bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐ and inter‐annual variability of nitrification in the rhizosphere of field‐grown bioenergy sorghum
Authors: Burnham Mark B. , Simon Sandra J. , Lee DoKyoung , Kent Angela D. , DeLucia Evan H. , Yang Wendy H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiological nitrification inhibition (BNI) and plant–microbe competition for ammonium (NH4+) by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) have the potential to suppress nitrification, reducing nitrate (NO3−) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production for more sustainable bioenergy feedstock production. However, it is unknown how variability in environmental factors, field management, and plant growth affect the suppression of nitrification. We conducted a field trial with four genotypes of energy sorghum and four fertilization rates in central Illinois, USA, and measured soil N pools, potential nitrification and denitrification rates, and microbial community composition in bulk and rhizosphere soils to assess nitrification suppression throughout the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Concentrations of NO3−and NH4+were very low in rhizosphere soil regardless of fertilization level, suggesting strong N demand by plants and microbes. Potential nitrification was lower in the rhizosphere soil than bulk soil, and this suppression was strongest mid‐season ~2 months after planting in both years (20% suppression in 2018 and 58% in 2019). Since precipitation was lower during the mid‐growing season of 2019 compared to 2018, we speculate that hydrophilic BNI root exudates accumulated in the rhizosphere and suppressed nitrification more than in 2018 when soil moisture was higher. Unfertilized plots had greater nitrification suppression than fertilized plots during the mid‐season in 2018, but otherwise nitrification suppression was insensitive to fertilizer treatment. Potential denitrification was stimulated in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil in both study years, suggesting that heterotrophic activity was stimulated by plant carbon inputs, possibly further suppressing slower‐growing chemoautotrophic nitrifying microbes. Overall, we found inter‐ and intra‐annual variation in nitrification suppression in the rhizosphere of field‐grown biomass sorghum, suggesting that plant phenology and environmental conditions should be considered when devising strategies to improve the nitrogen sustainability of this annual bioenergy crop.
Prevalence of chewing difficulty in older people in long‐term care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abreu Maria Helena Dantas , da Silva Anayza Priscila Lourenço , Cavalcanti Renata Veiga Andersen , Cecilio Hallak Regalo Simone , Siéssere Selma , Gonçalves Flávio Magno , de Araujo Cristiano Miranda , Taveira Karinna Veríssimo Meira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany factors can influence chewing, including age. The ageing process causes morphophysiological changes in the body, including in the performance of the stomatognathic system, which directly affect chewing and swallowing.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of chewing difficulty in older people in long‐term care.MethodsWe searched six electronic databases and the grey literature. Qualitative and quantitative analyses, including risk of bias, were performed on studies that met the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis of proportions with a random effects model was performed, and heterogeneity was explored by meta‐regression. Risk of bias was determined using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist. The certainty of evidence was verified using the GRADE tool.ResultsTwelve articles were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate was 35% (95% confidence interval, 0.19‐0.54). As heterogeneity still persisted even after sensitivity analysis, the predictors of mean sample age and sample size were meta‐regressed to assess whether these covariates explained the variance between effect sizes. The covariable sample size of the study included in the analysis explained 84.3% of the heterogeneity existing in the analysis (R2 = 84.3%; P = .0008). The risk of bias was low in three studies, eight studies had a moderate risk of bias and one study had a high risk of bias. As for the prevalence of chewing difficulty, the GRADE criteria were considered very low.ConclusionAbout one in three older people in long‐term care have difficulty in chewing.
Bone mineral density in haemophilia – a multicentre study evaluating the impact of different replacement regimens
Authors: Klintman Jenny , Akesson Kristina E , Holme Pål André , Fischer Kathelijn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate if prophylactic treatment in severe haemophilia impact on bone mineral densisty (BMD) in adults with haemophilia A/B.MethodsSubjects with haemophilia (n = 120) underwent bone‐density measurement and clinical data was collected. BMD in subjects with severe haemophilia on high‐dose prophylaxis (n = 41) was compared to BMD in subjects with mild haemophilia (n = 33) and to severe haemophilia treated with intermediate‐dose prophylaxis (n = 32) or on‐demand replacement therapy (n = 14).ResultsSubjects with severe haemophilia on high‐dose prophylaxis showed BMD at total hip comparable to subjects with mild haemophilia (median BMD 955.8 and 977.4 mg/cm2 (P = .17), respectively). No difference in BMD was found related to type of prophylactic regimen (median BMD 955.8 and 942.4 mg/cm2, in high‐dose and intermediate dose groups, respectively; P = .70). Subjects with severe disease treated on‐demand had significantly lower BMD compared to subjects on a high‐dose prophylactic regimen (median BMD 771.8 and 955.8 mg/cm2 (P = .001), respectively). BMD decreased significantly with age, regardless of severity of haemophilia disease. In a multivariate analysis, adjusted for disease status and age, type of prophylactic regimen was not significantly associated with osteoporosis development.ConclusionWe show that BMD differs in persons with severe haemophilia on propylaxis as compared to those treated on‐demand, but that type of prophylactic regimen does not reflect on BMD. The difference between treatment groups was mainly explained by an age difference between groups. However, patients on prophylaxis displayed a high degree of normal BMD not far from mild haemophilia at comparative age.
