bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust‐oriented peered customized mechanism for malicious nodes isolation for flying ad hoc networks
Authors: Buksh Waqas , Guo Ying , Iqbal Saleem , Qureshi Kashif Naseer , Lloret Jaime 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) are gaining popularity due to its extra‐ordinary features in avionics and electronics domain. FANETs are also considered as most powerful weapon in military assets as well as in civil security applications. Due to its infrastructureless design and wireless nature network, some security challenges are overhead that should be overcome before the whole network performance degradation. Malicious nodes are capable of degrading the network throughput and credibility by including false and malicious data. Securing the dynamic network from malicious nodes is a critical issue in infrastructureless environment. In this paper we have purely focused on identification and isolation of malicious node in order to make enhancement in packet delivery rate and maintain the network reliability. To accomplish all these tasks, we have introduced Trust‐Oriented Peered Customized Mechanism (TOPCM) to estimate the trust value among flying ad hoc nodes. In this research, we have also eliminated the malicious nodes presence that causes misbehavior and interruption in the network. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach we have used Network Simulator NS2 to demonstrate the entire process into simulated environment. Simulated results showed that proposed TOPCM works more effectively and meets our desired expectation. The main contribution of this research is to establish trust among nodes that will be helpful to isolate the malicious nodes and make enhancement in packet delivery rate.
Mechanism of biogenic amine synthesis of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Sanchun ham
Authors: Zhang Yunhe , Shan Bo , Gong Jiashun , Hu Yongjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSanchuan ham, produced in Yunnan, China, is food with ethnic characteristics favored by consumers. However, it can contain biogenic amines such as tyramine that are harmful to health, and the synthesis mechanism of biogenic amines in Sanchuan ham is not clear. This study focuses on the regulation of biogenic amine synthesis by quorum sensing. We used high‐performance liquid chromatography to detect the content of biogenic amine in different kinds of ham and found that the content of biogenic amine in Sanchuan ham was higher than that in others. Tyramine‐producing strain isolated from Sanchuan ham was identified as Enterococcus faecium. By monitoring the growth and tyramine synthesis of Enterococcus faecium under cultured conditions, the results found that high temperature and low salt increased tyramine production by E. faecium. After seven exogenous amino acids were applied to E. faecium, only tyrosine could promote the production of tyramine in E. faecium, and tyramine could not be synthesized in E. faecium until a certain amount was reached, indicating the presence of microbial quorum sensing signal molecules in the synthesis of tyramine in E. faecium. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of the differential metabolites produced by E. faecium showed that the contents of some peptides, especially alanyl‐leucine, were significantly increased. Further experiments with synthetic alanyl‐leucine illustrated that alanyl‐leucine activated the expression of tyrosine decarboxylase (tyrDC), thereby regulating the synthesis of tyramine by E. faecium. Alanyl‐leucine acted as quorum sensing signal molecules for biogenic amine synthesis by E. faecium, which provided a theoretical basis for reducing biogenic amine accumulation in ham. It is beneficial to control the content of biogenic amines in ham in the future.
Hyponatremia in COVID‐19 patients: Experience from Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Khairul , Hasan Pratyay , Sharif Md. Mohiuddin , Khan Tazdin Delwar , Ratul Rifat Hossain , Hossain Fahima Sharmin , Molla Md. Maruf Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to measure the prevalence of hyponatremia and its association with clinical and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH).MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in COVID‐19 dedicated wards at DMCH from June to August 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from patient treatment sheets. Two groups of COVID‐19 patients were retrospectively screened on the basis of plasma sodium level at admission: hyponatremic (sodium < 135 mM, n = 84) or normonatremic (sodium ≥ 135 mM, n = 48) patients. Severity was assessed using World Health Organization classification for COVID‐19 disease severity. To compare the two groups, Pearson's χ2 (qualitative variables) and Student's T tests (quantitative variables) were applied. The link between patients' clinical data and outcomes was investigated using logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 132 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 51.41 (±14.13) years. Hyponatremia was found in 84 patients (63.6%) and the remaining 48 patients (36.4%) had normal plasma Na+ values. Among them, 74 (56.06%) presented with severe disease and 53 (40.15%) with moderate disease. At presentation, patients with moderate COVID‐19 disease had 2.15 (1.04–4.5) times higher odds of suffering from hyponatremia. Besides, hyponatremia was independently associated with on admission SpO2 (p = 0.038), hemoglobin (p = 0.004), and C‐reactive protein (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe authors suggest that patients' serum electrolytes be measured during initial hospital admission and then monitored throughout the hospital stay to predict the probability for referral for invasive ventilation and for better management.
