bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dear Editor: Critically Engaging with Global Issues and Developing Arguments in a Letter to the Editor Assignment
Authors: Robertson Justin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study presents a teaching experiment in which students composed a letter to the editor that drew on political economy analysis with an impressive 40 percent publication rate in a major Asian newspaper. In contrast to a purely mock exercise, or the submission of op-ed pieces with a much lower chance of being published, this activity offered students the opportunity to communicate their positions to the community. Instructors must be attuned to privacy concerns and the article appraises the advantages and disadvantages of four approaches to public writing. Results from a questionnaire and focus groups indicated that this short-form writing helped students to construct a single argument, broaden their global outlook, critically assess media information, and develop a more concise writing style. However, some students struggled to connect their letter to the course content. The article thus ends by proposing ways that the assignment may be modified, such as linking letters to another assignment, supporting students by sharing suggestions from newspaper editors and scholars whose letters are regularly published, and outlining a collaborative writing exercise building on letters to the editor as a foundation. By improving their public writing skills, this assignment may prove useful in the online lives of students.
Diffusion of amoxicillin into heart valves from infective endocarditis patients
Authors: Lalanne Sébastien , Guérin François , Flécher Erwan , Cattoir Vincent , Nesseler Nicolas , Revest Matthieu , Verdier Marie-Clémence 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Amoxicillin is the drug of choice in the management of streptococcal and enterococcal infective endocarditis (IE) but little is known regarding amoxicillin diffusion into infected heart valves. Herein, we assessed amoxicillin valvular distribution and related pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment in IE patients undergoing heart valve surgery.

Patients and methods
In this 2-year prospective study, patients with IE treated by continuous infusion of amoxicillin and undergoing a surgical valve replacement were included. Both amoxicillin plasma and tissue concentrations were measured the day of surgery. Amoxicillin concentration in plasma and crushed heart valves were measured by a validated liquid chromatography method coupled with ultra-violet and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. MIC and MBC of amoxicillin were determined for all available isolates. The rate of achievement of PK/PD efficacy parameters were assessed.

Results
Twenty-two heart valves were removed from 20 patients. Bacterial aetiology was streptococcal (n = 17) and enterococcal (n = 3). Amoxicillin mean daily dose was 12 ± 3 g/24 h, mean plasma concentration was 29 ± 21 mg/L (n = 15), mean tissue concentration was 23 ± 15 mg/L (n = 22). Median diffusion rate was 62%. Patients reached a plasma concentration target &gt;4XCMI (n = 13). Tissue concentrations were bactericidal for all streptococcal IE but not for enterococcal IE.

Conclusions
Amoxicillin intravalvular measurements in IE treated patients showed significant penetration into the infectious site. These data are reassuring that in situ bactericidal concentrations can be largely achieved in the management of streptococcal IE and support the need for combination antibiotic therapy for enterococcal IE.
Diachronic and synchronic variation in the performance of adaptive machine learning systems: the ethical challenges
Authors: Hatherley Joshua , Sparrow Robert 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Machine learning (ML) has the potential to facilitate “continual learning” in medicine, in which an ML system continues to evolve in response to exposure to new data over time, even after being deployed in a clinical setting. In this article, we provide a tutorial on the range of ethical issues raised by the use of such “adaptive” ML systems in medicine that have, thus far, been neglected in the literature.

Target audience
The target audiences for this tutorial are the developers of ML AI systems, healthcare regulators, the broader medical informatics community, and practicing clinicians.

Scope
Discussions of adaptive ML systems to date have overlooked the distinction between 2 sorts of variance that such systems may exhibit—diachronic evolution (change over time) and synchronic variation (difference between cotemporaneous instantiations of the algorithm at different sites)—and underestimated the significance of the latter. We highlight the challenges that diachronic evolution and synchronic variation present for the quality of patient care, informed consent, and equity, and discuss the complex ethical trade-offs involved in the design of such systems.
Procrastination in the Field: Evidence from Tax Filing
Authors: Martinez Seung-Keun , Meier Stephan , Sprenger Charles 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding the structure of time preferences allows for accurate predictions of the effects of changing intertemporal incentives. Behavioral models of present bias are used to rationalize field data seemingly at odds with exponential discounting, leveraging additional degrees of freedom to improve in-sample fit. Largely lacking to date are the critical out-of-sample tests necessary to ensure predictive accuracy. This paper contrasts exponential discounting with present-biased procrastination for around 22,000 tax filers, advancing the literature in this domain by providing novel out-of-sample tests for both theories. Present bias provides qualitatively better in-sample fit, matching substantial increases in filing probability as the tax deadline approaches. Present bias also has improved out-of-sample predictive power for responsiveness to the 2008 Stimulus Act, and experimental data demonstrate a link between present bias and filing times. Without present bias, predicted responses to changed incentives are inaccurate, demonstrating its necessity in research and policy applications.
