bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Action Failure Highlighted as Leading Global Risk by Both Scientists and Business Leaders
Authors: Wynes Seth , Garard Jennifer , Fajardo Paola , Aoyagi Midori , Burkins Melody , Chaudhari Kalpana , Forrester Terrence , Garschagen Matthias , Hudson Paul , Ivanova Maria , Maibach Edward , Stevance Anne‐Sophie , Wood Sylvia , Matthews Damon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the increased salience of infectious disease risk due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, two recent surveys of the business and scientific communities have found a continued belief in the prominence of environmental risks. In particular, failure to take action on climate change was seen as a highly likely risk whose impacts would become locked‐in barring an immediate global response. These expert opinions are consistent with a growing body of evidence and give us insight into the priorities of global thought leaders who study and respond to risk. Given this alignment in priorities, we argue for the importance of integrating climate and environmental action into responses to emerging threats.
Breaking the Ecosystem Balance Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Han Dongliang , Huang Jianping , Ding Lei , Zhang Guolong , Liu Xiaoyue , Li Changyu , Yang Fan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcosystem imbalance is often associated with a feedback mechanism, which a self‐amplifying or ‐dampening process expressed by a pathway of causal processes that come back to its starting point, establishing a cycle. Warming, which is increasing worldwide due to human activities, influences the structure and functioning of ecosystems, has threatened sustainable regional and global development, especially over the mountain regions. This is because, the climatic condition rapidly changes along elevation gradients, which may amplify or mitigate the effects of climate on ecosystems. Based on it, a reference system and standardized techniques are extremely important to understand the ecosystem imbalance. Because of terrestrial oxygen production (TOP), which is the terrestrial biosphere continually absorbs CO2 and releases O2 resulting through vegetation photosynthesis, is closely related to the exchange of energy, carbon and other ecosystem factors between the atmosphere and the land. Therefore, whether TOP significantly increases indicate that accelerate in ecosystem imbalance over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is largely unknown. To do so, integrated with characteristics and drivers of TOP, we investigated how TOP changes respond to ecosystem imbalance over the TP. These changes are influenced by related to climatic conditions, plant productivity, soil fertility, and microbial stability, which can establish a positive feedback loop that standardized direct effect is 0.99, 0.73, 0.75, and 0.75. Our findings suggest that ecosystem imbalance will accelerate with rapid TOP increase over the TP by ∼2,100. This study confirms the importance of the ecosystem imbalance under global warming in the future.
Regime Shift in Annual Nitrate Concentration in the Upper Southern Chukchi Borderland Responded to the Westward Shift of the Beaufort Gyre
Authors: Dong Chunming , Luo Xiaofan , Zheng Zijia , Zhao Wei , Wei Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent strengthening and westward movement of the Beaufort Gyre (BG), along with the rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice creates a new hotspot for investigating ecosystem responses to environmental changes over the Chukchi Borderland. As an important basis for primary production, nutrient variation and its controls in this hotspot region require to be preliminarily clarified. Using a hindcast simulation of a coupled ocean‐sea ice‐biogeochemical model (NAPA‐BGC) covering 1998–2015, this study suggests a regime shift in annual nitrate concentration in the upper southern Chukchi Borderland with the lower concentration since 2009. The relative contributions of biological and physical processes to annual nitrate variation are quantified via budget estimates. The results show a less temporally variable contribution of biological processes to nitrate variation, while the role of advection shifting from a nitrate source to a nitrate sink since 2009. This suggests physical processes mainly determine the nitrate transition in the upper southern Chukchi Borderland. Driven by the westward shift of the BG, the westward and southward expansion of the upper oligotrophic Canada Basin water narrows the pathway of nitrate‐rich shelf water flowing over the Chukchi Borderland. Meanwhile, the enhanced anticyclonic velocity at the marginal BG leads to an increased westward nitrate flux across the Chukchi Borderland and decreased nitrate supply to the north. Consequently, higher nitrate concentration exists in a narrow region to the south of 75°N, whereas the remaining areas have lower nitrate concentration, contributing to the overall reduction in annual averaged nitrate concentration since 2009 in the southern Chukchi Borderland.
