bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male-assisted training and injury patterns: hypergraph-enhanced analysis of injuries in women’s water polo
Authors: Feng Xuehui , Wang Zhibin , Wang Zheng , He Chen , Xun Hongxing , Chen Yuanfa , Ding Jie , Chen Gen , Liu Zhe 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to compare the injury patterns of female water polo players before and after the implementation of the Male-Assisted Female Training (MAFT) program. The study seeks to identify key factors influencing these changes and propose corresponding injury prevention measures.MethodsWe utilized pattern analysis and classification techniques to explore the injury data. A Hypergraph Neural Network (HGNN) was employed for pattern extraction, where each athlete was represented as a node in a hypergraph, with node dimensions capturing high-order relational embedding information. We applied the graph Laplacian operator to aggregate neighborhood features and visualize structural and feature differences in hypergraphs based on different influencing factors. Additionally, we introduced graph structure regularization to improve classification accuracy and prevent overfitting in the relatively small dataset, enhancing our ability to identify critical factors affecting injury types.ResultsThe analysis revealed significant differences in injury patterns before and after the MAFT program, with specific influencing factors being identified through both pattern recognition and classification techniques. The classification models, supported by graph structure regularization, achieved improved accuracy in distinguishing key features that contributed to changes in injury types.DiscussionThese findings provide insights into the critical factors influencing injury patterns in female water polo players and highlight the effectiveness of the MAFT program in mitigating certain injury risks. Based on the identified features, we propose targeted preventive measures to reduce injury incidence, particularly in relation to changes brought about by the MAFT training mode. Further research is needed to refine these measures and explore their long-term effectiveness.
Description of the root anatomy of the primary molars using high resolution computed microtomography (Micro-CT). An analysis of three-dimensional root canal system
Authors: Vidi Benedetta , Gil-Valcarcel Ana María , Obispo-Diaz Cristina , Sanchez-Jorge Isabel , Mena-Álvarez Jesús , Aragoneses-Lamas Juan Manuel , Rico-Romano Cristina 
Published: January 2025

Background/purposeThis study aimed to describe the root canal morphology of primary molars using Micro-CT and analyse the three-dimensional images of the internal root canal system.Material and methodsOne hundred and twenty extracted primary molars with one or more completed roots were scanned with Micro-CT. Three fixed heights of the roots were determined at axial level and the analysed criteria were: dentine thickness, diameter of roots canals, presence of lateral canals, isthmus and number of foramina. Vertucci's classification was also studied.ResultsVertucci Type I was more prevalent in palatal and mesio-buccal root of superior molar and distal root of inferior molars. Type IV was more frequent in the mesial root. Dentine thickness was studied at three levels and for all the surfaces of the root canal. In the mesiobuccal root, in the middle and apical third, the mean in the upper molars is significantly higher than in the lower molars. The mesio-lingual canal has the major mean in mesio-distal and bucco-lingual diameter at coronal third. Isthmus were found mostly in the mesial root in all three levels. The high number of foramina and lateral canals were located at apical third of the mesial and mesio-buccal roots.ConclusionThis study showed the complexity and variability of the root canal morphology of primary molars. The Micro-CT images gave important information about the internal anatomy of the primary molars.
Physical and chemical characteristics of pyrogenic carbon from peatland vegetation fires differ across burn severities
Authors: Kennedy-Blundell Oscar J. , Shuttleworth Emma L. , Rothwell James J. , Clay Gareth D. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionVegetation fires lead to the formation of charred materials, often referred to as pyrogenic carbon (PyC), which are recalcitrant and have a high carbon densitymeaning they have the potential to act as a long-term carbon store. In the United Kingdom, peatlands are periodically subject to fire, both management burns and wildfires, which generate PyC. However, in the United Kingdom context, the characterisation of physical and chemical properties of PyC is limited.MethodsIn this study, samples of peatland vegetation (Calluna vulgaris, Polytrichum juniperinum, Vaccinium myrtillus and Eriophorum vaginatum) were burnt in laboratory conditions across typical ranges of characteristics from United Kingdom peatland vegetation fires (250°C–800°C and 2–10 min burn duration). Four broad severity groupings were established (low, moderate, high, very high) corresponding to 60, 70, 80% and 90% mass loss respectively. The PyC samples were then analysed using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, CHNO elemental analysis, and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to gain a greater understanding of their physiochemical characteristics.ResultsWhile there was a good degree of similarity between samples within each severity group, there were significant differences between severity groups. Low to high severity samples had relatively low surface areas compared to the very high severity samples, which exhibited the greatest surface areas and a high degree of variability. O/C and H/C ratios decreased with increasing severity. FTIR showed that distinct spectra were produced between severity groups, reflecting increased sample aromaticity with burn severity.DiscussionThe findings of this study suggest that burn severity is a good predictor of PyC physiochemical characteristics.
