bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating 1D new physics solutions in b → sℓℓ decays *
Authors: Li Shuang-Yi , Shi Rui-Xiang , Geng Li-Sheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recent measurements of

,

,

,

, a set of CP-averaged angular observables for the

decay and its isospin partner

by the LHCb Collaboration consistently hint at lepton universality violation in the

transitions. In this work, we first perform global fits to the

data and show that five one-dimensional scenarios, i.e,

,

,

,

, and

can best explain the so-called B anamolies. Furthermore, we explore how these scenarios can be distinguished from each other. For this purpose, we first study the combinations of four angular asymmetries

and find that they cannot distinguish the five new physics scenarios. We then show that a newly constructed ratio

can uniquely discriminate the five new physics scenarios in proper intervals of

if it can be measured with percent-level precision.
From steady-state TASEP model with open boundaries to 1D Ising model at negative fugacity
Authors: Tamm Mikhail V , Dudka Maxym , Pospelov Nikita , Oshanin Gleb , Nechaev Sergei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We expose a series of exact mappings between particular cases of four statistical physics models: (i) equilibrium 1D lattice gas with nearest-neighbor repulsion, (ii) (1 + 1)D combinatorial heap of pieces, (iii) directed random walks on a half-plane, and (iv) 1D totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). In particular, we show that generating function of a 1D steady-state TASEP with open boundaries can be interpreted as a quotient of partition functions of 1D hard-core lattice gases with one adsorbing lattice site and negative fugacity. This result is based on the combination of a representation of a steady-state TASEP configurations in terms of (1 + 1)D heaps of pieces (HP) and a theorem of X Viennot which projects the partition function of (1 + 1)D HP onto that of a single layer of pieces, which in this case is a 1D hard-core lattice gas.
A gecko-inspired robot with CPG-based neural control for locomotion and body height adaptation
Authors: Shao Donghao , Wang Zhouyi , Ji Aihong , Dai Zhendong , Manoonpong Poramate 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Today’s gecko-inspired robots have shown the ability of omnidirectional climbing on slopes with a low centre of mass. However, such an ability cannot efficiently cope with bumpy terrains or terrains with obstacles. In this study, we developed a gecko-inspired robot (Nyxbot) with an adaptable body height to overcome this limitation. Based on an analysis of the skeletal system and kinematics of real geckos, the adhesive mechanism and leg structure design of the robot were designed to endow it with adhesion and adjustable body height capabilities. Neural control with exteroceptive sensory feedback is utilised to realise body height adaptability while climbing on a slope. The locomotion performance and body adaptability of the robot were tested by conducting slope climbing and obstacle crossing experiments. The gecko robot can climb a 30° slope with spontaneous obstacle crossing (maximum obstacle height of 38% of the body height) and can climb even steeper slopes (up to 60°) without an obstacle or bump. Using 3D force measuring platforms for ground reaction force analysis of geckos and the robot, we show that the motions of the developed robot driven by neural control and the motions of geckos are dynamically comparable. To this end, this study provides a basis for developing climbing robots with adaptive bump/obstacle crossing on slopes towards more agile and versatile gecko-like locomotion.
Introduction to classical and quantum integrability
Authors: Retore Ana L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In these lecture notes we aim for a pedagogical introduction to both classical and quantum integrability. Starting from Liouville integrability and passing through Lax pair and r-matrix we discuss the construction of the conserved charges for classical integrable models taking as example the harmonic oscillator. The construction of these charges for 2D integrable field theories is also discussed using a Lax connection and the sine-Gordon model as example. On the quantum side, the XXZ spin chain is used to explain the systematic construction of the conserved charges starting from a quantum R-matrix, solution of the quantum Yang–Baxter equation. The diagonalization of these charges is performed using the algebraic Bethe ansatz. At the end, the interpretation of the R-matrix as an S-matrix in a scattering process is also presented. These notes were written for the lectures delivered at the school ‘Integrability, Dualities and Deformations’, that ran from 23 to 27 August 2021 in Santiago de Compostela and virtually.
An all-digital approach for versatile hybrid entanglement generation
Authors: Nape Isaac , de Oliveira André G , Slabbert Donovan , Bornman Nicholas , Francis Jason , Souto Ribeiro Paulo H , Forbes Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hybrid entangled states exhibit non-local correlations between photons with independent degrees of freedom and are currently gaining much interest. In particular, hybrid entanglement between polarisation and spatial modes of two photons are promising candidates for future heterogeneous quantum channels, but their versatility is limited by current generation methods that rely on static elements. Here, we present a technique that exploits polarisation and spatial mode dependent phase modulation in an all-digital approach using spatial light modulators. We show that we can tailor hybrid entangled states using spatial modes with Cylindrical and Cartesian symmetry, making our approach flexible, dynamic, and adaptable.
Diffusion induced decomposition of cementite layers during gas nitriding of 4140 steel: thermodynamical and kinetical aspects
