bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz non-destructive testing of power generator bars with a dielectric waveguide antenna
Authors: Bauer Maris , Hussung Raphael , Matheis Carsten , Mashkin Andrey , Krane Stefan , Pohlmann Friedhelm , Friederich Fabian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTerahertz technologies for non-destructive testing (NDT) are continuing to find their way into the industrial sector in the context of very specific inspection tasks. Part of this development is the capability to adapt terahertz systems in such a way that they can meet the sometimes harsh challenges and requirements of real-world industrial scenarios. One such scenario is the inspection of components with limited available measurement space. In particular, we show here the terahertz NDT inspection of the mica insulation of generator bars of turbogenerators at power plants, where an early on-site detection of defects and cracks in the insulation can be crucial, but where only few centimeters of space between adjacent bars are available. To address this problem, we have developed a measurement system combining a 100 GHz all-electronic terahertz transceiver with a low-loss dielectric waveguide antenna with 90 degree tip. We achieve sub-wavelength image resolution by scanning the waveguide antenna's tip over the surface of the generator bars in a near-field measurement setup. Employing a frequency-modulated continuous wave technique, we obtain depth-resolved, volumetric terahertz images of the objects under test. We discuss here the implementation and performance of the implemented measurement system for terahertz NDT inspection. keywords: terahertz, non-destructive testing, dielectric waveguides, frequency-modulated continuous wave, millimeter waves, power generators
Reductions in California's Urban Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Yañez C. C. , Hopkins F. M. , Xu X. , Tavares J. F. , Welch A. , Czimczik C. I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (ffCO2) constitute the majority of greenhouse gas emissions and are the main determinant of global climate change. The COVID‐19 pandemic caused wide‐scale disruption to human activity and provided an opportunity to evaluate our capability to detect ffCO2 emission reductions. Quantifying changes in ffCO2 levels is especially challenging in cities, where climate mitigation policies are being implemented but local emissions lead to spatially and temporally complex atmospheric mixing ratios. Here, we assess ffCO2 emission patterns associated with pandemic‐induced changes to human activity using direct observations of on‐road CO2 mole fractions in the Los Angeles (LA) urban area and analyses of the radiocarbon (14C) content of annual grasses collected by community scientists throughout California, USA. With COVID‐19 mobility restrictions in place in 2020, we observed a significant reduction in ffCO2 levels across California, especially in urban centers. In LA, on‐road CO2 enhancements were 60 ± 16% lower than the corresponding period of 2019 and rebounded to pre‐pandemic levels by 2021. Plant 14C analysis indicated ffCO2 reductions of 5 ± 10 ppm in 2020 relative to pre‐pandemic observations in LA. However, ffCO2 emission trajectories varied substantially by region and sector as COVID‐related restrictions were relaxed. Further development of these techniques could aid efforts to monitor decarbonization in cities, especially in developing countries without established CO2 monitoring infrastructure.
Regionally Variable Contribution of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus to Marine Annual Net Community Production
Authors: Letscher Robert T. , Wang Wei‐Lei , Liang Zhou , Knapp Angela N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMarine dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) serves as an organic nutrient to marine autotrophs, sustaining a portion of annual net community production (ANCP). Numerical models of ocean circulation and biogeochemistry have diagnosed the magnitude of this process at regional to global scales but have thus far been validated against DOP observations concentrated within the Atlantic basin. Here we assimilate a new marine DOP data set with global coverage to optimize an inverse model of the ocean phosphorus cycle to investigate the regionally variable role of marine DOP utilization by autotrophs contributing to ANCP. We find ∼25% of ANCP accumulates as DOP with a regionally variable pattern ranging from 8% to 50% across nine biomes investigated. Estimated mean surface ocean DOP lifetimes of ∼0.5–2 years allow for transport of DOP from regions of net production to net consumption in subtropical gyres. Globally, DOP utilization by autotrophs sustains ∼14% (0.9 Pg C yr−1) of ANCP with regional contributions as large as ∼75% within the oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific. Shallow export and remineralization of DOP within the ocean subtropics contributes ∼30%–80% of phosphate regeneration within the upper thermocline (<300 m). These shallow isopycnals beneath the subtropical gyres harboring the preponderance of remineralized DOP outcrop near the poleward edge of each gyre, which when combined with subsequent lateral transport equatorward by Ekman convergence, provide a shallow overturning loop retaining phosphorus within the subtropical biome, likely helping to sustain gyre ANCP over multiannual to decadal timescales.
