bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copula based analysis of impact of wireless channels correlation on the physical layer security performances in a wireless wiretap channel with artificial noise
Authors: Pakravan Saeid , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, a wireless wiretap channel with artificial noise assisted transmission and active eavesdropper is considered, where, wireless channel coefficients are correlated. Aiming at analyzing wireless channels correlation effects on the physical layer security, we exploit copula theory and obtain closed form expressions for the probability of positive secrecy rate, average secrecy rate, and generalized secrecy outage probability. Then, the obtained analytical results are evaluated numerically under positive dependence, independence and negative dependence correlation structures and it is shown that in different scenarios, the effect of correlated fading on the security performance can be beneficial or harmful.
The emerging role of dark berry polyphenols in human health and nutrition
Authors: Higbee Jerome , Solverson Patrick , Zhu Meijun , Carbonero Franck 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDark berry fruits are one of the top 10 richest sources of dietary polyphenols and have been examined for their pharmacokinetic benefits in the human body related to absorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). With the expansion of the world wide web and rise of discretionary income in Europe and North America impacting the global food trade during the 21st century, several species of berries have become available for general consumption that may have previously been out of reach of the average consumer. Compared to their commercial counterparts, these berries contain many of the same polyphenols, and the possibility exists for the discovery of novel phenolic compounds that may affect the ADME process in a host‐beneficial way. Several species have demonstrated antioxidant, antiobesogenic, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory properties through in vitro, animal studies, and human clinical trials. This review examines the available chemical compositions of several dark berries and their effect on the ADME process, their implication in host health effects, and the potential of these emerging species to suggest areas for future research.
HCC incidence after hepatitis C cure among patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lockart Ian , Yeo Malcolm G. H. , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Dore Gregory J. , Danta Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
HCV cure reduces but does not eliminate the risk of HCC. HCC surveillance is recommended in populations where the incidence exceeds 1.5% per year. In cirrhosis, HCC surveillance should continue after HCV cure, although it is uncertain if this should be indefinite. For patients with advanced fibrosis (F3), guidelines are inconsistent in their recommendations. We evaluated the incidence of HCC after HCV cure among patients with F3 fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Approach and Results
This systematic review and meta‐analysis identified 44 studies (107,548 person‐years of follow‐up) assessing the incidence of HCC after HCV cure among patients with F3 fibrosis or cirrhosis. The incidence of HCC was 2.1 per 100 person‐years (95% CI, 1.9–2.4) among patients with cirrhosis and 0.5 per 100 person‐years (95% CI, 0.3–0.7) among patients with F3 fibrosis. In a meta‐regression analysis among patients with cirrhosis, older age (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] per 10‐year increase in mean/median age, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.00–1.73) and prior decompensation (aRR per 10% increase in the proportion of patients with prior decompensation, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12) were associated with an increased incidence of HCC. Longer follow‐up after HCV cure was associated with a decreased incidence of HCC (aRR per year increase in mean/median follow‐up, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.96).

Conclusions
Among patients with cirrhosis, the incidence of HCC decreases over time after HCV cure and is lowest in patients with younger age and compensated cirrhosis. The substantially lower incidence in F3 fibrosis is below the recommended threshold for cost‐effective screening. The results should encourage the development of validated predictive models that better identify at‐risk individuals, especially among patients with F3 fibrosis.
