bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-dimensional encryption in optical fibers using spatial modes of light and machine learning
Authors: Lollie Michelle L J , Mostafavi Fatemeh , Bhusal Narayan , Hong Mingyuan , You Chenglong , León-Montiel Roberto de J , Magaña-Loaiza Omar S , Quiroz-Juárez Mario A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ability to engineer the spatial wavefunction of photons has enabled a variety of quantum protocols for communication, sensing, and information processing. These protocols exploit the high dimensionality of structured light enabling the encoding of multiple bits of information in a single photon, the measurement of small physical parameters, and the achievement of unprecedented levels of security in schemes for cryptography. Unfortunately, the potential of structured light has been restrained to free-space platforms in which the spatial profile of photons is preserved. Here, we make an important step forward to using structured light for fiber optical communication. We introduce a classical encryption protocol in which the propagation of high-dimensional spatial modes in multimode fibers is used as a natural mechanism for encryption. This provides a secure communication channel for data transmission. The information encoded in spatial modes is retrieved using artificial neural networks, which are trained from the intensity distributions of experimentally detected spatial modes. Our on-fiber communication platform allows us to use single spatial modes for information encoding as well as the high-dimensional superposition modes for bit-by-bit and byte-by-byte encoding respectively. This protocol enables one to recover messages and images with almost perfect accuracy. Our classical smart protocol for high-dimensional encryption in optical fibers provides a platform that can be adapted to address increased per-photon information capacity at the quantum level, while maintaining the fidelity of information transfer. This is key for quantum technologies relying on structured fields of light, particularly those that are challenged by free-space propagation.
Helium Plasma Dermal Resurfacing With and Without Concurrent Aesthetic Surgery of the Face and Neck: A Retrospective Review
Authors: DeLozier Joseph B , Holcomb J David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Helium plasma dermal resurfacing (HPDR) is an emerging off-label use for an existing FDA-approved device.

Objectives
Retrospective evaluation of patient satisfaction and adverse events (AEs) following facial skin resurfacing with HPDR technology.

Methods
Single-site, retrospective review of 301 patient charts following HPDR treatment of the face. Patient satisfaction data were collected during review of medical records. AE data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic, procedural, and posttreatment variables on the presence or absence of AEs.

Results
HPDR was performed concurrently with other facial/non-facial surgical procedures in 193 of 301 patients (64.1%) including over undermined facial skin in 58 patients (19.3%) during rhytidectomy. No serious AEs were observed. Nonserious AEs were noted, however, in 20 patients (7.3%) and included erythema/prolonged erythema, hyperpigmentation, milia, slow healing, and upper lip hypertrophic scar. Among the 288 patients returning for follow-up (mean 2 months postprocedure), satisfaction with HPDR treatment results was documented in 275 patients (95.5%); the remaining 13 patients’ charts did not reference satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and no AEs were recorded for this patient subgroup.

Conclusions
This retrospective study supports the use and safety of HPDR technology for facial skin rejuvenation; no serious AEs and relatively few nonserious AEs were observed following either sole modality HPDR or HPDR with concurrent treatment of undermined skin tissue during rhytidectomy procedures. Patient satisfaction and observed results are comparable to full-field laser skin resurfacing treatments.

