bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merit Sticks to Men: Gender Pay Gaps and (In)equality at UK Russell Group Universities
Authors: Woodhams Carol , Trojanowski Grzegorz , Wilkinson Krystal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcademic studies of gender pay gaps within higher education institutions have consistently found pay differences. However, theory on how organisation-level factors contribute to pay gaps is underdeveloped. Using a framework of relational inequalities and advanced quantitative analysis, this paper makes a case that gender pay gaps are based on organisation-level interpretations and associated management practices to reward ‘merit’ that perpetuate inequalities. Payroll data of academic staff within two UK Russell Group universities (N = 1,998 and 1,789) with seeming best-practice formal pay systems are analysed to determine causes of gender pay gaps. We find marked similarities between universities. Most of the variability is attributed to factors of job segregation and human capital, however we also delineate a set of demographic characteristics that, when combined, are highly rewarded without explanation. Based on our analysis of the recognition of ‘merit,’ we extend theoretical explanations of gender pay gap causes to incorporate organisation-level practices.
Can thought experiments solve problems of personal identity?
Authors: Meier Lukas J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGood physical experiments conform to the basic methodological standards of experimental design: they are objective, reliable, and valid. But is this also true of thought experiments? Especially problems of personal identity have engendered hypothetical scenarios that are very distant from the actual world. These imagined situations have been conspicuously ineffective at resolving conflicting intuitions and deciding between the different accounts of personal identity. Using prominent examples from the literature, I argue that this is due to many of these thought experiments not adhering to the methodological standards that guide experimental design in nearly all other disciplines. I also show how empirically unwarranted background assumptions about human physiology render some of the hypothetical scenarios that are employed in the debate about personal identity highly misleading.
Localizations of a Ring at Localizable Sets, their Groups of Units and Saturations
Authors: Bavula V. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe continue to develop the most general theory of one-sided fractions started in Bavula (Localizable sets and the localization of a ring at a localizable set. arXiv:2112.13447). The aim of the paper is to introduce 10 types of saturations of a set in a ring and using them to study localizations of a ring at localizable sets, their groups of units and various maximal localizable sets satisfying some natural conditions. The results are obtained for denominator sets (the classical situation), Ore sets and localizable sets.
Clinical-Pathological Evaluation and Prognostic Analysis of 228 Merkel Cell Carcinomas Focusing on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, MCPYV Infection and ALK Expression
Authors: Santoro Federica , Maletta Francesca , Parente Renato , Fissore Jessica , Tampieri Cristian , Santoro Leonardo , Birocco Nadia , Picciotto Franco , Quaglino Pietro , Volante Marco , Asioli Sofia , Senetta Rebecca , Papotti Mauro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, whose pathogenesis can be traced back to UV radiation damage or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection. Despite some improvements on the characterization of the disease partly due to its increased incidence, crucial pathogenetic and prognostic factors still need to be refined. A consecutive series of 228 MCC from three hospitals in Turin was collected with the aim of both analyzing the apparent increase in MCC incidence in our area and investigating the distribution and prognostic role of clinical-pathological parameters, with a focus on MCPyV status, ALK tumor expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Review of morphology and conventional immunohistochemical staining was possible in 191 cases. In 50 cases, the expression of the novel neuroendocrine marker INSM1 was additionally assessed. Fourteen cases of MCC of unknown primary skin lesion were identified and separately analyzed. While confirming an exponential trend in MCC incidence in the last decades and providing a description of histological and cytological features of a large series of MCC, the present study concludes that 1) INSM1 is a highly sensitive marker in both skin and lymph node primary MCC; 2) positive MCPyV status, brisk TILs and lower tumor size and thickness are independent positive prognostic parameters, and the combination of the former two may provide a novel tool for prognostic stratification; 3) ALK is expressed 87% of MCC and associated with positive viral status, and could represent a prognostic biomarker, if validated in larger series.
