bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on antibacterial effect of halicin (SU3327) against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Hussain Zubair , Pengfei She , Yimin Li , Shasha Liu , Zehao Li , Yifan Yang , Linhui Li , Linying Zhou , Yong Wu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Enterococci are important pathogens of nosocomial infections and are increasingly difficult to treat due to their intrinsic and acquired resistance to a range of antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibacterial agents, while drug repurposing is a promising approach to address this issue. Our study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of halicin against enterococci and found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of halicin against different strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium ranged from 4 to 8 μg/ml. In addition, the synergistic antibacterial effect between halicin and doxycycline (DOX) against Enterococcus was observed through the checkerboard method, and it was observed that halicin and DOX could significantly synergistically inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate preformed biofilms at sub-MICs. Moreover, the electron microscope results revealed that halicin could also disrupt the bacterial cell membrane at high concentrations. Furthermore, it is also confirmed that the combination of halicin and DOX has no significant cytotoxic effect on erythrocytes and other human-derived cells. In addition, the mouse subcutaneous model and H&E staining showed that the combination of halicin and DOX could effectively reduce the bacterial load and inflammatory infiltration without obvious side effects. In nutshell, these results demonstrate the potential of halicin in combination with DOX as a novel therapy against infections by Enterococcus.
Lateral Relations in World Politics: Rethinking Interactions and Change among Fields, Systems, and Sectors
Authors: Peña Alejandro M , Davies Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Scholarship drawing from a wide array of perspectives including field theoretical and functional differentiation approaches has shed increasing light on the sectoral dimensions of world politics. In contrast to dominant approaches emphasizing hierarchy and power in relations between global fields, this article offers a novel interpretive framework for understanding how diverse fields, systems, or sectors may interact and facilitate change in world politics beyond the operation of established hierarchies and power dynamics. Taking forward the previously underutilized concept of symbolically generalized media of communication, this article elucidates two processes of international political change by which different fields, systems, or sectors may transform world politics. The first process, lateral retreat, is illustrated with reference to the case study of the Protestant Reformation, in which internal changes in the religious field facilitated the development of an increasingly autonomous political domain. The second process, lateral penetration, is illustrated with reference to the international political response to the climate change and Covid-19 crises, in which the scientific sector contributed toward transformed political priorities and associated hierarchies, at least in the short term. These diverse cases are used to indicate the broad potential scope of application of the concept of symbolically generalized media of communication to enrich relational theorizing in the study of international relations, and to improve understanding of diverse dynamics of international political change missed in traditional power- (and anarchy-) centric accounts.
What's in a Norm? Centering the Study of Moral Values in Scholarship on Norm Interactions
Authors: Quissell Kathryn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some norms go through long contested periods, resulting in norm change, rejection, or persisting conflict. Others are adopted quite quickly, with little resistance across diverse societies. An underlying and unanswered theoretical question is why? A foundational characteristic of a norm as a concept, and a key aspect of constructivist scholarship on norms, is the role of values and moral principles in giving norms meaning and in motivating global policy change. For a field placing significant emphasis on the importance of ideas, the limited theorizing around the value-based content of these ideas is a notable shortcoming. Emphasizing the importance of moral values as among the most deeply held beliefs, I outline a theory of how moral values and moral distance can help explain why certain normative processes and outcomes occur. Building from constructivist work on norms and social psychology scholarship on morality, I propose that moral distance, the degree of alignment, overlap, or separation in moral values between actors can help to explain the type of contestation, the intensity and duration of contestation, and what processes or outcomes are more likely to transpire. The shorter the moral distance, the more likely persuasion or adaptations will occur, leading to the eventual adoption of a norm. The greater the moral distance, the more likely prolonged and heated contestation will occur, leading to rejection or enduring contestation. I argue that centering the analysis of moral values and moral distance in research on normative agreement and disagreement can therefore contribute to understanding why or under what circumstances conflict is more or less likely to happen.
Apps for Covid-19 in Germany: assessment using the German Mobile App Rating Scale
Authors: Holl Felix , Flemisch Fabian , Swoboda Walter , Schobel Johannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to provide an overview of apps to help control the spread of Covid-19 in Germany and rate them according to standardized instruments.Materials and methodsThe Apple App Store and Google Play Store were systematically searched to identify apps dealing with Covid-19 in Germany. The German Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS-G) was used to independently assess app quality by 2 trained reviewers.ResultsOverall, the quality of the 6 rated apps was good with a mean score of 4.15 (3.88–4.34). The best-rated apps were NINA app (4.34) and Corona Health App (4.29). The best-rated sections were functionality (4.40), aesthetic (4.25), and information (4.25). In contrast, the worst-rated section was engagement (3.63). Even though some of the apps were used by more people than others, there was no correlation between the MARS-G rating and app store rating. In addition, the MARS-G proved to be effective even with rating apps, which have different goals and methods to achieve them.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study that identified and evaluated German Covid-19 mobile health apps available in the German app stores. The review shows that despite the excellent quality in aspects like information and functionality, there is still a gap in the engagement section. To motivate more people to use the Covid-19 apps, new ideas are needed, besides more information and education about the functionality of the apps, to gain trust in app developers and raise the number of downloads.
