bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central femoral tunnel placement can reduce stress and strain around bone tunnels and graft more than anteromedial femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Cheng Rongshan , Wang Huizhi , Dimitriou Dimitris , Jiang Ziang , Cheng Cheng‐Kung , Tsai Tsung‐Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of anteromedial (AM) and central femoral footprint placement on stress and strain distribution around the femoral and tibial tunnel and graft following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). A three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructed knee model was validated and used for simulating ACLR by finite element analysis. A combined loading during normal human walking was applied to the knee models using different anatomic femoral tunnel placement at 20° knee flexion. The results of von Mises stress and principal strain at the entrances of the femoral and tibial tunnel and ACL graft was determined. The peak von Mises stress and the maximum principal strain in the AM footprint group were 8.78 MPa and 8850.89 μ‐strain at the entrance of femoral tunnel, and 5.29 MPa and 5553.27 μ‐strain at the entrance of tibial tunnel. The results in the AM footprint group were higher than that in the central footprint group. The peak von Mises stress around the ACL graft following AM footprint ACLR was 28.63 MPa, higher than that following the central footprint ACLR. The AM footprint ACLR generated more significant peak von Mises stress and maximum principal strain around the entrances of femoral and tibial tunnel and the graft than the central footprint. The present results are of clinical relevance as they can provide a better understanding of tunnel enlargement and graft failure.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Evaluation of 2 Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine Besylate Fixed‐Dose Combination Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Li Xinjing , Mo Enpan , Chen Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCombined antihypertensive drugs have become the basic method of treating hypertension. Olmesartan and amlodipine, as representative drugs of angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers, were developed as a compound formulation for antihypertensive treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine besylate tablet (20 mg/5 mg) under fasting and fed conditions in healthy Chinese volunteers. A phase 1 randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, single‐dose crossover study (n = 56) was designed, with subjects under fasting (n = 28) or fed (n = 28) conditions. Of the 56 enrolled participants, 55 healthy volunteers completed the study. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected from 1.5 hours before dosing to 168 hours after dosing. The 90%CIs for the geometric mean ratios of maximum plasma drug concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last measurable concentration and AUC from time 0 to infinity of the test/reference were all within the acceptance range for bioequivalence (80%‐125%). The data showed that the absorption of amlodipine is not affected by food, but the exposure of olmesartan (both AUC from time 0 to the last measurable concentration and AUC from time 0 to infinity were P < .05) reduced significantly after consuming a high‐fat meal, which indicates that the effects of food on olmesartan exposure in healthy Chinese were clinically relevant. During the study, there were no suspected serious adverse reactions or serious adverse events. All adverse events were determined to be mild after Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0 evaluation. These results indicated that both the test and reference formulations were bioequivalent with similar safety profiles.
Computational investment in generation of elliptic curves randomly over large prime fields
Authors: Abhishek Kunal , E George Dharma Prakash Raj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRandomly computed elliptic curves over prime fields are desirable for implementation in strategic or military grade cryptosystems. A randomly computed elliptic curve eliminates the possibility of exhibiting any pre‐studied value or special structure of the curve parameters which may be doubted to have intentionally non‐disclosed vulnerability. However, computing elliptic curves randomly over large prime fields for cryptography is an intricate task which requires reasonably high computational resources and time. These computational resources are considered in terms of the number of CPU clock cycles and the number of attempts or searches made in the security parameter space of elliptic curve. The estimate of the number of CPU clock cycles helps in determining processor requirements whereas the number of attempts or searches help to decide the number of CPU cores for speeding up the curve generation process. We present efficient statistical estimates of computational resources to randomly compute cryptographically safe elliptic curve over desired prime field size using a standard procedure.
Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land‐use intensity
Authors: Bergholz Kolja , Sittel Lara‐Pauline , Ristow Michael , Jeltsch Florian , Weiss Lina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLand‐use intensification is the main factor for the catastrophic decline of insect pollinators. However, land‐use intensification includes multiple processes that act across various scales and should affect pollinator guilds differently depending on their ecology. We aimed to reveal how two main pollinator guilds, wild bees and hoverflies, respond to different land‐use intensification measures, that is, arable field cover (AFC), landscape heterogeneity (LH), and functional flower composition of local plant communities as a measure of habitat quality. We sampled wild bees and hoverflies on 22 dry grassland sites within a highly intensified landscape (NE Germany) within three campaigns using pan traps. We estimated AFC and LH on consecutive radii (60–3000 m) around the dry grassland sites and estimated the local functional flower composition. Wild bee species richness and abundance was positively affected by LH and negatively by AFC at small scales (140–400 m). In contrast, hoverflies were positively affected by AFC and negatively by LH at larger scales (500–3000 m), where both landscape parameters were negatively correlated to each other. At small spatial scales, though, LH had a positive effect on hoverfly abundance. Functional flower diversity had no positive effect on pollinators, but conspicuous flowers seem to attract abundance of hoverflies. In conclusion, landscape parameters contrarily affect two pollinator guilds at different scales. The correlation of landscape parameters may influence the observed relationships between landscape parameters and pollinators. Hence, effects of land‐use intensification seem to be highly landscape‐specific.
