bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to person‐centered care provisioning for people with dementia in Dutch long‐term care facilities
Authors: van der Roest Henriëtte G , van der Kuil Milan , Overbeek Anouk , Hartstra Egbert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerson‐centered care provisioning (PCC) is seen as the golden standard for dementia care. Positive evidence has been found for PCC, the level of person‐centeredness of care is positively associated with residents’ quality of life, quality of care an wellbeing. When providing PCC, care and support are provided in line with the needs, preferences and capacities of people with dementia.In long‐term care facilities, needs and preferences of people with dementia are not always obvious, due to the relatively high levels of cognitive impairment. This, and amongst others time constraints might hinder high PCC by care professionals. However, there is some evidence that certain organizational and environmental conditions, such as satisfactory leadership, interdisciplinary collaboration, and continuing education, lead to higher PCC. In order to facilitate care professionals as much as possible in providing PCC, more insight is desirable.This study aims to provide more insight into the modifiable factors that contribute to person‐centered care for people with dementia in Dutch long‐term care facilities.MethodA cross‐sectional design was applied. Data were collected during the fifth assessment of the Living Arrangements for people with Dementia (LAD)‐study from April 2019 until February 2020. Care professionals working in psychogeriatric units in long‐term care facilities filled in an online survey. Organizational characteristics of participating long‐term care facilities were inventoried.The Dutch version of the ‘Person‐centred care questionnaire’ (PCCq) was used to assess the degree of person‐centred care provided in a long term care unit/location. Modifiable factors potentially impacting the level of provided person‐centred care with regard to staff characteristics (e.g. autonomy, education), organizational features (size, involvement of family in care), and culture (e.g. learning climate) were included in multiple regression analyses.ResultIn total 58 long‐term facilities were included in the study, and 814 care professionals completed the survey. Average PCCq score was 3.2 (range 0 to 4, higher scores indicating higher PCC).ConclusionFactors with regard to staff, and organizations that contribute to PPC will be presented. The outcomes of the study will provide input for optimalization of the organization of dementia care in long‐term care facilities.
Communication during Covid‐19: Use of video conferencing technology by people living with dementia
Authors: Agustus Jennifer L , Volkmer Anna , Jeong Tina Hyerim , Jiang Jessica , Brotherhood Emilie V , Dobson Lucianne , Harding Emma , Gonzalez Aida Suarez , Crutch Sebastian J , Warren Jason D , Hardy Chris JD 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of videoconferencing technology has increased as an alternative communication method for people to retain social and clinical contact during Covid‐19 restrictions. This study investigated the uptake, limitations and benefits of videoconferencing for people living with dementia (PLWD).MethodTwenty‐three PLWD, 87 caregivers (on behalf of PLWD) and 39 healthy control participants anonymously reported their experiences of using videoconferencing technology during the Covid‐19 pandemic (PLWD: 38‐90 years; controls: 32‐100 years). The online survey ran between December 2020 and April 2021. Respondents represented experiences of people living with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD; 27), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD; 23), Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA; 24), Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA; 22), Lewy Body Dementia (LDB; 7). Mann‐Whitney U tests were used to compare Likert ratings of videoconferencing experiences between PLWD or diagnostic subgroups and controls.ResultThe majority of survey respondents that use videoconferencing technology reported an increased usage during the Covid‐19 pandemic than before (85%). However, 28% of PLWD did not use videoconferencing at all, compared to 3% of healthy controls. Only 53% of PLWD reported they liked using videoconferencing technology compared to 67% of controls, and this was lowest for people with LBD (33%) or PCA (40%). Interestingly, 64% of people with FTD liked videoconferencing and rated it more engaging than traditional telephone calls compared to healthy controls (p=0.045). People with AD, PCA and FTD found online meetings with multiple people more difficult than controls (p=0.036; p<0.001; p=0.030). Qualitative responses to questions on telemedicine were mixed, with PLWD three times more likely to report overall negative consequences (e.g. “communication better face‐to‐face”) than positive benefits (e.g. “less tiring”) for cognitive clinic and dementia‐related GP appointments, compared to face‐to‐face visits.ConclusionThe use of videoconferencing by PLWD and healthy controls has increased during the Covid‐19 pandemic. However, a significant proportion of PLWD surveyed are not able to use these technologies, with different profiles of uptake and enthusiasm across dementia subtypes. Our findings suggest that whilst representing a helpful alternative to face‐to‐face communication during the pandemic, videoconferencing (particularly in clinical settings) may be a significant barrier to communication for some people with cognitive impairment.
