bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ivermectin compared with placebo in the clinical evolution of Mexican patients with asymptomatic and mild COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rocha Carmen de la , Cid-Lopez Marco A , Venegas-Lopez Blanca I , Gómez-Mendez Sandra C , Sánchez-Ortiz Adriana , Pérez-Ríos Alma M , Llamas-Velazquez Ricardo A , Meza-Acuña Aidé I , Vargas-Íñiguez Bárbara , Rosales-Galván Daniela , Tavares-Valdez Alejandra , Luna-Gudiño Nizdali , Hernandez-Puente Cinthia V , Milenkovic Jovana , Iglesias-Palomares Cecilia , Villar Miriam Méndez-del , Gutierrez-Dieck Gerardo A , Valderrábano-Roldán Carlos G , Mercado-Cerda Jennefer , Robles-Bojorquez Jocelyn G , Sesma Arieh Roldan Mercado 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the development and application of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 around the world, the scientific community still tried to find some therapies to avoid or ameliorate the fatal evolution of the COVID-19. Since the publication of the potential use of Ivermectin as a treatment against the disease, a pleiad of information about it has been published. However, the evidence is not strong or weak enough to conclude its usefulness in the clinical evolution of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. We evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivermectin in the treatment of Mexican patients with asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 in a three-day administration in comparison to placebo.
Methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 66 adults with asymptomatic and mild COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 ratio to Ivermectin plus acetaminophen or placebo plus acetaminophen. The primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects without a disease progression to severity according to COVID-19 guidelines by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) since randomization to 14 days.
Results
None of the participants presented progression to a severe state in either group. Viral load was measured on Days 1, 5 and 14. No significant differences were observed in baseline or 14-day between groups (p = 0.720 and 0.362, respectively). However, on Day 5, a significant difference in viral load was observed between groups (p = 0.039). The frequency of symptoms was similar between groups, and no significant differences were observed. The most frequent symptom was cough. One severe adverse event associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in the ivermectin group.
Conclusions
At standard doses, ivermectin is not effective in the progression to severe state and reducing symptoms in adults with asymptomatic and mild COVID-19.
Trial registration
The study was registered with ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04407507)
Premature Infants Receiving Delayed Cord Clamping with and without Cord Milking: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Prachukthum Sariya , Tanprasertkul Chamnan , Somprasit Charintip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Premature babies often have long hospital stays and frequent blood tests; they often develop anemia requiring multiple blood transfusions. Placental transfusion via delayed cord clamping (DCC) or umbilical cord milking (UCM) helps increase blood volume. We hypothesized umbilical cord milking (UCM), together with DCC, would be a superior in reducing blood transfusions.Objectives: To compare the effects of DCC and DCC combined with UCM on hematologic outcomes among preterm infants. Methods: 120 singleton preterm infants born at 280/7- 336/7 weeks of gestation at Thammasat University Hospital were enrolled in a randomized controlled, open label, trial. They were placed into three groups (1:1:1) by a block-of-three randomization: DCC for 45 seconds, DCC with UCM performed before clamping (DCM-B), and DCC with UCM performed after clamping (DCM-A). The primary outcomes were hematocrit levels and number of infants receiving blood transfusions during the first 28 days of life. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were secondary outcomes. Analysis were performed with an intent-to-treat approach.Results: 120 preterm infants were randomized. There was no statistically significant difference in neonatal outcomes; hematocrit on admission 54.0 ± 5.5, 53.3 ± 6.0, and 54.3 ± 5.8, receiving blood transfusions 25%, 20% and 12.5%, incidence of NEC 7.5, 0 and 10% in the DCC, DCM-B and DCM-A groups, respectively. There were no preterm infants with severe IVH, polycythemia, maternal or neonatal death.Conclusion: Although it was not significantly different, preterm infants in DCM-B and DCM-A groups requiring blood transfusion were less than those in DCC group. All three placental transfusion techniques provided the same benefit in preterm infants in reducing the incidence of severe IVH and NEC without increasing complication and comorbidity. Trial Registration: TCTR20190131002Registered 31 January 2019 - Retrospectively registered http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20190131002
Pharmacophore optimization of substituted N-phenyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide using molecular modelling studies, design, ADMET prediction, synthesis and evaluation of potential anti-cancer agents.