Herbivory on the pedunculate oak along an urbanization gradient in Europe: Effects of impervious surface, local tree cover, and insect feeding guild
Authors: Valdés‐Correcher Elena , Popova Anna , Galmán Andrea , Prinzing Andreas , Selikhovkin Andrey V. , Howe Andy G. , Mrazova Anna , Dulaurent Anne‐Maïmiti , Hampe Arndt , Tack Ayco Jerome Michel , Bouget Christophe , Lupaștean Daniela , Harvey Deborah , Musolin Dmitry L. , Lövei Gábor L. , Centenaro Giada , Halder Inge Van , Hagge Jonas , Dobrosavljević Jovan , Pitkänen Juha‐Matti , Koricheva Julia , Sam Katerina , Barbaro Luc , Branco Manuela , Ferrante Marco , Faticov Maria , Tahadlová Markéta , Gossner Martin , Cauchoix Maxime , Bogdziewicz Michał , Duduman Mihai‐Leonard , Kozlov Mikhail V. , Bjoern Mona C. , Mamaev Nikita A. , Fernandez‐Conradi Pilar , Thomas Rebecca L. , Wetherbee Ross , Green Samantha , Milanović Slobodan , Moreira Xoaquín , Mellerin Yannick , Kadiri Yasmine , Castagneyrol Bastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUrbanization is an important driver of the diversity and abundance of tree‐associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are poorly understood. A likely source of variability among studies is the insufficient consideration of intra‐urban variability in forest cover. With the help of citizen scientists, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of local canopy cover and percentage of impervious surface on insect herbivory in the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe. We found that the damage caused by chewing insect herbivores as well as the incidence of leaf‐mining and gall‐inducing herbivores consistently decreased with increasing impervious surface around focal oaks. Herbivory by chewing herbivores increased with increasing forest cover, regardless of impervious surface. In contrast, an increase in local canopy cover buffered the negative effect of impervious surface on leaf miners and strengthened its effect on gall inducers. These results show that—just like in non‐urban areas—plant–herbivore interactions in cities are structured by a complex set of interacting factors. This highlights that local habitat characteristics within cities have the potential to attenuate or modify the effect of impervious surfaces on biotic interactions.
Haplotype analysis of the mitochondrial DNA d‐loop region reveals the maternal origin and historical dynamics among the indigenous goat populations in east and west of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Baenyi Simon Patrick , Owino Junga Joseph , Tarekegn Getinet Mekuriaw , Machuka Eunice , Tiambo Christian Keambou , Kabange Dorine , Musale M. Dieudinné Katunga , Vumilia Kizungu Roger , Ochieng Joel Winyo , Pelle Roger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at assessing haplotype diversity and population dynamics of three Congolese indigenous goat populations that included Kasai goat (KG), small goat (SG), and dwarf goat (DG) of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The 1169 bp d‐loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced for 339 Congolese indigenous goats. The total length of sequences was used to generate the haplotypes and evaluate their diversities, whereas the hypervariable region (HVI, 453 bp) was analyzed to define the maternal variation and the demographic dynamic. A total of 568 segregating sites that generated 192 haplotypes were observed from the entire d‐loop region (1169 bp d‐loop). Phylogenetic analyses using reference haplotypes from the six globally defined goat mtDNA haplogroups showed that all the three Congolese indigenous goat populations studied clustered into the dominant haplogroup A, as revealed by the neighbor‐joining (NJ) tree and median‐joining (MJ) network. Nine haplotypes were shared between the studied goats and goat populations from Pakistan (1 haplotype), Kenya, Ethiopia and Algeria (1 haplotype), Zimbabwe (1 haplotype), Cameroon (3 haplotypes), and Mozambique (3 haplotypes). The population pairwise analysis (FST) indicated a weak differentiation between the Congolese indigenous goat populations. Negative and significant (p‐value <.05) values for Fu's Fs (−20.418) and Tajima's (−2.189) tests showed the expansion in the history of the three Congolese indigenous goat populations. These results suggest a weak differentiation and a single maternal origin for the studied goats. This information will contribute to the improvement of the management strategies and long‐term conservation of indigenous goats in DRC.
