bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabonomics analysis of Iron shell wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King) reveals mechanisms of resistance against powdery mildew
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Huang Tingzhi , Wang Qianchao , Guo Yirui , Li Li , Liu Junna , Zhang Ping , Xie Heng , Zhang Chuanli , Qin Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew (Bgt), a fungal seeding disease, is a threat to wheat agriculture worldwide. In this study, Iron shell wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King) was used as the research material. Extensive targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the leaves of the susceptible strain Iron shell wheat 1 (DiKe 1) and the normal resistant strain Zhenkang Iron shell wheat (Yunmai 0030); further, the dynamic physiological changes in metabolite levels between the two strains were assessed. Significant differences were identified in tryptophan and pyrimidine metabolism as well as isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. The main metabolites were phenolic acids, flavonoid carboglycosides, indole alkaloids, phenolic amines, amino acids, and their derivatives. The defense response to powdery mildew in the Iron shell wheat was dominated by tryptophan metabolism. The importance of L-dopa and Tyramine in powdery mildew resistance provides new insights into the relevant mechanisms and can help identify antigens for use in the breeding of powdery-mildew-resistant wheat varieties.
Digital microlearning for training and competency development of elderly care personnel: a mixed-methods implementation study to assess needs, effectiveness, and areas of application
Authors: Richardson Matt X. , Aytar Osman , Hess-Wiktor Katarzyna , Wamala-Andersson Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Elderly care organisations face challenges today due to high personnel turnover and pandemic-related obstacles in conducting training and competence development programs in a time-sensitive and fit-for-purpose manner. Digital microlearning is a method that attempts to meet these challenges by more quickly adapting to the educational needs of organisations and individual employees in terms of time, place, urgency, and retention capacity, than more traditional competency development methods. Methods: This study assessed the use of a digital microlearning application which was at the testing stage in the design thinking model among managerial (N=4) and operational (N=22) employees within three elderly care organisations. The app was used to conduct pre-determined competency development courses for the staff. Baseline measurements included participants´ previous training and competency development methods and participation, as well as perceived needs in terms of time, design, and channel. They then were introduced to and used a digital microlearning application to conduct two courses on one or more digital devices, schedules, and locations of their own choice during a period ~1 month. The digital application and course content, perceived knowledge retention and work performance and satisfaction were individually assessed via survey upon completion. The survey was complemented with four semi-structured focus group interviews which allowed participants (in total 16 individuals; 6 managerial-administrative employees and 10 operational employees) to describe their experiences with the application and its potential usefulness within their organisations. Results: The proposed advantages of the digital microlearning application were largely confirmed by the participants’ perceptions, particularly regarding ease of use and accessibility, and efficiency and timeliness of knowledge delivery. Assessments were more positive among younger or less experienced employees with more diverse backgrounds. Participants expressed a positive inclination towards using the application, and suggestions provided regarding its potential development and broader use suggested a positive view of digitalization in general. Conclusions: Our results show that application-based digital microlearning appears to be an appropriate new method for providing such development within the elderly care setting. Its implementation in a larger sample can potentially provide more detailed insights regarding its intended effects.
The Role of Time Interval Elimination on Pain Control of Preterm Infants by Sucrose Administration
Authors: Yaprak Deniz , Karagöl Belma Saygılı , Bozat Ali Dinç , Kar İrem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose. It has been demonstrated clearly that sucrose solutions given before a minor painful procedure can reduce pain among newborns. But, there is no fully accepted conclusions about the time scheduling of sucrose administration prior to heel lance. In few sudies, various time intervals between sucrose intake and heel lance procedure has been proposed. The aim of this study was to obtain deeper knowledge of the underlying mechanism by investigating whether a different initiation of heel lance in terms of timing would reduce the effect of orally administered sucrose at heel lance among preterm newborns. Methods. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind trial with a validated, neonatal, pain-scoring scale in Gülhane Medical School Hospital in Ankara, Turkey between March 2019 and January 2021. The trial included 69 preterm newborns undergoing heel lance, who were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups, ie, group I, with the 2-minute-time interval of per oral 24% sucrose given prior to heel lance or group II, without a time interval of per oral sucrose given prior to heel lance. Pain-related behaviour during blood sampling was measured with the Premature Infants Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R). Crying incidence, time and heart rate were also recorded. Results. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in PIPP-R scores during heel lance. The median crying time during 1 minutes was 6.5 seconds (range: 1–13 seconds) for the 2-minute-time interval group and 4.5 seconds (range: 1–18 seconds) for the without a time interval group. There was no significant difference in the heart rate between the 2 groups. Conclusion. Eliminating of the time interval did not decrease the analgesic effect of orally administered 24% sucrose given prior to heel lance.