Constraints on the Lithospheric Kinematics in the Aegean and Western Anatolia Unveiled by SKS Splitting Observations
Authors: Erman C. , Yolsal‐Çevikbilen S. , Eken T. , Tilmann F. , Keleş D. , Taymaz T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates azimuthal anisotropy and its relation to the geodynamical processes beneath the back‐arc of the Hellenic subduction zone in the eastern Aegean and western Anatolia where surface tectonics is dominated by the right‐lateral strike‐slip North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in the north and E‐W oriented normal fault systems. We obtained apparent SKS splitting parameters from 1,660 good quality and 137 null measurements extracted from 542 events recorded at 40 permanent broadband seismic stations. Overall, the station‐averaged splitting parameters indicate NNE‐SSW oriented fast directions (∼N20°E) and splitting delays around ∼1.5 s. The large splitting delays, particularly observed beneath the northern Aegean can be explained by either an enlarged mantle wedge thickness or increased strength of upper mantle anisotropy. We constrain complex anisotropy structures within two layer models from notable backazimuthal variations in individual splitting measurements observed beneath a few stations at the north located in a close proximity to the NAFZ and central‐western Anatolia. At the western end of the NAFZ, our estimated upper layer anisotropy direction (at ∼120 km) is rather parallel to the NAFZ reflecting the imprint of a lithospheric petrofabric formed by recent deformation while in central‐western Anatolia they correlate well with maximum shear directions and small splitting delays (∼0.6 s) appear to further support relatively thin lithosphere (∼90 km). An overall pattern of extension‐parallel fast directions (N10°E) within lower layer can be attributed to the slab rollback‐induced mantle flow that is highly oblique with respect to the WSW‐ward motion of the Anatolian lithosphere.
Expert consensus on regenerative endodontic procedures
Authors: Wei Xi , Yang Maobin , Yue Lin , Huang Dingming , Zhou Xuedong , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Qi , Qiu Lihong , Huang Zhengwei , Wang Hanguo , Meng Liuyan , Li Hong , Chen Wenxia , Zou Xiaoying , Ling Junqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRegenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis. The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex, extend the tooth longevity and restore the normal function. Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of REPs in promotion of root development through case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled studies. However, variations in clinical protocols for REPs exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the research field of regenerative endodontics. The heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners, thus guidelines and considerations of REPs should be explicated. This expert consensus mainly discusses the biological foundation, the available clinical protocols and current status of REPs in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis, as well as the main complications of this treatment, aiming at refining the clinical management of REPs in accordance with the progress of basic researches and clinical studies, suggesting REPs may become a more consistently evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Anterior cingulate glutamate metabolites as a predictor of antipsychotic response in first episode psychosis: data from the STRATA collaboration
Authors: Egerton Alice , Griffiths Kira , Casetta Cecila , Deakin Bill , Drake Richard , Howes Oliver D. , Kassoumeri Laura , Khan Sobia , Lankshear Steve , Lees Jane , Lewis Shon , Mikulskaya Elena , Millgate Edward , Oloyede Ebenezer , Pollard Rebecca , Rich Nathalie , Segev Aviv , Sendt Kyra-Verena , MacCabe James H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElevated brain glutamate has been implicated in non-response to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. Biomarkers that can accurately predict antipsychotic non-response from the first episode of psychosis (FEP) could allow stratification of patients; for example, patients predicted not to respond to standard antipsychotics could be fast-tracked to clozapine. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), we examined the ability of glutamate and Glx (glutamate plus glutamine) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and caudate to predict response to antipsychotic treatment. A total of 89 minimally medicated patients with FEP not meeting symptomatic criteria for remission were recruited across two study sites. 1H-MRS and clinical data were acquired at baseline, 2 and 6 weeks. Response was defined as >20% reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total score from baseline to 6 weeks. In the ACC, baseline glutamate and Glx were higher in Non-Responders and significantly predicted response (P < 0.02; n = 42). Overall accuracy was greatest for ACC Glx (69%) and increased to 75% when symptom severity at baseline was included in the model. Glutamate metabolites in the caudate were not associated with response, and there was no significant change in glutamate metabolites over time in either region. These results add to the evidence linking elevations in ACC glutamate metabolites to a poor antipsychotic response. They indicate that glutamate may have utility in predicting response during early treatment of first episode psychosis. Improvements in accuracy may be made by combining glutamate measures with other response biomarkers.
