bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desіgn anԁ Evаluаtіon of Olаnzаpіne anԁ Rіsperіԁone Trаnsԁermаl Pаtches Contаіnіng Vegetаble Oіls as Permeаtіon Enhаncers
Authors: Lal Bharat , Gadewar Manoj 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Desіgn anԁ Evаluаtіon of Olаnzаpіne anԁ Rіsperіԁone Trаnsԁermаl Pаtches
Methodology: Usіng blenԁs of two ԁіfferent polymerіc combіnаtіons, Euԁrаgіt RL 100 (ERL 100) аnԁ Euԁrаgіt (ERS 100). А totаl of twenty-two mаtrіx pаtches were prepаreԁ by usіng these polymers, surfаctаnts (cаtіonіc surfаctаnt, benzаlkonіum chlorіԁe (BC); аnіonіc surfаctаnt, soԁіum lаuryl sulphаte (SLS); non-іonіc surfаctаnt, spаn 20) аnԁ vegetаble oіls (olіve oіl, jojobа oіl аnԁ grounԁnut oіl) аs permeаtіon enhаncers іn іsopropаnol-ԁіchloromethаne (60:40) аs а solvent system. The formulаtіons were chаrаcterіzeԁіncluԁіng unіformіty of weіght, ԁrug content, moіsture content, moіsture uptаke, flаtness, folԁіng enԁurаnce аnԁ thіckness to stuԁy the stаbіlіty of the formulаtіons аnԁіn vіtro ԁіssolutіon of the experіmentаl formulаtіons were performeԁ to ԁetermіne the аmount of Olаnzаpіne аnԁ Rіsperіԁone present іn the pаtches аnԁ scаnnіng electron mіcroscopy (SEM) of the prepаreԁ TԁԁS were tаken to see the ԁrug ԁіstrіbutіon pаttern. ԁrug–excіpіent іnterаctіon stuԁіes were cаrrіeԁ out usіng Fourіer trаnsform іnfrаreԁ (FTІR) spectroscopіc technіque.
Results: Іn vіtro ԁіssolutіon stuԁіes showeԁ thаt the ԁrug ԁіstrіbutіon іn the mаtrіx wаs homogeneous аnԁ іt wаs founԁ thаt the mаxіmum ԁrug releаse аnԁ іn stаbіlіty stuԁy ԁrug content wаs founԁ to be 97.03%, 97.02% аnԁ 96.32% аfter 1, 2 аnԁ 3 months respectіvely wіth formulаtіon ROE3 (contаіnіng olіve oіl). Іn vіtro skіn permeаtіon stuԁy wаs аlso conԁucteԁ іn а moԁіfіeԁ Frаnz's ԁіffusіon cell whіch shows thаt the mаxіmum permeаtіon wаs wіth the formulаtіon ROE3 аnԁ іt wаs mаxіmum trаnsԁermаl flux 23.14 μg/cm2/h wаs obtаіneԁ wіth formulаtіon contаіnіng olіve oіl аs permeаtіon enhаncer respectіvely.
Conclusions: Optіmіzeԁ formulаtіons were founԁ to be suіtаble for formulаtіng іn terms of physіcochemіcаl chаrаcterіstіcs аnԁ there wаs no sіgnіfіcаnt іnterаctіon notіceԁ between the ԁrug аnԁ polymers useԁ.
