bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop rotation and tillage impact yield performance of soybean, sorghum, and wheat
Authors: Simão Luana M. , Peterson Dallas , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Rice Charles W. , Du Juan , Lin Xiaomao , Lollato Romulo P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe benefits of no‐till to crop yield depend on environment and crop sequence; thus, understanding their interactions is a long‐term process. This 44‐year field experiment examined grain yield, yield stability, and adaptability of continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Ct‐WT), continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (Ct‐SY), continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Ct‐GS), soybean–winter wheat rotation (SY‐WT), and soybean‐grain sorghum rotation (SY‐GS) under three tillage systems (NT, no‐tillage; RT, reduced tillage; CT, conventional tillage) near Ashland Bottoms, KS. The temporal variation across the studied years allowed us to evaluate treatments under low‐ and high‐yielding environments. Crop rotation consistently outyielded continuous cropping, and the advantage was enhanced when integrated with NT. Yield stability decreased under NT continuous cropping in most systems. Wheat was adaptable to low‐ and high‐yielding environments with similar grain yield and yield stability among treatments, except for NT Ct‐WT, which had the lowest yield stability and grain yield (2.5 vs. 3.5 Mg ha−1). Soybean grain yield was greater under rotation than Ct‐SY (2.7 vs. 2.0 Mg ha−1) and under NT than RT and CT (2.6 vs. 2.4 Mg ha−1), with similar yield stability. Soybean grown after wheat was more adaptable to low‐yielding environments and grown after sorghum to high‐yielding environments. Sorghum in NT SY‐GS was adaptable to low‐ and high‐yielding environments and had the greatest yield (6.2 Mg ha−1) and yield stability. This long‐term study demonstrated the advantages of crop rotation combined with NT on grain yield, yield stability, and crop adaptability.
Nebraska winter wheat unexpected flowering in Egypt: New improvement opportunities
Authors: Elbasyoni Ibrahim S. , Morsy Sabah , Abdelghany Ahmed M. , Naser Mahmoud , Mashaheet Alsayed M. , Abdallah Ahmad M. , Hafez Mohamed , Frels Katherine , Baenziger Peter Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe University of Nebraska has bred some of the most winter hardy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in the United States. With the advent of a new race of stem rust in Africa, the breeding program identified a testing site in northern Egypt, a Mediterranean environment, for seedling disease resistance screening. Quite surprisingly, the Nebraska winter wheat lines flowered when grown in northern Egypt, indicating the lines were vernalized. To confirm this result, a panel of 112 Nebraska winter wheat genotypes and three commercially grown Egyptian spring wheat check cultivars were grown in three replicates in a randomized incomplete block design at two locations for 3 years (2016/2017–2018/2019) in Egypt. Seven traits were measured on all genotypes (the number of days to flowering; total chlorophyll content; plant height; leaf, stem, and stripe rust reaction; and grain yield). The winter wheat genotypes flowered and several of them were not significantly different in grain yield from the spring cultivars. A multi‐trait stability index identified 22 genotypes (20% selection intensity, the local checks, and 19 lines from the United States) for good performance. This study provides novel evidence that winter wheat can flower in northern Egypt, can be used for adult plant resistance screening, and provide a grain yield comparable to the commercially grown spring wheat cultivars. Our findings are expected to facilitate future efforts to hybridize winter‐by‐spring lines to develop new genotypes with unique combinations of genes to improve grain yield production, adaptation, disease resistance, and climate resiliency.
