bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the cybersecurity ecosystem in the European Union
Authors: Bederna Zsolt , Rajnai Zoltan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe information society is a complex network of interconnected public and private entities and human beings. Many of them choose a certain level of technological development from the generally available solutions to support internal processes attaining objectives that support operations, creating technological dependence via internal or external services of the information and communication technologies (ICTs). Due to the technological development and technological dependence caused by ICTs, a society-wide political need has arisen for tackling security requirements for cyberspace in several sectors to satisfy the individuals’ needs that directly or indirectly define the requirements for such services, resulting in a complex ecosystem with several participants. Although the European Union has formulated some crucial rules via regulations and directives with which it increasingly defined cybersecurity stakeholders from time to time, there are several missing affected parties. This paper aims to review the relevant technological, societal, and economic factors of the information society creating the necessity to strictly handle cybersecurity requirements and analyse decisive stakeholders via a theoretical framework. Furthermore, it also identifies the current legislative framework issues to identify pain points.
Non-communicable diseases attributed mortality and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System
Authors: Pham Bang Nguyen , Jorry Ronny , Abori Nora , Silas Vinson D. , Okely Anthony D. , Pomat William 
Published: March 2022

Background
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is undergoing an epidemiological transition with increased mortality from NCDs. This study examined NCDs-attributed mortality and associated sociodemographic factors in PNG.

Method
Using WHO 2016 instrument, 926 verbal autopsy (VA) interviews were conducted in six major provinces from January 2018 to December 2020. InterVA-5 tool was used to assign causes of death (COD). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with mortalities from emerging and endemic NCDs.

Finding
NCDs accounted for 47% of the total deaths, including 20% of deaths attributed to emerging NCDs and 27% of deaths due to endemic NCDs. Leading CODs from emerging NCDs were identified including cardiac diseases, stroke, and diabetes. The risk of dying from emerging NCDs was significantly lower among populations under age 44y compared with population aged 75+y (OR: 0.14 [0.045–0.433]; p-value: 0.001). People living in urban areas were twice likely to die from emerging NCDs than those in rural areas (OR: 1.92 [1.116–3.31]; p-value: 0.018). People in Madang province were 70% less likely to die from emerging NCDs compared to those from East New Britain province (OR: 0.314 [0.135–0.73]; p-value: 0.007). Leading CODs from endemic NCDs included digestive neoplasms, respiratory neoplasms, and other neoplasms. Only children aged 0-4y had significant lower risk of dying from endemic NCDs compared to the population aged 75+y (OR: 0.114 [95% CI: 0.014–0.896]; p-value: 0.039).

Conclusion
Public health interventions are urgently needed, prioritizing urban population and those aged over 44y to reduce premature mortality from NCDs.
Pharmacokinetics of oral moxidectin in individuals with Onchocerca volvulus infection
Authors: Tan Beesan , Opoku Nicholas , Attah Simon K. , Awadzi Kwablah , Kuesel Annette C. , Lazdins-Helds Janis , Rayner Craig , Ryg-Cornejo Victoria , Sullivan Mark , Fleckenstein Lawrence 
Published: March 2022

Background
Onchocerciasis (“river blindness”), is a neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted to humans through repeated bites by infective blackflies of the genus Simulium. Moxidectin was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for the treatment of onchocerciasis in people at least 12 years of age. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered moxidectin in 18- to 60-year-old men and women infected with Onchocerca volvulus were investigated in a single-center, ivermectin-controlled, double-blind, randomized, single-ascending-dose, ascending severity of infection study in Ghana.

