bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Soil Properties and 1D Nonlinear Site Response Analysis: A Case Study of Arifiye (Sakarya Discrit) Turkey
Authors: Silahtar Ali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The strong ground motion effect is amplified or de-amplified due to the change in subsoil condition. Local soil properties prediction is critical for earthquake-safe areas and the earthquake hazard assessment of existing structures. This study was carried out with time-domain 1D Non-linear analysis to understand the soil response characteristics of the Arifiye district. In this sense, geotechnical drilling at 47 points and surface wave analysis at 44 points were performed. Site response profiles in the study area were analyzed with the DeepSoil program for Mw:7.0 1967 Mudurnu and Mw:7.4 1999 Kocaeli earthquake scenarios. Peak spectral acceleration (Pga) and spectral acceleration (Sa) values were determined in the analysis of the Mudunu scenario as 0,11-0,24 g and 0,44-1 g, respectively. The Kocaeli scenario's Pga and Sa distribution were obtained in a wide range of 0.2-0.56 g and 0.47-2.3 g, respectively, compared to the Mudurnu scenario. Especially in the Mw:7.4 model, high Pga (>0.3g) and Sa (>1g) values were obtained in the uncemented units located north of the study area. Kocaeli scenario results showed that the spectral accelerations at the surface in soil groups D and E were higher than the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC) building requirements, and it is necessary to update the earthquake design spectra site-specific. On the other hand, it can be said that the southwest of the study area is safer and more suitable residential versus throughout the study area. The results clearly showed the effect of ground conditions and strong ground motion selection on earthquake-resistant building design.
Precipitation and soil microbial community influence plant response to warming and N addition in a desert steppe
Authors: Zhu Yi , Han Guodong , Yu Kailiang , Bisselling Ton , Cheng Xu , Wu Qian , Zhao Mengli , Wilkes Andreas , Ren Haiyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aims
Global environmental changes are known to affect terrestrial ecosystems. However, how plants and soil microorganisms respond to warming and nitrogen deposition in a desert steppe with strong seasonal drought remains largely unexplored.
Methods
Based on a 13-year manipulative field experiment, we investigated the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil microbial communities and plant net photosynthetic rates during two hydrologically contrasting months (6 mm in June and 106 mm in July) in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia.
Results
We found that in the wet month, warming and nitrogen (N) addition significantly increased soil microbial biomass. Warming and N addition significantly increased soil inorganic N and increased leaf N concentration, thus promoting the net photosynthetic rate of Stipa breviflora. Moreover, warming and N addition significantly shifted soil microbial composition with an increase in soil bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and reduced fungal PLFAs. The increased soil inorganic N indirectly increased leaf N and plant photosynthesis by soil microbial composition. These changes were not significant in the dry month.
Conclusions
Our study indicates that warming and N addition can promote plant photosynthesis by increasing soil N availability and changing the structure of the soil microbial community. These changes only occurred when there was sufficient precipitation. These results highlight the crucial role of soil water availability and the soil microbial community in influencing plant responses to global change drivers (e.g., warming and N addition).
Experimental Investigation of E-beam Effect on Electric Field Distribution in Cross-Linked Polyethylene/ZnO Nanocomposites for Medium-Voltage Cables Simulated Using COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Sharshir A. I. , Fayek S. A. , El-Gawad Amal. F. Abd , Farahat M. A. , Ismail M. I. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the electric field distribution of underground cable insulation in cross-linked polyethylene/zinc oxide (XLPE/ZnO) NPs for medium-voltage (MV) cables. The ZnO NPs that were obtained by three methods of preparation were classified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained ZnO NPs were semi-spheres with sizes of 35–55 nm on TEM images. XLPE/ZnO films with various ZnO NP weight contents (i.e., 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) were exposed to varied dosages of 3-MeV electron beam (i.e., 0 kGy, 15 kGy, 20 kGy, and 25 kGy). The optimum film XLPE/5-ZnO, which has ZnO NP content (5 wt%), irradiated at 25 kGy, according to alternating current (AC)/DC conductivity (AC: 1 × 10−4 S/m; DC: 12.44 × 10−2 S/m) in minimum relative permittivity (2.24), was obtained. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the electric field distribution within an MV cable of 25-kGy XLPE/5-ZnO insulation. The maximum uniform electric field was found in the middle of the 25-kGy XLPE/5-ZnO film sample, rather than at the top or bottom, which might be attributed to the significantly low relative permittivity of the new 25-kGy XLPE/5-ZnO film cable.
