bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroinflammation PET imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) in Alzheimer's disease: An update
Authors: Gouilly Dominique , Saint‐Aubert Laure , Ribeiro Maria‐Joao , Salabert Anne‐Sophie , Tauber Clovis , Péran Patrice , Arlicot Nicolas , Pariente Jérémie , Payoux Pierre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a significant contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Until now, PET imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) has been widely used to depict the neuroimmune endophenotype of AD. The aim of this review was to provide an update to the results from 2018 and to advance the characterization of the biological basis of TSPO imaging in AD by re‐examining TSPO function and expression and the methodological aspects of interest. Although the biological basis of the TSPO PET signal is obviously related to microglia and astrocytes in AD, the observed process remains uncertain and might not be directly related to neuroinflammation. Further studies are required to re‐examine the cellular significance underlying a variation in the PET signal in AD.
Locating pro‐environmental vernacular practices of tourism
Authors: Iaquinto Benjamin Lucca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPro‐environmental vernacular practices are embodied, place‐specific, ordinary actions that are part of people's daily lives. They result in lower levels of resource consumption without necessarily being grounded in an explicit pro‐environmental agenda. A growing body of cultural geographical scholarship has explored a range of vernacular practices, predominantly among households in Western countries. This paper argues such capacities can be found in a more diverse array of cultural contexts, namely tourism. This is demonstrated by evaluating the literature on tourist practices and entering it into a dialog with the literature on pro‐environmental vernacular practices. The paper shows how tourism is an important site through which such pro‐environmental practices can emerge. Backpacking, nature tourism, foraging tourism, camping, and craft tourism can provide the knowledge and skills for living enjoyable low resource intensive lifestyles, and indicate how relations of hospitality may persist despite scarcity. The paper advances geographical knowledge in three areas. First, it expands and clarifies what the ‘vernacular’ actually constitutes. Second, it shows how a greater understanding of the vernacular beyond the household can advance cultural geographical scholarship on the environment. Third, it argues that a deeper engagement with practice theory would boost research in this area by connecting vernacular responses performed at the individual level with broader postcapitalist social movements.
Effects of acute moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise on executive function and prefrontal cortex activity in community‐dwelling older adults: A single‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Jin‐Hyuck 
Published: January 2022

AimTo date, there is a controversy regarding the effects of acute aerobic exercise of moderate intensity on executive function and prefrontal cortex activity in community‐dwelling older adults. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise of moderate intensity in healthy older adults.MethodsFifty‐six healthy older adults were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) that performed moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise or the wait‐list control group (CG) for a total of 15 sessions. To compare the two groups, the Stroop Color‐Word Task (SCWT) and the Trail‐Making Test Part B (TMT‐B) were implemented for executive function and prefrontal cortex activity during executive function testing.ResultsAfter the intervention, the EG achieved a significant improvement in the SCWT (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.196) and the TMT‐B (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.245) compared with the CG. In addition, the EG showed a lower HbO2 concentration in the prefrontal cortex than the CG during the SCWT (P < 0.05; η2 = 0.076) and the TMT‐B (P < 0.05; η2 = 0.090).ConclusionsThese findings shed new light on the clinical effectiveness of acute moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise on executive function and prefrontal cortex activity in healthy older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 227–232.
Cournot–Bertrand comparisons under R&D competition: Output versus R&D subsidies
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe compare Cournot and Bertrand competitions with R&D investment under output versus R&D subsidy policies. We demonstrate that Cournot firms invest more (less) in R&D and the government grants more (less) subsidies than for Bertrand firms with output (R&D) subsidies. We also find that both competition modes yield the same welfare with output subsidy, while Bertrand yields higher welfare than Cournot with R&D subsidy. Finally, firms' profits and welfare in Cournot are higher under output subsidies, while they can be higher in Bertrand under R&D subsidies if the product substitutability is high and the firm's R&D investment is efficient.
