bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between depression and psychological well-being among persons with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic: diabetes distress as a mediator
Authors: Ajele Wojujutari Kenni , Babalola Oyeyemi Bukola , Idehen Egbe Emmanuel , Oladejo Teslim Alabi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purposes
The study examined the relationship between depression, diabetes distress and psychological well-being and also assessed the mediating role of diabetes distress on depression relationship with psychological well-being among persons with diabetes during the covid-19 pandemic.

Methods
The study conducted a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 223 (age 35 to 73 years, mean = 53.26 years and SD = 11.05 years) people living with diabetes who are registered patients and were attending the clinic in Department of medicine, Ondo State Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa were selected for the study using the convenient sampling technique. The data were analysed using Pearson Multiple correlation and mediation model 4 of PROCESS macro. The analyses were carried out with ROCESS macro for IBM/SPSS Version 25.0.

Results
Showed psychological well-being has negative significant relationship between diabetes distress (r = −0.42, p < .05) and depression (r = 0.52, p < .05) among persons with diabetes during covid-19 pandemic. The result showed significant and negative direct relationship between depression and diabetes distress (β = −0.47, p < 0.05), 95% Cl: = −0.60 (−0.34). The results also showed significant direct relationship depression and psychological well-being (β = 0.36, p < 0.05), 95% Cl: = 0.26 (0.47) and further that diabetes distress significantly mediate indirect relationship between depression and psychological well-being among persons with diabetes during covid-19 pandemic (β = −0.19, p < .05), 95% Cl: = 0.29 (−0.09).

Conclusion
Depression and diabetes distress associated with the psychological well-being of persons with diabetes during covid-19 pandemic and diabetes distress may play vital role on the association between depression and with the psychological well-being of persons with diabetes during covid-19 pandemic.
Serum and urinary biomarkers to predict acute kidney injury in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Kuo Jenny , Akison Lisa K. , Chatfield Mark D. , Trnka Peter , Moritz Karen M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Premature infants are at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) and current diagnostic criteria are flawed. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of urine and serum biomarkers not currently used in routine clinical practice to predict AKI in premature infants.

Method
A systematic review was performed that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA). Data were extracted on the diagnostic accuracy of AKI biomarkers using serum creatinine or urine output as the reference standard. Quality and validity were assessed using modified Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) criteria.

Results
We identified 1024 articles, with 15 studies (791 infants) eligible for inclusion. Twenty-seven biomarkers were identified including serum cystatin C and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), osteopontin, kidney injury molecule-1, epidermal growth factor, and protein S100-P. However, many were only reported by one study each. A meta-analysis could only be conducted on uNGAL (288 infants from 6 studies) using a hierarchical, random-effects logistic-regression model. uNGAL had a summary sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 58–89%), specificity of 76% (95% CI 57–88%) and AUC-SROC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.86) for the diagnosis of AKI. By utilising uNGAL, the post-test probability of AKI increased to 52% (95% CI 37–66%) with a positive test and decreased to 9% (95% CI 5–16%) with a negative test if the pre-test probability was 25%.

Conclusion
uNGAL shows promise as a diagnostically accurate biomarker for AKI in premature infants.

