bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycentric governance in Nebraska, U.S., for ground and surface water
Authors: Jedd Theresa , Schutz Anthony , Burbach Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the locally driven, but centrally coordinated, water governance model in Nebraska, U.S. It offers a snapshot of water resources and the importance of agriculture, then moves to the relevant political institutions in the state, and federal controls related to water quantity. The focus of the chapter is on the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources' (NeDNR) and Natural Resources Districts' (NRDs) management of surface and groundwater, which has some distinct and some overlapping authority. The main area of overlap is in addressing the connection between ground and surface water, particularly in situations when either or both are over appropriated. Integrated management planning is a key tool for basins in crisis, where allocations are fully or over appropriated and there is increased demand or diminished supply. The chapter explains what integrated management planning entails and gives a closer look into instances where it has been implemented. The polycentric model allows for collaborative governance, pushing stakeholders (particularly the agricultural sector) to innovate based on changes in water availability. NRDs can (and do) exercise controls; they do so by using their authority to make institutional changes and sanction violators for over-abstraction. This authority is granted and legitimized by publicly elected boards, an ongoing leadership training network, and a history of locally driven rule-making. However, there are also shortcomings to the model: in particular, it is difficult to address cross-border issues or legal conflicts. Furthermore, there is scant research on its effectiveness in actually preventing groundwater decline. The Nebraska model and its local examples may offer lessons for other basins where water resources have historically been relatively plentiful but are now facing drought stresses and the growing demands of intensive irrigated agricultural production.
Current challenges in the Rio Grande/Río Bravo Basin: old disputes in a new century
Authors: Buono Regina M. , Eckstein Gabriel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Rio Grande River traverses 2000 kilometres of the international border between Mexico and the United States. The river and its tributaries are governed by a series of border treaties and institutions, as well as under the domestic laws of each nation. Often lauded for enabling innovative and collaborative governance, in recent years the complicated regime has come under pressure as domestic and international water governance institutions struggle under the strain of climate change, population growth, and other stressors on water supply and demand in the region. This chapter considers three of the major challenges currently facing the Rio Grande River Basin and its riparians: (1) groundwater and ground–surface interactions and related practical and policy implications; (2) engagement with local and regional stakeholders; and (3) Mexico's latest water debt under the 1944 Treaty. It also identifies shortcomings in the regime to address these concerns, as well as innovative responses and solutions that have been crafted at various levels of governance.
Habermas, Foucault e a “vulneronormatividade”: interfaces entre a norma e a experiência
Authors: Salgueiro Marques Ângela Cristina , Nigri Veloso Lucas Henrique 
Published: August 2022

O artigo realiza uma costura vulnerável entre diagnósticos e propostas que Habermas e Foucault realizam sobre intersubjetividade, reconhecimento e comunidade política. Apesar de insolúveis distinções, argumentamos que é possível fomentar aproximações produtivas entre eles a partir do modo como tematizam vulnerabilidades ligadas aos processos de subjetivação política. Tal empreendimento é realizado a partir da instrumentalização da noção de vulnerabilidades e de um exame detido sobre as bases da ética normativa da troca discursiva, em Habermas, e da ética do “cuidado de si” que enfrenta o poder em sua configuração relacional, em Foucault. A partir de “costuras vulneráveis”, propomos a superação de uma dicotomia que se reitera na oposição de ambas as tradições e escolas de pensamento, propondo um conceito que os abriga e hibridiza, ainda que sem apaziguar suas tensões e dissensos: a “vulneronormatividade”.
Comportamento espaço-temporal da precipitação na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Potengi-RN
Authors: Andrade Souza Julie , Freitas de Amorim Rodrigo 
Published: August 2022

