bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Path to UVCB Ecological Risk Assessment: Grappling with Substance Characterization
Authors: Salvito Daniel , Fernandez Marc , Arey Jeremy S. , Lyon Delina Y. , Lawson Nelson , Deglin Sandrine , MacLeod Matthew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, and biological materials (UVCBs) pose a unique challenge to regulators and to product registrants, who are required to characterize their fate, exposure, hazard, and potential risks to human health and the environment. To address these challenges and ensure an efficient and fit-for-purpose process, it is proposed that the ecological risks of UVCBs be assessed following a tiered strategy. The development of this approach required exploring how substance composition ties into hazard and exposure information and determining the extent to which a UVCB needs to be characterized to ensure a robust risk assessment. The present study highlights the key aspects of this new method. It presents how a tiered substance characterization approach can be integrated into broader UVCB risk-assessment schemes to encourage an examination of data needs before a full substance characterization is performed. The first tier of the characterization process, Tier 0, is a fundamental step that includes data from basic, lower-resolution compositional analyses. Tier 0 assessments can be used to inform hazard and exposure for any substance of interest. The need for more sophisticated, higher-tier characterization is determined by the level of uncertainty of the risk assessment. The next step will integrate a tiered exposure assessment into the characterization scheme featured in the present study, to create a more complete risk-assessment framework. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2649–2657. © 2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, Health and Environmental Sciences Institute and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Young women's engagement with gambling: A critical qualitative inquiry of risk conceptualisations and motivations to gamble
Authors: McCarthy Simone , Thomas Samantha , Pitt Hannah , Marko Sarah , Randle Melanie , Cowlishaw Sean , Kairouz Sylvia , Daube Mike 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundYounger women's engagement with gambling has changed over recent decades due to a range of socio‐cultural, environmental and commercial factors. However, younger women's distinct lived experiences with gambling have rarely been considered. The following critical qualitative inquiry explored factors that influenced younger women's engagement with gambling and their perceptions of gambling risks.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 41 Australian women aged 18‐40 years. Participants were asked questions relating to their reasons for gambling, and the perceived risks associated with gambling. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.ResultsFive themes were constructed from the data. First, women reported that they gambled to escape their everyday lives, with some women reporting gambling within their own homes. Second, women reported gambling for financial reasons, particularly to change their life circumstances and outcomes. Third, gambling was used by women as a way to connect with social network members. Fourth, gambling was an incidental activity that was an extension of non‐gambling leisure activities. Finally, lower risk perceptions of participants' own gambling risk contributed to their engagement and continuation of gambling.ConclusionPublic health and health promotion initiatives should recognise that young women's gambling practices are diverse, and address the full range of socio‐cultural, environmental and commercial factors that may influence younger women's engagement with gambling.
Alginate/polyvinyl alcohol films for wound healing: Advantages and challenges
Authors: Saraiva Matheus Morais , Campelo Matheus da Silva , Câmara Neto João Francisco , Lima Ana Beatriz Nogueira , Silva George de Almeida , Dias Andre Tavares de Freitas Figueredo , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva , Kaplan David L. , Ribeiro Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe skin is the largest organ in the human body and its physical integrity must be maintained for body homeostasis and to prevent the entry of pathogenic microorganisms. Sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are two polymers widely used in films for wound dressing applications. Furthermore, blends between SA and PVA improve physical, mechanical and biological properties of the final wound healing material when compared to the individual polymers. Different drugs have been incorporated into SA/PVA‐based films to improve wound healing activity. It is noteworthy that SA/PVA films can be crosslinked with Ca2+ or other agents, which improves physicochemical and biological properties. Thus, SA/PVA associations are promising for the biomedical field, as a potential alternative for wound treatment. This review focuses on the main techniques for obtaining SA/PVA films, their physical–chemical characterization, drug incorporation, and the advantages and challenges of these films for wound healing.
