bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Einasto model for dark matter haloes
Authors: Baes Maarten 
Published: September 2022

Context. The Einasto model has become one of the most popular models for describing the density profile of dark matter haloes. There have been relatively few comprehensive studies on the dynamical structure of the Einasto model, mainly because only a limited number of properties can be calculated analytically.
Aims. We want to systematically investigate the photometric and dynamical structure of the family of Einasto models over the entire model parameter space.
Methods. We used the SpheCow code to explore the properties of the Einasto model. We systematically investigated how the most important properties change as a function of the Einasto index n. We considered both isotropic models and radially anisotropic models with an Osipkov-Merritt orbital structure.
Results. We find that all Einasto models with n < 1/2 have a formal isotropic or Osipkov-Merritt distribution function that is negative in parts of phase space, and hence cannot be supported by such orbital structures. On the other hand, all models with larger values of n can be supported by an isotropic orbital structure, or by an Osipkov-Merritt anisotropy, as long as the anisotropy radius is larger than a critical value. This critical anisotropy radius is a decreasing function of n, indicating that less centrally concentrated models allow for a larger degree of radial anisotropy.
Conclusions. Studies of the structure and dynamics of models for galaxies and dark matter haloes should not be restricted to completely analytical models. Numerical codes such as SpheCow can help open up the range of models that are systematically investigated. This applies to the Einasto model discussed here, but also to other proposed models for dark matter haloes, including different extensions to the Einasto model.
Comparison of Definitions for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Cohort
Study
Authors: Okulu Emel , Kraja Elvis , Kostekci Yasemin Ezgi , Aloyeva Rana , Erdeve Omer , Atasay Begum , Arsan Saadet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe aimed to compare the definitions of National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development (NICHD) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) for determining
the incidences, and predicting late death and respiratory outcome. This
retrospective cohort study included infants born at<32 weeks’
gestation who survived up to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). Infants
were classified as having BPD or no BPD per thedefinitions of NICHD 2001 and
2018. The incidences of BPD were 49 and 32% according to the 2001 and
2018 NICHD definitions. Gestational age, birth weight and intubation after birth
were associated with BPD by both definitions. The NICHD 2018 definition
displayed similar sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value
(100%), and higher specificity (70 vs. 52%) for predicting death
after 36 weeks’ PMA; a higher specificity (72 vs. 53%),
comparable negative predictive value (77 vs.76%), but lower sensitivity
for predicting adverse respiratory outcome within 12 months corrected age
compared with the NICHD 2001 definition. The NICHD 2018 definition is as
powerful as the 2001 definition for predicting late death and seems to be a
better indicator for long-term respiratory outcome. The use of supplemental
oxygen or oxygen plus respiratory support should be considered while predicting
both late death and long-term respiratory outcome.
Occurrence of Thromboembolic Events and Mortality Among Hospitalized Coronavirus 2019 Patients: Large Observational Cohort Study of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Spyropoulos Alex C. , Crawford James M. , Chen Yen-Wen Cindy , Ashton Veronica , Campbell Alicia K. , Milentijevic Dejan , Peacock W. Frank 
Published: September 2022

Background Most symptoms of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) are mild; however, some patients experience cardiovascular complications, including thromboembolic events and death. Data are needed to better inform prevention and treatment of these events. This analysis was designed to describe patient characteristics, medication use, thromboembolic events, and all-cause mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States.
Methods This retrospective, observational cohort study identified adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (January 21, 2020–January 07, 2021) in the deidentified Optum COVID-19 Electronic Health Records dataset. Thromboembolic events and all-cause mortality were collected at any time during the variable follow-up period (up to 50 weeks).
Results Of 181,995 COVID-19 patients who met eligibility criteria, 40,524 (22.3%) were hospitalized with COVID-19. Hospitalized patients had a mean age of 63 years and a Quan–Charlson comorbidity index of 1.3. Anticoagulants were used in 89.2% of patients during hospitalization and in 18.7% of postdischarge patients. Of hospitalized patients, 17.6% had a thromboembolic event during the entire follow-up period (mean time to the first event of 15 days), of whom 13.4% had an event during hospitalization; of discharged patients, 4.3% had a thromboembolic event (mean time from discharge to event of 43 days). Death during the follow-up period was reported in 15.0% of patients.
