bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in use of specialized formula for managing cow's milk allergy in young children
Authors: Mehta Shriya , Allen Hilary I. , Campbell Dianne E. , Arntsen Karoline Fagerli , Simpson Melanie Rae , Boyle Robert J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundExcessive use of specialized formula for cow's milk allergy was reported in England, but complete analysis has not been undertaken and trends in other countries are unknown. Some specialized formula products, especially amino‐acid formula (AAF), have high free sugars content. We evaluated specialized formula trends in countries with public databases documenting national prescription rates.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of national prescription databases in the United Kingdom, Norway and Australia. Outcomes were volume and cost of specialized formula, and proportion of infants prescribed specialized formula. Expected volumes assumed 1% cow's milk allergy incidence and similar formula feeding rates between infants with and without milk allergy.ResultsPrescribed volumes of specialized formula for infants rose 2.8‐fold in England from 2007 to 2018, with similar trends in other regions of the United Kingdom. Volumes rose 2.2‐fold in Norway from 2009 to 2020 and 3.2‐fold in Australia from 2001 to 2012. In 2020, total volumes were 9.7‐ to 12.6‐fold greater than expected in England, 8.3‐ to 15.6‐fold greater than expected in Norway and 3.3‐ to 4.5‐fold greater than expected in Australia, where prescribing restrictions were introduced in 2012. In Norway, the proportion of infants prescribed specialized formula increased from 2.2% in 2009 to 6.9% in 2020, or 11.2‐ to 13.3‐fold greater than expected. In 2020, specialized formula for infants cost US$117 (103 euro) per birth in England, US$93 (82 euro) in Norway and US$27 (23 euro) in Australia. Soya formula prescriptions exceeded expected volumes 5.5‐ to 6.4‐fold in England in 1994 and subsequently declined, co‐incident with public health concerns regarding soya formula safety. In 2020, 30%–50% of prescribed specialized formula across the three countries was AAF.ConclusionsIn England, Norway and Australia, specialized formula prescriptions increased in the early 21st century and exceeded expected levels. Unnecessary specialized formula use may make a significant contribution to free sugars consumption in young children.
Implementation of patient‐reported outcome measures in a heart transplant recipient registry: First step toward a patient‐centered approach
Authors: Mahmoudi Redouane , Moitie Tiphaine , Dorent Richard , Guillemin Francis , Couchoud Cécile 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplantation (HTX) is a well‐established treatment for suitable patients with end‐stage heart failure, intended to prolong their survival and improve their health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL). No international consensus exists, however, about the preferred patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and their measures (PROMs) for heart transplant recipients. The purpose of this study, the first step in a mixed‐method investigation, was to review the PROMs developed and used in this population to identify the instruments for measuring HR‐QoL and adherence to immunosuppressive medications most appropriate for heart transplant patients.MethodsThis systematic search of the literature in the PubMed database focused on the assessment of PROMs for patients after HTX. We analyzed 66 studies with cross‐sectional, 28 with longitudinal, and 2 with mixed‐methods designs, as well as 6 literature reviews.ResultsThese 102 articles used 115 different PROMs, which we categorized as generic HR‐QoL instruments (n = 19), domain‐specific instruments (n = 71), heart disease‐specific instruments (n = 9), and heart transplant‐specific instruments (n = 16). They cover different dimensions of HR‐QoL and of immunosuppressive‐drug experience, with diverse numbers of items, types of scales, and psychometric properties.ConclusionsDespite the abundance of instruments, PROMs for HTX can be improved to meet other patient expectations (i.e., by including important issues such as coping strategies, employment, social support, sexual relationships, spirituality, and beliefs), while paying attention to ease of use, reliability, validity, and the contribution of new technologies. A qualitative approach will complete our project of developing a patient‐centered instrument for HTX patients.
