bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The therapeutic potential of bone marrow‐derived macrophages in neurological diseases
Authors: Zhou Kai , Han Jinming , Wang Yafeng , Xu Yiran , Zhang Yaodong , Zhu Changlian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCirculating monocytes are precursors of both tissue macrophages and dendritic cells, and they can infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) where they transform into bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs play essential roles in various CNS diseases, thus modulating BMDMs might be a way to treat these disorders because there are currently no efficient therapeutic methods available for most of these neurological diseases. Moreover, BMDMs can serve as promising gene delivery vehicles following bone marrow transplantation for otherwise incurable genetic CNS diseases. Understanding the distinct roles that BMDMs play in CNS diseases and their potential as gene delivery vehicles may provide new insights and opportunities for using BMDMs as therapeutic targets or delivery vehicles. This review attempts to comprehensively summarize the neurological diseases that might be treated by modulating BMDMs or by delivering gene therapies via BMDMs after bone marrow transplantation.
Glomerular macrophage index (GMI) in kidney transplant biopsies is associated with graft outcome
Authors: Mölne Johan , Nasic Salmir , Bröcker Verena , Stegmayr Bernd , Felldin Marie , Peters Björn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMacrophages in renal transplants have been shown to participate in antibody‐mediated rejection and are associated with impaired renal function. We calculated the glomerular macrophage index (GMI) in a large transplant biopsy cohort, studied its quantity in different diagnostic groups, to clarify its possible impact on graft survival.MethodsGMI, defined as the mean number of macrophages in 10 glomeruli, was prospectively quantified in 1440 renal transplant biopsies over a 10‐year period. The main histopathological diagnoses were grouped into eight disease entities, and GMI was compared to normal transplant biopsies as the reference group. The impact of GMI on graft survival was analyzed.ResultsGMI was highest in chronic (mean 9.4) and active (9.7) antibody mediated rejections (ABMR), mixed rejections (7.6), and recurrent or de novo glomerulonephritis (7.5) and differed significantly from normal transplants (1.3) in almost all diagnostic groups. Hazard ratios for graft loss were significantly increased for all biopsies with GMI ≥1.9 compared to GMI < .5 (reference group) in an adjusted Cox regression model and increased with higher GMI levels. Biopsies with GMI ≥ 4.6 had < 60% 10‐year graft‐survival, compared to > 80% with GMI ≤ 1.8.ConclusionGMI levels were predictive of graft loss independent of histological diagnoses and may guide clinicians to decide follow‐up and therapy.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography of lentigo maligna with horizontal and vertical histopathologic correlations
Authors: Verzì Anna Elisa , Broggi Giuseppe , Caltabiano Rosario , Micali Giuseppe , Lacarrubba Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLentigo maligna (LM) is a subtype of in situ melanoma that classically presents in elderly patients as a slowly growing lesion on sun‐exposed areas that may evolve to invasive melanoma. Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a new non‐invasive technique for a real‐time, vertical, and horizontal skin imaging with high resolution close to conventional histopathology. We present the LC‐OCT features of an LM of the nose in a 49‐year‐old white man along with their horizontal and vertical histopathological correlations. LC‐OCT was able to detect in vivo, in both horizontal and vertical imaging, the main microscopic features typical of LM by showing, in the epidermis and around the hair follicles, the presence of large, bright roundish, or dendritic atypical cells, with evident nuclei, corresponding to atypical melanocytes with a tendency toward folliculotropism. A strong correspondence between LC‐OCT images and vertical and horizontal histopathological sections was observed. Our study, although limited to a single case, is indicative of the great potential of LC‐OCT to improve the non‐invasive diagnosis of LM.
Navigating social interactions and constructing vaping social identities: A qualitative exploration with New Zealand young adults who smoke
Authors: Blank Mei‐Ling , Hoek Janet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionSocial interactions help smoking and vaping practices evolve, and are essential when constructing social identities. Among people who smoke, vaping offers an alternative practice to ‘smoking’ and ‘non‐smoking’, and using e‐cigarettes blurs the boundaries between ‘smoker’ and ‘non‐smoker’ social identities. In this study, we explored the development of vaping and smoking social identities over time among young adults who smoked and used e‐cigarettes.MethodsOver 18–24 weeks during 2018–2019, we conducted five interviews with each of 11 New Zealand young adults aged 19–29 years who tried vaping to stop smoking. We analysed participants' interview transcripts for social interactions involving smoking or vaping and used social identity theory to explore their construction of vaping social identities.ResultsParticipants entered the study with smoke‐free goals, and constructed social identities explicitly in relation to a smoke‐free transition. Two key identity processes, ‘adopting legitimacy’ and ‘transferring considerateness’, informed participants' social identity construction as they attempted to reconcile their e‐cigarette use with their pre‐study characterisations of vaping as ‘illegitimate’ and ‘obnoxious’. Our findings suggest that adopting a ‘legitimate’ vaper identity focussed on smoking cessation, and being perceived and accepted by others as a ‘legitimate vaper’, were essential in participants' identification as ‘vapers’. Identifying as a ‘legitimate’ vaper was a pre‐requisite to transferring a ‘considerate’ identity from smoking to vaping.Discussion and ConclusionParticipants' construction of vaping social identities suggests that negotiating and reconciling valued aspects of a smoking social identity with nascent vaping practices may be important during smoking‐to‐vaping transition attempts.
