bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High glucose impairs osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells via early diversion of beta‐catenin from Forkhead box O to T cell factor interaction
Authors: Dienelt Anke , Keller Kevin C. , zur Nieden Nicole I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes, which is characterized by an increase in blood glucose concentration, is accompanied by low bone turnover, increased fracture risk, and the formation of embryonic skeletal malformations. Yet, there are few studies elucidating the underlying alterations in signaling pathways leading to these osteogenic defects. We hypothesized here that bone formation deficiencies in a high glucose environment result from altered activity of beta‐catenin (CTNNB1), a key contributor to osteogenic differentiation, dysregulation of which has also been implicated in the development of diabetes.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we used a previously established embryonic stem cell (ESC) model of differentiation that mimics the diabetic environment of the developing embryo. We differentiated murine ESCs within osteogenic‐inducing media containing either high (diabetic) or low (physiological) levels of D‐glucose and performed time course analyses to study the influence of high glucose on early and late bone cell differentiation.ResultsEndpoint measures for osteogenic differentiation were reduced in a glucose‐dependent manner and expression of precursor‐specific markers altered at multiple time points. Furthermore, transcriptional activity of the lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)/T cell factor (TCF) transcription factors during precursor formation stages was significantly elevated while levels of CTNNB1 complexed with Forkhead box O 3a (FOXO3a) declined. Modulation of AKT, a known upstream regulator of both LEF/TCF and FOXO3a, as well as CTNNB1 rescued some of the reductions in osteogenic output seen in the high glucose condition.ConclusionsWithin our in vitro model, we found a clear involvement of LEF/TCF and FOXO3a signaling pathways in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation, which may account for the skeletal deficiencies found in newborns of diabetic mothers.
Does firms' carbon disclosure increase consumers' recycling willingness and firms' recycling performance?
Authors: Ma Yongchao Martin , Teng Ying , Deng Zhongzhun , Yang Zhilin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNowadays, firms are expected to actively respond and take actions to respond to global warming and carbon emissions reduction. As a part of a circular economy, recycling improves waste management and reduces carbon emissions for firms. In the development of firms' strategies, the problem of enhancing the recycling performance becomes a challenge. This paper explores how carbon disclosure influences firms' recycling performance from consumers' purposive inference of firms' recycling behaviors. First, based on a sample of 442 firms' data, we demonstrate that firms' carbon disclosure increases firms' recycling performance. To further explain this effect from the consumer's point of view, two online experiments (N1 = 445 and N2 = 433) show that firms' carbon disclosure increases consumers' recycling willingness, as it acts as an environmental appeal that raises consumers' communal intention inference about firms' recycling and thus enhances consumers' recycling willingness. Furthermore, we find that economic incentives do not increase consumers' recycling willingness. Our study suggests that firms should be cautious in using economic incentives when developing strategies to improve recycling performance and actively improve their carbon disclosures. Carbon disclosure can be used as an environmental appeal to increase consumers' recycling willingness and firms' recycling performance. It is also important to note that these findings have practical implications for governments, policy‐making authorities, and the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). The results of our study contribute to the literature on firms' recycling performance in circular economy (CE) and carbon disclosure from a theoretical perspective.
Research progress on nanoparticles applied in redox flow batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruiping , Zhou Haotian , Sun Peizhuo , Ma Qiang , Lu Mengyue , Su Huaneng , Yang Weiwei , Xu Qian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the focus on the utilization of renewable energy has continued to heat up. However, renewable energy has the drawbacks of intermittency and mismatch between power generation and electricity consumption in time and space, thus the energy storage system is indispensable. Redox flow batteries (RFBs), as an electrochemical energy storage system, have attracted widespread attention with the nature of flexible design and long service life. The components of RFB and the efficient combination of components play a key role in battery performance. Due to the size effect and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, the ionic conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical effects are improved in RFBs with the addition of nanoparticles, thus improving the power performance and charge–discharge cycle life of the battery. In this review paper, we mainly report the application and research progress of nanoparticles applied in RFBs. The applications of nanoparticles in electrode, electrolyte, and proton (ion) exchange membranes in aqueous and nonaqueous RFBs are briefly introduced, with emphasis on adjusting the type, size, surface treatment, loading method, and loading quality of nanoparticles. The transport property and electrochemical reaction rate of active species and charges in RFBs can be improved after the inclusion of nanoparticles, leading to the improvement of the power density, energy efficiency, and stability of the battery. The applications and research progress of nanoparticles in RFBs can be systematically and comprehensively understood via the analyses and discussions in this review. It also provides a new technical idea to promote the commercial development and deployment of high‐performance RFB.
