bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade facilitation, institutions, and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Jiahao Shen , Ibrahim Ridwan Lanre , Bello Kazeem Ajide , Oke David Mautin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the direct and interactive impacts of trade facilitation and institutions on sustainable economic growth (SEG) for 41 Sub‐Saharan African economies from 2005 to 2019. The study explores the components of trade facilitation focusing on costs, documents and days (exports and imports) with the aggregated index (TFindex) and institutions, including voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, political stability and violence, and control of corruption, used on GDP per capita growth. The empirical evidence relies on the two‐step dynamic‐system generalized method of moments estimator, accounting for endogeneity, simultaneity, measurement error and reverse causality concerns. The study finds that facilitating trade procedures is a viable option for achieving SEG in the Sub‐Saharan Africa region. In addition, institutions driven by government effectiveness, political stability, and regulatory quality are boosters to SEG in the region. Lastly, the interactive impacts of trade facilitation and institutions positively predict the SEG. The study suggests that achieving efficient trading procedures and a sturdy institutional framework will enhance full exploration of the growth potential in SEG.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of single gene disorders by paternal mutation exclusion: 3 years of clinical experience
Authors: Pacault Mathilde , Verebi Camille , Lopez Maureen , Vaucouleur Nicolas , Orhant Lucie , Deburgrave Nathalie , Leturcq France , Vidaud Dominique , Girodon Emmanuelle , Bienvenu Thierry , Nectoux Juliette 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesCell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) analysis is performed routinely for aneuploidy screening, RhD genotyping or sex determination. Although applications to single gene disorders (SGD) are being rapidly developed worldwide, only a few laboratories offer cffDNA testing routinely as a diagnosis service for this indication. In a previous report, we described a standardised protocol for non‐invasive exclusion of paternal variant in SGD. Three years later, we now report our clinical experience with the protocol.DesignDescriptive study.SettingMulti‐centre French.PopulationIndications for referral included pregnancies at risk of 25% or 50% of paternally inherited SGD, and pregnancies associated with an increased risk of SGD due to a de novo variant, either from strongly suggestive ultrasound findings or from a possible parental germinal mosaicism in the context of a previously affected child.MethodsNon‐invasive prenatal diagnosis was performed using custom assays for droplet digital PCR. Feasibility, diagnostic performance and turn‐around time were evaluated.ResultsMean time for a new assay design and validation was evaluated at 14 days, and mean result reporting time was 6 days. All referred pathogenic variants could be targeted except one located in a complex genomic region. A result was obtained for every 198 referrals except two.ConclusionThis service was successfully implemented as a routine laboratory practice. It has been widely adopted by French clinicians and patients for paternal variant exclusion in various disorders.Tweetable abstract:A robust approach to non‐invasive prenatal exclusion of paternal pathogenic variant in a diagnosis setting.
Genome sequencing provides new insights on the distribution of Erwinia amylovora lineages in northern Italy
Authors: Albanese Davide , Cainelli Christian , Gualandri Valeria , Larger Simone , Pindo Massimo , Donati Claudio 
Published: April 2022

SummaryErwinia amylovora is a Gram‐negative bacterium that colonizes a wide variety of plant species causing recurrent local outbreaks of fire blight in crops of the Rosaceae family. Recent genomic surveys have documented the limited genomic diversity of this species, possibly related to a recent evolutionary bottleneck and a strong correlation between geography and phylogenetic structure of the species. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the genetic variability of co‐circulating strains during local outbreaks. Here, we report the genome sequences of 82 isolates of E. amylovora, collected from different host plants in a period of 16 years in Trentino, a small region in the Northeastern Italian Alps that has been characterized by recurrent outbreaks of fire blight in apple orchards. While the genome isolated before 2018 are closely related to other strains already present in Europe, we found a novel subclade composed only by isolates that were sampled starting from 2018 and demonstrate that the endemic population of this pathogen can be composed by mixture of strains.
