bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cetylated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Axial Discogenic Low Back Pain
Authors: Pelak Alyssa , Carroll Kaitlin M. , Madrazo-Ibarra Antonio , Vad Vijay B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cetylated fatty acids (CFAs) reduce pain through decreasing production of key mediators. They have been successful in improving many conditions including athletic pubalgia, shoulder tendinopathies, and osteoarthritis, but have never been studied in axial discogenic back pain. This study aims to investigate if short term supplementation of oral CFAs reduces pain and disability in patients with axial discogenic low back pain.
Methods
The study included 27 patients with average age 57 ± 16 years diagnosed with axial discogenic low back pain based on axial symptoms of chronic low back pain for more than 3 months. The primary outcome of the study was the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. The secondary outcomes were the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (best, worst, and current pain scores) and adverse events. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and after 4-week supplementation period with oral CFAs.
Results
After four weeks of supplementation, analysis determined statistically significant reduction in ODI scores from 24.6% ± 16.0 to 16.2% ± 10.7 (p value = 0.0022). 48% of patients were determined to be responders by fulfilling the calculated Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for ODI at 4 weeks. NPRS current, worst, and best scores all improved significantly (p-value < 0.05) from baseline to 4 weeks. 11.1% of patients experienced adverse effects, none of which were life threatening.
Conclusion
The use of CFA supplementation reduced axial discogenic low back pain and disability in this prospective study. Further research on the use of this treatment is warranted including randomized controlled trials.
Evaluation of a novel fungal strain Cerrena unicolor GV01 for the biological pretreatment of crop straw
Authors: Ying Wang , Chunjing Cai , Junhua Lu , Xuan Li , Zhaojiang Wang , Chu Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lignin is main residue of agro-industrial biomass which can be decomposed through enzymatic hydrolysis by fungi. In this study, we screened a kind of fungus from birch forest with degradation properties for lignin from nature to make full use of the agricultural straws being discarded as waste. The strain was identified as Cerrena unicolor GV01 by 18S rDNA gene-sequencing technology. The production performances of related enzyme secreted by GV01 were determined. The maximum activity of Lac produced by GV01 was 8396 U•L-1 with corn stalk on the 7th day. Three different crop straws (corn stalk, rice straw and wheat straw) were selected as the research material. The degradation rates of lignin of corn stalk, rice straw and wheat straw were 26.2%, 34.3% and 24.3% by GV01, respectively. The analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) further showed that the pretreatment process by GV01 had significant effects on the structures of corn stalk, rice straw and wheat straw. Thus, GV01 could effectively degrade lignocellulose wastes, which not only saves the cost but also protects the environment.
A novel nomogram model of breast cancer-based imaging for predicting the status of axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Song Xiang , Li Chao , Liu Xiaoyu , Bao Jiaying , Tian Zhaokun , Sun Luhao , Wang Xinzhao , Yu Zhiyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study is aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram model that can preoperatively predict axillary lymph node pathological complete response (pCR) after NAT and avoid unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer patients. A total of 410 patients who underwent NAT and were pathologically confirmed to be axillary lymph node positive after breast cancer surgery were included. They were divided into two groups: patients with axillary lymph node pCR and patients with residual node lesions after NAT. Then the nomogram prediction model was constructed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that molecular subtypes, molybdenum target (MG) breast, computerized tomography (CT) breast, ultrasound (US) axilla, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) axilla, and CT axilla (all p < 0.001) had a significant impact on the evaluation of axillary lymph node status after NAT. The nomogram score appeared that AUC was 0.832 (95%CI: 0.786-0.878) in the training cohort and 0.947 (95%CI: 0.906-0.988) in the validation cohort, respectively. The decision curve represented that the nomogram has a positive predictive ability, indicating its potential as a practical clinical tool.
Fulvic and humic acids extracted from Eucalyptus and hay ameliorate Al toxicity effects on plant root growth through multiple mechanisms.
Authors: Harper Stephen Mark , Menzies Neal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims
In acidic soils aluminium (Al) toxicity, remains a critical crop limitation. Organic amendments can ameliorate Al toxicity due to the production of complex high molecular weight carbon compounds. This study evaluated the role of fulvic and humic acids (FA and HA) from Eucalyptus and hay, in ameliorating effects of Al toxicity.
Methods
The interaction between Eucalyptus and hay FA and HA, and Al on root growth was investigated using dilute nutrient solution. Five Al concentrations (0-270 µM) were combined with four organic acid (OA) treatments; including Nil-OA, FA40 and HA40 (each at 40 mg C L‑1) and a combined treatment FA40HA40.
Results
Eucalyptus FA and HA stimulated root growth. In the absence of Al, hay FA and HA inhibited root growth but addition of Al alleviated this effect. In the presence of FA and HA root growth was not inhibited by nominally toxic monomeric Al concentrations. When root growth was expressed relative to the OA treatment (0 µM Al) the response was consistent with Al toxicity.
