bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXERCISE AND NUTRITION ON SARCOPENIA AND FUNCTIONAL SARCOPENIA: FINDINGS FROM RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Ji Sunghwan , Jang Il-Young 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia (KWGS) established guidelines for diagnosing sarcopenia, introducing the concept of functional sarcopenia. However, the effectiveness of exercise and nutrition interventions among sarcopenia and functional sarcopenia based on these guidelines remains unexplored. To address this gap, we recruited 86 older adults with sarcopenia and 42 with functional sarcopenia from a rural Korean community, randomly assigning them to intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Sarcopenia was defined by low grip strength and/or low physical performance with low muscle mass, while functional sarcopenia was identified by low grip strength and low physical performance with preserved muscle mass. Participants in the intervention group underwent group exercises and a nutrition program for 24 weeks. Comprehensive geriatric assessments were conducted for both groups before and after the interventions. The primary outcome measure was the change in gait speed, with additional sarcopenia-related parameters also compared. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in gait speed in both sarcopenia (mean change (m/s) 0.14 vs. -0.04; p&lt; 0.001) and in functional sarcopenia (0.24 vs. 0.00, p&lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the intervention group exhibited greater improvement in short physical performance battery score, grip strength, quality of life in both sarcopenia and functional sarcopenia. There were no significant differences in muscle mass or clinical frailty scale between the intervention and control groups. In conclusion, exercise and nutrition interventions were beneficial for physical performance and muscle strength in sarcopenia and functional sarcopenia according to KWGS guidelines, among community-dwelling Korean older adults. (Registration number: KCT0008952, KCT0008953)
DIETARY INFLAMMATION AND FALL RISK IN THE ELDERLY: DII AND E-DII SCORE ANALYSIS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Fallahi Afsaneh , Lohman Matthew , Hebert James , Price Sherry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objective
The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) are quantitative tools assessing the inflammatory potential of a diet, but these metrics have seldom been applied or compared in a large representative population of older adults. This study aims to calculate and evaluate the association of these indices with fall risk in the elderly.

Methods
DII and E-DII scores were computed for a subsample of 8,035 respondents from the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS), integrated within the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Using self-reported data from the Harvard FFQ for 33 out of 45 nutrient parameters, individual DII, and E-DII (adjusted per 1000 kcal intake) scores were computed. Using 2022 HRS data on the history of falls, which was measured binary, and after adjusting for other covariates, logistic regression analyses in SAS software were conducted to assess the associations of interest.

Results
The mean DII score was 0.56 (SD = 2.74) and the E-DII was -0.08 (SD = 2.01). The DII model showed no significant association with fall risk (F-value: 0.85, p = 0.36). Conversely, the E-DII model demonstrated a significant inverse association (F-value: 10.49, p= 0.0012) with an E-DII coefficient of -0.059, p = 0.00012.

Conclusion
Results suggest that higher anti-inflammatory diets, according to E-DII scores, are associated with a lower fall risk among the elderly. E-DII may better reflect the diet’s impact on health outcomes. Keywords: DII, E-DII, HRS, Falls, Older Adults
EFFECT OF D-ALLULOSE ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ENDURANCE ABILITY: IS D-ALLULOSE AN EXERCISE MIMETIC?
Authors: Koike Teruhiko , Gou Yang , Liu Bingyang , Natsume Yukie , Tsuzuki Takamasa , Shahriar Kamal , Banno Ryoichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
D-Allulose, a rare sugar and C3-epimer of D-fructose has been proposed as a candidate for dietary restriction mimetics via inhibition of glycolysis. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects have been reported in rodents and human subjects. Here, we report that D-allulose increases the glucose infusion rate in the two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test in high-fat or high-sucrose diet-fed rat models. Consistently, the insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT in the skeletal muscle was higher with D-allulose administration with decreased levels of inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α. We also report the effect of D-allulose on insulin sensitivity and aerobic performance in a healthy mice model and compare them with exercise training effects. D-allulose enhanced insulin sensitivity, increased running distance, and maximal aerobic speed (MAS). The improved exercise performance was associated with lower blood lactate levels and increased liver glycogen contents. D-allulose also enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Our results indicate that D-allulose administration improves insulin sensitivity and enhances endurance ability like exercise training.
