bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation profile in CpG-depleted regions uncovers a high-risk subtype of early-stage colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Huichuan , Wang Xiaolin , Bai Liangliang , Tang Guannan , Carter Kelly T , Cui Ji , Huang Pinzhu , Liang Li , Ding Yanqing , Cai Muyan , Huang Meijin , Liu Huanliang , Cao Guangwen , Gallinger Steven , Pai Rish K , Buchanan Daniel D , Win Aung Ko , Newcomb Polly A , Wang Jianping , Grady William M , Luo Yanxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe current risk stratification system defined by clinicopathological features does not identify the risk of recurrence in early-stage (stage I-II) colorectal cancer (CRC) with sufficient accuracy. We aimed to investigate whether DNA methylation could serve as a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis in early-stage CRC patients.MethodsWe analyzed the genome-wide methylation status of CpG loci using Infinium MethylationEPIC array run on primary tumor tissues and normal mucosa of early-stage CRC patients to identify potential methylation markers for prognosis. The machine-learning approach was applied to construct a DNA methylation–based prognostic classifier for early-stage CRC (MePEC) using the 4 gene methylation markers FAT3, KAZN, TLE4, and DUSP3. The prognostic value of the classifier was evaluated in 2 independent cohorts (n = 438 and 359, respectively).ResultsThe comprehensive analysis identified an epigenetic subtype with high risk of recurrence based on a group of CpG loci in the CpG-depleted region. In multivariable analysis, the MePEC classifier was independently and statistically significantly associated with time to recurrence in validation cohort 1 (hazard ratio = 2.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.47 to 3.76, P &lt; .001) and cohort 2 (hazard ratio = 3.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.92 to 5.33, P &lt; .001). All results were further confirmed after each cohort was stratified by clinicopathological variables and molecular subtypes.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the prognostic statistical significance of a DNA methylation profile in the CpG-depleted region, which may serve as a valuable source for tumor biomarkers. MePEC could identify an epigenetic subtype with high risk of recurrence and improve the prognostic accuracy of current clinical variables in early-stage CRC.
The Unequal Distribution of Consequences of Contracting Out: Female, Low-skilled, and Young Workers Pay the Highest Price
Authors: Egede Hansen Gustav , Bel Germà , Helby Petersen Ole 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While the public and private labor markets are marked by significant differences in the institutions of wage formation, very few studies have examined workers’ wages and employment in the public and private sectors when solving the same tasks. Focusing on government contracting out, we examine the changes in work income, employment, and government income benefits when public workers are transferred from a public to a private employer due to contracting out. Drawing on theories on wage gaps between the public and private sectors and the property rights literature, we develop novel hypotheses about how individual characteristics of workers moderate the impact of contracting out on workers. Using high-quality individual-level Danish register data, we establish a worker treatment group who experienced contracting out and match them with a similar group of public workers who did not. Difference-in-difference estimation with coarsened exact matching suggests that workers overall experience a significant decline in work income and employment, albeit with major intergroup differences across gender, skills, and age. Our sub-group findings show that female, low-skilled, and younger workers pay the highest price for government contracting out, both in terms of salaries and employment. We discuss how economic theories of public‒private gaps in wage setting can be combined with public administration theories of contract design and monitoring to develop improved—and possibly more equitable—conditions for workers when governments contract out.
Multiple gallstones causing ileus twenty years after cholecystectomy
Authors: Petrillo Peter , Green Donald , Haag Susan , Kepros John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gallstone ileus is an important form of small bowel obstruction that occurs in less than 0.5% of patients who present with obstruction. A biliary enteric fistula that evolves in the setting of chronic cholecystitis may allow the passage of a large gallstone into the gastrointestinal tract distal to the common duct. A single stone that is sufficient in size (at least 2–2.5 cm diameter) may then create a mechanical obstruction, most often at the ileocecal valve or the terminal ileum where the intestinal lumen narrows, and where peristalsis is less robust. We present an unusual case of gallstone ileus in a patient whose obstruction was caused by not one, but seven individual gallstones, collectively restricted in the jejunum at the point of a previous anastomosis and occurring twenty years after cholecystectomy.
Decoding liver fibrogenesis with single-cell technologies
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Kiran Musunuru , Lui Kathy O , Ding Qiurong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiver fibrogenesis is a highly dynamic and complex process that drives the progression of chronic liver disease toward liver failure and end-stage liver diseases. Despite decades of intense studies, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver fibrogenesis remain elusive, and no approved therapies to treat liver fibrosis are currently available. The rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies allows the characterization of cellular alterations under healthy and diseased conditions at an unprecedented resolution. In this Review, we discuss how the scRNA-seq studies are transforming our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of liver fibrosis. We specifically emphasize discoveries on disease-relevant cell subpopulations, molecular events, and cell interactions on cell types including hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and macrophages. These discoveries have uncovered critical pathophysiological changes during liver fibrogenesis. Further efforts are urged to fully understand the functional contributions of these changes to liver fibrogenesis, and to translate the new knowledge into effective therapeutic approaches.
