bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal mismatch in space use by a sagebrush obligate species after large‐scale wildfire
Authors: Schuyler Elizabeth M. , Hagen Christian A. , Anthony Christopher R. , Foster Lee J. , Dugger Katie M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe increase in size and frequency of wildfires in sagebrush steppe ecosystems has significant impacts on sagebrush obligate species. We modeled seasonal habitat use by female greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Trout Creek Mountains of Oregon and Nevada, USA, to identify landscape characteristics that influenced sage‐grouse habitat selection and to create predictive surfaces of seasonal use 1 and 7 years postfire. We developed three resource selection function models using GPS location data from 2013 to 2019 for three biologically distinct seasons (breeding, n = 149 individuals: 8 March–12 June; summer, n = 140 individuals: 13 June–20 October; and winter, n = 94 individuals: 21 October–7 March). For all seasons, by the fourth or fifth year postfire, sage‐grouse selected for unburned patches more than all other burn severity patches and the use of unburned areas in comparison with burned areas increased through time. During the breeding season, sage‐grouse selected for low‐sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula)‐dominated ecosystems and areas with low biomass (normalized difference vegetation index). During summer, sage‐grouse selected for areas with higher annual and perennial grasses and forb cover, and areas that had higher biomass. During winter, sage‐grouse selected for areas of intact sagebrush on less rugged terrain. For the winter and breeding season, there was a positive linear relationship between annual grasses and forb cover through time. Seven years postfire (2019), the area predicted to have a high probability of use in each seasonal range decreased (breeding: 16.4%; summer: 12.2%; and winter: 4.2%), while the area predicted to have low or low‐medium probability of use increased (breeding: 14.5%; summer: 22.5%; and winter: 22.8%) when compared to the first year following the wildfire (2013). Our results demonstrated a 4‐ to 5‐year time lag before female sage‐grouse adapted to a disturbed landscape began avoiding burned areas more than intact, unburned habitats. This mismatch in ecological response may imply declines in habitat availability for sage‐grouse and may destabilize population vital rates. Spatially explicit models can aid in identifying priority areas for restoration efforts and conservation actions to mitigate the impacts of future disturbances.
Evaluating the sensitivity of forest structural diversity characterization to LiDAR point density
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A. , Fahey Robert , Fuson Tabatha L. , Foster Jane R. , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Krause Keith , Hardiman Brady S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent expansion in data sharing has created unprecedented opportunities to explore structure–function linkages in ecosystems across spatial and temporal scales. However, characteristics of the same data product, such as resolution, can change over time or spatial locations, as protocols are adapted to new technology or conditions, which may impact the data's potential utility and accuracy for addressing end user scientific questions. The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) provides data products for users from 81 sites and over a planned 30‐year time frame, including discrete‐return light detection and ranging (LiDAR) from an airborne observation platform. LiDAR is a well‐established and increasingly available remote sensing technology for measuring three‐dimensional characteristics of ecosystem and landscape structure, including forest structural diversity. The LiDAR product that NEON provides can vary in point density from 2 to 25+ pt/m2 depending on the instrument and acquisition date. We used NEON LiDAR from five forested sites to (1) identify the minimum point density at which structural diversity metrics can be robustly estimated across forested sites from different ecoclimatic zones in the United States and (2) to test the effects of variable point density on the estimation of a suite of structural diversity metrics and multivariate structural complexity types within and across forested sites. Twelve of 16 structural diversity metrics were sensitive to LiDAR point density in at least one of the five NEON forested sites. The minimum point density to reliably estimate the metrics ranged from 2.0 to 7.5 pt/m2, but our results indicate that point densities above 7–8 pt/m2 should provide robust measurements of structural diversity in forests for temporal or spatial comparisons. The delineation of multivariate structural complexity types from a suite of 16 structural diversity metrics was robust within sites and across forest types for a LiDAR point density of 4 pt/m2 and above. This study shows that different metrics of structural diversity can vary in their sensitivity to the resolution of LiDAR data and that users of these open‐source data products should consider the point density of their data and use caution in metric selection when making spatial or temporal comparisons from these datasets.