Macro-meso failure mechanism and strength criterion of frozen weakly cemented sandstone under triaxial unloading
Authors: Deng Qinghai , Fu Hao , Wang Junchao , An Xiaobiao , Lyu Xianzhou 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionIn the excavation engineering of tunnels and mines in the western cold region, the unloading failure zone is mainly caused by stress release. This study aimed to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of frozen weakly cemented sandstone (FWCS) when the initial principal stress σ3 was 3, 6, or 10 MPa.MethodsA conventional triaxial compression test and a triaxial unloading test with an unloading rate of 0.05 MPa/s were carried out. Based on the experimental data and mathematical analysis methods, the non-linear criterion was constructed and analyzed. The microfracture characteristics of the damaged surface were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe results show that compared with conventional triaxial compression and room temperature triaxial compression tests, the strength and plastic deformation characteristics of FWCS during unloading were significantly weakened, with transverse deformation and volume strain increased, showing obvious dilatancy characteristics. Unloading reduced the cohesion of FWCS, increased the internal friction angle, and increased the risk of rock failure. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis revealed the failure mechanism of FWCS. The unloading stress ratio was introduced to establish relationships. A non-linear criterion based on the Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion was established, with the power function strength criterion being more accurate in describing the failure of FWCS.DiscussionThis study provides valuable insights into the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of FWCS under unloading conditions, which is beneficial for the excavation engineering of tunnels and mines in the western cold region.
Microstructure of the human metastatic vertebral body
Authors: Cavazzoni Giulia , Dall’Ara Enrico , Palanca Marco 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionBone spinal metastases disrupt the bone homeostasis, inducing a local imbalance in the bone formation and/or resorption, with consequent loss of the structural optimisation of the vertebrae and increase of the risk of fracture. Little is known about the microstructure of the metastatic tissue, the microstructure of the tissue surrounding the lesion, and how it does compare with vertebrae with no lesions observed on the biomedical images. A comprehensive assessment of the microstructural properties of the entire vertebral body can be obtained with micro computed tomography. In this study, we evaluated to what extent the vertebral body is affected by the presence of a metastatic lesion, the properties of the metastatic lesions, and whether the tissue surrounding the lesion has microstructural features similar to those of healthy tissue.MethodsA total of 30 metastatic vertebrae, including lytic (N = 12), blastic (N = 10), and mixed (N = 8) metastases, and 20 control vertebrae with no visible lesions on computed tomography were scanned using micro computed tomography (voxel size = 39 mm). The images were segmented and analysed to evaluate the microstructural properties in the entire vertebral body, in the lesion, and in the bone surrounding the lesion.ResultsThe microstructural properties evaluated on the entire vertebral bodies showed remarkable differences between metastatic and control vertebral bodies (p &lt; 0.034) in terms of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, degree of anisotropy, connectivity density, and trabecular pattern factor. On the other hand, when the tissue surrounding the lesion was considered, no differences were found between metastatic and control vertebral bodies, except for differences in the degree of anisotropy (p = 0.008). All microstructural parameters measured in the regions including the lytic or the blastic metastases significantly differed (p &lt; 0.001) from those in the tissues surrounding the lesions. The lytic lesions minimally affected the regions closest to the metastases, with significant differences only in the connectivity density. On the other hand, blastic metastases also affected the trabecular separation, the bone surface density, and the connectivity density in the closest tissue surrounding the lesion.DiscussionMost of the microstructural features of the trabecular bone in metastatic vertebrae were locally affected by lytic and blastic metastases, whereas the surrounding tissue showed a microstructure similar to that of adjacent vertebrae without visible lesions
How does social capital facilitate community disaster resilience? A systematic review
Authors: Zhao Guanhu , Hui Xu , Zhao Fazhen , Feng Lufang , Lu Yao , Zhang Yuting 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionCommunity disaster resilience has emerged as a significant research topic within the domain of disaster risk management. One promising approach to enhance community disaster resilience lies in fostering social capital participation within the framework of community disaster risk management. However, there is currently limited systematic evidence illustrating how social capital facilitates community disaster resilience.MethodsA comprehensive search of the electronic databases yielded a total of 1,021 papers deemed to be relevant to the topic under investigation. Using rigorous inclusion criteria, this study identified 24 studies that met the final review requirements. Based on this foundation, this paper demonstrates how social capital facilitates community disaster resilience through a systematic review utilizing thematic content analysis.ResultsThis study identifies five critical mechanisms through which social capital facilitates community disaster resilience, including (1) social learning, (2) collective action, (3) disaster preparedness, (4) information communication, and (5) moral or civic responsibility. Furthermore, social capital mechanisms for enhancing community disaster resilience are observed across social (man-made) and natural disaster scenarios.ConclusionThese findings provide valuable guidelines for risk management practice by social capital to improve community disaster resilience: (1) enhance community residents’ risk perception and social learning capacity; (2) reinforcing offline face-to-face and social media-based disaster risk communication; (3) placing greater emphasis on the capacity for community collective action and disaster preparedness.
