bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf litter breakdown along an elevational gradient in Australian alpine streams
Authors: Werry Lloyd P. , Bundschuh Mirco , Mitrovic Simon M. , Lim Richard P. , Kefford Ben J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe breakdown of allochthonous organic matter, is a central step in nutrient cycling in stream ecosystems. There is concern that increased temperatures from climate change will alter the breakdown rate of organic matter, with important consequences for the ecosystem functioning of alpine streams. This study investigated the rate of leaf litter breakdown and how temperature and other factors such as microbial and invertebrate activities influenced this over elevational and temporal gradients. Dried leaves of Snow Gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) and cotton strips were deployed in coarse (6 mm), and fine (50 μm) mesh size bags along an 820 m elevation gradient. Loss of mass in leaf litter and cotton tensile strength per day (k per day), fungal biomass measured as ergosterol concentration, invertebrate colonization of leaf litter, and benthic organic matter (mass and composition) were determined. Both microbial and macroinvertebrate activities were equally important in leaf litter breakdown with the abundance of shredder invertebrate taxa. The overall leaf litter breakdown rate and loss of tensile strength in cotton strips (both k per day) were greater during warmer deployment periods and at lower elevations, with significant positive relationships between mean water temperature and leaf breakdown and loss of tensile strength rate, but no differences between sites, after accounting for the effects of temperature. Despite considerably lower amounts of benthic organic matter in streams above the tree line relative to those below, shredders were present in coarse mesh bags at all sites. Ergosterol concentration was greater on leaves in coarse mesh bags than in fine mesh bags, implying differences in the microbial communities. The importance of water temperatures on the rate of leaf litter breakdown suggests the potential effects of climate change‐induced temperature increases on ecological processes in such streams.
Heart rate control with landiolol hydrochloride in infants with ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Schroeder Lukas , Monno Paulina , Unger Martin , Ackerl Jakob , Shatilova Olga , Schmitt Joachim , Dresbach Till , Mueller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsSinus tachycardia potentially leads to a deterioration of cardiac function in critically ill infants. The ultrashort‐acting beta‐blocker landiolol hydrochloride is a new pharmacological option for a selective heart rate (HR) control in patients with sinus tachycardia and heart failure.Methods and resultsThis study was a monocentric retrospective medical chart review study at the University Children's Hospital Bonn (Germany) from 01 January 2018 until 30 June 2020. This study included a cohort of 62 term and preterm infants with a diagnosis of ventricular dysfunction and/or pulmonary hypertension (PH), in combination with preexisting tachycardia and treatment with landiolol hydrochloride. Infants were allocated to subgroups according to weeks of gestational age (GA): born at <35 weeks of GA (Group A) and born at >35 weeks of GA (Group B). Tachycardia was defined depending on GA (<35 weeks of GA: >170 b.p.m.;
35 weeks of GA: >150 b.p.m.). The primary endpoint was defined as percentage of patients achieving HR normalization during the first 24 h of landiolol treatment. Twenty‐nine infants were allocated to Group A and 33 infants to Group B. The overall median GA of the infants was 35.3 (23.3/41.3), with 53% female infants. The primary endpoint was achieved in 57 patients (91.9%). The median time to reach target HR was 1.8 (0.3–24) h. The median starting dose of landiolol was 8.8 (3.9–25.3) μk/kg/min, with a median dosing during the first 24 h of landiolol treatment of 9.9 (2.8–35.4) μk/kg/min. The median landiolol dose while achieving the target HR was 10 (2.4–44.4) μk/kg/min. The right ventricular dysfunction improved significantly in both groups 24 h after onset of landiolol infusion (P = 0.001 in Group A and P = 0.045 in Group B). The left ventricular and biventricular dysfunction improved significantly 24 h after onset of landiolol infusion in infants of Group B (P = 0.004 and P = 0.006, respectively). The severity of PH improved significantly after 24 h in infants of Group A (P < 0.001). During landiolol treatment, no severe drug‐related adverse event was noted.ConclusionsThe use of landiolol hydrochloride for HR control of non‐arrhythmic tachycardia in critically ill infants is well tolerated. Reduction of HR can be guided quickly and landiolol treatment is associated with an improvement of ventricular dysfunction and PH.
Kinetic and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution by Dual Catalysis
Authors: Thejashree Gangavara L. , Doris Eric , Gravel Edmond , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKinetic resolution is one of the most common methods to access enantiomerically enriched compounds. In this method, the resolution is based on the existing difference in reaction rates of the two enantiomers with a chiral catalyst. In the dynamic kinetic resolution, the less reactive enantiomer is racemized and the racemic mixture is further resolved, leading eventually to complete transformation to an enantioenriched compound. This review summarizes the dual catalytic strategies (i. e., modular combinations of distinct catalysts) that have been applied to kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution. We focus upon the role of the two catalysts, the compatibility between them, and the practical benefits.
