bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of childhood obesity and its associations among adolescents: a cross-sectional, urban, community-based, birth cohort study from South Asia
Authors: Niriella Madunil Anuk , Ediriweera Dileepa Senajith , Kasthuriratne Anuradhania , Rajindrajith Shaman , De Silva Shamila Thivanshi , Goonathilake Dilith , Jayasinghe Yasodha Chamilka , Jayatissa Amith , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , de Silva Hithanadura Janaka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThere are few community-based data on childhood obesity. We investigated the community prevalence and associations of adolescent obesity in a birth cohort from an urban community in Sri Lanka.MethodsThe study population consisted of 14-year-olds (Year-2000 birth-cohort), from the Ragama MOH area were invited to participate in the study. Demographic and lifestyle data were collected, and standard blood biochemistry was performed. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured. Total body fat percentage (TBF) was measured using the impedance method. Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, linear models, generalized linear models and Multivariate analysis of covariance were used for the analysis of data.Results508 [260 (51.2%) girls; median birth weight 2.9 (IQR: 2.6–3.2) kg] participated in the study. Prevalence of central obesity (CO) was 26.7% (95% CI: 23.1% − 30.8%), general obesity (GO) was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.6% − 2.9%) and global obesity was 1.6% (0.4% − 2.7%). Girls showed a higher prevalence of CO compared to boys (37.8% vs 15.8% respectively, P < 0.001). GO was associated with lower birth order (P = 0.044), CO with female sex (P < 0.001) and higher birth weight (P = 0.05), and global obesity with gestational diabetes (P = 0.055). After adjusting for antenatal and postnatal factors, GO, and CO showed positive associations with blood pressure, lipid and glucose metabolism and alanine transaminase (ALT) and fatty liver.ConclusionIn this cohort of adolescents, CO was more prevalent than GO. CO was commoner among the girls than in boys. GO was associated with lower birth order while CO showed association with higher birth weight. After adjusting for these, both GO and CO showed association with metabolic traits.Key points· We investigated the community prevalence and associations of adolescent obesity in a birth cohort from an urban community in Sri Lanka. · In this cohort of adolescents, central obesity (CO) was more prevalent than general obesity (GO). · GO was associated with lower birth order while CO showed association with higher birth weight.· After adjusting for these, both GO and CO showed association with metabolic traits.
Surgical Treatment of a Tarlov Cyst in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Otto Marius , Roeder-Geyer Eva-Dorette , Braun Veit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction Tarlov cysts, commonly known as perineurial cysts, are mostly asymptomatic benign lesions that are often accidentally discovered during imaging initiated for other reasons. The pathology is very rare in children, so it may be of scientific and clinical interest to present a pediatric case with a Tarlov cyst and discuss the best therapeutic options. Case Presentation This case report relates to a 5 year old patient who presented initially with nocturnal enuresis and later with the symptom of tiptoeing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unmasked a large extradural cyst that extended from L4 to S3. The cyst was completely removed by a microsurgical laminotomy from L4 to L5, from which the otherwise healthy and normally developed patient still benefits today. Conclusion The surgery performed appears to be a preferable, effective, and safe therapy for pediatric patients with Tarlov cysts.
Structural transformation and RMB real exchange rate fluctuations
Authors: Gong Liming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the Productivity shocks, there exist inherently systemic biases when using purchasing power parity as the equilibrium real exchange rate measure standard. In this paper, based on characteristic of Chinese economic transformation, considering demographic and weakened Balassa-Samuelson effect, we re-estimate the equilibrium level of real exchange rate of RMB with the quarterly frequency data since 1994, and measuring the misalignment of RMB real exchange rate. The empirical results show that the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate model is a reasonable analytical framework of RMB equilibrium real exchange rate, and in the sample period, the real exchange rate of RMB is robust, demographic is an important variable affecting the RMB equilibrium exchange rate. The real exchange rate of RMB is closely related to China's economic development strategy.
Tunnel technique for maxillary and mandibular flabby ridge using palatal splinting tray system : Clinical report
Authors: Chandak Prerna 
Published: May 2022

