bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of fee-for-service, diagnosis-related-group, and mixed payment systems on physicians’ medical service behavior: experimental evidence
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Yue , Zhang Xinyuan , Li Xinyan , Lin Xing , Han Youli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare reforms in many countries have shown a movement from pure payment systems to mixed payment systems. However, there remains an insufficient understanding of how to design better mixed payment systems and how such systems, especially Diagnosis-Related-Group (DRG)-based systems, benefit patients. We therefore designed a controlled laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of fee-for-service (FFS), DRG, and mixed payment systems on physicians’ service provision.MethodsA total of 210 medical students were recruited from Capital Medical University as subjects. They, in the role of physicians, were randomly divided into seven groups and chose the quantity of medical services for different patient types under pure FFS, pure DRG, or mixed payment schemes that included two FFS-based mixed payment schemes and three DRG-based mixed payment schemes. There were five rounds of each group of experiments, and each subject made 18 decisions per round. The quantity of medical services provided by subjects were collected. And relevant statistics were computed and analyzed by nonparametric tests and random effects model.ResultsThe results showed that the physicians’ overprovision (underprovision) of services under FFS (DRG) schemes decreased under mixed payment schemes, resulting in higher benefit to patients under mixed payment schemes. Patients’ health conditions also affected physicians’ behavior but in different directions. Higher disease severity was associated with higher deviation of physicians’ quantity choices from the optimal quantity under DRG and DRG-based mixed payment schemes, while the opposite was found for FFS and FFS-based mixed payment schemes.ConclusionsMixed payment systems are a better way to balance physicians’ profit and patients’ benefit. The design of mixed payment systems should be adjusted according to the patient’s health conditions. When patients are in lower disease severity and resource consumption is relatively small, prospective payments or mixed systems based on prospective payments are more suitable. While for patients in higher disease severity, retrospective payments or mixed systems based predominantly on retrospective payments are better.
Number of standard modifiable risk factors and mortality in patients with first-presentation ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry
Authors: Li Sidong , Gao Xiaojin , Yang Jingang , Xu Haiyan , Wang Yang , Zhao Yanyan , Yin Lu , Wu Chao , Wang Yi , Zheng Yang , Li Bao , Zhang Xuan , Ye Yunqing , Fu Rui , Dong Qiuting , Sun Hui , Yan Xinxin , Wu Yuan , Zhang Jun , Jin Chen , Li Wei , Yang Yuejin ,   on behalf of CAMI investigators
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent publications reported a paradoxical finding that there was an inverse association between the number of standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs; smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. However, the current evidence is only limited to those highly developed countries with advanced medical management systems.MethodsThe China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry is a prospective observational study including patients with acute myocardial infarction from three-level hospitals across 31 administrative regions throughout mainland China. A total of 16,228 patients with first-presentation ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) admitted to hospitals from January 2013 to September 2014 were enrolled in the current analysis. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for baseline characteristics, clinical profiles at presentation, and in-hospital treatments were used to assess the association of the number of SMuRFs with all-cause mortality at 30 days after STEMI presentation.ResultsA total of 1918 (11.8%), 11,503 (70.9%), and 2807 (17.3%) patients had 0, 1–2, and 3–4 SMuRFs at presentation, respectively. Patients with fewer SMuRFs were older and more likely to be females, experienced longer pre-hospital delays, and were less likely to receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention and evidence-based medications. Compared with those without any SMuRF, patients with 1–2 SMuRFs and 3–4 SMuRFs were associated with an HR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63–0.87) and 0.63 (0.51–0.77) for all-cause mortality up to 30 days in the unadjusted model (Ptrend< 0.0001). However, after multivariate adjustment, the number of SMuRFs was positively associated with increased mortality risk (HR for 1–2 SMuRFs, 1.15 [0.95–1.39]; HR for 3–4 SMuRFs, 1.31 [1.02–1.68];Ptrend= 0.03), and the association was only significant among patients admitted to hospitals beyond 12 h from onset (HR for 1–2 SMuRFs, 1.39 [1.03–1.87]; HR for 3–4 SMuRFs, 2.06 [1.41–3.01]) but not their counterparts (Pinteraction= 0.01).ConclusionsThe increased crude mortality risk among patients without SMuRFs is explained by confounding factors related to their poor risk profiles (old age, longer pre-hospital delays, and poor clinical management). After multivariate adjustment, a higher risk-factor burden was associated with poor prognosis among patients with STEMI.
From the Global Initiative for Asthma report and asthma guidelines to real-life asthma control: is there room for improvement?
Authors: Novembre Elio , Giovannini Mattia , Barni Simona , Mori Francesca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAvailable guidelines for asthma management represent an important and suitable tool to make the entire medical process evidence-based, effective, and safe for patients. Their purpose is to help doctors and patients formulate the best decisions in regard to asthma management by choosing the most appropriate strategies in each specific clinical situation.The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) document, together with other national and international recommendations, is one of the main documents used for asthma prevention and management in Italy, but several studies reported that these recommendations are often not applied in real-life clinical practice, which consequently results in inadequate asthma control.In this context, a substantial simplification of the GINA document and asthma guidelines may represent a feasible strategy to be pursued to ameliorate the knowledge among GPs, primary care pediatricians, and specialists taking care of children and adults with asthma.On the other hand, another critical factor that may explain unsatisfactory control of asthma is the limited importance that all recommendations place on asthma heterogeneity. In the era of personalized medicine and target therapies, phenotype-driven asthma management may become a desirable approach for optimizing the management of asthmatic patients. In addition, digital health strategies have been investigated in the literature to improve asthma monitoring and may represent a promising tool in the future from this point of view.Relevant stakeholders should continue to investigate how to optimize real-life asthma control to propose novel solutions to translate into clinical practice.
Feasibility of inpatient cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous mitral valve reconstruction using clipping procedures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Kowalski Marek , Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna , Ritter Frank , Mönnig Gerold , Reiss Nils 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To date, no studies on the feasibility or outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after percutaneous mitral valve reconstruction using clipping procedures have been published. The aim of this study was to report on our first experiences with this special target group.

