bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Prevalance of Nephropathy among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Waghodia Region, Vadodara, Gujarat
Authors: Thakkar Charmi C. , Sailaja Inampudi 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Sickle-cell disease (or drepanocytosis) is a life-long blood disorder Characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickle cell disease (SCD) has several complications, including chronic renal failure, manifesting with hypertension (high blood pressure) proteinuria (protein loss in the urine), hematuria (redblood cells in urine) and worsening anaemia. Progression to end-stage renal failure confers a poor prognosis.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the Prevalence of Nephropathy among sickle cell disease patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study includes a total 150 participants who suffering from sickle cell anemia and attending our Institute. Renal function test and Urine examination of all participants was done. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) calculated using the Cockroft Gault formula. Comparison of results was done between Sickle cell trait and Sickle cell disease Group.
Results: The mean age of the SCA patients were 25.54±10 years. Maximum participants are found to be from age group 25-30 yr(n=35) followed by 20-25 yr(n=30). Of the 150 SCA patients, 89 (59.33%), and 61 (40.66%) were males and females, respectively. The Mean value of S.Creatinine of SCT group is 0.73±0.46 mg/dl and SCD is 1.0±0.35 mg/dl, while the Mean value of eGFR is 134.19±87.21 ml/min and 124.20 ±58.25 ml/min in SCT and SCD Group respectively.
Conclusions: From our study we conclude that the Derangement of Kidney function in sickle cell disease is frequent in our setting especially among young adult. It concerns SCD as well as SCT patients. Albuminuria is more frequent in homozygote patients and its prevalence increase with age. Age ≥ 25 years is associated with high risk of CKD in SCA group and albuminuria in SCD.
Herpes Zoster in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Wadbudhe Akshad , Damke Smita 
Published: January 2022

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a disease caused by the activation of the virus in the latent phase. The name of the virus is varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus remains in the dorsal root ganglia, the collection of neuronal cell bodies. It is known as reactivation because it is a secondary infection. The main or the old infection is chickenpox; it generally occurs in the early stages of life. This secondary infection is caused in the later stages of life in old age patients; if the patient is immunocompromised, this type of infection can cause death or make the patient unconscious. But in the world, many people have a variety of standard or uncommon signs and symptoms of this disease based on their body, diet, area, or even genetic features.
This Herpes Zoster acts on the immune response called cell-mediated immunity and decreases it rapidly with the advance of age of the person. In the coming years, the incidences of this disease are gradually increasing because of the weakening of the immune system. The incidences also happened in people with defective immunity of cell-mediated type or due to the abuse of certain drugs.
The herpes zoster is caused to the immunosuppressed patient more quickly than the average population. As there is no immune system to defend the body, some secondary infections can also be induced in these conditions and lead to death. This multiple infection can make a differential diagnosis.
This review explains and understands the herpes zoster virus causing different complications in the body and other clinical things related to immunocompromised patients.
Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori with Triple Therapy Comprising Probiotic & Proton Pump Inhibitor
Authors: Amjad Hina , Sundus Sadia , Ata-ur-Rehman . , Khan Kiran , Pasha Ghazala Nasim , Furqan Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The current clinical trial compared the effects of conventional triple therapy and probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri) plus omeprazole combination in peptic ulcer patients. The secondary objectives included estimating the effects of these regimens on safety and tolerability.
Study Design: Randomized clinical trial
Abode and Period of Study: This was a six month research study conducted at the National Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan in October 2020 – March 2021.
Materials & Methods: A total of 100 patients were recruited, had baseline positive stool antigen test. All the participants were separated into dual groups: conventional triple remedy (group A1) and probiotic with omeprazole combination (group B1). The study's primary endpoint was stool antigen assay and secondary included change in Hb, LFTs and renal function test.
Results: The primary endpoints for combination therapy led to significantly greater reductions in positive stool antigen assay than triple therapy. This means that combination therapy is far better than triple therapy. The stool antigen test showed 56.5% positive and 43.5% negative in group A1 while in group B1 34.8% positive while 65.2% negative after treatment were seen with statistically significant difference (p=0.036). Insignificant findings were observed for level of Hb, LFTs and renal function test between both groups during the entire study.
