bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of thiol-disulfide homeostasis and oxidative stress parameters in newborns receiving phototherapy
Authors: Demirtas Mehmet Semih , Erdal Huseyin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate oxidative stress and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in term newborns receiving phototheraphy.Methods: The study was planned as a single-blind, intervention study in a single center with 3 level neonatal intensive care unit to investigate the effect of phototherapy on the oxidative system in term newborns with hyperbilurbinemia. Neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia were treated with total body exposure photherapy technique for 18 hours using Novos® device. Blood samples of 28 term newborns were taken before and after phototherapy. Total and native thiol, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were measured.Results: The 28 newborn patients included 15 (54%) males and 13 (46%) females with a mean birth weight of 3080.1± 366.5 g. Native and total thiol levels were found to be decreased in patients receiving photherapy (p=0.021, p=0.010). Besides, significantly lower TAS and TOS levels were found after photheraphy p=0.0001, p= 0.001). We found decreased thiol levels related to increased oxidative stress. We also determined significantly lower bilurubin levels after photheraphy (p=0.0001).Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that phototherapy treatment induced decreased oxidative stress associated with hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Thiol disulfide homesotasis can be used as a marker of oxidative stress due to hyperbilirubinemia in the early period.
Development and pilot trial of online Guided Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder in Japanese patients
Authors: Ohsako Noriaki , Kimura Hiroshi , Hashimoto Tasuku , Hosoda Yutaka , Inaba Yosuke , Iyo Masaomi , Nakazato Michiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop an internet-based Guided Self-Help CBT (iGSH-CBT) for Bulimia Nervosa (BN) / Binge Eating Disorder (BED) for Japanese patients and to test its feasibility with a single-arm study. After baseline assessment, patients underwent a 16-week iGSH-CBT program, our Japanese adaption of the European-based Salut BN program. Evaluations were performed at baseline, after 8 weeks, at the end of the 16-week intervention, and at 2 months after treatment had ended. The primary outcome measure was the change in the weekly frequency of objective binging. Results: Participants were 9 female outpatients with BN (n=5) or BED (n=4), of whom 8 (88.9%) attended the assessment at the end of the 16-week intervention. Percent change of the weekly frequencies of objective binging was -4.40%. Although no significant change was observed in the weekly frequencies of objective bingeing, the abstinence rate from bulimic behaviours of those who completed the assessments was 25.0% at the end of treatment, and the drop-out rate was 11.1%. iGSH-CBT may be an acceptable and possibly even a preferred method of CBT delivery for Japanese patients with BN or BED, and our Japanese adaptation of Salut BN seems feasible.
Analysis of the space-time trends in open defecation in Nigeria
Authors: Gayawan Ezra , Somo-Aina Omodolapo , Kuti Oluwatosin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The practice of open defecation has persistently remained high in Nigeria despite the grave danger it poses to public and environmental health, and the several intervention programs put in place over the years to curtail the ugly practice. This study quantifies the space and time trends in open defecation practice in Nigeria with the aim of highlighting the changes that have taken place at various locations in Nigeria over a fifteen-year period. A Bayesian spatio-temporal model was applied to cross-section data obtained from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018, and inference was based on integrated nested Laplace approximation technique. The findings indicate a north-south spatio-temporal patterns that are similar among the rural and urban dwellers. States such as Kwara, Kogi, Oyo, Ondo, Osun, Ekiti, Enugu, and Ebonyi all of which are neighbors to each other are among those with persistent high prevalence of open defecation in the country. Given the diversity of the Nigerian population groups within the states, a more understanding of the socio-cultural standard of the different communities would be required to implement policies that recognize opportunities to explore, while being culturally responsive to community needs in ending open defecation in Nigeria.
Quenching of As-synthesized ZnSe nanorods to ZnSe/ZnO nanoparticles via Air Annealing
Authors: Gupta Prerna , Patel Pushpanjali , Sujata KM , Solanki Rekha Garg 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present work ZnSe nanorods (NRs) have been synthesised using simple Co-precipitation method and as-synthesised sample annealed at 300 0 C in air atmosphere. The structural, morphological and optical properties of prepared samples have been investigated using x-rays diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Visible and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. The XRD results revealed the formation of hexagonal structure of as-synthesized ZnSe NRs which were elongated to the reflection (101). TEM micrographs confirmed the formation of nanorods. Air annealing quenched the hexagonal ZnSe NRs to the hexagonal ZnSe/ZnO nanoparticles. UV–visible absorption spectroscopy predicted the blue shift in band gap of NRs and NPs to the bulk band gap of ZnSe. The PL spectra and corresponding CIE diagram predicted the as-synthesized NRs and quenched NPs emitted bluish colour and found suitable for Blue LEDs and Lasers which are useful in medical, health, pharmaceutical and food industry.
