bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Gaussian quadrature formulae of Chebyshev type
Authors: Notaris Sotirios 
Published: June 2022

We prove that there is no positive measure

d
σ

d\sigma

on the interval

[
a
,
b
]

[a,b]

such that the corresponding anti-Gaussian quadrature formula is also a Chebyshev quadrature formula. We also show that the only positive and even measure

d
σ
(
t
)
=
d
σ
(
−
t
)

d\sigma (t)=d\sigma (-t)

on the symmetric interval

[
−
a
,
a
]

[-a,a]

, for which the anti-Gaussian formula has the form

∫

−
a

a

f
(
t
)
d
σ
(
t
)
=

μ

0

2

[
f
(
a
)
+
f
(
−
a
)
]
+

R

2

A
G

(
f
)

\int _{-a}^{a}f(t)d\sigma (t)=\frac {\mu _{0}}{2}[f(a)+f(-a)]+R_{2}^{AG}(f)

for

n
=
1

n=1

and

∫

−
a

a

f
(
t
)
d
σ
(
t
)
=

w

1

f
(
a
)
+
w

∑

μ
=
2

n

f
(

t

μ

)
+

w

1

f
(
−
a
)
+

R

n
+
1

A
G

(
f
)

\int _{-a}^{a}f(t)d\sigma (t)=w_{1}f(a)+w\sum _{\mu =2}^{n}f(t_{\mu })+w_{1}f(-a)+R_{n+1}^{AG}(f)

for all

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

, is the measure

d
σ
(
t
)
=
(

a

2

−

t

2

)

−
1

/

2

d
t

d\sigma (t)=(a^{2}-t^{2})^{-1/2}dt

. It turns out that the formula for

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

is the

(
n
−
1
)

(n-1)

-point Gauss-Lobatto quadrature formula for the measure

d
σ
(
t
)
=
(

a

2

−

t

2

)

−
1

/

2

d
t

d\sigma (t)=(a^{2}-t^{2})^{-1/2}dt

, which is a generalization of what happens in the case of the Chebyshev measure of the first kind. Moreover, we compute the anti-Gaussian formulae for any one of the four Chebyshev measures.
Prescription cannabidiol for seizure disorder management: Initial drug-drug interaction management by specialty pharmacists
Authors: Dial Holly , Owens Wendi , DeClercq Josh , Choi Leena , Zuckerman Autumn D , Shah Nisha B , Johnson Kayla 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the presence, type, and management of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) at prescription cannabidiol (CBD) therapy initiation.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of patients prescribed CBD from a medical center’s neurology clinic for seizure management from January 2019 through April 2020. Patients were excluded if they were enrolled in a CBD clinical trial or the insurance approval or medication fulfillment process was not completed by the center’s specialty pharmacy. The primary outcomes were the numbers, types, and management of DDIs identified at the time of CBD prescribing.

Results
Of the 136 patients included, 109 (80%) had a DDI identified at baseline. Of the 260 DDIs, 71% (n = 184) were pharmacodynamic and 29% (n = 76) were pharmacokinetic in nature. Management of the 260 DDIs detected included counseling only (89% [n = 232 interactions]), discontinuation of the interacting agent [9% (n = 22 interactions]), and dosage change for the interacting agent [2% (n = 6 interactions]). Clobazam was the most commonly identified interacting medication (n = 63, 24%), while valproic acid accounted for 10% (n = 26) of the DDIs. The population was predominantly white (n = 115, 85%), 18 years of age or younger (n = 92, 68%), and had an indication for prescription CBD treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (n = 117, 86%).

Conclusion
This study provides new information on the role that integrated specialty pharmacists can play in identifying and managing initial DDIs in patients starting prescription CBD.
#CosmeticsTwitter: Predicting Public Interest in Nonsurgical Cosmetic Procedures Using Twitter Data
Authors: Cohen Samuel A , Tijerina Jonathan D , Shah Shreya A , Amarikwa Linus , Kossler Andrea L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The utilization of social media in plastic surgery is expanding. The Twitter Academic Research Product Tract (TARPT) database provides plastic surgeons the opportunity to monitor public interest in plastic surgery procedures. Previously, TARPT was shown to be effective in tracking public interest in surgical cosmetic facial and body procedures.

