bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compassion and extracurricular activities of Portuguese Health Sciences students in Portugal
Authors: Santiago Luiz Miguel , Rosendo Inês , Valente Catarina , Ferreira António Cruz , Simões José Augusto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Compassion, one of the items of empathy, is crucial in health care professions. So, the evaluation of the levels of compassion of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Master Degrees’ (M.D.) students of the public Colleges in Portugal according to the type of Master Degree and the participation in extracurricular activities (E.A.) was a task to be performed.

Methods
Cross-sectional study in 2020, applying an on-line questionnaire including the “Compassion” items of the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale – Students’ version and questions about the participation in E.A.

Results
A sample of 901 students was studied. Its distribution by participation in E.A. did not differ significantly between M.D. (p = 0,854), most of the students participating in E.A. Using quartile distribution of compassion, the distribution of compassion levels was different among the three I.M. (p < 0.001), between Colleges (p < 0.001), and between curricular years (p < 0.001), with not different between genders (p = 0.036). For 56.4%, 74,6% and 69,5% of the respondents there was “medium-low” and “low” compassion for I.M. in Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Dentistry. These levels were also more prevalent among students in the 1st and 5th years. Levels of compassion were not different with the participation (p = 0,865), type (p = 0,177) and frequency of E.A. (p = 0,109).

Conclusions
For their importance in future health care professionals, compassion and their differences found among the M.Ds. of this area deserve future studies. Levels of compassion showed differences between the M.D. studied and academic years of frequency. There was no relationship between the participation, type, and frequency of E.A. and the students’ levels of compassion.
The distribution of the level of compassion did not vary significantly with participation in E.A. (p = 0.865), with the type of E.A. (p = 0.177), with the frequency of E.A. (p = 0.109) or with the answer to the question “The practice of E.A. can make a person more compassionate?” (p = 0.503).
Impact of the primary care residents on the productivity of the ambulatory health centres in Portugal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Reis Ivo , Envia Gonçalo , Santos Paulo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The presence of residents in Primary Care health centres may influence their operational results.

Aim
To examine the relationship between the presence of residents and the results of the evaluation in Portuguese Primary Care Health Centres.

Methods
We conduct a cross-sectional study, comparing the results achieved by the mainland Portuguese Primary Care Health Centres measured by the Global Performance Index (Índice de desempenho global – IDG) by the presence of General & Family Medicine residents in training. Analysis took into consideration the distribution by region and typology of the health centres.

Results
We evaluated 906 units, 55.7% involved in the training of General & Family Medicine residence. The presence of residents was associated with higher Global Performance Index values (77.3 vs 57.6; p < 0.001). The higher difference was found in the less developed Personalized Health Care Units and in the region of Lisbon and Tagus Valley.

Conclusion
The presence of residents in training is a contributing factor in the productivity of the Primary Health Care facilities. It may model the asymmetry in the performance of Portuguese Health Centres.
Development of a patient-oriented navigation model for patients with lung cancer and stroke in Germany
Authors: Gödde Kathrin , Fügemann Hella , Desch Anke , Stumm Judith , Schindel Daniel , Rieckmann Nina , Meisel Andreas , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline , Goerling Ute , Holmberg Christine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The concept of patient navigation was first established in the USA to support vulnerable patient groups in receiving timely and comprehensive access to cancer care. It has recently gained increasing interest in Germany to support patients with chronic diseases in a fragmented healthcare system. The aim of this paper is to present the development of such a model adapted to the German context based on the results of mixed-methods studies investigating the need for and barriers to patient-oriented care.

Methods
In a process adapted from Delphi rounds, we conducted regular structured workshops with investigators of the project to discuss results of their studies and identify content and structure of the model based on the data. Workshop discussions were structured along seven core components of a navigation model including target patient groups, navigator tasks, occupational background and education of navigators, and patient-navigator interaction mode.

