bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting UGCG Overcomes Resistance to Lysosomal Autophagy Inhibition
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , Harper Sandra L. , Versace Amanda M. , Fingerman Dylan , Brown Gregory Schuyler , Bhardwaj Monika , Crissey Mary Ann S. , Goldman Aaron R. , Ruthel Gordon , Liu Qin , Zivkovic Aleksandra , Stark Holgar , Herlyn Meenhard , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Speicher David W. , Amaravadi Ravi K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLysosomal autophagy inhibition (LAI) with hydroxychloroquine or DC661 can enhance cancer therapy, but tumor regrowth is common. To elucidate LAI resistance, proteomics and immunoblotting demonstrated that LAI induced lipid metabolism enzymes in multiple cancer cell lines. Lipidomics showed that LAI increased cholesterol, sphingolipids, and glycosphingolipids. These changes were associated with striking levels of GM1+ membrane microdomains (GMM) in plasma membranes and lysosomes. Inhibition of cholesterol/sphingolipid metabolism proteins enhanced LAI cytotoxicity. Targeting UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) synergistically augmented LAI cytotoxicity. Although UGCG inhibition decreased LAI-induced GMM and augmented cell death, UGCG overexpression led to LAI resistance. Melanoma patients with high UGCG expression had significantly shorter disease-specific survival. The FDA-approved UGCG inhibitor eliglustat combined with LAI significantly inhibited tumor growth and improved survival in syngeneic tumors and a therapy-resistant patient-derived xenograft. These findings nominate UGCG as a new cancer target, and clinical trials testing UGCG inhibition in combination with LAI are warranted.Significance:We discovered UGCG-dependent lipid remodeling drives resistance to LAI. Targeting UGCG with a drug approved for a lysosomal storage disorder enhanced LAI antitumor activity without toxicity. LAI and UGCG inhibition could be tested clinically in multiple cancers.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247
The Environment in the Context of the War in Ukraine
Authors: Cynk Karolina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Natural environment is a quiet but grave victim of every war. The purpose of this article is to present the way selected governmental departments communicate environmental issues to their citizens during the war in Ukraine. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out. The analysed material consisted of messages posted on the websites of the ministries in the period from February 24 to April 1, 2022: Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. The comparative analysis has shown that, while the Ukrainian ministry consistently posted information about the damage suffered by the environment, and not only in Ukraine, but also throughout Europe, the ministries of the countries neighbouring with Ukraine – with the exception of the Slovak ministry – did not provide information about the consequences of war for the environment.
Article 53 echr and Minimum Protection by the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Gerards Janneke 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is often emphasised that the European Convention on Human Rights (echr or Convention) offers only minimum protection and states are allowed to offer additional guarantees. Indeed, Article 53 echr obliges the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to respect such national guarantees if they go beyond the Convention. Similar provisions are usually included in human rights treaties as ‘priority clauses’, which mean that human rights bodies should respect more protective national laws. In such a reading, Article 53 could both add to and detract from the protection offered by the Convention, especially in cases where national and Convention rights clash. Based on an analysis of the Court’s case law, this paper shows that the Court does not rely on Article 53 in such conflicting rights cases, but rather prefers to use avoidance and balancing strategies. Instead, the Court uses Article 53 to reinforce national fundamental rights protection, thereby reducing the risk of harming the minimum level of protection provided by the Convention.
Observational Study of Wind Velocity and Structures during Supertyphoons and Convective Gales over Land Based on a 356-m-High Meteorological Gradient Tower
Authors: Zhou Qian-Jin , Li Lei , Chan Pak-Wai , Cheng Xue-Ling , Lan Chang-Xing , Su Jia-Chen , He Yu-Qing , Yang Hong-Long 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Supertyphoons (STs) and strong convection gales (SCGs) are extremely hazardous weather events over land. Knowledge of their processes is crucial for various applications, such as intensity forecasts of gales and the design of high-rise construction and infrastructure. Here, an observational analysis of two strong SCGs and two STs is presented based on data from the Shenzhen meteorological gradient tower, the tallest in Asia. Differences in the intrinsic physical characteristics measured at each event can be associated with different disaster-causing mechanisms. Wind speeds during STs are comparatively much larger but feature slower variations, while those of SCGs are more abrupt. Unlike that observed during STs, the vertical distribution of wind speeds during SCGs obeys a power law or exponential distribution only within 1-h maximum wind speed windows. In comparison with a Gaussian distribution, a generalized extreme value distribution can better characterize the statistical characteristics of the gusts of both STs and SCGs events. Deviations from Kolmogorov’s −5/3 power law were observed in the energy spectra of both phenomena at upper levels, albeit with differences. Different from what is seen in the ST energy spectrum distribution, a clear process of energy increase and decrease could be seen in SCGs during gale evolution. Nonetheless, both SCGs and STs exhibited a high downward transfer of turbulent momentum flux at a 320 m height, which could be attributed to the pulsation of the gusts rather than to the large-scale base flow.

