bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative full-length transcriptome analysis by Oxford Nanopore Technologies reveals genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in storage roots of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Xiong Jun , Tang Xiuhua , Wei Minzheng , Yu Wenjin 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundStorage roots of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) with different colors vary in anthocyanin content, indicating different economically agronomic trait. As the newest DNA/RNA sequencing technology, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) have been applied in rapid transcriptome sequencing for investigation of genes related to nutrient metabolism. At present, few reports concern full-length transcriptome analysis based on ONT for study on the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation leading to color change of tuberous roots of sweet potato cultivars.ResultsThe storage roots of purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) and white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) at different developmental stages were subjected to anthocyanin content comparison by UV-visible spectroscopy as well as transcriptome analysis at ONT MinION platform. UV-visible spectrophotometric measurements demonstrated the anthocyanin content of PFSP was much higher than that of WFSP. ONT RNA-Seq results showed each sample generated average 2.75 GB clean data with Full-Length Percentage (FL%) over 70% and the length of N50 ranged from 1,192 to 1,395 bp, indicating reliable data for transcriptome analysis. Subsequent analysis illustrated intron retention was the most prominent splicing event present in the resulting transcripts. As compared PFSP with WFSP at the relative developmental stages with the highest (PHvs.WH) and the lowest (PLvs.WL) anthocyanin content, 282 and 216 genes were up-regulated and two and 11 genes were down-regulated respectively. The differential expression genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway includeCCoAOMT,PpLDOX,DFR, Cytochrome P450,CHI, andCHS. The genes encoding oxygenase superfamily were significantly up-regulated when compared PFSP with WFSP at the relative developmental stages.ConclusionsComparative full-length transcriptome analysis based on ONT serves as an effective approach to detect the differences in anthocyanin accumulation in the storage roots of different sweet potato cultivars at transcript level, with noting that some key genes can now be closely related to flavonoids biosynthesis. This study helps to improve understanding of molecular mechanism for anthocyanin accumulation in sweet potatoes and also provides a theoretical basis for high-quality sweet potato breeding.
Automated detection and removal of flat line segments and large amplitude fluctuations in neonatal electroencephalography
Authors: Tamburro Gabriella , Jansen Katrien , Lemmens Katrien , Dereymaeker Anneleen , Naulaers Gunnar , De Vos Maarten , Comani Silvia 
Published: July 2022

Background
Artefact removal in neonatal electroencephalography (EEG) by visual inspection generally depends on the expertise of the operator, is time consuming and is not a consistent pre-processing step to the pipeline for the automated EEG analysis. Therefore, there is the need for the automated detection and removal of artefacts in neonatal EEG, especially of distinct and predominant artefacts such as flat line segments (mainly caused by instrumental error where contact between electrodes and head box is lost) and large amplitude fluctuations (related to neonatal movements).

Method
A threshold-based algorithm for the automated detection and removal of flat line segments and large amplitude fluctuations in neonatal EEG of infants at term-equivalent age is developed. The algorithm applies thresholds to the absolute second difference, absolute amplitude, absolute first difference and the ratio between the frequency content above 50 Hz and the frequency content across all frequencies.

Results
The algorithm reaches a median accuracy of 0.91, a median hit rate of 0.91 and a median false discovery rate of 0.37. Also, a significant improvement (≈10%) in the performance of a four-stage sleep classifier is observed after artefact removal with the proposed algorithm as compared to before its application.

Significance
An automated artefact removal method contributes to the pipeline of automated EEG analysis. The proposed algorithm has shown to have good performance and to be effective in neonatal EEG applications.
Comparative Chemical Evaluation of Three Species of Melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbita moschata and Cucumeropsis mannii) Seeds
Authors: Ajibe Y. Y. , Ubana M. A. , Bamidele T. O. 
Published: July 2022

Aim: This study evaluates the nutritional composition of three species of melon seeds (Cucumeropsis mannii, Cucumis melo, and Cucurbita moschata). The seeds were obtained from Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Phytochemical constituents and proximate composition was determined by the method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists method (AOAC). Vitamins, amino acids and minerals were determined by standard methods. Oils were extracted from the samples using soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane.
