bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Geospatial Technology for Efficient Water Distribution Network in Undulating Terrains of Enugu urban, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuoti Amos Iloabuchi , Ojinnaka Oliver C , Ibem Eziyi O , Uzodinma Victus N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rapid urbanization has continued to exacerbate pipe borne water supply challenges in many urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Hence, innovative systems and strategies are needed to support effective planning of surface and underground facilities for efficient water distribution network in this region. This research is aimed at using geospatial technology to develop an efficient water distribution network for urban areas with undulating terrain using Enugu, southeast Nigeria as a case study. Data sourced from physical observations and maps of the existing water distribution network, location of the reservoirs and booster points, and settlement pattern of Enugu revealed that the existing water distribution network was inconsistent with terrain configuration of the city and lacked provisions for future expansion. Consequently, in developing a new water distribution network, evaluation of the terrain of the city from spot heights dataset extracted from LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Satellite image was done. Based on the data obtained, the city was divided into 12 water distribution zones, with reservoirs sited at points of highest elevation to allow pipe borne water reticulation by gravity using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. A combination of radial and dead-end water distribution standard systems was applied in the production of water distribution network map for Enugu urban with provisions made for future expansions. The efficiency of this distribution network was tested and confirmed to be suitable with United State’s Environmental Protection Agency domain software EPANET for water distribution model; and thus recommended for adoption in Enugu and other cities with undulating topography and water distribution challenges.
Nutrition-related Diseases and Cardiovascular Mortality in American Society: National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999-2006
Authors: Chen Weihua , Shi Shanshan , Tu Jiabin , Liao Lihua , Liao Ying , Chen Kaihong , Chen Liling , Huang Rongchong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite many significant advances in treatment and management, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of the global disease burden. Nutrition-related disease is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. However, few studies have examined the relationship between nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality in community populations. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of nutrition-related diseases with cardiovascular mortality based on a large nationally representative community population.Design: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2015. Finally, 12,529 participants were analyzed. Each participant was assigned to one of four groups: normal nutrition without sarcopenia, sarcopenia with normal nutrition, malnutrition without sarcopenia, and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome. Survival curves and Cox regressions based on the NHANES recommended weights were used to assess the association between nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality.Results: Of the 12,529 patients included in the study and divided into four groups, malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome had the highest 5- and 10-year cardiovascular mortality rates (17 of 318, 5.4%; 33 of 318, 10.4%). After adjustment for related factors, sarcopenia with normal nutrition (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.35−2.09; P < 0.001), malnutrition without sarcopenia (HR: 1.48, 95% CI:1.18−1.84; P < 0.001), and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome (HR: 2.41, 95% CI:1.63−3.56; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome remained associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.92−7.23; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome was highly prevalent among community-dwelling adults in the United States and was a strong prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality in the community setting. Randomized clinical trials are needed to demonstrate whether prevention or treatment of malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome in community populations can reduce global cardiovascular mortality.
Diversity of hemodynamic types in connective tissue disease associated pulmonary hypertension: more than a subgroup of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Dong Xingbei , Shi Yue , Xia Ying , Zhang Xiao , Qian Junyan , Zhao Jiuliang , Peng Jinmin , Wang Qian , Weng Li , Li Mengtao , Du Bin , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Connective tissue disease associated pulmonary hypertension (CTD-PH) is classified as a subgroup of WHO group 1 PH, also called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, not all CTD-PH fit hemodynamic definition of PAH. This study investigates the diversity of hemodynamic types of CTD-PH, their differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes. Method: We performed a retrospective cohort study. CTD-PH patients were enrolled and divided into WHO group1 PH, WHO group 2 PH and hyperdynamic PH (mPAP>20mmHg, PVR<3WU, PAWP<15mmHg) according to hemodynamics obtained by right heart catheterization. Patients with severe lung diseases, left heart disease, pulmonary embolism, and hepatic cirrhosis were excluded. Baseline characteristics, autoantibodies, cardiac function, echocardiogram parameters, hemodynamics and survival rates were compared. Result: A total of 207 CTD-PH patients were included, 139 in WHO group 1 PH, 36 in WHO group 2 PH and 32 in hyperdynamic PH. We found hyperdynamic PH is less severe, presenting lower NT-proBNP level, better WHO function class, lower mPAP and PVR, higher cardiac output, and less cardiac remodeling. Incidence of anti-RNP was significantly lower in patients with elevated PAWP. Short-term survival was worse in WHO group 2 PH, yet 5-year survival rates didn’t differ between groups. Conclusion: Considering diversity in hemodynamic types, CTD-PH is more than a subgroup of PAH. Different types of CTD-PH present different clinical phenotypes and outcome. Phenotyping PH in CTD-PH patients is important