Functional evaluation of the tachycardia patient‐derived iPSC cardiomyocytes carrying a novel pathogenic SCN5A variant
Authors: Goktas Sahoglu Sevilay , Kazci Yusuf Enes , Tuncay Erkan , Torun Tugce , Akdeniz Celal , Tuzcu Volkan , Cagavi Esra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTachycardia is characterized by high beating rates that can lead to life‐threatening fibrillations. Mutations in several ion‐channel genes were implicated with tachycardia; however, the complex genetic contributors and their modes of action are still unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of an SCN5A gene variant on tachycardia phenotype by deriving patient‐specific iPSCs and cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CM). Two tachycardia patients were genetically analyzed and revealed to inherit a heterozygous p.F1465L variant in the SCN5A gene. Gene expression and immunocytochemical analysis in iPSC‐CMs generated from patients did not show any significant changes in mRNA levels of SCN5A or gross NaV1.5 cellular mislocalization, compared to healthy‐derived iPSC‐CMs. Electrophysiological and contraction imaging analysis in patient iPSC‐CMs revealed intermittent fibrillation‐like states, occasional arrhythmic events, and sustained high‐paced contractions that could be selectively reduced by flecainide treatment. The patch‐clamp analysis demonstrated a negative shift in the voltage‐dependent activation at the patient‐derived iPSC‐CMs compared to the healthy control line, suggestive of a gain‐of‐function activity associated with the SCN5A+/p.F1465L variant. Our patient‐derived iPSC‐CM model recapitulated the clinically relevant characteristics of tachycardia associated with a novel pathogenic SCN5A+/p.F1465L variant leading to altered Na+ channel kinetics as the likely mechanism underlying high excitability and tachycardia phenotype.
Malunion deformity of the forearm: Three‐dimensional length variation of interosseous membrane and bone collision
Authors: Mania Sylvano , Zindel Christoph , Götschi Tobias , Carrillo Fabio , Fürnstahl Philipp , Schweizer Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt remains unclear to what extent the interosseous membrane (IOM) is affected through the whole range of motion (ROM) in posttraumatic deformities of the forearm. The purpose of this study is to describe the ligament‐ and bone‐related factors involved in rotational deficit of the forearm. Through three‐dimensional (3D) kinematic simulations on one cadaveric forearm, angular deformities of 5° in four directions (flexion, extension, valgus, varus) were produced at two locations of the radius and the ulna (proximal and distal third). The occurrence of bone collision in pronation and the linear length variation of six parts of the IOM through the whole ROM were compared between the 32 types of forearm deformities. Similar patterns could be observed among four groups: 12 types of deformity presented increased bone collision in pronation, 8 presented an improvement of bone collision with an increase of the mean linear lengthening of the IOM in neutral rotation, 6 had an increased linear lengthening of the IOM in supination with nearly unchanged bone collision in pronation and 6 types presented nearly unchanged bone collision in pronation with a shortening of the mean linear length of IOM in supination or neutral rotation. This kinematic analysis provides a better understanding of the ligament‐ and bone‐related factors expected to cause rotational deficit in forearm deformity and may help to refine the surgical indications of patient‐specific corrective osteotomy.
Testing the use of the silica deposition fluorescent probe PDMPO to estimate in situ growth rates of diatoms
Authors: Husmann Eva , Klaas Christine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fluorophore [2‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5{[4‐dimethylaminoethyl‐aminocarbamoyl‐methoxy]phenyl}oxazole], in short PDMPO, is incorporated in newly polymerized silica in diatom frustules and thereby provides a tool to estimate Si uptake, study diatom cell cycles but also determine mortality‐independent abundance‐based species specific‐growth rates in cultures and natural assemblages. In this study, the theoretical framework and applicability of the PDMPO staining technique to estimate diatom species specific‐growth rates were investigated. Three common polar diatom species, Pseudo‐nitzschia subcurvata, Chaetoceros simplex, and Thalassiosira sp., chosen in order to cover a broad range of species specific frustule and life‐cycle characteristics, were incubated over 24 h in control (no PDMPO) and with 0.125 and 0.6 μM PDMPO addition, respectively. Results indicate that specific‐growth rates of the species tested were not affected in both treatments with PDMPO addition. The specific‐growth rate estimates based on the PDMPO staining patterns (μPDMPO) were comparable and more robust than growth rates estimated from the changes in cell concentrations (μcc). This technique also allowed to investigate and highlight the importance of the illumination cycle (light and dark phases) on cell division in diatoms.
