bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Southern Carpathian ultramafic grasslands within the central-southeast European context: syntaxonomic classification and overall eco-coenotic patterns
Authors: Coldea Gheorghe , Gafta Dan , Negrean Gavril , Stoica Adrian Ilie , Hurdu Bogdan-Iuliu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous investigations carried out in ultramafic habitats emphasized the greater importance of site conditions over soil toxic metal content for vegetation composition. Very little is known about the floristic structure of the Southern Carpathian ultramafic grasslands and there is no information on the local environmental drivers of their composition and coenotic features. Here, we aim to fill these knowledge gaps by referring to similar phytocoenoses described in the Balkan Peninsula and central Europe. In particular, we searched for: (i) floristic and ecological patterns supporting the classification and taxonomic assignment of these grasslands, and (ii) simple relationships between serpentine vegetation characteristics and its physiographic environment. A total of 120 phytosociological relevés, of which 52 performed in the Southern Carpathians, were analysed through cluster, ordination and regression procedures.

Results
Despite some floristic similarities with their Balkan counterparts, the Southern Carpathian ultramafic grasslands were clustered into four distinct groups, which were assigned to as many new syntaxa: Plantago serpentinae–Armerietum halleri, Asplenio serpentini–Achnatheretum calamagrostis, Minuartio frutescentis–Plantaginetum holostei and Sileno saxifragae–Plantaginetum holostei. The latter was best individualised through the occurrence of several Carpathian endemic taxa. The first two ordination axes were significantly related with the terrain slope/presence of xerophilous species and respectively, with site elevation/presence of calcifugous species. The total plant cover showed a unimodal relationship with respect to site elevation. While controlling for the effect of the sampled area, species richness showed a unimodal response to both elevation and slope of the terrain, although their effects were not singular.

Conclusions
The syntaxonomic distinctiveness of the Southern Carpathian ultramafic grasslands is mainly supported by their overall species composition rather than regional differential species. The main limiting factors driving the composition, cover and species richness of all studied ultramafic grasslands are the water deficit at low elevation and on steep slopes, and the low soil fertility at higher elevations. Our results confirm the previous findings according to which physiographic conditions and, to a lesser extent, soil base nutrients are more important than heavy metal concentrations in structuring the ultramafic vegetation.
Adherence to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes: a combined method approach
Authors: Syafhan Nadia Farhanah , Donnelly Rosemary , Harper Roy , Harding Janet , Mulligan Ciara , Hogg Anita , Scott Michael , Fleming Glenda , Scullin Claire , Hawwa Ahmed F. , Chen Gaoyun , Parsons Carole , McElnay James C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Medication adherence, one of the most important aspects in the process of optimal medicines use, is unfortunately still a major challenge in modern healthcare, and further research is required into how adherence can be assessed and optimised. The aim of this study was to use a combined method approach of self-report and dried blood spot (DBS) sampling coupled with population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modelling, to assess adherence to metformin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Further aims were to assess metformin exposure levels in patients, determine factors associated with non-adherence with prescribed metformin, and to explore the relationship between adherence and therapeutic outcomes.

Methods
A combined method approach was used to evaluate metformin adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes who had been prescribed metformin for a minimum period of 6 months. Patients were recruited from consultant-led diabetic outpatient clinics at three hospitals in Northern Ireland, UK. Data collection involved self-reported questionnaires [Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS), Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire and Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale], direct measurement of metformin concentration in DBS samples, and researcher-led patient interviews. The DBS sampling approach was coupled with population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modelling, which took account of patient characteristics, metformin dosage and type of formulation prescribed (immediate or sustained release).

Results
The proportion of patients considered to be adherent to their prescribed metformin, derived from self-reported MARS scores and metformin concentration in DBS samples, was 61.2% (74 out of 121 patients). The majority (n = 103, 85.1%) of recruited patients had metformin exposure levels that fell within the therapeutic range. However, 17 patients (14.1%) had low exposure to metformin and one patient (0.8%) had undetectable metformin level in their blood sample (non-exposure). Metformin self-administration and use of a purchased adherence pill box significantly increased the probability of a patient being classified as adherent based on logistic regression analysis. Both HbA1c and random glucose levels (representing poor glycaemic control) in the present research were, however, not statistically linked to non-adherence to metformin (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
A significant proportion of participating patients were not fully adherent with their therapy. DBS sampling together with the use of a published PopPK model was a useful, novel, direct, objective approach to estimate levels of adherence in adult patients with type 2 diabetes (61.2%).
An exploratory study of STEM teachers’ mentorship networks
Authors: Alemdar Meltem , Cappelli Christopher J. , Gale Jessica , Boice Katherine L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The Noyce Scholarship Program was created to attract and retain science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers in high-need schools. Teacher support networks, and specifically mentorship support, have been linked to increased retention of high-quality teachers in the classroom. Using a sample of Noyce teachers, we used a multilevel model to explore how the characteristics and composition of novice teachers’ support networks are related to the likelihood that they receive mentorship support, and further, how characteristics common among Noyce programs are related to mentorship support.

