bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Sarker Sonita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The conclusion discusses how the slash in the title of the book (“N/native”) is not merely a diacritical mark but a signifier of impactful material and ideological differences and similarities. “N/native” qualifies “women” and “women writers,” “race,” and even “modernism” in this volume to render them unavailable as monolithic or homogeneous categories. Nor do these categories contain entirely symmetrical or equivalent entities, since the six N/natives inhabit and relate across colonial and colonizing, modern and modernizing structures. For instance, the category of “woman” appears to unite the six N/natives across and over the slashes that separate them in other ways. On closer examination, the consequences of gender-marginalization actually emerge differently when race and class are taken into account. Extending from this study of the six positionings in relation to the slash, the postscript to this book invites readers to participate directly in situating themselves in relation to “N/native.”
Homeland Insecurities
Authors: Barbora Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This book engages with key political and social issues in Assam following the pacification of insurgencies in the 21st century. Keeping in mind the impact of counterinsurgency, migration, and conflicts arising out of demands for political and territorial autonomy, it focuses on the emerging issues that will play an important role in defining the future of social and political relations in Assam. Arguing that old conflicts have taken new forms, this book reflects critically on the dominant themes that animate academic research on the region—autonomy, migration, and conflict—and accentuates tentative peacebuilding efforts to show how there is a creative social world of solidarity that survives violence.
‘Autonomy or Death’
Authors: Barbora Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on both a historical trajectory of the autonomous movement, as well as its more quotidian moments where much of the political rhetoric is constantly being challenged on the ground. It argues that the militarized social milieu does not allow for the resolution of many of the nuanced outcomes of conflicts that arise in the process of political mobilization by local communities and conflict management strategies of the government. Based on fieldwork in Kamrup (rural), Nalbari, and the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), it locates contemporary demands for territorial autonomy by indigenous communities in historical experiences of land and resource alienation, as well as in the strategic use of violence to leverage political demands for autonomy.
Elephants (and Rhinos) in the Room
Authors: Barbora Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at the way issues around peasants and farming communities have been framed in contemporary Assam, especially since the turn of the century when armed organizations purported to speak on behalf of the rural farmer receded into the margins of political discourse. This process allowed for the emergence of non-human elements into society and politics in Assam. It happened in ways that had not been seen earlier. The focus of the chapter is on the ongoing encounters between animals and humans, much of which is being slowly militarized. This process allows readers to understand the changes that are taking place in the political ecology in Assam.
Introduction
Authors: Cheng Thomas K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the patent-competition interface in developing countries. Most developing countries rely on technology transfer by the industrialized economies for technological upgrade and productivity growth. Innovation that takes place in developing countries is unlikely to be global in nature, but is more likely to be innovation in the local or domestic sense. Such developing country innovation can be called laggard innovation. Given that what drives technological upgrade in developing countries are foreign technology transfer and laggard innovation and not frontier innovation, the policy tradeoff underlying the patent-competition interface takes on a different character. The chapter then differentiates between production countries, technology adaptation countries, and proto-innovation countries. The importance of innovation to economic growth means that the patent-competition interface is arguably the most important facet of competition law in developing countries.
Introduction
Authors: Ingle Hrishikesh Sudhakar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this introductory chapter, the broad arguments informing this study of Marathi cinema are presented. It begins by identifying the peculiar scenario of Marathi cinema as a displaced-yet-present film culture, and a prominent regional film industry operating from Mumbai and Pune. The geosocial contiguity of Hindi and Marathi film industries are then framed for a socio-spatial inquiry. The need for a critical spatial analysis is developed by considering the meta-ideas of ‘regional’ and ‘national’ in relation to Indian film studies. Marathi cinema bears an unmistakable character of a networked industry, where sites of filmic articulation become more prominent as performance of the region. This historical understanding is introduced in this chapter to identify the contours of a vernacular cultural space. The chapter then elaborates on the role of language in such a spatial scheme of analysis and later outlines the plan of this book.
Rural Performative Space
Authors: Ingle Hrishikesh Sudhakar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on the rural performative space, understood from the prominence of the gramin chitrapat. The rural space assumed a generic regional connotation after the 1960s, which further firmed-up in the tamasha film. The impact of the tamasha genre, for both the folk form and Marathi filmmaking, is examined from the perspective of spatial stereotyping and film circulation. The Shivaji genre is discussed for its constitutive extension of a rural performance. Shivaji films indicate an ideological import for a new state as they invoke a historical memory of a glorious Maratha past. In the final part, two narratives of film exhibition, given by B. V. Dharap and Vishwas Sarpotdar, are discussed to reveal a typecasting of the rural imaginary. It is argued that the prevalence of the gramin chitrapat was due to the gap between the literary imaginary of the region and the abstractions of the rural space in the tamasha genre.
