bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hotspots for social and ecological impacts from freshwater stress and storage loss
Authors: Huggins Xander , Gleeson Tom , Kummu Matti , Zipper Samuel C. , Wada Yoshihide , Troy Tara J. , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHumans and ecosystems are deeply connected to, and through, the hydrological cycle. However, impacts of hydrological change on social and ecological systems are infrequently evaluated together at the global scale. Here, we focus on the potential for social and ecological impacts from freshwater stress and storage loss. We find basins with existing freshwater stress are drying (losing storage) disproportionately, exacerbating the challenges facing the water stressed versus non-stressed basins of the world. We map the global gradient in social-ecological vulnerability to freshwater stress and storage loss and identify hotspot basins for prioritization (n = 168). These most-vulnerable basins encompass over 1.5 billion people, 17% of global food crop production, 13% of global gross domestic product, and hundreds of significant wetlands. There are thus substantial social and ecological benefits to reducing vulnerability in hotspot basins, which can be achieved through hydro-diplomacy, social adaptive capacity building, and integrated water resources management practices.
Interplay between an ATP-binding cassette F protein and the ribosome from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Cui Zhicheng , Li Xiaojun , Shin Joonyoung , Gamper Howard , Hou Ya-Ming , Sacchettini James C. , Zhang Junjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEttA, energy-dependent translational throttle A, is a ribosomal factor that gates ribosome entry into the translation elongation cycle. A detailed understanding of its mechanism of action is limited due to the lack of high-resolution structures along its ATPase cycle. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of EttA fromMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), referred to as MtbEttA, in complex with theMtb70S ribosome initiation complex (70SIC) at the pre-hydrolysis (ADPNP) and transition (ADP-VO4) states, and the crystal structure of MtbEttA alone in the post-hydrolysis (ADP) state. We observe that MtbEttA binds the E-site of theMtb70SIC, remodeling the P-site tRNA and the ribosomal intersubunit bridge B7a during the ribosomal ratcheting. In return, the rotation of the 30S causes conformational changes in MtbEttA, forcing the two nucleotide-binding sites (NBSs) to alternate to engage each ADPNP in the pre-hydrolysis states, followed by complete engagements of both ADP-VO4molecules in the ATP-hydrolysis transition states. In the post-hydrolysis state, the conserved ATP-hydrolysis motifs of MtbEttA dissociate from both ADP molecules, leaving two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) in an open conformation. These structures reveal a dynamic interplay between MtbEttA and theMtbribosome, providing insights into the mechanism of translational regulation by EttA-like proteins.
Multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination involving C(sp2)–H and benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds
Authors: Lai Zhencheng , Wu Rongkai , Li Jiaming , Chen Xing , Zeng Linwei , Wang Xi , Guo Jingjing , Zhao Zujin , Sajiki Hironao , Cui Sunliang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlkylamines are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, materials and agrochemicals. The Mannich reaction is a well-known three-component reaction for preparing alkylamines and has been widely used in academic research and industry. However, the nucleophilic components in this process rely on C(sp2)−H and activated C(sp3)−H bonds while the unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds involved Mannich alkylamination is a long-standing challenge. Here, we report an unprecedented multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination for both C(sp2)−H and unactivated benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds. In this process, various 3-alkylbenzofurans, formaldehyde and alkylamine hydrochlorides assemble efficiently to furnish benzofuran-fused piperidines. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a distinctive pathway that a multiple Mannich reaction and retro-Mannich reaction of benzofuran and dehydrogenation of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds were key steps to constitute the alkylamination. This protocol furnishes a Mannich alkylamine synthesis from unusual C–H inputs to access benzofuran-fused piperidines with exceptional structural diversity, molecular complexity and drug-likeness. Therefore, this work opens a distinctive vision for the alkylamination of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds, and provides a powerful tool in diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and drug discovery.
Exploring how functional traits modulate species distributions along topographic gradients in Baxian Mountain, North China
Authors: Tang Lili , Morris William K. , Zhang Mei , Shi Fuchen , Vesk Peter A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe associations between functional traits and species distributions across environments have attracted increasing interest from ecologists and can enhance knowledge about how plants respond to the environments. Here, we applied a hierarchical generalized linear model to quantifying the role of functional traits in plant occurrence across topographic gradients. Functional trait data, including specific leaf area, maximum height, seed mass and stem wood density, together with elevation, aspect and slope, were used in the model. In our results, species responses to elevation and aspect were modulated by maximum height and seed mass. Generally, shorter tree species showed positive responses to incremental elevation, while this trend became negative as the maximum height exceeded 22 m. Most trees with heavy seeds (> 1 mg) preferred more southerly aspects where the soil was drier, and those light-seed trees were opposite. In this study, the roles of maximum height and seed mass in determining species distribution along elevation and aspect gradients were highlighted where plants are confronted with low-temperature and soil moisture deficit conditions. This work contributes to the understanding of how traits may be associated with species occurrence along mesoscale environmental gradients.
