bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do moral disengagers experience guilt following workplace misconduct? Consequences for emotional exhaustion and task performance
Authors: Ogunfowora Babatunde , Nguyen Viet Quan , Lee Clara S. , Babalola Mayowa T. , Ren Shuang 
Published: October 2022

SummaryAccording to Bandura, moral disengagement facilitates misconduct by minimizing feelings of guilt that normally arise when one contemplates wrongdoing. While trait moral disengagement has been negatively associated with anticipatory guilt, scholars have yet to fully consider its impact on guilt post‐misconduct. In this paper, we examine the indirect effects of trait moral disengagement on post‐misconduct guilt, and downstream effects on employees' mental health and performance. Lastly, we explore the moderating role of post‐misconductstatemoral disengagement in shaping the effects of trait moral disengagement. Across three studies, we find that trait moral disengagement ispositivelylinked to guilt following interpersonal deviance, unethical work behavior, and objective cheating behavior. Further, trait moral disengagement is indirectly, positively linked to emotional exhaustion and negatively related to executive function (specifically, the capacity to inhibit distraction during tasks). In a fourth study, we find that trait moral disengagement is positively associated with guilt and subsequent emotional exhaustion when individuals employ little to no state moral disengagement immediately post‐misconduct. In contrast, trait moral disengagement is negatively linked to guilt and emotional exhaustion when individuals employ state moral disengagement post‐misconduct. We discuss the implications of these findings for advancing moral disengagement theory and research.
Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care: clinical characteristics of patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Strain Madisyn , Boehmer Kaci , Usery Justin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundInhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with a variety of unfavourable effects, including increased risk of pneumonia, and is only recommended if specific characteristics are present to ensure patients derive the most benefit.AimThe primary objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients prescribed ICS therapy for COPD management in two primary care clinics at an academic medical centre. The secondary objectives were to examine provider assessment and barriers to prescribing patterns concordant with guidelines in the ambulatory care setting.MethodA retrospective 24‐month study at two primary care clinics was undertaken at an academic medical centre in Arkansas, United States and focused on adult patients who were prescribed ICS maintenance therapy. Individuals within each clinic were identified by Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) codes indicative of COPD from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. Spirometry was also required to confirm diagnosis.ResultsOf the 189 unique patients identified, 100 were eligible for review of clinical characteristics. All patients received ICS therapy in combination with a long‐acting beta agonist (LABA) with 55% of patients also receiving a long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). Furthermore, 32% of patients visited the emergency department or were hospitalised for a COPD exacerbation within the previous year. Approximately 47% and 36% of patients had a history of pneumonia and an eosinophil count <100 cells/mcL respectively. Barriers to guideline adherence were identified through open discussion with providers within each clinic, which included a lack of readily available resources in the clinic setting, suboptimal recognition of clinical tools within the electronic medical record and alternative guideline preferences.ConclusionA small portion of patients evaluated in the study were discovered to have clinical characteristics suggestive of strong ICS benefit as these therapies either lacked efficacy due to low blood eosinophil count or exacerbation rate (80% and 68% respectively), or increased the risk for harm in this population secondary to previous pneumonia diagnosis (47%).
