bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Eagle and the Serpent on the Screen: The State as Spectacle in Mexican Cinema
Authors: Chávez Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent studies of the history of Mexican cinema continue to speak of the complex relations between the state and the film industry, and the most frequently analyzed aspects tend to be the same: the reach and forms of censorship, as well as the financial dependence on the state. To broaden this perspective, I propose a classification of cinematic discourses that represent the relations between film characters and state powers. I discuss four basic modes of representation that, determined by historical and economic circumstances, reflect and mediate the attitudes and dispositions of viewers toward the political regime. For each mode, I discuss a sequence in a paradigmatic film, analyzing visual and ideological aspects in relation to the political moment at the time of the film's release. Finally, I argue that, despite the resurgence of the Mexican cinema and a more critical tone in its approach to state institutions, fictional films still rest on indirect and allegorical representations of recent events. This is due to the uncertainty of the prolonged and still-incomplete transition to institutional democracy in Mexico.
Precursors to Femicide: Guatemalan Women in a Vortex of Violence
Authors: Carey David , Torres M. Gabriela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractToday women in Guatemala are killed at nearly the same rate as they were in the early 1980s when the civil war became genocidal. Yet the current femicide epidemic is less an aberration than a reflection of the way violence against women has become normalized in Guatemala. Used to re-inscribe patriarchy and sustain both dictatorships and democracies, gender-based violence morphed into femicide when peacetime governments became too weak to control extralegal and paramilitary powers. The naturalization of gender-based violence over the course of the twentieth century maintained and promoted the systemic impunity that undergirds femicide today. By accounting for the gendered and historical dimensions of the cultural practices of violence and impunity, we offer a re-conceptualization of the social relations that perpetuate femicide as an expression of post-war violence.
Household Shocks, Child Labor, and Child Schooling: Evidence from Guatemala
Authors: Vásquez William F. , Bohara Alok K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing data from the National Survey of Standards of Living conducted in Guatemala in 2000, this article tests the hypothesis that Guatemalan households use child labor and reduce child schooling to cope with household shocks. First, the authors use factor analysis to estimate the latent household propensity to natural disasters and socioeconomic shocks. Then, they estimate bivariate probit models to identify the determinants of child labor and schooling, including household propensity to natural disasters and socioeconomic shocks. Results suggest that households use child labor to cope with natural disasters and socioeconomic shocks. In contrast, the authors found no evidence that suggests that households reduce child schooling to cope with shocks. Findings also indicate that poor households are more likely to use child labor and schooling reduction as strategies to cope with socioeconomic shocks.
Instituciones políticas y políticas públicas en la Federación brasileña
Authors: Santos Fabiano , Batista Cristiane 
Published: September 2022

ResumenEl objetivo del trabajo es analizar los determinantes de las políticas públicas de naturaleza social en los estados brasileños. Más específicamente, se trata de examinar el gasto público en las áreas de salud y educación y explorar las posibles causas de la variación eventualmente observada. La motivación teórica de esta propuesta adviene de una línea de investigación en la literatura que afirma que a nivel estatal el ejecutivo es una fuerza sin contraposición dentro del sistema político y que, además, la lógica de producción de políticas públicas estaría, sobre todo, vinculada a los objetivos individuales del gobernador. Entretanto, según nuestros resultados fueron descartadas las hipótesis nulas de la inexistencia de un efecto positivo de la ideología del gobernador sobre el nivel del gasto social y de la ausencia de impacto negativo del número de comisiones, aún en gobiernos controlados por la izquierda, en este mismo nivel de gasto.
Name(ing) norms: Mispronunciations and ethnic categories in political talk
Authors: Svensson Hanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the situated orientation to and production of social and political norms related to the pronunciation of person names in the context of announcing next speakers during a political meeting. Through a detailed multimodal analysis of naturally occurring interaction, the article discusses how participants to a political party's congress in Sweden treat the chairpersons’ pronunciation of person names as rendering them (non)normative and as relating them to ethnic categories. In associating specific prosodic realizations of person names with ‘(non)Swedish-ness’ and orienting to this as inacceptable, the participants reflexively establish these membership categories as (non)normative and, moreover, as unequal. In this way, the article contributes to our understanding of normative aspects regarding public announcements of next speakers as a turn-taking procedure in political interaction and how names are invoked and established as related to (non)normative ethnic categories by virtue of the formal properties of their production. (Conversation analysis, ethnomethodology, person names, political interaction, turn-taking, ethnicity, prosody)*
The i-frame and the s-frame: How focusing on individual-level solutions has led behavioral public policy astray
Authors: Chater Nick , Loewenstein George 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn influential line of thinking in behavioral science, to which the two authors have long subscribed, is that many of society's most pressing problems can be addressed cheaply and effectively at the level of the individual, without modifying the system in which the individual operates. We now believe this was a mistake, along with, we suspect, many colleagues in both the academic and policy communities. Results from such interventions have been disappointingly modest. But more importantly, they have guided many (though by no means all) behavioral scientists to frame policy problems in individual, not systemic, terms: To adopt what we call the “i-frame,” rather than the “s-frame.” The difference may be more consequential than i-frame advocates have realized, by deflecting attention and support away from s-frame policies. Indeed, highlighting the i-frame is a long-established objective of corporate opponents of concerted systemic action such as regulation and taxation. We illustrate our argument briefly for six policy problems, and in depth with the examples of climate change, obesity, retirement savings, and pollution from plastic waste. We argue that the most important way in which behavioral scientists can contribute to public policy is by employing their skills to develop and implement value-creating system-level change.
