bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a transformative governance of the Amazon
Authors: Pereira Joana Castro , Terrenas João 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe crises of the Anthropocene can neither be confronted incrementally nor through short‐term, reductionist strategies. As the risk of severe, irreversible socioecological damage increases, transformative change towards achieving long‐term sustainability becomes ever‐pressing. Against this backdrop, we explore how transformative governance can help strengthen ecosystem resilience, empower vulnerable communities and ensure sustainable development in the Amazon. The article starts by briefly reviewing the concept of transformative governance, arguing that it provides an adequate framework for thinking about and responding to the challenges of the Anthropocene. It then looks at how extant governance practices are destroying and fragmenting the Amazon, eroding the resilience of regional ecosystems. It proceeds by investigating how the Andes–Amazon–Atlantic Corridor, a transnational project aligned with the normative commitments and operational principles of transformative governance, aimed at protecting, restoring and building socioecological connectivity in the region, can offer an alternative pathway for Amazonian development in the new geological epoch.
Identification of a novel anoikis‐related gene signature to predict prognosis and tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Diao Xiayao , Guo Chao , Li Shanqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent histotype of non‐small cell lung cancer. Anoikis, an alternative form of programmed cell death, plays a pivotal role in cancer invasion and metastasis, preventing the detached cancer cells from readhering to other substrates for abnormal proliferation. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analyses of the prognostic implications of anoikis‐related genes (ARGs) in LUAD.MethodsARGs were selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Genecards dataset using differential expression analysis. The signature incorporating ARGs was identified using univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. Furthermore, a nomogram containing the signature and clinical information was developed through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the predictive validity of these risk models. Finally, functional analysis of the selected ARGs in signature and analysis of immune landscape were also conducted.ResultsA 16‐gene signature was integrated to stratify LUAD patients into different survival risk groups. The prognostic risk score generated from the signature and TNM stage were identified as independent prognostic factors and utilized to develop a nomogram. Both the signature and the nomogram showed satisfactory prediction performance in predicting overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients. The ARGs were enriched in several biological functions and signaling pathways. Finally, differences of immune landscape were investigated among the high‐ and low‐risk groups stratified by the signature.ConclusionsThis study revealed potential relationships between ARGs and prognosis of LUAD. The prognostic predictors identified in present study could be utilized as potential biomarkers for clinical applications.
Standardized nuclear markers improve and homogenize species delimitation in Metazoa
Authors: Dietz Lars , Eberle Jonas , Mayer Christoph , Kukowka Sandra , Bohacz Claudia , Baur Hannes , Espeland Marianne , Huber Bernhard A. , Hutter Carl , Mengual Ximo , Peters Ralph S. , Vences Miguel , Wesener Thomas , Willmott Keith , Misof Bernhard , Niehuis Oliver , Ahrens Dirk 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Species are the fundamental units of life and evolution. Their recognition is essential for science and society. Molecular methods have been increasingly used for the identification of animal species, despite several challenges.

Here, we explore with genomic data from nine animal lineages a set of nuclear markers, namely metazoan‐level universal single‐copy orthologs (metazoan USCOs), for their use in species delimitation. Our data sets include arthropods and vertebrates. We use various data assembly strategies and use coalescent‐based species inference as well as population admixture analyses and phenetic methods.

We demonstrate that metazoan USCOs distinguish well closely related morphospecies and consistently outperform classical mitochondrial DNA barcoding in discriminating closely related species in different animal taxa, as judged by comparison with morphospecies delimitations. USCOs overcome the general shortcomings of mitochondrial DNA barcodes, and due to standardization across Metazoa, also those of other approaches. They accurately assign samples not only to lower but also to higher taxonomic levels.

Metazoan USCOs provide a powerful and unifying framework for DNA‐based species delimitation and taxonomy in animals and their employment could result in a more efficient use of research data and resources.
Using the LSAT as a labor market thermometer for lawyers
Authors: Koch James V. , Blake‐Gonzalez Barbara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe rely upon a 50‐state, 20‐year panel to find that the number of Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) takers is only loosely related to economic conditions—although slightly more for men than for women, who in 2020 accounted for 58% of all LSAT takers. The number of test takers rose more than 35% between 2014 and 2020. This wave accentuated an already existing downtrend in the median real income of lawyers, and thus provides support for the hypothesis that most states have more lawyers than they need.
