bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcephaly as observed in the late 19th century cemetery of the Meerenberg psychiatric hospital: Diagnostic issues and the value of population‐specific data
Authors: Mank Elise , de Boer Hans H. , Versluis Judith M. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , van der Merwe Alie E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrocephaly, characterized by crania with an abnormally small occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), is only sporadically described in paleopathological literature. Accurate identification of individuals suffering from microcephaly is challenging when performed in an archeological context, especially in mild cases, as appropriate reference data are often not available. This study aimed to describe the craniometric characteristics of the Meerenberg (MeB) skeletal collection and to identify microcephalic individuals while focusing on the diagnostic criteria and the influence of reference data on the prevalence of the condition. The value of virtual endocasts as a diagnostic tool was also assessed. Forty‐eight adults (1891–1936) excavated from the cemetery of the MeB psychiatric hospital (Bloemendaal, The Netherlands) were investigated. Microcephalic individuals were identified by using the craniometric characteristics of a contemporary Dutch archeological population as reference. In order to investigate the usefulness of modern clinical head circumference reference data on the diagnostic process, cranial OFCs of the MeB individuals were converted to head OFCs. Virtual endocasts were created from the identified microcephalics and three normocephalics. Three MeB females (all <−3 SD) were identified as microcephalic when compared with a sex‐matched contemporary archeological reference sample. The same three MeB females were classified as microcephalic when using sex‐matched modern clinical reference data and when applying −3 SD of the pooled sex archeological craniometric reference data as cut‐off point. No individuals were classified as microcephalic based on the metric characteristics of the virtual endocasts. Microcephaly can only be accurately identified when using sex‐matched contemporary population reference data, or in its absence, modern clinical data after soft tissue correction. Should sex estimation be unreliable, a –3 SD cut‐off point generated using pooled sex reference data seems suitable as diagnostic tool. Virtual endocast did not support the identification of microcephaly in this study.
Predicting Enthalpy of Formation of Energetic Compounds by Machine Learning: Comparison of Featurization Methods and Algorithms
Authors: Tian Xiaolan , Qi Xiujuan , Wang Yi , Wu Junnan , Song Siwei , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is an emerging approach for predicting molecular properties. The prediction of the properties of energetic molecules by ML is still in its infancy. In order to improve the accuracy of ML‐based predictions, it is important to pay attention to aspects such as data preparation, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning. In this work, we focused on the influence of different featurization methods and algorithms on predicting the enthalpy of formation (EOF) of energetic compounds. We manually extracted a dataset consisting of 649 EOF values of energetic materials from the literature and compared different combinations of featurization methods and algorithms. The experimental results confirmed that ML can effectively map the relationship between molecular structure and EOF. Custom descriptor sets were found to perform best in featurization with a mean absolute error of 90.10 kJ mol−1, after training by kernel ridge regression algorithm.
The relationship of respiratory functions and respiratory muscle strength with trunk control, functional capacity, and functional independence in post‐stroke hemiplegic patients
Authors: Boz Kübra , Saka Seda , Çetinkaya İrem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory system involvement and early fatigue observed in stroke patients complicate the rehabilitation process and affect their ability to perform daily activities and functional independence.AimIt was aimed to determine the relationship between respiratory functions and respiratory muscle strength with trunk control, functional capacity, and functional independence in hemiplegic patients after stroke.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five volunteers who were diagnosed with post‐stroke hemiplegia were included in the study. Sociodemographic and physical characteristics were recorded. Pulmonary function test (PFT), respiratory muscle strength, Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Timed‐Up and Go Test (TUG), and Barthel Index (BI) were applied.ResultsThere was a moderate negative correlation between TUG scores and PFT results (r = 0.413–0.502; p = 0.011–0.04), except for PEF (%) and FEV1/FVC. Also, there were statistically significant correlation between TIS scores and FEV1(%) (r = 0.505; p = 0.012), FVC(%) (r = 0.449; p = 0.024). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant relationship between BI results and any parameter of the PFT (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between respiratory muscle strength and TUG, TIS, BI (p > 0.05).ConclusionIt has been shown that respiratory functions are associated with functional capacity and trunk control. However, it was found that there was no relationship between respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity, trunk control, and functional independence. It is thought that considering these parameters in the assessment of patients will contribute to the creation of individual and effective rehabilitation programs. The respiratory system should be systematically assessed in stroke rehabilitation and considered as part of a holistic approach.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT05290649 (retrospectively registered) (clinicaltrials.gov).
