bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of prognostic nutritional index and systemic immune‐inflammation index in patients after curative breast cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Tai , Zhang Si-Ming , Wu He-Ming , Wen Xiao-Min , Qiu Dong-Qin , Yang Yu-Yang , Wang Li-Zhen , Zhu Wen-Biao , He Li-Shan , Li Jian-Juan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Nutritional status and inflammation are closely associated with poor outcome in malignant tumors. However, the prognostic impact of postoperative in these variables on breast cancer (BC) remains inconclusive. We aimed to determine whether prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) affect two long-term outcomes among patients after curative resection of BC.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 508 patients with BC treated with curative surgery between February 5, 2013 and May 26, 2020. All patients were divided into 3 groups based on tertiles (T1-T3) of PNI, SII, NLR, and PLR. The effects of four indexes on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) have been evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Compared with PNI-lowest cases, patients with highest PNI showed significantly longer DFS (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37, 95% confident interval [CI] 0.19–0.70, P for trend = 0.002), whereas higher PLR seemed to be marginally associated with poorer DFS (P for trend = 0.086 and 0.074, respectively). Subgroup analyses indicate the potential modification effects of family history of BC and radiotherapy on the prognosis value of PNI to DFS in BC patients (P for interaction = 0.004 and 0.025, respectively). In addition, the levels of three inflammatory indices, namely SII, NLR, and PLR might be positively related with increased age at diagnosis (all P for trend < 0.001).

Conclusions
A high PNI was associated with better DFS, supporting its roles as prognostic parameters for patients with BC. The nutritional status and systemic immune may exert great effects on patient prognosis. Further studies are warrant to explore the prognosis value of PLR.
Outcomes and predictors of functioning, mental health, and health-related quality of life in adults born with very low birth weight: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wollum Arnt Erik Karlsen , Berdal Elias Kjølseth , Iversen Johanne Marie , Indredavik Marit S. , Evensen Kari Anne I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundVery low birth weight (VLBW: ≤1500 g) is associated with multiple short and long-term complications. This study aimed to examine outcomes and predictors of functioning, mental health, and health-related quality of life in adults born with VLBW.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal cohort study, 67 VLBW and 102 control participants were assessed using the Adult Self-Report of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment and Global Assessment of Functioning at 26 years, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Form-36 at 28 years of age. Associations between perinatal and childhood predictors and adult functioning were assessed using linear regression.ResultsCompared with controls, the VLBW group had lower mean raw scores on the Function and Symptom subscales of the Global Assessment of Functioning at 26 years, a higher sum score of symptoms of anxiety and depression due to more depressive symptoms, and poorer mental health-related quality of life at 28 years. The mean group differences ranged from 0.42 to 0.99 SD. Within the VLBW group, lower birth weight and gestational age, a higher number of days with respiratory support and poorer motor function at 14 years were associated with a higher sum score of symptoms of anxiety and depression at 28 years. Days with respiratory support and motor function at 14 years were also predictive of Global Assessment of Functioning scores at 26 years, and mental health-related quality of life at 28 years. Poorer motor and cognitive function at five years were associated with poorer physical health-related quality of life at 28 years. Parental socioeconomic status was related to mental and physical health-related quality of life.ConclusionIn this study, VLBW adults reported poorer functioning and mental health-related quality of life, and more depressive symptoms than their term born peers. Days with respiratory support and adolescent motor function predicted most of the adult outcomes. This study explicates perinatal and developmental markers during childhood and adolescence which can be target points for interventions.
Shared component modelling of early childhood anaemia and malaria in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Roberts Danielle J. , Zewotir Temesgen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Malaria and anaemia contribute substantially to child morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to jointly model the residual spatial variation in the likelihood of these two correlated diseases, while controlling for individual-level, household-level and environmental characteristics.

Methods
A child-level shared component model was utilised to partition shared and disease-specific district-level spatial effects.

Results
The results indicated that the spatial variation in the likelihood of malaria was more prominent compared to that of anaemia, for both the shared and specific spatial components. In addition, approximately 30% of the districts were associated with an increased likelihood of anaemia but a decreased likelihood of malaria. This suggests that there are other drivers of anaemia in children in these districts, which warrants further investigation.

