bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Aphids in Chrysanthemums Grown for Cut Flowers, Summer, California, 1985
Authors: Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Yoshida H. A. , Yost J. T. , Parrella M. P. , Pruitt D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten benches (3 ft × 150 ft) of naturally infested chrysanthemums commercially grown for cut flowers, were utilized in this trial. Each bench was divided in half and alternate halves were treated. The remaining halves were left untreated and served as buffers between treatments. Prior to application, each half bench to be treated was divided into 5 sections & 5 stems were randomly selected per section. The total number of aphids from the growing terminal to the 4th fully expanded leaf was counted per stem. Each stem was marked and numbered. The materials and water were applied with a 200 gal Bean sprayer utilizing a hand wand & 4 Cornell nozzles at 300 psi 10 Jul (Temp = 28°C). Posttreatment counts of the marked stems were taken 2 and 7 days after treatment. Data were collected as percent survival per stem. Arcsin square root transformations were performed on the data prior to analysis by ANOVA. Tukey’s procedure was used to separate treatment means.
Apple, Apple Maggot Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of unreplicated 0.5 acre blocks. Treatments were applied by airblast sprayer. Sprays were applied on 19 Jun, 1 Jul, 11 Jul, 23 Jul, 6 Aug, 20 Aug and 4 Sep to all treatment except Dimilin + Nu-Lure. Dimilin + Nu-Lure received sprays on 19 Jun, 11 Jul, 1 Aug and 20 Aug. The treatments were evaluated by randomly picking 100 fruit from each of 4 trees in the center of each block, resulting in 400 apples per treatment being evaluated. The apples were then examined for AM damage and the results recorded. Nu-Lure is a liquid feeding attractant for AM.
Efficacy of Selected Microbial and Related Insecticides Against Fifth Instar Beet Armyworm Larvae, Summer, California, 1985
Authors: Yoshida H. A. , Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The materials were applied to individual 4-wk-old chrysanthemum plants, cv. Hurricane, with a 1-gaI B&G sprayer at 60 psi 15 Aug. Five fifth-stage larvae were immediately placed on each plant and confined with an inverted, ventilated 1 qt plastic container. Mortality was assessed after 48 h and each surviving larva was placed individually on untreated commercial beet armyworm diet. Mortality was assessed every 48 h thereafter until all surviving larvae had pupated. To correct for differences in escaping larvae between treatments, the data were expressed as percent mortality for each replicate. Arcsin square root transformations were performed on the data prior to ANOVA.
Leafhopper and Planthopper Control with Carbaryl, 1985
Authors: Buntin G. David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Areas measuring 120 ft × 200 ft were located in an established stand near Plains, Ga. Ground and aerial applications of Sevin XLR were applied 2 times at the rate of 2 lb (AI)/acre. The first application was on 17 Sep and the second application was 2 weeks later. Grass was 5-7 inches tall at the second application. Ground treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 8003 flat-fan nozzles which delivered 30 gal/acre. An airplane equipped with whirl jet nozzles applied aerial treatments at 10 gal of solution/acre. A third area was untreated. Insects were sampled 2 h and 3, 6, and 14 days after the second application. Four samples consisting of 10 pendulum sweeps/sample were taken in each area. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance using a completely randomized design.
Spring Control of White Grubs on a Golf Course at Syracuse, Ny, 1985
Authors: Baker P. B. , Villani M. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were applied to a fairway at Onondaga C.C. on 29 Apr for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (75%), annual bluegrass (20%), and broadleaf weeds (5%). The experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft × 10 ft. Thatch accumulation was ca. 0.5 inch compressed between the fingers. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Grandy 2G spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applications with 3 gal of water through a watering can. All liquid applications were made in two directions within each plot. At treatment time, the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature 62°F; soil temperature (1 inch, 52°F; (3 inch, 50°F; soil type, sandy loam; soil pH, 6.5; water pH, 6.7; soil moisture, 15.2%. Pretreatment was 12.1 grubs per sq. ft. Posttreatment counts were taken 30 days later (29 May) by cutting a 1 × 10-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter (2.25-inch depth) and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Species identifications were made in the field. Three samples were taken from each replicate, and mean surviving grubs determined per ft.
