bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gridded 30‐year days of thunder climatology for the United Kingdom
Authors: Stone Edmund Keith , Horseman Andrew , Odams Paul , Marlton Graeme 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLightning and associated weather (e.g., hail, severe wind, tornado, and heavy rain) can cause severe impacts; therefore, it is important to understand how frequently thunderstorms occur and how the frequency might be changing with time. Published studies until now have been limited to relatively short time periods or extrapolated from low‐resolution surface data. This article presents the methods and results to combine long‐range lightning location network data (precise but inconsistent) with surface observations (less precise but more consistent) to generate a more consistent, more precise gridded days of thunder (DoTs) dataset for the United Kingdom. Both a 30‐year average (1990–2019) and rolling 10‐year averages are evaluated. For the 30‐year averages there is a maximum of ∼ DoTs per year within the domain (over France) with a minimum of between 0 and 1 DoT per year (over the sea), with most of the UK land area having ∼ DoTs per year. The summer shows the peak in DoTs relative to the other seasons. The 10‐year moving averages at either end of the 30 years allow for the trend in DoTs to be assessed. There has been a small (∼ day) reduction in the average DoTs. There is a noteworthy north–south divide (at ∼ N) with a small increase in the number of DoTs per year in the north of the UK and a small reduction in the south. The trends in 10‐year averages of DoTs are analysed for different regions of the United Kingdom (north land, south land, sea, land) over the four seasons. North land summer shows a small (∼) increase in DoTs. All the other areas show a decrease.
Comparisons of some memory‐type control chart for monitoring Weibull‐distributed time between events and some new results
Authors: Li Jin , Yu Dan , Song Zhi , Mukherjee Amitava , Chen Rui , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonitoring Weibull time between event (TBE) processes is essential to avoid deterioration of quality characteristics in various reliability analysis problems. Statistical process monitoring (SPM) charts are widely used to monitor the possible decreasing mean shift. For monitoring such data, many control charts have been proposed in the literature, such as the Weibull exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart, the Weibull cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart, and Mixed EWMA–CUSUM (MEC) chart and Mixed Hybrid EWMA–CUSUM (MHEC) chart. The current investigation revisits their efficacy and compares them with a CUSUM chart based on the generally weighted moving average (GWMA) statistic, labelled as the Mixed GWMA–CUSUM (MGC) chart, to monitor the decreasing mean shift in Weibull TBEs processes. We offer some numerical results based on the Monte‐Carlo simulation, such as average run length (ARL), the standard deviation of the run length (SDRL) and the relative mean index (RMI). Our findings show that the MGC chart often outperforms the existing control charts in detecting small downward shifts. Finally, an illustrative example is given to display the application of the MGC chart for Weibulll data.
Emergency remote English language teaching and learning: Voices of primary school students and teachers in Kazakhstan
Authors: Hajar Anas , Manan Syed Abdul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis qualitative study documents the experiences of 38 Grade 5 students and their six female teachers from four state‐maintained schools in Kazakhstan teaching/learning English during emergency remote teaching and learning (ERT&L). It was guided by Kearney et al.’s (2012) framework that provides three dimensions that influence individuals’ teaching and learning experience when using technological devices: personalisation, collaboration and authenticity. The data collected through online individual interviews and students’ drawings suggest that the participants asserted their agentive reflexivity and critical awareness of the advantages and drawbacks of their ERT&L experiences. Several teachers indicated that although ERT&L helped them make financial and professional gains, they had difficulty assessing their students’ progress online, and work overload had negative impacts on their well‐being and quality of life. Many students criticised some English teaching practices during COVID‐19, including the allocation of more homework, and lack of co‐operative activities and individual attention. The study has pedagogical implications and provides further evidence of the need for stakeholders to take the well‐being of teachers into account, promote collaboration between different social actors and provide teachers with proper training in the use of online platforms. It also stresses the importance of using participatory research methods involving children to capture their thoughts and interpretation of their emergency remote learning experiences.
Establishment of mouse line showing inducible priapism‐like phenotypes
Authors: Hashimoto Daiki , Fujimoto Kota , Morioka Shin , Ayabe Shinya , Kataoka Tomoya , Fukumura Ryutaro , Ueda Yuko , Kajimoto Mizuki , Hyuga Taiju , Suzuki Kentaro , Hara Isao , Asamura Shinichi , Wakana Shigeharu , Yoshiki Atsushi , Gondo Yoichi , Tamura Masaru , Sasaki Takehiko , Yamada Gen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposePenile research is expected to reveal new targets for treatment and prevention of the complex mechanisms of its disorder including erectile dysfunction (ED). Thus, analyses of the molecular processes of penile ED and continuous erection as priapism are essential issues of reproductive medicine.MethodsBy performing mouse N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis and exome sequencing, we established a novel mouse line displaying protruded genitalia phenotype (PGP; priapism‐like phenotype) and identified a novel Pitpna gene mutation for PGP. Extensive histological analyses on the Pitpna mutant and intracavernous pressure measurement (ICP) and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI/MS)/MS analyses were performed.ResultsWe evaluated the role of phospholipids during erection for the first time and showed the mutants of inducible phenotypes of priapism. Moreover, quantitative analysis using LC–ESI/MS/MS revealed that the level of phosphatidylinositol (PI) was significantly lower in the mutant penile samples. These results imply that PI may contribute to penile erection by PITPα.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the current mutant is a mouse model for priapism and abnormalities in PI signaling pathways through PITPα may lead to priapism providing an attractive novel therapeutic target in its treatment.