Associations between cortical microinfarcts and MRI markers of neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease in aging
Authors: Sadaghiani Shokufeh , Dolui Sudipto , Tisdall Dylan M. , Tackett William , Wolk David A. , Detre John A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCortical microinfarcts (CMI) are associated with cognitive impairment in both healthy aging and dementia, though the mechanisms underlying CMIs remain uncertain. Here we assessed correlations between CMIs and medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older subjects.MethodNeuroimaging data from 55 cognitively intact older subjects scanned using a hybrid 7T/3T protocol were analyzed. CMIs were manually identified on T1‐weighted MP2RAGE data (0.7mm isotropic resolution) obtained at 7T (Figure 1). Cortical thickness, WMH volume and whole brain CBF were obtained with T1‐weighted, FLAIR and 3D background suppressed arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging, all acquired at 3T and were available from N=39, 49 and 48 subjects of the N=55 subjects respectively. Spearman’s bivariate nonparametric test was used for statistical analyses.ResultCohort demographics and imaging results are summarized in Table 1. 111 CMIs were detected in 43 of 55 (78%) of 7T T1‐weighted and FLAIR MRI scans (range:0‐6, 56% multiple CMIs). Age and sex were not significantly correlated with the number of CMIs. A negative correlation between the number of CMIs and mean BA36 cortical thickness was observed (r(37)= ‐0.348, p=0.03) (Figure 2). A similar trend was also observed in entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices. No significant correlation was seen between the number of CMIs and WMH volume. No significant correlation was observed between the number of CMIs and CBF in whole brain, gray matter, or white matter.ConclusionThe percentage of subjects showing CMIs is higher than previous 3T studies suggesting improved sensitivity of high‐resolution 7T MRI for detection of CMIs. Contrary to prior reports the lack of correlation between the number of CMIs and either WMH volume or CBF suggests that cerebrovascular insufficiency and small vessel ischemic disease may not be the underlying pathologic mechanisms causing CMIs, at least in cognitively intact older subjects. However, the negative correlation between CMIs and MTL cortical thickness supports the possibility of a mutual underlying pathway for Alzheimer’s disease and CMIs that may be mediated by cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Managing responsive behaviours of care home residents with dementia during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: O'Donnell Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost care home residents with dementia exhibit responsive behaviours including aggression, agitation and wandering (Cerejeira et al., 2012). Psychotropic drugs are often prescribed to manage responsive behaviours but contravene guidance as they increase the rate of strokes and death in people with dementia (Gustafsson et al., 2013). However, the use of psychotropic drugs for behaviour management may potentially increase during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Howard et al., 2020). Therefore, it is imperative to understand how responsive behaviours are managed to identify facilitators and barriers to implementing non‐pharmacological approaches.MethodDuring the Covid‐19 pandemic, 25 interviews were conducted with managers, nurses and care assistants from 21 care homes across Ireland. All participants provided written informed consent. Themes emerging from thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) conceptualised understanding of how care home staff managed responsive behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Ethics approval was obtained from Lancaster University Faculty of Health and Medicine Research Ethics Committee (FHMREC20099).ResultResidents with dementia were perceived to be more depressed during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to the absence of family visits. However, care home staff reported that psychotropic drugs were not used more frequently for behaviour management than before the pandemic and that a person‐centred care approach was taken which involved supporting residents to participate in activities in smaller groups. Maintaining adequate staffing levels was challenging due to recruitment of nurses and care assistants from private care homes to acute public hospitals during the pandemic. Moreover, psychiatry and mental health support were difficult to access in rural regions of Ireland during COVID‐19 restrictions. Another emerging theme demonstrated that care assistants rarely contributed to equitable decision‐making, posing a barrier to implementing non‐pharmacological strategies to manage responsive behaviours.ConclusionThis study recommends that care homes should be prioritised in public health planning for Covid‐19, particularly to ensure optimal staffing levels and access to mental health support. In addition, care assistants should be provided with opportunities to contribute to decision‐making including case conferences. These recommendations will inform development of Department of Health policy and dementia care guidelines to facilitate implementation of non‐pharmacological strategies to manage responsive behaviours in dementia.
