bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2019–2020 volcanic eruption of Late’iki (Metis Shoal), Tonga
Authors: Yeo I. A. , McIntosh I. M. , Bryan S. E. , Tani K. , Dunbabin M. , Metz D. , Collins P. C. , Stone K. , Manu M. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLate’iki (previously known as Metis Shoal) is a highly active volcano in the Tofua arc with at least four temporary island-building eruptions and one submarine eruption in the last 55 years. The most recent eruption, commencing in October 2019, resulted in lava effusion and subsequent phreatic explosions, the construction of a short-lived island that was quickly eroded by wave action and possibly further phreatic activity that continued into January 2020. The two-pyroxene dacite from the 2019 eruption is similar to the 1967/8 eruptions suggesting the magma is residual from earlier eruptions and has not undergone further differentiation in the last 50 years. New observations of the 2019 eruption site confirm the lava-dominant character of the volcano summit but a thin veneer of wave-reworked, finely fragmented lava material remains that is interpreted to have been produced by phreatic explosions from hot rock-water interactions during the effusive eruption. A notable absence of quench-fragmented hyaloclastite breccias suggests that non-explosive quench fragmentation processes were minimal at these shallow depths or that hyaloclastite debris has resedimented to greater depths beyond our summit survey area.
Scientific response to the 2021 eruption of Nyiragongo based on the implementation of a participatory monitoring system
Authors: Boudoire G. , Calabrese S. , Colacicco A. , Sordini P. , Habakaramo Macumu P. , Rafflin V. , Valade S. , Mweze T. , Kazadi Mwepu J.-C. , Safari Habari F. , Amani Kahamire T. , Mumbere Mutima Y. , Ngaruye J.-C. , Tuyishime A. , Tumaini Sadiki A. , Mavonga Tuluka G. , Mapendano Yalire M. , Kets E.-D. , Grassa F. , D’Alessandro W. , Caliro S. , Rufino F. , Tedesco D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of a resilient society is a major challenge for growing human population faced with abundant natural hazards. During and after the May 22, 2021 eruption of Nyiragongo, the local population was surprised and scared by the subsequent seismicity and associated surface fracturing, coupled with the alert of a possible new eruptive vent opening in Goma (Democratic Republic of Congo) and/or Gisenyi (Rwanda). The creation of a toll-free phone number enabled the population to record fractures and gas/thermal anomalies affecting the area. Such work was fundamental in enabling scientists and authorities to assess the associated risks. Crucially, gas data showed that the degassing through fractures did not represent direct transfer of magmatic volatiles but was more likely of superficial origin. Surprisingly, this participatory work revealed that the first fractures appeared several weeks before the eruption and their opening was not detected by the monitoring system. This firmly underlines the need for scientists to anchor citizen science in monitoring strategies.
CandyCodes: simple universally unique edible identifiers for confirming the authenticity of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Grover William H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCounterfeit or substandard medicines adversely affect the health of millions of people and cost an estimated $200 billion USD annually. Their burden is greatest in developing countries, where the World Health Organization estimates that one in ten medical products are fake. In this work, I describe a simple addition to the existing drug manufacturing process that imparts an edible universally unique physical identifier to each pill, tablet, capsule, caplet, etc. This technique uses nonpareils (also called sprinkles and “hundreds and thousands”), tiny inexpensive multicolor candy spheres that are normally added to other candies or desserts as decorations. If nonpareils are applied at random to a pill immediately after manufacture, the specific pattern they form is unlikely to ever be repeated by random chance; this means that the pattern (or “CandyCode”) can be used to uniquely identify the pill and distinguish it from all other pills. By taking a photograph of each CandyCoded pill after manufacture and recording the location and color of each nonpareil, a manufacturer can construct a database containing the CandyCodes of all known-authentic pills they produce. A consumer can then simply use a cellphone to photograph a pill and transfer its image to the manufacturer’s server, which determines whether the pill’s CandyCode matches a known-good CandyCode in their database (meaning that the pill is authentic) or does not have a match in the database (in which case the consumer is warned that the pill may be counterfeit and should not be consumed). To demonstrate the feasibility of using random particles as universal identifiers, I performed a series of experiments using both real CandyCodes (on commercially produced chocolate candies) and simulated CandyCodes (generated by software). I also developed a simple method for converting a CandyCode photo to a set of strings for convenient storage and retrieval in a database. Even after subjecting CandyCodes to rough handling to simulate shipping conditions, the CandyCodes were still easily verifiable using a cellphone camera. A manufacturer could produce at least $$10^{17}$$

10
17

CandyCoded pills—41 million for each person on Earth—and still be able to uniquely identify each CandyCode. By providing universally-unique IDs that are easy to manufacture but hard to counterfeit, require no alteration of the existing drug formulation and minimal alteration of the manufacturing process, and need only a cameraphone for verification, CandyCodes could play an important role in the fight against fraud in pharmaceuticals and many other products.
