bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment barriers among young adults living with a substance use disorder in Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Nyashanu Tichaenzana , Visser Maretha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite increasing substance use globally, substance use treatment utilisation remains low. This study sought to explore and measure substance use treatment barriers among young adults in South Africa. Methods: The study was done in collaboration with the Community-Oriented Substance Use Programme run in Tshwane, South Africa. A mixed methods approach employing focus group discussions with key informants (n = 15), a survey with a random sample of substance users receiving treatment (n = 206), and individual semi-structured interviews (n = 15) was used. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. Results: Contextual barriers seemed more prominent than attitudinal barriers in the South African context. Fragmented services, stigma-related factors, an information gap and lack of resources and support (contextual factors), perceived lack of treatment efficacy, privacy concerns, and denial and unreadiness to give up (attitudinal factors) were treatment barriers that emerged as themes in both quantitative and qualitative data. Culture and religion/spirituality emerged as an important barrier/facilitator theme in the qualitative data.Conclusion: Interventions need to embrace contextual factors such as culture, and more resources should be channelled towards substance use treatment. Multi-level stakeholder engagement is needed to minimise stigmatising behaviours and to raise awareness of available treatment services. There is a need for strategies to integrate cultural factors, such as religion/spirituality and traditional healing, into treatment processes so that they complementarily work together with pharmacological treatments to improve health outcomes.
Impact of seizures and antiseizure medication on survival in patients with glioma
Authors: Sathis Thinisha , Anuar Wan Muhammad Afnan Wan Airol , Chan Chet Ying , Audrey Christine , Fong Si Lei , Rajandram Retnagowri , Lim Kheng Seang , Narayanan Vairavan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
PurposeSeizures are a common presenting symptom among patients with low- and high-grade glioma. However, the impact and inter-relationship between the presence of seizures, anti-seizure medication and survival are unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of seizures and identified the pattern and relationship of anti-seizure medication on survival in our cohort of patients with glioma.MethodsWe evaluated all glioma patients who underwent treatment at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) between 2008 to 2020. Demographic and clinical data of seizures and pattern of ASM administration in comparison to overall survival were analyzed.ResultsA total of 239 patients were studied, with a minimum of one year clinical follow-up post-treatment. The mean survival for low-grade glioma was 122 months whereas high-grade glioma was 47 months. One-third of our glioma patients (n=72) presented with seizures. All patients with seizures and a further 49.2% of patients without seizures were started on anti-seizure medication preoperatively. Seizure and Levetiracetam (LEV) were significantly associated with OS on univariate analysis. However, only LEV (p=0.019; HR 0.53;95%CI: 0.31-0.90) was significantly associated with OS on multivariate analysis. Once ASM was adjusted for relevant factors and each other, LEV was found to be protective in all grade gliomas (p=0.012; HR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.30-0.86) and specifically high-grade gliomas (p=0.00; HR 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.77). ConclusionsPre-operative seizures among patients with glioma indicated a better overall prognosis. The administration of ASM, specifically LEV demonstrated a significant survival advantage in our retrospective cohort of patients.
Host defence peptide LEAP2 contributes to antimicrobial activity in a mustache toad (Leptobrachium liui)
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Chi-Ying , Ma Li , Seah Rachel Wan Xin , Ding Guo-Hua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an essential molecule in host immunity against harmful pathogens. In this study, LEAP2 gene (Ll-LEAP2) cDNA was cloned and sequenced from the Chong’an Moustache Toad (Leptobrachium liui). The predicted amino acid sequence of Ll-LEAP2 comprises a signal peptide, a mature peptide, and a prodomain. From sequence analysis, it was revealed that Ll-LEAP2 belongs to the cluster of amphibian LEAP2 and displays high similarity to the Tropical Clawed Frog (Xenopus tropicalis)’s LEAP2. Our study revealed that Ll-LEAP2 mRNA transcripts were expressed in various tissues with the kidney having the highest mRNA expression level. As a result of Aeromonas hydrophila infection, Ll-LEAP2 underwent a noticeable up-regulation in the skin while down-regulated in the intestines of X. tropicalis. The chemically synthesized Ll-LEAP2 mature peptide was selective in its antimicrobial activity against several in vitro bacteria. Additionally, Ll-LEAP2 can kill specific bacteria by disrupting bacterial membrane and hydrolyzing bacterial gDNA. This study is the first report on the antibacterial activity and mechanism of amphibian LEAP2.
