bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability of denitrification enzyme activity and actual denitrification emissions on Missouri claypan soils
Authors: Johnson Frank E. , Lerch Robert N. , Motavalli Peter P. , Veum Kristen S. , Scharf Peter C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDenitrification in agricultural soils is responsible for the majority of anthropogenic N2O production. The objective of this research was to assess denitrification potential and the spatial dependence of soil N2O flux from claypan soils in the Central Claypan Region of Missouri. Surface soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected on a 90‐m grid from two claypan fields, one conventionally managed in a corn (Zea maysL.)–soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation with tillage and without cover crops (Field 1), and the other managed as a corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation with no‐till and cover crops (Field 3). The denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) protocol was used to measure denitrification potential and actual soil denitrification rates of N2O and N2were measured with the N‐free atmospheric recirculation method (N‐FARM). In both fields, DEA fluxes were highest in the toeslope, with a rate of 1.4 kg N ha–1d–1in Field 1, and 1.8 kg N ha–1d–1in Field 3. Actual denitrification was dominated by N2(>85%) rather than N2O emissions, and it was considerably lower than DEA. Actual N2, N2O, and total denitrification (N2+ N2O) fluxes were not different between fields; however, only total denitrification flux showed an effect of landscape position similar to that of DEA in both fields. Although the high smectitic clay content of upland soils provides environmental conditions suitable for denitrification, these results indicate that the accumulation of soil C in the toeslope position controlled DEA and actual denitrification rates.
Macrophage Cell Membrane‐Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lopes Joana , Lopes Daniela , Pereira‐Silva Miguel , Peixoto Diana , Veiga Francisco , Hamblin Michael R. , Conde João , Corbo Claudia , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Tay Franklin R. , Chen Chengshui , Donnelly Ryan F. , Wang Xiangdong , Makvandi Pooyan , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiomimetic approaches utilize natural cell membrane‐derived nanovesicles to camouflage nanoparticles to circumvent some limitations of nanoscale materials. This emergent cell membrane‐coating technology is inspired by naturally occurring intercellular interactions, to efficiently guide nanostructures to the desired locations, thereby increasing both therapeutic efficacy and safety. In addition, the intrinsic biocompatibility of cell membranes allows the crossing of biological barriers and avoids elimination by the immune system. This results in enhanced blood circulation time and lower toxicity in vivo. Macrophages are the major phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. They are equipped with a complex repertoire of surface receptors, enabling them to respond to biological signals, and to exhibit a natural tropism to inflammatory sites and tumorous tissues. Macrophage cell membrane‐functionalized nanosystems are designed to combine the advantages of both macrophages and nanomaterials, improving the ability of those nanosystems to reach target sites. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of these biomimetic nanosystems for targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents to tumors, inflammatory, and infected sites. The present review covers the preparation and biomedical applications of macrophage cell membrane‐coated nanosystems. Challenges and future perspectives in the development of these membrane‐coated nanosystems are addressed.
Partisan competition authorities, Cournot‐oligopoly, and endogenous market structure
Authors: Goerke Laszlo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe so‐called excess‐entry theorem establishes conditions guaranteeing that more firms enter a homogeneous Cournot‐oligopoly in equilibrium than a benevolent government prefers. We generalize the approach and analyze the behavior of a competition authority, which attaches different weights to the firms' and consumers' payoffs, with welfare‐maximization constituting a special case. The greater the importance of consumers, the less likely entry restrictions are, whereas a greater relevance of firms makes a monopoly more probable. The nature of entry restrictions also depends on the competition authority's instruments. The essential insights continue to apply if firms are heterogeneous concerning costs and the timing of output choices.
A Multinational Study on Young Adults and Contemporary (Non)religion: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches
Authors: Nynäs Peter , Keysar Ariela , Sjö Sofia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow can we comprehend contemporary forms of religion? What is an adequate methodological approach? Religion as an object of study has become increasingly evasive and there is an urgent need to address the limitations emerging from previous conceptual bias and limited empirical perspectives. This chapter presents the international research project Young Adults and Religion in a Global Perspective (YARG), its aims, questions, leading ideas and perspectives. In particular, we shed light on the mixed-method approach that was developed in order to meet the current challenges and demands. At the core of this is the Faith Q-Sort (FQS), a novel method for assessing religiosity developed by David Wulff (J Sci Study Relig 58:643–665, 2019). The chapter describes the strength of FQS for comparisons across cultures and its potential to expose new and emerging worldview subjectivities and defining elements in these. Finally, we shed light on how we applied the mixed method approach in studies of relevant themes.
