bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust in the wind with resonant drag instabilities – I. The dynamics of dust-driven outflows in GMCs and H ii regions
Authors: Hopkins Philip F , Rosen Anna L , Squire Jonathan , Panopoulou Georgia V , Soliman Nadine H , Seligman Darryl , Steinwandel Ulrich P 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Radiation-dust driven outflows, where radiation pressure on dust grains accelerates gas, occur in many astrophysical environments. Almost all previous numerical studies of these systems have assumed that the dust was perfectly coupled to the gas. However, it has recently been shown that the dust in these systems is unstable to a large class of ‘resonant drag instabilities’ (RDIs) which de-couple the dust and gas dynamics and could qualitatively change the non-linear outcome of these outflows. We present the first simulations of radiation-dust driven outflows in stratified, inhomogeneous media, including explicit grain dynamics and a realistic spectrum of grain sizes and charge, magnetic fields and Lorentz forces on grains (which dramatically enhance the RDIs), Coulomb and Epstein drag forces, and explicit radiation transport allowing for different grain absorption and scattering properties. In this paper, we consider conditions resembling giant molecular clouds (GMCs), H ii regions, and distributed starbursts, where optical depths are modest (≲1), single-scattering effects dominate radiation-dust coupling, Lorentz forces dominate over drag on grains, and the fastest-growing RDIs are similar, such as magnetosonic and fast-gyro RDIs. These RDIs generically produce strong size-dependent dust clustering, growing non-linear on time-scales that are much shorter than the characteristic times of the outflow. The instabilities produce filamentary and plume-like or ‘horsehead’ nebular morphologies that are remarkably similar to observed dust structures in GMCs and H ii regions. Additionally, in some cases they strongly alter the magnetic field structure and topology relative to filaments. Despite driving strong micro-scale dust clumping which leaves some gas ‘behind,’ an order-unity fraction of the gas is always efficiently entrained by dust.
Solenoidal turbulent modes and star formation efficiency in Galactic plane molecular clouds
Authors: Rani Raffaele , Moore Toby J T , Eden David J , Rigby Andrew J 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
It is speculated that the high star formation efficiency observed in spiral-arm molecular clouds is linked to the prevalence of compressive (curl-free) turbulent modes, while the shear-driven solenoidal (divergence-free) modes appear to be the main cause of the low star formation efficiency that characterizes clouds in the Central Molecular Zone. Similarly, analysis of the Orion B molecular cloud has confirmed that, although turbulent modes vary locally and at different scales within the cloud, the dominant solenoidal turbulence is compatible with its low star formation rate. This evidence points to intercloud and intracloud fluctuations of the solenoidal modes being an agent for the variability of star formation efficiency. We present a quantitative estimation of the relative fractions of momentum density in the solenoidal modes of turbulence in a large sample of plane molecular clouds in the 13CO/C18O (J = 3 → 2) Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey (CHIMPS). We find a negative correlation between the solenoidal fraction and star formation efficiency. This feature is consistent with the hypothesis that solenoidal modes prevent or slow down the collapse of dense cores. In addition, the relative power in the solenoidal modes of turbulence (solenoidal fraction) appears to be higher in the Inner Galaxy declining with a shallow gradient with increasing Galactocentric distance. Outside the Inner Galaxy, the slowly, monotonically declining values suggest that the solenoidal fraction is unaffected by the spiral arms.
