bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Polarization Photocatalysis of ZnIn2S4 Material toward Hydrogen Evolution by Integrating Cascade Electric Fields with Hole Transfer Vehicle
Authors: Wan Jun , Liu Lin , Wu Yan , Song Jiarui , Liu Jiaqing , Song Ru , Low Jingxiang , Chen Xiaoli , Wang Jijiang , Fu Feng , Xiong Yujie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSluggish charge kinetics in photocatalysts and slow hole transfer in oxidation half‐reaction severely limit the photocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution. ZnIn2S4 with an asymmetrical layered structure of [S–In]–[S–In–S]–[Zn–S] unit cell is a promising material offering asymmetrical crystal polarization to overcome the limitation; however, the polarization‐induced internal electric field by this material remains largely unexplored. Herein, the polarization‐induced internal electric field of ZnIn2S4 by engineering the polarity intensity in microscopic units is demonstrated for the first time. Specifically, ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets are employed to establish a Ni12P5/ZnIn2S4‐O (NP/ZIS‐O) system with powerful bulk and interface cascade electric field by the oxygen doping and ohmic junction. Enabled by such a design, the photogenerated electrons can rapidly migrate to NP active sites, suppressing the photogenerated electron‐hole pair recombination on ZIS‐O. To further overcome the inefficient hole transfer in oxidation half‐reaction, the preferential dehydrogenation of the α‐CH bond in benzyl alcohol is utilized as a vehicle to facilitate hole transfer. As a result, a remarkably enhanced H2 generation of 15.79 mmol g–1 h–1 is achieved on NP/ZIS‐O, which is 8.16‐fold higher than that of pristine ZnIn2S4. Meanwhile, as a value‐added oxidation product, benzaldehyde can be produced at the rate of 17.63 mmol g–1 h–1. This work presents a collaborative strategy for engineering charge behavior in photocatalysts with polarization features, and provides insights into materials design toward photocatalytic hydrogen production and organic synthesis from the angle of charge kinetics.
Light Management through Organic Bulk Heterojunction and Carrier Interfacial Engineering for Perovskite Solar Cells with 23.5% Efficiency
Authors: Shi Zhichong , Zhou Donglei , Zhuang Xinmeng , Liu Shuainan , Sun Rui , Xu Wen , Liu Le , Song Hongwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLight management through organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has been widely reported to push up the performance of lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by extending the spectral response. However, the development of integrated perovskite/organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (IPSCs) encounters a bottleneck problem that the poor carrier extraction capability of perovskite and BHJ leads to the severe loss of open‐voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). Herein, the strategy of introducing black phosphorous quantum dots (BPQDs) and cuprous oxide (CuOx) into IPSCs is adopted, which not only successfully extends the single‐component PSCs light response to 930 nm, but also significantly reduces the Voc and FF loss of IPSCs. BPQDs with bipolar charge transport and high mobility characteristics improves the electron/hole transport behaviors of perovskite and BHJ films. CuOx with matching energy levels is introduced between BHJ and Spiro‐OMeTAD as a buffer layer, which provides good driving force for the transportation of holes. The champion device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 23.52%. The IPSCs devices also display an excellent long‐term and humidity stability. This work demonstrates an approach to solve the carrier extraction key issues that limits the performance of IPSCs, which achieves an instructive result in the development of PSCs light management.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics for Targeted and Image‐Guided siRNA Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hou Yu‐chen , Zhang Chao , Zhang Zi‐jie , Xia Lei , Rao Ke‐qiang , Gu Li‐hong , Wu Yi‐chi , Lv Zi‐cheng , Wu Hao‐xiang , Zuo Xiao‐lei , Li Fan , Feng Hao , Xia Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer and remains a global health challenge. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapeutic modality that blocks multiple disease‐causing genes without impairing cell structures. However, siRNA therapeutics still have off‐target proportion and lack effective quantitative analysis method in vivo. Thus, a novel theragnostic nanoparticle with dual‐mode imaging is synthesized for targeted and image‐guided siRNA therapy of HCC. Survivin siRNA is carried by Poly‐ethylenimine (PEI) and interacted with T7‐AIE/Gd NPs, which are self‐assembled of DSPE‐PEG‐DTPA(Gd), DSPE‐PEG‐Mal, DSPE‐PEG‐PEI, and TPE. The resulting theragnostic nanoparticles exhibit lower toxicity and high therapeutic effect, and excellent T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) imaging performance. Moreover, in vivo MRI and AIE imaging indicate that this kind of theragnostic nanoparticles rapidly accumulates in the tumor due to active targeting and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. Sur@T7‐AIE‐Gd suppresses HCC tumor growth by inducing autophagy and destabilizes DNA integrity in tumor cells. The results suggest that T7‐AIE‐Gd nanoparticles carrying Survivin siRNA with dual‐mode imaging characteristics are promising for targeted and image‐guided siRNA therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Textile‐Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring
Authors: Li Braden M. , Reese Brandon L. , Ingram Katherine , Huddleston Mary E. , Jenkins Meghan , Zaets Allison , Reuter Matthew , Grogg Matthew W. , Nelson M. Tyler , Zhou Ying , Ju Beomjun , Sennik Busra , Farrell Zachary J. , Jur Jesse S. , Tabor Christopher E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNext generation textile‐based wearable sensing systems will require flexibility and strength to maintain capabilities over a wide range of deformations. However, current material sets used for textile‐based skin contacting electrodes lack these key properties, which hinder applications such as electrophysiological sensing. In this work, a facile spray coating approach to integrate liquid metal nanoparticle systems into textile form factors for conformal, flexible, and robust electrodes is presented. The liquid metal system employs functionalized liquid metal nanoparticles that provide a simple “peel‐off to activate” means of imparting conductivity. The spray coating approach combined with the functionalized liquid metal system enables the creation of long‐term reusable textile‐integrated liquid metal electrodes (TILEs). Although the TILEs are dry electrodes by nature, they show equal skin‐electrode impedances and sensing capabilities with improved wearability compared to commercial wet electrodes. Biocompatibility of TILEs in an in vivo skin environment is demonstrated, while providing improved sensing performance compared to previously reported textile‐based dry electrodes. The “spray on dry—behave like wet” characteristics of TILEs opens opportunities for textile‐based wearable health monitoring, haptics, and augmented/virtual reality applications that require the use of flexible and conformable dry electrodes.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Encapsulated Oral Microcapsules for Acute Colitis Treatment
Authors: Gan Jingjing , Sun Lingyu , Chen Guopu , Ma Wenjuan , Zhao Yuanjin , Sun Lingyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes (MSC‐exos) exhibit an intrinsic and directed efficiency for multiple diseases, while their versatile and effective delivery to the target site is still a challenge. Herein, inspired by the acids and enzymes resistant property of sealing gelatin capsules, novel MSC‐exo‐encapsulated oral microcapsules are presented for colitis treatment. Based on a microfluidic electrospray technique, MSC‐exos are first encapsulated in sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel microspheres with sustainable bioactivity. The resultant SA microspheres are then coated with a middle gelatin layer to protect MSC‐exos from degradation. Especially, with an enteric coating‐Eudragit FS30D on the outer layer, the resistance of the microcapsules in gastric juice is further enhanced. The prepared microcapsules maintain the stability and bioactivity of the MSC‐exos during storage, protect them from the harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, and enable the release of actives in the suitable sites for exerting their biological functions. In addition, these MSC‐exos encapsulated microcapsules reduce the proinflammatory cytokines levels of inflammatory macrophages and impaired colonic epithelial cells, which exhibit superior damage repair ability in injured colon sites. Thus, it is believed that the proposed oral MSC‐exos encapsulated microcapsules are valuable for many practically clinical treatments.