Characterization of the gassy sediment layer in shallow water using an acoustical method: Lake Kinneret as a case study
Authors: Katsnelson Boris , Uzhansky Ernst , Lunkov Andrey , Ostrovsky Ilia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRemote characterization and parameterization of gassy sediments have significant environmental importance for quantifying the global methane budget and assessing its impact on climate change. Acoustic techniques that have been developed hold advantages over direct sediment sampling (e.g., using pressurized and frozen cores), as they permit comparatively quick and cost‐effective assessments over the large bottom areas. This paper proposes a non‐invasive acoustic method that allows simultaneous assessments of the free gas content () and the thickness () of a gassy layer in the aquatic surface sediments. The method is based on amplitude measurements and frequency analysis of the bottom reflection coefficient in the wide frequency band (300–3500 Hz). The spatial variability of and in freshwater Lake Kinneret (Israel) is studied, where the upper sedimentary layer is characterized by a high organic matter content, high methane production rates, and a large . The assessed values of and varied from 0.1% to 0.6%, and from 20 to 40 cm, respectively, depending on the location of measurements. These results are in reasonable agreement with gas void fractions measured directly in frozen sediment cores, where the depth‐averaged varied from to . The suggested methodology should have considerable practical implementation for remote spatiotemporal monitoring of shallow gassy sediments in aquatic ecosystems.
Toward High‐Efficiency Ultrahigh Numerical Aperture Freeform Metalens: From Vector Diffraction Theory to Topology Optimization
Authors: Sang Di , Xu Mingfeng , Pu Mingbo , Zhang Fei , Guo Yinghui , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Fu Yunqi , Luo Xiangang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOptical metasurface is a 2D array of subwavelength meta‐atoms that arbitrarily manipulates amplitude, polarization, and wavefront of incident light, offering great advantages in miniaturization and integration. However, the presuppositions hidden in conventional unit‐cell‐based design approach, including discrete phase sampling, local periodicity approximation, and normal response, imply that the responses and interactions of meta‐atoms are almost impossible to be accurately modeled, thus impeding the effective design of high‐efficiency ultrahigh numerical aperture (NA) metalens. Here, based on vector diffraction theory and plane wave expansion method, theoretical limitation of metalens efficiency is comprehensively investigated. It is identified that for high‐NA metalens, theoretical focusing efficiency is limited by diffraction capability of vector field, while evanescent wave attenuation dominates theoretical efficiency decline for ultrahigh‐NA metalens. It is also shown that the efficiency of conventional metalens has a huge gap from theoretical limitation, owing to imperfect diffractive focusing and impedance mismatch reflections. To fill such efficiency gap, the high‐efficiency high‐NA freeform metalens based on topology optimization is further demonstrated. Particularly, topology geometric constraints are utilized to reduce minimum feature size while keeping high efficiency. The results could shed new light on the understanding and design of ultrahigh‐NA metalens and find promising applications in optical imaging, microscopy, and lithography.
