bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network design of stream gauges for water resources Assessement of Krishna basin
Authors: RAO D. V. L. N. , CHATTOPADHYAY S. N. , GOLE C. V. 
Published: February 2022

There are different types of network or stream gauging stations such as minimum, saturation and optimum network. In many cases, the network design. was done purely from the point of view of meeting a specific purpose. Those stations are continued thereafter to form part or national network.

In this paper the physical-statistical method combined with the zonal characteristics approach is applied to Krishna basin which is one or the principal river basins of India. The stream gauge network in Krishna basin is arrived at by considering the criterion or reliability of interpolation or stream flow data at intermediate locations and examination of its adequacy for long term and short term requirements. Stream gauge network of Krishna basin has been evolved for different sets of Conditions of variability and relative errors in this paper.
Radio refractive index associated with the onset phase of southwest monsoon
Authors: SHARMA R. V. , SUBRAMANIAN D. V. 
Published: February 2022

Variations of radio refractive index (RRI) over a coastal station, Bombay, in association with the onset phase of southwest monsoon during 1980 and 1981 have been studied. It is observed that RRI due to water vapour (Nm) shows a significant rise particularly at 900 and 850 mb levels about three weeks in advance of the arrival of monsoon at Bombay. Afterwards the index is to be more or less steady.
Whistler evidence of downward movement of ionization at low latitudes
Authors: DI.KSHIT S. K. 
Published: February 2022

The entire path of whistlers observed at our low latitude field station Nainital lies well within the upper boundary of the F-region. Large number of whistlers recorded during nighttime at Nainital show a smooth decrease in dispersion with time. This decrease in dispersion is interpreted in terms of corresponding decrease in the electron content of tubes of ionization. The computed result shows a downward flux of ionization at the base level of 500 km to be in the order of 2.8 X 108 electrons /cm2/sec.

It is also shown that the ambipolar diffusion alone cannot explain the transport of ionization in the topside F-region at low latitudes but some other processes such as E x B drifts are also important.
April evaporation in relation to subsequent monsoon rainfall in India
Authors: MASKE S. J. , SAMUI R. P. 
Published: February 2022

Monthly mean evaporation charts for the months March to May are examined year by year for the period 1965 to 1975 in relation to the behaviour of the subsequent monsoon rainfall in the country. April charts, in general, show two regions, one primary and other one secondary region of high evaporation belt in the years where the subsequent monsoon rainfall is normal over the country. The primary region of high evaporation extends from Gujarat to Andhra Pradesh through Maharashtra and adjoining Karnataka. It is found for both normal and deficient years. In most of the deficient years, viz., 1965, 1968 and 1972, the pattern changes substantially; the secondary region which extends from Rajasthan to Madhya Pradesh disappears from its normal position. No such change in the evaporation pattern is found in the months of March and May. Though secondary region disappears in April 1970 which was a good monsoon year yet there is no shrinking in total area coverage of high evaporation belt. It appears that secondary region has shifted towards west and forms a bigger region of high evaporation belt, in combination with the primary one.

April mean evaporation chart may, therefore, serve as a tool for precdicting the behaviour of the subsequent monsoon rainfall in the country.
Workplace Hazards in Orthopaedic Surgery Training: A Nationwide Resident Survey Involving Sharps-related Injuries
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Hudson Parke W. , Bowman James R. , Watson Shawna L. , Leddy Lee R. , Khoury Joseph G. , Patt Joshua C. , Tubb Creighton C. , Ames S. Elizabeth , McGwin Gerald , Ponce Brent A. , Razi Afshin E. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Surgical specialties are at an increased risk for occupational hazards, including sharps-related injuries. The objective of this study was to report the frequency of sharps injuries and evaluate which characteristics influence the number of injuries and reporting behaviors.

Methods:
A web-based, anonymous survey was available for 10 weeks to 46 US orthopaedic surgery residency programs (1,207 potential residents) participating in an education research collaborative. The survey was divided into the following areas: demographics, training and attitudes concerning occupational hazards, and sharps injuries and reporting. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the above variables on experiencing sharps injuries with significance threshold set at P < 0.05.

Results:
In this study, 518 surveys were included yielding a response rate of 42.9% (518/1,207). Nearly 80% of the residents recalled some form of safety training during intern orientation and 62% of the respondents felt that they received adequate occupation safety training specifically related to orthopaedic surgery. Four hundred seventeen residents (80.5%) experienced a sharps injury (mean 2.8). Nearly 20% of the respondents experienced ≥5 sharps injuries. Needle sticks (38.8%) were responsible for the greatest percentage of injuries, followed by Kirschner wires (33.6%), scalpel (22.5%), and bone (17.3%). Only 42% of the residents consistently reported all injuries. Reasons included feelings of no risk (63.1%), too much hassle (58.9%), embarrassment (14.5%), other (8.7%), forgot (5.8%), and unclear what to do (3.3%). Inadequate safety training specific to orthopaedic surgery (odds ratio, 2.32 [95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 4.46]; P = 0.012) and greater training seniority (odds ratio, 2.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 2.52]; P < 0.0001) were associated with acquiring five or more sharps injuries.

