bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pioneer Advantage: Filling the blank spots on the map of genome diversity in Europe
Authors: Oleksyk Taras K , Wolfsberger Walter W , Schubelka Khrystyna , Mangul Serghei , O'Brien Stephen J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Documenting genome diversity is important for the local biomedical communities and instrumental in developing precision and personalized medicine. Currently, tens of thousands of whole-genome sequences from Europe are publicly available, but most of these represent populations of developed countries of Europe. The uneven distribution of the available data is further impaired by the lack of data sharing. Recent whole-genome studies in Eastern Europe, one in Ukraine and one in Russia, demonstrated that local genome diversity and population structure from Eastern Europe historically had not been fully represented. An unexpected wealth of genomic variation uncovered in these studies was not so much a consequence of high variation within their population, but rather due to the “pioneer advantage.” We discovered more variants because we were the first to prospect in the Eastern European genome pool. This simple comparison underscores the importance of removing the remaining geographic genome deserts from the rest of the world map of the human genome diversity.
Policy space and pro-health equity national policymaking: a case study of Myanmar during political transition (2006–16)
Authors: Campbell Fiona , Sein Than Tun , Htoo Thant Sin , Khine Wai Yee Krystal , Howard Natasha , Balabanova Dina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHealth equity is central to achieving sustainable development goals and COVID-19 has emphasized its importance. Ensuring health equity is prominent in policy discussions and decision-making is a critical challenge in all countries. Understanding the policy space for actors to promote health equity in the policy process may help to strengthen prioritization of equity in policy and programme discussions and decisions. Authors developed a conceptual framework for policy space based on a narrative literature review. This comprised five key elements and their associated factors, i.e. context, policy circumstances, policy characteristics, actor engagement and policy spaces. Authors then applied it in Myanmar during a period of political transition, using a qualitative case study design. Findings showed that political transition provided an important ‘policy window’ to develop more equitable health policy in Myanmar. Changing policy circumstances offered opportunities for advancing pro-equity policy. However, lack of visibility of health equity and long-standing inequalities were important challenges to policy space. Within a changing context, actors at individual and organizational levels used a range of policy spaces to advance pro-equity health policy. Learning from using the framework in Myanmar was incorporated into a revised framework. Application of this revised framework could provide valuable insights into the opportunities to promote a pro-health equity approach across policy and programme discussions and decision-making for actors trying to promote equity in other transition and non-transition contexts.
Barriers and facilitators to nationwide implementation of the malaria vaccine in Ghana
Authors: Adeshina Omolola Oyinkan , Nyame Solomon , Milner James , Milojevic Ai , Asante Kwaku Poku 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interventions such as antimalarial drugs, bed nets and insecticides have helped curb the burden of malaria in the past decade, yet malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children below the age of 5 years. In 2019, Ghana, Malawi and Kenya in sub-Saharan Africa (countries with moderate to high transmission areas of malaria and deaths) started piloting the RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine in selected regions. Using qualitative methods, this study examined the main factors (forces) that will influence or hinder the nationwide implementation of the malaria vaccine, if approved, in Ghana. We conducted in-depth interviews with 12 key individuals (national, research/academia and programme implementing partners) in the public health sector in Ghana from October 2018 to February 2019. Results were analysed using Kurt Lewin’s force field analysis to understand how organizations interact with their external environment in the delivery of health policies such as the implementation of the malaria vaccine. We found that the disease burden of malaria deaths in Ghana, the efficacy of the vaccine, stakeholder involvement and evidence for the feasibility of vaccine delivery generated by the consortium of researchers (body of researchers) that can track the implementation were the driving forces to scale up the vaccine into a routine health system. On the other hand, the needed logistics, funding, administration of the four-dose vaccine and follow-up were identified as potential barriers. The most influential force collectively highlighted by the respondents was the disease burden, and the most influential barrier was the logistics of delivering the vaccine. Our findings provide decision makers with key barriers and facilitators to guide policy and decision-making for malaria control in Ghana and other similar settings in low- and middle-income countries.
