bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On optimal two‐stage testing of multiple mediators
Authors: Djordjilović Vera , Hemerik Jesse , Thoresen Magne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMediation analysis in high‐dimensional settings often involves identifying potential mediators among a large number of measured variables. For this purpose, a two‐step familywise error rate procedure called ScreenMin has been recently proposed. In ScreenMin, variables are first screened and only those that pass the screening are tested. The proposed data‐independent threshold for selection has been shown to guarantee asymptotic familywise error rate. In this work, we investigate the impact of the threshold on the finite‐sample familywise error rate. We derive a power maximizing threshold and show that it is well approximated by an adaptive threshold of Wang et al. (2016, arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.03330). We illustrate the investigated procedures on a case‐control study examining the effect of fish intake on the risk of colorectal adenoma. We also apply our procedure in the context of replicability analysis to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with crop yield in two distinct environments.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of a prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase subfamily in Nicotiana benthamiana using DsRed2 for plant selection
Authors: Uetz Pia , Melnik Stanislav , Grünwald‐Gruber Clemens , Strasser Richard , Stoger Eva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe properties of host plants used for molecular farming can be modified by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to improve the quality and yield of recombinant proteins. However, it is often necessary to target multiple genes simultaneously, particularly when using host plants with large and complex genomes. This is the case for Nicotiana benthamiana, an allotetraploid relative of tobacco frequently used for transient protein expression. A multiplex genome editing system incorporating the DsRed2 fluorescent marker for the identification and selection of transgenic plants was established. As proof of principle, NbP4H4 was targeted encoding a prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase involved in protein O‐linked glycosylation. Using preselected gRNAs with efficiencies confirmed by transient expression, transgenic plant lines with knockout mutations in all four NbP4H4 genes were obtained. Leaf fluorescence was then used to screen for the absence of the SpCas9 transgene in T1 plants, and transgene‐free lines with homozygous or biallelic mutations were identified. The analysis of plant‐produced recombinant IgA1 as a reporter protein revealed changes in the number of peptides containing hydroxyproline residues and pentoses in the knockout plants. The selection of efficient gRNAs combined with the DsRed2 marker reduces the effort needed to generate N. benthamiana mutants and simplifies the screening processes to obtain transgene‐free progeny.
Revisiting the surgical anatomy of the triangle of doom and the triangle of pain
Authors: Gupta Richa , Gupta Tulika , Kumari Chiman , Aggarwal Anjali , Sahni Daisy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBetter understanding of the surgical anatomy of the triangle of doom and the triangle of pain with fixed bony landmarks like the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic symphysis (PS) can help in defining a safe location for trocar placement during laparoscopic surgeries and minimize neurovascular complications. Ten cadavers were dissected bilaterally to explore the surgical anatomy of both the triangles. ASIS and PS were evaluated in relation to the deep inguinal ring, external iliac artery, femoral nerve, and inferior epigastric artery. The deep inguinal ring was located at a depth of ~3 cm, about 4.9 ± 0.56 cm along the y‐axis and 6.2 ± 0.94 cm along the x‐axis, from the ASIS. The external iliac artery was located ~4.33 ± 0.6 cm along the y‐axis and 7.29 ± 0.76 along the x‐axis from the ASIS. The inferior epigastric artery was at ~4.31 ± 0.38 cm from the midline at the level of ASIS. This knowledge can help in the surface localization of both the triangles and prevent injury to the various neurovascular structures in relation to these triangles. In the current study, cranial to the ASIS lying at a distance of >5 cm from the midline was observed to be a safe zone for accessory trocar placement. The umbilical port has been observed to be safe for trocar placement. The mean angle between ductus deferens and testicular vessels was observed to be 43.5° ± 4.79°, which could help in determining their relative locations during various surgical procedures.
Cat scratch disease without a history of cat exposure
Authors: Oka Kosuke , Takagi Yume , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA patient complaining of swelling and tenderness in her left axilla was diagnosed with cat scratch disease despite no apparent history of cat exposure. Zoonosis can occur even in the absence of cat exposure because cat flea Ctenocephalides felis is also the vector of the pathogen through the flea feces.
Porocarcinoma of the left arm: A report of a rare skin cancer case and literature review
Authors: Signorelli Carlo , Zanella‐Cavallero Luca , Ranucci Valentina , Pellicciotti Antonio , Ruggeri Enzo Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPorocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that develops from the intraepidermal ductal part of eccrine sweat glands. It can arise de novo or from poroma ground with high potential for locoregional metastatic spread, morbidity, and mortality. It mostly occurs in elderly patients.