Authors: Bhandari Shashikant V. , Nagras Om G. , Kuthe Pranali V. , Sarkate Aniket P. , Pathak Vrushali P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A current study shows that N-phenyl-2, 2-dichloroacetamide analogues can induce cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth by inhibiting the enzyme Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDK), but they have not been proved as clinically promising anticancer agents due to their low biological activity as well as toxicity profile. Hence Two-dimensional (2D), Three-dimensional (3D) and Group based (G) Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies were performed to correlate the chemical composition of N-phenyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide analogues with their anticancer activity in order to optimize the pharmacophore requirements for potent PDK inhibitors. New Molecular Entities (NMEs) were designed using the results of all QSAR studies. Binding affinities of designed NMEs were studied on PDK II & PDK I enzymes (PDB code: 2BU8 & 2Q8H respectively) using molecular docking studies. The ADMET properties of designed NMEs were also predicted to ensure their drug like pharmacokinetic profile. Results of molecular modeling studies were cross verified by synthesis and testing the designed compounds by cytotoxicity assay using A549 cell line. Compound D4 exhibited very significant anti proliferative effect. The potency in order was observed as below compounds [Most potent] D4(IC50 = 0.167µm/ml) > D5(IC50 = 0.191µm/ml) > D8(IC50 = 0.218µm/ml) > D9(IC50 = 0.238µm/ml) > D11(IC50 = 0.290µm/ml) > D12(IC50 = 0.409µm/ml) > [Least potent] D14(IC50 = 0.635µm/ml). All the designed compounds were found to be more potent as compared to most potent compounds of the selected series. Thus, compound D4 and D5 with potent inhibitory activity in tumor growth inhibition were found be a potential anticancer agent.
Reverse osmosis water desalination plants and environmental impacts
Authors: Rezaei Leila , Alipour Vali , Dehghani Mohsen , Hassani Amir Hesam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This case-control study was conducted to investigate the possibility of pollution caused by reverse osmosis desalination wastewater discharge into the coastal environment from spring 2019 to fall 2020. Five sites (wastewater receiving) and two sites (checkpoint) were selected in Bandar Abbas coast. Seawater, plant waste, and coastal sediments were sampled 63 times at checkpoints and cases. The physical, chemical, heavy metals and plankton were measured. The environmental pollution indices including pollution coefficient, pollution load, enrichment, toxicity potential were determined. The EC and heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, zinc and Fe) values in the checkpoint were significantly higher than the control stations. The plankton counts in the control stations was more than checkpoint. The pollution indices show low to moderate pollution levels of the banks of the desalination plant. Desalination plants have the potential to adversely affect coastal ecosystems; monitoring and management programs need to be implemented more extensively.
Double-kill mechanism of artemisinin against Plasmodium
Authors: Sun Jun , Guo Fujiang , Liu Chuang , Chen Bo , Xu Wenyue , Li Jia , Du Xiling , Liu Yixian , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) can kill malaria parasites, but its mechanism remains unclear. Haem or iron (HI) was proposed to activate ARTs to produce free radicals that kill malaria parasites. However, our results revealed that adding iron supply did not enhance the antimalarial effect of ARTs but attenuated this effect, strongly suggesting that its free radical effect was not its only antimalarial mechanism. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL-infected erythrocytes revealed that the stages most sensitive to ARTs were closely associated with the expression of haem- and iron- related, DNA synthesis-related, antioxidation-related, and pentose-phosphate-pathway-related genes, simultaneously accompanied with the release and utilization of HI. In addition, ARTs were found to combine with haem to form adducts and disturb the normal aggregation of hemozoin in parasites. In particular, adding iron supply antagonized the antimalarial effect of ARTs in vivo and in vitro, strongly suggesting that ARTs trap HI and disturb the requirement of parasites dependent of HI, thereby resulting in the antimalarial effect, which is likely similar to the antimalarial mechanism of iron chelators. Thus, the iron chelator effect with free radical effect renders ARTs the double-kill antimalarial mechanism.
Taper up-off treatment of opium may reverse some dysregulations of gene expression patterns caused by four type of leukemia, AML, ALL, CML and CLL; a pilot animal model study
Authors: Dezhakam Hossein , Dezhakam Ani , Haghighatfard Arvin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Leukemia is a group of lethal diseases characterized by hematological neoplasm with complex and abnormalities in proliferation of bone marrow stem cells, that cause sever loss of functional capacity of hematopoietic tissue. Four most common types of leukemia are included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It has been reported that opium besides of pain killer effects, may have positive effects on cardiovascular disease treatments. Opium may consider as a potential treatment method in cancer. The present study aimed to assess the gene expression pattern alterations in the rat models of four types of Leukemia (ALL, AML, CLL, and CML) under taper up-off treatment method with of opium. Present study was included twelve group, referred to four type of Leukemia (ALL, AML, CLL, and CML) that each type studied in three group. Group one contented normal rats, group two rat model of each type of leukemia with no treatment and group three the rat model of that type of leukemia with 26 days period of opium taper up-off treatment. After the scarification of rats, the bone marrow tissue were extracted. Then, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis had been conducted on bone marrow tissues. Whole genome expression profiling was conducted by using the Affymetrix GeneChip Array Platform. Microarray results were confirmed by Real time PCR. Microarray analysis detected that hundreds of genes which were involved in Ontogenesis and apoptosis, humoral immune system, tool like receptors, natural killer cells regulators and metabolic pathways and were deregulated in leukemic models, were partially reregulated in treatment groups. Results showed that opium may have positive effects on reregulation of affected gene expression patterns in all types of leukemia. It may suggest that opium taper up-off treatment could be consider as re-regulator of immune system and a novel potential treatment for leukemia with low side effects and high viability.
