bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and mathematical model of killer/sensitive interaction under different physicochemical conditions of must/wine: a study from a biological point of view
Authors: Kuchen B. , Maturano Y. P. , Gil R. M. , Vazquez F. , Scaglia G. J. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFermentation of grape must to wine is carried out by a complex microbial mixture, which also involves spoilage yeasts of wine. The latter yeasts produce organoleptic changes that cause significant economic losses to the wine industry. SO2 is traditionally used to control this spoilage populations, but because of its harmful effects on human health, biocontrol has emerged as an alternative treatment. Although studies have been carried out to select biocontroller yeasts and examine their underlying mechanisms of action, reports on their application have not been published yet. To better understand the interaction and the successful application of biocontrol, the use of mathematical models, among other methods, is important, as they facilitate the prediction of success or failure of the antagonist. The objective of the present study was to use an existing mathematical model to obtain information about the yeast’s interaction assayed and to validate its predictive use under different physicochemical conditions during the wine fermentation, and eventually predict biocontrol kinetics. The mathematical model was applied to the fermentation conditions and provided information on the kinetic parameters of the biocontrol interaction and allowed interpretations about other parameters. The model was applied in the different physicochemical conditions for the biocontrol and did not fit correctly to experimental data, and therefore an improvement was proposed which was successful and presented new hypotheses.
Predicting fungal infection rate and severity with skin‐associated microbial communities on amphibians
Authors: Chen Melissa Y. , Kueneman Jordan G. , González Antonio , Humphrey Greg , Knight Rob , McKenzie Valerie J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPathogen success (risk and severity) is influenced by host‐associated microbiota, but the degree to which variation in microbial community traits predict future infection presence/absence (risk) and load (severity) for the host is unknown. We conducted a time‐series experiment by sampling the skin‐associated bacterial communities of five amphibian species before and after exposure to the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobaditis (Bd). We sought to determine whether microbial community traits are predictors of, or are affected by, Bd infection risk and intensity. Our results show that richness of putative Bd‐inhibitory bacteria strongly predicts infection risk, while the proportion of putative Bd‐inhibitory bacteria predicts future infection intensity. Variation in microbial community composition is high across time and individual, and bacterial prevalence is low. Our findings demonstrate how ecological community traits of host‐associated microbiota may be used to predict infection risk by pathogenic microbes.
Workplace wellness programs targeting weight outcomes in men: A scoping review
Authors: Bezzina Aaron , Ashton Lee , Watson Trent , James Carole L. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryWorkplaces have been identified as a priority setting for the delivery of wellness programs to address risk factors for overweight and obesity. Men in particular may benefit greatly from these types of programs as they are typically harder to engage in health promotion. A scoping review was performed to provide an overview of interventions that have been implemented within the workplace that target weight outcomes in men. A searched of six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and Business Source Ultimate) was conducted from January 2010 to August 2020. Of the 2191 articles identified, 25 were included. The majority took place in North America or Europe (72%). Over half (n = 17, 68%) utilized both a nutrition and physical activity component. Thirteen of the 19 articles (68%) that reported weight as an outcome showed the program to be efficacious in reducing weight. Overall, only seven articles were solely focused on an all‐male population. Workplace wellness programs targeting weight outcomes in men have been conducted to some extent, with majority being successful in reducing weight. However, there is a need for more randomized controlled trials (RCTs), long‐term follow‐up, and male‐only programs.
The impact of weight cycling on health outcomes in animal models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thillainadesan Senthil , Madsen Søren , James David E. , Hocking Samantha L. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe pattern of weight loss and regain, termed “weight cycling,” is common in overweight individuals. It is unclear whether the well‐established benefits of weight loss persist following weight regain or whether weight cycling is harmful. Human studies of weight cycling have conflicting results reflecting limitations of the observational designs of these studies. By controlling the macronutrient content of diets in animal studies, weight cycling can be studied in a highly controlled manner, thereby overcoming the limitations of human studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies which assessed the health consequences of weight cycling. Studies were classified into those which compared weight cycling to lifelong obesity and those which compared weight cycling to later onset obesity. There were no differences in health outcomes between weight cycled animals and those with lifelong obesity, highlighting that weight regain reverses health benefits achieved by weight loss. In comparison with animals with later onset obesity, weight cycled animals had higher fasting glucose levels and more impaired glucose tolerance following weight regain. Our review of animal studies suggests that health benefits of diet‐induced weight loss do not persist after weight regain and weight cycling results in adverse metabolic outcomes.
