bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teletrabajo asalariado no regular y compensación de gastos: una propuesta interpretativa y aplicativa integradora de su régimen jurídico
Authors: Cremades Chueca Oriol 
Published: July 2022

La pandemia de la covid-19 ha sido el acicate para la aprobación de una nueva normativa de trabajo a distancia en el Derecho del Trabajo Español: la Ley 10/2021, de 9 de julio, de trabajo a distancia. Esta ley limita su ámbito aplicativo al considerado como “trabajo a distancia asalariado regular”, no siendo aplicable, por tanto y como contraposición, al que podría denominarse como “trabajo a distancia asalariado no regular”.
Asumiendo que el teletrabajo es la tipología de trabajo a distancia predominante y que múltiples factores pueden estar incentivando un relevante incremento del “teletrabajo asalariado no regular” en el presente y futuro inmediato en España, el objeto de este estudio es analizar el eventual régimen jurídico de la compensación de gastos en el “teletrabajo asalariado no regular” ante la existencia de no menores claroscuros e, incluso, severas lagunas jurídicas sobre esta materia. El objetivo último de todo ello es generar una propuesta interpretativa y aplicativa integradora sobre el régimen legal la compensación de gastos en teletrabajo no regular en el Derecho del Trabajo Español que pueda ser eventualmente útil para el conjunto de los operadores jurídicos.
Discourse on Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Nepal: A Review
Authors: Shrestha Bishal 
Published: July 2022

The discourse of social exclusion and inclusion is debatable issue in contemporary Nepali society. The issue of social exclusion should be addressed by adopting the process of social inclusion in several sectors of Nepali society which helps to establish society with equality. The article Social Exclusion and Inclusion tries to address the issue raised in the discourse of social inclusion. Similarly, it tries to explore the issue of social exclusion and inclusion from new line. Article is based on the review of the several articles published addressing the issue of social exclusion and inclusion. In introduction, I have mentioned the context and origin of social exclusion and inclusion debate. Different views of various renowned scholars on Social Exclusion and Inclusion have been mentioned. In Nepalese context, political movement and academic effort of social exclusion and inclusion have been discussed. The achievement that excluded group got in the Constitution and other Acts from the political and other inclusion movement have been disclosed here. In Nepal, there are three types of notions/domains: Inclusive based on Caste Ethnicity, Economy Prosperity and Meritocracy. I critically support the Inclusive based on Caste Ethnicity Movement.
Post-Spray Treatment of Plasma Sprayed Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Electrolyte with Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Technique
Authors: Khor K.A. , Chen X.J. , Chan S.H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Spark-plasma sintering (SPS) was adopted in this study as a rapid post-spray treatment for yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes prepared through the direct current (dc) plasma spray process. The lamellar microstructure in the as-sprayed samples was found to significantly reduced the ionic conductivity of the YSZ electrolytes. However, the ionic conductivity (at 1053 °C) increased sharply from 0.065 S/cm for the as-sprayed electrolyte to 0.122 S/cm for electrolyte post-spray treated through SPS at 1400°C for 3 minutes. These phenomena were attributed to the microstructure transformation from lamellar structure of the as-sprayed samples to equi-axial type granular structure of the post-spray samples treated by SPS. Correspondingly, porosity reduced from ~ 10.72 % in as-sprayed coating to ~ 1.38% in the SPS sample treated at 1400°C for 3 min. Majority of the pores in the SPS sample were also found to have contracted to a narrow size range 0.03 – 1 µm. AC impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the effect of the microstructure modification between samples treated in the SPS at temperature 1200, 1300 and 1400°C for 3 minutes with the concomitant reduction of the resistivity, which is consistent with the microstructure changes of the YSZ electrolyte from lamellar structure to granular structure. Overall, the results show that spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) is an effective and rapid post-spray treatment to improve the relative density and electrical properties of plasma sprayed YSZ electrolytes.
