bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitization of Nd3+ Luminescence by Mn4+ in Mn4+, Nd3+ Codoped K0.5La0.5SrMgWO6
Authors: Liu Jin , Yang XiaoLiang , Zhao Yaoxiang , Xiao Siguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of Mn4+, Nd3+ codoped K0.5La0.5SrMgWO6 phosphors have been prepared by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. Under 468 nm excitation, near infrared emission bands centered at around 910 and 1064 nm are observed, assigned to the 4F3/2→4I9/2 and 4F3/2→4I11/2 transitions of Nd3+, respectively. The similarity between the excitation spectra in the 300–550 nm monitored at Mn4+ 697 nm emission and those monitored at Nd3+ 1064 nm emission as well as the lifetime shortening of Mn4+ emission with Nd3+ concentration increasing prove that the occurrence of the energy transfer sensitization from Mn4+ to Nd3+. In terms of the analysis results based on Dexter's theory and Inokuti‐Horayama model, it is believed that the dipole–dipole interaction plays a key role in the energy transfer process.
Embedding sustainability in risk management: The impact of environmental, social, and governance ratings on corporate financial risk
Authors: Landi Giovanni Catello , Iandolo Francesca , Renzi Antonio , Rey Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of corporate social and environmental evaluation on investors' risk perception to explore the potential market risk for public companies that adopt a sustainable and responsible corporate strategy. We referred to the triple corporate assessment according to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria to check whether ESG factors—meant to direct firms toward social and environmental needs—improve corporate market performance or trigger, among investors, a perception of “window dressing.” In doing so, we tested the impact of corporate social performance—proxied by an ESG assessment—on corporate financial risk using double risk measurement. We conducted a five‐year longitudinal study (fiscal years 2014–2018) of 222 companies listed on the Standard & Poor's index. The empirical findings show higher investor uncertainty regarding corporate sustainability performance, probably due to the misalignment of objectives between investors and investees. Indeed, an overall ESG assessment corresponds to higher systematic risk for firms, and a corporate environmental rating has an upward effect on the same risk dimension.
Time–frequency dynamics of error monitoring in childhood: An EEG study
Authors: Morales Santiago , Bowers Maureen E. , Leach Stephanie C. , Buzzell George A. , Fifer William , Elliott Amy J. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractError monitoring allows individuals to monitor and adapt their behavior by detecting errors. Error monitoring is thought to develop throughout childhood and adolescence. However, most of this evidence comes from studies in late childhood and adolescence utilizing event‐related potentials (ERPs). The current study utilizes time–frequency (TF) and connectivity analyses to provide a comprehensive examination of age‐related changes in error‐monitoring processes across early childhood (N = 326; 50.9% females; 4–9 years). ERP analyses indicated the presence of the error‐related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) across all ages. Results showed no error‐specific age‐related changes in the ERN and the Pe. However, TF analyses suggested error‐related frontocentral responses in delta and theta signal strength (power), delta consistency (intertrial phase synchrony), and delta synchrony (interchannel phase synchrony) between frontrocentral and frontolateral clusters—all of which increased with age. Additionally, the current study examines the reliability and effect size estimates of the ERP and TF measures. For most measures, more trials were needed to achieve acceptable reliability than what is commonly used in the psychophysiological literature. Resources to facilitate the measurement and reporting of reliability are provided. Overall, findings highlight the utility of TF analyses and provide useful information for future studies examining the development of error monitoring.
Waveform conversion and validation of transient magnetic field due to ESD using equivalent circuit of magnetic near‐field probe
Authors: Wang Jianqing , Kawamata Ken , Ishigami Shinobu , Ishida Takeshi , Fujiwara Osamu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith a 6 GHz band high resolution magnetic near‐field probe (XF‐R 3‐1) produced by Langer, the transient magnetic fields due to collision ESDs (electrostatic discharges) between metal balls at a charging voltage of 600 V were measured near the spark point to investigate a dipole radiation mechanism. In this study, as an object of considering the measured magnetic field waveforms, two different equivalent circuits of the magnetic near‐field probe are derived based on the probe response waveform observed by a TDR (time domain reflectometer) with a 10 ps rise‐time pulse and the probe reflection coefficient measured with a 26 GHz network analyzer. Waveform conversion formulae from the probe output voltage to the magnetic field are given. The validity of the conversion methods is verified by comparing the measured conversion waveforms and their frequency spectra in addition to the converted spectra by the Langer field correction curve with the calculated waveforms of the transient magnetic far‐fields from a dipole model consisting of image charge pairs and the Rompe‐Weizel spark resistance formula. The probe conversion formulae presented here are valid within the frequency range of the 6 GHz probe band, however, beyond the band the resonance peaks at multiple frequencies over 8 GHz appear on the spectra, which causes damping oscillations peculiar to the probe with multiple frequencies to the time domain waveform.