Identification of Distinct Clinical Phenotypes of Cardiogenic Shock Using Machine Learning Consensus Clustering Approach
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Yufeng , Yao Renqi , Chen Kai , Xu Qiumeng , Huang Renhong , Mao Zhiguo , Yu Yue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous condition with multiple underlying causes and associated outcomes. Discriminating between different patterns of CS is still challenging. We tested the hypothesis that the machine learning (ML) consensus clustering method would identify CS phenotypes with unique clinical profiles and outcomes.Methods: Patients diagnosed with CS on admission from the electronic ICU (eICU) Collaborative Research Database were included in the current study. We performed an unsupervised ML consensus clustering analysis among 21,925 patients with CS. The optimal number of clusters was determined by examining the consensus matrix (CM) heat map, cumulative distribution function (CDF), cluster-consensus plots, and the proportion of ambiguously clustered pairs (PAC) analysis. We calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) of each variable and used the cutoff of ±0.3 to identify each cluster’s key features. We assessed the association of the phenotypes with multiple clinical endpoints using logistic regression (LR) analysis.Results: The consensus cluster analysis identified two clusters (Cluster 1: n=9,848; Cluster 2: n=12,077). The key features of patients in Cluster 1, compared with Cluster 2, included: lower blood pressure, lower eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), higher BUN (blood urea nitrogen), higher creatinine, lower albumin, higher potassium, lower bicarbonate, lower red blood cell (RBC), higher red blood cell distribution width (RDW), higher SOFA score, higher APS III score, and higher APACHE IV score on admission. The results of LR analysis showed that the Cluster 2 was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.374; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.347-0.402; P < 0.001), ICU mortality (OR: 0.349; 95% CI: 0.318-0.382; P < 0.001), and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after admission (OR: 0.478; 95% CI: 0.452-0.505; P < 0.001).Conclusions: ML consensus clustering analysis synthesized the pattern of clinical and laboratory data to reveal distinct CS phenotypes with different clinical outcomes.
The effect of GDP, renewable energy and total energy supply on carbon emissions in the EU-27: New evidence from panel GMM
Authors: Deka Abraham , Ozdese Huseyin , Seraj Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The vast usage of sources of energy that pollute the environment has caused major problems of global warming in the world. Global warming and greenhouse effect causes droughts, hunger and starvation among many other health problems. In this research the effect of energy use, economic, growth and renewable energy on carbon emissions in the European Union region from 1990–2019 is examined. The current study differs from previous researches done in this region, in that it specifies in the model “effective capital”, which is the interaction between energy and capital (a product of energy and capital). Effective capital is inevitable in the production process, because physical capital such as machinery, without power or energy to fuel it, is dysfunctional. The current research employs the Generalized Method of Moments which is strong over endogeneity and overcomes heteroskedasticity, serial and autocorrelation problems for robust results. The findings of this research support past studies that renewable energy reduces carbon emissions and Gross Domestic Product exacerbates carbon emissions. Effective capital and energy use are observed to promote carbon emissions, whereas capital and population size reduces carbon emissions in the European Union.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Culture-Positive Bloodstream Pathogens Prior to and During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Multicenter Evaluation
Authors: Bauer Karri A. , Puzniak Laura A. , Yu Kalvin , Finelli Lyn , Moise Pamela , Ai ChinEn , Watts Janet A. , Gupta Vikas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. We evaluate incidence of community- and hospital-onset BSI rates and outcomes before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study that evaluated patients who were hospitalized for ≥ 1 day with discharge or death between June 1, 2019, and September 4, 2021 across 271 US health care facilities. Community- and hospital-onset BSI and related outcomes before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, including intensive care admission rates, and overall and ICU-specific length of stay (LOS) was evaluated. Bivariate correlations were calculated between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods overall and by SARS-CoV-2 testing status.
Results
Of 5,239,692 patient admissions, there were 20,113 community-onset BSIs before the pandemic (11.2/1000 admissions) and 39,740 (11.5/1000 admissions) during the pandemic (P ≤ 0.0062). Corresponding rates of hospital-onset BSI were 2,771 (1.6/1000 admissions) and 6,864 (2.0/1000 admissions; P < 0.0062). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, rates of community-onset BSI were higher in patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (15.8/1000 admissions), compared with 9.6/1000 BSI admissions among SARS-CoV-2–positive patients. Compared with patients in the pre-pandemic period, SARS-CoV-2–positive patients with community-onset BSI experienced greater ICU admission rates (36.6% vs 32.8%; P < 0.01), greater ventilator use (10.7% vs 4.7%; P < 0.001), and longer LOS (12.2 d vs 9.1 d; P < 0.001). Rates of hospital-onset BSI were higher in the pandemic period vs the pre-pandemic period (2.0 vs 1.5/1000; P < 0.001), with rates as high a 7.3/1000 admissions among SARS-CoV-2–positive patients. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, SARS-CoV-2–positive patients with hospital-onset BSI had higher rates of ICU admission (72.9% vs 55.4%; P < 0.001), LOS (34.8 d vs 25.5 d; P < 0.001), and ventilator use (52.9% vs 21.5%; P < 0.001). Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans were more frequently detected in the pandemic period.
