bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to improve communication about neurocognitive impacts in pediatric oncology: Quality improvement findings
Authors: Ruble Kathy , Paré‐Blagoev Juliana , Carey Lisa B. , Milla Kimberly , Thornton Clifton P. , Henegan Sydney , Jacobson Lisa A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive deficits are common among children who receive central nervous system (CNS)‐directed therapy for childhood cancer. Parents report that they lack information from and communication with oncology providers about neurocognitive impacts of therapy. Furthermore, oncology providers report they lack training and institutional support to appropriately address the neurocognitive needs of these patients/families.MethodsA parent/provider stakeholder informed, quality improvement (QI) project was conducted to educate providers about neurocognitive impacts, increase parent/provider communication, and improve adherence to supportive care guidelines for neuropsychological assessment for children receiving CNS‐directed therapy. A 1‐h Continuing Medical Education (CME) course was developed to educate providers about neurocognitive impacts and their relation to schooling. A provider‐focused electronic medical record (EMR) strategy was used to deliver parent stakeholder‐informed return‐to‐school “roadmaps,” with prompts to scaffold parent/provider communication and enhance documentation of findings.ResultsHospital‐based CME sessions were attended by 76% (41 out of 54) of providers from our institution. Among the 34 who completed both pretest and posttest, the mean knowledge score improved from 56% at pretest to 74% at posttest. Compliance with the EMR strategy was 80% and there was a 42% increase in neuropsychological assessment referrals.ConclusionsWe conclude that this QI project is an example of a successful parent/provider stakeholder collaboration that achieved demonstrable positive change in the areas of provider knowledge, patient/provider communication, and alignment of neuropsychological assessment referrals with existing guidelines. Our results confirm that improving knowledge, communication, and compliance with neuropsychological standards of care is possible with this evidence‐based approach.
Constitutive overexpression of EPSPS by gene duplication is involved in glyphosate resistance in Salsola tragus
Authors: Yanniccari Marcos , Palma‐Bautista Candelario , Vázquez‐García José Guadalupe , Gigón Ramón , Mallory‐Smith Carol Ann , De Prado Rafael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate‐resistant Salsola tragus accessions have been identified in the USA and Argentina; however, the mechanisms of glyphosate resistance have not been elucidated. The goal of this study was to determine the mechanism/s of glyphosate resistance involved in two S. tragus populations (R1 and R2) from Argentina.RESULTSBoth glyphosate‐resistant populations had a six‐fold lower sensitivity to glyphosate than the S population (i.e. resistance index). No evidence of differential absorption, translocation or metabolism of glyphosate was found in the R1 and R2 populations compared to a susceptible population (S). No 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) mutations were detected, but S. tragus R1 and R2 plants had ≈14‐fold higher EPSPS gene relative copy number compared to the S counterpart. In R1 and R2, EPSPS duplication entailed a greater constitutive EPSPS transcript abundance by approximately seven‐fold and a basal EPSPS activity approximately three‐fold higher than the S population.CONCLUSIONThe current study reports EPSPS gene duplication for the first time as a mechanism of glyphosate resistance in S. tragus populations. The increase of glyphosate dose needed to kill R1 and R2 plants was linked to the EPSPS transcript abundance and level of EPSPS activity. This evidence supports the convergent evolution of the overexpression of the EPSPS gene in several Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae species adapted to drought environments and the role of gene duplication as an adaptive advantage for plants to withstand stress. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Activated Hydrogel Platform with Programmed Release Property Evokes a Cascade‐Amplified Immune Response against Tumor Growth, Metastasis and Recurrence
Authors: Gong Songlin , Liang Xiuqi , Zhang Miaomiao , Li Lu , He Tao , Yuan Yuan , Li Xinchao , Liu Furong , Yang Xi , Shen Meiling , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn situ tumor vaccines (ITV) have been recognized as a promising antitumor strategy since they contain the entire tumor‐specific antigens, avoiding tumor cells from evading immune surveillance due to antigen loss. However, the therapeutic benefits of ITV are limited by obstacles such as insufficient antigen loading, inadequate immune system activation, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Herein, a tumor microenvironment‐activated hydrogel platform (TED‐Gel) with programmed drug release property is constructed for cascaded amplification of the anti‐tumor immune response elicited by ITV. Both doxorubicin (Dox) and cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) are released first, in which Dox induces immunogenic tumor cell death causing additional tumor antigen release and leading the dying primary tumor cells into autologous tumor vaccine, and the released CpG promotes antigen presenting cell activation. Subsequently, the decomposed scaffold materials in conjunction with CpG, turn the anti‐inflammatory M2‐like macrophages into the M1 type, reversing the immunosuppressive TME. With decomposition of the TED‐Gel, large amounts of macromolecule anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies are liberated, reinvigorating the exhausted effector T cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that TED‐Gel significantly inhibits the primary, distant and rechallenged tumor growth. Overall, the simple and powerful TED‐Gel provides an alternative strategy for the future development of tumor vaccines with broad application.
