bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Who am I going to stay with? Who will accept me?”: family‐level domains influencing HIV care engagement among disengaged adolescents in Kenya
Authors: Myers Courtney , Apondi Edith , Toromo Judith J. , Omollo Mark , Bakari Salim , Aluoch Josephine , Sang Festus , Njoroge Tabitha , Morris Zariel , Kantor Rami , Braitstein Paula , Nyandiko Winstone M. , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara , Elul Batya , Vreeman Rachel C. , Enane Leslie A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents living with HIV (ALHIV, ages 10–19) have developmentally specific needs in care, and have lower retention compared to other age groups. Family‐level contexts may be critical to adolescent HIV outcomes, but have often been overlooked. We investigated family‐level factors underlying disengagement and supporting re‐engagement among adolescents disengaged from HIV care.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were performed with 42 disengaged ALHIV, 32 of their caregivers and 28 healthcare workers (HCW) in the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) program in western Kenya, from 2018 to 2020. Disengaged ALHIV had ≥1 visit within the 18 months prior to data collection at one of two sites and nonattendance ≥60 days following their last scheduled appointment. HCW were recruited from 10 clinics. Transcripts were analysed through thematic analysis. A conceptual model for family‐level domains influencing adolescent HIV care engagement was developed from these themes.ResultsFamily‐level factors emerged as central to disengagement. ALHIV‐particularly those orphaned by the loss of one or both parents‐experienced challenges when new caregivers or unstable living situations limited support for HIV care. These challenges were compounded by anticipated stigma; resultant non‐disclosure of HIV status to household members; enacted stigma in the household, with overwhelming effects on adolescents; or experiences of multiple forms of trauma, which undermined HIV care engagement. Some caregivers lacked finances or social support to facilitate care. Others did not feel equipped to support adolescent engagement or adherence. Regarding facilitators to re‐engagement, participants described roles for household disclosure; and solidarity from caregivers, especially those also living with HIV. Family‐level domains influencing HIV care engagement were conceptualized as follows: (1) adolescent living situation and contexts; (2) household material resources or poverty; (3) caregiver capacities and skills to support adolescent HIV care; and (4) HIV stigma or solidarity at the household level.ConclusionsFamily‐level factors are integral to retention in care for ALHIV. The conceptual model developed in this study for family‐level influences on care engagement may inform holistic approaches to promote healthy outcomes for ALHIV. Developmentally appropriate interventions targeting household relationships, disclosure, HIV stigma reduction, HIV care skills and resources, and economic empowerment may promote adolescent engagement in HIV care.
Time‐Resolved Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging of Paraspinal Muscles
Authors: Miyazaki Mitsue , Yamamoto Asako , Malis Vadim , Statum Sheronda , Chung Christine B. , Sozanski Jesse , Bae Won C. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWhile evaluation of blood perfusion in lumbar paraspinal muscles is of interest in low back pain, it has not been performed using noncontrast magnetic resonance (MR) techniques.PurposeTo introduce a novel application of a time‐resolved, noncontrast MR perfusion technique for paraspinal muscles and demonstrate effect of exercise on perfusion parameters.Study TypeLongitudinal.SubjectsSix healthy subjects (27–48 years old, two females) and two subjects with acute low back pain (46 and 65 years old females, one with diabetes/obesity).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, MR perfusion sequence.AssessmentLumbar spines of healthy subjects were imaged axially at L3 level with a tag‐on and tag‐off alternating inversion recovery arterial spin labeling technique that suppresses background signal and acquires signal increase ratio (SIR) from the in‐flow blood at varying inversion times (TI) from 0.12 seconds to 3.5 seconds. SIR vs. TI data were fit to determine the perfusion metrics of peak height (PH), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time, apparent muscle blood volume (MBV), and apparent muscle blood flow (MBF) in iliocostal, longissimus, and multifidus. Imaging was repeated immediately after healthy subjects performed a 20‐minute walk, to determine the effect of exercise.Statistical TestsRepeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsSIR vs. TI data showed well‐defined leading and trailing edges, with sharply increasing SIR to TI of approximately 500 msec subsiding quickly to near zero around TI of 1500 msec. After exercise, the mean SIR at every TI increased markedly, resulting in significantly higher PH, MBV, and MBF (each P < 0.001 and F > 28.9), and a lower TTP (P < 0.05, F = 4.5), regardless of the muscle. MBF increased 2‐ to 2.5‐fold after exercise, similar to the expected increase in cardiac output, given the intensity of the exercise.Data ConclusionsFeasibility of an MR perfusion technique for muscle perfusion imaging was demonstrated, successfully detecting significantly increased perfusion after exercise.