bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Flows and Water Accumulations on Bedrock as a Structuring Element of Rock Art
Authors: Horn Christian , Potter Rich , Peternell Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper proposes a new method to quantify the flow of water and water accumulation zones on bedrock panels. This can be used to investigate how water influences the placement of rock art. The analysis is based on photogrammetric models on which water flows and accumulations were modelled using a NetLogo simulation and the SAGA hydrology package. To test the hypothesis that water was a structuring element in the creation of rock art, case studies of Bohus-granite panels from south-western Sweden were used. The described approach should be possible to use on most rock art placed on bedrock panels regardless of rock type, its state of cleaning, or present microfauna. The modelling of water flows and accumulations is a powerful tool to compare the image placement and image density in relation to water even on widely separated panels on which such observations cannot be made directly.
Response to climate change in a rain-fed crop production system: insights from maize farmers of western Kenya
Authors: Kogo Benjamin Kipkemboi , Kumar Lalit , Koech Richard , Hasan Md Kamrul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change poses a threat to crop production and livelihoods of rural farming communities in Kenya, a majority of whom are mainly dependent on rain-fed agriculture. The purpose of this study was to examine farm-level adaptation responses towards climate change and their influencing factors, using a case study of western Kenya. Structured questionnaire was administered to 210 farmers in selected locations in the region where households farm maize as the main crop. Logistic and multiple linear regression models were used to ascertain the factors that influence farmers’ adaptation practices. The results indicate that farmers perceived climate change as being responsible for the reduction in crop yield and production, crop failure and increase of fallow farms. The major adaptation strategies undertaken by the farmers included change in planting dates by either planting early or late during a season, diversification of crops, growing early maturing cultivars, use of drought-tolerant varieties and timely planting. The key determinants of adaptation strategies by the farmers included farm size, income and extension training. Understanding farmers’ responses to climate change in rain-fed crop production systems could assist in planning adaptation strategies towards sustainable crop production.
Influence of altitude on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of strawberry: a preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guevara-Terán Mabel , Gonzalez-Paramás Ana M. , Beltrán-Noboa Andrea , Giampieri Francesca , Battino Maurizio , Tejera Eduardo , Alvarez-Suarez José M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral climatic trends are generally associated with altitude, that may influence the nutritional and phytochemical composition of plants. Strawberry is considered a functional food due to biological activities and health benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis intend to expose possible variations on physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of strawberries in regard to altitude. Thirty eligible studies were included for the final meta-analysis. Two altitude ranges were established: 0 – 1000 and 1000—2000 m above sea level. A random-effects model was used to obtain the results. It was discovered that total soluble solids significantly decreased with altitude. Total titratable acidity increased with altitude. Vitamin C and total anthocyanins showed a significant difference between the groups before we discarded some studies. The analysis of altitude for phenolics and antioxidant capacity evaluated for the DPPH radical scavenging method did not identify any significant differences between the studies. The findings suggest that altitude does not affect the physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of strawberries; nonetheless, a more exhaustive study is recommended.
Graphical abstract
Who is asking? The effect of survey sponsor misperception on political trust: evidence from the Afrobarometer
Authors: Isani Mujtaba , Schlipphak Bernd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on previous research on political trust on the one hand and the effects of perceived survey sponsors on political attitudes on the other, this paper sets out to explore the effects of misperceiving the survey sponsor on political trust among citizens. The article explores the significance of the effect of survey sponsor misperception among factors that are traditionally used to explains political trust. Using Afrobarometer data, which includes thirty-six democratic and autocratic countries and more than fifty-thousand respondents, the paper demonstrates that such an effect is significant and substantive. Hence, researchers should definitely take survey sponsor misperception into account when designing and analyzing surveys. In conclusion, the article provides an outlook on what this means for future survey research.
