bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Basic Problem of the Logic of Meaning (I)
Authors: de Rouilhan Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Le « probleme fondamental de la theorie des ensembles » (comme disait Mirimanoff) est pose par le paradoxe de Russell relatif aux ensembles. Ce paradoxe montre qua line formule a line variable libre ne correspond pas toujours un ensemble, et le probleme est de faire le depart entre les formules auquelles correspond un ensemble et celles auxquelles n 'en correspond pas. Or la situation avec les propositions en tant qu'objets des attitudes propositionnelles est, sans qu'on s'en soit suffisamment rendu comptejusqu 'id, analogue a ce qu 'elle est pour les ensembles. II existe un certain paradoxe relatif aux propositions, decouvert lui aussi par Russell, et par la suite pratiquement tombe dans I'oubli. Le caractere « hyperintensionnel » (Vexpression est de Cresswell) des propositions russelliennes joue un role essentiel dans la production du paradoxe. Ce paradoxe montre qua un enonce ne correspond pas toujours line proposition; le probleme est alors de faire le depart entre les enonces auxquels correspond line proposition et ceux auxquels n'en correspond pas. C'est le « probleme fondamental de la theorie des propositions ». L'extension de ce paradoxe aux proprietes et aux relations conduit au « probleme fondamental de la logique de la signification ». La litterature contient dejd une solution, dont I'idee remonte a la theorie des types ramifiee de Russell. Mais je privilegie Videe d'une logique non typee de la signification. Je reprends le probleme a zero en m 'inspirant de recherches miennes plus anciennes sur la notion fregeenne de representation (Vertretung). Je propose une formalisation de la logique naive de la signification et des paradoxes hyperintensionnels auxquels elle donne prise. Je demontre que les strategies classiques de resolution des paradoxes extensionnels en theorie des ensembles ne sont pas applicables a la resolution des paradoxes hyperintensionnels en logique de la signification.
Une question de point de vue James, Husserl, Wittgenstein et l'« erreur du psychologue »
Authors: Steiner Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Ce texte se propose de revenir sur la manière dont les Principles of Psychology ont été compris et discutés par Husserl et par Wittgenstein. Pour ce faire, on se focalisera ici sur le sens et l’importance stratégique de la dénonciation effectuée par James de l’ erreur du psychologue dans le chapitre VII de l’ouvrage, antérieur au chapitre « The Stream of Thought » qui a retenu toute l’attention de Husserl et de Wittgenstein. Il est suggéré qu’une des sources permettant de déterminer ce qui est en jeu dans les usages divergents des Principles par Husserl et Wittgenstein se situe crucialement dans la manière dont cette dénonciation de l’erreur du psychologue peut être comprise à partir des perspectives respectives des deux auteurs. Un rappel des tensions principales entre, d’une part, le travail de James dans les Principles et, d’autre part, les critiques husserliennes et wittgensteiniennes de la psychologie, permet de comprendre l’importance, la radicalité, mais aussi les insuffisances de cette dénonciation jamesienne de l’erreur du psychologue.
Ortega : réalité et phénoménologie
Authors: González Fernández Enrique 
Published: March 2022

Selon Julian Marías, dès qu'Ortega pensa soigneusement la phénoménologie, il alla au-delà de celle-ci en ce qu'elle a de philosophie idéaliste, d'affirmation de la conscience comme réalité absolue. L'élimination de l'exécutif est illusoire, parce que la réalité même, et non son image ou son concept, est exécutoire ; quand le phénoménologue croit être en train de se consacrer à un moi phénoménologiquement réduit, à un moi-conscience, c'est son moi exécutif, pleinement réel, qui opère avec une image passée de son moi, qui fut également auparavant exécutif. La réalité de notre vie apparaît sous l'illusion de la conscience.
The Birth of Materialism out of the Spirit of Expressionism: Nietzsche and Bloch’s Philosophy of Language
Authors: Moir Cat 
Published: March 2022

