bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin‐based hexamers facilitate memory and prevent amyloid‐driven AMPA receptor internalisation and neuronal degeneration
Authors: Doherty Gayle , Holiday Alison , Malekizadeh Yasaman , Manolescu Cosmin , Duncan Stephen , Flewitt Iona , Hamilton Kirsty , MacLeod Beth , Ainge James A. , Harvey Jenni 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKey pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include build‐up of amyloid β (Aβ), which promotes synaptic abnormalities and ultimately leads to neuronal cell death. Metabolic dysfunction is known to influence the risk of developing AD. Impairments in the leptin system have been detected in AD patients, which has fuelled interest in targeting this system to treat AD. Increasing evidence supports pro‐cognitive and neuroprotective actions of leptin and these beneficial effects of leptin are mirrored by a bioactive leptin fragment (leptin116–130). Here we extend these studies to examine the potential cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective actions of 8 six‐amino acid peptides (hexamers) derived from leptin116–130. In this study, we show that four of the hexamers (leptin116–121, 117–122, 118–123 and 120–125) replicate the ability of leptin to promote α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor trafficking and facilitate hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Moreover, the pro‐cognitive effects of the hexamers were verified in behavioural studies, with the administration of leptin117–122 enhancing performance in episodic memory tasks. The bioactive hexamers replicated the neuroprotective actions of leptin by preventing the acute hippocampal synapto‐toxic effects of Aβ, and the chronic effects of Aβ on neuronal cell viability, Aβ seeding and tau phosphorylation. These findings provide further evidence to support leptin and leptin‐derived peptides as potential therapeutics for AD.image
Potential and limits of (mal)adaptive mutation rate plasticity in plants
Authors: Monroe J. Grey 
Published: November 2022

