bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Three-Dimensional Thermal Simulation of a Fin Field-Effect Transistor With Electron–Phonon Heat Generation, Three Phonon Scattering, and Drift With Periodic Switching
Authors: Medlar Michael P. , Hensel Edward C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems shows Fin field-effect transistor (FET) array transistors as the mainstream structure for logic devices. Traditional methods of Fourier heat transfer analysis that are typical of Technology computer-aided design (tcad) software are invalid at the length and time scales associated with these devices. Traditional models for phonon transport modeling have not demonstrated the ability to accurately model three dimensional (3-d), transient transistor thermal responses. An engineering design tool is needed to accurately predict the thermal response of FinFET transistor arrays. The statistical phonon transport model (SPTM) was applied in a 3-d, transient manner to predict nonequilibrium phonon transport in an silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-FinFET array transistor with a 60 nm long fin and a 20 nm channel length. A heat generation profile from electron–phonon scattering was applied in a transient manner to model switching. Simulation results indicated an excess build-up of up to 17% optical phonons giving rise to transient local temperature hot spots of 37 K in the drain region. The local build-up of excess optical phonons in the drain region has implications on performance and reliability. The SPTM is a valid engineering design tool for evaluating the thermal performance of emergent proposed FinFET transistor designs. The phonon fidelity of the SPTM is greater than Monte Carlo and the Boltzmann Transport Equation and the length scale and time scale fidelity of the SPTM is better than direct atomic simulation.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics Study in Solar Air Heater Employing Impinging Circular Air Jet Array for Effective Jet Stability
Authors: Chaurasiya Shailendra Kumar , Singh Satyender 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This experimental and numerical investigation is intended to increase heat transfer, reduce pumping power, and present important guidelines on the use of confined submerged air jet impingement in solar air heater designs that employ an array of circular air jets for high thermohydraulic performance. In order to increase thermohydraulic performance, a novel approach is adopted, i.e., by improving jet stability and consequently jet deflection that gives origination to four solar air heater designs for this investigation. The obtained numerical results revealed that thermohydraulic performance improves significantly by stabilizing the air jet array, which means lowering the jet deflection. The thermohydraulic performance of design-I is high compared to design-II, design-III, and design-IV, both at equal mass flow rate and Reynolds number. Moreover, design-I presents 20%, 33%, and 52% relative improvement in deviation angle of the jet core compared to design-II, design-III, and design-IV, respectively, at a minimum mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s and Reynolds number of Re=2000, respectively. In addition, correlations to define heat transfer and fluid dynamics characteristics are established. An important guideline upon the use of solar air heater with jet impingement is that a solar air heater of short length and height (jet and plate spacing), and large width should be used for high thermohydraulic performance.
Shear Band Control for Improved Strength-Ductility Synergy in Metallic Glasses
Authors: Sha Zhendong , Teng Yun , Poh Leong Hien , Wang Tiejun , Gao Huajian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aside from ultrahigh strength and elasticity, metallic glasses (MGs) possess a number of favorable properties. However, their lack of dislocation based plastic deformation mechanisms in crystalline metals and the resulting loss of ductility have restricted the engineering applications of MGs over the last 60 years. This review aims to provide an overview of deformation and failure mechanisms of MGs via formation and propagation of shear bands (SBs), with an emphasis on the control of SBs to promote strength-ductility synergy. With this goal in mind, we highlight some of the emerging strategies to improve the ductility of MGs. Topics covered include postprocessing techniques such as precompression, heterogeneity tuning, and rejuvenation, with a primary focus on recent progresses in structural design based methods including nanoglasses, notched MGs, and MG nanolattices, as future innovations toward strength-ductility synergy beyond the current benchmark ranges.
Effect of Exercise on Carotid Artery Intima–Media Thickness in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yiyan , Wu Hengjing , Sun Jie , Wei Minqian , Wang Jiaqi , Li Husheng , Wu Xubo , Wu Jing 
Published: October 2022

