bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-chromosomale Hypophosphatämie (XLH)/Phosphatdiabetes – Eine lebenslange Erkrankung
Authors: Raimann Adalbert , Kocijan Roland , Mindler Gabriel T. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie X‑chromosomale Hypophosphatämie (X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, XLH, OMIM # 307800) ist eine seltene Erkrankung des Knochenstoffwechsels, die mit einem ausgeprägten Phosphatverlust und oftmals schwerer Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität einhergeht. Durch einen bislang noch ungeklärten Pathomechanismus kommt es durch Mutationen in der Endopeptidase PHEX zu einer vermehrten Produktion von Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23). Dieser Hauptregulator des Phosphathaushalts verursacht eine pathologisch erhöhte renale Phosphatausscheidung sowie eine Verminderung der Vitamin-D-Aktivierung. Im Kindes- und Jugendalter zählen Rachitis, Wachstumsstörungen sowie mitunter schwere Beindeformitäten zu den Leitsymptomen. Im Erwachsenenalter kommen neben Beinfehlstellungen frühzeitige Gelenksabnutzungen, Weichteilkalzifikationen, Sehnenansatzentzündungen (Enthesitis) sowie Mineralisationsstörungen des Knochens („Pseudofrakturen“), welche die Lebensqualität erheblich beeinträchtigen können, hinzu. Durch das breite Spektrum der Symptome, die bis zu neurochirurgischen Komplikationen wie Syringomyelie und Chiari-Malformationen führen, ist die frühe Diagnose und Anbindung in einem multidisziplinären Setting für die Betreuung der PatientInnen essenziell.Die orale Gabe von Phosphatsalzen und aktiven Vitamin-D-Derivaten stellte bis vor Kurzem die wichtigste pharmakologische Behandlungsoption dar, die vor allem bei frühem Beginn zu einer Abschwächung der Symptomatik führen konnte. Seit der Zulassung von Burosumab, einem Antikörper gegen FGF23, steht für die Behandlung von Kindern und adulten PatientInnen mit XLH eine in den Pathomechanismus eingreifende, therapeutische Option zur Verfügung.
Zusammenhang von Belastungen der Lehrpersonen und Eltern mit reaktiver und proaktiver Aggression der Kinder: Bedeutung von Emotionsregulation und kooperativem Verhalten
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus P. , Rösti Ilona , Prieth Vanessa , Bölsterli Janine , Zavery Alafia 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungEmotionsregulation und kooperatives Verhalten in belastenden Situationen spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Erklärung von proaktiver und reaktiver Aggression der Kinder. Wie sehr erklären die Emotionsregulation und das kooperative Verhalten den Effekt von Belastungen der Eltern bzw. Lehrpersonen auf die reaktive und proaktive Aggression der Kinder? Ausgewertet wurden querschnittliche Fragebogendaten von Eltern und Lehrpersonen, die N = 158 Kinder mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten in Kindergarten und Primarstufe einschätzten. Strukturgleichungsmodelle zeigen, dass die Belastung der Eltern bzw. Lehrpersonen mit der Emotionsregulation und dem kooperativen Verhalten indirekt mit der reaktiven und proaktiven Aggression zusammenhängt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Bedeutsamkeit einer frühzeitigen Förderung der Emotionsregulation und des kooperativen Verhaltens.
