bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target-the-Two: a lab-in-the-field experiment on routinization
Authors: Attanasi Giuseppe , Egidi Massimo , Manzoni Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates the cognitive determinants of routinization and creativity by means of a lab-in-the-field experiment run at the 20th edition of a mass gathering festival in Italy (“La Notte della Taranta”). Subjects play repeatedly the puzzle version of the Target-The-Two game (32 hands). In hands 1-16, the strategy that is optimal given the card distribution is always the same and it is the easiest to be discovered. Conversely, in hands 17-32, subjects are exposed to games where the optimal contextual strategy may differ from the one with which they have been made familiar. We investigate whether and how, in hands 17-32, subjects remain routinized on the familiar strategy, or creatively choose a different one. We define as “experts” those subjects who played the optimal contextual strategy in the overwhelming majority of hands 1-16. In hands 17-32, we find several subjects playing the familiar strategy even when it is not the optimal one, regardless of whether they are experts or not. This shows that routinization is deep-rooted in the cognitive individual process. Furthermore, routinization pays off only for inexpert subjects: creative inexpert subjects are slower and they fail to find the optimal contextual strategy in several hands. Among expert subjects instead, creative subjects, although still slower, need less moves than routinized ones to find the optimal contextual strategy.
Moderate temperature reduction is sufficient for prevention of 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis: an experimental in vivo study in rats
Authors: Walladbegi J. , Dankis M. , Aydogdu Ö. , Jontell M. , Winder M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The current idea of how oral mucositis (OM) develops is primarily based on hypotheses and the early events which precede clinically established OM remain to be demonstrated. Cryotherapy (CT) continues to have considerable promise in clinical settings to reduce chemotherapy-induced OM. Although being effective, the knowledge is scarce regarding the ideal temperature for prevention of OM. Thus, the present study had two main objectives: (i) to develop an animal model to investigate the early events of OM; (ii) to study at what cooling temperature these early events could be abolished.

Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were anaesthetized and given an intravenous bolus dose with the cytostatic drug fluorouracil (5-FU). During the first hour following injection with 5-FU, the oral cavity of the rats was cooled to a mucosal temperature at the range of 15–30 ○C, or left uncooled (35 ○C), serving as control. After 3–5 days, the rats were euthanized, and the buccal mucosa was excised. Subsequently, mucosal thickness and expression of IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Five days following treatment with 5-FU, a statistically significant thickening of the oral mucosa occurred, and a distinct expression of both IL-6 and TNF-α were observed. The cryo-treated groups (15–30 °C) displayed statistically significantly thinner mucosa as compared to the control group (35 °C). The ELISA showed an increase in expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in tissues exposed to 5-FU that were treated with increasing temperatures (15–30 °C).

Conclusion
Bolus i.v. injection with 5-FU in rats can be used to create a functional animal model for chemotherapy-induced OM. Further, moderate temperature reduction is sufficient to reduce the early events which may precede clinically established OM.
The incorporation of polypyrrole (PPy) in CS/PVA composite films to enhance the structural, optical, and the electrical conductivity
Authors: Elashmawi I. S. , Ismail A. M. , Abdelghany A. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing the solution casting method, a blend of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/Cs) blend was prepared with different amounts of polypyrrole (PPy) to enhance the structural and electrical conductivity of the films. The miscibility and interaction between PVA/Cs were confirmed by FT-IR measurements by shifting and disappearing some bands suggesting that the PVA functional group interacted with every other functional group on the Cs side chain. For PVA/Cs/PPy, some band intensities varied, indicating the interaction between PPy and PVA/Cs. XRD showed that the addition of PPy to the blend leads to a noticeable decrease in the intensity of the diffraction peak at 2θ = 20.0° confirming the interactions have occurred between the PVA/Cs mixture and PPy. The UV–visible spectra indicate that increasing the amounts of PPy leads to a dramatic decrease in the energy band gap and an increase in the Urbach energy due to the creation of new energy levels that emerged between conduction and valance bands. After PPy was introduced, the polaron and bipolaron transition peaks at 416, 465, and 560 nm become apparent in the PL spectrum. The dielectric and the electrical properties were reported. The values of ε′ and ε′′ were stronger at low frequencies confirming the possibilities of interface polarization processes. The tan δ behavior diagrams have exhibited one peak trend in all samples shift toward higher frequencies as the temperature and PPy rise. The presence of the peaks was explained based on the electrical conductivity mechanism and dielectric behavior. The Cole–Cole plot displays a half one semicircle shape that explains the absence of contact effects. This semicircle expands as both temperature and PPy increase.
Importance of urodynamic evaluation of bladder function after secondary untethering in spina bifida patients: single center experience of 30 years
Authors: Ciesla Luise , Schneider Joanna , Marco Beatriz Bañuelos , Schulz Matthias , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Geppert Tamara , Trojan Katharina C. , Kaindl Angela M. , Lingnau Anja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
A TCS after primary closure of meningomyeloceles is a known complication of the spina bifida disease. Data on the outcome after SSCU surgery is heterogeneous and lacking standardization. Thus we aimed to find a reliable system for assessment of the bladder function before and after SSCU surgery and document postoperative outcome.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed on a cohort of patients with spina bifida diagnosis. In total, 130 patients underwent 182 SSCU surgeries, 56 of those met our inclusion criteria. A classification system, including two different methods, was used. The AC system used baseline pressure and detrusor over activity to define three levels of bladder dysfunction, the second method ranked the severity of bladder dysfunction by awarding points from 0 to 2 for bladder capacity, maximal detrusor pressure during autonomous contractions, leak point pressure and vesicoureteral reflux A high score is correlated with a severe bladder dysfunction.

