bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agriculture's globalization: Endowments, technologies, tastes and policies
Authors: Anderson Kym 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe history of agricultural trade stretches back more than ten millennia, but it became more inter‐continental from the 17th century and much denser in the 19th century following the repeal of Britain's protective Corn Laws in 1846 and major declines in international trade costs. Trade was chaotic in the period bookended by the two world wars, but trade policy anarchy gave way to greater certainty after the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was signed in 1947. This paper seeks to identify the forces that shaped that history, and to re‐examine the case for continued openness to trade in farm and processed food products. It does so in the wake of uneven economic growth and structural transformation and as agri‐food systems respond to increased market and policy uncertainties this century—and to growing pressures for agricultural production to become more sustainable and for its food outputs to be safer and more nutritious. The paper points to better policy options than trade measures for achieving most national objectives—options that can simultaneously benefit the rest of the world. Areas for further economic research are noted before the paper concludes.
Assessment of thrombus using susceptibility‐weighted filtered‐phase images in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Lee Joonwon , Lee Ho‐Joon , Ha Sam Yeol , Kim Hyung Chan , Kang Yeonah , Jin Sung‐Chul , Park Seongho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeRecognizing the location and length of the thrombus responsible for large vessel occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke can facilitate effective endovascular recanalization therapy (ERT). We hypothesized that the aliasing or dipole effect produced by filtered‐phase susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) would facilitate thrombus delineation.MethodsOf the patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion who underwent ERT, we screened those who underwent noncontrast CT (NCCT), multiphase CT angiography (mCTA), and SWI before the endovascular procedure. We used an arbitrary index termed measurement of equivalence in thrombus assessed by digital subtraction angiography (METAD) defined as having the same location as the thrombus observed in the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and length differing by less than 5 mm. For NCCT, mCTA, SWI_m (magnitude), and SWI_p (phase), the length of the thrombus and METAD were assessed.ResultsThe mean lengths of the thrombi determined using NCCT, mCTA, SWI_m, SWI_p, and DSA were 14.03, 13.47, 13.89, 9.93, and 8.96 mm, respectively. The absolute agreement for thrombus length was excellent for SWI_p and DSA (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .96), moderate for SWI_m and DSA (ICC = .53), and poor for mCTA and DSA (ICC = .14). The METADs were 26.7%, 40.0%, 33.3%, and 73.3% for NCCT, mCTA, SWI_m, and SWI_p, respectively. The METADs for NCCT and SWI_p were significantly different (p = .045) and those for mCTA and SWI_m were not (p = .537 and .093, respectively).ConclusionsThe SWI_p was best matched with the DSA for the measurement of the lengths and locations of thrombi. The use of pre‐thrombectomy SWI_p imaging for acute ischemic stroke may facilitate a successful ERT strategy.
Polyetheretherketone computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing framework for All‐on‐Four mandibular full‐arch prosthesis: 3 Years' retrospective study of peri‐implant soft tissue changes and ridge base relationship
Authors: Mourad Khloud E. , Altonbary Gilan Y. , Emera Radwa M. K. , Hegazy Salah A. F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to evaluate the clinical peri‐implant soft tissue changes during the first year after occlusal loading and the ridge base relation after 3 years for mandibular computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) screw‐retained implant‐supported hybrid prosthesis of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) framework utilized with All‐on‐Four treatment concept.Materials and methodsSixteen completely edentulous patients were rehabilitated by four implants following the All‐on‐Four protocol. After 3 months, the definitive prosthesis was constructed to be a screw‐retained CAD‐CAM milled framework from the modified PEEK (BioHPP), bonded to polymethylmethacrylate teeth and a pink shaded indirect light‐polymerized nanofilled composite resin imitating the soft tissues. Peri‐implant soft tissue changes regarding plaque, bleeding, gingival scores, and probing depth were evaluated at prosthesis insertion (T0), 6 months (T1), and 12 months (T2) after insertion. Also, monitoring of the ridge base relation was performed using cone beam computed tomography at time of insertion (T0), and 1 year (T1), 2 years (T2), and 3 years (T3) after mandibular fixed detachable All‐on‐Four framework insertion. Using Shapiro‐Wilk tests using SPSS® software version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), all clinical data were nonparametric, while the ridge base relation data were parametric.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences regarding a plaque, gingival, and bleeding scores for all implants with the advancement of time. However, there was a statistically insignificant difference regarding probing depth in the posterior implants (p = 0.581). Regarding ridge base relation, there was a significant difference between observation times only in the anterior ridge area in between the two anterior implants (p = 0.011).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, the full‐arch PEEK framework of fixed‐detachable, hybrid prosthesis used with the All‐on‐Four concept for rehabilitation of mandibular edentulous arches is an acceptable treatment approach. Based on the stable ridge base relation posteriorly found in this study, less stress is distributed to the underlining bone due to the shock‐absorbing ability of PEEK. Special considerations for frequent soft tissue follow‐up and regular maintenance of oral hygiene measures are recommended.
