bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated slice‐specific z‐shimming for functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human spinal cord
Authors: Kaptan Merve , Vannesjo S. Johanna , Mildner Toralf , Horn Ulrike , Hartley‐Davies Ronald , Oliva Valeria , Brooks Jonathan C. W. , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Finsterbusch Jürgen , Eippert Falk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human spinal cord faces many challenges, such as signal loss due to local magnetic field inhomogeneities. This issue can be addressed with slice‐specific z‐shimming, which compensates for the dephasing effect of the inhomogeneities using a slice‐specific gradient pulse. Here, we aim to address outstanding issues regarding this technique by evaluating its effects on several aspects that are directly relevant for spinal fMRI and by developing two automated procedures in order to improve upon the time‐consuming and subjective nature of manual selection of z‐shims: one procedure finds the z‐shim that maximizes signal intensity in each slice of an EPI reference‐scan and the other finds the through‐slice field inhomogeneity for each EPI‐slice in field map data and calculates the required compensation gradient moment. We demonstrate that the beneficial effects of z‐shimming are apparent across different echo times, hold true for both the dorsal and ventral horn, and are also apparent in the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) of EPI time‐series data. Both of our automated approaches were faster than the manual approach, lead to significant improvements in gray matter tSNR compared to no z‐shimming and resulted in beneficial effects that were stable across time. While the field‐map‐based approach performed slightly worse than the manual approach, the EPI‐based approach performed as well as the manual one and was furthermore validated on an external corticospinal data‐set (N > 100). Together, automated z‐shimming may improve the data quality of future spinal fMRI studies and lead to increased reproducibility in longitudinal studies.
Blockade of T‐cell receptor with Ig and ITIM domains elicits potent antitumor immunity in naturally occurring HBV‐related HCC in mice
Authors: Wu Yuwei , Hao Xiaolei , Wei Haiming , Sun Rui , Chen Yongyan , Tian Zhigang 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of HCC and a serious health problem in China, East Asia, and North African countries. Effective treatment of HBV‐related HCC is currently unavailable. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of T‐cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) blockade in HBV‐related HCC.

Approach and Results:
A mouse model of spontaneous HBV‐related HCC was generated by replacing wild‐type hepatocytes with HBsAg+ hepatocytes (namely HBs‐HepR mice). The tumors in HBs‐HepR mice were inflammation‐associated HCC, similar to HBV‐related HCC in patients, which was distinguished from other HCC mouse models, such as diethylnitrosamine‐induced HCC, TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 knockout–induced HCC, HCC in a stelic animal model, or NASH‐induced HCC. HCC in HBs‐HepR mice was characterized by an increased number of CD8+ T cells, whereas the production of IL‐2, TNF‐α, and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) by intrahepatic CD8+ T cells was decreased. Increased expression of TIGIT on CD8+ T cells was responsible for functional exhaustion. The therapeutic effect of TIGIT blockade was investigated at the early and middle stages of HCC progression in HBs‐HepR mice. TIGIT blockade reinvigorated intrahepatic CD8+ T cells with increased TNF‐α and IFN‐γ production and an increased number of CD8+ T cells in tumors, thereby slowing the development of HCC in HBs‐HepR mice. Blocking PD‐L1 did not show direct therapeutic effects or synergize with TIGIT blockade.

Conclusions:
Blockade of TIGIT alone enhanced the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells during the progression of HBV‐related HCC in a spontaneous HCC mouse model.