MXene‐Derived Metal‐Organic Framework@MXene Heterostructures toward Electrochemical NO Sensing
Authors: Tan Yi , Yang Li , Zhai Dong , Sun Lanju , Zhai Shengliang , Zhou Wei , Wang Xiao , Deng Wei‐Qiao , Wu Hao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide (NO) molecules by metal‐organic framework (MOF) catalysts has been impeded, to a large extent, owing to their poor electrical conductivity and weak NO adsorption. In this work, incomplete in situ conversion of V2CTx (T = terminal atoms) MXene to MOF is adopted, forming MOF@MXene heterostructures, which outperform MXene and MOF monocomponents toward electrochemical NO sensing. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicate metal‐like electronic characters for the heterostructure benefiting from the dominating contribution of the V 3d orbitals of the metallic MXene. Moreover, plane‐averaged charge density difference shows substantial charge redistribution occurs at the heterointerfaces, producing a built‐in field, which facilitates charge transfer. Besides, molecular mechanics‐based simulated annealing calculation reveals greatly enhanced adsorption energies of NO molecules on the heterointerfaces than that on separate MOFs and MXenes. Hence, the facilitated charge transfer and preferential NO adsorption are responsible for the dramatically promoted performance toward NO sensing. The prudent design of MOF@MXene heterostructure may spur advanced electrocatalysts for electrochemical sensing.
A Water‐Driven and Low‐Damping Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Agricultural Debris for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Dai Shufen , Li Xunjia , Jiang Chengmei , Shao Yuzhou , Luo Jianjun , Ying Yibin , Ping Jianfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rapid progress in distributed electronics in agriculture depends on a wide range of energy supplies, such as cables and batteries. However, cable installation and maintenance are inconvenient in the agricultural environment, and the massive use of batteries will cause high replacement costs and serious environmental issues. To mitigate these problems, a water flow‐driven and high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on agricultural debris (including derelict plant fibers and recycled greenhouse film) (AD‐TENG) is developed. The precisely designed air gap and plant fiber‐based dielectric brushes enable minimized frictional resistance and sustainable triboelectric charges, resulting in low damping and high performance for the AD‐TENG. After nano‐morphology modifications of the dielectric layer, the maximum power density of the AD‐TENG increases by 64 times and reaches ≈1.24 W m−2. The practical application demonstrates that the AD‐TENG realizes the recycling of agricultural debris to achieve harvesting low‐frequency and low‐speed water‐flow energy. Besides, the AD‐TENG can be used to power agricultural sensors and develop the automatic irrigation system, which alleviates the energy consumption problem of agriculture and contributes to the realization of automated and informative intelligent agriculture.
Novel High Current‐Carrying Quasi‐1D Material: Nb2PdS6
Authors: Cho Sooheon , Jeong Byung Joo , Choi Kyung Hwan , Lee Bom , Jeon Jiho , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Bum Jun , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Yu Hak Ki , Choi Jae‐Young 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA quasi‐one‐dimensional van der Waals metallic nanowire Nb2PdS6 is synthesized, and its electrical characteristics are analyzed. The chemical vapor transport method is applied to produce centimeter‐scale Nb2PdS6 crystals with needle‐like structures and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms their high crystallinity. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the crystal orientation and atomic arrangement of the specific region with atomic resolution. The electrical properties are examined by delaminating bulk Nb2PdS6 crystals into a few nanometer‐scale wires onto 100 nm‐SiO2/Si substrates using a mechanical exfoliation process. Ohmic behavior is confirmed at the low‐field measurements regardless of their thickness variation, and 4.64 nm‐thick Nb2PdS6 shows a breakdown current density (JBD) of 52 MA cm−2 when the high electrical field is delivered. Moreover, with further exfoliation down to a single atomic chain, the JBD of Nb2PdS6 is predicted to have a value of 527 MA cm−2. The breakdown of Nb2PdS6 proceeds due to the Joule heating mechanism, and the Nb2PdS6 nanowires are well fitted to the 1D thermal dissipating model.
