bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Diachronic Sense Change: New Models and Monte Carlo Methods for Bayesian Inference
Authors: Zafar Schyan , Nicholls Geoff K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a bag-of-words model, the of a word with multiple meanings, for example ‘bank’ (used either in a river-bank or an institution sense), are represented as probability distributions over context words, and sense prevalence is represented as a probability distribution over senses. Both of these may change with time. Modelling and measuring this kind of sense change are challenging due to the typically high-dimensional parameter space and sparse datasets. A recently published corpus of ancient Greek texts contains expert-annotated sense labels for selected target words. Automatic sense-annotation for the word ‘kosmos’ (meaning decoration, order or world) has been used as a test case in recent work with related generative models and Monte Carlo methods. We adapt an existing generative sense change model to develop a simpler model for the main effects of sense and time, and give Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian inference on all these models that are more efficient than existing methods. We carry out automatic sense-annotation of snippets containing ‘kosmos’ using our model, and measure the time-evolution of its three senses and their prevalence. As far as we are aware, ours is the first analysis of this data, within the class of generative models we consider, that quantifies uncertainty and returns credible sets for evolving sense prevalence in good agreement with those given by expert annotation.
Eastern North China Craton–North Australia Craton connection at 1.0 Ga through detrital zircon mixing modelling
Authors: Zhang Wen , Xu Wang , Liu Pinghua , Liu Chaohui , Liu Fulai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the ca. 1.0 Ga paleogeographic reconstruction, the North China Craton (NCC) is placed near Siberia, Laurentia, the Northern Australia Craton (NAUS), Baltica or India. To distinguish among these possibilities, we present inverse Monte Carlo modelling of the Xihe Group from the eastern NCC (ENCC), which is dominated by Grenvillian orogeny‐related detrital zircon age peaks, and of potential provenances (including NAUS, Siberia, Laurentia, India and the North Atlantic region). The result reveals that the ENCC–NAUS connection model yields the best mean cross‐correlation coefficient (R2 = ~0.92), which is also supported by the similarity in median εHf values between the Qiaotou Formation (Xihe Group) and the Jamison sandstones from the NAUS. The NCC–NAUS connection possibly records the breakup of Nuna and the assembly of Rodinia.
GOD OF THE GAPS OR THE GOD OF “DESIGN AND DOMINION”? RE‐VISITING NEWTON'S THEOLOGY
Authors: Torrance Eugenia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStarting with Gottfried Leibniz, Isaac Newton's theology has often been caricatured as putting forward a “God of the gaps” argument for God's existence and continued involvement in the world. Peter Harrison has pointed out that this characterization of Newton's theology is “not entirely clear.” A closer look at Newton's letters and the drafts to the Opticks reveals that, rather than arguing God's providential ordering and care over the world, he takes these for granted and is reluctant to specify instances of this order and care based on his physical research. He certainly believes in gaps in mechanical causes but is more eager to fill those gaps with nonmechanical natural causes than with God. Further, his system does not exhibit the two most prevalent weaknesses attributed to “God of the gaps” theologies: (1) that by describing God as intervening in natural causes his skill as a designer is maligned and (2) that by describing the physical details of God's involvement in the world one puts too much weight on theories likely to be replaced as science advances. Newton avoids the former weakness because it is only God's masterfulness as designer that he ties in any way to his theories of the physical world. He avoids the latter because he never points to God as the direct cause of any specific physical processes. Newton hoped that his system would cause his readers to marvel not only at God's providence but also at humankind's inability to sufficiently understand it.
The Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts on the Hospital Environment and Spatial Design
Authors: Ahmad Tajudin Nur Faridatull Syafinaz , Che Amat Rohayah 
Published: September 2022

Covid-19 is the most significant pandemic that happened at the end of 2019, where the first confirmed case was reported in Wuhan, China. Given the high population and economic activities in cities, there are always possibilities for Covid-19 to spread widely. Hence, the impacts in the urban area are much bigger affected by this pandemic. The fact that existing hospital design raises concerns and questions among people across the globe regarding the hospital capacity and lack of flexibility to accommodate sudden surges of patients due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Previous studies showed that hospital spatial design and organization are crucial and impact users’ perceptions and experiences from multiple stakeholders. The scholars argue that the concept of restorative environment is rarely defined and some of the initiatives either focused on daily life in hospitals or broad terms about hospital architecture, layout, and interior design. The overview on the impact of Covid-19 towards hospital environment, hospital spatial design and its relationship through content analysis, and pilot survey as the groundwork are significant features to be discovered in this paper. This paper focuses on the existing hospital spatial design principles through the effectiveness and efficiency of current hospital planning design during the pandemic. The result indicates that the empirical principles contribute to hospital planning and design quality and call for further research.
