bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-line sample concentration in capillary electrophoresis by cyclodextrin to admicelle microextraction
Authors: Vaas Andaravaas Patabadige Jude P. , Yu Raymond B. , Quirino Joselito P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) as a pseudophase in pseudophase-to-pseudophase microextraction (P2ME) in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are proposed. In this P2ME mode called CD to admicelle ME, a long plug of dilute analyte solution prepared in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the critical micellar concentration was injected into the capillary. This formed CTAB admicelles at the interface between the solution and the negatively charged capillary surface, where the analytes were trapped. The injection of CD solution released the admicelles and the analytes from the capillary surface due to the formation of stable CD/CTAB inclusion complexes. The analytes are concentrated at the CD front during injection and voltage separation. Various neutral CDs were found to be effective for CD to admicelle ME. To implement this in-line sample concentration technique in CZE, CD concentration, sample injection time, and sample:CD solution injection ratio were optimized. The optimized conditions for five model anionic analytes, namely, 4-bromophenol, sulindac, sulfamethizole, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and succinylsulfathiazole, were 20 mM α-CD in 20 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.2) solution, sample injection time of 370 s, and CD:sample injection ratio of 1:2. The sensitivity enhancement factors (SEFs) were between 112 and 168. The SEFs of sulindac and sulfamethizole in particular were similar to previously published off-line microextraction techniques, which are typically time-consuming. The calculated values of LOQ, intra-/inter-day (n = 6/n = 10, 3 days) repeatability, and linearity (R2) of CD to admicelle ME were 0.0125–0.05 µg/mL, 1.5–4.6%, 1.8–4.8%, and ≥0.999, respectively. Finally, the potential of CD to admicelle ME to the analysis of artificial urine samples was demonstrated.
Diagnostic value of water-fat-separated images and CT-like susceptibility-weighted images extracted from a single ultrashort echo time sequence for the evaluation of vertebral fractures and degenerative changes of the spine
Authors: Feuerriegel Georg C. , Kronthaler Sophia , Boehm Christof , Renz Martin , Leonhardt Yannik , Gassert Florian , Foreman Sarah C. , Weiss Kilian , Wurm Markus , Liebig Thomas , Makowski Marcus R. , Schwaiger Benedikt J. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Gersing Alexandra S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the performance of single-echo Dixon water-fat imaging and computed tomography (CT)–like imaging based on a single ultrashort echo time (sUTE) MR sequence for imaging of vertebral fractures as well as degenerative bone changes of the spine in comparison to conventional CT and MR sequences.

Methods
Thirty patients with suspected acute vertebral fractures were examined using a 3-T MRI, including an sUTE sequence as well as short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T1-weighted sequences. During postprocessing, water-fat separation was performed by solving the smoothness-constrained inverse water-fat problem based on a single-complex UTE image. By removing the unwanted low-frequency phase terms, additional MR-based susceptibility-weighted-like (SW-like) images with CT-like contrast were created. Two radiologists evaluated semi-quantitative and quantitative features of fractures and degenerative changes independently and separately on CT and MR images.

Results
In total, all 58 fractures were accurately detected of whom 24 were correctly classified as acute fractures with an edema detected on the water-fat-separated UTE images, using STIR and T1w sequences as standard of reference. For the morphological assessment of fractures and degenerative changes, the overall agreement between SW-like images and CT was substantial to excellent (e.g., Genant: κ 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.54–1.00); AO/Magerl: κ 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.43–1.00)). Overall inter-reader agreement for water-fat-separated UTE images and SW-like images was substantial to almost perfect.

Conclusion
Detection and assessment of vertebral fractures and degenerative bone changes of the spine were feasible and accurate using water-fat-separated images as well as SW-like images, both derived from the same sUTE-Dixon sequence.

Key Points
• The detection of acute vertebral fractures was feasible using water-fat-separated images and CT-like images reconstructed from one sUTE sequence.
• Assessment of the vertebral fractures using SW-like images with CT-like contrast was found to be comparable to conventional CT.
• sUTE imaging of the spine can help reduce examination times and radiation exposure.
Peritumoral abnormalities on dynamic-enhanced CT after brachytherapy for hepatic malignancies: local progression or benign changes?
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Jiao Dechao , Peng Sheng , Chen Xi , Zhang Yanling , Lin Letao , Zhong Zhihui , Li Yong , Xu Kaihao , Zhang Fujun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To determine if dynamic CT can differentiate local progression from radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction (RSIPR) after brachytherapy with iodine-125 radioactive seeds (BIRS) for advanced hepatic malignancies.

