bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The eikonal operator at arbitrary velocities I: the soft-radiation limit
Authors: Di Vecchia Paolo , Heissenberg Carlo , Russo Rodolfo , Veneziano Gabriele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Observables related to the real part of the gravitational eikonal, such as the deflection angle and time delay, have been found so far to have a smooth post-Minkowskian (PM) expansion whose validity extends from the non-relativistic to the most extreme ultra-relativistic (UR) regime, which smoothly connects with massless particle collisions. To describe gravitational radiation, the eikonal phase has to be promoted to a unitary operator for which we motivate a proposal and start discussing properties in the soft-radiation limit. A convergent PM expansion is found to only hold below an UR bound (discussed in the GR literature in the seventies) above which a different expansion is instead needed implying, in general, some non-analyticity in Newton’s constant. In this extreme UR regime soft radiative observables receive contributions only from gravitons and are therefore universal. This generalises the pattern discussed in [1] beyond the elastic case.
Generation of human myogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells for in vivo regeneration
Authors: Kim Hyunkee , Perlingeiro Rita C. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMuscular dystrophy encompasses a large number of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by progressive and devastating muscle wasting. Cell-based replacement strategies aimed at promoting skeletal muscle regeneration represent a candidate therapeutic approach to treat muscular dystrophies. Due to the difficulties of obtaining large numbers of stem cells from a muscle biopsy as well as expanding these in vitro, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an attractive cell source for the generation of myogenic progenitors, given that PSCs can repeatedly produce large amounts of lineage-specific tissue, representing an unlimited source of cells for therapy. In this review, we focus on the progress to date on different methods for the generation of human PSC-derived myogenic progenitor cells, their regenerative capabilities upon transplantation, their potential for allogeneic and autologous transplantation, as well as the specific challenges to be considered for future therapeutic applications.
Trotter Product Formulae for $$*$$-Automorphisms of Quantum Lattice Systems
Authors: Bachmann Sven , Lange Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider the dynamics $$t\mapsto \tau _t$$

t
↦

τ
t

of an infinite quantum lattice system that is generated by a local interaction. If the interaction decomposes into a finite number of terms that are themselves local interactions, we show that $$\tau _t$$

τ
t

can be efficiently approximated by a product of n automorphisms, each of them being an alternating product generated by the individual terms. For any integer m, we construct a product formula (in the spirit of Trotter) such that the approximation error scales as $$n^{-m}$$

n

-
m

. Our bounds hold in norm, pointwise for algebra elements that are sufficiently well approximated by finite volume observables.
Gerinnungsmanagement bei der postpartalen Hämorrhagie
Authors: Haslinger Christian , Korte Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungJede schwere postpartale Hämorrhagie (PPH) wird aufgrund der Pathophysiologie und der Behandlung in eine erworbene Gerinnungsstörung münden. Deshalb ist es unumgänglich, dass auch Geburtshelfer/innen die Grundzüge des Gerinnungsmanagements bei der PPH beherrschen. In einem ersten Schritt gilt es, die postpartal häufig anzutreffende gesteigerte Fibrinolyse zu durchbrechen durch die Gabe von Tranexamsäure. Die weiteren Schritte dienen der Aufrechterhaltung funktionierender Rahmenbedingungen für die Gerinnung: Volumenersatz durch kristalloide Infusionslösungen (keine Kolloide), Achten auf Körpertemperatur sowie Korrektur von Kalzium- und pH-Werten. Im Falle einer anhaltenden schweren PPH mit entsprechend hohem Blutverlust gilt es, die Gerinnung durch Gabe von Einzelfaktoren zu stützen (Faktor XIII, Fibrinogen) sowie ggf. Thrombozyten und Erythrozyten zu ersetzen. Bei massivem Blutverlust ist auf adäquaten Ersatz des Plasmavolumens zu achten; bei gleichzeitiger Koagulopathie bietet sich die Verabreichung von gefrorenem Frischplasma (FFP) an. Nach überstandener PPH besteht postpartal ein erhöhtes Thromboembolierisiko mit entsprechender Notwendigkeit zur Thromboseprophylaxe.
Effectiveness of supervised Kegel exercises using bio-feedback versus unsupervised Kegel exercises on stress urinary incontinence: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Cross Donelle , Waheed Nasreena , Krake Michelle , Gahreman Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to investigate and compare the efficacy of supervised Kegel exercises with bio-feedback on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) compared with unsupervised Kegel exercises.

