bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How are cities planning for heat? Analysis of United States municipal plans
Authors: Turner V Kelly , French Emma M , Dialesandro John , Middel Ariane , M Hondula David , Weiss George Ban , Abdellati Hana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Heat has become a central concern for cities everywhere, but heat governance has historically lagged behind other climate change hazards. This study examines 175 municipal plans from the 50 most populous cities in the United States to understand which aspects of urban heat are included or not in city plans and what factors explain inclusion. We find that a majority of plans mention heat, but few include strategies to address it and even fewer cite sources of information. The term ‘extreme heat event’ (EHE) is significantly more likely to be paired with institutional actions as a part of hazard planning, while ‘urban heat island’ (UHI) is more likely to be paired with green and grey infrastructure interventions as a part of general planning. Disparity and thermal comfort framings are not significantly related to any solutions and are used least. Plan type, followed by environmental networks (e.g. C40, Urban Sustainability Directors Network, Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities), explain variation in plan content; social and environmental context do not. Findings point to the emergence of two independent heat governance systems, EHE and UHI, and several gaps in heat planning: integration, specificity, solutions, disparity, economy, and thermal comfort.
Assessment of livelihood risks due to climate change and ecological resources in Can Gio mangrove biosphere reserve, Vietnam
Authors: Hoa L T , Dinh P T , Chau N T P , Thuy N T T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve was recognized as a global biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 2000 with a typical diverse flora and fauna of the mangroves of Vietnam and Southeast Asia. People’s livelihoods in Can Gio depend largely on natural resources. Thus, any negative changes due to climate change will directly affect their livelihoods. These changes are potential risks affecting the livelihoods of local residents.
The study was conducted based on the interview results of 537 local residents using a structured questionnaire and 45 in-depth interviews using data of open-ended questions designed based on the 5-point Likert scale. A set of criteria was developed according to the sustainable livelihood framework of DFID (1999) and climate change framework of IPCC (2014) to assess the impacts of environment and climate change on livelihood risks in the study area.
This study used weighting methodology for qualitative data and GIS methodology to identify the risks of 13 livelihood genres affected by changes in climate and ecological resources of Can Gio mangrove forest. The results show that there is a difference in the levels of livelihood risk caused by climate change. Almost thirteen types of livelihoods have high risks caused by climate change. As a result, there should be a risk management strategy which focuses on solutions to control hazards, exposures and vulnerabilities, along with measures to protect and support livelihood resources for Can Gio local residents.
Livelihood of salt farmers in the context of environmental changes in Can Gio district, Vietnam
Authors: Tran P G , Hoa L T , Hien N T T , Oanh N T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Agricultural production is highly dependent on the environment and sensitive to environmental changes. During the past time, the changes in natural and socio-economic factors have strongly affected salt production. Thus, salt farmers in Can Gio, Ho Chi Minh City have put great effort into implementing various solutions to overcome the difficulties to maintain production, secure income, stabilize life and preserve traditional occupation. To have a full and systematic view on this issue, a study on the livelihoods of salt farmers in the context of environmental changes was carried out. The study used the social survey method with a sample size of 106 salt-producing households in Can Gio district. Data collection tool is a structured questionnaire and data analysis methods are descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that salt production is a livelihood that is easily vulnerable to changes in natural and socio-economic factors. As for the natural factors, early and erratic rains are the main risk for salt production. Regarding the socio-economic factors, unstable markets, falling selling prices and increasing production costs bring many risks to salt farmers. They perceive environmental changes and their impacts on their livelihoods. The current livelihood capacities of farmers including financial, technical and institutional capacities for salt production are not high. Solutions implemented locally to deal with negative environmental impacts include adjusting production inputs, diversifying livelihoods and connecting salt production areas with consumption markets.
Eco-agritourism as an Ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) against climate change impacts for the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: a viewpoint
