bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holographic models of composite Higgs in the Veneziano limit. Part II. Fermionic sector
Authors: Elander Daniel , Frigerio Michele , Knecht Marc , Kneur Jean-Loïc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We continue our study of strongly-coupled, approximately scale-invariant gauge theories with a large number of flavours, which provide a suitable ultraviolet completion of the composite-Higgs scenario. We identify the requisite operators to realise partial compositeness of the Standard-Model fermions. In order to compute the spectrum of composite fermionic states, we extend the bottom-up holographic models, which we previously introduced to capture the main features of the non-perturbative dynamics in the Veneziano limit, by adding fermion fields in the bulk. We identify regions in parameter space where some fermionic bound states become light, depending in particular on the number of flavours, the operator scaling dimensions, and the bulk Yukawa couplings. We also observe a dense spectrum of states, when multi-scale dynamics is induced by a large backreaction of bulk scalars on the geometry. Adapting the formalism of the holographic Wilsonian renormalisation group, we study the linear coupling between the composite and elementary fermions, as a function of energy scale. We find that, in some circumstances, the associated operators are dangerously irrelevant: the renormalisation-group flow gives rise to a large linear coupling in the infrared, even when it is irrelevant from the point of view of the ultraviolet fixed point. We finally compute the partially composite spectrum, correlate it with the analysis of the flow, and assess the potential phenomenological implications, e.g. for the top-quark partners.
3d dualities with decoupled sectors and brane transitions
Authors: Kubo Naotaka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We find exact relations among the sphere partition functions of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal Chern-Simons theories with circular quiver diagrams. These relations suggest new dualities in gauge theories which are the products of circular quiver gauge theories and decoupled linear quiver gauge theories. The dualities can be interpreted as simple brane transitions in the Hanany-Witten brane construction in type IIB string theory. Interestingly, the brane transitions cannot be generated by the Hanany-Witten transition or the SL (2, ℤ) transformation. Our results can be regarded as generalization and clarification of dualities implied from Weyl group symmetries of quantum curves. To obtain the exact results, we employ the supersymmetric localization technique and the Fermi gas approach.
Spin-Ruijsenaars, q-Deformed Haldane–Shastry and Macdonald Polynomials
Authors: Lamers Jules , Pasquier Vincent , Serban Didina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study the -analogue of the Haldane–Shastry model, a partially isotropic (xxz-like) long-range spin chain that by construction enjoys quantum-affine (really: quantum-loop) symmetries at finite system size. We derive the pairwise form of the Hamiltonian, found by one of us building on work of D. Uglov, via ‘freezing’ from the affine Hecke algebra. To this end we first obtain explicit expressions for the spin-Macdonald operators of the (trigonometric) spin-Ruijsenaars model. Through freezing these give rise to the higher Hamiltonians of the spin chain, including another Hamiltonian of the opposite ‘chirality’. The sum of the two chiral Hamiltonians has a real spectrum also when$$|\mathsf {q}|=1$$|q|=1, so in particular when is a root of unity. For generic$$\mathsf {q}$$qthe eigenspaces are known to be labelled by ‘motifs’. We clarify the relation between these patterns and the corresponding degeneracies (multiplicities) in the crystal limit$$\textsf {q}\rightarrow \infty $$q→∞. For each motif we obtain an explicit expression for the exact eigenvector, valid for generic , that has (‘pseudo’ or ‘l-’) highest weight in the sense that, in terms of the operators from the monodromy matrix, it is an eigenvector ofAand Dand annihilated byC. It has a simple component featuring the ‘symmetric square’ of the -Vandermonde polynomial times a Macdonald polynomial—or more precisely its quantum spherical zonal special case. All other components of the eigenvector are obtained from this through the action of the Hecke algebra, followed by ‘evaluation’ of the variables to roots of unity. We prove that our vectors have highest weight upon evaluation. Our description of the exact spectrum is complete. The entire model, including the quantum-loop action, can be reformulated in terms of polynomials. Our main tools are theY-operators from the affine Hecke algebra. From a more mathematical perspective the key step in our diagonalisation is as follows. We show that on a subspace of suitable polynomials the first M‘classical’ (i.e. no difference part)Y-operators inNvariables reduce, upon evaluation as above, toY-operators inMvariables with parameters at the quantum zonal spherical point.
Prevalence of occult nodal metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Borsetto Daniele , Vijendren Ananth , Franchin Giovanni , Donnelly Neil , Axon Patrick , Smith Matthew , Masterson Liam , Bance Manohar , Saratziotis Athanasios , Polesel Jerry , Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Tysome James 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Primary: To determine the rate of occult cervical metastases in primary temporal bone squamous cell carcinomas (TBSSC). Secondary: to perform a subgroup meta-analysis of the risk of occult metastases based on the clinical stage of the tumour and its risk based on corresponding levels of the neck.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of papers searched through Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science up to November 2021 to determine the pooled rate of occult lymph node/parotid metastases. Quality assessment of the included studies was assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Results
Overall, 13 out of 3301 screened studies met the inclusion criteria, for a total of 1120 patients of which 550 had TBSCC. Out of the 267 patients who underwent a neck dissection, 33 had positive lymph nodes giving a pooled rate of occult metastases of 14% (95% CI 10–19%). Occult metastases rate varied according to Modified Pittsburg staging system, being 0% (0–16%) among 12 pT1, 7% (2–20%) among 43 pT2 cases, 21% (11–38%) among 45 pT3, and 18% (11–27%) among 102 pT4 cases. Data available showed that most of the positive nodes were in Level II.

