bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerial Robot Design Principles in Creative Idea Generation and Evolution
Authors: Tan Chee How , Hölttä-Otto Katja , Foong Shaohui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Design principles have been developed in many application fields to codify and formalize expert knowledge to increase the likelihood of design success. While there are abundant design principles reported, most of them have not been validated. However, many have been shown to result in more creative ideas, creating variety in ideas and stimulating idea generation and producing novel ideas. In this paper, we analyzed the Efficient Design Principles for Innovative Aerial Robot Design and investigated their impact on the originality of the produced concepts. We assessed the concepts generated between groups with the help of design principles for originality, using the Decision Tree for Originality Assessment in Design (DTOAD) and qualitatively the ideas they helped produce. We report the results of how the originality of the ideas produced varied across (1) domain expertise, (2) problem novelty and (3) idea evolution. The results reveal that the average originality score is statistically significant for a more novel problem, and the originality is always higher for the evolved ideas. Additionally, the results showed no statistically significant differences in the quantity and originality of the ideas between domain expertise for case problems of different novelty. These results support our understanding of the perceived usefulness of design principles for idea generation in aerial robotics design.
Modular Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Exploration of Phononic Chains Incorporating Interchangeable, Nonlinear Unit Cells
Authors: Mork Nehemiah , Fronk Matthew , Leamy Michael J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a modular framework for the streamlined design, fabrication, and experimental exploration of phononic chains composed of interchangeable unit cells. Increased interest in periodic media motivates experimental set-ups for exploring re-configurable lattice designs with variable couplings. We employ additive manufacturing as a means to rapidly assemble lattices interfaced by unit cells in a reconfigurable and modular manner. Additive manufacturing produces lightweight spring-like structures while boasting batch printing capabilities. Batch printing reduces production time and increases uniformity in the lattice by reducing the number of joints. The framework reported herein allows for either linear or nonlinear unit cells to be inserted at interface locations. We discuss two example nonlinear unit cells and explore their effects on wave transmission through an otherwise uniform monatomic lattice. One nonlinear cell blocks low amplitude wave packets but transmits high amplitude signals, whereas the second nonlinear cell yields the opposite effect. These cells may inspire devices such as noise filters and limiters based on signal amplitude. The modular framework also enables serial combinations of lattices and cell types that individually integrate frequency filtering, amplitude filtering, and directional control. By combining unit cells with different filtering effects, it is possible to produce combination filters with multifunctional capability — e.g., simultaneous frequency and amplitude filtering.
Deployable Space-Filling Mechanisms: Asymmetric Zipper-Coupled Tubes and Smooth Sheet Attachments
Authors: Webb Dylan C. , Reynolds Elissa , Halverson Denise M. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Zipper-coupled tubes constructed from Miura-ori cells are a unique structure consisting of two tubes which, when coupled in a zipper fashion, resist compression in the normal direction. A wider application of zipper-coupled tubes, however, is precluded by their angular form and symmetry. We demonstrate the construction of asymmetric zipper-coupled tubes based on an asymmetric degree-four vertex, along with a smooth sheet attachment that is flat when the asymmetric zipper-coupled tubes are fully deployed. Furthermore, we provide a mathematical model of the motion of the resulting mechanism, thereby demonstrating the rigid-foldability of the entire mechanism.
Comparison of the Hysteresis Response of Super-Coiled Polymer (SCP) Actuators
Authors: Henry Josh H. P. , Bridge Jacqueline 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, Super-Coiled Polymer (SCP) actuators have been investigated as a potential high yield and minimal cost alternative to bulky, power hungry and expensive conventional actuators. A major challenge however, has been finding appropriate general and industry uses for these actuators due to their nonlinear hysteretic response. This paper seeks to compare the hysteretic response for SCP actuators based on different thread weights and sizes and thus suggest possible directions for their use.
The actuators were produced through coiling and heat treatment actuated via Arduino code and a microcontroller circuit. The hysteresis properties were obtained experimentally by supplying a controlled voltage to the system. The response was recorded via a camera and was then processed using MATLAB; the resulting displacement and strain were used to observe the hysteretic characteristics.
These characteristics were used as the basis for recommending different applications for these SCP actuators. The results show single ply supercoiled polymers may be used in sensitive low stress applications, the triple ply and greater number of plies used in high stress applications, and the double ply used in applications that are sensitive but also have moderate stress requirements.
It is recommended that this research into SCP actuators be furthered by developing hysteresis models for compensation, control and exploring their use in robotic systems and tactile mechanisms.