Sozialarbeit und Justiz im Schnittfeld von Jugendkriminalität
Authors: Schweitzer Helmuth , Weber Sascha 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungGrundsätzlich fehlt eine Landkarte des Interaktionsfeldes von Sozialer Arbeit und Rechtspflege/Sicherheitsorganen, die sowohl die persönlichen Interaktionen als auch die Kommunikation der Organisationen insgesamt verständlich macht. Als Einführung in den Themenschwerpunkt beleuchtet der Beitrag Ebenen, Berührungspunkte und Grenzen dieser Akteure der Sicherung zentraler gesellschaftlich ausgehandelter Normalisierungskonstruktionen und -prozesse in einem demokratischen Rechts – und Wohlfahrtsstaat bezogen auf die Schwierigkeiten einer koordinierten Umsetzung des Erziehungsgedankens im Jugendgerichtsverfahren.
A similarity-guided segmentation model for garbage detection under road scene
Authors: Zheng Caiyun , Cao Danhua , Hu Cheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of computer vision technology provides a possible path for realizing intelligent control of road sweepers to reduce energy waste in urban street cleaning work. For garbage segmentation of seven categories under road scene, we introduce an efficient deep-learning-based method. Our model follows a lightweight structure with a feature pyramid attention (FPA) module employed in the decoder to enhance feature integration at multi-levels. Besides, a similarity guidance (SG) module is added to the decoder branches, which calculates the cosine distance between learned prototypes and feature maps to guide the segmentation results from a metric learning perspective. Our model has less than 3 M parameters and can run at over 65 FPS in an RTX 2070 GPU. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can yield competitive results in terms of speed and accuracy trade-off, with overall mean intersection-over-union (mIoU) reaching 0.87 and 0.67, respectively, on two garbage data sets we built. Besides, our model can perform acceptable category-balanced segmentation from less than 20 annotated images per category by introducing the SG module.
Graphical Abstract
Significant Occurrences of REE in Tertiary Sequence of East Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India
Authors: Umrao Ravi Kumar , Sardar Subrata Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Considering the importance of REE resources, that are used in several high-technology areas, the present study aims to assess the potentiality of REE in the sedimentary sequence of Shella and Kopili formations (350m and 60m respectively) in East Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya. A well-developed sedimentary sequence of Shella and Kopili formations of Jaintia Group, middle to upper Eocene age, are exposed in Jaintia Hills. The semi-quantitative (SEM-EDX) analysis of black shale and carbonaceous shale indicate the presence of monazite and xenotime phases. The REE+Y concentration ranges from 77.1 to 1168.7 ppm (avg. 295 ppm). The LREEs (La-Eu) ranges from 55 to 782 ppm (avg. 211.3 ppm), whereas HREEs (Gd-Lu+Y) ranges from 18.8 to 385.9 ppm (avg. 83.7 ppm). Nd ranges from 15.8 to 229.3 ppm (avg. 66.1 ppm). The REE+Y concentration in black shale yields 1168.7 ppm. Further, REE in two coal samples yields 111.6 and 63.2 ppm. REE shows a strong positive correlation with Zr, Y, U and Th, weak positive correlation with V and weak negative correlation with Sc. The REE concentrations in coal samples are relatively higher than previously reported REE concentrations and are comparable with worldwide average values of REE. The REE concentrations in black shale and coal are significant for further exploration.
