bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Polystyrene Phantom for Quality Assurance of a Gamma Knife®
Authors: Choi Yona , Kim Eun San , Bahng Jungbae , Choi Sang Hyoun , Cho Gyu Seok , Kim Tae Hoon , Yang Hye Jeong , Seo Yeong Chan , Chun Kook Jin , Chung Hyun-Tai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: A polystyrene phantom was developed following the guidance of the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) for gamma knife (GK) quality assurance. Its performance was assessed by measuring the absorbed dose rate to water and dose distributions.
Methods: The phantom was made of polystyrene, which has an electron density (1.0156) similar to that of water. The phantom included one outer phantom and four inner phantoms. Two inner phantoms held PTW T31010 and Exradin A16 ion chambers. One inner phantom held a film in the XY plane of the Leksell coordinate system, and another inner phantom held a film in the YZ or ZX planes. The absorbed dose rate to water and beam profiles of the machine-specific reference (msr) field, namely, the 16 mm collimator field of a GK PerfexionTM or IconTM, were measured at seven GK sites. The measured results were compared to those of an IAEA-recommended solid water (SW) phantom.
Results: The radius of the polystyrene phantom was determined to be 7.88 cm by converting the electron density of the plastic, considering a water depth of 8 g/cm2. The absorbed dose rates to water measured in both phantoms differed from the treatment planning program by less than 1.1%. Before msr correction, the PTW T31010 dose rates (PTW Freiberg GmbH, New York, NY, USA) in the polystyrene phantom were 0.70 (0.29)% higher on average than those in the SW phantom. The Exradin A16 (Standard Imaging, Middleton, WI, USA) dose rates were 0.76 (0.32)% higher in the polystyrene phantom. After msr correction factors were applied, there were no statistically significant differences in the A16 dose rates measured in the two phantoms; however, the T31010 dose rates were 0.72 (0.29)% higher in the polystyrene phantom. When the full widths at half maximum and penumbras of the msr field were compared, no significant differences between the two phantoms were observed, except for the penumbra in the Y-axis. However, the difference in the penumbra was smaller than variations among different sites.
Conclusion: A polystyrene phantom developed for gamma knife dosimetry showed dosimetric performance comparable to that of a commercial SW phantom. In addition to its cost effectiveness, the polystyrene phantom removes air space around the detector. Additional simulations of the msr correction factors of the polystyrene phantom should be performed.
Establishing a prognostic model of chromatin modulators and identifying potential drug candidates in renal clear cell patients Introduction
Authors: Liu Puyu , Luo Jihang , Xu Jieyu , Tan Na , Li Chengfang , Yang Xiaorong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Renal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Advanced renal carcinoma has a low 5-year survival rate and a poor prognosis. More and more studies have confirmed that chromatin regulators(CRs) can regulate the occurrence and development of cancer. This article aims to investigate the functional and prognostic value of CRs in renal carcinoma patients.
Methods: mRNA expression and clinical information were obtained from the TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)database. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis were used to select prognostic chromatin-regulated genes and use them to construct a risk model for predicting the prognosis of renal cancer. Differences in prognosis between high-risk and low-risk groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between chromatin regulators and tumor immune infiltration, and explored differences in drug sensitivity between different risk groups.
Results: We constructed a model consisting of 11 CRs to predict the prognosis of renal cancer patients, and not only successfully validated its feasibility, but we also found that the 11 CR-based model was an independent prognostic factor. Functional analysis showed that CRs were mainly enriched in cancer development-related signaling pathways. We also found through the TIMER database that CR-based models were also associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints.At the same time, the GDSC(The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database)database was used to analyze the commonly used drugs of KIRC(Renal clear cell carcinoma) patients. It was found that patients in the low-risk group were sensitive to drugs such as axitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, and gemcitabine, while those in the high-risk group may be sensitive to sunitinib.
Conclusion: The chromatin regulator-related prognostic model we constructed can be used to assess the prognostic risk of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The results of this study can bring new ideas for targeted therapy of clear cell renal carcinoma, helping doctors to take corresponding measures in advance for patients with different risks.
Financial issues in times of a COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Mali
Authors: Ridde Valéry , Coulibaly Abdou , Touré Laurence , Ba Faly , Zinszer Kate , Bonnet Emmanuel , Honda Ayako 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Health systems in many West African countries have suffered due to low public spending on health. Further, the requirement for high out-of-pocket payments by healthcare users accessing care has raised concerns about equitable access to COVID-19-related services. This study examines how the functioning of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic was affected by the government financing response to the pandemic, which itself is underpinned by existing healthcare financing systems. The analysis focuses on the key actor groups in healthcare service delivery, both providers and recipients of healthcare services at a tertiary hospital in Mali.