Methods
Monocentric retrospective analysis of 27 patients (72 ± 12 years old, 52% female) who underwent multimodal inpatient CR in the first 2 month after MitraClip™ implantation. A six-minute-walking-test, a handgrip-strength-test and the Berg-Balance-Scale was conducted at the beginning and end of CR. Echocardiography was performed to rule out device-related complications.

Results
Adapted inpatient CR started 16 ± 13 days after clipping intervention and lasted 22 ± 4 days. In 4 patients (15%) CR had to be interrupted or aborted prematurely due to cardiac decompensations. All other patients (85%) completed CR period without complications. Six-minute-walking-distance improved from 272 ± 97 to 304 ± 111 m (p < .05) and dependence on rollator walker or walking aids was significantly reduced (p < .05). Results of handgrip-strength-test and Berg-Balance-Scale increased (p < .05). Overall, social-medical and psychological consultations were well received by the patients and no device-related complications occurred during rehabilitation treatments.

Conclusions
The results indicate that an adapted inpatient CR in selected patients after MitraClip™ implantation is feasible. Patients benefited from treatments both at functional and social-medical level and no device-related complications occurred. Larger controlled studies are needed.
Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression
Authors: Bosch Oliver G. , Halm Simon , Seifritz Erich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis is a narrative review about the role of classic and two atypical psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression. Since the 1990s, psychedelics experience a renaissance in biomedical research. The so-called classic psychedelics include lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline and ayahuasca. Characteristic effects like alterations in sensory perception, as well as emotion- and self-processing are induced by stimulation of serotonin 2A receptors in cortical areas. The new paradigm of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy suggests a therapeutic framework in which a safely conducted psychedelic experience is integrated into a continuous psychotherapeutic process. First randomized, controlled trials with psilocybin show promising efficacy, tolerability, and adherence in the treatment of unipolar depression. On the other hand, classic psychedelics seem to be associated with the induction of mania, which is an important issue to consider for the design of research and clinical protocols. So called atypical psychedelics are a heterogeneous group with overlapping subjective effects but different neurobiological mechanisms. Two examples of therapeutic value in psychiatry are 3,4-methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine. Since 2020 the ketamine enantiomer esketamine has been granted international approval for treatment-resistant unipolar depression, and also first evidence exists for the therapeutic efficacy of ketamine in bipolar depression. Whether psychedelics will fulfil current expectations and find their way into broader clinical use will depend on future rigorous clinical trials with larger sample sizes. A well-considered therapeutic and legal framework will be crucial for these substances to create new treatment settings and a potential paradigm shift.
Optimal instance subset selection from big data using genetic algorithm and open source framework
Authors: Zhai Junhai , Song Dandan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData is accumulating at an incredible rate, and the era of big data has arrived. Big data brings great challenges to traditional machine learning algorithms, it is difficult for learning tasks in big data scenario to be completed on stand-alone. Data reduction is an effective way to solve this problem. Data reduction includes attribute reduction and instance reduction. In this study, we focus on instance reduction also called instance selection, and view the instance selection as an optimal instance subset selection problem. Inspired by the ideas of cross validation and divide and conquer, we defined a novel criterion called combined information entropy with respect to a set of classifiers to measure the importance of an instance subset, the criterion uses multiple independent classifiers trained on different subsets to measure the optimality of an instance subset. Based on the criterion, we proposed an approach which uses genetic algorithm and open source framework to select optimal instance subset from big data. The proposed algorithm is implemented on two open source big data platforms Hadoop and Spark, the conducted experiments on four artificial data sets demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm and visualize the distribution of selected instances, and the conducted experiments on four real data sets compared with three closely related methods on test accuracy and compression ratio demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the two implementations on Hadoop and Spark are also experimentally compared. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides excellent performance and outperforms the three methods.
Factorized Hilbert-space metrics and non-commutative quasi-Hermitian observables
Authors: Znojil Miloslav 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 1992, Scholtz et al. (Ann. Phys., 213 (1992) 74) showed that a set of non-Hermitian operators can represent observables of a closed unitary quantum system, provided only that its elements are quasi-Hermitian (i.e., roughly speaking, Hermitian with respect to an ad hoc inner-product metric). We show that such a version of quantum mechanics admits a simultaneous closed-form representation of the metric

