bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding child support arrangements in Colombia: A social exchange theory perspective
Authors: Cuesta Laura , Guarin Angela , Eickmeyer Kasey J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this research, we examine the characteristics of custodial‐mother families with a child support arrangement in Colombia and how key concepts from social exchange theory are associated with having these arrangements.BackgroundA significant proportion of custodial‐mother families do not receive financial support from noncustodial fathers. Prior research has identified processes behind low rates of child support receipt, but little is known about which factors determine whether separated parents make a child support arrangement in the first place, especially in less affluent countries.MethodsUsing data on custodial mothers interviewed in the Colombian Longitudinal Survey, we used descriptive statistics to examine the characteristics of custodial mothers with a child support arrangement and estimated logistic regression models to examine how economic dependence and commitment before separation are associated with having a child support arrangement.ResultsOnly 35.7% of custodial‐mother families had a child support arrangement, typically a private one. Mothers with an arrangement were more socioeconomically advantaged than those who did not have one. Only economic independence factors were significantly associated with having an arrangement, and a custodial mother's economic independence discouraged having any child support arrangement.ConclusionEconomic factors may bear more weight than interpersonal ties in decisions to pursue a child support arrangement in Colombia.ImplicationsAn assessment of the costs associated with pursuing a child support arrangement in Colombia is an important step to improve the child support system's outreach to custodial mothers, current programming, and type of services provided at different stages of the process.
Creating fairer futures for sustainability transitions
Authors: Fitzgerald Louise M. , Davies Anna R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFutures thinking is an expanding interdisciplinary field which is seen as a key element of transitioning towards a more sustainable planet and society. Developing fairer futuring is increasingly urgent in the context of the radical reconfiguration of current systems needed to meet complex global sustainability challenges. However, explicit consideration of uneven power and participation and the nature‐society relations that feature in contemporary futuring processes has been given little explicit attention to date. This deficit is addressed in this paper through a critical review of dominant futuring approaches and outlining insights from critical perspectives which (a) identify limitations of current futuring approaches and (b) provide important perspectives to help shape fairer futuring in geographical research.
Are curmudgeon personality scales resistant to response distortion?
Authors: Bowling Nathan A. , Eschleman Kevin J. , Zelazny Lucian , Burns Gary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurmudgeon personality, which is assessed by having participants evaluate a heterogeneous set of attitude objects, provides an applied value beyond that of more established personality traits. Recent research, for instance, suggests that curmudgeon personality is distinct from the Five Factor Model personality traits and that it predicts unique variance in important criteria, such as job attitudes and well‐being. In the current paper we contribute to this literature by testing an explanation of how curmudgeon personality is distinct from other traits—their potential resistance to response distortion. We estimated response distortion for scales of curmudgeon personality and FFM traits across two quasi‐experimental studies. As expected, the score shifts between nonapplicant and applicant conditions were smaller for scales of curmudgeon personality compared to scales of emotional stability and conscientiousness. We argue that curmudgeon personality scales may be more resistant to response distortion than are measures of other traits because curmudgeon personality items are semi‐implicit and lack an obvious desirable response. The resistance to response distortion should serve as a call to future researchers to test the criterion validity of curmudgeon personality in regard to performance criteria.
Myofilaments promote wing expansion and maintain genitalia morphology in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Cui Yingying , Lu Huna , Chen Xiaoyi , Li Qin , Ye Ziqi , Chen Wanyi , Zhu Shiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInsects are the most widely distributed and successful animals on the planet. A large number of insects are capable of flight with functional wings. Wing expansion is an important process for insects to achieve functional wings after eclosion and healthy genital morphology is crucial for adult reproduction. Myofilaments are functional units that constitute sarcomeres and trigger muscle contraction. Here, we identified four myofilament proteins, including Myosin, Paramyosin, Tropomyosin and Troponin T, from the wing pads of nymphs in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of Myosin, Paramyosin, Tropomyosin and Troponin T in the early stage of final instar nymphs caused a severely curly wing phenotype in the imaginal moult, especially in the Paramyosin and Troponin T knockdown groups, indicating that these myofilament proteins are involved in controlling wing expansion behaviours during the nymph‐adult transition. In addition, the knockdown resulted in abnormal external genitalia, caused ovulation failure, and affected male accessory gland development. Interestingly, the expression of myofilament genes was induced by methoprene, a juvenile hormone (JH) analogue, and decreased by the depletion of the JH receptor gene Met. Altogether, we have determined that myofilament genes play an important role in promoting wing expansion and maintaining adult genitalia morphology, and their expression is induced by JH signalling. Our data reveal a novel mechanism by which wing expansion is regulated by myofilaments and the functions of myofilaments are involved in maintaining genitalia morphology.