Prenatal vitamin utilization and its determinants among pregnant women in south Gondar zone: multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Mekuriaw Begizew Yimenu , Addisu Dagne , Yazie Ferede Wassie , Sisay Fillorenes Ayalew , Mitiku Assefa kebie , Belachew Tegegne Wale , Seid Yimer Tigist , Wubet Habtie Bantider , Tadesse Selamawit Girma , Gobezie Negesse Zurbachew , Mebratie Alemie Fentie , Alachew Moges Kefale , Mengistu Temesgen Dessie , Yiregu Yonas Zenebe , Arage Rahel Birhanu , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Gebeyehu Fikadu Geremew , Bishaw Mekonen Geremew , Alemayehu Habtam Desse , Ayalew Abeba Belay , Goshu Yitayal Ayalew , Berihun Erega Besfat 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPrenatal vitamin and mineral supplements are commonly advised as clinical practice standard of care. In spite of Ethiopian government focus on maternal nutrition programmes targeting pregnant and lactating women, Micronutrient deficiencies are still quite common and are regarded as a serious public health issue and also little is known regarding utilization and barriers to prenatal vitamin use during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess utilization and associated factors of prenatal vitamins among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in the south Gondar zone, 2024MethodsMulti center crossectional study design was conducted among 416 pregnant women from March 1 to May 30, 2024. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using Interviewer administered questionnaire. After data, SPSS version 26 software was used for analysis. Factors associated with utilization of prenatal vitamins were identified using bi-variable and multi variable logistic regression models. Statistical significance was declared at 95%CI and p-value &lt; 0.05.ResultIn this study, we found that 87.5% (95% CI: 84.31, 90.34) of pregnant women did not use prenatal vitamins. Women not having formal education (AOR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.44–5.15), being unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.76–3.78), husband being decision maker in health care (AOR = 1.71, 95%CI:1.09–2.68), having poor knowledge (AOR = 3.27, 95%CI: 1.44–7.42) and unfavorable attitude (AOR = 3.63, 95%CI: 1.61–8.18) on prenatal vitamins were significantly associated with non-users of prenatal vitamins.ConclusionThe proportion of non-users of prenatal vitamin were higher. Educational level of women, pregnancy plan, decision on health care, knowledge and attitude on prenatal vitamins had statistically significant with utilization of prenatal vitamins. Developing and implementing targeted educational programs to increase awareness about the importance and benefits of prenatal vitamins and encouraging women to take an active role in their healthcare decisions is recommended to improve the utilization of prenatal vitamins.
Long-term increase in soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels in convalescents after mild COVID-19 infection
Authors: Lokau Juliane , Garbers Yvonne , Vicente Manuel M. , Dittrich Anna , Meltendorf Stefan , Lingel Holger , Münster-Kühnel Anja K. , Brunner-Weinzierl Monika , Garbers Christoph 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSerum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are increased in COVID-19 patients. IL-6 is an effective therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases and tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks signaling via the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), is used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. However, the IL-6R exists in membrane-bound and soluble forms (sIL-6R), and the sIL-6R in combination with soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) forms an IL-6-neutralizing buffer system capable of neutralizing small amounts of IL-6.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 in the serum of COVID-19 convalescent individuals with a history of mild COVID-19 disease and in acute severely ill COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected control subjects. Furthermore, we used single cell RNA sequencing data in order to determine which immune cell types are sources and targets of the individual cytokines and whether their expression is altered in severe COVID-19 patients.ResultsWe find that sIL-6R levels are not only increased in acute severely ill patients, but also in convalescents after a mild COVID-19 infection. We show that this increase in sIL-6R results in an enhanced capacity of the sIL-6R/sgp130 buffer system, but that significantly enhanced free IL-6 is still present due to an overload of the buffer. Further, we identify IL-6 serum levels, age and the number of known pre-existing medical conditions as crucial determinants of disease outcome for the patients. We also show that IL-11 has no major systemic role in COVID-19 patients and that sCD25 is only increased in acute severely ill COVID-19 patients, but not in mild convalescent individuals.DiscussionIn conclusion, our study shows long-lasting alterations of the IL-6 system after COVID-19 disease, which might be relevant when applying anti-IL-6 or anti-IL-6R therapy.
