bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Network Analyses Reveal Evolutionary Integration and Modularity in the Lizards Skull
Authors: Asakura Yuya , Kawabe Soichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The morphology of lizard skulls is highly diverse, and it is crucial to understand the factors that constrain and promote their evolution to understand how lizards thrive. The results of interactions between cranial bones reflecting these factors can be detected as integration and modularity, and the analysis of integration and modularity allows us to explore the underlying factors. In this study, the integration and modularity of the skulls of lizards and the outgroup tuatara are analyzed using a new method, Anatomical Network Analysis (AnNA), and the factors causing lizards morphological diversity are investigated by comparing them. The comparison of modular structures shows that lizard skulls have high integration and anisomerism, some differences but basically common modular patterns. In contrast, the tuatara shows a different modular pattern from lizards, reflecting underlying developmental factors. In addition, the presence of the postorbital bar by jugal and postorbital (postorbitofrontal) also reflect various functional factors by maintaining low integration. The maintenance of basic structures due to basic functional requirements and changes in integration within the modules play a significant role in increasing the morphological diversity of the lizard skull and in the prosperity of the lizards.
Fludarabine and antithymocyte globulin-based conditioning regimen combined with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Lu Ying , Cao Junjie , Pei Renzhi , Zheng Zhongzheng , Yuan Zhiyang , Li Daiyang , Zhang Pisheng , Liu Xuhui , Chen Dong , Du Xiaohong , Chen Lieguang , Li Shuangyue , Tang Shanhao , Ye Peipei , Wang Tiantian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are the important complications influencing mortality for patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). GVHD prophylaxis based on post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) or antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is widely used in haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT). We developed a modified increased-intensity conditioning regimen including fludarabine (Flu) and investigated the effect of ATG-PTCy combination on transplant outcomes in high-risk AML and MDS compared with those patients who received only ATG as GVHD prophylaxis. Methods: A total of 80 patients with high-risk AML and MDS were divided into two groups and assigned to one-to-one pairing.Results: The modified ATG-PTCy group had more amounts of infused mononuclear cells, CD34-positive cells and CD3-positive cells than those in the ATG group (P＜0.05). The amount of platelet transfusion was higher in the ATG group than the modified ATG-PTCy group [2 (range, 1–6) U vs 2 (range, 1–5) U, P=0.005]. The median of platelet recovery was better in the modified ATG-PTCy group than in the ATG group (12 days vs 13 days,P=0.041). The infection rates of bacteria, fungi and virus at 100 days after transplantation were similar in both groups. Compared with the ATG group, individuals who received the modified ATG-PTCy regimen had higher 2-year GVHD- and relapse-free survival(GRFS) [60.0% (95%CI, 44.9–75.1%) vs 34.8% (95%CI, 19.9–49.7%), P=0.028]; lower 180-day incidence of II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) [15.0% (95%CI, 4.0–26.0%) vs 39.8% (95%CI, 23.9–55.7%), P = 0.029]; and lower 1-year incidence of moderate to severe chronic GVHD (cGVHD) [2.9% (95%CI, 2.0–3.8%) vs 19.6% (95%CI, 5.3–33.9%), P = 0.039]; without an increase in the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) [19.5% (95%CI, 6.6–32.4%) vs 30.4% (95%CI, 15.3–45.5%), P = 0.291]. Conclusions: High-dose stem cells can promote blood cell implantation.The modified ATG-PTCy combination was associated with decreased risk of aGVHD and cGVHD, no increased risk of recurrence, and improved GRFS. It represents an effective strategy for high risk AML and MDS.
Over-expression of RRM2 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics Analysis Based on TCGA Data
Authors: Qin Zhongqiang , Wang Zhaoying , Fan Longfei , Zhang Lan , Wei Jianzhu , Zhu Yizi , Qian Zhen , Yin Hongxiang , Qian Jingyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) has been reported as an oncogene in some kinds of malignant tumors, such as lung adenocarcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and breast cancer. However, there are few studies focus on the clinical significance of RRM2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. This work aimed to evaluate the significance of RRM2 in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.Results: The expression of RRM2 in tumor tissues higher than normal tissues(P＜0.001). The elevated expression of RRM2 in HCC was significantly correlated with T stage(P＜0.05), Pathologic stage(P＜0.05), Tumor status(P＜0.05), Histologic grade(P＜0.001), and AFP(P＜0.001). HCC with higher RRM2 expression was positive associated with worse OS (overall survival), PFS (progression free survival), and DSS (disease specific survival). In the univariate analysis, expression of RRM2, T stage, M stage, Pathologic stage, and Tumor status were negative correlated with OS(P＜0.05). Further analysis by multivariate Cox regression showed that tumor status(P＜0.01) and RRM2 expression(P＜0.05) were independent prognostic factors of OS in HCC. Moreover, GSEA showed that several pathways were enriched in RRM2 high-expression sample, including PD-1 signaling, Cell cycle, P27 pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway. RRM2 was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of aDC, CD8 T cells, Cytotoxic cells, DC, Mast cells, Neutrophils, NK cells, pDC, T helper cells, T follicular helper cells, Tgd, Th17 cells, and Th2 cells(P＜0.05);Conclusion: The findings from bioinformatic analysis suggest that high expression of RRM2 could be a predictive factor in HCC with poor prognosis. Furthermore, pivotal pathways associated with tumorigenesis are involved in RRM2. Finally, the expression of RRM2 in HCC is related to the level of immune infiltration.