A precipitação é a variável mais importante, quando se pretende compreender a dinâmica da estrutura superficial da paisagem e as consequências nas diversas atividades humanas. As análises quantitativas dos dados de chuva permitem espacializar os volumes precipitados, relacioná-los aos principais mecanismos que governam o regime de precipitação da área e estimar os tempos de retorno de eventos extremos. Para atingir os objetivos, a metodologia compreende o uso de ferramentas estatísticas de espacialização de dados (krigagem) e a utilização do método de Gumbell para calcular os tempos de retorno de precipitações máximas na bacia. Os resultados demonstram que há uma significativa variação espaço-temporal da precipitação nos diferentes compartimentos. Com relação aos eventos máximos, foi possível verificar que no intervalo de retorno de 10 anos, todos os quatro municípios apresentam valores de precipitação acima de 100mm em 24h. Pode-se concluir que os fenômenos climatológicos de precipitação com alta magnitude e baixa recorrência são frequentes em uma escala de tempo de décadas, estando, esses, vinculados à dinâmica climática regional e aos condicionantes de controle global.
Nanogel-based Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Therapeutic Strategy
with Under Discussed Potential
Authors: Rehman Muneeb U. , Tariq Lubna , Arafah Azher , Ali Shafat , Beigh Saba , Dar Mashooq Ahmad , Dar Tanvir ul Hassan , Dar Aqib Iqbal , Alsaffar Rana M. , Masoodi Mubashir Hussain 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The application of nanoparticles in medication delivery has revolutionized the field of
therapeutic biology. To improve medical efficacy, currently, drug nanocarriers are employed to control the release and stability, expand its circulation time, or protect it from cell clearance or premature breakdown. A crosslinked polymeric framework is used to crosslink the hydrogel nanoparticle
dispersions for safer and stable delivery on target sites. Nanogels have developed in the last two
decades as potential biomaterials with a wide variety of applications. Later attributes of nanogels
are mainly due to large surface areas, retention of molecules, size flexibility, and water-based formulations that have made them popular as drug delivery vehicles, as seen by several in vivo uses.
The gel matrix containing the nanoparticle drug demonstrated a considerable increase in drug penetration in transdermal drug and topical delivery methods. This review aims to understand why and
how nanogels are considered so innovative as a drug delivery method. It also examines their preparation methods and applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields and discusses the benefits of nanogels, including swelling capacity and stimulus stimuli sensitivity. Nanogels, on the other
hand, have recently been investigated for applications outside the field of biomedicine. Since there
are many possible uses for nanogels, we have comprehensively reviewed the current state of the art
for all feasible nanogel applications and manufacturing methods.
Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease in Egyptian Patients with Systemic
Sclerosis: Relation to Disease Parameters
Authors: Abdelati Abeer Ali , Deghady Akram Abd-Elmonaem , Abdelhady Ahmed Mohamed , Bastawy Rim Aly , Shaaban Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Pulmonary involvement is the most common leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with systemic sclerosis. Therefore, identifying the various patterns of pul-monary affection is crucial in the clinical management of these patients. In the current study, we aim to investigate the patterns of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with SSc patients (SSc-ILD) and their relation to serologic markers and clinical parameters.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken on thirty-four adult SSc patients who met the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria for SSc and Forty healthy controls of matched age and sex. The patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, skin assessment using the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS), chest x-ray (CXR), pulmonary function test (PFTs), and high resolution com-puted tomography of the chest (HRCT). Routine laboratory tests were conducted in addition to im-munologic tests and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the IL-33 level.

Results:
ILD was found in 23 SSc patients (67.6%); 20 patients had diffuse type while 3 patients had limited type. Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) was found in 56.5%, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was found in 21.7%, pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) was found in 8.7%, and organizing pneumonia (OP) with the mixed pattern was found in 13% of SSc patients. Additionally, the mean IL-33 level in SSc patients was 98±12.7 compared to 66.2±10.6 in the con-trol group (p < 0.001), with ILD patients having a significantly higher level (101.7±13.4) than those without (90.4±6.2), and a strong positive correlation with mRSS.

