bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis of heat transfer augmentation and thermodynamic irreversibility of hybrid nanofluids in a tube fitted with classical and elliptical‑cut twisted tape inserts
Authors: Khfagi Amir Mohamed , Hunt Graeme , Paul Manosh C. , Karimi Nader 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work investigates heat transfer and entropy generation of a turbulent flow of an Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in a plain tube (PT) with classical (TPT) and elliptical‑cut twisted tape (TECT) inserts. The heat transfer and pressure drop are investigated numerically at Re (7000–15,000), mass concentration (1–4%), and the inlet temperature of the fluid (300 K). Further, the total entropy generation and Bejan number are examined at Re = 7000 and a mass concentration of 4%. The obtained results indicate that heat transfer can be intensified when inserting classical and elliptical‑cut twisted tape. In addition, an increase in the thermal conductivity of the fluid may cause a slight increase in the heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, heat transfer and thermal performance factors increase when the mass concentration of nanoparticles increases. The Nusselt numbers for TECT and TPT are 1.7 and 1.57 times higher than those for PT, respectively. The Nusselt number and thermal performance factor of hybrid nanofluid are greatest at roughly 195 and 1.9, respectively, showing 3.9% and 7.73% improvement compared to CuO/water nanofluid at Re = 7000. The analysis of the generation of entropy is expressed as a function of thermal and frictional contributions. The results indicate the existence of a minimum entropy generation for each type of tubes for Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid. Total entropy generation analysis demonstrates that thermal entropy generation dominates at high heat flux. Moreover, increasing the nanoparticles decreases the generation of total entropy, which is ascribed to the thermal conductivity increment. In addition, the rate of total entropy generation declines as the vortex flow increases.
Reflexes of exponent movement in inflectional morphology
Authors: Gleim Daniel , Müller Gereon , Privizentseva Mariia , Tebay Sören E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeemingly non-local phonological operations triggered by inflectional exponents have been observed in a number of languages. Focussing on de-spirantization in Barwar Aramaic, accent shift in Lithuanian,ni-insertion in Quechua,rukirule application in Sanskrit, and vowel harmony in Kazakh, we argue that these phenomena should be analyzed as strictly local phonological reflexes of movement in a pre-syntactic autonomous morphological component. Such morphological movement is shown to arise without further assumptions under the approach to inflectional morphology based on Harmonic Serialism (McCarthy 2016) developed in Müller 2020. Here, each morphological operation immediately gives rise to an optimization procedure, morphological structure-building is subject to simple alignment constraints, and counter-cyclic operations are precluded. Against this background, phonological reflexes of movement are predicted to show up when a potentially complete word triggers a phonological cycle, which is then followed by morphological movement. Finally, we argue that constraint-driven morphological movement is superior to alternative accounts based on (i) non-local phonology, (ii) base-derivative faithfulness, (iii) phonological movement, (iv) counter-cyclic operations (interfixation, lowering, local dislocation), (v) syntactic movement, and (vi) strata.
The economics of PIPEs, revisited
Authors: Momtaz Paul P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines rent sharing in private investments in public equity (PIPEs) between newly public firms and private investors. The evidence suggests highly asymmetric rent sharing. Newly public firms earn a negative return of up to −15% in the first post-PIPE year, while investors benefit due to the ability to dictate transaction terms. The results are economically relevant because newly public firms are, at least in recent years, more likely to tap private rather than public markets for follow-on financing shortly after the initial public offering (IPO), and because the results for newly public firms contrast with those for the broad PIPE market in Lim et al. (2021). The study also contributes to the PIPE literature by offering an integrative view of competing theories of the cross-section of post-PIPE stock returns. We simultaneously test proxies for corporate governance, asymmetric information, bargaining power, and managerial entrenchment. While all explanations have univariate predictive power for the post-PIPE performance, only the proxies for corporate governance and asymmetric information are robust in ceteris-paribus tests.
Callout analysis in relation to wild birds in a tropical city: implications for urban species management
Authors: Hinchcliffe Danielle Louisa , Young Robert J. , Teixeira Camila P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrbanisation is changing landscapes at an unprecedented rate, which consequently changes species compositions. We investigate problems faced by urban birds in a neotropical city by analysing the responses made to callouts by the environmental police of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil from 2002 to 2008. The environment police responded to two types of callouts: solicitation, where a person called to report an issue (n = 560); and reports of hurt or injured birds (n = 399). On average, three callouts per week were made relating to urban birds, with more than half concerning birds of prey. There were significantly more callouts in the wet season, coinciding with peak breeding times for most endemic Brazilian avifauna. We found no effect of caller gender, age or associated socioeconomic factors. Most callouts resulted in birds being forwarded on to Government-managed institute for processing wildlife (n = 584). Only a relatively small number of cases resulted in the birds being released into forested areas within the city (n = 152). Sick birds were sent to veterinary clinics (n = 136) and be released if successfully treated. We suggest how this information could be used to improve urban bird species management in neotropical cities. Our data evidences different guilds to have different relationships with people and birds of prey are less well-understood. The rise in callouts during breeding supports the need for better informed species management, and avoidance of a “one size fits all” approach.