Early use of tocilizumab in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yamani Amani H. , Alraddadi Basem M. , Almaghrabi Reem S. , Amer Afnan A. , Mehdawi Fatimah S. , AL‐Hamzi Mohammed A , Aldajani Meshari S. , Alattas Majda S. , Elsaed Ramadan Aiman M. , Wali Ghassan Y , Alshukairi Abeer N. , Al Mutair Abbas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTocilizumab was studied to reduce cytokine syndrome in patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with conflicting results. We aim to study the early use of tocilizumab in SOT with COVID‐19 pneumonia on low flow oxygen.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in two transplant centers in Saudi Arabia among 46 SOT with COVID‐19 comparing 21 patients who received tocilizumab to 25 patients who received standard of care. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were described.ResultsCompared to patients who received standard of care, patients in the tocilizumab group were older (60.2 ± 12.8 vs. 48.6 ± 12.3, p = .003), had higher ferritin (862.1 ± 919.1 vs. 414 ± 447.3, p = .025) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (85 ± 83.1 vs. 42.9 ± 57.3, p = .012). More patients in the tocilizumab group required high flow oxygen (38.1% vs. 8.0%, p = .028) compared to patients on standard of care. There were no differences in mortality or mechanical ventilation requirement. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the tocilizumab group than the standard of care group (9.6 ± 7.4 vs. 20.7 ± 11.7, p < .001).ConclusionsEarly use of tocilizumab in SOT was associated with a shorter hospital stay. There was no difference in mortality rate and the requirement for mechanical ventilation in both groups.
Study of the leading European construction companies using risk factor models
Authors: Escribano Ana , Jareño Francisco , Cano Jose Ángel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to study the potential effects of changes in international risk factors on leading European construction companies' returns. The study is conducted on a sample period between January 2000 and December 2019 and applies an extension of the Fama and French five‐factor model (2015) using the quantile regression methodology. Specifically, this research extends the Fama and French (2015) factor model by adding risk factors such as nominal interest rates, momentum and momentum reversal factors (Carhart, 1997) and the traded liquidity factor (Pastor and Stambaugh, 2003). For robustness, this study splits the entire sample period into three sub‐periods: pre‐crisis, crisis, and post‐crisis. As expected, the highest R2 coefficients are observed in the extreme quantiles, that is, in the bullish and bearish market states, revealing a U‐shaped relationship in the explanatory power of this factor model.
A panel of three serum microRNA can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Rongkang , Lu Chong , Yang Weiqiang , Zhou Yaqi , Zhong Jiatao , Chen Xuan , Li Xinji , Huang Guocheng , Peng Xiqi , Liu Kaihao , Zhang Chunduo , Hu Hongyi , Lai Yongqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma is cancer with unique epidemiological characteristics, showing obvious ethnicity, gender, and geographical prevalence. More and more evidence shows that microRNAs are stable in serum and are specific to different tumor types. Therefore, miRNA is a new non‐invasive biomarker for cancer detection.MethodsThe experiment is divided into three stages, namely, the screening stage, the training stage, and the verification stage. We took 54 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 108 healthy controls as the research objects. We use the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) to evaluate the diagnostic value of miRNA. Finally, a three‐miRNA panel with high diagnostic efficiency was constructed. In addition, we conducted biological information analysis of these miRNAs to explore their functions.ResultsIn NPC patients, the expression of five serum miRNAs (miR‐29c‐3p, miR‐143‐5p, miR‐150‐5p, miR‐145‐3p, and miR‐205‐5p) is significantly dysregulated. Among them, the diagnostic value of these three miRNAs (miR‐29c‐3p, AUC = 0.702; miR‐143‐5p, AUC = 0.733; and miR‐205‐5p, AUC = 787) is more prominent. The diagnostic panel constructed by them has a higher diagnostic value (AUC = 0.902). Through the analysis of the TCGA data set, the target gene of the three‐miRNA panel may be KLF7, NRG1, SH3BGRL2, and SYNPO2.ConclusionThe three‐miRNA panel (miR‐29c‐3p, miR‐143‐5p, and miR‐205‐5p) may become a novel non‐invasive biological marker for nasopharyngeal cancer screening.
