bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necrotizing Tracheitis Complicated by Tracheal Wall Perforation
Authors: Louie Bryan H. , Stramiello Joshua , Senyei Grant , Weissbrod Philip , Boys Joshua , Cheng George , Guo Theresa 
Published: August 2022

Necrotizing tracheitis is a rare condition, mainly seen in immunocompromised patients, that may lead to pseudomembrane formation, airway obstruction and in severe cases, tracheal perforation. We present a case of a 32-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes who presented with productive cough, dysphagia, and respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy revealed extensive tracheal necrosis along a 4-5 cm segment of cartilaginous trachea and was complicated by tracheal perforation with false passage into the anterior mediastinum. Once the airway was re-established, a multidisciplinary team discussed options for definitive airway management, including tracheal reconstruction, pulmonary stent, or tracheostomy. Ultimately, a distal XLT tracheostomy was placed. Microbiology specimens of the tracheal tissue were positive for Actinomyces. The patient was started on long-term antibiotics and diabetes management. At three-month follow-up, the trachea was patent with near complete mucosalization of the previously necrotic segment. An area of proximal tracheal stenosis was successfully managed with a customized tracheal T-tube. In conclusion, this is a case of necrotizing tracheitis complicated by tracheal perforation. Successful treatment required a multidisciplinary team for airway management as well as medical treatment of immunocompromising risk factors and antimicrobial therapy. This enabled timely healing of the trachea and a durable airway.
Role of Triamcinolone Irrigation in Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Operated for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Matched-Pair Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Budhiraja Grace , Kaur Navjot , Singh Harsimrat 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the standard treatment strategy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) resistant to medical treatment, and it is known to have postoperative complications and recurrences, which in turn result in suboptimal outcomes. Several methods are used to prevent postoperative scarring, adhesions, oedema, infection or recurrences in cavities. The role of steroids in improving postoperative outcomes is well established. They can be administered systemically or locally to enhance drug delivery into paranasal sinuses. In this study, we used triamcinolone irrigation immediately following surgery on one side of the nose, in patients with bilateral disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-operative triamcinolone irrigation on postoperative outcomes, in patients with bilateral pansinusitis. Methods: It was an interventional randomized controlled study, conducted at a tertiary care centre in North India. The analysis of 58 patients with bilateral pansinusitis was done from September 2020 to August 2021. At the conclusion of ESS, each patient was randomized to receive triamcinolone irrigation (4 ml of 40mg/ml solution) once and followed by merocel (polyvinyl acetal) packing on one side, while the contralateral side was packed with merocel soaked with saline. Nasal cavities were evaluated using a Hopkins rod endoscope in the postoperative 1st, 3rd, 8th and 12th weeks to look for the presence of postoperative crusting, oedema, polypoidal changes, and discharge. Perioperative sinus endoscopic scores (POSE) were used for endoscopic staging. Results: The most commonly affected age group was 31-45 years accounting for 39.7%. Males were affected more (63.7%) than the female population (36.3%). There was a reduction in the average POSE scores at the treatment site at all follow-up stages with a significant reduction in crusting, oedema, and scarring in the treatment site ( P-value <0.001). Conclusion: Triamcinolone irrigation effectively improves postoperative outcomes and reduces early postoperative complications in CRS patients.
Supporting Transgender Students and Gender-Expansive Education in Schools: Investigating Policy, Pedagogy, and Curricular Implications
Authors: Martino Wayne 
Published: August 2022

Context/Background: This article provides an introduction to the special issue. It includes an overview of a collection of articles from scholars across the globe who are committed to deepening an understanding of the experiences of trans students and gender-expansive education in schools. The special issue grew out of concerns about the need to investigate a trans studies–informed approach to addressing trans marginalization that attends to questions of both gender and racial justice in K-12 schools—an approach that is much needed in the field. The special issue also emerges, and needs to be contextualized, in response to the current conditions of resurgent far-right extremism, with its accompanying anti-trans and white supremacist rhetoric. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide both an introduction to the special issue and a rationale for its conception. It serves as an orientation to reading of the special issue as a whole, functioning as a synthesizing introduction: a point of reference and lens through which to situate the contributing articles in a dialogic relation to mark a distinctive assemblage in the field both within and beyond the North American context.
A Transgender Studies Approach for Educators in Schools: Reflections on “Cissexist Pitfalls,” Bifurcated Frameworks, and Racial Justice
Authors: Martino Wayne 
Published: August 2022

