bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive peacock basses (Cichla spp.) and decreased abundance of small native fish in Brazilian reservoirs
Authors: Franco Ana Clara Sampaio , Petry Ana Cristina , García‐Berthou Emili , dos Santos Luciano Neves 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Peacock basses (Cichla spp.) have been introduced in impoundments for decades, and their negative impacts on the native fish fauna have been documented. However, previous studies largely focused on the overall responses of fish assemblages, often neglecting specific predator–prey interactions and the underlying effects of environmental characteristics.
Here, the effects of peacock bass introduction on the size structure (<120, 120–180 and >180 mm in total length) of fish assemblages in reservoirs of the Paraíba do Sul river basin were assessed. The abundance and time since the introduction of peacock basses were used as predictors, together with reservoir features, limnological variables and habitat composition as potential influencing factors.
Descriptors of the overall community (richness, abundance and species composition) were only marginally associated with the occurrence of peacock basses. However, small and (to a lesser extent) medium‐sized fish were adversely affected by the abundance and introduction time of peacock basses. Two pelagic native characids – namely Astyanax cf. bimaculatus and Oligosarcus hepsetus – were the most affected.
Redundancy analysis showed that reservoir age and macrophyte cover were the best predictors of fish assemblage composition. Older reservoirs and reservoirs with a higher cover of macrophytes showed a greater abundance of catfish and characids, respectively.
Peacock basses appear to affect fish assemblages through predation on small fish. Therefore, analyses of assemblages by size are recommended, as the use of overall assemblage descriptors may not be sufficient to capture the adverse effects of peacock basses. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of conserving and restoring habitats in littoral zones, which function as refuges for native fish species in reservoirs. Further educational and management measures are warranted to prevent the spread of peacock basses to other reservoirs in Brazil.
Transient expression of NF200 by fibers in the nasal septum and rostral telencephalon of developing opossums (Monodelphis domestica)
Authors: Hour Naussicca Lakena , Cabana Thérèse , Pflieger Jean‐François 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMarsupials are born very immature and crawl on their mother's belly to attach to teats. Sensory information is required to guide the newborn and to induce attachment to the teat. Olfaction has been classically proposed to influence neonatal behaviors, but recent studies suggest that the central olfactory structures are too immature to account for them. In the newborn opossum, we previously described a fascicle of nerve fibers expressing neurofilament‐200 (NF200, a marker of fiber maturity) from the olfactory bulbs to the rostral telencephalon. The course of these fibers is compatible with that of the terminal nerve that, during development, is characterized by the presence of neurons synthetizing gonadotropin hormones (GnRH). To evaluate if these fibers are related to the terminal nerve and if they play a role in precocious behaviors in opossums, we used immunohistochemistry against NF200 and GnRH. The results show that NF200‐labeled fibers are present between P0 and P11, but do not reach much further caudally than the septal region. Only a few NF200‐labeled fibers were found near the olfactory and vomeronasal epitheliums and they did not penetrate the olfactory bulbs. NF200‐labeled fibers follow the same path as fibers labeled for GnRH. In contrast to the latter, NF200‐labeled fibers are no longer visible at P15. These results suggest that these fibers are neither from the olfactory nor from the vomeronasal nerves but may be part of the terminal nerve. Their limited caudal extension does not support a role in the sensorimotor behaviors of the newborn opossum.
