bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonophotocatalytic degradation of malachite green in aqueous solution using six competitive metal oxides as a benchmark
Authors: El-Sawy Abdelhamid M. , Salem Mohamed A. , Salem Ibrahim A. , Hydara Mahmoud M. , Zaki Ahmed B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA comparison study examines six different metal oxides (CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4, Co3O4, NiO, and α-MnO2) for the degradation of malachite green dye using four distinct processes. These processes are as follows: sonocatalysis (US/metal oxide), sonocatalysis under ultra-violet irradiation (US/metal oxide/UV), sonocatalysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (US/metal oxide/H2O2), and a combination of all these processes (US/metal oxide/UV/H2O2). The effective operating parameters, such as the dosage of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), the type of the process, and the metal oxides’ efficiency order, were studied. At the same reaction conditions, the sonophotocatalytic is the best process for all six MOsNPs, CuO was the better metal oxide than other MOsNPs, and at the sonocatalysis process, ZnO was the best metal oxide in other processes. It was found that the metal oxide order for sonocatalytic process is CuO > α-MnO2 ≥ ZnO > NiO ≥ Fe3O4 ≥ Co3O4 within 15–45 min. The order of (US/metal oxide/UV) process is ZnO ≥ NiO ≥ α-MnO2 > Fe3O4 ≥ CuO ≥ Co3O4 within 5–40 min. The order of (US/ MOsNPs/ H2O2) process is ZnO ≥ CuO ≥ α-MnO2 ≥ NiO > Co3O4 > Fe3O4 within 5–20 min. The maximum removal efficiency order of the sonophotocatalytic process is ZnO ≥ CuO > α-MnO2 > NiO > Fe3O4 ≥ Co3O4 within 2–8 min. The four processes degradation efficiency was in the order US/MOsNPs ˂ US/MOsNPs/UV ˂ US/MOsNPs/H2O2 ˂ (UV/Ultrasonic/MOsNPs/H2O2). Complete degradation of MG was obtained at 0.05 g/L MONPs and 1 mM of H2O2 using 296 W/L ultrasonic power and 15 W ultra-violet lamp (UV-C) within a reaction time of 8 min according to the MOsNPs type at the same sonophotocatalytic/H2O2 reaction conditions. The US/metal oxide/UV/H2O2 process is inexpensive, highly reusable, and efficient for degrading dyes in colored wastewater.
Graphical abstract
Abdominal Aortic Wall Cross-coupled Stiffness Could Potentially Contribute to Aortic Length Remodeling
Authors: Karlsson Jerker , Stålhand Jonas , Carlhäll Carl-Johan , Länne Toste , Engvall Jan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Wall stiffness of the abdominal aorta is an important factor in the cardiovascular risk assessment. We investigated abdominal aortic wall stiffness divided in direct and cross-coupled stiffness components with respect to sex and age.

Methods
Thirty healthy adult males (n = 15) and females were recruited and divided into three age groups: young, middle aged and elderly. Pulsatile diameter changes were determined noninvasively by an echo-tracking system, and intra-aortic pressure was measured simultaneously. A mechanical model was used to compute stress and stiffness in circumferential and longitudinal directions.

Results
Circumferential stretch had a higher impact on longitudinal wall stress than longitudinal stretch had on circumferential wall stress. Furthermore, there were an age-related and sex-independent increase in circumferential and longitudinal direct and cross-coupled stiffnesses and a decrease in circumferential and longitudinal stretch of the abdominal aortic wall. For the young group, females had a stiffer wall compared to males, while the male aortic wall grew stiffer with age at a higher rate, reaching a similar level to that of the females in the elderly group.

Conclusion
Temporal changes in aortic stiffness suggest an age-related change in wall constituents that is expressed in terms of circumferential remodeling impacting longitudinal stress. These mechanisms may be active in the development of aortic tortuosity. We observed an age-dependent increase in circumferential and longitudinal stiffnesses as well as decrease in stretch. A possible mechanism related to the observed changes could act via chemical alterations of wall constituents and changes in the physical distribution of fibers. Furthermore, modeling of force distribution in the wall of the human abdominal aorta may contribute to a better understanding of elastin–collagen interactions during remodeling of the aortic wall.
