bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing ICWA compliance to improve Native American child & family outcomes
Authors: Sage Melanie , Barkdull Carenlee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) is a federal law enacted to prevent the unnecessary removal of tribal children from their families and cultures. This methodological report describes how a research team operationalized court compliance with ICWA through a statewide record audit conducted over three years in a Midwestern state.MethodWe designed an ICWA Compliance Checklist to serve as a basis for evaluating ICWA compliance and used it to assess court records. We analyzed the process of developing a compliance tool and documented the lessons learned.ResultsMethodological difficulties included matching research strategies to available data and negotiating the project's scope with the partners. However, the Checklist provided a unique opportunity to report on statewide compliance and shape local practice.ConclusionsAmid increasing calls for the use of system data, social work scholars can consider strategies for a successful research partnership and bring an advocacy perspective to the assessment of public data, especially regarding sovereignty issues.
Vitamin D supplementation for irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chong Ryan Ian Houe , Yaow Clyve Yu Leon , Loh Caitlin Yuen Ling , Teoh Seth En , Masuda Yoshio , Ng Wee Khoon , Lim Yu Liang , Ng Qin Xiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent and complex gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Observational studies have suggested a relationship between serum vitamin D levels and IBS symptoms. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the clinical effects of vitamin D supplementation on IBS symptom severity and quality of life (QoL) measures.MethodsMedline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. Data abstraction and quality assessment were conducted by four authors independently, and discrepancies were resolved through consensus from the senior author. Continuous data were pooled with standardized mean difference (SMD) using the DerSimonian and Laird's random‐effects model. Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias and potentially “predatory” publication were performed as well.ResultsA total of 685 patients across eight studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Vitamin D supplementation significantly improved IBS symptom severity scale scores, with a SMD of −0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.47 to −0.07, P = 0.04, I2 = 91%). Improvements in IBS‐QoL scores were also observed, albeit not statistically significant (SMD 0.54; 95% CI −0.34 to 1.41, P = 0.15, I2 = 87%). However, small sample sizes, a relatively young study population, limited ethnicities, and varied vitamin D dosing strategies across the studies were notable limitations.ConclusionsVitamin D supplementation could be part of our clinical armamentarium when managing IBS patients due to the potential efficacy and good safety profile. Further randomized, controlled trials are required to confirm the therapeutic effects.
Product label identification with OCR for model‐specific reuse, repair, and recycling: A case study for washing machines
Authors: Sterkens Wouter , Bracquené Ellen , Díaz‐Romero Dillam Jossue , Goedemé Toon , Dewulf Wim , Peeters Jef R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a procedure to automatically identify the product model by evaluating an image of the label is presented. First, object character recognition (OCR) extracts text from the product label. Second, to identify the product model, the extracted text is compared with unique model references in a database, giving access to other model‐specific information. For this comparison, a novel variation of the partial ratio matching algorithm was developed. The product‐model identification procedure is integrated into an interactive web application, which allows for model identification to be performed during preparation for reuse, repair, and recycling: The SmartRe application. Three datasets consisting of 466, 422, and 771 images of washing machine product labels were gathered in collaboration with a (1) professional repair company for consumer devices, (2) a nonprofit repair and reuse center that resells devices in second‐hand stores, and (3) a large recycling company. Results demonstrate that 96%, 91%, and 40% of the product models were correctly read from the product label with OCR, respectively. Of these recognized models, 51%, 88%, and 76% were successfully identified with the SmartRe application by comparing the extracted text with the model database. Further analysis also demonstrated that 72% of the washing machine models identified at the nonprofit repair and reuse center were also found at the recycling facility and that 12% of these models are predicted to be less than 10‐years‐old. This highlights the potential of the SmartRe application to assist in product triage for reuse at recycling centers.
Effect of peer mentoring on physical activity in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sezgin Merve Gozde , Bektas Hicran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo systematically examine the effect of peer mentoring applied to patients with cancer on physical activity.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted as a result of reviewing randomised controlled trials. No year limitation was set, and studies published in English were included in the study. Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost/CINAHL Complete, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Ovid databases were searched up to January 2022. The Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 3 software was used to analyse the meta‐analysis data. PRISMA was employed. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was evaluated by two independent researchers.ResultsSix studies with a total of 1.551 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The results showed that peer mentoring had positive medium effects on the physical activity process (95% Cl = 0.15 to 0.49, p < .001 and Hedge's g = 0.322). The results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability of the outcome measures.ConclusionsPeer mentoring was found to have positive effects on improving the level of physical activity in patients with cancer. The use of peer mentoring can offer a holistic perspective by improving the quality and functional status of care.Relevance to clinical practicePeer mentoring can be beneficial in terms of being a comfortable method and improving the physical activity levels of patients. In addition, health professionals’ awareness of peer mentoring in terms of the provision of holistic care will increase.
