bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life event stress is associated with blunted cardiovascular responding to both personally salient and personally non‐salient laboratory tasks
Authors: Howard Siobhán , Gallagher Stephen , Ginty Annie T. , Whittaker Anna C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLife event stress has been associated with blunted cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress. However, recent studies have suggested that blunted reactivity to stress only arises when the laboratory tasks are not personally salient to the individual. We re‐analyzed data from 136 healthy young adults where we had previously reported a negative association between life event stress and cardiovascular reactivity to two combined stressors. Participants completed a mental arithmetic task and a personally salient speech task, following a formal baseline period with Finometer‐assessed cardiovascular parameters. The reanalyses examined reactivity to the verbal mental arithmetic (personally non‐salient) and speech (personally salient) tasks separately and found that life event stress was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure reactivity, to both the personally non‐salient, β = −.20, p = .023, and personally salient stressors, β = −.24, p = .004. Life event stress was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure reactivity to the personally salient stressor only, β = −.20, p = .021, and was not associated with heart rate reactivity. This study provides evidence against the argument that blunted reactivity to stress emerges as a result of stressor context, with findings indicating that low reactors show lower reactivity to both personally salient and personally non‐salient stress.
Longitudinal stability and change in time–frequency measures from an oddball task during adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Malone Stephen M. , Harper Jeremy , Iacono William G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTime–frequency representations of electroencephalographic signals lend themselves to a granular analysis of cognitive and psychological processes. Characterizing developmental trajectories of time–frequency measures can thus inform us about the development of the processes involved as well as correlated traits and behaviors. We decomposed electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in a large sample of individuals (N = 1692; 917 females), assessed at approximately 3‐year intervals from the age of 11 to their mid‐20s. Participants completed an oddball task that elicits a robust P3 response. Principal component analysis served to identify the primary dimensions of time–frequency energy. Component loadings were virtually identical across assessment waves. A common and stable set of time–frequency dynamics thus characterized EEG activity throughout this age range. Trajectories of changes in component scores suggest that aspects of brain development reflected in these components comprise two distinct phases, with marked decreases in component amplitude throughout much of adolescence followed by smaller yet significant rates of decreases into early adulthood. Although the structure of time–frequency activity was stable throughout adolescence and early adulthood, we observed subtle change in component loadings as well. Our findings suggest that striking developmental change in event‐related potentials emerges through a gradual change in the magnitude and timing of a stable set of dimensions of time–frequency activity, illustrating the usefulness of time–frequency representations of EEG signals and longitudinal designs for understanding brain development. In addition, we provide proof of concept that trajectories of time‐frequency activity can serve as potential endophenotypes for childhood externalizing psychopathology and alcohol use in adolescence and early adulthood.
Benefits of and strategies to update premium rates in the US National Flood Insurance Program under climate change
Authors: Zhang Fang , Lin Ning , Kunreuther Howard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe United States’ National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has accumulated over $20 billion in debt to the US Treasury since 2005, partly due to discounted premiums on homes in flood‐prone areas. To address this issue, FEMA introduced Risk Rating 2.0 in October 2021, which is able to assess and charge more accurate and equitable rates to homeowners. However, rates must be continually updated to account for increasing flood damage caused by sea level rise and more intense hurricanes due to climate change. This study proposes a strategy to adopt updated premium rates that account for climate change effects and address affordability and risk mitigation issues with a means‐tested voucher program. The strategy is tested in a coastal community, Ortley Beach, NJ, by projecting its future flood risk under sea level rise and storm intensification. Compared with using static rates for all the properties in Ortley Beach, the proposed strategy is shown to reduce the NFIP's potential losses to the community from 2020 to 2050 by half (from $4.6 million to $2.3 million), improve the community's flood resistance, and address affordability concerns. Sensitivity analysis of varying incomes, loan interest rates, and conditions for a voucher indicates that the strategy is feasible and effective under a wide range of scenarios. Thus, the proposed strategy can be applied to various communities along the US coastline as an effective way of updating risk‐based premiums while addressing affordability and resilience concerns.
Differences in kinetic variables between injured and uninjured rearfoot runners: A hierarchical cluster analysis
Authors: Senevirathna Angela M. , Pohl Andrew J. , Jordan Matthew J. , Edwards William Brent , Ferber Reed 
Published: October 2022

Running is a popular form of physical activity with a high incidence of running‐related injuries. However, the etiology of running‐related injuries remains elusive, possibly due to the heterogeneity of movement patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different clusters existed within a large group of injured and uninjured runners based on their kinetic gait patterns. A sample of 134 injured and uninjured runners were acquired from an existing database and 12 discrete kinetic and spatiotemporal variables which are commonly associated with running injuries were extracted from the ground reaction force waveforms. A principal components analysis followed by an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. The results revealed two distinct clusters of runners which were not associated with injury status (OR = 1.14 [0.57, 2.30], χ2 = 0.143, p = 0.706) or sex (OR = 1.72 [0.85, 3.49], χ2 = 2.3258, p = 0.127). These results suggest that while there appeared to be evidence for two distinct clusters within a large sample of injured and uninjured runners, there is no association between the kinetic variables and running related injuries.