Discussion:
Sharps injuries are a prevalent and concerning reality for orthopaedic surgical trainees. Despite this common occurrence, only 42% of the residents always reported their injuries. Inadequate training specific to orthopaedic surgery and each subsequent year of postgraduate training are associated with increased sharps injuries.

Study Type:
Level III, retrospective observational survey
Association Between Preoperative Shoulder Strength and Clinical Outcomes After Primary Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Hao Kevin A. , Wright Thomas W. , Schoch Bradley S. , Wright Jonathan O. , Dean Ethan W. , Struk Aimee M. , King Joseph J. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
We aimed to determine whether preoperative shoulder strength predicts postoperative values and improvement in strength, range of motion (ROM), and outcome scores after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 264 shoulders with a minimum of 2-year follow-up after primary rTSA. Preoperative external rotation (ER) strength, supraspinatus strength, and abduction strength were analyzed to establish their correlation with postoperative values and improvement in strength, ROM, and outcome scores (Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Simple Shoulder Test, and the University of California, Los Angeles score). Multiple linear regression models were used to identify the preoperative shoulder strength measures that most affected postoperative outcomes and improvement in outcomes.

Results:
Preoperative measures of shoulder strength were positively correlated with all measures of postoperative shoulder strength, active abduction and elevation, and all outcome scores studied. On multivariate analysis, greater preoperative ER, supraspinatus, and abduction strength were significantly associated with greater corresponding postoperative values (P = 0.009, P = 0.041, and P = 0.008, respectively); however, they were also associated with less respective improvement (P < 0.001 for all) because the weakest patients tended to see the largest improvements. Notably, preoperative values of ER and supraspinatus strength exceeding 17.5 and 20.5 lbs were associated with a decline in their respective values postoperatively, but no limit was identified for ROM or outcome score measures. On multivariate analysis, reduced preoperative abduction strength was markedly associated with greater improvement in 3 of 4 ROM measures and 4 of 5 outcome scores.

Conclusion:
Preoperative shoulder strength, especially abduction strength, predicts superior postoperative outcomes and greater improvement in shoulder strength, ROM, and outcome scores after primary rTSA. However, a minority of patients with well-preserved strength may lose strength after surgery, and patients who are weaker preoperatively tend to see larger improvements in postoperative outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Ⅳ, prognostic study
Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ cao đến tính chất của bê tông chế tạo từ tro bay và silica fume
Authors: Phượng Đỗ Thị , Đức Vũ Minh 
Published: February 2022

Bài báo nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ cao đến một số tính chất của bê tông chế tạo từ cốt liệu tro xỉ nhiệt điện, chất kết dính từ xi măng poóclăng (OPC) và tro bay (FA), silica fume (SF). Thành phần hạt cốt liệu tính toán theo công thức Andersen. OPC được thay thế bởi 16,0 % FA và 5,3 % SF (theo khối lượng). Mẫu sau khi chế tạo, dưỡng hộ 7 ngày trong điều kiện tiêu chuẩn, sấy ở 100 oC trong 24 giờ rồi nung ở các cấp nhiệt 200, 400, 600 và 800 với tốc độ 5oC/ph, thời gian hằng nhiệt 2 giờ, rồi làm lạnh đến nhiệt độ phòng. Khối lượng thể tích và cường độ nén được xác định ở mỗi cấp nhiệt độ. Khi tăng nhiệt độ đến 800oC, mẫu HRC có khối lượng thể tích mất 2 % và cường độ nén còn lại 58 %. Phân tích kính hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM) chỉ ra sự thay đổi liên kết giữa đá xi măng và cốt liệu (ITZ) khi tăng nhiệt độ.
ESOPHAGEAL IMPACTION OF FERTILIZED DUCK EGG ALBUMEN (HARDENED BALUT WHITE) IN A TERTIARY GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN THE PHILIPPINES: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Claudio Emilio Raymund , Dealino Maria Angela , Dela Cruz Anna Pamela , Ong Kimberly Mae 
Published: February 2022