Thermal Spray Technology Growth in Gas Turbine Coatings
Authors: Dorfman M.R. , Nonni M. , Mallon J. , Woodard W. , Meyer P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For many years coatings have been successfully applied to aerospace engine components to improve life and performance. The key success areas have been in thermal barrier coatings, clearance control, oxidation/hot corrosion and wear coatings. Today, design engineers in the industrial gas turbine sector have leveraged the “aerospace” technology into the power generation industry. This paper gives a general overview of key coatings used in the compressor and turbine sections. Design requirements will be reviewed and compared between aerospace and power generation coatings. Application process improvement areas will also be discussed as a method of reducing component cost. Therefore, the total solution will be more reproducible, cost effective coatings that add value. This will result in engineered components that operate at higher temperatures and/or last for longer periods of time.
Elaboration of SOFCs Electrolytes by Air Plasma Spraying (APS) and Vacuum Plasma Spraying (VPS)- Comparison of Electrolyte Properties
Authors: Renouard-Vallet G. , Bianchi L. , Sauvet A.L. , Fauchais P. , Vardelle M. , Boulos M. , Gitzhofer F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to compare the impact of plasma deposition processes onto Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes’ properties. Indeed, physical properties and microstructure of plasma sprayed coatings depend on the in-flight treatment of the particles in the plasma jet. Investigations of the relationships between spraying conditions and the in-flight properties of the particles upon impact for Air Plasma Spraying (APS) and Vacuum Plasma Spraying (VPS) were carried out using a MacLean & Anderson design of experiment. The In-flight particle properties were determined using the DPV 2000. For each type of plasma spraying process, coatings were elaborated with optimized plasma spraying conditions that allowed reaching the highest particle velocity upon impact keeping the highest temperature as possible. Coatings properties were then, evaluated by SEM and impedance spectroscopy.
Effects of Cryomilling on the Oxidation of Thermally Sprayed MCrAlY
Authors: Tang Feng , Ajdelsztajn Leonardo , Schoenung Julie M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cryomilling was applied to conventional gas-atomized CoNiCrAlY powder to produce powder with nanocrystalline grains. The cryomilled powder and gas-atomized powder were HVOF sprayed onto mild steel sheets to prepare two coatings with fine-grained (~15 nm) and coarse-grained (~one micron) microstructure, respectively. Isothermal oxidation tests in air at 1000°C were conducted for the two coatings for up to 330 h. The morphology and composition of the thermally grown oxides (TGOs) formed on the two coatings were characterized with XRD, SEM, and EDS and compared with each other. After oxidation for up to 24 h, a pure alumina scale formed on the cryomilled coating, while a mixed oxide layer formed on the conventional coating. However, after oxidation for 330 h, non-alumina oxides formed also on the cryomilled coating. These results indicate that, while a fine-grained microstructure can promote the formation of a pure alumina scale after short-term oxidation by increasing the Al diffusion rate toward the surface, it can also accelerate the Al depletion by increasing the Al diffusion rate toward the substrate, which results in the formation of non-alumina oxides after long-term oxidation. The mechanisms governing the oxide formation are discussed in terms of atomic diffusion and thermodynamic stability.
Properties of Plasma Sprayed Alumina-Chromia Mixtures
Authors: Dubský Jiří , Řiídký Vladimír , Kolman Blahoslav J. , Chráska Pavel J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An important and often neglected factor in determining the final properties of a plasma sprayed deposit is its phase composition. It is well known that spraying of alumina results usually in the formation of phases other than the desired hard alpha-phase (corundum) unless a stabilizing admixture is added to the feedstock. In this work, chromia was used for stabilization and feedstocks with varying amounts of chromia were used to produced coatings by water spray plasma coating. Two types of feedstocks were used: fused/crushed feedstock and a mixture of alumina and chromia powders. The effect of the chromia content on phase composition, residual stresses, hardness, and wear abrasion of coatings was studied. Microanalysis indicates that a certain amount of chromium is transferred into alumina particles during the "in-flight" reaction of both powders in the plasma jet. Complex "alloy" oxides form where part of the aluminum is replaced by chromium and the alpha-phase is partially stabilized. However, any amount of chromia in coatings significantly changes the wear resistance and hardness even when the stabilization of corundum is only partial.