Apple, First Generation Timing of IGR’s for Codling Moth Control, 1985
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dimilin was applied at different degree day intervals after first moth was detected in pheromone traps to determine the best first cover timing of insect growth regulators (IGR) used for codling moth control. Dimilin was applied at 50 (6 May), 125 (16 May) and 200 (20 May) degree days after first moth. No second cover applications against the first generation were made in this test. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 single-tree replicates per treatment. This test was conducted in a 15-year-old apple orchard with under-tree irrigation. After first generation all fruit of each tree was examined and the number of injured apples recorded. Codling moth adult activity was monitored using pheromone traps. Traps were examined weekly and the number of moths recorded. Pheromones were changed every 4 wk, and trap bottoms were changed after an accumulation of 30 moths.
Efficacy of Two Carbamates Against Japanese Beetle Grubs, Massachusetts Golf Course, 1985
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two carbamates (2 formulations and 2 rates of each) were applied to a golf course fairway (Sharon, Mass.), maintained at ca. 2.5 inch. Each material was applied by hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid (granular) or with 3 qt water in a watering can (liquids). All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 8-ft by 8-ft plot. All tests were repeated 5 times in a complete randomized block design. The test area received 0.5 inch irrigation (pH 7.2) immediately after application. All insecticides were applied 29 Apr and plots were sampled 17 Jun. Two 1-sq-ft sections of sod, ca. 4 inch deep, were removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Control of Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge in Potted Nursery Stock, ft. Collins, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Wawrzynski Robert P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Honeylocust ‘whips’, 6-ft tall, were transplanted into 10-gal nursery cans during May 1985. Plants were treated 21 Jun with insecticides applied as drenches made approximately 3-inch deep in the soil around the base of trees. Plants were watered immediately after treatment and at 2-3 day intervals afterwards One week after treatment all treated plants were moved into a nursery planting of honeylocusts infested by the generations III-IV of the honeylocust pod gall midge. Plants were arranged within the planting in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Plots were evaluated 10 Jul and 29 Jul by counting all newly galled leaflets produced on the trees.
Bedding Plant Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, Spring, 1985
Authors: Robb K. L. , Ferrentino R. , Parrella M. P. , Wada R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials on bedding plants, Los Angeles County, Calif., evaluated the effects of 1X, 2X, and 4X rates of Evisect 50SP, Dimilin 25WP, Zolone 3E, Broot 50WP (1X = 0.5 lb (AI)/100 gal) and Avid 0.15E (1X = 0.001 lb (AI)/100 gal). Two flats, each containing 9 pony paks of 6 plants, were evaluated per treatment for each species. The materials were applied to runoff with a 2.5 gpm piston pump portable sprayer with a hand wand outfitted with a 5003 Spraying Systems nozzle @ 150 psi on 20 Mar and 10 Apr 20-21°C and 25-27°C, respectively. Weekly phytotoxicity readings were compared to a water check for 2 wk after each application
Test for Plant Growth Responses Using Neem (Azadirachta indica) a. Juss)) Products as Foliar Sprays, 1984
Authors: Knodel J. J. , Larew H. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of crude neem seed extract and a formulation of neem, Margosan-O (Vikwood Ltd., Sheboygan, WI) were evaluated on chrysanthemums for plant growth responses. Chrysanthemums were grown as single stem disbuds in a commercial greenhouse located in Perry Hall, MD. Cuttings were planted on 10 Sep, disbudded on 26 Nov, and bloomed on 2 Jan. Plants were grown under a long day photoperiod from 10 Sep-23 Oct, and a short day photoperiod from 23 Oct-2 Jan. Plants were fertilized daily with a solution of 20N:20P:20K. Chrysanthemums were treated and sampled (4 plants/plot) biweekly, 6 times during the crop’s cycle. Each treatment plot (2.3 m × 1 m) consisted of 150 plants and plots were randomly arranged in a bed.