Fault estimate and fault‐tolerant control for hybrid systems based on the extended state method
Authors: Zhu Xiaodan , Xia Yuanqing , Li Wuquan , Hu Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article solves the fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control problem for discrete‐time hybrid systems containing actuator and sensor faults. A novel extended state observer is shown to estimate states and faults of systems, simultaneously. Based on the utilized estimations, a fault‐tolerant controller is proposed so that stochastic stability of closed‐loop models with level is analyzed and sufficient conditions are obtained. A simulation example is given to prove this proposed strategy's effectiveness.
Absolute stability of switched Lurie systems via dwell time switching
Authors: Zhao Wenxiu , Sun Yuangong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article deals with the absolute stability problem of switched Lurie systems. By constructing two types of switched time‐varying Lyapunov–Lurie functions, sufficient conditions in terms of linear‐matrix inequalities are proposed to ensure that the switched Lurie system is absolutely stable under mode‐dependent dwell time switching signals. Furthermore, the conservatism of the proposed method for absolute stability analysis is studied. The given results are illustrated by numerical examples.
Visualizing the Surface Photocurrent Distribution in Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhu Guang‐Peng , Li Xiang , Lou Yan‐Hui , Dong Chong , Wang Kai‐Li , Yuan Shuai , Chen Chun‐Hao , Shi Yi‐Ran , Wang Tao , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDefect states play an important role in the photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskites. Particularly, the passivation of surface defects has made great contributions to high‐performance perovskite photovoltaics. This highlights the importance of understanding the surface defects from a fundamental level by developing more accurate and operando characterization techniques. Herein, a strategy to enable the surface carriers and photocurrent distributions on perovskite films to be visualized in the horizontal direction is put forward. The visual image of photocurrent distribution is realized by combining the static local distribution of carriers provided by scanning near‐field optical microscopy with the dynamic transporting of carriers achieved via a scanning photocurrent measurement system. Taking a surface passivated molecule as an example, a comprehensive defect scene including static and dynamic as well as local and entire conditions is obtained using this strategy. The comprehensive analysis of the trap states in perovskite films is pioneered vertically and horizontally, which will powerfully promote the deep understanding of defect mechanisms and carrier behavior for the goal of fabricating high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Fostering the diversity of exploratory testing in web applications
Authors: Leveau Julien , Blanc Xavier , Réveillère Laurent , Falleri Jean‐Rémy , Rouvoy Romain 
Published: June 2022

SummaryExploratory testing (ET) is a software testing approach that complements automated testing by leveraging business expertise. It has gained momentum over the last decades as it appeals testers to exploit their business knowledge to stress the system under test (SUT). Exploratory tests, unlike automated tests, are defined and executed on‐the‐fly by testers. However, testers who perform exploratory tests may be biased by their experience and, incidentally, miss anomalies or unusual interactions proposed by the SUT. This is even more complex in the context of web applications, which typically expose a huge number of interaction paths to their users. As testers of these applications cannot remember all the sequences of interactions they performed, they may fail to deeply explore the application scope. This article, therefore, introduces a new approach to assist testers in widely exploring any web application. In particular, our approach monitors the online interactions performed by the testers to suggest in real‐time the probabilities of performing next interactions. Looking at these probabilities, we claim that the testers who favour interactions that have a low probability (because they were rarely performed), will increase the diversity of their explorations. Our approach defines a prediction model, based on ‐grams, that encodes the history of past interactions and that supports the estimation of the probabilities. Integrated within a web browser extension, it automatically and transparently injects feedback within the application itself. We conduct a controlled experiment and a qualitative study to assess our approach. Results show that it prevents testers to be trapped in already tested loops, and succeeds to assist them in performing deeper explorations of the SUT.
