bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the economic costs of Indigenous health inequities in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Reid Papaarangi , Paine Sarah-Jane , Te Ao Braden , Willing Esther J , Wyeth Emma , Vaithianathan Rhema , Loring Belinda 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesDespite significant international interest in the economic impacts of health inequities, few studies have quantified the costs associated with unfair and preventable ethnic/racial health inequities. This Indigenous-led study is the first to investigate health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults in New Zealand (NZ) and estimate the economic costs associated with these differences.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis. Quantitative epidemiological methods and ‘cost-of-illness’ (COI) methodology were employed, within a Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework.SettingData for 2003–2014 were obtained from national data collections held by NZ government agencies, including hospitalisations, mortality, outpatient and primary care consultations, laboratory and pharmaceutical usage and accident claims.ParticipantsAll adults in NZ aged 15 years and above who had engagement with the health system between 2003 and 2014 (deidentified).Primary and secondary outcome measuresRates of ‘potentially avoidable’ hospitalisations and mortality as well as ‘excess or underutilisation’ of healthcare were calculated, as the difference between actual rates for Māori and the rate expected if Māori had the same rates as non-Māori. These differences were then quantified using COI methodology to estimate the financial cost of ethnic inequities.ResultsIn this conservative estimate, health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults cost NZ$863.3 million per year. Direct costs of NZ$39.9 million per year included costs from ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations and outpatient care, with cost savings from underutilisation of primary care. Indirect costs of NZ$823.4 million per year came from years of life lost and lost wages.ConclusionsIndigenous adult health inequities in NZ create significant direct and indirect costs. The ‘cost of doing nothing’ is predominantly borne by Indigenous communities and society. The net cost of adult health inequities to the government conceals substantial savings to the government from underutilisation of primary care and accident/injury care.
The Dirac and Klein–Gordon equations and greybody radiation for the regular Hayward black hole
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

We investigate the Dirac and Klein–Gordon equations, as well as greybody radiation, for the Hayward black hole (BH) space–time. We first consider the Dirac equation using a null tetrad in the Newman–Penrose formalism. The equations are then separated into angular and radial parts. A pair of one-dimensional Schrödinger-like wave equations with effective potentials is obtained from the radial part. In order to examine the behavior of potentials, they are plotted with respect to radial distances. Additionally, the Klein–Gordon equation is considered in the Hayward BH space–time. At the end, we compute greybody factors for bosons and fermions and our results are shown graphically and discussed.
Eddy memory in weakly nonlinear two-layer quasi-geostrophic ocean flows
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A. , Manucharyan Georgy , Moon Woosok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the origin of eddy-memory effects in a weakly nonlinear regime of a baroclinically unstable zonal ocean flow in a zonal channel. In this weakly nonlinear regime, the memory kernel can be analytically derived in case of an externally imposed time-dependent wind-stress forcing. Here, the memory arises because it takes a finite time for the nonlinear flow to equilibrate and the memory kernel is a decaying (in time) exponential function. When there is no external forcing, eddy-memory effects arise due to successive rectification of the background flow which is due to the self-interaction of the unstable modes. While the memory kernel cannot explicitly be calculated in this case, it is also argued to be a decaying exponential function. In both cases, the memory strength is inversely proportional to the growth rate of the instabilities at criticality.
WordMelodies: Supporting the Acquisition of Literacy Skills by Children with Visual Impairment through a Mobile App
Authors: Ahmetovic Dragan , Bernareggi Cristian , Leporini Barbara , Mascetti Sergio 
Published: October 2022

WordMelodies is a mobile app that aims to support inclusive teaching of literacy skills for primary school students. Thus it was designed to be accessible both visually and through screen reader, and it includes over 80 different types of exercises for practicing literacy skills, each with adjustable difficulty levels, in Italian and in English. WordMelodies is freely available for iOS and Android devices. However, it has not been previously evaluated with children having visual impairments. Thus, in this article, we evaluate the app usability, its perceived ease of use, appreciation and children’s autonomy while using it, as well as the characteristics of the end users. To achieve this, we conducted a user study with 11 primary school students with visual impairments, and we analyzed app usage logs collected from 408 users in over 1 year from the app publication. We show that app usability is high, and most exercises can be completed autonomously. The exercises are also perceived to be easy to perform, and they are appreciated by the participants. Finally, we provide insights on how to address the identified app limitations and propose future research directions.
Os alunos latino-americanos não mexicanos da Escuela Superior de Pintura y Grabado La Esmeralda nas décadas de 30, 40 e 50
Authors: Rezende Daniela Gomes 
Published: October 2022