Results
Gender distribution was equally (male: n = 29; 51.8%; female: n = 27; 48.2%). The median age at SSCU was 902 years (range 0.5–22.8 years). After SSCU, the stage improved in 11 patients (19.6%), worsened in 11 (19.6%) patients and remained the same in 34 patients (60.7%) after intervention (AC score). Non-worsening was observed in a total of 45 cases (80.4%) (p < 0.001). MHS score (n = 27, 48.2%) improved, remained unchanged (n = 12, 21.4%), 17 patients worsened (30.4%). Non-worsening in postoperative bladder functional outcome was demonstrated in 39 cases (69.6%) over all (p < 0.005). Regardless of whether bladder function is categorized by AC or MHS, postoperative outcome worsened significantly when SSCU was performed due to increasing deterioration in motor function alone (p < 0.05). Of the 24 cases with NOD as indication, 22 (91.7%) had an unchanged (n = 10; 41.7%) or improved (n = 12; 50.0%), meaning positive neuro-orthopedic outcome, only 2 (8.3%) deteriorated (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our study presents reliable evaluation systems for bladder function in spina bifida patients. Since indications for SSCU surgery differ, it is important to know the possible effects on bladder function after this surgical procedure. Even a mild impairment of bladder function has a risk to deteriorate after SSCU surgery. Particularly interesting becomes this with regard to the fact that the prevalence of TCS might become more frequent with the rising numbers of prenatal closures of meningomyeloceles.
Parameters for estimating the feasibility of implantation of a semi-implantable bone conduction device (SIBCD) in children and adolescents
Authors: Spiegel Jennifer L. , de Buhr Janna , Freytag Saskia , Bertlich Mattis , Sommerlath Sohns Jan M. , Canis Martin , Ihler Friedrich , Weiss Bernhard G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In children and adolescents, preoperative planning for a semi-implantable bone conduction device (SIBCD) is crucial. The geometric changes of the new version of a common SIBCD should enable a higher rate of successful implantation due to its flatter actuator. Thus, this radioanatomic study compared the rate of successful implantation of both device versions at the traditional mastoidal localization and two alternative sites, retrosigmoidal, and parietal, and investigated parameters helping to estimate the feasibility.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 136 CT scans of 0 to 20-year-old patients, evaluation of demographic parameters, radioanatomy, and assessment of head diameter was conducted. The feasibility was investigated for certain age groups at three implantation sites. Prediction of feasible implantation by means of different parameters was calculated.

