bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“CIVILIZATION” AND “BARBARITY” IN BRITAIN’S LITERARY PRACTICE FROM THE END OF 18th TO THE BEGINNING OF 19th CENTURY
Authors: АЙЗЕНШТАТ М.П. 
Published: November 2022

В статье автор анализирует литературную практику на основе материалов популярного либерального издания «Эдинбургского обозрения, или критического журнала». Это было издание, специально посвященное критическим обзорам книг, вышедших в Британии, Париже, Берлине и других городах мира. Их тематика охватывала широкий круг тем по политике, экономике, общественным пробле-мам и истории. Рецензии освещали либеральный взгляд на историю в контексте идей Просвещения. Авторы обзоров восприняли теоретическое осмысление исторического процесса шотландскими просветителями. Они предполага-ли, что все люди в своем развитии проходят одни и те же стадии: дикость, варварство и цивилизацию. В контексте идей о стадиях развития рецензенты рассматривали труды, где говорилось о путешествиях, встречах с иной культурой чиновников, миссионеров и военных. При несовершенстве предложенной схемы вслед за авторами книг рецензенты оценивали уровень развития народов и племен, населявших Африку, Америку и Азию. Как правило, они относили их к стадии дикости и варварства. Полагая, что британцы до-стигли высшего уровня — цивилизации, авторы ряда книг и рецензенты выдвигали планы по цивилизации этих народов.
The author analyses the literary practice liberal edition “The Edinburgh review, or critical journal”. It was original special edition with review of books from Britain, Paris, Berlin and other towns of the world. Their problems spread all themes over economy, politics, civil problems, etc. and history from liberal opinions on them from enlightenment position. The authors of journal shared Scotland enlightenment’s theo-retical opinion about historical development. They thought all people gone same stages: savage, barbarity and civilization. From that opinion the authors analyzes books wrote about travels meeting with another culture. As the author of books reviewers thought the tribes and people of America, Asia and Africa were at the stages of savage and barbarity. And Britons as civilized nation should bring civilization to them.
HERALDIC ASPECTS OF MALE AND FEMALE BARBARISM ON THE TERRITORY OF NEW GRANADA IN THE LATE 18th– EARLY 19th CENTURIES
Authors: ЕЛОХИН К.А. 
Published: November 2022

Статья посвящена варварству в отношении гербов — их диффамации со стороны как мужчин, так и женщин, как частными лицам, так и главами корпораций. В качестве примера была приведена территория испанского вице-королевства Новая Гранада в конце XVIII – начале XIX вв. На основании проведённого исследования делаются некоторые выводы. Во-первых, общим у мужчин и женщин, совершавших варварские поступки — диффамацию гербов и других знаков власти, было чувство вины за бунт против короля как отца нации. Психологический комплекс, который они не могли изжить годами. Во-вторых, женщины вдохновляли, призывали к диффамации, и действовали собственным примером, в отличие от мужчин, которые приказывали и преимущественно действовали чужими руками, и лишь, в крайнем случае, собственными. Это характерно не только по отношению к государственным знакам власти, но и к корпоративным (гербам городов). В-третьих, социальное положение варваров, совершавших диффамацию гербов, было различным, и не имело никакого значения. В-четвёртых, при диффамации гербов, знамён, и других знаков власти, мужчины предлагали альтернативу — изобретённые ими, или в их окружении, гербы и знамёна, женщины же такой альтернативы не предлагали. Это говорит о том, что женское злонамеренное варварство было более агрессивным, чем мужское.
The article is devoted to barbarism in relation to coats of arms — their defamation by both men and women, both by private individuals and heads of corporations. As an example, was given the territory of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Granada in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Based on the study, there are some conclusions. First, the common thing among men and women who committed barbaric acts — defamation of coats of arms and other signs of power, was a sense of guilt for rebelling against the king as the father of the nation. A psychological complex that they could not get rid of for years. Secondly, women inspired, called for defamation, and acted by their own example, in contrast to men, who ordered and mostly acted with someone else's hands, and only as a last resort, with their own. This is typical not only in relation to state signs of power, but also to corporate ones (coats of arms of cities). Thirdly, the social status of the barbarians who defamated the coats of arms was different and did not matter. Fourthly, when defamating coats of arms, banners, and other signs of power, men offered an alternative — coats of arms and banners invented by them, or in their environment, women did not offer such an alternative. This suggests that female malevolent barbarism was more aggressive than male.
GENDER IN THE HISTORY OF BARBARITY
Authors: БУДАНОВА В.П. 
Published: November 2022