Virtual surgical planning for maxillary reconstruction with the scapular free flap: An evaluation of a simple cutting guide design
Authors: Tran Khanh Linh , Kwon Jae Young , Gui Xi Yao , Wang Edward , Yang David , Durham James Scott , Prisman Eitan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe study's objective is to assess the feasibility and utility of VSP for maxillary reconstruction with the scapular free flap.MethodsAn open‐source VSP platform was used to create the reconstruction models and simple guides. Clinical, operative, and postoperative data were collected.ResultsTen patients in the VSP cohort and 18 in the non‐VSP control cohort were included in the study. There was a significant reduction in operative time (256.0 ± 69.4 vs. 448.1 ± 108.2 min, p < 0.01), tracheotomy rate (20% vs. 72%, p < 0.01), increased two‐team utilization rate (80% vs. 0%, p < 0.01) and better reconstructive accuracy (7.5 ± 3.4 vs. 11.7 ± 7.6 mm, p = 0.048) for the VSP cohort.ConclusionsMaxillary reconstruction planned with an in‐house open‐source VSP platform and accompanied simple guides can facilitate a two‐team approach, reduce operative time, and improve structural accuracy. This open‐source technology has great potential to be readily applied in other institutions to improve efficiency and outcomes.
Risk factors, thromboembolic events, and clinical course of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation among COVID‐19 hospitalized patients: A multicenter cross‐sectional analysis in Iran
Authors: Rahimi Fatemeh Sadat , Afaghi Siamak , Tarki Farzad Esmaeili , Omran Hossein Salehi , Nasirpour Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWe focused on determining the risk factors, thromboembolic events, and clinical course of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation (NOAF) among hospitalized coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) patients.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in the major referral centers in Tehran, Iran. Of 1764 patients enrolled in the study from January 2020 until July 2021, 147 had NOAF, and 1617 had normal sinus rhythm. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions were employed accordingly to evaluate NOAF risk factors. The statistical assessments have been run utilizing SPSS 25.0 (SPSS) or R 3.6.3 software.ResultsFor the NOAF patients, the age was significantly higher, and the more prevalent comorbidities were metabolic syndrome, heart failure (HF), peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and liver cirrhosis. The multivariate analysis showed the established independent risk factors were; Troponin‐I (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89−7.87; p < 0.001), HF (HR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.61−4.02; p < 0.001), bilateral grand‐glass opacification (HR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.68−3.05; p = 0.002). For cases with thromboembolic events, NOAF was the most important prognostic factor (odds ratio [OR] = 2.97; 95% CI = 2.03−4.33; p < 0.001). While evaluating the diagnostic ability of prognostic factors in detecting NOAF, Troponin‐I (Area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85), C‐Reactive Protein (AUC = 0.72), and
d‐dimer (AUC = 0.65) had the most accurate sensitivity. Furthermore, the Kaplan‐Meier curves demonstrated that the survival rates diminished more steeply for patients with NOAF history.ConclusionIn hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with NOAF, the risk of thromboembolic events, hospital stay, and fatality are significantly higher. The established risk factors showed that patients with older age, higher inflammation states, and more severe clinical conditions based on CHADS2VASC‐score potentially need subsequent preventive strategies. Appropriate prophylactic anticoagulants, Initial management of cytokine storm, sufficient oxygen support, and reducing viral shedding could be of assistance in such patients.
Women's mental health and climate change Part II: Socioeconomic stresses of climate change and eco‐anxiety for women and their children
Authors: Rothschild Julia , Haase Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change is a significant public health crisis that is both rooted in pre‐existing inequitable socioeconomic and racial systems and will further worsen these social injustices. In the face of acute and slow‐moving natural disasters, women, and particularly women of color, will be more susceptible to gender‐based violence, displacement, and other socioeconomic stressors, all of which have adverse mental health outcomes. Among the social consequences of climate change, eco‐anxiety resulting from these negative impacts is also increasingly a significant factor in family planning and reproductive justice, as well as disruptions of the feminine connection to nature that numerous cultures historically and currently honor. This narrative review will discuss these sociologic factors and also touch on ways that practitioners can become involved in climate‐related advocacy for the physical and mental well‐being of their patients.
