bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential role of green tea amino acid l‐theanine in the activation of innate immune response by enhancing expression of cytochrome b558 responsible for the reactive oxygen species‐generating ability of leukocytes
Authors: Kikuchi Hidehiko , Harata Kaori , Akiyoshi Sumiko , Sagara Takefumi , Madhyastha Harishkumar , Kuribayashi Futoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstractl‐Theanine (N‐ethyl‐
l‐glutamine) is an analog of
l‐glutamine and
l‐glutamic acid, accounts for up to 50% of all free amino acids in green tea, and elicits an umami taste. As
l‐theanine also shows various physiological activities including immune response‐modifying activities, it is expected to be an excellent health‐promoting phytochemical agent. To know the influences of
l‐theanine on the human innate immune response, we investigated the effect of
l‐theanine on the superoxide anion (O2−)‐generating system of leukocytes using U937 cells. The O2−‐generating system in leukocytes consists of membrane cytochrome b558 protein (a complex of p22‐phox and gp91‐phox proteins) and cytosolic p40‐phox, p47‐phox, and p67‐phox proteins. Addition of 500 μM
l‐theanine caused remarkable enhancement of the all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA)‐induced O2−‐generating activity (to ~470% of ATRA‐treated cells), but not
l‐glutamine and
l‐glutamic acid. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR showed that the transcription level of gp91‐phox is significantly increased in ATRA and
l‐theanine‐co‐treated cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that
l‐theanine enhances acetylations of Lys‐9 and Lys‐14 residues of histone H3 within the chromatin surrounding the promoter region of the gp91‐phox gene. Immunoblotting demonstrated that membrane cytochrome b558 proteins remarkably accumulate in ATRA +
l‐theanine‐treated cells. These results suggested that
l‐theanine brings about a remarkable accumulation of cytochrome b558 protein via upregulating the transcription of the gp91‐phox gene during leukocyte differentiation, resulting in marked augmentation of the O2−‐generating ability, which is one of the most important functions of leukocytes responsible for the innate immune system.
Critical assessment of methods for measurement of temperature profiles and heat load history in microwave heating processes—A review
Authors: Kalinke Isabel , Kubbutat Peter , Taghian Dinani Somayeh , Ambros Sabine , Ozcelik Mine , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLimitations of microwave processing due to inhomogeneities of power input and energy absorption have been widely described. Over‐ and underheated product areas influence reproducibility, product quality, and possibly safety. Although a broad range of methods is available for temperature measurement and evaluation of time/temperature effects, none of them is sufficiently able to detect temperature differences and thermally induced effects within the product caused by inhomogeneous heating.The purpose of this review is to critically assess different methods of temperature measurement for their suitability for different microwave applications, namely metallic temperature sensors, thermal imaging, pyrometer measurement, fiber optic sensors, microwave radiometry, magnetic resonance imaging, liquid crystal thermography, thermal paper, and biological and chemical time‐temperature indicators. These methods are evaluated according to their advantages and limitations, method characteristics, and potential interference with the electric field. Special attention is given to spatial resolution, accuracy, handling, and purpose of measurement, that is, development work or online production control. Differences of methods and examples of practical application and failure in microwave‐assisted food processing are discussed with a special focus on microwave pasteurization and microwave‐assisted drying. Based on this assessment, it is suggested that infrared cameras for measuring temperature distribution at the product surface and partially inside the product in combination with a chemical time/temperature indicator (e.g., Maillard reaction, generating heat‐induced color variations, depending on local energy absorption) appear to be the most appropriate system for future practical application in microwave food process control, microwave system development, and product design. Reliable detection of inhomogeneous heating is a prerequisite to counteracte inhomogeneity by a targeted adjustment of process and product parameters in microwave applications.
Purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract regulates redox state related to gut microbiota homeostasis in obese mice
Authors: Liu Dong , Ji Yanglin , Wang Kexin , Guo Yatu , Wang Huali , Zhang Hua , Li Liwei , Li Heyu , Cui Steve W. , Wang Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explored the advantageous effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract (PSPAE) on redox state in obese mice. The normal chow diet (NCD) group, high‐fat/cholesterol diet (HCD) group, and three groups based on HCD and added with low, middle, and high dose of PSPAE (PAL, PAM, and PAH) were raised for 12 weeks. High dose of PSPAE treatment decreased the elevations of the body weight by 24.7%, serum total cholesterol by 48.3%, serum triglyceride by 42.4%, and elevated serum activities of glutathione peroxidase by 53.3%, superoxide dismutase by 57.8%, catalase by 75.4%, decreased serum contents of malondialdehyde by 27.1% and lipopolysaccharides by 40.5%, as well as increased caecal total short‐chain fatty acid by 2.05‐fold. Additionally, PSPAE depressed toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4), nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and preserved nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression. Similarly, the protein expression of Nrf2 was enhanced, while TLR‐4 and p‐NF‐κB/NF‐κB were depressed by PSPAE treatment. Moreover, PSPAE administration promoted the protection of intestinal barrier function and rebuilt gut microbiota homeostasis by blooming g_Akkermansia, g_Bifidobacterium, and g_Lactobacillus. Furthermore, antibiotic interference experiments showed that the gut microbiota was indispensable for preserving the redox state of PSPAE. These results suggested that PSPAE administration could be an opportunity for improving HCD‐induced obesity and the redox state related to gut dysbiosis.Practical ApplicationPurple sweet potato anthocyanin has diverse pharmacological properties. It is applicable for individuals to consume extracts (as pills or other forms) from raw purple sweet potato if they want to improve obesity or redox state.
