bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel surgical technique for prevention of self-sucking in cattle and buffaloes: Tongue piercing
Authors: Al-Lethie Al-Lethie , salman Yasser , Semieka Mohamed , Karmi Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Self-sucking is an abnormal behavior lead to important economic losses for dairy farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate tongue piercing as a novel technique to prevent self-sucking in cattle and buffaloes. The study was carried out on 26 cows and 4 buffaloes suffered from self-sucking. Tongue piercing was achieved by the application of an implant in the midline of the tongue and anterior to the frenulum linguae. With a follow up period of six months.Results: This implant produced mechanical disruption of the affected animals ability to curl their tongues, in a U- shape manner, subsequently it was impossible for these animals to cup their tongues and suck its own teats. Slight swelling around the piercing site of the tongue was observed among all animals on the first three days after surgery. No other complications have been reported.Conclusion: Tongue piercing is an effective, rapid, easy, minimally invasive technique to prevent self-sucking among cattle and buffaloes, moreover, the technique was more widely acceptable by the owners than other traditional and surgical methods.
Bimodal Distribution Pattern Associated With The PCR Cycle Threshold (Ct) And Implications In COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Yang Doris , Hansel Donna E. , Curlin Marcel E. , Townes John M. , Messer William B. , Fan Guang , Qin Xuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is notable for its extremely high level of viral replication in respiratory epithelial cells, relative to other cell types. This may partially explain the high transmissibility and rapid global dissemination observed during the COVID–19 pandemic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) number has been widely used as a proxy for viral load based on the inverse relationship between Ct number and amplifiable genome copies present in a sample. We examined two PCR platforms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019-nCoV Real-time RT-PCR, Integrated DNA Technologies; and TaqPath COVID-19 multi-plex combination kit, ThermoFisher Scientific) for their performance characteristics and Ct distribution patterns based on results generated from 208,947 clinical samples obtained between October 2020 and September 2021. From 14,231 positive tests, Ct values ranged from 8 to 39 and displayed a pronounced bimodal distribution. The bimodal distribution persisted when stratified by gender, age, and time period of sample collection during which different viral variants circulated. This finding may be a result of heterogeneity in disease progression or host response to infection irrespective of age, gender, or viral variants. Quantification of respiratory mucosal viral load may provide additional insight into transmission and clinical indicators helpful for infection control.
The reversible and modulation role of water-soluble gallic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan conjugates against the induced nephrotoxicity with cisplatin
Authors: Hafez Hani S. , El-Khayat Zakaria , Kotb Ebtsam S. , Elshaarawy Reda F.M. , Serag Waleed M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The toxicity of cisplatin (CDDP) toward the renal tubules and its severe effects on the proximal tubules limits its futher use for cancer therapy. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of gallic acid-grafted O-carboxymethyl chitosan (GA@CMLMWC) against nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP in rats. Renal injury was assessed in the GA@CMLMWC/CDDP-treated rats using kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The comet assay was performed to measure the DNA damage. The renoprotective activity of GA@CMLMWC was supported by histo- and immuno-pathological studies of the kidney. GA@CMLMWC significantly normalized the increases in kidney homogenate of KIM-1, MDA, and NO-induced by CDDP and significantly increased GSH as compared with the CDDP group. GA@CMLMWC also significantly protects rat kidneys from CDDP-induced histo- and immuno-pathological changes. Both biochemical findings and histo- and immuno-pathological evidence showed the renoprotective potential of GA@CMLMWC against CDDP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal dysfunction in rats. In conclusion, GA@CMLMWC has been shown to mitigate the nephrotoxicity impact of CDDP in cancer therapy.
Effect of combined hip and knee exercises on rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Gan Wenyi , She Guorong , Chen Junyuan , Dong Qiu , Wang Huajun , Li Hua , Zha Zhengang , Zheng Xiaofei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To explore the clinical effect of combined hip–knee joint exercise compared with traditional postoperative rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: In a prospective, single-blind randomized controlled trial, 60 female patients with osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral TKA were randomly divided into three groups: a resistive intervention group, a nonresistive intervention group and a control group. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) values, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS)-12 values, isokinetic muscle strength, and gait test results were measured and recorded preoperatively, two weeks postoperatively and three months postoperatively.Results: With the preoperative evaluation as baseline, the resistive hip–knee joint exercise group had lower functional scores and stronger quadriceps femoris and hip abductor muscles than the nonresistive group (p<0.05 for both). Both hip–knee exercise groups had stronger quadriceps femoris, hip abductor and hip rotator muscles than the control group (p<0.05). Two weeks postoperatively, both hip–knee strength training groups had lower functional scores than the control group (p<0.05) but stronger quadriceps femoris and external hip rotator muscles (p<0.05). Preoperative and 2-week postoperative gait analysis revealed that combined hip–knee strengthening could increase step length (p<0.05) and the ability to stand on the affected limb (p<0.05).Conclusion: A 12-week regimen of combined hip–knee exercises could improve the function of the affected limb after TKA, the movement patterns of the knee joint during gait, and the therapeutic effect of TKA and accelerate patients’ rehabilitation. The effect of combined hip–knee exercises positively correlated with increases in exercise load.
