bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a heterodyne laser interferometer laboratory model for the development of a space gravimetry project
Authors: Kudeyarov K.S. , Milyukov V.K. , Kryuchkov D.S. , Semerikov I.A. , Ivlev O.A. , Khabarova K.Yu. , Kolachevsky N.N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate displacement measurements of up to 17 μm on a heterodyne laser interferometer laboratory model. The measurement error for small (up to 200 nm) linear displacements is found to be 270 pm at a 10-s averaging time. The results obtained can be used for developing a space laser interferometric system for the global Earth’s gravity field mapping.
Physical processes during ultracold plasma expansion
Authors: Zelener B.B. , Bronin S.Ya. , Vilshanskaya E.V. , Vikhrov E.V. , Galstyan K.P. , Morozov N.V. , Saakyan S.A. , Sautenkov V.A. , Zelener B.V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using the method of molecular dynamics, the expansion of a two-component, pulsed laser-produced ultracold plasma is directly calculated for various values of the number and density of particles and their electron temperatures. A new method is presented for generating and diagnosing a steady-state ultracold plasma formed under continuous wave laser irradiation. The performed calculations show the difference in the properties of an ultracold plasma obtained by pulsed and continuous wave laser irradiation.
Evolution of an ultracold gas in a non-Abelian gauge field: finite temperature effect
Authors: Hasan M. , Madasu Ch.S. , Rathod K.D. , Kwong C.C. , Wilkowski D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The cooling mechanisms of a Fermionic strontium-87 gas are refined in order to study its evolution under a non-Abelian gauge field. Significant attention is paid to the effect of the finite temperature of the gas on the process in question. The efficiency of the loading of atoms in a cross-dipole trap is described in detail, the quantitative performance of the evaporative cooling is calculated, and a degenerate Fermi gas is characterised using a Thomas – Fermi distribution.
Hot water extractable carbon in whole soil and particle-size fractions isolated from soils under contrasting land-use treatments
Authors: Curtin Denis , Beare Mike H. , Qiu Weiwen 
Published: June 2022

Context Understanding the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) requires that it be divided into fractions with contrasting behaviour. Aim Using soils from a field trial with a diverse set of treatments (pasture to arable conversion, ex-pasture soil maintained fallow for 13 years and arable cropping with contrasting tillage treatments), we evaluated two approaches to characterise SOM: particle-size fractionation and hot water extraction. Methods Soils were separated into four size fractions, including the >50 μm fraction (particulate organic matter, considered the most labile fraction) and the <5 μm fraction (stabilised C associated with clay particles). Hot water extractable C (HWC; 80°C for 16 h) was determined on whole soil and on the isolated size fractions. Key results Whereas total soil C stocks (0–25 cm) declined by an average of 14% under arable cropping and by 23% under continuous fallow, the decline in HWC was much greater (31% under arable and 49% under bare fallow). A large part (>50%) of the C lost under cropping and bare fallow was derived from the clay fraction, which was also the source of 59–77% of HWC. Conclusions and Implications Our results indicate that hot water is specific for the labile component of SOM while SOM in size fractions is a composite of labile and stable components, the proportions of which may vary depending on land use and other factors. Ideally, data on quantity of SOM in size fractions should be complemented by information on its lability.
Medical discourse in Late Modern English
Authors: Menzel Katrin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how the Royal Society Corpus, a richly annotated corpus of around 48,000 English scientific journal articles covering more than 330 years, can be used for lexico-grammatical and pragmatic studies that contribute to a broader understanding of the development of medical research articles. The Late Modern English period together with several decades before and after this time frame was a productive period in the medical output of the Royal Society. This chapter addresses typical linguistic features of scientific journal articles from medical and related sciences from this period demonstrating their special status in the context of other traditional and emerging disciplines in the corpus data. Additionally, language usage and text-type conventions of historical medical research articles will be compared to the features of corpus texts on medical topics from Present-day English.
Unhappy patients and eminent physicians
Authors: Lehto Anu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter compares the representations of patients and doctors in eighteenth-century English in the corpus of Late Modern English Medical Texts (LMEMT). The representations are surveyed by collocation analysis in order to reveal shared beliefs linked with the social groups. Rather than individual collocates, the focus is on semantic preference and semantic prosody, which enable the analysis of abstract meanings and discourse-pragmatic functions of terms. Results indicate that physicians and surgeons are typically associated with education and professional expertise, and their social identity generally represents positive semantic prosody. By contrast, apothecaries are identified more negatively, displaying their lower status within the medical profession. Patients are often viewed as mere objects of treatment and their physical state is emphasised. However, patients receive sympathy as well, reflecting the philanthropic spirit of the era.