Pyrolysis kinetics of hydrochar using distributed activation energy model
Authors: Kamal Suprio , Hossain Shahriar , Salma Ummay , Islam Saiful , Kabir Kazi Bayzid , Kirtania Kawnish 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProducing hydrochar from landfill municipal solid wastes (MSW) is a sustainable alternative to existing waste management practices in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In this study, mixed MSW feedstock (sent for landfilling) was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization to produce hydrochars. The hydrochar showing the highest heating value was subjected to pyrolysis at 5, 10, and 20 K min−1 heating rates. Based on the pyrolysis characteristics, a three pseudo‐component‐based distributed activation energy model was employed to describe the pyrolysis kinetics. The activation energy distributions for the three pseudo‐components were 140 ± 8.7 kJ mol−1, 190 ± 1 kJ mol−1 and 175.9 ± 24.9 kJ mol−1, which were able to predict the pyrolysis profile at all heating rates with R2 > 0.999. Differential thermogravimetric profiles of the hydrochar revealed its pyrolytic reactivity to resemble lignocellulosic constituents. Fourier‐transform infrared analysis of the hydrochar showed retention of oxygen‐containing functional groups (associated with lignocellulosic constituents) from the parent feedstock. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on target recognition and tracking in mobile augmented reality assisted maintenance
Authors: Sun Libo , Zhang Xiaokai , Qin Wenhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe recognition and tracking of maintenance targets is the basis of augmented reality assisted maintenance. To address the problems of the current recognition and tracking algorithms, such as high time complexity, low pose tracking accuracy, and high requirements for hardware equipment, this paper studies a light weight maintenance target recognition algorithm based on YOLOv5s, and then the VI ORB‐SLAM algorithm is adopted to track the maintenance target. In addition, the ORB feature extraction and the visual inertial initialization are improved for the VI ORB‐SLAM algorithm. Finally, the combined algorithm is deployed on the mobile phone. Taking the augmented reality assisted vehicle maintenance as an example, it is verified that the proposed approach is practical feasible and effective in the actual assisted maintenance scene.
Phytocosmetic Containing Pink Pepper Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction
Authors: Guzzo Silva Bruno , Caramori Cefali Letícia , de Tarso Vieira e Rosa Paulo , Franco Julia Gomes , Gava Mazzola Priscila , Frattini Fileti Ana Maria , Foglio Mary Ann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) has high potential for commercial use because of its biological activities (anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant activities, among others). Herein, the antioxidant activity of a topical formulation containing pink pepper extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is reported. The effects of extraction pressure (100–300 bar) and temperature (40–60 °C) on its antioxidant activity were investigated. The extracts obtained at 50–60 °C showed a higher inhibition percentage in the α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (80.16–91.27 %), regardless of pressure. The extract obtained under optimized conditions (200 bar and 50 °C) was incorporated into an oil‐in‐water emulsion containing 2 % (m/m) pink pepper extract. The product presented a creamy texture, light rose color, mild spicy odor, and desirable pH for a topical formulation. Furthermore, the product was stable and remained effective when stored and protected from heat and light, showing 35.38 % inhibition of DPPH.
Characteristics of wheat flour blends with water chestnut flour and effects of different temperature on frozen fermented dough
Authors: Zhang Keke , Zeng Jie , Gao Haiyan , Liu Yufen , Zhang Lin , Wang Mengyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of different substitutions of water chestnut flour (WCF) on the quality of wheat flour and fermented dough. Changes in the quality of fermented dough containing the optimum amount of WCF (10%) were analyzed after it was frozen and stored at −6°C, −12°C, −18°C, and −24°C for 15 days.FindingsSignificant changes occurred in mixolab test and the optimum addition of WCF was 10%, as reflected by the longest dough stability time, the lowest dough weakening degree, and the strongest dough thermal stability. The peak viscosity of the flour mix increased significantly and the gelatinization temperature decreased significantly with the increase of WCF addition. The fermented dough with 10% WCF had similar textural properties to the dough without WCF. After frozen storage, the hardness of fermented dough containing 10% WCF stored at −12°C, −18°C, and −24°C were significantly higher than that of the control (without frozen storage). The fermentation volumes of doughs at −12°C and −24°C were larger than that at −18°C, and the gluten network structure at −24°C remained relatively intact.ConclusionsFrozen storage at −12°C and −24°C could maintain the texture and gluten network structure of the mixed dough containing an optimum amount of 10% WCF.Significance and NoveltyThe quality changes of fermented dough containing the optimum amount of WCF during frozen storage at different freezing temperatures were explored to provide a theoretical basis for the frozen flour products containing WCF.
