bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization Theories in the Making
Authors: Rouleau Linda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book aims to demonstrate how, over the past 25 years, the field of organization theories (OTs) has been providing stimulating, thoughtful, and innovative perspectives. Junior researchers and PhD students will find everything they need to know about key academic conversations central to the field today. The book offers a selective immersion in organizational institutionalism, convention analysis, network analysis, knowledge studies, discourse studies, and practice studies. For each of these perspectives, the book explores its different research streams and zooms in on the research communities that give rise to them. In addition, it highlights how these perspectives all intersect with each other to form a mosaic of ideas that define today’s organizations. This book also invites early career researchers and graduate students to learn how recent theories view and portray the organization and, more specifically, to understand current research questions, conceptual resources, and methods. A deep knowledge of recent OTs is key when building a compelling literature review and making meaningful theoretical contributions. This book offers readers the opportunity to develop their theory-building skills and more by taking a deep dive into the complexities and controversies of OTs. The main arguments of each perspective are illustrated by specific exemplars from academic journals. Each chapter contains a synoptic table summarizing the main scholarly components within each perspective and its research substreams.
The Past 25 Years of Theorizing Organizations
Authors: Rouleau Linda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Readers may be wondering why another organization theories (OTs) book when there are so many out there? This book gives voice to the leading-edge perspectives that have been developed in the past 25 years, namely organizational institutionalism, convention analysis, network analysis, knowledge studies, discourse studies, and practice studies. There is a plurality of new ways of seeing contemporary organizational life, making this an essential resource for junior researchers and graduate students who want to enhance their theory-building skills. This introduction describes the organization of the book. Each subsequent chapter provides a selective immersion into the key academic conversations central to the field today.
Network Analysis
Authors: Rouleau Linda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNetwork analysis has helped the field of organization theories (OTs) take a relational turn. Over the past 25 years, various forms of network analysis have been developed to produce knowledge around a specific type of network. On one end of the spectrum, social network analysis aims to explain the centrality or power positions of individual in networks. On the other end, particular attention is devoted to actor–network theory, which is considered one of the most ground-breaking perspectives developed over the past decades. Between these extremes, interfirm network analysis investigates the network structure of the firm and socio-economic network analysis sets out to understand networks as an organizational form. The chapter discusses why these research streams on networks are grouped together, despite their apparent differences, and what makes network analysis so popular in OTs.
Knowledge Studies
Authors: Rouleau Linda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn an economy that gives pride of place to words such as technology, innovation, and creativity, knowledge studies represent one of the major research areas within organization theories (OTs). Knowledge studies scholars are interested in how knowledge is acquired, maintained, extended, and sometimes lost or forgotten. They are undergirded by different views of knowledge: knowledge as a commodity (knowledge management); knowledge as an intangible asset (dynamic capabilities); knowledge as a mental structure (organizational learning); and knowledge as a situated activity (organizational knowing). Throughout the chapter, readers will he prompted to reach their own conclusions regarding a rather thought-provoking question: are knowledge managers the ‘Taylors’ of the new century?
The Next 25 Years of Theorizing Organizations
Authors: Rouleau Linda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To wrap up this foray into the leading-edge perspectives, junior researchers and PhD students are asked to imagine ‘organization theories (OTs) in the making’ for the next 25 years! The perspectives presented in the book will remain powerful lenses for understanding the fluidity and complexity of emerging forms of organization. Then, the chapter offers tips and advice to junior researchers and PhD students for navigating the OTs, producing knowledge, and theorizing their empirical object, whether they are writing a thesis, a research report, or a paper. Finally, it concludes with a brief overview of trends currently emerging in the field but not discussed within the book.
Theorizing Organizations in a Turbulent World
Authors: Rouleau Linda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The afterword asks a provocative question: can theory building change the organizational world? It invites organization theories (OTs) scholars to take even more seriously critical and disruptive issues such as grand challenges, extreme contexts, diversity and precarity. Research on environmental, disrupted or social issues is likely to increase the relevance of our theorizing. Such research provides the intellectual puzzlement that can trigger us to develop new ways of ‘seeing’ organizational coordination and change. However, this cannot be achieved without reflexivity. In a turbulent world, OTs scholars should ask themselves ‘for whom’ they are researching.