Method
Matched-group quasi-experimental study of 29 female participants divided into two groups (supervised and non-supervised) was conducted over 12 weeks. Baseline measurements of PFMS were undertaken by a women’s health physiotherapist and a Kegel exercise regime bespoke designed for each participant. The supervised group visited the physiotherapist monthly for bio-feedback training (BT); the unsupervised group continued at home with their individualised Kegel exercises. Data were collected via a perineometer (Peritron™) and self-reporting responses to questionnaires. All participants received a final PFMS measurement on completion of the study.

Results
Overall Incontinence Severity index (ISI) score was significantly lower in the supervised group post-intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicated that supervised Kegel exercises significantly reduced frequency (p= 0.002) and severity (p= 0.020) of overall ISI. Analysis of PFMS were not significantly different, despite an increase in maximum voluntary contraction or pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) (p= 0.032) in the supervised group. Of the questionnaires, results of Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicated that “total bother” was significantly reduced (p= 0.005) in the supervised group. The correlation analysis between PFMS and ISI did not reveal any significant results.

Conclusions
The study confirmed that supervised BT is more effective in reducing SUI than unsupervised Kegel exercises, and that this reduction in ISI score did not correlate with the improvement in PFMS.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mortality in Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Patients: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ngo Xuan Thai , Nguyen Tuan Thanh , Dobbs Ryan W. , Thai Minh Sam , Vu Duc Huy , Dinh Le Quy Van , Quy Khoa , Le Hieu Trong , Hoang Tien‐Dat , Ngo Hanh Thi Tuyet , Van Trinh Ngoc Khanh , Tiong Ho Yee , Vuong Huy Gia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is a severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma which is associated with significant case mortality. We sought to identify the incidence and predictive risk factors associated with EP mortality.
MethodsTwo electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science, were searched from their inception until June 06, 2021 for relevant articles. Two independent teams reviewed abstracts and extracted data from the selected manuscripts. A meta‐analysis has been reported in line with PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR Guidelines.
ResultsOf the 1080 retrieved abstracts, 79 underwent full‐text review and 45 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising a total cohort of 1303 patients and 177 mortalities. The pooled prevalence of mortality among the patients with EP disease was 13%. Our analysis found a significantly decreasing trend in mortality rates, an increasing trend in minimally invasive intervention and decreasing trends in emergency nephrectomy in the EP studies from 1985 to 2020. Significant risk factors that were associated with a negative impact on survival of EP patients included sepsis (OR = 15.99), shock (OR = 15.57), disturbance of consciousness (OR = 12.11), thrombocytopenia (OR 7.85), acute renal failure (OR = 5.41), Wan classification I (OR = 4.57), emergency nephrectomy (OR = 3.73), Huang–Tseng classification III–IV (OR = 2.4) and medical management alone (OR = 2.04). Female sex (OR = 0.52) and minimally invasive intervention (OR = 0.47) (percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteral stent placement) were associated with decreased mortality rates.ConclusionsOur study results demonstrated several significant risk factors that could help guide treatment to reduce the mortality risk of EP patients. Clinically, early treatment with a combination of minimally invasive intervention and appropriate medical management may be protective for reducing mortality risk in EP patients.
A new model for zircon saturation in silicate melts
Authors: Crisp Laura J. , Berry Andrew J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new model describing zircon saturation in silicate melts is presented that combines the results of 196 data from new experiments with data from previous experimental studies. In the new experiments, the concentration of Zr in melts coexisting with zircon was determined at temperatures between 800 and 1500 °C for 21 compositions (with alumina saturation index, ASI, from 0.20 to 1.15), containing ~ 1 to 16 wt % FeOT and, for a subset of these conditions, at variable pressure (0.0001 to 4.0 GPa) and water content (0 to 15 wt %). The collated dataset contains 626 data, with 430 from 26 literature studies, and covers conditions from 750 to 1620 °C, (including 45 new data and 106 literature data for temperatures < 1000 °C), ASI 0.20 to 2.00, 0.0001 to 4.0 GPa and 0 to 17 wt % H2O. A limitation of previous models of zircon saturation is the choice of parameter used to describe the silicate melt, which may not be appropriate for all compositions and can result in differences in predicted temperatures of over 200 °C for granitic systems. Here we use optical basicity (Λ), which can be easily calculated from the major oxide components of a melt, to parameterise the composition. Using a non-linear least-squares multiple regression, the new zircon saturation model is:$$\log{\mathrm{Zr}} = 0.96(5) - 5790(95)/T - 1.28(8)P + 12.39(35){\varLambda} + 0.83(9)x.\text{H}{_2}\text{O} + 2.06(16)P{\varLambda} $$