Constructing Structurally Ordered High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles on Nitrogen‐Rich Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhu Guihua , Jiang Ying , Yang Haoyu , Wang Haifeng , Fang Yuan , Wang Lei , Xie Meng , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent efforts have observed nanoscaled chemical short‐range order in bulk high‐entropy alloys (HEAs). Simultaneously inspired with the nanostructuring technology, HEA nanoparticles (NPs) with complete chemical order may be achieved. Herein, structurally ordered HEA (OHEA) NPs are constructed on a novel 2D nitrogen‐rich mesoporous carbon sandwich framework (OHEA‐mNC) by combining a ligand‐assisted interfacial assembly with NH3 annealing. Characterization results show that the resultant materials possess an ultrathin 2D nanosheet structure with large mesopores (≈10 nm), where structurally ordered HEA NPs with an L12 phase are homogeneously dispersed. The atom‐resolved chemical analyses explicitly determine the location of each atomic site. When being evaluated for the oxygen reduction reaction, the OHEA‐mNC NPs afford a greatly enhanced catalytic performance, including a large half‐wave potential (0.90 eV) and a high durability (0.01 V decay after 10 000 cycles) compared with the disordered HEA and commercial Pt/C catalysts. The excellent performance is attributed to the enhanced mass transfer rate, improved electron conductivity, and the presence of the stable chemically ordered HEA phase, as revealed by both the experimental results and theoretical calculation. This study suggests a highly feasible process to achieve structurally ordered HEA NPs with advanced mesoporous function in the electrochemical field.
Magnetic Soft Millirobots 3D Printed by Circulating Vat Photopolymerization to Manipulate Droplets Containing Hazardous Agents for In Vitro Diagnostics
Authors: Zhou Aiwu , Xu Changyu , Kanitthamniyom Pojchanun , Ng Chelsea Shan Xian , Lim Gerard Joseph , Lew Wen Siang , Vasoo Shawn , Zhang Xiaosheng , Lum Guo Zhan , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract3D printing via vat photopolymerization (VP) is a highly promising approach for fabricating magnetic soft millirobots (MSMRs) with accurate miniature 3D structures; however, magnetic filler materials added to resin either strongly interfere with the photon energy source or sediment too fast, resulting in the nonuniformity of the filler distribution or failed prints, which limits the application of VP. To this end, a circulating vat photopolymerization (CVP) platform that can print MSMRs with high uniformity, high particle loading, and strong magnetic response is presented. After extensive characterization of materials and 3D printed parts, it is found that SrFe12O19 is an ideal magnetic filler for CVP and can be printed with 30% particle loading and high uniformity. By using CVP, various tethered and untethered MSMRs are 3D printed monolithically and demonstrate the capability of reversible 3D‐to‐3D transformation and liquid droplet manipulation in 3D, an important task for in vitro diagnostics that are not shown with conventional MSMRs. A fully automated liquid droplet handling platform that manipulates droplets with MSMR is presented for detecting carbapenem antibiotic resistance in hazardous biosamples as a proof of concept, and the results agree with the benchmark.
Recent Advances in Boron‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Based Materials and Their Various Applications
Authors: Thakur Anukul K. , Kurtyka Klaudia , Majumder Mandira , Yang Xiaoqin , Ta Huy Q. , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Liu Lijun , Trzebicka Barbara , Rummeli Mark H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon, owing to its unique properties such as surface area, pore features, conductivity, and chemical and thermal stability, has found several applications in the field of sensors, energy storage, electrocatalysis, and hydrogen storage. However, the properties of pristine carbon are sometimes insufficient to meet the requirements of a particular application. Heteroatom co‐doping may not only enhance the surface area, improve the porosity, and enhance the redox activity, but it also increases stability. B, N heteroatom co‐doping has gained popularity as it is found to be an effective way to enhance the properties of porous carbon by influencing the physicochemical, electrochemical, and electrical properties, thereby widening its applications. In this review, the rational synthetic strategies that are used to produce B, N co‐doped carbon are described. Further, the charge conduction in such B, N co‐doped carbon‐based materials (including metal and metal‐free) is discussed in detail. Certain remarkable works representing the various applications of B, N co‐doped carbon in the area of electrocatalysis, energy storage (rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors), and sensors are also highlighted. Finally, the review ends with a discussion of the existing challenges and possible future directions of research on B, N co‐doped carbon.
