bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual genetic variability mainly of Proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors, and toll‐like receptors dictates pathophysiology of COVID‐19 disease
Authors: Vakil Mohammad Kazem , Mansoori Yaser , Al‐Awsi Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef , Hosseinipour Ali , Ahsant Samaneh , Ahmadi Sedigheh , Ekrahi Mohammad , Montaseri Zahra , Pezeshki Babak , Mohaghegh Poopak , Sohrabpour Mojtaba , Bahmanyar Maryam , Daraei Abdolreza , Dadkhah Jouybari Tahereh , Tavassoli Alireza , Ghasemian Abdolmajid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInnate and acquired immunity responses are crucial for viral infection elimination. However, genetic variations in coding genes may exacerbate the inflammation or initiate devastating cytokine storms which poses severe respiratory conditions in coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19). Host genetic variations in particular those related to the immune responses determine the patients' susceptibility and COVID‐19 severity and pathophysiology. Gene polymorphisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interferons,TNF,IL1, IL4, IL6, IL7, IL10, andIL17predispose patients to the severe form of COVID‐19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐COV‐2). These variations mainly alter the gene expression and cause a severe response by B cells, T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells participating in a cytokine storm. Moreover, cytokines and chemokines SNPs are associated with the severity of COVID‐19 and clinical outcomes depending on the corresponding effect. Additionally, genetic variations in genes encoding toll‐like receptors (TLRs) mainlyTLR3,TLR7, andTLR9have been related to the COVID‐19 severe respiratory symptoms. The specific relation of these mutations with the novel variants of concern (VOCs) infection remains to be elucidated. Genetic variations mainly within genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors, and TLRs predispose patients to COVID‐19 disease severity. Understanding host immune gene variations associated with the SARS‐COV‐2 infection opens insights to control the pathophysiology of emerging viral infections.
Hyaluronan in articular cartilage: Analysis of hip osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis of femoral head
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Nishida Yoshihiro , Koike Hiroshi , Ito Kan , Zhuo Lisheng , Nishida Kazuki , Kimata Koji , Ikuta Kunihiro , Sakai Tomohisa , Urakawa Hiroshi , Seki Taisuke , Imagama Shiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) plays crucial roles in the maintenance of high‐quality cartilage extracellular matrix. Several studies have reported the HA in synovial fluid in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), but few have described the changes of HA in articular cartilage of OA or idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). KIAA1199 was recently reported to have strong hyaluronidase activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the HA metabolism in OA and ONFH, particularly the involvement of KIAA1199. Immunohistochemical analysis of KIAA1199 and HA deposition was performed for human OA (n = 10), ONFH (n = 10), and control cartilage (n = 7). The concentration and molecular weight (MW) of HA were determined by competitive HA ELISA and Chromatography, respectively. Regarding HA metabolism‐related molecules, HAS1, HAS2, HAS3, HYAL1, HYAL2, and KIAA1199 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Histological analysis showed the overexpression of KIAA1199 in OA cartilage, which was accompanied by decreased hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP) staining compared with ONFH and control. Little KIAA1199 expression was observed in cartilage at the collapsed area of ONFH, which was accompanied by a slight decrease in HABP staining. The messenger RNA (​​​​​mRNA) expression of HAS2 and KIAA1199 was upregulated in OA cartilage, while the mRNA expression of genes related to HA catabolism in ONFH cartilage showed mostly a downward trend. The MW of HA in OA cartilage increased while that in ONFH cartilage decreased. HA metabolism in ONFH is suggested to be generally indolent, and is activated in OA including high expression of KIAA1199. Interestingly, MW of HA in OA cartilage was not reduced.