Clinical application of Improved VSD and VSD in the treatment of SSI after abdominal surgery
Authors: Huang Tao , Liu Tong , Shang Mei , Shang An , Han Gang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
AimTo explore the feasibility of clinical application and promotion of Improved vacuum sealing drainage devices by comparing the efficacy and cost of Improved vacuum sealing drainage devices and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) devices in the treatment of postoperative abdominal surgical site infection.Methods from October 2019 to December 2021, we retrospectively analyzed 55 patients with surgical site infection after abdominal surgery in our hospital, including 30 patients treated with improved VSD and 25 patients treated with VSD. Wound healing efficacy, total dressing change cost during treatment, total hospitalization cost, hospital days, and bacteria culture results of wound secretions before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. ResultsWound healing was achieved in both groups after vacuum sealing drainage treatment, and there was no significant difference in wound healing time and secondary suture rate (P > 0.05), but the hospitalization cost and dressing change cost of the Improved VSD group were significantly lower than those of VSD, with significant difference (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe efficacy of simple VSD in the treatment of surgical site infection after abdominal surgery is similar to that of VSD. Compared with VSD, the total dressing change cost and hospitalization cost of improved VSD device in the treatment process are lower. Improved VSD has a wider application scope and is suitable for clinical application and promotion.
Long-COVID in immunocompromised children
Authors: Kuczborska Karolina , Buda Piotr , Książyk Janusz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to an illness characterized by persistent symptoms which affect various organs and systems, known as long-COVID. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of long-COVID in children with immunodeficiency, in comparison to those without.MethodsA self-constructed questionnaire was created, which included questions regarding the child's general health, the course of their COVID-19, their symptoms of long-COVID and its impact on their daily functioning, the diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), and vaccination status. The questionnaire was completed by parents of 147 children - 70 children with a diagnosis of immunodeficiency (47.6 %) and 77 who were immunocompetent (52.4 %).ResultsImmunocompetent children were more significantly affected by long-COVID than those immunocompromised. Its prevalence in the first 12 weeks post-infection was 60.0 % and 35.7 % in these groups, respectively. Beyond this period, these percentages had dropped to 34.6 % and 11.43 %, respectively. Children who were immunocompetent suffered more often from fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance and difficulty concentrating. Meanwhile, there was a slight increase in complaints of gastrointestinal symptoms in immunocompromised patients. The risk of developing long-COVID increased with age and COVID-19 severity in both groups. Furthermore, the daily activities of immunocompetent children were limited more frequently (41.8 %) than for those who were immunocompromised (25 %).ConclusionsAlthough immunocompromised children experienced long-COVID, its prevalence and impact on daily functioning were significantly lower than among immunocompetent children. However, as the pathomechanisms of long-COVID are not yet fully understood, it is not currently possible to fully explain these findings.
Do state-owned enterprises really have better environmental performance in China? Environmental regulation and corporate environmental strategies
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Mengdi , Zhang Bing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have long been criticized for being inefficient compared to their counterparts, they play a vital role in realizing social welfare including the improvement of environmental quality. With governments as their controlling shareholders, the motivations and strategies of SOEs to improve their corporate environmental performance can be very distinct from their privately-owned counterparts. In this article, we propose that a unique strategy that SOEs take in improving their environmental performance is high responsiveness to the government’s goal. Using a unique and detailed firm-level dataset, we find that SOEs perform better for the pollutant assessed by government targets while they perform similarly for the unregulated pollutant compared with their privately-owned counterparts, which indicates that they are more responsive and accountable to achieve policy requirements. Using privatization as an external shock, we find that SOEs worsen their environmental performance with mandatory targets after the privatization, which is consistent with the main results. With the privatization of SOEs worldwide, determining how to avoid the negative effects of privatization as well as to motivate for-profit enterprises to improve corporate environmental performance is the key to achieving a win-win.
