bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis of municipal sludge without gas protection and its adsorption performance toward tetracycline: Effect of pyrolysis temperature and KOH activation
Authors: Yu Chunmu , Chen Xiaojuan , Li Ning , Chen Jieming , Yao Liang , Zhou Yu , Lu Kaihong , Lai Yiqi , Lai Xiangyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Large amount of municipal sludge is difficulty to handle, its resource utilization is an effective measure. In this study, the municipal sludge from sewage treatment plant was pyrolyzed without nitrogen protection at different temperatures and KOH concentrations for activation. The pyrolysis products with higher surface aera and enriched pore structures could be obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃, and KOH activation could further increase the surface aera of the products. The maximum specific surface area was 44.71 m2/g, which was obtained under 2 mol/L KOH activation before pyrolysis at 500 ℃. And in this situation, the obtained pyrolysis products showed the maximum adsorption capacity of 50.75 mg/g toward tetracycline (TC). Moreover, the TC adsorption onto various pyrolysis products followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption thermodynamics analysis suggested the TC adsorption onto products obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃ was mainly the multi-molecule heterogeneous adsorption, while the TC adsorption onto pyrolysis product pretreated through the activation of KOH followed the monomer adsorption mechanism. This different adsorption mechanism was largely related to the pore structure, polarity, and aromaticity etc. of the adsorbent.
Effect of Decontamination and Processing on Insecticide Residues in Grape (Muscat Hamburg)
Authors: Reddy Banka Kanda Kishore , Bhuvaneswari Kaithamalai , Geetha Padmanaban , Thamilarasi Natarajan , Suganthi Angappan , Paramasivam Mariappan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of simple decontamination methods and processing on imidacloprid, dimethoate, and emamectin benzoate residues in grapes and their processed products using Liquid-Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer validated method. Among the decontamination methods evaluated, sodium chloride (2%) solution was found effective and contributed to the reduction of imidacloprid (77.55%), dimethoate (83.27%) and emamectin benzoate (77.28%) residues in mature grapes. Grapes were processed into various products viz., fresh juice, squash and raisin as per standard effective steps for each product. Based on decontamination experiment findings, washing with sodium chloride (2%) solution was included as an additional step in the standard protocol and has resulted in substantial removal of surface residues of selected insecticides. The processing factor calculated was less than one for all the products.
Relationship of dietary energy and protein during peripartum and lactation in Pelibuey ewes infected with gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: López-Leyva Yoel , Garduño Roberto González , Arece-García Javier , Huerta-Bravo Maximino , Ramírez-Valverde Rodolfo , Torres-Hernández Glafiro , López-Arellano María E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and protein levels on the parasitological and hematological response during the peripartum and lactation of grazing Pelibuey ewes. Forty-eight Pelibuey ewes aged 3–5 years and body weight 31 ± 5 kg were used. Four groups of 12 ewes, including non-pregnant and productive ewes, were formed. Fecal samples were collected to determine the fecal egg count (FEC) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), and blood samples were also taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and peripheral eosinophil (EOS) count. A factorial treatment design was formulated, where two levels of energy (high, with 2.7 Mcal/kg, n = 24; and low, with 2.3 Mcal/kg, n =24) and two levels of protein (high, with 15.5%, n = 24; and low, with 8.7%, n = 24) were studied. The high dietary protein allowed lower FEC (837 ± 141 fecal eggs per gram, EPG) and higher PCV (26.5 ± 0.5%) than the low-protein level (1680 ± 248 EPG and 24.6%, respectively). Higher FEC (1085 ± 264 EPG and 2709 ± 359) and lower PCV (26.7 ± 0.7% and 21.9 ± 0.7%) levels were observed in pregnant and lactating ewes, respectively, compared to non-pregnant ones (427 ± 96 EPG and 27.7 ± 0.4%). It is concluded that high levels of dietary protein improve the hematological response and reduce the FEC in Pelibuey ewes under grazing conditions. The non-pregnant ewes maintained some resilience and resistance to GIN infection compared to productive ewes.