Association of Genre of Singing and Phonotraumatic Vocal Fold Lesions in Singers
Authors: Childs Lesley F. , D'Oto Alexandra , Beams Dylan R. , Hynan Linda , Mau Ted 
Published: October 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if (1) the likelihood of presenting with phonotraumatic lesions differs by singing genre in treatment‐seeking singers and (2) if the distribution of phonotraumatic lesion types differs by singing genre.Study TypeRetrospective.MethodsRecords of singers who presented with a voice complaint over the course of 2.5 years (June 2017–December 2019) were reviewed to determine the proportion of those with phonotraumatic lesions as a function of genre (Study 1). Separately, the lesion types and genres of singers diagnosed with phonotraumatic lesions over a 9‐year period (July 2011–March 2020) were determined (Study 2).ResultsIn Study 1, 191 of 712 (26.8%) dysphonic singers were diagnosed with phonotraumatic lesions. Country/folk, gospel/jazz, and musical theater singers were more likely to present with phonotraumatic lesions. In Study 2, in 443 singers with phonotraumatic lesions, polyps and pseudocysts, but not nodules, were found to be distributed unequally across genres (χ2 p = 0.006, p < 0.0001, p = 0.064, respectively). Praise/worship singers had significantly higher proportions of polyps compared to choral singers (OR 4.8 [95% CI 1.9–12.5]) or compared to musical theater singers (OR 7.2 [95% CI 2.5–20.8]). Opera singers had significantly higher proportions of pseudocysts than choral singers (OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.5–6.1]) or musical theater singers (OR 3.7 [95% CI 1.8–7.6]).ConclusionsThe higher incidence of polyps in praise/worship singers likely reflects the more emphatic nature of singing and the tendency for acute injury. The higher incidence of pseudocysts in opera singers may reflect a more chronic nature of injury.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1683–1689, 2023
Perioperative Hypercoagulability in Free Flap Reconstructions Performed for Intracranial Tumors
Authors: Lilly Gabriela L. , Sweeny Larissa , Santucci Nicole , Cannady Steven , Frost Ariel , Anagnos Vincent , Curry Joseph , Sagalow Emily , Freeman Cecilia , Puram Sidharth V , Pipkorn Patrik , Slijepcevic Allison , Fuson Andrew , Bonaventure Caroline , Wax Mark K. 
Published: October 2022

Objective(s)Patients with intracranial tumors have a higher risk of thromboembolic events. This risk increases at the time of surgical intervention. We have noted an anecdotal increase in perioperative flap thrombosis in patients undergoing free tissue transfer for intracranial tumor resection. This study aims to formally evaluate this risk.MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent free tissue transfer for scalp/cranial reconstruction. Perioperative thrombosis and free flap outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe 209 patients who underwent 246 free tissue transfers were included in the study. The 28 free flap scalp reconstructions were associated with intracranial tumors, 19 were performed following composite cranial resections with associated dural resection/reconstruction, and 199 were performed in the absence of intracranial tumors (control group). There was a significantly higher incidence of perioperative flap thrombosis in the intracranial tumor group (11/28, 39%) when compared to controls (38/199, 19%) (p = 0.0287). This was not seen when scalp tumors extended to the dura alone (4/19, 21%, p = 0.83). Therapeutic anticoagulation used for perioperative thrombosis (defined as intraoperative or in the immediate postoperative phase up to 5 days) was associated with a lower risk of flap failure, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.148). Flap survival rates were equivalent between flaps performed for intracranial pathology (93.3%) and controls (95%).ConclusionThere is an increase in perioperative flap thrombosis in patients with intracranial tumors undergoing free tissue scalp reconstruction. Anticoagulation appears to mitigate this risk.Level of EvidenceThis recommendation is based on level 3 evidence (retrospective case–control studies, systematic review of retrospective studies, and case reports) Laryngoscope, 133:1103–1109, 2023
