bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, fracture risk assessment (FRAX), and trabecular bone score (TBS) in rheumatoid arthritis patients: connecting pieces of the puzzle
Authors: Senosi Manar R. , Fathi Hanan M. , Baki Noha M. Abdel , Zaki Othman , Magdy Ahmed M. , Gheita Tamer A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density and to investigate the possible risk factors of osteoporosis and fracture in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
A total of 97 RA patients and 45 matched controls were enrolled. Serum vitamin D level, VDR genotyping, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, trabecular bone score (TBS), and fracture risk assessment (FRAX) in 10 years were assessed. Disease activity score (DAS28) and modified health assessment questionnaire (MHAQ) were measured.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 47.9 ± 8.9 years; 85 females, 12 males (F:M 7.1:1) and mean disease duration 9.4 ± 6.2 years. DAS28 was 4.52 ± 1.04 and MHAQ 0.6 ± 0.4. There was a significant difference between cases and controls as regards DEXA and FRAX (p < 0.0001) but the TBS and VDR genotyping were comparable (p = 0.29 and p = 0.12, respectively). The vitamin D level was comparable with the control (9.3 ± 6.5 vs 10.4 ± 7.5 ng/mL, p = 0.4). None of the patients was receiving anti-osteoporotic therapy or biologic therapy. There was a significant association between the presence of osteoporosis and age, disease duration, menopause, and rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity. The TBS was significantly lower and FRAX higher in patients with positive RF and anti-CCP. FRAX was significantly related and the TBS inversely with the age, disease duration, serum uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, and MHAQ.

Conclusions
Reduced BMD and increased tendency to fractures are remarkable in RA patients. Vitamin D level was decreased in patients and control, and VDR gene polymorphisms were not linked to RA. TBS and FRAX are effective tools to assess osteoporotic fractures in RA.

