bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors
Authors: Xi Yuxuan , Cesari Stella , Kroj Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The specific recognition of pathogen effectors by intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) is an important component of plant immunity. NLRs have a conserved modular architecture and can be subdivided according to their signaling domain that is mostly a coiled-coil (CC) or a Toll/Interleukin1 receptor (TIR) domain into CNLs and TNLs. Single NLR proteins are often sufficient for both effector recognition and immune activation. However, sometimes, they act in pairs, where two different NLRs are required for disease resistance. Functional studies have revealed that in these cases one NLR of the pair acts as a sensor (sNLR) and one as a helper (hNLR). The genes corresponding to such resistance protein pairs with one-to-one functional co-dependence are clustered, generally with a head-to-head orientation and shared promoter sequences. sNLRs in such functional NLR pairs have additional, non-canonical and highly diverse domains integrated in their conserved modular architecture, which are thought to act as decoys to trap effectors. Recent structure–function studies on the Arabidopsis thaliana TNL pair RRS1/RPS4 and on the rice CNL pairs RGA4/RGA5 and Pik-1/Pik-2 are unraveling how such protein pairs function together. Focusing on these model NLR pairs and other recent examples, this review highlights the distinctive features of NLR pairs and their various fascinating mode of action in pathogen effector perception. We also discuss how these findings on NLR pairs pave the way toward improved plant disease resistance.
Remote Monitoring of Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients Using Digits-in-Noise Self-Testing
Authors: van der Mescht Lize , le Roux Talita , Mahomed-Asmail Faheema , De Sousa Karina C. , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake and scope of telehealth. This study determined the accuracy and reliability of a smartphone digits-in-noise (DIN) test when conducted by adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients in a simulated home environment compared with a clinic setup. Perceptions of remote monitoring using speech-in-noise (SIN) testing were also explored.

Method:

Thirty-three adult CI recipients between 18 and 78 years of age (
M
= 46.7,
SD
= ±20.4) conducted the DIN test in a simulated home environment and a clinic setup. Test–retest reliability across the two environments and comparisons between test settings were evaluated. A survey explored the perceptions of adult CI recipients regarding remote monitoring and use of the DIN self-test.

Results:

Mean-aided speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in the clinic and simulated home environment test conditions and clinic and simulated home environment retest conditions did not differ significantly. Mean test–retest SRTs in the clinic and simulated home environment were significantly different (
p
< .05). High intraclass correlation coefficient and low standard error of measurement scores reflected good and excellent reliability between test–retest measures and between clinic and simulated home environment measures. Most participants were positive about the possibility of using the DIN test at home to self-assess speech perception, although some test adjustments such as including training items and a less adverse starting signal-to-noise ratio may be required.

Conclusion:
Adult CI recipients can use the smartphone DIN test to self-assess aided SIN performance in a home environment with accuracy and reliability relatively similar to clinic testing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20044418
Audiology, Medicine, and Pharmacy Interprofessional Preliminary Interviews and Discussions: Improving Hearing Health Care in Rural Alabama
Authors: Brothers Emma B. , Hay-McCutcheon Marcia J. , Hughes Peter J. , Friend M. Louanne 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:Access and affordability of hearing health care varies depending on residency and individual financial means. Those living in rural areas have limited health care resources and experience higher levels of poverty compared to those living in urban regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of interprofessional collaboration among physicians and audiologists and pharmacists and audiologists to improve access and affordability of hearing health care in rural communities.Method:Sixteen family physicians and medicine residents and 15 community pharmacists participated in the study. Physicians and residents completed an online survey to assess education regarding hearing health care and their understanding of hearing loss intervention. They also participated in small virtual focus group discussions. Pharmacists participated in virtual discussions based on guided questions.Results:The discussions with both physicians and pharmacists highlighted the need for more education, resources, and awareness of the negative impact of hearing loss on overall quality of life. Comments from these discussions were placed within the socio-ecological model of health behavior to increase understanding of hearing health behavior.Conclusions:Increased collaboration among medical professionals has the potential to improve access to hearing health care for those living in audiologically underserved regions of the country. Further research will identify how to increase effective and sustainable hearing health care resources in rural communities.
Emotional Regulation and Its Influence on the Experience of Stuttering Across the Life Span
Authors: Tichenor Seth E. , Walsh Bridget M. , Gerwin Katelyn L. , Yaruss J. Scott 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