Conclusions and Relevance:
This nationally representative study found an increased risk of both community-onset and hospital-onset BSI during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period, with the largest increased risk in hospital-onset BSI among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. SARS-CoV-2 positivity also was associated with worse outcomes.
Self-biting behavior in patients with neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Heise Carlos Otto , Zaccariotto Monise , Martins Roberto S. , Sterman-Neto Hugo , Siqueira Mário G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Self-biting behavior in patients with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) has been associated with finger amputation. Our objective is to describe the incidence of this complication, risk factors, and clinical management.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 612 patients with NBPP. There were 303 males and 309 females. 51.8% of patients had C5-C6 lesions, 28.9% had C5-C7, 18.9% had C5-T1, and 0.3 had C7-T1 involvement.Results: We identified 15 patients with self-biting behavior (2.5%). Ten patients had C5-T1 lesions, and five had C5-C7 lesions. Eight patents were submitted to brachial plexus surgery and seven were not. This behavior appeared between 8 and 46 months of life (mean 23.5), and it was always temporary. There was no difference between operated and non-operated patients (p > 0.05), and no correlation between age at surgery and age of appearance of self-biting behavior (p > 0.05). Physical restriction was effective in treating this complication and we had no case of finger amputation.Conclusion: Self-biting behavior is a rare complication of NBPP, and it is usually associated with severe motor involvement. The behavior duration is limited to a few months. This condition can be effectively treated with physical restriction to prevent hand biting.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 16 triggers pathological cardiac hypertrophy via activating IRE1α-sXBP1-GATA4 pathway
Authors: Su Haibi , Xu Jie , Su Zhenghua , Xiao Chenxi , Wang Jinghuan , Zhong Wen , Meng Chen , Yang Di , Zhu Yizhun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an independent predecessor of heart failure (HF), which remains the leading cause of worldwide mortality. However, current evidence on the molecular determinants of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is still inadequacy. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 16 (PARP16) in the pathogenesis of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Gain and loss of function approaches were used to demonstrate the effects of genetic overexpression or deletion of PARP16 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth in vitro . Ablation of PARP16 by transducing the myocardium with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)encoding PARP16 shRNA were then subjected to transverse aortic construction (TAC) to investigate the effect of PARP16 on pathological cardiac hypertrophy in vivo . Coimmunoprecipitation (IP) and western blot assays were used to detect the mechanisms of PARP16 in regulating cardiac hypertrophic development. Results: PARP16 deficiency rescued cardiac dysfunction and ameliorated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo , as well as phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses in vitro . Whereas overexpression of PARP16 exacerbated hypertrophic responses including the augmented cardiomyocyte surface area and upregulation of the fetal gene expressions. Mechanistically, PARP16 interacted with and ADP-ribosylated IRE1α and then mediated the hypertrophic responses through activating the IRE1α-sXBP1-GATA4 pathway. Conclusions: Collectively, our results implicated that PARP16 is a contributor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy at least in part via activating the IRE 1α -sXBP1-GATA4 pathway, and may be regarded as a new potential target for exploring effective therapeutic interventions of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
The Influence of Pacific-North American Teleconnection on the North Pacific SST Anomalies in Wintertime under the Global Warming
Authors: Chen Zheng , Gan Bolan , Huang Fei , Li Jianping , Wu Lixin , Fan Lei , Diao Yina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The impact of the enhancing Pacific-North American teleconnection (PNA) on the intensity of the first mode of SST anomalies (SSTa) in wintertime North Pacific [known as the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)-like SST pattern] under global warming is studied using reanalysis datasets and 12 selected CMIP5 models. The robust observational result of the PNA one month ahead of the PDO shows that the PNA has a great effect on the PDO-like SSTa. The intensities of PNA and PDO are defined with elimination of ENSO effect to evaluate the direct impact of PNA on the PDO in North Pacific under global warming. By comparing RCP8.5 and historical scenario of selected multi-models (PNA enhanced models), future projection illustrates that the PDO intensity will intensify 2.2 times its internal variability. Approximately 67% of the increase in PDO variations is contributed by the PNA-induced SSTa in the future warming scenario of multi-models ensemble mean. Models with stronger intensification of PNA variability tends to have larger magnitude of SSTa response in the North Pacific, which has more contributions to the enhancement of PDO intensity change in a warmer climate. This may shed some light on the projection of PDO variability and the relative role of PNA forcing under the global warming.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Pandemic Uncertainty impacts on Tunisian sectors stock returns: evidence from VAR-DCC-GARCH model
Authors: GUENICHI Hassan , Nejib CHOUAIBI 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To examine the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and pandemic uncertainty (PU) on Tunisian sectorial stock market returns, our paper contributes to the financial literature by providing a new study based on VAR-DCC-GARCH. This study uses the EPU and pandemic uncertainty indices and daily of eight Tunisian sector indices namely Automobile and Parts (AP), Banks, Basic Materials (BM), Building Construct Materials (BCM), Financials (FIN), Industrials (IND), Insurance (INS) and Food and Beverage (FB). The symmetric VAR-DCC-GJR-GARCH and VAR-DCC-EGARCH are the appropriate model for the empirical study. Results show a mixed sign of time varying correlation of sectors returns with EPU with respectively high and low significant long run and short run persistence of shocks. Evidence suggests that PU starts with a tranquil correlation and then becomes negative indicating the negative effect on sectors returns. In the last half of 2021, Tunisian investors succeed to overcome their fear and less risk averse.Jel codes : C32 ; D53 ; D74 ; G38 ; H12.
