bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nelsonia canescens (Acanthaceae) aqueous extract and partitioned fractions ameliorates type-2 diabetes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Daniel Augustine Innalegwu , Gara Theresa Yebo , Atolagbe Solomon Oluwafemi , Agboola Aleemat Motunrayo , Salisu Firdausi Emoshioke , Tsado Rhoda , Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun , Mavumengwana Vuyo , Keyster Marshall , Klein Ashwil 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to produce or use insulin. There is a continuous rise of this disease particularly in developing countries due to changes in life style and poverty among the people. In this study, antidiabetic activities of aqueous extract of Nelsonia canescens and its partitioned fractions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Male albino rats were divided into 9 groups (diabetic and non-diabetic) of 5 rats each. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan (90 mg/kgbwt). The experimental design consists of a diabetic control group (untreated), a normal control group (1 mL saline), a standard diabetic drug (Glibenclamide; 5 mg/kgbwt), two doses (50 and 300 mg/kgbwt) of aqueous extract, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Nelsonia canescens were orally administered for a period 21 days. Blood glucose of the rats was monitored at 3-days intervals while biochemical and in vivo antioxidant assays of serum and liver were determined after 21 days.

Results
The hypoglycemic effect of the extract observed was in a dose dependent manner with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of blood glucose in ethylaceate fraction > aqueous extract > methanol fraction compared with the diabetic control group. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in lipid profiles and serum enzyme activity of rats in the diabetic control group was observed compared with the extract and fraction treated groups.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the aqueous extract and fractions of N. canescens showed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potentials and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the progression of oxidative stress.
Evaluating Disease-specific Survival Prediction of Risk Stratification and TNM Systems in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: van Velsen Evert F S , Peeters Robin P , Stegenga Merel T , van Kemenade Folkert J , van Ginhoven Tessa M , van Balkum Mathé , Verburg Frederik A , Visser W Edward 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Many countries have national guidelines for the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), including a risk stratification system to predict recurrence of disease. Studies whether these guidelines could also have relevance, beyond their original design, in predicting survival are lacking. Additionally, no studies evaluated these international guidelines in the same population, nor compared them with the TNM system. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic value of 6 stratification systems used by 10 international guidelines, and the TNM system with respect to predicting disease-specific survival (DSS).

Methods
We retrospectively studied adult patients with DTC from a Dutch university hospital. Patients were classified using the risk classification described in the British, Dutch, French, Italian, Polish, Spanish, European Society of Medical Oncology, European Thyroid Association, the 2009 and 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, and the latest TNM system. DSS was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the statistical model performance using the C-index, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and proportion of variance explained.

Results
We included 857 patients with DTC (79% papillary thyroid cancer, 21% follicular thyroid cancer). Median follow-up was 9 years, and 67 (7.8%) died because of DTC. The Dutch guideline had the worst statistical model performance, whereas the 2009 ATA/2014 British guideline had the best. However, the (adapted) TNM system outperformed all stratification systems.