Langar: An Approach to Evaluate Reo Programming Language
Authors: Besharati Mohammad Reza , Izadi Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Reo is a formal coordination language. In order to assess and evaluate its capabilities, we need a multi-perspective Language Evaluation Framework. Langar (Language Analysis for Reo) is a framework aimed to provide such an evaluation method. In this paper, we introduce Langar. Based on a review on various language evaluation methods, a tool-kit for useful evaluation techniques are provided. After Reo Evaluation, this method and tool-kit also could be used for another programming, computational and even natural languages. Furthermore, two suggestions for some future efforts and directions are provided for software engineering and software methodology communities.
Liraglutide ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via activating Cav3/eNOS/NO signaling and enhancing interaction of Cav3 with RyR2
Authors: Li Xu , Ni Zebin , Wang Junwu , Ye Xiuying , Shen Yujing , Liu Ruohai , Pan Wei , Cao Hong , Wu Wenjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Liraglutide (LIRA), a Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), showed potent cardioprotective effects of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) with the mechanism remained incompletely understood.
Methods
T2DM rats were used as study subjects and randomly divided into four groups: 1) CON group, 2) CON + L group, 3) DM group and 4) DM + L group. All rats received either saline or LIRA 0.2 mg/kg (by i.p injection) per day for 4 weeks. After the model was successfully established, cardiac function was determined by invasive hemodynamic evaluation methods. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to understand the molecular mechanism between cardiac function and LIRA. Cultured H9C2 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of Cav3 under high glucose (HG), western blot was performed to understand the molecular mechanism between Cav3 and RyR2 with LIRA.
Results
Based on our results, LIRA treatment showed a trend to enhance LVSP (110.76 ± 5.61 mmHg) and ± dp/dtmax (5860.41 ± 200.32 mmHg and 3996.8 ± 179.3 mmHg), decreased LVEDP (7.23 ± 0.58 mmHg). The expression of Cav3, eNOS and RyR2 was significantly decreased in the myocardium in DM group, which increased in DM + L group after LIRA administrated. LIRA improved cardiac systolic and diastolic function, attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy injury by improving Cav3/eNOS/NO signaling and increasing interaction of Cav3 and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) in diabetic cardiac tissues.
Conclusion
In summary, we found that Liraglutide ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus via improving Cav3/eNOS/NO signaling and increasing interaction of Cav3 and RyR2.
Evaluating the performance of multi-criteria decision making techniques in flood susceptibility mapping
Authors: Mahato Ranjit , Bushi Dhoni , Nimasow Gibji , Barman Bikul , Joshi Ramesh , Yadava Ram Sakal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Performances of multi-criteria decision making techniques in prediction of flood susceptibility are varied. We evaluated performances of ARAS, CODAS, COPRAS, EDAS, MOORA, TOPSIS, VIKOR, and WASPAS in predicting flood susceptibility of Barpeta district of Assam, India. Elevation, slope, proximity to river, geomorphology, drainage density, rainfall, land use/ land cover, lithology, soil, stream power index, topographic wetness index and plan curvature were used as flood conditioning factors. The results show higher flood susceptibility over areas characterized by gentle slopes, low elevation and high proximity to drainage. Performances of the models were evaluated using area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). TOPSIS model showed better success (AUC = 0.965) and prediction rate (AUC = 0.962) than other models. Among the best performing models, highest percentage of area under high flood susceptibility was predicted by TOPSIS. Therefore, TOPSIS can be effectively used for flood risk management in areas having similar geographical conditions.