SummaryGenetic mutations provide the heritable material for plant adaptation to their environments. At the same time, the environment can affect the mutation rate across plant genomes. However, the extent to which environmental plasticity in mutation rates can facilitate or hinder adaptation remains a longstanding and unresolved question. Emerging discoveries of mechanisms affecting mutation rate variability provide opportunities to consider this question in a new light. Links between chromatin states, transposable elements, and DNA repair suggest cases of adaptive mutation rate plasticity could occur. Yet, numerous evolutionary and biological forces are expected to limit the impact of any such mutation rate plasticity on adaptive evolution. Persistent uncertainty about the significance of mutation rate plasticity on adaptation motivates new experimental and theoretical research relevant to understanding plant responses in changing environments.
Molecular module of CmMYB15‐like‐Cm4CL2 regulating lignin biosynthesis of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) in response to aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) feeding
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Yi , Tian Chang , Wang Xinhui , Zhou Lijie , Jiang Jiafu , Wang LiKai , Chen Fadi , Chen Sumei 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Lignin is a major component of plant cell walls and a conserved basic defense mechanism in higher plants deposited in response to aphid infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis in response to aphid infection and the effect of lignin on aphid feeding behavior remain unclear.
We report that 4‐Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 2 (Cm4CL2), a gene encoding a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, is induced by aphid feeding, resulting in lignin deposition and reduced aphid attack. Upstream regulator analysis showed that the expression of Cm4CL2 in response to aphid feeding was directly upregulated by CmMYB15‐like, an SG2‐type R2R3‐MYB transcription factor.
CmMYB15‐like binds directly to the AC cis‐element in the promoter region of Cm4CL2. Genetic validation demonstrated that CmMYB15‐like was induced by aphid infection and contributed to lignin deposition and cell wall thickening, which consequently enhanced aphid resistance in a Cm4CL2‐dependent manner.
This study is the first to show that the CmMYB15‐like‐Cm4CL2 module regulates lignin biosynthesis in response to aphid feeding.
The clade F PP2C phosphatase ZmPP84 negatively regulates drought tolerance by repressing stomatal closure in maize
Authors: Guo Yazhen , Shi Yabo , Wang Yalin , Liu Fang , Li Zhen , Qi Junsheng , Wang Yi , Zhang Jingbo , Yang Shuhua , Wang Yu , Gong Zhizhong 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Drought is a major environmental stress that threatens crop production. Therefore, identification of genes involved in drought stress response is of vital importance to decipher the molecular mechanism of stress signal transduction and breed drought tolerance crops, especially for maize.
Clade A PP2C phosphatases are core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling components, regulating ABA signal transduction and drought response. However, the roles of other clade PP2Cs in drought resistance remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered a clade F PP2C, ZmPP84, that negatively regulates drought tolerance by screening a transgenic overexpression maize library.
Quantitative RT‐PCR indicates that the transcription of ZmPP84 is suppressed by drought stress. We identified that ZmMEK1, a member of the MAPKK family, interacts with ZmPP84 by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Additionally, we found that ZmPP84 can dephosphorylate ZmMEK1 and repress its kinase activity on the downstream substrate kinase ZmSIMK1, while ZmSIMK1 is able to phosphorylate S‐type anion channel ZmSLAC1 at S146 and T520 in vitro. Mutations of S146 and T520 to phosphomimetic aspartate could activate ZmSLAC1 currents in Xenopus oocytes.
Taken together, our study suggests that ZmPP84 is a negative regulator of drought stress response that inhibits stomatal closure through dephosphorylating ZmMEK1, thereby repressing ZmMEK1–ZmSIMK1 signaling pathway.
Kinematic Alignment May Reduce Opioid Consumption and Length of Stay Compared to Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lung Brandon E. , Donnelly Megan R. , McLellan Maddison , Callan Kylie , Amirhekmat Arya , McMaster William C. , Yang Steven , So David H. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivePrevious studies have sought to determine the effects of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using kinematic alignment (KA) versus mechanical alignment (MA) to reproduce the native knee alignment and soft tissue envelope for improved patient satisfaction. There are limited studies that compare acute perioperative outcomes between KA and MA patients as it pertains to pain‐related opioid consumption and hospital length of stay (LOS). This study aims to compare early KA and MA in restoring function and rehabilitation after surgery to reduce hospitalization and opioid consumption.MethodsA retrospective review of 42 KA and 58 MA primary TKA patients performed by a single surgeon between 2020–2021 was conducted. Demographics were controlled between groups and radiographic measurements and functional outcomes were compared. Pain was evaluated with inpatient/outpatient morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Mobility was assessed using multiple measures by a physical therapist. Mean preoperative and 3‐month postoperative flexion range of motion (ROM) were analyzed, and overall complications, LOS, and non‐home discharge between groups compared. Continuous variables were compared using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, and categorical variables were compared using the chi‐square or Fisher exact test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsKA patients had shorter LOS (1.8 vs 3.1 days) and less cumulative opioid requirements compared to MA patients (578 vs 1253 MME). On postoperative day 0, KA patients ambulated on average twice the distance of MA patients (20 vs 6.5 feet). KA patients had residual tibia component in varus (1.4° vs −0.3°), femoral component in valgus (−1.9° vs 0.2°), and valgus joint line obliquity compared with MA (−1.5° vs 0.2°). There were no significant differences between 3‐month postoperative flexion arc motion, discharge destination, KOOS or SF‐12 outcomes, and surgical complication rates between groups.ConclusionsBy restoring the native joint line obliquity and minimizing the frequency of ligament releases, KA for TKA may improve pain relief, early mobility, and decreased length of stay compared with traditional methods of establishing neutral limb axis by MA.
Transcutaneous electrical cranial‐auricular acupoint stimulation versus escitalopram for mild‐to‐moderate depression: An assessor‐blinded, randomized, non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Zhang Zhang‐Jin , Zhang Shui‐Yan , Yang Xin‐Jing , Qin Zong‐Shi , Xu Feng‐Quan , Jin Gui‐Xing , Hou Xiao‐Bing , Liu Yong , Cai Ji‐Fu , Xiao Hai‐Bing , Wong Yat Kwan , Zheng Yu , Shi Lei , Zhang Jin‐Niu , Zhao Yuan‐Yuan , Xiao Xue , Zhang Liu‐Lu , Jiao Yue , Wang Yu , He Jia‐Kai , Chen Guo‐Bing , Rong Pei‐Jing 
Published: November 2022