High soluble HLA‐DQB2 levels in posttransplant serum are associated with kidney graft dysfunction
Authors: Mine Karina L , de Marco Renato , Raimundo Tamiris R.F. , Ernesto Julia V. , Medina‐Pestana José O. , Tedesco‐Silva Hélio , Gerbase‐DeLima Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHLA‐DQB2 is a gene of limited polymorphism, with unknown function that presents at least two transcript variants: v1, which encodes the full‐length beta‐chain, and v2, which lacks exon 4 and could give rise to a soluble protein. We previously showed a strong correlation between high v2 expression in preimplantation biopsies (PIB) of kidneys from young (18‐ to 49‐year olds) but not from old, deceased donors and 1‐year posttransplant low (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2) graft function (GF). In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of posttransplant soluble HLA‐DQB2 (sDQB2) serum levels, v1 expression in PIB, and recipient HLA‐DQB2 rs7453920 A/G polymorphism on GF. sDQB2 was evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in sera from 114 recipients, collected at least 1 year (median 2.1 years) after transplantation. Higher sDQB2 levels were observed in recipients of kidneys from young, but not from old, donors that had a ≥30% decline in GF within 1 year after blood collection for sDQB2 determination. Among the 15 recipients of kidneys from young donors with sDQB2 ≥ 1.52 ng/ml, 40% presented a ≥30% decline in GF, whereas this occurred in none of the 43 recipients with lower sDQB2 levels (p = 0.007; OR: 36.5). Expression of HLA‐DQB2 variant 1, measured by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in 92 PIB from young or old donors, did not significantly differ between transplants with high or low 4‐year GF. HLA‐DQB2 rs7453920 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies did not significantly differ between recipients with low or high 4‐year GF. We conclude that HLA‐DQB2 variant 1 expression in PIB and recipient rs7453920 SNP polymorphism are not associated with graft outcome. On the other hand, the association, in transplants of kidneys from young donors, between high posttransplant serum sDQB2 levels and decline in GF is a very interesting finding that deserves a validation study in a larger cohort.
Sedentary time has a stronger impact on metabolic health than moderate to vigorous physical activity in adolescents with obesity: a cross‐sectional analysis of the Beta‐JUDO study
Authors: Julian Valérie , Bergsten Peter , Forslund Anders , Ahlstrom Hakan , Ciba Iris , Dahlbom Marie , Furthner Dieter , Gomahr Julian , Kullberg Joel , Maruszczak Katharina , Morwald Katharina , Olsson Roger , Pixner Thomas , Schneider Anna , Pereira Bruno , Thivel David , Weghuber Daniel 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundRelationships between movement‐related behaviours and metabolic health remain underexplored in adolescents with obesity.ObjectivesTo compare profiles of sedentary time (more sedentary, SED+ vs. less sedentary, SED−), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (more active, MVPA+ vs. less active, MVPA−) and combinations of behaviours (SED−/MVPA+, SED−/MVPA−, SED+/MVPA+, SED+/MVPA−) in regard to metabolic health.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐four subjects (mean age 13.4 ± 2.2 yrs, mean body mass index [BMI] 98.9 ± 0.7 percentile, 48.5% females) underwent 24 h/7 day accelerometry, anthropometric, body composition, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and insulin resistance (IR) assessments.ResultsMetabolic health was better in SED− [lower fat mass (FM) percentage (p < 0.05), blood pressure (BP) (p < 0.05), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (p < 0.001) and metabolic syndrome risk score (MetScore) (p < 0.001), higher high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐c) (p = 0.001)] vs. SED+ group and in MVPA+ [lower triglyceridemia (TG), (p < 0.05), HOMA‐IR (p < 0.01) and MetScore (p < 0.001), higher HDL‐c (p < 0.01)] vs. MVPA− group after adjustment with age, gender, maturation and BMI. SED−/MVPA+ group had the best metabolic health. While sedentary (p < 0.001) but also MVPA times (p < 0.001) were lower in SED−/MVPA− vs. SED+/MVPA+, SED−/MVPA− had lower FM percentage (p < 0.05), HOMA‐IR (p < 0.01) and MetScore (p < 0.05) and higher HDL‐c (p < 0.05), independently of BMI. Sedentary time was positively correlated with HOMA‐IR and Metscore and negatively correlated with HDL‐c after adjustment with MVPA (p < 0.05). MVPA was negatively correlated with HOMA‐IR, BP and MetScore and positively correlated with HDL‐c after adjustment with sedentary time (p < 0.05).ConclusionLower sedentary time is associated with a better metabolic health independently of MVPA and might be a first step in the management of pediatric obesity when increasing MVPA is not possible.
