bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paranoid OS: Wearable Trackers
Authors: Almeida Afonso , Coelho Nuno , Lopes Nuno 
Published: June 2022

Throughout human evolution, communication has always played a central role in favor of the development and approximation of the species.
Within this project, the main objective is to analyze different wearable devices (more specifically fitness tracking devices) with the intention of presenting the strengths and weaknesses related to the security and privacy frameworks that these devices make use of.
To reach these objectives some devices will be acquired for testing, starting from the earliest point of the communication (Bluetooth connection) until the latter states (communications through the Internet).
“Paranoid” operating systems and methodologies have been developed and studied over the years, both for mobile and desktop systems in order to maintain the security and anonymity of their users, and although related studies have been in existence for some time, this proposal aims to develop an answer to a theme not very distinct, but more specific and modern “Paranoid OS: Wearable Trackers”.
It is with this purpose in mind that the path taken by this technology will be presented in this document, considering what are the communication protocols, what data goes through these communication channels and finally where is the user’s data.
Recomposição de áreas de preservação permanente: estudo de caso na cidade de Maringá (PR)
Authors: Albertin Ricardo Massulo , Angelis Bruno Luiz Domingos De , Angeoletto Fabio Henrique Soares , Silva Frederico Fonseca , Baggio Marina Moura , Traci Daniela Ferreira 
Published: June 2022

Os impactos ambientais negativos provados pelas atividades humanas têm consequências que comprometem a qualidade de vida das pessoas nas cidades. Uma das formas de minimização é por meio da institucionalização de áreas de preservação permanente. Com isso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo diagnosticar e estabelecer diretrizes e procedimentos para a recomposição de áreas de preservação permanentes num trecho do ribeirão Bandeirantes do Sul, na cidade de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. Os procedimentos metodológicos contemplaram as etapas de caracterização da área de estudo, levantamentos in loco e recomposição da área de preservação permanente conforme legislações ambientais e em Carpanezzi; Carpanezi (2006) segundo o princípio de escolha, seleção e combinação de espécies na região bioclimática 4. Os resultados evidenciaram que o ribeirão Bandeirantes do Sul encontra-se parcialmente degradado, com a ocorrência de processos de assoreamento e erosão fluvial, fruto, dentre outros aspectos, da ausência de vegetação nativa e presença de espécies exóticas, que são mala in se à biodiversidade. A área efetivamente a ser recomposta com espécies nativas totalizou 14.620,71m², no qual prevê-se o plantio de 1.675 árvores nativas.
Consumo de energia hidrelétrica no meio rural brasileiro: uma visão sustentável
Authors: Remussi Rejane , Biegelmeyer Uiliam Hahn , Fernandes Alice Munz , Craco Tania , Motta Marta Elisete Ventura da 
Published: June 2022

O setor elétrico brasileiro atualmente encontra-se em colapso, onde períodos com temperaturas elevadas, escassez de água e elevação do consumo de eletricidade e impactam na operação e manutenção da principal fonte de energia do País, as usinas hidrelétricas. Sob uma visão sustentável, as hidrelétricas deixaram de serem consideradas fontes limpas e ambientalmente corretas de energia, impulsionando as pesquisas e investimentos em novas fontes geradoras de eletricidade. Dentre as classes de consumo dessa energia, o meio rural apresenta histórico de elevação da demanda, justificando-se pela adoção de novas tecnologias e modernização nas técnicas de produção agrícola, cujo viés de expansão demonstra insuficiência e insustentabilidade da oferta de eletricidade. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em descrever o setor elétrico nacional, apresentando as características e ênfase de consumo do meio rural, ao qual foi proposto outras fontes de energia elétrica. Esta pesquisa caracterizou-se como exploratória e descritiva quanto a sua finalidade e bibliográfica e documental em relação aos seus procedimentos, apresentando o histórico de consumo de eletricidade pelo meio rural brasileiro e seu viés de expansão, enfatizando a hidroeletricidade sob uma visão sustentável e propondo a adoção da energia eólica e da biomassa como fontes sustentáveis para geração de eletricidade no meio rural.
