bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Operative Technique for Management of Neglected Bi-facetal Cervical Dislocations
Authors: Jayesh Pawar , Mihir Bapat , Amandeep Gujral , Patel Bharat , Arpit Upadhyay 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Bi-facetal cervical dislocations can be missed due to misinterpretation of clinical signs and radiographs at initial assessment. In such cases, an ensuing fibrous union makes reduction and surgical stabilization both difficult and challenging. Multiple-stage approaches are required for its management. The guidelines for the surgical treatment of neglected bi-facetal dislocation are not yet clearly defined. The aim of this retrospective case series is to discuss the operative approach for the management of neglected bi-facetal cervical dislocation and the assessment of its clinical outcomes.

Methods and Materials:
From 2014 to 2019, five patients with neglected bi-facetal cervical dislocation were surgically treated in two stages by the posterior-anterior approach and were followed up for one year. The average age was 47.4 years, with a mean delay of 9.8 weeks. A posterior approach was preferred first, where a reduction was achieved with the help of lateral mass reduction screws after soft tissue release and facetectomy. This was followed by anterior discectomy and stabilization. Neck pain was assessed by the neck disability index (NDI) and the Visual analogue score (VAS). Neurology was assessed by using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score. Sagittal alignment and fusion were also recorded.

Results:
Anatomical reduction was achieved in all patients without neurological worsening. NDI, VAS and mJOA score were significantly improved after the surgery. In all patients, complete fusion occurred at the final follow-up and no complications were encountered.

Conclusion:
It is difficult to reduce a neglected bi-facetal dislocation. Liberal facetectomy and the use of reduction lateral mass screws provides for a safe and controlled reduction. The reported two-stage technique successfully achieves an anatomical reduction and a stable circumferential fusion.
Prediabetes in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chaitanya G. B. , Vidyasagar Sudha , Nandakrishna B. , Varma D. M. Muralidhar , Holla Avinash 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
There is increasing evidence that cardiovascular disease risk starts rising from the stage of prediabetes. Our aim was to study the relationship of prediabetes with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and whether the degree of glycaemia impacts the severity of CAD.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were studied. Coronary angiography (CAG) severity was calculated using Gensini scoring system. Their glycaemic status was reclassified and reanalysed after 1 month using oral glucose tolerance test. Glycaemic status was then correlated with CAD severity.

Results:
Of the 140 patients studied, at 1 month follow-up, only 94 persisted in the IFG category; Stress hyperglycaemia (SH) was evident in 32.8%. A moderate positive correlation (0.4) was observed between Gensini score and 2h PPG as compared to that with FBS (0.18) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (0.1). Multiple linear regression showed only 2h postprandial blood glucose (2h-PPBG) had a significant correlation with Gensini score (adjusted odds ratio 1.006).

