bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING GUIDANCE ON PATIENT RADIATION EXPOSURES IN TRANS-ARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLISATION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: Wong S Y , Foley S , Cantwell C P , Ryan R , Lucey J , Maher P , McNulty J P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance in trans-arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) procedures on the number of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) runs acquired and total patient radiation exposure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A retrospective, analytical cross-sectional, single institution, study was conducted. Dose data were compared across the control (DSA guidance alone) and study (DSA and CBCT guidance) groups. A total of 122 procedures were included within the study. There was a significant reduction in the number of DSA runs (3 vs 5, p &lt; 0.001) and DSA air kerma-area product (PKA) (3077.3 vs 4276.6 μGym2, p = 0.042) for the study group when compared to the control group. Total procedural PKA and total procedural reference air kerma (Ka,r) were shown to be 50 and 73% higher, respectively, for the study group when compared to the control group. CBCT imaging guidance does reduce the number of DSA runs and DSA PKA required to complete the TACE procedure for patients diagnosed with HCC; however, a substantial increase in total procedural PKA is to be expected and it is thus important that this increased dose is carefully considered and justified.
Low-dose silver nanoparticles plus methyl mercury exert embryotoxic effects on mouse blastocysts via endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Huang Chien-Hsun , Wang Fu-Ting , Chan Wen-Hsiung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The health and environmental impacts of the increasing commercial use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a growing concern. Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a potent toxin that biotransforms from mercury or inorganic mercury compounds in waterways and causes dangerous environmental contamination. However, the potential interactions and combined effects of AgNPs and MeHg are yet to be established. In the current study, we showed that low/non-embryotoxic doses of AgNPs and MeHg interact synergistically to induce embryotoxicity and further explored the underlying mechanisms affecting mouse embryo development. Notably, co-treatment with noncytotoxic concentrations of AgNPs (10 μM) and MeHg (0.1 μM) triggered apoptotic processes and embryotoxicity in mouse blastocysts and evoked intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was effectively blocked by preincubation with 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), a classic antioxidant. Further experiments demonstrated that ROS serve as a key upstream inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic processes in AgNP/MeHg-induced injury of mouse embryo implantation and pre- and postimplantation development. Our results collectively indicate that AgNP and MeHg at non-embryotoxic concentrations can synergistically evoke ROS, ultimately causing embryotoxicity through promotion of ER stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling cascades.
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory network governing terpene trilactones biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Ye Jiabao , Yang Ke , Li Yuting , Xu Feng , Cheng Shuiyuan , Zhang Weiwei , Liao Yongling , Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Lina , Wang Qijian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is currently the only remaining gymnosperm of the Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo genus, and its history can be traced back to the Carboniferous 200 million years ago. Terpene trilactones (TTLs) are one of the main active ingredients in G. biloba, including ginkgolides and bilobalide. They have a good curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases because of their special antagonistic effect on platelet-activating factors. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply mine genes related to TTLs and to analyze their transcriptional regulation mechanism, which will hold vitally important scientific and practical significance for quality improvement and regulation of G. biloba. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq on the root, stem, immature leaf, mature leaf, microstrobilus, ovulate strobilus, immature fruit and mature fruit of G. biloba. The TTL regulatory network of G. biloba in different organs was revealed by different transcriptomic analysis strategies. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the five modules were closely correlated with organs. The 12 transcription factors, 5 structural genes and 24 Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were identified as candidate regulators for TTL accumulation by WGCNA and cytoscape visualization. Finally, 6 APETALA2/ethylene response factors, 2 CYP450s and bHLH were inferred to regulate the metabolism of TTLs by correlation analysis. This study is the comprehensive in authenticating transcription factors, structural genes and CYP450 involved in TTL biosynthesis, thereby providing molecular evidence for revealing the comprehensive regulatory network involved in TTL metabolism in G. biloba.
Direct-to-Consumer Prenatal Testing for Multigenic or Polygenic Disorders: A Position Statement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)
Authors:   ACMG Board of Directors
Published: May 2022

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2021:23:2027–2028)
The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recently updated its position statement on direct-to-consumer (DTC) prenatal testing for multigenic or polygenic disorders. The ACMG recommends that prenatal testing for these disorders is not ready for use in the clinic and should not be offered as DTC testing.
Intrinsic or Invisible? An Audit of CanMEDS Roles in Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: LoGiudice Andrew B. , Sibbald Matthew , Monteiro Sandra , Sherbino Jonathan , Keuhl Amy , Norman Geoffrey R. , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Postgraduate medical education in Canada has quickly transformed to a competency-based model featuring new entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and associated milestones. It remains unclear, however, how these milestones are distributed between the central medical expert role and 6 intrinsic roles of the larger CanMEDS competency framework. A document review was thus conducted to measure how many EPA milestones are classified under each CanMEDS role, focusing on the overall balance between representation of intrinsic roles and that of medical expert.