Mutagenicity of the Danube River: The contribution of liquid phase and particulate suspended matter
Authors: Morales Daniel A. , Massei Riccardo , Schulze Tobias , Krauss Martin , Brack Werner , de Aragão Umbuzeiro Gisela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBioassays have been used to complement the chemical characterization of aquatic mutagenicity, but the tests sometimes are done only with water liquid phase (LP). Particle‐bound mutagens are important because they can be ingested by filtering organisms. Our objective was to evaluate the mutagenicity of organic extracts of the LP and the water suspended particulate matter (SPM) from 13 sites along Danube River with the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay using TA98, YG1041, TA1538, and YG5185 strains. A high incidence of mutagenicity was detected, 84% for LP and 92% for SPM samples. The contribution of SPM to the mutagenicity was relatively small when compared with LP however, for five sites SPM was responsible for the whole mutagenicity, highlighting the importance of analyzing SPM when assessing water mutagenicity. YG1041 was the most sensitive strain and should be considered in future water mutagenicity monitoring programs, but it will depend on the main pollution sources.
Pathways to paternal care in primates
Authors: Rosenbaum Stacy , Silk Joan B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural selection will favor male care when males have limited alternative mating opportunities, can invest in their own offspring, and when care enhances males' fitness. These conditions are easiest to fulfill in pair‐bonded species, but neither male care nor stable “breeding bonds” that facilitate it are limited to pair‐bonded species. We review evidence of paternal care and extended breeding bonds in owl monkeys, baboons, Assamese macaques, mountain gorillas, and chimpanzees. The data, which span social/mating systems and ecologies, suggest that there are multiple pathways by which conditions conducive to male care can arise. This diversity highlights the difficulty of making inferences about the emergence of male care in early hominins based on single traits visible in the fossil record. We discuss what types of data are most needed and the questions yet to be answered about the evolution of male care and extended breeding bonds in the primate order.
Carrier strategies boost the application of CRISPR/Cas system in gene therapy
Authors: Xu Zunkai , Wang Qingnan , Zhong Haiping , Jiang Yaoyao , Shi Xiaoguang , Yuan Bo , Yu Na , Zhang Shubiao , Yuan Xiaoyong , Guo Shutao , Yang Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) genome editing technology shows great potential in gene therapy. However, proteins and nucleic acids suffer from enzymatic degradation in the physiological environment and low permeability into cells. Exploiting carriers to protect the CRISPR system from degradation, enhance its targeting of specific tissues and cells, and reduce its immunogenicity is essential to stimulate its clinical applications. Here, the authors review the state‐of‐the‐art CRISPR delivery systems and their applications, and describe strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of CRISPR mediated genome editing, categorized by three types of cargo formats, that is, Cas: single‐guide RNA ribonucleoprotein, Cas mRNA and single‐guide RNA, and Cas plasmid expressing CRISPR/Cas systems. The authors hope this review will help develop safe and efficient nanomaterial‐based carriers for CRISPR tools.
Starch morphological, structural, pasting, and thermal properties of waxy maize under different heat stress durations at grain formation stage
Authors: Gu Xiaotian , Yang Siling , Li Guanghao , Lu Weiping , Lu Dalei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeat stress (HS) is a major environmental constraint in sustaining global waxy maize production under future climate condition. Starch physicochemical properties under 5‐day (HS5) and 10‐day (HS10) postsilking HS were investigated using two waxy maize hybrids (Suyunuo5 and Yunuo7) as materials. Ambient and high temperatures were 28°C/20℃ and 35°C/27℃, respectively. Starch granules were enlarged and exhibited additional pitting or cellular structures, increased amylopectin chain length, increased relative crystallinity, and increased 1047/1022 cm−1 ratio under HS. This finding indicated the stable and ordered structure of starch granules, especially under HS10. Pasting viscosities of Yunuo7 reduced by HS, and the change was the same under both HS5 and HS10. Peak viscosity of Suyunuo5 was unaffected and breakdown viscosity increased with HS5 although both characteristics decreased with HS10. HS increased gelatinization temperatures and retrogradation percentage. Results showed that HS enlarges starch granules with stable structure, reduces starch viscosities, and increases retrograde tendency, with severe detrimental effect under long HS durations.