Long‐term apparent survival of a cold‐stunned subpopulation of juvenile green turtles
Authors: Mollenhauer Robert , Lamont Margaret M. , Foley Allen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of extreme weather on animal populations is fundamental to ecological and conservation sciences and species management. Climate change has resulted in both warm and cold temperature extremes, including an increased frequency of severe cold snaps at middle latitudes in North America. These unusually cold air masses cause rapid declines in nearshore ocean temperatures in coastal areas, with detrimental effects on marine organisms. Acute cold‐stun events (hereafter cold stuns) occur when hundreds to thousands of resident juvenile sea turtles fail to escape shallow water during cold snaps. Human intervention through rescue and recovery largely mitigates direct juvenile sea turtle mortality, but delayed effects of cold stuns on rescued individuals are not well understood. Our objective was to examine long‐term juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) survival across four cold stuns of varying severity in St. Joseph Bay, Florida, between 2010 and 2018. We used the classic Cormack–Jolly–Seber model in a hierarchical Bayesian framework to estimate apparent survival (i.e., emigration and mortality) of rescued turtles at different time intervals. Our results indicated about half of a cohort rescued during a severe cold stun in January 2010 likely remained in the population 1 year later, with 10%–20% remaining 4 years later, and as few as 5% by 2018. The results also suggested higher apparent survival for cohorts rescued during two subsequent milder cold stuns. Emigration was a more plausible ecological explanation for low apparent survival than delayed mortality. Potential ecological mechanisms underlying emigration include a reduction in food availability and a behavioral response to either the severe weather event or handling during rescue (or both). However, the typical annual turnover of juvenile green turtles, though assumed low, is not well known in St. Joseph Bay. Thus, our apparent survival estimates may be reflective of higher‐than‐expected emigration in the broader population. Our study provides important baseline information about long‐term juvenile sea turtle survival after cold stuns in temperate regions. We also highlight the importance of strategic monitoring between cold stuns to examine additional ecological questions.
Environmental DNA reflects common haplotypic variation
Authors: Adams Clare I. M. , Hepburn Christopher , Jeunen Gert‐Jan , Cross Hugh , Taylor Helen R. , Gemmell Neil J. , Bunce Michael , Knapp Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnalysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) has gained widespread usage for taxonomically based biodiversity assessment. While interest in applying noninvasive eDNA monitoring for population genetic assessments has grown, its usage in this sphere remains limited. One barrier to uptake is that the effectiveness of eDNA detection below the species level remains to be determined for multiple species and environments. Here, we test the utility of this emergent technology to obtain within‐species haplotypic variation of New Zealand (NZ) blackfoot pāua (Haliotis iris). We compare mitochondrial haplotype diversity recovered from marine eDNA samples against traditional tissue samples of blackfoot pāua collected at the same NZ coastal site. Targeting the ATP8‐ATP6 region, we recovered four mitochondrial haplotypes from eDNA versus six haplotypes from tissue samples. Three common haplotypes were recovered with both eDNA and tissue samples, while only one out of three rare haplotypes – represented in tissue samples by one individual each – was recovered with our eDNA methods. We demonstrate that eDNA monitoring is an effective tool for recovering common genetic diversity from pāua, although rare (<5%) haplotypes are seldom recovered. Our results show the potential of eDNA to identify population‐level haplotypic diversity for gastropods in the marine environment below the species level. This work demonstrates that eDNA methods can be an effective, noninvasive tool for genetic monitoring. Noninvasive eDNA sampling could minimize target organism stress and human interaction enabling population genetic research for hard‐to‐sample, delicate, or sensitive species.
A Reagentless Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on a Self‐powered DNA Machine
Authors: Huang Ting , Zhang Wenxing , Wie Guobing , Hong Nian , Wang Mei , Fan Qiqi , Yu Qiangqiang , Liao Fusheng , Fan Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, a reagentless electrochemical DNA sensor based on a self‐powered DNA machine for detecting survivin mRNA in cells is developed. The metal‐organic framework (MOFs) loaded with DNAzyme cofactors (Mn2+) is coated on PTFE rods on the Au surface and assembled with the DNA walker, overcoming the complexity of adding metal ions from the external environment. In addition, the orbital chain is modified by a synthetic bisferrocene signal marker, which further enables signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibits a range from 1×10−14 mol/L to 1×10−8 mol/L with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 1.28 fM.
Mechanistic spatial models for heavy metal pollution
Authors: Wright Wilson J. , Neitlich Peter N. , Shiel Alyssa E. , Hooten Mevin B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMining operations can contribute substantial amounts of pollution in the form of atmospheric dust. Statistical models predicting the spread of pollutants from these sources are useful for evaluating the environmental impacts of mines. Our study develops a mechanistic spatial model for heavy metal concentrations in Cape Krusenstern National Monument (CAKR), Alaska, USA. We characterize the spatial structure in our statistical model using a spatio‐temporal process for atmospheric dispersion. Mathematically, this is modeled using an advection‐diffusion partial differential equation that incorporates information about pollutant sources, diffusion, duration of spread, and advection (i.e., prevailing winds). Our approach improves upon previous statistical methods by including a temporally varying advection component and linking indirect concentration measurements to the spatio‐temporal dynamics in the model. We estimated concentrations of three heavy metals jointly using a Bayesian hierarchical model to account for the similarity in processes across chemicals. Our mechanistic statistical model is beneficial because it can predict chemical concentrations for scenarios where mining activities change. Additionally, our analysis provides an example of how using spatio‐temporal processes in statistical models for spatial data can incorporate understanding of mechanisms governing the spread of pollution and provide inferences for parameters associated with these processes.
