bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadratic mixed convective nanofluid flow past a moving yawed cylinder in the presence of thermal radiation and diffusive liquids
Authors: Patil Prabhugouda M. , Shankar Hadapad F. , Sheremet Mikhail A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fluid flow around a yawed cylinder helps to understand the practical implications for undersea applications, such as managing transference, separating the boundary layer above submerged blocks, and suppressing recirculating bubbles. As many authors such as Roy, Chiu and Lienhard, Roy and Saikrishnan, and Revathi et al. have analyzed a boundary layer flow over a yawed cylinder, and their work sticks to only forced convection, we are interested to work on mixed convection flow. Therefore, the work of these researchers has stimulated us to work on the present article. As a result, we have examined the work on triple diffusion quadratic mixed convective nanofluid flow over a moving yawed cylinder. The impact of yaw angle, which exists due to the inclination of a vertically moving cylinder away from the origin, is mathematically investigated in the present paper by converting the governing equations into a compatible form using appropriate nonsimilar transformations and the quasilinearization technique. Nanofluids have crucial usages in science and technology, marine engineering, and applications in industries such as plastic, polymer industries, cancer home therapy, and building sciences. Many processes in new engineering areas occur at high temperatures, and knowledge of radiation heat transfer becomes very important for designing the pertinent equipment. Nuclear power plants, gas turbines, and the various propulsion devices for aircraft, missiles, satellites, and space vehicles are examples of such engineering areas. The finite difference approximation is employed to solve the resulting equations. Enhancing the magnitude of thermal radiation enhances the temperature of the liquid and the energy transport strength. However, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen species concentration patterns are reduced in nanofluid compared to traditional liquids. At the same time, the outcomes behave conversely in the case of their wall gradients. Furthermore, the temperature of the liquid enhances the enhancing values of Brownian motion and thermophoresis characteristics. Moreover, nanoparticle mass transport augments with enhancing yaw angle and Lewis number values. Both species' concentration profiles decrease for increasing values of yaw angle. The velocity profiles increase for increasing values of velocity ratio parameter in the spanwise and chordwise directions.
Evaluating educational performance and achievements of faculty in general medicine departments of Japanese universities
Authors: Tago Masaki , Shikino Kiyoshi , Watari Takashi , Hirata Risa , Yamashita Shun , Tokushima Yoshinori , Tokushima Midori , Katsuki Naoko E. , Fujiwara Motoshi , Yamashita Shu‐ichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study was conducted to examine whether the educational performance and achievements are appropriately recognized and contribute to their promotion in university hospitals. We found that the chairpersons of those general medicine departments believed that educational performance had not been appropriately evaluated; educational achievements did not receive sufficient consideration for promotion compared with the performance and achievements related to clinical and research activities.
Death among patients hospitalized with symptomatic COVID‐19: Implications for high‐risk patients
Authors: Stefan Mihaela S. , Eltanbedawi Ahmed , Devoe Neil C. , Khan Sabiha , Zhou Ya , Latef Taroob , Esposito Anthony , Fatima Anum , Knee Alexander B. , Lagu Tara C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to examine the role played by the COVID‐19 infection in patients' death and to determine the proportion of patients for whom it was a major contributor to death.MethodsWe included patients ≥50 years old who were hospitalized with COVID‐19 infection and died between March 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020 in a tertiary medical center. We considered COVID‐19 infection to be a major cause for death if the patient had well‐controlled medical conditions and death was improbable without coronavirus infection, and a minor cause for death if the patient had serious illnesses and had an indication for palliative care.ResultsAmong 243 patients, median age was 80 (interquartile intervals: 72–86) and 40% were female. One in two had moderate or severe frailty and 41% had dementia. Nearly 60% of the patients were classified as having advanced, serious illnesses present prior to the hospitalization, with death being expected within 12 months, and among this group 39% were full code at admission. In the remaining 40% of patients, deaths were classified as unexpected based on patients' prior conditions, suggesting that COVID‐19 infection complications were the primary contributor to death.ConclusionsFor slightly less than half (40%) of patients who died of complications of COVID‐19, death was an unexpected event. Among the 60% of patients for whom death was not a surprise, our findings identify opportunities to improve end‐of‐life discussions and implement shared decision‐making in high‐risk patients early on or prior to hospitalization.
