bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bound-constrained global optimization of functions with low effective dimensionality using multiple random embeddings
Authors: Cartis Coralia , Massart Estelle , Otemissov Adilet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider the bound-constrained global optimization of functions with low effective dimensionality, that are constant along an (unknown) linear subspace and only vary over the effective (complement) subspace. We aim to implicitly explore the intrinsic low dimensionality of the constrained landscape using feasible random embeddings, in order to understand and improve the scalability of algorithms for the global optimization of these special-structure problems. A reduced subproblem formulation is investigated that solves the original problem over a random low-dimensional subspace subject to affine constraints, so as to preserve feasibility with respect to the given domain. Under reasonable assumptions, we show that the probability that the reduced problem is successful in solving the original, full-dimensional problem is positive. Furthermore, in the case when the objective’s effective subspace is aligned with the coordinate axes, we provide an asymptotic bound on this success probability that captures its polynomial dependence on the effective and, surprisingly, ambient dimensions. We then propose X-REGO, a generic algorithmic framework that uses multiple random embeddings, solving the above reduced problem repeatedly, approximately and possibly, adaptively. Using the success probability of the reduced subproblems, we prove that X-REGO converges globally, with probability one, and linearly in the number of embeddings, to an $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-neighbourhood of a constrained global minimizer. Our numerical experiments on special structure functions illustrate our theoretical findings and the improved scalability of X-REGO variants when coupled with state-of-the-art global—and even local—optimization solvers for the subproblems.
Analysis of the Frank–Wolfe method for convex composite optimization involving a logarithmically-homogeneous barrier
Authors: Zhao Renbo , Freund Robert M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present and analyze a new generalized Frank–Wolfe method for the composite optimization problem$$(P): {\min }_{x\in {\mathbb {R}}^n} \; f(\mathsf {A} x) + h(x)$$(P):minx∈Rnf(Ax)+h(x), wherefis a$$\theta $$θ-logarithmically-homogeneous self-concordant barrier,$$\mathsf {A}$$Ais a linear operator and the functionhhas a bounded domain but is possibly non-smooth. We show that our generalized Frank–Wolfe method requires$$O((\delta _0 + \theta + R_h)\ln (\delta _0) + (\theta + R_h)^2/\varepsilon )$$O((δ0+θ+Rh)ln(δ0)+(θ+Rh)2/ε)iterations to produce an$$\varepsilon $$ε-approximate solution, where$$\delta _0$$δ0denotes the initial optimality gap and$$R_h$$Rhis the variation ofhon its domain. This result establishes certain intrinsic connections between$$\theta $$θ-logarithmically homogeneous barriers and the Frank–Wolfe method. When specialized to theD-optimal design problem, we essentially recover the complexity obtained by Khachiyan (Math Oper Res 21 (2): 307–320, 1996) using the Frank–Wolfe method with exact line-search. We also study the (Fenchel) dual problem of (P), and we show that our new method is equivalent to an adaptive-step-size mirror descent method applied to the dual problem. This enables us to provide iteration complexity bounds for the mirror descent method despite the fact that the dual objective function is non-Lipschitz and has unbounded domain. In addition, we present computational experiments that point to the potential usefulness of our generalized Frank–Wolfe method on Poisson image de-blurring problems with TV regularization, and on simulated PET problem instances.
Uniqueness and hyperconic geometry of positioning with biased distance measurements
Authors: Hou M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPositioning an object with biased distance measurements is exactly solvable if exact knowledge of the reference locations and noise-free range measurements are assumed. By examining the positioning algebra, this paper obtains explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the positioning problem to have a unique or twin solutions. The intersection of negative hyperconic halves is shown to be an exact geometric interpretation of the positioning solutions. The placement of non-coplanar references largely ensures but does not guarantee unique positioning. Given a set of references, object region for non-unique positioning is identifiable by using the conditions derived in this work. The placement of five references to form an asymmetric hexahedron is postulated to be sufficient for unique positioning in a three-dimensional environment. Illustrative examples explain these findings.
Abundance and richness of invertebrates in shade-grown versus sun-exposed coffee home gardens in Indonesia
Authors: Campera Marco , Budiadi Budiadi , Bušina Tomáš , Fathoni Baladzuri Hafizh , Dermody Janine , Nijman Vincent , Imron Muhammad Ali , Nekaris K. A. I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComplex agroforestry systems are suggested as a possible solution to reduce the effects of deforestation in the tropics while enhancing the livelihoods of local human populations. Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most important commodity crops in the world that can easily be cultivated in complex agroforestry systems. Coffee agroforestry systems usually sustain higher biodiversity levels than sun-exposed fields while keeping similar levels of productivity considering the several benefits of growing coffee under a complex system. We aim to explore the richness and abundance of invertebrates in coffee home gardens in West Java, Indonesia by comparing 14 sun-exposed and 14 shade-grown gardens. We collected data in March/April 2019 via pitfall traps, pan traps, and beating tray in each field. We ran generalised linear models to assess whether the number of species and the number of individuals of insects differed between sun-exposed vs. shade-grown coffee gardens, and tested associations between main taxa. Overall, there was no difference in the richness (sun-exposed: 19.86 ± SE1.19; shade-grown: 19.71 ± SE1.19; Z-value = 0.12, p value = 0.904) and abundance (sun-exposed: 141.93 ± SE 3.18; shade-grown: 139.93 ± SE3.16; Z-value = 0.35, p value = 0.706) of invertebrates in coffee gardens, although taxa specific differences were present. Sun-exposed fields had a higher abundance of invertebrates considered as pests (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae, Ectobiidae; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Lycidae and Tenebrionidae; Diptera: Anisolabididae, Drosophilidae and Sarcophagidae). Camponotus spp. were the most dominant ants in shade-grown gardens while Dolichoderus spp. and Myrmicaria spp. were more abundant in sun-exposed gardens. Despite the fact that sun-exposed coffee fields registered higher abundance of invertebrate pests than shade-grown coffee fields, the richness of invertebrates did not substantially vary between sun-exposed and shade-grown coffee, suggesting that the matrix of gardens offers advanced ecosystem services. It is important to keep the complexity of agroforestry systems that provide key habitats for biodiversity.
The Singularity and Cosingularity Categories of C∗BG for Groups with Cyclic Sylow p-subgroups
Authors: Benson Dave , Greenlees John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe construct a differential graded algebra (DGA) modelling certain $A_{\infty }$

