bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing Aid Technology Settings and Speech-in-Noise Difficulties
Authors: Davidson Alyssa , Marrone Nicole , Souza Pamela 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Hearing aids are the primary method to manage hearing loss. However, there are limited recommendations for when and how to set advanced hearing aid features. The purpose of this study is to describe how hearing aid features are utilized in clinically fit devices and to evaluate the relationship between the fitted hearing aid feature and the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test (QuickSIN).

Method:
Data from two laboratories were evaluated retrospectively, resulting in 107 bilateral hearing aid participants who obtained their hearing aids at clinics in their communities. Ages ranged from 60 to 93 years. Degree of speech-in-noise difficulty was evaluated using the QuickSIN (mild, moderate, or severe). Settings for directionality, digital noise reduction (DNR), and hearing assistive technology (HAT) use were documented. Directionality was categorized as omnidirectional, fixed (full-time directional), or adaptive (adjusts automatically based on noise source). DNR was recorded as either on or off. HAT use was recorded as either yes or no.

Results:

QuickSIN scores ranged from −1.5 to 25 dB SNR loss (
M
= 7). A moderate correlation was determined for QuickSIN scores and pure-tone averages. Adaptive directionality was used most often, most participants had DNR turned on, and HAT use was low. The biggest contributions to the Chi-square test for directionality and degrees of speech-in-noise difficulty together were fixed/severe, fixed/moderate, and adaptive/mild.

Conclusions:
In this clinical sample, there was limited HAT use and advanced features are not set in a way that is consistent with speech-in-noise abilities. It is likely that patients fit with noise management that is not suited to their listening abilities are experiencing increased difficulties in challenging listening environments that could potentially be mitigated with alternative management. Evidence-based research on prefitting measures of speech in noise to help inform patient-centered clinical decisions is needed.
Open-Set Phoneme Recognition Performance With Varied Temporal Cues in Younger and Older Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Shader Maureen J. , Kwon Bomjun J. , Gordon-Salant Sandra , Goupell Matthew J. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of age on phoneme recognition performance in which the stimuli varied in the amount of temporal information available in the signal. Chronological age is increasingly recognized as a factor that can limit the amount of benefit an individual can receive from a cochlear implant (CI). Central auditory temporal processing deficits in older listeners may contribute to the performance gap between younger and older CI users on recognition of phonemes varying in temporal cues.Method:Phoneme recognition was measured at three stimulation rates (500, 900, and 1800 pulses per second) and two envelope modulation frequencies (50 Hz and unfiltered) in 20 CI participants ranging in age from 27 to 85 years. Speech stimuli were multiple word pairs differing in temporal contrasts and were presented via direct stimulation of the electrode array using an eight-channel continuous interleaved sampling strategy. Phoneme recognition performance was evaluated at each stimulation rate condition using both envelope modulation frequencies.Results:Duration of deafness was the strongest subject-level predictor of phoneme recognition, with participants with longer durations of deafness having poorer performance overall. Chronological age did not predict performance for any stimulus condition. Additionally, duration of deafness interacted with envelope filtering. Participants with shorter durations of deafness were able to take advantage of higher frequency envelope modulations, while participants with longer durations of deafness were not.Conclusions:Age did not significantly predict phoneme recognition performance. In contrast, longer durations of deafness were associated with a reduced ability to utilize available temporal information within the signal to improve phoneme recognition performance.
Adults Who Stutter Show Diminished Word Fluency, Regardless of Mode
Authors: Lescht Erica , Dickey Michael Walsh , Stockbridge Melissa D. , Ratner Nan Bernstein 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Language abilities have long been thought to be weaker in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to adults who do not stutter (AWNS). However, it is unknown whether modality affects language performance by AWS in time pressure situations. This study aimed to examine lexical access and retrieval abilities of AWS in oral and typed modes.

Method:
Fifteen AWS and 15 well-matched AWNS completed computer-administered letter fluency tasks. Adults were asked to orally produce words that began with one of two letter targets and type words that began with one of two alternate letters. Conditions were counterbalanced across participants.

