bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cigarette smoking on alveolar bone thickness and density in patients undergoing leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sahtout Ghaith F , Burhan Ahmad S , Nawaya Fehmieh R 
Published: November 2022

Objective To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the alveolar bone thickness and density in patients undergoing leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth. Methods This controlled clinical trial involved 17 smokers and 17 nonsmokers with mild to moderate crowding of the anterior mandibular teeth. Two cone-beam computed tomography images of the mandible were taken before and after treatment. The length of each tooth root was calculated in each T0 image, and the root was divided into three equal regions. Three lines were drawn parallel to the line of the cementoenamel junction at these three regions of the root, and the previously drawn lines were used to measure bone thickness and bone density. Results The mean changes in cortical bone thickness and bone density were significantly smaller in smokers than nonsmokers. Cortical bone thickness and bone density were significantly lower after than before treatment in both smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusion In addition to all of its known dangers, cigarette smoking may also harm the alveolar bone by decreasing the bone thickness and density during orthodontic treatment in heavy smokers.
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument for Chilean Students
Authors: Varela Jorge J. , Melipillán Roberto , Reschly Amy L. , Squicciarini Navarro Ana Maria , Quintanilla Felipe Peña , Campos Paola Sánchez 
Published: November 2022

Student engagement is associated with various aspects of students’ school experiences, including student achievement, high school completion, and post-secondary success. As measurement of student engagement has grown in countries around the world, few studies have been conducted in South America. This study examined a translated version of the Student Engagement Instrument, widely used in the U.S. and other countries, in a study of 2337 adolescents in Chile. Consistent with prior research, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a six-factor solution as the best fit for the data. However, fewer items were retained than on the studies of the SEI with students in the U.S. The Future Goals and Aspirations and Extrinsic motivation subscales were associated, in expected directions, with achievement 1 year later.
Validity of immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 as a biomarker for lupus nephritis
Authors: Ebaid Amany M , Ezzeldin Nillie , Abdelhady Enas I , Mohammed Heba A , Abdallah Alshimaa L 
Published: November 2022

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major issue that adds a burden on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 (IGBP1) is identified as a phosphoprotein that has been recently reported to be linked to the B-cell receptor complex and regulates differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tolerance of B cells. Its diagnostic and/or prognostic role in LN has been highlighted only recently. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the relation between serum IGBP1 and SLE disease activity and/or renal activity and to investigate the validity of IGBP1 as a biomarker for LN. Methods 96 participants were enrolled and divided into three groups: nephritis, nonnephritis, and control groups. The patients with SLE were diagnosed according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification (SLICC) criteria. The serum IGBP1 level was assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Assessments were conducted using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2k) and renal biopsy for LN patients. Results The nephritis and nonnephritis groups had higher IGBP1 levels than the controls; the nephritis group had the highest serum IGBP1 levels ( p < .001). Significant correlations were found between IGBP1 levels and proteinuria (r = 0.568, p = .001) and renal SLEDAI (r = 0.475, p = .006) in the nephritis group; on the other hand, the correlation of serum IGBP1 levels with SLEDAI-2K was non-significant for both groups (nephritis and nonnephritis groups). The IGBP1 levels were significantly different among histopathologic classes ( p < .001), with class V showing the highest level. Moreover, it showed a significant positive correlation with the pathologic activity index. Compared with renal SLEDAI for identifying active renal affection in patients with SLE, the serum IGBP1 level with a cut-off value of 547.45 ng/mL is a valid biomarker for detecting active nephritis with 93.8% sensitivity and 96.9% specificity. Conclusion The serum IGBP1 levels were high in patients with LN and were positively correlated with the pathologic activity index. The serum IGBP1 level of 547.45 ng/mL is a valid biomarker for detecting active nephritis. Thus, we recommend that clinicians monitor the serum IGBP1 level of patients with SLE to detect LN.
Low Latch Score: A Red Flag Sign and an Educational Tool for Intervention Among Mothers to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Vernekar Poonam , Bhandankar Manisha , Hiremath Pooja 
Published: November 2022