Conclusions In this large, observational cohort study, patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had high rates of thromboembolic events during hospitalization and in the postdischarge period; mortality was also high in this population. Anticoagulant use was common during hospitalization. These findings support further studies to optimize in-hospital and extended prophylaxis for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Reconstruction of Multiple Digital Defects by Temporary Syndactylization Using a Lateral Arm Free Flap
Authors: Ki Sae Hwi , Yoon Jin Myung , Park Tae Jun , Choi M. Seung Suk , Hong Min Ki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Soft tissue defects of the multiple finger present challenges to reconstruction surgeons. Here, we introduce the use of a lateral arm free flap and syndactylization for the coverage of multiple finger soft tissue defects.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted based on reviews of the medical records of 13 patients with multiple soft tissue defects of fingers (n = 33) that underwent temporary syndactylization with a microvascular lateral arm flap for temporary syndactylization from January 2010 to December 2020. Surgical and functional outcomes, times of flap division, complications, and demographic data were analyzed.
Results Middle fingers were most frequently affected, followed by ring and index fingers. Mean patient age was 43.58 years. The 13 patients had suffered 10 traumas, 2 thermal burns, and 1 scar contracture. Release of temporary syndactyly was performed 3 to 9 weeks after syndactylization. All flaps survived, but partial necrosis occurred in one patient, who required a local transposition flap after syndactylization release. The mean follow-up was 15.8 months.
Conclusion Coverage of multiple finger defects by temporary syndactylization using a free lateral arm flap with subsequent division offers an alternative treatment option.
Reconstruction of Extensive Diaphragmatic Defects Using the Rectus Abdominis Muscle and Fascial Flap
Authors: Kato Shumpei , Sakuma Hisashi , Fujii Takako , Tanaka Ichiro , Matsui Junichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiaphragmatic reconstruction is required for extensive diaphragmatic defects associated with tumor resection. Methods using artificial mesh and autologous tissues, such as pedicled flaps, have been reported predominantly for diaphragmatic reconstruction. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with a 14 × 13 × 12 cm tumor in the abdominal cavity of the upper left abdomen on computed tomography. The diaphragm defect measuring 12 × 7 cm that occurred during excision of the malignant tumor was reconstructed using the rectus abdominis muscle and fascial flap. The flap has vertical and horizontal vascular axes; therefore, blood flow is stable. It also has the advantage of increasing the range of motion and reducing twisting of the vascular pedicles. Fascial flap does not require processing such as thinning and can be used during suture fixation. This procedure, which has rarely been reported so far, has many advantages and may be a useful option for diaphragm reconstruction.
A Pre-Post Interventional Study for Evaluating the Usefulness of Homoeopathic Medicine Nux vomica to Combat the Side Effects of Liposomal Amphotericin B Injection in the Cases of Mucormycosis
Authors: Chakraborty Moumita , Rani Purnima , Gupta Neelima , Saxena Nidhi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction India reported a recent surge in mucormycosis cases, after outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. Treatment for this entity is multifaceted and involves surgical debridement of affected tissues and antifungal treatment. In current practice, amphotericin B and isavuconazole are the two antifungal agents recommended for the primary therapy of mucormycosis. Possible side effects of liposomal form of amphotericin B (LAmB) include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache after the infusion is started. Nux vomica is a homoeopathic medicine and is one of the best remedies with which to commence treatment of cases that have been drugged by mixtures, bitters, vegetable pills but only if symptoms correspond. The aim of this study was to observe the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine Nux vomica to combat the side effects of LAmB injection in the cases of mucormycosis.
Methods Total 55 diagnosed cases of mucormycosis, admitted in the Tertiary Care Centre (Govt. of Delhi), were enrolled in the study as per inclusion criteria. After reportorial analysis, Nux vomica 30C was given to the patients from 2nd day of administration of LAmB. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale was used to assess the improvement in the cases by comparing the scores obtained before and after the treatment.
Result Out of 55 cases, 42 showed marked improvement from 7th day onwards after administration of Nux vomica 30C. Result was analysed by using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference and was found statistically significant at 5% level of significance.
Conclusion This study indicates that Nux vomica is possibly a useful medicine to combat the side effects of LAmB injection in the cases of mucormycosis. Nux vomica helped to improve the condition of the patients and enabled them to continue the required conventional treatment for their speedy recovery. More studies are required for further validation.
My Back My Plan is a feasible and acceptable individualised program for acute low back pain in primary care
Authors: Ahern Malene , Dean Catherine M. , Dear Blake F. , Willcock Simon M. , Hush Julia M. 
Published: September 2022

Background Low back pain is the largest cause of years lived with a disability in Australia, and there is an urgent need for innovations to address global gaps between evidence and practice. Methods This study was a phase 1, single-group, pre–post pilot trial of My Back My Plan, a primary care program for acute low back pain. The trial was conducted at MQ Health Primary Care at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. The primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Results Fourteen participants were recruited to the study, with 79% and 93% followed up at 1 and 3 months respectively. Ten general practitioners and four physiotherapists at MQ Health Primary Care delivered the intervention. Although the rate of patient recruitment to the trial was low, other aspects of feasibility (such as intervention adherence and safety) were high. Participating clinicians reported that the program was useful for patients, and the majority stated that the program facilitated person-centred care. Patients rated My Back My Plan as highly acceptable, indicating that they had a better understanding of their low back pain, they were given personalised care and were more confident in self-managing their low back pain. At the 3 month follow-up, 85% of participants stated they were very likely to recommend the program to others. Conclusions This study suggests that the co-designed, contextually refined MBMP program for MQ Health Primary Care is acceptable to people with acute onset low back pain and warrants further evaluation.