Synthetic biology for improved hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: King Samuel J. , Jerkovic Ante , Brown Louise J. , Petroll Kerstin , Willows Robert D. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryHydrogen is a clean alternative to fossil fuels. It has applications for electricity generation and transportation and is used for the manufacturing of ammonia and steel. However, today, H2 is almost exclusively produced from coal and natural gas. As such, methods to produce H2 that do not use fossil fuels need to be developed and adopted. The biological manufacturing of H2 may be one promising solution as this process is clean and renewable. Hydrogen is produced biologically via enzymes called hydrogenases. There are three classes of hydrogenases namely [FeFe], [NiFe] and [Fe] hydrogenases. The [FeFe] hydrogenase HydA1 from the model unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been studied extensively and belongs to the A1 subclass of [FeFe] hydrogenases that have the highest turnover frequencies amongst hydrogenases (21,000 ± 12,000 H2 s−1 for CaHydA from Clostridium acetobutyliticum). Yet to date, limitations in C. reinhardtii H2 production pathways have hampered commercial scale implementation, in part due to O2 sensitivity of hydrogenases and competing metabolic pathways, resulting in low H2 production efficiency. Here, we describe key processes in the biogenesis of HydA1 and H2 production pathways in C. reinhardtii. We also summarize recent advancements of algal H2 production using synthetic biology and describe valuable tools such as high‐throughput screening (HTS) assays to accelerate the process of engineering algae for commercial biological H2 production.
Sensemaking and Sustainable Development: Chinese Overseas Acquisitions and the Globalisation of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Wang Peng , Xing Eugenia Yijun , Zhang Xiaotao , Liu Yipeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the increasing attention paid to sustainability management and the wide prevalence of the United Nation's SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) in the discourse of business and society, there is little nuanced understanding of the impact of culture on sustainable development in international contexts, and on the globalisation of emerging economies in particular. By juxtaposing the literature streams of sensemaking, micro‐foundations, and collaborative partnerships, this paper presents an investigation into how culture and sensemaking influence sustainable development. Our research context – Chinese globalisation endeavours – includes Chinese overseas acquisitions and the globalisation of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper illuminates the role played by sensemaking and Taoist philosophy with regard to sustainable development. Taking a micro‐foundational perspective, we show how both cultural and institutional contexts can influence sustainable development in Chinese globalisation endeavours enacted in the form of collaborative partnerships.
Conservative vs. liberal fluid therapy in septic shock – Protocol for secondary Bayesian analyses of the CLASSIC trial
Authors: Sivapalan Praleene , Meyhoff Tine S. , Hjortrup Peter B. , Lange Theis , Møller Morten Hylander , Perner Anders , Granholm Anders 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical equipoise exists regarding intravenous (IV) fluid volumes in sepsis. The Conservative vs. Liberal Approach to fluid therapy of Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC) trial investigates the effect of restricted vs. standard IV fluid therapy in 1554 adult intensive care unit patients with septic shock.MethodsThis protocol describes secondary Bayesian analyses of the primary outcome (90‐day all‐cause mortality) and three secondary outcomes at day 90. We will analyse all binary outcomes with adjusted Bayesian logistic regressions and present results as conditional relative risks and risk differences with 95% credibility intervals (CrIs). The secondary count outcome will be analysed using adjusted Bayesian linear regression with results summarised as conditional mean differences and ratios of means with 95% Crls. We will use weakly informative priors for the primary analyses, and sceptical and evidence‐based priors in the sensitivity analyses. Exact probabilities will be presented for any benefit/harm, clinically important benefit/harm and no clinically important difference. We will assess whether heterogeneity of treatment effects on mortality is present using Bayesian hierarchical models in subgroups and on the continuous scale using models with interactions according to five baseline variables assessing the overall severity of illness and the degree of circulatory and renal impairment.DiscussionThe outlined analyses will supplement the primary analysis of the CLASSIC trial by describing probabilities of beneficial and harmful effects and evaluating heterogeneity of treatment effects in a framework that may be easier to interpret for researchers and clinicians.