log
Zr
=
0.96

(
5
)

-
5790

(
95
)

/
T
-
1.28

(
8
)

P
+
12.39

(
35
)

Λ
+
0.83

(
9
)

x
.
H

2

O
+
2.06

(
16
)

P
Λ

where Zr is in ppm, T is temperature in K, P is pressure in GPa, Λ is the optical basicity of the melt, x.H2O is the mole fraction of water in the melt, and the errors are 1σ. This model confirms that temperature and melt composition are the dominant controls on zircon solubility. In addition, pressure and melt water content exert small but resolvable effects on the solubility and are included, for the first time, in a model. Using this new calibration, 92% of the predicted temperatures are within 10% of the experimental temperatures for the collated dataset (with an average temperature difference of 57 °C), while predicted temperatures for only 78 and 62% of the collated dataset are within 10% of the experimental temperature (with average temperature differences > 80 °C) using the widely cited Watson and Harrison (Earth Planet Sci Lett 64:295–304, 1983) and Boehnke et al. (Chem Geol 351:324–334, 2013) models, respectively. This new model can be extrapolated to temperatures below those included in the calibration with greater accuracy and when applied to melt inclusions from the Bishop Tuff, gives temperatures that are in excellent agreement with independent estimates.
Videofluoroscopy Practice in India: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rahul , Bhat Bhavana , Nayak Priyanka Suresh , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOwing to differences in clinical approaches toward videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS), professional and governing bodies in some countries have implemented guidelines for performing VFSS. However, in India, the establishment of such practice guidelines is in initial stages of acceptance and there are no uniform guidelines. The aim of the current study was to investigate and describe the clinical practice patterns related to VFSS assessments among Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) in India. An electronic survey consisting of 34 questions categorized into four main sections (demographic details and education; current practice; instrumental and technical considerations; protocol and assessment methods) was sent to SLPs registered with the Indian Speech and Hearing Association (ISHA) through email and social media from August 2020 to January 2021. A total of 129 eligible responses were received. More than 50% of the participants used a standard assessment and analysis protocol. Barium and water-soluble contrasts were mostly used, and 97% of participants did not know what percent weight to volume (w/v) or volume to volume (v/v) contrast to fluid were used. Considerable amount of variability was observed in the responses of our participants, which was consistent with international surveys of VFSS practice patterns. Lack of adequate radiation safety measures was also observed. Our findings suggest a need to increase awareness and training among Indian SLPs in technical and procedural aspects of VFSS, and more sensitization toward radiation safety. ISHA should consider forming a committee to develop and adopt uniform nationwide practices in VFSS. Future studies exclusively investigating barriers and facilitators to VFSS practice in the Indian scenario are necessary.
Risk factors for developing hyperoxaluria in children with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Salem Amr , Sawires Happy , Eskander Ayman , Marwan Radwa , Boshra Engy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
For the purpose of a better understanding of enteric hyperoxaluria in Crohn’s disease (CD) in children and adolescents, we investigated the occurrence and risk factors for development of hyperoxaluria in those patients.

Methods
Forty-five children with CD and another 45 controls were involved in this cross-sectional study. Urine samples were collected for measurement of spot urine calcium/creatinine (Ur Ca/Cr), oxalate/creatinine (Ur Ox/Cr), and citrate/creatinine (Ur Citr/Cr) ratios. Fecal samples were also collected to detect the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase of Oxalobacter formigenes by PCR. Patients were classified into 2 groups: group A (with hyperoxaluria) and group B (with normal urine oxalate excretion). The disease extent was assessed, and the activity index was calculated.

