bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed germination traits and dormancy classification of 27 species from a degraded karst mountain in central Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau: seed mass and moisture content correlate with germination capacity
Authors: Wang J. , Wang X.Y. , Pan W. , Li J.Y. , Xue L. , Li S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

In degraded karst ecosystem, vegetation restoration efforts almost exclusively rely on planted seedlings, but this is not effective to maintain community diversity and resilience. As seed functional traits, seed dormancy and germination are key to community assembly. Unfortunately, these elements are commonly overlooked in restoring degraded ecosystems.

This work classifies seed dormancy of 27 species with different life forms that are common on a degraded karst mountain. We examined the effects of temperature regime and light conditions on percentage germination and assessed the relationships between seed traits and germination index using a partial least squares regression (PLSR).

Approximately 48% of the investigated species had physiological dormancy, 37% were non‐dormant, 7% had morphophysiological dormancy, 4% had morphological dormancy and 4% had physical dormancy. We found that 94% (15 out of 16) species had maximum germination in warm temperature regimes (20/13 and 25/18 °C), while the remaining species required cool temperatures (10/4 °C). PLSR analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between seed mass and T50m (time to 50% final germination), and a negative correlation between seed moisture content and percentage germination.

Our findings indicate that seed traits are important factors in seed‐based restoration practice. F. esculentum, O. opipara, P. fortuneana and S. salicifolia are recommended for direct seeding during the early rainy season to restore seriously degraded lands in subtropical karst regions.
The myth of economic incentives around the debate on the design of optimal pension systems: A survival analysis for the Argentine case
Authors: Geri Milva , Villareal Fernanda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrom a panel of administrative data of contributors to the Argentine pension system, a survival analysis was carried out to compare the time in months until contributor status is lost for individuals who reach the minimum retirement age. The analysis involves two periods: one where the fully funded scheme was in force and the other with the pure pay‐as‐you‐go scheme in effect. It is observed that the survival curve of the contributor status during the second period is always above that in the first one, indicating that the probability of maintaining this status was always higher during the second period. Likewise, it was found that belonging to the cohort/group of the first period is significant in explaining the risk of losing contributor status, even controlling for other relevant variables. This result contrasts with the predictions of the World Bank about the best incentives that the fully funded scheme would generate for the supply of formal labor.Related ArticlesAngelaki, Marina, and Leandro N. Carrera. 2015. “Radical Pension Reforms after the Crisis: A Comparative Analysis of Argentina and Greece.”Politics & Policy43(3): 378–400.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12117.Hazakis, Konstantinos J. 2015. “The Political Economy of Economic Adjustment Programs in the Eurozone: A Detailed Policy Analysis.”Politics & Policy43(6): 822–54.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12141.Jakee, Keith, and Keith Stacy. 2021. “Revisiting Pension Reform in Sweden: The Role of Corporatism (and Why it Matters).”Politics & Policy49(3): 651–81.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12405.
Identification and characterization of pathogenicity of Lelliottia nimipressuralis causing soft rot of Codonopsis pilosula (dangshen) roots in China
Authors: Zhao Xia , Tian Yuan , Yue Liang , Liu Yang , Yan Yufei , Zhou Qin , Wang Yun , Zhang Yubao , Wang Ruoyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe roots of Codonopsis pilosula, a crucial ingredient in Chinese medicine, are prone to soft rot disease soon after transplanting seedlings in the second year. This almost always causes severe losses in yield at harvest, with severe economic consequences for farmers of this perennial vine. However, the pathogens involved remain understudied, although some gram‐negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family are well‐known pathogens of soft rot in many other plants. Here, the isolate B5‐2‐1‐30 was suspected of being a key pathogen of C. pilosula in China according to counts of bacteria from diseased, healthy and adjacent tissues of roots. Results of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, including microscopic observations, in addition to a multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the concatenated partial 16S rDNA, rpoB, atpD and gyrB genes, revealed that this isolate belongs to Lelliottia nimipressuralis. In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity tests showed that L. nimipressuralis B5‐2‐1‐30 could cause root soft rot in seedlings of C. pilosula, with symptoms similar to those observed in the field. Further experiments suggested the typical symptoms of softened rotting roots and wilting shoots arose from phloem necrosis and vessel plugging, as inferred by observed anatomical characteristics of roots, providing clues for elucidating the infection mechanism of phytopathogens in L. nimipressuralis.
