bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of DBM, 1988:
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , Eigenbrode S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three sequential plantings of cabbage were made for 3 separate tests at the Robbins Entomology Farm near Geneva, N.Y. In each, test plots consisted of two 15-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom, with 3 flat fan nozzles/row and 8004 tips, delivering 31 gal/acre at 50 psi and 2.5 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. To ensure an adequate population of DBM, plants were infested with 100 (Test 1) or 200 (Tests 2 and 3) eggs from our 1987 collected culture, which had been reared on artificial diet during 1988. In Test 1 plants were inoculated with the eggs on 8 Aug; treatments were applied on 17 Aug and evaluated on 19 Aug. In Test 2, plants were inoculated on 24 Aug, sprayed on 30 Aug, and evaluated on 1 Sep. In the Test 3 the plants were inoculated on 7 Sep, treated on 15 Sep, and evaluated on 19 Sep. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting 2 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the larvae.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Fall Cabbage, 1988:
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage transplants were planted on 29 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, Va. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft-long rows bordered on each side by an untreated row. Cabbage was transplanted with 17-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed-gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 70 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 23 and 29 Sep and 7 and 14 Oct. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of ICW, CL, and DBM larvae on 5 randomly chosen plants/treatment. On 27 Oct, damage ratings were determined as in Greene et al. (J. Econ. Entomol., 62(4): 798-800, 1970). Plants with a damage rating of 3 or below were considered marketable.
Insect Control in Cantaloupe, 1987:
Authors: Rover Tom A. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight treatments were assigned to plots of cantaloupe measuring one row (80-inch centers) by 40 ft, and planted 6 May at the Texas Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, Tex. The postplanting treatment of Furadan 15 G was applied on 6 May in a 7-inch band with an electric-powered Gandy applicator mounted on the tool bar of a tractor and incorporated. Plots were then furrow irrigated. Foliar sprays were applied through a tractor-mounted boom calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre (3 mph, 2 TX6 hollow-cone nozzles/plot, 60 psi). Foliar applications of Trigard and Abamectin and Monitor were applied on 18 and 28 May and 17 Jim to evaluate leafminer control. An additional application of Monitor was applied on 1 Jul to evaluate aphid control. Foliar applications of RH 7988 were applied on 17 and 24 Jim and 1 Jul to evaluate aphid control. Furadan 4 F was applied as a sidedress application on 28 May to evaluate leafminer and aphid control. Leafminer control was evaluated by counting the number of mines and the number of active mines on 5 leaves/plot. Aphid control was evaluated by counting the number of aphids on 5 leaves/plot. Yield was evaluated by harvesting mature fruit. Data were subjected to ANOVA.
Chemical Trials and Effects on Arthropods, 1987:
Authors: Carson W. G. , Nakakihara H. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 4 Aug at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station. The plants were sprinkler irrigated for 3 wk and drip irrigated (water pH 7.2-7.5) thereafter. Experimental plots were 3 beds wide (2 rows/bed on 40-inch centers) by 50 ft and separated by a 5-ft buffer with 4 replicates of each treatment in a randomized complete block design. Application dates were 15, 22, and 29 Sep; 6, 16, 22, and 29 Oct; and 9 Nov. One Abamectin treatment was applied biweekly for 4 applications beginning 15 Sep. All chemicals were applied by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer operated at 100 psi. As plant height and foliage density increased, nozzles were varied from 1 to 3/row and the carrier (water) was increased from 50 gal/acre (15, 22, and 29 Sep) to 100 gal/acre (6 Oct). Disk-type cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #23 or #25 cores, and 50-mesh screens. All treatments except Abamectin received spreader-sticker. An antifoaming agent (No-Foam) was used with all treatments. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 5½- by 11-inch trays/replicate when the plants reached a suitable height. Sampling dates were 14, 21, and 28 Sep; 5, 21, and 28 Oct; and 4 and 5 Nov. The number of dead adult parasites of Liriotnyza spp. were recorded in the same manner and on the same dates listed for pupal counts. Evaluation of Lepidoptera populations was based on number of damaged plants found in 25 plants/replicate (100/treatment) from the center 2 rows of each replicate at harvest (20 Nov). Beet armyworm and black cutworm damage were recorded separately.
Collard Pest Control, 1988:
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Koch Timothy A. , Vaughn Ty T. , Hassel Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were direct seeded at Wiers Farms, Celeryville, Ohio, on 18 May. Plots were 3 rows wide on 16-inch centers, 18 ft long, and separated by 4-ft alleys. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied on 5 Aug with a boom sprayer delivering 50 psi and 50 gal/acre. On 10 Aug, DBM and GPA larvae were counted on 6 plants in each plot by visual inspection of each plant.