Method
Data were extracted from the EPA guides of 40 Canadian specialties in 2021 to measure the percentage of milestones formally linked to each role. Subsequent analyses explored for differences when milestones were separated by stage of postgraduate training, weighted by an EPA’s minimum number of observations, or sorted by surgical and medical specialties.

Results
Approximately half of all EPA milestones (mean = 48.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 45.9, 51.3) were classified under intrinsic roles overall. However, representation of the health advocate role was consistently low (mean = 2.95%; 95% CI = 2.49, 3.41), and some intrinsic roles—mainly leader, scholar, and professional—were more heavily concentrated in the final stage of postgraduate training. These findings held true under all conditions examined.

Conclusions
The observed distribution of roles in EPA milestones fits with high-level descriptions of CanMEDS in that intrinsic roles are viewed as inextricably linked to medical expertise, implying both are equally important to cultivate through curricula. Yet a fine-grained analysis suggests that a low prevalence or late emphasis of some intrinsic roles may hinder how they are taught or assessed. Future work must explore whether the quantity or timing of milestones shapes the perceived value of each role, and other factors determining the optimal distribution of roles throughout training.
Sensory neuron–expressed TRPC3 mediates acute and chronic itch
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Yutong , Limjunyawong Nathachit , Narang Claire , Jamaldeen Hanna , Yu Shimeng , Patiram Shivanie , Nie Hong , Caterina Michael J. , Dong Xinzhong , Qu Lintao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chronic pruritus is a prominent symptom of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and represents a huge unmet health problem. However, its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. TRPC3 is highly expressed in primary sensory neurons and has been implicated in peripheral sensitization induced by proinflammatory mediators. Yet, the role of TRPC3 in acute and chronic itch is still not well defined. Here, we show that, among mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, Trpc3 mRNA is predominantly expressed in nonpeptidergic small diameter TG neurons of mice. Moreover, Trpc3 mRNA signal was present in most presumptively itch sensing neurons. TRPC3 agonism induced TG neuronal activation and acute nonhistaminergic itch-like and pain-like behaviors in naive mice. In addition, genetic deletion of Trpc3 attenuated acute itch evoked by certain common nonhistaminergic pruritogens, including endothelin-1 and SLIGRL-NH2. In a murine model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), the Trpc3 mRNA expression level and function were upregulated in the TG after CHS. Pharmacological inhibition and global knockout of Trpc3 significantly alleviated spontaneous scratching behaviors without affecting concurrent cutaneous inflammation in the CHS model. Furthermore, conditional deletion of Trpc3 in primary sensory neurons but not in keratinocytes produced similar antipruritic effects in this model. These findings suggest that TRPC3 expressed in primary sensory neurons may contribute to acute and chronic itch through a histamine independent mechanism and that targeting neuronal TRPC3 might benefit the treatment of chronic itch associated with ACD and other inflammatory skin disorders.
Preterm Labor: A Comprehensive Review of Guidelines on Diagnosis, Management, Prediction and Prevention
Authors: Giouleka Sonia , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Kostakis Nikolaos , Koutsouki Georgia , Kalogiannidis Ioannis , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Importance
Preterm labor (PTL) is one of the most common and serious pregnancy complications associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term neurologic impairment in the offspring.

Objective
The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published major guidelines on diagnosis, management, prediction, and prevention of this severe complication of pregnancy.

Evidence Acquisition
A descriptive review of guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the World Health Organization, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the New South Wales Government, and the European Association of Perinatal Medicine (EAPM) on PTL was carried out.

