bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A universal approach to complete control in multi-channel optical structures
Authors: Gao Qi , Zhou Yun-Song , Zhao Li-Ming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The photon spin Hall effect can lead to the more general question of how to control all the light waves in a muti-channel structure (so-called complete control). To address this problem in general and thoroughly, a theoretical approach was established in this paper. Guided by this approach, the complete controls in several complicated structures are realized theoretically or numerically. We also represent this approach in the form of representation theory. The important works reported recently in this area were explained by this theory.
A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of standard care versus steroids plus standard care for treatment of pneumonia in adults admitted to Kenyan hospitals (SONIA)
Authors: Lucinde Ruth , Abdi Abdirahman , Orindi Benedict , Mwakio Stella , Gathuri Henry , Onyango Edwin , Chira Salome , Ogero Morris , Isaaka Lynda , Shangala Jimmy , Oginga Irene Njeri , Wachira Alvin , Manuthu Evans , Kariuki Hazel , Nyikuli Jared , Wekesa Cyprian , Otedo Amos , Bosire Hannah , Okoth Steve Biko , Ongalo Winston , Mukabi David , Lusamba Wilber , Muthui Beatrice , Kirui Nicholas , Adembesa Isaac , Mithi Caroline , Sood Mohammed , Ahmed Nadia , Gituma Bernard , Ongaki Vera Bina , Giabe Matiko , Omondi Charles , Ombajo Loice Achieng , Kagucia Wangeci , English Mike , Hamaluba Mainga , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella , Kamuya Dorcas , Bejon Philip , Agweyu Ambrose , Akech Samuel , Etyang Anthony Oliwa 
Published: October 2022

Background: It is unclear if adjunctive steroid therapy reduces mortality in community-acquired pneumonia, as very few studies have had mortality as a primary outcome. This question has become even more relevant following demonstration of a mortality benefit of dexamethasone when used in patients with COVID-19 who had severe disease. This has led to increased prescription of steroids in adults with community acquired pneumonia in low-resource settings even when their COVID-19 diagnosis is uncertain due to low testing rates. This pragmatic parallel randomised-controlled open-label trial will determine if adjunctive low-dose steroids for treatment of adults admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia whose SARS-CoV-2 status is either unknown or negative reduces mortality. Methods: We will enroll and randomize 2180 patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia into two arms; in Stratum A-participants will receive standard care for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia. In Stratum B-participants will receive a 10-day course of low-dose oral corticosteroids in addition to standard care. All participants will be followed up to 30 days post randomization and their final status recorded (alive or dead). An immunology sub study will be conducted on a subset of the trial participants (50 per arm) to determine the correlation of pre-existing and treatment induced immune and metabolic changes with study outcomes. Discussion: Mortality among adults admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings is high. Steroids are readily available in these settings. If the addition of steroids to standard care for community acquired pneumonia is found to be beneficial, this easily scalable intervention would significantly reduce the currently high mortality associated with the illness.
Online Assortment Optimization for Two-Sided Matching Platforms
Authors: Aouad Ali , Saban Daniela 
Published: October 2022

Motivated by online labor markets, we consider the online assortment optimization problem faced by a two-sided matching platform that hosts a set of suppliers waiting to match with a customer. Arriving customers are shown an assortment of suppliers and may choose to issue a match request to one of them. After spending some time on the platform, each supplier reviews all the match requests she has received and, based on her preferences, she chooses whether to match with a customer or to leave unmatched. We study how platforms should design online assortment algorithms to maximize the expected number of matches in such two-sided settings. We establish that a simple greedy algorithm is 1/2-competitive against an optimal clairvoyant algorithm that knows in advance the full sequence of customers’ arrivals. However, unlike related online assortment problems, no randomized algorithm can achieve a better competitive ratio, even in asymptotic regimes. To advance beyond this general impossibility, we consider structured settings where suppliers’ preferences are described by the multinomial logit and nested logit choice models. We develop new forms of balancing algorithms, which we call preference-aware, that leverage structural information about suppliers’ choice models to design the associated discount function. In certain settings, these algorithms attain competitive ratios provably larger than the standard “barrier” of [Formula: see text] in the adversarial arrival model. Our results suggest that the shape and timing of suppliers’ choices play critical roles in designing online assortment algorithms for two-sided matching platforms. This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4464 .
Online parent training platform for complementary treatment of disruptive behavior disorders in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Chequer de Castro Paiva Gabrielle , Ferreira e Santos Daniel Augusto , Silva Jales Julia , Romano-Silva Marco Aurélio , Marques de Miranda Débora 
Published: October 2022

Background
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with a diversity of impairments and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a very frequent comorbidity. Parent Training, as an evidence-based intervention, seems effective in reducing externalizing/disruptive behaviors, possibly leading to a better prognosis. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an online parent training model as a complementary treatment for ADHD and ODD.

