bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Predictive Relationship Between Sensory Reactivity and Depressive Symptoms in Young Autistic Children with Few to No Words
Authors: Rossow Timothy , MacLennan Keren , Tavassoli Teresa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDepression and sensory reactivity are both common in autism. However, there is little understanding of the predictive relationship between these factors, or the nature of this relationship in autistic children who speak few to no words. This study set out to explore the longitudinal relationship between sensory reactivity and depressive symptoms in 33 young autistic children who speak few to no words. We found positive correlations between depressive symptoms and hyper-reactivity and sensory seeking at both timepoints, and across timepoints. We further found a bidirectional predictive relationship between depressive symptoms and sensory seeking. These results implicate sensory seeking in the development of depressive symptoms in young autistic children who use few to no words. Our findings have important implications for preventative mental health interventions, especially for those with a developmental language delay.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Multiple Infectious Diseases in a Child with Autosomal Recessive Complete IRF8 Deficiency
Authors: Rosain Jérémie , Bernasconi Andrea , Prieto Emma , Caputi Lucia , Le Voyer Tom , Buda Guadalupe , Marti Marcelo , Bohlen Jonathan , Neehus Anna-Lena , Castaños Claudio , Gallagher Rosario , Dorgham Karim , Oleastro Matias , Perez Laura , Danielian Silvia , Dipierri Jose Edgardo , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Bustamante Jacinta , Villa Mariana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Autosomal recessive (AR) complete IRF8 deficiency is a rare severe inborn error of immunity underlying an absence of blood myeloid mononuclear cells, intracerebral calcifications, and multiple infections. Only three unrelated patients have been reported.

Materials and Methods
We studied an Argentinian child with multiple infectious diseases and severe pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and characterized his condition by genetic, immunological, and clinical means.

Results
The patient was born and lived in Argentina. He had a history of viral pulmonary diseases, disseminated disease due to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), PAP, and cerebral calcifications. He died at the age of 10 months from refractory PAP. WES identified two compound heterozygous variants in IRF8: c.55del and p.R111*. In an overexpression system, the p.R111* cDNA was loss-of-expression, whereas the c.55del cDNA yielded a protein with a slightly lower molecular weight than the wild-type protein. The mutagenesis of methionine residues downstream from c.55del revealed a re-initiation of translation. However, both variants were loss-of-function in a luciferase assay, suggesting that the patient had AR complete IRF8 deficiency. The patient had no blood monocytes or dendritic cells, associated with neutrophilia, and normal counts of NK and other lymphoid cell subsets.

Conclusion
We describe the fourth patient with AR complete IRF8 deficiency. This diagnosis should be considered in children with PAP, which is probably due to the defective development or function of alveolar macrophages.
New Metabolic Alterations and a Predictive Marker Pipecolic Acid in Sera for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lei , Wu Jia , Shi Minxin , Wang Fengying , Lu Haimin , Liu Jibing , Chen Weiqin , Yu Guanzhen , Liu Dan , Yang Jing , Luo Qin , Ni Yan , Jin Xing , Jin Xiaoxia , Chen Wen-Lian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major histological subtype of esophageal cancer with a poor prognosis. Although several serum metabolomic investigations have been reported, ESCC tumor-associated metabolic alterations and predictive biomarkers in sera have not been defined. Here, we enrolled 34 treatment-naive patients with ESCC and collected their pre- and post-esophagectomy sera together with the sera from 34 healthy volunteers for a metabolomic survey. Our comprehensive analysis identified ESCC tumor-associated metabolic alterations as represented by a panel of 12 serum metabolites. Notably, postoperative abrosia and parenteral nutrition substantially perturbed the serum metabolome. Furthermore, we performed an examination using sera from carcinogen-induced mice at the dysplasia and ESCC stages and identified three ESCC tumor-associated metabolites conserved between mice and humans. Notably, among these metabolites, the level of pipecolic acid was observed to be progressively increased in mouse sera from dysplasia to cancerization, and it could be used to accurately discriminate between mice at the dysplasia stage and healthy control mice. Furthermore, this metabolite is essential for ESCC cells to restrain oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and cell proliferation arrest. Together, this study revealed a panel of 12 ESCC tumor-associated serum metabolites with potential for monitoring therapeutic efficacy and disease relapse, presented evidence for refining parenteral nutrition composition, and highlighted serum pipecolic acid as an attractive biomarker for predicting ESCC tumorigenesis.
