bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between trajectories of risk factors and risk of cardiovascular disease or mortality among patients with diabetes or hypertension: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Mak Ivy Lynn , Ho Margaret Kay , Chin Weng Yee , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Cardiometabolic risk factors and renal function are monitored regularly for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)/ hypertension (HT). In addition to risk factor levels at a single time point, their trajectory (changes over time) can also be differentially related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. This study aimed to systematically examine the evidence regarding the association between risk factor trajectories and risk of CVD/mortality in patients with DM/HT.

Method
PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for articles from January 1963 to April 2021. Inclusion criteria: studies that 1) analyzed trajectories of risk factors including haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), and blood lipids; 2) were performed in the DM/HT population and, 3) included risk of CVD/mortality as outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.

Results
A total of 22,099 articles were identified. After screening by title and abstract, 22,027 articles were excluded by irrelevant outcomes, exposure, population, or type of articles. Following full-text screening, 11 articles investigating the trajectories of HbA1c (N = 7), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (N = 3), and eGFR (N = 1) were included for data extraction and analysis. No studies were identified examining the association of BMI or lipid trajectories with CVD/mortality. All included studies were of good quality based on the NOS criteria. In general, stable trajectories within optimal ranges of the risk factors (HbA1c: <7%, SBP: 120-139mmHg, eGFR: >60mL/min/1.73m2) had the lowest CVD/mortality risk compared to an increasing HbA1c trajectory (from 8% to 10%), an increasing SBP trajectory (from 120–139 to ≥140mmHg), or a decreasing eGFR trajectory (from 90 to 70mL/min/1.73m2).

Conclusion
A relatively stable and well-controlled trajectory for cardiometabolic risk factors was associated with the lowest risk of CVD/mortality. Risk factor trajectories have important clinical implications in addition to single time point measurements. More attention should be given to patients with suboptimal control and those with unstable trends of cardiometabolic risk factors.
A retrospective cohort study of major adverse cardiac events in children affected by Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in Thailand
Authors: Santimahakullert Kanokvalee , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Wongswadiwat Yuttapong , Chanthong Prakul , Khrongsrattha Sappaya , Panamonta Manat , Chan-on Paradorn , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Chungsomprasong Paweena , Kanjanauthai Supaluck , Soongswang Jarupim 
Published: January 2022

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common form of vasculitis in children that can be complicated by coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). Data of long-term outcomes and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in children with CAAs following KD in developing country are limited. Our aims were to determine the rates of MACE and identify risk factors associated with MACE in children with KD and CAAs in Thailand. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 170 children diagnosed with KD and CAAs in two tertiary hospitals between 1994 and 2019. During a median (range) follow-up of 5.4 years (22 days to 23 years), 19 patients (11.2%) experienced MACE, that included 12 coronary artery bypass grafting, 2 percutaneous coronary intervention and 5 children with evidence of myocardial ischemia and coronary occlusion. Coronary interventions were performed at a median time of 4 years (0.01 to 9.5 years) after KD diagnosis. Forty-nine patients (28.8%) had giant CAAs. No MACE was reported in children with small CAAs. Independent risks of MACE were from the absence of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (HR 7.22; 95% CI 2.21 to 23.59; p = 0.001), the presence of giant aneurysms (HR 13.59; 95% CI 2.43 to 76.09; p = 0.003), and CAAs that involved bilateral branches of coronary arteries (HR 6.19; 95% CI 1.24 to 30.92; p = 0.026). Among children with giant CAAs, the intervention-free rate was 93.8%, 78.7% and 52.2%, at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Of note, 81% of the small CAAs regressed to a normal size, and for medium CAAs, 50% regressed to normal size. Overall, ~10% of children with CAAs following KD experienced MACE in this cohort. Timely IVIG treatment in children with KD following symptom onset will reduce the risk of MACE. Cautious surveillance to identify cardiac complications should be recommended for children once medium or giant CAAs develop.
Trial registration: TCTR20190125004.
The Cardiac Care Bridge transitional care program for the management of older high-risk cardiac patients: An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Verweij Lotte , Petri Adrianne C. M. , MacNeil-Vroomen Janet L. , Jepma Patricia , Latour Corine H. M. , Peters Ron J. G. , Scholte op Reimer Wilma J. M. , Buurman Bianca M. , Bosmans Judith E. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Cardiac Care Bridge (CCB) nurse-led transitional care program in older (≥70 years) cardiac patients compared to usual care.

