bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Web‐Based Advertising and a Social Media Platform as Recruitment Tools for Underserved and Hard‐to‐Reach Populations in Rheumatology Clinical Research
Authors: Tsaltskan Vladislav , Nguyen Katherine , Eaglin Christina , Holers V. Michael , Deane Kevin D. , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTraditional nondigital methods of participant recruitment for clinical research studies in rheumatology can be costly and inefficient, particularly for recruitment of underserved populations. We aimed to address this need by evaluating two methods of online recruitment to an observational cohort of individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis, namely web and Facebook advertisements.MethodsA 3‐month countywide web‐based recruitment campaign was conducted consisting of text and image‐based advertisements. Similar advertisements were subsequently displayed on Facebook, initially in English for 5 months and later in Spanish for an additional 3 months. Individuals who clicked on advertisements were directed to a website landing page containing study information and could contact study personnel to schedule testing for anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide‐3 (CCP3). The primary outcome measure for each campaign was the click‐through rate.ResultsDuring the web campaign, 413,289 advertisement impressions were displayed, resulting in 428 clicks (click‐through rate 0.10%) and only one screened participant. During the English Facebook campaign, 724,815 advertisements were displayed with 6765 clicks (click‐through rate 0.93%) and 43 screened participants, significantly greater than the web campaign (P < 0.001). During the Spanish advertisement campaign, 255,730 Spanish advertisements were displayed, resulting in a click‐through rate of 2.09% and 24 screened participants, a significantly higher rate than English advertisements. Of participants recruited through social media, 94% were female and 29.8% were Spanish speakers.ConclusionFacebook advertisements were superior to web advertisements for participant recruitment. Spanish Facebook advertisements had a greater click‐through rate than English Facebook advertisements. Facebook was an effective recruitment method, particularly for Spanish speakers.
Near‐Infrared‐Enpowered Nanomotor‐Mediated Targeted Chemotherapy and Mitochondrial Phototherapy to Boost Systematic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhang Xueqing , He Qian , Sun Jianfeng , Gong Hanlin , Cao Yingui , Duan Lian , Yi Shixiong , Ying Binwu , Xiao Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhototherapy is an important strategy to inhibit tumor growth and activate antitumor immunity. However, the effect of photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) is restricted by limited tumor penetration depth and unsatisfactory potentiation of antitumor immunity. Here, a near‐infrared (NIR)‐driven nanomotor is constructed with a mesoporous silicon nanoparticle (MSN) as the core, end‐capped with Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ApSF) comprising arginine–glycine–aspartate (RGD) tripeptides. Upon NIR irradiation, the resulting ApSF‐coated MSNs (DIMs) loading with photosensitizers (ICG derivatives, IDs) and chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin, Dox) can efficiently penetrate into the internal tumor tissues and achieve effective phototherapy. Combined with chemotherapy, a triple‐modal treatment (PTT, PDT, and chemotherapy) approach is developed to induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells and to accelerate the release of damage‐associated molecular patterns. In vivo results suggest that DIMs can promote the maturation of dendritic cells and surge the number of infiltrated immune cells. Meanwhile, DIMs can polarize macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotypes and reduce the percentages of immunosuppressive Tregs, which reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and activate systemic antitumor immunity. By achieving synergistic effects on the tumor inhibition and the antitumor immunity activation, DIMs show great promise as new nanoplatforms to treat metastatic breast cancer.
