bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) in Project Management
Authors: Kumar B. Siva 
Published: August 2022

A project has many moving parts and it is critical that you measure the timeliness, budget, Quality and effectiveness of the Project along the way. There is need to execute these projects effectively with a limited budget. There are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) i.e Planned Value, Actual Cost, Earned Value, Cost variance, Scheduled variance, Scheduled Performance Index, Cost Performance Index, Return on Investment. Every Project Manager can't afford to miss. To frame actionable project Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that help to improve your team's performance. The following list of frequently used project KPIs and think how you could apply these metrics to track your own team's performance.
Ethical Challenges in International Business
Authors: Ejikeme Osita , Ebubechukwu Uzoma 
Published: August 2022

In recent times, management has gained great importance in societies. As businesses become increasingly global where companies enter international markets with varied cultures and traditions, ethical consideration becomes difficult to control. One noteworthy reason of an organisation's decision to go internationally is to maximise their goals and objectives. Ethics is an everyday occurrence in the corporate world as it is with individuals. With increasing globalisation, businesses are competing to acquire more. Inthe process to acquire more they do things contrary to the acceptable norms of the society. This paper seeks to examine the ethical challenges in global business management and identify the ethical influence of globalisation on international functional areas. The action of a business inregards of being ethical or unethical are determined by three models; utilitarian model (produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people), right model (maintains and protects the fundamental rights and privileges of the people) and justice model (administering fair and equitable decisions among stakeholders). The study is descriptive and data was collected through secondary sources. Major ethical challenges faced in global business management are: employment practices, time management, corruption, moral obligations, business meetings and dressing, human rights, and environmental regulations. To be ethically correct is not a simple task for global management as a result of diversity in cultural values. Global businesses are to enact, embrace and support values that include human rights, labour standards, the environment, and anti-corruption.
Recovery of Non-performing assets- A challenge for Indian Financial Institutions
Authors: Khanum Rina , Sumathi.K Sumathi.K 
Published: August 2022

The financial institutions or the banks involve in the lending activities with the aim of generating some returns instead that the banks need to wait for many a time to get interest payment by the borrowers, because the borrowers were not running with the good. This leads to banks have a positive growth of the NPAs and negative growth of the profit since the NPAs ultimately affect the profit. These NPAs will not only affect the profit but also give birth to so many problems, such as problem in liquidity, loss of shareholders interest, capital in adequacy, insolvency, etc., there should be a strict requirement of strict action to be taking on control and recovery of the NPAs. An attempt was made to understand the reasons contributed for the NPAs and impact of NPAs on the banks as well as on the market, and also to give possible suggestions for the recovery of NPAs. For the purpose of the study secondary data was collected from the SBI and Canara Bank website about the statistics of the NPAs and also referred articles and journal. The findings of the study reveals that improper recovery channels and the unpredictable market trends make the borrowers not to make the settlement, for that it is suggested that to formulate the effective strategies so that the smooth recovery can be done, and also recommended to use the following suggestions which are listed below for the betterment of the banks in recovery of NPAs.
A mixed-methods study on evaluating an updated, francophone version of ETAT+ training in Madagascar
Authors: Galatsch M , Lang H-J , Noa C , Raveloharimino H , Robinson A , Rabesandratana N , Magera L I , Weigel R , Köcher-Andrianarimanana D 
Published: August 2022

Background. Madagascar needs major efforts to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals, despite the considerable reduction of child mortality during past years. In this context, implementation of emergency triage assessment and treatment (ETAT) plays an important role. In recent years, ETAT training activities rarely took place in Madagascar. To strengthen ETAT in Madagascar, a pilot training course was conducted in December 2019 at the University Hospital Mahajanga.
Objective. This study aims to evaluate if the ETAT+ pilot training content matches clinical needs in Madagascar and whether participants achieved their learning objectives.Methods. In this cross-sectional mixed-methods study, a 41-item questionnaire was used at the end of the ETAT+ training to evaluate their learning experience from the 12 participants (paediatricians, physicians, nurses and midwives). Six weeks after the training, guided interviews were conducted among five participants to describe how training content could be transferred into clinical practice in five health facilities.
Results. Results suggest that this pilot project designed to contribute to the re-establishment of ETAT in Madagascar meets participants’ needs and is adapted to clinical realities in terms of transmitted knowledge, skills and competencies. However, results also show that considerable multi- disciplinary efforts are needed to advance ETAT+ implementation in Madagascar.Conclusions. Implementation processes of ETAT training programmes need re-evaluation to assure their validity to contribute to quality of care improvements efficiently. Further operational research is required to evaluate sustainable, innovative implementation strategies adapted to contexts in Madagascar.
Iatrogenic blood loss in critical care: A prospective observational study conducted at Universitas Academic Hospital in the Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: Adams J C , Barrett C , Spruyt M 
Published: August 2022

