bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septin and actin contributions to endothelial cell–cell junctions and monolayer integrity
Authors: Kim Joanna , Mooren Olivia L. , Onken Michael D. , Cooper John A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeptins in endothelial cells (ECs) have important roles supporting the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Cell–cell junctions in EC monolayers are highly dynamic, with continuous retractions and protrusions. Depletion of septins in ECs leads to disruption of cell–cell junctions, which are composed of VE‐cadherin and other junctional proteins. In EC monolayers, septins are concentrated at the plasma membrane at sites of cell–cell contact, in curved‐ and scallop‐shaped patterns. These membrane‐associated septin accumulations are located in regions of positive membrane curvature, and those regions are often associated with and immediately adjacent to actin‐rich protrusions with negative membrane curvature. EC septins associate directly with plasma membrane lipids, based on findings with site‐specific mutations of septins in ECs, which is consistent with biochemical and cell biological studies in other systems. Loss of septins leads to disruption of the EC monolayer, and gaps form between cells. The number and breadth of cell–cell contacts and junctions decreases, and the number and frequency of retractions, ruffles, and protrusions at cell edges also decreases. In addition, loss of septins leads to decreased amounts of F‐actin at the cortical membrane, along with increased amounts of F‐actin in stress fibers of the cytoplasm. Endothelial monolayer disruption from loss of septins is also associated with decreased transendothelial electric resistance (TEER) and increased levels of transendothelial migration (TEM) by immune and cancer cells, owing to the gaps in the monolayer. A current working model is that assembly of septin filaments at regions of positive membrane curvature contributes to a mechanical footing or base for actin‐based protrusive forces generated at adjoining regions of the membrane. Specific molecular interactions between the septin and actin components of the cytoskeleton may also be important contributors. Regulators of actin assembly may promote and support the assembly of septin filaments at the membrane, as part of a molecular feedback loop between the assembly of septin and actin filaments.
Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Oral Administration of a Self‐emulsifying Formulation of Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Ester (MND‐2119) Compared With the Nonself‐emulsifying Formulation in Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Mori Takuya , Murasaki Kagari , Yokoyama Yuichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMND‐2119 is a self‐emulsifying formulation of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA‐E) designed to be administered once daily due to improved absorption compared with the nonself‐emulsifying formulation. In these studies, MND‐2119 was administered to healthy adult males in single or multiple doses. In the single administration study, MND‐2119 (0.5–4 g) was administered under fed and fasted conditions to evaluate MND‐2119 pharmacokinetics and safety under these conditions. This study showed that Cmax and AUC0‐72h of plasma EPA concentration after single administration were higher under fed conditions than under fasted conditions, for all doses. In the multiple administration study, subjects received either MND‐2119 (0.5–4 g) immediately after breakfast or EPA‐E (0.9 g) immediately after breakfast and dinner for 11 days to compare pharmacokinetics and safety of MND‐2119 to EPA‐E. In this study, the rate of rise in Cmin of the plasma EPA concentration with MND‐2119 decreased from days 6 to 8 after administration and was thought to have reached a steady state on day 11. The mean Css,max of MND‐2119 administered as 1 g once daily, and the mean Css,min and the mean AUCss,0‐24h of MND‐2119 administered as 2 g once daily were higher than those of EPA‐E administered as 0.9 g twice daily. No safety‐related issues occurred in either study. These results suggest that MND‐2119 administered once daily may achieve equivalent or higher plasma EPA concentrations compared to the nonself‐emulsifying formulation administered twice daily.
E−Z Isomerization in Guanidine: Second‐order Saddle Dynamics, Non‐statisticality, and Time‐frequency Analysis
Authors: Rashmi Richa , Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Seal Aniruddha , Paranjothy Manikandan , Lourderaj Upakarasamy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur recent work on the E−Z isomerization reaction of guanidine using ab initio chemical dynamics simulations [Rashmi et al., Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 2021, 26, 119] emphasized the role of second‐order saddle (SOS) in the isomerization reaction; however, we could not unequivocally establish the non‐statistical nature of the dynamics followed in the reaction. In the present study, we performed thousands of on‐the‐fly trajectories using forces computed at the MNDO level to investigate the influence of second‐order saddle in the E−Z isomerization reaction of guanidine and the role of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) on the reaction dynamics. The simulations reveal that while majority of the trajectories follow the traditional transition state pathways, 15 % of the trajectories follow the SOS path. The dynamics was found to be highly non‐statistical with the survival probabilities of the reactants showing large deviations from those obtained within the RRKM assumptions. In addition, a detailed analysis of the dynamics using time‐dependent frequencies and the frequency ratio spaces reveal the existence of multiple resonance junctions that indicate the existence of regular dynamics and long‐lived quasi‐periodic trajectories in the phase space associated with non‐RRKM behavior.
