bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of a protocol for thermographic assessment of the orbicularis oris muscle
Authors: Salles Patrícia Vieira , Valentim Amanda Freitas , Haddad Denise Sabbagh , Furlan Renata Maria Moreira Moraes , Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes , Motta Andréa Rodrigues 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe orbicularis oris muscle is extremely important to performing various oral functions, including mastication, swallowing and speech. Infrared thermography is a non‐invasive painless technique that does not require either contrast or ionisation. It has been increasingly used in speech‐language‐hearing therapy in the last years.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to propose a thermographic analysis method for the orbicularis oris muscle.MethodsThis is an observational, analytical, cross‐sectional study. The area of the orbicularis oris muscle was defined based on its anatomy with thermographic images of 11 children and 13 adults. Then, this area was divided into four quadrants, each of which was analysed considering four different shapes: a triangle; a rectangle; a triangle with a rounded side, including the vermilion zone; and a customised shape encompassing only the region of the orbicularis oris muscle, not including the vermilion zone. Data were collected and analysed with the coefficient of variation and interrater agreement.ResultsData variability for the four shapes had similar dispersions per region of the orbicularis oris muscle, in both maximum and mean temperatures and in both children and adults. The rectangle was the shape with the lowest coefficient of variation in more regions of both adults and children. Interrater agreement was excellent for all shapes, in both children and adults.ConclusionCurrently, the best way to analyse the orbicularis oris muscle's quadrants is to use the maximum temperature and the rectangle, based on an initial ellipsis encompassing the whole muscle.
Do business customers perceive what salespeople believe? Perceptions of salesperson adoption of innovations
Authors: Endres Herbert , Helm Roland , Schmitz Christian , Hofstetter Christine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA salesperson's commitment and effort toward an innovation can determine whether the customer agrees to buy it, such that customers' perceptions of such commitment and effort are critical. But these perceptions also might differ fundamentally from the salesperson's self‐perceptions of commitment and effort. Therefore, this paper presents a theoretical framework of the relation between salesperson‐perceived and customer‐perceived commitment and effort, as exhibited by the salesperson while selling an innovation, which represents salesperson adoption. In the framework, job satisfaction factors also exert contingent, moderating effects. The authors gather unique, dyadic data from surveys of salespeople and their (potential) business customers during visits to sell a conventional, incremental innovation, complemented by objective purchase data gathered from company records. Three key insights emerge fromt this study. First, salespeople's own perceptions of their commitment and effort have only moderate influences on customers' perceptions of salespeople's commitment and effort. Second, customers seem to recognize salesperson effort more readily than salesperson commitment, although salesperson commitment has a higher sales performance impact than salesperson effort. Thus, sales managers should seek to encourage and support both the commitment of salespeople and also perceptions of that commitment among customers. Third, while a higher organizational support or job autonomy strengthens customers' perceptions of salesperson adoption, a higher pay satisfaction diminishes it. Thus, firms might need to find ways to increase the support for the salespeople and their autonomy and to reduce salespeople's satisfaction with their (direct) payments. In total, these findings suggest significant scientific and managerial implications.
Behavioural drivers of suboptimal maternal and child feeding practices in Rwanda: An anthropological study
Authors: Birungi Annet , Koita Youssouf , Roopnaraine Terry , Matsiko Eric , Umugwaneza Maryse 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt 33% of under‐5s, stunting rates in Rwanda remain stubbornly high, as do figures for maternal (25% of pregnant women) and childhood anaemia (37%). Intensive communication and education campaigns have provided caregivers with high levels of knowledge about best practices in Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN), but this is not translating into the improved diets which could contribute to reducing rates of stunting. Deploying an anthropological approach via multi‐module Focused Ethnographic Studies carried out within household case studies, the research team sought to understand drivers of suboptimal feeding practices in a sample of 30 households across all of Rwanda's districts. The sample included households with pregnant women as well as children in the 6–60 month age range. Analysed against a framework of proximal and underlying causes of under‐nutrition, our results reveal gaps in the knowledge‐capability‐practice chain resulting from decisions and prioritisations taken by caregivers and heads‐of‐household. Pregnant women and mothers of young children possess high levels of knowledge about feeding themselves and their young children, but this is not reflected in decision‐making and prioritisation around the acquisition and feeding of animal source foods, whose consumption is low among both groups. This was found to be true even in households which own and raise livestock. Turning to policy and programmes, we argue for a move towards incentivized human capital programming focusing on the ‘last mile’ behaviour change which is needed to translate knowledge and capability into better dietary choices.
Unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Enterococcus faecalis requires a specific enoyl‐ACP reductase
Authors: Dong Huijuan , Cronan John E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Enterococcus faecalis genome contains two enoyl‐ACP reductases genes, fabK and fabI, which encode proteins having very different structures. Enoyl‐ACP reductase catalyzes the last step of the elongation cycle of type II fatty acid synthesis pathway. The fabK gene is located within the large fatty acid synthesis operon whereas fabI is located together with two genes fabN and fabO required for unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Prior work showed that FabK is weakly expressed due to poor translational initiation and hence virtually all the cellular enoyl ACP reductase activity is that encoded by fabI. Since FabK is a fully functional enzyme, the question is why FabI is an essential enzyme. Why not increase FabK activity? We report that overproduction of FabK is lethal whereas FabI overproduction only slows the growth and is not lethal. In both cases, normal growth is restored by the addition of oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, to the medium indicating that enoyl ACP reductase overproduction disrupts unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. We report that this is due to competition with FabO, a putative 3‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase I via FabN, a dehydratase/isomerase providing evidence that the enoyl‐ACP reductase must be matched to the unsaturated fatty acid synthetic genes. FabO has been ascribed the same activity as E. coli FabB and we report in vitro evidence that this is the case, whereas FabN is a dehydratase/isomerase, having the activity of E. coli FabA. However, FabN is much larger than FabA, it is a hexamer rather than a dimer like FabA.
A novel regulatory complex mediated by Lanata (Ln) controls multicellular trichome formation in tomato
Authors: Xie Qingmin , Xiong Cheng , Yang Qihong , Zheng Fangyan , Larkin Robert M. , Zhang Junhong , Wang Taotao , Zhang Yuyang , Ouyang Bo , Lu Yongen , Ye Jie , Ye Zhibiao , Yang Changxian 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Trichomes that originate from plant aerial epidermis act as mechanical and chemical barriers against herbivores. Although several regulators have recently been identified, the regulatory pathway underlying multicellular trichome formation remains largely unknown in tomato.

Here, we report a novel HD‐ZIP IV transcription factor, Lanata (Ln), a missense mutation which caused the hairy phenotype. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that Ln separately interacts with two trichome regulators, Woolly (Wo) and Hair (H). Genetic and molecular evidence demonstrates that Ln directly regulates the expression of H.

The interaction between Ln and Wo can increase trichome density by enhancing the expression of SlCycB2 and SlCycB3, which we previously showed are involved in tomato trichome formation.

Furthermore, SlCycB2 represses the transactivation of the SlCycB3 gene by Ln and vice versa. Our findings provide new insights into the novel regulatory network controlling multicellular trichome formation in tomato.
Podoplanin could be a predictive biomarker of the risk of patients with oral leukoplakia to develop oral cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Monteiro Luis , Mariano Lorena C. , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify and analyze the existing literature on the utility of podoplanin to predict the risk of malignancy development (MD) in patients previously diagnosed with oral leukoplakia (OL).MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis (SRMA) was performed though a search strategy using several electronic databases and a combination of keywords related to podoplanin and MD of OL, until 15 May, 2022 (PROSPERO CRD42022329326). Evaluation of the risk of bias (ROB) was performed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies Tool. The meta‐analyses were estimated using fixed‐effect models.ResultsFrom 421 articles, 6 studies were finally included, that enrolled 546 patients with OL, of whom 125 presented with an oral cancer during follow‐up (32 to 90 months). Some limitations regarding the ROB were identified mostly related to small sample sizes, short follow‐up times, lack of information on covariables in the included studies and lack of accuracy (including sensitivity and specificity). Meta‐analysis of 6 studies reveal that high expression of podoplanin carries a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 3.72 (95% CI, 2.40–5.76; p < 0.00001) for MD without statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.53).ConclusionThe results of this SRMA support the role of podoplanin immunohistochemical expression as a potential predictive biomarker to assess the risk of malignancy development in oral leukoplakia.