Investigating diverse barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) germplasm for thermostability of β‐amylase: A key player of diastatic power
Authors: Rani Heena , Bhardwaj Rachana D. , Kaur Simarjit , Grewal Satvir K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and Objectivesβ‐amylase plays a vital role in starch hydrolysis during mashing to obtain fermentable wort for beer production. Since starch gelatinization requires a high temperature, the catalytic activity, and thermostability of β‐amylase are crucial for obtaining high‐quality malt owing to its heat‐labile character. This study aimed to determine the variation in thermostability of β‐amylase among a diverse set of barley genotypes (hulled, hulless, mutants, and wild).FindingsStatistical analysis indicated the significant effect of genotype and temperature on β‐amylase activity. The mutant genotypes had a wider variation for β‐amylase activity followed by hulled, hulless, and wild genotypes. The % relative residual activity was found to be the highest at 55°C for all the genotypes. Among 54 barley genotypes, PL891 (hulless) was reported to have the highest activity at all temperatures followed by BL1714 (hulled) and BL2105 (mutant) which shows the thermostable nature of β‐amylase in these genotypes. The β‐amylase activity was positively correlated with the amount of reducing sugars formed at a 1% level of significance (r = .852), further corroborating the results.ConclusionsThe β‐amylase activity declined after 55°C in the majority of the genotypes depicting its optimum temperature. Few genotypes, namely PL891, BL1714, and BL2105 had been identified that possessed high β‐amylase activity at all temperatures.Significance and Noveltyβ‐amylase with high thermostability may prove more helpful than selecting the genotype with higher β‐amylase levels if one attempts to increase the amount of fermentable sugars in the wort. Therefore, in the current study genotypes identified with high thermostability of β‐amylase may be exploited in the genetic improvement programs for incorporating beneficial traits into low malting efficiency cultivars but possessing high yield and resistance to various stresses.
Facile Construction of Zn‐Doped Mn3O4−MnO2 Vertical Nanosheets for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Ko Wen Yin , Lubis Andre Lammiduk , Wang Ho Ya , Wu Tung Ching , Lin Shin Ting , Lin Kuan Jiuh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries with good electrochemical performances have been considered as compelling alternatives in miniaturized energy storage units due to their small‐size, better safety, greener manufacturing condition, and easy‐to‐recycle process. Herein, a binder‐free manganese oxide (MnOx), comprising of MnO2 and Mn3O4 constructed by engineering it with zinc doping used as a cathode material for eco‐friendly aqueous Zn ion battery is developed. A green and simple electrochemical deposition synthesis of Zn‐doped Mn3O4−MnO2 nanocomposite with vertically‐oriented 3D porous cereal‐like nanosheet framework (ZnMM‐NSs) is reproducibly performed directly onto the surface of AgCNT modified Ni foam in a mild aqueous ZnSO4+MnSO4 electrolyte. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on Zn doping in Mn3O4−MnO2 nanocomposite and the subsequent device assembly for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Zinc doping induced electrical/ionic conductivity enhancement, along with more active sites provided by 3D porous cereal‐like nanostructures and multiple Mn valences, this ZnMM‐NSs cell can deliver a high capacity, good rate performance, and satisfying cycling stability. Also, the Zn‐doped manganese oxides are obtained by a green method, which can reduce the entire cost, the usage of toxic solvents, the consumption of energy, and the disposable by‐product, paving the way for developing cost‐effective, easy‐to‐recycle, and environmentally friendly next‐generation energy storage systems.
Electrochemically Determining Electronic Structure of ZnO Quantum Dots with Different Surface Ligands
Authors: Xian Longbin , Zhang Nanlin , Luo Zufu , Zhang Xiaolin , Yuan Chonglin , Li Xiuting 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe electronic structure of quantum dots (QDs) including band edges and possible trap states is an important physical property for optoelectronic applications. The reliable determination of the energy levels of QDs remains a big challenge. Herein we employ cyclic voltammetry (CV) to determine the energy levels of three types of ZnO QDs with different surface ligands. Coupled with spectroscopic techniques, it is found that the onset potential of the first reductive wave is likely related to the conduction band edges while the first oxidative wave originates from the trap states. The determined specific energy levels in CV further demonstrates that the ZnO QDs without surface ligands mainly have oxygen interstitial defects whilst the ZnO QDs covered with ligands contain oxygen vacancies. The present electrochemical method offers a powerful and effective way to determine the energy levels of wide bandgap ZnO QDs, which will boost their device performance.