Off‐label underdosing of four individual NOACs in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Sang Chuanlan , Chen Jiming , Sun Junyi , Lai Yuhui , Liu Xiao , Zhu Wengen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several meta‐analyses have examined the effects of off‐label underdosing of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared with their recommended doses in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), they combined different kinds of NOACs in their primary analyses. Herein, we first conducted a meta‐analysis to separately assess the effects of off‐label underdosing versus on‐label dosing of four individual NOACs on adverse outcomes in the AF population.MethodsThe PubMed and Embase database were systemically searched until November 2021 to identify the relevant studies. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by utilizing a random‐effects model.ResultsA total of nine studies with 144,797 patients taking NOACs were included in the meta‐analysis. In the pooled analysis, off‐label underdosing of rivaroxaban was related to an increased risk of stroke or systemic embolism (HR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.63; p = .02), whereas off‐label underdosing of apixaban was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause death (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.40; p = .01). When comparing off‐label underdosing versus on‐label dosing of dabigatran or edoxaban, no differences were found in the primary and secondary clinical outcomes.ConclusionOff‐label underdosing of rivaroxaban may increase the risk of stroke or systematic embolism, whereas off‐label underdosing of apixaban may heighten the incidence of all‐cause death.
Does trade clustering reduce trading costs? Evidence from periodicity in algorithmic trading
Authors: Muravyev Dmitriy , Picard Joerg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study how trading activity affects liquidity and volatility by introducing two periodicities in trading activity. First, trades and quote updates are much more frequent within the first 100 ms of a second than during its remainder. Second, trading activity often spikes at intervals of exactly one second. For these two periodicities, higher trade and quote intensities lead to higher volatility, but they do not significantly affect stock liquidity. These periodicities are likely caused by algorithms that trade predictably by repeating instructions in loops with round start times and time increments. Such predictable behavior may provide an example of behavioral biases in trading algorithms.
South African community health workers' pursuit of occupational security
Authors: van de Ruit Catherine , Breckenridge Alexandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCommunity health workers (CHWs) are central to the global health response to crises like the AIDS epidemic. Yet community health work remains undervalued and undercompensated worldwide owing in large part to the gendered and racialized contexts of care work. This paper investigates the possibility of occupational security for CHWs by comparing two cases from South Africa's response to AIDS. The first draws on ethnographic research (2007–2009) in rural KwaZulu‐Natal province and documents the fraught formation of a union representing CHWs. The second examines legal action in the Free State province for a group of CHWs known as the Bophelo House 94, who were arrested and criminally charged in June 2014 after protesting their sudden dismissal by the government. This case comparison finds that collective action has thus far had limited effects on CHWs' position as a nascent occupation. The South African Ministry of Health has obstructed CHW professionalization, and non‐state actors' involvement has been a mixture of benefit and impediment: some social justice agencies have facilitated CHW advocacy, while many AIDS service organizations have cooperated with the state and exacerbated the precarity of CHWs' working conditions. However, the consolidation of CHW work roles—owing to advances in AIDS prevention and treatment—holds promise for future CHW collective organization.
A systematic review on traditional, ayurvedic, and herbal approaches to treat solar erythema
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Shalini , Srivastava Deepika , Mishra Shalini , Sharma Shivani , Mishra Rajesh , Arya Vedpriya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSolar erythema is a kind of radiation burn that strikes living tissue, such as skin, that arises from overexposure to UV radiation often from the sun. Ordinary symptoms of solar erythema include reddish skin, specifically warm to touch, overall tiredness, hurting, and mild whirl. Sunscreen contains SPF value, which measures how much ultraviolet radiation is needed to cause sunburn on sunscreen‐applied skin, which is proportional to the quantity of solar energy needed to cause sunburn on unprotected skin. Between 30 and 50 SPF value is sufficient to protect from sunburn, especially for the people who are more sensitive to sunburn. Sunscreen also protects from sun damage including dark spots and discoloration and helps to keep skin smooth, spotless, and more even. Chemical‐based sunscreen is widely used because it effectively protects the skin from sun damage, but it clogs pores and can be problematic for sensitive skin as it can cause itching or stinging of the skin and pus in the hair follicles. On the other hand, herbal sunscreen absorbs light preferentially over the range of 280–320 mm without causing any harm to the skin and eyes. Ayurveda rejuvenates dull skin by regaining the skin's natural glow and radiance. This review concludes the damaging and harmful effects of UV rays, along with various traditional, ayurvedic, and herbal approaches to treat solar erythema naturally.
