bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GSK-3β Localizes to the Cardiac Z-Disc to Maintain Length Dependent Activation
Authors: Stachowski-Doll Marisa J. , Papadaki Maria , Martin Thomas G. , Ma Weikang , Gong Henry M. , Shao Stephanie , Shen Shi , Muntu Nitha Aima , Kumar Mohit , Perez Edith , Martin Jody L. , Moravec Christine S. , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Campbell Stuart G. , Irving Thomas , Kirk Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Altered kinase localization is gaining appreciation as a mechanism of cardiovascular disease. Previous work suggests GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) localizes to and regulates contractile function of the myofilament. We aimed to discover GSK-3β’s in vivo role in regulating myofilament function, the mechanisms involved, and the translational relevance.

Methods:
Inducible cardiomyocyte-specific GSK-3β knockout mice and left ventricular myocardium from nonfailing and failing human hearts were studied.

Results:
Skinned cardiomyocytes from knockout mice failed to exhibit calcium sensitization with stretch indicating a loss of length-dependent activation (LDA), the mechanism underlying the Frank-Starling Law. Titin acts as a length sensor for LDA, and knockout mice had decreased titin stiffness compared with control mice, explaining the lack of LDA. Knockout mice exhibited no changes in titin isoforms, titin phosphorylation, or other thin filament phosphorylation sites known to affect passive tension or LDA. Mass spectrometry identified several z-disc proteins as myofilament phospho-substrates of GSK-3β. Agreeing with the localization of its targets, GSK-3β that is phosphorylated at Y216 binds to the z-disc. We showed pY216 was necessary and sufficient for z-disc binding using adenoviruses for wild-type, Y216F, and Y216E GSK-3β in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. One of GSK-3β’s z-disc targets, abLIM-1 (actin-binding LIM protein 1), binds to the z-disc domains of titin that are important for maintaining passive tension. Genetic knockdown of abLIM-1 via siRNA in human engineered heart tissues resulted in enhancement of LDA, indicating abLIM-1 may act as a negative regulator that is modulated by GSK-3β. Last, GSK-3β myofilament localization was reduced in left ventricular myocardium from failing human hearts, which correlated with depressed LDA.

Conclusions:
We identified a novel mechanism by which GSK-3β localizes to the myofilament to modulate LDA. Importantly, z-disc GSK-3β levels were reduced in patients with heart failure, indicating z-disc localized GSK-3β is a possible therapeutic target to restore the Frank-Starling mechanism in patients with heart failure.
School Climate, Cortical Structure, and Socioemotional Functioning: Associations across Family Income Levels
Authors: Hackman Daniel A. , Duan Lei , McConnell Emily E. , Lee Woo Jung , Beak Arielle S. , Kraemer David J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSchool climates are important for children's socioemotional development and may also serve as protective factors in the context of adversity. Nevertheless, little is known about the potential neural mechanisms of such associations, as there has been limited research concerning the relation between school climate and brain structure, particularly for brain regions relevant for mental health and socioemotional functioning. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the role of school climate differs depending on children's socioeconomic status. We addressed these questions in baseline data for 9- to 10-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (analytic sample for socioemotional outcomes, n = 8887), conducted at 21 sites across the United States. Cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume were derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. School climate was measured by youth report, and socioemotional functioning was measured by both youth and parent report. A positive school climate and higher family income were associated with lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with no evidence of moderation. There were no associations between school climate and cortical thickness or subcortical volume, although family income was positively associated with hippocampal volume. For cortical surface area, however, there was both a positive association with family income and moderation: There was an interaction between school climate and income for total cortical surface area and locally in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In all cases, there was an unexpected negative association between school climate and cortical surface area in the lower-income group. Consequently, although the school climate appears to be related to better socioemotional function for all youth, findings suggest that the association between a positive school environment and brain structure only emerges in the context of socioeconomic stress and adversity. Longitudinal data are needed to understand the role of these neural differences in socioemotional functioning over time.
