bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effectiveness and health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions across sectors: a protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Belesova Kristine , Green Rosemary , Clercq-Roques Romain , Falconer Jane , Waddington Hugh Sharma , Whitmee Sarah , Reynolds Tamzin , Hassan Syreen , Haines Andy 
Published: August 2022

Background: Effective and rapid actions are required to achieve global goals for climate change mitigation, and there is an opportunity to ensure that the actions taken are also positive for human health. However, little is known about the relative magnitude of the health co-benefits that can be achieved from mitigation actions, so robust and comprehensive syntheses of the evidence on the nature and effects of relevant actions are required. This paper presents a protocol for an interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral umbrella review of systematic reviews, synthesising modelled and empirical evidence on such actions. Methods: Nine bibliographic databases will be searched, capturing literature across a wide range of disciplines and sectors. Unique records retrieved by the searches will be screened by two independent reviewers. The quality of all the included systematic reviews will be assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 critical appraisal tool. Data will be extracted on methodological and thematic characteristics of the reviews, nature of the actions, and their effects on greenhouse gas emission reduction, health, and its determinants, as well as any other reported effects and interactions across different actions. Results: Narrative and quantitative synthesis methods will be used to create a typology of relevant actions, map pathways to their impacts on health, compare the magnitude of health and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction impacts by selected characteristics of the actions and the nature of the evidence, as well as to identify gaps in evidence syntheses. Conclusion: This review will identify the most effective actions for global climate change mitigation and health based on the best available scientific evidence. This protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, Reg No.: CRD42021239292.
Protocol: the complexity of informal caregiving for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in rural South Africa
Authors: Manderson Lenore , Brear Michelle , Rusere Farirai , Farrell Meagan , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Berkman Lisa , Kahn Kathleen , Harling Guy 
Published: August 2022

Background: With aging, many people develop Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) as well as chronic physical health problems. The consequent care needs can be complicated, with heavy demands on families, households and communities, especially in resource-constrained settings with limited formal care services. However, research on ADRD caregiving is largely limited to primary caregivers and high-income countries. Our objectives are to analyse in a rural setting in South Africa: (1) how extended households provide care to people with ADRD; and (2) how the health and wellbeing of all caregivers are affected by care roles. Methods: The study will take place at the Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system site of the MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit in Mpumalanga Province, northeast South Africa. We will recruit 100 index individuals predicted to currently have ADRD or cognitive impairment using data from a recent dementia survey. Quantitative surveys will be conducted with each index person’s nominated primary caregiver, all other household members aged over 12, and caregiving non-resident kin and non-kin to determine how care and health are patterned across household networks. Qualitative data will be generated through participant observation and in-depth interviews with caregivers, select community health workers and key informants. Combining epidemiological, demographic and anthropological methods, we will build a rich picture of households of people with ADRD, focused on caregiving demands and capacity, and of caregiving’s effects on health. Discussion: Our goal is to identify ways to mitigate the negative impacts of long-term informal caregiving for ADRD when formal supports are largely absent. We expect our findings to inform the development of locally relevant and community-oriented interventions to improve the health of caregivers and recipients, with implications for other resource-constrained settings in both higher- and lower-income countries.
Alcohol use and depression - literature review
Authors: Płaczek Alicja , Białas Filip , Baciur Patrycja , Skowrońska Katarzyna , Chmura Anna 
Published: August 2022

Alcohol consumption has serious health and social consequences. A coexistence of alcohol use disorders and depressive disorders is common. Alcohol abuse is more common in men, but women are at greater risk of its harmful effects. Alcohol consumption in adolescence and early adulthood is associated with a higher risk of developing depressive disorders in the future. The order in which these disorders appear may vary, but it is important to make a diagnosis of depression during the period of abstinence. Drinking alcohol can be seen as a form of coping with stress and anxiety disorders. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the relationship between depression and alcohol.
Alcohol changes your neural pathways. Long and intense exposure may cause irreversible changes. The stress response pathways responsible for emotions and the reward system are the most sensitive. They deregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Coexistence of alcohol use disorders and depressive disorders is treated primarily with antidepressants. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to have a modest positive effect in relieving symptoms of depression and reducing the amount of alcohol consumed.
The complement system and its role in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Rybak Natalia , Dudek Iga , Czarnota Jakub , Dobrzyński Michał , Skubel Tomasz , Drozd Małgorzata 
Published: August 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of the complement system in a therapy of the ANCA- associated vasculitis.

