bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of a Cohort of HIV-Infected Mother–Infant Pairs During 21 Years
Authors: Illán Ramos Marta , Prieto Tato Luis Manuel , Guillén Martín Sara , Navarro Gómez Mᵃ Luisa , Escosa García Luis , Roa Francia Miguel Ángel , Beceiro Mosquera José , Olabarrieta Arnal Iciar , Muñoz Gálligo Eloy , Viñuela Benéitez Mᵃ Carmen , Regidor Sáez Francisco Javier , Mazariegos Orellana Diana , Fuentes Ferrer Manuel , Berzosa Sánchez Arantxa , Callejas Caballero Ignacio , Ramos Amador José Tomás ,   On Behalf of the Madrid Cohort of HIV-Infected Mother-Infant Pairs
Published: September 2022

Background:
HIV infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. After the introduction of effective preventive measures, perinatal transmission dramatically decreased. Our aim was to assess the sociodemographic changes in pregnant women living with HIV infection and trends in perinatal transmission rates over time.

Setting:
The Madrid cohort of HIV-infected mother–infant pairs is a multicenter, prospective, observational, and cohort study that collects information on HIV-infected pregnant women and their children.

Methods:
Information on clinical–epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women until delivery and their children from 9 public hospitals was included. Data were collected from a standardized questionnaire from medical records. The results were classified in 3 periods: period 1 (P1) 2000–2006, period 2 (P2) 2007–2013, and period 3 (P3) 2014–2020.

Results:
A total of 1521 women living with HIV and 1548 newborns were included. In P1, most mothers (75.8%) were Spanish, whereas in P2 and P3 there was a predominance of foreign origin [62.8% and 70.5% respectively (P < 0.01)]. The percentage of women with antiretroviral treatment before pregnancy increased significantly in P3 (P < 0.01). The proportion of Caesarean sections decreased over time (P < 0.01): 66.2% (n = 472) in P1, 54.9% (n = 245) in P2, and 46.7% (n = 141) in P3. The percentage of preterm and low birth weight newborns showed a statistically significant decrease. Even though there were no statistically significant differences (P = 0.154), a decrease in cases of perinatal infection was observed (1.6% in P1, 1.3% in P2 and 0.3% in P3).

Conclusions:
The epidemiologic characteristics of pregnant women with HIV infection have changed over time in our setting, with an increase of non-Caucasian, heterosexual, and perinatally infected mothers. Although there are still perinatal infections, especially in vulnerable populations such as immigrant women, transmission rate has markedly decreased in recent years and is still of major concern. Prevention measures should be reinforced in the most socially disadvantaged groups.
Evaluating the Influence of Anatomical Accuracy and Electrode Positions on EEG Forward Solutions
Authors: Nielsen Jesper Duemose , Puonti Oula , Xue Rong , Thielscher Axel , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenerating realistic volume conductor models for forward calculations in electroencephalography (EEG) is not trivial and several factors contribute to the accuracy of such models, two of which are its anatomical accuracy and the accuracy with which electrode positions are known. Here, we investigate effects of anatomical accuracy by comparing forward solutions from SimNIBS, a tool which allows state-of-the-art anatomical modeling, with well-established pipelines in MNE-Python and FieldTrip. We also compare different ways of specifying electrode locations when digitized positions are not available such as transformation of measured positions from standard space and transformation of a manufacturer layout.Substantial effects of anatomical accuracy were seen throughout the entire brain both in terms of field topography and magnitude with SimNIBS generally being more accurate than the pipelines in MNE-Python and FieldTrip. Topographic and magnitude effects were particularly pronounced for MNE-Python which uses a three-layer boundary element method (BEM) model. We attribute these mainly to differences in skull and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) modeling. Effects of electrode specification method were evident in occipital and posterior areas when using a transformed manufacturer layout whereas transforming measured positions from standard space generally resulted in smaller errors.We suggest modeling the anatomy of the volume conductor as accurately possible and we hope to facilitate this by making it easy to export simulations from SimNIBS to MNE-Python and FieldTrip for further analysis. Likewise, if digitized electrode positions are not available, a set of measured positions on a standard head template may be preferable to those specified by the manufacturer.
