bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cellulase and xylanase on fermentative profile, bacterial diversity, and in vitro degradation of mixed silage of agro-residue and alfalfa
Authors: Mu Lin , Wang Qinglan , Wang Yating , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The objective was to determine effects of cellulase, xylanase, and commercial fibrolytic enzymes on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, bacterial community, and in vitro degradation of mixed silages. Mixtures of alfalfa, wheat bran, and rice straw (80:15:5 on a fresh matter [FM] basis) were ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, and 45 d after treatment with: distilled water (control, C); cellulase (E); xylanase (X); or commercial fibrolytic enzymes (EX), with all enzyme preparations applied at 100U/g FM. The 45-d silages were subjected to an in vitro degradation test. Each of the 3 enzyme-treated groups enriched relative abundance (RA)of Lactobacillus, Weissella, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, increased water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations, and extended aerobic stability over 384 h, but concurrently inhibited growth of undesirable microbes (i.e., Acinetobacter sp, Erwinia sp, Lelliottia amnigena, and Sphingomonas sp), reducing pH and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (AN), butyric acid (BA) and propionic acid (PA). Compared to C, adding X or EX increased the RA of L. paralimentarius and L. parabrevis, enhanced accumulation of acetic acid (AA) and crude protein (CP), and reduced hemicellulose content. Furthermore, E group silage had the highest abundance of W. cibaria. In addition, EX enriched RA of Bacillus velezensis, reduced AN concentration, increased DM degradability, total VFA production, and gas production during in vitro incubation. In conclusion, addition of X or EX enhanced ensiling by enhancing concentrations of AA; however, EX was the most promising enzyme, based on reducing AN concentration and increasing DM content and DM degradability.
A strong He II λ1640 emitter with extremely blue UV spectral slope at z=8.16: presence of Pop III stars?
Authors: Wang Xin , Cheng Cheng , Ge Junqiang , Meng Xiao-Lei , Daddi Emanuele , Yan Haojing , Jones Tucker , Malkan Matthew , Haro Pablo Arrabal , Brammer Gabriel , Oguri Masamune 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cosmic hydrogen reionization and cosmic production of first metals are major phase transitions of the Universe occurring during the first billion years after the Big Bang, but still poorly explored observationally. Using the JWST NIRSpec prism spectroscopy, we report the discovery of a sub-L* galaxy at zspec = 8.1623-0.0008+0.0007, dubbed RXJ2129-z8HeII, via the detection of a series of strong rest-frame UV/optical nebular emission lines and the clear Lyman break. A strong He II λ1640 emission is present, the highest redshift He II line currently known. Its high rest-frame equivalent width (EW=19.38 ± 3.24 Å) and extreme flux ratios with respect to UV metal lines and Balmer lines raise the possibility that part of RXJ2129-z8HeII's stellar populations could be Pop III-like5,6. RXJ2129-z8HeII also shows a pronounced UV continuum with an extremely steep (i.e. blue) spectral slope of β =-2.50±0.08, the steepest amongst all spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at z ≳ 7, in support of its very hard ionizing spectrum that could lead to a significant leakage of its ionizing flux7. Therefore, RXJ2129-z8HeII is representative of the key galaxy population driving the cosmic reionization. To date, this is also the most compelling case where trace Pop III stars might coexist with more metal-enriched stars.
Ischemic preconditioning attenuates ERS-dependent apoptosis of hepatocyte through regulating autophagy in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Kong Erliang , Li Yongchang , Geng Xuqiang , Wang Jianxin , He Yan , Feng Xudong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) usually occurs in subtotal hepatectomy and severely damages liver function during perioperative period. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) dependent apoptosis was suggested to crucially participate in the progression of HIRI. The present study focused on the regulatory effect of autophagy activation induced by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on ERS-dependent apoptosis of hepatocyte in HIRI. HIRI mice model and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) AML-12 hepatocyte cell lines were both constructed to evaluate the protective effect of IPC in vivo and in vitro, separately. The protein levels of p-eIF2α, CHOP, cleaved caspase-12 were used to evaluate the ERS-dependent apoptosis, while LC3-II and p62 were regarded as the autophagy activation markers. The beneficial molecular chaperones GRP78, HSP60, HSP70 were also tested to evaluate autophagy. The results showed that HIRI significantly increased the ERS-dependent apoptosis markers and the number of apoptotic cells, and damaged liver function. The ERS inhibitor Salubrinal (Sal) intraperitoneally greatly alleviated liver injury in HIRI mice and OGD/R hepatocytes. Further, both remote IPC (RIPC) and direct IPC (DIPC) significantly alleviated liver injury and inflammatory cell infiltration. IPC also up-regulated LC3-II and down-regulated p62 expression, and increased the mRNA levels of GRP78, HSP60, HSP70 in HIRI mice and OGD/R hepatocytes, indicating the autophagy activation by IPC. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly attenuated the protective effects of IPC on ERS-dependent apoptosis and liver function, while autophagy activator rapamycin (RAP) mimicked the protective effects of IPC on ERS-dependent apoptosis in vitro, suggesting the regulatory roles of autophagy on ERS-dependent apoptosis. These results all demonstrated that IPC could induce moderate autophagy and up-regulate some molecular chaperones to strengthen the endogenous defense mechanisms, which was beneficial to alleviate ERS-dependent apoptosis and protect hepatocytes from HIRI.