Using the genome to correct the ion transport defect in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Amaral Margarida D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractToday, biomedicine faces one of its greatest challenges, i.e. treating diseases through their causative dysfunctional processes and not just their symptoms. However, we still miss a global view of the mechanisms and pathways involved in the pathophysiology of most diseases. In fact, disease mechanisms and pathways can be achieved by holistic studies provided by ‘omic’ approaches. Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes an anion channel, is paradigmatic for monogenic disorders, namely channelopathies. A high number of ‘omics studies’ have focused on CF; namely, several cell‐based high‐throughput approaches were developed and applied towards a global mechanistic characterization of CF pathophysiology and the identification of novel and ‘unbiased’ drug targets. Notwithstanding, it is likely that, through the integration of all these ‘layers’ of large datasets into comprehensive disease maps, biological significance can be extracted so that the enormous potential of these approaches to identifying dysfunctional mechanisms and novel drugs may become a reality.
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An Intersectional Analysis of the Recruitment and Participation of Second-Generation African Canadian Adolescent Girls in a Community Basketball Program in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Haggar Amina , Giles Audrey R. 
Published: September 2022

Guided by the experiences and perspectives of sport practitioners, in this paper, an intersectional lens was used to examine age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and religion and how they relate to the recruitment and participation of second-generation, low-income, African Canadian, Black Muslim, and Christian adolescent girls in a community-based basketball program in Ottawa, Canada. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 program coordinators and coaches involved in the City of Ottawa Community Centre Basketball League (CCBL), and reflexive thematic analysis of the data was engaged. The findings were threefold: (a) CCBL coordinators and coaches recognize the importance of representation to enhancing their support to program users; (b) CCBL coaches and coordinators make efforts to build trust with and increase buy-in from first-generation immigrant parents to improve girls’ program participation; and (c) CCBL coaches and coordinators make religious accommodations in response to the needs of Muslim and Christian program users. The findings illustrated that community-based sport programs serving second-generation African Canadian adolescent girls in low-income communities require multifaceted program and outreach strategies that consider the intersecting social experiences of participants to improve recruitment and participation. To conclude, policy and program design and implementation strategies to support the creation of inclusive, equity-driven community-based sport practices were proposed.
Recruitment, attrition and intervention completion in clinical trials of psychosocial interventions involving people with early and emerging psychosis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nic Giolla Easpaig Bróna , Zhai Jianxia , Gray Richard , Brown Ellie , Bressington Daniel 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPsychosocial interventions for people experiencing early and emerging psychosis have demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptom severity and supporting recovery; however, much remains unknown about optimising treatment and future research trials are required. Gaining a better understanding of feasibility in trials of psychosocial interventions involving this population would inform the design and planning of future research and support the development of high-quality evidence. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the recruitment rate, study attrition rates and intervention completion of psychosocial intervention randomised controlled trial studies involving people with early and emerging psychosis.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will be reported in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 guideline. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL databases will be searched from inception to September 2021 to identify potentially relevant studies. The title and abstracts of returned records will be assessed for eligibility against the inclusion/exclusion criteria by two reviewers, independently, and records which appear eligible will be included. The full texts of included records will then be assessed using the same procedure. Qualitative and quantitative synthesis will be undertaken. Proportion meta-analyses will be used to calculate the recruitment rate, study attrition rate and intervention completion rate, while subgroup analyses will explore differences among subgroups of study and intervention characteristics.Ethics and disseminationThis study will collate and analyse anonymised data from published research and therefore, ethical approval is not necessary. Study results will be disseminated via publication in academic journals.
Influence of chemotherapy on postural control and quality of life in women with gynaecological cancer: a protocol of a prospective observational study
Authors: Reinmann Aline , Bruyneel Anne-Violette , Gligorov Joseph , Mesure Serge , Combescure Christophe , Koessler Thibaud , Bodmer Alexandre 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a frequent side effect of some chemotherapies that can cause postural control disorders and has a serious impact on quality of life (QoL). An enhanced understanding of postural control dysfunction could help build a systematic and accurate assessment as well as specific exercises to limit the impact on QoL. This study aims to assess the influence of chemotherapy on postural control and the QoL for women with gynaecological cancer.Methods and analysisThis prospective observational study will include 37 participants with cancer treated using neurotoxic chemotherapy. Their postural control in various conditions (rigid and foam surfaces, eyes open and closed, with and without tendon vibration, and dual tasks), limits of stability, QoL and modified Total Neuropathy Score will be assessed. A linear mixed model will compare postural control pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by an ethical review board in Geneva (CCER-2020-01639). The study findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04692168.