Islet‐specific CD8+ T cells gain effector function in the gut lymphoid tissues via bystander activation not molecular mimicry
Authors: Okada Mirei , Zhang Vivian , Loaiza Naranjo Jeniffer D , Tillett Bree J , Wong F Susan , Steptoe Raymond J , Bergot Anne‐Sophie , Hamilton‐Williams Emma E 
Published: October 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by aberrant activation of autoreactive T cells specific for the islet beta cells. How islet‐specific T cells evade tolerance to become effector T cells is unknown, but it is believed that an altered gut microbiota plays a role. Possible mechanisms include bystander activation of autoreactive T cells in the gut or “molecular mimicry” from cross‐reactivity between gut microbiota‐derived peptides and islet‐derived epitopes. To investigate these mechanisms, we use two islet‐specific CD8+ T cell clones and the non‐obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Both insulin‐specific G9C8 cells and IGRP‐specific 8.3 cells underwent early activation and proliferation in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes but not in the Peyer's patches or mesenteric lymph nodes. Mutation of the endogenous epitope for G9C8 cells abolished their CD69 upregulation and proliferation, ruling out G9C8 cell activation by a gut microbiota derived peptide and molecular mimicry. However, previously activated islet‐specific effector memory cells but not naïve cells migrated into the Peyer's patches where they increased their cytotoxic function. Oral delivery of butyrate, a microbiota derived anti‐inflammatory metabolite, reduced IGRP‐specific cytotoxic function. Thus, while initial activation of islet‐specific CD8+ T cells occurred in the pancreatic lymph nodes, activated cells trafficked through the gut lymphoid tissues where they gained additional effector function via non‐specific bystander activation influenced by the gut microbiota.
The catalytic activity of the Pr2Zr2−xFexO7±δ system for the CO oxidation reaction
Authors: dos Santos Veiga Emerson Luiz , Villafruela Xavier Vendrell , Llorca Jordi , Beltrán‐Mir Hector , Cordoncillo Eloísa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the alternatives to decrease the concentration of CO is its oxidation reaction to CO2, which can be made more efficient using catalysts. In this work, it is shown that pyrochlore structures are a promising candidate to act as heterogeneous catalysts due to their chemical and physical properties. For use as a catalyst in this reaction, the Pr2Zr2−xFexO7±δ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) system was synthesized by the solvothermal method, firing the powder obtained at temperatures of 1200 and 1400°C. The diffraction patterns confirmed the pyrochlore structure as the single phase in all the nominal compositions. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and dynamic light‐scattering analysis showed an increase in the particle size and a decrease in the specific surface area when increasing the iron concentration and increasing the calcination temperature. The compositions that presented the best catalytic activity were the samples with the highest iron concentration. Moreover, these samples were able to convert all the CO oxidation reactions in a narrower temperature range than a conventional CeO2 sample. The presence of vacancies and the redox behavior of the elements present are the key factors for the catalysis of this system in the CO oxidation reaction.
Optimal taxation with positional considerations
Authors: Karakosta Ourania , Zacharias Eleftherios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the optimal commodity tax policy, in a generalized vertical differentiation model in which consumers have positional considerations. Consumers enjoy having a product which is better than that owned by others, and feel envy when others own a better product than them. We examine the impact of these positional considerations on the optimal tax and welfare when a monopoly produces two variants of such good. The standard result that the government should subsidize the product, can be reversed in our setting. In the presence of positional concerns, the optimal tax rate can be positive. Furthermore, the positional effects determine the level of the tax pass‐through on prices. Finally, the tax levied on the high‐quality variant affects the price of the low‐quality variant and vice versa.
N‐Acetylserotonin is an oxidation‐responsive activator of Nrf2 ameliorating colitis in rats
Authors: Kang Changyu , Jeong Seongkeun , Kim Jaejeong , Ju Sanghyun , Im Eunok , Heo Gwangbeom , Park Soyeong , Yoo Jin‐Wook , Lee Juho , Yoon In‐Soo , Jung Yunjin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractN‐Acetylserotonin (NAS) is an intermediate in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. We investigated the anti‐inflammatory activity of NAS by focusing on its chemical feature oxidizable to an electrophile. NAS was readily oxidized by reaction with HOCl, an oxidant produced in the inflammatory state. HOCl‐reacted NAS (Oxi‐NAS), but not NAS, activated the anti‐inflammatory nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 pathway in cells. Chromatographic and mass analyses demonstrated that Oxi‐NAS was the iminoquinone form of NAS and could react with N‐acetylcysteine possessing a nucleophilic thiol to form a covalent adduct. Oxi‐NAS bound to Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1, resulting in Nrf2 dissociation. Moreover, rectally administered NAS increased the levels of nuclear Nrf2 and HO‐1 proteins in the inflamed colon of rats. Simultaneously, NAS was converted to Oxi‐NAS in the inflamed colon. Rectal NAS mitigated colonic damage and inflammation. The anticolitic effects were significantly compromised by the coadministration of an HO‐1 inhibitor.