Results
A significant higher implantation rate was observed with the new device for all three sites and age groups. The age group of 6–8 years (n = 19) had most striking differences with a 58.1% rate of successful implantation with the new device without spacer (80% with spacer) at the mastoidal localization, whereas none with the old implant. Head diameter was identified as the most predictive parameter regarding all implantation sites (mastoidal: p = 0.030; retrosigmoidal: p = 0.006; parietal: p < 0.0001), age for the mastoidal (p < 0.0001) and retrosigmoidal (p < 0.0001), and gender for the parietal site (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The geometric changes of the actuator lead to a higher rate of successful implantation in all age-groups and all three localizations with reducing the requirement for spacers. Parameters age and head diameter might aid in estimating the rate of successful implantation in young patients and may be a novel tool to assist in the decision-making process for a SIBCD.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma: from early lesions to transformation
Authors: Sander Birgitta , Campo Elias , Hsi Eric D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The International Clinical Advisory Committee reviewed advances in our understanding of the clinicopathologic and biologic features of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia, and mantle cell lymphoma since the revised 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Discussions amongst pathologists, clinicians, and molecular geneticists around these diseases focussed on incorporating new knowledge into the next classification system. In this manuscript, we review these disease entities and incorporate results of these deliberations, including advances in our understanding of early lesions and transformation.
Detecting flood-type-specific flood-rich and flood-poor periods in peaks-over-threshold series with application to Bavaria (Germany)
Authors: Fischer S. , Lun D. , Schumann A. H. , Blöschl G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that flood-rich and flood-poor periods are present in many flood peak discharge series around the globe. Understanding the occurrence of these periods and their driving mechanisms is important for reliably estimating future flood probabilities. We propose a method for detecting flood-rich and flood-poor periods in peak-over-threshold series based on scan-statistics and combine it with a flood typology in order to attribute the periods to their flood-generating mechanisms. The method is applied to 164 observed flood series in southern Germany from 1930 to 2018. The results reveal significant flood-rich periods of heavy-rainfall floods, especially in the Danube river basin in the most recent decades. These are consistent with trend analyses from the literature. Additionally, significant flood-poor periods of snowmelt-floods in the immediate past were detected, especially for low-elevation catchments in the alpine foreland and the uplands. The occurrence of flood-rich and flood-poor periods is interpreted in terms of increases in the frequency of heavy rainfall in the alpine foreland and decreases of both soil moisture and snow cover in the midlands.
Nachtökonomie als Themenfeld der kommunalen Wirtschaftsförderung – Status quo, Herausforderungen und Förderansätze
Authors: Konermann Jens 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie kommunale Wirtschaftsförderung ist als städtische Akteurin mit einer Vielzahl an Aufgaben betraut, um die Rahmenbedingungen für erfolgreiches Wirtschaften zu gestalten. Hierzu werden die Vorzüge des Standorts kommuniziert und die für die Entwicklung des Standorts wichtigen Faktoren gestaltet. Einer dieser Standortfaktoren ist das lokale Nachtleben. Mit seinen vielfältigen Facetten spricht es eine breite Zielgruppe an und spiegelt die Lebendigkeit und Lebensqualität einer Stadt wider. Clubs, Venues und die Musikindustrie leisten hierzu einen wichtigen Beitrag.Dieser Artikel untersucht, welche Bedeutung kommunale Wirtschaftsförderungen der Nachtökonomie beimessen und inwieweit sie sich mit dem Thema bereits befassen. Zudem werden die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten für eine Förderung des Nachtlebens im Rahmen der kommunalen Wirtschaftsförderung erörtert. Dafür greift der Artikel auf Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung der kommunalen Wirtschaftsförderungen in Deutschland zurück.
Optimal execution with stochastic delay
Authors: Cartea Álvaro , Sánchez-Betancourt Leandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe show how traders use marketable limit orders (MLOs) to liquidate a position over a trading window when there is latency in the marketplace. MLOs are liquidity-taking orders that specify a price limit and are for immediate execution only; however, if the price limit of the MLO precludes it from being filled, the exchange cancels the order. We frame our model as an impulse control problem with stochastic latency where the trader controls the times and the price limits of the MLOs sent to the exchange. We show that impatient liquidity takers submit MLOs that may walk the book (capped by the limit price) to increase the probability of filling the trades. On the other hand, patient liquidity takers use speculative MLOs that are only filled if there has been an advantageous move in prices over the latency period. Patient traders who are fast do not use their speed to hit the quotes they observe, or to finish the execution programme early; they use speed to complete the execution programme with as many speculative MLOs as possible. We use foreign exchange data to implement the random-latency-optimal strategy and to compare it with four benchmarks. For patient traders, the random-latency-optimal strategy outperforms the benchmarks by an amount that is greater than the transaction costs paid by liquidity takers in foreign exchange markets. Around news announcements, the value of the outperformance is between two and ten times the value of the transaction costs. The superiority of the strategy is due to both the speculative MLOs that are filled and the price protection of the MLOs.
Locally efficient and strategy-proof allocation mechanisms in exchange economies
Authors: Momi Takeshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate whether efficiency and strategy-proofness of allocation mechanisms defined on a “local” preference set imply dictatorship. Although there is an extensive literature on the characterization of efficient and strategy-proof allocation mechanisms defined on the whole preference set, little attention has been given to a local characterization even in two-agent economies. This paper presents three results. First, we point out that locally efficient, strategy-proof, and nondictatorial allocation mechanisms exists even in two-agent economies, when boundary allocations can be efficient. Second, excluding such exceptional cases, we show that in economies where the number of goods equals or exceeds the number of agents, any efficient and strategy-proof allocation mechanism defined on any local preference domain is alternately dictatorial, that is, it always allocates the total amount of goods to some single agent, even if the receivers vary. Third, we clarify that the local characterization is generally an open question even with allocation conditions such as the minimum consumption guarantee, and show that efficiency and strategy-proofness are incompatible with allocation conditions when all agents have the same local preference set.
The CAFTA-DR Free Trade Agreement — Analyzing its effects in a modern gravity framework
Authors: Rojas Rodríguez Juan René , Matschke Xenia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the effects of the Dominican Republic–Central America–United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), signed in 2004, on the trade flows of its member states. Relying on the structural gravity model of trade framework, we find evidence of both increases and decreases in members’ bilateral trade, but also of significant differences in these effects depending on the direction of trade and the trading members. Using a counterfactual analysis, we are also able to measure the general equilibrium effects of CAFTA-DR, finding that it has, in general, increased both total exports and income levels for El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. However, we also find evidence of sizable trade diversion and welfare losses for Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic.
A Simple Quantum Model Linked to Decisions
Authors: Helland Inge S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article may be seen as a summary and a final discussion of the work that the author has done in recent years on the foundation of quantum theory. It is shown that quantum mechanics as a model follows under certain specific conditions from a quite different, much simpler model. This model is connected to the mind of an observer, or to the joint minds of a group of communicating observers. The model is based upon conceptual variables, and an important aspect is that an observer (a group of observers) must decide on which variable to measure. The model is then linked more generally to a theory of decisions. The results are discussed from several angles.
A Short Measure of Childbearing Motivations: Development and Psychometric Evaluation in Polish Samples of Adults and Adolescents
Authors: Huczewska Izabela , Leśniak Joanna , Mynarska Monika , Miller Warren B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChildbearing motivations are trait-like dispositions to feel, think, and act in a certain way in response to various aspects of parenthood. They shape human desire to have a child and underpin the decision about becoming a parent. A self-report tool to measure positive and negative childbearing motivations with their specific dimensions—the Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ)—was developed in the US and has gained popularity over the past few decades as an increasing number of individuals choose not to have children. In the current article we present two studies, in which we developed and psychometrically validated a short version of the CBQ (The Childbearing Questionnaire-Short Form; CBQ-SF). In Study 1, we developed the CBQ-SF and verified its psychometric properties using a sample of 939 childless adults (25–44 years old). In Study 2, we cross-validated the CBQ-SF on a sample of 1803 childless adolescents aged from 18 to 20. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the CBQ-SF is a psychometrically sound instrument for comprehensively assessing childbearing motivations across different developmental periods (from late adolescence to middle adulthood). Most notably, our short measure preserves the multidimensionality of childbearing motivations and allows individuals’ motivational profiles for parenthood to be identified. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed.
Faster algorithms for k-subset sum and variations
Authors: Antonopoulos Antonis , Pagourtzis Aris , Petsalakis Stavros , Vasilakis Manolis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present new, faster pseudopolynomial time algorithms for the k-Subset Sum problem, defined as follows: given a set Z of n positive integers and k targets $$t_1, \ldots , t_k$$

