bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First episode psychosis and the use of psychostimulants - a case report
Authors: Teixeira T. , Martins S. , Carvalho V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStimulants are considered the mainstay of treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and most patients are put on a long-term regimen with these psychostimulants. However some children treated with psychostimulants have reported psychosis as an adverse effect.ObjectivesUnderstand the capacity of psychostimulant medications to induce psychotic symptoms and determine the frequency of such reactions in adolescents and young adults.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature in English, through research in PubMed. Additionally, a clinical case is exposed, which was treated at the psychiatric inpatient unit of the Tamega e Sousa hospital center.ResultsSome patients, including some with no identifiable risk factors, can develop drugrelated signs or symptoms of psychosis or mania, such as hallucinations, at usual doses of frequently used ADHD drugs. Age of onset of psychosis can be significantly earlier in individuals with a history of stimulant use. In our clinical case, a young man of 18 years, previously diagnosed with ADHD, was medicated with atomoxetine two months prior being admitted to our psychiatric unit. There was no reported history of a similar psychiatric condition, and no risk factors were identified. At admission, he had bizarre behavior, with allucinatory activity and delusions of persecution. Atomoxetine was suspended and started oral antipsychotic, with improvement of symptoms and stabilization of the clinical condition.ConclusionsIn adolescents and young adults with ADHD undergoing stimulant therapy, any psychotic symptoms or mood changes need to be carefully assessed at regular intervals by the physicians and the caregivers, in order to observe change in the symptoms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effects of the moderate stress exposure on the short-term memory capacity: An experimental study in fire cadets
Authors: Bityutskaya E. , Lebedeva N. , Tsalikova Y. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFuture firefighters are selected and trained to perform well under pressure and stress.ObjectivesThe research is focused on the experimental study of fire cadets’ memory capacity under stress.MethodsThe study follows Solomon Four Group Design with two variables: stress stimuli (exposure/non-exposure), fire cadets (n=50)/civilian students (n=40). Two series of The Digit Span Test measurements (DST) were performed. Heart rate, EMG, systolic wave amplitude, pulse transit time were measured during the experiment to determine the respondents’ stress levels.ResultsMemory capacity in fire cadets under stress (n=30) significantly increased (Wilcoxon match-pairs rank test, р = 0.001; 1st DST series, neutral stimuli: M=6.53, SE=0.17, SD=0.96; 2st DST series, stressful stimuli: M=7.3, SE=0.21, SD=1.16), the obtained effect size was medium (Cohen’s d = 0.7232). There was no significant change in memory capacity in civilian students under stress (n=20, Wilcoxon test, р=0.452; 1st DST series, neutral stimuli: M=6.78, SE=0.23, SD=1.02; 2st DST series, stressful stimuli: M=6.7, SE=0.23, SD=1.04). Moreover, there was no significant change in memory capacity in fire cadets that were not under stress (n=20, Wilcoxon test, р = 0.628; 1st DST series, neutral stimuli: M=6.88, SE=0.16, SD=0.70; 2st DST series, neutral stimuli: M=6.78, SE=0.16, SD=0.73). Systolic wave amplitude in the stress-exposed groups changed more pronouncedly in students (Mann–Whitney test, z=-2.131; p = 0.033) compared to cadets.ConclusionsIn most of the fire cadets, moderate stress exposure resulted in a memory capacity increase.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Looking beyond electroconvulsive therapy: A case report
Authors: Barbosa D. , Sousa A. , Machado A.S. , Moreira R. , Mota M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered a gold-standart treatment of severe and treatment-resistant depression. Lack of response to ECT often causes distress in psychiatrists regarding the next therapeutic decisions.ObjectivesTo present a case report of a patient with psychotic depression with partial response to ECT.MethodsClinical interviews and review of literature using the Pubmed platform.ResultsThe authors present a case of a 60 year-old woman admitted for severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms. Due to lack of response to multiple antidepressive and antipsychotic treatments, 15 sessions of ECT were performed with improvement of behavioral and psychotic symptoms. However, endogenous depressive symptoms with functional impairment persisted. It was then initiated Bupropion 300mg/day resulting in vast improvements on drive, energy and activity levels with restored functionality. Previously to ECT, Bupropion was not considered a valid option due to the psychomotor restlessness that was present. This case exposes the limitations of ECT and the therapeutic conundrums that arise when there is partial response. The symptoms expressed in the patient after ECT course correlate with deficits in noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways that are involved in endogenous depression. The use of Bupropion, with its effect on noradrenaline and dopamine receptors, may offer a therapeutic lifeline in these cases.ConclusionsECT still stands as a gold-standart for severe depressive disorder, especially when several psychopharmacological therapies have failed. In cases of partial response to ECT, the neurobiological correlates of clinical presentation can guide the therapeutic management towards improved outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Internet and psychosocial interventions: What is the evidence?