Volatile and Phenolic Compounds In The Resistance of The Melon to The Vegetable Leafminer, Liriomyza Sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Vasconcelos Jéssica Fontes , Dias-Pini Nivia , SARAIVA WENNER VINICIUS ARAÚJO , FARIAS LUCAS DE LIMA , RIBEIRO PAULO RICELI VASCONCELOS , MELO JOSÉ WAGNER DA SILVA , RODRIGUES TIGRESSA HELENA SOARES , MACEDO VITOR HUGO MAUES 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether volatile compounds released by melon genotypes interfere in the attractiveness and repellency of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and to characterise the phenolic compounds of melon genotypes, as well as the antibiotic action of these compounds on L. sativae. Through experiments, it was shown that the volatiles of the melon genotypes CNPH 06-1047-343, CNPH 06-1047-333 and CNPH 06-1047-341 showed little attractiveness to L. sativae, while the volatiles of the Goldex commercial hybrid were more attractive. By analysing the volatile profiles, it was possible to identify the compounds acetic acid, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, α-pinene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-ocimene, linalool, allo-ocimene and neo-allo-ocimene. The CNPH 06-1047-343, CNPH 06-1047-333 and CNPH 06-1047-341 melon genotypes show resistant characteristics due to the non-preference of L. sativae because of the smaller number of volatiles and the higher concentration of acetic acid in their volatile composition. The phenolic compounds characterised were hydroxybenzoic-hexoside acid, ferulic acid and trihydroxy-octadecadienoic acid. The CNPH 06-1047-333 and CNPH 06-1047-341 melon genotypes presented, respectively, the highest and lowest levels of total phenolics, but there was no difference in the larval or pupal viability of L. sativae, indicating a lack of any relationship between total phenols and antibiotic resistance of the melon genotypes to L. sativae. In general, based on the analysis of volatile and phenolic compounds, the CNPH 06-1047-343, CNPH 06-1047-333 and CNPH 06-1047-341 genotypes are less attractive to L. sativae than the commercial hybrid genotypes (Goldex).
Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Without Overt Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Çoksevim Metin , Çerik İdris Bugra , Yenerçağ Mustafa , Kocasarı Ahmet Onur , Yavuzbilge Gökhan , Polat Musa , Meriç Murat , Özgen Metin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple clinical conditions and complicate most systemic diseases. Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), represents the leading cause of connective tissue disease (CTD) associated with PAH. Although SSc is a rare disease, it is associated with higher morbidity and early mortality than other rheumatological diseases due to developing SSc-associated interstitial pulmonary disease (ILD) and/or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The impact of the early diagnosis on the prognosis is evident. In this context, in our study, we aimed to investigate the early changes in pulmonary vascular bed by measuring pulmonary arterial stiffness (PAS) in SSc patients without overt PAH. Sixty-two SSc patients and fifty-eight gender and age-matched, healthy subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study. SSc patients were evaluated in terms of disease duration and severity. Modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) was calculated as disease severity index. Echocardiographic parameters were assessed and compared to the control group. Right Ventricular (RV) diameters, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), and right ventricle myocardial performance index (RV-MPI) were significantly higher in the SSc group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular fractional area change (RV-FAC) were significantly lower in the SSc group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). PAS value (25.5 ± 9.2 kHz/ms vs. 18.1 ± 7.4 kHz/ms, p <0.001) was significantly higher in the SSc group than in the control group. A statistically significant positive correlation relationship was detected between the PAS value and CRP, ESR, disease duration, mRSS. According to these results, in SSc patients, PAS as an inexpensive and easily applicable echocardiographic method might serve as a marker of early detection of PAH.
