bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant polyphenols as green sunscreen ingredients: A systematic review
Authors: Ng Shin Yi , Eh Suk Vicit Rizal , Gew Lai Ti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundExcessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation has harmful effects on human skin. At present, synthetic and mineral types of sunscreens used to protect against these harmful damages have been reported to cause negative health and environmental effects. The studies involving characterization and isolation of phytoconstituents from natural botanical sources are important to discover their potential beneficial effects on sunscreen developmentAimThis systematic review provides specific and compiled information on the photoprotective properties of natural botanical sources for sunscreen development. The efforts in research and innovation are essential to ensure the safety and sustainability of plant‐based sunscreen products.MethodsIn this review, a total of 35 articles were selected using the Scopus database based on the inclusion and exclusion criteriaResultThe significant correlation between total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and sun protection factor were shown in these studies which confirmed the potential benefits of natural plants in sunscreen development.ConclusionsIn addition, natural botanical sources also exhibit excellent anti‐tyrosinase, anti‐aging, and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, the biological activities of plants were dependent on the solvents used for extraction.
Expression of Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists in periodontitis and healthy subjects, before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Chatzopoulos Georgios S. , Koidou Vasiliki P. , Wolff Larry F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeriodontitis is a preventable and treatable multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to irreversible periodontal destruction and tooth loss. Wnt signaling and its regulators play an important role in periodontal inflammation, destruction, regeneration, and reconstruction. This systematic review aimed at investigating the involvement of Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists in periodontitis and healthy subjects, before and after periodontal treatment. Electronic searches were carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases in addition to hand searches. Studies having different designs assessing the levels of Wnt signaling antagonist and agonist levels in gingival crevicular fluid, serum, and tissue in patients diagnosed with periodontitis or gingivitis, compared with healthy individuals were included. In addition, studies compared these levels in periodontitis patients before and after non‐surgical periodontal therapy were also eligible. Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Sclerostin (SOST) has been mainly investigated in the literature (8 publications). Sclerostin (5 studies), Wnt‐5a (2 studies), secreted frizzled‐related protein 1 (SFRP1) (3 studies), and β‐catenin (3 studies) show increased levels in periodontitis compared with periodontal health. Strong correlations between marker levels and periodontal clinical parameters were identified for SOST (5 studies), SFRP1 (2 studies), and β‐catenin (2 studies). SOST (3 studies) and SFRP1 (1 study) levels significantly decrease following non‐surgical periodontal treatment. The present systematic review demonstrated an association between Wnt signaling agonist and antagonist levels and periodontitis. Wnt agonists and antagonists may serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers for periodontitis onset and progression. Further case–control and longitudinal studies should be conducted for different Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists.
Effect of extrusion processing on techno‐functional, textural and bioactive properties of whole‐grain corn flour‐based breakfast cereals sweetened with honey
Authors: Bobade Hanuman , Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Savita , Gupta Antima , Singh Baljit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of honey and extrusion processing parameters on techno‐functional and bioactive properties of whole‐grain corn flour breakfast cereals. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to plan the experiments using feed moisture (FM), extrusion temperature (ET), and honey level as process variables and sectional expansion ratio (SER), bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), and textural hardness as response variables. The feed containing honey and whole‐grain corn flour was extruded through a twin‐screw extruder according to CCRD. The data were fit to the appropriate regression models based on model significance and insignificant lack of fit. The selected experiments from CCRD were considered for studying the bioactive properties, and the effect of ET and honey level on bioactive properties was determined. The results of the study indicated that FM and honey adversely affected the SER, BD, and textural hardness, while ET augmented these properties of breakfast cereals. The WAI decreased with an increase in honey level and ET during extrusion. The incremental addition of honey in the mix as well extrusion at elevated temperature led to higher WSI. The whole‐grain corn flour added with 10.22% honey and extruded at 16.06% FM, and 138.07°C ET produced optimum quality breakfast cereals with 0.70 desirability. The total phenolic content of breakfast cereals decreased, and antioxidant activity and hydroxymethylfurfural content increased upon extrusion at the higher temperatures. Honey addition lowers the loss of phenolic content during extrusion and improves the antioxidant activity of breakfast cereals.