Simulating nearly edge-on sloshing in the galaxy cluster Abell 2199
Authors: Machado R E G , Laganá T F , Souza G S , Caproni A , Antas A S R , Mello-Terencio E A 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Off-axis collisions between galaxy clusters may induce the phenomenon of sloshing, causing dense gas to be dragged from the cool core of a cluster, resulting in a spiral of enhanced X-ray emission. Abell 2199 displays signatures of sloshing in its core and it is possible that the orbital plane of the collision is seen nearly edge-on. We aim to evaluate whether the features of Abell 2199 can be explained by a sloshing spiral seen under a large inclination angle. To address this, we perform tailored hydrodynamical N-body simulations of a non-frontal collision with a galaxy group of $M_{200}=1.6\times 10^{13}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$. We obtain a suitable scenario in which the group passed by the main cluster core 0.8 Gyr ago, with a pericentric separation of 292 kpc. A good agreement is obtained from the temperature maps as well as the residuals from a β-model fit to the simulated X-ray emission. We find that under an inclination of i = 70° the simulation results remain consistent with the observations.
Stringent σ8 constraints from small-scale galaxy clustering using a hybrid MCMC + emulator framework
Authors: Yuan Sihan , Garrison Lehman H , Eisenstein Daniel J , Wechsler Risa H 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a novel simulation-based hybrid emulator approach that maximally derives cosmological and Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) information from non-linear galaxy clustering, with sufficient precision for DESI Year 1 (Y1) analysis. Our hybrid approach first samples the HOD space on a fixed cosmological simulation grid to constrain the high-likelihood region of cosmology + HOD parameter space, and then constructs the emulator within this constrained region. This approach significantly reduces the parameter volume emulated over, thus achieving much smaller emulator errors with fixed number of training points. We demonstrate that this combined with state-of-the-art simulations result in tight emulator errors comparable to expected DESI Y1 LRG sample variance. We leverage the new abacussummit simulations and apply our hybrid approach to CMASS non-linear galaxy clustering data. We infer constraints on σ8 = 0.762 ± 0.024 and fσ8(zeff = 0.52) = 0.444 ± 0.016, the tightest among contemporary galaxy clustering studies. We also demonstrate that our fσ8 constraint is robust against secondary biases and other HOD model choices, a critical first step towards showcasing the robust cosmology information accessible in non-linear scales. We speculate that the additional statistical power of DESI Y1 should tighten the growth rate constraints by at least another 50–60 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, significantly elucidating any potential tension with Planck. We also address the ‘lensing is low’ tension, which we find to be in the same direction as a potential tension in fσ8. We show that the combined effect of a lower fσ8 and environment-based bias accounts for approximately $50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the discrepancy.
Functional assessment of military aircrew applicants in a hypobaric chamber
Authors: Ang T , Tan D , Goh B , Ng W T , Tan B B C , See B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Aircrew are exposed to environmental pressure changes. In the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF), applicants assessed to be at intermediate risk of otic barotrauma undergo a hypobaric chamber assessment [“trial of chamber” (TOC)] to functionally evaluate their suitability for military aircrew vocations.