Ageing as a driver of progressive politics? What the European Silver Economy teaches us about the co-constitution of ageing and innovation
Authors: Lipp Benjamin , Peine Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAgeing has become a ubiquitous concern in European policy. Critics have bemoaned that such policies are not so much about older people but rather about finding justification for other policy aims, such as economic growth or technological innovation. However, such critiques do not capture the co-constitutive relationship between ageing and innovation shaping one another. Using the example of the Silver Economy discourse, we show that ageing has not only been reframed under the imperatives of economic and innovation policies, but that ageing itself can also affect those policies. In its formative stages, the Silver Economy was characterised by a number of tensions between, on the one hand, common ageist assumptions about old age and, on the other hand, alternative visions of what ageing could mean as a policy field. However, these potentials have later been domesticated within the broader field of Active and Healthy Ageing. In this Forum Article, we therefore hypothesise what it would mean to take ageing more seriously as a driver of progressive politics as indicated in those formative years of the Silver Economy. Such a speculative take on current old-age policy, we hold, opens up a number of fruitful avenues and new interfaces between critical researchers, practitioners and policy makers interested in driving progressive politics.
The partner in the plate: the association between changes in partnership status and protein consumption among older people in Europe
Authors: Pasqualini Marta , Solé-Auró Aïda , Arpino Bruno 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExperiencing a change in partnership status at older ages might have detrimental effects on an individual's habits, including eating behaviours. Prior studies presented evidence that widowhood is related to altered diets with a decrease in the amount of protein consumed, which is considered to be an important risk factor of frailty among older people. Using data from Waves 4–8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (N = 134,313), we investigate the association between stability and changes in partnership status and changes in the frequency of protein consumption at older ages. We also explore the potential moderating role played by changes in economic resources. Having never been married, being divorced and being widowed were significantly associated with a lower frequency of protein consumption among both men and women. The transition to widowhood was significantly associated with a reduction in the frequency of protein consumption, while this same association was not found in the transition to divorce. Subjective evaluation of economic resources did not moderate the relationship between changes in partnership status and frequency of protein consumption. In short, changes in eating behaviours after having experienced the loss of a partner due to widowhood might contribute to accounting for health differentials between those ageing alone and those with a partner.
Intervals of s-torsion pairs in extriangulated categories with negative first extensions
Authors: ADACHI TAKAHIDE , ENOMOTO HARUHISA , TSUKAMOTO MAYU 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a general framework for the studies of t-structures on triangulated categories and torsion pairs in abelian categories, we introduce the notions of extriangulated categories with negative first extensions and s-torsion pairs. We define a heart of an interval in the poset of s-torsion pairs, which naturally becomes an extriangulated category with a negative first extension. This notion generalises hearts of t-structures on triangulated categories and hearts of twin torsion pairs in abelian categories. In this paper, we show that an interval in the poset of s-torsion pairs is bijectively associated with s-torsion pairs in the corresponding heart. This bijection unifies two well-known bijections: one is the bijection induced by the HRS-tilt of t-structures on triangulated categories. The other is Asai–Pfeifer’s and Tattar’s bijections for torsion pairs in an abelian category, which is related to
$\tau$
-tilting reduction and brick labelling.
