bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fortune’s Early Modern Turn
Authors: Degenhardt Jane Hwang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This substantial introductory chapter offers a detailed overview of the economic, religious, imperial, and philosophical contexts for understanding the expanding role of fortune in early modern England. It includes a discussion of the radical shifts in fortune’s meaning from the classical and medieval periods into the Renaissance, including an overview of major philosophical and poetic treatments of the topic by writers ranging from Boethius to Machiavelli to John Dee. It also includes a consideration of fortune’s evolving iconographical tradition in the sixteenth century (including a discussion of more than a dozen images). Finally, it sets forth an argument about the popular theater’s role in authorizing a new meaning of fortune that offered a model for maximizing and ethically justifying new global investment practices as well as its own reliance on paying audiences, outside investors, and commercial profits.
The Politics of Investment Treaties in Latin America
Authors: Calvert Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInternational investment law is at a crossroads. Civil society groups, prominent think tanks, and international organizations are calling for widespread reform. At the centre of controversy are international investment agreements (IIAs) and investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). Over 1,000 legal claims have been brought by foreign investors under IIAs since the mid-1990s, resulting in multimillion-dollar fines imposed against governments for policies related to the environment, natural resource governance, and access to basic services among other areas of public concern. Governments targeted by investor claims are pursuing a variety of reforms that range from the incremental to paradigm-shifting. These different responses raise important questions about the politics of infringement and reform. Why do governments infringe on IIAs despite the costs of doing so? Why do some governments heavily targeted by investor claims pursue more substantive reforms than others? This book provides a timely examination of infringement and reform in Latin America, where governments felt the sting of investor claims sooner and with greater frequency than in other regions. It focuses on Peru, Argentina, and Ecuador, countries that responded very differently to waves of investor claims. Based on interviews with government officials and international lawyers, as well as an extensive analysis of legal transcripts, detailed case study chapters examine the conditions that prompted investor claims and the factors that inform countries’ reform agendas. In doing so, the book illustrates the conditions under which IIAs constrain state behaviour and how different belief systems produce different responses to external pressures for treaty compliance.
The Contested History of Investment Treaties in Latin America
Authors: Calvert Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter illustrates the roles Latin American elites played in establishing international investment protection standards. The origins of international investment law are complex. Intellectuals and practitioners from capital-exporting countries shaped its nature and scope, but they did not dictate investment protection standards alone. Latin American elites and other global South actors influenced the content and reach of investment rules over time. And they did so in tune with evolving beliefs about the role of the state in promoting economic growth and social welfare. The chapter begins with the nineteenth century when Latin American governments opposed Western efforts to impose principles of customary international law. Both sides professed liberal values but held fundamentally different views about the duty of care owed to foreign nationals in newly independent states. It then discusses alternative standards of protection developed by Latin American elites, which circumscribed investor rights until the 1980s. Finally, it addresses the proliferation of IIAs in the 1990s. It shows that Latin American governments did not simply react to external incentives in signing IIAs. How governments viewed their role in domestic economic management fundamentally changed, leading to a greater willingness to surrender state sovereignty in exchange for anticipated economic progress.
Argentina
Authors: Calvert Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArgentina is the most frequently litigated country under international investment agreements (IIAs). Multimillion-dollar losses prompted staunch opposition from government and civil society. Yet, Argentina did not terminate IIAs as did other Latin American countries. Instead, it refused to pay arbitral awards and infringed repeatedly on its agreements. This chapter asks why would a government infringe repeatedly on IIAs despite rising costs? Why would a country heavily targeted by investor claims fail to reduce its IIA commitments? It focuses on the governments of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. The Kirchner governments embraced a softer form of market-led development that emphasized the state’s role in protecting citizens from market insecurities. They were unwilling to offer concessions to affected investors that would stave off arbitral rulings because this risked reducing access to public services for the poor and marginalized. Policymakers also sought to reverse the most contested aspects of privatization, which led to infringement. Yet, they were also willing participants in the global capitalist system and believed that IIAs help attract foreign investment. While they contested perceived bias in arbitration, they believed IIAs would generate long-term benefits once the short-term costs of infringement were absorbed.
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). IX. The most overdense region atz∼ 5 inhabited by a massive radio galaxy
Authors: Uchiyama Hisakazu , Yamashita Takuji , Nagao Tohru , Ono Yoshiaki , Toshikawa Jun , Ichikawa Kohei , Kawakatu Nozomu , Kajisawa Masaru , Toba Yoshiki , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Kubo Mariko , Imanishi Masatoshi , Ito Kei , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Saito Tomoki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report on the galaxy density environment around a high-z radio galaxy (HzRG) at z = 4.72, HSC J083913.17+011308.1 (HSC J0839+0113), probed using an r-dropout Lyman break galaxy (LBG) sample from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program data. We find that HSC J0839+0113 resides in the outskirts of an overdense region identified by the r-dropout galaxies at a 4.7σ significance level. The projected distance between HSC J0839+0113 and the peak position of the overdense region is 0.4 physical Mpc, which is shorter than the typical protocluster radius in this epoch. According to the extended Press–Schechter and the light cone models, the HSC J0839+0113-hosted overdense region is expected to evolve into a halo &gt;1014 ${M_{\odot}}$ at z = 0 with a high probability of $&gt;\!\! 80\%$. These findings suggest that HSC J0839+0113 is associated with a protocluster. The HSC J0839+0113 rich-system is the most overdense region of LBGs among the known protoclusters with LBGs in the same cosmic epoch.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the tomato fruit transcriptome under prolonged water stress
