bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning language in vivo
Authors: Casillas Marisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, I advocate for an enriched view of children's linguistic input, with the aim of building sustainable and tangible links between theoretical models of language development and families' everyday experiences. Children's language experiences constrain theoretical models in ways that may illuminate universal learning biases. However, more than that, these experiences provide a staggering array of test cases and demonstrate the stage‐setting effects of situational, familial, and societal context on language use and uptake. Centering on activity type as an entry point into context, I outline an approach—which I refer to as language in vivo—that draws on both big‐ and small‐data methods to generate grounded, informative, and representative descriptions of children's input. Minimally, this approach complements recent work that uses more bundled input measures. Maximally, an in vivo approach could inspire new questions, insights, and innovations to broaden the coverage and application of theoretical models to individual communities and families.
A multicenter randomized controlled clinical pilot study of buccally micro‐veneered lithium‐disilicate and zirconia crowns supported by titanium base abutments: 1‐year outcomes
Authors: Strasding Malin , Hicklin Stefan Paul , Todorovic Ana , Fehmer Vincent , Mojon Philippe , Sailer Irena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate survival rates, technical and biologic outcomes of buccally micro‐veneered all‐ceramic single implant crowns.Material and MethodsSixty subjects randomly received immediately or early placed implants. Crowns out of lithium‐disilicate (n = 30) and zirconia‐ceramic (n = 30) were bonded to titanium‐base‐abutments. Restorations were inspected at baseline (BL) and during follow‐up visits (6, 12 months). Technical and biologic parameters were recorded. Data were analysed descriptively. Differences between groups were tested with Student's t‐test. Paired T‐test was used when comparing data from the same implant or tooth over time. Linear model repeated measures were used to test differences between materials over time. Differences in counts were evaluated using Pearson Chi‐square test. The level of significance was at p < .05.ResultsAfter a mean observation time of 13.2 ± 2.4 months, 54 restorations were re‐examined. The implant survival rate was 98.3%, and the restoration survival rate was 100%. One early implant failure occurred. Two minor chippings occurred in lithium‐disilicate restorations. No chippings or fractures occurred in any zirconia restorations at 1 year (0%). The technical complication rate was 3.7%, with 7.7% complications among the lithium‐disilicate restorations and no differences between the two materials (p = .558). At 1‐year follow‐up, mean Bleeding on Probing (BOP) was higher at implants (0.27 ± 0.3) than adjacent teeth (0.17 ± 0.18) (p = .046) with no differences between materials (p = .36). Differences in pocket probing depth (PPD) between implants and adjacent teeth were significant (p < .01). Jemt Index improved significantly from BL to 1‐y‐follow‐up (p < .001).ConclusionsPreliminary results were good, suggesting that the ceramic type does not impact technical and biologic parameters.
Effect of donor pancreas extraction time on pancreas transplantation—a Swiss tertiary center experience
Authors: Rössler Fabian , Kümmerli Christoph , Hügli Sandro , Jonas Jan P. , Hübel Kerstin , Oberkofler Christian E. , Müller Philip C. , de Rougemont Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe aimed to assess the effect of donor pancreas extraction time (ET) on postoperative complications and graft function after pancreas transplantation (PT). We analyzed all consecutive donor pancreas procurements for the simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) and the associated PT in a Swiss transplant center over a 20‐year period. Pancreas ET was defined as the time from cold flush to static storage of the pancreas on ice. The primary endpoint was the effect of extraction time on surgical complications. Secondary endpoints comprised the effect of ET on graft function (insulin‐free survival) and graft pancreatitis. Of 115 procured pancreas grafts the median donor pancreas ET was 65 min (IQR: 48–78 min). In multivariable analysis, ET did not negatively affect major complications (OR 1.41 [95% CI: .59–3.36];p = .438) and insulin‐free survival (HR 1.42 [95% CI: .55–3.63];p = .459). The median CIT was 522 (441–608) min. CIT was associated with major complications (OR 2.51 [95% CI: 1.11–5.68];p = .027), but without impact on insulin‐free survival (HR 1.94 [95% CI: .84–4.48];p = .119). Patients with and without graft pancreatitis had no statistically significant differences in ET and CIT (p = .164 andp = .47, respectively). In multivariable analysis, Amylase levels > 270 U/L on postoperative day 1 were significantly associated with major complications (OR 3.61 [95% CI: 1.06–12.32];p = .040). Our results suggest that although no effect of ET on complications and graft function after PT was found, shorter CIT and less graft pancreatitis can have a positive impact on surgical complications. Results could possibly be influenced by the exceptional quality of the pancreas donors, with short travel distances and preservation times in Switzerland.
