bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐level expression of functional Pfu DNA polymerase recombinant protein by mimicking the enhanced green fluorescence protein gene codon usage
Authors: Chen Yu‐San , Wu Hsing‐Chieh , Lin Jin‐Ru , Yang Jia‐Ling , Kuo Tsun‐Yung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPfu DNA polymerase is a vital enzyme in PCR‐related experiments. However, it is not easy to achieve high‐level expression and high purity through one‐step purification. This paper illustrates the method to acquire the full‐length open reading frame of Pfu DNA polymerase. Without altering its amino acids, we have modified the codon usage, based on that of the enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP), and named it rPfu. The synthesized rPfu gene has been subcloned into the pET28a plasmid and expressed in four Escherichia coli strains without the pLysS plasmid. Three strains have expressed a high level of soluble Pfu DNA polymerase. With the aid of Ni‐NTA His•Bind® resin, we could obtain high purity (>95%) soluble recombinant protein. Compared with the commercial, proofreading DNA polymerase, rPfu’s bioactivity was 12,987 U/mg; that is, 88,311 U of rPfu could be obtained from 50 mL cultured E. coli. The purified rPfu was able to amplify the length of DNA fragments at least 5.5 kb. The method of increasing soluble protein's yield using the eGFP codon usage may introduce a new possibility to the expression of other soluble recombinant proteins.
Effect of hepar‐protecting Wuzhi capsule on pharmacokinetics and dose‐effect character of tacrolimus in healthy volunteers
Authors: Teng Fei , Wang Wei , Zhang Weiyue , Qu Jinlong , Liu Binguo , Chen Jiani , Liu Shiyi , Li Mingming , Chen Wansheng , Wei Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWuzhi capsule (WZC), a preparation of Fructus Schisandra sphenanthera extract, has been used widely for the treatment of viral and drug‐induced hepatitis in China. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus (TAC) when co‐administered with WZC and the dose‐effect of WZC on tacrolimus in healthy volunteers. The effect of an increased dosage of WZC (1, 2, 6, and 8 capsules once daily) on the relative oral exposure of tacrolimus was assessed to explore the dose–response relationship between WZC and tacrolimus using bioanalysis, pharmacokinetic, and genotypical analyses. The influence of CYP3A5 and MDR1 genetic polymorphisms on the WZC dose was elucidated by maintaining the Ctrough of tacrolimus in Chinese healthy volunteers. When co‐administered with WZC, the Tmax of tacrolimus was increased significantly while the apparent oral clearance was decreased. The plasma tacrolimus level in volunteers with high CYP3A5 expression was much lower than that in those with mutant CYP3A5. However, polymorphisms of MDR1 exon26 C3435T, exon21 G2677T/A, and exon12 C1236T were not associated with plasma tacrolimus levels. Our findings provide important information on interactions between modern medications and herbal products, thus facilitating a better usage of tacrolimus in patients receiving WZC.
How false feedback influences decision‐makers' risk preferences
Authors: Kusev Petko , van Schaik Paul , Teal Joseph , Martin Rose , Hall Lars , Johansson Petter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent decision‐making research provides empirical evidence that human risk preferences are constructed “on the fly” during risk elicitation, influenced by the decision‐making context and the method of risk elicitation (Kusev et al., 2020). In this article, we explore the lability of human risk preferences and argue that the most recent choices guide decision‐making. Accordingly, our novel proposal and experimental method provide a psychological tool that measures people's shift in preferences. Specifically, in our experiment (240 participants, registered UK users of an online survey panel), we developed and employed a two‐stage risk elicitation experimental method. The results from the experiment revealed that providing participants with false feedback on their initial decisions (stage 1) changes their risk preferences at the feedback stage of the experiment in the direction of the false feedback. Moreover, participants' final decisions (stage 2) were influenced by the type of feedback (correct or false) and informed by their altered risk preferences at the feedback stage of the experiment. In conclusion, our work provides experimental evidence that human preferences are constructed “on the fly,” influenced by the decision‐making context and recent decision‐making experience (e.g., Kusev et al., 2020; Slovic, 1995).