Preference for rural living environment improvement initiatives in China
Authors: Zhang Zhaohui , Paudel Krishna P. , Upadhyaya Kamal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Chinese government has launched the Rural Living Environment Improvement Initiative (RLEII) to solve the poor living conditions in rural areas. The initiative enhances rural greenery; provides sanitary toilets; and promotes proper disposal of animal manure, sewage, and household waste in rural areas. We collected data using in‐person interviews with 938 rural residents in Xinjiang, China, to elicit their preference, preference intensity, and preference heterogeneity for RLEII. Results indicated that rural residents prefer to see shortcomings of the RLEII addressed. Rural greening construction is identified with the highest preference intensity. We also find significant heterogeneity in rural residents' preferences for each attribute of RLEII. The preference heterogeneity is rooted in the region's economic condition (poor vs. nonpoor region). It is essential to understand rural residents' choice for rural public goods supply and to respect their preference intensity, sequence, and heterogeneity for RLEII to enhance the implementation performance. We discuss the implications of these findings.
Individual identification of dairy cows based on deep learning and feature fusion
Authors: Du Yongxing , Kou Yan , Li Baoshan , Qin Ling , Gao Di 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIndividual identification of dairy cows is one of the most important prerequisites for an intelligent dairy farming. Herein, a new method of individual identification of dairy cows based on the fusion of deep and shallow features of dairy cow's trunk image is proposed. Our aim is to obtain low‐cost, touch‐free, and high‐accuracy individual identification of dairy cows. First, the model of VGG‐16 is improved. Second, the multiple overlapping pooling layer in the improved VGG‐16 model is used as a feature extractor to extract the features of dairy cow's trunk image, and the global average pooling (GAP) layer was used to replace the traditional flatten layer to reduce the dimensions of the extracted shallow and deep features. Finally, the features after the dimensionality reduction are fused using the Concat method and input the fusion of new features into the support vector machine (SVM) classifier for classification. The proposed method was trained and tested on the dataset of 3151 cow trunk images captured by us. Experimental results showed that this method not only has better recognition accuracy of 99.48% than the VGG‐16, AlexNet, and ResNet‐50 models but also has fewer model parameters, faster convergence speed, and stronger generalization ability.
Endothelial activation predicts disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, cytokine release syndrome and prognosis in patients treated with anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cells
Authors: Galli Eugenio , Sorà Federica , Hohaus Stefan , Fresa Alberto , Pansini Ilaria , Autore Francesco , Metafuni Elisabetta , Innocenti Idanna , Limongiello Maria Assunta , Giammarco Sabrina , Laurenti Luca , Bacigalupo Andrea , Chiusolo Patrizia , De Stefano Valerio , Sica Simona 
Published: December 2022

SummaryCytokine release syndrome (CRS) and consumptive coagulopathy can complicate the treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cells. The modified version of the Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (mEASIX), a score derived from haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, combines platelets, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and has been correlated with CRS and endothelial biomarkers. In 38 consecutive patients with aggressive lymphoproliferative disease we measured a coagulative laboratory panel at baseline and early after infusion of anti‐CD19 CAR‐T. The panel was investigated also in the presence of CRS graded 2 or higher, or immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Moreover, we examined the relationship between mEASIX, coagulation biomarkers, and toxicities of CAR‐T cells. During CRS grade 2 or higher, we found increased prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, D‐dimer, factor VIII (FVIII), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen levels, and decreased platelet count and antithrombin levels. The occurrence of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome was associated with higher PT values, D‐dimer, FVIII, and vWF levels, and decreased fibrinogen levels and platelet count. A higher mEASIX score correlated with increased aPTT values, fibrinogen, D‐dimer, FVIII and vWF levels, and decreased antithrombin levels. Baseline mEASIX was predictive for consumptive coagulopathy and CRS graded 2 or higher, and for progression‐free survival and overall survival.
Pharmakologie der Januskinase‐Inhibitoren – Teil 2: Pharmakodynamik
Authors: Eichner Adina , Wohlrab Johannes 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungAls niedermolekulare Substanzen haben die Januskinase‐Inhibitoren unterschiedliche, dosisabhängige pharmakologische Bindungsselektivitäten, die allerdings keine verlässlichen Aussagen über die klinische Spezifität gewünschter oder unerwünschter Wirkeffekte ermöglichen. Es ist deshalb von besonderer Bedeutung zu erkennen, dass die Pharmakodynamik der einzelnen Januskinase‐Inhibitoren in Abhängigkeit der behandelten Indikation wesentlich durch die variablen Regulationsebenen des JAK/STAT‐Signalwegs sowie der pharmakokinetischen Bedingungen bestimmt wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird deutlich, dass alleinig klinische Studiendaten in definierten Indikationen für die Bewertung der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Januskinase‐Inhibitoren geeignet sind. Eine unkritische Extrapolation von Beobachtungen bezüglich Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit aus Studien anderer Indikationen soll deshalb nur mit der gebotenen Zurückhaltung erfolgen.