Molecular Identification of Newly Recorded Louse Columbicola tschulyschman Eichler (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) From Saudi Arabia With a Note on Genus Columbicola spp. Phylogeny
Authors: Alotaibi Noura J , Al-Turaiki Isra M , Alajmi Reem , Fouzi Boulkenafet , Amjad Bashir Muhammad , Almusawi Zainab , Metwally Dina M , Alzarzor Alajami Mais A , Alajmi Fatemah E , Nasser Mohamed G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chewing lice comprise a large group of ectoparasites that colonize and adversely affect several domestic and wild birds including pigeons. In Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of studies describing such ectoparasites and their infestation rates. Through this work, a new record, Columbicola, tschulyschman Eichler (C. tschulyschman Eichler) was collected from domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica, Linnaeus). The collected C. tschulyschman Eichler was morphologically identified based on specific taxonomic keys. Mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1α) gene fragments were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. In this study, the C. tschulyschman Eichler accounted for around 69.40%. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tschulyschman Eichler in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To improve the tree topology and differentiate between genera, further studies should utilize the 16s rRNA.
Standard Terms
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the standard terms. The notion of ‘standard terms’ has traditionally focused on the intention of using pre-drafted terms for an indefinite number of contracts of a certain nature. The matter also implies how these terms have not been individually negotiated. The main purposes of standard terms have been to facilitate the negotiation and performance of the contract and allocate contractual risks to the benefit of the party introducing the respective standard terms. However, modern contract types do not abide by these traditional rules. The chapter then notes the specific rules and incorporation of standard terms. It mentions the significance of transparency as well.
Pre-Contractual Liability
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the basis of pre-contractual liability. Violating parties’ pre-contractual duties may give rise to liability for damages. There are three possibilities to classify such as contractual by nature, from tort law, or being in an independent category. The practical relevance of determining the dogmatic basis for liability of pre-contractual duties becomes apparent concerning legal systems that display marked differences between contract and tort laws. The chapter notes how comparative analysis reveals how the extent of liability, in general, depends on the scope of the breached pre-contractual duty. It mentions the possibility of loss in line with pre-contractual liability.
Conformity of the Goods
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the conformity of goods. The distinction between cases of non-conformity and cases of non-delivery is of great practical importance as all legal consequences differ depending on the classification of the case. It highlights the contractual requirements wherein quantity, quality, nature, description, and packaging are considered. Additionally, the chapter notes the domestic approach and uniform approach used to tackle immaterial discrepancies. It also includes the burden of proof in the hands of the seller. All legal systems recognize that the knowledge of the buyer to any purported non-conformity given significance is in line with the seller’s liability.
Avoidance
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter notes the notion of avoidance, which represents the most severe interference with the contractual relationship established between the parties. The conceptual guidelines of the CISG are used to remedy the avoidance of contracts. The ambiguity of the term ‘avoidance’ also pervades at the international level. The grounds for avoidance vary from impossibility, delay, non-conformity, and legal defects. The chapter covers the extent of the Nachfrist approach and Fundamental Breach approach. It clarifies the difference between avoidance and rescission as well. Moreover, exercising the right to avoid the contract might result in the impossibility to make restitution.
Veteran Postpartum Health: VA Care Team Perspectives on Care Coordination, Health Equity, and Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Gopisetty Deepti Divya , Shaw Jonathan G , Gray Caroline , Frayne Susan , Phibbs Ciaran , Shankar Megha 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A growing number of veterans are having children, and pregnancy is an opportunity to engage with health care. Within the Veterans Health Administration (VA), the VA maternity care coordination program supports veterans before, during, and after pregnancy, which are periods that inherently involve transitions between clinicians and risk care fragmentation. Postpartum transitions in care are known to be especially tenuous, with low rates of primary care reengagement. The objective of this study is to better understand this transition from the perspectives of the VA care teams.