Prosperity and Positivity at a “Greedy Institution”
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a cultural sociological case study of C3 Toronto (C3T), a neo-Pentecostal church. It begins by tracing the history of C3 Church and the wider Charismatic movement to which C3T belongs. It then demonstrates how the religion of the heart is institutionalized at C3T in the form of Charismatic Christian (CC) discourse. Next, by treating the church’s Sunday worship service as a collective ritual, the chapter argues that—through a combination of customized aesthetics, language ideology, conversion narratives, conferring moral authority on pastors, and practices of self-cultivation—C3T successfully reconstitutes members’ selves to accord with the church’s collective conscience. Moreover, C3T functions as a “greedy institution,” in that it seeks to stifle shifting involvements and alternative commitments among its members. The chapter concludes that the case of C3T vindicates critics’ fears about the intimate affinities shared between the religion of the heart (or “spirituality”) and neoliberalism. However, it also challenges the view that the appeal of Charismatic Christianity is wholly economic in character.
Public Performance and Political Ambivalences at a Public Speaking Club
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a cultural sociological case study of Tomorrow’s Leaders (TL), a Toastmasters International public speaking club. It begins by locating the rising popularity of Toastmasters over the course of the twentieth century in relation to the longstanding tradition of self-help in North America, and the Human Potential movement of the 1960s. Next, it presents a systematic rendering of the version of the religion of the heart, as it is encoded at TL—Self-Help (SH) discourse. It then treats club meetings as a collective ritual—comprised of shared social norms, public performances, and psychological identification—which functions to (re)produce romantic liberal subjects. The chapter concludes that, because members have the ability to import their own conceptions of personal authenticity into club meetings, TL’s relationship to the pathologies of anomie and egoism remains ambivalent.
Wisdom and Paideia
Authors: Plested Marcus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 covers sub-apostolic and early Christian reflection on Christ as wisdom. In this period, wisdom discourse tended to focus initially on themes of guidance and instruction (paideia) while also beginning to open out increasingly onto themes of Trinitarian theology (God as wisdom; the Son and/or Holy Spirit as wisdom), Christology (Christ as wisdom—uncreated and/or created), and cosmology (the eternal foundation of the world in the Word and wisdom of God). Figures treated include Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, the Shepherd of Hermas, Justin Martyr, and Tertullian. Attention is also paid to lesser-known sources such as Silvanus, Sextus, and the pseudo-Clementines. The chapter concludes with St Irenaeus of Lyons who provides the most substantive treatment of wisdom in this early period.
The Golden Age of Patristic Sophiology
Authors: Plested Marcus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Themes of Trinitarian theology, Christology, and cosmology are prominent in the works of Clement and Origen of Alexandria (building in several respects on their illustrious Jewish predecessor, Philo) and ushering in what I have called ‘The Golden Age of Patristic Sophiology’. In the fourth century, issues related to Trinitarian theology and Christology come increasingly to preponderate due to the demands of the multi-facetted and evolving Arian controversy—without, however, quite eclipsing the other dimensions of the wisdom question. The chapter pays particular attention to various contributions of Athanasius, the Cappadocian Fathers, and Augustine. In Athanasius, the concept of wisdom helped conceptualize the bridging of the ontological gap between God and the world in terms of the union of uncreated and created wisdom in the person of Christ, by the power of the Holy Spirit. Similar themes are taken up by Augustine albeit with a distinct emphasis on the substantial or essential identity of God with his wisdom. In the Cappadocian Fathers, by contrast, we detect a rather different development whereby it becomes possible to speak of wisdom as divine in a manner consistent with divine simplicity but which does not reduce wisdom to either essence or hypostasis (but as one of the ‘glories pertaining to the essence’). This opens a ‘space’ or ‘gap’ for Sophiology that can be traced through various key thinkers of the Christian East but which remains firmly blocked in the Christian West.
Sophiology Revisited
Authors: Plested Marcus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
After a review and resolution of the base question of the book regarding the patristic roots of modern Russian Sophiology, Chapter 7 sets out to re-envisage sophiology by situating it more firmly and fully within that tradition. Such a re-envisaged sophiology involves, in particular, a re-orientation of modern Russian Sophiology in line with established theological categories of essence, hypostasis, and energy (this last involving a concerted study of the relationship between Bulgakov and Palamas). It also entails a plunge back into the patristic and medieval traditions of both East and West. It is, in short, a completion of Sophiology’s ‘unmodern turn’. An outline statement of such a re-oriented sophiology is presented both as a summation of this book’s argument and as a stimulus to further reflection on the figure and theme of wisdom in Christian tradition.