Conclusion: This is the first randomized clinical trial in peptic ulcer patients of Pakistan treated with probiotic plus omeprazole combination. Combination therapy was generally well-tolerated and effective in eradicating the Helicobacter pylori after initiation of therapy.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Punicalagin (Pomegranate Extract) on IL-1 Beta and Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kumar Tamilselvan , Raja S. A. Jacob , James Johnson Raja , Sankar M. S. Ravi , Fairlin P. , Rajendhran Dhivya 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Pomegranates have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Punicalagin (Pomegranate extract) on IL-1β and SOD levels in chronic periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods: 30 patients were included in the study. The sites were randomly divided into control site and test site. Control sites were treated with Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) alone and test sites were treated with punicalagin gel along with SRP. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Gingival Index (GI), Plaque index (PI), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) and biochemical markers such as IL-1β and Superoxide Dismutase levels were compared between baseline and at 21 days post therapy.
Results: Test sites showed significant differences when compared to control sites in relation to all clinical and biochemical parameters.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, there is an improvement in the clinical parameters with an increase in the anti-oxidant marker level and a decrease in inflammatory marker level when punicalagin gel was placed along with Scaling and Root Planing in patients with Chronic Periodontitis.
Knowledge, Perception and Attitude of the Undergraduate Healthcare Students Relative to COVID-19 Infection at a Teaching Institute of Karachi
Authors: Rehman Ata Ur , Khan Kiran , Maheshwari Jai Dev , Bhatti Muhammad Aslam , Kainat . , Khan Kashmala 
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Efforts are being made all over the world to raise awareness in order to prevent the disease from spreading. The purpose of this study was to assess undergraduate healthcare students' attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of COVID-19 disease. We conducted a cross- sectional survey in which a questionnaire with 12 questions was transformed online on Google forms and distributed online to healthcare students. Data was collected between May and June of 2021. The convenience sampling technique was used, resulting in a sample size of 926 people. A total of 926 individual questionnaires were evaluated. The findings revealed that the majority of participants learned about COVID-19 through social media and electronic media, which was the most common source of information. The majority of participants stated that older and middle-aged people are more likely to be affected. The protective measure against symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID 19 is N95 and surgical masks, as well as sanitization.
Half of the participants believe that COVID 19 is a bioweapon, and that it affects all religious groups equally. In general, undergraduate healthcare students had a fair understanding of the disease and a favorable attitude toward preventive measures. The government and the public are taking effective measures to combat disease spread; however, there is still a need for additional awareness campaigns and knowledge of safe interventions to combat disease spread.
The Outpatient Prescribing Pattern of Sevelamer in Al Seih
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Khan Mohd Faiyaz 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to explore the outpatient prescribing pattern of sevelamer in Al Seih.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study that included reviewing the electronic prescriptions that contained sevelamer among outpatients in the city of Al Saih.
Results: During 2017 and 2018, 47 patients received sevelamer from the outpatient pharmacy in a public hospital in Alkharj. More than 23 % of the prescriptions were prescribed in January and about 21.28% of the prescriptions were prescribed in May. All of the prescriptions that contained sevelamer were prescribed for the duration of 1 month (100.00%), all of the sevelamer prescriptions were written by residents (100.00%) and all of the prescriptions were prescribed by nephrology department (100.00%). More than half of the patients who received sevelamer were females (60.00%). The age of about 90% of the patients who received sevelamer was more than 39 years.
Conclusion: The present study showed that the prescribing of sevelamer was uncommon in Al Seih. Further studies are required to investigate the pattern and the frequency of sevelamer in the outpatients setting and in other settings.
The Outcome of Cervical Spine Injury Associated with Traumatic Brain Injuries: Tertiary Care Hospital Study
Authors: Hassan Sher , Kalhoro Aurangzeb , Rehman Lal , Samad Abdul 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Outcome of cervical spine injury associated with traumatic brain injuries.
Materials & Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed at the Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi. 158 total patients were included in the study, this study by non-probability consecutive sampling. The diagnosis was based primarily on a CT scan brain plain and an x-ray of the cervical spine of all the patients who were admitted to the ward.
Results: Among 158, the age distribution of the patient was observed as 43(27%)patients presented as less than 20 years, 32(20%) were between the age of 21-30 years range, 28(18%) patients were ranged between 31-40 years, 16(10%) patients aged in a range of 41-50 years while 39(25%) were above 50 years. Head injury severity was observed at 47% as mild head injury, 32% as moderate injury and 21% had a severe head injury while cervical injury in association with traumatic brain injury was found in 10% of patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of cervical traumatic injury associated with moderate to severe head injury remained similar in the world overall with minute differences in the percentages that we have noticed in our study. The severity of the head injury is directly proportional to cervical injury.