Nestin+ Cells Isolated From the Peritoneum Ameliorate Peritoneal Fibrosis Development
Authors: Ye Simin , Jiang Nan , Ma Shuqin , Zhou Ying , Yu Xia , Zhao Zongyuan , Ying Yaozhe , Bai Yongheng , Liu Xiaoyuan , Yang Dicheng , Yangping Shentu , Chen Chaosheng , Zheng Chenfei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The intermediate filament protein Nestin, a specific marker for multifunctional, multilineage progenitor cells, is regulated during the progression of reparative and reactive fibrosis in the liver, heart and kidney. In this study, Nestin was found in both the mouse peritoneum and HPMCs derived from PD effluent (PDE) and HMrSV5. Moreover, these Nestin+ PMCs showed extensive proliferation for more than 20 passages. The mice that received chronic peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) infusions showed typical features of peritoneal fibrosis (PF), including substantially increased perito­neal thickness, excessive matrix deposition, increased peritoneal permeability, and increased expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I (Col I). Nestin+ cells isolated from the peritoneum could significantly ameliorate these pathological changes. A parallel decrease in interleukin-33 (IL-33) and ST-2 accumulation in the peritoneum of Nestin+ cell-transplanted mice was observed. In addition, downregulation of IL-33 expression decreasedTGF-β1-induced accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the HPMCs. In conclusion, our findings discover a novel mechanism of Nestin+ cells in PF, that is, Nestin+ cells isolated from the peritoneum probably had a protective effect on high-glucose PDS-induced PF by suppressing IL-33/ST-2 signaling.
Bone-specific Response According to MDA Criteria Predicts Immunotherapy Efficacy Among Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients.
Authors: De Giglio Andrea , Deiana Chiara , Federico Alessandro Di 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Baseline bone metastasis has been associated with poor response to immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RECIST criteria may be limited for bone-specific response evaluation. Whether their assessment through MDA criteria predict immunotherapy efficacy is unknown.Materials and methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study to assess the use of MDA criteria in evaluating bone metastasis in NSCLC treated with immunotherapy. Radiological imaging were reviewed to classify bone lesions as osteolytic, osteoblastic, or mixed. Bone response to treatments data were classified according to MDA criteria.Results: 222 patients received single-agent immunotherapy. The presence of bone metastasis increased the risk of death both in the univariate (HR: 1.46, 95% CI, 1.05-2.03, p=0.024) and in the multivariate model (HR: 1.61,95 % CI, 1.10-2.36, p=0.015). According to MDA criteria, 57.3% of patients obtained a progressive disease as best response, 29.5% a stable disease, 11.4% a partial response and 1.6% a complete response. Bone-specific objective response was associated with a significantly increased median overall survival (11.3 vs. 3.1 months, p=0.027) and longer median progression-free survival (6 vs. 2.1 months, p=0.056). The median time to bone failure (TBF) was 2.4 months (IQR, 1.67-3.0). In 25.7% of cases, TBF was shorter than progression-free survival according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. TBF was positively correlated with overall survival (HR=0.73, p= 0.00019).Conclusions: MDA criteria represent a reliable tool in assessing bone-specific response, offering a more accurate evaluation to sooner predict survival outcomes or treatment failure compared to RECIST criteria for advanced NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.
Study on Coordination Effect and Interactive Stress between Tourism Economy and Eco-environment -Taking Pearl River Delta for an Example
Authors: Guotong QIAO , wang na , huang xingji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A coupling coordination degree model and an interactive stress model of tourism economy and eco-environment in Pearl River Delta are established to analyze the dynamic coordinated relationship of 9 cities in Pearl River Delta from 2007 to 2018. Results show that in the time series, coupling coordination of the tourism economy and the eco-environment in 9 cities shows a steady upward trend; in the spatial pattern, the coupling coordination of coastal areas is generally better than non-coastal areas; dynamic coordinated relationship’s spatial distribution about the two systems exists in all cities in Pearl River Delta. Besides, according to the interactive stress model, there is a strong interactive stress between tourism economy and the eco-environment. And the level of tourism economy is higher in economically developed areas, and the possibility of deterioration of the eco-environment in economically backward areas is greater. With the interactive stress of the tourism economy and eco-environment, advice should be proposed to adjust the relationship between them, in order to coordinate smooth and optimized development.