Evaluation of e-Problem-Based Learning (e-PBL) Sessions in the Faculty of Medicine during the Pandemic Period
Authors: KARAHAN Seher , AĞADAYI Ezgi , KARAGÖZ Naim 
Published: June 2022

Aim
In our research, we aimed to evaluate the opinions of students and academicians about PBL carried out with distance practice(e-PBL) in a medical faculty during the pandemic period.
Methods
Class 1, 2 and 3 students who participated in the e-PBL sessions at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine(SCÜTF) in the 2020-2021 academic year and faculty members who served as Educational Guides(EG) in these sessions participated in our descriptive cross-sectional study.After each PBL session, the Department of Medical Education(AD) routinely applies a PBL feedback questionnaire to the entire student population and an EG evaluation form consisting of 6 statements for them to evaluate the educational guides.This year, additional questions about online education were added to the feedback surveys in distance education.The data of the study were analyzed in SPSS 25.0 program and descriptive statistics, chi-square and Student-T were used.
Results
A total of 509 students and 32 faculty members participated in our research. There was a significant difference between the PBL education guide(EG) scores of the students in the face-to-face education period in 2019-2020 and the PBL education guide scores given by distance education this year (p
Assessing Health Threats of Residents Living Close to Household Refuse Collection Points in Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon
Authors: Lucia Nkengazong , Irma Kame-Ngasse Ginette , Halmata Mohamadou , Elvis Kidzeru , Serge Zebaze Togouet 
Published: June 2022

Aims: Household wastes constitute favorable environment for the development of human pathogens, posing thus important public health problem in the absence of appropriate waste management. This study aimed to assess health problems of people living close to household refuse collection points in the city of Yaoundé.
Study Design: The prospective and cross-sectional study consisted of collecting stool samples from the populations in 12 quarters of Yaoundé around Hygiene and Sanitation in Cameroon refuse collection sites from November 2019 to February 2020.
Methodology: Stool samples collected were treated with the formol ether and Kato-Katz technics. Questionnaires were administered to volunteer participants to evaluate risk factors related to contamination.
Results: Of the 252 stool samples collected from participants aged 4 to 60 years, 209 (82.9%) individuals were infected with at least one species of intestinal pathogens. The pathogens identified belong to Helminthes (16.7%): Ascaris lumbricoides (12.3%), Trichirus trichiura (3.2%), hookworms (5.5%), to Protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica (11.5%), Entamoeba coli (13.5%), and Yeast Candida spp. (76.1%). Infection rate varied significantly by neighborhood (P= 0.02). The distance between residence and the collection point (P= 0.004); hand washing with soap before meals (P = 0.001); frequency of abdominal pain (P= 0.001); the date of the last deworming (P= 0.003); promiscuity (P= 0.005); source of water supply (P= 0.002) and the distance between the water source and the collection point (P = 0.006) were the main risk factors for the transmission of intestinal parasitosis.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that people living close to HYSACAM dumpsites could be exposed to high risk of contamination of pathogens which develop and are propagated from these areas. An appropriate management house hood wastes collection point is indispensable in maintaining the neighborhood population in a healthy status.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of Synthesised Azo Compounds based on β-naphthol, Catechol and Quinol Nucleus
Authors: Attoh Claudia Naa Dedei , Adu Joseph , Danquah Cynthia Amaning , Jibira Yakubu , Gyan Patrick , Adusei Emmanuel Bentil Asare , Amengor Cedric Dzidzor 
Published: June 2022

A series of 10-aryl substituted azo dyes were synthesized by coupling of β-naphthol, catechol, and quinol with different aromatic amines. The synthetic compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The characterization of the synthesized compounds was carried out by UV, IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. 13C NMR was employed to confirm the structural identity of some of the compounds. After screening for the presence of antimicrobial constituents in the azo compounds using HTSPOTi culture method, quinol compounds 7 [(E)-2(2nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,4-diol] and 10 [(E)-2-(3-nitrophenyl) diazinyl) benzene-1,4-diol] were the most active in terms of broad spectrum activity against Gram-positives [Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyrogenes (clinical strain), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212)],, Gram-negatives [Salmonella typhi (clinical strain), Escherichia coli (ATCC 251922)] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and the Candida albicans at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15.63-31.25 µg/mL. A quinol derivative, [(E)-2-(2nitrophenyl) diazinyl) benzene-1, 4-diol], exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity in the heat-denatured egg albumin assay. Compounds [ethyl (Z)-4-(3-hydroxynapthalen-1-yl (diazinyl) benzoate] and (E)-2-((3-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,4-diol showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity during the antioxidant assay.