Evaluation and promotion strategy of resilience of urban water supply system under flood and drought disasters
Authors: Li Zhijie , Zhao Hui , Liu Jinning , Zhang Jingqi , Shao Zhiguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith global climate change and the rapid urbanization, urban flood and drought disasters are frequent and urban water supply systems are facing a sea of serious challenges. It is crucial to assess the resilience of urban water supply systems and develop corresponding disaster mitigation and improvement strategies. Urban water supply systems include many subsystems, but existing researches generally focus on a single subsystem. Therefore, this paper proposes a correlation analysis method and a factor analysis method for the resilience evaluation index system of urban water supply systems by combining each subsystem and applying grey system theory. The method can reflect the four dimensions of the water supply process (water source, water plant, supply and distribution network and users) and the five dimensions of the urban management system (society, natural environment, economy, physics and organization). Taking Qingdao as an example, a multi-level integrated evaluation model based on a cloud model is applied to simulate and analyze the resilience of Qingdao's water supply system. As a result, decision support is provided for planning and building resilience systems for urban water systems in the short and long term, based on four main factors.
Rheumatoid arthritis T cell and muscle oxidative metabolism associate with exercise-induced changes in cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Andonian Brian J. , Koss Alec , Koves Timothy R. , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Hubal Monica J. , Pober David M. , Lord Janet M. , MacIver Nancie J. , St Clair E. William , Muoio Deborah M. , Kraus William E. , Bartlett David B. , Huffman Kim M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) T cells drive autoimmune features via metabolic reprogramming that reduces oxidative metabolism. Exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., systemic oxidative metabolism) and thus may impact RA T cell oxidative metabolic function. In this pilot study of RA participants, we took advantage of heterogeneous responses to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise program to identify relationships between improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness with changes in peripheral T cell and skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. In 12 previously sedentary persons with seropositive RA, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests, fasting blood, and vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained before and after 10 weeks of HIIT. Following HIIT, improvements in RA cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with changes in RA CD4 + T cell basal and maximal respiration and skeletal muscle carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) enzyme activity. Further, changes in CD4 + T cell respiration were associated with changes in naïve CD4 + CCR7 + CD45RA + T cells, muscle CrAT, and muscle medium-chain acylcarnitines and fat oxidation gene expression profiles. In summary, modulation of cardiorespiratory fitness and molecular markers of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism during exercise training paralleled changes in T cell metabolism. Exercise training that improves RA cardiorespiratory fitness may therefore be valuable in managing pathologically related immune and muscle dysfunction.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02528344. Registered on 19 August 2015.
