bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tyramide signal amplification coupled with multiple immunolabeling and RNAScopein situ hybridization in formaldehyde‐fixed paraffin‐embedded human fetal brain
Authors: Alzu'bi Ayman , Sankar Niveditha , Crosier Moira , Kerwin Janet , Clowry Gavin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral strategies have been recently introduced to improve the practicality of multiple immunolabeling and RNA in situ hybridization protocols. Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) is a powerful method used to improve the detection sensitivity of immunohistochemistry. RNAScope is a novel commercially available in situ hybridization assay for the detection of RNA expression. In this work, we describe the use of TSA and RNAScope in situ hybridization as extremely sensitive and specific methods for the evaluation of protein and RNA expression in formaldehyde‐fixed paraffin‐embedded human fetal brain sections. These two techniques, when properly optimized, were highly compatible with routine formaldehyde‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue that preserves the best morphological characteristics of delicate fetal brain samples, enabling an unparalleled ability to simultaneously visualize the expression of multiple protein and mRNA of genes that are sparsely expressed in the human fetal telencephalon.
Argan oil as a pretreatment of human hair before exposure to oxidative damage: Attenuated total reflectance and protein loss studies
Authors: Sharifi Negin , Hamedeyazdan Sanaz , Shokri Javad , Monajjemzadeh Farnaz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, argan oil has gained increasing interest in hair care products. In this study, attenuated total reflectance technique was utilized as a fast method and the results were compared to protein loss measurements in order to show the preventive effect of argan oil pre‐treatment on excised human hair after oxidative hair damage.MethodsHair tresses were divided into three groups: in group‐1; they were damaged using oxidant agent solely, in group‐2 and 3; hair were pre‐treated with argan oil before undergoing the oxidative damage. In group‐2, the oil was removed by physical cleaning but in group‐3 the oil was removed with a washing procedure. ATR (attenuated total reflectance) spectrum was recorded for different samples. Quantitative studies of protein loss in hair samples were performed by Lowry method. The antioxidant properties of argan oil were also measured in vitro using 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) protocol, which determined the ability of the oil to scavenge the DPPH free radicals.ResultsThe amount of protein loss with oil pre‐treated groups was reduced significantly. The ATR spectrum showed oil deposition on hair even after washing. Four distinctive ATR peaks were changed during oxidation. The changes in peak height values were linear. The antioxidant property measured with DPPH method led to a IC50 value of 59 µg/ml.ConclusionArgan oil pre‐treatment was effective in protecting hair against oxidative damage. ATR outcomes were in accordance with protein loss results. In this study, the ATR testing method as a fast technique was used efficiently in quantification of hair damage.
The potential of ethnographic drama in the representation, interpretation, and democratization of sociolinguistic research
Authors: Blackledge Adrian , Creese Angela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the affordances of an approach to the representation, interpretation, and democratization of sociolinguistic research, which utilizes the tools and methods of the theatre. Taking as an example a team ethnographic research project conducted across four cities in the UK, we discuss the process of creating drama from material observed as social practice. Drawing on observations in a welfare advice centre in a Chinese community centre, and a city‐based volleyball team, we propose that theatre techniques enable audiences and academic researchers to see communicative encounters in a new light. We propose that ethnographic drama offers three opportunities in particular: (i) it has the potential to make available outcomes of research beyond the academy; (ii) it has the potential to discover understandings of ethnographic material which remain latent in accounts that do not involve performance; and (iii) it has the capacity to democratize voice, privileging the voices of research participants rather than those of academic researchers. Ethnographic drama thus offers considerable potential in the representation, interpretation, and democratization of sociolinguistic research.
Cytomegalovirus infection in a single‐centre Australian neonatal cohort
Authors: Seneviratne Maheesha , Fernando Malindu E , Kandasamy Yogavijayan , White Andrew , Sabesan Vanaja , Norton Robert 
Published: February 2022

AimCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation, non‐genetic sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental sequelae in childhood. The primary aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify the birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates diagnosed with symptomatic and asymptomatic cCMV in a large regional tertiary referral hospital.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of laboratory‐based cCMV diagnoses in neonates born at a single study centre between January 2005 and January 2020. Audit of medical records was undertaken to evaluate maternal characteristics, symptom patterns, radiological and neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates meeting the laboratory diagnostic criteria during the first 24 months.ResultsThere were 45 neonates with proven CMV infection and 27 mothers with proven infection with an associated pregnancy outcome. Nineteen neonates were born at term (>37 weeks). Of these, 32 (71.1%) neonates had a significant intercurrent comorbidity and 22 (48.9%) neonates were reported to have a degree of delay in one or more developmental domains. A large proportion (77.3%) of the symptomatic untreated neonates had an unknown history of maternal infection compared to the asymptomatic (10.0%) and symptomatic treated (53.8%) neonates (P = 0.001).ConclusionUp to half of the neonates with cCMV were at risk of developing a degree of developmental delay at our centre. Whether these outcomes are related primarily to CMV infection or are confounded by the co‐existence of prematurity is unclear and needs further evaluation in prospective studies.
