapse of communist regimes has generated a realignment of social, economic and political realities across the region. Romania is no exception, and the ageing of its population has influenced a sharp reversal of the admissions boom of the 90s and 2000s. Universities are struggling to attract enough students while overall participation in higher education, when measured by the share of 30 to 34-year-olds with at least a bachelor’s degree, places Romania last among the 27 EU members. Drawing upon data from the National Matriculation Registry (RMU), the paper aims to analyse trends in student admissions and map university recruitment flows. The paper uses network analysis of existing student populations to identify universities with demographically vulnerable recruitment basins. The paper then discusses the impact of these vulnerabilities and analyse the wider challenges posed for universities by changing demographics and low cohort intakes. We find that variations in attractivity and demographic transformations combine to fuel a realignment of the structure of the Romanian Higher Education system that is already visible in enrolment patterns. This asymmetry does not only impact higher education but also development patterns and higher education funding policies. On the one hand, the paper informs policymakers on how existing demographic trends and recruitment flows are likely to influence the economic viability of existing universities, as well as how the currently low level of tertiary education attainment is reflected at a regional level. On the other hand, the paper encourages universities to rethink their competitive advantages in this revealed complex competition system to make better data-driven, evidence-based decisions when it comes to recruitment strategies in a context of scarcity and uncertainty.
General Oncology Care in Mauritania
Authors: Mohamed Brahim Selma , Zein Ekhtelebenina , Houmeida Ahmed , Tolba Ahmedou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs in most African countries, cancer is rapidly becoming a public health problem in Mauritania due to the lack of financial resources, scarcity of skilled health workers, and prevalence of inherent risk factors. Efforts are undertaken by the government to ease the burden of this disease on the local population. In this chapter, we present the history and milestones of oncology in Mauritania, the attempts by the state to fight cancer progression and the prospect of these actions.
General Oncology Care in Palestine
Authors: Halahleh Khalid , Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M. E. , Abusrour Mohammad M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Palestine, cancer care has been considered a national initiative and one of the main pillars of the health system. The Palestinian authority bears the cost of treating cancer patients. Cancer treatment is provided at no cost to all Palestinian patients through public and private hospitals. Currently, cancer care is focused on diagnosis and treatment while other elements, such as palliative care and quality of life, are left behind. Despite the Israeli occupation, efforts to enhance the level of cancer care within the Palestinian territories are ongoing, and additional hard work must be done. To enhance cancer care in Palestine, collaboration at the national and international levels is vital.
General Oncology Care in Algeria
Authors: Bounedjar Adda , Melzi Mohamed Aimene , Idir Hassina , Heba Nassiba 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis publication presents an overview of the major topics and issues to be considered when planning and implementing treatment as it applies to cancer care in Algeria, and access to prevention, screening, palliative, and treatment services. Situational analysis related to cancer shows that Algeria has significant advantages in terms of infrastructure, equipment, human resources, and even financial resources. Given the recent implementation of the national cancer plan, this analysis provides valuable initial insight into the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with cancer. The data provides a comprehensive picture of the fight against cancer with a focus on oncology. Better efforts should be made in the field of prevention, detection, and treatment for patients regardless of their age, health, or resources.Future investment in the field of cancer should strengthen the impact of the national capacities; the performance should be more than ever on the agenda of the national health authorities to achieve two goals, such as reducing cancer related mortality and reducing cancer incidence.The main objective is to stress the importance of being as close as possible to healthcare professionals and help them treat their patients better through training, not just new products, or technologies, but to think about sustainable strategies that look towards the future lying in precision and individualized healthcare.
General Oncology Care in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: Bawazir Amen , Basaleem Huda , Badheeb Ahmed , Abdul Hamid Gamal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer is recognized nowadays as one of the important diseases in Yemen from the public health view. During the last three decades, remarkable changes in oncology health care services were observed in the country, mostly in urban areas. According to the Global Cancer Observatory of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the total cases reported in the year 2020 was 16,476 new cases, and the top five reported cancers in the country were: breast cancer, colorectum, leukemia, stomach, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This rank of cancer types is probably unlike what exists in the neighboring Gulf countries. Oncology services in the country suffer from very limited radiotherapy care, chemotherapy centers, as well as many essential diagnostic laboratories for cancer.
Palliative Care in the Arab World
Authors: Osman Hibah , Yamout Rana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPalliative Care is an essential component of comprehensive cancer care, yet it remains inaccessible to a large majority of patients diagnosed with cancer in Arab countries. This chapter covers the current status of palliative care in Arab countries, covering several key indicators of palliative care development, including policy, service, education, and opioid consumption. We describe some of the barriers to the integration of palliative care into healthcare systems and propose steps to support the growth of palliative care in the region.
