bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study for assessing vulnerability to pollution in El Asnam plain, North of Algeria
Authors: Rezig Amina , Marinangeli Lucia , Saggai Sofiane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAssessment of groundwater contamination is an efficient means to discover and carry out the demarcation of the more vulnerable zones to pollution from human activities. This study is focused on the plain of El Asnam (Northern Algeria) characterized by intensive agricultural activities. To protect the groundwater from pollution, it is necessary to determine vulnerable areas. This paper aims to generate groundwater vulnerability map using two models: DRASTIC and Susceptibility Index (SI) associated with the geographic information system (GIS) of El Asnam plain aquifer. The validation of these models to pollution was performed by comparing the nitrate distribution across the area with the classes of vulnerability and has proved that the SI model is the more valid one with 50% of the study area. Considering these results, the SI model may serve as an effective means to help the protection of groundwater and can eventually be used by decision makers and groundwater managers.
Equilibrium simulation and driving factors of dissolved oxygen in a shallow eutrophic Inner Mongolian lake (UL) during open-water period
Authors: Zhang Fan , Shi Xiaohong , Zhao Shengnan , Arvola Lauri , Huotari Jussi , Hao Ruonan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A water quality monitoring buoy installed in the center of the eutrophic shallow lake Ulansuhai was used to explore the dissolved oxygen (DO) balance. A revised DO model for shallow eutrophic lakes was applied to identify trends in the lake's DO content during the non-frozen period and determine the equilibrium relationship of DO in the water body. The coefficient of determination and the Nash efficiency of the model proved the feasibility of the model. The main drivers affecting the DO balance of the lake were photosynthesis, aeration and the lateral movements of oxygen-rich water, which accounted for 49.28, 14.72 and 36%, respectively, whereas respiration and sediment oxygen consumption, on the other hand, accounted for 1.56 and 98.44%, respectively. These findings suggest that photosynthesis and sediment oxygen consumption dominate the DO balance in eutrophic shallow lakes. A trend analysis of the average oxygen production and consumption rates indicated a maximum of 0.22 mg/L·h for photosynthesis and 0.20 mg/L·h for sediment oxygen consumption. A correlation analysis showed that water temperature was involved in changing the DO level of the lake mainly by affecting the oxygen consumption process.
Nutraceuticals and Oral Supplements in Cancer Prevention: A Narrative
Review
Authors: De Pergola Giovanni , Marucci Simonetta , Corbo Filomena , Almerighi Guido , Cerutti Nadia , Triggiani Vincenzo , De Vito Danila , Castellana Fabio , Zupo Roberta 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Epidemiological studies have shown that food is a compelling means of
maintaining a state of well-being and preventing diseases. Many malignant diseases are related to
nutrition, and the nutrient-organism interaction could define the balance between health and
disease. Nutrients and dietary components influence epigenetic phenomena and modify drug
response so that food-organism interactions may influence individual predisposition to disease and
its potential therapeutic response.

Aims:
In this review, we highlighted emerging opinions and data on a large cluster of
nutraceuticals, as well as functional foods and specific dietary patterns, with respect to cancer,
including breast, pancreas, prostate, and colorectal. Only those nutraceuticals and nutritional
supplements yielding sufficient and convincing data have been reported in this review; molecules
with inconclusive clinical evidence will not be discussed.

Conclusions:
Growing and accumulating evidence is validating the use of nutraceuticals in cancer
settings. However, a knowledge gap remains in terms of causal evidence for several compounds
where a window for further clinical studies is left.
Clinical Outcomes of Toric Implantable Collamer Lens (T-ICL) and Toric Implantable Phakic Contact Lens (IPCL) for High Myopia with Astigmatism: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Salah El-Din , AttaAllah Heba Radi 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Our study aimed to compare the clinical, visual outcomes, and efficacy of toric Implantable Collamer Lens (T-ICL) and toric implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) in patients with high myopia and astigmatism over a follow-up period of 6 months.

Methods:
A prospective interventional randomized comparative study included 60 myopic eyes divided into 2 groups, group A including 30 eyes that were implanted with T-ICL, and group B, including 30 eyes that were implanted with toric IPCL. The refractive results, visual acuity, central corneal endothelial cell count, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 6 months post-surgery. Any complications either during or after surgery were assessed.