Delayed tracheal rupture following transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Weng Yu‐jing , Hu Ben‐ling , Jiang Jiang , Min Lei , Ai Qing , Chen De‐biao , Chen Wei‐chun , Huang Zhi‐heng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has been proven to be a safe procedure for select patients, as it is a novel approach, all associated complications require adequate attention.MethodsWe presented a 49‐year old woman who underwent TOETVA developed delayed tracheal rupture 1 week after surgery. An extensive search of literature was carried out using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies reporting tracheal injury following endoscopic thyroidectomy.ResultsThirteen cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy were analyzed, including eight cases of TOETVA. Tracheal injury occurred during various procedures, including accidental dissection, surgical needle puncture, Hegar dilation and trocar placement, and thermal injury by the energy device.ConclusionsTracheal injury following TOETVA is an underreported complication that can be induced by various factors. Thermal injury to the trachea is more likely to cause a delayed rupture. Careful blunt dissection and standardized use of energy devices are suggested.
Three‐dimensional exoscope‐assisted single‐stage tracheal resection
Authors: Pirola Francesca , Mercante Giuseppe , Russo Elena , Giannitto Caterina , Malvezzi Luca , Ferreli Fabio , Spriano Giuseppe , Cariboni Umberto , De Virgilio Armando 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) 4K exoscope is a surgical tool recently introduced in numerous fields of otolaryngology, such as microvascular surgery, otology, and laryngology. However, other surgical fields may also benefit from this technology. In this case, a single‐stage tracheal resection was planned with the aid of the 3D 4K exoscope, in a 75‐year‐old female with post‐tracheostomy tracheal stenosis. High‐quality magnification of the surgical field was obtained, with facilitated skeletonization of the laryngotracheal axis. The exoscope provided greater involvement in surgery and allowed more interactions among all operating room personnel and learners, as they could access the same field of view of the first surgeon, as well as perceiving depth of the surgical field with 3D technology. The exoscope represents a valid application in open surgery performed for laryngotracheal stenosis, with advantages of enhancing training and education, allowing precise surgical dissection, and reducing risks of iatrogenic damage to surrounding structures.
Oral cancer prediction by noninvasive genetic screening
Authors: Poell Jos B. , Wils Leon J. , Brink Arjen , Dietrich Ralf , Krieg Christine , Velleuer Eunike , Evren Ilkay , Brouns Elisabeth R. , de Visscher Jan G. , Bloemena Elisabeth , Ylstra Bauke , Brakenhoff Ruud H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) develop in genetically altered epithelium in the mucosal lining, also coined as fields, which are mostly not visible but occasionally present as white oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions. We developed a noninvasive genetic assay using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) on brushed cells to detect the presence of genetically altered fields, including those that are not macroscopically visible. The assay demonstrated high accuracy in OL patients when brush samples were compared with biopsies as gold standard. In a cohort of Fanconi anemia patients, detection of mutations in prospectively collected oral brushes predicted oral cancer also when visible abnormalities were absent. We further provide insight in the molecular landscape of OL with frequent changes of TP53, FAT1 and NOTCH1. NGS analysis of noninvasively collected samples offers a highly accurate method to detect genetically altered fields in the oral cavity, and predicts development of OSCC in high‐risk individuals. Noninvasive genetic screening can be employed to screen high‐risk populations for cancer and precancer, map the extension of OL lesions beyond what is visible, map the oral cavity for precancerous changes even when visible abnormalities are absent, test accuracy of promising imaging modalities, monitor interventions and determine genetic progression as well as the natural history of the disease in the human patient.
Preparation of mineralized pericardium by alternative soaking for soft–hard interregional tissue application
Authors: Suzuki Mika , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Nakano Yuta , Kobayashi Mako , Okada Masahiro , Matsumoto Takuya , Nakamura Naoko , Hashimoto Yoshihide , Kishida Akio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent applications of decellularized tissues include the ectopic use of sheets and powders for three‐dimensional (3D) tissue reconstruction. Decellularized tissues are modified (or fabricated) with the desired functions for application to the target (transplanted or used) tissue, including soft–hard interregional tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and periodontal ligaments. This study aimed to prepare a mineralized decellularized pericardium to construct a soft‐hard interregional tissue by 3D fabrication of decellularized pericardium, for example, rolling up to a cylindrical form. The decellularized pericardial tissue was prepared using the high hydrostatic pressurization (HHP) and surfactants method. The pericardium consisted of bundles of aligned fibers, and the bundles were slightly disordered when prepared with the surfactant decellularization method compared with that prepared using the HHP decellularization method. Mineralization of the decellularized pericardium was performed using an alternate soaking process with various cycles. The surface of the decellularized pericardium was covered with calcium phosphate precipitates, which accumulated on the surface with an increasing number of soaking cycles. The inside of the HHP decellularized pericardium was mineralized uniformly, whereas the mineralization of the decellularized pericardium decreased toward the interior. These findings suggest that the decellularization method strongly affects the structure and mineralized parts of the decellularized pericardium. The mineralized decellularized pericardium could be a candidate material for reconstructing alternative interregional tissues, such as ligaments and tendons.