Genome Reporting for Healthy Populations—Pipeline for Genomic Screening from the GENCOV COVID‐19 Study
Authors: Frangione Erika , Chung Monica , Casalino Selina , MacDonald Georgia , Chowdhary Sunakshi , Mighton Chloe , Faghfoury Hanna , Bombard Yvonne , Strug Lisa , Pugh Trevor , Simpson Jared , Hao Limin , Lebo Matthew , Lane William J. , Taher Jennifer , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan ,   GENCOV Study Workgroup
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenome sequencing holds the promise for great public health benefits. It is currently being used in the context of rare disease diagnosis and novel gene identification, but also has the potential to identify genetic disease risk factors in healthy individuals. Genome sequencing technologies are currently being used to identify genetic factors that may influence variability in symptom severity and immune response among patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. The GENCOV study aims to look at the relationship between genetic, serological, and biochemical factors and variability of SARS‐CoV‐2 symptom severity, and to evaluate the utility of returning genome screening results to study participants. Study participants select which results they wish to receive with a decision aid. Medically actionable information for diagnosis, disease risk estimation, disease prevention, and patient management are provided in a comprehensive genome report. Using a combination of bioinformatics software and custom tools, this article describes a pipeline for the analysis and reporting of genetic results to individuals with COVID‐19, including HLA genotyping, large‐scale continental ancestry estimation, and pharmacogenomic analysis to determine metabolizer status and drug response. In addition, this pipeline includes reporting of medically actionable conditions from comprehensive gene panels for Cardiology, Neurology, Metabolism, Hereditary Cancer, and Hereditary Kidney, and carrier screening for reproductive planning. Incorporated into the genome report are polygenic risk scores for six diseases—coronary artery disease; atrial fibrillation; type‐2 diabetes; and breast, prostate, and colon cancer—as well as blood group genotyping analysis for ABO and Rh blood types and genotyping for other antigens of clinical relevance. The genome report summarizes the findings of these analyses in a way that extensively communicates clinically relevant results to patients and their physicians. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: HLA genotyping and disease associationBasic Protocol 2: Large‐scale continental ancestry estimationBasic Protocol 3: Dosage recommendations for pharmacogenomic gene variants associated with drug responseSupport Protocol: System setup
Tissue‐resident CD69+CXCR6+ Natural Killer cells with exhausted phenotype accumulate in human non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaoke , Chen Yongyuan , Xin Zhongwei , Lin Mingjie , Hao Zhixing , Chen Di , He Teng , Zhao Lufeng , Wu Dang , Wu Pin , Chai Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells with tissue‐residency features (trNK cells) are a new subpopulation of NK cells, which plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. However, the characteristics of trNK cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human cancers remain unclear. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we investigated the quantity, phenotype, and function of trNK cells in biospecimens freshly resected from 60 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We successfully identified a new CD69+CXCR6+ trNK subset with an immunomodulatory‐like and exhausted phenotype, specifically accumulated in the TME of NSCLC. In vitro experiments showed that CD69+CXCR6+ trNK cells more readily secreted IFN‐γ and TNF‐α spontaneously. Furthermore, the production of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α by tumor‐infiltrating CD69+CXCR6+ trNK cells was not induced by their reactivation in vitro, which is analogous to T‐cell exhaustion. Finally, we demonstrated that the dysfunction of CD69+CXCR6+ trNK cells could be partly ameliorated by PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 blockade. In summary, we identified a new dysfunctional CD69+CXCR6+ trNK cell subset that specifically accumulates in the TME of NSCLC. Our findings suggest that CD69+CXCR6+ trNK cells are a promising target for immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.
