bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining socioeconomic inequality in cervical cancer screening uptake in Malawi
Authors: Chirwa Gowokani Chijere 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is a prevalent public health concern and is among the leading causes of death among women globally. Malawi has the second highest cervical cancer prevalence and burden in the world. Due to the cervical cancer burden, the Malawi government scaled up national cancer screening services in 2011, which are free for all women. This paper is the first study to examine the socioeconomic inequality in cervical cancer screening uptake using concentration indices, in Malawi. Furthermore, it decomposes the concentration index to examine how each factor contributes to the level of inequality in the uptake of cervical cancer screening.

Methods
The data used in this paper were obtained from the nationally representative Malawi Population HIV Impact Assessment (MPHIA) household survey, which was conducted in 2015. Concentration curves were constructed to explore whether there was any socioeconomic inequality in cervical cancer screening and, if so, its extent. This was complemented by concentration indices that were computed to quantify the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality. A decomposition analysis was then conducted to examine the factors that explained/were associated with greater socioeconomic inequality in cervical cancer screening. The methodology in this paper followed that of previous studies found in the literature and used the wealth index to measure socioeconomic status.

Results
The results showed that the concentration curves lay above the line of equality, implying a pro-rich inequality in cervical cancer screening services. Confirming the results from the concentration curves, the overall concentration index was positive and significant (0.142; %95 CI = 0.127, 0.156; p < 0.01). The magnitude was lower in rural areas (0.075; %95CI = 0.059, 0.090; p < 0.01) than in urban areas (0.195; %95CI = 0.162, 0.228 p < 0.001). After undertaking a decomposition of the concentration index, we found that age, education, rural or urban location, and wealth status account for more than 95% of the socioeconomic inequality in cervical cancer uptake.

Conclusion
Despite the national scale-up of free cancer care at the point of use, cervical cancer screening uptake in Malawi remains pro rich. There is a need to implement parallel demand-side approaches to encourage uptake among poorer groups. These may include self-testing and mobile screening centres, among others.
Implementation of a patient-teaching workshop to improve pharmacy students’ competencies in patient-centered communication: a case report
Authors: Hache Caroline , Honoré Stéphane , Hache Guillaume 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe pharmacist-patient relationship has evolved over recent decades and the development of clinical pharmacy requires pharmacists to take patient-centered responsibilities. This requires a specific set of skills, such as patient-centered communication. Evaluation of students’ competencies in patient-centered communication is challenging in academic settings and complementary assessment methods may be designed in order to overcome the limits of traditional preceptors’ ratings or objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). There is increasing interest in a more active patient role in healthcare professional education and there are very few reports about patient-led education in pharmacies. Thus, the objective of this work was to implement a patient-teaching workshop and to assess its impact on pharmacy students’ competencies in patient-centered communication.MethodsThe workshop was developed in collaboration between four patients, a senior clinical pharmacist and a lecturer in education sciences and implemented in the hospital pharmacy residency program. The main course objective was acquiring the three competencies of the Calgary-Cambridge guide to the medical interview: (i) building a relationship, (ii) conducting structured interview and (iii) gathering information. The learning process integrated: working on participants’ perception of pharmacists-patient communication, a first simulated interview, didactic learning and a second simulated interview. After simulated interviews, patients and peer residents assessed learner’s performance with a competency chart and provided individual feedback. Assessment methods included comparisons between the first and second interview scores and an anonymous post-course survey.ResultsForty-seven residents and 19 patient teachers attended the session. Competency scores were higher after the second interview in all three competencies as rated by both patients (+ 25%) and peer residents (+ 29%).Residents expressed a high satisfaction and reported learning about conducting interviews and soft skills contributing to the development of a relationship with patients. “The involvement of patients” was expressed as most appreciated in the majority of the evaluation charts (87%) and the residents valued the importance of collaborative and interprofessional learning during the workshop. Three themes emerged: (1) patients’ expertise, (2) reliability and (3) relationship, which underlined that the students estimated the patients were credible sources of information in this pedagogical context.ConclusionThis patient-teaching approach improved patient-centered competencies of pharmacy residents and promoted partnership between patients and pharmacy students.
Protective effect of melatonin on alleviating early oxidative stress induced by DOX in mice spermatogenesis and sperm quality maintaining
Authors: Zi Teng , Liu YaNan , Zhang YuSheng , Wang ZeLin , Wang ZhiXin , Zhan Song , Peng Zhu , Li Ning , Liu XueXia , Liu FuJun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy drug, but its clinical use has adverse effects on male reproduction. However, there are few studies about the specific biological processes related to male reproduction or strategies for improving fertility protection. In this paper, we examined the effects of DOX on spermatogenesis and sperm function, and tested the possible protective role of melatonin (MLT) against DOX’s reproductive toxicity. DOX-treated mice showed signs of significantly impaired spermatogenesis, including vacuolated epithelial cells, decreased testis weights, and lowered sperm counts and motility. DOX also reduced germ cell proliferation (PCNA) and meiosis-related proteins (SYCP3), but this effect could be partially improved with MLT administration. HSPA2 expression was maintained, which indicated that although MLT did not improve sperm motility, it did have a significant protective effect on elongated sperm. IVF results showed that MLT could partially promote two-cell and blastocyte development that was restricted by DOX. MLT reversed DOX-driven changes in the testes, including the antioxidant indices of SOD1, CAT and PRDX6, and the apoptotic indices of BAX and Caspase3. These results suggest that MLT effectively prevents DOX-induced early reproductive toxicity, and increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DOX’s effects on male reproduction and the protective mechanism of MLT.
Expressed emotion of caregivers among schizophrenic patients visiting Jimma University Medical Center Psychiatry Outpatient Unit, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yimam Bethlehem , Soboka Matiwos , Getachew Yemiamrew , Alemu Bezaye , Ahmed Gutema , Tesfaye Elias , Necho Mogesie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Expressed emotion (EE) measures the emotion among caregivers of schizophrenic patients and is predictive of symptom levels in a range of medical and psychiatric conditions. It is worth assessing expressed emotion and associated factors among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia since there is limited data on this issue in this part of the world.