Native and invasive seedling drought-resistance under elevated temperature in common gorse populations
Authors: Christina Mathias , Gire Céline , Bakker Mark R , Leckie Alan , Xue Jianming , Clinton Peter W , Negrin-Perez Zaira , Sierra José Ramon Arevalo , Domec Jean-Christophe , Gonzalez Maya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe assumption that climatic growing requirements of invasive species are conserved between their native and non-native environment is a key ecological issue in the evaluation of invasion risk. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to compare the effect of water regime and temperature on the growth and mortality of native and invasive populations of common gorse seedlings (Ulex europaeus L.). Seeds were sampled from 20 populations of five areas from both native (continental France and Spain) and non-native areas (New Zealand, Canary and Reunion islands). The seedlings were grown over 36 days in two temperature treatments (ambient and elevated) combined with two water treatments (irrigated or droughted). The elevated temperature (ET) was defined as the highest temperature observed at the niche margin in the different countries. While ET increased seedlings growth, the drought treatment increased mortality rate and limited seedlings growth. Under ET and drought, native populations showed a greater mortality rate (53%) than invasive populations (16%). Invasive seedlings also showed higher above- and belowground development than native ones under these constrained climatic conditions. While phenotypic plasticity did not differ between native and invasive populations, the difference between populations in terms of total dry mass could be related to differences in the climate of origin (precipitation in particular). Assessing the importance of phenotypic changes between populations within invasive species is crucial to identify the margins of their climatic distribution range and to highlight areas where management efforts should be concentrated in order to limit its spread.
Integrated genomic approaches delineate a novel role ofROP1 ENHANCER1in controlling seed protein content of chickpea
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Junaid Alim , Parida Swarup K , Bhatia Sabhyata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUtilizing a combinatorial approach of quantitative trait locus (QTL)-Seq and candidate gene-based association mapping, the QTLs and genes responsible for seed protein content (SPC), a major quality trait in chickpea, were identified. Whole genome re-sequencing based QTL-Seq analysis of bulked recombinant inbred lines from a mapping population contrasting for SPC led to the identification of two QTLs [0.94 Mb on Linkage Group (LG)5 and 1.16 Mb on LG6] encompassing three SNPs, displaying the highest ΔSNP index. These highly significant SNPs and their associated genes were validated in 211 chickpea mini-core accessions varying in SPC, revealing a tightly associated marker affecting CaREN1 (ROP1 ENHANCER1) and explaining a phenotypic variation of 23%. This SNP was subsequently converted into a cost effective allele-specific PCR-based marker that could be utilized for rapid screening of SPC during marker assisted breeding. Furthermore, in planta functional validation via knockdown of CaREN1 transcripts led to significant reduction in SPC of chickpea. This decrease in seed protein is likely due to disruption in the formation of CaREN1 protein complexes comprising chaperones, phosphopeptide-binding proteins, and GTPases that mediate folding, transport and accumulation of seed storage proteins, as indicated through affinity purification-mass spectrometry. Taken together, our data will expedite tailoring of chickpea cultivars with augmented SPC.
Is word length inaccurate for authorship attribution?
Authors: Zheng Wanwan , Jin Mingzhe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Word length refers to a feature that is extracted from texts and used to characterize authorial style; it was quantitatively demonstrated by Mendenhall (Mendenhall, T. C., 1887, The characteristics curves of composition. Science, IX: 237–49). Many similar features for describing authorial style have been proposed; however, research indicates that compared with other features, word length identifies authors with lower accuracy. This study proposes a feature, referred to as c-wordL, to improve the accuracy of authorship attribution in texts through the classification of words into several types by following the part-of-speech (POS) tags and combining these types with the word length data. The proposed method was tested using 200 literary texts from ten different authors in Japanese, English, and Chinese. The results indicated that c-wordL was more accurate than the existing word length-based features and provided useful information that word unigrams and POS tag bigrams could not measure. In addition, the ease of interpretation of different types of features was discussed. In summary, c-wordL outperformed the existing superior features in explaining the distinct writing styles and identifying the authors.