Child Opportunity Index 2.0 and acute care utilization among children with medical complexity
Authors: Fritz Cristin Q. , Hall Matt , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Beck Andrew F. , Krager Molly K. , Freundlich Katherine L. , Ibrahim Dena , Thomson Joanna E. , Gay James C. , Carroll Alison R. , Neeley Maya , Frost Patricia A. , Herndon Alison C. , Kehring Allysa L. , Williams Derek J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisproportionately high acute care utilization among children with medical complexity (CMC) is influenced by patient‐level social complexity.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine associations between ZIP code‐level opportunity and acute care utilization among CMC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross‐sectional, multicenter study used the Pediatric Health Information Systems database, identifying encounters between 2016–2019. CMC aged 28 days to <16 years with an initial emergency department (ED) encounter or inpatient/observation admission in 2016 were included in primary analyses.Main Outcome and MeasuresWe assessed associations between the nationally‐normed, multi‐dimensional, ZIP code‐level Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI) (high COI = greater opportunity), and total utilization days (hospital bed‐days + ED discharge encounters). Analyses were conducted using negative binomial generalized estimating equations, adjusting for age and distance from hospital and clustered by hospital. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) days and cost of care.ResultsA total of 23,197 CMC were included in primary analyses. In unadjusted analyses, utilization days decreased in a stepwise fashion from 47.1 (95% confidence interval: 45.5, 48.7) days in the lowest COI quintile to 38.6 (36.9, 40.4) days in the highest quintile (p < .001). The same trend was present across all outcome measures, though was not significant for ICU days. In adjusted analyses, patients from the lowest COI quintile utilized care at 1.22‐times the rate of those from the highest COI quintile (1.17, 1.27).ConclusionsCMC from low opportunity ZIP codes utilize more acute care. They may benefit from hospital and community‐based interventions aimed at equitably improving child health outcomes.
Preoperative Evaluation of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐Enhanced MRI Radiomics‐Based Nomogram in Small Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (≤3 cm) With Microvascular Invasion: A Two‐Center Study
Authors: Tian Yaqi , Hua Hui , Peng Qiqi , Zhang Zaixian , Wang Xiaolin , Han Junqi , Ma Wenjuan , Chen Jingjing 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPreoperative evaluation of microvascular invasion (MVI) in small solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; maximum lesion diameter ≤ 3 cm) is important for treatment decisions.PurposeTo apply gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced MRI to develop and validate a nomogram for preoperative evaluation of MVI in small solitary HCC and to compare the effectiveness of radiomics evaluation models based on different volumes of interest (VOIs).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 196 patients include 62 MVI‐positive and 134 MVI‐negative patients were enrolled (training cohort, n = 105; testing cohort, n = 45; external validation cohort, n = 46).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, fat suppressed fast‐spin‐echo T2‐weighted and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo sequences.AssessmentRadiomics features were extracted on T2‐weighted, arterial phase (AP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images from different VOIs (VOIintratumor and VOIintratumor+peritumor) and filtered by the least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression. From VOIintratumor and VOIintratumor+peritumor, eight radiomics models were constructed based on three MRI sequences (T2‐weighted, AP, and HBP) and fused sequences (combined of three sequences). Nomograms were constructed of a clinical‐radiological (CR) model and a clinical‐radiological‐radiomics (CRR) model.