bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jianghan Plain, the locale of China’s Great Flood four thousand years ago
Authors: Guo Li-Xin , Hsieh Meng-Long , Gorodetskaya Olga , Fan Zi-Hao , Chiu Shih-Ying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Yellow River Plain (YRP), being regarded as the cradle of Chinese civilization, is traditionally thought to be the locale of the Great Flood, a hazardous flood (or floods) tamed by Yu who started China’s first “dynasty”, Xia, at ~ 2000 BC. However, by integrating published archaeological data, we propose that the Great Flood in fact impacted the Jianghan Plain (JHP) along the middle course of the Yangtze River. The arguments include: (1) around the era of the Great Flood, the most civilized and populated society in East Asia, named the Jianghan society, was located around the JHP (then the habitation on the YRP remained limited); (2) the Jianghan society lived on river resources (e.g., shipping and rice growing) and was thus subject to flood risks; (3) the people in the Jianghan society were experienced in dredging moats/ditches for shipping and irrigation; (4) unlike the floods on the YRP that were characterized by dynamic sedimentation and channel avulsion, those on the margin of the JHP typically occurred with slow-moving water predictable in space. Here, the recorded method to contain the Great Flood, dredging channels to divert flood water, was feasible. By examining published speleothem paleo-rainfall data from multiple sites, we confirm that the JHP was dominated by a wet condition with frequent rainfall events since middle Holocene, which significantly turned dry after ~ 1850 BC. Given this, the uniqueness of the Great Flood and its impact are likely to have reflected an increase in land use on the JHP associated with the expansion of the Jianghan society, and the success in taming this flood was mainly due to the efforts of the society, not by luck.
Prediction and Validation of Circulating G-quadruplex as a Novel Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Jing , Ye Yingjiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
G-quadruplex (G4) is a special structure in DNA and RNA. It plays an important biological role in the formation of tumors via the Hoogsteen hydrogen base-pairing to form a planar array structure. G4 mutation prediction in the genome using bioinformatics revealed that the G4 quantity in SW480 cells was lower than that of the reference gene, but it was unclear how the G4 quantity was changed in the actual sample.
Methods
We detected the G4 content in cells via fluorescence and found that the G4 content in SW480 cells was significantly higher than that in NCM480 (p < 0.001). To further confirm the relationship between tumorigenesis and G4, we knocked out the TP53 gene in SW480 cells and found that the G4 content was decreased significantly by 64% (p < 0.001), indicating that the difference in G4 content was a key factor for distinguishing between normal and tumor cells.
Results
G4 was detected in serum samples from 27 normal and 27 CRC patients. The result showed that G4 was significantly increased (p = 0.006) in CRC patients by 1.94-fold. Subsequently, we evaluated the G4 model using ROC, with AUC = 0.91, and it was found to have excellent specificity and sensitivity.
Conclusion
Increased G4 is an important characteristic in CRC patients and has clinical application value as a novel biomarker.
Mixed Reality Simulation for Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Placement Training
Authors: Rochlen Lauryn R. , Putnam Elizabeth , Levine Robert , Tait Alan R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the advantages of simulation-based training, trainees are typically unable to view internal anatomical structures. This limitation can be overcome by using mixed reality (MR) wherein 3-D virtual anatomical images can be projected. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a MR trainer for peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) placement.
Methods: Sixty-two participants used projected images of arm veins to place a PIVC in a mannequin arm. Participants were evaluated using a checklist on their ability to successfully place the PIVC. Participants completed a survey to elicit demographic information and perceptions of the trainer. A follow-up survey at two-weeks assessed clinical experiences with PIVC placement since using the MR trainer.
Results: First attempt catheter placement was successful in 48 (77.4%) cases. Only 11 (17.7%) and 3 (4.8%) of participants caused ‘extravasation’ and ‘hematoma’ formation on their first attempt, respectively. Fifty-nine participants (95.2%) agreed that ability to see internal structures was useful, and 58 (93.5%, respectively) agreed that the interactivity promoted learning and that MR should be included in training.
Conclusions: Results of this study showed that use of a novel MR trainer for PIVC placement appears to provide an environment conducive to successful learning. Most participants were successful at PIVC placement on their first attempt and an overwhelming number found it helpful in identifying landmarks and confirming correct needle angles for insertion. Given the increasing emphasis on simulation training, highly immersive MR tools appear to offer promise to close the gap between classroom instruction and clinical experience.