Influence of Substrate Surface Roughness on Adhesive Property of Sprayed Coating
Authors: Maruyama Toru , Kobayashi Takeshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Though the adhesion between substrate and sprayed coating seems to be mainly due to the anchoring effect, quantitative examinations have not been sufficient. In this paper, the surface condition of a roughened substrate is quantitatively evaluated using a surface roughness tester, and the adhesive relationship is clarified. Substrate used was S45C(JIS standard) carbon steel, and the roughening methods were blasting and endless belt polishing with alumina grit, in various roughening conditions. A pure copper coating was formed using the powder flame spraying method on roughened substrate. The drawing adhesion strength test method was used to evaluate the adhesive properties. The adhesive strength is reduced, though the surface roughness of the substrate increases, as the size of the grid particles for roughening increase. The alumina grits remained on the substrate after roughening, and they were removed by ultrasonic cleaning. Though there is no relation between the adhesive strength and the ratio of the increase in the surface area of substrate due to the roughening treatment, it is recognized that the adhesive strength also increases when the roughness gradient of the substrate increases.
Influence of Plasma Spraying Parameters on the In-Flight Oxidation of Stainless Steel Particles
Authors: Syed A.A. , Denoirjean A. , Deniorjean P. , Labbe J.C. , Fauchais P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a previous work, the authors determined that different mechanisms control in-flight particle oxidation in the core of a plasma jet and in its plume. In the core, convective movements within the liquid particle govern the oxidation kinetics if the plasma-to-liquid particle kinematic viscosities ratio is greater than 55 and the particle Reynolds number (Re) is more than 20. Convective movements entrain the oxide and dissolved oxygen from the particle surface towards its interior forming oxide nodules, and the fresh liquid metal is continuously renewed at the surface. Higher particle reactivity can be achieved in the plasma core. Convective movements cease in the plasma plume and the mass transfer from particle surface to its interior ends. Only classical surface oxidation continues, and the formed oxide covers the surface of the particles. The reaction kinetics are diffusion controlled and the oxidation rate decreases. In this present study, two austenitic stainless steel powders were air plasma sprayed using a dc plasma gun (PTF4 type) and were collected in an argon atmosphere. This paper reviews the influence of plasma spraying parameters on the oxide content in the collected particles. The studied parameters were plasma current intensity, hydrogen gas content in the plasma gas, and sprayed particle size. From the results, it can be concluded that plasma spray conditions favoring higher plasma to particle kinematic viscosities ratio and particle Re results in higher convective oxidation of particles in the plasma core.
Physical Characteristics of Alumina Coating Using Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Low Pressure Plasma Spraying (VPS)
Authors: Yamasaki Ryo , Takeuchi Junichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Physical characteristics of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed (APS) Alumina coating and Low Pressure Plasma Sprayed (VPS) Alumina coating were investigated. High purity Alumina powder was used for thermal spraying in this test. As electrical properties, the volume resistivity, dielectric constant, and the dielectric breakdown voltage were measured at R.T. to 873K. And the coefficient of thermal expansion, and the thermal conductivity were measured at also R.T. to 873K, as thermal properties. Mechanical properties, such as the Young’s modulus, the bending strength, and the cross-sectional hardness value were measured at R.T. As a test result, the Alumina coatings using both APS and VPS have similar properties except for the cross-sectional hardness value that was higher when sprayed by VPS.
Equipment Engineering and Process Control for Cold Spraying
Authors: Cheng Otto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the cold spray process, the coating material, by using high particle speed, is plasticized when hitting the substrate and is combined with the base material. In principle, the process is similar to explosion welding. Contrary to the conventional thermal spraying methods the material is not melted. This paper reviews the development of equipment and process controls for a comprehensive cold spray system.