Biomarker development for neonicotinoid exposure in soil under interaction with the synergist piperonyl butoxide in Folsomia candida
Authors: Bakker Ruben , Ekelmans Astrid , Xie Liyan , Vooijs Riet , Roelofs Dick , Ellers Jacintha , Hoedjes Katja M. , van Gestel Cornelis A. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPesticide toxicity is typically assessed by exposing model organisms to individual compounds and measuring effects on survival and reproduction. These tests are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and do not accurately capture the effect of pesticide mixtures. Moreover, it is unfeasible to screen the nearly infinite combinations of mixtures for synergistic effects on model organisms. Therefore, reliable molecular indicators of pesticide exposure have to be identified, i.e., biomarkers. These biomarkers can form the basis of rapid and economical screening procedures to assess the toxicity of pesticides even under synergistic interaction with other pollutants. In this study, we screened the expression patterns of eight genes for suitability as a biomarker for neonicotinoid exposure in the soil ecotoxicological modelFolsomia candida(springtails). Springtails were exposed to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid either alone or with various levels of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs): a common point of synergistic interaction between neonicotinoid and other pesticides. First, we confirmed PBO as a potency enhancer for neonicotinoid toxicity to springtail fecundity, and then used it as a tool to confirm biomarker robustness. We identified two genes that are reliably indicative for neonicotinoid exposure even under metabolic inhibition of CYPs by PBO,nicotinic acetylcholine receptor–subunit alpha 1(nAchR) andsodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter(SMCT). These results can form the basis for developing high-throughput screening procedures for neonicotinoid exposure in varying mixture compositions.
Reducing or Widening the Gap? How the Educational Aspirations and Expectations of Turkish and Majority Families Develop During Lower Secondary Education in Germany
Authors: Neumeyer Sebastian , Olczyk Melanie , Schmaus Miriam , Will Gisela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDifferences in educational goals between immigrants and the majority population have often been analysed at specific stages in their educational career. Little is known about longitudinal trajectories and the development of group differences over time. By applying common explanations (immigrant optimism, relative status maintenance, blocked opportunities, ethnic networks and information deficits), we derived specific hypotheses about the development of educational aspirations and expectations over time, focusing on families from Turkey. We drew upon data from the National Educational Panel Study to assess how aspirations and expectations for the highest school degree develop over the course of lower secondary education in Germany’s stratified school system. Applying a multi-actor perspective, we observed trajectories reported by students and their parents. First, we analysed the development of group differences. In line with prior research, we found higher aspirations and expectations for Turkish students and their parents at the beginning of lower secondary education in Germany once social background and achievement differences were controlled for. Origin gaps for students’ expectations and parents’ aspirations decreased over the course of lower secondary education. Second, intraindividual trajectories of aspirations and expectations revealed that parents of Turkish origin were more likely to experience downwards adaptations than majority parents, whereas students of Turkish origin were more likely to hold stable high aspirations and expectations than majority students.
The many faces of Post-Development: alternatives to development in Tanzania, Iran and Haiti
Authors: Schöneberg Julia , Haudenschild Daniel , Darvishi Hadi , Momeni Somayeh , Ziai Aram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPost-Development, a body of transitional imaginaries, is not homogenous, neither in its critique, nor in the alternatives proposed. Given that the term ‘development’ is already highly contentious, the question of what ‘alternativestodevelopment’ might be, becomes difficult to respond to. In this article, we argue that Post-Development can assume many faces that are highly dependent upon their conceptual and geographical contexts. In analysing practices of resistance, contestation and subversion in Tanzania, Iran and Haiti we investigate in what ways various forms of peasant and community organising can be considered transformative and non-hegemonic. In exploring their common ground, we attempt to examine in what ways strategies of reciprocity, solidarity and commoning in different geographical locations and contexts can be understood as means of survival and/or as efforts to provide alternative pathways for societal and economic transformation.