AimTranscutaneous electrical cranial‐auricular acupoint stimulation (TECAS) is a novel non‐invasive therapy that stimulates acupoints innervated by the trigeminal and auricular vagus nerves. An assessor‐blinded, randomized, non‐inferiority trial was designed to compare the efficacy of TECAS and escitalopram in mild‐to‐moderate major depressive disorder.Methods468 participants received two TECAS sessions per day at home (n = 233) or approximately 10–13 mg/day escitalopram (n = 235) for 8 weeks plus 4‐week follow‐up. The primary outcome was clinical response, defined as a baseline‐to‐endpoint ≥50% reduction in Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score. Secondary outcomes included remission rate, changes in the severity of depression, anxiety, sleep and life quality.ResultsThe response rate was 66.4% on TECAS and 63.2% on escitalopram with a 3.2% difference (95% confidence interval [CI], −5.9% to 12.9%) in intention‐to‐treat analysis, and 68.5% versus 66.2% with a 2.3% difference (95% CI, −6.9% to 11.4%) in per‐protocol analysis. The lower limit of 95% CI of the differences fell within the prespecified non‐inferiority margin of −10% (P ≤ 0.004 for non‐inferiority). Most secondary outcomes did not differ between the two groups. TECAS‐treated participants who experienced psychological trauma displayed a markedly greater response than those without traumatic experience (81.3% vs 62.1%, P = 0.013). TECAS caused much fewer adverse events than escitalopram.ConclusionsTECAS was comparable to escitalopram in improving depression and related symptoms, with high acceptability, better safety profile, and particular efficacy in reducing trauma‐associated depression. It could serve an effective portable therapy for mild‐to‐moderate depression.
Monetary, fiscal, and structural drivers of inflation in Ethiopia: new empirical evidence from time series analysis
Authors: Ndikumana Léonce , Nkurunziza Janvier D. , Sánchez Martín Miguel Eduardo , Mulugeta Samuel , Getachew Kelbore Zerihun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the drivers of inflation in Ethiopia using monthly data over the period July 1998 to September 2020. It explores short‐run and long‐run effects of domestic and external determinants of inflation—including demand‐side, supply‐side, and structural factors—using the cointegration and vector error‐correction methodology. Four measures of inflation are considered: cereals, food, nonfood, and all‐items Consummer Price Index (CPI) inflation. A key contribution to the existing literature is the investigation of the role of the fiscal sector in modeling inflation, a topic that has been neglected in the existing studies on inflation in Ethiopia. The empirical results show that disequilibria in the monetary sector, grains sector, and food markets have long‐run effects on inflation. In the short run, inflation is driven by structural factors (notably, cereal output gaps and imported inflation) as well as demand‐side factors (notably, money growth and public sector borrowing). The results hold when analysis is limited to the high growth period from 2005 onward, following the end of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) program in the country. The evidence provides valuable insights in the context of ongoing macroeconomic policy reforms in Ethiopia.
Understanding the essence of care in nurses' lived stories: A phenomenological study
Authors: Kol Emine , Boz İlkay , Bolattürk Gamze , İlaslan Emine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaring contains understanding and connecting with the individual and the process of providing the healing effect. Nurses' awareness of the science of care can be improved by analyzing and sharing their care experiences, including their healing power, with members of the profession.AimThe aim of this study was to understand the meaning of care from nurses' experiences and the real‐life stories told by nurses.MethodA descriptive phenomenological design was used. A total of 124 stories told by 23 nurses participating in the training of Human Caring Theory constituted the sample of the study. The content analysis of the stories was carried out in four stages with Giorgi's phenomenological method analysis.ResultsThree themes and six subthemes were derived from the 124 stories. Three main themes: (1) care holds mysteries, (2) care as praxis and (3) obstacles to caring relationship. The first main theme consisted of three subthemes; “Hearing the call for help”, “Metaphysical presence” and “Discovery of the healing effect”. The second main theme consisted of three subthemes; “Criticism of the objective approach”, “Unforgettable experiences of carecaring experiences” and “Awareness of expertise”.ConclusionThe use of stories in the training of Human Caring Theory that centers care, besides facilitating learning, has created awareness among nurses about the ‘Concept of Care’ and has been an important step towards developing awareness of care among nurses.
