bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing nuclear versus mitochondrial cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by qRT-PCR and droplet digital PCR using a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Bitenc Marie , Grebstad Tune Benedicte , Melheim Maria , Atneosen-Åsegg Monica , Lai Xiaoran , Rajar Polona , Solberg Rønnaug , Baumbusch Lars Oliver 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the discovery more than half a century ago, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become an attractive objective in multiple diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring settings. However, despite the increasing number of cfDNA applications in liquid biopsies, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the nature of cfDNA including optimal assessment. In the presented study, we continued testing and validation of common techniques for cfDNA extraction and quantification (qRT-PCR or droplet digital PCR) of nuclear- and mitochondrial cfDNA (ncfDNA and mtcfDNA) in blood, using a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia to determine potential temporal and quantitative changes at the levels of cfDNA.

Methods and Results
Newborn piglets (n = 19) were either exposed to hypoxia (n = 11) or were part of the sham-operated control group (n = 8). Blood samples were collected at baseline (= start) and at the end of hypoxia or at 40–45 min for the sham-operated control group. Applying the qRT-PCR method, ncfDNA concentrations in piglets exposed to hypoxia revealed an increasing trend from 7.1 ng/ml to 9.5 ng/ml for HK2 (hexokinase 2) and from 4.6 ng/ml to 7.9 ng/ml for β-globulin, respectively, whereas the control animals showed a more balanced profile. Furthermore, median levels of mtcfDNA were much higher in comparison to ncfDNA, but without significant differences between intervention versus the control group.