Authors: Riper H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyDigital mental health, before, during and after the
COVID-19 pandemic Over the last two decades the digital landscape of mental health care research and service innovation has gained momentum. This period is characterized by many successes’ stories but brilliant failures as well. Today, e-mental health is like a two-headed Janus. One side of his face illustrates the birth of innovative technologies that entered mental health service provision. In parallel, the evidence-base for the application of these new technologies, such as internet-based treatments for depression, has been established with effect sizes comparable to those of face-to-face treatments. The other side of his face shows, however, that eMental-health has not yet lived up to its’ full potential as its actual delivery, evaluation and implementation in routine care has proven to be a much longer and bumpier road than expected. The question addressed in this presentation will be ‘what does the future hold’? Acknowledging that futures are difficult to predict Heleen Riper nevertheless provides insights into how we may overcome some of these bumps by combining the best of two worlds, i.e. blending digital and face-to-face components into one integrated treatment approach. She will illustrate these new developments by virtue of the results of the H2020 European Comparative Effectiveness Study for Major Depression and current experiences with especially videoconferencing during the Covid-19 pandemic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
On gender and cognitive flexibility. The REM-ACT study: Acceptance and commitment therapy versus a mindfulness-based emotional regulation intervention in anxiety disorders. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fernández-Jiménez E. , Vidal-Bermejo E. , Torrea-Araiz I. , Castellanos-Villaverde T. , Navarro-Oliver G. , Hospital-Moreno A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionResearch is needed to explore whether cognitive flexibility may account for potential gender differences after mindfulness-based interventions.ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) versus a Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation (MER) intervention on cognitive flexibility according to gender.MethodsThis study was carried out in a Mental Health Unit in Spain (Colmenar Viejo, Madrid). Firstly, 80 adult patients with anxiety disorders were randomized according to the score on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (blocking factor), of whom, 64 patients decided to participate (mean age = 40.66, S.D. = 11.43; 40 females). Each intervention was weekly, during 8 weeks, guided by two Clinical Psychology residents. A 2x2x2 mixed ANOVA (pre-post change x intervention type x gender) was conducted, with Sidak-correction post hoc tests. The dependent variable was the score on TMT-B.ResultsA natural logarithmic transformation was conducted to correct violation of normality and homoscedasticity assumptions. No statistically significant differences were observed on age or gender between interventions. No statistically significant interaction effect was observed between pre-post change x intervention x gender [F(1, 52) = .014, p = .907]. An interaction effect was observed between pre-post change x intervention [F(1, 52) = 4.180, p = .046; statistical power observed = 52%]: while TMT-B improved after ACT (p = .001; Cohen’s d = 0.607), there were no changes after MER (p = .367; Cohen’s d = 0.097).ConclusionsThese medium effect-size results confirm previous findings of our research team indicating cognitive flexibility improves after ACT but not after MER.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Enhancing a nutrition and self-management: An intervention program via teletherapy for teenager with ADHD. A pilot case study
Authors: Ahmed T. , Salem E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSeveral ADHD teenagers had difficult behavioral problems during countries closing down due to Covid-19 pandemic. One of these negative outcomes that parents cannot control children’s behavior toward desired unhealthy food and the impulsive consequences. It was a great opportunity to convention a teletherapy program as a tool of intervention seeking for help to reduce uncontrolled self- management and nutrition, which may affect all sorts of childhood growth, development, health and behavior. Furthermore, it can affects daily life and academic success.ObjectivesWe tried through our study to enhance the teletherapy as a therapeutic tool, during the first and second phase of Covid-19 pandemic, trying to help parents and patient to overcome the impulsive behavior by using a specific therapy technique based on nutrition and behavioral therapyMethodsOur case study is a young girl aged 12:4 Yrs. In middle bilingual Arabic/ American School. The therapeutic program designed via teletherapy program using multi-media and thru multi phases sessions, to increase focus attention, emotional control and reduce impulsivity.ResultsThe outcomes of the enhancing nutrition and behavior teletherapy program, showed significant improvement for the specific goal. Sensible change in the girl’s impulsive behavior, more focusing, emotional control and more accepting about health nutrition habits.ConclusionsThe important finding that intensive, focused nutation and self-management techniques provided via teletherapy as solitary program brought benefits to individual’s, family and reduced impulsivity outcomes. In addition, family education to become an expert at learning simple techniques in daily life can brining a sense of pleasure for long life wellbeing.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The psychosocial rehabilitation of the offending psychiatric patients: Looking the good practices