The effect of 5 years of team sport on elderly males' health and social capital—An interdisciplinary follow‐up study
Authors: Pedersen Mogens T. , Nørregaard Line B. , Jensen Tanja D. , Frederiksen Amalie S. , Ottesen Laila , Bangsbo Jens 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsFloorball training induces positive effects on health among untrained older adults. However, the effect of long‐term participation (>2 years) in floorball training among elderly males has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 5 years of floorball training on risk factors for lifestyle diseases, fitness, physical function, and social capital of elderly males and compare to a control group that continued their usual lifestyle.MethodsTwenty‐nine recreationally active elderly men aged 75.1 ± 3.3 (mean ± SD; range: 69–81) years with a height, body mass, and body mass index of 1.78 ± 0.06 m, 79.8 ± 10.9 kg, and 25.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively, volunteered to take part in follow‐up investigations about 5 years after participating in a study on the effect of 12 weeks of floorball or petanque training. At the end of the parental study 15 subjects chose to participate in floorball training (floorball group [FG]) whereas 14 subjects (control group [CG]), resumed their usual lifestyle. FG participated in small‐sided floorball training 1 h ~1.75 times/week for 5 years in a local sports club.ResultsFrom baseline to 5 years, FG had reduced fat percentage, android, and visceral fat, increased total and leg bone mineral density, leg extension maximal voluntary contraction, maximal walk distance in 6 min and 30 s sit‐to‐stand repetitions, decreased time for 5 sit‐to‐stand repetitions and Timed Up and Go (p < 0.05). These changes were all different from less favorable changes in CG (p < 0.05). In FG there was a decline in maximum oxygen uptake which was smaller than the decline in CG (p < 0.05). In addition, FG had developed social capital through the 5 years strengthening their social connectedness and group cohesion.ConclusionIn conclusion, both from a sociological and physiological perspective, small‐sided floorball training can be considered a health‐promoting activity for older men.
Childhood obesity diagnosis and management remains a challenge despite the use of electronic health records: A retrospective study
Authors: Paquette Jean‐Sébastien , Théorêt Laurence , Veilleux Laurence , Graham Johann , Paradis Marie‐Pier , Chamberland Nathalie , Lanctôt Gabrielle , Breault Pascale , Pelletier Mathieu , Boudreault Samuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of electronic health records (EHR) has revolutionized medical practice by improving the quality of care. Childhood obesity (CO) increases the risk of developing other chronic diseases and has a serious psychosocial impact on children. Using EHR may improve this clinical condition since early diagnosis is a crucial means of preventing its negative impacts.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the diagnosis and management of CO in a Canadian academic family medicine group unit (FMG‐U) that uses EHR with an integrated CO diagnosis tool.MethodsThis is a retrospective study conducted in an FMG‐U in the province of Quebec. The clinical practice guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO) were used to assess diagnosis and management of CO. EHR of every patient from 5 to 12 years old who had a medical appointment at the FMG‐U in 2017 (n = 618) were analyzed. EHR use by clinicians was assessed by a closed‐ended online survey sent to clinicians who provided pediatric care at that clinic in 2017.ResultsWe identified 69 patients as obese according to the WHO, of whom 40 had been diagnosed by health professionals at the clinic. Of these, 33 received nutritional counseling; 33 received physical activity counseling; 13 received parent involvement counseling; 19 were referred to another health professional; and 12 were followed up within 6 months. Ten out of 15 clinicians responded to the survey. They all used the EHR integrated CO diagnosis tool but only 20% were truly familiar with it.ConclusionsThis study shows that CO is still underdiagnosed in primary care, notwithstanding the use of EHR with integrated tools. This affects the quality of care. Moreover, even if CO were correctly diagnosed, its management remains incomplete. Knowledge translation by medical organizations plays an important role in addressing this problem.