Objective
To assess the status of expressed emotions and selected patients’ clinical factors among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia attending Psychiatry Outpatient Unit of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 caregivers of schizophrenic patients using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured interviewer administrated questionnaires (Family Questionnairre) which assessed the level of expressed emotion. Data were entered into Epidata 4.4 and analyzed by Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics was which used to summarize data, bivariate logistic regression was done to identify candidate variables for multivariable logistic regressions and the association between expressed emotion and predictor variables was identified by using multiple logistic regression models.

Results
High expressed emotion was observed in 43.6% of respondents while caring for schizophrenic patients for about 6–8 years, having 3–4 episodes of the illness which was significantly associated with high expressed emotion.

Conclusions
This study revealed that there is a high level of expressed emotion among caregivers. It also showed that increment in the episode of the illnesses had a significant association with high caregivers’ expressed emotion. Hence, health care systems which provide interventions for patients with schizophrenia need to design proper strategies to address caregivers’ needs as well.
GHG Monitoring Project for the Global Stocktake 2023: implications of the COP26 Japan Pavilion seminar
Authors: Oda Tomohiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the 2021 Glasgow Climate Change Conference (COP26), a hybrid seminar event “Greenhouse gas (GHG) Monitoring Project for the Global Stocktake 2023” was held at the COP26 Japan Pavilion on 2nd of November 2011. The participants presented and discussed science-based GHG monitoring approaches in support of the Global Stocktake. This report summarizes the five research talks given at the event.
Possible role of autophagy induced by COVID-19 in cancer progression, chemo-resistance, and tumor recurrence
Authors: Zalpoor Hamidreza , Akbari Abdullatif , Nayerain Jazi Negar , Liaghat Mahsa , Bakhtiyari Maryam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 infection is a serious threat to patients with primary diseases, especially multiple cancers. Studies suggest that cancer patients are one of the most susceptible populations to experience severe COVID-19 and death. In addition, a number of studies suggest various mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 in cancer progression. In this study, we discussed the role of SARS-CoV-2 in the induction of autophagy and we hypothesized that autophagy induced by COVID-19 not only can contribute to viral replication but also potentially can lead to cancer progression, chemo-resistance, and tumor recurrence in multiple cancer patients. Therefore, targeting autophagy-related signaling pathways and cellular and molecular processes could be a potentially promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients with COVID-19. Hence, this study can shed light on a new window on the management of such patients. However, more investigations in the future are required to understand other pathological effects of COVID-19 infection on cancer patients to provide new therapeutic strategies to combat these complications in these patients.
Tidal volume challenge to predict preload responsiveness in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome under prone position
Authors: Shi Rui , Ayed Soufia , Moretto Francesca , Azzolina Danila , De Vita Nello , Gavelli Francesco , Carelli Simone , Pavot Arthur , Lai Christopher , Monnet Xavier , Teboul Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundProne position is frequently used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), especially during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our study investigated the ability of pulse pressure variation (PPV) and its changes during a tidal volume challenge (TVC) to assess preload responsiveness in ARDS patients under prone position.MethodsThis was a prospective study conducted in a 25-bed intensive care unit at a university hospital. We included patients with ARDS under prone position, ventilated with 6 mL/kg tidal volume and monitored by a transpulmonary thermodilution device. We measured PPV and its changes during a TVC (ΔPPV TVC6–8) after increasing the tidal volume from 6 to 8 mL/kg for one minute. Changes in cardiac index (CI) during a Trendelenburg maneuver (ΔCITREND) and during end-expiratory occlusion (EEO) at 8 mL/kg tidal volume (ΔCI EEO8) were recorded. Preload responsiveness was defined by both ΔCITREND ≥ 8% and ΔCI EEO8 ≥ 5%. Preload unresponsiveness was defined by both ΔCITREND < 8% and ΔCI EEO8 < 5%.ResultsEighty-four sets of measurements were analyzed in 58 patients. Before prone positioning, the ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen was 104 ± 27 mmHg. At the inclusion time, patients were under prone position for 11 (2–14) hours. Norepinephrine was administered in 83% of cases with a dose of 0.25 (0.15–0.42) µg/kg/min. The positive end-expiratory pressure was 14 (11–16) cmH2O. The driving pressure was 12 (10–17) cmH2O, and the respiratory system compliance was 32 (22–40) mL/cmH2O. Preload responsiveness was detected in 42 cases. An absolute change in PPV ≥ 3.5% during a TVC assessed preload responsiveness with an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.94 ± 0.03 (sensitivity: 98%, specificity: 86%) better than that of baseline PPV (0.85 ± 0.05;p = 0.047). In the 56 cases where baseline PPV was inconclusive (≥ 4% and < 11%), ΔPPV TVC6–8 ≥ 3.5% still enabled to reliably assess preload responsiveness (AUROC: 0.91 ± 0.05, sensitivity: 97%, specificity: 81%;p < 0.01vs.baseline PPV).ConclusionIn patients with ARDS under low tidal volume ventilation during prone position, the changes in PPV during a TVC can reliably assess preload responsiveness without the need for cardiac output measurements.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04457739). Registered 30 June 2020 —Retrospectively registered,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04457739
Peripheral tissue hypoperfusion predicts post intubation hemodynamic instability
Authors: Dubée Vincent , Hariri Geoffroy , Joffre Jérémie , Hagry Julien , Raia Lisa , Bonny Vincent , Gabarre Paul , Ehrminger Sebastien , Bigé Naike , Baudel Jean-Luc , Guidet Bertrand , Maury Eric , Dumas Guillaume , Ait-Oufella Hafid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Tracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation initiation is a procedure at high risk for arterial hypotension in intensive care unit. However, little is known about the relationship between pre-existing peripheral microvascular alteration and post-intubation hemodynamic instability (PIHI).