Background: Carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) is a validated surrogate marker of atherosclerosis that is independently associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies on the effect of exercise on cIMT have yielded conflicting results. Methods: Studies that were available up until October 30, 2021 from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were included in the analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine the effects of the type, intensity, and duration of exercise on cIMT. Results: This review included 26 studies with 1370 participants. Compared with control participants, those who engaged in exercise showed a decline in cIMT (weighted mean difference [WMD] −0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.03 to −0.01; I2 = 90.1%). Participants who engaged in aerobic (WMD −0.02; 95% CI, −0.04 to −0.01; I2 = 52.7%) or resistance (WMD −0.01; 95% CI, −0.02 to −0.00; I2 = 38.5%) exercise showed lower cIMT compared with control participants. An exercise duration of >6 months was associated with a 0.02 mm reduction in cIMT. In participants with low cIMT at baseline (<0.7 mm), exercise alone was not associated with a change in cIMT (WMD −0.01; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.00; I2 = 93.9%). Conclusions: Exercise was associated with reduced cIMT in adults. Aerobic exercise is associated with a greater decline in cIMT than other forms of exercise. Large, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are required to establish optimal exercise protocols for improving the pathological process of atherosclerosis.
Neighbourhood natural space and the narrowing of socioeconomic inequality in years of life lost: a cross-sectional ecological analysis of the Scottish Burden of Disease
Authors: Nicholls Natalie , Caryl Fiona , Olsen Jonathan R , Mitchell Richard 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundNatural space is associated with reduced risk of, and narrower socioeconomic inequalities in, diseases that affect older populations, and some contributors to premature mortality in younger individuals. Burden of disease measures such as years of life lost (YLL) are influenced by premature poor health and death. We hypothesised some association between natural space and both rates of and inequalities in YLL might be present.MethodsThe outcome data were the YLL component from Scottish Burden of Disease 2016, provided at small-area level (datazone) for males and females under 65 years of age in Scotland, UK. Exposure variables were the percentages of land cover within each datazone defined as ‘natural space’ (NS), and ‘natural space and private gardens’ (NSG). Together with a measure of area income deprivation, these were fitted in a multilevel Poisson model accounting for intra-datazone level variation, and spatial autocorrelation between datazones.ResultsAn increased percentage cover of NSG was associated with lower YLL in males (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.993, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.989 to 0.997) and females (IRR 0.993, CrI 0.987 to 0.998); each 10% increase of natural space cover was associated with a 7% decrease in the incidence rate. An increased amount of natural space within local areas was associated with reduced disparity in YLL between the most and least income deprived areas.ConclusionsThe health benefits of natural space also apply when indicators sensitive to health events at younger ages are used. An increased amount of natural space within local areas has the potential to reduce the disparity in YLL between the most and least income deprived areas—the ‘equigenic’ effect.
Biogeochemical responses to multiyear above-canopy applications of nitrogen at a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest in northern Alberta, Canada
Authors: McDonough Andrew M. , Watmough Shaun A. , Bird Adam W. 
Published: October 2022

Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can alter forest biogeochemistry leading to adverse impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Experimental studies often apply N to the forest understorey at greatly elevated loads, bypassing important canopy interactions. Using a narrow N deposition gradient (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N·ha−1·year−1), we measured changes in jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest biogeochemistry in the bituminous sands region of northern Alberta, Canada after 5 years of above-canopy N additions. The canopy intercepted approximately 46% of applied N across all treatments, but during the final year, N interception was reduced to 7% in the highest treatment. Nitrogen concentrations in nonvascular organisms increased with treatment and N was also immobilized in decomposing litter in the highest treatment. Otherwise, vascular plant biomass, foliar chemistry, and soil processes exhibited no relationship with treatment over 5 years. This work suggests that jack pine forests in the region have a high capacity to immobilize N inputs over the short-term (5 years), which restricts other biogeochemical responses traditionally associated with elevated N deposition.
Model independent measurements of standard model cross sections with domain adaptation
Authors: Camaiani Benedetta , Seidita Roberto , Anderlini Lucio , Ceccarelli Rudy , Ciulli Vitaliano , Lenzi Piergiulio , Lizzo Mattia , Viliani Lorenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the ever growing amount of data collected by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC, fiducial and differential measurements of the Higgs boson production cross section have become important tools to test the standard model predictions with an unprecedented level of precision, as well as seeking deviations that can manifest the presence of physics beyond the standard model. These measurements are in general designed for being easily comparable to any present or future theoretical prediction, and to achieve this goal it is important to keep the model dependence to a minimum. Nevertheless, the reduction of the model dependence usually comes at the expense of the measurement precision, preventing to exploit the full potential of the signal extraction procedure. In this paper a novel methodology based on the machine learning concept of domain adaptation is proposed, which allows using a complex deep neural network in the signal extraction procedure while ensuring a minimal dependence of the measurements on the theoretical modeling of the signal.
The landscape of the quantum start-up ecosystem
Authors: Seskir Zeki Can , Korkmaz Ramis , Aydinoglu Arsev Umur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe second quantum revolution has been producing groundbreaking scientific and technological outputs since the early 2000s; however, the scientific literature on the impact of this revolution on the industry, specifically on start-ups, is limited. In this paper, we present a landscaping study with a gathered dataset of 441 companies from 42 countries that we identify as quantum start-ups, meaning that they mainly focus on quantum technologies (QT) as their primary priority business. We answer the following questions: (1) What are the temporal and geographical distributions of the quantum start-ups? (2) How can we categorize them, and how are these categories populated? (3) Are there any patterns that we can derive from empirical data on trends? We found that more than 92% of these companies have been founded within the last 10 years, and more than 50% of them are located in the US, the UK, and Canada. We categorized the QT start-ups into six fields: (i) complementary technologies, (ii) quantum computing (hardware), (iii) quantum computing (software/application/simulation), (iv) quantum cryptography/communication, (v) quantum sensing and metrology, and (vi) supporting companies, and analyzed the population of each field both for countries, and temporally. Finally, we argue that low levels of quantum start-up activity in a country might be an indicator of a national initiative to be adopted afterwards, which later sees both an increase in the number of start-ups, and a diversification of activity in different QT fields.
Lenalidomide and Eltrombopag for Treatment of Low- or Intermediate-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Result of a Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Gonzalez-Lugo Jesus D. , Kambhampati Suman , Yacoub Abdulraheem , Donnellan William B. , Berdeja Jesus , Bhagat Prafulla , Fehn Karen , Remy Cassady , Jasra Sakshi , Kazemi Mohammed , Pradhan Kith , Kim Mimi , Mantzaris Ioannis , Sica R. Alejandro , Shah Nishi , Goldfinger Mendel , Kornblum Noah , Gritsman Kira , Braunschweig Ira , Steidl Ulrich , Will Britta , Shastri Aditi , Verma Amit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Thrombocytopenia is a serious complication of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with an increased bleeding risk and worse prognosis. Eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, can increase platelet counts and reverse anti-megakaryopoietic effects of lenalidomide (LEN) in preclinical studies. We hypothesized ELT would reduce the incidence of thrombocytopenia in MDS.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a Phase II multicenter trial of ELT and LEN in adult patients with low- or intermediate-1–risk MDS with symptomatic or transfusion-dependent anemia or thrombocytopenia (NCT01772420). Thrombocytopenic patients were started on ELT and subsequently treated with LEN after platelets were increased. Patients without thrombocytopenia were started on LEN monotherapy and treated with ELT if they became thrombocytopenic.

Results:
Fifty-two patients were enrolled; mean age was 71 years (range 34–93). Overall response rate (ORR) in the intention-to-treat population was 35% (18/52). ELT monotherapy led to ORR of 33.3% (7/21), 29% achieving hematologic improvement (HI)-Platelets, and 24% bilineage responses. LEN monotherapy had 38% ORR (6/16) with all responders achieving HI-Erythroid. Fifteen patients received both ELT and LEN with ORR of 33.3%, 20% achieved HI-Erythroid, and 20% HI-Platelets with 13% bilineage responses. Median duration of response was 40 weeks for ELT (range 8–ongoing), 41 weeks (25–ongoing) for LEN, and 88 weeks (8.3–ongoing) for ELT/LEN. Non-hematologic grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events were infrequent. Among patients on ELT, 2 had major bleeding events, 1 had a reversible increase in peripheral blasts, and 1 developed marrow fibrosis after 6 years on ELT.

Conclusions:
ELT and LEN are well tolerated and effective in achieving hematologic improvement in patients with low-/intermediate-risk MDS.
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: A DESTINY-Breast01 Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Jerusalem Guy , Park Yeon Hee , Yamashita Toshinari , Hurvitz Sara A. , Modi Shanu , Andre Fabrice , Krop Ian E. , Gonzàlez Farré Xavier , You Benoit , Saura Cristina , Kim Sung-Bae , Osborne Cynthia R. , Murthy Rashmi K. , Gianni Lorenzo , Takano Toshimi , Liu Yali , Cathcart Jillian , Lee Caleb , Perrin Christophe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

DESTINY-Breast01 (NCT03248492) evaluated trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd; DS-8201) in patients with heavily pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC). We present a subgroup of 24 patients with a history of treated brain metastases (BM), a population with limited treatment options. In patients with BMs, the confirmed objective response rate (cORR) was 58.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 36.6%–77.9%], and the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 18.1 months (95% CI, 6.7–18.1 months). In patients without BMs (n = 160), cORR was 61.3% and mPFS was 16.4 months. Eight patients (47.1%) experienced a best overall intracranial response of partial response or complete response. Seven patients (41.2%) had a best percentage change in brain lesion diameter from baseline consistent with stable disease. Two patients (8.3%) with BMs and two (1.3%) without BMs experienced progression in the brain. The safety profile of T-DXd was consistent with previous studies. The durable clinical activity of T-DXd in this population warrants further investigation.