MRI-guided thrombolysis for lenticulostriate artery stroke within 12 h of symptom onset
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Bai Qingke , Zhao Zhenguo , Mao Yiting , Dong Qiang , Cao Wenjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStroke thrombolysis treatment is generally administered within 4.5 h, but a greater time window may be permitted depending upon the ischemic penumbra on neuroimaging. This observational cohort study investigated the outcomes of thrombolysis given within 12 h after symptom onset of lenticulostriate artery stroke. The population comprised 160 patients. Thrombolysis was administered via tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase (TPA). Thrombolysis was indicated by a mismatch between diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), that is, an acute ischemic lesion on DWI without a corresponding lesion on T2WI. Demographics and medical history were compared with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, to reflect outcome. Patients with a favorable clinical outcome (mRS 0–1) had significantly lower hypertension, baseline NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and admission systolic/diastolic blood pressure compared with patients with mRS 2–6. Lower admission systolic blood pressure and NIHSS score were significantly associated with favorable outcome. In patients either with IV-TPA within 4.5 h, or between 4.5 and 12 h, lower admission systolic blood pressure and/or NIHSS score similarly independently predict favorable outcome. However, in all groups, the onset-to-treatment time did not significantly influence the outcomes. We conclude that in our cohort higher admission systolic blood pressure and higher baseline NIHSS and not time were associated with poor outcome in patients with magnetic resonance-guided thrombolysis within 12 h of isolated lenticulostriate artery stroke, therefore loosening the traditionally perceived dependency of outcome on time.
Boosting microfluidic microbial fuel cells performance via investigating electron transfer mechanisms, metal-based electrodes, and magnetic field effect
Authors: Shirkosh Mohammad , Hojjat Yousef , Mardanpour Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe presented paper fundamentally investigates the influence of different electron transfer mechanisms, various metal-based electrodes, and a static magnetic field on the overall performance of microfluidic microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the first time to improve the generated bioelectricity. To do so, as the anode of microfluidic MFCs, zinc, aluminum, tin, copper, and nickel were thoroughly investigated. Two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, were used as biocatalysts to compare the different electron transfer mechanisms. Interaction between the anode and microorganisms was assessed. Finally, the potential of applying a static magnetic field to maximize the generated power was evaluated. For zinc anode, the maximum open circuit potential, current density, and power density of 1.39 V, 138,181 mA m-2 and 35,294 mW m-2 were obtained, respectively. The produced current density is at least 445% better than the values obtained in previously published studies so far. The microfluidic MFCs were successfully used to power ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for medical and clinical applications to elucidate their application as micro-sized power generators for implantable medical devices.
Establishing the transdiagnostic contextual pathways of emotional outbursts
Authors: Chung Justin Cheuk Yin , Mevorach Carmel , Woodcock Kate Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmotional outbursts or temper outbursts are challenging behaviours commonly experienced by people with neurodevelopmental disorders and people who have experienced childhood adversity, which can negatively impact individuals and their families. Emotional outbursts may manifest in different situations via unique pathways distinguished by context-specific differences in the regulation and expression of emotions. Caregivers (N = 268) of young people (6–25 years) with emotional outbursts completed a bespoke caregiver-report questionnaire. Potential pathways were identified by examining the patterns of antecedents and setting events related to outbursts through factor and cluster analyses. Six contextual factors were derived from the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire. Based on these factors, the responses were classified into three clusters, which may represent potential pathways of emotional outbursts. The three clusters were characterized by the increased likelihood of outbursts: (1) across all setting events and triggers; (2) in safe setting events; (3) in unsafe setting events. These potential pathways may be related to: (1) differences in sensory processing; (2) masking of emotions in unsafe environments; (3) differences in safety perception. This framework supports a transdiagnostic account of emotional outbursts and may facilitate the development of pathway-specific intervention strategies.