Authors: Trang N T T , Loc H H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The sustainable development of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is constantly challenged by many natural disasters, especially the recent intensification of sea-level rise and salinity intrusion. Instead of trying to train the environment, the VMD farmers have adopted new adaptive livelihood models that promote more harmonious strategies to live with nature, seeking the compromising point between generating income and restoring the environmental benefits. The focus of this paper is one such approach, the ecological shrimp farming model of Ben Tre province. Presented herewith is the authors’ viewpoint regarding the barriers and opportunities to develop the eco-agritourism model based on the ecological shrimp farming model in the VMD. We took note of the standing challenges for the farmers in sustaining their farms, both technically and financially. From the follow-up PRA, we contributed the evaluation of the potentials in incorporating ecotourism into the existing ecological shrimp farms. The findings are non-exhaustive, however, are significant to both decision-makers and scientific communities. As for the former, tourism development lies within the socio-economic development plan of Ben Tre province; this paper will be useful to communicate with policy planners of a note-worthy emerging ecotourism model. We also remarked on the community needs and expectations for the government. We also discussed the possibility of upscaling the eco-agritourism model via the channel of EBA research and development schemes while contributing to multiple SDGs. In addition, we also contributed a novel interpretation of eco-agritourism that are relevant to the community-based adaption strategies against climate change impacts.
Sustainable development of marine economy in Da Nang city - from perception to reality
Authors: Hoa L N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Da Nang is a city located in the central key economic region of Vietnam, which has an important geo-political-economic position. In addition, this area is also the center of road, rail, sea, and air traffic in Vietnam. With a favorable geographical position and natural conditions, Da Nang has many potentials and advantages for sustainable development of the marine economy in association with the protection of sovereignty and national interests at sea. Using analytical, synthesis, and logical methods, the article clarifies the potential and advantages of Da Nang city in marine economic development, thereby assessing the status of marine economic development and raising a number of issues posed by the sustainable development of the marine economy in Da Nang.
Web Mapping For Forest Environmental Services of Protected Areas
Authors: Phuong V N T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Forest environmental services (FES) is a key solution to balance conservation and local development. For in-situ conservation, only a small number of Vietnam’s protected areas that have FES activities and revenue from their PFES has been low. Increasing awareness and sharing information and knowledge of protected areas’ PFES to promote PFES policy is needed. Among sharing information media, web map has recently been paid attention to. This study aims to develop a multi-scale web map of protected areas’ FES. Study areas include CatTien National Park (NP) (detailed scale), NPs of Southeast Vietnam, and social-economic zones (generalized scales). Input data include provincial reports on PFES projects, provincial PFES plans, and GIS data on provincial/NP’s forest resources and management and protection of the forest. Based on Law on Forestry 2017, Decree 156/NĐ-CP, and related regulations, GIS analysis was carried out to calculate K-Coefficient; supplied and paid FES areas; the amount of payment; and socio-economic and environmental impacts of PFES. The web map, which is developed and published via ArcGIS Platform, is a series of 53/79 expected multi-scale maps with interactive tools. The result shows that web mapping of protected areas’ FES is feasible. Although there is a limitation of data collection, the web map result is acceptable for the purpose of sharing information and raising people’s awareness.
Land use change effects to soil erosion in the Coastal Thailand and a lesson for Vietnam
Authors: Huan V D , Chaikaew P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Remotely sensed data that is a free download from the internet as Landsat 7 images and rainfall data was obtained in 1989, 2005, and 2020. These data were integrated with maps and field surveys to produce 30-year historic land use and land cover (LULC) changes. Multi-Criteria Modeling (MCM) was constructed for mapping soil erosion risk areas in the provincial scale in the coastal of Thailand. To identify possible soil erosion risk regions, classified satellite images were combined with soil properties, slope, and rainfall data. Ground truth data with Global Positioning System (GPS) was applied for accuracy assessment of satellite image classification that achieved over 81% land use mapping accuracy level. The study finds that urban and orchards increased by 4.58% and 4.96%, respectively, while evergreen forest decreased by 10.18%. GIS analysis and modeling presented the estimation of areas of very high risk of soil erosion as 337,483.90 ha (0.53%) in the study area. A lesson for Coastal Vietnam as Thua Thien Hue province where soil erosion is caused by its high terrain and heavy rain.