Correlation of Esophageal Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance With Markers of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Kurylo Christopher M. , Eastwood Daniel , Blumin Joel H. , Johnston Nikki , Bock Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesMean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) is a measure of the esophageal epithelial barrier function calculated via high‐resolution impedance manometry and can be used as a diagnostic tool and treatment response predictor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, its utility for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been minimally studied. We aimed to investigate the relationship of MNBI between patients with suspected LPR, healthy controls, and their 24‐h multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) study results.MethodsRetrospective patient series analysis was performed of patients with suspected LPR and healthy controls who underwent 24‐h MII‐pH monitoring. MNBI values were calculated from impedance channels at the level of the hypopharynx, proximal esophagus, and distal esophagus. We compared these MNBI values between the subject groups with secondary analysis on MII‐pH results, reflux symptom index, reflux findings score, DeMeester score, and salivary pepsin levels.ResultsTwenty‐three patients with suspected LPR and 14 healthy controls were enrolled. Decreased distal esophageal MNBI was found to be significantly decreased in patients with suspected LPR compared with healthy controls (p < 0.01) and in subjects with positive MII‐pH studies compared to negative MII‐pH studies (p < 0.01). There were no significant correlations of MNBI at the hypopharynx or proximal esophagus.ConclusionDistal esophageal MNBI has significant correlations with many phenotypic and biological markers of LPR. These findings indicate that MNBI has the potential to be applied to LPR, similar to its emerging use as a diagnostic tool and treatment response predictor for GERD.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1927–1932, 2023
GC–MS analysis of oxysterols and their formation in cultivated liver cells (HepG2)
Authors: Koch Elisabeth , Bagci Mustafa , Kuhn Michael , Hartung Nicole M. , Mainka Malwina , Rund Katharina M. , Schebb Nils Helge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxysterols play a key role in many (patho)physiological processes and they are potential biomarkers for oxidative stress in several diseases. Here we developed a rapid gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometry‐based method for the separation and quantification of 11 biologically relevant oxysterols bearing hydroxy, epoxy, and dihydroxy groups. Efficient chromatographic separation (resolution ≥ 1.9) was achieved using a medium polarity 35%‐diphenyl/65%‐dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase material (30 m × 0.25 mm inner diameter and 0.25 μm film thickness). Based on thorough analysis of the fragmentation during electron ionization we developed a strategy to deduce structural information of the oxysterols. Optimized sample preparation includes (i) extraction with a mixture of n‐hexane/iso‐propanol, (ii) removal of cholesterol by solid phase extraction with unmodified silica, and (iii) trimethylsilylation. The method was successfully applied on the analysis of brain samples, showing consistent results with previous studies and a good intra‐ and interday precision of ≤20%. Finally, we used the method for the investigation of oxysterol formation during oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Incubation with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide led to a massive increase in free radical formed oxysterols (7‐keto‐chol > 7β‐OH‐chol >> 7α‐OH‐chol), while 24 h incubation with the glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 showed no increase in oxidative stress based on the oxysterol pattern. Overall, the new method described here enables the robust analysis of a biologically meaningful pattern of oxysterols with high sensitivity and precision allowing us to gain new insights in the biological formation and role of oxysterols.
A good reason to buy: Justification drives the effect of advertising frames on impulsive socially responsible buying
Authors: Moes Anne , Fransen Marieke , Verhagen Tibert , Fennis Bob 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToday, consumers expect companies to be socially responsible. However, the literature is undecided about the effects of communicating one's corporate social responsibility activities to consumers. This raises the question of how sustainability‐driven companies can best advertise their products to stimulate ethical consumption: using self‐benefit frames, where the main beneficiary is the consumer, or using other‐benefit frames, where the main beneficiary is a third party. Using three experiments, this study examines the effect of other‐benefit (vs. self‐benefit) advertising frames on consumers' impulse purchases from sustainability‐driven companies. Increasing impulse purchases can help such companies to strengthen their competitive positions. Additionally, it is studied to what extent two types of justification (moral versus deservingness) explain the proposed effect of advertising frames. The results show that only other‐benefit frames affect impulse buying behavior, both directly, as mediated by moral justification. This study's insights may help sustainability‐driven companies to decide on their advertising strategies by providing evidence that other‐benefit‐framed advertisements are more effective in enhancing impulse purchases than self‐benefit‐framed advertisements.
