bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoantigens as potential vaccines in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Repáraz David , Ruiz Marta , Llopiz Diana , Silva Leyre , Vercher Enric , Aparicio Belén , Egea Josune , Tamayo-Uria Ibon , Hervás-Stubbs Sandra , García-Balduz Jorge , Castro Carla , Iñarrairaegui Mercedes , Tagliamonte Maria , Mauriello Angela , Cavalluzzo Beatrice , Buonaguro Luigi , Rohrer Charlotte , Heim Kathrin , Tauber Catrin , Hofmann Maike , Thimme Robert , Sangro Bruno , Sarobe Pablo 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundNeoantigens, new immunogenic sequences arising from tumor mutations, have been associated with response to immunotherapy and are considered potential targets for vaccination. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a moderately mutated tumor, where the neoantigen repertoire has not been investigated. Our aim was to analyze whether tumors in HCC patients contain immunogenic neoantigens suitable for future use in therapeutic vaccination.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing and RNAseq were performed in a cohort of fourteen HCC patients submitted to surgery or liver transplant. To identify mutations, single-nucleotide variants (SNV) originating non-synonymous changes that were confirmed at the RNA level were analyzed. Immunogenicity of putative neoAgs predicted by HLA binding algorithms was confirmed by using in vitro HLA binding assays and T-cell stimulation experiments, the latter in vivo, by immunizing HLA-A*02.01/HLA-DRB1*01 (HHD-DR1) transgenic mice, and in in vitro, using human lymphocytes.ResultsSequencing led to the identification of a median of 1217 missense somatic SNV per patient, narrowed to 30 when filtering by using RNAseq data. A median of 13 and 5 peptides per patient were predicted as potential binders to HLA class I and class II molecules, respectively. Considering only HLA-A*02.01- and HLA-DRB1*01-predicted binders, 70% demonstrated HLA-binding capacity and about 50% were immunogenic when tested in HHD-DR1 mice. These peptides induced polyfunctional T cells that specifically recognized the mutated but not the wild-type sequence as well as neoantigen-expressing cells. Moreover, coimmunization experiments combining CD8 and CD4 neoantigen epitopes resulted in stronger CD8 T cell responses. Finally, responses against neoantigens were also induced in vitro using human cells.ConclusionThese results show that mutations in HCC tumors may generate immunogenic neoantigens with potential applicability for future combinatorial therapeutic strategies.
Assessing the validity of QRISK3 in predicting cardiovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhu Lisa , Singh Manpreet , Lele Sonia , Sahakian Lori , Grossman Jennifer , Hahn Bevra , McMahon Maureen 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTraditional cardiovascular risk calculators such as the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) have been shown to underestimate risk in patients with SLE. The QRISK3 calculator is unique in including SLE and corticosteroid use as risk factors. This study aims to assess the validity of QRISK3 compared with other cardiovascular risk models in a cohort of patients with SLE in the USA.MethodsWe studied a prospective cohort of 366 adult patients with SLE without history of any cardiovascular event and followed them for 10 years. We compared the diagnostic performance of QRISK3 with FRS, modified FRS, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD), and Predictors of Risk for Elevated Flares, Damage Progression and Increased Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with SLE (PREDICTS).ResultsSixty-four of the 366 patients (17.4%) experienced at least one cardiovascular event during the 10-year follow-up period. Of these patients 45% had a QRISK3 score >10%, whereas 20.5% of patients who did not have an event had a QRISK3 score >10% (p<0.001). The corresponding numbers for FRS, modified FRS, ASCVD and PREDICTS were 11.0% vs 7.2% (p=ns), 40.6% vs 28.0% (p=0.05), 12.2% vs 5.9% (p=ns), and 77% vs 32.1% (p<0.001), respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve using QRISK3 >10% and high-risk PREDICTS were both larger than those using ASCVD >10%, FRS >10% and modified FRS >10%.ConclusionsBoth QRISK3 and PREDICTS demonstrated better performance in predicting risk of cardiovascular disease in this cohort of patients with SLE compared with FRS, modified FRS and ASCVD.
DAAMSIM: A simulation framework for establishing detect and avoid SYSTEM requirements
Authors: Borshchova Iryna , Ellis Kristopher 
Published: February 2022

