bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Patterns Exhibited by Preschoolers in Large Class Size: A Case of Early Childhood Centres in Ghana
Authors: Bernard Kissi-Abrokwah , Dabone Kyeremeh Tawiah , Saani Abdul-Jaleel , Dennis Wilmot , Hansen Akoto-Baaako 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the paper was to investigate behavioural patterns exhibited by preschoolers in large class size and suggested recommendations to tackle them. The study was based on pragmatism philosophical thought where concurrent triangulation mixed method design was used for the study. At the quantitative phase, descriptive survey was used while multiple case study was also used for the qualitative phase. The sample size was 234, where 216 questionnaires were distributed to preschool teachers in the quantitative phase. At the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 12 preschool teachers while observations were carried out at 6 early childhood education centres (ECECs). The study shows that out of seat behaviour, talking out of turn, disrespecting teachers, verbal and physical aggression towards teachers were the behavioural patterns exhibited by preschoolers in large class size. Considering these behavioural patterns, the study suggested that building design used for ECECs should have toilet and other facilities to prevent preschoolers from exhibiting out of seat behaviour in classroom. The finding also shows that building more ECECs in addition to the existing ones and employing more substitute teachers to assist the permanent teachers could help teachers performance scaffolding, zone of proximal development and social interaction in managing preschoolers in classroom.

Received: 28 February 2022 / Accepted: 18 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
The syntax of generics and the absence of generic articles
Authors: Husband E. Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Cross-linguistically, no language has a dedicated generic article. To address why this is, I decompose GEN into its quantificational and modal components and locate them inside nominal structure. Adopting an event licensing analysis of pre- and post-verbal bare subjects in Modern Hebrew, I use the restriction of pre-verbal bare subjects to generic interpretations and unacceptability of pre-verbal bare singulars to argue that the quantificational component of GEN is best analyzed as a D-quantifier. Evidence from adnominal conditionals further identifies a modal source for GEN within the nominal, which I suggest is adjectival and derived from a reduced relative clause source. I propose that the formation of generic articles is blocked by the non-local (e.g. non-spanning) relationship between these quantificational and modal components.
“One does not simply categorize a meme”: A dual classification system for visual-textual internet memes
Authors: Cochrane Leslie , Johnson Alexandra , Lay Aubrey , Helmandollar Ginny 
Published: May 2022

Internet memes are a popular and long-standing genre of discourse on social media platforms, used to express everything from emotional states to political opinions. Dancygier and Vandelanotte (2017) define internet memes as intertextual, multimodal discourses that combine text with images. In order to capture and compare these rapidly-changing discourses, we propose a descriptive dual classification system for memes with two components: meme composition and multimodal quality. Meme composition categorizes memes by their structure—beyond the individual images they employ—and thus explains how memes recontextualize images and text to create new meanings. Multimodal quality serves to describe the way(s) that the text interacts with the image in the meme: as a caption, label, and/or utterance. Combining one meme composition with one or more multimodal qualities classifies an individual meme structurally and provides a basis for explaining its intertextuality, modality, and meaning-making. We apply the dual classification system to English language data collected in its naturally-occurring context on the social media platform Instagram from 2019 to 2021. Analysis of these data shows that the dual classification system is a flexible and robust approach which provides a vocabulary for discussing the creative agency exerted by meme creators in a wide range of communities. We argue that the dual classification system affords researchers the ability to study memes linguistically across a variety of platforms and over time.
Children are more sensitive to the Recursive Set-Subset Ordering than to Adjective Ordering Restrictions
Authors: Bleotu Adina Camelia , Roeper Tom 
Published: May 2022

The current paper investigates experimentally whether, in a context requiring identifying green leaves out of a set of long leaves, Romanian 4-year-olds and adults choose to place the Color adjective closer to the noun than the Size adjectives in accordance with a more rigid adjective ordering depending on the (type of) semantic property, or whether they choose to place the Set adjective closer to the noun than the Subset adjective, irrespective of the semantic property specified by the adjective (Size or Color). We find that both Romanian adults and children are more sensitive to the Set-Subset distinction, preferring to refer to the subset of green leaves out of a set of long leaves through frunzele mari verzi ‘the green long leaves’. We argue that adjectives are primarily ordered by a Recursive Set-Subset Ordering Constraint (RSSO), while orderings of adjectives in terms of properties such as Size and Color are cognitive.
“You don’t know nothin’ bout no Earth, Wind, and Fire”: Reexamining negative concord and definiteness in African American English
Authors: Hall Christopher , Jones Taylor 
Published: May 2022