Pediatric Oncology in the Arab World
Authors: Zandaki Dua’a , Sultan Iyad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is estimated that more than 18,000 children are diagnosed annually with cancer in the Arab countries. With great variations in the level of income and health infrastructure among different countries, services provided to children with cancer are not always optimal. Many Arab countries were affected by political and economic instability, which was worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia estimated as 5-year net survival ranges from <20% (Somalia) to more than 80% (Arab Gulf Countries, Jordan). The strategies to improve the outcomes of childhood cancer include decreasing diagnosis delays, treatment abandonment and essential drugs shortages. The evidence-based and cost-effective regimens should be utilized, and multidisciplinary services need to be established. Twinning can help units in less favorable conditions. The cancer registries linked to survival data are essential to help physicians and policymakers appreciate the impact of different interventions. There is a great chance for partnership, twinning, and collaborative research among institutions in the Arab World.
General Oncology Care in Jordan
Authors: Khatib Sami , Nimri Omar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs Jordanians celebrate the 100th years (1921–2021) anniversary of the state of Jordan, a centenary of achievements and successes of those populations, which is equivalent to 0.13% of the total world inhabitants (Jordan Population, worldometers.info 2021), cancer burden in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a challenge, as well as a success. Despite several initiatives, Jordan does not have an endorsed National Cancer Control Strategic Plan (NCCP), which is one of the top primacies in the national cancer control issue in Jordan.Cancer care in Jordan is well established and attentive on the treatment section, with more effort needed on other elements of the cancer continuum. Jordan has a national cancer registry. However, it is not enough to collect complete, accurate, and timely cancer data.In Jordan, the government bears the cost of treating cancer patients. Cancer treatment is offered at no cost to all Jordanian citizens holding a national number through public hospitals of the MOH mainly in Al Basheer Hospital. The Royal Medical Services (military), university hospitals, and King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) treat the cancer patients with special arrangements of acquittal health exemption from the royal court or the health insurance administration to cover the cost of the treatment. A full spectrum of treatment is available in the private health sector too.The health care system in Jordan is one of the best reputable and trustworthy prominent health care systems in the MENA region, if not, it is globally well known. Wide-ranging oncology care is available in many public and private hospitals and health care facilities and clinics. Jordan will always be open to all its Arab fellows, at the same time open for new and up-to-date innovations, cooperation, and collaboration with cancer scholars.
Nonrelativistic effective field theories with enhanced symmetries and soft behavior
Authors: Mojahed Martin A. , Brauner Tomáš 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We systematically explore the landscape of nonrelativistic effective field theories with a local S-matrix and enhanced symmetries and soft behavior. The exploration is carried out using both conventional quantum field theory methods based on symmetry arguments, and recently developed on-shell recursion relations. We show that, in contrary to relativistic theories, enhancement of the soft limit of scattering amplitudes in nonrelativistic theories is generally not a byproduct of symmetry alone, but requires additional low-energy data. Sufficient conditions for enhanced scattering amplitudes can be derived by combining symmetries and dispersion relations of the scattered particles. This has direct consequences for the infrared dynamics that different types of nonrelativistic Nambu-Goldstone bosons can exhibit. We then use a bottom-up soft bootstrap approach to narrow down the landscape of nonrelativistic effective field theories that possess a consistent low-energy S-matrix. We recover two exceptional theories of a complex Schrödinger-type scalar, namely the ℂP1 nonlinear sigma model and the Schrödinger-Dirac-Born-Infeld theory. Moreover, we use soft recursion to prove a no-go theorem ruling out the existence of other exceptional Schrödinger-type theories. We also prove that all exceptional theories of a single real scalar with a linear dispersion relation are necessarily Lorentz-invariant. Soft recursion allows us to obtain some further general bounds on the landscape of nonrelativistic effective theories with enhanced soft limits. Finally, we present a novel theory of a complex scalar with a technically natural quartic dispersion relation. Altogether, our work represents the first step of a program to extend the developments in the study of scattering amplitudes to theories without Lorentz invariance.
Finite subunitals of the Hermitian unitals
Authors: Grundhöfer Theo , Stroppel Markus J. , Van Maldeghem Hendrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvery finite subunital of any generalized hermitian unital is itself a hermitian unital; the embedding is given by an embedding of quadratic field extensions. In particular, a generalized hermitian unital with a finite subunital is a hermitian one (i.e., it originates from a separable field extension).
Higher regularity in congested traffic dynamics
Authors: Bögelein Verena , Duzaar Frank , Giova Raffaella , Passarelli di Napoli Antonia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider minimizers of integral functionals of the type $$\begin{aligned} {\mathcal {F}}(u) := \int _\Omega \big [\tfrac{1}{p} \big (|Du|-1)^p_+ + f\cdot u\big ]\mathrm {d}x\nonumber \end{aligned}$$