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Cross‐link Usage and Position in the Single and Multiple Segment Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Han Lin , Yang Haisong , Li Yongheng , Li Zhiyong , Ma Hongdao , Wang Chenfeng , Yuan Jincan , Zheng Luyu , Chen Qiang , Lu Xuhua 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivePrevious studies have neither explored the usage of cross‐links nor investigated the optimal position of the cross‐links in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). This study evaluates biomechanical properties of cross‐links in terms of different fixation segments and optimal position in single‐ and multi‐segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion.MethodsTwo finite element (FE) models of instrumented lumbosacral spine with single‐(L4/5) and multi‐segment (L3‐S1) PLIF surgery were simulated. On the basis of the two models, the benefits of the usage of cross‐links were assessed and compared with the status of no application of cross‐links. Moreover, the effects of position of cross‐links on multi‐segment PLIF surgery were studied in Upper, Middle, and Lower positions.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the range of motion (ROM), intersegmental rotational angle (IRA) of adjacent segments, and intradiscal pressure (IDP) regardless of the usage of cross‐links in the single‐segment PLIF surgery, while the cross‐link increased the maximum von Mises stress in the fixation (MSF) under the axial rotation (53.65 MPa vs 41.42 MPa). In the multi‐segment PLIF surgery, the usage of cross‐links showed anti‐rotational advantages indicated by ROM (Without Cross‐link 2.35o, Upper, 2.24o; Middle, 2.26o; Lower, 2.30o) and IRA (Without Cross‐link 1.19o, Upper, 1.08o; Middle, 1.09o; Lower, 1.13o). The greatest values of MSF were found in without cross‐link case under the flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation (37.48, 62.61, and 86.73 MPa). The application of cross‐links at the Middle and Lower positions had lower values of MSF (48.79 and 69.62 MPa) under the lateral bending and axial rotation, respectively.ConclusionThe application of cross‐links was not beneficial for the single‐segment PLIF, while it was found highly advantageous for the multi‐segment PLIF. Moreover, the usage of cross‐links at the Middle or Lower positions resulted in a better biomechanical stability.
Economic costs of the Russia‐Ukraine war
Authors: Liadze Iana , Macchiarelli Corrado , Mortimer‐Lee Paul , Sanchez Juanino Patricia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe unprovoked and brutal invasion of Ukraine by Russia on 24 February 2022 is imposing a terrible human cost. In this paper, we use the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM) to quantify the impact of the war on the global economy. The war represents a massive cost, equivalent to 1% of global GDP in 2022, or about $1.5 trillion valued at purchasing power parity exchange rates (PPP), compared with our GDP forecast made at the beginning of 2022. Europe is the region affected most, given trade links its proximity to Ukraine and Russia and its reliance on energy and food supplies from those countries. GDP in Europe is expected to shrink by more than 1% in 2022 compared with our forecast at the beginning of 2022. In Western Europe, Germany will be worst affected, followed by France and Italy. GDP in ‘Developing Europe’, where Ukraine is the largest representative, is expected to shrink by 30%. The war will also add about 2% to global inflation in 2022 and 1% in 2023, compared with NIESR's inflation projection at the beginning of 2022.
Wind Load Similarity Relations for Parabolic Trough Collectors
Authors: Yang Moucun , Zhi Liming , Liu Huan , Zhu Yuezhao , Taylor Robert A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Large-scale parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) are generally installed in flat, open areas. Their specific costs ($/m2) are dependent on wind load-based structural design factors. To help estimate these wind loads, validated numerical simulations were used to develop similarity relations for large-scale PTCs. First, similarity relations of wind pressure, force, and lift/drag coefficients were deduced between a full-sized model (FM) and a scaled-down experimental similarity model. Second, the wind loads on the similarity model were simulated with a computational model to analyze the pressure distributions and aerodynamic performance under different wind speeds and pitch angles. Third, the computational method was extended to compute wind loads on a LS-2 collector (a commercial-scale PTC designed by LUZ International Ltd). The numerical results had a close agreement with the experiment results, on the whole, achieving a mean relative error in the drag coefficients of 5.1%, 3.8% in the lift coefficients and 5.0% in the moment coefficients, which indicated that the simulation model was valid. Further, compared with the shear stress transport model for the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) along with large eddy simulations for the ABL, the k–ɛ turbulence model has better accuracy. Finally, practical similarity equations were proposed which can be used to estimate the wind loads on a range of PTC designs in a wide range of conditions. The mean relative error of these practical similarity equations was found to be within 12.0%. Overall, this study reports a validated set of similarity equations that can be used to bypass costly numerical simulation and/or wind tunnel testing for the estimation of wind loads on the large-scale PTCs (e.g., the EuroTrough) installed in flat, open areas.