Aquatic-Terrestrial Insecticide Fluxes: Midges as Neonicotinoid Vectors
Authors: Roodt Alexis P. , Schaufelberger Sonja , Schulz Ralf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Exposure of freshwater ecosystems to insecticides can negatively impact the development of emerging aquatic insects. These insects serve as an important nutritional subsidy for terrestrial insectivores. Changes in insect emergence phenology (i.e., emergence success and temporal pattern) or fluxes of insecticides retained by the emerging adults have the potential to negatively impact terrestrial food webs. These processes are influenced by contaminant toxicity, lipohilicity, or metabolic processes. The interplay between emergence phenology, contaminant retention through metamorphosis, and associated contaminant flux is not yet understood for current-use insecticides. In a microcosm study, we evaluated the impacts of a 24-h pulse exposure of one of three current-use insecticides, namely pirimicarb, indoxacarb, and thiacloprid, at two environmentally realistic concentration levels on the larval development and emergence of the nonbiting midge Chironomus riparius. In addition, we measured insecticide concentrations in the larvae and adults using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry by electrospray ionization. Exposure to pirimicarb delayed larval development and emergence, and exposure to indoxacarb reduced emergence success. The neonicotinoid thiacloprid had the greatest impact by reducing larval survival and emergence success. At the same time, thiacloprid was the only insecticide measured in the adults with average concentrations of 10.3 and 37.3 ng/g after exposure at 0.1 and 4 µg/L, respectively. In addition, an approximate 30% higher survival to emergence after exposure to 0.1 µg/L relative to a 4-µg/L exposure resulted in a relatively higher flux of thiacloprid, from the aquatic to the terrestrial environment, at the lower exposure. Our experimental results help to explain the impacts of current-use insecticides on aquatic–terrestrial subsidy coupling and indicate the potential for widespread dietary exposure of terrestrial insectivores preying on emerging aquatic insects to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:60–70. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Reticulate evolution underlies synergistic trait formation in human communities
Authors: Gontier Nathalie , Sukhoverkhov Anton 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how reticulate evolution contributes to a better understanding of human sociocultural evolution in general, and community formation in particular. Reticulate evolution is evolution as it occurs by means of symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, infective heredity, and hybridization. From these mechanisms and processes, we mainly zoom in on symbiosis and we investigate how it underlies the rise of (1) human, plant, animal, and machine interactions typical of agriculture, animal husbandry, farming, and industrialization; (2) diet‐microbiome relationships; and (3) host‐virome and other pathogen interactions that underlie human health and disease. We demonstrate that reticulate evolution necessitates an understanding of behavioral and cultural evolution at a community level, where reticulate causal processes underlie the rise of synergistic organizational traits.
Effect of synbiotic bread containing lactic acid on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ghafouri Atie , Heshmati Javad , Heydari Iraj , Shokouhi Shoormasti Raheleh , Estêvão Maria Dulce , Hoseini Ava Sadat , Morvaridzadeh Mojgan , Akbari‐Fakhrabadi Maryam , Farsi Farnaz , Zarrati Mitra , Pizarro Ana Beatriz , Shidfar Farzad , Ziaei Somayeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, the use of synbiotics for managing various diseases has dramatically increased. Synbiotics have been shown to be a good approach to influence the composition of the gut microbiota with positive health effects. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications is one of the reasons for the ingestion of synbiotics and so the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of synbiotic bread intake on markers of lipid profile in T2DM patients. One hundred T2DM patients (age between 20 and 60 years) were randomly assigned to four groups to consume different types of synbiotic bread, three times/day, for 8 weeks: “synbiotic + lactic acid” (n = 25; IV), “synbiotic” (n = 25; III), “lactic acid brad” (n = 25; II), or “control” (n = 25; I). The measured outcomes included anthropometric characteristics, glycemic control parameters, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins. The consumption of “synbiotic + lactic acid bread” (group IV) and “lactic acid bread” (group II) led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to the “control bread.” The HbA1c levels were also significantly lower when compared to group II. Additionally, apolipoprotein A (Apo A1) levels were significantly decreased in group IV, compared to control and other groups (post hoc analysis). No significant differences between groups were observed for triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B100) levels. The observed results show that the synbiotic bread (with or without lactic acid) promoted a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and Apo A1 in diabetic patients when consumed daily for 8 weeks.
Impact of hydrocolloid and foaming agent on the physicochemical, microstructural and bioactive characteristics of foam‐mat freeze‐dried tapai (fermented black glutinous rice) powder
Authors: Fauziyah Nur , Ifie Idolo , Syarief Osman , Darniadi Sandi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to obtain fermented black glutinous rice (FBGR) powder using the foam‐mat freeze‐drying method and to evaluate the physicochemical, microstructural, and bioactive characteristics of FBGR powder. To obtain FBGR foams, maltodextrin (MD; 0%–40% w/w) and whey protein isolate (WPI; 7.5% w/w) were used. The results showed that MD concentration had a significant effect (p ≤ .05) on powder recovery and bulk density which increased from 68.9% to 80.5% and 0.46% to 0.63 g/ml, respectively. The lowest moisture content (2.17%) and water activity (0.48) were found in powders produced with 20% MD. The solubility of FBGR powders ranged from 74% to 75% and increasing MD concentration gave higher lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) readings in color properties of powders. Although the addition of the carrier agent caused reductions in total phenolic content and anthocyanins, the retention of these bioactive compounds rose with increasing MD content from 67% to 76% and 78% to 84%, respectively. FBGR produced with 40% MD had the most superior physical and technological properties, and foam‐mat freeze‐drying is a promising technology for retaining the bioactive compounds in FBGR.
