bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity and Academic Achievement among Omdurman Islamic University Medical Students 2021
Authors: Abdelrahman Mohammed Ahmed , Abuelgasim Alaa , Hassan Marouf Hiba Allah , Alalim Abrar Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity is important for the prevention of non-communicable diseases and for growth, development and general health.there is evidence that has emerged from university studies suggesting, that physical activity may have a positive effect on student’s academic achievement.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement among Omdurman Islamic University Medical Students in 2021.Materials and methodsA des sectional University based study done on faculty of medicine in Omdurman Islamic university. The sample of 295 medical students was taken from the first, second and third year in the Faculty of Medicine in Omdurman Islamic University who studied during the academic years of 2018-2019. The students are between the ages of 18-23 years old and are physically healthy (both active and inactive candidates).A systematic random technique sample was taken from the students during the year 2020.Data Collected through a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire The data was coded and analyzed by a statistician using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.Resultsshows that most students (56.3%) were physically active and the most types of physical activity practiced by the physically active students were walking (42.8%) and play football (25.9%)), and the barriers of being physically active among those physically inactive students were the study load in most of the students (22.4%). the results indicate that there is no direct association between physical activity and academic achievement (P value= o.7).ConclusionMany factors overlap in affecting the academic achievement of students, some of them have a great effect, while student’s physical activity level appears have a lesser effect.RecommendationsExpanding the study to include a number of universities and majors with a recommendation for Omdurman Islamic University to include the importance of physical activity in its curricula.Conflict of interestNo conflict of interest.
Multilocus typing ofLachancea thermotoleransfor wine fermentation monitoring
Authors: Vicente Javier , Navascués Eva , Benito Santiago , Marquina Domingo , Santos Antonio 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTClimate change is causing a lack of acidity during winemaking and oenologists use several solutions to cope with such a problem.Lachancea thermotolerans, which has the potential to tolerate the harsh physicochemical conditions of wine, has emerged as a promising alternative for pH management during winemaking and, currently, it is the most valuable yeast used for acidity control in wine. In this work an amenable method forL. thermotoleransgenotyping based on a multiplexed microsatellite amplification in 6 different loci was developed. This specific and sensitive method was used to distinguish between 103 collection strains obtained from different geographical and isolation sources, and then challenged against a 429L. thermotoleransisolates from several wineries and harvests. The procedure was also tested for fermentation monitoring and strain implantation. The procedure was conceived to simplify the methodology available forL. thermotoleransgenotyping, making it easy for applying in wine-related laboratories. This method can be applied to distinguish betweenL. thermotoleransstrains in selection programs and to follow implantation of inoculated strains during winemaking with optimal results.
Yew Chian Haw: the internationalization journey of a developing country’s small-medium enterprise
Authors: Tham Siew Yean , Goh Soo Khoon , Teoh Ai Ping 
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes
(i) To determine the push and pull factors for a developing country SME to internationalize via exports. (ii) To evaluate the use of social networks in the internationalization journey of Yew Chian Haw (YCH). (iii) To analyse how a developing country SME adapts to local conditions in order to sustain and grow the business in a foreign country.

Case overview/synopsis
Yew Chian Haw (YCH) was a small and medium enterprise (SME) producing herbal and healthcare products in Penang, Malaysia. This case study traced the company's internationalization journey, focusing on how the owner used his social networks based on common ethnic ties and language to penetrate the external markets by establishing trading companies in each of his export destinations, from Singapore to Hong Kong and later to Taiwan and China. These internationalization activities also helped him cultivate deeper local networks and enhance his business opportunities in each investment destination. The social network approach has important implications for SME firms such as YCH. The network strength helped to overcome entry barriers to foreign markets and enabled YCH to tap into local complementary resources such as local networks to sustain the internationalization process. Yew’s successful internationalization journey prompted him to focus on the external market for his company’s herbal soup products. But now he must decide whether to continue the internationalization journey in the existing external markets he has penetrated or to expand towards other markets such as Northeast Asian markets like Japan and Korea, as these countries have high income and purchasing power. However, Yew has no extensive social network in both countries, especially in terms of ethnic ties and common language. Yew therefore, had a dilemma: should he just continue expanding the existing external markets he has successfully penetrated, or should he move forward and seek to enter new markets where his current social networks may be weak or non-existent?