Methods and materials: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed MEADLINE database of medical publications using the following keywords: the complement system, AVV, C5a inhibitor, avacopan

Results: The complement system is a crucial part of the human immune system. Its cascade is involved in the pathogenesis of many disease entities, especially those with an inflammatory response. As anaphylatoxin, this is especially true of the C5a protein. C5a receptors are distributed mainly on tissue inflammatory cells, e.g. macrophages, mast cells, and endothelial cells. Therefore a C5a receptor inhibitor may reduce the inflammatory response of the body. This mechanism is used by the Avacopan, a newly approved drug for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis as the main indication. Tavneos (avacopan) was only introduced in the UE in January 2022, as the first new drug to treat AVV in over a decade.

Conclusion: The C5a receptor inhibitor – Avacopan might be the future of a glucocorticoids-free or glucocorticoids – low dose therapy of ANCA-associated vasculitis. As the ADVOCATE clinical trial shows, Avacopan was neither superior, nor inferior to prednisone tamper with respect to sustained remission at 26 weeks, but proved to be superior with sustaining remission at 52 weeks. All the patients received rituximab or cyclophosphamide as a form of therapy.

Keywords: the complement system; C5a receptor inhibitor, AVV; Avacopan
Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity
Authors: Oleszczuk Rafał , Kozińska Iga , Gras-Ozimek Jordi , Kozińska Urszula , Oleszczuk Anna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose
Due to the growing tendency to diagnose obesity in patients, scientists are trying to find drugs that facilitate weight reduction.
An example of such a formulation is the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide. The following article is an analysis of the current knowledge on the effectiveness and safety of obesity treatment with semaglutide based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases.
State of knowledge
The main mechanism of semaglutide is based on a stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, and inhibition of glucagon from alpha cells, inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and reduction of energy consumption with minimal impact on energy expenditure. In clinical trials, it showed the best results compared to placebo and other drugs used in weight reduction. Participants treated with semaglutide achieved a reduction in waist circumference, improvements in blood pressure parameters, HbA1c levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and CRP protein, and increased HDL cholesterol levels. Semaglutide is well tolerated by patients, and its main side effects come from the gastrointestinal tract, including nausea, emesis, diarrhea.
Summary
The analysis of the latest publications and meta-analyzes of the literature shows that the use of semaglutide is safe and effective in the treatment of obesity. The positive effect of semaglutide on weight reduction also contributes to the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular events and other obesity-related complications. It is also well tolerated by patients, which translates into possible longer use, and weekly subcutaneous injections are not burdensome for patients.
Key words: semaglutide; obesity; GLP-1 analogue; overweight
Longitudinal physiological remoulding of lower limb skin as a cause of diabetic foot ulcer: a histopathological examination
Authors: Imamura Yoshinobu , Suzuki Keiji , Saijo Hiroto , Tanaka Katsumi 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is recognised as a severe complication in patients with type 2 diabetes. With the increasing incidence of diabetes, it represents a major medical challenge. Several models have been proposed to explain its aetiology; however, they have never been assessed by longitudinal histopathological examination, which this study aims to address. Method: Multiplex-immunofluorescence analysis was carried out with lengthwise serial skin specimens obtained from the medial thigh, lower leg, ankle, dorsum of foot and acrotarsium close to the DFU region of a patient with type 2 diabetes receiving above the knee amputation. Results: Proximal-to-distal gradual loss of peripheral nerve was demonstrated, accompanied by compromised capillaries in the superficial papillary plexus and distended CD31-positive capillaries in the dorsum of foot. Neural fibres and capillaries were also significantly compromised in the sweat gland acinus in the ankle and dorsum of foot. Injuries in the superficial papillary plexus, sweat gland acinus, and sweat gland-associated adipose tissues were accompanied by significant infiltration of macrophages. These results indicated that longitudinal impairment of local blood circulation could be the cause of peripheral neuropathy, which initiated ulcer formation. Resultant chronic inflammation, involving sweat gland-associated adipose tissue, gave rise to impairment of wound healing, and thus DFU formation. Conclusion: Longitudinal histopathological examination demonstrated that impairment of local microvascular circulation (rather than the systemic complication caused by type 2 diabetes) was considered the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy, which initiated ulceration. Together with chronic inflammation in the superficial papillary plexus and sweat gland-associated adipose tissue, it resulted in the development of a DFU. Although this is a study of just one individual's limb, our study provided a unique observation, contributing mechanistic insights into developing novel intervening strategies to prevent and treat DFUs.
AS CONDIÇÕES DO TELETRABALHO FRENTE À CRISE DO COVID-19: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS.
Authors: Da Silva Wanessa Galindo Falcão , Oliveira João Pedro Cerqueira da Silva , Oliveira Neuza Vitoria de Andrade 
Published: August 2022

