bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Klimakrise als Lernanlass
Authors: Dinkelaker Jörg , Stimm Maria 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag loten wir aus, inwiefern sich das Konzept der Lernanlässe dazu eignet, eine empirische Perspektive auf Konstellationen des Lernens Erwachsener im Horizont der Klimakrise zu eröffnen. Ausgehend von einer Kritik der einseitigen Orientierung von Konzepten der „Umweltbildung“ und der „Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung“ an Lernnotwendigkeiten sichten wir Vorschläge zur theoretischen Bestimmung der Prozesse, in denen etwas zum Anlass von Lernen wird. Anhand exemplarischer Beobachtungen plädieren wir dafür, diese Bestimmungen aufzugreifen und um eine empirische Analyse der sozialen Kontexte zu erweitern, in denen die Klimafrage zum Gegenstand des Lernens Erwachsener wird.
Wellbeing and Social Network Characteristics in Rural Communities: Findings from a Cohort in Social Housing in Cornwall, United Kingdom
Authors: Long Emily , Stevens Sebastian , Topciu Raluca , Williams Andrew James , Taylor Timothy James , Morrissey Karyn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mental wellbeing of those living in resource poor and rural localities is a public health priority. Despite evidence of a link between social networks and mental wellbeing, little is known about this relationship in the context of rural and resource poor environments. The current study uses novel social network methodology to investigate the extent to which social network size and composition is related to mental wellbeing in a social housing community in rural England. Data come from 88 individuals living in social housing in Cornwall. These participants are part of a larger study of 329 social housing households surveyed in 2017 and 2018. Mental wellbeing was measured by the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). A series of multivariable linear regression models were used to test associations between social network characteristics and mental wellbeing. Social network size was significantly associated with the SWEMWBS (b = 0.39, p < 0.01), such that individuals with larger networks reported better mental wellbeing, but after controlling for community social cohesion, this effect dissipated. Neither gender composition or talking with network members about health and wellbeing were significantly associated with the SWEMWBS. Findings suggest that both the quantity of social connections and perceptions of community cohesion are moderately associated with mental wellbeing in rural and resource poor localities. As such, efforts to improve mental wellbeing would benefit from targeting multiple aspects of social relationships, rather than focusing solely on increasing the size of individuals’ social networks.
Telemedicine for Patient Management in Remote Areas and Underserved Populations
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Niloofar , Rezayi Sorayya , Saeedi Soheila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccess to care services in remote areas is challenging. The use of telemedicine technology in these areas facilitates access to health care. This study aimed to summarize the current research on telemedicine in remote areas such as mountains and forests. A systematic search was conducted in databases including Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and ISI Web of Science to identify relevant studies published until May 12, 2021. Screening of retrieved articles for selection and inclusion in the study was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A total of 807 articles were identified after removing duplicates, from which 20 studies meeting our inclusion criteria were selected. Challenges, opportunities, and equipment required to use telemedicine in remote areas were extracted from the selected studies. The results revealed that telemedicine implementation in remote areas had many challenges, including harsh weather conditions, Internet connectivity problems, difficult equipment transportation, and ethical issues. Telemedicine also has many benefits, such as cost and time savings for patients, improving patients’ quality of life, and improving patient satisfaction. Telemedicine for inhabitants of forested and mountainous areas facilitates rapid access to health care and enhances patient satisfaction. Distinguishing advantages and barriers as well as reducing restrictions will have an essential role in accelerating the use of this technology.
Fluid–structure interactions of energy-harvesting membrane hydrofoils
Authors: Mathai Varghese , Tzezana Gali Alon , Das Asimanshu , Breuer Kenneth S. 