A

∞

algebras associated with a finite group G with cyclic Sylow subgroups, namely H∗BG and $H_{*}{\Omega } BG{^{^{\wedge }}_p}$

H

∗

Ω
B

G

p

∧

. We use our construction to investigate the singularity and cosingularity categories of these algebras. We give a complete classification of the indecomposables in these categories, and describe the Auslander–Reiten quiver. The theory applies to Brauer tree algebras in arbitrary characteristic, and we end with an example in characteristic zero coming from the Hecke algebras of symmetric groups.
On the binary formulation of air traffic flow management problems
Authors: Hamdan Sadeque , Jouini Oualid , Cheaitou Ali , Jemai Zied , Granberg Tobias Andersson 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe discuss a widely used air traffic flow management formulation. We show that this formulation can lead to a solution where air delays are assigned to flights during their take-off which is prohibited in practice. Although air delay is more expensive than ground delay, the model may assign air delay to a few flights during their take-off to save more on not having as much ground delay. We present a modified formulation and verify its functionality in avoiding incorrect solutions.
Implications of ACC/AHA Versus ESC/EAS LDL-C Recommendations for Residual Risk Reduction in ASCVD: A Simulation Study From DA VINCI
Authors: Vallejo-Vaz Antonio J. , Bray Sarah , Villa Guillermo , Brandts Julia , Kiru Gaia , Murphy Jennifer , Banach Maciej , De Servi Stefano , Gaita Dan , Gouni-Berthold Ioanna , Kees Hovingh G. , Jozwiak Jacek J. , Jukema J. Wouter , Gabor Kiss Robert , Kownator Serge , Iversen Helle K. , Maher Vincent , Masana Luis , Parkhomenko Alexander , Peeters André , Clifford Piers , Raslova Katarina , Siostrzonek Peter , Romeo Stefano , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Vrablik Michal , Catapano Alberico L. , Poulter Neil R. , Ray Kausik K. ,   On behalf of the DA VINCI Study Investigators
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) recommendations differ between the 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and 2019 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) guidelines for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (< 70 vs. < 55 mg/dl, respectively). In the DA VINCI study, residual cardiovascular risk was predicted in ASCVD patients. The extent to which relative and absolute risk might be lowered by achieving ACC/AHA versus ESC/EAS LDL-C recommended approaches was simulated.

