bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of stroke, associated risk factors and stroke related physical, mental, and economic burden in the Republic of Georgia
Authors: Akhvlediani Tamar , Gelenidze Nana , Janelidze Tamar , Gudadze Tamar , Pkhakadze Irine , Webb Alastair , Katsarava Zaza 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: We investigated the prevalence, risk factors and physical, mental, and economic consequences of ischemic Janelidze and hemorrhagic stroke in the population of the Republic of Georgia. Materials and Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 3036 adults residing in the Imereti Region of Georgia, selected using a multistage, probability proportionate-to-size, cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by medical students, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Diagnosis of stroke was confirmed by neurologists based on clinical examination and corroborated by documental evidence. Results: Of the targeted 3036 subjects, 2811 (92.6%) participated, of whom 1223 (43.5%) were women. Mean age of the sample was 49.7 (SD 15.2) years. The overall prevalence of stroke was 8.9%, the prevalence of ischemic stroke − 7.8% (95% CI 6.9–8.9) and of hemorrhagic stroke − 0.7% (95% CI 0.4–1.0). Ischemic stroke was more prevalent in males, while hemorrhagic stroke was more prevalent in females. Age, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with stroke. Stroke victims were young, many of them in the fifth decade of life. Sixty-five percent of them had a modified Rankin scale of three or greater, 25% were depressed, and 85% suffered cognitive impairment. Discussion: Stroke affected people and their families, experiencing a significant economic burden due to loss of the income and increase in out-of-pocket payment for post-stroke medical care. Conclusion: The stroke prevalence in the Republic of Georgia is higher than in Europe and is associated with a significant physical, mental, and economic burden.
Massive Spontaneous Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage in a Patient With Type 1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cruz-Pimentel Miguel , Mehraban Far Parsa , Brent Michael H. , Yan Peng 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This work reports a rare case of spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SSCH) and summarizes the literature on its treatment options and outcomes. Methods: A case report and comprehensive literature review are presented on the medical and surgical management of SSCH on PubMed from 1998 to 2021. Results: The literature search revealed 58 studies, 33 of which included 52 eyes of 47 patients. Surgical treatment typically consisted of choroidal drainage with posterior sclerotomies combined with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil placement. Medical therapy involved intraocular pressure control with laser peripheral iridotomy and topical, oral, and intravenous medication. Conclusions: In cases of SSCH, conservative management and a prompt workup should be initiated to identify the cause before proceeding with surgery. If the initial workup does not reveal a cause, medical and surgical treatments are both viable and the decision is at the discretion of the treating physician.
Factors influencing depression in community-dwelling elderly patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Wang Yaya , Jin Xiaoyan , Huang Hongjie , Chen Hongbo , Wang Yan , Shang Shaomei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and depression are both major health issues influencing the quality of elderly life. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of depression and the factors influencing depression in community-dwelling elderly patients with OA of the knee in China.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study included 214 participants aged 60 and older diagnosed with OA of the knee. The depression of the elderly was measured by using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the GDS, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the society dimension of Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2). In addition, the participants performed a timed up and go test (TUG) and the stair-climb test (SCT).

Results
The average age of the participants was 69.2 ± 7.63 years old, their body mass index (BMI) was 25.2 ± 3.85, and their disease duration was 5.9 ± 7.72 years. The mean total score of the GDS was 4.43 ± 2.89, and the GDS scores correlated positively with pain (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), stiffness (r = 0.40, P < 0.001), physical function (r = 0.52, P < 0.001),TUG (r = 0.35, P < 0.001), and SCT (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) and negatively with social support (r = − 0.35, P < 0.001).Analysis using multiple regression demonstrated that physical function, social support, and SCT explained 36.8% of the variance in depression.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that physical function, social support, and lower extremity strength were predictors of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elderly people with OA of the knee. Focusing on this elderly group with increasing functional exercise, positive social interaction and support, and lower limb muscle strength training should help in the prevention of depression.
Surgical outcomes of adjustment on recessed lateral rectus muscle versus resected medial rectus muscle for intermittent exotropia
Authors: Lee Donghun , Lee So Hyung , Kim Sook Young 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effectiveness of resected muscle adjustment compared with the recessed muscle adjustment in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Methods
This retrospective clinical investigation analyzed the data of patients who underwent strabismus surgery with adjustment. Patients who were followed-up for at least one and half year after adjustment were enrolled. They were divided into two groups; patients who underwent adjustment on recessed lateral rectus muscle (LR-Adj group) and adjustment on resected medial rectus muscle (MR-Adj group). Postoperative changes were compared. Surgical success was defined as horizontal deviation < 5 prism diopters (PD) esodeviation and < 10 PD exodeviation on distance measurement at 1.5 years postoperatively.