Published: May 2022

We study the kinematics, dynamics and flow fields generated by an oscillating, compliant membrane hydrofoil extracting energy from a uniform water stream at a chord-based Reynolds number

$Re \approx 3 \times 10^4$

. Hydrodynamic forces during the foil's motion cause the membrane to dynamically morph its shape, effectively increasing the camber during the oscillation cycle. The membrane's deflection is modelled using the Young–Laplace equation, with pressure term approximated from thin-airfoil theory. Simultaneous tracking of the membrane deformation and the surrounding flow field using laser profiling and particle image velocimetry, respectively, reveals the role of dynamic cambering in stabilizing the leading-edge vortices on the membrane. In this regime of operation, we obtain up to 160 % higher power extraction when compared to a rigid, symmetric hydrofoil. The present work provides a demonstration of how passive compliance of soft materials interacting with fluids may be exploited in tidal and fluvial energy extraction.
A sensitive search for water masers associated with star formation regions in the Local Group Galaxy NGC 6822
Authors: Flanagan C. J. P. , Ellingsen S. P. , Cole A. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report the results of a sensitive search for water maser emission in the Local Group Galaxy NGC 6822 with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. The observations provide tentative single-epoch detections of four candidates, associated with two infrared-bright star formation regions (Hubble I/III and Hubble IV). The candidate maser detections are all offset from the velocity range where strong emission from Hi neutral gas is observed towards NGC 6822, with the closest offset by

$\sim\!40\, \mathrm{kms}^{-1}$

. Our observations include the location of NL1K, a previous tentative water maser detection in NGC 6822. We do not detect any emission from this location with a sensitivity limit approximately a factor of 5 better than the original Sardina Radio Telescope observations.
ON THE DIVISIBILITY AMONG POWER LCM MATRICES ON GCD-CLOSED SETS
Authors: ZHU GUANGYAN , LI MAO 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLet
$a,b$
and n be positive integers and let
$S=\{x_1, \ldots , x_n\}$
be a set of n distinct positive integers. For
${x\in S}$
, define
$G_{S}(x)=\{d\in S: d<x, \,d\mid x \ \mathrm {and} \ (d\mid y\mid x, y\in S)\Rightarrow y\in \{d,x\}\}$
. Denote by
$[S^a]$
the
$n\times n$
matrix having the ath power of the least common multiple of
$x_i$
and
$x_j$
as its
$(i,j)$
-entry. We show that the bth power matrix
$[S^b]$
is divisible by the ath power matrix
$[S^a]$
if
$a\mid b$
and S is gcd closed (that is,
$\gcd (x_i, x_j)\in S$
for all integers i and j with
$1\le i, j\le n$
) and
$\max _{x\in S} \{|G_S (x)|\}=1$
. This confirms a conjecture of Shaofang Hong [‘Divisibility properties of power GCD matrices and power LCM matrices’, Linear Algebra Appl.428 (2008), 1001–1008].
Development and the art of nutritional maintenance
Authors: Gardner David S. , Gray Clint 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopment from early conceptus to a complex, multi-cellular organism is a highly ordered process that is dependent on an adequate supply of nutrients. During this process, the pattern of organ growth is robust, driven by a genetic blueprint and matched to anticipated body mass with high precision and with built-in physiological reserve capacity. This apparent canalisation of the developmental process is particularly sensitive to variation in environmental stimuli, such as inappropriate drug or hormone exposure, or pattern of nutrient delivery. Significant variation in any of these factors can profoundly affect fetal and neonatal growth patterns, with later detriment for physiological function and/or reserve capacity of the resultant adult, with potential health impact. This paradigm shift in science has become known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Over the last 30 years, many animal and clinical studies have vastly expanded our fundamental knowledge of developmental biology, particularly in the context of later effects on health. In this horizons article, we discuss DOHaD through the lens of nutritional quality (e.g. micronutrient, amino acid, NSP intake). The concept of ‘Quality’ was considered undefinable by Robert Persig in his book, ‘Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance’. Here, development and the art of nutritional maintenance will define quality in terms of the pattern of nutrient intake, the quality of development and how each interact to influence later health outcomes.
