bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passing the Torch forward: Moving beyond EGFR Inhibition in NMIBC Prevention
Authors: Wu Tsung-Che , Lin Chia-Chi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study by Downs and colleagues targets patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to explore secondary/tertiary cancer prevention strategies. Utilizing a “window-of-opportunity” design, erlotinib was evaluated for its effect on EGFR phosphorylation, although the unconventional dosing regimen failed to demonstrate efficacy. New opportunities in NMIBC prevention include targeting FGFR3 mutations with emerging FGFR inhibitors. A future trial design could focus on clinical outcomes such as tumor response and NMIBC recurrence while also evaluating FGFR3 inhibition in both tumor and adjacent normal bladder epithelia.
See related article by Downs et al., p. 31
The Hallmarks of Predictive Oncology
Authors: Singhal Akshat , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wall Patrick , So Emily , Calderini Guido , Partin Alexander , Koussa Natasha , Vasanthakumari Priyanka , Narykov Oleksandr , Zhu Yitan , Jones Sara E. , Abbas-Aghababazadeh Farnoosh , Kadambat Nair Sisira , Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe , Jayaram Athmeya , Parker Barbara A. , Yeung Kay T. , Griffiths Jason I. , Weil Ryan , Nath Aritro , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Ideker Trey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapid evolution of machine learning has led to a proliferation of sophisticated models for predicting therapeutic responses in cancer. While many of these show promise in research, standards for clinical evaluation and adoption are lacking. Here, we propose seven hallmarks by which predictive oncology models can be assessed and compared. These are Data Relevance and Actionability, Expressive Architecture, Standardized Benchmarking, Generalizability, Interpretability, Accessibility and Reproducibility, and Fairness. Considerations for each hallmark are discussed along with an example model scorecard. We encourage the broader community, including researchers, clinicians, and regulators, to engage in shaping these guidelines toward a concise set of standards.

Significance:
As the field of artificial intelligence evolves rapidly, these hallmarks are intended to capture fundamental, complementary concepts necessary for the progress and timely adoption of predictive modeling in precision oncology. Through these hallmarks, we hope to establish standards and guidelines that enable the symbiotic development of artificial intelligence and precision oncology.
Are there limits to empathy? A survey experiment on empathic concern and perspective-taking as bases for attitudes towards different groups of refugees
Authors: Huth-Stöckle Nora , Heizmann Boris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines how empathic concern and perspective-taking influence different exclusionary attitudes towards refugees. More specifically, we investigate how empathic competence underpins social distance towards refugees and the opposition to granting them civil rights. Furthermore, we explore the potential constraints of this relationship by investigating the moderating role of different refugee characteristics via a survey-experimental approach using single-wave data from the GESIS Panel, a representative survey conducted in Germany. The refugee characteristics relate to having a Muslim vs. Christian background and having high vs. low qualifications, implying different levels of intergroup threat. The results indicate that higher levels of perspective-taking and empathic concern are associated with lower social distance towards refugees and opposition to granting rights to refugees. Furthermore, while the respondents' exclusionary attitudes were higher towards refugee groups, implying higher levels of intergroup threat, empathic concern and perspective-taking predicted more positive attitudes towards the different groups of refugees equally. This implies that the effect of empathy does not depend on outgroup characteristics.
Dynamical models reveal anatomically reliable attractor landscapes embedded in resting-state brain networks
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Singh Matthew , Braver Todd S. , Ching ShiNung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Analyses of functional connectivity (FC) in resting-state brain networks (RSNs) have generated many insights into cognition. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of FC and RSNs are still not well-understood. It remains debated whether resting-state activity is best characterized as reflecting noise-driven fluctuations around a single stable state, or instead, as a nonlinear dynamical system with nontrivial attractors embedded in the RSNs. Here, we provide evidence for the latter, by constructing whole-brain dynamical systems models from individual resting-state fMRI (rfMRI) recordings, using the Mesoscale Individualized NeuroDynamic (MINDy) framework. The MINDy models consist of hundreds of neural masses representing brain parcels, connected by fully trainable, individualized weights. We found that our models manifested a diverse taxonomy of nontrivial attractor landscapes including multiple equilibria and limit cycles. However, when projected into anatomical space, these attractors mapped onto a limited set of canonical RSNs, including the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal control network (FPN), which were reliable at the individual level. Further, by creating convex combinations of models, bifurcations were induced that recapitulated the full spectrum of dynamics found via fitting. These findings suggest that the resting brain traverses a diverse set of dynamics, which generate several distinct but anatomically overlapping attractor landscapes. Treating rfMRI as a unimodal stationary process (i.e., conventional FC) may miss critical attractor properties and structure within the resting brain. Instead, these may be better captured through neural dynamical modeling and analytic approaches. The results provide new insights into the generative mechanisms and intrinsic spatiotemporal organization of brain networks.
Somatosensory-evoked response induces extensive diffusivity and
kurtosis changes associated with neural activity in rodents
Authors: Hertanu Andreea , Pavan Tommaso , Jelescu Ileana O. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neural tissue microstructure is dynamic during brain activity, presenting changes in cellular morphology and membrane permeability. The sensitivity of diffusion MRI (dMRI) to restrictions and hindrances in the form of cell membranes or subcellular structures enables the exploration of brain activity under a new paradigm, offering a more direct functional contrast than its blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) counterpart. The current work aims at probing Mean Diffusivity (MD) and Mean Kurtosis (MK) changes and their time-dependence signature across various regions in the rat brain during somatosensory processing and integration, upon unilateral forepaw stimulation. We report a decrease in MD in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, forelimb region (S1FL), previously ascribed to cellular swelling and increased tortuosity in the extracellular space, paralleled by a positive BOLD response. For the first time, we also report a paired decrease in MK during stimulation in S1FL, suggesting increased membrane permeability. This observation was further supported by the reduction in exchange time estimated from the kurtosis time-dependence analyses. Conversely, the secondary somatosensory cortex and subcortical areas, formerly reported as responsive to sensory stimulation in rodents (thalamus, striatum, hippocampal subfields), displayed a marked MD and MK increase, paralleled by a weak-to-absent BOLD response. Overall, MD and MK uncovered functional-induced changes with higher sensitivity than BOLD. Although the exact origin of the MD and MK increase is yet to be unraveled, the potential of dMRI to provide complementary functional insights, even below the BOLD detection threshold, has been showcased.
7. (Her)story between Shadow and Light
Authors: Anis Rida 
Published: January 2025