Hexafluoroisopropanol decreases liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by downregulation of high mobility group box‐1 protein
Authors: Vintimilla Moscoso Agustin , Figueira Estela Regina Ramos , Rocha‐Filho Joel Avancini , Urner Martin , Lanchotte Cinthia , Jukemura Jose , Ximenes Jorge Luiz Saraiva , Nahas Sergio Carlos , D'Albuquerque Luiz Augusto Carneiro , Galvao Flavio Henrique Ferreira 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiver ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with poor outcome after liver transplantation and liver resections. Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a tri‐fluorinated metabolites of volatile anesthetics and has modulatory effects on inflammation that have been observed mainly in cell culture experiments. In this survey, we investigated the effects of HFIP in a rat model of normothermic hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury. Twenty‐four male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: (1) control in which animals were submitted to 30 min of partial liver ischemia with resection of non‐ischemic liver lobes immediate after reperfusion, (2) pre‐ischemia (PI) group in which animals received intravenous HFIP (67 mg/kg) 5 min before liver ischemia, and (3) pre‐reperfusion (PR) group in which animals received intravenous HFIP (67 mg/kg) 5 min before reperfusion. Four hours after reperfusion, all animals were euthanized for sample collection. Aspartate and alanine transaminases, glucose, and high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB‐1) protein concentrations showed a significant decreased, and malondialdehyde was increased in the PR group compared with control and PI groups. Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) was increased in the PI group compared with control and PR groups. IL‐10 and ‐12 were increased in the PR and PI groups, respectively, when compared with the control group. Glucose decreased in the PR when compared with the control group. Post‐conditioning with HFIP led to a decrease in hepatocellular injury and was associated with a downregulation of HMGB‐1. The HFIP resulted in a better control of inflammatory response to ischemia–reperfusion even without causing a reduction in oxidative stress.
Statistical modeling approaches for the comparison of dissolution profiles
Authors: Pourmohamad Tony , Ng Hon Keung Tony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDissolution studies are a fundamental component of pharmaceutical drug development, yet many studies rely upon the and model‐independent approach that is not capable of accounting for uncertainty in parameter estimation when comparing dissolution profiles. In this paper, we deal with the issue of uncertainty quantification by proposing several model‐dependent approaches for assessing the similarity of two dissolution profiles. We take a statistical modeling approach and allow the dissolution data to be modeled using either a Dirichlet distribution, gamma process model, or Wiener process model. These parametric forms are shown to be reasonable assumptions that are capable of modeling dissolution data well. Furthermore, based on a given statistical model, we are able to use the difference factor and similarity factor to test the equivalency of two dissolution profiles via bootstrap confidence intervals. Illustrations highlighting the success of our methods are provided for both Monte Carlo simulation studies, and real dissolution data sets.
