bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piano Training Enhances Executive Functions and Psychosocial Outcomes in Aging: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bugos Jennifer A , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Preliminary evidence suggests that piano training may enhance areas of executive functions and psychosocial outcomes in aging adults. However, little is known regarding specific cognitive outcomes affected and whether or not enhancements are sustainable. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of piano training on cognitive performance, psychosocial well-being, and physiological stress and immune function in older adults.

Methods
Older adults (N = 155, 60–80 years) completed an initial 3-h assessment of standardized cognitive and psychosocial measures. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups: piano training, computer-assisted cognitive training, or a no-treatment control group. Training groups completed a 16-week program with 2 group training sessions per week for 90 min each session. All participants completed a standard battery of executive functions (working memory, processing speed, verbal fluency), psychosocial measures (musical and general self-efficacy, mood), and physiological measures (cortisol and immune function) at pretesting, posttesting, and at a 3-month follow-up time point.

Results
The results showed that piano training and computer-assisted cognitive training enhanced working memory and processing speed as compared to controls. Piano training significantly increased verbal fluency skills in category switching, as compared to computer-assisted cognitive training and no-treatment controls. Participants in piano training demonstrated enhanced general and musical self-efficacy posttraining; however, no significant differences were found for physiological measures.

Discussion
Piano training resulted in a unique advantage in category switching as compared to computer-assisted cognitive training and no-treatment controls. Music training programs may mitigate or prevent cognitive deficits in verbal skills.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02564601
MBGC: Multiple Bacteria Genome Compressor
Authors: Grabowski Szymon , Kowalski Tomasz M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Genomes within the same species reveal large similarity, exploited by specialized multiple genome compressors. The existing algorithms and tools are however targeted at large, e.g., mammalian, genomes, and their performance on bacteria strains is rather moderate.

Results
In this work, we propose MBGC, a specialized genome compressor making use of specific redundancy of bacterial genomes. Its characteristic features are finding both direct and reverse-complemented LZ-matches, as well as a careful management of a reference buffer in a multi-threaded implementation. Our tool is not only compression efficient but also fast. On a collection of 168,311 bacterial genomes, totalling 587 GB, we achieve a compression ratio of approximately a factor of 1,265 and compression (respectively decompression) speed of ∼1,580 MB/s (respectively 780 MB/s) using 8 hardware threads, on a computer with a 14-core/28-thread CPU and a fast SSD, being almost 3 times more succinct and &gt;6 times faster in the compression than the next best competitor.
Inferior mesenteric artery diameter and number of patent lumbar arteries as factors associated with significant type 2 endoleak after infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Kondov Stoyan , Dimov Aleksandar , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Maruschke Lars , Pooth Jan-Steffen , Kreibich Maximilian , Kaier Klaus , Siepe Matthias , Czerny Martin , Rylski Bartosz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to identify the inferior mesenteric artery diameter and number of patent lumbar arteries causing a significant type 2 endoleak to develop after infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Included were patients who underwent infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair between April 2002 and January 2017. Patients with an aneurysm involving the iliac arteries were excluded. Significant type 2 endoleak was defined as a type 2 endoleak observed after infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair and accompanied by abdominal aneurysm growth of at least 5 mm during that time.

RESULTS
A total of 277 patients were included. Mean follow-up was 38.9 (standard deviation 121.6) months. Immediately after infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair, type 2 endoleaks occurred in 55 patients (20%), resolving spontaneously in 2 patients 6 months after infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair. Thirty (10.8%) patients revealed a significant type 2 endoleak with aneurysm sack enlargement &gt; 5 mm during follow-up, for which inferior mesenteric artery or lumbar artery coiling was performed. Mean time for coiling after primary infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair was 25.4 (standard deviation 19.10) months. Twenty-three patients (8.3%) showed a non-significant type 2 endoleak during follow-up (no aneurysm sack enlargement). We found that the inferior mesenteric artery diameter and number of patent lumbar arteries were factors associated with a significant type 2 endoleak (odds ratio 1.755, P = 0.001; odds ratio 1.717, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Prior to endovascular aneurysm repair, the inferior mesenteric artery was patent in 212 (76.5%) patients; its median diameter measured 3 (0.5–3.8) mm. The median number of patent lumbar arteries was 3 (2–4). According to our receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an inferior mesenteric artery diameter ≥3 mm (sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 65%) and ≥3 patent lumbar arteries (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 43.6%) proved to be optimal cut-off values related to developing a significant type 2 endoleak. We therefore propose a composite score for the development of a significant type 2 endoleak [(inferior mesenteric artery diameter + patent lumbar arteries)/2].