Die Bruder‐Problematik in Thomas Manns »Fiorenza« und im Essay über den Künstler und den Literaten
Authors: Banuls André 
Published: January 2022

In Thomas Manns eigenen Interpretationen seines Theaterstücks erscheint Savonarola manchmal als sein Fürsprecher, ein andermal sieht er in ihm den politischen Agitator, den er in seinem Bruder eine Zeitlang verurteilte. Dies ist auf die lange Zeit, die zwischen Konzeption und endgültiger Fertigstellung des Stückes verlief, zurückzuführen. Thomas Manns ‘Notizbücher’ beleuchten diese Entwicklung.Der zweite Teil des Aufsatzes interpretiert den nie untersuchten Essay von 1913 über den Künstler und den Literaten. In verschlüsselter, nicht leicht durchschaubarer Form werden hier zwei Typen von Literatur gegenübergestellt: der »Künstler« ist objektiv‐humorvoll, der »Literat« steht im Dienst politischer Anschauungen, die, falls er ihnen wirklich folgen würde, ihn zur Toleranz und »Güte« führen müßten, was TM aber gerade bei seinem Bruder am ehesten vermißt, wenn er ihn auch zuletzt (anonym) noch beschwört, diese Tugenden zu praktizieren. Dies alles kurz vor dem offenen Konflikt der Kriegsjahre (Zola‐Essay und Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen).
Single‐cell RNA‐seq reveals altered NK cell subsets and reduced levels of cytotoxic molecules in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ren Conglin , Li Mingshuang , Zheng Yang , Cai Bingbing , Du Weibin , Zhang Helou , Wu Fengqing , Tong Mengsha , Lin Fu , Wang Jinfu , Quan Renfu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown aetiology. To unravel the mechanisms mediating AS pathogenesis, we profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AS patients and healthy subjects using 10X single‐cell RNA sequencing. The frequencies of immune cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry. NK cells were purified from PBMCs using isolation kit and were examined for gene expression by RT‐qPCR. Plasma levels of cytolytic molecules were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Compared to healthy controls, AS patients showed a significant decrease in total NK cells as well as CD56dim NK subset, whereas CD56bright NK cells were increased. Additionally, impaired expression of cytotoxic genes in NK cells of AS patients was observed by bioinformatics algorithm and verified by RT‐qPCR and flow cytometry. Consistent with changes in transcriptomics, we found decreased plasma levels of granzymes, but not granulysin, in AS patients. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between plasma GZMB levels and disease activity (r = −0.5275, p = 0.0358). No correlation was observed between plasma cytolytic molecules and biochemical indexes (ESR and CRP). Our findings uncover altered NK cell subsets and cytotoxic profiles in peripheral circulation of AS patients at single‐cell resolution.
Microstructural considerations for novel lithium disilicate glass ceramics: A review
Authors: Phark Jin‐Ho , Duarte Sillas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review the ultrastructural characteristics of novel lithium disilicate based glass ceramics (LDC), how their manufacturing process influences their structure and their clinical use.OverviewLithium disilicate based glass ceramic has been successfully used for indirect restorations ranging from partial tooth coverage up to tooth replacement for over 20 years. It combines esthetic and mechanical properties, unlike any other indirect material which makes it an indispensable part of esthetic and restorative dentistry. Recently, novel LDCs have been introduced to the market. Parameters for their use and their microstructure are still not been widely known. This article will review these materials and highlight with high‐resolution scanning electron microscopic images their structural aspects and their resulting clinical relevance.ConclusionRestorations made from LDCs are reliable and can be predictably used only when proper guidelines and protocols during manufacturing and clinical use are followed. For novel LDCs manufacturing and long‐term bonding protocols still must be established. Moreover, novel LDCs machinable blocks should be crystallized or heat‐treated after milling for superior performance.Clinical significanceWith more and newer etchable LDC materials entering the market, clinicians and technicians need to be aware of the differences in manufacturing and the resulting microstructure to ensure a successful treatment outcome that will last.