Migraine type-dependent patterns of brain activation after facial and intranasal trigeminal stimulation
Authors: Haehner Antje , Gossrau Gudrun , Bock Franziska , Hummel Thomas , Iannilli Emilia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In migraine, the trigeminal nerve is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. We hypothesized that alterations in the sensory trigeminal activation in migraine would be reflected by EEG-derived event-related potentials (ERP). We aimed to investigate differences in the temporal and spatial processing of trigeminal stimuli between interictal migraine patients and healthy subjects. ERP to trigeminal stimuli were recorded at 128-channels to allow localization of their cortical sources with high temporal resolution. Seventeen patients with episodic migraine without aura, with episodic migraine with aura, and 17 healthy subjects participated in the study. The first branch of the trigeminal nerve was stimulated using intranasal chemical (CO2), cutaneous electrical, and cutaneous mechanical (air puff) stimuli. Analyses were performed with regard to micro-state segmentation, ERP source localization, and correlation with the patients’ clinical characteristics.Topographical assessments of EEG configurations were associated with the pathological condition. The source analysis revealed altered trigeminal-sensory response patterns in the precuneus, temporal pole, and cerebellum for both migraine groups during the interictal phase. The estimated current source density was positively correlated with migraine disease duration, indicating brain functional and structural changes as a consequence of the disease. Hyperactivity of the cerebellar posterior lobe was observed as a specific trigeminal response of migraine patients with aura. In conclusion, our results suggest the presence of brain changes accompanying the advancement of migraine as an expression of dysfunctional central pain processing. Hence, we identified EEG patterns in response to mechano-/chemosensory stimuli that can serve as biomarkers of migraine.
Reintroduction of mowing on a steep slope increases species diversity of a grassland after abandonment
Authors: YAMADA Susumu , YOSHIDA Wakana , IIDA Minori , KITAGAWA Yoshiko , MITCHLEY Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Semi-natural grasslands on steep slopes often show high plant species diversity, probably due to the water and nutrient limitations that prevent the growth of dominant species and decrease interspecific competition. Traditional management practices like mowing help to maintain species diversity, whereas land abandonment reduces diversity by increasing competition from dominant species and reducing seedling recruitment. The reintroduction of management can reverse species diversity declines, but suitable grassland restoration programs are scarce in Japan. To study the effect of short-term abandonment on seedling ecology, we monitored the vegetation of a Susogari grassland that had been abandoned for 3 years; the grassland occupies a steep slope (ca. 50°) on a hillside above paddy fields. We monitored the vegetation before abandonment, in the 3rd year of abandonment, and in the 1st and 2nd years after restoration of mowing management. Emergence and survival of seedlings was monitored for 18 months after reintroduction of management. We monitored 1183 seedlings of grassland species and non-target annuals in ten 1-m2 plots. After mowing was reintroduced, most grassland species reappeared or increased in the first and second years. Few seedlings of perennial plants and no seedlings of annuals flowered. An exotic species, Solidago altissima, had a lower survival rate (10%) than grassland species (>30%), and all but two grassland species survived over the 18-month period. Our findings suggest that a steep slope acts as a strong filter that inhibits the establishment of non-target species while enhancing persistence of target grassland species.
A Broad Learning-Based Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Approach for Indirect Matrix Converter-Driven Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors
Authors: Yang Weilin , Fan Yongqiang , Xu Dezhi , Pan Tinglong , Dong Yue 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To further improve the fast and stability of indirect matrix converter- driven permanent magnet linear synchronous motor control system, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control algorithm based on disturbance observer is proposed in this paper. First, to realize the fast and accurate tracking control of the position reference signal, a nonlinear fast terminal sliding mode is introduced; secondly, to reduce the effects of load perturbations and parameter variations on the control effect, a broad learning-based disturbance observer is designed for feedforward compensation of disturbances to make full use of the excellent nonlinear approximation capability of broad learning; finally, simulation models are built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the results are verified by comparing with other control methods.