Movement of Goods under the TCA
Authors: Barnard Catherine , Leinarte Emilija 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor many people, trade is about goods and so the most momentous aspect of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) is the provisions on goods. This article looks at the provisions on the trade in goods under the TCA and compares them with those on the Customs Union and the Single Market for goods under EU law (which still apply to Northern Ireland under the Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol). It argues that the approach to the movement of goods in the TCA has much more in common with the World Trade Organization's (WTO) provisions on goods, on which the TCA draws heavily, than EU law. This shift to a ‘WTO plus’ approach (as opposed to an ‘EU law minus’) is because the UK government considered that the Brexit vote gave a green light for a total break with the EU’s rules. Using four examples (the principle of non‐discrimination; the significance of a ‘0, 0’ agreement; regulatory barriers to trade; and mutual recognition), this article shows just how close the TCA Title on Trade in Goods is to WTO law – and how far it is from EU law.
The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland: Past, Present, and Future Precariousness
Authors: Hayward Katy , Komarova Milena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article considers the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the UK–EU Withdrawal Agreement as a ‘flexible and imaginative’ response to the problems that Brexit has created for the island of Ireland. It looks at the purpose of the Protocol and its origins, noting the reasons why flexibility was required from both sides. It then considers the ways in which precariousness from its conception has been demonstrated in its first year of operation. This focuses upon four main areas: implementation, dynamic alignment, the democratic consent vote, and the UK–EU relationship. Its core argument is the ‘flexibility’ that the Protocol requires also means a certain degree of ambiguity. In the absence of a stable UK–EU relationship, this precariousness could exacerbate the difficulties of meeting the policy challenges that surround the Protocol for Northern Ireland, the UK, Ireland and the EU.
Physical exercise, immune response, and susceptibility to infections—current knowledge and growing research areas
Authors: Kurowski Marcin , Seys Sven , Bonini Matteo , Del Giacco Stefano , Delgado Luis , Diamant Zuzana , Kowalski Marek L. , Moreira André , Rukhadze Maia , Couto Mariana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis review presents state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise‐associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate‐intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. However, strenuous exercise, as performed by professional athletes, may promote infection: in about half of athletes presenting respiratory symptoms, no causative pathogen can be identified. Acute bouts of exercise enhance the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators, which may induce infection‐like respiratory symptoms. Relatively few studies have assessed the influence of regularly repeated exercise on the immune response and systemic inflammation compared to the effects of acute exercise. Additionally, ambient and environmental conditions may modify the systemic inflammatory response and infection susceptibility, particularly in outdoor athletes. Both acute and chronic regular exercise influence humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms, resulting in decreased specific and non‐specific response in competitive athletes. The most promising areas of further research in exercise immunology include detailed immunological characterization of infection‐prone and infection‐resistant athletes, examining the efficacy of nutritional and pharmaceutical interventions as countermeasures to infection symptoms, and determining the influence of various exercise loads on susceptibility to infections with respiratory viruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2. By establishing a uniform definition of an “elite athlete,” it will be possible to make a comparable and straightforward interpretation of data from different studies and settings.