A mixed-modeling framework for whole-brain dynamic network analysis
Authors: Bahrami Mohsen , Laurienti Paul J. , Shappell Heather M. , Dagenbach Dale , Simpson Sean L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The emerging area of dynamic brain network analysis has gained considerable attention in recent years. However, development of multivariate statistical frameworks that allow for examining the associations between phenotypic traits and dynamic patterns of system-level properties of the brain, and drawing statistical inference about such associations, has largely lagged behind. To address this need we developed a mixed-modeling framework that allows for assessing the relationship between any desired phenotype and dynamic patterns of whole-brain connectivity and topology. This novel framework also allows for simulating dynamic brain networks with respect to desired covariates. Unlike current tools, which largely use data-driven methods, our model-based method enables aligning neuroscientific hypotheses with the analytic approach. We demonstrate the utility of this model in identifying the relationship between fluid intelligence and dynamic brain networks by using resting-state fMRI (rfMRI) data from 200 participants in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) study. We also demonstrate the utility of this model to simulate dynamic brain networks at both group and individual levels. To our knowledge, this approach provides the first model-based statistical method for examining dynamic patterns of system-level properties of the brain and their relationships to phenotypic traits as well as simulating dynamic brain networks.
Ontopoetics and the Environmental Philosophy of John Moriarty
Authors: Ward Nora 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I explore the environmental philosophy of Irish philosopher-poet, John Moriarty, particularly focusing on his use of narrative to convey philosophical principles and ideals relating to a sustainable co-existence. It is through story that Moriarty redirects environmental philosophy from a domain of knowledge in an epistemic objectivist sense to one of imagination, inviting the reader to experientially cultivate categories of perception and identification that supplement and transcend dominant forms of scientific-reductionism. Moriarty’s philomythical approach attests to an inherent strangeness, invoking those aspects of reality that lie outside the causal paradigms of human understanding, and problematizing a posture of human hubris in relation to the land. To draw out these characteristics, I locate Moriarty’s work in the framework of ontopoetics, suggesting that Moriarty is an environment animateur of sorts, opening up the symbolic and poetic potential of the landscape, and fostering relations of meaningful engagement with the natural world.
Understanding the Resistance Trajectories of Land Grabbing: An Endeavour of Santals in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Ashrafuzzaman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Land grabbing and resistance process are widely known phenomena across the globe. The incident of land grabbing meets various forms of resistance and conflict, as land grabbing is accompanied by violence that leads to the eviction. Accordingly, the resistance process produces diverse outcomes – successful or unsuccessful resistance to land grabs – depending on the extent of interactions. To keep that in mind, this paper focuses on ‘claim-making’ and ‘counter claim-making processes’ between the government actors and Santals in Bangladesh, employing the theoretical framework of contentious politics devised by Charles Tilly. To substantiate the resistance trajectories, the study has employed qualitative research methods, in addition to the theoretical approach of contentious politics. Therefore, the study demonstrated the failed resistance campaign (or failing) – appears to be a product of limited opportunity – exacerbated by a frame that failed to universalise the struggle, which compounded the Santal’s marginal status.
Disentangling the Vernacular in Bolivia and Decolonising the Law
Authors: Eichler Jessika 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This piece critically engages with the spaces of encounter between indigenous peoples and the (Bolivian) State by exploring indigenous subordination and inequalities in a socio-legal sense. It explores ‘epistemological oppression’ and ‘epistemological hesitance’ as it arises and is being responded to in i) the vernacular, in empirical realities, ii) in constitutional law and its principles, iii) and in international legal orders including indigenous peoples’ rights regimes. In a first step, indigenous knowledge is conceptualised and contextualised, understanding said encounters in the light of Bolivian constitutionalism and recent regressive indigenous politics under the intermittent right-wing government. Empirical, grassroots perspectives provide further insights into power dynamics and internalised asymmetries which become relevant to understand the knowledge-law nexus. In turn, we disentangle the constitutive elements of neo-colonial subordination, drawing on concepts of sovereignty, self-determination, citizenship and collective rights, and political recognition. Finally, hope is placed in the decolonising function of the law, international law in particular in the way it may reposition indigenous peoples vis-à-vis the State. A dedicated focus is placed on indigenous knowledge and its consideration in current jurisprudential developments. Constitutional law – Andean developments in particular – too is taken as a legal starting point for contextualising indigenous-State encounters, seen with decolonising lenses. In that sense, contemporary State architectures serve as unavoidable spaces of articulation that may reinforce neo-colonial tendencies through classical Western constitutionalism or create ambitious venues for indigenous rights to be recognised in a plural legal landscape.
