bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Divisional Game: Using Procedural Rights to Impede Generic/Biosimilar Market Entry
Authors: Foss-Solbrekk Katarina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite being used frequently by practitioners in a wide array of technical fields, divisional patent applications (“divisionals”) seldom attract scholarly attention. The lack of scholarly attention is an error, particularly in the pharmaceutical field. Recent case law in the UK reveals that after generic/biosimilar manufacturers successfully revoke patents standing in the way of market entry, divisionals claiming protection for similar subject-matter as the patent that has just been revoked can crop up, hindering generic/biosimilar medicines from entering the market. Moreover, right before or after proceedings start, rightsholders de-designate countries to avoid a negative judgment that may affect a court elsewhere, meaning generic/biosimilar manufacturers initiated legal proceedings for nothing. Such practices demonstrate that divisionals deserve our attention. This article thus fills the scholarly gap by showing how divisionals are (mis)used in practice, before arguing that patent reform is necessary to prevent this from occurring.
Specific Language Impairment, Autism Spectrum Disorders and Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorders: Is There Overlap in Language Deficits? A Review
Authors: Félix Juliana , Santos Maria Emília , Benitez-Burraco Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnalysing language characteristics and understanding their dynamics is the key for a successful intervention by speech and language therapists (SLT). Thus, this review aims to investigate a possible overlap in language development shared by autism spectrum disorders (ASD), specific language impairment (SLI) and social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD). The sources of this work were the PubMed, PsycInfo and SciELO databases, as well as the Scientific Open Access Repositories of Portugal. The final selection included 18 studies, focused on several linguistic areas. Results suggest that when individuals are matched according to some language or cognitive skills, they will also show similar characteristics in other language domains. Future work should be done based on spontaneous speech.
Designing rotationally invariant neural networks from PDEs and variational methods
Authors: Alt Tobias , Schrader Karl , Weickert Joachim , Peter Pascal , Augustin Matthias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPartial differential equation models and their associated variational energy formulations are often rotationally invariant by design. This ensures that a rotation of the input results in a corresponding rotation of the output, which is desirable in applications such as image analysis. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) do not share this property, and existing remedies are often complex. The goal of our paper is to investigate how diffusion and variational models achieve rotation invariance and transfer these ideas to neural networks. As a core novelty, we propose activation functions which couple network channels by combining information from several oriented filters. This guarantees rotation invariance within the basic building blocks of the networks while still allowing for directional filtering. The resulting neural architectures are inherently rotationally invariant. With only a few small filters, they can achieve the same invariance as existing techniques which require a fine-grained sampling of orientations. Our findings help to translate diffusion and variational models into mathematically well-founded network architectures and provide novel concepts for model-based CNN design.
A human learning optimization algorithm with competitive and cooperative learning
Authors: Du JiaoJie , Wang Ling , Fei Minrui , Menhas Muhammad Ilyas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman learning optimization (HLO) is a simple yet powerful metaheuristic developed based on a simplified human learning model. Competition and cooperation, as two basic modes of social cognition, can motivate individuals to learn more efficiently and improve their efficiency in solving problems by stimulating their competitive instincts and increasing interaction with each other. Inspired by this fact, this paper presents a novel human learning optimization algorithm with competitive and cooperative learning (HLOCC), in which a competitive and cooperative learning operator (CCLO) is developed to mimic competition and cooperation in social interaction for enhancing learning efficiency. The HLOCC can efficiently maintain the diversity of the algorithm as well as achieve the optimal values, demonstrating that the proposed CCLO can effectively improve algorithm performance. HLOCC has been compared with other heuristic algorithms on CEC2017 functions. In the second study, the uncapacitated facility location problems (UFLPs) which are one of the pure binary optimization problems are solved with HLOCC. The experimental results show that the developed HLOCC is superior to previous HLO variants and other metaheuristics with its improved exploitation and exploration abilities.
Improved NSGA-II for energy-efficient distributed no-wait flow-shop with sequence-dependent setup time
Authors: Zeng Qing-qing , Li Jun-qing , Li Rong-hao , Huang Ti-hao , Han Yu-yan , Sang Hong-yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses a multi-objective energy-efficient scheduling problem of the distributed permutation flowshop with sequence-dependent setup time and no-wait constraints (EEDNWFSP), which have important practical applications. Two objectives minimization of both makespan and total energy consumption (TEC) are considered simultaneously. To address this problem, a new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated. Considering the issues faced in solving large-scale instances, an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (INSGA-II) is further proposed that uses two variants of the Nawaz-Enscore-Ham heuristic (NEH) to generate high-quality initial population. Moreover, two problem-specific speed adjustment heuristics are presented, which can enhance the qualities of the obtained non-dominated solutions. In addition, four local and two global search operators are designed to improve the exploration and exploitation abilities of the proposed algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified using extensive computational tests and comparisons. The experimental results show that the proposed INSGA-II is more effective compared to other efficient multi-objective algorithms.