Methods
The intervention group (n = 153) received the CCB program consisting of case management, disease management and home-based cardiac rehabilitation in the transition from hospital to home on top of usual care and was compared with the usual care group (n = 153). Outcomes included a composite measure of first all-cause unplanned hospital readmission or mortality, Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and societal costs within six months follow-up. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. Statistical uncertainty surrounding Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) was estimated by using bootstrapped seemingly unrelated regression.

Results
No significant between group differences in the composite outcome of readmission or mortality nor in societal costs were observed. QALYs were statistically significantly lower in the intervention group, mean difference -0.03 (95% CI: -0.07; -0.02). Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that the maximum probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 0.31 at a Willingness To Pay (WTP) of €0,00 and 0.14 at a WTP of €50,000 per composite outcome prevented and 0.32 and 0.21, respectively per QALY gained.

Conclusion
The CCB program was on average more expensive and less effective compared to usual care, indicating that the CCB program is dominated by usual care. Therefore, the CCB program cannot be considered cost-effective compared to usual care.
Young Adult Gothic Fiction: Monstrous Selves/Monstrous Others, Michelle J. Smith and Kristine Moruzi (eds) (2021)
Authors: Johnson-Hunt Nancy 
Published: January 2022

Review of: Young Adult Gothic Fiction: Monstrous Selves/Monstrous Others, Michelle J. Smith and Kristine Moruzi (eds) (2021)
Cardiff, Wales, UK: University of Wales Press, 320 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78683-750-9, hardback, £70 GBP
eISBN 978-1-78683-751-6, e-book, £70 GBP
Faunal Remains manipulation during the Chalcolithic in Pits 13, 16 and 54 from Monte das Cabeceiras 2 (Beja, Southern Portugal)
Authors: Almeida Nelson J. , Catarina Basílio Ana , Silva Célia , Monge Soares António , Borges Nelson 
Published: January 2022

The Chalcolithic time is a period widely debated in Southwestern Iberia Late Prehistory. During the last few decades, the number of contexts known has grown, especially with the discovery and publication of several ditched enclosures from Southern Portugal. To contribute to ongoing discussions, three Chalcolithic pits –13, 16, 54– from the Complex of ditched enclosures of Monte das Monte das Cabeceiras 2, in Beja, were analysed from a zooarchaeological and taphonomical perspective. The results are combined with information from the material culture, human remains and stratigraphy in order to discuss infilling sequences. Hypothesis on the possible meaning of social practices related to the management of animals are addressed.
Bovine, caprine, swine, cervids, leporids and canids were identified with different abundances. A possible feasting or offerings of bovine –including auroch– and to a lesser extent red deer, wild boar and domestic species is suggested for pit 13, where a burial was also identified. Pottery and animal depositions were recorded in this pit, and the contiguous pit 54 that also had human remains. Pit 16 had a possible selection of horns and antlers from bovine, caprine and cervids, as well as a deposition of canid limb bones inside a large pot. The pits analysed can be framed in the wider Southwestern Iberian Peninsula phenomena of ditched enclosures where structured deposits including animal remains are recurrent.
ciência do melhoramento racial: considerações históricas sobre a educação eugênica brasileira
Authors: Prado Roitberg Guilherme , Ortega Faggion Melline 
Published: January 2022

