bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chlamydomonas transcription factor MYB1 mediates lipid accumulation under nitrogen depletion
Authors: Choi Bae Young , Shim Donghwan , Kong Fantao , Auroy Pascaline , Lee Yuree , Li‐Beisson Yonghua , Lee Youngsook , Yamaoka Yasuyo 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Microalgae accumulate high levels of oil under stress, but the underlying biosynthetic pathways are not fully understood. We sought to identify key regulators of lipid metabolism under stress conditions.

We found that the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gene encoding the MYB‐type transcription factor MYB1 is highly induced under stress conditions. Two myb1 mutants accumulated less total fatty acids and storage lipids than their parental strain upon nitrogen (N) depletion.

Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid metabolism are highly enriched in the wild‐type but not in the myb1‐1 mutant after 4 h of N depletion. Among these genes were several involved in the transport of fatty acids from the chloroplast to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): acyl‐ACP thioesterase (FAT1), Fatty Acid EXporters (FAX1, FAX2), and long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase1 (LACS1). Furthermore, overexpression of FAT1 in the chloroplast increased lipid production. These results suggest that, upon N depletion, MYB1 promotes lipid accumulation by facilitating fatty acid transport from the chloroplast to the ER.

This study identifies MYB1 as an important positive regulator of lipid accumulation in C. reinhardtii upon N depletion, adding another player to the established regulators of this process, including NITROGEN RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (NRR1) and TRIACYLGLYCEROL ACCUMULATION REGULATOR 1 (TAR1).
Systematic review of the effect of policies to restrict the marketing of foods and non‐alcoholic beverages to which children are exposed
Authors: Boyland Emma , McGale Lauren , Maden Michelle , Hounsome Juliet , Boland Angela , Jones Andrew 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis systematic review examined the effectiveness of policies restricting the marketing of foods and/or non‐alcoholic beverages to children to inform updated World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Databases were searched to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were primary studies of any design assessing implemented policies to restrict food marketing to children (0–19 years). Critical outcomes were exposure to and power of marketing, dietary intake, choice, preference, and purchasing. Important outcomes were purchase requests, dental caries, body weight, diet‐related noncommunicable diseases, product change, and unintended consequences. Forty‐four observational studies met inclusion criteria; most were moderate quality. Pooling was conducted using vote counting by direction of effect, and GRADE was used to judge evidence certainty. Evidence suggests food marketing policies may result in reduced purchases of unhealthy foods and in unintended consequences favorable for public health. Desirable or potentially desirable (for public health) effects of policies on food marketing exposure and power were also found. Evidence on diet and product change was very limited. The certainty of evidence was very low for four outcomes (exposure, power, dietary intake, and product change) and low for two (purchasing and unintended consequences). Policies can effectively limit food marketing to children; policymakers should prioritize mandatory approaches aligned with WHO recommendations.
Optimized radiofrequency lesions through local impedance guidance for effective CTI ablation in right atrial flutter
Authors: Ducceschi Valentino , Zingarini Gianluca , Nigro Gerardo , Brasca Francesco Maria Angelo , Malacrida Maurizio , Carbone Angelo , Lavalle Carlo , Maglia Giampiero , Infusino Tommaso , Aloia Antonio , Nicolis Daniele , Auricchio Claudia , Uccello Ambra , Notaristefano Francesco , Rago Anna , Botto Giovanni Luca , Esposito Luca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of cavo‐tricuspid isthmus (CTI) is an established treatment for typical right atrial flutter (RAFL), it remains to be established whether local tissue impedance (LI) is able to predict effective CTI ablation and what LI drop values during ablation should be used to judge a lesion as effective. We aimed to investigate the ability of LI to predict ablation efficacy in patients with RAFL.MethodsRF delivery was guided by the DirectSense™ algorithm. Successful single RF application was defined according to a defragmentation of atrial potentials (DAP), reduction of voltage (RedV) by at least 80% or changes on unipolar electrogram (UPC). The ablation endpoint was the creation of bidirectional conduction block (BDB) across the isthmus.Results392 point‐by‐point RF applications were analyzed in 48 consecutive RAFL patients. The mean baseline LI was 105.4 ± 12Ω prior to ablation and 92.0 ± 11Ω after ablation (p < 0.0001). According to validation criteria, absolute drops in impedance were larger at successful ablation sites than at ineffective ablation sites (DAP: 17.8 ± 6Ω vs. 8.7 ± 4Ω; RedV: 17.2 ± 6Ω vs. 7.8 ± 5Ω; UPC: 19.6 ± 6Ω vs. 10.1 ± 5Ω, all p < 0.0001). LI drop values significantly increased according to the number of criteria satisfied (ranging from 7.5Ω to 19.9). BDB was obtained in all cases. No procedure‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionsA LI‐guided approach to CTI ablation was safe and effective in treating RAFL. The magnitude of LI drop was associated with effective lesion formation and BDB and could be used as a marker of ablation efficacy.Clinical trial registrationCatheter Ablation of Arrhythmias with a High‐Density Mapping System in Real‐World Practice (CHARISMA). URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ Identifier: NCT03793998.