Developing a novel prediction model in opioid overdose using machine learning; a pilot analytical study
Authors: Sakhaee Ehsan , Amirahmadi Ali , Mahdiani Morteza , Shojaei Maziar , Hassanian‐Moghaddam Hossein , Bauer Roman , Zamani Nasim , Pakdaman Hossein , Gharagozli Kourosh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe opioid epidemic has extended to many countries. Data regarding the accuracy of conventional prediction models including the Simplified Acute Physiologic Score (SAPS) II and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II are scarce in opioid overdose cases. We evaluate the efficacy of adding quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) data to clinical and paraclinical data in the prediction of opioid overdose mortality using machine learning.MethodsIn a prospective study, we collected clinical/paraclinical, and qEEG data of 32 opioid‐poisoned patients. After preprocessing and Fast Fourier Transform analysis, absolute power was computed. Also, SAPS II was calculated. Eventually, data analysis was performed using SAPS II as a benchmark at three levels to predict the patient's course in comparison with SAPS II. First, the qEEG data set was used alone, secondly, the combination of the clinical/paraclinical, SAPS II, qEEG datasets, and the SAPS II‐based model was included in the pool of classifier models.ResultsSeven out of 32 (22%) died. SAPS II (cut‐off of 50.5) had a sensitivity/specificity/positive/negative predictive values of 85.7%, 84.0%, 60.0%, and 95.5% in predicting mortality, respectively. Adding majority voting on random forest with qEEG and clinical data, improved the model sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values to 71.4%, 96%, 83.3%, and 92.3% (not significant). The model fusion level has 40% less prediction error.ConclusionConsidering the higher specificity and negative predictive value in our proposed model, it could predict survival much better than mortality. The model would constitute an indicator for better care of opioid poisoned patients in low resources settings, where intensive care unit beds are limited.
MHD oscillatory flow of hybrid nanofluid along a vertical plate with ramped wall temperature, heat source, and thermal radiation: An exact solution
Authors: Kumbhakar Bidyasagar , Nandi Susmay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study looks at the characteristics of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convective hybrid nanofluid flow with heat transfer to an oscillating vertical plate. The impacts of thermal radiation and internal heat generation, as well as ramped wall temperature conditions at the boundary, are included in the study. The base fluid water is combined with alumina and copper nanoparticles to model fluid flow. A flow issue like this can occur in a variety of industrial and technical processes, such as aerodynamic heating, polymer manufacturing, and so on. The built dimensional controlling equations are transformed into the nondimensional form of equations using feasible similarity variables. The Laplace transform technique is used to solve the nondimensional equations analytically. Pictorial representations are used to investigate the sway of physical characteristics on velocity and temperature distributions. For all of the implanted parameters, the values of the local skin‐friction coefficient and local rate of heat transfer are determined at the boundary and displayed in tables. The velocity profile increases as the thermal Grashof number and time increase, but the magnetic parameter has the opposite effect on the ramping surface temperature and the isothermal plate. Similarly, the temperature profile of nanofluids has been discovered to have a direct relationship with characteristics such as thermal radiation, time, and internal heat generation.
The impact of career‐related parental behaviors on career decision‐making self‐efficacy and ambivalence—A latent growth model
Authors: Li Shengnan , Pan Qianqian , Nie Yangang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe current study investigated the developmental trajectory of adolescents’ career decision‐making self‐efficacy (self‐efficacy) and ambivalence in career decision‐making (ambivalence) as well as the longitudinal impact of career‐related parental behaviors (parental behaviors) on self‐efficacy and self‐efficacy on ambivalence.MethodsWe recruited 588 students from two elementary schools and three middle schools from city of Guangzhou, Province Guangdong in China. Participants were from Grade 4 to Grade 9 with an average age of 11.88 (SD = 1.63), 321 (54.6%) were male, and 9 (1.53%) were missing for gender. We applied a latent growth model using data from all three waves.Results and ConclusionAfter applying a latent growth model using data from all three waves, the results have indicated that self‐efficacy decreased as these participants transitioned from childhood to early adolescence, and that their ambivalence fell on an increasing trajectory. Cross‐sectionally, it indicated that “support” of parental behaviors was positively associated with self‐efficacy, and “interference” of parental behaviors was positively associated with ambivalence. Longitudinally, “interference” of parental behaviors was negatively predicting the change rate of self‐efficacy. A predictive relation did not exist between self‐efficacy and ambivalence, such that a negative correlation was observed on a cross‐sectional level. Implications and limitations are discussed as well.