Conclusions
In a European population of patients with DTC, of 10 international guidelines using 6 risk of recurrence stratification systems and 1 mortality-based stratification system, our optimized age-adjusted TNM system (8th edition) outperformed all other systems.
Central Irisin Signaling Is Required for Normal Timing of Puberty in Female Mice
Authors: Decourt Caroline , Evans Maggie C , Inglis Megan A , Anderson Greg M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTiming of puberty requires exquisite coordination of genes, hormones, and brain circuitry. An increasing level of body adiposity, signaled to the brain via the fat-derived hormone leptin, is recognized as a major factor controlling puberty onset. However, it is clear that leptin is not the only metabolic cue regulating puberty, and that developmental regulation of this process also involves tissues other than adipose, with muscle development potentially playing a role in the timing of puberty. The proteolytic processing of fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) releases a hormone, irisin. Irisin is primarily produced by muscle and is released into circulation, where levels increase dramatically as puberty approaches.We investigated the effects of a global deletion of the Fndc5 gene on pubertal timing. The absence of irisin induced a delay in puberty onset in female knockout mice compared with controls, without affecting body weight or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal density. We next treated pre-pubertal wild-type male and female mice with an irisin receptor antagonist, cilengitide, for 7 days and observed a delay in first estrus occurrence compared to vehicle-treated control mice. Male puberty timing was unaffected. Next, we deleted the irisin receptor (integrin subunit alpha V) in all forebrain neurons and found a delay in the occurrence of first estrus in knockout females compared to controls. Taken together, these data suggest irisin plays a role in the timing of puberty onset in female mice via a centrally mediated mechanism.
Molecular Mechanisms of PTH/PTHrP Class B GPCR Signaling and Pharmacological Implications
Authors: Vilardaga Jean-Pierre , Clark Lisa J , White Alex D , Sutkeviciute Ieva , Lee Ji Young , Bahar Ivet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The classical paradigm of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling via G proteins is grounded in a view that downstream responses are relatively transient and confined to the cell surface, but this notion has been revised in recent years following the identification of several receptors that engage in sustained signaling responses from subcellular compartments following internalization of the ligand–receptor complex. This phenomenon was initially discovered for the parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R), a vital GPCR for maintaining normal calcium and phosphate levels in the body with the paradoxical ability to build or break down bone in response to PTH binding. The diverse biological processes regulated by this receptor are thought to depend on its capacity to mediate diverse modes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. These include transient signaling at the plasma membrane and sustained signaling from internalized PTH1R within early endosomes mediated by PTH. Here we discuss recent structural, cell signaling, and in vivo studies that unveil potential pharmacological outputs of the spatial versus temporal dimension of PTH1R signaling via cAMP. Notably, the combination of molecular dynamics simulations and elastic network model–based methods revealed how precise modulation of PTH signaling responses is achieved through structure-encoded allosteric coupling within the receptor and between the peptide hormone binding site and the G protein coupling interface. The implications of recent findings are now being explored for addressing key questions on how location bias in receptor signaling contributes to pharmacological functions, and how to drug a difficult target such as the PTH1R toward discovering nonpeptidic small molecule candidates for the treatment of metabolic bone and mineral diseases.
The adult Drosophila testis lacks a mechanism to replenish missing niche cells
Authors: Hétié Phylis , de Cuevas Margaret , Matunis Erika L. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The adult Drosophila testis contains a well-defined niche created by a cluster of hub cells, which secrete signals that maintain adjacent germline stem cells and somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs). Hub cells are normally quiescent in adult flies but can exit quiescence, delaminate from the hub and convert into CySCs after ablation of all CySCs. The opposite event, CySC conversion into hub cells, was proposed to occur under physiological conditions, but the frequency of this event is debated. Here, to probe further the question of whether or not hub cells can be regenerated, we developed methods to genetically ablate some or all hub cells. Surprisingly, when flies were allowed to recover from ablation, the missing hub cells were not replaced. Hub cells did not exit quiescence after partial ablation of hub cells, and labeled cells from outside the hub did not enter the hub during or after ablation. Despite its ability to exit quiescence in response to CySC ablation, we conclude that the hub in the adult Drosophila testis does not have a mechanism to replenish missing hub cells.
Isolation of a novel missense mutation in insulin receptor as a spontaneous revertant in ImpL2 mutants in Drosophila
Authors: Banzai Kota , Nishimura Takashi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Evolutionarily conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) correlates nutrient levels to metabolism and growth, thereby playing crucial roles in development and adult fitness. In the fruit fly Drosophila, ImpL2, an ortholog of IGFBP7, binds to and inhibits the function of Drosophila insulin-like peptides. In this study, we isolated a temperature-sensitive mutation in the insulin receptor (InR) gene as a spontaneous revertant in ImpL2 null mutants. The p.Y902C missense mutation is located at the functionally conserved amino acid residue of the first fibronectin type III domain of InR. The hypomorphic InR mutant animals showed a temperature-dependent reduction in IIS and body size. The mutant animals also exhibited metabolic defects, such as increased triglyceride and carbohydrate levels. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that defects in InR caused dysregulation of amino acid and ribonucleotide metabolism. We also observed that InR mutant females produced tiny irregular-shaped embryos with reduced fecundity. In summary, this novel allele of InR is a valuable tool for the Drosophila genetic model of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Evaluating the effect of digital technology on the learning of orthodontic cephalometric measurement
Authors: Yu Xin , Tian Yu , Li Dandan , Sun Wen , Wang Hua , Yuan Siyang , Yan Bin , Wang Lin , Pan Yongchu 
Published: December 2022

