bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthropod fauna of Thymelaea hirsuta in the Egyptian western desert, with a special reference to Olpium kochi
Authors: Hegazy Esmat , Khafagi Wedad , Agamy Essam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Natural and semi-natural ecosystems in the Egyptian Western Desert are in serious danger of being degraded or lost through overgrazing, and overcutting of dominant vegetation, shrubs and trees and tourism activities. The study shows the effect of Man's use during 1990 and recently in 2018 led to desertification.

Results
Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) (Thymelaeceae) was an important component (shrubs) in the natural ecosystems of the Egyptian Western Desert that harbors rich arthropod fauna all the year around. The spiders, pesudocorions (Arachnida: Araneae), and insects associated with this shrub were monthly sampled in 1990 at two different protected sites. One is on a very nice coastal ridge, semi-arid site, and the other is in the inland depression, arid site. The sites had distinctive characteristic of populations of non-insect predatory arthropods responding to habitat characteristics. The insects, spiders and pseudoscorpions occurred throughout the year in both sites. However, on the less arid site, the pronounced insect population occurred in winter months while the non-insect was relatively higher in summer months. On the more arid site, the highest insect population was in winter and the non-insect population was higher in autumn. The false-scorpion Olpium kochi Simon (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida, Olpiidae), a native rare predator to the Saharan fauna, was very common and its activity reflects its effective predatory role in both sites. In 2017–2018, several visits to the above sites showed that they were completely degraded and most of figs, olive, palm trees and dominant vegetations were removed. The survived shrub populations were very far from each other, sparse very low number and are very poor in arthropod fauna. Thus, several visits were essential to be paid just to collect enough numbers of O. kochi. The life-cycle of O. kochi is through egg-stage and three nymphal instars. There was no active feeding period by the end of each of these stages. Adults can live for 2–4 months. The developmental period takes 10 to 14 months/generation. Cannibalism tendency was among nymphs, but was very rare among fed or starved adults.