CONCLUSIONS
Patients in whom the diameter of the inferior mesenteric artery is ≥ 3 mm and with ≥ 3 patent lumbar arteries carry a higher risk of developing significant type 2 endoleak after infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair.
Incidence of Drug-Induced Delirium During Treatment With Antidepressants or Antipsychotics: A Drug Surveillance Report of German-Speaking Countries Between 1993 and 2016
Authors: Friedrich M E , Grohmann R , Rabl U , Winkler D , Konstantinidis A , Engel R , Seifert J , Toto S , Stübner S , Frey R , Kasper S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Successful treatment of delirium depends on the detection of the reversible contributors. Drugs with delirogenic properties are the most prevalent reversible cause of delirium.

Methods
This observational study is based on data from Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie, a multicenter drug surveillance program in German-speaking countries recording severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in psychiatric inpatients. The present study analyzes drug-induced delirium (DID) during treatment with antidepressants and antipsychotics.

Results
A total of 436 565 psychiatric inpatients were treated with antidepressants and/or antipsychotics during the observation period from 1993 to 2016 in the participating 110 hospitals. Overall, 254 cases (0.06% of all patients treated with antidepressants and/or antipsychotics) of DID were detected. Implicated either in combination or alone (multiple drugs were implicated in 70.1% of DID), clomipramine (0.24%), amitriptyline (0.21%), and clozapine (0.18%) showed the highest incidence rates of DID. When implicated alone (98 cases overall), clozapine (0.11%) followed by amitriptyline (0.05%) were most likely causally associated with the occurrence of DID. Drugs with strong antimuscarinic properties generally exhibited higher risk of DID.

Conclusions
With an incidence rate of &lt;0.1%, the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics was rarely associated with DID within the Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie program. Tricyclic antidepressants and clozapine were the most commonly implicated psychotropic drugs. These data support the specific role of antimuscarinic properties in DID.
Simplicity of Right-Angled Hecke C*-Algebras
Authors: Klisse Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy exploiting properties of boundaries associated with Coxeter groups we obtain a complete characterization of simple right-angled multi-parameter Hecke C$^{\ast }$-algebras. This extends previous results by Caspers, Larsen, and the author. Based on a work by Raum and Skalski, we further describe the center and the character space of right-angled Hecke C$^{\ast }$-algebras.
Romance and the Male Secular Body: The Case of Algerian Men in France and Québec
Authors: Selby Jennifer A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article argues that state and cultural expectations for romance at the time of civil marriage in contemporary France and Québec serve as proxies for liberal sexual values laden in the “secular body.” To date, secularism studies scholars have primarily conceptualized gender in relation to how political-legal regimes aim to render religious and racialized women’s bodies “secular.” The omission of cis-gender men in this corpus parallels many states’ foci on women’s conspicuous religious signs and their sexual emancipation. I read the performative expectations for romance in civil marriage within state logics and consumer culture as revelatory of liberal values of free choice, sexual intimacy, and the legibility of secular bodies, which reverberate differently for men. Drawing on ethnographic data among cis-gender heterosexual and racialized men of Algerian origin in France and Québec, I argue that my interlocutors’ experiences reveal prescriptive and exclusionary gendered sexual-secular sensibilities that belie their emancipatory promises.
A systematic review investigating the use of microbiology outcome measures in randomized controlled trials evaluating antimicrobial stewardship interventions published between 2011 and 2021
Authors: Lau Tin Man Mandy , Daniel Rhian , Hughes Kathryn , Wootton Mandy , Hood Kerry , Gillespie David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Antimicrobial stewardship interventions (ASIs) aim to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We sought to systematically evaluate how microbiological outcomes have been handled and analysed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ASIs.

Methods
We searched PubMed and Embase from 2011–21. Studies were selected if they were RCTs evaluating ASIs. A narrative synthesis approach was taken, identifying whether the study reported any microbiological data (bacterial genus/species; bacterial colony counts; prevalence of bacterial, microbiologically defined infections; and antibiotic susceptibility, measured pre-randomization or post-randomization in one arm only) or outcomes (post-randomization data compared between arms). Studies with or without microbiological data/outcomes were summarized in terms of study characteristics, methods of reporting and analysis of these outcomes.

Results
We identified 117 studies, with 34 (29.1%) collecting microbiological data and 18 (15.4%) reporting microbiological outcomes. Most studies with microbiological outcomes were conducted in secondary care (12/18, 66.7%) and targeted adult populations (14/18, 77.8%), and the intervention involved biomarker-guided rapid diagnostic testing (7/18, 38.9%). The overall quality of reporting and analysing microbiological outcomes was low and inconsistent. The selected study population in analyses and methods of handling missing data were unclear.