Using developmental regression to reorganize the clinical importance of autistic atypicalities
Authors: Gagnon David , Zeribi Abderrahim , Douard Élise , Courchesne Valérie , Huguet Guillaume , Jacquemont Sébastien , Loum Mor Absa , Mottron Laurent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEarly regression (ER) is often reported in autistic children with a prototypical phenotype and has been proposed as a possible pathognomonic sign present in most autistic children. Despite the uncertainties attached to its definition and report, using ER to anchor the autism phenotype could help identify the signs that best contribute to an autism diagnosis. We extracted retrospective data from 1547 autistic children between the ages of 6 and 18 years from the Simons Simplex collection. Logistic regression identified the atypicalities associated with a history of ER. Stepwise variable selection using logistic regression analysis followed by a bootstrap procedure of 1000 iterations identified the cluster of atypicalities best associated with ER. Linear and logistic regressions measured the association between combinations of atypicalities within the identified cluster and adaptative behaviors, diagnostic areas of severity, and other categories. Seven atypicalities significantly increased the likelihood of having experienced ER (OR = 1.73–2.13). Four (“hand leading—ever”, “pronominal reversal—ever”, “never shakes head at age 4–5” and “stereotypic use of objects or interest in parts of objects—ever”), when grouped together, best characterized the phenotype of verbal autistic children with ER. This clustering of signs was associated with certain persistent language difficulties, higher summary scores on a diagnostic scale for autism, and greater odds of receiving an “autistic disorder” diagnosis instead of another pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) diagnosis. These results raise questions about using language as a clinical specifier, defining cross-sectional signs independent of their relationship with an early developmental trajectory, and relying on polythetic criteria or equivalent weighted autistic atypicalities.
Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) inhibition reduces viral clearance and induces toxicity associated with muscular damage
Authors: del Rio Oliva Marta , Basler Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractValosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 has emerged as a central regulator of the ubiquitin–proteasome system by connecting ubiquitylation and degradation. The development of CB-5083, an ATPase D2-domain-selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of VCP/p97, allows targeting of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in human diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CB-5083 on the immune response in mice by using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) as an infection model. We demonstrate that LCMV infection increased the susceptibility to CB-5083 treatment in a CD8-independent manner. Administration of CB-5083 to mice reduced the cytotoxic T cell response and impaired viral clearance. Compared to uninfected cells, CB-5083 treatment enhanced the unfolded protein response in LCMV-infected cells. Administration of CB-5083 during the expansion of CD8+ T cells led to strong toxicity in mice within hours, which resulted in enhanced IL-6 levels in the serum and accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins. Furthermore, we linked the observed toxicity to the specific formation of aggregates in the skeletal muscle tissue and the upregulation of both lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the serum.