Introduction LATCH score is used by the health-care professionals (HCPs) to identify mothers who require assistance in breastfeeding. We conducted this study to assess if the low LATCH score can be an indicator to alert the HCPs for intervention to achieve exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) till 6 weeks and also used as an educational tool for mothers to understand and rectify their technique of breastfeeding. Methods In this prospective cohort study, LATCH score was assessed after delivery within 24 h, at 48 h, and at discharge. After first assessment, mothers were informed and counselled about LATCH scoring tool and their confidence was assessed using Likert scale at each time point. Follow-up was done at 6 weeks either by person at the time of immunization or through telephone to know the status of EBF and weight of the infant. Results A total of 251 mothers and neonates were enrolled. Prevalence of EBF was found to be 76% at 6 weeks. Overall, the median LATCH Score at 24 h was found to be 6 (2,10) and at 48 h was 7 (3,10) whereas the median LATCH score at 48 h for those delivered vaginally was 7 (4,10) and those delivered by LSCS was 6.5 (3,9) ( P < .0001). LATCH score of ≥6 at 48 h had sensitivity and specificity of 80% (confidence interval [CI] 68%, 89%) and 69% (CI 62%, 76%) respectively with area under the curve 0.81 (CI 0.74, 0.87) to predict EBF at 6 weeks. We found statistically significant change in mother’s confidence level compared from 24 h to 48 h with better LATCH score and EBF by 6 weeks after informing them about LATCH score. Conclusion A LATCH score of <6 at 48 h can be a significant indicator (Red Flag sign) to intervene and promote exclusive breastfeeding. LATCH scoring itself may be used as educational tool to improve the technique of breastfeeding and thus promote EBF.
Minimum 3-year experience with vertebral body tethering for treating scoliosis: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Feng , Qiu Xin , Liu Shunan , Man-Chee Cheung Kenneth 
Published: November 2022

Purpose Over the past 12 years, vertebral body tethering (VBT) has been gradually promoted for treating scoliosis, but there are few published studies, with only short-term follow-up. This study aimed to systematically review VBT efficacy and safety for treating scoliosis. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on VBT treatment of scoliosis published up to November 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in included studies. Data on clinical efficacy, unplanned reoperations, and complications were extracted. The meta-analysis was performed with R 4.1.0. Results Twenty-six studies involving 1045 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The correction rate of major curve immediately post-operation was 46.6% ± 13.8% (16%–69%) and that at final follow-up was 53.2% ± 17.9% (16%–79%). The single-arm meta-analysis results of all included studies showed that VBT was effective in general. The overall clinical success rate was 73.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.31%–78.05%). The pooled overall unplanned reoperation rate was 8.66% (95% CI: 5.53%–13.31%). The overall incidence rate of complications was 36.8% (95% CI: 23.9%–49.7%). The subgroup analysis based on follow-up time indicated that patients with follow-up time >36 months had increased clinical success rate, unplanned reoperation rate, and incidence rate of complications compared with those with <36 months’ follow-up time. The preliminary results showed that after 36 months of follow-up, only 7.17% (95% CI: 4.81%–10.55%) of patients required posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery and nearly 93% of patients avoided spinal fusion surgeries. Conclusions The current evidence from at least 3-year follow-up in different countries indicates that VBT is an effective surgical approach for treating scoliosis, with 73.88% of patients achieving clinical success. Nevertheless, about one in seven patients (15.8%) required unplanned reoperations, but only 7.17% required PSF. About half (52.17%) of the patients experienced complications. Due to the limitation of the study number and quality, our conclusion may be biased and requires verification by further studies with longer follow-up times.
A novel exploration of irritability in adolescent males: A preliminary study
Authors: Bell Erica , Pooley Amanda , Tam Philip , Boyce Philip , Bryant Richard , Porter Richard , Malhi Gin S. 
Published: November 2022

Objective Irritability is a key symptom of mood disorders and is common in adolescence; nevertheless, it is poorly understood and assessed. Research examining irritability and its relationship to mood and anxiety disorders risk factors in adolescent males is lacking. Therefore, the current study aimed to address this gap. Method An online survey designed to interrogate the relationship between irritability and other risk factor variables was administered to 627 adolescent males (ages 12–17). Findings were analysed statistically using MANOVAs. Results When divided into high and low irritability groups, higher irritability scores were significantly correlated with higher scores on all risk factor variables. Further, higher irritability scores were associated with higher scores on all variables that indicate an increased risk for development of psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Conclusion This study is the first to focus on subjective irritability. In adolescent males, it identifies a potentially novel model of irritability’s involvement in maladaptive processes relating to emotional dysregulation, behavioural difficulties and anxiety.
The Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) Intervention Alleviates Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Breast Cancer by Modulating Pan-Immune-Inflammation Values
Authors: Yao Senbang , Ding Ke , Liu Shaochun , Zhang Qianqian , Li Wen , Tang Lingxue , Yu Sheng , Pang Lulian , Yin Xiangxiang , Cheng Huaidong 
Published: November 2022

