bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splice-disrupt genomic variants in prostate cancer
Authors: Alanazi Ibrahim O. , Alamery Salman F. , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh Manijeh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Splice-disrupt genomic variants are one of the causes of cancer-causing errors in gene expression. Little is known about splice-disrupt genomic variants.

Methods and results
Here, pattern of splice-disrupt variants was investigated using 21,842,764 genomic variants in different types of prostate cancer. A particular attention was paid to genomic locations of splice-disrupt variants on target genes. HLA-A in prostate cancer, MSR1 in familial prostate cancer, and EGFR in both castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic castration-resistant had the highest allele frequencies of splice-disrupt variations. Some splice-disrupt variants, located on coding sequences of NCOR2, PTPRC, and CRP, were solely present in the advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. High-risk splice-disrupt variants were identified based on computationally calculated Polymorphism Phenotyping (PolyPhen), Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT), and Genomic Evolutionary Rate Profiling (GERP) + + scores as well as the recorded clinical significance in dbSNP database of NCBI. Functional annotation of damaging splice-disrupt variants highlighted important cancer-associated functions, including endocrine resistance, lipid metabolic process, steroid metabolic process, regulation of mitotic cell cycle, and regulation of metabolic process. This is the first study that profiles the splice-disrupt genomic variants and their target genes in prostate cancer. Literature mining based variant analysis highlighted the importance of rs1800716 variant, located on the CYP2D6 gene, involved in a range of important functions, such as RNA spicing, drug interaction, death, and urotoxicity.

Conclusions
This is the first study that profiles the splice-disrupt genomic variants and their target genes in different types of prostate cancer. Unravelling alternative splicing opens a new avenue towards the establishment of new diagnostic and prognostic markers for prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
On the nature of role shift
Authors: Aristodemo Valentina , Giustolisi Beatrice , Zorzi Giorgia , Gras Doriane , Hauser Charlotte , Sala Rita , Sánchez Amat Jordina , Donati Caterina , Cecchetto Carlo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAttitude role shift is a sign language strategy to report someone else’s utterance or thought. It has been analyzed either as a kind of demonstration or, alternatively, as a complex construction involving subordination plus a context-shifting operator. The present work reports the results of a sentence-to-picture matching task developed in three different sign languages (Italian Sign Language, French Sign Language and Catalan Sign Language) with the aim of providing experimental evidence about the nature of role shift. The task assessed the comprehension of indexical first-person pronouns in various syntactic contexts with and without role shift. We showed that constructions with role shift, which require context-shifting for the first-person pronoun, are never easier to comprehend than constructions without role shift that do not require context-shifting. In some cases, they are even more difficult. Additionally, we show that, in Italian Sign Language only, sentences in which the role shifted first-person pronoun is in object position are more difficult than sentences in which it is in subject position. We argue that this can be interpreted as an intervention effect and that this is an argument in favor of positing a context-shifting operator in the periphery of the role shift clause. Considering that the population of adult Deaf signers includes, besides native signers, a majority of individuals with a more or less severe delayed first language exposure, the second goal of this paper is to study the effects of age of exposure on comprehension of sentences with role shift. In the three languages under investigation, we found that native signers generally outperformed non-native signers in sentences with role shift and in subordinate clauses without role shift. This confirms that delayed language exposure has a lasting impact on adults’ comprehension of subordinate clauses of various degrees of complexity.
Bioaccumulation of metals by algae from acid mine drainage: a case study of Frongoch Mine (UK)
Authors: Du Tianhao , Bogush Anna , Edwards Paul , Stanley Peter , Lombardi Ana T. , Campos Luiza C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Frongoch Mine (UK), it is unclear the distribution of metals on indigenous algae and whether these species of algae can accumulate metals. This study aimed to investigate the role of indigenous algae for metal removal from acid mine drainage and understand if metals can be adsorbed on the surface of algae or/and bioaccumulated in algae. A sequential extraction procedure was applied for algae samples collected from acid mine drainage (AMD) water to identify the forms in which metals are found in algae. Concentrations of Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were evaluated in the algae and AMD samples were collected in June and October 2019. AMDs samples had a pH value ranging between 3.5 and 6.9 and high concentrations of Zn (351 mg/L) and Pb (4.22 mg/L) that exceeded the water quality standards (Water Framework Directive, 2015). Algae Ulothrix sp. and Oedogonium sp. were the two main species in the Frongoch AMDs. The concentrations of metals in algae ranged from 0.007 to 51 mg/g, and the bioconcentration factor of metals decreased in the following order: Fe >  > Pb >  > Cu > Cd > Zn. It was found that Zn, Cu and Cd were adsorbed onto the surface of and bioaccumulated in the algae, while Pb and Fe were mainly bioaccumulated in the algae. Indigenous algae can be considered as a biogeochemical barrier where metals are accumulating and can be used in bioremediation methods. Also, indigenous algae could be used as a bioindicator to assess water pollution at Frongoch Mine and other similar metal mines.
