bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of the role of myofibroblasts in invasive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Gandhi Vaishali , Mahajan Anupama , Kansal Yash Pal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims:
To establish the role of myofibroblasts in invasive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods:
Four study groups were formed as follows: group 1 consisting of 30 cases of well-differentiated OSCC, group 2 consisting of 30 cases of moderately differentiated OSCC, group 3 consisting of 30 cases of poorly differentiated OSCC, and group 4 consisting of controls. Staining of all of the specimens was done using a-SMA antibody through immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedure. Multiplication product of staining intensity (A) and percentage of a-SMA-stained immuno-positive cells (B) gave a final staining index (FSI). According to FSI, score zero was graded as index zero; score one and two were graded as index low; score three and score were graded as index moderate; and score six, seven, eight and nine were graded as index high.

Results:
Mean FSI among specimens of groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 7.93, 8.47, 8.8, and 0, respectively. Non-significant results were obtained while comparing the mean final staining index among specimens of groups 1, 2 and 3. However; while comparing between groups 1 and 4, groups 2 and 4, and groups 3 and 4, significant results were obtained. While comparing the FSI among overall OSCC group (groups 1, 2 and 3) and controls (group 4), significant results were obtained.

Conclusion:
Myofibroblasts are an integral component of processes associated with the creation of a permissive environment for cancer invasion process in patients with OSCC.

Clinical Significance:
Myofibroblasts are associated with the creation of progressive and invasive processes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hence, they might be employed as a part of future target for therapeutics in cancer therapy.
Torsion of fallopian tube with gangrenous ovary and early pregnancy: A rare case report
Authors: Singh Komal , Aloke  , Mandal Sanchita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Torsion of the fallopian tube during early pregnancy is a very rare phenomenon. Most of them present with acute abdominal pain and are often misdiagnosed with a twisted ovarian cyst, ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis, etc. A 19-year-old female was referred to the medical department for pain abdomen, nausea, and vomiting. Her last menstrual period was 28 days back. The urine pregnancy test was negative. Ultrasonogram (USG) was suggestive of encapsulated exophytic hemorrhagic cyst in the right adnexa arising from the right ovary. A huge right-twisted fimbrial cyst with hemorrhagic contents (14 cm × 12 cm) along with a gangrenous right ovary was evident in emergency laparotomy. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. She was discharged with an uneventful postoperative recovery. She presented again after 2 months with postoperative amenorrhea, nausea, and vomiting. USG suggested 12 weeks of pregnancy, which continued until term. Eventually, a lower segment cesarean section was done for fetal distress. A twisted fallopian tube during pregnancy is a rare phenomenon. A high index of suspicion necessitates prompt diagnosis and prevention of future fertility and obstetric morbidity.
Breast cancer knowledge among health professionals: A pre–post-knowledge-based intervention study
Authors: Rehman Huma T. , Jawaid Hina , Tahir Aisha , Imtiaz Misha , Zulfiqar Tehzeeb , Aziz Tariq 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Breast-cancer-related morbidity and mortality can be reduced by following worldwide-accepted screening guidelines and by appropriate education and training of health professionals on risk identification and screening. The study aimed to determine the significance of educational sessions in improving health professionals’ knowledge about breast cancer, particularly screening modalities that can benefit the patients.

Method and Materials:
An interventional study was conducted among 260 health professionals, including medical students, nurses, and allied health professionals. The intervention was an educational session on breast cancer risks and screening guidelines. Health professionals’ knowledge about breast cancer risk, presentation, and screening were tested by a structured questionnaire before and after the educational session. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 26. Chi-square was used to identify differences in pre and post-test. P value was considered significant at <0.05.

Results:
There is a significant difference between pre-session and post-session responses in all areas of knowledge about breast cancer, with much improved outcomes after the educational session.

Conclusion:
Health professionals lack knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, screening tools, presentation, and management. Regular education sessions improve these knowledge gaps and help early detection and treatment of women at risk of breast cancer.
Blood donation intentions and predictors among Hosanna town dwellers, south nation nationality peoples region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mecha Aregash , Erchafo Belay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Blood is a vital concern to society. It contributes to saving millions of lives each year in both regular and emergency situations. Globally, there is a continual need to maintain a safe and sufficient supply of blood and blood yields. Patients who are in need of blood transfusion as part of their medical management have the right to wait for safe and sufficient blood. However, globally, many patients still suffer unnecessarily and die because of a deficiency in safe blood transfusion.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the intention and factors influencing the donation of blood voluntarily among hosanna town dwellers.