Short‐term results of robot‐assisted colorectal cancer surgery using Senhance Digital Laparoscopy System
Authors: Sasaki Megumi , Hirano Yasumitsu , Yonezawa Hiroki , Shimamura Satoshi , Kataoka Atsuko , Fujii Takatsugu , Okazaki Naoto , Ishikawa Shintaro , Ishii Toshimasa , Deguchi Katsuya , Sato Hiroshi , Sakuramoto Shinichi , Okamoto Kojun , Koyama Isamu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Senhance Digital Laparoscopy System (Asensus Surgical Inc, Morrisville, NC, United States), which was introduced for the first time in Japan by our hospital, is a new surgical assistive robot following the da Vinci Surgical System. We herein report the short‐term outcomes of 55 colorectal cancer surgery cases using this system at our hospital to assess the feasibility and safety of our procedures.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the patient backgrounds and surgical outcomes of 55 patients who underwent Senhance‐assisted laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.ResultsThe median age was 71 years. There were 31 males and 24 females, and the median body mass index was 23.1 kg/m2. Fifteen patients had a history of abdominal surgery. The most common surgical technique was ileocecal resection (18 cases, 32.7%), followed by high anterior resection (11 cases, 20.0%). D2 or D3 dissection was performed in each operation, and D3 dissection was performed in 41 cases (74.5%). The median operative time was 240 minutes, the median blood loss was 5 mL, there were no intraoperative complications, and there were no cases of intraoperative blood transfusion. The median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days, which was comparable to conventional laparoscopic surgery. Postoperative complications of grade 2 or higher in the Clavien–Dindo classification were observed in two cases.ConclusionThe short‐term results of 55 colorectal cancer surgery cases using the Senhance Digital Laparoscopy System were excellent and the system was introduced and surgery was safely performed.
Parametric population pharmacokinetics of linezolid: A systematic review
Authors: Qin Yan , Zhang Li‐Li , Ye Yan‐Rong , Chen Yue‐Ting , Jiao Zheng 
Published: April 2022

AimsLinezolid is often used for the infections caused by drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria. Recent studies suggest that large between‐subject variability (BSV) and within‐subject variability could alter drug pharmacokinetics (PK) during linezolid therapy due to pathophysiological changes. This review synthesized information on linezolid population PK studies and summarized the significant covariates that influence linezolid PK.MethodsA literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Embase from their inception to 30 September 2021. Published studies were included if they contained data analysing linezolid PK parameters in humans using a population approach with a nonlinear mixed‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐five studies conducted in adults and five in paediatrics were included. One‐ and two‐compartment models were the commonly used structural models for linezolid. Body size (weight, lean body weight and body surface area), creatinine clearance (CLcr) and age significantly influenced linezolid PK. The median clearance (CL) values (ranges) in infants (0.128 L/h/kg [0.121–0.135]] and children (0.107 L/h/kg [0.088–0.151]] were higher than in adults (0.098 L/h/kg [0.044–0.237]]. For patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr ≤ 30 mL/min), the CL was 37.2% (15.2–55.3%) lower than in patients with normal renal function.ConclusionThe optimal linezolid dosage should be adjusted based on the patient's body size, renal function and age. More studies are needed to explore the exact mechanism of linezolid elimination and evaluate the PK characteristics in paediatric patients.
Evaluation and understanding of automated urinary stone recognition methods
Authors: El Beze Jonathan , Mazeaud Charles , Daul Christian , Ochoa‐Ruiz Gilberto , Daudon Michel , Eschwège Pascal , Hubert Jacques 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the potential of automated machine‐learning methods for recognizing urinary stones in endoscopy.Materials and MethodsSurface and section images of 123 urinary calculi (109ex vivoand 14in vivostones) were acquired using ureteroscopes. The stones were more than 85% ‘pure’. Six classes of urolithiasis were represented: Groups I (calcium oxalate monohydrate, whewellite), II (calcium oxalate dihydrate, weddellite), III (uric acid), IV (brushite and struvite stones), and V (cystine). The automated stone recognition methods that were developed for this study followed two types of approach: shallow classification methods and deep‐learning‐based methods. Their sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were evaluated by simultaneously using stone surface and section images to classify them into one of the main morphological groups (subgroups were not considered in this study).ResultsUsing shallow methods (based on texture and colour criteria), relatively high sensitivity, specificity and PPV for the six classes were attained: 91%, 90% and 89%, respectively, for whewellite; 99%, 98% and 99% for weddellite; 88%, 89% and 88% for uric acid; 91%, 89% and 90% for struvite; 99%, 99% and 99% for cystine; and 94%, 98% and 99% for brushite. Using deep‐learning methods, the sensitivity, specificity and PPV for each of the classes were as follows: 99%, 98% and 97% for whewellite; 98%, 98% and 98% for weddellite; 97%, 98% and 98% for uric acid; 97%, 97% and 96% for struvite; 99%, 99% and 99% for cystine; and 94%, 97% and 98% for brushite.ConclusionEndoscopic stone recognition is challenging, and few urologists have sufficient expertise to achieve a diagnosis performance comparable to morpho‐constitutional analysis. This work is a proof of concept that artificial intelligence could be a solution, with promising results achieved for pure stones. Further studies on a larger panel of stones (pure and mixed) are needed to further develop these methods.