Predictive Factors of Severe Abdominal Injuries Due to Seatbelt Compression in Motor Vehicle Passengers
Authors: Ikegami Kiyoshi , Hitosugi Masahito , Takashima Kohei , Sugitani Yuki , Ida Hitoshi , Aoki Masashi , Asaoka Michihisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The data set of the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System was retrospectively analyzed to clarify the pattern and severity of seatbelt-induced abdominal injuries and determine the predictive factors of severe abdominal injuries. Among data of collisions that occurred from 1995 to 2011, we chose front-seat passengers with a height of >140 cm who developed seatbelt-induced abdominal injuries with an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of ≥2 during a frontal collision. The study population comprised 79 persons (24 male, 55 female; mean age, 37.5 years) with 136 abdominal injuries. Spleen, kidney, and liver injuries were the three most common seatbelt-induced injuries. The spleen was the most commonly injured site in both the moderate and severe injury groups. The liver was the second most commonly injured site in the moderate injury group, but no liver injuries occurred in the severe injury group (p = 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that force to the lower abdomen positively influenced the occurrence of severe injuries and that airbag deployment negatively influenced the occurrence of severe injuries. Correct seatbelt use and airbag deployment can prevent severe seatbelt-induced abdominal injuries. Physicians should still suspect moderate abdominal injuries even in correctly restrained vehicle passengers.
Substantial increase of heat requirement for maturity of early rice due to extension of reproductive rather vegetative growth period in China
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Guo Yahui , Wang Shuxin , Wu Wenxiang , Fu Yongshuo H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Climate change has affects crop phenology, leading to changes in agriculture productivity. Previous studies usually take phenology and agriculture as two parallel aspects that climate change would exert influence on, rarely taking the impacts of phenology on agriculture productivity into account. In this study, trial data on early rice phenology and in situ meteorological data at 48 national agro-meteorological experiment stations during 1981 to 2010 were used to investigate the variability of heat accumulation and its driving factors. Using linear function, piecewise function, and sigmoidal function three methods, shifts in heat accumulation during vegetative growth period, reproductive growth period, and the whole growth period were calculated. Then, the correlations between changes in Growing Degree Days (GDD) and (i) three growth durations and (ii) climatic variables were assessed. Our findings indicated that the heat accumulation for early rice was significantly increased by 20% during the whole growth period (WGP), which was mainly attributed to the increase of GDD during the reproductive growth period (RGP), while GDD during the vegetative growth period (VGP) showed no significant changes. Changes of early rice GDD were closely related to the variations of the RGP duration, which was prolonged by 6.08 day/decade, while VGP duration did not change significantly. Both simple correlation and partial correlation analyses indicated that the positive impacts of growth duration played a dominant role in determining GDD variability, with the average coefficients of 0.91 during VGP, 0.97 during RGP, and 0.93 during WGP, respectively, while temperature played a secondary role. Our studies revealed the dynamics of individual-specific heat accumulation over the past three decades, and emphasized the importance of phenology to agriculture productivity. Therefore, changes in crop phenology should be sufficiently taken into consideration for the better understanding of agriculture dynamics under climate change, and for improving the accuracy of crop model simulation.
Risk factors for nasal polyps, a case-control study
Authors: Yaghi Ameer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background : Nasal polyposis is considered one of the most common diseases that cause obstruction of the respiratory tract and impede the patient's quality of life.Aims : The aim is to determine if smoking and body mass index are risk factors for hyperplastic nasal polyps in patients with chronic obstructive rhinitis and allergic rhinitis, and thus conducting early diagnostic investigations to detect the disease early and limit its development.Methods : A cross-sectional case control study was conducted that includes patients who came to Damascus Hospital with complaints of chronic obstruction of the nose and chronic allergies that doesn’t respond to conventional treatments and who met the entry criteria and patients from ENT Division without symptoms of obstructive respiratory tracts .Results : 120 patients were included in the study and were distributed as follows: 60 patients with nasal polyps and 60 patients without nasal polyps. The arithmetic mean of age in the group of cases was 31 ± 16.7 years, while in the controls 32.2 ± 18.3, the BMI value was expressed as the arithmetic mean and it was 30.5 ± 4.16 years, while in the controls 23.6 ± 4.30, and the sex ratio was equal between cases and controls with A statistically non-significant value p = 1.000, while the proportion of smokers in cases was 70%, while in controls 37%, with a statistically significant value p = 0.0003.Conclusion : Smoking and body mass index had a statistically significant relation with the development of nasal polyposis.
