bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapidly descending dark energy and the end of cosmic expansion
Authors: Andrei Cosmin , Ijjas Anna , Steinhardt Paul J. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Although the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate today, this paper presents a simple mechanism by which a dynamical form of dark energy (known as quintessence) could cause the acceleration to come to end and smoothly transition from expansion to a phase of slow contraction. That raises questions, How soon could this transition occur? And at what point would it be detectable? The conclusions are that the transition could be surprisingly soon, maybe less than 100 million y from now, and yet, for reasons described in the main text, it is not yet detectable today. The scenario is not far-fetched. In fact, it fits naturally with recent theories of cyclic cosmology and conjectures about quantum gravity.
A new design for testing the gravitational inverse-square law at the sub-millimeter range with a 32-fold symmetric attractor
Authors: Du An-Bin , Tan Wen-Hai , Dong Wen-Can , Huang Hao , Zhu Lin , Tan Yu-Jie , Shao Cheng-Gang , Yang Shan-Qing , Luo Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Short-range tests of the gravitational inverse-square law are very important for finding new interactions. In order to further improve the constraints on the Yukawa-like gravitational force, we propose a new scheme based on the torsion balance, where the speculative Yukawa-like gravitational force between the pendulum and the attractor is substantially increased by increasing the area of the test mass and the source mass. A dual-compensation design is used to realize a null experiment, which can release the accuracy requirement on some geometric parameters. The calculation result shows that, at the 95% confidence level, the new design can establish the strongest bound on the magnitude α of the Yukawa violation at the range of 40–800 μm with the total error of about 2.0 × 10−17 N m, and improve the previous bounds about one order of magnitude at the length scale λ ≈ 300 μm.
Discrete element method to simulate interface delamination and fracture of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Leclerc W , Ferguen N , Lamini E-S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This contribution deals with a discrete element method (DEM) framework to simulate and investigate the mechanisms leading to the failure of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems. A hybrid lattice-particle approach is proposed to determine residual stress fields induced by the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch during a cooling-down phase. Besides, this is combined with a mixed-mode cohesive zone model to simulate interface delamination, and the removed discrete element failure criterion to model crack initiation and propagation in TBC system. The context of a unit cell model with a perfectly sinusoidal interface profile is first investigated to highlight the suitability of the proposed DEM-based approach in terms of stress fields and failure process. The case of a real microstructure reproduced by the image processing is then discussed. This underlines the effect of porosity and surface asperities on the failure mechanisms. Results exhibit the potential of the proposed DEM approach to model complex cracks phenomena occurring in TBC systems under thermal loading.
Classification of ECG using ensemble of residual CNNs with or without attention mechanism
Authors: Nejedly Petr , Ivora Adam , Viscor Ivo , Koscova Zuzana , Smisek Radovan , Jurak Pavel , Plesinger Filip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. This paper introduces a winning solution (team ISIBrno-AIMT) to the official round of PhysioNet Challenge 2021. The main goal of the challenge was a classification of ECG recordings into 26 multi-label pathological classes with a variable number of leads (e.g. 12, 6, 4, 3, 2). The main objective of this study is to verify whether the multi-head-attention mechanism influences the model performance. Approach. We introduced an ECG classification method based on the ResNet architecture with a multi-head attention mechanism for the official round of the challenge. However, empirical findings collected during model development suggested that the multi-head attention layer might not significantly impact the final classification performance. For this reason, during the follow-up round, we removed a multi-head attention layer to test the influence on model performance. Like the official round, the model is optimized using a mixture of loss functions, i.e. binary cross-entropy, custom challenge score loss function, and custom sparsity loss function. Probability thresholds for each classification class are estimated using the evolutionary optimization method. The final architecture consists of three submodels forming a majority voting classification ensemble. Main results. The modified model without the multi-head attention layer increased the overall challenge score to 0.59 compared to the 0.58 from the official round. Significance. Our findings from the follow-up submission support the fact that the multi-head attention layer in the proposed architecture does not significantly affect the classification performance.
Optical trapping core formation and general trapping mechanism in single-beam optical tweezers
Authors: Huang Di , Wan Pengcheng , Zhou Ling , Guo Haiqin , Zhao Ruihuang , Chen Jun , Ng Jack , Du Junjie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The working mechanism of single-beam optical tweezers is revisited using a recently established method. The optical force is split into conservative and nonconservative components, and these components are explicitly calculated for particles in the Rayleigh, Mie and geometrical optics regimes. The results indicate that optical trapping is attributable to the formation of an ‘optical trapping core’. Stable trapping is achieved when the conservative forces are larger than the nonconservative forces in the core region centered at the beam centers for all particle sizes. According to the conventional understanding, stability is a result of the conservative force overcoming the nonconservative force. In comparison, the concept of the optical trapping core more accurately illustrates the physical mechanism of optical trapping, for not only single-beam optical tweezers but also optical trapping settings.