A Fluid-Structure Interaction Model on the Hydroelastic Analysis of a Container Ship Using preCICE
Authors: Wei Yujia , Tezdogan Tahsin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Commercial vessels have recently shown a common trend in increasing their sizes to meet the growing demand for transportation and operations. This trend may however result in more flexible or ‘softer’ hulls. The flexible hull structure reduces the ship natural frequency close to the wave encounter frequency, increasing the probability of resonance or high-frequency vibrations. Meanwhile, the resulting structural deformations from flexible hull could significantly affect the flow field and the hydrodynamic loads cannot be estimated accurately. Hence, it is important to treat a flexible hull and its surrounding flow field as an interacting system to predict a ship’s dynamic behaviour based on the hydroelastic theory. In this study, a novel fluid-structure interactions coupling scheme using the “preCICE” library to communicate with the fluid solver “OpenFOAM” and structure solver “calculiX” was first proposed to study the hydroelastic behavior of a container ship with a forward speed in regular waves. With the advantage of this numerical model, the flexible behaviour of this ship, such as its vertical bending displacement and corresponding bending moment can be quantified, and the “springing” and “whipping” responses can be calculated. It is believed that the present FSI model will exhibit more advantages over the traditional rigid-body methods currently used in the ship seakeeping field.
Simulation of a Vertical Riser System Composed of Two Pipes for Deep Sea Mining
Authors: Yamamoto Marcio , Yamamoto Joji , Masanobu Sotaro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Deep Sea Mining will require a vertical riser system to convey a slurry composed of the ore and seawater from the seafloor up to the floating platform. Then a second pipe shall be necessary to return this seawater to be discharged above the seafloor.
We carried out numerical simulation in the time domain, assuming a 4,000 m riser system composed of two rigid pipes with the same diameter and thickness. The numerical model has two separate pipes in side-by-side and tandem configurations regarding the platform’s forward motion. These two pipes are attached in the way they shall bend together. We assumed a current profile, irregular waves, and floating platform motion as external loads. Besides, we considered the three different boundary conditions for the bottom end of the riser, namely, (i) no equipment, (ii) 300-ton submerged pump, and (iii) 500-ton submerged pump attached to the bottom end.
We observed the Mathieu Instability in both configurations with no pump. For the cases with pumps attached to the bottom end, the Mathieu Instability did not occur because the pump’s wet weight kept the pipes tensioned throughout the whole simulation. Finally, the set of pipes in tandem configuration with a 300-ton pump had the best dynamic response among the cases studied in this article.
Numerical Simulations of Static Rudder Tests Based on Two Propeller Modeling Methods
Authors: Chen Changzhe , Liu Jinzhou , Zou Lu , Zou Zaojian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Simulating the captive model tests using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique to obtain the hydrodynamic derivatives and hull-propeller-rudder interaction coefficients has been proved to be an effective method for establishing the mathematical model of ship maneuvering motion. To simulate the captive model tests for a fully appended ship model, the key issue is to choose a suitable modeling method for the propeller to calculate the hydrodynamic force on the ship with high efficiency and enough accuracy. In this paper, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved by using CFD method to simulate the static rudder tests of the fully appended KRISO ship KVLCC2 model, with the propeller being treated by the Multiple Reference Frames (MRF) method and the Sliding Mesh (SM) method and the sinkage and trim being taken into consideration. The reliability of the numerical method is verified by comparing the computed hydrodynamic results with the available benchmark data. The flow field information obtained from the numerical simulations is used to analyze the hydrodynamic phenomena related to the different propeller modeling methods. Comparing the results of the two methods for dealing with the propeller shows that the SM method’s accuracy is slightly higher than that of the MRF method for the computed force/moment on the hull/rudder, while the MRF method under-estimates the thrust of the propeller.