Background. Prevention of iatrogenic blood loss is an essential component of patient blood management (PBM) in intensive care units (ICUs). The amount of iatrogenic blood loss from diagnostic phlebotomy in the ICUs at Universitas Academic Hospital, Free State Province, South Africa, is unknown.Objective. To quantify diagnostic phlebotomy volumes, and volumes submitted in excess for diagnostic testing in the ICU.
Methods. We conducted a prospective descriptive observational study on adults who were admitted to ICUs at a single centre over a period of 14 days. The weight of each filled phlebotomy tube was calculated using the specific gravity of blood and averages of empty phlebotomy tubes, establishing the total volume.Results. Data from 59 participants with a median length of stay at the ICU of 3 days were analysed. The median phlebotomy volume was 7.0 mL day and 13.6 mL/ICU admission. The volume of blood required for analysis daily and ICU admission was 0.7 mL and 2.2 mL, respectively. The median phlebotomy volume in excess of the amount required for analysis daily and ICU admission was 5.05 mL and 12.11 mL, respectively.
Conclusion. While the median excess daily phlebotomy volume in this present study may seem insignificant and underestimating the true excess of phlebotomy volume, interventions to reduce phlebotomy volumes and development of a PBM guideline for appropriate phlebotomy volumes and preventing wastage of patients’ blood in the ICU is required.
THE ROLES AND POLICIES FOR THE USE OF TELEMEDICINE IN HANDLING COVID-19 SELF-ISOLATION: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Yonathan Rafika Stany , Nadjib Mardiati 
Published: August 2022

The current COVID-19 pandemic has had various impacts on the world. The unpredictable spike in cases led to an explosion in patient numbers. The problem of limited treatment facilities forces patients to self-isolate at home. Along with technological advances, various facilities have also been created, one of which is telemedicine. This study aims to look at the role of telemedicine as a strategy for handling COVID-19 self-isolated patients in various countries. This study was conducted descriptively with a literature review. The search was carried out on articles published in Indonesian and English through Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct searches with the keywords COVID-19, home isolation, self-isolation, telemedicine, and telehealth. The search results obtained that the handling of COVID-19 patients in self-isolation with telemedicine is a solution to the need for monitoring patient health, where hospitals have difficulty being able to serve all patients who need hospitalization. It can be concluded that COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease, clinical symptoms and emergencies of each patient can certainly be different and difficult to predict. Telemedicine as a remote health service can be a means to facilitate clinical monitoring of patients during self-isolation. The implementation of telemedicine ensures the continuity of health services quite effectively and efficiently, the way telemedicine works helps protect patients and health workers from exposure to infection and reduces the burden on hospitals, so it is quite appropriate to be used as a strategy in handling if there is a spike in COVID-19 cases in the future or application to other similar circumstances.
Full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing reveals the variation of epibiotic microbiota associated with two shrimp species of Alvinocarididae: possibly co-determined by environmental heterogeneity and specific recognition of hosts
Authors: Hui Min , Wang Aiyang , Cheng Jiao , Sha Zhongli 
Published: August 2022

Shrimps of the family Alvinocarididae, endemic species to deep sea chemosynthetic ecosystems, harbor epibiotic microbes on gills which probably play important roles in the survival of the shrimps. Among them, Alvinocaris longirostris and Shinkaicaris leurokolos occupy different ecological niches within the same hydrothermal vent in Okinawa Trough, and A. longirostris also exists in a methane seep of the South China Sea. In this study, full-length 16S rRNA sequences of the gill associated bacteria of two alvinocaridid species from different chemosynthetically ecological niches were first captured by single-molecule real-time sequencing. Totally, 120,792 optimized circular consensus sequences with ∼1,450 bp in length were obtained and clustered into 578 operational taxonomic units. Alpha diversity analysis showed seep A. longirostris had the highest species richness and evenness (average Chao1 = 213.68, Shannon = 3.39). Beta diversity analysis revealed that all samples were clearly divided into three groups, and microbial community of A. longirostris from seep and vent were more related than the other comparisons. By permutational multivariate analysis of variance, the most significant community compositional variance was detected between seep A. longirostris and vent S. leurokolos (R2 = 0.731, P = 0.001). The taxon tags were further classified into 21 phyla, 40 classes, 89 orders, 124 families and 135 genera. Overall, the microbial communities were dominated by Campylobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Verrucomicrobiae, Bacilli and other minor groups were also detected at lower abundance. Taxonomic groups recovered from the vent S. leurokolos samples were only dominated by Sulfurovaceae (94.06%). In comparison, gill-associated microbiota of vent A. longirostris consisted of more diverse sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, including Sulfurovaceae (69.21%), Thiotrichaceae (6.77%) and a putative novel Gammaproteobacteria group (14.37%), while in seep A. longirostris, Gammaproteobacteria un-group (44.01%) constituted the major component, following the methane-oxidizing bacteria Methylomonadaceae (19.38%), and Sulfurovaceae (18.66%). Therefore, the gill associated bacteria composition and abundance of alvinocaridid shrimps are closely related to the habitat heterogeneity and the selection of microbiota by the host. However, the interaction between these alvinocaridid shrimps and the epibiotic communities requires further study based on metagenome sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Development of a COVID-19 risk assessment model for participants at outdoor music festivals: evaluation of the validity and control measure effectiveness based on two actual events in Japan and Spain
Authors: Murakami Michio , Fujita Tsukasa , Li Pinqi , Imoto Seiya , Yasutaka Tetsuo 
Published: August 2022