Introduction
Authors: von Greyerz Kaspar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 mainly addresses the following three aspects. First, that physico-theology during the period 1650–c.1760 in salient respects represented a new phenomenon. Although part of the tradition of natural theology, it displayed important novel features. It is misleading to view early modern physico-theology simply as a continuation of older natural theology. Observe its new image of a benevolent and wise Creator-God that is fundamentally different from the conception of an incalculable God of the preceding age and the very widespread recourse of physico-theologians to a mechanistic conception of nature unknown to the pre-Cartesian age. Second, this chapter proposes that physico-theology during the decades under consideration must be seen as an intellectual movement with initial roots in Britain and a widespread dissemination on the continent from about the last couple of decades of the seventeenth century. This movement eventually coalesced with the early Enlightenment without, however, ever becoming an integral part of it. Third, this chapter argues that only a transnational and transcultural perspective can save physico-theology from one-sided misconceptions.
Anthropocentrism and Providentialism
Authors: von Greyerz Kaspar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While pursuing the investigation of anthropocentrism as a basic feature of early modern physico-theology, this chapter takes the story from the England of Matthew Poole to Boston, Massachusetts, where the prominent theologian Cotton Mather embraced physico-theology in his Christian Philosopher of 1721. On a more general level, the concatenation of anthropocentric providentialism with physico-theological observation of nature is seen as a hindrance to the further development of physico-theology. Chapter 5 argues that it was above all the abandonment of the Baconian connection between human and natural history which allowed the physico-theological argument for the existence of the Creator-God to turn from attention to an anthropocentric providentialism toward the admiration of the order and harmony of the universe. This generally strengthened the search for order in nature and, thus, the rise of taxonomy. The shift was in many ways connected with the growing abandonment during the decades before and after 1700 of the notion of the so-called preternatural.
‘The most uncomfortable heap of glory that I ever had a hand in’
Authors: Reynolds Luke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines non-fiction print media such as the histories and memoirs. In these works, questions of ownership of Waterloo are addressed largely on an international level, with authors of both histories and memoirs striving to emphasize the British, rather than allied, nature of the victory. Beyond that, however, an interesting dichotomy developed, with civilian authors dominating the histories with bird’s-eye-view accounts of the battle and campaign, and veterans choosing instead to pen memoirs that eschewed overarching descriptions in favour of personal narratives that, by the very nature of their limited eyewitness scope, emphasized their presence on the battlefield and personal contribution to the victory. The memoirs discussed also demonstrate that, while the decisiveness of Waterloo appealed to many, for these officers Waterloo was just one incident in a much longer and more significant period of war and service.
‘The fullest instruction on a subject so illustrious’
Authors: Reynolds Luke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter continues the nationalization of commemoration and memory discussed in the previous chapter, but switches focus from the annual commemorations that surrounded 18 June to various public exhibitions. These included several Waterloo museums or exhibits, multiple panoramas, and William Siborne’s extensively researched model of the battle. The museums, most famously Bullock’s London Museum and Madame Tussaud’s, drew crowds with artefacts ranging from discarded weapons and pieces of uniforms to Napoleon’s coach, which was captured in the French retreat from Waterloo and was put on display in London and throughout Britain. Panoramas across the country offered views of Waterloo in place of relics and found the battle so popular that it was featured into the 1840s. The very success of these exhibitions, however, shines light on the relationship between civilian curation and military legitimacy, as it was the presence of Waterloo veterans that bestowed the appearance of accuracy crucial to popular appeal.
Rationality in Retrospect
Authors: Schroeder Mark 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is relatively common to distinguish between two perspectives on normative appraisal of action: the correct and the rational. This distinction is commonly associated with a kind of naïve picture thinking according to which the subjective perspective within which we evaluate actions as rational or irrational is the proper prospective perspective on choice, while the objective perspective from which we evaluate actions as correct or incorrect is the proper retrospective perspective on choice. It is the purpose of this chapter to demonstrate that the naïve picture gets things precisely the wrong way around. The objective perspective, it is argued, is the proper prospective perspective to take on choice, and the subjective perspective is the proper perspective of retrospection. As unintuitive as this thesis sounds in prospect, the chapter shows that this mistake has had pervasive consequences for our understanding of the relationship between rationality and correctness.