An International Ombudsman to make non-governmental organizations more accountable? Too good to be true …
Authors: Carolei Domenico 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 2018, the Dutch Government proposed to establish an independent international ombudsman, known as the International Ombuds for Humanitarian and Development Aid (IOHDA), to hold non-governmental organizations (NGOs) accountable for their safeguarding and accountability failures, notably the Oxfam GB sexual abuse scandal in Haiti (March 2018) and in the Democratic Republic of Congo (April 2021). While establishing an international ombudsman would fill a regulatory and accountability gap in global governance, there are many legal and logistic challenges, some of which have been identified by the IOHDA proposal itself, that undermine the creation of this brand new body. Besides the legal and logistic challenges outlined in the proposal, this article argues that the IOHDA is unlikely to succeed because of three additional challenges. First, the IOHDA’s scope is too broad and misinterprets the ombudsman’s jurisdiction and traditional role. Second, the IOHDA neglects that existing ombudsman schemes present limitations in enacting accountability and does not learn any lessons from them. Third, the IOHDA lacks support from NGOs, a driving force, and the principal standard-setters for an international accountability mechanism, like the proposed ombudsman. This article provides a series of recommendations to mitigate these three challenges whilst identifying alternative routes to enact NGO accountability.
Novel, popular, fashionable and partisan: making coffeehouses ‘burgherly’ spaces in early modern Hamburg
Authors: Robilliard Gabrielle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines the nature of sociability, communication and the ‘practical public sphere’ of Hamburg's early coffeehouses (1677–1714) and provides insight into the ‘social life’ of these coffeehouse spaces during the ‘early’ Enlightenment. Using licensing records, administrative sources and supplications, it shows how novelty, popularity, political partisanship and fashionability were characteristic of these early coffeehouses, creating a fluid and capricious dynamic of custom and communication that stressed established notions of honourable sociabilities and communication in urban public spaces. It argues that these destabilizing social and communication practices led to social stratification and a redefinition of ‘honourable’ burgherly behaviour in the normative public sphere. Strategies to govern the coffeehouses sought thus to bind these spaces and their actors to this newly articulated ‘normative’ burgherly public sphere.
Adjunctive neuronavigated accelerated continuous theta-burst stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized sham-controlled study
Authors: Mukherjee Aniruddha , Kumre Pramod Kumar , Goyal Nishant , Khanra Sourav 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 40% of patients treated for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not respond to standard and second-line augmentation treatments leading to the exploration of alternate biological treatments. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation inducing more rapid and longer-lasting effects on synaptic plasticity than the latter. To the best of our knowledge, only one recent study and a case report investigated the effect of cTBS at the supplementary motor area (SMA) in OCD.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the effect of accelerated robotized neuronavigated cTBS over SMA in patients with OCD.MethodsA total of 32 patients with OCD were enrolled and randomized into active and sham cTBS groups. For active cTBS stimulation, an accelerated protocol was used. Bursts of three stimuli at 50 Hz, at 80% of MT, repeated at 5 Hz were used. Daily 2 sessions of 900 pulses each, for a total of 30 sessions over 3 wk (weekly 10 sessions), were given. Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Rating Scale (YBOCS), Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were administered at baseline and at end of weeks 3 and 8.ResultsA total of 26 patients completed the study. Active cTBS group showed significant group × time effect in YBOCS obsession (P < .001, η2 = 0.288), compulsion (P = .004, η2 = 0.207), YBOCS total (P < .001, η2 = 0.288), CGI-S (P = .010, η2 = 0.248), CGI-C (P = .010, η2 = 0.248), HAM-D (P = .014, η2 = 0.224) than sham cTBS group.ConclusionsFindings from our study suggest that adjunctive accelerated cTBS significantly improves psychopathology, severity of illness, and depression among patients with OCD. Future studies with larger sample sizes will add to our knowledge.
Unsupervised high-frequency smartphone-based cognitive assessments are reliable, valid, and feasible in older adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nicosia Jessica , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , Balota David A. , Sliwinski Martin J. , Tahan Marisol , Adams Sarah , Stout Sarah S. , Wilks Hannah , Gordon Brian A. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Fagan Anne M. , Xiong Chengjie , Bateman Randall J. , Morris John C. , Hassenstab Jason 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:Smartphones have the potential for capturing subtle changes in cognition that characterize preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in older adults. The Ambulatory Research in Cognition (ARC) smartphone application is based on principles from ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and administers brief tests of associative memory, processing speed, and working memory up to 4 times per day over 7 consecutive days. ARC was designed to be administered unsupervised using participants’ personal devices in their everyday environments.Methods:We evaluated the reliability and validity of ARC in a sample of 268 cognitively normal older adults (ages 65–97 years) and 22 individuals with very mild dementia (ages 61–88 years). Participants completed at least one 7-day cycle of ARC testing and conventional cognitive assessments; most also completed cerebrospinal fluid, amyloid and tau positron emission tomography, and structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Results:First, ARC tasks were reliable as between-person reliability across the 7-day cycle and test-retest reliabilities at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups all exceeded 0.85. Second, ARC demonstrated construct validity as evidenced by correlations with conventional cognitive measures (r = 0.53 between composite scores). Third, ARC measures correlated with AD biomarker burden at baseline to a similar degree as conventional cognitive measures. Finally, the intensive 7-day cycle indicated that ARC was feasible (86.50% approached chose to enroll), well tolerated (80.42% adherence, 4.83% dropout), and was rated favorably by older adult participants.Conclusions:Overall, the results suggest that ARC is reliable and valid and represents a feasible tool for assessing cognitive changes associated with the earliest stages of AD.