Results
According to the activity index, 30 patients (66.7%) had mild disease and 13 patients (28.9%) had moderate disease. There was no significant difference in Ur Ox/Cr ratio regarding the disease activity index. O. formigenes was not detected in 91% of patients in group A while it was detected in all patients in group B (p < 0.001). By using logistic regression analysis, the overall model was statistically significant when compared to the null model, (χ2 (7) = 52.19, p < 0.001), steatorrhea (p = 0.004), frequent stools (p = 0.009), and O. formigenes (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Lack of intestinal colonization with O. formigenes, steatorrhea, and frequent stools are the main risk factors for development of enteric hyperoxaluria in CD patients. Identifying risk factors facilitates proper disease management in future studies.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Performance of hybrid artificial intelligence in determining candidacy for lumbar stenosis surgery
Authors: Mourad Raphael , Kolisnyk Serhii , Baiun Yurii , Falk Alessandra , Yuriy Titenkov , Valerii Frolov , Kopeev Aleksey , Suldina Olga , Pospelov Andrey , Kim Jack , Rusakov Andrej , Lebl Darren R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a condition affecting several hundreds of thousands of adults in the United States each year and is associated with significant economic burden. The current decision-making practice to determine surgical candidacy for LSS is often subjective and clinician specific. In this study, we hypothesize that the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) methods could prove comparable in terms of prediction accuracy to that of a panel of spine experts.

Methods
We propose a novel hybrid AI model which computes the probability of spinal surgical recommendations for LSS, based on patient demographic factors, clinical symptom manifestations, and MRI findings. The hybrid model combines a random forest model trained from medical vignette data reviewed by surgeons, with an expert Bayesian network model built from peer-reviewed literature and the expert opinions of a multidisciplinary team in spinal surgery, rehabilitation medicine, interventional and diagnostic radiology. Sets of 400 and 100 medical vignettes reviewed by surgeons were used for training and testing.

Results
The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with a root mean square error (RMSE) between model predictions and ground truth of 0.0964, while the average RMSE between individual doctor's recommendations and ground truth was 0.1940. For dichotomous classification, the AUROC and Cohen's kappa were 0.9266 and 0.6298, while the corresponding average metrics based on individual doctor's recommendations were 0.8412 and 0.5659, respectively.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that AI can be used to automate the evaluation of surgical candidacy for LSS with performance comparable to a multidisciplinary panel of physicians.
Krebskranke Eltern mit minderjährigen Kindern
Authors: Petermann-Meyer Andrea , Dohmen Marc , Ernstmann Nicole , Holsteg Steffen , Icks Andrea , Karger Andre , Panse Jens , Bremen Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Pro Jahr erfahren 37.000 Eltern mit minderjährigen Kindern, dass sie an Krebs erkrankt sind. Die Situation führt bei allen Familienmitgliedern zu erheblichen Belastungen und einer erhöhten Rate an psychischen Folgeerkrankungen. Betroffene Familien werden nicht adäquat wahrgenommen, bestehende Unterstützungsangebote treffen nicht ausreichend den spezifischen Bedarf und werden selten in Anspruch genommen.

Fragestellung
Was sind spezifische Belastungs- und Schutzfaktoren für Familien mit krebskrankem Elternteil? Welche Versorgungsangebote existieren aktuell und was sind Kriterien für bedarfsorientierte Interventionen, die in die Regelversorgung implementiert werden können?

Methode
Zusammenfassung aktueller Kenntnisstand (selektive Literaturrecherche), Entwicklung neue Versorgungsform „Familien-SCOUT“, Erfahrungen und erste Ergebnisse Wirsamkeitsstudie.

