bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of left ventricular myocardial work done by noninvasive pressure–strain loop technique in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Ding Jun , Sun Hong‐Guang , Liu Juan , Wu Dan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the value of the noninvasive pressure–strain loop (PSL) technique for assessing left ventricular myocardial work done in patients with essential hypertension.MethodsProspectively, 60 patients with hypertension visiting the hospital from August 2020 to July 2021 were collected and divided into the mild hypertension group (SBP 140–159 mmHg, 35 cases) and the moderate‐to‐severe hypertension group (SBP ≥160 mmHg, 25 cases). Another 40 cases of healthy adults were collected as the control group. The differences in the global long‐axis strain (GLS) and peak strain dispersion (PSD) of the left ventricle, global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) were compared among the three groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the PSD, GWI, GCW, and GWW. The myocardial work index (MWI) and MWI percentages in the apical, middle, and basal segments of the heart were also compared among the groups.Results(1) The PSD, GWI, GCW, and GWW were significantly different among the groups (Χ2 = 57.605, 79.203, 76.973, and 17.429, respectively, p < .05), while the GLS and GWE were not (Χ2 = 1.559 and 5.849, respectively, p > .05). (2) The GWI had the highest specificity (97.5%) and the GCW the highest sensitivity (95%) in predicting hypertension. The percentage of apical MWI gradually increased (F = 11.230, p < .05) and the percentage of basal MWI gradually decreased (F = 10.665, p < .05) from the control group to the mild hypertension group to the moderate‐to‐severe hypertension group; there was no significant difference in the percentage of mid‐MWI (F = 0.593, p > .05).ConclusionsThe noninvasive PSL technique could be used to assess myocardial work done in patients with essential hypertension.
Meta‐analysis: global prevalence, trend and forecasting of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents, 2000–2021
Authors: Li Jie , Ha Audrey , Rui Fajuan , Zou Biyao , Yang Hongli , Xue Qi , Hu Xinyu , Xu Yayun , Henry Linda , Barakat Monique , Stave Christopher D. , Shi Junping , Wu Chao , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundNAFLD is increasing in children.AimsTo determine the recent trend and forecast the future global prevalence of paediatric NAFLDMethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases from inception to 1 May 2021 for studies of children and adolescents (≤21 years) with NAFLD. Obesity was defined with weight at ≥95th percentile and overweight as 85th to <95th percentile as per the Center for Disease Control BMI‐for‐age percentile cut‐offs.ResultsFrom 3350 titles and abstracts, we included 74 studies (276,091 participants) from 20 countries/regions. We included 14 studies in the general NAFLD prevalence analysis, yielding an overall prevalence of 7.40% (95% CI: 4.17–12.81) regardless of the diagnostic method, and 8.77% (95% CI: 3.86–18.72) by ultrasound. Among continents with more than one study, the prevalence of NAFLD was 8.53% (95% CI: 5.71–12.55) for North America, 7.01% (95% CI: 3.51–13.53) for Asia, and 1.65% (95% CI: 0.97–2.80) for Europe. NAFLD prevalence regardless of the diagnostic method was 52.49% (95% CI: 46.23–58.68, 9159 participants) and 39.17% (95% CI: 30.65–48.42, 5371 participants) among obese and overweight/obese participants, respectively. For the general population, trend analysis from 2000 to 2017 indicates an increasing global prevalence of paediatric NAFLD from 4.62% to 9.02% at a yearly increase of 0.26%, whereas forecast analysis predicts a prevalence of 30.7% by 2040.ConclusionThe prevalence of paediatric NAFLD varies by region and is 52.49% overall among the obese population and 7.40% in the general population. It is predicted to reach 30.7% by 2040.
