bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure‐Response Model With Time‐Varying Predictors to Estimate the Effects of Veliparib in Combination With Carboplatin/Paclitaxel and as Monotherapy: Veliparib Phase 3 Study in BRCA‐Mutated Advanced Breast Cancer (BROCADE3) Trial
Authors: Stodtmann Sven , Eckert Doerthe , Joshi Rujuta , Nuthalapati Silpa , Ratajczak Christine K. , Menon Rajeev , Mensing Sven , Xiong Hao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBRCA‐Mutated Advanced Breast Cancer (BROCADE3) is a phase 3 study, evaluating veliparib in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel with continuation as monotherapy if carboplatin/paclitaxel is discontinued in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation‐associated, advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer. The objective of the current analysis was to characterize the veliparib exposure‐response relationships for efficacy (progression‐free survival [PFS]) and safety in this study. Exposure‐efficacy analyses of PFS were conducted using Kaplan‐Meier plots and cox proportional hazards (CPH) models using treatment alone or both treatment and exposure as time‐dependent predictors to estimate the effect of veliparib in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel and as monotherapy. The cox proportional hazards model with only treatment as the time‐varying predictor estimated a statistically significant benefit of veliparib monotherapy compared to placebo monotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.33‐0.73) and a modest, non–statistically significant benefit (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95%CI, 0.62‐1.05) of adding veliparib to carboplatin/paclitaxel. Inclusion of exposure as an additional time‐varying predictor in the cox proportional hazards model indicated a flat exposure‐response relationship between the veliparib exposure and PFS when veliparib was administered in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel or as monotherapy. The exposure‐safety analysis did not reveal any meaningful exposure‐dependent trend in the incidence of adverse events of interest. These analyses support the dose regimen of veliparib (120 mg twice daily) in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel and continuation of veliparib (300‐400 mg twice daily) as monotherapy if carboplatin/paclitaxel were discontinued before disease progression in this patient population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with a registration ID: NCT02163694.
Developing diagnostic skills from preclinical dental education: Caries detection and assessment using e‐learning assisted practice
Authors: Escobar Alfonso , Rojas‐Gualdrón Diego F. , Velez Luis F. , Santos‐Pinto Lourdes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of developing visual diagnostic skills for detecting and assessing dental caries using e‐learning assisted practice in preclinical dental education.MethodsA one‐group before and after the study was conducted. After a theoretical lesson on cariology, 53 inexperienced second‐year preclinical students assessed 78 clinical photographs using the Nyvad criteria; they received automated feedback upon completion of the test. After a week, all students reassessed the same set of photographs, which were randomly reordered. Differential diagnostic accuracy was analyzed category‐pairwise, and overall accuracy measures were based on the receiver operator curve. Diagnostic accuracy in both attempts was evaluated and compared through estimation and pooling of individual student accuracies.ResultsPooled category‐pairwise accuracy was lower for discriminating Sound surface from Non‐cavitated‐active caries, and for discriminating inactive caries (surface discontinuity) from intact surface inactive caries and Cavitated‐active caries. Pooled overall accuracy, after the theoretical lesson, was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.81), and it increased to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) after feedback. Between‐student variability in accuracy was reduced from I2 = 0.66 to 0.55.ConclusionE‐learning assisted practice is a feasible alternative to start developing visual diagnostic skills for detecting and assessing dental caries using the Nyvad criteria from preclinical dental education in cariology. However, further studies are required to evaluate its effectiveness in improving real‐world practice knowledge and skills.