“Ukraine commits genocide on Russians”: the term “genocide” in Russian propaganda
Authors: Fortuin Egbert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccording to Russia, the main reason for starting the war with Ukraine on February 24, 2022 was the genocide of the Russian-speaking population by the Nazi government of Volodymyr Zelenskyy. In this paper I investigate the Russian claims about genocide. These claims are shown to be part of the rhetorical frame Russophobic Nazi Ukraine government commits genocide on Russians, an aspect of Russian propaganda which builds on the Second World War. I demonstrated that this frame is itself an aspect of a more abstract frame, where any perceived enemy of Russia, is portrayed as a fascist or Nazi force that aims to destroy Russia and Russian culture. I investigate how this frame emerged and developed over time in five stages, starting in post-Soviet Russia and Ukraine, and in Russia after the Orange and Maidan revolutions in Ukraine. Russia tries to provide argumentation for the validity of the frame by referring to a number of objectively established facts relating to the situation in the Donbas, Ukraine’s language laws, and the presence of right-extremists in Ukraine. In doing so, some ideas are made more salient than others (the language laws that diminish the official status of Russian in Ukraine and the hostilities in the Donbas region), while other ideas are suppressed altogether (e.g. the juridical meaning of genocide, the actual status of right-wing extremism in Ukraine, the role of Russia in the hostilities in the Donbas, and the actual status of the language laws in Ukraine). In all of these cases, the arguments used by Russia are not valid, being based on exaggerations, hyperbolic use of terminology, and lies. The main goal of this frame is to acquire and retain support for Russia’s policy toward Ukraine, as well as to deflect any potential criticism on Russia itself. Ultimately, the Russian propaganda is part of the concept Russkij Mir ‘Russian World’, where Russian language and culture are a means to restore President Vladimir Putin’s Russian sphere of influence from Soviet times or earlier.
A New Measure of Wage Risk: Occupation-Specific Evidence for Germany
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Rodriguez-Justicia David , Theilen Bernd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a new measure of wage risk based on estimated probabilities to earn an hourly wage that is below some specific lower quantile of the wage distribution. Using the German SOEP as an information rich data base, we determine wage risks overall and for nine job categories during the period from 1992 until 2015. We find that the low-wage workers in Germany are worse off after the Hartz reforms. In Western Germany this evidence stems from both a reduction of low wages and an increase of wage risk. In Eastern Germany, it is largely due to increased wage risk. Moreover, overall evidence hides important developments at the occupational level.
Mirror, mirror on the wall, tell me that I have succeeded at it all: Self-esteem and the defensive mechanisms against failure
Authors: Zogmaister Cristina , Maricutoiu Laurentiu P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudents face frequent formal and informal tests, both in the academic context and social life. On each of these occasions, they risk falling short of their own or others’ expectations. Facing failure is a psychological challenge, and people can react with defensive strategies, which may have negative consequences. Here we investigated the role of self-esteem as a possible buffer against these defensive strategies. Previous research has demonstrated that, in the face of failure, individuals with discrepant (fragile: high explicit and low implicit, or damaged: high implicit and low explicit) self-esteem are more likely to engage in defensive mechanisms than individuals with consistent implicit and explicit self-esteem. Two studies investigate the relationship between implicit and explicit self-esteem and two defensive strategies against the threat of failure: subjective overachievement and retroactive excuses. In Study 1 (N = 176 high school students), we find an association between fragile self-esteem and subjective overachievement. In Study 2 (N = 101 university students), damaged self-esteem is related to the increased use of retroactive excuses as a form of self-serving bias. These results add to the growing body of evidence documenting the maladaptive nature of fragile and damaged self-esteem.
Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan versus placebo in the treatment of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Jingkui , Xu Wei , Gong Lifeng , Xu Min , Tang Weigang , Jiang Wei , Xie Fengyan , Ding Liping , Qian Xiaoli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and drug safety of tolvaptan with placebo for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to September 10, 2021. Eligible studies comparing tolvaptan and placebo in the treatment of patients with ADPKD were included. Data were analysed using Review Manager Version 5.3.

Results
Thirteen studies involving 3575 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, tolvaptan had a better effect on delaying eGFR decline (MD 1.27, 95% CI 1.24–1.29, P < 0.01) and TKV increase (MD − 3.01, 95% CI − 3.55 to − 2.47, P < 0.01) in ADPKD treatment. Additionally, tolvaptan reduced the incidence of complications such as renal pain (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.87, P < 0.01), urinary tract infection (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54–0.89, P < 0.01), haematuria (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.89, P < 0.01), and hypertension (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52–0.82, P < 0.01). However, tolvaptan was associated with a higher incidence rate of adverse events such as thirst (OR 8.48 95% CI 4.53–15.87, P < 0.01), polyuria (OR 4.71, 95% CI 2.17–10.24, P < 0.01), and hepatic injury (OR 4.56, 95% CI 2.51–8.29, P < 0.01).

Conclusion
Tolvaptan can delay eGFR decline and TKV increase and reduce complications such as renal pain, urinary tract infection, haematuria, and hypertension in the treatment of ADPKD. However, tolvaptan increases the adverse effects of thirst, polyuria and hepatic injury.