Results
Using an approach based on empirical data of current care practices with special focus on patients’ perspectives, we developed a patient-oriented navigation model for patients who have experienced stroke and lung cancer in the German healthcare context. Patients without personal social support were viewed as struggling most with the healthcare system, as well as multimorbid and elderly patients. Navigators should serve as a longer-term contact person with a flexible contact mode and timing based on the individual situation and preferences of patients. Navigator tasks include the provision of administrative and organizational support as well as referral and guidance to available resources and beneficial health programs with special forms of knowledge. Implementation of the navigator should be flexibly located to ensure a reliable outreach to vulnerable patients for first contact in settings like specialized in-patient and out-patient settings, while navigation itself focuses on care coordination in the out-patient setting.

Conclusion
Flexibility of navigator tasks needed to be a core characteristic of a navigation model to be perceived as supportive from patients’ perspectives. In a subsequent feasibility study, an intervention based on the model will be evaluated according to its acceptance, demand, and practicality.
lncRNA MALAT1 promotes HCC metastasis through the peripheral vascular infiltration via miRNA-613: a primary study using contrast ultrasound
Authors: Zhou Dandan , Wang Ying , Hu Haifeng , Liu Huilin , Deng Jiajia , Li Lu , Zheng Chunlei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the specific pathogenesis of lncRNA MALAT1 promoting the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through peripheral blood vessels by regulating the expression of miRNA-613 molecule.

Methods
The data of 60 HCC metastatic patients and 60 HCC non-metastatic patients detected by the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College from January 2020 to June 2021 were collected, as well as postoperatively retained HCC tissues and paired paracancer tissues (5 cm laterally from the edge of the cancer area), to study the changes of microangiogenesis in HCC tissues with CEUS. The correlation between CEUS grading and lncRNA MALAT1 in patients with HCC was analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis, lncRNA MALAT1 and miRNA-613 in HCC tissues of patients with HCC were detected by qRT-PCR, followed by the bioinformatic analysis for the relationship between lncRNA MALAT1 and miRNA-613. The Log-growing human HCC cell strain, HepG2, was selected for experiments. Adenovirus transfection knocked down lncRNA MALAT1 in HCC cells, which was divided into two groups (inhibitor-NC group and lncR-inhibitor group), followed by knocking down miRNA-613 on the basis of knocking down lncRNA MALAT1, which was divided into three groups (inhibitor-NC group, lncR-inhibitor groups, and lncR/miR613-inhibitor group). The expression of miRNA-613 and lncRNA MALAT1 in each group was detected by qRT-PCR. The migration and invasiveness of cells in each group were detected by Transwell assay.

Results
CEUS of HCC and Pearson correlation analysis showed that CEUS grading and lncRNA MALAT1 were positively correlated in patients with HCC. In HCC tissues of patients with HCC, lncRNA MALAT1 expressed high and miRNA-613 expressed low. The results of bioinformatic analysis showed the targeting of lncRNA MALAT1 and miRNA-613. Knocking down lncRNA MALAT1 could increase miRNA-613 expression significantly, and reduce the migration of HCC cells. Inhibiting miRNA-613 based on knocking down lncRNA MALAT1 could increase the survival and migration of HCC cells.

Conclusions
lncRNA MALAT1 can promote HCC metastasis through the peripheral vascular infiltration by inhibiting the level of MiRNA-613, which can, therefore, be used as a potential target for the treatment of HCC.
Does the anatomical region predict blood loss or neurological deficits in embolized renal cancer spine metastases? A single-center experience with 31 patients
Authors: Voelker Anna , Osterhoff Georg , Einhorn Stefanie , Ebel Sebastian , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard , Pieroh Philipp 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
No comparison of a single hypervascular tumor entity in terms of major complications in different spinal regions has been performed. We aimed to evaluate post-embolic and post-operative outcomes in anatomic regions with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases to the spine.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated data from patients with confirmed, embolized, and surgically treated RCC spine metastases at a single-spine center between 2010 and 2020. Patients were divided into thoracic (TSM) and lumbar (LSM) spine metastasis groups.