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Antibacterial mechanism of ultrasound combined with sodium hypochlorite and their application in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis)
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Zhang Min , Mujumdar Arun S. , Liu Kun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to prolong the storage and inhibit microorganisms of pakchoi, the antibacterial activity and mechanism of ultrasound combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO‐US), the efficiency of NaClO‐US in reducing Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as preserving quality of pakchoi were investigated.RESULTSUltrasound treatment could significantly reduce the usage of NaClO solution from 800 ppm to 500 ppm. NaClO‐US decreased the counts of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, which disrupted the bacterial cell membrane with cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, NaClO‐US significantly increased cell membrane permeability, while cell membrane integrity decreased, the secondary structure of bacterial proteins showed several obvious changes, such as the increase of random coil content, as well as the decrease of α‐helix content. The bacterial counts, E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa population in pakchoi treated with NaClO‐US reduced by 1.89, 1.40, 1.60, 1.72 log CFU g−1, respectively compared to control sample after storage for 15 days. NaClO‐US resulted in minimum chlorophyll depletion, flavor and sensory deterioration.CONCLUSIONNaClO‐US solution treatment inhibited microorganisms and prolonged storage of pakchoi. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae co‐fermentation on the structure and flavor of wheat noodles
Authors: Ge Zhenzhen , Wang Weijing , Xu Mingyue , Gao Shanshan , Zhao Yuxiang , Wei Xiaopeng , Zhao Guangyuan , Zong Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough traditional fermented noodles possess high eating quality, it is difficult to realize large‐scale industrialization as a result of the complexity of spontaneous fermentation. In present study, commercial Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were applied in the preparation of fermented noodles.RESULTSThe changes in the structural characteristics and aroma components of noodles after fermentation were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), low‐field magenetic resonance imaging, electronic nose, and simultaneous distillation and extraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. SEM images revealed that co‐fermentation of the L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae for 10–40 min enhanced the continuity of the gluten network and promoted the formation of pores. FTIR spectra analysis showed that the co‐fermentation increased significantly (P < 0.05) the proportion of α‐helices of noodles gluten protein, enhancing the orderliness of the molecular structure of protein. After fermentation for 10–40 min, the signal density of hydrogen protons increased from the surface to the core, indicating that the water in the noodles migrated inward during a short fermentation process. The results of multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that the main aroma differences between unfermented and fermented noodles were mainly in hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and inorganic sulfides. GC‐MS analysis indicated that the main volatile compounds detected were 2, 4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, bis (2‐ethylhexyl) adipate, butyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, pentanol and 2‐pentylfuran, etc.CONCLUSIONCo‐fermentation with L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae improved the structure of gluten network and imparted more desirable volatile components to wheat noodles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Acidolysis of phospholipids with medium‐chain fatty acids over M‐SBA‐15 (M = Zn, Al) silicas as efficient solid catalysts
