bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of causes of changes in conditions of vannamei shrimp hepatopancreas indicators at PT. Lombang Sumber Rejeki Sumenep
Authors: Setyastuti T A , Sukamto D , Fawwaz I E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vannamei shrimp that are cultivated intensively require various steps to support the success of cultivation, one of which is observing the health condition of the shrimp. Shrimp health monitoring is carried out once every 10 days along with sampling activities. One of the parameters in shrimp health monitoring is a microscopic examination of the hepatopancreas using the wet preparation method. The indicators for determining the condition of the hepatopancreas organ that was observed microscopically were wrinkle, lipid, gregarine, necrosis, and microvilli whose results were expressed in percentage form. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of changes in the condition of the hepatopancreas indicator which has an important role in the health of vannamei shrimp. This research was conducted in intensive ponds of PT. Lombang Sumber Rejeki which is located in Lombang Village, Batang - Batang District, Sumenep Regency. Data processing is done using Regression analysis. The peak increase in increase in the percentage of wrinkles occurred at the 4th sampling or the 40th DOC. Wrinkles increased in intensive ponds were significantly affected by lipid, microvilli, and gregarine conditions. Lipid indicators in hepatopancreas were significantly influenced by the type and amount of feed-in shrimp. Vibrio population combined with the average daily feeding can significantly affect the gregarine population. The microvilli are affected by the incidence of necrosis in the hepatopancreas tubules, the cause of the necrosis is thought to be due to factors other than the Vibrio population in the hepatopancreas.
The use of kailan (Brassica oleracea L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) in the cultivation of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) aquaponic system on blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption levels
Authors: Hairani D D , Dewi N N , Rahardja B S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In striped catfish cultivation water quality greatly affects the condition of fish. The use of an aquaponic system can improve the water quality, because the basic principle of aquaponics is to utilize fish waste and fish feed residues that are not consumed and it can be used as a nutrients for kailan, lettuce and pakcoy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the three plants can affect blood glucose levels and the level of oxygen consumption of catfish. The research method using an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. At P0 are control (without plants), P1 (kailan), P2 (lettuce), and P3 (pakcoy). The main parameters observed were blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption levels. While the supporting parameters are measurement of temperature, DO, pH, plant measurements at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) on blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption levels in aquaponic system cultivation. The treatment that gave the best value for blood glucose levels and oxygen consumption was the use of lettuce plants (P2).
Zeylanicobdella arugamensis intensity and histopathology of hybrid grouper skin from soil and concrete ponds
Authors: Nisa M , Mahasri G , Subekti S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Z. arugamensis was a parasite that often infested hybrid grouper (E. fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus). This study aimed to differentiate the Z. arugamensis intensity and the skin histopathology of hybrid grouper from concrete and soil ponds. The research method was a survey and data analysis using the IBM SPSS 21 Mann Whitney U Test. This study used 50 of hybrid grouper each from soil and concrete ponds. The intensity of Z. arugamensis from soil ponds was significantly different p < 0.05 with concrete ponds. Z. arugamensis infestation from soil ponds were 13 individuals including the intensity of Z. arugamensis in the medium category of 6.69 individuals/fish. Z. arugamensis infestation from concrete ponds were 10 individuals, including the intensity of Z. arugamensis in the light category was 2.9 individuals/fish. The results of histopathological scoring of hybrid grouper skin from soil ponds were significantly different, p≤0.05 with concrete ponds. The results of skin histopathological scoring of hybrid grouper from soil ponds were 1.1 for 13 fish while from concrete ponds it was 0.5 for 10 fish. This study showed that there was a significant difference in the intensity of Z. arugamensis and skin histopathology of hybrid grouper from concrete and soil ponds.
Destruction level on coral reef in the Ambon bay
Authors: Pelasula D D , Manullang C Y , Patria M P , Wouthuyzen S , Lekallete J D , Malik S A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ambon Bay is a part of Ambon Island located at the Eastern Indonesia. The bay has an area of 124.5 km2, and consists of a shallow inner bay and a deeper outer bay. Ambon bay has a complete tropical ecosystem of coral reef ecosystem, sea grass area and mangrove ecosystem including natural resources which associated to those three ecosystems. Monitoring result on coral ecosystem had been done for 33 years from 1986 – 2019 indicated the percentage of coral coverage were declined. On 1986, percentage coverage of live coral was on good category (coverage percentage of live coral >50%), but on the last 30 years shown declining. Percentage of live coral coverage is on very good category, and then turned to good category, then to amber until worst. Few location at Ambon Inner Bay (IAB) Halong and Kate Kate) even have no more coral reef now, live coral coverage is 0%. This is caused by sedimentation of land clearing at the higher level and solid trash. It is suggested to restore the coral reef ecosystem by transplantation technique and reduce the trash into the coral reef area.