Familial Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome in a multigenerational family: Forty years of careful phenotyping
Authors: Best Lyle G. , Duffy Kelly A. , George Andrew M. , Ganguly Arupa , Kalish Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBeckwith‐Wiedemann Spectrum (BWSp) is an overgrowth and cancer predisposition disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of phenotypic manifestations including macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycemia, and predisposition to embryonal tumors. In 1981, Best and Hoekstra reported four patients with BWSp in a single family which suggested autosomal dominant inheritance, but standard clinical testing for BWSp was not available during this time. Meticulous phenotyping of this family has occurred over the past 40 years of follow‐up with additional family members being identified and samples collected for genetic testing. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic mutation in CDKN1C, consistent with the most common cause of familial BWSp. CDKN1C mutations account for just 5% of sporadic cases of BWSp. Here, we report the variable presentation of BWSp across the individuals affected by the CDKN1C mutation and other extended family members spanning multiple generations, all examined by the same physician. Additional phenotypes thought to be atypical in patients with BWSp were reported which included cardiac abnormalities. The incidence of tumors was documented in extended family members and included rhabdomyosarcoma, astrocytoma, and thyroid carcinoma, which have previously been reported in patients with BWSp. These observations suggest that in addition to the inheritance of the CDKN1C variant, there are modifying factors in this family driving the phenotypic spectrum observed. Alternative theories are suggested to explain the etiology of clinical variability including diffused mosaicism, anticipation, and the presence of additional variants tracking in the family. This study highlights the necessity of long‐term follow‐up in patients with BWSp and consideration of individual familial characteristics in the context of phenotype and/or (epi)genotype associations.
Unusual pubic bone morphology in A.L. 288‐1 (Australopithecus afarensis) and MH2 (Australopithecus sediba)
Authors: Eyre Jennifer , DeSilva Jeremy M. , Semaw Sileshi , Williams Scott A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe describe a novel pelvic feature, the “ventral sulcus,” located on the pubic bone ventrolateral to the pubic symphysis, which is present in A.L. 288‐1 (Australopithecus afarensis) and MH2 (Australopithecus sediba). We determine how widespread the appearance of the ventral sulcus is in fossil hominins, modern humans, and other extant hominoids.Materials and MethodsWe examine all known hominin fossils that preserve the medial portion of the pubic bone, including A.L. 288‐1 and MH2. We also study 217 humans derived from global osteological collections and all genera of extant apes.ResultsWe illustrate, describe, and define the ventral sulcus and distinguish it from age‐ and sex‐related morphologies that are sometimes present in extant humans. We do not find evidence for the ventral sulcus in our comparative human and ape samples, but find equivocal evidence for its presence in the fossils Sts 14 (Australopithecus africanus) and StW 573 (A. africanus/Australopithecus prometheus).DiscussionVentral sulci are potentially present in all four known adult Australopithecus fossils that preserve the medial portion of the pubic bone, but not present in MH1, a subadult Australopithecus sediba. This raises questions about whether ventral sulci are widespread in Australopithecus, confined to adults, or, as A.L. 288‐1, MH2, StW 573, and Sts 14 have all been estimated as female, whether it is a sex‐associated trait. Alternatively, ventral sulci could be taphonomic artifacts or idiosyncratic pathologies. Further research is needed to determine if ventral sulci are functional in origin and how widespread they are in the genus Australopithecus.
Estimating prevalence of early Alzheimer's disease in the United States, accounting for racial and ethnic diversity
Authors: Gillis Cai , Montenigro Philip , Nejati Mina , Maserejian Nancy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionUpdated estimates of the US Alzheimer's disease (AD) population, including under‐represented populations, are needed to improve clinical trial diversity.MethodsA step‐wise approach calculating prevalent numbers from clinical syndrome to biomarker‐positive mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD and mild AD was developed, using age‐and‐race/ethnicity‐stratified data where available.ResultsThe estimated percentage of Americans aged ≥ 65 years with MCI due to AD was 9.2% of non‐Hispanic Whites, 13.6% of non‐Hispanic Blacks, 11.1% Hispanics, and 9.7% other race/ethnicities. The estimated percentage of Americans aged ≥ 65 years with mild dementia due to AD among non‐Hispanic Whites was 3.7%, non‐Hispanic Blacks 7.0%, Hispanics 5.3%, and 3.9% other race/ethnicities. Of these early‐stage AD cases, few are likely diagnosed, ranging from 13% of prevalent non‐Hispanic Black cases to 27% of non‐Hispanic White cases.DiscussionUnder‐representation in clinical trials may be improved by setting recruitment goals reflecting the diversity of the AD patient population and supporting efforts toward timely diagnosis.