Shaping Civil Society Leaders: Horizontal and Vertical Boundary Work in Swedish Leadership Training Programmes
Authors: Altermark Niklas , Johansson Håkan , Stattin Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCivil society leadership training programmes are a new phenomenon, and they are often overlooked by civil society scholarship despite being linked to the professionalisation of the sector. In this article, we examine 14 Swedish leadership programmes in order to identify leadership ideals in the sector. Drawing on the notion of ‘symbolic boundaries’, we argue that leadership programmes produce horizontal boundaries in relation to other societal sectors and vertical boundaries between leaders of the sector and other members. Together, these symbolic boundaries form a leadership ideal that detaches leaders from their organisation and internal democratic processes, instead depicting leadership as a question of personal characteristics and values. Leaders in the sector need to be authentic and to anchor their leadership in the personal values they hold. Theoretically, our analytical model may prove useful in the study of other empirical phenomena in civil society.
Is “cellular senescence” a misnomer?
Authors: Gems David , Kern Carina C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract One of the most striking findings in biogerontology in the 2010s was the demonstration that elimination of senescent cells delays many late-life diseases and extends lifespan in mice. This implied that accumulation of senescent cells promotes late-life diseases, particularly through action of senescent cell secretions (the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or SASP). But what exactly is a senescent cell? Subsequent to the initial characterization of cellular senescence, it became clear that, prior to aging, this phenomenon is in fact adaptive. It supports tissue remodeling functions in a variety of contexts, including embryogenesis, parturition, and acute inflammatory processes that restore normal tissue architecture and function, such as wound healing, tissue repair after infection, and amphibian limb regeneration. In these contexts, such cells are normal and healthy and not in any way senescent in the true sense of the word, as originally meant by Hayflick. Thus, it is misleading to refer to them as “senescent.” Similarly, the common assertion that senescent cells accumulate with age due to stress and DNA damage is no longer safe, particularly given their role in inflammation—a process that becomes persistent in later life. We therefore suggest that it would be useful to update some terminology, to bring it into line with contemporary understanding, and to avoid future confusion. To open a discussion of this issue, we propose replacing the termcellular senescencewithremodeling activation, and SASP withRASP(remodeling-associated secretory phenotype).
Reaction-driven solvent transport in UV-curable phase-separating coatings
Authors: Yamamura M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe experimentally examined the time-evolutions of local compositions in photocurable, monomer-solvent-initiator ternary liquid film coatings using attenuated total-reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The coatings exhibited phase separation upon UV exposure owing to the inherent partial miscibility between the solvent and the polymer. The solvent concentration at the bottom of the coating increased when exposed to UV light for 1 s from the top, showing a solvent transport along the irradiation direction. The differences in solvent concentration before and after UV exposure showed good agreement with model predictions based on stress-induced non-Fickian solvent mass transport. The solvent concentrations at the bottom remained constant in the case of discrete phase structures, whereas it exponentially decayed over time in bicontinuous phase structures. These results suggest that light-tunable microstructures enable the relaxation of the reaction-driven nonuniformity in solvent concentration distributions.
Patient activation, self-efficacy and usage of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients
Authors: Hübner Jutta , Welter Saskia , Ciarlo Gianluca , Käsmann Lukas , Ahmadi Emadaldin , Keinki Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by many cancer patients by themselves. Therefore, we conducted a survey regarding the association between CAM, self-efficacy, and patient activation in adult cancer patients. A standardized questionnaire, consisted of the ASKU, the PAM 13-D, and a structured questionnaire on CAM usage from our own working group, was distributed to 880 potential participants. Six hundred and thirty-nine (639) patients (male 32.9%, female 63.2%; gynecological cancer 41%, gastrointestinal 19.2%, urogenital 15.6%) took part. 60% of all patients used CAM in the last 3 months (biological 73%, holistic 63%, mind–body methods 62%). Higher self-efficacy was associated with higher interest in CAM (p = 0.03), but not usage of CAM, compared to patients with lower self-efficacy (p = 0.099). Higher patient activation was associated with higher interest in CAM (p = 0.004) and usage of CAM (p = 0.012). Patients with higher activation significantly more often used homeopathy (p = 0.007), prayer (p = 0.002), yoga, etc. (p = 0.032), meditation (p = 0.002), low carb or ketogenic diets (p < 0.001) (but not vegan or other cancer diets). Higher patient activation is associated with higher usage of CAM. Focusing on patient activation as a goal in patient–physician relationship will help patients to adhere to a healthy lifestyle and to actively participate in the whole treatment process.