This study evaluated the relationship between
emotional regulation
(ER) and adverse impact related to stuttering across the developmental spectrum, in preschool and school-age children, adolescents, and adults who stutter. An additional aim examined how these variables relate to the ways that individuals approach speaking (i.e., their agreement on whether their goal is to speak fluently).

Method:
Participants were the parents of 60 preschoolers and younger school-age children (ages 3–9 years), 95 school-age children and adolescents who stutter (ages 7–18 years), and 180 adults who stutter (ages 18–81 years). All participants completed surveys with age-appropriate measures examining ER and the adverse impact of stuttering. Older children and adults who stutter also answered questions regarding their goals when speaking. Multiple regression and ordinal logistic regression were used to examine relationships among ER, adverse impact related to stuttering, and goal when speaking.

Results:
In preschool children, adverse impact was significantly predicted by a parent-reported measure of ER skills; in school-age children and adults, adverse impact was significantly predicted by measures of the ER strategies cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression. Less frequent use of CR by adults was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of having “not stuttering” as a goal when speaking. Differences in the significance and magnitude of these relationships were found across the life span.

Discussion:
For both children and adults who stutter, ER is a significant factor related to the adverse impact of stuttering; the relationship between ER and adverse impact may change over development. Accounting for individual differences in ER can improve understanding of why a person copes with stuttering in the ways they do, and this has notable implications for individualizing intervention for both children and adults who stutter.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20044469
The Dimensionality of Language and Literacy in the School-Age Years
Authors: Nelson Nickola Wolf , Plante Elena , Anderson Michele , Applegate E. Brooks 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
This was an investigation of the dimensionality of oral and written language to test the hypothesis that a two-factor model with sound/word and sentence/discourse language levels would best fit language and literacy data for a population-based sample in the school-age years.

Method:

A stratified secondary data set of 1,500 participants was drawn randomly from a larger nationally representative U.S. data set (
N
= 1,853) gathered during standardization of the Test of Integrated Language and Literacy Skills. A sample of 254 students with prior diagnoses of language and literacy disorders (LLD) was drawn from the full data set. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the hypothesized two-factor model with other theoretically possible models.

Results:
The hypothesized two-factor language-levels model had an acceptable-to-good fit to the full data set, as did the three-factor model, with verbal memory added. High interfactor correlation between verbal memory and sentence/discourse constructs, as well as a preference for parsimony, led to the acceptance of the two-factor model as best. This language-levels model had a good fit to the data at ages 8–11 years, and an excellent fit at ages 12–18 years, but only a poor fit for ages 6–7 years (yet still better than other two-factor or unitary models). It had a reasonable fit for students with LLD, although the three-factor model fit their data slightly better.