Towards sustainable business models with a novel life cycle assessment method
Authors: Goffetti Giulia , Böckin Daniel , Baumann Henrikke , Tillman Anne‐Marie , Zobel Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBusiness model (BM) innovation for sustainability is hampered by a lack of tools for environmental assessment and guidance at the BM level. Conventional life cycle assessment (LCA) neglects the economic and socio‐technical mechanisms within a BM, and tools based on the BM canvas (BMC) cannot provide recommendations substantiated by environmental data. Here, a new method, BM‐LCA, is applied to a case comparing the selling and renting of jackets, using profit as basis of comparison. Results identify how business parameters influence environmental performance, permitting analysis for decoupling within a business practice. This is made possible by the unique way the method links physical life cycle and the monetary flows of a BM. Usefulness of BM‐LCA is discussed relative to BM innovation, business strategy and similar tools. BM‐LCA provides insights into a broad range of BM elements and emerges as useful for business strategy. By measuring BM environmental performance, it helps determine what BM to compete with and support critical analysis of business against greenwashing. BM‐LCA also enables identification of BM elements in greatest need of environmental innovation. BM‐LCA appears as a promising tool for guiding business companies towards sustainability, filling a space between LCA and BMC. The method offers a practical way for business and LCA experts to merge their respective knowledge.
Non‐Linear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis: Impact of Catalyst Precipitation
Authors: Geiger Yannick , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon‐linear effects between the enantiomeric excesses of both the ligand and the product are ubiquitous phenomena in asymmetric catalysis, allowing asymmetric amplification (or depletion) and are widely used tools for mechanistic investigations. Non‐linear effects are caused by catalyst aggregation; however, the effect of catalyst precipitation on NLEs has not been systematically investigated to date, except in special cases such as ternary phase systems. In this article, we show through simulations and with several literature cases at hand how precipitation affects shape and amplitude of NLE curves. The limit of solubility of the homo‐ or heterochiral dimeric species causes broken‐shaped NLE curves or very pronounced NLEs even though the equilibria between the different species in solution are not favorable, at first sight. Peculiar features such as horizontal segments, inverse S‐shaped curves and a strong effect of total catalyst concentration are also observed. Overall, this study allows to get a better understanding of chiral catalytic systems and gives an outlook at other types of phase separation leading to NLEs.
Simultaneous Organic and Inorganic Host–Guest Chemistry within Pillararene–Protein Cage Frameworks
Authors: Shaukat Ahmed , Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Kostiainen Mauri A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Mauri A. Kostiainen and co‐workers at Aalto and Oakland Universities. The image depicts two ferritin protein cages joined by a cationic pillararene hosting a guest dye. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202104341.
Towards the Development, Maintenance and Standardized Phenotypic Characterization of Single‐Seed‐Descent Genetic Resources for Chickpea
Authors: Rocchetti Lorenzo , Gioia Tania , Logozzo Giuseppina , Brezeanu Creola , Pereira Luis Guasch , la Rosa Lucía De , Marzario Stefania , Pieri Alice , Fernie Alisdair R. , Alseekh Saleh , Susek Karolina , Cook Douglas R. , Varshney Rajeev K. , Agrawal Shiv Kumar , Hamwieh Aladdin , Bitocchi Elena , Papa Roberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere we present the approach used to develop the INCREASE “Intelligent Chickpea” Collections, from analysis of the information on the life history and population structure of chickpea germplasm, the availability of genomic and genetic resources, the identification of key phenotypic traits and methodologies to characterize chickpea. We present two phenotypic protocols within H2O20 Project INCREASE to characterize, develop, and maintain chickpea single‐seed‐descent (SSD) line collections. Such protocols and related genetic resource data from the project will be available for the legume community to apply the standardized approaches to develop Chickpea Intelligent Collections further or for multiplication/seed‐increase purposes. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.[Correction added on May 16, 2022, after first online publication: CRUI‐CARE funding statement has been added.]Basic Protocol 1: Characterization of chickpea seeds for seed‐trait descriptorsBasic Protocol 2: Characterization of chickpea lines for plant‐trait descriptors specific for primary seed increase
