bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and burden of four major chronic diseases in the Shanxi Province of Northern China
Authors: He Lu , La Yuanyuan , Yan Yan , Wang Yuxiao , Cao Xi , Cai Yutong , Li Sitian , Qin Mengxia , Feng Qilong 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundChronic non-communicable diseases constitute an important public health problem that is closely related to behavioral risk factors. The study examined the prevalence, burden, and behavioral risk factors relevant to four major chronic diseases in Shanxi Province, China. The results obtained could provide a basis for the formulation of chronic disease prevention and control strategies in north China.MethodsA multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 14,137 residents aged ≥15 years who completed a questionnaire survey and physical examination. The disease burden was evaluated using the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) index. The extent of disease burden attributable to smoking and drinking behavior was analyzed using counterfactual analysis.ResultsThe total DALYs due to the four major chronic diseases was 938,100. The years of life lost due to stroke accounted for 74.86%; the years of life lived with disabilities accounted for 54.0 and 68.1% of the total disease burden of coronary heart disease and diabetes. Coronary heart disease attributed to smoking (105,600) was the highest, followed by stroke (77,200), hypertension (6,000), and diabetes mellitus (5,900). Stroke attributed to drinking (30,700) was the highest followed by coronary heart disease (16,700) and diabetes (1,100). The disease burden caused by smoking and drinking was higher in men (164,000 and 40,700, respectively) than in women (30,700 and 7,300, respectively).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence and significant burden associated with major chronic diseases in Shanxi Province. Therefore, the need for the application of various interventions to control smoking and drinking (the major predisposing factors) should be applied to reduce this burden.
Fiscal autonomy of subnational governments and equity in healthcare resource allocation: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Ciran , Cui Dan , Yin Shicheng , Wu Ruonan , Ke Xinfeng , Liu Xiaojun , Yang Ying , Sun Yixuan , Xu Luxinyi , Teng Caixia 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesPromoting equity in healthcare resource allocation (EHRA) has become a critical political agenda of governments at all levels since the ambitious Universal Health Coverage was launched in China in 2009, while the role of an important institutional variable—fiscal autonomy of subnational governments—is often overlooked. The present study was designed to determine the effect of FASG on EHRA and its potential mechanism of action and heterogeneity characteristics to provide empirical support for the research field expansion and relative policies making of EHRA.MethodsFrom the start, we utilized the Theil index and the entropy method to calculate the EHRA index of 22 provinces (2011–2020) based on the medical resource data of 287 prefecture-level cities. Furthermore, we used the two-way fixed effects model (FE) to identify and analyze the impact of FASG on EHRA and then used three robustness test strategies and two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression to verify the reliability of the conclusions and deal with potential endogeneity problems, respectively. At last, we extend the baseline regression model and obtain the two-way FE threshold model for conducting heterogeneity analysis, which makes us verify whether the baseline model has nonlinear characteristics.ResultsThe static value and the trend of interannual changes in the EHRA values in different provinces are both very different. The regression results of the two-way FE model show that FASG has a significant positive impact on EHRA, and the corresponding estimated coefficient is – 0.0849 (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, this promotion effect can be reflected through two channels: enhancing the intensity of government health expenditure (IGHE) and optimizing the allocation of human resources for health (AHRH). At last, under the different economic and demographic constraints, the impact of FASG on EHRA has nonlinear characteristics, i.e., after crossing a specific threshold of per capita DGP (PGDP) and population density (PD), the promotion effect is reduced until it is not statistically significant, while after crossing a particular threshold of dependency ratio (DR), the promotion effect is further strengthened and still statistically significant.ConclusionsFASG plays an essential role in promoting EHRA, which shows that subnational governments need to attach great importance to the construction of fiscal capability in the allocation of health care resources, effectively improve the equity of medical and health fiscal expenditures, and promote the sustainable improvement of the level of EHRA.
Insomnia and sleep duration on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Peng Liuqing , Jing Jiarui , Ma Jun , He Simin , Gao Xue , Wang Tong 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSleep disturbance including insomnia and sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of infectious. With the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to explore potential causal associations of sleep disturbance on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization.MethodInsomnia and sleep duration were selected as exposure. Outcomes included susceptibility and hospitalization for COVID-19. Two sample mendelian randomization design was used to assess causality between sleep and COVID-19. Inverse variance weighted method was used as main analysis method to combine the ratio estimates for each instrumental variable to obtain the causal effect. Cochran's Q statistic was used to test for global heterogeneity. MR-Egger and weighting median estimator (WME) were used as sensitivity analysis to ensure the stability and reliability of the results. MR-Egger intercept term was used to test the mean pleiotropy. In addition, the direct effects of insomnia and sleep duration on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization were estimated using multivariable mendelian randomization (MVMR).ResultsUnivariate MR provided no evidence of a causal associations of insomnia on COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 1.10, 95% CI:0.95, 1.27; p = 0.21) and hospitalization (OR = 0.61, 95% CI:0.40, 0.92; p = 0.02); as does sleep duration (ORCOIVD − 19susceptibility = 0.93, 95% CI:0.86, 1.01; p = 0.07; ORCOIVD − 19hospitalization = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.47; p = 0.08). MVMR results showed that insomnia may be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.05; p &lt;0.001); and sleep duration was also associated with increased COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.46; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionInsomnia and extreme sleep duration may risk factors for increased COVID-19 susceptibility. Relieving insomnia and maintaining normal sleep duration may be powerful measures to reduce COVID-19 infections.
Comparison of Different Chemical and Mechanical Modalities for Implant Surface Decontamination: Activity against Biofilm and Influence on Cellular Regrowth—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Citterio Filippo , Zanotto Elisa , Pellegrini Gaia , Annaratore Laura , Barbui Anna Maria , Dellavia Claudia , Baima Giacomo , Romano Federica , Aimetti Mario 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of chemical and mechanical methods for decontamination of titanium dental implant surfaces previously infected with polymicrobial biofilms in a model simulating a peri-implant defect. Furthermore, the effect of each decontamination protocol on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells morphology and adhesion to the treated implants was assessed.BackgroundPeri-implantitis is a growing issue in dentistry, and evidence about implant surface decontamination procedures is lacking and inconclusive.MethodsA total of 40 previously biofilm-contaminated implants were placed into a custom-made model simulating a peri-implant defect and randomly assigned to five treatment groups: (C) control (no treatment); (AW) air abrasion without any powder; (ESC) air abrasion with powder of erythritol, amorphous silica, and 0.3% chlorhexidine; (HBX) decontamination with a sulfonic/sulfuric acid solution in gel; and (HBX + ESC) a combination of HBX and ESC. Microbiological analysis was performed on five implants per treatment group, and the residual viable bacterial load measured in log 10 CFU/mL was counted for each bacterial strain and for the total number of colonies. The remaining three implants per group and three noncontaminated (NC) implants were used to assess surface biocompatibility using a scanning electron microscope and a backscattered electron microscope after seeding with MG-63 cells.ResultsA significant decontaminant effect was achieved using HBX or HBX + ESC, while no differences were observed among other groups. The percentage of implant surface covered by adherent MG-63 cells was influenced by the treatment method. Progressive increases in covered surfaces were observed in groups C, AW, ESC, HBX, HBX + ESC, and NC.ConclusionsA combination of mechanical and chemical decontamination may provide more predictable results than mechanical cleaning alone.
Integrated analysis of Helicobacter pylori-related prognostic gene modification patterns in the tumour microenvironment of gastric cancer
Authors: Zheng Kaitian , Wang Ye , Wang Jiancheng , Wang Congjun , Chen Junqiang 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection is one of the leading causes of gastric cancer (GC). However, the interaction between HP and the TME, and its carcinogenic mechanism remains unknown.MethodsThe HP-related prognostic genes were identified based on HP infection-related gene markers and HP infection sample datasets by risk method and NMF algorithm. Principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was used to constructed the HPscore system. The “limma” R package was employed to determine differentially expressed genes. In addition, the R packages, such as “xCell” and “GSVA”, was used to analyze the relationship between the HPscore and tumor microenvironment. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to verify the expression levels of 28 HP-related prognostic genes in tissues.ResultsWe successfully identified 28 HP-related prognostic genes that accurately classified the GC population. There are significant differences in survival between different subgroups (high-, low-risk and cluster_1,2). Thereafter, the HPscore system was constructed to evaluate the signatures of the 28 HP-related prognostic genes. The overall survival rate in the high-HPscore group was poor and immunological surveillance was reduced, whereas the low-HPscore group had a survival advantage and was related to the inflammatory response. HPscore was also strongly correlated with the tumour stage, TME cell infiltration and stemness. The qRT-PCR results showed that DOCK4 expression level of 28 HP-related prognostic genes was higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues.ConclusionsHP signatures play a crucial role in the TME and tumourigenesis. HPscore evaluation of a single tumour sample can help identify the TME characteristics and the carcinogenic mechanism of GC patients infected with HP, based on which personalized treatment can be administered.
The Spatial Pattern of the Two Genetic Lineages of the Field Vole in Lithuania
Authors: Prakas Petras , Butkauskas Dalius , Vaišvilienė Jevgenija , Balčiauskienė Laima , Balčiauskas Linas 
Published: September 2022