Multi-view 3D human pose reconstruction based on spatial confidence point group for jump analysis in figure skating
Authors: Tian Limao , Cheng Xina , Honda Masaaki , Ikenaga Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompetitive figure skaters perform successful jumps with critical parameters, which are valuable for jump analysis in athlete training. Driven by recent computer vision applications, recovering 3D pose of figure skater to obtain the meaningful variables has become increasingly important. However, conventional works have suffered from getting 3D information based on the corresponding 2D information directly or leaving the specificity of sports out of consideration. Issues such as self-occlusion, abnormal pose, limitation of venue and so on will result in poor results. Motivated by these problems, this paper proposes a multi-task architecture based on a calibrated multi-camera system to facilitate jointly 3D jump pose of figure skater. The proposed methods consist of three key components: Likelihood distribution and temporal smoothness- based discrete probability points selection filter out the most valuable 2D information; Multi-perspective and combinations unification-based large-scale venue 3D reconstruction is proposed to deal with the multi-camera; multi-constraint-based human skeleton estimation decides the final 3D coordinate from the candidates. This work is proved can be applied to 3D animated display and motion capture of the figure skating competition. The success rate of the independent joint is: 93.38% of 70 mm error range, 92.57% of 50 mm error range and 91.55% of 30 mm error range.
Distributed tracking control of structural balance for complex dynamical networks based on the coupling targets of nodes and links
Authors: Gao Zilin , Li Yongfu , Wang Yinhe , Liu Qingshan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with dynamic connections are regarded as an interconnected systems composed of intercoupling links’ subsystem (LS) and nodes’ subsystem (NS). Different from the previous researches on structural balance control of CDNs, the directed CDNs’ structural balance problem is solved. Considering the state of links cannot be measured accurately in practice, we can control the nodes’ state and enforce the weights of links to satisfy the conditions of structural balance via effective coupling. To achieve this aim, a coupling strategy between a predetermined matrix of the structural balance and a reference tracking target of NS is established by the correlative control method. Here, the controller in NS is used to track the reference tracking target, and indirectly let LS track the predetermined matrix and reach a structural balance by the effective coupling for directed and undirected networks. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results.
Advances in depressants used for pyrite flotation separation from coal/minerals
Authors: Li Yulong , Cheng Gan , Zhang Mengni , Cao Yijun , Von Lau Ee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPyrite is separated from other minerals mainly by flotation. However, the hydrophilicity of pyrite is affected by many factors, causing it to easily enter the concentrate and consequently reduce the quality of concentrate. Highly efficient pyrite depressants can be selectively adsorbed on the surface of pyrite to improve its hydrophilicity, thereby increasing the flotation separation efficiency. Understanding the fundamental inhibition mechanism of depressants on pyrite is a prerequisite to improve the flotation desulfurization efficiency. The inhibition ability and mechanism of different types of pyrite depressants are reviewed in this manuscript. In recent years, molecular simulation has increasingly become a powerful tool to study the interaction between reagents and minerals, shedding new light on the adsorption mechanisms of reagents on mineral surfaces at the atomic and electronic levels. The properties of sulfide mineral and flotation reagents as well as the microscopic adsorption mechanistic studies of reagents on mineral surfaces based on quantum chemistry and molecular simulation are also reviewed.
From Heron of Alexandria to Amazon’s Alexa: a stylized history of AI and its impact on business models, organization and work
Authors: Fanti Lucrezia , Guarascio Dario , Moggi Massimo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on business models, organization and work. First, we provide astylized historyof AI highlighting the technological, organizational and market-related factors fostering its diffusion and transformative potential. We show how AI evolved from being a scientific field to a mostly corporate-dominated field characterized by strong concentration of technological and economic power. Second, we analyze the consequences of AI adoption for business models, organization and work. Our discussion contributes to show how the development and diffusion of this technological domain gives new strength to the lean-production paradigm - in both manufacturing and service sectors - by contributing to the establishment of the new ‘digital Taylorism’.
