bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal climatology of correlations between the planetary boundary layer height and surface meteorological factors over the contiguous United States
Authors: Xi Xingya , Zhang Yuanjie , Gao Zhiqiu , Yang Yuanjian , Zhou Shaohui , Duan Zexia , Yin Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe correlations between the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and surface meteorological factors, including the surface wind speed (RWS), temperature (RTS), specific humidity (RSH), pressure (RPS), and lower tropospheric stability (RLTS), are investigated using hourly profiles from the Aircraft Meteorological Data Reports at 54 major airports over the contiguous United States (CONUS) and surface observations from weather stations. At the diurnal cycle, the RWS and RTS are positive and the RPS and RLTS are negative across the CONUS, while the RSH is negative over most areas but tends to be positive in the inland humid region. At the annual cycle, the correlations show significant diurnal variations that cannot be well captured by routine twice‐daily radiosonde data. The RWS is significantly positive at night but less significant during the daytime over most regions. The RTS and RSH are positive and the RPS and RLTS are negative at the daytime, which are of the opposite sign at the nighttime, with exceptions in some coastal areas. The diurnal variations of the correlations at the annual cycle also exhibit significant geographic variability, with the diurnal variation generally stronger in central eastern humid areas, weaker in some coastal areas, and moderate in relatively arid or mountain areas. This study highlights that the correlations between the PBLH and meteorological variables depend on the thermal stratification and are affected by the local hydrological and synoptic factors.
Machine learning‐based analysis and prediction of the interfacial corrosion processes of copper cathode plates during the electrolytic production of copper powders
Authors: Zhou Youzhi , Lin Pengcheng , Ke Xin , Hu Qiang , Shi Qi , Zhang Jingguo , Wang Zhong , Wang Limin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPresent efforts to support the essential industrial‐scale electrolytic production of copper‐based metal powders urgently require approaches to the real‐time predicting of corrosion of copper cathodes employed in electrolytic production processes. However, current approaches are extremely limited owing to the difficulty of accurately modeling the complex cathode corrosion process. In this study, the corrosion process under different parameters was analyzed by a self‐designed continuous electrolytic corrosion experimental device, clarify the influence mechanism of current density on the corrosion of the solid–liquid–gas interface area, and addresses this issue by applying a random forest machine learning approach based on three process parameters, including the electrolyte temperature, liquid‐level fluctuation cycle period, and current density. The dataset employed in the model is obtained using a novel experimental corrosion test method based on electrode arrays. The experimental results include the corrosion rates of copper cathode plates at different positions relative to the liquid electrolyte level during the electrolysis process. The resulting stochastic model is demonstrated to obtain a high prediction accuracy of 97% for the various regions of copper cathode plates defined according to liquid electrolyte level.
Modeling and Numerical Studies of Three‐Dimensional Conically Shaped Microwells Using Non‐Uniform Photolithography
Authors: Manzoor Ahmad Ali , Hwang Dae Kun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConical microwells have found a wide range of applications such as in cancer diagnostics, cell spheroid formation, and three‐dimensional oncology models. Numerous microengineered fabrication techniques have been developed for the formation of such conically shaped microwells. Among many, non‐uniform photolithography (NUPL) in a PDMS microfluidic channel with a glass substrate, can be used to create polymeric microwells with tapered‐bottom and parabolic curvatures. Here, the parabolic well formation of microwells is numerically investigated using NUPL to better understand its key mechanisms. Temporal and spatial free‐radical diffusion are incorporated into the modeling of photopolymerization. In addition, the 3D‐shape tuning ability of NUPL is modeled for the synthesis of microwells through a variation of UV light intensity induced by the presence of opaque materials. The model and simulation results predict the time‐evolution of microwell formation with parabolic well features. The effects of the conical shape‐tuning parameters are numerically determined, i.e., the aspect ratio of the well diameter to channel height and the non‐uniformity of UV light intensity on the microwell depth and parabolic curvature. Numerical work provides meaningful insights into NUPL to optimize and design polymeric microwells with shape features tuned to their application.