and of the observables

,

in terms of auxiliary operators Z

k
with

. At N = 2 the formalism degenerates to the well-known

quantum mechanics using factorized metric

, where

is parity and where

is charge.
Increased Incidence of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Selenium Deficiency: A Prospective 6-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Qian , Wang Yue , Chen Ping , Wei Jing , Lv Hongjun , Wang Si , Wu Yajun , Zhao Xuan , Peng Xiaogang , Rijntjes Eddy , Wang Youfa , Schomburg Lutz , Shi Bingyin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
In 2015, we reported an increased prevalence of thyroid disease in a county of low habitual selenium (Se) intake in comparison to a neighboring county with higher intake in a cross-sectional survey in Shaanxi Province, China.

Objective
To explore longitudinal effects of low Se status, a prospective cohort study was conducted in the same area from 2013 to 2019, and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Abs) and disease incidence were compared.

Methods
A total 1254 individuals from 1500 reinvited participants were successfully enrolled. Venous blood, fingernails, and urine samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate thyroid status, TPO-Abs, serum Se, and urinary iodine. Diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) was based on elevated thyrotropin, presence of TPO-Abs, and ultrasound characteristics. Se deficiency was categorized using a serum concentration of 80 µg/L as a threshold, and tested by logistic regression for a relationship to TPO-Abs and HT.