Objectives
The authors sought to determine the ability of the TARPT tool to track and predict public interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures and to examine temporal public interest trends in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures.

Methods
The authors employed the TARPT tool to calculate the total number of tweets containing keywords related to 15 nonsurgical cosmetic procedures from 2010 to 2020. Annual case volumes were obtained for each of the 15 procedures from annual reports provided by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Univariate linear regression was employed to compare tweet volumes and procedure volumes, with P &lt; 0.05 as a threshold for significance.

Results
Univariate linear regression revealed significant positive correlations between tweet volumes and American Society of Plastic Surgeons procedure volumes for 10 search terms representing 6 nonsurgical cosmetic procedures: “xeomin,” “microdermabrasion,” “facial filler,” “fat filler,” “fat injections,” “fat transfer,” “hyaluronic acid filler,” “hyaluronic acid injection,” “HA filler,” and “PRP filler.” Thirty-two search terms did not demonstrate a significant relationship.

Conclusions
The TARPT tool is an informative data source for plastic surgeons with the potential to guide marketing and advertising strategies, and monitor public interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, helping surgeons respond to patients’ evolving needs.
Immunogenicity of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 to Ancestral Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Omicron Variant in Adults Who Received 2 Doses of Inactivated Vaccine
Authors: Leung Nancy H L , Cheng Samuel M S , Martín-Sánchez Mario , Au Niki Y M , Ng Yvonne Y , Luk Leo L H , Chan Karl C K , Li John K C , Leung Yonna W Y , Tsang Leo C H , Chaothai Sara , Kwan Kelvin K H , Ip Dennis K M , Poon Leo L M , Leung Gabriel M , Peiris J S Malik , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Limited data exist on antibody responses to mixed vaccination strategies that involve inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, particularly in the context of emerging variants.

Methods
We conducted an open-label trial of a third vaccine dose of a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (BNT162b2, Fosun Pharma/BioNTech) in adults aged ≥30 years who had previously received 2 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. We collected blood samples before administering the third dose and 28 days later and tested for antibodies to the ancestral virus using a binding assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), and a live virus plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). We also tested for antibodies against the Omicron variant using live-virus PRNT.

Results
In 315 participants, a third dose of BNT162b2 substantially increased antibody titers on each assay. Mean ELISA levels increased from an optical density of 0.3 to 2.2 (P &lt; .001), and mean sVNT levels increased from an inhibition of 17% to 96% (P &lt; .001). In a random subset of 20 participants, the geometric mean PRNT50 titers rose substantially, by 45-fold from day 0 to day 28 against the ancestral virus (P &lt; .001) and by 11-fold against the Omicron variant (P &lt; .001). In daily monitoring, post-vaccination reactions subsided within 7 days for more than 99% of participants.

Conclusions
A third dose of COVID-19 vaccine with an mRNA vaccine substantially improved antibody levels against the ancestral virus and the Omicron variant with a well-tolerated safety profile in adults who had received 2 doses of inactivated vaccine 6 months earlier.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT05057182.
Two-way fixed effects and differences-in-differences with heterogeneous treatment effects: a survey
Authors: de Chaisemartin Clément , D’Haultfœuille Xavier 
Published: June 2022

SummaryLinear regressions with period and group fixed effects are widely used to estimate policie’s effects: 26 of the 100 most cited papers published by the American Economic Review from 2015 to 2019 estimate such regressions. It has recently been shown that those regressions may produce misleading estimates if the policy’s effect is heterogeneous between groups or over time, as is often the case. This survey reviews a fast-growing literature that documents this issue and that proposes alternative estimators robust to heterogeneous effects. We use those alternative estimators to revisit Wolfers (2006a).
Groovy and Gnarly: Surface Wrinkles as a Multifunctional Motif for Terrestrial and Marine Environments
Authors: Surapaneni Venkata A , Schindler Mike , Ziege Ricardo , de Faria Luciano C , Wölfer Jan , Bidan Cécile M , Mollen Frederik H , Amini Shahrouz , Hanna Sean , Dean Mason N 
Published: June 2022

