bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower trapezius muscle function in people with and without shoulder and neck pain: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Daniel M. , Li Crystal , Hatchard Nicole , Chang Chien George C. , Alm John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
Shoulder and neck pain are leading causes of disability worldwide. Rotator cuff pathology has strong associations with such pain and is extensively targeted by healthcare practitioners. A dysfunctional lower trapezius muscle has also been shown to contribute to neck and shoulder pain, yet it is often overlooked.

Objectives
This systematic review analyzes those with a history of, or who are currently managing, shoulder or neck pain to indicate differences in measures of lower trapezius function when compared to subjects without that pain.

Methods
Studies with no age restrictions were included in the study. Studies could determine lower trapezius muscle function with any quantifiable measurement tool or clinical assessment. If the study included a control group (no pain) and a comparator group (pain), and if lower trapezius muscle function was assessed in both, the study was typically included. The significance of the lower trapezius muscle function change was summarized in these pain patients. From a final total of 18 studies identified, level of muscle activity, muscle activation, time to onset, muscle strength, and muscle thickness were reported.

Results
The 18 included articles involved 485 participants with shoulder and/or neck pain and 455 without. Half of the shoulder pain studies (6/12), and all of the neck pain studies (6/6), demonstrated that the lower trapezius had a noticeable impact. The lower trapezius muscle in participants with shoulder and neck pain tended to show decreased muscle strength, and decreased time to onset/latency.

Conclusions
The findings from this systematic review should be taken into consideration when assessing and treating patients with shoulder and neck pain. Future studies that define the type and duration of shoulder and neck pain, as well as prospectively assessing lower trapezius muscle function in those with and without that pain, are needed.
Thyroid function tests of iodine deficiency goiter can mimic thyroid hormone resistance alpha
Authors: Sasidharan Pillai Sabitha , Quintos Jose Bernardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Iodine deficiency goiter can develop in children on a restrictive diet and most have normal thyroid function. We report a 6-year-old girl with iodine deficiency goiter with thyroid function studies mimicking thyroid hormone resistance alpha. Thyroid hormones mediate its effects through thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta. Biochemical picture of low/low-normal T4 and high/high-normal T3 levels, variably reduced reverse T3 and normal TSH is characteristic of thyroid hormone resistance alpha.

Case presentation
A 6-year-old girl, born out of non-consanguineous marriage presented with goiter of 1.5 years duration. She was without symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. The patient was evaluated at one year of age for macrocephaly with cranial ultrasound which was normal. She had normal growth and development. Patient was vegan and was not on any medications or supplements. Laboratory work up showed TSH 5.03 uIU/mL (0.34–5.5), FT4 0.3 ng/dL (0.58–1.2), FT3 5.3 pg/mL (2.5–3.9), total T3 258 ng/dL (94–241), reverse T3 <5.0 ng/dL (8.3–22.9) and negative thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody. Thyroglobulin level was 1,098.8 ng/mL (<13 ug/L), and urine iodine 15.8 ug/L (<100 ug/L) confirming a diagnosis of iodine deficiency goiter. Patient was started on iodine supplements, 150 ug daily and repeat work up 3 months later were TSH: 2.717 uIU/mL, T3, total 182 ng/dL, T4, total 9.3 ug/dL, FT 4 2.1 ng/dL.