Increased risk of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in patients after cardiac arrest treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Hasslacher Julia , Steinkohl Fabian , Ulmer Hanno , Lehner Georg , Klein Sebastian , Mayerhoefer Timo , Joannidis Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed at investigating the incidence, characteristics and outcome of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients after cardiac arrest (CA) and its potential association with mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH). We hypothesized, that MTH might increase the risk of VAP.MethodsProspective observational study including comatose adult patients after successful resuscitation from out‐of‐hospital or in‐hospital CA with presumed cardiac cause admitted to ICU and treated with MTH at 33°C for 24 h or normothermia (NT) with treatment of fever ≥38°C by pharmacological means. The primary outcome measure was the development of VAP. VAP diagnosis included mechanical ventilation >48 h combined with clinical and radiologic criteria. For a microbiologically confirmed VAP (mcVAP), a positive respiratory culture was required.ResultsAbout 23% of 171 patients developed VAP, 6% presented with mcVAP. VAP was associated with increased ICU‐LOS (9 (IQR 5–14) vs. 6 (IQR 3–9) days; p < .01), ventilator‐dependent days (6 (IQR 4–9) vs. 4 (IQR 2–7) days; p < .01) and duration of antibiotic treatment (9 (IQR 5–13) vs. 5 (IQR 2–9) days; p < .01), but not with mortality (OR 0.88 (95% CI: 0.43–1.81); p = .74). Patients treated with MTH (47%) presented higher VAP (30% vs. 17%; p = .04) and mcVAP rates (11% vs. 2%; p = .03). MTH was associated with VAP in multivariable logistic regression analysis with an OR of 2.67 (95% CI: 1.22–5.86); p = .01.ConclusionsVAP appears to be a common complication in patients after CA, accompanied by more ventilator‐dependent days, prolonged antibiotic treatment, and ICU‐LOS. Treatment with MTH is significantly associated with development of VAP.
Cerebral oxygen desaturation events during and functional outcomes after prehospital anaesthesia: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Nurmi Jouni , Laukkanen‐Nevala Päivi , Kirves Hetti , Raatiniemi Lasse , Toivonen Tuukka , Tommila Miretta , Piiroinen Heini , Setälä Piritta , Karhivuori Pamela , Tukia Simo , Olkinuora Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring prehospital anaesthesia, oxygen delivery to the brain might be inadequate to match the oxygen consumption, with unknown long‐term functional outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring cerebral oxygenation during prehospital anaesthesia and determining the long‐term outcomes.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational feasibility study in two helicopter emergency medical services units. Frontal lobe regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) of adult patients undergoing prehospital anaesthesia was monitored with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by a Nonin H500 oximeter. The outcome was evaluated with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 30 days and 1 year. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured with a 15D instrument at 1 year.ResultsOf 101 patients enrolled, 83 were included. The mean baseline rSO2 was 79% (73–84). Desaturation for at least 5 min to rSO2 below 50% or a decrease of 10% from baseline occurred in four (5%, 95% CI 2%–12%) and 19 (23%, 95% CI 15–93) patients. At 1 year, 32 patients (53%, 95% CI 41–65) achieved favourable neurological outcomes. The median 15D score was 0.889 (Q1–Q3, 0.796–0.970).ConclusionMonitoring cerebral oxygenation with a hand‐held oximeter during prehospital anaesthesia and collecting data on functional outcomes and HRQoL are feasible. Only half of the patients achieved a favourable functional outcome. The effects of cerebral oxygenation on outcomes during prehospital critical care need to be assessed in future studies.
Asymptomatic inguinal hernia: does it need surgical repair? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cirocchi Roberto , Burini Gloria , Avenia Stefano , Tebala Giovanni , Palumbo Piergaspare , Cianci Maria Chiara , Morabito Antonino , Bruzzone Paolo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this review is to compare the outcomes of surgical repair versus watchful waiting in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic inguinal hernias.MethodsPreferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines were employed. We analysed primary outcomes: pain, quality of life, pain during daily activities and visual analogue scale (VAS that measures pain at rest and on movement) and secondary outcomes: postoperative complications and recurrence.ResultsPain and quality of life were not comparable due to differences in the parameters used in different articles. Pain interfering with normal daily activity was evaluated in one study and appears more favourable in the post‐repair group respect to the watchful waiting (WW) group (5.1% versus 2.2%). VAS, measured in one study, at 6 months was more favourable in the surgery group (37% versus 44%). After 12 months the outcome was better in the control group than in the repair group (28% versus 30%). Conversion rate of the patient cohorts from watchful waiting to elective surgery was between 35.03% and 57.8%. The meta‐analysis did not find significant statistical differences in the two groups examined for postoperative complications [RR = 0.95, 95% CI (0.50, 1.80), P = 0.88], as for hernia recurrence [RR = 1.01, 95% CI (0.50, 2.02), P = 0.98].ConclusionWW seems to be an acceptable option for the patient with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic inguinal hernias. Delaying surgical repair until symptoms appear is safe. Acute hernia incarcerations are not particularly frequent. The incidence of chronic pain after the repair is high. Physicians must select patients carefully and explain to them the risks and benefits of surgery.