Separation of ofloxacin enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection using deoxyribonucleic acid oligonucleotides as chiral selectors
Authors: Chao Hufei , Qiu Lin , Zhou Xinpei , Cui Pengfei , Wang Cheng , Hu Huaanzi , Jiang Pengju , Shi Honglei , Xuan Yang , Wang Jianhao 
Published: May 2022

This study used capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection‐ and a partial‐filling mode‐based method for chiral separation of ofloxacin. The deoxyribonucleic acid oligonucleotides with different base sequences were studied as potential chiral selectors including deoxyribonucleic acid tetrahedron, G‐quadruplex, and G‐riched double‐strand deoxyribonucleic acid. Under the optimized conditions, all the deoxyribonucleic acid chiral selectors exhibited excellent chiral separation capabilities with a resolution higher than 1.5. The electrophoretic behavior of the ofloxacin enantiomer might result from the intermediate conjugate with different stabilities between chiral selectors and analytes by a combination of the hydrogen bond and spatial recognition structure. Moreover, satisfactory repeatability regarding run‐to‐run and interday repeatability was obtained, and all the relative standard deviation values of migration times and resolutions were below 4% (n = 6). Conclusively, both spatial structure and arrangement of the G bases potentiated the chiral separation capability of deoxyribonucleic acid for ofloxacin enantiomer. This work offered a stepping stone for enantioseparation using deoxyribonucleic acid as chiral selectors.
Skin manifestations associated with checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Nazzaro Gianluca , Buffon Stefano , Giacalone Serena , Maronese Carlo Alberto , Marzano Angelo Valerio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a relatively novel class of drugs whose administration has been approved for several malignancies. Adverse events are quite common, and the skin is the most frequently involved organ. In fact, regardless of the neoplasm being treated, more than 50% of patients receiving ICIs develop cutaneous immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), with variable time to onset and severity. Potential pathogenetic mechanisms include drug‐induced formation of neoantigens, unmasking of hidden self‐antigens, and diffuse keratinocyte apoptosis induced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation. Risk of cutaneous irAEs seems to be higher after anti‐CTLA‐4 rather than anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 agent administration and rises in case of combination therapy. Furthermore, incidence of skin toxicity increases in the presence of specific malignancies (i.e., advanced melanoma) and pre‐existing dermatoses or autoimmune diseases, while the possible role of ethnicity is still unclear. Aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of cutaneous irAEs and provide the clinician with a detailed clinical and histopathological description of the following types of skin toxicity: inflammatory dermatoses, immunobullous diseases, alterations of melanocytes, alterations of keratinocytes, hair abnormalities, oral and nail involvement. Particular attention is given to practical management of the different cutaneous irAEs, including detailed information about treatment regimens and necessity for ICI discontinuation. Patients should always receive multidisciplinary care, especially in severe or recalcitrant cases. The role of the dermatologists remains pivotal, particularly with regard to differential diagnosis and management of complex skin toxicity, as well as regular long‐term follow‐up of the patient's conditions.