AAE is described as exhibiting negative concord, similar to other varieties of English, in which negation licenses c-commanded n-words as well as Negative Polarity Items (NPIs). Crucially, these are thought to be licensed only when the noun phrase they modify is indefinite. Here, our object of study is an under-described phenomenon in AAE: under certain discourse conditions, AAE licenses no before a definite noun phrase (as in “You don't know nothin’ bout no Kendrick Lamar”). We argue that this phenomenon should not be situated in the syntax (as a previously unattested definite n-word), but rather in pragmatics, as speakers “demote” definite NPs to indefinite as part of a discourse strategy of signaling disagreement with, and rejection of, listener assumptions. This has implications for existing analyses of AAE negation, and for cross-dialect comprehension, camouflage constructions, and linguistic ideologies and discrimination. We also revisit existing canonical examples of AAE negation in light of this new analysis (eg., “it ain't no cat can't get in no coop” in Labov 1972).
Planets Across Space and Time (PAST). III. Morphology of the Planetary Radius Valley as a Function of Stellar Age and Metallicity in the Galactic Context Revealed by the LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler Sample
Authors: Chen Di-Chang , Xie Ji-Wei , Zhou Ji-Lin. , Yang Jia-Yi , Dong Subo , Zhu Zi , Zheng Zheng , Liu Chao , Zong Weikai , Luo Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The radius valley, a dip in the radius distribution of exoplanets at ∼1.9 R
⊕, separates compact rocky super-Earths and sub-Neptunes with lower density. Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the radius valley. Characterizing the radius valley morphology and its correlation to stellar properties will provide crucial observation constraints on its origin mechanism and deepen the understanding of planet formation and evolution. In this paper, the third part of the Planets Across Space and Time series, using the LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler catalog, we perform a systematical investigation into how the radius valley morphology varies in the Galactic context, i.e., thin/thick galactic disks, stellar age, and metallicity abundance ([Fe/H] and [α/Fe]). We find the following: (1) The valley becomes more prominent with the increase of both age and [Fe/H]. (2) The number ratio of super-Earths to sub-Neptunes monotonically increases with age but decreases with [Fe/H] and [α/Fe]. (3) The average radius of planets above the valley (2.1–6 R
⊕) decreases with age but increases with [Fe/H]. (4) In contrast, the average radius of planets below the valley (R < 1.7 R
⊕) is broadly independent of age and metallicity. Our results demonstrate that the valley morphology, as well as the whole planetary radius distribution, evolves on a long timescale of gigayears, and metallicities (not only Fe but also other metal elements, e.g., Mg, Si, Ca, Ti) play important roles in planet formation and in the long-term planetary evolution.
The Physical Properties of the SVS 13 Protobinary System: Two Circumstellar Disks and a Spiraling Circumbinary Disk in the Making
Authors: Diaz-Rodriguez Ana K. , Anglada Guillem , Blázquez-Calero Guillermo , Osorio Mayra , Gómez José F. , Fuller Gary A. , Estalella Robert , Torrelles José M. , Cabrit Sylvie , Rodríguez Luis F. , Lefèvre Charlène , Macías Enrique , Carrasco-González Carlos , Zapata Luis A. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo Itziar , Ho Paul T. P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present Very Large Array (VLA) and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the close (0.″3 = 90 au separation) protobinary system SVS 13. We detect two small circumstellar disks (radii ∼12 and ∼9 au in dust, and ∼30 au in gas) with masses of ∼0.004–0.009 M
☉ for VLA 4A (the western component) and ∼0.009–0.030 M
☉ for VLA 4B (the eastern component). A circumbinary disk with prominent spiral arms extending ∼500 au and a mass of ∼0.052 M
☉ appears to be in the earliest stages of formation. The dust emission is more compact and with a very high optical depth toward VLA 4B, while toward VLA 4A the dust column density is lower, allowing the detection of stronger molecular transitions. We infer rotational temperatures of ∼140 K, on scales of ∼30 au, across the whole source, and a rich chemistry. Molecular transitions typical of hot corinos are detected toward both protostars, being stronger toward VLA 4A, with several ethylene glycol transitions detected only toward this source. There are clear velocity gradients, which we interpret in terms of infall plus rotation of the circumbinary disk, and pure rotation of the circumstellar disk of VLA 4A. We measured orbital proper motions and determined a total stellar mass of 1 M
☉. From the molecular kinematics, we infer the geometry and orientation of the system, and stellar masses of ∼0.26 M
☉ for VLA 4A and ∼0.60 M
☉ for VLA 4B.
New Mass Estimates for Massive Binary Systems: A Probabilistic Approach Using Polarimetric Radiative Transfer
Authors: Fullard Andrew G. , O’Brien John T. , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E. , Shrestha Manisha , Hoffman Jennifer L. , Ignace Richard , van der Smagt Patrick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the evolution of massive binary stars requires accurate estimates of their masses. This understanding is critically important because massive star evolution can potentially lead to gravitational-wave sources such as binary black holes or neutron stars. For Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars with optically thick stellar winds, their masses can only be determined with accurate inclination angle estimates from binary systems which have spectroscopic