Energy Harvesting Performance of Thick Oscillating Airfoils Using a Discrete Vortex Model
Authors: Fard Kiana Kamrani , Ngo Vickie , Pence Deborah , Liburdy James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The energy harvesting performance of thick oscillating airfoils is predicted using an inviscid discrete vortex model (DVM). National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) airfoils with different leading-edge geometries are modeled that undergo sinusoidal heaving and pitching with reduced frequencies, k=fc/U∞, in the range 0.06−0.14, where f is the heaving frequency of the foil, c is the chord length, and U∞ is the freestream velocity. The airfoil pitches about the midchord with heaving and pitching amplitudes of h0=0.5c and θ0=70 deg, respectively, known to be in the range of peak energy harvesting efficiencies. A vortex shedding initiation criteria is proposed based on the transient local wall stress distribution determined from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and incorporates both timing and location of leading-edge separation. The scaled shedding times are shown to be predicted over the range of reduced frequencies using a timescale based on the leading-edge shear velocity and radius of curvature. The convection velocity of the shed vortices is also modeled based on the reduced frequency to better capture the dynamics of the leading-edge vortex. An empirical trailing-edge separation correction is applied to the transient force results using the effective angle of attack modified to include the pitching component. Impulse theory is applied to the DVM to calculate the transient lift force and compares well with the CFD simulations. Results show that the power output increases with increasing airfoil thickness and is most notable at higher reduced frequencies where the power output efficiency is highest.
Changes in UK paediatric long-term ventilation practice over 10 years
Authors: Barker Nicki , Sinha Aditi , Jesson Catherine , Doctor Tahera , Narayan Omendra , Elphick Heather E 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo provide up-to-date information on the use of long-term ventilation (LTV) in the UK paediatric population and to compare the results with data collected 10 and 20 years previously.DesignA single timepoint census completed by LTV centres in the UK, carried out via an online survey.Setting and patientsAll patients attending paediatric LTV services in the UK.ResultsData were collected from 25 LTV centres in the UK. The total study population was 2383 children and young people, representing a 2.5-fold increase in the last 10 years. The median age was 9 years (range 0–20 years). Notable changes since 2008 were an increase in the proportion of children with central hypoventilation syndrome using mask ventilation, an increase in overall numbers of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1, chronic lung disease of prematurity and cerebral palsy being ventilated, and a 4.2-fold increase in children using LTV for airway obstruction. The use of 24-hour ventilation, negative pressure ventilation and tracheostomy as an interface had declined. 115 children had received a disease-modifying drug. The use of ataluren and Myozyme did not influence the decision to treat with LTV, but in 35% of the children with SMA type 1 treated with nusinersin, the clinician stated that the use of this drug had or may have influenced their decision to initiate LTV.ConclusionThe results support the need for national database for children and young people using LTV at home to inform future recommendations and assist in resource allocation planning.
Influence of videolaryngoscopy using McGrath Mac on the need for a helper to perform intubation during general anaesthesia: a multicentre randomised video-no-video trial
Authors: Belze Olivier , Coppere Zoé , Ouattara Jonathan , Thion Laurie-Anne , Paqueron Xavier , Devys Jean-Michel , Ma Sabrina , Kennel Titouan , Fischler Marc , Le Guen Morgan 
Published: November 2022

