bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taṭbīq Namūzaj at-Taʿlīm bi al-Takhmīn li Istīʿāb al-Mufradāt al-Lugah al-ʿArabiyyah laday Talamīż Rauḍah al-Aṭfāl “Nūrul Husnayain” bi Bukittinggi
Authors: Sari Indah 
Published: August 2022

<p><em>This research is about applying the guessing teaching model to comprehend the vocabulary of the Kindergarten pupils "Nurul Husnayain, Bukittinggi. The problems in this research mean that some understand the lesson, and some do not. While studying, some are dumbfounded when they hear the teacher. When reading the lessons in singing style, the pronunciation is read long but short, and vice versa. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. The research tools are interviews and observation. The method of data analysis used in this research is the analysis of the Millis and Huberman model, which means summarizing and exposing the data. As for the research results, there is an application of a guessing teaching model to comprehend vocabulary among pupils of Kindergarten "Nurul Husnayaian" Bukitinggi. Teaching with this model is effective to be applied in Kindergarten "TAUD NUHA." From the research results, students can answer the guesswork from the characteristics conferred by the teacher.<br /><br /></em></p><p dir="RTL">هذا البحث عن تطبيق نموذج تعليم التخمين لاستيعاب المفردات اللغة العربية لدى تلاميذ روضة الأطفال "نور الحسنيين" ببوكيت تنجي. المشكلات في هذا البحث يعني يفهم البعض الدرس، والبعض الآخر لا أثناء الدراسة، يصاب البعض بالذهول عند الاستماع إلى المعلمة. عند قراءة الدروس بطريقة الغناء، يقرأ النطق طويلاً ولكن مختصرًا والعكس صحيح. أما نوع البحث المستخدم هو بحث الوصفي الكيفي. وأدوات البحث هي مقابلة وملاحظة. وأسلوب تحليل البيانات الذي تستخدم الباحثة في هذا البحث هو تحليل نموذج ميليس وهوبيرمان يعني تلخيص البيانات وتعريضها. وأما نتائج البحث فهي توجد تطبيق نموذج تعليم التخمين لاستيعاب المفردات اللغة العربية لدى تلاميذ روضة الأطفال "نور الحسنيين" ببوكيت تنجي، تقوم الباحثة بتدريس نموذج تعليم التخمين باللغة العربية يتعلم التلاميذ فيه مفردات أعضاء الجسم. التعليم باستخدام هذا النموذج فعال ليتم تطبيقه في روضة الأطفال "تود نهى" ومن نتائج البحث، يمكن للطلاب الإجابة على التخمين من الخصائص التي ينقلها المعلم.</p>
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Matriks
Authors: Putri Desti Handika , Yunita Alfi , Mardiyah Ainil 
Published: August 2022

<p><em>This research was backgrounded by teaching materials used in the Private Ma mus Canduang, Agam Regency in the form of LKS and still unable to make students active in the learning process. This study aims to determine the practicality of the Student Worksheet (LKPD) based on a scientific approach to class XI matrix material. One of the materials that is difficult for students to understand is in matrix material. A common error is the wrongness of putting the matrix element. The research conducted was development research using the Plomp model which consisted of three stages, namelypreliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. This research was carried out until the prototyping phase, namely in practicality testing. The results of the LKPD validity test based on the scientific approach by the validator obtained a value of 86.8% with very valid criteria and the results of LKPD practicality based on a scientific approach obtained a value of 90.13% with very practical criteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that LKPD based on a scientific approach to the matrix material of class XI private MA students of MUS Canduang is very valid and very practical.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh bahan ajar yang digunakan di MA Swasta MUS Canduang Kabupaten Agam yang berupa LKS dan masih belum dapat membuat siswa aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepraktisan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada materi matriks kelas XI. Salah satu materi yang sulit dipahami oleh siswa adalah pada materi matriks. Kesalahan yang umum terjadi yaitu salahnya meletakkan elemen matriks. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model Plomp yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu <em>preliminary research, prototyping phase</em>, dan <em>assessment phase.</em> Penelitian ini dilakukan sampai tahapan <em>prototyping phase,</em> yaitu pada uji kepraktisan. Hasil uji validitas LKPD berbasis pendekatan saintifik oleh validator diperoleh nilai 86,8% dengan kriteria sangat valid serta hasil kepraktisan LKPD berbasis pendekatan saintifik diperoleh nilai 90,13% dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada materi matriks kelas XI siswa MA swasta MUS Canduang sangat valid dan sangat praktis.</p>
Pendekatan Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) dan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis
Authors: Utami Nita Putri , Aulia Silmi , Yulia Yulia 
Published: August 2022

