bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise and hypoxia unmask pulmonary vascular disease and right ventricular dysfunction in a 10‐ to 12‐week‐old swine model of neonatal oxidative injury
Authors: Steenhorst Jarno J. , Hirsch Alexander , Verzijl Annemarie , Wielopolski Piotr , de Wijs‐Meijler Daphne , Duncker Dirk J. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Merkus Daphne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrematurely born young adults who experienced neonatal oxidative injury (NOI) of the lungs have increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the long‐term effects of NOI on cardiopulmonary function in piglets at the age of 10–12 weeks. To induce NOI, term‐born piglets (1.81 ± 0.06 kg) were exposed to hypoxia (10–12% ), within 2 days after birth, and maintained for 4 weeks or until symptoms of heart failure developed (range 16–28 days), while SHAM piglets were normoxia raised. Following recovery (>5 weeks), NOI piglets were surgically instrumented to measure haemodynamics during hypoxic challenge testing (HCT) and exercise with modulation of the nitric‐oxide system. During exercise, NOI piglets showed a normal increase in cardiac index, but an exaggerated increase in pulmonary artery pressure and a blunted increase in left atrial pressure – suggesting left atrial under‐filling – consistent with an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which correlated with the duration of hypoxia exposure. Moreover, hypoxia duration correlated inversely with stroke volume (SV) during exercise. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and HCT resulted in an exaggerated increase in PVR, while the PVR reduction by phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition was enhanced in NOI compared to SHAM piglets. Finally, within the NOI piglet group, prolonged duration of hypoxia was associated with a better maintenance of SV during HCT, likely due to the increase in RV mass. In conclusion, duration of neonatal hypoxia appears an important determinant of alterations in cardiopulmonary function that persist further into life. These changes encompass both pulmonary vascular and cardiac responses to hypoxia and exercise.
imageKey points
Children who suffered from neonatal oxidative injury, such as very preterm born infants, have increased risk of cardiopulmonary disease later in life.
Risk stratification requires knowledge of the mechanistic underpinning and the time course of progression into cardiopulmonary disease.
Exercise and hypoxic challenge testing showed that 10‐ to 12‐week‐old swine that previously experienced neonatal oxidative injury had increased pulmonary vascular resistance and nitric oxide dependency.
Duration of neonatal oxidative injury was a determinant of structural and functional cardiopulmonary remodelling later in life.
Remodelling of the right ventricle, as a result of prolonged neonatal oxidative injury, resulted in worse performance during exercise, but enabled better performance during the hypoxic challenge test.
Increased nitric oxide dependency together with age‐ or comorbidity‐related endothelial dysfunction may contribute to predisposition to pulmonary hypertension later in life.
Molecular determinants underlying volume‐regulated anion channel subunit‐dependent oxidation sensitivity
Authors: Bertelli Sara , Zuccolini Paolo , Gavazzo Paola , Pusch Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe volume‐regulated anion channel (VRAC) is formed by LRRC8 subunits. Besides their role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis, VRACs are critically involved in oxidative stress mechanisms: reactive oxygen species directly modulate VRACs in a subunit‐dependent manner. It was reported that LRRC8A–LRRC8E heteromeric channels are activated by oxidation, whereas LRRC8A–LRRC8C heteromers are inhibited. Here we adopted chimeric‐ as well as concatemeric‐based strategies to identify residues responsible for the divergent effect of oxidants. We identified two cysteines in the first two leucine rich repeats of LRRC8E, C424 and C448, as the targets of oxidation. Oxidation likely results in the formation of a disulfide bond between the two cysteines, which in turn induces a conformational change leading to channel activation. Additionally, we found that LRRC8C inhibition is caused by oxidation of the first methionine. We thus identified crucial molecular elements involved in channel activation, which are conceivably relevant in determining physiological ROS effects.imageKey pointsVolume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs) are heterohexameric complexes composed of an essential LRRC8A subunit and a variable number of LRRC8B–E subunits.VRACs are directly regulated by oxidation, with LRRC8A–LRRC8E heteromers being potentiated and LRRC8A–LRRC8C heteromers being inhibited by oxidation.We identified two LRRC8E specific intracellular cysteines that form a disulfide bond upon oxidation leading to LRRC8A–LRRC8E potentiation.Inhibition of LRRC8A–LRRC8C heteromers is mediated by the oxidation of the start methionine, being additionally dependent on the identity of the LRR domain.Besides providing physiological insights concerning the outcome of reactive oxygen species modulation, the results point to key structural elements involved in VRAC activation.