Structural Fine‐Tuning and In‐situ Generation of P, O Vacancies in Hollow Co‐Ferrocene‐MOFs Derived Phosphides for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Gao Juan , Yu Xin , Li Yaxin , Ma Yurong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the high overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction seriously affect the efficiency of water splitting, catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction need further improvement by precise structural design and fine‐tuning. In this study, hollow Co‐Ferrocene‐MOFs derived phosphides are synthesized successfully. Phase conversion and vacancies generation are realized simultaneously in our strategy. By the subtle regulation of doped Zn, metallic Co2P increases gradually in the mixed ConP crystal phases and abundant P, O vacancies generate in‐situ. The synergistic effect of enriched P, O vacancies, metallic Co2P and the unique morphology endows catalysts with more reaction sites and high conductivity, leading to a remarkable catalytical performance. Zn doped CoFeP@NC with Co/Zn feeding ratio of 1 : 3 offers small overpotentials of 270 mV and 313 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. This study introduces a promising strategy for the synthesis of high efficiency catalysts.
Immobilization of AgCl/Pd Heterojunctions on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes: Interfacial Design‐Induced Electronic Regulation Enhances Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Gao Hao , Chen Zhiliang , Liu Huade , Lin Cunbiao , Sha Linna , Yang Yun , Zhuang Guilin , Wang Xiaojun , Zhan Wenwen , Han Xiguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRationally designing interface structure to modulate the electronic structure of a photocatalyst is an efficient strategy to facilitate the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers and improve photocatalytic activity. In this work, a AgCl/Pd heterostructure encapsulated by N‐doped carbon nanotubes (AgCl/Pd@N−C) with a fan‐like morphology assembled hollow tubes was synthesized by pyrolysis of a AgCl/Pd@Bim precursor. The unique interface structure not only increases the number of photogenerated charge carriers, but also provides an effective channel for the separation of electrons and holes, which have been proved by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As expected, the obtained AgCl/Pd‐3@N−C exhibited greatly enhanced conversion efficiency and recyclability toward the photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amine under blue‐light irradiation.
Microporous Framework (Nb, Fe)‐Silicate with Much Potential to Remove Rare‐Earth Elements from Waters
Authors: Lin Zhi , Tavares Daniela , Pereira Eduarda , Rocha João 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanoparticles of a new small‐pore metal silicate formulated as Na2.9(Nb1.55Fe0.45)Si2O10 ⋅ xH2O and exhibiting the structure of previously reported Rb2(Nb2O4)(Si2O6) ⋅ H2O have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. Replacement of the bulky Rb+by smaller Na+ions was accomplished by stabilizing the framework structure via partial occupancy of the Nb5+sites by Fe3+ions. Exploratory ion‐exchange assays evidence the considerable potential of this new silicate to remove rare‐earth elements from aqueous solutions.
Scanning Optical Spectroelectrochemistry: Applications in Protein Redox Potential Measurements
Authors: Bernhardt Paul V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe accurate measurement of redox potentials of small molecules is a relatively straightforward task using electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry. However, proteins, in most cases, are not amenable to the same approach due to slow heterogeneous electron transfer and the possibility of denaturing at the electrode surface. This necessitates the use of small molecular weight redox mediators to facilitate electron transfer. This leads to spectroelectrochemical techniques where the applied electrochemical potential is coupled to a spectroscopic signal of the protein. Traditionally this is done at different applied (fixed) potentials akin to an electrochemical titration, but the time required for electrochemical equilibrium to be established, and its consistent application, are major sources of experimental error. Here we have utilised a continuously scanning potential synchronised with time‐resolved UV‐vis spectroscopy to provide an automated approach that can be used to measure protein redox potentials accurately in an expedient manner. The test cases are the heme proteins cytochrome c and myoglobin. The scope and limitations of the method are discussed.
Numerical investigation on red blood cell flow based on unstructured grid
Authors: Li Guojie , Chen Bin , Wang Xinkai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrediction of blood cell flow is known as the difficult research by reason of the complexity of blood vessel. In this study, considering the complex structure of blood vessels, a mechanical model for red blood cell (RBC) based on unstructured grid has been established to study the flow characteristics of RBCs in complex blood vessels. In the model, the strain‐energy function by Skalak is employed to model the shear elasticity and surface‐area conservation of the membrane, and the hinge spring is used to describe the forces originating from local bending of the membrane. The immersed boundary method is utilized to couple the interphase force. Using the model, the stretching test of RBC is compared with the experiment data, and the good agreement verified the validation of the present model. The morphology of red blood cell and the blood viscosity in micro‐vessel are studied. RBCs move with a symmetric shape (parachute shape) in small blood vessels, and the buckling instability is observed when the RBC flow slowly through a micro‐vessel or a converging–diverging capillary. When the vessel diameter is around 10 μm, the reverse Fahraeus‐Lindqvist effect is presented. The blood apparent viscosity shows linear increase with the blood hematocrit. In addition, Malaria infection can make the RBC deformability decreased and the blood apparent viscosity increased.
