bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of simulated patients for formative assessment of moral competence in medical students
Authors: Saber Mahboobeh , Ebrahimi Sedighe , Farzane Neda , Shakeri Aliakbar 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
During the course of their education, medical students must attain moral competence. The current study aims at designing a formative structured examination that would create the opportunity for learners to practice and interact with simulated patients under expert supervision.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This article reports an experience in developing and implementation of a formative assessment of moral competence and the point of view of medical students. In this study, the formative structured examination of medical ethics for 80 medical students in 2 rounds with eight stations was designed. In each station, a scenario was proposed, and the opportunity was provided to the learners to interact with a simulated patient under the supervision of a medical ethics expert. Then, the learners would receive structured feedback in accordance with their performance. All learners expressed their experience in reflective writing, and their opinions were put under content analysis.

RESULTS:
The content analysis of this reflective writing revealed three main categories, namely “Deeper understanding of ethical subjects,” “Collaborative thinking and synergy with peers,” and “Effective feedback of supervisors.”

CONCLUSION:
Within the framework of a formative structured examination of medical ethics, a safe space was created for interacting with simulated patients and practicing ethical reasoning, as well as dimensions of moral competence.
Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khobragade Sujata Yadneshwar , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Khobragade Yadneshwar Sudam , Abas Adinegara Lutfi bin 
Published: November 2022

CONTEXT:
Virtual learning is not without challenges. It can cause stress, lack of motivation, and social isolation. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, our college shifted from face-to-face to virtual teaching–learning style. the aim was to find out the barriers in virtual learning among medical students and provide solutions to overcome them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 3rd- and 4th-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students in 2020. Prevalidated electronic survey forms on institutional barrier, technical barrier, and individual barrier were sent to students, 160 students responded. SPSS version 12 was used to calculate descriptive statistics and independent t-test.

RESULTS:
The students had the highest mean score in individual barrier (mean: 2.82 [standard deviation (SD): 0.72]) followed by institutional barrier (mean: 2.79 [SD: 0.74]) and technological barrier (mean: 2.72 [SD: 0.75]). Regarding technological barriers, 38.6% of the students agreed difficulty in procurement of the laptop and 66.4% faced slow Internet connection. Regarding institutional barriers, 75.9% were stressed to join one lecture to another lecture as the lectures were continuous, 69.6% had limited opportunity to interact with lecturers, and 62.7% had poor communication between lecturers and students. Regarding individual barriers, 74.1% of the students were not motivated for online learning, 71.5% of the students could not learn as well as they were in the classroom, and 58.2% disagreed taking online courses in future.

CONCLUSION:
Low motivation, communication, Internet connectivity, and technical problems were the main barriers. Smaller size class, highly motivated and well-trained lecturers, and interactive lectures may help in breaking the barriers of virtual learning.
Health literacy and its dimensions in elderly people in Farsan city, Iran
Authors: Mahmoodi Reza , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Rahimi Majid 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Health literacy is an important variable in the promotion and improvement of the health of all social groups, especially the elderly people. It indicates cognitive and social skills that specify the individuals’ motivation and ability to access and perceive information using methods for health retention and improvement. The present research aimed to study health literacy and its relevant dimensions in a population over 60 years of age in Farsan city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study on 384 older people in Farsan city was conducted, using a standard health literacy questionnaire including 33 items and 5 dimensions on a 5-point Likert scale for collecting data. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistics, using the multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS:
Among the dimensions, the highest and lowest scores belonged to decision-making and reading skill dimensions, respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that among the demographical variables, education level, age, sex, and job were the best predictors of total scores of health literacy (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The health-related institutions should make effort to improve the elderly people's health literacy based on general literacy, using suitable methods with less need to read and paying attention to personal characteristics.
Investigation of correlation between Internet addiction and parent–child relationship in girls’ adolescence in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ahmadian Mahboobeh , Namnabati Mahboobeh , Joonbakhsh Fatemeh 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Today, the increasing process with the using internet is a kind of disease among adolescents, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic. The activities such as learning–educational process and online games will become one of the problems for families. This study aimed to determine the relationship between internet addiction and parent–child relationships in high school girls in Isfahan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in girls' high school in Isfahan, Iran. One hundred and sixty students and one of their parents had participated through cluster sampling method. They filled out the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire and the Fine et al.'s Child-Parent Questionnaire (PCRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and Pearson correlation test. The significance level of the data was considered 0.05.