Die andere Seite von Integration: Zur Rolle der Aufnahmegesellschaft
Authors: Glorius Birgit , Bürer Miriam , Gasch Simone , Schneider Hanne 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel nimmt die Rolle der Aufnahmegesellschaft für die Integration von Geflüchteten in ländlichen Regionen in den Blick. Unter der konzeptionellen Rahmung lokaler Rezeptivität werden zentrale empirische Ergebnisse aus einer quantitativen Bevölkerungsbefragung in 40 Kommunen, leitfadengestützten Interviews und lokaler Mediendiskurse vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Besonderheiten ländlicher Gesellschaften in Bezug auf Offenheit und Toleranz sowie dem Zusammenhang von Integration und Fragen ländlicher Entwicklung. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Relevanz der gesellschaftlichen Strukturen für die Integration von Geflüchteten.
Choosing Castration: A Thematic Analysis of the Perceived Pros and Cons of Genital Injuries and Ablation by Men Who Voluntarily Sought Castration
Authors: Wibowo Erik , Wong Samantha T. S. , Wassersug Richard J. , Johnson Thomas W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSome men elect castration voluntarily without any clear medical reason. Here we aim to document their perception of genital ablation and injuries to better understand their motivations for castration. Participants completed an online survey with open-ended questions related to their perspectives on castration, genital ablation, and genital injuries. Thematic analyses were performed on the responses to these questions. Responses were obtained from 208 male castrated individuals (51.9 ± 16.0 years old). Among these, 154 were physically castrated, 36 chemically castrated, and 18 nullified (had testicles and penis removed). The majority learned about castration from media (55.8%) or animal castration (23.4%). The circumstances when they first wanted to be castrated varied greatly. Most (46.3%) wished to achieve an idealized self motivated by gender dysphoria, body integrity dysphoria, or wanting to be conspicuously non-sexual. The top themes we identified related to the respondents’ perceptions of the pros of genital ablation were physical appearance, psychological benefit (i.e., a “eunuch calm”), and being non-sexual. Conversely, themes related to the cons they saw in having no genitals ranged from no disadvantages to loss of sexual/reproductive capability. Some perceived performing genital injury as a step toward ultimate castration or nullification. The respondents similarly varied in whether they saw any loss in having non-functional testicles. Perceptions in this regard appeared to differ depending on whether the respondents were taking supplemental androgens post-castration. Motivations for castration vary greatly between individuals. Clinicians need to understand men’s diverse perceptions on castration in order to provide appropriate care for individuals with strong castration desire.
Comparison of different quantitative evaluation protocols for peri-device leak detection using cardiac computed tomography angiography after left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Li Shiqi , Dong Jing , Luo Jie , Wang Gaofeng , Xie Dujiang , Zhou Ling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study seeks to propose and compare different quantitative evaluation methods for identifying patients with peri-device leak (PDL) using cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Patients who had undergone left atrial appendage (LAA) closure and both transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and CCTA were enrolled. Hounsfield units (HU) were measured in the proximal and distal regions of the left atrial appendage (p-LAA, d-LAA) on the CCTA, and the average of the two was determined (a-LAA). The relative HU ratios of the LAA to the center of the left atrium (LA) were calculated (p-LAA/c-LA, d-LAA/c-LA, a-LAA/c-LA). The area under the curve (AUC) for the LAA HU and the LAA/LA HU ratio were analyzed and compared. Fifty-one patients were included in this study. Pairwise comparisons showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.029) in diagnostic performance between the d-LAA (AUC = 0.868) and a-LAA (AUC = 0.972). There were no significant differences between the a-LAA and p-LAA (p = 0.549) or between the d-LAA and p-LAA (p = 0.053). At the optimal cutoff for a-LAA of 115.5 HU, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 88%. At the optimal cutoff for p-LAA of 109 HU, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 84%. The LAA/LA HU ratio did not exhibit better diagnostic performance than HU attenuation in the LAA (p > 0.05). The a-LAA > 115.5 is useful in identifying PDL. Due to its convenience and intuitiveness, p-LAA > 109.0 can also be used as an alternative protocol for a-LAA.
Scale effects in the post-cracking behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Accornero Federico , Rubino Alessio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe scale effects on the global structural response of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) beams subjected to bending are discussed in the framework of Fracture Mechanics by means of the Updated Bridged Crack Model (UBCM). This model predicts different post-cracking regimes depending on two dimensionless numbers: the reinforcement brittleness number, NP, which is related to the fibre volume fraction, Vf; and the pull-out brittleness number, Nw, which is related to the fibre embedment length, wc. Both these dimensionless numbers depend on the beam depth, h, which, keeping the other variables to be constant, drives a ductile-to-brittle transition in the post-cracking regime of the composite. The critical value of the reinforcement brittleness number, NPC, allows for prediction of the minimum (critical) specimen size, hmin, which, analogously to the minimum fibre volume fraction, Vf,min, is required to achieve a stable post-cracking response. Numerical simulations are compared to experimental results reported in the scientific literature, in which FRC specimens, characterized by the same fibre volume fraction but different sizes, are tested in bending.