Results: The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenol, alkaloids, terpenes, triterpenes, cardiac glycoside, sterols, terpenoids and tannins in the three species. The proximate composition revealed that crude fat is high in all the samples with C. moschata having the highest (41.23%) while C. mannii have the highest crude protein (26.31%). The result also reveals that all the samples have low carbohydrate (11%, 14% &13%) for C. mannii, C. melo and C. moschata respectively. The result of mineral composition reveals that potassium is high in all the samples with C. moschata having the highest (84.62 mg/100g) while Cadmium is the lowest (0.06mg/100g). The varieties also contain β-carotene, α-tocopherol and Ascorbic acid where β-carotene is the most abundant in the three varieties. The amino acid composition revealed leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, glutamic acid serine and aspartic acid to be the highest in all the samples. The percentage oil yield from the seeds were 32.90%, 31.38%, and 37.28% for C. mannii, C. melo and C. moschata respectively. The physicochemical properties of the oil obtained revealed acid value (mgKOH/g) in the range of 0.38-0.53. Saponification value (mg/KOH/g) 152.5-168.3, Iodine value (g/I2/100g) 92.7-119.5 free fatty acid (%Oleic) 2.34-3.66. Peroxide value (meqKOH/g) 4.56-6.38 and the pH in the range of 6.09-6.18 for C. mannii, C. melo and C. moschata respectively.
Conclusion: The three melon seeds species contain almost similar nutritional composition. This justified the use of the melon seeds for industrial, food, medicinal and cosmetic purposes.
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Parangipattai Rasayanam (PRM)- A Siddha Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Mahalakshmi V. , Hazel A. M. Amala , Muthukumar N. J. , Meenakumari R. 
Published: July 2022

Background: The Siddha system of medicine uses a interesting combination of herbs, minerals and metals to promote good health and longevity. Parangipattai Rasayanam is a polyherbal formulation mentioned in the Siddha literature and is indicated for Soolai (Pain), Viranam (Various ulcers), Kiranthi (Venereal diseases), Kuttam (Skin diseases), Gunmam (peptic ulcer) and Moorchai.
Aim: Evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant activity of Parangipattai Rasayanam.
Materials & Methods: The antioxidant activity of Parangipattai Rasayanam was evaluated by using various assays such as DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl 1-2 picrylhydrazyl) Assay, Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Assay, ABTS Assay, Hydrogen Peroxide Radical Scavenging Assay.
Result: Parangipattai Rasayanam has promising anti-oxidant activity in the estimated assays.
Comparison of Complication Regarding Modified Duhamel Procedure for Hirschsprung’s Disease in Male to Female Children
Authors: Shah Masoom Ali 
Published: July 2022

Aim: To compare the complications regarding modified Duhamel procedure in male to female children for Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR).
Methodology: This comparative retrospective study was done at pediatric surgery department PUMHSW Nawabshah during Jun 2019-Aug 2020. Sample size was selected as 70 patients and divided it into two groups. Group A contain 45 male children while group B also consists of 25 female children. The children between the age of 2-15 year, both sexes and confirm Hirschsprung’s disease was included in this study while the children below 2 years. The study was approved by ethical review board PUMHSW Nawabshah. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians of the participants.
Results: There were 64.28% (n=45) male and 35.72% (25) female patients (Fig 1). The mean weight of patients in male was 17.8 ± 7.6 kg while in female was 15.6±6.27 kg (Fig 2). In the distribution of patients by complications, anorectal stenosis was present in 13.33% (n=6) in male while 12% (n=3) in female children. Wound infection was present in 8.88% (n=4) in male and 8% (n=2) in female children. Intestinal obstruction was present in 11.11% (n=5) and 12% (n=3) in male and female children respectively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that modified Duhamel Procedure for Hirschsprung’s disease has less postoperative complications in both male and females moreover there is no significant difference of postoperative complications in both sexes.
