bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powered knee and ankle prostheses enable natural ambulation on level ground and stairs for individuals with bilateral above-knee amputation: a case study
Authors: Hood Sarah , Creveling Suzi , Gabert Lukas , Tran Minh , Lenzi Tommaso 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmbulation with existing prostheses is extremely difficult for individuals with bilateral above-knee amputations. Commonly prescribed prostheses are passive devices that cannot replace the biomechanical functions of the missing biological legs. As a result, most individuals with bilateral above-knee amputations can only walk for short distances, have a high risk of falling, and are unable to ascend stairs with a natural gait pattern. Powered prostheses have the potential to address this issue by replicating the movements of the biological leg. Previous studies with individuals with bilateral above-knee amputations have shown that walking with powered prostheses is possible. However, stair ambulation requires different kinematics, kinetics, and power than walking. Therefore, it is not known whether powered prostheses can restore natural ambulation on stairs for bilateral above knee individuals. Here we show a case study with an individual with bilateral above-knee amputations using a pair of lightweight powered knee and ankle prostheses for walking and stair ambulation. The kinematic analysis shows that powered prostheses can restore natural leg movements, enabling the individual to walk and climb stairs using different gait patterns, such as step-over-step or step-by-step, one step or two steps at a time. The kinetic analysis shows that the powered prostheses can restore natural ankle push-off in walking and positive knee power generation in stair ascent, which are fundamental biomechanical functions of the missing biological legs. This case study is a first step towards enhancing functional mobility and quality of life for individuals with bilateral above-knee amputations through powered knee and ankle prostheses.
Color changes and shear bond strength to simulated caries lesions treated with a novel solution of 20% silver nanoclusters in polymethacrylic acid
Authors: Molina Gustavo Fabián , Cabalén María Belén , Aranguren Juan Pablo , Palma Santiago Daniel , Pino Gustavo Ariel , Burrow Michael F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aims of the study were: (1) To compare the staining effect on demineralized dentin simulating caries between silver nanoclusters (AgNCls) synthesized using polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) and silver diammine fluoride (SDF), and (2) to measure the shear bond strength (SBS) of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) to simulated caries lesions with and without the application of AgNCls/PMAA or SDF. Dentine blocks 4 mm thick from twenty-four non-carious third molars were sectioned and coated with nail varnish (Revlon, New York, USA). Simulated caries lesions on occlusal dentin surfaces were created (66 h in 0.05 M acetate buffer 2.2 mM calcium/phosphate pH 5.0). Specimens were divided into groups and treated with (n = 8): (A) 20% AgNCls/PMAA; (B) SDF 38% (Fagamin, Tedequim, Córdoba, Argentina); or (C) without treatment. AgNCls/PMAA or SDF were applied on the exposed surfaces with a microbrush for 10 s. Samples were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C at 100% relative humidity. Surface color was measured according to the CIE-L*a*b* system before and after demineralization (R0 and R1), 24 h and one week after treatment (R2 and R3), using a spectrophotometer (CM-600D Konica Minolta Sesing Inc., Japan). Groups A and B received an extra application of AgNCls/PMAA or SDF before a conventional GIC (Fuji IX-Gold Label, GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan) was bonded using a mold, 4 mm diameter × 3 mm high. For SBS, a Universal Testing Machine (Digimess RS-8000-5, China)—crosshead speed of 1 mm/min—was used. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, Student-t and Scheffe-test at a significance of p < 0.05. Group A presented a stable color p = 0.24 between R1-R2 and R1-R3 in contrast to significant color changes in Group B (p = 0.02). SBS was higher (p < 0.01) in Group A (10.4 ± 2.7 MPa) compared to Groups B (3.3 ± 1.3 MPa) and C (4.0 ± 0.4 MPa), where no differences between the latter groups were observed (p = 0.77). Results of this preliminary study demonstrated that 20% AgNCls/PMAA did not stain simulated carious dentin and improved SBS of the GIC. The relevance of this study relies on the development of a therapeutic system to potentially arrest caries lesions without staining.