Online harms? Suicide-related online experience: a UK-wide case series study of young people who die by suicide
Authors: Rodway C. , Tham S. G. , Richards N. , Ibrahim S. , Turnbull P. , Kapur N. , Appleby L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined online experience by young people who die by suicide.MethodsA 3-year UK-wide consecutive case series of all young people aged 10–19 who died by suicide, based on national mortality data. We extracted information on the antecedents of suicide of 544 of these 595 deaths (91%) from official investigations, mainly inquests.ResultsSuicide-related online experience was reported in 24% (n = 128/544) of suicide deaths in young people between 2014 and 2016, equivalent to 43 deaths per year, and was more common in girls than boys (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.23–2.85, p = 0.003) and those identifying as LGBT (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.10–5.05, p = 0.028). Searching for information about method was most common (n = 68, 13%), followed by posting suicidal ideas online (n = 57, 10%). Self-harm, bereavement (especially by suicide), social isolation, and mental and physical ill-health were more likely in those known to have suicide-related online experience compared to those who did not. 29 (5%) were bullied online, more often girls (OR 2.84, 1.34–6.04, p = 0.007). Online bullying often accompanied face-to-face bullying (n = 16/29, 67%).ConclusionsSuicide-related online experience is a common, but likely underestimated, antecedent to suicide in young people. Although its causal role is unclear, it may influence suicidality in this population. Mental health professionals should be aware that suicide-related online experience – not limited to social media – is a potential risk for young patients, and may be linked to experiences offline. For public health, wider action is required on internet regulation and support for children and their families.
Portraiture, Biography and Public Histories
Authors: Jordanova Ludmilla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPortraits and biographies play a central role in engaging non-specialists with the past, and hence invite careful scrutiny. Major enterprises, such as the National Portrait Gallery in London and the Dictionary of National Biography, in both its original and Oxford versions, provide rich examples for reflecting on public history and on the relationships between types of writing about past times. These issues relate to literature as well as to history, given the prominence of biographies of literary figures, and the role of literary scholars as authors of biographies. Using materials concerning the artist John Collier (1850–1934), the publisher George Smith (1824–1901) and the surgeon James Paget (1814–1899), this article examines the relationships between portraits and biographies and the types of insight they afford. Colin Matthew's innovation of including portraits in the Oxford Dictionary, together with his own scholarship on William Gladstone (1809–1898), including his portraits, provide the basis for suggestions about the role of work when representing lives, including those of historians. Public history can only benefit from research practices being discussed in an accessible manner, as attempted here.
Rainfall Generation Revisited: Introducing CoSMoS‐2s and Advancing Copula‐Based Intermittent Time Series Modeling
Authors: Papalexiou Simon Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhat elements should a parsimonious model reproduce at a single scale to precisely simulate rainfall at many scales? We posit these elements are: (a) the probability of dry and linear correlation structure of the wet/dry sequence as a proxy reproducing the distribution of wet/dry spells, and (b) the marginal distribution of nonzero rainfall and its correlation structure. We build a two‐state rainfall model, the CoSMoS‐2s, that explicitly reproduces these elements and is easily applicable at any timescale. Additionally, the paper: (a) introduces the Generalized Exponential () distribution system comprising six flexible distributions with desired properties to describe nonzero rainfall and facilitate time series generation; (b) extends the CoSMoS framework to allow simulations with negative correlations; (c) simplifies the generation of binary sequences with any correlation structure by analytical approximations; (d) introduces the rank‐based CoSMoS‐2s that preserves Spearman's correlations, has an analytical formulation, and is also applicable for infinite variance time series, (e) introduces the copula‐based CoSMoS‐2s enabling intermittent times series generation with nonzero values having the dependence structure of any desired copula, and (f) offers conceptual generalizations for rainfall modeling and beyond, with specific ideas for future improvements and extensions. The CoSMoS‐2s is tested using four long hourly rainfall records; the simulations reproduce rainfall properties at multiple scales including the wet/dry spells, probability of dry, characteristics of nonzero rainfall, and the behavior of extremes.