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar o protagonismo do teletrabalho durante a crise sanitária provocada pelo COVID-19. Resgatamos um breve histórico sobre essa modalidade de trabalho, sua adoção no Brasil e no mundo, e as dificuldades e consequência da sua implantação. Por meio de consulta bibliográfica e de instrumentos legislativos, percebe-se que a legislação brasileira não abarca todas as peculiaridades do trabalho remoto, submetendo o teletrabalhador a condições precárias de trabalho.
How can instructions and feedback with external focus be shaped to enhance motor learning in children? A systematic review
Authors: van der Veer Ingrid P. A. , Verbecque Evi , Rameckers Eugene A. A. , Bastiaenen Caroline H. G. , Klingels Katrijn 
Published: August 2022

Aim
This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of instructions and feedback with external focus applied with reduced frequency, self-controlled timing and/or in visual or auditory form, on the performance of functional gross motor tasks in children aged 2 to 18 with typical or atypical development.

Methods
Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase) were systematically searched (last updated May 31st 2021). Inclusion criteria were: 1. children aged 2 to 18 years old; 2. Instructions/feedback with external focus applied with reduced frequency, self-controlled timing, and/or visual or auditory form as intervention, to learn functional gross motor tasks; 3. Instructions/feedback with external focus applied with continuous frequency, instructor-controlled timing, and/or verbal form as control; 4. performance measure as outcome; 5. (randomized) controlled studies. Article selection and risk of bias assessment (with the Cochrane risk of bias tools) was conducted by two reviewers independently. Due to heterogeneity in study characteristics and incompleteness of the reported data, a best-evidence synthesis was performed.

Results
Thirteen studies of low methodological quality were included, investigating effectiveness of reduced frequencies (n = 8), self-controlled timing (n = 5) and visual form (n = 1) on motor performance of inexperienced typically (n = 348) and atypically (n = 195) developing children, for acquisition, retention and/or transfer. For accuracy, conflicting or no evidence was found for most comparisons, at most time points. However, there was moderate evidence that self-controlled feedback was most effective for retention, and limited evidence that visual analogy was most effective for retention and transfer. To improve quality of movement, there was limited evidence that continuous frequency was most effective for retention and transfer.

Conclusion
More methodologically sound studies are needed to draw conclusions about the preferred frequency, timing or form. However, we cautiously advise considering self-controlled feedback, visual instructions, and continuous frequency.

Trial registration
Registration: Prospero CRD42021225723. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021225723.
Home based postpartum care and determinants in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Minuye Birhane Binyam , Alebachew Bayih Wubet , Chanie Muluken , Awoke Getaneh , Simegn Amare , Asnakew Sintayehu , Mamuye Melkalem , Yeshambel Abebaw , Muche Tewachew , Demis Asmamaw , Munye Tigabu , Endalamaw Aklilu , Eshetie Yeshambew , Kefale Demewoz , Chanie Ermias Sisay , Mengesha Yalew Zemen , Mesfin Belay Demeke 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Neonatal mortality remains a persisting public health challenge in Ethiopia. Timely intervention to neonatal morbidity and early neonatal care visit could reduce the burden of mortality. Studies related to home based postnatal care is limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess home based postnatal care visits and determinants in Ethiopia.

Methods
A secondary data analysis using 2016 EDHS data was conducted among 7590 women who had live births two years preceding the survey. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis model was used and those variables with a P-value ≤ of 0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered as predictors. Results: Home based postpartum care by health care providers was 6.3% and 67.9% of women gave birth at home. Women perceived that distance is not big problem [AOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.68], richer wealth index [AOR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.48], attending antenatal care visit [AOR = 2.17; 95% CI:1.57, 2.99], giving birth in health institution [AOR = 2.07; 95% CI:1.53, 2.80], giving birth by cesarean section [AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.33, 4.99], and having awareness about neonatal danger sign [AOR = 3.68; 95% CI: 2.90,4.70] were factors associated with home based postpartum care.

Conclusion
Home based care by health care providers was low. Therefore, measures should be taken in increasing the number of nearby health care facility, strengthen the continuum of care on antenatal care follow-up, institutional delivery and improve mother’s knowledge about neonatal danger sign.
Short-form adaptive measure of financial toxicity from the Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer (ENRICh) study: Derivation using modern psychometric techniques
Authors: Xu Cai , Smith Grace L. , Chen Ying-Shiuan , Checka Cristina M. , Giordano Sharon H. , Kaiser Kelsey , Lowenstein Lisa M. , Ma Hilary , Mendoza Tito R. , Peterson Susan K. , Shih Ya-Chen T. , Shete Sanjay , Tang Chad , Volk Robert J. , Sidey-Gibbons Chris 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
This study sought to evaluate advanced psychometric properties of the 15-item Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer (ENRICh) measure of financial toxicity for cancer patients.