Two-Phase Flow Induced Vibrations With CO2 Multiphase Flow
Authors: Belfroid Stefan , Orre Steinar , Bazuin Rens , Lunde Knud 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In CO2 storage plants, internal multiphase flow of CO2 may occur in piping elements in various parts of the process. From the energy and process industries, it is known that multiphase flow can induce high amplitude vibrations, especially in flexible piping. In the last decade, experimental data sets and results from excitation spectrum modelling have become available for fluid systems involving oil, gas, water, and steam. Multiphase flow-induced vibrations are affected by fluid properties, and the properties of CO2 are quite different from those of water and oil. To address this uncertainty a multiphase CO2 test campaign was performed in the same flow loop that high pressure gas/water/oil experiments had been performed previously. The vibrations measured in the CO2 tests were in line with those measured in the high pressure gas/water and gas/oil cases. Although multiphase flow of CO2 tends to be more mixed and with less slip than typical of the other fluid systems, the measured vibrations are still a factor of 2–3 higher than for single-phase liquid CO2 flows. A conclusion is that CO2 multiphase induced forces can be modelled in line with the high pressure gas/water systems.
An Implicit Time-Domain Rankine Panel Method for Ship Motions in a Non-Inertial Body-Fixed Frame of Reference
Authors: Liang Hui , Shao Yanlin , Chua Kie Hian , Magee Allan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of wave loads on a ship translating in water waves is of practical importance in ship hydrodynamics, because it is paramount to the design of ship hull structures and provides essential inputs for ship maneuvering analysis. The linear radiation and diffraction of water waves by a translating ship is studied in this paper. A time-domain Rankine panel method is developed in a non-inertial body-fixed coordinate system, which is able to consider large-amplitude horizontal motions consistently. The double-body flow is used as the basic steady flow model. To ensure numerical stability, an implicit Euler scheme is adopted for time marching, and horizontal derivatives on the free surface are calculated using an upwind-biased finite difference scheme. Numerical examples in comparison with experimental measurements are exhibited to demonstrate the validity of the developed solver.
Numerical Simulation of the Wave-Induced Drift of Floating Marine Plastic Debris Modeled as Discrete Particles
Authors: Sainte-Rose Bruno , Rakotonirina Andriarimina Daniel , van den Bremer Ton , Pham Yannick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Ocean Cleanup Foundation is developing floating barrier systems to concentrate and extract buoyant plastics from the global accumulation regions located in the subtropical convergence zones in the world’s oceans. In this context, it is important to understand the transport and accumulation of these floating marine debris. Since marine litter transport is a multi-scale problem, it is important to know the transport of these objects at their very own scale. For this end, two Discrete Particle Models have been implemented in the open-source two-phase Navier-Stokes flow solver Basilisk to study their wave-induced drift: i) using a simple linear interpolation and ii) using the high-order WENO interpolation scheme (Jiang and Wu [1999]) combined with reference frame intrinsic to the particle and its time-dependent submergence. It is shown that in longtime trajectory along the free surface, the two models differ drastically and the sophisticated one shows the best performance. A performance that is highlighted through a wave-induced drift factor defined as the ratio between the wavelength averaged plastic velocity and the wavelength averaged water particle Stokes drift.
VIV Responses of a Drilling Riser Subjected to Current and Top Motions
Authors: Wu Jie , Yin Decao , Jin Jingzhe , Lie Halvor , Passano Elizabeth , Sævik Svein , Tognarelli Michael A. , Grytoyr Guttorm , Igland Ragnar , Karunakaran Daniel , Anderson Torgrim , Gaskill Collin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vortex induced vibrations (VIV) have been subjected to extensive studies, but most of the research focuses on VIV in a constant flow. However, slender marine structures are often experiencing complex environmental conditions. As an example, the drilling riser may be subjected to vessel motions at the top end of the riser, wave loads, in addition to ocean currents. The consequence of the top motions is that the relative flow speed field is changed especially close to the top end of the riser. VIV responses can be significantly affected if the relative flow speed induced by top motions is in the same order as the current speed, which are further affected by the direction of the top motion relative to the current direction. The influence of top motions on VIV responses is less understood. Such effects are also neglected in the present design practice based on frequency domain prediction tools, which can not combine two simultaneously acting load processes. This has been investigated in the present work based on the analysis of laboratory test data and numerical case studies with a time domain VIV prediction tool. The results showed the importance of including top motions in a time domain VIV analysis.
Modelling Aerodynamics of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Using the Overset Mesh Solver In OpenFOAM
Authors: Lin Zaibin , Qian Ling , Campobasso Michele Sergio , Bai Wei , Zhou Yang , Ma Zhihua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An accurate prediction of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads on an offshore floating wind turbine plays a critical role in determining its operational stability, fatigue life and survivability, as well as optimising its power control system. Therefore, it is essential to develop an integrated aerodynamics and hydrodynamics model, which is capable of capturing both loading on and dynamic response of an entire offshore wind turbine system with high accuracy and reliability. Prior to developing such an integrated model, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics models need to be systematically examined, individually. In this study, the performance of the overset mesh solver in OpenFOAM for modelling aerodynamics of a floating offshore wind turbine rotor is evaluated. A benchmark test on the rotor of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5MW turbine, which is designed to be mounted on a semi-submersible platform is performed. The predicted power and thrust for cases of the rotor with its centre fixed and undergoing pitching motion are compared between the overset mesh solver, a frequency-domain Naiver-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics code and the open-source Blade Element Momentum theory code.