В статье представлен исторический и теоретический анализ одного из новых направлений исследования бытования варваров — гендерной истории варварства. Гендер рассматривается как системная категория сложившейся в варваристике базовой терминологии. Впервые предпринята попытка проанализировать познавательный потенциал варваристики, включив в ее понятийную структуру гендерный подход. Рассматриваются наиболее значимые термины, понятия и концепты, их роль в структуре когниции варвара. Обозначены и раскрыты в исторической ретроспективе ключевые характеристики понятия «гендерное варварство» как устойчивого социокультурного явления. Специально анализируются субъекты и «мишени» гендерной истории, зарождающиеся концепты «латентного» варварства. Рассмотрены условия всеобщей экспансии архаической семантики терминов «варвар» и «варварство», особенности их трансляции и трансмутации во времени и пространстве.
The article presents a historical and theoretical analysis of one of the new directions of the study of the existence of barbarians — the gender history of barbarism. Gender is considered as a systemic category of the basic terminology that has developed in barbarism. For the first time, an attempt has been made to analyze the cognitive potential of barbarism by including a gender approach in its conceptual structure. The most significant terms, concepts and concepts, their role in the structure of the barbarian cognition are considered. The key characteristics of the concept of “gender barbarism” as a sustainable socio-cultural phenomenon are identified and disclosed in historical retrospect. The subjects and “targets” of gender history, emerging concepts of “latent” barbarism are specially analyzed. The conditions of the general expansion of the archaic semantics of the terms “barbarian” and “barbarism”, the features of their translation and transmutation in time and space are considered.
Risk factors, trends of neurological disorders, and outcomes of neonatal periventricular hemorrhages
Authors: Gaynetdinova D. D. , Karimova L. K. , Kazakova F. M. , Gamirova R. G. 
Published: November 2022

Periventricular hemorrhage is bleeding from the subependymal germinal matrix, which results in severe motor disorders, mental and speech developmental delay.Purpose. The study aims to evaluate risk factors, the trends of neurological disorders, and the outcomes of neonatal periventricular hemorrhage in children whose mothers were on gravidary anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy.Material and methods. The study examined 160 newborns with PVH: Group I — 53 (37.9%) children born from pregnancy on the background of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy for hypercoagulation syndrome; Group II — 87 (62.1%) children born from pregnancy on the background of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy to treat degree 1A uteroplacental blood flow disorders; Group III — 20 children born from pregnancy without corticosteroids and antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy. All newborns underwent clinical and neurological examination and neurosonography; data on somatic and obstetric anamnesis were obtained from accompanying medical records.Results. In children of Groups I and II a more severe condition of newborns with periventricular hemorrhage at birth was noted, a slower dynamics of restoration of muscle-postural tone and the pace of psychomotor development were observed compared to children in Group III. In Groups I and II a high incidence of epilepsy (5.7%) and cerebral palsy (6.4%) by 12 months of corrected age was revealed compared with the population.Conclusion. Gravidary anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy might be considered as a risk factor for the development of intracranial hemorrhages and severe neurological disorders: epilepsy, cerebral palsy, mental and motor developmental delays.
The influence of nasal and oropharyngeal mucosal dysbiosis on the condition of the middle ear in children with congenital cleft palate
Authors: Andreeva I. G. , Mamleev R. N. , Marapov D. I. , Nesterov O. V. 
Published: November 2022

Disturbance of the microbiocenosis of the nasal cavity and oropharynx in children with congenital cleft palate presents serious therapeutic difficulties. Pathobionts colonizing the upper respiratory tract and chronic adenoiditis pose a threat of acute purulent otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion. The authors studied nasal and oropharyngeal mucosal dysbiosis in patients before elective uranoplasty and the effect of dysbiotic manifestations on the condition of the middle ear in the postoperative period. The results of microbiological examination of 80 swabs from the nasal cavity and oropharynx in patients with congenital cleft palate were analyzed. Among the culture-positive results in patients in clinical and laboratory remission of ENT-infections dysbiosis of 2–3 degrees prevails, the presence of bacterial-bacterial and bacterial-fungal associations is often noted, the predominance of gram-negative microflora is noted. There was an increase in the frequency of perforations of the tympanic membrane in the presence of bacterial and fungal associations, the appearance of retraction pockets in the presence of gram-negative microflora, the relationship between grade 3 dysbiosis and the appearance of purulent otitis media after uranoplasty were revealed.Conclusion. Disturbance of microbiocenosis in patients with congenital cleft palate before uranoplasty requires the inclusion of a microbiological study in the preoperative preparation schedule and a personalized approach to perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
The content of potassium in biosubstrates in young athletes
Authors: Rylova N. V. , Samoilov A. S. , Zholinsky A. V. , Bolshakov I. V. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To study the features of potassium metabolism in young athletes based on the analysis of its concentration in biological substrates.Material and methods. The study involved 123 children aged 12 to 17 years. Four groups were formed: control (n=26), swimmers (n=33), hockey players (n=45), fencers (n=19). Samples were studied using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Saliva and hair were used as substrates for analysis.Results. As a result of our study, it was found that in the control group, the content of potassium in saliva was significantly higher than in young athletes of all groups (p<0.001). At the same time, it was also shown that the content of potassium in the hair of people professionally involved in sports is significantly higher than that of the control group (p><0.01). The use of correlation analysis made it possible to identify a negative statistically significant relationship between the indicators of potassium concentrations in saliva and in hair (R=–0.72; p><0.001). Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the formation of potassium content in saliva and hair are probably related and may reflect the peculiarities of mineral metabolism processes in young athletes. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of mineral metabolism in young athletes. Key words: children, young athletes, potassium, physical development, deficiency of bioelements>˂0.001). At the same time, it was also shown that the content of potassium in the hair of people professionally involved in sports is significantly higher than that of the control group (p˂0.01). The use of correlation analysis made it possible to identify a negative statistically significant relationship between the indicators of potassium concentrations in saliva and in hair (R=–0.72; p˂0.001).Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the formation of potassium content in saliva and hair are probably related and may reflect the peculiarities of mineral metabolism processes in young athletes. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of mineral metabolism in young athletes.
Craniofacial polyossal fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Kulakova G. A. , Solovyeva N. A. , Kurmaeva E. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Nikiforova E. V. , Davletshina G. I. , Kuptsova D. O. 
Published: November 2022