Long‐term SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific and cross‐reactive cellular immune responses correlate with humoral responses, disease severity, and symptomatology
Authors: Laurén Ida , Havervall Sebastian , Ng Henry , Lord Martin , Pettke Aleksandra , Greilert‐Norin Nina , Gabrielsson Lena , Chourlia Aikaterini , Amoêdo‐Leite Catarina , Josyula Vijay S. , Eltahir Mohamed , Kerzeli Iliana , Falk August J. , Hober Jonathan , Christ Wanda , Wiberg Anna , Hedhammar My , Tegel Hanna , Burman Joachim , Xu Feifei , Pin Elisa , Månberg Anna , Klingström Jonas , Christoffersson Gustaf , Hober Sophia , Nilsson Peter , Philipson Mia , Dönnes Pierre , Lindsay Robin , Thålin Charlotte , Mangsbo Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCellular immune memory responses post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been difficult to assess due to the risks of contaminating the immune response readout with memory responses stemming from previous exposure to endemic coronaviruses. The work herein presents a large‐scale long‐term follow‐up study investigating the correlation between symptomology and cellular immune responses four to five months post seroconversion based on a unique severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific peptide pool that contains no overlapping peptides with endemic human coronaviruses.MethodsPeptide stimulated memory T cell responses were assessed with dual interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)‐2 Fluorospot. Serological analyses were performed using a multiplex antigen bead array.ResultsOur work demonstrates that long‐term SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific memory T cell responses feature dual IFNγ and IL‐2 responses, whereas cross‐reactive memory T cell responses primarily generate IFNγ in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 peptide stimulation. T cell responses correlated to long‐term humoral immune responses. Disease severity as well as specific COVID‐19 symptoms correlated with the magnitude of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific memory T cell response four to five months post seroconversion.ConclusionUsing a large cohort and a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific peptide pool we were able to substantiate that initial disease severity and symptoms correlate with the magnitude of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific memory T cell responses.
Effects of rosmarinic acid on the inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis rat models after PM2.5 exposure
Authors: Zhou Lingling , Huang Yu , Han Zhijin , Wang Jinchao , Sun Na , Zhang Ruxin , Dong Weiyang , Deng Congrui , Zhuang Guoshun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown the promising prospects of rosmarinic acid (RosA) for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RosA on inflammatory reaction in rat models of allergic rhinitis (AR) after PM2.5 exposure.MethodsAllergic rhinitis rat models were established by ovalbumin sensitization, and PM2.5 was applied at a concentration of 1000 μg/m3, 3 h a day for 30 consecutive days. RosA was administered via intraperitoneal injection (20 mg/kg/d) for seven consecutive days. Allergic nasal symptoms were recorded. The expressions of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, interferon (INF)‐γ, and OVA‐sIgE were determined by ELISA. Histopathological changes in nasal mucosa were observed by HE staining. mRNA expressions of T‐bet and GATA‐3 in nasal mucosa were detected by RT‐PCR. NF‐κBp65 in cell nuclei and IκBα in cytoplasm were analyzed by Western blot.ResultsPM2.5 exposure worsened allergic nasal symptoms in AR rats, while RosA ameliorated these symptoms. Histopathologically, AR rats exhibited disorganized nasal mucosal epithelium, cell exfoliation, eosinophilic infiltration of lamina propria, gland swelling, and submucosal vascular congestion, which were aggravated by PM2.5 exposure and alleviated by RosA. RosA decreased the expressions of IL‐4, IL‐13, and increased the level of IFN‐γ in PM2.5‐exposed AR rats. After RosA intervention, the expressions of GATA‐3 mRNA and NF‐κBp65 in PM2.5‐exposed AR rats were significantly reduced, while those of T‐bet mRNA and IκBα were markedly increased.ConclusionRosmarinic acid may alleviate symptoms of AR rat models exposed to PM2.5 through the modulation of the NF‐κB pathway and Th1/Th2 balance.