Hybrid Multiphase CFD Model for Bubbly, Slug, Churn and Annular Flow Regimes in Vertical Pipes
Authors: Agrawal Madhusuden , Khanna Samir , Kopliku Ardjan , Lockett Timothy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Prediction of erosion rate or flow-induced vibrations and fatigue assessment depends strongly on the way multiphase flow occurs through the fitting such as bend, tee, manifolds, etc. Therefore, it is important to have a better understanding of multiphase behavior to improve confidence in erosion and fatigue prediction. Multiphase flow behavior is more complex in vertical pipe compared to horizontal pipe because of the phenomena generated when the gravity vector aligns with the axis of the pipe. Transport mechanisms for gas-liquid multiphase flow in vertical pipe broadly consist of (i) entrance effects due to short unstable liquid slugs which form at the entrance, (ii) a flooding effect as liquid film drains downward along the wall, (iii) a wake effect from one slug that can destroy neighboring slugs and, (iv) coalescence of gas phase entrained in liquid slugs. This paper presents a hybrid multiphase modelling approach, which combines the Eulerian-Eulerian model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model to effectively capture all these transport mechanisms. A hybrid multiphase model allows selective use of surface tension and interface sharpening schemes in a Eulerian framework for any flow regimes.
Experimental dataset on 67mm and 127mm diameter vertical pipe from Abdulahi ([1], [14], [15]) and Azzopardi ([16], [17], [18]) were used to benchmark CFD modelling for bubbly, slug, churn, and annular flow regimes in vertical straight pipe. These data contain multiphase flow characteristic for air-water and air-oil at both atmospheric pressure and elevated pressure. The predicted results obtained with our model show good agreement with the experimental work and clearly highlight the benefits of applying the hybrid multiphase modelling to predict the flow regimes and to get better understanding of complex flow behavior in gas-liquid vertical flows. Furthermore, sensitivity studies were performed to understand the effect of drag models, inlet boundary treatment, solution initialization, mesh resolution, and time step size on CFD predictions for multiphase flow in vertical pipes.
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis on a Marine Engine Innovation for Retrofit: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bui Khanh Q. , Perera Lokukaluge P. , Emblemsvåg Jan , Schøyen Halvor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stricter regulations and ambitious targets regarding air emissions from ships have led the shipping industry to a tipping point necessitating disruptive technologies for green and ecological operation. This study introduces a dual-fuel engine innovation with ultra-high energy conversion efficiency, thereby reducing exhaust gas emissions. However, the total cost performance of such an innovation throughout its long lifespan can be a matter of concern for decision makers (i.e. ship owners) if they decide to retrofit their existing fleet. The purpose of this study is to provide insights into the economic performance of such an innovative dual-fuel engine when it is utilized as the main propulsion system. From a cradle-to-grave perspective ranging from construction, operation, maintenance to end-of-life, the life-cycle costing (LCC) framework is proposed to evaluate the long-term cost performance of the dual-fuel engine with that of a conventional diesel engine. By using the net present cost (NPC) as an evaluation indicator, the research results reveal that the dual-fuel engine is considered as a cost-effective option except for the high fuel price differential scenario, meaning that fuel prices are the most critical factor for ship owners. In addition, the environmental impact of these engines is included in the evaluation to show that 33% reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be achieved when running the dual-fuel engine, compared to the diesel engine. The proposed framework could conceivably be beneficial in selecting marine engine innovation that takes not only the environmental impact but also the economic performance into consideration.
Two-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Mean Wave Drift Loads on Two Fixed Boxes
Authors: Tan Lei , Ikoma Tomoki , Hu Changhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wave drift forces on two barges in side-by-side arrangement are of engineering significance for control of the distance between the vessels. Hence the influence of resonant behaviors between the two barges on drift forces is worthy to investigating. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model is developed to evaluate the time-averaged drift forces on two floating bodies. The near-field and far-field methods have been implemented in an in-house program code for computations. First, numerical validations were conducted against published data in literatures. Then, the influence of the gap width and edge shapes of two fixed floating boxes were investigated numerically. It is found that the total mean surge drift force in wave direction was substantially reduced by the piston mode resonance in the gap, whereas considerable drift forces were observed on two respective boxes in opposite directions. Further examinations indicate that the effect of resonant wave behaviors on drift force is dependent on viscous damping of gap resonance.