Generalization of Manufacturability Algorithms for Fabricated Assemblies Based on Topology Optimization
Authors: Ramnath Satchit , Shah Jami J. , Detwiler Duane 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Topology optimization has been widely used for optimizing designs in the automobile industry. The primary goal of topology optimization in automotive body structures is to reduce the vehicle weight while continuing to meet strength and stiffness requirements for different type of loading cases. In designing an automotive component, the presence of styling surfaces drive the post-processing of the optimized results into manufacturable designs. However, in a more generalized case where there is a lack of such a reference model, the cleaning up, and manufacturing of, an optimized design may become challenging. Additionally, the applicability of manufacturing constraints to the topology domain may not always be possible. The only possible manufacturing constraints, in such a case, have to be applied to the whole domain instead of individual components. This paper focuses on development of a set of methods that automate the process of generating a design boundary that would assist in providing constraints to designers when converting the optimized design into a manufacturable one. Additionally, the design boundary can be processed further to divide the design into regions based on hollow or non-hollow components allowing for manufacturing the final design using multiple manufacturing processes. The methods have been described using a triangular rotor as an example.
Data-Driven Modeling of a Pneumatic Yoshimura-Origami Structure With Tunable Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Qiwei , Fang Hongbin , Xu Jian , Li Suyi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Origami has been widely used in designing tunable metamaterial due to its folding-induced shape reconfigurability and changeable mechanical properties. However, there is still a lack in achieving tunability via active means, and the tunability still remains in a static domain. Thus, the aim of this research is to solve these two problems. By combining the six-layers Yoshimura-ori with the pneumatic bladder together, a pneumatic Yoshimura-ori (PYO) cell is obtained. Noting that the Yoshimura-ori is coupled with the pneumatic bladder, and the physical parameters of the PYO cell are hard to obtain. Hence, a data-driven method which composed of the forward subset selection and the weighted least square (WLS) is carried out to establish the dynamic model. The whole structure is represented as a nonlinear spring-damper element. Based on the dynamic experiment data, the terms of the model could be determined through the forward subset selection. Then, we could use the WLS to identify the corresponding coefficients. Through numerical simulations, the proposed model could exhibit the frequency spectrum characteristic of the prototype effectively. The results of this paper could provide useful guidelines for the development of intelligent origami structures/metamaterials with excellent tunability, and meanwhile, extend the current investigation level from tunable quasi-static to tunable dynamics.
Data Fusion as a Latent Space Learning Problem
Authors: Eweis-Labolle Jonathan Tammer , Oune Nicholas , Bostanabad Ramin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multi-fidelity modeling and calibration are two data fusion tasks that ubiquitously arise in engineering design. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach based on latent-map Gaussian processes (LMGPs) that enables efficient and accurate data fusion. In our approach, we convert data fusion into a latent space learning problem where the relations among different data sources are automatically learned purely based on the data. This conversion endows our approach with attractive advantages such as increased accuracy, reduced costs, and flexibility to jointly fuse any number of data sources. Additionally, the learned latent space in our approach compactly visualizes the correlations between data sources which allows designers and engineers to detect model form errors or determine the optimum strategy for high-fidelity emulation by only fusing correlated or sufficiently accurate data sources. We also develop a new correlation function that enables LMGPs to estimate calibration parameters with high accuracy and consistency even in the presence of unbalanced and noisy datasets. The implementation and use of our approach are considerably simpler and less prone to numerical issues compared to existing data fusion technologies. We demonstrate the benefits of LMGP-based data fusion on a wide range of analytic examples. by comparing its performance against existing technologies.
Empirical Characterization of Lattice, Spring, and Non-Assembly Mechanisms Fabricated With Nylon Polymer Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Khatri Nava Raj , Smith Johnathan A. , Egan Paul F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Emerging additive manufacturing technologies are enabling the design of engineered parts with complex geometries and mechanical capabilities. Polymer powder bed fusion (PBF) printing is a promising process that is becoming more economically accessible while providing capabilities for printing non-assembly mechanisms. These processes could enable the automated design of complex personalized biomedical designs, such as prosthetics with integrated lattices, springs, and joints. However, manufacturing constraints and mechanical capabilities of these 3D printed designs requires further investigation to determine their feasibility and capabilities. Here, we conduct dimensional characterization and mechanical testing of Nylon 11 printed parts. Minimum fabrication constraints were measured to determine the smallest beam size as approximately 0.7 mm with a minimum gap size between beams of 0.35 mm. Mechanical testing demonstrated low anisotropy of parts in compression/tension which led to the testing of mechanical lattices with approximate elastic moduli of 25 MPa to 55 MPa. Helical springs worked in compression with a stiffness of approximately 0.2 N/mm to 16.8 N/mm for 3 mm to 7 mm wire diameters. Minimum printable gap sizes were used to inform the fabrication of a fully functional finger prosthetic with joints working directly after print post-processing, with no assembly required. Overall, these are foundational steps in demonstrating design rules and constraints for automating customized designs from polymer powder bed fusion printing, which offers unique capabilities for diverse and mechanically complex engineering applications.
