bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of 16 cephalosporins in the aquatic environment by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaddah Mohamed M. Y. , Al‐Dokhmaisy Emad H. , Mansour Basem , Daabees Hoda G. , Kamal Miranda F. 
Published: September 2022

Antimicrobial agents are essential to protect human and animal health. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, antimicrobials such as cephalosporins were widely used as prophylactics and to prevent bacterial co‐infection. Undoubtedly, the prevalence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment will ultimately affect the degree of resistance against these bacteria in animals and the environmental systems. In order to monitor 16 cephalosporins in the aquatic environment, we developed a new liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method that functioned simultaneously under positive and negative electrospray ionization switching modes. The chromatographic separation has been implemented using a pentafluorophenyl propyl column kept at 40°C. The limits of detection and quantitation for the studied cephalosporins ranged from (8 × 10−4) to (7.11 × 10−2) ng/ml and from (2.61 × 10−3) to (2.37 × 10−1) ng/ml, respectively. The percent extraction efficiency (apparent recovery) and relative standard deviations for the analyzed cephalosporins ranged from 61.69% to 167.67% and 2.45% to 13.48%, respectively. The overall findings showed that the effluent from the wastewater treatment plants that receive wastewater from pharmaceutical factories had a higher detected amount of cephalosporins than that of domestic sewage. Moreover, seven cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefradine, cefprozil, cefixime, cefalexin, and cefadroxil (0.68–105.45 ng/L) were determined in the aquatic environment.
Adjusted dose regimens in dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis: Daily practice experiences
Authors: Olydam Jill I. , de Wijs Linde E. M. , Nijsten Tamar E. C. , van Rosmalen Joost , Hijnen Dirk Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials with dupilumab in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients showed a trend towards better effectiveness with a weekly or biweekly dosing interval, compared with extended dosing intervals. However, literature about adjusted dose regimens in daily practice is lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate adjusted dosing intervals of dupilumab for AD in daily practice.MethodsAn observational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted in AD patients who started dupilumab treatment in daily practice. Dosing intervals were adjusted upon shared decision making between physicians and patients in daily practice, without strict criteria. Disease courses of patients with shortened or extended dosing intervals were illustrated using spaghetti plots. In addition, data of patients who were treated with standard or extended dosing intervals were analysed using linear mixed effect (LME) models to determine the estimated effectiveness of extended dosing regimens.ResultsIn total, 180 AD consecutive patients treated with dupilumab in daily practice were included in our study. Patients with an extended dosing interval (n = 28) had relatively low Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores at the time of interval adjustment (range: 0−7) and the majority of patients showed continuous effectiveness after adjustment. In patients with a shortened dosing interval (n = 26), the scores at the time of adjustment were more widespread (range: 0−34) and follow‐up showed variable disease courses. Based on the LME model, we found an overall continuous improvement of EASI scores in time, in patients with a regular and extended interval.ConclusionsPatients with extended dosing intervals showed sustained effectiveness, similar to patients with standard dosing intervals. The effects of shortened intervals on disease severity could not be adequately analysed due to methodological limitations in this retrospective study.
Transformation of dissolved organic matter by two Indo‐Pacific sponges
Authors: Hildebrand Tabea , Osterholz Helena , Bunse Carina , Grotheer Hendrik , Dittmar Thorsten , Schupp Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is the largest organic carbon reservoir in the ocean and an integral component of biogeochemical cycles. The role of free‐living microbes in DOM transformation has been studied thoroughly, whereas little attention has been directed towards the influence of benthic organisms. Sponges are efficient filter feeders and common inhabitants of many benthic communities circumglobally. Here, we investigated how two tropical coral reef sponges shape marine DOM. We compared bacterial abundance, inorganic and organic nutrients in off reef, sponge inhalant, and sponge exhalant water of Melophlus sarasinorum and Rhabdastrella globostellata. DOM and bacterial cells were taken up, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen was released by the two Indo‐Pacific sponges. Both sponge species utilized a common set of 142 of a total of 3040 compounds detected in DOM on a molecular formula level via ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, species‐specific uptake was observed, likely due to differences in their associated microbial communities. Overall, the sponges removed presumably semi‐labile and semi‐refractory compounds from the water column, thereby competing with pelagic bacteria. Within minutes, sponge holobionts altered the molecular composition of surface water DOM (inhalant) into a composition similar to deep‐sea DOM (exhalent). The apparent radiocarbon age of DOM increased consistently from off reef and inhalant to exhalant by about 900 14C years for M. sarasinorum. In the pelagic, similar transformations require decades to centuries. Our results stress the dependence of DOM lability definition on the respective environment and illustrate that sponges are hotspots of DOM transformation in the ocean.