iPhone 12 MagSafe technology and cardiac implantable devices: Assessment of the actual risk
Authors: Censi Federica , Mattei Eugenio , Onder Graziano , Calcagnini Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are equipped with a magnetic sensor activated by external application of magnets to easily manage some functions of these devices. If activated inadvertently or outside a controlled environment and without the supervision of clinical personnel, this magnetic mode introduces a potential risk. In reality, the possibility of a static magnetic field affecting a PM or ICD is remote. However, the presence of the magnet in the iPhone 12 made the possibility of inadvertently activating the magnetic switch of PM and ICD less remote.ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of magnetic interference of the iPhone 12 on a large set of cardiac implantable devices representative of the current market and proposes adequate rules of conduct.MethodsWe investigated the risk of the magnetic interference of the iPhone 12 and its MagSafe accessories on a comprehensive set of PMs and ICDs, including the subcutaneous ICD. For the first time, the magnetic interference phenomena were correlated with the magnetic field levels measured all around iPhone 12.ResultsWe discovered that the magnets inside iPhone 12 trigger the magnetic mode in the 12 tested devices up to a distance of 1 cm.ConclusionsConsidering the implications related to the activation of the magnetic switch, to date, it is advisable to follow Apple's indications relating to the safety distance of 15 cm, which is widely compatible with the results obtained from this paper and in line with the indications provided by the implantable cardiac device manufacturers.
Exploring reported distress before and pain during needle insertion into a venous access port in children with cancer
Authors: Einarsdóttir Egeland Steinunn , Lie Hanne Cathrine , Woldseth Ellen Martha , Korsvold Live , Ruud Ellen , Larsen Marie Hamilton , Viktoria Mellblom Anneli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVenous access port is commonly used during cancer treatment in children, yet little is known about how children experience such needle insertion procedures.AimTo study distress before and pain after venous access port needle insertion among children and adolescents with cancer. A second aim was to explore associations between their self‐report of procedure‐related distress and pain with proxy reports by parents and nurses.MethodThe sample included 43 children/adolescents, aged 1–16 years with cancer, treated at two Norwegian university hospitals. The patient, parent(s), and the nurse performing the procedure completed developmentally appropriate 11‐point distress and pain scales before and immediately after the venous access port procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and non‐parametric correlations.Ethical issuesThe ethical code of conduct was followed and conformed to the ethical guidelines adopted by the Regional Committee for Medicine and Health Research and the data protector officer at the hospitals.ResultsFor the youngest children (1–5 years), the median distress proxy score was 8 (range 0–9) and pain proxy score 4 (range 0–10). Median distress and pain scores for children aged 6–12 years were 3 (range 0–9) and 1 (range 0–10), respectively, and for the adolescents (age 13–16) 0 (range 0–6) and 1 (range 0–5), respectively. Patients’ self‐reported distress and pain correlated highly with parents’ (distress: rho = 0.83, p < 0.001, pain: rho = 0.92, p < 0.001) and with nurses’ proxy ratings (distress: rho = 0.89, p < 0.001, pain: rho = 0.88, p < 0.001).ConclusionThere were individual age differences in experienced distress/pain associated with venous access port needle insertion, with a trend for younger children to experience higher levels of distress/ pain than the older children. Children's self‐report of distress/ pain concurred with both parental and nurse proxy reports.
Tidal dynamics in palaeo‐seas in response to changes in physiography, tidal forcing and bed shear stress
Authors: Zuchuat Valentin , Steel Elisabeth , Mulligan Ryan P. , Collins Daniel S. , Green J. A. Mattias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSimulating hydrodynamic conditions in palaeo‐ocean basins is needed to better understand the effects of tidal forcing on the sedimentary record. When combined with sedimentary analyses, hydrodynamic modelling can help inform complex temporal and spatial variability in the sediment distribution of tide‐dominated palaeo‐ocean basins. Herein, palaeotidal modelling of the epicontinental Upper Jurassic (160 Ma, lower Oxfordian) Sundance and Curtis seas of North America reveals possible regional‐scale variations in tidal dynamics in response to changes in ocean tidal forcing, physiographic configuration and bottom drag coefficient. A numerical model forced with an M2 tidal constituent at the open boundary shows that the magnitude and location of tidal amplification, and the variability in current velocity and bed shear stress in the basin, were controlled by palaeophysiography. Numerical results obtained using a depth of 600 m at the ocean boundary of the system enable the prediction of major facies trends observed in the lower Curtis Formation. The simulation results also highlight that certain palaeophysiographic configurations can either permit or prevent tidal resonance, leading to an overall amplification or dampening of tides across the basin. Furthermore, some palaeophysiographic configurations generated additional tidal harmonics in specific parts of the basins. Consequently, similar sedimentary successions can emerge from a variety of relative sea‐level scenarios, and a variety of sedimentary successions may be deposited in different parts of the basin in any given relative sea‐level scenario. These results suggest that the interpretation of sedimentary successions deposited in strongly tide‐influenced basins should consider changes in tidal dynamics in response to changing sea level and basin physiography.