Results:
In both study groups, the mean central corneal endothelial cell count was significantly decreased after 1 month and improved to reach near pre-operative values after 6 months postoperatively, indicating good lens biocompatibility. A statistically significant increase in IOP was found in both groups during the early follow-up, and a significant decrease after 6 months postoperatively (p=0.036) was reported in group A. A significant reduction in both spherical and cylindrical refractive errors with good predictability was reported in both groups compared with pre-operative values. Regarding the predictability, In T-ICL group (A), the median spherical and cylindrical errors were significantly improved from (-10 D & -4.5 D) pre-operatively to (-0.3 D & - 0.3 D) at the end of 6 months follow up period. Similarly, in the toric IPCL group (B), the median spherical and cylindrical errors were significantly improved from (-11 D & -4.5 D) pre-operatively to (-0.3 D & - 0.3 D) by the end of follow up period. A statistically significant improvement of UCDVA at 6 months postoperatively was found in both groups, as median preoperative LogMAR UCDVA was 1.1 and 1.3 in groups A and B respectively, which was improved to 0.3 in both groups at the end of follow-up period. There were no reported intra- or postoperative complications such as cataract, keratitis, or lens decentration.

Conclusion:
Toric IPCL is a suitable alternative to T-ICL for the management of high myopia with astigmatism, especially in developing countries, as it is cheaper and easier to implant than T-ICL. However, data over longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm its safety and stability.
Effects of Substance Use, Recovery, and Non–Drug-Related Online Community Participation on the Risk of a Use Episode During Remission From Opioid Use Disorder: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Naserianhanzaei Elahe , Koschate-Reis Miriam 
Published: May 2022

Background
Opioid addiction is currently one of the most pressing public health issues. Despite several treatment options for opioid addiction, the recurrence of use episodes during remission remains high. Research indicates that meaningful membership in various social groups underpins the successful transition from addiction to long-term remission. However, much of the current literature focuses on online peer-support groups for individuals in remission from substance use, sometimes also called recovery groups, a term we will use in line with the terminology used by the online community we studied. In contrast, online group memberships that promote substance use and groups that are unrelated to substance use and remission (non–drug-related groups) are rarely studied.

Objective
This study aims to understand whether engagement with a variety of Reddit subforums (subreddits) provides those in remission from opioid use disorder (OUD) with social capital, thereby reducing their risk of a use episode over several years. More specifically, it aims to examine the different effects of engagement with substance use, recovery, and non–drug-related subreddits.

Methods
A data set of 457 individuals in remission from OUD who posted their remission start date on Reddit was collected, of whom 219 (47.9%) indicated at least one use episode during the remission period. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, the effects of the number of non–drug-related, recovery, and substance use subreddits an individual had engaged with on the risk of a use episode were tested. Group engagement was assessed both in terms of the absolute number of subreddits and as a proportion of the total number of subreddits in which an individual had posted.

Results
Engagement with a larger number of non–drug-related online communities reduced the likelihood of a use episode irrespective of the number of posts and comments made in these forums. This was true for both the absolute number of non–drug-related communities (P<.001) and the proportion of communities with which a person engaged (P<.001). The findings were less conclusive for recovery support and substance use groups; although participating in more recovery support subreddits reduced the risk of a use episode (P<.001), being part of a higher proportion of recovery support groups relative to other subreddits increased the risk (P=.01). A higher proportion of substance use subreddits marginally increased the risk of a use episode (P=.06); however, the absolute number of substance use subreddits significantly reduced the risk of a use episode (P=.002).

Conclusions
Our work indicates that even minimal regular engagement with several non–drug-related online forums may provide those in remission from OUD with an opportunity to grow their social capital and reduce the risk of a use episode over several years.
10-LB: Psychosocial Impact of Severe Hypoglycemia and Perceptions of Nasal Glucagon in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: KELLY CAITLIN S. , NGUYEN HUYEN , LUO WEIXIU , CHAPMAN KATHERINE S.M. , POON JIAT LING , BAKER LEVENIA A. , WOLF WENDY , PEREZ-NIEVES MAGALY , MITCHELL BETH 
Published: May 2022

