bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opaganib in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2a Trial
Authors: Winthrop Kevin L , Skolnick Alan W , Rafiq Adnan M , Beegle Scott H , Suszanski Julian , Koehne Guenther , Barnett-Griness Ofra , Bibliowicz Aida , Fathi Reza , Anderson Patricia , Raday Gilead , Eagle Gina , Ben-Yair Vered Katz , Minkowitz Harold S , Levitt Mark L , Gordon Michael S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Opaganib, an oral sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, was shown to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication in vitro. We thus considered that opaganib could be beneficial for moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of opaganib and its effect on supplemental oxygen requirements and time to hospital discharge in COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized patients requiring supplemental oxygen.

Methods
This Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted between July and December 2020 in 8 sites in the United States. Forty-two enrolled patients received opaganib (n = 23) or placebo (n = 19) added to standard of care for up to 14 days and were followed up for 28 days after their last dose of opaganib/placebo.

Results
There were no safety concerns arising in this study. The incidence of ≥Grade 3 treatment-emergent adverse events was 17.4% and 33.3% in the opaganib and placebo groups, respectively. Three deaths occurred in each group. A numerical advantage for opaganib over placebo was observed in in this nonpowered study reflected by total supplemental oxygen requirement from baseline to Day 14, the requirement for supplemental oxygen for at least 24 hours by Day 14, and hospital discharge.

Conclusions
In this proof-of-concept study, hypoxic, hospitalized patients receiving oral opaganib had a similar safety profile to placebo-treated patients, with preliminary evidence of benefit for opaganib as measured by supplementary oxygen requirement and earlier hospital discharge. These findings support further evaluation of opaganib in this population.
Bank Stress Testing: Public Interest or Regulatory Capture?
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Strahan Philip E , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe test whether measures of influence on regulators affect stress-test outcomes. The large trading banks—those most plausibly Too Big to Fail—face the toughest tests. Supervisory stress tests have a greater effect on large trading banks’ portfolios; the large banks respond by making more conservative (initial) capital plans; and, despite their more conservative capital plans, the large banks still fail their tests more frequently than other banks. In contrast, while we find little evidence that political or regulatory connections affect the quantitative element of the stress tests, these connected banks do face less scrutiny under its qualitative dimension.
Foliar water uptake as a source of hydrogen and oxygen in plant biomass
Authors: Kagawa Akira 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductory biology lessons around the world typically teach that plants absorb water through their roots, but, unfortunately, absorption of water through leaves and subsequent transport and use of this water for biomass formation remains a field limited mostly to specialists. Recent studies have identified foliar water uptake as a significant net water source for terrestrial plants. The growing interest in the development of a new model that includes both foliar water uptake (in liquid form) and root water uptake to explain hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in leaf water and tree rings demands a method for distinguishing between these two water sources. Therefore, in this study, I have devised a new labelling method that utilizes two different water sources, one enriched in deuterium (HDO + D2O; δD = 7.0 × 10 4‰, δ18O = 4.1‰) and one enriched in oxygen-18 (H218O; δD = −85‰, δ18O = 1.1 × 104‰), to simultaneously label both foliar-absorbed and root-absorbed water and quantify their relative contributions to plant biomass. Using this new method, I here present evidence that, in the case of well-watered Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, hydrogen and oxygen incorporated into new leaf cellulose in the rainy season derives mostly from foliar-absorbed water (69% from foliar-absorbed water and 31% from root-absorbed water), while that of new root cellulose derives mostly from root-absorbed water (20% from foliar-absorbed water and 80% from root-absorbed water), and new branch xylem is somewhere in between (55% from foliar-absorbed water and 45% from root-absorbed water). The dual-labelling method first implemented in this study enables separate and simultaneous labelling of foliar-absorbed and root-absorbed water and offers a new tool to study the uptake, transport and assimilation processes of these waters in terrestrial plants.
The new phylogenetic relationships in Veneridae (Bivalvia: Venerida)
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Ma Peizhen , Zhang Zhen , Li Cui , Chen Ya , Wang Yunan , Wang Haiyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The phylogeny of Veneridae has always been controversial. An inappropriate choice of morphological characteristics and loss of critical molecular information will inevitably lead to conflicts between morphological and molecular evolutionary inferences. Phylogenetic relationships in Veneridae, based on both multigene fragments and mitogenomes, were studied, including the redefinition of controversial taxa based on morphological characteristics. Our results support the monophyly of the subfamilies Chioninae, Gemminae, Gouldiinae, Petricolinae and Sunettinae. Callistinae and Pitarinae are considered as valid. The genus Placamen is placed in Dosiniinae, Periglypta in Venerinae, Pelecyora in Pitarinae and Lioconcha and Hyphantosoma in Gouldiinae. Anomalodiscus squamosus is assigned to Timoclea, whereas Marcia hiantina and Marcia japonica are placed in Tapes. In addition, Claudiconcha japonica is removed from Petricolinae, and Gafrarium tumidum is considered valid. Finally, we propose to divide Veneridae into two families: Veneridae s.s. and Meretricidae, constituted by four and 11 subfamilies, respectively. Our study verifies that multigene fragments and mitochondrial genomes are of vital importance in phylogenetic relationships within Veneridae.
Intervertebral Disk Health Following Vertebral Body Tethering for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jackson Taylor J. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Mathew Smitha E. , Heilman Jeremiah A. , Larson A. Noelle 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Interest in vertebral body tethering (VBT) as an alternative to posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) continues to grow. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess intervertebral disk health on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1 year following VBT in AIS patients.

