bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary implementation of family-based treatment delivered by videoconferencing (FBT-V) for adolescent anorexia nervosa during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Pellegrini Danielle , Grennan Laura , Nicula Maria , Miller Catherine , Agar Paul , Webb Cheryl , Anderson Kristen , Barwick Melanie , Dimitropoulos Gina , Findlay Sheri , Kimber Melissa , McVey Gail , Lock James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFamily-Based Treatment (FBT)—the most widely supported treatment for pediatric eating disorders—transitioned to virtual delivery in many programs due to COVID-19. Using a blended implementation approach, we systematically examined therapist adherence to key components of FBT and fidelity to FBT by videoconferencing (FBT-V), preliminary patient outcomes, and team experiences with our FBT-V implementation approach as well as familial perceptions of FBT-V effectiveness. We examined our implementation approach across four pediatric eating disorder programs in Ontario, Canada, using mixed methods. Participants included therapists (n = 8), medical practitioners (n = 4), administrators (n = 6), and families (n = 5; 21 family members in total). We developed implementation teams at each site, provided FBT-V training, and offered clinical and implementation consultation. Therapists submitted video recordings of their first four FBT-V sessions for fidelity rating, and patient outcomes. Therapists self-reported readiness, attitudes, confidence, and adherence to FBT-V. Focus groups were conducted with each team and family after the first four sessions of FBT-V. Quantitative data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Qualitative data were analyzed using directed and summative content analysis. Therapists adhered to key FBT components and maintained FBT-V fidelity. Changes in therapists’ readiness, attitudes, and confidence in FBT-V over time were not significant. All patients gained weight. Focus groups revealed implementation facilitators/barriers, positives/negatives surrounding FBT-V training and consultation, suggestions for improvement, and effectiveness attributed to FBT-V. Our implementation approach appeared to be feasible and acceptable. Future research with a larger sample is required, furthering our understanding of this approach and exploring how organizational factors influence treatment fidelity.
The neuroprotective effects of estrogen and estrogenic compounds in spinal cord injury
Authors: Shvetcov Artur , Ruitenberg Marc J. , Delerue Fabien , Gold Wendy A. , Brown David A. , Finney Caitlin A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is damaged from either a traumatic event or disease. SCI is characterised by multiple injury phases that affect the transmission of sensory and motor signals and lead to temporary or long-term functional deficits. There are few treatments for SCI. Estrogens and estrogenic compounds, however, may effectively mitigate the effects of SCI and therefore represent viable treatment options. This review systematically examines the pre-clinical literature on estrogen and estrogenic compound neuroprotection after SCI. Several estrogens were examined by the included studies: estrogen, estradiol benzoate, Premarin, isopsoralen, genistein, and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Across these pharmacotherapies, we find significant evidence that estrogens indeed offer protection against myriad pathophysiological effects of SCI and lead to improvements in functional outcomes, including locomotion. A STRING functional network analysis of proteins modulated by estrogen after SCI demonstrated that estrogen simultaneously upregulates known neuroprotective pathways, such as HIF-1, and downregulates pro-inflammatory pathways, including IL-17. These findings highlight the strong therapeutic potential of estrogen and estrogenic compounds after SCI.
Identifying a minimal set of single nucleotide polymorphisms to classify the geographic origin of aP. falciparumsample from the pf3k database
Authors: Gustafson Kyle B. , Wenger Edward , Proctor Joshua L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenetic sequencing of malaria parasites has the potential to become an important tool in routine surveillance efforts for the control and eradication of malaria. For example, characterizing the epidemiological connectivity between different populations by assessing the genetic similarity of their parasites can offer insights for national malaria control programs and their strategic allocation of interventions. Despite the increase of whole-genome sequencing of malaria parasites, the development of a small set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), often referred to as a barcode, or a panel of amplicons remains programmatically relevant for large-scale, local generation of genetic data. Here, we present an application of a machine-learning method to classify the geographic origin of a sampleandidentify a small set of region-specific SNPs. We demonstrate that this method can automatically identify sets of SNPs which complement the currently targeted loci from the malaria scientific community. More specifically, we find that many of these machine-learned SNPs are near known and well-studied loci such as regions and markers linked to drug resistance, while also identifying new areas of the genome where function is less characterized. The application of this technique can complement current approaches for selecting SNP locations and effectively scales with an increase in sample size.
