bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AFFECTING DAIRY PRODUCTION AMONG DAIRY COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KENYA
Authors: Dr. Jefferson M. K Dr. Jefferson M. K 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Kenya’s population has continued to increase both in the rural and urban areas, with the latest population estimates showing that Kenya’s population is now over 39.8 million people. The high population creates market and price incentive for dairy production. This increased demand should trigger a corresponding increase in production. However, the gap still exists in regard to supply and demand. For this reason, the researcher therefore sought to carry out a study to determine the factors that influence dairy productivity
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Results: The study found that various factors influenced dairy milk productivity such as the social economic, cattle breeds and breeding systems, availability and cost of inputs and the adoption of technology.
Unique Contribution to Theory and Practices: Sensitization should be carried out to increase the participation of youth and women in dairy farming. Farmers should be encouraged to have succession plans in place for continuity of the dairy industry by involving their children in dairy farming. The National government, county Government and Non-Governmental organizations should look for ways of subsidizing the cost of Artificial insemination Services.
Equilibrium Moisture Content Modeling and Study of Circulating-Bed Drying Kinetics of Non-Fragrant and Fragrant Paddy Varieties
Authors: Taveesuvun Chitsanu , Tirawanichakul Supawan , Tirawanichakul Yutthana 
Published: June 2022

Due to maintaining good quality of rice grain kernel varieties during post-harvesting and in-store period, the thermos-physical properties which relate to surrounding conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of each rice variety are essential, especially on its moisture content and diffusion mechanism. Therefore, the main objectives of this research are to determination of the thermo-physical properties (in terms of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and effective diffusivity (Deff)) of local non-glutinous GorKhor55 (RD55) and Hom Thammasat (HT) paddy varieties and to field experiment study of the small-scale circulating-bed dryer with capacity of 1 - 1.5 ton. The EMC experiment using gravitational method is carried on and the experimental results are simulated by non-linear regression analysis. The results show that the predicted data using Modified Oswin model is the most suitable fitting to the exact EMC data for both paddy varieties. The effective diffusivity of both paddy varieties is the function of inlet drying temperature. For the last purpose of this work, the drying kinetics of RD55 and HT paddy varieties with initial moisture content (MC) of 20.1 and 24.6 % dry-basis, respectively are studied using the circulating-bed technique. The inlet drying temperature is set as 45 and 55 °C including operation conditions of 1 stage and 2 stages circulating-bed drying. The inlet air velocity is fixed at 0.41 m/s and the grain mass flow rate of circulation is 0.23 kg/s. The desired final MC after drying of each experiment is in ranges of 16.5 - 16.8 % dry-basis. All of experimental data are non-linear regression analyzed by conventional drying equation models and the simulation results stated that the most suitable model for the circulating-bed drying of RD55 variety with inlet drying temperature of 45 and 55 °C is the Logarithmic and Approximation of diffusion model, respectively.
HIGHLIGHTS

