bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MODAL, TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI KECAMATAN PAJANGAN BANTUL
Authors: Sidik Siti Sarah , Ilmiah Dunyati 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK
UMKM merupakan salah satu sektor ekonomi yang peranannya sangat besar terhadap perekonomian di Indonesia. Namun, sebagian besar UMKM belum berkembang optimal karena beberapa kendala. Salah satunya adalah modal, tingkat pendidikan, teknologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh modal, tingkat pendidikan dan teknologi terhadap pendapatan UMKM di Kecamatan Pajangan, Bantul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jumlah populasi sebesar 407 UMKM dan sampel sebesar 40 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji f dan analisis koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Variabel Modal (X1) tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pendapatan (Y) berdasarkan hasil nilai uji t-hitung (-.151) < t-tabel (2.02809). Variabel Tingkat Pendidikan (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pendapatan (Y) berdasarkan hasil nilai t-hitung (3.557) > t-tabel (2.02809). Variabel Teknologi (X3) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pendapatan (Y) berdasarkan hasil nilai t-hitung (3.901) > t-tabel (2.02809). Nilai signifikansi untuk pengaruh X1, X2 dan X3 secara simultan terhadap Y adalah sebesar 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai f-hitung (9.112) > f-tabel (2.86), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh X1(modal), X2(tingkat pendidikan) dan X3(teknologi) secara simultan terhadap Y(pendapatan).
Kata Kunci : Modal, Tingkat Pendidikan, Teknologi, Pendapatan
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM OBTAINED FROM OUT-PATIENTS FROM SELECTED HOSPITALS IN KADUNA STATE
Authors: Osagiede Nicholas Osazuyi , Yayock H. C. , Ndife J. 
Published: April 2022

Molecular detection of Plasmodium falciparum based on PCR amplification is generally very specific and sensitive test for determining the species of Plasmodium present in the blood of an individual than the microscopy-based diagnosis from blood smears. Thirty-two (32) microscopic malaria positive blood samples were collected from some patients between November 2013 to March 2014 from three major hospitals.Plasmodium DNA was extracted from the 32 blood samples collected from the malaria-positive patients confirmed by microscopy and the DNA amplification was done by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The amplified COX3 gene of each malaria isolates were further characterized using Agarose gel electrophoresis while sequence identification was performed by using GenBank’s BLAST algorithm. After the completion of the agarose gel electrophoresis the bands indicating amplified Cox3 gene by PCR was observed in four (4) plasmodium positive blood samples out of the 32 samples analyzed. Amplified band for COX3 gene was located at 300bp position on the DNA ladder on the agarose gel plate for sample 1, 9 and 24 all from Kagarko general hospital while sample 28 was from GwannaAwan general hospital. The BLAST results showed that the P. falciparum DNA sequences aligned at 98-99% similarity with those deposited in the GenBank confirming the parasite isolated from the patients were P. falciparum. The use of PCR diagnosis to compliment microscopy examination of stained blood smears in our medical centres is strongly recommended so that an accurate detection of malaria parasites in blood will help to institute proper drug therapy
EVALUATION OF THE SUBSURFACE STRUCTURES IN PART OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF GUSAU CAMPUS , ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Shaibu Isah , Ovwasa M. O. , Misbahu A. 
Published: April 2022

Geo-electric evaluations of the subsurface structures of federal University Gusau Campus, Zamfara State, Nigeria were carried out using vertical electrical soundings technique (VES). The area lies within the Pre-Cambian Basement Complex of Northern Nigeria. Thirty-six (36) vertical electrical soundings (VES) along six profiles (A-F) were carried out during the survey. The surveys were carried out on grid 500m by 500m. The data obtained were interpreted using computer based program named Zohdy. The result of the interpreted curves reveals three distinct geo-electric curves types were delineated: K, H and HK-curves with H-type having the most prolific aquifer. The result also shows 3 geo-electric layers which were confirm by some borehole lithology. The aquifers in the study area are likely to be found in the fractured basement layers of western and southeastern parts of the study area. The civil engineering work can be sited mostly in the northern and southwestern parts of the study area which are the region of shallow basement within t=he study areas. Further boreholes in the area should reached an effective depth of 75m to 90m and the borehole be supervised by a certified hydrogeologist for optimum groundwater yields. Pumping test should be carried out in order to ascertain the size and type of submersible pump to install.
INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BOGORO AND ENVIRONS, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Authors: Yohanna A. , Musa N. , Balogun F. A. , Agada E. A. , Adamu A. , Galumje S. S. 
Published: April 2022

