bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Salt Combined Cycle
Authors: Conlon William M. , Venetos Milton J. , Hume Scott 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Liquid Salt Combined Cycle™ (LSCC) is introduced as a hybrid energy storage system that integrates electrically heated thermal energy storage with gas turbine exhaust heat. The objective is to provide low-cost, large-scale storage of increasingly curtailed renewable energy, and to use the stored energy to reduce the fuel heat rate of the combined cycle and the time required from startup to full power. The performance, capital, and operating characteristics of a hybrid storage system using two energy sources are contrasted with thermal generation using a fuel source and with energy storage using an electric source. These characteristics are mapped onto LSCC technology, which is depicted with a diagram showing the flow of electricity into storage during charging, the flow of stored thermal energy during discharge. Stored energy provides latent heating of steam and fuel energy drives a gas turbine whose exhaust gas provides sensible heating of feedwater and superheated steam. A description of the major LSCC equipment is provided: turbomachinery, two-tank molten salt storage, charge heaters, steam generator, exhaust heat recovery, and condensate heating. Material selection and thermal design of LSCC are summarized and performance is compared to simple and combined cycle. The Cost of Energy and Avoided Cost of Energy are assessed for a hypothetical LSCC unit within the ERCOT region.
Study on Blade Vibration Alleviation in a Nozzleless Radial Turbine via Casing Treatment
Authors: Pan Lei , Yang Mingyang , Murae Shota , Sato Wataru , Shimohara Naoto , Yamagata Akihiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High cycle fatigue (HCF) is the most common form of blade failure in nozzleless radial turbines. Current studies related to blade vibration alleviation focus on redesign of blade and volute geometries. These methods have the drawbacks of long period, performance sacrifice and poor universality. This paper investigates a novel flow control method for blade vibration alleviation based on casing treatment. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical method validated by experiments is employed. Inspired by the generalized force method, the aerodynamic excitation force caused by volute can be offset by introducing additional excitation force artificially. Axial grooves are designed on the casing in the vicinity of blade trailing edge to achieve this target. Firstly, the influence of relative position of volute tongue and grooves on blade excitation is investigated. It’s found that the vibration amplitude is evidently reduced by maximizing the distance between the tongue and the adjacent groove. Generalized force analysis and flow field analysis reveal that the excitation effects caused by volute and casing treatment cancel each other out in this relative location. Next, the influence of configuration parameters of grooves on blade excitation is investigated. Two of the parameters only influence the length of generalized force caused by grooves rather than the phase, which greatly facilitates the design of casing treatment to achieve minimum vibration response. Finally, the effect of optimum design of casing treatment under various working conditions is investigated. The optimum design has good effect at high pressure ratio, which is going to be further optimized to improve its adaptability.
The Effect of Pad Materials on the Limits of Operation for Tilting Pad Thrust Bearings
Authors: Cangioli Filippo , Cristea Alex-Florian , Livermore-Hardy Richard , Tao Yujiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The scope of this paper is to define the effect of pad materials on the limits of operation of tilting pad thrust bearings.
In this paper, the Authors extend the work done by Martin on the limits of operation for steel/whitemetal bearings to other pad backing and lining materials widely used and accepted in the turbomachinery industry, such us, AlSn and PEEK for the lining and CuCr for the backing of the pad. This work has been achieved following a comprehensive experimental characterization of several different tilting pad thrust bearing sizes, with multiple pad backing/lining material options, over a wide range of speeds and loads. The Authors developed and validated a state-of-the-art thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic numerical model to predict the performance of tilting pad thrust bearings and define the limiting envelope. The numerical model couples the generalized Reynolds equation with a 3D heat transfer and structural-mechanics model of the pad, which allows to consider the effect of the pad material properties on the bearing performance.