A total‐strain based orthotropic continuum model for the cyclic nonlinear behavior of unreinforced brick masonry structures
Authors: Sousamli Marianthi , Messali Francesco , Rots Jan G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlane‐stress and shell macromodels are often preferred to analyze masonry structures because of their numerical efficiency. However, they often misestimate the hysteretic behavior of the structures. Additionally, due to the nature of smeared cracks, the cracks may be diffused. This article proposes a new orthotropic model, which focuses on the cyclic, nonlinear behavior of brick masonry structures. The model adopts a total‐strain based rotating crack approach. It describes tensile and compressive failure in the rotating principal directions, while including indirectly shear failure through an internal iterative algorithm. Two distinctions are made regarding the tensile postpeak and unloading/reloading behavior based on the crack orientation at crack initiation: a steep softening branch and secant unloading are adopted when the crack angle corresponds to in‐plane flexural failure, and a softening branch and bilinear unloading are adopted when the crack angle corresponds to diagonal shear failure. Bilinear unloading/reloading is adopted in compression, resulting in a cyclic behavior resembling shear. The constitutive model was implemented in a finite element software and validated against experimental results. The numerical simulations reproduced well the experimental outcomes in terms of envelope load‐displacement curve and hysteretic behavior, while simultaneously they resulted in localized damage, representative of the experimental crack patterns.
Deep learned one‐iteration nonlinear solver for solid mechanics
Authors: Nguyen Tan N. , Lee Jaehong , Dinh‐Tien Liem , Minh Dang L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNowadays, there are a lot of iterative algorithms which have been proposed for nonlinear problems of solid mechanics. The existing biggest drawback of iterative algorithms is the requirement of numerous iterations and computation to solve these problems. This can be found clearly when the large or complex problems with thousands or millions of degrees of freedom are solved. To overcome completely this difficulty, the novel one‐iteration nonlinear solver (OINS) using time series prediction and the modified Riks method (M‐R) is proposed in this paper. OINS is established upon the core idea as follows: (1) Firstly, we predict the load factor increment and the displacement vector increment and the convergent solution of the considering load step via the predictive networks which are trained by using the load factor and the displacement vector increments of the previous convergence steps and group method of data handling (GMDH); (2) Thanks to the predicted convergence solution of the load step is very close to or identical with the real one, the prediction phase used in any existing nonlinear solvers is eliminated completely in OINS. Next, the correction phase of the M‐R is adopted and the OINS iteration is started at the predicted convergence point to reach the convergent solution. The training process and the applying process of GMDH are continuously conducted and repeated during the nonlinear analysis in order to predict the convergence point at the beginning of each load step. Through numerical investigations, we prove that OINS is powerful, highly accurate and only needs about one iteration per load step. Thus, OINS significantly saves number of iterations and a huge amount of computation compared with the conventional methods. Especially, OINS not only can detect limit, inflection, and other special points but also can predict exactly various types of instabilities of structures.
Clinical insights into pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cook Daniel P. , Xu Meng , Martucci Victoria L. , Annis Jeffrey S. , Aldrich Melinda C. , Hemnes Anna R. , Brittain Evan L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Little is known about the prevalence and clinical profiles of patients with COPD‐PH. We report the clinical characteristics, hemodynamic profiles, and prognosis in a large population of patients with COPD referred for right heart catheterization (RHC). We extracted data from all patients referred for RHC between 1997 and 2017 in Vanderbilt's deidentified medical record. PH was defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg. Pre‐ and postcapillary PH were defined according to contemporary guidelines. COPD was identified using a validated rules‐based algorithm requiring international classification of diseases codes relevant to COPD. We identified 6065 patients referred for RHC, of whom 1509 (24.9%) had COPD and 1213 had COPD and PH. Patients with COPD‐PH had a higher prevalence of diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure compared with COPD without PH. Approximately 55% of patients with COPD‐PH had elevated left ventricle (LV) filling pressure. Pulmonary function testing data from individuals with COPD‐PH revealed subtype differences, with precapillary COPD‐PH having lower diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) values than the other COPD‐PH subtypes. Patients with COPD‐PH had significantly increased mortality compared with COPD alone (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–2.26) with the highest mortality among the combined pre‐ and postcapillary COPD‐PH subgroup (HR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.64–3.47). PH is common among patients with COPD referred for RHC. The etiology of PH in patients with COPD is often mixed due to multimorbidity and is associated with high mortality, which may have implications for risk factor management.
A variable sample size run sum coefficient of variation chart
Authors: Yeong Wai Chung , Tan Yen Yoon , Lim Sok Li , Khaw Khai Wah , Khoo Michael Boon Chong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA run sum chart with variable sample size (VSS) to detect shifts in the coefficient of variation (γ) is proposed. The run sum γ chart divides the chart into different regions with distinct scores assigned to these regions, and evaluates the process from the cumulative score. The proposed chart varies the sample size based on the cumulative score. A detailed description of the operation for the proposed chart is provided. Formulae to evaluate various performance measures are also derived. Furthermore, algorithms to optimize the chart are proposed. The chart significantly outperforms the run sum γ chart without the VSS feature in most cases. Besides the run sum γ chart, comparisons are also made against other γ charts. Finally, the implementation of the VSS run sum γ chart is shown on an illustrative example.