Imidazole‐Modified Lignin as a Suitable Substrate for Synthesis of N and S Co‐Doped Carbon Supported Cobalt Sulfide Dual‐Functional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Qin Hengfei , Luo Shipeng , Li Yan , Zhang Yifan , Dong Ruoyu , Zhou Yang , Luo Jing , Zhu Yeling , Jiang Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hydrogen production by water electrolysis has attracted great research interest as a sustainable approach for clean energy production. However, such process is plagued by the use of high‐cost precious metal‐based catalysts (such as Pt, RuO2). Hereby, the use of a low‐cost Nitrogen and Sulfur co‐doped carbon‐supported cobalt sulfide dual‐functional electrocatalyst derived from imidazole modified lignin for overall water splitting is presented. To introduce nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms in the carbon structure, lignin is modified by imidazolation through thiol‐alkynes click reaction. Imidazole‐lignin shows a strong chelation tendancy with cobalt salt, and N and the S co‐doped cobalt sulfide catalyst (IL‐Co@GC‐PO) is obtained by pyrolysis. The IL‐Co@GC‐PO has an oxygen evolution potential of 1.57 V and a hydrogen evolution overpotential of 204 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. During the overall water splitting process, the IL‐Co@GC‐PO catalysts require only 1.58 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is equivalent to the performance of the system composed of the noble metal Pt/C||RuO2. This work not only provides a strategy for the preparation of N and S co‐doped cobalt sulfide catalysts, but also provides guidance for using lignin as a carbon source to design and develop cheap electrocatalysts.
Functionalization of polyurethane for infection‐resistance surface
Authors: Somani Manali , Mukhopadhyay Samrat , Gupta Bhuvanesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) has an eminence potential to be used as a urinary catheter because of its physicochemical properties. The biofilm accumulation on the surface of polyurethane is the biggest hindrance for its usage as a safe and prolonged catheter. Herein, the antimicrobial polyurethane was developed via wet chemistry method. Alkaline hydrolysis using NaOH was used for the generation of hydrophilic (amine) functionality on polyurethane surface. The reactant concentration and reaction time was investigated in terms of good amine functionality. The amine content at optimized condition was found to be ~4 μM/g in 8 h after treating with 10% NaOH. The surface morphology of hydrolyzed polyurethane was characterized using SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique, which confirmed the formation microdomains on the PU surface due to hydrolysis. Chlorohexidine digluconate (CLX) was used as model drug and CLX was simply incorporated by immersion of the PU in the CLX solution. The immobilization of drug was confirmed using surface chemistry analysis, that is, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping technique. The cumulative release of drug was observed with varying concentration of drug. Excellent bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficiency were observed for drug immobilized polyurethane against both gram‐positive bacteria S. aureus and gram‐negative bacteria E. coli. The designed CLX‐PU film did not allow the bacteria to adhere on its surface and mitigate the risk of biofilm formation.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Serum Urate Levels, Clinical Manifestations of Gout, and Death From Cardiovascular Causes in Patients Receiving Febuxostat or Allopurinol in an Outcomes Trial
Authors: Saag Kenneth G. , Becker Michael A. , White William B. , Whelton Andrew , Borer Jeffrey S. , Gorelick Philip B. , Hunt Barbara , Castillo Majin , Gunawardhana Lhanoo ,   CARES Investigators
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether serum urate levels, number of gout flares, and tophi burden are related to death from cardiovascular (CV) causes after treatment with febuxostat or allopurinol in patients with gout from the Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients With Gout and Cardiovascular Comorbidities (CARES) trial.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to receive febuxostat (40 mg or 80 mg once daily, according to serum urate levels at week 2) or allopurinol titrated in 100‐mg increments from 200–400 mg or 300–600 mg (with dose determined according to kidney function). Changes from baseline in serum urate level, gout flares, and tophus resolution were key exploratory efficacy parameters in the overall population and in subgroups of patients who died and those who did not die from a CV‐related cause. The latter subgroup included patients who died due to non‐CV causes and those who did not die due to any cause.ResultsPatients received treatment with febuxostat (n = 3,098) or allopurinol (n = 3,092) for a median follow‐up period of 32 months (for a maximum of 85 months). In the overall population, mean serum urate levels were lower in those receiving febuxostat compared with those receiving allopurinol at most study visits. There were no associations between serum urate levels and death from CV causes with febuxostat. The number of gout flares requiring treatment was higher within 1 year of treatment with febuxostat compared with allopurinol (mean incidence of gout flares per patient‐years of exposure 1.33 versus 1.20), but was comparable thereafter and decreased overall throughout the study period (mean incidence of gout flares per patient‐years of exposure 0.35 versus 0.34 after 1 year of treatment; overall mean incidence 0.68 versus 0.63) irrespective of whether the patient died from a CV‐related cause. Overall, 20.8% of patients had ≥1 tophus at baseline; tophus resolution rates were similar between treatment groups, with cumulative resolution rates of >50%.ConclusionIn the CARES trial, febuxostat and allopurinol (≤600 mg doses) had comparable efficacy in patients with gout and CV disease, and there was no evidence of a relationship between death from CV causes and serum urate levels, number of gout flares, or tophus resolution among the patients receiving febuxostat.