Adaptive Parameter Tuning for Constructing Storage Tiers in an Autonomous Distributed Storage System
Authors: Nunome Atsushi , Hirata Hiroaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe are developing an autonomous distributed storage system to make effective use of networked heterogeneous storage devices. It dynamically configures the storage tiers using effective performance values measured during operation, rather than static performance indicators of the storage device. Data blocks are transferred to a more appropriate storage tier according to their read/write tendencies. In the previous paper, the storage tiers were set using statically defined thresholds, but in this paper, we propose a method to set the thresholds adaptively. This method eliminates the need to adjust the runtime parameters for threshold setting according to the runtime environment. It has also been improved so that appropriate parameter values can be set for individual storage, rather than applying a single parameter value to the entire system. In the previous system, the administrator had to readjust the parameter values periodically to match the usage status of the storage device and the behavior of the process. However, in the proposed method, the parameter values are fine-tuned during operation to reduce the workload of the administrator. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the execution time by up to about 30% compared to the previous method with optimum parameters configured statically.
Signatures of geography, climate and foliage on given names of baby girls
Authors: Huey Raymond B. , Miles Donald B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Parents often weigh social, familial and cultural considerations when choosing their baby's name, but the name they choose could potentially be influenced by their physical or biotic environments. Here we examine whether the popularity of month and season names of girls covary geographically with environmental variables. In the continental USA, April, May and June (Autumn, Summer) are the most common month (season) names: April predominates in southern states (early springs), whereas June predominates in northern states (later springs). Whether April's popularity has increased with recent climate warming is ambiguous. Autumn is most popular in northern states, where autumn foliage is notably colourful, and in eastern states having high coverage of deciduous foliage. On a continental scale, Autumn was most popular in English-speaking countries with intense colouration of autumn foliage. These analyses are descriptive but indicate that climate and vegetation sometimes influence parental choice of their baby's name.
Exploring market-based wildlife trade dynamics in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Nasir , Islam Ariful , Akhter Tania , Ara Tasnim , Hossain Delower , Fullstone Craig , Enoch Sam , Hughes Alice C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWildlife markets are hotspots for illegal wildlife trade, with traders operating as a result of weak monitoring and law enforcement. Knowledge of species traded, sources, and routes used for transport is needed to identify illegal wildlife trade markets and intervene to stem trade. We conducted surveys in 13 wildlife markets across Bangladesh every month during January-December 2019 to assess the abundance and diversity of wildlife taxa traded and the factors driving this trade. Passeriformes, Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, Artiodactyla, Carnivora and Testudines were the most traded orders. Wildlife markets were also centres of trade for high-value species, including the tigerPanthera tigris, crocodileCrocodylus porosusand tortoises. In hill markets and peri-urban markets the most commonly sold species originated from nearby forests, whereas urban markets included both native species and exotic species sourced internationally. Market type, road links to the market, the presence of law enforcement agencies, proximity to a port and form of sale (live animals or byproducts) all significantly influenced what is being traded. Trade of mammals, reptiles, high-value wildlife species and threatened species was less common in markets proximal to law enforcement agencies. Markets close to seaports or airports were more likely to sell mammals, threatened species and high-value wildlife. Based on our results, we recommend a set of interventions to help reduce market-based wildlife trade in Bangladesh.