Methods
Patients and their families will be screened upon their entry into the Research Center of Impulsivity and Attention (NITIDA) at UFMG—Brazil. Ninety families whose children are male, between 6–12 years old, and have significant externalizing symptoms and whose primary caregiver have complete high school education will be invited to participate. Families will be randomized (1:1) into 03 groups: 1) standard care; 2) standard care + face-to-face parent training; 3) standard care + online parent training. Interventions are analogous, differing only in delivery format. In the face-to-face format, the intervention will be conducted by a specialized therapist and the online format will be carried out through a platform. There will be six sessions/modules, arranged on a weekly basis. Measures of externalizing symptoms, parental and children quality of life, parental stress and parenting style will be collected at baseline and after the intervention.

Discussion
This clinical trial intends to verify the effects of a new, online, model of an evidence-based intervention, which would allow a wider access in the Brazilian context.

Trial registration
Registered on Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC). Number: RBR-6cvc85. July 24th (2020) 05:35 pm.
Fasting blood glucose and risk of incident pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kim Young Jin , Oh Chang-Mo , Park Sung Keun , Jung Ju Young , Kim Min-Ho , Ha Eunhee , Nam Do Jin , Kim Yeji , Yang Eun Hye , Lee Hyo Choon , Shin Soon Su , Ryoo Jae-Hong 
Published: October 2022

Background
The number of patients with diabetes and impaired fasting blood glucose in Korea is rapidly increasing compared to the past, and other metabolic indicators of population are also changed in recent years. To clarify the mechanism more clearly, we investigated the association between fasting blood glucose and incidence of pancreatic cancer in this retrospective cohort study.

Methods
In Korea National Health Information Database, 19,050 participants without pancreatic cancer in 2009 were enrolled, and followed up until 2013. We assessed the risk of incident pancreatic cancer according to the quartile groups of fasting blood glucose level (quartile 1: <88 mg/dL, quartile 2: 88–97 mg/dL, quartile 3: 97–109 mg/dL and quartile 4: ≥109 mg/dL). Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard model was used in calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident pancreatic cancer.

Results
Compared with quartile1 (reference), unadjusted HRs and 95% CI for incident pancreatic cancer significantly increased in order of quartile2 (1.39 [1.01–1.92]), quartile3 (1.50 [1.09–2.07]) and quartile4 (2.18 [1.62–2.95]), and fully adjusted HRs and 95% CI significantly increased from quartile2 (1.47 [1.05–2.04]), quartile3 (1.61 [1.05–2.04]) to quartile4 (2.31 [1.68–3.17]).

Conclusion
Fasting blood glucose even with pre-diabetic range was significantly associated with the incident pancreatic cancer in Korean.
Development and validation of a clinical predictive model for severe and critical pediatric COVID-19 infection
Authors: Wong Judith Ju Ming , Abbas Qalab , Liauw Felix , Malisie Ririe Fachrina , Gan Chin Seng , Abid Muhammad , Efar Pustika , Gloriana Josephine , Chuah Soo Lin , Sultana Rehena , Thoon Koh Cheng , Yung Chee Fu , Lee Jan Hau ,   PACCOVRA Investigators of the PACCMAN research group
Published: October 2022

IntroductionChildren infected with COVID-19 are susceptible to severe manifestations. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for severe/ critical pediatric COVID-19 infection utilizing routinely available hospital level data to ascertain the likelihood of developing severe manifestations.MethodsThe predictive model was based on an analysis of registry data from COVID-19 positive patients admitted to five tertiary pediatric hospitals across Asia [Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia (two centers) and Pakistan]. Independent predictors of severe/critical COVID-19 infection were determined using multivariable logistic regression. A training cohort (n = 802, 70%) was used to develop the prediction model which was then validated in a test cohort (n = 345, 30%). The discriminative ability and performance of this model was assessed by calculating the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from final Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC).ResultsA total of 1147 patients were included in this analysis. In the multivariable model, infant age group, presence of comorbidities, fever, vomiting, seizures and higher absolute neutrophil count were associated with an increased risk of developing severe/critical COVID-19 infection. The presence of coryza at presentation, higher hemoglobin and platelet count were associated with a decreased risk of severe/critical COVID-19 infection. The AUC (95%CI) generated for this model from the training and validation cohort were 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) and 0.92 (0.86, 0.97), respectively.ConclusionThis predictive model using clinical history and commonly used laboratory values was valuable in estimating the risk of developing a severe/critical COVID-19 infection in hospitalized children. Further validation is needed to provide more insights into its utility in clinical practice.
Knowledge, beliefs, attitude, and practices of E-cigarette use among dental students: A multinational survey
Authors: Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Folayan Morenike O. , Halboub Esam , Khader Yousef , Omar Ridwaan , Amran Abdullah G. , Al-Batayneh Ola B. , Celebić Asja , Persic Sanja , Kocaelli Humeyra , Suleyman Firas , Alkheraif Abdulaziz A. , Divakar Darshan D. , Mufadhal Abdulbaset A. , Al-Wesabi Mohammed A. , Alhajj Wadhah A. , Aldumaini Mokhtar A. , Khan Saadika , Al-Dhelai Thiyezen A. , Alqahtani Ahmed Shaher , Murad Ali H. , Makzoumé Joseph E. , Kohli Shivani , Ziyad Tareq A. 
Published: October 2022

