bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Variables Affecting Definitional Skills: Extending Previous Research on Word Definitions
Authors: Gavriilidou Zoe , Markos Angelos , Dourou Chryssa 
Published: October 2022

Background and Purpose. Given that definitional skills are closely related to literacy and reading comprehension, the purpose of this study was to extend the existing literature in definitional skills by empirically investigating the effect of new parameters that may affect word definitions and definitional types of content and form, such as grammatical categories, word structure, and semantic characteristics.
Methods. The sample consisted of 5152 recorded oral definitions produced by 322 individuals (pre-schoolers, school-age children, university students, and adults), who were asked to define 16 words orally. Deﬁnitions were transcribed and scored on a six-point scale along a continuum that reflects the developmental path of the definitions.
Results. The results indicated a significant interaction between grammatical category and word structure for content and form and also between word structure and semantic characteristics only for content. Furthermore, the grammatical category, word structure, and semantic characteristics were strongly associated with specific definitional types for content and form.
Implications. This paper broadens our knowledge on definitional skills and offers new insights into the variables that affect the production of definitions.
Cognitive Predictors of Coherence in Adult ESL Learners’ Writing
Authors: Saeed Abdul , Everatt John , Sadeghi Amir , Munir Athar 
Published: October 2022

Background. Coherence is considered one of the most important qualities of written discourse. Despite its fundamental importance, it is still considered a fuzzy and abstract concept in most English Second Language (ESL) contexts. Consequently, many ESL learners struggle to produce a coherent text. Morphological, phonological, orthographic awareness, vocabulary knowledge, and grammatical competence have been identified as predictors of writing quality in novice writers. There is, however, a lack of data to assess whether such linguistic skills also predict coherence in adult ESL learners’ writing.
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to find out the relationships among a set of linguistic skills measures which included morphological, phonological, orthographic awareness, vocabulary knowledge and grammatical competence and coherence in adult ESL learners’ writing.
Methods. To testify to the potential predictors of coherence in ESL writing, adult university students (126) were assessed by the measures of the linguistic skills mentioned above in addition to four measures of coherence: two relatively reader-based measures (ILETS and the Holistic Coherence Scale) and two relatively text-based measures (Topical Structure Analysis and Topic Based Analysis). All measures of the study were proved valid and reliable.
Results. The findings revealed that vocabulary knowledge, morphological awareness, and grammatical competence were related to the coherence measures, particularly the reader-based measures. In contrast, measures of phonological and orthographic awareness generally did not correlate with the coherence measures.
Implication. Reasons for the associations among the variables of the study were discussed and areas for future research were offered.
Comparing Two Measures of L2 Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge Using their Relationship with Vocabulary Size
Authors: Dabbagh Ali , Janebi Enayat Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

Background. This study compared two tests of second language (L2) depth of vocabulary knowledge, namely the word association test (WAT) and vocabulary knowledge scale (VKS), with respect to their associations with vocabulary size. The same relationships were further examined separately for the five word-frequency bands of the vocabulary size test.
Method. 115 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners who were native speakers of Persian took the WAT, VKS, and Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT). The selected participants were undergraduates who ranged from freshmen to junior and were both male (n=47) and female (n=68) students.
Results. The outcomes of multiple linear regression analyses indicated that: (a) while both measures of vocabulary depth were predictive of the VLT, the WAT had a higher association with the dependent variable; (b) both the WAT and VKS were predictive of the high-frequency vocabulary, with the relationships being more significant for the WAT; (c) the WAT could significantly predict the mid-frequency vocabulary, whereas the VKS had no significant contribution; and (d) while the VKS was significantly associated with the low-frequency vocabulary, the WAT had no significant contribution to the prediction of this level.
Implications. The implications of the findings are interpreted with reference to the suitability of both the WAT and VKS depending on the type of input, expected response, and desired frequency of the target words.
Developing and Piloting a Q-sample on Chinese Language Learners’ Epistemic Beliefs
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Nikitina Larisa , Kaur Jagdish , Furuoka Fumitaka 
Published: October 2022