Measuring effective coverage of maternal and child health services in Cambodia: a retrospective analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Kim Min kyung , Kim Soon Ae , Oh Juhwan , Kim Chae Eun , Arsenault Catherine 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate effective, quality-adjusted, coverage and inequality of maternal and child health (MCH) services to assess progress in improving quality of care in Cambodia.DesignA retrospective secondary analysis using the three most recent (2005, 2010 and 2014) Demographic and Health Surveys.SettingCambodia.Participants53 155 women aged 15–49 years old and 23 242 children under 5 years old across the three surveys.Outcome measuresWe estimated crude coverage, effective coverage and inequality in effective coverage for five MCH services over time: antenatal care (ANC), facility delivery and sick childcare for diarrhoea, pneumonia and fever. Quality was defined by the proportion of care seekers who received a set of interventions during healthcare visits. Effective coverage was estimated by combining crude coverage and quality. We used equiplots and risk ratios, to assess patterns in inequality in MCH effective coverage across wealth quintile, urban–rural and women’s education levels and over time.ResultsIn 2014, crude and effective coverage was 80.1% and 56.4%, respectively, for maternal health services (ANC and facility delivery) and 59.1% and 26.9%, respectively, for sick childcare (diarrhoea, pneumonia and fever). Between 2005 and 2014, effective coverage improved for all services, but improvements were larger for maternal healthcare than for sick child care. In 2014, poorer children were more likely to receive oral rehydration solution for diarrhoea than children from richer households. Meanwhile, women from urban areas were more likely to receive a postnatal check before getting discharged.ConclusionsEffective coverage has generally improved in Cambodia but efforts remain to improve quality for all MCH services. Our results point to substantial gaps in curative sick child care, a large share of which is provided by unregulated private providers in Cambodia. Policymakers should focus on improving effective coverage, and not only crude coverage, to achieve the health-related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Dementia prevalence estimation among the main ethnic groups in New Zealand: a population-based descriptive study of routinely collected health data
Authors: Cheung Gary , To Edith , Rivera-Rodriguez Claudia , Ma’u Etuini , Chan Amy Hai Yan , Ryan Brigid , Cullum Sarah 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveEstimates of dementia prevalence in New Zealand (NZ) have previously been extrapolated from limited Australasian studies, which may be neither accurate nor reflect NZ’s unique population and diverse ethnic groups. This study used routinely collected health data to estimate the 1-year period prevalence for diagnosed dementia for each of the 4 years between July 2016 and June 2020 in the age 60+ and age 80+ populations and for the four main ethnic groups.DesignA population-based descriptive study.SettingSeven national health data sets within the NZ Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) were linked. Diagnosed dementia prevalence for each year was calculated using the IDI age 60+ and age 80+ populations as the denominator and also age–sex standardised to allow comparison across ethnic groups.ParticipantsDiagnosed dementia individuals in the health datasets were identified by diagnostic or medication codes used in each of the data sets with deduplication of those who appeared in more than one data set.ResultsThe crude diagnosed dementia prevalence was 3.8%–4.0% in the age 60+ population and 13.7%–14.4% in the age 80+ population across the four study years. Dementia prevalence age–sex standardised to the IDI population in the last study period of 2019–2020 was 5.4% for Māori, 6.3% for Pacific Islander, 3.7% for European and 3.4% for Asian in the age 60+ population, and 17.5% for Māori, 22.2% for Pacific Islander, 13.6% for European and 13.5% for Asian in the age 80+ population.ConclusionsThis study provides the best estimate to date for dementia prevalence in NZ but is limited to those people who were identified as having dementia based on data from the seven included data sets. The findings suggest that diagnosed dementia prevalence is higher in Māori and Pacific Islanders. A nationwide NZ community-based dementia prevalence study is much needed to confirm the findings of this study.