RESULTS:
The mean score (standard deviation) of internet addiction was 52.15 (5.67). 62.5% of the participants were not addicted to the use of the nternet. The mean score of the parent–child relationship was 118.24 (85.35). The results of the Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant negative correlation between parent–child relationships and Internet addiction in adolescent girls (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, in the girl high school students who have a stronger parent–child relationship, the rate of Internet dependence is lower. Due to the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of Internet addiction and the parent–child relationship, the present study can help nurses, teachers, and educational planners to provide a suitable information for appropriate intervention.
Investigating the effect of teach-back method on improving the lifestyle of health ambassadors in Urmia
Authors: Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Movahed Ehsan , Zareipour Moradali , Amirzehni Jalileh , Samieizadehtoosi Tayebeh , Ghorbani Fatemeh , Haghi Fahimeh 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is necessary to maintain and promote health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teach-back method on improving the lifestyle of health ambassadors in Urmia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this quasi-experimental study, 200 health ambassadors were participated. The research sample was obtained using simple random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and lifestyle standard. The educational intervention was performed in 4 sessions of 45 min based on the teach-back method. Data were collected through a lifestyle questionnaire before and 3 months after the educational intervention. Then, the data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test through SPSS 19.

RESULTS:
The results showed that 24% of the control group and 21% of the intervention group had a good lifestyle before the educational intervention. After the educational intervention 27% of the control group and 54% of the intervention group were in good lifestyle. The results also showed that the mean score of total lifestyle and all its dimensions in the intervention group increased compared to the control group after the educational intervention and the difference between the mean score of total lifestyle and all its dimensions in the intervention group after the intervention was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among health ambassadors, teach-back communication is more effective in improving the lifestyle. Therefore, it is suggested that this method must be used in designing training programs for health ambassadors.
Teacher-led versus student-led seminar blended with portfolio for “assessment of learning”
Authors: Jagzape Arunita , Jagzape Tushar Bharat 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Increase in competitive demands has led to the promotion of seminar presentation by the students to increase active learning and for the assessment of learning. Portfolios are an important tool for assessment for learning. The objectives of the study were to compare the gain in knowledge among the conventional and the blended seminar groups (intervention group), analyze the working portfolios to assess for learning, and to gather the perception of students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was an interventional study (2016) with convenience sampling that included 27 students each in the conventional and interventional groups. It was conducted in a medical college in central India. The conventional group was teacher led and the blended seminar group was student led with interaction with the students regarding the contents of the portfolio. Student's unpaired and paired t tests were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Class average normalized gain (g) was used as a measure of effectiveness of the intervention. Quantitative questions were analyzed using percentages and qualitative data using categorization.

RESULTS:
Significant difference was found between the conventional and intervention groups (P < 0.05) with gain “g” being 0.52 for the intervention group. On evaluation of the feedback, students commented regarding its interactive nature and progress during the learning process. The reflections were coded as text as the unit of coding and student as the unit of coding. It was also found that the students who were critical reflectors were the ones who scored > 50% in the posttest scores.

CONCLUSION:
The present study showed that seminar when blended with portfolio yielded positive results in the process of learning, and hence was effective in assessment for learning.
Participation’ goals of Community- based organizations in the COVID-19 pandemic based on capacity gaps
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Keyvanara Mahmoud , Yarmohammadian Mohammad H 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
There have been criticisms that local authorities develop disaster planning independently, which led to less sensitiveness and responsibility of community-based organizations (CBOs). Disasters planning should incorporate into CBOs’ management processes. This study aims to set goals of a community-based plan based on preparedness capacities that CBOs need to have in the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study used a prevalidated and reliable questionnaire assessing (CBOs). The tool assesses preparedness in the field of planning, training, and infrastructure. Forty CBOs met the inclusion criteria as assisting or cooperating agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, key informants, who simultaneously have been working in the health system and CBOs, prioritized low-scale items that have shown capacity gaps according to effects on the vulnerable group, sustainability, and capability of the health system. Descriptive statistics performed using SPSS18 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).

