bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the decision tree model in ADHD screening
Authors: Carreiro L.R. , Silva M. , Teixeira M.C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder characterized by persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity / impulsivity. There is considerable difficulty in diagnosing ADHD, mainly to discriminate what could be symptoms arising from ADHD or typical age behaviors. The decision tree model is a statistical algorithm, a predictive model built with comparisons of values for a given objective that can be compared with other constant values, placing these variables in a database at hierarchical levels.ObjectivesThis study aims to apply the decision tree model in directing the screening of ADHD complaints to analyze which cognitive and behavioral parameters would be better associations with ADHD accurate diagnosisMethodsWe used a database of research protocol with 202 children assessed with complaints of ADHD and a control group with 185 participants. Decision tree analyzed parameters selected from the cognitive instruments, such voluntary attention, Continuous Performance Test indexes, WCST indexes, Wechsler Intelligence indexes and behavioral scales from CBCL/6-1 and TRF/6-18.ResultsThe highlighted results points to WCST index like: “Perseverative answers” and “Perseverative errors” and “learning to learn” joint to “CPT omissions” and behavioral scales as “CBCL ADHD”, and “CBCL Problems of Attention” produces accuracy of diagnosis discrimination from 84.7% to 60% in the precision of the decision tree.ConclusionsThe decision tree and machine learning approaches can be effective in directing the screening of typical ADHD complaints.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Corticosteroid induced mania with psychotic symptoms
Authors: Tavares F. Gomes , De Carvalho M. Viseu , Pinto M. , Solana C. , Batista S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCorticosteroids may induce psychiatric symptoms (agitation, fear, hypomania, insomnia, irritability, labile mood, pressured speech and restlessness) with incidence rates ranging from 1,8% to 57%. We present a case of corticosteroid-induced mania and psychosis.ObjectivesNon-systematic review on corticosteroid therapy induced psychiatric symptoms. Analysis and comparison of a patient’s case with the existing literature.MethodsCase report and a non-systematic review through databases as Pubmed, UpToDate, Medscape, between 2000 and 2020.ResultsWe present a female 70 year-old patient without psychiatric background, diagnosed with Rhizomelic Pseudopolyarthritis, who started treatment with prednisone 20 mg. During the third month of treatment the patient started progressively worse behavior changes (such as destruction of the neighbor’s property), developed persecutory delusions, decreased sleep and increased energy. The patient was committed to our psychiatric ward and started on diazepam 10 mg and olanzapine 15 mg per day. Despite introduction of antipsychotics, which has evidence for mood stabilization, the patient maintained the symptoms, so it was necessary to gradually reduce corticosteroids until symptomatic control.ConclusionsPsychosis (24%), hypomania and mania (35%), are the most common psychiatric reactions to corticosteroid therapy. Several studies show that even a low dosage may induce psychiatric disturbances, most frequently during the first two weeks of treatment. However, as reported in this case, symptoms may occur at any time. Thus, a multidisciplinary team, as well as training of professionals from different specialties, such as psychiatry, rheumatology and endocrinology, are needed, since these syndromes may be confused with pure psychiatric conditions and consequently delay treatment and compromise prognosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Social media and its effect on mental health: Friend or foe?
Authors: Trivedi C. , Mansuri Z. , Vadukapuram R. , Reddy A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRecently, several studies have shown both positive and negative impacts of social media on mental health. However, little is known regarding the reasons for the negative impact of social media on mental health.ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of social media on mental health.MethodsWe reviewed the documentary ‘The Social Dilemma’ released on Netflix in September 2020, which explored the role of social media in our life. The documentary discussed the behind the scene development of the social media world.ResultsThe central message from the documentary is that all the social media applications we use are capable of hijacking the thought process of your brain and are consciously designed by the artificial intelligence technology in a way that one spends more time on them. It collects users’ data such as topics they like, follow, search, subscribe, shop, and several others. Based on this data it feeds you the information according to your taste and next time you log in on the website, you spend more time on it. This causes positive reinforcement, the more time you spend on a particular topic, the more you will be presented which results in addictive behavior.ConclusionsIt is known that social media addiction is prevalent, and it affects brain like drug and alcohol addiction. This documentary provided technological insight into this type of behavior. Though social media has its pros, it has numerous cons despite being used for right intentions. Better regulatory measures are needed to prevent psychological disorders related to social media usage.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Changing the system of psychiatric care in bulgaria. Recover-E project in bulgaria