Criteria‐led discharge for simple appendicitis in children: A pilot study
Authors: Roddis Bridget , Ensor Nicholas , Williamson Shona , Funnell Hannah , Murthi Sangeetha , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh M 
Published: April 2022

AimCriteria‐led discharge (CLD) protocols have been suggested to increase efficiency of discharge from hospital following surgical interventions. Our aim was to assess the feasibility, clinical outcomes and parental satisfaction following the introduction of a pilot CLD for simple appendicitis (SA) in children.MethodsA prospective pilot cohort study was conducted including paediatric patients with SA who were managed with CLD and a control group who were managed with standard discharge procedures. A CLD pro forma was developed, standardising care guidelines and clinical criteria indicators to be met for children to be discharged post‐operatively. A post‐discharge parent survey was also utilised. The primary outcome measure was post‐operative length of stay (pLOS), with secondary outcomes of post‐operative complication rates and parental satisfaction.ResultsThe control group consisted of 31 patients and CLD group 35 patients. There was no difference in the median pLOS (24 [16.7–44.6] vs. 25.3 [19.1–50.1] h, P = 0.3). Furthermore, there were no significant differences on any of the secondary outcomes. Parental confidence with time of discharge was very high in both control (85.7%) and CLD (88.2%) groups (P = 1.0).ConclusionThe introduction of CLD is safe and feasible. Whilst this pilot has not demonstrated a reduction in pLOS, our data suggest that it is well accepted by the parents.
Molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity in a thermally varying environment
Authors: Salachan Paul Vinu , Sørensen Jesper Givskov 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdaptation to environmental variability is a prerequisite for species’ persistence in their natural environments. With climate change predicted to increase the frequency and severity of temperature fluctuations, ectothermic organisms may increasingly depend on acclimation capacity to accommodate thermal variability. To elucidate the molecular basis of fluctuating temperature‐induced phenotypic plasticity, we investigated heat tolerance and the mechanisms induced by acclimation to thermal variability as compared to those seen at constant temperature. We ran genome‐wide transcriptomic analysis on Drosophila melanogaster subjected to acclimation at constant (19 ± 0°C) and fluctuating (19 ± 8°C) temperatures and contrasted the induction of molecular mechanisms in adult males, adult females and larvae. We found life stage‐ and sex‐specific dynamics of the acclimation responses to fluctuating temperatures. Adult flies exposed to temperature fluctuations showed a constitutive improvement in heat tolerance while heat tolerance of larvae tracked thermal fluctuations. A constitutive down‐regulation of gene expression was observed for several genes in the larvae exposed to fluctuations. Our results for adult females showed that, for several genes, fluctuating temperature acclimation resulted in canalization of gene expression. Both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional machinery were greatly affected by fluctuations in adult males. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment of the heat stress response involving several major heat shock proteins in both larvae and adults exposed to fluctuating temperatures, even though fluctuations were in a benign range of temperatures. Finally, molecular mechanisms related to environmental sensing seem to be an important component of insect responses to thermal variability.
Churning and profitability in the U.S. corporate sector
Authors: Davis Leila , de Souza Joao Paulo A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper establishes that entry and exit stabilize the top half of the profitability distribution in the post‐1970 U.S. economy. We, first, document stability in the distribution of total profits earned on tangible, intangible, and financial capital. Whereas a narrower measure of returns on tangible capital, instead, suggests rising dispersion, it fails to capture post‐1970 growth in intangible and financial assets. Second, we use quantile decompositions to show that churning—specifically, exit for cause—regulates median and top‐end profitability. Thus, the process by which competition drives out unprofitable firms acts to stabilize profit rates in the U.S. economy.
Preparing for selection success: Socio‐demographic differences in opportunities and obstacles
Authors: Jackson Dawn , Ward Derek , Agwu Juliana Chizo , Spruce Austen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is a growing drive to improve the heterogeneity of medical school cohorts. However, those from lower socio‐economic groups remain under‐represented. Understanding the methods used by applicants to prepare for medical school selection, and the challenges they face with respect to opportunities and access, may provide important insights to this lack of diversity. This research considered the influence of socio‐demographic background on preparation for medical school selection and on the successful offer of a place.MethodsAll eligible applicants to a large UK medical school were invited to complete an anonymous online survey (international and mature applicants excluded), detailing demographic data and experiences of preparing for selection and challenges faced (n = 1885). Selection outcomes across all UK medical schools were examined for consenting students (n = 955). Univariate and multivariate analyses explored the associations of preparatory activities and demographic data with subsequent offer of a place at a UK medical school.ResultsThe survey response rate was 66.4%. Clinical work experience (hospital or general practice), fee‐based courses for admissions tests and school preparation courses for interview were activities significantly associated with the offer of a place (P < .05). Those attending independent (private) schools most frequently reported school support and fee‐based courses to support preparation (P < .01). Applicants from state non‐selective (SNS) schools and lower socio‐economic groups more frequently reported challenges in accessing fee‐based support, school interview courses and clinical work experience (P ≤ .02).DiscussionClinical work experience, commercial courses for admissions tests and school‐based support for interview represent areas of preparation that are associated with success. However, they also represent areas that are more challenging to access for demographic groups traditionally under‐represented in medicine. Addressing complex issues of fairness in highly selective higher education settings can appear an insurmountable task. These preparatory activities represent key areas for applicants, schools and institutions to explore and address.