A Reformed Account of Eucharistic Sacrifice
Authors: Holmes Stephen R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChristian writers have always described the Eucharist as a ‘sacrifice’, but this was ill‐defined before 1500. The Tridentine Fathers offered an account of the priest somehow offering the one sacrifice of Calvary anew at the altar, which depended on transubstantiation, but later theologians have found it difficult to narrate this. I propose a eucharistic theology that draws on Calvin’s account of the pneumatological ascent of the communicant, and on David Moffitt’s account of Jesus’ sacrifice in Hebrews, to suggest a way of understanding the Supper as sacrifice that is acceptable to Reformed sensibilities, and both more coherent, and more responsible to recent ecumenical convergence, than the various post‐Trent theories.
Locusta migratoria flight muscle troponin partially activates thin filament in a calcium‐dependent manner
Authors: Liang Hui‐Fang , Li Xiang‐dong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe troponin (Tn) complex, the sensor for Ca2+ to regulate contraction of striated muscle, is composed of three subunits, that is, TnT, TnI and TnC. Different isoforms of TnI and TnC are expressed in the thorax dorsal longitudinal muscle (flight muscle) and the hind leg extensor tibiae muscle (jump muscle) of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. The major Tn complexes in the flight muscle and the jump muscle are Tn‐171 (TnT1/TnI7/TnC1) and Tn‐153 (TnT1/TnI5/TnC3), respectively. Here, we prepared a number of recombinant Tn complexes and the reconstituted thin filaments, and investigated their regulation on thin filament. Although both Tn‐171 and Tn‐153 regulate thin filament in a Ca2+‐dependent manner, the extent of Ca2+ activation mediated by Tn‐171 was significantly lower than that by Tn‐153. We demonstrated that TnC1 and TnC3, rather than TnI5 and TnI7, are responsible for the different levels of the thin filament activation. Mutagenesis of TnC1 and TnC3 shows that the low level of TnC1‐mediated thin filament activation can be attributed to the noncanonical residue Leu60 in the EF‐hand‐II of TnC1. We therefore propose that, in addition to Ca2+, other regulatory mechanism(s) is required for the full activation of locust flight muscle.
The gendered occupational value of a U.S. education for skilled Indian immigrants
Authors: Jacobs Elizabeth , Kreisberg A. Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article revisits conventional understandings of gender differences in occupational attainment through the context of highly skilled legal migration in the United States. Drawing on a unique combination of nationally representative survey data of Indian lawful permanent residents and in‐depth interviews with skilled Indian migrants holding employer‐sponsored visas, we find that a U.S. education has a large premium in occupational prestige scores in the global labour market and has the power to mitigate the gender gap in immigrant occupational attainment. U.S. credentials, social networks, and mentorship programs help drive the occupational prestige‐generating function of a U.S. education for highly skilled Indian immigrant women. This article demonstrates aggregate occupational patterns among a nationally representative sample of Indian permanent residents and develops an in‐depth understanding of the process of occupational attainment. Our findings offer new insights into factors that mitigate gender inequality in the high‐skilled immigrant labour force.