Structure‐induced low‐sensitivity design of sampled data and digital ladder filters using delta discrete‐time operator
Authors: Khoo I‐Hung , Reddy Haranatha (Hari) C. , Moschytz George S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe concept of the delta discrete‐time operator‐based doubly terminated two‐pair (ladder) is discussed here for use in sampled‐data and digital filter design. The two‐pair filter utilizes traditional backward Euler and forward Euler integrators, is lossless under scaling (LUS), and possesses good magnitude sensitivity which is induced intrinsically due to the filter structure. This paper is an overview and consolidation of results published by the authors over the years in various conferences (Khoo et al., 1998, 1999, 2001, 2008, 2008a, 2008b) in a unifying and tutorial fashion. To achieve the low magnitude sensitivity, the well‐known Feldtkeller equation corresponding to the delta‐operator formulation is derived to establish the theoretical basis for the realization. One significant advantage of the design procedure presented here using the delta operator is that it overcomes the numerical problem at the spectral factorization stage of the conventional z‐domain lossless‐discrete‐time integrator (LDI) synthesis method when the filter poles are clustered around z = 1. Furthermore, the entire operation involves only rational polynomials, as opposed to fractional power polynomials as in the LDI and other methods in z‐domain. The method presented can realize three distinct forms of transfer functions with varied transmission zeros.
Social tensions in studying ancient history
Authors: Foster Frances , Wise Juliette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article reports on the findings of an investigation into the tensions perceived by students aged 14–15 studying Ancient History in England, between their interest in the ancient world itself and the status of Ancient History as a curriculum subject. We use Young's distinction between Powerful Knowledge and Knowledge of the Powerful as a critical tool. The empirical data arise from an interview study across three different school communities in England of 14–15‐year‐old students studying Ancient History as a curriculum subject. 32 students took part in the interview study across the three schools. Students focused on the ancient world's personal relevance for their own lives. They also ascribed value not just to expertise about the ancient world but to understanding how others responded to it. However, the students all felt that studying Ancient History was a sign of an elite and privileged education, an image with which they did not feel entirely comfortable.
Differentiation of boldenone administration from ex vivo transformation in the urine of castrated male horses
Authors: Viljanto Marjaana , Kaabia Zied , Taylor Polly , Muir Tessa , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic , Scarth James 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoldenone is an anabolic‐androgenic steroid that is prohibited in equine sports. However, in certain situations, it is endogenous or is believed to be formed by microbes in urine, and therefore, an approach for the differentiation is required. Following the identification of Δ1‐progesterone and 20(S)‐hydroxy‐Δ1‐progesterone as potential biomarkers of microbial activity, the presence of six steroids was investigated in the postrace urine of castrated male horses (geldings, n = 158). In line with endogenous findings from several other species when ultrasensitive methods are employed, boldenone was detected at low concentrations in all urine samples (27.0–1330 pg/ml). Furthermore, testosterone and androstenedione were detected in 157 samples (≤12,400 and 944 pg/ml, respectively), boldienone in two samples (≤22.0 pg/ml) and 20(S)‐hydroxy‐Δ1‐progesterone in 20 samples (≤66.0 pg/ml). Δ1‐Progesterone was not detected in any population samples analysed on arrival at the laboratory. The ex vivo transformation of boldienone, boldenone, androstenedione, Δ1‐progesterone and 20(S)‐hydroxy‐Δ1‐progesterone was induced following the storage of urine samples at room temperature for 7 days but not after refrigeration. Because the administration of inappropriately stored feed sources also resulted in an increase in 20(S)‐hydroxy‐Δ1‐progesterone concentrations, a biomarker approach to distinguish steroid administrations was proposed. In situations where the presence of boldenone would exceed a proposed action limit, the presence of Δ1‐progesterone and 20(S)‐hydroxy‐Δ1‐progesterone would be investigated. If either Δ1‐progesterone or 20(S)‐hydroxy‐Δ1‐progesterone would exceed 50 and 100 pg/ml, respectively, for instance, then this would indicate ex vivo transformation or consumption of altered feed rather than steroid administration.