Fabrication of minimal capital‐intensive scratch‐resistant and hydrophobic tungsten oxide film on stainless steel through spray pyrolysis
Authors: Vardhan Robbi Vivek , Kumar Subodh , Mandal Saumen 
Published: January 2022

In this contribution, a pure and robust tungsten oxide (WO3) film was accomplished on stainless steel (SS) substrate at 400°C through a minimal capital intensive, simplistic spray pyrolysis method by utilizing a precursor comprising tungsten hexachloride and 2‐methoxyethanol. Thermal analysis revealed the precursor's thermal decomposition and crystallization at ~230°C and 255°C, respectively. The fabricated polycrystalline (monoclinic crystal structured) film was uniform and dense in nature, exhibiting surface porosity and average surface roughness of 4.7 % and 15.9 nm, respectively. The average grain size and thickness of film were 360 ± 70 nm and ~3.6 μm, respectively. W, O elemental presence with a close atomic ratio of 1:3 on the film's surface was acquired along with 91 % lattice oxygen. Regardless of applied normal load in the range of 5 to 15 N, an increment of ~22 % in scratch hardness was gained in WO3‐coated SS compared to uncoated one. Hydrophilic natured WO3 film (water contact angle, WCA, of ~31°) was efficaciously transformed into hydrophobic (WCA, 136°) by chemical modification with octadecyltrichlorosilane to create a self‐assembled monolayer on the surface of the film. The hydrophobicity of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)‐treated film was found to be preserved even after 100 days.
Longitudinal predictors of depression, anxiety, and alcohol use following COVID‐19‐related stress
Authors: Venanzi Lisa , Dickey Lindsay , Green Haley , Pegg Samantha , Benningfield Margaret M. , Bettis Alexandra H. , Blackford Jennifer Urbano , Kujawa Autumn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic imposed profound effects on health and daily life, with widespread stress exposure and increases in psychiatric symptoms. Despite these challenges, pandemic research provides unique insights into individual differences in emotion and cognition that predict responses to stress, with general implications for understanding stress vulnerability. We examined predictors of responses to COVID‐19‐related stress in an online sample of 450 emerging adults recruited in May 2020 to complete questionnaires assessing baseline stress and psychiatric symptoms, rumination, cognitive reappraisal use and intolerance of uncertainty. Stress and symptoms were re‐assessed 3 months later (N = 200). Greater pandemic‐related stressful events were associated with increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety and alcohol use severity. Additionally, individual differences in emotional and cognitive styles emerged as longitudinal predictors of stress responses. Specifically, greater rumination predicted increased depression. Reduced cognitive reappraisal use interacted with stress to predict increases in alcohol use. An unexpected pattern emerged for intolerance of uncertainty, such that stress was associated with increases in depression for those high in intolerance of uncertainty but increases in alcohol use at relatively low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. These results highlight unique vulnerabilities that predict specific outcomes following stress exposure and offer potential prevention targets.
Bio‐purification of domestic wastewater through constructed wetland planted with Paspalidium flavidum
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Zakir Bushra , Anees Muhammad , Naz Iffat , Alhewairini Saleh S. , Sehar Shama 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study was aimed to designed laboratory scale constructed wetland (CW) for the treatment of domestic wastewater under temperature range (18–38°C) and hydraulic retention times (24 and 48 h). Besides, the soil of vegetative unit of CW was assessed using conventional culturing techniques, and 13 different bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Alcaligenes, Salmonella, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, Shigella and Corynebacterium spp.) were determined. The pathogenic microbial load was high in influent samples, but after treatment, about 73.1–99.7% and 43.5–86.7% reduction in CFU/ml and MPN/100 ml index, respectively, were observed. Moreover, the organic loads in terms of COD, TDS, TSS, and turbidity were high in all influent samples, but after treatment, average percentage removal in different physico‐chemical parameters was observed during overall treatment operations, that is, COD (59.7–65.6%), TDS (59.6–76.8%), TSS (64.9–76.7%), and turbidity (72.7–91.6%), while pH of the effluent samples was observed in the prescribed limits. It was concluded that laboratory scale CW using natural flora Paspalidium flavidum and bacterial species was efficient in the reduction of different pollution indicators and hence a best option to be modified on pilot‐scale for wastewater treatment in the rural regions of Peshawar.Practitioner Points
Role of retention times on performance of CW were studied.
The commonly existing vegetation was utilized to treat domestic waste water.
Both vegetations and HRT are key ingredients in obtaining high treatment efficiency.