F

(
u
)

:
=

∫
Ω

[

1
p

(

|
D
u
|
-
1
)

+
p

+
f
·
u

]

d
x

for $$p>1$$

p
>
1

in the vectorial case of mappings $$u:{\mathbb {R}}^n\supset \Omega \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^N$$

u
:

R

n

⊃
Ω
→

R

N

with $$N\ge 1$$

N
≥
1

. Assuming that f belongs to $$L^{n+\sigma }$$

L

n
+
σ

for some $$\sigma >0$$

σ
>
0

, we prove that $${\mathcal {H}}(Du)$$

H
(
D
u
)

is continuous in $$\Omega $$
Ω
for any continuous function $${\mathcal {H}}:{\mathbb {R}}^{Nn}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^{Nn}$$

H
:

R

Nn

→

R

Nn

vanishing on $$\{\xi \in {\mathbb {R}}^{Nn} : |\xi |\le 1\}$$

{
ξ
∈

R

Nn

:
|
ξ
|
≤
1
}

. This extends previous results of Santambrogio and Vespri (Nonlinear Anal 73:3832–3841, 2010) when $$n=2$$

n
=
2

, and Colombo and Figalli (J Math Pures Appl (9) 101(1):94–117, 2014) for $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, to the vectorial case $$N\ge 1$$