Results
Seventeen patients had TSM and 14 had LSM. In all cases, embolization was performed preoperatively. The ΔHb value did not differ between the two groups pre- and postoperatively (p=0.3934). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between both groups either within 1 day or 2 days after embolization. Neurological deficits occurred in eight patients after embolization or surgery, with no significant difference between TSM (n=5) and LSM (n=3).

Conclusions
Embolization is the standard procedure for the preoperative treatment of hypervascular spinal metastases, possible up to 48 h before surgery, without the risk of higher intraoperative blood loss. Regardless of intraoperative complications, major complications can occur up to several hours after embolization. We recommend surgery the day after embolization to reliably detect neurologic complications from this procedure.
Anthropogenic legacies shaping the present composition of demarcation trees in a temperate upland field landscape in Japan
Authors: Yoshinori Tokuoka , Kenichiro Kimura , Mitsunori Oka 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Isolated trees are often planted in agricultural landscapes around the world, but their planting background often remains unclear. In this study, we examined the history of demarcation trees in Ibaraki Prefecture in eastern Japan by using land dispute records mainly from the early modern period (from 1600 to 1868), the Rapid Survey Map (RSM) drawn in the late nineteenth century, demarcation tree records from 2011, and interviews of the local residents.

Methods
We reviewed 39 documents on land disputes to examine the temporal and spatial usage of demarcation tree species in the early modern period. The association between the present distribution of 1486 individuals of six demarcation tree species and past land use in the RSM were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test and residual analysis. In addition, we conducted interviews with 48 farmers, most of whom were over 60 years old.

Results
The demarcation plants in vast communal lands and village boundaries in the early modern period were mostly visually prominent tall trees, usually pines. In contrast, smaller trees were planted for demarcation in small-scale areas of forests and farmlands. Although Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) DC. Has been planted since the mid-eighteenth century, its planting seems to have accelerated as communal forests were divided mainly in the Meiji period (from 1868 to 1912). The present dominant state of Deutzia crenata Siebold et Zucc. in older farmlands and its ritual use, history of upland field development in the Kanto region, and ancient demarcation use in central Japan indicate its original use may date back to the medieval (from 1185 to 1600) or ancient ritsuryo period (from the seventh century to 1185). Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) and mulberry (Morus spp.) individuals were considered as early modern or modern crop remnants. Results from the map-based analysis and interviews clarified the recent increase in the use of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. and Celtis sinensis Pers. for demarcation.

Conclusions
Chronologically dynamic anthropogenic legacies have shaped the present agricultural landscape with different demarcation tree species. A better understanding of the dynamic transformation of vegetation under human influence adds to the historical heritage value of the landscape and should motivate its conservation.
Research priorities in emergency general surgery (EGS): a modified Delphi approach
Authors: Vaughan Elizabeth Mary , Pearson Robert , Wohlgemut Jared Mark , Knight Stephen Richard , Spiers Harry , Damaskos Dimitrios , Cornish Julie , Parmar Chetan , Mahawar Kamal , Moug Susan , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Catena Fausto , Tierney Gillian , Wilson Michael Samuel James ,   the Scottish Surgical Research Group, the World Society of Emergency Surgery and the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain & Ireland
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Emergency general surgery (EGS) patients account for more than one-third of admissions to hospitals in the National Health Service (NHS) in England. The associated mortality of these patients has been quoted as approximately eight times higher than that of elective surgical admissions. This study used a modified Delphi approach to identify research priorities in EGS. The aim was to establish a research agenda using a formal consensus-based approach in an effort to identify questions relevant to EGS that could ultimately guide research to improve outcomes for this cohort.

