bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of linguistic measures in the analysis of L2 Chinese descriptive writing
Authors: Liao Jianling 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current study investigates whether the CAF (complexity, accuracy, and fluency) analysis framework, frequently used in L2 studies of English and other languages, may effectively analyze L2 essays in Chinese, a language typologically different from English. CAF measures were examined for both their discriminative and predictive effects for L2 Chinese writing quality. The results revealed that most of the measures captured linguistic differences between lower-score and higher-score essays. Similar to findings in other L2s, more advanced L2 Chinese learners achieved syntactic complexification increasingly through phrasal features in their essays, in contrast to lower-level learners. The predictive effects of the measures for writing quality differed between lower-score and higher-score essays. T-unit length, a syntactic measure successfully analyzing Indo-European languages, did not serve as an effective predictor for L2 Chinese textual quality. The current study provides implications for both L2 writing research and L2 writing curriculum.
Narrow linewidth single mode fiber laser with double unpumped EDF Sagnac loops filter
Authors: Wan Yiqing , Gu Baoshan , Wang Sha , Zhou Shouhuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we proposed a narrow linewidth single longitudinal mode (SLM) fiber laser, which was realized by employing a double unpumped erbium doped fiber (EDF) Sagnac loops structure. The Sagnac loops formed self-injected fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and helped SLM selection, while the saturable absorption in unpumped EDF was used to compress the output laser linewidth. Connecting two unpumped EDF Sagnac loops in sequence was analyzed theoretically and tested experimentally, which would lead to narrower output laser linewidth. Under a pump power of 200 mW, we obtained an output linewidth of 858 Hz and a power stability of 0.32 dB/30 min. This structure provided a simple and low-cost way of generating narrow linewidth stable SLM laser.
Photodynamic action of photosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against human lung cancer cells A549
Authors: Kogan E A , Meerovich G A , Karshieva S Sh , Akhlyustina E V , Makarova E A , Dalina A A , Romanishkin I D , Zharkov N V , Gonchukov S A , Angelov I P , Loschenov V B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In view of their potential in the treatment of oncological diseases, photosensitizers (PS) have been the object of active research for the last years. The applied therapeutic photodynamic method involves the activation of a PS by light at a specific wavelength. PS interacts with oxygen and catalyzes the production of singlet oxygen molecules or radical oxygen species which leads to tumor cell death. This work is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the photodynamic action of new PSs based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin on human lung cancer cells A549. The results obtained show that these PS effectively bind to these cells, have high phototoxicity and low ‘dark’ cytotoxicity for them. Morphological and immunohistochemical studies show that photodynamic effect leads to induction of cell necrosis and apoptosis, as well as a sharp decrease in mitotic activity.
Embedding in Anisotropic Spheres
Authors: Mathias Alberto K. , Maharaj Sunil D. , Sunzu Jefta M. , Mkenyeleye Jason M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Exact solutions to the Einstein field equations for class I spacetime symmetry in relativistic stars are generated. The symmetry provides a relation between the gravitational potentials that lead to generalized solutions of the Einstein field equations. We choose one of the gravitational potentials on a physical basis, which allows us to obtain the other gravitational potential via an embedding approach. It is therefore possible to generate a model with astrophysical significance. The model generated satisfies physical properties like stability, causality, regularity, equilibrium and energy conditions.
Preparation of Novel partially Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane / Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Fiber Mats
Authors: Saisangtham Suchawadee , Okhawilai Manunya , Potiyaraj Pranut 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile electrospun fiber mats at various weight ratio was fabricated via electrospinning technique. A partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane was prepared from caprolactone diol and partially bio-based diisocyanate at a mole ratio of 2.1:1. Ethylene glycol was used as a chain extender. Three major effects i.e. solution concentration, distance from tip to collector and applied voltage on morphology of the obtained electrospun fiber mats were systematically investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The design of experiment, namely, Taguchi method was also applied. The morphology of the prepared electrospun fiber mats revealed continuous and smooth fibers without the formation of beads. The fiber diameters of the thermoplastic bio-based polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile were in micron size ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 μm. Moreover, the results showed that with the decrease of concentration, the fiber diameter decreased where the changes of applied voltage and distance from tip to collector resulted in negligible changes in fiber diameter. The findings can be further applied as processing conditions to meet properties requirements for the high-performance separator application.
