bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periapical and endodontic status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Age‐ and sex‐matched case–control study
Authors: Segura‐Sampedro Juan J. , Jiménez‐Giménez Carla , Jane‐Salas Enric , Cabanillas‐Balsera Daniel , Martín‐González Jenifer , Segura‐Egea Juan J. , López‐López José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimCrohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two chronic recurrent inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal tract, grouped under the name inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), causing clinical episodes of intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between IBD and the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and root canal treatment.MethodologyA case–control study design matched to age and sex was used. The study group (SG) included 28 patients with IBD (13 with CD, 15 with UC). Another 28 healthy subjects, without IBD and age‐ and sex‐matched, were included in the control group (CG). Radiographic records were analysed and AP was diagnosed as radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs), using the periapical index score. Student's t‐test, χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsIn the CG, only 17 subjects (61%) had at least one tooth with AP, whilst in the SG group they were 23 patients (82%; OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 0.87–10.87; p = .08). The number of subjects with one or more root filled teeth (RFT) in the CG was 14 (50%), whilst in the SG they were 22 (79%; OR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.14–11.79; p = .026). At least one RFT with AP was evident in three subjects (10.7%) in the CG, whilst in the SG 15 patients (53.6%) showed RFT with AP (OR = 9.60; 95% CI = 2.35–39.35; p = .001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only endodontic status was found to be associated with IBD (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.24–2.80; p = .003).ConclusionIBD, UC and Crohn’s disease are associated with higher prevalence of RFT and higher percentage of RFT with periapical lesions. Dentists should consider these findings when caring for IBD patients by monitoring the evolution of periapical lesions of endodontically treated teeth.
Controlling Voice and Loyalty: The Regulation of Exit in Latin America
Authors: Larratt‐Smith Charles , Leon Daniel S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFrom the colonial period until the present, exit has been a central feature of Latin American political life. This article analyses the history of emigration regimes in Latin America and finds that variables such as regime type, immigration drivers and the profile of those trying to exit are key to understanding how this practice is regulated throughout the region. We find that in Latin America, the decision to restrict, permit or even encourage exit has long been influenced by the need to maximize loyalty to incumbent rule while minimizing domestic dissent and potential hostility from foreign exile diasporas. Authoritarian regimes have historically fostered politically motived exit, yet demonstrate a reluctance to permit any unsanctioned elite emigration in order to prevent political rivals from generating hostility abroad. By contrast, democratic regimes seldom cause politically motivated exit in the same manner, yet have proven uninterested in addressing economically motivated exit because this serves to both relieve domestic pressures while stimulating the foreign remittance economy.
Retinal microglia: Functions and diseases
Authors: Fan Wei , Huang Weidi , Chen Jiayi , Li Na , Mao Liming , Hou Shengping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroglia, the resident immune cells in the retina and nervous system, make irreplaceable contributions to the maintenance of normal homeostasis and immune surveillance of these systems. Recently, great progress has been made in determining the origin, distribution, features and functions of retinal microglia and in identifying their roles in retinal diseases. In the retinal microenvironment, microglia constantly monitor changes in their surroundings and maintain balanced functions by communicating with other retinal cells. When disturbed, activated microglia may kill degenerated neurons and photoreceptors through phagocytosis and exacerbate retinal injury by producing multiple proinflammatory mediators. Numerous animal studies and in situ analyses of human tissue have shown that retinal microglia are involved in multiple retinal diseases. The functions and mechanisms of activated microglia in retinal disorders are gradually being elucidated. Increasing evidence points towards the dual roles of microglia in the retina and they are regulated by many factors. How to inhibit the detrimental effects of microglia and promote beneficial effects are worth studying. This review focuses primarily on the features and functions of microglia and how they participate in retinal diseases based on existing research findings. We also discuss current opinions about microglial transdifferentiation.