Impact of Social and Cultural Factors on Incidence, Transmission and Control of Coronavirus Disease in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Falla-Aliabadi Saeed , Heydari Ahad , Fatemi Farin , Yoshany Nooshin , Lotfi Mohammad Hasan , Sarsangi Alireza , Hanna Fahad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has had mixed reactions from nations, people and governments about ways to cope with, prevent and control the disease. The current study identifies social, cultural and policy factors affecting the incidence and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran.Methods: A qualitative study consists of content analysis and views of experienced and knowledgeable subjects specialized in social and cultural health management. Data collection has been implemented through appropriate content specific search as well as semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was complemented by inductive content analysis. Results: There are distinct social and cultural factors in coping with Coronavirus disease. These consisted of three categories of governance, individual and community related factors. A total of 21 subcategories and 215 primary codes that were extracted from the text of interviews as variables of the study and in relation to the research question. Twelve subdomains of governance including vaccination, political factors, restrictions, education, support services, administrative services, transportation, health and treatment, culturalization, legislation, management and finance impacted the spread and mitigation of the pandemic at various levels. Conclusion: The management of pandemics requires a comprehensive capacity for identifying and determining social and cultural criteria. A healthy partnership between governments and the community may be required to remove unnecessary obstacles that hinder public health attempt to alleviate the risk. The obtained criteria and indicators from this study may be utilized by policy makers in an attempt to strengthen protocols for mitigating pandemics. Further studies may be warranted to confirm these findings
Non-pharmaceutical interventions and risk of COVID-19 infection: survey of U.K. public from November 2020 – May 2021
Authors: Francis Nick A , Becque Taeko , Willcox Merlin , Hay Alastair , Lown Mark , Clarke Richard , Stuart Beth , Yardley Lucy , Moore Michael , Houriet Joëll , Little Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as handwashing, social distancing and face mask wearing, have been widely promoted to reduce the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-reported use of NPIs and COVID-19 infection.Methods:We conducted an online questionnaire study recruiting members of the U.K. public from November 2020 to May 2021. The association between self-reported COVID-19 illness and reported use of NPIs was explored using logistic regression and controlling for participant characteristics, month of questionnaire completion, and vaccine status. Participants who had been exposed to COVID-19 in their household in the previous 2 weeks were excluded.Results:27,758 participants were included and 2,814 (10.1%) reported having had a COVID-19 infection. The odds of COVID-19 infection were reduced with use of a face covering (OR 0.16 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.21) and per increase in level of use (never, sometimes, quite often, very often, always) in unadjusted (OR 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.77)) and fully adjusted analyses (OR 0.66 (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.71)). COVID-19 infection was also reduced with use of social distancing (OR 0.57 (95% CI: 0.41 to 0.80)) and per increase in level of use in unadjusted (OR 0.77 (95% CI:0.74 to 0.80) but not fully adjusted (OR 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.03)) analyses. Greater use of handwashing when arriving home was associated with reduced odds of infection (OR 0.75 (0.69 to 0.81) per increase in level, fully adjusted), but handwashing before eating, avoiding touching the face, and cleaning things with virus on were not. Being in crowded places of 10-100 people and >100 people was associated with increased odds of COVID-19 infection compared to no attendance (OR 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.66) and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.68), respectively).Conclusions:We found good evidence that use of face coverings and social distancing (including avoiding crowded places) reduced the odds of COVID-19 infection. We also found good evidence for a protective effect from handwashing on arriving home, but no evidence of benefit from handwashing before eating or other behaviours.