Design of A Novel Wheel-legged Robot with Rim Shape Changeable Wheels
Authors: Fu Ze , Xu Hao , Li Yinghui , Guo Weizhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The wheel-legged hybrid structure has been utilized by ground mobile platforms in recent years to achieve good mobility on both flat surface and rough terrain. However, most of the wheel-legged robots only have one-directional obstacle-crossing ability. And during the motion, most of the wheel-legged robots’ centroid fluctuates violently, which damages the stability of the load. What’s more, many designs of the obstacle-crossing part and transformation driving part of this structure is highly coupled, which limits its optimal performance in both aspects. This paper presents a novel wheel-legged robot with rim shape changeable wheel, which has the bi-directional and smooth obstacle-crossing ability. Based on the kinematic model, the geometric parameters of the wheel structure and the design variables of the driving four-bar mechanism are optimized separately. The kinetostatics model of the mobile platform when climbing stairs is established to determine the body length and angular velocity of the driving wheels. A prototype is made according to the optimal parameters. Experiments show that the prototype installed with the novel transformable wheels can overcome steps with the height of 1.52 times of its wheel radius with less fluctuation of its centroid and performs good locomotion capabilities in different environments.
FDX1 is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker Related to Cuproptosis and Immune Infiltration for Patients with Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jiejia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to detect the correlation between the FDX1 (Cuproptosis-related gene) expression levels and overall survival, clinical characteristics, and immune infiltration for patients with KIRC.
Results
The FDX1 expression levels were lower in KIRC tumor tissues. The high expression of FDX1 was a positive prognosis factor since it had a significantly positive correlation with the overall survival of patients with KIRC. Also, the FDX1 expression levels had a negative association with the immune infiltrate levels and enriched effects on inflammation and immune signaling pathways.
Conclusion
FDX1 was a potential Cuproptosis-related prognostic biomarker for KIRC immunotherapy.
DDX58 deficiency leads to doxorubicin chemotherapy resistance by hindering Type I IFN signalling-mediated apoptosis in TNBC
Authors: Cao Shiyu , Li Yijie , Xiao Lin , Zhang Peichuan , Chen Hong , Shen Mengjia , Zhong Xiaorong , Luo Ting , Feng Ye 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks therapeutic targets for precision treatment, making cytotoxic chemotherapy still the primary treatment, but drug resistance often occurs. Unveiling mechanisms for TNBC chemoresistance and trying to reverse this process would undoubtedly improve the overall outcomes. Through three GEO datasets, we found that DDX58 gene was associated with pathological Complete Response (pCR) in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy. DDX58 is also known as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and then we verified that DDX58 with lower expression was associated with poor prognosis in TNBC. The knockdown and knockout (CRISPR/Cas9) of DDX58 could inhibit proliferation while promoting migration and invasion (P < 0.001) in TNBC cells. We further found that the DDX58-knockout (DDX58-KO) cells were resistant to doxorubicin (Dox) treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we indicated that double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) were significantly increased by Dox treatment, and then cell apoptosis was mediated by the activated RIG-I and the upstream Type I interferon (IFN) signalling pathway in TNBC. Therefore, the deficiency of DDX58 decreased Dox-induced apoptosis in TNBC cells. Finally, within the Dox treatment, we found that the deficiency of DDX58 inhibited tumour cells apoptosis, and the tumour growth inhibition rate (IR) of the DDX58-KO group (43%) was lower than that of the WT group (68%) in a xenograft BALB/c nude mouse model. Taken together, we demonstrated that DDX58 deficiency led to Dox chemoresistance of TNBC by inhibiting cell apoptosis in vivo and vitro. These results supply new insights into that DDX58 might increase the efficacy of Dox in TNBC, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for chemotherapy of TNBC.
Pathogen distrbution and drug resistance in acute, delayed and chronic periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective analysis of 202 patients
Authors: Chang Yu , Li Yongsheng , Jiang Kai , Lv Jing , Huang Jing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction To assist orthopedic surgeons to select appropriate antibiotics, this study identified the common microorganisms that caused PJI and their drug-resistant spectrum.
Methods. The clinical data of 202 patients with PJI after primary knee and hip arthroplasty from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the time of postoperative infection, the patients were divided into acute PJI group (25 cases), delayed PJI group (91 cases), and chronic PJI group (86 cases). The results of pathogen species, composition ratio, drug susceptibility tests were collected.
Results.The main pathogens of PJI were Gram-positive bacteria (58.91%, 119/202), and the positive rates of culture in patients with acute PJI, delayed PJI and chronic PJI were 32.00% (8/25), 62.64% (57/91) and 62.79% (54/86), followed by gram-negative bacteria (29/202, 14.36%) and fungus (4/202, 1.98%). Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus played an important role as well, followed by gram-negative bacteria (29/202, 14.36%) and fungus (4/202, 1.98%). Penicillin (81.25%), oxacillin (63.33%), erythromycin (61.17%) and clindamycin (48.35%) showed high antibiotic resistance rate in gram-positive bacteria. The drug-sensitivity to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and tigecycline was 100%. The drug resistance rate to carbapenems was low, ranging from 0 to 3.57%.
