bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation‐based prognostic scoring system for predicting the prognosis of advanced small cell lung cancer patients receiving anlotinib monotherapy
Authors: Chen Tian , Tang Mengqiu , Xu Xiaoyu , Liang Gaofeng , Xiang Zhenfei , Lu Yi , Wang Chen , Shen Weiyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the randomized multicenter phase II trial (ALTER1202), anlotinib has been approved as a third‐line therapy for advanced small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC). Some studies showed the predictive function of inflammatory markers, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) in the different cancers treated with anti‐vascular targeting drugs. However, none of the studies showed the roles of NLR, PLR, and LMR in SCLC patients receiving anlotinib. Thus, our objective was to establish a scoring system based on inflammation to individuate patient stratification and selection based on NLR, PLR, and LMR.MethodsNLR, PLR, and LMR and their variations were calculated in 53 advanced SCLC patients receiving anlotinib as a third‐ or further‐line treatment at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were used to identify predictors of survival.ResultsDisease control rate was related to pre‐NLR, pre‐PLR, pre‐LMR, post‐NLR elevation, post‐PLR elevation, and post‐LMR elevation. The multivariate analysis determined post‐NLR elevation, pre‐PLR > 240.56, and pre‐LMR ≤1.61 to be independently associated with progression‐free survival, not overall survival. The inflammation‐based prognostic scoring system demonstrated favorable predictive ability from the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC: 0.791, 95% CI: 0.645–0.938).ConclusionsPost‐NLR variation, pre‐PLR, and pre‐LMR were independent prognostic factors for PFS in advanced SCLC receiving anlotinib monotherapy. The inflammation‐based prognostic scoring system can accurately predict effectiveness and survival.
Diagnostic performance of microscopic stool examination in Campylobacter infection performed by different medical specialties
Authors: Hirose Yumi , Akashi Yusaku , Sun Yu , Notake Shigeyuki , Ueda Atsuo , Kato Daisuke , Muramatsu Shino , Ishikawa Hiroichi , Suzuki Hiromichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicroscopic examination of stool samples can contribute to the early diagnosis of Campylobacter gastroenteritis. However, it is unclear whether the diagnostic performance is reliable when performed by physicians.MethodsThis prospective study included fresh stool samples collected from patients with gastroenteritis between August 2018 and March 2020. The samples were used for microscopic examination through Gram staining. Two physicians, a clinical laboratory technician, and microbiologists performed the examinations. In addition, antigen tests (QuickNavi‐Campylobacter; Denka Co., Ltd.) were evaluated for the samples collected between May 2019 and March 2020. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was confirmed when stool cultures or polymerase chain reaction tests provided positive results.ResultsMicroscopic examination was performed on 205 samples, of which 46 (22.4%) were positive for Campylobacter spp. For the microscopic examination, the sensitivity and specificity were 53.5% and 98.1% for physician A, 46.7% and 96.2% for physician B, 63.0% and 100% for the clinical laboratory technician, and 67.4% and 100% for microbiologists, respectively. The antigen testing was evaluated in 131 of the 205 samples and showed a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 99.0%.ConclusionsMicroscopic examination of the stool samples showed high specificity. The sensitivity when the examinations were performed by the physicians was insufficient. The rapid antigen tests can reliably detect Campylobacter spp. in stool samples.