Reactivation-induced memory integration prevents proactive interference in perceptual learning
Authors: Huang Zhibang , Niu Zhimei , Li Sheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe acquire perceptual skills through experience to adapt ourself to the changing environment. Accomplishing an effective skill acquisition is a main purpose of perceptual learning research. Given the often observed learning effect specificity, multiple perceptual learnings with shared parameters could serve to improve the generalization of the learning effect. However, the interference between the overlapping memory traces of different learnings may impede this effort. Here, we trained human participants on an orientation discrimination task. We observed a proactive interference effect that the first training blocked the second training at its untrained location. This was a more pronounced effect than the well-known location specificity in perceptual learning. We introduced a short reactivation of the first training before the second training and successfully eliminated the proactive interference when the second training was inside the reconsolidation time window of the reactivated first training. Interestingly, we found that practicing an irrelevant task at the location of the second training immediately after the reactivation of the first training could also restore the effect of the second training but in a smaller magnitude, even if the second training was conducted outside of the reconsolidation window. We proposed a two-level mechanism of reactivation-induced memory integration to account for these results. The reactivation-based procedure could integrate either the previously trained and untrained locations or the two trainings at these locations, depending on the activated representations during the reconsolidation process. The findings provide us with new insight into the roles of long-term memory mechanisms in perceptual learning.
Longitudinal assessment of water-reaching reveals altered cortical activity and fine motor coordination defects in a Huntington Disease model
Authors: Wang Yundi , Sepers Marja D. , Xiao Dongsheng , Raymond Lynn A. , Murphy Timothy H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuntington Disease (HD), caused by dominantly inherited expansions of a CAG repeat results in characteristic motor dysfunction. Although gross motor and balance defects have been extensively characterized in multiple HD mouse models using tasks such as rotarod, beam walking and gait analysis, little is known about forelimb deficits. Here we use a high-throughput alternating reward/non-reward water-reaching task conducted daily over ∼2 months to simultaneously monitor forelimb impairment and mesoscale cortical changes in GCaMP activity, comparing female zQ175 (HD) and wildtype (WT) littermate mice, starting at ∼5.5 months of age. Behavioral analysis of the water-reaching task reveals that HD mice, despite learning the water-reaching task as proficiently as WT mice, take longer to learn the alternating event sequence. Although WT mice displayed no significant changes in cortical activity and reaching trajectory throughout the testing period, HD mice exhibited an increase in cortical activity – especially in the secondary motor and retrosplenial cortices – over time, as well as longer and more variable reaching trajectories by ∼7 months of age. HD mice also experienced a progressive reduction in successful performance rates. Tapered beam and rotarod tests before and/or after water-reaching assessment confirmed these early and manifest stages of HD characterized by the absence and presence of failed water-reaching trials, respectively. Reduced DARPP-32 (marker for striatal medium spiny neurons) expression in HD mice further confirmed disease pathology. The water-reaching task can be used to inform HD and potentially other movement disorder onset, therapeutic intervention windows and test drug efficacy.Significance statementThe movement disorder, Huntington Disease (HD), has been extensively studied in preclinical settings using mouse models of disease examining gross motor and balance defects. Little however, is known regarding forelimb deficits and underlying cortical circuit changes. Using a high-throughput alternating reward/non-reward water-reaching task, we characterized early event sequence learning defects in HD mice aged ∼5.5 months. Progressive forelimb movement defects first become apparent at ∼6.5 months of age with corresponding increases in cortical activity associated with reaching observed over time. These forelimb defects revealed in the water-reaching task are coincident with gross motor defects characterized using the tapered beam and rotarod tasks, demonstrating the suitability of the water-reaching task in phenotyping HD motor deficits.