Broadband internet subscription rates and opioid prescribing via telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Oyler Douglas R. , Slavova Svetla , Freeman Patricia R. , Huang Zhengyan , Talbert Jeffery , Walsh Sharon L. , Westgate Philip M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeIn response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the US DEA allowed controlled substance prescriptions to be issued following a telemedicine encounter. This study evaluated changes in opioid prescribing in Kentucky counties with low and high rates of broadband subscription before, during, and after a series of statewide emergency declarations that may have affected health care access.MethodsThe study used the prescription drug monitoring program to analyze records of opioid analgesic prescriptions dispensed to opioid‐naïve individuals in high (N = 26) and low (N = 94) broadband access counties during 3 periods: before a state of emergency (SOE) and executive order (EO) limiting nonemergent health care services (January 2019‐February 2020), while the EO was active (March‐April 2020), and after health care services began reopening (May‐December 2020). Marginal generalized estimating equations‐type negative binomial models were fit to compare prescription counts by broadband access over the 3 periods.FindingsRates of opioid dispensing to opioid‐naïve individuals decreased significantly during the EO, but increased nearly to pre‐SOE levels after health care services began reopening. Dispensing rates in low broadband counties were higher than those in high broadband counties during all time periods, although these differences were negligible after adjusting for potential confounders. During the EO, prescriptions were written for longer days’ supply in both county types.ConclusionsThe overall dramatic reduction in opioid prescribing rates should be considered when evaluating annual opioid prescribing trends. However, broadband subscription rate did not appear to influence opioid prescriptions dispensed in Kentucky during the EO.
Association between periodic limb movements during sleep and neuroimaging features of cerebral small vessel disease: A preliminary cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ouyang Fubing , Wang Meng , Liao Mengshi , Lan Linfan , Liu Xiaolu , Li Hao , Mo Rong , Shi Lin , Fan Yuhua 
Published: February 2022

SummaryEvidence on the relationship between periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) and cerebral small vessel disease is lacking. This study aimed to assess the association between the PLMS index and the neuroimaging features of cerebral small vessel disease on magnetic resonance imaging. Consecutive patients diagnosed with cerebral small vessel disease were enrolled. Data on the clinical characteristics, polysomnography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were collected. The Accubrain software was used to calculate automatically the volume of white matter hyperintensities, the number of lacunar infarctions, and cerebral microbleeds. The severity of white matter hyperintensities, enlarged basal ganglia perivascular spaces, and the total cerebral small vessel disease scores were also rated visually using semiquantitative scales. The severity of PLMS was measured using the PLMS index, and the patients were divided into two groups using an established cut‐off value of ≥15 per hour. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between PLMS and the neuroimaging features of cerebral small vessel disease. In total, 37 patients were included in the final analyses. The mean age was 66.49 ± 11.31 years, and 73.0% were males. The mean PLMS index was 19.30 ± 10.18. In univariate analyses, it was found that patients with cerebral small vessel disease with a PLMS index ≥15 had increased enlarged basal ganglia perivascular spaces (OR 6.136, 95%CI 1.101–34.214) and increased total cerebral small vessel disease scores (OR 6.0, 95%CI 1.253–28.742). Only the association between the PLMS index and the total cerebral small vessel disease burden score remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, and the presence of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In conclusion, an elevated PLMS index is likely to be associated with a greater cerebral small vessel disease burden. PLMS might be a novel potential marker of cerebral small vessel disease.
Euro Area Periphery Countries' Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy Surprises*
Authors: Hülsewig Oliver , Rottmann Horst 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe estimate local projections to explore how fiscal policy in euro area periphery countries responds to monetary policy shocks that lower sovereign bond yields. In particular, we assess whether the disciplining effect of financial markets on public finances is undermined by the ability of monetary policy to affect the conditions of external funds. We find that the fiscal balance, on average, improves in response to monetary policy surprises that bring down yields on sovereign bonds.
