bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra and Anatomic Orientation of Sacrum that could be applied as a Peroperative Indicator for Lumbosacral Surgery:Anterior Transitional Arch (ATA1) - Anterior Transitional Angle (ATA2)
Authors: ATABEY Cem , GUNAYDIN Ahmet , EROGLU Ahmet , OZDEMİR Meltem , SANLI Ahmet Metin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PurposeSacral slope (SS), Lumbar lordosis (LL), Pelvic tilt (PT), Pelvic incidence (PI), Sagittal vertical axis (SVA) measurements regarding anatomical structure and orientation of the lumbosacral region are very important for surgical planning and postoperative follow-up of patients. The lumbosacral transitional vertebra, which is determinant in the formation of these measurements, is effective the sacral vertebra shape and can show various anatomical variations, referred to as "sacralized L5" or "lumbarized S1". MethodsThese variations can significantly alter the sacral surface longitudinally concave on the ventral side and convexity on the dorsal side, which are observed under normal conditions. Therefore, during surgical planning in the spine, the sacrum should be determined radiologically and the vertebrae should be counted correctly. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a practical use for determining the orientation of the sacrum for sagittal balance calculation, and to recognize the sacralized L5 or lumbarized S1 segment as LSTV to avoid incorrect level surgery.ResultsMetrologically, a new index was created using the "Anterior Translational Arch (ATA1)" distance and the "Anterior Translational Angle (ATA2)" angle. 527 cases (83.3%) with anatomically normal sacrum, 35 cases (5.5%) with lumbalization and 71 cases (11.2%) with sacralization were evaluated using this index.ConclusionAs a conclusion, the index calculated in terms of “Anterior Translational Arch (ATA1)” distance and “Anterior Translational Angle (ATA2)” provides a simple measurement to determine the transitional vertebra.
Sodium thiosulfate improves the severity of atopic dermatitis by downregulating IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations
Authors: Zeng Yilan , Yang shengbo , Liu Yuanhong , Tang Ziting , Zong Xiule , Li Xuemei , Wang Dan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease that has a considerable impact on the affected individual’s quality of life. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is a traditional medicine that seems to improve the severity of lesions and relieve the symptoms of AD through clinical observation. However, the exact efficacy and mechanism of its application with AD are not clear.Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients hospitalized with moderate or severe atopic dermatitis. Patients who received standard of care (control group) were compared with patients who additionally received STS 0.64 mg once daily (STSQD) and STS 0.64 mg twice daily (STSBID) via intravenous injection. The severity of AD was assessed by the IGA score, EASI score and SCORAD score. Cytokine, eosinophil and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured before and after treatment. The efficacy was assessed by EASI50 and EASI75.Results A total of 60 patients were enrolled, 20 patients in each group respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups in sex, age, or IGA, EASI, or SCORAD score before treatment. Treatment with STS led to greater improvement with higher EASI50 and EASI75 scores on the date of discharge compared to the control group. At the end of treatment, the SCORAD and EASI scores in the STS BID group and the STS QD group decreased much more than that in the control group. Greater reductions in peripheral blood eosinophil counts and IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations were also observed in the STS treatment group than in the control group.Conclusion STS in combination with standard care improves the signs and symptoms of AD by downregulating concentrations of IgE, eosinophils, and type 2 proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. STS is a cheap and reliable medicine for AD.
Detections of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water, Sediment, and Fish Samples in Lake Tana and Lake Hayqe, Ethiopia
Authors: Tibebe Dessie , Fentie Tarekegn , Akele M. L. , Mulugeta Marye , Kokeb Addis , Yenealem Dereje , Kahaliw Asresie , Moges Zerubabel , Kassa Yezbie , Adane Tsegaye 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides considered as a global threat to the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. Most developing countries including Ethiopia are burdened with these toxic and persistent pesticides due to their wider used for agricultural pest and malaria control. The present study was aimed to investigate the concentration of Organochlorine pesticides water, sediment and fish samples in Lakes Tana and Hayqe. Eight samples of each water and sediment and five fish samples were collected. A laboratory based cross sectional study was conducted from Dec 2020 to March 2021 in Lakes Tana and Hayqe. A more sensitive method for the determination of 18 Organochlorine pesticides in water, sediments, and fish samples were adopted using QuEChERS and the analyses were done using GC-MS. Water samples were processed using a liquid–liquid extraction technique and gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Dispersive-solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) was used for fish and sediment samples followed by cleanup and gas chromatograph Mass Spectroscopy. In the method validation, Percent of recovery ranged from 88.4-107.6%. From the result lindane (1.11 µg/L) was recorded the lowest concentration of OCPs in water samples and total endosulfan was the highest (14.97µg/L). In sediment samples, deltamethrin (11.21 µg/kg) was the lowest and endrin (70.42 µg/kg) was the highest OCPs. From fish samples, lindane (12.63 µg/kg) was the lowest and total endosulfan (68.78 µg/kg) was the highest concentration. The ANOVA test and t-test also depicted that the levels of most pesticides were significantly varied with different sampling sites and between Lakes.