Design of a renewable hydroxyapatite-biocarbon composite for the removal of uranium(VI) with high-efficiency adsorption performance
Authors: Liao Jun , Xiong Ting , Ding Ling , Xie Ying , Zhang Yong , Zhu Wenkun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hydroxyapatite-loaded swine manure derived-biocarbon was successfully prepared by pyrolysis method for the adsorption of uranium(VI). The results of the adsorption experiments displayed that the adsorption behaviors for uranium(VI) of biocarbon did almost not depend on the interfering ions except Al3+, Ca2+ and CO32−, showing the high selectivity of the composites for uranium(VI). The maximum static and dynamic removal capacity of the hydroxyapatite-biocarbon composites to uranium(VI) were 834.8 and 782.8 mg/g (pH = 3, m/V = 0.1 g/L and T = 298 K), far exceeding other reported biocarbon and hydroxyapatite materials, which indicated that the hydroxyapatite-biocarbon composites possessed an application potential in adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption–desorption processes, the removal efficiency of the hydroxyapatite-biocarbon composite for uranium(VI) was 93.2% (Ci = 5 mg/L, pH = 3, m/V = 0.1 g/L and T = 298 K), revealing that the composite had excellent stability and reusability. Moreover, the capture mechanisms of the hydroxyapatite-biocarbon composite for uranium(VI) included ion exchange and complexation, which was ascribed to the ample active adsorption sites (–OH and PO43−). Therefore, the hydroxyapatite-loaded swine manure derived-biocarbon would be a potential material to effectually separate uranium(VI) from solution.
Graphical abstract
Removal performance, mechanisms, and influencing factors of biochar for air pollutants: a critical review
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Wang Bing , Theng Benny K. G. , Lee Xinqing , Zhang Xueyang , Chen Miao , Xu Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe emission of air pollutants from various industries is a major contributor to environmental pollution. The removal of these pollutants before they are discharged into the environment has become an important means of controlling air pollution. Biochar has attracted increasing attention because of its low cost, high porosity, large specific surface area, abundant surface functional groups, and high removal capacity. The physicochemical properties of biochar are greatly affected by feedstock types, preparation, and modification conditions. For this reason, the capacity and propensity of biochar for removing air pollutants are rather variable. To understand the existing research status and grasp the latest research progress, a systematic review on the removal of different air pollutants by biochar is highly needed. Based on the recent research, this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the preparation and modification methods of biochar commonly used for the removal of six air pollutants (SO2, H2S, CO2, Hg0, VOCs, and NH3), as well as the removal performance and mechanisms. Then, the potential influencing factors (preparation parameters, physicochemical characteristics of biochar, and removal conditions) are discussed. Finally, the regeneration of biochar, suggestions, and future perspectives are proposed.
Graphical Abstract
Power metallization degradation monitoring on power MOSFETs by means of concurrent degradation processes
Authors: De Gasperi Sergio , Nelhiebel Michael , Haerle Dieter , Baschirotto Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn on-chip solution for health monitoring of semiconductor power switches subjected to thermo-mechanical metal fatigue degradation is proposed. The fatigue detection relies on the correlation between the progress of the main failure mechanism, which is critical to the functionality of the device, and a parallel degradation of a non-critical sensing structure using a different mechanism. Both mechanisms are driven by the same cyclic thermo-mechanical load. This study specifically develops a sensing structure for detecting power metallization aging through electrically detectable ratcheting behavior in the routing metal layer underneath. Experiments have been carried out on a dedicated test structure with electrical sensing of the health monitoring structure. Meanwhile, the main degradation progress was observed via scanning electron microscopy in regular intervals. Results show that the proposed approach will reliably work only for detecting degradation driven by repeated high overload events.
