bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of soil nutritional health in rice (Oryza sativa) fields
Authors: Kanojia Ashok Kumar , Sreekesh S. 
Published: May 2022

Soil is an important component of the human environment and is a significant component of terrestrial ecosystems. Over utilization and consuming all its minerals and nutrients by repetitive agricultural tasks along with the higher doses of agro chemicals affect the health of the soil and hamper the growth of the plants. Its health status needs to be regularly evaluated for understanding the magnitude of the available nutrients to plants in soil. To understand this important health status of soil, a study was conducted in Ludhiana District in Punjab for testing the soil samples for all its important parameters in rice growing fields. Four samples sites as Site 1- Dhande village, Machchhiwara Block,, Site 2-Ghuman village, Sudhar Block, Site 3- Nizampur village, Khanna Block and Site 4- Selioni village, Jagraon were taken for the study. There were fourteen parameters tested in soil samples comprising of primary macro-nutrients (Nitrogen-N, Phosphorus- P, and Potassium-K), secondary macro-nutrients (Sulfur-S, Magnesium - Mg, and Calcium - Ca), and micronutrients (Iron -Fe, Manganese - Mn, Zinc - Zn, Copper - Cu, Molybdenum - Mo, Boron - B, Chlorine - Cl and Cobalt - Co)along with soil pH, Electric Conductivity (EC) and Soil Moisture.
Ensuring the security and balancing the load in the cloud computing by DCRI-RI hybrid method
Authors: Abraham Abin T , Fredrik E. J. Thomson 
Published: May 2022

In the cloud environment, the confidentiality of data is improved by protecting the cloud data from unauthorized user access. During data communication, the balancing of load across cloud servers helps to maintain the cloud service's reliability. Through intrusion detection, the performance of secured data communication is enhanced in a significant way. Some techniques were developed in the field of cloud computing to provide secure communication between the cloud server and cloud user. These developed techniques failed to improve the security and load balancing efficiency simultaneously during the data transmission on a cloud. There is no sufficient algorithm in the present situation to detect the intrusions and to provide improved results in the load balancing. In this research work we propose a novel "Dynamic Certificateless Random Identity (DCRI)" algorithm for ensuring cloud security and a "Rank-Indexing (RI)" algorithm based on weightage for load balancing. Our proposed DCRI-RI hybrid method will ensure a better rate of intrusion detection with higher load balancing efficiency. The DCRI algorithm is relied on a cryptographic concept based on advanced encryption and decryption signature authentication process performed on both cloud server and user end to detect and remove the unauthorized users in a significant way.
Influence of different concentrations of Silymarin and steps of freezing on frozen semen properties of Holstein Bulls born in Iraq
Authors: Ali Jaafar Salman , Hussain Souhayla Oneeis , George Riyath 
Published: May 2022

To explore the effect of silymarin on bull spermatozoa during cooling and cryopreservation. Semen was collected by artificial vagina from Holstein bulls born in Iraq and diluted by Tris-Citrate-Fructose egg yolk diluents. Diluted spermatozoa were treated with silymarin (0.018 mg/50ml, 0.027 mg/50ml, 0.036 mg/50ml), and packaged in 0.25 ml straws, which were further cooled to 5°C before freezing in liquid nitrogen. Thawing was carried out at 37°C for 30 sec, and the progressive motility%, dead%, abnormality% and acrosome integrity% were assessed, concentrations of addition to the control (0.0 mg/ml) reaching a final volume of 10 ml in each tube. The results proved after cooling and freezing, Individual motility% of sperm was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in T1 which differed significantly (p< 0.05) from T2 and T3 and all these values significantly (p< 0.05) different from control mean while values of dead sperm% show the lowest in T1 which is significantly (p< 0.05) different from control after cooling while after freezing lowest value in T1 and T2 and highest in T3 and control with significant (p<0.05) different. Abnormal sperm% was lowest in T1 after cooling with significant different(p< 0.05) from T2, T3 and control.
Matrix Listening; or, What and How We Can Learn from Historical Sound Recordings
Authors: Luker Morgan James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA matrix number is an alphanumeric code that is inscribed into the run-out area of commercially recorded gramophone discs. In this article, I argue that orienting our scholarly listening around matrix numbers—what I call “matrix listening”—can help us reframe our engagement with historical sound recordings as primary sources and thereby lend valuable insights into any number of scholarly questions. It can also help us revisit the issue of materiality in recorded sound specifically and music in general, approaching sound recordings not only as container technologies for “music” as a purified domain but as complexly agentive material things.
Some features of Squalls at Delhi
Authors: BHALOTRA Y. P. R. 
Published: May 2022