Impact of antibiotic stewardship and implementation of infection control on prevalence of surgical site infections in a large tertiary-care hospital in Haiphong city
Authors: Ory Jérôme , Minh Quang Le , Tien Hung Phan , Hai Vinh Vu , Careno Elodie , Price Tatiana , Andrieux Alexandre , Crouzet Julien , Dunyach-Rémy Catherine , Laureillard Didier , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Sotto Albert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Few point prevalence surveys (PPS) have been conducted in Vietnam on SSIs or antimicrobial use in surgery. We performed PPSs of surgical site infection (SSI) before and after antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) and infection control (IC) in a Vietnamese tertiary-care hospital.
Method
ASP and IC practices were implemented in operating rooms and the orthopedic department including antibiotic training, skin preparation, hand hygiene, gloves and sterile instruments, and SSIs risk factors. A PPS of SSIs and AMS was performed in January 2016 according to Center Disease Control methods, before ASP and IC, and in December 2019. Information recorded included surgical, antibiotic prophylaxis, microorganisms and SSI risk factors. Skin preparation compliance assessed preoperative washing and antisepsis.
Results
SSI prevalence was 7.8% in 2016 versus 5.4% in 2019 (p = 0.7). Significant differences were found for diabetes mellitus, NNIS score, scheduled surgery and prophylactic antibiotics. A third-generation cephalosporin was prescribed more than 48 hours after surgery for most patients in both periods. Skin preparation compliance increased from 54.4–70.5% between assessments.
Conclusions
The decreased SSI, although non-statistically significant, warrants continuing this program. Vietnamese hospital must provide comprehensive IC education to healthcare-workers addressing standard precautions and establish IC policies.
NMR studies of Sugammadex formulations complexes with steroidal neuromuscular blockers drugs Rocuronium and Vecuronium
Authors: Santos Marcus Paulo Alves dos , Camargo Priscila Goes , Macedo Fernando , Oliveira Felipe , Rezende Carlos 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sugammadex a modified γ-cyclodextrin forms strong water-soluble complexes with steroid neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) such as Rocuronium and Vecuronium, creating a concentration gradient that favors the displacement of these drugs from the neuromuscular junction to the plasma, quickly reversing the neuromuscular obstruction. This work described the comparative evaluation between two formulations of Sugammadex solution from Blau Farmacêutica S/A compared to reference formulation Bridion®, by NMR 1H and DOSY techniques. The formulations were evaluated in presence of Rocuronium and Vecuronium in the stoichiometric proportions of 1:1 and 1:0.4 for both NMBs. NMR 1H spectra of the formulations Blau and Bridion® did not show significant variations of chemical shifts showing similar physicochemical parameters. Chemical shifts and diffusion coefficients of NMBs were influenced by the presence of Sugammadex when compared to NMBs formulations in the absence of any cyclodextrin, directly demonstrating the strong intermolecular interaction and associated with the host molecule in a high proportion. No significant variation in the diffusion coefficients of the key components between formulations in the presence of NMBs in the equimolar 1:1 and 1:04 w/w ratios was observed. The constants Ka and KD were determined and presented 16.7 and 0.06 mM values respectively, according to literature for this system.