Do employers avoid hiring workers from poor neighborhoods? Experimental evidence from the real labor market*
Authors: Carlsson Magnus , Eriksson Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether employers avoid hiring workers who live in neighborhoods with low socio‐economic status and/or with long commuting times. In a large‐scale field experiment in the Swedish labor market, we sent more than 4,000 fictitious résumés, with randomly assigned information about the applicants' residential locations, to firms with advertised vacancies. Our findings show that commuting time has a negative effect on the likelihood of being contacted by an employer, while the socio‐economic status of a neighborhood does not appear to be important. These results offer guidance for policymakers who are responsible for reversing segregation patterns.
A newly defined, long-lived Paleozoic intra-oceanic arc in the South Tianshan (NW China): Implications for multiple accretionary tectonics in the southern Altaids
Authors: Gao Limin , Xiao Wenjiao , Tan Zhou , Wang Xinshui , Guo Yuhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe South Tianshan Orogenic Belt marks the final assembly of the southern Altaids and the Karakum-Tarim Cratons. Integrated petrological, geochemical, and geochronological studies were carried out on the Akeyazi high-alumina basaltic lavas (HABs) and their host sandstones from the southern margin of the Central Tianshan Block. Given their relative high alumina contents (Al2O3 &gt; 16 wt%) and geochemical similarity to basalts from modern arcs (e.g., Aleutian, Kamchatka, Izu, and Honshu arc), the Akeyazi basaltic lavas are classified as HABs. The Akeyazi HABs are distinguished by strong enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and negative Nb-Ta anomalies. Furthermore, their mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB)-like Sr-Nd-Hf (87Sr/86Sr(i) ~0.705766, εNd(t) ~+2.5, εHf(t) ~+9.5), along with arc-like trace element patterns, indicate a petrogenesis derived from a mantle wedge metasomatized by pelagic, sediment-derived melts (2%–5% melts mixed, as confirmed by melt modeling). Zircon U-Pb ages of Akeyazi HABs and associated arc-related gabbros suggest that they were mainly erupted during ca. 415 Ma. Moreover, host sandstones of Akeyazi HABs exhibit a unimodal distribution with a peak at 480–410 Ma in the detrital zircon spectrum, which is notably distinct from those of the Central Tianshan Block, South Tianshan Accretionary Complex, and North Tarim Craton, each of which is multimodal. The maximum depositional age (MDA) of the meta-sandstones is 351.0 ± 4.3 Ma, with the weighted average of three oldest Paleozoic grains at 502 ± 26 Ma. Collectively, our data, for the first time, discloses an intra-oceanic arc setting from ca. 502–351 Ma during the northward subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean, which further reveals the history of multiple episodes of accretion in the southern Altaids.