Conclusion:
Even in asymptomatic patients with SSc, ILD is prevalent, with NSIP being the most common pattern. IL-33 could be considered a potential biomarker for predicting the presence of ILD in SSc patients.
Nano Diosgenin Abates DMBA Induced Renal and Hepatic Toxicities:
Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation on the Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Sankaran Mirunalini , Vengaimaran Manobharathi , Dhamodharan Kalaiyarasi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
: Nature-based pharmaceuticals are now becoming an integral aspect of toxic-free healthcare therapies. Diosgenin (DN), a unique phyto steroidal sapogenin, seems to be explicitly employed as a core ingredient in countless traditional and patented Chinese medicines owing to its epic multilayered therapeutic treasure.

Objective:
The prime intent of the current study was to probe the hepato- and nephro- ameliorating impact of Diosgenin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (DN@CS-NPS) on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) mediated rat mammary oncogenesis.

Methods:
A single dosage of DMBA (25 mg/kg body weight) was injected to induce breast cancer. Oral administration of DN (10 mg/kg body weight) and DN@CS-NPS (5 mg/kg body weight) was used to medicate DMBA administeredtumor-bearing rats just after the emergence of a tumor. Following the experimental duration, biochemical and histopathological (H&E) analyses have been carried out.

Results:
Here, we noticed that there is an escalated level of liver and kidney biomarkers, phase-I detoxification enzymes, lipid peroxidative marker, total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total lipase (TL) as well as diminished levels of phase – II detoxification enzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lecithin acyltransferase (LCAT) in the plasma, liver and kidney tissues of DMBA-induced rats with renal and hepatic histopathological alterations. Conversely,oral treatment of DN@CS-NPS substantially reduced their tiers to near-normal levels.

Conclusion:
Thus, our observations suggested that DN@CS-NP is an impactful hepato- and nephro- therapeutic agent that might have a significant influence on breast cancer overfree DN.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In-silico Admet Screening of New
Benzothiazole-Linked Pyrazole Prototype Derivatives: Validation of
Resistant Strains and their Biological Activity
Authors: Ramadevi Kyatham , Ashok Dommati , Patnaik K.S.K. Rao , Pasha Mohammad Arif , Bathula Raju 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The necessity for newer anti-microbial medications with prototypes has
arisen as a result of the prevalence of infections caused by resistant strains of microorganisms.

Objective:
A series of nine novel benzothiazole-linked pyrazole prototype derivatives were synthesized
in multistep reactions and evaluated for anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities. The druglikeness
along with physicochemical properties of synthesized compounds were determined by
docking the ligands with resistant strains.

Methods:
Synthesis of benzothiazole and pyrazole prototype derivatives was carried out by a sequence
of reactions to attain the hydrazine carboxamide derivatives. All the synthesized compounds
were characterized and evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities against
carbapenem-resistantresistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-PA), carbapenem-resistantresistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-KP), cephalosporin-resistantclostridium difficile (CR-CD), macrolideresistantresistant
streptococcus pyogenes (MR-SP), Voriconazole-resistant Aspergillus Niger (VRAN)
and Fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata (FR-CG). Physico-chemical parameters were
done by Medchem DesignerTM software version 5.5 and ADMET parameters by pkCSM online
tool. Furthermore, molecular docking was accomplished with PyRx 0.8 by AutoDock Vina program.

Results:
All the synthesized derivatives were characterized and evaluated for their anti-bacterial
activity, which shows the significant activity of 6i with MIC 36.17 μM on CP-PA, MIC 36.86 μM
on CP-KP, MIC 38.45 μM on CR-CD, and MIC 37.09 μM on MR-SP, with respect to ciprofloxacin
with an average of MIC 32 μM for all resistant bacterial strains. The prototype derivatives
were also evaluated for their anti-fungal activity, in which derivative 6i was found to be significant
with MIC 35.27 μM for VR-AN, MIC 34.78 μM for FR-CG, and MIC values of 25.60 μM and
27.08 μM for Nystatin for all fungal-resistant strains. In-silico predicted parameters for synthesized
prototype derivatives stood to be drug-like.