Impact of COVID‐19 and imposed lockdown on presenting complaints of persons with dementia and challenges faced by caregivers in India
Authors: Natarajan Nirupama , Vaitheswaran Sridhar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA diagnosis of dementia increases the vulnerability of an already vulnerable older adult population. COVID‐19 infection and the imposed lockdown have both had a huge impact on the lives of persons with dementia and their caregivers. The aim of this study is to evaluate presenting complaints provided by caregivers in the COVID‐19‐context in India.MethodWe examined the case records of persons with dementia who presented at theDementia Care in SCARF (DEMCARES), an outpatient clinic in Chennai between May 2020 and April 2021 during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We reviewed their presenting complaints to look for ones specific to the COVID‐19 context and identified caregiver challenges.ResultCOVID‐19 infection was reported by caregivers to affect the cognition and functioning of their relatives with dementia. The impact of imposed lockdown was observed through reports of caregivers noticing initial signs of dementia following the increased social isolation experienced by their loved ones during the pandemic. Some of the challenges faced by caregivers included their relative with dementia’s inability to understand the gravity of the COVID‐19 situation, wanting to step out of the house and inability to do so contributing to restlessness, agitation and aggression.ConclusionCaregivers are increasingly facing challenges posed by behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia stemming from the imposed lockdown restrictions. Teleconsultation and virtual delivery of dementia‐specific interventions could potentially help caregivers overcome some of these challenges. Older persons at risk for social isolation and those recovering from COVID‐19 should be screened for dementia. General and primary care physicians should actively watch out for signs of cognitive impairment and make necessary referrals as early detection of dementia in elderly persons recovering from COVID‐19 may improve outcomes.
Humans and horses: Therapeutic interventions for people living with early‐stage dementia and care partners
Authors: Anzelmo Nancy A Schier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman‐equine interaction research started 2015 for recently diagnosed (PWD)/ (CP). Therapy animals reduce agitated behavior, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbances, increase social interactions, positive engagement and communication (Richardson 2003; Dabelko‐Schoeny et al.:2014, Kogan, 2001: Sellers & Smith, 2002, Richeson, 2003; Filan & Llewellyn‐Jones, 2006) Workshops provided equine guided engagement to activate the dyad. Sessions taught participants stress reduction techniques for quality of life, identified coping mechanisms and reflection debriefing discussions. Booster sessions focused on the experiences of the dyad 6 months after initial workshop.MethodStudy designed as a comparative booster from initial study at Stanford/ UC Davis ( n=88) with six month follow up; 3 consecutive weeks, 15 hour intervention. Pre/post‐test design, with standardized measures of stress, burden, mood, sleep, social support for dyad. Research was conducted over 3 years through UC Davis School of Medicine, ADRC & School of Veterinary Medicine. Booster sessions followed ( n= 44) with (n=18) Pre/post data on (CP)/(PWD) within 3‐ week sessions. 14/18 dyads completed pre/post‐booster assessment comparison with post‐intervention scores.ResultStudy findings supported changes in (CP) / (PWD) evaluated results confirmed using rank tests for deviations from normality. Initial study data validated previous findings (CP). Booster session data within 6‐months for (CP)/ ( PWD) pre/post sessions. Prior analyses indicated significant reduction in BDI‐II, PSS / PSQI total scores after intervention. There was no significant difference between pre‐booster BDI‐II / PSS total scores and post‐intervention assessment (p>0.1). However, pre‐booster session PSQI scores were higher than the post‐intervention scores.ConclusionBooster session results indicate initial (CP) benefit of reduced feelings of depression remained stable between initial session/ booster. Though not conclusive, t data raised interesting questions regarding benefits of equine therapeutic interventions. Study results are encouraging for exploring further for (CP) as alternative approaches to enhancing quality of life. Booster session sample was small and more information is required in sample. Ultimately the connection and learning between dyads and horses in a brief period, provides opportunities to benefit persons with immediate needs from varying backgrounds.