Background
E-cigarette use is a trend worldwide nowadays with mounting evidence on associated morbidities and mortality. Dentists can modify the smoking behaviors of their patients. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, beliefs, attitude, and practice of E-cigarette use among dental students.

Materials and methods
This multinational, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study recruited undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools in 11 countries. The outcome variable was current smoking status (non-smoker, E-cigarette user only, tobacco cigarette smoker only, dual user). The explanatory variables were country of residence, sex, age, marital status, and educational level. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the explanatory variables associated with E-cigarette smoking.

Results
Of the 5697 study participants, 5156 (90.8%) had heard about E-cigarette, and social media was the most reported source of information for 33.2% of the participants. For the 5676 current users of E-cigarette and/or tobacco smoking, 4.5% use E-cigarette, and 4.6% were dual users. There were significant associations between knowledge and country (P< 0.05), educational level (B = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21; P = 0.016) and smoking status (P< 0.05). The country of residence (P< 0.05) and smoking status (P< 0.05) were the only statistically significant factors associated with current smoking status. Similarly, there were statistically significant associations between attitude and country (P< 0.05 for one country only compared to the reference) and history of previous E-cigarette exposure (B = -0.52; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.13; P = 0.009). Also, the practice of E-cigarettes was significantly associated with country (P< 0.05 for two countries only compared to the reference) and gender (B = -0.33; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.13; P = 0.001).

Conclusion
The knowledge of dental students about E-cigarette was unsatisfactory, yet their beliefs and attitudes were acceptable. Topics about E-cigarette should be implemented in the dental curriculum.
Task-based profiles of language impairment and their relationship to cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lowit Anja , Thies Tabea , Steffen Julia , Scheele Franziska , Roheger Mandy , Kalbe Elke , Barbe Michael 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is associated with both motor and non-motor problems, such as cognitive impairment. Particular focus in this area has been on the relationship between language impairment and decline in other cognitive functions, with the literature currently inconclusive on how the nature and degree of language impairment relate to cognition or other measures of disease severity. In addition, little information is available on how language problems identified in experimental task set-ups relate to competency in self-generated language paradigms such as picture description, monologues or conversations. This study aimed to inform clinical management of language impairment in PD by exploring (1) language performance across a range of experimental as well as self-generated language tasks, (2) how the relationship between these two aspects might be affected by the nature of the cognitive and language assessment; and (3) to what degree performance can be predicted across the language tasks.

Methods
22 non-demented people with PD (PwPD) and 22 healthy control participants performed a range of cognitive and language tasks. Cognitive tasks included a screening assessment in addition to tests for set shifting, short term memory, attention, as well as letter and category fluency. Language was investigated in highly controlled grammar tasks as well as a Sentence Generation and a Narrative.

Results
The study highlighted impaired ability in set-shifting and letter fluency in the executive function tasks, and a higher rate of grammatical and lexical errors across all language tasks in the PD group. The performance in the grammar task was linked to set shifting ability, but error rates in Sentence Generation and Narrative were independent of this. There was no relevant relationship between performances across the three language tasks.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that there is a link between executive function and language performance, but that this is task dependent in non-demented PwPD. This has implications for the management of language impairment in PD, both for assessment and for designing effective interventions.
Compassion fatigue among frontline healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic in Tunisia
Authors: Omri Nihel , Ezzi Olfa , Ammar Asma , Benzarti Wafa , Loghmari Dorra , Toulgui Emna , Ben Abdelkarim Asma , Boukadida Asma , Njah Mansour , Mahjoub Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are highly vulnerable to compassion fatigue (CF), which not only leads to decreased mental and physical health, but also to deterioration in the safety of care delivered. Our study aims to measure compassion satisfaction (CS), CF levels and their predictors among Tunisian HCWs.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among HCWs caring for confirmed and suspected Covid-19 patients, staff at two university hospitals in Sousse, Tunisia during the 4thwave of coronavirus through a self-administrated Questionnaire, using the French version of the Professional Quality of Life scale ProQol, version 5.