Beyond the Secular, the Religious and the Spiritual: Appreciating the Complexity of Contemporary Worldviews
Authors: Nynäs Peter , Keysar Ariela , Shterin Marat , Sjö Sofia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chapter brings together the main insights from the Young Adults and Religion in a Global Perspective (YARG) study, as presented in the current volume. It starts by discussing the sample used in the study and in the chapters of the volume; after this, the findings about worldviews are explored, and the chapter concludes with some observations pertaining to methodology. Throughout the chapter, the focus is on the need to challenge the often taken for granted categories and perspectives that are projected onto the world in the Study of Religions, and it is suggested that there are important methodological implications involved in meeting this challenge.
Gendered Views Among Young Adults in a Global Study: Male and Female Worldview Prototypes
Authors: Sjö Sofia , Klingenberg Maria , Golo Ben-Willie Kwaku , Meijer Clara Marlijn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch focusing on gender and religion underlines the need to explore how religion is gendered and how religion genders. What is also often called for is an approach that allows for and can register complexity while not ignoring possible gender related differences. In this chapter, we begin with a short overview of the survey results that relate to gender and then turn to the worldview prototypes identified with the help of the Faith Q-Sort. Our primary focus is on the prototypes that are clearly gendered, that is to say, dominated by participants identifying as either male or female. We explore what characterizes these prototypes. Using interview material, we delve into questions of gender brought up by persons of these prototypes and illustrate the complex ways in which questions of gender and worldviews interact. The chapter underlines that gender differences and similarities captured in a survey only tell a small part of the story; that gender and religion are situated in contexts that shape the views on and understandings of both; and that gender and religion are complex notions allowing for creative engagements that can confirm, challenge or reimagine ideas concerning both.
A Typology for Green Infrastructure Planning to Enhance Multifunctionality Incorporating Peri-Urban Agricultural Land
Authors: Rolf Werner 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementThis work addresses a research gap that exists when it comes to Green Infrastructure planning as a new spatial planning approach to develop multifunctional green networks. I introduce a typology for spatial planning to integrate peri-urban farmland in Green Infrastructure, supporting the development of a multifunctional open space network. This typology is based on a two-tiered approach, involving an inter- and transdisciplinary approach and an evidence synthesis. It contributes to the conceptual understanding of multifunctionality planning, provides evidence that peri-urban farmland bears potentials to address urban challenges, such as biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, green economy development, and social cohesion, and reveals research gaps that still need to be addressed in future.
Social Demand for Urban Wilderness in Purgatory
Authors: Maleki Shadi , Julian Jason P. , Weaver Russell C. , Lopez Christina , Kraft Mike 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementIn a rapidly urbanizing world, urban wilderness areas offer unique opportunities to connect with raw nature. After examining social demand for urban wilderness in one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, we found that high levels of naturalness positively influence visitors’ use and perception of natural areas. Age and youth experiences with nature were the most significant, positive correlates with perception of wildlife. Regardless of race/ethnicity, income, and education, visitors recognized the importance of wildlife in urban wilderness. Overall, this study found that social demand for urban wilderness is a multi-dimensional balance between natural amenities and cultural conveniences. This knowledge is useful to city planners to properly plan and protect the natural areas within urban environments.
Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals for Marine and Coastal Management in Norway: A Venture Overdue
Authors: Dankel Dorothy J. , Boonstra Wiebren J. , Bjørkan Maiken , Fuller Jessica L. , Iversen Lisbeth , Eskeland Schütz Sigrid , Staal Brita , van der Meeren Gro I. , van Putten Ingrid 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementMeeting global challenges requires regional and local alignment of institutional and business practices. The purpose of our work is to understand, using qualitative systems analysis, how the Sustainable Development Goals can be achieved through local, cross-sectoral solutions. In this chapter, we start by reviewing the status quo of marine and coastal management in Norway and contrast with the United Nations’ expectations for localization of the Sustainable Development Goals. One key finding is that despite vast knowledge on ocean and coastal use and management, Norway has very few examples of actual localization of the Sustainable Development Goals. We present a case study from Andøy Municipality where we use Social-Ecological Systems mapping to spawn awareness and spur local businesses to harness relevant sustainability targets at the local level.
Values of Mountain Landscapes: Insights About the Blue Mountains National Park, Australia from Twitter
Authors: Pickering Catherine , Norman Patrick , Rossi Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementPeople engage with nature in a range of ways, including sharing their experiences, values and concerns about specific landscapes on social media. For instance, on Twitter, governments, news, conservation, management, tourism and other organizations, as well as individuals share short 280-character microblogs (tweets) about a range of issues. We assessed public debate on Twitter about the Blue Mountains National Park in Australia to illustrate the benefits, but also limitations and concerns with the use of this, still novel, method for public engagement. Using a quantitative analysis of the tweets-content we identified common topics and emotions, including similarities and differences between the tweets posted by Australians and those from other countries regarding this globally important and popular mountain landscapes.
