bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future directions in physiochemical modeling of the thermodynamics of polyelectrolyte coacervates
Authors: Ghasemi Mohsen , Larson Ronald G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe review theories of polyelectrolyte (PE) coacervation, which is the spontaneous association of oppositely charged units of PEs and phase separation into a polymer‐dense phase in aqueous solution. The simplest theories can be divided into “physics‐based” and “chemistry‐based” approaches. In the former, PEs are treated as charged, long‐chain, molecules, defined by charge level, chain length, and chain flexibility, but otherwise lacking chemical identity, with electrostatic interactions driving coacervation. The “chemistry‐based” approaches focus on the local interactions between the species for which chemical identity is critical, and describe coacervation as the result of competitive local binding interactions of monomers and salts. In this article, we show how these approaches complement each other by presenting recent approaches that take both physical and chemical effects into account. Finally, we suggest future directions toward producing theories that are made quantitatively predictive by accounting for both long range electrostatic and local chemically specific interactions.
The effect of the embedded interface dynamics on mass transport in immiscible polymer blends
Authors: El Habty El Mahdi , El Afif Ali , Sidki Mouncif 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMass transport of solvents into immiscible blends may exhibit a non‐Fickian behavior due to the deformation of the embedded interface that couples with diffusion. We introduce an interface area covariant tensor N as a structural state variable and derive a set of thermodynamically‐consistent PDEs and ODEs transport equations for the bulk and time‐dependent boundaries. The proposed model, which is a reformulation of that derived by El Afif (2008) and El Afif et al. (2003), improves both mathematically and numerically the investigation of the diffusion‐interface coupling and provides reasonable predictions of the sorption‐permeation one dimensional treatment affording good agreement with experimental data. The tensor N englobes, into a single morphological quantity, all information regarding diffusion‐induced changes in the size and shape anisotropy of the interface area. Predicted results include concentration, components of N, residual stresses, mass‐uptake, and swelling. Scaling leads to three relevant dimensionless parameters: a mixing‐interface coupling constant and bulk and boundary diffusion Deborah numbers.
A method to essentially increase the compatibility of thermoplastic polyurethane/methyl vinyl silicone rubber based thermoplastic vulcanizate
Authors: Cui Yongyin , Pan Hongwei , Shi Changrui , Zhuang Huichao , Wang Qingfu , Zong Chengzhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo simplify the production process of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ)‐based thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), a series of block TPUs with different hydroxybutanyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) content were used as the matrix to increase the essential compatibility. The impact of microstructure and macroscopic properties was explored. PMDS promoted the microphase separation of TPU, which increased the essential compatibility in TPVs. The essential compatibilization effect of PDMS made the tensile strength retention proportion of TPV relative to the raw material TPU at 40%, but the elongation at break could reach 192%, which had an excellent toughening effect. Moreover, PDMS made the limiting oxygen index of TPV‐323 reach 27%. The analysis of the carbon layer proved that the Si element formed a silicon oxycarbon layer with excellent flame retardancy on the surface.
An investigation on the possible use of coffee silverskin in PLA/PBS composites
Authors: Ghazvini Amir Kia Aghaye , Ormondroyd Graham , Curling Simon , Saccani Andrea , Sisti Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe production of degradable packaging materials is a task that can be no longer postponed. Moreover, high amounts of agricultural wastes are landfilled without any recycling. In this research, the possibility to formulate particulate composites made of biopolymers filled with coffee waste with acceptable physical and mechanical characteristics that will degrade is investigated. The addition of this agricultural waste, by reducing the requested amount of biopolymer, can decrease the overall price of the material presently the main limiting factor to the use of biopolymers in the packaging industry. Silverskin, the integument of coffee beans discarded during the roasting process, after a milling step, is added up to a 30 wt% either to polylactic acid (PLA) or to a blend of PLA and polybutylene succinate. The filler can be homogeneously dispersed in both systems. The data shows that the silverskin filler increases the elastic modulus but decreases the tensile strength of the material and helps the development of crystal phase in the matrix. The thermal stability and the hydrophobicity of the materials stay almost unchanged on filler addition. Moreover, data shows that the addition of silverskin increases the materials susceptibility to microbial attack.
Racial identity and uncertainty in psychotherapy: Perspectives of Black clients and their therapists
Authors: Long Carol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite increasing recognition of the importance of multicultural sensitivity in psychotherapy, studies offering in‐depth exploration of client experiences are relatively rare, and studies exploring both client and therapist perspectives even less common. This paper explores how clients and therapists experience the presence of racial identity in psychotherapy. Eleven client–trainee therapist pairs attending a free clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa, were interviewed and transcripts were qualitatively analyzed utilizing psychoanalytic research methods. This paper explores three core themes: the difficulty of talking about racial/ethnic identity; the uneasy relationship between psychotherapy and culture; and the struggle for understanding between client and therapist. This paper concludes with an invitation to embrace ambivalence, uncertainty, and partial understanding in the face of racial trauma.