Development of UPP Nanoparticles reinforced Zn-ZnO-MgO Composite Coating for Corrosion-resistance, Hardness and Microstructure Properties Enhancement of Mild Steel for Advanced Applications
Authors: Fayomi Ojo Sunday Isaac , Akande Itopa Godwin , Akpan Bassey Jonah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The numerous industrial application of mild steel despite its susceptibility to degradation on exposure to the environment has called for the continuous search for materials that can protect its surface from contaminants which could affect its inherent properties. This paper therefore examined the corrosion-resistance, hardness and microstructure properties of unripe plantain peel (UPP) nanoparticles reinforced Zn-ZnO-MgO composite coatings deposited on the surface of mild steel. The corrosion properties of the coated steel samples were investigated using the potentiodynamic polarization technique, utilizing simulated seawater (3.65% NaCl solution) as the test medium. The hardness of the coated steel samples was studied using the Brinell hardness method, while the microstructure properties were investigated using XRD and SEM/EDS. The as-received mild steel sample was observed to exhibit a hardness value and corrosion rate of 136.8 kgf/mm2 and 8.6272 mm/year, respectively, while the Zn-10ZnO-10MgO coated mild steel sample exhibited a hardness value and corrosion rate of 246.5 and 1.7698 mm/year, respectively. Relative to the other samples, the Zn-10ZnO-10MgO-6UPP coated mild steel (sample coated with 10 g/L of ZnO, 10 g/L of MgO and 6 g/L of UPP) exhibited a highest hardness value and lowest corrosion rate of 254.8 kgf/mm2 and 0.6645 mm/year, respectively. These corrosion rate and hardness values of the Zn-10ZnO-10MgO-6UPP coated mild steel sample showed that the unripe plantain peel nanoparticles further enhanced the strengthening and passivating ability of Zn-ZnO-MgO-UPP coating. The SEM micrographs revealed that the Zn-ZnO-MgO-UPP coating possessed a more refined microstructure relative to the Zn-ZnO-MgO coating, signifying the grain refining ability of the unripe plantain peel nanoparticles. The EDS additionally indicated the occurrence of crucial and dispersion strengthening elements in the coatings. The XRD profile of the coatings exhibited high intensities, which signified that the coatings have high stability, good texture with microstructural and chemical homogeneity.
Greater muscle fat infiltrate in the cervical spine extensor muscles in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain compared to matched asymptomatic controls: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Snodgrass Suzanne J , Stanwell Peter , II Kenneth A. Weber , Shepherd Samala , Kennedy Olivia , Thompson Hannah J , Elliott James M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Muscle composition (muscle volume and muscle fat infiltrate [MFI]) may provide insight into possible mechanisms underpinning chronic idiopathic neck pain, a common condition with no definitive underlying pathology. In individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain > 3 months and age- and sex-matched asymptomatic controls, muscle volumes of levator scapulae, multifidus (including semispinalis cervicis), semispinalis, splenius capitis (including splenius cervicis), sternocleidomastoid and longus colli from C3 through T1 were quantified from magnetic resonance imaging, with between-group differences determined using linear mixed models, accounting for side (left or right), muscle, spinal level, sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Individuals with pain had greater muscle volume (mean difference 76.8mm3; 95% CI 26.6–127.0; p = .003) and MFI (2.3%; 0.2–4.5; p = .034) of the multifidus compared to matched controls with no differences in relative volume, accounting for factors associated with the outcomes: muscle, spinal level, side (left had smaller volume, relative volume and MFI than right), sex (females had less volume and relative volume than males, age (older age associated with less relative volume and greater MFI), and BMI (higher BMI associated with greater muscle volume and MFI). Greater MFI in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain suggests a possible underlying mechanism contributing to neck pain. Perspective: These findings suggest MFI in the multifidus may be radiologic sign, potentially identifying patients with a less favourable prognosis. Future studies are needed to determine if MFI is a contributor to the development or persistence of neck pain, or consequence of neck pain.
A bibliometric analysis of prognostic studies in rheumatoid arthritis from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Yao Yuxin , Fan Zhijun , Cui Lei , Liao Ruobing , Chen Yulan , Fu Lingyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
A bibliometric analysis of the current status and hotspots in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research was conducted using prognostic studies from various countries, institutions, and individuals throughout the world.
Methods
Data from 2000 to 2021 were collected from the Web of Science core collection. Bibliographic co-occurrence analysis system (BICOMB) software was used for bibliometric analysis, VOS viewer software was used for visualization of the studies on the RA-prognostic channel. The published papers were analyzed in terms of numbers, document type, journal, references cited, authors, high-frequency words, and research.
