bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ethics of food sovereignty: discourses for transformative social change and community development practices by peasant movements
Authors: Cruz Daniel , van de Fliert Elske 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The food sovereignty movement is a global alliance of peasants aiming to create democratic, sustainable, and decentralized food systems. The radical strategy of the movement, aimed at promoting a global peasant identity and collective action for food systems’ transformation, is a community development endeavour that encompasses processes of social learning, community building, and community organizing. The food sovereignty movement provides relevant insights about the ethical challenges involved in building and mobilizing transnational solidarity. This paper explores the global food sovereignty movement of La Vía Campesina and two cases of local, farmer-led movements in India, namely Navdanya and The Deccan Development Society, through a constructivist qualitative case study methodological design. The paper analyses the ethical challenges experienced and explores the roles and responsibilities that community development workers play in facilitating transformative social change in the food systems. This paper demonstrates that the main challenge of building solidarity involves reconciling multiple visions and practice frameworks, through the respect of diversity and democratic choice. Finally, the paper highlights ethical considerations (such as overcoming binary logics), the crafting of community-led discourses, and pedagogical practices (such as Wisdom Dialogues), as key elements to guide community development workers to aid the facilitation of processes for identity building, conscientization, and collective action.
Obesity-Related Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Weight Gain Following First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Berenguer Juan , Jarrín Inmaculada , Bellón José M , Díez Cristina , Jiménez-Sousa María A , Roca Cristina , González-García Juan , Dalmau David , Olalla Julián , Herrero Carmen , Villarroya Francesc , Domingo Pere , Resino Salvador 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the association of obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (OR-SNPs) with weight gain after antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH).MethodsParticipants were ART-naive PWH from the Spanish HIV Research Cohort who started ART from 2014 onward and had blood/DNA deposited in the cohort Biobank. The primary outcome was change in weight at 96 weeks after starting ART. We genotyped 14 OR-SNPs from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of body mass index (BMI) loci. Changes over time in weight and BMI were studied using adjusted linear mixed models.ResultsA total of 1021 PWH were included. The mean weight gain over 96 weeks was 2.90 (95% confidence interval, 2.54–3.26) kg. Factors associated with higher weight gain were female sex, birth in sub-Saharan Africa, prior AIDS, CD4+ &lt;200 cells/µL, HIV-RNA &gt;100 000 copies/mL, negative hepatitis C virus serology, and use of tenofovir alafenamide. A significant association was found between ZC3H4 rs3810291 GG genotype and BCDIN3D/FAIM2 rs7138803 GG genotype polymorphisms and weight and BMI increase. The estimated adjusted mean (standard error [SE]) of weight gain was 4.26 (0.56) kg in ZC3H4 rs3810291 GG carriers and 2.66 (0.19) kg in AA/AG carriers (P = .007). Likewise the estimated weight gain at 96 weeks was 3.35 (0.29) kg in BCDIN3D/FAIM2 rs7138803 GG carriers and 2.51 (0.24) kg in AG/AA carriers (P = .020).ConclusionsGenetic factors may play a role in weight gain after ART initiation. Further work is needed to replicate our findings and understand how the identified SNPs lead to higher weight gain in this context.
Prediction of white-coat hypertension and white-coat uncontrolled hypertension using machine learning algorithm
Authors: Shih Ling-Chieh , Wang Yu-Ching , Hung Ming-Hui , Cheng Han , Shiao Yu-Chieh , Tseng Yu-Hsuan , Huang Chin-Chou , Lin Shing-Jong , Chen Jaw-Wen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThe detection of white-coat hypertension/white-coat uncontrolled hypertension (WCH/WUCH) with out-of-office blood pressure (BP) monitoring is time- and resource-consuming. We aim to develop a machine learning (ML)-derived prediction model based on the characteristics of patients from a single outpatient visit.Methods and resultsData from two cohorts in Taiwan were used. Cohort one (970 patients) was used for development and internal validation, and cohort two (464 patients) was used for external validation. WCH/WUCH was defined as an office BP of ≥140/90 mmHg and daytime ambulatory BP of &lt;135/85 mmHg in treatment-naïve or treated individuals. Logistic regression, random forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and artificial neural network models were trained using 26 patient parameters. We used SHapley Additive exPlanations values to provide explanations for the risk factors. All models achieved great area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), specificity, and negative predictive value in both validations (AUROC = 0.754–0.891; specificity = 0.682–0.910; negative predictive value = 0.831–0.968). The RF model was the best performing (AUROC = 0.884; sensitivity = 0.619; specificity = 0.887; negative predictive value = 0.872; accuracy = 0.819). The five most influential features of the RF model were office diastolic BP, office systolic BP, current smoker, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and fasting glucose level.ConclusionOur prediction models achieved good performance, underlining the feasibility of applying ML models to outpatient populations for the diagnosis of WCH and WUCH. Further validation with other prospective data sets should be considered in the future.