Heavy Precipitation Impacts on Nitrogen Loading to the Gulf of Mexico in the 21st Century: Model Projections Under Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Zhang Jien , Lu Chaoqun , Crumpton William , Jones Christopher , Tian Hanqin , Villarini Gabriele , Schilling Keith , Green David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile spatial heterogeneity of riverine nitrogen (N) loading is predominantly driven by the magnitude of basin‐wide anthropogenic N input, the temporal dynamics of N loading are closely related to the amount and timing of precipitation. However, existing studies do not disentangle the contributions of heavy precipitation versus non‐heavy precipitation predicted by future climate scenarios. Here, we explore the potential responses of N loading from the Mississippi Atchafalaya River Basin to precipitation changes using a well‐calibrated hydro‐ecological model and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate projections under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. With present agricultural production and management practices, N loading could increase up to 30% by the end of the 21st century under future climate scenarios, half of which would be driven by heavy precipitation. Particularly, the RCP8.5 scenario, in which heavy precipitation and drought events become more frequent, would increase N loading disproportionately to projected increases in river discharge. N loading in spring would contribute 41% and 51% of annual N loading increase under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, most of which is related to higher N yield due to increases in heavy precipitation. Anthropogenic N inputs would be increasingly susceptible to leaching loss in the Midwest and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain regions. Our results imply that future climate change alone, including more frequent and intense precipitation extremes, would increase N loading and intensify the eutrophication of the Gulf of Mexico over this coming century. More effective nutrient management interventions are needed to reverse this trend.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Inland Aquatic CO2 and CH4 Concentrations and the Effects of Wildfires in the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Authors: Ludwig Sarah M. , Natali Susan M. , Mann Paul J. , Schade John D. , Holmes Robert M. , Powell Margaret , Fiske Greg , Commane Roisin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate change is causing an intensification in tundra fires across the Arctic, including the unprecedented 2015 fires in the Yukon‐Kuskokwim (YK) Delta. The YK Delta contains extensive surface waters (∼33% cover) and significant quantities of organic carbon, much of which is stored in vulnerable permafrost. Inland aquatic ecosystems act as hot‐spots for landscape CO2 and CH4 emissions and likely represent a significant component of the Arctic carbon balance, yet aquatic fluxes of CO2 and CH4 are also some of the most uncertain. We measured dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations (n = 364), in surface waters from different types of waterbodies during summers from 2016 to 2019. We used Sentinel‐2 multispectral imagery to classify landcover types and area burned in contributing watersheds. We develop a model using machine learning to assess how waterbody properties (size, shape, and landscape properties), environmental conditions (O2, temperature), and surface water chemistry (dissolved organic carbon composition, nutrient concentrations) help predict in situ observations of CH4 and CO2 concentrations across deltaic waterbodies. CO2 concentrations were negatively related to waterbody size and positively related to waterbody edge effects. CH4 concentrations were primarily related to organic matter quantity and composition. Waterbodies in burned watersheds appeared to be less carbon limited and had longer soil water residence times than in unburned watersheds. Our results illustrate the importance of small lakes for regional carbon emissions and demonstrate the need for a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of greenhouse gasses in small waterbodies.
Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc
Authors: Falkenberg Jan J. , Keith Manuel , Haase Karsten M. , Sporer Christian , Bach Wolfgang , Klemd Reiner , Strauss Harald , Storch Bettina , Peters Christian , Rubin Kenneth H. , Anderson Melissa O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubmarine caldera volcanoes may host several hydrothermal systems along the caldera wall and related to volcanic cones. Fluid boiling and magmatic volatile influx are common processes in shallow (<2,000 mbsl) subduction zone‐related environments causing variations in the mineralogical and chemical composition of seafloor hydrothermal mineralizations that remain poorly constrained. The submarine caldera of Niuatahi volcano, Tonga rear‐arc, hosts four active vent sites discharging high temperature fluids (<334°C) with variable salinities (369–583 mM Cl) that are indicative of fluid boiling, recorded by distinct Te/As and Te/Au in pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. High sulfidation mineral assemblages (e.g., enargite), stable S isotope data and similar trace element signatures in sulfides and native S condensates suggest a minor and/or infrequent contribution of magmatic SO2 to the hydrothermal systems located proximal to the caldera center causing a volatile element (e.g., Se, Bi, Te) enrichment. The hydrothermal system at the northern caldera wall is decoupled from the magmatic SO2 source, as revealed by radiogenic Pb isotopes. Instead, S isotope and trace element constraints propose a host rock‐dominated hydrothermal system, lacking a magmatic volatile influx. The observed hydrothermal fractionation processes (fluid boiling) and the distinct metal (loid) sources (magmatic volatiles vs. host rock) represent a continuum from magmatic volatile‐ to host rock‐dominated hydrothermal systems within the Niuatahi caldera. This leads to seafloor mineralizations with spatially selective trace element enrichments, like Te, Se, and Bi (±Au, Ag) in the caldera center compared to Au, Ag, Zn, Cd, and Pb at the northern caldera wall.
Repeated Tidally Induced Hydrofracture of a Supraglacial Lake at the Amery Ice Shelf Grounding Zone
Authors: Trusel Luke D. , Pan Zhuolai , Moussavi Mahsa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurface melting and lakes are common to Antarctic ice shelves, and their existence and drainages have been invoked as a precursor for ice shelf collapse. Here, we present satellite observations over 2014–2020 of repeated, rapid drainages of a supraglacial lake at the grounding zone of Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. Post‐drainage imagery in 2018 reveals lake bottom features characteristic of rapid, vertical lake drainage. Observed lake volumes indicate drainages are not associated with a threshold meltwater volume. Instead, drainages typically coincide with periods of high daily tidal amplitude, suggesting hydrofracture is assisted by tidally forced ice flexure inherent to the ice shelf grounding zone. Combined with observations of widespread grounding zone lake drainages on Amery, these findings indicate ice shelf meltwater accumulation may be inhibited by grounding zone drainage events, thus representing a potential stabilizing mechanism despite enhanced melting common to these regions.
Evidence for the Superposition of Tectonic Systems in the Northern Songliao Block, NE China, Revealed by a 3‐D Electrical Resistivity Model
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Ma Guoqing , Comeau Matthew J. , Becken Michael , Zhou Zikun , Liu Wenyu , Kang Jianqiang , Han Jiangtao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe creation and evolution of the Songliao Block, Northeast China, is believed to be related to the closure of the Paleo‐Asian and Mongol‐Okhotsk oceans, and to the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean. Geochemical and geophysical data indicate a complex tectonic history that may have left signatures of the superposition of separate tectonic events. However, the relationship between the current lithospheric structure of the Songliao Block and those tectonic events is not clear. In order to shed light on this question, a three‐dimensional electrical resistivity model of the crust and mantle was generated from 138 magnetotelluric sites. The results show a heterogenous lithosphere with anomalous low‐resistivity zones (∼10 Ω·m). The position of upper‐crustal features (<10 km) correlates with a network of fault systems and rift basins. Based on estimates of high crustal temperatures, mid‐lower crustal features (15–35 km), some of which appear near seismic reflectors, are attributed to partial melts (∼5%) containing moderate‐high water contents (4.5 wt. %). A deep (>45 km) feature is interpreted as an asthenospheric upwelling near the center of the Songliao Block, where seismic evidence indicates a thin lithosphere. It is proposed that the collision, convergence, and suturing of blocks caused by the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the bidirectional convergence between the Mongol‐Okhotsk and Paleo‐Pacific Ocean may have produced weak tectonic zones throughout the lithosphere. They provided a structural basis for the later upward movement of fluids and melt, likely due to hydrous upwellings caused by the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific system.