Conclusions:
Oral and written language abilities during the school-age years are best explained by a two-factor model with sound/word and sentence/discourse language levels and memory as a contributing factor. Implications for identifying and treating language and literacy disorders as multidimensional rather than categorical are discussed.
Hyperspectral anomaly detection via memory‐augmented autoencoders
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Sun Bangyong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, the autoencoder (AE) based method plays a critical role in the hyperspectral anomaly detection domain. However, due to the strong generalised capacity of AE, the abnormal samples are usually reconstructed well along with the normal background samples. Thus, in order to separate anomalies from the background by calculating reconstruction errors, it can be greatly beneficial to reduce the AE capability for abnormal sample reconstruction while maintaining the background reconstruction performance. A memory‐augmented autoencoder for hyperspectral anomaly detection (MAENet) is proposed to address this challenging problem. Specifically, the proposed MAENet mainly consists of an encoder, a memory module, and a decoder. First, the encoder transforms the original hyperspectral data into the low‐dimensional latent representation. Then, the latent representation is utilised to retrieve the most relevant matrix items in the memory matrix, and the retrieved matrix items will be used to replace the latent representation from the encoder. Finally, the decoder is used to reconstruct the input hyperspectral data using the retrieved memory items. With this strategy, the background can still be reconstructed well while the abnormal samples cannot. Experiments conducted on five real hyperspectral anomaly data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Die Echotherapie als nichtinvasives Therapieverfahren von Schilddrüsenveränderungen
Authors: Czech Norbert , Hoppe Peter 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungFokussierter Ultraschall gewinnt durch die Echotherapiebehandlung auch im Einsatz bei Schilddrüsenveränderungen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblicke in den Einsatz der Echotherapie und den Ablauf einer Behandlung sowie die klinischen Erfahrungen und Zukunftsperspektiven. Studien bei der Therapie von gutartigen symptomatischen Schilddrüsenknoten konnten bereits signifikante Volumenreduktionen des krankhaften Gewebes und eine damit verbundene Verbesserung der Symptomatik zeigen. Zudem konnten eine gute Verträglichkeit und ein geringes Risiken- und Nebenwirkungsprofil demonstriert werden.
Digitale Anwendungen in der Planung und Umsetzung von
verhältnisorientierter Gesundheitsförderung und
Prävention in Settings: Ergebnisse eines Scoping Reviews
Authors: Stark Anna Lea , Geukes Cornelia , Albrecht Joanna , Dockweiler Christoph 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel In der Gesundheitsförderung und
Prävention werden vermehrt digitale Anwendungen – vor allem zur
Verhaltensänderung – angewandt und erforscht. Die vorliegende
Studie untersucht Einsatzmöglichkeiten digitaler Anwendungen im Rahmen
verhältnisorientierter Interventionen in Settings.
Methodik Es handelt sich um eine ergänzende Analyse der Ergebnisse
eines Scoping Reviews. In acht wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken wurde zu digitaler
verhältnisorientierter Primärprävention und
Gesundheitsförderung in Settings von 2010–2020 recherchiert.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 34 Artikel eingeschlossen. Digitale Anwendungen
wurden bisher nur marginal zur Strukturveränderung in Settings
eingesetzt. Sie dienen als Tools zum Projektmanagement, zur Vernetzung,
Problemidentifikation, Konsensfindung oder als Beteiligungsverfahren. Dabei wird
auf partizipative Methoden und Projekte sowie Instrumente wie Labeling,
Placement, Prompting, Incentives, Nudges und politische Strategien
zurückgegriffen.
Schlussfolgerung Es bedarf weiterer Evidenz wie digitale Anwendungen zur
Veränderung von Strukturen für gesundheitsfördernde
Settings eingesetzt werden können. Gesundheitswissenschaftliche oder
soziologische Methoden und Theorien können dabei eine tragende Rolle
spielen. Von hoher Relevanz sind die interdisziplinäre und partizipative
Entwicklung sowie Implementierung von gesundheitsfördernden
Technologien.
Nutzung von Krankenkassenroutinedaten zur Bestimmung von
Krankheitshäufigkeiten im Projekt BURDEN 2020