Quantum information of the modified Mobius squared plus Eckart potential
Authors: Njoku Ifeanyi J. , Onyeocha Emeka , Onyenegecha Chibueze P. , Onuoha Modestus , Egeonu Eugene K. , Nwaokafor Placid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe quantum information measures and complexity of the modified Mobius squared plus Eckart (MMSE) potential are presented in this paper. First, the energy eigenvalues and wave function of the system are obtained from the approximate solutions of the Schrödinger equation via the parametric Nikiforov‐Uvarov (pNU) method. Using the wave function, the Shannon entropy, Onicescu information energy and Fisher information of the system are examined for two low‐lying states along with the modified Lopez‐Ruiz‐Mancini‐Calbet (LMC) complexity and Heisenberg uncertainty relation. The results of the work point to the fact that the radial (momentum) probability density peak shifts to lower (higher) values with increase in the screening parameter. Furthermore, the Bialynicki‐Birula and Mycielski (BBM) inequality, the lower bound of the modified LMC complexity, the Fisher information sum inequality and the Stam‐Cramer‐Rao inequality are verified for the system. Also, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is verified for the MMSE potential and the existence of squeezed states is observed for both position and momentum states.
Non‐lethal sampling does not misrepresent trophic level or dietary sources for Sagmariasus verreauxi (eastern rock lobster)
Authors: Day Jeremy Karl , Knott Nathan Aaron , Swadling Daniel , Ayre David , Huggett Megan , Gaston Troy 
Published: November 2022

RationaleIsotope analysis can be used to investigate the diets of predators based on assimilation of nitrogen and carbon isotopes from prey. Recent work has shown that tissues taken from legs, antennae or abdomen of lobsters can give different indications of diet, but this has never been evaluated for Sagmariasus verreauxi (eastern rock lobster). Work is now needed to prevent erroneous conclusions being drawn about lobster food webs, and undertaking this work could lead to developing non‐lethal sampling methodologies. Non‐lethal sampling for lobsters is valuable both ethically and for areas of conservation significance such as marine reserves.MethodWe evaluated this by dissecting 76 lobsters and comparing δ13C and δ15N isotope values in antennae, leg and abdomen tissue from the same individuals ranging from 104 to 137 mm carapace length. Stable isotope values were determined using a Europa EA GSL elemental analyser coupled with Hydra 20–20 Isoprime IRMS.ResultsWe found the abdomen δ13C values to be lower than other tissues by 0.3 ± 0.2‰ for antennae tissue and 0.1 ± 0.2‰ δ13C for leg tissues, whereas for δ15N, no significant difference between tissues was observed. There was no significant effect of lobster size or sex, though we did observe interactions between month and tissue type, indicating that differences may be seasonal. Importantly, the detected range of isotopic variability between tissues is within the range of uncertainty used for discrimination factors in isotopic Bayesian modelling of 0‰–1.0‰ for δ13C and 3.0‰–4.0‰ for δ15N.ConclusionsWe show that S. verreauxi can be sampled non‐lethally with mathematical corrections applied for δ13C, whereas any tissue is suitable for δ15N. Our results indicate that a walking leg is most favourable and would also be the least intrusive for the lobster. The application of non‐lethal sampling provides avenues for the contribution of citizen science to understanding lobster food webs and to undertake fieldwork in ecologically sensitive areas such as marine reserves.
Neural learning control of missile interception against dynamics uncertainty and target evasive maneuver
Authors: Yan Tian , Guo YuYan , Li QuanCheng , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe integrated guidance and control (IGC) design for the advanced interceptors against targets in progress of implementing evasive maneuvers is investigated. During interception, the target's unknown maneuver accelerations, and the extra angle of attack (AOA) caused by wind effects, are considered as disturbances. For the sake of enough hit‐to‐kill accuracy under multisource disturbances, the neural networks (NNs) and disturbance observer (DOB) are applied to solve the model inaccuracy and external disturbance. As a result, a novel DOB‐based neural controller can accomplish high tracking accuracy and hit‐to‐kill interception performance can be accomplished. Simulations studies demonstrate the validity and advantage bring by the DOB‐based neural control.