Methodology/Principal findings
Participants were randomized to either a single dose of 2, 4 or 8 mg moxidectin or ivermectin. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected prior to dosing and at intervals up to 12 months post-dose from 33 and 34 individuals treated with 2 and 4 mg moxidectin, respectively and up to 18 months post-dose from 31 individuals treated with 8 mg moxidectin. Moxidectin plasma concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Moxidectin plasma AUC0-∞ (2 mg: 26.7–31.7 days*ng/mL, 4 mg: 39.1–60.0 days*ng/mL, 8 mg: 99.5–129.0 days*ng/mL) and Cmax (2mg, 16.2 to17.3 ng/mL, 4 mg: 33.4 to 35.0 ng/mL, 8 mg: 55.7 to 74.4 ng/mL) were dose-proportional and independent of severity of infection. Maximum plasma concentrations were achieved 4 hours after drug administration. The mean terminal half-lives of moxidectin were 20.6, 17.7, and 23.3 days at the 2, 4 and 8 mg dose levels, respectively.

Conclusion/Significance
We found no relationship between severity of infection (mild, moderate or severe) and exposure parameters (AUC0-∞ and Cmax), T1/2 and Tmax for moxidectin. Tmax, volume of distribution (V/F) and oral clearance (CL/F) are similar to those in healthy volunteers from Europe. From a pharmacokinetic perspective, moxidectin is an attractive long-acting therapeutic option for the treatment of human onchocerciasis.
Autophagy characteristics and establishment of autophagy prognostic models in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhubei , Xiong Hui , Shen Hao , You Qingsheng 
Published: March 2022

Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which makes up the majority of lung cancers, remains one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. It has a poor prognosis due to its late detection and lack of response to chemoradiaiton. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new prognostic marker.

Methods
We evaluated biological function and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients from TCGA and GEO databases between different clusters based on autophagy related hub genes. Autophagy scores were used to assess the degree of autophagy in each individual by using component analysis.

Results
Three different clusters were obtained. Gene set variation analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and survive analysis showed differences among these three clusters. We demonstrated that the autophagy score of each patient could predict tumor stage and prognosis. Patients with a high autophagy score had a better prognosis, higher immune infiltration, and were more sensitive to immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapy.

Conclusion
It was uncovered that autophagy played an irreplaceable role in NSCLC. Quantified autophagy scores for each NSCLC patient would help guide effective treatment strategies.
Thyroid Nodules in Children With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Smith Jessica R. , Kamihara Junne , Church Alanna J. , Asch Elizabeth , Cherella Christine E. , Fox Victor L. , Wassner Ari J. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Ultrasound screening for thyroid cancer is recommended in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This study investigated the prevalence of thyroid neoplasia in children with FAP.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional study of children with FAP at an academic hospital. Clinical and ultrasound data were analyzed for the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer.

RESULTS:
Of 37 children with FAP, 8 (22%) had thyroid nodules and 2 (5%) had thyroid cancer. Nodules (30%) and cancer (9%) were more common among female subjects and rare among male subjects.

DISCUSSION:
Thyroid ultrasound screening in adolescence may benefit female subjects with FAP but has limited utility in male subjects.
An 𝐿𝑝-DPG Method with Application to 2D Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Demkowicz Leszek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article summarizes the

L
p

L^{p}

-DPG method presented in [18], where only 1D convection-diffusion problems are solved.
We apply the same computational techniques to 2D convection-diffusion problems and report additional numerical results herein.
Furthermore, we propose an

L
p

L^{p}

-DPG method with variable 𝑝 and illustrate it with numerical experiments.
Generalized nilpotency in uncountable groups
Authors: Ferrara Maria , Trombetti Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of uncountable groups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

whose proper subgroups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

are (bounded) Engel groups. It is proved that such groups are (bounded) Engel groups, provided that they satisfy some generalized solubility condition.
A similar analysis is carried out also for (generalized soluble) uncountable groups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

whose proper subgroups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

are hypercentral. In this case, we get that the whole group is hypercentral provided that the hypercentral lengths of the proper “large” subgroups are not too close to

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

. This generalizes results that have already been obtained for nilpotency.
Finally, as a by-product, we obtain similar results for many other relevant group classes such as that of Gruenberg groups and that of