The paper contains a discussion on the local upper winds and the upper air temperatures and humidities on the days of squalls and the mechanism of squalls at Delhi. The direction of upper winds at various levels and in different months, which are favourable for the development of squalls have been stated, The correspondence between the direction of the upper winds at various levels and the direction of the following squall has also been given. An examination has been made of the relevant radiosonde data available from the routine ascents at New Delhi and the changes occurring in the upper air temperatures and humidities, prior to the passage of squalls, noted. Synoptic charts for the squally days have been studied in detail and the main factors responsible for the occurrence of squalls in different seasons, stated.
Representativeness of average rainfall from smaller number of stations over Damodar and Barakar catchments
Authors: MAJUMDAR K.C. , GANGOPAHYAYA M. 
Published: May 2022

Over the Damodar and Barakar catchment the weighted averages of rainfall calculated after Thiessen model is statistically found not to be significantly different from the simple arithmetic averages. The simple average calculated from a randomly chose Smaller number of stations is found to be statistically representative of the average rainfall calculated by using all stations. The confidence limits to the true mean have also been calculated.
A study on the Floods in West Bengal and West Uttar Pradesh during September-October 1956
Authors: BOSE U.K. 
Published: May 2022

In connection with the study of extensive floods during September and October 1956 in West Bengal and parts of Uttar Pradesh, old records of rainfall dating from 1891 were examined. Several periods of heavy rainfall during the period, end of September to beginning of October, were found. Detailed examination of the district rainfall, with the help of standard deviation and coefficient of variation of daily rainfall during the chosen period revealed considerable variability within the district. One case (1922) has been studied further by considering the isohyets during the period of heavy rainfall. In the case of Jamuna Floods a few self-recording rain gauges in the mountainous catchment were used to prepare the intensity-pattern. These on comparison with the hydrograph at Tajewala show striking characteristics. Delhi self, recording raingauge records and Jamuna Bridge river gauge records; have also been examined. It is concluded from the above studies that the heavy rainfalls towards the end of September and early October 1966 were not absolutely unique. Cases of early occurrence of heavy rainfall during the same period are available, thus showing that heavy rainfall have occurred in the past during the period, end of September and early October when there were on atomic or thermo-nuclear explosions polluting the atmosphere, contrary to a popular view which seems to have gained ground that the heavy rainfalls are unique and direct result of atomic explosions.
Observations of spread echoes from the F layer over Kodaikanal-A preliminary study
Authors: BHARGAVA B.N. 
Published: May 2022

Occurrence of spread F echoes at Kodaikanal for a period of about one year has been analysed and diurnal and seasonal characteristics have been found to exist in the frequency of occurrence of these echoes. It has been found that the phenomenon occurs only during night-time with largest frequency between 1900 and 0400 hrs local time, While the seasonal variation is characterised by equinoctial maxima as in the case of geomagnetic activity. the day-today variations in scattering indicate a negative correlation with the degree of magnetic activity. Thus. scattering persists for largest percentage of time during comparatively quiet periods and is often altogether absent on magnetically stormy nights. The phenomenon is discussed in relation to ionospheric irregularities and radio-star scintillation.
Critical discussion on dialogic engagement and various researcher positions in research concerning co-creation and co-production
Authors: Bager Ann Starbæk , Hersted Lone , Ness Ottar 
Published: May 2022