Authors: Nakov V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBulgaria has undergone a number of very significant political and social changes over the past 150 years that has also impacted on the delivery of mental health care. There has been a 40% reduction in the number of inpatient psychiatric beds in Bulgaria within the past 20 years leading to the current state of approximately European average bed numbers per 100 000 population. This does not appear to have been accompanied by an increased investment in ambulatory / outpatient mental health services.ObjectivesDescription of the advantages and disadvantages of mental health services in Bulgaria, available staff and distribution in the country. The project RECOVER-E and its activities in Bulgaria are described.MethodsSources of health statistics of Bulgaria are used and analyzed. Maps and tables were used for visualization.ResultsTaking into account the situation described in this way and the EPA guidelines for change in the system, a mental health strategy has been proposed.ConclusionsIt has a long and significant legacy of underfunding of mental health services, which has undoubtedly caused significant economic damage to Bulgaria through surmountable results increasing health and social care costs, and surmountable loss of economic productivity. A significant increase in the budget allocated to mental health and related social care services.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
UEPG Abraça Program: The importance of a psychosocial care service in the university context
Authors: Floriano L. , Brabicoski C. , Pinto E. , Monteiro L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn 2018, it was implanted in a Brazilian public university, the UEPG Abraça Extension Program, which has as objectives to realize psychosocial care and accompaniment, offer psychotherapies and therapeutic groups to the university community, that is, students, professors and university staff to suicide prevention, coping with mental disorders and the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs. The Program has a multi-professional team composed of nurses, social worker, psychologists and psychiatrists, in an exclusive environment, thus guaranteeing comfort and secrecy to users.ObjectivesTo characterize the socio-demographic and clinical profile of users assisted by the UEPG Abraça Program and to disclose the importance of the service for the promotion of Mental Health.MethodsQualitative, quantitative, descriptive study, with a structured questionnaire as the research instrument. The collection took place in 2019 and the target audience were users who sought psychological care.ResultsThere were 469 admissions/visits and 35 of them continued with individual visits in 2020. The majority of users were female (58%) and had the age group between 17 and 20 years. The main mental health problems identified were anxiety, self-knowledge and university-related problems such as interpersonal conflicts and difficulties in the work process. The most attended undergraduate courses were Letters, Journalism and Dentistry.ConclusionsIt is noted the importance of a psychosocial care service at university level for the care and promotion of Mental Health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The enhancement of emotional skills as a resource to reduce hopelessness
Authors: Delhom I. , Melendez J.C. , Satorres E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEmotional Intelligence (EI) involves a set of emotional skills (attention, clarity, and emotional regulation) for the effective use of emotional information (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). The lack of emotional skills has been associated with multiple disruptive emotional phenomena, such as hopelessness. It has been observed that EI can be a predictor of hopelessness in older adults, in such a way that we can consider that the development of EI could be a relevant resource for promoting mental health in older adults.Objectives
Implement an EI intervention to reduce levels of hopelessness.Methods
The sample consisted of 123 healthy older adults from Valencia (Spain), randomly distributed into two groups: treatment group (N = 57) and control group (N = 68), aged between 60 and 84 years, with a mean age of 67.62 years (SD = 6.43). Of these, 54.4% were women and the remaining 45.6% were men. The Trait Meta-Mood Sclae 24 (TMMS 24) was applied to assess EI and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) to assess hopelessness.Results
Significant differences are observed in the treatment group after the intervention (F1, 123 = 19.86; p < 0.001, h2 = 0.142), with a decrease in scores (T1= 4.72; T2=2.88). For the control group, the effects were not significant (F1, 123 = 1.06; p = 0.305, h2 = 0,009).ConclusionsThe efficacy of the intervention in EI to manage emotional states is evidenced, reducing levels of hopelessness thanks to training in adaptive emotional processing and emotional management skills.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Risk of severe postpartum episodes
Authors: Wieck A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyThe risk of mothers to develop a severe mental illness is dramatically increased in the first three months after giving birth. Childbirth has the strongest relationship with postpartum affective psychosis, a condition that is characterized by an acute onset of florid symptoms, usually within 2 weeks of delivery, and atypical features, such as rapidly fluctuating psychotic symptoms, florid motor symptoms, perplexity and high risks to the mother and her baby. Follow up data of women with a first episode suggest that some women only become ill in the context of childbirth whereas in others it is an expression of a lifelong bipolar disorder. Whether this reflects two distinct forms of the disorder or different degrees of vulnerability requires future study. The profound hormonal and metabolic as well as psychosocial changes in the perinatal period give rise to a number of hypotheses that seek to explain the pathogenesis of postpartum psychosis. Current research findings on biological and psychosocial risk factors will be discussed as well as what is currently known about responses to treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Autoantibody profiles are associated with specific clinical features in psychotic disorders