Reliability-Based Optimization of Offshore Salt Caverns for CO2 Abatement
Authors: Zheng Zhuoyuan , Xu Yanwen , Hamdan Bayan , Kohtz Sara , Costa Pedro V. M. , Costa Alvaro M. , Morais Carlos H. B. , Wang Pingfeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, projects have been proposed to utilize salt caverns as a storage method for supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) and have been carried out around the world, which can effectively reduce the anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration. Careful and rational design of the salt cavern are required to guarantee the structural stability and reliability of the cavern when in service. In this study, physics-based FE models were first developed to simulate the salt cavern construction process and predict the creep deformation of the cavern wall during s-CO2 storage. In addition, Gaussian process (GP) based surrogate models were constructed from FE simulation results to estimate the properties of salt caverns with cheaper calculations. Then, to obtain a reliable and robust design, an RBDO framework was employed with the assistance of an adaptive fidelity enhancement technique to scan through the high-dimensional design space, which provides a swift and efficient search for the optimal conditions while considering the uncertainties in the salt cavern construction process. This research is one of the first to account for uncertainties within the salt cavern design process, and the results show that uncertainties of variables can strongly affect the system reliability and the volume of the salt cavern.
A Three Degree of Freedom Model Approach to Enable a MEMS-Based Neural Computing Unit
Authors: Megdadi Mohammad , Nikfarjam Hamed , Okour Mohammad , Pourkamali Siavash , Alsaleem Fadi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With enormous amounts of data being generated every day from countless sensors and sensor networks, the need for intelligent devices to process and make use of this data continues to grow and is only projected to increase. The advent of wearable technologies has exacerbated this problem, and with researchers struggling to process data locally with small power budgets, it is clear a solution is needed. Micro-electromechanical (MEMS)-based innovation will have high impact on these issues. MEMS devices can process computing taskes in the hardware level which consumes almost no power (nW). They are very small in size and do the classification without the need of storing the data which boosts up the power saving. Toward this goal, simulation results for a MEMS network to perform basic neural computing is shown in this paper. The network is made up of a mechanically connected network of three electrostatically controlled microstructures, two of which serve as input layers and the third as output (computing) layers. The mechanical coupling was achieved through stiffnesses connecting the masses of the MEMS. It has been demonstrated that such a device may be programmed to distinguish between a ramp (gradually growing) input signal and a step (abruptly rising) by applying suitable bias voltages to the electrostatic control electrodes. The findings serve as a proof of concept and founding to completing more sophisticated computational tasks using MEMS and opening a new direction for alternative efficient computing technologies compared to current digital computing.
A Novel Mass Sensor Based on Parametrically Excited Mode-Localized Resonators
Authors: Song Jiahao , Zhao Jian , Kacem Najib , Lyu Ming , Sun Rongjian , Liu Pengbo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear dynamics in micro/nano electromechanical sensor have attracted a myriad of attention of researchers due to its great potential to improve sensors’ performance In this paper, a novel mass sensor exploiting the bifurcation phenomenon in parametrically excited mode-localized resonators is proposed. The mathematical model is established by Euler-Bernoulli theory and solved by the method of multiple scales. Meanwhile, the harmonic balance method combined with asymptotic numerical method is utilized for validation. The dynamics and bifurcation topology of the sensor are investigated and the potential of mass sensing on bifurcation point is explored. Compared to relative shift of frequency, the sensitivity in terms of relative shift of amplitude ratio can be enhanced by 4 orders of magnitude. Finally, the effects of coupling voltage are studied which shows that the sensitivity can be further improve with the decrease of coupling voltage above the mode aliasing.
Coupled Integral Sliding Mode Control for Bidirectional Automated Platoon With an Exponential Spacing Policy and Uncertainty Approximation
Authors: Negash Natnael M. , Yang James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study developed an integral coupled sliding mode control (ICSMC) for an automated platoon with exponential spacing policy (ESP) and bidirectional information flow topology. A highly nonlinear and unknown third-order vehicle model was used to represent the actual driving scenario. An adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) was applied to support the main controller to approximate the unknown resistance term.To enhance the performance and effectiveness of the IT2FLS, an effective Nie-Tan type reducer was employed. The overall system’s stability was performed based on the Lyapunov stability theory. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, a comparison between other control strategies was also made. The implementation of the controller for both nonlinear and linear systems was proven to be efficient and robust.