Contingent conversations build more than language: How communicative interactions in toddlerhood relate to preschool executive function skills
Authors: Masek Lillian R. , Weiss Staci Meredith , McMillan Brianna T. M. , Paterson Sarah J. , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐quality communicative interactions between caregivers and children provide a foundation for children's social and cognitive skills. Although most studies examining these types of interactions focus on child language outcomes, this paper takes another tack. It examines whether communicative, dyadic interactions might also relate to child executive function (EF) skills and whether child language might mediate this relation. Using a subset of data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, dyadic interactions between 2‐year‐olds and their mothers were coded for three behaviors: symbol‐infused joint engagement, routines and rituals, and fluency and connectedness. Child language was assessed at age 3 and three facets of EF (self‐regulation, sustained attention, and verbal working memory) were assessed at age 4.5. Structural equation modeling showed that dyadic interaction related to later child sustained attention and verbal working memory, indirectly through child language and directly related with child self‐regulation. This suggests that communicative interactions with caregivers that include both verbal and non‐verbal elements relate to child EF, in part through child language. Our findings have implications for the role of caregiver interactions in the development of language and cognitive skills more broadly.Research Highlights
Using structural equation modeling, we examined how communicative interactions between caregivers and toddlers relate to preschool executive function skills
Communicative interactions relate to later language which in turn relates to sustained attention and verbal working memory in preschool
Communicative interactions relate directly to self‐regulation in preschool
Associations between communicative interactions, language, and executive function vary across facets of executive function and may not be unidirectional
Nomogram model and risk score to predict 5‐year risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes in Chinese adults: Development and validation of a novel model
Authors: Han Yong , Hu Haofei , Liu Yufei , Wang Zhibin , Liu Dehong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo develop a personalized nomogram and risk score to predict the 5‐year risk of diabetes among Chinese adults with prediabetes.MethodsThere were 26 018 participants with prediabetes at baseline in this retrospective cohort study. We randomly stratified participants into two cohorts for training (n = 12 947) and validation (n = 13 071). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was applied to select the most significant variables among candidate variables. And we further established a stepwise Cox proportional hazards model to screen out the risk factors based on the predictors chosen by the LASSO model. We presented the model with a nomogram. The model's discrimination, clinical use and calibration were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve and calibration analysis. The associated risk factors were also categorized according to clinical cut‐points or tertials to create the diabetes risk score model. Based on the total score, we divided it into four risk categories: low, middle, high and extremely high. We also evaluated our diabetes risk score model's performance.ResultsWe developed a simple nomogram and risk score that predicts the risk of prediabetes by using the variables age, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and family history of diabetes. The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram was 0.8146 (95% CI 0.8035‐0.8258) and 0.8147 (95% CI 0.8035‐0.8259) for the training and validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve showed a perfect fit between predicted and observed diabetes risks at 5 years. Decision curve analysis presented the clinical use of the nomogram, and there was a wide range of alternative threshold probability spectrums. A total risk score of 0 to 2.5, 3 to 4.5, 5 to 7.5 and 8 to 13.5 is associated with low, middle, high and extremely high diabetes risk status, respectively.ConclusionsWe developed and validated a personalized prediction nomogram and risk score for 5‐year diabetes risk among Chinese adults with prediabetes, identifying individuals at a high risk of developing diabetes. Doctors and other healthcare professionals can easily and quickly use our diabetes score model to assess the diabetes risk status in patients with prediabetes. In addition, the nomogram model and risk score we developed need to be validated in a prospective cohort study.
Trends in the incidence of syphilis in the middle‐aged and older adults in Japan: A nationwide observational study, 2009–2019
Authors: Takahashi Misa , Hagiya Hideharu , Koyama Toshihiro , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: November 2022

AimSexually transmitted infections remain a neglected area of research in geriatrics. However, in the global aging societies, sexual health among the middle‐aged and older adults is an emerging public concern. High‐income countries are facing a resurgence of syphilis cases among young generations, but little is known about its prevalence in older populations. We aimed to investigate the national trend of syphilis cases in Japan.MethodsThis nationwide observational study used the publicly‐available database (2009–2019) to calculate crude and age‐adjusted incidence rates of syphilis per 100 000 population by age, sex and clinical stage. We collected data from patients aged ≥50 years and performed joinpoint regression analysis to estimate long‐term trends and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).ResultsThe total number of patients with syphilis increased about 8‐fold from 165 in 2009 to 1280 in 2019. AAPCs of crude incidence rates significantly increased in every age category; 33.2% in 50–59 years, 23.8% in 60–69 years and 20.9% in ≥70 years. Age‐adjusted incidence rates have surged at AAPCs of 28.7% in men and 23.1% in women, reaching 4.09 in men and 0.71 in women in 2019. By clinical stage, marked increases were observed in primary (AAPCs, 42.3% in men and 41.6% in women) and secondary syphilis (AAPCs, 24.9% in men and 24.2% in women).ConclusionsAn up‐toward trend of syphilis among people aged ≥50 years was observed. The importance of sexual health among older people should be highlighted in this aging Japanese society. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 1019–1024.