Whose Language? Whose DH? Towards a taxonomy of definitional elusiveness in the digital humanities
Authors: Brown Josh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article responds to the current interventions regarding spatio- and linguistic diversity in the digital humanities (DHs). Previous work has focused on the practitioners of DHs themselves, the diversity of projects, the geographical diversity of peoples and places which such projects represent, and others. Some literature has considered multilingual DH, whether a non-Anglophone DH is possible, or a DH ‘accent’. This article pushes these boundaries further by considering forms of historical linguistic hybridity for languages, language varieties, and groups of people that are no longer extant. It considers one text in particular, the Dictionnaire de la langue franque, to show that, although ‘mixed’ languages are the norm in all societies, forms of hybridity are often left by the wayside in favour of increasing heterogeneity. This observation, in turn, leads to a taxonomy of definitional elusiveness.
How do the dynamics of the Milky Way–Large Magellanic Cloud system affect gamma-ray constraints on particle dark matter?
Authors: Eckner Christopher , Calore Francesca , Erkal Denis , Lilleengen Sophia , Petersen Michael S 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Previous studies on astrophysical dark matter (DM) constraints have all assumed that the Milky Way’s (MW) DM halo can be modelled in isolation. However, recent work suggests that the MW’s largest dwarf satellite, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), has a mass of 10–20${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ that of the MW and is currently merging with our Galaxy. As a result, the DM haloes of the MW and LMC are expected to be strongly deformed. We here address and quantify the impact of the dynamical response caused by the passage of the LMC through the MW on the prospects for indirect DM searches. Utilizing a set of state-of-the-art numerical simulations of the evolution of the MW–LMC system, we derive the DM distribution in both galaxies at the present time based on the basis function expansion formalism. Consequently, we build $\mathcal {J}$-factor all-sky maps of the MW–LMC system to study the impact of the LMC passage on gamma-ray indirect searches for thermally produced DM annihilating in the outer MW halo as well as within the LMC halo stand-alone. We conduct a detailed analysis of 12 yr of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data that incorporates various large-scale gamma-ray emission components and we quantify the systematic uncertainty associated with the imperfect knowledge of the astrophysical gamma-ray sources. We find that the dynamical response caused by the LMC passage can alter the constraints on the velocity-averaged annihilation cross-section for weak-scale particle DM at a level comparable to the existing observational uncertainty of the MW halo’s density profile and total mass.
The Influence of Magma Storage and Ascent Conditions on Laguna del Maule Rhyolite Eruptions
Authors: Contreras Claudio , Cashman Katharine V , Rust Alison , Cortés Marcelo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe scarcity of historical rhyolite eruptions means that volcanological and petrological studies of past eruptions are a key tool for assessing the potential for future hazardous activity and improving interpretations of unrest signals. For the last 18 ky, the Laguna del Maule (LdM) volcanic complex in Chile has erupted primarily rhyolites but with differing magma compositions, eruption styles and eruptive volumes. Rapid surface uplift and episodic seismic activity at LdM over the last two decades has emphasized the need to understand both the recent evolution of the magmatic system and the most likely future eruption scenarios. Using mineral composition, geothermobarometry and MELTS modeling, we assess the influence of the magma storage and ascent conditions on the magnitude and styles of three LdM rhyolites. Magmas of the first and largest Plinian-ignimbrite eruption (LdM: rdm; &gt;17 km3 DRE) form a distinct mineral assemblage with An28–60 plagioclase, amphibole and quartz derived from a magma plumbing system over a large pressure range (90–350 MPa). We suggest that the rdm eruption was triggered by magma recharge and overpressure within a ~ 90 MPa magma chamber of high-silica (&gt;76.5 wt.% SiO2) rhyolitic melt. The rdm eruption appears to have reset the LdM storage conditions, such that subsequent rhyolite eruptions have been smaller (&lt;4 km3 DRE), involved less evolved melt (&lt;75.8 wt.% SiO2) and produced (sub)Plinian-effusive eruption sequences. Of these, we have studied the earliest (Los Espejos: rle) and the most recent (Las Nieblas: rln). Both have mineral assemblages with An20–34 plagioclase and biotite formed in water-saturated crystal-poor rhyolite batches over limited pressure ranges (ΔP ~ 50 MPa) within a rhyodacitic mush reservoir. We suggest that rle and rln were triggered by injection of water-rich magma and volatile exsolution; the transition to effusive behavior occurred because of changes in magma temperature (rle) or magma decompression rate (rln). Similarities in the limited pressure range and high volatile content inferred for the current low-density magma body with the petrologically determined source conditions of magmas that fed past subplinian-effusive eruptions suggest that the next LdM eruption will be similar.