Style of Fractional Crystallization in Basalts from the Paleoarchean Western Iron Ore Group of Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India: Implications from One Atmosphere Experimental Studies
Authors: Mahapatra Rasmi Ranjan , Mukherjee Priyanka , Paul Madhuparna , Chakraborti Subrata , Ray Jyotisankar , Ganguly Sohini , Koeberl Christian , Manikyamba C. , Sarkar Sonia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One atmosphere experimental study on fresh basaltic rocks of Paleoarchean western Iron Ore Group (IOG) basin of Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India gives insight of the crystallization behavior of the parent magma, liquid lines of descent and appearance of the different constituent phases. The natural starting material is sufficiently ferroan (FeOt: 14.28 wt%) and corresponds to ‘ferro-basalt’. Regarding the experimental run products, clinopyroxene shows Al2O3 rich character (ranging from 2.23 – 6.94 wt%; formed due to fluctuating silica activities in the magma) while plagioclase reveals typical Fe-Mg enrichment (that corresponds to higher KdFe-Mg between plagioclase and the parent liquid caused due to immiscible silicate melt inclusion in plagioclase where Mg enters more readily in plagioclase than Fe). The run-product glass corresponds to both high and low iron contents suggesting liquid immiscibility in the parent magma at particular temperature-domains. This study suggests that the crystallization of the western Iron Ore Group basalts represents a broad ‘Skaergaard analogue’ involving depression/shift of eutectic point in the diopside-anorthite system during crystallization.
REE–HFSE–rich, Titanite-bearing Syenite - Pyroxenite Intrusive Suite from the Chilka Lake Domain of the Northeastern Eastern Ghats Belt
Authors: Bhattacharjee Mousumi , Tripathy Asutosh Kumar , Nanda Jayanta Kumar , Sreenivas R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A suite of REE - HFSE - rich syenite and associated clinopyroxenite hosted in charnockitic orthogneisses of the northeastern part of the Eastern Ghats province, south of the Mahanadi shear zone has been recorded for the first time. The mode of emplacement, petrography, mineralogy, chemistry and economic significance in terms of the REE and HFS elements of this magmatic suite of intrusive rocks are presented and discussed.
The coarse grained syenite, composed mainly of Ba-bearing (with up to 8 wt% BaO) K-feldspar (hyalophane), and accessory greenish clinopyroxene is the main rock type of this magmatic unit. Associated segregations of clinopyroxene cumulates has formed a greenish grey coarse-grained pyroxenite. Sporadic concentration of sphene (titanite) in irregular patches in the syenite is also observed which displays high radioactivity. Sphene along with allanite, thorite, monazite and other REE bearing phases are characterized by high abundance of total-REE and HFSE. The syenite and pyroxenite do not exhibit features of discernible post-emplacement deformation and metamorphism and may represent a late-tectonic event of ferroan-felsic magmatism in the Chilka lake domain of the northeastern Eastern Ghats belt.
Vulnerability Assessment of Groundwater in Industrialized Tiruppur Area of South India using GIS-based DRASTIC model
Authors: Sivakumar Vivek , Sashik kumar M.C. , Natarajan Logesh , Roy Priyadarsi D. , Chokkalingam Lakshumanan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Identification of groundwater vulnerability is important in the utilization and protection of groundwater resources. The present study assessed vulnerability of the Tiruppur taluk of Tamil Nadu state in south India where the groundwater is increasingly polluted from industrialization (textile) and over population. Mitigation of this threat demanded a careful water resource management and thorough groundwater susceptibility assessment with the help of vulnerability map in DRASTIC index model and weighted overlay analysis method in GIS from the evaluation of depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity. The drastic index map of this study classified the area into very low, low, medium, high and very high vulnerability and demarcated the areas of Mangalam, Mudalipalaiyam, Veerapandi, Peruntoluvu, Kettanur and Avanashipalaiyam as high and very highly vulnerable. Sensitivity analysis showed very low index for depth to water table (68 %), net recharge (79 %) and impact of vadose zone (75 %), indicating their higher influence on vulnerability. This vulnerability map might serve as a starting point for improving the management and planning of groundwater in this area.