Methods
Prospective observational monocenter study conducted in an 18-bed medical ICU. Consecutive patients requiring tracheal intubation were eligible for the study. Global hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac function) and tissue perfusion parameters (arterial lactate, mottling score, capillary refill time [CRT], toe-to-room gradient temperature) were recorded before, 5 min and 2 h after tracheal intubation (TI). Post intubation hemodynamic instability (PIHI) was defined as any hemodynamic event requiring therapeutic intervention.

Results
During 1 year, 120 patients were included, mainly male (59%) with a median age of 68 [57–77]. The median SOFA score and SAPS II were 6 [4–9] and 47 [37–63], respectively. The main indications for tracheal intubation were hypoxemia (51%), hypercapnia (13%), and coma (29%). In addition, 48% of patients had sepsis and 16% septic shock. Fifty-one (42%) patients develop PIHI. Univariate analysis identified several baseline factors associated with PIHI, including norepinephrine prior to TI, sepsis, tachycardia, fever, higher SOFA and high SAPSII score, mottling score ≥ 3, high lactate level and prolonged knee CRT. By contrast, mean arterial pressure, baseline cardiac index, and ejection fraction were not different between PIHI and No-PIHI groups. After adjustment on potential confounders, the mottling score was associated with a higher risk for PIHI (adjusted OR: 1.84 [1.21–2.82] per 1 point increased; p = 0.005). Among both global haemodynamics and tissue perfusion parameters, baseline mottling score was the best predictor of PIHI (AUC: 0.72 (CI 95% [0.62–0.81]).

