bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Data Visualisation Tool for Treatment Process Monitoring in Web Browsers
Authors: Chow Christopher W. K. , Liu Jixue , Li Jiuyong , Swain Nick , Saint Christopher P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traditional water quality–based processes of assessment using grab samples are simple to implement but far too retrospective and intermediate to adequately deal with water quality change situation. This case study demonstrated a customised software package using a web-based prototype portal with data integration, visualisation, prediction, and anomaly detection functions for complex real-time field monitoring data sets as a visualisation and decision support tool for treatment plant operators. The prototype was developed to analyse two-dimensional data obtained from a spectrophotometer (absorbance against wavelength) and data integrated from other sources (such as rainfall and temperature). It supports normal functions of time series data visualisation, such as, raw data plotting, zooming, smoothing, Boolean band etc. More importantly, it is specialised in supporting real-time monitoring of data quality, time series data comparison, anomaly detection, and future value prediction. The application of the prototype revealed that if this was placed in an operational environment, it has the potential to inform better operational decision by early detection of changes in water quality and impacts on the treatment process. This work demonstrated the potential usefulness of such real-time display and visualisation of online water quality data and the feasibility for prediction tools to provide an early warning system for process upsets.
Selbstvideographie im Vorbereitungsdienst: Eine Implementationsstudie zur Förderung der klassenführungsbezogenen Unterrichtswahrnehmung von Lehramtsanwärter*innen
Authors: Junker Robin , Holodynski Manfred 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungKlassenführung ist eine zentrale Komponente effektiven Unterrichtens. Jedoch haben Lehrkräfte vor allem zu Beginn der berufspraktischen Tätigkeit häufig Schwierigkeiten, mit klassenführungsbezogenen Herausforderungen umzugehen. Dies führt nicht selten zu Burnout oder beruflichem Dropout. Um solchen Entwicklungen entgegenzusteuern, sollten Lehrkräfte hinsichtlich ihres Unterrichts so früh wie möglich eine klassenführungssensible professionelle Wahrnehmung entwickeln. Dazu wurde eine entsprechende universitäre Qualifizierungsmaßnahme mit Selbstvideographieelementen anhand von 121 Lehramtsanwärter*innen in den Vorbereitungsdienst implementiert. Ziel der Studie war es herauszufinden, inwiefern und unter welchen Bedingungen sich die Maßnahme am besten auf die Entwicklung der professionellen Wahrnehmung, erhoben mit Hilfe eines validierten videobasierten Tests, auswirkt. Bei der Förderung der professionellen Wahrnehmung von Klassenführung konnte sich die Methode der Selbstvideographie inklusive anschließender Videoanalyse vor dem Hintergrund des hochsignifikanten Haupteffekts des Vorbereitungsdiensts nicht gegenüber dem Effekt von traditionellen Unterrichtsbesuchen durchsetzen. Ein ähnlicher Effekt zeigte sich bei dem Vergleich von Peer- und Expertenfeedback innerhalb der Selbstvideographiegruppe. Interessanterweise waren jedoch systematische Unterschiede in der Veränderung der professionellen Wahrnehmung auf Grundlage der standortspezifischen Implementationsbedingungen erkennbar. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für die Übertragung von Innovationen in den Vorbereitungsdienst wird diskutiert.
Unterricht mit digitalen Medien?!
Authors: Kindermann Katharina , Pohlmann-Rother Sanna 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie medienpädagogische Kompetenz angehender Lehrkräfte für die Primarstufe ist bislang nur ansatzweise erforscht und erfordert spezifische Zugänge. Die hier vorgestellte quantitative Studie gibt einen Einblick, mit welchen mediendidaktischen Überzeugungen und motivationalen Orientierungen als zentrale und handlungsrelevante Bereiche professioneller Kompetenz Studierende der Grundschuldidaktik (N = 344) ins Lehramtsstudium starten, wie diese Konstrukte miteinander in Verbindung stehen und welche Prädiktoren dafür identifiziert werden können. In der Befragung wird das Tablet als exemplarisches digitales Endgerät gewählt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die angehenden Lehrkräfte als kompetent im Umgang mit dem Tablet einschätzen und dem Tableteinsatz in der Schule tendenziell positiv gegenüberstehen, wohingegen sie diesen im Kontext des Anfangsunterrichts kritisch sehen.