Synopsis
From large ventral pleats of humpback whales to nanoscale ridges on flower petals, wrinkled structures are omnipresent, multifunctional, and found at hugely diverse scales. Depending on the particulars of the biological system—its environment, morphology, and mechanical properties—wrinkles may control adhesion, friction, wetting, or drag; promote interfacial exchange; act as flow channels; or contribute to stretching, mechanical integrity, or structural color. Undulations on natural surfaces primarily arise from stress-induced instabilities of surface layers (e.g., buckling) during growth or aging. Variation in the material properties of surface layers and in the magnitude and orientation of intrinsic stresses during growth lead to a variety of wrinkling morphologies and patterns which, in turn, reflect the wide range of biophysical challenges wrinkled surfaces can solve. Therefore, investigating how surface wrinkles vary and are implemented across biological systems is key to understanding their structure–function relationships. In this work, we synthesize the literature in a metadata analysis of surface wrinkling in various terrestrial and marine organisms to review important morphological parameters and classify functional aspects of surface wrinkles in relation to the size and ecology of organisms. Building on our previous and current experimental studies, we explore case studies on nano/micro-scale wrinkles in biofilms, plant surfaces, and basking shark filter structures to compare developmental and structure-vs-function aspects of wrinkles with vastly different size scales and environmental demands. In doing this and by contrasting wrinkle development in soft and hard biological systems, we provide a template of structure–function relationships of biological surface wrinkles and an outlook for functionalized wrinkled biomimetic surfaces.
Maternal Responses in the Face of Infection Risk
Authors: Lopes Patricia C , Gormally Brenna M G , Emmi Aubrey , Schuerman Delilah , Liyanage Chathuni , Beattie Ursula K , Romero L Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When animals are sick, their physiology and behavior change in ways that can impact their offspring. Research is emerging showing that infection risk alone can also modify the physiology and behavior of healthy animals. If physiological responses to environments with high infection risk take place during reproduction, it is possible that they lead to maternal effects. Understanding whether and how high infection risk triggers maternal effects is important to elucidate how the impacts of infectious agents extend beyond infected individuals and how, in this way, they are even stronger evolutionary forces than already considered. Here, to evaluate the effects of infection risk on maternal responses, we exposed healthy female Japanese quail to either an immune-challenged (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] treated) mate or to a healthy (control) mate. We first assessed how females responded behaviorally to these treatments. Exposure to an immune-challenged or control male was immediately followed by exposure to a healthy male, to determine whether treatment affected paternity allocation. We predicted that females paired with immune-challenged males would avoid and show aggression towards those males, and that paternity would be skewed towards the healthy male. After mating, we collected eggs over a 5-day period. As an additional control, we collected eggs from immune-challenged females mated to healthy males. We tested eggs for fertilization status, embryo sex ratio, as well as albumen corticosterone, lysozyme activity, and ovotransferrin, and yolk antioxidant capacity. We predicted that immune-challenged females would show the strongest changes in the egg and embryo metrics, and that females exposed to immune-challenged males would show intermediate responses. Contrary to our predictions, we found no avoidance of immune-challenged males and no differences in terms of paternity allocation. Immune-challenged females laid fewer eggs, with an almost bimodal distribution of sex ratio for embryos. In this group, albumen ovotransferrin was the lowest, and yolk antioxidant capacity decreased over time, while it increased in the other treatments. No differences in albumen lysozyme were found. Both females that were immune-challenged and those exposed to immune-challenged males deposited progressively more corticosterone in their eggs over time, a pattern opposed to that shown by females exposed to control males. Our results suggest that egg-laying Japanese quail may be able to respond to infection risk, but that additional or prolonged sickness symptoms may be needed for more extensive maternal responses.
Introducing FCR6–Brain: Measuring fear of cancer recurrence in brain tumor patients and their caregivers
Authors: Braun Sarah Ellen , Willis Kelcie D , Mladen Samantha N , Aslanzadeh Farah , Lanoye Autumn , Langbein Jenna , Reid Morgan , Loughan Ashlee R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a psychological consequence of cancer diagnosis that impacts quality of life in neuro-oncology. However, the instruments used to assess FCR have not been tested for validity in patients with brain tumors. The present study explored the psychometric properties of a brief FCR scale in patients with primary brain tumor (PBT) and their caregivers.