Molecular investigation of ALK‐rearranged epithelioid fibrous histiocytomas identifies CLTC as a novel fusion partner and evidence of fusion‐independent transcription activation
Authors: Georgantzoglou Natalia , Green Donald , Winnick Kimberly N. , Sumegi Janos , Charville Gregory W. , Bridge Julia A. , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEpithelioid fibrous histiocytoma (EFH) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm, which is characterized by the presence of rearrangements involving the ALK gene. Although EFH was long considered a variant of fibrous histiocytoma, the identification of its unique genetic signature confirmed that it represents a distinct entity. The aim of the present study was to examine a cohort of ALK‐immunoreactive EFH cases to further characterize gene fusion partners. Next generation sequencing detected ALK fusions in 11 EFH cases identified in the pathology archives of two different institutions. The most common fusion partner was DCTN1 (N = 4) followed by CLTC (N = 2) and VCL (N = 2), while the remaining cases harbored fusions involving SPECC1L, PPFIBP1, and PRKAR1A. In one case no fusion was detected by NGS and FISH despite suitable sample quality. Notably, IHC demonstrated positive ALK expression and the level of aligned ALK reads was comparable to the fusion‐positive cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CLTC as a fusion partner in EFH. The two CLTC rearranged cases in our cohort also represent the first two EFH cases in the literature that involve exon 19 of ALK, instead of exon 20. These findings underscore the remarkable plasticity of ALK as an oncogenic driver and further expand the list of its potential fusion partners in EFH. Lastly this is also the first report of ALK‐immunoreactive EFH with no underlying fusion suggesting a fusion independent transcription mechanism as seen in other tumors.
On the intention to cycle for work and school trips in a developing country
Authors: Sam Enoch F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCycling, as a mode of transport has immense health benefits. However, as pertains in other developing countries, cycling is not a preferred transport mode in urban Ghana, a development that is attributable to the lack of cycling infrastructure, safety and cultural perceptions. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study explored the intention to cycle for work and school trips (i.e., commuter cycling) in Winneba among 260 staff and students of the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana by fitting structural equation models. The results revealed low bicycle ownership and use among the respondents occasioned by some barriers. Additionally, it was found that the extent to which the respondents feel able and confident to cycle for work and school trips (i.e., their perceived behavioural control) was the most important predictor of their intention to cycle for work and school trips. Study respondents' attitudes toward cycling and subjective norms (i.e., social pressures to cycle) did not significantly influence the intention to cycle for work and school trips. Consequently, the study proffered relevant measures to promote commuter cycling on university campuses and by extension in the wider society.
Bifunctional catalysts composed of low silicon‐content SAPO‐34 nanosheets and In2O3/ZrO2 with improved performance for CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Zichen , Xu Shuman , Hao Jing , Song Lina , Chong Mingben , Cheng Dang‐Guo , Chen Fengqiu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe conversion of CO2 into high‐value chemicals has drawn a great deal of consideration, of which the most ideal product is lower olefins. However, the modified Fischer–Tropsch (F‐T) synthesis with CO as an intermediate shows poor selectivity for lower olefins. Here, a list of bifunctional catalysts consisting of SAPO‐34 zeolites with adjustable silicon contents and In2O3/ZrO2 were synthesized. In the reaction process, CO2 is first hydrogenated to methanol over an In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst, and then the generated methanol rapidly diffuses to the adjacent zeolite catalyst to react to lower olefins. The selectivity of lower olefins (88.3%) and conversion rate of CO2 (23.3%) was achieved over In2O3/ZrO2 and SAPO‐34‐0.05 at 633 K, a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 4500 ml·gcat–1·h–1, and H2/CO2/Ar = 3:1:1. The catalytic performance remained stable after 50 h of reaction. Characterization analysis showed that Si content affected the content of Brønsted acid sites (BAS) and morphology of SAPO‐34, resulting in different distribution of reaction intermediates. Tetramethyl‐benzenes, as important intermediate species, had a slower conversion rate on the SAPO‐34 with low Si content and nanosheet morphology, which led to high lower olefins selectivity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutual identification promotes children's generosity
Authors: Fast Anne A. , Morelli Sylvia A. , Zaki Jamil , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrom an early age, children act generously towards one another, but the situational features that promote generous decision‐making remain under investigation. The current study tests the impact of being identifiable—as a recipient of generosity, a giver, or both—on children's generosity. Six‐year‐old children (N = 129) allocated resources to a recipient during a video chat paradigm. Children were most generous when both they and the recipient could identify one another (i.e., in the case of mutual identification). Children were less generous in an anonymous situation and in ‘one‐sided’ situations in which only the recipient or only the giver was identifiable to the other child. These results illustrate that mutual identification, an ecologically valid experience of being able to identify and be identified by a recipient of one's generous action, is an especially powerful contributor to generous decision‐making in childhood. Further, insofar as increasing generosity among children is a goal, these results indicate that increasing identifiability among givers and recipients may be an effective way to achieve this goal.