Uncertainties in projections of climate extremes indices in South America via Bayesian inference
Authors: Gouveia Carolina Daniel , Rodrigues Torres Roger , Marengo José Antônio , Avila‐Diaz Alvaro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHistorical simulations and projections of climate extremes indices of precipitation and temperature were analysed over South America until the end of the 21st century through 31 general circulation models (GCMs) under four Representative Concentration Pathways. Simulations were compared with reanalysis data, and a Bayesian inference method was used to assess the uncertainties involved in the multi‐model climate projections. Regarding the precipitation extremes indices, the GCMs' simulations reasonably approached the reanalysis data, but with heterogeneous biases, both in sign and in the location of the highest values. The temperature extremes indices presented the smallest biases when compared to precipitation. Projections show a gradual growth of precipitation extremes events as the analysed radiative forcing scenario increases, both in magnitude and extent, over a large part of South America. Projections also indicate a decrease in cold days and nights and an increase in warm days and nights, more pronounced in the equatorial region. Bayesian inference method smoothed changes in precipitation extremes events, both in magnitude and extent, compared to the simple GCMs' ensemble mean. There was no considerable variation in the temperature indices when applying the Bayesian inference. Finally, the probability density functions resulted in a predominance of multimodal and wide curves for the precipitation indices, showing great uncertainties in the GCMs' results, differently from those for the temperature indices, where the GCMs presented good agreement represented through unimodal and narrow curves.
Current situation of biogenic amines in Rioja Alavesa red wines: A technical study
Authors: Diez‐Ozaeta Iñaki , Lavilla María , Amárita Félix 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Rioja Alavesa, a worldwide recognised wine region, it has been identified a lack of data about the situation of biogenic amines in its wines. Due to the relevance of the topic and the interest of regional wine stakeholders002C it was determined the situation of biogenic amines levels on 70 commercial red wines from Rioja Alavesa region.ResultsThe most abundant was putrescine (15.12 ± 8.31 mg/L) followed by histamine (4.60 ± 2.60 mg/L), tyramine (3.19 ± 2.51 mg/L) and cadaverine (2.19 ± 2.25 mg/L), respectively. The absence of significant differences between different types of wines (young, “crianza” and “reserva” wines) indicated that biogenic amines production occurred mainly during fermentation processes and not ageing period.ConclusionAlthough the situation was not considered alarming, it is still necessary to keep working in order to reduce biogenic amines levels to minimum. Any strategy aimed at reducing biogenic amines levels will increase the competitiveness of Rioja Alavesa red wines in global market by giving them added value.
Factors associated with returns of snowy owls to airports following translocation
Authors: McCabe Rebecca A. , Wiebe Karen L. , Therrien Jean‐François , Gauthier Gilles , Smith Norman E. , Weidensaul C. Scott , Brinker David F. , Allard Maxime , Skelling Marilou G. , Molina Pierre , Fuller Mark R. , Bates Kirk K. , Elliott Kyle H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman‐dominated environments often include ecological traps for wildlife, such as airports that may be perceived as suitable habitat by grassland birds but reduce fitness because of collisions with aircraft. Birds of prey are often attracted to airports where collisions with aircraft (i.e., bird strikes) are usually fatal for the birds and are a significant threat to flight safety. The snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) is known for its nomadism, exhibiting unpredictable and highly variable movements during the nonbreeding season, including being a common visitor to airports, which often have high small‐mammal populations and mimic flat, open habitats used naturally by owls. Since 2009, the Federal Aviation Administration reported an average of 22 snowy owl deaths annually due to aircraft collisions throughout 55 North American airports. To aid in active management of owls at airports, we assessed relocation data of 42 telemetry‐tracked snowy owls from 2000–2020 in the United States and Canada. Owls that returned to the airport after relocation (33%) frequently crisscrossed and perched near runways where they were at risk of strikes. Adult females and immature males were more likely to return than the other sex and age classes, and returns were less likely to occur as the distance between the release site and the airport increased. Owls relocated in open habitats with a greater proportion of wetland and cropland (including grasslands and pasture) land cover classes were also less likely to return. We conclude that inclusion of multiple factors to limit return rates of relocated snowy owls from airport facilities can unspring the ecological trap presented by airports to these owls.