Level of Evidence: 3
DockingPie: a consensus docking plugin for PyMOL
Authors: Rosignoli Serena , Paiardini Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationThe primary strategy for predicting the binding mode of small molecules to their receptors and for performing receptor-based virtual screening studies is protein–ligand docking, which is undoubtedly the most popular and successful approach in computer-aided drug discovery. The increased popularity of docking has resulted in the development of different docking algorithms and scoring functions. Nonetheless, it is unlikely that a single approach outperforms the others in terms of reproducibility and precision. In this ground, consensus docking techniques are taking hold.ResultsWe have developed DockingPie, an open source PyMOL plugin for individual, as well as consensus docking analyses. Smina, AutoDock Vina, ADFR and RxDock are the four docking engines that DockingPie currently supports in an easy and extremely intuitive way, thanks to its integrated docking environment and its GUI, fully integrated within PyMOL.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/paiardin/DockingPie.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Flashfm-ivis: interactive visualization for fine-mapping of multiple quantitative traits
Authors: Zhou Feng , Butterworth Adam S , Asimit Jennifer L 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSummaryflashfm-ivis provides a suite of interactive visualization plots to view potential causal genetic variants that underlie associations that are shared or distinct between multiple quantitative traits and compares results between single- and multi-trait fine-mapping. Unique features include network diagrams that show joint effects between variants for each trait and regional association plots that integrate fine-mapping results, all with user-controlled zoom features for an interactive exploration of potential causal variants across traits.Availability and implementationflashfm-ivis is an open-source software under the MIT license. It is available as an interactive web-based tool (http://shiny.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/apps/flashfm-ivis/) and as an R package. Code and documentation are available at https://github.com/fz-cambridge/flashfm-ivis and https://zenodo.org/record/6376244#.YjnarC-l2X0. Additional features can be downloaded as standalone R libraries to encourage reuse.Supplementary informationSupplementary information are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multiple mechanisms shape the relationship between pathway and duration of focal seizures
Authors: Schroeder Gabrielle M , Chowdhury Fahmida A , Cook Mark J , Diehl Beate , Duncan John S , Karoly Philippa J , Taylor Peter N , Wang Yujiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A seizure’s electrographic dynamics are characterized by its spatiotemporal evolution, also termed dynamical ‘pathway’, and the time it takes to complete that pathway, which results in the seizure’s duration. Both seizure pathways and durations have been shown to vary within the same patient. However, it is unclear whether seizures following the same pathway will have the same duration or if these features can vary independently. We compared within-subject variability in these seizure features using (i) epilepsy monitoring unit intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings of 31 patients (mean: 6.7 days, 16.5 seizures/subject), (ii) NeuroVista chronic iEEG recordings of 10 patients (mean: 521.2 days, 252.6 seizures/subject) and (iii) chronic iEEG recordings of three dogs with focal-onset seizures (mean: 324.4 days, 62.3 seizures/subject). While the strength of the relationship between seizure pathways and durations was highly subject-specific, in most subjects, changes in seizure pathways were only weakly to moderately associated with differences in seizure durations. The relationship between seizure pathways and durations was strengthened by seizures that were ‘truncated’ versions, both in pathway and duration, of other seizures. However, the relationship was weakened by seizures that had a common pathway, but different durations (‘elasticity’), or had similar durations, but followed different pathways (‘semblance’). Even in subjects with distinct populations of short and long seizures, seizure durations were not a reliable indicator of different seizure pathways. These findings suggest that seizure pathways and durations are modulated by multiple different mechanisms. Uncovering such mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets for reducing seizure duration and severity.
New-onset atrial fibrillation in intensive care: epidemiology and outcomes
Authors: Bedford Jonathan P , Ferrando-Vivas Paloma , Redfern Oliver , Rajappan Kim , Harrison David A , Watkinson Peter J , Doidge James C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is common in patients treated on an intensive care unit (ICU), but the long-term impacts on patient outcomes are unclear. We compared national hospital and long-term outcomes of patients who developed NOAF in ICU with those who did not, before and after adjusting for comorbidities and ICU admission factors.

Methods and results
Using the RISK-II database (Case Mix Programme national clinical audit of adult intensive care linked with Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 4615 patients with NOAF and 27 690 matched controls admitted to 248 adult ICUs in England, from April 2009 to March 2016. We examined in-hospital mortality; hospital readmission with atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, and stroke up to 6 years post discharge; and mortality up to 8 years post discharge. Compared with controls, patients who developed NOAF in the ICU were at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.02–3.44], only partially explained by patient demographics, comorbidities, and ICU admission factors (adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.38–1.63). They were also at a higher risk of subsequent hospitalization with AF [adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio (aCHR) 5.86, 95% CI 5.33–6.44], stroke (aCHR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12–1.93), and heart failure (aCHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.44) independent of pre-existing comorbidities.