Results
Findings suggest that the characteristics and composition of a teacher’s network, as well as certain Noyce program characteristics, contribute to the likelihood that teachers receive mentorship support from their larger support network.

Implications
The results of this study highlight the importance of considering how the design of teacher preparation programs may contribute to continued mentorship support for early career teachers, and ultimately, their retention in the classroom.
Evaluation of cloud and precipitation processes in regional and global models with ULTIMATE (ULTra-sIte for Measuring Atmosphere of Tokyo metropolitan Environment): a case study using the dual-polarization Doppler weather radars
Authors: Satoh Masaki , Matsugishi Shuhei , Roh Woosub , Ikuta Yasutaka , Kuba Naomi , Seiki Tatsuya , Hashino Tempei , Okamoto Hajime 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe describe a collaborative analysis study involving numerical models and observation data for the Tokyo metropolitan area called the ULTra-sIte for Measuring Atmosphere of Tokyo Metropolitan Environment (ULTIMATE) project. It evaluates cloud microphysics schemes of numerical models using extensive observation data for the Tokyo area. We have access to various remote sensing and in situ data for the Tokyo area for operational and research purposes, particularly by enhancing observations for ground validation of the EarthCARE satellite, which is set to launch in 2023. This study focuses on using the dual-polarization Doppler weather radar, operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. In terms of numerical models, we use and compare multi-models with single-moment (SM) and double-moment (DM) cloud microphysics schemes; the global non-hydrostatic model, Non-hydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) and the two regional models with A System based on a Unified Concept for Atmosphere (ASUCA) and Scalable Computing for Advanced Library and Environment (SCALE) are used. In particular, because NICAM can be used as both a global and a regional model, we can immediately test the improved scheme on a global scale for its effect on climatology and the evaluation of climate sensitivity. This paper introduces the methodology for evaluating numerical models by the dual-polarization radar using the observation simulator and compares numerical model results with observations. In particular, we evaluate the simulated rain in the lower level near the ground and the large ice particles just above the melting level. The simulation with NICAM-DM reproduces the comparable polarimetric radar characteristics of rain as the observation. However, the simulations with NICAM-SM and ASUCA-SM show larger raindrop sizes in stronger rain areas compared to the observation. For the larger ice particles just above the melting level around 4 km, NICAM-DM and ASUCA-SM overestimate particle sizes of graupel or snow, while NICAM-SM has a similar size of the ice particles. In future studies, we will use the present results to improve the cloud microphysics scheme, which will be tested on a global model.
Dietary patterns and childhood stunting in Zimbabwe
Authors: Marume Anesu , Archary Moherndran , Mahomed Saajida 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Diet is one important predictor of children’s growth, and often dietary interventions can assist with reversing adverse nutrition outcomes. Traditionally research has focused on individual food items or food classes to generate an understanding of disease risk. Dietary patterns provide a holistic approach to understanding the relationship between exposure and outcome.

Method
A matched case-control study was conducted. Caregivers of 450 children (225 cases, 225 controls) aged 6–59 months were asked to describe the diet their children had consumed in the previous 7 days using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were developed using factor analysis and regression analysis was conducted to assess which dietary pattern was associated with childhood stunting.