The quality of drinking water in some selected areas of Bogoro and its Environs in Bauchi State, Nigeria, were investigated in order to assure a continuous supply of clean and safe drinking water for public health protection and analyze the spatiotemporal variation of groundwater quality in the area. A rigorous physical and chemical study of drinking water samples was conducted in some residential and commercial areas. For each water sample collected during dry and wet seasons, a variety of physical characteristics such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical parameters such as Ca, Na, K, SO24, PO24, F, Cl, Cu, Mg, Fe, and Mn were analyzed. The resulting values for each parameter were compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) and European Union (EU) standards. The values of each parameter were found to be within the permissible limits with the exception of Turbidity with an average value of 7.55mg/L, Fluoride (0.52mg/L), Iron 0.69mg/L which were above the permissible limit. The implications of ingestion of these contaminants include Gastro-Intestinal distress, liver or kidney damage with some other health implications. However, in order to assess the total water quality of water in the area, it’s necessary to analyze other potential water contaminations, such as heavy metals, microbiological and radioactive elements, and human body fluids. Based on these findings, it’s recommended that Public health institutions should intensify awareness and enlightenment campaigns to water users on procedures and water treatment techniques.
Saldo Kas Minimal dan Optimalisasi Kas Pemerintah
Authors: Mulyono Agung 
Published: April 2022

Cash minimum policy on General State of Cash Account or RKUN is aimed to fulfill cash needed for funding budget execution. That policy has possibility to be changed due to cash optimization purposes and advancement of banking technology. Study intend to increase our understanding about state cash management especially for cash balance on RKUN and explore a discourse in development of optimum cash management on RKUN for managing Government’s cost of fund. This paper uses simple average simulation, Boumol’s model dan Miller-Orr’s model with exploiting daily cash transaction on RKUN for 3 years to derive the form of the optimal cash balance under different assumptions about transaction costs and the demand for funds. Output of all models shows that amount of optimum cash on RKUN in the end of day should be smaller than the amount of cash set by cash minumun policy worth to Rp 2 billion. The result may open further discussion for policy changes on Government cash management.
Administración estratégica en las pymes de Tungurahua y su impacto en la reactivación post pandemia
Authors: Paredes Ocaña Álvaro Santiago , Gallardo Medina Washington Marcelo 
Published: April 2022

Introducción. Las Pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) son aquellas empresas que se dedican a varias actividades en la provincia de Tungurahua, anualmente facturan varios miles de dólares por las ventas de sus bienes y servicios, este sector fue golpeado fuertemente por la pandemia, por tanto, se aplicaron varias estrategias de administración para que continúen funcionando. Objetivo. Determinar el impacto de la administración estratégica para el desarrollo de estrategias e implementarlas en los departamentos más vitales de cualquier organización. Metodología. La población consta de 381 empresas de bienes y servicios registradas en el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, para desarrollar la investigación fue necesario aplicar el método descriptivo por medio de una encuesta hacia el personal administrativo, para dar el nivel de confiabilidad fue necesario calcular el coeficiente de confiabilidad conocido como Alpha de Cronbach, a su vez se requirió elaborar un marco teórico para lo cual fue necesario aplicar el método bibliográfico para recolectar todas las definiciones detalladas en la presente investigación. Resultados. El 38% las empresas de la provincia de Tungurahua realizan un análisis FODA para desarrollar las estrategias las cuales se involucran con los departamentos de marketing, ventas, producción, administración, finanzas y producción, el 50% de estas empresas emplea indicadores para elaborar informes que permita medir la efectividad de las estrategias implementadas. La administración estratégica es vital para la implementación de estrategias y poder realizar las actividades acordes a la realidad sanitaria que afronta la provincia y mundo entero. Conclusión. La pandemia ocasionó que se busque la innovación en el método de funcionamiento de cualquier empresa, por tanto, fue necesario realizar los análisis y desarrollar estrategias en base al funcionamiento de cada departamento, evaluarlas por medio de indicadores y controlarlas por medio de datos estadísticos.
Status of Red Blood Cell Indices in Iron Deficiency Anemia and β Thalassaemia Trait: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mondal Biva , Parvez Mashud , Rana Md Masud , Rahman Lotifur , Zahan Rowshan , Pal Kishor Chandra , Khan Waqer Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and b thalassemia trait (b -TT) are the two important differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anaemia. It is important to distinguish between the above two conditions to avoid unnecessary iron therapy. Red blood cell (RBCs) indices are simple, easy, and cost effective method to get a primary and valuable information regarding the diagnosis of IDA and b -TT.
Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct%), RBC indices, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and redcell distribution width index (RDWI) in Iron deficiency anemia and b thalassemia trait.
Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the department of clinical pathology, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka from July 2019 to March 2020. Total 107 patients with microcytic hypochromic anaemia (64 subjects of IDA and 43 subjects of b -TT were tested for RBC count, Hb%, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and PCV from venous blood by haematology analyser. Serum ferritin was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 22. Statistical significance was set at p value less than 0.05.
Results: RBC count, Hb, and Hct,MCV, MCH and MCHC were significantly lower and RDW and RDWI was significantly higher in IDA group than in b- TT group (p< 0.001). Similar result was observed in male and female participants when compared them in separate group.
Conclusion: The study showed that RBC count, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were significantly lower in IDA group than in b-TT group, whereas RDW and RDWI were significantly higher in IDA group than in b-TT group.
DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 9-14
Clinico-pathological Profile of Childhood Nonhodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Hasan Ahmed Rashidul , Islam Afiqul , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub 
Published: April 2022