Robotic operations in urgent general surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Reinisch Alexander , Liese Juliane , Padberg Winfried , Ulrich Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRobotically assisted operations are the state of the art in laparoscopic general surgery. They are established predominantly for elective operations. Since laparoscopy is widely used in urgent general surgery, the significance of robotic assistance in urgent operations is of interest. Currently, there are few data on robotic-assisted operations in urgent surgery. The aim of this study was to collect and classify the existing studies. A two-stage, PRISMA-compliant literature search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library was conducted. We analyzed all articles on robotic surgery associated with urgent general surgery resp. acute surgical diseases of the abdomen. Gynecological and urological diseases so as vascular surgery, except mesenterial ischemia, were excluded. Studies and case reports/series published between 1980 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. In addition to a descriptive synopsis, various outcome parameters were systematically recorded. Fifty-two studies of operations for acute appendicitis and cholecystitis, hernias and acute conditions of the gastrointestinal tract were included. The level of evidence is low. Surgical robots in the narrow sense and robotic camera mounts were used. All narrow-sense robots are nonautonomous systems; in 82%, the Da Vinci® system was used. The most frequently published emergency operations were urgent cholecystectomies (30 studies, 703 patients) followed by incarcerated hernias (9 studies, 199 patients). Feasibility of robotic operations was demonstrated for all indications. Neither robotic-specific problems nor extensive complication rates were reported. Various urgent operations in general surgery can be performed robotically without increased risk. The available data do not allow a final evidence-based assessment.
Screening for Biomarkers Associated with Left Ventricular Function During Follow-up After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Christersson Christina , Baron Tomasz , Flachskampf Frank , Lindhagen Lars , Lindahl Bertil , Siegbahn Agneta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA proportion of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) will suffer progressive remodeling of the left ventricular (LV). The aim was to screen for important biomarkers from a large-scale protein profiling in 420 ACS patients and define biomarkers associated with reduced LV function early and 1 year after the ACS. Transferrin receptor protein 1 and NT-proBNP were associated with LV function early and after 1 year, whereas osteopontin and soluble ST2 were associated with LV function in the early phase and, tissue-type plasminogen activator after 1 year. Fatty-acid-binding protein and galectin 3 were related to worse GLS but not to LVEF 1 year after the ACS. Proteins involved in remodeling and iron transport in cardiomyocytes were related to worse LV function after ACS. Biomarkers for energy metabolism and fibrosis were exclusively related to worse LV function by GLS. Studies on the functions of these proteins might add knowledge to the biological processes involved in heart failure in long term after ACS.
Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11 Suppresses PM2.5-Mediated Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in HaCaT Keratinocytes
Authors: Lee Eulgi , Ahn Hyeok , Park Shinyoung , Kim Gihyeon , Kim Hyun , Noh Myung-Giun , Kim Yunjae , Yeon Jae-sung , Park Hansoo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe skin supports a diverse microbiome whose imbalance is related to skin inflammation and diseases. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a major air pollutant, can adversely affect the skin microbiota equilibrium. In this study, the effect and mechanism of PM2.5 exposure in HaCaT keratinocytes were investigated. PM2.5 stimulated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. We observed that the culture medium derived from a particular skin microbe, Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11, remarkably reduced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells caused by PM2.5-mediated activation of the AhR pathway. Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11 also exhibited inhibition of ROS-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion. Herein, we demonstrated that S. epidermidis WF2R11 could act as a suppressor of AhRs, affect cell proliferation, and inhibit apoptosis. Our results highlight the importance of the clinical application of skin microbiome interventions in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
Vulnerability Analysis in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) — Indications of Intersecting Vulnerable Positions in a National Survey Among Young People in Sweden
Authors: Schindele Anna ChuChu , Areskoug Josefsson Kristina , Lindroth Malin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) policies use gender as the foremost social determinant to explain vulnerability in relation to SRHR among young people. Therefore, our aim was to explore intersecting vulnerable positions within the three SRHR-related outcome areas: unsafe sex, sex against one’s will, and transactional sex, among young people aged 16–29.

Methods
The data set is from a randomised, cross-sectional, and population-based SRHR survey conducted in Sweden in 2015, and the 7755 respondents imply a response rate (26%) in line with the power estimations. How gender intersects with five other social positions, i.e. social determinants (sexual identity, transgender experience, perceived economy, being foreign-born, and social welfare recipiency), was explored through a stepwise descriptive intersecting vulnerability analysis exemplified through three outcome variables: unsafe sex, sex against one’s will, and transactional sex.

Results
Gender intersects with other social determinants and creates vulnerable positions in SRHR-related outcomes. The most vulnerable positions within each of the three outcome variables were the following: (1) for unsafe sex: being a man and homosexual; (2) for sex against one’s will: being a woman and bisexual; and (3) for transactional sex: being a man and having transgender experience.