Methodological reflections on health system-oriented assessment of maternity care in 16 hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa: an embedded case study
Authors: Asefa Anteneh , Dossou Jean-Paul , Hanson Claudia , Hounsou Christelle Boyi , Namazzi Gertrude , Meja Samuel , Mkoka Dickson Ally , Agballa Gottfried , Babirye Josephine , Semaan Aline , Annerstedt Kristi Sidney , Delvaux Thérèse , Marchal Bruno , Van Belle Sara , Pleguezuelo Virginia Castellano , Beňová Lenka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Health facility assessments (HFAs) assessing facilities’ readiness to provide services are well-established. However, HFA questionnaires are typically quantitative and lack depth to understand systems in which health facilities operate—crucial to designing context-oriented interventions. We report lessons from a multiple embedded case study exploring the experiences of HFA data collectors in implementing a novel HFA tool developed using systems thinking approach. We assessed 16 hospitals in four countries (Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda) as part of a quality improvement implementation research. Our tool was organized in 17 sections and included dimensions of hospital governance, leadership and financing; maternity care standards and procedures; ongoing quality improvement practices; interactions with communities and mapping of the areas related to maternal care. Data for this study were collected using in-depth interviews with senior experts who conducted the HFA in the countries 1–3 months after completion of the HFAs. Data were analysed using the inductive thematic analysis approach. Our HFA faced challenges in logistics (accessing key hospital-based respondents, high turnover of managerial staff and difficulty accessing information considered sensitive in the context) and methodology (response bias, lack of data quality and data entry into an electronic platform). Data elements of governance, leadership and financing were the most affected. Opportunities and strategies adopted aimed at enhancing data collection (building on prior partnerships and understanding local and institutional bureaucracies) and enhancing data richness (identifying respondents with institutional memory, learning from experience and conducting observations at various times). Moreover, HFA data collectors conducted abstraction of records and interviews in a flexible and adaptive way to enhance data quality. Lessons and new skills learned from our HFA could be used as inputs to respond to the growing need of integrating the systems thinking approach in HFA to improve the contextual understanding of operations and structure.
Building integrative functional maps of gene regulation
Authors: Xu Jinrui , Pratt Henry E , Moore Jill E , Gerstein Mark B , Weng Zhiping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Every cell in the human body inherits a copy of the same genetic information. The three billion base pairs of DNA in the human genome, and the roughly 50 000 coding and non-coding genes they contain, must thus encode all the complexity of human development and cell and tissue type diversity. Differences in gene regulation, or the modulation of gene expression, enable individual cells to interpret the genome differently to carry out their specific functions. Here we discuss recent and ongoing efforts to build gene regulatory maps, which aim to characterize the regulatory roles of all sequences in a genome. Many researchers and consortia have identified such regulatory elements using functional assays and evolutionary analyses; we discuss the results, strengths and shortcomings of their approaches. We also discuss new techniques the field can leverage and emerging challenges it will face while striving to build gene regulatory maps of ever-increasing resolution and comprehensiveness.
Non-coding RNAs associated with Prader–Willi syndrome regulate transcription of neurodevelopmental genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sledziowska Monika , Winczura Kinga , Jones Matt , Almaghrabi Ruba , Mischo Hannah , Hebenstreit Daniel , Garcia Paloma , Grzechnik Pawel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mutations and aberrant gene expression during cellular differentiation lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), which results from the deletion of an imprinted locus on paternally inherited chromosome 15. We analyzed chromatin-associated RNA in human induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) upon depletion of hybrid small nucleolar long non-coding RNAs (sno-lncRNAs) and 5’ snoRNA capped and polyadenylated long non-coding RNAs (SPA-lncRNAs) transcribed from the locus deleted in PWS. We found that rapid ablation of these lncRNAs affects transcription of specific gene classes. Downregulated genes contribute to neurodevelopment and neuronal maintenance, while upregulated genes are predominantly involved in the negative regulation of cellular metabolism and apoptotic processes. Our data reveal the importance of SPA-lncRNAs and sno-lncRNAs in controlling gene expression in iPSCs and provide a platform for synthetic experimental approaches in PWS studies. We conclude that ncRNAs transcribed from the PWS locus are critical regulators of a transcriptional signature, which is important for neuronal differentiation and development.
Racial Capitalism and Peasant Insurgency in Colonial Myanmar
Authors: Saha Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Hsaya San Rebellion swept through colonial Myanmar between 1930 and 1932. It took eighteen months and over seven thousand Indian Army troops to suppress. Triggered by acute pressures in the agrarian economy that were compounded by a global fall in rice prices, the violence of the revolt cannot be fully explained by this crisis alone. Bands of peasant rebels massacred Indians; not only moneylenders but cattle-herders, who were themselves a precarious and marginal rural community. These massacres are not easy to interpret. Revisiting the insurgency through the growing literature on racial capitalism provides a framework for a understanding peasants’ racialized violence.