Summary of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Penile Cancer 2021 by the Japanese Urological Association
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Sugiyama Yutaka , Tanaka Toshiaki , Kimura Tomokazu , Yumura Yasushi , Nakano Masahiro , Sugiyama Takayuki , Miura Noriyoshi , Goya Masato , Yamamoto Akira , Takahashi Satoru , Miura Yuji , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Masumori Naoya , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Yao Masahiro , Koie Takuya , Miyake Hideaki , Saika Takashi , Saito Seiichi , Akimoto Tetsuo , Tamada Tsutomu , Ando Yuichi , Takahashi Satoru , Suzuki Takaaki , Hinotsu Shiro , Kamba Tomomi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPenile cancer is a rare cancer for which no medical guidelines have been established before in Japan. These guidelines aim to standardize, as much as possible, the therapeutic modality for penile cancer, for which empirical evidence is limited on a global scale, thereby bolstering therapeutic outcomes for patients with penile cancer. The new guidelines conform to the Minds Guide for Developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (2017) as much as possible. However, virtually no randomized comparative studies and meta‐analyses based on such randomized studies have been conducted. Therefore, only the findings available at present were listed after conducting an exhaustive literature review of items with extremely low evidence levels and for which bodies of evidence and grades of recommendation were not evaluated. Clinical questions were set for items with a relatively large number of studies, including retrospective studies. However, since it is virtually impracticable to summarize bodies of evidence by systematic reviews, recommendation grades and evidence levels were discussed and determined by the consensus panel of the Preparatory Committee. The following were outlined: epidemiological, pathological, diagnostic, therapeutic, follow‐up, and quality of life‐related findings. Additionally, seven clinical questions were established to determine recommendation grades and evidence levels. We hope that these guidelines will prove to be useful to medical professionals engaged in clinical practice related to penile cancer in Japan and anticipate that critical reviews of the guidelines will lead to further refinement of the next edition.
Colloidal co‐assembly of dual‐phased ceramic/metal particles toward lightweight, hierarchically structured, and mechanically robust alumina foam
Authors: Ren Bo , Liu Jingjing , Li Bin , Liu Chuanbao , Chen Haiyang , Liu Jie , Li Guangqi , Chen Junhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCeramic foams constructed by aqueous‐based foam templating have demonstrated great potential in industrial and research applications. However, a multiple‐phased suspension with inherently improved complexity inevitably leads to a severe deterioration of foam stability. Herein, we proposed a colloidal co‐assembly strategy that introduces Al–Al2O3 dual‐phased particles for constructing ultralight yet mechanically robust cellular ceramics. Owing to the Al2O3 oxidation layer on Al particles, both of Al and Al2O3 suspensions demonstrated similar zeta potential and rheological properties, enabling a stable foam structure after colloidal co‐assembly. High‐temperature oxidation of Al particles contributed to the reinforcement of cell wall and formation of Al2O3 whiskers. The calcined products demonstrated a lightweight structure (0.31 g cm−3), a robust compressive strength (3.64 MPa) at a porosity level of 88.5%, and a relatively high specific surface area (14.7 m2 g−1). The current strategy paves the way for the construction of high‐performance ceramic foams for a broad range of applications.