Metre, grouping, and event hierarchies in music: A tutorial for linguists
Authors: Katz Jonah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews some basic elements of musical structure, drawing from work in traditional and cognitive musicology, ethnomusicology, psychology, and generative textsetting. Music features two different hierarchical representational components that can both be visualised in grid notation: metrical structure and event hierarchies (also referred to as Time‐Span Reduction). Metrical structure is an abstract pattern of stronger and weaker points in time that form a temporal ‘scaffold’ against which auditory events occur, but is partly independent from those occurring events. Event hierarchies encode the constituency (referred to as grouping) and prominence of actually‐occurring musical events. Basic principles of these components are illustrated with examples from Western children's, folk, and popular song. The need for both metrical hierarchy and event hierarchy is illustrated using mismatches between metrical and rhythmic structure. The formal, conceptual, and empirical features of musical metre are quite different from linguistic stress and prosody, despite the frequent analogies drawn between them. Event hierarchies, on the other hand, are shown to resemble linguistic prosodic structure with regard to all of these features.
Evolutionary convergence on hummingbird pollination in Neotropical Costus provides insight into the causes of pollinator shifts
Authors: Kay Kathleen M. , Grossenbacher Dena L. 
Published: September 2022

Summary

The evolution of hummingbird pollination is common across angiosperms throughout the Americas, presenting an opportunity to examine convergence in both traits and environments to better understand how complex phenotypes arise. Here we examine independent shifts from bee to hummingbird pollination in the Neotropical spiral gingers (Costus) and address common explanations for the prevalence of transitions from bee to hummingbird pollination.

We use floral traits of species with observed pollinators to predict pollinators of unobserved species and reconstruct ancestral pollination states on a well‐resolved phylogeny. We examine whether independent transitions evolve towards the same phenotypic optimum and whether shifts to hummingbird pollination correlate with elevation or climate.

Traits predicting hummingbird pollination include small flower size, brightly colored floral bracts and the absence of nectar guides. We find many shifts to hummingbird pollination and no reversals, a single shared phenotypic optimum across hummingbird flowers, and no association between pollination and elevation or climate.

Evolutionary shifts to hummingbird pollination in Costus are highly convergent and directional, involve a surprising set of traits when compared with other plants with analogous transitions and refute the generality of several common explanations for the prevalence of transitions from bee to hummingbird pollination.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for refractory premature ventricular contractions that originate from the left ventricular summit: A case report
Authors: Huang Li‐Hong , Gao Zhi‐Zhang , Li Wei‐Yong , Zhang Hou‐Cai , Zheng Jian‐Wei , Liu Xing‐Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe case highlights an available method to minimize the target volume and reduce the radiation dose by using a temporary catheter, to reduce the long‐term risk of radiotherapy for ventricular arrhythmias.