Methods:
AIS patients were enrolled in a prospective surgeon-sponsored Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) Study and underwent MRI at 1-year following VBT. All spanned disks and the untethered disks immediately adjacent to the upper instrumented vertebra and lowest instrumented vertebra levels were evaluated according to Pfirrmann grading criteria. Associations between patient factors and preoperative and postoperative disk health and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated.

Results:
Twenty-two patients were enrolled with a postoperative MRI (25 curves, 188 disks), and 7 patients (7 curves) had both preoperative and postoperative MRIs (67 disks). The mean age was 12.7 years. Most were Risser 0 (65%) and either Sanders Skeletal Maturity Score 3 (35%) or 4 (53%). In the 7 patients with preoperative and postoperative MRI, the mean Pfirrmann grade of the disks spanned by the tether was 1.88 preoperatively and 2.31 postoperatively (P=0.0075). No statistically significant differences in preoperative versus postoperative Pfirrmann grade were identified in the disks adjacent to the upper or lower instrumented vertebrae. No association was found between patient-reported outcomes and Pfirrmann grade.

Conclusion:
At 1 year postoperatively, increased degenerative changes in disks spanned by the tether was identifiable on MRI without evidence of adjacent segment disk disease. These changes were not associated with patient-reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Upregulation of LncRNA71132 in the spinal cord regulates hypersensitivity in a rat model of bone cancer pain
Authors: Ni Huadong , Xu Miao , Kuang Jiao , Xu Chengfei , He Qiuli , Luo Ge , Fu Jie , Zhu Jianjun , Ni Chaobo , Zhao Baoxia , Xu Longsheng , Zhou Qinghe , Yao Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a pervasive clinical symptom which impairs the quality life. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are enriched in the central nervous system and play indispensable roles in numerous biological processes, while its regulatory function in nociceptive information processing remains elusive. Here, we reported that functional modulatory role of ENSRNOT00000071132 (lncRNA71132) in the BCP process and sponging with miR-143 and its downstream GPR85-dependent signaling cascade. Spinal lncRNA71132 was remarkably increased in the rat model of bone cancer pain. The knockdown of spinal lncRNA71132 reverted BCP behaviors and spinal c-Fos neuronal sensitization. Overexpression of spinal lncRNA71132 in naive rat generated pain behaviors, which were accompanied by increased spinal c-Fos neuronal sensitization. Furthermore, it was found that lncRNA71132 participates in the modulation of BCP by inversely regulating the processing of miR-143-5p. In addition, an increase in expression of spinal lncRNA71132 resulted in the decrease in expression of miR-143 under the BCP state. Finally, it was found that miR-143-5p regulates pain behaviors by targeting GPR85. Overexpression of miR-143-5p in the spinal cord reverted the nociceptive behaviors triggered by BCP, accompanied by a decrease in expression of spinal GPR85 protein, but no influence on expression of gpr85 mRNA. The findings of this study indicate that lncRNA71132 works as a miRNA sponge in miR-143-5p–mediated posttranscriptional modulation of GPR85 expression in BCP. Therefore, epigenetic interventions against lncRNA71132 may potentially work as novel treatment avenues in treating nociceptive hypersensitivity triggered by bone cancer.
Medical Complexity Mediates Healthcare Resource Use in the Socially Vulnerable
Authors: Hanlon Alexandra L. , Pauly Mark V. , Huang Liming , Lozano Alicia J. , Hirschman Karen B. , McCauley Kathleen , Press Matthew , Naylor Mary D. 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY

Goal:
The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to assess the mediating effect of medical complexity on the relationship between social vulnerability and four acute care resource use outcomes—number of hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, observation stays, and total visits. Such information may help healthcare managers better anticipate the effects of interventions targeted to the socially vulnerable in their patient population.