¿Existe una relación directa entre la nulidad matrimonial consagrada en el canon 1095,2 del C.I.C. y la imposibilidad de creación de un juicio crítico? : una propuesta que responde a la necesidad inminente de una actuación pastoral de acuerdo con el canon 1063,2 del C.I.C, para una celebración válida y lícita. (1066 del C.I.C.)
Authors:   , Salamanca de Moreno Clemencia 
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación doctoral, se fundamenta en el análisis de dos discursos del Santo Padre (Juan Pablo II y Benedicto XVI) a la Sacra Rota Romana, uno el 18 de enero de 1990, y el otro de especial importancia, pronunciado el 22 de enero de 2011. La pertinencia del trabajo, radica en el urgente llamado del Papa, para que se observe especial cuidado en la preparación al matrimonio, explicando la estrecha relación entre derecho y pastoral, y la necesidad apremiante de una preparación inmediata al sacramento del matrimonio (1063,2), que permita conocer los requisitos canónicos a los contrayentes, como prevención de la nulidad matrimonial, particularmente por la causal consagrada en el canon 1095,2, ante la realidad que se presenta a los contrayentes, "hijos de su tiempo", por las ideologías reinantes que han sido denunciadas por los últimos cuatro Pontífices y que impiden construir un juicio crítico, de acuerdo con el plan de Dios para el matrimonio que permita consentir válidamente. Se presenta como propuesta ante la Conferencia Episcopal de Colombia, entre los que se destacan el concepto de amor como decisión, el sentido de la cruz y la importancia de la gracia santificante, en forma adicional al conocimiento de lo que significa la alianza matrimonial, los fines y las propiedades del sacramento matrimonial.
Diagnosis of Water Failures in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via Physical Parameter Resistances of the Fractional Order Model and Fast Fourier Transform Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Arama Fatima Zohra , Laribi Slimane , Mammar Khaled , Aoun Nouar , Ghaitaoui Touhami , Hamouda Messaoud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe identification of water status is the foundation for fuel cell water management, which is helpful to fuel cell reliability and longevity. In this article, a novel and reliable method for diagnosing the hydration condition of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) was presented using a fractional-order model (FOM) to represent the PEMFCs impedance. The results show that the mean root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the proposed model and experimental data (in normal, drying, or flooding cases) are about 0.034 and 0.473, respectively. The fast Fourier transform–electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (FFT-EIS) was used as an alternative technique that is simple and efficient to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PEMFCs hydration state is monitored by observing the changing effect of the physical resistor values (membrane resistance, polarization, and diffusion resistances) of the proposed model. These resistors, characterized by their high sensitivity to the drying and flooding of PEMFCs, affect the Nyquist impedance spectra and frequency spectrum amplitudes at low and high frequencies. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the proposed strategy can be used to develop new domains in which the PEMFCs’ hydration states can be properly predicted.
Effective Diffusivity From Analytical Solution for Banks of Cylinders
Authors: Beale S. B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Benchmarks are provided for the evaluation of the effective coefficient for species diffusion, or electrical/thermal conduction, in structured porous media. The cases considered corresponding to doubly periodic rows of circular cylinders, for which a power series solution has been previously obtained, from complex variable theory. Both inline and staggered geometries are considered for three common configurations: inline-square, rotated-square, and equilateral geometries. From these mathematical solutions, values for the effective conduction/diffusion coefficient are readily constructed. The results are presented in terms of correlations for the ratio of effective-to-bulk conductivity/diffusivity or microstructural parameter, as a function of porosity. It is shown that near identical results with the present analytical analysis are obtained using calculations based on a finite-volume method and also with a previous mathematical analysis for the case of inline-square geometry. The present analytical solutions are also compared with two well-known correlations for random porous media, based on effective medium and percolation theory. It is shown that agreement with the analytical solution is not in general particularly good and depends on the choice of fitting parameters. The present results may be used as canonical data for comparative studies with numerical procedures to enumerate microstructural parameters for arbitrary-shaped occlusions in random geometries.