An extensive description of the microbiological effects of silver diamine fluoride on dental biofilms using an oral in situ model
Authors: Klanliang Kittipit , Asahi Yoko , Maezono Hazuki , Sotozono Maki , Kuriki Nanako , Machi Hiroyuki , Ebisu Shigeyuki , Hayashi Mikako 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSilver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been long studied in laboratories, and its clinical effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of root caries has been reported. In the present study, we assessed the microbiological effects of SDF on dental biofilms grown on demineralized dentin in situ. Specifically, demineralized bovine root dentin slabs used as biofilm substrates were treated with 38% SDF, and the biofilms formed after this treatment were analyzed via real-time PCR, DEAD/LIVE cell staining, and SEM. Next, the viable cell count was determined, and microbial profiles were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Untreated slabs were used as controls. We observed significant decreases in viable cell counts (p < 0.05), number of biofilm-forming cells (p < 0.01), biofilm thickness (p < 0.01), and high proportion of dead cells with SDF treatment (p < 0.01). The microcolonies in the SDF-treated biofilms showed less complexity, and only a limited number of genera were differentially abundant between the groups. Microbial diversity index comparisons showed no significant differences between the groups with respect to treatments days (p = 0.362). Thus, SDF negatively influenced dental biofilm growth on demineralized root dentin in situ; however, its antimicrobial action did not target a specific oral taxon.
Microbial community functioning during plant litter decomposition
Authors: Schroeter Simon A. , Eveillard Damien , Chaffron Samuel , Zoppi Johanna , Kampe Bernd , Lohmann Patrick , Jehmlich Nico , von Bergen Martin , Sanchez-Arcos Carlos , Pohnert Georg , Taubert Martin , Küsel Kirsten , Gleixner Gerd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrobial life in soil is fueled by dissolved organic matter (DOM) that leaches from the litter layer. It is well known that decomposer communities adapt to the available litter source, but it remains unclear if they functionally compete or synergistically address different litter types. Therefore, we decomposed beech, oak, pine and grass litter from two geologically distinct sites in a lab-scale decomposition experiment. We performed a correlative network analysis on the results of direct infusion HR-MS DOM analysis and cross-validated functional predictions from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and with DOM and metaproteomic analyses. Here we show that many functions are redundantly distributed within decomposer communities and that their relative expression is rapidly optimized to address litter-specific properties. However, community changes are likely forced by antagonistic mechanisms as we identified several natural antibiotics in DOM. As a consequence, the decomposer community is specializing towards the litter source and the state of decomposition (community divergence) but showing similar litter metabolomes (metabolome convergence). Our multi-omics-based results highlight that DOM not only fuels microbial life, but it additionally holds meta-metabolomic information on the functioning of ecosystems.
Preliminary study for the application of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of Leishmania infected dogs
Authors: Giuseppe Acri , Annastella Falcone , Giannetto Claudia , Elisabetta Giudice , Giuseppe Piccione , Barbara Testagrossa , Cicero Luca , Cassata Giovanni , Simona Di Pietro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a rapid qualitative and quantitative technique that allows the simultaneous determination of several components in biological fluids. This methodology concerns an alternative technique to distinguish between non-healthy and healthy subjects. Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis of world interest, the most important agent is L. infantum. Dogs are the principal reservoirs affected by a broad spectrum of clinical features. During a clinical exam, blood samples were collected in tubes without anticoagulants, from twenty two dogs. One aliquot was used for serological test for Leishmaniasis, one aliquot was subjected to the Raman spectroscopic analysis. Animals were divided into two groups of equal subjects, Leishmania group (LG) constituted by infected dogs, and control group (CG) constituted by healthy dogs. The acquired spectra were different in the region 1200–1370 cm−1, in which it is possible to distinguish the amide III vibration (~ 1300 cm−1). In LG, an evident shift to the shortwave region is observed in spectral frequencies of the band centered at ~ 1250 cm−1. Our results distinguished between LD group and CG. Further studies are necessary to exclude the effect of metabolic modification due to disease on the recorded spectra changes and to consolidate the achievability of Raman spectroscopy as rapid and less expensive diagnosis of Leishmaniasis.