Conclusions
This review demonstrates that the quality of handling and reporting microbiological outcomes in RCTs of ASIs was low. The lack of consistency and clarity made it difficult to compare the findings across studies, limiting policy- and clinical decision-making. Therefore, there is a clear need for the development of guidance for handling microbiological outcomes in RCTs and adopting appropriate methods to evaluate these data carefully.
Successful Outcome of Inhalation Injury, Active SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Concomitant Pneumonia in a Patient With 27% Full-Thickness Burn: A Case Report
Authors: Zivec Katarina , Arnez Tine , Lovsin Klemen , Kramaric Anja , Gradisek Primoz , Mirkovic Tomislav 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Burn injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Next to the inhalation injury, TBSA and age are strong predictors of mortality in burn victims. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with a fatality rate of around 3.5%. We present a case of burn victim with full-thickness burn to face, scalp, both upper extremities (27% of TBSA), inhalation injury, and active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with concomitant pneumonia. The inhalation injury in COVID-19 positive patient was severe. A bronchoscopy revealed a diffuse erythema of the trachea and both main bronchi, the whole bronchial tree up to the distal segments was covered with carbonaceous material which could not be removed. We decided to treat the inhalation injury according to the guidelines for burns and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Accordingly, the patient did not receive any antiviral drugs or corticosteroids. The reconstruction of a full-thickness scalp defect after burn presents a challenge in large size defects and in patients with comorbidities. Double layer Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (Integra LifeSciences, Plainsboro, New Jersey) was the reconstruction method of choice. The take of dermal template and split-thickness skin graft was 100% and good scalp contour was achieved. To our knowledge this is the first case report presenting a successful treatment outcome in a burn victim with inhalation injury, active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and concomitant pneumonia with full-thickness burn of 27% of TBSA.
Vasculocentric Axonal NfH in Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Anad Adam , Barker Miriam K , Katanga Jessica A , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Bridges Leslie R , Esiri Margaret M , Isaacs Jeremy D , Prpar Mihevc Sonja , Pereira Anthony C , Schneider Julie A , Hainsworth Atticus H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) causes lacunar stroke and vascular cognitive impairment in older people. The pathogenic pathways from vessel pathology to parenchymal damage in SVD are unknown. Neurofilaments are axonal structural proteins. Neurofilament-light (NfL) is an emerging biomarker for neurological disease. Here, we examined the high molecular weight form neurofilament-heavy (NfH) and quantified a characteristic pattern of peri-arterial (vasculocentric) NfH labeling. Subcortical frontal and parietal white matter from young adult controls, aged controls, and older people with SVD or severe Alzheimer disease (n = 52) was immunohistochemically labeled for hyperphosphorylated NfH (pNfH). The extent of pNfH immunolabeling and the degree of vasculocentric axonal pNfH were quantified. Axonal pNfH immunolabeling was sparse in young adults but a common finding in older persons (controls, SVD, or AD). Axonal pNfH was often markedly concentrated around small penetrating arteries. This vasculocentric feature was more common in older people with SVD than in those with severe AD (p = 0.004). We conclude that axonal pNfH is a feature of subcortical white matter in aged brains. Vasculocentric axonal pNfH is a novel parenchymal lesion that is co-located with SVD arteriopathy and could be a consequence of vessel pathology.
Potential Role of Neutrophil-Platelet Interaction in Increased Susceptibility to Infection of Patients with Down Syndrome
Authors: Abd El-Ghany Hoda M , Abdel Meguid Iman Ehsan , El Hawary Rabab , Meshaal Safa , Shimila Iman Taha Lafy , Radwan Eman Roshdy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveRecurrent infection in Down syndrome (DS) has been previously documented; the potential role of platelets and neutrophil-platelet interaction has not been addressed in previous studies.Patients and MethodsUsing flow cytometry, we evaluated CD40 and CD18 expression as activation markers for neutrophils and CD62p as an activation marker for platelets, before and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, in 34 patients with DS and 39 control patients.ResultsMarkers were evaluated as percentage of positivity, mean fluorescent intensity (MFI), and activation index (MFI after stimulation/MFI before stimulation). Patients showed a significantly lower CD40 MFI (P = .019) after LPS stimulation, a lower CD62p percentage before and after LPS stimulation (P = .013 and P = .029), and a higher CD62p MFI (P = .011) after LPS stimulation. Patients showed a lower activation index for CD40 and CD18 (P ≤ .001) but not for CD62p (P = .338). Dysfunctional efficiency in neutrophils and in the neutrophil-platelet interaction could not be correlated to infection.ConclusionA consensus on a scoring system for infection is needed for an objective evaluation of correlation to infection.
Belief contraction and erasure in fragments of propositional logic
Authors: Creignou Nadia , Ktari RaÏda , Papini Odile 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, belief change within the framework of fragments of propositional logic has gained attention. In the context of revision, it has been proposed to refine existing operators so that they operate within propositional fragments and that the result of revision remains in the fragment under consideration. Later, this notion of refinement was generalized to belief change operators. Whereas refinement allowed one to define concrete rational operators adapted to propositional fragments in the context of revision and update, it has to be specified for contraction and erasure. We propose a specific notion of refinement for contraction and erasure operators, called reasonable refinement. This allows us to provide refined contraction and erasure operators that satisfy the basic postulates. We study the logical properties of reasonable refinement of two model-based contraction operators and two model-based erasure operators. Our approach is not limited to the Horn fragment but applicable to many fragments of propositional logic, like Krom and affine fragments.
Ongoing Recombination in SARS-CoV-2 Revealed through Genealogical Reconstruction
Authors: Ignatieva Anastasia , Hein Jotun , Jenkins Paul A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary process of genetic recombination has the potential to rapidly change the properties of a viral pathogen, and its presence is a crucial factor to consider in the development of treatments and vaccines. It can also significantly affect the results of phylogenetic analyses and the inference of evolutionary rates. The detection of recombination from samples of sequencing data is a very challenging problem and is further complicated for SARS-CoV-2 by its relatively slow accumulation of genetic diversity. The extent to which recombination is ongoing for SARS-CoV-2 is not yet resolved. To address this, we use a parsimony-based method to reconstruct possible genealogical histories for samples of SARS-CoV-2 sequences, which enables us to pinpoint specific recombination events that could have generated the data. We propose a statistical framework for disentangling the effects of recurrent mutation from recombination in the history of a sample, and hence provide a way of estimating the probability that ongoing recombination is present. We apply this to samples of sequencing data collected in England and South Africa and find evidence of ongoing recombination.
Retrospective single-center study on elderly patients with glioblastoma between 2014 and 2018 evaluating the effect of age and performance status on survival
Authors: Pirkkalainen Juha-Matti , Jääskeläinen Anna-Stina , Halonen Päivi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Incidence of glioblastoma (GBM) increases with age and the prognosis is worse among the elderly. This was shown in a Finnish population-based register study evaluating GBM patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013. The median overall survival (OS) was poor among the elderly (4.5 months), despite the OS increase during that period. We conducted a study to see if the OS has increased in our hospital area with current therapies.