Ultralow‐Expansion Lithium Metal Composite Anode via Gradient Framework Design
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Yuan Boyu , Sun Chuang , Lu Yuhao , Lin Xiaoping , Chen Maohua , Xie Yuansen , Zhang Shanqing , Lai Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImproving the stability of lithium (Li) anodes is critical for the safety and reliability of Li metal batteries. Developing a 3D conductive Li host is suggested as one of the most promising strategies in this context, especially for suppressing the pulverization of the electrode. However, the material consistency and volume expansion of the electrodes (<15%) represent significant challenges for their applications in commercial pouch cells. In this work, dual‐gradient architecture, combining rigidity and flexibility through the synergistic effect of silver wires and carbon nanotubes, is fabricated by a facile suction filtration method. This unique network shows a volume expansion of only 5.4%, outperforming all previously reported composite Li anodes. In addition, the online digital holography clearly monitors the preferential deposition of metallic Li at the lithiophilic layer. Consequently, the present gradient host effectively prevents the deposition of metallic Li at the electrode/separator interface, resulting in excellent cycling stability in both symmetric and full cells.
Walking Dead Tumor Cells for Targeted Drug Delivery Against Lung Metastasis of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Zitong , Fang Lei , Xiao Ping , Sun Xiangshi , Zhou Lei , Liu Xiaochen , Wang Jue , Wang Guanru , Cao Haiqiang , Zhang Pengcheng , Jiang Yanyan , Wang Dangge , Li Yaping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLung metastasis is challenging in patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Surgery is always not available due to the dissemination of metastatic foci and most drugs are powerless because of poor retention at metastatic sites. TNBC cells generate an inflamed microenvironment and overexpress adhesive molecules to promote invasion and colonization. Herein, “walking dead” TNBC cells are developed through conjugating anti‐PD‐1 (programmed death protein 1 inhibitor) and doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded liposomes onto cell corpses for temporal chemo‐immunotherapy against lung metastasis. The walking dead TNBC cells maintain plenary tumor antigens to conduct vaccination effects. Anti‐PD‐1 antibodies are conjugated to cell corpses via reduction‐activated linker, and DOX‐loaded liposomes are attached by maleimide–thiol coupling. This anchor strategy enables rapid release of anti‐PD‐1 upon reduction conditions while long‐lasting release of DOX at inflamed metastatic sites. The walking dead TNBC cells improve pulmonary accumulation and local retention of drugs, reprogram the lung microenvironment through damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and PD‐1 blockade, and prolong overall survival of lung metastatic 4T1 and EMT6‐bearing mice. Taking advantage of the walking dead TNBC cells for pulmonary preferred delivery of chemotherapeutics and checkpoint inhibitors, this study suggests an alternative treatment option of chemo‐immunotherapy to augment the efficacy against lung metastasis.
Optical Sensing by Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Physics to Biomolecule Detection
Authors: Khan Sayed Ali , Khan Noor Zamin , Xie Yinong , Abbas Muhammad Tahir , Rauf Muhammad , Mehmood Ikhtisham , Runowski Marcin , Agathopoulos Simeon , Zhu Jinfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetasurfaces are planar or 2D forms of metamaterials made up of arrays of antennas with a subwavelength thickness. They have been rapidly developed in the recent years due to their ability to manipulate light–matter interaction in both linear and non‐linear regimes at the nanoscale. Various metasurfaces display remarkable optical features, such as acute resonance, significant near‐field enhancement, and suitable capacity to support electric and magnetic modes, on account of the strong light–matter interaction and the low optical loss. Due to these important properties, they can be used in several advanced optoelectronic applications, like surface‐enhanced spectroscopy, photocatalysis, and sensing. This review reports on the recent progress of metamaterials and metasurfaces in molecular optical sensors. The principles that govern plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces along with their features are outlined, supported by numerous examples. Then, the factors that result in a high Q‐factor are presented in order to show that metamaterials and metasurfaces can be used for label‐free sensing in a variety of detection mechanisms, including surface‐enhanced spectroscopy, refractometric sensing, and surface‐enhanced thermal emission spectroscopy via infrared absorption and Raman scattering, as well as chiral sensing. Finally, the challenges for future development are outlined.
