bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It’s a Journey That Only God Knows: Understanding Irregular Migration in Senegal Through a Religious Lens
Authors: Deshingkar Priya , Gueye Doudou Dièye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe authors use the lens of religion to understand how migrants from Senegal embarking on high-risk journeys across the Sahara and the Atlantic conceptualise migration, cope with hardship and give meaning to their experiences. The paper aims to provide insights into religious belief systems and their intersection with the process of irregular migration and human smuggling from the impoverished Kolda region of Senegal. The research adds to the scant literature on how migrants draw on their spiritual beliefs in preparing for and enduring harrowing journeys with a high risk of harm and death. Migrants are aware of the risks as they receive information in real time from other migrants and also because many are returne migrants or deportees. But the risks do not deter them as they seek to fulfil their role as good family providers and heed the guidance of Marabout Islamic teachers rather than information campaigns to prevent irregular migration. The study also sheds light on hitherto under-recognised gendered aspects of the infrastructure of migration facilitation in Kolda: while migration is male dominated, women play a critical role in mobilising religious and financial support. The authors conclude that there is a mismatch between the way that migrants take decisions to migrate and the understanding of external agencies that continue efforts to dissuade them through risk information campaigns.
Strategic Leadership from the Social Network Perspective
Authors: Tipurić Darko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains social networks as an important construct when it comes to strategic leadership. The importance of understanding interactions between strategic leaders, organisational members and other important factors encourages the development of discourse that departs from a static, one-dimensional perspective of leadership. There is a myriad of all kinds of forms of social networks that differ by their main characteristics and levels of structural and relational network embeddedness. It is particularly important to understand the concepts of weak and strong ties in a social network and this chapter provides detailed overview of this important constructs. In addition, this chapter explains the structural hole theory and network-based perspective of strategic leadership, concepts relevant for strategic leadership. Strategic leaders need to get involved in important social networks and delve into their essence in order to better influence others and achieve their intentions and goals. If they are well-connected, they are more likely to have greater power in the network. Good position in the network can guarantee that they will need to invest less effort in getting people on board with the direction and patterns of action that they advocate.
First and second critical exponents for an inhomogeneous Schrödinger equation with combined nonlinearities
Authors: Alotaibi Munirah , Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem , Vetro Calogero 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the large-time behavior of solutions for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation $$\begin{aligned} iu_t+\Delta u=\lambda |u|^p+\mu |\nabla u|^q+w(x),\quad t>0,\, x\in {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{aligned}$$

i

u
t

+
Δ
u
=

λ
|
u
|

p

+
μ

|
∇
u
|

q

+
w

(
x
)

,

t
>
0
,

x
∈

R

N

,

where $$N\ge 1$$

N
≥
1

, $$p,q>1$$

p
,
q
>
1

, $$\lambda ,\mu \in {\mathbb {C}}$$

λ
,
μ
∈
C

, $$\lambda \ne 0$$

λ
≠
0

, and $$u(0,\cdot ), w\in L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}({\mathbb {R}}^N,{\mathbb {C}})$$

u

(
0
,
·
)

,
w
∈

L
loc
1

(

R

N

,
C
)

. We consider both the cases where $$\mu =0$$

μ
=
0

and $$\mu \ne 0$$

μ
≠
0

, respectively. We establish existence/nonexistence of global weak solutions. In each studied case, we compute the critical exponents in the sense of Fujita, and Lee and Ni. When $$\mu \ne 0$$