The Authoritative Normativity of Fitting Attitudes
Authors: Cosker-Rowland Rach 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Some standards, such as moral and prudential standards, provide genuinely or authoritatively normative reasons for action. Other standards, such as the norms of masculinity and the Mafia’s code of omertà, provide reasons but do not provide genuinely normative reasons for action. This chapter first explains that there is a similar distinction amongst attitudinal standards: some attitudes (belief, desire) have standards that seem to give rise to genuine normativity; others (boredom, envy) do not. This chapter gives a value-based account of which attitudinal standards give rise to genuine normativity. It argues that this account has interesting implications before extending it to provide an account of which action-guiding standards are genuinely normative. It argues that this value-based account of which standards are genuinely normative is more plausible than alternatives suggested in the literature and has interesting implications for genuine normativity in law and aesthetics.
An Epistemology for Moral Naturalists
Authors: Perl Caleb 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces a new account of moral knowledge—an account of how we make or assess claims to moral knowledge. It explains three hallmarks of moral knowledge: its apriori nature, its autonomy from scientific inquiry, and its minimalist epistemology. These hallmarks all seem like evidence against moral naturalists. The chapter shows that this new account allows moral naturalists to capture all three hallmarks. Capturing the three hallmarks undercuts a central source of evidence against moral naturalism.
Conceptual Role Expressivism and Defective Concepts
Authors: Brown James L. D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 examines the general prospects for conceptual role expressivism, expressivist theories that embrace conceptual role semantics. It has two main aims. The first aim is to provide a general characterization of the view. The second aim is to raise a challenge for the general view. The challenge is to explain why normative concepts are not a species of defective concepts, where defective concepts are those that cannot meaningfully embed and participate in genuine inference. After rejecting existing attempts to answer the challenge, the chapter proposes an alternative solution. However, the solution leaves conceptual role expressivism a far less distinctive and interesting position than its proponents claim. The chapter concludes that we should be skeptical about how much expressivists gain by appealing to conceptual role semantics.
Critical Legal Empowerment for Human Rights
Authors: Satterthwaite Margaret 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that a deep change in the practice of human rights is needed to alter the basic conditions of those who experience persistent human rights violations. Legal empowerment—led by the grassroots, with lawyers and other professionals in supporting, rather than leading, roles—is a crucial part of the justice transformation that is needed. When rights-holders directly engage institutions affecting their lives, they demand that systems become more accessible and responsive to the daily challenges of the people. And when the law and legal systems are actively harming marginalized and oppressed peoples, a critical form of legal empowerment can ensure that they are the authors of their own liberation and demand transformation of the law. Human rights advocates should embrace this reality by becoming reliable partners to movements led by the communities experiencing grave rights deprivations.
The Gut Microbiome and Sjögren’s
Authors: Galor Anat , Cavuoto Kara M. , Banerjee Santanu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There has been a recent interest in the interaction between gut bacteria and mucosal immunity in a number of diseases, including Sjögren’s. Ample evidence is available showing that the gut microbiome is altered in individuals with autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren’s. Animal models have clarified that these are not just associations but that the gut microbiome affects disease phenotype. There are several methods by which to change the gut microbiome, and this may represent a potential treatment in Sjögren’s. More research is needed to identify the specific microbiome signature in Sjögren’s that can be used to guide preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Diagnosis of Fatigue
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. , Mishra Richa , Vivino Frederick B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom for patients with Sjögren’s disease and is best defined as a low-energy state characterized by physical or mental weariness. Fatigue represents one of the main reasons for the diminished quality of life in the Sjögren’s population. Primary factors such as inflammation can be reversible and should be ruled out first. Associated factors such as the side effects of medications and dysfunction of the thyroid gland (present in 20% of patients with Sjögren’s disease) should be taken into consideration as well. Making any needed adjustments in these environmental and psychosocial factors can often ameliorate the fatigue that severely reduces patients’ quality of life.
Sjögren’s and Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Varadhachary Arun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The concept of central nervous system manifestations of rheumatologic disease is a well-recognized clinical phenomenon. Complications in Sjögren’s can include stroke, seizures, movement disorders, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, neuropsychiatric symptoms, inflammatory spinal cord disease, optic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis (MS)-like conditions. Central nervous system manifestations of Sjögren’s require multidisciplinary management and investigation while also highlighting the difficulties inherent with biomedical research in an era of changing definitions of disease. Sjögren’s was initially defined by a constellation of symptoms that were recognizable to the expert clinician. As underlying autoimmune disease mechanisms are uncovered, it is our challenge to continuously consider how we categorize disease such that groupings remain clinically relevant and allow us to take care of our patients.