Experimental data along with numerical results reveal the effect that materials have on the limits of operation for a tilting pad thrust bearings for safe operating load and speed in hydrodynamic lubrication.
Gas Turbine Monitoring Solutions Assessment and Roadmaps
Authors: Emerson Benjamin , Wu David , Angello Leonard , Noble David R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, monitoring capabilities have been growing and expanding to meet the ever-demanding reliability and performance needs within the power generation industry. Even with these increases, many failure events are not adequately captured with existing monitoring and sensor packages, especially for gas turbine engines. In general, gas turbines utilize pressure, temperature, and vibration sensors with several calculated points due in range from costly sensors to impractical to nearly physically impossible.
This paper will serve as an interim update for this investigation of current monitoring strategies to determine limitations and outline steps to better capture asset health. The gas turbine will be divided into three (3) sections for the purpose of categorizing sensor capabilities: compressor, combustor, turbine/rotor. Each section of the gas turbine will include an outline for current, typical measurements. Information will also be shared on new and/or in-development sensors that could be utilized to enhance gas turbine monitoring. Lastly, key monitoring needs will be identified for focus of on-going work to determine possible solutions for gaps in monitoring capabilities and/or methodologies to better capture gas turbine health status.
Based on this information, monitoring solution roadmaps are presented, which identify key instrumentation and developments required to characterize the issue, and enhanced modeling methods for solutions.
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Cryogenic Flux Capacitor for Grid Storage
Authors: Schmitt Joshua , Collado Noemi , Swanger Adam , Otto Marcel , Kapat Jayanta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC) is a cold, dense fluid storage core with integrated design features that afford the designer flexibility and provide new possibilities for the storage and discharge of energy. The stored energy, in this case, is represented by hydrogen physically bonded within the nanoscale pores within the aerogel composite blanket material, and the process of bonding or debonding is governed by principles of physical adsorption (physisorption) and thermodynamics. The large surface area afforded by the nanoporous aerogel (∼1,000 m2/g) allows for storage densities close to, or in some cases exceeding, that of normal boiling point liquids. Its performance easily exceeds what can be achieved via ambient temperature, high-pressure gas storage for an equivalent volume. CFC storage is predicted to be easily scalable, is constructed from readily available commercial materials, lends itself to a range of pressure applications, and is geometry insensitive.
The high energy density of CFC-stored hydrogen allows long durations of storage, such as daily to monthly cycling, which corresponds to approximately 10 to 100 hours of duration, respectively. The techno-economic analysis examines different types of hydrogen storage for commercial viability. The assessment includes the use of hydrogen blended with natural gas in a combined cycle gas turbine. The study provides results for a range of blends from 100% natural gas to 100% hydrogen. The required fuel usages are estimated for the intended application in a grid scenario that features large amounts of renewable penetration, 10 hours, and as a baseload, 100 hours.
The study presents preliminary estimates of the capital cost of storage and operating cost of storage. In addition, the cost of firing natural gas and capturing the carbon dioxide (CO2) in a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) system is assessed. Based on the study, it is shown that CFC can competitively meet performance and cost needs for grid-based energy storage.
The Design of a Small-Scale Pumped Heat Energy Storage System for the Demonstration of Controls and Operability