Tailoring research recruitment strategies to survey harder‐to‐reach populations: A discussion paper
Authors: Savard Isabelle , Kilpatrick Kelley 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsA discussion of the challenges of recruiting participants from harder‐to‐reach populations for quantitative survey studies and potential avenues for tailored strategies to address these challenges.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThe search was conducted on August 2, 2021, in the CINAHL and PubMed databases, and in Google scholar. The initial search identified 5880 articles, and the final analysis included 44 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Articles were retained if they addressed methodological challenges or strategies for recruitment and concerned research with harder‐to‐reach populations.Implications for nursingThis article draws on the literature regarding the challenges of recruiting research participants from harder‐to‐reach populations and known strategies for overcoming them. These strategies include, for example, establishing a trusting relationship between the researcher and the participant community and gaining in‐depth knowledge of the target population. These challenges and strategies for recruiting participants from these populations are discussed specifically in the context of quantitative survey research.ConclusionNurse researchers conducting quantitative survey studies with participants from harder‐to‐reach populations must tailor their recruitment strategies to the target population and, most importantly, be flexible and creative in their recruitment methods.ImpactThe article discusses the challenges of recruiting participants from harder‐to‐reach populations and strategies to overcome them in quantitative survey studies. Successful recruitment requires researchers to develop a thorough understanding of the harder‐to‐reach population, develop partnerships to locate and access potential participants, build trust with the community, tailor their language, minimize participation risk and resource constraints, recognize the cognitive and physical demands required, and be flexible and creative in developing recruitment strategies. This knowledge can enable the inclusion of more people from harder‐to‐reach populations in survey studies and provide evidence that can inform research and practice to provide healthcare tailored to their needs and ultimately help improve their health and well‐being.
LncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA mitigates cardiac function injury in chronic heart failure via regulating microRNA‐30a‐5p to target KDM3A
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Gao Yakun , Wu Hongyu , Mao Yong , Qi Yanqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) has been studied in multiple diseases, but the role of HOTAIR on chronic heart failure (CHF) through the regulation of microRNA (miR)‐30a‐5p and lysine‐specific demethylase 3A (KDM3A) remains unexplored. This research aims to probe the effects of HOTAIR on CHF progression via modulating miR‐30a‐5p to target KDM3A. CHF mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. The CHF mice were then injected with high‐expressed HOTAIR, miR‐30a‐5p or KDM3A adenovirus vectors to determine the cardiac function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, pathological change and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HOTAIR, miR‐30a‐5p, KDM3A and Bcl‐2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) expression in CHF mice was detected. The binding relations among HOTAIR, miR‐30a‐5p and KDM3A were validated. HOTAIR and KDM3A were depleted, while miR‐30a‐5p was augmented in CHF mice. The elevated HOTAIR or KDM3A or could improve cardiac function, mitigate oxidative stress and pathological change, reduce inflammatory factor levels and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while the increased miR‐30a‐5p exerted opposite effects. The miR‐30a‐5p elevation could reverse the effects of enriched HOTAIR, while BNIP3 reduction abrogated the effects of KDM3A on CHF. HOTAIR sponged miR‐30a‐5p that targeted KDM3A. HOTAIR improves cardiac injury in CHF via modulating miR‐30a‐5p to target KDM3A. This study provides novel therapeutic strategies for CHF treatment.
What Does the EU Actually Mean to Citizens? An in‐Depth Study of Dutch citizens' Understandings and Evaluations of the European Union
Authors: van den Hoogen Elske , de Koster Willem , van der Waal Jeroen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough citizens' attitudes towards the European Union (EU) have been examined extensively, there is a dearth of studies on what the EU actually means to them. Inspired by observations suggesting that the EU means different things to different people, this research aimed to uncover these views using an inductive approach: 13 group interviews with a heterogenous set of homogenous groups. 45 Dutch citizens, strategically selected from various social backgrounds, were interviewed in‐depth. Four discourses on the EU were identified: pragmatic, federalist, anti‐establishment and disengaged. We also demonstrated that these discourses go hand‐in‐hand with: 1) specific evaluations of the EU beyond the conventional ‘Europhilia‐Euroscepticism’ dimension; and 2) similar criticisms regarding themes emphasised by interviewees themselves – wasting of money and a lack of transparency and democracy – but for very different, sometimes even counterposing, reasons. The wider implications of our findings and possible venues for further research are also discussed.
