bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of eastern segment of the Central India Tectonic Zone: an insight from a magnetotelluric study
Authors: Raju Khasi , Patro Prasanta K , Borah Ujjal K , Srivastava Shalivahan , Reddy K Chinna 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYThe collision process between the South Indian Block (SIB) and North Indian Block (NIB) resulted in the development of the complex crustal nature of the Central India Tectonic Zone (CITZ). The evolutionary past of CITZ covers a long geological time (∼1000 Ma), which corresponds to the assembly and spreading of Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents. Despite several studies in the western and central parts of the CITZ, the location of the suture zone between the SIB and NIB is still under debate. In addition to that, the crustal structure in the eastern segment of CITZ is yet to be resolved. Therefore, for the first time, a dense station coverage magnetotelluric (MT) study is carried out along a 275 km transect in the eastern segment of CITZ from Pandaria to Rewa. The complexity of the Central Indian Shear (CIS) and Tan Shear Zone (TSZ) are reflected as anomalous phases (beyond 90°) in the MT data. A deep crustal resistivity model derived from 2-D and 3-D inversion of the MT data brought out a high-to-moderate conductivity structure (10–100 Ω-m) in the middle of the surface expressions of CIS and TSZ. The conductive structure could be related to a deformation zone formed by tectonic interaction of the CIS and TSZ or multiple tectonic boundaries in the middle of the CIS and TSZ. The conductive structure observed in the southern limit of the CITZ also may indicate the tectonic boundary between the SIB and NIB. The high conductivity in the deformation zone may be explained by the collision-related metallic rich sediments and/or mylonite associated with interconnected fluids. Moderately conductive vertical features delineated from the MT model correlate with the intrabasinal faults which might have acted as the pathways for Deccan volcanism. This study suggests that the CITZ could have been developed under the transition of oceanic subduction to continental collision processes at multiple geological times.
“Managing Up”: Cultivating Relationships With Practice Leaders
Authors: Wahab Rifat A , Brown Ann , Vijapura Charmi , Mahoney Mary C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
“Managing up” for the radiologist means developing and cultivating work relationships to benefit high-level stakeholders and the institution at large, and to maximize one’s own effectiveness. Today’s breast radiologists are responsible for more than image interpretation and image-guided interventions. Radiologists’ roles and responsibilities have evolved to include clinical initiatives, staff development, quality improvement, and administrative tasks where management skills are needed. To be successful in these roles, developing skills to manage up will allow radiologists to be more effective team members. In this article, we discuss tactics to start developing strategies for managing up, including how to understand practice leaders and create meaningful relationships; explain various work style personalities and how to navigate them; describe how to understand oneself, including strengths and weaknesses; and, finally, provide tips on how to begin to cultivate managing up skills.
Immunotherapy Outcomes in Individuals With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Poor Performance Status
Authors: Veluswamy Rajwanth , Hu Liangyuan , Smith Cardinale , Ji Jiayi , Wang Xiaoliang , Wisnivesky Juan , Morillo Jose , Kale Minal S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated in real-world practice typically have worse performance status (PS) compared with clinical trial patients, and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in this population in unknown. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of standard of care immunotherapy for the first-line treatment of stage IV patients with NSCLC with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS greater than or equal to 2.

Methods
We selected ECOG PS greater than or equal to 2 patients from real-world oncology data from a deidentified database and included them if they were diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC and had documented Programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-(L)1] expression greater than 0. Patients with tumor PD-(L)1 expression of at least 50% treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy were compared with those who did not have any documented treatment. Patients with tumor PD-(L)1 expression less than 50% treated with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy were compared with those treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy and those without documented treatment.

Results
In our propensity score–adjusted analysis, patients with ECOG PS of at least 2 and tumor PD-(L)1 expression of at least 50% treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy had statistically significantly better real-world overall survival compared with those without documented treatment (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39, 95% confidence internal [CI] = 0.32 to 0.47). For patients with tumor PD-(L)1 expression less than 50%, there was also a statistically significant real-world overall survival benefit for those who received treatment either with combination pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (adjusted HR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.46) or pembrolizumab monotherapy (adjusted HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.70) compared with patients receiving no documented treatment.

