bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid‐19 vaccination in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A multi‐center survey from southern India
Authors: Mohanasundaram Kavitha , Santhanam Sham , Natarajan Raja , Murugesan Hema , Nambi Thilagavathy , Chilikuri Balaji , Nallasivan Subramanian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis survey was conducted to evaluate COVID‐19 vaccination status in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs). Our objectives were to study vaccine hesitancy, adverse effects, breakthrough infections and flare of underlying disease in this population subgroup.MethodsThis was a multi‐center, cross‐sectional, interview‐based survey done at 6 tertiary care centers across Tamil Nadu, in the southern part of India from September 15, 2021 to October 14, 2021. The survey questionnaire was filled up by AIRD patients attending their clinics. The survey questionnaire comprised a set of 14 questions, distributed between patient characteristics, vaccines taken, their characteristics and COVID‐19 infection.ResultsThere were 2092 participants, with a mean age of 47.5 ± 13.17 years. Among them, 1293 (61.81%) were vaccinated, of which 837 (64.73%) were fully vaccinated. Two‐thirds of our subjects were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCov‐19 (COVISHIELD) (77.64%) and 21.57% with BBV 152 (COVAXIN). Age, gender, education and comorbidities had no association with vaccine hesitancy. The commonest (421; 52.69%) reason for vaccine hesitancy was fear of side effects. The incidence (n = 72) of breakthrough infections was similar in both the vaccine groups, of which 58 (80.55%) were partially vaccinated and 14 (19.44%) were fully vaccinated. Thirty‐two patients had a flare of pre‐existing rheumatic disease.ConclusionChAdOx1 nCov‐19 and BBV 152 were found to be safe in patients with rheumatic diseases. Fear of side effects was the major cause of vaccine hesitancy. All adverse effects were minor and self‐limiting. Breakthrough infections and disease flares occurred only in a small subset of our cohort.
Sweaty motions
Authors: ARCHAMBAULT JULIE SOLEIL 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn Mozambique, class and gender have long produced sweating bodies entangled in hierarchies of care and labor. Today, the growing popularity of fitness is complicating the cultural politics of bodily substances, especially sweat. Challenging ideals of feminine propriety, new ways of sweating are fostering health‐conscious subjectivities and encouraging alternative ways of becoming and relating. As a bodily “thing,” sweat sits somewhat uncomfortably within posthumanist and neomaterialist efforts at decentering the human. But our understanding of matter's potentiality can be refined by an ethnography that apprehends sweat as a material‐semiotic thing, one that operates simultaneously as matter and as an index of transformation. [anthropology of sweat,fitness,workout ethic,bodily substances,materiality,semiotics,health‐conscious subjectivities,excretion,Mozambique]
Boiling sand, metallic fire
Authors: IALENTI VINCENT 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn April 2018 four drums of depleted uranium sludge burst open at a US Department of Energy facility at Idaho National Laboratory. This echoed a previous incident in 2014, when a drum erupted with fire and spewed radionuclides at a nuclear waste repository in New Mexico. Such “drum breach” accidents have been characterized in official reports as “isolated events,” and as “self‐initiated” and “spontaneous.” Yet these descriptions misrepresent a temporal tension at the heart of their causation: during the Cold War, nuclear weapons production created latent socioecological hazards that, decades later, too often manifest during waste cleanup. This tends to result from 21st‐century scheduling pressures, fraught labor relationships, and neoliberal subcontracting arrangements. Thus, if we examine the temporal form taken by US nuclear technopolitics, we can recast drum breach accidents not as stand‐alone events, but as outcomes of systemic incentives to speed up waste‐cleanup projects beyond their organizational capacity without commensurately expanding their safety or oversight mechanisms. [nuclear waste, technopolitics, accidents, neoliberalism, temporality, security, Idaho, United States]
Café Break: A Circus Drama
Authors: Offen Julia L. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
An event unfolds via detailed annotation of its cast of characters in this playful creative nonfiction story. Swiss, German, Moroccan, Polish, Italian, and American workers in a European circus gather at a sidewalk café in Switzerland. Beers are drunk, orders are given, transgressions occur. The afternoon’s social drama develops. Details and meanings reveal themselves without explication. Celebrating the possibilities of creative ethnographic storytelling, this is a play without acts, a narrative without narrative structure. The characters and events portrayed are nonfiction, with all names and some identifying features changed to protect the individuals’ privacy.