Navigation guided socket‐shield technique for implant and pontic sites in the esthetic zone: A proof‐of‐concept 1‐year prospective study with immediate implant placement and loading
Authors: Pozzi Alessandro , Arcuri Lorenzo , Kan Joseph , Londono Jimmy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess clinical, radiological performance of novel navigation guided socket‐shield technique (NSS) with immediate implant placement and loading.Materials and MethodsEighteen patients (12 females; age 52.54 ± 4.92; 33–72) treated between January 2018 and June 2019, were investigated, and followed for at least 1 year after definitive prosthesis placement (mean 20.1 months, 18–23). Primary outcomes: implant and prosthetic success rates, surgical, biologic, prosthetic complications. Secondary outcomes: marginal bone loss (MBL), implant stability quotient (ISQ), pink esthetic score (PES), plaque and bleeding indexes.ResultsSixty‐nine navigation guided socket‐shield procedures were performed (27 implant‐sites and 42 pontic‐sites) and 27 implants (NobelParallel, NobelBiocare AG) positioned and immediately loaded. Mean insertion torque and ISQ at implant positioning were 49 ± 5.34 Ncm (36–74), 73 ± 5.72 (68–81). No implant failure was experienced. Two root‐shield exposures with mucositis, ulceration and bleeding were reported at two pontic‐sites (2.9%) and successfully treated. No complications were experienced at implant‐site leading to an overall NSS success‐rate of 100%. No prosthetic complications occurred. Mean MBL was −0.72 ± 0.26 mm (−0.42 to −1.06 mm). PES final at the last follow‐up 12.84 ± 0.92. The plaque and bleeding scores were 18.5 ± 6.12 and 3.15 ± 2.21.ConclusionsWithin study limitations, dynamic navigation was effective to streamline execution of socket‐shield technique at implant and pontic sites, shortening treatment time and reducing complications. Navigation guided socket‐shield technique was reliable to achieve digitally planned shield‐to‐implant distance, facilitate immediate implant placement and loading and establish the mucosal dimension needed for underlying bone‐to‐implant protection and esthetic integration.Clinical SignificanceThe investigated NSS technique overcomes the difficulties related to root preparation at implant and pontic‐sites, facilitating immediate implant placement and loading. Dynamic guided surgery contributed to make socket‐shield technique less technical‐sensitive, shortening time for execution, reducing complication rate.
Somatic infraciliature in tintinnid ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Spirotricha): An ultrastructural comparison*
Authors: Agatha Sabine , Gruber Michael S. , Bartel Heidi , Weißenbacher Birgit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA recent ultrastructural study on the tintinnid ciliate Schmidingerella meunieri displayed unique types of somatic kinetids. The dikinetids (paired basal bodies) have, besides kinetodesmal fibrils and transverse ribbons, some special features, that is, overlapping postciliary ribbons and three extraordinary microtubular ribbons, which together form a conspicuous network in the ciliated anterior cell portion. The distribution of this feature among tintinnids is studied in chemically fixed and ultrathin‐sectioned specimens from six genera and five families collected in European coastal waters. The taxa are scattered across the molecular tree. Actually, the somatic kinetids of these six genera share the special features discovered in S. meunieri. Accordingly, the overlapping postciliary ribbons and the three extraordinary ribbons were already present in the early stages of tintinnid evolution, namely in the last common ancestor of tintinnids with hard loricae. Owing to the lack of ultrastructural data in the basally branching Tintinnidiidae with their soft loricae and in aloricate choreotrichids other than the aberrant strobilidiids, the first appearance of the structures is still uncertain. The related oligotrichids do not possess overlapping postciliary ribbons, but show electron‐dense material at the sites where the ribbons I–III originate in tintinnids. None of these features is found in any other spirotrich ciliate.
Assembly of yield heterosis of an elite rice hybrid is promising by manipulating dominant quantitative trait loci
Authors: Shen Guojing , Hu Wei , Wang Xianmeng , Zhou Xiangchun , Han Zhongming , Sherif Ahmed , Ayaad Mohammed , Xing Yongzhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the past, rice hybrids with strong heterosis have been obtained empirically, by developing and testing thousands of combinations. Here, we aimed to determine whether heterosis of an elite hybrid could be achieved by manipulating major quantitative trait loci. We used 202 chromosome segment substitution lines from the elite hybrid Shanyou 63 to evaluate single segment heterosis (SSH) of yield per plant and identify heterotic loci. All nine detected heterotic loci acted in a dominant fashion, and no SSH exhibited overdominance. Functional alleles of key yield‐related genes Ghd7, Ghd7.1, Hd1, and GS3 were dispersed in both parents. No functional alleles of three investigated genes were expressed at higher levels in the hybrids than in the more desirable parents. A hybrid pyramiding eight heterotic loci in the female parent Zhenshan 97 background had a comparable yield to Shanyou 63 and much higher yield than Zhenshan 97. Five hybrids pyramiding eight or nine heterotic loci in the combined parental genome background showed similar yield performance to that of Shanyou 63. These results suggest that dominance underlying functional complementation is an important contributor to yield heterosis and that heterosis assembly might be successfully promised by manipulating several major dominant heterotic loci.