Results
Se deficiency was observed in 46.2% of participants from the adequate-Se county (Ziyang) and in 89.7% from the low-Se county (Ningshan). Se concentrations in fingernails differed strongly by residency (Ziyang vs Ningshan; 678.7 vs 364.3 μg/kg; Z = –9.552; P &lt; .001). Newly diagnosed HT in Ziyang was less frequent than in Ningshan (0.09% vs 0.31%; χ 2 = 4.350; P = .037). The conversion rate to seropositive TPO-Abs was 10.2% in Ningshan vs 5.6% in Ziyang. Excluding iodine as confounding factor, low-Se was confirmed as a risk factor for HT (relative risk [95% CI]; 3.65 [1.03-12.90]; P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
The data indicate an increased incidence of TPO-Ab seroconversion with low Se supply and support the hypothesis that Se deficiency contributes to HT as a modifiable risk factor.
In Vivo Photometry Reveals Insulin and 2-Deoxyglucose Maintain Prolonged Inhibition of VMH Vglut2 Neurons in Male Mice
Authors: Rawlinson Sasha , Reichenbach Alex , Clarke Rachel E , Nuñez-Iglesias Juan , Dempsey Harry , Lockie Sarah H , Andrews Zane B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus is a well-established hub for energy and glucose homeostasis. In particular, VMH neurons are thought to be important for initiating the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia, and ex vivo electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry data indicate a clear role for VMH neurons in sensing glucose concentration. However, the temporal response of VMH neurons to physiologically relevant changes in glucose availability in vivo has been hampered by a lack of available tools for measuring neuronal activity over time. Since the majority of neurons within the VMH are glutamatergic and can be targeted using the vesicular glutamate transporter Vglut2, we expressed cre-dependent GCaMP7s in Vglut2 cre mice and examined the response profile of VMH to intraperitoneal injections of glucose, insulin, and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). We show that reduced available glucose via insulin-induced hypoglycemia and 2DG-induced glucoprivation, but not hyperglycemia induced by glucose injection, inhibits VMH Vglut2 neuronal population activity in vivo. Surprisingly, this inhibition was maintained for at least 45 minutes despite prolonged hypoglycemia and initiation of a counterregulatory response. Thus, although VMH stimulation, via pharmacological, electrical, or optogenetic approaches, is sufficient to drive a counterregulatory response, our data suggest VMH Vglut2 neurons are not the main drivers required to do so, since VMH Vglut2 neuronal population activity remains suppressed during hypoglycemia and glucoprivation.
Hypothalamic Expression of Estrogen Receptor Isoforms Underlies Estradiol Control of Luteinizing Hormone in Female Rats
Authors: Henriques Patricia C , Aquino Nayara S S , Campideli-Santana Ana C , Silva Juneo F , Araujo-Lopes Roberta , Franci Celso R , Coimbra Candido C , Szawka Raphael E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion during the ovarian cycle is governed by fluctuations in circulating estradiol (E2) that oppositely regulate kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. However, how these effects are orchestrated to achieve fertility is unknown. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that AVPV and ARC neurons have different sensitivities to E2 to coordinate changes in LH secretion. Cycling and ovariectomized rats with low and high E2 levels were used. As an index of E2 responsiveness, progesterone receptor (PR) was expressed only in the AVPV of rats with high E2, showing the preovulatory LH surge. On the other hand, kisspeptin neurons in the ARC responded to low E2 levels sufficient to suppress LH release. Notably, the Esr1/Esr2 ratio of gene expression was higher in the ARC than AVPV, regardless of E2 levels. Accordingly, the selective pharmacological activation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) required lower doses to induce PR in the ARC. The activation of ERβ, in turn, amplified E2-induced PR expression in the AVPV and the LH surge. Thus, ARC and AVPV neurons are differently responsive to E2. Lower E2 levels activate ERα in the ARC, whereas ERβ potentiates the E2 positive feedback in the AVPV, which appears related to the differential Esr1/Esr2 ratio in these 2 brain areas. Our findings provide evidence that the distinct expression of ER isoforms in the AVPV and ARC plays a key role in the control of periodic secretion of LH required for fertility in females.
Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors - Prevalence and related factors
Authors: Alaboodi Reham Ahmad , Srivastava Swati , Javed Muhammad Qasim 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of additional canals and the occurrence of oval canals in apical third area of mandibular permanent incisors of Saudi sub-population.
Methods: This study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021 at College of Dentistry, Qassim University. For the investigation purpose of this study, 314 scans were analyzed within the age limits of 13 to 70 years. The root canal morphology, presence of oval canals, number of roots, and prevalence of various canal configurations based on age, gender and bilateral symmetry were recorded. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mandibular central incisors (CI) exhibited, significant difference between Type-I, II, III and IV canal configurations and Type-I, II, III and V canal configurations (p < 0.05). For the mandibular lateral incisor (LI), significant difference was found between Type-I, II, III, IV and VII canal configurations (p < 0.05). The cumulative prevalence of oval canals in mandibular incisors was found to be 46.6%. For both mandibular CI and LI, the prevalence of Type-I canals was significantly higher in males as compared to females (p < 0.05). Conversely, significantly higher prevalence of Type-III canals was noted for females as compared to males (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of different canal configurations on the left and the right side of the mouth.
Conclusion: In this study, multiple canals were prominently recognized with Type-III mandibular incisors dominating this feature. Oval canals were predominantly found in single canal especially Type-III. This research suggests variability in canal morphology among different populations. Knowledge of these aberrant canal anatomies is useful for the clinician to achieve a favorable endodontic outcome.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5426
How to cite this:Alaboodi RA, Srivastava S, Javed MQ. Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors - Prevalence and related factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):1563-1568. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5426
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Confused identities: the case of the chauve–souris septième or chauve–souris brun–blanchâtre of Azara (1801)
Authors: Smith Paul , Teta Pablo 
Published: July 2022

Félix de Azara describió varias especies de murciélagos en su trabajo seminal sobre los mamíferos del Paraguay en 1801. Uno de estos murciélagos, el chauve-souris septième o chauve-souris brun-blanchâtre fue utilizado por É. Geoffroy St-Hilaire (1806) para describir Vesp[ertilio]. villosissimus, un nombre que se aplica actualmente al murciélago escarchado gris del sur, Lasiurus (Aeorestes) villosissimus. Esta última, además, es la especie tipo de Aeorestes Fitzinger 1870. En esta contribución, a través de una reevaluación de la descripción proporcionada por Azara (1801), demostramos que el chauve-souris septième o chauve-souris brun-blanchâtre es claramente referible al subgénero Dasypterus W. Peters, 1870. La aplicación estricta de la regla de prioridad en este caso causaría una alteración nomenclatural considerable e indeseable, incluida la necesidad de sinonimizar Nycticejus Ega Gervais, 1856 bajo Vesp[ertilio]. villosissimus É. Geoffroy St-Hilaire, 1806 y la necesidad de un nuevo nombre genérico o subgenérico para los murciélagos escarchados grises. Por lo tanto, recomendamos la preservación del uso actual a través de la designación de un neotipo para Vesp[ertilio]. villosissimus É. Geoffroy St-Hilaire, 1806 y proponiendo una nueva especie tipo para el taxón Aeorestes Fitzinger, 1870.