Complexity academic level
This case study is relevant for DBA, MBA, Master and undergraduate (International Business and Business Economics) students

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 5: International Business
Yun Dong Jia: find a silver lining on “cloud” during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Caleb Huanyong , Li Yuen Wah , Chan Allan K.K. , Huang Yilin 
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes
This case provides detailed information about digital technologies and business practices that may help offline retailers catch up with the trend of new retail. After studying the case and working on the assignment questions, students will be able to:▪ Understand new features of smart cash registers, including facial-recognition payment, purchase-sales-inventory management, customer profile and store management, which all are important for the long-term development of the retail business in the age of “new retail”.▪ Identify opportunities, practices and impacts of digital technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence, on contemporary retail businesses.▪ Identify problems of traditional retail and suggest solutions by applying the concepts and tools learned above.▪ Apply digital marketing approaches and tools (e.g., social media, livestreaming and online word-of-mouth) to design marketing campaigns; students should include basic elements such as the 6Ms for effective marketing communications (market, mission, message, media, money and measure).

Case overview/synopsis
This case describes difficult situations facing Leo Shoudong Pan, the founder and CEO of Yun Dong Jia Technologies Co Ltd (YDJ), in marketing communications. With a motto of “Making it easy to open stores anywhere”, YDJ develops and sells smart cash registers, which provide a self-developed operating system and cloud computing services. Pan targets small and micro retailers, who are technology laggards when digital transitions had swept the world. His goal is to build a network of 100,000 pieces of smart cash registers across China, but he has only sold 8,000 pieces since he founded YDJ in 2016. He must make a breakthrough in the business. To drive leads and sales, he feels the urgency of conducting effective marketing communications with target customers and enhance their understanding on the value that YDJ creates for them. Monetary incentives are tangible but not yet fully demonstrated YDJ’s value. With the traditional retail approach, brick-and-mortar stores, especially those small-scaled ones, are not able to meet the market change; instead, they must adopt digital techniques to catch up with the trend of new retail, which is necessary for a long-term business development rather than just a temporary measure during the Covid-19 pandemic. Pan must craft more compelling messages. What customer value should be chosen as incentives to motivate the target market? How to conduct effective marketing communications correspondingly?

Complexity academic level
Senior undergraduate; Postgraduate; MBA; EMBA.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Exploration versus exploitation: how interorganizational power dependence influences SME product innovation? An empirical study in China
Authors: Wu Zhengyang , Yang Feng , Wei Fangqing 
Published: December 2022

PurposeInterorganizational power dependence has become an increasingly important factor for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve product innovation. This paper examines the role of power dependence in SMEs' product innovation trade-offs between exploration and exploitation. The article further studies the mediating effect of supply chain adaptability and the moderating effect of knowledge acquisition on the relationship between power dependence and product innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a model to verify the impact of power dependence on SMEs' product innovation trade-offs based on social network theory. Two conceptually independent constructs, “availability of alternatives (ALTRN)” and “restraint in the use of power (RSPTW),” are used to evaluate the power dependence. The model also analyzed how these effects are mediated by supply chain adaptability and moderated by knowledge acquisition. The authors test these relationships using data collected from 224 SMEs in China.FindingsThe empirical analysis shows that ALTRN has a more substantial effect on exploration for product innovation, while RSTPW has a more significant impact on exploitation for product innovation. Moreover, empirical data indicate a partial mediating effect by supply chain adaptability between power dependence and product innovation of SMEs. The results also show that knowledge acquisition positively moderates the relationship between ALTRN/RSTPW, supply chain adaptability and product innovation.Originality/valueOverall, the findings of the study advance the understanding of the roles of power dependence in product innovation for SMEs. In addition, the research also uncovers the impact mechanisms of existing theoretical frameworks and extends the boundaries of the theory.
Investigating the determinants of performance of artificial intelligence adoption in hospitality industry during COVID-19
Authors: Chen Yuangao , Hu Yuqing , Zhou Shasha , Yang Shuiqing 
Published: December 2022