Comparison of Five DNA Extraction Methods in Peganum harmala L., Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., and Potentilla reptans L
Authors: Salehi Zahra , Rezaei Arezou , Amirahmadi Atefe , Farrokh Parisa , Ghasemian Javad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Extracting high-yield, high-quality DNA from plant samples is challenging due to the presence of the cell wall, pigments, and some secondary metabolites. The main CTAB method, two of its modified protocols (beta-mercaptoethanol or ammonium acetate were eliminated), the modified Murray and Thompson method, and the Gene All kit were statistically compared based on the quantity and quality of the total DNA (tDNA) extracted from fresh and dried leaves of three medicinal herbs P. harmala, T. ramosissima, and P. reptans. The suitability of the tDNAs for molecular studies was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the fragments of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA and the trnL-F region in chloroplast DNA. Some significant differences were found between the tDNAs extracted by five extraction methods. With the exception of P. harmala, where the PCR of both the ITS fragments and the trnL-F region worked successfully in all DNA samples, but only the ITS fragments, not the chloroplast trnL-F region, were amplified in the DNA samples of T. ramosissima and P. reptans. The chloroplast trnL-F region was amplified only in DNA samples extracted from fresh and dried leaves of the three studied herbs using the commercial kit. Gene All kit, the main CTAB method, and its modified protocols were the less time-consuming protocols that yielded DNA suitable for downstream PCR vis-a-vis the modified Murray and Thompson method.
Trio-pharmacophore DNA-encoded Chemical Library for Simultaneous Selection of Fragments and Linkers.
Authors: Cui Meiying , Gaillez MIchelle Patino , Nguyen Dzung , Heiden Stephan , Lin Weilin , Thompson Michael , Reddavide Francesco , Chen Qinchang , Zhang Yixin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The split-and-pool method has been widely used to synthesize chemical libraries of a large size, albeit without the possibility of meaningful quality control. In contrast, a self-assembled DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) allows us to construct an m x n-member library by mixing an m-member and an n-member pre-purified sub-libraries. Herein, we report a trio-pharmacophore DEL (T-DEL) of m x l x n members through assembling three pre-purified and validated sub-libraries. The middle sub-library is synthesized using DNA-templated synthesis with different reaction mechanisms and designed as a linkage connecting the fragments displayed on the flanking two sub-libraries. In spite of assembling three fragments, the resulting compounds do not exceed the up-to-date standard of molecular weight regarding drug-likeness. The utility of T-DEL has been demonstrated in linker optimization for known binding fragments against trypsin and carbonic anhydrase II and de novo selections against matrix metalloprotease-2 and − 9.
Natural Language Processing in Court Order Scrutiny
Authors: Maitra Arunima , S. Sandhya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With an increasing number of court orders coming in daily, it has become difficult for the legal teams to keep up with the case updates. The most time-consuming and inevitable part is to read the legal order again and again until all relevant points are noted. Minimizing the time spent to gather all the facts of the order can speed up the analysis process. Hence, there arises a need for a search system which can resolve this problem by generating a concise and comprehensive report of the court order. In this paper, we propose to create a pipeline that will extract key information from the court orders, analyze the sentiment from the linguistic elements and summarize the important passages pertaining to the final judgement in the order. The project will create a Data Lake, populated with artifacts and related data / meta data which will accumulate over time and become invaluable to the legal department.
A systematic review of economic evaluations of pharmacological treatments for adults with chronic migraine
Authors: Khanal Saval , Underwood Martin , Naghdi Seyran , Brown Anna , Duncan Callum , Matharu Manjit , Mistry Hema 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and aimsChronic migraine is a common neurovascular brain disorder with substantial economic costs. We performed a systematic review to identify economic evaluations of pharmacological treatments for adults with chronic migraine.MethodsWe undertook systematic literature searches using terms for migraine/headache and prophylactic drug interventions, combined with economic/cost terms where appropriate. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently assessed the citations and abstracts, and full-text articles were retrieved. A review of study characteristics and methodological quality was assessed. ResultsSixteen citations met the inclusion criteria and were model-based cost-utility studies evaluating: Botox (n=6); Erenumab (n=8); Fremanezunab (n=2); and Galcanzunab (n=1) as the main treatment. They varied in their use of comparators, perspective, and model type. Botox was cost-effective compared to placebo with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) ranging between £15,028 (€17,720) and £16,598 (€19,572). Erenumab, Fremanezunab and Galcanzunab when compared to Botox, was associated with ICERs ranging between £59,712 ($81,080) and £182,128 (€218,870), with the ICERs above the most common willingness-to-pay thresholds (WTPs). But they were cost-effective within the commonly used WTPs among the population for whom the previous treatments including Botox were failed. Three studies compared the cost-effectiveness of Erenumab against the placebo and found that Erenumab was dominant. All studies performed sensitivity analyses to check the robustness of their results. None of the findings from the included articles were generalisable and none of the included studies fulfilled all the criteria mentioned in the CHEERS 2022 reporting checklist and Phillips’s checklist for economic models. ConclusionsEvidence to support the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological treatments of chronic migraine in the adult population using Botox and Erenumab were identified. Our findings suggest that both Botox and Erenumab, are cost-effective compared to placebo; although Erenumab had more incremental economic benefits compared to Botox, the ICERs were above the most common willingness-to-pay thresholds. Hence, Erenumab might be an acceptable treatment for chronic migraine for patients whom other treatments such as Botox do not work. Further research is needed to help characterise the data to adequately structure and parameterise an economic model to support decision-making for chronic migraine therapies.