Hedonic plasticity of vegan burger patty in implicit or explicit reference frame conditions
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Chung Seo‐Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe vegan food market is one of the fastest growing markets worldwide for ethical, environmental, and health reasons. However, vegan food is still relatively unfamiliar to Korean consumers. Their liking for vegan burger patties is in the early phase of development; thus, it is necessary to place the patties in an appropriate context or ‘frame’.RESULTSWe investigated consumer (n = 269) liking for vegan patty under different frame conditions. The implicit frame condition was manipulated by evaluating a target sample along with four other vegan or meat samples. Consumers were further divided into two explicit groups that were exposed to or not exposed to a video clip on ethical food consumption before evaluating the samples. A control group evaluated the target sample only. The results showed that the implicit frame formed during the sample evaluation had a stronger influence than the explicit frame created by the video clip. Perceived familiarity with the target vegan patty drastically decreased when evaluated with other meat samples and negatively influenced the liking for it.CONCLUSIONThe findings show that the type of samples evaluated sequentially together with the target vegan burger patty within the same session had a greater effect on the target sample than the information provided explicitly. To introduce the target vegan burger patty effectively to consumers who are relatively new to the vegan food product category such as Koreans, it is suggested that the product should be positioned under the category of vegan foods rather than the category of conventional burger patties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Corrosion behavior of three heat‐resistant steels for turbine system in steam at 600°C and 20 MPa
Authors: Li Quande , Guo Tingshan , Liang Zhiyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of KT5916, 2Cr11Mo, and Co3W3 in high‐temperature and high‐pressure steam at 600°C, and 20 MPa were investigated. The kinetic weight gain curves of KT5916 and Co3W3 nearly followed a parabolic law. Oxide scale exfoliation was found in all steels. The oxide layer structural distribution of the three heat‐resistant steels was Fe3O4 layer and FeCr2O4 layer from the gas side to the substrate side, and the critical criterion for the formation of Fe2O3 oxide was 509.3°C. Under the influence of growth stress, the oxide film of the three heat‐resistant steels experienced a stable oxide layer, coarsening of oxide, pulverization of oxide, and exfoliation of oxide in high‐temperature and high‐pressure steam environments.
Serum lncRNAs, NBAT‐1, and FOXCUT signature in hepatocellular carcinoma developed on top of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Ali Marwa A. , Shaker Olfat G. , Ezzat Eman M. , Eid Hanaa M. , Ali Doaa Y. , Hassan Essam A. , Elsayed Dalia H. , Abozaid Eman R. , Abdelaleem Omayma O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a universal health problem responsible for 8.2% of all cancer deaths. Numerous risk factors were documented to be contributed to HCC development with viral hepatitis C ranking as the major predisposing factor in Egypt. The presence of a detectable amount of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the circulation is linked to the development and spread of tumors. LncRNAs NBAT‐1 and FOXCUT expression levels were used as genetic markers for the detection of gastrointestinal tract cancers. We hypothesized that serum expression levels of NBAT‐1 and FOXCUT are new biomarkers for HCC that are related to laboratory and pathological markers.Patients and MethodsThis study included 165 hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related HCC Egyptian patients, 180 HCV‐infected noncancer patients, and 180 healthy controls, the serum expression levels of NBAT‐1 and FOXCUT were measured by using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThis study's results include that medians (inter‐quartile range [IQRs]) of NBAT‐1 in HCC and HCV patients were (1.9 [0.87−4.94], 10.01 [7.34−13.29] respectively) which exhibited significantly higher expression than controls, while the medians (IQRs) of FOXCUT in HCC and HCV patients were (0.15 [0.04−0.52], 6.42 [2.49−10.10], respectively) that exhibited significantly lower expression than controls regarding HCC patients but significantly higher expression than controls regarding HCV patients. In comparing serum fold changes of NBAT‐1 and FOXCUT between HCC patients and HCV patients; we obtained significantly higher levels of target genes in HCV patients (p < 0.001) than in HCC patients. Also, a positive correlation was detected between NBAT‐1 and FOXCUT in HCC group (r = 0.262, p = 0.001) and in HCV group (r = 0.937, p < 0.001). Higher serum NBAT‐1 and FOXCUT were significantly associated with better clinical and laboratory data of the disease. Multivariate regression analysis showed that FOXCUT was an independent predictor for HCC among HCV patients (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study cited that NBAT‐1 and FOXCUT could be considered new diagnostic serum biomarkers for HCC on top of HCV.