Mesoproterozoic oxygenation event: From shallow marine to atmosphere
Authors: Xie Baozeng , Zhu Jian-ming , Wang Xiangli , Xu Dongtao , Zhou Limin , Zhou Xiqiang , Shi Xiaoying , Tang Dongjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxygen availability is crucial for the evolution of eukaryotes in geological history, but the redox conditions of the mid-Proterozoic atmospheric-oceanic system remain vigorously debated. Previous geochemical studies suggested a very low mid-Proterozoic atmospheric oxygen level of probably below 0.1%–1% of the present atmospheric level (PAL) with weakly oxygenated surface ocean, which may have suppressed the early evolution of eukaryotes in the ocean. A recent study, however, revealed a pulsed oxygenation event that was recorded in shallow marine carbonate of the middle Gaoyuzhuang Formation (at ca. 1.57 Ga, North China) with atmospheric pO2 of up to ≥4% PAL based on iodine speciation. This event is associated with the earliest known multi-cellular eukaryotic fossils. To elucidate whether this pulsed oxygenation was limited to shallow local seawaters or could also reflect an increase in atmospheric oxygen, chromium (Cr), and carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS), sulfur isotopes in the middle Gaoyuzhuang Formation were studied in two sections of the North China Platform. The results show a positive shift in authigenic Cr isotope from −0.18‰ to +0.66‰, which was followed by a decline to −0.16‰. This suggests a rise in atmospheric oxygen sufficient to initiate oxic Cr cycling and isotope fractionation (pO2 &gt; 0.1%–1% PAL). This positive Cr isotope excursion was associated with a transient positive shift in δ34SCAS from ~20‰ to ~50‰ and a subsequent decline to ~10‰, which provides independent evidence of atmospheric oxygenation. This oxygenation may have enhanced oxidative terrestrial weathering and increased sulfate input to the ocean, thus stimulating bacterial sulfate reduction and pyrite burial in deep anoxic seawaters. This is broadly consistent with previous results of carbonate I/(Ca + Mg) and Ce anomaly but also reveals a lag between shallow seawater and atmospheric oxygenation. Fluctuated redox conditions and decoupled oxygenation between shallow seawater and atmosphere during the mid-Proterozoic may help to account for the current debate.
Correct Solvability of Integrodifferential Equations in Spaces of Vector Functions Holomorphic in an Angular Domain
Authors: Vlasov V. V. , Rautian N. A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Integrodifferential equations with unbounded operator coefficients in a Hilbert space are studied. The main part of an equation of this kind is an abstract parabolic equation perturbed by a Volterra integral operator. The fundamental difference between this work and the other ones is that integrodifferential equations are considered and studied in this paper for vector functions the arguments of which take values in an angular domain on the complex plane.
Behavior of Binomial Distribution near Its Median
Authors: Volkov N. A. , Dmitriev D. I. , Zhukovskii M. E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the behavior of the cumulative distribution function of a binomial random variable with parameters n and $$b{\text{/}}(n + c)$$ at the point b – 1 for positive integers $$b \leqslant n$$ and real $$c \in [0,\;1]$$. Our results can be applied directly to the well-known problem about small deviations of sums of independents random variables from their expectations. Moreover, we answer the question about the monotonicity of the Ramanujan function for the binomial distribution posed by Jogdeo and Samuels in 1968.
Spatial meta-transcriptomics reveal associations of intratumor bacteria burden with lung cancer cells showing a distinct oncogenic signature
Authors: Wong-Rolle Abigail , Dong Qiang , Zhu Yunhua , Divakar Prajan , Hor Jyh Liang , Kedei Noemi , Wong Madeline , Tillo Desiree , Conner Elizabeth A , Rajan Arun , Schrump David S , Jin Chengcheng , Germain Ronald N , Zhao Chen 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe lung intratumor microbiome influences lung cancer tumorigenesis and treatment responses, but detailed data on the extent, location, and effects of microbes within lung tumors are missing, information needed for improved prognosis and treatment.MethodsTo address this gap, we developed a novel spatial meta-transcriptomic method simultaneously detecting the expression level of 1,811 host genes and 3 microbe targets (bacteria, fungi, and cytomegalovirus). After rigorous validation, we analyzed the spatial meta-transcriptomic profiles of tumor cells, T cells, macrophages, other immune cells, and stroma in surgically resected tumor samples from 12 patients with early-stage lung cancer.ResultsBacterial burden was significantly higher in tumor cells compared with T cells, macrophages, other immune cells, and stroma. This burden increased from tumor-adjacent normal lung and tertiary lymphoid structures to tumor cells to the airways, suggesting that lung intratumor bacteria derive from the latter route of entry. Expression of oncogenic β-catenin was strongly correlated with bacterial burden, as were tumor histological subtypes and environmental factors.ConclusionsIntratumor bacteria were enriched with tumor cells and associated with multiple oncogenic pathways, supporting a rationale for reducing the local intratumor microbiome in lung cancer for patient benefit.Trial registration numberNCT00242723,NCT02146170.