Transgender man receiving testosterone treatment became pregnant and delivered a girl: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Atsuko , Kaji Takashi , Imaizumi Junki , Shirakawa Aya , Suga Kenichi , Nakagawa Ryuji , Maeda Kazuhisa , Irahara Minoru , Iwasa Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany transgender men receive testosterone therapy to achieve virilization. The therapy is often mistaken for having a contraceptive effect because it causes amenorrhea. However, some treated patients become pregnant, which is not well known. A 25‐year‐old transgender man who had received testosterone for 3 years had an unplanned pregnancy during discontinuation of treatment. He was unaware of his pregnancy, resumed testosterone, and continued treatment until pregnancy was confirmed. His female child was exposed to androgens during the fetal period; thus, careful, long‐term observation was required. He developed insomnia and depression during the postpartum, and giving birth made it difficult for him to change his family register to male. Transgender men can become pregnant through sexual intercourse with biological men, even during hormone replacement therapy, so correct contraception is necessary to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Transgender sex education is important to increase awareness of this issue among individuals and medical professionals.
Cephalic version by postural management in the lateral position without the knee‐chest position for primiparous breech presentation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shinmura Hiroki , Matsushima Takashi , Okuda Naofumi , Watanabe Asako , Nagashima Asako , Yamada Mayu , Harigane Eika , Tsunoda Youhei , Ichikawa Go , Suzuki Shunji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the efficacy of postural management in the lateral position for primiparous breech presentation.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institution from January 2020 through December 2020. Participants were singleton primiparous pregnant women diagnosed with breech presentation between 28 + 0 and 29 + 6 weeks of gestation. The exclusion criteria were scheduled cesarean delivery, uterine malformation, transverse position, and scheduled delivery at another hospital. A doctor instructed the women in the intervention group to lie on their right sides several times a day if the fetal back was on the left side or lie on their left sides if the fetal back was on the right side. The knee‐chest position and other methods were not recommended. The control group received expectant management care. The primary endpoint was the percentage of fetuses in a cephalic presentation 2 weeks later.ResultsOf the 56 women included in the study, 17 women were instructed to lie in the lateral position, and 39 women received expectant management care only. After 2 weeks, women who were instructed to lie in lateral position had a higher rate of fetal cephalic version than the control group (82.4% [14/17] vs. 43.6% [17/39], p = 0.017). No study participants experienced adverse effects.ConclusionsTwo weeks of postural management in the lateral position without the knee‐chest position significantly reduced the rate of primiparous breech presentation in the third trimester of pregnancy.
On Weber, Pathogens, and Culture: A Global Empirical Analysis of Religion and Individualism
Authors: Ciftci Sabri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCollectivism‐individualism framework is widely employed to explain differences in economic development and democratization. However, little empirical work has been done about the religious microfoundations of this framework. This study closes this gap by providing a global empirical analysis of religion and individualism. Distinguishing between piety and religious identity, the study proposes theoretical mechanisms linking religion to varieties of individualism controlling for diffusive effects of denominational size and collectivism inducing exogenous factors. A series of multilevel model estimations using the World Values Surveys along with denominational composition and historical pathogen prevalence confirm that religiosity inhibits social and expressive individualism but engenders economic individualism. Some support is found for Weber's religious ethic thesis as differences emerge among religious denominations. Pathogen prevalence and denominational size somewhat strengthens the negative correlation between religiosity and individualism. These results are robust to alternative specifications and have significant implications about the role of religiosity in shaping individualistic attitudes.
Risk factors associated with short‐term mortality and recurrence of status epilepticus in dogs
Authors: Fentem Rory , de Stefani Alberta , Quintana Rodrigo Gutierrez , Alcoverro Emili , Jones Gareth Michael Couper , Amengual‐Batle Pablo , Gonçalves Rita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStatus epilepticus (SE) is an emergency associated with serious consequences for both patient and owner. Data regarding risk factors for short‐term mortality or recurrence in dogs with SE is limited.ObjectiveIdentify risk factors associated with short‐term mortality (euthanasia or spontaneous death) and recurrence of SE in dogs.AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐four client‐owned dogs that sustained an episode of SE.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study using data collected from medical records of dogs presented in SE to the contributing institutions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using a manual backwards stepwise approach to identify risk factors associated with short‐term mortality and recurrence of SE after discharge.ResultsShort‐term mortality for affected dogs was 29.8%. Factors significantly associated with short‐term mortality included increased patient age, shorter duration of hospitalization, development of SE before arrival, and SE caused by a potentially fatal etiology. Status epilepticus recurred in 27% of dogs that survived to discharge. Factors significantly associated with recurrence of SE included prior history of pharmacoresistant epilepsy and predominance of a focal seizure phenotype.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur results may be used to inform clinicians and dog owners regarding risk factors for both short‐term mortality and recurrence in dogs with SE.