The B-box transcription factor IbBBX29 regulates leaf development and flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet potato
Authors: Gao Xiao-ru , Zhang Huan , Li Xu , Bai Yi-wei , Peng Kui , Wang Zhen , Dai Zhuo-ru , Bian Xiao-feng , Zhang Qian , Jia Li-cong , Li Yan , Liu Qing-chang , Zhai Hong , Gao Shao-pei , Zhao Ning , He Shao-zhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Plant flavonoids are valuable natural antioxidants. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves are rich in flavonoids, regenerate rapidly, and can adapt to harsh environments, making them an ideal material for flavonoid biofortification. Here, we demonstrate that the B-box (BBX) family transcription factor IbBBX29 regulates the flavonoid contents and development of sweet potato leaves. IbBBX29 was highly expressed in sweet potato leaves and significantly induced by auxin (IAA). Overexpression of IbBBX29 contributed to a 21.37%–70.94% increase in leaf biomass, a 12.08%–21.85% increase in IAA levels, and a 31.33%–63.03% increase in flavonoid accumulation in sweet potato, whereas silencing this gene produced opposite effects. Heterologous expression of IbBBX29 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) led to a dwarfed phenotype, along with enhanced IAA and flavonoid accumulation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that IbBBX29 modulates the expression of genes involved in the IAA signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that IbBBX29 targets key genes of IAA signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis to activate their expression by binding to specific T/G-boxes in their promoters, especially those adjacent to the transcription start site. Moreover, IbBBX29 physically interacted with developmental and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related proteins, such as AGAMOUS-LIKE 21 protein IbAGL21 and MYB308-like protein IbMYB308L. Finally, overexpressing IbBBX29 also increased flavonoid contents in sweet potato storage roots. These findings indicate that IbBBX29 plays a pivotal role in regulating IAA-mediated leaf development and flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet potato and Arabidopsis, providing a candidate gene for flavonoid biofortification in plants.
Work engagement, burnout, and the motivation to serve among law enforcement officers during the COVID-19 pandemic and community protests in the USA
Authors: Wright Bradley E , Hassan Shahidul , Baker Daniel B , Teaford Kevin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, law enforcement officers in the USA have faced substantial new demands due to the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide community protests for racial justice and police reform. To understand the impacts of these new demands, this study investigates changes in officer work engagement and burnout over time and the role of public service motivation (PSM) in sustaining high work engagement and attenuating burnout. Using survey data collected in 2019 and 2021 from all officers working in a state-level police organization in the Midwest region of the USA, we find not only that officer work engagement has decreased and burnout has increased but also that PSM is an important predictor of officer work engagement. Contrary to our expectation, we also observe a positive relationship between PSM and burnout among frontline officers in 2019 and no evidence of a relationship in 2021. These findings confirm the adverse impacts of COVID-19 and community unrest on officer work engagement and burnout and suggest that PSM generally enhances officer work engagement but under certain conditions may also increase officer burnout.
Plain metallic biomaterials: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Zhang Jiazhen , Zhai Bao , Gao Jintao , Li Zheng , Zheng Yufeng , Ma Minglong , Li Yongjun , Zhang Kui , Guo Yajuan , Shi Xinli , Liu Bin , Gao Guobiao , Sun Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ‘plainification of materials’ has been conceptualized to promote the sustainable development of materials. This perspective, for the first time in the field of biomaterials, proposes and defines ‘plain metallic biomaterials (PMBs)’ with demonstrated research and application case studies of pure titanium with high strength and toughness, and biodegradable, fine-grained and high-purity magnesium. Then, after discussing the features, benefits and opportunities of PMBs, the challenges are analyzed from both technical and regulatory aspects. Regulatory perspectives on PMB-based medical devices are also provided for the benefit of future research, development and commercialization.
COVID-19 Stay at Home Restrictions and the Interpretation of Emergency Powers: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Chen Bruce 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created immense challenges for governments in their management of the public health response and tested the limits of public law. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the common law jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. It discusses the imposition of ‘stay at home’ restrictions pursuant to public health legislative frameworks, focusing on judicial scrutiny in the context of statutory interpretation. It examines the appellate cases of R (Dolan) v Secretary of State for Health and Social Care [2021] 1 WLR 2326, Borrowdale v Director-General of Health [2022] 2 NZLR 356, and Kassam v Hazzard (2021) 106 NSWLR 520.
Using these case studies, this article seeks to reveal key themes and implications for public law. What approaches have the courts adopted to construe public health emergency powers? How have the courts treated ‘rights-based’ principles of statutory interpretation? Have the courts approached interpretation in the usual manner or displayed an unorthodox level of deference to other branches of government? The article concludes on what implications the judicial approaches have for the interpretation of emergency powers in the future.