Diagnostic Performance of Putaminal Hypointensity on Susceptibility MRI in Distinguishing Parkinson Disease from Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mao Zhijuan , Yu Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have similar clinical signs and symptoms, making accurate clinical diagnosis difficult. T2* gradient echo (T2* GRE), susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) are susceptibility MR imaging sequences that provide more information about brain iron levels than other conventional MR imaging.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic power of putaminal hypointensity on T2* GRE, SWI, and QSM in distinguishing PSP from IPD.MethodsEligible studies were identified via systematic searches of PubMed and Clarivate Analytics® Web of Science® Core Collection. Studies that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed. A meta‐analysis was conducted using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve approach.ResultsOur literature search of the two databases yielded 562 primary articles, 10 of which were deemed relevant and only six were eligible for further analyses. We performed a meta‐analysis of putaminal hypointensity measurements: 438 patients with IPD and 109 patients with PSP were enrolled in the quantitative synthesis. The meta‐analysis of six studies with 547 patients revealed a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33%–90%) and specificity of 91% (95% CI: 80%–96%) for putaminal hypointensity on T2* GRE, SWI, or QSM distinguishing PSP from IPD.ConclusionsPutaminal hypointensity on T2* GRE, SWI, or QSM is able to distinguish patients with PSP from those with IPD with high specificity. Further multicenter prospective studies on patients are needed to verify our results.
Artificial intelligence adoption in a monopoly market
Authors: Gans Joshua S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) prediction of demand by a monopolist firm is examined. It is shown that, in the absence of AI prediction, firms face complex trade‐offs in setting price and quantity ahead of demand that impact on the returns of AI adoption. Different industrial environments with differing flexibility of prices and/or quantity ex post also impact on AI returns as does the time horizon of AI prediction. While AI has positive benefits for firms in terms of profitability, its impact on average price and quantity, as well as consumer welfare, is more nuanced and critically dependent on environmental characteristics.
Application of time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) for study of the distillation curve of petroleum
Authors: Montes Luciana F. , Morgan Vinícius G. , Kock Flávio V. C. , Castro Eustáquio V. R. , Barbosa Lúcio L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCrude oil distillates are a highly useful industrial product, mainly for energy generation. Unfortunately, they are rarely studied, mainly due to the low accessibility to products directly obtained from the distillation process, which is a laborious, expensive, and time‐consuming operation. This work presents and discusses the use of time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) as a simple, affordable, and straightforward tool for the development of correlations supported on the transverse relaxation time (T2) and boiling temperature. The results point out a high convergence between TD‐NMR experimental data and the ASTM D2892 method for distillates from light, medium, and heavy oils, with up to 52.20% of accumulated mass and boiling point temperature (Tb) up to 400°C. Furthermore, an unprecedented relationship between T2 values and the accumulated mass of the distillates is first demonstrated. This new insight opens new perspectives for future prediction of accumulated mass for unknown crude oils, placing the TD‐NMR relaxometry as an appeal spectroscopy approach with a potential to meaningfully contribute to the daily refining petrochemical industry field operations.
High‐resolution dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging using higher‐order temporal smoothness regularization
Authors: Velikina Julia V. , Jung Youngkyoo , Field Aaron S. , Samsonov Alexey A. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo improve image quality and resolution of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion weighted imaging (DSC‐PWI) by developing acquisition and reconstruction methods exploiting the temporal regularity property of DSC‐PWI signal.Theory and MethodsA novel regularized reconstruction is proposed that recovers DSC‐PWI series from interleaved segmented spiralk‐space acquisition using higher order temporal smoothness (HOTS) properties of the DSC‐PWI signal. The HOTS regularization is designed to tackle representational insufficiency of the standard first‐order temporal regularizations for supporting higher accelerations. The higher accelerations allow fork‐space coverage with shorter spiral interleaves resulting in improved acquisition point spread function, and acquisition of images at multiple TEs for more accurate DSC‐PWI analysis.ResultsThe methods were evaluated in simulated and in‐vivo studies. HOTS regularization provided increasingly more accurate models for DSC‐PWI than the standard first‐order methods with either quadratic or robust norms at the expense of increased noise. HOTS DSC‐PWI optimized for noise and accuracy demonstrated significant advantages over both spiral DSC‐PWI without temporal regularization and traditional echo‐planar DSC‐PWI, improving resolution and mitigating image artifacts associated with long readout, including blurring and geometric distortions. In context of multi‐echo DSC‐PWI, the novel methods allowed ∼4.3× decrease of voxel volume, providing 2× number of TEs compared to the previously published results.ConclusionsProposed HOTS reconstruction combined with dynamic spiral sampling represents a valid mechanism for improving image quality and resolution of DSC‐PWI significantly beyond those available with established fast imaging techniques.