Drivers of change in weight‐for‐height among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia: Risk factors and data gaps to identify risk factors
Authors: Girma Meron , Hussein Alemayehu , Baye Kaleab , Samuel Aregash , van Zyl Cornelia , Tessema Masresha , Chitekwe Stanley , Laillou Arnaud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe prevention of wasting should be a public health priority as the global burden of acute malnutrition is still high. Gaps still exist in our understanding of context‐specific risk factors and interventions that can be implemented to prevent acute malnutrition. We used data from the four rounds of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2000–2016) to identify risk factors that have contributed to the change in weight‐for‐height z‐score (WHZ) among children under 5 years of age. We performed a pooled linear regression analysis followed by a decomposition analysis to identify relevant risk factors and their relative contribution to the change in WHZ. Modest improvements in WHZ were seen between 2000 and 2016. The sharpest decrease in mean WHZ occurred from birth to 6 months of age. Perceived low weight at birth and recent diarrhoea predicted a decline in WHZ among children aged 0–5, 6–23 and 23–59 months. Less than 50% of the change in WHZ was accounted for by the change in risk factors included in our regression decomposition analysis. This finding highlights data gaps to identify context‐specific wasting risk factors. The decline in the prevalence of recent diarrhoea (15% of the improvement), decline in low birth size (7%–9%), and an increase in wealth (15%–30%) were the main risk factors that accounted for the explained change in WHZ. Our findings emphasize the importance of interventions to reduce low birthweight, diarrhoea and interventions that address income inequities to prevent acute malnutrition.
Potential distributions of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and its vector Dipetalogaster maxima highlight areas at risk of Chagas disease transmission in Baja California Sur, Mexico, under climate change
Authors: Flores‐López Carlos A. , Moo‐Llanes David A. , Romero‐Figueroa Guillermo , Guevara‐Carrizales Aldo , López‐Ordoñez Teresa , Casas‐Martínez Mauricio , Samy Abdallah M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDipetalogaster maxima is a primary vector of Chagas disease in the Cape region of Baja California Sur, Mexico. The geographic distribution of D. maxima is limited to this small region of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. Our study aimed to construct the ecological niche models (ENMs) of this understudied vector species and the parasite responsible for Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi). We modelled the ecological niches of both species under current and future climate change projections in 2050 using four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5. We also assessed the human population at risk of exposure to D. maxima bites, the hypothesis of ecological niche equivalency and similarity between D. maxima and T. cruzi, and finally the abundance centroid hypothesis. The ENM predicted a higher overlap between both species in the Western and Southern coastal regions of the Baja California Peninsula. The climate change scenarios predicted a Northern shift in the ecological niche of both species. Our findings suggested that the highly tourist destination of Los Cabos is a high‐risk zone for Chagas disease circulation. Overall, the study provides valuable data to vector surveillance and control programs.
Antifungal drug price increases in the United States, 2000–2019
Authors: Thomas Christine M. , Shae Whitney , Koestler Devin , DeFor Terese , Bahr Nathan C. , Alpern Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntifungal drugs treat a variety of conditions, ranging from localised dermatologic disease to life‐threatening systemic infections. Some common antifungal drugs experienced large price increases in recent years, however, factors contributing to these price increases are poorly understood. We sought to examine trends in antifungal drug prices and determine underlying drivers of price changes.MethodsAntifungal drug products in the United States were identified using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Label database. For each product, we determined the wholesale acquisition cost per unit over time between 2000 and 2019, adjusting for inflation, and examined variables that could impact price: route of administration, number of FDA indications, the quantity of professional guideline recommendations, use for prophylaxis, number of FDA‐approved manufacturers, and whether it was compounded. Price trajectories were clustered into four groups: (1) stable, 2) moderate, (3) high, and (4) extreme price increases.ResultsOf 139 identified drug products, one outlier was removed due to exorbitant price increases. Cluster 1 (n = 31) demonstrated the most stable prices with a 25% mean price increase. Clusters 2 (n = 97), 3 (n = 7), and 4 (n = 3) demonstrated moderate, high, and extreme price increases with 52%, 318%, and 900% mean price increases, respectively. Atypical routes of administration and compounding were over‐represented in clusters 3 and 4. There was no correlation between the number of manufacturers and price changes.ConclusionsAntifungal drugs exhibited large, inflation‐adjusted price increases. Atypical routes of administration and compounding were over‐represented within clusters exhibiting extraordinary price increases. Our data support policies aiming to curb large price increases for medically important drugs.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase TaMPK3 suppresses ABA response by destabilising TaPYL4 receptor in wheat
Authors: Liu Ying , Yu Tai‐Fei , Li Yi‐Tong , Zheng Lei , Lu Zhi‐Wei , Zhou Yong‐Bin , Chen Jun , Chen Ming , Zhang Jin‐Peng , Sun Guo‐Zhong , Cao Xin‐You , Liu Yong‐Wei , Ma You‐Zhi , Xu Zhao‐Shi 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Abscisic acid (ABA) receptors are considered as the targeted manipulation of ABA sensitivity and water productivity in plants. Regulation of their stability or activity will directly affect ABA signalling. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades link multiple environmental and plant developmental cues. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA signalling and MAPK cascade interaction remains largely elusive.