Background: This study described the clinical profile of patients who developed esophageal impaction after ingesting the hardened white portion (albumen) of a fertilized duck egg (colloquially termed balut).
Methods: A review of patients with foreign body impaction of hardened balut egg white was performed. These patients were admitted in the emergency room from November 2013 to November 2018. Clinical features analyzed included age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms, imaging performed, operative findings and complications.
Results: In all, 18 patients were included in the review. Seventeen were male with a majority in the 20- to 40-year-old age range. Dysphagia and neck tenderness were the most commonly presented symptoms and physical examination finding, respectively. Twelve cases were successfully extracted via rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia, while one case was resolved through spontaneous ejection. The most common site of impaction was at the cervical esophagus. One third of patients undergoing extraction had minor noncircumferential esophageal abrasions.
Conclusion: Ingestion of the entire hardened balut white can lead to esophageal impaction, necessitating admission and operative management. Young males are commonly affected. Due to its intrinsic characteristics as a foreign body, its removal can prove challenging. Push technique and extraction (both via piecemeal and wholly) were found to be effective, and when performed correctly, minimized complications. Nevertheless, this condition may be prevented with health education.
Past vs. Present
Authors: Yordanova Mihaila , Guth Stephan 
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries’ “culture” during the In 2016 project’s target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Evidence of episodic positive selection in Corynebacterium diphtheriae complex of species and its implementations in identification of drug and vaccine targets
Authors: Canário Viana Marcus Vinicius , Profeta Rodrigo , Cerqueira Janaína Canário , Wattam Alice Rebecca , Barh Debmalya , Silva Artur , Azevedo Vasco 
Published: February 2022

Background
Within the pathogenic bacterial species Corynebacterium genus, six species that can produce diphtheria toxin (C. belfantii, C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. rouxii, C. silvaticum and C. ulcerans) form a clade referred to as the C. diphtheria complex. These species have been found in humans and other animals, causing diphtheria or other diseases. Here we show the results of a genome scale analysis to identify positive selection in protein-coding genes that may have resulted in the adaptations of these species to their ecological niches and suggest drug and vaccine targets.

Methods
Forty genomes were sampled to represent species, subspecies or biovars of Corynebacterium. Ten phylogenetic groups were tested for positive selection using the PosiGene pipeline, including species and biovars from the C. diphtheria complex. The detected genes were tested for recombination and had their sequences alignments and homology manually examined. The final genes were investigated for their function and a probable role as vaccine or drug targets.

Results
Nineteen genes were detected in the species C. diphtheriae (two), C. pseudotuberculosis (10), C. rouxii (one), and C. ulcerans (six). Those were found to be involved in defense, translation, energy production, and transport and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and coenzymes. Fourteen were identified as essential genes, and six as virulence factors. Thirteen from the 19 genes were identified as potential drug targets and four as potential vaccine candidates. These genes could be important in the prevention and treatment of the diseases caused by these bacteria.
Aspiration Level of Undergraduates and Post Graduate Agriculture Students
Authors: Sharma Nedhi Rani , Naberia Seema , Vishal Takre , Venkata Harikrishna Yeragorla 
Published: February 2022

The focus on career and career preparation has long been a major component of secondary agricultural education programs. Aspiration can be defined as hope or ambition of achieving something. The occupational choices for agricultural students are many, varied and chosen based. The study was carried out in college of Agriculture, Jabalpur, JNKVV with the total sample of 120, level of occupational aspiration of undergraduate and postgraduate students were determined. The socio personal traits of the Undergraduate(UG) and Postgraduate(PG) result found that majority of the students enrolled were male for undergraduate and postgraduate, had attended the medium of school as hindi for both UG and PG, nearly half of the respondents fathers were in government services for both UG and PG, both UG and PG graduates majority mothers were housewives, family size was small(55%) for UG and 50.00 per cent medium family size for PG Students, and academic performance, UG and PG students had secured 1st division. The result concluded that in socio personal traits of both the undergraduate and postgraduate students had medium level of occupational aspiration i.e 53.40 and 51.60 respectively.
Hormonal Profile Evaluation in Swiss Male Mice Administered Lambda Cyhalothin and Extracts of Some Local Spices
Authors: Olubunmi Obulor Adetutu , Efioanwan Orlu Eme 
Published: February 2022