Conclusions
The maps of the shared and disease-specific spatial patterns provide a tool to allow for more targeted action in malaria and anaemia control and prevention, as well as for the targeted allocation of limited district health system resources.
Neonatal Lupus presenting with neonatal hemochromatosis-like liver disease that responded to steroids: a case report
Authors: Khayat Ammar Abdulaziz , Alkhaldi Amani Jaboor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Neonatal lupus erythematosus is a rare multisystem autoimmune disorder that predominantly involves the heart with congenital heart block but can involve other organs including the liver. The disease results from passage of maternal autoantibodies to the fetus and manifests in various forms depending on the organ involved. Neonatal lupus liver disease manifestations range from benign elevation in aminotransferases to fatal hepatic insufficiency with iron deposition that does not respond to therapy. Only a handful of cases have been reported to date. The antibodies implicated are Sjogren Syndrome types A and B antibodies. Other non-specific autoantibodies can be positive as well such as antinuclear antibodies. Smooth muscle antibodies are classically considered specific to autoimmune hepatitis, and while they have been described in other chronic liver diseases, they have not been described in neonatal lupus liver disease. Herein we report a rare case of neonatal cholestasis due to neonatal lupus liver disease that presented with a positive smooth muscle antibodies in addition to a biochemical picture of neonatal hemochromatosis, with a remarkably elevated ferritin, that responded well to steroid therapy.

Case presentation
An 8-day old full-term baby girl was referred to our center for evaluation of neonatal bradycardia and generalized jaundice that started in the first day of life. Prenatal history was significant for fetal bradycardia. Examination was unremarkable except for bradycardia and generalized jaundice. Laboratory findings included elevated alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, and total and direct bilirubin. Her ferritin was markedly elevated along with triglycerides. Sjogren syndrome antibodies were positive in addition to antinuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. The diagnosis of cardiac neonatal lupus was given, and her liver disease was attributed to lupus despite the biochemical picture of neonatal hemochromatosis. She was started on oral prednisolone for which her liver function parameters showed a dramatic response and continued to be within the normal limits several weeks after discontinuation of steroids.

Conclusion
Neonatal lupus liver disease is a rare cause of neonatal cholestasis that can rarely present with neonatal hemochromatosis picture which unlike other causes of neonatal hemochromatosis can be reversed with steroid therapy.
Anxiety and depression in the post-pandemic era: concerns about viral mutation and re-outbreak
Authors: Li Zedong , Li Jin , Li Yamin , Tian Feng , Huang Jin , Wang Zhihong , Wang Mingming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The 2020 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has been raging for more than 20 months, putting significant strain on public health systems around the world. Despite the fact that the pandemic has been effectively managed in certain countries, regional outbreaks and viral mutations continue to pose a threat to people's lives. The likelihood of post-pandemic changes in people's psychological situations warrants more investigation.

Design and participants
This study was conducted in the context of another outbreak in Zhangjiajie, China, respondents (infected patients, healthy population) were required to complete self-administered questions and standardized questionnaires, including the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ).

Measures
We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey of infected patients (excluding critically ill patients) in the confirmed COVID-19 ward of Zhangjiajie City People's Hospital's East Hospital from August 14 to 24, 2021, and used convenience sampling to survey medical staff and the general public to assess the psychological reactions of different populations during the delta variant outbreak pandemic. Differences in anxiety and depression severity were compared between groups, with logistic regression models constructed to explore potential factors associated with scoring clinical significant levels of depression and/or anxiety.

Results
There is no significant difference (p value = 0.228) between anxiety and depression in patients (n = 53), general public (n = 97), medical personnel (n = 103), and support workers (n = 65). Females reported higher scores on the GAD-7 and the BIPQ, reduced communication with family and friends appeared to be a risk factor for clinically significant anxiety and depression.

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in anxiety and depression across populations explored in this study, but females had higher anxiety and illness perception than males, and effective communication may help improve mental health.
Understanding the rural–urban disparity in acute respiratory infection symptoms among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multivariate decomposition analysis
Authors: Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Worku Misganaw Gebrie , Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Yeshaw Yigizie , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) account for more than 6% of the worldwide disease burden in children under the age of five, with the majority occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rural children are more vulnerable to and disproportionately affected by ARIs. As a result, we examined the rural–urban disparity in the prevalence of ARI symptoms and associated factors among children under the age of five in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
We used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 36 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study included 199,130 weighted samples in total. To identify variables associated with ARIs symptoms, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI was used to determine the statistical significance and strength of the association. To explain the rural–urban disparity in ARI prevalence, a logit-based multivariate decomposition analysis was used.