Demographic disparities in unimproved drinking water and sanitation in Ghana: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Oppong Felix Boakye , Boateng Dennis , Senkyire Ephraim Kumi , Logo Divine Darlington 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe government of Ghana has targeted universal access to safe drinking water by 2025 and elimination of open defecation by year 2030. This study explored the use of unimproved drinking water and unimproved sanitation and assessed their association with demographic factors.DesignThis was a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Open defecation households were mapped to show regional differences. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the association of demographic variables with use of unimproved drinking water and unimproved toilet facilities.SettingGhana.ParticipantsA total of 26 324 households were included in the analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUse of unimproved drinking water and unimproved toilet facilities.ResultsOut of the 26 324 households, 8.9% used unimproved drinking water while 81.6% used unimproved sanitation. Open defecation was practised by 15.2% of Ghanaian households, with a prevalence of 58.8%, 6.7% and 12.5% in the Northern, Middle and Coastal zones, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, rural households (p<0.001), households with more than five members (p<0.001), households with heads less than 25 years (p=0.018), male-headed households (p<0.001) and household heads with no/low level of education (p<0.001) were significantly associated with drinking unimproved water. Also, rural households (p=0.002), households in the Northern zone (p<0.001), single-member households (p<0.001), households with heads less than 25 years (p<0.001) and household heads with no/low level of education (p<0.001) were significantly associated with using unimproved toilet facilities.ConclusionThe target of universal access to safe drinking water by 2025 and elimination of open defecation by 2030 seems impossible to be achieved if appropriate measures are not implemented. We recommend that state authorities, health partners and non-governmental organisations support local-level sanitation plans and strategies.
Effects of cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and physical fitness on occupational performance of firefighters: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ras Jaron , Kengne Andre Pascal , Smith Denise , Soteriades Elpidoforos Soterakis , Leach Lloyd 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionFirefighting is a hazardous occupation, where firefighters are involved in life-threatening situations, being placed under tremendous physical strain, while wearing heavy and insulated equipment to protect them from chemicals, fumes and high temperatures. This necessitates that firefighter stay in good physical condition and maintain adequate cardiovascular fitness to cope with these stressors and perform their duties with minimal health risks. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effect of cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and physical fitness on the occupational performance of firefighters.Methods and analysisAll study types and designs will be included and appraised. The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCOHost and CINAHL, with no restrictions on publication date. The literature search will be conducted comprehensively to enable the capturing of as many relevant articles as possible but will be limited to English-language papers only. A combination of the appropriate terms (search string) will be used to ensure the inclusion of the relevant components of the participants, exposure, comparison and outcome. A researcher-generated form with the key characteristics of each study will be used to retrieve all relevant details from the selected studies for initial eligibility screening. The Rayyan Intelligent Systematic Review tool will be used to screen and select studies for inclusion, and information from the included studies will be captured on the researcher-generated data extraction form. The The appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS) checklist and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme toolkit will be used to conduct the methodological assessment of each study. Data will be analysed using Review Manager V.5.3. Generated results will be presented using a combination of figures, graphs and tables. The synthesis of quantitative data (using a meta-analysis methodology) will involve the integration of quantitative findings from multiple studies to achieve coherence.Ethics and disseminationThis study obtained ethical clearance from the University of the Western Cape Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BM21/10/9). We will disseminate the findings of in peer-reviewed journals and at national and international conferences. The protocol will form part of a chapter for a doctoral thesis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258898.
Optimising the secondary use of primary care prescribing data to improve quality of care: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Barbazza Erica , Verheij Robert A , Ramerman Lotte , Klazinga Niek , Kringos Dionne 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo explore available data sources, secondary uses and key considerations for optimising the actionability of primary care prescribing data to improve quality of care in the Dutch context.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study was undertaken based on semi-structured interviews. We anchored our investigation around three tracer prescription types: antibiotics; benzodiazepines and opioids. Descriptive and explanatory themes were derived from interview data using thematic analysis.SettingStakeholders were sampled from across the micro (clinical), meso (organisational) and macro (policy) contexts of the Dutch primary care system.ParticipantsThe study involved 28 informants representing general practitioners (GPs), community pharmacists, regional chronic care networks (care groups), academia and research institutes, insurers, professional associations, electronic health record (EHR) vendors and national authorities.ResultsIn the Netherlands, three main sources of data for improving prescribing in primary care are in use: clinical data in the EHRs of GP practices; pharmacy data in community pharmacy databases and claims data of insurers. While the secondary use of pharmacy and claims data is well-established across levels, the use of these data together with EHR data is limited. Important differences in the types of prescribing information needed by micro-meso-macro context are found, though the extent to which current indicators address these varies by prescription type. Five main themes were identified as areas for optimising data use: (1) measuring what matters, (2) increasing data linkages, (3) improving data quality, (4) facilitating data sharing and (5) optimising fit for use analysis.ConclusionsTo make primary care prescribing data useful for improving quality, consolidated patient-specific data on the indication for a prescription and dispensed medicine, over time, is needed. In the Netherlands, the selection of indicators requires further prioritisation to better signal the appropriateness and long-term use of prescription drugs. Prioritising data linkages is critical towards more actionable use.
