bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the similarities and differences in lung cancer symptom appraisal and help‐seeking according to smoking status? A qualitative study with lung cancer patients
Authors: Black Georgia B. , van Os Sandra , Whitaker Katriina L. , Hawkins Gill S. , Quaife Samantha L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveLung cancer in never‐smokers represents a growing proportion of patients. The relationship between smoking status, symptom appraisal and help‐seeking behaviour is complex. Little is known about cancer symptom‐related health behaviours according to smoking status. The aim of the study was to explore lung cancer patients' experiences of a lung cancer diagnosis, identifying differences by smoking history.MethodThis was a qualitative study involving telephone interviews with 40 lung cancer patients (20 never smokers, 11 former smokers and 9 current smokers). We used framework analysis to analyse the data using the Common Sense Model of Illness Self‐Regulation as a theoretical framework, developed after initial analysis.ResultsAll patients were likely to delay seeking help for symptoms in primary care regardless of smoking history, but for different reasons. Smoking history was instrumental to how individuals perceived and responded to early symptoms of lung cancer. Differences in interpretation and coping responses to new symptoms seemed to be caused by the higher presence of comorbidities due to smoking, and perceptions of the current state of health. Individuals with a smoking history reported acting with urgency in seeking help and follow up, whereas patients who experienced low levels of concern were more easily reassured by clinicians, resulting in delays.ConclusionsNever and former smokers perceive, interpret, and respond to symptoms of lung cancer differently to smokers. However, few people attribute their lung symptoms to cancer initially, even with a smoking history. Interventions that drive increased urgency and vigilance in never smokers may be effective.
Structural insights into the mechanism of adaptive ribosomal modification by PseudomonasRimK
Authors: Thompson Catriona M. A. , Little Richard H. , Stevenson Clare E. M. , Lawson David M. , Malone Jacob G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBacteria are equipped with a diverse set of regulatory tools that allow them to quickly adapt to their environment. The RimK system allows for Pseudomonas spp. to adapt through post‐transcriptional regulation by altering the ribosomal subunit RpsF. RimK is found in a wide range of bacteria with a conserved amino acid sequence, however, the genetic context and the role of this protein is highly diverse. By solving and comparing the structures of RimK homologs from two related but functionally divergent systems, we uncovered key structural differences that likely contribute to the different activity levels of each of these homologs. Moreover, we were able to clearly resolve the active site of this protein for the first time, resolving binding of the glutamate substrate. This work advances our understanding of how subtle differences in protein sequence and structure can have profound effects on protein activity, which can in turn result in widespread mechanistic changes.
Two‐Dimensional Van Der Waals Topological Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Device Applications
Authors: Zhang Gaojie , Wu Hao , Zhang Liang , Yang Li , Xie Yuanmiao , Guo Fei , Li Hongda , Tao Boran , Wang Guofu , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, 2D van der Waals (vdW) topological materials (TMs), including topological insulators and topological semimetals, which combine atomically flat 2D layers and topologically nontrivial band structures, have attracted increasing attention in condensed‐matter physics and materials science. These easily cleavable and integrated TMs provide the ideal platform for exploring topological physics in the 2D limit, where new physical phenomena may emerge, and represent a potential to control and investigate exotic properties and device applications in nanoscale topological phases. However, multifaced efforts are still necessary, which is the prerequisite for the practical application of 2D vdW TMs. Herein, this review focuses on the preparation, properties, and device applications of 2D vdW TMs. First, three common preparation strategies for 2D vdW TMs are summarized, including single crystal exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and molecular beam epitaxy. Second, the origin and regulation of various properties of 2D vdW TMs are introduced, involving electronic properties, transport properties, optoelectronic properties, thermoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and magnetism. Third, some device applications of 2D vdW TMs are presented, including field‐effect transistors, memories, spintronic devices, and photodetectors. Finally, some significant challenges and opportunities for the practical application of 2D vdW TMs in 2D topological electronics are briefly addressed.
Ausführung und Fertigung von geschweißten, hochfesten Hohlprofilknoten