Juvenile‐Onset Huntington's Disease in Peru: A Case Series of 32 Patients
Authors: Vishnevetsky Anastasia , Cornejo‐Olivas Mario , Sarapura‐Castro Elison , Inca‐Martinez Miguel , Rabinowitz Danielle , Milla‐Neyra Karina , Mazzetti Pilar , Bird Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile‐onset Huntington's Disease (JoHD) or Huntington's disease (HD) with age of onset ≤20 years, is a rare clinical entity that often differs phenotypically from adult HD and represents only 1–15% of total HD cases.ObjectiveTo characterize the genetic and clinical characteristics of 32 JoHD patients seen in a Peruvian Neurogenetics clinic from 2000–2018.MethodsThis study is a retrospective clinical and genetic review. The clinical database in Lima, Peru was searched for HD patients seen in clinic between 2000 and 2018. Inclusion criteria were: (1) genetically confirmed disease; and (2) HD age of onset ≤20 years, according to the documented medical history.ResultsAmong 475 patients with genetically confirmed HD in the database, 32 patients (6.7%) had symptom onset at ≤20 years. Among JoHD patients with a known transmitting parent (30 of 32), paternal transmission accounted for 77% of cases. Anticipation was higher with paternal transmission compared to maternal transmission (27.5 ± 11.5 vs. 11.3 ± 7.1 years). Overall expanded CAG repeat length ranged from 44 to 110, with a mean length of 65.6 ± 15.4, and 14 (44%) cases had repeat length under 60. Of the 32 patients included in the study, 25 had detailed clinical symptomatology available, and many patients had unique clinical features such as prominent sleep disturbance (60% of patients), or parkinsonism (73%).ConclusionsThis large case series of JoHD patients characterizes the Peruvian JoHD population, reports on unique familial relationships in JoHD, and highlights the varied symptomatic presentation of this rare disease.
A survey of Indian physiotherapists′ clinical practice patterns and adherence to clinical guidelines in the management of patients with acute low back pain
Authors: Ganesh G. Shankar , Khan Abdur Raheem , Khan Ashfaque 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical practice guidelines (CPG) exist for the management of non‐specific low back pain (LBP). The objective of this study is to evaluate if Indian physiotherapists' follow CPGs when treating patients with acute LBP.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey using an online questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, views, and opinion about acute LBP and CPGs, and management strategies of a clinical vignette presenting a patient with acute LBP.ResultsResponses from 328 physiotherapists were included in this study. Eighty‐one percent of respondents indicated familiarity with CPGs for LBP and 75.3% (n = 328) respondents indicated that their intervention choices aligned with guidelines to at least some extent. Participants with post‐graduate and doctoral degrees were more accustomed to CPGs than those with bachelor's degrees (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in clinical practice (p < 0.01) between therapists who expressed familiarity with guidelines and those who were not, as well as those with and without post‐graduate and doctoral degrees.ConclusionIn general, the study showed adherence to guidelines; however, there were areas that did not align with established evidence, especially referral for radiology and use of electrical modalities.
Citric acid functionalized reduced graphene oxide containing bio‐based waterborne polyester thermoset as an excellent anticorrosive material
Authors: Dutta Geeti Kaberi , Karak Niranjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProtection of metal surfaces from corrosion by environmentally friendly coating is found to be an interesting and useful research topic. In this milieu, the authors presented an environment friendly bio‐based waterborne polyester thermoset as an anticorrosive organic coating. The polyesters comprise renewable resource based citric acid, dimer acid and glycerol along with citric acid functionalized reduced graphene oxide. Three different compositions of the polyester were produced by varying the amount (0.1, 0.5, and 1 weight%) of functionalized reduced graphene oxide. The structural and morphological attributes of these polyesters were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and transmission electron microscopic studies. The thermosets of the resinous polyesters were obtained by curing them with bio‐based glycerol containing epoxy and fatty acid modified poly(amido amine). The thermosets exhibited high tensile strength (18.68–26.94 MPa), elongation at break (176%–471%), toughness (22.74–86.5 MJ/m3), thermal stability (up to 222°C), biodegradability and chemical resistance. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies clearly revealed excellent corrosion resistance (impedance of the order of 107 ohm cm2 and highest phase angle of 88.2°) of the mild steel coated plates. Thus, the formulated polyester thermosets could be used as a promising environment friendly high performing anticorrosive material.