Conclusions
Iodine deficiency goiter may present with low FT 4, elevated T3 and normal TSH mimicking thyroid hormone resistance alpha and should be considered in children on restrictive diet.
Crystal structure of 2-chloro-6-formylphenolato-κ2O,O′-(6,6′-(((2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenolato)κ4
N,N,O,O′)cobalt(III), C26H22Cl3CoN2O4
Authors: Lan Qiaoling , Huang Meifen , Xu Jiajun , Wu Qiong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
C26H22Cl3CoN2O4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.1835(5) Å, b = 11.6782(5) Å, c = 11.9295(5) Å, α = 83.900(3)°, β = 66.911(4)°, γ = 64.232(4)°, V = 1286.83(11) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0375, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0899, T = 213.0 K.
Characteristics of potassium hydroxide lignin from corn stalk and dhaincha
Authors: Nayeem Jannatun , Tian Chao , Rahman M. Mostafizur , Popy Razia Sultana , Ferdous Taslima , Jahan M. Sarwar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-wood pulping faces environmental and processing problems due to lack of suitable technology. To overcome the challenges, potassium hydroxide pulping was suggested, which can also be integrated with biorefinery. To make a viable biorefinery, all dissolved components need to be utilized. Therefore, in this paper, the dissolved lignin from the potassium hydroxide pulping of corn stalks and dhaincha was isolated and characterized by UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and molecular weight and compared with the corresponding dioxane lignins. 1H-NMR and 2D-NMR indicated that potassium hydroxide pulping cleaved β-O-4 aryl ether linkages, and consequently increased phenolic hydroxyl group and reduced molecular weight. It was found that phenolation is an effective method to improve the reactivity and reduce molecular weight, and thus the lignin from the potassium hydroxide liquor was further phenolated. The penolated lignin showed strong NIR bands at 5970 and 6896 cm−1 for aromatic C-H and phenolic O-H group.
Fact-checking initiatives in Portuguese language countries: checking methods and financing strategies
Authors: Durr Missau Lucas , Storch Laura Strelow 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Fact-checking has been changing in recent years from an initial stage in which fact-checkers were more concerned with political discourse to a stage in which combating misinformation becomes the primary purpose. This work examines more closely the standardizing and the customizing aspects of active fact-checking outlets in Portuguese-speaking countries, focusing on the verification methods and organizational models in use.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on Content Analysis, we collected manually 318 posts during June 2019 from each fact-checking outlets website and then examined each post according to six general concepts: discourse, sources, context, classification, graphic representation, and financing. There were 15 active fact-checking outlets in Brazil (13) and Portugal (2). No active outlets were found in the African countries.

Findings
Although there is room for inventiveness in fact-checking practices, it is restricted to the classification models adopted and the graphic representation demanded by them. Only two largest Portuguese-speaking countries (Brazil and Portugal) have active fact-checking initiatives during the study period. In Mozambique, we found the outlet named Mozcheck that was inactive with no published content during the research period. From our analysis, we detected a pattern between the type of misinformation and the media to which it is most often linked: false information was circulated mainly in texts, while false contexts were mainly circulated in videos and images led to more manipulated content. In addition, in relation to the sources used to verification of the content, we noticed a large volume of posts relied only on sources came from contacts with press offices – this was especially true for political issues.

Practical implications
The analyzed data indicates that the standardization tendencies are related to the connection of these initiatives with traditional media. While the contrasting aspects of the fact-checking practices are related to the classification models and the graphic representation created by the outlets.

Social implications
It indicates that fact-checking outlets is still tied to traditional media in terms of its organizational and institutional business model. Inventiveness and innovation are restricted to the practice of fact-checking conducted by journalists and other professionals.