Conclusions. The main pathogens of PJI are Gram-positive bacteria, and the drug resistance rate of chronic PJI is higher than that of delayed and acute PJI.
Ranking of development degree of cities of Lorestan province of Iran by using numerical taxonomy
Authors: Afsahhosseini Fatemehalsadat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The regional imbalance might have harmful consequences. According to principle 48 of Iran Constitutional Law, the government is obliged to eliminate any discrimination in different regions (provinces and cities) in using natural resources and national capitals, provide context for the growth of all regions proportionate with talents by maintaining constructive competitive, distribute economic activities in different areas in an appropriate way and use the capabilities and relative advantages regarding the country regional and international role optimally. Lorestan province has the second grade of unemployment in the country and regional imbalance has harmful economic and social consequences.
Trends in the effects of ambient PM 2.5 concentration on mortality risk in Hong Kong, China
Authors: Liu Yanwen , Hebert Jay Thomas , Zhao Shi , He Daihai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Associations between levels of various types of airborne particulate matter such as ambient PM2.5 and short-term mortality risk have been studied extensively. A metric called daily exceedance concentration hours (DECH) has been proved useful with respect to better modeling and understanding of acute mortality risk associated with pollution in southern Chinese cities. Notably however, it is unclear whether the strength of the association is timedependent. The current study investigated this using a comprehensive dataset acquired in Hong Kong spanning from 1999 to 2019. The methodology and modeling employed were similar to those used in prior studies.
Methods
Generalized additive models with quasi-Poisson distribution links were fitted to varying periods of an overall time series. These models were then examined to identify changes in implied effects on mortality risk over time.
Results
The replicated methodology of prior studies resulted in fairly consistent, but much reduced relative effects of DECH levels on mortality risk across the disease groups. The model remained significant with the inclusion of newer datasets. When applying the model to sliding time-windows of data, the effective risk of mortality remained relatively constant despite significantly changing levels of pollutants, especially with regard to mortality risk among cardiovascular diseases. Modelling other cause groups using DECH metrics yielded similar results to those acquired using other air pollution variables.
Conclusion
The results of the study support the use of DECH as a mortality risk factor, particularly with respect to cardiovascular diseases, and the size of the association is fairly consistent.
Design and simulation of an enzymatically modified phosphatidylcholine micelle with caprylic acid using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Santos-Luna Dalia , Sixto-López Yudibeth , Bravo-Alfaro Diego A. , Cano-Sarmiento Cynthia , García Hugo S. , Correa-Basurto José 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Computationally simulated micelle models provide useful information in molecular biological sciences. One perspective to investigate the mechanisms of micelle formation is through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this study, we used the coarse-grained MD (CG-MD) simulation approach, and designed a model system of a micelle, formed by enzymatically modified phospholipids (PL). To perform the model simulation, we used a random mixture of PLs modified by phospholipase A1. This required enzymatic interesterification of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) with caprylic acid, along with purification and characterization by chromatographic techniques to determine the conformation of the esterified fatty acids and the corresponding phospholipid composition. The number of molecules used in the CG-MD simulation system was determined from the experimental critical micellar concentration (CMC) data. The simulation conditions, such as temperature, water and lipid concentration, were taken from the experimental settings. Our results showed that a micelle (elliptical vesicle structure) was formed within 150 ns. Moreover, the analysis confirmed that the stretched and elliptical structure was the best structure that could be formed. Our results confirmed that the modified PLs have a good tendency to form micelles depending on their geometric shapes and physicochemical properties. Finally, we propose that the simulated micellar structure as a simple model could be useful to design optimal and biocompatible nanoemulsions as possible vehicles for bioactive compounds.
Characteristics and predictors of short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Hong Wei-Cheng , Yin Chun-Hao , Hsu Chien-Wei , Chen Jin-Shuen , Chen Yao-Shen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high mortality when acutely exacerbated. However, the mortality may be higher in patients needing mechanical ventilation due to severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Hence, we performed a cohort study to investigate the predictors in these patients.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure, who had been treated with invasive mechanical ventilation or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). We included patients admitted to our hospital, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan, from January 2011 to December 2021. Multivariate logistic regression was used to conduct a nomogram for determining the predictors of short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality. Patients were excluded if they were aged below 20 years or had incomplete clinical or laboratory test data.
