bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarifying the evidence for microbial‐ and plant‐derived soil organic matter, and the path toward a more quantitative understanding
Authors: Whalen Emily D. , Grandy A. Stuart , Sokol Noah W. , Keiluweit Marco , Ernakovich Jessica , Smith Richard G. , Frey Serita D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredicting and mitigating changes in soil carbon (C) stocks under global change requires a coherent understanding of the factors regulating soil organic matter (SOM) formation and persistence, including knowledge of the direct sources of SOM (plants vs. microbes). In recent years, conceptual models of SOM formation have emphasized the primacy of microbial‐derived organic matter inputs, proposing that microbial physiological traits (e.g., growth efficiency) are dominant controls on SOM quantity. However, recent quantitative studies have challenged this view, suggesting that plants make larger direct contributions to SOM than is currently recognized by this paradigm. In this review, we attempt to reconcile these perspectives by highlighting that variation across estimates of plant‐ versus microbial‐derived SOM may arise in part from methodological limitations. We show that all major methods used to estimate plant versus microbial contributions to SOM have substantial shortcomings, highlighting the uncertainty in our current quantitative estimates. We demonstrate that there is significant overlap in the chemical signatures of compounds produced by microbes, plant roots, and through the extracellular decomposition of plant litter, which introduces uncertainty into the use of common biomarkers for parsing plant‐ and microbial‐derived SOM, especially in the mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) fraction. Although the studies that we review have contributed to a deeper understanding of microbial contributions to SOM, limitations with current methods constrain quantitative estimates. In light of recent advances, we suggest that now is a critical time to re‐evaluate long‐standing methods, clearly define their limitations, and develop a strategic plan for improving the quantification of plant‐ and microbial‐derived SOM. From our synthesis, we outline key questions and challenges for future research on the mechanisms of SOM formation and stabilization from plant and microbial pathways.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells‐expressed miRNA profiles derived from children with metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease and insulin resistance
Authors: Oses Maddi , Medrano María , Margareto Sanchez Javier , Portillo Maria P. , Aguilera Concepcion Maria , Altmäe Signe , Labayen Idoia 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundmiRNA have been proposed as potential biomarkers of metabolic diseases.ObjectivesTo identify potential miRNA biomarkers of early metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and/or insulin resistance (IR) in preadolescent children.MethodsA total of 70 preadolescents, aged 8.5–12 years old participated in the study. Hepatic fat was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Fasting blood biochemical parameters were measured and HOMA‐IR calculated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)‐derived miRNA profiles associated with MAFLD (≥5.5% hepatic fat) and IR (HOMA‐IR ≥2.5) were identified using untargeted high‐throughput miRNAs sequencing (RNA‐seq).ResultsA total of 2123 PBMC‐derived miRNAs were identified in children with (21.4%) or without MAFLD. Among them, hsa‐miR‐143‐3p, hsa‐miR‐142‐5p and hsa‐miR‐660‐5p were up‐regulated, and p‐hsa‐miR‐247, hsa‐let‐7a‐5p and hsa‐miR‐6823‐3p down‐regulated. Importantly, children with MAFLD had consistently higher miR‐660‐5p expression levels than their peers without it (p < 0.01), regardless of weight status. A total of 2124 PBMC‐derived miRNA were identified in children with IR (28.6%) versus children without IR, where thirteen of them were dysregulated (p < 0.05) in children with IR. In addition, children with IR showed higher levels of miR‐374a‐5p and miR‐190a‐5p (p < 0.01) and lower levels of miR‐4284 and miR‐4791 (p < 005), than their peers without IR in both the whole sample and in those with overweight or obesity.ConclusionsOur study results suggest circulating miR‐660‐5p as a potential biomarker of the presence of MAFLD in preadolescent children while circulating miR‐320a, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐190a‐5p, miR‐374a‐5p and let‐7 family miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers of IR in children.
Epidemiological and clinical features of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children during the outbreak of Omicron variant in Shanghai, March 7–31, 2022
Authors: Wang Xiangshi , Chang Hailing , Tian He , Zhu Yanfeng , Li Jingjing , Wei Zhongqiu , Wang Yixue , Xia Aimei , Ge Yanling , Liu Gongbao , Cai Jiehao , Zhu Qirong , Zhai Xiaowen , Zeng Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the early stage of Omicron variant outbreak in Shanghai.MethodsThis study included local COVID‐19 cases <18 years in Shanghai referred to the exclusively designated hospital from March 7 to March 31, 2022. Clinical data, epidemiological exposure, and COVID‐19 vaccination status were collected. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated to assess the effect of vaccination on symptomatic infection and febrile disease.ResultsA total of 376 pediatric cases of COVID‐19 (median age: 6.0 ± 4.2 years) were referred to the designated hospital, including 257 (68.4%) symptomatic cases and 119 (31.6%) asymptomatic cases. Of the 307 (81.6%) children ≥3 years eligible for COVID‐19 vaccination, 110 (35.8%) received two doses of vaccines. The median interval between the completion of two‐dose vaccination and infection was 3.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3, 4.5) months. Compared with no vaccination, two‐dose COVID‐19 vaccination reduced the risks of symptomatic infection and febrile disease by 35% (RR 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.79) and 33% (RR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.51–0.81) among confirmed cases. Eighty‐four percent of symptomatic cases had fever (mean duration: 1.7 ± 1.0.8 days), 40.5% had cough, and 16.4% had transient leukopenia. Three hundred and seven (81.6%) had an epidemiological exposure in household (69.1%), school (21.8%), and residential area (8.8%).ConclusionThe surge of pediatric COVID‐19 cases and multiple transmission model reflect wide dissemination of Omicron variant in the community. Asymptomatic infection is common among Omicron‐infected children. COVID‐19 vaccination can offer some protection against symptomatic infection and febrile disease.
Examining virtual reality as a platform for developing mental models of industrial systems