Aims
To identify factors associated with TOC failure among applicants with otorhinolaryngological conditions.

Methods
All applicants to RSAF aircrew vocations who were assessed to be at intermediate risk of otic barotrauma over a 3-yr period were identified using the RSAF Aeromedical Centre’s electronic database. Their medical records, as well as the TOC assessment records of the subset of applicants who underwent TOC, were reviewed for demographic data, clinical findings, and TOC outcomes.

Results
Of the 483 identified applicants, 374 (77%) had abnormal otoscopic findings, 103 (21%) had rhinitis symptoms, and 6 (1%) had previous ENT surgery. 123 (25%) underwent TOC, of which 20 (16%) failed. Holding other predictor variables constant, the odds of TOC failure increased by 0.79 per unit decrease in BMI (95% CI 0.63–0.99), and the odds of TOC failure increased by 0.93 per kg decrease in body weight (95% CI 0.87–1.00). An abnormal tympanogram was not a statistically significant predictor of TOC failure (OR 1.96, 95% CI 0.59–6.42). Of the 47 applicants who passed TOC and were eventually recruited, none subsequently developed otic barotrauma (mean follow-up, 3.3 yr ± 1.5 yr).

Conclusions
Applicants with lower weight and BMI are more likely to develop otic barotrauma with environmental pressure change. Tympanometry cannot be reliably used to identify applicants who would more likely pass TOC.
Redescription, taxonomic revaluation and phylogenetic affinities of Proterochampsa nodosa (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae) from the early Late Triassic of the Candelaria Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence)
Authors: De Simão-Oliveira Daniel , Pinheiro Felipe Lima , De Andrade Marco Brandalise , Pretto Flávio Augusto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Proterochampsidae are a group of predatory, putatively semi-aquatic, archosauriforms endemic to the Middle and Upper Triassic strata of Argentina and Brazil (Ischigualasto Formation and Santa Maria Supersequence). Here, the Brazilian species Proterochampsa nodosa from the Candelária Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence of the Paraná Basin) is revisited with a detailed description, phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revaluation. Through the application of computed tomographic scans, we were able to reveal part of the previously hidden morphology of its mandible and palate. We also discuss further differences between P. nodosa and P. barrionuevoi. The new phylogenetic analysis bolsters the monophyly of Proterochampsidae, the genus Proterochampsa and its position as the basalmost proterochampsid taxon in the clade.
Complete Margin Assessment Versus Sectional Assessment in Surgically Excised High-Risk Keratinocyte Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fraga Sophia D. , Besaw Robert J. , Murad Fadi , Schmults Chrysalyne D. , Waldman Abigail 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) are the most diagnosed cancers worldwide and are commonly excised via complete margin assessment (CMA) or excision with sectional assessment (SA). National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines encourage CMA for KC with high-risk features.

OBJECTIVE
To systematically compare recurrence outcomes for CMA vs SA in high-risk KC based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines criteria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for articles reporting recurrences of high-risk KC undergoing excision using CMA or SA. High-risk KCs were defined as recurrent, having perineural invasion (PNI), or basal cell carcinomas (BCC) with aggressive histology. Chi-squared tests and risk ratios evaluated differences between CMA and SA groups, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed.

RESULTS
Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Pooled percentages of locoregional recurrences were significantly lower with CMA vs SA for all KCs (3.9% [95% CI: 2.9–4.9] vs 13.5% [7.7, 19.2, p = .001]), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with PNI (9.8% [5.4–14.1] vs 32.0% [25.0–39.0], p < .001), and recurrent BCC (4.4% [2.9–5.9] vs 11.9% [8.0–15.8], p < .001).

CONCLUSION
For high-risk KCs, recurrence risk was over 3-times greater with SA compared with CMA. Expanded access to CMA for high-risk KC is likely to reduce recurrence risk and improve clinical outcomes.
Self-antigens, benign autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: a beta-cell and T-cell perspective
Authors: Samassa Fatoumata , Mallone Roberto 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Recent work using immunopeptidomics and deconvolution of the antigenic reactivity of islet-infiltrating CD8+ T cells has expanded our knowledge about the autoimmune target epitopes of type 1 diabetes. The stem-like properties of autoimmune CD8+ T cells have also been described. We here propose a possible link between these findings.

Recent findings
Weak major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding epitopes list among the major targets of human islet-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, likely resulting in low peptide-MHC presentation that delivers weak T-cell receptor (TCR) signals, especially in the face of low-affinity autoimmune TCRs. These weak TCR signals may favor the maintenance of the partially differentiated stem-like phenotype recently described for islet-reactive CD8+ T cells in the blood and pancreatic lymph nodes. These weak TCR signals may also be physiological, reflecting the need for self-peptide-MHC contacts to maintain homeostatic T-cell survival and proliferation. These features may underlie the universal state of benign autoimmunity that we recently described, which is characterized by islet-reactive, naïve-like CD8+ T cells circulating in all individuals.

Summary
These observations provide novel challenges and opportunities to develop circulating T-cell biomarkers for autoimmune staging. Therapeutic halting of islet autoimmunity may require targeting of stem-like T cells to blunt their self-regeneration.
Do heel-unloading orthoses improve clinical outcomes in patients after surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture? A propensity-matched, multicenter analysis of the TRON database
Authors: Kagami Yujiro , Tokutake Katsuhiro , Takegami Yasuhiko , Okui Nobuyuki , Sakai Tadahiro , Inoue Hidenori , Kanemura Tokumi , Hanabayashi Masahiro , Ito Osamu , Kanayama Yasuhide , Maruyama Koji , Yoshida Hiroaki , Ando Toshihiro , Sugimoto Ryosuke , Sugimoto Takuya , Imagama Shiro 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Postoperative protocols after surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture have not been standardized to date. There are only a few reports on the efficacy of heel-unloading orthoses (HUOs; Mars shoe, Graffin orthosis), and thier efficacy is uncertain.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative radiologic and clinical outcomes in patients with calcaneal fractures who used Graffin orthosis.

