bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil microbial diversity and community composition during conversion from conventional to organic agriculture
Authors: van Rijssel Sophie Q. , Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Koorneef Guusje J. , Bakx‐Schotman J. M. T. (Tanja) , ten Hooven Freddy C. , Geisen Stefan , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is generally assumed that the dependence of conventional agriculture on artificial fertilizers and pesticides strongly impacts the environment, while organic agriculture relying more on microbial functioning may mitigate these impacts. However, it is not well known how microbial diversity and community composition change in conventionally managed farmers' fields that are converted to organic management. Here, we sequenced bacterial and fungal communities of 34 organic fields on sand and marine clay soils in a time series (chronosequence) covering 25 years of conversion. Nearby conventional fields were used as references. We found that community composition of bacteria and fungi differed between organic and conventionally managed fields. In the organic fields, fungal diversity increased with time since conversion. However, this effect disappeared when the conventional paired fields were included. There was a relationship between pH and soil organic matter content and the diversity and community composition of bacteria and fungi. In marine clay soils, when time since organic management increased, fungal communities in organic fields became more dissimilar to those in conventional fields. We conclude that conversion to organic management in these Dutch farmers' fields did not increase microbial community diversity. Instead, we observed that in organic fields in marine clay when time since conversion increased soil fungal community composition became progressively dissimilar from that in conventional fields. Our results also showed that the paired sampling approach of organic and conventional fields was essential in order to control for environmental variation that was otherwise unaccounted for.
Could cattle dung burning have contributed to the epidemic of COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis in India? Results of an experimental aero‐mycological study
Authors: Kathirvel Soundappan , Muthu Valliappan , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash Mandya , Kaur Harsimran , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral hypotheses have been proposed for explaining the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated mucormycosis in India, including the burning of cattle dung cakes, though no study has yet been conducted to support this claim.MethodsWe conducted an aero‐mycological study to evaluate whether Mucorales in the air increased during or after burning cattle dung cakes. We further compared the growth of Mucorales in the indoor air samples from houses with and without cattle. We also cultured fresh and dried cattle dung and soil samples for Mucorales.ResultsWe noted no significant difference in the proportion of air samples growing Mucorales during (4/22 [18.2%]) and after (3/2 [13.6%]) cattle dung burning than that collected immediately before (4/22 [18.2%]). Mucorales were isolated in 15.4% of the indoor air samples obtained from different houses (both rural and urban); the proportion of samples growing Mucorales was not significantly different in households with and without cattle. We also observed growth of Mucorales in 6 of the 8 [75%] fresh and 3 of the 6 [50%] dried dung samples. The most common Mucorales isolated from soil and dung samples was Lichtheimia corymbifera, while Rhizopus arrhizus was the most common species isolated from indoor air samples.ConclusionsWe found no significant increase in the proportion of air samples growing Mucorales during or after burning cattle dung cake than that before. It seems unlikely that cattle dung burning contributes to the occurrence of mucormycosis.
High‐resolution in vivo monophasic gastric slow waves to quantify activation and recovery profiles
Authors: Han Henry , Cheng Leo K. , Paskaranandavadivel Niranchan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastric bio‐electrical slow waves are, in part, responsible for coordinating motility. Spatial dynamics about the recovery phase of slow wave recordings have not been thoroughly investigated due to the lack of suitable experimental techniques.MethodsA high‐resolution multi‐channel suction electrode array was developed and applied in pigs to acquire monophasic gastric slow waves. Signal characteristics were verified against biphasic slow waves recorded by conventional surface contact electrode arrays. Monophasic slow wave events were categorized into two groups based on their morphological characteristics, after which their amplitudes, activation to recovery intervals, and gradients were quantified and compared. Coverage of activation and recovery maps for both electrode types were calculated and compared.Key ResultsMonophasic slow waves had a more pronounced recovery phase with a higher gradient than biphasic slow waves (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mV·s−1). Between the 2 groups of monophasic slow waves, there was a significant difference in amplitude (1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2 mV), activation time gradient (0.8 ± 0.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mV·s−1), and recovery time gradient (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mV·s−1). For the suction and conventional contact electrode arrays, the recovery maps had reduced coverage compared to the activation maps (4 ± 6% and 43 ± 11%, respectively).Conclusions and InferencesA novel high‐resolution multi‐channel suction electrode array was developed and applied in vivo to record monophasic gastric slow waves. Slow wave recovery phase analysis could be performed more efficiently on monophasic signals compared with biphasic signals, due to the more identifiable recovery phases.