Analysis of a surface imaging system using a six degree‐of‐freedom couch
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Covington Elizabeth L. , Popple Richard A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo validate surface imaging (SI)‐reported offsets using a six degree‐of‐freedom couch and an anthropomorphic phantom for commissioning and routine quality assurance of an SI system used for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).MethodsAn anthropomorphic phantom with a radiopaque ball bearing (BB) placed either anterior, midline, or posterior, was tracked with SI with a typical SRS region of interest. Couch motion in all six degrees of freedom was programmed and delivered on a linac. SI system logs were synchronized with linac trajectory logs. Ten random couch positions were selected at couch 0°, 45°, 90°, 270°, 315° with megavolt (MV) images taken to account for couch walkout. The SI residual error (ε), the difference between SI reported offset and MV or trajectory log position, was calculated. Residual errors were measured with and without one SI pod blocked.ResultsThe median [range] of magnitude of translational ε was 0.13 [0.07, 0.21], 0.16 [0.11, 0.26], 0.61 [0.50, 0.68], 0.49 [0.42, 0.55], 0.55 [0.38, 0.72] mm for couch rotations of 0°, 45°, 90°, 270°, 315°, respectively, for the midline BB and no pod blocked. The range of all translational ε from all couch angles (with and without pod block) at different BB positions is [0.05, 0.96] mm. The absolute range of difference when changing BB position when no pod is blocked in median translational ε is [0.01, 0.40] mm with the maximum at BB posterior. The absolute range of difference when not changing BB positions with and without pod block in median translational ε is [0.01, 0.37] mm with the maximum at BB posterior and couch 315°.ConclusionSI system and linac trajectory log analysis can be used to assess SI system performance with automated couch motion to validate SI accuracy.
Visualizing Dynamic Mechanical Actions with High Sensitivity and High Resolution by Near‐Distance Mechanoluminescence Imaging
Authors: Zhuang Yixi , Li Xinya , Lin Feiyan , Chen Changjian , Wu Zishuang , Luo Hongde , Jin Libo , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProportionally converting the applied mechanical energy into photons by individual mechanoluminescent (ML) micrometer‐sized particles opens a new way to develop intelligent electronic skins as it promises high‐resolution stress distribution visualization and fast response. However, a big challenge for ML sensing technology is its low sensitivity in detecting stress. In this work, a novel stress distribution sensor with the detection sensitivity enhanced by two orders of magnitude is developed by combining a proposed near‐distance ML imaging scheme with an improved mechano‐to‐photon convertor. The enhanced sensitivity is the main contributor to the realization of a maximum photon harvesting rate of ≈80% in the near‐distance ML imaging scheme. The developed near‐distance ML sensor shows a high sensitivity with a detection limit down to ≈kPa level, high spatial resolution of 254 dpi, and fast response with an interval of 3.3 ms, which allows for high‐resolution and real‐time visualization of complex mechanical actions such as irregular solid contacts or fluid impacts, and thus enables use in intelligent electronic skin, structural health monitoring, and human–computer interaction.
Bimetal Modulation Stabilizing a Metallic Heterostructure for Efficient Overall Water Splitting at Large Current Density
Authors: Wu Tong , Xu Shumao , Zhang Zhuang , Luo Mengjia , Wang Ruiqi , Tang Yufeng , Wang Jiacheng , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLarge current‐driven alkaline water splitting for large‐scale hydrogen production generally suffers from the sluggish charge transfer kinetics. Commercial noble‐metal catalysts are unstable in large‐current operation, while most non‐noble metal catalysts can only achieve high activity at low current densities <200 mA cm−2, far lower than industrially‐required current densities (>500 mA cm−2). Herein, a sulfide‐based metallic heterostructure is designed to meet the industrial demand by regulating the electronic structure of phase transition coupling with interfacial defects from Mo and Ni incorporation. The modulation of metallic Mo2S3 and in situ epitaxial growth of bifunctional Ni‐based catalyst to construct metallic heterostructure can facilitate the charge transfer for fast Volmer H and Heyrovsky H2 generation. The Mo2S3@NiMo3S4 electrolyzer requires an ultralow voltage of 1.672 V at a large current density of 1000 mA cm−2, with ≈100% retention over 100 h, outperforming the commercial RuO2||Pt/C, owing to the synergistic effect of the phase and interface electronic modulation. This work sheds light on the design of metallic heterostructure with an optimized interfacial electronic structure and abundant active sites for industrial water splitting.
Visible‐light‐promoted Cascade Reaction of Acryloylbenzamides with Carboxylic Acids: Metal‐free Synthesis of Isoquinolinediones
Authors: Cai Xingxing , Fu Jiahui , Gu Li , Cheng Dongping , Wang Hong , Xu Xiaoliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA metal‐free and mild cascade reaction of acryloylbenzamides with carboxylic acids and α‐imino oxy acid is developed. It undergoes decarboxylation, radical addition, and intramolecular cyclization in the presence of visible light, providing 4‐substituted‐isoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐diones in moderate to good yields.