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance, independent t‐test, Chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, LASSO, logistic regression analysis, area under the curve (AUC), nomograms, decision curve, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analyses, and DeLong test.ResultsAmong eight radiomics models, the fused sequences‐based VOIintratumor+peritumor radiomics model showed the best performance. The CRR model containing the best performance radiomics model and CR model with the AUC values were 0.934, 0.889, and 0.875, respectively. NRI and IDI analyses showed that the CRR model improved evaluation efficacy over the CR model for all three cohorts (all P‐value <0.05).Data ConclusionThe CRR model nomogram could preoperatively evaluate MVI in small solitary HCC. The radiomics model based on VOIintratumor+peritumor might achieve better evaluation results.Evidence Level4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Numerical investigation of a new sensor for blood glucose detection using an improved wave concept iterative process method
Authors: Oueslati Afef , Hlali Aymen , Zairi Hassen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlucose monitoring using a noninvasive, rapid and nondestructive devices is becoming a very challenging task in the present time. This paper presents a modeling and an analysis of an electromagnetic sensor for blood glucose level detection, based on the wave concept iterative process (WCIP) method and operating in the terahertz (THZ) frequency range. The theoretical aspects about the WCIP algorithm, the plasma modeling, and integration into this approach were introduced. The effect of the geometrical parameters variation on the sensor's response was investigated and a comparative study of the obtained results with the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulator is presented in the purpose of the verification. The numerical simulation results using the WCIP method show that the proposed sensor is suitable for the blood glucose monitoring since it was able to detect the lowest and the highest blood concentrations (0 mg/dl and 16 000 mg/dl). The sensing parameters: the quality factor (Q‐factor), figure of merits (FOM), and the sensitivity of the device were calculated in order to prove its efficiency. The Q‐factor varied from 2.26 to 3.06, the sensitivity varied from 0.0501 to 0.0192 (THZ/RIU) and the FOM varied from 0.5758 to 0.3147 RIU−1 for 0 mg/dland 16 000 mg/dl respectively.
Calcium signaling in individual APP/PS1 mouse dentate gyrus astrocytes increases ex vivo with Aβ pathology and age without affecting astrocyte network activity
Authors: Huffels Christiaan F. M. , Osborn Lana M. , Cappaert Natalie L. M. , Hol Elly M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAstrocytes are critical for healthy brain function. In Alzheimer’s disease, astrocytes become reactive, which affects their signaling properties. Here, we measured spontaneous calcium transients ex vivo in hippocampal astrocytes in brain slices containing the dentate gyrus of 6‐ (6M) and 9‐month‐old (9M) APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. We investigated the frequency and duration of calcium transients in relation to aging, amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology, and the proximity of the astrocyte to Aβ plaques. The 6M APP/PS1 astrocytes showed no change in spontaneous calcium‐transient properties compared to wild‐type (WT) astrocytes. 9M APP/PS1 astrocytes, however, showed more hyperactivity compared to WT, characterized by increased spontaneous calcium transients that were longer in duration. Our data also revealed an effect of aging, as 9M astrocytes overall showed an increase in calcium activity compared to 6M astrocytes. Subsequent calcium‐wave analysis showed an increase in sequential calcium transients (i.e., calcium waves) in 9M astrocytes, suggesting increased network activity ex vivo. Further analysis using null models revealed that this network effect is caused by chance, due to the increased number of spontaneous transients. Our findings show that alterations in calcium signaling in individual hippocampal astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice are subject to both aging and Aβ pathology but these do not lead to a change in astrocyte network activity. These alterations in calcium dynamics of astrocytes may help to understand changes in neuronal physiology leading to cognitive decline and ultimately dementia.