Performance requirements for detect, alert, and avoid (DAA) systems for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) are under development by many regulatory agencies and standards bodies. A DAA system can be decomposed into three functions, “detect” — situational awareness; “alert” — determination of traffic that may be in conflict, evaluation of the de-conflicting flight path, and informing the pilot-in-command; and “avoid” — avoidance maneuver execution, and determination of “clear of conflict”. The “Detect” function of a DAA system depends on the sensor, target, and environment characteristics (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio of the target vs. background). The “alert” function depends on conflict prediction algorithms and human factors requirements. The “avoid” function depends on the RPAS maneuvering performance, airspace “rules”, and the size of the protection volume. The aforementioned factors impact the time required to calculate, and execute, an avoidance maneuver that will guarantee a prescribed miss distance, and dominate the “detect” requirements of a sensor. This paper describes DAAMSim: a publicly available modeling and simulation framework, developed by the National Research Council of Canada, to support the determination of DAA system requirements, and evaluation of DAA system performance. The framework described herein incorporates the functional components including various sensor, tracker, and avoid models; data replay; visualization tools; and offline metrics. Further, this paper presents sample results of the framework’s ability to determine DAA system requirements for various degrees of RPAS and intruder performance, and concludes with a description of future work activities.
A quintessence dynamical dark energy model from ratio gravity
Authors: Liu Jackie C. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on the work of ratio gravity developed in 2018, which postulates the deformation of the cross ratio to associate with the physical model of gravity, we develop a mechanism to generate dynamical dark energy – a quintessence field coupled with gravity. Such model causes the dark energy behaving differently in early and late time universe. In the radiation-dominated-era and matter-dominated-era, the related analytical solutions of the quintessence field have an interesting property – starting as a constant field, then oscillating as the universe expands. By Markov Chain Monte Carlo search of the parameter space with the local measurement (Type Ia supernovae) in the Bayesian framework, the probed range of $$H_0$$

H
0

(within $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

) overlaps the $$H_0$$

H
0

value inferred from Planck CMB dataset by $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model.
A study of cylindrically symmetric solutions in $$f(R, \phi , X)$$ theory of gravity
Authors: Malik Adnan , Nafees Ayesha , Ali Akram , Butt Muhammad Naeem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, we aim to investigate some cylindrically symmetric solutions in a very well known modified theory named as $$f(R, \phi , X)$$

f
(
R
,
ϕ
,
X
)

theory of gravity, where the terms R, $$\phi $$
ϕ
and X are clarified as Ricci Scalar, scalar potential, and kinetic term respectively. For this purpose, we consider the cylindrically symmetric space-time to discuss the cylindrical solutions in some realistic regions. We further discuss six distinct cases of exact solutions using the field equations of $$f(R, \phi , X)$$

f
(
R
,
ϕ
,
X
)

modified theory of gravity. Furthermore, we set some suitable values of $$U_0$$

U
0

and $$\alpha $$
α
in $$f(R, \phi , X)=R+\alpha R^2 - V(\phi )+ X$$

f

(
R
,
ϕ
,
X
)

=
R
+
α

R
2

-
V

(
ϕ
)

+
X

for the investigation of well-known Levi–Civita and cosmic string solutions. The Energy conditions are also investigated for all different cases and observed that null energy conditions are violated, which is the indication of the existence of cylindrical wormholes.
Ventricular Dysfunction in Obese and Nonobese Rats with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Torres-Jacome Julian , Ortiz-Fuentes Brian Sabino , Bernabe-Sanchez Daniela , Lopez-Silva Benjamin , Velasco Myrian , Ita-Amador Martha Lucia , Albarado-Ibañez Alondra 
Published: February 2022