The early acquisition of symbiotic algae benefits larval survival and juvenile growth in the coral Acropora tenuis
Authors: Hazraty‐Kari Sanaz , Masaya Morita , Kawachi Masanobu , Harii Saki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLarval dispersal and postsettlement survival of corals play significant roles in the maintenance of coral populations. Most corals acquire their symbiotic algae (Symbiodiniaceae) from the environment in each generation (horizontal transmission). For horizontal transmitters, the quick establishment of symbiosis is important for their survival, since the photosynthetic activity of symbiotic algae provides energy. However, recent studies have indicated that oxidative stress resulting from photosynthesis might also harm coral larvae. Therefore, it remains unclear whether symbionts contribute energy sources along with intrinsic lipids from eggs and assist in settlement/metamorphosis in early life stages. In the present study, we show that symbiotic algae contribute supplemental energy and are also associated with settlement. Furthermore, although juveniles acquired symbiotic algae after settlement, the acquisition of symbiotic algae in the larval stages caused higher growth (number of polyps and size) and low mortality in the juvenile stage. Our data suggest that symbiotic larvae potentially have longer dispersal periods due to their lower lipid consumption rates, which make them better able to retain buoyancy and motility, increasing the ability of symbiotic larvae to settle in favored locations compared with aposymbiotic larvae. Moreover, postsettlement juveniles may continue to benefit from symbiotic relationships formed during the larval stage. Overall, these findings reveal that the effects of symbiotic algae on Acropora tenuis coral larvae are beneficial, particularly under normal seawater temperature conditions.
Incidence of non‐benign arrhythmia in neonatal intensive care unit: 18 years experience from a single center
Authors: Doi Yuji , Ueda Kazutoshi , Ogino Kayo , Hayashi Tomohiro , Takahashi Akihito , Waki Kenji , Arakaki Yoshio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐benign arrhythmias, which require urgent recognition and care in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) settings, are rare but can severely impact neonates. We aimed to clarify the epidemiology and characteristics of non‐benign arrhythmias and their influence on neonates.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study included patients admitted to the NICU at Kurashiki Central Hospital between January 2001 and December 2019. Only patients with structurally normal hearts were included. The use of direct cardioversion (DC), antiarrhythmic agents, and the presence of risk factors was reviewed from medical records.ResultsOf the 8082 admissions, 2919 patients (36.1%) were low birth weight infants (LBWI) weighing less than 1500 g. There were 23 patients with arrhythmias (nine of them were LBWIs) with an incidence of 0.28%. There were 16 patients with tachyarrhythmia (eight supraventricular tachycardia [SVT] cases, three atrial flutters [AFL] cases, three ventricular tachycardia cases, two junctional ectopic tachycardia cases), and seven with bradyarrhythmia (all with complete atrioventricular [AV] block). For tachyarrhythmia cases, seven patients required DC, and eight were on antiarrhythmic agents at the time of discharge. Two patients (28.5%) with complete AV block required pacemaker implantation before discharge. The treatment strategy was dependent on the type of arrhythmia. All patients were discharged without significant morbidities.ConclusionsThe incidence of non‐benign arrhythmias was as low as 0.28%. Arrhythmias can be managed successfully in neonates, yet risk factors related to mortality warrant further study.