The British journal of learning disabilities: A history
Authors: Jarrett Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines the 50 year history of theBritish Journal of Learning Disabilities, which was launched as Apex, theJournal of the Institute of Mental Subnormality, in 1973. Changes in language and terminology are tracked and the journal is placed in the context of wider policy and social developments. Three general phases are identified in the trajectory of the journal: the hospital period, the shift to community care, and the post‐institutional period. The journal was not entirely anti‐institution in its earliest days, and each transition through its different phases is gradual rather than abrupt. The enduring continuity of the journal's commitment to interdisciplinarity, eclecticism and practice‐based research is evident throughout, and some of the controversies that have arisen from this approach are examined. The conflict between the desire to include people with learning disabilities in the journal and the academic demands of journal production is described.
The HOXC‐AS2/miR‐876‐5p/HKDC1 axis regulates endometrial cancer progression in a high glucose‐related tumor microenvironment
Authors: Guo Jing , Ye Feng , Xie Wenli , Zhang Xinxin , Zeng Ru , Sheng Wang , Mi Yanjun , Sheng Xiugui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is related to chronic inflammation and is currently identified as a risk factor for the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer (EC). Pyroptosis is a new proinflammatory form of programmed cell death that plays a critical role in the progression of multiple diseases. However, the important role of pyroptosis in high‐glucose (HG)‐related EC and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, transcriptome high‐throughput sequencing revealed significantly higher hexokinase domain‐containing 1 (HKDC1) expression in EC patients with diabetes than in EC patients with normal glucose. Mechanistically, HKDC1 regulates HG‐induced cell pyroptosis by modulating the production of reactive oxygen species and pyroptosis‐induced cytokine release in EC. In addition, HKDC1 regulates TME formation by enhancing glycolysis, promoting a metabolic advantage in lactate‐rich environments to further accelerate EC progression. Subsequently, miR‐876‐5p was predicted to target the HKDC1 mRNA, and HOXC‐AS2 was identified to potentially inhibit the miR‐876‐5p/HKDC1 axis in regulating cell pyroptosis in HG‐related EC. Collectively, we elucidated the regulatory role of the HOXC‐AS2/miR‐876‐5p/HKDC1 signal transduction axis in EC cell pyroptosis at the molecular level, which may provide an effective therapeutic target for patients with diabetes who are diagnosed with EC.
Principles for the production of evidence‐based guidance for conservation actions
Authors: Downey Harriet , Bretagnolle Vincent , Brick Cameron , Bulman Caroline R. , Cooke Steven J. , Dean Mike , Edmonds Bob , Frick Winifred F. , Friedman Kim , McNicol Catherine , Nichols Christopher , Herbert Saul , O'Brien David , Ockendon Nancy , Petrovan Silviu , Stroud David , White Thomas B. , Worthington Thomas A. , Sutherland William J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany types of guidance documents inform conservation by providing practical recommendations for the management of species and habitats. To ensure effective decisions are made, such guidance should be based upon relevant and up‐to‐date evidence. We reviewed conservation guidance for mitigation and management of species and habitats in the United Kingdom and Ireland, identifying 301 examples produced by over 50 organizations. Of these, only 29% provided a reference list, of which only 32% provided reference(s) relevant to justify the recommended actions (9% of the total). Furthermore, even this guidance was often outdated, lacked a methodology for production, or did not highlight uncertainty in the key evidence that supported the recommendations. These deficiencies can lead to misguided and ineffective conservation practices, policies, and decisions, and a waste of resources. Based on this review and co‐design by experts from 14 organizations, we present a set of principles for ensuring sufficient and relevant evidence is transparently incorporated into future conservation guidance. Producing evidence‐based guidance in line with these principles would enable more effective conservation outcomes.