Results:
Generalized linear mixed-effects models were evaluated to determine the effects of group (AWS/AWNS), mode (oral/typed), and expressive vocabulary on letter fluency performance. Group predicted letter fluency such that AWS generated fewer items on both the oral and typed letter fluency tasks. Mode did not impact letter fluency results. Expressive Vocabulary Test scores predicted letter fluency similarly in both AWS and AWNS.

Conclusions:
AWS were not penalized by oral task demands. AWS generated fewer items on the letter fluency tasks regardless of response mode, suggesting that they have weaker lexical access abilities. Furthermore, better expressive vocabulary skills were associated with better letter fluency performance in both groups.
Motion parameter estimation of high‐speed manoeuvering targets based on hybrid integration and synchrosqueezing transform
Authors: Lin Hua , Zeng Chao , Zhang Hai , Jiang Ge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we address the problem of estimating the motion parameters of multiple high‐speed manoeuvering targets under low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) environment with a low‐range resolution radar, where the target movement could cause the echo signal energy seriously spread across both the range and Doppler frequency coordinates, and the returned signals from different targets would merge into each other. Based on the subaperture feature enhancement, Hough transform (HT) and the second‐order short‐time Fourier‐based synchrosqueezing transform (FSST2), a novel method, named as EHFSST2, is proposed. The proposed method can robustly extract the targets of interest from environment and accurately estimate the targets' motion parameters. Thanks to its ability to compensate the effects of the range walk, curvature, and the Doppler ambiguity, spreading, wrapping, and the energy of echo signal can be coherently integrated along the target's individual moving trajectory. In addition, several numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness. The results show that the proposed method is superior to some existing methods in terms of the anti‐noise ability, measurement accuracy and integration performance.
Connecting Galactic and extragalactic outflows: From the Cygnus-X cluster to active galaxies
Authors: Skretas I. M. , Kristensen L. E. 
Published: February 2022