Electron ultra‐high dose rate FLASH irradiation study using a clinical linac: Linac modification, dosimetry, and radiobiological outcome
Authors: Xie De‐Huan , Li Yi‐Chuan , Ma Sai , Yang Xin , Lan Ruo‐Ming , Chen Ao‐Qiang , Zhu Hong‐Yu , Mei Yan , Peng Li‐Xia , Li Zuo‐Feng , Huang Bi‐Jun , Chen Yan , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Qian Chao‐Nan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeUltra‐high dose rate FLASH irradiation (FLASH‐IR) has been shown to cause less normal tissue damage compared with conventional irradiation (CONV‐IR), this is known as the “FLASH effect.” It has attracted immense research interest because its underlying mechanism is scarcely known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether FLASH‐IR and CONV‐IR induce differential inflammatory cytokine expression using a modified clinical linac.Materials and methodsAn Elekta Synergy linac was used to deliver 6 MeV CONV‐IR and modified to deliver FLASH‐IR. Female FvB mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: a non‐irradiated control, CONV‐IR, or FLASH‐IR. The FLASH‐IR beam was produced by single pulses repeated manually with a 20‐s interval (Strategy 1), or single‐trigger multiple pulses with a 10 ms interval (Strategy 2). Mice were immobilized in the prone position in a custom‐designed applicator with Gafchromic films positioned under the body. The prescribed doses for the mice were 6 to 18 Gy and verified using Gafchromic films. Cytokine expression of three pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], interferon‐γ [IFN‐γ], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]) and one anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) in serum samples and skin tissue were examined within 1 month post‐IR.ResultsThe modified linac delivered radiation at an intra‐pulse dose rate of around 1 × 106 Gy/s and a dose per pulse over 2 Gy at a source‐to‐surface distance (SSD) of 13 to 15 cm. The achieved dose coverage was 90%–105% of the maximum dose within −20 to 20 mm in the X direction and 95% within −30 to 30 mm in the Y direction. The absolute deviations between the prescribed dose and the actual dose were 2.21%, 6.04%, 2.09%, and 2.73% for 6, 9, 12, and 15 Gy as measured by EBT3 films, respectively; and 4.00%, 4.49%, and 2.30% for 10, 14, and 18 Gy as measured by the EBT XD films, respectively. The reductions in the CONV‐IR versus the FLASH‐IR group were 4.89%, 10.28%, −7.8%, and −22.17% for TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and IL‐10 in the serum on D6, respectively; 37.26%, 67.16%, 56.68%, and −18.95% in the serum on D31, respectively; and 62.67%, 35.65%, 37.75%, and −12.20% for TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and IL‐10 in the skin tissue, respectively.ConclusionsUltra‐high dose rate electron FLASH caused lower pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and skin tissue which might mediate differential tissue damage between FLASH‐IR and CONV‐IR.
Cisco Aquaculture Best Practices: Randomized Experiments from Eggs to Juvenile
Authors: Fischer Gregory J. , Hartleb Christopher , Holmes Kendall , Hansum Chloe , Tintle Nathan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Cisco Coregonus artedi (also known as Lake Herring), a coldwater salmonid found in the Great Lakes, is of interest to multiple agencies for restoration and conservation purposes due to its important ecological role. Further information on rearing and restocking of Cisco is needed, especially toward understanding the biological culture needs of Cisco eggs, larvae, and fingerlings. To address this gap in the literature and to provide essential fish culture information, we performed three preliminary studies in 2010 with Cisco: fertilization (wet versus dry fertilization), egg survival (pre-water-hardening versus post-water-hardening iodine treatment), and fry development (three different larval feed treatments that were commercially available at that time). The dry fertilization methodology (68%) yielded a significantly better eye-up percentage than wet fertilization (34%). Additionally, our testing revealed higher survival rates when iodophor treatment was used on fertilized eggs after water hardening (54%) in comparison with treatment before water hardening (43%). Although mean survival rates across the three diet treatments were not significantly different, larval Cisco that were fed brine shrimp Artemia replacement diets outperformed those fed the other diets, with the INVE Proton diet ranking highest. These early preliminary studies substantially increased the understanding of optimum culture parameters for Cisco in preparation for the widespread production of this important species, and the results provide propagation recommendations for conservation stocking programs.
