bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Very Low Calorie Diets
Authors: Haugen Margaretha , Birkeland Eline , Jervell Jak , Svendsen Mette , Andersen Lene Frost , Frølich Wenche , Frøyland Livar , Halvorsen Ragnhild , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Narvhus Judith , Paulsen Jan Erik 
Published: March 2022

Very low calorie diets (VLCD products) are formulated products with 450 – 800 kcal per day intended to replace the whole diet. Regulation of VLCD is not harmonised in the EU, and there is no specific national Norwegian legislation for these products. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority has requested VKM to propose minimum and maximum limits for the content of fat/ fatty acids, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in VLCD products based on acknowledged scientific documentation. VKM is also asked to evaluate if VLCD products are suitable in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and possible contraindications for use of VLCD.
This assessment is based upon the SCOOP-report “Collection of data on products intended for use in very-low-calorie-diets” (SCOOP, 2002) and new literature mainly after 2002.
Based on the available scientific literature, the VKM Panel on nutrition, dietetic products novel food and allergy has concluded that, on a daily basis, VLCD products should provide minimum 55 g carbohydrates, 10 g fibres, 50 g high quality protein and 7 g fat, including 3 g from linoleic acid and 0.5 g from α-linolenic acid. The amino acid scoring pattern should be in accordance with the protein-digestibility-corrected amino acid score.
VLCD products should provide minimum 10 µg vitamin D per day, and the minimum recommended daily intake for the other vitamins and minerals.
No maximum limits are suggested for carbohydrates, protein or fat, as the energy will be the limiting factor. The fibre content should not exceed 30 g per day, and the VKM Panel recommends that the maximum limits for vitamins, minerals and trace elements should equal two times the recommended daily intake.
VLCD will give short-term weight loss and improvement in blood pressure, serum lipids and glycemia in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and no serious adverse effects have been reported. VLCD may impede the educational process needed in the treatment of diabetes, and should therefore only be used as part of an educational program in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, and only under medical supervision.
VLCD is contraindicated in children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, elderly (above 65 years old) and in subjects with heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, gallstone disease, kidney- and liver diseases, psychiatric disorders, and in subjects with BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2. In addition one should be aware of the reducing effect of VLCD on blood pressure and the effect on hyperglycaemia which may cause problems if pharmacological therapies for these conditions are given. Medical supervision is recommended if VLCD treatment exceeds 3 weeks.
To prepare this report, VKM established an ad hoc group (members listed above). The VKM Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy has discussed and adopted this opinion.
Interactive Effect of Salinity and Potassium on Maize Yield
Authors: Alomar Rahaf , Jena Dinabandhu 
Published: March 2022

A pot culture experiment was undertaken during January 2021, in the greenhouse of Institute of Agriculture Science (IAS), SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to study the interactive effects of salinity and potassium levels on biomass yield, accumulation and uptake of K and Na by maize. The experiment was conducted in 2-factorial CRD with three replications and twelve treatments consisting of two levels of irrigation water (SW0- normal water EC-0.5 dS m-1,SW1-saline water @ 8 dS m-1), two sources of K fertilizers (KCl and K2SO4), and three doses of K (K1-0,K2-60and K3-120 kg ha-1). The results showed that continuous application of saline water (8 dS m-1) increased the soil ECe ( Electrical Conductivity of a saturated soil Extract) by 182-360 % over normal water treatments. Application of K (120 kg ha-1) significantly decreased ECe by 29%, significantly increased the biomass yield (24%), K accumulation (14%), K uptake (41%) and decreased Na content ( 17% ) over K control. The K+/Na+ ratio in maize in saline treatments decreased by 64% over normal water. Application of K @120 kg ha-1 significantly increased the K+/Na+ ratio by 27% over K control. In saline stress environment, K+/Na+ ratio in plant fairly correlated with biomass yield (R2=0.73), K content (R2=0.79), and Na content (R2=0.89) in the plant. K+/Na+ ratio in soil failed to correlate well with biomass yield. K+/Na+ ratio in the plant can be considered as the best indicator in evaluating crop performance in saline soil.