Methods
Adult patients with PBT (n = 165) and their caregivers (n = 117) completed the FCR–7-item scale (FCR7) and measures of psychological functioning. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted for both patient and caregiver FCR7. Convergent validity, prevalence, the difference between FCR in patients and caregivers, and relationships with relevant medical and demographic variables were explored.

Results
EFAs revealed a single factor with one item demonstrating poor loading for both patients and caregivers. Removal of the item measuring hypervigilance symptoms (checking for physical signs of tumor) greatly improved the single factor metrics. The amended scale (FCR6-Brain) demonstrated good convergent validity. Caregiver FCR was significantly higher than patient. Clinical guidance to identify clinically significant FCR was introduced. Age, gender, and time since diagnosis were related to FCR, with higher FCR in younger women more recently diagnosed.

Conclusions
The FCR6-Brain is the first validated instrument to assess FCR in this population and should be used to identify individuals at risk for FCR and guide development of future psychotherapeutic interventions. This study highlights the distinct characteristics of FCR in neuro-oncology. Symptoms of hypervigilance in PBT patients need further investigation.
Protein Kinase MpYAK1 Is Involved in Meristematic Cell Proliferation, Reproductive Phase Change and Nutrient Signaling in the LiverwortMarchantia polymorpha
Authors: Shinkawa Haruka , Kajikawa Masataka , Furuya Tomoyuki , Nishihama Ryuichi , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Kohchi Takayuki , Fukuzawa Hideya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant growth and development are regulated by environmental factors, including nutrient availability and light conditions, via endogenous genetic signaling pathways. Phosphorylation-dependent protein modification plays a major role in the regulation of cell proliferation in stress conditions, and several protein kinases have been shown to function in response to nutritional status, including dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). Although DYRKs are widely conserved in eukaryotes, the physiological functions of DYRKs in land plants are still to be elucidated. In the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a model bryophyte, four putative genes encoding DYRK homologous proteins, each of which belongs to the subfamily yet another kinase 1 (Yak1), plant-specific DYRK, DYRK2, or pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinase, were identified. MpYAK1-defective male and female mutant lines generated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system showed smaller sizes of thalli than did the wild-type plants and repressed cell divisions in the apical notch regions. The Mpyak1 mutants developed rhizoids from gemmae in the gemma cup before release. The Mpyak1 lines developed sexual organs even in non-inductive short-day photoperiod conditions supplemented with far-red light. In nitrogen (N)-deficient conditions, rhizoid elongation was inhibited in the Mpyak1 mutants. In conditions of aeration with 0.08% CO2 (v/v) and N depletion, Mpyak1 mutants accumulated higher levels of sucrose and lower levels of starch compared to the wild type. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the expression of peroxidase genes was differentially affected by MpYAK1. These results suggest that MpYAK1 is involved in the maintenance of plant growth and developmental responses to light conditions and nutrient signaling.
Childhood Pneumonia Diagnostics in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ojuawo Olutobi Babatope , Iroh Tam Pui-Ying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The prompt and accurate aetiological diagnosis of childhood pneumonia remains a challenge, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) because of limited resources for disease management.

Objective
To review existing diagnostics for childhood pneumonia and potential modalities available to differentiate between bacterial and viral aetiologies in SSA.

Methods
Online databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 regarding childhood pneumonia diagnosis, conducted in SSA in children less than 18 years of age. The 2020 PRISMA checklist was utilized in appraising the selected studies and the QUADAS-2 tool was employed to assess the risk of bias in each of the studies selected.

Results
A total of 1542 study titles and abstracts were screened following which 45 studies (39 on childhood pneumonia diagnostics and 6 on discriminating between bacterial and viral childhood pneumonia) were selected for review. Microbiological investigations (79.7%) constituted the most utilized index tests with blood-related specimen (32.8%) being the most utilized specimen. The most performed index diagnostic modality was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (53.1%). The commonest reference gold standard technique was based on clinical diagnosis of the disease (46.2%). Only six studies in SSA attempted at using serum biomarkers, either singly or in combination to distinguish between aetiologies with use of combined biomarkers showing promise.