Quantifying longitudinal cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease and other neuropathologies
Authors: Wagner Maude , Wilson Robert S. , Leurgans Sue E. , Boyle Patricia A. , Bennett David A. , Grodstein Francine , Capuano Ana W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionCognitive resilience (CR) has been defined as the continuum of better (or worse) than expected cognition, given the degree of neuropathology. To quantify this concept, existing approaches focus on either cognitive level at a single time point or slopes of cognitive decline.MethodsIn a prospective study of 1215 participants, we created a continuous measure of CR defined as the mean of differences between estimated person‐specific and marginal cognitive levels over time, after accounting for neuropathologies.ResultsNeuroticism and depressive symptoms were associated with all CR measures (P‐values < .012); as expected, cognitive activity and education were only associated with the cognitive‐level approaches (P‐values < .0002). However, compared with the existing CR measures focusing on a single measure or slopes of cognition, our new measure yielded stronger relations with risk factors.DiscussionDefining CR based on the longitudinal differences between person‐specific and marginal cognitive levels is a novel and complementary way to quantify CR.
Rewritable Macromolecular Data Storage with Automated Read‐out
Authors: Soete Matthieu , De Bruycker Kevin , Du Prez Filip 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRewriting data stored on synthetic macromolecules is an interesting feature, even though it is considered as being quite challenging within the area of digital macromolecules. In this context, we initially studied a strategy for modifying the position tag of sequence‐encoded macromolecules in a reversible manner. The efficiency of this method, which relies on the orthogonal cleavage of a thioester moiety via aminolysis, was demonstrated by modifying parts of an exemplary sentence. Simultaneously, a novel algorithm was developed to ease the read‐out of macromolecular information by means of MS/MS techniques. This program, Oligoreader, can identify potential information‐containing macromolecules from a series of MS1 spectra, analyze the corresponding MS2 spectra, and finally decode the data. Consequently, the algorithm simplifies the entire read‐out process by avoiding any interference from the operator, which increases the potential for blind sequencing of uniform macromolecules.
Cyclic Solid‐State Multiple Phase Changes with Tuned Photoemission in a Gold Thiolate Coordination Polymer
Authors: Veselska Oleksandra , Vaidya Shefali , Das Chinmoy , Guillou Nathalie , Bordet Pierre , Fateeva Alexandra , Toche François , Chiriac Rodica , Ledoux Gilles , Wuttke Stefan , Horike Satoshi , Demessence Aude 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe discovery of a universal memory that exhibits fast access speed, high‐density storage, and non‐volatility has fuelled research into phase‐change materials over the past decades. In spite of the efficiency of the inorganic chalcogenides for phase‐change random access memory (PCRAM), they still have some inherent drawbacks, such as high temperature required for phase change and difficulty to control the domain size of the phase change, because of their brittleness. Here we present a AuI–thiolate coordination polymer which undergoes two successive phase changes on application of mild heating (<200 °C) from amorphous‐to‐crystalline1‐to‐crystalline2 phases. These transitions are reversible upon soft hand grinding. More importantly, each phase exhibits different photoluminescent properties for an efficient optical read‐out. We believe that the ability of the AuI–thiolate coordination polymer to have reversible phase changes under soft conditions and at the same time to display distinct optical signals, can pave the way for the next generation of PCRAM.