Bromide‐Catalyzed Electrochemical Csp3−H Oxidation of Acetonitrile: Stereoselective Synthesis of Heteroaryl Vinyl Sulfides
Authors: Wan Jin‐Lin , Huang Jing‐Mei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn electrochemical oxidative C−H/S−H cross‐coupling reaction between acetonitrile and heteroaryl thiols has been developed. Me4NBr is employed as a redox catalyst to oxidize both the Csp3−H of acetonitrile and S−H of heteroaryl thiols. Heteroaryl vinyl sulfides were afforded under metal‐free and oxidant‐free reaction conditions in good yields and stereoselectivities with excellent functional group tolerance. The synthetic applicability of the electrochemical method was further highlighted by its easy scalability.magnified image
Well‐Defined [Cp*Co(N,O)I]‐Catalysts for Site‐Selective Intramolecular C−H Amidation
Authors: Dahiya Pardeep , Sarkar Ankita , Sundararaju Basker 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present an efficient method for forming C−N bonds via intramolecular amidation catalyzed by well‐defined Cp*Co(N,O)I complexes. The reaction has been operate under mild conditions and produced a regioselective amidation product without the use of a bulky counter anion or expensive fluorinated solvents. The Cp*Co(N,O)‐I catalyst is very effective for intramolecular benzylic, tertiary, and internal C(sp3)−H bond amidation, but ineffective for intramolecular C(sp2)−H bond amidation.magnified image
Self‐Healing and Shape‐Editable Wearable Supercapacitors Based on Highly Stretchable Hydrogel Electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Yizhou , Liang Quanduo , Mugo Samuel M. , An Lijia , Zhang Qiang , Lu Yuyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractShape editability combined with a self‐healing capability and long‐term cycling durability are highly desirable properties for wearable supercapacitors. Most wearable supercapacitors have rigid architecture and lack the capacity for editability into desirable shapes. Through sandwiching hydrogel electrolytes between two electrodes, a suite of wearable supercapacitors that integrate desirable properties namely: repeated shape editability, excellent self‐healing capability, and long‐term cycling durability is demonstrated. A strategy is proposed to enhance the long‐term cycling durability by utilizing hydrogel electrolytes with unique cross‐linking structures. The dynamic crosslinking sites are formed by quadruple H bonds and hydrophobic association, stabilizing the supercapacitors from inorganic ion disruption during charge–discharge processes. The fabricated supercapacitors result in the capacitance retention rates of 99.6% and 95.8% after 5000 and 10 000 charge–discharge cycles, respectively, which are much higher than others reported in the literature. Furthermore, the supercapacitor sheets can be repeatedly processed into various shapes without any capacitance loss. The supercapacitors exhibit a 95% capacitance retention rate after five cutting/self‐healing cycles, indicative of their excellent self‐healing performance. To demonstrate real‐life applicability, the wearable supercapacitors are successfully used to power a light‐emitting diode and an electronic watch.
On the road again: A cross‐sectional survey examining work schedules, commuting time, and driving‐related outcomes among U.S. oil and gas extraction workers
Authors: Hagan‐Haynes Kyla , Ramirez‐Cardenas Alejandra , Wingate Kaitlin C. , Pratt Stephanie , Ridl Sophie , Schmick Emily , Snawder John , Dalsey Elizabeth , Hale Christa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOil and gas extraction (OGE) workers in the United States experience high fatality rates, with motor vehicle crashes the leading cause of death. Land‐based OGE workers drive frequently to remote and temporary worksites. Limited information is available on factors that may influence crash risk for this workforce.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 500 land‐based OGE workers examined work schedules and hours, commuting, sleep, employer policies, and their relationship to potentially harmful events while driving.ResultsOver 60% of participants worked 12 or more hours per day. The mean daily roundtrip commuting time was 1.82 h. Longer daily commutes, nonstandard work schedules, less sleep on workdays, and lack of employer policies were associated with one or more risky driving‐related outcomes.ConclusionsImplementation and evaluation of OGE employer policies and programs to limit long work hours, reduce long daily commutes, promote sufficient sleep, and reduce drowsy driving among U.S. OGE workers are needed.