Conclusions

Despite limitations, the descriptive intersecting vulnerability analysis indicates how gender intersects with other social determinants and generates multiple vulnerable positions in relation to SRHR.

Policy Implications
The results can be of interest in future studies on vulnerability and inform policies that intend to fulfil the intention of leaving no one behind, as stated in the Agenda 2030.
Prediction of Collapse Pressure of Submarine Pipelines in A Wide Range of Diameter-Thickness Ratio
Authors: Xu Wan-hai , Pang Tao , Yan Shu-ming , Zhai Li-bin , Kang You-wei , Zhang Shu-hai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubmarine pipelines play an important role in offshore oil and gas development. A touchy issue in pipeline design and application is how to avoid the local collapse of pipelines under external pressure. The pipe diameter-thickness ratio D/t is one of the key factors that determine the local critical collapse pressure of the submarine pipelines. Based on the pipeline collapse experiment and finite element simulation, this paper explores the pressure-bearing capacity of the pipeline under external pressure in a wide range of diameter-thickness ratio D/t. Some interesting and important phenomena have been observed and discussed. In the range of 16<D/t<80, both DNV specification and finite element simulation can predict the collapse pressure of pipeline quite well; in the range of 10<D/t<16, the DNV specification is conservative compared with the experimental results, while the finite element simulation results are slightly larger than the experimental results. Further parameter analysis shows that compared with thin-walled pipes, improving the material grade of thick-walled pipes has higher benefits, and for thin-walled pipes, the ovality f0 should be controlled even more. In addition, combining the results of finite element simulation and model experiment, an empirical formula of critical collapse pressure for thick-walled pipelines is proposed, which is used to correct the error of DNV specification in the range of 10<D/t<16.
Incorporating energy cover crops for biogas production into agricultural systems: benefits and environmental impacts. A review
Authors: Launay Camille , Houot Sabine , Frédéric Sylvain , Girault Romain , Levavasseur Florent , Marsac Sylvain , Constantin Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSome European countries are exploring the idea of replacing dedicated crops with energy cover crops for biogas production. Indeed, energy cover crops can generate consequential biomass without competing with food crops for land use. However, the potential benefits and impacts of this choice are not fully understood. Here, we review what is known about the consequences of energy cover crop usage by examining management regimes and digestate use, including impacts on the environment and cropping system performance. First, compared to cover crops, energy cover crops are intensively managed to produce more biomass (< 5 t DM/ha vs. up to 16 t DM/ha). Second, nitrogen is conserved during anaerobic digestion and is more readily available to crops in digestate than in cover crops residues. However, ammonia is lost via volatilization, which could reduce nitrogen use efficiency, depending on the storage conditions and application method. Third, 43–80% of the crops’ initial carbon is transformed into biogas. That said, levels of soil carbon storage may nonetheless resemble those obtained with cover crops left behind because carbon is stabilized during anaerobic digestion and the energy cover crops’ roots and stubble are left behind in the soil. Fourth, energy cover crops can act as multiservice cover crops, reducing nitrate leaching, improving soil microbial activity, and enhancing soil physical properties during the fallow period. Fifth, energy cover crop usage can have certain disservices, such as soil compaction, the need for additional inputs (e.g., irrigation, fertilization, pesticides), reduced groundwater recharge, and reduced following crop yield. In summary, expanding the usage of energy cover crops for biogas production does not seem to be an environmental threat. However, care must be taken to avoid the intensification of irrigation and lengthening growing periods to boost biomass, which could reduce food production.
Disaster Risk Resilience: Conceptual Evolution, Key Issues, and Opportunities
Authors: Graveline Marie-Hélène , Germain Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResilience has become a cornerstone for risk management and disaster reduction. However, it has evolved extensively both etymologically and conceptually in time and across scientific disciplines. The concept has been (re)shaped by the evolution of research and practice efforts. Considered the opposite of vulnerability for a long time, resilience was first defined as the ability to resist, bounce back, cope with, and recover quickly from the impacts of hazards. To avoid the possible return to conditions of vulnerability and exposure to hazards, the notions of post-disaster development, transformation, and adaptation (build back better) and anticipation, innovation, and proactivity (bounce forward) were then integrated. Today, resilience is characterized by a multitude of components and several classifications. We present a selection of 25 components used to define resilience, and an interesting linkage emerges between these components and the dimensions of risk management (prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery), offering a perspective to strengthen resilience through the development of capacities. Despite its potential, resilience is subject to challenges regarding its operationalization, effectiveness, measurement, credibility, equity, and even its nature. Nevertheless, it offers applicability and opportunities for local communities as well as an interdisciplinary look at global challenges.