Authors: Slezaka Robert J. , Keren Nir , Gilbert Stephen B. , Harvey Matthew E. , Ryan Saxon J. , Wiley Alex J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndustrial systems can be complex and not intuitive to perceive. Therefore, students in technology and engineering programs can benefit from developing mental models of industrial systems during their journey in college. However, more often than not, these students do not have access to industrial facilities; thus, developing mental models for systems is a challenge. This paper examines the merit of an Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) framework application in creating proper mental models for industrial systems in technology and engineering students. Two IVR applications were developed. One IVR application afforded interaction with components of a prefabricated industrial cooling water system (CWVR). In the other application, students designed and built industrial systems with IVR (system designer VR [SDVR]). SDVR facilitated constructive‐generative engagement. A group of 33 students was divided into two; one group (the Design, experimental group) was tasked with building a system with SDVR and interacting with the cooling water system in CWVR. The other group was tasked with directly interacting with the CWVR without building a system with SDVR (the Interaction, comparison group). Students' mental models of the cooling water system in CWVR were evaluated following completing the interaction experience with CWVR. The results demonstrate that the causal model notion of the mental model of the cooling water system was significantly higher in the Design, experimental group. The results suggest that designing a rich IVR application that facilitates constructive‐generative engagements may carry merit in informing student mental models of complex technical concepts.
Sharing economy rebound: The case of peer‐to‐peer sharing of food waste
Authors: Meshulam Tamar , Font‐Vivanco David , Blass Vered , Makov Tamar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe digital sharing economy is commonly thought to promote sustainable consumption and improve material efficiency through better utilization of existing product stocks. However, the cost savings and convenience of using digital sharing platforms can ultimately stimulate additional demand for products and services. As a result, some or even all of the expected environmental benefits attributed to sharing could be offset, a phenomenon known as the rebound effect. Relying on a unique dataset covering over 750,000 food items shared in the United Kingdom through a free peer‐to‐peer food‐sharing platform, we use econometric modeling, geo‐spatial network analysis, and environmentally extended input–output analysis to quantify how much of the expected environmental benefits attributed to sharing are offset via rebound effects under seven re‐spending scenarios. We find that rebound effects can offset 59–94% of expected greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, 20–81% of expected water depletion benefits, and 23–90% of land use benefit as platform users re‐spent the money saved from food sharing on other goods and services. Our results demonstrate that rebound effects could limit the potential to achieve meaningful reductions in environmental burdens through sharing, and highlight the importance of incorporating rebound effects in environmental assessments of the digital sharing economy.
Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption following COVID‐19 in an adolescent boy: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mahama Ayisha , Kojder Priscilla , Thibodeaux Quinn , Ruth Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) is a mucosal‐predominant eruption that usually affects two or more mucosal sites. We present a case of RIME secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and provide a brief review of the literature with a focus on the natural history and response to treatment. This entity may require inpatient management and systemic corticosteroids for symptom control in the pediatric population.
Solvatomorphs of Iron(II) Complex with N,N'-Disubstituted 2,6-Bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine with a Temperature-Induced Spin Transition in Solution
Authors: Mel’nikova E. K. , Nikovskii I. A. , Polezhaev A. V. , Nelyubina Yu. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The reaction of the tridentate ligand 4-(2,6-bis(5-tert-butyl-1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridin-4-yl)benzonitrile (L) with iron(II) salt gave the complex [Fe(L)2](BF4)2, which was isolated in a pure state and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction as two crystal polymorphs differing in the nature of the solvent molecule in the crystal (solvatomorphs I and II). According to the results of X-ray diffraction study (CCDC nos. 2104367 (I), 2104368 (II)), the iron(II) ion in these compounds occurs in different spin states and does not undergo a temperature-induced spin transition, which was previously observed for this complex in solution. The details of supramolecular organization of two solvatomorphs that prevent this transition were studied using the Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Model-independent approach to effective sound speed in multi-field inflation
Authors: Romano Antonio Enea , Turzyński Krzysztof , Vallejo-Peña Sergio Andrés 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor any physical system satisfying the Einstein’s equations, the comoving curvature perturbations satisfy an equation involving the momentum-dependent effective sound speed, valid for any system with a well defined energy-stress tensor, including multi-fields models of inflation. We derive a general model-independent formula for the effective sound speed of comoving adiabatic perturbations, valid for a generic field-space metric, without assuming any approximation to integrate out entropy perturbations, but expressing the momentum-dependent effective sound speed in terms of the components of the total energy-stress tensor. As an application, we study a number of two-field models with a kinetic coupling between the fields, identifying the single curvature mode of the effective theory and showing that momentum-dependent effective sound speed fully accounts for the predictions for the power spectrum of curvature perturbations. Our results show that the momentum-dependent effective sound speed is a convenient scheme for describing all inflationary models that admit a single-field effective theory, including the effects of entropy pertubations present in multi-fields systems.
A novel “on-off-on” fluorescent sensor based on TSPP-Ag+ for S2− detection in real samples
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Huan , Zhang Rong , Mao Chunhe , Mu Wencheng , Jiang Lu , Ma Qin 
Published: August 2022