Conclusion
The rate of occult cervical metastases in TBSCC increases with pathological T category with majority of nodal disease found in level II of the neck.
Stochastic quantization associated with the $$\exp (\Phi )_2$$-quantum field model driven by space-time white noise on the torus in the full $$L^1$$-regime
Authors: Hoshino Masato , Kawabi Hiroshi , Kusuoka Seiichiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present paper is a continuation of our previous work (Hoshino et al., J Evol Equ 21:339–375, 2021) on the stochastic quantization of the $$\exp (\Phi )_2$$

exp

(
Φ
)

2

-quantum field model on the two-dimensional torus. Making use of key properties of Gaussian multiplicative chaos and refining the method for singular SPDEs introduced in the previous work, we construct a unique time-global solution to the corresponding parabolic stochastic quantization equation in the full “$$L^{1}$$

L
1

-regime” $$\vert \alpha \vert <\sqrt{8\pi }$$

|
α
|
<

8
π

of the charge parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. We also identify the solution with an infinite-dimensional diffusion process constructed by the Dirichlet form approach.
A scaling calculus for the design and initialization of ReLU networks
Authors: Defazio Aaron , Bottou Léon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a system for calculating a “scaling constant” for layers and weights of neural networks. We relate this scaling constant to two important quantities that relate to the optimizability of neural networks, and argue that a network that is “preconditioned” via scaling, in the sense that all weights have the same scaling constant, will be easier to train. This scaling calculus results in a number of consequences, among them the fact that the geometric mean of the fan-in and fan-out, rather than the fan-in, fan-out, or arithmetic mean, should be used for the initialization of the variance of weights in a neural network. Our system allows for the off-line design & engineering of ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks, potentially replacing blind experimentation. We verify the effectiveness of our approach on a set of benchmark problems.
$$\displaystyle L^{\infty }$$-truncation of closed differential forms
Authors: Schiffer Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that for each closed differential form $$\displaystyle u \in L^1(\mathbb {R}^N;(\mathbb {R}^N)^{*} \wedge ... \wedge (\mathbb {R}^N)^{*})$$

u
∈

L
1

(

R

N

;

(

R

N

)

∗

∧
.
.
.
∧

(

R

N

)