<p><em>Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning approach is widely used to improve various abilities in the learning process. One of them is mathematical communication skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning approach in improving mathematical communication skills. This type of research is library research. There are 32 sources in the form of books, journals and proceedings which are edited, organized and research findings. The results obtained are that in the first step, RME understands contextual problems and is able to hone indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely expressing mathematical ideas through oral and written. In the second step, solving contextual problems is able to hone the second indicator of communication skills, namely the ability to understand, interpret, and evaluate mathematical ideas. In the third step, comparing and discussing answers is able to hone the third indicator of mathematical communication skills, namely the ability to use terms, mathematical notation and structures to present ideas, describe relationships and model situations. In the fourth step, draw conclusions to be able to hone indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely expressing mathematical ideas through oral, written and visually describing them. So it can be concluded that RME can improve mathematical communication skills.</em></p><p>Pendekatan pembelajaran Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan berbagai kemampuan dalam proses pembelajaran. Salah satunya adalah kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi pendekatan pembelajaran Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library study). Ada 32 sumber berupa buku, journal dan prosiding yang di editing, organizing dan penemuan hasil penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu pada langkah pertama RME memahami masalah kontekstual mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis yaitu mengekspresikan ide-ide matematika melalui lisan, tulisan. Pada langkah kedua menyelesaikan masalah kontekstual mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikasi yang kedua yaitu kemampuan memahami, menginterprestasikan, dan mengevaluasi ide-ide matematika. Pada langkah ketiga membandingkan dan mendiskusikan jawaban mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis ke tiga yaitu kemampuan menggunakan istilah, notasi matematika dan struktur-struktur untuk menyajikan ide, menggambarkan hubungan dan model situasi. Pada langkah keempat menarik kesimpulan mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikais matematis satu yaitu yaitu mengekspresikan ide-ide matematika melalui lisan, tulisan serta menggambarkannya secara visual. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa RME dapat meingkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis.</p><p> </p>
Frontières et artificialité : retour sur un mythe et ses implications sur le développement au Cameroun, 1960–2010
Authors: Erick Sourna Loumtouang Par 
Published: August 2022