Rheology of partially solidified hypoeutectic aluminum copper alloys
Authors: Ravi Narayan Lakshmi , Hebert Rainer J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study presents oscillatory and rotational viscosity measurement results on Al-Cu alloys with the goal of achieving effective viscosity data of partially solidified alloys from fully liquid to nearly fully solid state. Rotational viscosity measurements indicate fragmentation of dendrites and a concomitant sudden drop in viscosity of the solid–liquid two-phase mixture upon cooling and increase in solid fraction. This measurement artifact is avoided with oscillatory measurements. The viscosity of partially solid Al-Cu over the hypoeutectic range is nearly composition independent when evaluated as a function of solid fraction. The oscillatory measurements yield a complex viscosity with the real part reflecting the elastic behavior and the imaginary part indicating the viscous part of the viscosity behavior. The measurements of the phase angle in this study reveal that the rheological behavior of the solid phase in the liquid–solid two-phase region resembles that of a liquid more than that of a solid phase.Highlights

Oscillatory rheology is shown to be better suited to characterize partially solidified metal alloys than rotational rheology.

The viscosity of the liquid phase does not change measurably during solidification despite an increase in the solute content.

The solid phase in the liquid–solid two-phase region behaves rheologically more like a liquid than a solid.
Bamboo charcoal fused with polyurethane foam for efficiently removing organic solvents from wastewater: experimental and simulation
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Hu Liyong , Zhao Min , Dai Luyao , Hrynsphan Dzmitry , Tatsiana Savitskaya , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of a multifunctional oil adsorbing material which could effectively and quickly separate oily wastewater is one of the focuses in water environment restoration. In this study, bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as an improver to modify polyurethane (PU) foam. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the addition of BC could effectively improve the mechanical properties of PU. The adsorption data exhibited that the BC-loaded PU (BC/PU) foam composites effectively removed seven organic solvents (OSs, including octane, petroleum ether, soybean oil, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, n-hexane, cyclohexane), and the maximum adsorption capacity of BC/PU was 23.6 g g−1when BC content was 5%. The order of pseudo-second-order kinetic constants and maximum adsorption capacity of seven OSs was octane < petroleum ether < soybean oil < chlorobenzene < 1, 2-dichloroethane < cyclohexane < n-hexane. Based on the experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the adsorption mechanism of OSs on BC/PU-5 was discussed. The EHOMOand μ of OSs calculated by DFT were highly correlated with absorption affinity (K2, Qeand Qmax). Hence, the contribution of OSs to the adsorption efficiency of BC/PU-5 may be mainly due to electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interaction and non-hydrophobic interaction. In addition, the adsorption capacity did not change significantly after repeated recycling 5 times. Overall, the prepared BC/PU foam composites could be used as a potential candidate for separating OSs in engineering applications.Graphical Abstract
3D printed, plastic photocatalytic flow reactors for water purification
Authors: Zhou Ruicheng , Han Ri , Bingham Michael , O’Rourke Christopher , Mills Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract3D printing is known as a fast, inexpensive, reproducible method for producing prototypes but is also fast becoming recognised as a scalable, advanced manufacture process. Two types of lab-scale, 3D printed plastic, fixed-film, flow-through photocatalytic reactors are described, both of which are sinusoidal in shape, and only differ in that one has no baffles, reactor A, whereas the other has, reactor B. Both reactors are lined with a P25 TiO2/polylactic acid (PLA) coating, which, after UVA pre-conditioning, is used to photocatalyse the bleaching of circulating aqueous solutions of either methylene blue, MB, or phenol, PhOH, repeatably, without any obvious loss of activity. The rate of the photocatalysed bleaching of MB exhibited by reactor B shows a much lower dependence upon flow rate than reactor A, due to the greater lateral mixing of the laminar flow streams produced by the baffles. The photonic efficiencies of reactor A for the photocatalysed bleaching of MB and PhOH were determined to be 0.025% and 0.052%, respectively, and the photocatalytic space-time yields (PSTY) to be 0.98 × 10−4 and 1.49 × 10−4 m3 of reaction solution.m−3 reactor volume.day−1.kW−1, respectively. This is the first example of an all plastic, 3D printed photocatalytic reactor and demonstrates the advantages of 3D printing for prototyping. Given the 3D printing is a scalable process, possible potential areas of application are discussed briefly.