Authors: Schubert K.O. , Falk A. Jernbom , Galletly C. , Just D. , Toben C. , Baune B. , Clark S. , Liu D. , Nilsson P. , Manberg A. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Immune system abnormalities exist across a range of psychiatric disorders. Autoimmunity, characterized by the production of antibodies against the body’s own antigens, is a feature of immune system dysfunction and could play a role in mental disorder pathophysiology. Better understanding of the associations of auto-immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoires with clinical features of mental illness could yield novel models of psychosis pathophysiology and markers for biological patient stratification.ObjectivesTo undertake global screening for auto-IgG expression in a large cohort of people with psychotic disorders; to determine whether associations exist between autoantibody expression and clinical features.MethodsCross-sectional quantification of auto-IgGs in blood plasma of 461 people with established psychotic disorder diagnoses. For global screening, pooled samples of phenotypically representative patient groups were exposed to planar protein microarrays containing 42,000 human antigens. For targeted profiling, expression levels of 380 autoantibodies were quantified by suspension bead array (SBA) in each patient’s plasma.ResultsWe identified highly individual autoantibody profiles with no evidence for co-expression patterns. We found 6 autoantibodies robustly associated with specific psychopathology: anti-AP3B2, detected in 5% of the cohort of whom 100% had persecutory delusions; anti-TDO2 (5% of the cohort, 100% hallucinations); anti-CRYGN (4%, 86% initial insomnia); anti-APMAP (3%, 86% poor appetite); anti-OLFM1 (2.5%, 100% above median cognitive function); and anti-WHAMMP3 (2%, 90% anhedonia and dysphoria). Examination of the auto-IgG binding site on the TDO2 protein revealed a putative pathophysiological mechanism involving the kynurenine pathway.ConclusionsWe identified 6 frequently occurring autoantibodies that were associated with specific clinical features in people with psychotic disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pronoia or reverse paranoid delusion: A brief exploration into a conspiracy in your favour
Authors: Jesus S. , Costa A. , Garrido P. , Alcafache J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPronoia is a neologism originally coined in 1982 to describe a state of mind that is, in essence, the positive counterpart of paranoia. It is characterized by feeling that the world is conspiring on behalf of the person experiencing pronoia.ObjectivesBrief literature review.MethodsThe authors review the available literature on pronoia and present a broad overview of its description and defining characteristics. An initial search utilizing key health journal databases revealed a scarcity in available documents, therefore a generalized search utilizing the search engine Google Scholar was performed with the term “pronoia”. Relevant articles obtained from the respective bibliographic references were also consulted.ResultsThe primary outcome of this work is a summary of the available literature in order to build a more comprehensive understanding on pronoia. All relevant information was collated to form a cohesive description of the condition and its characteristics. We address a gap in the literature by offering a description of the lesser prevalent concept of pronoia.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a scarcity in the available literature describing the pronoia phenomenon when compared to its well-documented counterpart, paranoia. Further exploration into this topic is merited so as to close the gap on paranoia’s lesser-known positive counterpart. By signalling the existence of this concept, we strive to contribute to an increased identification of a concept that is many times underdiagnosed due to a lack of attention to its existence.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychiatric symptoms of wife of military personel who died in combat: The role of meaning in life and attachment styles
Authors: Korkmaz H. , Güloğlu B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTraumatic experiences has a key role on the mental health of individuals. Turkish Armed Forces has been involved in various combat in and out of the country over the years. Individuals who are able to find meaning after a negative life events are better overcome their issues and return to their positive functioning. Unhealthy attachment styles has been observed more in clinical samples than healthy attachment styles.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of attachment styles and meaning in life on psychiatric symptoms among wife of military personel who lost their lifes.Methods74 women who lost their husband in combat to the study. Their age was between 21 and 74, with the mean of 46.93. 60 (75.9%) participants had a child when they lost their husband. 63 (79.7%) of them hasn’t been married again. Brief Symptom Inventory, Meaning in Life Scale and Relationship Scales Questtionnare were used to collect the data. Five different regression analysis was conducted.ResultsFinding meaning in life, dismissing and preoccupied attachment sytles predicted depression (R2= 51.8%). Finding meaning in life and fearful attachment styles predicted anxiety (R2= 46.2%). Finding meaning in life and fearful attachment styles predicted negative identity (R2= 51.1%). Finding meaning in life and dismissing attachment styles predicted hostility (R2= 50.4%) and somatization (R2= 57%).ConclusionsMeaning in life has a protective role in the development of any psychopathologies whereas insecure attachment styles are risk factor.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Inpatient forensic psychiatric care: Legal provision in European countries