Results
Three dietary patterns were identified: modern (n = 181), low animal-source (n = 158), and traditional (n = 111). Children with the low animal source dietary pattern had increased odds of being stunted (AOR 1.03, p < 0.05). Three demographic factors (Child’s age, father’s age and having a sibling < 24 months apart) were identified as significant predictors of consumption of any of the traditional and low animal source diet (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Nutrition intervention such as health education, counselling and supplementary feeding should include a holistic approach to dietary education not only focusing on promoting a balanced diet but improvement strengthening the upgrading of child’s dietary pattern taking into cognisant both quantity, and quality of nutrients provided to the child.
The majority oppressed? On asymmetrical multiculturalism and majority rights
Authors: de Waal Tamar , Duyvendak Jan Willem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere has been an increase of academic publications that argue in favor of ‘majority rights,’ ‘majority precedence,’ or ‘white identity,’ claiming that the (cultural) interests of majorities in liberal-democratic countries have been ignored due to ‘asymmetrical multiculturalism.’ This article critically examines this academic trend. In particular, we question the claim that liberal-democratic and multicultural theories to date have ignored the importance of the majority (culture). We observe that liberal-democratic and multicultural theory in fact strongly promote and privilege the majority culture, although in ways that do not violate core individual rights and accommodate minorities. In addition, we explore several more empirical issues regarding the claim that the interests of majorities are under threat in liberal-democratic countries today. Among other things, we observe that pro-majority theories tend to work with specific understandings of who embodies the majority. These theories rest on the idea that immigrants and their descendants (may) ‘dilute’ majorities, as they are (culturally) ‘not native.’ As a result, majority rights theorists ‘freeze’ the majority culture claimed to be worth protecting in ways that it, first, neglects ongoing processes of integration and, second, disregards possibilities for social and political change and emancipation, particularly if triggered by immigrant groups. Finally, we wonder why majority rights theories currently seem to resonate. We discuss the possibility that certain pro-diversity voices, such as those who claim that Europe has become superdiverse or who defend multiculturalism, might have (unintentionally) enabled alarmist defenses of majority rights.
Anesthetic management using high-flow nasal cannula therapy during cardiac catheter examination of a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Ito Yoshiaki , Yamashita Tomonori , Tachibana Kazuya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Sedation during cardiac catheter examination in neonates with complex congenital heart disease is challenging, as even the slightest change in the circulatory or respiratory status can lead to hemodynamic collapse. Here, we report a case wherein we achieved adequate sedation with a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for catheter examination in a neonate with a congenital cardiac anomaly.

Case presentation
An 11-day-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome was scheduled for a cardiac catheter examination prior to the Norwood procedure. He underwent bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) on day 1 and was receiving dobutamine, milrinone, alprostadil, and dexmedetomidine in addition to air and nitrogen insufflation via HFNC, which was applied following extubation on day 3 and nitrogen therapy on day 6 owing to persistent pulmonary overcirculation symptoms (tachypnea and low arterial blood pressure) despite bilateral PAB. A catheter examination was performed on day 11 with careful monitoring of expired carbon dioxide and observation of chest wall motion. Adequate sedation was provided with supplemental midazolam and fentanyl along with HFNC without tracheal intubation.

Conclusions
The findings from this case suggest that HFNC is a safe and effective tool for oxygenation during cardiac catheter examination under sedation in neonates.
Italian grandparenthood within the European context: an introduction
Authors: Glaser Karen F. , Albertini Marco , Arpino Bruno , Tomassini Cecilia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis thematic collection seeks to reflect and push forward the current state of the art in the study of grandparenthood and grandparenting in Italy in a comparative European perspective. Starting from the demography of grandparenthood, intergenerational transfers, contacts and living proximity between grandparents, parents and children and the characteristics of such exchanges are analysed. Furthermore, the consequences of grandparenting and especially of grandchild care provision in terms of fertility behaviour and work participation and well-being are investigated. The research articles aim to shed light on the complexity of factors which shape the effects of grandparents’ availability and the behaviour and well-being of each of the three generations involved.
Verifying unfamiliar identities: Effects of processing name and face information in the same identity-matching task
Authors: Trinh Anita , Dunn James D. , White David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMatching the identity of unfamiliar faces is important in applied identity verification tasks, for example when verifying photo ID at border crossings, in secure access areas, or when issuing identity credentials. In these settings, other biographical details—such as name or date of birth on an identity document—are also often compared to existing records, but the impact of these concurrent checks on decisions has not been examined. Here, we asked participants to sequentially compare name, then face information between an ID card and digital records to detect errors. Across four experiments (combined n = 274), despite being told that mismatches between written name pairs and face image pairs were independent, participants were more likely to say that face images matched when names also matched. Across all experiments, we found that this bias was unaffected by the image quality, suggesting that the source of the bias is somewhat independent of perceptual processes. In a final experiment, we show that this decisional bias was found only for name checks, but not when participants were asked to check ID card expiration dates or unrelated object names. We conclude that the bias arises from processing identity information and propose that it operates at the level of unfamiliar person identity representations. Results are interpreted in the context of theoretical models of face processing, and we discuss applied implications.
Association between VTE and antibiotic prophylaxis guideline compliance and patient-reported outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty: an observational study
Authors: Badge Helen , Churches Tim , Naylor Justine M. , Xuan Wei , Armstrong Elizabeth , Gray Leeanne , Fletcher John , Gosbell Iain , Christine Lin Chung-Wei , Harris Ian A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgical site infection (SSI) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are associated with high burden and cost and are considered largely preventable following total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA, THA). The risk of developing VTE and SSI is reduced when prophylaxis is compliant with evidence-based clinical guidelines. However, the association between VTE and antibiotic prophylaxis clinical guideline compliance and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after THA/TKA is unknown. This study aims to explore whether care that is non-compliant with VTE and antibiotic guideline recommendations is associated with PROMs (Oxford Hip/Knee Score and EQ-5D Index scores) at 90- and 365-days after surgery.