Roughness Effect of Cu on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction towards C2H4
Authors: Jiang Yong , Zhong Dazhong , Wang Lei , Li Jiayuan , Hao Genyan , Li Jinping , Zhao Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to produce valuable multi‐carbon products is a promising avenue for promoting CO2 conversion and achieving renewable energy storage, and it has also attracted considerable attention recently. However, the synthesis of Cu electrode with a controllable electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) to understand its role in CO2 reduction to C2H4 remains challenging. Herein, a series of Cu electrodes with different ECSA is synthesized through a simple oxidation‐reduction approach. We reveal that the improved selectivity of C2H4 is proportional to the ECSA of Cu in the low ECSA range, and a further increase in ECSA has a negligible effect on its selectivity. The enlarged surface area could strengthen the local pH effect near the surface of Cu electrode and suppress the generation of C1 products as well as H2. The study provides a feasible strategy to rationally design electrocatalysts with high electrochemical CO2 reduction performances.
Strategies towards High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Weret Misganaw Adigo , Su Wei‐Nien , Hwang Bing Joe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRechargeable Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been considered as a potential candidate for next‐generation energy storage technologies because of ultrahigh‐energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) and being lightweight. However, the practical applications of LSBs are currently limited by lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle, continuous electrolyte decomposition, and lithium anode corrosion. These challenges are mainly related to the cathode structure framework, the reactive nature of lithium anode, and the redox reactions occurring at the electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. Proper cathode architecture design, development of novel electrolytes, and anode protection have been developed to improve the electrochemical performance of LSBs. In this review, the working principles and challenges of LSBs are briefly introduced. The strategies to overcome the challenges of LSBs, such as electrode design and modification, development of novel electrolytes, separator modification/functional interlayer insertion, and protection of lithium anode are systematically discussed. The advanced in situ/operando characterization techniques deployed to reveal the redox chemistries of LSBs also summarized. Finally, a summary and future perspective for developing electrode structure, electrolyte engineering, functional interlayers/separators, and anode protection for the practical application of LSBs are provided.
Detektion von Hüllrohren und Bewehrungsstäben und Genauigkeit der Messung von deren Einbautiefen mit Ultraschallecho
Authors: Taffe Alexander , Bernhard Niklas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKlassische Betondeckungsmessgeräte geraten bei Betondeckungen von mehr als 6 bis 7 cm und bei Objekten hinter oberflächennaher Bewehrung an ihre Grenzen. In diesem Beitrag wird für tiefere Objekte primär auf Ultraschall eingegangen und zunächst dessen Einsatzbereich von Radar abgegrenzt. Während die „Betondeckung“ mit max. 6 bis 7 cm nur für die Dauerhaftigkeit von Beton eine Rolle spielt, werden Radar und Ultraschallecho zur Ermittlung der „Einbautiefe“ von Hüllrohren und Bewehrung in deutlich größeren Tiefen verwendet, deren Kenntnis primär für den Nachweis der Standsicherheit von Konstruktionen notwendig ist (ZfPStatik). Dabei entscheiden Prüfaufgabe und Randbedingungen, welches Verfahren zum Einsatz kommt. Durch systematische Untersuchungen an Betonbauteilen und der Variation von Verlegedichte der Bewehrung an der Oberfläche, Einbautiefe, Stababstand der zu detektierenden Bewehrung und deren Durchmesser werden Leistungsfähigkeit und Grenzen von Ultraschall in Echo‐Anordnung (Sender und Empfänger eines Arrays auf einer Seite des Bauteils) hinsichtlich der Detektierbarkeit von Hüllrohren und Bewehrungsstäben aufgezeigt und die Genauigkeit der Messung der Einbautiefe ermittelt. Diese Erkenntnisse zu Ultraschall werden abschließend im Vergleich zur Leistungsfähigkeit von Radar und magnetisch induktiven Verfahren eingeordnet, die bereits in vorangegangenen Beiträgen behandelt wurden. Durch die zusammenfassende Betrachtung am Ende dieses Beitrags soll es dem Anwender erleichtert werden, das für seine Prüfaufgabe und Randbedingungen am besten geeignete Verfahren auszuwählen und realistische Erwartungen an die erzielbaren Ergebnisse zu stellen.