Socioeconomic status and risk of lung cancer by histological subtype in the Nordic countries
Authors: Pizzato Margherita , Martinsen Jan Ivar , Heikkinen Sanna , Vignat Jerome , Lynge Elsebeth , Sparén Pär , La Vecchia Carlo , Pukkala Eero , Vaccarella Salvatore 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile the excess in lung cancer risk among lower socioeconomic status individuals has been widely described, the magnitude of this association across lung cancer subtypes, as well as histotype‐related long‐term incidence trends, are inconclusively reported.AimsWe explored the variation in the incidence of the three main lung cancer histotypes (i.e. squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) by socioeconomic status (SES, i.e. upper and lower white collar, upper and lower blue collar, and farming/forestry/fishing) in the adult population of four Nordic countries (i.e. Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark).Materials & MethodsWe have used data from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study (NOCCA), computing age‐standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person‐years truncated at ages 50–69 years, by sex, histotype, country and SES, for the period 1971–2005. We estimated relative risks and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals through Poisson regression models, including terms for SES, age, sex and country, as indicated.ResultsA clear socioeconomic gradient, with a progressive increase in lung cancer risk as SES level decreases, was observed in all subtypes and in both sexes. Favourable lung cancer incidence trends were seen among men for squamous cell and small cell carcinomas, although for adenocarcinomas rates were increasing everywhere except for Finland. Among women, upward temporal trends were seen in all SES groups and for all subtypes, although rates increased to a greater extent for low, compared to high, SES, especially in Denmark and Norway. Farmers showed comparatively lower risks compared to other SES categories.DiscussionThis prospective cohort study shows that substantial socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of the most important lung cancer histotypes exist in the Nordic Countries, and that these inequalities are on the rise, especially among women.ConclusionSmoking habits are likely to largely explain the observed social gradient for lung cancer histotypes in both sexes.
Constituents, Antibacterial Adhesion, Cytotoxic and in Vitro Metastasis Blocking Properties of Salvia fruticosa Essential Oils from Three Palestinian Localities
Authors: Jaradat Nidal , Abdallah Samer , Al‐Maharik Nawaf , Altamimi Mohammad , Hawash Mohammed , Qneibi Mohammad , Abu Khair Abeer , Zetawi Anaal , Jabarin Leena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) of Salvia fruticosa Mill. gathered from three Palestinian localities were studied to determine their constituents, antibacterial adhesion impact against Klebsiella pneumonia, cytotoxicity, and their function in cancer cell migration. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry identified the chemical components, while the MTT technique was used to measure the EOs′ cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical) and Caco‐2 (colorectal) cancer cells. Antibacterial adhesion was assessed by examining Klebsiella pneumoniae’s ability to adhere to Caco‐2 cells. Our study found that eucalyptol was present as the main constituent in all S. fruticosa EOs. In addition, K. pneumoniae adhesion and metastasis were reduced after 48 h of application. Salfit's and Hebron's EOs had the most potent cytotoxic effects on Caco‐2 and HeLa, with IC50 values in the range of 0.7–1.3 μg/mL. Taking into account the obtained results, it may be concluded that S. fruticosa EOs can serve as potential disinfectant agents for the treatment and prevention of K. pneumoniae‐associated illness and cancer.
Nephrologist‐performed portal vein Doppler to monitor response to diuretic therapy
Authors: Koratala Abhilash 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConventional parameters for assessment of fluid status suffer from several limitations. IVC maybe chronically dilated in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Portal vein Doppler offers an additional data point to assess the severity of venous congestion as well as monitor the efficacy of decongestive therapy.
Emerging Nickel Catalysis in Ketones Synthesis Using Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Pandey Ashok Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNickel catalysis in cross‐coupling reaction of carboxylic acid derivatives (CADs) with various coupling partners to access ketones has grown steadily in last five decades and substantially contributed to this area. These synthetic protocols have afforded various unique privileges: 1) robust approach to access ketones in a stereo defined manner; 2) reduced byproduct formation; 3) broad substrate scope with high functional group tolerance and 4) avoids direct use of fatal carbon monoxide. Herein, an overview of acyl‐nickel complexes reactivity, major mechanistic pathways in ketones synthesis, rational aspects of nickel catalysis with CADs and highlights of synthetic applications will be described in detail. The main objective of this review is demonstration of historical development of nickel catalysis with CADs to access ketones from year 1970 to 2020 and introductory remarks of current state of work progress in this area.