Conclusions
The study sites were seriously degraded with irreversible changes. The nice cost ridge was completely degraded and lost by removing the leading dominant vegetations and fruit trees and replacing building houses. Houses replaced most of the site in the inland depression for more desertification.
The phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris scavenges hydroxycinnamic acids in planta via the hca cluster to increase virulence on its host plant
Authors: Chen Bo , Li Rui-Fang , Zhou Lian , Song Kai , Poplawsky Alan R. , He Ya-Wen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot of cruciferous plants, which harbor high levels of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) in their above-ground parts. Thus, upon infection of the host plant, the pathogen experiences a complex cocktail of HCAs. The present study shows that Xcc can efficiently degrade the HCAs, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4-HCA), ferulic acid (FA) and sinapic acid (SiA), via an hca cluster which encodes putative genes for a 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA synthetase/4-HCA ligase HcaL, a benzaldehyde dehydrogenase HcaD, a 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/lyase HcaH and a member of the MarR-family of transcriptional factors, HcaR. Xcc also degrades the HCA caffeic acid, but with an alternative mechanism. RT-PCR and subsequent GUS assays show that the hca cluster is transcribed within a single operon, and its transcription is specifically induced by 4-HCA, FA and SiA. Furthermore, we show that HcaR negatively regulates hca transcription when its ligand, the proposed degradation pathway intermediate HCA-CoA, is not present. HcaR specifically binds to a 25-bp site, which encompasses the -10 elements of the hca promoter. Finally, GUS histochemical staining and subsequent quantitative analysis shows that the hca cluster is transcribed in planta during pathogenesis of Chinese radish, and hca deletion mutant strains exhibit compromised virulence in cabbage. Together, these results suggest that the ability to degrade HCAs contributes to Xcc virulence by facilitating its growth and spread, and by protecting the pathogen from HCA toxicity. A working model to explain Xcc HCA sensing and subsequent induction of the HCA degradation process is proposed.
Phase II Study of Nivolumab and Salvage Nivolumab/Ipilimumab in Treatment-Naive Patients With Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (HCRN GU16-260-Cohort A)
Authors: Atkins Michael B. , Jegede Opeyemi A. , Haas Naomi B. , McDermott David F. , Bilen Mehmet A. , Stein Mark , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Alter Robert , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Ornstein Moshe , Hurwitz Michael , Peace David J. , Signoretti Sabina , Denize Thomas , Cimadamore Alessia , Wu Catherine J. , Braun David , Einstein David , Catalano Paul J. , Hammers Hans 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE To determine the value of tumor cell programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as a predictive biomarker of nivolumab monotherapy efficacy in treatment-naive patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the efficacy of salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab in patients with tumors unresponsive to nivolumab monotherapy. METHODS Eligible patients with treatment-naive ccRCC received nivolumab until progressive disease (PD), toxicity, or completing 96 treatment weeks (part A). Patients with PD before or stable disease at 48 weeks could receive salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab (part B). The primary end point was improvement in 1-year progression-free survival in patients with tumor PD-L1 expression > 20% versus 0%. RESULTS One hundred twenty-three patients were enrolled. The objective response rate (ORR) was 34.1% (95% CI, 25.8 to 43.2). ORR by International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium category was favorable-risk 57.1%, intermediate-risk/poor-risk 25.0%, and by sarcomatoid features 36.4%. The ORR was 26.9%, 50.0%, and 75.0% for patients with the tumor PD-L1 expression of 0, 1-20, or > 20%, respectively (trend test P value = .002). The median duration of response was 27.6 (19.3 to not reached) months, with 26 of 42 responders including 17 of 20 with favorable-risk disease remaining progression-free. The 1-year progression-free survival was 34.6% and 75.0% in the PD-L1 = 0% and > 20% categories, respectively ( P = .050). Ninety-seven patients with PD or prolonged stable disease were potentially eligible for part B, and 35 were enrolled. The ORR for part B was 11.4%. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 35% of patients on nivolumab and 43% of those on salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab. CONCLUSION Nivolumab monotherapy is active in treatment-naive ccRCC. Although efficacy appears to be less than that of nivolumab/ipilimumab in patients with intermediate-risk/poor-risk disease, favorable-risk patients had notable benefit. Efficacy correlated with tumor PD-L1 status. Salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab was frequently not feasible and of limited benefit.
Presurgical Thalamus Volume in Postoperative Delirium: A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study in Older Patients
Authors: Fislage Marinus , Feinkohl Insa , Pischon Tobias , Spies Claudia D. , Borchers Friedrich , Winterer Georg , Zacharias Norman ,   on behalf of the BioCog Consortium
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Previous studies suggest a role of the thalamus in cognitive function, while others implicate it as a central effect site of anesthetics. Yet, its role in postoperative neurocognition in the aging brain remains uncertain. We used presurgical thalamic volume as a functional indicator and determined its association with postoperative delirium (POD).

METHODS:
For this study, 301 older adults (aged ≥65) without dementia and scheduled for surgery were enrolled. Before surgery, participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thalamus volume was segmented using Freesurfer (Version 5.3.). Participants were screened for POD twice a day until discharge or for a maximum of 7 days. POD was defined as a positive screening on ≥1 of 4 validated instruments: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), and Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) score. A logistic regression associated thalamus volume with POD with adjustment for age, global brain atrophy, and physical status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification.