A 3′‐end capture sequencing method for high‐throughput targeted gene expression profiling
Authors: de Bony Eric , Gysens Fien , Yigit Nurten , Anckaert Jasper , Everaert Celine , Vanden Eynde Eveline , Verniers Kimberly , van Snippenberg Willem , Trypsteen Wim , Mestdagh Pieter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMolecular phenotyping through shallow 3′‐end RNA‐sequencing workflows is increasingly applied in the context of large‐scale chemical or genetic perturbation screens to study disease biology or support drug discovery. While these workflows enable accurate quantification of the most abundant genes, they are less effective for applications that require expression profiling of low abundant transcripts, like long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), or selected gene panels. To tackle these issues, we describe a workflow combining 3′‐end library preparation with 3′‐end hybrid capture probes and shallow RNA‐sequencing for cost‐effective, targeted quantification of subsets of (low abundant) genes across hundreds to thousands of samples. To assess the performance of the method, we designed a capture probe set for more than 100 mRNA and lncRNA target genes and applied the workflow to a cohort of 360 samples. When compared to standard 3′‐end RNA‐sequencing, 3′‐end capture sequencing resulted in a more than 200‐fold enrichment of target gene abundance while conserving relative intergene and intersample abundances. 3′‐end RNA capture sequencing enables accurate targeted gene expression profiling at extremely shallow sequencing depth.
Geometric structural insights for enhanced radiative efficiency: Spiro[fluorene–carbazole]‐based ortho‐carboranyl luminophores
Authors: Ryu Chan Hee , Lee Seok Ho , Kim Mingi , Lee Kang Mun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe herein report the preparation of two compounds (C1 and C2) with an ortho‐carborane cage appended at the C4‐position of the fluorene (C1) or carbazole (C2) moiety of their spiro[fluorene–carbazole] scaffolds. Photoluminescence spectra of both compounds in solution at 298 K did not demonstrate any emissive trace; however, those of both compounds in solution at 77 K and in the film state exhibited strong orange emission. Interestingly, the quantum efficiency and radiative decay constant of C2 in the film state were much higher than that of C1. This distinctly showed that the position of the o‐carborane unit on the scaffold strongly affected the efficiency of the radiative decay process based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions. These findings revealed that that the electronic environment of the scaffold‐molecule linked with the o‐carborane cage plays an important role to control the ICT‐based radiative decay process.