Conclusions:
SH, being a major confounding factor during acute coronary events, demands revisiting patients’ glycaemic status after 1 month for correct classification. Significant correlation was found between CAD severity and IGT. This highlights the importance of assessing 2h-PPBG in predicting the risk of macrovascular complications like ACS even in prediabetic individuals.
A giant sphenoid sinus mucocoele
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sphenoid sinus mucocoele is an extremely rare clinical entity. Patients of the sphenoid sinus mucocoele may present with a myriad of symptoms. The presenting symptoms are often non-specific and patients may be asymptomatic. We report the occurrence of a giant sphenoid sinus mucocoele in a 56-year-old female. The patient was treated with transnasal endoscopic widening of the sphenoid ostium and marsupialization of the mucocoele.
The evolution of gene expression profiling in breast cancer – A narrative review
Authors: Srinivasamurthy Banushree Chandrasekhar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gene expression profile has revolutionised breast cancer treatment. It has paved the way for developing cancer-specific treatment and predicting the chances of recurrence. Genomic analysis has set the benchmark for personalised cancer therapy. The gene signature tests are mainly used in hormone-positive or luminal breast carcinoma with no or low lymph nodal metastatic carcinoma, and it helps in preventing unnecessary usage of chemotherapy in low-risk groups. The low and high gene expression profiles have made inroads into the new prognostic staging of breast cancers. There are several commercially available gene signature prognostic tests such as 21-Gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay (Oncotype DX), predictor analysis of microarray 50 risk of RS, Amsterdam 70-gene Profile (MammaPrint), Breast Cancer Index and EndoPredict. The gene signature assay can be useful in stratifying hormone-positive breast cancer patients into low and high genomic risk category. The low genomic risk patients can avoid unnecessary use of chemotherapy.
Concealed left hepatic artery injury with liver trauma
Authors: Joy Rejana Rachel , Valsalan Abhijith , Kavalakat Alfie J. , Kuriakose Aneesh M. , Suresh Mayyattil V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Injury to the liver accounts for 3%–10% of blunt abdominal trauma injuries. Majority of these injuries are currently managed nonoperatively. Hepatic artery or portal triad injuries are less frequent. However, the mortality rates with portal triad injuries and with combined injuries are high. Hence, identifying these injuries are important to the trauma team to proceed with optimal management. We present the case of a patient with concealed hepatic artery injury with liver trauma who was managed by laparotomy and vessel repair. We highlight the importance of recognising the clinical and radiological signs that indicate the possibility of hepatic artery injuries. This case report aims at improving awareness of hepatic artery injuries that may occur alone or in association with liver injuries and their management.
Opportunistic infections in patients with haematological malignancies in Nigeria
Authors: Ekeng Bassey Ewa , Akaba Kingsley , Ide Christian , Oladele Rita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Haematological malignancies (HM) are common clinical conditions encountered in Nigeria. Patients with haematological cancers are immunocompromised and as such are at risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). The objective of this review was to highlight the paucity of data on IFIs in patients with HM in Nigeria and recommendations on the way forward. A literature search for publications from Nigeria on HM including case reports and reviews from 1961 to 2021 yielded 76 publications of which only 9 (11.8%) reported infections in HM. Eight publications documented infection by viruses while only one publication documented bacterial infection. Viruses (73/93, 78.5%) including human cytomegalovirus (n = 19, 20.4%), Hepatitis B virus (n = 15, 16.1%), hepatitis C virus (n = 6, 6.5%) and human T-lymphotropic virus (n = 2, 2.2%) were the commonest causative agents of infections with HIV (n = 31, 33.3%) as the predominant pathogen. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the only bacterial agent (n = 20, 20.5%). Reports on infections in patients with HM were mostly from the South-South (n = 4), followed by South West (n = 3) and North Central (n = 2). There were no data on IFIs. The limited information on the profile of IFIs in patients with HM in Nigeria may account for the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with HM. Prospective studies should be carried out as a matter of urgency to bridge this knowledge gap.
Association of Knowledge, Perception, and Fear Regarding COVID-19 with the Socioeconomic Status of Patients Attending a Dental Hospital in Belagavi District
Authors: Deepika V. , Sankeshwari Roopali Manohar , Ankola Anil V. , Jalihal Sagar , Choudhury Abhra Roy , Deshpande Apurva P 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant loss of human life over the world and poses an unparalleled public health threat. As a result, it is critical to comprehend the patients' perspectives and knowledge on the subject.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, fear, and perception regarding COVID-19 among patients attending a dental hospital in Belagavi, India, and to compare it with their socioeconomic status using Kuppuswamy scale 2019.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among patients attending the dental hospital during the complete lockdown. A total of 170 respondents were included in the study. A self-designed, validated questionnaire with 14 closed-ended questions was prepared, among which 11 questions were knowledge based, two were on perception, and one on fear. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the SPSS version 25.P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The age ranged between 26 and 80 years. Majority of the population (95%) knew the symptoms of COVID-19 and the measures to be taken to prevent it. An association was found between participants' educational status and their knowledge regarding signs and symptoms of novel coronavirus (P = 0.005). Most of the study participants were not aware of the distance to be kept during social distancing (45.8%). Lockdown caused financial burden to more than 70% of the study participants.