Conclusion
Patients who develop NOAF during an ICU admission are at a higher risk of in-hospital death and readmissions to hospital with AF, heart failure, and stroke than those who do not.
Endogenous assessment of late gadolinium enhancement grey zone in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy with T1ρ and native T1 mapping
Authors: Dong Zhixiang , Yin Gang , Yang Kai , Jiang Ke , Wu Zhigang , Chen Xiuyu , Song Yanyan , Yu Shiqing , Wang Jiaxin , Yang Shujuan , Ma Xuan , Xu Yangfei , Zhao Kankan , Lu Minjie , Xu Xiaodong , Zhao Shihua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to validate and compare the feasibility of T1ρ and native longitudinal relaxation time (T1) mapping in detection of myocardial fibrosis in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, focusing on the performance of both methods in identifying late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) grey zone.

Methods and results
Twenty-seven hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, 16 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients, and 18 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled for native T1 and T1ρ mapping imaging and then all the patients underwent enhancement scan for LGE extent and extracellular volume (ECV) values. In LGE positive patients, the LGE areas were divided into LGE core (6 SDs above remote myocardium) and grey zone (2–6 SDs above remote myocardium) according to the signal intensity of LGE. Both HCM and DCM patients showed significantly higher native T1 values and T1ρ values than controls no matter the presence of LGE (all P &lt; 0.01). There were significant differences in native T1 and T1ρ values among four different types of myocardia (LGE core, grey zone, remote area and control, P &lt; 0.0001). However, the T1ρ values of grey zone were significantly higher than control (P &lt; 0.01), while the native T1 values were not (P = 0.089). T1ρ values were significantly associated with both native T1 values (r = 0.54, P &lt; 0.001) and ECV values (r = 0.54, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
T1ρ mapping is a feasible method to detect myocardial fibrosis in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy no matter the presence of LGE. Compared with native T1, T1ρ may serve as a better discriminator in the identification of LGE grey zone.
Myocardial strain analysis by cardiac magnetic resonance 3D feature-tracking identifies subclinical abnormalities in patients with neuromuscular disease and no overt cardiac involvement
Authors: Azzu Alessia , Antonopoulos Alexios S , Krupickova Sylvia , Mohiaddin Zain , Almogheer Batool , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Pantazis Antonis , Pennell Dudley J , Mohiaddin Raad H 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsCardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is valuable for the detection of cardiac involvement in neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We explored the value of 2D- and 3D-left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain analysis using feature-tracking (FT)-CMR to detect subclinical cardiac involvement in NMD.Methods and resultsThe study included retrospective analysis of 111 patients with NMD; mitochondrial cytopathies (n = 14), Friedreich’s ataxia (FA, n = 27), myotonic dystrophy (n = 27), Becker/Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (BMD/DMD, n = 15), Duchenne’s carriers (n = 6), or other (n = 22) and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Biventricular volumes, myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and LV myocardial deformation were assessed by FT-CMR, including 2D and 3D global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and torsion. Compared with the healthy volunteers, patients with NMD had impaired 2D-GCS (P &lt; 0.001) and 2D-GRS (in the short-axis, P &lt; 0.001), but no significant differences in 2D-GRS long-axis (P = 0.101), 2D-GLS (P = 0.069), or torsion (P = 0.122). 3D-GRS, 3D-GCS, and 3D-GLS values were all significantly different to the control group (P &lt; 0.0001 for all). Especially, even NMD patients without overt cardiac involvement (i.e. LV dilation/hypertrophy, reduced LVEF, or LGE presence) had significantly impaired 3D-GRS, GCS, and GLS vs. the control group (P &lt; 0.0001). 3D-GRS and GCS values were significantly associated with the LGE presence and pattern, being most impaired in patients with transmural LGE.Conclusions3D-FT CMR detects subclinical cardiac muscle disease in patients with NMD even before the development of replacement fibrosis or ventricular remodelling which may be a useful imaging biomarker for early detection of cardiac involvement.
Could echocardiographic left atrial characterization have additive value for detecting risks of atrial arrhythmias and stroke in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Wazzan Adrien Al , Galli Elena , Lacout Marion , Paven Elise , L’official Guillaume , Schnell Frederic , Oger Emmanuel , Donal Erwan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Atrial arrhythmia (AA) is considered a turning point for prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We sought to assess whether the occurrence of AA and stroke could be estimated by an echocardiographic evaluation.