Background: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is the third most common childhood malignancy. With histopathology based intensive chemotherapy and CNS-directed therapy, survival can reach more than 80%.
Objective: The study was conducted to observe the clinico-pathological findings of NHL in Bangladeshi children.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Department of BSMMU from June 2012 to December 2012. Newly diagnosed NHL patients were included in the study. Patient’s initial clinical presentations, time interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis were recorded. Diagnostic and staging workups were done by CBC, biochemistry, radio-imaging, histopathology (FNAC/excision biopsy), serous fluids/CSF cytology (cytospin), and bone marrow aspiration.
Result: Among the 34 patients, BL had preponderance (n=23, 68%) then LL. Median age was 7.6 years. Male: female ratio was 2.1:1. Delayed diagnosis was found in 59% patient. Primary sites were abdomen (65%), thorax (32%), and head-neck (3%). At initial presentation, 83% patients of Burkitt NHL and 100% Lymphoblastic NHL patients came with advanced disease. Bone marrow involvement was found in 23.6% patients and 12% had CNS involvement at their presentation. Irrespective to histology, most common stage was stage-III, which was 53% and then stage-IV was 35%. Median LDH was 1719 U/L. Patient with abdominal variety of NHL came with abdominal complaint like pain (66%), distension (65%), ascites (48%), mass like hepatomegaly (39%), splenomegaly (26%), intussusceptions (8%), testicular involvement (4%). B symptoms were commonly found in 74% patient. Pallor (82%), anorexia, nausea & vomiting (48%), oedema (25%), peripheral lymphadenopathy (49%) were also noticed. In case of thoracic variety of NHL, most common presentation was respiratory distress (90%), superior mediastinal syndrome (SMS) (45%), with high incidence of B symptoms (90%), peripheral lymphadenopathy (72%) with other respiratory finding like chest bulging, mediastinal mass, pleural effusion was also found.
Conclusions: About 59% childhood NHL patients tend to present with delayed diagnosis and 88% with advanced disease. Burkitt NHL is the commonest childhood lymphoma, mostly presented with abdominal complaint. Thoracic variety is mostly Lymphoblastic lymphoma. Histopathological findings following excisional biopsy is the most significant and confirmatory for diagnosis. Serum LDH were found significantly high level in both varieties.
DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 21-27
Prevalence of Infection and Changing Pattern of Organisms Causing Infections in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Mahmud KM Sarwar , Rana Rubina Afroz 
Published: April 2022

Background: Infection remains an important complication of children with nephrotic syndrome. It results in significant morbidity and may also be responsible for a poor response to steroid therapy or induce relapse in child who has already attained remission.
Objectives: This study was conducted to find out pattern of infection and type of organisms causing infections in nephrotic syndrome.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Paediatric Nephrology Department of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from January 2010 to November 2010. One hundred fifteen (115) cases of nephrotic syndrome, age between 1 to 13 years were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Along with routine investigations, urine, blood and throat swab culture and sensitivity and MT test were done. Risk factors of infection were also determined. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 12. Level of significance was taken as <0.05.
Results: Prevalence of infection in nephrotic syndrome was 54.78%. Infections were more common in childhood nephrotic syndrome below 6 years of age. Infections encountered in nephrotic syndrome were UTI 51(44.34%), septicemia 4(3.47%), pneumonia 5(4.34%), peritonitis 1(0.87%), cellulitis 1(0.87%) and tuberculosis 1(0.87%). Statistically significant risk factors associated with infection were generalized edema, steroid dependence, steroid resistance, persistent proteinuria and high spot urine protein creatinine ratio. In case of UTI E. coli was the commonest 27(52.9%) organism followed by Morganella and Pseudomonas 5(9.8%).
Conclusion: Prevalence of infection in nephrotic syndrome is very high and E. coli is the commonest organism found in this study. Generalized edema, persistent proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, steroid dependence, steroid resistance are important risk factors for infection.
DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 28-33
Consanguinity and Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Bangladesh
Authors: Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Hussain Manzoor , Shahid Khan Md Khalid Ebna 
Published: April 2022