Large and Persistent Life Expectancy Disparities between India's Social Groups
Authors: Gupta Aashish , Sudharsanan Nikkil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndia is one of the most rigidly stratified societies in the world, yet little is known about life expectancy disparities in the country. We provide direct estimates of social differences in life expectancy in India using survey data spanning two decades. We show that individuals from the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have drastically and persistently lower life expectancies than high‐caste individuals (between 4.2–4.4 years for women and 6.1–7.0 years for men in 2013–2016). While Muslims had a modest life expectancy disadvantage compared to high castes in 1997–2000, this disadvantage has grown substantially over the past 20 years. Mortality disparities between marginalized and privileged social groups are present across the entire life‐course and are increasingly driven by older‐age mortality. Our findings reveal a pressing need for far greater attention to the health of marginalized populations in India.
Turned Away and at Risk: Denial of Family Planning Services to Women in Malawi
Authors: Peterson Jill M. , Bendabenda Jaden , Mboma Alexander , Chen Mario , Stanback John , Gunnlaugsson Geir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFamily planning (FP) has been a development priority since the mid‐1990s, yet barriers to access persist globally, including women being turned away from facilities without a method. This study aimed to assess the extent of, and reasons for, FP turnaway in three districts of Malawi. In 2019, data collectors screened women exiting 30 health facilities and surveyed those who had been denied a method. Follow‐up surveys were conducted via telephone with turned away clients at six and 12 weeks postvisit. Of the 2,246 women who were screened, 562 were new or restarting users. Of these, 15% (83/562) reported having been turned away from the health facility without an FP method. Women cited 14 different reasons for turnaway; the top three were unavailability of method (34%), unavailability of a provider (17%), or a requirement to return on the scheduled FP day (15%). The multiple reasons cited for leaving the health facility without an FP method indicate that reducing turnaway will not be achieved easily. The top reasons for turnaway are related to health systems or management issues within health facilities. Facilities need additional support for staffing, training on long‐acting and permanent methods, and a consistent supply of methods.
Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of masitinib and expression of its specific targets c‐Kit, PDGFR‐α, PDGFR‐β, and Lyn in canine prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Klose Katharina , Packeiser Eva‐Maria , Granados‐Soler José‐Luis , Hewicker‐Trautwein Marion , Murua Escobar Hugo , Nolte Ingo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCanine prostate cancer is classified into adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma with prostatic involvement, and mixed forms. Early metastatic spread leads to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Masitinib is approved for the treatment of canine mast cell tumours and inhibits tyrosine kinase c‐Kit, tyrosine‐protein kinase Lyn (Lyn), and platelet‐derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (PDGFR‐α, PDGFR‐β), which are known to be expressed in canine prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate masitinib in an in vitro model consisting of cell lines from primary prostate adenocarcinoma, the associated lymph node metastasis of the same patient, and transitional cell carcinoma. To assess the suitability of the model system, the targets of masitinib were investigated by immunocytochemistry in the cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in the respective formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) original neoplastic tissue. After exposure to masitinib, cell viability, cell count, apoptosis induction, and protein expression of c‐Kit, Lyn, PDGFR‐α, and PDGFR‐β were assessed. To hedge the efficacy, two application protocols of masitinib (single application or 12‐h double‐dose regimen) were compared. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased Lyn, PDGFR‐α, and PDGFR‐β expression in cell lines and FFPE original neoplastic tissue compared to healthy prostate tissue. Masitinib exposure increased apoptosis, while the cell counts and cell viability decreased in a dose‐ and application interval‐dependent manner, with increased impact in the 12‐h double‐dose regimen. These in vitro effects of masitinib in canine prostate cancer and associated metastasis support further in vivo research and modifications of the clinical treatment protocol in future studies.