Background/Context: Trans studies provides onto-epistemological, theoretical, ethical, and political frameworks that have a particular application for studies in education, and specifically for educators in schools, that remains largely unexplored or unelaborated. Within a context of resurgent right-wing extremism that fuels anti-trans and white supremacist rhetoric, trans studies provides analytic tools for deepening an understanding of gender expansive education and addressing gender and racial justice in schools. Purpose/Focus of Study: The purpose of this article is to illuminate the utility of trans-informed frameworks and the hermeneutic resources they provide in their potential to enhance and deepen an understanding of the pedagogical interventions in the classroom that are needed to educate about trans marginalization and racial justice. The focus is on the application of these frameworks, both with respect to fostering professional learning for educators in schools, and for my own pedagogy and course development. Research Design: In adopting a critical incident/critical reflexive practitioner approach, the author provides a sustained reflection on his own pedagogical practices and approach to curriculum development within the context of teaching a graduate course on gender and sexual diversity in schools. While such critical reflections emerged in response to one core critical incident, they are extended through an application of a trans studies approach to thinking through the scaffolded learning process for educators in the application of trans studies, and what this means for the sort of teacher threshold knowledges that are needed in schools for addressing gender and racial justice. Findings: Trans studies provides hermeneutic resources and analytic concepts that serve as tools for supporting teachers in reflecting on cissexist assumptions and how these materialize through their practice in the classroom. A concretization of what it means for teachers to enact a trans-studies-informed pedagogy requires a scaffolded approach and one that entails a weaving through of a critical and integrated focus on race, settler colonialism, and cissexism. Conclusions: The article highlights that there are certain limits to conceiving of a pedagogical commitment to interrogating gender binaries as a basis for addressing gender-expansive education in schools. The author concludes that such frameworks, in an absence of embracing a trans-informed approach to thinking about gender diversity and racial justice, run the risk of relying on a bifurcating categorization of trans students’ identities that ignore fundamental questions related to the impact of cissexism and its implication in colonial domination and racialization.
How Do Newly Diagnosed Chronic Health Conditions Affect Older Workers’ Vitality and Worries About Functional Ability?
Authors: Vanajan Anushiya , Bültmann Ute , Henkens Kène 
Published: August 2022

With increasing retirement ages, older workers are working longer while being newly diagnosed with chronic health conditions (CHCs). Our knowledge on how newly diagnosed CHCs influence older workers’ vitality and worries is limited. We examine how four newly diagnosed CHCs affect older workers’ vitality and worries about physical and mental functional ability. We used data from a Dutch pension panel survey. A sample of 1,894 older workers (60–62 years) was analyzed using conditional change OLS regression models. Having CHCs decreased vitality and increased worries. This effect was worse for older workers newly diagnosed with CHCs. Being newly diagnosed with physically disabling conditions increased worries about physical functioning, while being newly diagnosed with mentally disabling conditions increased worries about mental functioning. These findings aid the identification of vulnerable groups of older workers, thereby informing interventions that could improve quality of life, while promoting healthy aging at work.
HIV testing in a high prevalence urban area in the US: Identifying missed opportunities two ways
Authors: Anderson Sean , Friedman Eleanor E , Eller Dylan , Kerman Jared , Zhou Junlan , Stanford Kimberly A , Ridgway Jessica P , McNulty Moira C 
Published: August 2022

Background Routine opt-out HIV testing in healthcare settings is often not implemented to its fullest extent. We assessed factors contributing to missed HIV testing opportunities at an academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois, with a routine HIV screening program. Methods Retrospective analysis of HIV testing in clinical encounters was performed using multivariate regession models. Missed opportunities were defined as 1) an encounter during which an HIV test was not conducted on a patient later diagnosed with HIV, or 2) an encounter in which a bacterial STI test was performed without HIV testing. Results Of 122 people newly diagnosed with HIV from 2011-2018, 98 patients had 1215 prior encounters, of which 82.8% were missed opportunities. Female gender, persons not known to be men who have sex with men, and encounter location other than inpatient had higher odds of a missed opportunity. Nearly half (48.4%) of 104,678 bacterial STI testing encounters were missed opportunities. Female gender, older age, lack of syphilis testing, and location outside the emergency department had higher odds of a missed opportunity. Conclusions We found a high number of missed HIV testing opportunities, which could be reduced by strengthening routine screening and increasing targeted testing concurrent with STI screening.
Psychological distress and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy or pre-exposure prophylaxis regimens among Urban Black gay and bisexual men (MSM)
Authors: Jimenez Valeria , Thornton Nicole , Tilchin Carla , Ghanem Khalil G , Ruhs Sebastian , Hamill Matthew M , Rompalo Anne , Jennings Jacky M 
Published: August 2022

