bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Padrón peppers or peppers from Herbón? Discussing the controversial attainment of a geographical indication in light of food (re)localisation approaches
Authors: Boga Rubén , Paül Valerià , Haslam‐McKenzie Fiona 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobally, Padrón peppers are a widely known vegetable. Unknown to most, its origin lies in a small village, Herbón, located on the outskirts of the town of Padrón (Galicia, North‐West Spain). Local farmers have faced serious problems due to competition with producers from elsewhere commercialising peppers as ‘Padron’. In response, local farmers sought to protect the specificities of the place of origin, a claim leading to the achievement of a geographical indication (GI) label in 2009. This initiative has been controversial, as the name of the pepper and the town were appropriated by a private company, and the GI boundaries were disputed by producers across Galicia. In the context of recent theoretical discussions on food studies, this article makes use of a territorial/spatial approach that integrates Anglophone and Francophone literature to develop a transversal explanation of the development of the GI designation. The institutional landscape, the negotiation of the GI specificities of the food, the local food culture and the collective action of farmers are revealed as key issues in its evolution and establishment.
Radiomics in veterinary medicine: Overview, methods, and applications
Authors: Basran Parminder S. , Porter Ian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRadiomics, or quantitative image analysis from radiographic image data, borrows the suffix from other emerging ‐omics fields of study, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This report provides an overview of the general principles of how radiomic features are computed, describes major types of morphological, first order, and texture features, and the applications, challenges, and opportunities of radiomics as applied in veterinary medicine. Some advantages radiomics has over traditional semantic radiological features include standardized methodology in computing semantic features, the ability to compute features in multi‐dimensional images, their newfound associations with genomic and pathological abnormalities, and the number of perceptible and imperceptible features available for regression or classification modeling. Some challenges in deploying radiomics in a clinical setting include sensitivity to image acquisition settings and image artifacts, pre‐ and post‐image reconstruction and calculation settings, variability in feature estimates stemming from inter‐ and intra‐observer contouring errors, and challenges with software and data harmonization and generalizability of findings given the challenges of small sample size and patient selection bias in veterinary medicine. Despite this, radiomics has enormous potential in patient‐centric diagnostics, prognosis, and theragnostics. Fully leveraging the utility of radiomics in veterinary medicine will require inter‐institutional collaborations, data harmonization, and data sharing strategies amongst institutions, transparent and robust model development, and multi‐disciplinary efforts within and outside the veterinary medical imaging community.
The role of artificial intelligence in veterinary radiation oncology
Authors: Leary Del , Basran Parminder S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVeterinary radiation oncology regularly deploys sophisticated contouring, image registration, and treatment planning optimization software for patient care. Over the past decade, advances in computing power and the rapid development of neural networks, open‐source software packages, and data science have been realized and resulted in new research and clinical applications of artificial intelligent (AI) systems in radiation oncology. These technologies differ from conventional software in their level of complexity and ability to learn from representative and local data. We provide clinical and research application examples of AI in human radiation oncology and their potential applications in veterinary medicine throughout the patient's care‐path: from treatment simulation, deformable registration, auto‐segmentation, automated treatment planning and plan selection, quality assurance, adaptive radiotherapy, and outcomes modeling. These technologies have the potential to offer significant time and cost savings in the veterinary setting; however, since the range of usefulness of these technologies have not been well studied nor understood, care must be taken if adopting AI technologies in clinical practice. Over the next several years, some practical and realizable applications of AI in veterinary radiation oncology include automated segmentation of normal tissues and tumor volumes, deformable registration, multi‐criteria plan optimization, and adaptive radiotherapy. Keys in achieving success in adopting AI in veterinary radiation oncology include: establishing “truth‐data”; data harmonization; multi‐institutional data and collaborations; standardized dose reporting and taxonomy; adopting an open access philosophy, data collection and curation; open‐source algorithm development; and transparent and platform‐independent code development.