Correlation of vascular change with TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPA1 in a rat model of inferior gluteal artery perforator flap
Authors: Li Xiucun , Li Xiaolu , Chen Yuan , Wang Yifan , Li Xiaohan , Hao Aijun , Hu Yong , Li Xian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaximum survival area after perforator flap elevation is mainly achieved through vasodilation and angiogenesis, and endothelial Ca2+ signals play a pivotal role in both of them. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels modulate many endothelial cell functions via mediating the extracellular Ca2+ entry. This study aims to investigate the correlation of TRPV4, TRPV1, and TRPA1 with vascular change after the inferior gluteal artery perforator flap elevation. A total of 50 adult male SD rats were used in this study. Ten rats were used in the part one to assess the flap viability on postoperative day 7. Twenty rats were used in the part two to evaluate blood flow change after flap elevation. The correlation of vascular change with TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPA1 protein changes was investigated in 20 rats in the part three. The mean flap survival area percentage was 55 ± 5.7%. Blood flow in the overall flap and Zone II after the flap elevation markedly increased from the postoperative day 3. The most marked change of the vasodilation occurred on Days 3 and 5 after flap elevation. The angiogenesis occurred on Day 5 after flap elevation and the microvessel density peaked also on Day 5. Moreover, TRPA1 expression showed a trend towards continuous reduction over time. The expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4 reached the peak value on Day 3. The endothelial NO synthase expression showed an increasing trend at first, followed by a reduction over time, while VEGF expression reached the peak value on Day 3. The vascular changes after flap elevation might be associated with the changes in TRPV4, TRPV1, and TRPA1.
Inverse Optimal Control of a Class of Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems With Applications to Ship Slew Rate Control
Authors: Wang Chuanrui , Zhang Lei , Cao Feng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the inverse optimal leader-following consensus problem of a class of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems in strict-feedback form under directed communication topology. By employing the backstepping methodology and introducing an integral type Lyapunov function, a nonlinear distributed control law is constructed using the relative information between neighboring agents. The proposed control law solves the inverse optimal leader-following consensus problem under directed communication graph that contains a spanning tree with the root node being the leader agent. A practical example of ship slew rate control system is given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Strain in Electronic Packages Using Multiframe Super-Resolution Infrared Thermography and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Lyons Sara K. , Chandramohan Aditya , Weibel Justin A. , Garimella Suresh V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For micro-electronic components and systems, reliability under thermomechanical stress is of critical importance. Experimental characterization of hotspots and temperature gradients, which can lead to deformation in the component, relies on accurate mapping of the surface temperature. One method of noninvasively acquiring this data is through infrared (IR) thermography. However, IR thermography is often limited by the typically low resolution of such cameras. Additionally, the unique surface finish preparations required to infer physical deformation using digital image correlation (DIC) generally interfere with the ability to measure the temperature with IR thermography, which prefers a uniform high emissivity. This work introduces a one-shot technique for the simultaneous measurement of surface temperature and deformation using multiframe super-resolution-enhanced IR imaging combined with DIC analysis. Multiframe super-resolution processing uses several subpixel shifted images, interpolating the image set to extract additional information and create a single higher-resolution image. Measurement of physical deformation is incorporated using a test sample with a black background and low-emissivity speckle features, heated in a manner that induces a nonuniform temperature field and stretched to induce physical deformation. Through processing and filtering, data from the black surface regions used for surface temperature mapping are separated from the speckle features used to track deformation with DIC. This method allows DIC to be performed on the IR images, yielding a deformation field consistent with the applied tensioning. While both the low- and super-resolution data sets can be successfully processed with DIC, super-resolution helps to reduce noise in the extracted deformation fields. As for temperature measurement, using super-resolution is shown to allow for better removal of the speckle features and reduce noise, as quantified by a lower mean deviation from the spatial moving average.
Analysis and Performance Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle Coupled Organic Rankine Cycle Based on Solar Tower
Authors: Yu Tingfang , Song Yuxi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) Brayton cycle has been proved to be an efficient power cycle to replace the traditional steam Rankine cycle. The thermal efficiency of SCO2 cycle can be further improved by coupling another type of cycle (the bottom cycle) at the waste heat end. A supercritical carbon dioxide recompression Brayton cycle (SCRBC) coupled organic Rankine cycle (ORC) based on solar tower is designed and established. According to the requirements of the waste heat temperature range of the top cycle, R600 is selected as the working medium of ORC. Under the design conditions, the effects of split ratio on the net power, the thermal efficiency, and the exergy loss of the combined cycle are studied. The variation of thermal efficiency of each part of the system with split ratio under different turbine inlet pressures and temperatures is further analyzed, and the influence of turbine inlet pressure and working fluid mass flow ratio ε (mass flow ratio of CO2 to R600) on the system performance is analyzed. Genetic algorithm-based multiobjective optimization is used to obtain the Pareto solution set for the thermal performance and unit investment cost of the system. The results show that the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle can be increased by more than 2% compared with that of a single top cycle. There is an optimal split ratio to maximize the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle, and the positions of the optimal split ratio are different for different turbine inlet pressures. Finally, through the multiobjective optimization method, several groups of Pareto solutions can be found, which can provide some reference for engineering design.