Methods
We surveyed 515 cancer patients in the greater Houston metropolitan area using ENRICh from March 2019 to March 2020. We conducted a series of factor analyses alongside parametric and non-parametric item response theory (IRT) assessments using Mokken analysis and the graded response model (GRM). We utilized parameters derived from the GRM to run a simulated computerized adaptive test (CAT) assessment.

Results
Among participants, mean age was 58.49 years and 278 (54%) were female. The initial round factor analysis results suggested a one-factor scale structure. Negligible levels of differential item functioning (DIF) were evident between eight items. Three items were removed due to local interdependence (Q3>+0.4). The original 11-point numerical rating scale did not function well, and a new 3-point scoring system was implemented. The final 12-item ENRICh had acceptable fit to the GRM (p<0.001; TLI = 0.94; CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.09; RMSR = 0.06) as well as good scalability and dimensionality. We observed high correlation between CAT version scores and the 12-item measure (r = 0.98). During CAT, items 2 (money you owe) and 4 (stress level about finances) were most frequently administered, followed by items 1 (money in savings) and 5 (ability to pay bills). Scores from these four items alone were strongly correlated with that of the 12-item ENRICh (r = 0.96).

Conclusion
These CAT and 4-item versions provide options for quick screening in clinical practice and low-burden assessment in research.
Spatial variation and factors associated with home delivery after ANC visit in Ethiopia; spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Worku Misganaw Gebrie , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Yeshaw Yigizie , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Institutional delivery is crucial to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality as well as serious morbidities. However, in Ethiopia, home delivery (attended by an unskilled birth attendant) after antenatal care (ANC) visit is highly in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial variation and determinants of home delivery after antenatal care visits in Ethiopia.

Method
A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 mini Ethiopian demographic and health survey. A total of 2,923 women who had ANC visits were included. Spatial analysis was done by using GIS 10.7 and SaTscan 9.6. The risk areas for home delivery from GIS and spatial scan statistics results were reported. A multi-level logistic regression model was fitted using Stata14 to identify individual and community-level factors associated with home delivery after ANC visit. Finally, AOR with 95% CI and random effects were reported.

Result
Home delivery after ANC visit was spatially clustered in Ethiopia(Moran’s index = 0.52, p-value <0.01). The primary clusters were detected in Oromia and SNNP region (LLR = 37.48, p < 0.001 and RR = 2.30) and secondary clusters were located in Benishangul Gumuz, Amhara, Tigray and Afar (LLR = 29.45, p<0.001 and RR = 1.54). Being rural resident (AOR = 2.52; 95%CI 1.09–5.78), having no formal education (AOR = 3.19;95% CI 1.11–9.16), being in the poor (AOR = 2.20;95%CI 1.51–3.22) and middle wealth index (AOR = 2.07;95% CI 1.44–2.98), having one ANC visit (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI 1.41–4.94), and living in the agrarian region (AOR = 3.63; 95%CI 1.03–12.77) had increased the odds of home delivery after ANC visit.

Conclusion and recommendation
Home delivery after ANC visit was spatially clustered in Ethiopia. Factors like maternal education, wealth index, number of ANC visits, residency and region were significantly associated with home delivery after ANC visit. Therefore, it is better to increase the number of ANC contact by giving health education, especially for women with low levels of education and better to improve the wealth status of women. A special strategy is also vital to reduce home delivery after ANC visit in those high-risk regions.
Factors associated with Facebook addiction among university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ripon Rezaul Karim , Al Zubayer Abdullah , Rahman Quazi Maksudur , Khan Abid Hasan , Rahaman Arifur , Hasan M. Tasdik , Bhuiyan Md. Rifat Al Mazid , Khan Md. Kamrul Ahsan , Chowdhury Md. Ashraf Uddin , Hossain Md. Zakir 
Published: August 2022

Background
Facebook addiction (FA) has been suggested as a potential behavioral addiction. There is a severe lack of research evidence regarding the Facebook addiction behavior among university students during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with Facebook addiction among Bangladeshi university students.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 2,161 Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic from June 2021 to September 2021. A well fitted regression model in R programming language was used for this study.

Results
Female respondents and those whose family monthly income was <25,000 BDT were more addicted to Facebook than other respondents. Respondents who lost a family member or a relative to COVID-19, engaged in physical activities (exercise) during the pandemic, used Facebook for work purposes or used Facebook to relieve daily stress were more addicted to Facebook.

Conclusion
Overuse of social media is problematic as it can trigger several mental health symptoms, especially among students. Adequate and effective interventions are required to educate students about the dangers of Facebook addiction and to provide an alternative, healthy options.