bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rifapentine and isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in people with diabetes (PROTID): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , te Brake Lindsey , Sabi Issa , Chamba Nyasatu , Kilonzo Kajiru , Laizer Sweetness , Andia-Biraro Irene , Kibirige Davis , Kyazze Andrew Peter , Ninsiima Sandra , Critchley Julia A. , Romeo Renee , van de Maat Josephine , Olomi Willyhelmina , Mrema Lucy , Magombola David , Mwayula Issakwisa Habakkuk , Sharples Katrina , Hill Philip C. , van Crevel Reinout ,   On behalf of the PROTID Consortium
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) and will hamper global TB control due to the dramatic rise in type 2 DM in TB-endemic settings. In this trial, we will examine the efficacy and safety of TB preventive therapy against the development of TB disease in people with DM who have latent TB infection (LTBI), with a 12-week course of rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP).

Methods
The ‘Prevention of tuberculosis in diabetes mellitus’ (PROTID) consortium will randomise 3000 HIV-negative eligible adults with DM and LTBI, as evidenced by a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay, to 12 weeks of 3HP or placebo. Participants will be recruited through screening adult patients attending DM clinics at referral hospitals in Tanzania and Uganda. Patients with previous TB disease or treatment with a rifamycin medication or isoniazid (INH) in the previous 2 years will be excluded. The primary outcome is the occurrence of definite or probable TB disease; secondary outcome measures include adverse events, all-cause mortality and treatment completion. The primary efficacy analysis will be intention-to-treat; per-protocol analyses will also be carried out. We will estimate the ratio of TB incidence rates in intervention and control groups, adjusting for the study site using Poisson regression. Results will be reported as efficacy estimates (1-rate ratio). Cumulative incidence rates allowing for death as a competing risk will also be reported. Approximately 1000 LTBI-negative, HIV-negative participants will be enrolled consecutively into a parallel cohort study to compare the incidence of TB in people with DM who are LTBI negative vs positive. A number of sub-studies will be conducted among others to examine the prevalence of LTBI and active TB, estimate the population impact and cost-effectiveness of LTBI treatment in people living with DM in these African countries and address gaps in the prevention and therapeutic management of combined TB-DM.

Discussion
PROTID is anticipated to generate key evidence to guide decisions over the use of TB preventive treatment among people with DM as an important target group for better global TB control.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT04600167. Registered on 23 October 2020
Ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention in the Intensive care unit using Postpyloric tube feeding in China (VIP study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Linhui , Peng Kaiyi , Huang Xiangwei , Wang Zheng , Wu Quanzhong , Xiao Yumei , Hou Yating , He Yuemei , Zhou Xinjuan , Chen Chunbo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia is a challenge in critical care and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although some consensuses on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia are reached, it is still somewhat controversial. Meta-analysis has shown that postpyloric tube feeding may reduce the incidences of ventilator-associated pneumonia, which still desires high-quality evidence. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of postpyloric tube feeding versus gastric tube feeding.Methods/designIn this multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial, we will recruit 924 subjects expected to receive mechanical ventilation for no less than 48 h. Subjects on mechanical ventilation will be randomized (1:1) to receive postpyloric or gastric tube feeding and routine preventive measures simultaneously. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with at least one ventilator-associated pneumonia episode. Adverse events and serious adverse events will be observed closely.DiscussionThe VIP study is a large-sample-sized, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial of postpyloric tube feeding in China and is well-designed based on previous studies. The results of this trial may help to provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Trial registrationChictr.org.cnChiCTR2100051593. Registered on 28 September 2021
Cardiovascular health and four epigenetic clocks
Authors: Lo Yun-Hsiang , Lin Wan-Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular health (CVH) was defined by the American Heart Association as an integrative idealness of seven clinical or lifestyle factors. Based on populations of European ancestry, recent studies have shown that ideal CVH is associated with a slower aging rate. The aging rate is measured by levels of epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), usually obtained from the residuals of regressing DNA methylation (DNAm) age on chronological age. However, little has been known about the association of CVH with biological aging in Asian populations.

Methods and results
We here analyzed blood DNAm data and clinical/lifestyle factors of 2474 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants, to investigate the association of CVH with EAA. CVH was assessed by seven components: smoking status, physical activity, dietary habits, body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure levels. Four measures of EAA were applied, among which two were based on the first-generation DNAm clocks (HannumEAA and IEAA) and two were based on the second-generation clocks (PhenoEAA and GrimEAA). After excluding 276 individuals with cardiovascular diseases, we regressed EAA on the CVH score (ranging from 0 to 7, integrating the abovementioned seven components) while adjusting for sex, drinking status, and educational attainment.
Our results showed that a decrease in one point in the CVH score was associated with a 0.350-year PhenoEAA (p = 4.5E−4) and a 0.499-year GrimEAA (p = 4.2E−15). By contrast, HannumEAA and IEAA were not significantly associated with the CVH score. We have obtained consistent results within each generation of epigenetic clocks.