PI3Kγ is a novel regulator of TNFα signaling in the human colon cell line HT29/B6
Authors: Klaus Franz‐Leonard , Kirsch Cornelia , Müller Jörg P. , Huber Otmar , Reiche Juliane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of enzymes phosphorylating phospholipids in the membrane, thereby, promoting the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. PI3Ks are involved in a variety of fundamental cellular functions, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)‐induced tight junction (TJ) impairment—a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases. Most of the studies analyzing the role of class I PI3K signaling in epithelial barrier maintenance did not decipher which of the isoforms are responsible for the observed effects. By using wild‐type and PI3Kγ‐deficient HT‐29/B6 cells, we characterized the functional role of PI3Kγ in these cells under inflammatory conditions. Measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular flux of macromolecules revealed that monolayers of PI3Kγ‐deficient cells, compared with wild‐type cells, were protected against TNFα‐induced barrier dysfunction. This effect was independent of any PI3K activity because treatment with a pan‐PI3K inhibitor did not alter this observation. By immunostaining, we found correlative changes in the distribution of the TJ marker ZO‐1. Furthermore, the absence of PI3Kγ reduced the basal level of the pore‐forming TJ protein claudin‐2. Our study suggests a novel noncanonical, kinase‐independent scaffolding function of PI3Kγ in TNFα‐induced barrier dysfunction.
Efficacy of quadratus lumborum block on postoperative pain and side effects in patients who underwent urological surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cai Qiang , Liu Guoqing , Liu Zengchen , Gao Meiling , Huang Linsheng , He Fuhai , Liu Shangyu , Lin Yunhua , Wei Huixia , Dou Zhiqian , Liu Dexi , Hu Yang , Gong Xingrui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound‐guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is considered a novel nerve block for postoperative pain control. However, its efficacy after urological surgery remains unclear.ObjectivesThe purpose of the current meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effects of the QLB block versus control (placebo or no injection) on postoperative pain and other adverse outcomes after urological surgery, providing extensive evidence of whether quadratus lumborum block is suitable for pain management after urological surgery.Study designSystematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov to collect studies investigating the effects of QLB on analgesia after urological surgery. The primary outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and during movement, 24‐h postoperative morphine consumption, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).ResultsOverall, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were reviewed, including 751 patients who underwent urological surgery. The QLB group exhibited a lower VAS score postoperatively at rest or on movement at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h, with less 24‐h postoperative morphine consumption and lower incidence of PONV.LimitationsAlthough the result is stable, heterogeneity exists in the current research.ConclusionsQLB exhibited a favorable effect of postoperative analgesia with reduced postoperative complications at rest or during movement after urological surgery. However, it is still a novel technology at a primary stage, which needs further research to develop.
Captaining Men's Souls: Richard Hakluyt's Ministerial Works
Authors: Stevenson Emily 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRichard Hakluyt, author of the major geographic compendium The Principal Navigations (1589; 1598–1600) spent much of his life in service to the English church, describing himself late in his career as ‘one publikely and anciently devoted to God's service’. Despite this, his religious profession has often been viewed within scholarship as secondary to his geographic work, and the apparent absence of any explicitly religious writings has made the details of his own beliefs difficult to ascertain. This article sheds fresh light on both Hakluyt's religious beliefs and their importance to his geographic works through analysis of previously unexamined manuscript notes form the early 1580s. These notes cover a lecture focusing on the third article and a sermon exhorting the need for ministerial vocations, both given by Hakluyt while at the University of Oxford, and offer insight into his religious beliefs. The analysis offered in this article demonstrates the integral importance of religion to Hakluyt's geographic work while simultaneously locating him within a wide continental network of theologians and writers to reassess the impact and reach of his ministerial role.
On Equity and Inequity in Thomas Hobbes's Dialogue
Authors: Corbin Thomas A. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe concept of equity is clearly important in Thomas Hobbes's philosophy. In his writings he repeatedly employs it in significant load bearing ways, particularly in the areas of civil law and governance. Equity is, however, not directly addressed in a sustained way in his core works and—perhaps even more frustratingly—it is often applied in ways which ask more questions about the concept than they answer. This presents an impediment to accurately understanding what equity really means to Hobbes. His late Dialogue Between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England (1681) seems to offer a solution to this challenge. This work contains extensive discussion on equity, including on the application of equity in relationship to absolute rule. However, equity in the Dialogue is not always the same as what we see in Hobbes's core works. The question is, did Hobbes change his mind on equity? This article argues no. Hobbes did not change his mind on equity; rather, within the Dialogue he is engaging with a common understanding of the term as it existed in English law. Consequently, Hobbes's discussions here should not inform us about how equity fits into his philosophy.