Quaternary E‐W Extension Uplifts Kythira Island and Segments the Hellenic Arc
Authors: de Gelder Gino , Fernández‐Blanco David , Öğretmen Nazik , Liakopoulos Spyros , Papanastassiou Dimitris , Faranda Costanza , Armijo Rolando , Lacassin Robin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral crustal and lithospheric mechanisms lead to deformation and vertical motion of the upper plate during subduction, but their relative contribution is often enigmatic. Multiple areas of the Hellenic Forearc have been uplifting since Plio‐Quaternary times, yet spatiotemporal characteristics and sources of this uplift are poorly resolved. The remarkable geology and geomorphology of Kythira Island, in the southwestern Hellenic forearc, allow for a detailed tectonic reconstruction since the Late Miocene. We present a morphotectonic map of the island, together with new biostratigraphic dating and detailed analyses of active fault strikes and marine terraces. We find that the Tortonian‐Pliocene stratigraphy in Kythira records ∼100 m of subsidence, and a wide coastal rasa marks the ∼2.8–2.4 Ma maximum transgression. Subsequent marine regression of ∼300–400 m and minor E‐W tilt are recorded in ∼12 marine terrace levels for which we estimate uplift rates of ∼0.2–0.4 mm/yr. Guided by simple landscape evolution models, we interpret the coastal morphology as the result of initial stability or of slow, gradual sea‐level drop since ∼2.8–2.4 Ma, followed by faster uplift since ∼1.5–0.7 Ma. Our findings on‐ and offshore suggest that E‐W extension is the dominant mode of regional active upper crustal deformation, and N‐S normal faults accommodate most, if not all of the uplift on Kythira. We interpret the initiation of E‐W extension as the result of a change in plate boundary conditions, in response to either propagation of the North Anatolian Fault, incipient collision with the African plate, mantle dynamics or a combination thereof.
Probability Distribution for Water Fluxes in a Heterogeneous Unsaturated Zone Using an Ensemble of 1D Simulations
Authors: Weissman Gal , Dahan Ofer , Bel Golan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGroundwater recharge plays an important role in water resource management. In arid and semi‐arid areas, the groundwater recharge under agricultural fields constitutes a large portion of the total recharge. Estimating the agricultural recharge is important for groundwater management and assessing contamination risk. However, estimations of the recharge fluxes are difficult due to the soil heterogeneity and the complex nature of the flow processes in the soil. Here, we suggest a new method for estimating the recharge flux probability distribution that accounts for the soil heterogeneity. The method is demonstrated using a unique data set of long‐term continuous measurements of water content under an agricultural field. The measurements are used to assign weights to a large ensemble of hydraulic parameter sets. The weights are then used to derive the probability distribution of flux under different agricultural practices. We found that the distribution of the recharge fluxes varies considerably between one annual crop and a cycle of three crops over 2 years. However, the distribution of the fraction of the input water that infiltrates does not vary much between the two practices. Under natural conditions, with no irrigation, the recharge flux is much smaller, and its distribution is narrower. Our approach provides the full probability distribution of fluxes rather than a single expected value of the flux or its mean.