Opposing effects of MYZUS PERSICAE‐INDUCED LIPASE 1 and jasmonic acid influence the outcome of Arabidopsis thaliana–Fusarium graminearum interaction
Authors: Alam Syeda T. , Sarowar Sujon , Mondal Hossain A. , Makandar Ragiba , Chowdhury Zulkarnain , Louis Joe , Shah Jyoti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFusarium graminearum (Fg) is an important fungal pathogen of small grain cereals that can also infect Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, jasmonic acid (JA) signalling involving JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (JAR1), which synthesizes JA‐isoleucine, a signalling form of JA, promotes susceptibility to Fg. Here we show that Arabidopsis MYZUS PERSICAE‐INDUCED LIPASE 1 (MPL1), via its influence on limiting JA accumulation, restricts Fg infection. MPL1 expression was up‐regulated in response to Fg infection, and MPL1‐OE plants, which overexpress MPL1, exhibited enhanced resistance against Fg. In comparison, disease severity was higher on the mpl1 mutant than the wild type. JA content was lower in MPL1‐OE and higher in mpl1 than in the wild type, indicating that MPL1 limits JA accumulation. Pharmacological experiments confirmed the importance of MPL1‐determined restriction of JA accumulation on curtailment of Fg infection. Methyl‐JA application attenuated the MPL1‐OE‐conferred resistance, while the JA biosynthesis inhibitor ibuprofen enhanced resistance in mpl1. Also, the JA biosynthesis‐defective opr3 mutant was epistatic to mpl1, resulting in enhanced resistance in mpl1 opr3 plants. In comparison, JAR1 was not essential for the mpl1‐conferred susceptibility to Fg. Considering that methyl‐JA promotes Fg growth in culture, we suggest that in part MPL1 curtails disease by limiting the availability of a plant‐derived Fg growth‐promoting factor.
First evidence of pyrethroid resistance in Italian populations of West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens
Authors: Pichler Verena , Giammarioli Carola , Bellini Romeo , Veronesi Rodolfo , Arnoldi Daniele , Rizzoli Annapaola , Lia Riccardo Paolo , Otranto Domenico , Ballardini Marco , Cobre Pietro , Serini Paola , della Torre Alessandra , Caputo Beniamino 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCulex pipiens (Linnaeus), one of the most abundant mosquito species in Europe, plays a crucial role in the endemic transmission of West Nile virus and caused the large outbreak with >1600 human cases in 2018. Although evidence of resistance to pyrethroids has been reported for Cx. pipiens populations from Spain and Greece, resistance monitoring has been largely neglected in Italy. Herein, we investigate susceptibility of Italian Cx. pipiens populations to the pyrethroids permethrin and deltamethrin. Results from WHO‐tube‐bioassays revealed mortalities ranging from 14–54%, indicating high levels of resistance, in four out of 10 populations exposed to permethrin (0.75%) and of 63% in one of three populations exposed to deltamethrin (0.05%). Reduced susceptibility (mortality<98%) was detected in almost all other populations. A clear association is shown between the resistant phenotype and the presence of kdr‐alleles in position 1014 of the VSSC, strongly suggesting its role in reducing susceptibility. The study provides the first evidence of pyrethroid‐resistance in Italian Cx. pipiens populations and reports levels of resistance paralleled in the European region only in Turkey. This highlights the urgent need to implement insecticide‐resistance management plans to restore the efficacy of the nowadays only chemical weapon available to control arbovirus transmission in Europe.
Downregulation of a gibberellin 3β‐hydroxylase enhances photosynthesis and increases seed yield in soybean
Authors: Hu Dezhou , Li Xiao , Yang Zhongyi , Liu Shulin , Hao Derong , Chao Maoni , Zhang Jinyu , Yang Hui , Su Xiaoyue , Jiang Mingyue , Lu Shaoqi , Zhang Dan , Wang Li , Kan Guizhen , Wang Hui , Cheng Hao , Wang Jiao , Huang Fang , Tian Zhixi , Yu Deyue 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Seed yield, determined mainly by seed numbers and seed weight, is the primary target of soybean breeding. Identifying the genes underlying yield‐related traits is of great significance.

Through joint linkage mapping and a genome‐wide association study for 100‐seed weight, we cloned GmGA3ox1, a gene encoding gibberellin 3β‐hydroxylase, which is the key enzyme in the gibberellin synthesis pathway.