Electron cryo-microscopy reveals the structure of the archaeal thread filament
Authors: Gaines Matthew C. , Isupov Michail N. , Sivabalasarma Shamphavi , Haque Risat Ul , McLaren Mathew , Mollat Clara L. , Tripp Patrick , Neuhaus Alexander , Gold Vicki A. M. , Albers Sonja-Verena , Daum Bertram 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPili are filamentous surface extensions that play roles in bacterial and archaeal cellular processes such as adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, cell-cell communication, DNA uptake and horizontal gene transfer. The model archaeaon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius assembles three filaments of the type-IV pilus superfamily (archaella, archaeal adhesion pili and UV-inducible pili), as well as a so-far uncharacterised fourth filament, named “thread”. Here, we report on the cryo-EM structure of the archaeal thread. The filament is highly glycosylated and consists of subunits of the protein Saci_0406, arranged in a head-to-tail manner. Saci_0406 displays structural similarity, but low sequence homology, to bacterial type-I pilins. Thread subunits are interconnected via donor strand complementation, a feature reminiscent of bacterial chaperone-usher pili. However, despite these similarities in overall architecture, archaeal threads appear to have evolved independently and are likely assembled by a distinct mechanism.
A unified computational framework for single-cell data integration with optimal transport
Authors: Cao Kai , Gong Qiyu , Hong Yiguang , Wan Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle-cell data integration can provide a comprehensive molecular view of cells. However, how to integrate heterogeneous single-cell multi-omics as well as spatially resolved transcriptomic data remains a major challenge. Here we introduce uniPort, a unified single-cell data integration framework that combines a coupled variational autoencoder (coupled-VAE) and minibatch unbalanced optimal transport (Minibatch-UOT). It leverages both highly variable common and dataset-specific genes for integration to handle the heterogeneity across datasets, and it is scalable to large-scale datasets. uniPort jointly embeds heterogeneous single-cell multi-omics datasets into a shared latent space. It can further construct a reference atlas for gene imputation across datasets. Meanwhile, uniPort provides a flexible label transfer framework to deconvolute heterogeneous spatial transcriptomic data using an optimal transport plan, instead of embedding latent space. We demonstrate the capability of uniPort by applying it to integrate a variety of datasets, including single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, and spatially resolved transcriptomic data.
A universal all-solid synthesis for high throughput production of halide perovskite
Authors: Zheng Luyao , Nozariasbmarz Amin , Hou Yuchen , Yoon Jungjin , Li Wenjie , Zhang Yu , Wu Haodong , Yang Dong , Ye Tao , Sanghadasa Mohan , Wang Ke , Poudel Bed , Priya Shashank , Wang Kai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites show ubiquitous presences in growing fields at both fundamental and applied levels. Discovery, investigation, and application of innovative perovskites are heavily dependent on the synthetic methodology in terms of time-/yield-/effort-/energy- efficiency. Conventional wet chemistry method provides the easiness for growing thin film samples, but represents as an inefficient way for bulk crystal synthesis. To overcome these, here we report a universal solid state-based route for synthesizing high-quality perovskites, by means of simultaneously applying both electric and mechanical stress fields during the synthesis, i.e., the electrical and mechanical field-assisted sintering technique. We employ various perovskite compositions and arbitrary geometric designs for demonstration in this report, and establish such synthetic route with uniqueness of ultrahigh yield, fast processing and solvent-free nature, along with bulk products of exceptional quality approaching to single crystals. We exemplify the applications of the as-synthesized perovskites in photodetection and thermoelectric as well as other potentials to open extra chapters for future technical development.