Graphical abstract
DIDACTIC NARRATIVE AND THE ART OF SELF-STRENGTHENING: READING THE BAMBOO MANUSCRIPT YUE GONG QI SHI 越公其事
Authors: Pines Yuri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractYue gong qi shi 越公其事 is a recently published manuscript from the Tsinghua University collection. The manuscript provides a new version of the well-known story of King Goujian of Yue 越王句踐 (r. 496–464 b.c.e.), who turned defeat into victory and overcame Yue's formidable rival, the state of Wu 吳. My exploration of this text focuses on its two most notable aspects. First, the story about the policy of self-strengthening allegedly adopted by Goujian offers new insights into the evolution of political thought in the Warring States period. Second, the text allows deeper insight into the genre of didactic historical narratives that became prominent at a certain point of time between the Springs-and-Autumns (Chunqiu 春秋, 770–453 b.c.e.) and the Warring States (Zhanguo 戰國, 453–221 b.c.e.) periods.
Entropy pair realization
Authors: SALO VILLE 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show that the complete positive entropy (CPE) class
$\alpha $
of Barbieri and García-Ramos contains a one-dimensional subshift for all countable ordinals
$\alpha $
, that is, the process of alternating topological and transitive closure on the entropy pairs relation of a subshift can end on an arbitrary ordinal. This is the composition of three constructions. We first realize every ordinal as the length of an abstract ‘close-up’ process on a countable compact space. Next, we realize any abstract process on a compact zero-dimensional metrizable space as the process started from a shift-invariant relation on a subshift, the crucial construction being the implementation of every compact metrizable zero-dimensional space as an open invariant quotient of a subshift. Finally, we realize any shift-invariant relation E on a subshift X as the entropy pair relation of a supershift
$Y \supset X$
, and under strong technical assumptions, we can make the CPE process on Y end on the same ordinal as the close-up process of E.
Open Science for Non-Specialists: Making Open Science Meaningful Beyond the Scientific Community
Authors: Elliott Kevin C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA major goal of the open science movement is to make more scientific information available to non-specialists, but it has been difficult to meaningfully achieve that goal. In response, this paper argues for two steps: (1) focusing on the scientific content that is most relevant to non-specialist audiences; and (2) packaging that content in meaningful ways for those audiences. The paper uses a case study involving a major environmental health issue (namely, PFAS pollution) to illustrate how the proponents of open science can work with groups like government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and extension services to implement these two steps.
ACORBA: Automated workflow to measure Arabidopsis thaliana root tip angle dynamics
Authors: Serre Nelson B. C. , Fendrych Matyáš 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The ability of plants to sense and orient their root growth towards gravity is studied in many laboratories. It is known that manual analysis of image data is subjected to human bias. Several semi-automated tools are available for analysing images from flatbed scanners, but there is no solution to automatically measure root bending angle over time for vertical-stage microscopy images. To address these problems, we developed ACORBA, which is an automated software that can measure root bending angle over time from vertical-stage microscope and flatbed scanner images. ACORBA also has a semi-automated mode for camera or stereomicroscope images. It represents a flexible approach based on both traditional image processing and deep machine learning segmentation to measure root angle progression over time. As the software is automated, it limits human interactions and is reproducible. ACORBA will support the plant biologist community by reducing labour and increasing reproducibility of image analysis of root gravitropism.
Jaguars in the matrix: population, prey abundance and land-cover change in a fragmented landscape in western Mexico
Authors: Luja Víctor H. , Guzmán-Báez Diana Jatziri , Nájera Oyólsi , Vega-Frutis Rocío 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHabitat fragmentation threatens biodiversity worldwide, particularly affecting large-bodied species that require vast territories and move across long distances, including most large felids. The jaguar Panthera onca has lost more than half of its habitat throughout its range and its subpopulations are becoming isolated, making them susceptible to local extinction. Knowledge about the status of its subpopulations in highly fragmented environments is lacking but urgently needed. Using camera traps during 2019–2020, we estimated number of individuals, age classes and sex ratio, occupancy, relative abundance and density of jaguars in Nayarit, western Mexico. We also determined the relative abundance of potential prey and estimated the land-cover change rate during 1999–2019, using GIS. We found that a resident subpopulation of five adult females, two adult males and one cub, at a high density (5.3 individuals/100 km2), is supported by at least 14 wild prey species. Natural habitat in the area is rapidly decreasing because of expanding agriculture and shrimp farming: agricultural areas increased from 39 to 50% and mangroves decreased from 35 to 26% of the study area over 20 years. The high jaguar population density and the diversity and relative abundance of remaining wild prey are remarkable, considering that natural habitat in the area is highly fragmented, shrinking rapidly and embedded in a matrix of human-dominated land-cover types. Effective conservation actions are needed urgently, including the protection of patches with native vegetation, reforestation to maintain connectivity between these patches, and the involvement of local communities.