Results
Forty patients were included; LR-Adj group included 21 and MR-Adj group included 19 patients. The mean esodeviation at distance fixation immediately after adjustment was 8.1 ± 5.4 PD in the LR-Adj group and 8.4 ± 4.7 PD in the MR-Adj group (P = 0.843). Postoperative exodrift occurred in both groups, and amount of exodeviation after 1.5 year were not significantly different. For the comparison of the amount of exodrift at near measurement, the amount of exodrift within 1 month after surgery was smaller in the MR-Adj group than that in the LR-Adj group (P = 0.01). Surgical success rates were 81.0% in the LR-Adj group and 84.2% in the MR-Adj group (P = 0.559).

Conclusions
The smaller amount of exodrift in the MR-Adj group may mean that the positional stability of the resected muscle is favorable in the early post-adjustment period. However, there was no significant difference groups in the final exodeviation and surgical success rate between the groups. Resected muscle adjustment was as effective as the conventional recessed muscle adjustment.
Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination on COVID-19 outbreaks in Nunavut, Canada: a Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study
Authors: Vilches Thomas N. , Abdollahi Elaheh , Cipriano Lauren E. , Haworth-Brockman Margaret , Keynan Yoav , Sheffield Holden , Langley Joanne M. , Moghadas Seyed M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Nunavut, the northernmost Arctic territory of Canada, experienced three community outbreaks of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from early November 2020 to mid-June 2021. We sought to investigate how non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccination affected the course of these outbreaks.

Methods
We used an agent-based model of disease transmission to simulate COVID-19 outbreaks in Nunavut. The model encapsulated demographics and household structure of the population, the effect of NPIs, and daily number of vaccine doses administered. We fitted the model to inferred, back-calculated infections from incidence data reported from October 2020 to June 2021. We then compared the fit of the scenario based on case count data with several counterfactual scenarios without the effect of NPIs, without vaccination, and with a hypothetical accelerated vaccination program whereby 98% of the vaccine supply was administered to eligible individuals.

Results
We found that, without a territory-wide lockdown during the first COVID-19 outbreak in November 2020, the peak of infections would have been 4.7 times higher with a total of 5,404 (95% CrI: 5,015—5,798) infections before the start of vaccination on January 6, 2021. Without effective NPIs, we estimated a total of 4,290 (95% CrI: 3,880—4,708) infections during the second outbreak under the pace of vaccination administered in Nunavut. In a hypothetical accelerated vaccine rollout, the total infections during the second Nunavut outbreak would have been 58% lower, to 1,812 (95% CrI: 1,593—2,039) infections. Vaccination was estimated to have the largest impact during the outbreak in April 2021, averting 15,196 (95% CrI: 14,798—15,591) infections if the disease had spread through Nunavut communities. Accelerated vaccination would have further reduced the total infections to 243 (95% CrI: 222—265) even in the absence of NPIs.

Conclusions
NPIs have been essential in mitigating pandemic outbreaks in this large, geographically distanced and remote territory. While vaccination has the greatest impact to prevent infection and severe outcomes, public health implementation of NPIs play an essential role in the short term before attaining high levels of immunity in the population.
Determinants of COVID-19 skepticism and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy: findings from a national population survey of U.S. adults
Authors: Levin Jeff , Bradshaw Matt 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe enduring presence of COVID-19 skepticism and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy is an ongoing impediment to the global response effort to the current pandemic. This study seeks to identify determinants of skepticism and vaccine hesitancy in U.S. adults.MethodsData are from the Values and Beliefs of the American Public Survey, conducted in 2021 by the Gallup Organization in conjunction with Baylor University. The survey used stratified random probability sampling of the U.S. adult population (N = 1222). Outcome measures were respective single items assessing COVID-19 skepticism and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy. Exposure variables included political, religious, and sociodemographic indicators, and moderators assessed personal history of COVID-19 and losing a relative or close friend to COVID-19.ResultsSkepticism and vaccine hesitancy were strongly associated with conservative and Republican political preference and conservative religious beliefs, and less so with socioeconomic status. Personal experience with COVID-19 did not mitigate the effect of politics on skepticism and barely reduced the odds for hesitancy. Results confirm that attitudes toward COVID-19 are politically and religiously conditioned, and are especially a product of conservative political preference.ConclusionSkepticism about COVID-19 and hesitancy regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are highest among the political and religious right. Efforts to increase immunization through public education may be inadequate; resistance appears ideological. Other solutions may need to be considered, which risk widespread pushback both politically and religiously motivated.
Using mHealth applications for self-care – An integrative review on perceptions among adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Stephen Divya Anna , Nordin Anna , Nilsson Jan , Persenius Mona 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Individually designed interventions delivered through mobile health applications (mHealth apps) may be able to effectively support diabetes self-care. Our aim was to review and synthesize available evidence in the literature regarding perception of adults with type 1 diabetes on the features of mHealth apps that help promote diabetes self-care, as well as facilitators and barriers to their use. An additional aim was to review literature on changes in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the same population while using mHealth apps for diabetes self-care.