Key Points• Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased tendency to fractures are remarkable in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.• Vitamin D level was decreased in patients and control, and VDR gene polymorphisms were not linked to RA.• Trabecular bone score (TBS) and fracture risk assessment (FRAX) in 10 years are effective tools to assess osteoporotic fractures in RA.
A robust approach to warped Gaussian process-constrained optimization
Authors: Wiebe J. , Cecílio I. , Dunlop J. , Misener R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptimization problems with uncertain black-box constraints, modeled by warped Gaussian processes, have recently been considered in the Bayesian optimization setting. This work considers optimization problems with aggregated black-box constraints. Each aggregated black-box constraint sums several draws from the same black-box function with different decision variables as arguments in each individual black-box term. Such constraints are important in applications where, e.g., safety-critical measures are aggregated over multiple time periods. Our approach, which uses robust optimization, reformulates these uncertain constraints into deterministic constraints guaranteed to be satisfied with a specified probability, i.e., deterministic approximations to a chance constraint. While robust optimization typically considers parametric uncertainty, our approach considers uncertain functions modeled by warped Gaussian processes. We analyze convexity conditions and propose a custom global optimization strategy for non-convex cases. A case study derived from production planning and an industrially relevant example from oil well drilling show that the approach effectively mitigates uncertainty in the learned curves. For the drill scheduling example, we develop a custom strategy for globally optimizing integer decisions.
On the adoption of blockchain for business process monitoring
Authors: Di Ciccio Claudio , Meroni Giovanni , Plebani Pierluigi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeing the blockchain and distributed ledger technologies particularly suitable to create trusted environments where participants do not trust each other, business process management represents a proper setting in which these technologies can be adopted. In this direction, current research work primarily focuses on blockchain-oriented business process design, or on execution engines able to enact processes through smart contracts. Conversely, less attention has been paid to study if and how blockchains can be beneficial to business process monitoring. This work aims to fill this gap by (1) providing a reference architecture for enabling the adoption of blockchain technologies in business process monitoring solutions, (2) defining a set of relevant research challenges derived from this adoption, and (3) discussing the current approaches to address the aforementioned challenges.
Bundesverfassungsgericht und Klimaschutz – wenn die Zukunft über die Gegenwart mitentscheiden darf
Authors: Kotulla Katharina , Kotulla Michael 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Bundesverfassungsgericht (BVerfG) hat in seiner weithin beachteten und für viele überraschenden
Entscheidung vom 24.3.2021 nicht nur dem Klimaschutz zu einem verfassungsrechtlich neuen Stellenwert verholfen,
sondern auch in den Grundrechten einen bisher nicht gekannten intertemporalen Charakter identifiziert. Der
nachfolgende Beitrag befasst sich kritisch mit der daraus resultierenden Bedeutung und den damit verbundenen
Folgen des Judikats.
The deubiquitinase Usp27x as a novel regulator of cFLIPL protein expression and sensitizer to death-receptor-induced apoptosis
Authors: Dold Manuel Nico , Ng Xiulin , Alber Claudia , Gentle Ian Edward , Häcker Georg , Weber Arnim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeath receptors are transmembrane proteins that can induce the activation of caspase-8 upon ligand binding, initiating apoptosis. Recent work has highlighted the great molecular complexity of death receptor signalling, in particular through ubiquitination/deubiquitination. We have earlier defined the deubiquitinase Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 27x (Usp27x) as an enzyme capable of stabilizing the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim. Here, we report that enhanced expression of Usp27x in human melanoma cells leads to the loss of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) and sensitizes to Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) or Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-induced extrinsic apoptosis through enabling enhanced processing of caspase-8. The loss of cFLIPL upon overexpression of Usp27x was not due to reduced transcription, could be partially counteracted by blocking the ubiquitin proteasome system and was independent of the known cFLIPL destabilizing ubiquitin E3-ligases Itch and DTX1. Instead, Usp27x interacted with the E3-ligase TRIM28 and reduced ubiquitination of TRIM28. Reduction of cFLIPL protein levels by Usp27x-induction depended on TRIM28, which was also required for polyI:C-induced cell death. This work defines Usp27x as a novel regulator of cFLIPL protein expression and a deubiquitinase in fine tuning death receptor signalling pathways to execute apoptosis.
“Traduttore, Traditore?” Translating Human Rights into the Corporate Context
Authors: McVey Marisa , Ferguson John , Puyou François-Régis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper critically investigates the implementation of the UN guiding principles on business and human rights (UNGPs) into the corporate setting through the concept of ‘translation’. In the decade since the creation of the UNGPs, little academic research has focussed specifically on the corporate implementation of human rights. Drawing on qualitative case studies of two multinational corporations—an oil and gas company and a bank—this paper unpacks how human rights are translated into the corporate context. In doing so, the paper focuses on the “resonance dilemma” translators encounter, the strategies used to make human rights understandable and palatable, and the difficulties that emerge from this process. We contend that the process of making human rights understandable and manageable can change their form and content, which may act as an obstacle to human rights realisation and corporate accountability for human rights.
Factors Enhancing Trust in Electronic Communication Among Patients from an Internal Medicine Clinic: Qualitative Results of the RECEPT Study
Authors: Moore Annie , Chavez Catia , Fisher Michael P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Electronic health records are now the norm in US healthcare. Bidirectional patient portals allow frequent communication between patients and their healthcare team. Many studies have examined the importance of patient engagement and trust between patients and their healthcare team, typically in the context of face-to-face interactions. Little is known about how patient trust and engagement are built or enhanced through electronic communications. COVID-19 provided a unique time in history for this novel exploration.

Objective
Our objective was to learn how patients experience trust formation through electronic communication (patient messaging and video visits) with their healthcare team.

Design
Our research was guided by grounded theory methodology. Qualitative interviews were conducted between February and December 2020 with patients or their caregivers from an internal medicine clinic in Colorado.

Participants
Fifty-one participants were recruited by age group and gender to represent the clinic’s adult ambulatory care demographics. Seven were patients’ caregivers who were purposefully recruited. Average age was 53 with an educated, middle class, and largely white predominance in our eventual sample.

Approach
Thirty-minute semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide informed by a validated physician-patient trust scale. Interviews were conducted by telephone, recorded via Zoom, and transcribed. Results were analyzed and coded in ATLAS.ti utilizing the constant comparative method, with two coders.

Key Results
Patients experienced enhanced trust in their healthcare team through electronic communications. Interpersonal and system factors contributed to trust formation. Promptness of reply was the most salient factor in trust formation with a majority desiring same day response.