Hierarchies and Universal Inclusion in Scientific Communities
Authors: Stichweh Rudolf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains the genesis of inequalities and hierarchies in modern science. It studies the forms and mechanisms of scientific communication on the basis of which the social structures of science are built: publications, authorship, co- and multiple authorship, citations as units of information and as social rewards, peer review as evaluation of publications (and of projects and careers). This is a network of institutions that seems to guarantee universal access to participation in science to all those who fulfill basic conditions. But the chapter demonstrates how in all these institutional dimensions differences arise between successful and not equally successful participations. Success generates influence and social attractiveness (e.g. as a co-author). Influential and attractive participants are recruited into positions where they assess the achievements of others and thereby limit and control inclusion in publications, funding and careers. Equality at the start is transformed into hierarchies of control. Finally, the chapter asks for potential alternative control structures that transform a conservative hierarchy into decentralized ‘market’ controls that involve everyone in a more dynamic production and evaluation of scientific achievements.
“‘Disciplining’ Educational Research in the Twentieth Century”
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEducational research expanded rapidly in the twentieth century. This expansion drove the interested “amateurs” out of the field; the scientific community of peers became the dominant point of orientation. Authorship and authority became more widely distributed; peer review was institutionalized to monitor the flow of ideas within the scientific literature; reference lists in journals demonstrated the adoption of cumulative ideals about science. The historical analysis of education journals presented in this chapter looks at the social changes which contributed to the ascent of an “imagined” community of expert peers in the course of the twentieth century. This analysis also helps us in imagining ways in which improvements to the present academic evaluative culture can be made.
Performance-Based Evaluation Metrics: Influence at the Macro, Meso, and Micro Level
Authors: Nelhans Gustaf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to critically engage with the performative nature of bibliometric indicators and explores how they influence scholarly practice at the macro, meso, and individual levels. It begins with a comparison between two national performance-based funding systems in Sweden and Norway at the macro level, within universities at the meso level, down to the micro level where individual researchers must relate these incentives to knowledge building within their specialty. I argue that the common-sense “representational model of bibliometric indicators” is questionable in practice, since it cannot capture the qualities of research in any unambiguous way. Furthermore, a performative notion on scientometric indicators needs to be developed that takes into account the variability and uncertainty of the aspects of research that is to be evaluated.
Autofiction, Post-conflict Narratives, and New Memory Cultures
Authors: Dix Hywel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA reaction against the death of the author provided one context in which autofiction started to develop in the 1970s. The rebuttal of the death of the author has been prominent among postcolonial writers, who, because their voices were historically marginalized until the recent past, are unlikely to accept the tacit silencing that theories of the death of the author might imply. Through a discussion of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s depiction of Nigeria’s Biafran War of 1967–1970 in Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) and Justin Cartwright’s reflection on the massacre of Zulus by Boers in 1838 in Up Against the Night (2015), this chapter shows how they use techniques associated with autofiction to contribute to new forms of memory culture in post-conflict societies.
Autofiction and Photography: “The Split of the Mirror”
Authors: Marcus Laura 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the relationships between life writing, memory, and photography and suggests that the incidence of photographs (actual or described) in life-writing texts is most prominent in autofictional works which possess generic hybridity and often represent identity itself in hybrid terms. The chapter explores images of seeing and mirroring in autobiographical texts, focusing first on transsexual life-writings (including works by Virginia Woolf, Jan Morris, Jay Prosser, and Susan Faludi), in which photographs play a complex role in negotiating continuity and change within the life-course, old and new identities. The second part of the essay turns to recent life-writing texts, including the work of Annie Ernaux (who, like many other French writers, makes substantial use of photographs) and the film and cultural theorist Annette Kuhn.
Article 9: The Right Not to Be Separated from Parents
Authors: Whalen Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Travaux Préparatoires insist upon the close nexus between Articles 9, 10, and 11 along with the several other provisions of the UNCRC that protect the close bond between child and parent. This chapter analyses the content of Article 9 in relation to the general principles of Child rights, related provisions in other international human rights treaties and materials, and sets out four main attributes of the right, as a child, to not be separated from one’s parents against one’s will. These four attributes are: (1) no separation from parents unless necessary for the child’s best interests; (2) no separation from one’s parents without due process before competent authorities; (3) the right to maintain relations and personal contact with both parents, if separated; and (4) the right to be informed of the whereabouts of one’s parent or child, if detained.
Article 18: Rights Concerning Parental Responsibility
Authors: Ruggiero Roberta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract‘Governments should help them to do so. For me, States should put in place means to help parents and their children. For example, suppose there are six children in a house with two bedrooms, we should help them move to a social house with six bedrooms. We have to look at all this in relation to the situation of children.’ (Western Europe/Other)