Tumor Satellites Are Associated With Poor Outcome in Patients With Oral Cancer
Authors: Yosefof Eyal , Tzelnick Sharon , Wallach Leemor , Miller Yuval , Strenov Yulia , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Mizrachi Aviram 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTumor satellites are defined as islands of tumor cells completely separated from the border of the main tumor. They are believed to be a sign of aggressive disease. Our goal was to investigate the association between tumor satellites and outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma at a university‐affiliated tertiary care center between 2010 and 2018 was performed. Data collected included demographics, clinical and pathological features including tumor satellites, staging, treatment modalities, and outcomes.ResultsA total of 144 patients were included. The mean age of all patients was 63.5 and 50.7% were males. The mean follow‐up time was 40.5 months. Seventeen patients (11.8%) had tumor satellites. These patients had a higher rate of involved margins, peri‐neural invasion, lympho‐vascular invasion, and extra‐nodal extension. Tumor, nodal and overall classification were significantly more advanced in patients with satellites. Disease‐specific and overall survival rates were significantly lower among satellites patients (28.7% vs. 59.7% and 28.7% vs. 54.9%, respectively).ConclusionsTumor satellites are associated with several adverse features and advanced locoregional disease. Patients with satellites should be treated aggressively with a combination of surgery aimed at achieving free surgical margins and adjuvant treatment, as they have a worse prognosis compared with patients without satellites. Further prospective studies are mandatory to consolidate the importance of adjuvant treatment in these patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:336–343, 2023
Epithelial response to vocal fold microflap injury in a preclinical model
Authors: Sayce Lea , Zimmerman Zachary , Gartling Gary , Rousseau Bernard , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesFunctional outcomes following microflap surgery for vocal fold pathology are favorable. Although the stratified squamous epithelium appears to heal rapidly, persistent physiologic tissue alterations are likely. We sought to elucidate key biochemical processes including recruitment of immune cells, regulation of cellular junction proteins, and long‐term alterations to epithelial tissue permeability following microflap with an eye toward enhanced clinical outcomes.MethodsForty New Zealand rabbits were assigned to eight groups (n = 5/group): no‐injury control or bilateral microflap with survival for 0 h, 12 h, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 30 days, and 60 days post‐microflap. The epithelium was dissected from one vocal fold and transepithelial resistance was quantified. The contralateral fold was subjected to transmission electron microscopy. Images were evaluated by a blinded rater and paracellular space dilation was quantified using ImageJ. Immune cell infiltration was evaluated and recorded qualitatively.ResultsIncreased innate immune response was observed 12 h as well as 7 and 30 days after microflap. At 60 days following injury, decreased epithelial resistance was observed. Paracellular spaces were dilated at all time‐points following injury.ConclusionsThe vocal fold epithelium was significantly altered at 60 days following microflap. The implications for this tissue phenotype are unclear. However, compromised epithelial barrier function is implicated in various diseases and may increase the risk of subsequent injury.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:350–356, 2023
Potential role of submerged macrophytes for oxic methane production in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Hilt Sabine , Grossart Hans‐Peter , McGinnis Daniel F. , Keppler Frank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMethane (CH4) from aquatic ecosystems contributes to about half of total global CH4emissions to the atmosphere. Until recently, aquatic biogenic CH4production was exclusively attributed to methanogenic archaea living under anoxic or suboxic conditions in sediments, bottom waters, and wetlands. However, evidence for oxic CH4production (OMP) in freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats is increasing. Possible sources were found to be driven by various planktonic organisms supporting different OMP mechanisms. Surprisingly, submerged macrophytes have been fully ignored in studies on OMP, yet they are key components of littoral zones of ponds, lakes, and coastal systems. High CH4concentrations in these zones have been attributed to organic substrate production promoting classic methanogenesis in the absence of oxygen. Here, we review existing studies and argue that, similar to terrestrial plants and phytoplankton, macroalgae and submerged macrophytes may directly or indirectly contribute to CH4formation in oxic waters. We propose several potential direct and indirect mechanisms: (1) direct production of CH4; (2) production of CH4precursors and facilitation of their bacterial breakdown or chemical conversion; (3) facilitation of classic methanogenesis; and (4) facilitation of CH4ebullition. As submerged macrophytes occur in many freshwater and marine habitats, they are important in global carbon budgets and can strongly vary in their abundance due to seasonal and boom‐bust dynamics. Knowledge on their contribution to OMP is therefore essential to gain a better understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of CH4emissions and thus to substantially reduce current uncertainties when estimating global CH4emissions from aquatic ecosystems.