Response rate in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients implanted with a left ventricular quadripolar lead and the MultiPoint™ pacing feature early activated. QUARTO III
Authors: Osca Joaquín , Francisco‐Pascual Jaume , Martínez‐Basterra Javier , Martínez Juan Gabriel , Reis Hipólito , Oliveira Mario , Campos Bieito , Balaguer Javier , Rubio Jerónimo , Pavón‐Jiménez Ricardo , Hernández Julio , Ormaetxe Jose Miguel , Zamorano Jose Luis , Santamaría Pilar , Alzueta Javier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is beneficial in most heart failure patients, up to 40% do not respond to CRT. It has been suggested that multipoint left ventricle pacing (MPP) would increase the response rate.AimTo assess the CRT response rate at 6 months in patients implanted with a CRT device with the MPP feature activated early after the implant.MethodsThis was a multicentre, prospective, open‐label and non‐randomized study. The primary endpoint was response to biventricular pacing defined as >15% relative reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) comparing echocardiography measurements performed at baseline and 6 months by a core laboratory. Among secondary endpoints the combined endpoint of mortality or all‐cause hospitalizations was evaluated. Primary study endpoint and clinical outcomes were compared to a Quarto II control cohort.ResultsTotally, 105 patients were included. The response rate was 64.6% (97.5% lower confidence bound 53%). Mean relative reduction in LVESV was 25.3%, and mean absolute increase in LVEF was 9.4%. The subjects with device programmed using anatomical approach showed a trend towards higher responder rate than those using the electrical approach (72% vs. 61.1%, p = 0.32). Finally, the combined incidence of mortality and or all‐cause hospitalizations at 6 month was 12.4%.ConclusionsEarly activation of MPP was not associated to an advantage increasing echocardiography responders to CRT at 6 months of follow‐up. Nevertheless, patients programmed using widest pacing cathodes had a numerically higher responder rate. Finally, early activation of MPP was associated to a low incidence of clinical endpoints at 6 months of follow‐up.
Analytical expressions to estimate rapidly the notch stress intensity factors at V‐notch tips using the Peak Stress Method
Authors: Visentin Alberto , Campagnolo Alberto , Meneghetti Giovanni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Peak Stress Method (PSM) enables a rapid estimation of the notch stress intensity factors (NSIFs) for the fatigue strength assessment of sharp V‐notches and notably welded joints. It takes advantage of the linear elastic peak stresses calculated at the V‐notch tip using coarse finite element (FE) mesh patterns, thanks to properly calibrated coefficients depending on the V‐notch opening angle, FE type, formulation, and FE mesh pattern typical of the employed FE code. The original calibration was performed only for few master values of opening angle; therefore, in the present study, the coefficients have been calibrated by using Ansys® FE code for the full range of notch opening angles to generalize the PSM. In particular, polynomial expressions have been fitted on the results of FE analyses and implemented in a tool that automates the application of the PSM. Two case studies have been analyzed highlighting the benefits of the new polynomial expressions.
Physiological changes associated with enhanced cold resistance during Medicago ruthenica germination and seedling growth in response to exogenous γ‐aminobutyric acid
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Yanzhu , Ma Kaikai , Bai Meimei , Liu Yuanyuan , Yu Xiaojun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElucidating the effect of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) on seed germination and seedling growth of Medicago ruthenica under low‐temperature could provide a reference for alleviating the harmful effects of low temperatures on legumes in alpine meadows. We set up different temperatures to screen three low temperatures that inhibit seed germination of Medicago ruthenica, and six aqueous concentrations of GABA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mM) were set up to screen out the best GABA seed soaking concentration that can promote the seed germination at low‐temperature. The three temperatures of 10 °C, 20/5 °C and 15/5 °C inhibited seed germination of Medicago ruthenica. Soaking seeds with 1 mM GABA could significantly increase seed germination rate of Medicago ruthenica at low‐temperature (10 °C). Soaking seeds only with 0.1 mM GABA could promote germination of Medicago ruthenica at 20/5 °C, but there is no significant difference compared with distilled water soaking. Whereas, all GABA seed soaking concentrations delayed seed germination time and inhibited seed germination at 15/5 °C. Pre‐spraying seedlings with 1 mM GABA at 10 °C reduced the production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content, and increased the activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves of Medicago ruthenica on days 7. Simultaneously, Pre‐spraying seedlings with 1 mM GABA at 10 °C significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration. These data suggest that GABA could enhance the cold tolerance of Medicago ruthenica by promoting seed germination, regulating the antioxidant system, and increasing photosynthetic efficiency. However, the mitigation effect of GABA on low‐temperature is only applicable to a certain temperature. The mitigation effect of GABA on low temperature will be weakened as the low temperature of plants is less than 10 °C