The special parameter of equilibrium moisture content value of these two rice varieties have been firstly determined
The compact circulating-bed dryer with LPG fuel source for farmer community has been tested and run. The drying kinetics models for both rice varieties were evaluated among drying temperature of 45 - 50 deg. Celsius
From the Fick’s law of diffusion, the effective diffusion coefficient of the rice varieties were determined and formulated the relationship between this coefficient and drying temperature
Efecto de un programa de actividad física basado en juegos de alta intensidad sobre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y variables antropométricas en adolescentes
Authors: Fernández-Valero Paz , Bezerra Andrea , Reyes-Amigo Tomás 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un programa de actividad física (AF) basado en juegos de alta intensidad aplicado en las clases de Educación Física (EF) sobre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (ACR) y marcadores antropométricos en adolescentes. Métodos:Participaron 20 estudiantes (12 varones) divididos en un grupo experimental (GE) y un grupo control (GC). El GE realizó un programa de AF basado en juegos de alta intensidad (100-120% Velocidad Aeróbica Máxima) por ocho semanas con una frecuencia de dos veces por semana. El GC siguió sus clases de EF regulares. Antes y después de la intervención los participantes realizaron el test de ACR (20 metros ida y vuelta), marcadores antropométricos; índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC) y el porcentaje de grasa. Se utilizó ANOVA de medidas repetidas para determinar el efecto principal de la intervención y la interacción entre los grupos de estudio (GE y CG) sobre el tiempo (pre-post). El tamaño del efecto fue calculado usando la d de Cohen. Resultados: Respecto de la ACR se observó una interacción significativa de tiempo × grupo (p= 0,001), es decir, el GE aumentó, mientras que el GC disminuyó. El IMC no presentó una evolución significativamente diferente entre los grupos (p=0,667). Respecto de la CC, no se reportó una interacción significativa entre los grupos (p=0,422). En cuanto al porcentaje de grasa, tampoco reportó una interacción significativa (p=0,062). Conclusión: La aplicación de un programa de AF basado en juegos de alta intensidad incrementa significativamente la ACR en comparación al GC en un grupo de adolescentes.
TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION IN NARRATIVE TEXT THROUGH SKIMMING AND SCANNING
Authors: Basri Megawati , Daim Nurlaila , Martora Jasmal 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to see how successful skimming and scanning techniques are at improving students' reading comprehension. This study employed a pre-test and post-test control group design. The research subjects were first-year students from SMP Unggulan Negeri 1 Pulau Morotai. There were 66 students in all, divided into two groups of equal size: an experimental group and a control group. The results show that students or (33) got deficient levels in the control class. After the students were taught by using the conventional method, there was no improvement. While in the experimental group pre-test results showed that 100 percent of students (33) scored 0-54. After skimming and scanning techniques was applied the students’ score in reading comprehension were higher, this can be seen in the figure, from 100 percent of students (33) 64 percent students who got poor level (0-54), 24 percent students got moderate level, while in the range of scores from 70 to 84, there were 12 students. From these findings, skimming and scanning techniques were clearly beneficial in improving students' reading comprehension.
Pemberian Topikal Ekstrak Etanol Buah Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Konsentrasi 50% Lebih Menurunkan Makrofag Dan Neutrofil Daripada Povidone Iodine Untuk Penyembuhan Radang Mukosa Mulut Tikus Putih Jantan
Authors: Sudirman Putu Lestari , Pertiwi Ni Kd. Fiora Rena , Pradnyani I G.A. Sri 
Published: June 2022

Dental procedure sometimes can cause injury to the oral mucosa either intentionally or unintentionally. Inflammation on mucosa of the mouth / stomatitis is an inflammation that occurs in the oral mucosa, usually form of a yellowish white spots. These patches can be single or multiple. Inflammation on the mucosa of the mouth can affect the mucous membranes of the inner cheek, inner lip, tongue, gums and palate in the oral cavity. This study uses an Experimental Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design on 32 male rats that had been induced by H2O2, causing inflammation of the lower labial mucosa, Sample were divided into two treatment groups, each group of 16 rats. Control group get Povidone Iodine for 3 days, and the treatment group was given ethanol extract 50 % of fennel fruit for 3 days. On day 7 rats euthanized for taking the oral mucosal tissue and then made histology preparations with HE staining. Data were analyzed, with Shapiro-Wilk normality test and followed by independent T-test.The mean macrophages and neutrophils significantly different (p <0.05). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of 50% fennel fruit, can reduce macrophages and neutrophils than Povidone Iodine, so the inflammatory process can be shorter and healing process more quickly.
Hubungan Antara Gigi Impaksi Molar Ketiga Dengan Kejadian Karies Molar Kedua Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Dan Usia Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
Authors: Arisetiadi Komang Ngurah Arya , Hutomo Louise Cinthia , Septarini Ni Wayan 
Published: June 2022