∗

)

, which is almost in $$\displaystyle L^{\infty }$$

L
∞

in the sense that $$\begin{aligned} \int _{\{y \in \mathbb {R}^N :\vert u(y) \vert \ge L \}} \vert u(y) \vert dy< \varepsilon \end{aligned}$$

∫

{
y
∈

R

N

:
|
u

(
y
)

|
≥
L
}

|
u

(
y
)

|

d
y
<
ε

for some $$\displaystyle L>0$$

L
>
0

and a small $$\displaystyle \varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

, we may find a closed differential form v, such that $$\displaystyle \Vert u - v \Vert _{L^1}$$

‖
u
-
v
‖

L
1

is again small, and v is, in addition, in $$\displaystyle L^{\infty }$$

L
∞

with a bound on its $$\displaystyle L^{\infty }$$

L
∞

norm depending only on N and L. In particular, the set $$\displaystyle \{ v \ne u\}$$

{
v
≠
u
}

has measure at most $$\displaystyle CL^{-1} \varepsilon .$$

C

L

-
1

ε
.

As an application of this theorem, we are able to prove that the $$\displaystyle \mathcal {A}$$

A

-p-quasiconvex hull of a set does not depend on p. Furthermore, we can prove a classification theorem for $$\displaystyle \mathcal {A}$$

A

-$$\displaystyle \infty $$

∞

-Young measures.
Impact of applying a diabetes risk score in primary care on change in physical activity: a pragmatic cluster randomised trial
Authors: Seidel-Jacobs Esther , Kohl Fiona , Tamayo Miguel , Rosenbauer Joachim , Schulze Matthias B. , Kuss Oliver , Rathmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim
There is little evidence of the impact of diabetes risk scores on individual diabetes risk factors, motivation for behaviour changes and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying a noninvasive diabetes risk score in primary care as component of routine health checks on physical activity and secondary outcomes.

Methods
Cluster randomised trial, in which primary care physicians (PCPs), randomised (1:1) by minimisation, enrolled participants with statutory health insurance without known diabetes, ≥ 35 years of age with a body mass index ≥ 27.0 kg/m2. The German Diabetes Risk Score was applied as add-on to the standard routine health check, conducted in the controls. Primary outcome was the difference in participants’ physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, perceived health, anxiety, depression, and motivation for lifestyle change. Analysis was by intention-to-treat principle using mixed models.

Results
36 PCPs were randomised; remaining 30 PCPs (intervention: n = 16; control: n = 14) recruited 315 participants (intervention: n = 153; controls: n = 162). A slight increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group with an adjusted mean change of 388 (95% confidence interval: − 235; 1011) metabolic equivalents minutes per week. There were no relevant changes in secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
The application of a noninvasive diabetes risk score alone is not effective in promoting physical activity in primary care.
Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03234322, registration date: July 31, 2017).
Online k-taxi via Double Coverage and time-reverse primal-dual
Authors: Buchbinder Niv , Coester Christian , Naor Joseph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider the online k-taxi problem, a generalization of the k-server problem, in which k servers are located in a metric space. A sequence of requests is revealed one by one, where each request is a pair of two points, representing the start and destination of a travel request by a passenger. The goal is to serve all requests while minimizing the distance traveled without carrying a passenger. We show that the classic Double Coverage algorithm has competitive ratio $$2^k-1$$

2
k

-
1

on HSTs, matching a recent lower bound for deterministic algorithms. For bounded depth HSTs, the competitive ratio turns out to be much better and we obtain tight bounds. When the depth is $$d\ll k$$

d
≪
k

, these bounds are approximately $$k^d/d!$$

k
d

/
d
!