Methods:
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 677 adult dwellers of age 18–60 years old that were selected by multi-stage sampling in hosanna town Hadiya Zone, SNNPR Ethiopia, December 2016.

Result:
In this study, 204 (30.1%) of the total participants had ever donated blood. But only 236 (34.9) had the intention to donate blood in the future, which is much less. Age, income, educational status, attitude, and knowledge of participants showed statistically significant association with blood donation intention. As a unit increase by a comprehensive knowledge of the participants, blood donation intention increases by 1.46 (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI: (1.24–1.72)) and people with a favorable attitude towards blood donation had 6.36 times (AOR = 6.36, 95% CI: (3.30–17.24)) more likely intended to donate blood than those who had unfavorable attitude. People who had no formal education have intended 84% less likely when compared with those who had completed primary school only (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: (0.04–0.64)). Similarly, people who were in the first, least, tertiary income category had blood donation intention 82% (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: (0.06–0.58)) less likely when compared with people in the highest group.

Conclusion and Recommendation:
As only 30.1% and 34.9 had ever donated blood and intended to donate blood, respectively, which is very low. Lack of awareness and periodic sensitizations were major reasons. Thus, it would be better if the Hadiya zone health department, hosanna town health office, and blood bank hosanna branch take the initiative to increase awareness on voluntary blood donation in the community through different strategies and periodic sensitizations.
Pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women infected with COVID-19 with and without underlying disease: A case-control study
Authors: Rostami Amirabbas , Birang Nafise 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Emerging infections have many effects on the health of pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Given the importance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during pregnancy, this study aims to evaluate the pregnancy and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 by using previous studies. To conduct this study, all studies related to the subject under discussion during the years 2000–2021 were checked out by systematic search in internationally available databases, including Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Finally, 21 closely related studies were selected to investigate the main objective. The results showed that common symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women included fever, cough, and muscle aches. The most common laboratory results included decreased blood lymphocytes and increased blood CRP. Consequences of pregnancy and childbirth in pregnant women included increased preterm delivery and increased cesarean section. Based on the results of the reviewed study, it can be concluded that newborns of mothers with COVID-19 were negative for COVID-19. However, the most common outcome for infants born to mothers with COVID-19 was low birth weight. Clinical signs, laboratory results, and radiographic criteria in pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those in non-infected adults. However, it is recommended that precautions be taken to prevent transmission of the virus, as well as preventive health instructions, particularly masking.
Vaccine hesitancy towards COVID vaccine among unvaccinated frontline health care workers working in a designated COVID care center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shankar Sindhu S , Suresh Anandu , Satyanarayana Pradeep T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Frontline health care workers (FLHCW) like doctors and nurses are bound to treat COVID patients being themselves not immune to disease are at a greater risk of COVID infection than the general population. The study was started with objectives to find out the vaccine hesitancy towards the COVID vaccine and to find out the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among FLHCW working in a designated COVID care center.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a cross-sectional study carried out for a period of 6 months from Jan 2021 to June 2021 at a designated COVID care center. FLHCWs who were part of treating COVID patients were our study participants. Among them, FLHCWs who had not received even one dose of COVID vaccine (Covishield) were included in the study. FLHCWs who had been part of the COVID vaccine trial were excluded from the study. The sample size calculated based on a previous study found to be 240. The data collected were entered into a Microsoft office excel sheet, analyzed using SPSS v 22(IBM Corp). Descriptive statistics were applied, and parametric tests were used to compare among the groups with statistically significant P value lesser than 0.05

Results:
A total of 121 (52.6%) of FLHCWs were aged more than 30 years, 118 (51.5%) were male participants, 100 (43.5%) were paramedics by occupation, 51 (22.1%) had contracted COVID infection, 202 (87.8%) had received information, education, and communication (IEC) regarding COVID vaccine. FLHCWs more than 30 years, male participants, currently not working in COVIDward, FLHCWs who had not received IEC about COVIDvaccination and paramedics had higher scores of Vaccine hesitancy, and the difference was statistically significant indicating vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion:
Vaccine hesitancy remains a persistent global threat. Awareness campaigns can be tailored to specific locales to address identified concerns regarding vaccines.
Melasma-like actinic lichen planus in a middle-aged Saudi male
Authors: Alhajri Abdulmohsen , AlNazer Najat A. , Aldawsari Saleha A. , Al Ameer Mohammed A. , Alsahaf Hassan Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Actinic lichen planus (LP) is a rare variant of the common papulosquamous disease LP. It occurs mainly on sun-exposed parts of the body and has a high incidence during spring and summer. We report a case of melasma-like presentation of actinic LP in a 52-year-old Saudi man not known to have any comorbidities, who presented with asymptomatic, hyperpigmented patches on the face.
Nutritional assessment in hospitalized elderly patients, its sociodemographic determinants and co-relation with activities of daily life
Authors: Mukundan Megha , Dhar Minakshi , Saxena Vartika , Panda Prasan K. , Bhat Nowneet K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Present study was planned to identify various sociodemographic factors influencing nutritional status in elderly and impact of nutritional status on activities of daily living in them.