Why deep pockets make great borrowers: an empirical analysis of venture loans
Authors: Lehnertz Nico , Plagmann Carolin , Lutz Eva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStartups typically have no positive cash flow, little collateral to offer, and high bankruptcy rates. As a result, they seem to be poor loan candidates. However, venture loans as hybrid form financing that include a loan and a warrant are used in practice. We focus on this distinct form of venture debt and identify characteristics of startups and their financing history that are related to their probability of receiving a venture loan. We use an unbalanced panel data sample of 13,540 companies that have conducted 27,577 financing rounds. Our key finding is that venture loans are associated with strongly committed existing investors, which stimulates the requirements of venture lenders and is signaled through large invested capital amounts per investor in previous rounds. Furthermore, we find that venture loans are associated with rather mature startups and offer empirical indication that the medical, health, and life science industry with clear milestones provides good conditions for venture loans.
High-resolution CT findings of pulmonary infections in patients with hematologic malignancy: comparison between patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kunihiro Yoshie , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kawano Reo , Yujiri Toshiaki , Ueda Kazuhiro , Gondo Toshikazu , Kobayashi Taiga , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Ito Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of pulmonary infections in patients with hematologic malignancy and compare them between patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Materials and methods
A total of 128 patients with hematologic malignancy and pulmonary infection were included in this study. The diagnoses of the patients consisted of bacterial pneumonia (37 non-HSCT cases and 14 HSCT cases), pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (29 non-HSCT cases and 11 HSCT cases), and fungal infection other than PCP (20 non-HSCT cases and 17 HSCT cases). Two chest radiologists retrospectively evaluated the HRCT criteria and compared them using chi-squared tests and a multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results
According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, nodules were an indicator in HSCT patients with PCP (p = 0.025; odds ratio, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–26.6). The centrilobular distribution of nodules was the most frequent (n = 4, 36%) in HSCT patients with PCP. A mosaic pattern was an indicator of PCP in both HSCT and non-HSCT patients. There were no significant differences in other infections.

Conclusion
The mosaic pattern could be an indicator of PCP in both HSCT and non-HSCT patients. Nodules with centrilobular distribution might be relatively frequent HRCT findings of PCP in HSCT patients.
Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae: Implications and applications
Authors: Huang Yuxiong , Gao Manyu , Wang Wenjing , Liu Ziyi , Qian Wei , Chen Ciara Chun , Zhu Xiaoshan , Cai Zhonghua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe wide application of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) has resulted in the inevitable release of MNMs into the aquatic environment along their life cycle. As the primary producer in aquatic ecosystems, algae play a critical role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems’ energy flow, material circulation and information transmission. Thus, thoroughly understanding the biological effects of MNMs on algae as well as the underlying mechanisms is of vital importance. We conducted a comprehensive review on both positive and negative effects of MNMs on algae and thoroughly discussed the underlying mechanisms. In general, exposure to MNMs may adversely affect algae’s gene expression, metabolites, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and growth rate. The major mechanisms of MNMs-induced inhibition are attributed to oxidative stress, mechanical damages, released metal ions and light-shielding effects. Meanwhile, the rational application of MNMs-algae interactions would promote valuable bioactive substances production as well as control biological and chemical pollutants. Our review could provide a better understanding of the biological effects of MNMs on algae and narrow the knowledge gaps on the underlying mechanisms. It would shed light on the investigation of environmental implications and applications of MNMs-algae interactions and meet the increasing demand for sustainable nanotechnology development.