Authors: Völlm B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyForensic psychiatry is a specialty of psychiatry primarily concerned with individuals who have either offended or present a risk of doing so, and who also suffer from a psychiatric condition. These mentally disordered offenders(MDOs) are often cared for in secure psychiatric environments or prisons. However, the organisation of these services differs greatly between countries due to different traditions and legal frameworks. Some countries, e. g., require absent or reduced criminal responsibility (at the time of the index offence) in order to enter forensic services while others determine access on the basis of current need for treatment. Numbers detained in forensic services also vary significantly as does length of stay, raising significant economic and ethical challenges. This talk will present different legal concepts determining admission to forensic-psychiatric services, data on length of stay as well as approaches to risk assessment and treatment in Europe.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Galactorrhea as a side effect of antidepressant drugs. A case report
Authors: Aguado A.I. Willems , Garcia L. , Rodriguez C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGalactorrhea wiht antidepressants SSRIs or SNRI is a rarely adverse effect. Some authors believe that the risk of galactorrhea in women who use SSRIs is 8 times higher than in patients treated with other types of drugs. Serotonin is believed to be a potent physiological stimulator of prolactin release.Prolactin stimulates the growth of the mammary glands and the galactorrhea. The SSRIs would activate the serotonergic pathways, these in turn would stimulate the release of prolactin directly in the pituitary and in the hypothalamus, inhibiting the release of dopamine and increasing the release of stimulating factors. The main inhibitor of prolactin secretion is dopamine.ObjectivesThe objective is to reveal this rare complication through the report of a clinical caseMethodsA 45-year-old woman with a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. Treatment with 20 mg of escitalopram was started, with a good therapeutic response, but with breast pain and swelling. She was switched to duloxetine 60 mg, with a good response and adequate tolerance. At 6 months of treatment, she begins to present breast pain and yellow-green breast discharge, with elevated prolactin levels and normal cranial MRI.ResultsShe was diagnosed with functional hyperprolactinemia, and treatment with vortioxetine was started. Finally, the Prolactin levels normalize.ConclusionsGalactorrhea is a very rare and annoying side effect that can lead to discontinuation of treatment and requires a change in the therapeutic strategy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Research progress of metabonomics of blood endogenous small molecules in depression
Authors: Zhang Y. , Ding J. , Cui X. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepression (MDD) is a serious mental illness, which greatly affects the quality of life of patients. Nowadays, the clinical diagnosis of MDD lacks sufficient objective basis, and the effect of drug treatment is unsatisfactory. Therefore, biomarkers are very important for the risk prediction, classification, diagnosis and prognosis of MDD.ObjectivesResearch progress of metabonomics of blood endogenous small molecules in depressionMethodsMetabonomics is a newly developed discipline after genomics and proteomics, and is an important part of system biology. Metabonomics provides a new approach to explore the etiology, mechanism, prognosis and screening potential biomarkers of MDD. Blood contains almost all the small molecule metabolites in the body. The changes of metabolites in blood can represent the changes of metabolites in other body fluids. Moreover, this sample is easy to obtain and has less trauma, so it is the most common biological sample in clinical detection.ResultsAt present, there are many studies on the metabonomics of endogenous small molecules in MDD blood, which provides the possibility for further screening of MDD related biomarkers.ConclusionsIn this paper, the research progress of related biomarkers in MDD blood is reviewed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A report of use of baclofen in intractable hiccups
Authors: Dhakad R. , Niranjan V. , Rastogi P. , Pal V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHiccups are an involuntarily powerful spasm of the diaphragm, followed by a sudden inspiration with a closure of the glottis. Hiccups lasting longer than one month is termed intractable hiccups. Intractable hiccups can be caused by structural or functional disturbances of the medulla, afferent or efferent nerves to the respiratory muscles or metabolic and endocrine disorders, drugs, general anaesthesia and emotional problems.ObjectivesAuthors present a case report about curing a patient of intractable hiccups using baclofen along with literature review.MethodsA case report along with literature review forms the basis of discussion.ResultsA 30-year female diagnosed with schizophrenia stable on 2mg risperidone for 3 years presented to the outpatient department with complain of intractable hiccups for 6 months. Frequency of hiccups was around 10-12 times per minute and continued throughout the day leading to significant socio-occupational distress. patient had been receiving medical treatment for last 4 months for the same including Metoclopramide, chlorpromazine along with trying breath holding and drinking cold water but symptoms persisted. Her ECG, chest X-ray, complete blood counts were unremarkable, CT scan of brain was normal. Patient was started on baclofen 10mg thrice daily. Within 1-week patient had dramatic response and complete remission was achieved in 2 weeks.ConclusionsBeclofen is effective in hiccups because it is an analogue of GABA, that decreases excitability and inhibits the hiccup reflex, which reduces synaptic transmission. Baclofen is used to treat hiccups, and can be used either as a first-line treatment or if patient does not respond to other medications.DisclosureNo significant relationships.