RESULTS:
In this cohort, 44 participants (14.6%) were diagnosed with POD. Independently of age, global brain atrophy, and physical status score, a higher preoperative thalamus volume was associated with a reduced odds of POD (odds ratio per 1-cm3 increment; 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–0.92]; P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS:
A larger thalamus volume was associated with reduced odds of POD. Thus, the thalamus marks a region of interest in POD in the aging brain. These findings may help to understand the neuronal basis of POD.
“Buy-in”
Authors: Kilian Jon 
Published: April 2022

Apply It!
• Each client a health professional comes across fits into the Health Belief Model and Biopsychosocial model in their own specific way at that period in time; it is vital to identify and address potential barriers as soon as possible to optimize outcomes.
• Educating your client on the “why” can address each of the six constructs of the Health Belief Model and, therefore, may be the best strategy to begin to elicit behavioral change.
• The goal from the beginning of each client interaction should be to build rapport; this will be the basis on which any strategy used for behavioral change depends. To do so, connect, engage, and follow-through.
• Building culture is a long-term goal of the overall workplace; be exemplary, intentional, and consistent in your behaviors.
Management by Development of Human Capital in a Commercial Company
Authors: Borisov A. , Trofimova T. , Kuznecov A. 
Published: April 2022

The article summarizes the results conducted by an empirical sociological study on the management of human capital development in the commercial company North - Telecom. Methodical research tools are analyzed, the advantages of the selected methods, in particular, the deep interview. An analysis of the current situation in the company through the consideration of the organizational structure, personnel, gender composition of employees and their level of education is given. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the activities of the company's management of employees, adaptation, health and motivation, as well as working conditions. The main problems are identified in the process of managing the development of human capital. The article analyzes the practice of managing the development of human capital based on the results of the depth interview with the management of the company and the survey of full-time employees.
The essential novelty of this work of steel, developed by the authors managerial recommendations for improving the human capital management system, based on key indicators of human capital as education, health, employee motivation.
IMPLEMENTASI PENANAMAN NILAI KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN PADA SISWA DI SD UNGGULAN AISYIYAH BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fauziah Kongidatun Tri , Hidayah Nur 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Mendeskripsikan implementasi penanaman nilai karakter peduli lingkungan pada siswa. 2) Mendeskripsikan faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi penanaman nilai karakter peduli lingkungan pada siswa di SD Unggulan Aisyiyah Bantul Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru penanggung jawab program GeMeS, guru kelas dan siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 10 siswa. Objek penelitian ini adalah implementasi penanaman nilai karakter peduli lingkungan pada siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Model Miles dan Huberman yaitu tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Keabsan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber, dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi penanaman nilai karakter peduli lingkungan pada siswa di SD Unggulan Aisyiyah Bantul sudah dapat berjalan dengan baik karena sudah mampu menerapkan indikator yang diterbitkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional yaitu pembiasaan memelihara kebersihan danÂ kelestarian lingkungan, tersedia tempat pembuangan sampah, tempat cuci tangan, kamar mandi, pembiasaan hemat energi, melakukan pembiasaan memisahkan jenis sampah organik anorganik, menyediakan peralatan kebersihan, membuat tandon penyimpanan air, dan memogramkan cinta bersih lingkungan. Sedangkan faktor penghambat terdapat pada biaya sedangkan faktor pendukung terdapat pada semangat semua warga sekolah dan fasilitas yang ada disekolah.Â Â
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN SIKAP PADA PEMBELAJARAN STEM DENGAN MEDIA PERAHU BERTENAGA UAP DI KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sabillah Dena Sapna 
Published: April 2022