Palmitoylated prolactin-releasing peptide treatment had neuroprotective but not anti-obesity effect in fa/fa rats with leptin signaling disturbances
Authors: Mráziková Lucia , Hojná Silvie , Pačesová Andrea , Hrubá Lucie , Strnadová Veronika , Neprašová Barbora , Železná Blanka , Kuneš Jaroslav , Maletínská Lenka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background/Objective
Anorexigenic palmitoylated prolactin-releasing peptide (palm11-PrRP) is able to act centrally after peripheral administration in rat and mouse models of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or neurodegeneration. Functional leptin and intact leptin signaling pathways are necessary for the body weight reducing and glucose tolerance improving effect of palm11-PrRP. We have previously shown that palm11-PrRP31 had glucose-lowering properties but not anti-obesity effect in Koletsky rats with leptin signaling disturbances, so improvements in glucose metabolism appear to be completely independent of leptin signaling. The purpose of this study was to describe relationship between metabolic and neurodegenerative pathologies and explore if palm11-PrRP31 could ameliorate them in obese fa/fa rat model with leptin signaling disruption.

Subject/Methods
The fa/fa rats and their age-matched lean controls at the age 32 weeks were used for this study. The rats were infused for 2 months with saline or palm11-PrRP31 (n = 7–8 per group) at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day using Alzet osmotic pumps. During the dosing period food intake and body weight were monitored. At the end of experiment the oral glucose tolerance test was performed; plasma and tissue samples were collected and arterial blood pressure was measured. Then, markers of leptin and insulin signaling, Tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and synaptogenesis were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Fa/fa rats developed obesity, mild glucose intolerance, and peripheral insulin resistance but not hypertension while palm11-PrRP31 treatment neither lowered body weight nor attenuated glucose tolerance but ameliorated leptin and insulin signaling and synaptogenesis in hippocampus.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that palm11-PrRP31 had neuroprotective features without anti-obesity and glucose lowering effects in fa/fa rats. This data suggest that this analog has the potential to exert neuroprotective effect despite of leptin signaling disturbances in this rat model.
Estradiol-mediated inhibition of DNMT1 decreases p53 expression to induce M2-macrophage polarization in lung cancer progression
Authors: Chen Yung-Ching , Young Ming-Jer , Chang Hui-Ping , Liu Chia-Yu , Lee Chia-Chi , Tseng Yau-Lin , Wang Yi-Ching , Chang Wen-Chang , Hung Jan-Jong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that estrogen positively regulates lung cancer progression. Understanding the reasons will be beneficial for treating women with lung cancer in the future. In this study, we found that tumor formation was more significant in female EGFRL858R mice than in male mice. P53 expression levels were downregulated in the estradiol (E2)-treated lung cancer cells, female mice with EGFRL858R-induced lung cancer mice, and premenopausal women with lung cancer. E2 increased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression to enhance methylation in the TP53 promoter, which led to the downregulation of p53. Overexpression of GFP-p53 decreased DNMT1 expression in lung cancer cells. TP53 knockout in mice with EGFRL858R-induced lung cancer not only changed gene expression in cancer cells but also increased the polarization of M2 macrophages by increasing C–C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression and decreasing growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) expression. The TP53 mutation rate was increased in females with late-stage but not early-stage lung cancer compared to males with lung cancer. In conclusion, E2-induced DNMT1 and p53 expression were negatively regulated each other in females with lung cancer, which not only affected cancer cells but also modulated the tumor-associated microenvironment, ultimately leading to a poor prognosis.