Methods
DA VINCI was a cross-sectional observational study of patients prescribed lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) across 18 European countries. Ten-year cardiovascular risk (CVR) was predicted among ASCVD patients receiving stabilized LLT. For patients with LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl, the absolute LDL-C reduction required to achieve an LDL-C of < 70 or < 55 mg/dl (LDL-C of 69 or 54 mg/dl, respectively) was calculated. Relative and absolute risk reductions (RRRs and ARRs) were simulated.

Results
Of the 2039 patients, 61% did not achieve LDL-C < 70 mg/dl. For patients with LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl, median (interquartile range) baseline LDL-C and 10-year CVR were 93 (81–115) mg/dl and 32% (25–43%), respectively. Median LDL-C reductions of 24 (12–46) and 39 (27–91) mg/dl were needed to achieve an LDL-C of 69 and 54 mg/dl, respectively. Attaining ACC/AHA or ESC/EAS goals resulted in simulated RRRs of 14% (7–25%) and 22% (15–32%), respectively, and ARRs of 4% (2–7%) and 6% (4–9%), respectively.

Conclusion
In ASCVD patients, achieving ESC/EAS LDL-C goals could result in a 2% additional ARR over 10 years versus the ACC/AHA approach.

Graphical abstract
An empirical analysis of image augmentation against model inversion attack in federated learning
Authors: Shin Seunghyeon , Boyapati Mallika , Suo Kun , Kang Kyungtae , Son Junggab 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFederated Learning (FL) is a technology that facilitates a sophisticated way to train distributed data. As the FL does not expose sensitive data in the training process, it was considered privacy-safe deep learning. However, a few recent studies proved that it is possible to expose the hidden data by exploiting the shared models only. One common solution for the data exposure is differential privacy that adds noise to hinder such an attack, however, it inevitably involves a trade-off between privacy and utility. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of image augmentation as an alternative defense strategy that has less impact of the trade-off. We conduct comprehensive experiments on the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets with 14 augmentations and 9 magnitudes. As a result, the best combination of augmentation and magnitude for each image class in the datasets was discovered. Also, our results show that a well-fitted augmentation strategy can outperform differential privacy.
The Impact of Message Content and Format on Initial Parental Engagement in a Parenting Intervention: An Experimental Study
Authors: Gonzalez Carolina , Morawska Alina , Haslam Divna M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Engagement strategies are commonly used to enhance parents’ involvement in parenting interventions. However, few strategies have been evaluated to determine their effectiveness at increasing initial engagement. This study tested the effectiveness of message content (benefits vs. costs) and format (video vs. written) of engagement strategies on the initial engagement (i.e., recruitment, enrolment, and first attendance) of parents to parenting interventions.

Methods
Participants were 692 parents of children aged 2 to 12 years old. Parents were randomly allocated to one of four experimental conditions, which tested the combination of message (benefits vs. costs) and format (video vs. written). Recruitment, enrolment, and first attendance were measured as part of parent’s initial engagement to a self-directed parenting intervention.