Dynamics of cooperative transport by multiple kinesin motors and diffusing microtubule-associated proteins
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Yu-Ru , Wang Peng-Ye , Xie Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In eukaryote cells, cargos are often transported cooperatively by kinesin motors and nonmotor microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The prior in vitro experimental data showed that the velocity of the cargo transported by kinesin motors and Ndc80 (a member of MAP) proteins of truncated coiled-coil stalks decreases sensitively with the increase of the ratio of Ndc80 to motor number. However, the underlying mechanism of Ndc80 affecting sensitively the cooperative cargo transport by kinesin motors is unclear. To understand the mechanism, here we study numerically the cooperative cargo transport by kinesin motors and Ndc80 proteins. Our results showed that for the case of the motors and Ndc80 proteins with truncated short stalks, as used in the experiments, the calculated results reproduce quantitatively the prior experimental data. The mechanism of the cargo velocity decreasing sensitively with the ratio of Ndc80 to motor number is revealed. By contrast, for the case of the motors and Ndc80 proteins with full-length long stalks, the velocity of the cargo decreases slowly with the increase in the ratio of Ndc80 to kinesin number. Our results thus give an explanation of why the kinesin motors working in the cell have long stalks.
Non-disruptive error field identification based on magnetic island healing
Authors: Paz-Soldan C. , Hu Q. , Logan N.C. , Park J.-K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A technique to identify intrinsic error fields (EFs) in tokamaks with minimized risk of disruption is demonstrated on the DIII-D tokamak. The method extends the conventional driven magnetic island ‘compass scan’ approach by modifying asynchronous control waveforms to enable prompt healing of the island instability. Healing of the island is achieved by reducing the imposed non-axisymmetric coil current and raising the density (here via gas fueling). The method is also shown to support multiple island threshold measurements per pulse, thus reducing the number of dedicated pulses necessary to conduct an EF identification. Non-linear modeling with the TM1 code reproduces the experimental results and approximately recovers the critical density required for island healing. Island healing is explained in the non-linear modeling by an increase in the viscous coupling between the static island and the nearby flowing plasma, thus healing the island as it accelerates into the plasma frame. Due to both simplicity and risk minimization, this technique is suitable for plasma-based EF identification in the early commissioning stages of future disruption-averse tokamaks such as ITER and SPARC.
Effect of pedestal density on the formation of small edge localized modes
Authors: Mou M.L. , Chen S.Y. , Wang K.L. , Qin C.C. , Ma Q. , Dong L.K. , Zhu L.M. , Tang C.J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that a high separatrix density and a large ratio of separatrix density to pedestal top density are two crucial conditions for achieving high confinement operation with small edge localized modes (ELMs). In order to identify the underlying physics of this phenomenon, a series of equilibria with different separatrix and pedestal top densities are constructed, and their peeling–ballooning (P–B) instabilities are analyzed through simulation. It is found that there is a threshold value of pedestal top density which comes from competition between ion inertia and diamagnetic effect, and ELM energy loss can be minimized at the threshold value for a fixed separatrix density. When the pedestal top density is smaller than the threshold value, the ion inertial effect induced by the density profile has a significant influence on the growth of ELMs, resulting in an increased linear growth rate and more ELM energy loss by trigging low-n modes (n being the toroidal mode number) in the nonlinear phase. When the pedestal top density is larger than the threshold value, the diamagnetic effect is the main factor determining the mode spectrum, which moves to the high-n region with a larger growth rate and the nonlinear ELM energy loss increases. However, for a fixed pedestal top density, a larger separatrix density leads to a wider mode spectrum with a smaller growth rate; thus ELM energy loss is reduced. The results of this research provide a new mechanism, namely that the P–B mode is possibly transferred to a resistive ballooning mode, to interpret the experimental findings during high pedestal density operation.