Background Urban Black gay, and bisexual men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV in the U.S. Mental health is a barrier to adherence to both antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The objective was to determine the association between psychological distress and ART or PrEP adherence among urban Black MSM. Methods Using data from a four-year prospective cohort study, adherence to ART was defined as > 95% and PrEP was defined as > 80% of doses taken in the past 30 days. Psychological distress measures included difficulty sleeping; feeling anxious; suicidality; feeling sad or depressed; feeling sick, ill, or not well in the past 3 months; high (vs. low) overall psychological distress was classified as above the median value. Associations were examined using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests, and logistic regression. Results Among 165 Black MSM, 44.2% (73) reported high psychological distress. 65.3% (47/72) of participants living with HIV and 39.8% (37/93) of HIV negative participants were ART or PrEP adherent, respectively. Education was significantly associated with PrEP adherence ( p = 0.038). Non-injection drug use in the past 3 months ( p = 0.008), difficulty sleeping ( p = 0.010), feeling anxious ( p = 0.003), and feeling sad or depressed ( p < 0.001), and overall psychological distress ( p < 0.001) were significantly associated with ART adherence. High psychological distress was significantly associated with a reduced odds of ART adherence (aOR 0.23; 95% CI = 0.08–0.70) adjusting for age and non-injection drug use. Conclusions Increased psychological distress was significantly associated with ART nonadherence and may represent an important barrier to viral suppression.
Systemic lupus erythematosus with diffuse intracranial calcification: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Yuan Fenghong , Liu Tin , Haifeng Chen  , Jiang Xinyu 
Published: August 2022

Objective to investigate the clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus with diffuse intracranial calcification. Methods The clinical characteristics of one case of systemic lupus erythematosus with diffuse intracranial calcification were analyzed, and 12 cases in related literatures were reviewed by searching Medline and Wanfang database. Results Our case and 12 cases reviewed were all female. With the exception of one case, the course of SLE was more than 5 years. The clinical manifestations of the nervous system are diverse, including epilepsy, hemiplegia, cognitive impairment, and mental abnormalities. In the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations, this case and six cases reviewed had SLE activity. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was performed in seven patients, including four patients with CSF protein elevation, two patients with IL-6 elevation, and one patient with anti-ribosomal p antibody elevation. This case and 10 of 12 cases reviewed had bilateral basal ganglia calcification. Intracranial calcification was very high density on CT and showed high T1WI and low T2WI signal on MRI. Conclusion Systemic lupus erythematosus with intracranial calcification is a rare and severe manifestation of SLE, which is not completely parallel to SLE activity. The clinical manifestations of the nervous system are diverse, and bilateral basal ganglia calcification is the most common in imaging. High T1WI signal and low T2WI signal may be used as one of the imaging features to identify intracranial calcification.
Therapeutic Potential of Low-Intensity Magnetic Field Stimulation in 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease: From Inflammation to Motor Function
Authors: Bose Samrat , Nag Tapas Chandra , Dey Soumil , Sundd Monica , Jain Suman 
Published: August 2022

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the aged population. Transcranial magnetic field (MF) stimulation has shown to provide temporary motor recovery in neurological disorders. Purpose The aim of this study was to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism of low-intensity MF stimulation (17.96 µT; 50Hz; 2 h/day, four weeks) in a rat model of severe PD. Methods A clinically relevant, bilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model of severe PD was employed to test the efficacy of low-intensity MF stimulation in the management of motor symptoms. The mechanism of action of MF was dissected by assessing the microglial activation, tissue ultrastructure, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomics using microdialysis. Results We observed a significant improvement in the postural balance and gait after MF exposure with a significant reduction in the number of activated microglia. There was an improvement in striatal dopaminergic innervation and glutamate levels but it did not reach a level of statistical significance. Conclusion MF stimulation helped ameliorate the motor deficits and reduced inflammation but was unable to provide a significant change in terms of dopaminergic innervation and metabolic profile in the severe 6-OHDA PD rat model.
Rates of Tobacco Use Disorder, Pharmacologic Treatment, and Associated Mental Health Disorders in a Medicaid Claim Review Among Youth in Indiana, USA
Authors: McBrayer Kimberly , Ouyang Fangqian , Adams Zachary , Hulvershorn Leslie , Aalsma Matthew C. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose This study delineates a number of Medicaid youth with tobacco use disorder (TUD), prescribing habits for treatment, and associated externalizing disorders. Methods Youth Medicaid claims from 2007-2017 processed in a large Midwestern city were analyzed for a diagnosis of TUD, related pharmacotherapy, and externalizing mental health and substance use disorders. Results Claims connected 6541 patients with 42 890 visits. Mean age was 16.4 with 40% female. 1232 of the 6541 charts contained a TUD diagnosis equating to 1848 visits. A comorbid diagnosis of ADHD, cannabis use, and conduct disorder were more common in males (3.9% vs 1.3% in females; 3.4% vs .8%; and 2.8% vs .8%; P < .05). 808 scripts were provided to 152 of the 1232 youths, with 4.7% of those scripts a nicotine replacement product. Conclusions Pharmacotherapy is underutilized in this Medicaid claims data set. Certain externalizing factors were associated with males with TUD more than females.
Association Between Lipophilic Beta-Blockers and Depression in Diabetic Patients on Chronic Dialysis
Authors: Lengton Robin , W Schouten Robbert , Nadort Els , van Rossum Elisabeth FC , Dekker Friedo W , Siegert Carl EH , Hoogeveen Ellen K 
Published: August 2022