Rediscovery of the Critically Endangered Primula esquirolii, a karst cave species with an extremely small population endemic to China
Authors: Wu Zhikun , Wu Yuan , Zhang Na 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rare plant Primula esquirolii, a karst cave species in the family Primulaceae, endemic to Guizhou, China, and with a presumed extremely small population, had not previously been observed since 1910. It is categorized as Endangered on the China Species Red List. In surveys during 2018–2022, we were unable to locate the species in its type location in Pingba county, but we discovered a previously unrecorded population of 44 mature individuals, 37 of which were long homostylous and seven of which were heterostylous. These individuals were discovered in Xiuwen county in February 2022, in an area of c. 50 m2, c. 40 km from the type location. All seven heterostylous individuals showed the short-styled morph. The almost homostylous P. esquirolii potentially faces the same high genetic load as other homostylous plants, and this may have led to its small population size and potential sensitivity to habitat destruction. Field surveys and informal interviews with local people indicated that the main threats to this species are its small population size and the loss of suitable habitat as a result of human activities. The most urgent requirement for the conservation of this species is to protect the habitat of this single known extant population and to carry out ex situ conservation. Further field surveys and research are also required to improve our understanding of the status of this species.
Swarm A and C Accelerometers: Data Validation and Scientific Interpretation
Authors: Iorfida Elisabetta , Daras Ilias , Haagmans Roger , Strømme Anja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fourth European Space Agency Earth Explorer (Swarm) was launched in 2013 and it comprises a constellation of three identical satellites. The primary mission objective is analyzing and modeling the geomagnetic field and its temporal evolution, based on the measurements of a vector and a scalar magnetometer on board. Each spacecraft (A, B, and C) carries an accelerometer, supposed to measure the non‐gravitational forces. However, this instrument did not work as expected; the processing of the related data sets has a significant latency. The focus was primarily on Swarm C, because its signal‐to‐noise ratio is the best amongst the three spacecrafts. For this satellite, the data are available for the whole mission timeline. At the end of 2021, a batch of Swarm A accelerometer data set was disseminated. Swarm A and C have flown side‐by‐side for most of the mission and, therefore, their measurements are supposed to be nearly identical after calibration. The work presented in this paper shows that such a correspondence occurs: at high frequency similar signatures are visible in both accelerometer data sets, near the equator and the poles. These features agree with measurements of other instruments on board and with earlier findings based on CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data. The equatorial structures show a correlation between the equatorial mass anomaly and the equatorial ionization anomaly. At the poles, the data are related to the polar cap index and to field‐aligned‐currents enhancements measured by the magnetometers on board. This research shows, for the first time, scientific results obtained from the Swarm accelerometers.
Achieving Brazil's Deforestation Target Will Reduce Fire and Deliver Air Quality and Public Health Benefits
Authors: Butt Edward W. , Conibear Luke , Smith Callum , Baker Jessica C. A. , Rigby Richard , Knote Christoph , Spracklen Dominick V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate, deforestation, and forest fires are closely coupled in the Amazon, but models of fire that include these interactions are lacking. We trained machine learning models on temperature, rainfall, deforestation, land‐use, and fire data to show that spatial and temporal patterns of fire in the Amazon are strongly modified by deforestation. We find that fire count across the Brazilian Amazon increases by 0.44 percentage points for each percentage point increase in deforestation rate. We used the model to predict that the increased deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon from 2013 to 2020 caused a 42% increase in fire counts in 2020. We predict that if Brazil had achieved the deforestation target under the National Policy on Climate Change, there would have been 32% fewer fire counts across the Brazilian Amazon in 2020. Using a regional chemistry‐climate model and exposure‐response associations, we estimate that the improved air quality due to reduced smoke emission under this scenario would have resulted in 2,300 fewer deaths due to reduced exposure to fine particulate matter. Our analysis demonstrates the air quality and public health benefits that would accrue from reducing deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
Thermo‐Hydro‐Chemical Simulation of Mid‐Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems: Static 2D Models and Effects of Paleo‐Seawater Chemistry