Catalpol attenuates renal injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation response
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Wang Yu , Zhou Chong , Xu Qingyang , Gao Hongxin , Huo Mohan , Jiang Xiaowen , Yu Wenhui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Aristolochic acid I (AA-I) can damage the structure and function of kidney, but there are few prevention strategies at present. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of Rehmannia glutinosa extract-catalpol (CAT) on renal injury caused by AA-I.
Methods: In vitro, NRK-52E cells were administered with AA-I (40 μM) or/and CAT (10 μM, 5 μM) for 24 h. In vivo, C57BL/6NJ male mice were administered with AA-I (10 mg/kg) or/and CAT (100 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) for 28 d. Clinical symptoms, histopathology, Elisa, quantitative RT-PCR, Westernblot, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the protective effect of CAT on renal injury.
Results: In the model group, the body weight and renal function of mice decreased significantly, and the pathological damage of renal tissue was obvious. Compared with the model group, CAT can significantly improve the kidney structure and function. Activate NF-E2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, increase antioxidant enzyme activity and decrease ROS and MDA levels. CAT can also inhibit the nuclear-factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and reduce the expression of Cyt-c, TNF-α and pro-IL-1β. In addition, CAT can reduce Ca2+ concentration, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial damage, thus reducing mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and cell apoptosis rate. And both Nrf2 and NF-κB are the main targets of CAT in alleviating AA-I-induced renal injury.
Conclusion: CAT can attenuate the damage of renal structure and function through Nrf2/NF-κB pathways. CAT can inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress, further reducing the mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway apoptosis.
Using mesh in capsule anatomical reconstruction to enhance the stability of high- dislocation-risk hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xin Peng , Ni Ming , Ji Quanbo , Yang Xiaoxi , Geng Lei , Wang Yan , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Dislocation is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to compare the outcomes of mesh reconstruction versus conventional capsular repair in maintaining capsular integrity and preventing dislocation after THA.
Methods: This was a prospective, randomized controlled study of consecutive patients. 124 high-dislocation-risk THAs were identified and randomized into two groups, one using mesh reconstruction and the other using conventional capsular repair method. Perioperative data and radiological data were collected. Patients were followed up regularly. The main indexes were the capsular integrity assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hip dislocation rate. The secondary indexes included Harris hip score (HHS), complications, satisfaction.
Results: 106 patients completed the follow-up and the average follow-up time was 19±3.1 and 18±3.3 months. The operation time of mesh group was longer than conventional group (P < 0.001). There were minor differences in acetabularanteversion and abduction angle, and the other data had no differences. MRI results showed the successful rate of capsular repair was higher in mesh group (50 hip, 98%) than in conventional group (37 hips, 67%) (P < 0.001) and the others failed the repair. Three dislocations occurred in conventional group while none in the mesh group. The preoperative HHS (30 points) and postoperative HHS (82 points) of mesh group were similar to those (35 points, 83points) of the conventional group (P = 0.164, P = 0.328). The satisfaction showed no difference (P=0.532).
Conclusions: Compared to conventional repair, mesh reconstruction can effectively maintain the capsular integrity and decrease dislocation risk after THA without increasing the complications.
Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IA
Developing a Parenting Model for the Decent Use of Digital Media among the Teenagers in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: BakiBillah Abul Hasan , Khan Ayub , Muhammad Faisal , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin , Shahinuzzaman Md. , Hossain Syed Billal , Akram Muhammad , Almasri Nihad A. , Wani Mohammad Amin , Chowdhury Moniruddin , Ghosh Sanchita , Kabir Russell 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: In Bangladesh, parents are crucial in ensuring that teens use digital gadgets responsibly. The purpose of this study was to create a parenting paradigm within the context of the government's purges.
Method: Nineteen key informants took part in this study as part of the qualitative inquiry.