. By standard embedding results, we obtain a randomized algorithm for arbitrary n-point metrics with (polynomial) competitive ratio $$O(k^c\Delta ^{1/c}\log _{\Delta } n)$$

O
(

k
c

Δ

1
/
c

log
Δ

n
)

, where $$\Delta $$
Δ
is the aspect ratio and $$c\ge 1$$

c
≥
1

is an arbitrary positive integer constant. The previous known bound was $$O(2^k\log n)$$

O
(

2
k

log
n
)

. For general (weighted) tree metrics, we prove the competitive ratio of Double Coverage to be $$\Theta (k^d)$$

Θ
(

k
d

)

for any fixed depth d, and in contrast to HSTs it is not bounded by $$2^k-1$$

2
k

-
1

. We obtain our results by a dual fitting analysis where the dual solution is constructed step-by-step backwards in time. Unlike the forward-time approach typical of online primal-dual analyses, this allows us to combine information from both the past and the future when assigning dual variables. We believe this method can also be useful for other problems. Using this technique, we also provide a dual fitting proof of the k-competitiveness of Double Coverage for the k-server problem on trees.
Characterization of a New Zinc Fixed-Point Cell for ITS-90 Realization
Authors: Lopardo G. , Dematteis R. , Steur P. P. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new zinc fixed-point cell for the dissemination of International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) was realized at the Italian National Metrological Institute (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, INRiM). This paper presents the results of its characterization, including fabrication details. In particular, immersion effects and influences of impurities on the freezing point of zinc were studied. The new open-type cell was prepared using a high purity sample, chemically analyzed, and the depression of the fixed-point temperature was calculated using the method of Sum of Individual Estimates (SIE). The new cell presents a smaller freezing point depression compared with the national reference for which the Overall Maximum Estimate (OME) method was applied. This behavior was confirmed also by the direct comparison of the two cells. These results provide confidence on the agreement between the experimental comparison and the SIE/OME evaluation. Finally, the improvement of the new zinc cell is reflected also in a lower uncertainty budget for the fixed-point realization.
COVID-19 and corticosteroids: a narrative review
Authors: El-Saber Batiha Gaber , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Saad Hebatallah M. , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt has been reported that corticosteroid therapy was effective in the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and recently in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that mitigate the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia, despite a reduction of viral clearance; corticosteroids inhibit the development of cytokine storm and multi-organ damage. The risk–benefit ratio should be assessed for critical COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, corticosteroid therapy is an effective way in the management of COVID-19, it reduces the risk of complications primarily acute lung injury and the development of ARDS. Besides, corticosteroid therapy mainly dexamethasone and methylprednisolone are effective in reducing the severity of COVID-19 and associated comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorated Iron Accumulation and Apoptosis and Promoted Neuronal Regeneration and Memory/Cognitive Functions in the Hippocampus Induced by Exposure to a Chronic High-Altitude Hypoxia Environment
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Bo , Chen Haotian , Qin Yuhui , Cheng Junying , He Bo , Wan Yixuan , Zhu Dongyong , Gao Fabao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe aimed to explore the protective effects and potential treatment mechanism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in an animal model of chronic exposure in a natural high-altitude hypoxia (HAH) environment. Behavioral alterations were assessed with the Morris water maze test. Iron accumulation in the hippocampus was detected by using DAB enhanced Perls’ staining, MRI, qPCR and colorimetry, respectively. Oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA), apoptosis (Caspase-3), and neural regeneration (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) were detected by using ELISA and western blotting. Neural ultrastructural changes were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that learning and memory performance of rats decreased when exposure to HAH environment. It was followed by iron accumulation, dysfunctional iron metabolism, reduced BDNF and the upregulation of MDA and Caspase-3. TEM confirmed the ultrastructural changes in neurons and mitochondria. EGCG reduced HAH-induced cognitive impairment, iron deposition, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and promoted neuronal regeneration against chronic HAH-mediated neural injury.
Dynamic response and chaotic behavior of a controllable flexible robot