Failure to Perform Due to Unforeseen Circumstances
Authors: Rowan Solène 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks into the consequences of failure to perform despite unforeseen circumstances. It notes impossibility as expressed through the concept of force majeure. Force majeure will take effect in line with events of reasonably unforeseeable, insurmountable consequences, and beyond the control of the obligated party. Then, the force majeure results in no liability for damages and discharge from obligations. However, force majeure has no effect under the terms of unforeseeable circumstance would result in making the performance more difficult or costly but ultimately not impossible. The chapter also covers imprévision, which reverses the principle enunciated by the Cour de cassation.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Rowan Solène 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides the concluding remarks of The New French Law of Contract. The Civil Code reform of the contract law section was supposed to mark the new era following the 1804 Code. The reform includes a contemporary framework for contractual relationships in line with the challenges of the globalising era. The reforms’ objectives range from updating and making the Civil Code more accessible, commercially attractive, competitive and predictable. Additionally, numerous innovations were introduced in the reforms to appeal to more commercial parties. French contract laws always adopted common law jurisdictions with more morality. The chapter then explains how the reforms achieve a striking rapprochement with international contract law instruments.
Analysing Silence: Initial Considerations
Authors: Freeden Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiverse sources and theoretical frameworks supply alternative conceptual codes and patterns through which to fashion understandings of silence. One scheme emphasizes the psychological or sociological roles of silence in individual and social conduct, as aspirational, existential, solidaric, relationship positioning, or fear inducing. A second scheme identifies major epistemological constellations through which to process silences: in art and poetry; as amenable to scientific, technical, and linguistic study; as an organic unfolding of experiencing the world by means of shading, ambiguities, and temporality; and as containing codes through which to interpret the patterns through which silence intervenes in and shapes human reflection and practice. The third scheme disaggregates this last constellation into separate categories, introduced in later chapters: (1) absence, lack, and the dichotomies of presence and non-presence; (2) the mental and emotional power of silence in literature and discourse analysis; (3) silences as constituting communication barriers and hiatuses; (4) silence as integrated in speech; (5) the intersection between silence, stillness, and solitude; (6) concrete instances of different cultural contexts—mainly the topic of Part II. Finally, scheme D is composed of seven concealed micro-modalities of silence, reserved for Chapter 7. Silence is also related to two conventional opposites, sound and noise. Silence can be non-sound as acoustical absence and, by extension, unintelligible speech. It is not restricted to the institutionally political. Its political features may appear in disciplines such as anthropology, history, sociology, psychoanalysis, theology, and literature.
Silence, Stillness, and Solitude
Authors: Freeden Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe three terms—silence, stillness, and solitude—are both conceptually distinct and often intertwined in practice. The prominence of the binary speech–silence shifts the emphasis from sound to voice. Silence is thus related to the emergence of logos. But the speech–silence distinction is too crude. Silences can imply verbal responses; they can be transmitted between human beings, and silences in nature have been interpreted as ‘nature speaking’. In some strands of Buddhism, speech and silence may be one and the same. Stillness is often associated with calm and tranquillity but also with death and inertia. By contrast, Carlyle pays homage to industrial toil rather than stillness, in which the performativity of deeds prevails over words, accommodating an unfathomable depth of silences. Finally, solitude shields, conceals, and cocoons, combining a highly private and isolating phenomenon and the elevating, protective, select, and nigh-mystical garb of individuality. It has been held to be the romantic supplement to both silence and stillness, epitomized in Wordsworth’s poetry. Solitude hovers between a strong affirmation of one’s emotional persona and the immersion of self into an extra-human world promising communion and connectedness. It is one of many manifestations that capture the balance at the core of the political: its simultaneously disaggregative and holistic aspects.
The Temporalities of Silence: Theology, History, Anthropology
Authors: Freeden Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores modes of processing silences evident in the imaginative and cultural traditions spread over the field of human inventiveness. Theological and philosophical perspectives contemplate silence as preceding and following creation, signalling two eternities encircling being, logocentricity, and discourse. As the latter are forms of temporal order and shaping, they signify a quintessential political process. Silence plays a central role in religious rituals: Communion, deference, or participation demarcate social roles, assuring stability and room for a partial retreat from everyday life, combining temporal and spatial categories. Historical narratives stitch together the hollows in their subject-matter through fictions, myths, and imaginaries. Any account of history or of biography involves silencing—through prioritizing and ranking, through forgetfulness or chance misplacement, through embarrassment or pride, through marginalizing certain groups, and through stifling alternative narratives, whether intentional or unnoticed. Residual evidence can assist scholarship in identifying those silences. Anthropology attempts to uncover the submergence of indigenous peoples by more recent cultures, and investigates the individual silences of those who cannot make the transition. Assumptions of linear development have silenced and contorted the complexities of lived reality, neutralizing underlying tensions. The silences of the past can be interrogated or refuted. The silences of the future are beyond reach and fragile. But both categories offer an ample platform on which to conduct struggles over policy.