Materials and Methods
Eight semi-structured qualitative interviews with VA team members who work in maternity care were conducted at a single VA center’s regional network. Interviews explored the transition from maternity care to primary care to understand the care team’s perspective at three levels: patient, clinician, and systems. Rapid qualitative analysis was used to identify emergent themes.

Results
Participants identified facilitators and opportunities for improvement in the postpartum transition of care. Patient–clinician trust is a key facilitator in the transition from maternity to primary care for veterans, and the breadth of VA services emerged as a key system-level facilitator to success. Interviewees also highlighted opportunities for improvement, including more trauma-informed practices for nonbinary veterans, increased care coordination between VA and community staff, and the need for training in postpartum health with an emphasis on health equity for primary care clinicians.

Conclusions
The Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System care team perspectives may inform practice changes to support the transition from maternity to primary care for veterans. To move toward health equity, a system-level approach to policy and programming is necessary to reduce barriers to primary care reengagement. This study was limited in terms of sample size, and future research should explore veteran perspectives on VA postpartum care transitions.
Towards solar measurements of nuclear reaction rates
Authors: Bellinger Earl Patrick , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Nuclear reaction rates are a fundamental yet uncertain ingredient in stellar evolution models. The astrophysical S-factor pertaining to the initial reaction in the proton–proton (pp) chain is uncertain at the 1 per cent level, which contributes a systematic but generally unpropagated error of similar order in the theoretical ages of stars. In this work, we study the prospect of improving the measurement of this and other reaction rates in the pp chain and CNO cycle using helioseismology and solar neutrinos. We show that when other aspects of the solar model are improved, then it shall be possible using current solar data to improve the precision of this measurement by nearly an order of magnitude and hence the corresponding uncertainty on the ages of low-mass stars by a similar amount.
Dwarf AGNs from variability for the origins of seeds (DAVOS): Intermediate-mass black hole demographics from optical synoptic surveys
Authors: Burke Colin J , Shen Yue , Liu Xin , Natarajan Priyamvada , Caplar Neven , Bellovary Jillian M , Wang Z Franklin 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a phenomenological forward Monte Carlo model for forecasting the population of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in dwarf galaxies observable via their optical variability. Our model accounts for expected changes in the spectral energy distribution of AGNs in the intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) mass range and uses observational constraints on optical variability as a function of black hole (BH) mass to generate mock light curves. Adopting several different models for the BH occupation function, including one for off-nuclear IMBHs, we quantify differences in the predicted local AGN mass and luminosity functions in dwarf galaxies. As a result, we are able to model the fraction of variable AGNs as a function of important galaxy host properties, such as host galaxy stellar mass, in the presence of selection effects. We find that our adopted occupation fractions for the ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ initial BH seeding scenarios can be distinguished with variability at the 2–3σ level for galaxy host stellar masses below ∼108M⊙ with data from the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We also demonstrate the prevalence of a selection bias whereby recovered IMBH masses fall, on average, above the predicted value from the local host galaxy–BH mass scaling relation with the strength of this bias dependent on the survey sensitivity. Our methodology can be used more broadly to calibrate AGN demographic studies in synoptic surveys. Finally, we show that a targeted ∼ hourly cadence program over a few nights with the Rubin Observatory can provide strong constraints on IMBH masses given their expected rapid variability time-scales.
The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) V: on the thermodynamic properties of the cool circumgalactic medium at z ≲ 1
Authors: Qu Zhijie , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Rudie Gwen C , Zahedy Fakhri S , Johnson Sean D , Boettcher Erin , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Chen Mandy C , Cooksey Kathy L , DePalma David , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Rauch Michael , Schaye Joop , Simcoe Robert A 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a systematic study of the photoionization and thermodynamic properties of the cool circumgalactic medium (CGM) as traced by rest-frame ultraviolet absorption lines around 26 galaxies at redshift z ≲ 1. The study utilizes both high-quality far-ultraviolet and optical spectra of background QSOs and deep galaxy redshift surveys to characterize the gas density, temperature, and pressure of individual absorbing components and to resolve their internal non-thermal motions. The derived gas density spans more than three decades, from $\log (n_{\rm H}/{{\rm cm^{-3}}}) \approx -4$ to −1, while the temperature of the gas is confined in a narrow range of log (T/K) ≈ 4.3 ± 0.3. In addition, a weak anticorrelation between gas density and temperature is observed, consistent with the expectation of the gas being in photoionization equilibrium. Furthermore, decomposing the observed line widths into thermal and non-thermal contributions reveals that more than 30 per cent of the components at z ≲ 1 exhibit line widths driven by non-thermal motions, in comparison to &lt;20 per cent found at z ≈ 2–3. Attributing the observed non-thermal line widths to intra-clump turbulence, we find that massive quenched galaxies on average exhibit higher non-thermal broadening/turbulent energy in their CGM compared to star-forming galaxies at z ≲ 1. Finally, strong absorption features from multiple ions covering a wide range of ionization energy (e.g. from Mg ii to O iv) can be present simultaneously in a single absorption system with kinematically aligned component structure, but the inferred pressure in different phases may differ by a factor of ≈10.