Assessing the Impact of Gestational Age of Donors on the Efficacy of Amniotic Epithelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Yawno Tamara , Zhu Dandan , Krause Mirja , Kusuma Gina , Schwab Renate , Barabadi Mehri , Maleken Amina S , Chan Siow , Hunt Rod , Greening David , Wallace Euan , Lim Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and rationale: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a potential cell-free regenerative medicine. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are a viable source of cell therapy for diseases like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, little is known about the impact of gestational age of the donor on the quality of hAEC-derived EVs. Aims: To determine the impact of gestational age on hAEC-derived EVs in experimental BPD. Results: Term hAEC-derived EVs displayed a significantly higher density of surface epitopes (CD142 and CD133) and induced greater macrophage phagocytosis compared to preterm hAEC-EVs. However, T cell proliferation was more significantly suppressed by preterm hAEC-EVs. Using a model of experimental BPD, we observed that term but not preterm hAEC-EVs improved tissue-to-airspace ratio and septal crest density. While both term and preterm hAEC-EVs reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines on postnatal day 7, the improvement of lung injury was associated with increased type II alveolar cells which was only observed in term hAEC-EV treatment group. Furthermore, only neonatal term hAEC-EVs reduced airway hyper-responsiveness, mitigated pulmonary hypertension and protected against right ventricular hypertrophy at 6 weeks of age.Conclusion: Term hAEC-EVs, but not preterm hAEC-EVs, have therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of BPD-like lung injury. Therefore, the impact of donor criteria should be considered when applying perinatal cells derived EV therapy for clinical use.
Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Product, 2-Hydroxy Glutarate, Activates MutT Homolog 1 in Glioma Cells via Augmentation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Bhavya Bharathan , Anand CR , Urulangodi Madhusoodhanan , K Sreelakshmi , AN Deepti , Menon Girish R , K Krishnakumar , HV Easwer , G SRINIVAS 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
MutT Homolog1 (MTH1) is an enzyme responsible for removing oxidized nucleotides from cells. Activation of MTH1 is reported in many cancer cells and is thought to be responsible for imparting resistance towards anticancer drugs. While there are several mechanisms for the activation of MTH1 in cancer cells, this study aimed to evaluate the role of mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase1 (mIDH1) - mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the activation of MutT Homolog1 in glioma cells. MTH1 was found to be upregulated in both mIDH1 expressed and 2- HG treated cells. mIDH1 and its product, 2-HG, increased the ROS levels in the cultured glioblastoma cells. Further, increased expression and activity of MTH1 was observed in glioma tissues harboring mIDH1 compared to tissues with wild-type IDH1. Our study unveils a novel mechanism of activation of MTH1 in cells harboring mutant IDH1.
Assessment of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose in Dindigul taluk, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Sundararaj Premkumar , Chidambaram Sashik Kumar Madurai , Sivakumar Vivek , Natarajan Logesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Groundwater samples of Dindigul taluk at the interior part of Tamilnadu, India were evaluated for groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose. Positive correlation of EC with most of the parameters suggests that salinity plays a vital role in the enrichment of other parameters. Comparing with the post-monsoon the samples from the pre-monsoon exhibit less quality but are suitable for drinking purpose except in a few locations. Almost all the samples come under the standard values and are suitable for drinking as well as irrigation purpose. The TH and TDS values imply that the samples are hard to very hard type mostly during the pre-monsoon period. Few samples in the evaporation zone of Gibbs plot suggests the contamination of groundwater through surface processes such as irrigation return flow and some other anthropogenic impacts like domestic sewage disposal. Overall, the samples are suitable for irrigation purpose with an exception that samples with medium salinity and high sodium content were not suitable for irrigation purpose in any type of soils.