Incidence of Corneal Inflammation of Varying Severity among Contact Lens Wearers
Authors: Osmani Yusuf , Kela Krishna , Sune Mona 
Published: January 2022

The human cornea is an avascular, transparent tissue that permits or allows light rays to enter or reach the retina. The cornea is made up of several layers, each of which plays an important role in preserving the transparency and power of cornea. The epithelium, Bowmans layer, Descemet’s membrane and endothelium are the layers of the cornea. This study aimed to discover the incidences of severe and non-severe corneal inflammation amongst wearers of modern technology touch lenses. Studies on touch lens users providing with a corneal ulcer/infiltrates were reported. On the basis of severity, a medical severity matrix was utilized among cases of severe and non-severe corneal inflammation. There was a large distinction in severe corneal infection among ew-hydrogel and ew-silicone hydrogel. When it comes to evaluating touch lens-related corneal inflammation, a medical severity matrix is available in hand. Wearers of contact lenses who sleep with them have a appreciably low risk of severe corneal inflammation than those who simplest put on lenses for the duration of the day. Those cases who everyday sleep with lenses have a 5-fold lower risk of severe corneal inflammation as compared day-to-day hydrogel lenses for prolonged utilization.
The Outpatient Prescribing of Miconazole in a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh Region
Authors: Ahmed Nehad Jaser , Yusufoglu Hasan Soliman 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the use of miconazole in the outpatient setting of a tertiary hospital in Riyadh Region.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study that included reviewing the electronic prescriptions that contained miconazole among patients in a public hospital in Riyadh Region.
Results: Most of the patients who received miconazole were females (89.29%) and the age of 51.79% of them was between 30 and 39 years. Most of the prescriptions were written by residents (96.43%) and most of the prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (66.07%). Most of the patients received miconazole as vaginal suppository (50.00%) or as cream (39.29%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that miconazole was uncommonly prescribed in in Riyadh Region. Further studies are needed to explore the frequency and pattern of miconazole use as well as to explore the frequency of prescribing other antifungal medications in different settings.
Nomophobic Prevalence and Academic Achievement of Higher Secondary Students Practicing Blended Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Elias Jijish , Jayalakshmy P. M. , Jayaraman K. , Mirunalini M. , Paul Issac 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Smartphone usage for academic and non academic processes increased among the adolescent students, especially among Higher Secondary students. This increased usage developed a kind of addiction among them towards the smartphones and other mobile gadgets. The mode of delivering learning experiences also changed due to the pandemic and this makes the need of the current study.
Aim: To identify the smartphone addiction termed as nomophobia and academic achievement of higher secondary students during blended learning activities which known for the mixing of appropriate theories, methods and technologies to optimise learning in a particular context.
Materials and Methods: A standardised nomophobic rating scale utilised to check the extent of smartphone addiction among the higher secondary students. Their academic achievement is identified using an achievement test in the relevant subject. The higher secondary students from Kerala constitute the population of the current study and 30 among them practicing blended learning activities are selected for the study in a convenient manner.
Results: The results show that students are more prevalent to the smart phone addiction during the blended learning process. The male students show a higher level of smartphone addiction when compared to their female counterparts while academic achievement does not differ with respect to gender. Locality of the higher secondary students has no significant role on their nomophobic prevalence and academic achievement. Nomophobic prevalence correlated negatively with academic achievement but not at a significant level.
Conclusion: This study reveals the major issues about the need for adequate supervision of adolescent mobile phone usage especially during blended learning. It also emphasises the need and importance of timely interventions from teachers, parents, and professionals as the learning process shifted to blended methods after the pandemic among higher secondary level.