This research is a research study of attitudes assessment instruments on STEM Learning (science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) with steam-powered boat media in the V-class elementary school to support the 2013 curriculum in the face of real-life globalization challenges. This research is backed by several schools that have not developed an attitude assessment instrument on STEM learning. In addition, teachers assess student attitudes without the use of assessment instruments, so that teachers tend to judge the attitudes of students in subjectively. This research aims to develop and describe the design of an attitude assessment instrument that can be implemented in STEM learning. The research phase uses the Educational Design Research (EDR) method. This research presents 2 stages, namely 1) Analysis and Exploration, research in the early phase of the education design to analyze the needs and context of the problems contained in the field; 2) Design and Construction, at this stage done design and product development. The data collection techniques used in this study are literary studies, interviews, document analysis, and expert judgement. The results of this study confirm that the attitude assessment instruments on STEM Learning are needed in the 2013 curriculum to face the challenges of real life globalization. The resulting product is an attitude assessment rubric in STEM learning. The product is validated by several expert teams so that it is deemed worthy to be used as a form of blowing in the implementation of STEM learning in the primary school V class. Â Â
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS SENI RUPA TEKNIK MEMBENTUK MELALUI MEDIA SERBUK KAYU PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Annas Basirul , Khaq Mufikhul , Anjarini Titi 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas seni rupa teknik membentukÂ melalui penggunaan media serbuk kayu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri Ukirsari dengan jumlah 10 peserta didik. Objek penelitian yaitu kreativitas seni rupa teknik membentuk. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yaitu secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kreativitas seni rupa peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri Ukirsari mengalami peningkatan. Pada pra siklus, persentase rata-rata kreativitas peserta didik sebesar 41% dan jumlah siswa yang mendapat kategori baik tidak ada. Pada siklus I, persentase rata-rata kreativitas peserta didik meningkat sebesar 66% dan jumlah peserta didik yang mendapat kategori baik sebesar 40%. Pada siklus II, persentase rata-rata kreativitas seni rupa meningkat sebesar 81% dan jumlah peserta didik yang mendapat kategori baik sebesar 60% serta sangat baik sebesar 30% dari jumlah keseluruhan peserta didik dan telah memenuhi kriteria keberhasilan penelitian.
Interventions for Transition-Age Youth With Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis of Group Design Studies
Authors: Crowley Shannon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This meta-analytic review investigated interventions for transition-age youth diagnosed with autism, intellectual disability, or extensive support needs. Nineteen group design studies with 215 effect sizes met inclusion criteria. A robust variance estimation procedure that accounts for the clustering effect sizes within studies was used to synthesize effect sizes within each intervention and outcome type. Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy interventions have significant and positive effects on gross motor outcomes (g = 0.73, p &lt; 0.01). All remaining interventions and outcomes could not be synthesized due to a limited number of studies, but are further described in a narrative manner. Recommendations for future research include improving the methodological quality of intervention studies and further analyzing the effects of interventions for transition-age youth.
A longitudinal two-year survey of the prevalence of trypanosomes in domestic cattle in Ghana by massively parallel sequencing of barcoded amplicons
Authors: Ofori Jennifer Afua , Bakari Soale Majeed , Bah Saikou , Kolugu Michael Kojo , Aning George Kwame , Awandare Gordon Akanzuwine , Carrington Mark , Gwira Theresa Manful 
Published: April 2022

Background
Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is caused by a broad range of Trypanosoma spp., infecting both wild and domesticated animals through cyclical and mechanical transmission. This study aimed to characterize trypanosomes present in cattle at regular intervals over two years in an AAT endemic and a non-endemic region of Ghana.

Methodology/Principal findings
Groups of cattle at Accra and Adidome were selected based on their geographical location, tsetse fly density, prevalence of trypanosomiasis and the breed of cattle available. Blood for DNA extraction was collected at approximately four to five-week intervals over a two-year period. Trypanosome DNA were detected by a sensitive nested PCR targeting the tubulin gene array and massively parallel sequencing of barcoded amplicons. Analysis of the data was a semi-quantitative estimation of infection levels using read counts obtained from the sequencing as a proxy for infection levels. Majority of the cattle were infected with multiple species most of the time [190/259 (73%) at Adidome and 191/324 (59%) at Accra], with T. vivax being the most abundant. The level of infection and in particular T. vivax, was higher in Adidome, the location with a high density of tsetse flies. The infection level varied over the time course, the timings of this variation were not consistent and in Adidome it appeared to be independent of prophylactic treatment for trypanosome infection. Effect of gender or breed on infection levels was insignificant.