PILOT NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR VETERANS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR CAREGIVERS
Authors: Giffuni Jamie , Barton-Ort Kelly , Dennis Elizabeth , Addison Odessa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The prevalence of dementia is expected to increase as the Veteran population ages. Caring for a Veteran with dementia impacts the physical and mental health of the caregiver. Programs are needed to support the health and wellbeing of both Veteran and caregiver. Vets & Veggies is a whole health(y) aging program that provides free produce to Veterans visiting the Geriatric Wellness Center. This project describes the development of a novel, pilot nutrition program combining nutrition education with kitchen skill development and fresh produce access for Veterans living with dementia and their caregivers, Vets & Veggies for Caregivers (V&VC). One-hour in-person classes led by a registered dietitian with experience in geriatrics occurred weekly for 4 weeks. Topics included: Feeding tips for Caregivers/Caring for YOUR nutrition; MyPlate/Healthy Eating for Older Adults; the importance of protein intake; cooking with spices/low sodium cooking. Participants received free produce with recipes/tips for use, and adaptive kitchen equipment for safe preparation by the Veteran. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System – Fruit and Vegetable Module, Caregiver Self Efficacy 8-Item Scale, Zarit Caregiving Burden 6-Item Survey, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment were completed by the caregiver pre and post-program. Two Veteran/caregiver dyads and one caregiver attended all classes with small positive trends in fruit and vegetable intake, decreased caregiving burden score, and improved nutrition assessment score. Participants enjoyed and looked forward to the classes. This pilot program demonstrated feasibility for developing and implementing a program designed to improve the whole health of Veterans living with dementia and their caregivers.
VETS AND VEGGIES: FEASIBILITY OF OFFERING A FREE ONSITE FARMER’S MARKET TO OLDER VETERANS
Authors: Dennis Elizabeth , Drumheller Jake , Barton-Ort Kelly , Giffuni Jamie , Beans Jeffrey , Addison Odessa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This project evaluated a 6-month, free, onsite farmer’s market offered through Gerofit, a health promotion program for older Veterans. Each week, 4-8 fresh produce items were delivered to the Gerofit gym facility as a strategy to overcome barriers related to fresh produce access. Participants self-selected items, taking as many or few items as preferred. Gerofit staff sent weekly emails with suggested recipes for produce preparation and recorded weekly leftover produce. An end of season administered questionnaire assessed Veterans’ perceived impact on diet, reasons for choosing weekly produce items and open-ended feedback. The most common weekly leftover items were leafy greens (e.g., lettuce, chard) and squash. Of 25 participants who completed questionnaires, 60% reported eating new types of produce because of the farmer’s market. Eleven participants reported trying a new item specifically because of Gerofit staff recommendations. When asked why they didn’t choose specific items, 15 reported being unsure of preparation methods and 10 reported disliking the item. When asked what participants did with the produce received, most (84%) said they cooked it using their own recipe. Nineteen participants (76%) reported that the farmer’s market saved them money, 72% reported that it made it easier for them to eat healthier, and 60% said it helped them eat a wider variety of produce. Veterans rated the weekly produce 9.7/10 (1-10 scale; 10 being most helpful). Future studies are needed to implement and evaluate strategies designed to increase overall participation, encourage trying new produce, and reduce weekly food waste.
EVALUATION OF PHARMACY-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS WITHIN A COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT TEAM
Authors: Cervantes Maria , Patel Nikil , Tillmann Jacob , Cigolle Christine , Bieber Heather , Dunlap Janette , Phillips Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Rural older Veterans face unique challenges in managing multiple chronic conditions. A novel, virtual Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) clinic, at a southeastern Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center, aimed to optimize medications for this population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the geriatric clinical pharmacist (GCP) recommendations and their implementation for the CGA patients’ medication regimens.

Methods
The study performed electronic health record review of North Florida/South Georgia VA CGA patients, focusing on GCP recommendations targeting potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and polypharmacy. Recommendations were categorized as: discontinue, switch, taper, request further provider review, address polypharmacy. Recommendations were evaluated as to whether they were implemented and when the implementation occurred.

Results
The study population consisted of 273 Veterans. 86 Veterans received no recommendations. The GCP provided 323 recommendations for 187 Veterans, with 156 (48.3%) implemented. Recommendation uptake was highest for requesting provider review of a medication issue (58%); it was lowest for switching medications (27.9%). Implemented recommendations regarding medication categories included: non-anticholinergic BEERs Criteria medications, 36.3%; anticholinergic medications, 41.8%; hypoglycemic or hypotensive risk medications, 69%; general polypharmacy issues, 42.9%; other medications, 56.7%.

Conclusion
This virtual GCP intervention, as part of a broader virtual CGA clinic, demonstrated successful implementation of deprescribing and medication optimizing recommendations, resulting in reduction in use of PIMs and polypharmacy in rural older rural Veterans. The intervention also resulted in increased collaboration with PCPs. Future evaluation needs to study the intervention’s long-term outcomes in decreasing polypharmacy and increasing medication safety for this vulnerable population.