M
sin
i

measurements. Orbitally phased polarization signals can encode the inclination angle of binary systems, where the WR winds act as scattering regions. We investigated four Wolf–Rayet + O star binary systems, WR 42, WR 79, WR 127, and WR 153, with publicly available phased polarization data to estimate their masses. To avoid the biases present in analytic models of polarization while retaining computational expediency, we used a Monte Carlo radiative-transfer model accurately emulated by a neural network. We used the emulated model to investigate the posterior distribution of the parameters of our four systems. Our mass estimates calculated from the estimated inclination angles put strong constraints on existing mass estimates for three of the systems, and disagree with the existing mass estimates for WR 153. We recommend a concerted effort to obtain polarization observations that can be used to estimate the masses of WR binary systems and increase our understanding of their evolutionary paths.
The Double Detonation of a Double-degenerate System, from Type Ia Supernova Explosion to its Supernova Remnant
Authors: Ferrand Gilles , Tanikawa Ataru , Warren Donald C. , Nagataki Shigehiro , Safi-Harb Samar , Decourchelle Anne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe) are believed to be caused by the thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf (WD), but the nature of the progenitor system(s) is still unclear. Recent theoretical and observational developments have led to renewed interest in double-degenerate models, in particular the “helium-ignited violent merger” or “dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation” (D6). In this paper we take the output of an existing D6 SN model and carry it into the supernova remnant (SNR) phase up to 4000 yr after the explosion, past the time when all the ejecta have been shocked. Assuming a uniform ambient medium, we reveal specific signatures of the explosion mechanism and spatial variations intrinsic to the ejecta. The first detonation produces an ejecta tail visible at early times, while the second detonation leaves a central density peak in the ejecta that is visible at late times. The SNR shell is off-center at all times, because of an initial velocity shift due to binary motion. The companion WD produces a large conical shadow in the ejecta, visible in projection as a dark patch surrounded by a bright ring. This is a clear and long-lasting feature that is localized, and its impact on the observed morphology is dependent on the viewing angle of the SNR. These results offer a new way to diagnose the explosion mechanism and progenitor system using observations of a Type Ia SNR.
Centrally Concentrated H i Distribution Enhances Star Formation in Galaxies
Authors: Yu 余 Niankun 捻坤 , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We use a sample of 13,511 nearby galaxies from the ALFALFA and Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic surveys to study the relation between the spatial distribution of H i 21 cm emission and star formation rate (SFR). We introduce a new nonparametric quantity K, measured from the curve of growth of the line, to describe the shape of the integrated H i profile. The value of K increases from double-horned to single-peaked profiles, depending on projection effects and the spatial and velocity distribution of the gas. Using carefully chosen samples to control for the competing factors that influence the integrated line profile, we argue that useful inferences can be made on the spatial distribution of the gas. We find that galaxies with a high value of K tend to have more centrally concentrated H i distribution within the optical disk of the galaxy at fixed conditions, and that larger values of K are associated with higher levels of total and central SFR. The results suggest that the global concentration of H i plays an important role in facilitating the conversion of neutral atomic hydrogen to molecular hydrogen gas, which, in turn, affects the star formation activity throughout the optical disk. Our sample is biased against quiescent galaxies, and thus the conclusions may not hold for galaxies with low SFR or low H i content.
The Nonuniformity of Poleward Flux Transport on the Solar Surface: A Statistical Method Applied to Solar Cycles 21–24
Authors: Wang Zi-Fan , Jiang Jie , Wang Jing-Xiu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The poleward migration of the active regions’ magnetic flux on the solar surface plays an important role in the development of the large-scale field development, especially the polar-field reversal, which is a key process in the Babcock–Leighton-type solar dynamos. The poleward flux transport is nonuniform, centered around poleward surges as suggested by previous observations. The strong, long-lasting surges are related to activity complexes, and often result in violent polar-field reversal. However, the nonuniformity of poleward flux transport has not been evaluated quantitatively. We propose a statistical method to analyze the poleward flux transport during solar cycles 21–24 by considering the frequency distributions of the magnetic field at latitudes of poleward surges occurring during solar cycles. The nonuniformity is quantified as the kurtosis statistics representing the tailedness of the distributions. We test the method on results of surface flux transport simulations, and apply it to WSO, National Solar Observatory, MWO, and HMI data. We confirm that the poleward surges are of significance during solar cycles 21–24 in general. The kurtosis within a solar cycle is affected by different latitudes of the magnetic field and different data sources. The southern hemisphere of cycle 24 exhibits the largest kurtosis, agreeing with the super-surge concept from previous work. The significant nonuniformity of poleward flux transport originates from the nonrandomness of active regions, which favors the activity complexes as the origin of poleward surges.
Recovering the CMB Signal with Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Guo-Jian , Shi Hong-Liang , Yan Ye-Peng , Xia Jun-Qing , Zhao Yan-Yun , Li Si-Yu , Li Jun-Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cosmic microwave background (CMB), carrying the inhomogeneous information of the very early universe, is of great significance for understanding the origin and evolution of our universe. However, observational CMB maps contain serious foreground contaminations from several sources, such as Galactic synchrotron and thermal dust emissions. Here, we build a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to recover the tiny CMB signal from various huge foreground contaminations. Focusing on CMB temperature fluctuations, we find that the CNN model can successfully recover the CMB temperature maps with high accuracy, and that the deviation of the recovered power spectrum C