Consumer feces impact coral health in guild-specific ways
Authors: Grupstra Carsten G.B. , Howe-Kerr Lauren I. , van der Meulen Jesse A. , Veglia Alex J. , Coy Samantha R. , Correa Adrienne M.S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrobiota from consumer feces can impact resource species in guild-specific ways. We tested the effect of fresh and heat-killed feces from corallivorous (coral-eating) and grazer/detritivorous fish on coral health and found that fresh grazer/detritivore feces, but not fresh corallivore feces, affected coral health in detrimental ways compared to heat-killed feces, suggesting that microbiota in grazer/detritivore feces were harmful. Bacterial diversity across 10 fish species suggests our experimental findings are generalizable to consumer guild: corallivore feces contained more coral-associated bacteria, and lower abundances of the coral pathogen,Vibrio coralliilyticus. These findings recontextualize the ecological roles of consumers on coral reefs: although herbivores support coral dominance through removal of algal competitors, they also disperse coral pathogens. Corallivore predation can wound corals, yet their feces contain potentially beneficial coral-associated bacteria, supporting the hypothesized role of corallivores in coral symbiont dispersal. Such consumer-mediated microbial dispersal as demonstrated here has broad implications for environmental management.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the microbiota of pregnant women and their infants
Authors: Leftwich Heidi K. , Vargas-Robles Daniela , Rojas-Correa Mayra , Yap Yan Rou , Bhattarai Shakti , Ward Doyle V. , Fujimori Gavin , Forconi Catherine S. , Yeboah Tracy , Carter Acara , Kastrinakis Alyssa , Asirwatham Alison M. , Bucci Vanni , Moormann Ann M. , Maldonado-Contreras Ana 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe microbiome inherited at birth exerts marked effects on immune programming with long-term health consequences. Here, we demonstrated that the gut, vaginal, and oral microbial diversity of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection is reduced, and women with early infections exhibit a different vaginal microbiota composition compared to healthy controls at the time of delivery. Accordingly, infants born to pregnant women with early SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a unique oral microbiota dominated byStreptococcusspecies. Together, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy, particularly early infections, are associated with lasting changes in the microbiome of pregnant women compromising the initial microbial seed of their infant. Our results highlight the importance of further exploring the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the infant’s microbiome-dependent immune programming.One Sentence SummaryPregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection early in pregnancy and with active infection exhibit an altered vaginal and oral microbiota that is passed on to infants.
Automatically Identifying Childhood Health Outcomes on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology in Pregnancy
Authors: Klein Ari Z. , Gutiérrez Gómez José Agustín , Levine Lisa D. , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTData are limited regarding associations between pregnancy exposures and childhood outcomes. The objectives of this preliminary study were to (1) assess the availability of Twitter data during pregnancy for users who reported having a child with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), delayed speech, or asthma, and (2) automate the detection of these outcomes. We annotated 9734 tweets that mentioned these outcomes, posted by users who had reported their pregnancy, and used them to train and evaluate the automatic classification of tweets that reported these outcomes in their children. A classifier based on a RoBERTa-Large pretrained model achieved the highest F1-score of 0.93 (precision = 0.92 and recall = 0.94). Manually and automatically, we identified 3806 total users who reported having a child with ADHD (678 users), ASD (1744 users), delayed speech (902 users), or asthma (1255 users), enabling the use of Twitter data for large-scale observational studies.
What is particular about microplastics? A meta-analysis of the toxicity of microplastics and suspended sediments
Authors: Ogonowski M. , Wagner M. , Rogell B. , Haave M. , Lusher A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroplastics (MP) are perceived as a threat to aquatic ecosystems but bear many similarities to suspended sediments which are often considered less harmful. It is, therefore pertinent to determine if and to what extent MPs are different from other particles occurring in aquatic ecosystems in terms of their adverse effects. We applied meta-regressions to hazard data extracted from the literature and harmonized the data to construct Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) for both types of particles. The results demonstrate that the average toxicity of MPs is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of suspended solids. However, the estimates were associated with large uncertainties and did not provide very strong evidence. In part, this is due to the general lack of comparable experimental studies and dose-dependent point estimates. We, therefore, argue that a precautionary approach should be used and MP in the 1–1000 µm size range should be considered moderately more hazardous to aquatic organisms capable of ingesting such particles. Organisms inhabiting oligotrophic habitats like coral reefs and alpine lakes, with naturally low levels of non-food particles are likely more vulnerable, and it is reasonable to assume that MP pose a relatively higher risk to aquatic life in such habitats.SynopsisA meta-analysis indicates that microplastics are one order of magnitude more toxic than suspended sediments/solids, an estimate surrounded by considerable uncertainty.Graphical abstract
Multi-scale structural alterations of the thalamus and basal ganglia in focal epilepsy as demonstrated by 7T MRI