It is spatial neglect syndrome, not only attention deficit! A child with spinal ependymoma post‐resection misdiagnosed as having ADHD: Case report
Authors: Alsalhi Saleh Mohammed , Alqahtani Mohammed M. J. , Alotaibi Ghaniah , AlAdamawi Somayyah A. , Arnous Razan Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe neurobehavioral syndrome known as spatial neglect, which could be a result of a brain tumor, is common but difficult to diagnose and manage. This case study describes the evaluation of spatial neglect syndrome psychologically in detail and also builds an initial discussion of the role of the Arabic language, which requires a right‐to‐left‐oriented spatial frame, to understand the severity of the symptoms. We report a case of spatial neglect syndrome after a brain tumor. A 7‐year‐old boy presented to the CDC clinics with a significant limitation of attention and very poor school achievement. The patient underwent several neuropsychological assessments, including an intellectual IQ test, social and adaptive behavior testing, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder testing, and a battery of neuropsychological tests to detect the presence of spatial neglect, as well as a psychological interview and observation. We present a 7‐year‐old boy with spatial neglect syndrome who visited the primary children's mental health department. The additional role of the Arabic language could have more of an impact on the symptoms and the proper rehabilitation intervention. After the proper diagnosis and rehabilitation intervention, the child showed a good outcome with regard to his attention and focusing skills as well as his school performance.
Isthmocele, a rising pathology
Authors: de Vasconcelos Gaspar Andreia , Brandão Ana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIsthmocele is a growing pathology due to the increase in the number of cesarean deliveries. Pelvic pain and abnormal uterine bleeding are common complaints in our clinical practice, and isthmocele should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially in women who underwent previous cesarean sections.
IUD perforation and embedment within omentum: A rare and perplexing incidence
Authors: Tarafdari Azadeh , Malek Mahrooz , Pahlevan Falahy Elaheh , Hadizadeh Alireza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntrauterine devices rarely fail, which results in pregnancy. Meanwhile, these devices can perforate uterine and migrate through abdomen. Our case experienced IUD failure and perforation simultaneously, and the device was embedded in omentum and shifted rapidly, which made it hard to localize and could only be removed using ultrasonography guidance.
Pregnancy‐triggered pemphigus vulgaris with favorable fetal outcomes: A case report
Authors: Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Shahmoradi Zabihollah , Alizadeh ‬Maryam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune bullous dermatosis which if occurred during pregnancy may result in neonatal complications. In this study we report a 41 years old woman with pemphigus vulgaris that triggered by pregnancy in first trimester of pregnancy followed by the premature birth of a healthy neonate.
Subclavian steal syndrome secondary to atherosclerosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Rijal Sabina , Karki Bibek , Thapa Narayan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubclavian Steal Syndrome (SSS) is a rare vascular syndrome caused due to proximal occlusion or stenosis of subclavian or innominate artery. It is usually asymptomatic but occasionally may present with vertebro‐basilar insufficiency and/or upper limb ischemia. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause.
Eine Explosion der Farben
Authors: Karl Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Verwendung neuer Farbpigmente, die nach dem Mittelalter Eingang in die europäische Kunstmalerei fanden, wie Preußisch Blau, auf dem neu entdeckten Element Chrom basierende Gelb‐ und Grünpigmente, die Kupfer(II)arsenite Scheeles Grün und Schweinfurter Grün sowie auf Cobalt basierende Blaufarbmittel wie Kobaltblau und Coelinblau wird anhand von Gemälden hauptsächlich der Impressionisten erläutert.
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Press Cake Powder: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Thanki Arti , Padhiyar Hirendrasinh , Singh Nitin Kumar , Yadav Manish , Christian Johnson 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMoringa oleifera (MO), also known as drumstick tree, has gained worldwide attention among researchers and policy makers, for showing its remarkable potential in environmental management. Recently, MO seed or press cake (a by‐product of oil extraction industry) powder has also emerged as an alternative and promising coagulant for environmental remediation. In this view, attempts have been made in this study to evaluate the efficacy of MO seed and press cake powder (MSP & PCP) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Both MSP and PCP are characterized by using swelling ratio, scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The effect of various operational parameters such as coagulation–flocculation pH (2–10), coagulant dosage (0.1–1 g L−1), and sedimentation time (0–180 min), etc., is investigated to understand the potential of MSP and PCP. At optimized operational conditions, sedimentation kinetics is also performed suggesting that the treatment process is being governed by the second‐order kinetic model. The chemical and biological oxygen demand removals at optimized conditions are observed as follows: ≈38 and ≈73% for MSP and ≈47 and ≈85% for PCP. Overall, the results of the present study elucidated that PCP can be employed as a promising alternative of MSP for municipal wastewater with improved treatment efficiencies.