Development of bigel based dysphagia‐oriented products, structured with collagen and carnauba wax: characterisation and rheological behaviour
Authors: Eisinaitė Viktorija , Jasutienė Ina , Vinauskienė Rimantė , Leskauskaitė Daiva 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe aim of the study was to design composition of the bigels with required rheological properties that responds the needs of the dysphagia patients. Bigels were prepared with carnauba wax and different collagen concentrations in the hydrogel phase (40, 60%) as well as by changing oleogel to hydrogel ratio from 40:60 to 60:40. The stability, physical and rheological properties of obtained bigels were evaluated after their preparation and after 14 days storage. All obtained bigels were stable without phase separation and had a pleasant taste and good mouth‐feel, exept bigels with the higher oleogel fraction. Viscosity values at 50 s−1 divided formulated bigels into two groups: honey‐like and spoon thick. An increase of oleogel fraction caused an increase in the consistency index and elastic modulus. Higher firmness and cohesiveness values were obtained in the samples with the higher collagen concentration. It was also obtained that all rheological parameters increased after 14 days of storage. The present work develops a novel bigel‐based product with strong shear‐thinning behaviour and high protein concentration (16–36%). It is believed that such product could not only ensure the safe swallowing process but also reduce the risk of malnutrition development.
Hydrodynamic role of substrate attachment in shaping the suspension‐feeding current created by the marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata
Authors: Jiang Houshuo , Pechenik Jan A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs in lamellibranch bivalves, individuals of the common Atlantic slippersnail Crepidula fornicata beat cilia on their gill filaments to produce a suspension‐feeding current. Having only one shell and no siphons with which to direct water flow, however, individuals of C. fornicata must adhere to a solid substrate to facilitate normal feeding. Thus, what hydrodynamic role does substrate attachment play in producing, regulating, and directing the suspension‐feeding current for this species? Here, a combined particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics study was conducted to address this question. Three findings were obtained: (1) Juveniles of C. fornicata (shell length 6.0–10.6 mm) whose foot was attached to a solid surface generated a strong, fan‐like exhalant current and an almost equally strong, convergent inhalant current, both being spatially well extended; (2) juveniles of C. fornicata that were prevented from adhering to any surface also generated a strong, fan‐like exhalant current but a much weaker and spatially limited inhalant current; and (3) whether or not they were attached to a solid surface, juveniles of C. fornicata had almost the same performance or system characteristics of the ciliary water pump, including the relationship between flow pressure rise Δp across the ciliary zone and volume flow rate Q, pump resistance Δp/Q, and pressure coefficient for laminar flow Cp,l. These results indicate that the primary hydrodynamic effect of substrate attachment in C. fornicata is to form a complete inhalant chamber with a narrowed opening, such that negative flow pressure develops in the inhalant chamber, and a strong, convergent, spatially well‐extended inhalant current is generated to effectively bring in food particles from farther distances and to reduce refiltration of the outflowing water. Finally, ecological trade‐offs are discussed regarding the two distinct shell configuration strategies: (1) that of the single‐shelled C. fornicata, with only a naturally formed exhalant chamber and opening but not a morphologically defined inhalant chamber and opening, and (2) that of two‐shelled bivalves, with naturally formed exhalant and inhalant chambers.
The role of dietetics accreditation standards in supporting practice‐ready graduates – a policy analysis
Authors: d'Acoz Lucie d'Udekem , Meiklejohn Sarah , Palermo Claire 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite clear evidence that accreditation has the potential to shape the future of graduate outcomes and health professions, little research has examined accreditation policy within dietetics and whether it achieves its aims. This study aimed to interpret the purpose and positioning of dietetic accreditation standards internationally.MethodsThis study drew on Yanow's interpretive policy analysis approach. Countries with similar dietetics education and accreditation systems were selected for inclusion in this study, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. A purposive sample of participants involved in the accreditation process were identified and invited to participate in semistructured interviews. Accreditation standards from all countries were collected. Coding of text for purpose and meaning was undertaken. Codes were then grouped into categories and then themes, in line with the interpretive policy analysis approach that aims to seek meaning from the policy and identify conflicts.ResultsA total of 8 interviews and 11 accreditation standard documents were analysed from across the five countries. The analysis of data showed that the purpose of accreditation was protecting public safety by producing safe and effective dietetic graduates and supporting universities to achieve this. Focusing on input‐ versus outcome‐based education was a key conflict.ConclusionsThere is a unified purpose of accreditation internationally which may support global mobility of the dietetics workforce. Focusing more on outcome‐based standards may support the development of dietetics graduates better equipped to meet future needs.
