bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and lymphoid neoplasms: A review of malignancy management, and propositions of practical recommendations
Authors: Nicol Christophe , Pan‐Petesch Brigitte , Ianotto Jean‐Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcquired von Willebrand syndrome (AWS) is a rare and potentially life‐threatening bleeding disorder. AWS is primarily associated with lymphocyte‐related disorders (AWS‐LRD), such as lymphoma and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and plasmocyte‐related disorders (AWS‐PRD), such as non‐IgM MGUS and myeloma. Symptomatic treatments are important to control and prevent bleeding, but AWS‐LRD and AWS‐PRD can only be cured by targeting the responsible clonal cell. No reviews exist on this specific subgroup of AWS.AimWe performed a literature review to help manage these rare cases.MethodThirty‐two AWS‐PRD and 43 AWS‐LRD cases with data on malignancy treatment were reported in 56 articles from the Medline database.ResultsLRDs were exclusively indolent and primarily associated with IgM monoclonal compounds. LRDs and PRDs may be treated because of severe bleeding symptoms, but severe VWF deficiency did not necessarily correlate with severe bleeding. Immunosuppressive drugs in AWS‐PRD, including rituximab, provided an overall response rate of AWS (AWS‐ORR) of 30% (3/10), including short responses. Anti‐myeloma drugs provided an AWS‐ORR of 71.4% (20/28), with long‐lasting remissions. Bortezomib was the most commonly used drug and provided an AWS‐ORR of 66.7% (6/9), including therapeutic associations with other anti‐myeloma drugs. Autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in eight and two patients, respectively, and some details on the management of AWS during these procedures were provided. Rituximab in AWS‐LRD provided an AWS‐ORR of 60% (3/5), and a chemotherapy + rituximab regimen increased the AWS‐ORR to above 50%. Bleeding syndrome in AWS‐PRD and AWS‐LRD generally improved prior to AWS biological improvement.ConclusionLong term remission of AWS due to lymphoid neoplasms is attainable by treating the underlying clonal cell. Some data and recommendations are provided to help answer difficult questions, including treatment timing, choice of drug, and the timing of evaluations and treatment changes.
Treatment of acute exacerbations of trigeminal neuralgia in the emergency department: A retrospective case series
Authors: Pinto Maria João , Gomes Alexandra , Pinto Madalena , Abreu Pedro , Costa Andreia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the response to treatment of acute trigeminal neuralgia (TN) exacerbations in the emergency department (ED).BackgroundTN is characterized by recurrent and intense pain paroxysms. Some patients experience severe acute exacerbations requiring ED presentation. The optimal management of these episodes is not well established.MethodsWe present a case series of TN exacerbations in adults who presented to the ED of a tertiary center from January 2008 to December 2020. We analyzed demographic and clinical data, including pharmacological management in the ED. The primary outcome was pain relief, classified into “no relief,” “partial relief,” and “satisfactory relief” based on the qualitative description in the ED's records.ResultsUltimately 197 crisis episodes corresponding to 140 patients were included. Most were women (61%, 121/197) with a median age of 63 years (interquartile range: 52–73). Acute TN exacerbations were treated with opioids in 78% (108/139) of crisis episodes, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in 42% (58/139), corticosteroids in 21% (29/139), intravenous phenytoin in 18% (25/139), and intravenous lidocaine in 6% (8/139). Of the 108 cases treated with opioids, 78 (72%) required additional drugs for pain management. Intravenous phenytoin allowed satisfactory pain relief in 64% of cases.ConclusionIn our sample, opioids were the most used therapeutic approach in acute TN exacerbations despite their low efficacy and subsequent need for further drug treatment in most cases. Most crisis episodes managed with intravenous phenytoin reached total pain relief. Prospective studies are needed to guide the treatment of acute exacerbations of TN.
A single arm prospective feasibility study evaluating wound closure with a unique wearable device that provides intermittent plantar compression and offloading in the treatment of non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Glat Paul M. , Galiano Robert D. , Rasor Zachary L , Isaac Adam , Carter Marissa , Zelen Charles M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe incidence and economic burden of diabetic foot ulcers continues to rise throughout the world. In this prospective study, a unique device designed to offload the wound, enhance circulation and monitor patient compliance was evaluated for safety and efficacy. The device provides offloading and intermittent plantar compression to improve the pedal flow of oxygenated blood and support wound healing while recording patient use. Ten patients with non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers UTgrade 1A/Wagner grade 1 were treated weekly for up to 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was complete wound closure at 12 weeks, and secondary endpoints included healing time, percent area reduction and changes in pain using the visual analogue pain scale. Eight out of ten wounds healed within 12 weeks(80%), and the mean healing time was 41 days(95% CI:24.3–58.3). The percent area reduction was 75(SD:53.9). The baseline visual analogue pain scale was 4.5(2.9) as compared with 3.3(3.4) at end of study. No device‐related or serious adverse events were reported. This unique intermediate plantar compression and offloading device may be considered as an alternative for safe and effective for treatment of non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers. During treatment, wound healing was significantly accelerated, and pain was improved. Larger randomised controlled trials are underway to validate these early findings.
