bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale modeling of stochastic dynamics processes with MBN Explorer
Authors: Solov'yov Ilia A. , Sushko Gennady , Friis Ida , Solov'yov Andrey V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStochastic dynamics describes processes in complex systems having the probabilistic nature. They can involve very different dynamical systems and occur on very different temporal and spatial scale. This paper discusses the concept of stochastic dynamics and its implementation in the popular program MBN Explorer. Stochastic dynamics in MBN Explorer relies on the Monte Carlo approach and permits simulations of physical, chemical, and biological processes. The paper presents the basic theoretical concepts underlying stochastic dynamics implementation and provides several examples highlighting its applicability to different systems, such as diffusing proteins seeking an anchor point on a cell membrane, deposition of nanoparticles on a surface leading to structures with fractal morphologies, and oscillations of compounds in an autocatalytic reaction. The chosen examples illustrate the diversity of applications that can be modeled by means of stochastic dynamics with MBN Explorer.
Isolation of a lytic bacteriophage against extensively drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections and its dramatic effect in rat model of burn infection
Authors: Ghaznavi‐Rad Ehsanollah , Komijani Majid , Moradabadi Alireza , Rezaei Marzieh , Shaykh‐Baygloo Nima 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAcinetobacter Baumannii is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen belonging to the Moraxellaceae family. The emergence of multidrug resistant strains of this pathogen caused many problems for hospitals and patients. The aim of the current study was to isolate, identify, and morphologically, physiologically, and in vivo analyze a new lytic bacteriophage targeting extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) A. baumannii.Materials and MethodsDifferent wastewater samples were tested for isolation of lytic bacteriophage against 19 A. baumannii isolates obtained from patients hospitalized in a hospital in Arak, Iran, from January 2019 to March 2019. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of A. baumannii strains (resistance genes including: adeA, adeB, adeC, adeR, adeS, ISAba1, blaOXA‐23, blaOXA‐24) were analyzed. The isolated phage characteristics including adsorption time, pH and thermal stability, host range, one‐step growth rate, electron microscopy examination, and therapeutic efficacy of the phage were also investigated. Therapeutic efficacy of the phage was evaluated in a rat model with burn infection of XDR A. baumannii. The lesion image was taken on different days after burning and infection induction and was compared with phage untreated lesions.ResultsThe results showed unique characteristics of the isolated phage (vB‐AbauM‐Arak1) including high specificity for Acinetobacter baumannii, stability at a relatively wide range of temperatures and pH values, short adsorption time, short latent period, and large burst size. In relation to the therapeutic efficacy of the phage, the lesion area decreased in phage‐treated groups over 14 days than in those untreated, significantly (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that isolated lytic phage was able to eliminate burn infections caused by XDR A. baumannii in a rat model. So, it may be recommended as alternative options toward to developing a treatment for extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter infections.
The association between Monocyte‐to‐Lymphocyte ratio and postoperative delirium in ICU patients in cardiac surgery
Authors: Su Xunling , Wang Jie , Lu Xing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and postoperative delirium (POD).MethodsThis cohort study was conducted in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐III (MIMIC‐III) version 1.4 database. MLR was measured according to the complete blood count. ICD‐9 was used to measure postoperative delirium. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to examine the relationship between MLR and POD.ResultsThree thousand eight hundred sixty‐eight patients who had received cardiac surgery were retrospectively enrolled, including 2171 males and 1697 females, with a mean age of 63.9 ± 16.2 years. The univariate analysis suggested that high MLR (as a continuous variable) as associated with a 21% higher risk of POD (O R: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.02, 1.43, p = 0.0259), After adjustments for other confounding factors, gender, age, race, temperature, SBP, DBP, MAP, respiratory rate, SOFA, peripheral vascular disease, AG, psychoses, drug, and alcohol addiction, the results showed that high MLR (as a continuous variable) independently served as a risk factor for POD (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01–1.44; p = 0.0378). MLR was assessed as quintile and tertiles, high MLR was an independent risk factor for POD. In the subgroup analysis, there were no differences in MLR for patients with POD in pre‐specified subgroups.ConclusionsMonocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was a risk factor for POD. More research is necessary to thoroughly examine the function of MLR in POD.