Sources of nutrition advice and desired nutrition guidance in oncology care: Patient's perspectives
Authors: Keaver Laura , Richmond Janice , Rafferty Fiona , Douglas Pauline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to describe the proportion of cancer patients and survivors who receive nutrition advice, the sources of that advice and to explore the nutrition advice this cohort would like to have received.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional survey was completed by 211 cancer patients and survivors recruited through two hospitals in the North‐West of Ireland. The survey consisted of open‐ended and closed questions that aimed to explore the provision of and sources of nutrition advice and desired guidance in this cohort. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPPS, while open‐ended questions underwent thematic analysis.ResultsRespondents were mainly female (n = 133; 63%), aged 50–69 years old (n = 118; 56%), attending the outpatient department (n = 128; 60.7%) and < 5 years since diagnosis (n = 150; 71.7%). Breast (n = 69; 32.7%) was the most common cancer type. Respondents experienced a mean ± SD of 5 ± 3.1 nutrition impact symptoms. The most common was changes in taste/smell (n = 122; 57.8%). Although 53.6% (n = 113) reported being given advice, only 34.1% (n = 72) received this advice from a dietitian. The main sources of nutritional advice were friends and family. Respondents expressed their desire for nutrition advice from a dietitian and that this should be individualised, clear and practical. There was also a desire to avoid misinformation and uncertainty.ConclusionsThe results of the present study can be used to help tailor nutrition support for this group. There is a need to ensure that patients and survivors consistently receive evidence‐based advice tailored to their needs, cancer type and treatment stage.
Poly(I:C) promotes neurotoxic amyloid β accumulation through reduced degradation by decreasing neprilysin protein levels in astrocytes
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Tokumon Takuya , Obuchi Ayako , Kono Mari , Saigo Katsuyasu , Tanida Mamoru , Ikeda‐Matsuo Yuri , Sobue Kazuya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInflammation associated with viral infection of the nervous system has been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) is a Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist that mimics the inflammatory response to systemic viral infections. Despite growing recognition of the role of glial cells in AD pathology, their involvement in the accumulation and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain of patients with AD is poorly understood. Neprilysin (NEP) and insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) are the main Aβ‐degrading enzymes in the brain. This study investigated whether poly(I:C) regulated Aβ degradation and neurotoxicity by modulating NEP and IDE protein levels through TLR3 in astrocytes. To this aim, primary rat primary astrocyte cultures were treated with poly(I:C) and inhibitors of the TLR3 signaling. Protein levels were assessed by Western blot. Aβ toxicity to primary neurons was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release. Poly(I:C) induced a significant decrease in NEP levels on the membrane of astrocytes as well as in the culture medium. The degradation of exogenous Aβ was markedly delayed in poly(I:C)‐treated astrocytes. This delay significantly increased the neurotoxicity of exogenous Aβ1‐42. Altogether, these results suggest that viral infections induce Aβ neurotoxicity by decreasing NEP levels in astrocytes and consequently preventing Aβ degradation.image
Ethical conflict in nursing: A concept analysis
Authors: Liu Yuanfei , Wang Xueqing , Wang Zhaochen , Zhang Yuping , Jin Jingfen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper was to clarify the concept of ethical conflict in nursing and highlight the importance of tackling this issue.BackgroundEthical conflict is on the rise in the nursing context. It is associated with the compromise of nurses' well‐being and patient care. However, there is no thorough conceptual understanding of this concept.DesignConcept analysis.MethodsDatabases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SocINDEX) were searched for studies between 1984 and 2021. Both quantitative and qualitative studies related to ethical conflict in nursing were included. Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was used to identify the defining attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept of ethical conflict in nursing. We followed the PRISMA‐ScR checklist to report the study.ResultsThirty studies were included for conceptualization. Defining attributes were divided into four categories: (1) emotional responses, (2) incompatible values, (3) competing interests and (4) ambiguous obligations. The antecedents were (1) ethical sensitivity, (2) negative ethical climate, (3) insufficient authority, (4) unrealistic expectations, (5) poor collaboration and (6) inadequate resources. The consequences were identified as (1) moral residue, (2) loss of identity, (3) professional burnout and (4) poor patient care.ConclusionsA unified conceptual model of ethical conflict in nursing shed light on the ethical issues nurses might come across in practice. Despite the fact that ethical conflict is inherently negative, we conceptualised this concept as a neutral fact and an opportunity for nursing action. The construct identification provides basis for both the development of practice and the development of staff support and education.Relevance to Clinical PracticeA clearer understanding of such an important facet of nursing practice helps nurses raise awareness of ethical conflict and implement effective coping strategies to improve their well‐being and patient care.No Patient or Public ContributionThis is a review article conducted by the researchers, so there is no patient or public contribution.