Significance Statement
Strong gales induced by typhoons and severe convection have potential serious impacts on human society. The current study compares and analyzes the characteristics of the gales induced by the two different weather systems using the data observed by a 356-m-tall tower in South China. This paper also shows the relationship between gusts of the near-surface wind and the turbulent momentum fluxes, thus suggesting a possible mechanism leading to destructive forces in surface winds. In terms of social value, this study would contribute to increase the awareness of gales (the instantaneous wind speed over 17 m s−1) and improve the prediction and prevention of different types of gales, as well as the wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings.
The Role of Vortex Preconditioning in Influencing the Occurrence of Strong and Weak Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Yang Pengkun , Bao Ming , Ren Xuejuan , Tan Xin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The anomalous stratospheric state favoring the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is usually referred to as vortex preconditioning. This study investigates the role of vortex preconditioning in triggering strong and weak SSWs by using ERA5 reanalysis data. Strong and weak SSWs are distinguished by the amplitude of zonal wind deceleration of sudden stratospheric deceleration events. The robust stratospheric anomalies before strong SSWs last longer compared to weak SSWs, accompanied by stronger amplification of stratospheric wave activity near the warming. The stratospheric anomalies before weak SSWs have two significant enhancement stages, with two processes of stratospheric wave amplification. Robust stratospheric anomalies generally appear before tropospheric wave events (TWEs) followed by the strong and weak SSWs, which are absent before TWEs without SSWs. Stratospheric meridional potential vorticity gradient events (SPVEs) are defined to represent the anomalous stratospheric state during vortex preconditioning. The SPVEs can effectively modulate the stratospheric upward wave activity. No strong lower-tropospheric wave forcing is seen for the composites of both strong and weak SSWs preceded by SPVEs. These SSWs account for about 59% of the total SSWs. Furthermore, about 23% of strong SSWs and 36% of weak SSWs are only preceded by SPVEs without TWEs, indicating the major role of vortex preconditioning in triggering these SSWs. The SPVEs can be caused by wave breaking in the surfzone or the enhanced polar vortex, while the SPVEs preceded by clear wave breaking may be more favorable to the occurrence of SSWs.
Model Configuration versus Driving Model: Influences on Next-Day Regional Convection-Allowing Model Forecasts during a Real-Time Experiment
Authors: Roberts Brett , Clark Adam J. , Jirak Israel L. , Gallo Burkely T. , Bain Caroline , Flack David L. A. , Warner James , Schwartz Craig S. , Reames Larissa J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As part of NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE) in 2020, an international collaboration yielded a set of real-time convection-allowing model (CAM) forecasts over the contiguous United States in which the model configurations and initial/boundary conditions were varied in a controlled manner. Three model configurations were employed, among which the Finite Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3), Unified Model (UM), and Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model dynamical cores were represented. Two runs were produced for each configuration: one driven by NOAA’s Global Forecast System for initial and boundary conditions, and the other driven by the Met Office’s operational global UM. For 32 cases during SFE2020, these runs were initialized at 0000 UTC and integrated for 36 h. Objective verification of model fields relevant to convective forecasting illuminates differences in the influence of configuration versus driving model pertinent to the ongoing problem of optimizing spread and skill in CAM ensembles. The UM and WRF configurations tend to outperform FV3 for forecasts of precipitation, thermodynamics, and simulated radar reflectivity; using a driving model with the native CAM core also tends to produce better skill in aggregate. Reflectivity and thermodynamic forecasts were found to cluster more by configuration than by driving model at lead times greater than 18 h. The two UM configuration experiments had notably similar solutions that, despite competitive aggregate skill, had large errors in the diurnal convective cycle.
Professional Social Media in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Usage, Resources, and Barriers
Authors: Landeen Kelly C. , Smetak Miriam R. , Keah Niobra M. , Davis Seth J. , Shastri Karthik , Patel Priyesh , Stephan Scott J. , Yang Shiayin F. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Social media is an important tool for networking, recruitment, and promoting clinical practice. No study has specifically assessed which FPRS practitioners have professional social media accounts, how they utilize them, and what barriers or resources exist to their use. Objectives: This study aims to examine differences in social media use based on provider demographics and practice setting, and identify resources and barriers to professional social media use. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was an anonymous survey sent to AAFPRS members. Data collected included demographics, practice setting, resources, and barriers encountered to use of professional social media. Results: Most facial plastic surgeons (80%) use professional social media, notably Instagram and Facebook, and mostly post patient photos and stories (67.9%). Social media is more commonly utilized in private practice (56% vs 23%, P = .0016), where there are less institutional barriers (10% vs 40%, P = .02) and more resources available (82.5% vs 12.5%, P = .01). Conclusions: Social media is widely used in FPRS. Working in private practice is associated with increased availability of resources for support, and a reduction in institutional barriers to maintaining a social media presence. With this understanding, facial plastic surgeons can be better equipped for networking, marketing, and promoting the field of FPRS.