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Hensel Jonas , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Ummenhofer Thomas , Engelhardt Imke , Kästner Thoralf , Rust Brian , Neumann Martin , Knecht Wigand , Münch Adrian , Schmidt Jan , Hälsig André , Weidner Philipp , Weinert Joscha , Larasser Valentin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEtablierte Fertigungsmöglichkeiten erlauben den genauen Zuschnitt der Kontur von auf Hohlprofilgurten aufgesetzten Fachwerkstäben als runde oder rechteckige Hohlprofile. Bei der Tragfähigkeitsberechnung von Hohlprofilanschlüssen nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 und ISO 14346 werden volltragfähige Schweißverbindungen vorausgesetzt. Einflüsse auf die Tragfähigkeit von Hohlprofilanschlüssen haben u. a. die Schweißnahtgeometrie, die Stähle der Gurte und Füllstäbe sowie die verwendeten Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe und Schweißprozesse. Verschiedene Versagensformen setzen voraus, dass der Anschluss eine ausreichende Duktilität ausweist. Daher muss ausreichend plastisches Umlagerungsvermögen vorhanden sein. Mit zunehmender Streckgrenze wird es schwieriger, diese Voraussetzung zu erfüllen. Gründe hierfür können in einer Festigkeitsreduzierung oder Versprödung der Schweißnahtbereiche liegen. Um ein vorzeitiges Versagen innerhalb der Wärmeeinflusszone zu vermeiden, ist eine sach‐ und fachgerechte Ausführung der Schweißverbindungen erforderlich. In einem weiteren Beitrag der vorliegenden Ausgabe der Stahlbau wird auf die statische Tragfähigkeit geschweißter, hochfester Hohlprofilknoten eingegangen. Zu den hierzu laufenden AiF‐FOSTA‐Forschungsvorhaben wird eine Übersicht gegeben. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Bemessung und Ausführung von Schweißverbindungen an hochfesten Stahlhohlprofilen erläutert. Dabei wird zunächst auf die Bemessungsregeln von Schweißnahtverbindungen in der Neuausgabe der EN 1993‐1‐8 eingegangen. Es folgen Erläuterungen zur Herstellung geschweißter Stahlhohlprofilanschlüsse einschließlich des Zuschnitts, der Flankenvorbereitung und der schweißtechnischen Ausführung. Darauf aufbauend wird die Entwicklung eines Versuchsprogramms zur Untersuchung von Füllstab‐Gurt‐Anschlüssen vorgestellt und der Einfluss der Fertigungsparameter auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Schweißnähte und der Wärmeeinflusszone beschrieben.
Long strings and quasinormal winding modes
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Troost Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We compute the path integral for a particle on the covering group of SL(2, ℝ) using a decomposition of the Lie algebra into adjoint orbits. We thus intuitively derive the Hilbert space of the particle on the group including discrete and continuous representations. Next, we perform a Lorentzian hyperbolic orbifold of the partition function and relate it to the Euclidean BTZ partition function. We use the particle model to inform further discussion of the spectral content of the one loop vacuum amplitude for strings on BTZ black hole backgrounds. We argue that the poles in the loop integrand code contributions of long string modes that wind the black hole. We moreover identify saddle point contributions of quasinormal winding modes.
Rigorous bounds on irrelevant operators in the 3d Ising model CFT
Authors: Reehorst Marten 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We use the recently developed navigator method to obtain rigorous upper and lower bounds on new OPE data in the 3d Ising CFT. For example, assuming that there are only two ℤ2-even scalar operators ϵ and ϵ′ with a dimension below 6 we find a narrow allowed interval for ∆ϵ′, λσσϵ′ and λϵϵϵ′. With similar assumptions in the ℤ2-even spin-2 and the ℤ2-odd scalar sectors we are also able to constrain: the central charge cT; the OPE data ∆T′, λϵϵT′ and λσσT′ of the second spin-2 operator; and the OPE data ∆σ′ and λσϵσ′ of the second ℤ2-odd scalar. We compare the rigorous bounds we find with estimates that have been previously obtained using the extremal functional method (EFM) and find a good match. This both validates the EFM and shows the navigator-search method to be a feasible and more rigorous alternative for estimating a large part of the low-dimensional operator spectrum. We also investigate the effect of imposing sparseness conditions on all sectors at once. We find that the island does not greatly reduce in size under these assumptions. We efficiently find islands and determine their size in high-dimensional parameter spaces (up to 13 parameters). This shows that using the navigator method the numerical conformal bootstrap is no longer constrained to the exploration of small parameter spaces.
Celestial Yang-Mills amplitudes and D = 4 conformal blocks
Authors: Fan Wei , Fotopoulos Angelos , Stieberger Stephan , Taylor Tomasz R. , Zhu Bin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We discuss the properties of recently constructed “single-valued” celestial four-gluon amplitudes. We show that the amplitude factorizes into the “current” part and the “scalar” part. The current factor is given by the group-dependent part of the Wess-Zumino-Witten correlator of four holomorphic currents with a non-vanishing level of Kač-Moody algebra. The scalar factor can be expressed in terms of a complex integral of the Koba-Nielsen form, similar to the integrals describing four-point correlators in Coulomb gas models and, more generally, in the infinite central charge limit of Liouville theory. The scalar part can be also obtained by a dimensional reduction of a single D = 4 conformal block and the shadow block from Minkowski space to the celestial sphere.
Proportion and Disproportion in the Late Gothic Layout of the Charterhouse of Jerez (Cádiz, Spain)