The impact of stay‐at‐home regulations on adolescents' feelings of loneliness and internalizing symptoms
Authors: Barbieri Marielena , Mercado Evelyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted the daily social lives of adolescents by severely limiting social interactions which likely heightened levels of loneliness and a variety of internalizing symptoms. However, little is known about how social distancing adherence and subsequent stress caused by the novel social regulations impact adolescents' feelings of loneliness, and later mental health difficulties, including anxiety and depression.MethodTo close this gap, we examined the impact of social distancing regulations on adolescents' (N = 79; Mage = 16.16, SD = 1.15; 47 females; 23 males) depression and anxiety symptoms through loneliness by using data from a 5‐week longitudinal study conducted on adolescents in the United States during the initial phases of COVID‐19.Results and ConclusionsFindings provided evidence that loneliness plays a unique mediating link between social distancing and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Overall, the present study highlights how social distancing during the COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted adolescents' mental health during a developmental period that is considered a turning point for psychopathology.
microRNA‐497‐mediated Smurf2/YY1/HIF2α axis in tumor growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Weijun , Fan Wei , Li Peng , Yao Juan , Qi Jinyou , Chi Hao , Ji Guoxian , Zhao Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAberrant expression of microRNA‐497 (miR‐497) is associated with tumor progression, but the molecular mechanisms in tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we report that miR‐497 expression is downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) clinical samples. Consistently, upregulation of miR‐497 inhibits ESCC cell malignant properties and tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, we uncovered that miR‐497 upregulation suppressed ESCC cell growth and tumor growth by inhibiting Smurf2. Mechanistically, we showed that Smurf2 was a target of miR‐497, and mediated YY1 expression to elevate HIF2α expression, thereby enhancing the malignancy of ESCC cells. Together, our study uncovered the role of the miR‐497‐mediated Smurf2/YY1/HIF2α axis in tumor growth and metastasis, which might provide potential therapeutic targets for human ESCC.
Eating disorders and disordered eating in servicemen and women: A narrative review
Authors: Gaviria David , Ammerman Alice 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are mental illnesses impacting all aspects of an individual's life. Recent research has examined EDs and disordered‐eating behaviors in the military, a population subject to body composition standards, fitness requirements, and extreme stress. The purpose of this narrative review was to investigate ED and disordered‐eating prevalence and their risk factors in ROTC (reserve officers’ training corps), active‐duty, and veteran servicemembers. The secondary purpose was to provide policy recommendations to reduce the burden of these conditions in the military.MethodsPubMed and PsycINFO were reviewed for relevant articles. All studies including data on EDs or disordered eating in U.S. active‐duty, ROTC, or veteran populations were considered.ResultsResults revealed a high burden of EDs and disordered eating with bulimic‐ and binge‐type behaviors being the most common. Servicemembers exposed to trauma, including military sexual assault, and those with comorbidities like PTSD showed a higher prevalence. Body composition and fitness testing were also associated with a higher risk. Qualitative studies suggest these conditions serve as coping mechanisms for aspects of military life.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of EDs and disordered eating in the military points toward the importance of identification, treatment, and prevention. Policy change is necessary to protect servicemembers.
