bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for integrating inferred movement behavior into disease risk models
Authors: Dougherty Eric R. , Seidel Dana P. , Blackburn Jason K. , Turner Wendy C. , Getz Wayne M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMovement behavior is an important contributor to habitat selection and its incorporation in disease risk models has been somewhat neglected. The habitat preferences of host individuals affect their probability of exposure to pathogens. If preference behavior can be incorporated in ecological niche models (ENMs) when data on pathogen distributions are available, then variation in such behavior may dramatically impact exposure risk. Here we use data from the anthrax endemic system of Etosha National Park, Namibia, to demonstrate how integrating inferred movement behavior alters the construction of disease risk maps. We used a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model that associated soil, bioclimatic, and vegetation variables with the best available pathogen presence data collected at anthrax carcass sites to map areas of most likely Bacillus anthracis (the causative bacterium of anthrax) persistence. We then used a hidden Markov model (HMM) to distinguish foraging and non-foraging behavioral states along the movement tracks of nine zebra (Equus quagga) during the 2009 and 2010 anthrax seasons. The resulting tracks, decomposed on the basis of the inferred behavioral state, formed the basis of step-selection functions (SSFs) that used the MaxEnt output as a potential predictor variable. Our analyses revealed different risks of exposure during different zebra behavioral states, which were obscured when the full movement tracks were analyzed without consideration of the underlying behavioral states of individuals. Pathogen (or vector) distribution models may be misleading with regard to the actual risk faced by host animal populations when specific behavioral states are not explicitly accounted for in selection analyses. To more accurately evaluate exposure risk, especially in the case of environmentally transmitted pathogens, selection functions could be built for each identified behavioral state and then used to assess the comparative exposure risk across relevant states. The scale of data collection and analysis, however, introduces complexities and limitations for consideration when interpreting results.
Assessment of orthodontic borderline treatment need: A comparison of two aesthetic indices
Authors: Sampson Ariane , Passan Neha , Jeremiah Huw G. , Kirschen Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare a new “guide for borderline orthodontic need” (GBON) with the “aesthetic component” (AC) of the IOTN in assessing borderline cases (dental health component DHC 3), and to compare reliability and opinions of orthodontists on the use of each index.

Materials and methods
Cross-sectional population descriptive study. Ninety-four qualified orthodontists assessed 30 borderline malocclusions according to the GBON and AC indices and completed a questionnaire.

Results
Kappa analysis showed GBON and AC to have similar intra-examiner reliability (K = 0.64 and 0.60 ,respectively). Cronbach’s alpha inter-examiner reliability analysis showed GBON and AC to have similar, acceptable reliability (α = 0.7 and 0.9 ,respectively). There was only fair agreement between GBON and AC in terms of the number of malocclusions deemed as needing treatment (AC threshold 6). Analysis of specific occlusal traits revealed that reverse overjets were deemed as needing treatment according to AC but not anterior open bites. Both traits were assessed as needing treatment according GBON. Despite a lack of familiarity with GBON, assessors found GBON easier to use and more appropriate in assessing borderline malocclusions.