Using the HepaCometChip Assay for Broad‐Spectrum DNA Damage Analysis
Authors: Owiti Norah A. , Kaushal Simran , Martin Lincoln , Sly Jamie , Swartz Carol D. , Fowler Jasmine , Corrigan Joshua J. , Recio Les , Engelward Bevin P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExposure to DNA damaging agents can lead to mutations that cause cancer. The liver is particularly vulnerable because it contains high levels of Cytochrome P450 enzymes that can convert xenobiotics into DNA reactive metabolites that form potentially carcinogenic bulky DNA adducts. As such, current requirements for preclinical testing include in vivo testing for DNA damage in the liver, which often requires many animals. Given that efforts are underway in many countries to reduce or eliminate the use of animals in research, there is a critical need for fast and robust in vitro tests to discern whether xenobiotics or potential pharmaceutical agents can damage the hepatocyte genome. One possible approach is to leverage the alkaline comet assay, which is used to assess genotoxicity based on the ability of damaged DNA to become free to migrate toward the anode during electrophoresis. The comet assay, however, has several limitations. The assay is (i) slow and (ii) vulnerable to experimental noise, (iii) it is difficult to detect bulky DNA adducts since they do not directly affect DNA migration, and (iv) cell types typically used do not have robust metabolic capacity. To address some of these concerns, we have developed the “HepaCometChip” (a.k.a. the HepaRG CometChip), wherein metabolically competent cells are incorporated into a higher throughput CometChip platform. Repair trapping is used to increase sensitivity for bulky lesions: undetectable bulky lesions are converted into repair intermediates (specifically, single‐strand breaks) that can be detected with the assay. Here, we describe a protocol for performing the HepaCometChip assay that includes handling and dosing of HepaRG cells and performing the CometChip assay. With its higher throughput, ability to capture metabolic activation, and sensitivity to bulky lesions, the HepaCometChip offers a potential alternative to the use of animals for genotoxicity testing. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: HepaRG cell culturing and dosingBasic Protocol 2: CometChip assay
Water Harvesting Strategies through Solar Steam Generator Systems
Authors: Onggowarsito Casey , Feng An , Mao Shudi , Nguyen Luong Ngoc , Xu Jiangtao , Fu Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSolar steam generator (SSG) systems have attracted increasing attention, owing to its simple manufacturing, material abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and environmentally friendly freshwater production. This system relies on photothermic materials and water absorbing substrates for a clean continuous distillation process. To optimize this process, there are factors that are needed to be considered such as selection of solar absorber and water absorbent materials, followed by micro/macro‐structural system design for efficient water evaporation, floating, and filtration capability. In this contribution, we highlight the general interfacial SSG concept, review and compare recent progresses of different SSG systems, as well as discuss important factors on performance optimization. Furthermore, unaddressed challenges such as SSG's cost to performance ratio, filtration of untreatable micropollutants/microorganisms, and the need of standardization testing will be discussed to further advance future SSG studies.
Solid‐State Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mixed PET/Cotton Textiles**
Authors: Kaabel Sandra , Arciszewski Jane , Borchers Tristan H. , Therien J. P. Daniel , Friščić Tomislav , Auclair Karine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWaste polyester textiles are not recycled due to separation challenges and partial structural degradation during use and recycling. Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles through depolymerization can provide a feedstock of recycled monomers to make “as‐new” polymers. While enzymatic PET recycling is a more selective and more sustainable approach, methods in development, however, have thus far been limited to clean, high‐quality PET feedstocks, and require an energy‐intensive melt‐amorphization step ahead of enzymatic treatment. Here, high‐crystallinity PET in mixed PET/cotton textiles could be directly and selectively depolymerized to terephthalic acid (TPA) by using a commercial cutinase fromHumicola insolensunder moist‐solid reaction conditions, affording up to 30±2 % yield of TPA. The process was readily combined with cotton depolymerization through simultaneous or sequential application of the cellulase enzymes CTec2®, providing up to 83±4 % yield of glucose without any negative influence on the TPA yield.
Divergent C−H Amidations and Imidations by Tuning Electrochemical Reaction Potentials
Authors: Choi Isaac , Trenerry Michael J. , Lee Ken S. , King Nicholas , Berry John F. , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrochemical C−H functionalizations are attractive transformations, as they are capable of avoiding the use of transition metals, pre‐oxidized precursors, or suprastoichiometric amounts of terminal oxidants. Herein an electrochemically tunable method was developed that enabled the divergent formation of cyclic amines or imines by applying different reaction potentials. Detailed cyclic voltammetry analyses, coupled with chronopotentiometry experiments, were carried out to provide insight into the mechanism, while atom economy was assessed through a paired electrolysis. Selective C−H amidations and imidations were achieved to afford five‐ to seven‐membered sulfonamide motifs that could be employed for late‐stage modifications.