Conclusion:
From the novel benzothiazole and pyrazole hybrid derivatives, compound 6i was
found to be effective for anti-microbial and anti-fungal drugs and hence can be further explored for
dual activities. Furthermore, derivatization was made to synthesize further potent derivatives for
anti-microbial and anti-fungal treatments.
Maturation of Nephrons by Implanting hPSC-derived Kidney Progenitors
Under Kidney Capsules of Unilaterally Nephrectomized Mice
Authors: Yu Xin , Jiang Shan , Li Kailin , Yang Xianzhen , Zhang Denglu , Du Xiaohang , Feng Kong , Zhao Shengtian 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids may contribute to
disease modeling and the generation of kidney replacement tissues. However, the realization of such applications
requires the induction of hPSCs into functional mature organoids. One of the key questions for
this process is whether a specific vascular system exists for nephrogenesis. Our previous study showed
that short-term (2 weeks) implantation of hPSC-derived organoids below the kidney capsules of unilaterally
nephrectomized and immunodeficient mice resulted in the enlargement of organoids and production
of vascular cells, although signs of maturation were lacking.

Methods:
Organoids were induced for 15 days in vitro and then grafted below kidney capsules of the
same unilaterally nephrectomized immunodeficient mouse model to examine whether medium-term (4
weeks) implantation could improve organoid maturation and vascularization, as evaluated by immunofluorescence
and transmission electron microscopy.

Results:
We demonstrated that after 2–4 weeks of implantation, renal organoids formed host-derived
vascularization and matured without any exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor. Glomerular filtration
barrier maturation was evidenced by glomerular basement membrane deposition, perforated glomerular
endothelial cell development, and apical, basal podocyte polarization. A polarized monolayer epithelium
and extensive brush border were also observed for tubular epithelial cells.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that the in vivo microenvironment is important for the maturation of
human kidney organoids. Stromal expansion and a reduction of nephron structures were observed following
longer-term (12 weeks) implantation, suggesting effects on off-target cells during the induction process.
Accordingly, induction efficiency and transplantation models should be improved in the future.
Latest in COVID-19 Vaccine 'Candidates' Race
Authors: Atoum Manar Fayiz , Zreig Dalia Abu , Abu Zreig Laith Majed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Restoring everyday civil life from the devastating pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can be only by the development of an efficient vaccine. As of
April 12, 2022, 497,960,492 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported, including 6,181,850 lives
having been lost worldwide and completely paralyzing the d global economy. Detection of a novel
coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, in December 2019, and the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2
that was published on January 11, 2020, leads to a global race, to prepare for a preventive vaccine. No
single institution can develop a vaccine individually because there are many stages for developing and
producing a successful vaccine. Since this virus threatens the health, the economy, and society the
demand for a fast-track vaccine is understandable. This article tries to give an overview of vaccine
'candidates' development and clinical trials, and it mentions some challenges of using these vaccines
for managing SARS‐CoV‐2.
The Determinants of Treatment Delay and Quality of Life among the
Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Northeastern
Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dadras Omid , Thirarattanasunthon Phiman , Wongrith Paleeratana , Kabmuangpak Surasak 
Published: August 2022

Background/Objective:
Delays in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are linked to
financial difficulties, employment limits, dependency, and symptomatic treatment, all of which have an
impact on the patient's quality of life. Patients' psychological, economic, and social well-being are also
harmed by delayed therapy. The goal of this research was to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics
and quality of life in new pulmonary TB patients and determine the associated factors with delayed TB
diagnosis.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Choke Chai Community Hospital, in
Northeastern Thailand between 2016 and 2018. The information related to the patient’s medical history and laboratory tests were gathered from 332 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients at the hospital's
tuberculosis clinic; of those 15 died and were excluded from the final analysis. Data were analyzed
using SPSS version 17.0.