efinida por Francis Galton (1822-1911) como a “ciência do melhoramento racial”, a eugenia se popularizou entre a influente elite intelectual brasileira nas primeiras décadas da República, vislumbrando o aperfeiçoamento biológico-racial da população por meio do combate às “ameaças degenerativas” representadas por negros, mestiços, deficientes físicos e mentais. Considerando esse contexto histórico e tomando como aporte teórico-metodológico uma pesquisa documental amparada pela crítica da razão instrumental, o artigo analisa a produção intelectual dos diretores do periódico Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1933): Renato Kehl, Octavio Domingues e Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr. Investiga-se os fundamentos político-ideológicos da educação eugênica no Brasil e seu papel na difusão do racismo biológico entre a elite intelectual do país nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Conclui-se que a concepção de educação desses autores ultrapassa o sentido de escolarização e se alinha a um projeto intelectual mais amplo que vislumbrava a vulgarização da ciência do melhoramento racial no Brasil.
Simple and easy way for students to develop a dynamic model on Excel sheet
Authors: Kamata Masahiro , Kamata Asuka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Radioactive decay is not only important in the field of radiochemistry but also useful as a teaching material for chemical kinetics. Although differential equations are often used to explain how decay rate changes over time, there are many students even in college or university who are not very good at mathematics and have difficulty in solving differential equations. Those students are expected to appreciate institutive and schematic illustrations using Excel sheets. In this paper, a water and tank model to demonstrate how radionuclides decay and decrease over time is presented as an example of the model that the students can develop or rearrange by themselves. Therefore, only four arithmetical operations were used in the sheet, so that the students can easily grasp the basic concept of a decay curve or radioactive equilibrium even if they do not have great knowledge of differential equations. In addition, only “Record Macro” and built in “Charts” were used on the sheet, and therefore, no knowledge or skill in graphic programming, such as Visual Basic, is needed to make and use the sheet. A brief online survey indicated the model was interesting to high school students. Since Excel is widely used all over the world, the sheets we have developed can be used in many countries without additional expense.
On the number of zeros of diagonal quartic forms over finite fields
Authors: Zhao Junyong , Feng Yulu , Hong Shaofang , Zhu Chaoxi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Let

𝔽
q

{\mathbb{F}_{q}}

be the finite field of

q
=

p
m

≡

1

(

mod
4

)

{q=p^{m}\equiv 1~{}(\bmod~{}4)}

elements
with p being an odd prime and m being a positive integer. For

c
,
y

∈

𝔽
q

{c,y\in\mathbb{F}_{q}}

with

y
∈

𝔽
q
*

{y\in\mathbb{F}_{q}^{*}}

non-quartic, let

N
n

⁢

(
c
)

{N_{n}(c)}

and

M
n

⁢

(
y
)

{M_{n}(y)}

be the numbers of zeros of

x
1
4

+
⋯
+

x
n
4

=
c

{x_{1}^{4}+\cdots+x_{n}^{4}=c}

and

x
1
4

+
⋯
+

x

n
-
1

4

+

y
⁢

x
n
4

=
0

{x_{1}^{4}+\cdots+x_{n-1}^{4}+yx_{n}^{4}=0}

, respectively. In 1979, Myerson used
Gauss sums and exponential sums to show that the generating function

∑

n
=
1

∞

N
n

⁢

(
0
)

⁢

x
n

{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}N_{n}(0)x^{n}}

is a rational function in x
and presented its explicit expression. In this paper, we make
use of the cyclotomic theory and exponential sums to show that
the generating functions

∑

n
=
1

∞

N
n

⁢

(
c
)

⁢

x
n

and

∑

n
=
1

∞

M

n
+
1

⁢

(
y
)

⁢

x
n

\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}N_{n}(c)x^{n}\quad\text{and}\quad\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}M_{n+1}%
(y)x^{n}

are rational functions in x. We also obtain the explicit expressions of these generating
functions. Our result extends Myerson’s theorem gotten in 1979.
Global existence and exponential decay for a viscoelastic equation with not necessarily decreasing kernel
Authors: Alaeddine Draifia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the nonlinear viscoelastic equation

u

t
⁢
t

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

∫
0
t

h
⁢

(

t
-
s

)

⁢
Δ
⁢
u
⁢

(
s
)