Complete dentures function in the oral cavity of geriatric patients hence they must be in harmony with the normal neuromuscular system. ‘Fibrous’ or ‘flabby’ alveolar ridges pose significant problems during impression making retention and stability are compromised due to movable underlying tissue. These mobile den­ture-bearing tissues are displaced by masticatory forces and thus they alter the position of denture with resultant loss of peripheral seal. Forces that are exerted during impression making cause distortion of mobile tissues. Resulting in instability af­fecting function. In this paper, the authors have proposed a newer technique of impression making of the flabby tissues along with the application of neutral zone concept is also incorporated into impression making which ensures an accurate and easy impression of these flabby tissues leading to successful complete denture therapy
ECC and Infant oral care Assessment of paediatrician’s knowledge and attitude on Early childhood caries and Infants oral care in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh – A questionnaire study
Authors: Dr Umang Akhnai  
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION-
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is considered as a significant public health problem in both developing and developed countries. ECC can start early in a child's life, progresses rapidly and might lead to adverse effects on a child's physical, psychological and social well-being. Access to child’s dental care might be compromised as most parents are unaware of the importance of the child’s first dental visit. Also Children in their first years are often seen by their Pediatric health professionals compared to dentists. Hence they can be considered as a reliable source for child’s oral health promotion and caries prevention.
OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this study is to assess the awareness, knowledge and attitude of Paediatric health professionals towards Early Childhood Caries.
STUDY DESIGN:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study
METHODOLOGY:
Questionnaire based study will be conducted among the paediatric health professionals in Bhopal City. The questionnaire composed of two sections: Demographic characteristics and questions assessing participant’s knowledge and attitude will be distributed among paediatric health professionals.
RESULT AND CONCLUSION:
It was found that Paediatricians have significant knowledge and attitude towards infant oral care and ECC but they accept lacking knowledge in some aspects and hardly acquired any dental training.
Proximal relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis: “A clinical representation”
Authors: BAIJU CS , Gupta Gunjan , Joshi Karuna , Kaur Pawandeep , Gupta N.D. , Virmani Ria 
Published: May 2022

Hypothyroidism is a systemic condition in which thyroid gland is underactive and production of thyroid hormones is diminished, resulting in metabolic slowdown. Thyroid disease can lead to imbalance in hemostasis of the body and affect the healing capacity of tissues. This case report presents the influence of thyroid hormone dysfunction and its impact on periodontal disease progression in 55 year old female patient giving the chief complaint of bleeding gums and increased gum size. The report emphasizes the need for interventions by health care providers in patients with hypothyroidism to preserve their oral and overall health
Digitalization of Conventional Removable Prosthesis: Cad-cam Dentures
Authors: PASRICHA NEETA , AGGARWAL KARAN 
Published: May 2022