Strategic reprogramming of implantable cardiac monitors reduces the false-positive remote alert burden in a nurse-led service
Authors: Maines Massimiliano , Degiampietro Massimo , Tomasi Giancarlo , Poian Luisa , Cont Natascia , Peruzza Francesco , Moggio Paolo , Triglione Francesco , Giacopelli Daniele , Del Greco Maurizio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) can generate false-positive (FP) alerts. Although these devices have an extended programmability, there are no recommendations on their optimization to reduce not-relevant activations.
We tested a strategic programming optimization guide based on the type of FP and investigated the safety and feasibility of the nurse-led insertion of ICMs with a long-sensing vector.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients implanted by trained nurses with long-sensing vector ICM were enrolled in a 1-month observational stage (Phase A). Patients who had ≥10 FP episodes underwent ICM reprogramming based on the predefined guide and were followed for an additional month (Phase B). A total of 78 patients had successful ICM insertion by nurses with a mean R wave amplitude of 0.96 ± 0.43 mV and an 86% P wave visibility. Only one patient reported a significant device-related issue, and nurse-delivered ICM was generally well accepted by the patients. During Phase A, 11 patients (14%) generated most of FP (3,627/3,849; 94%) and underwent ICM reprogramming. In the following month (Phase B), five patients (45%) were free from FP and six (55%) transmitted 57 FP alerts (98% reduction compared with Phase A). The median number of FP per patient was significantly reduced after reprogramming [195 (interquartile range, 50–311) vs. one (0–10), P = 0.0002].

Conclusion
A strategic reprogramming of ICM in those patients with a high FP alert burden reduces the volume of erroneous activations with potential benefits for the remote monitoring service. No concerns were raised regarding nurse-led insertion of ICMs with a long-sensing vector.
Immunomodulators: still having a role?
Authors: Venner Jeffery M , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImmunomodulators, particularly the thiopurines and to a lesser extent methotrexate, were standard of care for inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, for &gt;40 years. While there has been a renaissance in available therapies with the advent of biologics and small molecules, an impetus remains for the ongoing use of thiopurines and methotrexate. This is particularly true for the maintenance of remission and when used in combination therapy with infliximab to suppress anti-biologic antibodies. This article summarizes the data behind immunomodulator use in Crohn’s disease, focusing on the beneficial role these drugs still have while acknowledging their clinical limitations.
Origins and Evolution of Human Tandem Duplicated Exon Substitution Events
Authors: Martinez-Gomez Laura , Cerdán-Vélez Daniel , Abascal Federico , Tress Michael L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The mutually exclusive splicing of tandem duplicated exons produces protein isoforms that are identical save for a homologous region that allows for the fine tuning of protein function. Tandem duplicated exon substitution events are rare, yet highly important alternative splicing events. Most events are ancient, their isoforms are highly expressed, and they have significantly more pathogenic mutations than other splice events.
Here, we analyzed the physicochemical properties and functional roles of the homologous polypeptide regions produced by the 236 tandem duplicated exon substitutions annotated in the human gene set. We find that the most important structural and functional residues in these homologous regions are maintained, and that most changes are conservative rather than drastic. Three quarters of the isoforms produced from tandem duplicated exon substitution events are tissue-specific, particularly in nervous and cardiac tissues, and tandem duplicated exon substitution events are enriched in functional terms related to structures in the brain and skeletal muscle.
We find considerable evidence for the convergent evolution of tandem duplicated exon substitution events in vertebrates, arthropods, and nematodes. Twelve human gene families have orthologues with tandem duplicated exon substitution events in both Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Six of these gene families are ion transporters, suggesting that tandem exon duplication in genes that control the flow of ions into the cell has an adaptive benefit. The ancient origins, the strong indications of tissue-specific functions, and the evidence of convergent evolution suggest that these events may have played important roles in the evolution of animal tissues and organs.