Plusieurs études faites sur les frontières des États africains ont érigé leur artificialité en déterminisme sous-développementaliste. Dans cet article, je soutiens que l’artificialité des frontières utilisée comme modalité et paradigme explicatifs de l’émergence des conflits et du sous-développement sur le continent africain ne rend pas compte de la complexité des questions liées à la gestion de ces tracés. La réflexion se concentre sur la politique qui a accompagné la gestion des frontières au Cameroun depuis les indépendances. Celle-ci a été articulée autour de deux faits saillants qui expliquent l’instabilité aux « périphéries nationales » : d’une part, une gestion des frontières axée sur la consolidation de l’État à travers une politique qui fait de l’endiguement des risques militaires la finalité et le référent de l’État ; d’autre part, la sécurité aux frontières depuis les indépendances est caractérisée par une négligence de la sécurité humaine dans les espaces périphériques. Pour exemplifier cette situation, je critique, dans une première partie, l’idée d’artificialité des frontières africaines. Dans une seconde partie, j’analyse la politique camerounaise de gestion des frontières en soulignant son fort ancrage militaire depuis les indépendances. Je scrute enfin, en guise de perspectives, les défis concernant la gestion des espaces frontaliers dans ce pays. Cette réflexion contribue à la compréhension des débats sur l’instabilité en Afrique. L’atteinte de cet objectif est guidée par une approche combinatoire empirique qui associe aux sources primaires (archives, données orales) des sources iconographiques récoltées par une enquête de terrain menée dans l’Extrême-Nord camerounais
What Ever Happened to the Famous CMOS Stuck-Open Fault (aka The Memory Fault)?
Authors: Champac Victor , Gomez Roberto , Hawkins Chuck 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the causes and effects of stuck-open faults (SOFs) in nanometer CMOS ICs. It addresses detection and localization challenges and explains how resistive contacts and vias and the use of damascene-copper processes contribute to the problem. It also discusses layout techniques that reduce the likelihood of SOF failures.
What “Green” Means: Challenges for Failure Analysis
Authors: Holdford Becky , Stierman Roger 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the July 2006 implementation of RoHS (the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment), the electronics reliability industry has seen a changeover to lead-free solders and “green” mold compounds that have no bromine- or antimony-based flame retardants. This article addresses some of the challenges caused by implementation of the new requirements.
High-Resolution Tabletop Extreme-Ultraviolet Microscopy
Authors: Menoni Carmen S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent demonstrations of high-repetition-rate, high-brightness soft X-ray lasers are opening new possibilities for the development of compact imaging systems with spatial resolution approaching the illumination wavelength. This article examines some of configurations that have been used in these extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging systems and their general capabilities. One of the systems discussed uses the output from a 46.9 nm argon laser to render transmission and reflection-mode images with a spatial resolution of 120 to 150 nm. Another uses a 13 nm AgCd laser with Fresnel zone plate optics, producing transmission-mode images with a spatial resolution of 38 nm.
Useful Technique for Analysis of Fluid-Filled Capacitors
Authors: Silvus Stan , Cook Kenneth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fluid-filled metallized-polymer-film capacitors have unique failure mechanisms, many of which are related to insufficient fluid level, improper installation geometry, or both. Although such failures can be analyzed using X-ray testing equipment, it is often impractical or cost-prohibitive. This article describes some of the failure modes observed in fluid-filled capacitors and explains how to analyze them easily and inexpensively.
Use of a Nuclear Microprobe in Electronic Device Characterization
Authors: Guégan Hervé 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Microelectronics failure analysis is based on several approaches to study and understand the origin of failure. In addition to “classic” elemental methods (SIMS, ESCA, etc.), there are a number of less-common techniques that can be valuable but require significant equipment investment, specialized operators, and administrative infrastructure to make them available to analysts, if needed. Ion beam analysis methods (RBS, PIXE, NRA), found at the Bordeaux Nuclear Research Center (France), are examples of these specialized tool sets. The capabilities and improved sensitivities of this site for device examination are demonstrated by several examples.
Projected timeline to achieve gender balance within the United States neurosurgical workforce exceeds 150 years: a National Plan and Provider Enumeration System analysis
Authors: Mulligan Kathleen M. , Jella Tarun K. , Cwalina Thomas B. , Tsai Eve C. , Parr Ann M. , Woodrow Sarah I. , Wright James M. , Wright Christina H. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Despite incremental progress in the representation and proportion of women in the field of neurosurgery, female neurosurgeons still represent an overwhelming minority of the current US physician workforce. Prior research has predicted the timeline by which the proportion of female neurosurgery residents may reach that of males, but none have used the contemporary data involving the entire US neurosurgical workforce.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES) registry of all US neurosurgeons to determine changes in the proportions of women in neurosurgery across states, census divisions, and census regions between 2010 and 2020. A univariate linear regression was performed to assess historical growth, and then Holt-Winter forecasting was used to predict in what future year gender parity may be reached in this field.