Authors: Nazari Hossein , Aghajani Hossein , Al-Azawi Falih Hussain Saddam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, some new aspects of the decomposition of cementite layers by diffusion of nitrogen during gas nitriding are investigated. Therefore, AISI4140 steel samples were heat-treated to harden by heating up to 1113 K for 120 min, followed by quenching in agitated mineral oil. Then samples were tempered at 863 K for 60 min. Nitriding was carried out for 1400 up to 21000 min. Samples were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffractometer, and HSC thermodynamical software. Results showed that the rate of diffusion was higher in the early stages of nitriding. Due to nitrogen of diffusion, some nitrides are formed in grain boundaries and act as diffusion barriers. In this case, the diffusion mechanism from grain boundary diffusion changes to the volume diffusion or a combination of both mechanisms. Meanwhile, diffusion of nitrogen, in addition to the ferrite layers and grain boundaries, is also performed into the cementite layers. Although these layers are not the preferred areas of diffusion, volume diffusion of nitrogen through cementite layers leads to decomposition of them and turning them into iron nitrides and carbo-nitrides. Results show that almost 42 percent of cementite layers decomposed by nitrogen diffusion.
Study on high-temperature mechanical properties of W25Re alloy
Authors: Ning Xiong , Di Dong , Chengyang Wang , Julei Kang , Jie Liu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tungsten rhenium alloy is widely used in aerospace, weapon electronics, and other high-temperature fields. W25Re alloy bars were prepared by powder metallurgy combined with the rolling deformation process. The mechanical properties of W25Re alloy were studied. The results show that rolled W25Re alloy bars have excellent mechanical properties. The tensile strength at room temperature is up to 1650 MPa and the elongation is 15%. As temperature increases, the tensile strength of W25Re alloy decreases rapidly, and the elongation first increases and then decreases. However, at 2000 °C, the tensile strength of more than 200 MPa and elongation of 16% can still be maintained. The fracture morphology shows that the dimples disappear and dynamic recrystallization occurs at 1600 °C and that the grain grows further at 2000 °C. The analysis shows that with increasing temperature, the increasing grain size and decreasing grain adhesion lead to decreasing strength and plasticity at 2000 °C.
Machining behaviour of AZ91E hybrid composite reinforced with granite and fly ash powders
Authors: Singaiah Kanumuri , Babu G Ram , Singaiah G , Sunil B Ratna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present study, hybrid composites of AZ91E reinforced with granite powder and fly ash powder were fabricated by stir casting route. The reinforcing material was added in different weight fractions (2.5 and 5% each). The densities of the composites were measured between 1.74−1.8 g cm−3. The role of different weight percentages of reinforcements on the machining behavior was investigated. Increased microhardness was measured for the composites due to the presence of the reinforcing material. Higher cutting forces were measured for the composites containing higher fraction of reinforcements. With the increased cutting speed (420 to 715 rpm) the cutting forces were observed as decreased and with the increased depth of cut (0.2 and 0.4 mm), higher cutting forces were recorded. At higher fraction of reinforcements, discontinuous chips were observed for the composites. The results demonstrate the significant role of granite powder and the fly ash powder on enhancing the mechanical properties (up to 66% compared with the base alloy) but also on increasing the difficulty level in machining.
Use of Linked Administrative Children’s Social Care Data for Research: A Scoping Review of Existing UK Studies
Authors: Allnatt G , Elliott M , Scourfield J , Lee A , Griffiths L J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Increasing access to children’s social care data presents enormous potential for research and policy evaluation, with opportunities increased where data can be anonymously linked to other sources of information, such as health and education data. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of all UK data linkage studies that have used routinely collected individual-level children’s social care administrative data. Six research databases were searched and twenty-five studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria, with the majority (n = 18) based on English data. Complexities and the time-consuming nature of these studies are highlighted, as are issues with missing data and inconsistencies in recording information across local authorities, impacting on the linkage process. Increased access to such data, and improvements to data capture, could improve the utility of these valuable administrative data assets in the social care sector.
From the Mediterranean to the Pacific: re-circumscription towardsNotelaea s.l.and historical biogeography of a generic complex in Oleinae (Oleaceae)
Authors: Dupin Julia , Hong-Wa Cynthia , Pillon Yohan , Besnard Guillaume 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTackling the complicated infrafamilial classification of the economically important Oleaceae requires a piecemeal approach that addresses generic circumscriptions. Here, focusing on the distinct clade formed by the generic complex Nestegis, Notelaea, Osmanthus, Phillyrea and Picconia in subtribe Oleinae, we aim to elucidate their boundaries and relationships and to evaluate their biogeographic history in light of their peculiar disjunct distribution in the Macaronesian, Mediterranean and Pacific regions. On the basis of phylogenomic data from plastid and nuclear DNA of an extensive sampling, the results show six subclades in this generic complex, which are also geographical segregates found in Australia (Notelaea), Hawaiian Islands (Nestegis sandwicensis), Macaronesia (Phillyrea and Picconia), Mediterranean Region (Phillyrea), New Caledonia (Osmanthus section Notosmanthus) and New Zealand (Nestegis s.s.). Accounting for broad morphological overlaps in this clade, we recognize three genera (Phillyrea, Picconia and Notelaea s.l.), subsuming all Pacific taxa under Notelaea. Molecular dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that this clade originated in Eurasia during the Early Miocene (mean 23.2 Mya, 95% HPD: 23.8–14.7). Finally, dispersal (rather than continental vicariance) is probably the main explanation for the global, disjunct distribution of this group, with island-hopping and local extinction as the hallmarks of its evolutionary history.
GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art
Authors: Granata Antonio , Maccarrone Rosario , Anzaldi Massimiliano , Leonardi Giuseppe , Pesce Francesco , Amico Francesco , Gesualdo Loreto , Corrao Salvatore 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are highly effective in improving glycaemic control either as monotherapy or in combination with other hypoglycaemic drugs, and have low incidence of side effects, such as hypoglycaemia, nausea and weight gain, thus increasing patients' adherence to therapy.