Justifications for not sanctioning welfare clients: Social workers' implementation of the “wastage of resources” sanctioning directive in Poland
Authors: Trochymiak Mateusz Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSanctioning welfare clients has become a fundamental practice for social policy based on behavioural conditionality. Although sanctioning practices have received attention in research focused on street‐level work, the way in which sanctioning practices are structured in an institutional context and used by caseworkers should be explored further. This study examines the implementation of the “wastage of resources” sanctioning directive in Polish social welfare offices, based on interviews with social workers and case studies conducted between 2019 and 2021. A research framework based on the street‐level work concept was used to indicate that sanctions were rarely used by social workers because of the administrative justification process, which overwhelmed them with the responsibility of proving sanction‐worthy circumstances. Catalogues of sanction‐worthy situations are developed by local‐level policy agents, social workers, welfare office managers, municipal courts and clients. However, generally, social workers adapt to the given context by disciplining clients informally and avoiding formal sanctions.
Ramifications of crop residue loading for soil microbial community composition, activity and nutrient supply
Authors: Lupwayi Newton Z. , Ellert Benjamin H. , Bremer Eric , Smith Elwin G. , Petri Renee M. , Neilson Jonathan A. D. , Janzen H. Henry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVariable results have been reported on the effects of crop residue loads on soil microbial properties. We investigated changes in soil bacterial composition, β‐glucosidase enzyme activity and nutrient bioavailability in response to wheat residue loading. The treatments included three levels of above‐ground wheat residues (removed, retained or supplemented), with or without fertilizer N. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia (the first two are copiotrophs) were less abundant where residues were removed than where residues were retained or supplemented, but the reverse was true for Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae (all oligotrophs, although some Actinobacteria can be copiotrophic). Actinobacteria were also less abundant where fertilizer N was applied, and the abundances of their genera (including Arthrobacter and Mycobacterium) increased where residues were removed, confirming that they were oligotrophic in this study. β‐diversity showed similar differences in the bacterial community structures because of residue management, but α‐diversity was not affected by residue management or N fertilizer. β‐glucosidase enzyme activities increased as C inputs increased with residue manipulation and N fertilizer. The enzyme activities increased with increasing residue loading in the 0–15 cm soil depth, but decreased with soil depth. Soil K supply increased with increasing residue loading, but nitrate‐N supply was highest with residue retention. These results demonstrate remarkable resilience of soil microbial functioning under a wide range of crop residue inputs, without adverse effects on enzyme activity attributable to inorganic N fertilizer. The increasing β‐glucosidase activity with increasing residue loading probably explains why crop residue return does not always increase soil C stocks.
Is price undertaking a more friendly protection policy than an anti‐dumping duty?1
Authors: Peng Cheng‐Hau , Hwang Hong , Kao Kuo‐Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is generally believed that price undertaking is a more amicable protection policy for a foreign dumping firm than an anti‐dumping (AD) duty as the former allows the foreign dumping firm to keep the duty rents. However, this result contradicts the empirical finding in, who shows that only 41% of anti‐dumping measures in EEC end up with price undertaking in 1981–2001, even though firms can commit to a minimum price instead of being imposed with an anti‐dumping duty. From the perspective of the dumping firm, this paper shows that whether the price‐undertaking police is more or less amicable than the AD duty is contingent upon the competition modes of the firms in the industry.