Thyroid abnormalities in children with Down syndrome at St. Paul's hospital millennium medical college, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulu Birtukan , Fantahun Bereket 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the commonest thyroid abnormality in patients with Down syndrome (DS). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of thyroid abnormalities, to assess the age at diagnosis, and to examine the screening practice in children with DS in a resource limited setting.MethodologyA retrospective study was conducted in children with DS seen at endocrine follow‐up clinic. Data were collected from patients' registration book and medical records.ResultA total of 115 patients with DS were included in the study out of which 64 (59.8%) were males. Their median age at diagnosis was 9 months (range 4–15 years). Thyroid function test (TFT) was done at least once for 107 (93%) patients. Abnormal thyroid function was observed in 51 (47.7%) patients. The commonest thyroid abnormality was SCH (30/107, 28%) followed by congenital hypothyroidism (11/107, 10.3%), overt hypothyroidism (9/107, 8.4%) and hyperthyroidism (1/107, 0.9%). Most of the patients (86/107, 80.4%) were tested initially in the first 2 years of life. From those who were tested between the age of 2–6 months (n = 22 patients), seven (31.8%) patients had thyroid abnormalities.ConclusionThyroid abnormalities were seen in a remarkable proportion of DS patients. The detection of abnormalities in the patients with age range of 2–6 months demands the need for additional TFT in this age category apart from the standard recommendation. Early diagnosis and management of thyroid abnormalities are important to decrease further impairment of cognition function in children with DS.
In vitro human cell‐based aneugen molecular mechanism assay
Authors: Hall Nikki E. , Tichenor Kyle , Bryce Steven M. , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Dertinger Stephen D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis laboratory previously described an in vitro human cell‐based assay and data analysis scheme that discriminates common molecular targets responsible for chemical‐induced in vitro aneugenicity: tubulin destabilization, tubulin stabilization, and inhibition of Aurora kinases (Bernacki et al., Toxicol. Sci. 170 [2019] 382–393). The current report describes updated procedures that simplify benchtop processing and data analysis methods. For these experiments, human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were exposed to each of 25 aneugens over a range of concentrations in the presence of fluorescent paclitaxel (488 Taxol). After a 4 h treatment period, cells were lysed and nuclei were stained with a nucleic acid dye and labeled with fluorescent antibodies against phospho‐histone H3 (p‐H3). Flow cytometric analyses revealed several unique signatures: tubulin stabilizers caused increased frequencies of p‐H3‐positive events with concentration‐dependent increases in 488 Taxol‐associated fluorescence; tubulin destabilizers caused increased frequencies of p‐H3‐positive events with concomitant decreases in 488 Taxol‐associated fluorescence; and Aurora kinase B inhibitors caused reduced frequencies of p‐H3‐positive events and lower median fluorescent intensities of p‐H3‐positive events. These results demonstrate a simple rubric based on 488 Taxol‐ and p‐H3‐associated metrics can reliably discriminate between several commonly encountered aneugenic molecular mechanisms.
A short note revisiting the concentration index: Does the normalization of the concentration index matter?
Authors: Ataguba John E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concentration index, including its normalization, is prominently used to assess socioeconomic inequalities in health and health care. Wagstaff's and Erreygers' normalizations or corrections of the standard concentration index are the most suggested approaches when analyzing binary health variables encountered in many health economics and health services research. In empirical applications of the corrected or normalized concentration indices, researchers interpret them similarly to the standard concentration index, which may be problematic as this ignores their underlying behaviors. This paper shows that the empirical bounds of the standard concentration index, including the corrected indices, depend not only on the sample size directly but also on the sampling weight. Notably, the paper highlights critical challenges for assessing and interpreting the popular Wagstaff's and Erreygers' corrected concentration indices with binary health variables. Specifically, it shows that it might be misleading, for example, to assess socioeconomic health inequalities using the magnitude of the “symmetric” Erreygers' corrected concentration index in the face of progressive improvements in the binary health variable. Also, Wagstaff's normalized concentration index may give a spurious “concentration” of the binary health variable among the rich or the poor in certain rare instances.
Theoretical frameworks for project goal‐setting: A qualitative case study of an organisational practice in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbeiwi Osahon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionGoal‐setting in any practice context is vague unless the process is based on a framework that produces good goals. Popular goal‐setting frameworks construct Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time‐bound (SMART) goal statements. Yet, research of how healthcare goals that are foundational to health plans are formulated is scanty. This case study explored the goal‐setting practice of an organisation in Nigeria to discover the theoretical frameworks for setting the goals of their leprosy projects.MethodsThe study triangulated individual semi‐structured interviews of 10 leprosy managers with a review of their project plans and a participant observation of the organisation's annual planning event. A five‐stage thematic analysis was used to serially identify, code, and integrate goal‐setting themes from the data collected.FindingsThis produced three final emergent themes: stakeholders, strategy, and goal statements, with 11 associated conceptual frameworks. All were further theoretically integrated into one general framework that illustrates the organisational goal‐setting practice at the time of study. This revealed a practice with a four‐staged linear centre‐driven process that led to a top‐down, problem‐based goal formulation, and produced assigned project plans based on hierarchical non‐SMART goal statements.ConclusionCollaborative goal‐setting process is proposed for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timed, and Agreeable statements of project objectives and aims written with Change, Beneficiaries, Indicator, Target, Timeframe and Change, Beneficiaries, Location, and Timeframe models respectively.