Trend and Growth Rate Estimation of Principal Crops in Karnataka State in India
Authors: Ujwala Rani Seedari , Kumar Pramod , P. Singh Naveen , Paul R. K. , Padaria R. N. , Tadigiri Sirisha 
Published: March 2022

The study undertaken to analyse the growth rate performance of area, production, productivity of selected crops in Karnataka from year 1997 to 2019. At state level, it was found that, the productivity of cereals showed positive growth with 1.22 percent. The area under maize increased by 5.30 percent by displacing Jowar, Bajra, minor millets. The rice and maize became stable crops in cultivation due its assured support prices and procurement from government. The production of pulses increased by 4.17 percent. The area under oil seeds showed negative trend with -5.87 percent which may be due to its high cost of production and unremunerative prices where as the commercial crops has recorded positive growth rates of production (2.69 percent) and productivity (2.43 percent) despite of its 0.24 percent area growth. The farmers prioritised sugarcane, cotton because of less labour requirements, good market prices. The Technology mission on oilseeds and Pulses in post 1990’s could be reason for increased production and productivity of pulses.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Pregnancy: A Mini-review
Authors: Alsaleh Wael A. , Alsultan Nour I. , Daef Rania 
Published: March 2022

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has become a research priority since first reported case in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Pregnant women and fetuses represent a vulnerable group for which the disease may have effects not applicable to the general population. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the association between COVID-19 and pregnancy in terms of the clinical manifestations, maternal and fetal outcomes, and the possibility of vertical transmission of the disease.
Methodology: Articles addressing the impact of COVID-19 during the perinatal period were obtained mainly from PubMed database. Most of the studies of a systematic review or meta-analysis used in the current study were published in the current year 2021.
Results: The present study discussed different issues. First, clinical manifestations were not different from the general population with fever and cough being the most common symptoms; while the course of the disease was milder in general compared to general population. Regarding vertical transmission, the current literature did not provide evidence supporting the transmission of SARS-Cov-2 to the fetus; although, there were few cases reported which do not exceed 4%.
Conclusion: In general, the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 do not greatly differ from the normal population. Cesarean section and premature birth were reported with no evidence of the presence of the novel coronavirus in the amniotic fluid nor the breast milk.
Reverse Straatsma Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Mukherji Payal , Kumari Suchitra , Shilpy Neha , Sinha Vidya Bhushan 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Ophthalmologic signs and symptoms were evaluated in a patient diagnosed with reverse Straatsma syndrome.
Case Presentation: 22 years old male presented to Eye OPD with unilateral diminution of vision of left eye present since childhood. Complete ophthalmologic examination showed anisometropic hypermetropic ambylopia of +8DS/ +3.5DC x 90◦ in LE, correctable to 6/60 and myelinated nerve fibres in LE retina superior to optic disc. The RE after refractive correction of +1.5 DS showed 6/6 vision.
Results: Patient was given full refractive correction of RE and counseled for the condition in LE.
Remarks on the Ancient Barrier called 'The Catrail;' with Plans
Authors: Kennedy William Norman 
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the ditch known as the Catrail that runs from near Galashiels to near Peelfell on the borders of Northumberland. The author explains various interpretations of the Catrail's etymology, origins and purpose. He concludes that the ditch was built to serve as a boundary line but argues that there is not enough evidence to say with certainty who built it.

Meeting notes for 12 May, 1858 are appended.
Remarks on the Round Tower of Brechin
Authors: Jervise Andrew , Ormiston William , Robertson Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Andrew Jervise describes the dimensions and design of the Brechin Cathedral Round Tower, which he proposes was built in the 11th century. He discusses the relationship of this style of design to the early Irish Christian group, the Culdees. He also suggests some other monuments that he believes could be from the same period based on the similarity of some of their design elements. He concludes by discussing some folk tales and anecdotes about the tower’s construction and continued preservation.

Also appended is a notice from Joseph Robertson of a letter regarding a sixteenth century cannon that was used by the Spanish Armada. The Fellows of the Society encouraged the letter’s suggestion that the cannon be recovered from the sea off the coast of Buchan to be moved into the Museum.
Meeting notes
Authors: Robertson Joseph 
Published: March 2022

An account of the donations presented on the day.