t
1

,
…
,

t
k

, determine whether there exist k disjoint subsets $$Z_1,\dots ,Z_k \subseteq Z$$

Z
1

,
⋯
,

Z
k

⊆
Z

, such that $$\Sigma (Z_i) = t_i$$

Σ

(

Z
i

)

=

t
i

, for $$i = 1, \ldots , k$$

i
=
1
,
…
,
k

. Assuming $$t = \max \{ t_1, \ldots , t_k \}$$

t
=
max
{

t
1

,
…
,

t
k

}

is the maximum among the given targets, a standard dynamic programming approach based on Bellman’s algorithm can solve the problem in $$O(n t^k)$$

O
(
n

t
k

)

time. We build upon recent advances on Subset Sum due to Koiliaris and Xu, as well as Bringmann, in order to provide faster algorithms for k-Subset Sum. We devise two algorithms: a deterministic one of time complexity $${\tilde{O}}(n^{k / (k+1)} t^k)$$

O
~

(

n

k
/
(
k
+
1
)

t
k

)

and a randomised one of $${\tilde{O}}(n + t^k)$$

O
~

(
n
+

t
k

)

complexity. Additionally, we show how these algorithms can be modified in order to incorporate cardinality constraints enforced on the solution subsets. We further demonstrate how these algorithms can be used in order to cope with variations of k-Subset Sum, namely Subset Sum Ratio, k-Subset Sum Ratio and Multiple Subset Sum.
Not Only Coping: Resilience and Its Sources from a Thomistic Perspective
Authors: Roszak Piotr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn describing the Christian moral ethos, Thomas Aquinas draws attention to the way in which adversities, trials or afflictions are overcome. This paper analyzes two types of resilience present in Aquinas’s thought as well as their sources and manifestations. The first type, moral resilience, is based on the virtue of fortitude, which governs human behavior in the face of great fear. With regard to the second type of resilience, the focus is on showing how grace contributes to increasing power through weakness. In the concluding section, there are also certain suggestions as to how resilience education could be developed.