As a new fluorescence sensor for S[Formula: see text]detection, TSPP-Ag[Formula: see text]-based “on-off-on” switches were designed. 5,10,15,20-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) is used as a good fluorescent probe due to its high quantum yield, good water solubility and good biocompatibility. At room temperature, the TSPP releases the optimal fluorescence emission wavelength at 642 nm when the excitation wavelength is set to 515 nm. This indicates the “turn on” mode and the color of the solution demonstrated is pink at this time. The strong fluorescence of TSPP can be firstly quenched by Ag[Formula: see text] as it can chelate with N atoms in the TSPP cavity, which causes the fluorescence intensity to become weak and the color of the solution changes from pink to light green. At this point, the fluorescence signal for the study system is in the “turn-off” state. When S[Formula: see text]are added to the TSPP-Ag[Formula: see text] sensing system, the fluorescence signal is recovered again due to the generation of silver sulfide (Ag2S), correspondingly, the solution color changed from light green to yellow-black. At this point, the fluorescence emission for the study system is in the “turn-on” state. Moreover, TSPP-Ag[Formula: see text] showed good selectivity and sensitivity towards S[Formula: see text]than other metal ions, and the limit of detection (LOD) is lowererd to 1.77 [Formula: see text]M, the linear range is 0 - 29.21 [Formula: see text]M. In addition, the concentration of S[Formula: see text]is detected in rabbit serum. Both of the recoveries and RSDs are within satisfactory range, which indicates that the promoted “on-off-on” fluorescent sensor can be applied to detect S[Formula: see text]in real samples.
Practical generic programming over a universe of native datatypes
Authors: Escot Lucas , Cockx Jesper 
Published: August 2022