Why avowals must be assertions
Authors: Fan Ning 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn Philosophical Investigations §244, Wittgenstein suggests that we understand avowals (first‐person psychological utterances) as manifestations or expressions of the speaker's mental states. An interesting philosophical theory, called expressivism, then develops from this Wittgensteinian idea. However, neo‐expressivists disagree with simple expressivists on whether avowals are at the same time assertions, which are truth‐evaluable. In this paper, I pursue the expressivist debate about whether avowals must also be viewed as assertions. I consider and reject three neo‐expressivist objections against simple expressivism. Then, I offer my own account of why we should understand avowals as assertions.
Efficient Procedural Modelling of Building Façades Based on Windows from Sketches
Authors: Hu Han , Feng Bo , Xu Bo , Zhu Qing , Ge Xuming , Chen Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRealistic and delicate window models are in great demand for detailed LOD‐3 urban reconstruction. However, current research tends to oversimplify the window models due to the difficulties in describing the complex window types and structure parameters. This work proposes a sketch‐based window reconstruction method for procedural façade modelling. With a rough sketch of the target windows, the method can quickly identify the window type and estimate the grammar parameters, eventually producing detailed 3D models with textures. The whole task is adopted within two neural networks: the classification network to judge the grammar category and the regression network to estimate the parameter value. The non‐photorealistic rendering technology adopted in the present work can generate abundant training datasets, and meanwhile, the attention mechanism is used to identify the grammar parameters precisely. Experimental results on various data verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Increased physical activity reduces sleep disturbances in asthma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Passos Natalia Febrini , Freitas Patricia D. , Carvalho‐Pinto Regina Maria , Cukier Alberto , Carvalho Celso R. F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveIndividuals with asthma are more likely to develop sleep‐disordered breathing. Exercise training improves sleep; however, the effect of physical activity (PA) on improving sleep quality remains unknown. This study had two objectives: (i) to evaluate the effect of a behavioural intervention to increase physical activity in daily living (PADL) on sleep quality in adults with asthma; (ii) to verify the association between a change in sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety, depression and asthma symptoms.MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial included adults physically inactive with asthma. Participants were randomized into the control (CG; n = 25) and intervention groups (IG; n = 24). IG was submitted to a behavioural intervention to increase PADL, and CG received the usual care. Pre‐ and post‐intervention assessments of sleep quality (by actigraphy and questionnaire), PADL level (by accelerometry), asthma control, health‐related quality of life and anxiety and depression levels were conducted.ResultsBoth groups were similar at baseline. After the intervention, IG increased daily steps and moderate to vigorous PA levels. IG also improved sleep efficiency and latency as well as increased asthma‐symptom‐free days compared to CG. In addition, a greater proportion of participants in the IG had improved sleep quality after the intervention. Lastly, IG presented clinical improvement in the asthma‐related quality of life questionnaire and a reduction in anxiety symptoms.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that a behavioural intervention can increase PA, enhance behavioural sleep quality, efficiency and quality of life and reduce asthma and anxiety symptoms.
Triassic detrital records in the western Dian‐Qiong suture, South China: Implications for the eastern Paleo‐Tethys evolution
Authors: Xia Lei , Yan Quan‐Ren , Xiang Zhong‐Jin , Zheng Hong‐Bo , Xu Huan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe provenance and tectonic setting of the Middle Triassic siliciclastic rocks from the Malipo basin, western Dian‐Qiong suture, South China have been examined using the detrital mode, geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb dating. The petrological and geochemical results indicate increasing degrees of weathering, sorting and sediment recycling from north to south. Given the detrital zircon ages, we suggest that the sediments within the northern and southern Malipo basin have multiple provenances and distinctive tectonic settings, including (1) the former was deposited in a fore‐arc setting with derivation from mixed Late Permian–Middle Triassic volcanic arc and uplifted Palaeozoic sequences and (2) the latter deposited in the passive margin of the Northern Vietnam terrane with the predominate derivation from recycled Early Palaeozoic orogen and uplifted Palaeozoic and Precambrian successions. These sediments should be tectonically juxtaposed during the Late Triassic due to the closure of the Paleo‐Tethys branch ocean and the continued South China‐Indochina collision.