Development of high strength self-compacted concrete with supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: Memon Muneeb Ayoub , Memon Noor Ahmed , Memon Bashir Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the type of concrete that can flow under its own weight and completely fills the formwork without using vibration efforts. Since the manufacturing of cement has negative effects on the environment, the construction industry is putting a lot of effort to explore alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study is aimed to produce high-strength SCC with SCMs i.e., silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA). The laboratory tests were conducted to determine the fresh and hardened properties of newly produced high strength SCC with binary and ternary use of SF and FA as partial replacement of cement. The replacement levels of cement with SF and FA were 5 to 20% and 5 to 30% with 5% increment by weight of cement, respectively. The results have revealed that both the fresh and hardened properties of SCCs depend on the binary and ternary use of SCMs. Furthermore, a substantial increase in the compressive, spilt tensile and flexural strength was observed for all the mixes of SCC with the addition of SCMs. However, the optimum replacement level of cement for producing high strength SCC was found as 10% SF and 15% FA. The resulting green concrete is not only good from strength point of view but also helps to some extent in management of the waste. It also helps in reducing the adverse impacts on environment in general and individuals’ health in particular due to reduced waste and reduced production of the ingredients of concrete.
Applied value of 3D printing technique in surgical treatment of acetabular fractures
Authors: Xia Guofeng , Liu Qi , Sun Peifeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purposes ：To explore the effect of 3D printing technique for the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures and provide reference for improving clinical curative effect.Methods ：94 acetabular fracture patients from 2006 to 2016 were cl assified into conditional group, according to the Judet-Letournel classification were divided into simple fracture group 43 cases and complex fracture group 51 cases. 46 acetabular fracture patients were classified into 3D group since 2017, according to Letournel classification were divided into 25 cases of simple fracture group and complex fracture group of 21 cases. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion, time of intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative drainage, surgical imaging results analysis, postoperative functional recovery of hip, postoperative complications were compared between traditional and 3D group respectively in simple and complicated fracture. Results：In simple fracture, there were no significantly difference in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion, time of intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative drainage, surgical imaging results analysis, postoperative functional recovery of hip, postoperative complications between traditional and 3D group(P>0.05)In complicated fracture, there were significantly difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion, times of intraoperative fluoroscopy, surgical imaging results, functional recovery of the hip, incidence of incision infection between conditional and 3D group(P<0.05). There were no significantly difference in postoperative drainage, the incidences of postoperative iatrogenic neurological symptoms, traumatic arthritis and heterotopic ossification between conditional and 3D group. (P<0.05)Conclusion ：The 3D printing technique of assisted surgical treatment of simple acetabular fractures had no significant effect on operation time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion, intraoperative perspective and postoperative drainage; and 3D printing technology for patients with complicated acetabular fractures auxiliary Surgical treatment can significantly shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss and perioperative blood transfusion, and reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy; 3D printing technology can reduce the risk of postoperative wound infection, regardless of the use of complicated surgical treatment of acetabular fractures.
Effect of Motion Correction for CCTA in Quantifying the Pericoronary Adipose Tissue
Authors: Guo Youbiao , Fu Hongchao , Yin Xiaohua , Han Dan , Liang Shengxiang , Liang Kaiyi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effect of the motion correction in quantifying the pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) of coronary CT angiography (CCTA).
Methods
Forty patients who underwent CCTA were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Two CCTA series were reconstructed without motion correction (MC) and with motion correction. The image qualities were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale rating system. The right coronary artery (RCA) and PCAT were segmented. Volume of RCA, volume of PCAT and the fat attenuation index (FAI) were calculated and compared using paired sample t-test between two series. Pearson’s correlation analyses were performed to access the correlations between the image quality change and 3 parameters changes, respectively. The radiomics features of PCAT were also extracted and compared.
Results
The image qualities were significantly improved (without MC vs with MC, the percent of image quality score > 3, 52% vs 84%, p < 0.001). The volume of RCA was significantly increased after motion correction (p < 0.05), while FAI and the volume of PCAT were not. Besides, the changes of the volume of RCA and the volume of PCAT had significantly positive correlation with image quality change due to motion correction, while FAI change was not. Meanwhile, 521 of 1218 radiomics features of PCAT were significantly affected by motion correction.
Conclusion
Reconstruction with MC algorithm could improve the CCTA image quality, and had a significant impact on the quantization of PCAT.