Applying a Rasch model to the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire: item severity analysis and differential test functioning of the English and Spanish versions
Authors: Godoy-Giménez Marta , González-Rodríguez Antonio , Estévez Angeles F. , Cañadas Fernando , Sayans-Jiménez Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe broad autism phenotype (BAP) represents the elevated but nonclinical levels of autism-related expressions expanding them beyond the disorder threshold towards the general population and it is assessed worldwide using the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire. In this study, we applied a Rasch item response approach to the Spanish and the English BAPQ versions. This approach allows us to test the proper functioning of each version, estimate which BAP behaviours are more likeable at different levels of severity, and study whether BAPQ item’s severities and orders could be considered equivalent between both versions. A Spanish community sample of 970 participants and an English of 533 ones completed either the Spanish or the English version of the BAPQ. The results revealed a lack of unidimensionality of the Pragmatic Language subscale in both tests and the Rigid subscale in the English version. Both Aloof subscale versions and the Spanish Rigid demonstrated adequate properties but with several items showing differential functioning in the case of Aloof. We conclude by highlighting the necessity of BAP measurements paralleling the current autism spectrum disorder structure, following the severity-dimensional conceptualization (behaviours are continuously distributed according to their severity), and suitable for being adapted to different languages.
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guided by End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide—a Porcine Model
Authors: Ölander Carl-Henrik , Vikholm Per , Lindblom Rickard , Schiller Petter , Hellgren Laila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for selected cases and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) could be used to guide initiation of ECPR. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 12 pigs and CPR was performed until ETCO2 fell below 10 mmHg; then, ECPR was performed. Animals were divided into group short (GShort) and group long (GLong), according to time of CPR. Carotid blood flow was higher (p = 0.02) and mean arterial blood pressure lower in GLong during CPR (p < 0.05). B-Lactate was lower and pH higher in GShort (p < 0.01). In microdialysis lactate-pyruvate ratio, glycerol and glutamate increased in both groups during CPR, but considerably in GLong (p < 0.01). No difference could be seen in histopathology of the brain or kidney post-ECPR. No apparent histological differences of tissue damage in brains or levels of S100B in plasma were detected between groups. This might suggest that ETCO2 could be used as a marker for brain injury following ECPR.
Graphical abstract
Management of risks substances and sustainable development
Authors: Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSustainable improvement is related to several key variables that count as solid and secure positions. Currently, the group of hazardous substances and inappropriate soils has created one of the most important issues of insecurity against masculinity. Consequently, unsafe substances and hazardous products have been unusually monitored by various countries. Although the safe evacuation of hazardous wastes has consistently remained an issue, the increase in collections and overall estimates of the oppressive situation created in inapplicable periods and the progress of our data and thinking about the contrasting effects of dangerously bad backgrounds on anthropological well-being and conditions has predetermined that the unsafe overflow group will continue during the period of the highest protection programs at the present time. In order to conduct this research, the management of hazardous substances and unsafe goods that are considered as wasteful waste will be properly portrayed in this research.
Single-row exclusion nets: an alternative pest control method with no detectable impact on breeding bird assemblages in orchards bordered by hedgerows
Authors: Bouvier Jean-Charles , Boivin Thomas , Lavigne Claire 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgricultural intensification has led to dramatic declines in bird populations. In particular, the acknowledged role of synthetic pesticides on direct bird intoxication or food resource depletion urges us to seek alternative crop protection methods. Pest exclusion netting systems have recently gained popularity among fruit growers as an efficient means of reducing pest attacks, allowing their transition to organic farming. Single-row exclusion nets, which only cover fruit trees and leave uncovered both the inter-row grassy strips and the hedges, are increasingly being used in apple orchards of Southern Europe. However, net-induced effects on wildlife remain unknown. This study is the first to assess the impacts of single-row exclusion nets on breeding bird communities. We hypothesized that the exclusion net effects would be weaker than those associated with synthetic pesticide use, except for bird species that forage in the tree canopy. We monitored breeding bird abundance, and species richness in 46 commercial apple orchards managed using integrated pest management (IPM) or organic standards with or without exclusion nets. We counted 705 birds belonging to 32 different species. Total bird abundance, the number of observed species, and the Chao1 estimate of species richness were influenced by orchard management strategy. Breeding bird assemblages in organic orchards were as numerous and diverse in both the presence and absence of exclusion nets. In contrast, both bird abundance and species richness were significantly decreased in IPM orchards. The abundance and species richness of bird assemblages and the abundance of a few individual species also increased with the number of hedgerows bordering the orchards. Our results demonstrate that single-row netting systems for organic farming represent an effective pest control strategy with no significant impact on bird communities and highlight the importance of hedgerows along the orchards’ edges.