Assessing motor competence in kicking in individuals with Down syndrome through wearable motion sensors
Authors: Quinzi F. , Camomilla V. , Sbriccoli P. , Piacentini M. F. , Vannozzi G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundKicking a ball is a very frequent action in sport and leisure time activities and a low proficiency in this skill could limit the participation in recreational sport activities. This issue is emphasised in individuals with Down syndrome (IDS) for which data about motor competence in kicking are limited to children. Here, we aim at evaluating the kicking competence of IDS combining a qualitative and a quantitative method.MethodsTwenty‐three adult IDS and 21 typically developed individuals (ITD) volunteered to participate in the study. Peak‐to‐peak 3D linear acceleration and angular velocity were recorded at 200 samples/s using two inertial measurement units placed on the lower back and lateral malleolus of the dominant limb during kicking. Motor competence in kicking was assessed according to the criteria proposed in the test of gross motor development version 3 (TGMD‐3).ResultsIndividuals with Down syndrome showed lower motor competence (ITD: 5.9 ± 1.2; IDS: 3.2 ± 2.0) and lower angular velocities about the cranio‐caudal (ITD: 3.0 ± 1.8; IDS: 2.1 ± 1.1 rad/s) and medio‐lateral axes (ITD: 4.5 ± 1.5; IDS: 3.0 ± 1.1 rad/s) of the trunk compared with ITD. Shank angular velocity about the medio‐lateral axis was lower in IDS (ITD: 14.3.6 ± 4.0; IDS: 9.9 ± 2.8 rad/s).ConclusionsThe lower trunk angular velocity in IDS may limit the possibility to rely on the proximal‐to‐distal sequencing commonly observed in kicking and generate high shank angular velocity upon ball impact. The lower trunk angular velocity may result from orthopaedic features of the pelvic girdle and possibly from a poorer neuromuscular control of core muscles.
Relationship Banking and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from India
Authors: BHARDWAJ ABHISHEK , SUBRAMANIAN KRISHNAMURTHY , TANTRI PRASANNA 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThough the monetary policy transmission and financial intermediation literature have highlighted the role of the “bank credit channel” and relationship banking, respectively, the effect of relationship banking on the transmission of monetary policy has not been investigated. In this paper, we study the impact of relationship banking on the transmission of monetary policy. Theoretically, relationship banking could ameliorate or exacerbate the effects of monetary policy shocks. Using unique and comprehensive data on bank–borrower relationships in India, we find that firms that enjoy an exclusive banking relationship are less susceptible to monetary policy shocks than firms that bank with multiple banks.
Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species causing stem canker and fruit rot in olive trees in Uruguay
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Laura , Mondino‐Hintz Pedro , Alaniz‐Ferro Sandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOlive production has expanded strongly in the last twenty years in Uruguay. In this study, a collection of 37 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates obtained from stem canker and fruit rot symptoms in olive trees of six cultivars from 14 orchards throughout the country were characterized. Based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS and TEF‐1α gene regions and phenotypical characteristics, eight species belonging to the genera Botryosphaeria (41%), Neofusicoccum (51%) and less frequently to Diplodia (8%) were identified. The recognized species were B. wangensis (n = 11), N. cryptoaustrale (n = 9), N. luteum (n = 7), B. dothidea (n = 4), N. occulatum (n = 2), D. seriata (n = 2), N. australe (n = 1) and D. mutila (n = 1). Isolates of all Botryosphaeriaceae species were able to cause typical necrotic lesions on inoculated olive stems of Arbequina cultivar under laboratory conditions, but those belonging to Neofusicoccum genus were significantly more aggressive. Five of the eight species found in this study were previously reported affecting other fruit and forestry trees in Uruguay; thus, further epidemiologic studies and management programmes should be developed considering all the Botryosphaeriaceae hosts, especially those cultivated in proximity. Also, we present B. wangensis, N. cryptoaustale, N. occulatum and D. mutila species as new records to olive worldwide.