bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of radiation drive by measuring the localized re-emitted flux from the capsule in inertial confinement fusion experiments
Authors: Xie Xufei , Wu Changshu , Chen Jinwen , Liu Shenye , Hou Lifei , Du Huabin , Cai Hongbo , Guo Liang , Ren Kuan , Li Zhichao , Yang Dong , Li Sanwei , Ge Fengjun , Li Xin , Huang Yunbao , Jing Longfei , Shang Wanli , Liu Yaoyuan , Jiang Xiaohua , Zhan Xiayu , Yang Yimeng , Wang Feng , He Haien , Zou Shiyang , Yang Jiamin , Jiang Shaoen , Zhang Baohan , Ding Yongkun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present for the first time characterization of the time-dependent radiation drive on the capsule by measuring the localized re-emitted flux at Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. The drive flux was obtained with measured re-emitted flux from the capsule and radiation fluxes from the hohlraum wall, in combination with radiation hydrodynamic simulations. It revealed that the temporal behavior of the drive flux was quite distinguished from the radiation flux from the hohlraum wall, and the drive flux was approximately 6 eV (12 eV) lower than the measured flux at up 55° (up 30°). This technique presents a novel way for the assessment of the drive flux, both in cylindrical hohlraums and novel hohlraums with more than two laser entrance holes. Pre-processed radiation hydrodynamic simulations indicate that this technique can also be applied in integrated implosion experiments utilizing standard fusion capsule with carbon-hydrogen ablators.
Modelling of tungsten impurity edge transport and screening for different divertor conditions in EAST
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Guoliang , Ding Rui , Liu Xiaoju , Si Hang , Zhang Qing , Ding Fang , Zhu Dahuan , Yan Rong , Xie Hai , Meng Lingyi , Wang Liang , Hai Ran , Wang Zhibin , Chen Junling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tungsten (W) transport and screening in the edge plasma are investigated for EAST high dissipative divertor conditions. By combining the 1D impurity fluid model (1DImpFM) and the two-point model formatting (2PMF), W screening is proved to be enhanced for high upstream plasma density conditions, mainly because the impurity temperature gradient velocity decreases with the increase of the upstream plasma density. Based on dedicated EAST density ramp-up experiments, 2D simulations of W erosion and transport are carried out for different levels of dissipative divertor conditions by using the SOLPS-DIVIMP code package, and the modeling results are benchmarked with the 1DImpFM analytic model. The prompt-redeposition, the divertor screening, and the main SOL screening are quantitatively analyzed. For detached divertor conditions, the increase in the W ionization length reduces the prompt redeposition rate, but both the divertor screening and SOL screening are reinforced. The 1DImpFM can interpret well the W leakage in the near separatrix region; however, the 2D simulations suggest that the impurity pressure gradient force which is neglected by the 1DImpFM plays an important role, especially in the far-SOL region. With the divertor condition varied from the high-recycling regime to the deep detachment regime, the W source moves from the near strike point region to the far SOL, and thus makes the W transport in the far SOL more important. Therefore, the impurity pressure gradient force cannot be neglected for edge W transport analysis, especially for the detached divertor conditions.
Numerical modeling of solute convection in the system of two porous layers with different permeabilities
Authors: Ivantsov A O , Parshakova Ya N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The numerical simulation of the dynamics of a liquid with solute of high concentration in two horizontal layers of a porous medium with different permeability coefficients is carried out. The dynamics of the solute is modeled within the framework of a nonlinear MIM model that takes into account the adhesion and separation process at the skeleton of a porous medium. The modeling was carried out in a two-dimensional setting. The mobile (moving together with the carrier fluid) and immobile (deposited on the skeleton) phases are modeled by the finite volume method with adaptive mesh refinement algorithm. At each point in space, functions of volumetric saturation are set, and a kinematic equation is solved that describes the dynamics of adhesion and separation. The effective permeability of a porous medium depends on the saturation function of the immobile phase and is calculated using the Kozeny-Karman formula. The obtained numerical data are compared with the results of a linear analysis of stability, and the nonlinear regimes of concentration convection and the distribution of impurities at high supercriticalities are studied. In the case of high ratio of permeability coefficients of upper and lower layers, convection occurs locally in a more permeable sublayer, even with a decrease in its thickness. With an increase in supercriticality the penetration of the convective flow into the poorly permeable sublayer and the transition from local convection to large-scale convection are observed.