Effects of Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloys prepared by different cooling methods on ordered structure and mechanical properties
Authors: Xuan Dongpo , Zhou Cheng , Zhou You , Jiang Tianliang , Zhu Biji , Fan Wenhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The non-oriented Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy cast strip with a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 1.7 mm was prepared by the top side-pouring twin-roll casting (TSTRC) process. The surface quality of the air-cooled and water-cooled cast strip was good. Compared with the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy ingot, the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy cast strip has a relatively fine solidification structure and exhibits certain plasticity at room temperature. Microhardness, XRD, and TEM investigated the ordered structure and degree of Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloys prepared by three different cooling methods. The results show that the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy ingot prepared by the standard method has many B2 ordered phases and DO3 ordered phases, and the order degree is high. The Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy cast strip prepared by the TSTRC process has a low degree of order and only contains a small B2 ordered phase. The faster cooling rate effectively inhibits the formation of the DO3 ordered phase and B2 ordered phase. The growth of the ordered phase also reduces the reverse domain boundary energy, reduces the motion resistance of superdislocations, and increases its mobility, thereby improving the room temperature plasticity of Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy cast strips.
STAT3 And PD-L1 Are Negatively Regulated By ATM And Impact On The Prognosis Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients With Low ATM Expression
Authors: Song Yuan-Ming , Qian Xiao-Long , Xia Xiao-Qing , Li Ya-Qing , Sun Yuan-Yuan , Jia Yu-Mian , Wang Jin , Xue Hui-Qin , Gao Guang-Shen , Wang Xiao-Zi , Zhang Xin-Min , Guo Xiao-Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its aggressive behaviors and lacking of effective treatment. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor has just been approved for using in the management of advanced TNBC. To accurately screen TNBC sensitive to anti-PD-L1 treatment and to explore the feasibility of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutation protein (ATM) inhibitor combined with PD-L1 inhibitor, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, we focus on whether ATM participates in the regulation of PD-L1 and affects the prognosis of patients through c-Src, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1&3 (STAT1 and STAT3).Materials and methods: We used immunohistochemical staining to explore the relationship of ATM with c-Src, STAT1, STAT3, PD-1 / PD-L1, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), as well as other clinicopathologic features in 86 pathological stage Ⅲ TNBCs. Their impact on prognosis was also explored. Results: We found ATM expression was negatively correlated with STAT1, STAT3, PD-L1, TILs and CD8 cells in TNBC. STAT1 up-regulates the expression of PD-L1. Only in TNBC with ATM low expression, PD-L1 was an independent negative prognostic factor, while STAT3 was an independent prognostic factor for improved prognosis. Again, only in low ATM group, the phosphorylation of tyrosine at position 419 of c-Src (p-c-src Y419) induced overexpression of STAT3.Conclusion: TNBC with low ATM expression is more likely to benefit from anti-PD-L1 inhibitors. The feasibility of ATM functional inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint blockade therapies in the treatment of TNBC is also worthy of further exploration. Our study suggests that STAT3 has different impacts on tumor progression in different tumors.