Originality/value
This is the first study to compare the practice of fact-checking in Portuguese-speaking countries and, besides looking at aspects of journalistic practice, it also seeks to analyze organizational elements of fact-checking outlets.
Ionizing radiation based advanced oxidation process for reactive orange 122 dye degradation and kinetics studies
Authors: Ali Saddaqat , Muneer Majid , Khan Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Alfryyan Nada , Iqbal Munawar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the current study, the degradation of reactive orange 122 (RO 122) dye was carried out under UV and gamma irradiation in presence of H2O2. The effect of variables such as UV exposure time, gamma-ray absorbed dose, initial concentration of dye and oxidant dose were investigated. The removal of 64.10, 58.84 and 55.46 (%) was observed for 50, 100 and 150 (mg/L) dye concentrations, respectively using UV radiation time of 150 (min). The degradation was enhanced to 80.39, 69.95 and 67.01 (%) when UV radiation was employed in the presence of H2O2 (0.5 mL/L) for above concentrations respectively. The degradation was further improved to 97, 92.54 and 81.32 (%) using 5 kGy absorbed dose along with H2O2 (0.5 mL/L). The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 77, 64 and 57 (%) using UV/H2O2 (0.5 mL/L), while 63, 56 and 53 (%) in case of gamma/H2O2 for aforementioned concentrations. The removal efficiency (G-value), dose constants (k), dose indispensable for 50, 90 and 99 (%) degradation (D
0.5, D
0.90, and D
0.99) after the treatment with gamma radiation were determined. The G-value was noted as 0.46–0.0711 for 50–150 mg/L dye concentration for gamma irradiated samples which improved to 0.57–0.1204 for above mentioned concentrations in presence of H2O2. The FTIR analysis showed that all the peaks were disappeared using gamma/H2O2 at 5 kGy absorbed dose except a minor peak of −CO stretching. The degradation mechanism of dye followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. A significant decrease in peak area was observed by the HPLC analysis after treating the dye samples with gamma/H2O2 (0.5 mL/L) at absorbed dose of 5 kGy which has proven the process efficiency for dye degradation.
Some But Not Too Much: Multiparticipant Therapy and Positive Patient Outcomes in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Prusynski Rachel A. , Rundell Sean D. , Pradhan Sujata , Mroz Tracy M. 
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose:
Physical and occupational therapy practices in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) were greatly impacted by the 2019 Medicare Patient-Driven Payment Model (PDPM). Under the PDPM, the practice of multiparticipant therapy—treating more than one patient per therapy provider per session—increased in SNFs, but it is unknown how substituting multiparticipant therapy for individualized therapy may impact patient outcomes. This cross-sectional study establishes baseline relationships between multiparticipant therapy and patient outcomes using pre-PDPM data.

Methods:
We used Minimum Data Set assessments from all short-term Medicare fee-for-service SNF stays in 2018. Using generalized mixed-effects logistic regression adjusted for therapy volume and patient factors, we examined associations between the proportion of minutes of physical and occupational therapy that were received as multiparticipant sessions during the SNF stay and 2 outcomes: community discharge and functional improvement. Multiparticipant therapy minutes as a proportion of total therapy time were categorized as none, low (below the median of 5%), medium (median to <25%), and high (≥25%) to reflect the 25% multiparticipant therapy limit required by the PDPM.

Results and Discussion:
We included 901 544 patients with complete data for functional improvement and 912 996 for the discharge outcome. Compared with patients receiving no multiparticipant therapy, adjusted models found small positive associations between low and medium multiparticipant therapy levels and outcomes. Patients receiving low levels of multiparticipant therapy had 14% higher odds of improving in function (95% CI 1.09-1.19) and 10% higher odds of community discharge (95% CI 1.05-1.15). Patients receiving medium levels of multiparticipant therapy had 18% higher odds of functional improvement (95% CI 1.13-1.24) and 44% higher odds of community discharge (95% CI 1.34-1.55). However, associations disappeared with high levels of multiparticipant therapy.