Genome resequencing identified a beneficial GmGA3ox1 haplotype contributing to high seed weight, which was further confirmed by soybean transformants. CRISPR/Cas9‐generated gmga3ox1 mutants showed lower seed weight, but promoted seed yield by increasing seed numbers. The gmga3ox1 mutants reduced gibberellin biosynthesis while enhancing photosynthesis. Knockout of GmGA3ox1 resulted in the upregulation of numerous photosynthesis‐related genes, particularly the GmRCA family encoding ribulose‐1,5‐bispho‐sphate carboxylase‐oxygenase (Rubisco) activases. The basic leucine zipper transcription factors GmbZIP97 and GmbZIP159, which were both upregulated in the gmga3ox1 mutants and induced by the gibberellin synthesis inhibitor uniconazole, could bind to the promoter of GmRCAβ and activate its expression. Analysis of genomic sequences with over 2700 soybean accessions suggested that GmGA3ox1 is being gradually utilized in modern breeding.

Our results elucidated the important role of GmGA3ox1 in soybean yield. These findings reveal important clues for future high‐yield breeding in soybean and other crops.
Genetic variation for seed storage protein composition in rapeseed (Brassica napus) and development of near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibration equations
Authors: Stolte Nils , Vettel Jasmin , Möllers Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRapeseed protein consists mainly of the seed storage protein cruciferin and napin. Cruciferin and napin have different nutritional values and techno‐functional properties. Shifting the cruciferin/napin ratio towards either more napin or more cruciferin could allow diversified applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of cruciferin and napin in modern winter rapeseed cultivars. Cruciferin and napin contents were analysed by SDS‐PAGE. Genetic variation for both protein fractions was highly significant. Heritabilities were high ranging from 74% for cruciferin to 82% for napin. Napin was positively correlated with glucosinolate (rS = .52**) and seed protein content (rS = .48**). Additional plant material with much larger trait variation was included to develop near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopical calibrations. The Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations showed high fractions of explained variance in cross and independent validation of around .9 for all traits, indicating that the NIRS equations can be applied in routine screening of plant material.
Natural Theology and the Clarity of General RevelationWithout Excuse: Scripture, Reason, and Presuppositional Apologetics, DavidHaines (ed.), The Davenant Press, 2020 (ISBN 978‐1949716030), 323 pp., pb $23.95Natural Theology: A Biblical and Historical Introduction and Defense, DavidHaines, The Davenant Press, 2021 (ISBN 978‐1949716092), 195 pp., pb $14.95
Authors: Anderson Owen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTogether, these two books by David Haines give a biblical and historical defense of natural theology and an argument against VanTil's rejection of it. They bring to our attention the remaining problems in Aristotelian and Thomist approaches to natural theology including what can be known about God from general revelation so that Aristotle's unbelief is without excuse. In the end, the need is for sound arguments to show what is clearly revealed about God.
Variable rate precision farming and advisory services in Scotland: Supporting responsible digital innovation?
Authors: Townsend Leanne C. , Noble Christina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article presents research carried out in Scotland that explored the role of advisors in supporting the adoption of variable rate precision farming (VRPF). Examining data from in‐depth interviews with farmers and advisors in Scotland through a responsible research and innovation lens with a focus on inclusion, we consider the implications of a changing advisory landscape for responsible digital innovation. Our findings show that the main advisors supporting the adoption of VRPF are based in commercial companies, which mostly target large farms. We explore concerns over bias in the advisory process on the one hand and long‐running trusted relationships between commercial advisors and farmers on the other. The research shows that the current system excludes certain stakeholders from the process. Recommendations include policy and programmes to support collaboration between a broader range of stakeholders, including advisory suppliers and farmers in the innovation process. This can promote more inclusive development of VRPF technologies, which represent the interests of more diverse farm types and avoid exacerbating agricultural digital divides.
A Cartographic Approach To The Right Periphery: The Dual Status Of ItalianSembrareAnd Its Korean Counterpart*
Authors: An Duk‐Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cartographic project aims at drawing a map of clause structure that is as precise and as detailed as possible (Cinque 1999, 2004, Rizzi 1997, among many others). In this paper, I focus on the distribution of heads in the right periphery in Korean that I argue provides a direct window into the clausal architecture of the language. Taking as a starting point Cinque's (2004) discussion on the Italian verbsembrarein the context of clitic climbing and restructuring (see also Haegeman 2006, 2010), I examine the behavior of the verbpotain Korean and show that the verbs in question behave in exactly the same way in crucial respects—they can be merged high as functional heads marking speaker‐related evidentiality, while they can also be merged low as lexical verbs. The parallelism betweenpotaandsembrareprovides strong evidence for the universality of the cartographic hierarchy of functional projections.