Frequency equation and semi‐empirical mechanical coupling strength of microcantilevers in an array
Authors: Dat Le Tri , Pham Vinh N. T. , Vy Nguyen Duy , Payam Amir F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA characteristic equation for the frequencies of the T‐shaped and overhang‐shaped cantilevers is derived for the first time. We show that there are optimum values of the overhang lengths and widths that maximize the frequency and the number of maxima is corresponding to the mode number. The frequency of higher‐order modes could be tuned by changing the overhang dimensions. Especially, a semi‐empirical formula for the coupling strength between cantilevers in an array is proposed where the strength presents a cubic decrease with the overhang width and a linear increase with the overhang length , . There is a very good agreement between the proposed formula and the values obtained in recent experiments by other researchers.
Healthcare resource use and cost burden of urinary incontinence to United States payers
Authors: Datar Manasi , Pan Li‐Chen , McKinney Jessica L. , Goss Thomas F. , Pulliam Samantha J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess healthcare resource utilization and costs for female patients diagnosed with stress or mixed urinary incontinence (SUI/MUI) compared to a matched cohort of patients without SUI/MUI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective matched cohort study of women using the IBM MarketScan research database. Women diagnosed with SUI/MUI between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2016 were identified using International Classification of Diseases 9 and 10 codes for SUI or MUI with the date of first diagnosis as the index date from which 2‐year postindex healthcare resource use and direct cost data were derived from claims, examined, and compared 1:1 with patients without a SUI/MUI diagnosis, matched by age and Charlson's Comorbidity Index.ResultsA total of 68 636 women with SUI/MUI were matched 1:1 with controls. In the 2‐year postindex date, a significantly higher proportion of SUI/MUI patients had ≥1 inpatient visit and ≥1 outpatient visit compared to the control group (inpatient: 18.89% vs. 12.10%, p < 0.0001; outpatient: 88.44% vs. 73.23%, p < 0.0001). Mean primary care visits were significantly higher in SUI/MUI patients compared to controls (7.33 vs. 5.53; p < 0.0001) as were specialist visits (1.2 vs. 0.08; p < 0.0001). Mean all‐cause outpatient costs were higher in SUI/MUI patients compared to controls ($7032.10 vs. $3348.50; p < 0.0001), as were inpatient costs ($3990.70 vs. $2313.70; p < 0.0001).ConclusionWomen with SUI/MUI consume significantly higher medical resources and incur higher costs to payers, compared to women without SUI/MUI. While reasons for this are not fully understood, improved and standardized treatment for women with SUI/MUI may positively affect cost and outcomes.
Preparation of HNTs‐d‐GO hybrid nanoparticles for gallic acid epoxy composites with improved thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Zhao Xiao Lei , Hou Gui Xiang , Yu Shou Wu , Wang Ming Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKH550 modified halloysite nanotubes (m‐HNTs) were hybridized with sulfoxide chloride acylated graphene oxide (m‐GO) to prepare hybrid nanoparticles (HNTs‐d‐GO). The microstructure and morphology analysis of HNTs‐d‐GO hybrid nanoparticles showed that the ordered lamellar structure of GO after acyl chlorination was stripped, and the organic groups on the surface of the lamellar increased. HNTs‐d‐GO hybrid nanoparticles were formed through the amidation of m‐HNTs and m‐GO. Then HNTs‐d‐GO hybrid nanoparticles were incorporated in galic acid epoxy resin to improve the thermal and mechanical properties. HNTs‐d‐GO/galic acid epoxy resin (HNTs‐d‐GO/GAER) bio‐based nanocomposites were prepared with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent. The galic acid epoxy composites with the addition of HNTs‐d‐GO exhibited significant enhancements of impact strength, tensile strength, storage modulus, and glass transition temperature. The initial thermal decomposition temperature (T5%) decreased, and the mass retention at 800°C increased, thermal stability of HNTs‐d‐GO/GAER composites were enhanced. At an optimum concentration of 0.75 wt% HNTs‐d‐GO, a simultaneous increase in strength and toughness was observed in comparison to the unfilled cured resin, the impact strength is 2.87 kJ/m2, which is 30.4% higher than pure GAER, and the tensile strength is 42.62 MPa, which is 29.2% higher than pure GAER. Compared with pure gallic acid epoxy resin, the content of HNTs‐d‐GO is 0.25 wt%, Tg increased by 28.9°C.
A photonic MEMS interposer to solve electronic and optical assembly challenges
Authors: Li Jian , Sielecki Andrzej , Beletkaia Elena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotonic applications often face industry‐specific assembly requirements that can be challenging to overcome. There is a need for micron‐accurate alignment, device miniaturization and integration in challenging form factors. Special materials and packaging must be developed for the best performance of the devices in exacting environmental conditions. In the medical field, these requirements are additionally complicated by the demanding ISO 13485 regulations. The article demonstrates how solutions are found in a combination of new and existing technology in microelectronics packaging and now made suitable for photonics.
Combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos improves cardiac function of diabetic cardiomyopathy mice by regulating the unfolded protein response signaling pathway
Authors: Li Jianping , Xu Meiling , Xing Baotong , Liu Yun , Zhang Qian , Guo Jianming , Duan Jinao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a unique clinical entity elicited by diabetes independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, of which the pathological mechanisms and treatment strategies remain largely undefined. This study aimed to clarify the role of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of DCM, and to explore the effect of aqueous extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos (DH) on DCM mice. Cardiac function of DCM mice was evaluated by echocardiography, and lipid profile of left ventricular was analyzed by untargeted lipidomics. The results showed that DH significantly improved the diabetic symptoms, cardiac dyslipidemia, and systolic dysfunction of DCM mice. UPR signaling pathway was significantly down‐regulated in the left ventricular of DCM mice. DH significantly up‐regulated the transcriptions of key transducers in UPR signaling pathway. Conditional knockout of Xbp1 in cardiomyocyte (a key regulator in UPR signaling pathway) eliminated the protective effect of DH on cardiac systolic function of DCM mice, which suggested that UPR signaling pathway, especially the Xbp1, was required for DH protection against DCM. In conclusion, DH improved cardiac function of DCM mice, and this effect was dependent on its regulation of UPR signaling pathway.
Blockchain for Health IoT: A privacy‐preserving data sharing system
Authors: Chen Songling , Fu Xiangling , Si Hongchao , Wang Yi , Gao Songfeng , Wang Chunyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHealth Internet of Things (Health IoT) has been limited by isolated information and a lack of security. As the combination of blockchain and Health IoT could potentially address these two limitations, it has attracted significant interest. However, blockchain‐based systems often fail to balance data sharing and privacy protection. Therefore, we proposed a Health IoT‐based privacy‐preserving data sharing blockchain system. We designed a privacy‐preserving method based on the content extraction signature scheme to enable patients to establish fine‐grained privacy protection. We designed a Byzantine fault‐tolerant leader election mechanism that enhances the security of the Raft algorithm while providing efficiency in the data sharing. Furthermore, we designed a summary contract to ensure efficient data retrieval. The proposed mechanism was evaluated in terms of the efficiency and security. The simulation and analysis results demonstrate that our scheme offers a secure and effective technique for achieving privacy‐preserving and efficient sharing of IoT medical data.
Entwurf des Ersatzneubaus der Rheinbrücke Duisburg‐Neuenkamp
Authors: Schumm Marc , Pasderski Udo , Krinitzki Christopher , Lakrori Petri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAufgrund des defizitären Zustands der bestehenden Rheinbrücke Duisburg‐Neuenkamp sowie der ständig zunehmenden Verkehrsbelastung sind die Schaffung einer leistungsfähigen Rheinquerung und der achtstreifige Ausbau der A 40 zwischen der AS Duisburg‐Homberg und dem AK Duisburg zwingend erforderlich und daher als wesentlicher Bestandteil des Vorhabens 220 im Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2030 mit Planungsrecht ausgewiesen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich mit den Besonderheiten der Planung des Ersatzneubaus der Rheinbrücke. Es wird auf die entwurfsbestimmenden Randbedingungen bis hin zur gestalterischen und statisch konstruktiven Ausbildung der Brückenbauwerke eingegangen sowie der Bauablauf vorgestellt.
Operational implementation of concrete thermal modeling for construction projects
Authors: Aït Alaïwa Abdelghafour , Thiebaut Yvan , Linger Lionel , Boutillon Laurent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEstimating delayed ettringite formation risks, early age cracking and/or early age strengths in concrete structures is still a complex task to achieve in construction projects. Indeed, numerous complex coupled phenomena occur during concrete hydration process, which must be finely described for accurate predictions of these different criteria. It requires the determination of various input data, which leads to various experimental tests (calorimetry, mechanical properties, temperature records, both chemical, and physical concrete constituent properties) which are not fully available for industrial practices. Therefore, since more than a decade Vinci Construction Grands Projets focuses on modeling and numerical simulations which allows transferring both construction project feedbacks and internal research investigations to our next industrial applications in the form of methodology and internal recommendations. Different representative examples from successful experienced projects illustrate this methodology and draw the main relevant key features to optimize construction processes. This paper shows that predicting the evolution of thermo‐physical properties of concrete from its mix design at the macroscopic scale allows an accurate temperature prediction in concrete structures when the used model correctly captures the key phenomena such as the thermo‐activation process based on the full detailed “Methodology.” For the prediction of DEF and thermal cracks risks, the associated project requirements inherited from technical guides and relevant standards have been employed to help construction teams to optimize their construction options and associated planning in the most safely conditions.