Conclusion:
Nonliterate youth and adults were most likely to be the hardest hit by educational, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19.
Effect of COVID-19 driven lockdown on social contact pattern in Puducherry, India: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kar SS , Krishnamoorthy Y , Sivanantham P , Anandraj J , Gnanadhas J 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This study was undertaken to assess the change in social contact and transmission dynamics among adults in the Puducherry district during the different phases of country-wide lockdown.

Methods:
Adults aged 18–69 years in Puducherry were assessed for frequency and duration of contacts in the following time points: prior to lockdown (March 2020), during lockdown, immediate post-lockdown (April, June 2020), and seven months post-lockdown (February 2021). Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were obtained using a generalized estimating equation. We also assessed the exponential trajectory of the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) during and after lockdown.

Results:
Compared to pre-lockdown phase, frequency of social contacts during 1st week, 4th week of lockdown, and immediate post-lockdown were reduced by 89% (aIRR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.09–0.13), 40% (aIRR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.52–0.69) and 91% (aIRR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.07–0.10) respectively. However, the decline was not statistically significant at seven months post-lockdown. Correspondingly, we observed an initial spike in Rt during the lockdown phase followed by a gradual decline during the immediate post-lockdown phase. However, seven months post-lockdown, Rt has increased again.

Conclusion:
The study showed high compliance to the lockdown measures in Puducherry during the lockdown and immediate post-lockdown periods. However, as the lockdown measures were relaxed, the contact rate returned to the pre-lockdown state.
Inexpensive Ways to Improve Homebuilders Tree Survival
Authors: Anderson L.M. , Barrows-Broaddus Jane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObservations of trees around recently built single- and multiple-family dwellings in two expanding Georgia cities showed that more than 85% of hardwoods and 95% of pines survived construction, but more than half showed signs of stress. The results suggest guidelines for builders who want to promote the survival and health of trees following home construction on wooded lots.
Structural Dynamics and Susceptibility of Anti-Alzheimer’s Drugs Donepezil and Galantamine against Human Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Nutho Bodee , Yanarojana Somchai , Supavilai Porntip 
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health problem worldwide due to an increase in the elderly population. The current pharmacotherapy for the early stages of AD is mainly dependent on cholinesterase inhibitors. Two of the most commonly used anti-AD drugs, donepezil (DPZ) and galantamine (GLM), are selective inhibitors for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE). However, the inhibitory activity of DPZ on hAChE was more potent than GLM by ~85 times. To better understand the molecular basis for differences in mode of inhibition of hAChE by both drugs, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed. The results showed that the active site residues of hAChE/DPZ had the higher hydrogen bond occupancies as compared to hAChE/GLM. Nevertheless, the 2 drugs directly formed hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residue H447 of hAChE. The per-residue free energy decomposition suggested that DPZ interacted with the residues in peripheral anionic site of hAChE, resulting in the greater binding affinity of DPZ than that of GLM toward hAChE. The binding free energy calculation based on MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA methods indicated that van der Waal interactions played a predominant role as the driving force for binding process of DPZ and GLM to hAChE. Moreover, the predicted total binding free energy of hAChE/DPZ was stronger than hAChE/GLM, which was consistent well with the experimental data. We hope that our findings provide useful information for further design of novel hAChE inhibitors.
HIGHLIGHTS

Anti-Alzheimer’s drugs donepezil and galantamine in complex with human acetylcholinesterase were explored by MD simulations and binding free energy calculations
The MM-PB(GB)SA-based binding free energy indicated that donepezil exhibited a more favorable binding affinity to human acetylcholinesterase than galantamine
The molecular rotation of galantamine during MD simulation resulted in the reduction of hydrogen bond occupancies with D74 and S203
The van der Waals interactions were considered as the major contributor to the binding of both drugs