Background: Depression is associated with lower quality of life and increased risk of mortality. The prevalence of depression in chronic dialysis patients, as well as in patients with diabetes, is more than 20%. It is debated whether use of beta-blockers increases the risk of depression. Therefore, we examined in chronic dialysis patients with and without diabetes, the association between beta-blockers and depressive symptoms. Methods: Data were collected from the DIVERS-I study, a multicentre prospective cohort among chronic dialysis patients in the Netherlands. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). We defined depressive symptoms as a BDI-II score ⩾16. The cross-sectional association at baseline between depressive symptoms and beta-blocker use in chronic dialysis patients, was studied by multivariable logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Results: We included 684 chronic dialysis patients, of whom 43% had diabetes mellitus, and 57% used a beta-blocker of which 97% were lipophilic. After multivariable adjustment, the OR (95% CI) for depressive symptoms in patients with compared to without diabetes was 1.41 (1.00-1.98), and in beta-blocker users compared to non-users 1.12 (0.80-1.56), respectively. Dialysis patients with diabetes and beta-blocker use compared to those without diabetes and not using beta-blockers had an OR of 1.73 (1.12-2.69) for depressive symptoms. The association was stronger in dialysis patients with diabetes and lipophilic beta-blocker use with an OR of 1.77 (1.14-2.74). Conclusions: We found a possible association between lipophilic beta-blocker use and depressive symptoms in chronic dialysis patients with diabetes.
The Woven EndoBridge for intracranial aneurysms: Radiological outcomes and factors influencing occlusions at 6 and 24 months
Authors: Alpay Kemal , Lindgren Antti , Rautio Riitta , Parkkola Riitta 
Published: August 2022

Purpose To identify factors influencing short- and mid-term radiological outcomes of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) treated with the Woven EndoBridge (WEB). Methods A total of 112 patients were treated for IAs with the WEB in at our institution between 2013 and 2020. Patients with 6- and/or 24-months follow-up data were included in the study. Aneurysm occlusion was evaluated using the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification (RR). RR 1 and RR 2 were considered as adequate outcomes, while RR 3 inadequate. Results Data were available for 91 patients (56 females, 62%) at 6 months and 62 of those patients (39 females, 58%) at 24 months. The adequate occlusion (RR 1/RR 2) rate was 89% ( n = 81/91) at the 6-months follow-up and 91% ( n = 56/62) at the 24-months follow-up. The treatment-related morbidity rate was 4% ( n = 4/91), and mortality rate was 1% ( n = 1/91). The predictor for inadequate occlusion at the 6-months follow-up was the lobular shape of an aneurysm ( p = .01). The aneurysm’s height ( p = .02), maximal diameter ( p = .001), width ( p = .002), aspect ratio ( p = .03), dome-to-neck ratio ( p = .04), and lobular shape ( p= .03) were predictive factors for inadequate occlusion at 24 months. All the thrombosed aneurysms ( n = 3) showed unfavorable radiological outcomes and required re-treatment within 24 months. None of the patient-related factors were significant. Conclusions The WEB provides favorable occlusion rates and low complications for both ruptured and unruptured wide-necked IAs. Unfavorable radiological outcomes after WEB treatment may be related to aneurysm morphology and size.
Understanding the role of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber on natural rubber latex nanocomposites
Authors: V Vijayalekshmi , P Poornima Vijayan , CD Midhun Dominic , Thomas Sabu 
Published: August 2022

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were isolated from raw cotton fibers via 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation process. The isolated CNF were morphologically characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Entangled fibrous morphology with diameter in nano regime (15–20 nm) has been observed for the isolated nanofibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the high crystallinity of the isolated CNF. Further, the isolated CNF was used to reinforce natural rubber (NR) latex films. The crystallographic, morphological, and spectroscopic analysis of the NR/CNF nanocomposites was carried out. A strong interaction between the CNF and NR matrix has been identified and which reflects in the thermal stability and swelling behavior of NR/CNF nanocomposite films in toluene. The uniform dispersion and tangling effect of CNF along with strong NR-CNF interaction restrict the uptake of solvent through NR matrix.