Impaksi merupakan suatu keadaan patologis di mana gigi tidak dapat erupsi karena pertumbuhannya terhalang hingga mengakibatkan gigi tidak dapat keluar atau tumbuh secara normal. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi karena tidak tersedianya ruangan yang cukup pada rahang dan angulasi yang tidak benar dari gigi tersebut, letaknya yang tidak normal juga menyebabkan adanya celah di antara gigi sebelahnya yang bisa menjadi tempat terselipnya makanan atau bakteri, sehingga susah untuk dibersihkan. Sisa makanan yang terselip tersebut akan membusuk dan menyebabkan rasa sakit juga bisa menyebabkan karies pada gigi molar kedua. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gigi impaksi molar ketiga dengan kejadian karies molar kedua pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana tahun 2016. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling, sampel penelitian mengambil 84 responden mahasiswa di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana angkatan 2013, jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional analitik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kasus gigi impaksi molar ketiga dengan kejadian karies molar kedua paling banyak dialami pada laki-laki sebanyak 17 (40.5%) berusia 21 dan 22 tahun 24 (30.8%). Kasus gigi impaksi molar ketiga dengan kejadian karies molar kedua paling banyak dialami pada laki-laki sebanyak 17 (40.5%) berusia 21 dan 22 tahun 24 (30.8%). Untuk mencegah timbulnya karies yang terjadi pada gigi molar kedua bagian distal maka dianjurkan melakukan tindakan pencabutan atau bedah gigi impaksi molar ketiga (odontektomi) dilanjutkan perawatan gigi yang mengalami karies.
Tingkat kepuasan pasien peserta JKN terhadap kualitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas 1 Denpasar Timur
Authors: Sarasija Ida Ayu Indira , Handoko Steffano Aditya , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri 
Published: June 2022

Background: Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur has the third highest patient visits in Denpasar, and the majority of the patient visits in Dental Care Unit are JKN patients. This condition should be conducted with good quality of oral health care and the quality can be assessed through patient satisfaction. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the satisfaction level among JKN participantâ€™s patients toward dental and oral health care in Dental Care Unit of Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur. Methods: This study was using a descriptive quantitative with cross-sectional design and a consecutive sampling was conducted on 97 patients. Data were obtained through questionnaires developed from the Donabedian service quality framework, and the results of the study were analyzed using univariate method. Results: The results of this study showed that 77,3% of the patient are satisfied with oral health care in Dental Care Unit of Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur. 92,8% of JKN patients were satisfied with healthcare structure variable and 75,3% JKN patients were satisfied with healthcare process variable. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the majority of JKN patients are satisfied with oral health care in Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur, but the management of Puskesmas I Denpasar Timur still needs some improvement on the quality of dental and oral healthcare especially for the interaction aspect between health workers and patients.
Uji efektifitas antibakteri ekstrak buah jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans in vitro
Authors: Parama Putu Wiswananta , Sukrama I Dewa Made , Handoko Steffano Aditya 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Lime fruit has been used by the society in order to prevent and cure many disease that caused by bacteria, fungus and virus infection. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) contain some active compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, saponin, tannin and phenolic that can inhibit the growth of bacteria. Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-Positive, facultative anaerobe bacteria that caused dental caries. The aim of this study is to know whether lime (Citrus aurantifolia) extract has an effect on Streptococcus mutans growth in vitro.
Method: An experimental research has been done using Post Test Only Control Group Design method with lime (Citrus aurantifolia) extract that its antibacterial effectivity was tested on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668. The test method used was Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion on Muller Hinton blood agar media. The lime extract on this research obtained using maseration method with methanol 98% as the solvent. The concentration created was 40%, 60%, and 80%. Positive control used was Vancomycin and the negative control used was methanol 98%.
Result: The result is inhibition zone that formed around the extract disc was increased with enchancement of the extract concentration. The average of inhibition zone in 40%; 60%; 80% concentration is 14,2; 19,6; 22,6 mm. Statistical test One Way ANOVA showed that p<0.05 that mean there is a significant difference in every extract concentration that inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth in vitro.
Conclusion: Lime fruit extract (Citrus aurantifolia) with a concentration of 40%, 60%, and 80% can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans in vitro.
Efek konsumsi minuman berkarbonasi dan minuman rasa jeruk terhadap ph saliva pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
Authors: Purwanti Lydia Kurnia , Pertiwi Ni Kd. Fiora Rena , Anggaraeni Putu Ika 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Food consumption pattern influences salivary acidity and can directly cause dental health problems. Sugar and acid-containing beverages will alter the salivary pH and make the teeth susceptible to caries and dental erosion. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of consuming carbonated and orange drinks on subjectsâ€™ salivary pH.
Method: Experimental method is used in this study, using pre and posttest control group design comprised 27 subjects divided into 3 groups (A, B and C). Test beverages were carbonated drink, orange drink and plain water as control. Measurement of salivary pH was done before and after intervention at 0 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes. Collected data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests.
Result: There were significant differences of mean salivary pH among these 3 groups at 0 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes (p<0,05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that mean value of subjectsâ€™ baseline salivary pH was 7,20 â€“ 7,36. Mean value of salivary pH after carbonated drink consumption was found lowest at 0 minutes which was 6,67 and after orange drink consumption also found lowest at 0 minutes which was 6,83.
Hubungan early childhood caries (ECC) dengan status gizi anak umur 3-5 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mengwi III Badung
Authors: Sutela I Gede Marantika Yogananda , Rahaswanti L W Ayu , Weta I Wayan 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Early childhool caries (ECC) is a disease that could impairs dental aestethic and social function of children. ECC also cause pain and discomfort in mastication process.The aim of this study was to find out about ECC incidence and nutritional status of those children and investigate the relationship between those two categories.Method: this study was conducted on 107 children aged 3 to 5 years old through multistage sampling and the data was analyzed with Fisherâ€™s Exact test.Result: the result shows that the data from ECC category were distributed greatly at children with ECC group (71%) which divided into 25.2% from ECC type I group, 32.7% from ECC type II group, and 13.1% from ECC type III group. The data from nutritional status category were distributed greatly at children with normal weight group (77.6%).Conclusion: there is no relation between ECC incidence with nutritional status in children aged 3 to 5 years old at Puskesmas Mengwi III Badungâ€™s Work Area (P-value> 0.05), but the data shows that ECC severity tends to increase when the children grows older.