TaMPK3 overexpression decreases drought tolerance and wheat sensitivity to ABA, significantly weakening ABA's inhibitory effects on growth. Under drought stress, overexpression lines show lower survival rates, shoot fresh weight and proline content, but higher malondialdehyde levels at seedling stage, as well as decreased grain width and 1000 grain weight in both glasshouse and field conditions at the adult stage. TaMPK3‐RNAi increases drought tolerance.

TaMPK3 interaction with TaPYL4 leads to decreased TaPYL4 levels by promoting its ubiquitin‐mediated degradation, whereas ABA treatment diminishes TaMPK3–TaPYL interactions. In addition, the expression of ABA signalling proteins is impaired in TaMPK3‐overexpressing wheat plants under ABA treatment. The MPK3‐PYL interaction module was found to be conserved across monocots and dicots.

Our results suggest that the MPK3‐PYL module could serve as a negative regulatory mechanism for balancing appropriate drought stress response with normal plant growth signalling in wheat.
Squeeze the beat: Enhancing cardiac vagal activity during resonance breathing via coherent pelvic floor recruitment
Authors: Tatschl Josef Martin , Schwerdtfeger Andreas Richard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResonance breathing (RB) has been shown to benefit health and performance within clinical and non‐clinical populations. This is attributed to its baroreflex stimulating effect and the concomitant increase in cardiac vagal activity (CVA). Hence, developing methods that strengthen the CVA boosting effect of RB could improve its clinical effectiveness. Therefore, we assessed whether supplementing RB with coherent pelvic floor activation (PRB), which has been shown to entrain the baroreflex, yields stronger CVA than standard RB. N = 32 participants performed 5‐min of RB and PRB, which requires to recruit the pelvic floor during the complete inspiratory phase and release it at the initiation of the expiration. CVA was indexed via heart rate variability using RMSSD and LF‐HRV. PRB induced significantly larger RMSSD (d = 1.04) and LF‐HRV (d = 0.75, ps < .001) as compared to RB. Results indicate that PRB induced an additional boost in CVA relative to RB in healthy individuals. However, subsequent studies are warranted to evaluate whether these first findings can be replicated in individuals with compromised health, including a more comprehensive psychophysiological assessment to potentially elucidate the origin of the observed effects. Importantly, longitudinal studies need to address whether PRB translates to better treatment outcomes.
Justifying the Imperfect: Differentiated Integration and the Problem of the Second Best
Authors: Eriksen Erik O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article deals with the problem of the second best in a politically differentiated Europe. Drawing on Kant’s category of permissive law of public right, it establishes the missing link between ideal and nonideal theory and then an indirect legitimation theorem. This theorem provides tools to contain damages and unlock practices and dynamics that obstruct reforms and lead to counterproductive outcomes. The theorem, which is equipped with a time and knowledge index, awaits the formation of favourable circumstances of integration. It establishes the conditions under which differentiated integration would be nonregressive. The theorem rules out backsliding solutions, which undermine the European integration process.
Trading offshore: evidence on banks’ tax avoidance*
Authors: Langenmayr Dominika , Reiter Franz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLittle is known about how banks shift profits to low‐tax countries. Because of their specific business model, banks use other profit‐shifting channels than non‐financial firms. We propose a novel and bank‐specific method of profit shifting: the strategic relocation of proprietary trading to low‐tax jurisdictions. Using regulatory data from the German central bank, we show that a 1 percentage point lower corporate tax rate increases banks’ fixed‐income trading assets by 3–4 percent and trading derivatives by 9 percent. Suggestively, this increase does not arise from a relocation of real activities (i.e., traders); instead, it stems from the relocation of book profits.
Is the US Phillips curve stable? Evidence from Bayesian vector autoregressions*
Authors: Karlsson Sune , Österholm Pär 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been claimed that the fall in US inflation during the Great Recession was surprisingly small. One possible explanation for this is that the Phillips curve is unstable and that its slope was lower around the Great Recession. We investigate the importance of time‐varying parameters using Bayesian vector autoregressions for inflation and unemployment. We find support for time variation in the inflation equation and an unstable Phillips curve that was somewhat flatter between 2005 and 2013. However, conditional forecasts mostly suggest that inflation was not unexpectedly high around the Great Recession, which puts the claim of a “missing disinflation” into question.
The current state of research into linguistic epicentres
Authors: Peters Pam , Bernaisch Tobias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis special issue focuses on key issues in epicentral research. Against the background of a brief discussion of the epicentre metaphor in the world Englishes paradigm, the various regional constellations in Africa, America, Asia and Australasia relevant to the concept of linguistic epicentres are highlighted and the temporal framing of epicentral influence is discussed with regard to often‐assumed evolutionary prerequisites of potential linguistic epicentres. More fine‐grained methodological perspectives on linguistic epicentres are subsequently provided with regard to: (1) linguistic variables studied; (2) data sources available; and (3) statistical approaches. Before short summaries of the papers featured in this special issue are presented, the role of linguistic epicentres as a component in modelling world Englishes is scrutinised.