Correlation analysis between the complex electrical permittivity and relaxation time of tissue mimicking phantoms in 7 T MRI
Authors: Hernandez Daniel , Kim Kyoung-Nam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDielectric relaxation theory describes the complex permittivity of a material in an alternating field; in particular, Debye theory relates the time it takes for an applied field to achieve the maximum polarization and the electrical properties of the material. Although, Debye’s equations were proposed for electrical polarization, in this study, we investigate the correlation between the magnetic longitudinal relaxation time T1 and the complex electrical permittivity of tissue-mimicking phantoms using a 7 T magnetic resonance scanner. We created phantoms that mimicked several human tissues with specific electrical properties. The electrical properties of the phantoms were measured using bench-test equipment. T1 values were acquired from phantoms using MRI. The measured values were fitted with functions based on dielectric estimations, using relaxation times of electrical polarization, and the mixture theory for dielectrics. The results show that, T1 and the real permittivity are correlated; therefore, the correlation can be approximated with a rational function in the case of water-based phantoms. The correlation between index loss and T1 was determined using a fitting function based on the Debye equation and mixture theory equation, in which the fraction of the materials was taken into account. This phantom study and analysis provide an insight into the application relaxation times used for estimating dielectric properties. Currently, the measurement of electrical properties based on dielectric relaxation theory is based on an antenna, sometimes invasive, that irradiates an electric field into a small sample; thus, it is not possible to create a map of electrical properties for a complex structure such as the human body. This study could be further used to compute the electrical properties maps of tissues by scanning images and measuring T1 maps.
Selective single-bacteria extraction based on capture and release of microemulsion droplets
Authors: Li Jiyu , Hu Dinglong , Lim Chee Kent , Ren Jifeng , Yao Xin , Ma Chao , Marcos  , Chen Weiqiang , Lee Patrick K. H. , Lam Raymond H. W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman host-associated microbial communities in body sites can reflect health status based on the population distribution and specific microbial properties in the heterogeneous community. Bacteria identification at the single-cell level provides a reliable biomarker and pathological information for clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, biosamples obtained from some body sites cannot offer sufficient sample volume and number of target cells as required by most of the existing single-cell isolation methods such as flow cytometry. Herein we report a novel integrated microfluidic system, which consists of a microemulsion module for single-bacteria encapsulation and a sequential microdroplet capture and release module for selectively extracting only the single-bacteria encapsulated in microdroplets. We optimize the system for a success rate of the single-cell extraction to be > 38%. We further verify applicability of the system with prepared cell mixtures (Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 and Methylomicrobium album BG8) and biosamples collected from human skin, to quantify the population distribution of multiple key species in a heterogeneous microbial community. Results indicate perfect viability of the single-cell extracts and compatibility with downstream analyses such as PCR. Together, this research demonstrates that the reported single-bacteria extraction system can be applied in microbiome and pathology research and clinical diagnosis as a clinical or point-of-care device.