Wound care research sponsored by the Department of Defense
Authors: Davis Michael R. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Eriksson Elof 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to the need for more information about Department of Defense sponsored wound healing research, the Wound Healing Foundation initiated the writing of this article. It briefly describes the Vision, Mission and Goals of the Department of Defense Strategic Medical Research Plan. It also describes the current objectives of Department of Defense research funding and where to access this information in detail. The grant cycle, the timing of request for proposals and some of the specifics of their requirements are also mentioned. A brief discussion of budgeting and overhead is also included.
Improving critical care patients' sleep quality in a surgical high‐dependency unit: An evidence‐based practice project
Authors: Ong Keh Kiong , Khoo Lee May , Zhou Yuanpei , Tho Poh Chi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep is an essential basic need. However, patients in critical care often experience poor and fragmented sleep. As such, there is a need to examine strategies to promote sleep in critical care patients.AimThis project aimed to promote sleep in surgical high‐dependency patients through the implementation of evidence‐based best practice.MethodsAn evidence‐based practice (EBP) project was implemented in May 2015 in a 24‐bed surgical high‐dependency (progressive care) unit in a public tertiary hospital in Singapore in three phases using the JBI framework. Outcomes measured were sleep quality, using the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and nurses' adherence to sleep promotion activities, using an audit tool adapted from the JBI‐Practical Application of Clinical Education System. Data were collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Getting Research into Practice analysis was done at each time point.ResultsA total of 120 patients were surveyed, and 150 observation audits were conducted over 1 year. Sleep quality was similar between pre‐audit (mean 53, SD 19.89) and month 1 (mean 54, SD 24.40), improved at month 3 (mean 64, SD 19.34), and sustained at month 6 (mean 64, SD 24.13) and 12 (mean 64, SD 19.4). The effect size between pre‐audit and month 3 was a medium effect size of 0.49, which continued to improve at month 12, with a medium effect size of 0.56. Nurses' adherence to the EBP generally improved, and the thresholds of 80% were exceeded by month 12.Linking Evidence to ActionSleep is an essential basic need and can be improved through simple evidence‐based interventions. Best practice for promoting sleep includes grouping nursing activities and reducing light and noise at night.
Convection Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Air Flowing Across In-Line Tube Banks: Part I—Apparatus, Procedures, and Special Effects
Authors: Jones C. E. , Monroe E. S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper, the first of two companion papers, describes the equipment and computational methods used in an experimental program carried out at Cornell University under the sponsorship of The Babcock & Wilcox Company. Eighteen arrangements of 10-row, in-line tube banks were tested for crossflow heat transfer and flow-resistance performance, and sixteen additional arrangements were tested for flow resistance only. The interaction of transverse tube rows, the effect of tube-bank turbulence, the effect of temperature level, and the noise associated with some abnormally high flow resistances are discussed.
Shell-Side Characteristics of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers: A Simplified Rating System for Commercial Heat Exchangers
Authors: Tinker Townsend 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A simplified rating system for commercial shell-and-tube heat exchangers is developed based on the fluid-flow-pattern concepts derived by the author for the General Discussion of Heat Transfer, London, England, 1951. Recommended heat-transfer and friction characteristics for practical design purposes are presented which are based on previously presented research data and certain findings of the ASME—University of Delaware Heat Exchanger Research Project. Where possible, without serious sacrifice in accuracy, certain resistance-factor approximations and assumptions have been introduced in the interest of practical simplicity for the derivation of formulas of simple form for evaluating the fluid-flow fraction through the crossflow area of the tube bundle. Simple tabulations of heat-transfer and pressure-drop characteristic “rating numbers” may be readily developed from these formulas for various styles or series of heat exchangers having consistent design proportions. These rating numbers permit a rapid rating of the heat-exchanger shell-side performance. The system is responsive to the major effects of unit size, tube size, tube pitch and flow orientation, baffle spacing and cut, and the principal leakage and bypass clearances of the heat-exchanger design. The system developed is accurate well within practical commercial requirements, and is very flexible so that as more accurate resistance factors are developed by research for specific cases, they may be employed in the system for more precise results when desired.