Method of generation, measurement of the size and number of microbubbles in NaCl and SDS solutions of different concentrations
Authors: Rybkin K , Kuchinskiy M , Lyubimova T , Kozlov M , Fattalov O , Fattakhova I , Sinitsyna V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The research work shows the method of generating and registration of bubbles which is provided by the finely disperse membrane, the air compressor, the water pump and the optical image registration unit and analyses of images. In order to estimate the size of the fixed bubbles the specialized software on Python programming language was used as a tool of analysis. The software outcomes are presented in the form of diagrams of the distribution of the number of bubbles by the diameter. The results of experiments for solutions of sodium chloride salt and sodium dodecyl sulfate of various concentrations indicated the possibility of controlling both the diameter and the amount of produced air bubbles. One of the main findings of the scientific work is determination of the concentration of sodium chloride, which leads to inhibition of the effect of Sodium dodecyl sulfate on the distribution of bubbles by their size in the experiments.
Modeling of thermoelastic deformation of a thin-layer “coating-substrate” system
Authors: Vatulyan A O , Nesterov S A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The problem of thermoelastic deformation of a thin-layer coated strip is considered. To consider scale effects, a one-parameter gradient thermoelasticity model is used. The solution to the problem is based on the application of the Fourier transform in the longitudinal coordinate. The inversion of transformants is carried out on the basis of Filon’s quadrature formula. The stress-strain state of the coated strip was calculated both in gradient setting and in classical setting. The analysis of the influence of the scale parameter on the distribution of displacements and stresses is made.
Numerical simulation of heat transfer in the cooling channel of a titanium apparatus
Authors: Karasev T O , Perminov A V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Numerical modeling of thermophysical processes in the air cooling channel of the titanium sponge reduction reactor is performed. The cooling channel is an area bounded by a retort filled with liquid magnesium and a wall on which heating elements are mounted. Air flows inside the channel, cooling the retort. A mathematical model is constructed based on unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in axisymmetric formulation using a k −ω SST turbulence model. The model takes into account the radiation heat transfer between the retort and reactor walls. Two variants of thermal boundary conditions are considered. The temperature conditions of the retort wall have been calculated, and the profiles of the heat transfer coefficient along the retort wall for a wide interval of airflow rates have been obtained. It is shown that temperature distributions along the retort are not uniform and strongly depend both on external boundary conditions and on cooling intensity. Heat transfer coefficient distributions from its outer wall for different retort heating conditions are plotted, and an empirical formula for calculating the profile of this coefficient is proposed.
Neutron Beam Characterization on the Beam Tubes of 30 MW G.A. Siwabessy Reactor Using Monte Carlo
Authors: Rasito  , Su’ud Z , Permana S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The neutron beam characterization had been conducted on six tubes of RSG-GAS reactor for BNCT application in a simulation using Monte Carlo method with MCNP computer code. The simulation was conducted by modeling the geometry and material of RSG-GAS reactor with a model of radiation source from 235U fission reaction in 40 fuel bundles type U3Si2Al with 235U levels of 19.75%. The distribution of neutron and gamma fluxes was simulated from the reactor core to the edge of beam tube of S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6 with a tube length of 400 cm and a diameter of 30 cm. The highest neutron flux produced by the beam tube of S5 was 4.3×1010 cm−2s−1 with the highest gamma dose was 1362 Sv/j. The lowest neutron flux produced by the beam tube of S6 was 5.9×109 cm−2s−1 with a gamma dose was 51 Sv/j. Based on the characterization result, it was shown that the output neutron beam of each RSG-GAS beam tube had the potential to be used for many application.