Methods
Quantitative and qualitative studies focusing on adults aged 18 years and over with type 1 diabetes in any context were included. A systematic literature search using selected databases was conducted. Data was synthesised using narrative synthesis.

Results
We found that features of mHealth apps designed to help promote and maintain diabetes self-care could be categorized into self-care data monitoring, app display, feedback & reminders, data entry, data sharing, and additional features. Factors affecting the use of mHealth apps reported in the literature were personal factors, app design or usability factors, privacy and safety factors, or socioeconomic factors. Quality of life and diabetes distress were the most commonly reported PROMs in the included studies.

Conclusion
We are unable to reach a conclusive result due to the heterogeneity of the included studies as well as the limited number of studies reporting on these areas among adults with type 1 diabetes. We therefore recommend further large-scale studies looking into these areas that can ultimately improve mHealth app use in type 1 diabetes self-care.

Systematic review registration
Prospero CRD42020157620.
Assessment of alcohol utilization during pregnancy and its associated factors among reproductive women in Mecha Woreda of North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Demeke Getaneh Bizuayehu , Bayu Eyayu Kasseye 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy is a time when women are making many changes, including the patterns of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy encourages the risks of mothers and unborn child. Alcohol use during pregnancy can result in prematurity, brain damage, growth restriction, developmental delay and social, emotional and behavioral deficits, particularly in developing countries.

Methods
A community based cross-sectional study was employed. Structured questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence of alcohol utilization, and socio-demographic as well as economic characteristics of women who have pregnancy experience. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used.

Results
The study results showed that the prevalence of alcohol use and response rate was high. Factors like age group of women from 35–49 years (AOR = 0.221; 95%CI = 0.057–0.856), illiterate women(AOR = 2.697;95% CI = 1.207–6.026), currently pregnant (AOR = 0.139;95%CI = 0.057 0.343), women currently use alcohol (AOR = 0.021; 95% CI = 0.009 0.049), alcohol use pre-pregnancy (AOR = 0.016; 95% CI = 0.006–0.042), women drinking alcohol with husband during pregnancy (AOR = 0.228; 95% CI = 0.085–0.614), the risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is low(AOR = 0.262;95%CI = 0.074–0.925), risk alcohol consumption during pregnancy is medium (AOR = 0.296;95% CI = 0.103–0.849),utilization of alcohol during pregnancy is valuable (AOR = 0.104; 95%CI = .0.013–0.833) were statistically associated with alcohol use during pregnancy.

Conclusion
The result inferred that there is a high level of alcohol use throughout pregnancy. Due to the differences in the culture and communal means of drinking alcohol, the frequency of alcohol consumption during pregnancy varies among different regional studies and countries.
PGM1 suppresses colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Zheng Zhewen , Zhang Xue , Bai Jian , Long Long , Liu Di , Zhou Yunfeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) is known for its involvement in cancer pathogenesis. However, its biological role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has remained unknown. Here, we studied the functions and mechanisms of PGM1 in CRC.

Methods
We verified PGM-1 as a differentially expressed gene (DEG) by employing a comprehensive strategy of TCGA-COAD dataset mining and computational biology. Relative levels of PGM-1 in CRC tumors and adjoining peritumoral tissues were determined by qRT-PCR, western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in a tissue microarray. PGM1 functions were analyzed by CCK8, EdU, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and Transwell migration and invasion assays. The influence of PGM1 was further investigated by studying tumor formation in vivo.