Tacit Consent and Attributed Consent
Authors: Freeden Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLocke cemented the notion of tacit consent in political theory in his Two Treatises, but scholarly emphasis has been on the ‘consent’ rather than the ‘tacit’. As a form of silent performativity, Locke overlooks its unintentionality, contending that consent is signalled through ownership or utilizing public goods such as a highway. Yet politically silent people can move tacitly from ascribed consent to presumed non-consent simply by abandoning their territorial possessions and transferring their physical presence elsewhere. Locke’s tacit consent thus offers a political advantage: the freedom to enter or exit territories through a political inconclusiveness unburdened by the constraints of commitment induced by text or speech. That freedom is unavailable to those who have expressly consented. The political becomes a major exploiter of silence as its vehicle. Tacit consent is also evident in various marriage rituals in which unequal power exchanges occur. More recent instances of a ‘silent majority’ play prominent roles in political discourse carrying fantasies of control.
Ideological Assimilations of Silence
Authors: Freeden Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdeologies codify what their proponents claim is ‘correct’, ‘meaningful’, or ‘appropriate’ political discourse, involving patterns of conceptual decontestation, commission, and omission. All ideologies display silencing and concealing logics such as exclusion, naturalizing, and simplifying, introducing certainty into their claims. Within each ideological family, further codes regarding the overt or covert handling of silence apply. All ideological families let voices through under certain circumstances, while rationing, regulating, or thwarting their access in other areas. Silence is a precious ideological resource, offering a tabula rasa on which to chart preferred routes to securing the political prerequisites of order, harmony, progress, and collective purpose. Marxism sees itself as unmasking the hidden, oppressive, and distorting arrangements in a society. Liberals who extol privacy overlook abuses that can occur within that shielded domain. Feminists have endured ignorance and cultural disregard for issues specifically pertinent to women’s lives. Anarchists keen to dismantle political control can be unaware of the politicization, organization, and leadership it requires. Conservatives mask human design by appealing to God, history, or economics as masters of human fate. Socialists may bury reform in the folds of a distant and obviously silent future. Populists conceal social diversity by claiming to voice the undifferentiated will of the people. Totalitarianisms routinize power and fear to the point where suppressing dissent and political criticism is normalized.
The Library of Paradise
Authors: Michelson David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book tells the story of contemplative reading, a spiritual discipline practiced in the Syriac Christian monasteries of the Church of the East in sixth- and seventh-century Mesopotamia. These ascetics practiced a form of contemplation which moved from reading, to meditation, to prayer, to the ecstasy of divine vision. The book proceeds in two parts. The first part crafts a methodology. The second, longer part is an historical narrative of the development, definition, and diffusion of contemplative reading. The book adapts methodological insights from prior scholarship on the history of reading, including studies on early medieval lectio divina. Another methodological chapter undertakes a cautionary case study of the British Library manuscript collection and identifies how future scholarship can overcome cultural and racial prejudices which have sometimes obscured the history of Syriac monastic readers from view. The second half of the book employs this methodology to narrate the evolution of East Syrian contemplative reading over three historical phases: the establishment of the practice, the articulation of its theology, and the maturation and spread of the tradition. Individual chapters focus on the role of ascetic reading in the monastic reform of Abraham of Kashkar, the commentaries on Evagrius of Pontus written by Babai the Great, and the monastic handbooks of ʿEnanishoʿ of Adiabene and Dadishoʿ of Qatar. A concluding chapter points the way forward for further scholarship by noting the long legacy of East Syrian contemplative reading through its reception into Sogdian, Arabic, and Ethiopic monastic libraries.