CRISPR-Cas12a-Empowered Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid and Ultrasensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant
Authors: Wu Chenshuo , Chen Zhi , Li Chaozhou , Hao Yabin , Tang Yuxuan , Yuan Yuxuan , Chai Luxiao , Fan Taojian , Yu Jiangtian , Ma Xiaopeng , Al-Hartomy Omar A. , Wageh S. , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Luo Zhiguang , He Yaqing , Li Jingfeng , Xie Zhongjian , Zhang Han 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 depends on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction till now, which is time-consuming and requires expensive instrumentation, and the confirmation of variants relies on further sequencing techniques. Herein, we first proposed a robust technique-methodology of electrochemical CRISPR sensing with the advantages of rapid, highly sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant. To enhance the sensing capability, gold electrodes are uniformly decorated with electro-deposited gold nanoparticles. Using DNA template identical to SARS-CoV-2 Delta spike gene sequence as model, our biosensor exhibits excellent analytical detection limit (50 fM) and high linearity (R2 = 0.987) over six orders of magnitude dynamic range from 100 fM to 10 nM without any nucleic-acid-amplification assays. The detection can be completed within 1 h with high stability and specificity which benefits from the CRISPR-Cas system. Furthermore, based on the wireless micro-electrochemical platform, the proposed biosensor reveals promising application ability in point-of-care testing.
Prediction of moisture diffusion and failure in glass/steel adhesive joints
Authors: Katsivalis Ioannis , Feih Stefanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlass/steel adhesive joints are being used increasingly in the construction industry as they offer significant structural advantages over conventional mechanical fastener approaches. However, adhesive joints are also known to be sensitive to moisture diffusion into the bondline, which reduces the interfacial bonding strength for hybrid glass/steel substrates. The effect of moisture on the performance degradation of glass/steel adhesive joints has been successfully predicted assuming adhesive property degradation but requires experimental determination of the affected moisture ingress zone. This study utilizes a multi-physics numerical approach implemented via the commercial finite element code Abaqus 2020, which firstly simulates moisture ingress into the adhesive/glass interface and subsequently couples the diffusion effects with a cohesive zone modelling approach for damage initiation and propagation. The numerical predictions are calibrated against experimental data on glass/steel Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens, which are bonded with a ductile methacrylate adhesive (Araldite 2047–1). The modelling approach is then validated against the experimental response of large double lap shear joints of a significantly different bondline geometry. It is demonstrated that the numerical model successfully predicts the critical exposure time for partial to complete joint degradation enabling the development of engineering guidelines for life-time prediction of various joint geometries.
Curbing Discriminating Human Resource Practices—A Microfounded Perspective
Authors: Kunz Jennifer , Ludwig Laura Michele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiscrimination constitutes a sticky phenomenon in corporations despite decades of anti-discrimination initiatives. We argue that this stickiness is related to the complex relations between various factors on the micro level in organizations, which determine and stabilize each other. Based on a systematic literature review comprising empirical studies on discrimination due to age, gender, race, and ethnicity/nationality, we find eight general mechanisms which can be further clustered into an economic, a behavioral, and a socio-structural domain. While mechanisms in the behavioral domain form the roots of discrimination, the economic and the socio-structural mechanisms stabilize each other as well as the behavioral ones. Thus, the analysis shows that the various building blocks on the micro level are entangled with each other and suggests a structured way by identifying a problem hierarchy to manage this complexity.
Neighbourhood message passing computation on a lattice with cP systems
Authors: Cooper James , Nicolescu Radu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose neighbourhood message passing (NMP), an abstract framework for loopy belief propagation (BP), as used in stereo matching (SM). We focus here on generic inter-processing-element messaging over a two-dimensional square grid, but our results apply to lattices of any shape through minimal modification. Specifically, this paper investigates three cP Systems (a type of P systems) models for loopy BP: One based on the classical globally synchronous BP, and two novel variants, (totally) asynchronous and locally synchronous. To model the classic globally synchronous NMP, we extend cP systems messaging rules with antiport features, similar to those used in other P systems. Next, we propose a novel version of NMP by extending it to the asynchronous case. We then derive a locally synchronous NMP variant, which arises naturally as a middle ground between our asynchronous and the classical globally synchronous variants. To clarify the operation of the asynchronous NMP system, we supply a short worked example. Following this, we analyse the proposed asynchronous system and prove that it uses precisely the same number of messages as the globally synchronous variant. We further put forward some runtime and correctness conjectures. Furthermore, we experimentally investigate the asynchronous system’s run-time characteristics. Messages spread from a given location on the lattice similarly in both the asynchronous and synchronous versions, even in the face of slow channels. We also conduct computer experiments and find that, in practice, the locally synchronous system is usually faster than the traditional globally synchronous approach (about 5–13%), and the asynchronous system is typically quicker still (often by approximately another 10%). We thus believe that it is a promising novel approach for faithful implementations of NMP and should be preferred.