Conclusions/Significance
Most cattle were infected with low levels of several trypanosome species at both study sites, with T. vivax being the most abundant. The measurements of infection over time provided insight to the importance of the approach in identifying cattle that could suppress trypanosome infection over an extended time and may serve as reservoir.
Optimizing one-dose and two-dose cholera vaccine allocation in outbreak settings: A modeling study
Authors: Leung Tiffany , Eaton Julia , Matrajt Laura 
Published: April 2022

Background
A global stockpile of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was established in 2013 for use in outbreak response and are licensed as two-dose regimens. Vaccine availability, however, remains limited. Previous studies have found that a single dose of OCV may provide substantial protection against cholera.

Methods
Using a mathematical model with two age groups paired with optimization algorithms, we determine the optimal vaccination strategy with one and two doses of vaccine to minimize cumulative overall infections, symptomatic infections, and deaths. We explore counterfactual vaccination scenarios in three distinct settings: Maela, the largest refugee camp in Thailand, with high in- and out-migration; N’Djamena, Chad, a densely populated region; and Haiti, where departments are connected by rivers and roads.

Results
Over the short term under limited vaccine supply, the optimal strategies for all objectives prioritize one dose to the older age group (over five years old), irrespective of setting and level of vaccination coverage. As more vaccine becomes available, it is optimal to administer a second dose for long-term protection. With enough vaccine to cover the whole population with one dose, the optimal strategies can avert up to 30% to 90% of deaths and 36% to 92% of symptomatic infections across the three settings over one year. The one-dose optimal strategies can avert 1.2 to 1.8 times as many cases and deaths compared to the standard two-dose strategy.

Conclusions
In an outbreak setting, speedy vaccination campaigns with a single dose of OCV is likely to avert more cases and deaths than a two-dose pro-rata campaign under a limited vaccine supply.
Academic medicine’s glass ceiling: Author’s gender in top three medical research journals impacts probability of future publication success
Authors: Krstacic John E. , Carr Brendan M. , Yaligar Ashutosh R. , Kuruvilla Annet S. , Helali Joshua S. , Saragossi Jamie , Zhu Chencan , Hutnik Robert , Noubani Mohammad , Yang Jie , Tannous Henry J. , Shroyer A. Laurie W. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
In December 2017, Lancet called for gender inequality investigations. Holding other factors constant, trends over time for significant author (i.e., first, second, last or any of these authors) publications were examined for the three highest-impact medical research journals (i.e., New England Journal of Medicine [NEJM], Journal of the American Medical Association [JAMA], and Lancet).

Materials and methods
Using randomly sampled 2002-2019 MEDLINE original publications (n = 1,080; 20/year/journal), significant author-based and publication-based characteristics were extracted. Gender assignment used internet-based biographies, pronouns, first names, and photographs. Adjusting for author-specific characteristics and multiple publications per author, generalized estimating equations tested for first, second, and last significant author gender disparities.

Results
Compared to 37.23% of 2002 – 2019 U.S. medical school full-time faculty that were women, women’s first author publication rates (26.82% overall, 15.83% NEJM, 29.38% Lancet, and 35.39% JAMA; all p < 0.0001) were lower. No improvements over time occurred in women first authorship rates. Women first authors had lower Web of Science citation counts and co-authors/collaborating author counts, less frequently held M.D. or multiple doctoral-level degrees, less commonly published clinical trials or cardiovascular-related projects, but more commonly were North American-based and studied North American-based patients (all p < 0.05). Women second and last authors were similarly underrepresented. Compared to men, women first authors had lower multiple publication rates in these top journals (p < 0.001). Same gender first/last authors resulted in higher multiple publication rates within these top three journals (p < 0.001).

Discussion
Since 2002, this authorship “gender disparity chasm” has been tolerated across all these top medical research journals. Despite Lancet’s 2017 call to arms, furthermore, the author-based gender disparities have not changed for these top medical research journals - even in recent times. Co-author gender alignment may reduce future gender inequities, but this promising strategy requires further investigation.