Quantitative Method Development to Determine Feed Consumption Using a Dye
Authors: Wamboldt James J. , Nelson Justine E. , Thomas Linnea M. , Steiner John N. , Hebert Jillian L. , Erickson Richard A. , Putnam Joel G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although there are many methods to determine ingestion and absorption of aquafeeds, none exist that are simple, cost-effective, and quantitative and that can mark fish with a long-lasting, visible indicator. In addition to aquafeed development, selective baits are needed that can be used for aquatic invasive species removal efforts, including for Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Bait incorporated with a pesticide would allow for selective removal of targeted species. A method to quickly assess multiple bait formulations was developed to expediate development for invasive species management. Incorporation of Sudan Black B (SBB) in aquafeeds at concentrations greater than 75 and 120 mg SBB/kg fish resulted in pigmented external soft tissues of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, respectively, 24 h after consumption. Visual confirmation of consumption was detectable in the gastrointestinal tract at all concentrations tested (≥10 mg SBB/kg) and quantifiable by absorbance measured at 601 nm from extracted SBB in tissues at concentrations less than those required for visual pigmentation. Although SBB was detectable in multiple tissues, fin and mandible tissues yielded the greatest accuracy in estimating consumption from extracted SBB. Compared with other tissues tested, liver tissue accumulated the highest level of SBB but had the greatest variability, while muscle tissue accumulated little detectable SBB. We used the SBB analytical method to compare consumption of six novel baits that were in the initial developmental stages to produce a palatable bait formulation designed to attract Grass Carp for management control. Overwhelming preference of a rapeseed bait formulation was confirmed using SBB as a tracer of consumption in the laboratory; however, use of SBB under natural conditions may be valuable for answering additional questions. Baits incorporated with SBB allowed for the rapid, simultaneous assessment of multiple formulations and could allow for future refinement of management baits, with results available as quickly as 24–72 h after application.
Higher protein intake during caloric restriction improves diet quality and attenuates loss of lean body mass
Authors: Ogilvie Anna R. , Schlussel Yvette , Sukumar Deeptha , Meng Lingqiong , Shapses Sue A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveHigher protein intake during weight loss is associated with better health outcomes, but whether this is because of improved diet quality is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine how the change in self‐selected protein intake during caloric restriction (CR) alters diet quality and lean body mass (LBM).MethodsIn this analysis of pooled data from multiple weight loss trials, 207 adults with overweight or obesity were examined before and during 6 months of CR (approximately 10 food records/person). Body composition was measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index in 2 groups: lower (LP) and higher (HP) protein intake.ResultsParticipants (mean [SD], 54 [11] years; 29 [4] kg/m2) lost 5.0% (5.4%) of weight. Protein intake was 79 (9) g/d (1.0 [0.2] g/kg/d) and 58 (6) g/d (0.8 [0.1] g/kg/d) in the HP and LP groups, respectively (p < 0.05), and there was an attenuated LBM (kilograms) loss in the HP (−0.6% [1.5%]) compared with the LP (−1.2% [1.4%]) group (p < 0.01). The increased Healthy Eating Index score in the HP compared with the LP group was attributed to greater total protein and green vegetable intake and reduced refined grain and added‐sugar intake (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIncreasing dietary protein during CR improves diet quality and may be another reason for reduced LBM, but it requires further study.
A Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Selective Detection of ex vivo Methylglyoxal in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Xie Qunfang , Zhan Yuanjin , Guo Longhua , Hao Huili , Shi Xianai , Yang Jianmin , Luo Fang , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurate monitoring of methylglyoxal (MGO) at cell and living level was crucial to reveal its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes since MGO was closely related to diabetes. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence strategy was constructed based on the capture probe 2,3‐diaminonaphthalene (DAN) for the specific detection of MGO. Compared to the fluorescent probes with a single emission wavelength, the ratiometric mode by monitoring two emissions can effectively avoid the interference from the biological background, and provided additional self‐calibration ability, which can realize accurate detection of MGO. The proposed method showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0–75 μm for MGO detection, and the limit of detection was 0.33 μm. DAN responded to MGO with good specificity and was successfully applied for detecting the ex vivo MGO level in plasma of KK−Ay mice as a type II diabetes model. Besides, the prepared DAN test strip can be visualized for rapid semi‐quantitative analysis of MGO using the naked eye. Furthermore, human skin fibroblasts and HeLa cells were utilized for exogenous MGO imaging, and ex vivo MGO imaging was performed on tissues of KK−Ay mice. All results indicated that the DAN‐based ratiometric fluorescence probe can be used as a potential method to detect the level of MGO, thus enabling indications for the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.