Results
There is a consensus among the reviewed guidelines that the diagnosis of PTL is based on clinical criteria, physical examination, measurement of cervical length (CL) with transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and use of biomarkers, although there is disagreement on the first-line diagnostic test. The NICE and the EAPM are in favor of TVUS CL measurement, whereas the New South Wales Government mentions that fetal fibronectin testing is the mainstay for PTL diagnosis. Moreover, there is consistency among the guidelines regarding the importance of treating PTL up to 34 weeks of gestation, to delay delivery for 48 hours, for the administration of antenatal corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and in utero transfer to higher care facility, although several discrepancies exist regarding the tocolytic drugs of choice and the administration of corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate after 34 and 30 gestational weeks, respectively. Routine cesarean delivery in case of PTL is unanimously not recommended. Finally, the NICE, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the EAPM highlight the significance of screening for PTL by TVUS CL measurement between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation and suggest the use of either vaginal progesterone or cervical cerclage for the prevention of PTL, based on specific indications. Cervical pessary is not recommended as a preventive measure.

Conclusions
Preterm labor is a significant contributor of perinatal morbidity and mortality with a substantial impact on health care systems. Thus, it seems of paramount importance to develop consistent international practice protocols for timely diagnosis and effective management of this major obstetric complication and subsequently improve pregnancy outcomes.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the physician should be better able to identify the symptoms of established preterm labor; describe the recommended management strategies for preterm labor; and explain the prediction and prevention methods for the reduction of preterm labor rates.
Fosfomycin Prevents Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy in Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Carroll Timothy F. , Christie Alana L. , Prokesch Bonnie C. , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: May 2022