Context. Molecular outflows are commonly detected originating from both protostellar and extragalactic sources. Separate studies of low-mass, isolated high-mass, and extragalactic sources reveal scaling relations connecting the force carried by an outflow and the properties of the source that drives it, as for example the mass and luminosity.
Aims. The aim of this work is twofold: first, to examine the effects, if any, of clustered star formation on the protostellar outflows and their scaling relations and, second, to explore the possibility that outflows varying in scale and energetics by many orders of magnitude are consistent with being launched by the same physical processes.
Methods. To that end, high-angular resolution CO J = 3–2 observations were used of ten high-mass protostars in the Cygnus-X molecular cloud, obtained at the SubMilliMeter Array as part of the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey of Cygnus-X (PILS-Cygnus). From these data, the outflow force, that is the momentum ejection rate, was measured. In addition, an extended sample of protostellar and extragalactic outflow-force measurements was assembled from existing literature to allow for a direct comparison of the scaling relations of the two types of outflows.
Results. Molecular outflows were detected originating from all ten sources of the PILS-Cygnus survey, and their outflow forces are found to be in close agreement with measurements from the literature. In addition, the comparison of the protostellar and extragalactic sources reveals, with 95% confidence, that Class 0 protostars and extragalactic sources follow the same outflow force–bolometric luminosity correlation.
Conclusions. The close agreement between the Cygnus-X sources and sources of similar envelope mass and bolometric luminosity suggests that clustered star formation has no significant effect on protostellar outflows. We find a strong indication that protostellar and extragalactic outflows are consistent with having a similar launch mechanism. The existence of such a mechanism would enable the development of a single universal outflow launch model, although more observations are required in order to verify this connection.
Tea Tree Oil and Terpinen-4-Ol Induce Cytoskeletal Reorganization of
Human Melanoma Cells
Authors: Bozzuto Giuseppina , Mariano Fulvia , Costa Ilaria , Calcabrini Annarica , Molinari Agnese 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTea tree oil is an essential oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca
alternifolia, a plant native to Australia. It has been used in
traditional medicine for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties to
treat various skin conditions and infections. It has also been incorporated into
many topical formulations to treat cutaneous infections and speed wound healing.
In vivo and in vitro studies report antiproliferative effects
in skin disorders but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to
be still elucidated. In this study MTT assay, scanning electron microscopy-field
emission gun, flow cytometry, cell cycle assays, and laser scanning confocal
microscopy were utilized to investigate a novel mechanism underlying the
antiproliferative effects of tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol on transformed skin
(melanoma) M14 cells. The analysis of the actin cytoskeleton by laser scanning
confocal microscopy evidenced a clear action of both essential oil and its main
active component on F-actin, which interfered with bundling of actin
microfilaments in stress fibers. As for the microtubular network, both tea tree
oil and terpinen-4-ol induced a disorganization of the perinuclear cage with the
rupture and collapse of microtubules. Finally, they noticeably changed the
intermediate filaments architecture by inducing the formation of large vimentin
cables. Results obtained in the present study point to the cytoskeleton as a
further target of tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol and could account for the
inhibition of proliferation and invasion of skin transformed M14 cells. In our
experimental conditions, vimentin intermediate filaments appear to be the
cytoskeletal element more affected by the treatments. Moreover, the role of
cross-linker proteins in the mechanism of action of tea tree oil has been
discussed.
Single or Combined Valve Surgery and Concomitant Right Coronary Artery Bypass through Right Anterior Minithoracotomy Approach
Authors: Hasde Ali Ihsan , Sarıcaoğlu Mehmet Cahit , Kılıçkap Mustafa , Durdu Mustafa Serkan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Patients with combined valve and coronary artery disease are commonly performed by standard median sternotomy approach for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve surgery. The purpose of this study is to describe our experience and show feasibility and safety of minimally invasive approach to single or combined valve pathology with single-vessel right coronary artery (RCA) disease, even if it is suitable to percutaneous coronary intervention.
Methods This retrospective study comprised 28 consecutive patients who underwent single or combined valve surgery concomitant right CABG through right anterior minithoracotomy between February 2018 and December 2020. Preoperative evaluation, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes were reviewed and analyzed.