Communicating authority
Authors: Ollikainen Karoliina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This sociopragmatic case study examines 31 narrative passages across 23 different early modern medical texts in order to determine how medical writers use the narrative discourse mode to construct their own authority as medical professionals. Based on how the authors present themselves through self-mentions, the narratives have been divided into two different types: treatment narratives and narratives of discovery. The findings of the study suggest that early modern medical writers take on different authoritative roles in these narratives based on the aims of their text. Overall, however, all of the narratives are used to highlight the medical practitioners’ professional skill and experience, which adds to the authoritativeness of their claims.
Determination of the critical temperature of Nb–Al alloys from the plasma parameters of a vacuum arc cathode spot
Authors: Tsventoukh M M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The plasma of pulsed-periodic splashes of explosive electron emission forms a vacuum arc cathode spot. The average parameters of the plasma can be evaluated from the parameters of the critical state of a metal for different materials. According to the measurements (Zöhrer et al 2020 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
29 025022) of the average charge and the kinetic energy of plasma ions, the critical temperature and cohesive energy for Nb–Al alloys was evaluated within our model. It was close to the value corresponding to pure aluminum for all component ratios Nb/Al = ¼, ⅔, ¾. We have described the experimentally measured values of the cathode potential fall using the obtained magnitudes of critical temperature in the empirical ‘cohesive energy rule’ and have reproduced the observed deviation from linearity in form of U or V shaped dependencies. The obtained results make possible to evaluate the critical temperature and cohesive energy from the parameters of the vacuum arc plasma.
Spin-thermoelectric properties and giant tunneling magnetoresistance of boron-substituted graphene nanoribbon: a first principle study
Authors: Sarkar Sudip , Misra Anirban 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study we have designed a spin caloritronic device based on boron doped armchair graphene nanoribbons (B2-7AGNR). In presence of ferromagnetic (FM) graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C4N3) electrodes the spin-thermoelectric features of the device, both for FM and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states, are studied using first principle calculations. The spin polarized transmission peaks and the presence of density of states near the Fermi level indicate that the system have large spin-thermoelectric figure of merit. In addition, it is observed that the system has a large tunneling magnetoresistance due to the difference in total current between FM and AFM configurations. Further studies reveal that the spin component of the Seebeck coefficient of the device is much higher than the other zigzag and armchair nanoribbons. When the spin magnetic moments of the electrodes are aligned in parallel manner, spin-thermoelectric figure of merit of the system becomes significantly high. It has also been found that on decreasing temperature the efficiency of the device increases. As a whole, the numerical results show that g-C4N3-B2-7AGNR-g-C4N3 system in FM configuration is an efficient low temperature thermoelectric device.
Heat flow through a liquid–vapor interface in a nano-channel: the effect of end-grafting polymers on a wall
Authors: Pastorino Claudio , Urrutia Ignacio , Fiora María , Condado Federico 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Heat transfer through a liquid–vapor interface is a complex phenomenon and crucially relevant in heat-removal and cryogenic applications. The physical coupling among confining walls, liquid and vapor phases is very important for controlling or improving cooling rates or condensation efficiency. Surface modification is a promising route, which has been explored to taylor the heat transfer through confined two-phase systems. We use coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations to study the heat transfer through a nano-confined liquid–vapor interface as a function of fluid filling. We set up a stationary heat flow through a liquid–vapor interface, stabilized with the liquid in contact with a colder wall and a vapor in contact with a hotter wall. For these physical conditions, we perform extensive simulations by progressively increasing the number of fluid particles, i.e. the channel filling, and measure the fluid distribution in the channel, density, pressure and temperature profiles We also compare the heat flux behavior between a bare-surfaces nano-channel and others where the hot surface was coated with end-grafted polymers, with different wetting affinities and bending properties. We take extreme cases of polymer properties to obtain a general picture of the polymer effect on the heat transfer, as compared with the bare surfaces. We find that walls covered by end-grafted solvophylic polymers change the heat flux by a factor of 6, as compared with bare walls, if the liquid phase is in contact with the polymers. Once the liquid wets the coated wall, the improve on heat flux is smaller and dominated by the grafting density. We also find that for a wall coated with stiff polymers, the jump in heat flux takes place at a significantly lower channel filling, when the polymers’ free ends interact with the liquid surface. Interestingly, the morphology of the polymers induces a ‘liquid bridge’ between the liquid phase and the hot wall, through which heat is transported with high (liquid-like) thermal conductivity.
