bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Gheeraert-Graffeuille Claire 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The introduction first places Lucy Hutchinson’s Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson in the historiographical context of the Restoration, when memoirs and lives became the chief genres in which history was written. It presents the Memoirs as an important contribution to the historiography of the English Revolution, and as a significant act of remembrance at a time when the restored Stuart monarchy tried to obliterate the seditious memories of the Civil Wars. Lucy Hutchinson’s ability to interweave the narrative of her husband’s life with national history reveals how aware she was of the importance of a historian’s rhetorical and discursive choices. Hence this book’s claim that Lucy Hutchinson’s authority as a historian of the English Revolution can only be fully apprehended if one takes into account her meticulous craft as well as her appropriation of different forms and genres.
The Memoirs and historiography
Authors: Gheeraert-Graffeuille Claire 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter surveys early modern historiographical debates before and after the Civil Wars. It brings to the fore a growing ‘culture of facts’, the distrust of rhetoric, and the obsession with historical truth, before turning to the impact of the mid-seventeenth-century crisis on historiographical debates. In those times of conflict, the sense that all truth was divided—and even lost—gave more credit to first-hand testimonies than to more general histories. As is argued in this chapter, Lucy Hutchinson’s experience-based apologetic Memoirs reflect—and respond to—contemporary historiographical debates, thus deserving pride of place among the many testimonies that were written in the wake of the Civil Wars.
The historian’s craft (2)
Authors: Gheeraert-Graffeuille Claire 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter seeks to articulate Lucy Hutchinson’s use of digressions with her apologetic purpose, namely the rehabilitation of the Colonel’s actions during the Civil War and Interregnum. For the sake of clarity, a typology of digressions is presented. First, the polemical digressions, which explore the long- and short-term causes of the Civil Wars, provide an apt discursive strategy to write about national history. Second, the narrative digressions offer both a synoptic vision of the English Civil War and a defence of tyrannicide. Third, the politico-moral digressions shed light on the persecution of the Colonel in the 1640s and foreshadow his final sufferings and death. The chapter finally argues that providence plays a crucial part in the economy of the Memoirs by allowing the convergence of several narrative lines and the integration of the life of Colonel Hutchinson into a larger eschatological framework.
Klopstock’s Meters as Embodied Meaning
Authors: Eldridge Hannah Vandegrift 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock for unfamiliar audiences and then argues that Klopstock’s metrical theory and practice show how a historically grounded, non-scientistic metrics can illuminate and enrich our own experiences of meter and thus of reading poetry more broadly. Klopstock provides a vocabulary and categories of analysis to understand the complex interaction between poet, meter, content, and listener. The chapter considers his interwoven metrical theories, poems about meter, and poems on other topics, culminating in a reading of the radical metrical innovation of the final canto of his epic Der Messias. It shows that Klopstock’s sense of meter as communicating meaning includes the way metrical association and pattern recognition build up across a poem, such that the effects of meter are enhanced (rather than disproved) by their adaptability.
Nietzsche’s Meters as Cultural Critique
Authors: Eldridge Hannah Vandegrift 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that Nietzsche’s work on meter and rhythm represent an understudied and crucial aspect of his thinking. It examines the notes and lecture outlines he created on rhythm from the years he spent as a professor of Classical Philology at Basel in the early 1870s to the end of his productive life, reading them together with his poetry and his remarks about meter in published work and letters across his career. Read in the light of Nietzsche’s poetry and his work on rhythm, the familiar Nietzschean themes of attention to physiology, skepticism, and historical thinking turn out to offer valuable frameworks for contemporary thinking about meter, poetry, and embodied experience.
Shaping Time, Forming Subjectivity
Authors: Eldridge Hannah Vandegrift 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter shows how Durs Grünbein uses thinking about meter and writing metrical poetry to investigate contemporary subjectivity as embodied, linguistic, and historically inscribed. Seeing how meter works in Grünbein’s poetics reveals the ways in which attention to metrical theory and practice both illuminates the interplay between language, culture, and the body and opens up new realms of poetic experience. The chapter begins by introducing Grünbein briefly to unfamiliar audiences before turning to his poems and essays. Across his career, Grünbein interrogates systems for making sense of the contemporary world and human beings in it, including psychology, philosophy, anthropology, neuroscience, individual biography, and poetic tradition. This chapter shows that meter is central to these projects because it can enact the coalescence of voices, claims, and moments into poetry that is effective and memorable because of its shaping of time.