A comparison of the functional connectome in mild traumatic brain injury and post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Klimova Aleksandra , Breukelaar Isabella A. , Bryant Richard A. , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often co‐occur in the context of threat to one's life. These conditions also have an overlapping symptomatology and include symptoms of anxiety, poor concentration and memory problems. A major challenge has been articulating the underlying neurobiology of these overlapping conditions. The primary aim of this study was to compare intrinsic functional connectivity between mTBI (without PTSD) and PTSD (without mTBI). The study included functional MRI data from 176 participants: 42 participants with mTBI, 67 with PTSD and a comparison group of 66 age and sex‐matched healthy controls. We used network‐based statistical analyses for connectome‐wide comparisons of intrinsic functional connectivity between mTBI relative to PTSD and controls. Our results showed no connectivity differences between mTBI and PTSD groups. However, we did find that mTBI had significantly reduced connectivity relative to healthy controls within an extensive network of regions including default mode, executive control, visual and auditory networks. The mTBI group also displayed hyperconnectivity between dorsal and ventral attention networks and perceptual regions. The PTSD group also demonstrated abnormal connectivity within these networks relative to controls. Connectivity alterations were not associated with severity of PTSD or post‐concussive symptoms in either clinical group. Taken together, the similar profiles of intrinsic connectivity alterations in these two conditions provide neural evidence that can explain, in part, the overlapping symptomatology between mTBI and PTSD.
Nursing homes and mortality in Europe: Uncertain causality
Authors: Flawinne Xavier , Lefebvre Mathieu , Perelman Sergio , Pestieau Pierre , Schoenmaeckers Jérôme 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current health crisis has particularly affected the elderly population. Nursing homes have unfortunately experienced a relatively large number of deaths. On the basis of this observation and working with European data (from SHARE), we want to check whether nursing homes were lending themselves to excess mortality even before the pandemic. Controlling for a number of important characteristics of the elderly population in and outside nursing homes, we conjecture that the difference in mortality between those two samples is to be attributed to the way nursing homes are designed and organized. Using matching methods, we observe excess mortality in Sweden, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Czech Republic and Estonia but not in the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, France, Luxembourg, Italy and Spain. This raises the question of the organization and management of these nursing homes, but also of their design and financing.
Automatic liver tumor segmentation on multiphase computed tomography volume using SegNet deep neural network and K‐means clustering
Authors: Pattwakkar Vaidehi Nayantara , Kamath Surekha , Kanabagatte Nanjundappa Manjunath , Kadavigere Rajagopal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLiver and liver tumor segmentations are essential in computer‐aided systems for diagnosing liver tumors. These systems must operate on multiphase computed tomography (CT) images instead of a single phase for accurate diagnosis for clinical applications. We have proposed a framework that can perform segmentation from quadriphasic CT data. The liver was segmented using a fine‐tuned SegNet model and the liver tumor was segmented using the K‐means clustering method coupled with a power‐law transformation‐based image enhancement technique. The best values for liver segmentation achieved were: Dice Coefficient = 96.46 ± 0.48%, Jaccard Index = 93.16 ± 0.89%, volumetric overlap error = 6.84 ± 0.89% and average symmetric surface distance = 0.59 ± 0.3 mm and the results for liver tumor delineation were Dice Coefficient = 85.07 ± 4.5%, Jaccard Index = 74.29 ± 6.8%, volumetric overlap error = 25.71 ± 6.8% and average symmetric surface distance = 1.14 ± 1.3 mm. The proposed liver segmentation method based on deep learning is fully automatic, robust, and effective for all phases. The image enhancement technique has shown promising results and aided in better liver tumor segmentation. The liver tumors were segmented satisfactorily; however, improvements concerning false positive reduction can further increase the accuracy.
Approach to urethral obstruction in cats. Part 2: catheterising and postobstruction management
Authors: Breheny Craig , Blacklock Kelly Bowlt , Gunn‐Moore Danièlle 
Published: October 2022

Background: Catheterisation is the key definitive emergency procedure in relieving urethral obstruction. However, ensuring that the patient is stable to tolerate the procedure and having a plan in place if placement is challenging is also essential.Aim of the article: This is the second article in a three‐part series. The aim of this article is to summarise urethral catheterisation, and immediate postcatheterisation management. The first article discussed presentation and stabilisation (Breheny and others 2022), while the third will focus on home management to prevent recurrent obstruction and on addressing underlying feline idiopathic cystitis.
Administering analgesia to birds: NSAIDs, opioids and other agents
Authors: Kubiak Marie 
Published: October 2022

Background: Clinical analgesia in avian species is a relatively data‐deficient area of investigation, and it is becoming evident that direct extrapolation of data from one bird species to another may not be appropriate.Aim of the article: This article discusses the different classes of pain relief for avian patients with a focus on recent studies, highlighting any new information where available. The current literature is reviewed to provide background information on choices of analgesia for a range of avian species that may present to the practitioner.