Background. Epistemic beliefs refer to a person’s viewpoints about the nature of knowledge and the process of knowing. A number of studies have explored language learners’ subjective views about what knowing and learning a foreign or a second language (L2) means to them personally. For the most part, these studies adopted quantitative research designs and employed self-reported questionnaires with Likert-type scales to collect the data.
Purpose. This pilot study aimed to assess feasibility of adopting Q-methodology (Q) for explorations of language-related epistemic beliefs held by Chinese university students. A detailed account is given of the development of the research instrument (Q-sample); the findings from the Q-sample piloting are reported.
Methods. The newly-developed Q-sample consisting of 45 statements was tested among six students learning the English language in a university in Mainland China. The students were at a different level of the English language proficiency. The 11-point Q-sorting grid had the values ranging from -5 (“Most disagree”) to +5 (“Most agree”). To gain deeper insights into the students’ personal epistemologies, a semi-structured post Q-sorting interview was conducted with each student.
Results. The newly-developed Q-sample was found suitable for exploring language-related epistemic beliefs. Two groups of students sharing similar beliefs were distinguished. Students who clustered together to form Factor 1 held stronger viewpoints concerning certainty of knowledge; these students were at a lower English language proficiency level. The students who conglomerated on Factor 2 were at a higher level of language proficiency and they held stronger opinions relating to the authority and source of knowledge.
Implications. The findings highlighted the relevance and salience of the epistemic beliefs pertaining to the process of acquiring knowledge. Further research with larger numbers of students is required to explore the role of language proficiency in shaping language learners’ personal epistemologies.
Digital Support for Teaching Punctuation in Academic Writing in English
Authors: Ivanova Marina , Arupova Nadezhda , Mekeko Natalya 
Published: October 2022

Background. Academic writing skills are crucial to the enterprise of higher education, because much of the academic communication is in writing. As a rule, foreign language learners face different problems with vocabulary misuse, grammatical errors, spelling, capitalization, punctuation and some others when write academic texts in English. There are various technologies for solving these problems. One of them is digital support, because traditional types of academic writing instruction in the classroom are not always sufficient.
Purpose. The present study researches the influence of digital support on students’ knowledge and punctuation skills in academic writing in English.
Methods. The paper summarizes the results of an empirical study: training punctuation in academic writing lessons for two groups of students. The control group was applied a face-to-face and a text-book based traditional methodology. The experimental group was trained not only with a basic text-book but also with digital support. The level of knowledge and abilities in punctuation were measured with three final tests.
Results. The results obtained indicate that digital support has significant didactic potential that is why it should be applied permanently in academic writing training process.
Changes of Meta-Representational Skills in Ageing: First Empirical Evidence on the Relation between Metalinguistic Competence and Attributions of Mental States
Authors: Bianco Federica , Castelli Ilaria , Belacchi Carmen 
Published: October 2022

Background. The present paper focuses on meta-representational changes occurring in ageing by studying the decline in Definitional Competence, an ability so far little studied in this period of life.
Purpose. The paper hypothesises a relation between Theory of Mind (ToM) and Definitional Competence, in a view that posits the former as a preparatory and facilitating competence for a more complex linguistic production, that is lexicographic definition. The effects of levels of education on the decline in ageing for Definitional Competence and ToM are also investigated.
Methods. We recruited 24 adults (age range 21–55), 25 young-old adults (age range 60–70) and 25 old-old adults (age range 71–85) and administered them the Eyes task to measure ToM and the Co.De. Scale to assess Definitional Competence.
Results. Results suggest that Definitional Competence declines earlier on than ToM, mirroring the well-known process according to which in semantic knowledge, during ageing, taxonomic relations are lost before thematic ones. Our results also show that better levels of education are associated with better performance in both our key constructs and that ToM predicts Definitional Competence, in line with our expectations.
Conclusion. The paper offers one of the first systematic studies on the changes in Definitional Competence during the last phase of life and it provides theoretical insights into the relation between ToM and Definitional Competence in ageing.
Implications. The paper is informative for future interventions aimed at enhancing linguistic and metalinguistic skills in ageing through the preservation of better levels of awareness and the assumption of a decentralised perspective in interpersonal communication.
Human-Induced Earthquakes: The Performance of Questionnaire Schemes
Authors: Foulger Gillian R. , Wilkinson Maxwell W. , Wilson Miles P. , Gluyas Jon G. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Questionnaire schemes are commonly used to investigate whether or not certain earthquakes were induced by industrial activity. Such schemes are subjective and cannot be assumed to give the “right” answer in a scientifically rigorous sense. They only yield current expert opinion on how strongly existing data support an induced or natural cause. Work to optimize a standard generic questionnaire is ongoing. To this end, we designed and compared three schemes that produce measures of data quality and support for human induction. One scheme is a generalization of an existing questionnaire for assessing fluid-injection-associated earthquakes. A second scheme is purely subjective, and a third scheme is purely objective. Because questionnaires are opinion-dependent, different analysts produce different results. We tested the three schemes on 55 diverse cases from the Human-Induced Earthquake Database with the maximum magnitude earthquakes M 4.1–7.9. The results of three analysts correlate with each other at the r ∼ 0.4–0.9 level. Higher correlations were found between schemes than between analysts. A simple, rapid, five-question Likert scale correlated well (r = 0.79) with results from a sophisticated, time-consuming scheme. Measures of data quality were uncorrelated with Mmax, and support for human induction correlated weakly negatively with Mmax. One scheme identified an earthquake sequence not proposed to have been human-induced but that has induced characteristics. New mechanisms of induction are still being recognized, and it is important that questionnaire schemes do not preclude new developments in future.
Anatomical variations of radial artery and its morphology with clinical implications
Authors: Mukherjee Barnali , Sarkar Amita , Samanta Shubhrangsu , Kannabathula Ajay Babu 
Published: October 2022