Three adult cases of STAT1-gain-of-function with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis treated with JAK inhibitors
Authors: Borgström Emilie Wahren , Edvinsson Marie , Perez Lucia Pena , Norlin Anna-Carin , Hansen Susanne , Fasth Anders , Friman Vanda , Kämpe Olle , Månsson Robert , Tan Ziyang , Smith Carl Inge Edvard , Brodin Petter , Bergman Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize biomarkers in three patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis caused by gain of function mutations in the STAT1 gene during treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors. Methods: We used mass cytometry to characterize mononuclear leukocyte populations and Olink assays to quantify 265 plasma proteins. Flow-cytometric Assay for Specific Cell-mediated Immune-response in Activated whole blood (FASCIA) was used to quantify the reactivity against Candida albicans . Results: While the number of B-, T- and NK-cells remained stable during baricitinib treatment, a detailed analysis revealed that CD4 + central memory T-cells increased during treatment from 25% to around 60% of the total numbers of CD4 + T-cells. In parallel, NK-cells showed an increased expression of CD45, CD52 and CD99, likely reflecting a more functional phenotype. Conversely, monocytes and eosinophils downregulated CD16, which is consistent with reduced inflammation. In the patient for which consecutive samples were available, the immune response to C. albicans was increased above the level found in normal individuals after 7 weeks of treatment. Early changes in plasma biomarkers involved downregulation of CXCL10, annexin A1, granzyme B, granzyme H and oncostatin M, whereas FGF21 was the only upregulated marker after 7 weeks. After 3 months, IFN-ɣ and CXCL10 were downregulated. Conclusions: Several biological variables were altered during baricitinib treatment demonstrating that lymphocytes, NK-cells, monocytes and eosinophils were affected. In parallel, the cellular reactivity against C. albicans was enhanced. Downregulation of CXCL10 could tentatively be used as a biomarker for baricitinib activity, but this needs to be validated in additional patients.
Correlation between Optical Coherence Tomograph Angiography (OCT- A) findings at three to six weeks and functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale – mRS) at three months of onset of acute ischemic stroke due to Extracranial Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Disease (ECAD)
Authors: Mishra Biswamohan , Pandit Awadh Kishor , Chawla Rohan , Aalok Swati Phuljhele , Srivast M V Padma , Nayak Manoj Kumar , PM Yogeesh , Salunkhe Manish , Garg Ajay , Srivast Achal Kumar , Vishnu Venugopalan Y , Bhatia Rohit , Misra Shubham , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Molla Kabiruddin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective To determine whether Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) findings of retinal and Optic Nerve Head (ONH) can help predict functional outcomes (mRS, modified Rankin Score) in patients with Extracranial Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Disease (ECAD).Background OCTA can image retinal vasculature without the need of contrast injection. Previous studies have evaluated OCTA findings in the pre and post carotid revascularization procedures, however, none have evaluated the utility of OCTA in predicting the clinical outcome in ECAD associated stroke, which we aim to explore in this study.MethodsFor this prospective exploratory study, OCTA findings in patients with ischemic stroke due to ECAD at 3-6 weeks of stroke onset were observed for mRS at three months. OCTA was also performed on risk factors matched controls who did not have carotid artery stenosis and the findings were compared with those of cases. Results Twenty-three patients of ECAD stroke (cases arm) and twenty-three risk factor matched controls were enrolled. Mean age was 53.14± 12.28 years and majority were males. There was a significant difference between cases and controls in the Deep Vessel Density (DVD) at macula (p = 0.0007) and in the Radial Peripapillary Capillary Perfusion Density (RPCPD) at the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) (p = 0.0007). Statistically significant difference was noted in the total superficial vessel density at macula (normal vs abnormal Superficial Vessel Density) in the ipsilateral eye and clinical outcome at 3 months (very good vs poor outcome, mRS 0-1 vs mRS 2-6, respectively ( p= 0.0361). There was statistically insignificant correlation between the RPCPD at the ONH and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the time of admission, mRS at discharge, and functional outcome (mRS) at 3 months of stroke onset (r =0.33, r=0.35, r=0.39; p=0.11, p=0.09, p=0.06, respectively).Conclusion OCTA findings (total superficial vessel density at macula) at three to six weeks of stroke onset may predict functional outcome at three months in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further studies involving larger patient cohorts, may help establish OCTA as a new biomarker for predicting and monitoring clinical and functional outcomes in patients with Extracranial Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Disease, in a fast, non-invasive and reproducible manner.
