bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical rehabilitation for scoliosis I-II degree
Authors: Sirman E. 
Published: August 2022

The peculiarities of physical therapy for scoliosis of the I- II degree, which are among the most serious diseases of childhood, are considered. The program of physical rehabilitation, which allows the most economical and rational approach to solving the problem of rehabilitation of patients with scoliosis I-II degree, is highlighted. The effectiveness of this program, which included physical therapy exercises; physiotherapy; massage and therapeutic swimming gave positive results and the recovery process took less time.
The program has a pronounced positive effect on the clinical course of the disease, reduces the angle of curvature of scoliosis, stabilizes the pathological process, improves appearance and coordination of movements, improves respiratory and cardiovascular function (CCS), increases muscle strength and endurance.
Automated Cold Spray System: Description of Equipment and Performance Data
Authors: Blose R.E. , Roemer T.J. , Nichols R.T. , Mayer A.J. , Beatty D.E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold spray is adding another dimension to thermal spray coating processes with numerous applications that have yet to be realized. Current activities in the field of Cold Spray are rapidly moving from R&D to commercial applications in industry. To successfully commercialize the technology, cost effective, low maintenance, highly reliable, easy to operate equipment must be available and supported that is designed so that the spray processes can be controlled and repeated. With the growth of this technology there will be a demand for laboratory systems to perform applications research and development as well as high volume production machines for specific industrial applications. The recent focus of Cold Spray equipment development has been to perfect nozzles and gun assemblies, gas heaters, gas flow, powder feed, and process control. This paper describes the automated equipment that is available in the market today and presents advances in nozzle and gas heater performance as well as development of a laboratory powder feeder. This equipment will serve as the baseline for equipment that will soon be installed in industry for commercial production applications.
Metal Passivation to Resist Corrosion Using the Cold Spray Process
Authors: Blose R.E. , Vasquez D. , Kratochvil W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This report presents results of a new technology that looks promising to apply high quality corrosion resistant coatings in limited special areas. This technology could minimize or eliminate maintenance activities experienced today with existing corrosion preservation management systems. Four passivation coatings (aluminum, zinc, 85Zn- 15Al, and 55Al-45Zn) were deposited and evaluated using the Cold Spray process. The composite powders were not chemically alloyed but mixed by weight percent (powder alloyed) to prepare the composite mixture. Each coating was deposited with both nitrogen and helium gas. Deposition efficiency measurements were made for each powder/gas combination. Coatings were applied to DH-36 steel specimens and analyzed for quality of the bond line between the coating and substrate, porosity, bond strength, weight percent of metal constituents resident in the composite coatings, and integrity of the coating after 1000 hours of exposure to accelerated salt spray testing. Cold sprayed results are compared with specimens sprayed with aluminum using the flame sprayed process. Cost comparisons are made for depositing the various powders using both Cold Spray and flame spray processes.
Adjusted Thermal Spraying Layers to Enhance the Electromagnetic Forming of Metal Sheets
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Kleiner M. , Beerwald C. , Risch D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a process for forming sheet metals or thin metal tubes with a high electrical conductivity such as Al-alloys. Extremely high forming velocities can be achieved by employing this process based on pulsed electro-magnetic fields. To exploit the advantages of this process in forming sheet materials with a limited electrical conductivity thermal spraying methods have been applied. The essential requirement is based on the design and development of an electrically conductive layer system, which can act as a “driver“ for materials to be formed. Therefore, the layer has to fulfil high demands on its density as well as on the adhesion to the substrate. In this contribution a new coating concept for thin sheets to be electromagnetically formed is presented. The influences of pre-cleaning processes, coating parameters, layer properties and sheet thickness on the deformation are scrutinized. Accompanying metallographic, mechanical and microscopic investigations of the coated layers help to understand the mechanisms of materials behaviour during EMF processes.