Conclusions:
Prior to the PDPM, providing up to 25% multiparticipant therapy was an efficient strategy for SNFs that may have also benefitted patients. As positive associations disappeared with high levels (≥25%) of multiparticipant therapy, it may be best to continue delivering the majority of therapy in SNFs as individualized treatment.
Sound-Evoked Responses of Distinct Neuron Classes from the Tail of the Striatum
Authors: Nardoci Matthew B. , Lakunina Anna A. , Henderling Devin C. , Pedregon Jewlyssa C. , Mohn Jennifer L. , Jaramillo Santiago 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven its inputs from auditory structures and neuromodulatory systems, the posterior tail of the striatum is ideally positioned to influence behavioral responses to acoustic stimuli according to context and previous rewards. Results from previous studies indicate that neurons in this striatal region display selective responses to sounds. However, it is not clear whether different striatal cell classes code for distinct features of sounds or how different striatal output pathways may use acoustic information to guide behavior. Here we compared the sound-evoked responses of posterior striatal neurons that form the striatal direct pathway (and express the dopamine receptor D1) to the responses of neighboring neurons in naive mice. We achieved this via optogenetic photo-identification of D1-expressing neurons during extracellular electrophysiological recordings in awake head-fixed mice of both sexes. We found that the frequency tuning of sound-responsive direct-pathway striatal neurons is comparable with that of their sound-responsive neighbors. Moreover, we found that both populations encode amplitude-modulated sounds in a similar fashion. These results suggest that different classes of neurons in the posterior striatum of naive animals have similar access to acoustic features conveyed by the auditory system even outside the context of an auditory task.
Regulation of Diacylglycerol Content in Olfactory Neurons Determines Forgetting or Retrieval of Olfactory Memory inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Arai Mary , Kurokawa Itsuki , Arakane Hoshinosuke , Kitazono Tomohiro , Ishihara Takeshi 
Published: September 2022

Proper management of memories by forgetting and retrieval is essential for animals to adapt their behavior to changing environments. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying forgetting, we use olfactory learning to an attractive odorant, diacetyl, inCaenorhabditis eleganshermaphrodites as a model. In this learning paradigm, the TIR-1/JNK-1 pathway in AWC sensory neurons accelerates forgetting of the olfactory memory, which is stored as a sensory memory trace in AWA sensory neurons. Our genetic screening revealed that increased neuronal diacylglycerol in the olfactory neuronal circuit, by mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-1,egl-30orgoa-1, Gq and Go type G-proteins, suppresses the forgetting defect in the behavior oftir-1mutants, although the calcium imaging analyses of the olfactory neurons revealed that the sensory memory trace to the odorant was maintained. In contrast, the expression of a gain-of-functiongoa-1gene exclusively in AWC neurons caused a forgetting defect in behavior, although their sensory memory trace declined. Furthermore, the behavioral analysis of animals applied with diacylglycerol analog and measurement of diacylglycerol content by fluorescent imaging suggested that diacylglycerol content in AWC is important for the proper forgetting. These findings raise a possibility that diacylglycerol signaling plays a crucial role in determining whether to forget or to recall in olfactory learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTForgetting and retrieval are important processes for proper management of memories, although the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unclear. We found that, inCaenorhabditis elegans, diacylglycerol signaling works in a forgetting mechanism downstream of TIR-1/JNK-1 pathway. Mutations that change diacylglycerol content in the olfactory neurons affect behavioral forgetting, although they did not alter the sensory memory trace. This suggests that diacylglycerol in specific neurons may determine the occurrence of retrieving, rather than modifying, the memory traces. Consistent with this hypothesis, application of diacylglycerol analog to animals suggests that diacylglycerol content until memory acquisition decides whether to retrieve or to forget the memory.
Susceptibility and characteristics of infections in patients with glucocorticoid excess or insufficiency: the ICARO tool
Authors: Minnetti Marianna , Hasenmajer Valeria , Sbardella Emilia , Angelini Francesco , Simeoli Chiara , Di Paola Nicola , Cozzolino Alessia , Pivonello Claudia , De Alcubierre Dario , Chiloiro Sabrina , Baldelli Roberto , De Marinis Laura , Pivonello Rosario , Pofi Riccardo , Isidori Andrea M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Registry data show that Cushing's syndrome (CS) and adrenal insufficiency (AI) increase mortality rates associated with infectious diseases. Little information is available on susceptibility to milder forms of infections, especially those not requiring hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate infectious diseases in patients with glucocorticoid disorders through the development of a specific tool.