Introduction
Authors: Harris Lyndon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The introduction sets out the roadmap for the monograph. Introducing the key themes, it briefly sets out how consistency is understood at present and hints at some flaws in the current approach. The introduction then goes on to explain why a clearer, more theoretically satisfying concept has benefits both in a purely academic sense but also in a practical sense—and how the monograph attempts to address the topic of consistency in both areas. Finally, the introduction explains why the system in place in England and Wales is a suitable case study for this work and how the monograph may be useful for other jurisdictions considering the extent to which judicial discretion ought to be structured with a view to achieving consistency.
Duress and Exploitation in Chinese Contract Law
Authors: Yi Wang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter gives a general overview of the doctrines of duress and exploitation in Chinese contract law. Section II handles the vitiating factor of duress, including an introduction to the relevant legislation and its constituent elements. Section III deals with the vitiating factor of exploitation, comprising a review of a recent substantial change in the law and its constituent elements. Section IV describes the aggrieved party’s power of rescission, which is the direct consequence of both duress and exploitation. Section V lays out rules on the ‘exclusion period’, a time limit restricting the exercise of the power of rescission. Section VI elaborates the indirect consequences of both duress and exploitation after a contract is so rescinded, namely restitution, indemnification, and compensation. The chapter finishes with a comparatively long conclusion which engages with a number of the hypothetical scenarios drawn up by the editors of this volume with a view to facilitating comparative observations.
Coercion, Undue Influence, and Unconscionability in Indian Contract Law
Authors: SWAMINATHAN Shivprasad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the contours of the law relating to the doctrines of coercion, undue influence and unconscionability in Indian contract law. It argues that there is a double dissonance between the design of sections 15 (coercion) and 16 (undue influence), and the construction courts have placed upon these provisions. On the one hand, courts have sought to pack into the definition of coercion in section 15 (tied primarily to threats to commit criminal acts prohibited under the Indian Penal Code) more than it can plausibly encompass within its scope, with the result that their attempts at accommodating within the ambit of the provision, forms of illegitimate pressure like economic duress, come across as tenuous and contrived. And on the other, they have unduly constricted section 16 by neglecting to use its width and potential versatility to supplement attempts at overcoming a rigid and ossified definition of coercion in section 15. Section 16 was deliberately designed to be capacious enough to incorporate a general principle of unconscionability—enough, in fact, to have subsumed the doctrine of undue influence and economic duress within its ambit. But courts have refused to invoke it in cases of unconscionability and inequality of bargaining power where its invocation was warranted, as they have erroneously projected the narrower notion of undue influence as traditionally understood in English law onto the provision.
Invalidity in the Myanmar Law of Contract
Authors: BRIGGS Adrian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter examines the grounds on which a contract may be voidable under the Myanmar Contract Act 1872. As a contract requires free consent, it examines the circumstances in which a party’s consent is defined by the Act as being not free: where it is brought about by coercion, undue influence, fraud, or misrepresentation. It observes that there is no general principle of protection from unconscionable dealing. It analyses the options given to that party in terms of rescission, avoidance or affirmation of the contract; and the repayment or restitutionary obligations which follow from rescission. It examines the circumstances in which the Act treats a mistake, which is not the result of consent not being free, as making the agreement void. It analyses the relationship between the concepts of agreements which are or become void, and contracts which are voidable, and the problems of their organization within the 1872 Act.