Cet article propose d’explorer la relation entre le statut d’écrivain supposé de Bloch, sa réception de l’œuvre de Nietzsche, et sa philosophie du langage, implicite dans son travail selon l’auteur. D’abord, nous montrerons que l’élan central au cœur du travail expressionniste, à savoir « l’esprit d’expressionisme », provient de l’idée nietzschéenne selon laquelle le langage, qu’il soit verbal ou visuel, ne représente pas de façon transparente une vérité extérieure donnée ou immuable, mais plutôt que la pensée et le sens dépendent intrinsèquement de la forme des expressions matérielles qu’ils reçoivent. Nous expliquerons que cette idée non seulement conditionne la philosophie du langage de Nietzsche, mais aussi anime la génération d’artistes et de penseurs à laquelle Bloch appartient. Ensuite, nous situerons la réception initiale blochéenne de l’œuvre de Nietzsche dans le contexte plus global de son entreprise de création de la métaphysique matérialiste. Pour ce faire, nous montrerons que le matérialisme de Bloch est né, à de nombreux égards, de son interprétation de la façon dont Nietzsche construit la nature du sens, interprétation fondée sur une vision marxienne qui promeut la construction collective et subjective du sens à travers l’action sociale. Enfin, nous proposerons de reconstruire la philosophie du langage de Bloch, d’abord à ses balbutiements dans Geist der Utopie , puis dans sa forme plus aboutie dans Experimentum Mundi.
Sur les « fantasias » marocaines d’Eugène Delacroix
Authors: Pouillon François 
Published: March 2022

Concernant les démonstrations équestres du Maghreb, on dispose d’une enquête d’une précision exceptionnelle : les carnets d’Eugène Delacroix pendant son voyage au Maroc en 1832-1833. C’est d’ailleurs au titre d’un de ses tableaux que l’on fait classiquement remonter le terme fantasia qui servit à désigner ces cavalcades passablement ritualisées en Afrique du nord. Un examen plus précis de la documentation montre pourtant que Delacroix n’utilisa jamais le terme pendant son séjour marocain et que ce qu’il montre, dans ses dessins et les tableaux qu’il en tire, est tout autre chose que ce que l’on a pris l’habitude de désigner sous ce terme. La précision de la documentation, mais aussi les enquêtes conduites en Algérie à la même période, sur les pratiques équestres des Arabes (en particulier la somme publiée par le Général Daumas sur les Chevaux du Sahara), nous donne un bon exemple de ce que l’on appelle suivant Hobsbawm et Ranger, l’« invention de la tradition ». Car ce n’est qu’autour de 1850, soit après que l’émir Abdelkader eût déposé les armes, que l’on assiste à une formalisation de ces jeux équestres, cela même dans une entreprise de séduction des aristocraties indigènes par le pouvoir colonial. C’est bien là l’irruption d’une rupture historique : une pratique guerrière devenue un rituel folklorisé.
Comparison of Cox proportional hazards model, Cox proportional hazards with time-varying coefficients model, and lognormal accelerated failure time model
Authors: Mardhiah Kamaruddin , Wan-Arfah Nadiah , Naing Nyi Nyi , Hassan Muhammad Radzi Abu , Chan Huan-Keat 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To compare the prognostic factors of mortality among melioidosis patients between lognormal accelerated failure time (AFT), Cox proportional hazards (PH), and Cox PH with time-varying coefficient (TVC) models.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted from 2014 to 2019 among 453 patients who were admitted to Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah and Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis in Northern Malaysia due to confirmed-cultured melioidosis. The prognostic factors of mortality from melioidosis were obtained from AFT survival analysis, and Cox’s models and the findings were compared by using the goodness of fit methods. The analyses were done by using Stata SE version 14.0.

Results:
A total of 242 patients (53.4%) survived. In this study, the median survival time of melioidosis patients was 30.0 days (95% CI 0.0-60.9). Six significant prognostic factors were identified in the Cox PH model and Cox PH-TVC model. In AFT survival analysis, a total of seven significant prognostic factors were identified. The results were found to be only a slight difference between the identified prognostic factors among the models. AFT survival showed better results compared to Cox’s models, with the lowest Akaike information criteria and best fitted Cox-snell residuals.