Conclusions
Both, qRT-PCR and the droplet digital PCR technique identified overall similar patterns for the concentration changes of cfDNA; but, the more sensitive digital PCR methodology might be required to identify minimal responses.
Automatic model training under restrictive time constraints
Authors: Cironis Lukas , Palczewski Jan , Aivaliotis Georgios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe develop a hyperparameter optimisation algorithm, Automated Budget Constrained Training, which balances the quality of a model with the computational cost required to tune it. The relationship between hyperparameters, model quality and computational cost must be learnt and this learning is incorporated directly into the optimisation problem. At each training epoch, the algorithm decides whether to terminate or continue training, and, in the latter case, what values of hyperparameters to use. This decision weighsoptimallypotential improvements in the quality with the additional training time and the uncertainty about the learnt quantities. The performance of our algorithm is verified on a number of machine learning problems encompassing random forests and neural networks. Our approach is rooted in the theory of Markov decision processes with partial information and we develop a numerical method to compute the value function and an optimal strategy.
Probabilistic modeling of sustainable urban drainage systems
Authors: Raimondi A. , Di Chiano M. G. , Marchioni M. , Sanfilippo U. , Becciu G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) include strategies and solutions for distributed stormwater management and control. They are strongly encouraged, especially in highly urbanized areas that suffer the combined effect of impervious surfaces and the increase in extreme rainfall events due to urbanization growth and climate change. Their integration into traditional urban drainage systems can mitigate flood risk and pollution of receiving water bodies. The main goal of SUDS is to restore the natural water balance by increasing infiltration and evapotranspiration processes and promoting rainwater harvesting and reuse. This paper proposes an analytical-probabilistic approach for SUDS modeling applicable to different systems. Developed equations allow estimating the runoff and residual storage probability for evaluating the efficiency of the storage volume both in terms of flood control and, depending on SUDS type, in terms of emptying time or water needs supply. The modeling considers the possibility of consecutive chained rainfalls; this feature is relevant for SUDS, often characterized by low outflow rates. Relating characteristic parameters to a probabilistic level (the Average Return Interval, ARI) makes the formulas interesting to be used in the design practice. An application to two case studies confirmed the goodness of the proposed method.
Global reconstruction of language models with linguistic rules – Explainable AI for online consumer reviews
Authors: Binder Markus , Heinrich Bernd , Hopf Marcus , Schiller Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnalyzing textual data by means of AI models has been recognized as highly relevant in information systems research and practice, since a vast amount of data on eCommerce platforms, review portals or social media is given in textual form. Here, language models such as BERT, which are deep learning AI models, constitute a breakthrough and achieve leading-edge results in many applications of text analytics such as sentiment analysis in online consumer reviews. However, these language models are “black boxes”: It is unclear how they arrive at their predictions. Yet, applications of language models, for instance, in eCommerce require checks and justifications by means of global reconstruction of their predictions, since the decisions based thereon can have large impacts or are even mandatory due to regulations such as the GDPR. To this end, we propose a novel XAI approach for global reconstructions of language model predictions for token-level classifications (e.g., aspect term detection) by means of linguistic rules based on NLP building blocks (e.g., part-of-speech). The approach is analyzed on different datasets of online consumer reviews and NLP tasks. Since our approach allows for different setups, we further are the first to analyze the trade-off between comprehensibility and fidelity of global reconstructions of language model predictions. With respect to this trade-off, we find that our approach indeed allows for balanced setups for global reconstructions of BERT’s predictions. Thus, our approach paves the way for a thorough understanding of language model predictions in text analytics. In practice, our approach can assist businesses in their decision-making and supports compliance with regulatory requirements.
Meno and the Slave
Authors: Nathan A. R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that the slave demonstration in Plato'sMenocontains a carefully-wrought analogy of Meno's dialectic which can guide our understanding of the dialogue. This analogy exposes and diagnoses Meno's failings as a student who is unwilling to engage in the learning process but simply wants to be spoon-fed information. This, in turn, reveals the way Plato wants us to interact with his text: insofar as the author makes his point implicitly and allusively, we are aptly required to puzzle our way through the text to unravel the meaning. We must actively engage with the text. TheMeno, thus, exemplifies its own didactic message. In this way, I hope to offer a meaningful interpretation of a significant passage in Plato as well as provide a case study of how he can marshal the literary resources at his disposal towards his philosophical ends.