ℓ
is smaller than the cosmic variance at ℓ > 10. We then apply this method to the current Planck observations, and find that the recovered CMB is quite consistent with that disclosed by the Planck Collaboration, which indicates that the CNN method can provide a promising approach to the component separation of CMB observations. Furthermore, we test the CNN method with simulated CMB polarization maps based on the CMB-S4 experiment. The result shows that both the EE and BB power spectra can be recovered with high accuracy. Therefore, this method will be helpful for the detection of primordial gravitational waves in current and future CMB experiments. The CNN is designed to analyze two-dimensional images, thus this method is not only able to process full-sky maps, but also partial-sky maps. Therefore, it can also be used for other similar experiments, such as radio surveys like the Square Kilometer Array.
Économie verte : marchandiser la planète pour la sauver ?
Authors: ETC Group  , Heinrich Böll Foundation  , Carlier Marielle 
Published: May 2022

L’avènement d’une nouvelle génération de technologies « vertes » serait la solution aux crises multiples qui menacent l’humanité et la planète. Les nouveaux gisements de profit que la bioéconomie laisse entrevoir reconfigurent le jeu d’alliances entre grands groupes industriels – les biomassters 3 . Le passé récent nous enseigne cependant que cette vision monopolistique et techniciste du changement est lourde de risques et de déconvenues.
Spiritual Care Competence of Nurses
Authors: Özakar Akça Selen , Gülnar Emel , Özveren Hüsna 
Published: May 2022

Background
Health care has become more patient centered, and spiritual care has become more critical during the past several decades because researchers have identified associations between met spiritual needs and positive health outcomes. This study investigated nurses' spiritual care competence.

Method
A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was used. The study sample consisted of 201 nurses of a training and research hospital. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS).

Results

The participants had a mean age of 27.62 ± 5.28 years. They had a mean SCCS score of 3.88 ± 0.50. Three factors affected participants' spiritual care competence. First, head nurses had a higher mean SCCS score than nurses (4.16 ± 0.26 vs. 3.87 ± 0.50). Second, participants who met patients' spiritual care needs had a higher mean SCCS score than those who could not (4.02 ± 0.54 vs. 3.09 ± 1.12). Third, participants who could diagnose patients for spiritual care had a higher mean SCCS score than those who could not (
p
< .05).

Conclusion

These nurses had above-average spiritual care competence. Universities and health care institutions should provide nurses with training to help them develop spiritual care competence.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(5):225–231.]
Strategic Design and reality levels: scenarios as prisms for creating possible futures
Authors: Guglieri Alessandra Dias 
Published: May 2022

Strategic Design, when seen as a metaprojectual methodological approach, continuously expands its meaning effects, creating projects that intervene in systems for sociocultural transformation. It carries an open vision of design, permeated by the reflexive dominion (BENTZ, 2014), which welcomes the arbitrary character and the multiplicity of interactions, uncertainties, indeterminations and random phenomena (MORIN, 2015). Such intervention allows the creation of scenarios as a process guided by the imagination of other possible realities and contemplate the systems in the perspective of their openness. In this sense, the epistemological vision that integrates open systems, as well as the perspective of Strategic Design, joins the Transdisciplinarity method to discuss the elaboration of scenarios from the different reality levels. Guided by an abductive reasoning this method considers the existence of an invariable set of systems under the action of several General Laws, which constitutes more than one reality, without necessarily having a discontinuity separating them (NICOLESCU, 1999). Called the Principle of the Included Third, this conception permeated by the interdependence of simultaneous realities, leads to the elaboration of prismatic scenarios by their spectral character, and brings light to different but complementary perspectives, as well as the colors reflected in optical dispersive prisms.