Authors: Schüssel Katrin , Breitkreuz Jan , Brückner Gabriela , Schröder Helmut 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Das Konzept der Krankheitslast erlaubt eine umfassende
Analyse des Gesundheitszustands einer Bevölkerung. Als Kennzahlen werden
verlorene Lebensjahre aufgrund von Mortalität (years of life lost, YLL)
und Morbidität (years lived with disability, YLD) berechnet und im
Summenindikator DALY (disability adjusted life years) zusammengefasst. Diese
Indikatoren liefern eine Planungsgrundlage für Bereiche wie
Prävention, Versorgung oder Bedarfsplanung. In dem vom Innovationsfonds
geförderten Projekt BURDEN 2020 wird erstmals für Deutschland
eine regionalisierte Krankheitslastberechnung in Anlehnung an die internationale
„Global Burden of Disease“-Studie durchgeführt.
Methodik Zur Berechnung der YLD werden Informationen zur
Häufigkeit von Krankheiten und deren Schweregradverteilungen
benötigt. Dabei sind Krankenkassenroutinedaten eine wichtige
Datengrundlage. In Expertentreffen wurden Falldefinitionen für 18
ausgewählte Krankheiten sowie Schweregrade bei 11 der Krankheiten
entwickelt. Auf dieser Basis wurden Krankheitshäufigkeiten vom WIdO
unter Nutzung der Routinedaten der AOK-Versicherten ermittelt. Ein spezifisches
Prävalenzkonzept berücksichtigt die Dynamik der offenen Kohorte
der Versicherten. Die Hochrechnung der Ergebnisse ausgehend von der AOK auf die
Gesamtbevölkerung erfolgte bei den Schweregraden bundesweit nach Alter
und Geschlecht und bei den Krankheitshäufigkeiten zusätzlich
morbiditätsadjustiert und regionalisiert.
Ergebnisse Systematisch wurden für 18 Erkrankungen aus sieben
Krankheitsgruppen (kardiovaskuläre Krankheiten, Diabetes, Krebs,
psychische Störungen, Demenz, COPD und untere Atemwegsinfekte) die
Krankheitshäufigkeiten (Prävalenzen oder Raten) bis auf Ebene
der Bundesländer und Raumordnungsregionen ermittelt.
Schweregradverteilungen liegen bundesweit nach Alter und Geschlecht vor. Die
Ergebnisse und Methodendokumentation sind verfügbar unter
www.krankheitslage-deutschland.de.
Schlussfolgerung Krankenkassenroutinedaten stellen eine wichtige
Datengrundlage im Projekt BURDEN 2020 dar, weil auf Basis der großen
Fallzahlen regionale Kennzahlen und teilweise Schweregrade ermittelt werden
können. Eine umfassende Publikation der Ergebnisse schafft Transparenz
und soll die Nachnutzung in Folgeprojekten ermöglichen. Perspektivisch
scheint es sinnvoll, die Krankheitslastberechnung auf weitere Krankheiten
auszuweiten. Zudem wird der Bedarf nach datenschutzkonformer Verknüpfung
von Krankenkassenroutinedaten mit weiteren Gesundheitsdatenbeständen
steigen.
Zivilisationsproblem Übersäuerung
Authors: Vormann Jürgen 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie beim Abbau von Proteinen im Körper entstehenden Säuren
können durch basische Nahrungsbestandteile sowie die Puffersubstanzen im
Blut ausgeglichen werden. Die gegenwärtig übliche
Ernährung geht mit einem Säureüberschuss einher, der
bes. in Verbindung mit der in zunehmendem Alter abnehmenden Nierenfunktion das
Krankheitsrisiko erhöht. Mögliche Folgen einer
Übersäuerung sind chronische Niereninsuffizienz, aus der Gicht
resultieren kann, sowie ein höheres Risiko für Osteoporose und
Diabetes Typ 2. Auch bei der Krebsentstehung wird die Bedeutung eines
Ungleichgewichts im Säure-Basen-Haushalt diskutiert. Eine
erhöhte Säurelast führt im Bindegewebe zu verringerter
Elastizität sowie erhöhter Verletzungsanfälligkeit und
löst Schmerzempfinden aus. Mit reichlich Gemüse, Salat und Obst
oder basischen Mineralstoffpräparaten kann die Säurebelastung
aus proteinreichen Lebensmitteln kompensiert und das Risiko für viele
gesundheitliche Probleme reduziert werden.
Osteoporose – die unterschätzte und untertherapierte
Volkskrankheit
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Kisters Klaus 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungOsteoporose ist eine Skeletterkrankung, die durch ein Missverhältnis in
der Aktivität der knochenauf- und -abbauenden Zellen, einer niedrigen
Knochenmasse mit Verschlechterung der Mikroarchitektur des Knochengewebes
gekennzeichnet ist. Sie manifestiert sich durch dünne Knochen mit einem
hohen Risiko für Knochenbrüche. Zur Prävention und
Therapie gehört neben einer kalziumreichen Ernährung und
regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität auch eine
adäquate Versorgung des Organismus mit einem komplexen Spektrum
knochenrelevanter Mikronährstoffe.
Carbon Chain Rupture: Base-Induced Radical C–C Bond Cleavage of Alkylbenzimidazoles