Influence of the Injection Parameters on the Suspension Plasma Spraying Coating Properties
Authors: Siegert R. , Döring J.-E. , Marqués J.-L. , Vassen R. , Sebold D. , Stöver D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The suspension plasma spraying (SPS) technique implemented on DC plasma spray guns is a complex thermal spraying process. In order to gain a better understanding of this deposition technique a systematic “splat” study using a shutter mechanism and the line-scan test was conducted varying liquid feedstock properties (viscosity and surface tension) and injection parameters (stream velocity and mass-loading). Splat morphology revealed the degree of particle agglomeration within the droplet formed from the liquid/plasma interaction, as well as their impacting velocity and heating history. The droplet formation was correlated to the liquid feedstock injection velocity and its viscosity. A simple model was developed to explain the experimental results correlating suspension properties to suspension droplet fragmentation mechanism.
Control of Coating Properties of Abradable Seals by On-Line Process Diagnostics
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Zwick J. , Hertter M. , Sporer D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The efficiency of gas turbines is highly dependent upon the clearance between compressor housing and rotating blades. Abradable seal coatings are employed to minimize the clearance and control the over-tip leakage by allowing the blade tips to cut into the coating and herewith implementing a method of self-adjustment. These coatings consist of a thermally sprayed multiphase material, comprising a metal matrix, a dislocator and a defined level of porosity. Thermally sprayed abradable linings aim at a well balanced profile of properties relevant for the application as abradable seals. Amongst others these include: abradability, ageing resistance, corrosion and oxidation resistance as well as surface finish and bond strength to substrate materials. Due to the high demands in aircraft industry, the coating properties also have to match strict requirements with regards to quality control. Hence the spraying process has to be stable and well controlled. In this work, an APS sprayed abradable coating was sprayed with different sets of parameters and analysed by an on-line diagnostic system. The coating microstructure and properties were evaluated and related to the diagnostic results.
Coating Deposition of Bearing Materials on Connecting Rod by Thermal Spraying
Authors: Barbezat G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A reduction of the size and weight of connecting rods can be obtained using the deposition of bearing materials by thermal spraying directly on the substrate. For this application several thermal spray processes are coming in competition. However the aspect of the metallurgical reactions during the coating deposition should be taken in count. The alternative of different technologies is presented with respect on the coating characteristics, the potential of industrialization and of the costs. The characteristics of the coatings are also strongly depending of the part geometry.
Fast Determination of Particle Critical Velocity in Cold Spraying
Authors: Raletz F. , Vardelle M. , Ezo’o G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold spray process is a low temperature spraying method (&lt;600°C) based on particle high kinetic energy at impact (velocity in the range 300-1200 m/s). Powder is injected in a specific designed nozzle and, there, reaches high velocity. Even if bounding mechanisms are not perfectly known, it is established that adhesion can’t exist below a definite particle velocity called critical velocity. This specific velocity depends on both powder and substrate characteristics (chemical composition, mechanical properties…). The large number of parameters makes the determination of critical velocity very complex. But it is a fundamental value to determine the correct operating conditions. This work presents an imaging technique that allows a fast measurement of critical velocity. In this paper, the measuring method is first validated by comparing the critical velocity of copper (sprayed on copper substrate) found in the literature, with the measured one. Its accuracy is then tested with other materials and, finally, some improvements of the method are proposed.