Multi-Mode Imaging Characteristics And Prognosis of Large Avascular Retinal Pigment Epithelium Detachment (Aped) In Macular Area
Authors: Mo Bin , Ling Yu , Yu Ya-Jie , Liu Wu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate multi-mode imaging characteristics for understanding the natural prognosis of large avascular retinal pigment epithelium detachment (aPED) in macular area. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with aPED at Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2010 to June 2021. Patients with aPED maximum diameter greater than 1500 μm underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus color photography, spontaneous fluorescence, infrared photography, FFA, ICGA, and OCT tests. Based on aPED characteristics, patients were divided into serous or drusenoid PED. In addition, the imaging characteristics for different types of large aPED were explored for its natural diagnosis.Results: A total of 64 eyes of 50 cases with large aPED were recruited. 21 males and 29 females with an average age of 64.31±6.38 years. The recruited population included 14 cases with the binocular disease, whereas 13 and 51 eyes had serous and drusenoid PED, respectively. Eight eyes (61.54%) of serous PED patients had drusen. Drusenoid PED patients had drusen in 47 eyes (92.17%). The OCT of serous PED patients showed large PED with uniform low reflection and RPE hyperplasmia (n=2 eyes). In contrast, the OCT of drusenoid PED patients showed some uneven, slightly high, or high reflection and RPE hyperplasmia in all the eyes. In addition, 46 eyes were accompanied by the subretinal fluid (SRF) (90.20%), 28 eyes developed hyperreflective foci between retinal layers (54.90%), and 3 eyes had inner retinal capsules (5.88%). No abnormal blood flow signal was detected in OCTA. The independent t-test showed no significant differences in the general conditions between the two groups, including age, BCVA, PED bottom diameter, and PED height. A total of 19 eyes of 16 cases were followed up, with an average follow-up time of 21.56 ± 18.85 months. Out of these 19 eyes, 12 eyes developed enlarged PED bottom diameter (63.16%), 5 eyes had partial or entire geographic atrophy (26.32%), 1 eye had RPE laceration (5.26%) and 1 eye had no changes (5.26%). However, no case developed into vascular PED (vPED).Conclusions: Multi-mode imaging provided imaging events, contributing to a more accurate diagnosis of aPED. Different types of aPED might be the different stages of same disease, need close observation, however, the natural course of disease shifted to geographic atrophy.Trial registration: Retrospective case series study, not applicable.
The constricting effect of reduced coronary artery compliance on the left ventricle is an important cause of reduced diastolic function in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Lv Liang , Xu Yannan , Zhang Qiong , Kan Shanshan , Chen Xiaoming , Liu Huajin , Wang Hongwei , Wang Changhua , Ma M. D. Jiangwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies of left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) have focused on the decrease in active and passive diastolic function due to ischemic factors but have not investigated if the decrease in compliance of the coronary arteries that bypass the surface of the heart and travel between the myocardium could cause a constricting effect on the ventricular wall like that caused by myocardial fibrosis.Methods and Results: From October 2016 to October 2019, the Department of Cardiology of Fengxian District Central Hospital treated 581 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD). They were divided into groups according to the degree of coronary stenosis, the number of stents and the length of stents implanted. It was concluded that there was a statistical difference in Gensini scores between patients in groups B, C and D (P<0.001). And multiple linear regression analysis showed that T was correlated with Gensini score and C-dp/dtmax(R=0.711, P<0.001). Grouping according to the site of stent implantation and the number of stents implanted, it was found out that the changes in T values before and after left anterior descending artery (LAD) stent implantation were greater than left circumflex artery (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA) (P<0.001). And multiple linear regression revealed a correlation between T values and stent length, ventricular stiffness, and C-dp/dtmax(P=0.001). Conclusions: The decrease in compliance of the coronary arteries bypassing the surface of the heart and travelling between the myocardium would cause a constricting effect on the ventricular wall like that caused by myocardial fibrosis.
One-Pot Hydrolytic Hydrogenation of Carbohydrates to Hexitols Catalyzed by Ru Loaded P And Si-Containing Hierarchical Porous Biochars with Excellent Catalytic Efficiency
Authors: Chen Shuainan , Mao Feng , Yi Zheng , Zhang Huanhuan , She Jialuo , Tang Shimin , Yang Bo , Zhang Chao , Liu Yachun , Fu Zaihui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The one-pot hydrolytic hydrogenation of carbohydrates to sugar alcohols is one of the important upgrading conversions of biomass, which still needs to develop the newly acidic carriers to lower the cleavage energy of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds and the concomitant serious side-reactions in the key first-step hydrolysis. This paper discloses that a forestry processing waste bamboo powder can be converted into the P and Si-containing porous biochar (PSBC) via inserting silica sol, impregnating concentrated phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and heating carbonization. Due to the improved porosity, strong acidity and affinity to β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, the suggested PSBC exhibits an outstanding catalysis performance for the hydrolysis of cellulose, cellobiose, especially sucrose and inulin, affording ca. 76.2% glucose yield in cellulose hydrolysis at 150oC. PSBC can efficiently and uniformly load Ru nanometer particles (average size of 1.5 nm) to fabricate 1%Ru/PSBC as an excellent bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot conversion of these carbohydrates to hexitols, affording ca. 85.2% hexitols with 51.7 h−1 TOF in cellulose conversion under 150oC and 3 MPa H2 pressure. This work not only provides an effective strategy for the preparation of biomass-derived bifunctional catalysts, but also it opens up new voyages for the development of efficient bio-refining.