R&D investment under incomplete markets
Authors: Hu Fan , Wu Yaoyao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEntrepreneurs often face undiversifiable idiosyncratic risks from their R&D investments. We extend the real options model of R&D to an incomplete markets environment. We find the effect of market incompleteness on R&D investment is ambiguous. With low technological uncertainty, the agent under incomplete markets over‐investment in R&D. However, market incompleteness leads to under‐investment in R&D when the technological uncertainty is high.
Pre‐treatment analysis of non‐rigid variations can assist robust intensity‐modulated proton therapy plan selection for head and neck patients
Authors: Zhang Ying , Alshaikhi Jailan , Amos Richard A. , Tan Wenyong , Anaya Virginia Marin , Pang Yaru , Royle Gary , Bär Esther 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo incorporate small non‐rigid variations of head and neck patients into the robust evaluation of intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for the selection of robust treatment plans.MethodsA cohort of 20 nasopharynx cancer patients with weekly kilovoltage CT (kVCT) and 15 oropharynx cancer patients with weekly cone‐beam CT (CBCT) were retrospectively included. Anatomical variations between week 0/week 1 of treatment were acquired using deformable image registration (DIR) for all 35 patients and then applied to the planning CT of four patients who have kVCT scanned each week to simulate potential small non‐rigid variations (sNRVs). The robust evaluations were conducted on IMPT plans with: (1) different number of beam fields from 3‐field to 5‐field; (2) different beam angles. The robust evaluation before treatment, including the sNRVs and setup uncertainty, referred to as sNRV+R evaluation was compared with the conventional evaluation (without sNRVs) in terms of robustness consistency with the gold standard evaluation based on weekly CT.ResultsAmong four patients (490 scenarios), we observed a maximum difference in the sNRV+R evaluation to the nominal dose of: 9.37% dose degradation on D95 of clinical target volumes (CTVs), increase in mean dose (D) of parotid 11.87 Gy, increase in max dose (D) of brainstem 20.82 Gy. In contrast, in conventional evaluation, we observed a maximum difference to the nominal dose of: 7.58% dose degradation on D95 of the CTVs, increase in parotid D by 4.88 Gy, increase in brainstem D by 13.5 Gy. In the measurement of the robustness ranking consistency with the gold standard evaluation, the sNRV+R evaluation was better or equal to the conventional evaluation in 77% of cases, particularly, better on spinal cord, parotid glands, and low‐risk CTV.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the additional dose discrepancy that sNRVs can make. The inclusion of sNRVs can be beneficial to robust evaluation, providing information on clinical uncertainties additional to the conventional rigid isocenter shift.
Motion resilience of the balanced steady‐state free precession geometric solution
Authors: Hoff Michael N. , Xiang Qing‐San , Cross Nathan M. , Hippe Daniel , Andre Jalal B. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeMany MRI sequences are sensitive to motion and its associated artifacts. The linearized geometric solution (LGS), a balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) off‐resonance signal demodulation technique, is evaluated with respect to motion artifact resilience.Theory and MethodsThe mechanism and extent of LGS motion artifact resilience is examined in simulated, flow phantom, and in vivo clinical imaging. Motion artifact correction capabilities are decoupled from susceptibility artifact correction when feasible to permit controlled analysis of motion artifact correction when comparing the LGS with standard and phase‐cycle‐averaged (complex sum) bSSFP imaging.ResultsSimulations reveal that the LGS demonstrates motion artifact reduction capabilities similar to standard clinical bSSFP imaging techniques, with slightly greater resilience in high SNR regions and for shorter‐duration motion. Flow phantom experiments assert that the LGS reduces shorter‐duration motion artifact error by ∼24%–65% relative to the complex sum, whereas reconstructions exhibit similar error reduction for constant motion. In vivo analysis demonstrates that in the internal auditory canal/orbits, the LGS was deemed to have less artifact in 24%/49% and similar artifact in 76%/51% of radiological assessments relative to the complex sum, and the LGS had less artifact in 97%/81% and similar artifact in 3%/16% of assessments relative to standard bSSFP. Only 2 of 63 assessments deemed the LGS inferior to either complex sum or standard bSSFP in terms of artifact reduction.ConclusionThe LGS provides sufficient bSSFP motion artifact resilience to permit robust elimination of susceptibility artifacts, inspiring its use in a wide variety of applications.