Engineering a Local Free Water Enriched Microenvironment for Surpassing Platinum Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Wen Qunlei , Duan Junyuan , Wang Wenbin , Huang Danji , Liu Youwen , Shi Yongliang , Fang JiaKun , Nie Anmin , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManipulating the catalyst–electrolyte interface to push reactants into the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) is highly desirable for efficient electrocatalysts, however, it has rarely been implemented due to the elusive electrochemical IHP and inherent inert catalyst surface. Here, we propose the introduction of local force fields by the surface hydroxyl group to engineer the electrochemical microenvironment and enhance alkaline hydrogen evolution activity. Taking a hydroxyl group immobilized Ni/Ni3C heterostructure as a prototype, we reveal that the local hydrogen bond induced by the surface hydroxyl group drags 4‐coordinated hydrogen‐bonded H2O molecules across the IHP to become free H2O and thus continuously supply reactants forcatalytic sites catalytic sites. In addition, the hydroxyl group coupled with the Ni/Ni3C heterostructure further lowers the water dissociation energy by polarization effects. As a direct outcome, hydroxyl‐rich catalysts surpass Pt/C activity at high current density (500 mA cm−2@ ≈276 mV) in alkaline medium.
Enhanced Dihydrogen Activation by Mononuclear Iridium(II) Compounds: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Hidalgo Nereida , Moreno Juan José , García‐Rubio Inés , Campos Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe organometallic chemistry of 4d and 5d transition metals has been vastly dominated by closed‐shell states. The reactivity of their metalloradical species is though remarkable, albeit yet poorly understood and with limited mechanistic investigations available. In this work we report the synthesis and characterization of two mononuclear IrIIspecies, including the first dinitrogen adduct. These compounds activate dihydrogen at a dissimilar rate, in the latter case several orders of magnitude faster than its IrIprecursor. A combined experimental/computational investigation to ascertain the mechanism of this transformation in IrIIcompounds is reported.
Versatile Synthesis of Multivalent Porphyrin–Peptide Conjugates by Direct Porphyrin Construction on Resin
Authors: Wu Yue , Chau Ho‐Fai , Yeung Yik‐Hoi , Thor Waygen , Kai Hei‐Yui , Chan Wai‐Lun , Wong Ka‐Leung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultifunctional porphyrin–peptide conjugates with different propensities for self‐assembly into various supramolecular nanoarchitectures play important roles in advanced materials and biomedical research. However, preparing prefunctionalized core porphyrins by traditional low‐yielding statistical synthesis and purifying them after peptide ligation through many rounds of HPLC purification is tedious and unsustainable. Herein, we report a novel integrated solid‐phase synthetic protocol for the construction of porphyrin moieties from simple aldehydes and dipyrromethanes on resin‐bound peptides directly to form mono‐, cis/trans‐di‐, and trivalent porphyrin–peptide conjugates in a highly efficient and controllable manner; moreover, only single final‐stage HPLC purification of the products is needed. This efficient strategy enables the rapid, greener, and substrate‐controlled diversity‐oriented synthesis of multivalent porphyrin–(long) peptide conjugate libraries for multifarious biological and materials applications.
para‐Selective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Benzamide Derivatives via Iminium Intermediates
Authors: Tang Zhanyong , Mo Ke , Ma Xiaoqiang , Huang Jialin , Zhao Depeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe direct C−H trifluoromethylation of arenes via a radical pathway has attracted considerable attention recently. However, a major challenge of C−H trifluoromethylation is the lack of site‐selectivity on the phenyl ring especially para‐selectivity. Herein we show a new strategy for para‐selective C−H trifluoromethylation of benzamide derivatives using iminium activation. The reaction undergoes a radical‐type nucleophilic substitution instead of a radical‐type electrophilic substitution owing to iminium activation as a result of lowering the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). A wide range of substrates are compatible with this method giving almost exclusive para‐trifluoromethylated products.