CORO1A and DNM2 in Serum Exosomes as Biomarkers of Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Wang Yanfu , Ma Ling , Jia Shanshan , Liu Dan , Gu Hui , Wei Xiaowei , Ma Wei , Luo Wenting , Bai Yuzuo , Wang Weilin , Yuan Zhengwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A highly specific and sensitive biomarker in maternal serology analysis for early diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTDs) is yet to be determined. Proteomics was utilized to identify novel specific proteins for NTDs and it revealed three differentially expressed proteins in fetal development. In a rat model with NTDs, we quantified proteins in maternal serum exosomes using western blotting on gestational days E18, E16, E14, and E12; in serum on E18 and E12; in neural tubes on E18 and E12; and in fetal neural exosomes on E18. Coronin 1A and Dynamin 2 expressions were exosome-specific and associated with spina bifida aperta embryogenesis and were proved to be downregulated in maternal serum exosomes from E12 to E18, in neural tubes and fetal neural exosomes with statistical difference, and in serum with no difference. Differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed in the serum exosomes of pregnant women during gestational weeks 12–40 using ELISA. Coronin 1A and Dynamin 2 were demonstrated to possess good diagnostic efficacy during gestation weeks 12–40, particularly during early gestation (12–18 weeks), and may be used as potential NTD screening and diagnostic biomarkers during early gestation.
Analysis of the correlation between Zeste enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression and the prognosis of mesothelioma patients and immune infiltration
Authors: Sun Yun-chuan , Fan Kui , Zhang Chuan-long , Zhang Bo-hui , Gao Meng-qi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Mesothelioma is one of the most malignant tumors, which makes the identification of mesothelioma biomarkers extremely important. To investigate the prognostic value of enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression in mesothelioma patients and its immune infiltration analysis. Methods: Gene expression and clinical information, enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis obtained based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were performed, and additional bioinformatics analysis was performed. Clinical information and gene expression were obtained from 86 patients with mesothelioma based on the Cancer Genome Atlas TCGA database. Survival analysis, GSEA enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis of EZH2 expression were performed by using R (version 3.6.3) (statistical analysis and visualization). Using the TIMER database (Fig. https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/ ), the correlation between EZH2 expression and immune cell infiltration in mesothelioma was analyzed. Results: We collated the data obtained from the TCGA database and performed univariate and multivariate analysis of general data including age, gender, stage, pathological type, and whether they had received radiotherapy, and the results showed that high expression of EZH2 was associated with poor prognosis in mesothelioma patients. The prognosis was worse in the High group (HR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.68-4.52, P＜0.010). Moreover, ROC curves showed that EZH2 expression predicted 1-year survival with an AUC of 0.740, 2-year survival with an AUC of 0.756, and 3-year survival with an AUC of 0.692, suggesting that EZH2 expression has a good predictive effect on prognosis. KEGG pathway analysis showed that there were five pathways with the strongest positive correlation with EZH2 expression: Cell cycle, DNA replication, Cell adhesion molecules cams, Primary immuno deficiency, Tsate transduction, and five pathways with the strongest negative correlation with EZH2 expression: Glycolysis gluconeogenesis , Drug metabolism, cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism ribosom. We analyzed the correlation between EZH2 expression and the level of immune infiltration in mesothelioma tissues. The results indicate that EZH2 expression plays an important role in immune infiltration. At high EZH2 expression, the number of NK cells, Mast cells and Th17 cells was reduced. Mesothelioma patients with high EZH2 expression differ from mesothelioma patients with low EZH2 expression in their tumor immune microenvironment. Conclusion: EZH2, as a new prognostic biomarker for mesothelioma, is helpful to elucidate how changes in the immune environment promote the development of mesothelioma. Further analysis, EZH2 may be used as a biological test to predict the prognosis of mesothelioma.