Mental health conditions and risk of first‐ever ischaemic stroke and death in patients with incident atrial fibrillation: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Teppo Konsta , Jaakkola Jussi , Biancari Fausto , Halminen Olli , Putaala Jukka , Mustonen Pirjo , Haukka Jari , Linna Miika , Kinnunen Janne , Tiili Paula , Kouki Elis , Penttilä Tero , Hartikainen Juha , Aro Aapo L. , Airaksinen K. E. Juhani , Lehto Mika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) patients with mental health conditions (MHCs) have higher incidence of ischaemic stroke (IS) than patients without MHC, but whether this results from direct impact of MHCs or relates to higher prevalence of comorbidities and differences in the use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy is unclear. We assessed the hypothesis that MHCs independently increase the risk of IS in patients with incident AF.MethodsThe nationwide FinACAF cohort covered all 203,154 patients diagnosed with incident AF without previous IS or transient ischaemic attack in Finland during 2007–2018. MHCs of interest were depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia and any MHC. The outcomes were first‐ever IS and all‐cause death.ResultsThe patients' (mean age 73.0 ± 13.5 years, 49.0% female) mean follow‐up time was 4.3 (SD 3.3) years and 16,272 (8.0%) experienced first‐ever IS and 63,420 (31.2%) died during follow‐up. After propensity score matching and adjusting for OAC use, no MHC group was associated with increased IS risk (adjusted SHRs (95% CI): depression 0.961 (0.857–1.077), bipolar disorder 1.398 (0.947–2.006), anxiety disorder 0.878 (0.718–1.034), schizophrenia 0.803 (0.594–1.085) and any MHC 1.033 (0.985–1.085)). Lower rate of OAC use partly explained the observed higher crude IS incidence in patients with any MHC. Depression, schizophrenia and any MHC were associated with higher all‐cause mortality (adjusted HRs [95% CI]: 1.208 [1.136–1.283], 1.543 [1.352–1.761] and 1.149 [1.116–1.175], respectively).ConclusionsIn this nationwide retrospective cohort study, MHCs were not associated with the incidence of first‐ever IS in patients with AF.
Entrustable professional activities in undergraduate dental education: A practical model for development and validation
Authors: Arunachalam Sivakumar , Pau Allan , Nadarajah Vishna Devi , Babar Muneer Gohar , Samarasekera Dujeepa D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveEntrustable professional activities (EPAs) are tasks that a person who is qualified or is in the process to be credentialed are allowed to engage. There are several levels of entrustment based on degrees of supervision assigned to each EPA. This paper aims to describe the process and outcome of creating EPAs; validate EPAs relevant to undergraduate dental training.MethodsA draft set of EPA statements was developed based on the consensus of an expert panel. These were then mapped to the nationally determined minimum experience thresholds (clinical and procedural experiences/competencies) and aligned to task‐based instructional strategy. The EPAs were validated to improve the relevance by using a criterion‐based rubric.ResultsAn end‐to‐end process workflow led to the development of an EPA‐based educational framework to bridge the gaps in the curriculum. The process identified a total of 41 EPAs and out of which, 10 EPAs were notated as core EPAs and will be subjected to structured workplace‐based assessment complying to the national standards. The validation exercise rated core EPAs with an overall score matching close to the cut‐off of 4.07 (Equal rubric).ConclusionThe end‐to‐end process workflow provided the opportunity to elaborate a structured process for the development of EPAs for undergraduate dental education. As validation is a continuous process, feedback from implementation will inform the next steps.