Childhood separation from parents with cognitive and psychopathological outcomes in adolescence
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Zhang Anhui , Liu Wanxu , Tao Fangbiao , Sun Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo examine the effects of childhood parent‐child separation with varying duration and form on later cognitive performance and psychopathological problems over a 6‐year period, we use data from the China Family Panel Study (CFPS), which is an ongoing, prospective nationally representative study across 25 provinces in China. Of the 4033 children aged 4–10 years followed in 2012, 3522 children with complete data on separation from fathers and mothers were included. In 2018, 2560 participants were followed and interviewed to assess cognitive performance, behavioral problems as well as depressive symptoms at age 10–16 years. A total of 3522 children (mean [SD] age at baseline, 6.9 [2.0] years) were included. About 17.9% and 13.3% had separated from father and mother over 11 months or more in the year prior to the survey. Prolonged separation from parents was associated with lower scores in vocabulary (maternal: adjusted β = ‐1.64, P = 0.002; paternal: adjusted β = ‐1.58, P < 0.001) and mathematics performance (maternal: adjusted β = ‐1.10, P = 0.009; paternal: adjusted β = ‐0.94, P = 0.004) over a 6‐year period. Prolonged maternal separation was associated with 0.34‐point higher internalizing behaviors (P < 0.001) and 0.21‐point higher externalizing behaviors (P = 0.009), as well as 0.89‐point higher depressive symptoms (P = 0.018), while prolonged paternal separation was associated with 0.23‐point higher internalizing behaviors (P = 0.005) and 0.76‐point higher depressive symptoms (P = 0.011). The finding demonstrates substantial negative impacts of childhood paternal and maternal separations on cognitive and mental well‐being during adolescence, which might be dependent on the “stress‐dose” (duration of separation) and urban‐rural residence.Research Highlights
Prolonged parent‐child separation is independently associated with cognitive impairment and psychopathological problems during adolescence.
The adverse effects of childhood separation on cognition and psychopathology varied by separation duration and separation forms.
Age‐ and residence‐specific associations between parent‐child separation with cognition and psychopathology are observed.
ex vivo–in vivo comparison of drug penetration analysis by confocal Raman microspectroscopy and tape stripping
Authors: Krombholz Richard , Fressle Stefanie , Nikolić Ines , Pantelić Ivana , Savić Snežana , Sakač Milkica Crevar , Lunter Dominique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen it comes to skin penetration analysis of a topically applied formulation, the number of suitable methods is limited, and they often lack in spatial resolution. In vivo studies are pivotal, especially in the approval of a new product, but high costs and ethical difficulties are limiting factors. For that reason, good ex vivo models for testing skin penetration are crucial. In this study, caffeine was used as a hydrophilic model drug, applied as a 2% (w/w) hydrogel, to compare different techniques for skin penetration analysis. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) and tape stripping with subsequent HPLC analysis were used to quantify caffeine. Experiments were performed ex vivo and in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of 5% (w/w) 1,2‐pentanediol on caffeine skin penetration was tested, to compare those methods regarding their effectiveness in detecting differences between both formulations.
Interparental conflict predicts developmental trajectories of maternal sensitivity across early childhood
Authors: Trumbell Jill M. , Posada German , Anaya Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined developmental trajectories of maternal sensitivity across early childhood and explored whether changes in sensitivity were predicted by changes in interparental conflict.BackgroundMaternal sensitivity facilitates healthy child development. Previous research has elucidated the role of interparental conflict as a determinant of sensitivity, but we know little about the trajectory of sensitivity across early childhood and the extent to which interparental conflict over time impacts sensitivity.MethodMothers (n = 78) and their children were visited at the playground four times across early childhood (child age: 3.5 to 5.5 years). Observers reported on maternal sensitivity after each visit. Interparental conflict was self‐reported by mothers twice when their child was approximately 3.5 and 5 years old.ResultsOn average, both conflict and sensitivity showed continuity across early childhood. However, hierarchical linear modeling indicated significant variability in trajectories of change in sensitivity based upon frequency of interparental conflict.ConclusionAlthough interparental conflict was relatively low at both times, mothers reporting increased conflict showed decreased sensitivity as their child aged.ImplicationsFindings underscore the importance of studying mother–child relationships within the larger familial context and provide support for the playground as an ecologically valid context to assess sensitivity.