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Alcohol Use Disorders: Involving Gut Microbiota
Authors: Hou Xueqin , Rong Cuiping , Zhang Qiwei , Song Shuangshuang , Cong Yifan , Zhang Han-Ting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlcohol abuse is 1 of the most significant public health problems in the world. Chronic, excessive alcohol consumption not only causes alcohol use disorder (AUD) but also changes the gut and lung microbiota, including bacterial and nonbacterial types. Both types of microbiota can release toxins, further damaging the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts; causing inflammation; and impairing the functions of the liver, lung, and brain, which in turn deteriorate AUD. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are critical in the control of intracellular cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Inhibition of certain host PDEs reduces alcohol consumption and attenuates alcohol-related impairment. These PDEs are also expressed in the microbiota and may play a role in controlling microbiota-associated inflammation. Here, we summarize the influences of alcohol on gut/lung bacterial and nonbacterial microbiota as well as on the gut-liver/brain/lung axis. We then discuss the relationship between gut and lung microbiota-mediated PDE signaling and AUD consequences in addition to highlighting PDEs as potential targets for treatment of AUD.
How Characterizations of Refugees Shape Attitudes Toward Refugee Restrictions: A Study of Christian and Muslim Americans
Authors: Skinner Isabel Williams 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Discussion surrounding refugee policy often includes characterizations of refugees themselves. I use an experiment to identify how the characterizations used to describe refugees influence attitudes toward restrictive refugee policies among Christian and Muslim Americans. Overall, I find broad support among Christians and ambivalence among Muslims sampled for a policy that would dramatically reduce refugee entry in the USA. However, I also find that Muslim American respondents are significantly less supportive of restrictive policies when refugees are explicitly identified as Muslim but there is no such impact among Christian Americans. My findings contribute to our understanding of how characterizations about refugees and explicit religious cues impact policy attitudes and how political communication influences small minority groups in the USA.
A Construction of Open Descendant Potentials in All Genera
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander , Basalaev Alexey , Buryak Alexandr 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present a construction of an open analogue of total descendant and total ancestor potentials via an “open version” of Givental’s action. Our construction gives a genus expansion for an arbitrary solution to the open WDVV equations satisfying a semisimplicity condition and admitting a unit. We show that the open total descendant potentials we define satisfy the open topological recursion relations in genus $0$ and $1$, the open string and open dilaton equations. We finish the paper with a computation of the simplest nontrivial open correlator in genus $1$ using our construction.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Human Alphaherpesvirus Infections in Patients With Psoriasis Who Initiate Methotrexate or Biologic Agents
Authors: Rezahosseini Omid , Liljendahl Mie Sylow , Loft Nikolai , Møller Dina Leth , Harboe Zitta Barrella , Rasmussen Mads Kirchheiner , Ajgeiy Kawa Khaled , Egeberg Alexander , Skov Lone , Nielsen Susanne Dam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Immunosuppressive agents may increase the risk of infections with human alphaherpesviruses.

Methods
We included all adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who initiated methotrexate (MTX) or biologic agents in a retrospective cohort study. An episode of alphaherpesviruses infection was defined as filling a prescription for systemic acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir. Using nationwide registries, we determined the incidence, risk factors, 180-day hospital contacts, and 30-day mortality following infection.

Results
We included 7294 patients; 4978 (68%) received MTX, and 2316 (32%) biologic agents. The incidence rates (95% confidence intervals) of alphaherpesviruses were 23 (20–27), 26 (19–35), 17 (11–27), and 6.7 (1.3–21) per 1000 person-years of follow-up in patients on MTX, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, interleukin 12/23 (IL-12/23) inhibitors, and interleukin 17 (IL-17) inhibitors, respectively. Males had an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.47 (P &lt; .001) for alphaherpesvirus infection. Patients on IL-17 inhibitors had an adjusted HR of 0.24 (P = .048) compared to TNF-α inhibitors. Within 180 days after infection, 13%, 7.5%, and &lt;0.5% of patients on MTX, TNF-α inhibitors, and IL-12/23 or IL-17 inhibitors, respectively, had hospital contacts, and the 30-day mortality for all groups was &lt;0.5%.

Conclusions
The incidence and risk of alphaherpesvirus infections were comparable between patients on MTX and TNF-α inhibitors, whereas use of IL-17 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk.