Rheumatoid interstitial lung disease in Canterbury New Zealand: prevalence, risk factors and long-term outcomes—protocol for a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Farquhar Hamish , Beckert Lutz , Edwards Adrienne , Matteson Eric L. , Thiessen Rennae , Ganly Edward , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects approximately 0.5%–1% of the general population. Clinically significant interstitial lung diseases (ILD) develops in just under 10% of people with RA, and subclinical disease is more common. Little is known about RA-ILD in New Zealand (NZ), or the number of persons with RA in Canterbury, NZ. This study aims to determine: (1) incidence and prevalence of RA, (2) incidence and prevalence of RA-ILD, (3) clinical characteristics and risk factors for the development of RA-ILD, (4) long-term outcomes of RA-ILD, in the population resident within the Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) catchment area.Methods and analysisPersons aged 18 years of age and older, and resident in the region covered by the CDHB with RA as well as RA-ILD will be identified by retrospective review of medical records. Prevalent as well as incident cases of RA between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2008 and between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2013 will be identified, and followed until 30 June 2019. Existing as well as incident cases of RA-ILD during this time will be identified. The association between the development of ILD and clinical characteristics and environmental exposures will be examined using Cox-proportional hazard models. Kaplan-Meier methods will be used to estimate survival rates for patients with RA-ILD. Mortality for people with RA and RA-ILD will also be compared with the general population of the CDHB.Ethics and disseminationData will be obtained by retrospective review of medical records. Deidentified patient data will be stored in a secure online database. Data on individual patients will not be released, and all results will only be published in aggregate. Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Otago Human Research Ethics Committee (REF HD18/079). Results will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12619001310156; Pre-results.
Improving epilepsy control among children with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh: a prospective cohort-based study
Authors: Karim Tasneem , Das Manik Chandra , Muhit Mohammad , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam , Mohammad Shekeeb S 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo define the prevalence and seizure subtypes among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Bangladesh and explore barriers to optimum epilepsy control.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in Shahjadpur, a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh.ParticipantsChildren (<18 years) with CP and epilepsy identified using the Bangladesh CP Register (BCPR) in the study site.MethodsAssessments were conducted in three focused epilepsy clinics overseen by a paediatric neurologist between December 2016 and January 2018, with intervening phone and video-conference follow-ups. Details of event type, frequency and medication compliance were collected. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were prescribed based on seizure type, family income, comorbidity and medication availability.Results23.4% (170/726) of the BCPR cohort had a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy of whom 166 were assessed. Following the focused epilepsy clinics, 62.0% (103/166) children were clinically determined to have ongoing epileptic seizures. 62.1% (64/103) had generalised onset tonic clonic seizures, 27.2% (28/103) had focal onset seizures with impaired awareness and 10.7% (11/103) had other seizure types. None of the children with prolonged seizures (31/103) had an emergency seizure management plan. Non-epileptic events were being pharmacologically treated as seizures in 18.1% (30/166) children. Financial constraints were the main reason for non-compliance on follow-up.ConclusionsGaps in optimum epilepsy management in rural Bangladesh are amenable to improvement anchored with local healthcare workers. Training and clinical care focused on recognition of common seizure types, seizure mimics and rationalising use of available AEDs can be facilitated by better referral pathways and telehealth support.
Modeling the potential impacts of improved monthly income on child stunting in India: a subnational geospatial perspective
Authors: Kishore Satvik , Thomas Tinku , Sachdev Harshpal , Kurpad Anura V , Webb Patrick 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesApproximately one-third of the world’s stunted (low height-for-age) preschool-aged children live in India. The success of interventions designed to tackle stunting appears to vary by location and depth of poverty. We developed small-area estimation models to assess the potential impact of increments in household income on stunting across the country.DesignTwo nationally representative cross-sectional datasets were used: India’s National Family Health Survey 4 (2015–2016) and the 68th round of the National Sample Survey on consumer expenditure. The two datasets were combined with statistical matching. Gaussian process regressions were used to perform geospatial modelling of ‘stunting’ controlling for household wealth and other covariates.Setting and participantsThe number of children in this sample totalled 259 627. Children with implausible height-for-age z-scores (HAZs) >5 or <−5, or missing data on drinking water, sanitation facility, mother’s education, or geolocation and children not residing in mainland India were excluded, resulting in 207 695 observations for analysis.ResultsA monthly transfer of ~$7 (500 Indian rupees) per capita to every household (not targeted or conditional) was estimated to reduce stunting nationally by 3.8 percentage points on average (95% credible interval: 0.14%–10%), but with substantial variation by state. Estimated reduction in stunting varied by wealth of households, with the poorest quintile being likely to benefit the most.ConclusionImproving household income, which can be supported through cash transfers, has the potential to significantly reduce stunting in parts of India where the burdens of both stunting and poverty are high. Modelling shows that for other regions, income transfers may raise incomes and contribute to improved nutrition, but there would be a need for complementary activities for alleviating stunting. While having value for the country as a whole, impact of income gained could be variable, and underlying drivers of stunting need to be tackled through supplementary interventions.