A family-based approach examining perceptions of an Australian TRYathlon series on children’s health and development
Authors: Caperchione Cristina M , English Madeleine , Sharp Paul , Stolp Sean , Wallace Lee , Harris David , Ashton John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Regular physical activity supports children’s physical and psychological health and wellbeing, and provides opportunities to build social and emotional skills such as resilience, confidence, and self-efficacy. Research has demonstrated that mass participant sporting events can serve as important social and environmental correlates of physical activity. This study sought to explore parents and children’s perceived motivations and perspectives of participation in the Australian Sanitarium Weet-Bix Kids TRYathlon (a non-competitive triathlon series), on children’s health and well-being. An exploratory qualitative design utilizing seven focus groups were conducted with 27 family units including 31 parents and 61 children (age 7–15 years old). Data were recorded, professionally transcribed and then analyzed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified, including (1) motivations for event and physical activity participation, revealing social interaction, peer support and friendly competition as motivators for participation as well as parents’ interest in supporting the development of healthy habits; (2) Perceived physical activity, fitness, and developmental benefits, detailing changes to the types of physical activity children performed as well as opportunities for children to develop physical skills and competencies; and (3) Perceived psychosocial benefits of participation, highlighting opportunities for children to develop and demonstrate independence and autonomy through event participation. Notably, parents and children identified benefits beyond immediate participation including increased family engagement and social support. Mass participant events hold the potential to elicit a range of benefits for children and their families; however, further efforts may be needed to engage less active or disengaged families.
Log Calabi–Yau Structure of Projective Threefolds Admitting Polarized Endomorphisms
Authors: Meng Sheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Let $X$ be a normal projective variety admitting a polarized endomorphism $f$, that is, $f^*H\sim qH$ for some ample divisor $H$ and integer $q&gt;1$. It was conjectured by Broustet and Gongyo that $X$ is of Calabi–Yau type, that is, $(X,\Delta )$ is lc for some effective ${\mathbb {Q}}$-divisor such that $K_X+\Delta \sim _{{\mathbb {Q}}} 0$. In this paper, we establish a general guideline based on the equivariant minimal model program and the canonical bundle formula. In this way, we prove the conjecture when $X$ is a smooth projective threefold.
Using a patient portal as a recruitment tool to diversify the pool of participants in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials
Authors: Yuh Tiffany , Srivastava Tuhina , Fiore Danielle , Schmidt Harald , Frank Ian , Metzger David , Momplaisir Florence 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minorities in the United States, who are underrepresented in clinical trials. We assessed the feasibility of using the University of Pennsylvania Health System electronic health record patient portal to diversify the pool of participants in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. The patient portal was used to send invitations to eligible individuals living in zip codes with high rates of racial/ethnic minorities. The 5614 invited consisted of 96.7% black, 1.3% Hispanic/Latinx, and 1.5% white. The overall response rate was 5.4%, with lower response rates among Black (3.8%) and Hispanic/Latinx (9.6%) as compared to white individuals (91.6%). Among respondents, black individuals had lower rates of interest in participating (26.7%), as compared to white (65.8%) and Hispanic/Latinx (71.4%) individuals. Of 115 respondents who expressed interest, 9 enrolled in the clinical trial, which included 6 black, 3 white, and 1 Hispanic/Latinx. During phone outreach to nonresponders and decliners, common reasons for declining included mistrust of the COVID-19 vaccine, underlying health conditions, and logistical barriers to trial participation. Because of low rates of patient portal account activation and use, compounded with vaccine hesitancy, this method yielded a small number of interested individuals.
BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice
Authors: Tian Peng , Liu Jiafan , Yan Baohui , Zhou Chunlei , Wang Haiyang , Shen Rongxin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a crucial class of plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development, thus affecting many important agronomic traits in crops. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the BR signalling pathway in rice. In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence to indicate that BR-SIGNALING KINASE1-1 (OsBSK1-1) likely represents a missing component in the BR signalling pathway in rice. We showed that knockout mutants of OsBSK1-1 are less sensitive to BR and exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype, including lower plant height, less tiller number and shortened grain length, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing a gain-of-function dominant mutant form of OsBSK1-1 (OsBSK1-1A295V) are hypersensitive to BR, and exhibit some enhanced BR-responsive phenotypes. We found that OsBSK1-1 physically interacts with the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1), and GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2 (OsGSK2), a downstream component crucial for BR signalling. Moreover, we showed that OsBSK1-1 can be phosphorylated by OsBRI1 and can inhibit OsGSK2-mediated phosphorylation of BRASSINOSTEROID RESISTANT1 (OsBZR1). We further demonstrated that OsBSK1-1 genetically acts downstream of OsBRI1, but upstream of OsGSK2. Together, our results suggest that OsBSK1-1 may serve as a scaffold protein directly bridging OsBRI1 and OsGSK2 to positively regulate BR signalling, thus affecting plant architecture and grain size in rice.