RESULTS
A majority of states, divisions, and regions have increased the proportion of female neurosurgeons from 2010. Given current growth rates, the authors found that female neurosurgeons will not reach the proportion of women in the overall medical workforce until 2177 (95% CI 2169–2186). Furthermore, they found that women in neurosurgery will not match their current proportion of the overall US population until 2267 (95% CI 2256–2279).

CONCLUSIONS
Whereas many studies have focused on the overall increase of women in neurosurgery in the last decade, this one is the first to compare this growth in the context of the overall female physician workforce and the female US population. The results suggest a longer timeline for gender parity in neurosurgery than previous studies have suggested and should further catalyze the targeted recruitment of women into the field, an overhaul of current policies in place to support and develop the careers of women in neurosurgery, and increased self-reflection and behavioral change from the entire neurosurgery community.
A standardized infection prevention bundle for reduction of CSF shunt infections in adult ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery performed without antibiotic-impregnated catheters
Authors: Muram Sandeep , Isaacs Albert M. , Sader Nicholas , Holubkov Richard , Fong Annie , Conly John , Hamilton Mark G. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion and revision surgeries are some of the most common procedures that are performed by neurosurgeons. Shunt infections within the adult population are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and rates remain high. The objective of the current study was to use quality improvement (QI) methodology to create a standardized infection prevention bundle aimed at reducing the rate of shunt infections.

METHODS
A prospective, single-center, single-surgeon QI study was undertaken. Patients were included if they were 18 years of age or older and were undergoing a VP shunt insertion or revision. The primary outcome of the study was the development of a shunt-related surgical site infection, within 1 year of surgery, as defined according to the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program guidelines. There was no standardized protocol prior to July 2013. A bundle coined as the Calgary Adult Shunt Infection Prevention Protocol (CASIPP) was implemented on July 1, 2013, and updated on July 1, 2015, when 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol replaced povidone-iodine for preoperative skin antisepsis. Protocol compliance was regularly monitored using a standardized process. No antibiotic-impregnated catheters were used.

RESULTS
A total of 621 consecutive VP shunt insertions and revisions were included in the study. The rate of shunt infection was 5.8% during the period in which there was no standardized shunt protocol. After the implementation of the CASIPP the infection rate decreased to 4.0%, and after introduction of the chlorhexidine/alcohol skin antisepsis, the infection rate was 0% in 379 consecutive procedures (p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the use of chlorhexidine/alcohol with CASIPP was associated with a significant reduction in the odds of developing a shunt infection (OR 0.032, 95% CI 0–0.19, p = 0.0005).

CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of a standardized shunt infection prevention bundle within the adult population, without the use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters, significantly reduced the rate of shunt infections which was sustained over many years. The use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol for preoperative antisepsis may have played a significant role. Multicenter studies should be completed to verify the effectiveness of the authors’ protocol.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of radiosurgical capsulotomy versus treatment as usual for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Najera Ricardo A. , Gregory Sean T. , Shofty Ben , Anand Adrish , Gadot Ron , Youngerman Brett E. , Storch Eric A. , Goodman Wayne K. , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Stereotactic radiosurgical capsulotomy (SRS-C) is an effective neurosurgical option for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TROCD). Unlike other procedures such as deep brain stimulation and radiofrequency ablation, the cost-effectiveness of SRS-C for TROCD has not been investigated. The authors herein report the first cost-effectiveness analysis of SRS-C for TROCD.