Authors: Cheng Ke , Zhang Jianghua , Yang Shasha , Yin Fawen , Li Zixuan , Wang Ting , Zhou Dayong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEfficient and sustainable production of structured phospholipids (SPLs) enriched in medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in a heterogeneous manner is crucial for their potential applications in functional foods and drugs. Herein, for the first time, Zn‐ and Al‐incorporated SBA‐15 silicas were prepared by the coprecipitation method and further researched for catalytic synthesis of MCFA‐enriched SPLs through acidolysis reaction of natural phospholipids with capric or caprylic acid.RESULTSThe as‐prepared Zn‐ and Al‐incorporated SBA‐15 samples exhibited superior catalytic activities under mild experimental conditions (50 °C, 6 h) to commercial homogeneous Lewis acids and benchmark enzymes. Correspondingly, the capric acid and caprylic acid incorporations were respectively achieved up to ~40.25 ± 0.40% (or 35.08 ± 0.09%) and 37.26 ± 0.38% (or 33.02 ± 0.13%) for Zn‐ (or Al‐) incorporated SBA‐15 catalyst. Moreover, various methods such as scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and pyridine–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the two catalysts in order to elucidate the possible structure–performance relationship. Accordingly, the above‐mentioned satisfactory results are most probably due to the well‐ordered mesostructures and large amounts of active Lewis acid sites existing in the investigated materials. Noticeably, the two catalysts featured good separation and excellent recyclability as well.CONCLUSIONThe Zn‐ and Al‐incorporated SBA‐15 catalysts studied in this work might shed light on novel, sustainable and economic alternatives for effective SPL production to diminish the applications of conventional homogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts in food industries. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Does generational thinking create differences in knowledge sharing andICTpreferences?
Authors: Bidian Catalin , Evans M. Max , Frissen Ilja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganizational strategies around employee retirement are often cast in generational terms (i.e., as knowledge transferred between older and younger generations). Within this context, research suggests generational differences in knowledge sharing preferences and in supporting information and communication technology (ICT) preferences. At the same time, others argue that the concept of generations is a myth, or a stereotype‐driven perception. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to examine whether there are generational differences in knowledge sharing and ICT preferences and (2) to examine whether perceptions of younger and older generations' preferences match their actual preferences. Data were collected from 138 survey participants (Baby Boomers, Generation Xers, and Millennials) and analyzed using ANOVAs, effect sizes, and confidence intervals. Additionally, 13 interviews were conducted with Baby Boomers and analyzed using content and narrative analyses. Findings showed no reliable differences between the three generations' preferences for knowledge sharing modalities (i.e., in writing and verbally) and methods (i.e., in person and through various ICTs). The most preferred methods were email, in‐person, telephony, and instant messaging. Most interestingly, while all generations had an accurate perception of Millennials' sharing preferences, they all demonstrated a distorted perception of Baby Boomers' preferences. Moreover, the broader the generation gap, the greater the discrepancy in perception. These findings support the postulation that generational differences may be a matter of perception rather than actuality. The most significant implication for research and practice is to retire generational thinking and to propose several alternative organizational strategies in managing knowledge continuity.
A linear wide‐angle scanning phased array based on pattern reconfigurable elements
Authors: Du Yu , Li Jian‐Ying , Li Dong , Zhang Ling‐Kai , Shu Wen‐Juan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA wide‐angle scanning phased array based on pattern reconfigurable elements is proposed. There are seven metallic cylinders arranged on both sides of each unit separately to improve the isolation. The design of metallic cavities instead of a ground plate and cooperating with cylinders ingeniously solved the inconvenience of DC bias supply, significantly reducing the size of the antenna element and the entire system, and also the coupling between elements. The 3 dB beamwidth of the joint pattern generated by the pattern reconfigurable technology covers 217° in H‐plane at 5GHz. The phased array can scan from −75° to 75° in H‐plane, with gain fluctuation within 1 dB. The phased array processes a high‐aperture efficiency of 75.76%. The measured results of the phased array prototype agree with the simulation.