Obesity and dyslipidemias are both signs of metabolic syndrome, usually associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Here, we tried to identify cardiac electrical alteration and biomarkers in nonobese rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and these findings might lead to more lethal arrhythmias than obese animals. The MetS model was developed in Wistar rats with high-sucrose diet (20%), and after twenty-eight weeks were obtained two subgroups: obese (OMetS) and nonobese (NOMetS). The electrocardiogram was used to measure the ventricular arrhythmias and changes in the heart rate variability. Also, we measured ventricular hypertrophy and its relationship with electrical activity alterations of both ventricles, using micro-electrode and voltage clamp techniques. Also, we observed alterations in the contraction force of ventricles where a transducer was used to record mechanical and electrical papillary muscle, simultaneously. Despite both subgroups presenting long QT syndrome (

0.66
±
0.05

and

0.66
±
0.07

ms with respect to the

control

0.55
±
0.1

ms), the changes in the heart rate variability were present only in OMetS, while the NOMetS subgroup presented changes in QT interval variability (NOMetS

SD
=
1.8

,

SD
2
=
2.8

;

SD
1
/
SD
2
=
0.75

). Also, the NOMetS revealed tachycardia (10%;

p
<
0.05

) with changes in action potential duration (63% in the right papillary and 50% in the left papillary) in the ventricular papillary which are correlated with certain alterations in the potassium currents and the force of contraction. The OMetS showed an increase in action potential duration and the force of contraction in both ventricles, which are explained as bradycardia. Our results revealed lethal arrhythmias in both MetS subgroups, irrespectively of the presence of obesity. Consequently, the NOMetS showed mechanical-electrical alterations regarding ventricle hypertrophy that should be at the NOMetS, leading to an increase of CV mortality.
Time‐Dependent Impact of Sex on the Long‐Term Outcomes After Left Main Revascularization
Authors: Yoon Yong‐Hoon , Ahn Jung‐Min , Lee Jung Bok , Kang Do‐Yoon , Park Hanbit , Jeong Yeong Jin , Lee Junghoon , Kim Ju Hyeon , Yang Yujin , Hyun Junho , Lee Pil Hyung , Park Duk‐Woo , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: February 2022

Background
There are still limited data about the differential effect of sex on long‐term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for left main coronary artery disease. This extended follow‐up study of the MAIN‐COMPARE (Ten‐Year Outcomes of Stents Versus Coronary‐Artery Bypass Grafting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease) registry evaluated clinical outcomes beyond 10 years.

Methods and Results

Of 2240 patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (PCI=1102 and CABG=1138), all‐cause mortality, the composite of death, Q‐wave myocardial infarction, or stroke, and target vessel revascularization were separately evaluated in both sexes. Of 2240 patients, 631 (28.2%) were women and 1609 (71.8%) were men. Women had lower 10‐year incidences of death and serious composite outcomes than men. The adjusted 10‐year risks of adverse outcomes were similar in men. However, the adjusted 10‐year risks were different according to a prespecified period in women. In the short‐term (0–1 year) period, PCI had a significantly lower risk for serious composite outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19–0.91;
P
=0.03) compared with CABG. The adjusted risks for death and serious composite outcomes were significantly higher after PCI than after CABG, during the midterm (1–5 years) period (death; adjusted HR, 3.99; 95% CI, 2.01–7.92;
P
<0.001 and composite outcome; adjusted HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.59–5.39;
P
=0.001). Beyond 5 years, adjusted risks were similar after PCI and CABG in women.

Conclusions
In this 10‐year extended follow‐up study of patients undergoing left main coronary artery revascularization, we observed a time‐dependent impact of sex on the long‐term outcomes after PCI and CABG, especially in women, with significant interactions. However, these results warrant confirmation on larger series of studies.

Registration

URl:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02791412.
Gender Differences in International Cardiology Guideline Authorship: A Comparison of the US, Canadian, and European Cardiology Guidelines From 2006 to 2020
Authors: Rai Devesh , Kumar Ashish , Waheed Syed Hamza , Pandey Ritambhara , Guerriero Miranda , Kapoor Ankita , Tahir Muhammad Waqas , Zahid Salman , Hajra Adrija , Balmer‐Swain Mallory , Castelletti Silvia , Maas Angela H. E. M. , Grapsa Julia , Mulvagh Sharon , Zieroth Shelley , Kalra Ankur , Michos Erin D. , Gulati Martha 
Published: February 2022

Background
Women continue to be underrepresented in cardiology and even more so in leadership positions. We evaluated the trends and gender differences in the guideline writing groups of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS), and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines from 2006 to 2020.