Methods and results
A total of 216 patients with HCM (52 ± 16 years old) were analysed. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography for the evaluation of left atrial volume (LAV), peak left atrial strain (PLAS), and peak atrial contraction strain. The patients were followed for 2.9 years for the occurrence of a composite endpoint including AA and/or stroke and peripheral embolism. Among the 216 patients, 78 (36%) met the composite endpoint. These patients were older (57.1 ± 14.4 vs. 50.3 ± 16.7 years; P = 0.0035), had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (62.3 vs. 42.3%; P = 0.005), and had higher NT-proBNP. The LAV (47 ± 20 vs. 37.2 ± 15.7 mL/m²; P = 0.0001) was significantly higher in patients who met the composite endpoint, whereas PLAS was significantly impaired (19.3 ± 9.54 vs. 26.6 ± 9.12%; P &lt; 0.0001). After adjustment, PLAS was independently associated with events with an odds ratio of 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.29–0.61; P &lt; 0.0001). Stroke occurred in 67% of the patients without any clinical AA. The PLAS with a cut-off of under 15.5% provided event prediction with 91% specificity. Using a 15% cut-off, PLAS also demonstrated a predictive value for new-onset of AA.

Conclusion
The decrease in PLAS was strongly associated with the risk of stroke, even in patients without any documented AA. Its value for guiding the management of patients with HCM requires further investigation.
Genome-wide association study for morphological traits and resistance to Peryonella pinodes in the USDA pea single plant plus collection
Authors: Martins Lais B , Balint-Kurti Peter , Reberg-Horton S Chris 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peas (Pisum sativum) are the second most cultivated pulse crop in the world. They can serve as human food, fodder, and cover crop. The most serious foliar disease of pea cultivars worldwide is Ascochyta blight, which can be caused by several pathogens. Of these, Peyronella pinodes is the most aggressive and prevalent worldwide. Several traits, including resistance to Peyronella pinodes, stem diameter, internode length between nodes 2–3 and 5–6, and area of 7th leaf, were measured in 269 entries of the pea single plant plus collection. The heritability (H2) of the morphological traits was relatively high, while disease resistance had low heritability. Using 53,196 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers to perform a genome-wide association study to identify genomic loci associated with variation in all the traits measured, we identified 27 trait–locus associations, 5 of which were associated with more than 1 trait.
L-GrassF: a functional–structural and phenological model ofLolium perenneintegrating plant morphogenesis and reproductive development
Authors: Rouet Simon , Durand Jean-Louis , Leclercq Denis , Bernicot Marie-Hélène , Combes Didier , Escobar-Gutiérrez Abraham , Barillot Romain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the context of climate change and agrosystem complexification, process-based models of the reproductive phenology of perennial grasses are essential to optimize the agronomic and ecologic services provided by grasslands. We present a functional–structural model called L-GrassF, which integrates the vegetative and reproductive development of individual Lolium perenne plants. The vegetative development in L-GrassF was adapted from a previous model of perennial ryegrass where leaf elongation and tillering dynamics partially result from self-regulated processes. Significant improvements have been made to this vegetative module in order to deal with the whole growing cycle during which plants are exposed to contrasting temperatures. The reproductive module is a new functionality describing the floral induction of the individual tiller from daily temperature and photoperiod as well as its phenological state. From the interactions between the vegetative and reproductive developments, L-GrassF simulates the dynamics of plant architecture, the floral transition and heading date (HD) at tiller level. A sensitivity analysis was performed on L-GrassF and showed that parameters controlling the kinetics of leaf elongation and leaf appearance rate have a significant impact on HD. After calibration, L-GrassF was able to simulate the HD on seven L. perenne cultivars grown in a broad range of environmental conditions, as provided by an independent data set. We conclude that L-GrassF is a significant step towards better prediction of grassland phenology in contrasted conditions.