Water conductance rather than photosynthesis controls water-use efficiency in Europe
Authors: Terán Christian Poppe , Naz Bibi S. , Graf Alexander , Qu Yuquan , Hendricks-Franssen Harrie-Jan , Baatz Roland , Ciais Philippe , Vereecken Harry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Water-use efficiency (WUE) is one of the major axes of ecosystem functioning and an indicator for ecosystem health, but its variability due to climate change and droughts has not yet been thoroughly understood. Here, we use remote sensing and reanalysis data to map the trends and responses to droughts of three WUE indices from 1995 – 2018 in Europe. Further, we conduct a causal network discovery analysis to identify drivers of in WUE change. We found an increasing trends of photosynthesis per canopy conductance (IWUE) in forests and grasslands. IWUE also increased during droughts over whole Europe but this was not translated into an increase of photosythesis per water evaporated (i.e. increased EWUE). We highlight that the WUE indices are predominantly explained by ecohydrological variability, which underlines the role of water demand and supply to ecosystem function in Europe.
Sugarcane Water Requirement and Yield Projections in Major Producing Regions of China Under Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: ZHU Xiaochen , DONG Hengxin , LI Qiangyu , QIU Xinfa , Sun Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Relative soil moisture is of great significance to the growth and yield of sugarcane. In this study, we use the relative soil moisture from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) to dynamically evaluate the water requirement of sugarcane and its growth adaptability at different growth stages. Based on the data of relative soil moisture, air temperature, precipitation and soil temperature, a sugarcane yield model is established to analyze the projected change trends of sugarcane yield in China from 2020 to 2100 under three future scenarios. Analysis results show that sugarcane requires more water during the elongation stage but less water at the ripening stage. The relative soil moisture from the CLDAS can be used to calculate the proportion of the daily suitable area to the total planting area. The combining of relative soil moisture data and water requirement indicators can better characterize the water requirement during sugarcane growth. Suitable relative soil moisture during the tillering and elongation stages is the most critical factor that directly affects the sugarcane yield. From 2020 to 2100, sugarcane yield will increase first and then decrease sharply. The increase in emissions can lead to an apparent downward trend in sugarcane yield. Based on the CLDAS data and water requirement indicators, a new method for monitoring the sugarcane growth throughout the growth period is proposed in this study. In the SSP370 and SSP460 scenarios, the sugarcane yield showed a downward trend, and there were mutations in 2064 and 2052, respectively. After the mutation, the yield decline trend was more obvious. Under the SSP585 scenario model, the sugarcane production showed an upward trend from 2022 to 2033, and a downward trend after 2033, and a mutation occurred in 2051. After the mutation, the downward trend of sugarcane production was more obvious.
Combination of Immune-Related Network and Subtype-Specific Analysis Define a Three- Gene Panel for Predicting Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jinguo , Pan Shuaikang , Jin Hongwei , Sun Qingqing , Han Xinghua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Recent breakthroughs in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Due to the intrinsic heterogeneity among TNBC, clinical response to ICIs varies greatly among individuals. Thus, discovering rational biomarkers to select susceptible patients for ICIs treatment is warranted.Methods: A total of 422 TNBC patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) dataset were included in this study. High immunogenic gene modules were identified using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Immune-related genes (IRGs) expression patterns were generated by consensus clustering. We developed a three-gene signature named immune-related gene panel (IRGP) by Cox regression method. Afterward, the associations of IRGP with survival outcomes, infiltration of immune cells, drug sensitivity and the response to ICIs therapy were further explored.Results: We found five high immunogenic gene modules. Two distinct IRGclusters and IRG-related genomic clusters were identified. The IRGP was constructed based on TAPBPL, FBP1, and GPRC5C genes. TNBC patients were subdivided into high- and low-IRGriskscore subgroups. TNBC patients with low IRGriskscore had a better survival outcome, higher infiltration of immune cells, lower TP53 mutation rate and more benefit from ICIs treatment than high IRGriskscore patients.Conclusions: These findings offered novel insights into molecular subtype of TNBC and provided potential indicators for guiding ICIs treatment.
An atypical case of Babesia bigemina parasitising a dogfrom a rural area of eastern Mexico
Authors: Bravo-Ramos José L. ,   Sokani Sánchez-Montes2, Ballados-González Gerardo G. , Romero-Salas Dora , Gamboa-Prieto Jannete , Olivares-Muñoz Angélica 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