Experiences of a severe hypoglycemic event (SHE) , although infrequent occurrences, may interfere with engaging in social activities and increase distress. Previous work in parents suggests having nasal glucagon (NG) - a ready-to-use rescue agent for SHE - alleviates some of these psychosocial concerns. To examine whether young adults also perceived psychosocial benefits from NG, we recruited individuals aged 18-26 with T1D for an online survey. Participants rated the perceived impact of possible SHEs on fully engaging in social activities and distress (‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’) and perceived changes since starting NG (‘worsened a great deal’ to ‘improved a great deal’) . Participants then answered questions about preparedness and protection using a validated measure to compare perceptions of NG to a glucagon kit requiring reconstitution. The final sample included 364 young adults (Meanage = 21.6 years; 73.6% female; MeanHbA1c = 7.1%) . Roughly one third of participants (35.4%) agreed/strongly agreed that possible SHEs limited their engagement in social activities. Most participants (63.7%) agreed/strongly agreed that treating a SHE was distressing. Since having NG, 30.9% of participants reported their freedom to engage in social activities improved/greatly improved and 67.4% reported no change. Of those who reported some amount of distress about SHEs (n = 326) , 49.7% reported their distress improved/greatly improved (i.e., reduced) and 48.8% of participants reported no change. Participants reported greater positive perceptions of Preparedness/Protection with NG (Median = 5.9, IQR = 5.1-6.3) compared to the glucagon kit requiring reconstitution (Median = 4, IQR = 3-4.9) as analyzed with a Wilcoxon signed rank test (p &lt; .001) . Our results suggest that NG may provide meaningful psychosocial benefits for young adults, which could be especially important as they navigate this transitional age for diabetes management.

Disclosure
C. S. Kelly: None. H. Nguyen: None. W. Luo: Other Relationship; Lilly, Sanofi. K. S. M. Chapman: None. J. Poon: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. L. A. Baker: None. W. Wolf: None. M. Perez-Nieves: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. B. Mitchell: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company.

Funding
Eli Lilly and Company
1005-P: A Multimodel Model Predictive Controller Can Improve Glucose Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: PALISAITIS EMILIE , JONES RICHARD , KATZ MICHELLE , WOLPERT HOWARD , FATHI ANAS EL , HAIDAR AHMAD , VON OETTINGEN JULIA E. , LEGAULT LAURENT 
Published: May 2022

Background: Many youth with type 1 diabetes do not achieve glycemic targets motivating the development of new therapeutic options for this population. We tested an automated insulin delivery system (AID) that uses a multi-model model predictive controller in children with T1D.
Methods: We conducted a 40-hour free-living clinical trial to assess our automated insulin delivery algorithm in children aged 7-13 years old with T1D (mean age 10.5±2.0 years, HbA1c 7.9±0.7%, duration of T1D 5.2±2.8 years) . Participants underwent a 7-day run-in period on sensor-augmented pump therapy followed by two 40-hour intervention periods composed of four hours of open-loop and 36 hours of AID use. Controller settings were identical in both intervention periods. Mean time-in-ranges were compared by paired T-test.
Results: Time in target (3.9-10mmol/L) and time in hyperglycemia (&gt;10mmol/L) improved during intervention periods vs. run-in (52.2% vs. 65.6%; p&lt;0.and 45.1% vs. 30.8%; p=0.respectively) while time in hypoglycemia (&lt;3.9mmol/L) during intervention periods was unchanged from the run-in (1.8 vs. 2.0%, p=0.96) .
Conclusion: Early results suggest our advanced model predictive controller improves glucose control in a 7-13-year-old population with T1D. Larger and longer trials are warranted.

Disclosure
E.Palisaitis: Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company. R.Jones: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. M.Katz: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. H.Wolpert: Employee; Lilly Diabetes. A.El fathi: Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company. A.Haidar: Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; ADOCIA, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. J.E.Von oettingen: None. L.Legault: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Insulet Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc.

