bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive functions and household chores: Does engagement in chores predict children's cognition?
Authors: Tepper Deanna L. , Howell Tiffani J. , Bennett Pauleen C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe benefits of completing household chores appear to transfer beyond managing day‐to‐day living. It is possible that chore engagement may improve executive functions, as engagement in chores require individuals to plan, self‐regulate, switch between tasks, and remember instructions. To date, little research has been conducted on household chores and executive functions in children, for whom these skills are still developing.MethodsParents and guardians (N = 207) of children aged 5–13 years (M = 9.38, SD = 2.15) were asked to complete parent‐report questionnaires on their child's engagement in household chores and their child's executive functioning.ResultsResults of the regression model indicated that engagement in self‐care chores (e.g., making self a meal) and family‐care chores (e.g., making someone else a meal) significantly predicted working memory and inhibition, after controlling for the influence of age, gender, and presence or absence of a disability. For families with a pet, there was no significant relationship between engagement in pet‐care chores and executive function skills.ConclusionWe strongly recommend that further research explore the relationship between chores and executive functions. It is possible that parents may be able to facilitate their child's executive function development through encouraging participation in chores, whereas chore‐based interventions (e.g., cooking programmes) may also be used to target deficits in ability.
SMYD2 epigenetically activates MEX3A and suppresses CDX2 in colorectal cancer cells to augment cancer growth
Authors: Pan Lizhen , Fan Yuejuan , Zhou Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDysfunction of the protein methyltransferase SET and MYND domain‐containing protein 2 (SMYD2) is frequently linked to multiple diseases including cancer. The study focused on the role of SMYD2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. SMYD2 was expressed at high levels in CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of SMYD2 in LOVO cells reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness in vitro and it suppressed xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo. Overexpression of SMYD2 in HCT116 cells led to inverse trends. Mex‐3 RNA binding family member A (MEX3A) was predicted as a target of SMYD2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and cellular assays were performed and validated that SMYD2 activated MEX3A expression by promoting H3K36me2 modification on its promoter. Data in the STRING bioinformatics system indicated caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) as an important MEX3A‐related gene. Silencing of MEX3A alone blocked proliferation and growth of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas MEX3A overexpression promoted cell growth by suppressing CDX2. In rescue experiments, MEX3A silencing suppressed the cell growth augmented by SMYD2, and CDX2 downregulation restored the malignance of cancer cells inhibited by MEX3A silencing. Taken together, this study reports that SMYD2‐mediated activation of MEX3A augments progression of CRC by suppressing CDX2.
Are agro‐clusters pro‐poor? Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Jr Tabe‐Ojong Martin Paul , Dureti Guyo Godana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGovernments and development agencies increasingly promote agro‐clusters as a pathway to improving smallholder incomes and ensuring inclusive rural development through mitigating production and market risks. However, there is very limited empirical evidence to support this promise. We use a large farm household survey of about 4000 smallholder farmers in Ethiopia growing cereals like teff, maize, wheat, maltbarley and sesame to examine the relationship between agro‐clusters and smallholder welfare and poverty. Using instrumental variable estimators, we establish a positive association between agro‐clusters, household income and per capita income. Agro‐clusters are also shown to reduce poverty and poverty gaps. Our results are robust over different agro‐cluster proxies and alternative estimators, such as the augmented inverse probability weighting estimator. We also show that our findings are unlikely to be driven by omitted variable bias. Moving beyond average effects and in the interest of understanding heterogeneous effects, we use quantile regressions at different income levels. We find that agro‐clusters are associated with welfare gains for all households. However, the most significant gains are observed for the wealthier households. Despite this regressive association, our findings suggest that agro‐clusters may be useful in making farming more profitable with significant welfare implications.
