bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Algorithms for Donning and Doffing Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Miranda Flávio Dutra , Almeida Marcus Vinicius Teixeira de , Salomé Geraldo Magela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction The prolonged or incorrect use of facial masks, respirators and glasses or visors results in friction, pressure and shear forces that constantly act on the facial skin, leading to lesions and dermatitis.
Objective To develop and validate algorithms to guide health professionals in the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and indicate preventive measures against skin injuries caused by inappropriate use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods For the develoment of the algorithms, an integrative literature review was performed using the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS. The algorithms were evaluated by 59 health professionals (nurses, doctors, and physiotherapists), using the Delphi technique. A content validity index (CVI) was used for the statistical analysis.
Results The experts classified the items of the algorithms from fully inadequate to fully adequate in the first round of consultations, and from partially adequate to fully adequate in the second round. The overall CVI values were of 0.83 and 1.0 in the first and second rounds respectively.
Conclusion The algorithms validated by the expert panel can be used by health professionals when donning and doffing PPE, and to prevent the facial-skin lesions caused by their use.
The dynamics of CO production from the photolysis of acetone across the whole S1 ← S absorption spectrum: Roaming and triple fragmentation pathways
Authors: Jacob L. S. D. , Lee K. L. K. , Schmidt T. W. , Nauta K. , Kable S. H. 
Published: February 2022

The unimolecular photodissociation dynamics of acetone spanning the entire S1 ← S0 absorption spectrum have been reinvestigated, with a focus on mechanisms that produce CO. At excitation wavelengths of λ &gt; 305.8 nm, all photoproducts are formed on the S0 state after internal conversion. A roaming mechanism forming C2H6 + CO is active in the window λ = 311.2–305.8 nm. From λ = 305.8 to 262 nm, little or no CO is produced with the photochemistry dominated by the Norrish-type I C–C bond cleavage on the lowest excited triplet state, T1. At higher energy (λ &lt; 262 nm), an increasing fraction of CH3CO radicals from the primary reaction have sufficient internal energy to spontaneously decompose to CH3 + CO. A new model is presented to account for the kinetic energy distribution of the secondary CH3 radical, allowing us to determine the height of the energetic barrier to CH3CO decomposition as 68 ± 4 kJ mol−1, which lies midway between previous measurements. The fraction of CO from triple fragmentation rises smoothly from 260 to 248 nm. We see no evidence of the return of roaming, or any other S0 reaction, in this higher energy region of the first electronic absorption band.
A peptide toxin in ant venom mimics vertebrate EGF-like hormones to cause long-lasting hypersensitivity in mammals
Authors: Eagles David A. , Saez Natalie J. , Krishnarjuna Bankala , Bradford Julia J. , Chin Yanni K.-Y. , Starobova Hana , Mueller Alexander , Reichelt Melissa E. , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Norton Raymond S. , Thomas Walter G. , Vetter Irina , King Glenn F. , Robinson Samuel D. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The targeting of mammalian ErbB receptor signaling by a venom toxin to cause hypersensitivity is a mode of action that has not previously been described. Natural selection of a defensive toxin to target ErbB signaling provides compelling independent evidence for a fundamental role of this receptor and its ligands in mammalian pain. The evolution of a toxin in ant venom to mimic a vertebrate nociceptive hormone serves as an example of both convergent evolution and molecular mimicry, illustrating how natural selection can shape the gene product of one organism to resemble that of another.
Spiritual over physical formidability determines willingness to fight and sacrifice through loyalty in cross-cultural populations
Authors: Tossell Chad C. , Gómez Angel , de Visser Ewart J. , Vázquez Alexandra , Donadio Bianca T. , Metcalfe Amanda , Rogan Charles , Davis Richard , Atran Scott 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Despite intermittent interest in and evidence of the importance of nonmaterial factors in war and other extreme forms of intergroup conflict, material factors such as optimal use of physical strength, manpower, and firepower remain the dominant concerns of US and allied military training, decision-making, and related academic literature. In this work, we demonstrate the cross-cultural primacy of personal spiritual over physical formidability on the will to fight in populations from the Middle East, Europe, and North America, including US cadets in whom stronger group loyalty mediates the effect. This empirical examination of spiritual formidability and its link between self and group in willingness to self-sacrifice aims to extend understanding of interpersonal and intergroup conflict and inform considerations of policy.