Authors: Smith Natalie R. , Tom Brittany , Rimpel Aaron , Just Joshua , Marshall Michael , Khawly George , Revak Thomas , Hoopes Kevin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Long-duration, grid-scale energy storage technologies provide a potential pathway to enable the full penetration of renewables into the electricity grid while still maintaining grid reliability and security. Among these technologies, pumped heat energy storage (PHES) stores energy thermally using a heat pump and discharges that stored thermal energy with a heat engine when needed. With high potential system performance, implementation versatility, and no geological and geographical constraints, PHES is a promising technology. While PHES leverages many existing component technologies, no air-based PHES system has been built and demonstrated and the path to commercialization requires intermediate demonstration. This paper summarizes the design of a PHES system with the purpose of demonstrating operation and verifying control strategies of a closed air Brayton PHES at lab scale. With lower temperatures and smaller machinery, this facility will provide better understanding of operational limitations, discover first implementation challenges, and reduce risk for the full-scale system. This paper presents the challenges associated with cycle design using off-the-shelf hardware, and how that lead to the development of custom machinery including the turbine aerodynamic flowpath and nearly all mechanical design of the turbocompressors. Finally, cycle analysis updates with as-built hardware and transient modelling are presented. The subject design effort resulted in a simple recuperated lab-scale PHES with three heat exchangers shared between charge and discharge mode and two turbocompressor drivetrains, one for each operation mode. At design point, the system is predicted to have 10% round trip efficiency, generate 5 kW with 1 hr of storage.
Stair-related falls in the USA: traumatic brain injury and the role of alcohol intoxication
Authors: Hammig Bart , Haldeman Sydney 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionFalls are a leading cause of head injury in the USA. Stair-related fall injuries are common and often more serious than same level falls. Alcohol is a known contributor to unintentional injuries, and often associated with fall-related injuries, specifically falls occurring on stairs. The objective was to examine the association between alcohol use and head injuries (traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) or craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries) among persons aged 15–64 presenting to an emergency department (ED) with an injury resulting from a fall on stairs.MethodsUsing the 2019 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, US ED records were examined. Injuries due to falling on stairs were retrieved, with the role of alcohol in the outcome of TBI and CMF injuries examined. Prevalence ratios (PR), adjusted for covariates (blood alcohol level screening, patient demographics, drug use, disposition) were obtained from average marginal predictions derived from logistic regression models.ResultsAn estimated 687 902 patient visits related to falls on stairs occurred during the study period. Patients who presented with alcohol intoxication had a higher prevalence of TBI (PR 2.7 95% CI 2.3 to 3.1) and CMF injuries (PR 2.5; 95% CI 2.3 to 2.8). PRs were more pronounced among patients with blood alcohol concentration ≥0.1, as was hospital admission.ConclusionsStair-related falls represent a common cause of ED visits for falls in the USA. Alcohol intoxication had a detrimental effect on the prevalence of TBI and CMF. A multimodal treatment approach may be beneficial given the complex interrelationship between the injury type and alcohol.
In-depth characterisation of a cohort of individuals with missense and loss-of-function variants disruptingFOXP2
Authors: Morison Lottie D , Meffert Elisabeth , Stampfer Miriam , Steiner-Wilke Irene , Vollmer Brigitte , Schulze Katrin , Briggs Tracy , Braden Ruth , Vogel Adam , Thompson-Lake Daisy , Patel Chirag , Blair Edward , Goel Himanshu , Turner Samantha , Moog Ute , Riess Angelika , Liegeois Frederique , Koolen David A , Amor David J , Kleefstra Tjitske , Fisher Simon E , Zweier Christiane , Morgan Angela T 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHeterozygous disruptions ofFOXP2were the first identified molecular cause for severe speech disorder: childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), and yet few cases have been reported, limiting knowledge of the condition.MethodsHere we phenotyped 28 individuals from 17 families with pathogenicFOXP2-only variants (12 loss-of-function, five missense variants; 14 males; aged 2 to 62 years). Health and development (cognitive, motor, social domains) were examined, including speech and language outcomes with the first cross-linguistic analysis of English and German.ResultsSpeech disorders were prevalent (23/25, 92%) and CAS was most common (22/25, 88%), with similar speech presentations across English and German. Speech