Funding
Eli Lilly
1011-P: School-Day Routines Positively Impact Time in Range for Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: MARCH CHRISTINE , LUTZ JAMES K. , JEONG KWONHO , SIMINERIO LINDA M. , ROTHENBERGER SCOTT D. , MILLER ELIZABETH , LIBMAN INGRID 
Published: May 2022

The impact of school day routines on glycemic control in children is unclear. We compared continuous glucose monitor (CGM) metrics for youth with type 1 diabetes during weekday school hours (8AM-3PM) between two 4-week periods before and during the COVID-pandemic, when children had transitioned to virtual school. Youth with &gt;70% CGM wear (n=209) were included; 46% male, mean±SD age 10.6±1.5 years, hemoglobin A1c 7.5±0.8%, 64% on insulin pumps. Time in range (TIR, 80-180 mg/dL) was similar during the pandemic (51.6±24.1%) compared to pre-pandemic (50.8±23.3%) . Using random coefficient multilevel linear mixed models, younger age (p=0.025) and pump use (p=0.043) predicted TIR, but not race (p=0.76) , diabetes duration (p=0.07) , body mass index (p=0.54) , or insurance status (p=0.45) . TIR pre- vs. during the pandemic varied significantly by time of day (p&lt;0.001) . With in-person school pre-pandemic, TIR increased over school hours; with virtual school during the pandemic, TIR decreased in the morning and then remained steady (Figure) . Time above range (TAR, &gt;180 mg/dL) had the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that in-person school can contribute to better TIR and lower TAR. Possible explanations include classroom and physical activity routines, plus school nurse support. During virtual school, continued routines are important and interventions to optimize diabetes care in school may benefit glycemic control.

Disclosure
C.March: None. J.K.Lutz: None. K.Jeong: None. L.M.Siminerio: Advisory Panel; Abbott, Bayer AG, Research Support; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sanofi. S.D.Rothenberger: None. E.Miller: Other Relationship; Wolters Kluwer Health. I.Libman: Consultant; Novo Nordisk.

Funding
ISPAD-JDRF Fellowship Award UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Cochrane Weber Endowment
1024-P: Identification of Sex-Specific Cytokine and Viral Infection Profiles in Type 1 Diabetes Patients
Authors: GIRDHAR KHYATI , PINA ALEJANDRA , MOMIROV JELENA , ATKINSON MARK A. , LADNER JASON , ALTINDIS EMRAH 
Published: May 2022

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of beta cells. Because both viral infections and cytokines are suggested to play a role in T1D pathogenesis, we analyzed the viral infection and cytokine profiles of T1D patients compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls. The median age in years of T1D patients was 16.9 ± 1.14 (mean ± SEM) and 17.88 ± 0.78 for the healthy subjects. The disease duration in years was 8 ± 1.1 (n=25, 13 females, 12 males) . We first assessed the viral infection history using a PepSeq-based highly multiplexed serological assay. This assay covers the full proteomes of human viruses and determines serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) reactivity to 30mer viral peptides. We showed that enterovirus (EV) seropositivity were distinct between the two groups, with more EV-C and EV-D positives in the T1D samples and more EV-A and EV-B positives in the controls. The trends for the viruses showing higher seropositivity were primarily driven by the female patients. To determine the cytokine profiles, we measured the serum levels of 48 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Interestingly, we only observed significant sex-specific differences. For example, anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) , IL-13, IL-22, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17E and tumor necrosis factor-β were significantly lower in female patients as compared to female controls. Male patients had increased levels of epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor compared to healthy males. IL-22 was unique, unlike the decrease in female patients, it increased in the male patients compared to healthy males. Altogether, we identified sex-dependent alterations in the cytokine profiles and observed a difference in EV exposure profiles between T1D patients and healthy subjects. Determining sex-specific cytokine profiles and the potential role of viral infections in T1D pathogenesis will help us to gain deeper insight into the pathogenesis of the disease.

Disclosure
K.Girdhar: n/a. A.Pina: None. J.Momirov: None. M.A.Atkinson: None. J.Ladner: None. E.Altindis: None.