A Facile Surface Passivation Method to Stabilized Lithium Metal Anodes Facilitate the Practical Application of Quasi‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Huang Kangsheng , Yu Jiahui , Wu Langyuan , Li Zhiwei , Xu Hai , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLithium metal anode matching solid electrolyte is an effective way to achieve high safety and high specific energy batteries, while the active interface of lithium metal has become a bottleneck problem that limits its application. Here, the challenges by forming an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (F‐, B‐containing) on lithium metal surface are surmounted. It demonstrates an extended cycling life over 2000 h of continuous plating/stripping at a high current density of 1.5 mA cm−2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra prove the effectiveness of anion receptors for decoupling Li+‐F−. The distribution and morphological features of the LiF/B artificial hybrid interphase can be observed from energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Specifically, the treated metal lithium anode is also stable in the quasi‐solid‐state pouch cell (polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene‐LLZTO) system, which can make the rotor of the small aircraft rotate quickly and stably for 9.2 min.
Spidroin Composite Biomimetic Multifunctional Skin with Meta‐Structure
Authors: Luo Haoxi , Shen Yujing , Liao Zhijun , Yang Xuejiao , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhether for organic life or intelligent machines (robots, Actuators), skin plays an important role as a barrier and sensor, and a lot of research is centered on making multifunctional skins. Here, the authors report an electronic skin with high stretchability, excellent mechanical sensing, and biochemical detection capabilities obtained by combining photonic crystals and sponge‐like filled liquid metal (LM)–polyurethane (PU)–spidroin (SP) composite materials. Inspired by geckos and mussels, a micropillar array is designed and coated with polydopamine to synergistically improve adhesion. P(MMA‐BA) elastic copolymer nanoparticles (are assembled into a photonic crystal pattern to endow electronic skin biochemical detection capabilities. The regionalization of the photonic crystal pattern allows the electronic skin to detect multiple target compounds simultaneously. The base material is an LM–PU–SP composite material with excellent stretchability and pressure sensitivity and is used for motion monitoring and tactile sensing. It is envisioned that this multifunctional electronic skin can be attached to animal skins for health monitoring to facilitate the diagnosis of metabolic diseases and wound inflammation. Alternatively, electronic skins can be attached to robots and soft robots for the collection of samples from heavily polluted areas, to obtain real‐time feedback information during the collection process.
Bilayer‐Metasurface Design, Fabrication, and Functionalization for Full‐Space Light Manipulation
Authors: Deng Liangui , Li Zile , Zhou Zhou , He Zhixue , Zeng Yongquan , Zheng Guoxing , Yu Shaohua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLight manipulation with metasurfaces is usually implemented in either transmission or reflection space. Since the other half‐space is abandoned, it may hinder the improvement of information capacity and functionality of metasurfaces. Previously reported works have showcased some attempts to modulate trans‐reflective phase for full‐space light manipulation. However, they either fail to realize complete decoupling or introduce unwanted amplitude variation, which leads to the performance deterioration of meta‐devices. Herein, a general platform is proposed to independently manipulate the trans‐reflective light, benefitting from the significantly increased degrees of freedom gifted by bilayer metasurfaces. As examples, two different meta‐devices, i.e., a full‐space meta‐hologram and a trans‐reflective vortex beam generator both with pixel‐resolution up to 340 nm are fabricated and characterized. Owing to their completely decoupled trans‐reflective phase, full‐space light manipulation with total independence, low crosstalk, and high information capacity are well presented. This research can empower advanced research on optical storage, fiber communication, optical sensing, and lightening.
Giant Negative Differential Resistance Effect Caused by Cutting off Acceptable Quantum States in Carbon Nanotube Tunneling Devices
Authors: Fang Li , Qiu Chenguang , Zhang Hongjie , Hu Yue , Peng Lian‐Mao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTunneling devices with negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristic often suffer from bad peak‐to‐valley current ratios (PVR), which is due to the existence of the excess current generated by trap‐assisted tunneling and phonon‐assisted tunneling. How to suppress the excess current and improve PVR is a great challenge. Here, the authors propose a new strategy to suppress the excess current through cutting off the acceptable quantum states, and verify this mechanism by constructing a novel four‐terminal tunneling device, which consists of the carbon nanotube as channel, Pd and Sc electrode for p‐type and n‐type Ohmic contact, respectively, and self‐aligned split dual gates that modulate the channel to form the tunneling junction. In such a device, the window of acceptable quantum states can be cut off by increasing the sweeping rate ratio between the gate voltage to the drain voltage, so that the excess current can be suppressed. The devices exhibit significant NDR characteristics with a giant PVR of 13 500 at room temperature, and the peak current density can be up to 7 × 104 A cm−2, both of which are the highest values among all the reported low‐dimensional tunneling devices.