Unilateral gustatory flushing in a teenager
Authors: Batchelor Rebecca , Batchelor Grace 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unilateral gustatory flushing (also known as Frey syndrome) is presumed to be caused by injury to the autonomic component of the auriculotemporal nerve. It is important to distinguish the symptoms from those of food-induced allergy to avoid unnecessary investigation. The signs of Frey syndrome can persist for several years and can cause patients to feel self-conscious.
Real‐world study on adoption of standard‐of‐care for transplant‐eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients between 2017 and 2020/2021 across France, Germany, Spain, and Italy
Authors: Weisel Katja , Wadlund Astrid Ottosson , Gungor Guntug , Dergarabetian Eileen , Pacheco Cécile , Masurkar Nihar , Rodriguez‐Otero Paula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis non‐interventional observational study described the current standard‐of‐care for transplant‐eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (TE‐NDMM) patients in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, and recorded the evolution in regimen adoption in distinct elements of frontline treatment during 2017–2020/2021.MethodsClinical information on ongoing (I) or previous (II) TE‐NDMM patients was extracted from the Cancerology database. Proportions of patients receiving regimens in each element and the evolution in regimen adoption were determined for the entire population and each country.ResultsMost common induction regimens among I patients were VRd in France (75.3%) and Spain (44.1%), VTd in Italy (65.2%), and regimens other than VRd/VTd/VCd in Germany. Maintenance was ongoing/planned for 78.3%, 62.3%, 65.2%, and 61.4% patients in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, respectively. Among II patients, VRd induction increased from 27.0% in 2017 to 65.7% in 2019 in France, remained relatively low in Spain and Germany, and not present in Italy. In Italy and Spain, VTd induction declined from 72.4% and 58.3% in 2017 to 52.8% and 17.3% in 2019, respectively. VCd induction in Germany declined from 85.2% in 2017 to 64.1% in 2019.ConclusionThe use of bortezomib triplets in induction varied markedly over time and between selected countries.
Low CD49d expression in newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia may be associated with high‐risk features and reduced treatment‐free‐intervals
Authors: Elizabeth Smyth , Aidan Kelly , David O' Brien , Deirdre Waldron , Sarah Brophy , Emer Atkinson , Kanthi Perera , Crotty Gerard M. , Aileen Walsh , Michelle Connolly , Ruth Clifford , Hilary O'Leary , Ashique Khan , Bacon Christopher L. , Emily Smyth , McElligott Anthony M. , Fiona Quinn , Elisabeth Vandenberghe , Carmel Waldron 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study was carried out to assess the prognostic power of low CD49d expression (≥10%) in newly diagnosed CLL patients using a previously described cohort. Eighty‐five patients were included. Median age at diagnosis; 70 years (43–88); CD49d was expressed in 33/85 (38.8%); 23/33 (69.7%) at ≥30% referred to as ‘HiCD49d’ and 10/33 (30.3%) between 10 and 30% with a bimodal pattern on scatterplot analysis referred to as ‘LoCD49d’. Eleven patients (12.9%) presented as Binet stage B, of whom 8 (72.7%) were CD49d+ (HiCD49d 7/8; LoCD49d 1/8). Seven of 81 patients (8.6%) were NOTCH1 mutated and all were CD49d+ (p ≤ .01). IgVH analysis was performed on 29 (87.8%) of the CD49d+ cases, of whom 21 (72.4%) were unmutated and 8 (27.6%) were mutated. CD38+/CD49d+ accounted for 11/20 (55%) (CD38+/HiCD49D: 9/11; CD38+/LoCD49D: 2/11). At 42 months, treatment had been initiated in 18/85 (21%) patients, of these 10/33 (30.3%) were CD49d+ versus 8/52 (15.4%) of the CD49d− group. The median treatment free interval for the CD49d+ group was 11 months (HiCD49d; 14.5 months, LoCD49d; 11 months) compared to 21.5 months for the CD49d− group. These findings suggest that the predictive value of CD49d expression is retained at expression levels down to 10%.