Why do immigrants become less happy? Explanations for the decrease in life satisfaction of immigrants in Germany over time
Authors: Yaman Firat , Cubi-Molla Patricia , Plagnol Anke C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate the life satisfaction (LS) trajectories of immigrants in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984 to 2015, we find that recently arrived immigrants are more satisfied with their lives than comparable German natives. However, their LS decreases more over time than that of their German counterparts; that is, we observe a negative years-since-migration (YSM)–LS association. We propose and test five possible explanations for this observation: (1) differential effects of declining health between natives and immigrants, (2) the stability of the YSM–LS association over time and across samples, (3) the effects of non-random sample attrition, (4) immigrants’ integration in German society, and (5) differences in the YSM effect across ethnic backgrounds. We find that the decrease in LS among immigrants over time is mostly explained by a combination of deteriorating health and an increase in the importance of health for LS. The extent to which immigrants’ LS changes over time in the host country partly depends on their country of origin. The results suggest that there is scope for policies targeted towards immigrants’ better utilisation of the healthcare system and their integration in host societies to improve immigrants’ LS.
Exposure to itraconazole influences the susceptibility to antifungals, physiology, and virulence of Trichophyton interdigitale
Authors: Carmo Paulo H F , Costa Marliete C , Leocádio Victor A T , Gouveia-Eufrásio Ludmila , Emídio Elúzia C P , Pimentel Samantha P , Paixão Tatiane A , Peres Nalu T A , Santos Daniel A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dermatophytosis is the most common human skin infection worldwide caused by dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum. Itraconazole (ITZ) is one of the main antifungals used to treat these infections. However, especially for onychomycosis, the treatment requires long-term regimens, increasing the possibility of drug resistance. We evaluated the effects of ITZ in the physiology, virulence, and interaction of T. interdigitale with phagocytes and mice cutaneous infection. In a screening test, fungal growth in the presence of ITZ led to the spontaneous selection of less susceptible T. interdigitale and T. rubrum strains. Interestingly, this phenotype was permanent for some T. interdigitale strains. Then, we studied three T. interdigitale strains: one susceptible and two ITZ-adapted. The ITZ-adapted strains were also less susceptible to the cell wall and membrane stressors, suggesting a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype associated with the increased ERG11 and MDR3 expression. These strains also presented substantial alterations in ergosterol content, lipid peroxidation, biofilm, and extracellular matrix production. During interaction with macrophages, ITZ-adapted strains were less engulfed but increased the intracellular oxidative and nitrosative bursts. In addition, ITZ-adapted strains presented a reduced ability to grow in a murine model of dermatophytosis, although causing the same tissue damage as the parental strain. In conclusion, the T. interdigitale ITZ adaptation increases tolerance to antifungals and alters the interaction with macrophages and a mammalian host. We hypothesized that successive exposure to ITZ may influence the emergence of adapted strains and lead to the recalcitrance of dermatophytosis.
Population study of astrophysical false positive detections in the southern plato field
Authors: Bray J C , Kolb U , Rowden P , Farmer Robert , Börner A , Kozhura O 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
For the upcoming PLAnetary Transits and Oscillation of stars (PLATO) satellite mission, a large number of target stars are required to yield a statistically significant number of planet transits. Locating the centres of the long duration observational phase (LOP) fields closer to the Galactic plane will increase the target star numbers but also the astrophysical false positives (FPs) from blended eclipsing binary systems. We utilize the Binary Stellar Evolution and Population Synthesis code, to create a complete synthetic stellar and planetary population for the proposed southern LOP field (LOPS0), as well as for a representative portion of the northern LOP field (LOPN-sub). For LOPS0, we find an overall low FP rate for planets smaller than Neptunes. The FP rate generally shows little variation with Galactic longitude (l), and a modest increase with decreasing Galactic latitude (|b|). The location of the LOPS field centre within the current allowed region is not strongly constrained by FPs. Analysis of LOPN-sub suggests a markedly increased number of FPs across the full range of planet radii at low |b| resulting in approximately twice the percentage of FP detection rate in the LOPN-sub compared to the corresponding southern field segment in the planet radius range −0.2 &lt; log (R/R⊕) ≤ 0.4. However, only a few per cent of fully eclipsing FPs in LOPS0 in this radius range have periods between 180 and 1000 d so the vast majority of FPs are expected to be outside the period range of interest for PLATO.
A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Responses in People With HIV
Authors: Chun Helen M , Milligan Kyle , Agyemang Elfriede , Ford Nathan , Rangaraj Ajay , Desai Shalini , Wilder-Smith Annelies , Vitoria Marco , Zulu Isaac 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
HIV infection is a significant independent risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and death. We summarize COVID-19 vaccine responses in people with HIV (PWH). A systematic literature review of studies from January 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022, of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in PWH from multiple databases was performed. Twenty-eight studies from 12 countries were reviewed. While 22 (73%) studies reported high COVID-19 vaccine seroconversion rates in PWH, PWH with lower baseline CD4 counts, CD4/CD8 ratios, or higher baseline viral loads had lower seroconversion rates and immunologic titers. Data on vaccine-induced seroconversion in PWH are reassuring, but more research is needed to evaluate the durability of COVID-19 vaccine responses in PWH.