Prolactin-mediated restraint of maternal aggression in lactation
Authors: Georgescu Teodora , Khant Aung Zin , Grattan David R. , Brown Rosemary S. E. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Heightened intruder-directed aggressive behavior in female mice is displayed during lactation to enable a mother to protect her offspring. Although recent work has identified that the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus plays an important role in governing aggressive behavior, it is unknown how the changing hormones of pregnancy and lactation might regulate this behavior during specific reproductive states. Here, we show that prolactin-responsive neurons are activated during aggression and project to multiple brain regions with known roles in regulating behavior. Through neuron-specific and region-specific deletion of the prolactin receptor, our data reveal that prolactin is an important modulator of maternal aggression. By acting on glutamatergic neurons in the ventromedial nucleus, prolactin restrains maternal aggression, specifically in lactating female mice.
A flavin-dependent monooxygenase produces nitrogenous tomato aroma volatiles using cysteine as a nitrogen source
Authors: Liscombe David K. , Kamiyoshihara Yusuke , Ghironzi Jérémie , Kempthorne Christine J. , Hooton Kevin , Bulot Blandine , Kanellis Vassili , McNulty James , Lam Nghi B. , Nadeau Louis Félix , Pautler Michael , Tieman Denise M. , Klee Harry J. , Goulet Charles 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Aroma is an important factor in consumer perception and acceptance of fresh tomatoes and involves a cocktail of several dozen compounds. Tomato fruits produce uncommon nitrogen-containing volatiles derived mainly from the amino acids leucine and phenylalanine. These volatiles have strong positive correlations with consumer liking. We show that an enzyme active in ripening tomatoes is responsible for the production of all nitrogenous volatiles in tomato fruit, at the expense of substrates derived from cysteine and volatile aldehydes. This discovery defines a cysteine-dependent route to nitrogenous volatiles in plants, prompting a reconsideration of the impact of sulfur metabolism on tomato flavor and quality.
Poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline–modified bioprosthetic heart valve leaflets have enhanced biocompatibility and resist structural degeneration
Authors: Zakharchenko Andrey , Xue Yingfei , Keeney Samuel , Rock Christopher A. , Alferiev Ivan S. , Stachelek Stanley J. , Takano Hajime , Thomas Tina , Nagaswami Chandrasekaran , Krieger Abba M. , Chorny Michael , Ferrari Giovanni , Levy Robert J. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Heart valve disease affects millions, and since there is no effective medical therapy, surgical repair when possible—or more commonly, replacement—are the only treatments available. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV), the most frequently used valve replacements, are composed of heterograft tissue, typically fixed in glutaraldehyde, and prepared for human use either as surgically implantable devices or for transcatheter delivery. Protein-glycation limits the durability of BHV, contributing to device failure, often requiring reoperation after only a decade or less of functionality. This problem is addressed by modifying BHV leaflets with poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline, effectively mitigating glycation and serum protein infiltration and enhancing biocompatibility.
Periphrastic causative in West Circassian
Authors: Phelan Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper looks at a grammaticalized periphrastic causative construction in West Circassian. West Circassian is a polysynthetic language and expresses information largely through morphological means, which makes this construction all the more unusual. As interest in the complexities of polysynthetic languages grows, it is important to look at periphrastic strategies and syntactic operations in these languages beyond those governed by their morphosyntactic rules. Here, a causative construction based on the West Circassian ‘do’ exists alongside a highly productive morphological causative. Questions of how and why the appearance of such a construction is possible in West Circassian, but has not happened in closely related Abaza, are important and are a reminder that we should look beyond the complex morphosyntax of such languages to less studied and less conspicuous structures that can challenge our understanding of polysynthetic paradigms.