Solving Models Using Calculus
Authors: Loucks Daniel P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolutions to many economic models are based on marginal values of functions, such as marginal costs, marginal benefits, and marginal net benefits, or whatever the function being maximized or minimized represent. These marginal values are the slopes of functions. This chapter introduces how to use differential calculus to find the slopes and solutions to problems characterized by continuous non-linear functions. The reverse, called integral calculus, is also introduced for finding areas under functions that can represent total costs, benefits, and/or other values such as probabilities that are discussed in later chapters.
Chance Constrained and Monte Carlo Modeling
Authors: Loucks Daniel P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConstraints of models that contain random variables may be applicable only some of the time. Constraints that apply only a specified fraction of the time are called chance constraints. This chapter illustrates how chance constraints can be included in optimization models. In addition, the chapter demonstrates how to generate values of random variables fitting user defined probability distributions. These random variable values often serve as inputs to stochastic simulation models.
From Integrated to Remote Operations: Digital Transformation in the Energy Industry as Infrastructuring
Authors: Hepsø Vidar , Parmiggiani Elena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe energy industry in Norway has a long tradition in using information technology to enable integrated operations, namely, remote collaboration between personnel at offshore installations and experts at onshore office environments. Currently, the industry is undergoing a digital transformation in which remote operations of unmanned offshore assets are the emerging standard. To ensure trustworthy and reliable operations, offshore remote sensing capabilities must be established through not only technical means but also a broader transformation involving new competence, work processes, and governance principles. In this chapter, we reconstruct this transformation and ask: What are the emerging capabilities that develop around the remote operation digital infrastructure? We unpack how the new digital infrastructure is a continuation of the practices and systems that have been established over time. We use historical reconstruction with vignettes from the development of a new generation of remotely operated offshore installations in oil and gas and wind facilities to describe the ongoing digital transformation as a process of infrastructuring in which the infrastructure gets increasingly entangled with internal and external systems, stakeholders, and agendas. In doing so, we shed light on how the established local and situated solutions evolve and are compensated for through the technical and organizational principles of the emerging information infrastructure.
The Norwegian Mobile Telephony and Internet Markets
Authors: Øverby Harald , Audestad Jan A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNorway has been a pioneer in the development and adoption of the Internet and mobile telephony technologies. Already from an early stage, Norway was involved in research, development, and testing of initiatives such as the ARPANET project and the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system. Today, access to the Internet and mobile technologies—including smartphones—is globally widespread. The major objective of this chapter is to describe how the market for the Internet and mobile telephony in Norway has evolved since its inception in the 1970s until today. The historical and current market structure of telecommunications is discussed. Moreover, the chapter investigates the role and significance of mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). Finally, the chapter examines the regulations imposed by the Norwegian Communications Authority (Nkom) on dominant stakeholders in the Norwegian telecom market.
Digital Transformation in Renewable Energy: Use Cases and Experiences from a Nordic Power Producer
Authors: Xing Liyuan , Sizov Gleb , Gundersen Odd Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electric power system is changing. The changes include the integration of renewable resources, such as wind farms and solar plants, making the grid smarter so that it can react and adapt to changes and increase customer engagement. These changes of the power system have radical effects, which can only be tackled if it is digitized, so digital transformation of the power system is of paramount concern.Electrical energy management systems are therefore an integral part of the digitization process. Such systems typically provide the fundamental information and computation capability to perform real-time network analyses, to provide strategies for controlling system energy flows, and to determine the most economical mix of power generation, consumption, and trades. Currently, the maturity of digitization is at different levels for various parts of the electrical power system. Machine learning has been suggested as a tool for making smart grids that can adapt to sudden changes and long-term distributional shifts and recover from errors. The interest in implementing machine learning methods into energy management systems has grown in recent years, and many companies are taking the first steps.TrønderEnergi is a Norwegian power generation company that does exactly this. It aims at increasing the value of renewable energy and at the same time reducing the cost. In the context of hydropower and wind power, there are several use cases that undergo digital transformation in TrønderEnergi. Examples of such use cases are (1) hydropower trading, (2) wind power trading, and (3) predictive maintenance on wind farms and hydro plants. These use cases as well as the digital transformation processes are introduced in detail in this chapter along with our practical experience. We discuss how machine learning helps to improve the functioning of the existing systems and optimize operations. Inspired by these use cases, we believe digital transformation will continue to make inroads in other applied areas in energy management systems and form the digital electric power ecosystem.