One dog that shared habitat with domestic animals in a cattle farm and that was exposed to wildlife was taken to a private practitioner for clinical examination. The analyses conducted on the patient revealed a babesiosis due to Babesia bigemina by a molecular test. Clinical signs of the infection were observed in the patient. The animal was treated with imidocarb dipropionate (two doses each 0.5 ml/10 kg b.w. at an interval of 14 days). On treatment day 7, the clinical signs were mostly reduced. On day 30, PCR was carried out to assess the efficacy of the treatment, with a negative result. This case represents the first report of babesiosis due to B. bigemina in a dog living on a cattle farm in Mexico. It indicates the lower host specify of these pathogens and that dogs can play a role as sentinels of vector-borne parasites in livestock animals.
SVM and Naive Bayes for Sentiment Analysis in Arabic
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sentiment analysis has emerged as a powerful method to extract polarization of opinion from text. A vast number of prominent sentiment analysis methods can be categorized into rule-based method, lexicon-based method, machine learning method, and deep learning, and ontology-based method. An increasing interest toward sentiment analysis is motivated, among others, by some successful use cases of sentiment analysis in several domains and availability of enormous data as the result of big data explosion in the past ten years. The objective of this study is to identify some latest study reports that represent various trends of sentiment analysis. We implemented sentiment analysis for Arabic tweets, we applied SVM and Naive Bayes algorithms.
Multiscale and multifactor sea-groundwater interactions in southwestern Mauritania
Authors: Salem Mohamed Ahmed , Leduc Christian , Avoulwatt Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Coastal aquifers in semi-arid zones are particularly exposed to environmental changes because of their low annual recharge and the increasing anthropogenic pressure. This is particularly the case in the Trarza phreatic aquifer (SW Mauritania), which is the uppermost northern part of the great Senegalese-Mauritanian sedimentary basin. The interactions between the Atlantic Ocean and the Tertiary-Quaternary aquifer have evolved considerably during the last millennia and these continuous changes concern the nature and location of processes at work, their intensity and their current consequences. In this vast region with a very flat topography, hydrodynamic and geochemical observations are still rare and currently allow only the main features of recent history to be reconstructed. The analysis of old and recent data reveals that eustatic variations and the annual flood of the Senegal River were in the past the most important factors of equilibrium between fresh water and sea water, even very far from the present coastline. Today, anthropization, in particular hydraulic developments and urbanisation, adds to the complexity of the system. At a more local scale, denser observations in the Nouakchott urban area or in the Diawling natural park provide a better understanding of current dynamics.
Xenobots: Applications in Drug Discovery
Authors: Solanki Nilay , Mahant Sagar , Patel Swayamprakash , Patel Mehul , Shah Umang , Patel Alkesh , Koria Hardik , Patel Ashish 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
This review work discusses the applications of xenobots in drug discovery. These are the
world's first tiny robots that are living. Robots are built of metals and other things that benefit humans
to solve various issues; however, in this case, small xenobots were built utilizing Xenopus
laevis, frog embryonic stem cells in the blastocyte stage. Xenobots were created by combining bioscience,
artificial intelligence, and computer science. Artificial intelligence constructs several forms
of design in an in vitro, In-silico model, after which software analyzes the structure; the most substantial
and most noticeable forms are filtered out. Later in vivo development create the design of the
Petri plate using the MMR solution and makes the same form as the in silico approach. Ultimately
evaluation done based on the behavior, movement, function, and features of xenobots. Xenobots are
employed in medical research, pharmaceutical research to evaluate novel dosage forms, also useful
for biotechnological and environmental research. Xenobots can be utilized to cure neurodegenerative
disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and cancer-related issues because of their selfrepairing
properties, which allow them to repair normal damaged cells, and convey drugs to their
specific target, and reduce cytotoxicity in mostly malignancy circumstances. In the future, new approaches
will be employed to treat chronic illnesses and their complications.
Molecular Mechanism of Qingchang Suppository in the Treatment of Ulcerative
Colitis Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Zhu Lingyu , Lin Zhancheng , Lu Lu 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The study aims to explore the mechanism of Qingchang Suppository in the treatment
of ulcerative colitis from the perspective of network pharmacology.