Stable and Reversible Lithium Storage Properties of LiTiOx Nanotubes for Electrochemical Recovery from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Baudino Luisa , Zaccagnini Pietro , Garino Nadia , Serrapede Mara , Laurenti Marco , Pedico Alessandro , Pirri C. Fabrizio , Lamberti Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present work, an easy and scalable method to prepare lithium titanium oxide nanotubes with stable and reversible lithium storage properties is reported. This material could be an excellent candidate for lithium recovery from aqueous solutions or have a direct application as Li‐ion batteries electrodes in a circular economy perspective. Vertically oriented anatase nanotubes are grown by anodic oxidation in an ethylene glycol‐based electrolyte. Then, the nanotubes are hydrothermally converted into a mixed lithium titanate. Morphological and crystallographic characterizations confirm the successful shape‐preserving conversion after which the nanotubes are subjected to electrochemical cycling. XRD and XPS analyses confirm a significant lithium uptake after cycling, and its recovery is investigated by means of an acidic treatment. While allowing for an almost complete recovery of the lithium integrated in their structure, the nanotubes also showed excellent morphological and structural stability proving to be excellent candidates for lithium recovery purposes.
Styryl Group, a Friend or Foe in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Bhurta Deendyal , Bharate Sandip B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe styryl (Ph‐CH=CH‐R) group is widely represented in medicinally important compounds, including drugs, clinical candidates, and molecular probes as it positively impacts the lipophilicity, oral absorption, and biological activity. The analysis of matched molecular pairs (styryl vs. phenethyl, phenyl, methyl, H) for the biological activity indicates the superiority aspect of styryl compounds. However, the Michael acceptor site in the styryl group makes it amenable to the nucleophilic attack by biological nucleophiles and transformation to the toxic metabolites. One of the downsides of styryl compounds is isomerization that impacts the molecular conformation and directly affects biological activity. The impact of cis‐trans isomerism and isosteric replacements on biological activity is exemplified. We also discuss the styryl group‐bearing drugs, clinical candidates, and fluorescent probes. Overall, the present review reveals the utility of the styryl group in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
Power decoupling control of single‐phase or three‐phase input high‐frequency single‐phase output matrix converters
Authors: Kodaka Wataru , Ogasawara Satoshi , Orikawa Koji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a matrix converter (MC) control method capable of power decoupling (PD) for a single‐phase input isolated AC‐DC converter. The proposed converter can also be fed by a three‐phase source without any additional components. The PD circuit shares its capacitors with the input filters and its switches with the MC, and absorbs the source power ripple to supply a constant DC voltage for the load. Moreover, the MC control method achieves a sinusoidal source current, a high output frequency, and soft switching. Additionally, the feedback control to compensate for the DC output voltage error is applied. The proposed method is evaluated experimentally.
Global talent management and multinational subsidiaries' resilience in the Covid‐19 crisis: Moderating roles of regional headquarters' support and headquarters–subsidiary friction
Authors: Lee Jeoung Yul , Yahiaoui Dorra , Lee Khan‐Pyo , Cooke Fang Lee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResilience is central to developing organizational capability to respond to global crises such as the Covid‐19 pandemic. To date, few studies have examined the relationship between global talent management (GTM) and the organizational resilience of multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries during crises. This study contributes to the GTM and crisis management literature by examining the role of GTM in MNE subsidiaries' resilience during the Covid‐19 crisis. Based on the sample of 166 Korean MNEs and their 1227 foreign subsidiaries, including 293 regional headquarters, operating in 49 host countries, this study shows a positive and significant impact of GTM on the resilience of Korean MNEs subsidiaries. Drawing on agency problems at the subsidiary level and bounded rationality at the headquarters level as factors that may bring about failure in TM in MNEs, as well as a core competence perspective, we shed light on the importance of the three‐layered governance structure of MNEs in the analysis of GTM and MNE subsidiaries' resilience. The study has practical implications for Korean MNEs and the organizational resilience of MNEs' subsidiaries during crises more generally.
Retracted: Prenatal and neonatal complications of COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Pashaei Zahra , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Qaderi Kowsar , Barzegary Alireza , Karimi Amirali , Mirghaderi Seyed Peyman , Mirzapour Pegah , Tantuoyir Marcarious M. , Dadras Omid , Ali Zoha , Voltarelli Fabricio , Mehraeen Esmaeil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) over the past year has affected public health worldwide. During pregnancy, the maternal immune system and inflammatory responses are widely suppressed. Pregnancy‐related immune system suppression could make the mother vulnerable to infectious diseases like SARS‐COV‐2. However, current data suggest little to no possibility of COVID‐19 transmission in pregnant women to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. This systematic review focused on the possible complications of COVID‐19 infection in the fetus and newborn babies including the possibility and evidence of vertical transmission by reviewing articles published during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search using keywords on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. The studies followed a title/abstract and a full‐text screening process, and the eligible articles were included in the study.ResultsIn total, 238 published papers were identified using a systematic search strategy (44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review). In all studies, a total of 2375 women with signs and symptoms of COVID‐19, who were in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, were assessed mild to moderate pneumonia was one of the most common symptoms. Seventy‐three percent of the women did not present any comorbidity, 19% had a fever, 17% had to cough as the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms, 7.5% had pulmonary changes with chest scans, 8% had increased C reactive protein, and 9.4% had decreased lymphocytes (lymphocytopenia). A total of 2716 newborns and fetal were assessed; the delivery method of 1725 of them was reported, 913 (53%) through C‐section delivery, and 812 through normal vaginal delivery (47%). Of total newborns, 13 died (five died along with the mother), and 1965 were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2:118 tested positive. In a study, vertical transmission in seven cases was reported in total of 145 cases assessed.ConclusionIt appeared that most pregnant COVID patients were mildly ill, and there is currently no convincing evidence to support the vertical transmission of COVID‐19 disease. Therefore, neonates do not represent any additional risk for adverse outcomes neither during the prenatal period nor after birth.