μ
≠
0

, we show that the nonlinearity $$|\nabla u|^q$$

|
∇
u
|

q

induces an interesting phenomenon of discontinuity of the Fujita critical exponent.
ConsInstancy: learning instance representations for semi-supervised panoptic segmentation of concrete aggregate particles
Authors: Coenen Max , Schack Tobias , Beyer Dries , Heipke Christian , Haist Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a semi-supervised method for panoptic segmentation based on ConsInstancy regularisation, a novel strategy for semi-supervised learning. It leverages completely unlabelled data by enforcing consistency between predicted instance representations and semantic segmentations during training in order to improve the segmentation performance. To this end, we also propose new types of instance representations that can be predicted by one simple forward path through a fully convolutional network (FCN), delivering a convenient and simple-to-train framework for panoptic segmentation. More specifically, we propose the prediction of a three-dimensional instance orientation map as intermediate representation and two complementary distance transform maps as final representation, providing unique instance representations for a panoptic segmentation. We test our method on two challenging data sets of both, hardened and fresh concrete, the latter being proposed by the authors in this paper demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach, outperforming the results achieved by state-of-the-art methods for semi-supervised segmentation. In particular, we are able to show that by leveraging completely unlabelled data in our semi-supervised approach the achieved overall accuracy (OA) is increased by up to 5% compared to an entirely supervised training using only labelled data. Furthermore, we exceed the OA achieved by state-of-the-art semi-supervised methods by up to 1.5%.
Perspectives from the tech industry: designer Geof Stead on Iteration as a built-in goal of mobile app design
Authors: Stead Geoff , Foster Clare 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA symposium was held at the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities (CRASSH) at the University of Cambridge on June 12th 2019, ‘Rethinking Repetition in a Digital Age’, at which Geoff Stead, a leading mobile tech designer, was a keynote speaker (https://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/events/28053). The focus of the Cambridge UK event was on how the potentials of digital technologies—whose harms have received widespread attention—could be redirected for the social good. For Stead, this is precisely what Babbel are doing in their approach to commercial digital language learning. Stead spoke to the idea of reversing our personal relationships to mechanical affordances, and finding empowerment in understanding their designed logics. The transcript of the interview below, made in October 2021, revisits some of the main points he raised at that event.
Endocannabinoid and steroid analysis in infant and adult nails by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Restin Tanja , Byland Nastassja , Voegel Clarissa D. , La Marca-Ghaemmaghami Pearl , Baumgartner Markus R. , Bassler Dirk , Kraemer Thomas , Binz Tina M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA common method to quantify chronic stress is the analysis of stress markers in keratinized matrices such as hair or nail. In this study, we aimed to validate a sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the combined quantification of steroid hormones and endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the keratinized matrix nail. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the suitability of the nail matrix for the detection of these stress markers in a pilot study. An LC–MS/MS method was used for the simultaneous identification and quantification of four eCBs (2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)) and five steroid hormones (cortisol, cortisone, androstenedione, progesterone, testosterone) in human nails using a surrogate analyte method for each analyte. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, response factor, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, robustness, and autosampler stability. Nail samples were extracted for 1 h with methanol following a clean-up with a fully automated supported liquid extraction (SLE). The influence of nail weight on the quantification was investigated by using 0.5–20 mg of nail sample. As a proof of concept, nail samples (N = 57) were analyzed from a cohort representing newborns (1 month old), children (between 1 and 10 years), and adults (up to 43 years). It could be shown that the established workflow using a 1 hour extraction and clean-up by SLE was very robust and resulted in a short sample preparation time. The LC–MS/MS method was successfully validated. Matrix effects with ion enhancement occurred mainly for 2-AG. Sample weights below 5 mg showed variations in quantification for some analytes. Certain analytes such as PEA and progesterone could be accurately quantified at a sample weight lower than 5 mg. This is the first study where steroids and eCBs could be simultaneously detected and quantified in infant and adult nails. These results show that nails may serve as an alternative keratinized matrix (compared to hair) for the retrospective monitoring of cumulative eCB and steroid hormone levels. The combined assessment of eCBs and steroids from nails could provide a new approach to gain new insights into stress exposure in newborns and adults.
Graphical abstract
Equation Satisfiability in Solvable Groups
Authors: Idziak Paweł , Kawałek Piotr , Krzaczkowski Jacek , Weiß Armin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study of the complexity of the equation satisfiability problem in finite groups had been initiated by Goldmann and Russell in (Inf. Comput. 178(1), 253–262, 2002) where they showed that this problem is in for nilpotent groups while it is -complete for non-solvable groups. Since then, several results have appeared showing that the problem can be solved in polynomial time in certain solvable groups G having a nilpotent normal subgroup H with nilpotent factor G/H. This paper shows that such a normal subgroup must exist in each finite group with equation satisfiability solvable in polynomial time, unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis fails.
Optical molecular imaging and theranostics in neurological diseases based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
Authors: Cen Peili , Zhou Youyou , Cui Chunyi , Wei Yen , Cheng Zhen , Wu Shuizhu , Zhang Hong , Tian Mei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptical molecular imaging and image-guided theranostics benefit from special and specific imaging agents, for which aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been regarded as good candidates in many biomedical applications. They display a large Stokes shift, high quantum yield, good biocompatibility, and resistance to photobleaching. Neurological diseases are becoming a substantial burden on individuals and society that affect over 50 million people worldwide. It is urgently needed to explore in more detail the brain structure and function, learn more about pathological processes of neurological diseases, and develop more efficient approaches for theranostics. Many AIEgens have been successfully designed, synthesized, and further applied for molecular imaging and image-guided theranostics in neurological diseases such as cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and brain tumor, which help us understand more about the pathophysiological state of brain through noninvasive optical imaging approaches. Herein, we focus on representative AIEgens investigated on brain vasculature imaging and theranostics in neurological diseases including cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and brain tumor. Considering different imaging modalities and various therapeutic functions, AIEgens have great potential to broaden neurological research and meet urgent needs in clinical practice. It will be inspiring to develop more practical and versatile AIEgens as molecular imaging agents for preclinical and clinical use on neurological diseases.