This the account of an academic who has witnessed and endured various conflicts and state authoritarianism, and who continues to practice while living as a displaced person in exile. It is composed of selected transcribed audio messages that were communicated as a personal testimony shared with a fellow academic, with intention for the dialogue to be recorded for the purposes of contributing to research. In this chapter, the dialogue is curated into 18 fragments, with subtitles reflective of the themes which Rida chose to recount of her remembered experiences of conflict as a woman academic before, during and since the war in her homeland of Syria. This includes her childhood in Iraq, her undergraduate studies and later return to work as a lecturer in Syria, her postgraduate studies in the United States of America, and her current experience within Turkey.
هذه رواية أكاديمية عاشت في بيئات ثقافية مختلفة، و شهدت صراعات عديدة، ومازالت تواصل كفاحها في ممارسة مهنتها كأستاذة جامعية و باحثة عالمية رغم نزوحها عن وطنها الأم. تتألف هذه الرواية من عدة رسائل صوتية مكتوبة، تم اختيار بعضها و إرسالها كشهادة شخصية تمت مشاركتها مع زميلة أكاديمية أخرى بهدف تسجيل الحوار بينهما للمساهمة في هذا البحث. في هذا الفصل، تم تقسيم الحوار إلى ١٨ جزء، مع عناوين فرعية تعكس الموضوعات التي اختارتها رضاء لتروي تجاربها و كفاحها كامرأة أكاديمية قبل وأثناء وبعد الحرب في وطنها سوريا. ويشمل ذلك طفولتها في العراق، ودراستها الجامعية وعودتها لاحقًا للعمل كمحاضرة في سوريا، ودراساتها العليا في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، وتجربتها الحالية داخل تركيا.
Total Prehospital Time and Tractor Injuries: A Nebraska State Trauma Registry Analysis
Authors: Rich Curtis , Lu Stevin , Narveson Joel R. , Hall Alex G. , Flores Adrian , Kuncir Eric 
Published: January 2025