Some Solutions Inspired by Survey Sampling Theory to Build Effective Clinical Trials
Authors: Tillé Yves 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe organisation of a design of experiments, for example, for the realisation of a clinical trial, is crucial. It is often desirable to balance designs so that the means of the covariates are approximately the same in the test and control groups. In survey sampling theory, balanced sampling and calibration are two techniques that improve the precision of estimates. In this paper, we show the links between the two areas. We begin by assessing the gain in precision between a balanced design and a simple random sampling for the least squares estimators and the estimator by differences. We compare rerandomisation techniques and the cube method in order to balance the design. We propose a new method, particularly efficient, which combines the cube method with multivariate matching. A set of simulations is carried out in order to evaluate the different methods. The interest of the calibration is shown even if the design is almost balanced. It is thus shown that tools used by survey statisticians can be useful for experimental designs and clinical trials.
Stackelberg equilibrium strategies and coordination of a low‐carbon supply chain with a risk‐averse retailer
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyong , Bi Gongbing , Li Hongping , Zhang Baofeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of retailer's risk aversion on the equilibrium strategies and channel coordination in the presence of consumers’ low‐carbon preference. The stochastic market demand is dependent on the carbon reduction level, advertisement for low‐carbon products and their interplay. The mean‐CVaR criterion is adopted to measure the risk‐averse retailer's objective. The Stackelberg equilibrium carbon reduction level, order quantity and advertising level are derived. We find that the manufacturer's investment in carbon reduction can encourage the retailer to put more effort into advertising and increase the order quantity. All of the carbon reduction levels, advertising levels, and order quantity decrease when the retailer becomes conservative. An option and cost‐sharing combined contract is proposed to coordinate the supply chain. We prove that if the trade‐off coefficient (the weight that the retailer puts on expected profit) is higher than a threshold, the supply chain can achieve coordination even though the retailer's degree of risk aversion is extremely high. If the trade‐off coefficient is below the threshold, the supply chain can be coordinated only if the retailer's degree of risk aversion is not very high. The retailer's risk attitude and option price play significant roles in the profit allocation of the supply chain under coordination. Our numerical examples show that the retailer benefits from a higher degree of risk aversion or a higher option price under coordination.
Structural changes on the surfaces of borosilicate glasses induced by gamma‐ray irradiation
Authors: Mao Jiangjiang , Yang Kunjie , Chen Xu , Zhu Shikun , Zhang Guoqiang , Yang Fan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Qin Kemian , Wang Tieshan , Peng Haibo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVitrification is a kind of glass that can solidify high‐level radioactive waste (HLW). As the basic material of vitrification, borosilicate glass was studied extensively. To keep HLW away from the biosphere, the tolerance of borosilicate glass to irradiation is important. In this work, various samples of borosilicate glass with different compositions were irradiated with gamma rays at ambient temperature to study their stability. The hardness, moduli, and microscopic changes on surfaces of the borosilicate glasses were measured at specific absorbed doses. Upon the gamma irradiation, the structural changes on surfaces of borosilicate glasses were identified, which were strongly influenced by the composition of borosilicate glasses. The results demonstrate that gamma irradiation, as well as beta irradiation, might strongly influence the properties of vitrification. The irradiation effects on vitrification induced by gamma irradiation should be paid more attention to than before.