Zwitterion‐Functionalized SnO2 Substrate Induced Sequential Deposition of Black‐Phase FAPbI3 with Rearranged PbI2 Residue
Authors: Qin Zhixiao , Chen Yuetian , Wang Xingtao , Wei Ning , Liu Xiaomin , Chen Haoran , Miao Yanfeng , Zhao Yixin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlack‐phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) with narrow bandgap and high thermal stability has emerged as the most promising candidate for highly efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics. In order to overcome the intrinsic difficulty of black‐phase crystallization and to eliminate the lead iodide (PbI2) residue, most sequential deposition methods of FAPbI3‐based perovskite will introduce external ions like methylammonium (MA+), cesium (Cs+), and bromide (Br–) ions to the perovskite structure. Here a zwitterion‐functionalized tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) is introduced as the electron‐transport layer (ETL) to induce the crystallization of high‐quality black‐phase FAPbI3. The SnO2 ETL treated with the zwitterion of formamidine sulfinic acid (FSA) can help rearrange the stack direction, orientation, and distribution of residual PbI2 in the perovskite layer, which reduces the side effect of the residual PbI2. Besides, the FSA functionalization also modifies SnO2 ETL to suppress deep‐level defects at the perovskite/SnO2 interface. As a result, the FSA–FAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit an excellent power conversion efficiency of up to 24.1% with 1000 h long‐term operational stability. These findings provide a new interface engineering strategy on the sequential fabrication of black‐phase FAPbI3 PSCs with improved optoelectronic performance.
Functionalized BODIPYs as Tailor‐Made and Universal Interlayers for Efficient and Stable Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Soultati Anastasia , Nunzi Francesca , Fakharuddin Azhar , Verykios Apostolis , Armadorou Konstantina K. , Tountas Marinos , Panagiotakis Stylianos , Polydorou Ermioni , Charisiadis Asterios , Nikolaou Vasilis , Papadakis Michael , Charalambidis Georgios , Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Yannakopoulou Konstantina , Bao Xichang , Yang Chunming , Dunbar Alan D. F. , Kymakis Emmanuel , Palilis Leonidas C. , Mohd Yusoff Abd Rashid Bin , Argitis Panagiotis , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , De Angelis Filippo , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Vasilopoulou Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolar cells based on metal halide perovskite and polymer donor:nonfullerene acceptor blend absorbers have recently witnessed a significant rise in their photovoltaic performance. However, they still suffer from some instability issues originating from the inferior interface quality and poor nanomorphology of the absorber layer. In this work, a series of functionalized boron‐dipyrromethene, BODIPY, molecules are introduced as ultrathin interlayers at the absorber/electron transport layer interface. This study indicates that BODIPY compounds with a high molecular dipole moment can enhance the device performance mainly due to better interface energy level alignment. They also induce passivation of defect traps and improvement in the charge transport properties of the absorber layer coated on top of them. Among the various compounds used, amino‐functionalized BODIPY, owing to the synergetic effect of the abovementioned factors, enables the highest power conversion efficiency in organic (15.69%) as well as in perovskite solar cells (20.12%). Amino‐functionalized BODIPY also demonstrates an enhanced stability under continuous illumination (in nitrogen) without and with heating (at 65 °C) for 1000 h. These results pave the way for the implementation of molecules with tailor‐made functionalities in high efficiency and stable solution‐based photovoltaic devices of the future.
A Smart Way to Prepare Solution‐Processed and Annealing‐free PCBM Electron Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Fei , Lu Shuaicheng , Hu Chen , Lu Huiqiang , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang , Yang Shihe , Zhu Linna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a state‐of‐the‐art n‐type material, PC61BM ((6,6)‐phenyl C61 butyric‐ methylester) has been largely used as the top electron transporting layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Whereas so far, there have been few reports on using pristine PC61BM as the bottom ETL in conventional (n‐i‐p‐type) PSCs, because it will be partially dissolved by the perovskite precursor solution (such as N,N‐Dimethylformamide and Dimethyl sulfoxide). In this work, the successful application of pristine PC61BM as an annealing‐free ETL is reported for conventional PSCs, by ingeniously utilizing the “saturated solution” strategy. Specifically, the perovskite precursor solution is presaturated with PC61BM before deposition, in this way, not only the underlying PC61BM layer can be “reserved”, the added PC61BM in perovskite is also able to passivate defects in perovskite grain boundaries, thus facilitating charge transporting and reducing charge recombination. Encouragingly, the PC61BM ETL can avoid high‐temperature calcination or thermal annealing, thus greatly simplifying the manufacturing processes and reducing production costs. The CH3NH3PbI3–xClx‐based champion device shows the highest efficiency of 20.85% with high reproducibility. The strategy is simple, straightforward, and cost‐effective, when compared to most of the present reported ways for depositing ETLs.