The compound annual growth rate of the fibrosis‐4 index in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Liu Ta‐Wei , Huang Chung‐Feng , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with low disease activity are at risk of liver fibrosis. The age‐adjusted fibrosis‐4 index (FIB4‐AA), developed in our previous publication, and was implemented to evaluate the tendency of liver fibrosis in these patients. We aimed to investigate the rate of liver fibrosis in CHB patients with low disease activity. Resuming our previous study, the FIB‐4 changes of 244 antiviral treatment‐naïve CHB patients, with a total of 1243.48 person‐years, were reviewed. Among the cohort, patients were categorized as FIB4‐AA positive or negative according to the results of their last FIB4‐AA minus their initial FIB‐4 during at least 18 months of observation time. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of FIB‐4 was calculated for the FIB4‐AA positive and negative groups. The assumed healthy controls had an FIB‐4 CAGR calculated to be 2.34% for both men and women, while the FIB‐4 CAGR of the whole study cohort was 2.84% ± 6.01%. FIB4‐AA positive effectively identifies CHB patients with higher mean FIB‐4 CAGR (7.11% ± 3.88% vs. −2.36% ± 3.52%, p < 0.0001). Overweight CHB patients had 10 times smaller mean FIB‐4 CAGR than lean ones (0.38% ± 10.35% vs. 3.83% ± 8.88%, p = 0.009). An increase in FIB4‐AA over at least 18 months in CHB patients with relatively low disease activity meant they were at greater risk of liver fibrosis, and these patients had a mean FIB‐4 CAGR of 7.11%. The FIB‐4 CAGR was compatible with the findings of previous studies on the collagen proportionate area in viral hepatitis patients.
Antecedents of telecommuting in emerging countries: The role of knowledge complexity
Authors: Dávila Guillermo Antonio , Poleza Mariângela , Varvakis Gregório 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research investigated the role of knowledge complexity and the individual, organisational, and technological determinants in telecommuting in an emerging economy. A sample of 452 Brazilian workers was surveyed, and PLS‐SEM was used for analysing the data. The results suggest that knowledge complexity matters, and its joint effect together with task interdependence has a negative impact on telecommuting performance. It was also found that technology‐based communication skills are more important for enhancing both telecommuting performance and satisfaction than the technology itself. Furthermore, it was found that telecommuting outcomes may be affected by demographic variables and the national culture. Identification of the antecedents of telecommuting in emerging countries helps managers to adapt their business models and work arrangements to achieve firm sustainability and respond to a complex socio‐economic landscape generated by the coronavirus crisis.
Toward High‐Quality Laser‐Driven Lightings: Chromaticity‐Tunable Phosphor‐in‐Glass Film with “Phosphor Pattern” Design
Authors: Huang Qiugui , Sui Ping , Huang Feng , Lin Hang , Wang Bo , Lin Shisheng , Wang Pengfei , Xu Ju , Cheng Yao , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐quality laser‐driven lightings require not only high luminous flux (LF) but also uniform spectral distribution. Herein, the green‐emitting Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ (LuAG:Ce) and red‐emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN:Eu) commercial phosphor powders with high‐performance are fabricated into phosphor‐in‐glass film (PiGF) sintered on sapphire plate, and further served as a motor‐driven rotatory “phosphor wheel” to receive pumping of blue laser in a reflective excitation light path. The greatly relieved thermal pressure, benefited from the high‐thermal‐conductivity sapphire substrate and the pulse‐like rotatory excitation mode, efficiently retards the occurrence of luminescence saturation. Remarkably, the photon reabsorption phenomenon in the conventional “phosphor mixture” design is well solved by introducing a smart “phosphor pattern” design, free of causing inhomogeneous angular color distribution at the same time. The constructed LuAG:Ce PiGF‐based lighting source yields high brightness of 2970 lm@21 W mm−2, and the constructed LuAG:Ce PiGF‐CASN:Eu PiGF‐based lighting source yields luminosity‐chromaticity balanced white light with LF higher than 1000 lm and color rendering index of 80–90.