Authors: Ban Caixia , Cai Ganwei , Wei Wei , Peng Sixu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlexible robots with controllable mechanisms have advantages over common tandem robots in vibration magnitude, residual vibration time, working speed, and efficiency. However, abnormal vibration can sometimes occur, affecting their operation. Traditionally only simple mechanisms are considered in studying abnormal vibration, omitting reference to important chaotic phenomena caused by the flexibility of the mechanism rod. In order to better understand the causes of abnormal vibration, our work takes a controllable flexible robot with a complex series-parallel mechanism as a research object and uses a combination of Lagrangian and finite element methods to establish its nonlinear elastic dynamics. The effectiveness of the model is verified by comparing the calculated frequency with the frequency measured in a test. The time-domain diagram, phase diagram, Poincaré map, maximum Lyapunov exponent, and bifurcation diagram of the elastic motion of the robot wrist are studied, and the chaotic phenomena in the system are identified through the phase diagram, Poincaré map, the maximum Lyapunov exponent, and the bifurcation diagram. The relationship between the parameters of the robot motion and the maximum Lyapunov exponent is discussed, including trajectory angular speed and radius. The results show that chaotic behavior exists in the controllable flexible robot and that trajectory angular speed and radius all have an influence on the chaotic motion. Our work provides a theoretical basis for further research on the control and optimal design of flexible robot mechanisms.
Eat AND Study but Wii OR Ski! Differentiating Between ‘Basic’ and ‘Non-basic’ Dimensions in a Multidimensional Index
Authors: Krishnakumar Jaya , Biggeri Mario , Vincenzo Mauro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeasuring and monitoring multidimensional wellbeing have become central issues in international policy debates in recent years. Interpreting heterogeneity in achievement levels across dimensions in terms of individual freedom of choice, and arguing that the degree of substitutability should not only depend on this variation, but also on the typology of dimensions, we propose a Generalized Multidimensional Synthetic index that introduces several layers of flexibility in the aggregation methodology. We classify dimensions into different groups, for example basic and non-basic, and allow for varying substitutability rates within as well as between groups. After examining the theoretical properties of the new index, we perform simulation experiments which highlight the salient features of our index compared to other frequently used indices.
Distributional anchor regression
Authors: Kook Lucas , Sick Beate , Bühlmann Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrediction models often fail if train and test data do not stem from the same distribution. Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization to unseen, perturbed test data is a desirable but difficult-to-achieve property for prediction models and in general requires strong assumptions on the data generating process (DGP). In a causally inspired perspective on OOD generalization, the test data arise from a specific class of interventions on exogenous random variables of the DGP, called anchors. Anchor regression models, introduced by Rothenhäusler et al. (J R Stat Soc Ser B 83(2):215–246, 2021.10.1111/rssb.12398), protect against distributional shifts in the test data by employing causal regularization. However, so far anchor regression has only been used with a squared-error loss which is inapplicable to common responses such as censored continuous or ordinal data. Here, we propose a distributional version of anchor regression which generalizes the method to potentially censored responses with at least an ordered sample space. To this end, we combine a flexible class of parametric transformation models for distributional regression with an appropriate causal regularizer under a more general notion of residuals. In an exemplary application and several simulation scenarios we demonstrate the extent to which OOD generalization is possible.
Dispositional realism without dispositional essences
Authors: Tugby Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDispositional realism, as we shall use the term, is a non-reductive, anti-Humean approach to dispositions which says that natural properties confer certain dispositions as a matter of metaphysical necessity. A strong form of dispositional realism is known as pan-dispositionalism, which is typically interpreted as the view that all natural properties are identical with, or essentially dependent on, dispositions. One of the most serious problems facing pan-dispositionalism is the conceivability objection, and the solution commonly offered by essentialists employs the so-called redescription strategy. In this paper I argue that this orthodox strategy fails in certain cases. This argument, in turn, shows that essentialist forms of dispositional realism are implausible. The discussion points us towards an improved version of dispositional realism. According to this new version, natural properties are not essentially dispositional butnecessarily grounddispositions.