Design Strategies for High‐Energy‐Density Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Ruan Pengchao , Liang Shuquan , Lu Bingan , Fan Hong Jin , Zhou Jiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the increasing demand for high‐capacity and safe energy storage has focused attention on zinc batteries featuring high voltage, high capacity, or both. Despite extensive research progress, achieving high‐energy‐density zinc batteries remains challenging and requires the synergistic regulation of multiple factors including reaction mechanisms, electrodes, and electrolytes. In this Review, we comprehensively summarize the rational design strategies of high‐energy‐density zinc batteries and critically analyze the positive effects and potential issues of these strategies in optimizing the electrochemistry, cathode materials, electrolytes, and device architecture. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the further development of high‐energy‐density zinc batteries are outlined to guide research towards new‐generation batteries for household appliances, low‐speed electric vehicles, and large‐scale energy storage systems.
Novel substituted 5‐methyl‐4‐acylaminoisoxazoles as antimitotic agents: Evaluation of selectivity to LNCaP cancer cells
Authors: Sadovnikov Kirill S. , Vasilenko Dmitry A. , Gracheva Yulia A. , Zefirov Nikolay A. , Radchenko Eugene V. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Grishin Yuri K. , Vasilichin Vladislav A. , Shtil Alexander A. , Shevtsov Pavel N. , Shevtsova Elena F. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Kuznetsov Sergei A. , Bunev Alexander S. , Zefirova Olga N. , Milaeva Elena R. , Averina Elena B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of novel antimitotic agents was designed using the replacement of heterocyclic cores in two tubulin‐targeting lead molecules with the acylated 4‐aminoisoxazole moiety. Target compounds were synthesized via heterocyclization of β‐aryl‐substituted vinylketones by tert‐butyl nitrite in the presence of water as a key step. 4‐Methyl‐N‐[5‐methyl‐3‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol‐4‐yl]benzamide (1aa) was found to stimulate partial depolymerization of microtubules of human lung carcinoma A549 cells at a high concentration of 100 µM and to totally inhibit cell growth (IC50 = 0.99 µM) and cell viability (IC50 = 0.271 µM) in the nanomolar to submicromolar concentration range. These data provide evidence of the multitarget profile of the cytotoxic action of compound 1aa. The SAR study demonstrated that the 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl residue is the key structural parameter determining the efficiency both towards tubulin and other molecular targets. The cytotoxicity of 3‐methyl‐N‐[5‐methyl‐3‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol‐4‐yl]benzamide (1ab) to the androgen‐sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma cancer cell line LNCaP (IC50 = 0.301 µM) was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that to the conditionally normal cells lines WI‐26 VA4 (IC50 = 2.26 µM) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (IC50 = 5.58 µM) and significantly higher than that to primary fibroblasts (IC50 > 75 µM).
Antibacterial and anticancer profiling of new benzocaine derivatives: Design, synthesis, and molecular mechanism of action
Authors: El‐Zahabi Heba S. A. , Nossier Eman S. , Mousa Safya M. , Hassan Heba , Shalaby AL Shimaa G. , Arafa Reem K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe need for new chemotherapeutics to overcome development of resistance merits research to discover new agents. Benzocaine derivatives are essential compounds in medicinal chemistry due to their various biological activities including antibacterial and anticancer activities. Therefore, this study focuses on the synthesis of new benzocaine derivatives 3a–e, 6, 7a and 7b, 8, 10–14, and 16a–d and their in vitro evaluation as antibacterial agents against gram +ve and –ve strains and as anticancer agents against HepG‐2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7 human cancer cell lines. The obtained results demonstrated that thiazolidines 6 and 7b showed higher antibacterial and anticancer activity in comparison with the reference drugs. In addition, 6 and 7b showed high potency as inhibitors toward their biological targets, that is DNA gyrase and human topoisomerase IIα, as compared to the reference standard drugs novobiocin and etoposide, respectively. Molecular docking demonstrated that both compounds could identify the active site of their target enzymes and develop effective binding interactions. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) and drug‐likeness predictions of both compounds showed that they both have good ADME profiles and no structural alerts that might cause toxicity. Based on this, 6 and 7b could serve as lead compounds for the design of more potent antibacterial and anticancer agents.