Study design:
Multicenter retrospective study.

Methods:
We finally extracted 182 patients from a database of the Trauma Research Group of Nagoya and divided them into two groups: group C (underwent casting or splinting only) and group O (Graffin orthosis was used). A propensity score algorithm was used to match group C to group O in a 1:1 ratio. We evaluated American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at three and six months after surgery and at final follow-up. Differences in reduction of the Böhler angle between the two groups were evaluated radiographically. All data were analyzed with a t-test or Fisher’s exact test. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The AOFAS score 3 months after surgery in group O was significantly higher than that in group C (69.57 vs. 77.22; P = .004). However, there were no statistically significant differences between group C vs. group O in AOFAS scores at 6 months after surgery and at final follow-up (81.92 vs. 85.67 and 89.18 vs. 88.13; P = .087 and 0.597, respectively). There was no significant statistical difference in the reduction of the Böhler angle (5.07 vs. 5.89; P = .529).

Conclusions:
At 3 months postoperatively, the orthosis group showed predominantly better functional results. We believe that heel-unloading orthoses are useful for patients who require an early return to work and to daily life.
Spectral Shaping Via Tin Prefiltration in Ultra-High-Resolution Photon-Counting and Energy-Integrating Detector CT of the Temporal Bone
Authors: Grunz Jan-Peter , Heidenreich Julius Frederik , Lennartz Simon , Weighardt Jens Philipp , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Ergün Süleyman , Petritsch Bernhard , Huflage Henner 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Hardening the x-ray beam, tin prefiltration is established for imaging of high-contrast subjects in energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT). With this work, we aimed to investigate the dose-saving potential of spectral shaping via tin prefiltration in photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) of the temporal bone.

Methods
Deploying dose-matched scan protocols with and without tin prefiltration on a PCD-CT and EID-CT system (low-/intermediate-/full-dose: 4.8/7.6–7.7/27.0–27.1 mGy), 12 ultra-high-resolution examinations were performed on each of 5 cadaveric heads. While 120 kVp was applied for standard imaging, the protocols with spectral shaping used the highest potential available with tin prefiltration (EID-CT: Sn 150 kVp, PCD-CT: Sn 140 kVp). Contrast-to-noise ratios and dose-saving potential by spectral shaping were computed for each scanner. Three radiologists independently assessed the image quality of each examination with the intraclass correlation coefficient being computed to measure interrater agreement.

Results
Regardless of tin prefiltration, PCD-CT with low (171.2 ± 10.3 HU) and intermediate radiation dose (134.7 ± 4.5 HU) provided less image noise than full-dose EID-CT (177.0 ± 14.2 HU; P < 0.001). Targeting matched image noise to 120 kVp EID-CT, mean dose reduction of 79.3% ± 3.9% could be realized in 120 kVp PCD-CT. Subjective image quality of PCD-CT was better than of EID-CT on each dose level (P < 0.050). While no distinction was found between dose-matched PCD-CT with and without tin prefiltration (P ≥ 0.928), Sn 150 kVp EID-CT provided better image quality than 120 kVp EID-CT at high and intermediate dose levels (P > 0.050). The majority of low-dose EID-CT examinations were considered not diagnostic, whereas PCD-CT scans of the same dose level received satisfactory or better ratings. Interrater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.903).

Conclusions
PCD-CT provides superior image quality and significant dose savings compared with EID-CT for ultra-high-resolution examinations of the temporal bone. Aiming for matched image noise, high-voltage scan protocols with tin prefiltration facilitate additional dose saving in EID-CT, whereas superior inherent denoising decreases the dose reduction potential of spectral shaping in PCD-CT.
Comparison of 18F-MFBG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the Imaging of Metastatic Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Deng Maoxue , Shu Qiaoqiao , Hu Mei , Chen Yue , Cai Liang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Two men with metastatic paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma underwent PET/CT examination in our hospital to understand the treatment effect and progression of the disease. Both patients had previously been treated with 131I-MIBG, and at this evaluation, both of them underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-MFBG PET/CT. The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed more metastases in the images of these 2 patients. This case highlighted that 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is superior to 18F-MFBG PET/CT in detecting metastases from paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma in these 2 patients.
Intra-articular Treatment of Digital Osteoarthritis by Radiosynoviorthesis—Clinical Outcome in Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Ehlich Hans , Kresnik Ewald , Klett Rigobert , Freudenberg Lutz S. , Kampen Willm Uwe 
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, leading to increasing pain and disability. In digital joints, OA results in a reduced quality of life with significantly restricted daily manual activities. Inflammatory processes are increasingly recognized as an important part of OA. Thus, a local anti-inflammatory treatment using intra-articularly applied radiocolloids can be used for treatment.