Microsaccades transiently lateralise EEG alpha activity
Authors: Liu Baiwei , Nobre Anna C. , van Ede Freek 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe lateralisation of 8-12 Hz alpha activity is a canonical signature of human spatial cognition that is typically studied under strict fixation requirements. Yet, even during attempted fixation, the brain produces small involuntary eye movements known as microsaccades. Here we report how spontaneous microsaccades – made in the absence of incentives to look elsewhere – can themselves drive transient lateralisation of EEG alpha power according to microsaccade direction. This transient lateralisation of posterior alpha power occurs similarly following start and return microsaccades and is driven by increased alpha power ipsilateral to microsaccade direction. This reveals new links between spontaneous microsaccades and human electrophysiological brain activity, and highlights how microsaccades are an important factor to consider in studies relating alpha activity to spatial cognition.
An automated BIDS-App for brain segmentation of human fetal functional MRI data
Authors: Nichols Emily S. , Correa Susana , Van Dyken Peter , Kai Jason , Kuehn Tristan , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Duerden Emma G. , Khan Ali R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFetal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers critical insight into the developing brain and could aid in predicting developmental outcomes. As the fetal brain is surrounded by heterogeneous tissue, it is not possible to use adult- or child-based segmentation toolboxes. Manually-segmented masks can be used to extract the fetal brain; however, this comes at significant time costs. Here, we present a new BIDS App for masking fetal fMRI, funcmasker-flex, that overcomes these issues with a robust 3D convolutional neural network (U-net) architecture implemented in an extensible and transparent Snakemake workflow. Open-access fetal fMRI data with manual brain masks from 159 fetuses (1103 total volumes) were used for training and testing the U-net model. We also tested generalizability of the model using 82 locally acquired functional scans from 19 fetuses, which included over 2300 manually segmented volumes. Dice metrics were used to compare performance of funcmasker-flex to the ground truth manually segmented volumes, and segmentations were consistently robust (all Dice metrics ≥0.74). The tool is freely available and can be applied to any BIDS dataset containing fetal bold sequences. funcmasker-flex reduces the need for manual segmentation, even when applied to novel fetal functional datasets, resulting in significant time-cost savings for performing fetal fMRI analysis.
Formulating a TMEM176B blocker in nanoparticles uncouples its paradoxical roles in innate and adaptive antitumoral immunity
Authors: Victoria Sabina , Castro Analía , Pittini Alvaro , Olivera Daniela , Russo Sofía , Cebrian Ignacio , Mombru Alvaro W. , Osinaga Eduardo , Pardo Helena , Segovia Mercedes , Hill Marcelo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe immunoregulatory cation channel TMEM176B plays a dual role in tumor immunity. On one hand, TMEM176B promotes antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells by regulating phagosomal pH in dendritic cells (DCs). On the other hand, TMEM176B inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through ionic mechanisms in DCs, monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, the TMEM176B blocker BayK8644 controls tumor progression through mechanisms involving inflammasome activation in prophylactic but not in therapeutic protocols. We speculated that the limited therapeutic efficacy of the compound may be linked to its potential capacity to inhibit antigen cross-presentation. Here we show that free BayK8644 inhibits antigen cross-presentation by splenic DCs. To prevent such inhibition, we reasoned that formulating BayK8644 in nanoparticles may delay the release of the compound in endosomes. Avoiding TMEM176B inhibition during the first 30 minutes of nanoparticle internalization by DCs may allow efficient cross-presentation to occur during this critical time frame. Indeed, we observed that NP-PEG-BayK8644 did not inhibit antigen cross-presentation, in contrast to the free compound. Moreover, NP-PEG-BayK8644 triggered inflammasome activation in a Tmem176b-dependent manner. We then injected eNP-PEG or NP-PEG-BayK8644 to mice bearing established tumors. NP-PEG-BayK8644 significantly controlled tumor growth and mice survival, as compared to eNP-PEG and free BayK8644, in a Tmem176b-dependent manner in mouse melanoma and lymphoma tumors. Responding animals treated with NP-PEG-BayK8644 showed reinforced tumor infiltration by total and tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Overall, we rationally developed a formulating method of BayK8644 that improves its anti-tumoral therapeutic efficacy by uncoupling the dual role of TMEM176B on innate and adaptive immunity.