[The journal notes that Joseph Robertson’s paper will be printed in a later volume to give the author time to assess some further additions to his collections. The title of the communication was: ‘Notices of the Isle of the Loch of Banchory, the Isle of Loch Canmor, and other Scottish examples of the artificial or stockaded islands, called Crannoges in Ireland and Keltischen Pfahlbauten in Switzerland’]
Prospecção Tecnológica da Patente BR 102014029616-6 A2: veículos para tintas de impressão
Authors: Frade de Paula Castro Carla , Coeli Andrade Marques Regina , Diniz Stenio 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo realiza uma prospecção tecnológica e científica do pedido de patente intitulado "Processo de obtenção de biopolímero iônico a partir de biopolímeros provenientes do tratamento térmico de materiais graxos”, de titularidade da Fundação Universidade de Brasília, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios para uma gestão estratégica do pedido junto ao INPI. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases Orbit (patentes) e Web of Science (publicações), a partir das palavras-chave ink e printing, dado que a tecnologia foi considerada adequada como veículo para tintas de impressão. Encontrou-se uma predominância da produção tecnológica sobre a científica, com relativa estabilidade da atividade inventiva e uma crescente produção científica. Trata-se de segmento estabelecido, dominado por grandes empresas de países com altos investimento em P&D (Japão, China e EUA). O trabalho avaliou ainda a tecnologia com grau de maturidade tecnológica emergente e nível TRL4 de prontidão tecnológica.
Bio‐Inspired 3D Artificial Neuromorphic Circuits
Authors: Liu Xuhai , Wang Fengyun , Su Jie , Zhou Ye , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic circuits emulating the bio‐brain functionality via artificial devices have achieved a substantial scientific leap in the past decade. However, even with the advent of highly advanced bio‐inspired algorithms, the artificial intelligence based on current neuromorphic circuits is lagging behind significantly when compared with naturally evolved biological neural circuits. This massive and intriguing discrepancy is partly due to the incomprehensive understanding of bio‐brain operating mechanism, which relies heavily on the extremely complexed entangled 3D hierarchical neural networks. Configuring 3D neuromorphic hardware with combined computing and memory functionalities, coupled with compatible progress of software algorithms, can be an inevitable route to surmount the limitation encountered by current 2D artificial circuits. Herein, referring to the neuron configuration in 3D perspective together with detailed signal generation and propagation mechanism, the von Neumann configuration is compared with state‐of‐the‐art in‐memory computing architecture, and the development and perspectives of 3D in‐memory computing neuromorphic circuits are highlighted.
Searching for an Optimal Multi‐Metallic Alloy Catalyst by Active Learning Combined with Experiments
Authors: Kim Minki , Ha Min Young , Jung Woo‐Bin , Yoon Jeesoo , Shin Euichul , Kim Il‐doo , Lee Won Bo , Kim YongJoo , Jung Hee‐tae 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSearching for an optimal component and composition of multi‐metallic alloy catalysts, comprising two or more elements, is one of the key issues in catalysis research. Due to the exhaustive data requirement of conventional machine‐learning (ML) models and the high cost of experimental trials, current approaches rely mainly on the combination of density functional theory and ML techniques. In this study, a significant step is taken toward overcoming limitations by the interplay of experiment and active learning to effectively search for an optimal component and composition of multi‐metallic alloy catalysts. The active‐learning model is iteratively updated using by examining electrocatalytic performance of fabricated solid‐solution nanoparticles for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). An optimal metal precursor composition of Pt0.65Ru0.30Ni0.05 exhibits an HER overpotential of 54.2 mV, which is superior to that of the pure Pt catalyst. This result indicates the successful construction of the model by only utilizing the precursor mixture composition as input data, thereby improving the overpotential by searching for an optimal catalyst. This method appears to be widely applicable since it is able to determine an optimal component and composition of electrocatalyst without obvious restriction to the types of catalysts to which it can be applied.