Purpose
This retrospective study analyzed the long-term effects of radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) with special emphasis to local joint pain in patients from 4 different RSO centers in Germany and Austria.

Methods
A total of 168 finger joints in 147 patients with digital joint OA were investigated. The indication for RSO was based on both clinical complaints and a proven synovitis, despite anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy and previous intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Radiosynoviorthesis was performed according to international guidelines. A numeric visual analog scale (VAS) before and after treatment was used to measure the outcome. Follow-up was done for at least 2 years after treatment, in some patients even over 10 years.

Results
Radiosynoviorthesis resulted in a significant reduction of VAS values in most of the patients, lasting for the whole period of follow-up. Two-thirds of the treated joints showed clinically relevant improvement, if a reduction of 30% in VAS values was defined as a reasonable cutoff. The best results were achieved in thumb base joints.

Conclusions
This article confirms that RSO is a suitable treatment option for digital joint OA with a proven synovitis. The analgesic effect is long-lasting and comparable to the success of RSO in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Genomic evidence for ancient migration routes along South America’s Atlantic coast
Authors: dos Santos Andre Luiz Campelo , Owings Amanda , Lavalle Sullasi Henry Socrates , Gokcumen Omer , DeGiorgio Michael , Lindo John 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAn increasing body of archaeological and genomic evidence has hinted to a complex settlement process of the Americas. This is especially true for South America, where unexpected ancestral signals have raised perplexing scenarios for the early migrations into different regions of the continent. Here we present ancient genomes from the archaeologically rich Northeast Brazil and compare them to ancient and present-day genomic data. We find a distinct relationship between ancient genomes from Northeast Brazil, Lagoa Santa, Uruguay and Panama, representing evidence for ancient migration routes along South America’s Atlantic coast. To further add to the existing complexity, we also detect greater Denisovan than Neanderthal ancestry in ancient Uruguay and Panama individuals. Moreover, we find a strong Australasian signal in an ancient genome from Panama. This work sheds light on the deep demographic history of eastern South America and presents a starting point for future fine-scale investigations on the regional level.
Relaxing parametric assumptions for non-linear Mendelian randomization using a doubly-ranked stratification method
Authors: Tian Haodong , Mason Amy M. , Liu Cunhao , Burgess Stephen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNon-linear Mendelian randomization is an extension to standard Mendelian randomization to explore the shape of the causal relationship between an exposure and outcome using an instrumental variable. The approach divides the population into strata and calculates separate instrumental variable estimates in each stratum. However, the standard implementation of stratification in non-linear Mendelian randomization, referred to as the residual method, relies on strong parametric assumptions of linearity and homogeneity between the instrument and the exposure to form the strata. If these stratification assumptions are violated, the instrumental variable assumptions may be violated in the strata even if they are satisfied in the population, resulting in misleading estimates. We propose a new stratification method, referred to as the doubly-ranked method, that does not require strict parametric assumptions to create strata with different average levels of the exposure such that the instrumental variable assumptions are satisfied within the strata. Our simulation study indicates that the doubly-ranked method can obtain unbiased stratum-specific estimates and appropriate coverage rates even when the effect of the instrument on the exposure is non-linear or heterogeneous. Moreover, it can also provide unbiased estimates when the exposure is coarsened (that is, rounded, binned into categories, or truncated), a scenario that is common in applied practice and leads to substantial bias in the residual method. We applied the proposed doubly-ranked method to investigate the effect of alcohol intake on systolic blood pressure, and found evidence of a positive effect of alcohol intake, particularly at higher levels of alcohol consumption.