Conclusions
This is one of the first studies to comprehensively investigate the associations of CVH with four epigenetic clocks. Our TWB data showed that ideal CVH is associated with lower levels of EAA calculated according to the second-generation epigenetic clocks (PhenoEAA and GrimEAA). Having an ideal CVH status can lower EAA and reduce the risk of aging-related disorders.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with novel mutation in the RAC2 gene: a case report
Authors: Bahrami Sima , Arshi Saba , Nabavi Mohammad , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Fallahpour Morteza , Rezaeifar Afshin , Shokri Sima 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare demyelinating disease that is often secondary to lytic destruction of oligodendrocytes and, to a lesser extent, to astrocytes’ response to human neurotrophic John Cunningham polyomavirus. Any underlying congenital disorder of primary or secondary immunodeficiency may predispose to virus infection and possible invasion of the brain. We present the first reported case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy due to a mutation in the RAC2 gene.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 34-year-old Iranian man with recurrent infections from the age of 2 years, along with other disorders such as nephritic syndrome, factor XI deficiency, and hypogammaglobulinemia. He was treated regularly with intravenous immunoglobulin from the age of 10 years with a diagnosis of common variable immune deficiency. Genetic testing confirmed a novel homozygous mutation in the RAC2 gene in the patient. Owing to the onset of neurological symptoms a few months ago, the patient was completely avaluated, which confirmed the diagnosis of PML. Despite all efforts, the patient died shortly after progression of neurological symptoms.

Conclusions
According to previous studies, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy has been associated with 26 cases of primary immunodeficiency. Our patient presents a new case of primary immunodeficiency with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Accurate examination of these cases can help us to gain insight into the immune response to John Cunningham virus and better treat this potentially deadly disease.
DECIMER—hand-drawn molecule images dataset
Authors: Brinkhaus Henning Otto , Zielesny Achim , Steinbeck Christoph , Rajan Kohulan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe translation of images of chemical structures into machine-readable representations of the depicted molecules is known as optical chemical structure recognition (OCSR). There has been a lot of progress over the last three decades in this field, but the development of systems for the recognition of complex hand-drawn structure depictions is still at the beginning. Currently, there is no data for the systematic evaluation of OCSR methods on hand-drawn structures available. Here we presentDECIMER — Hand-drawn molecule images, a standardised, openly available benchmark dataset of 5088 hand-drawn depictions of diversely picked chemical structures. Every structure depiction in the dataset is mapped to a machine-readable representation of the underlying molecule. The dataset is openly available and published under the CC-BY 4.0 licence which applies very few limitations. We hope that it will contribute to the further development of the field.Graphical Abstract
Dyspnea and the electromyographic activity of inspiratory muscles during weaning from mechanical ventilation
Authors: Bureau Côme , Dres Martin , Morawiec Elise , Mayaux Julien , Delemazure Julie , Similowski Thomas , Demoule Alexandre 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Dyspnea, a key symptom of acute respiratory failure, is not among the criteria for spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) failure. Here, we sought (1) to determine whether dyspnea is a reliable failure criterion for SBT failure; (2) to quantify the relationship between dyspnea and the respective electromyographic activity of the diaphragm (EMGdi), the parasternal (EMGpa) and the Alae nasi (EMGan).

Methods
Mechanically ventilated patients undergoing an SBT were included. Dyspnea intensity was measured by the Dyspnea-Visual Analogic Scale (Dyspnea-VAS) at the initiation and end of the SBT. During the 30-min SBT or until SBT failure, the EMGdi was continuously measured with a multi-electrode nasogastric catheter and the EMGan and EMGpa with surface electrodes.

Results
Thirty-one patients were included, SAPS 2 (median [interquartile range]) 53 (37‒74), mechanically ventilated for 6 (3‒10) days. Seventeen patients (45%) failed the SBT. The increase in Dyspnea-VAS along the SBT was higher in patients who failed (6 [4‒8] cm) than in those who passed (0 [0‒1] cm, p = 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for Dyspnea-VAS was 0.909 (0.786–1.032). The increase in Dyspnea-VAS was significantly correlated to the increase in EMGan (Rho = 0.42 [0.04‒0.70], p < 0.05), but not to the increase in EMGpa (Rho = − 0.121 [− 0.495 to − 0.290], p = 0.555) and EMGdi (Rho = − 0.26 [− 0.68 to 0.28], p = 0.289).