Reduced density matrix approach to ultracold few-fermion systems in one dimension
Authors: Knight Mitchell J , Quiney Harry M , Martin Andy M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe variational determination of the two-fermion reduced density matrix (2-RDM) is described for harmonically trapped, ultracold few-fermion systems in one dimension with equal spin populations. This is accomplished by formulating the problem as a semi-definite program, with the 2-RDM being subject to well-knownN-representability conditions. The ground-state energies, as well as the density, pair-correlation function, and lower-order eigenvalues of the 2-RDM of various fermionic systems are found by utilising an augmented Lagrangian method for semi-definite programming. The ground-state energies are found to match well to those determined by full-configuration interaction and coupled-cluster calculations and the density, pair-correlation function, and eigenvalue results demonstrate that the salient features of these systems are well-described by this method. These results collectively demonstrate the utility of the reduced density matrix method firstly in describing strong correlation arising from short-range interactions, suggesting that the well-knownN-representability conditions are sufficient to model ultracold fermionic systems, and secondly in illustrating the prospect of treating larger systems currently out of the reach of established methods.
Sliding wear characteristics of Al-4032/SiC/GMP hybrid composites using L-16 orthogonal array
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Singh Pradeep K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The wear characteristics of the aluminium alloy (Al-4032) matrix-based hybrid composites (AMHCs) has been investigated through the DUCOM pin-on-disc tribometer. The AMHCs have been fabricated through the bottom pouring vacuum stir casting set up, using the mixture of silicon carbide (SiC) and granite marble powder ceramic particles in equal proportion, as the hybrid reinforcement at 0, 3, 6, 9 weight%. The mass loss has been considered as the response parameter and ‘Smaller-the-Better’ criteria has been adopted as the objective model in the study. The optimization of the control parameters i.e., composition, normal load, sliding time and sliding speed has been produced using main effect of means and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) methods. It is observed that all four control parameters have considerable influence on the wear characteristics of the AMHCs. The wear resistance of the AMHCs increases with increase in the amount of reinforcement up to 6%, followed by a decreasing trend beyond this value. This may be due to agglomeration of the reinforced particles at higher weight fraction. The percentage contribution of the control parameters such as composition, normal load, sliding time and sliding speed is 39.78%, 20.91%, 17.39% and 20.02% respectively.
Short-term exposure to air pollution and mental disorders: a case-crossover study in New York City
Authors: Yoo Eun-Hye , Roberts John E , Eum Youngseob , Li Xiaojiang , Chu Lingzhi , Wang Pin , Chen Kai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is growing evidence suggesting that exposure to air pollutants is associated with mental disorders. We investigated the impact of short-term exposures to both fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) assessed at fine spatiotemporal resolutions on emergency room (ER) visits related to mental disorders using 475 755 records from New York City between 2010 and 2016. We assessed the short-term impact of daily air pollution exposure on ER visits using a case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression. We further tested whether the impact of PM2.5 and O3 varied by individuals’ age, sex, and race/ethnicity, and if associations were modified by the degree of visibility of greenspace at individuals’ residences. Results suggested that the relative risk of visiting an ER for mental-disorders increased by 2.78% (95% CI: 1.82%–3.76%) with a 10

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increase in ambient PM2.5 concentration over a 4 day (d) moving average (lag 0–3 d) and increased by 0.71% (95% CI: 0.28%–1.15%) with a 10 ppb increase in O3 concentration on a single day lag (lag 1 d), and that these effects were modified by age and race/ethnicity, but not by sex or surrounding greenery. Specifically, we found that age group 19–35 years old and non-Whites were more susceptible to the effects of ambient air pollution exposure. In terms of specific disorders, we found that both PM2.5 and O3 have an effect on ER visits for psychotic disorders, but not dementia. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with increased ER visits for mental disorders. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms by which exposure to PM2.5 and O3 is linked to these ER visits.