The effect of differences extraction solutions on the gelatin characteristic fishbone of bader bang (Barbonymus balleroides)
Authors: Prasetya A Y , Triastuti J , Saputra E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Gelatin is a polypeptide derived from collagen in the skin and bones of mammals or fish. The utilization of bader bang especially bader bang fish bones as raw material for gelatin is still not widely found. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction solutions on the characteristics of bader bang fish bone gelatin and to compare the characteristics of the bader bang fish bone gelatin produced with the standard. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD). The best results from the three treatments were found in the extraction of gelatin in the treatment NaOH 0,2% + H2SO4 0,2% The characteristics of water content, ash content, viscosity and gel strength complied with SNI 06-3735 and British Standard 757.
Use of microbubble generator on the growth vannamei shrimp culture
Authors: Rizky P N , Ritonga L B R , Primasari K , Nasuki  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The advanced challenges from the vannamei shrimp cultivation nowadays keep on pushing the fisheries industry on improving its productivity, however, with minimum use of water resource and an efficient land. This research aims to discover the growth and survival rate of vannamei shrimp that is cultivated in a circular tarpaulin pond with a microbubble aeration system. This research shows that microbubble can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) within the tarpaulin pond, in which the value of DO in the system blower is 3.69 Mg/L and 5.05 Mg/L in the microbubble system. The DO value within the tarpaulin pond with the microbubble system also affects the growth and viability of the shrimp, in which the growth of shrimp cultivated in the microbubble tarpaulin pond is greater (10.16 gr) than those cultivated in the blower pond (8.77 gr). Moreover, microbubble is more efficient on the use of shrimp’s feed provided with the smaller FCR value than the blower group. The application of microbubble in the circular tarpaulin pond with a high density of population can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen and therefore support the growth of aerobic bacteria to prevent air quality degradation in consequence to increase the viability of the shrimp.
Differences In Livelihood Activities Householdes of Sasak Farmers and Sasak Fishermen In The Province of West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sahidu Adriana Monica , Dharmawan Arya Hadi , Satria Arif , Adiwibowo Soeryo , Ali Khomsan  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the provinces experiencing chronic problems regarding the emergence of cases of malnutrition and malnutrition is West Nusa Tenggara Province. The province, which is known as the national rice barn, is indeed facing the problem of cases of malnutrition and undernutrition from year to year. As with the typical characteristics of coastal ecosystems, coastal communities also have sociological characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of ecological adaptation patterns in the form of livelihood diversification for coastal Sasak households and Sasak rice fields, and to examine the socio-cultural system on the nutritional status of children under five in the coastal and Sasak Sasak communities. The research method used is to combine quantitative and qualitative methods with a post-positivism paradigm approach. The first assumption that underlies this research, is based on Steward's understanding through his theory of cultural ecology, that the adaptation of society to the environment will produce a distinctive cultural form. The results showed that the form of livelihood diversification for upper-middle-class households who owned agricultural land applied debt, manipulative, and vertical cooperation strategies. It was found that the relationship between nutrition for pregnant women and toddlers through meaning is a reflection of the cultural value orientation of the Sasak community. The meaning of the number of children plays a role in the causes of cases of malnutrition and malnutrition in coastal areas. Meanwhile, in the rice fields, on the other hand, there is a tendency for divorce to occur which causes families in the rice fields to be more fragile. The effect of ecological adaptation by households of children under five in coastal Sasak and Sasak rice fields is reflected in the value orientation which is closely related to the source of causes of cases of malnutrition and undernutrition.
Accumulation of heavy metals Pb and Hg in feather shells (Anadara antiquata) in Lekok Coastal Waters, Pasuruan Regency
Authors: Isroni W , Maulida N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research is a quantitative descriptive study that aims to determine the heavy metal contamination of Pb and Hg. Sampling was carried out exploratively in the waters of Lekok Beach, Pasuruan Regency. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive analysis by comparing the quality standards of the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004. And analyzed by correlation test to determine the relationship between the content of heavy metals Pb and Hg in seawater and sediment with feather shells. The results of this study indicate that shellfish (Anadara antiquata) can accumulate heavy metals Pb and Hg. The average accumulation of heavy metals Pb and Hg in Anadara antiquata was 2,315 ppm and 1,100 ppm. The average heavy metal content of Pb and Hg along the sea waters of the Lekok coast are 0.204 ppm and 0.073 ppm. In the sediment the average metal content of Pb and Hg is 5.318 ppm and 1.215 ppm. The heavy metal content has exceeded the quality standard limit that has been determined by the Decree of the Minister of the Environment No. 51 of 2004 and RNO, so that it can be harmful to human health who consume shellfish. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a positive correlation between the heavy metal content of Pb and Hg in sediment and seawater and the heavy metal content of Pb and Hg in shellfish.