Shorter distance between the esophagus and the left atrium is associated with higher rates of esophageal thermal injury after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Ishidoya Yuki , Kwan Eugene , Dosdall Derek J. , Macleod Rob S. , Navaravong Leenhapong , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Jared Bunch T. , Ranjan Ravi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal thermal injury (ETI) is a known and potentially serious complication of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. We intended to evaluate the distance between the esophagus and the left atrium posterior wall (LAPW) and its association with esophageal thermal injury.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 73 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) after LA radiofrequency catheter ablation for symptomatic atrial fibrillation and pre‐ablation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to identify the minimum distance between the inner lumen of the esophagus and the ablated atrial endocardium (pre‐ablation atrial esophageal distance; pre‐AED) and occurrence of ETI. Parameters of ablation index (AI, Visitag Surpoint) were collected in 30 patients from the CARTO3 system and compared with assess if ablation strategies and AI further impacted risk of ETI.ResultsPre‐AED was significantly larger in patients without ETI than those with ETI (5.23 ± 0.96 mm vs. 4.31 ± 0.75 mm, p < .001). Pre‐AED showed high accuracy for predicting ETI with the best cutoff value of 4.37 mm. AI was statistically comparable between Visitag lesion markers with and without associated esophageal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) detected by postablation MRI in the low‐power long‐duration ablation group (LPLD, 25‐40 W for 10–30 s, 393.16 [308.62–408.86] vs. 406.58 [364.38–451.22], p = .16) and high‐power short‐duration group (HPSD, 50 W for 5–10 s, 336.14 [299.66–380.11] vs. 330.54 [286.21–384.71], p = .53), respectively.ConclusionMeasuring the distance between the LA and the esophagus in pre‐ablation LGE‐MRI could be helpful in predicting ETI after LAPW ablation.
Characteristics and mathematical modeling of apple slice drying in an electrohydrodynamic system with a needle‐plate electrode
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Xingshu , Zhao Yixue , Xiong Xiufang , Ding Xinting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe drying of apple slices in an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) system with a needle‐plate electrode was characterized and mathematically modeled at voltages of 30, 40, and 50 kV and with distances between needles of 5, 6, and 7 cm. The results showed that the drying rate, effective water diffusion coefficient, and rehydration ratio of the apple slices, and specific energy consumption of drying, all increased with increasing voltage. Initially, there was a period when the drying rate was approximately constant in the low‐voltage EHD, but not in the high voltage conditions. At the same voltage, the drying rate was highest when the distance between needles was 6 cm. The voltage and distance between needles had a significant (p < .05) interactive effect on the effective water diffusion coefficient and specific energy consumption, but not on the rehydration ratio. General mathematical models for drying can be used to represent the drying behavior of apple slices. The Midilli and Kucuk model and the Logarithmic model had the best fits, with correlation coefficients of 0.998803 and 0.998267, respectively. Predictive functions for the moisture ratio of apple slices based on voltage and distance between needles were established and verified. The results indicated that the Logarithmic model could more accurately predict the moisture ratio of apple slices dried using the EHD method.Practical ApplicationsAs a new drying technology, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying has unequaled advantages. According to the results, using the appropriate voltage and distance between needles improves not only drying efficiency, but also the rehydration ratio of apple slices, which reflects the quality of dried products. The Logarithmic model can accurately predict the EHD drying behavior of apple slices, which is of great significance in optimizing actual production.
An automated cucumber inspection system based on neural network
Authors: Gan Yee‐Siang , Luo Shi‐Hao , Li Chih‐Hsueh , Chung Shih‐Wei , Liong Sze‐Teng , Tan Lit‐Ken 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrecision agriculture and smart farming have been gaining importance in recent years due to the coupled breakthrough of deep learning algorithms in machine vision. This paper aims to develop an end‐to‐end automatic agricultural food grading system based on its visual appearance. The target object considered herein is cucumber as it is one of the vegetables that can be grown in many countries around the world. Particularly, the developed system incorporates both the software and hardware components, in which the geometric properties of a moving cucumber on a conveyor belt can be computed. Concretely, an industrial camera is employed to capture the image of a cucumber. Then, three individual detection systems that perform the cucumber identification, geometry properties approximation, and defect detection, are designed. Finally, if the cucumber is found defective, the PLC motor control will be activated to separate the cucumber into an alternative container. As a result, the proposed algorithms yield promising performances when experimenting on a self‐collected data set, namely “Cuc‐70” that consists of a total of 4620 images. The cucumber identification generates an average WIoU of 93%, volume approximation accuracy of 98%, and defect detection WIoU of 92%. In addition, comprehensive analysis is conducted in order to validate the robustness of the proposed system and the compelling performance executed can be evidenced from the quantitative and qualitative results reported. In the future, this system can be integrated into online automatic sorting and grading for effective manufacturing and production.