Background: The radial artery (RA) is a continuation of the brachial artery and is one of the major blood supplying vessels to the structures of the forearm. It is originated in the cubital fossa at the level of the neck of the radius. It runs on the lateral aspect of the forearm before it reaches the wrist and branches out to supply the hand. The RA is also important clinically due to its location at the wrist, as it can be felt as a pulse and can be used to determine the heart rate. It is the artery of choice for coronary artery angiography, percutaneous coronary artery intervention, cannulation, and others. The main objective of this study is to study the variation in origin and course of the RA in cadavers.Methods: The present study was conducted with 100 upper limbs of 50 cadavers in the department of anatomy, Gouri devi institute medical sciences and hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal over a period of 2 years. By conventional dissection method, the axillary region, arm, forearm, and hand of each limb were dissected to clarify the course and branches of the RA. This anatomical descriptive study was conducted after approval of the ethical committee. The study period was March 2018 to August 2020.Results: RA took high origin from the brachial artery in arm is 6.66%. The maximum length was measured was 23.7 cm, minimum length was 18 cm and the mean value is 21.25. The RA after giving its branches continued in the forearm. In 96.88%, RA arose normally in cubital fossa.Conclusions: The anatomy and morphology of RA have many documented variations. Radiologist and surgeons should have a good understanding of normal morphological variations of RA.
The Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Job Satisfaction among Nurses in a Teaching Hospital in 2020
Authors: Dargahpour Maryam , Jalali Parisa , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: October 2022

Background: Job satisfaction and the quality of work life are measured as indicators of organizational development in many studies.Work’s nurses affected from this two variables .This research aims to study the relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction among nurses.
Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study. Research population included 538 nurses in Golestan hospital in Ahvaz in 2020. 111 nurses were selected through simple random sampling. Data collection instruments were Walton quality of work life and Whiskey and Chrome job satisfaction questionnaires. The reliability and validity were measured. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, independent t-test and ANOVA in SPSS20.
Results: In this study, 32.40 % of the participants were male and 67.60 % were female. Quality of work life and job satisfaction showed a significant and moderate correlation (r = 0.36, P-value < 0.001). Results indicated a significant correlation between job satisfaction and components of quality of work life (P-value< 0.05), except for the general atmosphere of working life (P-value> 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the study's variables and demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: There is a significant relation between the quality of work life and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction among nurses in Ahvaz hospitals can be increased by implementing programs to improve the quality of work life.
Human Resource Management Problems for Private Madrasah Aliyah Teachers in Regency
Authors: Fitria Nor , Istikomah  
Published: October 2022