On the Modelling Bases of In-Motion Dynamic Characterization of Flexible Structures Subject to Friction and Position Control Delay
Authors: Iklódi Zsolt , Beudaert Xavier , Dombovari Zoltan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article presents a characterisation technique of in-motion machine dynamics based on the principles of numerical continuation. A linear two degree of freedom mechanical model is considered, representing e.g. a flexible moving column of a machine tool, and is subjected to a non-smooth friction and a delayed feedback drive control force, resulting in a model governed by a system of piecewise-smooth delay differential equations. By applying harmonic forcing to the system, periodic solutions can be found, through the continuation of which, an accurate vibratory characterisation of in-motion machine dynamics can be acquired. In the continuation routine, spectral collocation techniques were employed to formulate the discretized boundary value problem of piecewise-smooth periodic orbits, and the pseudo-arclength method was implemented. Special care was attributed to the detection of grazing and sliding bifurcations, and the continuation routine was also extended to allow continuation of these critical points.
Synthesis of a 3-RPS Parallel Manipulator Based on Axodes
Authors: Nurahmi Latifah , Gan Dongming , Agrawal Sunil K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A spatial displacement of a rigid body can be described as a combination of translation and rotation about an axis, known as Instantaneous Screw Axis (ISA). As the rigid body moves over time, ISA will form a ruled surface called axodes. The position and orientation of ISA and its trajectory over time plays an important role to determine kinematic models of the human body. It helps to design wearable orthoses and even to diagnose any pathological patterns. On the other hand, the motion of a rigid body can also be described by a transformation matrix and its time-derivative. This paper presents a synthesis of wearable orthoses based on ISA. The approach is developed based on the relation between two velocity matrices, one computed from the trajectory of the ISA, another one computed from the time-derivative of the transformation matrix. This relation yields a numerical synthesis of parameters of translations and rotations, and design parameters of a rigid body. The developed methodology is applied to a 3-RPS parallel manipulator to obtain parameters of translations and rotations, and platform dimensions for a given set of ISA. The surface of ISA axodes is visualized and three lines of ISA are selected. The poses of a 3-RPS parallel manipulator to achieve the motion defined by a given set of ISA are illustrated. The advantage of this approach is less parameters to be handled, since it aims to synthesize parameters of translations and rotations, instead of coordinates of points. A coupled motion (parasitic motion) undergone by a parallel manipulator can be easily solved by this approach.
Short Paper: An Initial Investigation of the Correlations Between the Quality of Engineering Assignments and Task-Independent Features
Authors: Xu Wanyu , McAdams Daniel A. , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The potential development of automated grading brings us the opportunity to change the way of teaching. In this paper, we present our pilot study of the correlations between the scores of engineering assignments and several task-independent features. This work aims to identify features that can subsequently be used in a machine learning framework to support automated grading. We also identified some interesting patterns in this dataset. Our result shows that length features such as word count may indicate a highly structured assignment’s quality, and the number of grammar errors has the potential to be part of the evaluation if we use a carefully designed grammar checker. The present study is expected to contribute to our understanding of automated grading of mechanical engineering technical reports and provide insights into rubric design for assignments.
Frequency Response of Parametric Resonance of Electrostatically Actuated Bio-MEMS Circular Membranes
Authors: Alipi Marcos , Caruntu Dumitru I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the amplitude-frequency response of parametric resonance of electrostatically actuated Bio-MEMS circular membrane resonators. The system consists of a flexible clamped circular membrane over a parallel fixed ground plate. Between the membrane and the ground plate is an alternating current (AC) voltage. The magnitude of the AC voltage is in the range of soft excitation. The AC frequency used to actuate the Bio-MEMS is near the first natural frequency of the membrane. Since the electrostatic force is proportional to the square of the voltage, this actuation leads to parametric resonance of Bio-MEMS circular membranes. The equation of motion includes Casimir and Van deer Waals forces. Two methods of investigation are utilized in this paper, the method of multiple scales (MMS), and the reduced order model (ROM). They are used to analytically and numerically solve the differential equations of motion for amplitude-frequency response of Bio-MEMS membrane resonators. The effects of Casimir force, Van der Waals force, voltage, and damping on the amplitude-frequency response of the system are also reported. The results show that the increase of Casimir and Van der Waals parameters increase the softening effect of the response, i.e., the response shifts towards lower frequencies and amplitudes. The results also showed that an increase in the damping parameter decreased the escape band of the response, while increasing the voltage parameter had the opposite effect increasing the size of the escape band.