Phytotoxicity on Potted Chrysanthemums, Massachusetts Greenhouse, 1985
Authors: Mimms R. A. S. , Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings were transplanted to 4-inch standard pots (100% sterilized field soil) 3 wk before insecticides were applied. All insecticides were applied 19 Jun with a 2-qt capacity hand pump sprayer to both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Four plants were treated with each material and then placed randomly on benches. Plants were observed ca weekly for 5 wk after application to observe and record any phytotoxic responses.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar on Wild Plum, 1985
Authors: Gladin Jodie , Criswell Jim , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eastern tent caterpillar control was evaluated on wild plums in two separate tests between Apr 4 and Apr 11. Wild plums 3 to 6 ft tall located along a roadside outside of Stillwater, were utilized in randomized and replicated (4x) experiments. All treatments were foliar sprays and applied to the foliage and webbing with a Hardi RY-15 backpack sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were separated by a sufficient distance to avoid spray drift. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were 71°F, 1 to 3 mph and 73°F, 4 mph, respectively for test 1 and 2. The plants were infested with 20 to 350 larvae per web. Percent mortality was determined by clipping webs out of the tree and counting live and dead larvae. The amount of material applied to the 4 trees was 0.25 gal and 0.5 gal, respectively for test 1 and 2.
Activity of Demon 40wp Against Three Stored Products Pests, 1984
Authors: Bennett G. W. , Yonker J. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evaluations were to determine the necessary exposure period, residual activity and relative effectiveness of 0.1% and 0.2% w/w concentrations of Demon 40WP. Diazinon 4E applied as a 0.5% w/w spray was also evaluated for comparative purposes. All treatments were applied to 929 cm2 tempered hardboard panels using a mechanized spray tower apparatus equipped with a 8001 nozzle. The tower was calibrated to deliver 1 gal of spray/1000 ft2 (3.79 ml/929 cm2) using 25 psi. Test insects were confined to the treated panels for the appropriate exposure period using a 7.6-cm diam stainless steel ring lightly greased with a petrolatum/mineral oil mixture.
Residual Activity of Aerosols Containing Two Synthetic Pyrethroids, 1984
Authors: Bennett G. W. , Yonker J. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three aerosol combinations of Bay FCR 1272 and NAK 1654 were evaluated for residual activity on 4 surface (panel) types-unfinished particle board, finished particle board (1 coat each of sanding sealer and polyurethane varnish), no-wax vinyl title, and white pine board (1 coat each of latex primer and paint). The panels (232 cm2) were sprayed in still air using a modified CSMA spray chamber measuring 46 cm × 16 cm × 38 cm. The aerosol can rested on top of the chamber and spray was directed downward to panels positioned 46 cm below the can’s tip. Approximately 3 g of material were deposited on each panel. The insects were confined to the treated panel using 12.7-cm diam plastic rings, lightly greased with a petrolatum/mineral oil mixture. Three replicates of 10 male cockroaches were used per aerosol treatment. Food or water were not provided, and observations were made at 1, 24 and 48 h following the start of exposure. For comparison purposes, 3 registered household aerosol products were also evaluated.
Choice Testing of Insecticide Sprays and Baits for German Cockroach Control, 1981
Authors: Ross D. C. , Brady U. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
RU-25474 synthetic pyrethroid and Dursban 4EC were tested for toxicity and repellency on painted and unpainted wood in choice box tests. The test box was similar to that described by Ebeling et al. (pp 157-190 in The Cockroach, Vol. II. 1967, P. B. Cornwell, Ed., Associated Business Programs, LTD, London, 557 pp.) but without side ventilation holes. Three ml of RU-25474 (0.01%), Dursban 4EC (0.5%), or control was spread evenly on the bottom surface in the dark side of choice boxes and allowed to air dry (1-3 h). Tests were initiated by placing 20 adults of mixed sex in the light side. CC-8158 (5% acephate) and Rotac (5% chlorpyriphos) were tested in choice feeding experiments to determine ingestion of baits and relative toxicity to cockroaches. Ten adult cockroaches were placed in each of 4 ice cream cups with an excess of either Rotac or CC-8158 and ground dogfood in separate watch glasses. Appropriate controls were included in each experiment. Knockdown (KD) was determined at selected intervals and data are presented as LT50 and LT90.