Synaptic Loss in Frontotemporal Dementia Revealed by [11C]UCB‐J Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Malpetti Maura , Jones P. Simon , Cope Thomas E. , Holland Negin , Naessens Michelle , Rouse Matthew A. , Rittman Timothy , Savulich George , Whiteside David J. , Street Duncan , Fryer Tim D. , Hong Young T. , Milicevic Sephton Selena , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , O′Brien John T. , Rowe James B. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveSynaptic loss is an early feature of neurodegenerative disease models, and is severe in post mortem clinical studies, including frontotemporal dementia. Positron emission tomography (PET) with radiotracers that bind to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A enables quantification of synaptic density in vivo. This study used [11C]UCB‐J PET in participants with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), testing the hypothesis that synaptic loss is severe and related to clinical severity.MethodsEleven participants with clinically probable bvFTD and 25 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included. Participants underwent dynamic [11C]UCB‐J PET, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and a neuropsychological battery, including the revised Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination, and INECO frontal screening. General linear models compared [11C]UCB‐J binding potential maps and gray matter volume between groups, and assessed associations between synaptic density and clinical severity in patients. Analyses were also performed using partial volume corrected [11C]UCB‐J binding potential from regions of interest (ROIs).ResultsPatients with bvFTD showed severe synaptic loss compared to controls. [11C]UCB‐J binding was reduced bilaterally in medial and dorsolateral frontal regions, inferior frontal gyri, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, insular cortex, and medial temporal lobe. Synaptic loss in the frontal and cingulate regions correlated significantly with cognitive impairments. Synaptic loss was more severe than atrophy. Results from ROI‐based analyses mirrored the voxelwise results.InterpretationIn accordance with preclinical models, and human postmortem evidence, there is widespread frontotemporal loss of synapses in symptomatic bvFTD, in proportion to severity. [11C]UCB‐J PET could support translational studies and experimental medicine strategies for new disease‐modifying treatments for neurodegeneration. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:142–154
Identification of the Active Sites on Metallic MoO2−xNano‐Sea‐Urchin for Atmospheric CO2Photoreduction Under UV, Visible, and Near‐Infrared Light Illumination
Authors: Wu Xi , Zhang Wenlei , Li Jun , Xiang Quanjun , Liu Zhongyi , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report an oxygen vacancy (Vo)‐rich metallic MoO2−xnano‐sea‐urchin with partially occupied band, which exhibits super CO2(even directly from the air) photoreduction performance under UV, visible and near‐infrared (NIR) light illumination. The Vo‐rich MoO2−xnano‐sea‐urchin displays a CH4evolution rate of 12.2 and 5.8 μmol gcatalyst−1 h−1under full spectrum and NIR light illumination in concentrated CO2, which is ca. 7‐ and 10‐fold higher than the Vo‐poor MoO2−x, respectively. More interestingly, the as‐developed Vo‐rich MoO2−xnano‐sea‐urchin can even reduce CO2directly from the air with a CO evolution rate of 6.5 μmol gcatalyst−1 h−1under NIR light illumination. Experiments together with theoretical calculations demonstrate that the oxygen vacancy in MoO2−xcan facilitate CO2adsorption/activation to generate *COOH as well as the subsequent protonation of *CO towards the formation of CH4because of the formation of a highly stable Mo−C−O−Mo intermediate.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Butadiene‐Mediated Crotylation and Oxazaborolidine‐Catalyzed Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction for The Synthesis of C1–C19 and C23–C35 of Neaumycin B
Authors: Liang Xinting , Yoo Minjin , Schempp Tabitha , Maejima Saki , Krische Michael J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeaumycin B is a femtomolar inhibitor of U87 human glioblastoma. Using a newly developed anti‐diastereoselective ruthenium‐catalyzed butadiene‐mediated crotylation of primary alcohol proelectrophiles via hydrogen auto‐transfer, as well as a novel variant of the catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol (VMA) reaction applicable to linear aliphatic aldehydes and terminally methylated dienyl ketene acetals, preparation of the key C1–C19 and C23–C35 substructures of neaumycin B is achieved in 12 and 7 steps (LLS), respectively.