RESULTS:
The results showed that the preparedness of CBOs was weak in the field of planning, training, and infrastructure. Besides, overlaps of CBOs' resources and covering the clients' medical needs in the COVID-19 pandemic were the most priority that needs to be intervened.

CONCLUSION:
Providing medical needs by CBOs require legal legitimacy assigned by health authority, especially in epidemic-prone diseases. In addition, assigning a coordinator to set a priority list and mutual agreements authoried by health departments can solve the problem of overlapped resources. Therefore, functional roles of CBOs in the pandemic should focus mostly on resource allocation and the medical needs of clients to set goals and functional objectives.
Comparison of the effect of face-to-face training and telemedicine on self-care in adolescent pregnant women
Authors: Khayat Samira , Palizvan Maryam , Navidian Ali , Fanaei Hamed , Sheikhi Zahra Pahlavani 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Improving self-care in adolescent pregnancy leads to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy. However, self-care in adolescent pregnancy is less than other women. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of face-to-face training and telemedicine on self-care in adolescent pregnant women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in Zahedan in 2021 and 120 adolescent pregnant women with a gestational age of 15–20 weeks participated in it. The sampling was done in multistage, and the samples were divided into three groups: Face-to-face training, telemedicine, and control. Face-to-face training was presented in five sessions and the telemedicine group received the similar educational content through the mobile applications. The samples completed a researcher-made self-care questionnaire before the intervention and at 28 weeks of gestation. SPSS software version 21 was used for the analysis, and data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey post hoc, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests.

RESULTS:
There was no significant difference in face-to-face and telemedicine training in improving the scores of nutritional performance, smoking and narcotics use, personal hygiene, and routine pregnancy care (P > 0.05), but face-to-face training caused more improvement in the scores of sports and physical activity as compared to telemedicine group (P = 0.04). Face-to-face training and telemedicine training in all domains led to a significant improvement in scores as compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study showed that the face-to-face training and telemedicine methods were proper methods for self-care education in pregnant adolescent women. It is recommended to use these methods in promoting self-care in pregnant adolescent women.
Effect of a community-based multicomponent intervention on cervical cancer behavior among women – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: George T Jisa , Batra Kiran 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developing countries. More than one-fifth of newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases are occurring in India. Cervical cancer is a highly preventable and curable cancer compared with other types of cancer, if detected at an early stage. The present study has been carried out to assess whether a community-based, multicomponent, nurse-led intervention program improves cervical cancer screening behavior of women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An experimental randomized controlled trial was carried out by recruiting 419 women in the age group of 30–60 years (246 in the experimental group and 173 in the control group) residing in a selected rural community (selected tribal settlements) of Idukki district of Kerala, India, using multistage cluster sampling. The intervention comprising small group education followed by reinforcement session, telephonic reminders, navigation and guidance for Pap smear, and follow-up visit by the investigator was administered to the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Knowledge, attitude, and screening behavior of women related to prevention of cervical cancer were assessed before and twice after the intervention.

RESULTS:
The experimental and control groups were homogenous in all baseline sociodemographic variables. The community-based intervention program was effective in improving knowledge (P < 0.001), attitude (P < 0.001), and screening behavior (P < 0.001) of women regarding the prevention of cervical cancer. A significant moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge and screening behavior (r = 0.408). Significant association was found between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding prevention of cervical cancer with education, age at the time of marriage, and number of pregnancies.

CONCLUSION:
The community-based, multicomponent, nurse-led intervention program was effective in improving cervical cancer screening behavior among women. Repeated motivation and reinforcement are needed to bring behavioral change and to increase uptake of screening services among rural women.
A comparison of physiotherapy students’ perception about blended learning with online learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Swaminathan Narasimman , Ravichandran Latha , Ramachandran Sivakumar , Milanese Steve 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected face-to-face teaching across the globe. The sudden shift in learning methods has impacted learning experiences significantly. Students' perception about online compared to blended learning might affect learning. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiotherapy students' perception of blended compared to online learning.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This mixed-method study documents physiotherapy students' perception about the courses delivered through blended learning (BL) mode during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physiotherapy graduates and postgraduate students who completed their evidence-based physiotherapy practice courses at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai (N = 68) participated in this study. The participants' perceived experience about synchronous online mode and BL during the pandemic was assessed using a questionnaire and focus group discussion.