N
≥
1

.
A dual pair for the contact group
Authors: Haller Stefan , Vizman Cornelia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGeneralizing the canonical symplectization of contact manifolds, we construct an infinite dimensional non-linear Stiefel manifold of weighted embeddings into a contact manifold. This space carries a symplectic structure such that the contact group and the group of reparametrizations act in a Hamiltonian fashion with equivariant moment maps, respectively, giving rise to a dual pair, called the EPContact dual pair. Via symplectic reduction, this dual pair provides a conceptual identification of non-linear Grassmannians of weighted submanifolds with certain coadjoint orbits of the contact group. Moreover, the EPContact dual pair gives rise to singular solutions for the geodesic equation on the group of contact diffeomorphisms. For the projectivized cotangent bundle, the EPContact dual pair is closely related to the EPDiff dual pair due to Holm and Marsden.
Constant temperature mashing at 72 °C for the production of beers with a reduced alcohol content in micro brewing systems
Authors: Endres Frank , Prowald Alexandra , Fittschen Ursula Elisabeth Adriane , Hampel Sven , Oppermann Siegfried , Jacob Fritz , Hutzler Mathias , Laus Andreas , Methner Yvonne , Zarnkow Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a constant temperature mashing procedure where grist made of Pilsner malt is mashed-in directly in the temperature regime of alpha-amylase activity, thus omitting all conventional steps, followed by constant temperature mashing at 72 °C. The aim was to investigate an alternative mashing procedure for the production of alcohol-reduced beers. The mashing proceeds with a rapid buildup of sugars and is completed after 120 min at the latest, giving an iodine normal and clear wort. However, the distribution of the different sugars in the worts is strongly altered, in comparison to a more classical mashing procedure. The free amino nitrogen (FAN) concentration is sufficient for vivid fermentation with the bottom fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus TUM 34/70. The lag phase and initial fermentation performance of this yeast strain are comparable for conventionally and isothermally (72 °C) mashed wort. Under the given conditions the fermentation of the isothermally (72 °C) made wort is finished after 6 days whereas a conventional wort needs 4–5 days more to be completed. The alcohol concentration is remarkably reduced by isothermal mashing leading to roughly 3.4 vol.-% with an original gravity of 11°P whereas with a conventional mashing procedure 4.4 vol.-% are obtained for the same original gravity. In both cases the concentrations of the fermentation by-products are comparable. A preliminary comparison of taste and foam stability did not show striking differences. Constant temperature mashing at 72 °C is a simple way to reduce the alcohol content of beer enriching it at the same time with non-fermentable sugars.
How alanine catalyzes melanoidin formation and dehydration during synthesis from glucose
Authors: Mohsin Ghassan Faisal , Schmitt Franz-Josef , Kanzler Clemens , Alzubaidi Azalldeen Kazal , Hornemann Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe chemical composition of melanoidins formed from glucose (Glc) and alanine (Ala) in different molar ratios was investigated using UV/Vis, FTIR, EPR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). Melanoidin samples were prepared at varying molar ratios of Glc and Ala ranging from 10:1 to 1:10 (Glc:Ala). Reaction systems containing a higher molar ratio of Ala show higher melanoidin yields and higher UV/Vis absorbance. This indicates that an excess of Ala facilitates the formation of larger π-electron systems and catalyzes the melanoidin formation. EPR spectroscopy showed more radicals in Ala enriched samples. The EA data suggest that during the formation of melanoidin from Glc and Ala higher amounts of amino acid support dehydration of the reaction products. On the basis of our data, we postulate the structures of products and intermediates for the reaction at different Glc/Ala ratios. PCA of the FTIR spectra allows to separate different melanoidin samples formed at varying molar ratios indicating their different molecular compositions.
Contrast-induced encephalopathy—neuroimaging findings and clinical relevance
Authors: Meijer Frederick J. A. , Steens Stefan C. A. , Tuladhar Anil M. , van Dijk Ewoud D. , Boogaarts Hieronymus D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare encephalopathic condition after the administration of a contrast agent. The diagnosis of CIE is challenging because of the heterogeneity and non-specificity of the clinical presentation. The clinical course is usually favorable with full recovery within 48–72 h in most patients, although comorbidity is of relevance and contributes to the clinical outcome. It is expected that the incidence of CIE is currently increasing, due to an increase in endovascular and diagnostic imaging procedures using iodinated contrast. It is important to include CIE in the differential diagnosis when patients deteriorate during, or immediately after, contrast administration, even when only a small amount of non-ionic contrast agent is used. When CIE is considered to be the most likely explanation for the clinical symptoms, it is advised to refrain from unnecessary additional contrast studies such as angiography or perfusion CT.
A Multi-Criteria Framework for the Sustainable Management of Fisheries: a Case Study of UK’s North Sea Scottish Fisheries
Authors: Akbari Negar , Bjørndal Trond , Failler Pierre , Forse Andy , Taylor Marc H. , Drakeford Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a sustainability framework with a case application for UK’s Scottish fisheries has been developed which integrates aspects related to economic growth, social development, governance, biology, environment, and logistics. Scotland is the centre of UK’s commercial fishery sector however it faces challenges such as overexploitation, and changes in the governance structure following Brexit. The contributions of this study are threefold including (i) collecting and analysing primary data gathered from a diverse group of stakeholders in the Scottish fishery sector and scientific community, (ii) prioritising a diverse range of criteria in terms of importance in decision making from industry and scientific community perspectives, (iii) elaboration of the key management objectives in this region within the context of sustainable management of fisheries in the UK.The results of this stakeholders’ survey show that the key management objectives are reductions in overexploitation of stocks, inclusive governance, increase in transparency and simplicity of policy measures, reduction in marine litter, and increase in the efficiency of vessels. The analysis also shows that the industry group places a higher importance on socio-economic objectives such as increase in profit and employment compared to the scientific group. On the other hand, the scientific group prioritised the objectives such as reducing discards, bycatch, and impact on seafloor compared to the industry group. This study provides insight for the UK’s fisheries sector, and scientific advisory groups for the enhanced implementation of sustainable fisheries management policies.
mEPE-score: a comprehensive grading system for predicting pathologic extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer at multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gatti Marco , Faletti Riccardo , Gentile Francesco , Soncin Enrico , Calleris Giorgio , Fornari Alberto , Oderda Marco , Serafini Alessandro , Strazzarino Giulio Antonino , Vissio Elena , Bergamasco Laura , Cirillo Stefano , Papotti Mauro Giulio , Gontero Paolo , Fonio Paolo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the PI-RADS v2.1 multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) features in predicting extraprostatic extension (mEPE) of prostate cancer (PCa), as well as to develop and validate a comprehensive mpMRI-derived score (mEPE-score).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients admitted to two institutions for radical prostatectomy for PCa with available records of mpMRI performed between January 2015 and December 2020. Data from one institution was used for investigating diagnostic performance of each mEPE feature using radical prostatectomy specimens as benchmark. The results were implemented in a mEPE-score as follows: no mEPE features: 1; capsular abutment: 2; irregular or spiculated margin: 3; bulging prostatic contour, or asymmetry of the neurovascular bundles, or tumor-capsule interface > 1.0 cm: 4; ≥ 2 of the previous three parameters or measurable extraprostatic disease: 5. The performance of mEPE features was evaluated using the five diagnostic parameters and ROC curve analysis.