Authors: Haast Roy AM , Testud Benoit , Makhalova Julia , Dary Hugo , Cabane Alexandre , Le Troter Arnaud , Ranjeva Jean-Philippe , Bartolomei Fabrice , Guye Maxime 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFocal epilepsy is characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures that originate from cortical epileptogenic zone networks (EZN). More recently, analysis of intracerebral recordings showed that subcortical structures, and in particular the thalamus, play an important role in facilitating and/or propagating epileptic activity. This supports previously reported structural alterations of these structures. Nonetheless, between-patient differences in EZN (e.g., temporal vs. non-temporal lobe epilepsy) as well as other clinical features (e.g., number of epileptogenic regions) might impact the magnitude as well as spatial distribution of subcortical structural changes. Here we used 7 Tesla MRI T1data to provide a comprehensive description of subcortical morphological (volume, tissue deformation, and shape) and longitudinal relaxation (T1) changes in focal epilepsy patients to evaluate the impact of the EZN and patient-specific clinical features. Our results showed widespread morphometric and T1changes. Focusing on the thalamus, atrophy varied across nuclei but appeared most prominent for the TLE group and the ipsilateral side, while shortening of T1was observed for the lateral thalamus, in particular. Multivariate analyses across thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia showed that volume acted as the dominant discriminator between patients and controls, while (posterolateral) thalamic T1measures looked promising to further differentiate patients based on EZN. In particular, the observed differences in T1changes between thalamic nuclei indicated differential involvement of thalamic nuclei based on EZN. Finally, the number of epileptogenic regions was found to best explain the observed variability between patients. To conclude, this work revealed multi-scale subcortical alterations in focal epilepsy as well as their dependence on several clinical characteristics. Our results provide a basis for further, in-depth investigations using (quantitative) MRI and SEEG data and warrant further personalization of intervention strategies, such as deep brain stimulation, for treating focal epilepsy patients.
Heterogeneities in infection outcomes across species: sex and tissue differences in virus susceptibility
Authors: Roberts Katherine E , Longdon Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecies vary in their susceptibility to pathogens, and this can alter the ability of a pathogen to infect a novel host. However, many factors can generate heterogeneity in infection outcomes, obscuring our ability to understand pathogen emergence. Such heterogeneities can alter the consistency of responses across individuals and host species. For example, sexual dimorphism in susceptibility means males are often intrinsically more susceptible than females (although this can vary by host and pathogen). Further, we know little about whether the tissues infected by a pathogen in one host are the same in another species, and how this relates to the harm a pathogen does to its host. Here, we first take a comparative approach to examine sex differences in susceptibility across 31 species of Drosophilidae infected with Drosophila C Virus (DCV). We found a strong positive inter-specific correlation in viral load between males and females, with a close to 1:1 relationship, suggesting that susceptibility to DCV across species is not sex specific. Next, we made comparisons of the tissue tropism of DCV across seven species of fly. We found differences in viral load between the tissues of the seven host species, but no evidence of tissues showing different patterns of susceptibility in different host species. We conclude that, in this system, patterns of viral infectivity across host species are robust between males and females, and susceptibility in a given host is general across tissue types.
Incorporating space in hierarchical capture mark recapture models: can we better capture variance?
Authors: Van Der Drift Anne – Merel , Leirs Herwig , Mariën Joachim , Sabuni Christopher , Mulungu Loth , Kirkpatrick Lucinda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCapture mark recapture (CMR) models allow the estimation of various components of animal populations, such as survival and recapture probabilities. In recent years, incorporating the spatial distribution of the devices used to detect an animals’ presence has become possible. By incorporating spatial information, we explicitly acknowledge the fact that there will be spatial structuring in the ecological processes which give rise to the capture data. Individual detection probability is not heterogeneous for a range of different reasons, for example the location of traps within an individual’s home range, the environmental context around the trap or the individual characteristics of an animal such as its age. Spatial capture recapture models incorporate this heterogeneity by including the spatial coordinates of traps, data which is often already collected in standard CMR approaches. Here, we compared how the inclusion of spatial data changed estimations of survival, detection probability, and to some extent the probability of seroconversion to a common arenavirus, using the multimammate mouse as our model system. We used a Bayesian framework to develop non spatial, partially spatial and fully spatial models alongside multievent CMR models. First, we used simulations to test whether certain parameters were sensitive to starting parameters, and whether models were able to return the expected values. Then we applied the non-spatial, partially spatial and fully spatial models to a real dataset. We found that bias and precision were similar for the three different model types, with simulations always returning estimates within the 95% credible intervals. When applying our models to the real data set, we found that the non-spatial model predicted a lower survival of individuals exposed to Morogoro virus (MORV) compared to unexposed individuals, yet in the spatial model survival between exposed and non-exposed individuals was the same. This suggests that the non-spatial model underestimated the survival of seropositive individuals, most likely due to an age effect. We suggest that spatial coordinates of traps should always be recorded when carrying out CMR and spatially explicit methods of analysis should be used whenever possible, particularly as incorporating spatial variation may more easily capture ecological processes without the need for additional data collection that can be challenging to acquire with wild animals.