Increased prevalence of canine echinococcosis a decade after the discontinuation of a governmental deworming program in Tierra del Fuego, Southern Chile
Authors: Eisenman Eric James Lutz , Uhart Marcela Maria , Kusch Alejandro , Vila Alejandro Ruben , Vanstreels Ralph Eric Thijl , Mazet Jonna Ann Keener , Briceño Cristóbal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydatid disease is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by cysts of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Canids, especially domestic dogs, are definitive hosts of the parasite and are the most pragmatic targets for control programs. A governmental dog deworming campaign was established in 1979 to control hydatidosis in southern Chile, which succeeded in reducing the prevalence of canine echinococcosis in Tierra del Fuego province from 68.4% (in 1978) to 1.2% (in 2002). In 2004, however, the program was dismantled to reduce costs, and since then, no follow‐up echinococcosis monitoring has been conducted. We surveyed 356 domestic dogs and interviewed owners or workers at 45 ranches in Chilean Tierra del Fuego during the summer of 2015–2016. Faecal flotation was employed to detect Taeniidae eggs, and PCR was used to test faecal samples for Echinococcus granulosus. Taeniidae eggs and Echinococcus sp. DNA were detected in the faeces of 45.4% (147/324) and 6.9% (23/331) of dogs, respectively. Infrequent dog deworming and the presence of culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) were significant predictors of the prevalence of Echinococcus sp. DNA and Taeniidae eggs. Furthermore, the presence of introduced chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus), the municipality, and several operational characteristics of ranches (number of sheep, frequency of sheep slaughter, number of dogs, frequency of removal of dog faeces, feeding of dogs with sheep viscera) were also predictive of the prevalence of Taeniidae eggs. Our findings reveal an ongoing risk of echinococcosis with pathogen maintenance in ranch dogs in Chilean Tierra del Fuego, and in the absence of adequate control programmes, there is a tangible risk of re‐emergence of hydatid disease as a public health concern.
A NOVEL FLIGHT CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR MODULAR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Say Marc Francis , Chua Alvin , Sybingco Edwin , Roque Maria Antonette , Ambata Leonard , Tan John Amos , Crespo Clarisse , Rivera Reginald , Piquero Jayson 
Published: December 2022

A local flight controller was developed for modular applications based on the Pixhawk 1 flight controller with modifications to accommodate companion computer provision for future integration. This design is made for future modular applications, but for now, the functionality and performance of the local flight controller were tested and compared to the Pixhawk flight controller. A simple 3D printed enclosure was made to house the local flight controller for easier mounting on UAV frames. To compare the performance of the developed controller, two setups were made: local flight controller and Pixhawk 1 on separate quadcopter frames, and local flight controller and Pixhawk Cube on separate fixed-wing frames. The flight controllers made use of the Ardupilot firmware, specifically ArduCopter and ArduPlane in conducting the flight tests. Auto flight mode was used to have autonomous flights which were then used to compare the flight data between test setups. The desired position and actual position were compared for each flight controller, and their differences with the other flight controllers were compared to see the variation between the different controllers used. After analyzing the data, the local flight controller developed was proven able to produce comparable results with the Pixhawk flight controllers. The percent difference between the mean values of the Pixhawk 1 and the local flight controller were 3.7064% and 8.6128% using the quadcopter frame for Position X and Y, respectively, while for the Pixhawk Cube and the local flight controller, the values were 12.6866% and 1.1045% using the fixed-wing frame, respectively.
Requirements for Relief of Overpressure in Vessels Exposed to Fire
Authors: Duggan J. J. , Gilmour C. H. , Fisher P. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pressure-vessel codes and regulations prescribe pressure-relief equipment but do not completely specify the necessary relief capacity to insure safety. Investigations show that the most effective cause of pressure increase is fire exposure as encountered in accidental conflagrations, and tests of the effects of such fire exposure on pressure vessels have been made and analyzed. Part 1 of the paper details these tests and analyzes the results. Parts 2 and 3 develop the necessary formulas to determine the sizes and capacities of the relief connections and apparatus and also present detailed statements of the applications of these formulas to pressure vessels and atmospheric tanks.
Superchargers for Aircraft Engines
Authors: Standerwick R. G. , King W. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This is a comprehensive treatment covering the development of turbosuperchargers, which today are making possible the outstanding performance at high altitudes of United States military aircraft. The basic function of supercharging is to increase the intake-manifold air pressure in an engine, as a result of which the primary objectives are attained of (a) maintaining full (rated) power at altitude; (b) increasing power at sea level; (c) improving fuel economy for cruising. Fundamental design considerations cover the means for accomplishing these ends, with some indication of the power requirements, temperature effects, and the like. Types of superchargers are discussed, and their systems of drives, and then particular attention is devoted to the General Electric turbosupercharger, as used on the Boeing Flying Fortress, Consolidated Liberator bomber, and Lockheed Lightning, and Republic Thunderbolt pursuit ships. Final sections of the paper are concerned with a comparison of various types of superchargers, and the present and future prospects for this most important aircraft-engine auxiliary.