Disambiguating spatial prepositions: The case of geo‐spatial sense detection
Authors: Radke Mansi A. , Gupta Abhibha , Stock Kristin , Jones Christopher B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpatial relations in natural language are frequently expressed through prepositions. Thus, in the locative expressions “New York in the United States” and “the house on the river” the prepositions “in” and “on,” respectively, serve to communicate the relationships in space between the subject and object of the preposition. Automatic detection of the use of prepositions in a spatial and in particular a geo‐spatial sense that refers to geographic context is of interest in supporting automated methods for determining the actual geographic location referred to by locative expressions. This work focuses on disambiguation of prepositions in natural language, with the goal of distinguishing whether a preposition is used in a specifically geo‐spatial sense. We conduct machine learning experiments that demonstrate the clear benefit for geo‐spatial sense detection of using transformer model deep learning methods when compared with a variety of methods, that include Naive Bayes, support vector machine, and random forest classifiers with handcrafted linguistic features, and a bag of words approach with a meta‐classifier that adds geo‐spatial features. The best performance was obtained with the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer‐based XLNet transformer model, with a best precision of 0.96 and an F1 score of 0.94 when evaluated on a corpus of natural language expressions that were annotated for this task. We also conducted experiments to detect generic spatial sense, in which the best F1 score, of 0.95, was again obtained with XLNet.
A NEW METHOD TO ENHANCE THE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION OF THE MICROGRID BY SELF-BACKUP PROTECTION
Authors: Alhadrawi Zaid , Abdullah M.N. , Mokhlis Hazlie 
Published: September 2022

Although the differential protection schemes consider as one of the effective types to protect the microgrid, this method may result in inaccurate performance because of the loss of communication link connecting the two ends of the line or other reasons. Therefore, the use of backup protection can lead to more accurate results. In this paper, self-backup protection is presented to cover the mal-operation of main protection. In this scheme, a new R-ratio method is defined based on the summation of the three-phase currents and the minimum of the three-phase voltages to overcome the low fault current during the islanded microgrid. The proposed scheme can detect all fault types during both operation modes of microgrid, grid-connected and islanded for radial and loop configuration. The validation of the proposed scheme is performed using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulation results proved that the proposed scheme could provide adequate protection against various fault types in grid-connected and islanded operation modes for a radial and loop configuration.
Spatial Adaptive Arrangement of Street Vendors to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Simpang Lima, Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Widjajanti Retno , Ristianti Novia Sari , Ardiati Hariditia Hemas , Nooringsih Kanindya 
Published: September 2022

Covid-19 has caused a global crisis that has affected various aspects of life, including urban spatial arrangement, such as arrangement of street vendors activities in urban public spaces. As one of the activities supports that have developed due to primary urban activities, street vendors often occupy public spaces, as can be seen in Simpang Lima in Semarang, a central business and culinary tourism district where street vendors sell their good on pedestrian ways. Moreover, these vendors have been stabilized to accommodate their existence in sustainable manner. Hence, it is necessary to review the adaption of this arrangement to pandemics, bearing in mind the necessity of precautions against Covid-19 and physical distancing in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). This research applied quantitative methods and obtained data by collecting questionnaires and observations, showing that street vendors’ spatial arrangement within the food court concept in Simpang Lima had been adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic reviewed from space arrangement, vending facilities, and health protocol applications. Among the precautions implemented for each vendor are the arrangement of space using modular spaces of size 3 by 3 meters, so that each has their own adaptive space, in accordance with physical distancing; maintaining spaces properly ventilated; applying a distance of more than one meter between any two tables in the consumer dining space; washing utensils in running water to maximize cleanliness; and ensuring the availability of public sinks with running water for customers and the public.