Simulation of Erosion Behavior of a Paraffin Plate with Particle Method
Authors: Ifthacharo M , Mustari A P A , Permana S , Nuril A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are many mechanisms in a reactor shutdown function of MSR and inherent self-stabilization. One of those mechanisms is the fuel-salt drain system. The present study focused on the melting and solidification phenomenon that occurs in the freeze valve. An experiment was performed to investigate the erosion behavior of a solid plate by an impinging liquid to time and the effects of fluid viscosity. In addition, numerical modeling based on the MPS method to visualize the heat distribution in the plate will also be carried out. The experiment will be conducted by varying the parameters such as the liquids, temperature, and diameter. Hot water (90°C), molten paraffin, and cooking oil will be used with molded pure paraffin wax will serve as the target plates. The dimension of the target plate is cylindrical, with 44 mm in thickness and 144 mm in length for paraffin wax. The data will then be compared to the MPS simulation. The radial dispersion of the heated liquid and the temperature of the impinged liquid will affect the penetration time, hence making the formation of a mushy zone more likely and promoting the pool effect. The noticeable difference of penetration time between simulation and experiment is likely caused by the changing value of kinematic viscosity of the liquids used in different temperatures. The kinematic viscosity is set to be a constant value in the simulation.
Characterisation of planar sensors for the inner tracker of the CMS experiment
Authors: Hajheidari M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is expected to collect an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 during the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This scenario comes with a high number of collisions per bunch crossing, and in turn, a high level of radiation for the innermost layer of the CMS tracker. Simulations estimate a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence, Φeq, of 2.3 × 1016 cm−2 at a distance of 2.8 cm from the collision point. The inner tracker of the CMS detector is required to withstand this range of fluence and maintain tracking performance. Planar pixel sensors with an active thickness of 150 μm and pixel sizes of 25 × 100 μm2 or 50 × 50 μm2 have been produced by Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK). The sensors were bump bonded to the RD53A readout chip prototype. The sensor-chip modules were irradiated with 23 MeV protons to the 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of up to 2.4 × 1016 cm−2 at the Zyklotron AG (ZAG).
Non-irradiated and irradiated modules were tested in the DESY II beam test facility. The spatial resolution as a function of the incidence angle and hit efficiency as a function of the bias voltage of the sensors were determined from these measurements. It is shown that for the highest fluence, the planar modules still reach 98% hit efficiency at bias voltages below 800 V.
A low noise 5.12 GHz PLL ASIC in 55 nm for NICA multi purpose detector project
Authors: Zhao C. , Guo D. , Chen Q. , Guo Z. , Arteche R. , Ceballos C. , Fang N. , Gan Y. , Murin Y. , Yi L. , Sun X. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the design and the test results of a low noise PLL ASIC for the optical data transmission system in NICA MPD project. In the proposed PLL, a novel charge pump circuit uses two feedback operational amplifiers to obtain low leakage current and reduce dynamic mismatch. A LC-VCO circuit combines the two-step capacitor tuning structure and the novel capacitor array unit to obtain a reasonable frequency range and an optimized Q factor performance. The PLL ASIC has been fabricated in a 55 nm CMOS process. The test results show that the PLL ASIC outputs the 5.12 GHz clock with a phase noise of −108 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and a rms jitter of 880 fs. The PLL core consumes 22.2 mW from a 1.2 V power supply.