The Differential Shrinkage of Wood
Authors: Greenhill W. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper was prepared originally as discussion of a paper by A. J. Stamm and W. K. Loughborough (1), but because of war conditions was not received until some months after publication of that paper and discussion. The results of shrinkage measurements made with the aid of the microscope on wood samples, consisting of thin radial sections cut entirely from rays, are of such interest that the Wood Industries Division considered their publication advisable. A discussion of the subject paper is also presented by A. J. Stamm and W. K. Loughborough.
Gas Turbines and Turbosuperchargers
Authors: Moss Sanford A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since his university days, the author has been associated with many of the developments relating to the gas turbine and particularly to the perfection of the airplane-engine turbosupercharger. It is from this intimate and interested viewpoint that he outlines the history of the gas turbine and its potential use as a prime mover. A comprehensive Bibliography of the art of gas-turbine design has been included in the paper to support the author’s purpose of outlining the evolution of each component of the modern gas turbine from its earliest inception. United States and foreign gas-turbine research projects are referred to, and then details of advancements in such items as nozzles, compressors, and the like, are discussed. While the gas turbine as a prime mover has not been applied except in isolated cases, such as the Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 4000-kw emergency gas-turbine plant and the Swiss Federal Railway gas-turbine locomotive, partial gas-turbine cycles are in somewhat extensive commercial operation. Examples of these are the Diesel exhaust-gas turbine, the Diesel boiler cycle, the divided-manifold cycle, all of which are mentioned in some detail. The final part of the paper is devoted to consideration of the extremely vital development of the constant-pressure aviation turbosupercharger, which has been brought to its highest state of development by the author’s company, in which work the author has taken a leading role, from its inception in the last war down to its present state of extensive application.
Investigation of Blade Characteristics: Performance and Efficiency of Turbine and Axial-Flow Compressor Stages
Authors: Weske J. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The investigation reported in this paper deals with the flow through blade rows of turbine or axial-flow compressor stages on the basis of airfoil theory. Correlation was established by means of this theory between the aerodynamic characteristics of blade elements and the performance characteristics of the blade row. Test results from a rotating grid of sufficiently low solidity to eliminate interaction of neighboring blades are presented. It was found that the coefficients of lift of blade sections in rotating grids, especially near the hub of the wheel, are higher than might be expected from wind-tunnel tests. Methods of experimental aerodynamic investigation were adapted to the rotating-blade grid for the determination of the profile drag, in an attempt to broaden the basis for a rational determination of the efficiency of turbine and compressor stages.
Fatigue Studies on Urea Assembly Adhesives
Authors: Dietz A. G. H. , Grinsfelder Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Assembly adhesives made of “cold-setting,” urea-formaldehyde, synthetic resins, are employed in the fabrication of wooden aircraft such as gliders and motor-driven airplanes. Adhesives so used are frequently subjected to vibrating loads which induce alternating stresses in the glue; of these shear, in the plane of the glue, and direct tension, perpendicular to the glue line, are the two which are most likely to bring about failure. It is well known that most materials fail under alternating stresses smaller in magnitude than the static stresses required to cause failure, and synthetic-resin assembly adhesives are no exception. Little has been known quantitatively, however, respecting the behavior of such adhesives under alternating stresses.
In this paper are presented the results of researches into the failures to be expected in glue joints of this kind, particularly the nature of the failure, cycles of stress to failure at various amplitudes and stresses, and the probable “fatigue limit” of such an assembly. Tests were carried out at room temperatures on an assembly adhesive representative of those employed in aircraft fabrication.
Theoretical Regenerative-Steam-Cycle Heat Rates
Authors: Selvey A. M. , Knowlton P. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The calculation of heat rates for a theoretical steam cycle with an infinite number of heaters regenerating feedwater to throttle saturation temperature is facilitated by the development of a simple tabular-integration method of computation which takes into account boiler-feed-pump work. A table of theoretical heat rates is presented for throttle-steam conditions, ranging from 300 to 3200 psia, and from saturation temperature to 1200 F, and for an absolute exhaust pressure of 1 in. of mercury. Means are provided for calculating heat rates at other exhaust pressures within the wet-steam region. These heat rates serve two purposes, i.e., (1) as a standard of power-plant performance; and (2), as a first step in estimating regenerative-cycle economy at unfamiliar steam conditions. The derivation of factors necessary to complete economic estimates, however, must await a more favorable opportunity. In the meantime, existing plant records can be made to provide approximate factors as substitutes for those it is hoped will be computed and published later. The economy of using superheated steam, integral moisture extraction, etc., are discussed briefly. An Appendix provides full directions for using or adapting the tabular-integration method for steam-cycle studies.