Phaeophyscia kashmirensis sp. nov. (Lecanorales, Physciaceae) from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Fayyaz Iram , Afshan Najam-ul-Sehar , Khalid Abdul Nasir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new species in the genus Phaeophyscia is described from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, supported by nrITS sequences, morphology and chemistry. The taxon is characterized by a green to greyish green thallus, usually narrow (0.5–2 mm), flat to convex lobes with abundant marginal soralia, black, dense small rhizines, small Physcia-type ascospores 18–22 × 8–10 μm and an absence of pycnidia. Differences from related species are discussed.
The regulation of religion in public spaces
Authors: Thompson Simon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA number of controversial aspects of the relationship between religion and the state are located in public space. Although burqa bans, the Swiss minaret ban, and duties to display crucifixes on public buildings are different in various ways, it is significant that they all take place in this particular type of location. However, when normative political theorists have addressed these issues, they have rarely paid sufficient attention to their spatial location, and, as a result, their analyses are lacking a vital dimension. This article shows what can go wrong when these normative analyses do not refer to an account of public space. It then indicates what part of a suitable account would look like by sketching four of its essential elements, referred to as the definition, distinctiveness, differentiation, and dynamism of public space. It is argued that normative political theorists should draw on aspects of such an account in order to achieve a more sophisticated understanding of issues concerning religion in public spaces, as well as to reach more securely grounded normative conclusions about them.
Deliberative constitutionalism ‘without shortcuts’: On the deliberative potential of Cristina Lafont’s judicial review theory
Authors: Guiffré C. Ignacio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeliberative constitutionalism is one of the most important developments of recent decades in constitutional theory and practice. It is in this context that Cristina Lafont’sDemocracy Without Shortcutswas published. Lafont’s theory provides an opportunity to advance the research agenda on deliberative constitutionalism since she offers a deliberative democratic reinterpretation of judicial review. According to this compelling and powerful idea, citizens can challenge any laws in constitutional courts and thus trigger democratic deliberation about rights. With this issue in mind, this article offers a general approach to deliberative constitutionalism, describes Lafont’s reinterpretation of judicial review, and makes explicit five tensions in this reinterpretation of judicial reviewvis-à-visdeliberative constitutionalism: (1) the default authority in the interim; (2) the procedural type of constitutional amendment; (3) the scope of judicial review; (4) the irrelevance of constitutional amendments; and (5) the scope of constituent power.
Pathogenic REST variant causing Jones syndrome and a review of the literature
Authors: Rahikkala Elisa , Julku Johanna , Koskinen Sari , Keski-Filppula Tommi , Weissgraeber Stephanie , Bertoli-Avella Aida M. , Häkli Sanna , Kraatari-Tiri Minna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJones syndrome is a rare dominantly inherited syndrome characterized by gingival fibromatosis and progressive sensorineural hearing loss becoming symptomatic in the second decade of life. Here, we report a father and his two daughters presenting with a typical Jones syndrome (OMIM %135550) phenotype. Exome sequencing identified a repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST, OMIM *600571) (NM_005612.5) c.2670_2673del p.(Glu891Profs*6) heterozygous variant segregating with Jones syndrome in the family. We review the clinical data from all previously published patients with Jones syndrome and previously published patients with pathogenic REST variants associated with gingival fibromatosis or sensorineural hearing loss. This study suggests that pathogenic REST variants cause Jones syndrome.
Energy absorbed from double quantum dot-metal nanoparticle hybrid system
Authors: Akram Haneen , Abdullah Muwaffaq , Al-Khursan Amin H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work proposes the double quantum dot (DQD)-metal nanoparticle (MNP) hybrid system for a high energy absorption rate. The structure is modeled using density matrix equations that consider the interaction between excitons and surface plasmons. The wetting layer (WL)-DQD transitions are considered, and the orthogonalized plane wave (OPW) between these transitions is considered. The DQD energy states and momentum calculations with OPW are the figure of merit recognizing this DQD-MNP work. The results show that at the high pump and probe application, the total absorption rate $$({Q}_{tot})$$