The changing face of cosmetic surgery regulation: a review of controversies and potential reforms
Authors: Jobson Dale , Freckelton Ian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCosmetic surgery is becoming increasingly popular in Australia with the industry estimated to be worth over 1 billion dollars annually. Regulators both in Australia and internationally have been criticized for not keeping up with the rapidly changing field and keeping patients sufficiently safe in an environment that is problematically entrepreneurial. In this article, we explore the current regulation of and controversies surrounding cosmetic surgery in Australia, including the use of the title ‘cosmetic surgeon’, consent processes and the phenomenon of medical tourism. Lastly, we review the potential future reforms in Australia and how other countries have regulated the industry to keep patients safe.
Retinal detachment after cataract surgery: a population‐based study
Authors: Thylefors Joakim , Jakobsson Gunnar , Zetterberg Madeleine , Sheikh Rafi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after cataract surgery, and to identify possible risk factors.MethodObservational cohort study of patients undergoing cataract surgery in Region Skåne, southern Sweden, during 2015–2017 were retrieved from the Swedish National Cataract Register. These were then cross‐referenced with cases of retinal detachment surgery performed at the Skåne University Hospital in Lund from 2015 to 2020. The main outcome was RRD after cataract surgery. The influence of sex, age, axial length of the eye, rupture of the posterior capsule, patient comorbidity and other cataract complications were analysed.ResultsAmong the 58 624 cases of cataract surgery, a total of 298 RRDs (0.51%) were identified up to the end of 2020. The mean time from cataract surgery to RRD was 667 days. The mean age was 65.3 years, compared to 74 years in the control group. A strong correlation was found between RDD and age: <60 years, incidence = 0.50%; 60–75 years, incidence = 0.14%; and >75 years, incidence = 0.04%. The correlation with axial length was also very strong: mean value 23.73 mm in those without RRD, and 25.13 mm in those with RRD (p < 0.001). Sex was also strongly correlated to RDD; 68.8% of cases of RRD being men. Among men younger than 60 years of age, with an axial length ≥25 mm, 9.46% exhibited RRD within the follow‐up period (mean 4.7 years). Rupture of the posterior capsule was found in 2.01% of RRD patients compared to 0.74% in the control group. Diabetes, glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation had no impact on the prevalence of RRD.ConclusionsThe three main risk factors for RRD following cataract surgery were found to be sex, age and axial length. The highest incidence of RRD (9.46%) were identified among men younger than 60 years of age and an axial length ≥25 mm.
lncRNA MEG3 restrained the M1 polarization of microglia in acute spinal cord injury through the HuR/A20/NF‐κB axis
Authors: Zhou Heng‐Jun , Wang Li‐Qing , Zhan Ren‐Ya , Zheng Xiu‐Jue , Zheng Jie‐Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation restrict the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (ASCI), and long non‐coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) expression is lessened in ASCI. However, the function and mechanism of lncRNA MEG3 in the M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation in ASCI are unclear. The expressions of lncRNA MEG3 in ASCI mouse spinal cord tissues and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated primary microglia and BV2 cells were quantified through a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In‐vitro assays were conducted to explore the function of lncRNA MEG3 in the M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation in ASCI. RNA degradation, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down, cycloheximide‐chase, and ubiquitination analyses were carried out to probe into the mechanism of lncRNA MEG3 in the M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation in ASCI. The lncRNA MEG3 expression was lessened in the ASCI mouse spinal cord tissues and LPS‐treated primary microglia and BV2 cells, and the overexpression of lncRNA MEG3 restrained the M1 polarization of microglia and the neuroinflammation by regulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway. For the investigation of the potential mechanism of such, the overexpression of lncRNA MEG3 restrained the M1 polarization of microglia through the HuR/A20/NF‐κB axis and boosted the motor function recovery and neuroinflammation relief in the mice with SCI. The overexpression of lncRNA MEG3 restrained the M1 polarization of microglia through the HuR/A20/NF‐κB axis.