Extraction processes for deriving cellulose: A comprehensive review on green approaches
Authors: Khan Ruheen , Jolly Reshma , Fatima Tooba , Shakir Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCellulose is a renewable, biodegradable and thermally stable compound with several other strong and attractive properties. Cellulose being most abundant raw material on earth has been also produced commercially through several plants every year because of its substantial involvement in variety of potential applications. Cellulose and its derivatives can be employed in paper, textile industry, and food industry along with its utilization in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Such applications entail the extraction process in order to obtain an appropriate form of cellulose as required for its utilization in respective applications. Herein, we present a review that focus on the multiple methodology for cellulose extraction from various sources of plants and agricultural waste.
Study of mechanical and thermal behavior of alkali modified groundnut shell powder reinforced ABS composites
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Singh Jitendra , Kumari Neetu , Jurail Shailendra Singh , Verma Donal , Maurya Atul Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrent study employs reinforcement of untreated (GSP) and alkali treated groundnut shell powder (T‐GSP) to the thermoplastic acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) matrix for the fabrication of composites. Interactions of alkali to the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of T‐GSP was confirmed from the ATR‐IR analysis. The most significant tensile strength (54.78 MPa) and modulus (2.78 GPa) was reported for 20 wt% T‐GSP reinforced ABS composite. Additionally, greatest flexural strength and modulus of 88.30 MPa and 7.80 GPa was recorded for the composite constitutes 20 wt% T‐GSP and 80 wt% ABS. The highest and lowest notched impact strength of 15.85 kJ/m2 and 13.52 kJ/m2 were reported for the composites consist of 10 and 20 wt% of T‐GSP. Composite 20/80 T‐GSP/ABS exhibited highest shore D hardness value of 90. Morphology was studied using FE‐SEM characterization and reports excellent wetting of T‐GSP particles from ABS. Composites reinforced with 10 wt% of T‐GSP exhibited highest (~269°C) while one reinforced with 20 wt% of the T‐GSP showed lowest thermal degradation point (~259°C) throughout the temperature range. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) analysis shows an increment (1–6°C) in the glass transition temperature of all the composites compared to pristine ABS irrespective of treatment.
Analysis of miRNAs responsive to long‐term calcium deficiency in tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)
Authors: Numan Muhammad , Guo Wanli , Choi Sang‐Chul , Wang Xuegeng , Du Boxuan , Jin Weibo , Bhandari Ramji Kumar , Ligaba‐Osena Ayalew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in growth, development, stress resilience, and epigenetic modifications of plants. However, the effect of calcium (Ca2+) deficiency on miRNA expression in the orphan crop tef (Eragrostis tef) remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed expression of miRNAs in roots and shoots of tef in response to Ca2+ treatment. miRNA‐seq followed by bioinformatic analysis allowed us to identify a large number of small RNAs (sRNAs) ranging from 17 to 35 nt in length. A total of 1380 miRNAs were identified in tef experiencing long‐term Ca2+ deficiency while 1495 miRNAs were detected in control plants. Among the miRNAs identified in this study, 161 miRNAs were similar with those previously characterized in other plant species and 348 miRNAs were novel, while the remaining miRNAs were uncharacterized. Putative target genes and their functions were predicted for all the known and novel miRNAs that we identified. Based on gene ontology (GO) analysis, the predicted target genes are known to have various biological and molecular functions including calcium uptake and transport. Pairwise comparison of differentially expressed miRNAs revealed that some miRNAs were specifically enriched in roots or shoots of low Ca2+‐treated plants. Further characterization of the miRNAs and their targets identified in this study may help in understanding Ca2+ deficiency responses in tef and related orphan crops.