(

Q

tot

)

of the DQD-MNP hybrid system is increased by reducing the distance between DQD-MNP. The high $${Q}_{tot}$$

Q

tot

obtained may relate to two reasons: first, the WL washes out modes other than the condensated main mode. Second, the high flexibility of manipulating DQD states compared to QD states results in more optical properties for DQD. The $${Q}_{DQD}$$

Q

DQD

is increased at a small MNP radius on the contrary to the $${Q}_{MNP}$$

Q

MNP

which is increased at a wider MNP radius. Under high tunneling, a broader blue shift in the $${Q}_{tot}$$

Q

tot

due to the destructive interference between fields is seen and the synchronization between $${Q}_{MNP}$$

Q

MNP

and $${Q}_{DQD}$$

Q

DQD

is destroyed. $${Q}_{tot}$$

Q

tot

for the DQD-MNP is increased by six orders while $${Q}_{DQD}$$

Q

DQD

is by eight orders compared to the single QD-MNP hybrid system. The high absorption rate of the DQD-MNP hybrid system comes from the transition possibilities and flexibility of choosing the transitions in the DQD system, which strengthens the transitions and increases the linear and nonlinear optical properties. This will make the DQD-MNP hybrid systems preferable to QD-MNP systems.
External pressure dynamics promote kidney viability and perfusate filtration during ex vivo kidney perfusion
Authors: Higashi Yuhei , Homma Jun , Sekine Hidekazu , Yago Hiroki , Kobayashi Eiji , Shimizu Tatsuya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNormothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has not yet been established as a technique for preserving organs for a day. A key contributing factor to the same is that the perfusing solutions cannot circulate continuously and evenly in the organs. Here, we conceived a method of applying intermittent air pressure from outside the organ to assist its circulatory distribution during perfusion. We used a perfusion culture system while applying external pressure to culture rat kidneys and compared the circulatory distribution in the kidneys, changes in tissue morphology due to injury, and perfusate filtration. The intermittent pressurization (IMP) (−) group showed markedly poorer circulation on the upper side compared with that in the lower side, alongside histological damage. On the other hand, the IMP (+) group showed improved circulation in the upper side and had lesser histological damage. Furthermore, the IMP (+) group maintained the ability to filter perfusate for 24 h. In transplantation medicine and regenerative medicine research, this method has the potential to contribute to more efficient organ preservation and more functional tissue regeneration in the future.
Nicht korrigierte Entgleisung der Shuntvene bezüglich Durchmesser, Länge, Kinking und Drainagefunktion
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGShuntvenen zeigen, wie seit Langem als Remodeling beschrieben, typischerweise und nicht unerwartet, sondern biologisch herleitbar, zeitlebens mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte, morphologische und/oder funktionelle Veränderungen. Überschreiten diese dabei trotz alltäglich stattfindendem, notabene zuwendendem Gebrauch, bestimmte Grenzen, nicht immer, aber immer wieder scheinbar auch ohne jede Reaktion aller eigentlich dauernd irgendwie Beteiligten, drängt sich das durchaus wertende Adjektiv „verwahrlost“ vielleicht genau deshalb bei distanzierter Betrachtung geradezu auf. Hierher gehört natürlich auch die dezidierte Entscheidung des Patienten, den Shunt eventuell auch über Jahre nicht revidieren zu lassen. Die späte Korrektur, wenn sie denn überhaupt noch versucht wird, erfordert bei Extrembefunden, wie dem hier beschriebenen, ein hohes Maß an shuntchirurgischer Erfahrung und Zuwendung. Die beginnende Nummerierung des kurzen Untertitels lässt weitere Fälle erwarten.
Vitamin D und sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus (sHPT) bei CKD im Spiegel der Zeit
Authors: Brandenburg Vincent Matthias 
Published: December 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEin Vitamin-D-Mangel trägt bei Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease) entscheidend zur Entstehung eines sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus (sHPT) bei. Der Ausgleich dieses Mangels bei CKD-Patienten mit sHPT durch eine regelmäßige Vitamin-D-Substitution hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in Form einer Springprozession vollzogen: Jeder Schritt vor und zurück hat neue, wichtige Erkenntnisse zu den komplexen Zusammenhängen zwischen der medikamentösen Substitution von Vitamin D und den Effekten auf das Parathormon (PTH) und den Knochenstoffwechsel erbracht. Heute können die unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen der Vitamin-D-Therapie (Hyperkalzämie, Hyperphosphatämie) besser kontrolliert werden. Trotzdem steht der Nachweis des klinischen Nutzens immer noch aus, da in den klinischen Studien bisher keine „harten“ Endpunkte (kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, Frakturen, Mortalität etc.) untersucht worden sind.
Ausblick Kalziphylaxie
Authors: Ketteler Markus , Brandenburg Vincent Matthias 