Conclusions
In non-selected critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, tissue hypoperfusion parameters, especially the mottling score, could be helpful to predict PIHI.
Aspect dependent-based ghost suppression for extended targets in through-the-wall radar imaging under compressive sensing framework
Authors: Rambika Mugundu , Abdalla Abdi T. , Maiseli Baraka , Amour Idrissa , Mwambela Alfred 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral approaches have been proposed to suppress multipath ghost in through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). One classical approach, called Aspect Dependent (AD), exploits locations of ghosts in the images without demanding prior knowledge of the reflecting geometry. This operation strategy makes the method superior over multipath exploitation-based approaches. However, the AD method assumes a point target that emulates unreal environment. Therefore, reconstructing extended targets with this method leads to incorrect scene interpretation. This work proposes a ghost suppression method for extended targets based on the AD feature that exploits duo sub-apertures. Firstly, we evaluate the best suppression method using a performance metric called relative clutter peak. Next, the evaluated method is extended to encompass a target extent during sub-images reconstruction. Following this strategy, an effective image fusion method suitable for extended targets is proposed. The method considers pixel neighborhood to effectively recover the given extended target. Simulation results show that, when signal-to-noise ratio is 20dB, the proposed method significantly improves signal-to-clutter ratio and relative clutter peak by 8.8% and 23.8%, respectively, relative to the existing AD based methods under point target assumption.
Palpation localization of radial artery based on 3-dimensional convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chen Qiliang , Huang Yulin , Zhu Xing , Lu Hong , Ji Zhongzhi , Yang Jiacheng , Luo Jingjing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPalpation localization is essential for detecting physiological parameters of the radial artery for pulse diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Detecting signal or applying pressure at the wrong location can seriously affect the measurement of pulse waves and result in misdiagnosis. In this paper, we propose an effective and high accuracy regression model using 3-dimensional convolution neural networks (CNN) processing near-infrared picture sequences to locate radial artery upon radius at the wrist. Comparing with early studies using 2-dimensional models, 3Dcnn introduces temporal features with the third dimension to leverage pulsation rhythms, and had achieved superior performance accuracy as 0.87 within 50 pixels at testing resolution of 1024 × 544. Model visualization shows that the additional dimension of the temporal convolution highlights dynamic changes within image sequences. This study presents the great potential of our constructed model to be applied in real wrist palpation location scenarios to bring the key convenience for pulse diagnosis.
Weakly supervised spatial–temporal attention network driven by tracking and consistency loss for action detection
Authors: Zhu Jinlei , Chen Houjin , Pan Pan , Sun Jia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a novel network model for video action tube detection. This model is based on a location-interactive weakly supervised spatial–temporal attention mechanism driven by multiple loss functions. It is especially costly and time consuming to annotate every target location in video frames. Thus, we first propose a cross-domain weakly supervised learning method with a spatial–temporal attention mechanism for action tube detection. In source domain, we trained a newly designed multi-loss spatial–temporal attention–convolution network on the source data set, which has both object location and classification annotations. In target domain, we introduced internal tracking loss and neighbor-consistency loss; we trained the network with the pre-trained model on the target data set, which only has inaccurate action temporal positions. Although this is a location-unsupervised method, its performance outperforms typical weakly supervised methods, and even shows comparable results with some recent fully supervised methods. We also visualize the activation maps, which reveal the intrinsic reason behind the higher performance of the proposed method.
Uniqueness and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability results for sequential fractional pantograph q-differential equations
Authors: Houas Mohamed , Martínez Francisco , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Kaabar Mohammed K. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study sequential fractional pantograph q-differential equations. We establish the uniqueness of solutions via Banach’s contraction mapping principle. Further, we define and study the Ulam–Hyers stability and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability of solutions. We also discuss an illustrative example.
Quassia amara bioactive compounds as a Novel DPP-IV inhibitor: an in-silico study
Authors: Olugbogi Ezekiel A. , Bodun Damilola S. , Omoseeye Shola D. , Onoriode Anita O. , Oluwamoroti Favour O. , Adedara Joshua F. , Oriyomi Isaac A. , Bello Fatimat O. , Olowoyeye Favour O. , Laoye Oluwatomilola G. , Adebowale Damilola B. , Adebisi Aanuoluwapo D. , Omotuyi Olaposi I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes, a cardiometabolic condition with social and health ramifications, is already a global epidemic. Diabetes affects 422 million people worldwide, with the majority living in middle- and low-income countries, resulting in 1.5 million deaths each year. Inhibiting DPP-IV, an enzyme whose main biological function in diabetes is the breakdown of metabolic hormones like GLP-1, Quassia amara, a plant that contains numerous phytochemicals, has been claimed to be used as a traditional treatment for a variety of metabolic illnesses, as well as having anti-malaria, anti-biotic, anti-diabetes, and anti-anemic characteristics. This work investigated the in-silico inhibitory ability of phytochemicals obtained from Quassia amara against a diabetes-related enzyme, DPP-IV, with the aim of confirming the drug-like potential of ligands from the plant (Quassia amara) in comparison with the standard drug, Alogliptin.

Result
As a result of the investigation, five compounds (Vitexin, Quassimarin, Simalikalactone D, Brucein D, and Quassinol) obtained docking scores ranging from − 7.47 to − 6.49 kcal/mol.

Conclusion
Many medications have been offered, but the typical side effects have prompted researchers to look for new herbal plants which can be used as permanent treatment with minute side effects. Thus, utilizing computational studies such as molecular docking, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) and the lead compounds' ADMETox characteristics were computed.