Bias? Clarifying the language barrier between epidemiologists and economists
Authors: Varga AN , Guevara Morel AE , van Dongen JM , Lokkerbol J , Lindeboom M , van Tulder MW , Bouter LM , Bosmans JE 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn health intervention research, epidemiologists and economists are more and more interested in estimating causal effects based on observational data. However, collaboration and interaction between both disciplines are regularly clouded by differences in the terminology used. Amongst others, this is reflected in differences in labeling, handling, and interpreting the sources of bias in parameter estimates. For example, both epidemiologists and economists use the term selection bias. However, what economists label as selection bias is labeled as confounding by epidemiologists. This paper aims to shed light on this and other subtle differences between both fields and illustrate them with hypothetical examples. We expect that clarification of these differences will improve the multidisciplinary collaboration between epidemiologists and economists. Furthermore, we hope to empower researchers to select the most suitable analytical technique from either field for the research problem at hand.
How do previously inactive individuals restructure their time to ‘fit in’ morning or evening exercise: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brooker Paige G. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , King Neil A. , McMahon Nicholas F. , Leveritt Michael D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate changes in sedentary and active behaviors when previously inactive adults start exercising in the morning or evening. One-hundred adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were recruited for a 12-week intervention and randomized to one of three groups: (i) morning exercise (AMEx; 0600–0900); (ii) evening exercise (PMEx; 1600–1900); or (iii) waitlist control. AMEx and PMEx were prescribed self-paced aerobic exercise to achieve a weekly total of 250 min via a combination of supervised and unsupervised training. Sedentary and active behavior times were measured at baseline, mid- and post-intervention using the multimedia activity recall for children and adults. Time spent engaging in physical activity was significantly increased from baseline at both mid- (+ 14–22 min·day−1) and post-intervention (+ 12–19 min·day−1), for AMEx and PMEx. At 12-weeks, participants in both morning and evening exercise groups reported increased time spent Sleeping (+ 36 and + 20 min·day−1, respecitively), and reduced time spent watching TV/playing videogames (− 32 and − 25 min·day−1, respectively). In response to an exercise stimulus, previously inactive adults make encouraging modifications in how they use their time, and the patterns of change are similar with morning and evening exercise.
An updated and comprehensive review on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicological profile of Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson
Authors: Haque Ehfazul , Bari Md. Sazzadul , Khandokar Labony , Anjum Juhaer , Jantan Ibrahim , Seidel Veronique , Haque Md. Areeful 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTinospora crispa(L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae) is a plant indigenous to Africa and South-East Asia. It is widely used in ethnomedicine to alleviate various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, jaundice, inflammation, fever, fractures, scabies, and urinary disorders. A total of 167 phytoconstituents, belonging to 12 different chemical categories, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds have thus far been isolated from various parts ofT. crispa.Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have already established the antidiabetic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antihyperuricemic, and pesticidal activity of this plant, as well as its effects on the cardiac and the central nervous system. Most pharmacological investigations to date have been carried out on plant extracts and fractions. The exact identity of the phytoconstituents responsible for the observed biological effects and their mode of action at the molecular level are yet to be ascertained. Toxicological studies have demonstrated thatT. crispais relatively safe, although dose-dependent hepatotoxicity is a concern at high doses. This review presents a comprehensive update and analysis on studies related to the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicological profile ofT. crispa. It provides some critical insights into the current scientific knowledge on this plant and its future potential in pharmaceutical research.
A combined deformable model and medical transformer algorithm for medical image segmentation
Authors: Tang Zhixian , Duan Jintao , Sun Yanming , Zeng Yanan , Zhang Yile , Yao Xufeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeep learning–based segmentation models usually require substantial data, and the model usually suffers from poor generalization due to the lack of training data and inefficient network structure. We proposed to combine the deformable model and medical transformer neural network on the image segmentation task to alleviate the aforementioned problems. The proposed method first employs a statistical shape model to generate simulated contours of the target object, and then the thin plate spline is applied to create a realistic texture. Finally, a medical transformer network was constructed to segment three types of medical images, including prostate MR image, heart US image, and tongue color images. The segmentation accuracy of the three tasks achieved 89.97%, 91.90%, and 94.25%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves medical image segmentation performance.
Graphical abstract