Association between meal frequency with others and psychological distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tsuji Rikako , Nishi Daisuke , Sasaki Natsu , Akiyama Hiroto , Kuroda Reiko , Tsuno Kanami , Imamura Kotaro , Kawakami Norito 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies evaluated the association between eating alone and mental health mainly in older people and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dinner frequency with others and psychological distress during the COVID‐19 outbreak among the Japanese working population.MethodsData were acquired from a prospective online cohort study (the Employee Cohort Study in the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan) conducted in February 2021 as a cross‐sectional design. Dinner frequency with others was categorized into five groups: “almost daily,” “4–5 times per week,” “2–3 times per week,” “once per week,” and “less than once per week,” setting them as a predictor variable. Modified Poisson regression was performed to calculate the prevalence ratio of psychological distress with multiple imputation for missing data. Global fear and worry about COVID‐19 were adjusted as a covariate.ResultsA total of 1171 participants completed the questionnaire. Respondents who ate dinner with others “almost daily” had the least psychological distress than those who ate with others “4–5 times,” “2–3 times,” and “once per week” in the crude model (prevalence ratio (95% CI): 1 [reference], 1.34 [1.08–1.67], 1.40 [1.15–1.69], 1.44 [1.12–1.85], respectively). The association was comparable after adjusting for global fear and worry about COVID‐19.ConclusionsAmong those who ate dinner with others at least once a week, those who ate with others “almost daily” had the least psychological distress. The association was comparable after adjusting for global fear and worry about COVID‐19. Further study is needed on why those who eat with others less than once a week may have a lower prevalence ratio of having mental distress.
Liver cirrhosis in Japan: Future global trends in the era of progressive antiviral therapy
Authors: Enomoto Hirayuki , Takashima Tomoyuki , Nishimura Takashi , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Ikeda Naoto , Yuri Yukihisa , Okamoto Mamiko , Yoshihara Kohei , Yoshioka Ryota , Kawata Shoki , Ota Shogo , Nakano Ryota , Shiomi Hideyuki , Iijima Hiroko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Japan, viral hepatitis is the main cause of chronic liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis. Due to the availability of highly effective antiviral drugs in combination with antihepatitis measures, Japan has become one of the most successful countries in the world with regard to hepatitis virus elimination. In Japan, there are many elderly patients who have been infected with hepatitis C virus for a long time, and antihepatitis measures have been in place since the 2000s. Thus, the medical situation in Japan is expected to reflect the future situation in other countries where hepatitis countermeasures have been recently initiated and the infected population is aging. Our nationwide survey clarified the changes in the etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Japan. Although viral hepatitis remains a major cause of liver cirrhosis in Japan, nonviral cirrhosis is suggested to increasingly contribute to the etiologies of liver cirrhosis, as opposed to viral hepatitis‐related liver cirrhosis. The changing etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan may help to predict future global trends in chronic liver diseases.