Background: Consanguineous marriage have been associated with an increased risk to various forms of inherited disease. Potential role of consanguinity in certain common birth defects is less clear especially with congenital heart defects (CHDs).
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of consanguinity as a risk factor for congenital heart defects (CHDs) in Bangladesh.
Methodology: It was a case control study, conducted from July 2018 to July 2019 at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Parents of the children with CHD visited the outpatient department was considered as case. Control was taken from parents of the children who didn’t have congenital heart disease. Informed written consent was taken from parents. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire containing all the variables of interest and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Chi square test (S«2), Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the associations between parental consanguinity and all CHDs. Risk factors on bivariate analysis were introduced into a logistic regression model as independent factors and dependent variable was CHDs to find out the association between CHDs and consanguinity.
Results: Among study population consanguinity was present in 33(6.11%) cases. In the case group 23 children (8.85%) were born to consanguineous parents and in control group 10 children (3.57%) were born to consanguineous parents. CHDs were found significantly higher in children born to consanguineous parents (p<0.05). On logistic regression analysis consanguinity (p=0.02) was independently associated with CHDs. Children who born to consanguineous parents had 2.5 times risk of developing CHDs compared to those who were not born to consanguineous parents.
Conclusions: Parental consanguinity is significantly associated with CHDs.
DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 34-39
Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates from Urine Samples in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharmin Sohely , Nahar Azizun , Alamgir Farhana , Fahim Imran 
Published: April 2022

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the leading causes of infection worldwide. P. aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic pathogen and it is the third most common organism causing nosocomial urinary tract infections. With the widespread use of antibiotics, multidrug resistance pseudomonas continues to go up rapidly. This multidrug resistance pseudomonas increases the risk of mortality and morbidity.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and to understand the current statistics of its antimicrobial resistance pattern.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020 in the Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected in sterile containers. The samples were cultured on CLED agar media with a standard calibrated loop and incubated at 370C overnight. P. aeruginosa grows well at 25°C to 37°C, and its ability to grow at 42°C helped to distinguish it from other Pseudomonas species. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline.
Results: A total of 10427 urine sample were received in the department of Microbiology of BMCH during these two years. Isolation rate of P. aeroginosa was 4% in 2019 and it increased to 6% in 2020. Piperacillin/Tazobactam showed sensitivity which was 63.33% in 2019 and 82% in 2020, followed by imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and aztreonam; which were 50% to 60% on an average. Sensitivity of the organism to Gentamycin (13.33% in 2019 & 30.3% in 2020), Netilmicin (20% in 2019 & 30.3% in 2020) and Ceftriaxone (13.33% in 2019 & 12.3% in 2020) was found very low.
Conclusion: P. aeruginosa isolates in urine culture is increasing in hospital admitted patient and becoming resistant to multiple antibiotics which is frightening.
DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 40-44
Phacoemulsification Learning Curve : Our Experience
Authors: Abedin Md Jainal , Mollick Chinmoy 
Published: April 2022

Background : To asses resident”s performance of phacoemulsification surgery and determine which steps of the procedure are most difficult to learn and to measure rate of intraoperative complications.
Materials and methods : A prospective study was carried out at Bangladesh Eye Hospital between January 2016 to December 2017. The total 50 (Fifty) eyes of fifty patients diagnosed cataract patient were selected randomly.
Results : Corrected visual outcome after 3 weeks of operation were 6/6 in 18 patients (36%) 6/9 in 17 pts (34%) 6/12 in 7 pts (14%) 6/18 in 4 pts (8%) 6/24 in 3 (6%) and 6/36 in one pt (2%). Overall intraoperative complications occurred in 14 cases (28%) including with cases experiencing more than one complication. There is corneal wound burn 2 cases (4%) Iris catch by phaco probe 3 cases (6%) Anterior capsular edges tear 3 cases (6%) Posterior capsular rupture 4 cases (8%) with vitrous loss 2 cases (4%) retained lens fragments 2 cases (4%). Post operative complications include wound gap, shallow anterior chamber, corneal stromal oedema and bullous keratopathy.
Conclusion : The study indicates that a trainee can be taught phacoemulsification with acceptable complication rates and visual results. The results compare favourably with reports of senior surgeons converting to phacoemulsification, trainee surgeons learning extracapsular surgery, and recently reported phacoemulsification series.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), June 2021; 43-46