Conclusions
Patients now rely on electronic communication with their healthcare team. Opportunities exist to leverage this to improve health outcomes. Important research in expanded demographic groups, along with ambulatory healthcare redesign, will be necessary to optimize benefits of electronic communication with patients and meet patient expectations.
Non-pharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain in US Veterans Treated Within the Veterans Health Administration: Implications for Expansion in US Healthcare Systems
Authors: Mannes Zachary L. , Stohl Malki , Fink David S. , Olfson Mark , Keyes Katherine M. , Martins Silvia S. , Gradus Jaimie L. , Saxon Andrew J. , Maynard Charles , Livne Ofir , Gutkind Sarah , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsensus guidelines recommend multimodal chronic pain treatment with increased use of non-pharmacological treatment modalities (NPM), including as first-line therapies. However, with many barriers to NPM uptake in US healthcare systems, NPM use may vary across medical care settings. Military veterans are disproportionately affected by chronic pain. Many veterans receive treatment through the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), an integrated healthcare system in which specific policies promote NPM use.ObjectiveTo examine whether veterans with chronic pain who utilize VHA healthcare were more likely to use NPM than veterans who do not utilize VHA healthcare.DesignCross-sectional nationally representative study.ParticipantsUS military veterans (N= 2,836).Main MeasuresIn the 2019 National Health Interview Survey, veterans were assessed for VHA treatment, chronic pain (i.e., past 3-month daily or almost daily pain), symptoms of depression and anxiety, substance use, and NPM (i.e., physical therapy, chiropractic/spinal manipulation, massage, psychotherapy, educational class/workshop, peer support groups, or yoga/tai chi).Key ResultsChronic pain (45.2% vs. 26.8%) and NPM use (49.8% vs. 39.4%) were more prevalent among VHA patients than non-VHA veterans. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, physical health indicators, and use of cigarettes or prescription opioids, VHA patients were more likely than non-VHA veterans to use any NPM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.07–2.16) and multimodal NPM (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.12–2.87) than no NPM. Among veterans with chronic pain, VHA patients were more likely to use chiropractic care (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.12–3.22), educational class/workshop (aOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.35–6.73), or psychotherapy (aOR = 4.28, 95% CI = 1.69–10.87).ConclusionsAmong veterans with chronic pain, past-year VHA use was associated with greater likelihood of receiving NPM. These findings may suggest that the VHA is an important resource and possible facilitator of NPM. VHA policies may offer guidance for expanding use of NPM in other integrated US healthcare systems.
Comparison of quick Pitt to quick sofa and sofa scores for scoring of severity for patients with urinary tract infection
Authors: Madrazo Manuel , Piles Laura , López-Cruz Ian , Alberola Juan , Eiros José María , Zaragoza Rafael , Artero Arturo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuick Pitt (qPitt), which includes temperature, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, cardiac arrest, and mental status, is a new prognostic score derived from the Pitt Bacteremia score. The aim of our study is to compare qPitt with quick SOFA (qSOFA) and SOFA for scoring of severity in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with UTI. Area under the ROC curve, sensibility, and specificity to predict 30-day mortality were calculated for qPitt, qSOFA and SOFA and compared. 382 UTI cases were analyzed. Thirty-day mortality (18.8% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001) and longer hospital stay (6 [1–11] vs. 4 [1–7] days, p < 0.001) were associated with qPitt ≥ 2. However, qPitt had a worse performance to predict 30-day mortality compared to qSOFA and SOFA (AUROC 0.692 vs. 0.832 and 0.806, respectively, p = 0.010 and p = 0.041). The sensitivity of qPitt was lower than the sensitivity of qSOFA and SOFA (70.45 vs. 84.09 for both qSOFA and SOFA, p < 0.001), with a specificity lower than qSOFA and similar to SOFA (60.36 vs. 82.25 and 63.61, p < 0.001 and p = 0.742, respectively). Quick Pitt had moderate prognostic accuracy and performed worse than qSOFA and SOFA scores for predicting mortality in patients with UTI.
Assessment of the mineral phase and properties of clay-Ca bentonite lightweight aggregates
Authors: Abdelfattah Mohamed Mostafa , Géber Róbert , Abdel-Kader Noha Ali , Kocserha István 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study deals with improving the properties of lightweight aggregate by the addition of Ca-bentonite mineral to expandable clays. The addition of bentonite can result in advanced lightweight aggregate materials which meet international standards. Besides bentonite material, twelve different clays (from Egyptian and Hungarian mines) were studied by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Rietveld method), and a heating microscope (HM). Aggregates were produced and their physical and mechanical properties were measured. The structure and the chemical composition of the clay-Ca bentonite aggregates were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX). The results showed that the addition of 10 wt% bentonite can reduce the bulk density by up to 20%, can increase the compressive strength by up to 180%, and can increase the height of expansion by up to 68% in some samples. It was found that the high kaolinite content of the clay samples was not beneficial for expanding and decreasing the bulk density of aggregates. According to the Rietveld method from XRD and a statistical correlation model shown, the amorphous contents have a reciprocal relationship with the bulk density and a direct relationship with the height expansion. Bentonite, as a natural additive, to some clays, was suitable for producing lightweight aggregates with far better properties, as well as a more economical means of production.
Zur Notwendigkeit und Chance einer sozial(räumlich)en Perspektive und einer Einmischung Sozialer Arbeit im interdisziplinären Diskurs zum Wohnen
Authors: Beck Sylvia 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Thema Wohnen wird derzeit angesichts von Wohnungsmarktdynamiken vielfach diskutiert, bleibt dabei jedoch weitgehend auf Fragen einer bezahlbaren Wohnraumversorgung fokussiert. Exemplarisch aufgezeigte aktuelle Entwicklungen verweisen jedoch zugleich auf gesellschaftliche und individuelle Anforderungen ans Wohnen, die Transformationsprozesse mitbedingen. Darin werden auch Selbstzuständigkeiten wie auch deren Vereinnahmung sichtbar, die hinsichtlich neuerlicher Ausschlüsse kritisch zu hinterfragen sind. Gestützt auf das Konzept von „Wohnen als sozial(räumlich)e Praxis“ plädiert der Beitrag für eine sozialräumliche und lebensweltorientierte Sicht auf Wohnen im Kontext Sozialen Wandels. Er macht sich damit zugleich für eine Einmischung Sozialer Arbeit im interdisziplinären Diskurs zum Wohnen und in Wohn- und Stadtentwicklungen stark, um für ermöglichende, sozial gerechte Strukturen einzutreten, aber auch Aneignungsprozesse in ihrer Relevanz herauszustellen.
Perioperative Guidelines on Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents: 2022 Update
Authors: Moster Michael , Bolliger Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Multiple guidelines and recommendations have been written to address the perioperative management of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs. In this review, we evaluated the recent guidelines in non-cardiac, cardiac, and regional anesthesia. Furthermore, we focused on unresolved problems and novel approaches for optimized perioperative management.