Correspondence on “How Aromatic Are Molecular Nanorings? The Case of a Six‐Porphyrin Nanoring”**
Authors: Deng Jie‐Ren , Bradley David , Jirásek Michael , Anderson Harry L. , Peeks Martin D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA recent Research Article in this journal by Matito and co‐workers claimed that none of the oxidation states of a butadiyne‐linked six‐porphyrin nanoring exhibit global aromaticity or antiaromaticity. Here we show that this conclusion is incorrect. Experimental data from NMR spectroscopy for a whole family of nanorings provide strong evidence for global ring currents. The NMR data reveal these ring currents directly, without needing analysis by density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, DFT calculations reproduce the experimental results when a suitable functional is used.
Functional Droplets Stabilized by Interfacially Self‐Assembled Chiral Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Fenghua , Zhang Zongze , Liu Rongjuan , Wei Jingjing , Yang Zhijie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere, we show that aqueous dispersions of inorganic nanoparticles bearing negative surface charges would trigger the chiral assembly of organic radical cations solubilized in organic solvent at the liquid–liquid interface, which consequently produces stable droplets covered by a layer of inorganic/organic chiral nanocomposites. We demonstrate that chirality transfer across the liquid–liquid interface from the chiral organic monomers to the nanoparticle assemblies is realized. Surprisingly, opposite handedness between molecular assemblies and nanoparticle assemblies is determined from both CD and CPL measurements. Moreover, the functionalities of these “chiral” droplets could be further engineered through either a simple mixing or a droplet merging strategy, which enables to produce fluorescent emissive‐tunable, magnetic, as well as magnetofluorescent dual‐functional droplets.
Die höchste Oxidationsstufe von Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+
Authors: da Silva Santos Mayara , Stüker Tony , Flach Max , Ablyasova Olesya S. , Timm Martin , von Issendorff Bernd , Hirsch Konstantin , Zamudio‐Bayer Vicente , Riedel Sebastian , Lau J. Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObwohl selten, sind die höchsten Oxidationsstufen im Periodensystem nicht nur von grundlegendem Interesse, sondern auch als starke Oxidationsmittel relevant. Die höchsten Oxidationsstufen finden sich für die elektronenreichen späten Übergangsmetalle der Gruppen 7–9 des Periodensystems. Rhodium ist das erste Element aus der Reihe der 4d Übergangsmetalle, für das die höchste bekannte Oxidationsstufe nicht mehr mit seiner Gruppennummer von 9 übereinstimmt, sondern nur den deutlich niedrigeren Wert von +6 annimmt, und auch dies nur in Ausnahmefällen. Höhere Oxidationsstufen des Rhodiums blieben bisher verborgen. Mittels Kombination von massenspektrometrischen, röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopischen und quantenchemischen Untersuchungen von Gasphasenionen der Art
, (n=1–4), identifizieren wir
als
Trioxidorhodium(VII)‐Kation, welches das erste Beispiel von Rhodium in seiner höchsten Oxidationstufe +7, und gleichzeitig in der dritthöchsten experimentell bestätigten Oxidationsstufe des Periodensystems, darstellt.
The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+
Authors: da Silva Santos Mayara , Stüker Tony , Flach Max , Ablyasova Olesya S. , Timm Martin , von Issendorff Bernd , Hirsch Konstantin , Zamudio‐Bayer Vicente , Riedel Sebastian , Lau J. Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough the highest possible oxidation states of all transition elements are rare, they are not only of fundamental interest but also relevant as potentially strong oxidizing agents. In general, the highest oxidation states are found in the electron‐rich late transition elements of groups 7–9 of the periodic table. Rhodium is the first element of the 4d transition metal series for which the highest known oxidation state does not equal its group number of 9, but reaches only a significantly lower value of +6 in exceptional cases. Higher oxidation states of rhodium have remained elusive so far. In a combined mass spectrometry, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical study of gas‐phase
(n=1–4), we identify
as the
trioxidorhodium(VII) cation, the first chemical species to contain rhodium in the +7 oxidation state, which is the third‐highest oxidation state experimentally verified among all elements in the periodic table.