In this article, we introduce volume two of our themed issue on co-creation and co-production and discuss various basic assumptions related to collaborative research. In collaborative studies in general, dialogue is often highlighted as an important process element with important implications for empowerment for those involved. However, the underlying understandings and implications of dialogic practice are seldom examined in depth. We raise a critical reflexive discussion on different approaches to dialogic engagement and present four high-level discourses guiding organizational scholarship to discuss crucial differences and similarities. Moreover, we outline seven researcher ideal types that reflect diverse degrees of dialogic engagement. Our aspiration is to provide useful insights, models, and questions that can guide participatory scholars in fostering critical awareness of their own position and the sometimes taken-for-granted assumptions guiding their studies.
Cloud Computing and Docker Containerization: A Survey
Authors: Liao Weidong , Draper Jesse 
Published: May 2022

Business today has gradually moved the cloud and serverless computing has become a trend for IT services. With current cloud computing offerings, businesses in nearly any market segment perform at levels once only accessible to multimillion dollar companies. In addition to putting advanced infrastructure and applications within reach of all companies, cloud computing utilizes a payment structure where utility companies have adopted in the very beginning: you pay only for what you use. Cloud Computing is more cost effective and provides better flexibility and scalability. It is ideal for companies such as online stores who need to serve significantly more customers in Thanksgiving shopping season compared to regular season. Traditionally, cloud computing service providers rely on virtualization, a technique to create virtual servers and computing resources on a single hardware set, to provide a variety of services for customers. The heavy virtualization has led to the newer architectural approach to create cloud application: Microservices. In Microservices architecture, cloud application is built as a set of services. Each service can be developed, tested and deployed independently. Containerization is one of the enabling techniques in Microservices architecture and Docker is one of the leading implementations of containerization. This poster presents a survey of Docker containerization.
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning with Tensorflow
Authors: Liao Weidong , Anthony Parker , Parrett Levi , Guzide Osman 
Published: May 2022

As the computational problems become more and more complex, researchers and developers turn to artificial intelligence and machine learning for feasible and accessible solutions. In this poster, we present our research with a look at the traditional artificial intelligence and more recent deep learning. In addition, we discuss our experience in using Tensorflow, a widespread deep neural network package. At last, we describe our experience using Keras, a high-level software library designed to run on top of TensorFlow to allow fast experimentation and TensorFlow.js, a TensorFlow library in Javascript to allow Web based machine learning platform.
Temporal variability in extractable manganese concentrations in air-dry and field-moist soil.
Authors: Cameron Daniel , O'Dell David 
Published: May 2022

When soils are removed from the field and processed for laboratory studies, changes in chemical properties may occur. Field-moist soil (approximately 40 percent water on an air-dry basis) was collected and passed through a 2 mm screen. After thorough mixing, half the soil was air dried (approximately 3 percent moisture). Samples were further divided with half of the field-moist and air-dried soil stored at room temperature and the other half stored in a refrigerator at 5 °C. Quadruplicate samples of each soil were analyzed at one-week intervals by extracting the equivalent of 10 grams of oven-dry soil with 20 mL of 0.01 M CaCl2 for 48 h followed by analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Preliminary results showed no significant difference between refrigerated and room-temperature soil manganese concentrations, but differences between air-dry and field-moist soil manganese concentrations were observed. Air-dried soil exhibited higher extractable manganese, even when accounting for the dilution effect of the soil moisture. This indicates the difference is due to changes in the soil solution thermodynamics rather than to dilution of a highly soluble manganese salt by the higher soil moisture. Soil analysis will continue for a period of twelve weeks to examine the changes in extractable manganese for both moisture contents.
Incidence of B. burgdorferi in tick populations of Upshur County, West Virginia
Authors: Winters Michael T , Sal Melanie S , Bjorgo-Thorne Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2022

