bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric competition for seeds between two sympatric food hoarding rodents: implications for coexistence
Authors: MENG Xin , HUANG Guangchuan , WANG Zhiyong , NIU Hongyu , ZHANG Hongmao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAsymmetric competition occurs when some species have distinct advantages over their competitors and is common in animals with overlapping habitats and diet. However, the mechanism allowing coexistence between asymmetric competitors is not fully clear. Chinese white‐bellied rats (Niviventer confucianus, CWR) and Korean field mice (Apodemus peninsulae, KFM) are common asymmetric competitors in shrublands and forests west of Beijing city. They share similar diet (e.g. plant seeds) and activity (nocturnal), but differ in body size (CWR are bigger than KFM), food hoarding habit (CWR: mainly larder hoarding; KFM: both larder and scatter hoarding), and ability to protect cached food (CWR are more aggressive than KFM). Here, we tested seed competition in 15 CWR–KFM pairs over a 10‐day period under semi‐natural enclosure conditions to uncover the differences in food hoarding, cache pilferage, and food protection between the 2 rodents, and discuss the implication for coexistence. Prior to pilferage, CWR harvested and ate more seeds than KFM. CWR tended to larder hoard seeds, whereas KFM preferred to scatter hoard seeds. Following pilferage, CWR increased consumption, decreased intensity of hoarding, and pilfered more caches from KFM than they lost, while KFM increased consumption more than they hoarded, and they preferred to hoard seeds in low and medium competition areas. Accordingly, both of the 2 rodent species increased their total energy consumption and hoarding following pilferage. Both rodent species tended to harvest seeds from the source, rather than pilfer caches from each other to compensate for cache loss via pilferage. Compared to CWR, KFM consumed fewer seeds when considering seed number, but hoarded more seeds when considering the seeds’ relative energy (energy of hoarded seeds/rodent body mass2/3) at the end of the trials. These results suggest that asymmetric competition for food exists between CWR and KFM, but differentiation in hoarding behavior could help the subordinate species (i.e. KFM) hoard more energy than the dominant species (i.e. CWR), and may contribute to their coexistence in the field.
Investigation of sorption isotherms of wheat germ for its effect on lipid oxidation
Authors: Koç Andaç , Erbaş Mustafa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to investigate the oxidation and sorption isotherm properties of wheat germ and to determine monolayer moisture content (m0) in particular, because it has a limiting effect on lipid oxidation. This research comprised two stages. The first stage was the determination of sorption properties and m0 at three temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C). The second stage of the research was to investigate lipid oxidation properties of stored wheat germ at two different temperatures (4 and 25°C) and m0 for 28 days. As a result, it was determined that wheat germ has a Type II sorption isotherm, Halsey is the best fitting sorption equation, and the average m0 is 4.25 g moisture per 100 g dry matter. Furthermore, the free fatty acid and peroxide value of wheat germ oil increased with increasing storage moisture content and temperature, determined as 12.63% and 5.01 mEqO2/kg on average, respectively. In conclusion, storage of impermeably packaged wheat germ at low temperature and m0 content is an applicable method for decreasing rancidity and prolonging shelf‐life.
bdc: A toolkit for standardizing, integrating and cleaning biodiversity data
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno R. , Velazco Santiago José Elías , Guidoni‐Martins Karlo , Tessarolo Geiziane , Jardim Lucas , Bachman Steven P. , Loyola Rafael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe increase in online and openly accessible biodiversity databases provides a vast and invaluable resource to support research and policy. However, without scrutiny, errors in primary species occurrence data can lead to erroneous results and misleading information.Here, we introduce the Biodiversity Data Cleaning (bdc), an R package to address quality issues and improve the fitness‐for‐use of biodiversity datasets. Thebdcpackage brings together several aspects of biodiversity data cleaning in one place. It is organized in thematic modules related to different biodiversity dimensions, including (a) Merge datasets: standardization and integration of different datasets; (b) Pre‐filter: flagging and removal of invalid or non‐interpretable information, followed by data amendments; (c) Taxonomy: cleaning, parsing and harmonization of scientific names from several taxonomic groups against taxonomic databases locally stored through the application of exact and partial matching algorithms; (d) Space: flagging of erroneous, suspect and low‐precision geographic coordinates; and (e) Time: flagging and, whenever possible, correction of inconsistent collection date. In addition, the package contains features to visualize, document and report data quality—which is essential for making data quality assessment transparent and reproducible. The modules illustrated, and functions within, were linked to form a proposed reproducible workflow that can also integrate functions from other R packages.We demonstrated thebdcpackage's applicability in cleaning more than 30 million occurrence records for terrestrial plant species in Brazil. We found that around one‐fifth of the original datasets hold the standard quality requirements.Compared to other available R packages, the main strengths of thebdcpackage are that it brings together available tools—and a series of new ones—to assess the quality of different dimensions of biodiversity data into a single and flexible toolkit. The functions can be applied to many taxonomic groups, datasets (including regional or local repositories), countries, or world‐wide. We hope thebdcpackage can facilitate the data cleaning process and catalyse improvements to allow the wise and efficient use of primary biodiversity data.