Methods
This prospective observational study included high-volume arthroplasty public and private sites and consenting eligible participants undergoing elective primary THA/TKA. We conducted multiple linear regression and linear mixed-effects modelling to explore the associations between non-compliance with VTE and antibiotic guidelines, and PROMs.

Results
The sample included 1838 participants. Compliance with VTE and antibiotic guidelines was 35% and 13.2% respectively. In adjusted modelling, non-compliance with VTE guidelines was not associated with 90-day Oxford score (β = − 0.54, standard error [SE] = 0.34, p = 0.112) but was significantly associated with lower (worse) 365-day Oxford score (β = − 0.76, SE = 0.29, p = 0.009), lower EQ-5D Index scores at 90- (β = − 0.02 SE = 0.008, p = 0.011) and 365-days (β = − 0.03, SE = 0.008, p = 0.002).. The changes in Oxford and EQ-5D Index scores were not clinically important. Noncompliance with antibiotic guidelines was not associated with either PROM at 90- (Oxford: β = − 0.45, standard error [SE] = 0.47, p = 0.341; EQ-5D: β = − 0.001, SE = 0.011, p = 0.891) or 365-days (Oxford score: β = − 0.06, SE = 0.41, p = 0.880 EQ-5D: β = − 0.010, SE = 0.012, p = 0.383). Results were consistent when complications were included in the model and in linear mixed-effects modelling with the insurance sector as a random effect.

Conclusions
Non-compliance with VTE prophylaxis guidelines, but not antibiotic guidelines, is associated with statistically significant but not clinically meaningful differences in Oxford scores and EQ-5D Index scores at 365 days.
Variations induced by body weight and background lesion normalization in standardized uptake value estimated by F18-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Badawe Eman M. , Abdel Gawad Hesham , El-Nagdy Mohamed S. , Khalil Magdy M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim
This work aims to study the impact of different SUV variants in terms of mean and maximum measures as well as various normalization methods with respect to body weight, body mass index, body surface area, and lean body mass in patients with lymphoma.

Methods
Sixty-nine patients (34 male–35 female) were retrospectively selected. All patients had undergone F18-FDG PET/CT using the standard imaging protocol. In the first part of this study, SUVmean and SUVmax of patients’ lesions and three background sites including liver, aorta, and muscle were determined. Then, the normalization of lesion SUV to body weight and body background sites was performed. The ratio of lesion SUVmax to body background sites (muscle, aorta, and liver) SUVmax was determined in addition to the ratio of lesion SUVmean to body background sites SUVmean. The second part of the study included the calculations of the body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and lean body mass (LBM). The normalization of lesion, liver, aorta, and muscle SUV to BMI, BSA, and LBM was calculated and compared to each other.

Results
After performing the appropriate statistical calculations, the results showed that there is a significant difference in SUV measurements between the three background sites. Lesions normalized to the liver were significantly lower than those normalized to aorta and muscle and the results also showed a higher magnitude of lesions normalized to muscle in comparison to the aorta. The SUVmax and SUVmean normalized to different body weight indices showed the lowest variation with BSA and BMI while being increasingly higher with lean body mass using the two methods James and Janmahasatian, respectively, and then highest with body weight.

Conclusion
The SUVmax and SUVmean showed lower variance in comparison to other background regions. Less variation was also remarkable in SUVmean normalized to BSA and Janma lean mass and also when SUVmax is normalized to James lean body mass. The SUVmax normalized to lean (i.e., James) as well as SUVmean normalized to lean (i.e., Janma) and BSA showed a significant independence with body weight.
A terrifying problem: healthcare professionals’ homicides
Authors: Aydogan Halit Canberk , Yıldırım Mahmut Şerif , Soyyiğit Muhammet , Akçan Ramazan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs in all over the world, healthcare professionals in Turkey are increasingly affected by violence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate homicide, which is the most severe form of violence against health care professionals.MethodsInformation regarding characteristics of the incidents, victims, and perpetrators were gathered from the media reports subjecting murders of healthcare professionals between 2000 and 2019 were compiled and discussed with descriptive statistics.ResultsThere were 60 homicides involving health professionals (35 male, 25 female) between 2000 and 2019. Homicides of health professionals were found to have increased significantly between 2015 and 2019. The most common crime scene was the victim’s workplace, whereas the most common method of homicide was the use of firearms. In female healthcare professional homicides, the murderer was a former or existing partner in most cases.ConclusionsThe assessment of cultural factors, and the performance of various studies to prevent homicide of health professionals is crucial. Policies against individual weaponry and the prevention of armed persons entering healthcare facilities could be useful. In addition, regulations prohibiting targeting health professionals as a scapegoat for system failures will help address this problem.