Results
Being female, ever breastfeeding, belonging to a poorer, better wealth status, and having better maternal educational status were significantly associated with lower odds of ARIs among under-five children. Whereas, small size or large size at birth, not taking vitamin A supplementation, being severely underweight, having diarrhea, didn’t have media exposure, never had the vaccination, being aged 36–47 months, and being aged 48–59 months were significantly associated with higher odds of ARIs among under-five children. The multivariate decomposition analysis revealed that the difference in characteristics (endowment) across residences explained 64.7% of the overall rural–urban difference in the prevalence of ARIs, while the difference in the effect of characteristics (change in coefficient) explained 35.3%.

Conclusion
This study found that rural children were highly affected by ARIs in SSA. To reduce the excess ARIs in rural children, public health interventions aimed at impoverished households, home births, and unvaccinated and malnourished children are crucial.
The efficacy and safety of uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery on the treatment for stage II-III tuberculous empyema: a single-arm clinical retrospective study from 2016 to 2021 in a thoracic surgery center in China
Authors: Sun Wenwen , Yin Guidong , Cai Haomin , Zhou Yiming , Gu Jin , Chen Shanhao , Fan Lin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgery is an important adjuvant treatment for tuberculous empyema(TE). We thus conducted a single arm-clinical retrospective study of stage II-III TE patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (Uni-VATS) over a 5-year period to evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgery on TE, so as to provide the evidence for the optimal clinical strategies.

Methods
Patients diagnosed as TE with withdrawal of anti-tuberculosis-VATS were retrospectively enrolled from January 2016 to December 2021. All patients were followed up untill 12 months after withdrawal of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). Clinical characteristics and surgical details were observed and analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the minimally invasive surgery.

Results
Totally 439 cases met included criteria were enrolled, no deaths were reported. The mean operative time was 2.6 (1.9, 4.3) hours and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 356 (240, 940) ml. Blood transfusion was performed in 20.50% (90/439) of patients and additional pneumonectomy was occurred in 9.89%(37/439)of patients .The mean postoperative drainage time was 12 (7, 49) days and the mean hospital stay was 6 (4,12) days. All stage II TE achieved complete lung re-expansion after surgery while 84.22%(315/374) of stage III achieved complete lung re-expansion, p 0.00. 15.78% (59/374) of stage III TE achieved incomplete re-expansion, 4 of which underwent a second decortication by Uni-VATS. Recurrences rate was 2.96% (13/439), including 11 cases of early recurrence and 2 cases of late recurrence at TE stage III, 5 of which underwent a second decortication by Uni-VATS.

Conclusion
Uni-VATS is highly effective safe and minimally invasive for patients with TE, which could be recommended as the mainstream operation in areas with high TB burden.
Circulating endocannabinoid levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a case–control study
Authors: Bazyar Hadi , Nasiri Khadijeh , Ghanbari Parisa , Mohammadi Elahe , Yagin Neda Lotfi , Khazdouz Maryam , Aghamohammadi Vahideh , Asgarzadeh Shafagh Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of the Endocannabinoids (ECs) in insulin resistance, and their association with visceral obesity and metabolic profile have been studied extensively. Since the association between ECs and metabolic factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are not clear, we aimed to evaluate the levels of N-Arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and their association with C-reactive protein (CRP), glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices in pregnant women with GDM.

Methods
The present case–control study was conducted among 96 singleton pregnant women aged 18–40 years, including 48 healthy pregnant women (control group) and 48 women with a positive diagnosis of GDM (case group). Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for GDM were checked according to endocannabinoids and anthropometric indices using Multivariable Logistic Regression.

Results
AEA was significantly associated with increased risk of GDM in models 1, 2 and 3 (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.41; OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.19–1.97; OR = 1.46, 95% CI:1.11–1.91). A positive but no significant association was found for AEA in model 4 (OR = 1.38,95% CI: 0.99–1.92). Similar to AEA, 2-AG was also positively associated with the likelihood of GDM in Models 1, 2, and 3 but the association attenuated to null in model 4 (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.94- 1.65).

Conclusions
Our findings showed that levels of ECs were significantly higher in pregnant women with GDM compared to healthy ones. Also, ECs levels were associated with the likelihood of GDM, independent of BMI and weight gain.
A comparison of four quasi-experimental methods: an analysis of the introduction of activity-based funding in Ireland
Authors: Valentelyte Gintare , Keegan Conor , Sorensen Jan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Health services research often relies on quasi-experimental study designs in the estimation of treatment effects of a policy change or an intervention. The aim of this study is to compare some of the commonly used non-experimental methods in estimating intervention effects, and to highlight their relative strengths and weaknesses. We estimate the effects of Activity-Based Funding, a hospital financing reform of Irish public hospitals, introduced in 2016.