Distinct gene expression patterns for CD14++ and CD16++ monocytes in preeclampsia
Authors: Vishnyakova Polina , Kuznetsova Maria , Poltavets Anastasiya , Fomina Mariia , Kiseleva Viktoriia , Muminova Kamilla , Potapova Alena , Khodzhaeva Zulfiya , Pyregov Alexey , Trofimov Dmitry , Elchaninov Andrey , Sukhikh Gennady , Fatkhudinov Timur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a serious gestational complication affecting the life of a mother and child. The immunophenotype and gene expression profile of isolated blood monocyte subpopulations of pregnant women with PE have not been studied before. In this work, we assessed changes in CD14++ and CD16++ monocyte subpopulations in PE and physiological pregnancy (n = 33). Immunophenotyping, immunomagnetic sorting of monocytes and analysis of the transcriptional profile of their genes were carried out. The percentage of classical monocytes was significantly lower, while the intermediate fraction of monocytes was significantly higher in late-onset PE compared to control. Transcriptome analysis of late-onset PE classical CD14++ monocytes revealed significant activation of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways; apoptosis; regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress and others. The most suppressed signalling pathways were associated with T cell activation and selection. In CD16++ monocytes of late-onset PE cases, positive regulation of cell–cell adhesion, integrin signalling pathway, blood coagulation cascade were the most activated ones. The inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathway and p53 pathway were the most down-regulated in CD16++ monocytes. The obtained results indicate profound changes occurring to two most polar monocyte subpopulations in PE and their different roles in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Molecular insights on ar-turmerone as a structural, functional and pharmacophoric analogue of synthetic mosquito repellent DEET by comprehensive computational assessment
Authors: Rao Priyashi , Goswami Dweipayan , Rawal Rakesh M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMosquitoes are vectors for a variety of infectious illnesses, and chemical synthetic insecticides have made it possible to control them effectively. Mosquito repellents are a typical means of keeping mosquitos at bay. Because of its main effectiveness of skin permeability,N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most extensively used mosquito repellents but a dangerous synthetic chemical. DEET was identified about a decade ago to inhibit mosquito's Odorant Binding Protein 1 (OBP1), impairing the mosquito's ability to recognise the host body odour. OBP1 has been identified as a possible target for the development of new mosquito repellents since its discovery. Essential oils from different plants, on the other hand, have been used to repel mosquitos since antiquity. One essential oil from theCurcuma longa(Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) rhizome display mosquito repellent properties, according to the literature. Furthermore, one of the phytochemicals found in abundance inC. longaessential oil, ar-turmerone, exhibits mosquito repellency as comparable to synthetic DEET. Till date studies onin-silicointeraction of natural ar-turmerone with OBP1, which we depict in our current work are scarce. Further, there exist no published reports demonstrating the literary evidence on detailed insights of interaction of DEET with OBP1 along with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies. We further performed detailed molecular investigations using pharmacophore analysis of ar-turmerone and compared it with DEET, where our findings in the current manuscript unveils for the first time that ar-turmerone is a functional, structural and pharmacophoric analogue of DEET.
Non-linearity of secondary pollutant formation estimated from emissions data and measured precursor-secondary pollutant relationships
Authors: Harrison Roy M. , Beddows David C. S. , Tong Chengxu , Damayanti Seny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to predict the impacts of reductions in air pollutant emissions, it is important to know whether secondary pollutant concentrations will decline in direct proportion to the reduction in their precursor, referred to as linearity. Trends in airborne concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and SOC at sites in southern England are compared with emissions and concentration trends for sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and non-methane VOC, and show some increased ratios of concentrations to emissions, strongly suggestive of non-linearity in the primary-secondary pollutant relationships for nitrate, but not the other pollutants. Analysis of a further 20-year dataset from the AGANET network shows a decline of nitrate concentrations significantly lower than that of NOx emissions and ambient NOx concentrations. For sulfate, the decline lies between that of emissions and airborne concentrations of SO2. Back trajectory analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function mapping for 2014–2018 show that the highest concentrations of secondary constituents in southern England are associated with air masses originating in mainland Europe, with 42% of sulfate, 55% of nitrate, and 35% of SOC estimated to be associated with air masses entering the UK from the European mainland.
Endoscopic electroincision of challenging benign biliopancreatic strictures
Authors: Tringali Andrea , Milluzzo Sebastian Manuel , Perri Vincenzo , Schepis Tommaso , Bove Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic drainage of benign biliary and pancreatic strictures can be challenging, especially when tightness of the stenosis does not allow passage of mechanical and pneumatic dilation catheters. Electroincision of benign biliopancreatic can be considered in selected cases.