Conclusion
Differential effects on root growth of Al toxicity and the FA and HA were identified. FA and HA effects were either inhibitory or stimulatory depending on the source. FA and HA directly complexed with Al to reduce Al toxicity. The direct effect of organic ligands should be considered in root bioassay studies that evaluate Al toxicity in soils. The study identifies both complexation and precipitation as important mechanisms for detoxification of Al.
Optimization and characterization of cellulose extraction from olive pomace
Authors: Han Wanshan , Geng Yuhuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Olive pomace (OP) was used as raw material to extract cellulose by multi-step chemical method, and the extracted cellulose was characterized. The two steps of alkali treatment (alkali concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature) and bleaching (H2O2 concentration, NaOH concentration, bleaching time and bleaching temperature) were optimized. The results showed that the optimum conditions for alkali treatment were as follows: alkali concentration 6%, reaction time 2 h, reaction temperature 95°C; the optimal bleaching conditions were as follows: 7.5% H2O2 solution, 5% NaOH, bleaching time 2 h, bleaching temperature 75°C. After multi-step chemical treatment, the cellulose content of the final OP cellulose was (86.41 ± 0.27) %, the lignin content was (6.77 ± 0.55) %, the extraction process yield was 20.36%. By scanning electron microscopy, the surface of OP cellulose changes from dense smooth structure to rough irregular structure with different treatment degrees. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proved the removal of hemicellulose and lignin in OP fibers after chemical treatment. The crystallinity of OP fiber increased from 34.80–68.69% after treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that OP cellulose had high thermal stability. The study provides a new idea for the conversion of industrial processing by-products into high-quality cellulose, and proves that it is feasible to extract cellulose from olive pomace.
Diversification of the shell shape and size in Baikal Candonidae ostracods in the light of molecular phylogeny
Authors: Karanovic Ivana , Pham Huyen T. M. , Sitnikova Tanya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ostracod shells are used extensively in paleontology, but we know little about their evolution, especially in ancient lakes. Lake Baikal (LB) is the world’s most important stronghold of Candonidae diversity. These crustaceans radiated here rapidly (12-5 Ma) and with an unprecedented morphological diversity. We reconstruct their molecular phylogeny with 46 species and two markers (18S and 16S rRNA), and use it to estimate the evolution of the shell shape and size with landmark-based geometric morphometrics (LBGM). High posterior probabilities support four major clades, which differ in node depth and morphospace clustering. After removing a significant allometry, the first three principal components (PCs) describe about 88% of total variability, suggesting a strong integration. Reconstructed ancestral shapes are similar for all four clades, indicating that diversification happened after colonization. Major evolutionary changes occurred from trapezoidal to elongated shapes. Sister species are separated in morphospace, by centroid size, or both, as well as by vertical and horizontal distributions in LB. Ostracod shell is a strongly integrated structure that exhibits high evolvability, with some extreme shapes, although mostly along the first PC. This is the first study that combines molecular phylogeny and LBGM for ostracods and for any LB group.
Design of a novel 2D ultrasonic transducer for 2D high-frequency vibration-assisted micro-machining
Authors: Satpute Vinod , Huo Dehong , Hedley John , Elgendy Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining (VAM) is a process in which a tool or workpiece is vibrated using ultrasonic frequency small-amplitude vibrations to improve cutting performance, and an ultrasonic transducer usually generates these vibrations. This study investigates how two-dimensional vibrations are generated using axially polled piezoceramics. Modifying the wave propagation in geometric ways by creating a notch at the front mass, the longitudinal response excited by the axially polled piezoceramic discs can be converted into combined longitudinal and bending vibrations at the transducer front mass. Finite element analysis (FEA) software COMSOL is used to study wave propagation, and ANSYS is used to optimize the transducer's mechanical structure, while an equivalent circuit approach is used to analyze the electrical impedance spectra and confirm its resonance frequency. An experimental analysis of impedance response and amplitude of generated vibrations using the novel 2D ultrasonic transducer is conducted to validate the numerical and analytical results, which shows that resonance frequency results are in very good agreement with the theoretical model. Finally, the proposed design is validated by preliminary test results that demonstrate its performance and principles.