Electrochemical Reconstruction of NiFe/NiFeOOH Superparamagnetic Core/Catalytic Shell Heterostructure for Magnetic Heating Enhancement of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Peng Dongquan , Hu Ce , Luo Xingfang , Huang Jinli , Ding Yan , Zhou Wenda , Zhou Hang , Yang Yong , Yu Ting , Lei Wen , Yuan Cailei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough (oxy)hydroxides generated by electrochemical reconstruction (EC‐reconstruction) of transition‐metal catalysts exhibit highly catalytic activities, the amorphous nature fundamentally impedes the electrochemical kinetics due to its poor electrical conductivity. Here, EC‐reconstructed NiFe/NiFeOOH core/shell nanoparticles in highly conductive carbon matrix based on the pulsed laser deposition prepared NiFe nanoparticles is successfully confined. Electrochemical characterizations and first‐principles calculations demonstrate that the reconstructed NiFe/NiFeOOH core/shell nanoparticles exhibit high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic activity (a low overpotential of 342.2 mV for 10 mA cm−2) and remarkable durability due to the efficient charge transfer in the highly conductive confined heterostructure. More importantly, benefit from the superparamagnetic nature of the reconstructed NiFe/NiFeOOH core/shell nanoparticles, a large OER improvement is achieved (an ultralow overpotential of 209.2 mV for 10 mA cm−2) with an alternating magnetic field stimulation. Such OER improvement can be attributed to the Néel relaxation related magnetic heating effect functionalized superparamagnetic NiFe cores, which are generally underutilized in reconstructed core/shell nanoparticles. This work demonstrates that the designed superparamagnetic core/shell nanoparticles, combined with the large improvement by magnetic heating effect, are expected to be highly efficient OER catalysts along with the confined structure guaranteed high conductivity and catalytic stability.
Triply Hiding Optical Information via Excitation‐Dependent Allochroic Photoluminescence Based on Cellulose Derivates
Authors: Shi Zhenxu , Zhao Weiwei , Zhang Yue , Yang Dimei , Gan Lin , Huang Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOptical encryption technologies are widely used in information security, whereas the technology with one single optical secret key can be easily cracked. Here, a triple encryption is reported, which hides patterned information in excitation‐dependent allochroic materials with long afterglow, enhancing the security level. The allochroic materials are based on a uniaxial co‐assembly structure of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and silica. The assembled CNCs present blue emission with quantum yield of 19.8% under 367 nm UV radiation. The blue emission is maintained in the inverse structure when CNCs are calcinated and converted to carbon dots (CDs). The inverse uniaxial‐assembly structure improves the CD emission by 6.7 times. The assembly structure can even improve the phosphorescence of CDs, leading to excellent excitation‐dependent allochroic properties. Specifically, the materials maintain a cyan long afterglow luminescence at 480 nm after removing 365 nm UV light, whose lifetime is 0.492 s. Changing the excitation wavelength to 254 nm, a UV emission at 343 nm can be obtained, alongside a blue long afterglow luminescence of 420 nm, whose lifetime is 1.574 s. Combining with blue afterglow materials, optical encryption labels are prepared, which hide different patterned information in three scenarios: natural light, UV light, and afterglow luminescence.
Highly Sensitive Broadband Phototransistors Based on Gradient Tin/Lead Mixed Perovskites
Authors: Loi Hok‐Leung , Cao Jiupeng , Liu Chun‐Ki , Xu Yang , Li Mitch Guijun , Yan Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHighly sensitive broadband photodetectors are critical to numerous cutting‐edge technologies such as biomedical imaging, environment monitoring, and night vision. Here, phototransistors based on mixed Sn/Pb perovskites are reported, which demonstrate ultrahigh responsivity, gain and specific detectivity in a broadband from ultraviolet to near‐infrared region. The interface properties of the perovskite phototransistors are optimized by a special three‐step cleaning‐healing‐cleaning treatment, leading to a high hole mobility in the channel. The highly sensitive performance of the mixed Sn/Pb perovskite phototransistors can be attributed to the vertical compositional heterojunction automatically formed during the film deposition, which is helpful for the separation of photocarriers thereby enhancing a photogating effect in the perovskite channel. This work demonstrates a convenient approach to achieving high‐performance phototransistors through tuning compositional gradient in mixed‐metal perovskite channels.