New Heterogeneous Nano-Catalyst: Synthesis and Catalytic Effect on the Green Synthesis of 1-Substituted and 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Mashhoori Mahboobeh-Sadat , Sandaroos Reza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A novel heterogeneous catalyst containing Schiff base coordinated Cu(II) covalently attached to Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles through imidazolium linker [Fe3O4@SiO2-Im(Br)-SB-Cu (II)] was synthesized and characterized by using various techniques. The catalytic efficiency of this nano-catalyst was tested in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives. The investigation revealed that i) The catalyst is very efficient in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives with high yield (97%) in aqueous medium; ii) The catalytic effectiveness is due the synergy between the metallic center and the imidazolium ion and iii) The reuse advantage of the catalyst without contamination or significant loss (12% of loss range) in the catalytic activity.
Construction of Novel Yeast Strains from Candida tropicalis KBKTI 10.5.1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBY1 to Improve the Performance of Ethanol Production Using Lignocellulosic Hydrolyzate
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Riyanti Eny Ida , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Listanto Edy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Increased consumption of xylose-glucose and yeast tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolyzate are the keys to the success of second-generation bioethanol production. Candida tropicalis KBKTI 10.5.1 is a new isolated strain that has the ability to ferment xylose. In contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBY1 which only can produce ethanol from glucose fermentation. The research objective is the application of the genome sufling method to increase the performance of ethanol production using lignocellulosic hydrolyzate. Mutants were selected on xylose and glucose substrates separately and using RAPD analysis. The ethanol production using lignocellulosic hydrolyzate by parents and mutants was evaluated using a batch fermentation system. Concentrations of ethanol, residual sugars, and by-products such as glycerol, lactate, and acetate were measured using HPLC machine uquiped with Hi-plex H for Carbohydrate column and a Refraction Index Detector (RID) detector. Ethanol produced by Fcs1 and Fcs4 mutants on acid hydrolyzate increased by 26.58% and 24.17% from parent DBY1, by 14.94% and 21.84% from parent KBKTI 10.5.1. In contrast to the increase in ethanol production on alkaline hydrolyzate, Fcs1 and Fcs4 mutants only experienced an increase in ethanol production by 1.35% from the parent KBKTI 10.5.1. Ethanol productivity by Fcs1 and Fcs4 mutants on acid hydrolyzate reached 0.042 g/L/h and 0.044 g/L/h. The recombination of the genomes of different yeast species resulted in novel yeast strains that improved resistance performance and ethanol production on lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
Dietary 7-Ketocholesterol Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice through Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Uchikawa Tomoki , Matoba Tetsuya , Kawahara Takuro , Baba Isashi , Katsuki Shunsuke , Koga Jun-ichiro , Hashimoto Yu , Yamasaki Ryo , Ichi Ikuyo , Akita Hidetaka , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), one of the most abundant dietary oxysterols, causes inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Here we show the deteriorating effects of dietary 7-KC on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury and detailed the molecular mechanisms.Methods and Results: A high-fat high-cholesterol diet containing 7-KC (7KWD) for 3 weeks increased the plasma 7-KC level compared with high-fat high-cholesterol diet in mice. In wild-type mice but not in CCR2-/- mice, dietary 7-KC increased the myocardial infarct size after IR. Flow cytometry revealed that the ratio of Ly-6Chigh inflammatory monocytes to total monocytes was increased in the 7KWD group. Unbiased RNA sequencing using murine primary macrophages revealed that 7-KC regulated the expression of transcripts related to inflammation and cholesterol biosynthesis. We further validated that in vitro, 7-KC induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and nuclear factor-kappa B activation, which are associated with increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine or siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase or endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α suppressed the levels of 7-KC-induced inflammation.Conclusion: Dietary 7-KC exacerbates myocardial IR injury through monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress are involved in the 7-KC-induced proinflammatory response in macrophages.
The Antibacterial and Qualitative studies of Ajmalicine and Serpentine extracted from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaves
Authors: SUVALKA Chetana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is an important medicinal plant through the tropical region. The present work focuses on multiple solvent extraction method for extraction of Serpentine and Ajmalicine.The purified bioactive compounds from Catharanthus roseus plant leaves have been taken up for antimicrobial activity. Increasing polarity based separation is used for compound separation of bioactive compounds in column chromatography and identification has been done through spectroscopic analysis. The purified compounds were further taken for antibacterial assay. The maximum Zone of Inhibition was evoluted by ajmalicine against Enterococcus which was 1.7 cm and minnimum was by serpentine 0.35cm against Escherichia coli. Multiple extraction method is better approach for ajmalicine and serpentine separation using TLC and column chromatography which can be used as a potential drug against pathogenic bacteria.