Dextran-Based Nanoparticles for Encapsulation of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Watcharadulyarat Natsorn , Rattanatayarom Monthira , Ruangsawasdi Nisarat , Hongdilokkul Narupat , Patikarnmonthon Nisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Key success for regenerative endodontics is an effective removal of bacteria inside the root canal during the treatment. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is one of the triple antibiotics commonly used as the root canal medicament. However, the rapid clearance of antibiotics causes bacterial reinfection. Nanoparticles (NPs) provide an alternative approach for antibiotics delivery system to improve the drug stability and release control. In the previous study, modified dextran was successfully formed the ester linkage with vinyl decanoate via lipase-catalyzed transesterification. The amphiphilic dextran, dextran-decanoate (Dex-D), has been synthesized with the degree of substitution of 83-88% and were applied for CIP-loaded nanoparticles. The suitable technique for producing antibiotic carriers considering by size, shape, and drug encapsulation efficiency was investigated in this work. The preparation methods were compared between nanoprecipitation and solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w) ion pairing technique. We found that the obtained Dex-D nanoparticles had stable monodispersed with spherical shape in both techniques. However, Dex-D nanoparticles formed by s/o/w ion pairing technique provided smaller size with better encapsulation efficiency. The antimicrobial activity of CIP-loaded Dex-D nanoparticles against oral pathogens showed satisfactory outcome with the MIC equal to 0.7 μg/mL. Also, the compatibility of nanoparticles and dental stem cells was observed in this work.
Development of green materials from ENR-25/PHBV blends: Curing characteristics and mechanical performance
Authors: Tomano N , Boondamnoen O , Aumnate C , Potiyaraj P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop green materials from epoxidized natural rubber (25% epoxidation), (ENR-25), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), (PHBV), and polybutadiene adducted with maleic anhydride, (PB-g-MA) as compatibilizer. The ENR-25/PHBV blends were prepared at the ratio of 100/0, 90/10, and 80/20 with 0 and 10 %wt. PB-g-MA. The blends were prepared using an internal mixer, where PHBV was first melted at a temperature of 175 °C before mixing with ENR-25 and the incorporation of a compatibilizer. The mixing of ENR-25 and PHBV was continued at a temperature of 175 °C and mixing speed of 50 rpm until it reaches the complete blending time. All ENR-25/PHBV blends were then mixed with curing agents in an internal mixer at a temperature of 50 °C. The cure characteristics were determined using a moving die rheometer (MDR). Then vulcanization proceeded in a compression molding machine. The result shows that the addition of PHBV enhanced the modulus of ENR-25 for every blend ratio with and without compatibilizer owing to the mechanical properties of PHBV. Significantly, the PB-g-MA compatibilizer successfully improved the interface adhesion between ENR-25 and PHBV and the decrease in phase size was clearly seen in the SEM images.
Upgrading of palm empty fruit bunch for solid biofuel production through hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Suemanotham A , Attanatho L , Prasongthum N , Sisuthog W , Laosombut T , Thanmongkhon Y 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was upgraded into solid fuel called biochar through hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). The experiments were performed at different temperatures of 160, 180, 200 and 240 °C for 30 min. The properties of biochar products in terms of proximate and ultimate analysis, heating value and thermal decomposition were characterized. The results indicated that hydrothermal carbonization decreased the biochar yield from 79.2% at 160 °C to 39.5% at 240 °C. As the reaction temperature increased, the fixed carbon and heating value increased due to the decreasing of volatile matter and oxygen content involving dehydration and decarboxylation reactions. The heating value increased from 19.8 MJ/kg (raw EFB) to 23.0 MJ/kg at 240 °C. The H/C and O/C atomic ratios of biochar after treated with HTC decreased from 1.52 and 0.62 (at 160 °C) to 1.09 and 0.38 (at 240 °C) as similar to low rank coal. In addition, the potassium in the feedstock was extracted and removed to the aqueous phase during HTC. The maximum potassium removal efficiency reached up to 91.8% at reaction temperature of 240 °C. The removal of potassium led to lower deposition tendency of slagging and fouling indices. The results reveal that the HTC has the potential for upgrading EFB into energy-dense and durable solid fuel for use in energy generation.
Spray-dried anthocyanins from butterfly pea flower as color indicator
Authors: Sariya Kitti , Srisawan Nunmanas , Thongsat Nilobon , Thiraphattaraphun Linda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Butterfly pea flower can be used as natural source to produce anthocyanin pigments. In this study, anthocyanin extract was prepared by using distilled water as a solvent. Then, anthocyanin extract powder was obtained from spray drying process. Maltodextrin and gum arabic were used as carrier agents for powder production. Color variations of spray-dried anthocyanins with different carrier agents in different pH buffers (pH 1-11) were observed under natural light and in the dark. Color stability was also studied under storage at day 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14. In addition, color parameters, absorption maxima (λmax, nm) and absorbance were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that spray-dried anthocyanins with maltodextrin and gum arabic can be acted as a color indicator in different pH values. Moreover, natural light, the dark condition and storage times also affected on color variations, color parameters, λmax and absorbance in both of spray-dried anthocyanins with maltodextrin and gum arabic.