Oral Administration of a Levamisole—Famphur Paste for Cattle Grub Control, 1984-85
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. , Cilek J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty mixed breed yearling steers were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments to evaluate the effectiveness of varying rates of famphur in combination with levamisole paste for cattle grub control. The levamisole dosage was constant at 8 mg/kg. Warbex (famphur) Pour-on at 40 mg/kg was used as a treatment comparison. All treatments were applied 2 Nov, ‘84 and evaluation of efficacy was done in Mar and Apr, ‘85. All famphur-levamisole oral paste combinations were as effective as Warbex Pour-on.
Oral Administration of a Levamisole—Famphur Paste for Cattle Lice Control, 1984-85
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. , Cilek J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five mixed-breed cattle were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments to evaluate the effectiveness of varying rates of famphur in combination with levamisole paste for lice control. Levamisole dosage was constant at 8 mg/kg. Warbex (famphur) pour-on at 40 mg/kg was used as a treatment comparison. All treatments were applied 28 Feb. Pretreatment lice populations were quantified by making two 3-cm hair partings in 18 sites and counting the lice present. Sites checked included ears, eyes, muzzle, jaws, brisket, shoulders, backline, tailhead, and hips. The actual sucking and chewing lice numbers found were recorded. Posttreatment lice counts were at 2, 4, 7, 18, 23, 28, and 35 days.
Evaluation of Atroban Ear Tags for Control of Cattle Fly Pests in the Azores, 1984
Authors: Miller R. W. , Pickens L. G. , Matos J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 17 Aug the no. of horn, louse and Musca vitripennis flies were counted on each of 25 young (1-6 mo) dairy heifers tethered in a pasture so that they could not come in contact with one another. Immediately after the flies had been counted 10% Atroban ear tags were attached to each ear of every other animal (13 total). At ca. weekly intervals counts of these flies were made on the treated and non-treated heifers.
Evaluatoin of Actellic Against Poultry Litter Beetles in a High-Rise Poultry House, 1985
Authors: Burg J. G. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The 10.7 × 137.2 m pit of a high-rise poultry house was divided into two 10.7 × 61.0-m sections (treatment and control) separated by a 10.7 × 15.2-m buffer. The pit walls were 2.4 m high. On 14 Nov ‘84, 56.8 liters of Actellic 7E (0.5%) were applied to the walls and exposed floor of the treatment section at the rate of 0.05 lb (AI)/750 sq ft using a diaphragm pump (200 psi). Manure in the treatment section was then sprayed with the insecticide remaining in the tank covering ca 60% of the manure surface. On 19 Dec ‘84, 68.1 liters of Actellic 7E (0.75%) was applied to the manure surface of the treatment section at the rate of 0.06 lb (AIJ/750 sq ft. Beetles were sampled with “Arends tube traps” consisting of a 30.5 × 5.1 cm diam PVC pipe with a 43.2 × 22.9 cm piece of brooder guard rolled inside. Twenty tube traps were divided equally among manure, floor, wall and post positions within each section. Each week brooder guard rolls were removed from the tubes, placed into plastic bags and new brooder guard added to the tubes. Trap material was frozen for 48 h, after which the contents were identified and counted.
Movse-Cuterebra Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White mice are infested ocularly with 5 newly hatched larvae of Cuterebra fontinella Clark. Two days later, female mice are weighed and treated orally with candidate insecticides usually formulated in Tween 20; male mice have a plastic collar placed around their necks to prevent grooming, and their bodies are dipped into 80-200 ml of an emulsion of the candidate insecticide usually formulated as an EC (w/v) in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts). Highest dosages are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% dermally. Four days later, mice are killed and bodies examined carefully for encapsulated larvae usually found in the inguinal region. Effectiveness is determined by comparing numbers of larvae in treated mice with numbers in untreated mice. Probit analysis conducted with corrected percent-kill data.