Results
Neither message content nor format had an effect on recruitment, enrolment, or first attendance. However, parents who saw the costs content were significantly more likely to review the intervention workbook compared to parents who saw the message about the benefits of the intervention.

Conclusions
Brief testimonials have the potential to early engage parents when the message is positive, independently of its format. Future research should further explore the effects of different messages as well as other engagement strategies used to engage parents.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001282279, prospectively registered 30/07/2018.
An extensive dust storm impact on air quality on 22 November 2018 in Sydney, Australia, using satellite remote sensing and ground data
Authors: Attiya Ali A. , Jones Brian G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recurrent dust storms represent a significant concern in Australia because of their related hazards and damages since particulate matter (PM) has harmful impacts on the environmental, health and economic sectors. The particulate matter may be released from natural sources and human activities. The major part of natural particulate matter is emitted into the air by wind erosion processes from desert and semi-desert areas at the world scale. A huge dust storm crossed over several areas of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, including the Sydney region on 21–22 November 2018 and decreased the horizontal visibility to less than 1 km for 22 h. This study examined the synoptic weather conditions, and assessed the air quality and identified the source and transport trajectory of the dust storm over Sydney using ground and satellite remote sensing data. PM10 (< 10 μm) concentrations were obtained from selected air quality monitoring sites operated by the Environmental Protection Agency in NSW. The highest hourly concentration of PM10 (578.7 μg/m3) was recorded at Singleton in the Hunter Valley, while concentrations in Sydney ranged from 480 to 385 μg/m3, well above the standard air quality level in Australia (50 μg/m3 per 24 h). The HYSPLIT back trajectories of air parcels suggest that the potential sources of the dust episode originated from the Lake Eyre Basin and northeast South Australia, the Mundi Mundi plains west of Broken Hill, Cobar and the grazing lands and the red sandplains in northwestern NSW. It then travelled towards the east coast. These long-range airflows transported suspended dust particles, raising air quality to hazardous levels (elevated PM10 levels) over most areas of NSW. The results from the HYSPLIT model for dust movement are confirmed by MODIS satellite images. Many areas of NSW experienced this intense dust storm due to northwest wind generated by the low-pressure systems and cold fronts over South Australia and many parts of western NSW as it moved eastward.
Barriers and drivers for sustainable business model innovation based on a radical farmland change scenario
Authors: Hansson Anna M. , Pedersen Eja , Karlsson Niklas P. E. , Weisner Stefan E. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe agricultural sector has a critical role in creating social and environmental value of natural resources in addition to its traditional role of creating economic value by supplying food to the ever-increasing world population. In fulfilling this dual role, the agricultural sector often faces competing pressures: to operate financially profitable businesses and to create, maintain, and benefit from ecosystem services (ES) in their operations. This paper analyses these pressures in an examination of drivers and barriers to the initiation of the business model innovation process for sustainability (BMIpfS) as perceived by ten agricultural business managers who operate farms in southern Sweden. The paper explores the interplay between managerial cognition and business decisions as revealed in semi-structured interviews. The new ES in focus connect to radical land-use change, paludiculture, as used in the rewetting of farmland intended to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that drained peat soil causes. The paper contributes to the literature by identifying drivers and barriers that moderates the initiation of the BMIpfS. Although the managers acknowledge the importance of long-term, sustainable social, and environmental value creation, they have grave doubts about the profitability of activities associated with the preservation of peat soils and connected ES. These managers would benefit from taking a more proactive, long-term approach to business model changes for sustainability and from acquiring more knowledge about market demand for sustainability-oriented ES. Successful facilitation and implementation of knowledge transfer and government subsidies that support ES could improve the turning of profits based on sustainable value creation.
The Bell Experiment and the Limitations of Actors