Cross‐Linking of Biobased Monofunctional Furan Epoxy Monomer by Two Steps Process, UV Irradiation and Thermal Treatment
Authors: Pezzana Lorenzo , Melilli Giuseppe , Guigo Nathanael , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas , Sangermano Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmong the new generation of green polymers, furan monomers are occupying a strategic role to produce both innovative biobased thermoplastic and thermoset. Herein, furfuryl glycidyl ether (FGE) is used as monomer to design two steps cured coating. Linear polymer chains are first produced by means of cationic UV technique. The UV reactivity of FGE is assessed by real‐time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Then, a thermal treatment is carried out to crosslink the UV‐irradiated linear chains. The formation of cross‐links is proven by means of different techniques. ATR‐FTIR shows the development of new chemical bonds by the appearance of new bands. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirms the cross‐link reaction by the presence of exothermic peaks and the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis reveals an increase of the Tg as direct consequence of cross‐links formation. Moreover, the %gel analysis confirms the formation of highly insoluble fraction after the cross‐linking.
Real‐time imaging of respiratory effects on cerebrospinal fluid flow in small diameter passageways
Authors: Töger Johannes , Andersen Mads , Haglund Olle , Kylkilahti Tekla Maria , Lundgaard Iben , Markenroth Bloch Karin 
Published: April 2022

PurposeRespiration‐related CSF flow through the cerebral aqueduct may be useful for elucidating physiology and pathophysiology of the glymphatic system, which has been proposed as a mechanism of brain waste clearance. Therefore, we aimed to (1) develop a real‐time (CSF) flow imaging method with high spatial and sufficient temporal resolution to capture respiratory effects, (2) validate the method in a phantom setup and numerical simulations, and (3) apply the method in vivo and quantify its repeatability and correlation with different respiratory conditions.MethodsA golden‐angle radial flow sequence (reconstructed temporal resolution 168 ms, spatial resolution 0.6 mm) was implemented on a 7T MRI scanner and reconstructed using compressed sensing. A phantom setup mimicked simultaneous cardiac and respiratory flow oscillations. The effect of temporal resolution and vessel diameter was investigated numerically. Healthy volunteers (n = 10) were scanned at four different respiratory conditions, including repeat scans.ResultsPhantom data show that the developed sequence accurately quantifies respiratory oscillations (ratio real‐time/reference QR = 0.96 ± 0.02), but underestimates the rapid cardiac oscillations (ratio QC = 0.46 ± 0.14). Simulations suggest that QC can be improved by increasing temporal resolution. In vivo repeatability was moderate to very strong for cranial and caudal flow (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.55–0.99) and weak to strong for net flow (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.48–0.90). Net flow was influenced by respiratory condition (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe presented real‐time flow MRI method can quantify respiratory‐related variations of CSF flow in the cerebral aqueduct, but it underestimates rapid cardiac oscillations. In vivo, the method showed good repeatability and a relationship between flow and respiration.