WITHDRAWN: Potential use of insect bioactive compounds in animal rations
Authors: Shah Assar Ali , Matra Maharach , Wanapat Metha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The study examined the effects of insect various species such as those of Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio monitor, and Bombyx mori which have long been practiced in combination with medicinal plants and are an important alternative to modern medicine in many parts of the world. The current use of traditional pesticides since about 2010 and the characteristics of isolated biologically active molecules are presented. The natural insect products were examined or isolated from ants, bees, beetles, cockroaches, termites, bees, etc. The biological activities of these natural products derived from insects include antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Insect sources in animal feeds rarely distorted the relevant physicochemical variables or the sensory profile of the meat, while the fatty acid (FA) profile was the most affected variable. In fact, with proper attention, insect derivatives have great potential for the future of drug discovery of natural product, as well as for human nutritious food and for animal feeding. The inclusion of insect powder in animal feeds resulted in the prevention and treatment of disease, enhances the growth of animals and promotes the bioactive compounds in animal-based products. Due to the sustainability of its breeding, large-scale cultures of these insects seem economically viable. Insect oil and protein and chitin ingredients are widely used in cosmetics and these substances are considered as high value co-products. The major challenges associated with their use will be linked to the development of methods for separating industrial-derived materials.
Chemically routed interpore molecular diffusion in nanoporous thin films
Authors: Maity Tanmoy , Malik Pratibha , Bawari Sumit , Ghosh Soumya , Mondal Jagannath , Haldar Ritesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Transport diffusivity of molecules in a porous solid is constricted by the rate at which molecules move from one pore to the other, along the concentration gradient, i.e. by following Fickian diffusion. In heterogeneous porous materials, i.e. in the presence of pores of different sizes and chemical environments, diffusion rate and directionality remain tricky to estimate and adjust. In such a porous system, we have realized that molecular diffusion direction can be orthogonal to the concentration gradient. To experimentally determine this complex diffusion rate dependency and get insight of the microscopic diffusion pathway, we have designed a model nanoporous structure, metal-organic framework (MOF). In this model two chemically and geometrically distinct nanopores are spatially oriented by an epitaxial layer-by-layer growth method. The specific design of the nonporous channels and quantitative mass uptake rate measurements have indicated that the mass uptake is governed by the interpore diffusion along the direction orthogonal to the concentration gradient. This revelation allows chemically carving the nanopores, and accelerating the interpore diffusion and kinetic diffusion selectivity.
Relationships between Left circumflex artery (LCX) and Left anterior descending (LAD) involvements and calcification in patients with Coronary heart disease(CHD): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hassani Sara , Azami Mobin , Asadi Bahador , Rahmatian Aryobarzan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between LM, LAD, and LCX lesions and calcification in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Medical, and Research center (Tehran, Iran).
Methods
The present study was an applied, cross-sectional, and observational study conducted on hospitalized patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD). By non-random sampling, 50 CHD patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. CT angiography and MRI results were investigated, and field data collected by checklists were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics v. 13.00.
Results
There was no relationship between LM involvement and calcification, with 80% sensitivity and 44% specificity in the diagnosis of LM involvement. By contrast, LAD involvement was significantly correlated with calcification, with 77.8% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity in diagnosing LAD involvement. Likewise, a significant association was observed between LCX involvement and calcification, with corresponding LCX involvement diagnosis sensitivity and specificity values of 72.2% and 91.7%, respectively.
Conclusion
There was a significant correlation between LAD/LCX and calcification; However, there was no meaningful connection between LM and calcification.
Long-term bowel function after single-stage transanal endorectal pull-through in neonatal patients with Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Liu Zhaozhou , Zhang Yanan , Li Shuangshuang , Zhao Jiawei , Yang Ting , Huang# Jinshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes of neonatal patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) after single-stage transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT) and to explore the predictive factors contributing to subnormal bowel function.
Methods
Patients aged > 3 years operated for HD with TEPT during neonatal period between 2007 and 2019 answered the bowel function score (BFS) questionnaire. The patients were retrospectively divided into two groups according to whether they had normal bowel function. The clinical variables were compared between the subnormal and normal BFS groups. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the predictive factors contributing to subnormal bowel function.
Results
A total of 160 children (71.7%) were included in this study, with mean follow-up time of 7.3 years (range: 3.0-15.1 years). The level of aganglionosis were determined to be the short-segment (124/160, 77.5%), long-segment (33/160, 20.6%), and TCA (3/160, 1.9%). One hundred and thirty-four patients (83.8%) had a BFS ≥ 17, and 26 patients (16.2%) with subnormal bowel function (BFS < 17). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that level of aganglionosis with long-segment or TCA and postoperative hospital stay > 8.5 days were independent risk factors with OR of 3.213 (1.252, 8.246) and 3.813 (1.371, 10.606) for subnormal BFS, respectively.
Conclusion
Most HD patients who underwent one-stage TEPT in the neonatal period have favorable long-term results, and the level of aganglionosis with long-segment or TCA and long postoperative hospital stay may be closely related to subnormal bowel function.
KAP1 modulates osteogenic differentiation via the ERK/Runx2 cascade in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Bai Weiwei , Cheng Meijuan , Jin Jingjing , Zhang Dongxue , Li Lanmei , Bai Yaling , Xu Jinsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Osteoblast phenotypic transition in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been unveiled as a common cause of vascular calcification (VC). Krüppel-Associated Box (KRAB)-Associated Protein 1(KAP1) is a transcriptional corepressor that modulates various intracellular pathological processes from gene expression to DNA repair to signal transduction. However, the function and mechanism of KAP1 on the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs have not been evaluated yet.