Latar Belakang: Early childhool caries (ECC) merupakan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan masalah pada bidang estetika dan sosial seorang anak. ECC juga dapat menyebabkan nyeri dan ketidaknyamanan dalam makan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian ECC dan gambaran status gizi anak serta hubungan antara ECC dengan status gizi anak umur 3-5 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mengwi III Badung.Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 107 orang anak umur 3 sampai 5 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mengwi III Badung. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah multistage sampling. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Fisherâ€™s Exact.Hasil: Sampel paling banyak terdistribusi pada kategori yang mengalami ECC yaitu sebanyak 71% dengan rincian 25.2% pada ECC kelas I, 32.7% pada kelas II dan 13.1% pada kelas III. Gambaran status gizi menunjukkan sampel paling banyak terdistribusi pada kelompok status gizi normal (77.6%). Simpulan : dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ECC dengan status gizi anak (P-value> 0.05), namun secara keseluruhan tampak adanya kecenderungan semakin bertambahnya umur maka keparahan ECC juga akan meningkat.
Perbandingan efektivitas penggunaan pasta gigi herbal dan non herbal terhadap penurunan indeks plak
Authors: Wulandari Luh Gede Pradnya Jati , Kusumadewi Sari , Sudirman Putu Lestari 
Published: June 2022