Catalytic degradation of methyl orange using beta cyclodextrin modified polyvinylidene fluoride mixed matrix membranes imbedded with in‐situ generated palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Ndlovu Lloyd N. , Malatjie Kgolofelo I. , Donga Cabangani , Mishra Ajay K. , Nxumalo Edward N. , Mishra Shivani B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAzo dyes effluent can cause severe and chronic effects to living organisms since they are toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. They color water, reduce dissolved oxygen, block light penetration, decrease the rate of photosynthesis and adversely affect the whole aquatic biota. Catalysis is one of the methods used in degrading azo dyes to less harmful species. Catalytic palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are effective in the degradation of azo dyes owing to their large surface area and unique electronic properties. However, they are costly, unstable and easily aggregate; hence, a substrate is necessary to enhance their stability, reusability, durability, catalytic efficiency, and cost effectiveness. Herein, Pd NPs were in‐situ synthesized and immobilized in beta cyclodextrin (β‐CD) modified polyvinylidene‐fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The fabricated membranes were characterized using different techniques. Pd NPs slightly improved the properties and performance of the membranes. A complete catalytic degradation of methyl orange azo dye was carried out within 20 min in the presence of sodium borohydride and the increase in Pd NP content increased the rate of degradation. The membranes were recycled and reused five times with no considerable loss of catalytic performance. Therefore, PVDF/β‐CD‐Pd membranes proved to be self‐cleaning, reusable, and efficient in removal of methyl orange from water.
Natural fibers and zinc hydroxystannate 3D microspheres based composite paper sheets for modern bendable energy storage application
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Kainat Fatima , Manzoor Sadaf , Liaquat Hamza , Waheed Arslan , Akhtar Sultan , Rafiq Imran , Jafri S. Hassan M. , Li Hu , Razaq Aamir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor modern high‐tech flexible energy storage devices, it becomes important to synthesize micro‐/nanostructures as per the required shape and morphology with superior physical and electro‐active characteristics. This work shares the fabrication and characterization of ZnSn(OH)6 (Zinc hydroxystannate [ZHS]) prepared by facile microwave‐assisted technique and furthermore converted into flexible sheets by employing lignocelluloses (LC) known as natural fibers, collected from Carica papaya leaf petiole as a substrate to provide the flexible matrix. X‐ray diffraction measurements confirm the successful crystalline structure of ZHS. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed the solid spherical structure of ZHS microspheres. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the composite formation of ZHS and LC‐based composite sheets (ZHS/LC sheets). Electrochemical measurements that is, cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance (EIS) spectroscopy revealed the electroactive behavior of ZHS/LC paper sheets as working electrode for energy storage applications. CV measurements revealed the specific capacitance of 100 F/g and EIS measurements confirmed the decrease in the resistance of LC fiber after the growth of ZHS microspheres. Presented flexible ZHS based paper sheets will be highly feasible for the modern bendable/flexible/disposable energy storage applications.
Molecular dynamics simulation of α‐ZrP/UHMWPE blend composites containing compatibilizer and its tribological behavior under seawater lubrication
Authors: Cai Tun , Zhan Shengpeng , Yang Tian , Jia Dan , Cheng Bingxue , Tu Jiesong , Li Jian , Duan Haitao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, blended composites with ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) as matrix polymer, α‐zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) as filler, and sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) as compatibilizer were prepared. The interfacial interaction between PAANa as a compatibilizer and the components of α‐ZrP/UHMWPE was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The friction and wear behavior of the GCr15 ball/composite friction pair under seawater lubrication under different loads were explored, and the friction and wear mechanism were analyzed. The results show that PAANa as a compatibilizer can effectively improve the interfacial interaction force between components of PAANa/α‐ZrP/UHMWPE composites. The composites exhibited different trends regarding the relationship between tribological properties and α‐ZrP content under various loads. The wear mechanism of composites under low load is mainly represented by extrusion deformation. With the increase of load, the wear mechanism of composites gradually changed into adhesive wear and abrasive wear (depending on the content of α‐ZrP). This work provides a theoretical basis for preparing and applying other α‐ZrP/polymer blend composites.