Review of the Literature on Existing Management of Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Chandrakar Isha , Sanghavi Shruti 
Published: January 2022

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease in which the tear film’s homeostasis is lost, along with other ocular symptoms such as tear film instability and high osmolarity, neurosensory abnormalities, and ocular surface inflammation and damage. DED is a condition of lacrimal apparatus which is responsible for tear production. The tear film is a mixture of mucin, aqueous (water and solutes like NacI, sugar, urea, proteins,), lipids secreted by goblet cells, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands, respectively. It keeps the eye moist, provides oxygen to the cornea, and has antibacterial properties. The lipid layer prevents the evaporation of the aqueous. DED is categorized into (i)Aqueous-tear deficiency, characterized by a deficiency of lacrimal glands to secrete tears, (ii)Evaporative DED, associated with increased tear loss by evaporation because there is a deficiency of the meibomian glands. The mechanism of DED might be loss of tear through evaporation or insufficient aqueous production or a combination of the two. DED is a widespread eye problem, which is often left untreated. It causes irritation, itching, dryness, foreign body sensation, and discomfort; severe case causes conjunctival congestion, keratinization, erosion of the corneal epithelium, and plaque formation. If left Univision- threatening vision-threatening, leading to complications like corneal ulceration and perforation. Various clinical tests are used to diose DED, including tear breakup time, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, Rose Bengal staining, and expression of inflammatory markers. There is no cure for DED at present. The following modalities are used for its treatment:

use of punctual and canalicular plugs,
artificial tear products like polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol with guar HP,
consuming food rich in omega-three fatty acids, antioxidants zeaxanthin, and lutein,
Use of anti-inflammatory drugs, mucolytics, secretagogues.
Reducing or avoiding mild risk factors like prolonged reading, prolonged use of contact lenses, excessive screen time, etc.
Treatment of causative disease.

Appropriate management and establishing reasonable patient expectations are necessary to ensure patient satisfaction and adherence to the treatment.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Alnooh Alaa , Al-Qubaisy Yasser , Alshammari Nujud , Alhowshan Ibrahim 
Published: January 2022

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare slow growing cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma, that is characterized to be locally invasive with high recurrence rate. However, it has poor metastatic capacity.
Objective: We are conducting this literature review to gather evidence-based medicine knowledge regarding Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans. Moreover, this study highlights the gaps of knowledge in regard to this disease entity.
Methods: The literature search was conducted by searching the keywords “Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans” and “soft tissue sarcomas” in PubMed and Web of Science databases.
Results: 1,769 potentially relevant results showed matched titles, of which 13 articles met the requirements and were included in the literature review.
Limitations: Vague nonspecific clinical manifestations, makes it challenging to establish an early diagnosis and seek an appropriate counseling. In addition, it is difficult to diagnose due to the slow growing behavior and the tumor’s benign appearance. As a result of all of that there is no enough cases reported in the literature.
Conclusion: This review highlights the need of high index of suspicion to help reach an early and proper diagnosis and to raise awareness. Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans needs a specialized center in order to identify and recognize the disease. The knowledge and awareness of the disease is low since it is rare.
Addition of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Motor Control Exercises on Pain and Function in Elderly Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Subramanian Shenbaga Sundaram , Gaowgeh Riziq Allah Mustafa , Altaim Thamer Ahmad , Neamatallah Ziyad , Alfawaz Saad S. , Maayah Mikhled F. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Low back pain is a common, disabling, costly medical problem in most countries. CLBP is one of the most frequently reported conditions affecting the older adults. Numerous studies have also documented the associations of pain-related beliefs and appraisals with pain intensity and related problems, including depression, physical disability, and activity and social role limitations. Recently there is an increased attention to the role of cognitions in mood, anxiety, and other psychological disorders sparked interest in incorporating cognitive therapy techniques into behavioral therapies for chronic pain. CBT is a form of psychological therapy. It focuses on actions are the behavioral part. CBT is a feasible treatment for cognitively intact, older persons with CLBP, and may be efficacious as well. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy with Motor control exercises programme on CLBP.
Methods: Study is an experimental study design includes 40 patients with CLBP with more than 6 months duration. 20 participants underwent motor control exercises with moist heat pack and 20 participants underwent motor control exercises with cognitive behavioral therapy and moist heat pack. Study was conducted for 8weeks of duration and the outcome measures were pain and disability which was measured using numerical pain scale and Oswestry disability index.
Results: The between group comparison was made using the unpaired t test and the results were found to be 10.15 ±0.502, at the 95% of the Confidence intervals for disability. The between group comparison was made using the unpaired t test and the results were obtained are 7.47 ± 0.22, at the 95% of the Confidence intervals for Pain.
Conclusion: The study concluded that motor control exercises with cognitive behavioral therapy were significantly effective in reducing pain and disability.