First‐principles insights on anion redox activity in NaxFe1/8Ni1/8Mn3/4O2: Toward efficient high‐energy cathodes for Na‐ion batteries
Authors: Massaro Arianna , Langella Aniello , Muñoz‐García Ana B. , Pavone Michele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the search for high‐energy cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs), Fe‐doped layered transition metal oxides have been recently proposed as promising systems that can ensure improved reversible capacity at high working voltage. Exploiting the anionic redox chemistry in this class of materials represents a great advance for the energy storage community, but uncontrolled oxidation process can lead to the formation of unbound molecular oxygen, with detrimental effects on overall capacity and stability upon cycling. The higher TM–O covalency provided by Fe doping seems to prevent oxygen loss and ensure full capacity recovery. Understanding anionic processes and the underlying mechanism with atomistic details can reinforce the experimental efforts and help to outline rational design strategies for novel high‐performing NIB cathodes. To this end, we present a state‐of‐the‐art first‐principles study on the P2‐type NaxTMO2 (TM = Fe, Ni, and Mn—NFNMO) oxide. We compare structural and electronic features of stoichiometric (NaxFe0.125Ni0.125Mn0.75O2) and Mn‐deficient (NaxFe0.125Ni0.125Mn0.68O2) NFNMO to identify and discuss the contribution of each element sublattice on charge compensation processes. Although Mn deficiency is predicted to increase the cathode working voltage, we find the charge compensation being mostly exerted by the Ni and Fe sublattices. Oxygen redox is unfold via the formation of superoxide species at low Na loads with a preferential breaking of more labile Ni–O bonds and binding to Fe atoms. Our calculations predict no release of molecular O2 upon desodiation, thus highlighting the key role of Fe dopant that provides a good TM–O bond strength, preventing oxygen loss while still enabling anionic redox reactions at high voltages with extra reversible capacity.
Integrative literature review of evidence‐based guidelines on antiretroviral therapy adherence among adult persons living with HIV
Authors: Agyeman‐Yeboah Joana , Ricks Esmeralda Jennifer , Williams Margaret , Jordan Portia Janine , Ten Ham‐Baloyi Wilma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo summarize recommendations from available evidence‐based guidelines that enhance, address or guide antiretroviral therapy adherence among adult persons living with human immunodeficiency virus.DesignAn integrative literature review approach.Data sourceGuidelines were accessed through Google from the databases of the Canadian Medical Association InfoBase clinical practice database, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Writer's Guidelines database, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, UNICEF and WHO. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost (CINAHL, ERIC, Academic search complete, E‐journals, Psych Info and MEDLINE), EMERALD INSIGHT, JSTOR, SCIENCE DIRECT and FINDPLUS were also searched, followed by a citation search. Data sources were searched between 1996 and January 2022.Review MethodsThe five steps of the integrative literature review process, as described by Whittemore and Knafl, were used. These steps are as follows: step one; problem identification, step two; literature search, step three; data evaluation; step four: data analysis and the final step was data presentation.ResultsSixteen guidelines related to antiretroviral therapy adherence were included for data extraction and synthesis. The findings revealed two themes as follows: theme 1: monitoring antiretroviral therapy adherence and theme 2: interventions to promote antiretroviral therapy adherence related to education and counselling, adherence tools, health service delivery and antiretroviral strategies.ConclusionAntiretroviral therapy adherence in adult persons requires both interventions as well as monitoring. The various contributing factors relating to antiretroviral therapy adherence should be further explored.ImpactEvidence from the included guidelines can assist nurses in promoting a person's adherence to antiretroviral treatment, which could improve their health and well‐being.
Coordinated chemical and microstructural analyses of presolar silicate grains from AGB/RGB stars and supernovae in the CO3.0 chondrite Dominion Range 08006
Authors: Seifert Laura B. , Haenecour Pierre , Zega Thomas J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report the structural and chemical analyses of six presolar silicate grains identified in situ in the CO3.0 carbonaceous chondrite Dominion Range (DOM) 08006. Two of the grains have O‐isotopic compositions consistent with origins in the circumstellar envelopes of low‐mass (<2M☉) asymptotic giant branch (AGB)/red giant branch (RGB) stars, although without Mg‐isotopic data, origins in supernovae (SNe) cannot be ruled out. The other four grains have O‐isotopic compositions consistent with origins in the ejecta of type‐II SNe. Transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that all grains are crystalline (single crystal or polycrystalline) and have varied compositions. The analyzed AGB/RGB grains include an Fe‐rich crystalline olivine with an Fe‐sulfide inclusion and a chemically zoned olivine grain that also contains an Fe‐oxide rim. The grains derived from SNe include two polycrystalline assemblages with structures that overlap with both olivine and pyroxene, an assemblage composed of both a single crystal of forsterite and polycrystalline forsterite, and an orthopyroxene grain with an embedded Fe‐sulfide crystal. The thermodynamic origins of both AGB/RGB and SN grains are also diverse. The structure and compositions of two grains are consistent with equilibrium thermodynamic predictions of condensation, whereas four are not, suggesting formation through nonequilibrium or multistep processes. Our observations of presolar silicate grains suggest that the circumstellar envelopes of AGB/RGB stars and the ejecta of SNe can produce grains with comparable structures and compositions.