Calculations of complex chemical reaction equilibria using stoichiometric and non‐stoichiometric approaches in combination with arc‐length continuation
Authors: Binous Housam , Bellagi Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChemical equilibrium calculations—as they are required to evaluate the evolution limits of any reactive system—are fundamentally performed using either a reaction based stoichiometric (S) approach or a non‐stoichiometric (NS) method. One objective of the present paper is to check and discuss whether both methods lead to comparable solutions in the case of complex chemical equilibria encountered in high temperature and pressure combustion of hydrazine and propane and in steam gasification of glucose and cellulose. Within both calculation models various numerical methods can be used. We apply several techniques for each approach and discuss their easiness of implementation and usage, in particular when chemical equilibria are computed for reacting systems under a multitude of temperature and pressure conditions and feed compositions. In addition, we present a novel approach to perform sensitivity analyses based on a combination of S or NS methods and arc‐length continuation technique. For this purpose, three industrially relevant case studies are exposed: (1) synthesis of ammonia using the Haber process, (2) steam gasification of a typical biomass surrogate, glucose, and (3) steam gasification of cellulose. For all the above reacting systems, our results are benchmarked against their counterparts obtained either from the ubiquitous process simulator: ASPEN‐Plus® or from data available in the open literature.
Quantile based modeling of diurnal temperature range with the five‐parameter lambda distribution
Authors: Vandeskog Silius M. , Thorarinsdottir Thordis L. , Steinsland Ingelin , Lindgren Finn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiurnal temperature range is an important variable in climate science that can provide information regarding climate variability and climate change. Changes in diurnal temperature range can have implications for hydrology, human health and ecology, among others. Yet, the statistical literature on modeling diurnal temperature range is lacking. In this article we propose to model the distribution of diurnal temperature range using the five‐parameter lambda (FPL) distribution. Additionally, in order to model diurnal temperature range with explanatory variables, we propose a distributional quantile regression model that combines quantile regression with marginal modeling using the FPL distribution. Inference is performed using the method of quantiles. The models are fitted to 30 years of daily observations of diurnal temperature range from 112 weather stations in the southern part of Norway. The flexible FPL distribution shows great promise as a model for diurnal temperature range, and performs well against competing models. The distributional quantile regression model is fitted to diurnal temperature range data using geographic, orographic, and climatological explanatory variables. It performs well and captures much of the spatial variation in the distribution of diurnal temperature range in Norway.
Simplified modelling and pushover analysis of infilled frame structures accounting for strut flexibility
Authors: Akan Onur Deniz , O'Reilly Gerard J. , Monteiro Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeismic assessment of structures is often performed using their force–displacement capacity or pushover curve computed via non‐linear static analysis. However, these analyses' reliability depends on the numerical model's detail and its ability to capture salient failure mechanisms. Simplified analysis methods offer effective means of identifying structural deficiencies and provide analysts with a sound understanding of key structural characteristics, such as the strength hierarchy, status of the structural damage in terms of limit state exceedance or the progression of the inelastic mechanism, in addition to providing a method with which to check numerical analysis results. This work builds upon the existing literature for simplified analysis of moment frame structures and describes a simplified pushover‐based analysis procedure for infilled frame structures. Individual storey responses are obtained by combining the flexural resistance of the frame and accounting for the axial resistance of the infill (modelled as an equivalent axial strut) and the boundary frame members, assuming both systems work in parallel. Then, the displaced shape of the structure is iteratively calculated for a given base shear, which can be repeated until a pushover curve is obtained with relative ease. The proposed procedure is tested and evaluated versus other available methods by analysing several infilled reinforced concrete frames. It is shown that the method can perform simplified pushover analysis with a high degree of fidelity while improving over the other similar methods currently available.
Optimal arch forms under in‐plane seismic loading in different gravitational environments
Authors: Málaga‐Chuquitaype C. , McLean T. , Kalapodis N. , Kolonas C. , Kampas G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper is motivated by the renewed interest in space exploration and the need to provide structurally sound and resource‐efficient shielding solutions for valuable assets and future habitable modules. We present, implement and test a methodology for the preliminary design and assessment of optimal arch forms subjected to self‐weight as well as seismically induced loads. The numerical framework, built around a limit thrust‐line analysis, previously published by the authors, is summarized first. This is followed by a detailed account of the form‐finding algorithm for arches of variable thickness. Special attention is placed on the physical feasibility of our assumptions and the justification of the engineering inputs adopted. The newly form‐found arches achieve material efficiencies between 10% and 50% in comparison with their constant minimum‐thickness circular or elliptical counterparts, depending on the relative intensity of the seismic action. The influence of the initial input geometry and the stabilising presence of additional shielding material against extreme radiation are also evaluated with emphasis on the effects of low‐gravity conditions. Finally, a case study is presented and Discrete Element Models of constant and varying thickness arches (VTAs) are assessed under a set of representative ground‐motions on a lunar setting. The significant over‐conservatism of constant thickness arches (CTAs) is made manifest and potential improvements of the optimally found arch shape are highlighted. Although developed with extraterrestrial applications in mind, the results and methods we present herein are also applicable to terrestrial conditions when material efficiency is of utmost concern.