Methods
In this review we report the most recent studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of GLP-1RAs on renal outcomes, and also discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms through which they confer kidney protection. Finally, we discuss the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1RAs in diabetic patients with COVID-19 disease.

Results
GLP-1RAs have a nephroprotective action, which is expressed through both indirect (improvement of blood pressure and glycaemic control, weight loss) and direct (restoration of normal intrarenal haemodynamics, prevention of ischaemic and oxidative damage) effects. They have shown also metabolic and anti-inflammation beneficial effects in patients with COVID-19 disease.

Conclusions
GLP-1RAs prevent albuminuria and slow the decline of renal function towards end stage renal disease in patients with diabetic kidney disease. They might be an opportunity to break the typical inflammation processes of COVID-19 disease.
Bound Hand and Foot: Lorca, Dalí, and the ‘Flight’ of Surrealism
Authors: RodrÍguez Fernández Javier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The traditional narrative of Federico García Lorca’s embrace of Surrealism follows a familiar, all too familiar dialectical sequence: triumph, crisis, supersession. In this progression, Salvador Dalí plays the key role of the cosmopolitan, more advanced friend, who opens up a rift and puts things in motion with his mixture of harsh criticism, sentimental disappointment and visionary pushiness. Lorca, on the other hand, is basically reduced to the secondary, diffident, reactive role of heeding someone else’s insights and following an already trodden path. This article offers a different view of these initial moments of the Surrealist avant-garde in Spain, emphasizing the contested understanding of the idea of ‘flight,’ ‘escape,’ or ‘evasion’ as the grounds for a Surrealism that neither aspires to domesticate the strangeness of reality, nor dares to face it with the cold indifference of the heroically adventurous pioneer; a Surrealism, in that elusive sense, that perhaps is not one.
Germ granules and gene regulation in theCaenorhabditis elegansgermline
Authors: Phillips Carolyn M , Updike Dustin L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transparency of Caenorhabditis elegans provides a unique window to observe and study the function of germ granules. Germ granules are specialized ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assemblies specific to the germline cytoplasm, and they are largely conserved across Metazoa. Within the germline cytoplasm, they are positioned to regulate mRNA abundance, translation, small RNA production, and cytoplasmic inheritance to help specify and maintain germline identity across generations. Here we provide an overview of germ granules and focus on the significance of more recent observations that describe how they further demix into sub-granules, each with unique compositions and functions.
Healthy Behaviors, Leisure Activities, and Social Network Prolong Disability-Free Survival in Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Shang Ying , Wu Wei , Dove Abigail , Guo Jie , Welmer Anna-Karin , Rizzuto Debora , Fratiglioni Laura , Xu Weili 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Diabetes has been related to disability and excess mortality. We estimated the extent to which diabetes shortens disability-free survival and identified modifiable factors that may prolong disability-free survival in older adults with diabetes.