Cesium lead iodide electrospun fibrous membranes for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Ke , Yang Haohan , Lin Donghai , Shih Wan Y , Shih Wei-Heng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Inorganic perovskite cesium lead iodide nanocrystals (CsPbI3 NCs) are good candidates for optoelectronic devices because of their excellent properties of remarkable luminous performance (high luminous efficiency, narrow luminous spectral line), and high photoelectric conversion efficiency by using simple preparation method. But their inherent poor stability greatly limits its practical applications. In this paper, electrospinning is used to grow fibrous membranes with embedded cesium lead iodide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) formed in situ in a one-step process. It was found that cubic α-CsPbI3 PNCs were formed in polymer fibers, showing bright and uniform fluorescence signals. Furthermore, the water wetting angles were increased by the fibrous structure enhancing the hydrophobicity and the stability of the fibrous membranes in water. The electrospun fibrous membrane containing CsPbI3 was combined with another membrane containing CsPbBr3 under a blue light-emitting diode (LED) to create a white LED (WLED) in air successfully with CIE coordinates (0.3020, 0.3029), and a correlated color temperature of 7527 °K, indicating high purity of WLED. Our approach provides a new way to create highly stable, photoluminescent water-resistant perovskite nanocrystalline films.
A pre-impact fall detection data segmentation method based on multi-channel convolutional neural network and class activation mapping
Authors: Feng Mingxu , Liu Jizhong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. A segmentation method for pre-impact fall detection data is investigated. Specifically, it studies how to partition data segments that are important for classification from continuous inertial sensor data for pre-impact fall detection. Approach. In this study, a trigger-based algorithm combining multi-channel convolutional neural network (CNN) and class activation mapping was proposed to solve the problem of data segmentation. First, a pre-impact fall detection training dataset was established and divided into two parts. For falls, the 1 s data was divided from the peak value of the acceleration signal magnitude vector to the starting direction. For activities of daily living, the cycle segmentation was performed for a 1 s window size. Second, a heat map of the class activation regions of the sensor data was formed using a multi-channel CNN and a class activation mapping algorithm. Finally, the data segmentation strategy was established based on the heat map, the basic law of falls and the real-time requirements. Main results. This method was verified by the SisFall dataset. The obtained segmentation strategy (i.e. to start segmenting a small data segment with a window duration of 325 ms when the acceleration signal magnitude vector is less than 9.217 m s−2) met the real-time requirements for pre-impact fall detection. Moreover, it was suitable for various machine learning algorithms, and the accuracy of the machine learning algorithms used exceeded 94.8%, with the machine learning algorithms verifying the data segmentation strategy. Significance. The proposed method can automatically identify the class activation area, save the computing resources of wearable devices, shorten the duration of segmentation window, and ensure the real-time performance of pre-impact fall detection.
Performance improvement in NiO
x
-based GaN MOS-HEMTs
Authors: Meer M , Pohekar P , Parvez B , Ganguly S , Saha D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We have illustrated the thermal oxidation of Ni as gate dielectrics to improve the characteristics of GaN-based metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The oxide is formed by a pre-deposition of a thin film followed by oxidation in pure O2 ambient. The formation and thickness of the oxides are confirmed through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. NiO
x
is found to have an energy band gap of 3.7 eV determined using O 1s energy loss spectra. NiO
x
is found to provide negative (1.7 eV) valence band offsets with AlGaN. The potential use of the oxides has been confirmed by the significant improvement in drive current, transconductance, subthreshold swing, unity current gain frequency, and gate current leakage over the Schottky barrier HEMTs (SB-HEMTs). We have observed a positive shift in threshold voltage for NiO
x
-based gate dielectric devices compared to that of the SB-HEMTs.
Cyclic cosmology and geodesic completeness
Authors: Kinney William H. , Stein Nina K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider recently proposed bouncing cosmological models for which the Hubble parameter is periodic in time, but the scale factor grows from one cycle to the next as a mechanism for shedding entropy. Since the scale factor for a flat universe is equivalent to an overall conformal factor, it has been argued that this growth corresponds to a physically irrelevant rescaling, and such bouncing universes can be made perfectly cyclic, extending infinitely into the past and future. We show that any bouncing universe which uses growth of the scale factor to dissipate entropy must necessarily be geodesically past-incomplete, and therefore cannot be truly cyclic in time.
Optical transmitter module with hybrid integration of DFB laser diode and proton-exchanged LiNbO3 modulator chip
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Jia He , Li Junhui , Guo Yumei , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, a hybrid integrated optical transmitter module was designed and fabricated. A proton-exchanged Mach–Zehnder lithium niobate (LiNbO3) modulator chip was chosen to enhance the output extinction ratio. A fiber was used to adjust the rotation of the polarization direction caused by the optical isolator. The whole optical path structure, including the laser chip, lens, fiber, and modulator chip, was simulated to achieve high optical output efficiency. After a series of process improvements, a module with an output extinction ratio of 34 dB and a bandwidth of 20.5 GHz (from 2 GHz) was obtained. The optical output efficiency of the whole module reached approximately 21%. The link performance of the module was also measured.