Auditory experience modulates fronto-parietal theta activity serving fluid intelligence
Authors: Heinrichs-Graham Elizabeth , Walker Elizabeth A. , Taylor Brittany K. , Menting Sophia C. , Eastman Jacob A. , Frenzel Michaela R. , McCreery Ryan W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Children who are hard of hearing are at risk for developmental language and academic delays compared with children with normal hearing. Some work suggests that high-order cognitive function, including fluid intelligence, may relate to language and academic outcomes in children with hearing loss, but findings in these studies have been mixed and to date, there have been no studies of the whole-brain neural dynamics serving fluid intelligence in the context of hearing loss. To this end, this study sought to identify the impact of hearing loss and subsequent hearing aid use on the neural dynamics serving abstract reasoning in children who are hard of hearing relative to children with normal hearing using magnetoencephalography. We found significant elevations in occipital and parietal theta activity during early stimulus evaluation in children who are hard of hearing relative to normal-hearing peers. In addition, we found that greater hearing aid use was significantly related to reduced activity throughout the fronto-parietal network. Notably, there were no differences in alpha dynamics between groups during later-stage processing nor did alpha activity correlate with hearing aid use. These cross-sectional data suggest that differences in auditory experience lead to widespread alterations in the neural dynamics serving initial stimulus processing in fluid intelligence in children.
Application research of compressed-air energy storage under high proportion of renewable energy
Authors: Feng Bin , Yu Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
China will strive to achieve a ‘dual carbon’ target: ‘carbon peak’ by 2030 and ‘carbon-neutral’ by 2060. In this context, improving the efficiency of renewable energy and reducing the use of thermal power are important ways to achieve the target. Clean, efficient and large-capacity energy-storage technology is the key to improving the utilization rate of renewable energy. First, this paper proposes to use compressed-air energy-storage technology instead of the old energy-storage technology to build an economical and environmentally friendly comprehensive energy park capacity optimization configuration model. Second, this paper uses the newly proposed improved chicken swarm optimization algorithm to solve the model, which is more accurate and faster. Finally, this paper analyzes a comprehensive energy park in north-west China. Through case analysis, it can be seen that the average utilization rate of renewable energy can reach 73.87% through the model proposed in this paper, while the average power-abandonment rate is only 9.32%.
Antibodies as biomarkers for cancer risk: a systematic review
Authors: Monroy-Iglesias Maria J , Crescioli Silvia , Beckmann Kerri , Le Nga , Karagiannis Sophia N , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Santaolalla Aida 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increasing evidence has linked the humoral immune response with the development of various cancers. Therefore, there is growing interest in investigating the predictive value of antibodies to assess overall and tissue site-specific cancer risk. Given the large amount of antibody types and the broad scope of the search (i.e. cancer risk), the primary aim of this systematic review was to present an overview of the most researched antibodies (i.e. immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), tumour and self-antigen-reactive antibodies, infection-related antibodies) in relation to overall and site-specific cancer risk. We identified various antibody types that have been associated with the risk of cancer. While no significant associations were found for IgM serum levels, studies found an inconsistent association among IgE, IgA, and IgG serum levels in relation to cancer risk. When evaluating antibodies against infectious agents, most studies reported a positive link with specific cancers known to be associated with the specific agent recognized by serum antibodies (i.e. helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer, hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma, and human papillomavirus and cervical cancer). Several reports identified autoantibodies, as single biomarkers (e.g. anti-p53, anti-MUC1, and anti-CA125) but especially in panels of multiple autoantibodies, to have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for specific cancer types. Overall, there is emerging evidence associating certain antibodies to cancer risk, especially immunoglobulin isotypes, tumour-associated antigen-specific, and self-reactive antibodies. Further experimental studies are necessary to assess the efficacy of specific antibodies as markers for the early diagnosis of cancer.
Bacteremia With Anaerobic Bacteria and Association With Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Justesen Ulrik S , Nielsen Stig L , Jensen Thøger G , Dessau Ram B , Møller Jens K , Coia John E , Andersen Steen L , Pedersen Court , Gradel Kim O 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
There is a well-described association between bacteremia with bovis group streptococci or Clostridium septicum and an increased probability of a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. We wanted to investigate the existence of a similar association between CRC and bacteremia with other bacteria belonging to the gut microbiota..

Methods
A population based cohort study in a population about 2 million people including 45 774 bacteremia episodes and 231 387 blood culture negative cases was performed in the Region of Southern Denmark and Region Zealand from 2007–2016. Episodes of bacteremia were combined with the Danish central register for CRC. We performed Cox’s regression analysis with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
The study results confirmed previous findings of an increased risk of a CRC diagnosis after bacteremia with the bovis group streptococci (risk within a year: 4.3%; HR [95% CI]: 8.46 [3.51–20.4]) or C. septicum (20.8%; 76.2 [42.0–138]). Furthermore, Bacteroides ovatus (6.7%; 20.3 [5.04–81.8]), Bacteroides uniformis (5.4%; 16.2 [4.02–65.7]), Clostridium tertium (3.6 %; 13.9 [1.96–99.4]), Fusobacterium spp. (excluding F. necrophorum) (3.0 %; 8.51 [2.73–26.5]), and Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (3.6 %; 10.9 [4.50–26.3]) were also associated with an increased risk of a CRC diagnosis compared to patients with negative blood cultures (0.4%).