Conclusions
Among a highly representative sample of patients with advanced NSCLC and poor PS, our findings suggest that immunotherapy may provide an important survival benefit in individuals with high PD-(L)1–expressing tumors and in conjunction with chemotherapy in tumors with low PD-(L)1 expression.
The Enigma of Mehri and Southern Peninsular Arabic Existential śī and šī
Authors: Wilmsen David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Modern South Arabian languages and the many varieties of Arabic share in the functions of a particle, realised in the largest extant MSA language, Mehri, as si and variously in Arabic as šay(y), še, ši and ši. In the Modern South Arabian languages and in the Arabic varieties of southern Arabian Peninsula, si and reflexes of ši serve as existential particles with a meaning analogous to English ‘there is/was’. The doublet si/ši also performs other grammatical operations in both sets of languages, functioning as partitives, polar interrogatives and as expressing the various meanings of ‘thing’. This similarity of form and function in Arabic and MSA suggests borrowing from one language to the other, although shared inheritance cannot be discounted completely. The assumption about Arabic reflexes of ši is that their grammatical functions derive originally from that word for ‘thing’ (of which there are others in both languages). Similarly, the assumption has been that MSA si is borrowed from the same Arabic word. Nevertheless, the analogous usages between Mehri and Arabic give cause to reassess such assumptions, leading to the opposite conclusion: The borrowing proceeded from MSA to Arabic and the substantive meaning is the end form, not the origin.
A map of the Urals emotional perception (based on modern regional poetry)
Authors: Semyan Tatyana , Smyshlyaev Eugene A , Babina Olga I , Sheremetyeva Svetlana O 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study of emotional categories in the literary texts of contemporary regional authors and creating a map of the Urals emotional perception based on the data obtained with the Digital Humanities methods is believed to be of great value for solving an important scientific and socio-cultural problems of revealing local specifics and regional identity that faced the Russian society at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. For several decades, the modern Ural literature has been a striking socio-cultural phenomenon, numbering more than a hundred writers from different cities (Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, etc.). One of the key features of the modern Ural poetry is the reflection of regional identity in literary texts. The poems of the Ural writers are full of local toponyms, images of the Urals’ industrial cities and unique nature, as well as of local myths. In this article, a wide range of emotional categories (such as surprise, fear, anger, disgust, joy, contempt, sadness, love, etc.) in modern poetry is investigated based on the emotional models by the American psychologists Robert Plutchik (Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Vol. 1: Theories of Emotion. New York: Academic), Carroll Izard (Izard, C. E., 2012, The Psychology of Emotions. New York: Plenum), and Paul Ekman (Ekman, P., 2007, Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life. New York: Holt Paperbacks). The purpose of the research is to discover what emotions prevail in modern poetic texts dedicated to the Ural region by analysing how literary works absorb and critically rethink the space of the Urals. A comprehensive research methodology is proposed that combines a qualitative study of the literary material and automated quantitative-digital analysis of corpus data with the subsequent visualization of the results.
Theorizing Leadership Credibility: The Concept and Causes of the Perceived Credibility of Leadership Initiatives
Authors: Jakobsen Mads Leth Felsager , Andersen Lotte Bøgh , van Luttervelt Mads Pieter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere are important reasons to conceptualize leadership credibility and formulate explicit expectations about its causes. First, credibility can be an important precondition when leaders aim to increase performance in public organizations that face complex societal problems and volatile governance. Second, leadership credibility is often mentioned but seldom systematically studied in the public administration literature. Based on a conceptualization of five distinct systematized concepts of leadership credibility, this article develops a theory of the perceived credibility of leadership initiatives and its antecedents (leader credibility, leader investments in the initiative and rules concerning authority, benefits, and costs). We define perceived credibility of leadership initiatives as the plausibility followers assign to a leadership initiative being realized. The concept is applicable across various types of leadership initiatives including visionary and transactional leadership within the public sector. The theory illuminates how leadership credibility draws on individual follower perceptions, leader behaviors, and institutions such as formal rules and professional norms. Compared to existing conceptualizations within public administration, it is more specific as it separates credibility from its effects, its antecedents, and the applied leadership strategies. It provides a much needed theoretical vocabulary for the study of leadership credibility within public administration and adjacent disciplines.
Extra-articular findings with FDG-PET/CT in rheumatoid arthritis patients: more harm than benefit
Authors: Ulijn Evy , den Broeder Alfons A , Boers Nadine , Gotthardt Martin , Bouman Chantal A M , Landewé Robert , den Broeder Nathan , van Herwaarden Noortje 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Whole-body PET with CT scanning using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is used occasionally in RA patients to detect arthritis. FDG-PET/CT might also detect malignancies, but the amount of incidental findings and the number of relevant malignant diseases that could be missed are currently unknown. We aimed to study the malignancy screening performance of whole-body FDG-PET/CT in longstanding RA patients with low disease activity.

Methods
FDG-PET/CT scanning was done in the intervention arm of the Dose REduction Strategy of Subcutaneous TNF-inhibitors (DRESS) study, a randomized controlled trial on dose-tapering of biological DMARDs. The reference standard was clinical diagnosis of malignancy during the 3-year follow-up period of the study. Prevalence of extra-articular abnormalities, follow-up and treatments were summarized post hoc.