Cognitive outcomes in anti-LGI-1 encephalitis
Authors: Galioto Rachel , Aboseif Albert , Krishnan Kamini , Lace John , Kunchok Amy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:Cognitive impairment is one of the most common symptoms of anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 (anti-LGI-1) encephalitis, but little is known about the cognitive profile of these patients. This study characterized the cognitive profile of patients with anti-LGI-1 encephalitis and compared patterns of impairment to healthy controls and other patient groups with known temporal lobe/limbic involvement.Methods:A retrospective analysis of adult patients with anti-LGI-1 encephalitis who underwent neuropsychological assessment was conducted. Performance patterns of anti-LGI-1 patients were compared to patients deemed cognitively healthy (HC), as well as patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Results:Among 10 anti-LGI encephalitis patients (60% male, median age 67.5 years) who underwent neuropsychological testing (median = 38.5 months from symptom onset), cognitive deficits were common, with 100% of patients showing impairment (≤1.5 SD below mean) on 1+ measures and 80% on 2+ measures. Patients with anti-LGI-1 encephalitis performed worse than controls on measures of basic attention, vigilance, psychomotor speed, complex figure copy, and aspects of learning/memory. Of measures which differed from controls, there were no differences between the anti-LGI-1 and TLE patients, while the anti-LGI-1 patients exhibited higher rates of impairment in basic attention and lower rates of delayed verbal memory impairment compared to the aMCI patients.Conclusions:Long-term cognitive deficits are common in patients with anti-LGI-1 encephalitis and involve multiple domains. Future research in larger samples is needed to confirm these findings.
High-Performance Compact Pre-Lens Retarding Field Energy Analyzer for Energy Distribution Measurements of an Electron Gun
Authors: Lee Ha Rim , Hwang Junhyeok , Ogawa Takashi , Jung Haewon , Yun Dal-Jae , Lee Sangsun , Park In-Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The energy distribution of an electron gun is one of the most important characteristics determining the performance of electron beam-based instruments, such as electron microscopes and electron energy loss spectroscopes. For accurate measurements of the energy distribution, this study presents a novel retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) with the feature of an additional integrated pre-lens, which enables an adjustment of beam trajectory into the analyzer. The advantages of this analyzer are its compact size and simple electrode configuration. According to trajectory simulation theories, the optimum condition arises when the incident electron beam inside the RFEA is focused on the center of a retarding electrode. Comparing I–V curves depending on whether the pre-lens working or not, it is confirmed that the use of the pre-lens dramatically improves the energy resolution and efficiency of the signal acquisition process. The pre-lens RFEA was applied to characterize a Schottky electron gun under various temperatures and extraction voltages as operational conditions. When the tip temperature was increased by 50 K, we were able to measure an energy distribution broadening of 13.8 meV with the proposed pre-lens RFEA. The relative standard deviation of energy distribution was 0.7% for each working condition.
Performance Evaluation of Focal Plane Array (FPA)-FTIR and Synchrotron Radiation (SR)-FTIR Microspectroscopy to Classify Rice Components
Authors: Siriwong Supatcharee , Tanthanuch Waraporn , Srisamut Duangjai , Chantarakhon Chulalak , Kamkajon Kanokwan , Thumanu Kanjana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of biochemical analysis techniques to study heterogeneous biological samples is increasing. These techniques include synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. This method has been applied to analyze biological tissue with multivariate statistical analysis to classify the components revealed by the spectral data. This study aims to compare the efficiencies of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy and focal plane array (FPA)-FTIR microspectroscopy when classifying rice tissue components. Spectral data were acquired for mapping the same sample areas from both techniques. Principal component analysis and cluster imaging were used to investigate the biochemical variations of the tissue types. The classification was based on the functional groups of pectin, protein, and polysaccharide. Four layers from SR-FTIR microspectroscopy including pericarp, aleurone layer, sub-aleurone layer, and endosperm were classified using cluster imaging, while FPA-FTIR microspectroscopy could classify only three layers of pericarp, aleurone layer, and endosperm. Moreover, SR-FTIR microspectroscopy increased the image contrast of the biochemical distribution in rice tissue more efficiently than FPA-FTIR microspectroscopy. We have demonstrated the capability of the high-resolution synchrotron technique and its ability to clarify small structures in rice tissue. The use of this technique might increase in future studies of tissue characterization.