Eosinophile Ösophagitis – Update 2022
Authors: Schoepfer Alain M. , Straumann Alex , Safroneeva Ekaterina 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie eosinophile Ösophagitis (EoE) wurde erstmals Anfang der 1990er-Jahre beschrieben und hat sich von einer initial seltenen Entität zu einer zunehmend häufigen Erkrankung entwickelt. Aktuell ist etwa einer auf 3000 Einwohner von einer EoE betroffen. Die Diagnose beruht auf folgenden drei Kriterien: 1) der Präsenz von Symptomen ösophagealer Dysfunktion (bei Erwachsenen meist Dysphagie); 2) dem Nachweis von mindestens 15 eosinophilen Granulozyten pro Gesichtsfeld unter dem Mikroskop (bei 400facher Vergrösserung); 3) dem Ausschluss anderer Erkrankungen, welche mit einer ösophagealen Eosinophilie assoziiert sein können. Pathogenetisch liegen der EoE Allergien gegen verschiedene Speisen oder selten auch gegen Aeroallergene zugrunde. Oftmals ist eine EoE mit anderen atopischen Manifestationen wie Asthma, Rhinokonjunktivitis oder Neurodermitis assoziiert. Unbehandelt führt eine EoE im Grossteil der Patienten zu ösophagealen Strikturen, welche das Hauptrisiko darstellen für komplette Speiseimpaktationen, welche in der Folge endoskopisch entfernt werden müssen. Speiseimpaktationen sollen wann immer möglich vermieden werden, da sie zu ösophagealen Perforationen und Aspirationen führen können. Als Therapieoptionen stehen im Ösophagus wirksame topische Steroide zur Verfügung, ferner Protonenpumpenhemmer („off label“), verschiedene Eliminationsdiäten sowie die ösophageale Dilatation im Falle von Stenosen. Für Patienten, welche unzureichend auf die Standardtherapien ansprechen, sind aktuell verschiedene biologische Therapien (monoklonale Antikörper) in Evaluation.
Vulnerability to climate variability of productive livelihoods in the Talgua watershed, Honduras.
Authors: Reyes Sandoval José Trinidad , Serrano Rodríguez Annery 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research aims to analyze the vulnerability of productive agricultural livelihoods to the effects of climate variability in the Talgua watershed, Honduras. Information was collected through surveys and interviews with small producers and community leaders. A factor analysis (KMO test value 0.721; Bartlett’s test of sphericity (P > 0.000) was conducted to identify the relevant variables describing productive livelihoods, and vulnerability was analyzed according to the perception of small producers in the area. Coffee, corn and bean crops are the primary productive livelihoods in the area. Smallholders perceive exposure to climatic threats, such as rising temperature trends, rainfall fluctuations, and extreme events affecting crops and reducing yields. Climate adversities are dealt with through soil conservation techniques, planting season management and water harvesting. The predominant productive livelihoods are vulnerable to climate variability, which requires establishing an adaptation strategy with actions and alternatives that allow these families to cope with climate adversities.
Prevalence and Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in the Population of St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Parshina Ekaterina V. , Zulkarnaev Alexey B. , Tolkach Alexey D. , Ivanov Andrey V. , Kislyy Pavel N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of seropositive status for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG; its dynamics in connection with restrictive measures during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic; and the quantitative dynamics of antibody levels in the population of St. Petersburg, Russia.

Methods
From May to November 2020, a retrospective analysis of Saint Petersburg State University Hospital laboratory database was performed. The database included 158,283 test results of 87,067 patients for SARS-CoV-2 detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG. The dynamics of antibody level was assessed using R v.3.6.3.

Results
The introduction of a universal lockdown was effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. The proportion of seropositive patients gradually decreased; approximately 50% of these patients remained seropositive for IgM after 3–4 weeks; for IgG, by follow-up week 22; and for IgA, by week 12. The maximum decrease in IgG and IgA was observed 3–4 months and 2 months after the detection of the seropositive status, respectively.

Conclusions
The epidemiological study of post-infection immunity to COVID-19 demonstrates significant differences in the dynamics of IgA, IgM, and IgG seropositivity and in PCR test results over time, which is linked to the introduction of restrictive measures. Both the proportion of seropositive patients and the level of all antibodies decreased in terms of the dynamics, and only approximately half of these patients remained IgG-positive 6 months post-infection.
Conservation education in Aotearoa-New Zealand: a values perspective
Authors: Birdsall Sally , Kelly Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThroughout the world, Aotearoa-New Zealand is recognised for its extraordinary biodiversity. However, many species that make up this distinctive biodiversity are under threat of extinction due to human impacts, such as the ill-considered introduction of particular animals. Many New Zealanders participate in the protection and restoration of their environment, which involves the lethal control of these introduced animals. Primary school children (5–13 years old) engage in conservation education as part of their learning, which aims to develop their abilities to take informed action to protect and restore our environment, sometimes including lethal control of introduced animals. Recently, concerns have been raised that children learning about the lethal control of introduced animals does not align with the values that should be explored and encouraged according to Aotearoa-New Zealand’s national curriculum. We argue that conservation education, including learning about the lethal control of introduced animals, encourages children to explore and encourage these values, namely valuing the diversity in their heritages, ecological sustainability, participation for the common good, equity, innovation, and respect for others.