The phylogeography of the filed vole (Microtus agrestis) in Eurasia was thoroughly examined using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene. However, the former conclusions about genetic variability and the contact zone of eastern and western genetic lineages in Lithuania were based on the analysis of a very limited number of individuals. In the present study, we examined 74 M. agrestis individuals trapped in four sites in the eastern, northern, and western parts of the country using sequence analysis of cytb and D-loop. Totals of 25 new cytb haplotypes and 19 new D-loop haplotypes were identified for this species. Higher nucleotide diversity was observed for D-loop (π = 0.01147 ± 0.00070) as compared to cytb (π = 0.00694 ± 0.00039). The phylogenetic analysis based on both loci revealed the presence of two genetic lineages, i.e., the eastern and western ones, which were mixed in Lithuanian samples, with the exception of the Rusnė site in the west of the country. Only the western lineage was observed in this island population of M. agrestis; the sample differed in low genetic variability and genetic differentiation from other investigated samples. We found D-loop to be an appropriate locus for the evaluation of the genetic variability of M. agrestis.
Isolation and Functional Characterization of Soybean BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3-Like 1 (GmBEH3L1) Associated with Dehydration Sensitivity and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Park Cho-Rong , Nguyen Van Tinh , Min Ji-Hee , Sang Hyunkyu , Lim Gah-Hyun , Kim Cheol Soo 
Published: September 2022