Control on Collards, 1987:
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Georgia LS’ collards were transplanted 29 Apr near Benson, N.C. Single-row plots, 10 ft long on 60-inch centers, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Black plastic mulch and trickle irrigation were used in all plots. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow-cone nozzle (18X). Application rate was 54 gal/acre delivered at 60 psi. Plyac spreader-sticker was used with all treatments. Applications were made 30 May, 8, 15, 22, and 29 Jun; and 6 and 1.3 Jul. Foliar damage ratings were made 19 and 26 Jun and 2, 10, and 20 Jul.
Foliar Sprays to Control Pests of Sweet Corn, 1988:
Authors: Linduska James J. , Harrison Thomas S. , Patton Terrance W. , Embrey Michael , Bean Richard , Dively Galen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row 50-ft-long plots on 2 Jun. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gal water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk 26 Jul and again on 30 Jul. Plots were harvested 9 Aug and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One hundred ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Spotted Cutworm Control, 1988:
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Captan-treated sweet corn seed was planted in the field 1 Jul at the rate of approximately 150 seeds/row with a V-belt seeder. All granular treatments were applied, based on a 36-inch row width, at planting. The foliar treatment was applied 27 Jul with a Smith Professional Sprayer (3-gal capacity) using a fan-type nozzle, 100 gal of water/acre, when the plants were approximately 10 inches high. Rows were 20 ft long, and each treatment consisted of 2 rows planted on 9-inch centers. Each treatment was separated by 5 ft of bare ground. There were 4 replications within the treatment rows. Plexiglas cages (14 X 20 X 12 inches high) were placed over the rows and the number of plants within each cage was recorded. Twenty-five second- and third-instars were placed in the cages for each replication on 27 Jul. Control data are based on readings made 28 and 29 Jul (24 and 48 h after larvae were placed in the cage).
Insecticide Trials on Cucumber, 1987:
Authors: Schreiner Ilse 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cucumbers were planted 26 Aug. The plants were grown on trellises in rows 5 ft apart. Black plastic mulch was laid on all rows. The design of the experiment was a split-plot. To determine whether A. similis could be controlled with insecticides applied in the soil, granular Diazinon was applied to half the rows; the other half were untreated. The soil type was a Guam clay, a shallow clay soil over limestone. The soil temperature was 29°C. Each row was then split into four foliar insecticide treatments. Foliar insecticides were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer, and approximately 150 gal water was sprayed per acre. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Foliar treatments were applied weekly, beginning 16 Sep. A. similis were counted by walking along the rows and counting all adults visible on the foliage. D. indica numbers were estimated by counting the number of caterpillars per leaf on each of 10 mature leaves/subplot. Thrips and aphids were counted by picking 10 mature leaves per subplot and bringing them in bags to the laboratory where they could be counted under a binocular microscope.
Control on Eggplant, 1988:
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Classic’ eggplant transplants were planted in 25-ft rows on 2 Jun with a 2-row Holland transplanter. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 24 inches. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk A loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 30 Jun; 8, 13, 22, and 27 Jul; and 4, 11, 18, and 25 Aug. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of CPB adults and larvae/5 plants and the percentage of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 8, 16, 21, 23, and 30 Aug and 6 Sep from 5 plants.
Control on Mustard Greens, 1988:
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Koch Timothy A. , Vaughn Ty T. , Hassel Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mustard was direct seeded at Wiers Farms, Celeryville, Ohio, on 18 May. Plots were 3 rows wide on 16-inch centers, 18 ft long, and separated by 4-ft alleys. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 22 Jul with a boom sprayer delivering 50 psi and 50 gal/acre. Weather immediately following treatments was hot. On 25 and 28 Jul, flea beetles were collected from the entire center row of each mustard plot with a D-Vac insect net.
Control on Onion Transplants, 1987:
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplanted onions in a single row planted 27 May were used in the study. Plots were located at the Colorado State University Department of Horticulture Field Research Station north of Fort Collins. Experimental design involved 15-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Applications were made 25 Jul and 14 Aug using a CO2, compressed-air sprayer delivering 35 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated 5 DAT by counting all thrips in the interior leases of 6 plants/plot.