HVOF Sprayed High Chromium and High Vanadium Containing Iron Based Hard Coatings for Combined Abrasive Wear and Corrosion Protection
Authors: Wielage B. , Wank A. , Pokmurska H. , Dilthey U. , Balashov B. , Gollnick J. , Stein L. , Kondapalli S. , Deppe E. , Schnick T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
HVOF sprayed WC/Co(Cr) and Cr3C2/Ni20Cr composite coatings have gained high acceptance in many industrial applications for protection of components against wear. The achieved coatings have quite good corrosion resistance for use of chromium containing matrices. Present research in the field of PTA-Surfacing resulted in the development of high chromium and high vanadium containing iron based hard alloys with simultaneous improvement of abrasive wear and corrosion resistance. These properties of the PTA-Surfaced coatings were studied and it was found that the newly developed alloys have nearly same wear resistance and improved corrosion resistance compared to Co-based alloys reinforced with Fused Tungsten Carbides (FTC). One major advantage of high chromium and high vanadium containing iron based coatings is machinability by turning and milling processes. These features make it attractive to be used in thermal spraying. The absence of substrate melting in HVOF-spraying is advantageous, as the coatings preserve the properties of the alloy due to prevention of dilution with substrate material in contrast to PTA-Surfacing. High chromium and high vanadium containing iron based atomized powder was used for HVOF spraying and deposition efficiency was measured. The sprayed coatings were studied metallographically by optical microscopy, SEM, XRD and micro-hardness measurements. Later, abrasive wear and corrosion properties of the coatings are investigated.
Supersonic Nozzles for the Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Wilden J. , Schwenk A. , Bergmann J.P. , Zimmermann S. , Landes K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most effecting parameters for the wire arc spraying with the regard to the properties of the sprayed coatings is the flow characteristic of the atomizing gas. Depending on the nozzle inner contour at the entrance of the torch, the atomizing gas is emanating the nozzle as a non-adjusted supersonic gas jet, either under- or over expanded. Thus, a convergent-divergent nozzle with a bell-shaped divergent exit is designed in order to generate a completely expanded atomizing gas flow inside the nozzle without any shock nodes in the emanating gas jet. The influence of the flow characteristic of the atomizing gas (air) on the droplet velocity is investigated by Laser- Doppler-Anemometry measurements. The coating quality is characterised with regard to the surface roughness and porosity.
In-Flight Behavior of Ni-Al Powder During Its Plasma Spraying
Authors: Voleník K. , Kolman B. , Dubský J. , Chráska P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A Ni-Al pseudo-alloy powder was studied from the point of view of spheroidization during spraying by a water-stabilized plasma gun. The powder particles of irregular shape were conglomerates of elemental Ni and Al, the average Al content being 9.7 %. To conserve the shape and composition of particles flying in the plasma stream, these were trapped in liquid nitrogen. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis were used to obtain information about particle shape and element distribution. Most plasma sprayed particles trapped in liquid nitrogen were composed of a Ni-Al alloy, where the Al content varied in a wide range. Spherical "caps" composed of Al-oxide covered partially their surfaces. It follows that on the interface between molten Ni and Al, the interaction of both components gave rise to a Ni-Al alloy. On the contrary, if Al was exposed to air, it oxidized rapidly during the flight of the particles. The X-ray diffraction lines of the metallic phase in the particles trapped in liquid nitrogen were shifted from the positions corresponding to pure Ni as observed in the feedstock powder. This, together with the line asymmetry, showed the presence of Ni-Al alloy containing varying amounts of Al. The X-ray diffraction did not find any elemental Al in the liquid nitrogen trapped powder, i.e. neither in the metallic phase nor in the "caps". This means that all Al accessible to the ambient oxygen was converted into oxide. The "caps" contained metastable γ- and δ- Al2O3. The mechanism of the "cap" formation appears to be based on the fact that after an acceleration and melting period, significant slowing down of a molten particle occurs. Due to the drag forces, the lighter Al2O3 melt concentrates on the rear part of the droplet surface. The main condition, under which this mechanism holds, is the presence of two immiscible melts in the droplets and the significantly differing densities of both melts.
Qualification of a Modified Triplex II Plasma Gun for Processing of Liquid Precursors and Wire- or Powder Shaped Spray Materials Under Controlled Atmosphere
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Möhwald K. , Kolar D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Sulzer Metco Triplex II gun marks a new generation of three cathode plasma guns. In opposition to conventional single cathode guns, it features a stationary plasma jet. Liquid precursors, wire- and powder shaped spray materials were processed with a modified Triplex II gun under controlled atmosphere and characteristics of the obtained coatings were investigated. A new shroud system was developed to handle susceptible to oxidation and reactive materials such as Ti and B4C. A conception of a wire conveyance system enables the handling of three wires of titanium simultaneously. Furthermore a liquid spray material feed system, for the generation of Al2O3-coating with low porosity based on nanoparticle suspensions, was developed and built. All coatings, which were manufactured by the different procedures, are characterized comprehensively by means of optical microscopy (OM) including interactive image analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with attached electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) system, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness.