Flowability of spray‐dried sapodilla pulp powder
Authors: Lima Antonia Carlota de Souza , Afonso Marcos Rodrigues Amorim , Rodrigues Sueli , Aquino Andréa Cardoso de 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of maltodextrin, Arabic gum, and dextrin on phenolic compounds, morphology, and flowability of sapodilla pulp powder obtained in a spray dryer. Sapodilla pulp was characterized by its moisture and total polyphenols. The carriers were individually added to the pulp at a concentration of 20% (m/m), and the samples were dried in a spray dryer. The powders were analyzed for moisture, hygroscopicity, total polyphenols, and particle morphology, and their flowability was evaluated using the Powder Flow Tester (PFT). Total polyphenols of sapodilla pulp (average of 1055.30 mg GAE in 100 g of pulp solids) were more significant than in the powders (457.06 to 635.55 mg GAE in 100 g of pulp solids). The lowest moisture (1.16%) was obtained for maltodextrin. All carriers generated nonhygroscopic powders. The particles showed a rounded shape with greater roughness in samples containing Arabic gum. The powder with dextrin resulted in better flowability characteristics, with a higher flow index and lower compressibility index, Hausner ratio, and wall friction angle. Sapodilla pulp powder was classified as cohesive, with flow indices < 3, compressibility index from 53.2 to 59.9, and Hausner ratio between 2.14 and 2.50. The carriers used influenced the characteristics of sapodilla pulp powders, the Arabic gum promoting greater protection of total polyphenols and dextrin resulting in better flowability characteristics.Practical ApplicationsThe consumption of tropical fruits has increased in recent years, especially fruits considered exotic. The sapodilla fruit has many health benefits potential, but it has a short shelf life and seasonal crop. This research provides information on the spray‐dried sapodilla pulp powder containing different drying carriers, in order to evaluate the powder flowability behavior. This evaluation was based on particle morphology, wall friction angle, and bulk and tapped densities. It is important to determine the influence of carriers on the powder in order to produce a good quality product.
Determining the frequency and characteristics of Hepatitis C reinfections in North East England
Authors: Askar Sumar , Jelley Ryan , McQue Kate , Allsop Caroline , McCullough Francesca , Miller Carolyn , Taha Yusri , Masson Steven , McPherson Stuart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is common, and injecting drug use is the major risk factor for acquisition. Understanding HCV reinfection following treatment is an important consideration for HCV elimination programmes. The aim of this work was to assess the frequency and patterns of HCV reinfection in our region to develop avoidance strategies. All individuals who completed anti‐HCV treatment with a known outcome in Tyne and Wear, England between January 2016 and May 2021 were included. This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. HCV reinfection was defined as positive HCV RNA after achieving sustained virological response 12 (SVR12). 788 of 840 patients (76% male; mean age 45.7 ± 11.9 years; 47% Genotype 1; 11% Cirrhosis; 20% started in prison) achieved SVR (94%). 443 patients (56%) had HCV RNA testing post‐SVR after a median 0.82 (range 0.1–5.2) years. 56 reinfections (7.1% of all SVRs and 12.6% of SVRs who had post‐SVR testing) were diagnosed. The median time to reinfection was 1.37 (range 0.1–4.0) years and the rate of reinfection was 10.5 /100 person years. 45 (80%) reinfections became chronic, 17 of whom were retreated and achieved SVR. 5 individuals developed a second reinfection. Younger age was the only factor independently associated with reinfection (HR 0.91 [0.88–0.94] p < .001). In conclusion, HCV reinfection is common and may slow our HCV elimination efforts. In order to address high reinfection rates, harm minimization approaches need improved, and we have implemented an ‘HCV track and trace’ pilot to try to reduce onwards HCV transmission.