Patients and methods Three male patients (mean age 33 years, range 9–60) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to drain anastomotic biliary stricture (ABS) following orthotopic liver transplantation (n = 2) and pancreatic duct stenosis due to abdominal trauma (n = 1). The biliopancreatic strictures could be passed only with a thin 0.020-inch hydrophilic guidewire. Conventional mechanical and pneumatic dilators failed to pass the strictures due to weakness of the guidewire. Therefore, electrosurgical incision by over-the-wire 6Fr cystotome or needle-knife was attempted using pure cut current.
Results The two cases of ABS were approached also by cholangioscopy and the 6Fr cystotome easily passed the strictures, allowing subsequent pneumatic dilatation and insertion of multiple plastic stents. The patient with a pancreatic duct stricture underwent electrosurgical incision using a thin needle knife over-the-wire, resulting in insertion of a 7Fr pancreatic stent. No adverse events occurred; all the patients were discharged within 24 to 48 hours.
Conclusions Electrosurgical incision of benign biliopancreatic strictures could be considered in selected patients whom conventional dilation techniques fail.
Excellent oncological outcomes besides short-term safety of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Harada Hiroki , Ohashi Manabu , Hiki Naoki , Fujisaki Junko , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Makuuchi Rie , Ida Satoshi , Hayami Masaru , Kumagai Koshi , Sano Takeshi , Nunobe Souya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for gastric submucosal tumor was developed as a type of minimal local resection and is now widely used in Asian countries. However, the oncological safety of LECS for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remains unclear. LECS has potential oncology-related problems that may influence survival outcomes. Furthermore, the feasibility and safety of LECS have not yet been fully established.
Patients and methods Patients who were intended to undergo LECS for gastric GIST from 2006 to 2020 were retrospectively selected. The indication for LECS was determined according to the guidelines. The completion of LECS, complications, and survival outcomes of the patients were analyzed.
Results Two hundred fifty-nine patients were eligible in this study. According to intraoperative findings, 44 patients underwent local resection without luminal endoscopic procedures. Of the remaining 215 patients, 213 completely underwent LECS, which corresponds to a completion rate of 99.1 %. Six patients (2.8 %) had postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo classification grade II or higher. Delayed gastric emptying was most commonly found in four patients (1.9 %). Old age (P = 0.0349), female sex (P = 0.0095), tumor located in the lesser curvature (P = 0.0015), and large tumor diameter (P = 0.0232) were significantly more common in patients with complications. The 3-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 99 % and 100 %, respectively, in 215 patients who were intended to undergo LECS.
Conclusions Despite several oncological concerns, LECS for gastric GIST is oncologically safe besides a feasible and safe procedure in the short-term.
Prevalence and characterization of middle ear effusion in 55 brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Schuenemann Riccarda , Kamradt Anne , Truar Katrin , Oechtering Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Während viele zuchtbedingte Malformationen des Schädels bei brachyzephalen Hunden bereits wohlbekannt sind, vor allem jene, die zu dramatischen Atemproblemen führen, sind Veränderungen des Mittelohrs oft klinisch inapparent und ein Zufallsbefund bei CT-Untersuchungen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Prävalenz und Charakterisierung von Paukenhöhlenergüssen bei brachyzephalen Hunden, die zur chirurgischen Therapie des Brachyzephalen Syndroms vorgestellt wurden.
Material und Methoden Brachyzephale Hunde, bei denen ein Paukenhöhlenerguss als Zufallsbefund in einer Computertomografie festgestellt wurde, wurden prospektiv in die Studie eingeschlossen. Es wurde eine endoskopische Tympanozentese durchgeführt, im Anschluss wurde das gewonnene Material makroskopisch beschrieben, mikroskopisch untersucht sowie eine bakteriologische Untersuchung eingeleitet.