Bovidae‐based gelatin: Extractions method, physicochemical and functional properties, applications, and future trends
Authors: Samatra Muhammad Yazid , Noor Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd , Razali Umi Hartina Mohamad , Bakar Jamilah , Shaarani Sharifudin Md. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGelatin is one of the most important multifunctional biopolymers and is widely used as an essential ingredient in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. Porcine gelatin is regarded as the leading source of gelatin globally then followed by bovine gelatin. Porcine sources are favored over other sources since they are less expensive. However, porcine gelatin is religiously prohibited to be consumed by Muslims and the Jewish community. It is predicted that the global demand for gelatin will increase significantly in the future. Therefore, a sustainable source of gelatin with efficient production and free of disease transmission must be developed. The highest quality of Bovidae‐based gelatin (BG) was acquired through alkaline pretreatment, which displayed excellent physicochemical and rheological properties. The utilization of mammalian‐ and plant‐based enzyme significantly increased the gelatin yield. The emulsifying and foaming properties of BG also showed good stability when incorporated into food and pharmaceutical products. Manipulation of extraction conditions has enabled the development of custom‐made gelatin with desired properties. This review highlighted the various modifications of extraction and processing methods to improve the physicochemical and functional properties of Bovidae‐based gelatin. An in‐depth analysis of the crucial stage of collagen breakdown is also discussed, which involved acid, alkaline, and enzyme pretreatment, respectively. In addition, the unique characteristics and primary qualities of BG including protein content, amphoteric property, gel strength, emulsifying and viscosity properties, and foaming ability were presented. Finally, the applications and prospects of BG as the preferred gelatin source globally were outlined.
High‐pressure processing of fish and shellfish products: Safety, quality, and research prospects
Authors: Roobab Ume , Fidalgo Liliana G. , Arshad Rai Naveed , Khan Abdul Waheed , Zeng Xin‐An , Bhat Zuhaib F. , Bekhit Ala El‐Din A. , Batool Zahra , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeafood products have been one of the main drivers behind the popularity of high‐pressure processing (HPP) in the food industry owing to a high demand for fresh ready‐to‐eat seafood products and food safety. This review provides an overview of the advanced knowledge available on the use of HPP for production of wholesome and highly nutritive clean label fish and shellfish products. Out of 653 explored items, 65 articles published during 2016–2021 were used. Analysis of the literature showed that most of the earlier work evaluated the HPP effect on physicochemical and sensorial properties, and limited information is available on nutritional aspects. HPP has several applications in the seafood industry. Application of HPP (400–600 MPa) eliminates common seafood pathogens, such as Vibrio and Listeria spp., and slows the growth of spoilage microorganisms. Use of cold water as a pressure medium induces minimal changes in sensory and nutritional properties and helps in the development of clean label seafood products. This technology (200–350 MPa) is also useful to shuck oysters, lobsters, crabs, mussels, clams, and scallops to increase recovery of the edible meat. High‐pressure helps to preserve organoleptic and functional properties for an extended time during refrigerated storage. Overall, HPP helps seafood manufacturers to maintain a balance between safety, quality, processing efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms of pressure‐induced modifications and clean label strategies to minimize these modifications.
Pitx2 suppression at meiotic stages associates with seasonal inhibition of testis development in Rattus norvegicus caraco
Authors: TIAN Lin , LI Xixuan , YING Yaqi , WANG Lewen , QIAO Yanting , WANG Dawei , SONG Ying , LI Ning , LIU Xiaohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe bicoid‐related transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) plays a crucial role in the development of many organs and tissues by affecting the mitotic cell cycle. Postnatal testis development is related to mitosis and meiosis in multiple cell types, but the role of Pitx2 gene in seasonal inhibition of testicular development remains unknown in rodents. We analyzed PITX2 protein and Pitx2 mRNA expression features using both laboratory and wild male Rattus norvegicus caraco. In postnatal testicle of laboratory colony, we found that PITX2 was expressed in Leydig cells, pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongating spermatids rather than spermatogonia and leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes. Pitx2b expression significantly increased along with the occurrence of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, while decreased along with the processes of elongated spermatids. In wild male rats with similar testes weight, a significantly suppressed Pitx2b expression occurred with an active meiotic stage in the inhibited testes in autumn and winter, compared with the normally developing testes in spring and summer. These results indicate that Pitx2b expression suppression plays a crucial role in the seasonal inhibition of testis development.