Methods and Results

We extracted all guidelines authors from 2006 to 2020, assessed their gender from publicly available profiles, and compared differences based on subspecialties and specific societies. Stratified and trend analyses were performed using χ
2
and average annual percentage change/average 5 year percentage change. A total of 80 ACC/AHA (1288 authors [28% women]), 64 CCS (988 authors [26% women]), and 59 ESC (1157 authors [16% women]) guidelines were analyzed. A significant increase in inclusion of women was seen in ACC/AHA (12.6% [2006] to 42.6% [2020]; average annual percentage change, 6.6% [2.3% to 11.1%];
P
=0.005) and ESC (7.1% [2006] to 25.8% [2020]; average annual percentage change, 6.6% [0.2% to 13.5%];
P
=0.04), but the trend remained similar in CCS (20.6% [2006] to 36.3% [2020]; average annual percentage change, −0.1% (−3.7% to 3.5%);
P
=0.94), guideline authors. More women were coauthors in the ACC/AHA and ESC guidelines when women were chairs of guidelines. There was a persistent disparity of women among guideline authors for general cardiology and all subspecialties, except for pediatric cardiology and heart failure guidelines. The appointment of women authors as a chair was significantly low in all societies (22.4% [ACC/AHA], 16.9% [CCS], and 7.2% [ESC];
P
=0.008).

Conclusions
There is a significant disparity in the inclusion of women on all national guideline committees, in addition to serving as a chair of cardiology guidelines. Further advocacy is required to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in our cardiology guidelines globally.
The Diverse Roles of Bangladesh’s Diaspora Communities in Jihadism
Authors: Mostofa Shafi Md 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Diaspora radicalisation has increasingly become a source of major concern for home and host countries, especially with technology facilitating easier communication with the global village. The popular perception used to be that expatriates were less vulnerable to radicalisation, but this paper argues that in reality the scenario is completely different. Using a desk-based literature review and interviews in Dhaka, and focusing on the Bangladeshi diaspora, the findings of the study show that members of the diaspora communities have increasingly been targeted, or indeed target other members, for radicalisation. Radical expatriates have not only recruited new members online and raised funds to support terrorism, they have also provided charismatic leadership, thereby directing extremist groups from the front.
Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis due to an Abnormal Wharton’s Duct Draining to the Tonsillar Fossa
Authors: Sánchez Barrueco Alvaro , Guerra Gutiérrez, MD Félix , Díaz Tapia Gonzalo , Cenjor Español Carlos 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Chronic obstructive sialadenitis (COS) is an entity that causes a marked loss in patient quality of life, including changes in eating habits and a progressive loss of gland function. It is characterized by repeated episodes of painful glandular swelling often requiring emergency care. There are multiple causes of COS, including lithiasis, strictures, anatomical variants, and others. The development of specific imaging tests such as magnetic resonance (MR) sialography or sialendoscopy have increased knowledge of these obstructions and how to specifically treat them. Case Summary: We present an unusual case of a woman with a years-long history of chronic obstructive sialadenitis in which an abnormal path of Wharton’s duct was in evidence. This duct, which was atrophic and smaller in diameter, opened in the tonsillar fossa rather than lateral to the lingual frenulum. This case, the first in vivo description of its kind, was confirmed by MR sialography and sialendoscopy. Discussion: Congenital anomalies of the submandibular duct are a rare finding, but may cause COS. Therefore, COS requires a detailed diagnostic study, usually by ultrasound, MR sialography and sialendoscopy, to rule out complex anatomical variants.
Success of Implantable Doppler Probes for Monitoring Buried Free Flaps
Authors: Dunklebarger Mitchell Frye , McCrary Hilary , King Brody , Carpenter Patrick , Buchmann Luke , Hunt Jason , Cannon Richard 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to describe the operative success of completely buried free flaps and to determine the safety/reliability of using implantable dopplers for postoperative monitoring in completely buried free flaps.Study DesignA retrospective chart review was conducted from 2014 to 2020. Patients were included who had implantable dopplers placed for monitoring a completely buried free flap without a visible skin paddle.SettingSingle academic cancer hospital.MethodsPatient charts were reviewed to determine flap viability after surgery, need for reoperation, and ability of implanted doppler probes to detected change in free flap status.ResultsA total of 65 patients were included. Locations of flaps were as follows: pharynx, 76.9%; skull base, 7.7%; trachea, 6.2%; esophagus, 4.6%; and facial reanimation, 4.6%. Types of free flaps performed included radial forearm (50.8%), anterolateral thigh (44.6%), and gracilis (4.6%). One patient (1.5%) returned to the operating room for vascular compromise, which was accurately detected by the implantable doppler and salvaged. All free flaps were viable upon hospital discharge based on clinical examination and implantable doppler signals. There were no complications related to implantable doppler use.ConclusionsImplantable dopplers are an effective method for evaluating postoperative success of completely buried free flaps. In our series utilizing implantable dopplers, buried free flap survival was higher than traditionally thought. The use of implanted dopplers for monitoring buried free flaps allows for an effective, cosmetically appealing, and simplified reconstructive technique.
Denials ‘From Seabed to Space’: Assemblages of (In)Security and Denial in the Politics of Security
Authors: Mnatsakanyan Tatevik 
Published: February 2022