Individuals redistribution based on differential evolution for covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy
Authors: Chen Zhe , Liu Yuanxing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmong population-based metaheuristics, both Differential Evolution (DE) and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) perform outstanding for real parameter single objective optimization. Compared with DE, CMA-ES stagnates much earlier in many occasions. In this paper, we propose CMA-ES with individuals redistribution based on DE, IR-CMA-ES, to address stagnation in CMA-ES. We execute experiments based on two benchmark test suites to compare our algorithm with nine peers. Experimental results show that our IR-CMA-ES is competitive in the field of real parameter single objective optimization.
Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of incarcerated people regarding COVID-19 and related vaccination: a survey in Italy
Authors: Di Giuseppe Gabriella , Pelullo Concetta P. , Lanzano Raffaele , Napolitano Francesco , Pavia Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices toward COVID-19 disease of incarcerated people. A total of 685 subjects were surveyed. 94% were aware that respiratory droplets are involved in the transmission of COVID-19, and 77.2% that patients with chronic conditions are at risk of a more severe disease. Overall, 92.7% of respondents considered COVID-19 a more severe disease compared to influenza, and 85.4% believed that COVID-19 could cause serious consequences in their institution. Only 22.6% were self-confident about their ability to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This attitude was significantly higher in those who were involved in working activities in the institution, who did not report at least one common symptom compatible with COVID-19 in the previous 3 months, who did not show generalized anxiety symptoms, and did not need additional information. 63.9% of incarcerated people expressed willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Older subjects, who knew that a COVID-19 vaccination is available, believed that COVID-19 is more serious than influenza, and were self-confident about their ability to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 infection, were significantly more willing to undergo COVID-19 vaccination. Public health response to COVID-19 in prisons should address vaccine hesitancy to increase vaccine confidence among incarcerated people.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to the decline in doublecortin expression in the immature neurons of mice with long-term obesity
Authors: Nakagawa Kiyomi , Islam Saiful , Ueda Masashi , Nakagawa Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent function. The number of doublecortin (Dcx)-positive immature neurons in the dentate gyrus decreases over time, especially in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is further reduced in later stages of AD. Obesity in midlife is associated with dementia later in life; however, the underlying mechanisms by which obesity results in the development of dementia later in life remain unknown. Here, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was activated in the hippocampus and processes of Dcx-expressing immature neurons were shortened, coexpressing CHOP in APP23 AD model mice with high-fat diet-induced long-term obesity and in aged Leprdb/db (db/db) mice. Moreover, in cells differentiating from hippocampal neurospheres, Dcx mRNA was rapidly degraded via a microRNA (miRNA) pathway after thapsigargin treatment in vitro. These results indicate that loss of Dcx mRNA induced by ER stress during AHN may cause memory impairment in obese individuals later in life.
Robust face recognition for occluded real‐world images using constrained probabilistic sparse network
Authors: Ma Xiang , Ma Qinqin , Ma Qian , Han Xiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAiming at the occluded real‐world face images across illumination, pose, expression, and resolution variations, a robust face recognition for occluded real‐world images using constrained probabilistic sparse network is presented. A constrained probabilistic sparse representation network is constructed to obtain the features of all the training images from a global perspective, and the new network nodes are generated through the random combination of the training images. In the probabilistic sparse representation network, the probabilities of each class of the sparse subspace that the occluded test images individually belong to are defined and calculated. The final classifications of the test images are determined by the joint maximum probability of the network nodes. Meanwhile the second‐order gradient constraint is the first introduced in the probabilistic sparse representation network. It is found that the constraint uses the adjacent pixels of the face images to obtain the local texture similarity, and further use the local texture similarity to distinguish the occlusion and non‐occlusion parts. Thus the constraint can reduce the influence of the occlusion part on face recognition. Extensive experiments with the 12 existing methods on the five face databases demonstrate that the recognition rate of the proposed method is the best than the non‐deep learning methods compared, and the proposed method can obtain nearly the same recognition rate with an advantage of a very less time consumption compared to the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning methods.