Splenic red pulp macrophages provide a niche for CML stem cells and induce therapy resistance
Authors: Bührer Elias D. , Amrein Michael A. , Forster Stefan , Isringhausen Stephan , Schürch Christian M. , Bhate Salil S. , Brodie Tess , Zindel Joel , Stroka Deborah , Sayed Mohamad Al , Nombela-Arrieta César , Radpour Ramin , Riether Carsten , Ochsenbein Adrian F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDisease progression and relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are caused by therapy resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs), and cure relies on their eradication. The microenvironment in the bone marrow (BM) is known to contribute to LSC maintenance and resistance. Although leukemic infiltration of the spleen is a hallmark of CML, it is unknown whether spleen cells form a niche that maintains LSCs. Here, we demonstrate that LSCs preferentially accumulate in the spleen and contribute to disease progression. Spleen LSCs were located in the red pulp close to red pulp macrophages (RPM) in CML patients and in a murine CML model. Pharmacologic and genetic depletion of RPM reduced LSCs and decreased their cell cycling activity in the spleen. Gene expression analysis revealed enriched stemness and decreased myeloid lineage differentiation in spleen leukemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs). These results demonstrate that splenic RPM form a niche that maintains CML LSCs in a quiescent state, resulting in disease progression and resistance to therapy.
Time of exposure to social defeat stress during childhood and adolescence and redox dysregulation on long-lasting behavioral changes, a translational study
Authors: Schnider Mirko , Jenni Raoul , Ramain Julie , Camporesi Sara , Golay Philippe , Alameda Luis , Conus Philippe , Do Kim Q. , Steullet Pascal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTraumatic events during childhood/early adolescence can cause long-lasting physiological and behavioral changes with increasing risk for psychiatric conditions including psychosis. Genetic factors and trauma (and their type, degree of repetition, time of occurrence) are believed to influence how traumatic experiences affect an individual. Here, we compared long-lasting behavioral effects of repeated social defeat stress (SD) applied during either peripuberty or late adolescence in adult male WT and Gclm-KO mice, a model of redox dysregulation relevant to schizophrenia. As SD disrupts redox homeostasis and causes oxidative stress, we hypothesized that KO mice would be particularly vulnerable to such stress. We first found that peripubertal and late adolescent SD led to different behavioral outcomes. Peripubertal SD induced anxiety-like behavior in anxiogenic environments, potentiated startle reflex, and increased sensitivity to the NMDA-receptor antagonist, MK-801. In contrast, late adolescent SD led to increased exploration in novel environments. Second, the long-lasting impact of peripubertal but not late adolescent SD differed in KO and WT mice. Peripubertal SD increased anxiety-like behavior in anxiogenic environments and MK-801-sensitivity mostly in KO mice, while it increased startle reflex in WT mice. These suggest that a redox dysregulation during peripuberty interacts with SD to remodel the trajectory of brain maturation, but does not play a significant role during later SD. As peripubertal SD induced persisting anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in male mice, we then investigated anxiety in a cohort of 89 early psychosis male patients for whom we had information about past abuse and clinical assessment during the first year of psychosis. We found that a first exposure to physical/sexual abuse (analogous to SD) before age 12, but not after, was associated with higher anxiety at 6–12 months after psychosis onset. This supports that childhood/peripuberty is a vulnerable period during which physical/sexual abuse in males has wide and long-lasting consequences.
Involvement of a BH3-only apoptosis sensitizer gene Blm-s in hippocampus-mediated mood control
Authors: Huang Pei-Hsin , Yang Tsung-Ying , Yeh Chia-Wei , Huang Sheng-Min , Chang Ho-Ching , Hung Yun-Fen , Chu Wen-Chia , Cho Kuan-Hung , Lu Tzu-Pin , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Lee Li-Jen , Kuo Li-Wei , Lien Cheng-Chang , Cheng Hwai-Jong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMood disorders are an important public health issue and recent advances in genomic studies have indicated that molecules involved in neurodevelopment are causally related to mood disorders. BLM-s (BCL-2-likemolecule,small transcript isoform), a BH3-only proapoptotic BCL-2 family member, mediates apoptosis of postmitotic immature neurons during embryonic cortical development, but its role in the adult brain is unknown. To better understand the physiological role ofBlm-sgene in vivo, we generated aBlm-s-knockout (Blm-s−/−) mouse. TheBlm-s−/−mice breed normally and exhibit grossly normal development. However, global depletion ofBlm-sis highly associated with depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in adult mutant mice with intact learning and memory capacity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of adultBlm-s−/−mice reveals reduced connectivity mainly in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of the hippocampus with no alteration in the dorsal DG connectivity and in total hippocampal volume. At the cellular level, BLM-s is expressed in DG granule cells (GCs), andBlm-s−/−mice show reduced dendritic complexity and decreased spine density in mature GCs. Electrophysiology study uncovers that mature vGCs in adultBlm-s−/−DG are intrinsically more excitable. Interestingly, certain genetic variants of the humanBlmhomologue gene (VPS50) are significantly associated with depression traits from publicly resourced UK Biobank data. Taken together, BLM-s is required for the hippocampal mood control function. Loss of BLM-s causes abnormality in the electrophysiology and morphology of GCs and a disrupted vDG neural network, which could underlieBlm-s-null-associated anxiety and depression.