PurposeDrawing on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, this study aims to investigate determinants of performance of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in hospitality industry during COVID-19 and identifies the relative importance of each determinant.Design/methodology/approachA two-stage approach that integrates partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with artificial neural network (ANN) is used to analyze survey data from 290 managers in the hospitality industry.FindingsThe empirical results reveal that perceived AI risk, management support, innovativeness, competitive pressure and regulatory support significantly influence the performance of AI adoption. Additionally, the ANN results show that competitive pressure and management support are two of the strongest determinants.Practical implicationsThis research offers guidelines for hospitality managers to enhance the performance of AI adoption and presents policy-making insights to promote and support organizations to benefit from the adoption of AI technology.Originality/valueThis study conceptualizes the performance of AI adoption from both process and firm levels and examines its determinants based on the TOE framework. By adopting an innovative approach combining PLS-SEM and ANN, the authors not only identify the essential performance determinants of AI adoption but also determine their relative importance.
Public perceptions of governance and tax evasion: insights from developed and developing economies
Authors: Nimer Khalil , Bani-Mustafa Ahmed , AlQudah Anas , Alameen Mamoon , Hassanein Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how the role of the perception of good public governance reduces tax evasion (TE). Besides, this study investigates whether the nexus of public governance and TE differs between developed and developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach
Apart from the ordinary least squares (OLS) model, this study uses the linear mixed modeling technique. The World Governance Indicators and the multiple causes estimation (MIMIC) method are used to measure public governance. The shadow economy is used as a proxy for TE.

Findings
The results show that people's perceptions of public governance and the quality of government institutions are core elements that influence tax-evasion behavior. Besides, the rule of law (RoL) and political stability (PS) significantly impact tax-evasion behavior in developing countries. Nevertheless, the RoL, the control of corruption and PS are the most critical tax-evasion determinants among public governance indicators for developed countries. Regulatory quality shows a substantial positive relationship with TE in developed but not developing countries.

Practical implications
This paper provides a guide for policymakers on reducing tax-evasion behavior by paying more attention to maintaining the RoL and PS and fighting corruption. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of people's perceptions of the government's pursuit of the above policy-related improvements, which, in turn, affect their tax behavior.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the role of people's perceptions of improvements in public governance and how this can reduce TE behavior in developed and developing economies. Unlike prior studies, this study used the linear mixed model method, which is more advantageous than OLS and produces robust estimators.
Earnings management: Are men from Mars and women from Venus?
Authors: Kumar Sonal , Ravi Rahul 
Published: December 2022