Cost‐effectiveness of second‐line therapies in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Goshua George , Sinha Pranay , Kunst Natalia , Pischel Lauren , Lee Alfred Ian , Cuker Adam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMajor options for second‐line therapy in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) include splenectomy, rituximab, and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TRAs). The American Society of Hematology guidelines recommend rituximab over splenectomy, TRAs over rituximab, and splenectomy or TRAs while noting a lack of evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of these therapies. Using prospective, observational, and meta‐analytic data, we performed the first cost‐effectiveness analysis of second‐line therapies in chronic ITP, from the perspective of the U.S. health system. Over a 20‐year time‐horizon, our six‐strategy Markov model shows that a strategy incorporating early splenectomy, an approach at odds with current guidelines and clinical practice, is the cost‐effective strategy. All four strategies utilizing TRAs in the first or second position cost over $1 million per quality‐adjusted life‐year, as compared to strategies involving early use of splenectomy and rituximab. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, early use of splenectomy and rituximab in either order was favored in 100% of 10 000 iterations. The annual cost of TRAs would have to decrease over 80% to begin to become cost‐effective in any early TRA strategy. Our data indicate that effectiveness of early TRA and late TRA strategies is similar with the cost significantly greater with early TRA strategies. Contrary to current practice trends and guidelines, early use of splenectomy and rituximab, rather than TRAs, constitutes cost‐effective treatment in adults with chronic ITP.
NEXMIF pathogenic variants in individuals of Korean, Vietnamese, and Mexican descent
Authors: Langley Elizabeth , Farach Laura S. , Koenig Mary K. , Northrup Hope , Rodriguez‐Buritica David F. , Mowrey Kate 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNEXMIF pathogenic variants have been known to produce a wide spectrum of X‐linked intellectual disability (ID) in both males and females. Thus far, few individuals from diverse populations have been described with NEXMIF‐related disorders. Herein, we report three individuals with NEXMIF pathogenic variants, the first two are the only males of Korean and Vietnamese descent described with this disorder to our knowledge. The last patient is a Hispanic female who harbors the same pathogenic variant as a previously described Caucasian individual, but with differing clinical presentation. These patients present with many classic symptoms of NEXMIF‐related disorders including ID, epilepsy, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features. In addition, they have symptoms that have not been thoroughly described in the literature, including allergies with multiple anaphylactic events and hypothyroidism. This report is intended to raise awareness and educate about the clinical signs that may prompt testing for NEXMIF‐related disorders.
CuI Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Nitro‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines using Oxygen as Oxidant
Authors: Das Dibya , Jena Ashis Kumar , Pal Chandan Kumar , Bourda Laurens , Van Hecke Kristof 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA mild, efficient and stable copper iodide nanoparticle (CuI NP)‐catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 3‐nitro‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines was developed. Substituted 2‐amino pyridines successfully reacted with both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient β‐nitro styrenes to produce the desired products in good to excellent yields. Hot filtration tests confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the CuI NPs. The nanocatalyst showed good reusability up to three consecutive cycles without any significant loss in its activity and product yield, confirmed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) analysis. Use of molecular oxygen as oxidant is advantageous from an economic and environmental point of view.
Experimental study on durability of wood–plastic composites by coupling dry–wet cycles and seawater environment
Authors: Jiang Liangpeng , Li Xiaokai , Fu Jingjing , Teng Wenxiang , Yang Hongtao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe durability of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) exposed to seawater dry–wet cycles were investigated. The most detrimental cycles were evaluated by the orthogonal design method. The physical properties, structural strength, chemical characteristics, and thermal stability of WPC materials under the worst seawater dry–wet (W‐SDW) cycles were described based on discoloration/water absorption/thickness swelling, hardness/impact strength, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis results, respectively. The results showed that the W‐SDW cycles were: immersion temperature of 60°C, immersion time of 4 h, drying temperature of 70°C, and drying time of 3 h. The exposure to W‐SDW cycles degraded the fiber–matrix interface interaction, increasing discoloration, water absorption, and thickness swelling as well as reducing hardness, impact strength, and pyrolysis temperature. The degree of degradation of the fiber and matrix is positively correlated with that of the fiber–matrix interface interaction. The analysis of the experimental phenomenon indicates that protecting the fiber–matrix interface maintains the durability of WPC materials.