Program evaluation: An educator's portal into academic scholarship
Authors: Hosseini Shera , Yilmaz Yusuf , Shah Kaushal , Gottlieb Michael , Stehman Christine R. , Hall Andrew K. , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProgram evaluation is an “essential responsibility” but is often not seen as a scholarly pursuit. While Boyer expanded what qualifies as educational scholarship, many still need to engage in processes that are rigorous and of a requisite academic standard to be labelled as scholarly. Many medical educators may feel that scholarly program evaluation is a daunting task due to the competing interests of curricular change, remediation, and clinical care. This paper explores how educators can take their questions around outcomes and efficacy of our programs and efficiently engage in education scholarship. The authors outline how educators can examine whether training programs have a desired impact and outcomes, and then how they might leverage this process into education scholarship.
The Impact of Boron Hybridisation on Photocatalytic Processes
Authors: Marotta Alessandro , Adams Callum E. , Molloy John J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently the fruitful merger of organoboron chemistry and photocatalysis has come to the forefront of organic synthesis, resulting in the development of new technologies to access complex (non)borylated frameworks. Central to the success of this combination is control of boron hybridisation. Contingent on the photoactivation mode, boron as its neutral planar form or tetrahedral boronate can be used to regulate reactivity. This Minireview highlights the current state of the art in photocatalytic processes utilising organoboron compounds, paying particular attention to the role of boron hybridisation for the target transformation.
Dinitrogen Binding at a Trititanium Chloride Complex and Its Conversion to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Authors: del Horno Estefanía , Jover Jesús , Mena Miguel , Pérez‐Redondo Adrián , Yélamos Carlos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReaction of [TiCp*Cl3] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) with one equivalent of magnesium in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature affords the paramagnetic trinuclear complex [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐Cl)], which reacts with dinitrogen under ambient conditions to give the diamagnetic derivative [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2‐N2)] and the titanium(III) dimer [{TiCp*Cl(μ‐Cl)}2]. The structure of the trinuclear mixed‐valence complexes has been studied by experimental and theoretical methods and the latter compound represents the first well‐defined example of the μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2 coordination mode of the dinitrogen molecule. The reaction of [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2‐N2)] with excess HCl in tetrahydrofuran results in clean NH4Cl formation with regeneration of the starting material [TiCp*Cl3]. Therefore, a cyclic ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions can be envisioned by alternating N2/HCl atmospheres in a [TiCp*Cl3]/Mg(excess) reaction mixture in tetrahydrofuran.
Explaining Regiodivergent Vinylations with Vinylbenziodoxolones**
Authors: Di Tommaso Ester M. , Norrby Per‐Ola , Olofsson Berit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVinylbenziodoxolones have recently been identified as efficient hypervalent iodine(III) reagents for electrophilic vinylations under transition metal‐free conditions. Their unique reactivity allows synthesis of either internal or terminal alkenes, depending on the nucleophile class. This paper constitutes the first mechanistic investigation of VBX vinylations, and makes use of NMR studies, deuterium labelling and computations to rationalize the observed regio‐ and stereochemical outcome. Internal alkene formation in S‐vinylation was found to proceed through the ligand coupling mechanism typical of diaryliodonium salts, whereas terminal alkene formation in P‐vinylations took place via a phosphinous acid‐coordinated VBX complex, which underwent concerted deprotonation and Michael‐type addition. Subsequent base‐assisted protonation and E2 elimination delivered the terminal alkene. The findings can be used to predict the regioselectivity in vinylations of other nucleophile classes.