Spontaneous Synthesis of [FeII(Atrz)3]SO4 and its Analogues Through Accelerated Ageing: New Insights from Small‐Scale Reactions
Authors: Lonergan Rhona F. , Conway Georgina A. , Doheny Patrick W. , Shepherd Helena J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccelerated ageing reactions that take place between two solid materials on contact in the absence of added solvent have been used to synthesize two spin‐crossover‐active 1D coordination polymers and one of their Cu(II) analogues. The hygroscopy of the ligands and the relative humidity of the reaction chamber have been shown to be particularly important factors in the rate of reaction. Small‐scale reactions between a few individual crystals have allowed observation of deliquescence of the 4‐aminotriazole ligand at high humidity. The metal salt does not dissolve, and the ligand diffuses into the crystal of the metal salt during the reaction. In the case of the Cu analogue, the formation of the product causes the crystal of the metal salt to deform with the formation of pseudocrystals, which have a fibrous structure.
Substituted Cyclopentannulated Tetraazapentacenes
Authors: Maier Steffen , Heckershoff Robin , Hippchen Nikolai , Brödner Kerstin , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrominated pentannulated dihydrotetraazapentacenes were prepared by gold‐ or palladium‐catalyzed 5‐endo‐digcyclization of TIPS‐ethynylated dihydrotetraazaacenes (TIPS = triisopropylsilyl). Post‐functionalization was demonstrated by Sonogashira alkynylation and Rosenmund‐von Braun cyanation. Calculations predict these species to act as n‐type semiconductors, which was verified for two derivates through characterization in organic field‐effect transistors.
Phenotypic Screening of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Murtaza , Sedighi Abootaleb , Olaoye Olasunkanmi O. , Häberli Cécile , Merz Annika , Ramos‐Morales Elizabeth , de Araujo Elvin D. , Romier Christophe , Jung Manfred , Keiser Jennifer , Gunning Patrick T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a prevalent yet neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by the Schistosoma genus of blood flukes. Praziquantel is the only currently available treatment, hence drug resistance poses a major threat. Recently, histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) selective inhibitors have been proposed as a viable treatment for schistosomiasis. Herein, we report the phenotypic screening of a focused library of small molecules of varying HDAC isozyme‐inhibition profiles, including eight HDAC8 inhibitors with >10‐fold selectivity in comparable functional inhibition assays and IC50 values against HDAC8<100 nM. HDAC8‐selective inhibitors showed the lowest potency against Schistosoma mansoni newly transformed schistosomula (NTS). Pan‐HDAC inhibitors MMH258, MMH259, and MMH373, as assessed by functional inhibition assays, with minimal or no‐observed hHDAC8 and SmHDAC8 activities, were active against both NTS (MMH258, IC50=1.5 μM; MMH259, IC50=2.3 μM) and adult S. mansoni (MMH258, IC50=2.1 μM; MMH373, IC50=3.4 μM). Our results indicate that neither hHDAC8 nor SmHDAC8 activity were directly correlated to their NTS and adult S. mansoni activities.
Switchable Polymerization: A Practicable Strategy to Produce Biodegradable Block Copolymers with Diverse Properties
Authors: Jia Yifan , Sun Zhiqiang , Hu Chenyang , Pang Xuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the global demand for sustainable development, there has been an increasing interest in using natural biomass as raw resources to produce sustainable polymers as an alternative to petroleum‐based polymers. Because monocomponent biodegradable polymers are often insufficient in performance, copolymers with well‐engineered block structures are synthesized to reach wide tunability. Switchable polymerization is such a practical strategy to produce biodegradable block copolymers with diverse performance. This review focus on the performance of block copolymers bearing biodegradable polymer segments produced by diverse switchable polymerization. We highlight two main segments that are critical for biodegradable block copolymers, i. e., polyester and polycarbonate, summarize the multiple characters of materials from switchable polymerization such as antibacterial, shape memory, adhesives, etc. The state‐of‐the‐art research on biodegradable block copolymers, as well as an outlook on the preparation and application of novel materials, are presented.