Conclusions
Both GBON and AC had good and similar inter- and intra-examiner reliability. There was substantial agreement on treatment need between GBON and AC but only when the AC threshold is reduced to 4. GBON was more able to identify malocclusal traits in need of treatment than AC. GBON was found to be easier to use and considered more appropriate than AC in judging DHC 3 malocclusions.
Research trends of the application of aerogel materials in clothing
Authors: Du Ying , Kim Hee-Eun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the application research of aerogel materials in clothing and analyzed the current research focus on aerogel clothing, the details of the development of aerogel materials, and the evaluation of the application effects of aerogel in clothing. Current research mainly focuses on the application of aerogel in firefighting clothing, space suits, wetsuits, and footwear products. The aerogel materials used in surveyed studies can be classified into aerogel fiber composite, aerogel foam composite, and aerogel coating fabric. Aerogel fiber composite is the most widely used aerogel material in the clothing industry. The thermal performance, mechanical properties, and comfort performance of aerogel clothing have been qualitatively discussed. This survey revealed that aerogel positively affects thermal performance of clothing. In addition, the mechanical properties such as the durability and strength of aerogel materials can meet the application requirements of clothing. However, the dust contamination hazard of aerogel particles limits the further application of aerogels in clothing. In addition, the experimental evaluation of the comfort performance of aerogel clothing through human- and manikin-wearing experiments is insufficient. The findings of this study reveal that it is essential to conduct further studies on the comfort performance of aerogel clothing to determine whether aerogel can have widespread application in clothing. Lastly, we provide suggestions on directions for future studies on the application of aerogels in clothing.
Cause of microfibers found in the domestic washing process of clothing; focusing on the manufacturing, wearing, and washing processes
Authors: Lim Jungeun , Choi Jeein , Won Ahyoung , Kim Minji , Kim Sungmin , Yun Changsang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo prepare measures for washing synthetic fibers, which cause proliferation of microplastics in the marine ecosystem, a fundamental analysis is required. Therefore, this study established an efficient method for quantitatively analyzing microfibers using artificial neural networks, comparing the amounts of microfibers generated in the manufacturing, wearing, and washing processes of clothing. The proportion of microfiber emitted during the manufacturing process was the largest (49%), followed by that emitted during the washing (28%) and wearing (23%) processes. This suggests that minimizing the amount of microfiber emitted during the manufacturing process is key to solving microfiber issues in the fashion industry. Additionally, during the wearing process, the amount of waterborne microfiber detected in washing was slightly larger than the amount of airborne microfiber. In the washing process, the washing temperature did not significantly affect microfiber emissions. However, when reducing the amount of water used or increasing the number of washings, microfiber emissions increased noticeably due to the greater friction applied to clothes. A common result of all experiments was that the largest proportion of microfibers was released during the first five washing cycles. Therefore, before wearing new items, consumers can minimize microfiber release by pre-washing using a laundry bag that filters microfibers. Furthermore, the most effective way to minimize microfibers is to eliminate them from the manufacturing process before they are distributed to consumers.
Understanding beliefs related to physical activity in people living with axial Spondyloarthritis: a theory-informed qualitative study
Authors: Rausch Osthoff Anne-Kathrin , Nast Irina , Niedermann Karin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
People living with axial Spondyloarthrtis (axSpA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which can be reduced by regular physical activity (PA) and its subset of cardiorespiratory training (CRT). To fulfil their crucial role in PA promotion, physiotherapists and other health professionals need to understand the beliefs that people living with axSpA possess concerning general PA and CRT. The aim of this study is to explore these behavioural, normative and control beliefs.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive design approach was chosen. Five semi-structured focus group interviews with 24 individuals living with axSpA were performed. Data was analysed using structured thematic qualitative content analysis.

Results
People with axSpA possessed multifaceted behavioural, normative and control beliefs concerning general PA and CRT. Behavioural beliefs revealed a positive attitude towards general PA, with participants mentioning numerous physical, psychological, and social benefits and only few risks. However, the conceptual difference between general PA and CRT, and the relevance of CRT, was unclear to some participants. Normative beliefs were expressed as the beliefs of significant others that influenced their motivation to comply with such beliefs, e.g. spouses, other people living with axSpA, rheumatologists. Regarding control beliefs, general PA and CRT were both mentioned as effective self-management strategies to control the disease. From experience, a high level of self-discipline, as well as technology, were shown to be useful.

Conclusions
General PA is understood to be an important self-management strategy for people with axSpA and most participants build general PA into their daily routines. They believe that general PA beneficially impacts personal health and wellbeing. However, some participants are unaware of the difference between general PA and CRT and the important impact that this difference could have on their health. The consequences of CRT promotion for people living with axSpA should be the subject of further research.
The association of COVID-19 and catatonia in the ICU-recognition, management, and the role of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Sharma Sucheta , Sarangi Ashish , Sachdeva Vishi , Rangineni Siddhanth 
Published: July 2022

Background: Catatonia has been an established neuropsychiatric syndrome for decades. It has been reported to occur in approximately 10% of patients with acute psychiatric illness. There is not much current data depicting a definite association between COVID-19 and catatonia, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) however further research is needed in this area. Although a variety of neuropsychiatric manifestations have been reported, COVID-19 has a limited association thus far with catatonia to our knowledge. With the increased prevalence of psychiatric illness during the pandemic, it is hypothesized that catatonia will also have increased rates moving forward. We aim to review the association between COVID-19 and catatonia in this article.
Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted focusing on studies which demonstrated any association or non-association between COVID-19 and catatonia. It is our hypothesis that with an increased prevalence in mental health pathology there has been a simultaneous surge in cases of catatonia.
Conclusion: Catatonia can be a life-threatening syndrome which can complicate management of various psychiatric as well as medical conditions. Hence, it is critical to evaluate and address the association between catatonia and COVID-19 which continues to ravage communities and burden healthcare systems worldwide. Early recognition and interventions with life-saving procedures such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is necessary to mitigate long term impact.
When COVID-19 prophylaxis leads to hydroxychloroquine poisoning
Authors: Cohen Matthew , Miklovic Tyler , Lott Nathan 
Published: July 2022