Ergebnisse
Passgenaue Interventionen sollten aufsuchend, familienzentriert, sektoren- und phasenübergreifend sein. Die Bereiche Organisation des Alltags, Förderung einer offenen krankheitsbezogenen Kommunikation und Unterstützung der emotionalen Krankheitsbewältigung müssen adressiert werden. Die erfolgreiche Implementierung einer solchen Intervention konnte nachgewiesen werden. Grundlage für die Übernahme in die Regelversorgung sind vertragliche Regelungen mit gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Zur Prävention gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigungen gehört bei krebskranken Eltern minderjähriger Kinder die Unterstützung aller Familienmitglieder bei der Krankheitsbewältigung. Onkologisch Tätige sollten die betroffenen Eltern identifizieren, sie zu offener Kommunikation in der Familie ermutigen und den entsprechenden regionalen Versorgungsangeboten zuführen. Diese sollten Teil der Regelversorgung werden.
Incomplete denitrification phenotypes in diverse Thermus species from diverse geothermal spring sediments and adjacent soils in southwest China
Authors: Mefferd Chrisabelle C. , Zhou Enmin , Seymour Cale O. , Bernardo Noel A. , Srivastava Shreya , Bengtson Amanda J. , Jiao Jian-Yu , Dong Hailiang , Li Wen-Jun , Hedlund Brian P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA few members of the bacterial genus Thermus have been shown to be incomplete denitrifiers, terminating with nitrite (NO2−) or nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the denitrification abilities of the genus as a whole remain poorly characterized. Here, we describe diverse denitrification phenotypes and genotypes of a collection of 24 strains representing ten species, all isolated from a variety of geothermal systems in China. Confirmed terminal products of nitrate reduction were nitrite or N2O, while nitric oxide (NO) was inferred as the terminal product in some strains. Most strains produced N2O; complete denitrification was not observed. Denitrification phenotypes were largely consistent with the presence of denitrification genes, and strains of the same species often had the same denitrification phenotypes and largely syntenous denitrification gene clusters. Genes for nirS and nirK coexisted in three Thermus brockianus and three Thermus oshimai genomes, which is a unique hallmark of some denitrifying Thermus strains and may be ecologically important. These results show that incomplete denitrification phenotypes are prominent, but variable, within and between Thermus species. The incomplete denitrification phenotypes described here suggest Thermus species may play important roles in consortial denitrification in high-temperature terrestrial biotopes where sufficient supply of oxidized inorganic nitrogen exists.
InSAR-based mapping of ground deformation caused by industrial waste disposals: the case study of the Huelva phosphogypsum stack, SW Spain
Authors: González Felipe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClose to the city of Huelva, SW Spain, and near the Atlantic Ocean, there is a phosphogypsum (PG) stack that accumulates 100 Mt of wastes and extends over 1000 ha. The stack lies directly over estuarine unconsolidated sediments with no protective layer in between. Here, we evaluate for the first time the structural stability of the PG stack, monitoring the deformation suffered by the salt-marsh basement. Through the web-based Geohazard Exploitation Platform (GEP) of the European Space Agency (ESA), a specific differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) algorithm known as Parallel Small Baseline Subset (P-SBAS) has been used to process 279 ESA Sentinel-1 images acquired between October 2016 and June 2021. Resulting displacement maps and time-series curves reveal vertical displacements of up to 16 cm/year. This vertical motion has been associated to subsidence. In parallel with subsidence, horizontal movements > 2.5 cm/year have been also accounted and linked to talus destabilization. The analysis also demonstrates that the Huelva PG stack is vulnerable to adverse weather condition. The present study demonstrates that the InSAR-based methods are effective tools for monitoring the stability and ground motion of large waste stockpiles.
Longitudinal Analysis of Mental Health in Autistic University Students Across an Academic Year
Authors: Scott Matthew , Leppanen Jenni , Allen Melissa , Jarrold Chris , Sedgewick Felicity 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Autistic people have worse mental health (MH) than non-autistic people. This proof-of-concept study explored feasibility of longitudinal research with autistic university students, focusing on their MH and coping styles across an academic year.

Methods
Twenty-two students took part at all timepoints. They completed four rounds of online MH questionnaires.

Results
Over 80% of students were retained. They started the year with high levels of all MH issues, which remained stable across the year. Network Change analysis showed the connections between MH and coping style changed over time.

Conclusions
Autistic students are engaged participants who are likely to take part in longitudinal research. While MH levels were stable, it may be that coping styles are a useful target for intervention.