Characterization of the stress distribution and evolution inside a thermal barrier coating after initial thermal cycles
Authors: Wang Zong , Zhang Yanheng , Wang Shuo , Wang Zhiyong , Qiu Wei , Qu Chuanyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe residual stress introduced inside a thermal barrier coating (TBC) during manufacturing and service processes is one of the main causes of thermal barrier failure. The formation and evolution of internal stress in the TBC begin at the early stage of service, but studies on the mechanism of the distribution and evolution of the stress in the TBC during the initial thermal cycle are still lacking. To explore the evolution mechanism of the stress in the TBC interior, an experimental study on the regulation mechanism of the initial thermal cycle on the TBC internal stress was carried out in this paper. First, the internal stress of TBC specimens after thermal cycles was characterized based on photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) technologies, in which the homogenization of the near‐interface stress field was observed during the initial thermal cycle. Then, the evolution of the microstructure and phase structure of the TBC specimens was characterized. Finally, the phenomenological model of the evolution of the TBC internal structure was established, revealing that the initial thermal cycle regulated the microstructure of the top coating (TC) through phase transformation to realize the homogenization of the near‐interface stress field.
Prevalence, genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urban environments
Authors: Ababneh Qutaiba , Abu Laila Sally , Jaradat Ziad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aim
Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial pathogen that has been isolated from different clinical sources. This pathogen also causes community-acquired infections, with mortality rates as high as 64%. The exact natural habitat of this bacterium is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of A. baumannii in diverse soil and high-touch surface samples collected from a university campus, malls, parks, hypermarkets and produce markets, roundabout playground slides and bank ATMs.

Methods and Results
All obtained isolates were characterized for their antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation capacities, and were typed by multi-locus sequence analysis. A total of 63 A. baumannii isolates were recovered, along with 46 Acinetobacter pittii and 8 Acinetobacter nosocomialis isolates. Sequence typing revealed that 25 A. baumannii isolates are novel strains. Toilets and sink washing basins were the most contaminated surfaces, accounting for almost 50% of the isolates. A number of A. baumannii (n = 10), A. pittii (n = 19) and A. nosocomialis (n = 5) isolates were recovered from handles of shopping carts and baskets. The majority of isolates were strong biofilm formers and 4 isolates exhibited a multi-drug resistant phenotype.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to highlight community restrooms and shopping carts as potential reservoirs for pathogenic Acinetobacter species. Further studies are required to identify the reasons associated with the occurrence of A. baumannii inside restrooms. Proper disinfection of community environmental surfaces and spreading awareness about the importance of hand hygiene may prevent the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria within the community.

Significance and Impact of the study
Serious gaps remain in our knowledge of how A. baumannii spreads to cause disease. This study will advance our understanding of how this pathogen spreads between healthcare and community environments. In addition, our findings will help healthcare decision-makers implement better measures to control and limit further transmission of A. baumannii.
Rib cortical bone thickness variation in adults by age and sex
Authors: Holcombe Sven A. , Derstine Brian A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRib fractures are a common and serious outcome of blunt thoracic trauma and their likelihood is greater in older individuals. Osteoporotic bone loss is a well‐documented aging phenomenon with sex‐specific characteristics, but within rib bones, neither baseline maps of regional thickness nor the rates of bone thinning with age have been quantified across whole ribs. This study presents such data from 4014 ribs of 240 adult subjects aged 20–90. A validated cortical bone mapping technique was applied to clinical computed tomography scans to obtain local rib cortical bone thickness measurements over the surfaces of ribs 2 through 11. Regression models to age and sex gave rates of cortex thinning in local zones and aggregated across whole ribs. The statistical parametric mapping provided these relationships regionally as a function of rib surface location. All models showed significant reductions in bone thickness with age (p < 0.01). Average whole‐rib thinning occurred at between 0.011 to 0.032 mm/decade (males) and 0.035 to 0.043 mm/decade (females), with sex and age accounting for up to 37% of population variability (R2). Rates of thinning differed regionally and by rib, with the highest bone loss of up to 0.074 mm/decade occurring in mid‐rib cutaneous and superior regions of ribs 2–6. Rates were consistently higher in females than males (significantly so across whole ribs but not all local regions) and were more pronounced in cutaneous, superior, and inferior rib aspects (average 0.025 mm/decade difference in ribs 4–8) compared to pleural aspects which had the thickest cortices but saw only minor differences in thinning rates by sex (0.045 mm/decade for females and 0.040 mm/decade for males). Regional analysis showed male and female bone thickness differences that were not statistically significant at 20 years of age (p > 0.05 across practically all regions) but subsequent cortex thinning meant that substantial pleural and cutaneous regions were thinner (p < 0.05) in females than males by 55 years of age. The techniques and results from this study can be applied to assess rib bone content loss in clinical settings across wide populations. Additionally, average cortex thickness results can be mapped directly to finite element models of the thorax, and regression results are used to modify such models to represent the ribs of men and women across their full adult lifespan.