Conclusion
Dyspnea is a reliable criterion of SBT failure, suggesting that Dyspnea-VAS could be used as a monitoring tool of the SBT. In addition, dyspnea seems to be more closely related to the electromyographic activity of the Alae nasi than of the diaphragm.
Oscillation of super-linear fourth-order differential equations with several sub-linear neutral terms
Authors: El-Gaber A. A. , El-Sheikh M. M. A. , El-Saedy E. I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the oscillatory behavior of solutions of a class of Super-linear fourth-order differential equations with several sub-linear neutral terms using the Riccati and generalized Riccati transformations. Some Kamenev–Philos-type oscillation criteria are established. New oscillation criteria are deduced in both canonical and non-canonical cases. An illustrative example is given.
Organizing the health interview survey at the local level: design of a pilot study
Authors: Hermans Lize , Braekman Elise , Drieskens Sabine , Demarest Stefaan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The local Health Interview Study (LHIS) was developed to gain health information at the level of the municipality in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium. It enables municipalities to make evidence-based decisions in their public health policy. To test the feasibility of implementing the LHIS, a pilot study was conducted in Melle, a small Flemish municipality with 11.736 inhabitants.

Methods
The target sample size was 1000 (≥ 15 years). A systematic sampling technique was applied with substitutes for non-respondents who were matched in terms of statistical sector, age and sex. Selected persons were contacted by post to complete the questionnaire and in case of non-response, a reminder was sent. Questionnaires were collected using a concurrent mixed-mode design: a paper and pencil, and web option. All questions were selected from the Belgian Health Interview Survey relating to health status and determinants of health.

Results
One thousand twenty-two questionnaires were obtained after inviting 3137 individuals (response rate = 32.6%). Older adults were more likely to participate than younger adults, and women more than men. The final sample resembled the initial sample in terms of sex and statistical sector, but not in terms of age. Younger adults were underrepresented whereas older adults were overrepresented. Lastly, older adults were more likely to fill in the questionnaire on paper than younger adults, and women more than men.

Conclusion
The LHIS can be successfully implemented in Flemish municipalities. The method, however, does not guarantee that the composition of the final sample reflects the initial sample. Therefore, weights should be added in the analyses to correct for potential deviations in sample composition. Furthermore, implementing a sequential mixed-mode design with a web option preceding a paper and pencil option in future studies could reduce costs and improve data quality.
Physical exercise and its associated factors among Ethiopian pregnant women: a cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Addis Abebaw , Alemnew Wallelign , Kassie Ayenew , Handebo Simegnew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Women in Ethiopia prefer sedentary behavior and are physically inactive during pregnancy; this increases the risks of pregnancy-related complications. Therefore, this study aimed to assess physical exercise and its associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care at Debermarkose Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: using the theory of planned behavior.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 23rd February to 10th June, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 333 study participants. Data were collected with face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Epi-info and STATA version 14.0 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis was done to identify the association between dependent and independent factors, and p < 0.05 was used as a cutoff to determine statistical significance at multivariable logistics regressions.

Result
A total of 333 pregnant women were participated in this study with response rate of 98%. The proportion of variance (R2) in intention accounted for the factors was 0.79. The magnitude of intention to do physical exercise during the current pregnancy was 3.8 ± 2. primary level of education (β = 0.43; 95% CI 0.25, 0.61), 2nd trimester gestational age (β = 0.19; 95% CI 0.04, 0.33), 3rd trimester gestational age (β = 0.17; 95% CI 0.02, 0.32), Attitude (β = 0.34; 95% CI 0.19, 0.49), subjective norm (β = 0.12; 95% CI 0.01, 0.23) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.45; 95% CI 0.33, 0.57) were significantly associated with pregnant womens’ intention to do physical exercise during pregnancy period.

Conclusion and recommendations
This study provided that the theory of planned behavior could be successfully applied to identify the factors related to the intention to do physical exercise during pregnancy The program designers who work on pregnancy better consider providing Information education and communication to change the attitude, work on influencing significant individuals and barriers and enabling factors.
Dynamic earthquake sequence simulation with an SBIEM accounting for interseismic poroelastic rebound
Authors: Noda Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfterslip inside a coseismic slip patch is rarely observed, though some previous studies suggest that it is driven by poroelastic rebound (PER). These studies assume constant frictional strength, whereas time-dependent strengthening (healing) of a fault is expected from laboratory experiments, which provide a basis for a rate- and state-dependent friction law (RSF). In this study, quasistatic poroelasticity (PE) was implemented in a dynamic earthquake sequence simulation using a spectral boundary integral equation method, and the effect of PER on the behavior of a fault governed by RSF was examined. Spatio-temporal convolution for PE would significantly affect the resolution of the numerical simulation affordable. This problem has been resolved by numerical approximation of the time dependency of Green’s function of PE in the wavenumber domain, definition of memory variables, and reformulation of the temporal convolution into ordinary differential equations of them. In the novel method, the additional numerical costs due to PE are negligible. A planar fault with a rate-weakening patch embedded in the rate-strengthening region was simulated. Because it is the healing of the fault that competes against PER, both the aging law and slip law were examined, which have different characteristics in the evolution of the fault strength. The simulation results indicate that PER causes postseismic loading to the patch, but the healing efficiently suppresses afterslip not only for the aging law, but also for the slip law. When cases with different friction laws are compared, the healing is more significant for the aging law, which has log-$$t$$
t
strengthening at a limit of $$V\to 0$$