Methods:
Total of 177 patients were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Nutritional status was assessed at the time of discharge by using Mini Nutritional Assessment form (MNA). Kartz Activity of Daily Living was assessed at 3 months before admission, at the time of admission, at discharge and 3 months after discharge. After written informed consent and ethics clearance patients were enrolled in the study. Analysis was done using the SPSS version 23 and Chi Square test was used to find the association between different qualitative variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Mean age of the study participants was 68.64 ± 7.73 years. 40 patients (22.6%) were found to be malnourished. Higher age, living alone, high CCI score and low ADL at discharge were associated with malnutrition. Mean ADL score was 5.82 at - 3 months time point in well-nourished patients which decreased during admission and then increased to 4.94 at the 3 months after discharge. Mean ADL score was of 5.33 at -3 months time point which kept on decreasing during admission and at 3 months after discharge in malnourished group. All these changes were statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Nutritional status is a modifiable risk factor in elderly so identifying and optimizing nutritional status of elderly will optimise their functional status and improve quality of life.
Protocol for developing telephone-based brief psychosocial intervention for COVID-19 patients in India
Authors: Shetty Kannappa V. , Sharma Upasana , Kalyanasundaram Madhanraj , Kumar Sanjeev , Bamney Urmila 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a huge mental health impact on people, especially the infected population. They are at greater risk of developing psychological symptoms due to the fear of death and developing severe disability, lack of proper treatment and social restrictions, stigma, and discrimination. The early psychological symptoms, if ignored, may have long-term consequences on the health and well-being of COVID patients. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health services have been impacted negatively, and the need for technology-based psychological interventions has been identified as an alternative treatment method. Hence, the Telephone-Based Brief Psycho-Social interventions (TBPSI) will be developed for COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Method:
A five-session tele psychosocial intervention including rapport establishment and assessment, supportive counselling, activity scheduling, relaxation technique, and post-assessment will be developed based on the extensive review of the literature. Face and content validation of the intervention package will be done by the mental health experts. Further, the feasibility of the intervention program will be tested on COVID-19 patients in the Dharwad district, and later, the same will be implemented across the COVID hospitals of Karnataka state.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The study results may bring new insights into the culturally sensitive technology-oriented interventions during this pandemic in the country. The paradigm may be shifted from routine treatment to cost-effective and time-based intervention in the public health system in India. The telephonic brief psychosocial interventions can be utilised as a mainstream treatment during non-emergency situations as well.
Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) and tobacco use among women of reproductive age group in India: A secondary data analysis from NFHS-4
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Joshi Nishigandha , Nazar Gaurang P. , Arora Monika , Malhotra Sumit , Bhatt Garima , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Tobacco use in any form is known to exert several perinatal complications. Through this study, the authors aimed to study the association between tobacco use and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) among women (aged 15–49 years) in India.

Methodology:
We used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–2016) to study the association between tobacco use and HDP among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in India. Since the NFHS follows a complex multi-level sampling, sampling weights were used to study the univariate and multivariate associations between the independent and dependent variables. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) are reported along with 95% Confidence Intervals.

Results:
A sample of 1,07730 women was included in the analysis. HDP was more likely to be experienced by smokeless and smoking tobacco users (AOR 1.3, 95% CI (1.0-1.6) and AOR 2.7, 95% CI (2.0-3.7), respectively). Women with secondary (AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.7-0.8)) and higher education (AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.6-0.8)) were less likely to suffer from HDP as compared to those with no education. Women with daily (AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.5-0.8)), weekly (AOR 0.8, 95% CI (0.6-0.9)) or occasional AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.6-0.9)) consumption of fruits were less likely to experience HDP as compared to women with no fruit intake.