Efficient estimation of tuned liquid column damper inerter (TLCDI) parameters for seismic control of base‐isolated structures
Authors: Masnata Chiara , Di Matteo Alberto , Adam Christoph , Pirrotta Antonina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an enhanced base‐isolation (BI) system equipped with a novel passive control device composed of a tuned liquid damper and an inerter (TLCDI). With the aim of reducing the seismic response of BI systems, this contribution focuses on the design of the TLCDI providing analytical solutions for the optimal TLCDI parameters, easily implementable in the design phase. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of seismic response reduction and computational gain is validated by comparison with classical numerical optimization techniques. The control performance of two different base‐isolated TLCDI‐controlled structures is assessed by employing real‐ground motion records, and relevant comparisons with both uncontrolled base‐isolated structures and equipped with a conventional TLCD are presented.
Importance of aspartyl protease 5 in the establishment of the intracellular niche during acute and chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Dogga Sunil Kumar , Lunghi Matteo , Maco Bohumil , Li Jiagui , Claudi Beatrice , Marq Jean‐Baptiste , Chicherova Natalia , Kockmann Tobias , Bumann Dirk , Hehl Adrian B. , Soldati‐Favre Dominique , Hammoudi Pierre‐Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVirulence and persistence of the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii involve the secretion of effector proteins belonging to the family of dense granule proteins (GRAs) that act notably as modulators of the host defense mechanisms and participate in cyst wall formation. The subset of GRAs residing in the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) or exported into the host cell, undergo proteolytic cleavage in the Golgi upon the action of the aspartyl protease 5 (ASP5). In tachyzoites, ASP5 substrates play central roles in the morphology of the PV and the export of effectors across the translocon complex MYR1/2/3. Here, we used N‐terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates to identify novel ASP5 cleavage products by comparing the N‐terminome of wild‐type and Δasp5 lines in tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Validated substrates reside within the PV or PVM in an ASP5‐dependent manner. Remarkably, Δasp5 bradyzoites are impaired in the formation of the cyst wall in vitro and exhibit a considerably reduced cyst burden in chronically infected animals. More specifically two‐photon serial tomography of infected mouse brains revealed a comparatively reduced number and size of the cysts throughout the establishment of persistence in the absence of ASP5.
Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for a greater frequency of early satiation and diarrhea at one and three years: Two prospective longitudinal population‐based studies
Authors: Koloski Natasha A. , Jones Michael , Walker Marjorie M. , Horowitz Michael , Holtmann Gerald , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychological and lifestyle factors have been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in individuals with diabetes mellitus, but it remains unclear whether they explain the relationship over time. We aimed to determine in two independent population‐based studies whether diabetes is an independent risk factor for GI symptoms at a 1‐ and 3‐year follow‐up, adjusting for these factors.MethodsIn study 1, 1900 individuals completed a baseline and 1‐year follow‐up survey, while in study 2, 1322 individuals completed a baseline and 3‐year follow‐up survey. Both studies asked about self‐reported diagnoses of diabetes and GI symptoms over the previous 3 months. Psychological, lifestyle factors (body mass index [BMI], smoking) and age and sex were assessed.Key ResultsThe baseline prevalence of diabetes was 7.8% in Survey 1 and 8.9% in Survey 2. In a multivariate model that included age, sex, BMI, anxiety, depression and smoking status at follow‐up, reporting diabetes at baseline was an independent predictor of at least weekly early satiation (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05, 2.39,p = 0.03; OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.14, 2.45,p = 0.009), fecal urgency (OR 1.44,95% CI 1.06, 1.95,p = 0.02; OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.47, 3.22,p = 0.0001), > 3 bowel motions a day (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.08, 2.07,p = 0.02; OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.11, 2.51,p = 0.01), and loose stools (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04, 1.90,p = 0.03; OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.13, 2.51,p = 0.01) at the 1‐ and 3‐year follow‐ups, respectively.Conclusions & InferencesDiabetes is an independent risk factor for a greater frequency of early satiation and diarrhea, adjusting for lifestyle and psychological factors.
Congenital mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia and associated diseases
Authors: Wang Weihong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoronoid process hyperplasia (CPH) is an oral and maxillofacial surgical disease that can result in restricted jaw movement due to an enlarged and elongated mandibular coronoid process. It is characterized by the painless progressive restriction of unilaterally or bilaterally mouth opening. Clinically, unexplained bilateral CPH is less common and therefore often overlooked or misdiagnosed, and coronoidectomy can be very effective on improving mouth opening. Currently, the exact etiology and mechanism of congenital CPH have not yet been fully understood, but it is generally believed to be genetically related. In this paper, the relationship of the congenital mandibular CPH with the related diseases was examined based on cases collected in our clinic and literature review for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with restricted mouth opening associated with CPH.