Methods:
The TCM Pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) were used to determine the
effective components and related target information of the Qingchang Suppository. The main objective is
to search the target genes related to ulcerative colitis using the GeneCards database. The target abbreviation
is transformed into gene number by Perl language. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathway was analyzed by R language. The pharmacological mechanism of Qingchang supply
was discussed, laying the foundation for the next experiment.

Results:
869 indexes of Qingchang Suppository were determined. 368 targets of ulcerative colitis were
obtained. Qingchang Suppository and ulcerative colitis were compared, and 141 overlapping targets were
extracted. The "active ingredient target" network of Qingchang Suppository was constructed. The interaction
between the effective components of Qingchang Suppository and the target of ulcerative colitis was
revealed. The overlapping targets were analyzed for the KEGG pathway and function enrichment to explore
the mechanism of Qingchang Suppository in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Conclusion:
Qingchang Suppository has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multichannel,
which provide a new idea and basis for further study on the mechanism of Qingchang Suppository
in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
The Metabolic Syndrome Puzzles; Possible Pathogenesis and Management
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial pathophysiological process
with complicated homeostatic disorders that arise from various systematic metabolic defects.
Various theories underlie the development of metabolic syndrome but are fully not understood.

Methods:
Revising PubMed and Scopus literature data on metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and
management.

Results:
The most accepted hypothesis is that a cluster of risk factors combined to obtain a truly
metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome depends on the underlying
development path due to insulin resistance or chronic inflammation and is usually combined with
neurohormonal disturbance. Meanwhile, these defects can be inherited via loss of function of certain
genes that lead to severe obesity, early diabetes, or severe insulin resistance (with or without
lipodystrophy). Chronic inflammation is also a driver of metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle is still the
therapy of choice in managing metabolic syndrome, but unfortunately, during the lockdown, most
people could not reserve a healthy regime; therefore, it can also be referred to as a pandemic with
COVID-19.