Baseline and post-treatment biomarkers of resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in acral and mucosal melanoma: an observational study
Authors: Shui Irene M. , Liu Xiao Qiao , Zhao Qing , Kim Seung Tae , Sun Yuan , Yearley Jennifer H. , Choudhury Tasmiah , Webber Andrea L. , Krepler Clemens , Cristescu Razvan , Lee Jeeyun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundImmunotherapies targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands have improved clinical outcomes for advanced melanoma. However, many tumors exhibit primary resistance or acquire secondary resistance after an initial positive response. The mechanisms of resistance are not well understood, and no validated predictive biomarkers are available. This exploratory study aimed to characterize baseline differences and molecular changes arising during treatment in acral and mucosal melanomas that exhibited primary or secondary resistance to anti-PD-1 monotherapy.MethodsThis was an observational retrospective study of 124 patients who had been treated for metastatic acral or mucosal melanoma with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Tumor samples were collected at baseline (all patients) and post-treatment (resistant tumors only) and were assayed by immunohistochemistry, whole-exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing.ResultsAt baseline, more non-progressor than resistant tumors exhibited expression of PD-L1, immune cell infiltration, and high tumor mutational burden (TMB); baseline PD-L1 expression was also more common in secondary-resistant than in primary-resistant tumors as well as in late versus early secondary-resistant tumors. Non-progressor tumors also had higher median baseline expression of an 18-gene T cell-inflamed gene expression profile (TcellinfGEP). Among resistant tumors, the proportion of PD-L1-positive melanomas and the expression of the TcellinfGEP mRNA signature increased during treatment, while the expression of mRNA signatures related to WNT and INFA1 signaling decreased. There was evidence for greater changes from baseline in secondary-resistant versus primary-resistant tumors for some markers, including expression of RAS-related and WNT-related mRNA signatures and density of CD11c+and FOXP3+T cells. Greater changes in CD11c+cell density were observed in early compared with late secondary-resistant tumors.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that TcellinfGEP and PD-L1 expression, TMB, immune cell infiltration, and RAS and WNT signaling warrant further investigation as potential mechanisms and/or biomarkers of anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in acral and mucosal melanomas. Confirmation of these findings in larger populations is needed.
Quantitative tissue analysis and role of myeloid cells in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Henick Brian S , Villarroel-Espindola Franz , Datar Ila , Sanmamed Miguel F , Yu Jovian , Desai Shruti , Li Alice , Aguirre-Ducler Adam , Syrigos Konstantinos , Rimm David L , Chen Lieping , Herbst Roy S , Schalper Kurt A 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDespite the prominent role of innate immunity in the antitumor response, little is known about the myeloid composition of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with respect to histology and molecular subtype. We used multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) to measure the distribution and clinical significance of major myeloid cell subsets in large retrospective NSCLC collections.MethodsWe established a QIF panel to map major myeloid cell subsets in fixed human NSCLC including 4’,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole for all cells, pancytokeratin for tumor-epithelial cells, CD68 for M1-like macrophages; and CD11b plus HLA-DR to interrogate mature and immature myeloid cell populations such as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We interrogated 793 NSCLCs represented in four tissue microarray-based cohorts: #1 (Yale, n=379) and #2 (Greece, n=230) with diverse NSCLC subtypes; #3 (Yale, n=138) with molecularly annotated lung adenocarcinomas (ADC); and #4 (Yale, n=46) with patient-matched NSCLC and morphologically-normal lung tissue. We examined associations between marker levels, myeloid cell profiles, clinicopathologic/molecular variables and survival.ResultsThe levels of CD68+ M1 like macrophages were significantly lower and the fraction of CD11b+/HLA-DR− MDSC-like cells was prominently higher in tumor than in matched non-tumor lung tissues. HLA-DR was consistently higher in myeloid cells from tumors with elevated CD68 expression. Stromal CD11b was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) than in ADC across the cohorts and EGFR-mutated lung ADCs displayed lower CD11b levels than KRAS-mutant tumors. Increased stromal CD68- and HLA-DR-expressing cells was associated with better survival in ADCs from two independent NSCLC cohorts. In SCC, increased stromal CD11b or HLA-DR expression was associated with a trend towards shorter 5-year survival.ConclusionsNSCLCs display an unfavorable myeloid immune contexture relative to non-tumor lung and exhibit distinct myeloid-cell profiles across histologies and presence of major oncogenic driver-mutations. Elevated M1-like stromal proinflammatory myeloid cells are prognostic in lung ADC, but not in SCC.