Development of low‐fat and anthocyanin‐rich purple sweet potato vacuum fried chips
Authors: Chintha Pradeepika , Giri Namrata , Thulasimani Krishnakumar , Sajeev Moothandassery Sankarakutty , Safiya Shanavas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVacuum frying technology has proven to be one of the best methods to produce snack products with higher retention of health‐promoting/protecting nutraceuticals with reduced‐fat content. In this work, application and optimization of vacuum frying process for purple sweet potato have used response surface methodology‐based Box–Behnken design to produce low‐fat and anthocyanin‐rich purple sweet potato vacuum fried chips. The study showed the significant impact of frying temperature, vacuum pressure, and frying time on the chip's moisture and oil content, level of anthocyanin, visual impressions like color and texture. The selection of optimized frying parameters was carried out using a numerical optimizer and found to be 105°C for 7.08 min at a reduced pressure of 14.79 kPa. Compared to the atmospheric deep‐fried chips, the vacuum fried chips showed 86% retention of anthocyanin content and a 35.6% decline in oil content with a lower breaking force of 0.69 N. Overall, the study confirmed that vacuum fried purple sweet potato chips could be a viable option to produce snacks with high functional value to meet the current consumer demands.Practical ApplicationPurple sweet potatoes have the potential to produce healthy snack chips with lower fat content and higher functional characteristics when vacuum frying technology is used with optimized processing variables.
Milk protein hydrolysates obtained with immobilized alcalase and neutrase on magnetite nanoparticles: Characterization and antigenicity study
Authors: Li Hongbo , Yang Jingjing , Qin Airong , Yang Feifei , Liu Dingkuo , Li Hongjuan , Yu Jinghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnzymatic hydrolysis is the most commonly used method to reduce the antigenicity of milk protein, but free protease is unstable and difficult to recycle after application. In this study, alcalase and neutrase were selected for immobilization on the modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The reusability of the immobilized enzyme was 68.23% of the total starting activity after 5 recycling batches. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were an enzyme to substrate ratio of 6000 U/g and reaction at 50℃ and pH 8.5 for 3 h. Under these conditions, 22.76% hydrolysis of hydrolysate was achieved, and the antigenicity reduction rates of β‐lactoglobulin and casein were 21.34% and 30.89%, respectively. In addition, 82.75% of the hydrolysate had a molecular weight less than 1 kDa, and free amino acids represented 13.65% of the sample. This result showed that the hydrolysis with immobilized enzyme was similar to that with free enzyme and the immobilized enzyme could be applied to produce hypoallergenic hydrolysate.Practical ApplicationReduces milk protein allergenicity.
Creating foods for older adults: Emotional responses and liking of microwave‐assisted thermal sterilization processed meals
Authors: Romaniw Olivia C. , Montero Maria Laura , Sharma Madhu , Ross Carolyn F. , Duizer Lisa M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine emotional and liking responses to foods designed for older adults and made using microwave‐assisted thermal sterilization technology (MATS). Six chicken pasta meals (three each with and without herbs) were formulated with three concentrations of salt at 100%, 75%, and 50%. Seventy‐six community‐dwelling older adults conducted sensory and emotional evaluations. Sensory testing involved measuring liking of various sensory attributes using a 9‐point hedonic scale, Just‐about‐right scales to measure appropriateness of the intensity of the attributes, and check‐all‐that‐apply questions to identify perceived flavor and texture attributes. EsSense25 methodology was used for capturing food‐evoked emotional responses. Significant differences existed in all measured sensory attributes and in 14 out of the 25 tested emotions across the six meals. Liking scores for all pastas with herbs and high salt pasta with no herbs were not significantly different for all tested attributes and fell between neither like nor dislike and like slightly on the 9‐point hedonic scale. These samples were also associated with positive emotions related to energy and activation. Low‐salt pastas with no herbs were consistently the least liked samples and evoked negative emotions. Results show that sodium content can be reduced by up to half when herbs are added to microwave‐processed pasta meals without compromising liking.Practical ApplicationChicken pasta meals manufactured using microwave‐assisted thermal sterilization technology are acceptable to community living individuals 60 years and older. Emotional responses to the meal are positive. When formulating these meals, herbs can be added to lower sodium content formulations to improve liking and increase the number of positive emotions associated with the meal. Microwave‐assisted thermal sterilization, sodium reduction, emotional responses, consumer liking, older adults.