Conclusion:
Healthy diet and lifestyle factors can contribute to reduce the risk of HDP across women. The antenatal check-ups in India should also comprehensively focus on screening and counseling of women against tobacco use.
Tobacco smoking and blood pressure: How are they related among the Indians? – A secondary analysis of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data
Authors: Pathak Barsha Gadapani , Rahini S , Manapurath Rukman M. , Sharath BN , Gupta Rakesh , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
India, the second leading producer of tobacco, puts the population at a higher chance of tobacco consumption contributing to a significant disease burden. Though tobacco smoking is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension and has been on the rise among the population, studies on the relationship of tobacco with hypertension are limited in India.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the population-level risk of tobacco (smoke) use and elevated blood pressure (BP) among Indians and also assess the association of risk of tobacco smoking with hypertension based on the place of residence.

Materials and Methods:
Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 was utilized. The prevalence of hypertension and its magnitude of association with smoking factors was found using univariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to predict the association of smoking products with elevated BP by adjusting the model for sociodemographic factors, illness, physical characteristics, and state-wise data.

Results:
The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 16.56% (confidence interval [CI]: 16.34–16.78) in males and 11.20% (CI: 11.12–11.27) in females. Among those who smoked tobacco, 15.3% women and 22.4% men were hypertensive. This study highlights the significant association of smoking of various tobacco products with hypertension in both men and women on univariate analysis. But the adjusted mean elevated BP among the tobacco-using males and females was not significantly associated with smoking cigarettes, pipe, cigars, and hookah.

Conclusion:
Cigarette smoking is a modifiable factor for the development and progression of hypertension. Adequate preventive and promotive health measures targeting the young, rural inhabitants and the poorer sections of society may help in reducing tobacco consumption.
Diet and lifestyle risk factors associated with young adult hypertensives in India – Analysis of National Family Health Survey IV
Authors: Manapurath Rukman Mecca , Anto Rosna Mary , Pathak Barsha , Malhotra Sumit , Khanna Poonam , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Young adults with hypertension have a higher lifetime risk of cardiovascular diseases. Global evidence suggests a significant role of diet and lifestyle risk factors on hypertension among the young adult (aged 18–39 years) hypertensive population.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to look for the association of diet and lifestyle risk factors with young adult hypertensives.

Results:
This study reports the prevalence of young adult hypertension based on a national representative sample based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data and the association of behavioral risk factors with young adult hypertension. The survey adopted a two-stage stratified random sampling. The outcome variable was hypertension, whereas the exposure variables were various diet and lifestyle factors. The prevalence of young adult hypertension in India was 12.4% among men and 8.2% among women. Sikkim had the highest prevalence among both sexes. Lower prevalence was seen in the states of Delhi and Kerala. Marital status, body mass index, eating meat, alcohol intake, and taking coffee or tobacco 30 min before BP measurement were found to be associated factors that put both the sexes at risk of developing hypertension. The wealth index was concluded as a risk factor only in men while the level of education came out to be a risk factor only in females.

Conclusion:
This study is the first from India which gives a recent estimate of prevalence of young adult hypertension by state and individual level characteristics in addition to national level estimates for India.
Seroepidemiological study of human brucellosis in the Northeast region of Meghalaya, India
Authors: Shukla Jayshree L. , Husain Aliabbas A. , Lyngdoh Samantha A. , Nonglang Flavius P. , Sahai Nitin , Gogoi Manasjit , Singh Lokendra R. , Bhan Surya , Kashyap Rajpal S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of major public health concern. In India, the incidence of brucellosis remains vastly underreported due to its non-specific clinical presentation and sub-optimal sensitivity of existing gold standard tests. Studies in Northeast India have shown high incidences of brucellosis in livestock, but the region lacks data on human brucellosis despite its high associated risk. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and its associated risk factors in Meghalaya, Northeast India.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted in East Khasi Hills and Ri.Bhoi districts of Meghalaya, from July 2018 to July 2020. A total of 1046 suspected patients with febrile illness along with associated risk factors were recruited through camps and various diagnostic laboratories in the defined region as per the pre.specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline, demographics, and clinical characteristics were recorded of all the consenting participants. Blood samples were analyzed for brucellosis-specific IgM antibodies through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results and discussion:
The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 11.37% in Meghalaya. Among recruited participants, females were found to be more susceptible than males. Risk factors such as consumption of meat were found to be more significantly associated with brucellosis disease in the study region. Among the clinical presentations, pyrexia of unknown origin, myalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome were found to be significantly associated with brucellosis disease in IgM.positive cases.

Conclusion:
Our result suggests further epidemiological investigations for human brucellosis in Northeast India toward improved advocacy for accurate diagnosis, and development of proper response mechanism in areas of high endemicity.