Results There were 12 men and 16 women. The mean age was 71.46 ± 6.82 years. Ten patients were in New York Heart Association class III or IV. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping times were 117.6 ± 21.3 and 98.1 ± 22.6 minutes, respectively. The mean time to extubation was 9.7 ± 5.6 hours, the mean intensive care unit stay was 37.4 ± 14.6 hours, and the mean hospital stay was 6.9 ± 3.2 days. There was one patient who underwent reoperation for bleeding. There were no instances of postoperative stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, or wound infection. The mean follow-up was 19 ± 2.4 months.
Conclusion Presence of RCA lesion is not a contraindication for minimally invasive approach in cases who underwent single or combined valve surgery. Combined valve surgery and right CABG via right anterior minithoracotomy are a safe and feasible option to standard median sternotomy surgery, even if RCA lesions seem suitable for stenting.
Tratamento da lesão muscular com células-tronco – Estudo experimental em coelhos
Authors: Santos Alex de Lima , Silva Camila Gonzaga da , Barreto Leticia Siqueira de Sá , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara , Pereira Bruno Fiorelini , Almeida Fernando Gonçalves de , Faloppa Flavio 
Published: February 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliação histológica e macroscópica do processo de cicatrização das lesões agudas do músculo reto femoral, com utilização de células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo (ADSCs, na sigla em inglês).
Método Foi realizado um estudo experimental com 18 patas traseiras de coelhos Nova Zelândia, que foram divididos em três nos grupos de estudo de acordo com a intervenção a ser realizada. No grupo I não foi realizado procedimento cirúrgico; no grupo II – SHAN foi realizado a lesão experimental sem nenhum protocolo de intervenção adicional; e no grupo III – Intervenção foi realizado a adição de ADSCs na mesma topografia onde foi realizada a lesão experimental. Após o período proposto, 2 semanas, o material foi coletado, submetido a avaliação macroscópica e histológica.
Resultados A análise quantitativa demonstrou que a adição de ADSCs está relacionada com a diminuição de células inflamatórias na avaliação com 2 semanas (164,2 células no grupo II – SHAN para 89,62 células no grupo III – ADSC). A análise qualitativa das lâminas coradas com Picrosírius red demonstrou um aumento das fibras de cor laranja/amarela no grupo III – ADSC, o que evidencia um processo final de cicatrização. A avaliação macroscópica não encontrou diferença entre os grupos.
Conclusão A utilização de ADSCs no tratamento de lesão muscular aguda apresentou vantagens histológicas quando comparada a sua não utilização.
Animal-Assisted Intervention in Speech-Language Pathology: Practical, Clinical, and Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Antonucci Sharon M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterest in animal-assisted interventions within the field of communication sciences and disorders is growing. As more clinicians become interested in engaging in animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and more researchers begin to study its potential benefits, it will be critical for all stakeholders to demonstrate knowledge of the standards and qualifications for service delivery as well as the challenges that must be met in developing an evidence base for clinical practice. This review highlights some of the foundational information relevant to AAT in the context of speech-language pathology.
Evaluation of the Electrically-Evoked Stapedial Reflex Threshold in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users with High-Frequency Probe Tones
Authors: Palani Saravanan , Alexander Arun , Sreenivasan Anuprasad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Measurement of the electrically-evoked stapedial reflex threshold (ESRT) is an objective tool used to set the comfort levels in pediatric cochlear implant (PCI) users. The levels of ESRT have a strong correlation with comfort levels. However, the clinical utility of ESRT is limited because the ESRT response is not observed in all cochlear implant users.
Objective To assess the effects of probe-tone frequency on ESRT and its relationship with the behavioral comfort levels in PCI users.
Methods A total of 14 PCI users aged between 5 and 8 years participated in the study. The ESRT levels were measured using high-frequency probe tones (678 Hz and 1,000 Hz), and the default 226 Hz probe tone. The ESRT was measured with single-electrode stimulation across the three electrode locations (basal [E01]; middle [E11]; and apical [E22]). The ESRT levels measured with different probe tone frequencies were compared with the behavioral comfort levels.
Results The mean ESRT levels using 1,000Hz and 678 Hz were lower than those measured using 226 Hz, but there was no main effect of probe-tone frequency (p > 0.05). A significantly high incidence of successful ESRT measurements occurred with higher-frequency probe tone (p < 0.039). Additionally, ESRT using higher probe tones significantly correlated with comfort levels.
Conclusion The ESRT with higher probe tones was correlated with behavioral comfort levels and increased the success rate of the measurements. Higher-frequency probe tones may be useful whenever ESRT with 226 Hz is not measurable.
Using life-history traits to predict the vulnerability to overexploitation in soldier striped shrimps
Authors: Medeiros-Leal Wendell , Santos Régis , Novoa-Pabon Ana , Isidro Eduardo , Melo Octávio , Pinho Mário 
Published: February 2022