Enhanced thermal conductivity and flexural strength of sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride with addition of (Y0.96Eu0.04)2O3
Authors: Li Shishuai , Xia Yongfeng , Yao Dongxu , Liang Hanqin , Zeng Yu‐Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN) with high thermal conductivity was obtained using (Y0.96Eu0.04)2O3 and MgO as sintering additives. Green compacts were nitrided at 1400°C for 4 h. Post‐sintering was carried out at 1850 and 1900°C for 4 h, respectively. In reaction‐bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) doped with Y2O3 and MgO, the β‐Si3N4 content and nitridation degree were 51.1% and 93.8%, respectively. However, the β‐Si3N4 content and nitridation degree were 72.6% and 96.7% in a nitrided compact doped with (Y0.96Eu0.04)2O3 and MgO. After post‐sintering, the phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity were investigated. After sintering at 1900°C for 4 h, the thermal conductivity of SRBSN doped with (Y0.96Eu0.04)2O3 and MgO was increased by 16.5% compared to that of the samples doped with Y2O3 and MgO. The highest hardness of 1639 HV and the good flexural strength of 776.4 MPa were also achieved in the sample doped with 2‐mol.% (Y0.96Eu0.04)2O3 and 5‐mol.% MgO.
Valorisation of kinnow peel for development of phytochemical enriched tea infusion: standardisation of tea bag loading, dipping temperature and dips per minute for the better extraction of bioactive compounds
Authors: Bassi Pratishtha , Kumar Vikas , Kaur Ramandeep , Kumar Satish , Saini Ramesh Kumar , Janghu Sandeep 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn recent years, the risk of catastrophic conditions has increased with the changed environmental conditions. Herbal teas are an ideal way to provide phytocompounds having specific health benefits to the consumers. In this study, herbal tea infusion was prepared with the pre‐standardised dried kinnow peel, herbs and spices. Extraction of the polyphenols mainly depends on the bag loading and steeping conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to optimise the dipping conditions for the maximum extraction of phytocompounds. The effect of three process variables conditions, that is, tea bag loading (1–3 g), dipping temperature (75–95 °C) and dips per minute (5–20) was evaluated. Among the three variables, tea bag loading and the number of dips per minute significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affect all the quality attributes. These results were also confirmed during cluster analysis. Hence, it was concluded that optimised conditions result in maximum delivery of bioactive compounds under adverse conditions.
SMART goals of children of 6–12 years enrolled in a family‐centred lifestyle intervention for childhood obesity: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Deslippe Alysha L. , Bains Andy , Loiselle Sarah‐Eve , Kasvis Popi , Mak Ivy , Weiler Hope , Cohen Tamara R. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis study demonstrates how SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely) goals set by children in a lifestyle intervention contributed favorably to weight outcomes. Children (6‐12 years) set goals with a registered dietitian over six months. Goals were classified according to their type (diet or activity), direction, (increase healthy or decrease unhealthy), and theoretical constructs. Theoretical constructs included the Theory of Planned Behavior's attitudes (i.e., changing beliefs about behaviour outcomes), subjective norm (i.e., incorporation of health recommendations) and perceived behavioural control (i.e., over goal barriers and facilitators). Constructs from a Socio‐Ecological Model (family or individual) were also applied. Participants who maintained or decreased their body mass index for‐age‐and‐sex z‐scores (BAZ) after six months created significantly more goals related to the subjective norm compared to those whose BAZ increased (p = 0.003). Future interventions using SMART goals should incorporate health recommendations (i.e., the subjective norm) through actionable items among children to promote success.
Stock market, credit market, and heterogeneous innovations
Authors: Wang Xun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe relative importance of credit market development and stock market development in boosting innovation remains a long‐standing debate issue. In this study, we document how different types of financial markets development affect heterogeneous innovations. Using a broad sample across 42 developed and emerging economies and a generalized difference‐in‐differences identification strategy, we find that stock market development leads to significantly higher substantive innovation, especially in young and small firms, but has negative impact on incremental innovation. Conversely, credit market development promotes incremental innovation, especially in mature and large firms, but has negative impact on substantive innovation. Further analyses indicate that stronger shareholder protection enhances the positive impact of stock market on substantive innovation, while stronger creditor rights enhance the promoting effect of credit market on incremental innovation, and even turn the negative impact of credit market on substantive innovation into positive. Our paper provides new insights into the heterogeneous effects of credit market and equity markets on the real economy.