Hydroxychloroquine overdose was a relatively uncommon event prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, due to the massive increase in prescriptions, coupled with the search for possibly effective treatment COVID-19 infection, these overdoses have become more frequent. The management of severe hydroxychloroquine overdose does not have any well-established protocols. This report highlights the clinical course and successful management of a life-threatening hydroxychloroquine overdose. An 80-year-old man was admitted to the ICU in shock after a potentially lethal ingestion of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prophylaxis in a COVID-19 negative patient. Treatments included sodium bicarbonate infusion, high dose diazepam, norepinephrine and epinephrine, and continuous electrolyte repletion. After 5 days in the intensive care unit, the patient recovered and was discharged home. In conclusion, hydroxychloroquine overdose can result in life-threatening rapid decompensation requiring gastric decontamination, alkalization, high dose diazepam, hemodynamic support, and frequent electrolyte replacement.
Beware of a duplicate superior vena cava
Authors: Zhu Christina , Zeitouni Ferris , Warren Logan , Santos Ariel 
Published: July 2022

A duplicate superior vena cava (SVC) with a persistent left SVC (PLSVC) is present in 0.3% of the population with an incidence as high as 10-11% in patients with congenital heart disease. While a PLSVC is rare and usually asymptomatic, clinicians should be aware of this anomaly during central line placement due to potential complications. Our case involves a 76-year-old man with end-stage renal disease, on peritoneal dialysis (PD), who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of generalized peritonitis secondary to a descending colon perforation. He underwent left hemicolectomy and removal of an infected PD catheter. During preparation for discharge, he underwent hemodialysis catheter replacement. During the procedure, it was noted that the wire did not traverse the midline. A subsequent venogram with contrast showed a duplicate SVC draining into the coronary sinus. The catheter was inserted into the proximal left SVC and verified with fluoroscopy. One hour later, the patient went into atrial fibrillation and death ensued. Persistent superior vena cava, if known or suspected, requires additional caution in central venous line placement to avoid potentially fatal complications, such as arrhythmias. Immediate removal and reassessment of an alternative access site should be pursued to avoid secondary complications.
Effect of negative pressure wound therapy in exploratory laparotomies with coexisting ostomy
Authors: Avery Williams  , Shrestha Kripa , Cruz Alexis , Gilman Anastazia , Huynh Jonathan , Vaughan Justin , Santos Ariel 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown to decrease the overall rate of SSI, wound dehiscence, and length of hospital stay in surgical conditions. This study aims to determine the impact of NPWT applied on closed surgical incisions on patients with coexisting ostomy undergoing exploratory laparotomy.

Methods:
A retrospective study on patients who underwent exploratory laparotomies from 2017 to 2019 was conducted. NPWT was compared to standard post-operative surgical wound dressing. A sub-analysis of patients with ostomies was performed.

Results:
A total of 286 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy were identified; 51 patients received NPWT and 235 received standard dressing. The NPWT group had a higher percentage of patients with an ostomy (37.3% vs 20.4%, P=.016), of which 25.5% were colostomies (vs 12.3%) and 11.8% were ileostomies (vs 8.1%) with P=.002. No significant difference in the overall rate of SSI (7.8% vs 5.5%, P= .517), wound dehiscence (7.8% vs 2.1 %, P=.057), and seroma formation (3.9% vs 2.1%, P=.612) were observed. The mean length of ICU stay (3.5 vs 7.0, P=.051) and unplanned reoperation (5.9% vs 16.6%, P=.051) were lower in the NPWT group compared to the control group. Sub analysis of patients with stoma found no significant difference in SSI.

Conclusions:
In our study, the use of NPWT on closed surgical incision wound was not associated with the reduction of SSI in patients with ostomies. Large studies are needed to ascertain significant benefits in patients with ostomies.