Some Key Advices for the Modeling of Plasma Jets using FLUENT
Authors: Bolot R. , Li J. , Coddet C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many CFD software packages are commonly used for the modeling of thermal plasma jets. Unfortunately, according to some recent results reported in the literature, one may notice that two different software products do not always provide similar results for a similar case. For example, PHOENICS and FLUENT were recently used in a single study and some abnormal differences were observed in the numerical predictions [1]. After some intensive search, the reasons were identified and are explained in the present paper: it appears that all Fluent built-in k-å type turbulence models have to be modified especially for high temperature flows. Since Fluent is now extensively used for the modeling of plasma jets, it was considered useful to report the required correction to the scientific thermal spray community and this is the purpose of the present paper.
Compound Coatings of MCrAlY and Alumina Prepared by Detonation Thermal Spraying
Authors: Gao Y. , An L. , Kang Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compound coatings of MCrAlY and alumina shows a sandwich structure with good wear-resistance and intensity at elevated temperature, the coating are usually applied to the furnace roll in modern continuously annealing line or continuously galvanizing line, to prevent the pickup forming on the roll surface. Coatings were prepared by the detonation spraying and the effect of spraying parameter of the denotation gas composition on the microstructure of coatings was investigated. The percentages of MCrAlY and alumina in the coating were determined by the composition of detonation gas mixture. Alumina content in the coating increased with the reduction of the nitrogen dilution in the gas mixture, which resulted in the hardness enhancement of the coating. The microstructure of coatings is different from that prepared by thermal plasma spraying or HVOF.
Optimized Powder Feeding, a Key Parameter for Thermal Spraying
Authors: Gruner H. , Gruner Ph. , Moens J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The reliability and reproducibility of thermal sprayed coatings depend, apart from all other coating parameters, on a regular powder flow into the energy source. During the coating development, all parameters are optimized in respect to the coating application. Unfortunately with some desired coating conditions, the powder feeding becomes a difficult process. Quality management is not just a topic for medical and aerospacial industry, it has become increasing importance to all branches. Therefore the mechanic, volumetric powder dosing, which is now state of the art for thermal spraying, will be replaced by gravimetric supported and / or digitally controlled systems which combines high precision and permanent data control and storage. In this presentation the powder feeding process is described, beginning at the powder stock and ending at the injection into the energy source. Technical difficulties are discussed and actual solutions to improve the process are presented.
Analysis of Air Changes per Hour on Ventilation of Laboratory in a Tropical Rain forests Area
Authors: Putri Erlinda , Yolanda Namira , Munir Rahmawati 
Published: August 2022

Kalimantan is an island surrounded by tropical rain forests and has hot and humid weather because it is crossed by the equator. The hot and humid weather affects the human working climate in the exchange of air in the room, for example in the laboratory. This study objective was to know the amount of air exchange per hour at the Samarinda Occupational Safety and Health Center. The tools used were the TESTO 425 anemometer, a digital meter, a thermohygrometer, a manometer, and a laptop. The chambers where air changes per hour measured were the main laboratory, weighing chamber, UV-VIS spectrophotometer chamber, and atomic absorption and chromatography spectrophotometer chamber. Based on the results of measurements and data analysis, it can be concluded that the ventilation system of 3 out of 4 laboratory chambers has met the recommendation.