Colloid‐Pollutant Migration through Saturated Vegetative Filter Strips with Various Hydrodynamics Condition under Rainfall
Authors: Yu Congrong , Sun Xiaolu , Sun Yufeng , Yang Kang , Yu Zhongbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlow hydrodynamic condition impacts the deposition process on vegetation and removal of colloid and colloid‐associated contaminants in saturated vegetative filter strips (VFSs) under rainfall. A 9.6‐m‐long flume was constructed to investigate the retention of colloids through VFSs, with saturated soil and simulated rainfall. Colloidal filtration theory was applied to calculate the colloid deposition rate coefficient (kd) on vegetation surface. The result showed that removal efficiencies (η) of the single‐stem decreased, but colloid kd on the flume scale vegetation increased with increased Reynolds number (Re). Flume experiment found that the colloid retention rate in VFSs decreased as the Re increased. Since deposition on vegetation surface and diffusion into saturated soil are two main removal mechanisms, the discrepancy between kd and retention rate suggests that colloid diffusion into the soil was the dominant process of colloid removal in saturate VFSs. The research deepens the understanding of colloid transport mechanism in VFSs, and provides theoretical basis for the design of VFSs.
Tungsten Isotopic Constraints on the Nature of Earth's Accreting Materials
Authors: MEI Qingfeng , YANG Jinhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTungsten isotope is a powerful tracer for the Earth's accreting materials because of the distinct W isotope compositions of the non‐carbonaceous meteorites and carbonaceous meteorites. To better understand the evolution of the early Earth, here we calculated the expected μ183W of the bulk silicate Earth for different assumed compositions of the proto‐Earth's mantle, the Moon‐forming giant impactor, and the late veneer using a Monte Carlo approach. The result shows that the proto‐Earth likely has a non‐carbonaceous composition, while the carbonaceous chondrite‐like materials were delivered to the Earth at the late stages of accretion. The predicted difference in μ183W values between the bulk silicate Earth and the non‐carbonaceous meteorites of the scenarios assuming a pure carbonaceous composition for the giant impactor is slightly bigger than that of the scenarios assuming either a pure non‐carbonaceous or a mixed carbonaceous‐non‐carbonaceous composition for the giant impactor (∼5 ppm versus ∼2 ppm). The ancient mantle reservoir that partially lacks the late veneer with carbonaceous composition should have a negative μ183W value (from –3 to 0). Uncertainties introduced by the cosmogenic effects and mass‐independent fractionation should be concerned during the high precision measurement of μ183W for meteorites and ancient terrestrial samples in further work.