Background: The number of patients with breast cancer is increasing worldwide, resulting in a growing number of patients with chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), which seriously affects their quality of life. CRCI is associated with inflammatory factors and systemic inflammatory markers such as pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), which can reflect the level of inflammation in the body. While the Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) intervention has been demonstrated to alleviate CRCI in patients with breast cancer, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Objective: This study evaluated the impact of the CALM intervention on systemic inflammation. Methods: Ninety patients with breast cancer with CRCI were enrolled and randomized into care as usual (CAU) and CALM intervention groups. All patients were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) before and after the CAU/CALM intervention. The blood levels of inflammatory markers were also analyzed before and after the intervention. Results: Compared to the CAU group, the CALM group showed significantly improved cognitive function and significantly decreased PIV ( P < .05). PIV was significantly negatively correlated with FACT-Cog ( P < .05). The levels of other inflammatory markers, including MLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), were also reduced in the CALM group. Conclusion: PIV is an important marker of inflammation. The CALM intervention may improve the cognitive function of patients by regulating the systemic inflammation marker PIV through the neuroimmune axis.
Reflection Labs: A Space for Researcher Reflexivity in Participatory Collaborations
Authors: von Unger Hella , Huber Anna , Kühner Angela , Odukoya Dennis , Reiter Herwig 
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces reflection labs as a tool for researcher reflexivity in participatory collaborations. Participatory methodologies intend to achieve equal partnerships, co-production of knowledge and empowerment processes. In this agenda, reflexivity is key, not only for analytical reasons but also to address power inequalities, challenges in the partnerships and other ethical questions. In this paper, we describe the methodological underpinnings and empirical use of a tool we call a ‘reflection lab’. In a 3-year participatory study with refugees (EMPOW), funded by the German Research Foundation, various online and offline spaces were created for reflexivity among community and academic partners. Reflection labs were developed for the academic partners. The term ‘lab’ points to the somewhat experimental nature of this space. Combining different approaches to reflexivity in creative ways, reflection labs offer a space to explore researcher subjectivities. Using field notes, minutes and analytical notes (‘memos’) as a starting point, in-depth discussions foster critical self-reflexivity and provide peer feedback and support about academic researchers’ roles in participatory collaborations. The paper includes an example of a reflection lab that was organized virtually for more than 2 years due to Corona restrictions. By combining aspects of ‘strong reflexivity’ (analyzing researcher subjectivities for epistemic purposes) and ‘ethical reflexivity’ (addressing power inequalities and socio-political implications) reflection labs provide an innovative tool for an engaged, analytical research practice that pursues participatory goals and strives for ethical conduct and accountability.
Similar Clinical Outcome in Locking and Conventional Plate Osteosynthesis for the Treatment of AO 44-B2 Ankle Fractures
Authors: Schagemann Jan C. , Neumann Hanjo , Schäfers Jana , Paech Andreas , Wendlandt Robert , Oheim Ralf , Schulz Arndt Peter 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Biomechanical studies have proved that locking plates have better primary stability besides versatility regarding fracture pattern while reducing bone contact and bridging the gap, whereas conventional nonlocking plates (plus lag screw) depend on bone-plate compression. The clinical benefit of locking plates over nonlocking plates remains unanswered, however. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study was set up to test the hypothesis that the use of locking plates for unstable ankle fractures will result in fewer re-displacements, superior bony healing, and functional and clinical outcomes better than observed in the nonlocking cohort. Methods Bimalleolar ankle fractures (AO 44-B2) without syndesmotic injury treated with either a locking or a nonlocking plate were included. Groups were compared for complications, bone healing, secondary dislocation, progressions of osteoarthritis, and clinical outcome using patient-reported outcome measures. Results Data revealed no clinical outcome differences (Olerud-Molander Ankle Score: nonlocking 88.2 ± 14.4, locking 88.8 ± 12.3, P = .69, robust two 1-sided test for equality (RTOST): P = .03; American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score: nonlocking 91.2 ± 12.9, locking 91.8 ± 11.3, P = .96, RTOST: P = .04). Nevertheless, a significant postoperative progression of osteoarthritis was detected in both groups (P = .04). This was independent of implant (P = .16). Although difference was not significant, locking plates were preferred in older (P = .78) and sicker patients (P = .63) and in cases with severer osteoarthritis (P = .16), and were associated with a higher complication rate (P = .42) and secondary dislocation (nonlocking 9.4%, locking 18.2%; P = .42). Re-displacement, however, was not a compelling reason for revision. Conclusions The present study shows statistically significant equality of both types of implants. Contrary to our expectation, locking plates seemed to be associated with a higher risk for re-displacement. Overall, the use of either locking or nonlocking plates for unstable AO 44-B2 fractures is safe and successful despite significant progression of osteoarthritis. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective observational cohort study
Eosinophils protect against pulmonary hypertension through 14-HDHA and 17-HDHA