“I Think I Am Getting There” Understanding the Computational Identity of Engineering Students Participating in a Computationally Intensive Thermodynamics Course
Authors: Shoaib Huma , Madamanchi Aasakiran , Pienaar Elsje , Umulis David M. , Cardella Monica E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn response to the growing computational intensity of the healthcare industry, biomedical engineering (BME) undergraduate education is placing increased emphasis on computation. The presence of substantial gender disparities in many computationally intensive disciplines suggests that the adoption of computational instruction approaches that lack intentionality may exacerbate gender disparities. Educational research suggests that the development of an engineering and computational identity is one factor that can support students’ decisions to enter and persist in an engineering major. Discipline-based identity research is used as a lens to understand retention and persistence of students in engineering. Our specific purpose is to apply discipline-based identity research to define and explore the computational identities of undergraduate engineering students who engage in computational environments. This work will inform future studies regarding retention and persistence of students who engage in computational courses. Twenty-eight undergraduate engineering students (20 women, 8 men) from three engineering majors (biomedical engineering, agricultural engineering, and biological engineering) participated in semi-structured interviews. The students discussed their experiences in a computationally-intensive thermodynamics course offered jointly by the Biomedical Engineering and Agricultural & Biological Engineering departments. The transcribed interviews were analyzed through thematic coding. The gender stereotypes associated with computer programming also come part and parcel with computer programming, possibly threatening a student's sense of belonging in engineering. The majority of the participants reported that their computational identity was “in the making.” Students’ responses also suggested that their engineering identity and their computational identity were in congruence, while some incongruence is found between their engineering identity and a creative identity as well as between computational identity and perceived feminine norms. Responses also indicate that students associate specific skills with having a computational identity. This study's findings present an emergent thematic definition of a computational person constructed from student perceptions and experiences. Instructors can support students’ nascent computational identities through intentional mitigation of the gender stereotypes and biases, and by framing assignments to focus on developing specific skills associated with the computational modeling processes.
Religion and the Global History of Europe
Authors: Green Abigail 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
European history has been defined as a field by a notion of Europe—its borders, values, civilization, and nationalities—that is structured by Christianity and its secular legacies. Rather than seeking to globalize the history of Europe by considering the impact of European Christianity on other parts of the world, and how it was impacted by them, this article challenges that narrative. It asks how the historiography of Europe can be integrated with the historiographies of Europe’s historic non-Christian populations, namely Jews and Muslims. These are historiographies with their own rhythms, conceptual frameworks, and geographies in which Europe carries quite different connotations. They shift our attention from the north and west to the south and east, enjoining us to think differently about Europe and the diversity that has always existed within it. Separately, these historiographies speak to very different experiences. Taken together, they help us to think differently about the interface between Europe and the world, and to write the history of Europe itself against the grain.
Costs and Benefits of Branded Drugs: Insights from Cost-Effectiveness Research
Authors: Frech H. E. , Pauly Mark V. , Comanor William S. , Martinez Joseph R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe relationship between costs and health benefits of branded pharmaceuticals remains controversial. This paper examines the incremental costs incurred for incremental health benefits gained from the largest available sample of cost-effectiveness studies of branded drugs in the USA, the 1994–2015 Tufts Registry of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses. Earlier studies used small, specialized samples of drugs. We use linear regression analysis to estimate the association in those studies between additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental pharmaceutical costs. The preferred sample uses 476 studies involving branded pharmaceuticals with both higher costs and increased effectiveness compared to the previous standard of care. Regressions of costs on QALYs imply that an additional QALY is associated, on average, with a $28,561 increase in cost (95 % CI, $18,853–$38,270). This regression explains 20 % of the variation in sample costs. In this analytical sample, a share of the variation in the cost of pharmaceuticals is, therefore, not random but rather associated with variation in QALYs; prices are to some extent “value-based.” Our results are robust to varying sample inclusion criteria and to the funding source. In subgroup analyses, the highest cost per QALY was $44,367 (95 % CI, $35,373–$53,361). Costs of pharmaceuticals in this data set are, on average, lower than common estimates of the monetary value of a QALY to American consumers. As in other studies, we find that sellers of patent-protected beneficial new technology appear to capture only a fraction of the benefits provided.
Conservative Treatment of Evidence
Authors: Fatollahi Alireza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses two conservative ways of treating evidence. (I) Closing inquiry involves discounting evidence bearing on one's belief unless it is particularly strong evidence; (II) biased assimilation involves dedicating more investigative resources to scrutinizing disconfirming evidence (than confirming evidence), thereby increasing the chances of finding reasons to dismiss it. It is natural to worry that these practices lead to irrational biases in favor of one's existing beliefs, and that they make one's epistemic condition significantly path-sensitive by giving a bigger role to batches of evidence obtained earlier in the course of inquiry compared with those subsequently acquired. However, I argue that both practices are demanded by considerations of practical rationality. I also argue that, contrary to initial appearances, there is little reason to worry about the effects of these practices on the dynamics of one's beliefs.