Production of Plant Proteases and New Biotechnological Applications: An Updated Review
Authors: David Troncoso Franco , Alberto Sánchez Daniel , Luján Ferreira María 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn updated review of emerging plant proteases with potential biotechnological application is presented. Plant proteases show comparable or even greater performance than animal or microbial proteases for by‐product valorization through hydrolysis for, for example, cheese whey, bird feathers, collagen, keratinous materials, gelatin, fish protein, and soy protein. Active biopeptides can be obtained as high added value products, which have shown numerous beneficial effects on human health. Plant proteases can also be used for wastewater treatment. The production of new plant proteases is encouraged for the following advantages: low cost of isolation using simple procedures, remarkable stability over a wide range of operating conditions (temperature, pH, salinity, and organic solvents), substantial affinity to a broad variety of substrates, and possibility of immobilization. Vegetable proteases have enormous application potential for the valorization of industrial waste and its conversion into products with high added value through low‐cost processes.
Valproate utilisation trends among women of childbearing potential in Ireland between 2014 and 2019: A drug utilisation study using interrupted time series
Authors: Hughes John E. , Buckley Niamh , Looney Yvonne , Curran Sinead , Mullooly Maeve , Bennett Kathleen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine trends in valproate use among women of childbearing potential (WCBP) aged 16–44 years in Ireland following two European‐directed regulatory interventions in December 2014 and April 2018.MethodsThis was a repeated cross‐sectional study using monthly national pharmacy claims data, to examine trend changes in the prevalence of valproate use among WCBP pre and post two separate regulatory events in December 2014 and April 2018. Annual population estimates from the Central Statistics Office were used to calculate the prevalence rate per 1000 eligible women. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series with negative binomial regression was used to examine rates for WCBP aged 16–44 years, and by 10‐year age groups. Prevalence ratios (PR) are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong WCBP aged 16–44 years, there was no statistically significant change in the month‐to‐month prevalence ratio in the post‐ compared to pre‐December 2014 intervention period. A significant decline was, however, observed in the post‐, compared to pre‐April 2018 intervention period (PR = 0.998, [95% CIs: 0.996, 1.000]; p = 0.029). Among those aged 16–24 years, a significant decreasing trend in the month‐to‐month prevalence ratio was found in the post‐ compared to pre‐December 2014 intervention period (PR = 0.991, [95% CIs: 0.984, 0.998];p <0.01). A marginal effect was observed in the post‐ compared to pre‐April 2018 intervention period for those aged 25–34 years (PR = 0.996, [95% CIs: 0.992, 1.000]; p = 0.048).ConclusionAlthough no evidence of change was observed following the December 2014 intervention period, a significant decline in the prevalence ratio of valproate use was observed after the 2018 intervention, which may reflect the introduction of the most recent contraindication measures.
Adaptive neural network decentralized control for nonlinear interconnected systems with time‐varying constraints
Authors: Liu Siqi , Jiang Xiaoli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on a decentralized adaptive scheme for a class of nonlinear time‐varying interconnected systems based on neural networks for output tracking. By introducing constraint estimation method and two smooth functions, the barrier of unknown interaction in the system is avoided. By means of incorporating the back‐stepping technique and the capability of neural networks, we aim to approximate the unknown nonlinear parts and establish a novel decentralized scheme with prescribed performance. Furthermore, according to Lyapunov stability theorem, it can be inferred that all variables of the controlled system are bounded, while the expected tracking converges to a compact set with a small error range. In addition, the simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can obtain a rapid learning effect.