Association between systemic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and corneal nerve structure and function
Authors: Britten-Jones Alexis Ceecee , Craig Jennifer P. , Anderson Andrew J. , Downie Laura E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. This study sought to determine the relationship between corneal parameters and systemic omega-3 fatty acid levels.

Methods
Forty-seven participants with no/mild peripheral neuropathy (26 with diabetes and 21 without) underwent comprehensive ocular surface and systemic PUFA assessments. Corneal anatomical parameters were assessed using in vivo confocal microscopy. Corneal sensitivity was measured using non-contact esthesiometry. Relationships between systemic PUFA levels and corneal parameters were evaluated with multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, neuropathy symptom score, and presence of diabetes and dry eye disease. The relationship between corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL) and corneal sensitivity threshold was evaluated.

Results
The median Omega-3 Index, a measure of erythrocyte EPA and DHA, was 5.21% (interquartile range: 4.44–5.94%) in the study population. Mean ( ± SD) CNFL was 13.53 ± 3.37 mm/mm2. Multiple linear regression showed that Omega-3 Index (β = 0.33; p = 0.02), age (β = −0.46; p = 0.001) and diabetes (β = −0.30; p = 0.03) were independently associated with CNFL (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.002). In a separate model, DHA (β = 0.32; p = 0.027) and age (β = −0.41; p = 0.003) were associated with CNFL (R2 = 0.37, p = 0.003). Neither systemic EPA nor omega-6 fatty acid levels correlated with CNFL. There was no association between PUFA levels and corneal sensitivity or corneal immune cell density. A negative correlation was found between CNFL and corneal sensation thresholds to a cooled stimulus in diabetes participants, in the central (ρ = −0.50; p = 0.009) and peripheral (ρ = −0.50; p = 0.01) cornea.

Conclusions
A positive relationship between the systemic Omega-3 Index and corneal nerve parameters suggests omega-3 PUFA intake may influence corneal nerve architecture.
Modelling clinical DNA fragmentation in the development of universal PCR-based assays for bisulfite-converted, formalin-fixed and cell-free DNA sample analysis
Authors: Johnston Andrew D. , Lu Jennifer , Korbie Darren , Trau Matt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn fragmented DNA, PCR-based methods quantify the number of intact regions at a specific amplicon length. However, the relationship between the population of DNA fragments within a sample and the likelihood they will amplify has not been fully described. To address this, we have derived a mathematical equation that relates the distribution profile of a stochastically fragmented DNA sample to the probability that a DNA fragment within that sample can be amplified by any PCR assay of arbitrary length. Two panels of multiplex PCR assays for quantifying fragmented DNA were then developed: a four-plex panel that can be applied to any human DNA sample and used to estimate the percentage of regions that are intact at any length; and a two-plex panel optimized for quantifying circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). For these assays, regions of the human genome least affected by copy number aberration were identified and selected; within these copy-neutral regions, each PCR assay was designed to amplify both genomic and bisulfite-converted DNA; and all assays were validated for use in both conventional qPCR and droplet-digital PCR. Finally, using the cfDNA-optimized assays we find evidence of universally conserved nucleosome positioning among individuals.