The peeling theorem with arbitrary cosmological constant
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Francisco , Senovilla José M M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A method for deriving the asymptotic behaviour of any physical field is presented. This leads to a geometrically meaningful derivation of the peeling properties for arbitrary values of the cosmological constant. Application to the outstanding case of the physical Weyl tensor provides the explicit form of all terms that determine its asymptotic behaviour along arbitrary lightlike geodesics. The results follow under the assumption of a conformal completion à la Penrose. The only freedom available is the choice of a null vector at the conformal boundary of the space–time (which determines the lightlike geodesic arriving there).
Radiative recombination in zinc blende ZnSe nanocrystals ion-beam synthesized in silica
Authors: Parkhomenko I , Vlasukova L , Komarov F , Makhavikou M , Milchanin O , Mudryi A , Wendler E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zinc selenide nanocrystals (NCs) were successfully synthesized in silicon dioxide (silica grown on a silicon wafer) by high-fluence implantation of Zn+ and Se+ ions with subsequent rapid thermal annealing at 1000 °C for 3 min. The high crystalline quality of the zinc blende ZnSe nanoclusters was proven by transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) reveals the recombination of excitons in ZnSe, which further indicates a good crystalline quality of the synthesized nanocrystals. PL analysis shows a strong coupling of phonons and excitons. The Huang–Rhys parameter of the longitudinal optical phonon in the exciton transition S is in the range of 0.6–0.7. Despite the excellent quality of the ZnSe NCs synthesized in silica, defect states inside the NCs or at the NCs/SiO2 interface with activation energies of 0.1–0.2, 0.45 and 0.67 eV play a crucial role in radiative recombination.
Effect of methane flow rate on gas-jet MPCVD diamond synthesis
Authors: Emelyanov A A , Pinaev V A , Plotnikov M Yu , Rebrov A K , Timoshenko N I , Yudin I B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper describes synthesis of diamonds by the method of gas-jet deposition with microwave activation of precursor gases. This method involves the use of a supersonic jet for delivering the components activated in the discharge chamber to the substrate located in the deposition chamber. A series of experiments was carried out with different amounts of methane supplied at a hydrogen flow rate of 8000 sccm. The obtained samples of diamond coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The temperature of the mixture and the intensities of H, CH, and C2 lines in the plasma of the discharge chamber were measured by optical emission spectroscopy. The values of pressure and temperature in the discharge chamber were used to estimate the composition of the mixture. Thus, the numerical dependences of the molar concentrations of CH3, CH, C2 and C2H2 on the initial concentration of methane have been obtained. These dependences are in qualitative agreement with the dependences of the intensities of H, CH, and С2 lines. The numerical-experimental study performed allows us to conclude that the optimal value of methane concentration in the supplied mixture for the gas-jet deposition method in the considered range of parameters is about 1%.
Critical cation–anion radius ratio and two-dimensional antiferromagnetism in van der Waals TMPS3 (TM = Mn, Fe, Ni)
Authors: Petkov Valeri , Ren Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional TMPS3 antiferromagnets, transition metal (TM) = Mn, Fe, Ni, are studied by high-energy x-ray diffraction and atomic pair distribution analysis over a broad temperature range. Results show that the compounds exhibit common average but distinct local atomic structure, including distinct distortions of the constituent TM–S octahedra, magnitude and direction of atomic displacements, TM–TM distances and TM–S–TM bond angles. The differences in the local structure may be rationalized in terms of the Pauling’s rule for the critical ratio of TM2+ cation and S2− anion radii for octahedral coordination. We argue that the observed differences in the local structure are behind the differences in the antiferromagnetic properties of TMPS3 compounds, including different magnetic anisotropy and Neel temperature.