Recent Advances in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Mackenzie Ian R. A. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT:Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition for which there is currently no effective treatment. Although it is much less common than Alzheimer’s disease, the impact of FTD is increased by its relatively early onset and high heritability. Clinical heterogeneity and overlap with other neurodegenerative and psychiatric syndromes complicate diagnosis. However, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of FTD provide a foundation for the development of much-needed biomarkers and targeted therapies. This review provides a summary of the recently revised clinical criteria for FTD, highlights diagnostic challenges, briefly summarizes recent molecular discoveries and then focuses on promising developments in biomarkers and clinical trials.
Pediatric-Specific Hazard Vulnerability Analysis: The Missing Component of Regional and Hospital-Based Preparedness
Authors: Kappy Brandon , Parish April , Barda Amie , Frost Pat , Timm Nathan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThough children comprise a large percentage of the population and are uniquely vulnerable to disasters, pediatric considerations are often omitted from regional and hospital-based emergency preparedness. Children’s absence is particularly notable in hazard vulnerability analyses (HVAs), a commonly used tool that allows emergency managers to identify a hazard’s impact, probability of occurrence, and previous mitigation efforts. This paper introduces a new pediatric-specific HVA that provides emergency managers with a quantifiable means to determine how a hazard might affect children within a given region, taking into account existing preparedness most relevant to children’s safety. Impact and preparedness categories within the pediatric-specific HVA incorporate age-based equipment and care needs, long-term developmental and mental health consequences, and the hospital and community functions most necessary for supporting children during disasters. The HVA allows emergency managers to create a more comprehensive assessment of their pediatric populations and preparatory requirements.
Effect of maternal nutrition education on early initiation and exclusive breast-feeding practices in south Ethiopia: a cluster randomised control trial
Authors: Admasu Jatani , Egata Gudina , Bassore Dereje Getahun , Feleke Fentaw Wassie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Optimal breast-feeding practices make a major contribution to the promotion of healthy growth and development through much prevention of diarrheal and respiratory diseases which majorly cause morbidity and mortality in under-five children. However, breast-feeding practices remain suboptimality in Ethiopia. Objective: The study objective was to determine the effect of maternal nutrition education on early initiation and exclusive breast-feeding practice in the Hawela Tulla sub-city. Methods: A cluster randomised, parallel-group, single-blinded trial was used. About 310 pregnant women (155 for the intervention group and 155 for the control group) were included. Result: An early initiation of breast-feeding was significantly higher among women who received breast-feeding education than those who did not receive (104(72·7 %) v. 85(59·9 %), P = 0·022) and exclusive breast-feeding practice was also significantly higher among women who received breast-feeding education than those who did not receive (106(74·1 %) v. 86(60·6 %), P = 0·015). Breast-feeding education [AORs 1·55, 95 % CI (1·02, 2·36)], institutional delivery [AOR 2·29, 95 % CI (1·21, 4·35)], vaginal delivery [AOR 2·85, 95 % CI (1·61, 5·41)] and pre-lacteal feeding [AOR 0·47, 95 % CI (0·25, 0·85)] were predictors of early initiation of breast-feeding. Breast-feeding education [AOR 1·72, 95 % CI (1·12, 2·64)] and institutional delivery [AOR 2·36, 95 % CI (1·28, 4·33)] were also determinants of exclusive breast-feeding practices. Conclusion: Breast-feeding education improved early initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding practices. Providing sustained education to women regarding early initiation and exclusive breast-feeding practice should be strengthened.