Coercion and non‐consent during birth and newborn care in the United States
Authors: Logan Rachel G. , McLemore Monica R. , Julian Zoë , Stoll Kathrin , Malhotra Nisha ,   GVtM Steering Council, Vedam Saraswathi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the United States, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) experience more adverse health outcomes and report mistreatment during pregnancy and birth care. The rights to bodily autonomy and consent are core components of high‐quality health care. To assess experiences of coercion and nonconsent for procedures during perinatal care among racialized service users in the United States, we analyzed data from the Giving Voice to Mothers (GVtM‐US) study.MethodsIn a subset analysis of the full sample of 2700, we examined survey responses for participants who described the experience of pressure or nonconsented procedures or intervention during perinatal care. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses by racial and ethnic identity for the outcomes: pressure to have perinatal procedures (eg, induction, epidurals, episiotomy, fetal monitoring), nonconsented procedures performed during perinatal care, pressure to have a cesarean birth, and nonconsented procedures during vaginal births.ResultsAmong participants (n = 2490), 34% self‐identified as BIPOC, and 37% had a planned hospital birth. Overall, we found significant differences in pressure and nonconsented perinatal procedures by racial and ethnic identity. These inequities persisted even after controlling for contextual factors, such as birthplace, practitioner type, and prenatal care context. For example, more participants with Black racial identity experienced nonconsented procedures during perinatal care (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.35–2.64) and vaginal births (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.23–2.83) than those identifying as white. In addition, people who identified as other minoritized racial and ethnic identities reported experiencing more pressure to accept perinatal procedures (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.08–2.20) than those who were white.DiscussionThere is a need to address human rights violations in perinatal care for all birthing people with particular attention to the needs of those identifying as BIPOC. By eliminating mistreatment in perinatal care, such as pressure to accept services and nonconsented procedures, we can help mitigate long‐standing inequities.
Complications of sinus floor elevation procedure and management strategies: A systematic review
Authors: Hsu Yung‐Ting , Rosen Paul S. , Choksi Karishma , Shih Ming‐Chieh , Ninneman Shale , Lee Chun‐Teh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis systematic review aimed to investigates the types and incidences of complications following sinus floor elevations (SFE) along with their prevention and management strategies.Materials and methodsElectronic database and hand search were conducted to screen the literature published from January 1960 to June 2021. The selected studies had to report well‐described SFE techniques, complications during, and post‐SFE. Data extraction included types of SFE techniques, complications, and their treatment strategies.ResultsA total of 74 studies with 4411 SFE procedures met the inclusion criteria. Different SFE techniques demonstrated varying patterns for both complications and complication rates. Postoperative pain, swelling, and edema were widely reported. The most common complications that required intervention following Lateral SFE (LSFE) were sinus membrane perforation (SMP), wound dehiscence, graft exposure and failure, and sinusitis. LSFE had more SMPs and sinusitis cases compared with a transcrestal SFE (TSFE). The presence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following TSFE was significant in certain selected studies.ConclusionGiven the inherent limitations, this systematic review showed distinct features of complications in SFE using varying techniques. Treatment planning for these procedures should incorporate strategies to avoid complication occurrence.
Triptolide promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgA nephropathy via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Zhao Lu , Lan Zhixin , Peng Liang , Wan Lili , Liu Di , Tan Xia , Tang Chengyuan , Chen Guochun , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMesangial cell proliferation is the most basic pathological feature of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN); however, the specific underlying mechanism and an appropriate therapeutic strategy are yet to be unearthed. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of triptolide (TP) on IgAN and the mechanism by which TP regulates autophagy and proliferation of mesangial cells through the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway.MethodsWe established a TP‐treated IgAN mouse model and produced IgA1‐induced human mesangial cells (HMC) and divided them into control, TP, IgAN, and IgAN+TP groups. The levels of mesangial cell proliferation (PCNA, cyclin D1, cell viability, and cell cycle) and autophagy (P62, LC3 II, and autophagy flux rate) were measured, with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐Methyladenine used to explore the relationship between autophagy and proliferation. We observed CARD9 expression in renal biopsies from patients and analyzed its clinical significance. CARD9 siRNA and overexpression plasmids were constructed to investigate the changes in mesangial cell proliferation and autophagy as well as the expression of CARD9 and p‐p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK following TP treatment.ResultsAdministering TP was safe and effectively alleviated mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN mice. Moreover, TP inhibited IgA1‐induced HMC proliferation by promoting autophagy. The high expression of CARD9 in IgAN patients was positively correlated with the severity of HMC proliferation. CARD9/p38 MAPK was involved in the regulation of HMC autophagy and proliferation, and TP promoted autophagy to inhibit HMC proliferation by downregulating the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway in IgAN.ConclusionTP promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway.