OPTIMIZING POLYPHARMACY CARE: INSIGHTS FROM PHARMACISTS INFORMING A POPULATION HEALTH APPROACH
Authors: Tantipinichwong Nicha , Mustafa Dina , Avidon Irina , Rosen Sonja , Keller Michelle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over 60% of older adults grapple with multimorbidity (more than one chronic condition), while polypharmacy (taking four or more medications) is prevalent in 65% of cases. Polypharmacy correlates with adverse outcomes such as mortality, falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and decline in functionality and cognition. Many health systems lack systematic monitoring of polypharmacy and its consequences. To address this, we aimed to develop a population health outcomes dashboard for a large urban health system, focusing on polypharmacy outcomes. We also aimed to increase the effectiveness of our polypharmacy consults. Our qualitative study, employing Framework Analysis, involved interviews with eight clinical pharmacists conducting polypharmacy medication review consults for older adults. We aimed to identify challenges, enhance clinic efficiency, and pinpoint data and outcomes for tracking on the dashboard. Major challenges included time constraints due to lengthy medication lists, lack of documentation of herbal supplements on medication lists, and patients’ readiness for consultations. Opportunities for efficiency improvement included pre-consultation patient preparation, streamlined note templates, and prioritizing intervention elements in each visit. Beyond clinical and disease-related outcomes, valuable dashboard measurements encompassed patients’ and physicians’ perceived benefits (e.g., improved medication adherence). These findings will guide enhancements to the polypharmacy clinic workflow and provide insight for the development of the polypharmacy outcomes and interventions dashboard.
THE ROLE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN COMMUNITY-BASED REHABILITATION USE AFTER HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Bove Allyn , Bise Christopher , Terhorst Lauren , Allen Kelli , Magnani Jared , Delitto Anthony , Freburger Janet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Community-based rehabilitation in the home health and outpatient settings is an important element of recovering function after total hip arthroplasty (THA). While there is ample evidence confirming sociodemographic differences in THA rates and short-term outcomes (e.g., post-operative complications), it is unclear whether there are differences in use of rehabilitation after THA. We analyzed 5 years of data (2017-2021) from a large health system on patients who received rehabilitation in the home health (n=6577) and/or outpatient setting (n=3,094) after THA. We estimated several regression models to examine the separate associations between sex, race, area deprivation, or rural residence with the number of visits and length of care in home health and outpatient settings, adjusting for age, hospital, hospital length of stay, non-home discharge, comorbidities, and marital status. Female sex was associated with greater rehabilitation use for 3 of 4 outcomes: number of home health visits (p&lt;.001), number of outpatient visits (p=.04), and length of outpatient care (p&lt;.001), but not length of home health care. High area deprivation was associated with higher use of home health visits (p&lt;.001), but not length of the episode of home health care or outpatient rehabilitation use. Rural residence was associated with fewer home health visits (p=.04) and shorter outpatient episodes of care (p=.02). Race was not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. Overall, results were mixed, with rural residents generally receiving less post-arthroplasty rehabilitation, and women and those residing in more-deprived neighborhoods receiving more rehabilitation services.
TRAINING ASIAN AND WHITE FAMILY CAREGIVERS LIFE REVIEW DEPRESSION INTERVENTION: A MIXED-METHODS COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Miyawaki Christina , McClellan Angela , Bouldin Erin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Approximately 10% of older Americans living with Alzheimer’s dementia experience depression, yet behavioral interventions remain scarce. We developed a 6-week depression intervention, Caregiver-Provided Life Review (C-PLR) based on life review therapy. The purposes of this study were to examine the feasibility of training Asian and White family caregivers in life review skills and examine the impact on care recipients’ depressive symptoms as 77% of Asian dyads conducted the study in their native language. Using a mixed-methods design, Asian (n=15: 7=Chinese, 4=Japanese, 2=Vietnamese, 1=Filipino and Korean) and White (n=25) caregiver-care recipient dyads were trained. We measured care recipients’ pre- and post-intervention depression (primary outcome), life satisfaction, caregivers’ burden, rewards of caregiving, and dyads’ relationship quality (secondary outcomes) scores, and compared them by paired t-tests. We evaluated the feasibility of caregivers’ training by fidelity check-in scores. All dyads completed the study. Asian (mean age=52 years) and White (60 years) caregivers were working, female, and in good/excellent health. Their care recipients (Asian=82 and White=80 years) were female and in poor/fair health. Both Asian and White care recipients’ depression and dyads’ relationship from baseline to post-intervention significantly improved (Asian=1.9, p&lt; 0.001; 0.9, p=0.029; White=1.0, p=0.034; 0.6, p=0.033, respectively). Both caregivers’ fidelity scores were identical and similarly high (15.4; 15.3, p=0.91). Qualitative interviews of both caregivers supported the sentiments of the quantitative results. The language of Asian dyads appeared no influence on any outcomes. This study demonstrates that the C-PLR can be added to a list of successful non-pharmaceutical interventions for Asian and White older adults.