Climate Controls on the Interseasonal and Interannual Variability of the Surface Mass and Energy Balances of a Tropical Glacier (Zongo Glacier, Bolivia, 16°S): New Insights From the Multi‐Year Application of a Distributed Energy Balance Model
Authors: Autin P. , Sicart J. E. , Rabatel A. , Soruco A. , Hock R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of a distributed energy balance model over nine years at an hourly time step to a 20 × 20 m grid cell over Glacier Zongo (Bolivia, 16°S) enabled assessment of the climate factors that control the interseasonal and interannual variability of its surface mass balance. The model was validated by comparing the measured and simulated discharge at the outlet, albedo at the Automatic Weather Station, surface state and annual mass balance both glacier‐wide and as a function of altitude. Analysis of the mean monthly energy fluxes highlighted the importance of the meteorological conditions over October and November on the variability of the annual surface mass balance. Two sensitivity analyses are presented, one of the distribution of precipitation over time which maintains a physical coherence between the different meteorological variables and one of the impact of prolonged periods of intense cloud radiative forcing on the surface mass balance. The distribution of precipitation events over time and their associated amounts are the main drivers of the interannual variability of the surface mass balance via an albedo feedback effect. Additionally, prolonged periods of negative cloud radiative forcing, specifically over the month of November, notably reduce the melt rate.
Evaluation of High Mountain Asia‐Land Data Assimilation System (Version 1) From 2003 to 2016: 2. The Impact of Assimilating Satellite‐Based Snow Cover and Freeze/Thaw Observations Into a Land Surface Model
Authors: Xue Yuan , Houser Paul R. , Maggioni Viviana , Mei Yiwen , Kumar Sujay V. , Yoon Yeosang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis second paper of the two‐part series focuses on demonstrating the impact of assimilating satellite‐based snow cover and freeze/thaw observations into the hyper‐resolution, offline terrestrial modeling system used for the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region from 2003 to 2016. To this end, this study systematically evaluates a total of six sets of 0.01° (∼1 km) model simulations forced by different precipitation forcings, with and without the dual assimilation scheme enabled, at point‐scale, basin‐scale, and domain‐scale. The key variables of interest include surface net shortwave radiation, surface net longwave radiation, skin temperature, near‐surface soil temperature, snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and total runoff. First, the point‐scale assessment is mainly conducted via evaluating against ground‐based measurements. In general, the assimilation enabled estimates are better than no‐assimilation counterparts. Second, the basin‐scale runoff assessment demonstrates that across three snow‐dominated basins, the assimilation enabled experiment yields systematic improvements in all goodness‐of‐fit statistics through mitigating the negative effects brought by the fixed long‐term precipitation correction factors. For example, when forced by the bias‐corrected precipitation, the assimilation‐enabled experiment improves the bias by 69%, the root‐mean‐squared error by 30%, and the unbiased root‐mean‐squared error by 18% (relative to the no‐assimilation counterpart). Finally, the domain‐scale assessment is conducted via evaluating against satellite‐based SWE and skin temperature products. Both sets of domain‐scale analysis further corroborate the findings in the point‐scale evaluations. Overall, this study suggests the benefits of the proposed multi‐variate assimilation system in improving the cryospheric‐hydrological process within a land surface model for use in HMA.