Primary skeletal muscle cells from chronic kidney disease patients retain hallmarks of cachexia in vitro
Authors: Baker Luke A. , O'Sullivan Thomas F. , Robinson Katherine A. , Graham‐Brown Matthew P.M. , Major Rupert W. , Ashford Robert U. , Smith Alice C. , Philp Andrew , Watson Emma L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction are common characteristics noted in people who suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanisms by which this occurs are complex, and although progress has been made, the key underpinning mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. With work to date primarily conducted in nephrectomy‐based animal models, translational capacity to our patient population has been challenging. This could be overcome if rationale developing work could be conducted in human based models with greater translational capacity. This could be achieved using cells derived from patient biopsies, if they retain phenotypic traits noted in vivo.MethodsHere, we performed a systematic characterization of CKD derived muscle cells (CKD; n = 10; age: 54.40 ± 15.53 years; eGFR: 22.25 ± 13.22 ml/min/1.73 m2) in comparison with matched controls (CON; n = 10; age: 58.66 ± 14.74 years; eGFR: 85.81 ± 8.09 ml/min/1.73 m2 ). Harvested human derived muscle cells (HDMCs) were taken through proliferative and differentiation phases and investigated in the context of myogenic progression, inflammation, protein synthesis, and protein breakdown. Follow up investigations exposed HDMC myotubes from each donor type to 0, 0.4, and 100 nM of IGF‐1 in order to investigate any differences in anabolic resistance.ResultsHarvested human derived muscle cells isolated from CKD patients displayed higher rates of protein degradation (P = 0.044) alongside elevated expression of both TRIM63 (2.28‐fold higher, P = 0.054) and fbox32 (6.4‐fold higher, P < 0.001) in comparison with CONs. No differences were noted in rates of protein synthesis under basal conditions (P > 0.05); however, CKD derived cells displayed a significant degree of anabolic resistance in response to IGF‐1 stimulation (both doses) in comparison with matched CONs (0.4 nm: P < 0.001; 100 nM: P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn summary, we report for the first time that HDMCs isolated from people suffering from CKD display key hallmarks of the well documented in vivo phenotype. Not only do these findings provide further mechanistic insight into CKD specific cachexia, but they also demonstrate this is a reliable and suitable model in which to perform targeted experiments to begin to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting the CKD associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and function.
HIV prevention: better choice for better coverage
Authors: Bekker Linda‐Gail , Pike Carey , Hillier Sharon L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionAntiretroviral‐based pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is today an established, effective and safe method of HIV prevention used in multiple countries worldwide by a broad range of populations at risk of HIV infection. Biomedical innovations are critical in supporting the primary prevention of HIV; however, their potential can only be maximized if end‐user challenges are recognized, described and used to develop next‐generation models.DiscussionFirst‐generation PrEP, a daily oral pill, is highly efficacious, discreet and affords users the ability to commence and conclude treatment rapidly. However, consistent daily adherence and persistence is challenging, especially among younger populations, due in part to side effects, the risk of stock‐outs and a lack of pill storage options. Second‐generation PrEP, longer acting agents that require less frequent dosing, could overcome such challenges. Agents that have shown efficacy in clinical trials include a monthly vaginal ring and PrEP injectables to be administered every 8 weeks, while products in development include 6 monthly injectables, oral therapy that uses monthly rather than daily pills, implants and the potential for long‐acting passive immunization.ConclusionsSecond‐generation PrEP agents will have the potential to offer improved adherence and less frequent reminders once they have undergone further development and the delivery systems that will best support them have been established. In order to pursue global UNAIDS targets of reducing new HIV infections to fewer than 500,000 annually by 2025, and to ensure that all people have access to prevention options that meet their specific prevention needs, both early and next‐generation PrEP options are needed.
BRIDGE THE GAP IN WORKPLACE RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Edwards Jennifer , McCleary Katie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe authors “explore a foundational skill and tool in our curriculum: the ability to “show up clean” using psychological flexibility and distance, along with the power of naming a negative “Inner Narrator” who threatens relationships.” They note that many people feel disconnected in the workplace, a problem that threatens crucial working relationships. They state that “research shows that people don't quit because of pay, but rather because of how they are treated by the people they work alongside.” They reference a 2015 Virgin Pulse survey, which found that “nearly 40% of people said that their co‐workers were the top reason that they loved working for a particular company, and 66% of those relationships positively impact their focus and productivity.” The article draws on an example of one particular executive, , Francisco, to illustrate key points. Describing the work of the authors’ firm, they “equip working professionals with tangible skills on how to show up clean and curious so that they can work effectively with a diverse spectrum of people. Our framework offers easy‐to‐use and memorable tools that help people increase their self‐awareness by understanding how their biology, psychology, lived experiences, default behaviors, and communication styles intersect and impact their relationships and conversations.”