Onion Thrips Control, 1988:
Authors: Henry P. , Grafius E. , Bishop B. , Roragen K. , Maier R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were direct seeded on 4 May at the Michigan State University Muck Soils Research Farm, Bath, Mich. Plots were 3 rows wide, 45.7 cm between rows, and 7.62 m long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Three border rows were left unsprayed between eaeh plot. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2, sprayer, 3-nozzle boom, 1/row (D-1 orifice disk, 45 core, slotted strainer, hollow-cone nozzle, Teejet), at 2.81 kg/cm2 and 374 1/ha. Treatment application dates were 15, 22, and 27 Jul and 5, 11, and 23 Aug ’88. On 12 Jul, 16 randomly selected plots were sampled prior to treatment. A random sample of plants (20/plot) was pulled from the center row of each plot and the leaf bases of pulled plants were rinsed with 70% ethanol. The rinsate (with thrips) was collected in a cup and returned to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were filtered through a Buchner funnel onto filter paper and the adult and immature thrips were counted under a binocular microscope (10 X). All plots were sampled (20 plants/plot) on 18 Jul, 26 Jul, and 3 Aug. On 14 Sep, one 4.57-m section of an outside row was harvested from each plot. The total weight and number of onions/sample were recorded.
Control in Potatoes, 1988:
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ white potatoes were planted on 4 Apr in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots consisted of 3 rows of, potatoes, each row 25 ft long and 3 ft wide, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 over the center of each row calibrated to deliver 50 gal/acre at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 8 and 17 Jun. Percentage of plant defoliation was recorded on 23 Jun, 3 Jul, and 1 Aug. The number of CPB larvae/5 hills was recorded on 31 Jul. Plots were harvested and yields (cwt/acre) were recorded on 10 Aug.
Control on Potato, 1988:
Authors: Slocombe A. C. , Ferro D. N. , Tuttle A. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 9 May in South Deerfield, Mass. Soil type was a fine sandy loam, pH 5.6. CPB pressure was heavy because potatoes were grown adjacent to overwintering sites. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft rows with a 6-ft fallow area separating each plot. Treatments were applied with CO2-pressurized sprayers at 40 psi delivering 70 gal/acre. Applications were made on 20 and 28 Jun, 5 and 18 Jul, and 3 Aug. Monitor 4 LC was applied to all treatments on 20 Jul at MRFR to control aphids and leafhoppers. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on 5-10 whole stalks in each plot. To adequately evaluate microbial insecticides, larvae were counted and recorded as early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth). The performance of microbial materials was evaluated primarily by comparing late-instar counts because it took 4-5 d for dead larvae to drop from the plants. On 22 Jul, each plot was rated for defoliation on a scale of 0-100%.
Control in Snow Peas, 1987:
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located at the Colorado State University Department of Horticulture Field Research Station north of Ft, Collins, ‘Mammoth Melting Sugar’ snow peas were planted in a single row that was divided into 20 row-ft plots. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Applications of insecticide were made 1 and 9 Sep using a CO2 compressed-air sprayer delivering 51 gal/acre. Evaluations of treatment effects were made 7 Sep and 11 Sep by examining 25 blossoms/plot for thrips.
Control on Summer Squash, 1988:
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Fargo W. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Straight-neck ‘Hyrific’ summer squash was direct seeded 6 Aug at the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Perkins. Plots consisted of a single row of 5 plants seeded at 3-ft intervals. Rows were separated by 5-ft alleys. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates. Foliar sprays were applied on 24 Aug with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer mounted with 3 TX-18 nozzles/row, calibrated to deliver 78 gal/acre at 50 psi. Efficacy was evaluated at 1, 4, and 7 DAT by counting SB nymphs on 3 randomly selected plants/plot. Data were subjected to ANOVA.
Control in Sweet Potatoes, 1987:
Authors: Funderburk J. E. , Olson S. M. , Brown A. L. , Snell J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in Gadsden County, Fla., on Ruston fine loamy sand. Preplanting incorporated insecticide treatments were applied on 7 May using a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 8003 nozzles. Pressure was 25 psi and the amount of spray,was 25 gal/acre. Sweet potato slips were planted 12 inches apart on 36-inch rows on 14 May. Granular insecticide treatments were applied during sweet potato root swell on 22 Jul in a 12- to 15-inch band over the row with a push-type Gandy applicator. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Plot size was 6 rows by 40 ft. Rainfall was below normal in May and June, with 1.40 and 1.71 inches recorded, respectively. Rainfall was normal or above normal for July, August, September, and October, with 7.19, 12.85, 2.15, and 2.80 inches recorded, respectively. Plots were located under a center pivot, overhead-sprinkler system and were irrigated with 0.50-1.0 inches of irrigation on several dates. Plots were irrigated with 0.50 inches immediately after treatments on 22 Jul were applied. The entire length of 1 of the 2 center rows was harvested in each plot in late October, and marketable yield (U.S. No. 1) determined. The amount of WW and SFB damage was estimated for each plot by counting injury on 15 randomly selected potatoes from the marketable yield. For these ratings, the number of potatoes with SFB larval tunneling and WW feeding holes and the total number of SFB tunnels and WW feeding holes were quantified. Treatment effects of yield and insect injury were compared at the 5% level using ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Early-Season Insects on Tomatoes, 1987