Results
One hundred and twenty-one scans were carried out in 79 patients. Extra-articular abnormalities were found in 59 of 121 (49%) scans, resulting in additional diagnostic procedures in 21 of 79 (26.6%) patients. Nine patients (7.4%) were suspected of malignancy; none turned out to be malignant. Six clinical malignancies that developed during follow-up were all negative on baseline FDG-PET/CT.

Conclusion
Whole-body FDG-PET/CT scanning used in RA patients for imaging of arthritis results in frequent incidental extra-articular findings, whereas some who apparently had normal scans also developed malignancies.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register, www.trialregister.nl, NL6771.
A systematic review and proposed conceptual model of sleep disturbances during pediatric hospitalizations
Authors: Fidler Andrea L , Voorhees Sara , Zhou Eric S , Stacciarini Jeanne-Marie , Fedele David A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
The current review aims to examine factors that influence pediatric inpatient sleep and determine the effectiveness of sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases. Studies included children with a mean age between 1 and 18 years old that either described factors affecting the sleep of children who are hospitalized on a non-intensive care unit or reported on sleep-related intervention outcomes. We conducted separate narrative reviews for each of the two aims and then synthesized findings from quantitative and qualitative studies across both aims.

Results
Forty-five articles were included for review. Despite most sleep disturbances being attributed to environmental disruptions (e.g. noise, staff interruptions), most interventions targeted the child level using relaxation techniques. Although the majority of interventions were small pilot studies, preliminary findings appear to positively impact sleep duration. The Pediatric Inpatient Sleep Model was proposed to illustrate connections between sleep disturbances, factors influencing sleep, and existing intervention components.

Conclusions
Replication studies are needed, including larger-scale sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children. Given the identification of environmental factors as the main cause of night wakings, environmental modifications are crucial. Additional research examining contributors to intraindividual variability in disrupted sleep patterns during hospitalizations as well as the consequences of these disturbances is warranted.
Cardiovascular risks and sociodemographic correlates of multidimensional sleep phenotypes in two samples of US adults
Authors: Lee Soomi , Smith Claire E , Wallace Meredith L , Andel Ross , Almeida David M , Patel Sanjay R , Buxton Orfeu M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular conditions. Holistic examination of within-person, multidimensional sleep patterns may offer more detailed information about the sleep-cardiovascular condition link, including who is more vulnerable to both. This study aimed to identify common sleep phenotypes in adulthood, establish the validity of the phenotypes in relation to cardiovascular conditions, and explore sociodemographic and background characteristics of the phenotypes.MethodsAcross two independent samples of adults (N1 = 4600; N2 = 2598) from the Midlife in the United States Study, latent class analysis (LCA) extracted sleep phenotypes using five key self-reported sleep dimensions. Log-binomial regression was used to determine whether sleep phenotypes differentially predicted cardiovascular conditions, adjusting for known risk factors. LCA with covariates was used to compare sociodemographic characteristics of the identified sleep phenotypes.ResultsFour sleep phenotypes were identified consistently across the two samples: good sleepers, nappers, dissatisfied/inefficient sleepers, and irregular sleepers. Compared to good sleepers (reference), dissatisfied/inefficient sleepers exhibited a higher risk of cardiovascular conditions in both samples (RRSample1: 29%, RRSample2: 53%) and consisted of relatively more racial/ethnic minorities. Nappers exhibited a higher risk of cardiovascular conditions in one sample (RRSample1: 38%) and consisted of more women and older adults. Irregular sleepers exhibited no significantly different cardiovascular risk and were relatively younger.ConclusionsCommon sleep phenotypes in adulthood exhibit differential risks for cardiovascular conditions. Cooccurring sleep dissatisfaction and inefficiency, in particular, may relate to increased risk of cardiovascular conditions. Certain sociodemographic groups (racial minorities, women, older adults) disproportionately fit within high-risk sleep phenotypes.
Impacts of Fracture Types on Success Rate of Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning in Pediatric Lateral Condyle Humerus Fractures Displaced >4 mm
Authors: Xie Li-wei , Tan Gang , Deng Zhi-qiang , Liu Xin , Zhou Ying , Zhang Hui , Yin De-long 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) is a promising treatment for pediatric lateral condyle humerus fractures (LCHFs) displaced >4 mm. However, few studies discussed roles of fracture types on success of CRPP in LCHFs. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of types of LCHFs displaced >4 mm on the success rate of CRPP.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 66 consecutive pediatric LCHFs attempted CRPP at our center. Song, Milch, Jakob, and Weiss classification were used to classify LCHFs. The fracture gap ≤2 mm and step of articular surface ≤2 mm were deemed as a successful CRPP. Otherwise, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) would be performed. Different fracture types and preoperative displacement were analyzed for their roles on success rate of CRPP in treating LCHFs displaced >4 mm.