Analysis and design of a wide range ZVS/ZCS push–pull DC/DC converter with voltage clamped
Authors: Xiao Hui , Wu Qunfang , Xi Heng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new isolated zero‐voltage switching (ZVS)/zero‐current switching (ZCS) push–pull (PP) DC/DC converter is presented. One auxiliary switch S3 and a clamping capacitor Cc are introduced at the primary of the conventional push–pull converter and a voltage doubler‐rectifier is adopted on the secondary side. This proposed converter has the features: (1) Switching losses are reduced significantly owing to zero‐voltage switching of primary switches and zero‐current switching of secondary diodes over a wide load range variation. (2) The voltage spike across all of the power devices can be clamped that enable the use of low‐voltage, low‐performance, and lower‐cost devices. (3) The energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance is used for the soft‐switching action and no additional resonant inductor is required. (4) A voltage doubler‐rectifier is employed to remove the problem of the diode reverse‐recovery effect and reduce the duty cycle loss that provides a much higher voltage conversion ratio. These merits make this simple converter provide an attractive solution for a distributed power system, uninterruptible power system, or battery charge/discharge system. The detailed operation, analysis, design, comparative study, and experimental results for the proposed converter are presented and a 600 W prototype was developed to verify the discussed theoretical analysis.
Data‐driven generation of synthetic wind speeds: A comparative study
Authors: D'Ambrosio Daniele , Schoukens Johan , De Troyer Tim , Zivanovic Miroslav , Runacres Mark Charles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing sophistication of wind turbine design and control generates a need for high‐quality wind data. The relatively limited set of available measured wind data may be extended with computer generated data, for example, to make reliable statistical studies of energy production and mechanical loads. Here, a data‐driven model for the generation of surrogate wind speeds is compared with two state‐of‐the‐art time series models that can capture the probability distribution and the autocorrelation of the target wind data. The proposed model, based on the phase‐randomised Fourier transform, can generate wind speed time series that possess the power spectral density of the target data and converge to their generally non‐Gaussian probability distribution with an arbitrary, user‐defined precision. The model performance is benchmarked in terms of probability distribution, power spectral density, autocorrelation, and nonstationarities such as the diurnal and seasonal variations of the target data. Comparisons show that the proposed model can outperform the selected models in reproducing the statistical descriptors of the input datasets and is able to capture the nonstationary diurnal and seasonal variations of the wind speed.
High-resolution observations with ARTEMIS/JLS and the NRH
Authors: Armatas S. , Bouratzis C. , Hillaris A. , Alissandrakis C. E. , Preka-Papadema P. , Kontogeorgos A. , Tsitsipis P. , Moussas X. 
Published: January 2022

Context.Narrowband bursts (spikes) are very small duration and bandwidth bursts which appear on dynamic spectra from microwave to decametric frequencies. They are believed to be manifestations of small-scale energy release through magnetic reconnection.Aims.We study the position of the spike-like structures relative to the front of type-II bursts and their role in the burst emission.Methods.We used high-sensitivity, low-noise dynamic spectra obtained with the acousto-optic analyzer (SAO) of the ARTEMIS-JLS solar radiospectrograph, in conjunction with high-time-resolution images from the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH) in order to study spike-like bursts near the front of a type-II radio burst recorded at the west limb during the November 3, 2003 extreme solar event. The spike-like emission in the dynamic spectrum was enhanced by means of high-pass-time filtering.Results.We identified a number of spikes in the NRH images. Due to the lower temporal resolution of the NRH, multiple spikes detected in the dynamic spectrum appeared as single structures in the images. These spikes had an average size of ≈200″ and their observed brightness temperature was 1.4 to 5.6 × 109K, providing a significant contribution to the emission of the type-II burst front. At variance with a previous study on the type-IV associated spikes, we found no systematic displacement between the spike emission and the emission between spikes. At 327.0 MHz, the type II emission was located about 0.3R⊙above the pre-existing continuum emission, which, in turn, was located 0.1R⊙above the western limb.Conclusions.This study, combined with our previous results, indicates that the spike-like chains aligned along the type II burst MHD shock front are not a perturbation of the type II emission, as in the case of type IV spikes, but a manifestation of the type II emission itself. The preponderance of these chains, together with the lack of isolated structures or irregular clusters, points towards some form of small-scale magnetic reconnection, organized along the type-II propagating front.