Results
We enrolled 384 COPD patients with acute respiratory failure and found that the short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 20% after ventilation in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Patients with age ≥ 70 years (P: 0.007, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.21, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.25–3.92), shock (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.39, 95% CI: 2.26–8.55), high serum lactate > 4 mmole/L (P: 0.008, aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.31–6.07), PaCO2 < 50 mmHg (P: 0.003, aOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.33–4.14), and NIPPV (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 2.29–7.84) were independent predictors for higher short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality rate in stepwise logistic regression analysis which showed significant predictive performance (c-statistic, 0.771; 95% CI, 0.712–0.830).
Conclusions
The established nomogram which is practical for clinical using with five significant factors showed impressive performance of mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Age ≥ 70 years, shock, high serum lactate > 4 mmol/L, PaCO2 < 50 mmHg, and NIPPV were associated with higher short-term 30-day in-hospital mortality rates in these patients.
Knowledge, utilization, challenges and factors associated with cervical cancer screening among female doctors and nurses at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: A cross sectional study
Authors: Theophil Timon , Balandya Belinda , Kunambi Peter , Wangwe Peter J , August Furaha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the leading gynecological malignancy in Tanzania accounting 59.1 new cases per 100,000 women (age-standardized to the world population) and mortality of 42.7 deaths per 100,000 (age-standardized to the world population) in 2018. Despite this burden, the cervical cancer screening uptake is not effective. Currently, the proportion of cervical cancer screening is 11% in Tanzania among women but there is limited data of cervical cancer screening uptake among female health care workers especially doctors and nurses whom screening practice among them might influence more screening uptake to the community since they are good messengers for disseminating health information to the community. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer, utilization, challenges, and factors associated with cervical cancer screening among female doctors and nurses.
Methods: This was a hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study, conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) from 1st August to 31st November 2021. The semi-structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on knowledge of cervical cancer, screening uptake and challenges toward cervical cancer screening. These data were self-report. The factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake were assessed using a multivariate robust poison regression model. A P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total number of 221 participants were involved in the study, 81.4% had good knowledge of cervical cancer and the proportion of self-reported utilization of cervical cancer screening was 29.9% (95% CI:23.9% – 36.4%). Lack of self-motivation toward screening (58.8%), tight work schedules (50.2%), and lack of perceived risk factors for cervical cancer (29.9%) were some of the challenges mentioned during the study. The adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) in the multivariate robust Poisson regression model revealed a lower level of education was associated with less likelihood to screen for cervical cancer compared to an advanced University level of education (cPR:0.54, 95% CI=0.33-0.91) with a P 0.02.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated good knowledge of cervical cancer among female doctors and nurses at MNH with poor uptake of cervical cancer screening. On-job training about the significance of cervical cancer screening and special screening program for health care providers are recommended.
The clinical study of glucocorticoid replacement therapy after unilateral adrenal adenomaresection by retroperitoneal laparoscopy
Authors: Ren Ruimin , Xie Liulei , Ma Ding , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate the need for glucocorticoid replacement (GR) therapy after retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma.
Methods This study included patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma after surgery, and the postoperative pathological results were adrenal cortical adenomas. 35 patients were evaluated, 12 males and 23 females. All patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopy successfully. Adrenal adenoma resection was divided into two groups according to whether hormone replacement therapy was used after surgery. One group was 28 patients who did not use hormone replacement after surgery (no hormone replacement group); the other group was 7 patients who received hormone replacement after surgery (hormone replacement group). Routine preoperative tests and adrenal related tests, basal serum cortisol, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), percentage of eosinophils and the number of eosinophils were determined in the morning within 3 days after surgery.
Results Before surgery, the two groups were no statistical difference (P>0.05)in gender, age, left and right sides of the tumor, maximum tumor diameter, hypertension, diabetes, heart rate, eosinophil percentage, eosinophil count, serum potassium, serum sodium, cortisol 8:00am,4:00pm,24:00pm, ACTH, renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone (recumbent/standing position). After surgery, the two groups had differences in the morning basal serum cortisol (cortisol 8:00am) and ACTH(F=25.037, P<0.001; F=12.033, P=0.001), while eosinophils were no difference in percentage and number of eosinophils between the two groups.
Conclusion After laparoscopic adrenal adenoma resection, the level of cortisol is low on the first postoperative day, but most of the adrenal cortisol responds well to ACTH stimulation. Cortisol on the second and third days after surgery is basically normal without hormone replacement. However, for the continuous low levels of cortisol and ACTH 3 days after surgery, supplemental hormones should be actively given in the early stage. Therefore, after unilateral adrenalectomy, continuously review the levels of cortisol and ACTH, and use glucocorticoid replacement therapy if necessary.