Development of active laser reflector for alignment and monitoring of large-scale scientific devices
Authors: Feng Xing , Qin Shijun , Wang Qingfeng , Gu Yongqi , Cao Jin , Chen XianFeng , He Xiaoye , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As large-scale scientific devices like particle accelerators
and tokamaks become bigger and more complex, efficient measurements
are needed for these devices. At present, when laser trackers are
used to measure these devices, manually rotating reflectors is
needed in many circumstances, but it's inefficient and it's
inappropriate to be used in the areas where human can't approach. To
solve the problem, we designed an active laser reflector, which can
rotate to a target angle position controlled by a host computer
software. We designed a fixture to embed and clamp a spherically
mounted retro-reflector (SMR). And two custom-designed motors are
used to drive the SMR to rotate horizontally and vertically
respectively. The shaft of the motor has a flange to match another
flange on the load, which can reduce the coaxiality error between
them. The motor control system consists of two motor controllers
and a host computer software, and they communicate through WIFI. We
made a prototype of the active laser reflector based on the design
scheme and measured the offset of the SMR center, which is around
±0.23 mm. The active laser reflector we designed can increase
the measuring and monitoring efficiency for large-scale scientific
devices.
The history of climate and society: a review of the influence of climate change on the human past
Authors: Degroot Dagomar , Anchukaitis Kevin J , Tierney Jessica E , Riede Felix , Manica Andrea , Moesswilde Emma , Gauthier Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent decades have seen the rapid expansion of scholarship that identifies societal responses to past climatic fluctuations. This fast-changing scholarship, which was recently synthesized as the History of Climate and Society (HCS), is today undertaken primary by archaeologists, economists, geneticists, geographers, historians and paleoclimatologists. This review is the first to consider how scholars in all of these disciplines approach HCS studies. It begins by explaining how climatic changes and anomalies are reconstructed by paleoclimatologists and historical climatologists. It then provides a broad overview of major changes and anomalies over the 300,000-year history of Homo sapiens, explaining both the causes and environmental consequences of these fluctuations. Next, it introduces the sources, methods, and models employed by scholars in major HCS disciplines. It continues by describing the debates, themes, and findings of HCS scholarship in its major disciplines, and then outlines the potential of transdisciplinary, ‘consilient’ approaches to the field. It concludes by explaining how HCS studies can inform policy and activism that confronts anthropogenic global warming.
Measurement of a quantum system with a classical apparatus using ensembles on configuration space*
Authors: Reginatto Marcel , Ulbricht Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Finding a physically consistent approach to modeling interactions between classical and quantum systems is a highly nontrivial task. While many proposals based on various mathematical formalisms have been made, most of these efforts run into difficulties of one sort or another. One of the first detailed descriptions was given by Sudarshan and his collaborators who, motivated by the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, proposed a Hilbert space formulation of classical–quantum interactions which made use of the Koopman–von Neumann description of classical systems. Here we use the approach of ensembles on configurations space to give a detailed account of a classical apparatus measuring the position of a quantum particle that is prepared in a superposition of two localized states. We show that the probability of the pointer of the classical apparatus is left in a state that corresponds to the probability of the quantum particle. A subsequent observation of the pointer leads to an update of its probability density. From this we can obtain information about the position of the quantum particle, leading to an update of its wave function. Since this formalism incorporates uncertainties and finite measurement precision, it is well suited for metrological applications. Furthermore, it resolves fundamental issues that appear in the case of a quantum description of the apparatus.
Using Community Project in Teaching Food Security: A Student-centered Approach
Authors: Nguyen Trang , Vu Danh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to implement community action-based project to help students apply knowledge of food security to the real world. The project had students involved in choosing a food security related topic, collecting data from a community, creating a data-driven action that is beneficial to the selected community, and reporting their work. To aid educators in successfully adopting a project-based learning approach in food security at undergraduate level, this manuscript explained the course framework, demonstrated students’ works, discussed benefits and challenges when employing the community project in the course. The approach described here is applicable in other multidisciplinary fields.