Adaptive carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: Organ‐sparing potential and target coverage
Authors: Jia Shubing , Chen Jian , Ma Ningyi , Zhao Jingfang , Mao Jingfang , Jiang Guoliang , Lu Jiade , Wu Kailiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe dose distribution of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) is highly sensitive to anatomical changes.PurposeTo demonstrate the dosimetric benefits of adaptive CIRT for LANSCLC and compare the differences between patients with and without adaptive plans based on dosimetry and clinical effect factors.Materials and methodsOf the 98 patients with LANSCLC receiving CIRT, 31 patients underwent replanning following re‐evaluations that revealed changes that would have compromised the dose coverage of the target volume or violated dose constraints. Dosimetric parameters and clinical factors were compared between patients with and without adaptive plans. Multivariate analysis identified factors influencing the adaptive planning.ResultsThe median number of fractions delivered using adaptive plans was eight (range: 2‐18). Adaptive plans ensured target coverage, and the maximum spinal cord dose was significantly decreased (p = 0.02). The median reduction in the maximum spinal cord dose was 10.4 Gy (relative biological effectiveness). Patients with adaptive plans had larger tumor volumes (p < 0.001); the median initial internal gross tumor volumes (iGTVs) of patients with adaptive and nonadaptive plans were 125.9 and 49.79 cm3, respectively. Tumor volumes of patients with adaptive plans were altered to a greater extent (p < 0.001); the median absolute percentage of volume changes in patients in the adaptive and in nonadaptive groups were 20.76% and 3.63%, respectively, while the median movements of iGTV centers were 5.75 and 2.44 mm, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the iGTV volume change and iGTV center movements were significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsAn adaptive plan can effectively ensure target area coverage and protect normal tissues, especially in patients with large tumor volumes and substantial changes. iGTV volume changes and iGTV center movements are the main factors influencing adaptive planning. Weekly simulation computed tomography scans are necessary for treatment evaluation in patients with LANSCLC treated with CIRT.
Can bronchoscopically implanted anchored electromagnetic transponders be used to monitor tumor position and lung inflation during deep inspiration breath‐hold lung radiotherapy?
Authors: Harris Wendy , Yorke Ellen , Li Henry , Czmielewski Christian , Chawla Mohit , Lee Robert P. , Hotca‐Cho Alexandra , McKnight Dominique , Rimner Andreas , Lovelock D. Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of using bronchoscopically implanted anchored electromagnetic transponders (EMTs) as surrogates for 1) tumor position and 2) repeatability of lung inflation during deep‐inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) lung radiotherapy.MethodsForty‐one patients treated with either hypofractionated (HF) or conventional (CF) lung radiotherapy on an IRB‐approved prospective protocol using coached DIBH were evaluated for this study. Three anchored EMTs were bronchoscopically implanted into small airways near or within the tumor. DIBH treatment was gated by tracking the EMT positions. Breath‐hold cone‐beam‐CTs (CBCTs) were acquired prior to every HF treatment or weekly for CF patients. Retrospectively, rigid registrations between each CBCT and the breath‐hold planning CT were performed to match to 1) spine, 2) EMTs and 3) tumor. Absolute differences in registration between EMTs and spine were analyzed to determine surrogacy of EMTs for lung inflation. Differences in registration between EMTs and the tumor were analyzed to determine surrogacy of EMTs for tumor position. The stability of the EMTs was evaluated by analyzing the difference between inter‐EMT displacements recorded at treatment from that of the plan for the CF patients, as well as the geometric residual (GR) recorded at the time of treatment.ResultsA total of 219 CBCTs were analyzed. The average differences between EMT centroid and spine registration among all CBCTs were 0.45±0.42 cm, 0.29±0.28 cm, and 0.18±0.15 cm in superior‐inferior (SI), anterior‐posterior (AP) and lateral directions, respectively. Only 59% of CBCTs had differences in registration < 0.5 cm for EMT centroid compared to spine, indicating that lung inflation is not reproducible from simulation to treatment. The average differences between EMT centroid and tumor registration among all CBCTs were 0.13±0.13 cm, 0.14±0.13 cm and 0.12±0.12 cm in SI, AP and lateral directions, respectively. Ninety‐five percent of CBCTs resulted in a < 0.5 cm change between EMT centroid and tumor registration, indicating that EMT positions correspond well with tumor position during treatments. Six out of the seven recorded CF patients had average differences in inter‐EMT displacements ≤0.26 cm and average GR ≤0.22 cm, indicating that the EMTs are stable throughout treatment.ConclusionsBronchoscopically implanted anchored EMTs are good surrogates for tumor position and are reliable for maintaining tumor position when tracked during DIBH treatment, as long as the tumor size and shape are stable. Large differences in registration between EMTs and spine for many treatments suggest that lung inflation achieved at simulation is often not reproduced.