Enhancement of thermoelectric performance in graphenylene nanoribbons by suppressing phonon thermal conductance: the role of phonon local resonance
Authors: Wu Cheng-Wei , Zhou Wu-Xing , Xie Guofeng , Chen Xue-Kun , Wu Dan , Fan Zhi-Qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Based on the method of non-equilibrium Green’s function, we investigate the thermal transport and thermoelectric properties of graphenylene nanoribbons (GRNRs) with different width and chirality. The results show that the thermoelectric (TE) performance of GRNRs significantly increases with decreasing ribbon width, which stems from the reduction of thermal conductance. In addition, by changing the ribbon width and chirality, the figure of merit (

Z
T

) can be controllably manipulated and maximized up to 0.45 at room temperature. Moreover, it is found that the

Z
T

value of GRNRs with branched structure can reach 1.8 at 300 K and 3.4 at 800 K owing to the phonon local resonance. Our findings here are of great importance for thermoelectric applications of GRNRs.
Improving mammography lesion classification by optimal fusion of handcrafted and deep transfer learning features
Authors: Jones Meredith A , Faiz Rowzat , Qiu Yuchen , Zheng Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. Handcrafted radiomics features or deep learning model-generated automated features are commonly used to develop computer-aided diagnosis schemes of medical images. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that handcrafted and automated features contain complementary classification information and fusion of these two types of features can improve CAD performance. Approach. We retrospectively assembled a dataset involving 1535 lesions (740 malignant and 795 benign). Regions of interest (ROI) surrounding suspicious lesions are extracted and two types of features are computed from each ROI. The first one includes 40 radiomic features and the second one includes automated features computed from a VGG16 network using a transfer learning method. A single channel ROI image is converted to three channel pseudo-ROI images by stacking the original image, a bilateral filtered image, and a histogram equalized image. Two VGG16 models using pseudo-ROIs and 3 stacked original ROIs without pre-processing are used to extract automated features. Five linear support vector machines (SVM) are built using the optimally selected feature vectors from the handcrafted features, two sets of VGG16 model-generated automated features, and the fusion of handcrafted and each set of automated features, respectively. Main Results. Using a 10-fold cross-validation, the fusion SVM using pseudo-ROIs yields the highest lesion classification performance with area under ROC curve (AUC = 0.756 ± 0.042), which is significantly higher than those yielded by other SVMs trained using handcrafted or automated features only (p < 0.05). Significance. This study demonstrates that both handcrafted and automated futures contain useful information to classify breast lesions. Fusion of these two types of features can further increase CAD performance.
Reducing MRI-guided radiotherapy planning and delivery times via efficient leaf sequencing and segment shape optimization algorithms
Authors: Snyder Jeffrey E , St-Aubin Joël , Yaddanapudi Sridhar , Marshall Spencer , Strand Sarah , Kruger Stanley , Flynn Ryan , Hyer Daniel E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. Extended treatment session times are an operational limitation in magnetic resonance imaging guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRIgRT). In this study a novel leaf sequencing algorithm called optimal fluence levels (OFL) and an optimization algorithm called pseudo gradient descent (PGD) are evaluated with respect to plan quality, beam complexity, and the ability to reduce treatment session times on the Elekta Unity MRIgRT system. Approach. Ten total patients were evaluated on this Institutional Review Board approved study: three with prostate cancer, three with oligometastases, two with pancreatic cancer, and two with liver cancer. Plans were generated using the clinical Monaco Hyperion optimizer and leaf sequencer and then re-optimized using OFL and PGD (OFL + PGD) while holding all IMRT constraints and planning parameters constant. All plans were normalized to ensure 95% of the PTV received the prescription dose. A paired t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance. Main Results. Plan quality in terms of dosimetric OAR sparing was found to be equivalent between the OFL + PGD and conventional Monaco Hyperion optimizer plans. The OFL + PGD plans had a reduction in optimization time of 51.4% ± 5.0% (p = 0.002) and reduction in treatment delivery time of 10.6% ± 7.5% (p = 0.005). OFL + PGD generated plans had on average 13.2% ± 12.6% fewer multi-leaf collimator (MLC) segments (p = 0.009) and 0.1 ± 0.1 lower plan averaged beam modulation (PM) (p = 0.004) relative to the Monaco Hyperion plans. Significance. The OFL + PGD algorithms more quickly generate Unity treatment plans that are faster to deliver than with the conventional approach and without compromising dosimetric plan quality. This is likely due to a delivery complexity reduction enabled by OFL + PGD relative to the Monaco Hyperion plans.