The kinetics of ammonium uptake and oxidation across the Southern Ocean
Authors: Mdutyana Mhlangabezi , Sun Xin , Burger Jessica M. , Flynn Raquel F. , Smith Shantelle , van Horsten Natasha R. , Roychoudhury Alakendra N. , Planquette Hélène , Bucciarelli Eva , Thomalla Sandy J. , Ward Bess B. , Fawcett Sarah E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCentral to the Southern Ocean's role in setting atmospheric CO2 is the seasonal alternation between upward mixing of nutrients and their subsequent consumption by phytoplankton. Active nutrient cycling within the mixed layer, including the release of ammonium (NH4+) and its removal by phytoplankton and nitrifiers, also affects Southern Ocean CO2 drawdown, yet remains poorly understood. We conducted kinetics experiments across the Southern Ocean south of Africa to investigate the dependence of NH4+ uptake (summer, winter) and oxidation (winter) on NH4+ concentration. NH4+ uptake followed a Michaelis–Menten function in both seasons, with the maximum rate (Vmax) decreasing poleward, apparently controlled mainly by light in winter and temperature in summer. The half‐saturation constant (Km) increased poleward with increasing ambient NH4+ ([NH4+]amb) and was threefold higher in winter (150–405 nM) than in summer (41–115 nM), suggesting that summertime phytoplankton are adapted to low‐NH4+ conditions while winter communities typically receive a higher NH4+ supply. NH4+ oxidation showed a high affinity for NH4+ (Km = 28–137 nM), suggesting a dominant role for ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, and followed a Michaelis–Menten curve only when [NH4+]amb was ≤ 90 nM. Vmax was near‐constant across the region regardless of [NH4+]amb, temperature, or light. From coincident mixed‐layer NH4+ oxidation and iron measurements, we hypothesize that iron availability may (co‐)limit the Vmax of NH4+ oxidation. If verified, this suggestion has implications for models that parameterize nitrification as a linear function of [NH4+]amb. Additionally, iron depletion may limit the role of mixed‐layer nitrification, which is dominant in the winter Southern Ocean, in offsetting phytoplankton CO2 drawdown annually.
Solvent Remodeling in Single‐Chain Amphiphilic Heteropolymer Systems
Authors: Hilburg Shayna L. , Alexander‐Katz Alfredo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work demonstrates the remodeling of single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) upon a transition to organic solvent through molecular dynamics simulations. Methacrylate‐based random heteropolymers (RHPs), assembled via transient noncovalent linkages in water, have shown promise in an assortment of applications that harness their bio‐inspired properties. While their molecular behavior has been broadly characterized in aqueous environments, many newer applications include the use of organic solvent rather than bio‐mimetic conditions. The polymer assemblies, typically driven by the hydrophobic effect in water, are less well understood in nonaqueous solution. Here, a specific RHP system is examined which forms compact globular morphologies in highly polar or highly nonpolar environments while adopting extended conformations in solvents of intermediate polarity. The pivotal role of electrostatic interactions between charge groups in low dielectric mediums is also observed. Finally, high temperature anneal cycles are compared to room temperature transformations to illuminate barriers to remodeling upon environmental changes.
Design of compact dual‐band substrate integrated waveguide filtenna
Authors: Guo Bao‐Cang , Hu Kun‐Zhi , Yan Dong , Pan Shuai‐Yu , Tang Ming‐Chun , Wang Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA compact dual‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filtenna is presented. A dual‐mode SIW cavity, resonating at its fundamental mode TE110 and high‐order mode TE120, which respectively dominate the lower and upper passbands, is employed as the feeding cavity. After that, a slot‐loaded SIW cavity, performing as two half‐mode radiating cavities, is perpendicularly arranged over the feeding cavity for the purpose of expanding the operational bandwidth and also strengthening the filtering response. Furthermore, two metal posts are utilized to independently regulate the coupling strength of magnetoelectric energy of the two passbands, respectively. A prototype of this dual‐band SIW filtenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for validation. The measured results agree well with the simulated values, demonstrating that the maximum realized gains are 4.9 and 5.38 dBi, and the impedance bandwidths are 2.1% (2.792–2.852 GHz) and 4.1% (3.992–4.16 GHz) for lower and upper passbands, respectively.