Background Agriculture is a hazardous industry, with tractor-related incidents being among the leading causes of traumatic injury and death. These injuries tend to take place far away from hospitals, thus leading to increased prehospital time to receive care. Understanding the relationship between prehospital time and outcomes such as hospital length of stay and mortality in the state of Nebraska could inform resource allocation for tractor related injuries. Study Design A 10-year retrospective study abstracting adults involved in tractor injuries using The Nebraska State Trauma Registry was performed. Mortality was evaluated using standard logistic regression, while length of stay outcomes were estimated using the negative binomial distribution. Adjusted model covariates included age, arrived from status, and Injury Severity Score. Results A total of 100 tractor-related injuries were included. Extremity injuries made up the largest percentage of injury types (44%). Injury severity scores were considered low in most patients. The majority of injuries were experienced by a party not operating the tractor. After adjusting for age, the scene of patient arrival, and Injury Severity Score, total prehospital time was not a significant predictor of facility length of stay or mortality. Conclusion Access to care is an ongoing problem for many communities in the United States, with the Midwest having some of the largest regions with poor access to care. We did not find a significant relationship between prehospital time and outcomes related to length of stay or mortality. Future studies should assess for differences in outcomes among accident types such as roll-over accidents vs collisions.
Aerodigestive Approach in Evaluating Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Croup
Authors: Chen Xiaoxuan , Pereira Nicola , Graw-Panzer Katharina , Ciecierega Thomas , Maresh Alison M. 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of coordinated endoscopy with otolaryngology, pulmonology, and gastroenterology in diagnosing and managing recurrent croup in pediatric patients. Methods: We reviewed our REDCap Pediatric Aerodigestive Database for patients with recurrent croup who underwent coordinated endoscopy between January 2013 and July 2023. We reviewed patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical findings, treatments, and outcomes. Results: Twenty-five patients were identified with recurrent croup. Their mean (SD) age was 37 (27) months (range = 9-98 months) with half of the patients younger than 25 months. The most common findings noted on combined endoscopies were positive bacterial culture on BAL (n = 10), and tracheomalacia (n = 7), and subglottic stenosis (n = 4). A history of prematurity was significantly associated with the presence of SGS ( p = 0.01). Snoring/sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) was associated with a positive bacterial BAL culture ( p = 0.03). About half of our cohort (48%) had multiple abnormalities identified by at least 2 different specialists at the time of endoscopy. Conclusions: For patients experiencing frequent or severe recurrent croup episodes, a thorough aerodigestive evaluation and management plan should be pursued. Coordinated endoscopy may be considered for select patients who do not respond to medical treatment.
Effect of single and hybrid multiwalled carbon nanotube and carbon black fillers on ethylene-butene copolymer composites for potential sensor applications
Authors: Theravalappil Rajesh , Vattathurvalappil Suhail Hyder , Alshammari Mohammed , Riaz Shahina , Albareeki Mansour , Rahaman Mostafizur 
Published: January 2025

Polyolefin elastomers are widely used for engineering applications due to their balance of toughness, hardness, and strength. However, there is a need to enhance their mechanical and conductivity properties by adding more reinforcements. In this study, ethylene-butene copolymer (EBC) with a 14 mol% butene content was investigated for its potential application in sensors using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon black (CB) as reinforcements. The study explored the effect of these fillers on the mechanical characteristics and electrical conductivity of the EBC composites, which showed higher strength and modulus. Further, 0.5 wt% of CB reinforcement showed the best tensile properties started to decline with further addition of reinforcements. It was also noted that only a 10% increment was observed in the shore-A hardness of composites even with the highest loading level of fillers, which shows that there is not much compromise in hardness, making these composites suitable candidates for stretchable sensors. This study also concluded that hybrid particle morphology (mixture of MWCNT & CB) has a strong influence on augmenting electrical conductivity. Since these composites possess considerably good softness even at high filler loadings, they can be considered as potential candidates for strain or pressure sensors or in wearable electronics. Overall, the strategy used in this work can be employed to study the effect of reinforcement morphology in other polymer combinations to enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties.
A Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Food Insecurity Among People Experiencing Housing Insecurity and Homelessness in the United States
Authors: Jackson Carolyn L. , Hart Cody A. , Uribe-Lacy C. Jeff , Yang Phillip , Tsai Jack 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Studies suggest that people experiencing housing insecurity and homelessness (HIH) have varying experiences with food insecurity. We estimated the prevalence of food insecurity and identified the factors associated with it among people experiencing HIH in the United States. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence of food insecurity among people experiencing HIH and a systematic review of associated factors through a comprehensive search of 8 academic databases. We identified 3398 unique articles and included 40 studies in the review that met the following criteria: included observational or experimental data on the prevalence of food insecurity among people experiencing HIH, conducted in the United States, and written in English. Results: The overall prevalence of food insecurity was 57% (95% CI, 48%-65%). Most people experiencing HIH had food insecurity, and our estimated prevalence among people experiencing HIH was >4 times higher than the prevalence in the US population. Experiencing symptoms of a mental health condition (eg, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety) in addition to HIH was most frequently (7 datasets) associated with increased odds of food insecurity. Social and institutional support was most frequently (5 datasets) associated with decreased odds of food insecurity. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that multisector coordination is needed to address individual- and system-level factors associated with food insecurity and HIH.
Estimation of Intraoral Volume Change in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment by Extraction Correction in Bidentoalveolar Protrusion Cases using CBCT—A Cross-sectional Comparative Study
Authors: U Nivya Krishna , Francis PG , Kalarickal Biju , Sebastian Joseph , Suresh Brijesh , Sebastian Irin 
Published: January 2025