Authors: Helland Inge S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe well known Bell experiment with two actors Alice and Bob is considered. First the simple deduction leading to the CHSH inequality under local realism is reviewed, and some arguments from the literature are recapitulated. Then I take up certain background themes before I enter a discussion of Alice’s analysis of the situation. An important point is that her mind is limited by the fact that her Hilbert space in this context is two-dimensional. General statements about a mind’s limitation during a decision process are derived from recent results on the reconstruction of quantum theory from conceptual variables. These results apply to any decision situation. Let all the data from the Bell experiment be handed over to a new actor Charlie, who performs a data analysis. But his mind is also limited: He has a four-dimensional Hilbert space in the context determined by the experiment. I show that this implies that neither Alice nor Charlie can have the argument leading to the CHSH inequality as a background for making decisions related to the experiment. Charlie may be any data analyst, and he may communicate with any person. It is argued that no rational person can be convinced by the CHSH argument when making empirical decisions on the Bell situation.
Endomyocardial biopsy in the clinical context: current indications and challenging scenarios
Authors: Porcari Aldostefano , Baggio Chiara , Fabris Enrico , Merlo Marco , Bussani Rossana , Perkan Andrea , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEndomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is an invasive procedure originally developed for the monitoring of heart transplant rejection. Over the year, this procedure has gained a fundamental complementary role in the diagnostic work-up of several cardiac disorders, including cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, drug-related cardiotoxicity, amyloidosis, other infiltrative and storage disorders, and cardiac tumours. Major advances in EMB equipment and techniques for histological analysis have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy of EMB. In recent years, advanced imaging modalities such as echocardiography with three-dimensional and myocardial strain analysis, cardiac magnetic resonance and bone scintigraphy have transformed the non-invasive approach to diagnosis and prognostic stratification of several cardiac diseases. Therefore, it emerges the need to re-define the current role of EMB for diagnostic work-up and management of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on EMB in light of the most recent evidences and to discuss current indications, including challenging scenarios encountered in clinical practice.
Physical characteristics of northern forested lakes predict sensitivity to climate change
Authors: Edlund Mark B. , Ramstack Hobbs Joy M. , Heathcote Adam J. , Engstrom Daniel R. , Saros Jasmine E. , Strock Kristin E. , Hobbs William O. , Andresen Norman A. , VanderMeulen David D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests that boreal-lake ecosystems are changing rapidly, but with variable ecological responses, due to climate warming. Paleolimnological analysis of 27 undeveloped northern forested lakes showed significant and potentially climate-mediated shifts in diatom communities and increased carbon and biogenic silica burial. We hypothesize the sensitivity of northern forested lakes to climate change will vary along two physical gradients: one reflecting direct, in-lake climate effects (propensity to thermally stratify), the other reflecting indirect watershed effects (watershed to lake-surface area ratio). We focus on the historical response of algal communities to test our two-dimensional sensitivity framework. Historical algal response was summarized by measures of diatom community turnover, changes in species and diagnostic species groups, and measures of siliceous algal and overall primary production (biogenic silica, carbon burial). Measures of algal production increased across all lake types, with carbon burial proportionately higher in polymictic lakes. Greater diatom community change occurred in deep, stratified lakes with smaller watersheds, whereas diatom species groups showed variable responses along our two-dimensional sensitivity framework. Physical characteristics of lakes and watersheds could serve as predictors of sensitivity to climate change based on paleo-indicators that are mechanistically linked to direct and indirect limnological effects of climate change.
Characterizing the Ways in Which Young Students Recognise, Describe, Explain, and Employ Variation When Analysing Data in a STEM Context
Authors: Watson Jane , Fitzallen Noleine , Wright Suzie , Kelly Ben 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis report focuses on the ways in which 36 Grade 4 students recognized, explained, described, and employed variation during interviews conducted 1 month after participating in STEM-based activities in which they tested, adjusted, and re-tested catapults. An inductive thematic methodology was used for analysis of the interview transcripts to capture the ways in which students discussed their analyses and justified their conclusions from the activity. The results were based on 1080 instances of variation in student responses to the interview questions, which evidenced three ways students characterized variation: contextual variation, specific variation, and general variation. Findings point to the essential nature of context in building statistical understanding in relation to both specific and general aspects of variation as well as decision-making in that context.