Authors: Nicolas Philippe , Shinozaki Yoshihito , Powell Adrian , Philippe Glenn , Snyder Stephen I , Bao Kan , Zheng Yi , Xu Yimin , Courtney Lance , Vrebalov Julia , Casteel Clare L , Mueller Lukas A , Fei Zhangjun , Giovannoni James J , Rose Jocelyn K C , Catalá Carmen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWater availability influences all aspects of plant growth and development; however, most studies of plant responses to drought have focused on vegetative organs, notably roots and leaves. Far less is known about the molecular bases of drought acclimation responses in fruits, which are complex organs with distinct tissue types. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms governing fruit development under drought, we profiled the transcriptomes of a spectrum of fruit tissues from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), spanning early growth through ripening and collected from plants grown under varying intensities of water stress. In addition, we compared transcriptional changes in fruit with those in leaves to highlight different and conserved transcriptome signatures in vegetative and reproductive organs. We observed extensive and diverse genetic reprogramming in different fruit tissues and leaves, each associated with a unique response to drought acclimation. These included major transcriptional shifts in the placenta of growing fruit and in the seeds of ripe fruit related to cell growth and epigenetic regulation, respectively. Changes in metabolic and hormonal pathways, such as those related to starch, carotenoids, jasmonic acid, and ethylene metabolism, were associated with distinct fruit tissues and developmental stages. Gene coexpression network analysis provided further insights into the tissue-specific regulation of distinct responses to water stress. Our data highlight the spatiotemporal specificity of drought responses in tomato fruit and indicate known and unrevealed molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in drought acclimation, during both vegetative and reproductive stages of development.
Abscisic acid modulates neighbor proximity-induced leaf hyponasty in Arabidopsis
Authors: Michaud Olivier , Krahmer Johanna , Galbier Florian , Lagier Maud , Galvão Vinicius Costa , Ince Yetkin Çaka , Trevisan Martine , Knerova Jana , Dickinson Patrick , Hibberd Julian M , Zeeman Samuel C , Fankhauser Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaves of shade-avoiding plants such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) change their growth pattern and position in response to low red to far-red ratios (LRFRs) encountered in dense plant communities. Under LRFR, transcription factors of the phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) family are derepressed. PIFs induce auxin production, which is required for promoting leaf hyponasty, thereby favoring access to unfiltered sunlight. Abscisic acid (ABA) has also been implicated in the control of leaf hyponasty, with gene expression patterns suggesting that LRFR regulates the ABA response. Here, we show that LRFR leads to a rapid increase in ABA levels in leaves. Changes in ABA levels depend on PIFs, which regulate the expression of genes encoding isoforms of the enzyme catalyzing a rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis. Interestingly, ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants have more erect leaves than wild-type Arabidopsis under white light but respond less to LRFR. Consistent with this, ABA application decreases leaf angle under white light; however, this response is inhibited under LRFR. Tissue-specific interference with ABA signaling indicates that an ABA response is required in different cell types for LRFR-induced hyponasty. Collectively, our data indicate that LRFR triggers rapid PIF-mediated ABA production. ABA plays a different role in controlling hyponasty under white light than under LRFR. Moreover, ABA exerts its activity in multiple cell types to control leaf position.
Cell reorientation on a cyclically strained substrate
Authors: Das Shuvrangsu , Ippolito Alberto , McGarry Patrick , Deshpande Vikram S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cyclic strain avoidance, the phenomenon of cell and cytoskeleton alignment perpendicular to the direction of cyclic strain of the underlying 2D substrate, is an important characteristic of the adherent cell organization. This alignment has typically been attributed to the stress-fiber reorganization although observations clearly show that stress-fiber reorganization under cyclic loading is closely coupled to cell morphology and reorientation of the cells. Here, we develop a statistical mechanics framework that couples the cytoskeletal stress-fiber organization with cell morphology under imposed cyclic straining and make quantitative comparisons with observations. The framework accurately predicts that cyclic strain avoidance stems primarily from cell reorientation away from the cyclic straining rather than cytoskeletal reorganization within the cell. The reorientation of the cell is a consequence of the cell lowering its free energy by largely avoiding the imposed cyclic straining. Furthermore, we investigate the kinetics of the cyclic strain avoidance mechanism and demonstrate that it emerges primarily due to the rigid body rotation of the cell rather than via a trajectory involving cell straining. Our results provide clear physical insights into the coupled dynamics of cell morphology and stress-fibers, which ultimately leads to cellular organization in cyclically strained tissues.
Continuing specialist care into adulthood in young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records in England
Authors: Costello Ruth E , Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , McDonagh Janet E , Hyrich Kimme L , Humphreys Jenny H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to measure (1) the proportion of children who continue to receive specialist care (rheumatology/ophthalmology) as adults, (2) the characteristics associated with continuing specialist care, and (3) the frequency of specialist care appointments in both paediatric and adult services.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of young people with JIA was identified from UK primary care electronic health records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) between 1 April 2003 and 31 December 2018. To be included in the study, cases needed to have at least 1 year of registration at their general practice beyond age 18 and linkage to Hospital Episodes Statistics data for secondary care information. All specialist care outpatient visits were identified from Hospital Episodes Statistics outpatient data.