Job demands and resources related to burn-out symptoms and work engagement in supervisors working with people with severe disabilities in social firms: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kordsmeyer Ann-Christin , Efimov Ilona , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo analyse working conditions, work and health-related outcomes of supervisors working with people with severe disabilities in social firms.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingSocial firms who employ between 30% and 50% of people with different types of disabilities on the general labour market.ParticipantsSupervisors of social firms in Germany.Primary outcome measuresDescriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to analyse relations between job demands (quantitative and emotional demands), job resources (meaning of work, perceived organisational support and influence at work), personal resources (resilience) and burn-out symptoms as well as work engagement. Validated scales, for example, from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire were applied.Results124 supervisors of social firms in Germany (59.7% were male and 39.5% female) participated within a cross-sectional quantitative online survey. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated an association of quantitative job demands (β=0.236, p<0.05) and perceived organisational support (β=−0.217, p<0.05) and burn-out symptoms of supervisors in social firms. Meaning of work (β=0.326, p<0.001) and perceived organisational support (β=0.245, p<0.05) were significantly associated with work engagement.ConclusionsOur study specified main job demands and resources for supervisors in German social firms and their impact on both burn-out symptoms and work engagement. When designing measures for workplace health promotion in social firms, especially supervisors’ quantitative job demands need to be reduced and perceived organisational support strengthened.
Lateral abdominal muscles of adults with hypermobility may be partially impaired during contraction
Authors: Mitchell Ulrike H , Johnson A Wayne , Adams Lauren , Kho Jade , Pace Nicolas , Owen Patrick J 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMuscle function may be impaired in people with generalised hypermobility, yet prior studies have primarily focused on muscles within the extremities. We aimed to examine changes in lateral abdominal muscle (transversus abdominis (TrA) and the external (EO) and internal abdominal obliques (IO)) thickness and length during contraction between participants with and without hypermobility.MethodsThis cross-sectional study examined 12 participants with hypermobility and 12 age-matched, sex-matched, height-matched and weight-matched participants without hypermobility. The Beighton and Belavy-Owen-Mitchell score assessed systemic hypermobility. Muscle thickness and length were measured via panoramic ultrasound scans at rest and during contraction.ResultsWhen compared with rest across all lumbar levels (L1–L5), contraction produced a lesser increase in TrA thickness (β=0.03, p=0.034) for participants with hypermobility compared with control. No group-by-condition interaction was observed for TrA length across all lumbar levels (L1–L5; p=0.269). Contraction produced a greater decrease in EO thickness (β=0.08, p=0.002) at L3 only for participants with hypermobility compared with control. No group-by-condition interactions were observed for IO thickness.ConclusionParticipants with hypermobility had partially impaired lateral abdominal muscle function given a lesser ability to increase TrA muscle thickness during contraction compared with controls.
Novel TCF21highpericyte subpopulation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by remodelling perivascular matrix
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Pan Jinghua , Liu Tongzheng , Yin Wenqian , Miao Qun , Zhao Zhan , Gao Yufeng , Zheng Wei , Li Hang , Deng Rong , Huang Dandan , Qiu Shenghui , Zhang Yiran , Qi Qi , Deng Lijuan , Huang Maohua , Tang Patrick Ming-Kuen , Cao Yihai , Chen Minfeng , Ye Wencai , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveHaematogenous dissemination is a prevalent route of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. However, as the gatekeeper of vessels, the role of tumour pericytes (TPCs) in haematogenous metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of TPCs and their effects on CRC metastasis.DesignTPCs were isolated from patients with CRC with or without liver metastases and analysed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Clinical CRC specimens were collected to analyse the association between the molecular profiling of TPCs and CRC metastasis. RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and bisulfite-sequencing were performed to investigate the TCF21-regulated genes and mechanisms underlying integrin α5 onTCF21DNA hypermethylation. Pericyte-conditionalTcf21-knockout mice were constructed to investigate the effects of TCF21 in TPCs on CRC metastasis. Masson staining, atomic force microscopy, second-harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence microscopy were employed to observe perivascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling.ResultsThirteen TPC subpopulations were identified by scRNA-seq. A novel subset of TCF21highTPCs, termed ‘matrix–pericytes’, was associated with liver metastasis in patients with CRC. TCF21 in TPCs increased perivascular ECM stiffness, collagen rearrangement and basement membrane degradation, establishing a perivascular metastatic microenvironment to instigate colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM).Tcf21depletion in TPCs mitigated perivascular ECM remodelling and CRCLM, whereas the coinjection of TCF21highTPCs and CRC cells markedly promoted CRCLM. Mechanistically, loss of integrin α5 inhibited the FAK/PI3K/AKT/DNMT1 axis to impairTCF21DNA hypermethylation in TCF21highTPCs.ConclusionThis study uncovers a previously unidentified role of TPCs in haematogenous metastasis and provides a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC metastasis.