𝒩
1

{\mathcal{N}_{1}}

-groups.
Differential operators, exact pullback formulas of Eisenstein series, and Laplace transforms
Authors: Ibukiyama Tomoyoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor a variableZ=(zi⁢j){Z=(z_{ij})}of the Siegel upper half spaceHn{H_{n}}of degreen, put∂Z=(1+δi⁢j2⁢∂∂⁡zi⁢j)1≤i,j≤n{{\partial}_{Z}=(\frac{1+\delta_{ij}}{2}\frac{{\partial}}{{\partial}z_{ij}})_{% 1\leq i,j\leq n}}. For a polynomialP⁢(T){P(T)}in components ofn×n{n\times n}symmetric matrixT, we haveP⁢(∂Z)⁢det⁡(Z)s=det⁡(Z)s⁢Q⁢(Z-1){P({\partial}_{Z})\det(Z)^{s}=\det(Z)^{s}Q(Z^{-1})}for some polynomialQ⁢(T){Q(T)}. We show that the correspondence ofPandQare bijective for mosts, and give a formula ofPfor anyQ. In particular, whenQis a monomial, we show that suchPcorresponds exactly to thedescending basisdeveloped in a joint work with D, Zagier, for which an explicit generating series is known. By using the above results and the generating series, we give an exact formula for differential operators𝔻{{\mathbb{D}}}such that for any Siegel modular formsFof weightk, the restrictionResHn1×Hn2⁢(𝔻⁢F){\mathrm{Res}_{H_{n_{1}}\times H_{n_{2}}}({\mathbb{D}}F)}to the diagonal blocksHn1×Hn2⊂Hn1+n2=Hn{H_{n_{1}}\times H_{n_{2}}\subset H_{n_{1}+n_{2}}=H_{n}}is a vector-valued Siegel modular forms of weightdetk⁡ρ{\det^{k}\rho}, where ρ is a fixed representation ofGLn1⁢(ℂ)×GLn2⁢(ℂ){\mathrm{GL}_{n_{1}}({\mathbb{C}})\times\mathrm{GL}_{n_{2}}({\mathbb{C}})}. These results are applied to give an exact Garrett–Böcherer-type pullback formula for any ρ that describes the restriction of𝔻⁢Ekn{{\mathbb{D}}E_{k}^{n}}toHn1×Hn2{H_{n_{1}}\times H_{n_{2}}}for holomorphic Siegel Eisenstein seriesEkn{E_{k}^{n}}of weightkof degreen.
On the relative opers in dimension one
Authors: Singh Anoop , Upadhyay Abhitosh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate the relative opers over the complex analytic family of compact
complex manifolds of relative dimension one. We introduce the notion of relative opers arising from the second fundamental form associated with a relative holomorphic connection. We also investigate the relative differential operators over the complex analytic family of compact complex manifolds whose symbol is the identity automorphism. We show that the set of equivalent relative opers arising from the second fundamental form
is in bijective correspondence with the set of equivalent relative differential operators whose symbol is the identity automorphism.
Perturbation results and forward order law for the Moore–Penrose inverse in rings with involution
Authors: Mihajlović Nadica , Djordjević Dragan S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate perturbations of the Moore–Penrose inverse and forward order law for the Moore–Penrose inverse in rings with involution, and thus we extend some results of Castro–Gonzalez and Hartwig to more general settings.
Disconjugacy and Green’s functions sign for some two-point boundary value problems for fourth order ordinary differential equations
Authors: Manjikashvili Mariam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, for the fourth order linear ordinary differential equation

u

(
4
)

⁢

(
t
)

=

p
⁢

(
t
)

⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

-

μ
⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

,

u^{(4)}(t)=p(t)u(t)-\mu u(t),

where

p
:

I
→
R

{p:I\to R}

is a Lebesgue integrable function, we study the question of disconjugacy on the interval

[
a
,
b
]