THE PERISHABLE MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE PONTIC STEPPE SCYTHIANS: SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF A FOURTH‐CENTURY BC KURGAN BURIAL AT BULHAKOVO, UKRAINE
Authors: Daragan Marina , Leontyev Leonid , Radivojević Miljana , Brandt Luise Ørsted , Vanden Berghe Ina , Gleba Margarita 
Published: October 2022

SummaryUsing the organic artefacts from the fourth‐century BC grave at Bulhakovo in southern Ukraine, this article discusses the economics of the perishable material culture of the Scythians of the Pontic Steppe region. Thanks to the survival of organic materials (wood, leather, textiles), the burial provides important information about the complex networks of production and exchange that existed in European Scythia. Scientific analyses produced new data regarding materials and techniques used for the production of wooden, leather and textile objects, providing an opportunity for a more nuanced discussion of their production and consumption.
Causes of hypercapnic respiratory failure and associated in‐hospital mortality
Authors: Chung Yewon , Garden Frances L. , Marks Guy B. , Vedam Hima 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHypercapnic respiratory failure (HRF) can occur due to severe respiratory disease but also because of multiple coexistent causes. There are few data on the prevalence of antecedent causes for HRF and the effect of these causes on prognosis, especially where study inclusion has not been biased with respect to primary diagnosis, interventions received or clinical outcome. We sought to determine the prevalence of pre‐specified conditions among patients with HRF and to determine the effect of these causes on in‐hospital mortality.MethodsCross‐sectional study of patients with HRF from 2013 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were PaCO2 >45 mm Hg and pH ≤7.45. Causes of interest were identified using diagnosis codes from hospital records. We used directed acyclic graphs to inform logistic regression models for the outcome of in‐hospital death.ResultsWe identified 873 persons with HRF in the study period. Mean (SD) age was 69 years and 50.4% were males. Acidosis (pH <7.35) was present in 488 (55%) cases. Most (83%) had one or more of the following: obstructive lung disease, lower respiratory tract infection, congestive cardiac failure, sleep disordered breathing, neuromuscular disease, opioid or benzodiazepine use. In‐hospital mortality was 12.8%. Obstructive lung disease and cardiac failure were associated with a lower risk of death, whereas respiratory tract infection and neuromuscular disease were associated with increased risk of death.ConclusionHRF is associated with a range of potentially causative conditions, which significantly impact hospital survival. Systematic evaluation of patients with HRF may increase detection of treatable comorbidities.
Does the presence of oral health teams influence the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia and mortality of patients in intensive care units? Systematic review
Authors: de Araújo Elza Cristina Farias , da Silva Rênnis Oliveira , Raymundo Maria Letícia Barbosa , Vieira Thiago Isidro , de Sousa Simone Alves , Santiago Bianca Marques , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo verify whether oral health teams influence the oral health status, ventilator‐associated pneumonia incidence and mortality rate of patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU).Materials and MethodsBibliographic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Embase, Livivo, Open Grey, Academic Google, and Cochrane databases. The assessment of the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies and a random‐effects meta‐analysis to summarize relative risk data for ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality were performed. An analysis of the certainty of the evidence was performed for the main outcomes analyzed.ResultsRecords of 518 studies were analyzed by reading titles and abstracts. Five studies were included according to eligibility criteria. The meta‐analysis showed that ICU patients undergoing dental care by an oral health team had a lower incidence of VAP (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 014–0.76) but did not lower mortality rates (OR = 0.46 95% CI: 0.16–1.32). The certainty of the evidence was considered very low.ConclusionDental care provided by oral health teams in a hospital environment did not influence oral health status or mortality, although it contributed to a reduction in VAP of patients admitted to the ICU.
Quantifying visual acuity of Terrapene carolina triunguis utilizing optokinetic response
Authors: Guan Jimmy , Cameron D. Joshua , Eng Curtis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveQuantify visual acuity of a semi‐aquatic turtle species, Terrapene carolina triunguis (three‐toed box turtles), utilizing optokinetic response/reflex/nystagmus.MethodsTen turtles were placed on a custom platform and an image of white and black gratings of varying sized widths was projected onto a white screen in front of the turtles. Optokinetic response (OKR) was observed through a web camera as well as physically by an observer. The grating sizes were decreased until OKR could not be elicited. The size of grating was recorded and was used to calculate visual acuity.ResultsThe average visual acuity was 0.26 cycle per degree (cpd) with the highest recorded value being 0.43 cpd and lowest being 0.15 cpd. Neither sex nor weight were significantly associated with visual acuity (p = .24 and .98, respectively).ConclusionsVisual acuity of these semi‐aquatic turtles was much lower than previously reported visual acuities of aquatic turtles. This could be due to differences in refractive indices between water and air, behavioral adaptations for the different species and/or method of obtaining visual acuity.