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending prenatal care in Bondo sub‐county, Western Kenya
Authors: Onuonga Kevin , Onguru Daniel , Ogolla Sidney , Mutanyi Joshua A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate prevalence and factors that contribute to intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending prenatal care in Bondo sub‐county, Western Kenya.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis was conducted in three health facilities in Bondo, Western Kenya, from August 2020 to August 2021. Using systematic sampling 360 pregnant women attending prenatal care were selected. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Risk factors for intimate partner violence were determined using logistic regression.ResultsOut of the 360 respondents, 127 (35.3%) faced intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Among these, 86 (23.9%) experienced psychological violence, 56 (15.6%) experienced physical abuse, and 59 (16.4%) experienced sexual violence. Unemployment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.90; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.08–7.79), the inability to count on parents or siblings for support (aOR 2.48; 95% CI 1.14–5.43), and having a partner that drinks alcohol either daily (aOR 4.84; 95% CI 1.69–13.88) or occasionally (aOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.16–4.13) were independently associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy.ConclusionIn this setting, intimate partner violence prevalence among pregnant women was high. Unemployment, having an alcohol‐drinking partner, and the inability to count on parents or siblings for support were contributing factors.
MALAT1 regulates PCT expression in sepsis patients through the miR‐125b/STAT3 axis
Authors: Le Yuanjie , Shi Yongwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT) is an important marker in diagnosing sepsis. However, some other diseases can also cause an increase in PCT. PCT still has some limitations in the clinical application of diagnosing sepsis. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the regulatory mechanism of PCT expression in sepsis and provide new therapeutic targets for sepsis.MethodsBlood samples from clinical patients were collected, and peripheral blood monocytes were isolated. Bioinformatics was performed to find the ceRNA regulatory network of STAT3/PCT. MALAT1 and miR‐125b were detected by qRT‐PCR. MALAT1 was located by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in U937 cells, and the regulatory relationship between MALAT1, miR‐125b, and STAT3 was verified by double luciferase activity report and RNA pull‐down assay. U937 cells were transfected with miR‐125b, and the effects of the MALAT1/miR‐125b/STAT3 pathway on gene and protein secretion levels of PCT were verified by qRT‐PCR, western blot, and ELISA.ResultsIn the serum of sepsis patients and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)‐induced U937 cells, MALAT1, STAT3, and PCT gene expression levels were significantly increased, while miR‐125b expression level was decreased. FISH results showed that the MALAT1 transcript was mainly located in the nucleus. The double luciferase activity report and RNA pull‐down assay results suggested a targeted regulatory relationship between MALAT1, miR‐125b, and STAT3. LPS‐induced U937 cells transfection with MALAT1 siRNA decreased STAT3 protein expression and phosphorylation level and the expression of PCT. Co‐transfection with miR‐125b inhibitor effectively reversed this phenomenon.ConclusionsMALAT1 could upregulate the expressions of STAT3 and PCT by targeted adsorption of miR‐125b.
Nickel‐based anodes in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis: a review
Authors: Cossar Emily , Murphy Frédéric , Baranova Elena A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a promising technology for efficiently producing low‐cost hydrogen (H2). Of the two half‐cell reactions in AEMWE, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is kinetically sluggish, requiring an electrocatalyst to promote the reaction. Nickel (Ni) is a promising non‐noble metal catalyst for OER due to its low cost, high stability, and activity in alkaline media. In an AEMWE, Ni particles form a catalytic layer bound together using an anion exchange ionomer (AEI), which also serves to provide hydroxide ion transport throughout the layer.RESULTSIn this review, reports of lab synthesized Ni particle‐based anode catalytic layers with AEIs, used specifically in AEMWE devices, are summarized from 2015 onwards to highlight the recent research and development of active Ni‐based AEMWE anodes. The synthesis and electrode fabrication method for the anodes is analyzed to offer a perspective on the feasibility of industrial scale AEMWE. As ionomeric binders are an important component of AEMWE anodes, the ionomer type and loading used with the Ni‐based particles is also summarized with a focus on how those parameters affect catalytic performance.CONCLUSIONThe literature analysis performed in this work demonstrates the potential of the AEMWE process and provides recommendations for future work on furthering the current understanding of the interactions between the various components of the system. Additionally, it is recommended that future research efforts be focused on further understanding how developed materials perform in a working AEMWE device. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).