Estimation of the segmental left ventricular physical and mechanical parameters using echocardiographic imaging for stent candidate patients
Authors: Ahmadi Zeinab Alsadat , Mokhtari Dizaji Manijhe , Sadeghpour Anita , Khesali Hamideh , Firouzi Ata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeLeft ventricular (LV) dysfunction can be assessed by quantifying LV structure. In this study, physical parameters were extracted, including the systolic strain, wall stress, and elastic modulus of LV to diagnose stent candidate patients from the control group.MethodsBased on angiography results, 88 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were divided into 64 patients candidates for PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) and 24 patients in the control group. With the thick‐walled ellipsoidal model, the passive wall stresses at end‐systole and end‐diastole were estimated. Regional circumferential strain and regional longitudinal strain were obtained by speckle tracking technique.ResultsThe inferoseptal circumferential wall stress in end‐systole was statistically significant for the PCI group compared to the control group (p = .026). Anterior and inferoseptal circumferential strain for the PCI group (−17.25 ± 4.22 and −18.21 ± 4.04%) compared to the control group (−21.71 ± 4.74 and 20.58 ± 3.04%) were statistically significant, respectively (p = .000 and p = .011). Anterior and inferoseptal circumferential elastic modulus were statistically significant (p = .000 and p = .005). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that anterior and inferoseptal circumferential elastic modulus had the highest area under the curve with 76.6% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity for anterior circumferential, 68.8% sensitivity, and 70.8% specificity for inferoseptal circumferential, for the diagnosis of stent candidate patients.ConclusionsRegional elastic modulus parameter is suggested as a noninvasive and quantitative method for measuring LV function. Strain and stress parameters using the STE method and geometrical model can be helpful for diagnostic stent candidate patients.
Spatiotemporal patterns of PFAS in water and crop tissue at a beneficial wastewater reuse site in central Pennsylvania
Authors: Mroczko Olivia , Preisendanz Heather E. , Wilson Christopher , Mashtare Michael L. , Elliott Herschel A. , Veith Tamie L. , Soder Kathy J. , Watson John E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a collective name for thousands of synthetic compounds produced to enhance consumer and industrial products since the 1940s. They do not easily degrade, and some are known to pose serious ecological and human health concerns at trace concentrations (ng L−1 levels). Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances persist in treated wastewater and are inadvertently introduced into the environment when treated wastewater is reused as an irrigation source. The Pennsylvania State University (PSU) has been spray‐irrigating its wastewater at a 2.45 km2 mixed‐use agricultural and forested site known as the “Living Filter” since the 1960s. To understand the spatiotemporal patterns of 20 PFAS at the Living Filter, water samples were collected bimonthly from fall 2019 through winter 2021 from the PSU's wastewater effluent and from each of the site's 13 monitoring wells. Crop tissue was collected at the time of harvest to assess PFAS presence in corn silage and tall fescue grown at the study site. Total measured PFAS concentrations in the monitoring wells ranged from nondectable to 155 ng L−1, with concentrations increasing with the direction of groundwater flow. Concentrations within each well exhibited little temporal variability across sampling events, with mixed relationships between PFAS and groundwater elevation observed between wells. Further, >84% of the PFAS present in livestock feed crops were short‐chain compounds, with PFAS consumed annually by livestock fed crops harvested from the site estimated to be 2.46–7.67 mg animal−1 yr−1. This research provides insight into the potential impacts of long‐term beneficial reuse of treated wastewater on groundwater and crop tissue quality.
Polynomial bounds for chromatic number. I. Excluding a biclique and an induced tree
Authors: Scott Alex , Seymour Paul , Spirkl Sophie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet be a tree. It was proved by Rödl that graphs that do not contain as an induced subgraph, and do not contain the complete bipartite graph as a subgraph, have bounded chromatic number. Kierstead and Penrice strengthened this, showing that such graphs have bounded degeneracy. Here we give a further strengthening, proving that for every tree , the degeneracy is at most polynomial in . This answers a question of Bonamy, Bousquet, Pilipczuk, Rzążewski, Thomassé, and Walczak.