Authors: Shu Ting , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Yitian , Chen Zhihua , Li Jinqiu , Tang Qihao , Lei Wenqi , Xing Yanjiang , Wang Jing , Wang Chen 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease featuring pulmonary vessel remodelling and perivascular inflammation. The effect, if any, of eosinophils (EOS) on the development of PH remains unclear.MethodsEOS infiltration and chemotaxis were investigated in peripheral blood and lung tissues from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients without allergic history and from sugen/hypoxia-induced PH mice. The role of EOS deficiency in PH development was investigated usingGATA1-deletion (ΔdblGATA) mice and anti-interleukin 5 antibody-treated mice and rats. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was conducted to identify the critical oxylipin molecule(s) produced by EOS. Culture supernatants and lysates of EOS were collected to explore the mechanisms in co-culture cell experiments.ResultsThere was a lower percentage of EOS in peripheral blood but higher infiltration in lung tissues from PAH patients and PH mice. PAH/PH lungs showed increased EOS-related chemokine expression, mainly C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 derived from adventitial fibroblasts. EOS deficiency aggravated PH in rodents, accompanied by increased neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. EOS highly expressed arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). 14-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) and 17-HDHA were critical downstream oxylipins produced by EOS, which showed anti-inflammatory effects on recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages through N-formyl peptide receptor 2. They also repressed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and blunting Stat3 phosphorylation.ConclusionsIn PH development without external stimuli, peripheral blood exhibits a low EOS level. EOS play a protective role by suppressing perivascular inflammation and maintaining PASMC homeostasisvia14/17-HDHA.
Group-based pulmonary telerehabilitation is feasible, safe, beneficial and well-received in patients who have been hospitalised with COVID-19
Authors: Simpson Andrew J. , Green Angela , Nettleton Marion , Hyde Lucy , Shepherdson Joanne , Killingback Clare , Marshall Phil , Crooks Michael G. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused worldwide mass hospitalisation. The need for multidisciplinary post-hospitalisation rehabilitation is becoming increasingly apparent, and telerehabilitation has been endorsed. The aim of study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of pulmonary telerehabilitation for COVID-19 survivors.MethodsThis was a single-centre, mixed-methods, fast-track (wait-list), randomised controlled trial of telerehabilitation for patients who had been hospitalised with COVID-19. 40 patients discharged from two university teaching hospitals in the north of England were recruited. Telerehabilitation consisted of 12 exercise classes, six education events and opportunity for peer support. Patients commenced telerehabilitation 14 days after randomisation in the fast-track group and 56 days after randomisation in the wait-list group.Outcome measures and resultsDescriptive and statistical improvements were noted in several clinical outcome measures. Exercise capacity increased from a median (interquartile range) 20 (14–24) sit-to-stand repetitions in 1 min at baseline to 25 (24–30) post-telerehabilitation. Breathlessness rated using the Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale changed from 3.5 (3–4) at baseline to 2 (1.5–3) post-telerehabilitation, with additional favourable outcomes noted in respiratory symptoms measured using numerical rating scales and visual analogue scales (VAS). Quality of life measured using the EuroQol VAS improved from 55 (60–70) units at baseline to 70 (55–80) units following telerehabilitation. Improvements in fatigue (modified Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy: Fatigue) and mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Depression) were also observed. Natural recovery was observed in the wait-list group prior to receiving telerehabilitation; however, improvements were accelerated by early telerehabilitation in the fast-track group.ConclusionsWe have shown that group-based telerehabilitation is feasible, safe, beneficial and well-received in this population.
The risk of post-operative pulmonary complications in lung resection candidates with normal forced expiratory volume in 1 s and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Cundrle Ivan , Merta Zdenek , Bratova Monika , Homolka Pavel , Mitas Ladislav , Sramek Vladimir , Svoboda Michal , Chovanec Zdenek , Chobola Milos , Olson Lyle J. , Brat Kristian 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAccording to the guidelines for preoperative assessment of lung resection candidates, patients with normal forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are at low risk for post-operative pulmonary complications (PPC). However, PPC affect hospital length of stay and related healthcare costs. We aimed to assess risk of PPC for lung resection candidates with normal FEV1andDLCO(>80% predicted) and identify factors associated with PPC.Methods398 patients were prospectively studied at two centres between 2017 and 2021. PPC were recorded from the first 30 post-operative days. Subgroups of patients with and without PPC were compared and factors with significant difference were analysed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression.Results188 subjects had normal FEV1andDLCO. Of these, 17 patients (9%) developed PPC. Patients with PPC had significantly lower pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) at rest (27.7versus29.9; p=0.033) and higher ventilatory efficiency (V′E/V′CO2) slope (31.1versus28; p=0.016) compared to those without PPC. Multivariate models showed association between restingPETCO2(OR 0.872; p=0.035) andV′E/V′CO2slope (OR 1.116; p=0.03) and PPC. In both models, thoracotomy was strongly associated with PPC (OR 6.419; p=0.005 and OR 5.884; p=0.007, respectively). Peak oxygen consumption failed to predict PPC (p=0.917).ConclusionsRestingPETCO2adds incremental information for risk prediction of PPC in patients with normal FEV1andDLCO. We propose restingPETCO2be an additional parameter to FEV1andDLCOfor preoperative risk stratification.