Optimizing antimicrobial use by improving medication adherence among pig producers
Authors: Toya Ryohei , Sasaki Yosuke , Uemura Ryoko , Sueyoshi Masuo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Japan, many pig producers buy antimicrobials using veterinarians' prescriptions. Even if veterinarians prescribe antimicrobials for treatments and metaphylaxis, producers may be using them for prophylaxis on farms with a high incidence of chronic diseases. To reduce the frequency of antimicrobial use, we applied the concept of medication adherence and launched an intervention in eight farrow‐to‐finish farms. For the intervention farms, we attempted to implement measures for preventing the repeated onset of chronic infections that interfered with adherence, confirmed the need to continue medications, and discontinued medications if possible. For each farm, these interventions began at different time points after 2017 and continued until 2020. We evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention based on the amount of active ingredients/population correction unit and the total number of defined daily doses for the weight group/slaughter pig. The ratio of antimicrobial use for both indicators in the year 2020 compared with the start of the intervention decreased on all farms. Among the eight non‐intervention farms, six showed an increase in both indicators. These results suggest that interventions for chronic diseases administered by producers and veterinarians lead to high adherence to prescriptions and responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials on pig farms.
Visual Analytics of Multivariate Intensive Care Time Series Data
Authors: Brich N. , Schulz C. , Peter J. , Klingert W. , Schenk M. , Weiskopf D. , Krone M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present an approach for visual analysis of high‐dimensional measurement data with varying sampling rates as routinely recorded in intensive care units. In intensive care, most assessments not only depend on one single measurement but a plethora of mixed measurements over time. Even for trained experts, efficient and accurate analysis of such multivariate data remains a challenging task. We present a linked‐view post hoc visual analytics application that reduces data complexity by combining projection‐based time curves for overview with small multiples for details on demand. Our approach supports not only the analysis of individual patients but also of ensembles by adapting existing techniques using non‐parametric statistics. We evaluated the effectiveness and acceptance of our approach through expert feedback with domain scientists from the surgical department using real‐world data: a post‐surgery study performed on a porcine surrogate model to identify parameters suitable for diagnosing and prognosticating the volume state, and clinical data from a public database. The results show that our approach allows for detailed analysis of changes in patient state while also summarizing the temporal development of the overall condition.
Contact sensitization to essential oils: IVDK data of the years 2010–2019
Authors: Geier Johannes , Schubert Steffen , Reich Kristian , Skudlik Christoph , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Brehler Randolf , Weisshaar Elke , Uter Wolfgang ,   for the IVDK
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEssential oils (EOs) are widely used in cosmetics, perfumes, massage fluids, aroma therapy and natural medicine. Some EOs contain contact sensitizers.ObjectivesTo describe the frequency of sensitization to EOs in dermatitis patients presenting in skin clinics including concomitant reactions, to evaluate the EO patch test preparations and to identify patient groups with an increased risk of EO sensitization.Patients and methodsRetrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2010–2019.ResultsTwelve EOs were patch tested in an aimed manner in 10 930 patients, of whom 908 (8.3%) reacted to at least 1 EO. Only 6 EOs elicited more than 1% positive patch test reactions: ylang ylang (I + II) oil (3.9%), lemongrass oil (2.6%), jasmine absolute (1.8%), sandalwood oil (1.8%), clove oil (1.6%) and neroli oil (1.1%). Concomitant reactions among EOs or to EOs and fragrances were frequent. Among EO‐positive patients, women, leg dermatitis patients, patients aged 40 years or more, masseurs and cosmeticians were over‐represented.ConclusionsSensitization to EOs occurs, albeit infrequently in most cases. Masseurs and cosmeticians have an increased risk of sensitization to EOs.
Tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil in elderly kidney transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Witek Stephanie , Malat Gregory , Sawinski Deirdre , Sammons Chelsea , LaFratte Christopher , Forte Abigail , Samudralwar Rahul , Lyle Sandra , Rashid Jamal , Trofe‐Clark Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundOptimal immunosuppression in elderly kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is not well defined, with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) being poorly tolerated. Study aim was to compare MMF dose reduction incidence and reason(s) in elderly vs. nonelderly KTRs in the 1st year after transplant with a protocol dose of 1 g/day.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective study, first or repeat KTRs receiving rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG), MMF 1 g/day, tacrolimus, and prednisone, were stratified by age [≥60 (elderly) or <60 years (nonelderly)]. Primary outcome was MMF dose reduction incidence in the first year. Secondary outcomes included dose reduction rationale, 1‐year patient and graft survival, graft function, rejection, infection, hospital presentation, and time to dose reduction. Of 335 KTRs, dose reduction incidence was significantly greater in the elderly group (66% and 54%, p = 0.04), though this did not remain significant when adjusted for sex, race, and valganciclovir use. Most common rationale was leukopenia in the elderly group and CMV in the nonelderly group. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes.ConclusionsMycophenolate mofetil 1 g/day was poorly tolerated in both elderly and nonelderly KTRs receiving lymphocyte‐depleting induction with a high incidence of dose reductions; however, no short‐term adverse graft outcomes were identified.
Association between RAC1 gene variation, redox homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Azarova Iuliia , Klyosova Elena , Polonikov Alexey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the relationship between genes encoding a multi‐subunit ROS‐generated enzyme NADPH oxidase and disease susceptibility remains unexplored.AimsThe present pilot study investigated whether single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the RAC1 gene (Rac family small GTPase 1), a molecular switcher of NADPH oxidase, are associated with the risk of T2D, glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis.Materials & MethodsDNA samples from 3206 unrelated Russian subjects (1579 T2D patients and 1627 controls) were genotyped for six common SNPs rs4724800, rs7784465, rs10951982, rs10238136, rs836478 and rs9374 of RAC1 using the MassArray‐4 system.ResultsSNP rs7784465 was associated with an increased risk of T2D (p = .0003), and significant differences in the RAC1 haplotypes occurred between the cases and controls (p = .005). Seventeen combinations of RAC1 genotypes showed significant associations with T2D risk (FDR <0.05). Associations of RAC1 polymorphisms with T2D were modified by environmental factors such as sedentary lifestyle, psychological stresses, a dietary deficit of fresh fruits/vegetables and increased carbohydrate intake. RAC1 polymorphisms were associated with biochemical parameters in diabetics: rs7784465 (p = .015) and rs836478 (p = .028) with increased glycated haemoglobin, rs836478 (p = .005) with increased fasting blood glucose, oxidized glutathione (p = .012) and uric acid (p = .034). Haplotype rs4724800A–rs7784465C–rs10951982G–rs10238136A–rs836478C–rs9374G was strongly associated with increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (p < .0001).ConclusionThus, polymorphisms in the RAC1 gene represent novel genetic markers of type 2 diabetes, and their link with glucose metabolism and disease pathogenesis is associated with the changes in redox homeostasis.
Lianas decelerate tropical forest thinning during succession
Authors: Medina‐Vega José A. , van der Heijden Geertje M. F. , Schnitzer Stefan A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe well‐established pattern of forest thinning during succession predicts an increase in mean tree biomass with decreasing tree density. The forest thinning pattern is commonly assumed to be driven solely by tree‐tree competition. The presence of non‐tree competitors could alter thinning trajectories, thus altering the rate of forest succession and carbon uptake. We used a large‐scale liana removal experiment over 7 years in a 60‐ to 70‐year‐old Panamanian forest to test the hypothesis that lianas reduce the rate of forest thinning during succession. We found that lianas slowed forest thinning by reducing tree growth, not by altering tree recruitment or mortality. Without lianas, trees grew and presumably competed more, ultimately reducing tree density while increasing mean tree biomass. Our findings challenge the assumption that forest thinning is driven solely by tree‐tree interactions; instead, they demonstrate that competition from other growth forms, such as lianas, slow forest thinning and ultimately delay forest succession.
Seizure detection with deep neural networks for review of two‐channel electroencephalogram
Authors: Hartmann Manfred , Koren Johannes , Baumgartner Christoph , Duun‐Henriksen Jonas , Gritsch Gerhard , Kluge Tilmann , Perko Hannes , Fürbass Franz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltra‐long‐term electroencephalographic (EEG) registration using minimally invasive low‐channel devices is an emerging technology to assess sporadic seizure events. Highly sensitive automatic seizure detection algorithms are needed for semiautomatic evaluation of these prolonged recordings. We describe the design and validation of a deep neural network for two‐channel seizure detection. The model is trained using EEG recordings from 590 patients in a publicly available seizure database. These recordings are based on the full 10–20 electrode system and include seizure annotations created by reviews of the full set of EEG channels. Validation was performed using 48 scalp EEG recordings from an independent epilepsy center and consensus seizure annotations from three neurologists. For each patient, a three‐electrode subgroup (two channels with a common reference) of the full montage was selected for validation of the two‐channel model. Mean sensitivity across patients of 88.8% and false positive rate across patients of 12.9/day were achieved. The proposed training approach is of great practical relevance, because true recordings from low‐channel devices are currently available only in small numbers, and the generation of gold standard seizure annotations in two EEG channels is often difficult. The study demonstrates that automatic seizure detection based on two‐channel EEG data is feasible and review of ultra‐long‐term recordings can be made efficient and effective.