Motor overflow in the lower limb after stroke: Insights into mechanisms
Authors: Cleland Brice T. , Madhavan Sangeetha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotor overflow (involuntary muscle activation) is common after stroke, particularly in the non‐paretic upper limb. Two potential cortical mechanisms are as follows: (1) The contralesional hemisphere controls both limbs, and (2) inhibition from the ipsilesional to the contralesional hemisphere is diminished. Few studies have differentiated between these hypotheses or investigated motor overflow in the lower limb after stroke. To investigate these potential mechanisms, individuals with chronic stroke performed unilateral isometric and dynamic dorsiflexion. Motor overflow was quantified in the contralateral, resting (non‐target) ankle. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied, and responses were measured in both legs. Relations between motor overflow, excitability of ipsilateral motor pathways, and interhemispheric inhibition were assessed. Non‐target muscle activity (motor overflow) was greater during isometric and dynamic conditions than rest in both legs (p ≤ 0.001) and was higher in the non‐paretic than the paretic leg (p = 0.03). Some participants (25%) had motor overflow >4SD above the group mean in the non‐paretic leg. Greater motor overflow in the non‐paretic leg was associated with lesser inhibition from the ipsilesional to the contralesional hemisphere (p = 0.04). In both legs, non‐target TMS responses were greater during the isometric and dynamic than the rest condition (p ≤ 0.01) but not when normalized to background muscle activity. Overall, motor overflow occurred in both legs after stroke, suggesting a common bilateral mechanism. Our correlational results suggest that alterations in interhemispheric inhibition may contribute to motor overflow. Furthermore, the lack of differences in non‐target motor evoked potentials MEPs between rest, isometric, and dynamic conditions suggests that subcortical and/or spinal pathways may contribute to motor overflow.
GRU‐GBM: A combined intrusion detection model using LightGBM and gated recurrent unit
Authors: Sarıkaya Alper , Günel Kılıç Banu , Demirci Mehmet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to the increasing sophistication of cyber‐attacks, intrusion detection systems need to be improved constantly. Each machine learning classifier has different advantages against intrusion detection and combining the advantages of different classifiers increases detection rates. In this study, we combine a machine learning classifier with a deep learning model to propose a new approach called GRU‐GBM. The LightGBM gradient boosting machine framework is used for feature selection, and each feature in the dataset is evaluated by a second LightGBM classifier to determine the optimal feature set using a novel threshold‐based approach. After the selection of the feature set, a gated recurrent unit is used for attack detection by a recurrent neural network model. Besides, different training/testing ratios (60/40–70/30) are chosen for comparison of GRU‐GBM accuracy. The proposed combined model achieved 76.61% and 93.65% overall accuracy in multi‐class experiments conducted with the UNSW‐NB15 and LITNET‐2020 datasets, respectively. Lastly, the GRU‐GBM model is compared to other machine learning models. The overall accuracy result is tested with a non‐parametric Friedman test to determine the significance of the results. The test result shows that there is enough evidence that the accuracy of the GRU‐GBM classifier is statistically significant.