{[a,b]}

, and the problem of the Green’s functions sign for some two-point boundary problems. The optimal sufficient conditions of the disconjugacy and necessary and sufficient conditions of non-negativity (non-positivity) of the Green’s function are found for the mentioned two-point boundary problems.
On interpolation of reflexive variable Lebesgue spaces on which the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator is bounded
Authors: Diening Lars , Karlovych Oleksiy , Shargorodsky Eugene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We show that if the Hardy–Littewood maximal operator M is bounded on a
reflexive variable exponent space

L

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

⁢

(

ℝ
d

)

{L^{p(\,\cdot\,)}(\mathbb{R}^{d})}

, then for
every

q
∈

(
1
,
∞
)

{q\in(1,\infty)}

, the exponent

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

{p(\,\cdot\,)}

admits, for all sufficiently
small

θ
>
0

{\theta>0}

, the representation

1

p
⁢

(
x
)

=

θ
q

+

1
-
θ

r
⁢

(
x
)

{\frac{1}{p(x)}=\frac{\theta}{q}+\frac{1-\theta}{r(x)}}

,

x
∈

ℝ
d

{x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}}

, such that the operator M is bounded on the variable
Lebesgue space

L

r
⁢

(
⋅
)

⁢

(

ℝ
d

)

{L^{r(\,\cdot\,)}(\mathbb{R}^{d})}

.
This result can be applied for transferring properties like
compactness of linear operators from standard Lebesgue spaces to
variable Lebesgue spaces by using interpolation techniques.
Development of a huge hybrid 3D-printer based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) incorporated with computer numerical control (CNC) machining for industrial applications
Authors: Lee Jeongsu , Song Jiyoung , Lee Young Chul , Kim Jeong Tae 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) technology has grown rapidly over the past decades, a wide range of applications in the various field has been proposed. Especially, large-scale 3D printing technology has emerged as one of the most innovative alternatives to the traditional manufacturing process due to its simple, fast, and cost-efficient features. In this article, we proposed a large-scale hybrid manufacturing equipment of the three-dimensional (3D) printer based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) incorporated with CNC machining. Our manufacturing system is designed to produce a product having dimensions up to 3,000 mm × 4,000 mm × 1,200 mm with an extruder having an extrusion rate of 30 mm·s−1 and nozzle area of 15 mm2 × 15 mm2. We also optimized the operating conditions of our equipment including the shape of the nozzle, the temperature of the heater, and the RPM of the machining tool. The performance of the equipment was confirmed by pilot production via sand-casting. We expect that our hybrid manufacturing system can be widely used to produce various shapes of large-scale mold as a cost-effective alternative to conventional methods in the manufacturing process.
Regression trees and ensembles for cumulative incidence functions
Authors: Cho Youngjoo , Molinaro Annette M. , Hu Chen , Strawderman Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The use of cumulative incidence functions for characterizing the risk of one type of event in the presence of others has become increasingly popular over the past two decades. The problems of modeling, estimation and inference have been treated using parametric, nonparametric and semi-parametric methods. Efforts to develop suitable extensions of machine learning methods, such as regression trees and ensemble methods, have begun comparatively recently. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimating cumulative incidence curves in a competing risks setting using regression trees and associated ensemble estimators. The proposed methods use augmented estimators of the Brier score risk as the primary basis for building and pruning trees, and lead to methods that are easily implemented using existing R packages. Data from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (trial 9410) is used to illustrate these new methods.
Combined Business Tax Statistics 2016 of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany – A Micro Data Set for Scientific Use
Authors: Buchner Michael , Eisenmenger Matthias , Hohlweck Corinna , Mödinger Patrizia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article aims to give background information of the combined business tax statistics 2016 of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The micro data set includes the different German business tax statistics, which are linked together (i.e. trade tax statistics, corporate income tax statistics, turnover tax statistics, statistics on business partnerships and associations as well as additional information of the statistical business register). With more than three million businesses the micro data set provides linked information on the German business structure and is available in anonymised form for scientific use at the Research Data Centre of the Federal Statistical Office.
Brain-based interventions for chronic pain
Authors: Flor Herta , Kuner Rohini 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Brain circuits involved in pain chronicity shift from areas involved in nociceptive processing to those associated with emotional and motivational processes. They overlap with circuits relevant for anxiety, fear and depression and are characterized by deficient prefrontal control mechanisms. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation directly impact on these circuits and pain. Neurofeedback and brain-computer interfaces as well as various types of cognitive and behavioral interventions also alter these circuits. The analysis of brain changes related to pain chronicity helps to mechanistically tailor interventions to patient characteristics, can increase treatment efficacy and efficiency and can identify new treatment approaches.
Development of a Laboratory Testing System to Study the Effect of Frost Heave on a Steel Pile
Authors: Li Liang , Seo Hoyoung , Kim Mintae , Lawson William D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The authors have developed a novel, laboratory-scale testing system to study tangential heave stress acting on a steel pile during frost heave of freezing soils, and this article presents the details of the testing system, experimental procedure, and experimental results. The tangential heave testing system developed in this study consists of (1) an environmental chamber, (2) a frost heave box, (3) a constant-head water supply system, (4) the test soil, (5) the model pile, (6) a data acquisition system, and (7) an imaging system. The model pile and test soil are instrumented with strain gauges, thermocouples, moisture sensors, and displacement gauges to investigate various aspects of pile-ice-soil interactions. Experimental results demonstrate that the newly developed lab-scale testing system successfully simulates heaving of the pile and soil during the soil freezing process and provides a wealth of information on thermo-mechanical behavior of the model pile, particularly for evaluation of tangential heave stress.
Antenatal thyroid hormone therapy and antithyroid drug use in Norway from 2004 to 2018
Authors: Bakken Kjersti S , Nermo Kristina Randjelovic , Nedrebø Bjørn Gunnar , Korevaar Tim I M , Strand Tor A 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Thyroid disease during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and suboptimal fetal development. During the last decades, guidelines for diagnosing thyroid disease during pregnancy have changed considerably and there has been increased awareness. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of thyroid disease treatment over time among pregnant women in Norway.