During the last few decades significant advancements in the field of technology have been integrated in our day to day life. In the medical field and more specifically dentistry, one of the novel applications of robotic technology is the use of Artificial Intelligence in prosthodontics. Newer technologies have been consistently developed based on the principles that try to simulate the human brain functioning to develop solutions that do not just follow preprogrammed instructions, but also have some traits of the human’s such as the reasoning ability and experienced learning from practice without being programmed manually. Integrating CAD/CAM technology into removable denture designing and fabrication has helped in improvement of the quality of the dentures and simplification of the laboratory work. Manual laboratory procedures are either reduced or eliminated, thus enabling the dental technician and the dentist to ensure reproducibility and accuracy of prostheses. This reduces overall time requires in patient rehabilitation. This article presents a critical review on the application of CAD- CAM technology in removable prosthodontics and possible research directions in this field in the future.
The comparison of surface hardness, water sorption and staining resistance between thermoplastic nylon and heat-cured acrylic resin.
Authors: Samarla, Aruna Kumari , Alla Krishna , Bolisetty Deepika , Bali Yashika , Bali Yashika , Balehonnur Prema , Kandasamy Baburajan 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface hardness, water sorption and staining resistance of conventional heat cure and nylon denture base materials.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 specimens, which comprises thirty from each denture base materials (Acralyn-H, DPI, Valplast and Flexident), were fabricated by investing metal specimen analogues of dimension 65x10x2.5mm strips for hardness, 50x0.5mm discs for water sorption and 20x1mm discs for staining resistance according to ADA specification no.12. The surface hardness was evaluated using Shore D Durometer. Water sorption was tested by the differences in the weight of the specimens by desiccating in calcium chloride and immersing in water for one week. The specimens were placed in a staining solution of 3% tartrazine for 7days. Staining resistance was evaluated by the optical density of the extraction solvent (ethanol) using spectrophotometer.
Results: Heat cure acrylic denture base materials demonstrated more surface hardness compared to nylon based denture materials. Tukey’s HSD showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the hardness of heat cure and nylon denture base materials. The water sorption values of Acralyn-H, DPI and Valplast were comparable and showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the water sorption with Flexident. In staining resistance test, Valplast demonstrated more optical density whereas the optical densities of the others materials were comparable. Valplast materials displayed significant differences (p<0.05) in staining resistance with heat cure denture base materials.
Conclusions: Both the heat cure denture base materials exhibited greatest surface hardness compared to the flexible denture base materials. Flexident displayed the lowest water sorption and Valplast had the least staining resistance.
Key words:
Polymethylmethacrylate, nylon denture base materials, staining resistance., urface hardness, water sorption,
A Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude Between Health Care and Non-health Care Undergraduate Students Towards Tobacco Smoking in Penang.
Authors: Ganapathy Senthil kumar , Loganathan Kamaraj , Chawla Riddhi , Vaithilingam Bindu , Varghese Abin , Varghese Tina 
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the prevalence of smoking among health care and non-health care undergraduate students in Penang. Further, the knowledge, awareness and attitude levels of the respondents were also discerned. Besides, the existence of any significant difference between the knowledge, awareness and attitude levels of the two groups was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The population comprised the undergraduate students of Penang. Out of this population, a sample of 162 respondents were randomly selected. Survey questionnaires were given to the respondents to ascertain their prevalence of smoking and their knowledge, awareness and attitude towards smoking. Data was collected and both descriptive and inferential analysis were carried out using SPSS.
RESULTS: There were proportionately less smokers among the healthcare respondents compared to the non-healthcare respondents. Additionally, it was also found that there existed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the score for knowledge, awareness and attitude towards smoking (t=6.19, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Thus health care students had a lower prevalence of smoking and had greater knowledge, awareness and attitude of the dangers of smoking and were possibly aided by their greater knowledge of the health sciences.
Analytical and numerical model of saltwater intrusion in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi Province Indonesia
Authors: Badaruddin Sugiarto , Suleman Abdul Rivai , Faisal Zulvyah , Halim Hasmar , Saing Zubair 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper assesses the extent of saltwater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers in two sub-districts of Jeneponto Regency, Indonesia, for the first time using an analytical method in the form of a sharp-interface approach and numerical dispersive simulation of a finite difference solution developed by SEAWAT, based on field observations and secondary field data. In general, the SWI extents obtained from the analytical solutions for four aquifers in the region are around 30% greater than numerical solutions. The results show that the maximum SWI extent occurs in the Binamu2 aquifer in Jeneponto Regency, where the analytical solution and numerical simulation produced SWI extents of 850.4 m and 510 m, respectively. The higher results in the sharp interface model compared to the numerical model are most likely due to the pushing seaward effect caused by the presence of circulating flow inside the saltwater wedge below the freshwater-saltwater interface, which is considered in the numerical solution but not in the analytical solution, as explained in the previous SWI study. The results also revealed that the SWI conditions in Jeneponto Regency are still within reasonable limits, but groundwater exploitation control is critical in the region to maintain this situation.
Multiple and One-Pot Synthetic Strategies for Pyrimido-Thiazine and their Derivatives
Authors: Chittilappilly Grace Shaji , Chandran Meena , Krishnakumar Kunnanbath 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
In the present era, the use of fused heterocyclic compounds has been showing considerable
value in the development and designing of new drugs. Article flow through the synthetic
strategies highlight the application of metal-free, visible light-mediated catalysis for the
fusion of six-membered heterocyclic scaffolds containing nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. The
power stratagem for the synthesis of diverse fused heterocyclic compounds is the sequencing
of multicomponent reactions and subsequent cyclization reactions. The heterocyclic compounds
containing Nitrogen and Sulphur atoms exhibit unique properties and are used as potential
reactive materials in pharmacokinetic systems. These compounds can also be synthesized
considering the high yield, low waste and green synthesis. The main aim of this review is
to give an outlook on the synthetic feasibility of the fused heterocyclic system and to develop
an innovative heterocyclic synthetic scheme that allows for different bond-forming strategies which are having a
significant impact in the pharmaceutical industry, especially the pyrimido-thiazine derivatives in the future synthetic
heterocyclic chemistry. The future of Heterocyclic chemistry is the development of robust synthetic routes which
can generate a bulk quantity of desired products and accelerate the drug development process.
Production of Recombinant Human Hybrid Ferritin with Heavy Chain
and Light Chain in Escherichia coli and its Characterization
Authors: Zhang Chun , Song Xiaotong , Zheng Yongxiang , Liu Yongdong , Meng Huan , Yu Rong 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Natural human ferritin generally contains 24 subunits with different ratios
of heavy chain to light chain, and the ratio of both subunits varies depending on tissue distribution
and pathological conditions. However, the production of recombinant hybrid ferritin with both subunits
is more challenging.