From decoding the perception of tightness to a clinical proof of soothing effects derived from natural ingredients in a moisturizer
Authors: Hendrickx‐Rodriguez Sebastian , Connetable Sophie , Lynch Barbara , Pace Joseph , Bennett‐Kennett Ross , Luengo Gustavo S. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. , Potter Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo decode the feeling of skin tightness after application of a cosmetic product and how to soothe this discomfort. To pursue this aim, we considered the ingredient's effect on stratum corneum (SC) biomechanics to differentiate between consumers prone to tightness from those that are not and correlate these effects with mechanoreceptor activation.MethodsIn vivo clinical trials were used to assess the tightness perception dichotomy between groups of Caucasian women; in vitro experiments were used to measure the mechanical stresses induced in the SC after cleanser and moisturizer application; and in silico simulations were used to illustrate how the measured mechanical stresses in the SC result in the development of strains at the depth of cutaneous mechanoreceptors, triggering tightness perceptual responses.ResultsBefore any cream application, women prone to tightness tend to have a more rigid SC than their less sensitive counterparts, however cleanser application increases SC stiffness in all women. Surprisingly, no correlation was found between tightness perception and hydration measurements by the Corneometer or barrier function, as evaluated by transepidermal water loss. Self‐declared tightness and dryness scores were strongly associated with a self‐described sensitive skin. After application of the optimized moisturizing formula, Osmoskin® containing natural waxes with good filming properties, consumers report a strong decrease in tightness and dryness perception. These results match with laboratory experiments where the cleanser was shown to increase SC drying stresses by 34%, while subsequent application of Osmoskin® decreased stresses by 48%. Finite element modelling, using experimental results as input, elucidates the differences in perception between the two groups of women. It makes clear that Osmoskin® changes the mechanical status of the SC, producing strains in underlying epidermis that activates multiple cutaneous mechano‐receptors at a level correlated with the self‐perceived comfort.ConclusionIntegration of the in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches provides a novel framework for fully understanding how skin tightness sensations form and propagate, and how these sensations can be alleviated through the design of an optimized moisturizer.
Comprehensive model for characterizing skin translucency by expert grading, panel evaluation and image analysis in a Chinese population
Authors: Qu Di , Wang Xiaojuan , Liu Jianwei , Wu Ziqi , Kuesten Carla , Hu Weiyi , Totsuka Hirono , Chen Yinbei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTranslucent skin is an attribute widely appreciated by people in East Asian countries. There have been studies in the literature to describe the phenomenon by means of clinical grading, instrumental measurement and image analysis. However, due to its subjective and complex nature, skin translucency has not been comprehensively and rigorously characterized and modelled, particularly in the Chinese population. This study is to develop a mathematical model that quantitatively describes skin translucency from visual cues objectively measured from the skin.Materials and MethodsThe study was designed to characterize and model skin translucency by incorporating expert evaluation, panel perception and image analysis of multiple skin visual attributes in one analysis. Faces of 36 Chinese females aged 18–65 years old were evaluated by a dermatologist to obtain clinical translucency scores. Subject pairs were formed with a relatively high and low translucency score in each pair. Their faces were judged in person by 9 panellists in paired‐comparison (2‐AFC) fashion to pick a ‘more translucent skin’ from each subject pair. Front‐view facial images of the subjects were taken, and multiple colour and other visually perceivable skin attributes were measured using image analysis. Bradley‐Terry analysis and multiple regressions were performed to correlate the panel choices of ‘more translucent skin’ with the objectively measured skin parameters.ResultsMultiple skin colour properties affected the panel choices towards translucent skin. Among them skin tone lightness and skin glossiness had positive effects on skin translucency while the hue, colour unevenness, severity of red and dark spots affected it negatively. Subsurface light reflection and skin visual smoothness had some effect but were not statistically significant. A mathematical model was constructed to predict a person's skin translucency from objectively measured skin attributes.ConclusionThe subjective property of skin translucency can be characterized and quantified via a comprehensive modelling process involving clinical grading, panel evaluation, image‐based measurement of skin attributes and statistical analysis. A novel skin parameter, Skin Translucency Index (STI) was established, which provides a way to measure skin translucency, making it possible to assess treatment efficacy before and after product application.
Treatments for AIDS/HIV‐related Kaposi sarcoma: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Liew Yasmin Chia Chia , Tam Yew Chong Steve , Oh Choon Chiat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment guidelines are not well established in AIDS‐related Kaposi sarcoma (KS).ObjectiveWe aim to review the evidence on efficacy of treatments for AIDS‐related Kaposi sarcoma.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase Database from date of database inception till July 2020. Randomized controlled trials reporting intervention consisting of any type of treatment compared to control/placebo to a different treatment modality or different combination of treatment/treatment doses with a diagnosis of AIDS‐related KS are selected.Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcomes were response rates defined as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD). Secondary outcomes were cosmesis and adverse outcomes such as pain and erythema.ResultsThirteen out of 536 articles met our eligibility criteria. Three studies reported the efficacy of chemotherapy, two studies looked at different doses of radiotherapy regimes, and three studies compared different antiretroviral therapy (ART) and chemotherapy regimens. Other studies reported topical therapies such as alitretinoin gel, IM862, and bHCG injection which showed varied efficacies.LimitationsLack of standardization classification of disease activity and clinical outcomes and treatment modalities precluded meaningful comparison of studies.ConclusionThe evidence of efficacy of any particular intervention is overall varied and there was insufficient evidence to recommend any particular intervention. We have provided an overview of treatments for KS but larger studies need to be carried out to verify the efficacy of treatment options reported in the literature.