A conjugate gradient-assisted multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for fluence map optimization in radiotherapy treatment
Authors: Cao Ruifen , Si Langchun , Li Xuesong , Guang Yaopei , Wang Chao , Tian Ye , Pei Xi , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is one of the most applied techniques for cancer radiotherapy treatment. The fluence map optimization is an essential part of IMRT plan designing, which has a significant impact on the radiotherapy treatment effect. In fact, the treatment planing of IMRT is an inverse multi-objective optimization problem. Existing approaches of solving the fluence map optimization problem (FMOP) obtain a satisfied treatment plan via trying different coupling weights, the optimization process needs to be conducted many times and the coupling weight setting is completely based on the experience of a radiation physicist. For fast obtaining diverse high-quality radiotherapy plans, this paper formulates the FMOP into a three-objective optimization problem, and proposes a conjugate gradient-assisted multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (CG-MOEA) to solve it. The proposed algorithm does not need to set the coupling weights and can produce the diverse radiotherapy plans within a single run. Moreover, the convergence speed is further accelerated by an adaptive local search strategy based on the conjugate-gradient method. Compared with five state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), the proposed CG-MOEA can obtain the best hypervolume (HV) values and dose–volume histogram (DVH) performance on five clinical cases in cancer radiotherapy. Moreover, the proposed algorithm not only obtains the more optimal solution than traditional method used to solve the FMOP, but also can find diverse Pareto solution set which can be provided to radiation physicist to select the best treatment plan. The proposed algorithm outperforms dose-volume histogram state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and traditional method for FMOP on five clinical cases in cancer radiotherapy.
Topological approach to generate new rough set models
Authors: Al-shami Tareq M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a topological method to produce new rough set models. This method is based on the idea of “somewhat open sets” which is one of the celebrated generalizations of open sets. We first generate some topologies from the different types of$$N_\rho $$Nρ-neighborhoods. Then, we define new types of rough approximations and accuracy measures with respect to somewhat open and somewhat closed sets. We study their main properties and prove that the accuracy and roughness measures preserve the monotonic property. One of the unique properties of these approximations is the possibility of comparing between them. We also compare our approach with the previous ones, and show that it is more accurate than those induced from open,$$\alpha $$α-open, and semi-open sets. Moreover, we examine the effectiveness of the followed method in a problem of Dengue fever. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of our approach and propose some future work.
Hidden Resources: The Messy Way to Resilience
Authors: Lisi Sabrina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAll individuals have similar psychological needs like experiencing self-efficacy, pleasure, or attachment (Epstein, 1993; Grawe, 2006). The way to get those needs met, however, is sometimes messy, especially when vulnerability is high. While the concept of hidden resilience has been introduced two decades ago (Ungar, 2002), hidden resources or more precisely hidden affordances of resources within hidden resilience seem to be rather unexplored. Conceptualising hidden resources allows to extent and strengthen the social ecological perspective of resilience, wherein factors and processes of resilience are conceived as contextually dependent. Hidden affordances (Gaver, 1991; Gibson, 1979) of resources can be understood as the nonconventional behavioural patterns used on the path facilitating (hidden) resilience, hence, a resource is equipped with different qualities that are compatible with and relevant for the individual’s psychological needs. Vulnerable children might be securing resources, helping them to stay healthy, by being angry, even aggressive. Various studies (Kassis et al., 2018; Sroufe et al., 2010; Ungar, 2002; Ungar et al., 2013) are in line with a view, indicating that resilience processes are rarely linear or ideal, in the sense that only the pure self-beneficial or socially accepted resources are navigated to. By acknowledging messy resilience processes, we sharpen the view towards hidden resilience and hidden (affordances of) resources which allows us to take off our conventionally tinted resilience-glasses and recognize various resilient ways of life. The conclusion opens the field of vision regarding successful adaptation to adverse situations and provides added value for educational sciences and therapeutic areas.
Leveraging antimicrobial stewardship programs in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency
Authors: Joerger Torsten A. , Bio Laura L. , Puckett Lauren M. , Schwenk Hayden T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) but offered new opportunities. This review summarizes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ASPs, review the contributions ASPs have made in the pandemic response, and highlight the potential role of ASPs in future pandemics.
Continuous Action toward Justice
Authors: Hutchinson Darren Lenard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConservative activists and politicians have condemned critical race theory and have supported measures to prohibit teaching the subject in public schools. The anti-critical race theory movement is part of broader social movement activity inspired by the 2020 presidential election. Many conservatives view Donald Trump's defeat as a victory for antiracism. In response, they have portrayed the election as a product of fraud, enacted laws that will make it more difficult for people of color to vote, endorsed measures that would chill antiracist political activism, and banned instruction related to contemporary antiracist theory. These practices have been employed historically in response to antiracism. This history should guide social justice advocates as they analyze the meaning of countermovement activity and build strategies of resistance.