Radiographic Ischial Enthesopathy in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Bitik Berivan , Dalgic Gunay Sahin , Kanbur Aysenur Yalcintas , Ok Mehtap Akcil , Yucel Ahmet Eftal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground To investigate the prevalence of radiographic ischial entheseal lesions in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Patients and Methods Thirty-eight patients with PsA and 46 patients with RA were included. Anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis and lateral foot were evaluated for entheseal lesions. The following entheseal sites were reviewed: os ischium, bilateral Achilles tendon and inferior calcaneus. Abnormalities such as cortical erosions and enthesophytes (irregular bony proliferation) were recorded.Results The frequency of enthesopathic changes in the ischial region was found to be statistically significantly higher in PsA patients compared with RA patients (50 and 28.3%, respectively, p=0.04). Enthesopathic changes of the calcaneus and Achilles tendon also occurred more frequently in PsA patients than in RA patients.Conclusion Radiographic entheseal lesions in the ischial region are more prevalent in PsA patients compared with RA patients with symptoms in that region. Furthermore, such enthesopathic changes in the ischium are observed as frequently as changes in the Achilles tendon. These findings regarding structural entheseal lesions in the pelvic region contribute to the knowledge of entheseal involvement in PsA.
Avaliação dos resultados a longo prazo da cirurgia de Oberlin na paralisia braquial obstétrica
Authors: Figueiredo Eduardo Araújo , Freitas Fernando Sellitti Chiabai de , Parente Neto Júlio Inácio , Abdouni Yussef Ali , Costa Antônio Carlos da 
Published: January 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a flexão do cotovelo em crianças portadoras de paralisia obstétrica do plexo braquial submetidas à transferência de Oberlin.
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com 11 pacientes acometidos por paralisia decorrente do trabalho de parto e que não apresentaram recuperação espontânea da flexão do cotovelo até os 12 meses de vida, operados entre 2010 e 2018.
Resultados As crianças foram operadas entre os 5 e 12 meses de vida, com média de 7,9 meses e o tempo médio de seguimento foi de 133,2 meses, variando de 37 a 238 meses. Seis pacientes (54,5%) apresentaram grau de força muscular ≥ 3, medido pela escala de força do Medical Research Council (MRC), e, pela escala de movimentação ativa (Active Momement Scale [AMS]), 5 pacientes obtiveram pontuação ≥ 5. Foi identificada correlação negativa entre a AMS e a classificação de Narakas (r = -0,509), bem como entre a MRC e a classificação de Narakas (r = -0,495). Já entre a AMS e a MRC, foi observada forte correlação positiva (r = 0,935), demonstrando que quanto maior a pontuação na escala de movimento, maior será a pontuação na escala de força muscular.
Conclusão A cirurgia de Oberlin apresenta-se como uma opção possível para a recuperação da flexão do cotovelo em crianças com plexopatia neonatal; no entanto, demonstra resultados bastante heterogêneos, mesmo no seguimento a longo prazo.
Reparo artroscópico da lesão de manguito rotador: Uma análise da função, força muscular e dor entre técnicas de fileira simples e fileira dupla
Authors: Storti Thiago Medeiros , Ribeiro Thiago da Silva , Faria Rafael Salomon Silva , Simionatto João Eduardo , Simionatto Carolina , Paniago Alexandre Firmino 
Published: January 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico do manguito rotador (MR), comparando-se os resultados funcionais, força muscular e dor obtidos após as técnicas de fileira simples (FS) e de fileira dupla (FD).
Métodos Foram coletados os dados do seguimento pós-operatório (mínimo de 12 meses) de 128 pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico do MR durante o período de 2011 a 2018. As variáveis clínico-funcionais foram coletadas por meio do exame clínico, e as variáveis demográficas, cirúrgicas e das lesões do MR a partir dos prontuários eletrônicos. Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos FS e FD.
Resultados O grupo FD demonstrou força de elevação anterior maior quando comparado ao grupo FS (FS: 4,72 ± 2,73 kg versus FD:5,90 ± 2,73 kg; p = 0,017). As demais variáveis de força muscular, Constant-Murley Score, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA, na sigla em inglês) e dor foram similares. Realizando-se a estratificação por tamanho, na análise das lesões pequenas e médias, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos. Porém, na análise das lesões grandes e extensas, os pacientes submetidos à FD apresentaram superioridade tanto na força muscular de elevação (FS: 3,98 ± 2,24 kg versus FD: 6,39 ± 2,73 kg) quanto no escore Constant (FS: 81 ± 10 versus FD: 88 ± 7).
Conclusão A utilização da técnica de FD no reparo artroscópico do MR possibilitou maiores níveis de força muscular para elevação anterior do ombro quando comparada à técnica de FS. A estratificação dos dados em lesões grandes e extensas evidenciou superioridade da força muscular de elevação anterior do ombro e do escore Constant nos pacientes submetidos à FD.