Methods
Three rounds were conducted using an electronic questionnaire and involved health care professionals, research personnel, patients and their relatives. In the first round, stakeholders were invited to submit clinical research questions that they felt were priorities for future research. In rounds two and three, participants were asked to score individual questions in order of priority using a 5-point Likert scale. Between rounds, an expert panel analysed results before forwarding questions to subsequent rounds.

Results
Ninety-two EGS research questions were proposed in Phase 1. Following the first round of prioritisation, forty-seven questions progressed to the final phase. A final list of seventeen research questions were identified from the final round of prioritisation, categorised as condition-specific questions of high interest within general EGS, emergency colorectal surgery, non-technical and health services research. A broad range of research questions were identified including questions on peri-operative strategies, EGS outcomes in older patients, as well as non-technical and technical influences on EGS outcomes.

Conclusions
Our study provides a consensus delivered framework that should determine the research agenda for future EGS projects. It may also assist setting priorities for research funding and multi-centre collaborative strategies within the academic clinical interest of EGS.
First, do no harm: the proposed definition of “terminal anorexia” is fraught with danger for vulnerable individuals
Authors: Riddle Megan , O’Melia Anne Marie , Bauschka Maryrose 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA recent article in the Journal of Eating Disorders (10:23, 2022) proposed criteria for “terminal anorexia” with a cited goal of improving access to end-of-life care (Gaudiani et al. in J Eat Disord 10(1):23, 2022). The authors presented three cases in which patients received end-of-life care, including the prescription of medical assistance in dying (MAID), also known as physician-assisted suicide (PAS). The proposed criteria lack the evidence base for adoption and do not acknowledge the compelling evidence that exists surrounding possible prolonged timelines to recovery for some individuals and the nuances of assessing capacity in this population.
Ugliness in architecture in the Australian, American, British and Italian milieus: Subtopia between the 1950s and the 1970s
Authors: Charitonidou Marianna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article examines the reorientations of the appreciation of ugliness within different national contexts in a comparative and relational frame, juxtaposing the Australian, American, British and Italian milieus. It also explores the ways in which the transformation of the urban fabric and the effect of suburbanization were perceived in the aforementioned national contexts. Special attention is paid to the production and dissemination of how the city’s uglification was conceptualized between the 1950s and 1970s. Pivotal for the issues that this article addresses are Ian Nairn’s Outrage: On the Disfigurement of Town and Countryside, Robin Boyd’s The Australian Ugliness, Donald Gazzard’s Australian Outrage: The Decay of a Visual Environment, and the way the phenomenon of urban expansion is treated in these books in comparison with other books from the four national contexts under study, such as Ludovico Quaroni’s La torre di Babele and Reyner Banham’s The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic?. Particular emphasis is placed on Boyd’s articles in The Architectural Review between 1951 and 1970. At the core of the article is the analysis of the debates around ugliness between the 1950s and 1970s within the British, Italian, American and Australian contexts.
Purification and biofabrication of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy against pathogens and cancer cells
Authors: Lee Yen-Ju , Yi Ying-Chen , Lin Yu-Chieh , Chen Chao-Chung , Hung Jia-Horung , Lin Jia-Yi , Ng I-Son 
Published: June 2022