Graphical abstract
Nanozymes: Versatile Platforms for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Xiaokai , Zhao Yanli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural enzymes usually suffer from high production cost, ease of denaturation and inactivation, and low yield, making them difficult to be broadly applicable. As an emerging type of artificial enzyme, nanozymes that combine the characteristics of nanomaterials and enzymes are promising alternatives. On the one hand, nanozymes have high enzyme-like catalytic activities to regulate biochemical reactions. On the other hand, nanozymes also inherit the properties of nanomaterials, which can ameliorate the shortcomings of natural enzymes and serve as versatile platforms for diverse applications. In this review, various nanozymes that mimic the catalytic activity of different enzymes are introduced. The achievements of nanozymes in different cancer diagnosis and treatment technologies are summarized by highlighting the advantages of nanozymes in these applications. Finally, future research directions in this rapidly developing field are outlooked."Image missing"
High-Energy Batteries: Beyond Lithium-Ion and Their Long Road to Commercialisation
Authors: Gao Yulin , Pan Zhenghui , Sun Jianguo , Liu Zhaolin , Wang John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRechargeable batteries of high energy density and overall performance are becoming a critically important technology in the rapidly changing society of the twenty-first century. While lithium-ion batteries have so far been the dominant choice, numerous emerging applications call for higher capacity, better safety and lower costs while maintaining sufficient cyclability. The design space for potentially better alternatives is extremely large, with numerous new chemistries and architectures being simultaneously explored. These include other insertion ions (e.g. sodium and numerous multivalent ions), conversion electrode materials (e.g. silicon, metallic anodes, halides and chalcogens) and aqueous and solid electrolytes. However, each of these potential “beyond lithium-ion” alternatives faces numerous challenges that often lead to very poor cyclability, especially at the commercial cell level, while lithium-ion batteries continue to improve in performance and decrease in cost. This review examines fundamental principles to rationalise these numerous developments, and in each case, a brief overview is given on the advantages, advances, remaining challenges preventing cell-level implementation and the state-of-the-art of the solutions to these challenges. Finally, research and development results obtained in academia are compared to emerging commercial examples, as a commentary on the current and near-future viability of these “beyond lithium-ion” alternatives.
Single channel digital controller design for a high spinning rate rolling airframe missile
Authors: Suiçmez E.C. , Kutay A.T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpinning/Rolling Airframe Missiles (RAM) mostly use an analog (ON-OFF type) control approach that deflects control surfaces (fins) at minimum and maximum positions continuously, and control is achieved by applying phase shift between the minimum and maximum deflections during a complete roll cycle. Therefore, the control signal shape changes continuously during the roll cycle. In this study, a novel single channel digital controller is designed and tested for a high spinning rate (10–20 Hz) RAM. The digital controller adjusts the amplitude of fin deflections instead of applying a phase shift. In this way, control signal shapes are predetermined in design to completely decouple yaw and pitch dynamics. At the beginning of each roll cycle, the algorithm decides on the control signal shape and amplitude to apply throughout the cycle. Delays on the actuator system and sensor measurements which might lead to instability at high spinning rates are handled effectively thanks to the predetermined control signal shapes that are changing with 90-degree intervals. Detailed geometry of a surface-to-air spinning missile is used to obtain aerodynamic coefficients for the entire flight regime (i.e. from launch to terminal phase) via Missile DATCOM. The 6-DOF flight dynamics model and the controller algorithms are built in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The proposed digital controller is tested systematically for various scenarios and the performance is compared with the conventional analog control approach. The digital controller gives better performance compared to the analog approach under the influence of servo delays and sensor noise.
Knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship among staff at a national cancer referral center in Uganda
Authors: Gulleen Elizabeth A. , Lubwama Margaret , Komakech Alfred , Krantz Elizabeth M. , Liu Catherine , Phipps Warren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectives:As access to cancer care has improved throughout sub-Saharan Africa, treatment-associated infections have increased. Assessing healthcare worker knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship and identifying the barriers to infection management will inform the development of contextually appropriate antimicrobial stewardship programs, improving cancer outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:The Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI), a national cancer referral center in Kampala, Uganda.Participants:We surveyed 61 UCI staff: 29 nurses, 7 pharmacists, and 25 physicians.Methods:The survey contained 25 questions and 1 ranking exercise. We examined differences in responses by staff role.Results:All 60 respondents who answered the question had heard the term “antimicrobial resistance.” Only 44 (73%) had heard the term “antimicrobial stewardship.” Nurses were less likely than pharmacists or physicians to be familiar with either term. Also, 41 respondents (68%) felt that loss of antibiotic susceptibility is a major issue at UCI. Regarding barriers to diagnosing infections, 54 (93%) of 58 thought that it was difficult to obtain blood cultures and 48 (86%) of 56 thought that it was difficult to regularly measure temperatures.Conclusions:Although most recognized the term “antimicrobial resistance,” fewer were familiar with the term “antimicrobial stewardship.” Inappropriate antibiotic use was recognized as a contributor to antimicrobial resistance, but hand hygiene was underrecognized as a contributing factor. We identified numerous barriers to diagnosing infections, including the ability to obtain blood cultures and consistently monitor temperatures. Educating staff regarding antimicrobial selection, allocating resources for blood cultures, and implementing strategies to enhance fever detection will improve infection management.