The strategic choice of payment method in takeovers: The role of environmental, social and governance performance
Authors: Hussaini Mussa , Rigoni Ugo , Perego Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPayment method choice in takeovers is mainly driven by both asymmetric information between the acquirer and the target and the acquirer's financial capability. In this paper, we examine whether increased transparency and better access to finance induced by environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance are associated with the strategic choice of payment method in takeovers. More specifically, we investigate how the acquirer's and the target's ESG coverage and different levels of ESG performance affect the probability of cash offers in a sample of 836 US takeovers from 1992 to 2014. In examining the target, our results suggest that ESG coverage is positively associated with the probability of cash offers, whereas we find a negative relationship for ESG concerns and no effect for ESG strengths. Upon examining the acquirer, ESG coverage and ESG concerns both increase the probability of cash offers; however, we do not find results supporting our prediction regarding the acquirer's ESG strengths. We infer that ESG coverage and level affect strategic considerations in the choice of the payment method in takeovers because they not only reduce information asymmetry, but also enhance financing capability.
Establishment of an age‐ and tumor microenvironment‐related gene signature for survival prediction in prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Meng , Zhou Jun , Zhang Li , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) increases with age, and age and tumor microenvironment (TME) have important roles in the development of PCa, while the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.Materials and methodThe Cancer Genome Atlas‐Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA‐PRAD) RNA‐Seq, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER‐PRAD), and ESTIMATE data were downloaded, and the clinical information of PRAD patients in our cohort was collected. The associations among age, TME, and PCa were analyzed. The age‐ and TME‐related risk score (ATRS) of each TCGA‐PRAD sample was calculated based on the identified age‐ and TME‐related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the correlation of ATRS with immune‐related characteristics of PCa patients was analyzed, and the ATRS‐based overall survival (OS)‐predicting nomogram was also established.ResultsAge was correlated with OS, PSA level, tumor stage, T stage, N stage, Gleason score, nerve invasion of PCa, and age was positively correlated with stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores. The compositions of immune cells of TCGA‐PRAD patients altered with age. Nine age‐ and TME‐related prognostic DEGs were identified, and the ATRS of each TCGA‐PRAD patient was calculated based on the identified nine DEGs. The ATRS was associated with the expression of immune checkpoints and intratumoral cytolytic activity, and the ATRS‐based nomogram performed well in predicting the outcomes of PCa patients.ConclusionsAge and TME had crucial roles in PCa, and the ATRS gene signature was associated with the immune‐related characteristics of PCa patients, which showed good performance in predicting OS of PCa patients.
Transcriptome of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps is associated with MSI‐high colorectal cancer and decreased expression of CDX2
Authors: Ohki Daisuke , Yamamichi Nobutake , Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Takahashi Yu , Kageyama‐Yahara Natsuko , Yamamichi Mitsue , Takeuchi Chihiro , Tsuji Yosuke , Sakai Yasuhiro , Sakurai Kouhei , Tomida Shuta , Koike Kazuhiko , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular background of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) endoscopically resected with comprehensive gene expression analysis. Gene expression profiling was performed for 10 tumor‐normal pairs of SSA/P. Cluster analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification of colorectal cancer (CRC) were applied to our transcriptome analysis. Unsupervised cluster analysis showed that the gene expression profile of SSA/Ps is different from that of adjacent normal epithelial cells, even in the very early stage of tumorigenesis. According to the CMS classification, our microarray data indicated that SSA/Ps were classified as CMS1. GSEA demonstrated a strong association between SSA/P and microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) CRC (p < 10−5). Transcriptome analysis of five MSI‐related genes (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS1, and PMS2) and five CRC‐related genes (BRAF, KRAS, APC, TP53, and CDX2) showed that CDX2 expression was most severely decreased in SSA/P. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that CDX2 protein was reduced compared with the surrounding mucosa. Direct sequencing of the BRAF gene showed that the BRAF V600E mutation was detected in only nine of 36 cases. In a mouse model, BRAF, APC, or CDX2 deficiency indicated that the gene expression pattern with loss of CDX2 is more similar to our SSA/Ps compared with those induced by BRAF or APC mutation. Transcriptome analysis of SSA/Ps showed characteristic gene expression with a strong resemblance to MSI‐H CRC. Downregulation of CDX2 expression is an essential molecular mechanism involved in the initial stage of SSA/P tumorigenesis. (UMIN000027365).