Mechanofluorochromic Material toward a Recoverable Microscale Force Sensor
Authors: Calupitan Jan Patrick , Brosseau Arnaud , Josse Pierre , Cabanetos Clément , Roncali Jean , Métivier Rémi , Allain Clémence 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong the multiple classes of mechanofluorochromic (MFC) compounds reported in recent years, simple donor–acceptor molecules involving oligooxyethylene N‐substituted diphenylamine connected to a dicyanovinyl group by a thienyl spacer constitute a specific class of mechano‐stimulable smart materials with a unique combination of properties including turn‐on mechanofluorochromism with red‐light photoluminescence emission, turn‐off second harmonic generation, and self‐recovery in ambient conditions. While the dynamics of the MFC processes of thin films of these materials have already been investigated, the correlation of the behavior observed at the macroscale with elemental processes taking place at the micro‐ and nanoscopic scales remains largely unexplored. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) coupled with wide‐field and confocal optical microscopies is used to investigate the turn‐on/recovery MFC behavior of microcrystals and nanostructures. It is shown that the red light photoluminescence of microcrystals and nano‐objects can be turned‐on by contact AFM and that the intensity of light emission is linearly correlated to the applied nominal force. Recovery is associated with a decrease in emission intensity, which can be reactivated again by subsequent contact scans. These results thus pave the way toward the development of micro‐/nanoscale recoverable force‐sensing technologies based on this particular class of smart molecular materials.
Photoswitchable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Nanoparticles for “Double‐Check” Confocal and Time‐Resolved Luminescence Bioimaging
Authors: Yu Maolin , Zhao Weili , Ni Fan , Zhao Qiang , Yang Chuluo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have attracted increasing attention due to their great potential in time‐resolved luminescence imaging (TRLI) in bioimaging. However, the triplet state (T1) of delay fluorescence is quenched readily by oxygen and the autofluorescence of biological systems remains inevitable interference in luminescence imaging, which often reduces signal‐to‐noise ratio during biodetection. To address this issue, the authors design a two‐component photoswitchable TADF polymeric nanoparticle (PDFPNs) by covalently incorporating a well‐designed TADF molecule (PDC‐DA) and a photochromic spiropyran derivative (SPMA). The as‐prepared PDFPNs with a unique luminescent “double‐check” strategy exhibit dual‐color fluorescence and variable fluorescence lifetime upon fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process through external lights irradiation. The obtained PDFPNs display the advantages of negligible oxygen‐sensitivity, high FRET efficiency, rapid photoresponsiveness, outstanding photoreversibility, and prominent long‐term fluorescence stability. The established PDFPNs show promising application in the high‐contrast dual‐color confocal and time‐resolved luminescence bioimaging in oxygenic living cells.
Cesium Lead Halide Nanocrystals based Flexible X‐Ray Imaging Screen and Visible Dose Rate Indication on Paper Substrate
Authors: Chen Huanyu , Wang Qian , Peng Guoqiang , Wang Shuo , Lei Yutian , Wang Haoxu , Yang Zhou , Sun Jie , Li Nan , Zhao Lei , Lan Wei , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetal halide semiconductors have huge potential on X‐ray detection, due to their high atomic number, adjustable photoluminescence wavelength, superior stability, and simple fabrication process. Here, cesium lead halide nanocrystals (CsPbX3 NCs) are fabricated on paper substrate as scintillator screen for the first time. By means of all‐solution processed spray‐coating method with optimization of polymethyl methacrylate, large‐area (>600 cm2) and low‐cost (0.0975 dollar cm−2) flexible scintillator screens are obtained with high resolution (≈5 lp mm−1), low detection limit (2.97 μGy s−1), high light yield (≈30000 photons/MeV), and fast response speed (<15 ms). The screen can achieve high‐resolution X‐ray non‐distortion imaging for non‐planar objects and realize battery check and safety monitoring at a broad range of photon energy (10–160 keV). In addition, real‐time dose rates can be easily estimated through counting the luminous arcs of the designed visible indicator. More important, the screen shows remarkable tolerance to high‐dose X‐ray radiation (tolerance over 60 Gyair continuous radiation with only 3% performance degradation), water soaking (2000 h), and conventional storage (over 300 days without apparent deterioration under ambient conditions). Hence, this work may provide huge potential in the field of medical diagnosis, non‐planar detection, and safety monitoring in the future.