A qualitative descriptive study of the role of nurse, allied health and physician middle managers who function as knowledge brokers in hospitals
Authors: Boutcher Faith , Berta Whitney B. , Urquhart Robin , Gagliardi Anna R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge brokers (KB) are increasingly being employed in health care to implement evidence‐based practice and improve quality of care. Middle managers (MMs) may play a KB role in the implementation of an innovative or evidence‐based practice in hospitals. However, how MMs' broker knowledge in hospitals and their impact on practice has not been adequately studied.AimTo describe the role that MMs play in brokering knowledge in hospitals and their impact.MethodA qualitative descriptive study was conducted to generate a detailed description of MM experiences as KBs in hospitals. Data were collected using semi‐structured telephone interviews with MMs in Ontario, Canada. Participants were purposively sampled to ensure variation in MM characteristics and a diverse representation of perspectives. Data were collected and analyzed concurrently using an inductive constant comparative approach.ResultsTwenty‐one MMs from teaching and non‐teaching hospitals participated. MMs described 10 roles and activities they enacted in hospitals that aligned with published KB roles. We found differences across professional groups and hospital type. Teaching status emerged as a potential factor relating to how MM KBs were able to function within hospitals. MMs reported enhanced patient, provider, and organizational outcomes.Linking Evidence to ActionMiddle managers may play an important KB role in the implementation of evidence‐based practice in hospitals. An improved understanding of the KB roles that MMs play may be important in boosting evidence base practice in health care to ultimately improve quality of care. Administrators need a better understanding of the current KB roles and activities MMs enact as this may lead to more organizational structures to support MM KBs in health care.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Hemming: A Materials Processing Technology for Mechanical Joints
Authors: Gürgen Selim , Pruncu Catalin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hemming is a material processing technology widely used in major sectors such as automotive and aerospace industries. As a mechanical joining process, hemming is applied to sheet metal components to build structural assemblies. In conventional hemming methods, dies and presses are used by designing product-specific tooling. In recent years, robot technologies have been integrated into this specific process to benefit from the advantages of flexible manufacturing systems. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review of the hemming process is presented based on a literature review. Since there is no background of collected works and systematic reviews, this work summarizes all the details and key points about hemming. This review fulfills the need for compiled knowledge at the right time because of two main reasons. First, there is no review currently on this issue to enlighten both industry and academia. Second, hemming technologies have been enhanced by the leading industrial companies without any contributions of written sources to the literature. In this work, the evolution of hemming technology is given from past to present. Deformation mechanisms in different hemming methods are presented. Effects of process parameters are discussed in terms of product quality, mechanics of materials, and manufacturing aspects. Lastly, recent developments in hemming technologies are given. Despite the availability of alternative joining methods, hemming remains at the forefront of metal joining processes due to its unrivaled simplicity.
Crustal transpressional fault geometry influenced by viscous lower crustal flow
Authors: Yang Haibin , Moresi Louis N. , Quigley Mark , Kahraman Metin , Kalafat Doğan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe San Andreas fault (California, USA) is near vertical at shallow (&lt;10 km) depth. Geophysical surveys along the San Andreas fault reveal that, at depths of 10–20 km, it dips ~50–70° to the southwest near the Western Transverse Ranges and dips northeast in the San Gorgonio region. We investigate the possible origin of along-strike geometric variations of the fault using a three-dimensional thermomechanical model. For two blocks separated by transpressional faults, our model shows that viscous lower crustal material moves from the high-viscosity block into the low-viscosity block. Fault plane-normal flow in the viscous lower crust rotates the fault plane due to the simple shear flow at the brittle-ductile transition depth. This occurs irrespective of initial fault dip direction. Rheological variations used to model the lower crust of Southern California are verified by independent observations. Block extrusion due to lower crustal viscosity variation facilitates the formation of the Garlock Fault and sustains the geometric complexity of the fault.
Eruptive tempo of Emeishan large igneous province, southwestern China and northern Vietnam: Relations to biotic crises and paleoclimate changes around the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary
Authors: Huang Hu , Huyskens Magdalena H. , Yin Qing-Zhu , Cawood Peter A. , Hou Mingcai , Yang Jianghai , Xiong Fuhao , Du Yuansheng , Yang Chenchen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Emeishan large igneous province (LIP), southwestern China and northern Vietnam, is thought to have been a potential driver for the biotic crises and paleoclimate changes around the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary (GLB; Permian), but the lack of high-precision radiometric dates to constrain the duration and eruption rates of the volcanism has limited the assessment of their relationship. We present new chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–isotope ratio mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon geochronology of three samples from the lowermost and uppermost parts of the volcanic succession in the central portion of the Emeishan LIP. The results demonstrate that Emeishan volcanism began by 260.55 ± 0.07 Ma and persisted until at least 257.22 ± 0.37 Ma. Combined with a previously published age of 259.1 ± 0.5 Ma for silicic ignimbrites, we estimate that ~85% of Emeishan LIP volume erupted within 1.45 ± 0.50 m.y. Our new results confirm that the Emeishan volcanism began slightly prior to the initiation of the associated mass extinction event and was contemporaneous with the associated warming interval. The new data support the hypothesis that the Emeishan LIP likely triggered the biotic crises and paleoclimate changes around the GLB.