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying digital technology in cephalometric measurement teaching and students’ acceptance towards it. Methods: In total, 94 undergraduates of stomatology were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups. According to the cross-over design, both groups completed cephalometric measurements through the traditional hand-drawn method and digital technology (the Dolphin software) in different orders. By traditional hand-drawn method, students need to depict the outlines of the craniofacial anatomical structures on the sulfuric transfer paper first, then marked the measurement points and completed the measurement of line spacings and angles. By digital technology, they should mark the points in the software and adjust the automatically generated outlines of the structures and obtained the results. Besides, an online questionnaire was designed to investigate students' attitudes toward the digital technology. Two professional orthodontists were invited as instructors. They measured a lateral cranial radiograph by two methods with one week’s interval, and their intra- and inter-class correlation coefficient were measured. The means of their measurements were set as standards. Results: The inter- and intra-ICC of two instructors surpassed 90%, and there were no significant differences between their measurements, and the measurements by two methods. There were significant differences of students’ measurements (P1-SNA<0.01, P1-SNB=0.01 and P1-L1-NB (mm)<0.01; SNA: sella-nasion-subspinale angle, SNB: sella-nasion-supramental angle, L1-NB (mm): the distance from the lower central incisor tip to the nasion-supramental plane) between the traditional method and digital technology. Besides, the most results of digital technology were closer to the standards than those of traditional method, including five items with statistical significance (P2-SNB<0.05, P2-L1-NB (mm)<0.01, P2-FMA<0.05, P2-FMIA<0.05, P2-IMPA<0.01), while three items were the opposite (P2-SNA<0.05, P2-ANB (mm)<0.01, P2-NA-PA<0.01). The questionnaire showed more students preferred digital technology (33%) compared with traditional method (2%) and 72% of participants mastered 50-80% of cephalometric knowledge after the course.
Leveraging biochemical reactions to unravel functional impacts of cancer somatic variants affecting protein interaction interfaces
Authors: Raimondi Francesco , Burkhart Joshua G. , Betts Matthew J. , Russell Robert B. , Wu Guanming 
Published: December 2022

Background: Considering protein mutations in their biological context is essential for understanding their functional impact, interpretation of high-dimensional datasets and development of effective targeted therapies in personalized medicine. Methods: We combined the curated knowledge of biochemical reactions from Reactome with the analysis of interaction-mediating 3D interfaces from Mechismo. In addition, we provided a software tool for users to explore and browse the analysis results in a multi-scale perspective starting from pathways and reactions to protein-protein interactions and protein 3D structures. Results: We analyzed somatic mutations from TCGA, revealing several significantly impacted reactions and pathways in specific cancer types. We found examples of genes not yet listed as oncodrivers, whose rare mutations were predicted to affect cancer processes similarly to known oncodrivers. Some identified processes lack any known oncodrivers, which suggests potentially new cancer-related processes (e.g. complement cascade reactions). Furthermore, we found that mutations perturbing certain processes are significantly associated with distinct phenotypes (i.e. survival time) in specific cancer types (e.g. PIK3CA centered pathways in LGG and UCEC cancer types), suggesting the translational potential of our approach for patient stratification. Our analysis also uncovered several druggable processes (e.g. GPCR signalling pathways) containing enriched reactions, providing support for new off-label therapeutic options. Conclusions: In summary, we have established a multi-scale approach to study genetic variants based on protein-protein interaction 3D structures. Our approach is different from previously published studies in its focus on biochemical reactions and can be applied to other data types (e.g. post-translational modifications) collected for many types of disease.
THE ROLE AND RISKS OF ESG TRANSFORMATION OF COMPANIES IN THE FACE OF NEW CHALLENGES
Authors: Vetrova Maria A. 
Published: December 2022

The development of supranational and national legislation, standardization requirements and the expansion of producer responsibility have led to the formation of a new approach for the goal-setting of enterprises with a focus not only on purely commercial goals of the short-term period, but on long-term sustainability. This is how the concept of ESG principles of the enterprise was formed, which focuses the company on high efficiency of corporate governance along with the achievement of social and environmental goals of doing business. However, the institutional environment for the effective implementation of ESG practices is at the stage of formation, so there are opportunities for additional risks and threats, among which greenwashing and ESG rating errors stand out due to the lack of standardization and uniform criteria for evaluating companies, green financing errors and the emergence of a financial bubble and other risks.
The goal is to systematize the benefits of ESG transformation of companies to ensure sustainability and economic efficiency, analyze the green finance market as a key link in the transformation of sustainable initiatives into real economic benefits, analyze the risks of non-acceptance and manipulation of ESG factors for the sustainable development of companies.
Methods and tools of institutional, sectoral analysis and strategic management, theoretical approaches within the framework of the concept of sustainable development, circular and carbon neutral economy were used.
Results and scope of their application. The results of this study can be used by enterprises in the implementation of ESG principles and non-financial reporting on environmental, social and managerial risk management, by public authorities in the development of long-term sustainable development strategies and the formation of an institutional environment to achieve climate neutrality, implement energy transition, and ensure the long-term competitiveness of Russian companies in conditions of increasing global threats and the tightening of national and supranational legislation.
Inventory Of Predatory Insects In Banana Germplasm Umbulharjo Yogyakarta
Authors: Putra Ichsan , Sahnan Hastin Nur Samsia 
Published: December 2022