Tumor removal limits prostate cancer cell dissemination in bone and osteoblasts induce cancer cell dormancy through focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Liu Ruihua , Su Shang , Xing Jing , Liu Ke , Zhao Yawei , Stangis Mary , Jacho Diego P. , Yildirim-Ayan Eda D. , Gatto-Weis Cara M. , Chen Bin , Li Xiaohong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can enter a dormant state and cause no symptoms in cancer patients. On the other hand, the dormant DTCs can reactivate and cause metastases progression and lethal relapses. In prostate cancer (PCa), relapse can happen after curative treatments such as primary tumor removal. The impact of surgical removal on PCa dissemination and dormancy remains elusive. Furthermore, as dormant DTCs are asymptomatic, dormancy-inducing can be an operational cure for preventing metastases and relapse of PCa patients.MethodsWe used a PCa subcutaneous xenograft model and species-specific PCR to survey the DTCs in various organs at different time points of tumor growth and in response to tumor removal. We developedin vitro2D and 3D co-culture models to recapitulate the dormant DTCs in the bone microenvironment. Proliferation assays, fluorescent cell cycle reporter, qRT-PCR, and Western Blot were used to characterize the dormancy phenotype. We performed RNA sequencing to determine the dormancy signature of PCa. A drug repurposing algorithm was applied to predict dormancy-inducing drugs and a top candidate was validated for the efficacy and the mechanism of dormancy induction.ResultsWe found DTCs in almost all mouse organs examined, including bones, at week 2 post-tumor cell injections. Surgical removal of the primary tumor reduced the overall DTC abundance, but the DTCs were enriched only in the bones. We found that osteoblasts, but not other cells of the bones, induced PCa cell dormancy. RNA-Seq revealed the suppression of mitochondrial-related biological processes in osteoblast-induced dormant PCa cells. Importantly, the mitochondrial-related biological processes were found up-regulated in both circulating tumor cells and bone metastases from PCa patients’ data. We predicted and validated the dormancy-mimicking effect of PF-562271, an inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)in vitro. Decreased FAK phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation were found in both co-cultured and PF-271-treated C4-2B cells, suggesting that FAK plays a key role in osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy.ConclusionsOur study provides the first insights into how primary tumor removal enriches PCa cell dissemination in the bones, defines a unique osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy signature, and identifies FAK as a PCa cell dormancy gatekeeper.
Gene interaction perturbation network deciphers a high-resolution taxonomy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Weng Siyuan , Dang Qin , Xu Hui , Ren Yuqing , Guo Chunguang , Xing Zhe , Sun Zhenqiang , Han Xinwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecular subtypes of colorectal cancer (CRC) are currently identified via the snapshot transcriptional profiles, largely ignoring the dynamic changes of gene expressions. Conversely, biological networks remain relatively stable irrespective of time and condition. Here, we introduce an individual-specific gene interaction perturbation network-based (GIN) approach and identify six GIN subtypes (GINS1-6) with distinguishing features: (i) GINS1 (proliferative, 24%∼34%), elevated proliferative activity, high tumor purity, immune-desert,PIK3CAmutations, and immunotherapeutic resistance; (ii) GINS2 (stromal-rich, 14%∼22%), abundant fibroblasts, immune-suppressed, stem-cell-like,SMAD4mutations, unfavorable prognosis, high potential of recurrence and metastasis, immunotherapeutic resistance, and sensitive to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy; (iii) GINS3 (KRAS-inactivated, 13%∼20%), high tumor purity, immune-desert, activation ofEGFRand ephrin receptors, chromosomal instability (CIN), fewerKRASmutations,SMOC1methylation, immunotherapeutic resistance, and sensitive to cetuximab and bevacizumab; (iv) GINS4 (mixed, 10%∼19%), moderate level of stromal and immune activities, transit-amplifying-like, andTMEM106Amethylation; (v) GINS5 (immune-activated, 12%∼24%), stronger immune activation, plentiful tumor mutation and neoantigen burden, microsatellite instability and high CpG island methylator phenotype,BRAFmutations, favorable prognosis, and sensitive to immunotherapy andPARPinhibitors; (vi) GINS6, (metabolic, 5%∼8%), accumulated fatty acids, enterocyte-like, andBMPactivity. Overall, the novel high-resolution taxonomy derived from an interactome perspective could facilitate more effective management of CRC patients.