Despite critiques of denials broadly underlying Critical International Relations deconstructions of state, security and subjectivity, there is little explicit exploration of the ontological status of denial, and how denials operate in the politics of (in)security. Animated by the question, why and how web of actors and interests traversing the public and private spheres involved in the provision of security endure despite long-running critique, this article problematises = denials. An explicit theorisation of denial needs to be put centre stage in the study of security. Drawing on Dillon’s theorisation of the unstable duality of (in)security and synthesising it with a Deleuze and Guattarian assemblage approach, it theorises denial in two forms – denial of complicity and denial of the impossibility of security – as ontologically necessary for the politics of (in)security; then proposes that we scrutinise and expose assemblages of (in)security. These assemblages form, endure and expand, by thriving on denials of the impossibility of security and its attendant complicities; forming symbioses of denial traversing the public-private realms. Assemblages of (in)security adapt, expand, and propagate new technologies of (in)security, often ironically by responding to demands from critique. Without an assemblage-based thinking, we are methodologically ill-equipped to trace, expose and critique the politics of (in)security, without unwittingly partaking in denials sustaining it. Des dénis « du fond des océans jusqu’à l’espace » : agencements d’(in)sécurité et déni dans la politique de sécurité
Opioid use disorder in anaesthesia and intensive care: Prevention, diagnosis and management
Authors: Murnion Bridin P , Demirkol Apo 
Published: February 2022

Opioid misuse is common, as is opioid agonist treatment of opioid dependence. Almost 3% of Australians and over 3.5% of those living in New Zealand report misuse of analgesics. Over 50,000 Australians receive opioid agonist treatment with methadone or buprenorphine for management of severe opioid use disorder. The perioperative period is an opportunity to identify pre-existing opioid misuse, and to introduce interventions to reduce the risk of development of opioid use disorder. Challenges of acute perioperative pain management or intensive care management of patients receiving opioid agonist treatment include opioid tolerance and ongoing prescribing of methadone or buprenorphine. There has been some ambiguity about the optimal perioperative management of buprenorphine, a partial agonist at the mu receptor. In this article, a framework to identify emerging opioid misuse problems, identify risk of overdose and to manage the opioid-dependent patient on opioid agonist treatment perioperatively or in the intensive care unit is provided. Diagnostic criteria and risk stratification criteria are presented. Management strategies include trauma-informed care, care planning and care coordination with community practitioners and opioid agonist treatment providers. Continuing methadone or buprenorphine perioperatively with additional opioid and non-opioid analgesia is generally recommended. Increased opioid agonist treatment doses may be required on discharge. An algorithm for decisions about opioid agonist treatment management in the intensive care unit based on the risks of opioid withdrawal and toxicity is considered. Strategies for managing the opioid-dependent patient who is not in treatment are also discussed.