Molecular and metabolic characteristics of wastewater associated Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Behruznia Mahboobeh , Gordon David M. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWe previously characterized the genetic diversity of Escherichia coli strains isolated from septic tanks in the Canberra region, Australia. In this study, we used repetitive element palindromic (REP) PCR fingerprinting to identify dominant REP‐types belonging to phylogroups A and B1 strains across septic tanks. Subsequently, 76 E. coli strains were selected for whole‐genome sequencing and phenotype microarrays. Comparative genome analysis was performed to compare septic tank E. coli genomes with a collection of 433 E. coli isolates from different hosts and freshwater. Clonal complexes (CCs) 10 (n = 15) and 399 (n = 10) along with sequence type (ST) 401 (n = 9) were the common lineages in septic tanks. CC10 strains have been detected from animal hosts and freshwater, whereas CC399 and ST401 strains appeared to be associated with septic tanks as they were uncommon in isolates from other sources. Comparative genome analysis revealed that CC399 and ST401 were genetically distinct from other isolates and carried an abundance of niche‐specific traits involved in environmental adaptation. These strains also showed distinct metabolic characteristics, such as the ability to utilize pectin, which may provide a fitness advantage under nutrient‐limited conditions. The results of this study characterized the adaptive mechanisms allowing E. coli to persist in wastewater.
Development of a clinical pathway for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia care: A tool to improve resident outcomes
Authors: Kennedy Kate J. , Eckert Marion , Forsythe Deborah , Wagner Joanne , Sharplin Greg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesClinical pathways are used to improve the quality of care, reduce variation and maximise health or treatment outcomes in selected populations. The aim of this study was to develop a draft clinical pathway based on the best practice evidence for use in the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsThe pathway was developed using the best practice evidence from clinical practice guidelines, operational guides and a systematic literature review. A multidisciplinary team of health professionals and researchers worked in an iterative process to contextualise the proposed pathway to local needs and context, and improve its clarity and user‐friendliness. The pathway was then re‐assessed for accuracy and adherence to the evidence.ResultsThe draft pathway outlines processes for BPSD prevention, watchful waiting for mild‐to‐moderate BPSD, and specific interventions for severe BPSD. Ongoing risk assessment is required throughout, and non‐pharmacological options are first‐line interventions. Person‐centred care was found to be an important care component across all three phases. An instruction guide with colour‐coded flow charts was developed to assist staff with determining the best care and treatment for each person living with dementia. Feasibility testing is underway.ConclusionsA draft clinical pathway based on clinical practice guidelines was developed to enhance the translation of evidence into practice for the management of BPSD, by nursing and clinical leaders in RACFs.
Evaluation of the revised ISTH overt DIC score (2018) for predicting 90‐day mortality in critically ill adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Fang Ming , Zha Yutao , Bao Junjie , Huang Rui , Han Xuan , Yu Chao , Zhao Dongsheng , Wang Cui , Liu Nian , Shao Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCoagulopathy is a common and serious problem in patients who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and this study evaluated whether the 2018 diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) score established by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) is associated with 90‐day mortality in adult ECMO patients.MethodsA retrospective study analyzed data from adult patients receiving ECMO in our hospital from September 2018 to April 2021. Pre‐ECMO DIC score and other variables were assessed and compared to predict 90‐day mortality.ResultsAmong 103 eligible patients, 55.3% received V‐V ECMO and 44.7% received V‐A ECMO. The overall 90‐day mortality for study patients was 54.4%, including 45.6% in the V‐V group and 65.2% in the V‐A group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex, sepsis, and APACHE II score, pre‐ECMO DIC scores in the total and V‐V group predicted 90‐day mortality (odds ratio(OR): 1.419, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.101–1.828; OR: 2.562; 95% CI: 1.452–4.520). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves displayed that pre‐ECMO DIC score of 4 in the total and V‐V group was a good predictor of 90‐day mortality (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.606–0.806; AUC = 0.737, 95% CI: 0.604–0.870). Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated the 90‐day mortality of patients with pre‐ECMO DIC score ≥ 4 in the total and V‐V group was higher than that of patients with DIC score < 4 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.821, 95% CI: 1.632–4.879; HR: 3.864, 95% CI: 1.660–8.992).ConclusionThe pre‐ECMO ISTH DIC score was associated with 90‐day mortality in adult patients undergoing ECMO, particularly in the V‐V ECMO group.