Methods:
Electronic health records of 147,496 adults served by 27 primary care practices in one large health system from 2015 to 2017 were used. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize patients and the primary care practices included in the study. Causal mediation analyses using a modified Baron and Kenny approach were performed.

Principal Findings:
Causal mediation analyses demonstrated that increased social vulnerability was associated with increased medical complexity (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.57) and increased numbers of hospitalizations (IRR = 1.63), ED visits (IRR = 2.14), observation stays (IRR = 1.94), and total visits (IRR = 2.04). Effects remained significant, though attenuated, after adjusting for medical complexity (mediator), demographics, and medications (hospitalizations IRR = 1.44, ED visits IRR = 2.02, observation stays IRR = 1.74, total visits IRR = 1.86). Social vulnerability, given medical complexity, explained between 8% (ED visits) and 26% (hospitalizations) of the variation in outcomes.

Practical Applications:
These findings reinforce the need to modify interventions for medically complex adults to address their social needs and, consequently, reduce costly health services. Health systems seeking to reduce costly care can use these results to estimate savings in the treatment of patients with high social vulnerability—before they get chronic conditions and later as they seek care.
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics influence opioid and nonopioid pain management prescriptions of primary care NPs, PAs, and physicians
Authors: Nikpour Jacqueline , Broome Marion , Silva Susan , Allen Kelli D. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Evidence exists on racial and gender disparities in chronic pain management among veterans. Most literature has described physicians' disparate opioid prescribing patterns, although it is unknown if prescribing disparities exist among nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) or among prescription of nonopioid analgesic strategies.

Purpose:
To identify patient characteristics associated with opioid and nonopioid prescriptions among Veterans Affairs (VA) chronic pain patients by primary care physicians, NPs, and PAs.

Methodology:
We used data from the VA's Survey of Health care Experience of Patients and Corporate Data Warehouse from October 2015 to September 2016. Outcomes included opioid and nonopioid analgesic prescriptions. Patient characteristics included race/ethnicity, gender, education level, age, and clinical characteristics (comorbidities, self-reported health, and self-reported mental health). Logistic regression was performed to test for associations of patient characteristics with outcomes.

Results:
Patients who were White, male, age 41–64 years, and with no postsecondary education had higher odds of receiving an opioid prescription (all p-values ≤ .01), whereas patients who were Black, female, and <65 years old had higher odds of a nonopioid prescription (all p-values < .01). Having 5+ comorbidities and fair/poor self-reported health increased the odds of opioid and nonopioid prescriptions (all p-values < .01).

Conclusions:
Disparities in race, gender, and educational level significantly affect how primary care NPs, PAs, and physicians manage chronic pain.

Implications:
NPs and other primary care providers should pursue training opportunities to identify and mitigate potential biases that may affect their practice. Future research should take an intersectional lens in examining the source of chronic pain disparities.
A Rare Widespread Cutaneous Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Manifested on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Zhang Yin , Wu Hubing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Widespread cutaneous involvement of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is rare. Here, we report the case of a patient with cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which showed a large number of small high 18F-FDG–avid foci all over the body skin on PET/CT, accompanied with involved lymph nodes in bilateral axillas.
Visinity: Visual Spatial Neighborhood Analysis for Multiplexed Tissue Imaging Data
Authors: Warchol Simon , Krueger Robert , Nirmal Ajit Johnson , Gaglia Giorgio , Jessup Jared , Ritch Cecily C. , Hoffer John , Muhlich Jeremy , Burger Megan L. , Jacks Tyler , Santagata Sandro , Sorger Peter K. , Pfister Hanspeter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew highly-multiplexed imaging technologies have enabled the study of tissues in unprecedented detail. These methods are increasingly being applied to understand how cancer cells and immune response change during tumor development, progression, and metastasis, as well as following treatment. Yet, existing analysis approaches focus on investigating small tissue samples on a per-cell basis, not taking into account the spatial proximity of cells, which indicates cell-cell interaction and specific biological processes in the larger cancer microenvironment. We present Visinity, a scalable visual analytics system to analyze cell interaction patterns across cohorts of whole-slide multiplexed tissue images. Our approach is based on a fast regional neighborhood computation, leveraging unsupervised learning to quantify, compare, and group cells by their surrounding cellular neighborhood. These neighborhoods can be visually analyzed in an exploratory and confirmatory workflow. Users can explore spatial patterns present across tissues through a scalable image viewer and coordinated views highlighting the neighborhood composition and spatial arrangements of cells. To verify or refine existing hypotheses, users can query for specific patterns to determine their presence and statistical significance. Findings can be interactively annotated, ranked, and compared in the form of small multiples. In two case studies with biomedical experts, we demonstrate that Visinity can identify common biological processes within a human tonsil and uncover novel white-blood cell networks and immune-tumor interactions.
A novel design of N-bit approximate comparator for image processing applications
Authors: Kattekola Naresh , Majumdar Shubhankar 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to implement a novel design of approximate comparator which can be suitable for image processing applications.