Conclusion
Microbiological investigations are the most employed diagnostic methods for childhood pneumonia in SSA. More studies are required to evaluate the potential use of serum biomarkers; either singly or in combination with the goal of discriminating bacterial and viral childhood pneumonia.
An Examination of the Associations Among USMLE Step 3 Scores and the Likelihood of Disciplinary Action in Practice
Authors: Cuddy Monica M. , Liu Chunyan , Ouyang Wenli , Barone Michael A. , Young Aaron , Johnson David A. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
As the last examination in the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) sequence, Step 3 provides a safeguard before physicians enter into unsupervised practice. There is, however, little validity research focusing on Step 3 scores beyond examining its associations with other educational and professional assessments thought to cover similar content. This study examines the associations between Step 3 scores and subsequent receipt of disciplinary action taken by state medical boards for problematic behavior in practice. It analyzes Step 3 total, Step 3 computer-based case simulation (CCS), and Step 3 multiple-choice question (MCQ) scores.

Method
The final sample included 275,392 board-certified physicians who graduated from MD-granting medical schools and who passed Step 3 between 2000 and 2017. Cross-classified multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of Step 3 scores on the likelihood of receiving a disciplinary action, controlling for other USMLE scores and accounting for jurisdiction and specialty.

Results
Results showed that physicians with higher Step 3 total, CCS, and MCQ scores tended to have lower chances of receiving a disciplinary action, after accounting for other USMLE scores. Specifically, a 1-standard-deviation increase in Step 3 total, CCS, and MCQ score was associated with a 23%, 11%, and 17% decrease in the odds of receiving a disciplinary action, respectively. The effect of Step 2 CK score on the likelihood of receiving a disciplinary action was statistically significant, while the effect of Step 1 score became statistically nonsignificant when other Step scores were included in the analysis.

Conclusions
Physicians who perform better on Step 3 are less likely to receive a disciplinary action from a state medical board for problematic behavior in practice. These findings provide some validity evidence for the use of Step 3 scores when making medical licensure decisions in the United States.
Characterizing mechanism-based pain phenotypes in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a cross-sectional analysis of the PROspective Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis for EpidEmiologic and Translational StuDies
Authors: Saloman Jami L. , Conwell Darwin L. , Fogel Evan , Vege Santhi Swaroop , Li Liang , Li Shuang , Andersen Dana K. , Fisher William E. , Forsmark Christopher E. , Hart Phil A. , Pandol Stephen J. , Park Walter G. , Phillips Anna Evans , Topazian Mark , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Serrano Jose , Yadav Dhiraj ,   on behalf of the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pain is common in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and profoundly reduces quality of life (QoL). Multiple underlying mechanisms contribute to a heterogenous pain experience and reduce efficacy of pain management. This study was designed to characterize the distribution of mechanism-based pain phenotypes in painful CP. The data analyzed were collected as part of the PROspective Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis for EpidEmiologic and Translational StuDies, an NCI/NIDDK-funded longitudinal study of the natural history of CP. The PROspective Evaluation of Chronic pancreatitis for EpidEmiologic and translational stuDies includes patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures of pain, medication use, global health, and QoL. Of subjects (N = 681) with CP, 80% experienced abdominal pain within the year before enrollment. Subjects who experienced pain in the week before enrollment (N = 391) completed PROMIS Neuropathic and Nociceptive Pain Quality instruments which were then used to classify them by pain type: 40% had nociceptive, 5% had neuropathic-like, and 32% had both types of pain. The prevalence of having both types of pain was higher among women and subjects with diabetes mellitus, whereas nociceptive-only pain was more prevalent among men and those with pancreatic duct stricture. Other factors, including pain medication use and healthcare utilization, did not differ between groups based on pain type. Subjects in the Both group had significantly worse health and QoL scores relative to those with nociceptive-only pain, suggesting that using psychosocial pain surveys may be useful for understanding pain subtypes in patients with CP. Additional research is needed to identify biochemical and biophysical signatures that may associate with and predict responses to mechanism-specific interventions.