Conclusions
Bacteremia with specific gut microbiota anaerobic bacteria is associated with a high risk of a diagnosis of CRC, indicating the need for colorectal workup. Importantly, this strategy also holds the possible additional benefit of detecting adenomas or other premalignant conditions, which were not included in the present study.
Slow Recoveries and Unemployment Traps: Monetary Policy in a Time of Hysteresis*
Authors: Acharya Sushant , Bengui Julien , Dogra Keshav , Wee Shu Lin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We analyse monetary policy in a model where temporary shocks can permanently scar the economy’s productive capacity. Workers lose skill while unemployed and are costly to retrain, generating multiple steady-state unemployment rates. Following a large shock, unless monetary policy acts aggressively and quickly enough to prevent a significant rise in unemployment, hiring falls to a point where the economy recovers slowly at best—at worst, it falls into a permanent unemployment trap. Monetary policy can only avoid these outcomes if it commits in a timely manner to more accommodative policy in the future. Timely commitment is essential as the effectiveness of monetary policy is state dependent: once the recession has left substantial scars, monetary policy cannot speed up a slow recovery, or escape from an unemployment trap.
Benchmarking the Middle Ages: fifteenth century Tuscany in European perspective
Authors: van Zanden Jan Luiten , Felice Emanuele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article presents GDP estimates for fifteenth century Tuscany, based on the 1427 Florentine Catasto. In per capita GDP, Tuscany was only slightly above England and Holland. Furthermore, when compared to England and Holland, Tuscany was characterized by high extractive rates in favor of Florence, to the detriment of the subdued cities and the countryside, and by subsequent market blockades. This may explain why previous estimates, partly based on the construction wages in Florence, can lead to an overestimate of GDP. It may also explain the exceptional artistic blossoming of fifteenth century Florence, despite only a small lead in average GDP.
Frequency information extraction based on time-frequency ridges for characterizing thin sand bodies
Authors: Liu Lifeng , Guan Meng , Zhang Xiangtao , Zhu Yanhui , Lv Huaxing , Meng Chang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Time-frequency analysis (TFA) is a widely used reservoir prediction technology. During the identification of sand bodies using TFA, abnormally high values in the high-frequency portion of the spectrum usually indicate the presence of thin sand bodies. However, owing to the complexity of the depositional environment, the spatial distribution of thin sand bodies is often variable, and multiple phases of sand bodies—superimposed on each other—can occur with uneven thicknesses. A frequency information extraction technique based on time-frequency ridges (TFRs) is proposed in this study to identify stable TFRs in the time-frequency spectrum of a rearranged smooth pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution with high energy aggregation, as well as to extract the main- and high-frequency energy contents relative to them. To enhance the ability of these energy components to detect thin sand bodies, a frequency-energy weighting factor is computed. By performing the aforementioned steps, information about each frequency band can be obtained and a comprehensive depiction of sand bodies with different thicknesses achieved. It is concluded that by using the proposed method thin sand bodies such as small riverbeds can be effectively characterized using seismic data.
High-mass pulsators in eclipsing binaries observed usingTESS
Authors: Southworth John , Bowman Dominic M 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTPulsations and binarity are both common features of massive stars. The study of pulsating massive stars in eclipsing binary systems holds great potential for constraining stellar structure and evolution theory. However, prior to the all-sky Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, few such systems had been discovered or studied in detail. We have inspected the TESS light curves of a large number of eclipsing binaries known to contain high-mass stars, and compiled a list of 18 objects which show intrinsic variability. The light curves were modelled both to determine the physical properties of the systems, and to remove the effects of binarity in order to leave residual light curves suitable for asteroseismic analysis. Precise mass and radius measurements were obtained for δ Cir, CC Cas, SZ Cam V436 Per and V539 Ara. We searched the residual light curves for pulsation signatures and, within our sample of 18 objects, we find six definite and eight possible cases of β Cephei pulsation, seven cases of stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability, and eight instances of possible slowly pulsating B (SPB) star pulsation. The large number of pulsating eclipsing systems we have identified makes asteroseismology of high-mass stars in eclipsing binaries a feasible avenue to constrain the interior physics of a large sample of massive stars for the first time.