Hansen's disease and COVID‐19 co‐infection in Brazil
Authors: Repsold Taynah Alves Rocha , Collin Simon M. , Bouth Raquel Carvalho , Cerqueira Selma Regina Penha Silva , Brezinscki Marisa Simon , Peixoto Rebeca Ruppert Galarda Baptista , Fonseca Andrea Maia Fernandes de Araújo , Peixoto Marlene Leandro dos Santos , Rabelo Mendes Seyna , Gomes Ciro Martins , Salgado Claudio Guedes , Deps Patrícia D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe implications of COVID‐19 co‐infection in patients under treatment for Hansen's disease (HD, leprosy) remain uncertain. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in patients with HD and COVID‐19 in Brazil.MethodsCross‐sectional study recruiting adult HD patients with PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 from five HD treatment centers in Brazil between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. At the time of this study, no patient had received COVID‐19 vaccine.ResultsOf 1377 patients under treatment for HD, 70 (5.1%) were diagnosed with COVID‐19. Of these, 41 (58.6%) had PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19, comprising 19 men and 22 women, aged 24–67 (median 45) years. HD was multibacillary in 39/41 patients. Eight patients ceased WHO Multi‐Drug Therapy for HD, three for lack of drugs, two because of COVID‐19, and three for other reasons. Of the 33 who continued treatment, 26 were on the standard regimen and seven an alternative regimen. Seventeen patients were receiving oral prednisone, including nine patients with type 1 reaction, four with type 2 reaction, three with neuritis, and one with rheumatologic disease. Twelve patients were hospitalized for COVID‐19, and six patients died, of whom three had hypertension and one also had type 2 diabetes and obesity.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 and Hansen's disease co‐infection did not appear to change the clinical picture of either disease in this cross‐sectional study. The wider impact of the pandemic on persons affected by HD requires follow‐up and monitoring.
Innovation as a cause of highly skilled migration: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Labrianidis Lois , Sykas Theodosis , Sachini Evi , Karampekios Nikolaos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates innovation as a cause of highly skilled migration. Drawing on a totally new database that includes all the Greek PhD holders, combined with panel data from the Global Innovation Index covering 57 countries over the 2009–2020 period, we find that innovation constitutes a strong determinant for highly skilled migration. That is, a rise in innovative performance is positively associated with an increase in the number of highly skilled Greek migrants. We further find a two‐way causality between innovation and highly skilled migration. Namely an increase in the number of highly skilled Greek migrants positively affects innovative performance. While most of the recent studies have comprehensively addressed the positive effects of skilled migration on innovation, they have not looked at innovation as a determinant of highly skilled migration. We further discuss the potential implications of our findings on countries displaying low innovative performance coupled with brain drain.
Interferon induction, evasion, and paradoxical roles during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection*
Authors: Chiale Carolina , Greene Trever T. , Zuniga Elina I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has caused millions of deaths in the past two years. Although initially little was understood about this virus, recent research has significantly advanced and landed interferons (IFNs) in the spotlight. While Type I and III IFN have long been known as central to antiviral immunity, in the case of COVID‐19 their role was initially controversial. However, the protective function of IFN is now well supported by the identification of human deficiencies in IFN responses as a predictor of disease severity. Here, we will review the cell types and pathways that lead to IFN production as well as the importance of IFN timing and location for disease outcome. We will further discuss the mechanisms that SARS‐CoV‐2 uses to evade IFN responses, and the current efforts to implement IFNs as therapeutics in the treatment of COVID‐19. It is essential to understand the relationships between SARS‐CoV‐2 and IFN to better inform treatments that exploit IFN functions to alleviate COVID‐19.