Results
A total of 2759 papers were included. The field of RA prognosis appears to be in a stable stage, with material published in core European and American journals by core researchers and teams. The most cited references were the “The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis” (Citations = 296), while Dr Smolen was the most productive author with 38 papers and 606 citations. Collaborations between institutions occurred more frequently within countries, while international collaborations were most frequent with United States-based institutions (total link strength = 1427). The top four research frontiers were "evaluation methodology", " Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs(DMARDs)", "diagnostic criteria", and "management standard".
Conclusion
The annual scientific output on RA prognosis has grown steadily throughout the world. However, there is still a gap between China and western nations in terms of articles of high quality. It is suggested that Chinese researchers should focus on research quality, collaborations between institutions both domestically and internationally, and follow scientific and technical trends in the field.
Extending VBHC to population-based healthcare systems: defining a segmentation model, outcome goals and steering mechanisms
Authors: Torkki Paulus Mikael , Leskelä Riikka-Leena , Mustonen Pirjo , Linna Miika , Lillrank Paul Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Value-based healthcare (VBHC) is considered the most promising guiding principle for a new generation of health service production. Many countries have attempted to apply VBHC to managerial and clinical decision-making. However, implementation remains in its infancy and varies between countries. The objective of the study is to help health systems in implementing a value-based approach by building a value-based population segmentation model for Health Authorities (HA).Materials and Methods: First, we define the principles according to which segmentation models in healthcare could be developed. Second, we merge the theoretical characteristics of VBHC with population segmentation dimensions identified in previous literature and design a flow model that establishes population segments from these combinations. We then estimate the size of the segments based on national register data. Finally, we describe how the segmentation model we developed can be used by an HA to steer healthcare service production.Results: The population can be divided into ten different segments based on relevant outcomes, goals, and the outcome measurement logic. These segments consist of healthy, help, increased risk, mild curable without risk, mild curable with risk, severe curable without risk, severe curable with risk, single chronic, multimorbid, and terminal. The representatives of Finnish HAs found the segments meaningful for evaluating and managing the healthcare system towards improved population health. The HA can use the outcome information for the segments to steer the service providers towards the outcome goals.Conclusions: A value-based segmentation model for the entire population is needed if a HA wants to steer the healthcare system employing the principles of VBHC. Segmentation should be based on the outcome measurement logic and outcome measurements relevant to each segment and the number of segments has to be limited to get a comprehensive understanding of the whole population.
Variation in the growth and toxin production of Gymnodinium catenatum under different laboratory conditions
Authors: Shi Jingyuan , Liu Yun , Gu Haifeng , Li Caiwen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The chain-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum is the only known gymnodinioid dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish toxins (PST). Dense blooms caused by the dinoflagellate have been frequently reported in coastal waters of Fujian, China since 2017. While there is still limited understanding of the major physiological characteristics of G. catenatum isolated from Fujian coastal waters, the growth and toxin production of the G. catenatum strain were examined in batch cultures with different levels of irradiance, temperature, salinity, nitrate, and phosphate conditions. The results indicated that the highest maximum cell density of the strain was achieved at 70 µmol m− 2 s− 1, with the highest growth rate at 120 µmol m− 2 s− 1. The strain grew well within the temperature range of 15–30°C, with maximum growth rate and cell density achieved at 20°C. The dinoflagellate also showed higher tolerance to salinity variation (20–40), with the highest growth rate at salinity 25. Meanwhile, G. catenatum showed higher demand for nitrogen and phosphorus as indicated by its higher half saturation constant. Decrease in nitrate and phosphate greatly inhibited the growth of G. catenatum. The toxin profile of the G. catenatum strain was conservative and dominated mainly by the N-sulfcarbamoyl C-toxins (> 95%), indicating its hypotoxicity. The cellular toxicity increased with the algal growth, with the highest cellular toxicity observed at the stationary growth phase. The cellular toxicity of G. catenatum also responded to environmental variations including lower temperature (15°C), lower salinity (20), nitrate-repletion, and phosphate-depletion conditions which enhanced the cellular toxicity, while irradiance exerted non-significant influence. The present study depicted the physiological characteristics of the particular G. catenatum strain and provided valuable insight on the ecophysiology of G. catenatum in natural coastal waters.