Fostering cognitive strategies for learning with 360° videos in history education contexts
Authors: Nachtigall Valentina , Yek Selina , Lewers Elena , Brunnenberg Christian , Rummel Nikol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLearning settings in and out of school are increasingly relying on the use of virtual reality applications, such as 360° videos, to make learning an exciting and vivid experience for students. This applies especially to history-learning contexts. Learning with immersive representations of history-related contents requires a critical examination and reflective processing of the learning content. Cognitive strategies, such as organizing and elaborating information correspond with competencies which are assumed to be important for students’ critical examination and reflective processing of history-related content. Research on self-regulated learning (SRL) suggests that the use of cognitive strategies can be promoted through respective SRL trainings. Thus, in the present quasi-experimental study (N = 164), we investigated the effectiveness of a SRL training, which adds to regular instruction on processing history-related learning materials, for students’ use of cognitive strategies when examining immersive history-related 360° videos. Our results show that students who practiced analyzing 360° videos within an explicit SRL training used more cognitive strategies than students who received an implicit SRL training on how to analyze these videos. Further findings suggest that the use of these cognitive strategies probably helped students of the training condition (explicit SRL training) to make less imprecise or trivial analyses and to draw more reflective conclusions than students of the control condition (implicit SRL training). By combining research on SRL and history education, our study may provide a new impulse for empirical research on competence-oriented learning with history-related virtual reality media.
Optimal Management of Irrigation Water from Aquifer and Surface sources
Authors: Quintana-Ashwell Nicolas E. , Gholson Drew M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe explore the economic merits of on-farm water storage with tailwater recovery systems to reduce aquifer depletion in a region with expanding irrigated acreage and substantial off-season precipitation. Gains are substantial on a broad scale and long planning horizon, including more than $4 billion in producer surplus, 5 million acre-feet of conserved groundwater, and land capitalization of $24 per acre. Sensitivity analyses provide insights with respect to the impact of discount rates, rainfed returns, return flows, and aquifer recharge rates. Results can inform stakeholders about the optimal allocation of funds directed at agricultural practice adoption and agricultural water investments.
Group B Streptococcus in the urine in nonpregnant adults: Disease or distraction?
Authors: Mongilardi Nicole , Wilson Brigid M. , Bej Taissa A. , Briggs Janet M. , Banks Richard E. , Song Sunah , Jump Robin L. P. , Perez Federico 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this large, retrospective cohort study, we used administrative data to evaluate nonpregnant adults with group B Streptococcus (GBS) bacteriuria. We found greater all-cause mortality in those with urinary tract infections compared to asymptomatic bacteriuria. Differences in patients’ baseline characteristics and the 1-year mortality rate raise the possibility that provider practices contribute to differences observed.
Reading Rostow in a Rhodesian Prison: Anticolonialism and the Reinvention of Modernization in British Central Africa
Authors: Traugh Geoffrey 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines how and why anti-colonial activists in Nyasaland, now Malawi, seized on modernization theory to make their case for national independence in the early 1960s. As far as British officials were concerned, Nyasaland’s small size, large population, and agrarian character meant that it stood little chance of joining the modern, industrialized world. The Malawi Congress Party, however, saw their country differently, as a future “Central African Denmark.” This article argues that Congress’s Danish vision was part of an anti-colonial challenge to the industry-first development strategies that dominated early international development thinking. Congress thinkers, far from rejecting the modernization idea, flipped the framework from industry to agriculture, helping to open new possibilities for small, agrarian territories on the empire’s margins. The article concludes by showing how this agrarian counter-current in development thinking subsequently shaped the international community’s turn to market-friendly, agriculture-centered policies in the 1970s, though in ways that eclipsed the original anti-colonial vision.
First report of Caenorhabditis brenneri (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated from the cadaver of Philippinella moellendorffi (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae), a terrestrial slug in the Philippines
Authors: Dalan L.B. , Diano M.A.B. , Tandingan De Ley I. , Sumaya N.H.N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gastropod-associated nematodes have been previously studied and documented worldwide, with some species forming host-specific association as obligate parasites of molluscs while others form intermediate and temporary association. Philippinella moellendorffi from Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines, were collected, washed and maintained in the laboratory until death. Cadavers were placed on nutrient agar to allow nematode proliferation. Nematode pure culture was obtained using one gravid female for propagation. Morphology and molecular analyses (18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA) were employed as diagnostic tools in identifying the nematode species isolated from P. moellendorffi. The newly isolated nematode was identified as Caenorhabditis brenneri, thus designated as C. brenneri strain IZSP from the Philippines. This is the first record of C. brenneri isolated from the terrestrial slug P. moellendorffi.