Authors: Huang Jianhui , Fu Xuegang , Guo Dongyang , Yan Yuting , Marselo Timotius , Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Zhenghan , Li Siying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA base-mediated aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzimidazoles for the preparation of carboxylic acids is described. A number of aliphatic carboxylic acids have been prepared in good to excellent yields via a C–C bond rupture process. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the reaction undergoes a radical pathway initiated by strong bases such as potassium amide. This type of transformation provides an alternative strategy for the access of important carboxylic acid moieties.
How Are Imaging Findings Associated with Exocrine Insufficiency in Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis?
Authors: Shetty Ranjan , Kumbhar Gauri , Thomas Ajith , Pearlin Benedicta , Chowdhury Sudipta Dhar , Chandramohan Anuradha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim The aim is to study the association between imaging findings in chronic pancreatitis and fecal elastase 1 (FE1) in patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP).
Methods In this retrospective study on a prospectively maintained database of patients with ICP, a radiologist blinded to clinical and laboratory findings reviewed CT and/or MRI. Findings were documented according to recommendations of the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer, October 2018. Low FE1 (<100 μg elastase/g) was considered diagnostic of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). Association between imaging findings and FE1 was studied.
Results In total, 70 patients (M: F = 37:33) with ICP with mean age of 24.2 (SD 6.5) years, range 10 to 37 years and mean disease duration of 5.6 (SD 4.6) years, range 0 to 20 years were included. Mean FE level was 82.5 (SD 120.1), range 5 to 501 μg elastase/g. Mean main pancreatic duct (MPD) caliber was 7 (SD 4) mm, range 3 to 21 mm and mean pancreatic parenchymal thickness (PPT) was 13.7 (SD 5.5) mm, range 5 to 27 mm. There was a significant association between FE1 and MPD size, PPT, type of pancreatic calcification; presence of intraductal stones, side branch dilatation on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and extent of pancreatic involvement (p <0.05). In total, 79%, 86%, and 78% with moderate to severe MPD dilatation, pancreatic atrophy, and side branch dilatation had low FE1, respectively. But nearly half of those with no or mild structural abnormality on imaging had low FE1.
Conclusion Significant association between FE1 and specific imaging findings demonstrates its potential as a marker of exocrine insufficiency and disease severity in chronic pancreatitis. But imaging and FE1 are complementary rather than supplementary.
Characterization of Spirituality in Parents of Very Preterm Infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shanks Vanessa , Guillen Ursula , Mackley Amy , Sturtz Wendy 
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to characterize the spiritual beliefs, practices, and needs of parents of very preterm infants, those born <32 weeks of gestation, in a level-III NICU and to characterize parental perception of the spiritual support received in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Study Design Within 14 days of their infants' birth, parents underwent a recorded semistructured interview. Responses were organized into unique themes using standard qualitative methods. Parents completed the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS) and Spiritual Needs Inventory (SNI).
Results Twenty-six parents from 17 families were interviewed and provided SIBS and SNI surveys. Interviews yielded seven major themes describing parents' spirituality and support. Most parents identified themselves as spiritual (n = 14) or sometimes spiritual (n = 2). A high SIBS score was associated with Christian religion (p = 0.007) and non-White race (p = 0.02). The SNI showed ≥80% of parents reported a “frequent” or “always” need for laughter, being with family, thinking happy thoughts, and talking about day-to-day things. The most commonly mentioned sources of spiritual support were parents' connection with a higher power through their faith (n = 12) or religious activities (n = 8). Many parents reported receiving sufficient spiritual support outside of the hospital during their unique experience in the NICU.
Conclusion Parents of infants born <32 weeks of gestation in our NICU commonly self-identified themselves as spiritual. Many parents have similar spiritual needs which are often met by sources outside of the hospital.
Key Points