Recent progress in electron–phonon interaction of two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Bai Zhiying , He Dawei , Fu Shaohua , Miao Qing , Liu Shuangyan , Huang Mohan , Zhao Kun , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Xiaoxian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe coupling between electrons and phonons is ubiquitous in condensed matter physics. In recent years, with the rise of two dimensional (2D) materials, electron–phonon interaction exhibits unique characteristics compared with their three‐dimensional counterparts. In this paper, research progress of electron–phonon interaction in 2D materials is briefly reviewed, mainly focus on thermoelectric device, conventional superconductor, field effect transistor, and photoelectric device. Firstly, electron–phonon interaction on thermoelectric application of 2D materials is concluded according to recent reports, and strategies to increase figure of merit are discussed. Next, strong electron–phonon coupling strength is essential for increasing transition temperature of superconductors. Conversely, electron–phonon interaction inhibits the carrier mobility for transport process. By summarizing research works in the past years, its role on the performance of 2D materials‐based field effect transistors is fully evaluated. Furthermore, the influences of electron–phonon interaction on light–matter interaction in 2D materials are briefly overviewed. Finally, some outlooks in the field are prospected. In a word, understanding electron–phonon interaction in 2D materials establishes strategically important directions for manipulating physical properties and optimizing device design.
The effect of biofeedback treatment for children with non‐neurogenic voiding dysfunction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qi Wenqiang , Zhou Yongheng , Zhong Minglei , Lv Guangda , Li Rongyang , Wang Wenfu , Li Yan , Shi Benkang , Guo Hu , Zhang Qiujie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren's non‐neurogenic voiding dysfunction (NVD) is a syndrome characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTs) because of the inability to relax the external sphincter. Patients with NVD always suffer from urinary tract infections (UTI), incontinence, constipation. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of biofeedback treatment for children's NVD.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane library database were searched for all relevant studies. Two independent reviewers decided whether to include the study, conducted quality evaluation, and extracted article data. A random‐effects model was used to calculate overall effect sizes. Risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) served as the summary statistics for meta‐analysis. And sensitivity analysis was subsequently performed.ResultsFifteen studies and 1274 patients were included in the systemic review, seven RCTs and 539 patients were included in meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis showed efficacy of biofeedback treatment in following aspects, (1) relieving UTI (RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.64), (2) reducing PVR (MD: 9.51, 95% CI: 2.03 to 16.98), (3) increasing maximum urine flow rate (MD: 4.28, 95% CI: 2.14 to 6.42) and average urine flow rate (MD: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.53 to 2.46), (4) relieving constipation (RR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.26)，(5) improving abnormal voiding pattern (RR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.36) and abnormal EMG during voiding (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.91). The improvement of UTI symptoms, maximum urine flow rate and average urine flow rate took a longer time (12 months). In terms of daytime incontinence (RR: 1.20, 95% CI [0.96, 1.50], p = 0.11), nighttime incontinence (RR: 1.20, 95% CI [0.62, 2.32], p = 0.58), no significant difference was found between biofeedback treatment and standard urotherapy. The qualitative analysis showed that biofeedback treatment was beneficial for NVD.ConclusionCompared with standard urotherapy, biofeedback treatment is effective for some symptoms, such as UTI and constipation, and can improve some uroflowmetric parameters, such as PVR. Biofeedback treatment seems to have a better long‐term effect.