A Four Carbon Organonitrate as a Significant Product of Secondary Isoprene Chemistry
Authors: Tsiligiannis Epameinondas , Wu Rongrong , Lee Ben H. , Salvador Christian Mark , Priestley Michael , Carlsson Philip T. M. , Kang Sungah , Novelli Anna , Vereecken Luc , Fuchs Hendrik , Mayhew Alfred W. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Edwards Peter M. , Fry Juliane L. , Brownwood Bellamy , Brown Steven S. , Wild Robert J. , Bannan Thomas J. , Coe Hugh , Allan James , Surratt Jason D. , Bacak Asan , Artaxo Paul , Percival Carl , Guo Song , Hu Min , Wang Tao , Mentel Thomas F. , Thornton Joel A. , Hallquist Mattias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOxidation of isoprene by nitrate radicals (NO3) or by hydroxyl radicals (OH) under high NOx conditions forms a substantial amount of organonitrates (ONs). ONs impact NOx concentrations and consequently ozone formation while also contributing to secondary organic aerosol. Here we show that the ONs with the chemical formula C4H7NO5 are a significant fraction of isoprene‐derived ONs, based on chamber experiments and ambient measurements from different sites around the globe. From chamber experiments we found that C4H7NO5 isomers contribute 5%–17% of all measured ONs formed during nighttime and constitute more than 40% of the measured ONs after further daytime oxidation. In ambient measurements C4H7NO5 isomers usually dominate both nighttime and daytime, implying a long residence time compared to C5 ONs which are removed more rapidly. We propose potential nighttime sources and secondary formation pathways, and test them using a box model with an updated isoprene oxidation scheme.
A Seismic Tomography, Gravity, and Flexure Study of the Crust and Upper Mantle Structure of the Emperor Seamounts at Jimmu Guyot
Authors: Xu C. , Dunn R. A. , Watts A. B. , Shillington D. J. , Grevemeyer I. , Gómez de la Peña L. , Boston B. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe intraplate Hawaiian‐Emperor Seamount Chain has long been considered a hotspot track generated by the motion of the Pacific plate over a deep mantle plume, and an ideal feature therefore for studies of volcanic structure, magma supply, plume‐crust interaction, flexural loading, and upper mantle rheology. Despite their importance as a major component of the chain, the Emperor Seamounts have been relatively little studied. In this paper, we present the results of an active‐source wide‐angle reflection and refraction experiment conducted along an ocean‐bottom‐seismograph (OBS) line oriented perpendicular to the seamount chain, crossing Jimmu guyot. The tomographic P wave velocity model, using ∼20,000 travel times from 26 OBSs, suggests that there is a high‐velocity (>6.0 km/s) intrusive core within the edifice, and the extrusive‐to‐intrusive ratio is estimated to be ∼2.5, indicating that Jimmu was built mainly by extrusive processes. The total volume for magmatic material above the top of the oceanic crust is ∼5.3 × 104 km3, and the related volume flux is ∼0.96 m3/s during the formation of Jimmu. Under volcanic loading, the ∼5.3‐km‐thick oceanic crust is depressed by ∼3.8 km over a broad region. Using the standard relationships between Vp and density, the velocity model is verified by gravity modeling, and plate flexure modeling indicates an effective elastic thickness (Te) of ∼14 km. Finally, we find no evidence for large‐scale magmatic underplating beneath the pre‐existing crust.