Objective
We hypothesised that videolaryngoscopy modifies practice of tracheal intubation.

Design
Randomised single-blinded study (video and no-video groups).

Setting
Three institutions: one academic, one non-profit and one profit.

Participants
Patients >18 years, requiring orotracheal intubation, without predicted difficult intubation. Non-inclusion criterion was patients requiring a rapid-sequence intubation. 300 patients were included, 271 randomised, 256 analysed: 123 in the no-video and 133 in the video groups.

Intervention
Tracheal intubation using a McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope, the sequence being video recorded.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome was the proportion of intubations where assistance is necessary on request of the operator. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative variables (intubation difficulty scale and its components, percentage of glottic opening score, oesophageal Intubation, duration of intubation, removal of the screen cover in the no-video group, global evaluation of the ease of intubation, bispectral index, heart rate and blood pressure), intraoperative and postoperative complications (hoarseness or sore throat) and cooperation of the anaesthesiology team.

Results
Requirement for assistance was not decreased in the Video group: 36.1% (95% CI 27.9 to 44.9) vs 45.5% (95% CI 36.5 to 54.7) in the no-video group, p=0.74; OR: 0.7 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.1) and absolute risk: 0.10 (95% CI −0.03 to 0.22). Intubation difficulty scale was similar in both groups (p=0.05). Percentage of glottic opening score was better in the Video group (median of 100 (95% CI (100 to 100) and 80 (95%CI (80 to 90) in the no-video group; p<0.001) as Cormack and Lehane grade (p=0001). Ease of intubation was considered better in the video group (p<0.001). Other secondary outcomes were similar between groups. Screen cover was removed in 7.3% (95% CI (2.7 to 11.9)) of the cases in the video group. No serious adverse event occurred. Communication and behaviour within the anaesthesia team were appropriate in all cases.

Conclusion
In patients without predicted difficult intubation, videolaryngoscopy did not decrease the requirement for assistance to perform intubation.

Trial registration number

NCT02926144; Results.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in erosive hand osteoarthritis: protocol for the randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled ESTIVAL trial
Authors: Courties Alice , Deprouw Camille , Rousseau Alexandra , Berard Laurence , Touati Amel , Kalsch Johanna , Villevieille Margaux , Maheu Emmanuel , Miquel Anne , Simon Tabassome , Berenbaum Francis , Sellam Jeremie 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPatients with erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) experience pain and inflammation, two features that can be targeted by vagus nerve stimulation using electrical auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS). A pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of the procedure, so we designed a randomised sham-controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of tVNS in EHOA.Methods and analysisESTIVAL Study (Essai randomisé comparant la STImulation auriculaire transcutanée du nerf Vague versus sham stimulation dans l’Arthrose DigitaLe Érosive symptomatique et inflammatoire) is a superiority, randomised, double-blind sham-controlled trial comparing two parallel arms: active and sham tVNSs in a 1:1 ratio. Patients with symptomatic EHOA (score ≥40/100 mm on a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain of 0–100 mm) and inflammatory EHOA (≥1 clinical and ultrasonography-determined interphalangeal synovitis) are included in 18 hospital centres (17 rheumatology and 1 rehabilitation departments) in France. Active and sham tVNSs use an auricular electrode connected to the Vagustim device, with no electric current delivered in the sham group. Patients undergo stimulation for 20 min/day for 12 weeks. The follow-up visits take place at weeks 4, 8 and 12. The enrolment duration is 2 years and started in April 2021; 156 patients are scheduled to be included. The primary outcome is the difference in self-reported hand pain in the previous 48 hours measured on a VAS of 0–100 mm between baseline and week 12. Secondary outcomes include other pain outcomes, function, quality of life, serum biomarker levels, compliance and tolerance. For a subset of patients, MRI of the hand is performed at baseline and week 12 to compare the change in Outcome Measures in Rheumatology/Hand Osteoarthritis MRI Scoring System subscores. The primary analysis will be performed at the end of the study according to the intent-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the institutional review board (Comité de Protection des Personnes, 2020-A02213-36). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04520516; Pre-results.Protocol version and numberV.2 of 11 March 2021.