Aoguangibacterium sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a noval denitrifying and carbon-fixing bacterium isolated from marine sediment
Authors: Yu Zi-Liang , Du Zong-Jun , Mu Da-Shuai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, red colony, mesophilic, and slightly halotolerant bacteria with carbon fixation and denitrification, designated strain D16T, was separated from intertidal surface sediments from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, China. The strain was able to grow at 10–43°C, pH 5.5–9.5 and in 0–5% (w/v) NaCl. Optimum growth conditions of the strain were at pH 7.0, 30–33°C and 1% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant respiratory quinone, major fatty acids and polar lipids of the strain were (MK-6), (iso-C15:0, 32.0%, C16:0, 10.5%) and (DPG、PE、AGL、 GL、 AL、PGS), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes indicated that strain D16T was the closest to genera Eudoraea, Poritiphilus, Muriicola, Robiginitalea and Zeaxanthinibacter, sharing 92–93% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the representative of these genera. The draft genome of strain D16T composed 3,225,638 bp, and the G + C content was 42.8 mol %. The ANI, dDDH, AAI values of strain D16T compared to similar genera ranged from 67.3 to 70.2%, 16.2 to 19.1% and 68.3 to 70.1%, respectively, below the threshold for recommended species division of ANI 95–96%, dDDH 70% and AAI 95%. Furthermore, POCP values between strain D16T and similar genera were less than 50.0%, consistent with the description of a new genus. Based on the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic analyses and comparative analysis of metabolic pathway, environmental distribution and characterization between in strain D16T and other relative genera of family Flavobacteriaceae, it is concluded that strain D16T represents a novel species of a noval genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Aoguangibacterium sediminis gen.nov., sp. is proposed. The type strain is D16T (= MCCC 1H00463T = KCTC 82746T).
Zinc Nanoparticles Induced Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity and Apoptosis in Haemocytes of Bombyx mori Larvae
Authors: Belal Rania , Gad Abir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanotechnology. Thus, the increased production of nanoparticles (NPs) increases the potential risks to the environment and occupationally exposed humans. Hence, safety toxicity assessment including genotoxicity of these NPs is indispensable. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxic effect of ZnO-NPs on 5th larval instar of Bombyx mori after feeding on mulberry leaves treated with ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 and 100μg/ml. Moreover, evaluated its effects on total and different haemocyte count, antioxidant potential and catalase activity on the haemolymph of treated larvae. Results showed that ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 µg/l and100 µg/ml significantly decreased the total haemocyte count (THC) and different haemocyte count (DHC) except the number of Oenocyte it significantly increased. Gene expression profile also showed up-regulation of GST, CNDP2 and CE genes suggesting increase in antioxidant activity and alteration in cell viability as well as cell signaling.
GeV emission from a compact binary merger
Authors: Mei Alessio , Banerjee Biswajit , Oganesyan Gor , Salafia Om Sharan , Giarratana Stefano , Branchesi Marica , D'Avanzo Paolo , Campana Sergio , Ghirlanda Giancarlo , Ronchini Samuele , Shukla Amit , Tiwari Pawan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An energetic γ-ray burst (GRB), GRB 211211A, was observed on 2021 December 11 by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Despite its long duration, typically associated with bursts produced by the collapse of massive stars, the discovery of an optical-infrared kilonova and a quasiperiodic oscillation during a gamma-ray precursor points to a compact object binary merger origin. The complete understanding of this nearby 1 Springer Nature 2021 LATEX template 2 GeV emission from a compact binary merger (∼ 1 billion light-years) burst will significantly impact our knowledge of GRB progenitors and the physical processes that lead to electromagnetic emission in compact binary mergers. Here, we report the discovery of a significant (> 5σ) transient-like emission in the highenergy γ-rays (HE; E> 0.1 GeV) observed by Fermi/LAT starting at 103 s after the burst. After an initial phase with a roughly constant flux (∼ 5 × 10−10 erg s−1 cm−2 ) lasting ∼ 2 × 104 s, the flux started decreasing and soon went undetected. The multi-wavelength ‘afterglow’ emission observed at such late times is usually in good agreement with synchrotron emission from a relativistic shock wave that arises as the GRB jet decelerates in the interstellar medium. However, our detailed modelling of a rich dataset comprising public and dedicated multiwavelength observations demonstrates that GeV emission from GRB 211211A is in excess with respect to the expectation of this scenario. We explore the possibility that the GeV excess is inverse Compton emission due to the interaction of a long-lived, low-power jet with an external source of photons. We discover that the kilonova emission can provide the necessary seed photons for GeV emission in binary neutron star mergers.