Lyme disease is the most wide-spread vector-borne disease in the eastern United States. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, that is transmitted by a tick vector, most commonly Ixodes scapularus. In this study, 400 ticks were collected from around Upshur county, West Virginia, and tested by PCR for the presence of B. burgdorferi DNA. Tick specimen belong to Ixodes scapularus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, or are unidentified. One unidentified sample, which tested positive for B. burgdorferi, has been tentatively identified as the new invasive Haemaphysalis longicorni. This is the first report of the Asian Longhorned Tick carrying B. burgdorferi in West Virginia. In the future, this ongoing project will expand its sampling techniques, as well as expand testing for the presence of other possible tick-borne diseases in collected samples.
Effects of Sargassum amendment in soil health parameters in a West Virginia agricultural soil
Authors: Dilly Sommer , Esquilin Aida Jimenez 
Published: May 2022

Since 2011, coastal towns all over the Caribbean Sea have experienced massive rafts of Sargassum accumulation along their beaches with the worst episode on record in 2018. This accumulation results in ecological problems such as trapping and suffocating ocean life and leads to odor pollution due to decomposition. This invasive brown seaweed, which is now becoming the new normal, also presents an economic problem as it negatively affects the tourism economy of these nations. We posed the question: Can the Sargassum seaweed be recovered on the shore and reutilized to improve soil health? We hypothesized that the partially decomposed Sargassum can be dried and used as a successful source of carbon and nitrogen to stimulate the soil microbial community, which in turn helps plant growth. We amended soil from a West Virginia garden with differing amounts of dried Sargassum seaweed (0%, 25%, and 50%) and assessed soil respiration and protease activity as a measure of soil C and N dynamics, respectively, at two-time intervals (12 and 28 hours). We found that soils without amendment showed statistically significant lower respiration (p=0.002) and protease activities (p<0.001) compared to Sargassum amendments. The 50% amendment showed the highest increase in both parameters. Increased soil respiration relates to higher microbial activity, and increased protease activity relates to an increase in N availability. We discuss the potential for this amendment to help ameliorate N limitation and plant growth. Overall, these results show that Sargassum could be reused as a promising fertilizer and warrant further study.
And Yet They Persisted: Early Evaluation of the First2 Network
Authors: Howley Caitlin 
Published: May 2022

The first two years of an undergraduate student’s STEM program of study are particularly treacherous, with roughly half of STEM majors switching to other fields or dropping out entirely after their sophomore year. Moreover, attending a rural high school that was unable to offer higher-level math courses and being a first-generation college student further increase the likelihood of STEM attrition. This presentation will feature early evaluation results from the First2 Network’s first 18 months of operation. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the First2 Network is a collective impact effort to improve STEM persistence among rural, first-generation college students in West Virginia. With students themselves as co-creators of solutions to problems of persistence, core Network activities include iterative testing of improvements to practice, development of a statewide network to support student success, and capacity building to ensure sustainability. Study methods include surveys and interviews, observation of Network activities, document review, social network analysis, and tracking of student progress. Key findings suggest rapid Network expansion, establishment of core processes to support workgroups, provision of Network-wide training in improvement science, and successful facilitation of four summer immersive research experiences for targeted students. Early outcomes include statistically significant improvements in students’ STEM efficacy and STEM identity following summer immersive experiences, and improved survey scores indicating progress through iterative testing cycles. Early persistence data from participating students will be available by the time of the conference. The First2 Network is supported by National Science Foundation INCLUDES Award Nos. 1834595, 1834586, 1834601, 183457, and 1834569.
The role of pilD in Francisella tularensis susceptibility to resazomycins.
Authors: Weekley Daron Marshall , Pancake Jacob , Hickman Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