The global overfishing scenario of the historically exploited marine stocks have generated concern and encouraged the search for new potentially exploitable fisheries resources. In this sense, shrimps are potential alternative resources to be exploited, given their high diversity and stock resilience. This study had an objective to estimate life-history traits and analyse yield and abundance fishing levels to see whether Plesionika edwardsii shrimp is vulnerable to overexploitation or not in the mid-North Atlantic (Azores region, ICES Subdivision 10a2). The females showed larger L∞ (asymptotic length) and k (coefficient of growth; L∞ = 27.3 mm, k = 0.75 year−1) than did males (L∞ = 24.58 mm, k = 0.73 year−1). The mortality rates of males (Z = 1.00 year−1; M = 0.84 year−1) and females (Z = 0.92 year−1; M = 0.85 year−1) were very similar. In terms of longevity, the males (3.47 year−1) survived longer than did females (3.34 year−1). Depletion experiments showed a fast and straight-forward decline of CPUEs (3, 5 and 9 days), confirming a low mobility and vulnerability to high fishing efforts. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimates (5.4–10.7 tonnes (Mg) year−1) showed a low annual sustainable catch. These values combined with the life-history characteristics indicated that this stock is less resilient and highly vulnerable to overfishing.
The pathogenic R5L mutation disrupts formation of Tau complexes on the microtubule by altering local N-terminal structure
Authors: Cario Alisa , Savastano Adriana , Wood Neil B. , Liu Zhu , Previs Michael J. , Hendricks Adam G. , Zweckstetter Markus , Berger Christopher L. 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceThe microtubule-associated protein Tau is strongly linked to a number of neurological diseases. Disease onset is typically associated with weakened interaction with the microtubule, but this widely accepted model is based on hyperphosphorylation or mutations within the C-terminal microtubule-binding domain of Tau. Here, we find that an N-terminal disease-associated mutation in Tau, R5L, does not reduce Tau affinity for microtubules but instead, modifies the N-terminal structure, altering Tau’s behavior and ability to condense on the microtubule surface. Our findings challenge the current paradigms of both how mutations in Tau lead to disease and the functional role of the N-terminal region of Tau.
‘So many “virologists” in this thread!’
Authors: Andersson Marta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper embarks on a functional analysis of impolite language use in discussions about the response to the pandemic of Covid-19 on the official Facebook page of the Swedish national public television broadcaster in the spring of 2020. Having combined the existing models of impoliteness (Culpeper 2016) with the Appraisal theory (Martin and White 2005) in a both quantitative and qualitative investigation, the study finds remarkable differences between supporters and opponents of the Swedish tactic in terms of enactment of value orientations categorized as different attitudes within the Appraisal framework. More specifically, opponents tend to voice more subjective and affectual sentiments, whereas supporters generally derive their attitude from the Swedish institutional norms and cultural standards, resulting in more judgement. As the study concludes, these findings are related to the inherent dichotomy of the Swedish welfare state paradigm, which integrates the concepts of both state and individual citizen liability.
Molecular Clouds Associated with H ii Regions and Candidates within l = 106.°65 to 109.°50 and b = −1.°85 to 0.°95
Authors: Li Chun-Xue , Wang Hong-Chi , Ma Yue-Hui , Zhang Miao-Miao , Li Chong , Zheng Yu-Qing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a large-scale simultaneous survey of the CO isotopologues (12CO, 13CO, and C18O) J = 1–0 line emission toward the Galactic plane region of l = 106.°65 to 109.°50 and b = −1.°85 to 0.°95 using the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7 m millimeter-wavelength telescope. Except for the molecular gas in the solar neighborhood, the emission from the molecular gas in this region is concentrated in the velocity range of [−60, −35] km s−1. The gas in the region can be divided into four clouds, with mass in the range of ∼103–104
M
☉. We have identified 25 filaments based on the 13CO data. The median excitation temperature, length, line mass, line width, and virial parameter of the filaments are 10.89 K, 8.49 pc, 146.11 M
⊙ pc−1, 1.01 km s−1, and 3.14, respectively. Among these filaments, eight have virial parameters of less than 2, suggesting that they are gravitationally bound and can lead to star formation. Nineteen H ii regions or candidates have previously been found in the region and we investigate the relationships between these H ii regions/candidates and surrounding molecular clouds in detail. Using morphology similarity and radial velocity consistency between H ii regions/candidates and molecular clouds as evidence for association, and raised temperature and velocity broadening as signatures of interaction, we propose that 12 H ii regions/candidates are associated with their surrounding molecular clouds. In the case of the H ii region of S142, the energy of the H ii region is sufficient to maintain the turbulence in the surrounding molecular gas.