Abstract5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid which has involved in heme metabolism of organisms, and has been widely applied in agriculture, and medical fields nowadays. 5-ALA is used in the elimination of pathogens or cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to the photosensitizer reaction which releases the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, biofabrication of 5-ALA is regarded as the most efficient and eco-friendly approach, but the complicated ingredient of medium causes the nuisance process of purification, resulting in low recovery and high producing cost. In this study, hydrogen chloride, sodium acetate, and ammonia were examined to maximize the recovery of 5-ALA from ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), thus a 92% recovery in 1 M ammonia at pH 9.5 was obtained. Afterward, the activated carbon was used for decolorization to further remove the pigments from the eluent. Four organic solvents, i.e., diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, and acetone were compared to extract and form 5-ALA precipitation. The purified 5-ALA was verified to eliminate 74% of A549 human lung cancer and 83% of A375 melanoma skin cancer cell. Moreover, Proteus hauseri, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were killed via anti-microbial PDT with 1% 5-ALA and reached 100% killing rate at optimal condition. With the addition of 0.05% 5-ALA during the culture, the growth of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana was improved to against a common aquatic pathogen, A. hydrophila. The broad application of 5-ALA was demonstrated in this study for the first time.
Graphical Abstract
Determination of puberty in gilts: contrast of diagnostic methods
Authors: Vela Antonio , Suárez-Usbeck Andrés , Lafoz Laura , Mitjana Olga , Tejedor María Teresa , Martín Sofía , López Marina , Falceto María Victoria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly onset of a gilt´s puberty is needed for adequate economic performance in farms, because it indicates her reproductive performance and longevity. Therefore, an effective diagnosis is needed. Our purpose was to compare different procedures (external characteristics, blood progesterone analysis and ultrasonography diagnosis) to detect puberty in 70 gilts (Topigs TN70; 240 days old) on farm conditions. Postmortem examination was the standard reference. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify which combination of independent variables (predictors) best predicts the status of gilts.ResultsPuberty (46/70 gilts; 65.71%) was characterized by the presence of follicles larger than 6 mm,corpus albicans, corpus rubrum,andcorpus luteum(postmortem examination). Vaginal length, body condition, backfat, carcass weight and progesterone blood concentration were significantly higher in pubertal than prepubertal gilts (P < 0.05). Two types of ultrasonography equipment (DELTA and W3) were compared and performed by the same senior technician (V1). The results obtained by two technicians with different levels of experience (V1 and V2, a junior technician) using W3 were also compared. Ultrasonography provided better results than other diagnostic techniques, although the effectiveness of the ultrasonography changed with technological improvements and with increased expertise of technicians. The most accurate results were found by V1/DELTA (Nagelkerke´s R2 = 0.846; Sensitivity = 0.956; Specificity = 0.958; Positive predictive value = 0.978; Negative predictive value = 0.920; Area under ROC curve = 0.957). Results using the W3 equipment could be improved when used in conjunction with vaginal length (V1; Nagelkerke´s R2 = 0.834; Sensitivity = 0.933; Specificity = 0.958; Positive predictive value = 0.977; Negative predictive value = 0.885; Area under ROC curve = 0.972) or progesterone concentration (V2; Nagelkerke´s R2 = 0.780; Sensitivity = 0.955; Specificity = 0.826; Positive predictive value = 0.915; Negative predictive value = 0.905; Area under ROC curve = 0.970).ConclusionsUltrasonography provided better results than other diagnostic techniques. The effectiveness of the ultrasonography changes with technological improvements and with increased expertise of technicians. Results using the W3 equipment could be improved when used along with vaginal length (V1) or progesterone concentration (V2). Accuracy parameters are a guide to choose puberty diagnosis, but the farms must also evaluate effect on gilts, ease and cost of administration.
Impact of resilience on disease severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Ismail Zahraa Nour Eldine , Hefny Mohamed Ahmed , Hendi Ahmed Elarabi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Resilience is the process of adjusting successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, threats, or severe stress, such as serious health problems. It is one of the factors that affect recovery from psychiatric disorders. It was suggested that fibromyalgia patients have low resilience. This study aimed to assess the impact of resilience on disease severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia.

Results
We found that patients with fibromyalgia had a significantly lower resilience and higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities than the control group (P < 0.05). Also, fibromyalgia patients with high disease severity had a significantly lower resilience and a higher percentage of psychiatric problems than those with a better disease state (P = 0.0001). Also, there was a significant negative correlation of resilience with disease severity (as assessed by the FIQ score), visual analog scale (VAS) of anxiety, and VAS of depression (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion
Resilience significantly impacts the severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia. So, enhancing and improving resilience must be considered in the management protocols of fibromyalgia patients.