Accelerated two‐dimensional phase‐contrast for cardiovascular MRI using deep learning‐based reconstruction with complex difference estimation
Authors: Oscanoa Julio A. , Middione Matthew J. , Syed Ali B. , Sandino Christopher M. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo develop and validate a deep learning‐based reconstruction framework for highly accelerated two‐dimensional (2D) phase contrast (PC‐MRI) data with accurate and precise quantitative measurements.MethodsWe propose a modified DL‐ESPIRiT reconstruction framework for 2D PC‐MRI, comprised of an unrolled neural network architecture with a Complex Difference estimation (CD‐DL). CD‐DL was trained on 155 fully sampled 2D PC‐MRI pediatric clinical datasets. The fully sampled data () was retrospectively undersampled (6–11) and reconstructed using CD‐DL and a parallel imaging and compressed sensing method (PICS). Measurements of peak velocity and total flow were compared to determine the highest acceleration rate that provided accuracy and precision within . Feasibility of CD‐DL was demonstrated on prospectively undersampled datasets acquired in pediatric clinical patients () and compared to traditional parallel imaging (PI) and PICS.ResultsThe retrospective evaluation showed that 9 accelerated 2D PC‐MRI images reconstructed with CD‐DL provided accuracy and precision (bias, [95 confidence intervals]) within . CD‐DL showed higher accuracy and precision compared to PICS for measurements of peak velocity (2.8 [, 4.5] vs. 3.9 [, 4.9]) and total flow (1.8 [, 3.4] vs. 2.9 [, 6.9]). The prospective feasibility study showed that CD‐DL provided higher accuracy and precision than PICS for measurements of peak velocity and total flow.ConclusionIn a retrospective evaluation, CD‐DL produced quantitative measurements of 2D PC‐MRI peak velocity and total flow with error in both accuracy and precision for up to 9 acceleration. Clinical feasibility was demonstrated using a prospective clinical deployment of our 8 undersampled acquisition and CD‐DL reconstruction in a cohort of pediatric patients.
Improving infectious adverse event reporting for children and adolescents enrolled in clinical trials for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Elgarten Caitlin W. , Thompson Joel C. , Angiolillo Anne , Chen Zhiguo , Conway Susan , Devidas Meenakshi , Gupta Sumit , Kairalla John A. , McNeer Jennifer L. , O'Brien Maureen M. , Rabin Karen R. , Rau Rachel E. , Rheingold Susan R. , Wang Cindy , Wood Charlotte , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Loh Mignon L. , Alexander Sarah , Miller Tamara P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfections cause substantial morbidity for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Therefore, accurate characterization of infectious adverse events (AEs) reported on clinical trials is imperative to defining, comparing, and managing safety and toxicity. Here, we describe key processes implemented to improve reporting of infectious AEs on two active phase III Children's Oncology Group (COG) ALL trials. Processes include: (a) identifying infections as a targeted toxicity, (b) incorporation of infection‐specific case report form questions, and (c) physician review of AEs with real‐time data cleaning. Preliminary assessment of these processes suggests improved reporting, as well as opportunities for further improvement.