Sex‐dependent role of Pannexin 1 in regulating skeletal muscle and satellite cell function
Authors: Freeman Emily , Langlois Stéphanie , Scott Kaylee , Ravel‐Chapuis Aymeric , Jasmin Bernard J. , Cowan Kyle N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development and regeneration of skeletal muscle are mediated by satellite cells (SCs), which ensure the efficient formation of myofibers while repopulating the niche that allows muscle repair following injuries. Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels are expressed in SCs and their levels increase during differentiation in vitro, as well as during skeletal muscle development and regeneration in vivo. Panx1 has recently been shown to regulate muscle regeneration by promoting bleb‐based myoblast migration and fusion. While skeletal muscle is largely influenced in a sex‐specific way, the sex‐dependent roles of Panx1 in regulating skeletal muscle and SC function remain to be investigated. Here, using global Panx1 knockout (KO) mice, we demonstrate that Panx1 loss reduces muscle fiber size and strength, decreases SC number, and alters early SC differentiation and myoblast fusion in male, but not in female mice. Interestingly, while both male and female Panx1 KO mice display an increase in the number of regenerating fibers following acute injury, the newly formed fibers in male Panx1 KO mice are smaller. Overall, our results demonstrate that Panx1 plays a significant role in regulating muscle development, regeneration, and SC number and function in male mice and reveal distinct sex‐dependent functions of Panx1 in skeletal muscle.
The role of immune regulatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication for etiopathogenesis and prospective for treatment
Authors: Hemmatzadeh Maryam , Ahangar Parvin Elham , Mohammadi Hamed , Azizi Gholamreza , Shomali Navid , Jadidi‐Niaragh Farhad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered an autoimmune chronic disorder and the most common inflammatory arthropathy. Disease progression in RA begins with asymptomatic autoimmune responses in cases with a genetic or environmental predisposition, that alters to arthralgia phase as autoantibodies reach the joints and subjects begin demonstrating nonspecific musculoskeletal presentations lacking any clinical symptoms of synovial inflammation. After that, patients' symptoms develop to undifferentiated arthritis (UA)/idiopathic arthritis (IA) whenever the subjects progress to clinical synovitis systemic comorbidities affecting the vasculature, metabolism, and bone, and eventually with augmented immune cell infiltration, IA/UA patients progress to clinically classifiable RA. RA is mainly correlated with different immune cells and each of them contributes variously to the pathogenesis of the disease. The pathogenesis of RA is altered by the contribution of both T and B cells in an autoimmune irregularity. Modulation of the immune responses occurs through regulatory and inhibitory molecules that control activation of the adaptive system as well as immune hemostasis. To confine the exorbitant T cell‐associated inflammatory reactions, the immune system provides a system of inhibitory feedbacks, collectively named immune checkpoints. In this review, we aimed to discuss about inhibitory members of immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1)/PD‐L1, cytotoxic‐T‐lymphocyte‐antigen‐4, lymphocyte activation gene‐3, T cell immunoglobulin‐3, V‐domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation, B‐ and T‐lymphocyte attenuator, and T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain and their role in RA.
Cranial shape variation in domestication: A pilot study on the case of rabbits
Authors: Geiger Madeleine , Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. , Sherratt Emma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDomestication leads to phenotypic characteristics that have been described to be similar across species. However, this “domestication syndrome” has been subject to debate, related to a lack of evidence for certain characteristics in many species. Here we review diverse literature and provide new data on cranial shape changes due to domestication in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a preliminary case study, thus contributing novel evidence to the debate. We quantified cranial shape of 30 wild and domestic rabbits using micro‐computed tomography scans and three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics. The goal was to test (1) if the domesticates exhibit shorter and broader snouts, smaller teeth, and smaller braincases than their wild counterparts; (2) to what extent allometric scaling is responsible for cranial shape variation; (3) if there is evidence for more variation in the neural crest‐derived parts of the cranium compared with those derived of the mesoderm, in accordance with the “neural crest hypothesis.” Our own data are consistent with older literature records, suggesting that although there is evidence for some cranial characteristics of the “domestication syndrome” in rabbits, facial length is not reduced. In accordance with the “neural crest hypothesis,” we found more shape variation in neural crest versus mesoderm‐derived parts of the cranium. Within the domestic group, allometric scaling relationships of the snout, the braincase, and the teeth shed new light on ubiquitous patterns among related taxa. This study—albeit preliminary due to the limited sample size—adds to the growing evidence concerning nonuniform patterns associated with domestication.