Dual-core coaxial bioprinting of double-channel constructs with a potential for perfusion and interaction of cells
Authors: Yu Yanrong , Xie Renjian , He Yueteng , Zhao Furong , Zhang Quan , Wang Wei , Zhang Yong , Hu Jiawei , Luo Dan , Peng Weijie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coaxial bioprinting of hydrogel tubes has tremendous potential in the fabrication of highly complex large-scale vascularized structures, however, constructs with bioinks of simultaneous weak printability and perfusable networks have not been reported. Here, we report a coaxial printing method in which double-channel filaments are three-dimensional (3D) extrusion-bioprinted using a customized dual-core coaxial nozzle. The filament in one channel can perform core/shell role and the other channel can play a role in perfusion. These parallel channels within filaments are separated by an interval wall of alginate, whose thickness (∼50 μm) is beneficial to supplement nutrients via perfusion. Different cell-laden hydrogels of weak mechanics were used to test the adaptability and perfusability of our method, and the results showed that dynamic perfusion maintained higher viability and functions than static culture. By combining with a bioprinter, 8-layer perfusable double-channel constructs were fabricated, and the cell viabilities gradually decreased with the reduction in nutrients and oxygen in the downstream medium. Furthermore, the double-channel filaments were tested as a platform to mimic dynamic functions between cells through sequential perfusion by using Mouse insulinoma 6 (Min6) and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) as the model cells. These results demonstrated the insulin secreted by Min6 upstream simulated and increased the uptake of glucose by the downstream HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our study provided evidence for the probability of all-in-one fabrication of 3D double-channel perfusable constructs with high simplicity, expansibility, and versability. Our strategy has significant potential for building large-scale tissue constructs for applications in tissue engineering, possibly even in drug screening and regenerative medicine.
Research on selective uptake of photosensitizer C3N4@RP by different cancer cells
Authors: Liu Jiaxiu , Chen Jingying , Lin Xitong , Zhang Shuchao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a clinical treatment, can remove malignant cells upon laser irradiation by selective uptake of photosensitizer (PS). The relative contribution of these antitumor effects depends largely on the dose and uptake of PS. In this study, C3N4@RP was chosen as a candidate for selective uptake studies of different cancer cells. C3N4@RP has been proved to possess excellent properties, including absorption edges extending up to 700 nm, efficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, and favorable intracellular fluorescence localization. Considering the optimal therapeutic effect, we first incubated different concentrations of PS with A549 cells and HeLa cells in vitro to observe the uptake efficiency at different times. At a concentration of 20 μg ml−1, the cellular uptake by A549 and HeLa showed a time-dependent accumulation. The increasing accumulation for cancer cells at the most effective cellular uptake for 24 h follows an order of HeLa > A549. These results suggest that different types of cancer cells have different uptake saturation times for the same PS. All of the presented results support the idea that a properly designed PS is suitable for specific cancer at a specific time to achieve the best therapeutic effect.
Two stream instabilities in unmagnetized nonrelativistic quantum plasma
Authors: Singh Shiva Shakti , Jyoti  , Misra Kamakhya Prakash 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyse instabilities and growth rate in unmagnetized dense non-relativistic collisionless quantum plasma under the impact of dynamics of ions. Model of quantum hydrodynamics is used to observe the streaming instabilities in highly dense inhomogeneous unmagnetized quantum plasma at low temperature. The model includes continuity and momentum equations for degenerate electrons and nondegenerate ions which interact with each other due to electrostatic field. Using normal mode analysis and linearization, perturbed potential is obtained in terms of unperturbed parameters with the help of first order perturbation in densities and velocities of electrons and ions while neglecting higher order perturbations. Variation in growth rates for detected instabilities is observed by using appropriate quantum plasma parameters.
On the correspondence between domination and the spectrum of Jacobi operators
Authors: Alkorn Kateryna , Zhang Zhenghe 
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we first develop a notion of dominated splitting for