Effective cancer immunotherapy combining mRNA-encoded bispecific antibodies that induce polyclonal T cell engagement and PD-L1-dependent 4-1BB costimulation
Authors: Hangiu Oana , Navarro Rocío , Frago Susana , Rubio-Pérez Laura , Tapia-Galisteo Antonio , Díez-Alonso Laura , Gómez-Rosel Marina , Silva-Pilipich Noelia , Vanrell Lucía , Smerdou Cristian , Howard Kenneth A. , Sanz Laura , Álvarez-Vallina Luis , Compte Marta 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy, but many patients fail to respond or develop resistance, often due to reduced T cell activity. Costimulation via 4-1BB has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the effector function of antigen-primed T cells. Bispecific T cell-engaging (TCE) antibodies are an effective way to provide tumor-specific T cell receptor-mediated signaling to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. mRNA-based delivery of bispecific antibodies, offer a novel approach to enhance tumor-specific immune responses while minimizing adverse effects.MethodsTwo bispecific antibodies were generated: the EGFR x CD3 TCE antibody (LiTE) and the PD-L1 x 4-1BB costimulatory antibody (LiTCo), which was further fused to a high FcRn albumin variant (Albu-LiTCo). The mRNA encoding these bispecific antibodies contains an N1-methylpseudouridine modified nucleoside and regulatory sequences to ensure proper expression and stability. A series of in vitro assays and cell-based analyses were performed to characterize both antibodies. The in vivo efficacy of the mRNA-encoded bispecific antibodies was evaluated in xenograft tumor models expressing EGFR.ResultsWe investigated the combined effect of two mRNA-encoded Fc-free bispecific antibodies with complementary mechanisms of action: an EGFR-targeting TCE and a half-life extended PD-L1 x 4-1BB costimulatory antibody. The mRNAs encoding both bispecific LiTERNA and Albu-LiTCoRNA, showed similar binding specificity and in vitro function to their protein analogues. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated sustained expression of both bispecific antibodies following intravenous administration of the mRNAs formulated using a polymer/lipid-based nanoparticle (LNP) but different pharmacokinetic profiles, shorter for the TCE and longer for the PD-L1 x 4-1BB. When administered as a mRNA-LNP combination (ComboRNA), the growth of EGFR-positive tumors in immunocompetent mice was significantly inhibited, resulting in tumor regression in 20% of cases with no associated toxicity. Histological analysis confirmed increased T cell infiltration in the tumors treated with LITERNA and ComboRNA. Repeated administration resulted in sustained production of bispecific antibodies with different exposure cycles and potent antitumor activity with a favorable safety profile.ConclusionsThese results highlight the potential of combining two mRNA-encoded bispecific antibodies with different mechanisms of action and programmable half-life for cancer immunotherapy.
The global trends and distribution in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes over the past 49 years: bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Wu Beibei , Luo Ding , Wang Xuejie , Qiao Chen , Li Rui , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe body of research on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is expanding rapidly; yet, a comprehensive analysis of related publications has been notably absent.ObjectiveThis study utilizes bibliometric methodologies to identify emerging research hotspots and to map the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte research.MethodsLiterature from the Web of Science database was analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, R-bibliometrix, and R packages.ResultsResearch on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes began in 1975 and has experienced significant growth, particularly after 2015. Leading contributors include the United States, the National Cancer Institute, the journal Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, and researcher Steven A. Rosenberg. Other prominent contributors include China, the National Institutes of Health, researcher Roberto Salgado, and the Journal of Immunology. Prominent institutions in the USA and Europe occupy central roles within collaborative networks. Financial support plays a pivotal role in driving research advancements. Keyword clustering analysis reveals four primary knowledge domains: adoptive cell therapy; the prognostic value of TILs; PD-1/PD-L1 and TILs; and prognostic studies of TILs across various cancers. Keyword and reference analyses further indicate that “adoptive cell therapy,” “the prognostic value of TILs,” and “immune checkpoint inhibitors and TILs” are central themes in current and future research. Combination therapies; tumor neoantigens; gene editing; dominant population selection of TILs therapy; TILs in Tumor microenvironment; emerging predictive biomarkers; TILs in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy; the relationship between TILs and PD-L1; TIL-based patient stratification; tertiary lymphoid structures; and TIL evaluation through digital pathology and artificial intelligence are identified as key areas of interest.ConclusionsThis analysis highlights the increasing academic focus on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte research and identifies key recent themes in the field such as prognostic value of TILs, personalized treatments, and combination therapies.