Water replacement to reduce tetracycline residue level in the liver of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Pawestri W , Hakimah N , Pangestika M J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that frequently used to treat various bacterial infections. However, the residue of the antibiotic are often found in food of animal origin, including fish and can be hazardous if consumed by human. This study aimed to determine the effect of water replacement on the residual levels of tetracycline in the liver of tilapia after therapy. Fifty four tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) were divided into 3 groups, namely group A, B, and C. Group A as a negative control was injected with 0.25 ml NaCl 0.9% without water replacement, group B as a positive control was injected with 0.25 ml tetracycline (50 mg/kg) without water replacement, and group C was injected with 0.25 ml tetracycline (50 mg/kg) with 25% water replacement twice a day for 6 days. Subsequently, 3 tilapias were euthanized from each group daily with cranial concussion. Samples of the liver were taken. Liver were analyzed by HPLC for tetracycline residual level and analyzed with Two Way ANOVA. The results showed that there were significant differences in residual level between groups and day. It can be concluded that 25% water replacement can decrease residual level in the tilapian liver.
The effect of different stocking densities on specific growth rate and survival rate of striped snakehead (Channa striata) culture in bucket system
Authors: Latifah H , Prayogo  , Rahardja B S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStriped snakehead culture in bucket system with high stock rate at a good living environment, and also adequate feeding can lead to the maximization of production. However, if the stocking density is too high, it can inhibit the survival and growth of fish caused by competition for space, feed and oxygen as well as increased metabolic waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different stocking densities on the specific growth and survival rate of snakehead fish (Channa striata) in buckets. This study used is Completely Randomized Design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications, namely P0 (1 fish/L), P1 (2 fish/L), P2 (3 fish/L), P3 (4 fish/L) and P4 (5 fish/L). The ANOVA results showed that the difference in stocking density had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth rate of specific weight and length as well as the survival rate of fish. DMRT showed that P1 was the highest result for specific weight and length growth rates (0.90%/day and 0.80%/day) and the lowest at P4 (0.62%/day and 0.40 %/day). In addition, the highest of survival rate are also shown at P1 (95.42%) and the lowest at P4 (32.75 %).
Performance analysis of white snapper (Lates calcarifer) nursery at BBPBAP Jepara
Authors: Saputra A R S H , Samara S H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
White snapper (Lates calcarifer) is a fish with high economic value that can meet domestic and foreign needs. It’s aquaculture activity has become a commercial business. The growth of white snapper is relatively fast and has high body resistance to environmental changes. BBPBAP plays a role in the fulfillment of superior seeds through nursery activities for white snapper. This study aimed to identify and analysis the performance of white snapper nursery activity in BBPBAP Jepara. Nursery techniques for white snapper included pond preparation, seed stocking, grading, feed management, water quality management, pest and disease control, and seed harvesting. Nursery of white snapper was carried out in concrete ponds with stocking densities ranging from 1000-1500 fish/pond. The percentage of white snapper nursery in the form of seed survival rate at harvest was 80%, feed conversion ratio was 1.51. The average results of water quality parameters in white snapper fish rearing ponds included salinity ranging from 30-35 ppt, DO ranging from 3.2-3.8 mg/L, and water temperature ranging from 28.6-32.6 °C.
Analysis of feed management on vannamei shrimp (Litopenaues vannamei) enlargement in BBPBAP Jepara
Authors: Imron M , Samara S H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many people are interested in shrimp farming because the large profits. One type of shrimp that is often exported is vannamei shrimp. This study aimed to analysis the feed management of vannamei shrimp at BBPBAP Jepara. The working method used in this study was descriptive method by utilizing primary and secondary data. There were 3 ponds observed, namely A51 (268,500 density), A52 (292,000 density) and A61 (399,000 density). Observation time until shrimp is harvested. The method of feeding was to spread the feed evenly to the pond by walking around the pond plot. The percentage of white snapper nursery in the form of seed survival rate at harvest was 80%, feed conversion ratio was 1.51. The average results of water quality parameters in white snapper fish rearing ponds included salinity ranging from 30-35 ppt, DO ranging from 3.2-3.8 mg/L, and water temperature ranging from 28.6-32.6 °C. It could be concluded the white snapper nursery in BBPBAP Jepara showed good results.