Effect of temperature and time for the production of polylactic acid without initiator catalyst from lactide synthesized from ZnO powder catalyst
Authors: Nyiavuevang Beevang , Sodkampang Suttirat , Dokmaikun Saran , Thumanu Kanjana , Boontawan Apichat , Junpirom Supunnee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that most importance at the present due primarily to its properties as biological degradation and biocompatibility derived from renewable resources. This study investigated the role of zinc oxide powder and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate as the catalysts for lactide and PLA synthesis, respectively. Polylactic acid was obtained by four stages: dehydration, oligomerization, depolymerization and ring opening polymerization. The catalyst was added and water was removed at the first stage then the reactions are carried out at different temperatures and reaction time on the other stages. The ratio of lactic acid and zinc oxide powder was 1000:3 for lactide synthesis, the ratio of lactide product and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate was 1000:4 for PLA synthesis without any initiator. The PLA products were analysed for the yield, some chemical and physical properties such as functional group, decomposition temperature, melting temperature of synthesized PLA. It is found that at reaction temperature of 160°C and reaction time for 5 h gave the highest yield PLA of 64.5% with its decomposition temperature of 311°C and melting point temperature at 152°C. There are two main mechanisms, polymerization and depolymerisation occurring in reaction and each mechanism plays a major role with respect to the reaction condition. At higher reaction temperature and longer time, the rate of depolymerisation is higher than that of polymerization leading to the lower of decomposition and melting temperature of synthesized PLA.
Quantum state transfer on the complete bipartite graph
Authors: Santos Raqueline A M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Previously it was shown that (almost) perfect state transfer can be achieved on the complete bipartite graph by a discrete-time coined quantum walk based algorithm when both the sender and receiver vertices are in the same partition of the graph and when the sender and receiver are in opposite partitions of the same size. By changing the coin operator, we analyze the state transfer problem and we show that it is still possible to achieve state transfer with high fidelity even when the sender and receiver are in different partitions with different sizes. Moreover, it is also possible to use an active switch approach using lackadaisical quantum walks where the marked vertex is switched between the sender and receiver during the algorithm.
Analysis of Combustion Characteristic in Tangentially Fired Pulverized-Coal Boiler with Tilting Burner Angle Variation using CFD
Authors: Azizah A N , Amalia R , Satrio D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One type of boiler is a boiler with tangential combustion. Tangential combustion is combusted with a burner arrangement located at each corner (corner) of the boiler, where each burner forms a certain angle to the boiler wall. Most of the tangential boilers are equipped with a tilting burner facility. An inclined burner is a facility to direct the burner to face up or down a certain angle to a horizontal line. Changes in the direction of the burner tilt angle will move to the fireball position in the furnace so that there can be changes in temperature, velocity, also species. This study was conducted to determine setting the burner tilt angle by varying the angle simulated using CFD. The data to be obtained are qualitative data in the form of contours and vectors from the distribution of temperature and velocity and quantitative data in graphs and tables. In this study, it is hoped that the ideal angle for the boiler will be obtained so that combustion in the boiler occurs efficiently.
Leveraging advances in automation to benefit the construction industry in the structural steel sector
Authors: Elhouar S , Terreno S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The global structural steel market was reported to be valued at $96 Billion in 2018, and according to some projections, it will amount to about $140 Billion by 2025. This means that the structural steel industry is expected to have a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of about 5.4% over this six-year period. Consequently, this sector is set to perform better than the construction industry as a whole, which is projected to have a CAGR of 4.2% over approximately the same period. This projection represents good news for the structural steel industry but it also magnifies some of the challenges that the industry has been facing or has faced in the past. For example, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that overall employment of ironworkers will see an 11% growth from 2018 to 2028, which is much faster than the average growth for all occupations. On the other side of the equation, the industry is facing some challenges that may make it difficult for it to meet the projected demand. For example, there is a very well documented shortage in the construction labor force, and this shortage is already causing problems and driving construction costs upward. Moreover, there is an expectation of increased accountability towards the environment while dealing with generally larger and more complex projects. In this paper, the authors propose that increased automation may be the most effective way to solve the labor shortage problem in the steel construction sector. An overview of advancements in related automation technology is first presented, followed by an analysis of the areas of the industry that may benefit from an increased use or the introduction of automation. The authors conclude by presenting a set of recommendations for adding more automation in the production, servicing, fabrication, and erection of structural steel.