Asymmetric Tandem Conjugate Addition and Reaction with Carbocations on Unsaturated Heterocycles
Authors: Mudráková Brigita , Kisszékelyi Péter , Vargová Denisa , Zakiewicz Dorota , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterocycles possessing multiple substituents and stereogenic centers are important structural motifs in many compounds of interest. We present here stereoselective tandem transformation based on Cu‐catalyzed conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to heterocyclic Michael acceptors, which is followed by one‐pot trapping of in situ formed enolates with stabilized carbocations or their equivalents. The transformations are highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective with Josiphos‐type ferrocene ligand. The reaction of chiral metal enolates with onium compounds allows the installation of structurally attractive substituents on chromenone or piperidinone core. Moreover, cycloheptatrienyl and benzodithiolyl substituents can be further modified, thus expanding synthetic possibilities of this methodology.magnified image
One‐Pot Asymmetric Oxidative Dearomatization of 2‐Substituted Indoles by Merging Transition Metal Catalysis with Organocatalysis to Access C2‐Tetrasubstituted Indolin‐3‐Ones
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Long , An Jian‐Xiong , Yang Fen‐Fen , Guan Xiang , Fu Xiao‐Zhong , Li Zong‐Qin , Wang Da‐Peng , Zhou Meng , Yang Yuan‐Yong , He Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA one‐pot approach for the asymmetric synthesis of C2‐tetrasubstituted indolin‐3‐ones from 2‐substituted indoles was developed via merging transition metal catalysis with organocatalysis. This strategy involves two processes, including CuI catalyzed oxidative dearomatization of 2‐substituted indoles using O2 as green oxidant, and followed by an proline‐promoted asymmetric Mannich reaction with ketones or aldehydes. A series of C2‐tetrasubstituted indolin‐3‐ones were obtained in 35–86% yields, 2:1‐>20:1 dr and 48–99% ee. Moreover, the synthetic 2‐tetrasubstituted indolin‐3‐ones could be easily transformed into 1H‐[1,3] oxazino [3,4‐a]indol‐5(3H)‐ones via a [4+1] cyclization process. In addition, the synthetic compound 3 s show certain antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC25923 and multi‐drug resistance bacterial strain of S. aureus (20151027077) and its MIC values up to 8 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL, respectively.magnified image
Synthesis and Application of β‐Alkynyl‐γ,γ‐Difluoroallylboronates for Metal‐Free Allylation of Aldehydes in Water
Authors: Xu Jian‐Lin , Yang Chao , Dai Dong‐Ting , Hou Wei‐Shu , Xu Yun‐He 
Published: February 2022

Abstractβ‐Alkynyl substituted γ,γ‐difluoroallyl‐boronates were prepared via defluorination under basic condition. Allylation reaction of aldehydes with gem‐difluoroallylboronates under metal‐free condition in water was developed. As the sole solvent, water dramatically improved the efficiency of the reaction, and afforded the desired products in 48–92% yields. The corresponding difluorinated alcohols were smoothly transformed into the 3,3‐difluoro‐4‐methylene‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran derivatives in the presence of gold catalyst.magnified image
g‐C3N4‐Supported Metal‐Pair Catalysts toward Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction: A Computational Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Zeyun , Xu Xuefei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmbient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a low‐cost and clean method for large‐scale ammonia production. In this work, the authors investigate systematically the potential of 17 3d–5d double‐atom metal‐pairs catalysts supported on graphitic carbon nitride monolayer (M2@g‐C3N4) toward efficient eNRR. Two thermodynamically stable catalysts, V2@g‐C3N4 and Ni2@g‐C3N4, are identified as excellent candidates with low limiting potentials, small ammonia desorption free energies, and a high catalytic selectivity over the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The good performances toward eNRR of the two catalysts are both attributed to the cooperation effect of double active sites on nitrogen adsorption and on the early hydrogenation steps; it breaks the intrinsic linear scaling relationships between the adsorption energies of N‐containing intermediates and balances the competing needs of a good eNRR catalysts under the help of additional N2 adsorption: a low limiting potential, a small ammonia desorption energy, and a superior ability to suppress the HER. The other considered M2@g‐C3N4 behave more like a tuned single‐atom catalyst in the eNRR process, and thereby do not exhibit the expected eNRR activity.