PurposeResearch on gender and finance finds that women chief executive officers (CEOs) are relatively risk-averse and more ethical than their male counterparts. These differences are often presented as reasons for lower earnings management by firms led by women. A strand of contrasting literature however finds the notions of women being risk-averse and ethical not necessarily true for women occupying top leadership positions as women successful in shattering the glass ceiling adopt behaviors like men. This study attempts to understand the differences between the ethical tendencies of the two genders by examining if CEO power impacts the relation between CEO gender and earnings management.Design/methodology/approachThe authors begin the analysis using standard regressions using the propensity score matched (PSM) samples and examine if CEO power mediates or amplifies relationship between CEO gender and earnings management. The authors use ordinary least squares (OLS) regression approach and instrumental variables (IV) estimation to address the endogeneity concerns.FindingsThis study’s results suggest that the relationship between CEO gender and earnings management is mediated by CEO power. The authors find that women CEOs with lower power engage in lower earnings management. However, women CEOs with more power tend to engage in greater levels of earnings management than their male counterparts.Originality/valueThis study contributes the finance literature by showing women leaders successful in occupying top leadership positions are not necessarily more risk averse and more ethical. Less powerful women CEOs are subjected to potentially higher levels of scrutiny and are forced into an environment where they have to be seen as ethical. However, powerful women face the same concerns as their male counterparts and not necessarily more ethical.
Methylarsenite is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic disrupting cell wall biosynthesis and cell membrane potential
Authors: Huang Ke , Liu Wei , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMethylarsenite (MAs(III)), a product of arsenic biomethylation or bioreduction of methylarsenate (MAs(V)), has been proposed as a primitive antibiotic. However, the antibacterial property and the bactericidal mechanism of MAs(III) remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that MAs(III) is highly toxic to 14 strains of bacteria, especially against 9 strains of Gram‐positive bacteria with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the sub micromolar range for Staphyloccocus aureus, Microbacterium sp., Pseudarthrobacter siccitolerans and several Bacillus species. In a co‐culture of B. subtilis 168 and MAs(III)‐producer Enterobacter sp. CZ‐1, the later reduced non‐toxic MAs(V) to highly toxic MAs(III) to kill the former and gain a competitive advantage. MAs(III) induced autolysis of B. subtilis 168. Deletion of the autolysins LytC, LytD, LytE, and LytF suppressed MAs(III)‐induced autolysis in B. subtilis 168. Transcriptomic analysis showed that MAs(III) downregulated the expression of the major genes involved in the biosynthesis of the cell wall peptidoglycan. Overexpression of an UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase gene murAA alleviated MAs(III)‐induced autolysis in B. subtilis 168. MAs(III) disrupted the membrane potential of B. subtilis 168 and caused severe membrane damage. The results suggest that MAs(III) is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic preferentially against Gram‐positive bacteria by disrupting the cell wall biosynthesis pathway and cell membrane potential.
Efficacy of Pneumatophorus japonicus meat as an iron fortificant in whole‐wheat flour in preventing iron deficiency
Authors: Tan Beibei , Sun Bolun , Yang Changjie , Li Chao , Zhang Jinjie , Yang Wenge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health concern affecting one‐third of the world's population, particularly those dominated by plant‐based food. Fortifying staple foods with iron has been an effective strategy for preventing IDA. Pneumatophorus japonicus is an essential economic fish in China. Pneumatophorus japonicus dark meat is usually underutilized as a byproduct, though it contains bounteous nutrients, including heme iron (10.50 mg/100 g). This study aimed to investigate the iron bioavailability of P. japonicus dark meat and to evaluate its potential as an iron fortifier for whole‐wheat flour, a typical staple food, using an in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell culture system. Our results suggested the excellent iron bioavailability of P. japonicus dark meat in comparison with beef (a heme dietary iron reference), whole‐wheat flour (a non‐heme dietary iron reference), and FeSO4 (a conventional iron supplement). The addition of P. japonicus dark meat notably enhanced iron solubility, bioavailability, and protein digestibility of whole‐wheat flour. The flour‐dark meat mixture yielded 1.96 times the iron bioavailability compared to beef per gram. The iron bioavailability was further improved by adding vitamin C, a commonly used dietary factor, at the Vc/iron mass ratio of 2:100‐5:100. Our findings reveal the promise of P. japonicus dark meat as a significant source of bioavailable iron, providing a basis for developing fish byproducts as alternatives for iron supplementation.Practical ApplicationThis study investigated the iron bioavailability of Pneumatophorus japonicus meat using in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell culture system. These results could be used to improve the utilization of Pneumatophorus japonicus byproduct (dark meat) and develop the potential of the byproduct as an iron fortifier for whole‐wheat flour.
Mechanisms of the different effects of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and a glucose–fructose mixture on wheat starch gelatinization, pasting, and retrogradation
Authors: Woodbury Travest J. , Pitts Sarah L. , Pilch Adrianna M. , Smith Paige , Mauer Lisa J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe gelatinization, pasting, and retrogradation of starch influence texture, quality, and shelf‐life attributes of many foods. The purpose of this work was to document the effects of a 50:50 glucose:fructose (glc:fru) mixture and sucrose solutions on these starch traits to provide a fundamental basis to explain the different texture and shelf‐life attributes of baked goods formulated with these sugars. Differential scanning calorimetry, rapid visco analyzer, and oscillatory rheometry were used to quantify the effects of glucose, fructose, glc:fru mixture, and sucrose at different concentrations (0% to 60% w/w), on the gelatinization temperature, pasting, and retrogradation properties of wheat starch. Distinct differences were found between the effects of sucrose and those of the monosaccharides including the glc:fru mixture. Sucrose elevated Tgel and pasting temperature most and decreased other RVA parameters compared to the monosaccharides as concentration increased. Fructose and the glc:fru mixture promoted amylopectin retrogradation, while retrogradation was inhibited in sucrose and glucose solutions. The glc:fru mixture had similar effects on starch properties compared to fructose under static measurement conditions (DSC), and the effects were in between those of glucose and fructose under dynamic conditions when shear was applied (RVA and rheology). These effects are explained by the phase separation and/or solute partitioning of the monosaccharide constituents of the glc:fru mixture. Sugar solution physicochemical properties correlated strongly with starch gelatinization and retrogradation. The results substantiate the important relationship between sugar physicochemical properties and solution dynamics with starch thermal properties, which in turn affect the texture and structure of starch‐containing food products.Practical ApplicationThe quality attributes of starch‐containing baked goods are influenced by how different amounts and types of sugars affect starch cooking properties. The underlying mechanisms of the different sugar effects involve solution viscosity, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and phase separation. Substituting one sugar for another has less effect on these starch properties in products with lower sugar concentrations than in products with more sugar. Mixtures of sugars behave differently than single sugars in different conditions due to phase separation. Baked goods made with glucose:fructose mixtures in place of sucrose likely have higher amounts of gelatinized starch and increased firmness (i.e., staling or retrogradation) over time.