Optical variability of the very radio-loud narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy, 1H 0323+342
Authors: Turner Clay S , Miller Hugh R , Maune Jeremy D , Eggen Joseph R 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
1H 0323+342 is optically one of the nearest and brightest very radio-loud narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies (vRL NLSy1). It is also one of the first vRL NLSy1s detected at gamma-ray energies by the Fermi-LAT. We report the results of monitoring the optical flux of 1H 0323+342 during more than six and a half years. In some cases, we, for the first time, simultaneously use two telescopes to monitor the optical flux of 1H 0323+342 on time-scales ranging from minutes to hours, demonstrating the reality of low amplitude microvariability whole events with durations of a few hours for this object. Based on the present results, as well as those of earlier studies, we suggest that this represents a fundamental time-scale associated with the underlying source region We also present an enhancement of Howell’s comparison star method for detecting microvariability.
Phase-dependent cyclotron line feature in XTE J1946 + 274: a NuSTAR view
Authors: Devaraj Ashwin , Paul Biswajit 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the results from a timing and spectral analysis of the Be/X-ray binary, XTE J1946 + 274 which underwent a Type II outburst in June 2018 and was observed with NuSTAR at a flux of ∼2.8 × 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1. The spectrum was described well with HighEC, NPEX, FDcut, and the CompTT models for the continuum. A cyclotron line is detected at ∼37.7 keV independent of the choice of the continuum model, confirming the previous detections. The pulse profile shows strong energy dependence with a double-peaked structure at low energies while evolving into a single-peaked structure at higher energies. Though the cyclotron line is detected in the phase-average spectra, from the phase-resolved analysis we find that it is unambiguously detected in only ∼50 per cent of the phases, where the second pulse peak disappears. In the remaining pulse phase, we find marginal evidence for the presence of a weak line at 36.5 keV. The cyclotron line centroid remains fairly constant with phase in the second peak but a significant variation of the Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature's depth with the pulse phase is evident. We compile the results from the previously published literature on this source and find that XTE J1946 + 274 has been observed over the flux range of ∼0.4–7.3 × 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1. Although there is no clear variation between the cyclotron line energy with luminosity, it is among a handful of the sources that have been observed over such a wide range of fluxes and may contain, within this range, the critical luminosity.
Robust parameter estimation from pulsar timing data
Authors: Samajdar A , Shaifullah G M , Sesana A , Antoniadis J , Burgay M , Chen S , Cognard I , Guillemot L , Kramer M , McKee J W , Mickaliger M B , Theureau G , Van der Wateren E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTRecently, global pulsar timing arrays have released results from searching for a nano-Hertz gravitational wave background signal. Although there has not been any definite evidence of the presence of such a signal in residuals of pulsar timing data yet, with more and improved data in future, a statistically significant detection is expected to be made. Stochastic algorithms are used to sample a very large parameter space to infer results from data. In this paper, we attempt to rule out effects arising from the stochasticity of the sampler in the inference process. We compare different configurations of nested samplers and the more commonly used markov chain monte carlo method to sample the pulsar timing array parameter space and account for times taken by the different samplers on same data. Although we obtain consistent results on parameters from different sampling algorithms, we propose two different samplers for robustness checks on data in the future to account for cross-checks between sampling methods as well as realistic run-times.