The role of atmospheric fronts in austral winter precipitation changes across Australia
Authors: Lawrence Lindsay , Parfitt Rhys , Ummenhofer Caroline C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past few decades, Southeast Australia has experienced severe regional climatic events and some of the most extreme droughts on record, linked in part to influences from both the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). In this article, the extent to which austral winter rainfall anomalies, in years leading into co‐occurring ENSO and IOD events, are communicated specifically through variations in atmospheric fronts is quantified. The most extreme wet (dry) conditions occur in winters characterized by sea surface temperature anomaly patterns exhibiting features of La Niña‐Negative IOD (El Niño‐Positive IOD). It is found that most of these precipitation anomalies are related to changes in the precipitation associated with the passing of atmospheric fronts specifically. Although there is some suggestion that there are accompanying changes in the frequency of atmospheric fronts, the response appears to be dominated by changes in the amount of precipitation per individual atmospheric front. In addition, the distribution in the dynamic strength of individual atmospheric fronts remains relatively unchanged.
Simulation of febuxostat pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and patients with impaired kidney function using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Xu Yichao , Chen Jinliang , Ruan Zourong , Jiang Bo , Yang Dandan , Hu Yin , Lou Honggang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFebuxostat is recommended by the American College of Rheumatology Gout Management Guidelines as a first‐line therapy for lowering the level of urate in patients with gout. At present, this drug is being prescribed mainly based on the clinical experience of doctors. The potential effects of clinical and demographic variables on the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of febuxostat are not being considered. In this study a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of febuxostat was developed, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the individualized dosing of this drug in gout patients. The plasma concentration–time profiles corresponding to healthy subjects and gout patients with normal kidney function were simulated and validated; then, the model was used to predict the pharmacokinetic (PK) data of the drug in gout patients suffering from varying degrees of impaired kidney function. The error values (the predicted value/observed value) were used to validate the simulated PK parameters predicted by the PBPK model, including the area under the plasma concentration–time curve, the maximum plasma concentration, and time to maximum plasma concentration. Considering that to all error fold changes were smaller than 2, the PBPK model was. In subjects suffering from mild kidney impairment, moderate kidney impairment, severe kidney impairment, and endstage kidney disease (ESRD), the predicted AUC0‐24h values increased by 1.62, 1.74, 2.27, and 2.65‐fold, respectively, compared to gout patients with normal kidney function. Overall, the results showed that the PBPK model constructed in this study predict the pharmacokinetic changes in gout patients suffering from varying degrees of impaired kidney function.
Hypersensitive C‐reactive protein‐albumin ratio is associated with stroke‐associated pneumonia and early clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Huang Lingling , Zhang Rong , Ji Jiahui , Long Fengdan , Wang Yadong , Lu Juan , Xu Ge , Sun Yaming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to explore the association between the baseline hypersensitive C‐reactive protein‐albumin ratio (CAR) and stroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) during hospitalization and the short‐term prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsWe enrolled 766 patients with AIS and collected their admission baseline characteristics, including their National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, CAR, age, atrial fibrillation, dysphagia, sex, stroke severity (A2DS2) score, and other information. The occurrence of SAP within 7 days after stroke, length of hospital stay, and physical condition at discharge were also recorded. The patients’ Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores and mortality 3 months after AIS were further evaluated at follow‐up. All patients were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of the admission CAR (Q1 <1.3, Q2 1.3–3.7, Q3 3.7–9.3, Q4 ≥9.3).ResultsDuring hospitalization, 92 (11.9%) patients were diagnosed with SAP. The patients with SAP had a higher CAR than the non‐SAP patients (p < .001). In the multivariate‐adjusted model, the patients in the Q3 and Q4 groups had a higher SAP risk (aOR was 5.21 and 17.72, p‐trend < .001) than those in the lowest quartile. The area under the curve for the CAR's ability to predict SAP was 0.810 in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and had a similar predictive efficacy as the A2DS2 score (p <.05). The length of stay in the SAP group was almost the same as that in the non‐SAP group, but the clinical outcomes were worse at discharge and at the 3‐month follow‐up in the SAP group. In addition, the patients in the higher CAR quartiles at admission were more likely to have poorer clinical outcomes.ConclusionsPatients with AIS with a high CAR at admission are more likely to develop SAP during hospitalization and have poor short‐term clinical outcomes. These findings might help to timely identify patients at high risk of SAP and provide a basis for further research on prophylactic antibiotic therapy.