Este artigo é um estudo de História da Arte e apresenta uma investigação sobre os alunos latino-americanos não mexicanos que estudaram na Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado La Esmeralda (México) e que se tornaram muralistas nas décadas de 1930, 1940 e 1950. O artigo é um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado Muralismo, Muralismos – o Muralismo Mexicano e seu impacto sobre a Arte Latino-Americana, um levantamento iconográfico e bibliográfico da arte mural na América Latina, que permite analisar o impacto que o Muralismo Mexicano exerceu sobre a Arte e os artistas latino-americanos. Alguns artistas que estudaram em La Esmeralda se tornaram muralistas pioneiros no retorno a seus países de origem. A partir da pesquisa de mestrado, foram levantados todos os artistas latino-americanos que estudaram em La Esmeralda, e analisamos os textos mais importantes sobre a obra dos seguintes muralistas: a salvadorenha Violeta Bonilla; o costa-riquenho Francisco Amighetti; o venezuelano Pedro León Zapata; a guatemalteca Rina Lazo e o canadense naturalizado mexicano Arnold Belkin, que viveu e trabalhou a maior parte de sua vida no México.
Prevalence and Disease Expression of Pathogenic and Likely Pathogenic Variants Associated With Inherited Cardiomyopathies in the General Population
Authors: Bourfiss Mimount , van Vugt Marion , Alasiri Abdulrahman I. , Ruijsink Bram , van Setten Jessica , Schmidt A. Floriaan , Dooijes Dennis , Puyol-Antón Esther , Velthuis Birgitta K. , van Tintelen J. Peter , te Riele Anneline S.J.M. , Baas Annette F. , Asselbergs Folkert W. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are recommended to be reported as secondary findings in genome sequencing studies. This provides opportunities for early diagnosis, but also fuels uncertainty in variant carriers (G+), since disease penetrance is incomplete. We assessed the prevalence and disease expression of G+ in the general population.

Methods:
We identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants associated with ARVC, DCM and/or HCM in 200 643 UK Biobank individuals, who underwent whole exome sequencing. We calculated the prevalence of G+ and analyzed the frequency of cardiomyopathy/heart failure diagnosis. In undiagnosed individuals, we analyzed early signs of disease expression using available electrocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data.

Results:

We found a prevalence of 1:578, 1:251, and 1:149 for pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants associated with ARVC, DCM and HCM respectively. Compared with controls, cardiovascular mortality was higher in DCM G+ (odds ratio 1.67 [95% CI 1.04; 2.59],
P
=0.030), but similar in ARVC and HCM G+ (
P
≥0.100). Cardiomyopathy or heart failure diagnosis were more frequent in DCM G+ (odds ratio 3.66 [95% CI 2.24; 5.81],
P
=4.9×10
−7
) and HCM G+ (odds ratio 3.03 [95% CI 1.98; 4.56],
P
=5.8×10
−7
), but comparable in ARVC G+ (
P
=0.172). In contrast, ARVC G+ had more ventricular arrhythmias (
P
=3.3×10
−4
). In undiagnosed individuals, left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced in DCM G+ (
P
=0.009).

Conclusions:
In the general population, pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants associated with ARVC, DCM, or HCM are not uncommon. Although G+ have increased mortality and morbidity, disease penetrance in these carriers from the general population remains low (1.2–3.1%). Follow-up decisions in case of incidental findings should not be based solely on a variant, but on multiple factors, including family history and disease expression.
A Quantifiable Framework for Describing Immersion
Authors: Norton Wil J. , Sauer Jacob , Gerhard David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Current definitions of immersion describe its relationship to presence and allow for relative comparisons between the immersive qualities of Virtual Reality (VR) systems, but lack the ability to describe the immersion supported by a system as an absolute quantity. In this article, we present an abstract model of perception, defining sensory units as the smallest biological registers of sensation within the body. Two metrics of immersion are introduced: the immersed sensory range, and the immersed sensory field, which can be defined for both individual sensory units and entire sensory categories. We define an isolated sensory unit as one that is shielded from non-VR stimuli, and derive the terms isolated field and isolated range from this definition. These metrics are further described as ratios, resulting in a set of theoretical and practical attributes which can be used to quantify the immersive potential of a VR experience.
Causal Inference in Natural Language Processing: Estimation, Prediction, Interpretation and Beyond
Authors: Feder Amir , Keith Katherine A. , Manzoor Emaad , Pryzant Reid , Sridhar Dhanya , Wood-Doughty Zach , Eisenstein Jacob , Grimmer Justin , Reichart Roi , Roberts Margaret E. , Stewart Brandon M. , Veitch Victor , Yang Diyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA fundamental goal of scientific research is to learn about causal relationships. However, despite its critical role in the life and social sciences, causality has not had the same importance in Natural Language Processing (NLP), which has traditionally placed more emphasis on predictive tasks. This distinction is beginning to fade, with an emerging area of interdisciplinary research at the convergence of causal inference and language processing. Still, research on causality in NLP remains scattered across domains without unified definitions, benchmark datasets and clear articulations of the challenges and opportunities in the application of causal inference to the textual domain, with its unique properties. In this survey, we consolidate research across academic areas and situate it in the broader NLP landscape. We introduce the statistical challenge of estimating causal effects with text, encompassing settings where text is used as an outcome, treatment, or to address confounding. In addition, we explore potential uses of causal inference to improve the robustness, fairness, and interpretability of NLP models. We thus provide a unified overview of causal inference for the NLP community.1
Governance and public policies: Support for women entrepreneurs in France and England?
Authors: Johnston Karen , Danho Ekoua J , Yarrow Emily , Cameron Robert , Dann Zoe , Ekinsmyth Carol , Busoi Georgiana , Doyle Amy 
Published: October 2022