Authors: Cheng H. H. , Hanlon J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings were transplanted on 28 May. Orthene 75 SP was applied as a transplant-water treatment at the rates of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 lb (AI)/acre, using 4.5 oz water/plant. Plots were 23 by 7 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 2 rows of tomatoes with 23 plants in each row. Effectiveness of the treatments for DCW control was evaluated by counting the number of damaged plants in each plot 2-wk after transplanting. Toxicity and residual activity of Orthene against sixth- to seventh-instar DCW were tested by collecting random leaf samples from each plot beginning 1 d after transplanting and then weekly for 3 wk. Samples were taken to the laboratory and equal amounts of leaves were placed in 4-inch Petri dishes containing insecticide-free sand and 10 larvae. Mortality was assessed daily for 4 d by counting the number of dead larvae in each dish. Abbott's formula was used to correct for the mortality occurring in the untreated control. For evaluation of PFB control, 20 leaves were collected at random from each plot 3 wk after transplanting, and the number of feeding holes on each leaf was counted. To assess for GPA control, 20 leaves were collected at random from each plot 3 and 6 wk after transplanting, and the number of living GPA on each leaf was counted under a magnifier in the laboratory. The mortality percentages of the cutworms were transformed to angular units. The logarithmic transformation was used for the aphid counts. The number of PFB feeding holes on the leaves and DCW-damaged plants in each plot was transformed to x + 0.5 before ANOVA. Mean values were converted to original units for presentation in the table.
Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1988
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set on 15 Jun, at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, N.C. Plants were set 2 ft apart within rows, and rows were on 5-ft centers. Single-row plots (10 plants) were separated by an untreated row, and treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on 25 Jul; 4, 14, and 24 Aug; and 3, 13, and 23 Sep with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 60 psi and delivering 50-125 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew) through 3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 12 inches apart on the spray wand. Material was applied to both sides of rows so that each row was effectively treated with 6 nozzles/row. Mature fruit were harvested weekly from 18 Aug to 29 Sep, and the total number of fruit harvested and damaged by tomato fruitworm was recorded.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1988
Authors: Chen Chien-Chung , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An insecticide efficacy trial was conducted on a 3-yr-old alfalfa stand at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Treatments were 22 by 50 ft and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied 23 May with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 37.5 gal/acre at 120 psi. Insects were sampled at 3, 7, and 14 DAT by taking 40 sweeps/plot with a 38-cm-diam sweep net. All treatments gave better than 76% control at 3 DAT, but the low rate of Lorsban gave only 55% control at 7 DAT. All treatments except Lorsban still gave better than 96% control at 14 DAT. No phytoxicity was observed with any treatment.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1988
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental area was a 1-yr-old stand of‘Cimarron’ alfalfa. The plots were 68 by 68 ft; all treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gal total vol/acre. Treatments were applied 2 Aug with a low-pressure, low-volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 SS8003 Teejet nozzles and operated at 35 psi. PLH population densities were determined at 3, 7, 13, 17, and 20 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net. The standard treatment of Cygon 4 EC was applied at the rate of 0.25 lb (AI)/acre.
Control of Early-Season Pests, 1988
Authors: Rethwisch Michael D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven treatments were applied 22 Feb to 30-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times in a 2-yr-old stand of alfalfa southeast of Yuma, Ariz. Spray treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.7 gal/acre at 30 psi. Control plots received 6.7 gal water/acre at 30 psi, Plots were sampled at 1, 3, and 8 DAT with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net. Ten 180° sweeps/plot were taken.
First-Generation Control, 1987
Authors: Bing James W. , Foster D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested late-whorl-stage, yellow field corn located 12 miles northeast of Maquoketa, Jackson County, Iowa, was aerially treated 13 Jun. Ten treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plots measured 24 rows by approximately 250 yards. Weather conditions were clear with temperatures ranging from 68 to 90°F. The wind was light to intermittent from the west-southwest. All applications were made between 9:30 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. by flying west on east-west rows. Pretreatment counts made 11 Jun consisted of examining 20 plants from each of 20 randomly selected locations/plot. The number of plants with shot-hole damage was recorded. Four plants from each location were dissected and the number and life stage ECB larvae were recorded. Efficacy was evaluated 3 Jul by removing 30 plants from the 2 center rows of each plot, dissecting them, and recording the number of ECB cavities/plant. Plants were selected by walking into the field 30 paces from the turn rows and then collecting every tenth plant. Efficacy data were subjected to ANOVA. All data were normalized before analysis V(x = 1.0) transformation.