Molecular parallelism in the evolution of a master sex‐determining role for the anti‐Mullerian hormone receptor 2 gene (amhr2) in Midas cichlids
Authors: Nacif Camila L. , Kratochwil Claudius F. , Kautt Andreas F. , Nater Alexander , Machado‐Schiaffino Gonzalo , Meyer Axel , Henning Frederico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe evolution of sex chromosomes and their differentiation from autosomes is a major event during genome evolution that happened many times in several lineages. The repeated evolution and lability of sex‐determination mechanisms in fishes makes this a well‐suited system to test for general patterns in evolution. According to current theory, differentiation is triggered by the suppression of recombination following the evolution of a new master sex‐determining gene. However, the molecular mechanisms that establish recombination suppression are known from few examples, owing to the intrinsic difficulties of assembling sex‐determining regions (SDRs). The development of forward‐genetics and long‐read sequencing have generated a wealth of data questioning central aspects of the current theory. Here, we demonstrate that sex in Midas cichlids is determined by an XY system, and identify and assemble the SDR by combining forward‐genetics, long‐read sequencing and optical mapping. We show how long‐reads aid in the detection of artefacts in genotype–phenotype mapping that arise from incomplete genome assemblies. The male‐specific region is restricted to a 100‐kb segment on chromosome 4 that harbours transposable elements and a Y‐specific duplicate of the anti‐Mullerian receptor 2 gene, which has evolved master sex‐determining functions repeatedly. Our data suggest that amhr2Y originated by an interchromosomal translocation from chromosome 20 to 4 pre‐dating the split of Midas and Flier cichlids. In the latter, it is pseudogenized and translocated to another chromosome. Duplication of anti‐Mullerian genes is a common route to establishing new sex determiners, highlighting the role of molecular parallelism in the evolution of sex determination.
Comparative linkage mapping uncovers recombination suppression across massive chromosomal inversions associated with local adaptation in Atlantic silversides
Authors: Akopyan Maria , Tigano Anna , Jacobs Arne , Wilder Aryn P. , Baumann Hannes , Therkildsen Nina O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of recombination in genome evolution has long been studied in theory, but until recently empirical investigations had been limited to a small number of model species. Here, we compare the recombination landscape and genome collinearity between two populations of the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), a small fish distributed across the steep latitudinal climate gradient of the North American Atlantic coast. We constructed separate linkage maps for locally adapted populations from New York and Georgia and their interpopulation laboratory cross. First, we used one of the linkage maps to improve the current silverside genome assembly by anchoring three large unplaced scaffolds to two chromosomes. Second, we estimated sex‐specific recombination rates, finding 2.3‐fold higher recombination rates in females than males—one of the most extreme examples of heterochiasmy in a fish. While recombination occurs relatively evenly across female chromosomes, it is restricted to only the terminal ends of male chromosomes. Furthermore, comparisons of female linkage maps revealed suppressed recombination along several massive chromosomal inversions spanning nearly 16% of the genome. These inversions segregate between locally adapted populations and coincide near perfectly with blocks of highly elevated genomic differentiation between wild populations. Finally, we discerned significantly higher recombination rates across chromosomes in the northern population compared to the southern. In addition to providing valuable resources for ongoing evolutionary and comparative genomic studies, our findings represent a striking example of structural variation that impacts recombination between adaptively divergent populations, providing empirical support for theorized genomic mechanisms facilitating adaptation despite gene flow.