Reversing insufficient photothermal therapy-induced tumor relapse and metastasis by regulating cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Li Xin , Yong Tuying , Wei Zhaohan , Bie Nana , Zhang Xiaoqiong , Zhan Guiting , Li Jianye , Qin Jiaqi , Yu Jingjing , Zhang Bixiang , Gan Lu , Yang Xiangliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInsufficient tumor accumulation and distribution of photosensitizers as well as low antitumor immunity severely restrict the therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and immune evasion. Reshaping tumor microenvironment via CAF regulation might provide a potential approach for complete tumor elimination in combination with PTT. Here, tumor cell-derived microparticles co-delivering calcipotriol and Indocyanine green (Cal/ICG@MPs) are developed to modulate CAFs for improved PTT efficacy. Cal/ICG@MPs efficiently target tumor tissues and regulate CAFs to reduce tumor ECM, resulting in enhanced tumor accumulation and penetration of ICG to generate strong PTT efficacy and activate CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. In addition, Cal/ICG@MPs-triggered CAF regulation enhances tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and ameliorates CAF-induced antigen-mediated activation-induced cell death of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in response to PTT, eliciting long-term antitumor immune memory to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis. Our results support Cal/ICG@MPs as a promising drug to improve PTT efficacy in cancer treatment.
Elimination of human rabies in Goa, India through an integrated One Health approach
Authors: Gibson A. D. , Yale G. , Corfmat J. , Appupillai M. , Gigante C. M. , Lopes M. , Betodkar U. , Costa N. C. , Fernandes K. A. , Mathapati P. , Suryawanshi P. M. , Otter N. , Thomas G. , Ohal P. , Airikkala-Otter I. , Lohr F. , Rupprecht C. E. , King A. , Sutton D. , Deuzeman I. , Li Y. , Wallace R. M. , Mani R. S. , Gongal G. , Handel I. G. , Bronsvoort M. , Naik V. , Desai S. , Mazeri S. , Gamble L. , Mellanby R. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDog-mediated rabies kills tens of thousands of people each year in India, representing one third of the estimated global rabies burden. Whilst the World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have set a target for global dog-mediated human rabies elimination by 2030, examples of large-scale dog vaccination programs demonstrating elimination remain limited in Africa and Asia. We describe the development of a data-driven rabies elimination program from 2013 to 2019 in Goa State, India, culminating in human rabies elimination and a 92% reduction in monthly canine rabies cases. Smartphone technology enabled systematic spatial direction of remote teams to vaccinate over 95,000 dogs at 70% vaccination coverage, and rabies education teams to reach 150,000 children annually. An estimated 2249 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were averted over the program period at 526 USD per DALY, making the intervention ‘very cost-effective’ by WHO definitions. This One Health program demonstrates that human rabies elimination is achievable at the state level in India.
Noninvasive urinary protein signatures associated with colorectal cancer diagnosis and metastasis
Authors: Sun Yulin , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Lijun , Jing Zongpan , Cai Meng , Zheng Zhaoxu , Shao Chen , Zhang Yefan , Sun Haidan , Wang Li , Wang Minjie , Li Jun , Tian Lusong , Han Yue , Zou Shuangmei , Gao Jiajia , Zhao Yan , Nan Peng , Xie Xiufeng , Liu Fang , Zhou Lanping , Sun Wei , Zhao Xiaohang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrently, imaging, fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tests are not adequate for the early detection and evaluation of metastasis and recurrence in colorectal cancer (CRC). To comprehensively identify and validate more accurate noninvasive biomarkers in urine, we implement a staged discovery-verification-validation pipeline in 657 urine and 993 tissue samples from healthy controls and CRC patients with a distinct metastatic risk. The generated diagnostic signature combined with the FIT test reveals a significantly increased sensitivity (+21.2% in the training set, +43.7% in the validation set) compared to FIT alone. Moreover, the generated metastatic signature for risk stratification correctly predicts over 50% of CEA-negative metastatic patients. The tissue validation shows that elevated urinary protein biomarkers reflect their alterations in tissue. Here, we show promising urinary protein signatures and provide potential interventional targets to reliably detect CRC, although further multi-center external validation is needed to generalize the findings.