Copepod reproductive effort and oxidative status as responses to warming in the marine environment
Authors: von Weissenberg Ella , Jansson Anna , Vuori Kristiina A. , Engström‐Öst Jonna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe marine ecosystems are under severe climate change‐induced stress globally. The Baltic Sea is especially vulnerable to ongoing changes, such as warming. The aim of this study was to measure eco‐physiological responses of a key copepod species to elevated temperature in an experiment, and by collecting field samples in the western Gulf of Finland. The potential trade‐off between reproductive output and oxidative balance in copepods during thermal stress was studied by incubating female Acartia sp. for reproduction rate and oxidative stress measurements in ambient and elevated temperatures. Our field observations show that the glutathione cycle had a clear response in increasing stress and possibly had an important role in preventing oxidative damage: Lipid peroxidation and ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione were negatively correlated throughout the study. Moreover, glutathione‐s‐transferase activated in late July when the sea water temperature was exceptionally high and Acartia sp. experienced high oxidative stress. The combined effect of a heatwave, increased cyanobacteria, and decreased dinoflagellate abundance may have caused larger variability in reproductive output in the field. An increase of 7°C had a negative effect on egg production rate in the experiment. However, the effect on reproduction was relatively small, implying that Acartia sp. can tolerate warming at least within the temperature range of 9–16°C. However, our data from the experiment suggest a link between reproductive success and oxidative stress during warming, shown as a significant combined effect of temperature and catalase on egg production rate.
Predicting potential distribution of Ziziphus spinosa (Bunge) H.H. Hu ex F.H. Chen in China under climate change scenarios
Authors: Zhao Qian , Mi Ze‐Yuan , Lu Chan , Zhang Xin‐Fei , Chen Li‐Jun , Wang Shi‐Qiang , Niu Jun‐Feng , Wang Zhe‐Zhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZiziphus spinosa (Bunge) H.H. Hu ex F.H. Chen is a woody plant species of the family Rhamnaceae (order Rhamnales) that possesses high nutritional and medicinal value. Predicting the effects of climate change on the distribution of Z. spinosa is of great significance for the investigation, protection, and exploitation of this germplasm resource. For this study, optimized maximum entropy models were employed to predict the distribution patterns and changes of its present (1970–2000) and future (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) potential suitable regions in China under multiple climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 & SSP5‐8.5). The results revealed that the total area of the present potential suitable region for Z. spinosa is 162.60 × 104 km2, which accounts for 16.94% of China's territory. Within this area, the regions having low, medium, and high suitability were 80.14 × 104 km2, 81.50 × 104 km2, and 0.96 × 104 km2, respectively, with the high suitability regions being distributed primarily in Shanxi, Hebei, and Beijing Provinces. Except for SSP‐1‐2.6‐2070s, SSP‐5‐8.5‐2070s, and SSP‐5‐8.5‐2090s, the suitable areas for Z. spinosa in the future increased to different degrees. Meanwhile, considering the distribution of Z. spinosa during different periods and under different climate scenarios, our study predicted that the low impact areas of Z. spinosa were mainly restricted to Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin Provinces. The results of core distributional shifts showed that, except for SSP1‐2.6, the center of the potential suitable region of Z. spinosa exhibited a trend of gradually shifting to the northwest.
Species interactions in three Lemnaceae species growing along a gradient of zinc pollution
Authors: Lanthemann Lorena , van Moorsel Sofia J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuckweeds (Lemnaceae) are increasingly studied for their potential for phytoremediation of heavy‐metal polluted water bodies. A prerequisite for metal removal, however, is the tolerance of the organism to the pollutant, e.g., the metal zinc (Zn). Duckweeds have been shown to differ in their tolerances to Zn; however, despite them most commonly co‐occurring with other species, there is a lack of research concerning the effect of species interactions on Zn tolerance. Here, we tested whether the presence of a second species influenced the growth rate of the three duckweed species Lemna minor, Lemna gibba, and Lemna turionifera. We used four different Zn concentrations in a replicated microcosm experiment under sterile conditions, either growing the species in isolation or in a two‐species mixture. The response to Zn differed between species, but all three species showed a high tolerance to Zn, with low levels of Zn even increasing the growth rates. The growth rates of the individual species were influenced by the identity of the competing species, but this was independent of the Zn concentration. Our results suggest that species interactions should be considered in future research with duckweeds and that several duckweed species have high tolerance to metal pollution, making them candidates for phytoremediation efforts.