Methods
We developed and administered the InfeCtions in pAtients with endocRinOpathies (ICARO) questionnaire, addressing infectious events over a 12-month observation period, to 1017 outpatients referred to 4 University Hospitals. The ICARO questionnaire showed good test–retest reliability. The odds of infection (OR (95% CI)) were estimated after adjustment for confounders and collated into the ICARO score, reflecting the frequency and duration of infections.

Results
In total, 780 patients met the inclusion criteria: 43 with CS, 32 with adrenal incidentaloma and mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), and 135 with AI, plus 570 controls. Compared to controls, CS was associated with higher odds of urinary tract infections (UTIs) (5.1 (2.3–9.9)), mycoses (4.4 (2.1–8.8)), and flu (2.9 (1.4–5.8)). Patients with adrenal incidentaloma and MACS also showed an increased risk of UTIs (3.7 (1.7–8.0)) and flu (3.2 (1.5–6.9)). Post-dexamethasone cortisol levels correlated with the ICARO score in patients with CS. AI was associated with higher odds of UTIs (2.5 (1.6–3.9)), mycoses (2.3 (1.4–3.8)), and gastrointestinal infections (2.2 (1.5–3.3)), independently of any glucocorticoid replacement dose.

Conclusions
The ICARO tool revealed a high prevalence of self-reported infections in patients with glucocorticoid disorders. ICARO is the first of its kind questionnaire, which could be a valuable tool for monitoring infections in various clinical settings.
The dynamics of grandfathers: A comparative analysis of Mexican and Spanish society
Authors: Leeson George , Ortega-Gaspar Marta , Klein Alejandro 
Published: September 2022

In analysing the importance of the current roles of grandfathers in the family in Spain and Mexico, this study attempts to deepen knowledge of these roles in two different social contexts which share similar cultural roots. In respect of gender and from a cultural and generational perspective, the research aims to shed light on the figure and role of grandfathers, who have long been overshadowed by their spouses – the grandmothers. As author (2010) and Mann et al. (2013) highlight, changes at both the demographic and social level have contributed to grandfathers playing an increasingly important role in the lives of their grandchildren.It is important to underscore the originality of this research, since little attention has been paid to date to this area of research; indeed, the invisibility of the grandfather’s role almost underpins a false belief in its non-existence. It must also be stressed that this is the first comparative, transnational analysis of this type.The qualitative analysis reveals generational idiosyncratic characteristics among the grandfathers studied here and their own grandfathers, in Mexico and Spain, as well as a change in traditional gender roles, with certain country-specific nuances. In all the cases studied grandfathers interviewed express feeling a state of happiness. In addition, it can be appreciated a perception of a break with the role’s characteristic of the own grandparents.
Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to assess central nervous system involvement of COVID-19
Authors: AÇIKALIN Rıdvan , GOKTEN Murat , SEZER Can 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify patients with acute neurological findings associated with COVID-19 and to demonstrate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in its diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: Between June 2020 and December 2021, 90 patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 in our clinic, had pneumonia findings in the lung, acute neurological findings, and brain MRI were included in the study. Results were evaluated retrospectively for 46 patients without central nervous system (CNS) involvement and 44 patients with CNS findings.
Results: The most common neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients; Unexplained loss of consciousness by treatment (28/44, 63.6%), focal neurologic deficits (21/44, 47.7%), and seizures (9/44, 20.4%). Increased mortality, increment in the need for ventilator support, and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit were observed in patients with CNS findings. Brain MRI was performed on 44 patients with neurological symptoms. Mean age of 68.3 years (45–78) in patients undergoing MRI. Acute findings were detected in MRI of 32 patients (72%). The most common diagnoses in brain MRI were acute and subacute infarcts.
Conclusion: The mechanism of CNS manifestations is still unclear, and neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients are an important problem, especially in intensive care units. Therefore, early detection and treatment of CNS involvement are very important.