A New Evaluation Metric for Demand Response-Driven Real-Time Price Prediction Towards Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Yun Lingxiang , Li Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The increasing industry energy demand highlights the urgency of demand response management, while the emerging smart manufacturing technologies pave the way for the implementation of real-time price (RTP)-based demand response management towards sustainable manufacturing. The demand response management requires scheduling of manufacturing systems based on RTP predictions, and thus the prediction quality can directly alter the effectiveness of demand response. However, since the general price prediction algorithms and prediction evaluation metrics are not specifically designed for RTP in demand response problems, a good RTP prediction obtained and evaluated by these algorithms and metrics may not be suitable for demand response scheduling. Therefore, in this study, the relationships between the effectiveness of demand response for manufacturing systems and evaluation results from six commonly used metrics are investigated. Meanwhile, a new metric called k-peak distance (KPD), considering the characteristics of the demand response problem, is proposed and compared with the other six metrics. Furthermore, an encoder-decoder long short-term memory recurrent neural network with KPD is proposed to provide better RTP prediction for manufacturing demand response problems. The case studies indicate that the proposed KPD metric shows a 1.8–3.6 times higher correlation with the demand response effectiveness compared to the other metrics. In addition, the production schedule based on the RTP prediction obtained from the proposed algorithm can improve the effectiveness of demand response by 23.4% on average.
Topology Optimization Design of Scramjet Structures With Forced Convective Heat Transfer on Unstructured Meshes
Authors: Duan Zhijian , Xie Gongnan , Li Xin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A topology optimization strategy with coupled fluid–solid interaction was proposed to maximize the cooling efficiency of a kind of structure applied for scramjets. The Galerkin finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the forced convective heat transfer, and the rational approximation of material properties (RAMP) method combined with the globally convergent method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA) method are used to solve the topological optimization models with different boundary conditions and objective functions. Examples are provided to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the optimization strategy. The optimal flow passages of scramjet structures are achieved successfully. Compared with a baseline structure with rectangular straight passages, the optimized flow passages significantly reduce the averaged bulk temperature and pressure loss, and the bulk temperature is more uniform to avoid the occurrence of concentrated high-temperature areas. With the Reynolds number changing from 1000 to 1750, the heat transfer performance of the three-dimensional topology-optimized structure increases by 16.79% to 20.82%.
Assessment of the Flow Field and Heat Transfer in a Vane Cooling System Using Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry, Thermochromic Liquid Crystals, and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Bruschewski Martin , Wüstenhagen Carolin , Domnick Clemens , Krewinkel Robert , Shiau Chao-Cheng , Grundmann Sven , Han Je-Chin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the standard tool in the turbomachinery industry to analyze and optimize internal cooling systems of turbine components, but the code applied has to be validated. This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical study on the flow field and heat transfer in a cooling system consisting of a three-pass serpentine with rib turbulators and trailing edge ejection. The cooling geometry is taken from a stator vane currently used in an industrial gas turbine and operates at a coolant inlet Reynolds number of 45,000. As an experimental technique, magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) was used to obtain the three-dimensional time-averaged velocity field of the isothermal flow. The measurements were conducted in a large-scale model and resulted in 3.2 million velocity vectors and measurement uncertainty of 6.1% of the bulk inlet velocity. The local wall heat transfer was measured in a separate experiment using thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC). These measurements yielded the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient on both the pressure and the suction side internal walls with a measurement uncertainty of 12%. The experimental data are used as a reference for the numerical study. In total, eight turbulence models are evaluated here, including one-equation, two-equation, algebraic and differential Reynolds stress models, and a scale adaptive simulation. The results show the differences between the velocity fields and the heat transfer coefficient distribution, allowing for the identification of the optimum turbulence model for this particular type of flow.
Scaling Flat Plate Overall Effectiveness Measurements
Authors: McNamara Luke J. , Fischer Jacob P. , Kernan Marta E. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLow temperature experiments are often performed on models of cooled turbine components in order to predict the temperature of the actual turbine component at engine conditions. Designing the scaled experiment properly takes care beyond simply matching the freestream Reynolds number. For instance, it is well known that for the overall effectiveness to match that at engine conditions, the Biot number of the experimental model must match that of the engine component. Somewhat less clear is the method by which one must scale the coolant flowrate. Widely used coolant flowrate parameters have generally been informed based on the results of adiabatic effectiveness experiments and it remains unclear how well these parameters also allow for matched overall effectiveness, which is highly dependent on internal cooling. In the present work, overall effectiveness distributions were measured on a flat plate with three rows of zero-degree compound angle 7-7-7 shaped holes. The influence of various thermodynamic gas properties was examined using several foreign gases as the coolant while matching coolant flowrate parameters M, I, and ACR. It is shown that the thermal conductivity of the coolant plays an outsized role in the overall effectiveness, but this is not accounted for with any of the traditional coolant flowrate parameters. With significant thermal conductivity variations possible between the coolant and freestream gas at both engine and experimental conditions, consideration of this effect is of vital importance to the experimentalist.