Results:
Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria were finally included in this study. Results showed that Milch type II LCHFs had a higher success rate of CRPP than type I LCHFs (P=0.03, <0.05). Correlation was found between Milch types and success rate of CRPP displaced >4 mm. No difference was found between Song stage 4 and 5 LCHFs displaced >4 mm in success rate of CRPP (P=0.90, >0.05), also no difference was found in pre-operative displacement between CRPP group and ORIF group.

Conclusions:
Milch classification is more important than Song classification in the success rate of CRPP when treating LCHFs displaced >4 mm. Milch type II LCHFs are recommended to be treated with CRPP, while Milch type I LCHFs are recommended to be treated with ORIF. The current study confirm Song’s initial report that closed reduction can be successful and should be attempted for fractures with such displacement rather than going directly to ORIF.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Leadership and Staff Perceptions on Long-term Care Staffing Challenges Related to Certified Nursing Assistant Retention
Authors: Creapeau Lindsey J. G. , Johs-Artisensi Jennifer L. , Lauver Kristy J. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE
This study investigates practices that may help retain certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and address the staffing challenges faced in long-term care.

BACKGROUND
CNAs are critical to quality care and retention has never been more challenging. To solve this staffing crisis, understanding the unique perspective of CNAs is imperative.

METHODS
In semistructured interviews, 5 nursing assistants, the director of nursing, and the nursing home administrator at 59 long-term care facilities answered 4 questions, providing multiple perspectives about causes and solutions to CNA staffing challenges.

RESULTS
Key responses for each stakeholder group were identified. CNAs highlighted the nature of the job as a bigger challenge than leadership recognized. Although pay is a top concern, emotional support, training, relationship-building, communication, and the work culture can be equally important in reducing turnover.

CONCLUSION
When organizational leaders understand how to meet the needs and interests of CNAs, they can reduce turnover.
Anatomic Comparison of Recipient Nerves for Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Neurotization
Authors: Glassman Gabriella E. , Al-Kassis Salam , Assi Patrick E. , Rust Sophie J. , Perdikis Blake , Pollins Alonda C. , Patrinely James R. , Forte Antonio J. , Thayer Wesley P. , Perdikis Galen 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Although neurotization has the potential to improve sensory outcomes after autologous breast reconstruction, this technique remains controversial. There is debate regarding the clinical outcomes and the recipient nerve of choice. This histoanatomical study aims to quantitatively compare the sensory components of the recipient nerves involved in neurotization of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap.

Methods
Subjects undergoing bilateral autologous breast reconstruction were enrolled. Transected nerve specimens underwent immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against neurofilament 1 and choline acetyltransferase for total and motor neurons within the axons, respectively. Photomicrographs were captured, and axons were analyzed using ImageJ. Sensory axons were calculated as equal to the difference between the total and cholinergic axonal counts.

Results
Thirty-eight nerves from 19 subjects were included. The overall mean sensory axon count was 1246.3 (±1171.9) in the lateral cutaneous branch (LCB) of the fourth intercostal nerve and 1123.8 (±1213.0) in the anterior cutaneous branch (ACB) of the third intercostal nerve.
The fourth LCB presented with an additional 10.9% sensory axonal count (P > 0.05). On average, sensory fibers constituted 36.7% and 31.7% of all fibers in the third ACBs and fourth LCBs, respectively.

Conclusions
This study provides anatomic and histological evidence that the fourth LCB and third ACB contain comparable mean numbers of sensory axons. Both constitute adequate recipient nerves for coaptation in deep inferior epigastric perforator reinnervation to achieve optimal sensory return after breast reconstruction. The fourth LCB should be preferable when the third ACB remains intact to preserve any native breast flap sensation.
A Personal Approach to Brachioplasty
Authors: Sergesketter Amanda R. , Erdmann Detlev 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Brachioplasty has become one of the fastest-growing aesthetic surgery procedures, paralleling rising rates of weight loss surgery nationally. However, controversy persists regarding incision placement and utility of concurrent liposuction. In this article, the authors describe indications, patient selection, expected outcomes, and photographic standards for patients seeking brachioplasty after weight loss. Preoperative markings, scar placement, and operative steps of a posterior incision technique with or without concurrent liposuction if indicated are described. A personal experience with posterior incision brachioplasty along with current controversies, complications, and patient-reported outcomes after upper arm contouring are reviewed.