We extend the current literature on barriers to women’s entrepreneurship by providing the perspectives of women entrepreneurs’ lived experience of governance and public policies designed to support entrepreneurship, in France and England. The research draws on primary data comprising interviews with 75 French and English women entrepreneurs as well as secondary data. The research suggests that in France the system of governance is relatively more supportive, whereas in England there are less favourable views of bureaucracy and the conditionality of financial policy instruments, which in turn create unintended outcomes. We extend current understandings of gendered public policies and governance. Points for practitioners The public policy and governance context in France offers relatively more support for women entrepreneurs than in England. There is a potential for policy learning in how to support women entrepreneurs. Financial policy instruments such as social welfare payments may affect women entrepreneurship. Bureaucracy creates time and opportunity costs for women entrepreneurs, which have a gendered impact if they are single parents and have dependents.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Profile and Co-morbidity
Authors: Addanki Sai Sandhya , Chandrasekaran Venkatesh , Kandasamy Preeti 
Published: October 2022

Background: Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschool children is challenging and complicated owing to the presence of developmentally appropriate overactivity and a dynamic developmental/learning phase shaping their behaviour. We aimed to study the clinical profile and co-morbidity of ADHD in preschool children. Methods: Fifty consecutively presenting preschool children with ADHD were enrolled from our child guidance clinic (CGC) between January 2017 and December 2018. The diagnosis and assessment of comorbidities were based on the DSM-5 criteria and Vanderbilt teacher and parent rating scales. Relevant clinical and sociodemographic profiles were assessed and analyzed for association with ADHD subtypes and comorbidity. Results: Preschool children with ADHD constituted 8% of all patients visiting the CGC and one-fifth of all children with ADHD. Male:female ratio was 11.5:1. Hyperactive-impulsive was the commonest type, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) was the commonest comorbidity. Most children belonged to the lower-middle socioeconomic group. Language delay was observed in 20%. Median social quotient measured using the Vineland Social Maturity Scale was 83. Conclusions: Preschool children predominantly have the hyperactive impulsive type of ADHD. Isolated language delay was the predominant comorbid developmental disorder, and ODD was the predominant comorbid behavioural disorder. Addressing these issues would help in the appropriate management of these children.
Local ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma by interstitial brachytherapy: prediction of outcome by diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Thormann Maximilian , Surov Alexey , Pech Maciej , March Christine , Hass Peter , Damm Robert , Omari Jazan 
Published: October 2022

Background Interstitial brachytherapy (iBT) has become a viable treatment option in the therapy of early and intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prognostic imaging tools to predict patient outcome are missing. Purpose To assess the predictive value of baseline diffusion-weighted imaging in HCC before iBT with regard to local tumor control and overall survival (OS). Material and Methods We retrospectively identified 107 patients who underwent iBT for HCC from 2011 to 2018 from our database. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for each treated lesion were analyzed in region of interest measurements. Additionally, explorative combined ratios adjusting total measured lesion area and mean measured lesion area per patient by ADC values were calculated. Measurements underwent a univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The log rank test was then used to verify prognostic cutoff levels for median survival time. Results A total of 189 lesions in 81 patients were measured. Median survival of patients was 46.0 months. Neither ADC parameter was indicative of local tumor control. Lesion size >5 cm was associated with lower local tumor control (hazard ratio [HR]=4.292, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.285–14.331; P = 0.018). Average measured lesion area divided by ADCmin (ADCarea mean, min) was identified to independently predict OS (HR=1.994, 95% CI=1.172–3.392; P = 0.011). A cutoff based on the variable's median (0.29 × 10–4 AU) identified patients with poor outcome (OS 36 vs. 61 months) for lower ADCarea mean, min values as verified by the log-rank test ( P = 0.040). Conclusion Pre-treatment ADCarea mean, min may serve as an independent predictor of OS in patients with HCC undergoing iBT.
Excessively High Repair Tension Decreases Microvascular Blood Flow Within the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Miyake Satoshi , Izaki Teruaki , Arashiro Yasuhara , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Shibata Yozo , Shibata Terufumi , Yamamoto Takuaki 
Published: October 2022