EFFORT TO ACHIEVE QUALITY JOB THROUGH INCREASING NURSE PERFORMANCE MOTIVATION
Authors: Masfi Achmad , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe era of globalization is a challenge for health companies to keep abreast of trends and issues in the health sector. The challenges of health companies are not only external factors, Human Resources is one of the challenges that must be solved by health companies, especially the motivation of nurses.MethodThe method in this research is Literature Review. The purpose of this research is to improve company performance through employee motivation. The search method uses the Prisma 2020 chart, the literature search for the authenticity of this research is carried out with a literature review using the keywords “Performance Motivation” AND “Quality Jobs”“ from 2020 to 2022. The search results obtained 8,430 articles but only 25 articles that match the criteria study. Articles obtained from Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and PubMed, google scholarFindingsThe results of 15 journal articles related to Performance Motivation, show that motivation affects employee performance, both motivation as an independent variable, dependent variable or intermediary variable, all show that there is a very strong relationship between motivation and employee performance in general. Based on previous research, there is a positive and significant influence between work motivation and employee performanceConclusionBased on the results of the Literature Review, it was found that there is a positive and strong relationship between Performance Motivation and Work Quality. As an effort to improve the quality of work, it is necessary to meet the variables that affect work motivation such as psychological motivation, safety motivation, social motivation, reward motivation, and actualization motivation, leadership, etc.
Molecular Simulations and NMR Reveal How Lipid Fluctuations Affect Membrane Mechanics
Authors: Doktorova Milka , Khelashvili George , Ashkar Rana , Brown Michael F. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTLipid bilayers form the main matrix of functional cell membranes, and their dynamics underlie a host of physical and biological processes. Here we show that elastic membrane properties and collective molecular dynamics are related by the mean-square amplitudes (order parameters) and relaxation rates (correlation times) of lipid acyl chain motions. We performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of liquid-crystalline bilayers to further interpret available NMR data. Our analysis entailed development of a theoretical framework that allows direct comparison of carbon-hydrogen (CH) bond relaxations as measured by simulations and NMR experiments. The new formalism enables validation of lipid force fields against NMR data by including a fixed bilayer normal (director axis) and restricted anisotropic motion of the CH bonds described by their segmental order parameters. The simulated spectral density of thermally excited CH bond fluctuations exhibited well-defined spin-lattice (Zeeman) relaxations analogous to those measured by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Their frequency signature could be fit to a simple power-law function, indicative of collective dynamics of a nematic-like nature. The calculated spin-lattice relaxation rates scaled as the squared order parameters of the lipid acyl chains yielding an apparent bending modulus κC of the bilayer. Our results show a strong correlation with κC values obtained from solid-state NMR studies of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) bilayers with varying amounts of cholesterol as further validated by neutron spin-echo measurements of membrane elasticity. The simulations uncover a critical role of interleaflet coupling in membrane mechanics and thus provide insights into the molecular sites of emerging elastic properties within lipid bilayers.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEThe lipid make-up of a bilayer determines its measurable properties but how the motions of individual molecules combine to produce these properties remains unclear. By exploiting the synergy between NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show that the lipid dynamics in a bilayer are collective yet segmental in nature and contribute directly to bilayer elasticity. Comparison between MD simulations and NMR entails an improved theoretical framework that allows the two techniques to be directly related. This study thus provides novel insights into the inner workings of lipid membranes while delivering a new tool for validating computational approaches against experimental data.