Methods
The study applied a single case study design. The case study was undertaken at a tertiary hospital in the Malian capital, Bamako, during the 1st and 2nd waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were gathered through a total of 51 in-depth interviews with hospital staff, participatory observation, and the review of media articles and hospital financial records. Thematic analysis using pre-coded themes was applied. The study results were presented to hospital management to confirm the validity of the data analysis.
Results
The study highlighted the disruptions experienced by hospital managers, human resources for health and patients in Mali during the early stages of the pandemic. While the government aimed to support universal access to COVID-19-related services, efforts were undermined by issues associated with complex public financing procedures and the hospital experienced long delays in the government transfer of funds. Additionally, the hospital suffered a decrease in revenue during the early stages of the pandemic. The challenges faced by the hospitals led to the delays in promised bonuses and payment of salaries to individual hospital staff members, which created potential for unfair treatment of patients.
Conclusions
Preexistent issues in healthcare financing and governance constrained the effective management of COVID-19 related services and created confusion at the front-line of healthcare service delivery. There is a need to reflect on hospital operations and human resource management in Mali and learn from the experience of COVID-19 to create an environment in which hospitals and their staff can deliver quality services and where patients can access healthcare services in times of need.
Association of aging with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats and treatment by cyclophosphamide combined with methylprednisolone Running title: Role of MP and CTX combination in the aging of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Xu Qingjie , Zhang Manka , Tang Ming , Li Zhouping , Liu Yin , Rao Zhiguo , Yang Keyu , He Xiaoxu , Ma Runlin , Xue Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:Aging is a natural process characterized by a progressive functional impairment and reduced capacity to respond adaptively to environmental stimuli.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)has been found to increase considerably with age.Immunosenescence,oxidative stress,abnormal shortening of telomeres, apoptosis, and epigenetic changes affecting gene expression have been proposed to contribute to the aging process,and aging-associated diseases.We used oxidative stress and immune senescence to identify the relationship between aging and pulmonary fibrosis(PF).In clinical studies,the combination of methylprednisolone(MP) and cyclophosphamide(CTX) has great benefits for patients with IPF,but the mechanisms involved in aging are not well understood.
Methods:PF rat models were induced by bleomycin(BLM) and treated with MP or MP/CTX combination.Transmission electron microscope, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to measure the morphology of PF.Malondialdehyde(MDA),myeloperoxidase(MPO),lutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were determined using commercial kits.T cells were analyzed with flow cytometry.
Results: We found that the combined use of MP and CTX can reduce collagen deposition,decreased the level of MDA,while increased the level of MPO and the activities of SOD and GSH-PX.Further,MP and CTX combination inhibited T cell senescence in lung tissues, such as decreasing CD4+CD27-CD28-cells.
Conclusions: Aging was associated with PF.The combination of MP and CTX improved the degree of PF by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting T cell senescence.These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which MP and CTX combination affects PF.
Distribution Dynamics and Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Radionuclides in the Farmland Soils Near Mining Areas in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Njinga Raymond L. , Tunde Ogundele L. , Adebiyi Adebayo S. , Olatunji Michael A. , Ayodele Olufemi P. , Christopher Olowookere J. , Kehinde Aladeniyi , Pereira Alcides , Muyiwa Arogunjo A. , Tshivhase Victor M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human exposure to ionizing radiation in the environment is mainly due to naturally occurring radionuclides in the soils, building materials and rocks, but the level may vary depending on the anthropogenic activities prevalent in each location. Presently, in Nigeria, there are concerns due to environmental health implications of all sorts of mineral mining and processing spreading across the southwestern states of the country. As a result, a total of 200 composite soil samples were taken in five states in the southwest of Nigeria, close to active mining sites at the rooting (0.2 m) and at deep planting zones (0.5 m) for analysis by gamma-ray spectrometry using NaI(Tl) detector. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the composite soil samples were determined to vary in the order of 40K > 232Th > 226Ra/238U for all locations. In contrast to the other locations, Olode and Igbokoda had average radium equivalent activities (Raeq) to be 1.6 and 1.8 times higher than the reference limit of 370 Bqkg− 1. The estimated excess life cancer risk values were lower than the 0.29 x 10− 3 global average value for soil by UNSCEAR and ICRP. A negative and low skewness value of 0.16 and 1.20 for 40K and 232Th were obtained in Olode and Sagamu. The kurtosis analysis of the activity concentrations was low and negative for soil at Itagunmodi for 40K and 226Ra/238U; Olode for 40K and 232Th; and Igbokoda for 226Ra/238U and232Th where mining activities are common. The variation in the obtained results has been attributed to different agriculture practices and artisanal mining operations in each location.