Methods
Enhanced CT images of seed-implanted lesions between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Hounsfield units of peritumoral parenchyma were measured and assessed quantitatively. The classification, conversion, consequences, and serological indicators during follow-up were recorded and quantified. Statistical differences were analyzed using a Pearson χ2 test.

Results
RSIPR was observed in 201 of 290 (69.3%) lesions (161 patients; median age, 55 years; range, 26–79 years), while local progression occurred in 53 lesions. The low density of local progression was much lower than that of RSIPR (p < 0.001), and the former did not exhibit iso-/high density in the portal or equilibrium phase. Ring-like enhancement in progressive lesions was also quite different from RSIPR. Local progression rate was lower for lesions with RSIPR than for those without RSIPR (14.9% vs 25.8%; p = 0.03), and their doses were different (397.2 Gy vs 120.3 Gy, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction has characteristic manifestations on CT images, which is associated with a higher dose of lesions and lower local progression rate. Notably, the enhancement pattern of local progression was distinct from RSIPR and was clearly distinguishable on dynamic-enhanced CT.

Key Points
• Radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction after brachytherapy with125I seeds for liver malignancies has characteristic manifestations on CT images, which is associated with a higher dose of lesions (397.2 Gy vs 120.3 Gy, p < 0.001), as a focal radiation injury.
• Lesions with RSIPR were less likely to develop local progression, while those without RSIPR had a higher rate of local progression (14.9% vs 25.8%; p = 0.03).
• The enhancement pattern of local progression after brachytherapy was distinct from radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction and was clearly distinguishable on dynamic-enhanced CT.
Mixture design applied to the rheology of clay gel mixtures
Authors: Boulet Camille C. S. , Brown Alan , Formstone Carl , Aarts Dirk G. A. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe used mixture design to predict rheological parameters, namely the storage and loss modulus$$G'$$G′and$$G''$$G′′and the critical stress$$\sigma _{c}$$σc, of mixtures of Laponite EP and bentonite clay. Laponite EP is an organically coated laponite displaying unusual rheological behaviour compared to its unmodified form. We examined the effect of salt (magnesium chloride) and of surfactant (Tween 20) varying the pH between 4 and 9. We found reliable complex models with significant higher order terms showing that the rheological behaviour of the gels was not a function of each single compound, but instead the result of multiple interactions. Such interactions had an antagonistic effect on$$G'$$G′and$$G''$$G′′. Stronger gels were found at low concentrations of magnesium chloride and Tween 20. The gel stability in response to stress increased with the amount of Tween 20, but decreased with magnesium chloride. Such distinct behaviour may be the result of interactions between the platelet charges and the different components, as well as salting in versus salting out effects. We identified the conditions for which the values of$$G'$$G′were suitable for agrochemical products. The method presented here is a quick and reliable approach to formulate products with targeted rheological properties.
Neonatal hypoglycaemia and body proportionality in small for gestational age newborns: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smits Ilke , Hoftiezer Liset , van Dillen Jeroen , Hogeveen Marije 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall for gestational age (SGA) newborns are at risk of developing neonatal hypoglycaemia. SGA newborns comprise a heterogeneous group including both constitutionally small and pathologically growth restricted newborns. The process of fetal growth restriction may result in brain sparing at the expense of the rest of the body, resulting in disproportionally small newborns. The aim of this study was to discover whether body proportionality influences the risk of developing neonatal hypoglycaemia in SGA newborns. A retrospective cohort study was performed in 402 newborns who were SGA without additional risk factors for hypoglycaemia. Body proportionality was classified in two ways: (1) using symmetric (sSGA) or asymmetric (aSGA), defined as head circumference (HC) below or above the 10th percentile, respectively; (2) using cephalization index (HC/birth weight), standardized for gestational age. Hypoglycaemia was observed in 50% of aSGA and 40.9% of sSGA newborns (P-value 0.12). Standardized CI in newborns with hypoglycaemia was higher compared to newborns without hypoglycaemia (median 1.27 (1.21–1.35) versus 1.24 (1.20–1.29); (P 0.002)). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed both CI and standardized CI to be associated with the occurrence of hypoglycaemia (OR 1.48 (1.24–1.77) and OR 1.44 (1.13–1.83), respectively). The majority of hypoglycaemic events (96.1%) occurred in the first 6 h after birth. Conclusion: Body proportionality might be of influence, depending on the classification used. Larger prospective studies with a clear consensus definition of body proportionality are needed.

What is Known:• Neonatal hypoglycaemia is an important complication in newborns.• Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are more vulnerable to hypoglycaemia.