Aminoglycoside induced ototoxicity risk in the cystic fibrosis population: The utility of large‐scale screening
Authors: Lopes Jaime , Vidal‐Folch Noemi , Lundquist Patrick , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Demirel Nadir , Dean Vicki , Olson Janelle , Auth Tom , Butz Malinda , Reed Katelyn , Wylam Mark , Balcom Jessica , Boczek Nicole J. , Hasadsri Linda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMT‐RNR1 variants are a well‐known cause of aminoglycoside‐induced hearing loss (AIHL). Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) routinely receive aminoglycosides and are at high risk of AIHL. However, genetic testing before treatment is not routinely performed due to perceived rarity of risk, and cost ineffectiveness with traditional technologies.AimAssess the utility of large‐scale screening for AIHL risk in the CF population, using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), a novel and scalable low‐cost molecular technique.MethodsUsing a clinically validated ddPCR assay, we performed retrospective testing on 122 and prospective testing on 32 individuals with CF for the two most common pathogenic variants associated with AIHL, MT‐RNR1 m.1555 A > G and m.1494 C > T. Our study screened the largest known cohort of pediatric cases of CF (94/154) for these specific alterations.ResultsWe identified two individuals positive for MT‐RNR1 m.1555 A > G and no positives for m.1494 C > T. Of 32 prospective cases, 17 had aminoglycoside exposure. The positive case in our prospective group recently began inhaled tobramycin and denied hearing issues. The clinician adjusted to care for both the patient and sibling with CF (not included in cohort) who is presumed positive for m.1555 A > G due to the nature of mitochondrial inheritance.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the utility of pretreatment screening in the cystic fibrosis population for AIHL risk using ddPCR, a scalable and robust testing methodology at a fraction of the cost as compared to other sequencing‐based methods. Therefore, the use of large‐scale screening for AIHL risk in the cystic fibrosis community should be re‐visited.
Benchmarking the Role of Particle Statistics in Quantum Reservoir Computing
Authors: Llodrà Guillem , Charalambous Christos , Giorgi Gian Luca , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantum reservoir computing is a neuro‐inspired machine learning approach harnessing the rich dynamics of quantum systems to solve temporal tasks. It has gathered attention for its suitability for NISQ devices, for easy and fast trainability, and for potential quantum advantage. Although several types of systems have been proposed as quantum reservoirs, differences arising from particle statistics have not been established yet. In this work, the ability of bosons, fermions, and qubits are assessed and compared to store information from past inputs by measuring linear and nonlinear memory capacity. While, in general, the performance of the system improves with the Hilbert space size, it is shown that also the information spreading capability is a key factor. For the simplest reservoir Hamiltonian choice, and for each boson limited to at most one excitation, fermions provide the best reservoir due to their intrinsic nonlocal properties. On the other hand, a tailored input injection strategy allows the exploitation of the abundance of degrees of freedom of the Hilbert space for bosonic quantum reservoir computing and enhances the computational power compared to both qubits and fermions.
Scientific reasoning skills predict topic‐specific knowledge after participation in a citizen science project on urban wildlife ecology
Authors: Bruckermann Till , Greving Hannah , Schumann Anke , Stillfried Milena , Börner Konstantin , Kimmig Sophia E. , Hagen Robert , Brandt Miriam , Harms Ute 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn citizen science (CS) projects, citizens who are not professional scientists participate in scientific research. Besides serving research purposes, CS projects provide participants opportunities for inquiry‐based learning to promote their topic‐specific knowledge and scientific reasoning skills. Previous research suggests that participants need scientific reasoning skills to engage in scientific activities and to learn from inquiry in CS projects. Participants' scientific reasoning skills, therefore, might enhance the resulting topic‐specific knowledge at the end of a CS project. On the other hand, scientific reasoning skills themselves are a learning outcome of CS projects. Hence, they might play a double role in CS projects: as a learning outcome and as a prerequisite for acquiring knowledge. In the informal education context of CS, it has not yet been investigated whether scientific reasoning skills predict topic‐specific knowledge or vice versa. To address this question, the research presented here used a cross‐lagged panel design in two longitudinal field studies of a CS project on urban wildlife ecology (N = 144 participants). The results indicated that participants' scientific reasoning skills positively influenced their topic‐specific knowledge at the end of the project, but not vice versa. Extending previous research on individual learning outcomes of CS projects, the results showed that inquiry‐based learning in CS projects depends on certain prerequisites, such as participants' proficiency in scientific reasoning. We discuss the implications for future research on inquiry‐based learning in CS projects and for further training of CS participants in acquiring scientific reasoning skills.