Stress behavior of an anterior single implant restored with high‐performance polymer abutments under immediate and delayed loading: A 3D FEA study
Authors: Diken Turksayar Almira Ada , Donmez Mustafa Borga 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the stress generated on peripheral bone, implant, and prosthetic components while using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) hybrid abutments in two different loading situations with nonlinear 3D finite element analysis.Materials and methodsStandard tessellation language (STL) files of original components were used for the in‐silico modeling of implant, standard titanium abutment, and hybrid abutments (PEEK and PEKK). The implant was placed in the bone block to imitate immediate loading, in which a friction coefficient of 0.3 was set between the bone and the implant interface, or delayed loading, where the bone‐implant interface was assumed to be perfect. In all models, both a horizontal force (25.5 N) and a 30‐degree oblique force (178 N) were applied to the long axis of the implant to the palatal surface of the restoration. The stress distribution was evaluated.ResultsWhile more stress was observed in the prosthetic structures in the PEEK and PEKK models, the stresses on the implant and bone were similar in all models, regardless of the loading situation. Under immediate loading, PEEK hybrid abutments caused excessive stress accumulation on the titanium base abutment.ConclusionsEven though abutment type did not affect the stresses on peripheral bone, PEEK and PEKK abutments generated greater stresses on the implant and the standard titanium abutment accumulated higher stresses. Oblique forces mostly generated greater stress than horizontal forces. Oblique forces on an immediately loaded implant led to stresses higher than the yield strength of a titanium implant when restored with PEEK hybrid abutment.
Effectiveness of Interventions for English Learners with Word Reading Difficulties: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Solari Emily J. , Kehoe Karen F. , Cho Eunsoo , Hall Colby , Vargas Isabel , Dahl‐Leonard Katlynn , Richmond Cassidi L. , Henry Alyssa R. , Cook Lysandra , Hayes Latisha , Conner Carlin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study meta‐analyzed the last four decades (1980–2020) of reading intervention research focused on improving reading outcomes for English language (EL) students in Grades K–5 with or at risk for word reading difficulties. Experimental and quasi‐experimental group design and single‐case experimental design (SCED) studies were included; 10 group design and 7 SCED studies met inclusion criteria (m = 61; total student N = 2,270). Visual inspection of the effect size distribution revealed that the assumption of between‐study heterogeneity was not supported; therefore, the findings were synthesized for SCED studies separately from those reported in group design studies. Implications for practice, policy, and future research are discussed.
Interferon‐based treatment of chronic hepatitis D
Authors: Sandmann Lisa , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTreatment of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection has been based on the administration of interferon‐alfa for more than three decades. First studies to treat HDV‐infected patients with type 1 interferons were already performed in the 1980s. Several smaller trials and case series were reported thereafter. During the mid 2000s the use of pegylated interferons for hepatitis D was established. Since then, additional trials were performed in different countries exploring strategies to personalize treatment including extended treatment durations. The overall findings were that about one‐quarter to one‐third of patients benefit from interferon treatment with persistent suppression of HDV replication. However, only few patients achieve also functional cure of hepatitis B with HBsAg loss. Importantly, several studies indicate that successful interferon treatment is associated with improved clinical long‐term outcomes. Still, only a proportion of patients with hepatitis D can be treated with interferons. Even though alternative treatments are currently developed, it is likely that pegylated interferon‐alfa will still have an important role in the management of hepatitis D – either alone or in combination. Therefore, better biomarkers are needed to select patients with a high likelihood to benefit from interferon‐based treatments. In this review we are discussing basic principles of mode of action of interferon alpha against HDV, summarize previous data on interferon treatment of hepatitis D and give an outlook on potential combinations with novel drugs currently in development.