What is New:• Higher incidence of hypoglycaemia was not observed in asymmetric SGA compared to symmetric SGA, but standardized cephalization index was associated with increased likelihood of hypoglycaemia.• Consensus-based definitions of body proportionality in newborns are needed.
Jenseits urbaner Wissenszentren: Co-Working-Spaces in ländlichen Räumen in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Growe Anna , Scheffer Christine 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungCo-Working-Spaces werden als räumliche Antwort auf die Flexibilisierung von Arbeitsprozessen und zugleich v. a. als urbanes Phänomen diskutiert. Co-Working-Spaces werden jedoch nicht nur als Möglichkeit für mobiles Arbeiten verstanden, sondern auch als Chance, räumliche Entwicklung zu stärken. Allerdings können nicht alle Typen von Co-Working-Spaces gleichermaßen Impulse für Entwicklungen außerhalb des Co-Working-Space selbst setzen. Besonders prädestiniert für eine Unterstützung der Quartiers‑, Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung sind Co-Working-Spaces mit einer großen Zugänglichkeit für die Öffentlichkeit. Differenziert werden 3 Typen von Co-Working-Spaces: solche, die sich durch Offenheit und Zugänglichkeit auszeichnen, solche, die sich an den geschlossenen Nutzerkreis der Co-Working-Spaces selbst richten, und solche, die eine Mischform aus den beiden anderen Typen darstellen. Dieser Beitrag setzt sich am Beispiel Baden-Württemberg mit der Frage auseinander, welcher Typus von Co-Working-Spaces eher in Kernstädten und im regionalen Verflechtungsbereich von Großstädten zu finden ist. Es wird auch betrachtet, welcher Typus außerhalb von Großstadtregionen im ländlichen Raum zu finden ist und welche Form von Öffnung bei Co-Working-Spaces außerhalb von Großstadtregionen beobachtet werden kann.
Recoverable mutual exclusion with abortability
Authors: Jayanti Prasad , Joshi Anup 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent advances in non-volatile main memory (NVM) technology have spurred research on algorithms that are resilient to intermittent failures that cause processes to crash and subsequently restart. In this paper we present a Recoverable Mutual Exclusion (RME) algorithm that supports abortability. Our algorithm guarantees FCFS and a strong liveness property: processes do not starve even in runs consisting of infinitely many crashes, provided that a process crashes at most a finite number of times in each of its attempts. On DSM and Relaxed-CC multiprocessors, a process incurs $$O(\min (k, \log n))$$

O
(
min
(
k
,
log
n
)
)

RMRs in a passage and $$O(f+ \min (k, \log n))$$

O
(
f
+
min
(
k
,
log
n
)
)

RMRs in an attempt, where n is the number of processes that the algorithm is designed for, k is the point contention of the passage or the attempt, and f is the number of times that p crashes during the attempt. On a Strict CC multiprocessor, the passage and attempt complexities are O(n) and $$O(f+n)$$

O
(
f
+
n
)

, respectively. Our algorithm uses only the read, write, and CAS operations, which are commonly supported by multiprocessors. Attiya, Hendler, and Woelfel proved that, with any mutual exclusion algorithm, a process incurs at least $$\varOmega (\log n)$$

Ω
(
log
n
)

RMRs in a passage, if the algorithm uses only the read, write, and CAS operations (in: Proc. of the Fortieth ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, New York, NY, USA, 2008). This lower bound implies that the worst-case RMR complexity of our algorithm is optimal for the DSM and Relaxed CC multiprocessors. This paper is an expanded version of our conference paper as reported by Jayanti and Joshi (in: Atig and Schwarzmann (eds) Networked Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019), which presented the first Recoverable Mutual Exclusion (RME) algorithm that supports abortability. This algorithm from our conference paper (in: Atig and Schwarzmann (eds) Networked Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019) admits starvation when there are infinitely many aborts in a run. In this paper, we fix this shortcoming and prove the algorithm’s properties by identifying an inductive invariant.
Placement educators’ perspectives of international social work students’ sociopragmatic communication skills
Authors: Grieve Averil , Ta Binh , Ross Bella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInternational students who speak English as an additional language report experiencing communication issues while completing their studies and work-integrated learning placements in a range of Anglophone countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Australia. To address this issue, accreditation and registration bodies for a number of health professions, such as social work and nursing, have advocated for increasing the test score requirements for university English language entry. However, from a sociolinguistic perspective, decisions concerning ways to address communication challenges need to take into account the unique communication skills required for functioning in specific workplace settings. It is therefore essential to identify the types of communication issues occurring during work-integrated learning opportunities (e.g. placement) and to then assess whether these should be addressed by raising general English proficiency or providing structured learning opportunities for profession-specific communication development within the course content. The present study uses sociolinguistic theory to examine placement educators’ perspectives on international students’ communication issues using the context of social work placement. It draws on the thematic analysis of interviews with 15 placement educators in Australia. One major finding is that international students’ general proficiency or ability to use specific linguistic tools (pragmalinguistic competence) is not a key area of concern for educators. The main challenge seems to involve the students’ understanding of sociocultural norms underlying workplace communication (sociopragmatic competence). This finding suggests that, rather than increasing English language entry requirements, universities need to provide international students opportunities to develop their sociopragmatic competence both before and during placement. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at supporting international students who speak English as an additional language to develop their workplace communication during their studies.
From entrepreneurship to leadership
Authors: Audretsch David , Tamvada Jagannadha Pawan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEntrepreneurship needs to transition into leadership to advance stakeholders’ interests both within and outside a firm. Based on insights from recent advances in leadership theory and practice, we present a simple, yet elegant model called TRY Leadership that identifies three qualities that enable entrepreneurs to be effective leaders in society. The TRY model complements and contributes to the emerging paradigm of responsible leadership to offer an actionable framework of leadership for entrepreneurs.
Anisotropic Fractional Gagliardo-Nirenberg, Weighted Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg and Lyapunov-type Inequalities, and Applications to Riesz Potentials and p-sub-Laplacian Systems
Authors: Kassymov Aidyn , Ruzhansky Michael , Suragan Durvudkhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we prove the fractional Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality on homogeneous Lie groups. Also, we establish weighted fractional Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality and Lyapunov-type inequality for the Riesz potential on homogeneous Lie groups. The obtained Lyapunov inequality for the Riesz potential is new already in the classical setting of $\mathbb {R}^{N}$