Lattice Distortions and Multiple Valence Band Convergence Contributing to High Thermoelectric Performance in MnTe
Authors: Xiong Wenjie , Wang Zhichao , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Chong , Yin Liangcao , Gong Yaru , Zhang Qingtang , Li Shuang , Liu Qingfeng , Wang Peng , Zhang Yongsheng , Tang Guodong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere, a new route is proposed for the minimization of lattice thermal conductivity in MnTe through considerable increasing phonon scattering by introducing dense lattice distortions. Dense lattice distortions can be induced by Cu and Ag dopants possessing large differences in atom radius with host elements, which causes strong phonon scattering and results in extremely low lattice thermal conductivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Cu and Ag codoping enables multiple valence band convergence and produces a high density of state values in the electronic structure of MnTe, contributing to the large Seebeck coefficient. Cu and Ag codoping not only optimizes the Seebeck coefficient but also substantially increases the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity, resulting in the significant enhancement of power factor. The maximum power factor reaches 11.36 µW cm−1K−2 in Mn0.98Cu0.04Ag0.04Te. Consequently, an outstanding ZT of 1.3 is achieved for Mn0.98Cu0.04Ag0.04Te by these synergistic effects. This study provides guidelines for developing high‐performance thermoelectric materials through the rational design of effective dopants.
Influence of sustained loading on resistance and deformation capacity of reinforced concrete members in compression
Authors: Malja Xhemsi , Ebrahimi Motlagh Hamid Reza , Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Muttoni Aurelio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs acknowledged explicitly or implicitly in most of current design codes, a high level of sustained loading has a detrimental effect on the concrete compressive strength. However, its beneficial effect in terms of deformation capacity is neglected in most cases. This latter topic and its practical consequences are addressed in the present paper on the basis of an experimental and theoretical investigation. In particular, the development of nonlinear creep strains in structural concrete members is investigated, clarifying the internal redistribution of forces between concrete and the reinforcement. The results of an experimental program with refined measurements are presented to better understand the phenomenon and to verify the predictions of a mechanical model developed by the authors on the time‐dependent response of concrete. The experimental program consists of 14 prismatic specimens with different reinforcement ratios tested under a wide range of uniaxial stress rates. The results allow clarifying the material response and validating the mechanical model, both in terms of strength reduction and enhancement of deformation capacity. Finally, the results of parametric analyses, performed considering different concrete ages, reinforcement ratios, and materials properties are presented to evaluate the practical implications of the findings.
Diversity in freshwater life history in spring and summer Chinook Salmon from the Fraser River, Canada
Authors: Bradford Michael J. , Taylor Garth C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
We describe juvenile migration tactics for spring/summer-run populations of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that spawn in tributaries of the Fraser River, Canada.

Methods
We trapped juveniles migrating from tributaries, and sampled juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in the Fraser River.

Result
In four tributaries, we found two dominant life history types within each population: a natal-stream-rearing variant in which juveniles spend a year in their natal stream before migrating to the sea as yearling smolts; and a fry migrant variant in which juveniles disperse downstream from spawning areas to the Fraser River main stem soon after emergence. In a fifth tributary, where flows are regulated, juveniles migrated as parr later in the spring. Juveniles colonized the Fraser River main stem in spring and were distributed throughout the accessible length of the main stem. Their relative density in nearshore habitats was similar to that observed in other rivers. Migrants spend up to a year in the main stem before smolting as yearlings.

Conclusion
The extensive year-round use of the Fraser River main stem appears to be unique among Chinook Salmon-producing watersheds, likely due to favorable environmental conditions in the main stem during the spring and summer months. The diversity of habitats used by these populations is an important consideration for the design of conservation programs that are intended to maintain or improve freshwater productivity.