Ergebnisse Im Studienzeitraum wurden 170 Hunde zur Behandlung eines Brachyzephalen Syndroms in der Klinik für Kleintiere vorgestellt. Die Prävalenz lag bei 55/170 Tieren (32 %), 86 Ohren waren betroffen. Die einzigen Rassen, bei denen ein Paukenhöhlenerguss auftrat, waren Französische Bulldoggen (FB) und Möpse. Die Prävalenz lag bei 35/66 (53 %) aller FB und bei 20/79 (25 %) aller Möpse. Eine Tympanozentese konnte bei 80 Ohren erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. In den meisten Fällen war das gewonnene Sekret mukös oder serös mit einer honigartigen Farbe. In 76 Ohren konnte genügend Material für eine BU gewonnen werden, die in 34 Fällen (45 %) positiv ausfiel. Von 73 Proben konnte eine zytologische Untersuchung durchgeführt werden. In allen Proben fanden sich Entzündungszellen, in 23 (31,5 %) mit einer hohen Konzentration.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Brachyzephale Hunde haben eine hohe Prävalenz von Paukenhöhlenergüssen. Die zytologischen Befunde unterscheiden sich dabei stark von den in der Regel zellfreien Sekreten bei Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, die unter den klinischen Symptomen einer Primär Sekretorischen Otitis Media leiden. Eine Studie, die das Sekret von Hunden ohne klinische Symptome und Hunden mit vestibulären Störungen vergleichend analysiert, erscheint indiziert, um die klinische Signifikanz von Paukenhöhlenergüssen weiter bestimmen zu können.
Image-enhanced endoscopy and endoscopic resection practices in the colon among endoscopists in India
Authors: Sundaram Sridhar , Giri Suprabhat , Jearth Vaneet , Vizhi N Kayal , Yelsangikar Amit , Bhat Naresh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Clinical practice patterns for image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) and colonic endoscopic resection practices vary among endoscopists. We conducted a survey to understand the differences in IEE and colonoscopic resection practices among endoscopists from India.
Methods An online cross-sectional survey comprising 40 questions regarding quality control of colonoscopy, IEE, and colonic endoscopic resection practices was circulated through the registry of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology and Association of Colon and Rectal Surgeons of India. Participation was voluntary and response to all questions was compulsory.
Results There were 205 respondents to the survey (93.2 % gastroenterologists, 90.2 % male, 54.6 % aged 30 to 40 years, 36.1 % working in academic institution, 36.1 % working in corporate hospitals). Of the endoscopists, 50.7 % had no training in IEE and 10.7 % performed endoscopy on systems without any IEE modalities. Endoscopists with more experience were more likely to use IEE modalities in practice routinely (P = 0.007). Twenty percent never used IEE to classify polyps. Sixty percent of respondents did not use dye-chromoendoscopy. Less experienced endoscopists used viscous solutions as submucosal injectate (P = 0.036) more often. Of the respondents, 44 % never tattooed the site of endoscopic resection. Ablation of edges post-endoscopic mucosal resection was not done by 25.5 % respondents. Most respondents used electronic chromoendoscopy (36.1 %) or random four-quadrant sampling (35.6 %) for surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease. Surveillance post-endoscopic resection was done arbitrarily by 24 % respondents at 6 months to 1 year.
Conclusions  There are several lacunae in the practice of IEE and colonic endoscopic resection among endoscopists, with need for programs for privileging, credentialing and proctoring these endoscopic skills.
Metabolite Profiling of Swertia cincta Extract in Rats and Pharmacokinetics Study of Three Bioactive Compounds Using UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Ye Xiaoyin , Zhang Tong , Han Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSwertia cincta, a plant of the genus Swertia in Gentianceae, has “heat-clearing” and detoxifying effects that normalize the gallbladder function in the treatment of jaundice. Although numerous studies on Swertia cincta have been performed, the absorption and pharmacokinetic behaviors remain unclear. In this study, the compounds of Swertia cincta in serum, bile, feces, and urine of rats were analyzed using a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 9 prototype components and 48 metabolites were detected in biological samples. Furthermore, we determined the main components absorbed in the blood of Swertia cincta and established a method for simultaneously determining these components (sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside) in positive ionization mode within 6 min. The quantitative method was successfully applied for the multiple-component pharmacokinetic study of Swertia cincta.