Survey on usage of single use plastic bags in Nepal
Authors: Khanal Ashish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rapid urbanization and economic growth have caused increase of plastic products globally. The least developed countries (LDCs) have been facing severe problems with solid waste due to lack of people’s awareness, lack of skilled manpower to handle waste and necessary equipment to manage in sustainable manner. Nepal, a LDC in South Asia, lacks source segregation leading the maximum plastic items reaching to the landfill site. It is even difficult for the planning authorities to make effective plans for sustainable management of plastic waste due to lack of waste generation data. Nepal has made many rules and directives to ban plastic bags till date but has failed in its implementation. This study is the first of its kind to capture the perception of youths towards single use bags in Nepal. This study was conducted among 569 Nepalese youths of age between 18-40 years. A closed ended self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the respondents and responses were collected for three weeks. The questionnaire was prepared using google form and distributed via Facebook. A snowball method was used where the respondents were asked to share the questionnaire in their network. It was found that majority of Nepalese youths have been practicing the source segregation at their houses. The use of single use plastic is very common in Nepal with an individual using at least 208 plastic bags in a year. The gender and source segregation of waste was statistically significant with p-value of 0.02 (<0.05). The main reason of using plastic bags was its easy availability. There is lack of alterative to the plastic bags in Nepal. However, the youths are ready to support the government plastic ban policy and have asked the alternatives to the plastic bags. The result has shown that the Nepalese people have negative perception towards single use plastics and are in search of alternatives. The government need to implement heavy penalty for producing plastic bags greater than 30 micron and deploy tax with shop keepers and customer if found using it.
Development and Temperature-induced Expression of a HSP90 Gene Lacking Introns in Cotesia chilonis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Li Shuan-Gan , Dong Chuan-Lei , Zhu Feng , Yang Fei , Lu Ming-Xing , Du Yu-Zhou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cotesia chilonis (Munakata) is the predominant parasitic wasp of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidea), a major rice pest in China. As climate change continues to intensify, C. chilonis and C. suppressalis must adapt to the increased frequency of adverse temperatures. In this study, the novel Cchsp90-2 was isolated and characterized from C. chilonis. The full-length Cchsp90-2 cDNA was 2689 bp and encoded 728 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 4.93. Cchsp90-2 encodes three heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family signatures, and the alignment of genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that Cchsp90-2 does not contain introns. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that Cchsp90-2 was induced in eggs and adults; however, larvae and pupae showed no significant differences in Cchsp90-2 expression levels. Cchsp90-2 was induced at both high and low temperatures, with very high expression levels after a 2-h exposure to 33°C or −13°C. This study provides insight into the mechanistic basis of thermal tolerance in C. chilonis and has implications for deploying this wasp to control C. suppressalis.
PEcnv: accurate and efficient detection of copy number variations of various lengths
Authors: Wang Xuwen , Xu Ying , Liu Ruoyu , Lai Xin , Liu Yuqian , Wang Shenjie , Zhang Xuanping , Wang Jiayin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is a class of key biomarkers in many complex traits and diseases. Detecting CNV from sequencing data is a substantial bioinformatics problem and a standard requirement in clinical practice. Although many proposed CNV detection approaches exist, the core statistical model at their foundation is weakened by two critical computational issues: (i) identifying the optimal setting on the sliding window and (ii) correcting for bias and noise. We designed a statistical process model to overcome these limitations by calculating regional read depths via an exponentially weighted moving average strategy. A one-run detection of CNVs of various lengths is then achieved by a dynamic sliding window, whose size is self-adopted according to the weighted averages. We also designed a novel bias/noise reduction model, accompanied by the moving average, which can handle complicated patterns and extend training data. This model, called PEcnv, accurately detects CNVs ranging from kb-scale to chromosome-arm level. The model performance was validated with simulation samples and real samples. Comparative analysis showed that PEcnv outperforms current popular approaches. Notably, PEcnv provided considerable advantages in detecting small CNVs (1 kb–1 Mb) in panel sequencing data. Thus, PEcnv fills the gap left by existing methods focusing on large CNVs. PEcnv may have broad applications in clinical testing where panel sequencing is the dominant strategy. Availability and implementation: Source code is freely available at https://github.com/Sherwin-xjtu/PEcnv