Real Time Textile Fabric Flaw inspection system using Grouped Sparse Dictionary
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Yan Benchao , Pan Ruru , Zhou Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fabric surface flaw inspection is essential for textile quality control, and it is demanding to replace human inspectors with the automatic machine vision-based flaw inspection system. To alleviate the time-consuming problem of sparse coding in detecting phase, this work presents a real time fabric flaw inspection method by using grouped sparse dictionary. Firstly, the over-complete sparse dictionary is learned from normal fabric images; Secondly, the learned sparse dictionary is grouped into several sub-dictionaries by evaluating reconstruction error. Finally, the grouped dictionary is used to represent image and identify flaw regions as they cannot be represented well, leading to large reconstruction error. In addition, a non-maximum suppression algorithm is also proposed to reduce false inspection further. Experiments on various fabric flaws and real-time implementation on the proposed vision-based hardware system are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed method. In comparison with other dictionary learning methods, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the running time significantly and achieve a decent performance, which is capable of meeting the real-time inspection requirement without compromising inspection accuracy.
Academic Vocabulary in Applied Linguistics Research Articles: A Corpus-based Replication Study
Authors: Matinparsa Hoda , Xodabande Ismail , Ghafouri Mohammad , Atai Mahmoodreza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the global spread of English as the lingua franca for academic publishing, non-native researchers and university students are constantly facing linguistic barriers including insufficient vocabulary knowledge in writing for publication. This persistent need motivated the development of a good number of corpus-based word lists for frequently used academic and technical words in research articles across disciplines. Nevertheless, despite its importance in corpus-based study of language for word list development, replication research has received far less attention in this line of inquiry. The current study aimed to address this gap and replicated two published studies that investigated the use of academic vocabulary in applied linguistics research articles. To this end, research articles published from 2010 to 2020 in 20 well-known journals in the field were collected, and a corpus with around 48 million words was compiled and analyzed. The findings indicated that academic vocabulary accounted for 11.46% of the corpus, which is similar and close to the reported coverage of the AWL in replicated studies. However, regarding the frequently occurring academic and non-academic content words, the findings showed considerable variation with respect to the results reported earlier. In light of these findings, the study highlighted the importance of replication research to test the reliability of corpus-based vocabulary studies that developed field-specific academic word lists. Finally, the study developed an updated version for applied linguistics academic word list, that might be regarded as a resource and guide for the vocabulary learning component of the relevant EAP programs in the field.
“Reasons for living” in patients with schizophrenia.
Authors: Flores-Medina Yvonne , Padilla Lorena Ortuño , Rosel-Vales Mauricio , Borja Cesar Celada , Saracco-Alvarez Ricardo , Mondragón-Maya Alejandra , Seubert-Ravelo Ana Natalia , Lozano Ruth Alcalá , Santana Erick Morelos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reasons for Living (RFL) are a construct allows identifying the reasons for not committing suicide. These reasons are based on significant aspects of life, on the commitment to some ideals which may inhibit the impulse of committing suicide. The present study aims to describe the RFL in a sample of chronic schizophrenia patients. Explore if RFLs are different among male and female patients and the possible relation with clinical the variables: duration of illness, suicide attempts and hospitalizations.
Method: Seventy patients with schizophrenia were assessed. The application of Reasons for Living Inventory (RFLI) and the structured interview for clinical and socio-demographic data was performed by a Psychology master’s degree research assistants and the lead investigator.
Results: The sample mean score was 3.8/ 3.8 cut-off point under which the presence of suicide risk is significant. Patients indicated as most important RFLs those included in the Survival and coping beliefs and Responsibility to family domains. Non-significant differences between groups were observed. No association was found between clinical data and RFLI scores.
Conclusion: Considering that the sample of the present study obtained high scores in Survival and coping beliefs and low scores in Fear of suicide as RFLs, thus reflecting an opposite response pattern to other high suicidal risk populations. We suggest that this construct could represent a protective factor for schizophrenia patients, including chronic patients with previous suicide attempts and high hospitalization rates, which were common variables, observed in clinical sample.
The Study of trade, investment, and global value chain on the fisheries gross domestic product in Indonesia: panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model approach
Authors: Sulistijowati Rieny , Yuliati Lilis , Komariyah Siti 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the indicators that play a role in the Indonesian marine and fisheries sector in its development towards GVC. The condition of the fisheries sector in Indonesia has not become a key sector even though it is a producer of capture fisheries, in addition to other threats in the form of communication, technology, and regulations that specifically hamper productivity. The research method used to achieve the research objectives is the panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) method. The variables involved in the research are GDP Fishery, Fish Production, Trade Openness, Export and Import of Fishery, GVC participation, Foreign Direct Investment, and Domestic Investment. The results of the PVAR estimation at lag 1 show that the variables that have a significant influence on Fishery's GDP are Fishery's GDP, Fish Production, GVC participation, and Domestic Investment. Thus, there is a need for an effective maritime policy to reduce the environmental impact of the development of coastal resources and preserve the diversity of fish production to face future threats. This is due to the constraints of international trade in the form of information or communication, technology and regulations.