Cloaking the ACE2 receptor with salivary cationic proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry
Authors: Yoshizato Katsutoshi , Taira Toshio , Sato-Matsubara Misako , Sekiguchi Shizuko , Yabunaka Yoriko , Kira Yukimi , Ohashi Tetsu , Daikoku Atsuko , Ofusa Ken , Kadono Chiho , Oikawa Daisuke , Matsubara Tsutomu , Nakagama Yu , Kido Yasutoshi , Tokunaga Fuminori , Ikeda Kazuo , Kaneko Akira , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Saliva contributes to the innate immune system, which suggests that it can prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry. We studied the ability of healthy salivary proteins to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) using biolayer interferometry and pull-down assays. Their effects on binding between the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 (S1) and ACE2 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Saliva bound to ACE2 and disrupted the binding of S1 to ACE2 and four ACE2-binding salivary proteins were identified, including cationic histone H2A and neutrophil elastase, which inhibited the S1-ACE2 interaction. Calf thymus histone (ct-histone) also inhibited binding as effectively as histone H2A. The results of a cell-based infection assay indicated that ct-histone suppressed SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral invasion into ACE2-expressing host cells. Manufactured polypeptides, such as ε-poly-L-lysine, also disrupted S1-ACE2 binding, indicating the importance of the cationic properties of salivary proteins in ACE2 binding. Overall, we demonstrated that positively charged salivary proteins are a barrier against SARS-CoV-2 entry by cloaking the negatively charged surface of ACE2 and provided a view that the cationic polypeptides represent a preventative and therapeutic treatment against COVID-19.
Do Police Maximize Arrests or Minimize Crime? Evidence from Racial Profiling in U.S. Cities
Authors: Stashko Allison 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is difficult to identify sources of discrimination in police stop and search data. In part, this is due to uncertainty over the objective of discretionary police stops: Do officers aim to maximize arrests or to minimize crime? In this paper, I compare theoretical predictions implied by these two objectives to data from U.S. cities. Empirical evidence is consistent with a model of arrest maximization and inconsistent with a model of crime minimization. The findings support the validity of existing tests for discrimination that rely on the assumption that police officers maximize arrests.
Does Coordinated Administrative Leadership Improve US Federal Agency Management of Discrimination Problems?
Authors: Krause George A , Park Jungyeon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although the Equal Employment and Opportunity Commission (EEOC) requires that agency EEO directors serve under the direct supervision of agency heads, considerable variation exists on whether agencies adequately implement this requirement into practice by adopting a formal mechanism termed a coordinated reporting organizational arrangement (CROA). A dual exposure−informal resolution strategy is proposed to understand how CROAs improve US federal agencies’ organizational efforts at managing workplace discrimination. This logic is statistically evaluated by estimating endogenous treatment effect regression models that analyze discrimination caseload data from EEOC Annual Reports between 2010 and 2014 spanning 131 US federal agencies. Consistent with this dual exposure−informal resolution strategy, the statistical evidence reveals that CROAs not only encourage agency employees to report incidents of workplace discrimination, but also augment agency efforts at successful internal resolutions of these reported incidents, thus reducing formal complaint filings. Yet, the beneficial effects associated with CROAs are most acutely realized for those agencies displaying either low or high levels of organizational fairness.