Management is the process of utilizing all the resources owned by the organization to achieve the goals that have been set. management in a broad sense is planning, organizing, directing, and controlling organizational resources to achieve goals effectively and efficiently. The objectives of this study are to describe the problems of teacher human resource management at private madrasah aliyah in Sampang regency. This study uses a qualitative approach, which aims to explain the problem of human resource management for private Madrasah aliyah teachers, a qualitative approach is considered a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of words from observations, interviews and documentation. Data collection techniques by reviewing documents, interviews, and observations. It is analyzed through the following stages: data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this study indicate that the problem with teacher human resources is that the number of teachers who teach is not in accordance with their academic qualifications because the management function of teacher human resources in madrasah aliyah does not run optimally starting from planning, management, procurement, procurement, development, assessment, control, compensation and dismissal. and the causes of the problem of teacher human resources are divided into two factors, namely internal factors, the character of teachers, lack of teacher innovation, lack of motivation and indifference to various changes, limited funds available while external causes such as Madrasah environmental conditions and conditions of socio-cultural development of the community, lack of continuous support from organization in teacher HR Management.
INTEGRATING EXPERIMENTS WITH SUBTIDAL DEATH ASSEMBLAGES TO UNVEIL THE PREDATORY HABITS OF MURICID GASTROPODS FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN PACIFIC
Authors: MARTINELLI J.C. , RUZ C.S. , PÉREZ-MATUS A. , RIVADENEIRA M.M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs quantitative tools, drill holes have been used to calculate predation frequencies in time and space. These traces can also inform predator preference and some strategies predators use to drill on prey (e.g., edge drilling, site stereotypy, or alternative modes of predation when there is no drill hole). In this study, our goal was to leverage the informative power of drill holes to characterize the predatory habits of muricid gastropods from the central coast of Chile. We integrated information from experiments and death assemblages (DAs) to unveil the predatory strategy of Ancathina monodon, Crassilabrum crasilabrum, and Concholepas concholepas on the mobile gastropod Tegula tridentata and the sessile bivalve Perumytilus purpuratus. Experiments supported previous findings for predatory strategies (basal spine for Ancathina and alternative modes of predation for Concholepas), and showed the stereotypic predation of Crassilabrum on Tegula—a herbivore that is devastating subtidal kelp forests. Based on drill holes from DAs, at least 11 molluscan families are consumed by muricids in these communities. DAs also helped validate the stereotypic predation of Crassilabrum on Tegula, as drill holes were found in the same position both in experiments and DAs. Despite their thinner shells, mytilids were well represented in DAs and were found with drill holes in the five locations sampled. We describe for the first time the predatory strategy of Crassilabrum in Chile and confirm that muricids other than Concholepas are active predators on subtidal rocky habitats from the southeastern Pacific Ocean, a region that is still understudied.
LEAVES IN IRON OXIDE: REMARKABLE PRESERVATION OF A NEOGENE FLORA FROM NEW CALEDONIA
Authors: LOCATELLI EMMA R. , BRIGGS DEREK E.G. , LESLIE ANDREW , MUNZINGER JÉRÔME , GRANDCOLAS PHILIPPE , LOWRY PORTER P. , CANTRILL DAVID J. , MAURIZOT PIERRE , CLUZEL DOMINIQUE , FOLCHER NICOLAS , GARROUSTE ROMAIN , NEL ANDRÉ 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A Neogene hematite-goethite concretionary ‘ironstone' horizon in laterized fluvial sediments in the Massif du Sud of New Caledonia yields abundant fossil dicotyledonous angiosperm leaves. The leaves are preserved in iron oxide, mainly goethite, which replicates the morphology and anatomy of the leaf tissues and comprises 73% of the matrix. Organic remains are minimal and associated with aluminosilicate clay. Leaf tissues are preserved three-dimensionally in multiple ways including casts/molds, permineralization/petrifaction, and replacement. Although the mesophyll is less well preserved, reflecting its greater susceptibility to decay, cellular details of vascular and epidermal tissues are commonly evident. Analyses of leaves from an analogous modern setting reveal the early encrustation and impregnation of tissues by amorphous iron-oxides and clays in association with a microbial biofilm. We propose a taphonomic model in which the fossil leaves, like their modern counterparts, were permeated by iron oxides due to the high availability of iron derived from weathering of ultramafic basement. In contrast to the iron-rich aluminosilicate coatings that form in relatively iron-poor settings, the unusually high concentration of dissolved iron oxides permitted rapid anatomical preservation.
Interventions and practices using Comfort Theory of Kolcaba to promote adults’ comfort: an evidence and gap map protocol of international effectiveness studies
Authors: Lin Yanxia , Zhou Yi , Chen Can 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Comfort is a primary patient objective and central to patient experience and thus maximising comfort is a universal goal for healthcare. However, comfort is a complex concept that is difficult to operationalise and evaluate, resulting in a lack of scientific and standardised comfort care practices. The Comfort Theory developed by Kolcaba has been the most widely known for its systematization and projection and most of the global publications regarding comfort care were based on this theory. To develop international guidance on theory-informed comfort care, a better understanding about the evidence on the effects of interventions guided by the Comfort Theory is needed.
Objectives: To map and present the available evidence on the effects of interventions underpinned by Kolcaba’s Comfort theory in healthcare settings
Methods: The mapping review will follow Campbell Evidence and Gap Maps guideline and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Protocols guidelines. An intervention-outcome framework has been developed based on Comfort Theory and the classification of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions via consultation with stakeholders. Nine electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, AMED, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, Wan Fang) and grey literature sources (Cochrane Library, and JBI Library of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar. The Comfort Line) will be searched for primary studies and systematic reviews between 1991-2022 written in English and Chinese. Additional studies will be identified by reference list review of included studies. Key authors will be contacted for unpublished or ongoing studies. Two independent reviewers will screen and extract data using piloted forms with discrepancies resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. A matrix map with filters of study characteristics will be generated and presented through software of EPPI‐Mapper and NVivo.
Discussion: More informed use of theory can strengthen improvement programmes and facilitate the evaluation of their effectiveness. Findings from the evidence and gap map will present the existing evidence base for researchers, practitioners and policy makes, inform further research as well as clinical practices aiming at patients’ comfort enhancement.