Significance:
Advances in treating HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer have greatly improved patient outcomes, but intracranial progression remains an important risk for which few therapeutic options are currently available. T-DXd demonstrated durable efficacy in patients with stable, treated BMs.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2711
Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Patients With Heart Failure From Before to Early After Advanced Surgical Therapies: Findings From the SUSTAIN-IT Study
Authors: Grady Kathleen L. , Kao Andrew , Spertus John A. , Hsich Eileen , Dew Mary Amanda , Pham Duc-Thinh , Hartupee Justin , Petty Michael , Cotts William , Pamboukian Salpy V. , Pagani Francis D. , Lampert Brent , Johnson Maryl , Murray Margaret , Takeda Koji , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Silvestry Scott , Kirklin James K. , Andrei Adin-Cristian , Elenbaas Christian , Baldridge Abigail , Yancy Clyde 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Restoring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a therapeutic goal for older patients with advanced heart failure. We aimed to describe change in HRQOL in older patients (60–80 years) awaiting heart transplantation (HT) with or without pretransplant mechanical circulatory support (MCS) or scheduled for long-term MCS, if ineligible for HT, from before to 6 months after these surgeries and identify factors associated with change.

Methods:
Patients from 13 US sites completed the EuroQol 5-dimension 3L questionnaire and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 at baseline and 3 and 6 months after HT or long-term MCS. Analyses included univariate comparisons and multivariable linear regression.

Results:

Among 305 participants (cohort mean age=66.2±4.7 years, 78% male, 84% White, 55% New York Heart Association class IV), 161 underwent HT (n=68 with and n=93 without pretransplant MCS), and 144 received long-term MCS. From baseline to 3 months, EuroQol 5-dimension visual analog scale scores improved in HT patients without pretransplant MCS (54.5±24.3 versus 75.9±16.0,
P
<0.001) and long-term MCS patients (45.7±22.9 versus 66.2± 20.9,
P
<0.001); while Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 overall summary scores improved in all 3 groups (HT without pretransplant MCS: 47.2±20.9 versus 77.4±20.1,
P
<0.001; long-term MCS: 35.3±20.2 versus 58.6±22.0,
P
<0.001; and HT with pretransplant MCS: 58.3±23.6 versus 72.1±23.5,
P
=0.002). No further HRQOL improvement was found from 3 to 6 months. Factors most significantly associated with change in HRQOL, baseline 3 months, were right heart failure and 3-month New York Heart Association class, and 3 to 6 months, were 6-month New York Heart Association class and major bleeding.

Conclusions:
In older heart failure patients, HRQOL improved from before to early after HT and long-term MCS. At 6 postoperative months, HRQOL of long-term MCS patients was lower than one or both HT groups. Understanding change in HRQOL from before to early after these surgeries may enhance decision-making and guide patient care.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02568930.
Left Main Stem Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Does On-Site Surgical Cover Make a Difference?
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Zaman Mahvash , Ludman Peter , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Curzen Nick , Kinnaird Tim , Moledina Saadiq , Abbott J. Dawn , Grines Cindy L. , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Nonsurgical centers (NSC) contribute significantly to the capacity of overall percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the United Kingdom. Although previous studies have demonstrated similar PCI outcomes in surgical centers (SC) versus NSC, it is unknown whether this applies to more complex procedures such as left main stem (LMS) PCI. We compared patient characteristics and outcomes of LMS PCI performed across SC and NSC in England and Wales.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of procedures between January 2006 and March 2020 was performed using the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society database and stratified according to the surgical status of the center. The primary outcomes assessed were in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, all-cause mortality, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium stage 3 to 5 bleeding.

Results:
Forty thousand seven hundred forty-four patients underwent LMS PCI during the period, of which 13 922 (34.2%) had their procedure performed at an NSC. The proportion of LMS PCI performed in NSC increased >2-fold (15.9% in 2006 to 36.7% in 2020). There was no association between surgical cover location and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.69–1.22]), in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (odds ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.79–1.25]), or emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery (odds ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95–1.06]). NSC had lower Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 to 5 bleeding complications (odds ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.34–0.82]).

Conclusions:
There has been an increase in LMS PCI volumes at NSC, particularly elective LMS PCI. LMS PCI performed at NSC was not associated with increased mortality, in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, or emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery, despite higher disease complexity.