Over two decades of research on the marine RNA virosphere
Authors: Liao Meng‐en , Xie Yunyi , Shi Mang , Cui Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRNA viruses (realm: Riboviria), including RNA phages and eukaryote‐infecting RNA viruses, are essential components of marine ecosystems. A large number of marine RNA viruses have been discovered in the last two decades because of the rapid development of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Indeed, the combination of NGS and state‐of‐the‐art meta‐omics methods (viromics, the study of all viruses in a specific environment) has led to a fundamental understanding of the taxonomy and genetic diversity of RNA viruses in the sea, suggesting the complex ecological roles played by RNA viruses in this complex ecosystem. Furthermore, comparisons of viromes in the context of highly variable marine niches reveal the biogeographic patterns and ecological impact of marine RNA viruses, whose role in global ecology is becoming increasingly clearer. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the global marine RNA virosphere and outline the taxonomic hierarchy of RNA viruses with a specific focus on their ancient evolutionary history. We also review the development of methodology and the major progress resulting from its applications in RNA viromics. The aim of this review is not only to provide an in‐depth understanding of multifaceted aspects of marine RNA viruses, but to offer future perspectives on developing a better methodology for discovery, and exploring the evolutionary origin and major ecological significance of marine RNA virosphere.
Profiles of participation in school bullying: Association with student well‐being
Authors: Kim Isak , Lee Hye Yeon , Hong Jun Sung , Carney JoLynn V. , Hazler Richard J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the bullying participation profiles in relation to the demographic variables (sex, grade, and ethnicity), and to further investigate the associations between the profiles and student well‐being indicators. A final sample for analyses consisted of 725 elementary school children (fourth to sixth grades). Four latent profiles were identified through the latent profile analysis: bullying passive bystanding (8.00%), victimized active defending (8.41%), uninvolved passive bystanding (21.24%), and uninvolved active defending (62.35%). Significant group differences were found in key variables representing student well‐being, that is, school connectedness and life satisfaction, across the four latent profiles. Children in the uninvolved active defending were found to have the highest levels of student well‐being. Only sex had a significant association with the profiles of demographic variables, with boys more likely to belong to the bullying passive bystanding profile than girls. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
MiR‐199a‐5p promotes ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death responding to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury via inhibiting Akt/eNOSsignaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Yong , Gao Ying , Guo Xin‐Ying , Wang Guo‐Hong , Guo Cai‐Xia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with the poor outcome and higher mortality after myocardial infarction. Recent studies have revealed that miR‐199a‐5p participates in the process of myocardial I/R injury, but the precise roles and molecular mechanisms of miR‐199a‐5p in myocardial I/R injury remain not well‐studied. Ferroptosis has been proposed to promote cardiomyocyte death, closely associated with myocardial I/R injury. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the function and mechanisms by which miR‐199a‐5p regulates whether miR‐199a‐5p contributes to ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death responding to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, an in vitro model of myocardial I/R injury focusing on Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. The results found that ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death occurs and is accompanied by an increase in miR‐199a‐5p level in OGD/R‐treated H9c2 cells. MiR‐199a‐5p inhibitor ameliorated ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death as evidenced by the increased cell viability, the reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+contents, and the up‐regulated glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio as well as glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) protein expression in H9c2 cells‐exposed to OGD/R, while miR‐199a‐5p mimic had the opposite effects. In addition, OGD/R led to the inhibition of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, which was also blocked by miR‐199a‐5p inhibitor and aggravated by miR‐199a‐5p mimic. Furthermore, LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, abrogated miR‐199a‐5p inhibitor‐induced the reduction of ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death. In summary, our findings demonstrated that miR‐199a‐5p plays a central role in stimulating ferroptosis‐induced cardiomyocyte death during ischemic/hypoxic injury via inhibiting Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
Cochlear Implants for Single‐Sided Deafness: Quality of Life, Daily Usage, and Duration of Deafness
Authors: Lindquist Nathan R. , Holder Jourdan T. , Patro Ankita , Cass Nathan D. , Tawfik Kareem O. , O'Malley Matthew R. , Bennett Marc L. , Haynes David S. , Gifford René H. , Perkins Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo report our experience for adults undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) for single‐sided deafness (SSD).MethodsThis is a retrospective case series for adults with SSD who underwent CI between January 2013 and May 2021 at our institution. CNC and AzBio speech recognition scores, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12), datalogging, and the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL)‐10 Global measure were utilized.ResultsSixty‐six adults underwent CI for SSD (median 51.3 years, range 20.0–74.3 years), and 57 (86.4%) remained device users at last follow‐up. Compared to pre‐operative performance, device users demonstrated significant improvement in speech recognition scores and achieved peak performance at six months post‐activation for CNC (8.0% increased to 45.6%, p < 0.0001) and AzBio in quiet (12.2% increased to 59.5%, p < 0.0001). THI was decreased at 6 months post‐implantation (58.1–14.6, p < 0.0001), with 77% of patients reporting improved or resolved tinnitus. Patients demonstrated improved SSQ12 scores as well as the disease‐specific CIQOL‐10 Global questionnaire. Duration of deafness was not associated with significant differences in speech recognition performance. Average daily wear time was positively associated with CNC and AzBio scores as well as post‐operative CIQOL‐10 scores.ConclusionsHerein we present the largest cohort of adult CI recipients with SSD with data on speech recognition scores, tinnitus measures, and SSQ12. Novel insights regarding the correlation of datalogging, duration of deafness, and CI‐specific quality of life (CIQOL‐10) metrics are discussed. Data continue to support CI as an efficacious treatment option for SSD.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:2362–2370, 2023