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2022;28:109–114)
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are common in menopausal woman. Reasons for rUTIs in this population include factors related to aging: hormonal changes, decreased immunity, and urinary incontinence.
The cognitive mechanisms of state transformation during the multi-state maintenance of visual working memory
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Liu Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisual working memory (VWM) system serves as a cornerstone for high-level cognition. The state-based models of working memory delineated a hierarchy of functional states. Memory representations in the passive state are robustly maintained while the active representations were effectively processed at the same time. The memory representations are dynamically transferred between the two states according to task demands; however, it was still unclear how the state transformation process implemented to achieve a perfect storage-dissociation. To explore the property of transformation process, we adopted a sequential presentation paradigm where two memory arrays were presented sequentially; that effectively directs memory items for retention in the two distinct states. We modulated the temporal context concerned with the state transformation process, presentation time of the second array and retention interval between memory arrays. These results indicated that state transformation reflected a consolidation process of memory representations from the active into the passive state; this transformation process is subject to cognitive control. Moreover, we found that sufficient temporal context facilitated a smooth state transformation, thus minimizing the memory loss. These findings lead to a further understanding for the storage mechanism of working memory representations during the dynamic processing.
Helminth egg derivatives as pro-regenerative immunotherapies
Authors: Maestas David R. , Chung Liam , Han Jin , Wang Xiaokun , Sommerfeld Sven D. , Moore Erika , Nguyen Helen Hieu , Mejías Joscelyn C. , Peña Alexis N. , Zhang Hong , Hooks Joshua S. T. , Chin Alexander F. , Andorko James I. , Berlicke Cindy , Krishnan Kavita , Choi Younghwan , Anderson Amy E. , Mahatme Ronak , Mejia Christopher , Eric Marie , Woo JiWon , Ganguly Sudipto , Zack Donald J. , Housseau Franck , Pardoll Drew M. , Elisseeff Jennifer H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe immune system is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of tissue repair. We developed a regenerative immunotherapy from the helminth Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) to stimulate production of interleukin (IL)-4 and other type 2-associated cytokines without negative infection-related sequelae. The regenerative SEA (rSEA) applied to a murine muscle injury induced accumulation of IL-4 expressing T helper cells, eosinophils, and regulatory T cells, and decreased expression of IL-17A in gamma delta (γδ) T cells, resulting in improved repair and decreased fibrosis. Encapsulation and controlled release of rSEA in a hydrogel further enhanced type 2 immunity and larger volumes of tissue repair. The broad regenerative capacity of rSEA was validated in articular joint and corneal injury models. These results introduce a new regenerative immunotherapy approach using natural helminth-derivatives.One-Sentence SummaryHelminth-derived soluble egg antigen regenerative immunotherapies promote tissue repair in multiple injury models.
Cardiac interoception is enhanced in blind individuals
Authors: Radziun Dominika , Korczyk Maksymilian , Crucianelli Laura , Szwed Marcin , Ehrsson H. Henrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlind individuals have superior abilities to perform perceptual tasks that rely on exteroceptive information, since visual deprivation is associated with massive cross-modal plasticity. However, it is unknown whether neuroplasticity after visual loss also affects interoception, i.e., the sensations arising from one’s inner organs that convey information about the physiological state of the body. Herein, we examine the influence of blindness on cardiac interoception, which is an interoceptive submodality that has important links to emotional processing and bodily self-awareness. We tested 36 blind and 36 age-and sex-matched sighted volunteers and examined their cardiac interoceptive ability using a well-established heartbeat counting task. The results showed that blind individuals had significantly higher accuracy in perceiving their heartbeat than did individuals in a matched sighted control group. In contrast, there were no significant differences between the groups in the metacognitive dimensions of cardiac interception or the purely physiological measurement of heart rate, thereby underscoring that the improved accuracy likely reflects a superior perceptual sensitivity to cardiac interoceptive signals in blind individuals. We conclude that visual deprivation leads to enhanced interoception, which has important implications for the study of the extent of massive cross-modal plasticity after visual loss, understanding emotional processing in blind individuals, and learning how bodily self-awareness can develop and be sustained in the absence of visual experience.
Accident and emergency (AE) attendance in England following infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron or Delta
Authors: Grint Daniel J. , Wing Kevin , Gibbs Hamish P. , Evans Stephen JW , Williamson Elizabeth , Bhaskaran Krishnan , McDonald Helen I , Walker Alex J. , Evans David , Hickman George , Mathur Rohini , Schultze Anna , Rentsch Christopher T , Tazare John , Douglas Ian J , Curtis Helen J. , Morton Caroline E , Bacon Sebastian , Davy Simon , MacKenna Brian , Inglesby Peter , Croker Richard , Parry John , Hester Frank , Harper Sam , DeVito Nicholas J , Hulme Will , Bates Chris , Cockburn Jonathon , Mehrkar Amir , Goldacre Ben , Eggo Rosalind M. , Tomlinson Laurie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is increasing in prevalence around the world. Accurate estimation of disease severity associated with Omicron is critical for pandemic planning. We found lower risk of accident and emergency (AE) attendance following SARS-CoV-2 infection with Omicron compared to Delta (HR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.30 – 0.51; P<.0001). For AE attendances that lead to hospital admission, Omicron was associated with an 85% lower hazard compared with Delta (HR: 0.14 (95% CI: 0.09 – 0.24; P<.0001)).Conflicts of InterestsNothing to declare.Funding statementThis work was supported by the Medical Research Council MR/V015737/1. TPP provided technical expertise and infrastructure within their data centrepro bonoin the context of a national emergency. Rosalind Eggo is funded by HDR UK (grant: MR/S003975/1), MRC (grant: MC_PC 19065), NIHR (grant: NIHR200908).
Population-based Oral Cancer Service Screening Disrupted by COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational and Simulation Study
Authors: Su Chiu-Wen , Liu Yen-Tze , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Chiu Han-Mo , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Hsu Tsui-Hsia , Shih Ming-Yueh , Su William Wang-Yu , Chen Sam Li-Sheng 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is important for understanding the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the missing opportunity for the early detection of oral cancer. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the existing population-based oral cancer (OC) service screening program in Taiwan.MethodsBefore and after COVID-19 pandemic design was used to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the reduction of screening rate, referral rate, and the effectiveness of this OC service screening. Data and analysis after pandemic covered non-VOC period in 2020 and VOC period in 2021 compared to the historical control before pandemic in 2019.ResultsThe screening rate decreased substantially from 26.6% before COVID-19 in 2019 to 16.7% in 2020 and 15.3% in 2021 after pandemic. The reduction of screening rate varied with months, being the most remarkable decline in March (RR=0.61, 95% CI (0.60-0.62)) and June (RR=0.09, 95% CI (0.09-0.10)) in 2021 compared with January. The referral rate was stable at 81.5% in 2020 but it was reduced to 73.1% in 2021. The reduction of screening and referral rate led to the attenuation of effectiveness of advance cancer and mortality attenuated by 4% and 5%, respectively.ConclusionCOVID-19 pandemic disrupted the screening and the referral rate and further led to statistically significant reduction in effectiveness for preventing advanced cancer and death. Appropriate prioritized strategies must be adopted to ameliorate malignant transformation and tumor upstaging due to deference from participation in the screening.FundingThis study was financially supported by Health Promotion Administration of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan (A1091116).