Computational and behavioral markers of model‐based decision making in childhood
Authors: Smid Claire R. , Kool Wouter , Hauser Tobias U. , Steinbeis Nikolaus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman decision‐making is underpinned by distinct systems that differ in flexibility and associated cognitive cost. A widely accepted dichotomy distinguishes between a cheap but rigid model‐free system and a flexible but costly model‐based system. Typically, humans use a hybrid of both types of decision‐making depending on environmental demands. However, children's use of a model‐based system during decision‐making has not yet been shown. While prior developmental work has identified simple building blocks of model‐based reasoning in young children (1–4 years old), there has been little evidence of this complex cognitive system influencing behavior before adolescence. Here, by using a modified task to make engagement in cognitively costly strategies more rewarding, we show that children aged 5–11‐years (N = 85), including the youngest children, displayed multiple indicators of model‐based decision making, and that the degree of its use increased throughout childhood. Unlike adults (N = 24), however, children did not display adaptive arbitration between model‐free and model‐based decision‐making. Our results demonstrate that throughout childhood, children can engage in highly sophisticated and costly decision‐making strategies. However, the flexible arbitration between decision‐making strategies might be a critically late‐developing component in human development.
Ophthalmic findings in a herd of Caspian miniature horses
Authors: Faghihi Houman , Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Aftab Ghazal , Ozmai Saeed , Golabdar Salar 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe Caspian miniature horse (CMH) is a small horse breed, which has not previously been evaluated for ophthalmic diseases.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the ocular findings and to declare the normal ocular parameters seen in a small herd of CMH.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsForty‐five Caspian miniature horses (25 mares and 20 stallions) were examined. Complete ophthalmic examination, commensal ocular surface microbiota culture and measurement of the horizontal and vertical fissure length were performed.ResultsMean ± SD age of horses was 52.0 ± 33.9 months (range: 12–122 months). Nine different ocular disorders were observed: dacryocystitis, conjunctivitis, linear keratopathy, Haab's striae, corpora nigra atrophy, iris hyperpigmentation, cataract, peripapillary butterfly inactive lesions and inactive choroiditis were detected. In total, 17 eyes (18.8%) of 12 horses (26.2%) had ocular related lesions. Two horses (4%) had more than one ocular lesion; the lesions were consistent with a diagnosis of either traumatic or recurrent uveitis. No vision loss was detected in these horses despite the identified ocular disorders.Main limitationsLimited number of studied animals.ConclusionsThis study reported ocular findings in a small herd of CMH. A minority of horses in the herd had ocular lesions suggesting a history of glaucoma and/or equine recurrent uveitis.
Lipopolysaccharide reduces melanin synthesis in vitiligo melanocytes by regulating autophagy
Authors: Sun Lijun , Sun Jingying , Huo Xueping , Feng Qing , Li Yan , Xie Xin , Geng Songmei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVitiligo is an autoimmune‐related disease with a complex aetiology that involves innate immunity. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are important parts of innate immunity and are related to a variety of autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we found that the TLR4 gene expression was increased in blood samples of patients with advanced stage vitiligo, and then, we evaluated the effect of TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on melanin synthesis in a vitiligo melanocyte cell line PIG3V and along with its mechanism. LPS suppressed melanin synthesis, downregulated the expression of melanin synthesis‐related proteins and activated autophagy in vitiligo melanocytes. Inhibiting autophagy with 3‐methyladenine or chloroquine blocked these effects. This suggests that LPS inhibits skin pigmentation by modulating autophagy, thus providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Immunological memory to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Sette Alessandro , Crotty Shane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImmunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, and long‐lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding memory to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative and qualitative features of different cellular and anatomical compartments; and durability of each cellular component and antibodies. Given the sophistication of the measurements; the size of the human studies; the use of longitudinal samples and cross‐sectional studies; and head‐to‐head comparisons between infection and vaccines or between multiple vaccines, the understanding of immune memory for 1 year to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccines already supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccines, as well as the scientific development of future vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 and other diseases.
Effects of elevated CO2 on grain yield and quality in five wheat cultivars
Authors: Wang Xizi , Li Xiangnan , Zhong Yuyue , Blennow Andreas , Liang Kehao , Liu Fulai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) have a significant impact on plant physiology, grain yield and quality and the specific response of plants to e[CO2] is closely linked to cultivars. Here, five Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown under ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 400 ppm) and e[CO2] (800 ppm). CO2 enrichment significantly increased net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency but depressed stomatal conductance. e[CO2] increased the carbon (C) concentration but decreased the nitrogen (N) concentration in all five cultivars, whereas the effect of e[CO2] on grain yield was highly dependent on cultivar. Moreover, e[CO2] caused a significant reduction in grain minerals and protein, although the magnitude of reduction was different among these cultivars. The starch concentrations in the grains and flour viscosity were not significantly affected at e[CO2]. These findings improve our understanding of the interactive effect of CO2 conditions and cultivars on plant performances and provide a research basis to select suitable wheat cultivars to deal with food crisis in future climate.