The Impact of Ingroup and Outgroup Exclusion on HIV-Risk Cognitions in Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Gibson Laurel P , Blair Irene V , Bryan Angela D 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexual minority men (SMM) face disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS. Emerging evidence indicates that minority stress (e.g., discrimination) and stress from within the gay community itself (e.g., exclusion) may contribute to sexual orientation disparities in HIV prevalence and risk.PurposeThis study investigated the impact of sexual orientation discrimination and exclusion by the gay community on SMM’s intentions to engage in HIV-risk behavior.MethodsWe conducted an experiment in which we employed an exclusion manipulation to induce (a) perceived discrimination from the outgroup and (b) perceived exclusion by the ingroup in a community sample of 194 SMM. Participants completed a baseline assessment of previous discrimination, exposure to gay community stress, and HIV-risk behavior. Two days later, participants completed an experiment in which they were randomized to one of four conditions in the game Cyberball: (a) exclusion by straight men, (b) inclusion by straight men, (c) exclusion by gay men, or (d) inclusion by gay men. Risky sex intentions were then assessed.ResultsDiscrimination and gay community stress were positively associated with HIV-risk behaviors at baseline. Participants who were excluded (vs. included) by straight men in the experimental task reported more risky sex intentions. This effect was mediated by decreases in state self-esteem. Risky sex intentions did not differ between participants who were included versus excluded by gay men.ConclusionsThis study provides the first experimental evidence that discrimination is associated with sexual risk taking in SMM, and elucidates a potential psychological mechanism through which this effect operates.
Logistics Contracts and the Political Economy of State Failure: Evidence from Somalia
Authors: Elder Claire 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Scholars have long sought to understand how economic rents may inhibit the formation of effective and accountable government. Prevailing interpretations of empirical state failure do not adequately account for economic connections and rents. Based on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork and original source material from the Somalia context, this study shows how the dominance of the logistics economy, as a system of ‘graft’ endogenous to state-building, has contributed to empirical state failure. Empirical state failure is characterized by intra-elite struggle, endemic political violence, and insecurity including the threat posed by Islamic extremism. Contributing to the study of political settlements, political clientelism, and business–state relationships in Africa, findings from this study offer new insights for understanding how the dominance of logistics rents and lead firms within a political system may prevent the establishment of legitimate, centralized authorities. These findings contribute to the broader study of Africa’s political economies which have experienced protracted civil war and post-conflict reconstruction. In conclusion, it argues how economic development, procurement reform agendas, and efforts to withhold or withdraw aid through economic sanctions fail to resolve endemic conflict and governance issues due to vested interests, elite fragmentation, and polycentric aid practices. Instead, both government policy and foreign interventions continue to empower lead logistics firms (as skilful political entrepreneurs) that destabilize the Federal Government of Somalia.
Predicting foraging dive outcomes in chinstrap penguins using biologging and animal-borne cameras
Authors: Manco Fabrizio , Lang Stephen D J , Trathan Philip N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Direct observation of foraging behavior is not always possible, especially for marine species that hunt underwater. However, biologging and tracking devices have provided detailed information about how various species use their habitat. From these indirect observations, researchers have inferred behaviors to address a variety of research questions, including the definition of ecological niches. In this study, we deployed video cameras with GPS and time-depth recorders on 16 chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) during the brood phase of the 2018–2019 breeding season on Signy (South Orkney Islands). More than 57 h of footage covering 770 dives were scrutinized by two observers. The outcome of each dive was classified as either no krill encounter, individual krill or krill swarm encounter and the number of prey items caught per dive was estimated. Other variables derived from the logging devices or from the environment were used to train a machine-learning algorithm to predict the outcome of each dive. Our results show that despite some limitations, the data collected from the footage was reliable. We also demonstrate that it was possible to accurately predict the outcome of each dive from dive and horizontal movement variables in a manner that has not been used for penguins previously. For example, our models show that a fast dive ascent rate and a high density of dives are good indicators of krill and especially of swarm encounter. Finally, we discuss how video footage can help build accurate habitat models to provide wider knowledge about predator behavior or prey distribution.
Biophysical and modeling-based approach for the identification of inhibitors against DOHH fromLeishmania donovani
Authors: Katiki Madhusudhanarao , Sharma Monica , Neetu Neetu , Rentala Madhubala , Kumar Pravindra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe amino acid hypusine (Nε-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl(lysine)) occurs only in isoforms of eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) and has a role in initiating protein translation. Hypusinated eIF5A promotes translation and modulates mitochondrial function and oxygen consumption rates. The hypusination of eIF5A involves two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). DOHH is the second enzyme that completes the synthesis of hypusine and the maturation of eIF5A. Our current study aims to identify inhibitors against DOHH from Leishmania donovani (LdDOHH), an intracellular protozoan parasite causing Leishmaniasis in humans. The LdDOHH protein was produced heterologously in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and characterized biochemically. The three-dimensional structure was predicted, and the compounds folic acid, scutellarin and homoarbutin were selected as top hits in virtual screening. These compounds were observed to bind in the active site of LdDOHH stabilizing the structure by making hydrogen bonds in the active site, as observed by the docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. These results pave the path for further investigation of these molecules for their anti-leishmanial activities.