A Fundamental Study of the Kinetic Spray Process
Authors: Han Taeyoung , Zhao Zhibo , Gillispie Bryan A. , Smith John R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the kinetic spray process, metallic particles are injected into a supersonic gas stream and accelerated to high velocities. When the particles impinge upon a substrate, they are plastically deformed and they bond to the substrate and to one another. In this process, a number of process parameters may affect the particle velocities and particle temperatures, and thus, affect coating formation. In the present study, various spray variables for the large particle sizes are systematically investigated through computational modeling and experiments. The relatively large size aluminum particles (63-90 µm) are used in this study. Effects on coating deposition are discussed in terms of loading behavior, deposition rate and deposition efficiency of the coatings. It was found that the coating formation is critically controlled by particle temperature, in addition to particle velocity.
Effect of Feedstock Powder Size on the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Thermal Sprayed HVOF Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings
Authors: Matthäus G. , Picas J.A. , Forn A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the most important uses of HVOF thermal sprayed CrC-NiCr coatings is for wear resistance. In this work Cr3C275-NiCr25 coatings were obtained by high-velocity oxy-fuel system from three agglomerated feedstock powders with various powder size distributions (- 30, -10 and –5 µm). The powders were agglomerated, sintered, plasmafused and crushed, in order to increase their density. The coating microstructures were characterised by SEM microscopy. Differences in coating roughness have been determined by profilometry. The ultra-microindentation technique was applied to measure the hardness and the elasto-plastic properties of the coatings. Experiments using a tribometer (pin on disc configuration) under lubricated and dry conditions have been performed in order to evaluate the friction and wear properties of the different coatings. It was found that the coatings obtained with the lowest feedstock powder size presented the best sliding wear resistance under all the conditions. This fact could be explained in terms of differences of cohesion between the carbide particles and the binder phase. The lower feedstock powder presents a lower carbide particle size that involves a better distribution and cohesion of the chromium carbide with the NiCr binder phase. This fact leads a minor production of “third body” hard particles in the wear tests that influenced quite considerably in the final wear rate of the studied coatings.
Thin Plasma-Transferred-Arc Welded Coatings - an Alternative to Thermally Sprayed Coatings?
Authors: Wilden J. , Bergmann J.P. , Frank H. , Pinzl S. , Schreiber F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
HVOF-, arc- and plasma sprayed coatings are widely used for wear protection. Today these type of layers are dominant if thin coatings from 50 up to 500 µm and low heat input into the work piece are required. The main disadvantage of thermally sprayed coatings is the adhesion to the substrate and the early failure when cyclic loaded. In both cases a metallurgical bonding to the substrate can improve the life cycle time. Plasma transferred arc (PTA) welded coatings show a metallurgical bonding to the substrate. The main disadvantages of this coating technology are the dilution of about 5%, the heat input into the substrate and that nowadays all welding positions seem to be impossible to carry out. In this paper the theoretical background for welding thin coatings (less than 500 µm) with a decreased dilution and in all welding positions is given and experimentally proved.
Optimization of Energy Management Through Plasma-Augmented- Laser-Cladding (PALC)
Authors: Wilden J. , Emmel A. , Bergmann J.P. , Dolles M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Laser cladding is a very promising technology from a metallurgical point of view. The benefits are low heat input into the substrate, high cooling rates resulting in a fine microstructure of the coating and an excellent metallurgical bonding to the substrate. The main disadvantage of laser cladding, however, is poor process efficiency, which causes high processing costs. In order to gain interest on the industrial level an optimisation of the energy management, for example reducing the energy loss through conduction, is necessary. Improved process efficiency and reduced processing time can be realized by a hybrid technology of coupling laser with a plasma arc. The feed can be coaxial to the plasma gun in form of powder. The main advantage of this process is that the processing area as well as the powder is preheated and activated by a transferred arc. The laser power is mainly used for heating up the feedstock material till melting temperature. The experimental results prove the theoretical considerations. Compared to laser cladding an increase in cladding speed and a lower energy input are reached. Further the efficiency towards material can be nearly doubled, reducing stock costs. At last the heat-affected zone is reduced, which offers the possibility to process crack sensitivity materials.