A Self‐contained Trimmable Low Quiescent Current Overvoltage Detector
Authors: Yuan Yidong , Ren Ping , Li Jiping , Hu Weibo , Zhao Yiqiang , Xiao Zhiming 
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a low‐power self‐contained overvoltage detector. Compared with conventional detectors that consist of stacked Zener diodes, the proposed structure can trim the threshold with binary codes to accommodate system‐level changes. The proposed structure enables trimming by adding a decoder, a biasing circuit, and switches in parallel with Zener diodes. The newly configured structure forms a standalone detector that can operate independently and be powered from the supply under detection with negligible current addition. The proposed structure is applicable to any high‐voltage process that contains N‐type isolation layer and needs no high‐voltage device. The proposed circuit with three bits adjustment circuit was fabricated in a 0.18 μm Bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS (BCD) process, the overvoltage threshold can be adjusted from 8 to 38 V with post trim variation of ±2.5 V. The measured quiescent current was around 0 μA at 10 V and 28 μA at 38 V, which was comparable to the current consumption in a conventional structure with 38 V overvoltage threshold. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Efficiency Optimization Method of Static Wireless Power Transfer Coreless Coils for Electric Vehicles in the 85 kHz Band Using Numerical Analysis
Authors: Yamada Yuto , Imura Takehiro 
Published: June 2022

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has been attracting a lot of attention in recent years for its ability to greatly improve the convenience of our lives. Moreover, WPT for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has become an important key to the spread of EVs. The efficiency of WPT using magnetic field resonant coupling can be evaluated by the kQ product, but the optimal coil design method to maximize the kQ product at a specific frequency has not yet been established. In this paper, taking the Test station GA‐WPT1 and the Test station VA‐WPT1/Z3 of SAE J2954, which is officially defined as the standard for WPT while the electric vehicle is stationary in October 2020, as examples, the coil parameters that maximize the kQ product in the case of the coreless are determined according to the proposed method. An efficiency of 99.13% was obtained with a transmission distance of 200 mm and the number of turns of N1 = 34 and N2 = 30. Also, since all analyses can be derived immediately except for the analysis of the Litz wire to be used, the optimization time could be reduced significantly compared with the electromagnetic field analysis. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Operation Principle and Influence of the Sub‐Harmonic Component Utilized in the Brushless Hybrid Excited Machine with PM in Rotor
Authors: Liu Liwen , Li Hongmei , Wang Jiabing , Wang Jinyu 
Published: June 2022

Hybrid excited machine (HEM) is a novel type of machine which has attracted much attention as it is able to adjust the flux linkage flexibly and ensure the wide speed range operation. In this paper, a novel brushless HEM with permanent magnet (PM) located in rotor is further researched. By supplying specific armature currents, the sub‐harmonic component magnetomotive force (MMF) in stator MMF would be generated and utilized to realize the brushless hybrid excited operation. Firstly, the generation principle of the sub‐harmonic component is derived analytically. Secondly, during the brushless hybrid excited operation, the influence of the stator current amplitude ratio is quantitatively studied. Thirdly, based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA), the electromagnetic performance of the brushless HEM is analyzed under different operation statuses over a wide speed range. At last, the experiment is performed based on a 6 kW brushless HEM prototype machine, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis and FEA results are validated by the test. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Idiopathic polyhydramnios and pregnancy outcome: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pagan M. , Magann E. F. , Rabie N. , Steelman S. C. , Hu Z. , Ounpraseuth S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo analyze outcomes of singleton pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsElectronic databases, including MEDLINE, OVID, EBSCO, Cochrane collection and Science Citation Index, were searched from 1946 to 2019. Gray literature and tables of contents of relevant journals were also screened. Prospective and retrospective studies with a control group were included. Two authors independently reviewed the abstracts retrieved from the literature search. Inclusion criteria were: studies documented in English, singleton pregnancy and idiopathic polyhydramnios determined by amniotic fluid volume assessment on ultrasound. Exclusion criteria were: maternal diabetes, fetal structural or chromosomal anomaly, alloimmunization and intrauterine fetal infection.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria, giving a total of 2392 patients with idiopathic polyhydramnios and 160 135 patients with normal amniotic fluid volume. Pregnancies complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios were at a higher risk of neonatal death (odds ratio (OR), 8.68 (95% CI, 2.91–25.87)), intrauterine fetal demise (OR, 7.64 (95% CI, 2.50–23.38)), neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR, 1.94 (95% CI, 1.45–2.59)), 5‐min Apgar score < 7 (OR, 2.21 (95% CI, 1.34–3.62)), macrosomia (OR, 2.93 (95% CI, 2.39–3.59)), malpresentation (OR, 2.73 (95% CI, 2.06–3.61)) and Cesarean delivery (OR, 2.31 (95% CI, 1.79–2.99)).ConclusionsThis study suggests that pregnancies complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios are at increased risk of adverse outcome. Future investigations should aim to determine an amniotic fluid volume threshold above which antenatal fetal surveillance is appropriate in the management of these pregnancies. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Modeling and analysis approaches for small‐signal stability assessment of power‐electronic‐dominated systems