Conclusions:
AFT survival analysis provides more reliable results and can be used as an alternative statistical analysis for determining the prognostic factors of mortality in melioidosis patients in certain situations.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage complicating dengue haemorrhagic fever in a 15-year-old boy
Authors: Gopal Prashant , Hareshkumar Chaudhary Niraliben , Saranya N.S.S. , Diggikar Pradnya 
Published: March 2022

Rationale:
Dengue fever is a viral infection that is spread through the bites of infected female Aedes mosquitos. It can cause life threatening complications, including dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome.

Patient concerns:
A 15-year-old male presented with fever and petechiae and later developed hemoptysis.

Diagnosis:
Dengue fever with DHF with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

Interventions:
Invasive ventilation with high positive end expiratory pressure, multiple transfusions of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, single donor platelets and inotropic support

Outcomes:
The patient was stabilized and discharged on minimal supplemental oxygen.

Lessons:
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, although very rare, should be considered in a patient with dengue who presents with hemoptysis. The treatment is directed at providing respiratory and circulatory support, and preventing the progression of microcirculation damage.
The Effect of Orexin-2 and Endocannabinoid-1 Antagonists on Neuronal Activity of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in Response to Tramadol in Rats
Authors: Imanpour Vajihe , Reisi Parham 
Published: March 2022

Background:
CA1, as a major structure involved in learning and memory, has been shown to be affected by tramadol addiction. Both orexin and endocannabinoid receptors express in CA1 and play an important role in drug dependency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulatory effects of orexin-2 (OX2R) and endocannabinoid-1 (CB1R) receptors on neuronal activity in CA1, in response to tramadol in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 6–7); saline-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tramadol-DMSO, saline-TCS-OX2-29, saline-AM251, tramadol-TCS-OX2-29, tramadol-AM251, saline-TCS-OX2-29-AM251, tramadol-TCS-OX2-29-AM251. Tramadol was injected intraperitoneally, and then, AM251 (1 nmol/0.3 μL), CB1R antagonist and TCS-OX2-29 (1 nmol/0.3 μL), OX2R antagonist, were microinjected individually or concurrently into the CA1. Using in vivo extracellular single-unit recording, the firing of CA1 pyramidal neurons was investigated.

Results:
Tramadol decreased neuronal activity in CA1 (P < 0.01) but increased it after micro-injection of DMSO. TCS-OX2-29 increased neuronal activity in saline group (P < 0.05) but decreased it in tramadol group. AM251 had no effect on saline group but decreased neuronal activity in tramadol group (P < 0.05). Concurrent micro-injection of TCS-OX2-29 and AM251 had no effect on saline group but decreased neuronal activity in tramadol group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that neural activity in CA1 is rapidly affected by acute use of tramadol, and some of these effects may be induced through the endocannabinoid and orexin systems. Thus, the function of endocannabinoid and orexin systems in CA1 may play a role in tramadol addiction.
A Comparative Study of Effect of 0.25% Levobupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine versus 0.25% Levobupivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Iyer Lakshmi S. , Bhat Shreyas S. , Nethra H.N , Vijayakumar H.N , Sudheesh K , Ramachandriah  
Published: March 2022

Context:
Dexmedetomidine, an α2-agonist, has been studied widely as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in regional anesthesia techniques to enhance the quality and duration of analgesia (DOA). It was hypothesized that addition of dexmedetomidine 0.5 ug.kg[FIGURE DASH]1 to levobupivacaine would prolong the DOA.