Blameworthiness, Control, and ConsciousnessOr A Consciousness Requirement and an Argument For It
Authors: Hatcher Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractI first clarify the idea that blameworthiness requires consciousness as the view that one can be blameworthy only for what is a response to a reason of which one is conscious. Next I develop the following argument: blameworthiness requires exercising control in a way distinctive of persons and doing this, in view of what it is to be a person, requires responding to a reason of which one is conscious. Then I defend this argument from an objection inspired by Arpaly and Schroeder according to which responding to moral reasons suffices for exercising control distinctive of persons.
Neural correlates of unpredictable Stop and non‐Stop cues in overt and imagined execution
Authors: González‐Villar Alberto , Galdo‐Álvarez Santiago , Carrillo‐de‐la‐Peña María T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ability to inhibit incorrect behaviors is crucial for survival. In real contexts, cues that require stopping usually appear intermixed with indications to continue the ongoing action. However, in the classical Stop‐signal task (SST), the unpredictable stimuli are always signals that require inhibition. To understand the neural mechanisms activated by low‐probability nonstop cues, we recorded the electroencephalography from 23 young volunteers while they performed a modified SST where the unpredictable stimuli could be either Stop or confirmatory Go signals (CGo). To isolate the influence of motor output, the SST was performed during overt and covert execution. We found that, paradoxically, CGo stimuli activated motor inhibition processes, and evoked patterns of brain activity similar to those obtained after Stop signals (N2/P3 event‐related potentials and midfrontal theta power increase), though in lesser magnitude. These patterns were also observed during the imagined performance. Finally, applying machine learning procedures, we found that the brain activity evoked after CGo versus Stop signals can be classified above chance during both, overt and imagined execution. Our results provide evidence that unpredictable signals cause motor inhibition even when they require to continue an ongoing action.
A framework for spatial regionalization composed of novel clustering‐based algorithms under spatial contiguity constraints
Authors: Miranda Leandro , Viterbo José , Bernardini Flávia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraditionally, the geospatial regionalization task consists of aggregating into regions, geographically connected areas that share similar characteristics. Although various spatial optimization approaches have been proposed for finding exact regionalization solutions, these approaches are not practical when applied to a large number of areas or problems for online aggregation, due to the long execution times using hardware with low resources. In this article, we present a framework for executing spatial regionalization tasks. The pre‐condition for using our framework is the definition of a map describing the neighborhood relations—as spatial contiguity constraints—among the areas (or objects) to be regionalized. In our framework we implemented three clustering algorithms with spatial contiguity constraints: RegK‐Means and Agglomerative Hierarchical Regionalization (AHR), our adaptation of k‐means partition‐based clustering and hierarchical‐based clustering algorithms, respectively; and the Automatic Zoning Procedure (AZP), a traditional algorithm for regionalization that also has the premise of simplifying the neighborhood relation representation. We conducted an exploratory analysis composed of two different experiments. Our results showed that our framework leads to a faster way of executing regionalization tasks in the experimental analysis, allowing us to observe a significant gain of AHR and RegK‐Means over AZP in execution time, while showing better or similar results in other metrics, such as figure of merit.
Diagnostic accuracy of cytology for the detection of bacterial infection in fluid samples from veterinary patients
Authors: Allen Brittany A. , Evans Samantha J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBacterial sepsis is a relatively common, life‐threatening condition with a high case fatality rate. The current primary diagnostic tools for detecting bacterial infection in fluids are bacterial culture and fluid cytology. While culture is the gold standard, it can take up to several days for results to be made available to clinicians, which can delay recognition of bacterial sepsis and negatively impact patient outcomes.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytology for detecting bacterial infection in body fluids.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 10 years of medical records at the Ohio State University's Veterinary Medical Center for mammalian patients with both cytology and bacterial culture of fluid samples, including body cavity fluids (abdominal and thoracic effusion), blood, joint fluid, and CSF. The overall sensitivity and specificity of cytology relative to the reference method of bacterial culture was recorded, as well as among the subcategories of fluid type.ResultsThe overall sensitivity and specificity of cytology for the diagnosis of sepsis were 42.6% and 93.0%, respectively. Individual sensitivities and specificities were also calculated for each fluid type. Thoracic fluid cytology had relatively high sensitivity and low specificity, in contrast to the other fluid types analyzed.ConclusionsOverall, cytology is poorly sensitive but highly specific for the detection of bacterial infection in fluid samples. The results from this study will allow a better comparison between the diagnostic accuracy of cytology and emerging diagnostic tests for the detection of bacterial sepsis in mammalian patients.