The CDC classifies Francisella tularensis as a Category A bioterrorism agent. If used during a terror attack, the inhalation of a single F. tularensis bacterium can cause the fatal disease tularemia. Due to the potential release of antibiotic-resistant F. tularensis strains, new therapeutics against F. tularensis must be developed. Resazomycins are resazurin-based compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity against F. tularensis as well as other Gram-negative bacteria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea. The mode of action of these antibiotics is not understood. To identify potential targets of resazomycins, we selected for mutants of F. tularensis that were capable of growing in the presence of 20x the minimal inhibitory concentration of resazurin (Rz). Approximately 50% of these Rz-resistant F. tularensis isolates had a mutation in the genes FTL_0959 (pilD) and FTL_1306 (dipA). In F. tularensis, pilD encodes for the cytoplasmic membrane peptidase responsible for processing the prepilin subunits in type IV pilin assembly proteins. To investigate the role of pilD in Rz susceptibility, we generated a pilD disruption mutant in wild-type F. tularensis and tested its sensitivity to Rz. In preliminary experiments, growth of the pilD disruption mutant is inhibited by Rz, although to a lesser degree than wild-type LVS suggesting pilD may play a minor role in resazomycin susceptibility. We are currently working to generate a complementation construct to express wild-type pilD in select Rz-resistant Ft mutants to further investigate the role of this gene in Rz susceptibility.
Dominance in Female Crested Geckos (Correlophus ciliates)
Authors: Schaefer Makayla Alexandra , Wetzel Haley , Skalican Kinsey , Johanson Sarah , Loughman Zachary 
Published: May 2022

Correlophus ciliatus (Crested Geckos) are a gecko species found in the pet trade and in zoological institutions. Native to New Caledonia and once thought to be extinct, C. ciliatus now thrive in human care due to husbandry and subsequent ease of breeding in managed facilities. There are multiple discrepancies in best practices of how to properly house C. ciliatus, specifically females. It is commonly known that males are aggressive towards one another, and it is common practice to house females together in one enclosure to their perceived lack of aggression towards conspecifics. In an effort to increase welfare for female C. ciliatus, we conducted an ethnographic analysis of female C. ciliatus cohabitated in human care. We placed two sets of three female C. ciliatus in a vivarium, videoed each respective cohort of females for 60 days, defined behaviors, and attempted to determine if dominance behavior were exhibited by females through ethnographic analysis. Chi-Square tests were used to determine if any identified behaviors occurred more frequently than others for each respective female and also what zone did we see the most aggressive behaviors in the enclosure. In each set, we found that there was one dominant female with two submissive conspecifics.
West Virginia University Herbarium Digitization Projects
Authors: Ford-Werntz Donna , Sheik Matthew , Huebner Cynthia 
Published: May 2022

This poster summarizes three recent digitization projects at the WVU Herbarium. The NSF “Keys to the Cabinet” digitizing and georeferencing grant, targeting botanical specimens from across the southeastern U.S., concluded at the WVU Herbarium in June 2019. More than 92,000 plant collections in 223 families, 1314 genera and 4639 species from the 12-state region were imaged and uploaded to the SERNEC portal. With the end of this grant, the WVU Herbarium began work on two new projects. A multi-year U.S. Forest Service contract was funded to support student labor for invasive plant research. The initial semesters of this project involved transcribing label data from WVU Herbarium records worldwide for seven species. Current work is focused on images from the iDigBio portal: Arthraxon hispidus and Polygonum caespitosum are completed; Glechoma hederacea and Stellaria media are ongoing. The final project is a 3-year NSF Pteridophyte Collections Consortium grant. Funding is distributed among nine research centers to digitize fern herbarium specimens and fossils. The WVU Herbarium is participating through a data hub at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. More than 8500 WVU Herbarium fern collections have been imaged and will be linked to specimen label information at the award website. These three projects demonstrate a sampling of digitization foci in taxonomy, floristics, and ecology.