Tribological performance of iron- and nickel-base self-lubricating claddings containing metal sulfides at high temperature
Authors: Torres Hector , Caykara Tugce , Hardell Jens , Nurminen Janne , Prakash Braham , Rodríguez Ripoll Manel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIron-based coatings with the incorporation of solid lubricants have been prepared by means of laser cladding, in an effort to control friction and decrease tool wear at high temperatures during metal forming applications. The choice of a Fe-based powder has been considered advantageous, as it can lead to decreased costs compared to nickel-based claddings previously studied by the authors, in addition to having a lower environmental impact. In particular, the incorporation of transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 as precursors leads to the encapsulation of silver in Fe-based self-lubricating claddings, resulting in a uniform distribution of the soft metal across the thickness of the coating. Subsequent tribological evaluation of the claddings at high temperatures shows that the addition of lubricious compounds leads to lower friction at room temperature and significantly decreased wear up to 600 °C compared to the unmodified iron-based reference alloy, although higher than similar self-lubricating Ni-based claddings. In order to cast light into these observed differences, the corresponding microstructures, phase composition, and self-lubricating mechanisms have been studied and compared for Fe- and Ni-based claddings having both of them the addition of silver and MoS2. The results suggest a key role of the formation of protective tribolayers on the counter body during high temperature sliding contact. Additional simulation of the phase evolution during solidification reveals that the formation of different chromium- and nickel-based metal sulfides in Fe- and Ni-claddings during laser cladding by the decomposition of MoS2 plays a key role in determining their tribological behaviour at high temperatures.
Spatial Pattern and Land Surface Features Associated with Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Dewan Ashraf , Islam K. M. Ashraful , Fariha Tanzim Rahman , Murshed Md Mahbub , Ishtiaque Asif , Adnan Mohammed Sarfaraz Gani , Kabir Zobaidul , Chowdhury Mohammad Barad Hossain 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSevere weather events such as lightning appear to be a significant threat to humans and property in South Asia, an area known for intense convective activity directly related to the tropical climate of these areas. The current study was conducted in Bangladesh and examined the association between cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and ground surface properties, with the aim of improving existing knowledge regarding this phenomenon. GLD360 data from 2015 to 2020 were used to describe the seasonal lightning climatology. Elevation, land use and land cover, vegetation and surface heat flux data were used to examine all land surface features possibly associated with CG lightning occurrence. Hot and cold spot spatial patterning was calculated using local indicators of spatial association. Results indicated a strong CG lightning seasonality. CG stroke density varied considerably across seasons with the pre-monsoon exhibiting the highest density. This was followed by occurrences in the monsoon season. The March–June period experienced 73% of the total observed. Elevation appeared to influence the post-monsoon CG stroke, however, its role in the other seasons was more difficult to define. The land cover/lightning index indicated that waterbodies and herbaceous wetlands had more influence than other land cover types, both during the day and at night, and it appeared that latent heat flux played a major role. The CG stroke hot and cold spot locations varied diurnally. The findings suggest that large-scale irrigation practices, especially during the pre-monsoon months, can influence the observed spatiotemporal pattern. The production of hotspot maps could be an initial step in the development of a reliable lightning monitoring system and play a part in increasing public awareness of this issue.
Implementation Drivers as Practical Measures of Data-Driven Decision-Making: An Initial Validation Study in Early Childhood Programs
Authors: Barton Jared L. , Akin Becci A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeveraging data to demonstrate program effectiveness, inform decision making, and support program implementation is an ongoing need for social and human service organizations, and is especially true in early childhood service settings. Unfortunately, early childhood service organizations often lack capacity and processes for harnessing data to these ends. While existing literature suggests the Active Implementation Drivers Framework (AIF Drivers) provides a theoretical basis for data-driven decision-making (DDDM), there are no practical applications or measurement tools which support an understanding of readiness or capacity for DDDM in early childhood settings. This study sought to address this gap through the development and initial validation of the Data-Driven Decision-Making Questionnaire (DDDM-Q) based on the nine core factors in the AIF Drivers. The study piloted the 54-item questionnaire with 173 early childhood program administrators. Findings from this study suggest using the AIF Drivers as a theoretical basis for examining DDDM supports three of five categories of validity evidence proposed by Goodwin (2002), including (1) evidence based on test content, (2) evidence based on internal structure, and (3) evidence based on relationships to other variables. This study may inform future research seeking to develop theoretically based instruments, particularly as it pertains to expanding use of the AIF Drivers. Practice-wise, the study findings could enhance and complement early childhood programs as well as other social and humans service implementations by presenting the DDDM-Q as a platform for understanding organizational readiness for DDDM and identifying strengths as well as areas for improvement.