A new method for finding nearby white dwarfs exoplanets and detecting biosignatures
Authors: Limbach Mary Anne , Vanderburg Andrew , Stevenson Kevin B , Blouin Simon , Morley Caroline , Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Soares-Furtado Melinda , Janson Markus 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) can detect infrared (IR) excess from the blended light spectral energy distribution of spatially unresolved terrestrial exoplanets orbiting nearby white dwarfs. We find that JWST is capable of detecting warm (habitable-zone; Teq = 287 K) Earths or super-Earths and hot (400–1000 K) Mercury analogues in the blended light spectrum around the nearest 15 isolated white dwarfs with 10 h of integration per target using MIRI’s medium-resolution spectrograph (MRS). Further, these observations constrain the presence of a CO2-dominated atmosphere on these planets. The technique is nearly insensitive to system inclination, and thus observation of even a small sample of white dwarfs could place strong limits on the occurrence rates of warm terrestrial exoplanets around white dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. We find that JWST can also detect exceptionally cold (100–150 K) Jupiter-sized exoplanets via MIRI broad-band imaging at $\lambda = 21\, \mathrm{\mu m}$ for the 34 nearest (&lt;13 pc) solitary white dwarfs with 2 h of integration time per target. Using IR excess to detect thermal variations with orbital phase or spectral absorption features within the atmosphere, both of which are possible with long-baseline MRS observations, would confirm candidates as actual exoplanets. Assuming an Earth-like atmospheric composition, we find that the detection of the biosignature pair O3+CH4 is possible for all habitable-zone Earths (within 6.5 pc; six white dwarf systems) or super-Earths (within 10 pc; 17 systems) orbiting white dwarfs with only 5–36 h of integration using MIRI’s low-resolution spectrometer.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 regulates SHH-subgroup medulloblastoma progression
Authors: Wynn Daniel T , Rodriguez-Blanco Jezabel , Long Jun , Yang Fan , Shen Chen , Fei Dennis , Tang Hsin-Yao , Hanson Derek , Robbins David J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor. Although standard-of-care treatment generally results in good prognosis, many patients exhibit treatment-associated lifelong disabilities. This outcome could be improved by employing therapies targeting the molecular drivers of this cancer. Attempts to do so in the SONIC HEDGEHOG MB subgroup (SHH-MB) have largely focused on the SHH pathway’s principal activator, smoothened (SMO). While inhibitors targeting SMO have shown clinical efficacy, recurrence and resistance are frequently noted, likely resulting from mutations in or downstream of SMO. Therefore, identification of novel SHH regulators that act on the pathway’s terminal effectors could be used to overcome or prevent such recurrence. We hypothesized that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is one such regulator and investigated its role and potential targeting in SHH-MB.

Methods
PRMT5 expression in SHH-MB was first evaluated. Knockdown and pharmacological inhibitors of PRMT5 were used in SHH-MB sphere cultures to determine its effect on viability and SHH signaling. GLI1 arginine methylation was then characterized in primary SHH-MB tissue using LC–MS/MS. Finally, PRMT5 inhibitor efficacy was evaluated in vivo.

Results
PRMT5 is overexpressed in SHH-MB tissue. Furthermore, SHH-MB viability and SHH activity is dependent on PRMT5. We found that GLI1 isolated from SHH-MB tissues is highly methylated, including three PRMT5 sites that affect SHH-MB cell viability. Importantly, tumor growth is decreased and survival increased in mice given PRMT5 inhibitor.

Conclusions
PRMT5 is a requisite driver of SHH-MB that regulates tumor progression. A clinically relevant PRMT5 inhibitor represents a promising candidate drug for SHH-MB therapy.
W. E. B. Du Bois as Scholar-Activist and Public Intellectual
Authors: Franklin V. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
W. E. B. Du Bois went from celebrated young scholar in the late 1890s to prominent scholar-activist in 1905 and to nationally and internationally known public intellectual by 1920. He was recognized as an outstanding scholar in the late 1890s with the publication of The Suppression of the Atlantic Slave Trade to the United States, 1638–1870 (1895); The Philadelphia Negro (1899), and his editorship of Atlanta University Studies, beginning in 1897. With the publication of The Souls of Black Folk in 1903 and the founding of the Niagara Movement in 1905, Du Bois became a cultural worker and scholar-activist seeking to counter the enormous influence of Booker T. Washington and his “Tuskegee Machine” on African American social and political affairs. Following his acceptance of the editorship of the NAACP’s Crisis in 1909, Du Bois became a leading public intellectual offering his perspectives and critiques of historical and contemporary events “along the color line.”
Tiny People and Glaciers
Authors: Hall Þorbjörg Daphne , Cannady Kimberly 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines narratives of Icelandicness in contemporary popular music, with a focus on the Sugarcubes, Björk, and Sigur Rós. These narratives are informed by local historical and contemporary contexts, and external stereotypes of Icelanders that have been around for centuries. The authors explore narratives of Icelandic popular music that often focus on simplified connections between music, nature, and folklore. Through qualitative research, including ethnography, this chapter explores how artists make sense of “borealist” imagery of Iceland that offers a divisive opportunity for unique branding and the embrace of “cool capitalism” in the popular music realm. Musicians simultaneously strengthen these connections through their artistic processes, but they also actively try to work against them when such imagery is seen as more limiting than beneficial. Through this material, this chapter offers a locally grounded perspective on how Icelandic artists negotiate these associations between popular music, place, and marketing.
How to Get What You Want to Know and Know What You’ve
Gotten in Research
Authors: Barnartt Sharon N. , Altman Barbara M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of how measurement differs from methodology, before reviewing historical types of measurement, and discussing how different models of disability inform measurement. The chapter uses developments in the measurement of disability in the US Census as a case study for discussing how official measures often change, and the implications of these changes. It then provides an overview of contemporary models of disability, including diagnostically based models, the medical model, deviance model, social models, minority group models, cultural models, social structural models, environmentally based models, and others (legal, identity/advocacy-based, and architectural). It concludes by discussing the implications of different models for data collection, data analysis, and the interpretation of results.