Highly sensitive biosensor based on aptamer and hybridization chain reaction for detection of cadmium ions
Authors: Xu Mingming , Peng Yu , Yang Hualin , Zhou Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, a highly sensitive biosensor for detecting cadmium ions (Cd2+) was developed based on a Cd2+‐specific DNA aptamer and a hybridization chain reaction (HCR). The Cd2+ aptamer (named S0) was used to recognize Cd2+ and trigger the HCR. Without Cd2+, S0 initiated the HCR to form long nicked dsDNA structures to quench the fluorescence. Then, Cd2+ could bind with S0 to block HCR to recover fluorescence. This biosensor had high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.36 nM and a linear range from 0 to 10 nM. Moreover, it showed a satisfactory selectivity and recovery rates.
Are K‐strategists yield‐strategists in disguise? An example from autotrophic nitrogen removal
Authors: Acevedo Alonso Vanessa , Lackner Susanne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe behavior of heterotrophic bacteria growing in systems with low or no external supply of chemical oxygen demand (COD) has become more relevant within the wastewater context. Growth strategies help to clarify how bacteria behave and adapt to different environmental conditions. In the case of substrate limited conditions, research has been mainly focused on the k‐strategy, whereas another important strategy: the yield strategy has not been explored intensely. Some authors have, however, demonstrated the implications of bacteria pursuing the yield strategy when living in structured environments and facing low‐substrate concentrations. This study uses a one‐dimensional biofilm model to study the influence of the affinity constant, the maximum growth rate, and the growth yield on the heterotrophic formation of dinitrogen gas (N2) in a completely autotrophic partial nitritation anammox system. The effect of these parameters on the composition and the diversity of the heterotrophic community is also evaluated. In a first scenario, heterotrophic bacteria are allowed to grow only on the COD produced by biomass decay. In a second step, the competition with a second group of heterotrophs using external COD as electron donor is assessed. For both evaluated scenarios, the results suggest that the yield plays a crucial role in the heterotrophic biomass and dinitrogen gas formation. Moreover, in the case of the community diversity the yield seems to be the decisive parameter. Finally, we conceptually compared the K and the yield strategy and give some insight to the possibility of both either being closely related or even being the same strategy.
Association between serum cystatin C level and post‐stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute mild ischemic stroke
Authors: Yan Xu , Chen Huan , Shang Xiu‐Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMild ischemic stroke (MIS) has been proved to be closely related to post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). However, there are relatively few studies on the risk factors of MIS. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum cystatin C (CysC) level and cognitive function in patients with acute MIS.MethodsFour hundred consecutive patients with acute MIS were screened and 281 patients were eligible for this study. The serum CysC levels were detected within 24 h after admission. Cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at 3 months after acute MIS. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of PSCI, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to explore the optimal cut‐off value.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐four (58.4%) patients were diagnosed with PSCI at 3 months follow‐up. The serum CysC levels in patients with PSCI were significantly higher than patients without PSCI (p < .001). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum CysC level was an independent predictor for PSCI at 3 months (odds ratio [OR], 5.745; 95% confidence interval, [CI], 1.089–30.311; p = 0.039). The ROC curve showed that area under the curve (AUC) was 0.723, and at a 0.945 mg/l CysC cut‐off point, the sensitivity and specificity for PSCI at 3 months were 79.9% and 58.1%, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggested that the serum CysC levels were increased after acute MIS, and higher serum CysC levels at baseline might be an independent risk factor for PSCI in patients with acute MIS, but further research are warranted.