A Conservation-Based Transitional Boundary Layer Model
Authors: Brewster M. Q. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A simple, flow-physics-based model of flat-plate, transitional boundary layer skin friction and heat transfer is presented. The model is based on the assumption of negligible time-, spanwise-, and streamwise-average wall-normal velocity at the top of the boundary layer. This results in a threefold increase in boundary layer thickness over the transition region. This simple velocity assumption and its boundary-layer growth implications seem to be reasonably consistent with more sophisticated (direct numerical simulation (DNS)) modeling simulations. Only two modeling parameters need to be assumed, the Reynolds numbers at the onset and at the completion of transition, for which there is guidance based on freestream turbulence intensity for smooth plates. Several experimental datasets for air are modeled. New criteria are proposed to help define the onset and completion of transition: zero net vertical (wall-normal) velocity or mass flux (integrated in time and space, spanwise and streamwise) at the top of the boundary layer, and tripling of boundary layer thickness. Also presented is a minor improvement to a previously published unheated starting length factor for flat-plate laminar boundary layers with uniform wall heat flux.
Data-Driven Self-Optimizing Control With Parametric Programing Based Constraint Handling
Authors: Zhao Zhongfan , Li Yaoyu , Salsbury Timothy I. , House John M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelf-optimizing control (SOC) aims to achieve near-optimal operation regardless of variation in disturbances. For constrained operation, the model-based SOC has been solved as an explicit model predictive control (MPC) problem, where the changes in active constraint sets under large variations in disturbance inputs can be determined via parametric programing. For constrained SOC design with historical data only, this paper presents an extended work for a data-driven method that Zhao et al. proposed (2022 “Global Self-Optimizing Control With Data-Driven Optimal Selection of Controlled Variables With Application to Chiller Plant”, ASME J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control., 144(2), p. 021008.) for obtaining global SOC solution. While this work remains to adopt the Koopman subspace model that has been used, the SOC-associated constrained optimization problem is solved by applying the multiparameter quadratic programing technique. The solutions consist of piecewise-affine control laws and active constraint sets that are determined via partitions of the disturbance space. The proposed approach is illustrated with a Modelica simulation model of a chilled-water plant, where minimizing the total power consumption is the economic objective. The results show that the proposed method yields the total power very close to that by an offline genetic algorithm-based global optimization procedure, and substantially better than a best-practice rule-based control strategy. The degree of constraint violations under high cooling load is also smaller with the solution of constrained SOC.
Turbine Vane Endwall Film Cooling and Pressure Side Phantom Cooling Performances With Upstream Coolant Flow at Various Injection Angles
Authors: Bai Bo , Li Zhigang , Li Jun , Mao Shuo , Ng Wing F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the endwall film cooling and vane pressure side surface phantom cooling performances of a first nozzle guide vane (NGV) with endwall contouring, similar to an industry gas turbine, were experimentally and numerically evaluated at the simulated realistic gas turbine operating conditions (high inlet freestream turbulence level of 16%, exit Mach number of 0.85, and exit Reynolds number of 1.7 × 106). A novel numerical method for the predictions of adiabatic wall film cooling effectiveness was proposed based on a double coolant temperature model. The credibility and accuracy of this numerical method were validated by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. Results indicate that the present numerical method can accurately predict endwall film cooling performance and vane surface phantom cooling performance for both the ideal low density ratio (DR = 1.2) and the typical high density ratio (DR = 2.0) conditions. The endwall film cooling effectiveness, vane surface phantom cooling effectiveness, and secondary flow field were compared and analyzed for the axisymmetric convergent contoured endwall at three coolant injection angles (small injection angle of θ = 40 deg, design injection angle of θ = 50 deg, large injection angle of θ = 60 deg), two density ratios (low density ratio of DR = 1.2 and typical high density ratio of DR = 2.0), and the design blowing ratio (M = 2.5), based on the commercial CFD solver ansys fluent. An analysis method of the coolant momentum flux φ (decomposed into the axial component φx and vertical component φz) was proposed to describe and explain the migration and mixing mechanisms of coolant flow. Results indicate that the proposed analysis method of the coolant momentum flux φ can accurately and reliably describe and explain the coolant flow physics, including the coolant lift-off, the interaction between the coolant and the mainstream, and the coolant migration in the vane passage. The increased coolant injection angles result in a deterioration of the endwall film cooling performance and vane pressure surface side phantom cooling performance. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of endwall film cooling effectiveness and phantom cooling effectiveness to coolant injection angles is variable, and is significantly affected by density ratio. This suggests that the coupling effects of the coolant injection angles and density ratio should be taken into account for the prediction of endwall film cooling and phantom cooling performances. It is very necessary for the optimized design of the coolant injection angles and the predictions of film cooling performance at the realistic density ratio.