Closed‐loop recycling of thermoset composites from electric motor assembly process into flexible polyurethane foams
Authors: Couvreur Rachel , Tamrakar Sandeep , Savich Pauline , Mielewski Deborah , Kiziltas Alper 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolyurethane foams (PU) are used in many automotive applications due to their durability and sound absorption properties. This paper examines the effects of reusing predominantly silica‐filled thermoset composites as a reinforcing agent when ground to a particle size less than 106 μm (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% by wt%) on mechanical, physical, thermal, and sound absorption properties of PU foam. Young's modulus improved by 27%, and tensile strength increased by 18% with 7.5% reinforcement. Compression stress improved at 25%, 50%, and 65% strain by 37%, 41%, and 44%, respectively, with the 7.5% filler. Compression modulus increased by 66% with 7.5% filler. The addition of the filler did not impact tensile extension or tear resistance. TGA showed increased thermal stability, and the sound absorption coefficient increased over a spectrum of frequencies. This research demonstrates a promising recycling opportunity for thermoset materials and how Ford Motor Company can create a closed‐loop recycling process from an assembly aid material into another vehicle application.
An artificial neural network and Taguchi prediction on wear characteristics ofKenaf–Kevlarfabric reinforced hybrid polyester composites
Authors: Thimmaiah Sreenivas Huligere , Narayanappa Krishnamurthy , Thyavihalli Girijappa Yashas , Gulihonenahali Rajakumara Arpitha , Hemath Mohit , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Verma Akarsh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composites have found their prominent place in various applications, including aerospace, automobile and marine manufacturing industries, because of outstanding properties obtained during composite preparation. One such aspect of improving the composite property is hybridization, where natural fibers (or both natural and synthetic fibers) are combined to obtain different composite structures for diverse applications. This research aims to hybridize the composite considering Kenaf fabric and Kevlar fabric reinforced in an unsaturated polyester matrix with different proportions. Three different laminate sequences (L1, L2, and L3) were developed by considering the fabric's stacking sequence, weave pattern, and orientation. The composite laminates prepared were tested where Taguchi's method (L9 orthogonal array) and artificial neural network were used to study influencing parameters for tribological behavior of the composite. From the practical information, a prediction model from the artificial neural network is applied to forecast the wear rate of the laminates at a broader range of operating factors beyond and within the test phase. The microstructures of the worn surfaces were investigated from a scanning electron microscope to confirm the wear principle of the laminates under different cases.
Preferences for a non‐invasive prenatal test as first‐line screening for Down Syndrome: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Sim Wen Shan , Yeo Seow Heong , Choi Christina , Yeo Tai Wai , Lee Jia Jia , Huynh Vinh Anh , Finkelstein Eric Andrew , Ozdemir Semra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate preferences of pregnant women for the characteristics of prenatal testing, and to quantify their willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as first‐line screening for Down Syndrome.MethodA cross‐sectional discrete choice experiment survey including five testing attributes was administered to 192 pregnant women (≤14 weeks' gestation) who were aged ≥21 years in Singapore. We calculated marginal WTP for improvements in testing characteristics and NIPT.ResultsWe identified two groups of women with distinct preferences for prenatal testing. Women aged ≥35 years, with at least a university education, and with intention to terminate pregnancy of an affected fetus were more likely to be in the group with higher WTP for improvements in test characteristics. While participants valued increased detection rate and lower screen positive rate associated with NIPT, they also valued no risk of test failure and ability to test for birth defects using standard testing. The participants, on average, were not willing to pay for NIPT over the standard testing as a first‐line screening test.ConclusionsAs a first‐line screening, NIPT was not preferred over standard testing. The prenatal consultations should focus on each testing characteristic equally as our findings show diverse preferences for testing characteristics.