What can be impact of civil authorities faulty mortality registration on COVID-19 mortality count in the state of Bihar, India- Evidence from NFHS-5
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Several local / global / national / international agencies have been estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mortality count in different regions. On 30 January 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Death toll was only 171 on 30-01-2020 and by 31 -12- 2020, this figure increased to 1 813 188. The estimates of global deaths attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 as published by WHO is at least 3 million, which is 1.2 million more than officially reported. Objective of this research study is to find out number of deaths in the household in the three years preceding the survey registered with the civil authorities’ with another objective of this research study is to estimate the excess mortality due to COVID-19 in a simple way to be understood by most of the readers. The total sample size was 35,834 households, 42,483 women of age 15–49 (including 6,350 women interviewed in PSUs in the state module), and 4,897 men of age 15–54 for the state of Bihar. This sample size was based on the size needed to produce reliable indicator estimates for each district. Household questionnaire regarding number of deaths in the household in the three years preceding the survey were collected and utilized to produce information in 19 languages using CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing). This cross sectional survey study revealed that only 37.1 percent of deaths of households members due to any cause were registered with the civil authorities in the three years preceding the survey, of which 28 percent of deaths are at age 0–4, 45 percent of deaths occurred at age 25–34, and 41 percent of deaths occurred at age 35 and above (see table-1 and 2 for more details).
Assessment of need of orthodontic treatment in south Bhopal population, India using Dental Health Component and Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs for providing better local health services to the population with an impact
Authors: Khan Firoz 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT:
Aims & Objectives:
Aim of the present study is to identify the most common types of malocclusion present in the area and categories the malocclusion according to severity and priority using IOTN as a reliable tool to provide better local health services.
Materials and Methods:
Clinical examination of 500 subjects in natural light was done and intra oral photos of 500 subjects were taken. Assessment of orthodontic treatment needs for improving local health services using IOTN as a reliable epidemiological tool in subjects between 13 to 25 years of age group (13- 18 age group 240 subjects and 18-25 age group 260 subjects) to prioritize and standardize orthodontic treatment and needs. Out of these 279 are males and 221 are females. The study consists of a survey using indices of orthodontic treatment and needs (IOTN) with DHC and AC. DHC and AC were recorded separately, and were calculated only by using clinical examination and intra oral photography compared to the standard chart of IOTN.
Result:
The DHC results in subjects were found to be distributed as follows 70 subjects in no need 228 subjects in little need, 97 subject in moderate or borderline needs, 56 subjects in severe needs, and 49 subjects in category of very severe needs for treatment
Conclusion:
Our study reported that more than 40% of individual in the need category which might have if remained undiagnosed or not facilitated by the orthodontic treatment .This study provides a data on the need of orthodontic treatment in the chosen sample of south Bhopal population, INDIA for improving local health services to the population with an impact .Also we concluded that IOTN is simple, less time consuming and highly reproducible.
Statistics used; CHI SQUARE TEST
Keywords:
Index of orthodontic treatment needs, orthodontic treatment need, aesthetic component, dental health component, epidemiological tool.
Source of Support: Financial support nil.
Conflict of interest: There are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical clearance: Yes
Inclination of Occlusal Plane and its Impact on Smile Esthetic : A Case Report
Authors: Prateek Prateek bhushan 
Published: May 2022

Improving facial esthetics is one of the primary goal of orthodontics and several factors have been proposed to achieve this goal. Instead of focussing only on achieving perfect occlusion or ideal cephalometric values emphasis should be laid onto achieve frontal smile esthetics and study various factors that affect it. This case report determines the influence of the inclination of occlusal plane(IOP) on smile attractiveness and shows how by modifying the IOP we could achieving better facial esthetics or smile to be precise. Hence, this concept of IOP should be kept in mind while doing treatment planning and should be modified according to treatment needs.
Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes and The Impact of Exercise: from mitochondria to glucose management in skeletal muscle
Authors: Santos Julia Matzembacher dos , Heck Thiago Gomes 
Published: May 2022

Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and/or a decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress can be marked by deleterious effects on DNA, proteins, and lipids structure, changing cell homeostasis, and contributing to the development of metabolic diseases as type two diabetes (T2D), characterized mainly by insulin resistance in several tissues, as skeletal muscle. The T2D development and its complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as pro-inflammatory state and metabolic unbalance. Acute exercise represents a necessary type of challenge to whole-body homeostasis. Therefore, regular exercise (sum of acute exercise challenges) promotes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic adaptations induced by each stress induced by the exercise session, evoking a hormesis effect (from mitochondria to many tissues) that is beneficial for T2D prevention and treatment. Despite of a considerable research information in the field, the characterization of the sources and pathways of ROS generation in T2D and during exercise still a matter for investigation. Therefore, the multifaceted effects of oxidative stress in T2D and the link of exercise in T2D are discussed in this review.