Authors: Castellano-Román Manuel , Pinto Puerto Francisco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe construction of a large and complex monastery such as the Charterhouse of Jerez required a precise geometric plan, the layout, which once deployed on the ground becomes the shape control system of the construction process. The basic geometric figure that supports the layout is the square and the variations derived from the ratio between its side and its diagonal. This paper presents the graphic definition of this geometric layout and analyses its persistence over more than three centuries of architectural evolution (fifteenth through eighteenth centuries). During this lengthy process, it has been possible to characterise how the rigour of geometric abstraction, the natural conditions of the ground on which the monastery was founded, and the functional and symbolic demands of the Carthusian order have been balanced. Likewise, there has been an analysis of the situations in which disproportion is imposed: the alteration or abandonment of the geometric plan. These undesirable situations reveal the imposition of existing conditions and the evolution of artistic concepts.
An aeroelastic optimisation framework for manufacturable variable stiffness composite wings including critical gust loads
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Peeters Daniël , De Breuker Roeland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work presents a new aeroelastic optimisation framework for the preliminary design of variable stiffness composite wing structures. The framework is constructed by sequentially and iteratively solving two sub-problems: aeroelastic tailoring and lay-up retrieval, using gradient-based algorithms with full-analytical sensitivities provided. During aeroelastic tailoring, the wing mass is minimised by optimising the lamination parameters and thickness of wing laminates together with wing jig twist distribution. The load cases cover not only static loads, but also the critical gust loads that are identified across the entire flight envelop at every iteration of optimisation. Further, a cruise shape constraint is included in addition to other aerostructural constraints, so that the optimal aircraft performance can be ensured. During lay-up retrieval, the manufacturable stacking sequence is retrieved according to the optimal lamination parameters with the consideration of minimal steering radius constraint. Moreover, to fix the possible constraint violations caused by lay-up retrieval, a correction strategy is incorporated to tighten the violated constraints for repeating aeroelastic tailoring. Finally, several case studies on the design of NASA common research model wing are carried out and investigated. The results indicate that the critical gust loads and cruise shape constraint have a large influence on the design of tow-steered composite wing structures, which therefore demonstrate the usefulness and benefits of the proposed optimisation framework.
Effects of developmental environment on animal personality in a tropical skink
Authors: de Jong Madeleine , Phillips Ben L. , Llewelyn John , Chapple David G. , Wong Bob B. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopmental environments play a significant role in shaping animal phenotype, including behavior. Within a species, individuals often differ in behavior in a consistent and repeatable way (i.e., demonstrate animal personality). This consistency in behavior can be affected by differences in conditions experienced early in life. It is, however, unclear whether effects of developmental environments on animal personality are driven by changes in within- or between-individual variation. To investigate this, we measured activity, exploration, sociability, and boldness in adult male southern rainforest sunskinks,Lampropholis similis, incubated at either 23 °C or 26 °C, and compared behavioral phenotypes between these incubation treatments. We also compared the behavior of these incubation groups to a cohort of wild-caught skinks to determine whether rearing in captivity also affected the personality of the lizards. Skinks that had been incubated at a higher temperature were more explorative and demonstrated personality in a larger suite of traits compared to lizards incubated at a lower temperature or caught in the wild. These differences among developmental environment were primarily driven by within-individual variation, which tended to be higher among the high incubation treatment. We also found no evidence for a behavioral syndrome in either captive- or wild-reared skinks. Our results suggest the potential for greater behavioral plasticity in skinks incubated at a higher temperature, which may enable them to cope with environmental change, such as climate warming, in the short term. Overall, we show that effects of developmental environment are complex and play a pivotal role in shaping animal personality.Significance statementExperiences during development are expected to influence how animals develop, including their behavior. We tested early environment effects on behavior in adult southern rainforest sunskinks by comparing lizards incubated at different temperatures as well as comparing those reared in the wild with those reared in captive environments. We found that lizards incubated at the higher temperature were more exploratory. Furthermore, both incubation temperature and captivity/wild-rearing had pronounced effects on the consistency of behavior—in different directions for different traits—demonstrating developmental environments have strong effects on animal personality. Such changes in behavioral traits likely have flow-on effects for the animal’s fitness and biotic interactions.
The long-term course of subsolid nodules and predictors of interval growth on chest CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Linyu , Gao Chen , Kong Ning , Lou Xinjing , Xu Maosheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To calculate the pooled incidence of interval growth after long-term follow-up and identify predictors of interval growth in subsolid nodules (SSNs) on chest CT.