A 10 × 10 deep ultraviolet light-emitting micro-LED array
Authors: Yu Huabin , Memon Muhammad Hunain , Jia Hongfeng , Zhang Haochen , Tian Meng , Fang Shi , Wang Danhao , Kang Yang , Xiao Shudan , Long Shibing , Sun Haiding 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, we design and fabricate a deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting array consisting of 10 × 10 micro-LEDs (μ-LEDs) with each device having 20 μm in diameter. Strikingly, the array demonstrates a significant enhancement of total light output power by nearly 52% at the injection current of 100 mA, in comparison to a conventional large LED chip whose emitting area is the same as the array. A much higher (~22%) peak external quantum efficiency, as well as a smaller efficiency droop for μ-LED array, was also achieved. The numerical calculation reveals that the performance boost can be attributed to the higher light extraction efficiency at the edge of each μ-LED. Additionally, the far-field pattern measurement shows that the μ-LED array possesses a better forward directionality of emission. These findings shed light on the enhancement of the DUV LEDs performance and provide new insights in controlling the light behavior of the μ-LEDs.
Vertical Schottky ultraviolet photodetector based on graphene and top–down fabricated GaN nanorod arrays
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Yan Changling , Yang Jinghang , Pang Chao , Yue Yunzhen , Zeng Chunhong , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
GaN has been widely used in the fabrication of ultraviolet photodetectors because of its outstanding properties. In this paper, we report a graphene–GaN nanorod heterostructure photodetector with fast photoresponse in the UV range. GaN nanorods were fabricated by a combination mode of dry etching and wet etching. Furthermore, a graphene–GaN nanorod heterostructure ultraviolet detector was fabricated and its photoelectric properties were measured. The device exhibits a fast photoresponse in the UV range. The rising time and falling time of the transient response were 13 and 8 ms, respectively. A high photovoltaic responsivity up to 13.9 A/W and external quantum efficiency up to 479% were realized at the UV range. The specific detectivity D

*
= 1.44 × 1010 Jones was obtained at –1 V bias in ambient conditions. The spectral response was measured and the highest response was observed at the 360 nm band.
Modulating properties by light ion irradiation: From novel functional materials to semiconductor power devices
Authors: Yuan Ye , Zhou Shengqiang , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this review, the application of light ion irradiation is discussed for tailoring novel functional materials and for improving the performance in SiC or Si based electrical power devices. The deep traps and electronic disorder produced by light ion irradiation can modify the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of films (e.g., dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors and topological materials). Additionally, benefiting from the high reproducibility, precise manipulation of functional depth and density of defects, as well as the flexible patternability, the helium or proton ion irradiation has been successfully employed in improving the dynamic performance of SiC and Si based PiN diode power devices by reducing their majority carrier lifetime, although the static performance is sacrificed due to deep level traps. Such a trade-off has been regarded as the key point to compromise the static and dynamic performances of power devices. As a result, herein the light ion irradiation is highlighted in both exploring new physics and optimizing the performance in functional materials and electrical devices.
Pseudo-online detection and classification for upper-limb movements
Authors: Niu Jiansheng , Jiang Ning 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. This study analyzed detection (movement vs. non-movement) and classification (different types of movements) to decode upper-limb movement volitions in a pseudo-online fashion. Approach. Nine healthy subjects executed four self-initiated movements: left wrist extension, right wrist extension, left index finger extension, and right index finger extension. For detection, we investigated the performance of three individual classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), EEGNET, and Riemannian geometry featured SVM) on three frequency bands (0.05–5 Hz, 5–40 Hz, 0.05–40 Hz). The best frequency band and the best classifier combinations were constructed to realize an ensemble processing pipeline using majority voting. For classification, we used adaptive boosted Riemannian geometry model to differentiate contra-lateral and ipsilateral movements. Main results. The ensemble model achieved 79.6 ± 8.8% true positive rate and 3.1 ± 1.2 false positives per minute with 75.3 ± 112.6 ms latency on a pseudo-online detection task. The following classification gave around 67% accuracy to differentiate contralateral movements. Significance. The newly proposed ensemble method and pseudo-online testing procedure could provide a robust brain-computer interface design for movement decoding.
Maximum and records of random walks with stochastic resetting
Authors: Godrèche Claude , Luck Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe revisit the statistics of extremes and records of symmetric random walks with stochastic resetting, extending earlier studies in several directions. We put forward a diffusive scaling regime (symmetric step length distribution with finite variance, weak resetting probability) where the maximum of the walk and the number of its records up to discrete timenbecome asymptotically proportional to each other for single typical trajectories. Their distributions obey scaling laws ruled by a common two-parameter scaling function, interpolating between a half-Gaussian and a Gumbel law. The exact solution of the problem for the symmetric exponential step length distribution and for the simple Polya lattice walk, as well as a heuristic analysis of other distributions, allow a quantitative study of several facets of the statistics of extremes and records beyond the diffusive scaling regime.