Objective:
This study aimed to prepare the recombinant hybrid ferritin for prokaryotic expression
and characterize its structure and physicochemical properties.

Methods:
A prokaryotic expression vector of pACYCDuet-1 harboring the two individual genes of
human ferritin heavy chain and light chain (FTH/FTL-pACYCDuet-1) was constructed and transfected
into Escherichia coli bacteria. Then the genes were co-induced by IPTG to express.

Results:
The ferritin was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography combining size exclusion
chromatography and verified by mass spectrometry and characterized by spectral and morphological
analysis.

Conclusion:
FTH and FTL subunits were successfully co-assembled into a hybrid ferritin nanoparticle
(rhFTH/L). The structure of rhFTH/L was demonstrated highly ordered and fairly compact. Besides,
the hybrid rhFTH/L nanoparticle was shown more sensitive to thermal stress and reduced stability
when compared with that of both individual rhFTH and rhFTL.
Transcriptome Profiling of Cisplatin Resistance in Triple-negative
Breast Cancer: New Insight into the Role of PI3k/Akt Pathway
Authors: Memar Maryam , Farazmandfar Touraj , Sabaghian Amir , Shahbazi Majid , Golalipour Masoud 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Aggressive nature of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is
associated with poor prognosis compared with other breast cancer types. Current
guidelines recommend the use of Cisplatin for the management of TNBC. However, the
development of resistance to cisplatin is the primary cause of chemotherapy failure.

Objective:
In the present study, we aimed to develop a stable cisplatin-resistant TNBC
cell line to investigate the key pathways and genes involved in cisplatin-resistant TNBC.