Current Status and Outcomes of Critical Traumatic Brain Injury (GCS = 3–5) in a Developing Country: A Retrospective, Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Borazjani Roham , Ajdari Mohammad Reza , Niakan Amin , Yousefi Omid , Amoozandeh Arsham , Sayadi Mehrab , Khalili Hosseinali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients sustaining critical TBI [initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 5] generally have poor outcomes. Little is known about the frequency, mortality rate, and functional outcomes of such patients in Iran.MethodsIn this retrospective, registry‐based cohort study, the demographic and clinicoradiological findings of TBI patients were queried from March 21, 2017, to March 21, 2020. We included TBI patients with initial GCS of 3–5. The functional outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score‐extended 6 (GOSE‐6) months after the hospital discharge. Patients were classified as having unfavorable (GOSE‐6 ≤ 4) and favorable (GOSE‐6 > 4) outcomes. Gathered data were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to find factors affecting the outcome.ResultsFour hundred ninety‐seven patients (mean age = 37.59 ± 17.89) were enrolled, and 69.2% had unfavorable outcomes. Elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) were highly overrepresented among the unfavorable group. 48.9% had bilateral fixed dilated pupils (BDFP), who mostly attained unfavorable outcomes. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 50.3%. The in‐hospital mortality rate was appalling among elderly patients with BFDP and GCS 3(90%) and GCS 4(100%). Age ≥ 65 years [odds ratio (OR) 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–10.04], and BFDP (OR 4.48, 95% CI 2.60–7.73) increase the odds of unfavorable outcomes according to the regression analysis.ConclusionThe survival rate and favorable outcomes of critical TBI patients are generally poor. However, we believe that the neurotrauma surgeons should discuss with patients' proxies and explain the clinical conditions and possible outcomes.
Gut instincts in neuroimmunity from the eighteenth to twenty-first centuries
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Palm Noah W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the past two decades, work on the microbiota-gut-brain axis has led to a renewed appreciation for the interconnectedness between body systems in both clinical and scientific circles. In the USA alone, millions of adults are burdened with non-communicable chronic diseases whose putative etiologies were previously thought to be restricted to either the gut or brain, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder. However, the recent explosion of research into the impacts of the gut microbiome on diverse aspects of human health has revealed the potentially critical importance of reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiota, the immune system, and the brain in diverse diseases and disorders. In this review, we revisit the history of gut-brain interactions in science and medicine, which dates back to at least the eighteenth century, and outline how concepts in this field have shifted and evolved across eras. Next, we highlight the modern resurgence of gut-brain axis research, focusing on neuro-immune-microbiota interactions and recent progress towards a mechanistic understanding of the diverse impacts of the microbiome on human health. Finally, we offer a forward-looking perspective on the future of microbiota-gut-brain research, which may eventually reveal new paths towards the treatment of diverse diseases influenced by the complex connections between the microbiota and the brain.
F-actin bending facilitates net actomyosin contraction By inhibiting expansion with plus-end-located myosin motors
Authors: Tam Alexander K. Y. , Mogilner Alex , Oelz Dietmar B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContraction of actomyosin networks underpins important cellular processes including motility and division. The mechanical origin of actomyosin contraction is not fully-understood. We investigate whether contraction arises on the scale of individual filaments, without needing to invoke network-scale interactions. We derive discrete force-balance and continuum partial differential equations for two symmetric, semi-flexible actin filaments with an attached myosin motor. Assuming the system exists within a homogeneous background material, our method enables computation of the stress tensor, providing a measure of contractility. After deriving the model, we use a combination of asymptotic analysis and numerical solutions to show how F-actin bending facilitates contraction on the scale of two filaments. Rigid filaments exhibit polarity-reversal symmetry as the motor travels from the minus to plus-ends, such that contractile and expansive components cancel. Filament bending induces a geometric asymmetry that brings the filaments closer to parallel as a myosin motor approaches their plus-ends, decreasing the effective spring force opposing motor motion. The reduced spring force enables the motor to move faster close to filament plus-ends, which reduces expansive stress and gives rise to net contraction. Bending-induced geometric asymmetry provides both new understanding of actomyosin contraction mechanics, and a hypothesis that can be tested in experiments.
SafeMove: monitoring seniors with mild cognitive impairments using deep learning and location prediction
Authors: Al-Molegi Abdulrahman , Martínez-Ballesté Antoni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to society aging, age-related issues such as mild cognitive impairments (MCI) and dementia are attracting the attention of health professionals, scientists and governments. Seniors suffering from such impairments notice a slight deterioration in their cognitive abilities, which may lead to memory loss and behavioural disorders. In consequence, such seniors refrain from doing their everyday outdoor activities. Technology, e.g. smartphones, wearables and artificial intelligence, can provide seniors and their relatives with a variety of monitoring tools. In a nutshell, locations are analysed and, under specific situations, alarms are raised so that caregivers urgently informed. In this context, the discovery and prediction of trajectories and behaviours play a key role in deploying effective monitoring solutions. In this paper, we present a real-time smartphone-based monitoring system, called SafeMove, to discover and predict elderly people behaviours by analyzing outdoor trajectories. This is achieved by firstly analysing the elder’s mobility data previously collected using the proposed model called SpaceTime-Convolutional Neural Network (ST-CNN) in order to predict the most popular locations he/she might visit in the next time. Based on the predicted locations, the elder can be monitored in bounded region. Time and space-related variables, such as the distance traversed, the direction of the movements and the time spent, are analyzed in our abnormal behaviour detection (ABD) model that takes advantage of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The effectiveness and the efficiency of our system for predicting the next location and detection the abnormal behaviors are evaluated using different datasets comprising real-world GPS trajectories.
The surgical outcomes of fixing ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures: single versus double implants fixation
Authors: Alborno Yahya , Abunimer Abdullah , Abuodeh Yousef , Salameh Motasem , Kayali Hammam , Ahmed Ghalib 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Combined ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures are rare and present a challenging management dilemma. This study aims to assess the outcome of concomitant fixation of the ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture using single versus dual surgical implants.