Results:
The cases included new cases (94%) and those returning to receive treatment after discontinuation of treatment, relapse, or recurrence of the disease (6%). The sample consisted of 68.7% males
and 31.3% females. The average age was 52.7 years (S.D = 15.64). The majority of patients were
married (60.5%), employed (68.6%), received a low income (66.6%), had a history of chronic diseases (73%), drank alcohol (31.7%), and smoked (85.7%). Approximately half of PTB experienced
treatment delay and had a low quality of life (QoL) (46.6%). The treatment delay was associated with
age > 50 years (p <0.05), low self-care (p <0.05), long distance to facility (p <0.05), unavailable caretaker to treat (p <0.05), no caregiver in family (p <0.05), high expenses (p <0.01), and lack of information (p <0.001)

Conclusion:
It appeared that the patients' health-related quality of life could be deteriorated as a result
of pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment delays can be significantly reduced by changing the understanding of family caregivers, increasing awareness, providing adequate support for patients, and guaranteeing early diagnosis and treatment by implementing an efficient surveillance system.
Emulgel: An Emerging Approach towards Effective Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Kaushik Dhirender , Pandey Parijat , Minocha Neha , Vashist Neelam , Shah Rashmi , Saini Sapna , Makhija Manish , Purohit Deepika 
Published: August 2022

Background:
During the development of the new formulations, the hydrophobic drugs
face many problems leading to poor water solubility and problems related to bioavailability. Topical
drug delivery is a popular and unique process that directs the action of various drugs on the skin for
the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases and disorders such as urticaria, inflammation, rheumatism, etc. This topical release system is usually used to escape the first-pass metabolism. An
emulgel is a superior formulation with combined advantages of both an emulsion and agel. Gel
preparations normally offer earlier drug release than other predictable ointments and creams.

Objective:
The main aim of this review is to deal with the problems associated with the delivery of
hydrophobic drugs and to tackle these problems using an emulgel formulation. Emulgel mainly
provides better stability, prolonged local contact, controlled release of drugs with short half-life, and
better loading capacity.

Methods:
The review was extracted from the searches performed in PubMed, Google Patents, Medline, and Google Scholars, etc. Data from these searches were collected and evaluated to get information about the available literature on the emulgel formulation. The literature obtained was studied
thoroughly as per the requirement of the objective of this review.

Results:
The details of the emulgel formulation, the advantages and disadvantages associated with
it, and the methods for characterization of the formulation are compiled here in this review. Along
with this, some reported patents have also been included in this review to conclude the future of
emulgel formulation in topical drug delivery.

Conclusion:
Emulgel is becoming very popular as a drug delivery system to deliver many antifungal, analgesics, anti-acne, anti-inflammatory drugs, and a number of cosmetics with a wide scope to
be explored further. This review article is motivated by the formulation, characterization, patents,
and biological activities of emulgel formulation.
Ethnopharmacological Insights on Therapeutic Potential of Gloriosa
superba
Authors: Saraf Swarnlata , Tirkey Rakesh , Saraf Shailendra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
In this modern era, medicinal plants and their phytoconstituents have received keen attention
from researchers due to the various therapeutic implication found in different pharmacological
investigations. Among millions of medicinal plants, Gloriosa superba is one of the therapeutically
important ornamental climbers that has been traditionally used to cure several diseases such as intestinal
worms, skin ailments, and joint pain. Researched data also indicated that the active principle of
Gloriosa superba can produce significant therapeutic action by affecting specific pathophysiological
targets of various ailments. In the last few years, its Crude extract, isolated active principles, and
novel formulations have been claimed for several pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic,
hepatoprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antivenom, analgesic, antiarthritic, etc.
The outcome of pharmacological research confirmed that this herb might be a source of precious
phytochemicals to combat Enigmatic diseases such as cancers, and autoimmune diseases. The present
article gathered the detailed pharmacological explorations on Gloriosa superba to contribute to
the development of strategies for effective delivery of its Phytoconstituents to cure critical diseases.