BRIDGING SOCIAL GAPS WITH THE VIRTUAL FRIENDLY VISITORS INITIATIVE
Authors: Gordon Barbara , Yankeelov Pamela , Faul Anna , Miceli Chelsea , Cotton Samantha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Social isolation affects one in four older adults aged 65 and over, significantly increasing the risk of premature death and dementia. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this isolation, highlighting the urgent need for strategies to foster connections among older adults. Utilizing COVID-Cares Act funds, our Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) transformed the Friendly Visitors Program into a virtual initiative (VFVP), distributing tablets to enable social engagement through virtual visits. Ninety-six older adults actively engaged with 45 volunteer visitors across 601 virtual visits. The areas of interaction revolved around life reviews, family support, validating feelings, social determinants of health and hobbies. Evaluation data indicates improved mood, increased awareness of community resources, and high levels of satisfaction with the program. These visits led to the identification of changes in biological and behavioral health, home health needs, and neglect concerns by the visitors, resulting in appropriate referrals. VFVP not only improved mood and social engagement among participating older adults but also played a crucial role in monitoring health, connecting participants with vital resources, and assisting with environmental challenges to support independence. This success underscores the importance of community and technology in combating isolation and promoting the well-being of older adults, highlighting the potential of virtual programs. In this presentation, our team will explore the critical role friendly visitors play in monitoring health conditions. The session will also examine how friendly visitors can act as vital links between older adults and essential community resources, ensuring that needs ranging from nutrition to mobility are met.
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS’ OUTREACH AND SERVICE DELIVERY TO OLDER ADULTS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA AND FAMILY CAREGIVERS
Authors: Lee Kathy , Cassidy Jessica , Jang Soeun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current study examined various types of social services for older adults living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia (ADRD) and their family caregivers, as well as the methods of delivery employed by home- and community-based organizations. Using a qualitative study design, this study aimed to identify strategies for enhancing support for older adults with ADRD and their family caregivers. A convenience sample method was employed to recruit service providers from nine home- and community-based organizations working closely with older adults living with ADRD and their family caregivers. Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted online and transcribed verbatim by professionals. Three themes emerged: (1) culturally tailored outreach and services, (2) engagement of older adults living with ADRD and their family caregivers, and (3) collaboration efforts between home- and community-based organizations. Our findings revealed that organizations have tried creative ways to reach their population and educate people on dementia and dementia care. Especially, nonconventional methods (e.g., religion-based outreach or edutainment – an approach combining educational content with entertaining/easy-to-understand elements, such as storytelling or drama) were more frequently discussed among organizations serving people from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. While many organizations have adopted technology to deliver services, many mentioned technologies were not a long-term solution, specifically for older adults with ADRD, as non-verbal cues such as eye contact and physical touch were considered critical for communication and providing care for older adults with ADRD.
COMMUNITY RESOURCE AWARENESS AND REFERRAL PRACTICES OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS TO SUPPORT OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Rudolph Catherine , Francis Sarah , Bauman Alexandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is mounting evidence that social determinants of health (SDOH), such as housing, income, and food insecurity, have a significant impact on health outcomes. Support for SDOH is vital to ensuring optimal well-being among older adults and preventing unnecessary strain on healthcare resources. Successful partnerships between healthcare and community-based services can help to identify and address the SDOH affecting aging adults’ health. This study examined SDOH screening and intervention practices among healthcare providers, and their awareness and partnerships with community-based food and nutrition services. A nationwide online survey was completed by 160 U.S. healthcare providers who provide care to adults over 60. Descriptive statistics were conducted to assess screening and referral practices. Associations between these practices and provider characteristics are being assessed via Chi-square analyses. SDOH screening was highest for healthcare access, mental health, and food insecurity and lowest for social isolation and transportation. Respondents were most aware of and referred older patients to food pantries, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and nutrition education. They were least aware of the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program, Congregate Meal Program, and nutrition counseling. A majority shared that their healthcare practice has a protocol for community-based referrals. Paper handouts and verbal information were primary referral methods. Common referral barriers were staffing shortages and lack of program access. Over one-half expressed high/very high interest in learning more about community-based food and nutrition services. These findings can inform strategies and opportunities for partnership between healthcare and community-based services to address the needs of aging adults.