ℝ

N

. As an application, we give two-sided estimate for the first eigenvalue of the Riesz potential. Also, we obtain Lyapunov inequality for the system of the fractional p-sub-Laplacian equations and give an application to estimate its eigenvalues.
Endocrinological and inflammatory markers in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Boehl Gabriela , Raguindin Peter Francis , Valido Ezra , Bertolo Alessandro , Itodo Oche Adam , Minder Beatrice , Lampart Patricia , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Leichtle Alexander , Glisic Marija , Stoyanov Jivko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to dramatic physiological changes which can be a factor in developing secondary health conditions and might be reflected in biomarker changes in this elevated risk group. We focused specifically on the endocrine and inflammation profile differences between SCI and able-bodied individuals (ABI). Our aim was to determine the differences in inflammatory markers and endocrine profiles between SCI and ABI. We systematically searched 4 electronic databases for relevant studies. Human observational (cross-sectional, cohort, case–control) studies that compared biomarkers of interest between SCI and ABI population were included. Weighted mean difference between SCI and ABI was calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was computed using I2 statistic and chi-squared test. Study quality was evaluated through the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The search strategy yielded a total of 2,603 studies from which 256 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Sixty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. SCI individuals had higher levels of pro-inflammatory C-reactive protein and IL-6 than ABI. Creatinine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were lower in SCI than ABI. Total testosterone levels and IGF-1 were also found to be lower, while cortisol and leptin levels were higher in SCI when compared to ABI. Accordingly, meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and leave-one-out analysis were performed, however, they were only able to partially explain the high levels of heterogeneity. Individuals with SCI show higher levels of inflammatory markers and present significant endocrinological changes when compared to ABI. Moreover, higher incidence of obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, and hypogonadism in SCI individuals, together with decreased creatinine levels reflect some of the readily measurable aspects of the phenotype changes in the SCI group. These findings need to be considered in anticipating medically related complications and personalizing SCI medical care.
Compound-internal anaphora: evidence from acceptability judgements on Italian argumental compounds
Authors: Lami Irene , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe particular properties of argumental compounds in Italian pose interesting theoretical challenges, and investigations of possible syntactic operations within this type of complex words have resulted in conflicting conclusions. Regarding compound-internal anaphora, some researchers exclude the possibility that pronouns can refer to the non-head, while others do not. However, these findings have been based on researchers’ intuitions and on occurrences in language corpora, and while intuitions have been shown to give contrasting results, the absence of a grammatical structure in a corpus should not be taken as evidence that the structure is not possible. The present study aims to experimentally determine the possibility of compound-internal pronominal reference based on structural properties of compounds and referential expressions. Judgements were obtained from 140 Italian native speakers who rated the acceptability of sentences containing a pronoun (null or overt) referring to the argument element of an argumental compound. The results indicate that compound-internal anaphoric reference is acceptable in the case of left-headed compounds and, to a somewhat lesser extent, of verb-noun compounds. The argument element of right-headed compounds, however, does not appear to be available to anaphoric reference. Referential expressions also play a role in the degree of acceptability, with left-headed compounds allowing null form anaphora to a greater extent. These results provide new evidence on compound-internal pronominal reference and give important insights into the processing of argumental compounds.