Statistical characterization of patient response to offered access delays using healthcare transactional data
Authors: Kilinc Derya , Gel Esma S. , Sir Mustafa Y. , Pasupathy Kalyan S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a novel framework to characterize the probability that an offered appointment with k‐days' access delay will be booked and subsequently attended by a patient. We refer to this probability as the “probability of realization” of an offered appointment, and demonstrate how empirical characterizations of this measure can be used to identify improved policies for managing patient demand and enabling the most intentional use of clinical care resources. We consider the estimation problem in the context of new patients looking to establish care at a clinic, and offer a model of patient responses during an appointment scheduling encounter with an agent. We define different cases of data availability and demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework in each case to ensure generalizability. We first demonstrate the accuracy of estimations using simulated data, and then highlight behavioral differences between different patient groups using real‐life transactional data from two clinical departments. Finally, we demonstrate a practical use case for the obtained realization probabilities by showing that they can be reliably used as input to a novel time windows‐based patient prioritization protocol that allows effective management of demand from different classes by explicitly considering wait sensitivities of patients.
Multiphysics mixed finite element method with Nitsche's technique for Stokes‐poroelasticity problem
Authors: Ge Zhihao , Pang Jin'ge , Cao Jiwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we propose a multiphysics mixed finite element method with Nitsche's technique for Stokes‐poroelasticity problem. Firstly, we reformulate the poroelasticity part of the original problem by introducing two pseudo‐pressures to into a “fluid–fluid” coupled problem so that we can use the classical stable finite element pairs to deal with this problem conveniently. Then, we prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solution of the reformulated problem. And we use Nitsche's technique to approximate the coupling condition at the interface to propose a loosely‐coupled time‐stepping method to solve three subproblems at each time step–a Stokes problem, a generalized Stokes problem and a mixed diffusion problem. And the proposed method does not require any restriction on the choice of the discrete approximation spaces on each side of the interface provided that appropriate quadrature methods are adopted. Also, we give the stability analysis and error estimates of the loosely‐coupled time‐stepping method. Finally, we give the numerical tests to show that the proposed numerical method has a good stability and no “locking” phenomenon.
Genomic features of Helicobacter pylori‐naïve diffuse‐type gastric cancer
Authors: Namikawa Ken , Tanaka Norio , Ota Yuki , Takamatsu Manabu , Kosugi Mayuko , Tokai Yoshitaka , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Amino Sayuri , Furuya Rie , Gotoh Osamu , Kaneyasu Tomoko , Nakayama Izuma , Imamura Yu , Noda Tetsuo , Fujisaki Junko , Mori Seiichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (HP) is a major etiologic driver of diffuse‐type gastric cancer (DGC). However, improvements in hygiene have led to an increase in the prevalence of HP‐naïve DGC; that is, DGC that occurs independent of HP. Although multiple genomic cohort studies for gastric cancer have been conducted, including studies for DGC, distinctive genomic differences between HP‐exposed and HP‐naïve DGC remain largely unknown. Here, we employed exome and RNA sequencing with immunohistochemical analyses to perform binary comparisons between 36 HP‐exposed and 27 HP‐naïve DGCs from sporadic, early‐stage, and intramucosal or submucosal tumor samples. Among the samples, 33 HP‐exposed and 17 HP‐naïve samples had been preserved as fresh‐frozen samples. HP infection status was determined using stringent criteria. HP‐exposed DGCs exhibited an increased single nucleotide variant burden (HP‐exposed DGCs; 1.97 [0.48–7.19] and HP‐naïve DGCs; 1.09 [0.38–3.68] per megabase; p = 0.0003) and a higher prevalence of chromosome arm‐level aneuploidies (p < 0.0001). CDH1 was mutated at similar frequencies in both groups, whereas the RHOA–ARHGAP pathway misregulation was exclusive to HP‐exposed DGCs (p = 0.0167). HP‐exposed DGCs showed gains in chromosome arms 8p/8q (p < 0.0001), 7p (p = 0.0035), and 7q (p = 0.0354), and losses in 16q (p = 0.0167). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a higher expression of intestinal markers such as CD10 (p < 0.0001) and CDX2 (p = 0.0002) and a lower expression of the gastric marker, MUC5AC (p = 0.0305) among HP‐exposed DGCs. HP‐naïve DGCs, on the other hand, had a purely gastric marker phenotype. This work reveals that HP‐naïve and HP‐exposed DGCs develop along different molecular pathways, which provide a basis for early detection strategies in high incidence settings. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.