Heat-Transfer Characteristics of the Rotational and Axial Flow Between Concentric Cylinders
Authors: Gazley Carl 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper considers the convective heat-transfer characteristics of the flow in the annular gap between a rotating inner cylinder and a stationary outer cylinder. Heat-transfer measurements are reported for two gap sizes and various combinations of axial and rotational flows. Both smooth and slotted surfaces were used. Measurements for laminar and turbulent-flow conditions followed the trends predicted by theory. An unusual feature of the results for rotational flow without axial flow is the heat-transfer rate in an intermediate flow region existing between the laminar and turbulent regimes. Here, regular ring-shaped vortexes cause a heat-transfer rate even greater than with turbulent flow.
Experience With Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium Steel in High-Temperature Bolting Applications
Authors: Matters R. G. , Dickinson C. D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels, ASTM A 196, grade B 14 or slight modifications of this material have been used widely for high-temperature bolting since about 1938. In the temperature range 850 to 1000 F these materials have significantly higher relaxation resistance than have the other ferritic steels covered by ASTM A 196. Service performance of chromium-molybdenum-vanadium bolts in turbines operating with inlet steam temperatures below 1000 F has been generally satisfactory. However, within the past two years bolts have failed in two central station turbines. This paper covers the examination of the failed bolts, the analysis of the cause of failure, and recommendations to avoid failures of this type.
Properties of Friction Materials I—Experiments on Variables Affecting Noise
Authors: Basford P. R. , Twiss S. B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Measurements of the friction of various brake linings against polished iron have been made at speeds so low that surface temperature (known to be important at higher speeds) could be neglected. Samples had to be run in thoroughly immediately before testing to secure reproducible results. The coefficient of dynamic friction was lower than the static coefficient at the lowest speeds, increased markedly, and approached a constant value at the highest speeds studied (12.5 ipm). Other apparatus was used to extend the range to 800 fpm. When the surface temperature was held constant, the friction coefficient passed through a broad maximum and thereafter decreased slightly as the speed was increased. The transition from smooth sliding to stick-slip friction was studied as a function of speed and load. A critical speed was found, above which only smooth sliding was possible, regardless of load. The time-force traces obtained during stick-slip motion supply information about the static coefficient, and also the elastic properties of the brake lining.
Analysis of the Transient Response of Nonlinear Control Systems
Authors: Grensted P. E. W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The calculation by a new analytical method of the transient response of nonlinear control systems is described. If the response is oscillatory, it is possible to obtain expressions for the variation with time of the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation. The response of a servomechanism containing marked saturation, backlash, and coulomb friction has been analyzed successfully.
Design of a Self-Optimizing Control System
Authors: Kalman R. E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the problem of building a machine which adjusts itself automatically to control an arbitrary dynamic process. The design of a small computer which acts as such a machine is presented in detail. A complete set of equations describing the machine is derived and listed; engineering features of the computer are discussed briefly. This machine represents a new concept in the development of automatic control systems. It should find widespread application in the automation of complex systems such as aircraft or chemical processes, where present methods would be too expensive or time-consuming to apply.
Basis for the Design and Retirement of Petroleum Heater Tubes
Authors: Heller J. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Heater-tube design and retirement are of prime importance to the petroleum industry due not only to the high expenditure involved, but due also to the hazard to personnel and property involved in a tube failure. Basically, a heater tube must be retired from service prior to failure. However, the available life of the tube must also be depreciated to the maximum extent possible consistent with the basic premise of avoiding failures during operation. The conditions of stress and temperature existing in a heater tube during service and their relation to elevated-temperature creep-rupture data available for common tubular materials are discussed. After considerable evaluation of this relationship, a policy based on 100,000-hr rupture strength is recommended for the design and retirement of petroleum heater tubes in both corrosive and noncorrosive service.
Heat Transmission to Fluids With Low Prandtl Numbers for Flow Through Tube Banks
Authors: Cess R. D. , Grosh R. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Solutions for the over-all Nusselt number, previously obtained by the authors for the flow of a fluid with a low Prandtl number about a single cylinder, have been extended to include the case of flow through a bank of tubes. A conducting sheet analogy was used to determine the flow field through the tube banks, assuming inviscid irrotational flow, and solutions for the over-all Nusselt number were obtained for four basic tube-bank geometries. Various heat-flux and temperature distributions were considered for the surface of the tubes.
A comparison of the analytical results with experimental results for mercury flowing through a staggered tube bank was made; the comparison showed a very good correlation between theory and experiment for moderate fluid velocities. For high velocities the theory will give low results as could be expected from the assumption that eddy conduction is negligible.