Methods
A single-center retrospective analysis of patients who underwent fixation of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures was performed over a 13-year period. Different techniques were employed to fix the complex injury. Both the reduction and the union time were assessed radiographically.

Results
A total of 36 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures were retrospectively identified and included in the study. Twenty-four patients (66.6%) were managed with a single cephalomedullary nail, while the remaining cases were treated with two devices. All cases were operated on within an average of 3.7 ± 7.1 days. Eight patients (22.2%) developed postoperative complications. The average follow-up period was 7.3 ± 6.8 months. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, the femoral neck fractures showed shorter union time in patients treated with one implant compared to patients treated with two implants (3.0 ± 2.3 months vs. 4.2 ± 2.6 months). Another observation was that higher percentages of implant removal/failure and malunion/nonunion were seen in patients who had one implant compared to the two implants group (12.5% vs. 8.3%).

Conclusion
Early surgical fixation of both fractures is associated with good outcome results. No difference in outcome was observed between both groups.
Groundwater-level recovery following closure of open-pit mines
Authors: Bozan Caglar , Wallis Ilka , Cook Peter G. , Dogramaci Shawan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOpen-pit mining has increased substantially over the past two decades. Many currently operating open-pit mines are facing the end of mine-life over the next few decades and, increasingly, focus is shifting towards mine-closure planning that provides evidence on available closure options under the given geological, hydro(geo)logical and climatic conditions. This study uses synthetic groundwater modelling to build basic process understanding of closure options and how these will determine the formation of pit lakes. This governs the long-term pit lake water quality and how postmining landscapes may be utilised. Simulations show that the recovery time of postmining groundwater levels increases with decreasing aquifer transmissivity. Final postmining water tables are predominantly controlled by the implemented mine closure options and climatic conditions. The most important decision is, thereby, whether to backfill the pit to above the water table or allow a pit lake to develop. Under moderately transmissive aquifer settings, backfilling of pits leads to rapidly rising groundwater levels within the first decade after mining, with water-table recoveries of above 70%. If mine voids remain unfilled, evaporation from the pit lake surface becomes a governing factor in determining whether the unfilled mine pit becomes a terminal sink for groundwater. Lake levels may remain subdued by several 10s of metres in arid to semiarid climates. If surplus surface water can be diverted into open pits, rapid filling can accelerate groundwater recovery of open pits in regions of low permeability. This is a less successful management option in transmissive aquifers.