Methods
We estimate and compare four analytical methods: Interrupted time series analysis, Difference-in-Differences, Propensity Score Matching Difference-in-Differences and the Synthetic Control method. Specifically, we focus on the comparison between the control-treatment methods and the non-control-treatment approach, interrupted time series analysis. Our empirical example evaluated the length of stay impact post hip replacement surgery, following the introduction of Activity-Based Funding in Ireland. We also contribute to the very limited research reporting the impacts of Activity-Based-Funding within the Irish context.

Results
Interrupted time-series analysis produced statistically significant results different in interpretation, while the Difference-in-Differences, Propensity Score Matching Difference-in-Differences and Synthetic Control methods incorporating control groups, suggested no statistically significant intervention effect, on patient length of stay.

Conclusion
Our analysis confirms that different analytical methods for estimating intervention effects provide different assessments of the intervention effects. It is crucial that researchers employ appropriate designs which incorporate a counterfactual framework. Such methods tend to be more robust and provide a stronger basis for evidence-based policy-making.
Dental diaspora: oral health care attitudes and experiences in culturally and linguistically diverse mothers in Australia
Authors: Marcus Kanchan , Balasubramanian Madhan , Short Stephanie D , Sohn Woosung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally oral health care is unequally accessible or utilised within culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant communities. Yet much remains unknown about CALD mothers and their oral healthcare experiences in Australia. Hence, this paper explores the oral health care attitudes and experiences of CALD mothers within the Australian context with the broader objective to reduce oral health inequalities.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted from a social constructivism paradigm. Participants were foreign country born, spoke language/s other than English and have a child. Purposive snowball sampling and recruitment was conducted through CALD organisations and social media. Participants were interviewed for their attitudes and experiences to dental care and frequency of utilisation in Australia and the home country. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and grounded analysis (Strauss and Corbin) performed. Researcher bias was reduced through reflexivity and triangulation.

Results
The participants (n = 33) included 20 CALD mothers born in India and 13 from either China, Fiji, Nepal, Macedonia and Israel. The theme, experiences with health workforce personnel revealed positive attitudes toward CALD providers from similar cultural and/or linguistic backgrounds. We coin these CALD providers as the ‘dental diaspora’. The dental diaspora facilitated CALD mothers through culture and/or language factors, alleviating cost barriers and flexibility in appointments. Dental travel to the home country was affirmed, however family visitation was the foremost reason for travel.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that the dental diaspora plays a significant role in promoting oral health care utilisation for first generation CALD mothers in Australia. This paper brings to light the phenomenon of the ‘dental diaspora’ as an essential health workforce that contributes to addressing inequities in oral healthcare utilisation within CALD migrant communities. Universal health coverage in oral health is further affirmed, as aligned to the WHO policy context.
Photoacoustic mediated multifunctional tumor antigen trapping nanoparticles inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer by enhancing tumor immunogenicity
Authors: Zhong Xiaowen , Li Chenyang , Zhao Guangzong , Li Mengmeng , Chen Shuning , Cao Yang , Wang Qi , Sun Jiangchuan , Zhu Shenyin , Chang Shufang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe hypoimmunogenicity of tumors is one of the main bottlenecks of cancer immunotherapy. Enhancing tumor immunogenicity can improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy by increasing antigen exposure and presentation, and establishing an inflammatory microenvironment. Here, a multifunctional antigen trapping nanoparticle with indocyanine green (ICG), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and oxaliplatin (OXA) (PPIAO) has been developed for tumor photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality imaging and therapy. The combination of photothermal/photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy induced tumor antigen exposure and release through immunogenic death of tumor cells. A timely capture and storage of antigens by aluminum hydroxide enabled dendritic cells to recognize and present those antigens spatiotemporally. In an ovarian tumor model, the photoacoustic-mediated PPIAO NPs combination therapy achieved a transition from “cold tumor” to “hot tumor” that promoted more CD8+ T lymphocytes activation in vivo and intratumoral infiltration, and successfully inhibited the growth of primary and metastatic tumors. An in situ tumor vaccine effect was produced from the treated tumor tissue, assisting mice against the recurrence of tumor cells. This study provided a simple and effective personalized tumor vaccine strategy for better treatment of metastatic and recurrent tumors. The developed multifunctional tumor antigen trapping nanoparticles may be a promising nanoplatform for integrating multimodal imaging monitoring, tumor treatment, and tumor vaccine immunotherapy.