Published: December 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Kalziphylaxie ist eine seltene, mit hoher Mortalität assoziierte Erkrankung der Haut, die hauptsächlich bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Nierenerkrankungen bzw. im Dialysestadium auftritt. Sie ist charakterisiert durch ausgesprochen schmerzhafte, nekrotisierende kutane Ulzerationen. Histomorphologische Kennzeichen sind vor allem ubiquitäre Verkalkungen der Media kleiner Arteriolen und gelegentlich auch in den angrenzenden Geweben. Zu den Differenzialdiagnosen gehören vaskulitische Hautveränderungen, Pyoderma gangraenosum, diabetische Ulzerationen und Cholesterinembolien. Hier geben aber die Patientenanamnese (Niereninsuffizienz, Dialyse, sowie der Einsatz von Vitamin K-Antagonisten) und die Schmerzhaftigkeit wesentliche Hinweise in Richtung Kalziphylaxie. Anfangs bestand die Vermutung, dass die Kalziphylaxie ursächlich einem schweren Hyperparathyreoidismus zugeordnet werden müsse, Registeranalysen haben diese Auffassung aber deutlich relativiert. Vielmehr scheinen Faktoren wie eine überschießende Kalzium- und Phosphatbilanz, ein adynamer Knochenstoffwechsel, Entzündungsprozesse, Verkalkungshemmermangel und therapeutischer Vitamin-K-Antagonismus als Trigger eine kausale Rolle zu spielen. Die aktuellen therapeutischen Ansätze (Natrium-Thiosulfat, Vitamin K2, ggf. Bisphosphonate, ggf. Kalzimimetika oder Parathyreoidektomie) werden möglicherweise mittelfristig um SNF472 (parenterales Phytat), einem pyrophosphatähnlichen Hexaphosphat, ergänzt, das aktuell in prospektiven Studien in der Indikation der Kalziphylaxiebehandlung evaluiert wird.
Evaluation of a real-time computer-aided polyp detection system during screening colonoscopy: AI-DETECT study
Authors: Ahmad Ahmir , Wilson Ana , Haycock Adam , Humphries Adam , Monahan Kevin , Suzuki Noriko , Thomas-Gibson Siwan , Vance Margaret , Bassett Paul , Thiruvilangam Kowshika , Dhillon Angad , Saunders Brian P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Polyp detection and resection during colonoscopy significantly reduce long-term colorectal cancer risk. Computer-aided detection (CADe) may increase polyp identification but has undergone limited clinical evaluation. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of CADe at colonoscopy within a bowel cancer screening program (BCSP).
Methods This prospective, randomized controlled trial involved all eight screening-accredited colonoscopists at an English National Health Service (NHS) BCSP center (February 2020 to December 2021). Patients were randomized to CADe or standard colonoscopy. Patients meeting NHS criteria for bowel cancer screening were included. The primary outcome of interest was polyp detection rate (PDR).
Results 658 patients were invited and 44 were excluded. A total of 614 patients were randomized to CADe (n = 308) or standard colonoscopy (n = 306); 35 cases were excluded from the per-protocol analysis due to poor bowel preparation (n = 10), an incomplete procedure (n = 24), or a data issue (n = 1). Endocuff Vision was frequently used and evenly distributed (71.7 % CADe and 69.2 % standard). On intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, there was a borderline significant difference in PDR (85.7 % vs. 79.7 %; P = 0.05) but no significant difference in adenoma detection rate (ADR; 71.4 % vs. 65.0 %; P = 0.09) for CADe vs. standard groups, respectively. On per-protocol analysis, no significant difference was observed in these rates. There was no significant difference in procedure times.
Conclusions In high-performing colonoscopists in a BCSP who routinely used Endocuff Vision, CADe improved PDR but not ADR. CADe appeared to have limited benefit in a BCSP setting where procedures are performed by experienced colonoscopists.
A Thirteen-Year Analysis of Facial Fractures among Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Kozlowski Konrad M. , Rosston Peter A. , Park Asher C. , Hakimi Amir A. , Socolovsky Leandro , Wong Brian J-F 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aims to identify the epidemiology and effects of facial fractures on return to play (RTP) in Major League Soccer (MLS) and the English Premier League (EPL). A total of 39 MLS players and 40 EPL players who sustained facial fractures from 2007 to 2019 were identified. Data on player demographics, the injury, and the impact of their injury on RTP were collected. Elbow-to-head was the most common mechanism of injury (20.3%). The most common fracture involved the nasal bone (48.3%). Most players (90%) RTP the same season. Players who sustained nasal fractures missed significantly fewer games (p < 0.001) than those who suffered other craniofacial fractures. Players treated surgically missed significantly more games (3.21 vs. 0.71, p = 0.006) and days (30.1 vs. 8.70, p = 0.002) than those managed nonoperatively. Significantly more EPL players who sustained facial fractures wore headgear upon RTP compared to MLS players (82% vs. 56%, p <0 .01). Most professional soccer players who sustain a facial fracture RTP the same season, but their recovery time can vary depending on the type of fracture, injury management, or injury severity. Our findings can help inform future craniofacial injury management as well as guidelines on player safety and fracture prevention.
TBHP/KI-Promoted Oxidative Cyclization of α-Aminoketones for One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted 2-Acyloxazoles
Authors: Zheng Jiecheng , Zhu Dali , Gan Lin Ling , Gan Zongjie , Yang Zhangyou , Chen Huali , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA metal-free and facile synthesis of substituted 2-acyloxazole derivatives from α-aminoketones was developed via a TBHP/KI-promoted oxidative cyclization. This procedure proceeded smoothly under mild conditions and a broad scope of 2-acyloxazoles were obtained in moderate to good yields.