Methods
A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, and Embase was performed on November 08, 2021, for relevant studies. Patient information, CT scanner, and SSN follow-up information were extracted from each included study. A random-effects model was applied along with subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test.

Results
Of the 6802 retrieved articles, 16 articles were included and analyzed, providing a total of 2898 available SSNs. The pooled incidence of growth in the 2898 SSNs was 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15–29%). The pooled incidence of growth in the subgroup analysis of pure ground-glass nodules was 26% (95% CI: 12–39%). The incidence of SSN growth after 2 or more years of stability was only 5% (95% CI: 3–7%). An initially large SSN size was found to be the most frequent risk factor affecting the incidence of SSN growth and the time of growth.

Conclusions
The pooled incidence of SSN growth was as high as 22%, with a 26% incidence reported for pure ground-glass nodules. Although the incidence of growth was only 5% after 2 or more years of stability, long-term follow-up is needed in certain cases. Moreover, the initial size of the SSN was the most frequent risk factor for growth.

Key Points
• Based on a meta-analysis of 2898 available subsolid nodules in the literature, the pooled incidence of growth was 22% for all subsolid nodules and 26% for pure ground-glass nodules.
• After 2 or more years of stability on follow-up CT, the pooled incidence of subsolid nodule growth was only 5%.
• Given the incidence of subsolid nodule growth, management of these lesions with long-term follow-up is preferred.
Aesthetic results in children with single suture craniosynostosis: proposal for a modified Whitaker classification
Authors: Messerer Mahmoud , Cottier Rachel , Vandenbulcke Alberto , Belouaer Amani , Daniel Roy T. , Broome Martin , Cossu Giulia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
Aesthetic assessment after surgery for non-syndromic single suture craniosynostosis (SSC) is crucial. Surgeons’ evaluation is generally based on Whitaker classification, while parental impression is generally neglected. The aim of this paper is to compare aesthetic perceptions of parents and surgeons after surgery for SSC, expressed by a 10-item questionnaire that complement Whitaker’s classification.

Methods
The authors submitted a 10-item questionnaire integrating Whitaker’s classification in order to evaluate the degree of satisfaction, the detailed aesthetics results and the need for surgical revision, to surgeons and parents of a consecutive series of patients operated for SSC between January 2007 and December 2018. The results were collected blindly.

Results
A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly were the two most frequent craniosynostosis. Parents and surgeons general aesthetics evaluation and average rating for Whitaker’s classification were 1.86 vs 1.67 (p = 0.69) and 1.19 vs 1.1 (p = 0.45) respectively. Parents’ evaluation for scar perception and alopecia (p < 0.00001), the presence of bony crest (0.002), bony bump (p < 0.00001), or other bone irregularities (p = 0.02) are significantly worse when compared to surgeons’ perception.

Conclusions
Parents seem to be more sensitive to the detection of some aesthetic anomalies and their opinion should not be neglected. The authors propose a modified Whitaker classification based on their results to better stratify the aesthetic outcome after surgery for SSC.
Effectiveness of implantable loop recorder and Holter electrocardiographic monitoring for the detection of arrhythmias in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hoevelmann Julian , Sliwa Karen , Briton Olivia , Ntsekhe Mpiko , Chin Ashley , Viljoen Charle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the exact underlying mechanisms of SCD in PPCM remain unknown. By means of extended electrocardiographic monitoring, we aimed to systematically characterize the burden of arrhythmias occurring in patients with newly diagnosed PPCM.

Methods and results
Twenty-five consecutive women with PPCM were included in this single-centre, prospective clinical trial and randomised to receiving either 24 h-Holter ECG monitoring followed by implantable loop recorder implantation (ILR; REVEAL XT, Medtronic®) or 24 h-Holter ECG monitoring alone. ILR + 24 h-Holter monitoring had a higher yield of arrhythmic events compared to 24 h-Holter monitoring alone (40% vs 6.7%, p = 0.041). Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) occurred in four patients (16%, in three patients detected by 24 h-Holter, and multiple episodes detected by ILR in one patient). One patient deceased from third-degree AV block with an escape rhythm that failed. All arrhythmic events occurred in patients with a severely impaired LV systolic function.

Conclusions
We found a high prevalence of potentially life-threatening arrhythmic events in patients with newly diagnosed PPCM. These included both brady- and tachyarrhythmias. Our results highlight the importance of extended electrocardiographic monitoring, especially in those with severely impaired LV systolic function. In this regard, ILR in addition to 24 h-Holter monitoring had a higher yield of VAs as compared to 24 h-Holter monitoring alone. In settings where WCDs are not readily available, ILR monitoring should be considered in patients with severely impaired LV systolic dysfunction, especially after uneventful 24 h-Holter monitoring.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202104866174807.

Graphical abstract
Extended electrocardiographic monitoring for the detection of arrhythmias in PPCM. (CHB, complete heart block/third degree AV block; ECG, electrocardiogram; ILR, implantable loop recorder; NSVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; PPCM, peripartum cardiomyopathy)