Sustainable education and training in laboratory animal science and ethics in low- and middle-income countries in Africa – challenges, successes, and the way forward
Authors: Mohr Bert J , Souilem Ouajdi , Abdussamad Abdussamad M , Benmouloud Abelouafi , Bugnon Phillippe , Chipangura John K , Fahmy Sohair R , Fourie Tamsyn , Gaafar Khadiga , Jillani Ngalla E , Kantyok Josiah T , Martin Louise F , Mokopasetso Mokganedi , Mugisha Lawrence , Nyachieo Atunga , Lewis David I 
Published: November 2022

Despite the recognised need for education and training in laboratory animal science (LAS) and ethics in Africa, access to such opportunities has historically been limited. To address this, the Pan-African Network for Laboratory Animal Science and Ethics (PAN-LASE) was established to pioneer a support network for the development of education and training in LAS and ethics across the African continent. In the 4.5 years since the establishment of PAN-LASE, 3635 individuals from 28 African countries have participated in our educational activities. Returning to their home institutions, they have both established and strengthened institutional and regional hubs of knowledge and competence across the continent. Additionally, PAN-LASE supported the development of guidelines for establishment of institutional Animal Ethics Committees, a critical step in the implementation of ethical review processes across the continent, and in enhancing animal welfare and scientific research standards. Key challenges and opportunities for PAN-LASE going forward include the formalisation of the network; the sustainability of education and training programmes; implementation of effective hub-and-spoke models of educational provision; strengthening governance frameworks at institutional, national and regional levels; and the availability of Africa-centric open access educational resources. Our activities are enhancing animal welfare and the quality of animal research undertaken across Africa, enabling African researchers to undertake world-leading research to offer solutions to the challenges facing the continent. The challenges, successes and the lessons learnt from PAN-LASE’s journey are applicable to other low- and middle-income countries across the world seeking to enhance animal welfare, research ethics and ethical review in their own country or region.
Speed-Interviewing for Classroom Group Formation: How a Clever Twist on the Classic “Speed-Dating” Tradition Enhances Small Group Coursework
Authors: Sublett Lisa W. , Johnston Amanda M. , Walther Christine A. P. , Seahorn Christal , Moreno Georgina L. , Brownlee Latoya 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Students in higher education courses need to practice vital groupwork skills that are increasingly relevant in today's collaborative workplace, which often occurs through small group coursework. Statement of the Problem: The process of forming small groups with students who are committed to the topic and goals is frequently problematic. Literature Review: We review the literature on the advantages and disadvantages of common group formation strategies, such as self-assembly and professor assignment. Teaching Implications: We discuss the use of a unique method of forming small groups in a university setting through a fun, interactive activity based on the classic “speed-dating” exercise. Conclusion: We recommend that educators consider the use of a speed-interviewing group formation strategy to allow groups to form based on similar topic interests and work styles.
How to select the optimal size of frozen elephant trunk in total arch replacement for type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Morokuma Hiroyuki , Hamada Kouhei , Shimauchi Kouta , Osaki Jun , Takahashi Baku , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Hayashi Nagi , Jinnouchi Kouki , Itoh Manabu , Yunoki Junji , Kamohara Keiji 
Published: November 2022

Background Total arch replacement (TAR) with a frozen elephant trunk (FET) is a common technique for acute aortic dissection, but there is no consensus on the optimal size of the FET. Methods Forty-four patients who underwent TAR with FET for acute aortic dissection at our hospital since 2014 were included. The aortic diameter obtained from FET was measured on postoperative computed tomography (CT) and the estimated oversizing ratio was calculated. We investigated the relationship between the estimated oversizing ratio and postoperative outcomes. We also measured the maximum true lumen diameter, circumference of the true lumen, and total aortic diameter at the same level as the FET end on preoperative CT and examined the correlation with the aortic diameter obtained from FET. Results The average estimated oversizing ratio was 109%. Early postoperative CT showed complete thrombosis of the false lumen in 41 (93.2%) patients. No distal stent graft-induced new entry occurred during follow-up. The correlation coefficients between the three measurements and aortic diameter obtained from FET were 0.64 (maximum true lumen diameter), 0.76 (true lumen diameter calculated from circumference), and 0.72 (total aortic diameter), respectively. Conclusions The aortic diameter obtained from FET on postoperative CT was strongly correlated with the true lumen diameter calculated from the circumference and total aortic diameter on preoperative CT. It is reasonable to select a size of approximately 130% of the true lumen diameter calculated from the circumference or 80% to 85% of the total aortic diameter.
Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of the Evidence Base for Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM)
Authors: Dunworth Kristina , Porras Fimbres Denisse , Trotta Rose , Hollins Andrew , Shammas Ronnie , Allori Alexander C. , Santiago Pedro E. 
Published: November 2022

Objective To critically appraise the body of scientific literature supporting the risks and efficacy of nasoalveolar molding (NAM), specifically in contrast to alternative methods of presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) or to treatment without PSIO. Main Outcome Measures Five outcome domains were considered: nasolabial aesthetics; dentoalveolar relationship; midfacial growth; cost and burden of care; and number of anesthetic events. Design MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were queried for articles from the first description of the Grayson-Santiago NAM technique (1993) through December 13, 2021. After the application of inclusionary and exclusionary criteria, selected articles were critically appraised using a systematic framework that included risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. Results A total of 88 studies were included. Level-I and -II evidence showed on par or better approximation and alveolar alignment achieved by NAM compared to other PSIO. Level-II and -III evidence showed improved nasolabial aesthetics compared to other PSIOs. Level-II and -III evidence supported no harm to maxillofacial skeletal growth through age 12. Sparse level-III evidence supported a reduced number of labial or nasal revisions following NAM. Level-II and -III evidence showed NAM requiring upfront cost and frequent appointments but reducing caregiver psychosocial burden and reducing long-term costs compared to select alternatives. Many studies carried a high risk of bias. Conclusions Current evidence supports the overall efficacy of NAM regarding short/mid-term outcomes, with a low risk of negative effects on midfacial growth or dental development. The high risk of bias discovered in many papers underscores the need for robust study design in future research.
The epidemiology of adults' eyelid malignancies in Germany between 2009 and 2015; An analysis of 42,710 patients' data
Authors: Alfaar Ahmad S , Suckert C Nathanael , Rehak Matus , Girbardt Christian 
Published: November 2022

Purpose We report the incidence of malignant tumors of the eyelid in Germany between 2009 and 2015. Methods Data pertaining to the period between 2009 and 2015 were extracted from the German Cancer Registry. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-3 codes for tumors of the eyelid or canthus were used to identify incidence rates and survival probabilities. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated by age, year, and gender and the individual federated states. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meyer and Life tables methods, and COX-Regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for overall and cancer-specific survival. Results This study examined data pertaining to 42,710 patients who had been diagnosed with malignant tumors of the eyelid. Basal cell carcinoma was by far the most common tumor of the eyelid (87.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (10.1%) and malignant melanoma (1.1%). ASRs of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma were 65.1, 7.49, and 0.83 per million, respectively. Sebaceous cell carcinoma did not appear to be of high prevalence in Germany. Cancer-specific survival was generally high, exceeding 95%. The overall survival of patients with melanoma was considerably lower than those with other cancers. Both survival rates were inferior to that of basal cell carcinoma (74.9%). Cancer-Specific survival at five years for all groups exceeded 95%. Conclusions The incidence rates of malignant lid tumors match that of the European countries but shows a different pattern than Asian countries.
Results of ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with donor corneas preserved in synthetic organ culture media
Authors: Fasolo Adriano , Franch Antonella , Monterosso Cristina , Camposampiero Davide , Frigo Anna Chiara , Amoureux Marie-Claude , Fortier Denis , Ponzin Diego 
Published: November 2022

Purpose To evaluate outcomes of ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) with donor corneas preserved at 31°C in Cornea Syn®, a medium formulated with recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) to replace foetal calf serum, and deswelled-transported in the xeno-free medium Cornea Trans®. Methods Prospective, multicentre, open-label study. We evaluated the endothelial cell loss (ECL) as the percentage variation of the endothelial cell density (ECD, cells/mm2) between 6 and 12 months after surgery, corneal transparency and thickness at 12 months, and adverse events within 12 months. Endothelial lenticules of mean 89 μm, ECD ≥ 2300 cells/mm2, minimum signs of cell mortality or morphology alterations, were dissected by microkeratome in the eye bank, and grafted in patients ≥ 18 years without corneal neovascularisation, conjunctivalization, or blinking impairment. Results Thirty-five patients underwent UT-DSAEK, 3 showed primary failure, 1 late failure, and 2 skipped the 6-month visit. We analysed data from 29 patients, 27 with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and 2 with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). The median ECL between 6 and 12 months was 2.6% ( p = .054, CI 0 to 12.5) and the absolute mean (SD) was 158.4 (364.1) cells/mm2. After 12 months, 96.5% of corneas were clear, with mean pachymetry of 585.9 (50.4) µm. Conclusions The ECL rate after UT-DSAEK match overall that observed in DSAEK or UT-DSAEK models of endothelial survival and the overall safety compared that reported for similar follow-up. Corneas maintained in Cornea Syn® and Cornea Trans® did not affect the ECD and functional outcomes of UT-DSAEK up to 12 months.