Gendered Values, Roles, and Challenges for Sustainable Provision of Forest-Based Ecosystem Services in Nepal
Authors: Sedhain Jyoti , Ebreo Galang Elson Ian Nyl 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementWomen empowerment and participation in forest management are essential to sustain critical natural benefits or ecosystem services (ES) that forests provide. In mountainous landscapes in Nepal, women are the core users or dependents of key forest-based ES such as food, fodder, and fuel to support their families’ wellbeing. With the country’s Community Forestry program, they gained capacities to participate and eventually become the stewards of sustainable management of these ES. However, several social-ecological challenges such as deforestation, illegal felling, and climate change threaten both the supply of forest-based ES and women’s capacities for sustainable management. These results highlight the need to strengthen support for women in forest management to enable them to adapt better to the impacts of these challenges.
Digital Tools for Fast-Track Renovation Operations
Authors: Vesanen Teemu , Markku Kiviniemi , Tsatsakis Kostas , Masera Gabriele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDigital tools for fast-track renovation operations developed in the project aim to shorten the duration of renovation and disturbance to the occupants with BIM-enabled methods and tools in operations management at site and with prefabrication to speed up the installation tasks. The chapter presents an ensemble of tools, concepts and use cases. First, two tools are described that are used to support construction production management and user communication. Then a concept how product data could be used as part of the tools and further how the product data and the tools could support in achieving the overall BIM4EEB objectives in the use cases of prefabricated exhaust air heat pump and prefabricated thermal insulation. Target of the work was to improve the state-of-the-art planning and monitoring. A new tool was created that combines the BIM model and typical work breakdown structure (WBS) based project scheduling into location breakdown structure (LBS) based user-interface. Continuously updated LBS provide valuable information to stakeholders with web-service and mobile applications. The 24/7 situational awareness of the renovation activities status provides unprecedented transparency of the project progress. Hence, the system allows scheduling the site activities with shorter lead times to shorten the total construction duration while it is possible to immediately take control of possible deviations in implementation. The reliable progress data is available also to the clients and occupants with right timed guidance and safety instructions. The other aim in the work was to utilise BIM for increasing the share of prefabrication in renovation projects. The BIM-based design allows to manage the compatibility and tolerances between design disciplines and adapting those with mapped geometry of the building will enable the prefabrication and preassembling of structural and system components also in renovation. Two best practice examples were developed and described showing how to utilise prefabrication in real renovation scenarios.
Setting the Stage: Being Successful and Negotiating New (Mainstream) Identities
Authors: Schneider Jens , Konyali Ali , Waldring Ismintha , Pulinx Reinhilde 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on self-definitions among professionally successful members of the second generation in four European countries: Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. The analysis departs from a concept of identity that allows for simultaneous and intersecting references to different categories of belonging, and looks for the ways in which second-generation professionals in Western Europe position themselves in relation to three main relevant aspects: (a) being successful professionals in their specific fields; (b) being socially mobile, thus having achieved a middle-class status; and (c) being ‘second generation’, i.e. being raised in a country to which their parents had migrated from another country. The analysis looks at personal strategies for navigating the discursive challenges and external ascriptions between feelings of home and success, on the one side, and Othering experiences and ‘home country’ references in their families etc., on the other. The results indicate that high levels of education and professional and middle-class positions open up a range of possibilities to make more active choices in self-defining their belonging and individual ‘life worlds’ – including places of residence, the intensity of family relations, choice of social relations and preferred working environments.