Datatype-generic programming makes it possible to define a
construction once and apply it to a large class of datatypes.
It is often used to avoid code duplication in languages that
encourage the definition of custom datatypes, in particular
state-of-the-art dependently typed languages where one can have
many variants of the same datatype with different type-level invariants.
In addition to giving access to familiar programming
constructions for free, datatype-generic programming in the
dependently typed setting also allows for the construction of generic proofs.
However, the current interfaces available for this
purpose are needlessly hard to use or are limited in the range of
datatypes they handle.
In this paper, we describe the design of a library for safe and
user-friendly datatype-generic programming in the Agda
language. Generic constructions in our library are regular Agda
functions over a broad universe of datatypes, yet they can be
specialized to native Agda datatypes with a simple one-liner.
Furthermore, we provide building blocks so that library designers can too
define their own datatype-generic constructions.
Random testing of a higher-order blockchain language (experience report)
Authors: Hoang Tram , Trunov Anton , Lampropoulos Leonidas , Sergey Ilya 
Published: August 2022

We describe our experience of using property-based testing---an approach for
automatically generating random inputs to check executable program
specifications---in a development of a higher-order smart contract language that
powers a state-of-the-art blockchain with thousands of active daily users.
We outline the process of integrating QuickChick---a framework for
property-based testing built on top of the Coq proof assistant---into a
real-world language implementation in OCaml. We discuss the challenges we have
encountered when generating well-typed programs for a realistic higher-order
smart contract language, which mixes purely functional and imperative
computations and features runtime resource accounting. We describe the set of
the language implementation properties that we tested, as well as the semantic
harness required to enable their validation. The properties range from the
standard type safety to the soundness of a control- and type-flow analysis used
by the optimizing compiler. Finally, we present the list of bugs discovered and
rediscovered with the help of QuickChick and discuss their severity and possible
ramifications.
Clinical Analysis of Echocardiography and Serum IL-6 and TNF-α Changes in Pregnant Women with Hypertension
Authors: Liu Ying , Hou Xiaolin , Yu Mei , Zhou Jin 
Published: August 2022

In order to explore the changes and clinical significance of serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ET levels in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDIP), echocardiography, and serum IL-6 and TNF-α changes in pregnant women with a hypertensive disorder, a clinical analysis method was proposed. A retrospective analysis of 59 pregnant women who visited the obstetrics department of a provincial hospital was divided into 2 groups. The normal control group consisted of 32 normal, uncomplicated pregnant women; the preeclampsia group included 27 patients with systolic blood

pressure
>
140

mmHg

and/or diastolic blood

pressure
>
90

mmHg

who developed proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum of normal pregnant women and pregnant women with preeclampsia were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that compared with normal pregnant women, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the early pregnant women of Zizhi were significantly increased, and the trend of increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels was related to the severity of complications. With the mean pulmonary artery

pressure
>
50

mmHg

, the serum TNF-α level of pregnant women was significantly higher than that of pregnant women with mean pulmonary artery