The Long Waiting for Relocating Capital City in Tanzania: The Continuity of the Game Changer and the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Kessy Ambrose T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many cities in Africa have their legacy to the colonial masters’ influences. This can be seen in the design of many capital cities created along the coastal areas as transmission centers to dispatch primary raw materials in exchange for manufactured products. Some countries realized the need to establish or relocate their capital cities according to their needs, Tanzania being one of them. However, putting this idea into practice has not been without some serious challenges. The recent successful move by the government of Tanzania to shift her national capital city from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma provides a classic example in terms of challenges and lessons. This paper argues that the successful shifting of the government from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma is a combination of many factors. However, the main one was the strong political commitment of the fifth government and later the continuity of the sixth government to provide strategic leadership in implementing the idea conceived more than forty years by the first President of Tanzania. The article provides critical insights into the conceptualization and strategies adopted to create a new capital city for Tanzania. It also considered some literature on the transfer of capital cities in other parts of the world. It concludes by stressing that the solid personal drives shown by both President John Magufuli and later President Samia Suluhu Hassan has broken the long-held taboo of empty words since the early seventies. This is because many efforts by the previous government to move the city were bogged down by intractable management problems and a lack of foreign exchange.
Contesting the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ in Southeast Asia: Rejection or Normative Resistance?
Authors: Maulana Zain , Newman Edward 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article explores the engagement of Southeast Asian states with the Responsibility to Protect principle (R2P) in relation to the Rohingya in Myanmar and the ‘war on drugs’ in the Philippines. It finds a form of contestation based upon subsidiary principles and local interests in which states have offered normative resistance to international scrutiny in order to justify their limited response to the atrocities. Elite stakeholders have emphasised that asean already has principles and frameworks to address abuses – which reflect the historical experience, social context, and political culture of the region – in order to support their resistance to R2P. While existing debates about the R2P principle in Southeast Asia tend to be oriented around the opposing poles of incremental adaptation and adoption versus outright rejection, our conclusion is distinct: R2P is consciously contested in Southeast Asia on normative grounds which must be understood in the context of the region.
Taxonomic revision of the minute litter bug subgenus Schizoptera (Zygophleps) McAtee & Malloch, 1925 (Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha: Schizopteridae)
Authors: Albuquerque Flavio , Fernandes Jose A.M. , Weirauch Christiane 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Schizoptera Fieber is a monophyletic and the largest genus of minute litter bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha). Its current concept is supported by a recent molecular phylogeny and comprises nearly 90 described extant and two fossil species divided into four subgenera: Schizoptera (Cantharocoris), Schizoptera (Odontorhagus), Schizoptera (Schizoptera) and Schizoptera (Zygophleps). We here taxonomically revise the subgenus Schizoptera (Zygophleps), which so far contains Schizoptera unica McAtee & Malloch, 1925 from Guatemala and Schizoptera corallia Emsley, 1969, Schizoptera simla Emsley, 1969, and Schizoptera ultima Emsley, 1969 from Trinidad. The subgenus is diagnosed by the unique triangular shape of the posterior membranal cell. The following 36 species are here described: Schizoptera aculeata sp.n., Schizoptera applanata sp.n., Schizoptera bella sp.n., Schizoptera biancae sp.n., Schizoptera cassiae sp.n., Schizoptera confusa sp.n., Schizoptera costarriquenha sp.n., Schizoptera cuspida sp.n., Schizoptera ecuadoriana sp.n., Schizoptera elegantissima sp.n., Schizoptera emsleyi sp.n., Schizoptera erosa sp.n., Schizoptera erwini sp.n., Schizoptera falcata sp.n., Schizoptera familia sp.n., Schizoptera furcata sp.n., Schizoptera fuscodorsata sp.n., Schizoptera hirsuta sp.n., Schizoptera inaequalis sp.n., Schizoptera inca sp.n., Schizoptera kayi sp.n., Schizoptera knyshovi sp.n., Schizoptera magnifica sp.n., Schizoptera mallochi sp.n., Schizoptera mcateei sp.n., Schizoptera orellanensis sp.n., Schizoptera paraensis sp.n., Schizoptera peruviana sp.n., Schizoptera pichincha sp.n., Schizoptera pinduca sp.n., Schizoptera prima sp.n., Schizoptera priva sp.n., Schizoptera ramosa sp.n., Schizoptera solitaria sp.n., Schizoptera speira sp.n., and Schizoptera stricta sp.n. The majority of species herein described were collected in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Ecuador, expanding the known distribution of the subgenus. We provide diagnoses, descriptions, photographs of habitus and subgenital plates, line drawings of diagnostic male genitalic features, and a distribution map. A key to species based on males is also presented.