Objective To estimate the change in intraoral volume following orthodontic extraction correction in bidentoalveolar protrusion cases and to establish whether there is a significant change in intraoral volume associated with the above treatment. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 15 patients with bidentoalveolar protrusion. Data were collected using cone beam computed tomography before and after orthodontic extraction correction. Pretreatment and post-treatment intraoral volume were determined for each patient from multiplanar reconstructions using Planmeca Romexis viewer software. Results The mean pretreatment and post-treatment intraoral volume was 43.055 ± 2.55205 cm3 and 38.4958 ± 2.42266 cm3, respectively. The mean change in intraoral volume was 4.5592 ± 0.72272 cm3. Conclusion There was a significant reduction in intraoral volume after orthodontic retraction in bidentoalveolar protrusion cases.
Feasibility analysis of solar and wind energy-powered irrigation pumping systems using reanalysis data–A case of Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala, southwest region of India
Authors: S R Suresh Lal , G M Joselin Herbert , Vijayan Aswathy 
Published: January 2025

This study presents a feasibility assessment of solar photovoltaic and wind energy systems for irrigation at three locations (a coastal lowland location named A, a midland location B, and a highland location C) in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, in India’s southwest region. The solar and wind potentials are determined using the National Solar Radiation Database and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 reanalysis data sets, respectively. The technical analyses suggest that site B has the most solar energy potential, while site C has the highest wind energy potential. However, the economic feasibility study reveals that the only suitable location is site B, which has a 10-year simple payback time (SPT). The site has an annual solar energy potential of 1633.85 kWh/kWp, which is enough to pump 3921.24 kL of water to irrigate the majority of crops in one acre.
Review of Lighting Control Equipment and Applications: Minimizing energy consumption while properly lighting for use of space
Authors: Verderber R.R. 
Published: January 2025

Many types of lighting control equipment permit the automatic management of lighting systems. Lighting control equipment can be used to lower light levels, turn lights on and off on a schedule, and respond to the availability of natural light or the presence of occupants. Each of these operations minimizes the energy consumed while providing the proper illumination for occupants’ use of the space. The choice of lighting control system depends on its particular application (retrofit, renovation, or new construction). This presentation will attempt to provide a basis for selecting the control equipment and the control strategies (light reduction, scheduling, tuning, lumen depreciation, daylighting, load-shedding) most apropos to an application, and presenting the important cost factors (initial, operating, installation, supply circuit layout, building design) that one must consider for each application.
Revolutionizing flame-retardant applications: DOPO-silica reinforced epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: S Nivedita , M Alagar , M Induja , J Jayamuthunagai 
Published: January 2025

Present work effectively highlights the improvement of flame retardant behaviour and thermal stability achieved through the incorporation of DOPO-functionalized SiO2 nano- composites into epoxy composites. The successful functionalization and existence of chemical bonding between SiO2 nanoparticles and DOPO was confirmed using FT-IR and TGA. Among the varied weight percentage concentration of reinforcement used, 1.5 wt% DOPO-functionalized SiO2 epoxy composites exhibited significantly improved thermal properties, including high char yield and enhanced glass transition temperature compared to those of neat epoxy matrix. Notably, the 1.5 wt %DOPO-functionalized SiO2 reinforced composites possess V-0 ratings in the UL-94 vertical burn test, underscoring their remarkable flame retardancy, which further demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating DOPO functionality into the epoxy matrix. This integration significantly contributes to improved flame retardancy, confirming the potential of these modified nanocomposites for applications requiring enhanced thermal stability and flame retardant behaviour. The present study provides a promising approach for the development of advanced epoxy composites with superior fire safety characteristics, exploiting the unique properties of DOPO-SiO2 functionalized reinforcements.
Hyperoside inhibits Mitochondrial DNA Damage to Reverse Hepatocyte Pyroptosis to Treat Doxorubicin-related Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Liu Qing , Lan Ying , Bai Zhe 
Published: January 2025

Background Hyperoside is a potential liver cell and mitochondrial protector, but there is no evidence to suggest that hyperoside can effectively treat doxorubicin (DOX) related liver toxicity. Purpose This study aims to determine the role of hyperoside in DOX related liver toxicity and liver cell damage in vivo and in vitro. Methods A mouse model of liver toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DOX, and hyperoside was administered orally for treatment. During this period, the weight and food intake of the mice were recorded. The morphology of mouse liver tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Oxidative stress and inflammatory status in mice were observed through serum inflammatory factors and liver oxidative stress markers. Mitochondrial damage is determined by the degree of mitochondrial DNA damage. Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of pyroptosis and genes in the liver and liver cells. Results Hyperoside can effectively treat DOX-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory status, liver function damage, and hepatocyte necrosis in mice. Further research suggests that the beneficial effect of hyperoside is achieved by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA damage in liver cells. Conclusion This study indicates that hyperoside improves DOX-induced liver toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA damage.