Results
Two-hundred patients were enrolled at site 1 and 76 at site 2. mEPE features had poor sensitivities ranging from 0.08 (0.00–0.15) to 0.71 (0.59–0.83), whereas specificity ranged from 0.68 (0.58–0.79) to 1.00. mEPE-score showed excellent discriminating ability (AUC > 0.8) and sensitivity = 0.82 and specificity = 0.77 with a threshold of 3. mEPE-score had AUC comparable to ESUR-score (p = 0.59 internal validation; p = 0.82 external validation), higher than or comparable to mEPE-grade (p = 0.04 internal validation; p = 0.58 external validation), and higher than early-and-late-EPE (p < 0.0001 internal and external validation). There were no significant differences between readers having different expertise with EPE-score (p = 0.32) or mEPE-grade (p = 0.45), but there were significant differences for ESUR-score (p = 0.02) and early-versus-late-EPE (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
The individual mEPE features have low sensitivity and high specificity. The use of mEPE-score allows for consistent and reliable assessment for pathologic EPE.

Key Points
• Individual PI-RADS v2.1 mpMRI features had poor sensitivities ranging from 0.08 (0.00–0.15) to 0.71 (0.59–0.83), whereas Sp ranged from 0.68 (0.58–0.79) to 1.00.
• mEPE-score is an all-inclusive score for the assessment of pEPE with excellent discriminating ability (i.e., AUC > 0.8) and Se = 0.82, Sp = 0.77, PPV = 0.74, and NPV = 0.84 with a threshold of 3.
• The diagnostic performance of the expert reader and beginner reader with pEPE-score was comparable (p = 0.32).