Enduring and Instant H2O2 Generation via Controlled Coupling Transfer
Authors: Zhao Yong-Yan , He Jing-Hui , Duan Guangxin , Lu Jian-Mei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extremely slow kinetics and limited accumulation of H2O2 during the oxygen reduction reaction, which derives from the negative effects of diffusion-limited and further catalysis, are the grant challenges seriously hindering the development of green H2O2 synthesis. Herein, we first controlled the coupling energy of the proton and electron by periodic-potential-driven catalysis, achieving 56-fold greater H2O2 accumulation than that generated by constant-potential catalysis. To modulate proton and electron coupling transfer, we employed optimized dual-electrolytes to achieve a rate of 45900 mmol gcat−1 h− 1, and provided strong evidence of molecular-level understanding via comprehensive microenvironment simulation. These results were obtained with a pyrolytic metal/reduced cage crystal (RCC1) catalyst with stable performance reaching 3.6 million pulses, which generated products that can be directly utilized for the complete removal of bacteria in 2 seconds from seawater. Our systemic methodology and in situ application are anticipated to aid in the design of innovative catalysts, provide a deep understanding of pulse and electrolyte effects, and aid in the design of a new effective cell system to achieve industry-level H2O2 production.
Between empathy and anger: healthcare workers’ perspectives on patient disengagement from antiretroviral treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa - a qualitative study
Authors: Nhemachena Tsephiso , Späth Carmen , Arendse Kirsten D , Lebelo Keitumetse , Keene Claire M , Zokufa Nompumelelo , Cassidy Tali , Swartz Alison 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background & objectivesThe benefits of long-term adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) are countered by interruptions in care or disengagement from care. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play an important role in patient engagement and negative or authoritarian attitudes can drive patients to disengage. However, little is known about HCW perspectives on disengagement. We explored HCWs’ perspectives on ART disengagement in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban area in South Africa with a high HIV burden.MethodSemi-structured interviews were conducted in English with 30 HCWs in a primary care HIV clinic to explore their perspectives of patients who disengage from ART. Participants included doctors, nurses, counsellors, social workers, data clerks, security guards, and allied health professionals. The interview guide included questions that asked HCWs to give examples of patients who interrupt treatment, their perceptions of people who disengage from care and their feelings when dealing with a patient who is returning to care. All transcripts were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.ResultsMost staff were knowledgeable about the complexities of disengagement and highlighted potential barriers to sustaining adherence on ART, including mental health challenges and non-disclosure to family and partners. Participants expressed empathy for patients who interrupted treatment, particularly when discussing potential barriers to continued engagement in care. However, many also expressed feelings of anger and frustration towards these patients, partly because they reported these patients increase workload. Some staff, mainly those taking chronic medication themselves, perceived that patient who disengage from ART do not take adequate responsibility for their health.ConclusionLifelong engagement with HIV care is influenced by many factors, including HCW interactions. Findings from this study show that staff had contradictory feelings towards disengaged patients, experiencing both empathy and anger. This understanding could contribute to the development of more nuanced interventions to support staff and encourage true person-centred care, to improve patient outcomes.
Contraceptive Utilization And Associated Factors Among Polygamous And Monogamous Women In Worebabo Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study, Mixed Model
Authors: Adem Yonas Fissha , Asrese Eueail Teferi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: - Ethiopia is one of the most populated countries in Africa with a high fertility rate. High population growth and unintended pregnancies are posing pressures where the economy is incapable of holding overpopulation. Despite this problem, utilization of modern contraception is low in rural areas of the country where most of the population resides, especially in the areas where polygamy is common. Understanding modern contraceptive use and the unmet need for family planning is important to changes in fertility and improving reproductive health worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess contraceptive utilization and associated factors among polygamous and monogamous women in worebabo woreda, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. Method: - A community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted on the total sample size of 774 selected married women of the reproductive age group by using a multistage sampling method. A pre-tested interview with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Determinant factors were analyzed by using bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models. The odds ratio, with a 95% confidence level, was used to declare a statistically significant association. A phenomenological study design and a purposive sampling method were used for the qualitative part of the study. Result: - A total of 703 married women of the reproductive age group were interviewed, among these married women, 352 and 351 were in monogamous and polygamous relationships. The proportion of women who use modern contraceptives was 161 (45.7%) in monogamous relationship, and 151 (43.0%) in polygamous relationships. Overall, utilization of modern contraceptives was significantly associated with the educational status of the respondent, respondent type of religion, desire time for other children, who decides on the number of children, getting clear information by Health care provider, family pressure to use of modern contraceptive, fear of social stigma, and accept myths about contraceptives. Conclusion: - This study identified that utilization of modern contraception is low in the study area. Healthcare programmers at federal, regional, zonal, and woreda levels by collaborating with other partners should initiate new initiatives or interventions that target cultural and social relationships to encourage the utilization of modern contraceptive methods.