SCIENCE AND SPECIFICITY: INTERDISCIPLINARY TEACHING BETWEEN THEOLOGY, RELIGION, AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Davison Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConsideration of the work of natural scientists by theologians extends the innate interdisciplinarity of theological study. Here, I focus on interdisciplinarity as it bears upon undergraduate and postgraduate education and supervision. Much research in theology and science today asks how some more specific area of science bears upon some specific aspect of theology, in contrast to earlier attention to methodology, and how theology‐as‐such might relate to science‐as‐such. This paradigm, described as “Science‐Engaged Theology,” is showing itself in teaching, with both benefits (capturing the imagination of students) and challenges (the work of learning about the details of scientific research). Criticisms raised about Science‐Engaged Theology in research also suggest goals for education. These include encouraging students to ask whether science does bear upon their theological topic, after all, and the suggestion that a move beyond methodology should not leave the theologian uncritical of the theological freight associated with the assumptions and paradigms that shape natural science, either explicitly or implicitly.
Real-time continuous measurement of lactate through a minimally invasive microneedle patch: a phase I clinical study
Authors: Ming Damien K , Jangam Saylee , Gowers Sally A N , Wilson Richard , Freeman David M E , Boutelle Martyn G , Cass Anthony E G , O’Hare Danny , Holmes Alison H 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDetermination of blood lactate levels supports decision-making in a range of medical conditions. Invasive blood-sampling and laboratory access are often required, and measurements provide a static profile at each instance. We conducted a phase I clinical study validating performance of a microneedle patch for minimally invasive, continuous lactate measurement in healthy volunteers.MethodsFive healthy adult participants wore a solid microneedle biosensor patch on their forearms and undertook aerobic exercise for 30 min. The microneedle biosensor quantifies lactate concentrations in interstitial fluid within the dermis continuously and in real-time. Outputs were captured as sensor current and compared with lactate concentrations from venous blood and microdialysis.ResultsThe biosensor was well-tolerated. Participants generated a median peak venous lactate of 9.25 mmol/L (IQR 6.73–10.71). Microdialysate concentrations of lactate closely correlated with blood. Microneedle biosensor current followed venous lactate concentrations and dynamics, with good agreement seen in all participants. There was an estimated lag-time of 5 min (IQR −4 to 11 min) between microneedle and blood lactate measurements.ConclusionThis study provides first-in-human data on use of a minimally invasive microneedle patch for continuous lactate measurement, providing dynamic monitoring. This low-cost platform offers distinct advantages to frequent blood sampling in a wide range of clinical settings, especially where access to laboratory services is limited or blood sampling is infeasible. Implementation of this technology in healthcare settings could support personalised decision-making in a variety of hospital and community settings.Trial registration numberNCT04238611.
First use of Simulation in Therapeutic Patient Education (S-TPE) in adults with diabetes: a pilot study
Authors: Pennecot Christelle , Luu Maxime , Marchand Claire , Gagnayre Rémi , Dechannes Nathalie , Rudoni Sabine , Hilaire Anne-Marie , Demongeot Aurore , Capelle Delphine , Bardou Marc 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo pilot test the feasibility and acceptability of Simulation in Therapeutic Patient Education (S-TPE), in both adult patients with diabetes and educators.ConceptionAdult patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and who participated in a full TPE programme for the implementation of a FreeStyle were included in this monocentric pilot study. S-TPE intervention was based on a consensus conference determining the conditions and objectives of S-TPE. Main outcomes were the patients’ and educators’ perception of the usefulness of S-TPE and the patient’s satisfaction level at the conclusion of the simulation sequence, measured on validated scales. Secondary outcomes were organisational, human, material and temporal, facilitating and limiting factors for patients and educators, patient self-efficacy and anxiety scores.InterventionsThe final session of TPE used the simulation. For each group, one patient volunteered to be the simulated patient. Intervention was divided into three steps: (1) a pre-briefing, (2) a simulation of hypoglycaemia and (3) a debriefing with the group of patients and educators. The whole intervention lasted about 2 hours.ResultsWe included 23 patients (mean age ±SD 63±15 years, 14 men) and 3 educators. After S-TPE intervention, patients’ and educators’ perceived usefulness score were 20.6/25 and 37.5/40, respectively. Patient’s satisfaction score was 51.9/60. Qualitative analysis revealed no limiting factors to implementing S-TPE. Self-efficacy was stable. Decrease in anxiety score after S-TPE reached statistical significance in women (from 35.1±4.5 to 32.7±5.5, p=0.04) but not in men.ConclusionNo limiting factors that could prevent the conduct of clinical trials to assess S-TPE efficacy in patients with diabetes were identified. S-TPE appears as a promising technique to improve diabetes management.Trial registration numberRegistration N°: 2019-A00773-54 and NTC: 03956927.