Papal White and Shades of Green: On the Tides of Just War
Authors: Braun Christian Nikolaus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates curious parallels in the development of thinking on war and peace in the Catholic Church and the German Green Party. Like Catholicism, the Greens started as an overwhelmingly pacifist movement. However, similarly to Catholicism after it became the state religion of Rome, the Greens began to support military action in the late 1990s when they first held political power. While until 2005 they could be categorized as contingent pacifists, in the context of the developing Responsibility to Protect norm, the Greens adopted just war. Based on this development, the article demonstrates that assuming political power, adopting the “burden of statecraft,” leads previously pacifist movements toward an embrace of the just war framework. Crucially, as the article also shows, the reverse pattern can apply, too. The example of the Catholic Church illustrates that the gradual move away from political power can result in a more restrictive attitude toward armed force. That is why the article identifies a pattern that it calls “the tides of just war.” While the flow that follows the assumption of political power washes ashore just war, the distancing from such responsibility results in the ebb carrying the just war, or parts of it, back into the sea.
Being of Use: Diffraction and an Ethics of Truth-Telling in Post-Cartesian IR
Authors: Chee Liberty 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an ethics premised on a post-Cartesian ontology: that what we know is how we know and vice versa. The acknowledgment of the international relations (IR) scholar's constitutive relation to the world she seeks to describe, and of which she is a part, entails an ethics that is also a practice and an agency. I build on Karen Barad's quantum theory and on Michel Foucault's notion of parrhesia to address two problems in IR theory, namely that reflexivity and the pragmatist call for praxis pay insufficient attention to how power conditions knowledge production. Barad offers an “ethico-onto-epistemology” as a nonrepresentationalist methodology, which attends to the material difference knowledge can make rather than the accuracy of our representations. Parrhesia, in turn, problematizes our relationship with the activity of knowing itself. In the pragmatist sense, we are asked not only to be of use to our communities, but also to be mindful of who we are and what kind of subject we become in our phenomenal inscriptions of reality. This quantum ethic allows us to better realize the pragmatist ideal of a democratic social science by allowing us to resist the centripetal force of epistemic sovereignty and the cooptation of scientific authority.
Costly Concessions, Internally Divided Movements, and Strategic Repression: A Movement-Level Analysis
Authors: La Spada Eleonora 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIs government repression of self-determination (SD) movements affected by the internal structure of the movements? This article investigates the relation between internal fragmentation of SD movements and state repression. While internal fragmentation of domestic challengers is well-documented in conflict studies, its effect on state repression is largely overlooked by the extant literature. Here, I argue that inter-faction competition and disagreements within an internally divided movement constrain the government's ability to negotiate concessions in a way that can satisfy all the actors involved, engendering incentives to repress the movement. I expect that the degree to which this mechanism operates depends on the extent to which the movement is internally fragmented. The findings show that higher degrees of within-movement fragmentation are positively associated with higher levels of repression, and this effect is greater in the presence of active violent militants but smaller in the presence of one or a few dominant faction(s). This study sheds light on the mechanisms that drive repression over SD disputes, which often lead to escalation of violence and civil conflict onset. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can help with the development of early warning systems and conflict prevention in the political practice of national and international organizations.
Intermediation between International Society and World Society: The Pope and the UN Secretary-General on “the Figure of the Refugee”
Authors: Troy Jodok 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
English School accounts of international relations always stressed some degree of interaction between political international society and ideational world society. Yet, English School research, relying on agential and structural premises, often misses how and where international society and world society interact. If intermediation between the two societies is identified, it often remains abstract. I argue that identifying agents and the standards defining their practices helps to understand intermediation between international society and world society. I suggest that likely candidates that practice intermediation are rooted in both international society and world society. This is because practices rooted in both realms are also defined by the standards of both realms. I argue that the Pope and the United Nations Secretary-General are likely intermediation instances between international society and world society. Both are equally footed in international society and world society. Given their organizational embedding in international society, both rely on practices informed by international society standards such as diplomacy. Yet, both also rely on world society standards such as their concern for humanity. Focusing on the sanctity of the individual rather than only on state-based interests and agendas of international society marks their concern and caring for refugees. I illustrate this argument with advocacy, an intermediation practice. Deprived of membership in a community, solutions for refugees in international society require political and moral theory from world society, relying on concepts such as humanity. Advocating for refugees on the grounds of world society's common humanity, the Pope and the United Nations Secretary-General are intermediation instances between world society and international society.