⁢

𝑑
s

+

a
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|

u
t

|

m

⁢

u
t

+

|
u
|

γ

⁢
u

=
0

u_{tt}-\Delta u+\int_{0}^{t}h(t-s)\Delta u(s)\,ds+a(x)\lvert u_{t}\rvert^{m}u_%
{t}+\lvert u\rvert^{\gamma}u=0

in a bounded domain with kernels not necessarily exponentially decaying to zero and we
obtain an asymptotic stability result of global solutions.
Solving fractal differential equations via fractal Laplace transforms
Authors: Kamal Ali Karmina , Khalili Golmankhaneh Alireza , Yilmazer Resat , Ashqi Abdullah Milad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe intention of this study is to investigate the fractal version of both one-term and three-term fractal differential equations. The fractal Laplace transform of the local derivative and the non-local fractal Caputo derivative is applied to investigate the given models. The analogues of both the Wright function with its related definitions in fractal calculus and the convolution theorem in fractal calculus are proposed. All results in this paper have been obtained by applying certain tools such as the general Wright and Mittag-Leffler functions of three parameters and the convolution theorem in the sense of the fractal calculus. Moreover, a comparative analysis is conducted by solving the governing equation in the senses of the standard version and fractal calculus. It is obvious that whenα=γ=β=1{\alpha=\gamma=\beta=1}, we obtain the same results as in the standard version.
Minimum energy control of degenerate Cauchy problem with skew-Hermitian pencil
Authors: Benaoued Meriem , Bouagada Djillali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present research paper deals with the effectiveness of the control of an infinite-dimensional degenerate Cauchy problem with variable operator coefficients, skew-Hermitian pencil and bounded input condition. This study explores the minimum energy control problem. The investigation follows a set of methods to examine the procedure for developing a new result to solve the problem. Indeed, by the use of decomposition transformation of the considered system and the application of the Gramian operator, the formula of the process for controlling the system with minimum energy is obtained. Afterwards, a procedure to compute the optimal input for minimizing the performance index is then proposed. In a nutshell, the obtained results indicate that optimal control for minimizing the performance index ensures the solution of the minimum energy control of an infinite-dimensional degenerate Cauchy problem.
Relation theoretic contractions and their applications in b-metric like spaces
Authors: Tomar Anita , Joshi Meena , Padaliya S. K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We introduce a relational generalized Meir–Keeler contraction and a relational generalized Meir–Keeler contraction with rational terms in non-complete relational
b-metric like spaces in order to establish non-unique fixed point results for a discontinuous single-valued map.
Also, we provide an illustrative example to demonstrate that a relational generalized Meir–Keeler contraction with rational terms in a relational b-metric like space
admits discontinuity at the fixed point. Thereby, we provide a novel explanation via a binary relation to the question of the existence of a contractive map admitting a fixed point at the point of discontinuity.
Finally, we give applications to solve an initial value problem and a non-linear matrix equation which demonstrate the usability and effectiveness of our results.
Perinatal mortality audits and reporting of perinatal deaths: systematic review of outcomes and barriers
Authors: Gutman Arlene , Harty Tommy , O’Donoghue Keelin , Greene Richard , Leitao Sara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Perinatal deaths are a devastating experience for all families and healthcare professionals involved. Audit of perinatal mortality (PNM) is essential to better understand the factors associated with perinatal death, to identify key deficiencies in healthcare provision and should be utilised to improve the quality of perinatal care. However, barriers exist to successful audit implementation and few countries have implemented national perinatal audit programs.

Content
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and EBSCO host, including Medline, Academic Search Complete and CINAHL Plus databases for articles that were published from 1st January 2000. Articles evaluating perinatal mortality audits or audit implementation, identifying risk or care factors of perinatal mortality through audits, in middle and/or high-income countries were considered for inclusion in this review. Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. Incomplete datasets, nonstandard audit methods and classifications, and inadequate staff training were highlighted as barriers to PNM reporting and audit implementation. Failure in timely detection and management of antenatal maternal and fetal conditions and late presentation or failure to escalate care were the most common substandard care factors identified through audit. Overall, recommendations for perinatal audit focused on standardised audit tools and training of staff. Overall, the implementation of audit recommendations remains unclear.