was still impaired in adulthood, and some speech sounds (eg, ‘th’, ‘r’, ‘ch’, ‘j’) were never acquired. Language impairments (21/25, 84%) ranged from mild to severe. Comorbidities included feeding difficulties in infancy (10/26, 38%), fine (13/26, 50%) and gross (13/26, 50%) motor impairment, anxiety (5/27, 19%), depression (6/27, 22%) and sleep disturbance (10/24, 42%). Physical features were common (22/27, 81%) but with no consistent pattern. Cognition ranged from average to mildly impaired and was incongruent with language ability; for example, seven participants with severe language disorder had average non-verbal cognition.ConclusionsAlthough we identify an increased prevalence of conditions like anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance, we confirm that the consequences ofFOXP2dysfunction remain relatively specific to speech disorder, as compared with other recently identified monogenic conditions associated with CAS. Thus, our findings reinforce thatFOXP2provides a valuable entry point for examining the neurobiological bases of speech disorder.
Effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic sclerosis: a propensity score matched controlled observational study of the EUSTAR cohort
Authors: Kuster Simon , Jordan Suzana , Elhai Muriel , Held Ulrike , Steigmiller Klaus , Bruni Cosimo , Cacciapaglia Fabio , Vettori Serena , Siegert Elise , Rednic Simona , Codullo Veronica , Airo Paolo , Braun-Moscovici Yolanda , Hunzelmann Nicolas , Joao Salvador Maria , Riccieri Valeria , Gheorghiu Ana-Maria , Alegre Sancho Juan José , Romanowska-Prochnicka Katarzyna , Castellví Ivan , Kötter Ina , Truchetet Marie-Elise , López-Longo FJ , Novikov Pavel I , Giollo Alessandro , Shirai Yuichiro , Belloli Laura , Zanatta Elisabetta , Hachulla Eric , Smith Vanessa , Denton Chris , Ionescu Ruxandra M , Schmeiser Tim , Distler Joerg H W , Gabrielli Armando , Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Kuwana Masataka , Allanore Yannick , Distler Oliver 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTocilizumab showed trends for improving skin fibrosis and prevented progression of lung fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) in randomised controlled clinical trials. We aimed to assess safety and effectiveness of tocilizumab in a real-life setting using the European Scleroderma Trial and Research (EUSTAR) database.MethodsPatients with SSc fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR 2013 classification criteria, with baseline and follow-up visits at 12±3 months, receiving tocilizumab or standard of care as the control group, were selected. Propensity score matching was applied. Primary endpoints were the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and FVC at 12±3 months compared between the groups. Secondary endpoints were the percentage of progressive/regressive patients for skin and lung at 12±3 months.ResultsNinety-three patients with SSc treated with tocilizumab and 3180 patients with SSc with standard of care fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Comparison between groups did not show significant differences, but favoured tocilizumab across all predefined primary and secondary endpoints: mRSS was lower in the tocilizumab group (difference −1.0, 95% CI −3.7 to 1.8, p=0.48). Similarly, FVC % predicted was higher in the tocilizumab group (difference 1.5 (−6.1 to 9.1), p=0.70). The percentage of progressive/regressive patients favoured tocilizumab over controls. These results were robust regarding the sensitivity analyses. Safety analysis confirmed previously reported adverse event profiles.ConclusionAlthough this large, observational, controlled, real-life EUSTAR study did not show significant effectiveness of tocilizumab on skin and lung fibrosis, the consistency of direction of all predefined endpoints generates hypothesis for potential effectiveness in a broader SSc population.
Genetic Testing for Hypertriglyceridemia in Academic Lipid Clinics: Implications for Precision Medicine—Brief Report
Authors: Deshotels Matthew R. , Hadley Trevor D. , Roth Mendel , Agha Ali M. , Pulipati Vishnu Priya , Nugent Anne K. , Virani Salim S. , Nambi Vijay , Moriarty Patrick M. , Davidson Michael H. , Ballantyne Christie M. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Severe hypertriglyceridemia is often caused by variants in genes of triglyceride metabolism. These variants include rare, heterozygous pathogenic variants (PVs), or multiple common, small-effect single nucleotide polymorphisms that can be quantified using a polygenic risk score (PRS). The role of genetic testing to examine PVs and PRS in predicting risk for pancreatitis and severity of hypertriglyceridemia is unknown.