Results
There were 666 young people included in the study. Of these, 427 (64%) received specialist care beyond age 18, 90 (13%) had their last recorded contact at 16–17 years and 149 (22%) did not continue after 16 years. Older age at diagnosis, female gender, less deprivation and a childhood diagnosis of uveitis were associated with continuing specialist care beyond age 18. Of those continuing beyond 18, 35% (n = 153) were subsequently discharged by the study end date. Of all those discharged, 32% had a missed appointment recorded after the last attended visit, suggesting failure to attend.

Conclusions
Two-thirds of young people with JIA continue to receive specialist care beyond age 18. This is useful information for children and young people with JIA and their families planning for their future, and for clinicians planning health-care services.
Concept Note: Toward Metagenomic Sequencing for Rapid, Sensitive, and Accurate Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Potato Seed Production
Authors: Roman-Reyna Veronica , Rioux Renee , Babler Brooke , Klass Taylor , Jacobs Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

Disease-free planting stocks and formal certification systems are critical for the profitable production of vegetatively propagated crops. Propagation through seed tubers is the standard and preferred process for potato production. Seed tuber certification systems are used in the United States and throughout the world to mitigate degeneration and promote the use of high-quality planting stocks. Seed certification uses molecular and serological diagnostic methods for stock testing. While the molecular assays available are well-validated and offer high sensitivity, the rapidly evolving pathogens they target routinely develop mutations that allow them to evade detection. Examples of these limitations are the potato diseases soft rot and blackleg, caused by Pectobacterium and Dickeya species. These diseases are challenging for current diagnostics tools because of high pathogen genomic variability, identical symptom development, and co-infections. Given the rapidly changing genetics of soft rot and blackleg bacteria, metagenomic sequencing should be adopted as a tool for routine validation of currently accepted diagnostic methods, and for the development of new diagnostic assays. We propose metagenome sequencing usage to enhance the diagnostic capabilities and complement molecular epidemiology approaches. We envision that metagenomics will accelerate diagnosis, shorten response time to outbreaks caused by unknown microorganisms, and provide more accurate and sustainable management strategies for seed certification programs. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Need for accelerating tobacco control in India: findings from the national cancer registry programme
Authors: Nath Anita , SathishKumar Krishnan , Das Priyanka , Lakshminarayana Sudarshan Kondalli , Santhappan Stephen , Natarajan Sathya , Karuppasamy Saravanaraj , Narasimhan Sandeep , Venkataiah Ramesha , Mathur Prashant 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To describe the epidemiology of cancer in sites associated with tobacco use in India, according to recent findings from the National Cancer Registry Programme.

Methods
The data on cancers in sites associated with tobacco use has been sourced from 28 population-based and 58 hospital-based cancer registries of the National Cancer Registry Programme in India. The data covering a period of 5 years (2012–2016) was taken up for analysis.