Aims:
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block with respect to onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, and duration of analgesia.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective randomized double-blind study carried out at a tertiary hospital attached to medical college.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists PS Class I and II patients aged between 18 and 60 years of either sex, undergoing elective upper-limb surgery lasting more than 30 min, were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of thirty each to receive ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Group L was given nerve block with 20 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine and 1 mL saline, and Group D received 20 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 0.5 ug.kg[FIGURE DASH]1 of dexmedetomidine (diluted to volume of 1 mL). Onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade, time to first rescue analgesia, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test for qualitative variables and Student's unpaired “t“ test for continuous variables were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The onset of sensory and motor blockade was 6.51 ± 0.77 min and 10.71 ± 0.34 min in Group D and 9.9 ± 0.45 and 15.93 ± 1.92 min in Group L, respectively (P < 0.005). DOA was 9.53 ± 0.29 h in Group D and 3.89 ± 0.30 h in Group L (P < 0.001). The duration of sensory and motor block was 9.14 ± 0.19 h and 8.55 ± 0.31 h in Group D and 6.15 ± 3.02 and 5.61 ± 2.98 h in Group L, respectively (P < 0.005). No adverse effects were observed in either of the groups.

Conclusions:
Addition of 0.5 ug.kg[FIGURE DASH]1 of dexmedetomidine to 20 mL 0.25% levobupivacaine in ultrasound guided (USG)-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block shortens the onset time of sensory and motor blockade and prolongs duration of sensory and motor block and DOA.
Comparison of Postoperative Pain and Analgesia Requirement among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients undergoing Lower Limb Fracture Surgery – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sravani K. B. , Nikhar Sapna Annaji , Padhy Narmada , Durga Padmaja , Ramachandran Gopinath 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Diabetic patients usually experience neuropathic pain and have a decreased response to opioids. Fractures are acute conditions and as such, they are very painful. No data is available related to fracture and postoperative pain in diabetics.

Aim:
This study was conducted to evaluate postoperative pain and analgesics requirement among diabetic and nondiabetic patients undergoing lower limb fracture surgery and the effect of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the postoperative pain.

Setting and Design:
This was a prospective observational study, conducted on 80 patients comprising of nondiabetic and diabetic, scheduled for elective lower limb fracture surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:
HbA1c was done in all the patients who were included in the study. Postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and analgesic consumption were assessed by an anesthesiologist blinded to the diabetic or nondiabetic status of the patients. VAS was assessed every 2nd hourly, for 24 h and rescue analgesia was given if the VAS was ≥4 and record was maintained. Sedation scores and adverse effects were also recorded postoperatively.

Statistical Analysis:
The Chi-square test was used for the analysis of categorical variables and Student's t-test was used for continuous variables.

Results:
Diabetic group of patients had a significantly high VAS score with P ≤ 0.05. Rescue analgesics requirement was significantly different in two groups with diabetic patients requiring more supplementation of analgesia with a P = 0.025. The overall patient satisfaction was lesser in diabetic group (P = 0.004). There was statistically significant correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and VAS at 2nd, 16th, 18th, 20th, 22nd, and 24th h.

Conclusion:
Postoperative pain and analgesic requirement was significantly higher in diabetic patients with lower limb fracture. Glycosylated hemoglobin had good correlation with higher VAS.
MiR-375 and miR-5691 exert anti-fibroproliferative effects on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by suppressing thrombospondin 1 expression
Authors: Zhou Xiaoliang , Ye Hua , Wang Xianlin , Tu Jiajin , Lv Jing 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is characterized by the hyperproliferation of fibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) is a component of the ECM, which has been implicated in HS formation.

Objectives:
This study aimed to explore whether miR-375/miR-5691 could modulate HS formation by targeting THBS1.

Methods:
The expression levels of miR-375/miR-5691/THBS1 in HS and normal skin tissues were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-2,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide and Western blot assays were performed on fibroblasts isolated from HS tissues (HSFBs) to determine cell proliferation and the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis-related proteins (caspase3/9, cleaved caspase3/9, Bax, and Bcl-2), and ECM-related proteins. The binding sites between THBS1 and miR-375/miR-5691 were predicted by the TargetScan. Dual-luciferase reporter and anti-Ago2 immunoprecipitation assays were applied to confirm the interactions between THBS1 and miR-375/miR-5691.