Contemplative Reading on the Banks of the Euphrates
Authors: Michelson David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the first phase in the development of the tradition of East Syrian contemplative reading, its establishment as a practice in the monastic reform of Abraham of Kashkar, sixth-century abbot of the Great Monastery on Mt. Izla in upper Mesopotamia. The chapter begins by examining how Syriac theologians of the fourth and fifth centuries called for a recovery of the perfect life of “Paradise”. As this Syriac tradition intermingled with Greek ascetic theology, authors such as Pseudo-Macarius and John the Solitary argued that contemplative practices of reading, meditation, and prayer were essential to this pursuit of spiritual perfection. Abraham of Kashkar drew upon this hybrid Syriac–Greek tradition. He imitated Egyptian models to stabilize monastic institutions after a century of tumult in the Church of the East. As evidenced by the School of Nisibis, the Church of the East enjoyed a sophisticated scholastic literacy. The rules of Abraham’s Great Monastery transformed that skill into an ascetic tool. The chapter presents sources which offer context on how these rules may have been practiced, including the earliest extant East Syrian treatise on ascetic reading (by Abraham of Nathpar) and the life of Abraham of Kashkar’s “first-born” disciple, Rabban Bar ʿEdta. This vita not only describes a heroic saintly reader but also offers a rare glimpse into ascetic reading and teaching by women. In sum, the chapter demonstrates how Abraham of Kashkar’s reform drew upon the East Syrian scholastic movement and Egyptian monasticism to firmly establish East Syrian contemplative reading as an essential monastic practice.
“Dense with Every Kind of Fruit”
Authors: Michelson David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the final stage in the development of East Syrian contemplative reading, the dissemination of the mature tradition across the Church of the East over the seventh century. After a review of transitional authors from this period (Shubḥalmaran and Sahdona), this chapter examines the foundational role of contemplative reading in the widely read works of ʿEnanishoʿ of Adiabene and Dadishoʿ of Qatar. The earlier of these two authors, ʿEnanishoʿ, composed the Paradise, an anthology of largely Egyptian ascetic hagiography and apophthegmata that would stand for centuries as the essential text for Syriac contemplative reading. This one-volume library offered its readers a door to “Paradise” through contemplation. The popularity of the Paradise is confirmed by its reception. Dadishoʿ of Qatar wrote commentaries to teach ascetic reading, including one on ʿEnanishoʿ’s Paradise. He taught that monks should read in the manner of the desert solitaries of Egypt. Their reading led them to depart “spiritually” from their cells to commune momentarily with God in Paradise. Dadishoʿ’s advice reveals the strength of East Syrian ascetic reading in his day. He railed against forms of reading which might divert the monk from spiritual ascent, rejecting excessive hymnody and even Antiochene exegesis. While some scholars have mistaken Dadishoʿ as advocating allegorical exegesis, this chapter reveals that he was championing contemplative reading. Indeed, in his polemics, it is Dadishoʿ who first gives a specific name to this tradition, referring to ascetic reading as “the solitary fathers’ commentary”.
Colliding Worlds
Authors: Marchi Simone 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Colliding Worlds covers the formation of the Solar System. Despite the recorded destructive power, cosmic collisions played a vital role in creation. Massive violent collisions 4.6 billion years ago gouged out vast craters from newborn planets that created planets or moons. Collisions also sparked an understanding of the significance of Earth’s geological history, life, and the formation of sibling terrestrial planets and exoplanets. The earlier days of the planets are being visualised through the help of the information gathered by Apollo astronauts, spacecraft, and Mars rovers. Moreover, clues on the birth of the Solar System are primarily found by examining Earth’s oldest rocks and meteorites.
Wandering Among The Planets
Authors: Marchi Simone 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Meteorites are suspected to provide possible answers to the earliest evolution of the Solar System. However, meteorites have similar issues as lunar rocks as there is no actual definition of the geographical context of their respective terrains. Then, geochemists found that the chemical makeup of minerals could identify parent asteroids. In 2007, NASA’s Dawn mission took off and reached Vesta to perform the critical move of orbit insertion. The mission found the unique connection between Vesta and the howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HEDs) meteorites as it establishes the time amidst the infancy of the Solar System and the impact history of Vesta.
Earth’s Wild Years
Authors: Marchi Simone 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the history of the Earth. It expounds on the layers of the Earth such as the crust, tectonic plates, and mantle. Scientists believe that the Earth’s core reached its current mass following the collision that formed the Moon as iron-loving elements were added to the Earth’s mantle and crust after the iron core formation. The energy of a collision can trigger the transport of precious elements in the crust and their accumulation in ore deposits. The massive early collisions are suspected to cause widespread disruption and resulted in the birth of life on Earth. Then, later collisions have unfurled new evolutionary pathways on Earth.