Brassinosteroid (BR) is an important steroid hormone that regulates plant development, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and responses to abiotic stress. We previously demonstrated that BEH3 (BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3) of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates dehydration and ABA responses by mediating proline metabolism. Furthermore, BEH3 negatively regulates BR-mediated hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown seedlings. However, the roles of BEH3 ortholog genes in the osmotic stress response of plants have remained largely unknown. Here, GmBEH3L1 (Glycine max BEH3-Like 1), a soybean (G. max) ortholog of the BEH3 gene of A. thaliana, was isolated and functionally characterized. GmBEH3L1 is induced by ABA, dehydration, and drought conditions. The GmBEH3L1-overexpressing transgenic lines (GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3) with the beh3 mutant background have ABA- and dehydration-sensitive phenotypes during early seedling growth, implying that GmBEH3L1 is involved in both osmotic stress and ABA sensitivity as a negative regulator in A. thaliana. Consistent with these results, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines exhibit decreased expression levels of ABA- or dehydration-inducible genes. Under darkness, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines display a short hypocotyl length compared to the beh3 mutant, indicating that GmBEH3L1 is linked to BR signaling. Together, our data suggest that GmBEH3L1 participates negatively in ABA and dehydration responses through BR signaling.
On the Mass Ratio Distribution of Black Hole Mergers in Triple Systems
Authors: Martinez Miguel A. S. , Rodriguez Carl L. , Fragione Giacomo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Observations have shown that the majority of massive stars, the progenitors of black holes (BHs), have on average more than one stellar companion. In triple systems, wide inner binaries can be driven to a merger by a third body due to long-term secular interactions, most notably by the eccentric Lidov–Kozai effect. In this study, we explore the properties of BH mergers in triple systems and compare their population properties to those of binaries produced in isolation and assembled in dense star clusters. Using the same stellar physics and identical assumptions for the initial populations of binaries and triples, we show that stellar triples yield a significantly flatter mass ratio distribution from q = 1 down to q ∼ 0.3 than either binary stars or dense stellar clusters, similar to the population properties inferred from the most recent catalog of gravitational-wave events, though we do not claim that all the observed events can be accounted for with triples. While hierarchical mergers in clusters can also produce asymmetric mass ratios, the unique spins of such mergers can be used to distinguish them from those produced from stellar triples. All three channels occupy distinct regions in the total mass–mass ratio space, which may allow them to be disentangled as more BH mergers are detected by LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA.
A Pilot Survey of an M Dwarf Flare Star with Swift’s UV Grism
Authors: Chavali Shashank , Youngblood Allison , Paudel Rishi R. , Loyd R. O. Parke , Molaverdikhani Karan , Pineda J. Sebastian , Barclay Thomas , Vega Laura D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectral region is a useful diagnostic for stellar flare physics and assessing the energy environment of young exoplanets, especially as relates to prebiotic chemistry. We conducted a pilot NUV spectroscopic flare survey of the young M dwarf AU Mic with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory's UltraViolet and Optical Telescope. We detected four flares and three other epochs of significantly elevated count rates during the 9.6 hr of total exposure time, consistent with a NUV flare rate of ∼0.5 hr−1. The largest flare we observed released a minimum energy of 6 × 1033 erg between 1730 and 5000 Å. All flares had durations longer than the ∼14–17 minutes duration of each Swift visit, making measuring total flare energy and duration infeasible.
Pregnant Women’s Perception of Pregnancy, Childbirth and Postpartum Care: Literature Review in Developing Countries
Authors: Santi Dwi Rukma , Suminar Dewi , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Mahmudah Mahmudah , Soedirham Oedojo , Prasetyorini Anif 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Approximately 10.7 million pregnant women have passed away from 1990 to 2015 due to obstetric complications. Nearly all of them (99% of global maternal deaths) take place in developing countries. As a matter of fact, most people in dveloping countries have implemented many cultural practices which bring about negative effects on pregnant women’s health behaviour to potentially have greater risk of obstetric complications. Unfortunately, no comprehensive research yet conducted especially on pregnant women’s perceptions of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care (PC) in developing countries.