Influences of powder morphology on the densification and microstructure of a ZrO2‐based nanocrystalline glass–ceramic
Authors: Fu Le , Li Lei , Cheng Yongxin , Wang Bohan , Wu Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMorphology is an important characteristic of raw powder utilized for ceramic sintering but the role of powder morphology is mostly overlooked. In this study, two types of ZrO2–SiO2 powder with different morphologies (fiber and particle) were synthesized by blow spinning and sol–gel method, respectively, followed by direct current electric field‐assisted hot pressing (FAHP) to obtain nanocrystalline glass–ceramics (NCGCs). Results showed that the two as‐synthesized powders had different pyrolysis behaviors. The two types of as‐synthesized powders were amorphous and tetragonal‐ZrO2 nanocrystallites first formed after calcination at 800°C. During FAHP, the particle powder can be densified at a lower temperature than that of the fiber powder, due to the facts that the particle powder showed higher specific surface area and higher densification driving force. The fiber powder was predominately densified by fiber fusion and plastic deformation, whereas the particle powder was densified via particle fusion. Both the two types of powder can be fully densified to obtain ZrO2–SiO2 NCGCs at 1230°C for 4 min. Tetragonal‐ZrO2 nanocrystallites in the NCGCs with particles as raw powder showed higher stability than those in the NCGCs with fibers as raw powder.
Ultrasound-assisted facile synthesis of Boron-Heck-coupled sclareol analogues as potential antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jameel Salman , Farooq Sadaqat , Gani Ifshana , Riyaz-Ul-Hassan Syed , Bhat Khursheed Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the antimicrobial capability of sclareol and its derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus and its Methicillin-resistant strain (MRSA).

Methods and Results.
A new series of Boron-Heck-coupled sclareol analogues were prepared by structural modifications at the C-15 terminal double bond of sclareol using ultrasonication. The structural modifications were designed to keep the stereochemistry of all the five chiral centres of sclareol intact. A two-step reaction scheme consisting of Boron-Heck coupling of sclareol followed by Wittig reaction was carried out to produce novel sclareol congeners for antimicrobial evaluation. Three compounds SAJ-1, SAJ-2 and SB-11 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant strain (MRSA) with MIC values between 3 and 11 μM. Among all the screened compounds, SAJ-1 and SAJ-2 showed the best antibiofilm profiles against both strains. Moreover, SAJ-1 and SAJ-2 acted synergistically with streptomycin against S. aureus while creating varying outcomes in combination with ciprofloxacin, penicillin and ampicillin. SAJ-1 also acted synergistically with ampicillin against S. aureus, while SB-11 showed synergism with ciprofloxacin against both pathogens. Moreover, SAJ-1 and SAJ-2 also inhibited staphyloxanthin production in S. aureus and MRSA and induced postantibiotic effects against both pathogens.

Conclusions
It can be inferred that SAJ-1, SAJ-2 and SB-11 may act as potential chemical entities for the development of antibacterial substances. The study revealed that SAJ-1 and SAJ-2 are the most suitable sclareol analogues for further studies towards the development of antibacterial substances.

Significance and Impact of the Study
SAJ-1, SAJ-2 and SB-11 show promising antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. Efforts should be made and more research should be done utilizing in vivo models to determine their efficacy as antibiotics.
A mixed‐methods systematic review of nurse‐led interventions for people with multimorbidity
Authors: McParland Chris , Johnston Bridget , Cooper Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify types of nurse‐led interventions for multimorbidity and which outcomes are positively affected by them.DesignMixed‐methods systematic review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methods for convergent‐integrated reviews. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020197956.Data SourcesCochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase and MEDLINE were searched in October 2020. Grey literature sources included OpenGrey, the Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity and reference mining.Review MethodsEnglish‐language reports of nurse‐led interventions for people with multimorbidity were included based on author consensus. Two reviewers performed independent quality appraisal using JBI tools. Data were extracted and synthesized using a pre‐existing taxonomy of interventions and core outcome set.ResultsTwenty studies were included, with a median summary quality score of 77.5%. Interventions were mostly case‐management or transitional care interventions, with nurses in advanced practice, support to self‐manage conditions, and an emphasis on continuity of care featuring frequently. Patient‐centred outcomes such as quality of healthcare and health‐related quality of life were mostly improved, with mixed effects on healthcare utilization, costs, mortality and other outcomes.ConclusionInterventions such as case management are agreeable to patients and transitional care interventions may have a small positive impact on healthcare utilization. Interventions include long‐term patient management or short‐term interventions targeted at high‐risk junctures. These interventions feature nurses in advanced practice developing care plans in partnership with patients, to simplify and improve the quality of care both in the long and short‐term.ImpactThis is the first mixed‐methods review which includes all types of nurse‐led interventions for multimorbidity and does not focus on specific comorbidities or elderly/frail populations. Using adapted consensus‐developed frameworks for interventions and outcomes, we have identified the common features of interventions and their overall typology. We suggest these interventions are of value to patients and healthcare systems but require localization and granular evaluation of their components to maximize potential benefits.