Authors: DePaolo Donald J. , Sonnenthal Eric L. , Pester Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDecades of research have resulted in characterization of the ocean floor manifestations of mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal systems, yet numerical models accounting for the connections between heat transfer, hydrology and geochemistry have been slow to develop. The Thermo‐hydro‐chemical code ToughReact can be used to describe the coupled effects of fluid flow, heat transfer, and fluid‐rock chemical interactions that occur in MOR systems. We describe the results of 2‐dimensional simulations of steady state flow in fractured diabase with mineral‐fluid chemical reactions. Basal heating and specified permeability yield maximum temperature of 400°C. Total fluid flux and high fracture flow velocities are in accord with observations. Fluid chemistry, mineralogical changes and 87Sr/86Sr ratios can be compared to observations to assess and calibrate models. Simulated high temperature fracture fluids have Mg and SO4 near zero, elevated Ca and 87Sr/86Sr of about 0.7040. Total alteration is 10%–50% for simple models of spreading. Anhydrite forms mainly near the base of the upwelling zone and results in substantial local fracture porosity reduction. A calibrated model is used to predict how Sr isotopes and other features of altered oceanic crust would be different in the Cretaceous (95 Ma) early Proterozoic (1,800 Ma) and Archean (3,800 Ma), when seawater may have had high Ca and Sr concentrations, lower pH, higher temperature, and lower Na, Mg, and SO4. The simulations are offered as a start on what ultimately may require a longer‐term community effort to better understand the role of MOR thermo‐hydro‐chemical systems in Earth evolution.
When a Dust Storm Is Not a Dust Storm: Reliability of Dust Records From the Storm Events Database and Implications for Geohealth Applications
Authors: Ardon‐Dryer K. , Gill T. E. , Tong D. Q. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWindblown dust impacts human health, air quality, and climate. The National Weather Service Storm Events Database (SED) is a widely used dataset of significant or unusual weather, including dust storms (DS), and resulting deaths, injuries, and material losses in the USA. The SED is frequently used by medical, social, and atmospheric scientists. However, it is uncertain whether this dataset reliably represents spatial and temporal variations and trends of DS. Analyzing the SED from 2000 to 2020 identified 1,167 DS reports; removing reports of the same event from multiple locations left 647 DS in 21 USA states. The number of DS ranged from 12 in 2008 to 53 in 2018, with no strong interannual trends detected (R2was 0.3). By examining the DS events reported in the SED based on meteorological observations including wind speed, visibility, and weather codes, we determined that the SED was not only missing many DS (visibility <1 km), but also included many blowing dust (BLDU) events. 49.9% of 491 reported DS events in SED had visibility >1 km and were incorrectly reported as DS. Underrepresentation of DS and inclusion of BLDU may be partially due to the diverse sources contributing to the SED and a lack of verification of the reports and their consistency. Although the SED is an extremely useful and valuable database of impactful weather, including DS, the issues found in this study warrant caution in use of this dataset for many geohealth applications.
Behavior of Hydrogarnet‐Type Defects in Hydrous Stishovite at Various Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Palfey William R. , Rossman George R. , Goddard William A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDense polymorphs of silica have been demonstrated experimentally to incorporate from 1.5 wt% to as much as 11.6 wt% H2O as OH groups, with implications for the hydrogen budgets of Earth and other planets. This OH is thought to enter the SiO2 structure via a charge‐balanced substitution in which silicon vacancies (VSi) are compensated by protonating four of the surrounding six oxygen atoms, often referred to as a hydrogarnet‐type defect. There are many possible configurations for this defect structure in dense silica, but the nature of these configurations and whether they can be distinguished experimentally is unknown. We present here density functional theory calculations that systematically assess the possible configurations of a hydrogarnet‐type defect in stishovite (rutile‐type SiO2), with direct comparisons to experimental vibrational spectroscopy data. We predict that stishovite synthesized at 450 K and 10 GPa quenched to room temperature is dominated by a single defect type with tetrahedral geometry. This leads to OH stretching modes (2,500–3,000 cm−1) and SiOH bending modes (∼1,400–1,450 cm−1) largely consistent with experimentally observed modes. One remaining issue is that our calculations produce results compatible with experimental data on H to D exchange, but do not explain why a considerable fraction of the 1,420 cm−1 mode shifts by only 40 cm−1 in deuterated samples. At elevated pressures and temperatures, we find that a second square planar defect configuration also becomes favorable, leading to modes that should allow differentiation from the tetrahedral configuration.