Iron deficiency is related to low functional outcome in patients at early rehabilitation after acute stroke
Authors: Doehner Wolfram , Scherbakov Nadja , Schellenberg Tim , Jankowska Ewa A. , Scheitz Jan F. , von Haehling Stephan , Joebges Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency (ID) is a common co‐morbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease and contributes to impaired functional capacity. The relevance of ID in patients in recovery after acute stroke is not known. We assessed the prevalence of ID and anaemia in relation to functional capacity and to recovery during early rehabilitation after stroke.MethodsThis observational study enrolled consecutively 746 patients with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke at in‐patient early rehabilitation (age 68 ± 13 years, female 47%, ischaemic stroke 87%). Functional capacity was assessed before and after rehabilitation using Barthel index (reha‐BI), motricity index (MI), trunk control test (TCT), and functional ambulatory category (FAC). ID was defined as ferritin <100 μg/L or as transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20% if ferritin was 100‐ < 300 μg/L or if CrP > 5 mg/L. Anaemia was defined as Hb < 12 g/dL (women) and <13 g/dL (men).ResultsThe prevalence of ID and anaemia before rehabilitation were 45% and 46%, respectively, and remained high at discharge (after 27 ± 17 days) at 40% and 48%, respectively. Patients with ID had lower functional capacity compared with patients without ID (reha‐BI 20 [±86] vs. 40 [±80], MI 64 [±66] vs. 77 [±41], TCT 61 [±76] vs. 100 [±39], FAC 1 [±4] vs. 4 [±4]; median [IQR], all P < 0.001). ID was related to inflammation (OR 2.68 [95% CI 1.98–3.63], P < 0.001), female sex (OR 2.13 [95% CI 1.59–2.85], P < 0.001), haemorrhagic stroke (OR 1.70 [95% CI 1.11–2.61], P = 0.015), initial treatment on stroke unit (OR 3.59 [95% CI 1.08–11.89], P < 0.001), and anaemia (OR 2.94 [95% CI 2.18–3.96], P < 0.001), while age, BMI, and renal function were not related to ID. In adjusted analysis, ID was associated with low functional capacity in all functional scores: reha‐BI (OR 1.66 [95% CI 1.08–2.54], P = 0.02), motricity index (OR 1.94 [95% CI 1.36–2.76], P < 0.001), trunk control test (OR 2.34 [95% CI] 1.64–3.32, P < 0.001) and functional ambulatory category (OR 1.77 [95% CI 1.2–2.63], P < 0.02). Functional capacity improved during rehabilitation regardless of presence of ID, but functional outcome remained significantly lower in patients with ID at the end of rehabilitation (rehab BI and MI, both P < 0.001).ConclusionsIron deficiency and anaemia are common and persistent findings in patients after acute stroke. ID and anaemia are independently related to lower functional capacity after acute stroke and to poor functional outcome after rehabilitation. Regular assessment of iron status may identify patients at risk of low functional recovery.
Wreath product in automorphism groups of graphs
Authors: Grech Mariusz , Kisielewicz Andrzej 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe automorphism group of the composition of graphs contains the wreath product of the automorphism groups of the corresponding graphs. The classical problem considered by Sabidussi and Hemminger was under what conditions has no other automorphisms. In this paper we consider questions related to the converse: if the automorphism group of a graph is a wreath product , are the smaller groups necessarily automorphism groups of graphs? And if so, are the corresponding smaller graphs involved in the construction? We consider these questions for the wreath product in its natural imprimitive action (which refers to the results by Sabidussi and Hemminger), and in generalization to colored graphs, which seems to be a more appropriate setting. For this case we have a fairly complete answer. Yet, we also consider the same problems for the wreath product in its product action. This turns out to be more complicated and we have only partial results. Our considerations in this part lead to interesting open questions involving hypergraphs and to an analogue of the Sabidussi–Hemminger problem for a related graph construction.