Effect of socioeconomic status on wait times for patients undergoing treatment for laryngeal conditions in a universal healthcare system
Authors: de Champlain Katie , Sunba Saud , Beveridge Shari , Andreassen Meri , Bosch Doug , Randall Derrick R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesAs one of the world's only fully publicly administered, universal healthcare systems, Canada intends to provide equitable access to services for all patients. Socioeconomic status (SES) can affect treatment wait times with implications on health outcomes; however, this has not been evaluated in the setting of laryngeal disease, which incorporates urgent and elective conditions, in a universal healthcare system. This study aims to identify whether SES‐affected treatment wait times for laryngeal therapies in this system.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on a cohort of patients with laryngeal disease at an academic, tertiary center who underwent laryngeal surgery over a three‐year period. Data retrieved through medical records; surgical and voice therapy wait times were normalized to each practitioner's average wait time for respective diagnostic categories. Income was used to assess SES and was derived from Statistics Canada census information based on patient postal codes.ResultsData analysis identified 578 patients (59% male). Mean wait time to surgery for all conditions was 123.5 (95% confidence interval 113.1–133.9) days. Analysis of variance analysis found no difference in wait times between different SES groups (p = .28), regardless of laryngeal disease category. Patients with cancer or airway obstruction had shorter wait times compared with benign conditions (p < .0001).ConclusionsSES did not affect treatment wait times for laryngeal therapies in a universal healthcare system. Wait times were shorter for oncologic and obstructive conditions compared with benign conditions, reflecting an ability to accommodate clinical needs without impacting care access at the detriment of different SES statuses.Level of Evidence4
A Novel PolyHIPE‐like Catalyst for Esterification Reactions: on the Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(styrene‐co‐n‐acylglycerol) and its Use for Efficient Conversion of Oleic Acid to Methyl Oleate
Authors: Jensen Alan Thyago , Gambetta Rossano , Machado Fabricio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current work describes the synthesis of a new polyHIPE‐like sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐n‐acylglycerol) and its use as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst to convert oleic acid into methyl oleate in esterification reactions. This new environmentally friendly polymer incorporates n‐acylglycerol macromonomer as a versatile strategy for glycerol valorization. Macroporous micrometric polymer particles are synthesized through suspension polymerization process without using porogenic agents. polyHIPE‐like copolymers formed with different feed compositions of styrene and n‐acylglycerol are chemically modified via sulfonation reactions to form a highly efficient catalyst for esterification of oleic acid to methyl oleate, exhibiting conversions lying in the interval from 52% to 96%, depending mainly on the amount of n‐acylglycerol macromonomer into the copolymer chains. The experimental results indicate the great potential of this new heterogeneous catalyst based on modified poly(styrene‐co‐n‐acylglycerol) to be successfully employed in esterification reactions of vegetable oils intended for the production of long chain alkyl esters of carboxylic acids, widely used as biofuels.
Time‐encoded pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling: Increasing SNR in ASL dynamic angiography
Authors: Woods Joseph G. , Schauman S. Sophie , Chiew Mark , Chappell Michael A. , Okell Thomas W. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeDynamic angiography using arterial spin labeling (ASL) can provide detailed hemodynamic information. However, the long time‐resolved readouts require small flip angles to preserve ASL signal for later timepoints, limiting SNR. By using time‐encoded ASL to generate temporal information, the readout can be shortened. Here, the SNR improvements from using larger flip angles, made possible by the shorter readout, are quantitatively investigated.MethodsThe SNR of a conventional protocol with nine Look‐Locker readouts and a 4 3 time‐encoded protocol with three Look‐Locker readouts (giving nine matched timepoints) were compared using simulations and in vivo data. Both protocols were compared using readouts with constant flip angles (CFAs) and variable flip angles (VFAs), where the VFA scheme was designed to produce a consistent ASL signal across readouts. Optimization of the background suppression to minimize physiological noise across readouts was also explored.ResultsThe time‐encoded protocol increased in vivo SNR by 103% and 96% when using CFAs or VFAs, respectively. Use of VFAs improved SNR compared with CFAs by 25% and 21% for the conventional and time‐encoded protocols, respectively. The VFA scheme also removed signal discontinuities in the time‐encoded data. Preliminary data suggest that optimizing the background suppression could improve in vivo SNR by a further 16%.ConclusionsTime encoding can be used to generate additional temporal information in ASL angiography. This enables the use of larger flip angles, which can double the SNR compared with a non‐time‐encoded protocol. The shortened time‐encoded readout can also lead to improved background suppression, reducing physiological noise and further improving SNR.