Authors: Riolo A. , Battiston C. , Lusina A. , Sindici C. , Albert U. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe Italian law 81/2014 has given a strong push to the design of therapeutic-rehabilitative paths for psychiatric patients who are offenders. This innovation requires a constant organizational effort on the part of mental health services to enforce the law. The rehabilitation team is represented by different professionals like psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, psychiatric rehabilitation technicians, educators, social workers and others. They must be able to work in an integrated way among them and with private social sector.ObjectivesIt is in our interest to reach an agreement between different professionals working in the rehabilitation-forensic field about good practices.MethodsWe have prepared a survey to identify good practices in the field of psychosocial rehabilitation of the offender psychiatric patient, involving different professionals who have expertise.ResultsThis audit revealed, in everybody’s opinion, that these offending citizens have received a security measure capable of having greater control over their actions in a therapeutic-rehabilitative perspective but it is fundamental to educate them also to exercise their own safety for a social shared culture. Ensuring the safety of the offender during the therapeutic-rehabilitative path is as important as responding to a society’s need for social security.ConclusionsSatisfying a society’s need for security, established by the Judge and the Law, all this cannot separated from the active exercise of security of the offending psychiatric patient towards himself, through psychoeducation. The safety towards others and towards oneself can constitute a good practice in the field of psychosocial rehabilitation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Schizophrenia: Four new hypotheses
Authors: Jorge B. , Fernandes C. Pedro , Mangas M. , Carvalho J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder. Affecting social, emotional, perceptive, and cognitive domains, its clinical phenotype can be subdivided into positive and negative symptoms, and those of cognitive impairment. As the knowledge base behind the social and environmental origins accumulates, the etiological and neuropathophysiological mechanisms behind them remain elusive.ObjectivesTo review the latest developments in potential etiological hypotheses linked to schizophrenia.MethodsA non-systematic review was performed, searching Pubmed for articles published between the years of 2019 and 2020.Results
(1) Common genetic variants alter brain glycosylation and may play a fundamental role in the development of schizophrenia. The strongest coding variant in schizophrenia is a missense mutation in the manganese transporter SLC39A8, which is associated with altered glycosylation patterns in humans, resulting in modification of a subset of schizophrenia-associated proteins. (2) Failure of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes to differentiate contributes to several of the key characteristics of schizophrenia, including hypomyelination and abnormalities in glutamate and potassium homoeostasis. (3) Diglossia was hypothesized as a risk factor, as it could constitute a neurodevelopmental insult. This relationship may be mediated by the reduced lateralization of language in the brain. (4) The first brain-wide resting state effective-connectivity neuroimaging analysis proposed going beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis, drawing attention to differences between back projections and forward connections, with the backward connections from the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex implicated in memory stronger in schizophrenia.ConclusionsThese novel insights may be a promising step in the right direction, presenting not only new approaches towards the complex pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but also eventual early interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Combined use of clozapine and cariprazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, is it a good choice?
Authors: Darriba H. Becerra 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTreatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects 30% of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and is defined as nonresponse to at least two trials of antipsychotic medication of adequate dose and duration. Clozapine is the only evidence-based treatment for TRS. Cariprazine may be considered significantly more efficacious than risperidone in improving negative symptoms of schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo describe the experience of using cariprazine in combination with clozapine in patients with refractory schizophrenia and negative symptoms.MethodsQualitative design. We present a case report study of a 47-year-old male with a diagnosis of TRS, treated in our outpatient mental health clinic for twenty years. The patient experiences crystallized delusional ideas of harm, self-referential, paranoid and mystical-messianic content, phenomena of theft and thought reading, egodistonic auditory hallucinations. No substance use disorder was observed. He made several suicide attempts in the context of intense suffering and psychotic anguish. Clozapine 400mg/day was instituted after no response to treatment with amisulpride, paliperidone, olanzapine or aripiprazole. The intensity of positive symptoms was reduced (experiences of damage, commenting and insulting auditory hallucinations, self-referentiality), as well as the emotional and behavioral repercussions. Persistent negative symptoms appeared such as apathy, abulia, clinophilia, anergy, social isolation, affective flattening, impairing his functionality.ResultsNeuroimaging and periodic blood tests results were normal. Oral cariprazine was added in ascending doses up to 4.5mg with good tolerance. The patient showed remission of apathy, enhancement of behavioral activation, socialization and motivation to perform occupational activities.ConclusionsCombinations of clozapine with partial agonists may improve the quality of life in refractory schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Management challenges in a schizophrenic patient with multiple brain abscesses: A case report