pressure
<
50

mmHg

. The analysis found that the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with hypoxic gestational hypertension were significantly increased, and the results of lung tissue immunohistochemistry also showed that serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in patients with hypoxic gestational hypertension were significantly increased. And serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with right ventricular systolic blood pressure (RVSP). Conclusion. This study revealed that the elevated levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 are closely related to the pathophysiological process of gestational hypertension. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and ET were significantly increased, and the changes of serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ET levels had important clinical value for closely monitoring the severity of the disease and the development of the disease.
Coleções colaborativas: um espaço de dois universos
Authors: Nicolau Netto Michel , Ábile Bárbara Venturini 
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo estudamos a produção de fronteiras simbólicas e sociais valendo-nos das coleções de roupas realizadas entre marcas de luxo e de fast fashion. Elas são divulgadas como democratização do luxo, já que supostamente facilitam o acesso a esses tipos de bens. Nossa análise sobre as colaborações entre a fast fashion Riachuelo e as marcas de luxo Versace e Karl Lagerfeld mostra, contudo, que essas colaborações não embaralham esses universos e seus consumidores. Identificamos uma unificação simbólica do mercado de luxo, a consequente expansão transclasse do reconhecimento de elementos estabelecidos como distintivos e o estabelecimento de hierarquias que mantêm as fronteiras sociais entre as classes.
“Tuve la mala suerte de comer en el Ritz": a autobiografia de Victoria Ocampo e a composição do habitus de elite em Buenos Aires em princípios do século XX
Authors: Tedesco Alexandra Dias Ferraz 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo revisa a trajetória intelectual de Victoria Ocampo à luz das reflexões de uma história intelectual sociologicamente orientada. Essa abordagem atenta ao papel de Ocampo como testemunha da constituição de um habitus cultivado, central para a composição do campo intelectual argentino. Proponho que três aspectos da autobiografia de Ocampo – o uso culto de línguas não maternas, a espacialidade urbana de sua criação e seu epistolário – elucidam dispositivos de consagração das atitudes intelectuais que estão na base da autoimagem da elite argentina do início do século xx e servem como paradigma para uma reflexão sobre a pertinência interdisciplinar do testemunho enquanto observatório de práticas sociais condensadas nos dispositivos de distinção cultural.
Bypass of Primary Stroke Centers Compared With Secondary Transfer for Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Hong Jae Beom , Diprose William K. , Wang Michael T. M. , Meyer Juliette , Kilfoyle Dean , Brew Stefan , Barber Peter Alan 
Published: August 2022

Background
Our stroke network operates a hybrid organizational structure, with patients with potential large‐vessel occlusion taken to the local primary stroke center (PSC) during office hours, and directly bypassed to the endovascular thrombectomy–capable stroke center (EVT‐SC) after hours. We aimed to compare the 2 methods of transfer.

Methods
Consecutive patients with anterior large‐vessel occlusion treated with EVT between August 2017 and February 2021 were identified. Patients who had EVT puncture within 6 hours of last known normal were included for analysis. Patients were grouped into method of presentation: direct bypass to EVT‐SC (“EVT‐SC direct”) or taken to local PSC with secondary transfer to EVT‐SC (“PSC‐transfer”). The primary outcome was 3‐month functional independence (modified Rankin scale score 0–2). Secondary outcomes included mortality at 7 days and at 3 months.

Results

A total of 259 patients (109 women; mean±SD age, 66.8±15.2 years) were included; there were 91 (35.1%) EVT‐SC direct and 168 (64.9%) PSC‐transfer patients. The EVT‐SC direct patients had shorter median times from last known normal to thrombolysis (120 versus 147 minutes;
P
=0.004) and puncture (190 versus 230 minutes;
P
<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that EVT‐SC direct patients had greater 3‐month functional independence (odds ratio [OR], 2.04 [95% CI, 1.12–3.73];
P
=0.02) and lower 3‐month mortality (OR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.12–0.91];
P
=0.03). For every 100 patients directly bypassed to EVT‐SC, there were 14 more patients functionally independent and 9 fewer who had died, at 3 months.

Conclusions
In this comparison of 2 organizational paradigms in patients with a PSC as the closest stroke center, direct bypass to EVT‐SC resulted in significantly better process times and clinical outcomes compared with secondary transfers from PSCs.