Bottom‐Reached Near‐Inertial Waves Induced by the Tropical Cyclones, Conson and Mindulle, in the South China Sea
Authors: Ma Yonggui , Wang Dongxiao , Shu Yeqiang , Chen Ju , He Yunkai , Xie Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMoored current observations in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) captured two events of near‐inertial waves (NIWs) induced by the tropical cyclones Conson and Mindulle, which propagated to the seafloor from the base of the mixed layer. The time taken by the Conson‐induced near‐inertial kinetic energy (NIKE) to reach the bottom of the ocean was approximately 12 days. This NIKE was twice as fast as the Mindulle‐induced NIKE to reach the bottom of the ocean, which was mainly dependent on the properties of the NIWs deeply affected by the background vorticity. The NIWs in the upper layer induced by Conson/Mindulle showed a significant blue/red shift (1.07/0.85 ) as the observation site was located outside/within an exceptional anticyclonic eddy. The bottom NIWs showed an obvious blue shift, aligning with the result of ray tracing, which revealed that the bottom wave packets originated from higher latitudes. We estimated an NIW vertical energy flux of up to 0.22 m W m−2 in the abyssal ocean, which represents about 29% of the upper layer NIKE. The reached seabed NIWs had high vertical shear and might dissipate locally and play an important role in the maintenance of deep mixing of the SCS.
Understanding the Impact of Urban Expansion and Lake Shrinkage on Summer Climate and Human Thermal Comfort in a Land‐Water Mosaic Area
Authors: Deng Xiangwen , Cao Qian , Wang Lunche , Wang Wei , Wang Shaoqiang , Wang Lizhe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWuhan has witnessed unprecedented urban expansion that encroached upon sizable inland lakes. However, the impacts of urban expansion on climate and heat stress for such a city with complex physiographic background (land‐water mosaics) remain understudied. Using a coupled urban‐lake‐atmospheric model, we first examined summer climate responses to urban expansion and lake shrinkage in Wuhan during 2000–2020. Second, multiple heat stress indicators were used to evaluate human thermal comfort in different contexts of interest. Results showed that the presence of water bodies reduced daytime maximum temperature, raised nighttime minimum temperature, and increased moisture content in urban and built‐up areas. Urban expansion alone led to summer warming of 0.9°C and drying of 0.9 g/kg, with local peak warming and drying up to 2°C and 1.4 g/kg. In comparison, urban expansion with lake shrinkage showed a reduced magnitude of warming of 0.8°C and increased magnitude of drying of 1.6 g/kg, with the maximum changes up to 1.4°C and 2.0 g/kg. The presence of water bodies reduced while urban expansion increased the frequency of occurrence of yellow and orange heat alert days; however, both increased the number of days exerting high thermal risks on outdoor workers and those days that were dangerous for outdoor pedestrians. Our study underlined that both urban expansion and water body existence exerted a strong influence on summer climate and heat stress in Wuhan, and highlighted that mitigation measures should be taken to alleviate the deleterious impacts of high temperature and humidity on human health.
Effect of a Scale‐Aware Convective Parameterization Scheme on the Simulation of Convective Cells‐Related Heavy Rainfall in South Korea
Authors: Park Haerin , Kim Gayoung , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Chang Eun‐Chul , Kim Joowan , Park Sang‐Hun , Lee Dong‐Kyou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effect of a scale‐aware convective parameterization scheme (CPS) on the simulation of heavy precipitation in the gray‐zone was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We performed WRF simulations with the Kain–Fritsch (KF) scheme (non‐scale‐aware), Multiscale Kain–Fritsch (MSKF) scheme (scale‐aware), and explicit convection (i.e., no CPS). The MSKF scheme uses a scale‐aware parameter that modulates the convective available potential energy (CAPE) timescale and entrainment process in the KF scheme as a function of the horizontal grid spacing. The results of this study show that WRF simulations using explicitly resolved convection lead to overestimations and erroneous precipitation locations in the gray‐zone because the convection and atmospheric instability cannot be appropriately triggered and reduced. The CPS without scale‐awareness in the gray‐zone exaggerates the convection and distorts synoptic fields, leading to the erroneous simulation of heavy precipitation at high resolution. The MSKF scheme with scale‐awareness improves the simulation of convective cells‐related heavy rainfall by removing the atmospheric instability in the gray‐zone, reducing the role of the CPS, and increasing the role of the microphysics parameterization scheme (MPS) with decreasing grid spacing. In addition, the results of sensitivity experiments show that reducing the CAPE timescale leads to the faster development of convective cells, whereas decreasing the entrainment leads to precipitation overestimation. The modulated parameters in the scale‐aware MSKF scheme play a crucial role in balancing the effects of the CPS and MPS in the gray‐zone.