Funding
NIH NIDDK 1K01DK117967-G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Foundation grants to EA
1032-P: Improving CGM Uptake in Minority Youth and Youth with Poorly Controlled T1D
Authors: LIN TYGER L. , MANFREDO JACQUELYN A. , ILLESCA NICOLE , ABIOLA KAI , HWANG NEARRY , SEEL MAUREEN , BROWN ELIZABETH A. , WOLF RISA M. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic control for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) . Despite these benefits, less than half of youth with T1D use CGM.
Objective: To determine if trial CGM use (10-days) increases CGM uptake and is associated with improved glycemic control among minority youth and youth with poorly controlled T1D. We also examined barriers to CGM use.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at an academic Pediatric Diabetes Center. Youth with T1D for more than 3 months, with no previous CGM usage, or no CGM usage in the last year were enrolled. Diabetes staff placed CGM at the point of care (POC) and provided CGM education. Barriers to prior CGM use, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) , and demographic information were recorded. Participants received 5 and 10-day follow up calls from the diabetes team to review glycemic trends. At 3 months, participants' use of CGM and HbA1c were recorded.
Results: Youth with T1D (n=22) were enrolled (13 first time CGM users, 9 past users) , mean age 14.1years (SD 3.1) , 41% non-Hispanic black, 68% female, mean diabetes duration 6.3 ± 4.4years, and baseline mean HbA1c of 10.8%. Patient-cited barriers to prior CGM use included technical difficulties (n=5) , unawareness of CGM (n=4) , difficulty obtaining CGM (n=4) , general apprehension (n=3) , not wanting devices (n=3) , and pain, fear of needles, and new diabetes diagnosis (n=1 each) . Of participants, 20 completed some follow-up, and 18/20 (90%) cited wanting to use CGM long-term. Of 13 participants who completed 3 and/or 6-month follow-up visits, only 9 were actively using CGM. Further barriers to use included insurance issues (n=2) and CGM falling off (n=1) . There was no change in mean HbA1c from baseline to follow-up (10.8 ±2.4% vs. 10.3 ±2.3%, p=0.46) .
Conclusion: There are many barriers to CGM uptake in youth. Providing a trial use of CGM at the POC may increase uptake of CGM use in at-risk diabetes populations, but further investigation of additional barriers that impact long-term adherence to CGM is needed.

Disclosure
T.L.Lin: None. J.A.Manfredo: None. N.Illesca: None. K.Abiola: None. N.Hwang: None. M.Seel: None. E.A.Brown: None. R.M.Wolf: Consultant; NEMA Research, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc.

Funding
Johns Hopkins Children's Center Innovation Award, and Dexcom
1039-P: Association of GDM Risk Factors with Glucose at Diagnosis and Treatment in Sweden
Authors: FADL HELENA E. , PATIL SNEHAL , WIKSTRÖM ANNA-KARIN , JANSSON STEFAN P. , SENGPIEL VERENA , BERNTORP KERSTIN , RYEN LINDA , AHLSSON FREDRIK , LINDHOLM ELISABETH S. , STREVENS HELENA , WENNERHOLM ULLA-BRITT , PERSSON MARTINA , DE BRUN MARYAM , MONTGOMERY SCOTT , SIMMONS DAVID 
Published: May 2022

Background: The screening strategy in Sweden for GDM is mainly based on random plasma glucose measurements combined with presence of risk factors (previous GDM or LGA (large for gestational age) /macrosomia, obesity, heredity, accelerated growth or polyhydramnios) . The association of risk factors with mean levels of glucose in the diagnostic OGTT in different populations is unclear.
Method/Material: Data from Changing Diagnostic Criteria for GDM in Sweden (CDC4G) - a stepped wedge randomised RCT (ISRCTN41918550) where centers during 2018 were randomized to switch to new IADPSG criteria for GDM every month. All pregnant women underwent a venous OGTT during 2018. Mean glucose values by risk factor are presented with 95% CI, significant p value &lt;0. (marked bold in the table) .
Results: Of 53 124 pregnancies 69 (13.0%) underwent venous OGTT. Either metformin or Insulin was used in 11% before the diagnostic criteria switch and 18.8% after the switch. Metformin only was used in 9.7% before and in 16.4% after randomization to new criteria.
Conclusions: BMI≥35 or Previous LGA/macrosomia were associated with a higher fasting glucose value in OGTT, but previous GDM, accelerated growth and high random blood glucose were statistically significantly associated with higher glucose values in all measurements in the diagnostic OGTT. Women with previous GDM had the highest proportion treated with either insulin and/or metformin

Disclosure
H.E.Fadl: None. H.Strevens: None. U.Wennerholm: None. M.Persson: None. M.De brun: None. S.Montgomery: None. D.Simmons: Other Relationship; Elsevier, Research Support; Abbott, Hitachi, Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi. S.Patil: None. A.Wikström: None. S.P.Jansson: None. V.Sengpiel: None. K.Berntorp: None. L.Ryen: None. F.Ahlsson: None. E.S.Lindholm: None.

Funding
Swedish Research Council (2018-00470)