Results
The highest age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR) among males was reported in the Aizawl district in Mizoram (197.3 per 100 000). The AAR was the highest (121.1 per 100 000) in the Papumpare district in females. The top five leading sites were cancers of the lung (10.7%), mouth (8.7%), oesophagus (6%), tongue (6%) and stomach (5%) among males and cancer of the cervix (10.3%), lung (4.3%), oesophagus (3.3%), mouth (3.3%) and tongue (2.7%) in females. The highest significant increase in AAR, indicated by the annual percentage change was seen among males in Aurangabad (3.4) and females in Kamrup urban (2.4). Except for lung cancer, most patients with other cancer types among both genders presented to the health facility with a locoregional (spread to nearby lymph nodes) disease spread. It is projected that in 2025, there will be 694367 cases of cancers in the sites associated with tobacco use.

Conclusion
Tobacco uses in either form and cancer in sites associated with tobacco use are an important matter of public health concern in India. Cancer registries play a crucial role in identifying populations with high cancer incidence in sites associated with tobacco use, monitoring the trends over time, and evaluating the impact of tobacco control measures.
Cervical cancer screening and outcomes for women under 25 years of age in Belgium: a 10-year nationwide study
Authors: Desimpel Fabian , Declercq Sabine , Makar Amin 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to describe trends in cervical cancer screening and outcomes for women under 25 years of age in Belgium between 2010 and 2019 in response to a changed reimbursement policy.

Materials and methods
We used the databases of the National Health Insurance Institute (RIZIV/INAMI) and the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) for a nationwide description of cervical screening, subsequent diagnostic procedures and outcomes for women younger than 20 years and women aged 20–25 years between 2010 and 2019.

Results
Over a 10-year period, the number of cytology screening tests and annual screening rates in women younger than 25 years have been reduced by 50%, but no increases in invasive cervical cancer or high-grade intraepithelial lesion diagnoses were observed. The major determinant of this decreased overscreening has been the limitation of reimbursement in 2013 to once every 3 years instead of once every 2 years. In women aged 25–29 years, there is no increase in invasive cervical cancer diagnoses after decreased screening of women younger than 25 years. To detect 29 invasive cervical cancers in women younger than 25 during the 10-year study period, a total of 5606 conizations were performed and 43 million EUR of Belgian health insurance budget was spent. Since the cost of hospitalization, sickness leave and negative psychological impact were not included in our estimation, these costs are underestimated.

Conclusion
Incidence of cervical cancer in women under 25 years remains low and screening is not effective in preventing cervical cancer, although there is clear evidence of potential reproductive harm and financial cost. We state that restricting reimbursement of cervical cancer screening before the age of 25 will improve guideline adherence and decrease healthcare expenditures without negatively impacting the health of the population.
A Nonexercise Prediction of Peak Oxygen Uptake for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Peterman James E. , Arena Ross , Myers Jonathan , Ades Philip A. , Bonikowske Amanda R. , Harber Matthew P. , Marzolini Susan , Savage Patrick D. , Squires Ray W. , Lavie Carl J. , Kaminsky Leonard A. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
Nonexercise predictions of peak oxygen uptake (V˙o
2peak) are used clinically, yet current equations were developed from cohorts of apparently healthy individuals and may not be applicable to individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our purpose was to develop a CVD-specific nonexercise prediction equation for V˙o
2peak.

Methods:
Participants were from the Fitness Registry and Importance of Exercise International Database (FRIEND) with a diagnosis of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or heart failure (HF) who met maximal effort criteria during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (n = 15 997; 83% male; age 63.1 ± 10.4 yr). The cohort was split into development (n = 12 798) and validation groups (n = 3199). The prediction equation was developed using regression analysis and compared with a previous equation developed on a healthy cohort.

Results:
Age, sex, height, weight, exercise mode, and CVD diagnosis were all significant predictors of V˙o
2peak. The regression equation was:

V˙o
2peak (mL · kg–1 · min–1) = 16.18 – (0.22 × age [yr]) + (3.63 × sex [male = 1; female = 0]) + (0.14 × height [cm]) – (0.12 × weight [kg]) + (3.62 × mode [treadmill = 1; cycle = 0]) – (2.70 × CABG [yes = 1, no = 0]) – (0.31 × MI [yes = 1, no = 0]) + (0.37 × PCI [yes = 1, no = 0]) – (4.47 × HF [yes = 1, no = 0]). Adjusted R2 = 0.43; SEE = 4.75 mL · kg–1 · min–1
.
Compared with measured V˙o
2peak in the validation group, percent predicted V˙o
2peak was 141% for the healthy cohort equation and 100% for the CVD-specific equation.

Conclusions:
The new equation for individuals with CVD had lower error between measured and predicted V˙o
2peak than the healthy cohort equation, suggesting population-specific equations are needed for predicting V˙o
2peak; however, errors associated with nonexercise prediction equations suggest V˙o
2peak should be directly measured whenever feasible.