JEL Classification: Q22, O47, P25, C33
The promising role of bacteriophage therapy in managing total hip and knee arthroplasty related periprosthetic joint infection, a systematic review.
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed A. , Hussein Sarah M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Total hip and knee arthroplasty periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses a management dilemma owing to the emergence of resistant organisms. Bacteriophage therapy (BT) was introduced as a promising management option for PJI. The current review aimed to demonstrate the role and safety of using BT as an adjuvant to treat PJIs.
Methods
A systematic search was performed through four databases (Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) up to March 2022, according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results
our systematic review included 12 case reports of 17 patients in which 18 joints (15 TKAs and three THAs) were treated. The patients' average age was 76.3 years, underwent an average of 4 previous surgeries. The most common organism was the Staphylococcus aureus species. All patients underwent surgical debridement; 13 were treated with bacteriophages (eight received cocktail and five received monophage therapy), while in one report (four patients), all received bacteriophage-derived lysin. All patients received postoperative suppressive antibiotic therapy. After an average follow-up of 13.5 months, all patients had satisfactory outcomes. No recurrence of infection in any patient. Transaminitis complicating BT was developed in three patients, needed stoppage in only one, and the condition was reversible and non-life-threatening.
Conclusion
BT is an effective and safe option for treating resistant and relapsing PJIs; Further investigations are needed to clarify some issues related to BT's best route and duration; furthermore, new ethical regulations should be implemented to facilitate its widespread use.
Key factor for the formation of a di-superatomic molecule composed of silver-based icosahedral superatoms
Authors: Miyajima Sayuri , Hossain Sakiat , Ikeda Ayaka , Kosaka Taiga , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Niihori Yoshiki , Iwasa Takeshi , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Negishi Yuichi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metal nanoclusters composed of noble elements such as gold (Au) or silver (Ag) are regarded as superatoms. In recent years, the understanding of Au-based superatomic molecules has gradually progressed. However, there is still little information on Ag-based superatomic molecules. In the present study, we synthesise two di-superatomic molecules with Ag as the main constituent element and reveal the three essential conditions for the formation and isolation of a superatomic molecule comprising two Ag13−xMx structures (M = Ag or other metal; x = number of M) connected by vertex sharing. The effects of the central atom and the type of bridging halogen on the electronic structure of the resulting superatomic molecule are also clarified in detail. These findings are expected to provide clear design guidelines for the creation of superatomic molecules with various properties and functions.
The law of surrounding rock deformation and surface settlement of shield tunnel passing through upper soft and lower hard rock
Authors: Yu Guangming , Zhang Yongyi , Bai Yinqiu , Lei Jun , Yang Zihan , Li Gang , Peng Bin , Kuang Lijun , Liang Guanwen , Luo Weiting , Chen Ze 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the rapid increase in the number of urban subway construction in China, the geological distribution encountered in the tunnel construction process is gradually diversified, especially when the excavation is carried out in the upper soft and lower hard formations, there are certain differences in the physical and mechanical properties of the tunnel palm surface, the surrounding rock and the distribution position of the soft and hard rock junction surface, which can easily lead to the occurrence of large deformation or even collapse of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. In order to study the deformation of surrounding rock and the change of surface settlement when the shield tunnel crosses the upper soft and lower hard strata, relying on the actual project of the shield tunnel crossing the upper soft and lower hard strata of Shenzhen metro line 13. Firstly, based on the molar stress circle theory and the theory of elastic mechanics, the influence of internal friction angle and cohesion on the surrounding rock stress is analyzed, and the first yield location and distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock stress of the upper soft and lower hard strata are divided based on the calculation formula of the surrounding rock stress; Secondly, the inclination angle of the soft and hard rock junction surface of the above soft and hard formations is α variable, and the MIDAS GTS NX numerical simulation software is used to set seven working conditions of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, and analyze the influence of inclination on the surrounding rock stress of the tunnel, the plastic yield position of the surrounding rock, and the deformation of the surrounding rock. Finally, the surrounding rock deformation and surface settlement monitoring data after the completion of the construction of the soft and lower hard strata in the Liu ~ Bai section of Shenzhen Metro Line 13 are summarized, and the numerical simulation is compared and analyzed to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation results, and the final research results can provide a certain reference for similar projects in the later stage.