Bioinformatic approach for the discovery of cis-eQTL signals during fruit ripening of a woody species as grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Martínez-García Pedro José , Mas-Gómez Jorge , Wegrzyn Jill , Botía Juan A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExpression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are associations between genetic variants, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and gene expression. eQTLs are an important tool to understand the genetic variance of gene expression of complex phenotypes. eQTLs analyses are common in biomedical models but are scarce in woody crop species such as fruit trees or grapes. In this study, a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was conducted leveraging with expression data from two different growth stages, around ripening onset, of 10 genotypes of grape (Vitis viniferaL.). A total of 2170cis-eQTL were identified in 212 gene modulated at ripening onset. The 48% of these DEGs have a known function. Among the annotated protein-coding genes, terpene synthase, auxin-regulatory factors, GRFS, ANK_REP_REGION domain-containing protein, Kinesin motor domain-containing protein and flavonol synthase were noted. This new inventory ofcis-eQTLs influencing gene expression during fruit ripening will be an important resource to examine variation for this trait and will help to elucidate the complex genetic architecture underlying this process in grape.
A novel study on the reduction of non-exhaust particulate matter emissions through system vibration control
Authors: Jayashree Priyadarshini , Rustighi Emiliano , Straffelini Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe need to reduce non-exhaust particulate matter emissions is of paramount importance as they pose repercussions on human lives and the environment. In this study, a novel way to limit emissions is proposed based on the minimization of the vibration of the mating bodies. Two model friction material formulations were tested in the form of pins and paired with a pearlitic grey cast iron disc counterface in a laboratory pin on disc apparatus. To reduce the vibrations, a damping tape was wrapped around the pins. With the damping of vibration, a significant drop in the emissions was recorded, and this was correlated with the friction layer establishment during sliding, which observed low disruption. It is believed that the use of this method for reducing emissions can accompany the optimization phase of the brake squeal noise of friction materials, thereby, providing new design perspectives.
Supergiant porphyry copper deposits are failed large eruptions
Authors: Chiaradia Massimo , Caricchi Luca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPorphyry copper deposits, the principal source of copper and molybdenum, form at convergent margins. Copper is precipitated from fluids associated with cooling magmas that have formed in the mantle and evolved at mid- to lower crustal levels, before rising toward the surface where they saturate and exsolve an aqueous fluid and copper. Despite advances in the understanding of their formation, there are still underexplored aspects of the genesis of porphyry copper deposits. Here we examine the role played by magma injection rates into the upper crust on the formation of porphyry copper deposits with different copper endowments. Mass balance calculations suggest that supergiant porphyry copper deposits (>10 million tonnes copper) require magma volumes (up to >2500 km3) and magma injection rates (>0.001 km3 year−1) typical of large volcanic eruptions from rift, hot spot, and subduction-related settings. Because large volcanic eruptions would destroy magmatic-hydrothermal systems or prevent their formation, the largest porphyry copper deposits can be considered as failed large eruptions and this may be one of the causes of their rarity.
SRAFE: Siamese Regression Aesthetic Fusion Evaluation for Chinese Calligraphic Copy
Authors: Sun Mingwei , Gong Xinyu , Nie Haitao , Iqbal Muhammad Minhas , Xie Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvaluation of calligraphic copy is the core of Chinese calligraphy appreciation and inheritance. However, previous aesthetic evaluation studies often focussed on photos and paintings, with few attempts on Chinese calligraphy. To solve this problem, a Siamese regression aesthetic fusion method is proposed, named SRAFE, for Chinese calligraphy based on the combination of calligraphy aesthetics and deep learning. First, a dataset termed Evaluated Chinese Calligraphy Copies (E3C) is constructed for aesthetic evaluation. Second, 12 hand‐crafted aesthetic features based on the shape, structure, and stroke of calligraphy are designed. Then, the Siamese regression network (SRN) is designed to extract the deep aesthetic representation of calligraphy. Finally, the SRAFE method is built by fusing the deep aesthetic features with the hand‐crafted aesthetic features. Experimental results show that scores given by SRAFE are similar to the aesthetic evaluation label of E3C, proving the effectiveness of the authors’ method.