Estimation of longitudinal aerodynamic parameters using recurrent neural network
Authors: Verma H. O. , Peyada N. K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aerodynamic modelling is one of the challenging tasks that is generally established using the results of the computational fluid dynamic software and wind tunnel analysis performed either on the scaled model or the prototype. In order to improve the confidence of the estimates, the conventional parameter estimation methods such as equation error method (EEM) and output error method (OEM) are more often applied to extract the aircraft’s stability and control derivatives from its respective flight test data. The quality of the estimates gets influenced due to the presence of the measurement and process noises in the flight test data. With the advancement in the machine learning algorithms, the data driven methods have got more attention in the modelling of a system based on the input-output measurements and also, in the identification of the system/model parameters. The research article investigates the longitudinal stability and control derivatives of the aerodynamic models by using an integrated optimisation algorithm based on a recurrent neural network. The flight test data of Hansa-3 and HFB 320 aircraft were used as case studies to see the efficacy of the parameter estimation algorithm and further, the confidence of the estimates were demonstrated in terms of the standard deviations. Finally, the simulated variables obtained using the estimates demonstrate a qualitative estimation in the presence of the noise.
Adaptive capacity and preparedness of Clinical and Translational Science Award Program hubs: Overview of an environmental scan
Authors: Volkov Boris B. , Ragon Bart , Doyle Jamie Mihoko , Bredella Miriam A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The ability of research networks and individual institutions to effectively and efficiently prepare, respond, and adapt to emergent challenges is essential for the biomedical research enterprise. At the beginning of 2021, a special Working Group was formed by individuals in the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) consortium and approved by the CTSA Steering Committee to explore “Adaptive Capacity and Preparedness (AC&P) of CTSA Hubs.” The AC&P Working Group took a pragmatic Environmental Scan (E-Scan) approach of utilizing the diverse data that had been collected through existing mechanisms. The Local Adaptive Capacity framework was adapted to illustrate the interconnectedness of CTSA programs and services, while exposing how the demands of the pandemic forced them to quickly pivot and adapt. This paper presents a synopsis of the themes and lessons learned that emerged from individual sections of the E-Scan. Lessons learned from this study may improve our understanding of adaptive capacity and preparedness at different levels, as well as help strengthen the core service models, strategies, and foster innovation in clinical and translational science research.
Limited Utility of Self-made Oxygen Generators Assembled From Everyday Commodities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Limper Ulrich , Klaas Lena , Köhler Markus , Lichte Daniel , Maldonado Samaniego Nelson J , Suarez Jose I , Jordan Jens , Hoffschmidt Bernhard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated pre-existing oxygen supply gaps all over the world. In fact, oxygen shortages occurred in affluent areas with highly developed healthcare systems. The state-of-affairs created much suffering and resulted in potentially preventable deaths. Meanwhile, several international activities have been initiated to improve oxygen availability in the long-term by creating new networks of oxygen plants and supply channels. However, disasters such as the current pandemic may require rapid, autarkic oxygen production. Therefore, we determined whether oxygen resilience could conceivably be improved through self-made oxygen generators using material that is easily available even in remote areas. The team comprised engineers and physicians with hands-on experience in low- and middle-income countries. We constructed and tested self-made setups for water hydrolysis and membrane-based oxygen purification. We must conclude, however, that the massive amounts of oxygen patients with COVID-19 require cannot be reasonably met with such simple measures, which would require high efforts and hold potential risks.