RESULTS:
All the participants felt that the course outcomes were met and that they gained knowledge and skills in evidence-based practice. Most of the students (93%) recommended a blended mode of learning compared to online learning alone. Thematic analysis of the focus group discussion (FGD) identified enhanced learning experience, collaborative learning as enablers to BL, and availability of gadgets and quality of online contents as barriers.

CONCLUSION:
Participants showed par preference for blended learning over online learning as it provided flexibility and facilitated active learning compared to online learning alone.
Establishing a minimum data set for Parkinson's (PMDS) in Iran
Authors: Chitsaz Ahmad , Ajami Sima , Varnaseri Maryam 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
The minimum data set (MDS) is one of the important steps in the development of health care information systems. According to the Ministry of Health in Iran, a central and national registry along with Parkinson's MDS (PMDS) has not yet existed. So, this research was conducted to establish a PMDS in Iran.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This study was a descriptive–comparative method, which was done in 2019–2021 in four phases: (1) determining data elements related to Parkinson's disease in Iran and selected countries; (2) extracting and categorizing the data elements; (3) making a PMDS draft; (4) evaluating a draft by Delphi technique. The research population was the MDS in Australia, Canada, the United States of America, and Iran. After extracting the data elements of Parkinson's disease from various resources, the primary draft PMDS was developed. Then, the research group divided it into two categories (administrative and clinical). After that, it was sent to 50 healthcare professionals for validation by the Delphi method.

RESULTS:
Following the results of the two rounds of Delphi technique, Finally, PMDS was established including a total of 223 data elements in two categories: administrative and clinical with 72 and 151, respectively. Every category included 10 and 14 subcategories.

CONCLUSION:
The first and the most important step for standardization of data collection nationally is creating MDS. Due to the necessity of the existence of PMDS, a complete list of PMDS was established for collecting data on Parkinson's patients.
Digital technology for facilitating inquiry-based learning during the COVID pandemic for human anatomy course
Authors: Vedi Neeraj , Dulloo Puja , Singh Praveen 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Linking anatomy with the clinical approach for creating an inquisitive mind for a millennium via the digital platform is the need of the hour. Traditional lecturing makes students have rote memorization of the human anatomy. The inquiry-based project will allow undergraduate medical students to have a deeper understanding of human anatomy along with team building and interpersonal skill development. This approach of teaching would allow students to link the content taught for human anatomy with its clinical applicability and probably generate inquisitiveness for further exploring the course content. The study aimed to appraise and assess the perception of medical students and faculty about the inquiry-based digitalized project presentation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for inquiry-based project presentation where students were divided into 15 groups with 15 inquiries, which were presented as projects on a digital platform under the guidance of the facilitator. The perception of students and faculty for the inquiry-based approach was collected using a validated survey questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS-version 15, using descriptive statistics, Friedman's rank, and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

RESULT:
In total, 117 students participated in the pre-test and 129 in the post-test part of the study. Also, 79.1% of students appreciated that the inquiry-based project presentation approach allowed them to link anatomy with different courses; 73.6% agreed that this approach has a positive impact on their attitude toward learning anatomy. Then, 75.2% students appreciated of learning new skills using the digital platform. They agreed to have developed leadership (65.1%) and team-building skills (83.7%) and self-directed learning (SDL) improvement (71.3%). However, some students (9.3%) and faculty (16.7%) had been ostracized for presenting their inquiry-based projects on a digital platform, whereas 65.1% of students appreciated this approach.

CONCLUSION:
Inquiry-based learning approach would allow students to have a deeper understanding of the subject knowledge and skills for the SDL and learn strategies for the usage of virtual technology for literature search.