Results
The levels of PGM1 mRNA and protein were both reduced in CRC tissues, and the reductions were related to CRC pathology and overall survival. PGM1 knockdown stimulated both cell proliferation and colony formation, and inhibited cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while overexpression of PGM1 produced the opposite effects in CRC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of PGM1 were related to the PI3K/ AKT pathway.

Conclusion
We verified that PGM1 suppresses CRC progression via the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results suggest the potential for targeting PGM1 in treatment of CRC.
Prospective association between dietary pesticide exposure profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Rebouillat Pauline , Vidal Rodolphe , Cravedi Jean-Pierre , Taupier-Letage Bruno , Debrauwer Laurent , Gamet-Payrastre Laurence , Guillou Hervé , Touvier Mathilde , Fezeu Léopold K. , Hercberg Serge , Lairon Denis , Baudry Julia , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies focusing on dietary pesticides in population-based samples are scarce and little is known about potential mixture effects. We aimed to assess associations between dietary pesticide exposure profiles and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) among NutriNet-Santé cohort participants.

Methods
Participants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, assessing conventional and organic food consumption. Exposures to 25 active substances used in European Union pesticides were estimated using the Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart residue database accounting for farming practices. T2D were identified through several sources.
Exposure profiles were established using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), adapted for sparse data. Cox models adjusted for known confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), for the associations between four NMF components, divided into quintiles (Q) and T2D risk.

Results
The sample comprised 33,013 participants aged 53 years old on average, including 76% of women. During follow-up (median: 5.95 years), 340 incident T2D cases were diagnosed.
Positive associations were detected between NMF component 1 (reflecting highest exposure to several synthetic pesticides) and T2D risk on the whole sample: HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.47, 95% CI (1.00, 2.18). NMF Component 3 (reflecting low exposure to several synthetic pesticides) was associated with a decrease in T2D risk, among those with high dietary quality only (high adherence to French dietary guidelines, including high plant foods consumption): HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.31, 95% CI (0.10, 0.94).

Conclusions
These findings suggest a role of dietary pesticide exposure in T2D risk, with different effects depending on which types of pesticide mixture participants are exposed to. These associations need to be confirmed in other types of studies and settings, and could have important implications for developing prevention strategies (regulation, dietary guidelines).

Trial Registration
This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03335644).
Low awareness of risk mitigation prescribing in response to dual crises of COVID-19 and overdose deaths among people who use unregulated drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Moshkforoush Mana , DeBeck Kora , Brar Rupinder , Fairbairn Nadia , Cui Zishan , Milloy M.-J. , Buxton Jane , Oldenburger Tanis , McLellan Will , Kendall Perry , Sedgemore Kali , Wilson Dean , Kerr Thomas , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
When the novel coronavirus pandemic emerged in March 2020, many settings across Canada and the USA were already contending with an existing crisis of drug overdoses due to the toxic unregulated drug supply. In response, the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) released innovative risk mitigation prescribing (RMP) guidelines for medical professionals to prescribe pharmaceutical alternatives to unregulated drugs in an effort to support the self-isolation of people who use unregulated drugs (PWUD) in preventing both SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and overdoses. We sought to assess the level of awareness of RMP and identify factors associated with this awareness among PWUD in Vancouver, BC.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were derived from participants enrolled in three community-recruited prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, interviewed between July and November 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with awareness of RMP.

Results
Among 633 participants, 302 (47.7%) had heard of RMP. Of those 302 participants, 199 (65.9%) had never tried to access RMP services, ten (3.3%) made an unsuccessful attempt to access RMP, and 93 (30.8%) received RMP. In the multivariable analysis, participants who had awareness of RMP guidelines were more likely to self-identify as white (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.13), to have completed secondary school education or higher (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.39), to have used drugs at a supervised consumption or overdose prevention site in the past six months (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.52), and to have received opioid agonist therapy as treatment for opioid use disorder in the past six months (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.24).

Conclusion
At least four months after the release of the guidelines, RMP was known to less than half of our study participants, warranting urgent educational efforts for PWUD, particularly among racialized groups and those who were not accessing other harm reduction services. Furthermore, the majority of participants who were aware of RMP guidelines had never tried to access the service, suggesting the need to improve perceived accessibility and knowledge of eligibility criteria.