Realistic Ocean Initial Condition for Stimulating the Successful Prediction of Extreme Cold Events in the 2020/21 winter
Authors: Zheng Fei , Haolan REN , Renping LIN , Jiang ZHU 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the first half of winter 2020/21, several unprecedented cold events occurred in most parts of China and caused record-breaking low temperatures in many cities. However, seasonal predictions related to the onset and evolution of extreme cold events are still challenging. In this study, we first evaluated the short-term climate prediction skills in winter of the CAS-ESM-c global coupled model and revealed the key dynamic processes of the onset and development of 2020/21 extreme cold events based on ensemble forecasts starting on October 1, 2020. Under an indispensable background provided by the synergistic effect of the warm Arctic and the cold tropical Pacific (La Niña), the model captured the abnormal meridional atmospheric pattern well, including the intensification of the Ural Blocking High and the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, forecasted the negative geopotential height anomalies over the eastern Asia region, and finally, successfully predicted the outbreak of cold waves in December 2020 two months in advance. The dominant differences in the initial ocean fields between the best and the worst forecast members were further compared to isolate the triggering factor for predicting cold events by CAS-ESM-c. The initial warm sea surface temperature over the Barents Sea can gradually form a meridional pattern between the warm Arctic and the cold Asian continent, which could lead to a reduction in the large-scale meridional temperature gradient at mid-high latitudes and weaken the atmospheric baroclinicity; these are conditions that are more conducive to the southward outbreak of cold waves, highlighting that realistic Arctic ocean conditions in autumn can be reasonably assimilated into coupled models to stimulate the successful prediction of extreme cold events in the 2020/21 winter.
Acute Cholangitis and Pancreatitis After Duodenal Stent Placement in the Descending Duodenum: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kaneko Junichi , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Asakura Koiku , Satoh Tatsunori , Sato Junya , Ishikawa Kazuma , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Yabuuchi Yohei , Kishida Yoshihiro , Yoshida Masao , Ito Sayo , Kawata Noboru , Imai Kenichiro , Takizawa Kohei , Hotta Kinichi , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Metallic stents placed in the descending duodenum can cause compression of the major duodenal papilla, resulting in acute cholangitis and pancreatitis. These are notable early adverse events of duodenal stent placement; however, they have been rarely examined. This study aimed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for acute cholangitis and/or pancreatitis after duodenal stent placement in the descending duodenum.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed data of consecutive patients who underwent metallic stent placement in the descending duodenum for malignant gastric outlet obstruction at a tertiary referral cancer center between April 2014 and December 2019. Risk factors for acute cholangitis and/or pancreatitis were analyzed using a logistic regression model.
Results
Sixty-five patients were included. Acute cholangitis and/or pancreatitis occurred in 11 patients (17%): seven with cholangitis, two with pancreatitis, and two with both cholangitis and pancreatitis. Multivariate analysis indicated that female sex (odds ratio: 9.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–58.6, P = 0.02), absence of biliary stents (odds ratio: 12.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–90.2, P = 0.01), and tumor invasion to the major duodenal papilla (odds ratio: 25.8, 95% confidence interval: 2.0–340.0, P = 0.01) were significant independent risk factors for acute cholangitis and/or pancreatitis.
Conclusions
The incidence of cholangitis and/or pancreatitis after duodenal stent placement in the descending duodenum was non-negligible. Female sex, absence of biliary stents, and tumor invasion to the major duodenal papilla were the primary risk factors. Risk stratification can allow endoscopists to better identify patients at significant risk and permit detailed informed consent.
IRS-Aided Energy Efficient UAV Communication
Authors: Cho Hyesang , Choi Junil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems are in active study due to its various applications. However, UAV communication systems suffer from energy consumption, which limits the flying time of UAVs. In this paper, we propose several UAV energy consumption minimization techniques through the aid of multiple intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs). In specific, we introduce a tractable model to effectively capture the characteristics of multiple IRSs and multiple user equipments (UEs). Then, we derive a closed form expression for the UE achievable rate, resulting in tractable optimization problems. Accordingly, we effectively solve the optimization problems by adopting the successive convex approximation technique. To compensate for the high complexity of the optimization problems, we propose a low complexity algorithm that has marginal performance loss. In the numerical results, we show that the proposed algorithms can save UAV energy consumption significantly compared to the benchmarks, justifying that exploiting the IRSs is indeed favorable to UAV energy consumption minimization.
The Geometry Of Evolved Community Matrix Spectra
Authors: Laastad Silja Borring , Haerter Jan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Random matrix theory has been applied to food web stability for decades, implying elliptical eigenvalue spectra and that large food webs should be unstable. Here we allow feasible food webs to self-assemble within an evolutionary process, using simple Lotka-Volterra equations and several elementary interaction types. We show that, as complex food webs evolve under 105 invasion attempts, the community matrix spectra become bi-modal, rather than falling onto elliptical geometries. Our results raise questions as to the applicability of random matrix theory to the analysis of food web steady states.