Conclusions:
This powerful illustration shows how defects in specific encoded proteins located
predominantly in the brain, pancreatic beta-cell, muscle, or fat give rise to these distinct components
of the metabolic syndrome. Primarily, obesity and its sequela are the initiators of metabolic
syndrome. The presence of metabolic syndrome increases the risk and severity of other pathologies'
emergence, even in non-related metabolic syndrome diseases such as COVID-19. The article
provides new insights into the pathogeneses and management of the metabolic syndrome.
Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mihăilă Romeo G. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Substantial progress in the therapeutic arsenal used to treat acute myeloid leukemia became possible in the last decade, as a result of advances in gene editing and descriptive and functional genomics.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of venetoclax in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods:
A mini-review was achieved using the articles published in PubMed and Web of Science in the last year, prior to 05.05.2021, which were searched using the terms “acute myeloid leukemia” and ”venetoclax” and the new patents published in this field.

Results:
BCL-2 inhibitors administered in monotherapy are active against acute myeloid leukemia cells, but their efficacy is partially limited because they do not target other antiapoptotic proteins and venetoclax induced overexpression of the other antiapoptotic molecules. Venetoclax-based combina-tions (including those with hypomethylating agents) were able to improve outcomes for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia, including both remission rates and overall survival. Other drugs used in combination with venetoclax include: FLT3 inhibitors, IDH2 inhibitors, chidamide, ibrutinib, lapa-tinib, mivebresib, triptolide, metabolic inhibitors, nucleoside analogs, and classical chemotherapeu-tics. Both the mechanisms of venetoclax resistance and the ways to overcome it, as well as the adverse effects of venetoclax are analyzed.

Conclusion:
The management of unfit and older patients with acute myeloid leukemia should be personalized and be the result of evaluating patient- and disease-specific factors that are essential to their care. Combinations that include venetoclax are an increasingly well-documented option for many of them.
Biomedical Applications of Polyurethane Hydrogels, Polyurethane Aerogels,
and Polyurethane-graphene Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Saganuwan Saganuwan Alhaji 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The emergence of new diseases poses therapeutic challenges in modern
medicine. Polyurethane hydrogels that comprise polyol, copolymer and extender could be prepared
from diverse chemical compounds with adjuvants such as ascorbic acid and sorbitol, among
others. Their mechano-physicochemical properties are functions of their biological activities.
Therefore, there is a need to assess their therapeutic potentials.

Methods:
Relevant literature on the synthesis and medical uses of polyurethane-hydrogels, polyurethane-
aerogels, and polyurethane-graphene nanocomposite materials was searched in order to
identify their sources, synthesis, mechanical and physiochemical properties, biomedical applications,
chirality, and the relevance of Lipinski's rule of five in the synthesis of oral polyurethane
nanocomposite materials.

Results:
The prepared hydrogels and aerogels could be used as polymer carriers for intradermal,
cutaneous, and intranasal drugs. They can be fabricated and used as prosthetics. In addition, the
strength modulus (tensile stress-tensile strain ratio), biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic
effects of the polyurethane hydrogels and aerogels are highly desirable properties. However,
body and environmental temperatures may contribute to their instability; hence, there is need to
improve the synthesis of aerogels and hydrogels of polyurethane in order to ensure that they can
last for many years. Alcoholism, diabetes, pyrogenic diseases, mechanical and physical forces, and
physiological variability may also reduce the life span of polyurethane aerogels and hydrogels.

Conclusion:
Synthesis of polyurethane hydrogel-aerogel complex that can be used in complex, rare
biomedical cases is of paramount importance. These hydrogels and aerogels may be hydrophobic,
hydrophilic, aerophobic-aerophilic or amphiphilic, and sometimes lipophilic, depending on
structural components and the intended biomedical uses. Polyurethane graphene nanocomposite
materials are used in the treatment of a myriad of diseases, including cancer and bacterial infection.