Interplaying coordination and ligand effects to break or make adsorption‐energy scaling relations
Authors: Brito‐Ravicini Alvaro , Calle‐Vallejo Federico 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe linear relations between adsorption energies are one of the cornerstones of contemporary catalysis in view of the simplicity and predictive power of the computational models built upon them. Despite their extensive use, the exact nature of scaling relations is not yet fully understood, and a comprehensive theory of scaling relations is yet to be elaborated. So far, it is known that scalability is dictated by the degree of resemblance of the adsorbed species. In this work, density functional theory calculations show that CO and OH, two dissimilar species, scale or not depending on the surface facet where they adsorb at Pt alloys. This peculiar behavior arises from an interplay of ligand and geometric effects that can be used to modulate adsorption‐energy scalability. This study opens new possibilities in catalysis, as it shows that surface coordination is a versatile tool to either balance or unbalance the similarities among adsorbates at alloy surfaces.
Coherent structures in turbulent mixed convection flows through channels with differentially heated walls
Authors: Wagner Claus , Wetzel Tim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe occurrence and shape of turbulent structures in mixed convection flows through a differently heated vertical channel are investigated in terms of thermally induced attenuation and amplification of turbulent velocity, pressure, and temperature fluctuations using direct numerical simulations. It is shown that the wall‐normal momentum transport is decreased and increased near the heated and cooled wall, respectively, and that this leads to a reduced and elevated production of turbulent velocity fluctuations in the streamwise velocity component in the aiding and opposing flow, respectively. The corresponding flow structures are smoother, faster and warmer in the aiding flow and aligned along the main flow, while the colder structures in the opposing flow are more frayed and less directed. The warmer flow structures in the aiding flow are overall more stable than the colder structures in the opposing flow. Besides, the study reveals that the position of the maximum temperature fluctuations moves toward the heated wall, so that the sweeps produced at the two walls are affected differently by the former. As a consequence, the distance and time period over which the fluctuations develop in the aiding flow are shorter than in the opposing flow. It is further shown that vortex structures oriented in the streamwise direction usually arise with an offset to the right or left above a sweep or an ejection, whereby the decreasing values of the correlation coefficients with increasing Grashof number indicate a weakening of the vortex structures. Since none of the evaluated vortex criteria, that is, the distributions of the vorticity, ‐ value or Rortex‐value correlate well with the evaluated minima of the pressure fluctuations, they do not allow a clear identification of the vortex structures. Finally, analyzing the budget of the turbulent kinetic energy it is confirmed that the velocity fluctuations are only indirectly influenced by the buoyancy force. Thus, the attenuation and amplification of the turbulent velocity fluctuations is reflected in the reduction and exaggeration of the Reynolds shear stresses in the aiding and opposing flow, respectively.
Design of chemically defined synthetic substrate surfaces for the in vitro maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells: A review
Authors: Zhou Ping , Qin Liying , Ge Zhangjie , Xie Biyao , Huang Hongxin , He Fei , Ma Shengqin , Ren Lina , Shi Jiamin , Pei Suying , Dong Genxi , Qi Yongmei , Lan Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential of long‐term self‐renewal and differentiation into nearly all cell types in vitro. Prior to the downstream applications, the design of chemically defined synthetic substrates for the large‐scale proliferation of quality‐controlled hPSCs is critical. Although great achievements have been made, Matrigel and recombinant proteins are still widely used in the fundamental research and clinical applications. Therefore, much effort is still needed to improve the performance of synthetic substrates in the culture of hPSCs, realizing their commercial applications. In this review, we summarized the design of reported synthetic substrates and especially their limitations in terms of cell culture. Moreover, much attention was paid to the development of promising peptide displaying surfaces. Besides, the biophysical regulation of synthetic substrate surfaces as well as the three‐dimensional culture systems were described.
Partial orthomorphisms and Latin squares based on parts of a group
Authors: Gagola Stephen M. , Gagola Stephen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA finite group of even order which has a cyclic Sylow 2‐subgroup is known not to possess an orthomorphism. Nevertheless, we prove here that if is the normalizer of a Sylow 2‐subgroup of such a group, then a partial orthomorphism exists on the set theoretic complement . Moreover, even though the multiplication table of is not a Latin square (because it is not closed), we identify necessary and sufficient conditions on which allow for elements of in this table to be changed out so that the resulting table becomes a Latin square.