Legalising inter-legality
Authors: Walker Neil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is a review of the edited collection of Jan Klabbers and Gianluigi Palombella, ‘The Challenge of Inter-Legality’ (Cambridge, 2019). It considers how the volume revisits the influential concept of ‘inter-legally’, introduced by the Portuguese sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos 35 years ago. The main focus of the review is an evaluation of the editors' innovative and extended attempt, supported by many of the contributions, to account for inter-legality not simply as a sociological phenomenon - an effect of the interpenetration of legal orders - but as an idea with its own specifically legal content. In so doing, the editors provide a new normative dimension to our understanding of contemporary legal pluralism on the global stage. It is important, however, to continue to recognise the limitations of any single juridical idea in contributing to our understanding of global (in)justice.
Authoritarian Liberalism, authoritarian managerialism and the search for alternatives: Comments on Michael A. Wilkinson’s Authoritarian Liberalism
Authors: Joerges Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMichael Wilkinson’s Authoritarian Liberalism is an important, and, in many respects, praiseworthy contribution to the debates on the present state of the European Union (EU) and its highly problematical future. Its recourse to political economy in the re-construction of the integration project contrasts innovatively and instructively with the usual, if subtle, stories told about the history of Europe’s “integration through law” and its promotion of an “ever closer union among the peoples of Europe”. The spectre of “authoritarian liberalism” is a counter-narrative which exhibits the socio-economic dimensions and forces us to consider the political quality of European rule, in which Europe’s “material constitution” is a key concept of these analyses. “Authoritarian liberalism” is more than just a catchy characterisation of Europe’s constitutional constellation. The resort to this notion ties in with a conceptual history that definitely deserves to be remembered and continued.
Effect of high-pressure sintering on snow density evolution: experiments and results
Authors: Hong Jialin , Talalay Pavel , Man Teng , Li Yazhou , Fan Xiaopeng , Li Chuanjin , Zhang Nan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVery few studies have emphasized the effects of high-pressure sintering on snow density evolution, even though snow as a type of engineering material is widely used in construction engineering in cold regions for snow pavement, snow runway and polar infrastructure. This study presents new experimental results of snow densification under high pressures of up to 100 MPa for a temperature range from −3.5 to −17.3°C and uniaxial compression at the temperature of −10°C and constant strain rates from 5 × 10−4 to 10−1 s−1. Results reveal that density evolution of snow to ice under high-pressure sintering can be achieved in a wide temperature range within a duration as short as 5 min. The compressive strength of snow-sintered ice was ~1.2–2.2 times as large as that of water-frozen ice reported by previous work. The orthogonal experiment showed that pressure is a more significant factor affecting the final density in comparison with sintering temperature and time. The increased rates of ice fabrication, low limitations on temperature and reliable sintered snow strength indicate that snow-ice engineering, such as airport construction in Greenland and Antarctica, can be improved by high-pressure sintering of snow to overcome the harsh environment.
The European Union as a destination of Turkish migrants in 2008–2018
Authors: Dudu Selda , Rojo Teresa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the 1950s and 1960s, Europe was a popular migration destination for Turkish people due to its employment opportunities. Today, however, these labor market drivers of migration destinations in the EU-28 have been superseded. This article empirically investigates the drivers of the migration destinations of Turkish newcomers to EU countries between 2008–2018. It contributes to the literature by focusing only on Turkish newcomers, whereas other studies rely on migration stock data. Using data provided by the OECD, Eurostat, and the World Bank, the findings show that security-based and social drivers mostly attract Turkish newcomers to EU-28 destinations, specifically a demand for democracy and social networks.
Fear or Loathing: Affect, Political Economy, and Prejudice
Authors: Utych Stephen M. , Navarre Rachel , Rhodes-Purdy Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEthnonationalist politics have been on the rise in the United States since the 2008 financial crisis, culminating with the rise of Donald Trump. We examine why two seemingly unconnected things—economic crises and prejudice—so often arise simultaneously. Combining theories of economics and emotions, we connect economic crises and prejudice through the role of emotional response to crises, namely anger and anxiety. We use two survey experiments in the United States to test various theories of how emotions might connect economic threat to negative intergroup attitudes. We find that economic concerns increase both anger and anxiety among individuals, but that these emotions have distinct effects on prejudice. Angry individuals show increased prejudice, but only towards groups one is ideologically predisposed to be prejudiced towards. In contrast, anxiety exhibits few consistent effects on prejudice.
Shooting shadows: India’s struggle to reduce the burden of anaemia