Ovalbumin has unusually good wood adhesive strength and water resistance
Authors: Lorenz Linda F. , Frihart Charles R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe interest in non‐formaldehyde adhesives has reinvigorated studies using proteins from plant and animal sources, with an emphasis on plant‐based sources, especially the oilseed plants such as soybean. Although animal‐based sources have received much less attention, and ovalbumin from egg whites has not been studied at all, it provides a surprising low viscosity and high wet strength as a wood adhesive. Of the animal and plant proteins used in the past, egg protein has been used for centuries as a binder in tempera, for book illumination, and for gilding, but not as a water‐resistant wood adhesive. The isolated ovalbumin is the best, but dried egg whites and whole egg have good adhesive strength. The parameters for ovalbumin wood bonding are examined with thin veneers using ASTM D 7998 and plywood tests using D 906. Sodium metabisulfite, sodium periodate, urea, and polyamidoamine‐epichlorohydrin (PAE) improve the wet bond strength, but the surfactants CTAB and SDS at low concentrations do not. Although the high protein content of the ovalbumin is important for good strength, the low viscosity of the protein adhesive provides further insight into protein–protein interactions.
Yeast‐derived vacuoles as a novel carrier with enhanced hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer penetration
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc‐Han Thi , Nguyen Ngoc‐Tu , Kim Yang Hoon , Min Jiho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a brain protection structure that restricts drug delivery from the blood to the central nervous system. Thus, we developed a novel drug carrier using yeast vacuoles to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to assess the drug transportability of yeast vacuoles using a human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) cell monolayer. Here, we used daunorubicin (DNR) as a microtubule‐targeting agent with the ability to disaggregate pre‐formed fibrils and prevent Tau fibrillization. An in vitro model was developed by culturing hCMEC/D3 cells on Transwell inserts in EBM‐2 endothelial basal medium until the cells formed a monolayer. Next, nano‐sized yeast vacuoles were loaded with DNR, and the signals inside and outside the hMEC/D3 cell monolayer were detected using the GloMax® Explorer fluorometer. DNR penetrated the cell monolayer and was regulated by endocytosis via receptor‐mediated macropinocytosis on the surface of the cell. Confocal imaging showed a significant increase in intracellular DNR fluorescence when the cells were treated with the vacuole‐encapsulated drug. These results indicate that the drug penetrated the hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer via encapsulation into the vacuoles. Overall, yeast‐derived vacuoles are promising candidates as drug carriers to the brain.
Enhanced production of 3,4‐dihydroxybutyrate from xylose by engineered yeast via xylonate re‐assimilation under alkaline condition
Authors: Yukawa Takahiro , Bamba Takahiro , Matsuda Mami , Yoshida Takanobu , Inokuma Kentaro , Kim Jungyeon , Won Lee Jae , Jin Yong‐Su , Kondo Akihiko , Hasunuma Tomohisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo realize lignocellulose‐based bioeconomy, efficient conversion of xylose into valuable chemicals by microbes is necessary. Xylose oxidative pathways that oxidize xylose into xylonate can be more advantageous than conventional xylose assimilation pathways because of fewer reaction steps without loss of carbon and ATP. Moreover, commodity chemicals like 3,4‐dihydroxybutyrate and 3‐hydroxybutyrolactone can be produced from the intermediates of xylose oxidative pathway. However, successful implementations of xylose oxidative pathway in yeast have been hindered because of the secretion and accumulation of xylonate which is a key intermediate of the pathway, leading to low yield of target product. Here, high‐yield production of 3,4‐dihydroxybutyrate from xylose by engineered yeast was achieved through genetic and environmental perturbations. Specifically, 3,4‐dihydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway was established in yeast through deletion of ADH6 and overexpression of yneI. Also, inspired by the mismatch of pH between host strain and key enzyme of XylD, alkaline fermentations (pH ≥ 7.0) were performed to minimize xylonate accumulation. Under the alkaline conditions, xylonate was re‐assimilated by engineered yeast and combined product yields of 3,4‐dihydroxybutyrate and 3‐hydroxybutyrolactone resulted in 0.791 mol/mol‐xylose, which is highest compared with previous study. These results shed light on the utility of the xylose oxidative pathway in yeast.