V
→
0

. However, the effect of PER on the slip rate is minor for the slip law. The slip law yields additional healing if the fault is accelerated by loading owing to PER. The simulation results are consistent with the absence of afterslip within the coseismic slip patches in the observations.
Graphical Abstract
Changes in the pharyngeal airway after different orthognathic procedures for correction of class III dysplasia
Authors: Khaghaninejad Mohammad Saleh , Khojastehpour Leila , Danesteh Hossein , Changizi Mehdi , Ahrari Farzaneh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study was conducted to compare changes in pharyngeal airway after different orthognathic procedures in subjects with class III deformity.

Methods
The study included CBCT scans of 48 skeletal class III patients (29 females and 19 males, mean age 23.50 years) who underwent orthognathic surgery in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. The participants were divided into three groups of 16, as follows: Group 1, mandibular setback surgery; group 2, combined mandibular setback and maxillary advancement surgery; and group 3, maxillary advancement surgery. CBCT images were taken 1 day before surgery (T0), 1 day (T1), and 6 months (T2) later. The dimensions of the velopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx were measured in CBCT images.

Results
In all groups, there was a significant decrease in airway variables immediately after surgery, with a significant reversal 6 months later (P < 0.05). In subjects who underwent maxillary advancement, the airway dimensions were significantly greater at T2 than the T0 time point (P < 0.05), whereas in the mandibular setback and bimaxillary surgery groups, the T2 values were lower than the baseline examination (P < 0.05). The alterations in airway variables were significantly different between the study groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The mandibular setback procedure caused the greatest reduction in the pharyngeal airway, followed by the bimaxillary surgery and maxillary advancement groups, with the latter exhibiting an actual increase in the pharyngeal airway dimensions. It is recommended to prefer a two-jaw operation instead of a mandibular setback alone for correction of the prognathic mandible in subjects with predisposing factors to the development of sleep-disordered breathing.
Creativity and its relationship with intelligence and reading skills in children: an exploratory study
Authors: Bezerra Roberta Louise Mariano , Alves Rauni Jandé Roama , Azoni Cíntia Alves Salgado 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCreativity, intelligence, and reading skills such as phonological awareness and decoding in reading can be critical to academic success, especially during childhood. Thus, this study aimed to characterize creativity, intelligence, phonological awareness, and reading decoding and verify possible relationships between creativity and these skills. The sample consisted of 75 children divided between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades of municipal public schools in the Brazilian context. The results indicated the gradual evolution of creativity, intelligence, phonological awareness, and reading decoding in children from the 1st to the 3rd year, especially for the performance of the 3rd year. Correlations between creativity with intelligence and reading skills were also evidenced for all three classes, with the 3rd year with stronger correlations, which are promising results for these relationships. The study of creativity is still a recent field for empirical investigations and deserves future investigations for a better understanding of these constructs in this population.
A dynamic-model-based fault diagnosis method for a wind turbine planetary gearbox using a deep learning network
Authors: Li Dongdong , Zhao Yang , Zhao Yao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe planetary gearbox is a critical part of wind turbines, and has great significance for their safety and reliability. Intelligent fault diagnosis methods for these gearboxes have made some achievements based on the availability of large quantities of labeled data. However, the data collected from the diagnosed devices are always unlabeled, and the acquisition of fault data from real gearboxes is time-consuming and laborious. As some gearbox faults can be conveniently simulated by a relatively precise dynamic model, the data from dynamic simulation containing some features are related to those from the actual machines. As a potential tool, transfer learning adapts a network trained in a source domain to its application in a target domain. Therefore, a novel fault diagnosis method combining transfer learning with dynamic model is proposed to identify the health conditions of planetary gearboxes. In the method, a modified lumped-parameter dynamic model of a planetary gear train is established to simulate the resultant vibration signal, while an optimized deep transfer learning network based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network is built to extract domain-invariant features from different domains to achieve fault classification. Various groups of transfer diagnosis experiments of planetary gearboxes are carried out, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and the reliability of both the dynamic model and the proposed method.