Summary
This review highlights barriers to audit practices and emphasises the need for adequately trained staff to participate in regular audit that is standardised and thorough. To achieve the goal of reducing PNM, it is crucial that the audit cycle is completed with continuous re-evaluation of recommended changes.
Nasal bone in fetal aneuploidy risk assessment: are they independent markers in the first and second trimesters?
Authors: Bernardeco Joana , Cruz Jader , Rijo Claudia , Cohen Álvaro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In the mid-trimester ultrasound, nasal bone (NB) length can be used to correct the a priori risk for trisomy 21. Our study aims to evaluate if there is a correlation between an absent NB in the first trimester and a hypoplastic NB in the second trimester.

Methods
Our two year retrospective analysis of data derived from routine clinical practice. Single euploid fetuses were included. The NB was assessed in both trimesters according to international guidelines and transformed into categorical variables. Logistic regression was performed in order to accomplish our main objective.

Results
From the 759 normal pregnancies included, 45 (5.93%) had abnormal NB in the first trimester and 23 (3%) in the second trimester. Eleven cases (47.8%) of the abnormal NB in the second trimester were abnormal in the 11–14 weeks scan. After the diagnosis of an absent NB in the first trimester the odds ratio (OR) for a hypoplastic NB in the second trimester is 18.926 (7.791–45.977; p-value <0.01).

Conclusions
Our data suggest a strong association between the NB in the first and in the second trimester in normal euploid fetuses. This is important information to consider when counseling patients on the basis of this ultrasound marker.
Towards the Highest Good: Endless Progress and Its Totality in Kant’s Moral Argument for the Postulate of Immortality
Authors: Palatnik Nataliya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKant’smoral proofof the postulate of immortality in theCritique of Practical Reasonis often dismissed as a failed argument that trades on illicit conceptual shifts. I argue that Kant’s argument is more interesting and less problematic than is usually thought. I first examine its role in the secondCritique’sDialectic.I then point out that the standard interpretation, according to which the argument presupposes God’s intuitive grasp of the moral equivalence between the disposition to pursue holiness and its attainment, faces a number of philosophical and textual problems. I offer an alternative reading that avoids these problems. In particular, I stress the importance of Kant’s mathematized conception of the relationship between infinite progress towards an ideal goal and its attainment and argue that appealing to this conception allows Kant to meet a well-known criticism that his proof illegitimately substitutes the endless progress towards holiness for holiness itself.
Generalized analytic formula for spin Hall effect of light: shift enhancement and interface independence
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Lee Dasol , Kim Yeseul , Rho Junsuk 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) is the microscopic spin-dependent splitting of light at an optical interface. Whereas the spin Hall shift under linearly polarized light is well-formulated, studies on the SHEL under elliptically or circularly polarized light have primarily relied on numerical computation. In this work, an explicit analytic formula for the spin Hall shift is derived under arbitrarily polarized incidence. Furthermore, from this explicit expression, we demonstrate that the spin Hall shift can be enhanced at any incident angle by using polarization degree of freedom and is independent of the Fresnel coefficients of an interface under circularly polarized light. The analytic formula will help us understand the SHEL under general polarization intuitively and realize unprecedented modulation of the SHEL.
Fiscal Space Policies for Sustainable Development and Debt Relief: Empirical Analysis in West African Countries
Authors: Kazemikhasragh Amirreza , Buoni Pineda Marianna Vanessa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The uncertainty that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought demonstrates that income redistribution and traditional debt relief mechanisms are insufficient to meet public spending needs, mitigate external debt, and comply with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to reduce multilateral debt to sustainable levels. Also, West African countries have focused their attention on the long-term fight against poverty and inequality and strengthening their social programs, especially in primary health care and macroeconomic stability. However, for more than a decade, the developing and least developed countries of West Africa have faced rapidly weakening macroeconomic conditions, combining several interrelated crises such as the sharp decline in oil prices, volatile financial markets and tourism disruptions, a global recession, the crisis of climate change, and shortages of food and energy, along with the economic contraction of COVID-19. Data from these countries show that health spending increases economic growth, minimizes infant mortality rates, and reduces debt. Furthermore, increasing government spending efficiency reduces the total debt and improves the health sector, in particular.