Azoarene activation for Schmidt-type reaction and mechanistic insights
Authors: Meng Fan-Tao , Wang Ya-Nan , Qin Xiao-Yan , Li Shi-Jun , Li Jing , Hao Wen-Juan , Tu Shu-Jiang , Lan Yu , Jiang Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Schmidt rearrangement, a reaction that enables C-C or C-H σ bond cleavage and nitrogen insertion across an aldehyde or ketone substrate, is one of the most important and widely used synthetic tools for the installation of amides and nitriles. However, such a reaction frequently requires volatile, potentially explosive, and highly toxic azide reagents as the nitrogen donor, thus limiting its application to some extent. Here, we show a Schmidt-type reaction where aryldiazonium salts act as the nitrogen precursor and in-situ-generated cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl acetates serve as pronucleophiles from gold-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization of 1,3-enyne acetates. Noteworthy is that cycloketone-derived 1,3-enyne acetates enabled ring-expansion relay to access a series of 2-pyridone-containing fused heterocycles, in which nonsymmetric cycloketone-derived counterparts demonstrated high regioselectivity. Aside from investigating the scope of this Schmidt-type reaction, mechanistic details of this transformation are provided by performing systematic theoretical calculations.
Visual, spectral, and microchemical quantification of crystalline anomalies in otoliths of wild and cultured delta smelt
Authors: Lewis Levi S. , Huang Jonathan L. , Willmes Malte , Fichman Rachel A. , Hung Tien-Chieh , Ellison Luke T. , Stevenson Troy A. , Teh Swee J. , Hammock Bruce G. , Schultz Andrew A. , Grimsich John L. , Huyskens Magdalena H. , Yin Qing-Zhu , Cavole Leticia M. , Botto Nicholas W. , Hobbs James A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDevelopmental abnormalities in otoliths can impact growth and survival in teleost fishes. Here, we quantified the frequency and severity of developmental anomalies in otoliths of delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a critically endangered estuarine fish that is endemic to the San Francisco Estuary. Left–right asymmetry and anomalous crystalline polymorphs (i.e., vaterite) were quantified and compared between wild and cultured populations using digital image analysis. Visual estimates of vaterite were validated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, laser ablation ICPMS, and electron probe microanalysis. Results indicated that cultured delta smelt were 80 times more likely to contain a vateritic otolith and 18 times more likely to contain relatively large (≥ 15%) amounts of vaterite. Similarly, cultured fish exhibited 30% greater asymmetry than wild fish. These results indicate that cultured delta smelt exhibit a significantly higher frequency of vestibular abnormalities which are known to reduce fitness and survival. Such hatchery effects on otolith development could have important implications for captive culture practices and the supplementation of wild fish populations with cultured individuals.
Simultaneous bioremediation of Disperse orange-2RL Azo dye and fatty acids production by Scenedesmus obliquus cultured under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions
Authors: Hamouda Ragaa A. , El‑Naggar Noura El‑Ahmady , Abou-El-Souod Ghada W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral types of green photosynthetic microalgae can grow through the process of heterotrophic growth in the dark with the help of a carbon source instead of the usual light energy. Heterotrophic growth overcomes important limitations in the production of valuable products from microalgae, such as the reliance on light, which complicates the process, raises costs, and lowers the yield of potentially useful products. The present study was conducted to explore the potential growth of green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions utilizing Disperse orange 2RL Azo dye as a carbon source to produce a high lipid content and the maximum dye removal percentage. After 7 days of algal growth with dye under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions with varying pH levels (5, 7, 9, and 11), KNO3 concentrations (1, 1.5, 2, and 3 g/L), and dye concentrations (20, 40, and 60 ppm); dye removal percentage, algal dry weight, and lipid content were determined. The results showed that the highest decolorization of Disperse orange 2RL Azo dye (98.14%) was attained by S. obliquus in heterotrophic medium supplemented with glucose at the optimal pH 11 when the nitrogen concentration was 1 g/L and the dye concentration was 20 ppm. FT-IR spectroscopy of the dye revealed differences in peaks position and intensity before and after algal treatment. S. obliquus has a high concentration of oleic acid, which is enhanced when it is grown with Disperse orange 2RL Azo dye, making it ideal for production of high-quality biodiesel. In general, and in the vast majority of instances, heterotrophic cultivation is substantially less expensive, easier to set up, and requires less maintenance than mixotrophic cultivation. Heterotrophic cultivation allows for large-scale applications such as separate or mixed wastewater treatment along with biofuel production.