Practice patterns for reporting digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasms: results from a large, comprehensive international survey
Authors: Karamchandani Dipti M , Cox Brian , La Rosa Stefano , Bellizzi Andrew M , Shi Chanjuan , Gonzalez Raul S 
Published: December 2022

AimsCriteria for the interpretation of digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) continue to evolve. Although there are some literature recommendations regarding workup and diagnosis of these lesions, different practice patterns exist among pathologists when signing out these specimens. The aim of this study was to assess practice trends among pathologists worldwide when reporting these neoplasms.Methods and resultsWe created an online survey with multiple questions pertaining to digestive NENs. The results were analysed based on type of practice setting, years of sign‐out experience, and practice location. Respondents included 384 practicing pathologists: 70% academic, 30% private practice; 63% gastrointestinal (GI) pathology‐subspecialised, 37% not; 39% North American, 42% European, 19% others; 45% with ≤10 years in practice; 55% with >10 years. Some question responses were chosen by the majority (e.g. 85% use both mitotic count and Ki67 index for grading NENs, 82% complete a synoptic, and Ki67 stain even for small incidental appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours [NETs], and 96% utilize the diagnosis of grade 3 NET). However, some questions showed varying responses, including counting mitotic figures, Ki67 stain interpretation, and pancreatic grade 3 NEN workup. Pathologists also had some variability in interpreting regional metastatic foci of small bowel NETs and in choosing blocks for Ki67 staining in multifocal lesions.ConclusionThere existed scenarios wherein practice patterns varied despite recommendations in the literature, and there were also scenarios lacking clear guidelines wherein pathologists used varying judgement. This survey highlights current key grey areas in digestive system NEN evaluation, leading to variation in practice patterns.
TNFSF13B rs9514828 gene polymorphism and soluble B cell activating factor levels: Association with apical periodontitis
Authors: Cruz Alvaro , Gascón Luis Gerardo , Palafox‐Sánchez Claudia Azucena , Flores‐García Christian , Espinoza‐García Noemí , Sagrero‐Fabela Nefertari , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Mejía‐Flores Rocío , Salazar‐Camarena Diana Celeste 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this case‐control study was to evaluate the association between the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) in apical periodontitis (AP) patients.MethodologyTwo hundred and sixty one healthy subjects (HS) and 158 patients with AP classified as: 46 acute apical abscess (AAA), 81 primary AP (pAP) and 31 secondary AP (sAP) patients were included. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from peripheral blood cells according to the salting out method. The TNFSF13B rs9514828 (NC_000013.11:g.108269025C > T) were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Serum sBAFF levels were measured by ELISA test. The chi‐squared or Fisher's exact test was performed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the risk of AP associated with the rs9514828. The Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis were used for non‐normally distributed data. Differences were considered significant with a p‐value <.05.ResultsNo differences in the genotype/allele frequencies were shown between HS and patients with AAA. However, the TT genotype (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.10–6.53; p = .025) and T allele (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00–2.12; p = .045) were associated with increased risk of pAP. In contrast, the minor allele T significantly decreased the risk of sAP (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.024–0.99; p = .043). sBAFF serum levels were increased in AAA and pAP compared with HS (p < .01 and p = .021, respectively). The AAA patients had higher sBAFF serum levels than pAP (p = .034) and sAP (p < .01).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism is associated with pAP susceptibility and that BAFF is a cytokine that might be involved in acute and chronic AP. The future exploration of the rs9514828 polymorphism in other AP cohorts is recommended.
The willingness to emigrate in six MENA countries: The role of post‐revolutionary stress
Authors: Fakih Ali , El Baba Malak 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the determinants of emigration from six Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in light of the Arab Spring of 2011. The aim is to determine if the economically unfortunate events which occurred as a result of the Arab Spring, resulted in a brain drain for many countries. The paper's analysis is conducted using the Arab Transformation Project dataset of the year 2014 by employing an ordered probit model. The paper's main conclusion is that sentiments of unhappiness appear to be the primary determinant of the willingness to emigrate. Other post‐revolutionary feelings include lack of trust and political and democratic discontent, which highly encourage the willingness to emigrate. In addition, socio‐economic factors, such as being young, male, and highly educated, contribute to the willingness to emigrate. However, married individuals are less likely to consider emigration.