Brain correlates of action word memory revealed by fMRI
Authors: Shebani Zubaida , Carota Francesca , Hauk Olaf , Rowe James B. , Barsalou Lawrence W. , Tomasello Rosario , Pulvermüller Friedemann 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding language semantically related to actions activates the motor cortex. This activation is sensitive to semantic information such as the body part used to perform the action (e.g. arm-/leg-related action words). Additionally, motor movements of the hands/feet can have a causal effect on memory maintenance of action words, suggesting that the involvement of motor systems extends to working memory. This study examined brain correlates of verbal memory load for action-related words using event-related fMRI. Seventeen participants saw either four identical or four different words from the same category (arm-/leg-related action words) then performed a nonmatching-to-sample task. Results show that verbal memory maintenance in the high-load condition produced greater activation in left premotor and supplementary motor cortex, along with posterior-parietal areas, indicating that verbal memory circuits for action-related words include the cortical action system. Somatotopic memory load effects of arm- and leg-related words were observed, but only at more anterior cortical regions than was found in earlier studies employing passive reading tasks. These findings support a neurocomputational model of distributed action-perception circuits (APCs), according to which language understanding is manifest as full ignition of APCs, whereas working memory is realized as reverberant activity receding to multimodal prefrontal and lateral temporal areas.
Post-measurement compressed calibration for ICP-MS-based metal quantification in mine residues bioleaching
Authors: Rito Beatriz , Almeida Diogo , Coimbra Carina , Vicente Diogo , Francisco Romeu , Branco Rita , Weigand Harald , Morais Paula Vasconcelos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBioleaching is an actual economical alternative to treat residues, which allows, depending on the chosen strategy, two possible outcomes: (1) a leachate enriched with target metals, or (2) a residue enriched in target metals through the leaching of interfering components (IC). This work aimed to study the metals released by bioprocessing the Panasqueira mine tailings, as a strategy to increase critical metals' relative concentration in residues. Biostimulation of the local microbiota was compared to a bioaugmentation approach using the autochthonous Diaphorobacter polyhydroxybutyrativorans strain B2A2W2. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was selected to study the metals released in the leachate through multi-element external standards. A new data treatment method was developed to use a preliminary sweep of intensities to quantify the non-initial target metals concentration in the leachate, based on preliminary ICP-MS intensity measurements. The results demonstrated that biostimulation was an efficient bioleaching strategy for the IC silicon, aluminium, magnesium, selenium, manganese, zinc, iron, and copper, by decreasing concentration, resulting in a relative increase in the gallium and yttrium (10x) levels in the treated residue. The strategy followed to quantify a large number of elements with ICP-MS using a reduced number of data points for calibration proved valid and speeded up the analytical process.
Urge-tic associations in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Langelage Jennifer , Verrel Julius , Friedrich Julia , Siekmann Alina , Schappert Ronja , Bluschke Annet , Roessner Veit , Paulus Theresa , Bäumer Tobias , Frings Christian , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremonitory urges preceding tics are a cardinal feature of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), a developmental disorder usually starting during middle childhood. However, the temporal relation between urges and tics has only been investigated in adults. In 25 children and adolescents with GTS (8–18 years), we assess urge-tic associations, including inter-individual differences, correlation to clinical measures, and in comparison to a previously reported sample of adult GTS patients. Group-level analyses confirmed positive associations between urges and tics. However, at the individual level, less than half of participants showed positive associations, a similar proportion did not, and in two participants, the association was reversed. Tic expression and subjective urge levels correlated with corresponding clinical scores and participants with more severe tics during the urge monitor exhibited stronger urge-tic associations. Associations between reported urge levels and instantaneous tic intensity tended to be less pronounced in children and adolescents than in adult GTS patients. The observed heterogeneity of urge-tic associations cast doubt on the notion that tics are directly caused by urges. More severe tics may facilitate anticipation of tics and thereby lead to more pronounced urge-tic associations, consistent with a hypothesis of urges as a byproduct of tics.