Methods and results We demonstrate that the expression of KAP1 in VSMCs is significantly enhanced in vivo and in vitro calcification models. Downregulating the expression of KAP1 suppresses the osteoblast phenotypic transition of VSMCs, which is indicated by a decrease in the expression of osteoblast marker collagenase type I (COL I) and an increase in the expression of VSMC marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Conversely, exogenous overexpression of KAP1 could promote osteoblast phenotypic transition of VSMCs. Moreover, KAP1 upregulated the expression of RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2), an inducer of osteoblast that positively regulates many osteoblast-related genes, such as COL I. Evaluation of the potential mechanism demonstrated that KAP1 promoted osteoblast phenotypic transition of VSMCs by activating the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway, which could activate Runx2. In support of this finding, KAP1-induced cell osteoblast phenotypic transition is abolished by treatment with PD0325901, a specific ERK inhibitor.
Conclusions The present study suggested that KAP1 participated in the osteoblast differentiation of VSMCs via the ERK/Runx2 cascade and served as a potential diagnostics and therapeutics target for vascular calcification.
C3N Nanodots Impede Aβ Peptides Aggregation Pathogenic Path in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yin Xiuhua , Zhou Hong , zhang mengling , Su Juan , wang xiao , Li Sijie , Yang Zaixing , Kang Zhenhui , Zhou Ruhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence that the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly associated with the aggregation of Aβ peptides. Still, FDA has approved only one anti-aggregation-based therapy over the past several decades. Here, we report the discovery of an Aβ peptide aggregation inhibitor: an ultra-small nanodot called C3N. C3N nanodots alleviate aggregation-induced neuron cytotoxicity, rescue neuronal death, and prevent neurite damage in vitro. Importantly, they reduce the global cerebral Aβ peptides levels, particularly in fibrillar amyloid plaques, and restore synaptic loss in AD mice. Consequently, these C3N nanodots significantly ameliorate behavioral deficits of APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice. Moreover, analysis of critical tissues (e.g., heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) display no obvious pathological damage, suggesting C3N nanodots are biologically safe. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations also reveal the inhibitory mechanisms of C3N nanodots in Aβ peptides aggregation and its potential application against AD.
Genomic exaptation and convergent evolution paved the way to independent subterranean colonization across beetle lineages
Authors: Balart-García Pau , Aristide Leandro , Bradford Tessa , Beasley-Hall Perry , Polak Slavko , Ribera Ignacio , Cooper Steven , Fernandez Rosa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adaptation to life in caves is often accompanied by dramatically convergent changes across distantly related taxa, epitomized by the loss or reduction of eyes and pigmentation. Nevertheless, the genomic underpinnings underlying the evolution of cave-related phenotypes are largely unexplored. We investigated genome-wide gene evolutionary dynamics in three distantly related beetle tribes with at least six instances of independent colonization of subterranean habitats, inhabiting both aquatic and terrestrial underground systems. Our results indicate that remarkable genomic changes mainly driven by gene family expansions occurred prior to underground colonization in the three tribes, suggesting that genomic exaptation may have facilitated a strict subterranean lifestyle parallelly across beetle lineages. The three tribes experienced both parallel and convergent changes in the evolutionary dynamics of their gene repertoires. These findings pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the genomic toolkit of hypogean fauna from a macroevolutionary perspective.
Effect of target thickness and laser irradiance on the Back-reflection-enhanced laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy signal in glass
Authors: Elhasaan Asmaa , Harith Mohamed , Abdelhamid Mahmoud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the work that is being presented here, the effect of sample thickness and laser irradiance on the reduction of the signal-to-background ratio SBG and the plasma parameters, specifically electron temperature and electron density, is being investigated using back-reflection-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ( BRELIBS). Copper and silver discs that had been highly polished were attached to the back surface of the glass target, and the Nd-YAG laser beam that was focused on the front surface of the target was tuned to its fundamental wavelength. The thicknesses of the transparent glass samples that were analysed were one millimetre, three millimetres, and six millimetres. One is able to achieve a range of different laser irradiance levels by adjusting the working distance that exists between the target sample and the focusing lens. The end result of this is that the signal-to-background ratio in the BRELIBS spectra of thicker glass samples is significantly lower as compared to the ratio in the spectra of thinner glass samples. In addition, a significant influence of modifying the laser irradiance (by increasing the working distance on the SBG ratio) is seen at various glass thicknesses for both BRELIBS and LIBS, with BRELIBS having a better SBG. Nevertheless, the laser-induced plasma parameter known as the electron temperature has not been significantly impacted by the decrease in the glass thickness.