Classification of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology of pancreatic space occupying lesions by Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System: A five year study
Authors: Chaudhary Dimple , Banga Priyanka , Sakhuja Puja , Goyal Surbhi , Saran Ravindra K. , Batra Vineeta V. , Srivastava Siddharth , Agarwal Anil K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMajority of the pancreatic cancer patients present at an advanced stage and have poor 5 year survival rate. Thus, there is a need for early detection of pancreatic cancer with the initiation of the therapy.Materials & MethodsThis is a retrospective study including all the endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) guided pancreatic FNAs from 2016 to 2020. The aspirate smears were analyzed and classified according to The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for Reporting Pancreaticobiliary Cytology (PSCPC).ResultsA total of 245 EUS guided FNAs from pancreatic lesions were included. Cyto‐histological correlation was done wherever available. Category I (non diagnostic) accounted for 40 cases (16%) cases, Category II (negative) comprised of 44 cases (18%); and Category III (Atypical) had 5 cases (2%). Category IV neoplastic‐benign category included 3 cases of serous cystadenoma, while neoplastic‐others category included pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (n = 21), solid pseudo‐papillary neoplasms (SPEN) (n = 12) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (n = 4). A total of 7 cases (2.8%) were reported in Category V (Suspicious). A diagnosis of adenocarcinoma (Category VI) was rendered in 105 cases (42.8%) cases. Rarer types included non Hodgkins lymphoma (n = 3) and one case of primary undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells. Cyto‐histological correlation in all categories was available in 58 cases with 8 false negative cases. Thus overall sensitivity of EUS guided FNAC was found to be 87.8% with a diagnostic yield of 83.6% while sensitivity in diagnosing adenocarcinoma was 96.9%.ConclusionThe present study highlights the spectrum of EUS guided FNA of pancreatic lesions in a subset of North Indian population and classified them according to PSCPC. EUS guided FNAC is a sensitive investigation which plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis of pancreatic space occupying lesions (SOLs) in advanced stage.
Processing of task‐irrelevant sounds during typical everyday activities in children
Authors: Debnath Ranjan , Wetzel Nicole 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOur ability to focus on a task and ignore task‐irrelevant stimuli is critical for efficient cognitive functioning. Attention control is especially required in the auditory modality as sound has privileged access to perception and consciousness. Despite this important function, little is known about auditory attention during typical everyday activities in childhood. We investigated the impact of task‐irrelevant sounds on attention during three everyday activities ‐ playing a game, reading a book, watching a movie. During these activities, environmental novel sounds were presented within a sequence of standard sounds to 7‐8‐year‐old children and adults. We measured ERPs reflecting early sound processing and attentional orienting and theta power evoked by standard and novel sounds during these activities. Playing a game versus reading or watching reduced early encoding of sounds in children and affected ongoing information processing and attention allocation in both groups. In adults, theta power was reduced during playing at mid‐central brain areas. Results show a pattern of immature neuronal mechanisms underlying perception and attention of task‐irrelevant sounds in 7‐8‐year‐old children. While the type of activity affected the processing of irrelevant sounds in both groups, early stimulus encoding processes were more sensitive to the type of activities in children.
Disposition of serum steroids in response to combined oral contraceptives and menstrual cycle phases: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Knutsson Jona Elings , Ekström Lena , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo analyze doping control samples from female athletes demands understanding of non‐doping factors that affect the steroid profile. These could be physiological factors such as exercise, alcohol consumption, hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, or the effect of commonly used approved drugs like combined oral contraceptives. Urine samples have been the main way of doping testing, but serum samples are proposed as a complement. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or the ratio of testosterone and androstenedione has been proposed as a biomarker for testosterone doping because it increases after transdermal testosterone administration. In this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of 340 healthy females, we analyzed the serum steroid levels, including glucuronide metabolites, before and after 3 months of combined oral contraceptives or placebo. At follow up, sample collection in the placebo group was randomly distributed between different menstrual cycle phases. This enabled to analyze changes in concentrations between the follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases. Combined oral contraceptives decreased all serum steroids including the glucuronide metabolites. As expected, serum testosterone levels increased during the ovulation phase, and also androstenedione and androstenediol, whereas the glucuronide metabolites remained unaffected. Neither combined oral contraceptives nor menstrual cycle phases did affect the ratio of testosterone and androstenedione in serum, and consequently this ratio seems promising as a marker of doping with endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids in women.