Experimental study and finite element analysis of T‐shaped precast shear walls with H‐shaped shear keys
Authors: Shen Shao‐Dong , Pan Peng , He Zhi‐Zhou , Xiao Gen‐Qi , Ren Jun‐Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo achieve an effective horizontal connection between the flange and web of a prefabricated T‐shaped shear wall and ensure the seismic performance of the joint, a prefabricated T‐shaped reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall with H‐shaped shear keys (HSKs) is developed in this study through tests of full‐scale specimens, finite element (FE) parametric analysis, and deriving design equations. To facilitate transportation and installation, the flange and web of this T‐shaped shear wall are composed of several precast wall panels without protruding parts. The HSKs are welded between these wall panels to transfer the out‐of‐plane load of the flange wall and the in‐plane load of the web wall. The target mechanical properties of the HSK can be accurately designed by adjusting its geometric parameters such as the shape, height, thickness, and the core area width. Based on the test results, a FE model of the HSK shear wall is established, and parametric analysis is carried out to optimize its design. Finally, based on the design target of both yield force and yield displacement, a double‐target design approach is proposed to meet the different seismic requirements of HSK shear walls at different storeys.
The significance and potential of functional food ingredients for control appetite and food intake
Authors: Esmaeili Mina , Ajami Marjan , Barati Meisam , Javanmardi Fardin , Houshiarrad Anahita , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDramatically rising global levels of obesity have raised consumers’ commercial and public health interest in foods that may help control appetite and weight. The satiety cascade consists of sensory, cognitive, physical, and hormonal events following food intake, preventing overeating, and the desire to eat for a long time. Functional foods can be one of the most influential factors in reducing appetite as long as effective ingredients, such as fiber and protein, are used to design these products. Also, functional foods should be designed to reduce appetite at different levels of oral processing, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine by various mechanisms. Therefore, the satiety power of functional foods depends on the type of ingredients and their amount. Because each compound has a different mechanism of action, it is recommended to use different compounds to influence satiety in functional foods.
Rock fisher behaviours and perceptions regarding drowning risk assessed by direct observation and self‐report: A public awareness campaign evaluation
Authors: Birch Rhiannon , Morgan Damian , Arch Jennifer , Matthews Bernadette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIssue addressedParticipants engaged in rock fishing are at risk of drowning. Following coronial investigation of fatalities, a 3‐year safety campaign targeting rock fishers was developed in Victoria, Australia. Key campaign messages were wearing lifejackets, not fishing alone, and checking sea and weather conditions. The reported study provides results from a campaign evaluation.MethodsEvaluation by self‐report and direct observation of safety attitudes and behaviours was undertaken pre‐ and during campaign. Data collections were as follows: (a) online survey of rock fishers recruited from panels, social media and rock fishing networks (n = 350) and (b) rock fisher direct observation and self‐report at selected Victorian rock fishing platforms (n = 282; n = 58, respectively).ResultsSafety message recall was reported by 51.7% of rock fishers surveyed online though far fewer recalled campaign key messages. No effect on key safety behaviours or attitudes were detected for fishers on platforms during campaign. Never wearing a lifejacket was reported by 31.8% online, 60.3% at platforms and observed for 97.4%. From direct observation, most participants did not fish alone and checked conditions on arrival.ConclusionCampaign evaluation measures showed mixed outcomes. Irrespective, most rock fishers carry high drowning risk through failure to wear lifejackets. Legal mandating of lifejackets for identified high‐risk platform is being introduced for Victoria, although careful evaluation is required to detect unanticipated outcomes. Informing future campaign evaluation, complementary methods highlight likely bias in self‐reporting through faulty recall or social desirability.So what?Future campaigns require innovative or novel design, over longer duration, to capture attention and change rock fisher behaviours.