Slam and Beacon Data for Automation of Indoor Construction Progress Tracking
Authors: Marcy L , Iordanova I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Construction progress tracking and monitoring is a complex process that is crucial for the successful execution of projects and the delivery of a high-quality product to the client. However, these tasks remain mostly manual - time-consuming and error prone, which often leads to suboptimal quality, cost and schedule overruns. The present research proposes the use of an autonomous rover for the data collection from construction site. The objective is to create a hybrid data processing system using point clouds from the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm used for robot navigation, and beacons’ data integrated with BIM, to track construction progress and provide project managers with reliable information in quasireal time. The paper is composed of four parts: first, a literature review of best practices regarding the technology used for progress tracking is performed. Second, we propose a framework for automated data collection and information processing for automated progress tracking and monitoring. Third, we present a real-world case study partially implementing the framework by using data acquired by an autonomous rover and BIM, and simulate a real-time reconstruction of the construction site status. Finally, the results are discussed, and future work is identified.
Cost of supply and ventilation concepts in shield-driven tunnelling in due consideration of the engine type and drive technology
Authors: Hoffeller M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Supply logistics as a supporting sub-process of tunnel driving is significantly responsible for a smooth construction process and, thus, for the desired project success. The main task of supply logistics is to provide the required logistical goods for the tunnel-boring machine. Available are track-bound and tyre-bound systems, which are driven by conventional diesel engines or alternatively by hybrid or electric motors. A multitude of regulations set exhaust emission limits, which can only be met by sufficiently dimensioned ventilation. In particular, the use of diesel engines can result in high costs for ventilation, which must not be neglected for an economic optimization of the supply concept. In order to compare the economic efficiency of different systems, a calculation concept is presented, which shows possible economic, but also ecological and logistical advantages of the individual systems by quantifying relevant factors. The costs for the different types of vehicles are examined separately for chassis and drive train, as well as for ventilation. The information and results obtained with the calculation provide a basis for the decision-making process when choosing an optimal logistics concept. Due to the quantities of logistical goods involved, the focus is on supply logistics in shield tunnelling.
Evaluation of defect in hospital buildings
Authors: Olanrewaju A , Tan W X , Gou Z 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There are many complaints and criticisms in media and research literature on defects in hospital buildings despite the consistent increase in maintenance expenditures. This research investigated the nature of defects in private hospital buildings. Primary data for the study were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to hospital building users. Based on the findings, the defects that often require frequent maintenance are leaky faucets, defective doors, defective windows, broken lights, and faulty ventilation. The major conclusion drawn from the survey was that although there are many different defects in the buildings, the urgency at which they require maintenance interventions varies. Therefore, in order to avoid value mismatch and resource misallocations, resources and attention should be directed to the defects that are more important to the users and the other should be included in the next maintenance rolling programme. Maintenance management should be implemented to achieve good maintenance, capable to meet the expected requirements of the end-user and increase building performance and reduce the maintenance backlog.
Automated extraction of attributes of IFC objects based on graph theory and SPARQL query
Authors: Xinglei X , Zhiliang M , Huanmin H , Peng X 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been widely adopted as an effective means for supporting information exchange in Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry based on unified and platform-independent standards. Among them, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an ISO standard for BIM, is the most widely used one. However, due to the complexity and flexibility of IFC, the extraction of the attributes of IFC objects is a challenging process for practitioners and software developers in AEC industry, which impedes in-depth application of BIM in many cases. To solve the problem, an approach is proposed in this paper based on graph theory and SPARQL query to automate and simplify the process. The approach consists of four operators, i.e., IFC-to-OWL Convertor, P-Path Acquirer, SPARQL Query Generator, and Ontology Reasoner. IFC-to-OWL Convertor translates IFC instance model into ifcOWL instance model, which can be queried by using SPARQL. P-Path Acquirer obtains all possible Predicate Paths (P-Paths) from an object entity to an attribute entity in the graph created based on ifcOWL schema model. Then SPARQL Query Generator generates SPARQL queries for extracting attributes based on the P-Paths. Finally, the ifcOWL instance model and the SPARQL queries are input into Ontology Reasoner to query attributes of IFC objects. The approach is validated by conducting a case study. The approach contributes to the convenient application of IFC standards in AEC industry.