Background: Repair tension and microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff has a critical impact on tendon healing after rotator cuff repair. However, the relationship between repair tension and microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff remains unclear. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine how much tension adversely affects microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff. The hypothesis was that as the repair tension increases, the microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff decreases. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Repair tension and microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff of 30 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were simultaneously measured using a digital tension meter and a contact-type laser Doppler flowmeter, respectively. Microvascular blood flow was measured under 4 levels of tension (0, 10, 20, and 30 N) at 5 points on the rotator cuff. The obtained values were statistically analyzed by a linear mixed-effects model to clarify the effect of tension on microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in microvascular blood flow (mL/min/100 g) within the rotator cuff between 0 N (mean, 3.51; 95% CI, 3.0-4.0) and 10 N (mean, 3.74; 95% CI, 3.2-4.3) of tension ( P = .716). However, there were statistically significant differences in microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff between 0 and 20 N of tension (mean, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.3-3.4) ( P = .002) and between 0 and 30 N of tension (mean, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.9-3.0) ( P < .001). Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: Our findings indicate that tension of ≥10 N during rotator cuff repair significantly decreases the microvascular blood flow within the rotator cuff. These data will contribute to determining the optimal repair tension during rotator cuff repair.
Numerical investigation into characteristics of far-field aerodynamic noise radiated by inter-coach space of high-speed maglev trains
Authors: Wang Rusi , Huang Jingyu 
Published: October 2022

Self-sustain oscillation leads to aerodynamic noise at inter-coach space. It can be seen from existing literature that the aerodynamic noise at inter-coach space has already become an important branch in the domain of vibration and noise reduction of high-speed wheel-rail trains. However, to the best of our knowledge, approaches focusing on the identical problem that does exist in the windshield area of high-speed maglev train have not yet been published. In this paper, a computational model is established for the inter-coach space of high-speed maglev train running at the speed of 600 km·h−1. The model includes two half-mid-train with one outer full windshield connected. On the basis of Realizable k-ε model and Spalart-Allmaras DDES model, respectively, the steady and unsteady flow field are initially solved, and the pressure fluctuation on rigid surfaces, the vortex shedding process and the distribution of sound source power are then visualized to make clear the genesis mechanism of aerodynamic noise in the windshield area. With penetrable integration surfaces constructed, the far-field sound radiation is obtained from the Ffowc Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation, and the contribution rate of the quadrupole noise sources to the total aerodynamic noise is then calculated as a comparison to the previous conclusions that aerodynamic noise at inter-coach space of high-speed trains was mainly dipole. Of great significance, it is concluded in this paper that at the speed of 600 km·h−1, the quadrupole sound source contributes about 35.6% to the total sound energy in the far field, which is lower than the percentage using the entire train model at the same speed level but still cannot be ignored. The results in this paper are able to provide guidance for future researches on vibration and noise reduction of high-speed maglev train.
Hepatocellular Adenoma in an Infant With Burn-McKeown Syndrome: Report of a Case
Authors: González Iván A. , Surrey Lea F. , Russo Pierre 
Published: October 2022

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) in infants are exceedingly rare with only 5 cases reported to the best of our knowledge, all of them preceding the classification of HCA. Here we present an autopsy case of a 9-month-old girl with Burn-McKeown syndrome with an incidental liver nodule in the right lobe measuring 1.5 cm in greatest dimension. The lesion was composed of an unencapsulated proliferation of hepatocytes with multiple unaccompanied arteries without well-formed portal tracts, and an intact reticulin framework without thickened hepatic plates, findings consistent with an HCA. Glutamine synthetase (GS), lipid fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP), c-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-a (SAA), beta-catenin and CD34 immunostains were performed. GS was diffusely and strongly positive in the lesion, CD34 showed heterogenous staining of sinusoids within the lesion without a well-formed rim from the background liver and beta-catenin was negative for nuclear staining. CRP and SAA were considered negative, and LFABP was retained. Molecular testing showed no CTNNB1 variants and found two tier 3 variants involving CHEK2 and PTEN genes. These findings are consistent with an unclassified HCA (U-HCA) per the 2019 WHO Classification of Tumors, representing the youngest patient reported. This raises the possibility that some HCAs are congenital or develop very early in life, remaining undiagnosed until later in life.