METHODS
Using a decision analytic model, the authors compared the cost-effectiveness of SRS-C to treatment as usual (TAU) for TROCD. Treatment response and complication rates were derived from a review of relevant clinical trials. Published algorithms were used to convert Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores into utility scores reflecting improvements in quality of life. Costs were approached from the healthcare sector perspective and were drawn from Medicare reimbursement rates and available healthcare economics data. A Monte Carlo simulation and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

RESULTS
One hundred fifty-eight TROCD patients across 9 studies who had undergone SRS-C and had at least 36 months of follow-up were included in the model. Compared to TAU, SRS-C was more cost-effective, with an estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $28,960 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Within the 3-year time horizon, net QALYs gained were greater in the SRS-C group than the TAU group by 0.27 (95% CI 0.2698–0.2702, p < 0.0001). At willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per QALY, the Monte Carlo simulation revealed that SRS-C was more cost-effective than TAU in 83% and 100% of iterations, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared to TAU, SRS-C for TROCD is more cost-effective under a range of possible cost and effectiveness values.
Equity in neurosurgery: a worldwide survey of women neurosurgeons
Authors: Koutsouras George W. , Zhang Lu , Zanon Nelci , Lam Sandi , Boop Frederick A. , Tovar-Spinoza Zulma 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
The global neurosurgery workforce does not have a defined stance on gender equity. The authors sought to study and characterize the demographic features of the international women neurosurgery community and to better understand the perceptions and reflections of their neurosurgical careers. The objective was to define and characterize the workplace inequities faced by the global women neurosurgeon community.

METHODS
A 58-item cross-sectional survey was distributed to the global women neurosurgery community. The survey was distributed via an online and mobile platform between October 2018 and December 2020. Responses were anonymized. The authors utilized chi-square analysis to differentiate variables (e.g., career satisfaction) between various groups (e.g., those based on academic position). The authors calculated 95% CIs to establish significance.

RESULTS
Among 237 respondents, approximately 40% were between the ages of 26 and 35 years. Within their respective departments, 45% identified themselves as the only woman neurosurgeon in their practice. Forty-three percent stated that their department supported women neurosurgeons for leadership roles. Seventy-five percent of respondents were members of organized neurosurgery professional societies; of these, 38% had been involved in leadership roles. Almost 60% of respondents postponed their decision to get pregnant because of resident or work-related influences.

CONCLUSIONS
This survey provides international feedback for characterizing and understanding the experiences of women neurosurgeons worldwide. Future research should aim to understand all neurosurgeons’ experiences throughout the pipeline and career life cycle of neurosurgery in order to improve the field of neurosurgery.
Effect of spinach-derived glutathione against carbon tetrachloride-induced stress in rats
Authors: Abdulkareem Abdulrazak Enas , Jameel Oaswaa Yousif 
Published: August 2022

Background: Increased consumption of natural antioxidants found in vegetables and fruits has been linked to a lower risk of disease caused by oxidative stress.Objective: The current study's focus was to compare the antioxidant properties of synthetic glutathione and glutathione derived from spinach against CCl4-induced stress in female albino rats. Materials and Methods: Cold chloroform extraction was used to prepare the spinach leaf extract. Glutathione was then extracted from the spinach leaf extract using preparative HPLC afterward when the concentration of glutathione was measured in the extract. Biological preventive and therapeutic experiments were conducted, where laboratory rats were divided into 6 groups, the first group G1 (positive control group), the second group G2 (negative control group), the third group G3 preventive experiment 1 (group glutathione extracted from spinach + CCl4), the fourth group G4 therapeutic experiment 1 (Group CCl4+ Glutathione extracted from spinach), the fifth group G5 Preventive experiment 2 (Group of synthetic glutathione + CCl4), the sixth group G6 therapeutic experiment 2 (Group CCl4+ Glutathione extracted from spinach). Results: Treatment of rats with spinach-derived synthetic glutathione, before or after they were given CCl4 subcutaneous, improved the values of parameters near to normal levels in the positive control animals in groups treated with spinach-derived glutathione (G3 and G4) compared to treatment with synthetic glutathione (G5 and G6). Administration of milk with glutathione derived from Iraqi spinach leaves exhibited favorable effects on oxidative stress, greatly enhanced the antioxidant system, and protected rats from liver damage brought on by carbon tetrachloride compared to milk with synthetic glutathione. Keywords: Iraqi spinach, Functional food, Natural antioxidant, Oxidative stress, synthetic glutathione.