Levofloxacin prophylaxis for pediatric leukemia patients: Longitudinal follow‐up for impact on health care‐associated infections
Authors: Davis Andrea , Stevens Alexandra M. , Brackett Julienne , Marquez Lucila , Foster Catherine E. , Sauer Hannah E. , Campbell Judith R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBloodstream infections (BSIs) cause morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with leukemia. Antibiotic prophylaxis during periods of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia may reduce the incidence of BSIs.ProcedureA levofloxacin prophylaxis guideline was implemented for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study over 4 years (2 years pre and 2 years post implementation) of the practice guideline to assess the impact on central line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and BSI events. Secondary outcomes included incidence of Clostridioides difficile‐associated diarrhea, bacteremia due to multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDRO), and bacteremia due to levofloxacin nonsusceptible organisms. STATA was used for data analysis.ResultsSixty‐three and 72 patients met inclusion criteria for the pre‐ and postimplementation cohorts, respectively. Demographics were similar between the groups. We observed 60 BSI events in the pre‐group versus 49 events in the post‐group (p = .1). Bacteremia due to Gram‐negative rods (risk ratio [RR] 0.37 [0.21, 0.66], p < .001) and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) CLABSIs (RR 0.62 [0.44, 0.89], p = .01) were significantly reduced in the postimplementation group. The incidences of C. difficile‐associated diarrhea and MDRO bacteremia were similar between groups. However, we observed an increase in the incidence of BSI due to Gram‐negative rods that were nonsusceptible to levofloxacin (RR 3.38 [0.72, 6.65], p < .001).ConclusionFollowing implementation of a levofloxacin prophylaxis guideline, we observed a significant decrease in BSIs due to Gram‐negative rods and NHSN CLABSIs. Vigilant monitoring of outcomes post guideline implementation is critical to track emergence of resistant organisms.
Success rates for US and Canadian anticancer drug development efforts in pediatric oncology
Authors: Oliviero Elisabeth , Kourkopoulos Georgiana , Kimmelman Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 5% of adult cancer interventions put into clinical testing attain regulatory approval. Little is known about corresponding rates for pediatric cancer.MethodsOur primary outcomes were the proportion of interventions graduating to the next trial phase, randomized trials, and/or clinical practice. We created a saturation sample of clinical trials by searching ClinicalTrials.gov for all pediatric anticancer trials in the United States or Canada. Trial characteristics were extracted automatically from ClinicalTrials.gov records, and cancer indication/drug class categorization, biomarker enrichment, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval status at time of recruitment were double‐extracted from each record. Regulatory approval status and labeling modifications for each intervention were determined by searching Drugs@FDA and the New Pediatric Labeling Information Database.ResultsFive hundred eighty‐nine pediatric trials launched between 1987 and 2019 were captured. The overall probability of graduation was 17.0%; 18.9% of interventions graduated from phase 1 to phase 2 trials, and 1.6% of interventions graduated from phase 2 to phase 3 trials. The proportion of interventions advancing from phase 1 to FDA approval was 3.6%, and 1.9% of interventions tested in phase 1 advanced to a randomized phase 2 trial. Only biomarker enrichment was significantly predictive of graduation from phase 1 to phase 2 trials (p = .011).ConclusionThe proportion of interventions advancing from phase 1 testing to FDA approval was similar to estimates for adult oncology. Our findings highlight the challenges for current paradigms of pediatric anticancer drug development.