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Procrastination and anxiety: Exploring the contributions of multiple anxiety-related disorders
Authors: Hutchison Taylor E. , Penney Alexander Murley , Crompton Jessica E. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundProcrastination is the unnecessary delay of a task that subsequently creates anxiety (Rothblum, Solomon, & Maurakami, 1986). Research suggests that procrastination is linked with poorer mental health, but questions remain regarding its association with anxiety disorders. Studies exploring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and procrastination have found high levels of procrastination in OCD (Ferrari & McCown, 1994), but have also found no association between obsessive thoughts and procrastination (Kağan, Çakır, İlhan, & Kandemir, 2010). Scher and Osterman (2002) found that procrastination correlated with physiological anxiety and social anxiety, but not worry. No previous research has examined the connection between procrastination and health anxiety.Participants and procedureA non-clinical university sample (N = 300) completed online self-report questionnaires in order to examine the relationships between procrastination and symptoms of OCD, generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, health anxiety, and panic disorder.ResultsSymptoms of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and health anxiety correlated with levels of procrastination. However, using a multiple regression analysis, only panic disorder symptoms uniquely predicted procrastination.ConclusionsIt is proposed that people with panic disorder may procrastinate to avoid anxiety inducing situations, or that individuals who frequently procrastinate may become sensitive to the anxiety caused by procrastination, thereby potentially triggering panic disorder. The full implications of these findings are further discussed.
Technical note: A view from space on global flux towers by MODIS and Landsat: the FluxnetEO data set
Authors: Walther Sophia , Besnard Simon , Nelson Jacob Allen , El-Madany Tarek Sebastian , Migliavacca Mirco , Weber Ulrich , Carvalhais Nuno , Ermida Sofia Lorena , Brümmer Christian , Schrader Frederik , Prokushkin Anatoly Stanislavovich , Panov Alexey Vasilevich , Jung Martin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The eddy-covariance technique measures carbon, water, and energy fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere at hundreds of sites globally. Collections of standardised and homogenised flux estimates such as the LaThuile, Fluxnet2015, National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS), AsiaFlux, AmeriFlux, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN)/OzFlux data sets are invaluable to study land surface processes and vegetation functioning at the ecosystem scale. Space-borne measurements give complementary information on the state of the land surface in the surroundings of the towers. They aid the interpretation of the fluxes and support the benchmarking of terrestrial biosphere models. However, insufficient quality and frequent and/or long gaps are recurrent problems in applying the remotely sensed data and may considerably affect the scientific conclusions. Here, we describe a standardised procedure to extract, quality filter, and gap-fill Earth observation data from the MODIS instruments and the Landsat satellites. The methods consistently process surface reflectance in individual spectral bands, derived vegetation indices, and land surface temperature. A geometrical correction estimates the magnitude of land surface temperature as if seen from nadir or 40∘ off-nadir. Finally, we offer the community living data sets of pre-processed Earth observation data, where version 1.0 features the MCD43A4/A2 and MxD11A1 MODIS products and Landsat Collection 1 Tier 1 and Tier 2 products in a radius of 2 km around 338 flux sites. The data sets we provide can widely facilitate the integration of activities in the eddy-covariance, remote sensing, and modelling fields.
On the expression and distribution of glacial trimlines: a case study of Little Ice Age trimlines on Svalbard
Authors: Rootes Camilla M. , Clark Christopher D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Glacial trimlines are important features for constraining
3-dimensional palaeoglaciological reconstructions, but relatively little is
known about the processes of their formation and preservation. A new
classification scheme for the expression of glacial trimlines was presented
by Rootes and Clark (2020), with the aim to encourage further research into
the processes of formation and preservation for trimlines. Here we present
the first application of the trimline classification scheme to a case study
location in central western Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Little Ice Age trimlines
were mapped using remotely sensed imagery and the classification scheme
applied. These data are presented and used to examine the factors that may
influence the distribution and expression of trimlines in order to explore
controls on their formation and preservation. Preliminary analysis suggests
that the type of glacier, and geology, particularly the bedrock erodibility,
may have an influence over the location and expression of glacial trimlines
in Svalbard. These findings open the potential for trimlines to be used as
part of diagnostic landsystems for specific types of glacier, such as
marine-terminating tidewater glaciers, terrestrial glaciers or surge-type
glaciers, and indicates that further research into glacial trimlines may
enable these landforms to yield additional information about palaeo-ice
masses than has previously been the case.
Pirina Uygulaması İle Hafif Tekstürlü Toprakların Rehabilitasyonu
Authors: KARA Zekeriya , AYDEMİR Salih , SALTALI Kadir 
Published: June 2022

Sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim toprak kaynaklarının rasyonel kullanımı ile mümkündür. Bu kaynakların bilinçsiz kullanımı dış etkenlere karşı duyarlılığını artırmakta ve tarımsal üretimi kısıtlamaktadır. Toprak kaynaklarının dış etkenlere karşı muhafaza edilmesinde ve geliştirilmesinde en önemli kaynak organik materyallerdir. Toprakların organik madde içeriklerinin azalması ile toprakların fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri olumsuz etkilemektedir. Toprakların fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesinde kullanılabilecek materyallerden birisi de organik madde içeriği yüksek (%84.1) olan pirinadır. Pirina zeytin üreten tesislerde atık olarak çıkan organik kökenli bir materyaldir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; kumlu-tın tesktürlü bir toprağa pirina uygulayarak toprakların nem sabiteleri, kıvam indeksleri, su geçirgenliği, aşınabilirlik parametreleri, organik madde miktarı ve pH değerlerine olan etkileri incelemektir. Araştırmada pirina farklı oranlarda (%2, %4, %6 ve %8) kumlu tın tekstürlü bir toprağa uygulanmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak saksılarda yürütülmüştür. Çalışma başlangıcından 7 ay sonra alınan toprak analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde; hidrolik iletkenlik, tarla kapasitesi, yarayışlı su, agregat stabilitesi, likit limit, plastik limit ve organik madde değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde (p<0.01) arttığı, buna karşın dispersiyon oranı, hacim ağırlığı ve pH değerlerinin ise benzer şekilde azaldığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre pirinanın hafif tekstürlü toprakların iyileştirilmesinde organik kaynak olarak kullanılması önerilebilir. Ancak, pirina uygulamasından hemen sonra yetiştirilecek bitkiye olan etkisi konusunda araştırmaların yapılmasında fayda vardır.
Yaban Hayvanlarının Tarımsal Faaliyetler Üzerine Etkileri: Hatay İli Örneği
Authors: DAĞISTAN Erdal , ÇELİK Ahmet Duran , TAPKI Nuran , SARIOĞLU Tuğçe , KAYA Aybuke , TAPKI İbrahim 
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada Hatay ilinde yaban hayvanlarının tarımsal faaliyet üzerindeki ekonomik etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Hatay Bölgesi, fauna ve flora bakımından zengin bir coğrafyaya sahiptir. Bu durum bölgenin sosyal, ekonomik ve tarımsal yapısı üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Yaban hayatının tarımsal faaliyetler üzerinde olumlu etkisi yanında olumsuz etkileri de bulunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yabani hayvan zararlarının yoğun olarak görüldüğü köylerden Kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 31 üretici ile yüz-yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirilerek analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda en çok zararı veren yaban hayvanlarının kemirgenler, kuşlar ve yaban domuzları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaban hayvanlarının ürünlere verdikleri maddi zarar yılda ortalama 4.000 TL’dir. Üreticilerin mücadele için harcadıkları miktar ise ortalama 855 TL’dir. Üreticiler yaban hayvanlarıyla mücadele için en fazla kimyasal zehir ve ateşli silahlar kullanmaktadır. Kullanılan bu yöntemler doğal dengeyi bozmaktadır. Bu nedenle devletin ilgili kurumları aracılığı ile yaban hayvanlarıyla doğal mücadele yöntemlerini üreticilere öğreten eğitimler düzenlenmeli, yaban hayvanlarının doğal yaşam alanlarının sınırları daraltılmamalı ve insan-hayvan çatışmasını en az düzeye indirecek çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.