Recreation as a Social Factor in Urban Development: A Response to Covid-19 Pandemic in Greater Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Wash Peter Musa , Omar Shida Irwana , Mohamed Badaruddin , Isa Mohd Ismail 
Published: September 2022

The importance of recreation cannot be overemphasised. Recreation refers to an activity that people engage in during their free time, and it is socially-inclined and has attendant values. Inaccessibility to recreational areas affects the social wellbeing of residents, who will not have a sense of belonging when it comes to community development, hence a response to Covid-19. Taking Greater Jos (Nigeria) as a case study, this paper assesses the social factors with regard to the provision of recreational facilities. The study also identified and mapped out recreational areas using the geographical positioning system. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst the residents, age fifteen and above to authentically gauge their opinions on the study and, adopting stratified-random sampling considering the ten sectors according to the Greater Jos Master Plan. Results revealed that the residents had a good level of awareness of the presence of recreational facilities and high-quality recreational facilities, which were found mostly within the core of the city. The facilities fostered a high level of family and community bonding. However, the distance of recreational activity areas from their place of residence was what was rather disappointing for most people. Thus, the recent Covid-19 pandemic demand of social distancing negates social inclusion. The emphasis on social orientation and effective social inclusion of disadvantaged groups was conspicuously pronounced. Thus, appropriate and easy access to recreational facilities for all genders and ages must be provided closer to the people for effective services to promote their social lives and weaken the Covid-19 repulsive protocol.
Cardiorespiratory adaptation to low‐dose dexamethasone for lung disease in extremely preterm infants: A prospective echocardiographic study
Authors: Sehgal Arvind , Nold Marcel F. , Roberts Calum T. , Menahem Samuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe cardiovascular impact of dexamethasone (Dex) is not well understood. Most data are obtained from a 6 week, high‐dose regimen, and are limited to findings of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The present study ascertained the impact of low‐dose Dex on cardiac indices when administered to extremely preterm infants for lung disease. A pre–post intervention prospective echocardiographic (Echo) study was undertaken, with cardiac assessments performed before and within 24 h after completion of first course of therapy (10 day regimen, cumulative 0.89 mg kg–1). Thirty infants with a gestational age of 24.6 ± 1.1 weeks and birthweight of 612 ± 125 g, respectively, were studied. The age at Dex administration was 20 ± 9 days. Fractional inspired oxygen decreased from 0.7 ± 0.23 to 0.35 ± 0.14 (P < 0.001). Patent ductus arteriosus was noted in 20 infants at Echo1. At Echo2, the ductal diameter decreased from 2.16 ± 0.8 to 1.1 ± 0.8 mm (P = 0.0003), with complete closure in 7/20 (35%). A reduction in left pulmonary artery end‐diastolic velocity was noted (17 ± 12 to 9 ± 10 cm s–1, P < 0.001). Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased (increased time to peak velocity/right ventricular ejection time, 0.2 ± 0.03 to 0.23 ± 0.03, P = 0.0001) and right ventricular systolic performance improved (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, 4.9 ± 0.8 to 5.5 ± 0.9 mm, P = 0.02). No significant changes in fractional shortening and left ventricular mass were noted. A significant increase in blood pressure was noted. As a percentage of pre‐treatment baseline, the mean increase for systolic blood pressure was 20.3% (95% confidence interval = 14–26) on day 2 (P = 0.008). Low‐dose Dex influenced cardiovascular parameters related to pulmonary circulation.
imageKey points
Corticosteroid therapy is frequently used in preterm infants who are dependent on ventilator support.
Echocardiographic studies in infants administered a 6 week course of steroids have noted left ventricular hypertrophy, outlet obstruction and hypertension, but no information is available on right heart indices.
The cardiopulmonary effects of the current, significantly lesser cumulative dose (10 day regimen, commonly described as ‘DART’) have not been evaluated.
The present study noted a significant influence on ductal and pulmonary circulation indices. Left heart architecture and function was maintained, whereas a significant but transient increase in blood pressure was noted.