Association between parasite microbiomes and caste development and colony structure in a social trematode
Authors: Jorge Fátima , Dheilly Nolwenn M. , Froissard Céline , Poulin Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDivision of labour through the formation of morphologically and functionally distinct castes is a recurring theme in the evolution of animal sociality. The mechanisms driving the differentiation of individuals into distinct castes remain poorly understood, especially for animals forming clonal colonies. We test the association between microbiomes and caste formation within the social trematode Philophthalmus attenuatus, using a metabarcoding approach targeting the bacterial 16S SSU rRNA gene. Clonal colonies of this trematode within snail hosts comprise large reproductive individuals which produce dispersal stages, and small, non‐reproducing soldiers which defend the colony against invaders. In colonies extracted directly from field‐collected snails, reproductives harboured more diverse bacterial communities than soldiers, and reproductives and soldiers harboured distinct bacterial communities, at all taxonomic levels considered. No single bacterial taxon showed high enough prevalence in either soldiers or reproductives to be singled out as a key driver, indicating that the whole microbial community contributes to these differences. Other colonies were experimentally exposed to antibiotics to alter their bacterial communities, and sampled shortly after treatment and weeks later after allowing for turnover of colony members. At those time points, bacterial communities of the two castes still differed across all antibiotic treatments; however, the caste ratio within colonies changed: after antibiotic disruption and turnover of individuals, new individuals were more likely to become reproductives than in undisturbed control colonies. Our results reveal that each caste has a distinct microbiome; whether the social context affects the microbiota, or whether microbes contribute to modulating the phenotype of individuals, remains to be determined.
Epitranscriptomic mRNA modifications governing plant stress responses: underlying mechanism and potential application
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Cai Jing , Xu Tao , Kang Hunseung 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPlants inevitably encounter environmental adversities, including abiotic and biotic stresses, which significantly impede plant growth and reduce crop yield. Thus, fine‐tuning the fate and function of stress‐responsive RNAs is indispensable for plant survival under such adverse conditions. Recently, post‐transcriptional RNA modifications have been studied as a potent route to regulate plant gene expression under stress. Among over 160 mRNA modifications identified to date, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNAs is notable because of its multifaceted roles in plant development and stress response. Recent transcriptome‐wide mapping has revealed the distribution and patterns of m6A in diverse stress‐responsive mRNAs in plants, building a foundation for elucidating the molecular link between m6A and stress response. Moreover, the identification and characterization of m6A writers, readers and erasers in Arabidopsis and other model crops have offered insights into the biological roles of m6A in plant abiotic stress responses. Here, we review the recent progress of research on mRNA modifications, particularly m6A, and their dynamics, distribution, regulation and biological functions in plant stress responses. Further, we posit potential strategies for breeding stress‐tolerant crops by engineering mRNA modifications and propose the future direction of research on RNA modifications to gain a much deeper understanding of plant stress biology.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria in Ionic Environments Using the Photosensitizer SAPYR and the Chelator Citrate†
Authors: Eckl Daniel B. , Landgraf Nicole , Hoffmann Anja K. , Eichner Anja , Huber Harald , Bäumler Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTMany studies show that photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a powerful tool for the fight against pathogenic, multiresistant bacteria and the closing of hygiene gaps. However, PDI studies have been frequently performed under standardized in vitro conditions comprising artificial laboratory settings. Under real‐life conditions, however, PDI encounters substances like ions, proteins, amino acids and fatty acids, potentially hampering the efficacy of PDI to an unpredictable extent. Thus, we investigated PDI with the phenalene‐1‐one‐based photosensitizer SAPYR against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of calcium or magnesium ions, which are ubiquitous in potential fields of PDI applications like in tap water or on tissue surfaces. The addition of citrate should elucidate the potential as a chelator. The results indicate that PDI is clearly affected by such ubiquitous ions depending on its concentration and the type of bacteria. The application of citrate enhanced PDI, especially for Gram‐negative bacteria at certain ionic concentrations (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2: 7.5 to 75 mmol L−1). Citrate also improved PDI efficacy in tap water (especially for Gram‐negative bacteria) and synthetic sweat solution (especially for Gram‐positive bacteria). In conclusion, the use of chelating agents like citrate may facilitate the application of PDI under real‐life conditions.
“It Wasn't Like a Big Light Bulb Moment”: Factors that Contribute to Changing Minds on Climate Change
Authors: Haltinner Kristin , Sarathchandra Dilshani , Ziegler Amber , Stuart Randolph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article uses interview data with people who were once skeptical about climate change but have come to accept climate science to assess the factors that contribute to their shifts in perspectives. Our findings show two trajectories of change for skeptics, depending on the nature of their skepticism. For those who move from actively denying climate change, shifting beliefs about climate change occur via a profound need to reconcile what emerges as cognitive dissonance due to challenges to their religious identities. For skeptics who move from being unsure about climate change, moving to accept climate science happens through either encountering new information from a trusted source or personally observing the effects of climate change. This extends existing scholarship on the factors that contribute to changing minds on climate change.