Radio-frequency biasing of ion acceleration grids with different propellants
Authors: Li Yifei , Tang Huan , Cai Guobiao , Fu Chencong , Wang Weizong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to ensure the space charge compensation of the plume, conventional ion thrusters need an additional neutralizer to release electrons. When a radio-frequency (RF) voltage is applied across the grid system instead of a direct-current voltage, the simultaneous extraction of ions and electrons is achieved, thereby a neutralizer is not required. In this paper, based on the non-uniform distribution of neutral gas density calculated using the angular coefficient method, the particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision method is used to thoroughly investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of particles and the grid system performance for different propellants (argon, krypton and xenon) in such an RF grid system. RPA and E × B probe are employed to measure the ion flux distribution functions (IFDFs) of RF ion thruster with RF biasing, which are used to compare with the simulations. The simulated linear relationship between the self-bias voltage and the RF voltage amplitude and the multi-peak behavior of IFDF under low RF frequency conditions are comparable with the experimental data. The simulated IFDFs compare well with the experiments with the deviation of energy peak position less than 7% and 10% from those by RPA and E × B probe respectively, indicating the effectiveness of the used model. Simulations show the RF grid system is able to realize the extraction of electrons for all three propellants, so as to achieve the plume neutralization without an external neutralizer through the spatial and temporal oscillations of the beams. Electrons pass through the grid twice (extracted from the upstream, and backflow from the downstream), bringing two peaks of electron current to the accelerator grid in one period. The thrust-RF voltage curves for all three propellants show obvious slope transition, when the perveance limit is reached. The low-energy ions in the plume are mainly generated by the electron impact ionization processes for Xe while by CEX collisions for Ar. A larger ion current density of Xe on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid, which may lead to possibly more serious erosions of grids, is found compared with those of Kr and Ar. This is mainly contributed by the larger density of electron impact ionization generated ions of Xe in the downstream because Xe propellant has a larger electron density and ionization cross-section.
Disruption prediction at JET through deep convolutional neural networks using spatiotemporal information from plasma profiles
Authors: Aymerich E. , Sias G. , Pisano F. , Cannas B. , Carcangiu S. , Sozzi C. , Stuart C. , Carvalho P.J. , Fanni A. , JET Contributors  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In view of the future high power nuclear fusion experiments, the early identification of disruptions is a mandatory requirement, and presently the main goal is moving from the disruption mitigation to disruption avoidance and control. In this work, a deep-convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to provide early detection of disruptive events at JET. The CNN ability to learn relevant features, avoiding hand-engineered feature extraction, has been exploited to extract the spatiotemporal information from 1D plasma profiles. The model is trained with regularly terminated discharges and automatically selected disruptive phase of disruptions, coming from the recent ITER-like-wall experiments. The prediction performance is evaluated using a set of discharges representative of different operating scenarios, and an in-depth analysis is made to evaluate the performance evolution with respect to the considered experimental conditions. Finally, as real-time triggers and termination schemes are being developed at JET, the proposed model has been tested on a set of recent experiments dedicated to plasma termination for disruption avoidance and mitigation. The CNN model demonstrates very high performance, and the exploitation of 1D plasma profiles as model input allows us to understand the underlying physical phenomena behind the predictor decision.