In situ, broadband measurement of the radio frequency attenuation length at Summit Station, Greenland
Authors: Aguilar J. A. , Allison P. , Beatty J. J. , Besson D. , Bishop A. , Botner O. , Bouma S. , Buitink S. , Cataldo M. , Clark B. A. , Curtis-Ginsberg Z. , Connolly A. , Dasgupta P. , de Kockere S. , de Vries K. D. , Deaconu C. , DuVernois M. A. , Glaser C. , Hallgren A. , Hallmann S. , Hanson J. C. , Hendricks B. , Hornhuber C. , Hughes K. , Karle A. , Kelley J. L. , Kravchenko I. , Krebs R. , Lahmann R. , Latif U. , Mammo J. , Meyers Z. S. , Michaels K. , Mulrey K. , Nelles A. , Novikov A. , Nozdrina A. , Oberla E. , Oeyen B. , Pan Y. , Pandya H. , Plaisier I. , Punsuebsay N. , Pyras L. , Ryckbosch D. , Scholten O. , Seckel D. , Seikh M. F. H. , Smith D. , Southall D. , Torres J. , Toscano S. , Tosi D. , Van Den Broeck D. J. , van Eijndhoven N. , Vieregg A. G. , Welling C. , Williams D. R. , Wissel S. , Young R. , Zink A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the last 25 years, radiowave detection of neutrino-generated signals, using cold polar ice as the neutrino target, has emerged as perhaps the most promising technique for detection of extragalactic ultra-high energy neutrinos (corresponding to neutrino energies in excess of 0.01 Joules, or 1017 electron volts). During the summer of 2021 and in tandem with the initial deployment of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G), we conducted radioglaciological measurements at Summit Station, Greenland to refine our understanding of the ice target. We report the result of one such measurement, the radio-frequency electric field attenuation length $L_\alpha$. We find an approximately linear dependence of $L_\alpha$ on frequency with the best fit of the average field attenuation for the upper 1500 m of ice: $\langle L_\alpha \rangle = ( ( 1154 \pm 121) - ( 0.81 \pm 0.14) \, ( \nu /{\rm MHz}) ) \,{\rm m}$ for frequencies ν ∈ [145 − 350] MHz.
Rules for Party Subsidies and Electoral Volatility in Latin America
Authors: Su Yen-Pin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrior research has argued that public subsidies for parties matter for explaining electoral volatility, but the empirical results have been inconclusive. This article addresses this puzzle by examining how different rules for direct state funding affect different types of electoral volatility, using data from lower chamber elections in eighteen Latin American countries from 1978 through 2014. Focusing on volatility caused by new party entry and old party exit (party replacement volatility) and volatility caused by vote switching among existing parties (stable party volatility), it finds that countries with less strict eligibility thresholds for party subsidies tend to have lower levels of party replacement volatility. However, the empirical analysis does not provide sufficient evidence that the eligibility thresholds for party subsidies matter for predicting stable party volatility. Overall, this article suggests that less strict eligibility thresholds for party subsidies help produce stable party systems by reducing risks associated with party replacement volatility.
Animal Culture and Animal Welfare
Authors: Fitzpatrick Simon , Andrews Kristin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFollowing recent arguments that cultural practices in wild animal populations have important conservation implications, we argue that recognizing captive animals as cultural has important welfare implications. Having a culture is of deep importance for cultural animals, wherever they live. Without understanding the cultural capacities of captive animals, we will be left with a deeply impoverished view of what they need to flourish. Best practices for welfare should therefore require concern for animals’ cultural needs, but the relationship between culture and welfare is also extremely complex, requiring us to rethink standard assumptions about what constitutes and contributes to welfare.
Responsible Dissemination in Sexual Orientation Research: The Case of the AI “Gaydar”
Authors: De Block Andreas , Conix Stijn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA recent controversy about neural networks allegedly capable of detecting a person’s sexual orientation raises the question of whether all research on homosexuality should be permitted. This paper considers two arguments for limits to such research, and concludes that there are good reasons to limit at least the dissemination of applied research on the etiology of homosexuality. The paper then briefly sketches how this could work, and looks at three objections against these limitations.