Bias, Repeatability and Reproducibility of Liver T1 Mapping With Variable Flip Angles
Authors: Tadimalla Sirisha , Wilson Daniel J. , Shelley David , Bainbridge Gavin , Saysell Margaret , Mendichovszky Iosif A. , Graves Martin J. , Guthrie J. Ashley , Waterton John C. , Parker Geoffrey J.M. , Sourbron Steven P. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThree‐dimensional variable flip angle (VFA) methods are commonly used for T1 mapping of the liver, but there is no data on the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of this technique in this organ in a multivendor setting.PurposeTo measure bias, repeatability, and reproducibility of VFA T1 mapping in the liver.Study TypeProspective observational.PopulationEight healthy volunteers, four women, with no known liver disease.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T and 3.0‐T; three‐dimensional steady‐state spoiled gradient echo with VFAs; Look‐Locker.AssessmentTraveling volunteers were scanned twice each (30 minutes to 3 months apart) on six MRI scanners from three vendors (GE Healthcare, Philips Medical Systems, and Siemens Healthineers) at two field strengths. The maximum period between the first and last scans among all volunteers was 9 months. Volunteers were instructed to abstain from alcohol intake for at least 72 hours prior to each scan and avoid high cholesterol foods on the day of the scan.Statistical TestsRepeated measures ANOVA, Student t‐test, Levene's test of variances, and 95% significance level. The percent error relative to literature liver T1 in healthy volunteers was used to assess bias. The relative error (RE) due to intrascanner and interscanner variation in T1 measurements was used to assess repeatability and reproducibility.ResultsThe 95% confidence interval (CI) on the mean bias and mean repeatability RE of VFA T1 in the healthy liver was 34 ± 6% and 10 ± 3%, respectively. The 95% CI on the mean reproducibility RE at 1.5 T and 3.0 T was 29 ± 7% and 25 ± 4%, respectively.Data ConclusionBias, repeatability, and reproducibility of VFA T1 mapping in the liver in a multivendor setting are similar to those reported for breast, prostate, and brain.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Conceptualizing Culture and Creativity: Perspectives on Creativity by Japanese Secondary School Students
Authors: Karnilowicz Mizuno Cassie , Xu Lihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCreativity is generally considered a personal attribute, which is individualist and cognitive and less as a relational construct situated culturally and collectively. Past comparative cultural studies of creativity involving East Asian contexts focus on an individualist and cognitive perspective with relatively limited research investigating the cultural and collective aspects of creativity. This is a phenomenographic investigation of how creativity in the Visual Arts is conceptualized by Japanese adolescents. Participants included 14 students of Art and Shodo (Traditional Japanese Calligraphy) attending a co‐educational school in Tokyo. Students were interviewed individually or within a focus group to explore their understanding of creativity. Creativity in this context was associated primarily with “thinking” as a process rather than product‐orientated notions of creativity typical in the Western context. Our findings challenge understandings of creativity as a set of characteristics predominantly associated with tangible and quantitatively measurable cognitions regardless of context and suggest that understanding the richness of creativity should engage the socio‐cultural environment. In particular, Japanese cultural norms and language significantly influence how creativity is constituted and discerned. Students’ complex, varied, and personal conceptualizations of creativity were mediated through their experiences with traditional or non‐traditional art.
This is My Fairy Tale: How Emotional Intelligence Interacts with a Training Intervention in Enhancing Children's Creative Potential
Authors: Agnoli Sergio , Pozzoli Tiziana , Mancini Giacomo , Franchin Laura , Mastria Serena , Corazza Giovanni Emanuele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCreative potential is a set of multidimensional resources concerning the latent ability to produce original and adaptive work. Confluent theoretical models, in particular, stated that, in order to express creative potential in an effective way, resources should converge and interact efficiently. Within such a confluent framework, the present study explored whether the increase in specific cognitive resources defining creative potential during childhood, as induced through a newly developed training intervention based on the creation of fairy tales, could be affected by another constitutional dimension, that is, children’s emotional resources and, in particular, their trait emotional intelligence (EI). A total of 410 children from 3rd to 5th grade of primary school was involved in the study, equally divided in a training group and in a control group. Results showed that the fairy tale–based training protocol was effective in increasing children’s creative potential. More importantly, results showed that the training intervention was particularly effective in increasing the ability to generate original contents in children with low‐to‐medium trait EI levels. These findings showed that emotional intelligence is a central factor to be considered when exploring the efficacy of a training intervention aimed at increasing children’s creative potential.