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare anomaly of bone tissue development, in which it is replaced by fibrocystic tissue. A clinical case of a patient with a craniofacial polyossal form of fibrous dysplasia is presented. At the age of 13, a child had a constant intense headache, which was accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus, cognitive impairment, deformity of the frontal region and lower jaw on the right, local pigmentation in the neck and face (coffee-and-milk-like stains). Brain tomography and osteoscintigraphy visualized a volumetric formation in the right half of the skull bones, in which fibrotic dysplasia was revealed during histological examination.Conclusion. To establish this diagnosis, a combination of pain syndrome with deformation of the facial part of the skull and histological examination is important.
Regional experience in the treatment of children with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Kamalova A. A. , Podshivalin A. A. , Sageeva G. I. , Druzhkova E. E. 
Published: November 2022

Short bowel syndrome is a rare, chronic, debilitating, and potentially life-threatening condition in which loss of intestinal absorption capacity deprives children of the ability to absorb sufficient nutrients from the food they consumed. The authors describe regional experience of treating children with short bowel syndrome, which includes conservative and surgical approach, with an analysis of the leading causes, prognostic factors, timing of achieving intestinal autonomy, complications and catamnesis.Purpose. The study aims at analyzing cases of short bowel syndrome in children in order to improve the provision of medical care for children in the Republic of Tatarstan and the nearest regions.Material and methods. Single-center, retrospective study was conducted of 22 cases of children with short bowel syndrome who received treatment in the surgical department for young children in the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan for the period September 2014 till November 2021.Results. The most common cause of intestinal resection in the study group were: congenital malformations in 7 children (32%), necrotizing enterocolitis in 5 children (23%), small intestine malrotation (Ladd’s bands) in 4 children (18%), mesenteric thrombosis in 4 (18%), Hirschsprung’s disease in 2 children (9%). By the end of the first year after diagnosis, intestine self-regulation was achieved in 17 children. The mortality rate was 9%.
Clinical and morphological features of arterial duct in premature newborns
Authors: Saryyeva O. P. , Kharlamova N. V. , Kulida L. V. , Fisyuk Yu. A. , Protsenko E. V. 
Published: November 2022

The open arterial duct has a pathological significance in premature newborns. Closure of the ductus arteriosus is a complex process that includes functional and anatomical closure.Purpose. To identify the features of arterial duct remodeling in premature newborns.Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective clinical and morphological analysis of 35 deceased premature newborns. During their lifetime, all children were examined using clinical and laboratory-instrumental methods. In all cases, autopsies of deceased children were performed with a complex of morphological studies of the arterial duct.Results. It has been established that the open arterial duct in premature newborns plays an important role in increasing respiratory failure. It also necessitates the appointment and conduct of invasive respiratory therapy. The functioning of the arterial duct is facilitated by low partial pressure and blood oxygen saturation levels. Morphofunctional features of arterial duct remodeling were revealed. A positive correlation was established between the indicators of the gas composition of the child’s blood and the thickness of the duct wall.Conclusion. Risk factors for an open arterial duct in premature newborns are the age of the mother over 35 years, threatened miscarriage, prenatal discharge of amniotic fluid, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetoplacental insufficiency, and severe asphyxia at birth. Morphological changes in the form of thickening of the endothelial layer and the formation of intimal pillows, fragmentation and focal necrosis of the internal elastic membrane with the accumulation of mucoid matter, proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells into the subendothelial space reflect the processes of remodeling of the arterial duct.
Features of platelet and plasma hemostasis in premature infants with hemorrhagic disorders
Authors: Budalova A. V. , Kharlamova N. V. , Kuzmenko G. N. , Popova I. G. , Nazarov S. B. 
Published: November 2022