Objective:
To identify factors of pregnant women’s perception of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care in developing countries

Method:
The research was carried out through Literature Review in which electronic database search the so-called database Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier (SCOPUS), Springerlink, and Google Schoolar was conducted in January 2021. The steps of systematic review were through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) method.

Results:
Modifying factors with pivotal role during the service of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care in developing countries are knowledge, ethnicity, socioeconomics, and personality. Most individual beliefs in developing countries are perceived barriers. Whereas, Perceived susceptibility and severity of disease, perceived benefits, perceived self efficacy and perceived threat to make the most use of health service during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care are also well-known with variables of external cues to action is among the most popular ones especially with personal experience and information from neighborhood with local habits and belief unsupportive to health service.

Conclusion:
Factors to influence perception, practice, and access during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care in developing countries are culture, knowledge, distance, education, experience, mental stress, no decision making autonomy and social supports. Thus, comprehensive research on the influence of modifying factors of individual behavior and cues to action needs to be carried out.

Keywords: Perception, Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum Care
Homo sapiens, une espèce invasive
Authors: Hublin Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2022

Partie de sa niche éco-géographique africaine, l’espèce Homo sapiens a étendu son emprise sur l’ensemble de la planète au cours de son expansion, entraînant une perte de la biodiversité et la disparition d’autres espèces humaines, comme les Néandertaliens, avec lesquelles elle a parfois coexisté. Comment notre espèce s’est-elle ainsi imposée ? Était-elle réellement plus avancée que les autres formes d’humanité qui ont évolué parallèlement à elle ? Cette leçon inaugurale tente de définir Homo sapiens, de l’évolution de ses traits morphologiques et physiques à ses capacités cognitives, en passant par la maîtrise de certaines technologies.
From Open to Closed: COVID-19 Restrictions on Previously Unrestricted Visitation Policies in Adult Intensive Care Units
Authors: Marmo Suzanne , Milner Kerry A. 
Published: September 2022

Background
In March 2020, rising numbers of COVID-19 infections contributed to changes in intensive care unit visitation policies, with some facilities allowing no visitors.

Objective
To compare visitation policies of Magnet and Pathway to Excellence hospitals with prepandemic open visitation in adult intensive care units.

Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted from January through March 2021. Quantitative data on visitation policies were extracted from websites of 96 Magnet and Pathway to Excellence hospitals that had allowed unrestricted visits in adult intensive care units before the pandemic. Qualitative data were collected via semistructured interviews with 9 nurse leaders from these hospitals.

Results
More than 1 year after the start of the pandemic, all of the hospitals had instituted restricted visitation policies. The policies varied, with little to no evidence-based justification. Restrictions included 83% of hospitals (n = 80) allowing just 1 visitor per day and 69% of hospitals (n = 50 of 72) allowing no visits at all for patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit. Five themes were found when nurse leaders’ interviews were analyzed: visitors not welcome, doing harm, external decisions at system level, visiting within limits, and changes in critical care nursing work.

Conclusion
Results of the study suggest that despite the vast amount of evidence supporting the benefits of visitation and the harms of restricted visitation and expert recommendations for returning safe visitation to hospitals, Magnet and Pathway to Excellence hospitals continue to enforce restricted visitation policies in intensive care units. Patients, families, and nursing and health care staff must partner to create pandemic-proof visitation policies.