Ultrasound of pneumothorax in neonates: Diagnostic value of the anterior transverse plane and of mirrored ribs
Authors: Montero‐Gato Jon , Rodeño‐Fernández Lorena , Serna‐Guerediaga Iker , Aguirre‐Unceta‐Barrenechea Ana , Aguirre‐Conde Ainhoa , Perez‐Legorburu Alberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionPoint‐of‐care lung ultrasound is increasingly used to diagnose pneumothorax efficiently and safely in neonates.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the central and anterior transverse thoracic plane in the ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothorax, analyze the diagnostic value of the “mirrored ribs” sign, and evaluate the predictive value of the lung point location for the need of pleural drainage.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Basurto University Hospital (Bilbao, Spain) due to respiratory distress and with ultrasound, with or without pneumothorax, between January 2014 and December 2020.ResultsThe presence of A‐lines behind the sternum in the anterior transverse plane in newborns with pneumothorax (N = 311) and controls (N = 195) was compared. A‐lines were present in 98.9% of newborns with pneumothorax compared to none in the controls (p < .0001). Diagnosis of pneumothorax with the anterior transverse plane presented high interobserver reproducibility (κ = 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.00). In contrast, the “mirrored ribs” sign in the anterior longitudinal plane was observed in 35.6% of patients with pneumothorax and in 36.9% of controls (p = .1505). A significant association was observed between lung point location and the need for pleural drainage (p < .0001).ConclusionsA‐lines in the anterior transverse plane is a simple ultrasound sign which presents high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility for the diagnosis of pneumothorax. The mirrored ribs sign showed low diagnostic utility. Patients with severe pneumothorax in lung ultrasound are most likely to require thoracic drainage.
Conservation systems influence on soil properties in pumpkin production
Authors: Davis Cathryn J. , Presley DeAnn R. , Rivard Cary L. , Griffin Jason J. , Tomlinson Peter J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVegetable crop production typically involves smaller land areas than agronomic production but relies heavily on intensive cultivation of soil to prepare the seedbed for planting and to manage weeds. Over time, extensive tillage can have negative effects on soil structure and microbial properties because soil is more prone to erosion when aggregation is reduced, and aggregates provide necessary habitat for a healthy microbial community. This 3‐yr study compared two types of systems: One was an intensively tilled control where no cover crops were planted, and the other type of system included cover crops and only one tillage event per year. For this study, no‐till is defined as the pumpkin cash crop no‐till planted into terminated cover crop residue. Treatments were a control (no‐cover crop, and tilled ≥ twice annually); plus seven conservation treatments including either fall‐planted or spring‐planted cover crops. Infiltration, bulk density, wet aggregate stability, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were determined. The main soil physical property that was affected by cover crops was an improvement in soil aggregation for the conservation systems, while lesser effects were observed for water infiltration and bulk density. While these changes did not occur immediately, soil aggregation showed differences between conservation treatments compared with the conventional control. Therefore, we conclude that the use of less tillage and a cover crop in a conservation system is generally beneficial as compared with a conventional system. This study illustrates the potential for improving some soil health parameters in as little as 2 yr.
Surgical decompression of a paraspinal abscess in a 4‐month‐old lamb—Providing perioperative anaesthesia and analgesia within the remits of UK legislation for food‐producing animals
Authors: Dagnall Clare , Fadda Angela , Adams James , Macfarlane Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis report describes the perioperative anaesthesia and analgesia management of a 4‐month‐old lamb undergoing surgical decompression of a paraspinal abscess while adhering to the drug‐prescribing cascade. This is a legal requirement covered under UK prescribing regulations. Premedication with 2 μg/kg detomidine and 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol preceded induction, with 6 mg/kg ketamine administered to effect. General anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen, 1 μg/kg/h detomidine and 10 μg/kg/min ketamine. Additional analgesia was provided with 10 mg/kg paracetamol, 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam and infiltration of 10 mg lidocaine. Postoperative analgesia was achieved with ketamine 5 μg/kg/min IV, butorphanol 0.1 mg/kg IV q6h, 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam IV q24h and 10 mg/kg paracetamol IV q8h. A withdrawal period of 28 days for meat/offal and 15 days for milk was recommended. Neurological improvement was observed, and the lamb was discharged at 7 days.