EfficientUNet: Modified encoder‐decoder architecture for the lung segmentation in chest x‐ray images
Authors: Agrawal Tarun , Choudhary Prakash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChest x‐rays are a widely used medical imaging technique for the early detection of pulmonary diseases. However, the increasing workload and shortage of radiologists have motivated the research community to explore the possibilities in automated diagnosis. Segmentation is the most critical and essential procedure to improve the automatic diagnosis. Irregular lung shape and size with the overlapped lung regions make the identification of lung boundaries difficult. Further, the dense abnormalities often have high‐intensity values that can be interpreted as lung boundaries. UNet is the most popular segmentation architecture among the deep learning community. Despite its high performance, there is scope for improvement. Most of the proposed segmentation models for lung segmentation in chest x‐rays are trained and tested on a same dataset. It is reported that the model trained on one dataset fails when tested on another dataset. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient architecture for accurate lung segmentation in chest x‐rays. The proposed model uses the pre‐trained encoder, and the decoder uses residual learning and batch normalization to improve the performance. The publicly available Shenzhen, Montgomery County, and the NIH datasets are used for the evaluation of the proposed model. It is also validated by cross‐dataset generalization. The proposed model obtained the 96.14% DSC and 92.67% JI value on the Shenzhen dataset, while 98.48% DSC and 97.01% JI value on the MC dataset. For cross‐dataset evaluation, the EfficientUNet reported the DSC value of 95.97% and JI value of 92.34% for the MC dataset. While the DSC value of 94.02% and JI value of 88.86% on the NIH dataset. The obtained results across the different metrics show the efficiency of the proposed model. Unlike, the other state‐of‐the‐art models, the proposed model is evaluated on the lungs that are highly irregular in shape and size due to different pulmonary abnormalities.
Parental acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual children in Taiwan: Towards relationship‐based practice
Authors: Huang Yu‐Te 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo delineate the process and contributors to parental acceptance of their child's lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity.BackgroundResearch has depicted the processes through which parents accept their LGB child. This study extends the scope of inquiries to a non‐Western context and delineates the factors for shifts in parental attitudes.MethodTwelve mothers and four fathers in Taiwan participated in interviews recounting their responses to learning of their child's LGB status. Following grounded theory methodology, we coded and analyzed data using constant comparative analysis.ResultsTwo themes were identified. The first involved parents' initial reactions to their child coming out, which were dominated by emotional unrest and lingering concerns regarding their child's future. The second highlighted the mechanisms of change, including seeking support and knowledge, emotional connections with LGB children, and social and legal changes. The results of this study provide contextualized descriptions of how Taiwanese parents navigate their child's disclosure of their LGB identity.ConclusionContemporary parents need psychosocial support from peers and professionals to understand and accept their LGB child.ImplicationsThis study highlights the importance of a contextual understanding and relationship‐based approach to support parental acceptance of their LGB child.
Effect of hot isostatic pressing on fatigue behavior and fracture mechanism of A319 aluminum alloy under uniaxial and nonproportional multiaxial loading conditions
Authors: Liao Yiping , Liu Xiaoshan , He Guoqiu , Zhou Zhiqiang , Huang Ziao , Pan Jiaqi , Li Jingquan , Wang Qigui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIPing)‐induced porosity difference on the fatigue behavior and fracture mechanism of A319 aluminum alloy under uniaxial and nonproportional multiaxial loading is investigated. Non‐HIPed alloy exhibits weaker nonproportional additional hardening capacity than HIPed alloy, which is ascribed to the nonproportional multiaxial loads that enhance the cyclic softening induced by casting pores. Additional plastic damage caused by nonproportional multiaxial loads is highly susceptible to HIPing. Torsional loads trigger the tension‐compression asymmetry of the axial stress response during nonproportional multiaxial fatigue. Multiaxial fatigue life is more sensitive to HIPing at minor total strain amplitudes. The rapid bridging among adjacent pores serves as the preferred channel for fatigue crack propagation. Nonproportional multiaxial loads improve the probability of encountering pores during fatigue crack initiation and propagation.