Methods:
We examined the relationship of PVs and PRSs associated with hypertriglyceridemia with the highest recorded plasma triglyceride level and risk for acute pancreatitis in 363 patients from 3 academic lipid clinics who underwent genetic testing (GBinsight’s Dyslipidemia Comprehensive Panel). Categories of hypertriglyceridemia included: normal triglyceride (<200 mg/dL), moderate (200–499 mg/dL), severe (500–999 mg/dL), or very severe (≥1000 mg/dL).

Results:

PVs and high PRSs were identified in 37 (10%) and 59 (16%) individuals, respectively. Patients with both had increased risk for very severe hypertriglyceridemia compared with those with neither genetic risk factor. Risk for acute pancreatitis was also increased in individuals with both genetic risk factors (odds ratio, 5.1 [
P
=0.02] after controlling for age, race, sex, body mass index, and highest triglyceride level), but not in individuals with PV or high PRS alone.

Conclusions:
The presence of both PV and high PRS significantly increased risk for very severe hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis, whereas PV or PRS alone only modestly increased risk. Genetic testing may help identify patients with hypertriglyceridemia who have the greatest risk for developing pancreatitis and may derive the greatest benefit from novel triglyceride-lowering therapies.
Level of Vascular Inflammation Is Higher in Acute Coronary Syndromes Compared with Chronic Coronary Disease
Authors: Araki Makoto , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Nakajima Akihiro , Yonetsu Taishi , Seegers Lena Marie , Dey Damini , Lee Hang , McNulty Iris , Yasui Yumi , Teng Yun , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Jang Ik-Kyung 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Vascular inflammation has been recognized as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation by computed tomography angiography has emerged as a marker specific for coronary artery inflammation. We examined the relationship between clinical presentation and coronary artery inflammation assessed by PCAT attenuation and coronary plaque characteristics.

Methods:
Patients with ACS or stable angina pectoris (SAP) who underwent preintervention coronary computed tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography were enrolled. PCAT attenuation was measured around the culprit lesion and in the proximal 40 mm of all coronary arteries. PCAT attenuation and optical coherence tomography findings were compared between patients with ACS versus SAP.

Results:

Among 471 patients (ACS: 198, SAP: 273), PCAT attenuation was higher in ACS patients than in SAP patients both at the culprit plaque level (−67.5±9.6 Hounsfield unit [HU] versus −71.5±11.0 HU,
P<
0.001) and at the culprit vessel level (−68.3±7.7 HU versus −71.1±7.9 HU,
P<
0.001). The mean PCAT attenuation of all 3 coronary arteries was also significantly higher in ACS patients than in SAP patients (−68.8±6.3 HU versus −70.5±7.1 HU,
P
=0.007). After adjusting patient characteristics, not only thin-cap fibroatheroma (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.89–6.17) and macrophages (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.76–6.26) but also PCAT attenuation around the culprit plaque (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00–1.05) was associated with the clinical presentation of ACS.

Conclusions:
PCAT attenuation at culprit plaque, culprit vessel, and pan-coronary levels was higher in ACS patients than in SAP patients. Vascular inflammation appears to play a crucial role in the development of ACS.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04523194
Relationship of Endothelial Microparticles to Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Jang Subin , Palzer Elise F. , Rudser Kyle D. , Fox Claudia K. , Hebbel Robert P. , Dengel Donald R. , Milbauer Liming , Kelly Aaron S. , Ryder Justin R. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Microparticles and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are implicated in accelerating cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, data in pediatrics are limited. We examined the relationship of microparticles and EMPs with adiposity and subclinical CVD risk measures in a pediatric population to determine their potential as biomarkers of CVD risk.

Methods and Results
A cross‐sectional study of youth (n=280; ages 8–20 years) with a range of body mass index categories was used. Microparticles, EMPs, and activated EMPs were measured by flow cytometry. %Body fat and %visceral adipose tissue were measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry. Measures of arterial stiffness and vascular wall structure were obtained. Linear regression (with log‐transformed outcomes) and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations and all results were exponentiated. Youth with overweight/obesity and severe obesity had 2.50 (95% CI, 1.56–4.01) and 3.42 (95% CI, 2.15–5.43) times the geometric means of the total number of microparticles, respectively, compared with those with normal weight. Youth with overweight/obesity and severe obesity had 1.97 (95% CI, 1.09–3.55) and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.31–4.19) times the geometric means of the total number of EMPs, respectively, compared with those with normal weight. There were positive associations between the levels of both microparticles and EMPs with higher adiposity measures and poor CVD risk measures. Youth with higher adiposity showed 1.84 times the odds of having high levels of activated EMPs (%) (odds ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.08–3.14) compared with those with normal weight.

Conclusions
Levels of microparticles, EMPs, and activated EMPs were positively associated with adiposity and poor subclinical CVD risk in a pediatric population.