Sheep Ked Control with T-Bar Applications of Atroban, a Pour-On Application of Methoprene, and Ivomec Injectable, 1985
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Watson D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sheep were mature ewes of mixed breeds that were naturally infested with sheep keds. Ked density was determined by a whole-body count of adult keds on all animals. Ewes were ranked according to ked density, then groups of similarly infested animals were randomly assigned to treatments. Animals were housed in separate 4.8 × 19.2-m pens of 10 animals each. Ked density was estimated immediately before treatment and 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after treatment. Fleece length was recorded at the time of the pretreatment ked count. Atroban was applied along the topline, from the withers to midback, with a “Wipe-Out T-Bar Applicator” manufactured by N. J. Phillips Pty. Ltd., New Zealand. Methoprene was applied from a calibrated syringe to a single spot in the withers area. Ivomec was administered subcutaneously in the right shoulder. Atroban was applied at 5 and 10 ml per animal on 19 Jun. Each dose was applied to 2 pens of sheep. Methoprene was applied to one pen of sheep 3 Jul, and Ivomec was applied to one pen on 27 Jun.
Efficacy of Guardian 10% Swine Ear Tags for Control of Hog Lice, 1985
Authors: Saluta Michael A. , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Guardian 10% swine ear tags were evaluated for hog lice control when applied to brood sows and gilts in Page Co, VA. The following treatment groups were established on 3 Mar: A) untreated control, consisting of 6 mixed breed gilts; each gilt received 2 Allflex identification tags; B) Guardian 10% ear tags, attached to the inside of ears (one per ear), consisting of 12 mixed breed gilts; C) Guardian 10% ear tags, attached to the outside of ears (one per ear), consisting of 7 mixed breed sows. Six animals from each group were individually identified and used for evaluation. Each group was confined separately in pens in a breeding and gestation barn. However, each group had access to a common self-feeder, which they used on a rotational basis. Each group was allowed to feed for a 24-h period, and then return to their holding pen for a 48-h period. An alternate untreated control group (D), consisting of 8 mixed-breed sows with Allflex identification tags, was established in the same location on 2 May. This group, of which 6 were used for evaluation, had no access to the self-feeder. This alternate control group was established because there was a concern that the original control animals were subject to contamination with insecticide from the treated animals through the rotational use of the self-feeder.
Pear, Pest Control, 1985
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-two-year-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of 5, 2-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated for PP control by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-wk intervals. Adults were counted from 5 beating-tray samples/rep. Nymphs were counted from 50 leaves/rep. First generation nymph samples, those prior to 1 Jun consisted of fruiting spur leaves. Later samples included the proximal, distal and 3 leaves from between, on each of 10 shoots. Leaves were brushed and the resulting slides were examined using a dissecting microscope. Phytophagous mites were counted from separate samples using the same procedure. Two 10-fruit samples/rep collected at normal harvest time were weighed and tested for firmness with a penetrometer. Soluble solids were measured with a refractometer on samples of the combined juice of each lot of 10 fruits. PP and PRM damage was rated according to US grade standards for fresh market Bartlett pears on 2 samples of 25 fruits/rep. Fruit and foliage were examined after each spray for phytotoxicity.
Pear, Insect Growth Regulator Psylla Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of 0.14 acre blocks replicated 4 times. On 26 Jul 3785 ml/acre of MIT AC 1.5 EC was applied to a psylla population which had developed pyrethroid tolerance to reduce the population prior to randomization of this experiment. Materials were applied by airblast sprayer on 2 Aug, 16 Aug and 29 Aug in 78 gal/acre. At each sample period 25 leaves were randomly selected from the center 4 trees of each block, resulting in 100 leaves per replication (400 per treatment). This sample of 25 leaves from each tree was examined for psylla nymphs using a stereo microscope.
Tart Cherry, American Plum Borer Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Biddinger David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of single rows replicated 4 times. Each row consisted of 8 trees. Materials were applied by handgun dilute on 16 May. Evaluations involved examining each tree for borers using a hammer was based on selecting the most infested trees in the row. Timing of the spray was based on pheromone trap catches using a specific pheromone for APB. A 50% mixture of a polyvinyl aqueous butyral dispersion (PVB) was used with insecticides. In addition, Vapor Gard (an anti-desiccant that also acts as a UV screen and sticker) was tested.