Authors: Cheah‐Mane Marc , Egea‐Alvarez Agusti , Prieto‐Araujo Eduardo , Mehrjerdi Hasan , Gomis‐Bellmunt Oriol , Xu Lie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe stability, operation, and control of power networks have been challenged due to the increased penetration of power electronic converters. New instability phenomena have appeared due to the interaction of the power converter controllers with other power network elements, including other power converters. Small‐signal tools have been proved effective to identify and mitigate stability issues but their development is still ongoing. This article presents the state of the art on small‐signal modeling and stability assessment of converter‐dominated networks. The modeling of converters and other power system components is reviewed, as well as the most common small‐signal analysis techniques employed in conventional and modern power systems with power electronics. Two case studies are introduced to exemplify the modeling and stability analysis, employing some of the techniques presented in the article.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Power Systems > Distributed Generation
Exploring the Role of Organic Functional Groups in the Ionothermal Synthesis of Uranyl Phosphate Materials
Authors: Kohlgruber Tsuyoshi A. , Felton Daniel E. , Traustason Hrafn , Burns Peter C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFour new hybrid organic‐inorganic uranyl phosphate compounds were structurally characterized after single crystals were grown via ionothermal synthesis using the ionic liquids 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate. Three of the new crystal structures presented here incorporate dimethyl or monomethyl phosphate ligands into the structural unit to form one chain‐based compound and two sheet‐based compounds. One of the structures utilizes dibutyl phosphate to form a previously reported uranyl compound, a structural polymorph that crystallized in space groupP21/cin contrast to the previously reportedP‐1 structure. The structural and topological relationships are compared to those of uranyl phosphate minerals as well as previously reported organophosphate compounds. The roles of the organics on the phosphate anions in impacting uranyl coordination and stabilizing the crystal structures are discussed.
Breeding history and husbandry of the Raggiana Bird‐of‐paradise (Paradisaea raggiana)
Authors: Theule Jessica , Rimlinger David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Raggiana Bird‐of‐paradise (Paradisaea raggiana) has been held by the San Diego Zoo for more than 50 years, but the population remained in low numbers until the mid‐1990s. A previous article published in 1997 documented the beginning of the rise in the population; however, no new information has been published since that time. Over the past 25 years, behavioral observations by animal staff have led to improvements in husbandry techniques, which includes artificial incubation of eggs and hand‐rearing of chicks. The ability to simulate a lek with various housing arrangements, in which the males can display with each other, be given access to a female for copulation, and then be separated again has proven paramount for breeding success. Additionally, females are allowed mate choice, further mimicking natural behaviors observed by this species. The refinement of these methods has led to a greater number of fertile eggs as well as higher hatchability and survivability, which in turn has resulted in a significant increase in the captive population.
Obstacles and Optimisation of Oncology Services in India
Authors: Katdare Ninad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndia is a land of huge geographical, demographic and economic variations. As such, it has a very heterogeneous population and huge variations in the socio-economic status, access to health care and literacy. These provide unique challenges in the development of health-care policies. With other pressing health issues like malnutrition, maternal and child’s health and infectious diseases, there are no nationwide policies for cancer care. In addition to this, the health-care budget allocation compared to developed countries is abysmal. This has led to inequities in the distribution and availability of cancer care in India. With a majority of the patients ending up in the private sector for treatment, and because of misuse of technology in cancer care for profit because of dysregulated health care, there is inequity in distribution of cancer care. Lack of affordable care and inaccessible areas lead to many patients presenting very late and or dropping out of treatment, thus adversely affecting the prognosis. This is reflected in a disproportionately high mortality to incidence ratio. In this chapter, we will see the obstacles faced and the optimisation efforts to improve cancer care in India.
Challenges in Developing Pediatric Cancer Care in Armenia
Authors: Tamamyan Gevorg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn developed countries, four out of five children with cancer get cured, but in developing countries, the situation is the opposite. Armenia, being among the low- and middle-income countries, currently has survival rates of pediatric cancer close to the high-income countries.In this chapter, I summarized the achievements and challenges of generations of pediatric hematologists/oncologists and nurses in Armenia, who made this development happen.
Continuing Education for the Young Oncology Workforce in Portugal
Authors: de Paulo Judy Vicente 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I will be describing the challenges that young oncologists meet during their residency and how the Portuguese Society of Oncology met these challenges by implementing a series of trainings and adapting them during the COVID-19 pandemic to a virtual/blended format.The series of courses covers aspects of professional training that are not or insufficiently part of medical school training: a welcome course, a master class covering all cancer types, training skills in communication, statistics, oncological emergencies, formation in cancer research, support and palliative care, and more recently medical writing. Even though their educational aspect is central to the activities, a welcome side effect is a professional interchange among peers of the same generation leading to robust networking and resilience, a desired trait in this line of work.