Smartphone‐Assisted Patient‐Initiated Care Versus Usual Care in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Low Disease Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Seppen Bart , Wiegel Jimmy , ter Wee Marieke M. , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan , Roorda Leo D. , Nurmohamed Michael T. , Boers Maarten , Bos Wouter H. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveWe developed a smartphone application for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that allows them to self‐monitor their disease activity in between clinic visits by answering a weekly Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3. This study was undertaken to assess the safety (noninferiority in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate [DAS28‐ESR]) and efficacy (reduction in number of visits) of patient‐initiated care assisted using a smartphone app, compared to usual care.MethodsA 12‐month, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial was conducted in RA patients with low disease activity and without treatment changes in the past 6 months. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either app‐supported patient‐initiated care with a scheduled follow‐up consultation after a year (app intervention group) or usual care. The coprimary outcome measures were noninferiority in terms of change in DAS28‐ESR score after 12 months and the ratio of the mean number of consultations with rheumatologists between the groups. The noninferiority limit was 0.5 difference in DAS28‐ESR between the groups.ResultsOf the 103 randomized patients, 102 completed the study. After a year, noninferiority in terms of the DAS28‐ESR score was established, as the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the mean ΔDAS28‐ESR between the groups was within the noninferiority limit: −0.04 in favor of the app intervention group (95% CI −0.39, 0.30). The number of rheumatologist consultations was significantly lower in the app intervention group compared to the usual care group (mean ± SD 1.7 ± 1.8 versus 2.8 ± 1.4; visit ratio 0.62 [95% CI 0.47, 0.81]).ConclusionPatient‐initiated care supported by smartphone self‐monitoring was noninferior to usual care in terms of the ΔDAS28‐ESR and led to a 38% reduction in rheumatologist consultations in RA patients with stable low disease activity.
Influence of mercury amalgamation on three‐dimensional orientation of single gold nanorods coated with mesoporous silica shell
Authors: Kim Geun Wan , Ha Ji Won 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, we performed single‐particle studies to reveal three‐dimensional spatial orientational changes in the AuNR cores coated with mesoporous silica shell (AuNRs@mSiO2) following mercury (Hg) amalgamation. Defocused orientation imaging technique was used to determine the tilting angle of single AuNR cores after Au–Hg amalgam formation. Single amalgamated AuNR cores inside the silica shell were randomly tilted between 0° and 20° with respect to the glass slide on which they were deposited; no orientational changes were observed for AuNRs@mSiO2 following Hg amalgamation. This study will help in better understanding the effect of silica shell on the morphological and orientation alterations of single AuNRs@mSiO2 induced by Hg amalgamation.
Chloramine Trihydrate‐Mediated Tandem Synthesis of New Pyrrole and/or Arene‐Linked Mono‐ and Bis(1,3,4‐Oxadiazole) Hybrids as Potential Bacterial Biofilm and MRSA Inhibitors
Authors: Mekky Ahmed E. M. , El‐Idreesy Tamer T. , Sanad Sherif M. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA two‐step tandem protocol was used to prepare new pyrrole and/or arene‐linked bis(1,3,4‐oxadiazoles) as well as their mono‐analogs. The appropriate aldehydes and benzohydrazides were first condensed in ethanol at 80 °C to yield the corresponding N‐benzoylhydrazones. Without isolation, the previous intermediates were subjected to a chloramine trihydrate‐mediated oxidative cyclization in DMSO at 180 °C to yield the target molecules. The antibacterial potency of the (pyrrole‐arene)‐linked hybrids exceeded the arene‐linked hybrids, and the bis(1,3,4‐oxadiazoles) exceeded their mono‐analogs against six different ATCC strains. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of bis(1,3,4‐oxadiazoles) 11c, and 11f, which are linked to pyrrole, and (p‐tolylthio)methyl units, was highest against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa strains. Their MIC ranged between 3.8 and 3.9 μM, while their MBC values ranged between 7.7 and 15.8 μM. Additionally, they showed promising bacterial biofilm inhibitory activity against the same strains tested, with IC50 values ranging from 4.7 to 5.3 μM. They were also effective against MRSA ATCC : 33591, and ATCC : 43300 strains, with MIC, and MBC values ranging from 3.8–7.9 and 7.7–15.8 μM, respectively. When tested against the MCF‐10A cell lines, hybrids 11c, and 11f are cytotoxic at concEntrations that are more than 6 and 13‐fold higher than their MIC values against the S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa strains, respectively. This lends support to both hybrids′ potential as safe antibacterial agents.