We developed an environmental exposure model to estimate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk among participants at outdoor music festivals and validated the model using two real events—one in Japan (Event 1) and one in Spain (Event 2). Furthermore, we considered a hypothetical situation in which Event 1 was held but enhanced measures were implemented to evaluate the extent to which the risk could be reduced by additional infection control measures, such as negative antigen tests on the day of the event, wearing of masks, disinfection of environmental surfaces, and vaccination. Among 7,392 participants, the total number of already- and newly-infected individuals who participated in Event 1 according to the new model was 47.0 (95% uncertainty interval: 12.5–185.5), which is in good agreement with the reported value (45). The risk of infection at Event 2 (1.98 × 10−2; 95% uncertainty interval: 0.55 × 10−2–6.39 × 10−2), calculated by the model in this study, was also similar to the estimated value in the previous epidemiological study (1.25 × 10−2). These results for the two events in different countries highlighted the validity of the model. Among the additional control measures in the hypothetical Event 1, vaccination, mask-wearing, and disinfection of surfaces were determined to be effective. Based on the combination of all measures, a 94% risk reduction could be achieved. In addition to setting a benchmark for an acceptable number of newly-infected individuals at the time of an event, the application of this model will enable us to determine whether it is necessary to implement additional measures, limit the number of participants, or refrain from holding an event.
Response on Phenological, Fruiting Behaviour and Growth Characteristics of F1 Candidates Rootstock Seedlings of Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]
Authors: Rajput Pushpendra , Thakur Anirudh , Singh Harminder , Poonam . 
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the flowering and fruiting behaviour of different variety of peach, plum along with growth characteristics of their F1 hybrids and identification hybrid rootstocks for future genetic improvement.
Study Design: The experiment was designed in Randomized Block Design Factorial with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Rootstock hybridization programme were carried out at main fruit research station Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during 2016-17 and 2017-18.
Methodology: Rootstock hybridization programme were carried out with three varieties two peach namely Sharbati and Flordaguard and one plum Kala amritsari and study the phenological, fruiting behavior and growth performance of seedlings of parents and F1 hybrids.
Results: Higher days from full bloom to maturity take by Sharbati × Flordaguard (129.4 Days) and minimum in Kala amritsari × Flordaguard (111.1 Days). For completion of stratification seeds of Sharbati and Sharbati × Flordaguard took maximum days for stratification (90-105 Days and 30-105 Days, respectively) and minimum in Flordaguard (30-60 Days). Seed germination % higher in Flordaguard (97.15%) and minimum in Sharbati × Kala amritsari (70.81%). Pollen viability in stored and fresh pollen was highest in Flordaguard (96.26 and 97.58%), while, minimum in Sharbati (90.89% and 96.60%). Leaf colour values (L, a, b, chroma and hue) maximum were in Sharbati and minimum in Flordaguard and leaf colour values of both hybrids, were as Flordaguard. Maximum chlorophyll (SPAD units) were recorded in Flordaguard × Sharbati (42.87) which was at par with the SAPD values of Sharbati × Flordaguard. Leaves of Flordaguard and both the hybrids showed dark reddish green colour on upper and light reddish green in lower side of leaves. Seedlings of Sharbati, Sharbati × Flordaguard and Flordaguard × Sharbati showed better growth characteristics as compares to seedlings of Flordaguard.
Conclusion: The advance candidate hybrid rootstocks may be useful for further exploitation for genetic improvement and development of rootstock with good nursery characters.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Grain Yield Characters
Authors: Shaili Muppasani Rachana , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Lavanya G. Roopa , Kumar G. Vijay 
Published: August 2022