Identifying and managing complications caused by cosmetic neurotoxin treatment
Authors: Brown Ariel , Teller Craig 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAny practitioner trained in using cosmetic botulinum toxin type A for on‐label and off‐label indications must stay informed of the possible complications from treatments. Though prevention of complications is ideal, management of adverse events, when they occur, is integral for a positive patient outcome. Major long‐term complications from botulinum toxin treatment are rarely observed because the agent eventually metabolizes after 3–4 months. As such, minor complications are more commonly observed and may be problematic in the short‐term. These complications seen from botulinum toxin can be organized into three main categories: (1) injection‐related complications, (2) complications intrinsic to the toxin's pharmacologic properties, and (3) the practitioner's injection technique in specific anatomical locations. Common injection‐related complications, such as pain, swelling, bruising, a heavy sensation, and headache, are well‐tolerated and well‐managed, though practitioners may consider implementing certain techniques to help mitigate these complications. Complications due to pharmacologic properties of botulinum toxin allow for an interesting discussion of complex topics, such as the genesis of the Black Box Warning on distant migration, potency and efficacy with storage conditions, lethal dose, diffusion, and immunogenicity. In addition, injection techniques for specific anatomical locations as well as recommendations for avoiding and managing complications at each location are discussed in detail.
Dynamics of insect communities across a unique network of hydrologically altered riparian habitats in central China
Authors: Butler Orpheus M. , Ye Chen , Zhang Quanfa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe establishment of hydroelectric dams can lead to major changes in hydrology for habitats within the reservoir drawdown zones. The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in China is the world's largest hydroelectric facility, with a reservoir covering 1080 km2 and a drawdown zone covering 350 km2. Since the TGD's establishment in 2008, the formerly terrestrial habitats within the dam's drawdown zone have effectively been converted to riparian habitats. A strong understanding of ecological dynamics in these novel habitats is critical to their ongoing management. Given the major contribution of insects to ecosystem function and biodiversity, we surveyed riparian insect communities semi‐annually from 2011 to 2018 across a 600‐km network of 18 sites in the TGD's drawdown zone. During this period, the total abundance of insects increased 4.4‐fold, and the composition of insect communities shifted significantly, with Diptera increasingly dominant in later years. Insect abundance trajectories were coupled with concomitant changes in local climate and soil chemistry, which have in turn been brought on by the novel hydrological regime in the drawdown zone. Revegetation efforts had limited impacts on riparian insect abundances. Overall, riparian insect communities have undergone marked shifts since the TGD started operating. We cannot explicitly attribute these effects to the TGD's establishment, but our results indicate that they might have been shaped by—or are at least coupled with—the profound changes in hydrological conditions associated with the TGD's establishment.
Intestinal CD8+ tissue‐resident memory T cells: From generation to function
Authors: Cheng Liqing , Becattini Simone 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm), and particularly the CD8+ subset, have been shown to play a pivotal role in protection against infections and tumors. Studies in animal models and human tissues have highlighted that, while a core functional program is shared by Trm at all anatomical sites, distinct tissues imprint unique features through specific molecular cues. The intestinal tissue is often the target of pathogens for local proliferation and penetration into the host systemic circulation, as well as a prominent site of tumorigenesis. Therefore, promoting the formation of Trm at this location is an appealing therapeutic option. The various segments composing the gastrointestinal tract present distinctive histological and functional characteristics, which may reflect on the imprinting of unique functional features in the respective Trm populations. What these features are, and whether they can effectively be harnessed to promote local and systemic immunity, is still under investigation. Here, we review how Trm are generated and maintained in distinct intestinal niches, analyzing the required molecular signals and the models utilized to uncover them. We also discuss evidence for a protective role of Trm against infectious agents and tumors. Finally, we integrate the knowledge obtained from animal models with that gathered from human studies.