General equilibrium and the neo‐Ricardian critique: On Bloise and Reichlin
Authors: Petri Fabio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 2009 article by Professors Bloise and Reichlin offers the opportunity to clarify the ‘neo‐Ricardian’ critique, which is not fully grasped by the two authors. Bloise and Reichlin identify long‐period analysis with steady states, which obscures the relevance of the supply‐side problems of the conception of capital as a single factor. Also, they seem not to grasp how indefensible intertemporal general equilibrium theory is, because of the impermanence problem and of the absurdity of perfect foresight of novelties. But in fact the acceptance of neoclassical theory rests, not on general equilibrium theory, but on faith in the traditional marginalist adjustments based on capital conceived as a single factor—a conception destroyed by the neo‐Ricardian critique, which therefore destroys the entire neoclassical approach. This critique points to problems which are logically prior to the instability issues to which Bloise and Reichlin reduce the critique; stability can be discussed only under ‘even‐conceding’ assumptions (illustrative examples are Marshall, and Fratini).
Rock mass fracture maps prediction based on spatiotemporal image sequence modeling
Authors: Xue Yadong , Cao Yupeng , Zhou Mingliang , Zhang Feng , Shen Kai , Jia Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiscontinuities in rock mass are the characteristic challenge of rock tunnel engineering projects, which have a vital impact on rock mass exposures' mechanical and hydrological characteristics. There is a growing demand for predicting the fracture maps during tunnel excavation to ensure a smooth tunnel excavation process. The computer vision measurement of fractures in the tunnel surface is a current hot spot, but the traditional statistical analysis methods for fractures are still mainstream. This paper uses a novel perspective of the time‐space sequence to explain the continuously exposed rock mass during tunneling. A spatial‐aware recurrent neural network is proposed, which takes the historical fracture maps as the input to predict the unexcavated part. The experimental results suggest that the proposed model produces reliable performance and is superior to the other two state‐of‐the‐art deep learning models. Moreover, the test on the site rock tunnel data suggested promising results for fracture map predictions.
The Plasmodium falciparum parasitophorous vacuole protein P113 interacts with the parasite protein export machinery and maintains normal vacuole architecture
Authors: Bullen Hayley E. , Sanders Paul R. , Dans Madeline G. , Jonsdottir Thorey K. , Riglar David T. , Looker Oliver , Palmer Catherine S. , Kouskousis Betty , Charnaud Sarah C. , Triglia Tony , Gabriela Mikha , Parkyn Schneider Molly , Chan Jo‐Anne , de Koning‐Ward Tania F. , Baum Jake , Kazura James W. , Beeson James G. , Cowman Alan F. , Gilson Paul R. , Crabb Brendan S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites results in approximately 627,000 deaths from malaria annually. Key to the parasite’s success is their ability to invade and subsequently grow within human erythrocytes. Parasite proteins involved in parasite invasion and proliferation are therefore intrinsically of great interest, as targeting these proteins could provide novel means of therapeutic intervention. One such protein is P113 which has been reported to be both an invasion protein and an intracellular protein located within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The PV is delimited by a membrane (PVM) across which a plethora of parasite‐specific proteins are exported via the Plasmodium Translocon of Exported proteins (PTEX) into the erythrocyte to enact various immune evasion functions. To better understand the role of P113 we isolated its binding partners from in vitro cultures of P. falciparum. We detected interactions with the protein export machinery (PTEX and exported protein‐interacting complex) and a variety of proteins that either transit through the PV or reside on the parasite plasma membrane. Genetic knockdown or partial deletion of P113 did not significantly reduce parasite growth or protein export but did disrupt the morphology of the PVM, suggesting that P113 may play a role in maintaining normal PVM architecture.