A set of 55 genotypes of rice were evaluated for “assessment of genetic diversity in rice genotypes for grain yield characters”. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during the kharif season, of 2021 at Naini Agriculture Institute, Naini. The plant to plant distance was 15 cm and row to row distance was 20 cm. The data were recorded from five randomly selected plants for each genotypes from all the replicates for thirteen characters. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all 13 characters indicating that the material has adequate genetic variability to support the breeding programme for improving the grain yield of rice. Out of 55 rice genotypes evaluated for various characters, 5 genotypes were found superior for different characters. These 5 genotypes were found better for more than one character. Among the lines SHUATS DHAN -6 (62.133g) recorded the highest grain yield per hill followed by the genotypes BPT-3291 (51.8g), SHIATS Dhan -2 (51.467g), SIGNET-5455 (50.467g) and SIGNET-5455 (50.4). All these genotypes were significantly higher as compared to the check NDR - 359 (CHECK) (22.67g). High estimate of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for Grain yield per hill, Biological yield, Number of spikelets per panicle, Harvest Index, Flag leaf length, Number of tillers per hill, Number of panicles per hill, Flag leaf width, Test weight, and Plant height. These traits are governed by additive gene effects and therefore, may be improved through direct selection. Further the characters viz., Biological yield, Harvest Index, Number of tillers per hill, Days to fifty percent flowering, Flag leaf length and Test weight, had the highest direct positive effect and indirect effect (through each other) on grain yield per hill. Thus, selections for these characters will prove efficient for the improvement of grain yield of rice. All the 55 rice genotypes were classified using Mahalanobis D2 statistics involving 13 quantitative characters of 55 genotypes grouped into 6 clusters In the present study, the highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and cluster V (368.37) followed by cluster II and cluster V (361.04).
Population Growth Rates and Pattern of COVID-19 Deaths Per Million
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil 
Published: August 2022

Background: Population growth rate (PGR )can reflect the age group structure of the community because low PGR usually indicates low birth rate and old age structure of the community. As PGR is a single easily recalled from public sources (unlike the age distribution), we designed this study to look for any relation between PGR's impact on COVID-19 mortality and looking for a new indicator for COVID-19 mortality risk assessment. The importance of this study is to study the relation between COVID -19 pandemic and the universal trend in decreasing PGRs and continual change in population structure.
Methods: Ninety-two countries with a total population of more than ten million people were chosen as a sample for this study. We used publically available data for PGRs and COVID-19 deaths per one million populations. These countries were classified into three groups according to COVID-19 death rate per million people as follows: < 1000 / (62 Countries), COVID-19 death rate 1000-2000 (11 Countries), and > 2000 (19 Countries).
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used as a statistical method to provide information about levels of variability within a regression model and form a basis for testing the fitted logarithmic model for significance.
Results: PGR was inversely related to COVID-19 mortality in a too highly significant association (p-value 0.000).
Conclusion: We described a novel method to predict countries at increased risk for COVID-19 death through PGR estimation. Low PGR is correlated with the increased COVID-19 mortality rate for COVID-19 and vice versa.
Sudden Unexpected Natural Deaths of Adults in Southeastern Nigeria: A 12 Years Autopsy Review
Authors: Ukekwe Francis Ikechukwu , Odunukwe Nkiruka Nnonyelum , Olusina Daniel Bankole , Okafor Okechukwu Charles , Nzegwu Martin Arinzechukwu 
Published: August 2022

Background: Sudden unexpected natural death (SUND) though a global health problem continues to pose serious challenges in our environment. Evaluation of the causes and risk factors will provide baseline data for planning and implementation of desired urgent interventions.
Objectives: To determine the patterns of adult sudden unexpected natural deaths in southeastern Nigeria.
Methods: This is a twelve years retrospective descriptive review of sudden unexpected natural death cases at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria from the year 2007 to 2018. Data from the case notes and autopsy reports of these cases were collected and analyzed.
Results: One hundred and two (102) SUNDs were identified constituting 13.6% of all autopsies done in our hospital during the twelve years period under review. There were 76 (74.5%) males and 26 (25.5%) females giving a ratio of 2.9: 1, and a mean age of 48.2 years ± 16.0 SD. Cardiovascular disease (26.5%) was the commonest cause of SUNDs followed by respiratory (21.6%), central nervous system (16.7%), gastrointestinal system & liver (12.7%), cancer related (8.8%), renal (7.8%), diabetes complications (3.9%) and miscellaneous (2.0%). The major specific causes were Hypertensive heart disease (16.7%), pneumonia (6.9%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (5.9%), and aspiration pneumonitis (5.9%). Most SUNDs (13.7%) peaked bi-modally in the 36-40yrs and 61-65yrs age groups. Hypertension (25.5%), cancer (8.8%), and nonspecific bacterial infections (8.8%) were the most prevalent risk factors identified.
Conclusion: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous system disorders are the major group causes of adult SUNDs in southeastern Nigeria with hypertensive heart disease being the predominant specific cause occurring mostly in middle aged married men. Identifying high risk patients of hypertension could allow for timely interventions and prevention of sudden death.