Combining navigator and optical prospective motion correction for high‐quality 500 μm resolution quantitative multi‐parameter mapping at 7T
Authors: Vaculčiaková Lenka , Podranski Kornelius , Edwards Luke J. , Ocal Dilek , Veale Thomas , Fox Nick C. , Haak Rainer , Ehses Philipp , Callaghan Martina F. , Pine Kerrin J. , Weiskopf Nikolaus 
Published: April 2022

PurposeHigh‐resolution quantitative multi‐parameter mapping shows promise for non‐invasively characterizing human brain microstructure but is limited by physiological artifacts. We implemented corrections for rigid head movement and respiration‐related B0‐fluctuations and evaluated them in healthy volunteers and dementia patients.MethodsCamera‐based optical prospective motion correction (PMC) and FID navigator correction were implemented in a gradient and RF‐spoiled multi‐echo 3D gradient echo sequence for mapping proton density (PD), longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) and effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*). We studied their effectiveness separately and in concert in young volunteers and then evaluated the navigator correction (NAVcor) with PMC in a group of elderly volunteers and dementia patients. We used spatial homogeneity within white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) and scan‐rescan measures as quality metrics.ResultsNAVcor and PMC reduced artifacts and improved the homogeneity and reproducibility of parameter maps. In elderly participants, NAVcor improved scan‐rescan reproducibility of parameter maps (coefficient of variation decreased by 14.7% and 11.9% within WM and GM respectively). Spurious inhomogeneities within WM were reduced more in the elderly than in the young cohort (by 9% vs. 2%). PMC increased regional GM/WM contrast and was especially important in the elderly cohort, which moved twice as much as the young cohort. We did not find a significant interaction between the two corrections.ConclusionNavigator correction and PMC significantly improved the quality of PD, R1, and R2* maps, particularly in less compliant elderly volunteers and dementia patients.
A new design approach for thermal actuators based on topology optimization with stress constraints
Authors: Ogawa Shun , Yamada Takayuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new approach for the design of thermal actuators using topology optimization. For the designs based on topology optimization, compliant mechanisms are required to have flexible, stiff, and sustained structures. To achieve this, conventional methods usually consider multiloading problems or use spring elements. In this work, a method that only considers one load case and does not use spring elements was developed by introducing an objective function that combines evaluation functions that provide necessary features for the actuators. This way, a structure with the same deformation mode of real phenomena could be derived with a low computational cost and without spring elements. In addition, the stress constraints on the thermal stress, which have not been widely discussed so far, were applied to show the structure with the considered strength characteristics. The study subject is topology optimization of an isotropic thermo‐elastic model considering a thermo‐mechanical problem. Finally, numerical examples for multiple conditions were performed to show that the proposed method can derive the desired optimal structure.
Outcome of retinoblastoma treatment protocol in Cameroon as per SIOP‐PODC recommendation for a low‐income setting
Authors: Kruger Mariana , van Elsland Sabine L. , Afungchwi Glenn M. , Bardin Richard , Njodzeka Bernard , Kouya Francine , Nfor Patience , Nana Philippa , Wharin Paul , Hesseling Peter B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe International Society of Paediatric Oncology‐Paediatric Oncology in Developing Countries (SIOP‐PODC) group recommended graduated‐intensity retinoblastoma treatment for children in low‐ and middle‐income countries with limited local resources.AimThe aim was to improve outcome of children with retinoblastoma by means of a treatment protocol for low‐income settings as recommended by the SIOP‐PODC recommendation in Cameroon.MethodsChildren diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 2012 and 2016 were treated in two Baptist Mission hospitals in Cameroon, staging according to the International Retinoblastoma Staging System. Treatment included local therapy and combination chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) with or without surgery as per SIOP‐PODC guidelines for low‐income countries. Endpoint was survival at 24 months. Kaplan–Meier curves with log‐rank (Mantel–Cox) chi‐square (χ2) with respective p‐values were prepared.ResultsEighty‐two children were included, of whom 79.3% had unilateral disease. The majority were males (61.0%) with median age 24 months (range 1–112 months; standard deviation [SD] 19). Limited disease was diagnosed in 58.5%, metastatic disease in 35.4%, and unknown stage in 6.1%. Overall survival (OS) was 50.0% at 24 months post diagnosis, but 68.8% for limited disease. Estimated cumulative survival at 24 months was 0.528 (standard error [SE] 0.056). Causes of death included disease progression/relapses (60.5%), neutropenic sepsis (15.9%), unknown causes (18.4%), unrelated infection (2.6%), and death post surgery (2.6%). Stage was significantly associated with OS (p < .001).ConclusionStage was the most significant factor for good OS and demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of the SIOP‐PODC‐proposed management guidelines for retinoblastoma in a lower middle‐income setting.