An interventional MRI guidewire combining profile and tip conspicuity for catheterization at 0.55T
Authors: Yildirim Dursun Korel , Uzun Dogangun , Bruce Christopher G. , Khan Jaffar M. , Rogers Toby , Schenke William H. , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne , Herzka Daniel A. , Lederman Robert J. , Kocaturk Ozgur 
Published: October 2022

PurposeWe describe a clinical grade, “active”, monopole antenna‐based metallic guidewire that has a continuous shaft‐to‐tip image profile, a pre‐shaped tip‐curve, standard 0.89 mm (0.035″) outer diameter, and a detachable connector for catheter exchange during cardiovascular catheterization at 0.55T.MethodsElectromagnetic simulations were performed to characterize the magnetic field around the antenna whip for continuous tip visibility. The active guidewire was manufactured using medical grade materials in an ISO Class 7 cleanroom. RF‐induced heating of the active guidewire prototype was tested in one gel phantom per ASTM 2182‐19a, alone and in tandem with clinical metal‐braided catheters. Real‐time MRI visibility was tested in one gel phantom and in‐vivo in two swine. Mechanical performance was compared with commercial equivalents.ResultsThe active guidewire provided continuous “profile” shaft and tip visibility in‐vitro and in‐vivo, analogous to guidewire shaft‐and‐tip profiles under X‐ray. The MRI signal signature matched simulation results. Maximum unscaled RF‐induced temperature rise was 5.2°C and 6.5°C (3.47 W/kg local background specific absorption rate), alone and in tandem with a steel‐braided catheter, respectively. Mechanical characteristics matched commercial comparator guidewires.ConclusionThe active guidewire was clearly visible via real‐time MRI at 0.55T and exhibits a favorable geometric sensitivity profile depicting the guidewire continuously from shaft‐to‐tip including a unique curved‐tip signature. RF‐induced heating is clinically acceptable. This design allows safe device navigation through luminal structures and heart chambers. The detachable connector allows delivery and exchange of cardiovascular catheters while maintaining guidewire position. This enhanced guidewire design affords the expected performance of X‐ray guidewires during human MRI catheterization.
Tuned bipolar oscillating gradients for mapping frequency dispersion of diffusion kurtosis in the human brain
Authors: Borsos Kevin B. , Tse Desmond H. Y. , Dubovan Paul I. , Baron Corey A. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeOscillating gradient spin‐echo (OGSE) sequences have demonstrated an ability to probe time‐dependent microstructural features, although they often suffer from low SNR due to increased TEs. In this work we introduce frequency‐tuned bipolar (FTB) gradients as a variation of oscillating gradients with reduced TE and demonstrate their utility by mapping the frequency dispersion of kurtosis in human subjects.MethodsAn FTB oscillating gradient waveform is presented that provides encoding of 1.5 net oscillation periods, thereby reducing the TE of the acquisition. Simulations were performed to determine an optimal protocol based on the SNR of kurtosis frequency dispersion—defined as the difference in kurtosis between pulsed and oscillating gradient acquisitions. Healthy human subjects were scanned at 7T using pulsed gradient and an optimized 23 Hz FTB protocol, which featured a maximum b‐value of 2500 s/mm2. In addition, to directly compare existing methods, measurements using traditional cosine OGSE were also acquired.ResultsFTB oscillating gradients demonstrated equivalent frequency‐dependent diffusion measurements compared with cosine‐modulated OGSE while enabling a significant reduction in TE. Optimization and in vivo results suggest that FTB gradients provide increased SNR of kurtosis dispersion maps compared with traditional cosine OGSE. The optimized FTB gradient protocol demonstrated consistent reductions in apparent kurtosis values and increased diffusivity in generated frequency dispersion maps.ConclusionsThis work presents an alternative to traditional cosine OGSE sequences, enabling more time‐efficient acquisitions of frequency‐dependent diffusion quantities as demonstrated through in vivo kurtosis frequency dispersion maps.