Keywords: negative pressure wound therapy, surgical site infection, ostomy, exploratory laparotomy
Frailty is an independent predictor of 90-day complications following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Choi Erin , Asher George  , Silvia Jakubski  , Mhd Hasan Almekdash  , Pranav Sharma  
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the 11-item Modified Frailty Index (mFI) and 90-day post-operative complications in prostate cancer patients undergoing Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: mFI was measured for 216 men who underwent RARP at a single institution. Mean ranks and proportions were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test of independence, and Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of 90-day post-operative complications after RARP. Results: Patients with higher pre-operative mFI (≥2) were more likely to be older in age (P= 0.047), have worse ECOG performance status (P=0.018), and worse ASA scores (P<0.01). Intra-operative variables and pathological characteristics were similar between mFI groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that mFI ≥2 was a predictor of overall 90-day complications after surgery (OR=3.32, CI=1.16-9.54, P=0.026). Multivariate logistic regression also showed that mFI ≥2 was a predictor of high-grade 90-day complications after surgery (OR=2.69, CI=1.24-5.85, P=0.012). Conclusion: Prostate cancer patients with higher pre-operative mFI scores were more likely to have a 90-day complication after RARP. mFI should be assessed pre-operatively for prostate cancer patients to determine the risk of post-operative morbidity and the best treatment plan.
Does the postoperative diagnosis correlate with the final pathologic diagnosis in cholecystectomy?
Authors: Ramirez Clarissa , Abdalla Ahmed , Karimi Alikhan , Rahesh Jasmin , Taylor Brianna , Ahmed Hassan , Nazim Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

Physicians diagnose cholecystitis using a variety of clinical signs and imaging modalities. Diagnoses are routinely confirmed with the gold-standard histopathological examination of the excised gallbladder. This study examines the correlation between the postoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative pathology report findings. The clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis had a sensitivity of 58.8%, specificity of 75.2%, positive predictive value of 53.1%, and negative predictive value of 79.2% when compared to the final pathologic diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis agreed with the pathologic diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis in 45 of 54 cases (83.3%) but did not agree in 8 of 54 acute cases (14.8%); a clinical diagnosis of “symptomatic cholelithiasis” was associated with pathologic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 85 of 388 cases (21.9%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the clinical diagnosis and final pathologic diagnosis (chi-squared > 32.91, p-value <0.001). One incidental case of malignant neoplasm was found in a patient with gallstones. Surgeons made an accurate clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in one third to one half of their surgical cases; they made an accurate clinical diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis 80% of the time and correctly diagnosed neoplasms in 3 out of 4 cases. These results suggest that the mismatch between the postoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative pathology occurs frequently enough that pathologic assessment should occur routinely after cholecystectomy.
A rare case of mixed phenotype acute leukemia: acute myeloid leukemia to early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia transformation
Authors: Rahesh Jasmin , Siddiqui Arham , Tumula Praveen , Chandra Rahul 
Published: July 2022

Mixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL) comprises of both lymphoid and myeloid markers or blasts in a single population. Diagnostic criteria hinges on classifications provided by identifying these lineages based on cytogenetic markers taken throughout the disease course. We describe an interesting presentation of a patient who had first presented with Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML) but 8 weeks later transformed into Early precursor T cell ALL (ETP-ALL). Cytogenetics were taken throughout the course of the cancer and confirmed the presence of a CD34 precursor cell marker. This transformation and cytogenic markers indicated a pluripotent progenitor cell origin confirming the diagnosis of MAPL. This case highlights a pluripotent progenitor origin with initial presentation as AML (myeloid clone) and later as ALL after initial partial response to AML therapy due to clonal evolution.
Subjective perception of anxiety as PSYCHOSOCIAL effect of COVID-19
Authors: Robak Magdalena , Jurkiewicz Beata 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Every day, people are more or less anxious, but during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this anxiety can be greatly exacerbated.
The aim of this study was to analyze the subjective feelings of anxiety associated with being in quarantine due to infection or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Material and methods: The study included 138 people from different backgrounds. It was conducted using a survey (Google Form) consisting of fifteen questions. Results were compiled using chi2, Kendall's tau-b, one-way ANOVA analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc tests.
Results: The level of experienced anxiety during the quarantine by the subjects was found to be statistically significantly higher compared to its level before and after the quarantine period (p=0.002). An increase in somatic symptoms was also observed during isolation (29.0%). Statistical analysis, however, confirmed the relationship between the sex of the subjects and the level of anxiety during and after quarantine (p<0.05) - women experienced anxiety slightly more strongly. In addition, younger people experienced higher levels of anxiety before quarantine than older people (p=0.001). The study also showed that some subjects felt the need to take sedatives (29.0%) and/or seek psychological/psychotherapeutic help (38.4%) during or after quarantine.
Conclusions: Being in forced isolation has an impact on the severity of anxiety and the maintenance of high anxiety levels even after quarantine is over. These results show the importance of monitoring mental health during (and in relation to) a pandemic.