Texture‐aware dual domain mapping model for low‐dose CT reconstruction
Authors: Wang Huafeng , Zhao Xuemei , Liu Wanquan , Li Lihong C. , Ma Jianhua , Guo Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRemarkable progress has been made for low‐dose computed tomography (CT) reconstruction tasks by applying deep learning techniques. However, establishing an intrinsic link between deep learning techniques and CT texture preservation is still one of the significant challenges for researchers to further improve the effect of low‐dose CT (LDCT) reconstruction.PurposeMost of the existing deep learning‐based LDCT reconstruction methods are derived from popular frameworks, and most models focus on the image domain. Even few existing methods start with dual domains (sinogram and image) by considering the processing of the data itself, the final performances are limited due to the lack of perception of textures. With this in mind, we propose a method for texture perception on dual domains, so that the reconstruction process can be uniformly driven by visual effects.MethodsThe proposed method involves the processing of two domains: the sinogram domain and the image domain. For the sinogram domain, we have designed a novel dilated residual network (S‐DRN) which aims to increase the receptive field to obtain multiscale information. For the image domain, we propose a self‐attention (SA) residual encoder & decoder network (SRED‐Net) as the denoising network for obtaining much acceptable edges and textures. In addition, the composite loss function composed of the feature loss constructed by the proposed boundary and texture feature‐aware network (BTFAN) and the mean square error (MSE) can obtain a higher image quality while retaining more details and fewer artifacts, thereby obtaining better visual image quality.ResultsThe proposed method was validated using both the American association of physicists in medicine (AAPM)‐Mayo clinic LDCT data sets and a real clinic data. Experimental results demonstrated that the new method has achieved the state‐of‐the‐art performance on objective indicators and visual metrics in terms of denoising and texture restoration.ConclusionsCompared with single‐domain or existing dual‐domain processing strategies, the proposed texture‐aware dual domain mapping network (TADDM‐Net) can much better improve the visual effect of reconstructed CT images. Meantime, we also provide much intuitive evidence in terms of model interpretability.
The Internet regulation turn? Policy, Internet and technology
Authors: Stilinovic Milica , Hutchinson Jonathon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring a chaotic time for most in which our virtual world, made possible through the internet and its affordances, Policy & Internet sought the voices of scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and higher degree researchers to rethink our internet, its policy and the surrounding communication technology within our contemporary society. One emerging and overarching theme became apparent as our network of global scholars provided their insights into the academic puzzle and broader societal impact surrounding the future of the internet. That is, an ambiguity. More specifically, ambiguity as the core consideration that acts as a critical and connective glue for which we can approach the research of the internet for the coming three to five years, and a way to connect universal elements which underpin our scholarship all at once.
Evolving Heterotic Gauge Backgrounds: Genetic Algorithms versus Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Abel Steven , Constantin Andrei , Harvey Thomas R. , Lukas Andre 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe immensity of the string landscape and the difficulty of identifying solutions that match the observed features of particle physics have raised serious questions about the predictive power of string theory. Modern methods of optimisation and search can, however, significantly improve the prospects of constructing the standard model in string theory. In this paper we scrutinise a corner of the heterotic string landscape consisting of compactifications on Calabi‐Yau three‐folds with monad bundles and show that genetic algorithms can be successfully used to generate anomaly‐free supersymmetric GUTs with three families of fermions that have the right ingredients to accommodate the standard model. We compare this method with reinforcement learning and find that the two methods have similar efficacy but somewhat complementary characteristics.
Automatic prosthetic‐parameter estimation from anteroposterior pelvic radiographs after total hip arthroplasty using deep learning‐based keypoint detection
Authors: Tseng Tsung‐Wei , Chen Yueh‐Peng , Yeh Yu‐Cheng , Kuo Chang‐Fu , Fan Tzuo‐Yau , Lin Yu‐Chih 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundX‐ray is a necessary tool for post‐total hip arthroplasty (THA) check‐ups; however, parameter measurements are time‐consuming. We proposed a deep learning tool, BKNet that automates localization of landmarks with parameter measurements.MethodsAbout 3072 radiographs from 3021 patients who underwent THA at our institute between 2013 and 2017 were used. We employed BKNet to perform landmark localization with parameter measurements in these radiographs. The performance of BKNet was assessed and compared with that of human observers.ResultsThe 75‐percentile cut‐off errors were <0.5 cm in all key points. The Bland–Altman methods show the agreement between the predicted and ground truth parameters. Human and BKNet comparison revealed the model could match the repeatability for 7/10 of the parameters.ConclusionsThe accuracy of BKNet is equivalent to that of human observers, and BKNet was able to perform prosthetic‐parameter estimation from keypoint detection with superior cost‐effectiveness, repeatability, and timesaving compared to human observers.