Reply to Comment by I. van Zelst on “Estimates on the Frequency of Volcanic Eruptions on Venus”
Authors: Byrne Paul K. , Krishnamoorthy Siddharth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn their 2022 study, Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007040) extrapolated to Venus the most comprehensive record of eruptions on Earth, to estimate the frequency of volcanic events on the second planet. The approach underlying this extrapolation is necessarily based on assumptions for which there is little supporting evidence; moreover, the eruptive record on Earth is far from complete because, for example, submarine events are considerably undercounted. Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007040) discussed at length the limitations of their study, cautioning that their estimates on the frequency of volcanic eruptions on Venus are simply that—estimates, albeit amenable to testing by future missions to the planet. The comment by van Zelst on the Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007040) study identified a calculation error in one specific scenario considered in that earlier study. The other points raised in the van Zelst comment are either consistent with the range of uncertainties discussed in, or focus on topics that have no bearing on, the Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007040) study. The scientific conclusions of the Byrne and Krishnamoorthy study remain unchanged.
Delineating the dynamic evolution from preneoplasia to invasive lung adenocarcinoma by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Fan Yue , Xiong Yanlu , Wang Wenchen , Chen Jiakuan , Xia Yanmin , Lei Jie , Gong Li , Sun Shiquan , Jiang Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cell ecology and spatial niche implicated in the dynamic and sequential process of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and subsequent invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) have not yet been elucidated. Here, we performed an integrative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to characterize the cell atlas of the invasion trajectory of LUAD. We found that the UBE2C + cancer cell subpopulation constantly increased during the invasive process of LUAD with remarkable elevation in IAC, and its spatial distribution was in the peripheral cancer region of the IAC, representing a more malignant phenotype. Furthermore, analysis of the TME cell type subpopulation showed a constant decrease in mast cells, monocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells, which were implicated in the whole process of invasive LUAD, accompanied by an increase in NK cells and MALT B cells from AIS to MIA and an increase in Tregs and secretory B cells from MIA to IAC. Notably, for AIS, cancer cells, NK cells, and mast cells were colocalized in the cancer region; however, for IAC, Tregs colocalized with cancer cells. Finally, communication and interaction between cancer cells and TME cell-induced constitutive activation of TGF-β signaling were involved in the invasion of IAC. Therefore, our results reveal the specific cellular information and spatial architecture of cancer cells and TME subpopulations, as well as the cellular interaction between them, which will facilitate the identification and development of precision medicine in the invasive process of LUAD from AIS to IAC.
Rapid, noncontact, sensitive, and semiquantitative characterization of buffered hydrogen-fluoride-treated silicon wafer surfaces by terahertz emission spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Dongxun , Mannan Abdul , Murakami Fumikazu , Tonouchi Masayoshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdvances in modern semiconductor integrated circuits have always demanded faster and more sensitive analytical methods on a large-scale wafer. The surface of wafers is fundamentally essential to start building circuits, and quantitative measures of the surface potential, defects, contamination, passivation quality, and uniformity are subject to inspection. The present study provides a new approach to access those by means of terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Upon femtosecond laser illumination, THz radiation, which is sensitive to the surface electric fields of the wafer, is generated. Here, we systematically research the THz emission properties of silicon surfaces under different surface conditions, such as the initial surface with a native oxide layer, a fluorine-terminated surface, and a hydrogen-terminated surface. Meanwhile, a strong doping concentration dependence of the THz emission amplitude from the silicon surface has been revealed in different surface conditions, which implies a semiquantitative connection between the THz emission and the surface band bending with the surface dipoles. Laser-induced THz emission spectroscopy is a promising method for evaluating local surface properties on a wafer scale.