Fitness and functional landscapes of theE. coliRNase III genernc
Authors: Weeks Ryan , Ostermeier Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow protein properties such as protein activity and protein essentiality affect the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of mutations are important questions in protein evolution. Deep mutational scanning studies typically measure the effects of a comprehensive set of mutations on either protein activity or fitness. Our understanding of the underpinnings of the DFE would be enhanced by a comprehensive study of both for the same gene. Here, we compared the fitness effects and in vivo protein activity effects of ∼4,500 missense mutations in theE. coli rncgene. This gene encodes RNase III, a global regulator enzyme that cleaves diverse RNA substrates including precursor ribosomal RNA and various mRNAs including its own 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR). We find that RNase III’s ability to cleave dsRNA is the most important determinant of the fitness effects ofrncmutations. The DFE of RNase III was bimodal, with mutations centered around neutral and deleterious effects, consistent with previously reported DFE’s of enzymes with a singular physiological role. Fitness was buffered to small effects on RNase III activity. The enzyme’s RNase III domain (RIIID), which contains the RNase III signature motif and all active site residues, was more sensitive to mutation than its dsRNA binding domain (dsRBD), which is responsible for recognition and binding to dsRNA. Differential effects on fitness and functional scores for mutations at highly conserved residues G97, G99, and F188 suggest that these positions may be important for RNase III cleavage specificity.
Caveolae and Bin1 form ring-shaped platforms for T-tubule initiation
Authors: Lemerle Eline , Lainé Jeanne , Moulay Gilles , Bigot Anne , Labasse Clémence , Madelaine Angeline , Canette Alexis , Aubin-Tessier Perrine , Vallat Jean-Michel , Romero Norma , Bitoun Marc , Mouly Vincent , Marty Isabelle , Cadot Bruno , Picas Laura , Vassilopoulos Stéphane 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTExcitation-contraction coupling requires a highly specialized membrane structure, the triad, composed of a plasma membrane invagination, the T-tubule, surrounded by two sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae. Although the precise mechanisms governing T-tubule biogenesis and triad formation remain largely unknown, studies have shown that caveolae participate in T-tubule formation and mutations of several of their constituents induce muscle weakness and myopathies. Here, we demonstrate that, at the plasma membrane, caveolae composed of caveolin-3 and Bin1 assemble into ring-like structures from which emerge tubes enriched in the dihydropyridine receptor. Overexpression of Bin1 lead to the formation of both rings and tubes and we show that Bin1 forms scaffolds on which caveolae accumulate to form the initial T-tubule. Cav3 deficiency caused by either gene silencing or pathogenic mutations cause defective ring formation and perturbed Bin1-mediated tubulation that may explain defective T-tubule organization in mature muscles. Our results uncover new pathophysiological mechanisms that may prove relevant to myopathies caused by Cav3 or Bin1.
Genetic ablation of dentate hilar somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment
Authors: Nagarajan Rajasekar , Lyu Jinrui , Kambali Maltesh , Wang Muxiao , Courtney Connor D. , Christian-Hinman Catherine A. , Rudolph Uwe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAging is often associated with a decline in cognitive function. A reduction in the number of somatostatin-positive (SOM+) interneurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) has been described in cognitively impaired but not in unimpaired aged rodents. However, it remains unclear whether the reduction in SOM+ interneurons in the DG hilus is causal for age-related cognitive dysfunction. We hypothesized that hilar SOM+ interneurons play an essential role in maintaining cognitive function and that a reduction in the number of hilar SOM+ interneurons might be sufficient to induce cognitive dysfunction. Hilar SOM+ interneurons were ablated by expressing a diphtheria toxin transgene specifically in these interneurons, which resulted in a reduction in the number of SOM+/GAD-67+ neurons and dendritic spine density in the DG. C-fos and Iba-1 immunostainings were increased in DG and CA3 but not in CA1. Behavioral testing revealed a reduced recognition index in the novel object recognition test, a reduction in the percentage of correct alternations in the Y maze tests, and increased latencies and path lengths in the learning and the reversal learning phase of the Morris water maze. Our results show that partial genetic ablation of SOM+ hilar interneurons is sufficient to increase activity in DG and CA3, as has been described to occur with aging and to induce an impairment of learning and memory functions. Thus, partial ablation of hilar SOM+ interneurons may be a significant contributing factor to age-related cognitive dysfunction. These mice may also be useful as a cellularly defined model of hippocampal aging.