Sevoflurane causes cognitive impairment by inducing iron deficiency and inhibiting proliferation of neural precursor cells in infant mice
Authors: Xie Jinhong , Zuo Yong , Zhang Xue , Thirupathi Anand , Zhang Di , Zhang Jianhua , Shi Zhenhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Anesthesia can induce cognitive impairment in young rodents. However, the exact mechanism is not clear. Iron deficiency can cause neurodevelopment disorder. Therefore, we investigated the effect of iron deficiency induced by sevoflurane (Sev) on cognitive function in infant mice. C57BL/6 mice of postnatal day 14 and neural stem cells (NSCs) NE4C were treated with 2% Sev for 6h. We used the Morris water maze (MWM) to test the cognitive function of infant mice. Then, we used immunohistochemical stain, immunofluorescence assay, western blot, and flow cytometer to evaluate the myelinogenesis, iron levels, cell proliferation in cortex and hippocampus or in NE4C cells in vivo or in vitro. We found that Sev significantly caused cognitive deficiency. Further, we found that Sev inhibited the oligodendrocytes proliferation and myelinogenesis by decreasing MBP and CC-1 expression and iron levels. Meanwhile, Sev also induced the iron deficiency in neurons, and NSCs by down-regulating FtH and FtL expression and up-regulating the TfR1 expression in the cortex and hippocampus, which dramatically suppressed the proliferation of NSCs and neural progenitor cells(NPCs) by decreasing the expression of Pax6 and Ki67, and caused the decrease of counts of neurons. Interestingly, iron supplementation before anesthesia significantly improved iron deficiency and cognitive deficiency induced by Sev in infant mice. In conclusion, these data suggested that Sev-induced iron deficiency might be a new mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by inhaled anesthetics in infant mice. The iron supplementation before anesthesia is an effective strategy to prevent cognitive impairment caused by Sev in infants.
scSTAR reveals hidden heterogeneity with a real-virtual cell pair structure across single cell samples
Authors: Hao Jie , Chen Ke , Zhang Jiaqiang , Wu Duojiao , Cao Wei , Zou Jiawei , Shang Guoguo , Yang Jean , Wong-Lin KongFatt , Sun Hourong , Chen Wantao , Wang Xiangdong , Zou Xin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present scSTAR, single-cell States Transfer Across-sample of RNA-seq data, which estimates individual cell state dynamics by creating real-virtual cell pairs across samples/conditions, therefore each cell can act as its own control when comparing between conditions. Using simulated and published scRNA-seq datasets, we show that new cell subtypes/functions which are more linked to the biological problem under investigation are discovered, especially when current methods give blur patterns.
Fine mapping of a recessive leaf rust resistance locus on chromosome 2BS in wheat accession CH1539
Authors: Sheng Dece , Qiao Linyi , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Xin , Chang Lifang , Guo Huijuan , Zhang Shuwei , Chen Fang , Chang Zhijian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. The wheat accession CH1539 showed a high level of resistance to leaf rust. A mapping population of 184 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between the resistant accession CH1539 and the susceptible cultivar SY95-71. The RILs showed segregating infection responses to Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt) race THK at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis showed that leaf rust resistance was controlled by a monogenic gene, and the potential locus was temporarily named LrCH1539. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using a 35K DArTseq array located LrCH1539 on the short arm of chromosome 2B. Subsequently, a genetic linkage map of LrCH1539 was constructed using the developed 2BS chromosome-specific markers, and its flanking markers were sxau-2BS136 and sxau-2BS81. An F2 subpopulation with 3619 lines was constructed by crossing the resistant and susceptible lines selected from the RIL population. The inoculation identification results showed that LrCH1539 was recessively inherited and was fine-mapped to a 779.4-kb region between markers sxau-2BS47 and sxau-2BS255 at the end of 2BS. The linkage marker analysis showed that the positions of LrCH1539 and Lr16 were the same, but the identification results of the resistance spectrum indicated that the causal genes of the two might be different. The resistant materials reported in this study and the cosegregation marker can be used for marker-assisted selection breeding of leaf rust-resistant wheat cultivars.
An Automated Ambulatory Duodopa Pump: A Sliding Mode Control Approach
Authors: Malangandi Pravika , JACOB JEEVAMMA , Kunnel PAUL JOSEPH 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Around ten million people in the world are affected by Parkinson's disease (PD), accounting for about less than 1% of the global population. The rising prevalence of PD draws attention to the growing individual and social cost, as well as the urgent need for efforts to enhance the quality of life of the patient. The automation of the conventional ambulatory Duodopa pump (ADP) is the most challenging aspect of dopamine therapy for PD due to a range of unanticipated external events. In this regard, the goal of this paper is to develop a robust control strategy specifically, a sliding mode controller (SMC) scheme for a newly designed ADP to ensure optimal drug therapy. The proposed ADP is modeled by cascading the mathematical model of linear electromechanical actuator (EMA), drug infusing syringe pump in tandem with the dose-effect relationship of Levodopa and continuous dopamine sensor (CDS). While traditional SMC is liable to induce numerical chattering, smooth SMC (SSMC) and an integral SMC (ISMC) are designed to minimize chattering by maintaining accuracy in set-point tracking of plasma dopamine concentration. The in-silico results described in this paper persuasively confirm that the SSMC and ISMC supersede the traditional one in numerous key ways: chattering in the control input is nearly non-existent, fast-tracking performance, and good transient response. A robust stability evaluation with ISMC reveals that it can accommodate only a small cohort with less inter-patient variability, but its overall performance in terms of chattering reduction and set-point tracking is superior to that of traditional SMC and SSMC.