TiC Based Coatings Prepared by Combining SHS and Plasma Spraying
Authors: Haller Bénedicte , Bonnet Jean-Pierre , Fauchais Pierre , Grimaud Alain , Labbe Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Obtaining dense ceramic coatings by thermal spraying still remains a challenge. Compared to metals, ceramics have a lower thermal conductivity and a larger melting enthalpy. These factors limit the heat transfer from the plasma to the particles and consequently do not necessarily allow their total melting. Problems linked to this heat transfer can be avoided, or at least limited, by using agglomerated particles made of a mixture of reactive powders yielding the ceramic material, via SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) reaction. In this case, the reaction can be ignited by the heat transfer at the particle surface of an agglomerate and propagate towards the centre during its flight through the plasma. The application of this process to Ti, C mixtures leads to the formation of a dense TiC based coating. The composition of the coating, influenced by the contamination of the surrounding gas entrainment during the spray process, belongs to the TiC-TiO solid solution. The influence of experimental parameters on the coating composition is discussed.
Experimental Study on Wire Explosion Directional Spraying
Authors: Pu Zelin , Yang Kun , Liu Zongde , Mao Xueping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A new device developed was used to spray directionally coating by wire explosion process. Stellite 6 alloy was employed to a coating deposited on a medium carbon steel in order to improve the erosion-resistance of the steel in this paper. Different initial capacitor voltages were used to prepare the coatings in the spray process. Microstructure of the coatings was examined by OM and SEM .Hardness of the coatings was measured with a hardness tester. The properties of the coatings were compared under the different wires. The results show that fine grain was found in the coating and the hardness of the coating was much higher than initial alloy hardness.
Plasma Sprayed High Lubricity Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Ma X.Q. , DeCarmine T. , Xiao T.D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A typical high-pressure fuel pump for direct injection (DI) engines operates with fuels such as petroleum-based hydrocarbons that have inherent lubricating properties. However, environmental requirements put the thrush to use cleaner fuels that don’t contain lubricants and consequently an increasing abrasion problem presents with the surface of high-pressure fuel pump for direct injection engines. To alleviate this problem, the alternative solution is to promote wear and corrosion resistance of DI engines by applying high-lubricity coatings onto surfaces of engine components such as pump plungers. In this work, self-lubricating nanocomposites with nano-Al2O3/TiO2 matrix and Fe3O4 additive as solid lubricant was the first applied. The nanocomposites had been fabricated into lubricant coatings with a single layer or a functionally graded structure in plasma spray process. Tribological test results for the nanocomposite coatings demonstrated 4 times increase in sliding wear resistance and 3-5 times increase in abrasive wear resistance in under the tested conditions. The lowest coefficient of friction about 0.18 was measured on the nanocomposite coating with an optimal Fe3O4 content in pin-on-disk test in ethanol. Based on morphologies and wear behavior analyses, the wear mechanism was proposed for the nanocomposites. The nanocomposite coatings have exhibited the advantages of cleavability, chemical stability, low friction and high wear resistance, and will have a potential for various applications that require high lubricity at ambient and elevated temperature.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Alumina-Zirconia Nano-composite Coating
Authors: Sodeoka S. , Suzuki M. , Inoue T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alumina-zirconia composite coatings were fabricated by plasma spraying using both of mixture of commercial feedstocks and agglomerated feedstock from fine powders of about 100 nm. The coating from mixture had an ordinary lamella structure which consisted of alumina splats and zirconia splats, whereas that from fine powders showed the striped contrast in the splat. X-ray deflection profiles revealed that the latter contained gamma-alumina, monoclinic-zirconia and tetragonal-zirconia crystals, which sizes were under 10 nm. These facts mean the fine crystals dispersed inhomogeneously. The nano-composite coating had a higher Vickers hardness and lower thermal diffusivity than the coating from mixture. Moreover, it showed good thermal stability and its crystallite size kept under 50 nm even after the heat treatment at 1500°C for 100h.