Improved performance of bimetallic oxides CuO–Y2O3 synthesized by sol–gel for methanol steam reforming
Authors: Shen Qiuwan , Cai Zhongwen , Shao Zicheng , Yang Guogang , Li Shian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of bimetallic oxide catalysts CuO–Y2O3 were synthesized by different sol–gel methods for methanol steam reforming (MSR). The performance of the synthesized catalyst was investigated by characterization of X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer techniques. The effects of different complexing agents on the property of the CuO–Y2O3 were identified. The results showed that CuO–Y2O3 synthesized by citric acid‐EDTA as a complexing agent showed the best performance, which has the largest specific surface area and shows the highest dispersion of particles and lowest average size than others. The relatively large specific surface area could increase the contact area between the catalyst and the feed, thereby improving the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Moreover, without hydrogen reduction treatment, the selectivity of hydrogen to CuO–Y2O3 can reach more than 99%, whereas the selectivity of CO is only 0.3% (under the reaction conditions: temperature of 300°C, the ratio of water to methanol of 4:1, feed flow rate of 4 ml/h). The addition of yttrium enhances the interaction of the two active components, copper and yttrium, thereby preventing the migration of the active components. This work provides a potential and economical Cu–Y oxide catalyst for onboard in situ hydrogen production from MSR, because it can reduce the hydrogen reduction process time.
Robust prognostic model based on immune infiltration‐related genes and clinical information in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Xi , Kong Weikaixin , Gao Miaomiao , Huang Weiran , Peng Chao , Huang Zhuo , Xie Zhengwei , Guo Hongyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImmune infiltration of ovarian cancer (OV) is a critical factor in determining patient's prognosis. Using data from TCGA and GTEx database combined with WGCNA and ESTIMATE methods, 46 genes related to OV occurrence and immune infiltration were identified. Lasso and multivariate Cox regression were applied to define a prognostic score (IGCI score) based on 3 immune genes and 3 types of clinical information. The IGCI score has been verified by K‐M curves, ROC curves and C‐index on test set. In test set, IGCI score (C‐index = 0.630) is significantly better than AJCC stage (C‐index = 0.541, p < 0.05) and CIN25 (C‐index = 0.571, p < 0.05). In addition, we identified key mutations to analyse prognosis of patients and the process related to immunity. Chi‐squared tests revealed that 6 mutations are significantly (p < 0.05) related to immune infiltration: BRCA1, ZNF462, VWF, RBAK, RB1 and ADGRV1. According to mutation survival analysis, we found 5 key mutations significantly related to patient prognosis (p < 0.05): CSMD3, FLG2, HMCN1, TOP2A and TRRAP. RB1 and CSMD3 mutations had small p‐value (p < 0.1) in both chi‐squared tests and survival analysis. The drug sensitivity analysis of key mutation showed when RB1 mutation occurs, the efficacy of six anti‐tumour drugs has changed significantly (p < 0.05).
Immediate implant placement with or without immediate provisionalization: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pitman Jeremy , Seyssens Lorenz , Christiaens Véronique , Cosyn Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of immediate provisionalization (IP) on soft tissue changes, hard tissue changes, and clinical parameters following single immediate implant placement (IIP).Materials and MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies up to September 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IIP with IP (test) and IIP without IP (control) were included for a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The primary outcome was vertical midfacial soft tissue changes. Secondary outcomes included horizontal midfacial soft tissue changes, implant survival, mesial and distal papillary changes, Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at final follow‐up, marginal bone‐level changes, probing depth at final follow‐up, and bleeding on probing at final follow‐up.ResultsOf the 8213 records, 7 RCTs reporting on 323 patients who received 323 single immediate implants (IIP + IP: 161 implants in 161 patients; IIP: 162 implants in 162 patients) were selected with a mean follow‐up ranging from 12 to 60 months. Risk of bias assessment yielded some concerns for five RCTs and high risk for two RCTs. Meta‐analysis on the cases with intact alveoli demonstrated 0.87 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.57; 1.17], p < .001) less apical migration of the midfacial soft tissue level for IIP + IP when compared to IIP alone. Implant survival, papillary changes, marginal bone‐level changes, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were not significantly affected by IP. Insufficient data were available for meta‐analyses on horizontal midfacial soft tissue changes and PES.ConclusionsIP may contribute to midfacial soft tissue stability at immediate implants. However, high‐quality RCTs are needed since the strength of this conclusion is currently rated as low according to GRADE guidelines.