Proton Beam Therapy for Unresectable Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Park SungChul , Terashima Kazuki , Suga Masaki , Takahashi Daiki , Matsuo Yoshiro , Sulaiman Nor Shazrina , Demizu Yusuke , Tokumaru Sunao , Furukawa Kyoji , Okimoto Tomoaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The outcomes of chemotherapy for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) are unsatisfactory, and photon therapy for unresectable PHC reportedly results in improved outcomes. Proton beam therapy (PBT) can be a treatment option for these patients; however, the role of PBT in these patients is poorly defined as PHC is rare. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of PBT for unresectable PHC.Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study conducted at a single institution included patients with unresectable PHC who received definitive PBT. Patients who had nodal metastasis at presentation or those who underwent surgery or other radiation therapies before PBT were excluded. To compare different dose fractionations, biologically equivalent doses with α/β=10 [BED10] were calculated.Results: Overall, 26 patients were eligible. The commonly prescribed doses were 67.5 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) in 25 fractions or 70.2 Gy (RBE) in 26 fractions. The median follow-up period was 19.4 months (range, 4.2-137.4 months). The Kaplan–Meier estimates of the 1-, 2-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 72.9%, 47.7%, and 17.4%, respectively, and the median survival time was 23.7 months. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that Child–Pugh classification B was a significant prognostic factor for unfavorable OS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.92; p=0.009) and that a mean gross tumor volume dose of ≥79.2 Gy (RBE) [BED10] was a significant prognostic factor for favorable OS (HR 0.19; p=0.025). Grade ≥3 late adverse events were observed in seven patients (26.9%).Conclusions: We demonstrated that definitive PBT for patients with unresectable PHC might improve the prognosis. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to validate our findings.
Diabetes after pregnancy - a long-term follow-up in women with normal OGTT
Authors: Dubietyte Greta , Lauszus Finn Friis , Gulbech Arense Vinding , Kaiser Karsten , Nielsen Michael Festersen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose. Our aim was a follow-up off a cohort of women screened for GDM with normal oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy, to investigate the incidence and time of diagnosis of manifest diabetes mellitus and to identify the risk factors for later development of diabetes.Methods. A follow-up study of a cohort with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 1991/1992. Of the original 352 only five women were lost to follow up.Results. In total 64 women (18%) had manifest diabetes with median age of 57 years after 28 years of follow-up. This amounts to three times the expected rate compared to the background population. The rate of manifest diabetes rises 10 - 20 years after pregnancy and after the age of 40. A normal fasting glucose at OGTT as well as borderline OGTT during pregnancy were associated with risk of manifest diabetes (p<0.001), also after adjustment for age, BMI, non-Danish origin and smoking during pregnancy (p<0.002).Conclusion. The incidence of diabetes is higher in women with various risk factors for DM and a previous normal OGTT in pregnancy compared to the background incidence. On this background our results are useful in identifying the time where women may benefit from the effective implementation of evidence-based treatment to postpone and advert manifest DM, even though they had a normal OGTT during pregnancy.
An Investigation Into the Knowledge, Attitude and Predictors of Safe Abortion Among Female Students in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mutinta Given 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Safe abortions are performed throughout the world. In South Africa, abortion is legal but over half of abortions remain unsafe and there is a dearth of studies on safe abortion among students. The aim of this study was to investigate into the knowledge, attitude, and predictors of safe abortion among female students in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. MethodsThe study was guided by a cross-sectional research design and underpinned by quantitative methodology. A self-administered questionnaires was used to collect data from female students selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data was analysed using SPSS version 24, and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association of dependent and independent variables.ResultsData was collected from 1266 female students with the response rate of more than 100%. The study found that 866 (68.5%) of the students had good knowledge about safe abortion. Having ever heard about safe abortion (AOR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.89, 10.84), older age (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.17, 7.29), family education (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.33, 7.07), and urban habitation (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.36) were predictors of students’ knowledge of safe abortion. Findings show that 722 (57%) of students had favourable attitude towards safe abortion. Staying in an urban area (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.22), and age (AOR = 6.59, 95% CI: 2.72, 11.22) were found to be significant predictors of students’ attitude towards safe abortion. ConclusionThe study revealed that half of the students had good knowledge and attitude towards safe abortion while a significant proportion had poor knowledge and unfavourable attitude. Findings show that having ever heard about abortion, residence, age of students, and family education were predictors of knowledge on safe abortion. In addition, age and residents were predictors of students’ attitude towards abortion. There is need for health communication and education programmes to address the subject of safe abortion among students. Health communication and education programmes should target students from rural areas and employ age-specific programmes. Government should provide youth-friendly reproductive services to the rural areas of South Africa.