Background: Dental plaque is a microbial biofilm, it contains a various microorganism that produce many enzymes, toxins, and lipopolysaccharides. The effective way to remove dental plaque is tooth brushing with dentifrice. Nowadays, there were various herbal and non-herbal dentifrices with the advantages and disadvantages of each dentifrice.Objective: To compare the effectiveness of herbal and non-herbal dentifrices in reducing dental plaque index.Methods: This study used true experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. Thirty four participants were randomly allocated to two groups, the herbal group and the non-herbal group. The subjects were asked to brush twice daily with Ciptadent dentifrices, for 7 days, using Bass technique. Dental plaque index were recorded according to O’Leary Index method. Result: The mean score of dental plaque index at the post-test was found 12.05 ± 6.76 for the herbal group and 26.75 ± 13.20 for the non-herbal group. The independent sample t-test showed a difference in the mean score of dental plaque index in both group was found 14.70 (CI 95%: 7.37-22.03; p=0.007).Conclusion: The herbal dentifrice was more effective in reducing dental plaque index.
Latar belakang: Plak merupakan suatu microbial biofilm, terdiri dari berbagai jenis mikroorganisme yang memproduksi sejumlah enzim, toksin, dan lipopolisakarida. Cara efektif untuk menghilangkan plak adalah dengan menggosok gigi menggunakan pasta gigi. Saat ini terdapat berbagai jenis pasta gigi herbal dan non herbal dengan kelebihan dan kekurangannya masing-masing.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas penggunaan pasta gigi herbal dan non herbal terhadap penurunan indeks plak.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat true experimental dengan rancangan pre-test and post-test control group design. Tiga puluh empat sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok pasta gigi herbal dan non herbal. Sampel diminta untuk menyikat gigi menggunakan pasta gigi Ciptadent yang diberikan sebanyak 2 kali selama 7 hari, menggunakan teknik Bass. Pengukuran indeks plak pre-test dan post-test menggunakan metode O’Leary Index.Hasil: Rerata indeks plak post-test pada kelompok herbal adalah 12,05 ± 6,76 dan pada kelompok non herbal adalah 26,75 ± 13,20. Analisis independent sample t-test menunjukkan beda rerata indeks plak pada kedua kelompok adalah 14,70 (IK 95%: 7,37-22,03; p=0,007).Simpulan: Penggunaan pasta gigi herbal lebih efektif dalam menurunkan indeks plak.
Hubungan motivasi, perilaku menjaga oral hygiene dan indeks plak siswa pengguna piranti ortodontik cekat di SMA se-Kecamatan Bangli
Authors: Widiastri Luh Putu , Anggaraeni Putu Ika , Kurniati Desak Putu Yuli 
Published: June 2022

Background: The success of orthodontic treatment depends on oral hygiene of the patient. Maintaining a good oral hygiene takes a lot of motivation and good behavior. There’s two motivations, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. A good motivation comes from inside (instrinsic motivation) not from outside (extrinsic motivation). Motivation influences a person's behavior to maintain oral hygiene, which is very influential on the success of fixed orthodontic treatment so it needs to be investigated. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between motivation to perform fixed orthodontic treatment, the behavior of maintaining oral hygiene and plaque index. Methods: This study was observational analytic cross-sectional. The 64 participants were students using fixed appliance from senior high school in Bangli District. A questionnaire was used to collect participant’s motivation and behavior. The plaque index was calculated using Modified Sillness-Loe. Result: Chi-square test show there’s significant correlation between instrinsic motivation and plaque index (p<0.05). No significant correlation between extrinsic motivation and plaque index (p>0.05). Significant correlation was found between maintaining oral hygiene behavior and plaque index (p<0.05). Conclusion: intrinsic motivation and behavior of maintaining oral hygiene can affect plaque index.

Latar Belakang: Keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik cekat sangat dipengaruhi oleh oral hygiene dan kooperatif pasien. Pemeliharaan oral hygiene selama perawatan memerlukan motivasi yang kuat dan perilaku menjaga oral hygiene yang baik. Motivasi pasien melakukan perawatan ortodontik cekat terdiri dari dua motivasi yaitu motivasi intrinsik dan motivasi ekstrinsik. Motivasi yang baik berasal dari diri sendiri (intrinsik) bukan dari faktor lingkungan (ekstrinsik). Motivasi mempengaruhi perilaku seseorang menjaga oral hygiene, yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik cekat sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi melakukan perawatan ortodontik cekat, perilaku menjaga oral hygiene dan indeks plak. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 64 siswa pengguna piranti ortodontik cekat di SMA se-Kecamatan Bangli. Data motivasi dan perilaku diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner dan data indeks plak melalui metode Modified Sillness-Loe. Hasil: Hasil analisis Chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi intrinsik terhadap indeks plak (p<0,05). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi ekstrinsik dengan indek plak (p>0,05). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku menjaga oral hygiene terhadap indeks plak (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Motivasi intrinsik dan perilaku menjaga oral hygiene berpengaruh terhadap indeks plak.