Controversy Over the Choice of a Medium for Aircraft Power Transmission
Authors: Hayman Richard L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The growth in size and the increase in speed of modern aircraft has created the need for powered operation of many controls, accessories, etc., to supplement the work performed by the crew. The services performed by engine power and remotely transmitted to various parts of the airplane are too numerous to mention here but are tabulated in part in the paper. The choice of a medium for the transmission of this engine power to remote points has provoked one of the most intense controversies of aircraft engineering. In spite of the bitterness of the controversy that has at times prevailed, it has probably proved to be a dominant factor in the improvement of the two major surviving media, namely, hydraulics and electricity. This paper sets forth the cause of the controversy and presents a fair evaluation of each system of power transmission.
The Evolution of the Hydraulic Pump as Applied to Aircraft
Authors: Herman Dale 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Having passed through a period of manual control of auxiliary power functions on earlier aircraft, and later the hand-pump and low-pressure vane- and gear-pump stages, continued demands for higher pressure eventually led to the present-day types of piston pumps which supply necessary power to hydraulic systems of control. The author outlines the basic requirements for well-designed oil-hydraulic equipment including pumps, and then in detail describes the gear pump and the axial-piston pump in both the constant- and variable-delivery designs. Considerations in selecting pumping equipment and the design of the hydraulic circuit are stated.
An Investigation of Radial Rake Angles in Face Milling
Authors: Armitage J. B. , Schmidt A. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The object of this investigation was to determine the effect of negative and positive radial rake angles in milling cutters upon the power required for the cutting action, the tool life of the cutter, the surface finish, and temperature of the workpiece. Tests were conducted with 2-in. face mills which had two brazed carbide tips. All cutters had the same dimensions except for the radial rake angles which included 30 deg, 15 deg, 6 deg positive; 0 deg, 6 deg, 12 deg, 20 deg, and 30 deg negative. The axial rake angle was 0 deg on all of the cutters. Cutting speeds were varied in seven steps between 106 and 785 fpm; different feeds were used with each speed and the depth of cut was constant at 0.125 in. Test bars were made of normalized S.A.E. 1055 hot-rolled stock. This steel was used throughout the investigation except for the tool-life tests in which S.A.E. 1020 was also used. Equipment and procedure used in the tests are discussed and the results illustrated by several graphs. Clearly defined conclusions are drawn from the investigation.
The Influence of Through-Metal on the Heat Loss From Insulated Walls
Authors: Paschkis Victor , Heisler M. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The heat flow through insulation containing “through-metal,” or “thermal short-circuits” has been investigated. The heat flow through such a structure (occurring, for example, in the insulation of ship hulls) can be considerably larger than would be found from adding to the heat flow through the insulation that contributed by the “through-metal,” as if the two were independent. Thus the apparent effectiveness of an insulation can be very much smaller than would be calculated from the thermal conductivity alone. From the many different forms of thermal short-circuits, one specific type has been selected for investigation, i.e., that of metal strips or fins extending through insulation which is covered on its surfaces by sheet metal. General curves are developed and their application explained, from which an “increase factor” for any condition (conductivity and thickness of the insulation, conductivity and thickness of the strips, outside film conductance) can be read. The “increase factor” is defined as the ratio of the heat flow through an actual structure, compared with the flow that would occur if the insulation and heat flow through metal strips were independent of each other. The method of developing these general curves and the basis of the experimental technique used are explained in two Appendixes.
Shear Strength of Glue Joints as Affected by Wood Surfaces and Pressures: Including Data on Glue Penetration Into Wood and Relationship Between Glue Thickness and Shear Strength
Authors: Maxwell J. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The study reviewed in this paper was initiated to determine accurately the pressures and types of surfaces that would insure the strongest glue joints. The prevailing idea that roughing wood prior to gluing has been proved to be faulty. As a result of this study, the author advocates the use of the smoothest type of surface that is practical to produce. Photomicrographs of the various types of glue joints studied are presented and discussed, while graphs and photographs give evidence of the conclusions drawn. A discussion on glue penetration is included, and conclusions are drawn concerning the possibilities of such a situation. A glue-film thickness and shear-strength relationship is also presented, with a brief discussion on the possible nature of adhesion.