Double detonations: variations in Type Ia supernovae due to different core and He shell masses – II. Synthetic observables
Authors: Collins Christine E , Gronow Sabrina , Sim Stuart A , Röpke Friedrich K 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Double detonations of sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs are a promising explosion scenario for Type Ia supernovae, whereby a detonation in a surface helium shell triggers a secondary detonation in a carbon-oxygen core. Recent work has shown that low-mass helium shell models reproduce observations of normal SNe Ia. We present 3D radiative transfer simulations for a suite of 3D simulations of the double detonation explosion scenario for a range of shell and core masses. We find light curves broadly able to reproduce the faint end of the width–luminosity relation shown by SNe Ia, however, we find that all of our models show extremely red colours, not observed in normal SNe Ia. This includes our lowest mass helium shell model. We find clear Ti ii absorption features in the model spectra, which would lead to classification as peculiar SNe Ia, as well as line blanketing in some lines of sight by singly ionized Cr and Fe-peak elements. Our radiative transfer simulations show that these explosion models remain promising to explain peculiar SNe Ia. Future full non-LTE simulations may improve the agreement of these explosion models with observations of normal SNe Ia.
Dipolar dark matter simulations on galaxy scales with the ramses code
Authors: Stahl Clément , Famaey Benoit , Thomas Guillaume , Dubois Yohan , Ibata Rodrigo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We numerically explore on galaxy scales the dipolar dark matter (DM) model based on the concept of gravitational polarization. This DM model has been proposed as a natural way to reproduce observed tight galactic scaling relations such as the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation and the Radial Acceleration Relation. We present a customized version of the RAMSES code including for the first time the dynamics of this Dipolar DM in N-body simulations. As a first application of this code, we check that we recover an equilibrium configuration that had been found analytically, where a low density Dipolar DM halo is at rest with respect to its central galaxy, recovering the aforementioned scaling relations. A characteristic signature of this equilibrium model is that it harbours a dynamical instability with a characteristic time depending on the Dipolar DM halo density, which we recover numerically. This represents a first step towards more involved simulations needed to test this framework, ranging from galaxy interactions to structure formation.
The nuclear transient AT 2017gge: a tidal disruption event in a dusty and gas-rich environment and the awakening of a dormant SMBH
Authors: Onori F , Cannizzaro G , Jonker P G , Kim M , Nicholl M , Mattila S , Reynolds T M , Fraser M , Wevers T , Brocato E , Anderson J P , Carini R , Charalampopoulos P , Clark P , Gromadzki M , Gutiérrez C P , Ihanec N , Inserra C , Lawrence A , Leloudas G , Lundqvist P , Müller-Bravo T E , Piranomonte S , Pursiainen M , Rybicki K A , Somero A , Young D R , Chambers K C , Gao H , de Boer T J L , Magnier E A 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results from a dense multwavelength [optical/UV, near-infrared (IR), and X-ray] follow-up campaign of the nuclear transient AT 2017gge, covering a total of 1698 d from the transient’s discovery. The bolometric light curve, the blackbody temperature and radius, the broad H and He i λ5876 emission lines and their evolution with time, are all consistent with a tidal disruption event (TDE) nature. A soft X-ray flare is detected with a delay of ∼200 d with respect to the optical/UV peak and it is rapidly followed by the emergence of a broad He ii λ4686 and by a number of long-lasting high ionization coronal emission lines. This indicate a clear connection between a TDE flare and the appearance of extreme coronal line emission (ECLEs). An IR echo, resulting from dust re-radiation of the optical/UV TDE light is observed after the X-ray flare and the associated near-IR spectra show a transient broad feature in correspondence of the He i λ10830 and, for the first time in a TDE, a transient high-ionization coronal NIR line (the [Fe xiii] λ10798) is also detected. The data are well explained by a scenario in which a TDE occurs in a gas-and-dust rich environment and its optical/UV, soft X-ray, and IR emission have different origins and locations. The optical emission may be produced by stellar debris stream collisions prior to the accretion disc formation, which is instead responsible for the soft X-ray flare, emitted after the end of the circularization process.