Results: Participants come from a variety of backgrounds and play a variety of roles that all support the same goal. The parenting model was created using the information from the interviews. By placing secondary and upper secondary educational institutions at the core of government action, parents will be educated. This approach was first proposed to be used in the "Generation Breakthrough" program of the Ministry of Education. Parents should be invited to the institutions to learn about the actions that need to be performed and followed under the two main categories, preventative and curative. Technology, the spoken word, psychology, and relationships built on evidence and trust are all examples of preventive approaches. Corrective measures include counseling, assistance with cyber security, legal services, and law enforcement.
Conclusion: In order to ensure that teens are using digital gadgets responsibly, this study suggests educating and empowering parents through a realistic strategy.
Marine biodiversity conservation: the cultural aspect of MPA in Ghana
Authors: Karakara Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel , Peprah James , Dasmani Isaac 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Studying fishers and fishing communities’ social-cultural structures are vital in policy-making concerning local ecosystem or marine sustainability. Previous studies on marine communities seldom neglected the role of culture in marine biodiversity conservation, especially an MPA establishment. In this study we; first explore the cultural practices in coastal communities in Ghana that are the potential for the conservation of the marine ecosystem (MPA); second, we examined the readiness of marine communities if the government takes the decision to carve out formerly fishing sites as an MPA site. Primary data was collected by using Key Informant Interviews (KII) with 20 chief fishermen and self-administered questionnaires to 491 fishermen across nine semi-urban, two urban, and 16 villages along the coast of Ghana. Adopting mixed method analysis, the study, among other things, underscored that the socioeconomic characteristics of fishermen are diverse and mixed. Most of the fishermen do not know what an MPA is but are willing to accept such initiative by the government and certain cultural practices are found to be conducive to an MPA initiative. Policy implications are discussed in the paper.
JEL Codes: Q22, Q57, P48.
The effect of the combined system of Hydrodynamic Cavitation, Ozone, and Hydrogen Peroxide on the removal of Chlorophyll a and Organic substances in the raw water
Authors: Shokoohi Reza , Rahmani Alireza , Asgari Ghorban , Ashrafi Maysam , Ghahramani Esmaeil 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
increased nutrient levels and algal blooms can also cause drinking water problems in communities near dead zones and upstream. humans, fish, marine mammals, birds, and other animals are all adversely affected by the toxins produced by toxic algal blooms. The purpose of this study is The effect of The combined system of Hydrodynamic Cavitation, Ozone (O3), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) on the removal of Chlorophyll a and Organic substances in the raw water entering the Sanandaj treatment plant. In this study, we examined the following variables: pH, Retention Time, Pressure, Distance, Ozone dose, and Hydrogen Peroxide dose. Utilizing Taguchi design methodology, experiments were planned and optimized. Chlorophyll a and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) can be removed most effectively under the following conditions: 5 bar of cavitation pressure, 90 min of retention time, a pH of 5, 1 m3/h of Flow, a distance of 25 cm from the orifice, 3 gr/h of ozone, and 2 gr/l of Hydrogen Peroxide. The most efficient factor in the degradation of TOC and Chlorophyll a was determined to be cavitation pressure based on the percentage contributions of each factor (38.64 percent and 35.05 percent, respectively). H2O2 was found to have the most negligible impact on degradation efficiency (4.24 percent and 4.11 percent, respectively).
Risk Factor Analysis for Radiographic Para-aortic Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Left-sided Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Qiang , Yang Jiabin , Peng Wei , Cheng Ming , Wu Yongyou 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose Synchronous para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) is rare, and the positive predictive value of pre-operative CT was low. This study aimed to clarify risk factors radiographic PALN metastasis in left‐sided CRC for improving the accuracy of pre-operative CT scan.
Methods Patients with pathologically and radiographically confirmed diagnosis of left-sided CRC were enrolled between January 2019 and August 2021. The Correlations between clinicopathologic data and radiographic PALN metastasis were analyzed chi-squared test or Fisher exact test and the multivariate binary logistic regression model was used for multivariate analyses.
Results There were 15(3.56%) patients with radiographic PALN metastasis. The hepatic (P=0.023) and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes (IMLN) (P<0.001) metastases, elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (P=0.007) and carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9) (P=0.021) levels, longer tumor length (P=0.003), lower degree of tumor differentiation (P<0.001), deeper tumor invasion (P=0.038), later lymph node staging (P<0.001), perineural invasion (P=0.009) and lymphovascular involvement (P<0.001) were the risk factors for radiographic PALN metastasis. Among them, the radiographic IMLN metastasis (P=0.003, OR=20.927, 95% CI 2.823-155.820) was the only independent risk factor.
Conclusion Some clinicopathologic characteristics, especially IMLN metastasis, are the risk factors for PALN metastasis.