One of the beneficial insects in agriculture and plantations is a predator. Using natural predators to control pests and diseases certainly has advantages. The purpose of this study was to calculate the level of predatory insect diversity in banana germplasm plantations and find the most abundant and least abundant predatory insects. The independent variable in this study is the banana germplasm plantation area, and the dependent variable in this study is the diversity and dominance of predatory insects found in the research location. Sampling in this study using a random method. The sweep net was in the morning, while the pitfall was collected, installed in the morning and taken in the afternoon. Predatory insect data analysis used in this study is to use the scan now-wiener diversity index and the Simpson dormancy index. The results showed that the predatory insects that mainly were found were the species, Paratrechina longicornis while the least that was found was the species Ischiodon scutellaris. From other results, namely the level of predatory insect diversity obtained, the results show that Yogyakarta banan germ plantation have moderate diversity of predatory insects. The conclusion of this study is that there is a disturbance in the Giwangan Banana Germplasm Garden Yogyakarta due to insects, so that the diversity index is moderate, while the predominance of predatory insects is 0.484, which means that in the ecosystem, one predatory insect is found that dominates.
Process of Making Nata de Salacca from Honey Salak Fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) with the Application of Biotechnology Techniques
Authors: Irwani Anisa Novia , Auranina Oskandar Yasmin , Novia Irwani Anisa , Putri Rahmawati Dian , Puri Ducha Rahmani Tara 
Published: December 2022

Salak is typical Indonesian fruit commonly found in tropical countries. This fruit can fill global fruit market via exports to various countries. One of the varieties is "salak madu" ("honey salak"), whose scientific name is (Salacca edulis Reinw), which has higher economic value than "salak pondoh super". Some of the characteristics of honey salak are thick flesh, high water content, and sweet taste. Due to its high water content, honey salak rots quickly, resulting in useless waste and causing unfavorable smell. As such, utilization of overripe salak fruit (ripe close to rotten) can be done with implementation of biotechnological approach using Acetobacter xylinum to make nata. This study is aimed at utilizing overripe honey salak (ripe close to rotten) by processing it into Nata de salaca and identifying the factors affecting the production of Nata de salaca. The study used systematic review method by reviewing and examining previously published journal articles. The results of this study suggest that overripe salak can be utilized to make Nata de Salaca with the help of Acetobacter xylinum. Based on ratio of salak substrate to water, a good Nata has the ratio of 1 : 4. 1. Whereas, based on the factor of sprout extract additive material, it is 3%. Dan Whereas based on optimum duration of fermentation, it is 10 minutes.
High-order mode erbium-doped fiber laser based on cavity LPFG converters
Authors: Liu Yicong , Wang Pan , Feng Mao , Wang Qingbo , He Jiangyong , Chang Wenzhe , Wang Zhi , Liu Yange 
Published: December 2022

We experimentally investigate high-order mode (HOM) generation at a
wavelength of 1.5 µm in an all-fiber erbium-doped laser based
on a long-period fiber grating (LPFG). The CW laser emission is
achieved when the pump power is above the threshold of 10 mW.
An LPFG with a 15 dB bandwidth of 147.76 nm from
1502.76 nm to 1650.52 nm is used as a mode converter
inside the cavity. The generation of the broadband

L
P

11

mode is ultimately obtained. By using
a few-mode output coupler, we can obtain the intracavity conversion of
the linear polarization mode. Single-, dual-, triple-, and
quadruple-wavelength operations can be achieved by changing the
polarization state of the polarization controllers in the cavity. The
tunable range of the output wavelengths is up to

∼

23.20

n
m

. The output power and slope
efficiency of the HOMs are presented and discussed. We believe our
work might benefit the investigation of HOM fiber lasers, and might be
further applied to the intracavity conversion of the linear
polarization mode or orbital angular momentum beams.
Salivary gland ultrasound is associated with the presence of autoantibodies in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: A Danish single-centre study
Authors: Schmidt Nanna Surlemont , Voss Anne , Nilsson Anna Christine , Terslev Lene , Just Søren Andreas , Lindegaard Hanne M. 
Published: December 2022

Objectives
To investigate whether ultrasound findings of major salivary glands are correlated with serological markers, autoantibodies, patient- or doctor-reported disease activity in a Danish cohort of patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS).

Methods
In all, 49 patients at Odense University Hospital with pSS diagnosed according to the 2002 American-European Consensus Group (AECG) classification criteria were included. Patients were characterized using the EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI, score of systemic complications) and EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), serologic markers, Schirmer’s test and salivary test. Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) was performed of the submandibular and parotid glands and scored according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERACT) semi-quantitative scoring system.

Results
More patients with abnormal SGUS had antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (p = 0.002), anti-Ro52 (p = 0.001), anti-Ro60 (p<0.001), anti-La (p<0.001) and IgM-RF (p<0.001). Titers for ANA (p = 0.02) and anti-Ro52 (p = 0.03) were higher in patients with abnormal SGUS. Twenty-three of the pSS patients had no pathological findings on SGUS. There was no correlation between SGUS severity and ESSDAI- or ESSPRI-scores.

Conclusions
Abnormal SGUS findings are associated with autoantibodies of high specificity for pSS but not with ESSDAI, ESSPRI or inflammatory markers.