Performance Evaluation of Conventional Inverters Driven PMSM Drive using Microcontroller
Authors: Shriwastava Rakesh G. , Ghuge Nilesh C. , Palande D.D. , Tidke Ashwini 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on Performance evaluation of conventional inverters driven PMSM drive using microcontroller. The purpose of this paper is to decrease the ripples in torque of Micro controllers based PMSM drive. The innovative method consists of conventional inverters, switched-mode power supply (SMPS), PMSM motor and Microcontroller. It is used to maximize fundamental component of torque also. The both the results of the suggested Micro controller are compared on the basis of torque and speed and it proves that reduces the torque ripple and improve the dynamic response of the system in comparative analysis. This paper organized introduction, mathematical model of the PMSM, proposed Microcontroller technique, hardware and simulation results and conclusion in different sections.
A novel design of hybrid EV’s based on flux additive DC–DC converter with super capacitor
Authors: Rao Gondu Vykunta , Bayya Madhuri , Aruna Bharathi M , Murali Baratam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Now-a-days hybrid electric are employed with different dc-dc converters. Here in this paper, a flux additive dc-dc converter is put forward and analysed. The collation with conventional strategies we attain an enhanced output gain. The input sources like photovoltaic and fuel cell while they both are considered for power supply as primary sources and the photovoltaics are implemented for charging the BSS. The application of photovoltaic improves the efficiency of the BSS. The photovoltaic cells voltage is used to fed the converter. The implementation of Super Capacitor improves the output gain. The proposed converter supplies the demand to load side by operating to power resources simultaneously. The power supervision is analyses and then it is employed in control methodology. A simulation model is implemented for analyzation and to prove the efficiency of proposed converter.
Sleepy Stack CSVCO with wide tuning and low power for PLL applications
Authors: Annamma Kalaka , Saxena Sobhit , Patel Govind Singh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the implementation of low power leakage technique called Sleep-Stack in a Current Starved Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) a block of Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The VCO is a electronic oscillator, whose oscillation frequency is decided by the control voltage. The major issue in the VCO is the power consumption, which has an impact on the performance of the PLL. The VCO that limits the current is preferred than the other oscillator which is called as Current Starved VCO. The work i.e. the design of Current Starved VCO is implemented using low power leakage technique called Sleepy Stack. This has been implemented in 45nm CMOS Technology with a supply voltage of 1.2 V in Cadence Software. The parameters like average power, oscillation frequency, and delay are calculated for this technique. The corner analysis has been performed for all this technique to verify the stable/linearity even in the worst case scenario. It has been observed that the sleepy stack technique with gain 23.99 GHz/V, phase noise -63.8dBc/Hz, Figure of Merit value of -142.234dBc/Hz and having frequency tuning range of 77.79%.The average power obtained for the Sleepy Stack technique is 11.88nW which is less than that of the existing CSVCO.
An Autonomous Smart Farming System for Computational Data Analytics using IoT
Authors: Rokade A I , Kadu A D , Belsare K S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For improved agricultural growth control, smart farming with precise greenhouses is essential, as is precision agriculture monitoring in a variety of situations. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new era in computer communication that is gaining pace as a result of its wide variety of project development applications. Individuals may benefit from the IoT through smart and remote ways such as smart agriculture, smart environment, smart security, and smart cities. These are the latest technologies that are making life simpler in today’s world. The IoT has significantly increased remote control and the variety of networked things or devices, which is a fascinating aspect. The hardware and internet connectivity to the real-time application make up the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things is made up of sensors, actuators, embedded systems, and a network connection. As a result, we’d want to develop an IoT application for smart farms. This paper demonstrated a remote parameter sensing system in smart greenhouse agriculture. The goal is to monitor greenhouse parameters like CO2, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light, with adjusting actions for greenhouse windows/doors based on crops. In this experimentation, Gerbera and Broccoli is considered. The primary purpose is to adjust greenhouse conditions in line with plant needs in order to increase production and provide organic farming. As a result of the findings, it appears that the greenhouse might be operated remotely for CO2, soil moisture, temperature, humidity and light, resulting in improved management. Overall implementation is remotely monitored via IoT using MQTT on Adafruit IO Cloud Platform and sensor data is analyzed for its normal and anomaly behavior.
Secure Pdf Text Steganography Turning Secrecy into Inconspicuous Encoding
Authors: Singh Niharika , Kaur Avinash 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Security has become a priority in any security system. Computer applications, Internet system applications, etc. how millions of users use the Internet. This is a research project suggests an information processing algorithm Security system using PNG (Portable Network Graphics) pictures. To our knowledge, there are very few jobs available is present in the PNG archives of steganography. A Least Significant Bit (LSB) encoded stenographic system code is slightly more advanced and is built in the Matlab programming language. The proposed system is often different from other default approaches that use the LSB input method, with the next point. This: The first point about the character set of the secret message used. It automatically detects the character set for private messages. and determine whether the text is written in Latin (only 8 bits per character) or Latin/Arabic (16 characters per character). The approach presented is implemented using special Matlab code functions and encoding algorithms. Two main algorithms for deleting encrypted messages sequentially.