Medicine use in children aged under 12 years—Population survey in Finland
Authors: Kesti Joonas , Saastamoinen Leena , Lavikainen Piia , Sepponen Kati 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the prevalence of prescribed and over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicine use in children under 12 years of age in Finland and to examine factors associated with the medicine use.MethodsA nationwide population survey was carried out in Finland in spring 2018 with a random sample of children under 12 years (n = 8000). A response rate of 24% (n = 1921) was attained. The questionnaire was sent to the child's primary guardian. Current use of prescribed medicines and the use of OTC medicines in the preceding 2 days were the main outcome measures.ResultsOf all the children 19% had used prescribed medicines, 15% OTC medicines, and 31% either prescription or OTC medicines during the preceding 22 days. Children's health related factors were positively associated with prescribed medicine use including fairly good to poor health status, symptoms experienced, and illnesses diagnosed by a physician. The guardian's healthcare education and use of prescribed medicines were also associated with children's prescribed medicine use. Symptoms of illnesses and fairly good health status were found to be associated with childrens' use of OTC medicines.ConclusionsThe use of medicines in children under 12 years of age is quite common in Finland. As expected, children's health‐related factors were associated with medicine use. Also, guardians' healthcare education and the use of prescribed medicines were associated with children's prescription medicine use. Children's medicine use should be continuously monitored and investigated further to identify the reasons leading to appropriate and inappropriate medicine use in children.
SIRT2 promotes cell proliferation and migration through mediating ERK1/2 activation and lactosylceramide accumulation in prostate cancer
Authors: Lin Rui , Yang Yiping , Wu Eran , Zhou Menghan , Wang Shan , Zhang Qingyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is an age‐related malignancy with a high incidence and mortality rate due to lack of efficacy drugs for its therapy in late castration‐resistant stage. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylase, is associated with age‐related diseases. However, SIRT2 roles in PCa are unclear yet.MethodsData of SIRT2 expression were extracted from TCGA cohort and GSE54460 cohort. Realtime quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were employed to analyze the expression of SIRT2 in PCa tissues. Cell counting Kit‐8 assay, lentiviral transduction, flow cytometry, transwell experiments, western blot and metabolomic analysis were performed to explore the functions of SIRT2.ResultsSIRT2 exhibited increased expression in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Overexpression of SIRT2 promoted cell proliferation, the proportion of S phase, migration and invasion, and reduced apoptosis rate. The increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 indicated the regulation of SIRT2 to cell proliferation, migration and invasion through activation of ERK1/2 pathway. Furthermore, SIRT2 affected cell metabolic profile and induces lactosylceramide production through upregulation of B4GALT5, which further contributes cell migration and invasion.ConclusionsOur data suggested that SIRT2 is overexpressed in CRPC and NEPC and could promote cell growth and migration through activating ERK1/2 pathway and inducing lactosylceramide production, indicating that SIRT2 has the potential to be a new target for the treatment of PCa.
Berberine ameliorates depression‐like behavior in CUMS mice by activating TPH1 and inhibiting IDO1‐associated with tryptophan metabolism
Authors: Ge Ping‐Yuan , Qu Shu‐Yue , Ni Sai‐jia , Yao Zeng‐Ying , Qi Yi‐Yu , Zhao Xin , Guo Rui , Yang Nian‐Yun , Zhang Qi‐Chun , Zhu Hua‐Xu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBerberine, which is a potential antidepressant, exhibits definite efficiency in modulating the gut microbiota. Depressive behaviors in mice induced using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation were evaluated by behavioral experiments. The markers of neurons and synapses were measured using immunohistochemical staining. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to analyze serum inflammatory cytokines levels and neurotransmitters were evaluated by LC–MS/MS. Untargeted metabolomics of tryptophan metabolism was further performed using LC–MS/MS. The target enzymes of berberine involved in tryptophan metabolism were assayed using AutoDock and GRMACS softwares. Then, antibiotics was utilized to induce intestinal flora disturbance. Berberine improved the depressive behaviors of mice in a microbiota‐dependent manner. Increased neurons and synaptic plasticity were observed following berberine treatment. Meanwhile, berberine decreased serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐4 and increased levels of IL‐10. Moreover, berberine induced retraction of the abnormal neurotransmitters and metabolomics assays revealed that berberine promoted tryptophan biotransformation into serotonin and inhibited the kynurenine metabolism pathway, which was attributed to the potential agonist of tryptophan 5‐hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). In conclusion, berberine improves depressive symptoms in CUMS‐stimulated mice by targeting both TPH1 and IDO1, which are involved in tryptophan metabolism.