Calibration and validation of soil water reflectometers
Authors: Patrignani Andres , Ochsner Tyson E. , Feng Lei , Dyer Don , Rossini Pedro R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we tested soil water reflectometers represented by the CS65x series soil water reflectometers. The objectives were to (a) quantify the sensing volume of the CS65x sensors, (b) evaluate common univariate and multivariate calibration models, and (c) assess the implications of using uncalibrated sensors. The support volume was determined by analyzing the response of the bulk dielectric permittivity to a changing amount of surrounding media in the radial and axial directions of the sensor. Calibration models were tested using a dataset of ∼300 soil samples spanning nine soil textural classes. A time series of rootzone soil water storage recorded in two contrasting soils and two intensive (n ∼300) spatial surveys of near‐surface soil moisture were used to quantify the implications of using uncalibrated sensors. The electromagnetic signal of CS655 was concentrated within a ∼3.5‐cm radius around the center of the sensor rods. Univariate and multivariate calibration equations reduced the mean absolute error (MAE) in soil moisture observations by ∼40% compared with factory default equations. Uncalibrated sensors did not change the pattern of soil moisture temporal dynamics but resulted in a strong bias in soil water storage in a silty clay loam soil and altered the soil moisture spatial patterns obtained in moderate to wet field conditions in a silty clay soil. The CS655 sensor with the Kargas and Soulis calibration equation (MAE = 0.026 cm3 cm−3) appears to be an acceptable candidate for deployment in soil moisture monitoring networks seeking to avoid site‐specific sensor calibrations.
Sicherheit und Effizienz der en bloc vs. konventionellen transurethralen Resektion von Blasentumoren: eine Metaanalyse und systematic Review
Authors: Oswald D. , Pallauf P. , Deininger S. , Herrmann T. R. W. , Netsch C. , Becker B. , Fiedler M. , Haecker A. , Homberg R. , Klein J. T. , Lehrich K. , Miernik A. , Olbert P. , Schöb D. S. , Sievert K. D. , Gross A. J. , Westphal J. , Lusuardi L. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die transurethrale En-bloc-Resektion von Blasentumoren (ERBT) ist eine Alternative zur konventionellen transurethralen Resektion von Blasentumoren (TURB). Sie könnte dazu beitragen bekannte Probleme der Standardmethode wie fehlenden Detrusormuskel im Präparat, hohe Nachresektions- sowie Rezidivraten zu verbessern.

Ziel
Die Analyse der aktuellen Datenlage zur ERBT in Bezug auf Effektivität und Sicherheit im Vergleicht zur TURB. Datenquelle: PubMed.

Methode
Zwei unabhängige Autoren identifizierten Studien basierend auf den Einschlusskriterien sowie den Schlüsselwörtern. Ein dritter Autor wurde bei Unstimmigkeiten zur Entscheidungsfindung involviert. Screening Keywords: ERBT, en bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor, en bloc TURBT. Eine Metaanalyse von 13 Studien wurde durchgeführt. Effektgrößen wurden mittels Odds Ratios und mittleren Differenzen samt den zugehörigen zweiseitigen 95 %-Konfidenzintervallen geschätzt.

Ergebnisse
Die behandelten Studien untersuchten ein homogenes Kollektiv in Bezug auf Tumorgröße, Multiplizität und Stadium. Die Operationszeit zeigte sich nicht signifikant verschieden zwischen den Methoden. Signifikante Unterschiede bestanden in Hospitalisierungs- und Kathetereinliegedauer zugunsten der ERBT. Die Daten in Bezug auf Komplikationsraten zeigen keine sicheren Unterschiede auf. In der ERBT-Gruppe konnte signifikant mehr Detrusormuskel im Präparat nachgewiesen werden. Keine Unterschiede ergaben sich in der Rezidivrate bei einem Follow-up bis 2 Jahre.

Schlussfolgerung
Die ERBT ist eine sichere Alternative zur konventionellen TURB mit vielversprechenden Möglichkeiten bezüglich der effektiven Resektion von Detrusormuskulatur. Mehr Daten aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zu Rezidivraten, unterschiedlichen Energiequellen und Resektionstechniken sowie freien Resektionsrändern sind notwendig um den Stellenwert der Methode klar einzuordnen.