Authors: Naval M. Huete , Albarracin P. , Galeron R. , Herrero E. , Deike L. Gallego 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCerebral abscesses are rare, occurring in approximately 0.3–1 per 100 000 patients. Mortality rate still remains as high as 22%. Very few cases of acute psychotic episodes associated with brain abscess have been reported.ObjectivesTo present a case report of a patient with schizofrenia associated with multiple brain abscesses, focusing on clinical features and managing challenges.MethodsPresentation of a clinical case supported by a non-systematic review of literature containing the key-words “brain abscess”, “psychosis” and “schizophrenia”ResultsThis is a case report of a male 44-year-old patient with a known history of schizophrenia since the age of 18 and with multiple brain abscesses diagnosed 2 month ago. He was admitted to our inpatient service after discontinuation of her medication resulting in an acute psychotic episode. Antibiotic therapy with rifampicine, metronidazole, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was started. Also, administration of clozapine was initiated (up to 400mg/day) with partial improvement, so aripiprazole was added (up to 45 mg/day), with insufficient response. We suspected of a drug interaction between rifampicine (known potent broad inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes) and antipsychotic medication, so we decided to change aripiprazole to amisulpride 1200 mg/day, which CYP-catalyzed metabolism appears to be minor. A significant improvement in positive symptoms and mood was observed. The patient has since had no delusions or hallucinations and is living independently at home.ConclusionsThis clinical case highlights the possible association between brain abscesses and relapses in schizophrenia. It is of utmost importance to be aware for possible drug interactions between antibiotic therapy and antipsychotic medication.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Women substance use in india: An important but often overlooked aspect
Authors: Tripathi R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSubstance abuse has traditionally been considered as a disease of men. Women were believed to have some kind of immunity in terms of “social inoculation”. However, due to change in societal norms and beliefs, substance use is currently increasing among women also.ObjectivesTo focus on female substance use in IndiaMethodsIn India, traditional use of various substances by women during religious festivals is not unknown. Chewing tobacco is a common practice among many women across the country. Cultural use of alcohol has been known in some tribal populations but gradually the use is increasing. There is major difference in pattern of male and female substance use including initiation, progression, recovery and relapse. Women experience greater medical, physiological and psychological impairment and experience loss of control sooner than males. Teatment needs of female substance users is different and requires a gender specific comprehensive strategy which will require medical services, mental health services, services for family and child and employment opportunities.ResultsCurrently, there is no Indian policy for women substance use. However, Government of India has started a convergence program which includes National AIDS Control program (NACP), National rural health mission (NRHM) and reproductive or sexually transmitted infection (RTI/STI) to combat some aspects.Conclusions
India is in great need of a policy or at least a standard operative protocol for management of female substance use disorder which may include screening for substance use disorder for all females accessing health sector, counselling, referral to addiction services, formation of a treating team and after –care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The predictor role of metacognition and emotion recognition in internet gaming disorder among late adolescents
Authors: Aydın O. , Ünal-Aydın P. , Arslan Y. , Güçlü M. , Çakiroğlu S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionInternet gaming is acknowledged as a common leisure activity among adolescents yet only a little known about the pscyhodevelopmental roots. Emotion recognition and metacognition which are proved to be determinants in behavioral disorders may be considered salient factors in also internet gaming disorder (IGD).ObjectivesThe research to date has focused on psychological comorbidities rather than risk factors (e.g. dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, emotion recognition deficits), whereas, improved early intervention would be more likely if risk factors were well defined, especially before the onset of the illness. The objective of this study was to investigate these areas by analyzing associations between metacognitive beliefs, emotion recognition, and IGD among late adolescents with tendency for pathological gaming behavior.Methods806 high school students were recruited and instructed to take Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDT), Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (MCQ-C) and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test - Children’s Version (RMET).ResultsMean comparisons corresponding to IGD risk potential showed that positive meta-worry and superstitious, punishment, and responsibility beliefs of MCQ-C were significantly higher in the risky group, whereas; RMET neutral subtest was significantly higher in the non-risky group. Additionally, a positive correlation was found in all subtests of MCQ-C, RMET positive emotions and IGD. Regression analysis revealed that RMET positive subtest and positive meta-worry of MCQ-C predict IGD risk.ConclusionsThe findings of the study partially corroborated the early results found among early adolescents; however, they also indicated the requirement of distinct therapeutic approach for cognitive interventions of IGD in late adolescence period.DisclosureNo significant relationships.