Clinical outcome following checkpoint therapy in renal cell carcinoma is associated with a burst of activated CD8 T cells in blood
Authors: Carlisle Jennifer Wilkinson , Jansen Caroline S , Cardenas Maria Andrea , Sobierajska Ewelina , Reyes Adriana Moon , Greenwald Rachel , Del Balzo Luke , Prokhnevska Nataliya , Kucuk Omer , Carthon Bradley C , Mullane Patrick Connor , Osunkoya Adeboye , Baumgarten Deborah , Hosseinzadeh Fares , Wilkinson Scott , Lake Ross , Sowalsky Adam G , Liu Yuan , Master Viraj A , Bilen Mehmet A , Kissick Haydn 
Published: July 2022

PurposeCheckpoint therapy is now the cornerstone of treatment for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with advanced disease, but biomarkers are lacking to predict which patients will benefit. This study proposes potential immunological biomarkers that could developed for predicting therapeutic response in patients with RCC.MethodsUsing flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we investigated changes in T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced RCC after receiving immunotherapy. We used immunofluorescence (IF) imaging and flow cytometry to investigate how intratumoral T cells in patients’ tumors (resected months/years prior to receiving checkpoint therapy) predicted patient outcomes after immunotherapy.ResultsWe found that a small proportion of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the blood activate following checkpoint therapy, expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 and activation markers HLA-DR and CD38. Patients who had the highest increase in these HLA-DR +CD38+CD8 T cells after treatment had the best antitumor immune response and experienced clinical benefit. Using RNA sequencing, we found that while these cells expanded in most patients, their phenotype did not drastically change during treatment. However, when we analyzed the TCR repertoire of these HLA-DR +CD38+CD8+T cells, we found that only patients who clinically benefitted had a burst of new clonotypes enter this pool of activated cells. Finally, we found that abundant T cells in the untreated tumors predicted clinical benefit to checkpoint therapy on disease progression.ConclusionsTogether, these data suggest that having a strong pre-existing immune response and immediate peripheral T-cell activation after checkpoint therapy is a predictor of clinical benefit in patients with RCC.
Transformational changes for achieving the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework ecological connectivity goals
Authors: Lemieux Christopher J. , Beazley Karen F. , MacKinnon David , Wright Pamela , Kraus Daniel , Pither Richard , Crawford Lindsay , Jacob Aerin L. , Hilty Jodi 
Published: July 2022

The first draft of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) includes an unprecedented call for states that have ratified the treaty (Parties) to implement measures to maintain and enhance ecological connectivity as urgent actions to abate further biodiversity loss and ecosystem decline. Considering the challenges that lie ahead for Parties to the CBD, we highlight the ways in which effective and equitable connectivity conservation can be achieved through four transformative changes, including: (1) mainstreaming connectivity retention and restoration within biodiversity conservation sector and influencing sectors (e.g., transportation, energy, agriculture, forestry); (2) mainstreaming financial resources and incentives to support effective implementation; (3) fostering collaboration with a focus on cross-sector collective action; and (4) investing in diverse forms of knowledge (co-)production and management in support of adaptive governance. We detail 15 key actions that can be used to support the implementation of these transformative changes. While ambitious, the transformative changes and associated key actions recommended in this perspective will need to be put in place with unprecedented urgency, coherency, and coordination if Parties to the CBD truly aspire to achieve the goals and targets of the forthcoming Post-2020 GBF in this new decade of biodiversity.
The pion in the graviton soft-wall model: phenomenological applications
Authors: Rinaldi Matteo , Ceccopieri Federico Alberto , Vento Vicente 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe holographic graviton soft-wall model, introduced to describe the spectrum of scalar and tensor glueballs, is improved to incorporate the realization of chiral-symmetry as in QCD. Such a goal is achieved by including the longitudinal dynamics of QCD into the scheme. Using the relation between AdS/QCD and light-front dynamics, we construct the appropriate wave function for the pion which is used to calculate several pion observables. The comparison of our results with phenomenology is remarkably successful.
Agegraphic model based on the generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Sadatian S. Davood , Sabouri A. 
Published: July 2022

Many models of dark energy have been proposed to describe the universe since the beginning of the Big Bang. In this study, we present a new model of agegraphic dark energy based on the three generalized uncertainty principles KMM (Kempf, Mangan, Mann), Nouicer and [Formula: see text] (higher orders generalized uncertainty principle). Using the obtained relations from three types of Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GU P), in the form of three scenarios (Emergent, Intermediate, Logamediate), we consider three different eras of the universe evolution. Also, we describe the evolution and expansion of the universe in each subsection. We will plot the obtained relations in these models for better comparatione.