Design
Nationwide register-based study.

Methods
We combined historical data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database, identifying pregnant women using thyroid therapy from 2004 to 2018.

Results
A total of 855,067 pregnancies were included in the analyses. The proportion of women using thyroid hormone replacement therapy during pregnancy increased from 1.46% (n  = 800) in 2004 to 3.57% (n  = 1940) in 2018. The proportion of women using antithyroid medications also increased from 0.04% (n  = 20) in 2004 to 0.10% (n  = 56). During these 15 years, the mean maternal age increased by 0.9 years. When adjusting for age, the risk for being on thyroid hormone replacement therapy during pregnancy increased by an average of 5% per year (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.05–1.05).

Conclusion
During the recent 15 years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of thyroid hormone therapy in Norwegian pregnant women. We speculate that this could be due to an increased awareness in combination with overdiagnosis because of inappropriate diagnostic criteria. To truly understand the possible causes and consequences of this development, further research is warranted.
HUBUNGAN KELOMPOK TEMAN SEBAYA DENGAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI DI MAN 1 KOTA PADANG
Authors: Zambri Muhammad , Kenedi Gusril 
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian korelasi kuantitatif hubungan kelompok teman sebaya dengan penyesuaian diri peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang yang berjumlah 73 orang.Sampel penelitian diambil secara simple random sampling. Instrument penelitian menggunakan dua angket yaitu angket tentang kelompok teman sebaya dan penyesuaian diri. Data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS Versi 20 serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus Product Moment Correlation coefisien Karl Pearsons. Berdasarkan hasil perolehan data didapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa penilaian kelompok teman sebaya dan penilaian penyesuaian diri peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang termasuk kedalam kategori sedang, serta terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kelompok teman sebaya dengan penyesuaian diri peserta didik dengan nilai koefisien korelasinya adalah sebesar 0,721.Hal ini berarti semakin tinggi kelompok teman sebaya maka semakin tinggi juga penyesuaian diri yang diperoleh peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang dan begitu pula sebaliknya.