Methods
One hundred and ninety-eight patients over 65 years at the time of diagnosis, with malignant glioma diagnosed January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 at the Helsinki Comprehensive Cancer Center were included. In addition to grade IV gliomas, grade III gliomas with nonmutated R132HIDH1 and only radiographically diagnosed gliomas were included. The demographics and treatment data were collected with performance status evaluated retrospectively. The Kaplan–Meier method and the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used for the statistical analysis.

Results
One hundred and seventy-seven patients with grade IV glioma, 6 with grade III glioma with nonmutated IDH1 and 15 radiologically diagnosed patients were included. One hundred and sixteen patients received chemoradiation, 59 only radiotherapy, 3 only temozolomide, and 27 patients did not receive oncological treatments. In the age group 65–70 years the OS was 9.95 months, 70–75 years 10.12 months, and &gt;75 years 5.54 months. Lower WHO status correlated with longer survival independently of the age of the patient. Also methylated O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase and tumor resection correlated with better survival.

Conclusions
The performance status of elderly patients is the most important prognostic factor. When choosing treatment protocols for patients in this age group, the performance status not calendar age should be considered.
Epidemiology of pineoblastoma in the United States, 2000–2017
Authors: Greppin Kaitlyn , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin A , Ostrom Quinn T , Landi Daniel , Takaoka Kailey , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Pineoblastoma (PB) is a rare malignant brain tumor originating in the pineal gland. Here, we provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of PB in the United States from 2000 to 2017.

Methods
Data on 1133 patients with PB were acquired from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, from 2000 to 2017. Age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) per 100 000 and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were reported for age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Using the National Program of Cancer Registries survival database, median survival and hazard ratios (HRs) were evaluated for overall survival from 2001 to 2016.

Results
Incidence was highest in ages 0–4 years (AAIR: 0.049, 95% CI: 0.042–0.056), decreasing as age increased. Incidence was higher among patients who are Black compared to patients who are White (IRR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.48–1.98, P &lt; .001), and was impacted by age at diagnosis, with Black-to-White incidence highest in children ages 5–9 years (IRR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.36–4.94, P &lt; .001). Overall survival was lower for males (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07–1.79, P = .013). All age groups, excluding those over 40, had improved survival compared to ages 0–4 years. Those who received surgical intervention had better survival compared to those who did not receive surgical treatment.

Conclusion
PB incidence is highest among children and patients who are Black, and there may be a potential interaction between these factors. Survival is worse among males, young children, and elderly adults, and those who received no surgery. Comprehensive, population-based statistics provide critical information on PB characteristics that could be useful in impacting patient care and prognosis.