Results
A total of 274 professionals were recruited with a mean age of 32.87±8.35 years. HCWs tend to have an overall moderate levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burnout with mean scores 35.09±7.08, 29.72±7.62, 28.54±5.44 respectively. Self-reported resilience (β = 0.14, p = 10−3), work engagement (β = 0.39, p = 10−3) and burnout (β = -0.32, p = 10−3) were the predictors of compassion satisfaction in the linear regression analysis (adjusted r2 = 0.45). Similarly, limited work experience, compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic sub-scores were the determinants of burnout (β = -0.1, p = 0.04; β = -0.54, p = 10−3; β = 0.35, p = 10−3 respectively); (adjusted r2 = 0.48). Regarding STS, female professionals (β = 0.20, p = 10−3), being married (β = 0.19, p = 10−3), the fear of transmitting the infection (β = 0.11, p = 0.03) and burnout (β = 0.39, p = 10−3) were the predictors for the occurrence of secondary traumatic stress (adjusted r2 = 0.48).

Conclusion
More resilience promoting interventions and more coping skills programs must be implemented to fulfill HCWs’ psychological well-being needs.
Proinflammatory profile in the skin of Parkinson’s disease patients with and without pain
Authors: Lama Joana , Salabasidou Elena , Volkmann Jens , Kuzkina Anastasia , Duty Susan , Üçeyler Nurcan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPain is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson`s disease (PD), however, its pathomechanism remains elusive.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the local gene expression of selected proinflammatory mediators in patients with PD and correlated our data with patients`pain phenotype.MethodsWe recruited 30 patients with PD and 30 healthy controls. Pain intensity of patients was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and patients were stratified into PD pain (NRS≥4) and PD No Pain (NRS<4) subgroups. Skin punch biopsies were immunoassayed for protein-gene product 9.5 as a pan-neuronal marker and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IEFND). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to assess the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in the skin compared to controls.ResultsPatients with PD had lower distal IENFD compared to healthy controls. In skin samples, IL-2 (p<0.001) and TNF-α (p<0.01) were expressed higher in PD patients compared to controls. IL-1β (p<0.05) was expressed higher in the PD pain group compared to healthy controls. PD patients with pain receiving analgesics had a lower expression of TNF-α (p<0.05) in the skin compared to those not receiving treatment.ConclusionsOur data suggest the occurrence of a local, peripheral inflammatory response in the skin in PD, but do not support this being a relevant factor contributing to pain in PD.
Management and outcome of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture—A Low-Middle-Income Country Experience
Authors: Aijaz Saba , Peerwani Ghazal , Bugti Asadullah , Sheikh Sana , Mustaqeem Marium , Mal Sharwan Bhuro , Memon Ahson , Khan Ghufranullah , Pathan Asad 
Published: October 2022

Background
Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) especially in the reperfusion era but its associated mortality has remained high. This case series evaluated in-hospital and intermediate-term mortality in VSR patients. Additionally, we also analyzed risk factors, clinical presentation, intervention, and predictors of in-hospital mortality in VSR patients.

Methods
Data of 67 patients with echocardiography confirmed diagnosis of VSR from January 2011 to April 2020 was extracted from hospital medical records. Records were also reviewed to document 30 day and 1-year mortality, recurrent heart failure admission, repeat myocardial infarction, and revascularization. In addition, telephonic follow-up was done to assess health-related quality of life(HRQOL) assessed by KCCQ-12. SCAI shock classification was used to categorize severity of cardiogenic shock. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality. Survival function was presented using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve.

Results
Mean age of patients was 62.7 ± 11.1 years, 62.7% were males. 65.7% of the patients presented more than 24 hours after MI and did not receive reperfusion therapy. Median time from AMI to VSR diagnosis was 2 (1–5) days. VSR closure was attempted in 53.7% patients. In-hospital mortality was 65.7%. At univariate level, predictors of in-hospital mortality were non-surgical management, basal VSR, right ventricular dysfunction, early VSR post-MI, and severe cardiogenic shock at admission (class C, D, or E). Adjusted predictors of in-hospital mortality included non-surgical management, basal VSR and advanced cardiogenic shock. There were 5 deaths during median followup of 44.1 months. HRQOL in patients available on followup was good (54.5%) or excellent (45.5%).

Conclusion
High in-hospital mortality was seen in VSR patients. VSR closure is the preferred treatment to get long-term survival, however, timing of repair as well as severity of cardiogenic shock plays a significant role in determining prognosis.