John Locke and Rhetoric
Authors: Shanks Torrey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recognizing the centrality of judgment to John Locke’s political thought highlights his ambivalent relationship to rhetoric. While sometimes critical of rhetoric as manipulative and distorting, he is deeply attuned to the power of persuasion over individuals and polities, in positive and negative ways. An important, but neglected, aspect of his Two Treatises of Government is a creative refiguring of the politically influential doctrine of patriarchalism. While challenging the rhetoric of this absolutist doctrine as deceptive, Locke depends on ingenious rhetoric to lead readers to see absolutism in a new light. His political critique depends in indispensable ways on figural language as well as vivid examples and narratives. Fully understanding Locke’s political critique demands that we take stock of the way that his rhetoric pluralizes and decenters the unitary, timeless figure of sovereignty and proprietorship advanced by adherents of the divine right of kings in order to inaugurate alternative political possibilities.
Scelsi’s Pfhat
Authors: Leydon Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Timbre is the aspect of sound that enables listeners to link it with material objects and physical processes. Dennis Smalley’s term “source bonding” sums up this tendency to link timbral features directly to their material origins. Spectral features of harmonicity, attack, and spectral flux encode the physical qualities of sources—real or imagined—and of actions such as striking, flexing, and splintering. In this essay I imagine the shimmering orchestral surface of Giacinto Scelsi’s Pfhat as a window onto a virtual materiality—in particular, the monumental ruins of the Forum Romanum. The work’s many composite timbres are categorized by their degrees of durability: “sturdy” timbres, such as those produced by struck metallophones and the steady-state quality of the organ’s pitches, contrast with pliable and ephemeral timbres such as the choral voices and modified brass instruments. The former are mapped to enduring weight-bearing structures, such as the surviving columns of the temple of Castor and Pollux, visible from Scelsi’s studio, while the latter are imagined as the ghostly afterimages of architectural features that once existed but which have collapsed or weathered away over time. Drawing on texts of Freud, Pierre Jouve, and recent writings on acoustics and ecological hearing, I approach this music as an auditory hallucination of monumental architecture as it exists across time and in various stages of construction and decay.
Audiovisual Rhythm and Its Spectator
Authors: Warner Rick 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How does cinema work as a fundamentally rhythmic medium? What aesthetic elements make up a film’s unfolding rhythms, and how do they impact the embodied viewer-listener? This chapter expands on received theories by focusing on multisensory cinematic rhythms and their affective and atmospheric operations. Drawing on a range of theorists and practitioners (Jean Epstein, Sergei Eisenstein, Jean Mitry, Robert Bresson, Jennifer Barker, and Michel Chion), this chapter argues for a conception of audiovisual rhythm that turns on the repetition of motifs across multiple scenes. Barry Jenkins’s Moonlight figures as the central case study, as audiovisual rhythm is shown to crucially inform the film’s immersive sensory address to the audience as well as the film’s social and political themes.
Film Theory and Machine Vision
Authors: Somaini Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The history of visual cultures is periodically marked by the appearance of new images and technologies of vision, images that introduce new forms of representation, and technologies that introduce new ways of seeing, extending, and reorganizing the field of the visible. In some cases, such changes produce only marginal transformations, whereas in others the transformations are vast, tectonic shifts. This is what is happening today with three phenomena that deserve our closest attention: the new technologies of machine vision based on artificial neural networks; the presence on the internet of trillions of images that are machine-readable, in the sense that they can be processed and analyzed by technologies of machine vision; and the genuinely new types of images that may be produced through processes of machine learning. The chapter will analyze these three phenomena and their various aesthetic, epistemological, and political implications from the perspective of film theory.
On the Impersonality of Experience
Authors: Richmond Scott C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Accounts of the fates of film theory after 1970 often, rightly, articulate a rupture between psychoanalytic film theory and its successors, especially the “turn to affect.” This chapter describes, across this rupture, a shared intellectual problem that animates both: that of the impersonality of experience. This chapter narrates the shift (paraphrasing Eugenie Brinkema) from the episteme of the spectator to the episteme of affect by focusing on how impersonality structures both. In so doing, it emphasizes film theory’s basic project of sorting out what is personal and impersonal in our encounters with cinema; part of this project involves developing vocabulary to describe and theorize about the technical articulations and intimate structures of our horizons of experience. The history of film theory—the history of how we speak to one another about what is meaningful in movies and our experiences of them—is, then, one expression of the history of experience. Film theory both in its psychoanalytical phase and its subsequent turn toward affect remains a crucial intellectual inheritance and scholarly practice for reckoning with our present and the ways technical media structure our experience. In other words, the history of film theory since 1970 can be usefully understood as a series of schemes for articulating the intimate impersonality of our relations to technology. It is thus also a history of ways of articulating the political import of what’s personal and impersonal about experience in the cinema, and our experience with technical media more broadly.