Design/methodology/approach
Here, the N-bit approximate comparator is implemented by taking reference of N as 2-, 4- and 8-bit. The design analyses the fractional change in error to bit in several bit formats. The final implementation of approximate comparator design application compares the structural similarity index, colour test and extraction of an image to the results.

Findings
The novel approximate comparator was designed using 2-, 4- and 8-bit to explore N-bit comparator expressions. The implementation, computations, evaluation of errors, applications and the design constraints were executed using Python and Synopsys, respectively. The computations, evaluation of errors, applications and the design constraints were executed using Python and Synopsys, respectively.

Originality/value
This paper presents the N-bit accurate and approximate comparator which is novel over the existing design of comparators.
Bringing culture into the picture: cross-cultural differences in online customer reviews
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Lee Eunkyung , Yoon Yeosun 
Published: May 2022

PurposePrior literature on online customer reviews (OCRs) suggests that individuals are socially influenced by information shared by others. Given that the online environment brings together users from different cultures, understanding how users differ in their processing and generation of OCRs across cultures is imperative. Specifically, this paper explores how cross-cultural differences influence OCR generation when there are inconsistencies between recent and overall review ratings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ an empirical study and an experimental approach to test the predictions. For the empirical study (Study 1), the authors collected and analyzed actual review data from an online hotel review platform, Booking.com. This was followed by an experimental study (Study 2) in which the authors manipulated the thinking style represented by each cultural orientation to further explain how and why cross-cultural differences exist.FindingsThe results show that compared with the review ratings of users from collectivist cultures, those of users from individualistic cultures are more likely to follow recent review ratings. Based on the experimental study, the authors further find that such cross-cultural differences in OCR generation are driven by differences in thinking style.Originality/valueThis research extends the literature by demonstrating the cross-cultural differences in individuals' herding tendencies in OCR generation. The authors also add to the literature by showing in which direction OCR herding occurs when there is a discrepancy between overall and recent review ratings. From a managerial perspective, the findings provide guidelines for online platforms serving the global market on predicting customers' OCR generation and constructing appropriate response strategies.
Basic income: a 50-state economic impact analysis
Authors: Jolley G. Jason 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to estimate the economic impact of a basic income for each state in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
Building on existing pilot studies of basic income in the USA, this paper presumes a $500 per month basic income for individuals earning less than $25,000 in annual income. Using impact analysis for planning (IMPLAN) input–output modeling software, estimated increase in gross state product and employment are provided on a state-by-state basis.

Findings
A $6,000 annual basic income ($500 per month) to adult persons earning less than $25,000 annually results in an increase in gross state product (e.g. gross “regional” product in IMPLAN terminology) ranging from 0.7% (District of Columbia) to 5.7% (Florida). Likewise, this increase in household spending will create demand for employment across these states, resulting in an increase in employment from 0.9% (District of Columbia) to 5.8% (Florida).

Originality/value
To date, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first state-by-state analysis of the economic impact of a basic income provision to lower-income individuals.
Investigating webrooming behavior: a case of Indian luxury consumers
Authors: Shankar Amit , Jain Sheetal 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to examine why luxury consumers webroom. The study further examines the intervening effects of social norms, age, and gender.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional data from 374 Indian luxury consumers was collected using questionnaire surveys. Confirmatory factor analysis, covariance-based structural equation modeling and PROCESS macro were used to analyze the data.FindingsFindings suggest that perceived usefulness of searching online, sales-staff assistance, socialization, and need for touch have significant positive effect on attitude toward webrooming. The moderation effect findings suggest that subjective norm significantly moderates the association between attitude toward webrooming and webrooming intention.Practical implicationsPractically, the findings are likely to aid luxury marketers in designing effective channel strategies to maximize their reach via both offline and online channel.Originality/valueThis study provides several contributions to the luxury marketing and retailing literature by examining luxury consumers' webrooming intention.