Introduction: Education, Identity, and Development in Contemporary Taiwan
Authors: Vickers Edward , Lin Tzu-Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mass formal education is a feature of modern societies all too often taken for granted or overlooked in mainstream sociological analysis. In this respect, the field of Taiwan studies is no exception. This introductory essay sets the three papers of this topical section in historical and comparative perspective, particularly in relation to East Asia. The papers show how education policy in contemporary Taiwan has evolved in a context of vibrant democracy, economic transition, demographic squeeze, and, looming over all, the threat from the Chinese mainland. Our focus falls especially on higher education and language instruction, and their involvement in debates over economic prosperity, security, identity, and Taiwan’s place in the world. A central theme of this introductory essay is the way in which educational debate in Taiwan is conditioned by awareness of insecurity—at individual, familial and societal levels. The intensely competitive, human capital-oriented approach to education that predominates there is bound up in complex ways with the insecurities of life on this island.
The pci: The Communist Giraffe
Authors: Castellina Luciana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This commentary offers an insight into ‘the Gramsci genome’, the concept typically used to underline Gramsci’s influence on the historical experience of the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano; pci). Drawing on a personal and specific experience of political militancy within the party, this contribution explores how the pci, by assuming the role of a collective subject in Gramscian terms, pursued the Gramscian line of revolution as a protracted process of democratic expansion and conquest of essential forms of power in civil society. The article underlines the pivotal role played in this endeavour by party leadership until the death of Palmiro Togliatti; it assesses the events that led to the end of pci – including Berlinguer’s failed attempt to revive a left alternative after the historic compromise position; and underlines the persistent need for communism (a ‘more robust communism’) in view of the disaster caused by capitalism over the last 40 years.
Parliamentary Privileges and the Indian Inhibition
Authors: Chatterjee Anuparna , Patel Shubhank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The parliamentary privileges extended to Indian parliamentarians have long remained a cumbersome power granted to the legislature at both Central and State level. However, this power raises a contentious issue in its current embodiment within the domain of India. Since this particular aspect of legislation is a souvenir of British influence on the Indian legislative system, it gives rise toa dichotomous train of thought. Initially, resistance to codification was justified on the basic of the uncertainty of the drafters of the Constitution with respect to the needs of the future legislations and the desire to keep it flexible. However, recent instances of the invocation of parliamentary privileges in the country have allowed these privileges to exert greater influence over Fundamental Rights, granting exemption to legislators found guilty of offences such as bribery and expediting the need to reach a conclusion on the topic of codification into a separate regulation which entails the existence of these privileges within the Indian definition of law. The aim of this paper is to determine the essence of what the two sides of the conflict are asserting and make a conclusive determination of the stance that will prove the most beneficial for governance in accordance with constitutional provisions of India.
The Impact of Interacting Climate Modes on East Australian Precipitation Moisture Sources
Authors: Holgate Chiara , Evans Jason P. , Taschetto Andréa S. , Gupta Alex Sen , Santoso Agus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Modes of climate variability can drive significant changes to regional climate affecting extremes such as droughts, floods, and bushfires. The need to forecast these extremes and expected future increases in their intensity and frequency motivates a need to better understand the physical processes that connect climate modes to regional precipitation. Focusing on east Australia, where precipitation is driven by multiple interacting climate modes, this study provides a new perspective into the links between large-scale modes of climate variability and precipitation. Using a Lagrangian back-trajectory approach, we examine how El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modifies the supply of evaporative moisture for precipitation, and how this is modulated by the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and southern annular mode (SAM). We demonstrate that La Niña modifies large-scale moisture transport together with local thermodynamic changes to facilitate local precipitation generation, whereas below-average precipitation during El Niño stems predominantly from increased regional subsidence. These dynamic–thermodynamic processes were often more pronounced during co-occurring La Niña/negative IOD and El Niño/positive IOD periods. As the SAM is less strongly correlated with ENSO, the impact of co-occurring ENSO and SAM largely depended on the state of ENSO. La Niña–related processes were exacerbated when combined with +SAM and dampened when combined with −SAM, and vice versa during El Niño. This new perspective on how interacting climate modes physically influence regional precipitation can help elucidate how model biases affect the simulation of Australian climate, facilitating model improvement and understanding of regional impacts from long-term changes in these modes.

Significance Statement
How climate modes modulate the oceanic and terrestrial sources of moisture for rainfall in east Australia is investigated. East Australia is wetter during La Niña because more moisture is transported into the region and is more easily turned into rainfall when it arrives, whereas drier conditions during El Niño are because local conditions inhibit the conversion of moisture into rainfall. Distant atmospheric changes over the Indian and Southern Oceans can intensify these changes. Our results can be used to better understand and predict the regional impact of long-term changes in these modes of climate variability, which are potentially altered under climate change.