Recent Findings
Vitamin K antagonists should be stopped 3 to 5 days before surgery. Preoperative laboratory testing is recommended. Bridging therapy does not decrease the perioperative thromboembolic risk and might increase perioperative bleeding risk. In patients on direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC), a discontinuation interval of 24 and 48 h in those scheduled for surgery with low and high bleeding risk, respectively, has been shown to be saved. Several guidelines for regional anesthesia recommend a conservative interruption interval of 72 h for DOACs before neuraxial anesthesia. Finally, aspirin is commonly continued in the perioperative period, whereas potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors should be stopped, drug-specifically, 3 to 7 days before surgery.

Summary
Many guidelines have been published from various societies. Their applicability is limited in emergent or urgent surgery, where novel approaches might be helpful. However, their evidence is commonly based on small series, case reports, or expert opinions.
Educator Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Mainstream Education: a Systematic Review
Authors: Russell Amy , Scriney Aideen , Smyth Sinéad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEducator attitudes towards inclusive education impact its success. Attitudes differ depending on the SEN cohort, and so the current systematic review is the first to focus solely on students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Seven databases searched yielded 13 relevant articles. The majority reported positive educator attitudes towards ASD inclusion but with considerable variety in the measures used. There were mixed findings regarding the impact of training and experience on attitudes but, where measured, higher self-efficacy was related to positive attitudes. In summary, educator ASD inclusion attitudes are generally positive but we highlight the need to move towards more homogeneous attitudinal measures. Further research is needed to aggregate data on attitudes towards SEN cohorts other than those with ASD.
The global nuclear order and the crisis of the nuclear non-proliferation regime: Taking stock and moving forward
Authors: Baldus Jana , Müller Harald , Wunderlich Carmen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is a central element of the global nuclear order, the primary goal of which is to prevent nuclear war. But this understanding is being threatened by a number of developments. Frustration about the lack of nuclear disarmament and concerns about humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons led to the negotiation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). The new treaty has further exposed existing fault lines within the NPT and exacerbated unresolved conflicts over the proper approach to disarmament and the weighting of the NPT pillars. Currently, disagreements over the compatibility of the two treaties and the approach to the TPNW in particular divide the membership of the NPT. At the same time, real proliferation cases test the regime’s ability to act, as norm enforcement is regularly hampered by interference from the great powers. These developments—the absence of genuine disarmament, disputes among NPT members, competition between the TPNW and the NPT, and actual nuclear proliferation—are part of a comprehensive crisis and destabilization of the non-proliferation regime. We argue that three developments are necessary to restabilize the regime: a cooperative resolution of the power struggles among the major powers; a depolarization of the inter-group divisions in the NPT; and a return to the principle of nuclear war prevention as a common maxim for action.