Workforce attachment after a congenital long QT syndrome diagnosis: a Danish nationwide study
Authors: Jespersen Camilla H B , Butt Jawad Haider , Krøll Johanna , Winkel Bo Gregers , Kanters Jørgen K , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Bundgaard Henning , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf , Køber Lars , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Weeke Peter E 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo examine workforce attachment among patients with congenital long QT syndrome (cLQTS) following diagnosis and identify factors associated with workforce attachment.Methods and resultsIn this nationwide cohort study, all patients diagnosed with cLQTS in Denmark between 1996 and 2016 aged 18–60 years at diagnosis were identified using nationwide registries. Patients attached to the workforce at diagnosis were included. Attachment to the workforce 1 year after cLQTS diagnosis was examined and compared with a background population matched 1:4 on age, sex and employment status. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with 1-year workforce detachment among patients with cLQTS. 298 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Six months after cLQTS diagnosis, 90.9% of patients with cLQTS were attached to the workforce compared with 95.0% in the background population (p=0.006 for difference). One year after diagnosis, 93.3% of patients with cLQTS were attached to the workforce compared with 93.8% in the background population (p=0.26). Among patients with cLQTS, a severe cLQTS disease manifestation was associated with workforce detachment 1 year after diagnosis (compared with asymptomatic patients; aborted cardiac arrest OR 20.4 (95% CI, 1.7 to 249.9); ventricular tachycardia/syncope OR 10.9 (95% CI, 1.1 to 110.5)). No other associated factors were identified.ConclusionsMore than 90% of patients with cLQTS remained attached to the workforce 1 year after diagnosis, which was similar to a matched background population. Patients with a severe cLQTS disease manifestation were less likely to be attached to the workforce 1 year after diagnosis.
Is the Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) score a meaningful instrument for other inflammatory rheumatic diseases? A cross-sectional analysis of data from the German National Database
Authors: Thiele Katja , Albrecht Katinka , Zink Angela , Aringer Martin , Karberg Kirsten , Späthling-Mestekemper Susanna , von Hinüber Ulrich , Callhoff Johanna 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo analyse the performance of the rheumatoid arthritis impact of disease (RAID) score in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, idiopathic inflammatory myositis and systemic sclerosis, as compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA total of 12 398 patients from the German National Database were included. For each diagnosis, we calculated age-adjusted/sex-adjusted partial correlation coefficients between RAID and patient global (PtGl) health, PtGl disease activity, physician global (PhGl) disease activity, Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). As a measure of agreement, the mean differences between the RAID and other outcomes were compared with the respective differences for RA. The effect of each diagnosis on the difference between RAID and the other scores was assessed with linear regression, with RA as the reference.ResultsAcross all diagnoses, RAID correlated strongly with PtGl health (0.71–0.83), moderately to strongly with PtGl disease activity (0.59–0.79), WHO-5 (0.65–0.81) and EQ-5D (0.68–0.73) and weakly with PhGl disease activity (0.23–0.38). Mean differences were calculated for RAID and PtGl disease activity (0 to −0.6), PtGl health (−0.4 to −0.9), WHO-5 (−0.7 to −1.3), EQ-5D (1.1 to 1.7) and PhGl disease activity (1.4 to 2.2). Discrepancies between other scores and RAID were comparable to RA. Linear regression revealed no clinically relevant effect of any of the diagnoses on the difference between RAID and the other outcomes.ConclusionThe RAID score performs comparably across all diagnoses investigated. This supports the use of RAID for measuring the impact also of other rheumatic diseases.