Nomogram for prognosis of elderly patients with cervical cancer who receive combined radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Wenjuan , Xia Xiaoyi , Xie Xingyun , Wei Yuting , Wu Rongrong , Cai Wenjie , Hong Jingsheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: This retrospective study identified prognostic factors to help guide the clinical treatment of elderly patients (≥65 y) with cervical cancer who had undergone radiotherapy. A personalized model to predict 3- and 5-year survival was developed.
Methods: A review was conducted of 367 elderly women with cervical cancer (staged II-III) who had undergone radiotherapy in our hospital between January 2012 and December 2016. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for survival analysis that considered age, hemoglobin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, pathologic type, stage, pelvic lymph node metastasis status, and others. A nomogram was constructed to predict the survival rates.
Results: The median follow-up time was 71 months (4-118 mo). The 3- (5-) year overall, progression-free, local recurrence-free, and distant metastasis-free survival rates were, respectively, 91.0% (84.4%), 92.3% (85.9%), 99.18% (99.01%), and 99.18% (97.82%). The following were significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival: tumor size, pre-treatment hemoglobin, chemotherapy, and pelvic lymph node metastasis. The C-index of the line chart was 0.699 (95% CI: 0.652-0.746). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for 3- and 5-year survival were 0.751 and 0.724. The nomogram was in good concordance with the actual survival rates.
Conclusions: The independent prognostic factors for overall survival in elderly patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy were: tumor size, pre-treatment hemoglobin, chemotherapy, and pelvic lymph node metastasis. The novel prognostic nomogram based on these factors can be an asset for personalized clinical management.
Accumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment and different fishes of river Ganga in Varanasi and its health risk assessment
Authors: Mishra Bhargawi , Gautam Geeta J. , Chaturvedi Rajnish Kumar , Ansari Nasreen Ghazi , Mishra Vijaya Nath 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quality of the river water and sediments are deteriorating day by day in Indian rivers due to excessive anthropogenic activities and pollutants entering through various sources. Heavy metal loads in the rivers are one such factor that are adding to human health risks as well. In our study we estimated the concentration of the heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr and Cd) in river bed and in water at different points of river Ganga as well as at confluence point of Ganga and Varuna rivers. We found that Ganga river in Varanasi is highly loaded with metals (PLI= 6.698) Mean concentration in water follows: Pb 1.29 mg/L, Mn 1.325 mg/L, Cr 0.169 mg/L and Cd 0.161mg/L, which was above than the permissible limits stated by Environment protection agency EPA in drinking water. Randomly seven indigenous species of fishes were collected from the wild and were processed for checking the occurrence of these metals in the tissues such as Gills, Liver and Muscle. In all the seven selected fish species, degree of heavy metal concentration followed liver > gills > muscles. Highest accumulation of Pb was observed in Cyprinus carpio liver (8.86 μg/g) and lowest in Baikari muscles (0.07 μg/g). Total THQ value i.e. hazard index (HI) of metals was calculated for these fish species that are frequently consumed and the data showed HI values in following sequence: C.carpio > O. nilotus > C.punctatus > J.coitor > M.armatus > M.tengara > Baikari. Average HI value for C. carpioand O. nilotus was found above 1 which indicates that intake of heavy metals through these species may cause health hazard for human. Maximum HI was recorded in Carpio, which is highly consumed fish by human, hence may be harmful to them. These findings pose a threat to human population and hence needs regular monitoring of metals in fishes to prevent entry into food chain and its effect on the human beings.
Impacts of nickel mining on the DNA and hematological parameters of two species of bat in central Brazil
Authors: Sotero Daiany , Benvindo-Souza Marcelino , Lopes Alice Carvalho , de Freitas Renata Pereira , Silva Daniela Melo e 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Exposure to heavy metals in mining zones is a significant threat, which can affect ecosystem services and contribute to the decline of wild bat populations. The present study investigated the impacts caused by mining on two bat species in central Brazil, the nectarivorousGlossophaga soricinaand the frugivorousCarollia perspicillata. The bats were collected from a nickel miningzone (treatment) and protected area (control). The leukocyte profile of each species was compiled and genotoxicity (comet assay) and mutagenicity (micronucleus test) were determined using the appropriate procedures.Glossophaga soricinapresented significantly higher frequencies of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the mining zone in comparison with the protected area, whereasC. perspicillatapresented higher frequencies of lymphocytes in the mining zone, but significantly lower frequencies of monocytes. Concomitantly,G. soricinaalso presented a higher frequency of DNA damage, although no variation was found in this parameter inC. perspicillatawhen comparing environments. We also found no significant between populations in terms of the frequency of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. Overall, the results of the study indicate that bats are susceptible to immunological disorders and DNA damage in mining zones, with the nectarivorousG. soricinaappearing to be relatively more susceptible, and thus a potentially effective bioindicator of the impact of contamination in these environments.