New Social Mobility: Pioneers and Their Potentials for Change
Authors: Crul Maurice , Schneider Jens , Pott Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the wider societal and theoretical implications of the empirical outcomes presented in the previous chapters. It highlights the importance of what has been described as the ‘multiplier effect’ whereby social climbers accumulate relevant social and cultural capital step-by-step to compensate for the lack of directly useful resources in their families. It revisits some of the other central theoretical frameworks referred to in this book, such as Bourdieu’s capital theory and the integration context theory. The empirical chapters emphasize the importance of social and cultural capital, but not as it is set out in Bourdieu’s reproduction theory. In this book, these forms of capital, mostly acquired along the way, help to explain the extraordinary social mobility of this pioneering group. The integration context theory, originally developed to aid understanding of educational careers, also proved to be of use when trying to understand labour market careers in specific professional sectors. It underlines the importance of gatekeepers and national or context specific arrangements in certain professional fields which together produce the particular types of pathways in this study. We further describe some of the paradoxes that especially characterize the situation of social mobility pioneers from immigrant families. In addition to the well-known ‘integration paradox’, the authors identify a ‘meritocratic paradox’, a ‘discrimination paradox’, a ‘social and cultural capital paradox’ and an ‘ethnic capital paradox’ that all originate in a social setup in which (a) the population of ‘migrant background’ continues to be widely seen as ‘different’ and ‘Other’ to the imagined National Self, and (b) socially upwardly mobile individuals still represent a small minority in many leading professional fields. The chapter ends by underlining the potential that societies miss out on by not taking more active steps to incorporate the native-born ‘second generation’. It summarizes what we believe is new about New Social Mobility as compared to similar processes among young working-class people without a migration background.
Categories of Differentiable Polynomial Circuits for Machine Learning
Authors: Wilson Paul , Zanasi Fabio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReverse derivative categories (RDCs) have recently been shown to be a suitable semantic framework for studying machine learning algorithms. Whereas emphasis has been put on training methodologies, less attention has been devoted to particular model classes: the concrete categories whose morphisms represent machine learning models. In this paper we study presentations by generators and equations of classes of RDCs. In particular, we propose polynomial circuits as a suitable machine learning model. We give an axiomatisation for these circuits and prove a functional completeness result. Finally, we discuss the use of polynomial circuits over specific semirings to perform machine learning with discrete values.
Introduction to History, Theory, and Research in ODDE
Authors: Xiao Junhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis introductory chapter explores the interrelationship and interplay between history, theory, and research in ODDE, demonstrating how they inform research and practice covered in the Handbook. It is argued that lack of historical knowledge about ODDE, unawareness of ODDE theories, and negligence of the abundant research literature on ODDE have contributed to the marginalization of and prejudice against the field in the wider education eco-system, despite the fact that it has entered the “mainsteam” of education now. Compelling arguments are advanced for the relevance of history, importance of theories, and necessity of research to the sustainable growth of ODDE. The chapter then goes on to explain the structure of the section, drawing the readers’ attention to issues worthy of further attention. It concludes with several implications from the other chapters in the section and a call for using them as a stepping stone to reimagining ODDE for the twenty-first century.
Non-BPS black branes in M-theory over Calabi-Yau threefolds. (Non-)uniqueness and recombination of non-BPS black strings in single modulus CICY and THCY models
Authors: Marrani Alessio , Mishra Anshul , Tripathy Prasanta K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study extremal solutions arising in M-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds, focussing on non-BPS attractors for their importance in relation to the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC); M2 branes wrapped on two-cycles give rise to black holes, whereas M5 branes wrapped on four-cycles result in black strings. In the low-energy/field theory limit one obtains minimal N = 2, D = 5 supergravity coupled to Abelian vector multiplets. By making use of the effective black hole potential formalism with Lagrange multipliers and of the Attractor Mechanism, we obtain the explicit expressions of the attractor moduli for BPS and non-BPS solutions, and we compute the Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy and the black string tension. Furthermore, by focussing on one modulus complete intersection (CICY) or toric hypersurface (THCY) Calabi-Yau threefolds, we investigate the possible non-uniqueness of the attractor solutions, as well as the stability of non-BPS black holes and black strings (restricting to doubly-extremal solutions, for simplicity’s sake). In all models taken into consideration, we find that both BPS and non-BPS extremal black hole attractors are always unique for a given, supporting electric charge configuration; moreover, non-BPS black holes are always unstable, and thus they decay into constituent BPS/anti-BPS pairs: this confirms the WGC, for which macroscopic non-supersymmetric solutions are bound to decay. For what concerns extremal black strings, it is well known they are unique in the BPS case; we confirm uniqueness also for non-BPS strings in one-modulus CICY models. On the other hand, we discover multiple non-BPS extremal black string attractors (with different tensions) in most of the one-modulus THCY models, and we determine the corresponding magnetic configurations supporting them; this indicates the existence of volume-minimizing representatives in the same homology class having different values of their local minimal volume. Moreover, we find that non-BPS (doubly-) extremal black strings, both for single and multiple solutions, are kinematically stable against decay into their constituent BPS/anti-BPS pairs; in Calabi-Yau geometry, this means that the volume of the representative corresponding to the black string is less than the volume of the minimal piecewise-holomorphic representative, predicting recombination for those homology classes and thus leading to stable, non-BPS string solutions, which for the WGC are microscopic with small charges.