Development of Fast and Precise Scan Mirror Mechanism for an Airborne Solar Telescope
Authors: Oba Takayoshi , Shimizu Toshifumi , Katsukawa Yukio , Kubo Masahito , Kawabata Yusuke , Hara Hirohisa , Uraguchi Fumihiro , Tsuzuki Toshihiro , Tamura Tomonori , Shinoda Kazuya , Kodeki Kazuhide , Fukushima Kazuhiko , Fernandez Jose Miguel Morales , Gomez Antonio Sanchez , Jimenez Maria Balaguer , Exposito David Hernandez , Gandorfer Achim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We developed a scan mirror mechanism (SMM) that enable a slit-based spectrometer or spectropolarimeter to precisely and quickly map an astronomical object. The SMM, designed to be installed in the optical path preceding the entrance slit, tilts a folding mirror and then moves the reflected image laterally on the slit plane, thereby feeding a different one-dimensional image to be dispersed by the spectroscopic equipment. In general, the SMM is required to scan quickly and broadly while precisely placing the slit position across the field-of-view (FOV). These performances are highly in demand for near-future observations, such as studies on the magnetohydrodynamics of the photosphere and the chromosphere. Our SMM implements a closed-loop control system by installing electromagnetic actuators and gap-based capacitance sensors. Our optical test measurements confirmed that the SMM fulfils the following performance criteria: i) supreme scan-step uniformity (linearity of 0.08%) across the wide scan range (±1005"), ii) high stability (3σ = 0.1"), where the angles are expressed in mechanical angle, and iii) fast stepping speed (26ms). The excellent capability of the SMM will be demonstrated soon in actual use by installing the mechanism for a near-infrared spectropolarimeter onboard the balloon-borne solar observatory for the third launch, Sunrise III.
Non-invasive MR thermometry monitoring in plasmonic photothermal therapy using gold nanorods
Authors: Yang Seung-Hyun , Jeong Kiyoung , Yang Jaemoon , Son Hye Young , Suh Jin-Suck , Huh Yong-Min , Oh Seung Jae 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study used magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry to investigate the temperature increases and thermal diffusion that occur during plasmonic photothermal therapy (PTT) with gold nanorods (GNRs). An artificial tumor phantom made of agarose gel containing GNRs was heated by irradiation with an 808 nm laser. The MR thermometer visualized the conditions: a well-localized temperature distribution with suppressed thermal diffusion that depended on laser power and irradiation time. A tumor phantom model was implanted in mice, and MR thermometry evaluated the temperature change in the presence and absence of GNRs and the thermal diffusion into the surrounding tissues. That experiment showed that MR thermometry can be a useful tool for monitoring PTT. These results suggest that MR temperature measurement could help to establish ideal laser irradiation conditions in GNR-mediated PTT, and that it has great potential for visualizing local photothermal induction and evaluating therapeutic effects.
Evaluation of heavy metal pollution along Alamedin River in Bishkek/Kyrgyzstan using woody species, Populus nigra (black poplar) and Salix fragilis (crack willow)
Authors: Abdikaimova Tamara , Dogan Ilhan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bishkek is the capital and the most populated city of Kyrgyzstan and home to small scale industrial plants. The city of Bishkek has started to suffer from a widespread pollution after showing a rapid industrial and economic development in recent years. In present work, woody species, Populus nigra (black poplar) and Salix fragilis (crack willow) chosen as study materials were used for monitoring research for the evaluation of heavy metal pollution. For the assessment of the rate of pollution in the region, the Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Pb and Zn contents of the parts of plants (leaves, stems and roots) and co-located soil samples collected from along Alamedin River passing through Bishkek were determined using ICP-OES. Our data showed that the levels of Cr, Fe, Ni and Pb were found to be above the allowable limits, especially in stations where located in the city in comparison with literature. This indicates that anthropogenic pressure in the city are getting being a serious problem.
Patient-Reported Outcomes following Cemented versus Cementless Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A comparative analysis based on propensity score matching
Authors: Ko Hyunkyu , Pelt Christopher E. , Martin Brook I. , Pellegrini Vincent D. , Lambourne The PEPPER Investigators 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Existing studies of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on fixation methods (cemented vs cementless) are limited to single centers with small sample sizes. Using data from the large, multicenter Comparative Effectiveness of Pulmonary Embolism Prevention After Hip and Knee Replacement (PEPPER) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02810704), we compared baseline and early post-operative global and condition-specific PROs between patients undergoing cemented versus cementless TKA.Methods: We examined prospectively collected pre- and post-operative (1, 3, and 6-months) outcomes in 5,961 patients undergoing primary TKA enrolled by 28 medical centers between 12/19/2016 and 8/31/2021. Outcomes included the short-form of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-Jr.), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Health (PROMIS-PH), and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). To minimize selection bias, we performed a 1-to-1 propensity score matched analysis to assess relative pre- to post-operative change in outcomes within and between cemented and cementless TKA groups.Results: Propensity score matching provided balanced covariates between TKA groups. With greater than 90% follow-up, significant pre to- post-operative improvements were observed in both groups. At 6 months, the cemented TKA group achieved a 3.3 point (55% of the Minimum Clinically Important Difference) greater improvement in the mean KOOS-Jr. (95%CI: 0.36, 6.30; P=0.028) than did the cementless group with no significant between-group differences in PROMIS-PH and NPRS. Conclusions: In a large cohort of primary TKAs, patients with cemented fixation reported early incremental benefit in KOOS-Jr. over those with cementless TKA. Future studies are warranted to capture longer follow-up of PROs.