Results:
The expression levels of both miR-375 and miR-5691 were downregulated in HS tissues and HSFBs, which were negatively correlated with THBS1 expression levels. The overexpression of miR-375/miR-5691 inhibited cell proliferation and ECM production, and promoted apoptosis of HSFBs, while silencing of miR-375/miR-5691 led to an opposite result. In the mechanism analysis, THBS1 was confirmed as the direct target gene of miR-375/miR-5691. Furthermore, rescue experiments showed that the suppressed growth of HSFBs and ECM production induced by silencing of THBS1 was reversed by miR-375/miR-5691 inhibitors.

Conclusion:
MiR-375/miR-5691 was downregulated in HS tissues, and it could suppress the hyperproliferation and ECM production of HSFBs by targeting THBS1.
Prenatal infection predisposes offspring to enhanced susceptibility to imiquimod-mediated psoriasiform dermatitis in mice
Authors: Yu Sebastian , Lee Chia-Wen , Li Yu-An , Chen Tsung-Hsi , Yu Hsin-Su 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Infection can upregulate T helper 17 (Th17) signaling and exacerbate psoriasis. Literature has indicated that prenatal infection induces embryonic development toward Th17 signaling and is a risk factor for developing certain Th17-skewing disorders such as autism in offspring. However, it remains unclear if a prenatal infection is a risk factor for developing psoriasis in offspring.

Objectives:
We investigated if a prenatal infection predisposes mice offspring to enhanced susceptibility to psoriatic inflammation.

Methods:
Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid poly I:C to simulate prenatal bacterial and viral infection, respectively. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection was used as the control. When mice offspring were at the age of 9–10 weeks, imiquimod (IMQ) cream or control vehicle was applied topically on ears for 5 consecutive days to induce psoriasiform dermatitis. The extent of epidermal hyperplasia and the number of Munro microabscesses were examined by histologic analysis. Protein expressions of neutrophil marker Ly6 g and Th17-associated cytokines were measured by western blotting.

Results:
Prenatal infection with LPS or poly I:C induced a greater extent of epidermal hyperplasia and more Munro microabscesses after IMQ application as compared with prenatal PBS injection. Mice offspring with prenatal infection also had higher protein expressions of Ly6 g, IL-17a, and interleukin-23 after IMQ stimulation compared with their PBS controls.

Conclusion:
Prenatal infection predisposes mice offspring to enhanced susceptibility to IMQ-mediated psoriasiform dermatitis. The data obtained from the present animal study suggest that prenatal infection might be a risk factor for developing psoriasis in offspring.
Drug survival of biologic agents in patients with psoriatic arthritis from a medical center in southern Taiwan
Authors: Yu Sebastian , Tsao Yu-Hsiang , Tu Hung-Pin , Lan Cheng-Che E. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin and/or joints. Till 2016, there were five biologic agents for psoriatic arthritis treatment in Taiwan: etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, ustekinumab, and secukinumab. Although European guidelines recommend tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors as the first-line biologic agents for axial disease of psoriatic arthritis, the drug survival of biologic agents in Asian populations remains unclear.

Objectives:
We investigated 5-year drug survival of biologic agents in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

Methods:
We used Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Database to evaluate real-world 5-year drug survival of biologic agents for psoriatic arthritis in a medical center from southern Taiwan.

Results:
The 5-year drug survival rates of ustekinumab, etanercept, and adalimumab were significantly different. Ustekinumab and etanercept showed higher 5-year survival rates for psoriatic disease than adalimumab. Golimumab and secukinumab had a short follow-up time to obtain a conclusive 5-year survival rate.

Conclusion:
Considering that TNF-α inhibitors are often the first-line biologic agents for psoriatic arthritis in guidelines in western countries, the finding that ustekinumab is superior to TNF-α inhibitor adalimumab in terms of 5-year survival for psoriatic disease may imply that the therapeutic response of biologic agents may differ between different ethnic groups.