Methods:
The MDA-MB-231 cell was exposed to different concentrations of cisplatin.
After 33 generations, cells showed a resistant phenotype. Then, RNA-sequencing
analysis was performed in cisplatin-resistant and parent cell lines. The RNA-sequencing
data was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results:
The IC50 of the resistant cell increased to 10-fold of a parental cell (p<0.001).
Also, cisplatin-resistant cells show cross-resistance to other drugs, including 5-
fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin. Resistant cells demonstrated reduced drug
accumulation compared to the parental cells. Results showed there were 116
differentially expression genes (DEGs) (p<0.01). Gene ontology analysis revealed that
the DEGs have several molecular functions, including binding and transporter activity.
Functional annotation showed that the DEGs were enriched in the drug resistancerelated
pathways, especially the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The most important genes
identified in the protein-protein interaction network were heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)
and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3).

Conclusion:
We have identified several pathways and DEGs associated with the PI3KAkt
pathway, which provides new insights into the mechanism of cisplatin resistance,
and potential drug targets in TNBC.
Evaluation of nutritional quality and fatty acid profile of carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with diet based on oil sources
Authors: Delavariyan Raziyeh , Aberoumand Ali , Ziaei-Nejad Saeed , Javaheri-baboli Mehran 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The Cyprinus carpio as commercial fish in Iran contains nutritive components and plays an important role in human health. The present study research evaluated the nutritive quality of carp including proximate and fatty acid compositions.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of diet based on oil sources on the fatty acids composition of fish fillets of Cyprinus carpio.

Methods:
The carp (Cyprinus carpio) were fed with four diets based on soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO), fish oil (FO), and (soybean and palm) oil (SPO).

Results:
The quality of fatty acids in the body of fish fed with SO and PO diets was found significantly better (p <0.05) than those fish fed with FO diet. Total SFA (Saturated fatty acids) was highest significant in the fillet fat of the carp fish fed with PO diet, but there were no significant differences between the MUFA (Mono unsaturated fatty acids), PUFA (Poly unsaturated fatty acids), HUFA (High unsaturated fatty acids), and n-3/n-6 fatty acids of fillet in the carp fish fed with the experimental diets. Fillet fatty acid composition reflected dietary fatty acid profile. The highest level of α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid was observed in fish fillets fed FO and SO, respectively. Although the eicosapentaenoic acid level of fish fillets fed diets FO and SPO was higher than other treatments, no significant difference was found in docosahexaenoic acid content among all dietary treatments.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that the suitable diet fat sources (SO, PO, SPO) fed by the carp, Cyprinus carpio, for 56 days, was suitable their productivity.
Histogram Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient on Diffusion
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiation between Low
and High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang He , Liu Xuefen , Wang Tianping , Wang Yida , Wang Jue , Jin Jun , Zhang Guofu 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies. Being the most common subtype in OEC, ovarian serious cancer also include two subtypes: low grade serous ovarian cancer[LGSC]and high grade serous ovarian cancer[HGSC] [1].

Purpose:
To assess the capability of apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] histogram analysis and conventional measurements on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] in differentiating between LGSC and HGSC].

Methods:
We retrospectively recruited 38 patients with pathologically proven ovarian serous epithelial cancer . The mean ADC value was measured by one technician using two methods on post-processed workstation. The ADC value and histogram parameter difference between LGSC and HGSC group were compared. The correlation between ADC value and the Ki-67 expression was calculated across both groups.

Results:
The repeatability of ADC measurements across two methods was good; the ROI method [ADC-roi] had the better performance repeatability than the area method did [ADC-area]. The value of ADC-mean、ADC-min、ADC-max and ADC-area significantly differed between both groups [p < 0.001]. The value of ADC-area correlated inversely with ki-67 expression in the whole group [Pearson coefficient = -0.382, p = 0.02]. The 3D computerized-diagnostic model have the best discriminative performance in determining HGSC than 2D and conventional ADC measurements did. The 3D model yielded a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 95.45% and an accuracy of 97.73%.

Conclusion:
In the present study, the 3D ADC histogram model help to differentiate HGSC from LGSC with the better performance than conventional ADC measurements.