The research revealed features of platelet and plasma hemostasis indicators in children born before 32 weeks with hemorrhagic disorders in the early neonatal period, a method for predicting the development of intraventricular hemorrhage was developed.Material and methods. 132 premature newborns were examined, a detailed clinical blood test, a coagulogram with the determination of: activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, prothrombin index, fibrinogen content, D-dimer were performed on 1–3 days of life. The main group consisted of 58 children with hemorrhagic disorders, the comparison group included 74 children without hemorrhagic disorders.Results. Risk factors for the formation of hemorrhagic disorders in the early neonatal period were established: a lower gestational age of the child, lower Apgar scores at the end of the first and fifth minutes of life, the need for the introduction of an exogenous surfactant, and the use of higher concentrations of oxygen-air mixture during respiratory therapy. The features of hemostasis indicators in deep-premature newborns with hemorrhagic disorders in the early neonatal period were revealed: a lower number of platelets in the blood and higher platelet granularity, higher activated partial thromboplastin time, and a decrease in the prothrombin index. Based on the data obtained, a new method for predicting the formation of intraventricular hemorrhage in deeply premature newborns is proposed based on determining the concentration of total Ca2+ in the blood and the average concentration of platelet components. The results of this study can be used in intensive care units for newborns. Conclusion. The implementation of the obtained results in practice will help timely assess the state of hemostasis in deeply premature newborns to predict the development of intraventricular hemorrhages in the early neonatal period.
Associations of molecular genetic predictors of arterial hypertension in adults with the development and course of arterial hypotension in premature newborns
Authors: Mironov P. I. , Mingazov N. N. , Valiev R. R. , Lekmanov A. U. , Ivanov D. O. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose. This study aims at assessing the association of the development and clinical course of arterial hypotension in premature newborns, depending on the polymorphism of the genes of predisposition to hypertension.Material and methods. The study design is prospective, controlled, single-center, and non-randomized. Genomic DNA samples were studied in premature newborns (n = 199), as well as a population sample of adults (n = 100). Newborns with arterial hypotension (n = 23) formed the study group, patients without it (n = 100) formed the comparison group. Loci with already known association with the development of arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease were selected for analysis: AGT (rs4762), AGTR1 (rs5186), ACE (Ins\Del), ADRB1 (rs1801253), ADD1 (rs4961), CYP11B2 (rs1799998), eNOS (rs1799983), eNOS (rs1549758), eNOS (rs2070744). The distribution of allele frequencies between the studied groups of individuals was compared.Results. Premature babies are significantly more likely to be carriers of the allele with the AGT gene. In newborns with arterial hypotension, we additionally revealed a more frequent occurrence of dominant alleles of the eNOS gene, and children with the SS genotype of the eNOS gene required longer vasopressor therapy. Conclusion. The carriage of risky alleles of genes predisposing to arterial hypertension, not only does not increase the risk of arterial hypotension in premature newborns, but also may, in the case of carriage of mutant alleles of the eNOS rs1549758 gene, contribute to less prolonged vasopressor therapy.
Neurospecific markers of brain damage in infants
Authors: Panova M. S. , Panchenko A. S. , Ziganshin A. M. , Mudrov V. A. 
Published: November 2022

Timely diagnosis of brain lesions in infants is important for preventing the development and progression of neurological diseases.Purpose. The study aimed at investigation of neurospecific laboratory parameters in children of 1 year of age with structural changes in the brain.Material and methods. The clinical and laboratory examination of 50 children of 1 year of age, born at full term, was carried out. Serum concentrations of neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF), fractalkine (CX3CL-1), monocytic chemotactic protein (CCL2), trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, 2 (TREM-1, TREM-2), transforming growth factor-ȕ1 (TGF-ȕ1), nerve growth factor-ȕ (ȕ-NGF), visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glycosylation end product receptor (sRAGE), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor Į (TNF-Į).Results. Predictors of brain damage in full-term infants have been identified. The level of TGFB-1 in children with structural changes in the brain exceeded that of the control group by 1.4 [1.1; 1.6] times, the level of AntiGRIN2A — 1.6 [1.1; 2.0] times, which makes it possible to consider these parameters as biomarkers of brain damage.Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, an additional laboratory examination of children who have undergone ante- and intranatal hypoxia is recommended, including the determination of the level of neurodamage biomarkers such as: TGFB-1 and AntiGRIN2A. This study will contribute to the timely detection of disorders of the central nervous system and the initiation of therapy to prevent the development and progression of neurological pathology in childhood.