M

(
2
,

C

)

\mathbb {M}(2,\mathbb {C})

-sequences and show it is a stable property under

‖
⋅

‖
∞

\|\cdot \|_\infty

-perturbation. Then we show an energy parameter belongs to the spectrum of a Jacobi operator, possibly singular, if and only if the associated Jacobi cocycle does not admit dominated splitting. This generalizes the results obtained by the second author [J. Spectr. Theory 10 (2020), pp. 1471–1517] in the scenario of Schrödinger operators. Finally, we consider dynamically defined Jacobi operators whose base dynamics is only assumed to be topologically transitive. We show an energy parameter belongs to the spectrum of the operator defined by the base point with a dense orbit if and only if the dynamically defined Jacobi cocycle does not admit dominated splitting. This includes the original Johnson’s theorem obtained by R. Johnson [J. Differential Equations 61 (1986), pp. 54–78] for Schrödinger operators and the main theorem obtained by C. Marx [Nonlinearity 27 (2014), pp. 3059–3072] for Jacobi operators as special cases.
Generation of Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants on the B.1.1.7 Lineage in 3 Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Disease
Authors: Riddell Anna C , Kele Beatrix , Harris Kathryn , Bible Jon , Murphy Maurice , Dakshina Subathira , Storey Nathaniel , Owoyemi Dola , Pade Corinna , Gibbons Joseph M , Harrington David , Alexander Eliza , McKnight Áine , Cutino-Moguel Teresa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is of public health concern in case of vaccine escape. Described are 3 patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection in whom there is evidence of selection and persistence of novel mutations that are associated with increased transmissibility and immune escape.
Doravirine Concentrations and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in the Genital Fluids of Virologically Suppressed Adults Switching to Doravirine Plus Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide
Authors: Scévola Sofía , Imaz Arkaitz , Cottrell Mackenzie L , Niubo Jordi , Van Horne Brian , Tiraboschi Juan , Saumoy Maria , Morenilla Sandra , Soriano Irene , Kashuba Angela D M , Podzamczer Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Doravirine (DOR) concentrations and HIV-1 RNA were evaluated in genital fluids from adults with HIV on stable therapy who switched to DOR + FTC/TAF. High protein-unbound DOR concentrations were observed in both seminal plasma and cervicovaginal fluid. DOR + FTC/TAF maintained viral suppression in genital fluids in all but 1 participant.
Structural Plastome Evolution in Holoparasitic Hydnoraceae with Special Focus on Inverted and Direct Repeats
Authors: Jost Matthias , Naumann Julia , Bolin Jay F. , Martel Carlos , Rocamundi Nicolás , Cocucci Andrea A. , Lupton Darach , Neinhuis Christoph , Wanke Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plastome condensation during adaptation to a heterotrophic lifestyle is generally well understood and lineage-independent models have been derived. However, understanding the evolutionary trajectories of comparatively old heterotrophic lineages that are on the cusp of a minimal plastome, is essential to complement and expand current knowledge. We study Hydnoraceae, one of the oldest and least investigated parasitic angiosperm lineages. Plastome comparative genomics, using seven out of eight known species of the genus Hydnora and three species of Prosopanche, reveal a high degree of structural similarity and shared gene content; contrasted by striking dissimilarities with respect to repeat content [inverted and direct repeats (DRs)]. We identified varying inverted repeat contents and positions, likely resulting from multiple, independent evolutionary events, and a DR gain in Prosopanche. Considering different evolutionary trajectories and based on a fully resolved and supported species-level phylogenetic hypothesis, we describe three possible, distinct models to explain the Hydnoraceae plastome states. For comparative purposes, we also report the first plastid genomes for the closely related autotrophic genera Lactoris (Lactoridaceae) and Thottea (Aristolochiaceae).
The Association Between Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shakya Shamatree , Bajracharya Rashmita , Ledbetter Leila , Cary Michael P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Enhanced management and prevention of frailty depend on our understanding of the association between potentially modifiable risk factors and frailty. However, the associations between potentially modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors and frailty are not clear. The purpose of this review was to appraise and synthesize the current evidence examining the associations between the cardiometabolic risk factors and frailty.

Research Design and Methods
Multiple databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (via Elsevier), and Web of Science (via Clarivate), were searched extensively. Studies that examined cardiometabolic risk factors and frailty as main predictors and outcome of interest, respectively, among older adults (≥60 years) were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to evaluate the quality of studies. PRISMA (2020) guided this review, and findings were synthesized without meta-analysis. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021252565).

Results
Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and multiple co-occurring cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with the increased likelihood of frailty in older adults. There was inconsistency across the studies regarding the associations between dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and frailty.

Discussion and Implications
Understanding the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and frailty can have translational benefits in developing tailored interventions for the prevention and management of frailty. More studies are needed to validate predictive and clinically significant associations between single and specific combinations of co-occurring cardiometabolic risk factors and frailty.
Anisotropic cosmic ray diffusion in isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence
Authors: Reichherzer P , Becker Tjus J , Zweibel E G , Merten L , Pueschel M J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding the time-scales for diffusive processes and their degree of anisotropy is essential for modelling cosmic ray transport in turbulent magnetic fields. We show that the diffusion time-scales are isotropic over a large range of energy and turbulence levels, notwithstanding the high degree of anisotropy exhibited by the components of the diffusion tensor for cases with an ordered magnetic field component. The predictive power of the classical scattering relation as a description for the relation between the parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients is discussed and compared to numerical simulations. Very good agreement for a large parameter space is found, transforming classical scattering relation predictions into a computational prescription for the perpendicular component. We discuss and compare these findings, in particular, the time-scales to become diffusive with the time-scales that particles reside in astronomical environments, the so-called escape time-scales. The results show that, especially at high energies, the escape times obtained from diffusion coefficients may exceed the time-scales required for diffusion. In these cases, the escape time cannot be determined by the diffusion coefficients.