Cataloguing Phytosociological Pattern of Flora in Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, Southern India
Authors: M Packialakshmi , Divya M. P. , Baranidharan K. , Geetha S. , Ganesan K. N. , Ravi R , Manivasakan S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
During April, 2021-April, 2022, the field survey was conducted in Mettupalyam Forest range of Coimbatore Forest Division which is an integral part of Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve and it was approached in a systematic random sampling method with 60 sample plots of 20x 20 m and 8 transect line survey at 0.2% sampling intensity were laid out in which study area were catalogued with 54 trees, 25 shrubs, 22 herbs and 22 grasses.
Results
The result revealed that the maximum dominance were observed in Atlantia monophylla (32.20), Lantana camara (43.02), Abutilon indicum (54.87) and Oplismenus burmanii (19.34%) and minimum in Glycosmis pentaphylla (12.32), Euphorbia heterophylla (2.18), Mimosa pudica (2.82) and Melinis repens (0.18%) in tree, shrubs, herbs and grass layer, respectively. Furthermore, the highest Shannon D index (H = 3.08) observed in TL, followed by GL (H = 2.76), HL (2.28) and SL (2.25) along with Simpson index also higher in GL (1-D = 0.92), TL (1-D = 0.91), HL (1-D = 0.86) and SL (1-D = 0.84), respectively.
Conclusion
Cataloguing flora in Mettupalayam Reserve Forest is the pioneer study which gives scientific and baseline information for conservation of flora in the forest.
The brain activity of individuals with or without motivation to change: A preliminary study among cigarette smokers
Authors: Kalayasiri Rasmon , Srisukl Sakol , Chatdon Attapong , Sungkarat Witaya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is an addictive behavior which requires high motivation to change, a phenotype related to the functional activity of the brain. Methods: Motivation to change smoking behaviors of 107 current smokers receiving services at a university hospital was obtained by using the Stage of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). Brain activities related to motivation to change were also explored in a subgroup by using the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Results: The results showed that most current cigarette smokers (n=68, 63.6%) had low motivation to change despite them receiving health-related services. Brain activities in the left of the temporal, frontal gyrus, and superior medial gyrus of smokers with motivation were greater activated than those without. In contrast, the brain activity in the left precentral gyrus and bilateral paracentral lobules of smokers without motivation were greater activated. Conclusions: These preliminary results show the differences of brain activity between smokers with and without motivation to change and are warranted for further research.
How Does Consumer Quality Misperception Change European Antidumping Actions?
Authors: Mamadou Thiam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The European Union is increasingly using anti-dumping procedures to better regulate international trade. At a time when we are talking about the progressive rise of a globalization among friends, it is necessary to clarify all the economic mechanisms that lead to the adoption of an anti-dumping duty. This paper shows that the misperception of the quality of an imported good is an effective explanation of anti-dumping duties. In particular, we show that questioning the quality of goods imported from a country significantly increases the probability of initiating anti-dumping investigations against that country. The evidence is both theoretical and empirical and focuses on trade relations between the European Union and China.