Ice Shell Structure of Ganymede and Callisto Based on Impact Crater Morphology
Authors: Bjonnes E. , Johnson B. C. , Silber E. A. , Singer K. N. , Evans A. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the thermal structure of the ice shells around Ganymede and Callisto remains a critical step in unraveling the geologic histories of the moons. The depth‐diameter (d‐D) trends of pristine craters on each surface have an inflection point in crater morphology at approximately 26 km diameter, at which point observed crater depths transition from craters deepening with increasing crater diameter to craters shallowing with increasing crater diameter. In this work, we use iSALE‐2D to simulate impact crater formation in ice shells. We test conductive thermal gradients between 5 and 15 K/km and convective ice temperatures between 240 and 260 K in a modeled ice shell to determine if these observed d‐D trends correlate to specific thermal parameters. We find that the conductive thermal gradient has a more pronounced effect than the temperature of the underlying convective ice on reproducing the d‐D trends of craters up to 100 km in diameter, and that the inflection point in the observed crater depth trend on both Ganymede and Callisto is replicated in ice shells with a conductive thermal gradient of ∼10 K/km. With this conductive thermal gradient, the conductive ice was approximately 12–14 km thick on each body at the time they accrued these unmodified craters. The similar thermal constraints for both moons suggest that there are other differences between Ganymede and Callisto responsible for their divergent evolutionary paths, such as an increased proportion of strong impurities in Callisto's ice shell.
Winds From the Visible (513 nm) Images Obtained by the Venus Monitoring Camera Onboard Venus Express
Authors: Khatuntsev I. V. , Patsaeva M. V. , Zasova L. V. , Titov D. V. , Ignatiev N. I. , Gorinov D. A. , Turin A. V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present more than 250,000 wind vectors derived from the visible (513 nm) images captured by the Venus Monitoring Camera (VMC) onboard ESA's Venus Express orbiter in the Southern hemisphere from 01 July 2007 to 29 January 2013. From comparison to the wind velocity derived from tracking of the descent probes, these measurements correspond to 60 ± 3 km altitude, being between two levels 70 ± 2 km and 55 ± 2 km, probed by VMC in ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) and NIR (965 nm) channels, respectively. The mean zonal wind suggests retrograde circulation with mean zonal wind speed decreasing from 76.5 to 61.5 m/s at 30°–65°S. In low latitudes, 10–20°S, it increased to 82 m/s over the course of the mission. The mean zonal flow depends on local solar time and latitude and is affected by the large‐scale topography. The meridional winds indicated equatorward flow of up to 7 m/s in the middle and low cloud opposite to that derived from simultaneous UV observations at the cloud top.
Mineral Protection and Resource Limitations Combine to Explain Profile‐Scale Soil Carbon Persistence
Authors: Lacroix E. M. , Masue‐Slowey Y. , Dlott G. A. , Keiluweit M. , Chadwick O. A. , Fendorf S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fate of soil carbon (C) is largely controlled by microbial oxidation of organic matter (OM), which is constrained by a variety of mechanisms. OM association with soil minerals provides pronounced protection against microbial decomposition. However, factors such as climate, occlusion, and resource limitations also contribute to OM preservation. We explore the factors explaining C distribution and age within an upland rainforest soil in Hawaiʻi, a site with abundant preferential flow paths (PFPs) and high short‐range order (SRO) mineral content. We characterized lateral and vertical changes in ∆14C, SRO mineral content, C‐functional group chemistry, and microbial community composition to elucidate the contributions of multiple protection mechanisms to OM preservation. Consistent with our expectation, SRO mineral content and ∆14C were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.95), indicating strong mineral protection of OM throughout the profile. Surprisingly, distance from PFP was also a significant predictor of ∆14C and improved model fit, particularly in the shallow horizons (R2 = 0.97). Elevated C/N ratios, decreased microbial abundance, and greater SRO mineral content suggest nitrogen limitations and enhanced mineral protection constrain OM turnover with distance from PFPs in deep, subsurface mineral horizons. Steady microbial abundance, increasing putative anaerobe abundance, and changes in C‐functional group chemistry indicate oxygen limitations constrain OM turnover in the matrix of shallow mineral horizons. Given that oxygen and nutrient limitations contribute to OM preservation in this high SRO system—an exemplar of mineral protection—resource limitations may play an even more important role in OM preservation in other well‐structured soils.