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Sandhya S. , Sen Gupta Sourav , Parasannanavar Devraj J. , Anish Thekkumkara Surendran Nair , Barik Anamitra , Varshney Rajeev Kumar , Rajkumar Hemalatha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite several efforts by the Government of India, the national burden of anaemia remains high and its growing prevalence (between 2015–2016 and 2019–2021) is concerning to India’s public health system. This article reviews existing food-based and clinical strategies to mitigate the anaemia burden and why they are premature and insufficient. In a context where multiple anaemia control programmes are in play, this article proposes a threefold strategy for consideration. First, except the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, 2016–2018, which measured Hb concentration among children and adolescents aged 1–19 years using venous blood samples, all national surveys use capillary blood samples to determine Hb levels, which could be erroneous. The Indian government should prioritise conducting a nationwide survey for estimating the burden of anaemia and its clinical determinants for all age groups using venous blood samples. Second, without deciding the appropriate dose of Fe needed for an individual, food fortification programmes that are often compounded with layering of other micronutrients could be harmful and further research on this issue is needed. Same is true for the pharmacological intervention of Fe tablet or syrup supplementation programmes, which is given to individuals without assessing its need. In addition, there is a dire need for robust research to understand both the long-term benefit and side effects of Fe supplementation programmes. Third and final, the WHO is in process of reviewing the Hb threshold for defining anaemia, therefore the introduction of new anaemia control programmes should be restrained.
The effect of mature plant resistance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) on survival, fecundity and behaviour of green peach aphids (Myzus persicae)
Authors: Schop S. , Kloth K. J. , Raaijmakers E. , van der Vlugt R. A. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have shown the negative effects of mature plant resistance (MPR) on aphids in sugar beet, which is correlated to the formation of black deposits in their stomach. However, the underlying mechanism of MPR still needs to be elucidated, by understanding the toxicity effects of MPR on aphids and the role of the plant phenological stage and the environment. Here, we report that MPR in sugar beet does not only affect Myzus persicae mortality rate and the formation of a black deposit in the aphid stomach, but also aphid fecundity and behaviour. In addition, experiments in climate-controlled and field settings showed quantitative variation in MPR to M. persicae between six genotypes of sugar beet. Our results indicate that environmental effects, such as temperature, play a major role in MPR and underscore the importance of proper climate-controlled experiments for investigating MPR. In climate-controlled experiments, 83.3% of aphids on old leaves developed a black deposit, in contrast to only 16.8% of aphids on young leaves. This shows that not only plant age, but also leaf age plays a major role in the intensity of MPR. Further research will be needed to identify the underlying mechanism, before MPR can be used as a viable and sustainable solution to aphid pests in sugar beet.
Nitrogen pollution from cattle production in India: a review of the social, cultural and economic influences
Authors: Zhou Y. , Jain N. , Jha G. K. , Begho T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLivestock plays a crucial role in food and nutrition security. However, livestock production accounts for 0.18 of global greenhouse gas emissions. India has one of the highest livestock densities globally, mainly produced under traditional systems. Specifically, the emission and particularly nitrogen losses from cattle in traditional systems cannot be ignored. Nitrogen emission is substantial when cattle roam free and waste is not collected or managed efficiently. This paper reviews the literature to piece together the available information on nitrogen emissions from cattle in India to synthesize the evidence, identify gaps and contribute to further understanding of the problem. At the same time, the paper highlights the solutions to reduce nitrogen pollution from cattle production in India. The main findings are that most cattle in India are not reared to provide meat protein. The implication is that reactive nitrogen per capita consumption is lower than most developed countries. However, there are substantial inefficiencies in feed conversion, feed nitrogen use and manure management in India. As a result, nitrogen losses and wastage are considerable in the different production systems. Furthermore, the review suggests that social, cultural and economic factors such as convergent social behaviour, urbanization, regulations, changing consumption patterns, the demand for cheap fuel sources, culture and religion influence the production systems and, consequently, the emissions from livestock. Suggested solutions to reduce nitrogen pollution from cattle production in India are improving livestock productivity, adopting better feeding, manure and pasture management practices and using behavioural nudges.
Middle Republican Connectivities
Authors: Peralta Dan-el Padilla , Bernard Seth 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper outlines a new framework for the historical study of Rome and Italy during the middle republican period. We argue that traditional approaches centred upon social struggles at home and battles abroad,res domi militiaeque, do not sufficiently capture the dynamism of Roman society during the early stages of imperial expansion. Recent scholarship has been rightly critical of the appropriateness of applying concepts of Hellenisation to the period, as Rome's interactions with Magna Graecia and the Greek East in the fourth and third centuries look very different than they would in subsequent centuries. Moving in a new direction, we sketch the contours of an approach that foregrounds the many connectivities (temporal, geographical, methodological, historical) apparent from the interdisciplinary study of middle republican Rome and Italy. The result encourages a new mode of historical inquiry into the development of middle republican Rome and Italy, one which sees Rome already in this moment as both expansively interconnected with and actively involved in wider Mediterranean and Eurasian history.