Methods
Disability-free older adults (n = 2 216, mean age: 71 years, female: 61%) were followed for up to 15 years. Diabetes was ascertained through medical examinations, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Disability-free survival was defined as survival until the occurrence of disability. A favorable (vs unfavorable) lifestyle profile was defined as the presence of at least 1 of the following: healthy (vs unhealthy) behaviors, active (vs inactive) engagement in leisure activities, or moderate-to-rich (vs poor) social network. Data were analyzed using Cox regression and Laplace regression.

Results
During the follow-up, 1 345 (60.7%) participants developed disability or died. Diabetes, but not prediabetes, was related to the outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.57), and 2.15 (1.02–3.27) years shorter median disability-free survival. In joint exposure analysis, disability-free survival was shortened by 3.29 (1.21–5.36), 3.92 (2.08–5.76), and 1.66 (0.06–3.28) years for participants with diabetes plus unhealthy behaviors, inactive engagement in leisure activities, or poor social network. Among participants with diabetes, a favorable profile led to a nonsignificant HR of 1.19 (0.93–1.56) for disability/death and prolonged disability-free survival by 3.26 (2.33–4.18) years compared to those with an unfavorable profile.

Conclusions
A healthy and socially active lifestyle may attenuate the risk of diabetes on disability or death and prolong disability-free survival among people with diabetes.
Understanding transboundary stocks’ availability by combining multiple fisheries-independent surveys and oceanographic conditions in spatiotemporal models
Authors: O'Leary Cecilia A , DeFilippo Lukas B , Thorson James T , Kotwicki Stan , Hoff Gerald R , Kulik Vladimir V , Ianelli James N , Punt André E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shifts in the distribution of groundfish species as oceans warm can complicate management efforts if species distributions expand beyond the extent of existing scientific surveys, changing the proportion of groundfish available to any one survey each year. We developed the first-ever model-based biomass estimates for three Bering Sea groundfishes (walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus)) by combining fishery-independent bottom trawl data from the U.S. and Russia in a spatiotemporal framework using Vector Autoregressive Spatio-Temporal (VAST) models. We estimated a fishing-power correction to calibrate disparate data sets and the effect of an annual oceanographic index to explain variation in groundfish spatiotemporal density. Groundfish densities shifted northward relative to historical densities, and high-density areas spanned the international border, particularly in years warmer than the long-term average. In the final year of comprehensive survey data (2017), 49%, 65%, 47% of biomass was in the western and northern Bering Sea for pollock, cod, and plaice, respectively, suggesting that availability of groundfish to the more regular eastern Bering Sea survey is declining. We conclude that international partnerships to combine past data and coordinate future data collection are necessary to track fish as they shift beyond historical survey areas.
Pulmonary valve neocuspidization and tricuspid valve replacement in intravenous drug abusers with infective endocarditis: Report of two cases
Authors: Todurov Borys , Mokryk Igor , Batsak Bohdan , Ponych Nataliya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Right-sided infective endocarditis accounts for 5–10% of endocarditis cases. It occurs predominantly among intravenous drug abusers. The pulmonary valve is involved in fewer than 2% of patients with endocarditis. Literature data are limited and optimal medical strategy, including surgical technique, remains non-standardized in this clinical situation. We present 2 patients treated surgically for tricuspid and pulmonary valve endocarditis and discuss a method of pulmonary valve neocuspidization based on the Ozaki technique.
Winning? The Politics of Victory in an Era of Endless War
Authors: Hartnett Liane , Glanville Luke , O'Driscoll Cian , Wilcox Lauren , Bellamy Alexander , Steele Brent 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo decades after the “war on terror” was first waged, there is little conceptual clarity about what it means to win a war. Indeed, despite the burgeoning literature on endless war and victory, there is no substantive engagement with how these themes intersect when thinking ethically about the question of war and what passes for peace. This forum seeks to spark a conversation to address this gap. Bringing together theorists and ethicists working on the themes of war and peace, we ask: What might we render visible and redress by thinking critically of the politics of victory in an era of endless war? Further, to the extent that just-war theory has long offered a grammar for the ethics of war, how does it help or hinder this quest?