(Un)Doing the Colombian Armed Conflict
Authors: Olarte-Sierra María Fernanda 
Published: August 2022

English Abstract:
In 2005, Colombia enacted the Justice and Peace Law, which was a transitional framework for addressing the legal status of demobilised members of the paramilitary group Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia [United Self-Defence of Colombia] and other armed groups. In exchange for providing intelligence on the whereabouts of the bodies of people these groups had kidnapped and killed, prison sentences could be reduced. Forensic experts from the Attorney General’s Office were in charge of exhuming and identifying the bodies, placing them centre-stage as a source of scientific evidence, testimony and authority based on their presumed objectivity and non-prejudicial approach. However, forensic knowledge, like all knowledge, is situated, partial and performative. Here, I attend to the effects of forensic knowledge on victims’ right to truth, memory practices and the administration of justice under the Justice and Peace Law. I argue that forensic knowledge co-produces conflict by producing victims and perpetrators whose identities and stories can be at odds with other accounts of the violence that occurred.French Abstract:
En 2005, la loi sur la justice et la paix a été promulguée en Colombie. Il s’agissait d’un cadre transitoire permettant de régler le statut juridique des membres démobilisés du groupe paramilitaire Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia [Autodéfenses unies de Colombie] et d’autres groupes armés. Cette loi prévoyait la réduction des peines de prison en échange de renseignements sur l’emplacement des corps des personnes que ces groupes avaient enlevées et tuées. Des experts médico-légaux du bureau du procureur étaient chargés d’exhumer et d’identifier les corps. Cela les plaçait au centre de la scène en tant que source de preuves scientifiques, de témoignages et d’autorité, en raison de leur objectivité présumée et de leur approche non préjudiciable. Cependant, la connaissance médico-légale, comme toute connaissance, est située, partielle et performative. Je m’intéresse ici aux effets des connaissances médico-légales sur le droit des victimes à la vérité, les pratiques de mémoire et l’administration de la justice dans le cadre de la loi Justice et Paix en Colombie. Je soutiens que les connaissances médico-légales coproduisent des conflits en produisant des victimes et des auteurs dont les identités et les histoires peuvent être en contradiction avec d’autres récits de la violence qui s’est produite.
Situating the Investigation on Clandestine Graves in Mexico
Authors: Robledo Silvestre Carolina , Ramírez González Paola Alejandra 
Published: August 2022

English Abstract:
Over 90,000 people have been disappeared as a result of the War on Drugs that takes place in Mexico. Most of them are young people from poverty-stricken communities, stigmatised and targeted by an ongoing military campaign for their alleged connection to ‘organised crime’. Drawing on the experience of the search for bodies in hidden mass graves initiated by a group of mothers of those who have disappeared in the state of Sinaloa (Mexico), this article aims to provide a comprehensive reflection of the emotional turn and the forensic turn, from a feminist perspective. Our ethnographic contribution focuses on how Las Buscadoras (The Searching Women) resist rational acts related to the legal and scientific treatment of dead bodies through the mobilisation of symbolic, ritualistic and political community actions that reveal novel forms of affective recognition of and care for the dead. This, we argue, has resulted in a plurality of practices and meanings around truth and justice.French Abstract:
Plus de 90 000 personnes ont disparu en raison de la guerre contre la drogue qui se déroule au Mexique. La plupart d’entre elles sont des jeunes issus de communautés pauvres, stigmatisés et ciblés par une campagne militaire permanente en raison de leurs liens supposés avec le « crime organisé ». S’appuyant sur l’expérience de la recherche de corps dans des fosses communes cachées initiée par un groupe de mères de disparus dans l’État de Sinaloa (Mexique), cet article vise à fournir une réflexion globale sur le tournant émotionnel et le tournant médico-légal, dans une perspective féministe. Notre contribution ethnographique se concentre sur la façon dont Las Buscadoras (les femmes qui cherchent) résistent aux actes rationnels liés au traitement légal et scientifique des cadavres par la mobilisation d’actions communautaires symboliques, rituelles et politiques qui révèlent de nouvelles formes de reconnaissance affective et de soins pour les morts. Nous soutenons que cela a donné lieu à une pluralité de pratiques et de significations autour de la vérité et de la justice.