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the hormonal profile of Swiss male mice administered lambda cyhalothin and extracts of some local spices.
Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design using standard methods for analysis.
Location and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. GPS 4o47'50''N 6o58'49''E The study lasted for 35 days.
Methodology: Forty-two male mice were randomly selected into six (6) groups A-F (n=7/group). Group B were gavage Cyhalothin LCT) alone. Group C, D, and E were gavaged 10 mg/kg/bw of LCT and 20 mg/kg/bw/day of Tetrepleura tetraptera, Piper guineense, and Xylopia aethiopica respectively, while group F received 10 mg/kg/bw of LCT together with the combination of the three spices. All animals were allowed access to cool clean water and standard rat pellet ad libitum. Twenty-four hours to the termination of the experiment, feed was withdrawn from the animals. Blood samples for hormonal profile evaluation were collected through ocular puncture between the hours of 7:00 and 9:00am into plain sample tubes according to the approved protocol of blood collection techniques. Analysis for the quantitative determination of all androgens was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while statistical analysis was carried out using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and expressed as their respective units. Where significant differences were found, Pair-wise comparisons conducted with Tukey test using SPSS 20 software.
Results: Result showed a significant (P=0.05) decrease in the concentration of all androgens in group B animals treated with LCT alone. The level of these hormones were also reduced although not as low as the level in group B, with administration of the combination of all three spices in group F. This implies that the consumption of these spices might have had an antagonistic effect on the level of hormone produced when combined. Exposure to lambda cyhalothrin, affects reproductive hormones in males leading to infertility and other reproductive dysfunctions. Using spices such as tetrapleura tetraptera and Piper guineense singly as remedy can ameliorate the toxic effect of insecticide related hormonal changes under the guidance of a doctor or any healthcare professional. However, high and frequent intake of Xylopia aethiopica or the concomitant consumption of these three spices is not advised for males.
Comparison between Total Lymphocyte Count and C-Reactive Protein in Neonate with Meningitis in Neonatal Unit at Benghazi Children Hospital- Libya
Authors: Elgaroushi Negeia Imhamed Ali , Abdalrazi Wafa Saad , Eldgheili Fadwa A. Mansour , Lawgali Mohanad Abdulhadi Saleh 
Published: February 2022

Meningitis in newborn continue to be major cause of morbidity and mortality, particular in premature infant.
Incidence is 0.2 to 0.4\1000 live birth and higher in premature infant.
The sign and symptoms of meningitis are not specific and diagnosis depends on laboratory investigation.
Objective: To find the value of CRP in camper with WBC count in cases proved meningitis based on lumber puncture finding.
Design: Retrospective study, cross section study.
Setting: The neonatal intensive care unit at children hospital Benghazi.
Patient and Methods: 50 newborn infant with proved meningitis based on lumber puncture result (exclude all neonate with traumatic sample) treated in unit in period from January 2020 to November 2021 were included in this study.
Epidemiological data and investigation were obtained from the newborn medical chart.
TLC count <5000/cubic mm or>20000/cubic mm were consider abnormal.
CRP >10 consider high
Results: The total number of eligible newborn was 50 (28 males and 22 females) the mean of their age was 14.74 days.
All diagnosed to have meningitis based on Lumber Puncture result.
The TLC range from 3900 to 37000/cu.mm and the mean was 15150/cu.mm.
1 neonate out of 50(2%) had TLC>5000/cu.mm. and 10 neonate (20%) had TLC >20000/cu.mm.
While the remaining 39 (78%) normal range.
CRP range from 2.5 mg/L to as high as 285 mg/L.
33 neonate out of 50 (66%) were >10mg/L
Seventeen out of 50 newborns (34%) CRP were <10mg/L.
Conclusions: Compering with TLC, CRP is more reliable indicator for infection with meningitis and sepsis in neonate.
The Role of Hematological Indices in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Abd-Elfatah Saed Ahmed Mohamed , Mohmaed Allaithy Amany , Naseem Hussien Mohamed , El Said Ayman Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina - is an umbrella term for life-threatening situations that occur when the blood supply to the heart is altered due to destabilization of a previously stable atherosclerotic plaque. This alteration hinders the heart muscle from functioning properly and even could lead to death. This study aimed to identify the role of hematological indices in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 75 patients; they were divided into 3 groups each of them included 25 patients. Group I represent patients with myocardial infarction (MI), group II represents patients with unstable angina (UA) and control group included 25 subjects. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination and routine laboratory investigation. Patients also were subjected to electrocardiography, transthoracic echo Doppler and coronary angiography.
Results: Regarding hematological indices for prediction of MI, the ROC revealed: NLR ≥ 4.45 with sensitivity 96%, specificity 92%, Area under the curve 0. 99 and accuracy 94%. RDW ≥ 14.15 with sensitivity 96% specificity 72%, Area under the curve 0.973 and accuracy 84%. PLR ≥ 88.8 with sensitivity 96%, specificity 96%, Area under the curve 0.994 and accuracy 96%. MPV ≥ 9.65 with sensitivity 68%, specificity 52%, Area under the curve 0.646 and accuracy 60%. PDW ≥ 15.15 with sensitivity 96%, specificity 96%, Area under the curve 0.998 and accuracy 96%.
Conclusions: There is a high demand for a reliable, accessible, noninvasive, and hematological prognostic marker in ACS, which would identify patients of high cardiovascular risk in secondary prevention and tailor the therapy to their needs. The inflammatory processes play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis, destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and formation of clots on the plaque surface. There is a significance role of NLR, PLR, PDW, MPV, and RDW in the prognosis of ACS.