Scientific Knowledge in a Pandemic
Authors: Vickers Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic, billions of people urgently wanted, and needed, answers to questions concerning scientific knowledge. One thing lacking was a clear account of how the individual could identify the future-proof scientific claims (the ‘facts’), distinguishing them from other types of scientific claim, such as ‘promising hypotheses’, or ‘useful speculations’. Looking to the criteria for future-proof science put forward in this book, a worry arises that nothing scientists were saying, in 2020, about the pandemic could responsibly be called ‘future-proof’, since in 2020 so little time had passed for relevant scientific claims to be internationally scrutinised. But scientists did in fact have some relevant future-proof knowledge, even only a handful of weeks after the onset of the pandemic. This chapter explains how this is possible, given that usually absolute confidence in scientific claims depends upon extensive international scrutiny, often taking many years.
Shakespeare's Blank Verse
Authors: Stagg Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shakespeare’s Blank Verse: An Alternative History is a study of both Shakespeare’s versification and its place in the history of early modern blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter). It ranges from the continental precursors of English blank verse in the early sixteenth century through the drama and poetry of Shakespeare’s contemporaries to the editing of blank verse in the eighteenth century and beyond. Alternative in its argumentation as well as its arguments, Shakespeare’s Blank Verse tries out fresh ways of thinking about meter—by shunning doctrinaire, almost mathematical ways of apprehending a writer’s versification, and by reconnecting meter to the fundamental literary, dramatic, and social questions that animate Shakespeare’s drama.
Rhyme
Authors: Stagg Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The penultimate chapter is about rhyme, of which blank verse is apparently ‘blank’. It uncovers a new correspondence for blank verse—another alternative history, if you will—in the rhymeless ‘quantitative’ movement of sixteenth-century England and Europe, and concludes by suggesting some ways in which Shakespeare made rhyme and (quantitative/non-quantitative) blank verse into complementary alternatives rather than dogged opponents. In taking these tacks, the chapter follows a similar pattern or shape of argument to the previous chapters, tracing out a paradox that Shakespeare’s blank verse preserves or requires the very things it must also resist: bombast, ‘badness’, rhyme. Which is to say: Shakespeare makes alternatives out of what could otherwise be opposites.
Ideology and Organization in Indian Politics
Authors: Hasan Zoya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book examines the immense changes in Indian politics over the past decade and its impact on the Indian National Congress. The impact is most apparent in the changing fortunes of the Congress party, which suffered two major defeats in the 2014 and 2019 elections, bringing the party’s crisis to the front and Centre of public debate. This book seeks to understand the reasons for these enormous changes by looking, first, at the underlying conditions that led to the decline of the Congress and, second, the challenges—both external and internal—confronting the Congress and, while doing so, estimating its impact on Indian politics and on the Congress. More specifically, it looks at how important ideological debates provoked by the rise of majoritarianism, the Gujarat model, hyper-nationalism, the secular retreat, and the curbs and restrictions on the opposition influenced the Congress. Exploring ideological shifts and organizational limits that shaped the decline of the Congress make a compelling case for the significance of the Congress story in understanding the larger political transformation underway in India. The argument centres on the Congress party, but comparatively speaking, it has relevance for the experience of centrist and centre-left parties in other countries, which too suffered a decline in the context of the upsurge of populist nationalism and right-wing politics in the past few years. Analysis of political change in India in the past decade affords insights into the processes of transformation and polarization that grounded the Congress party and centrist parties in other countries as well.
Democratic Reorganization Eludes the Congress Party
Authors: Hasan Zoya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Following an initial discussion of the organizational structure of the party, the chapter highlights the Congress’s institutional problems, principally the challenges facing it organizationally, especially in relation to setting up a democratic structure, and the reasons why it has failed to do so despite Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi repeated promise of party reform during their terms as Congress president. Both were unable to revamp the organization and eventually relied on the nomination system for filling organizational posts. Most leaders agree that the party organization needs to be revamped, and yet nothing has been done to change this, even though it hampered the party’s capacity to engage with mass politics. The centralizing drives coupled with the sidelining of state leaders were largely responsible for organizational erosion and the absence of leaders with a mass base.
Hindu Nationalism to the Fore
Authors: Hasan Zoya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter deals with the 2019 elections widely regarded as a turning point in the expansion of Hindu nationalism as a dominant force and the challenge it posed to the pluralist idea of India. It outlines how and why Hindu nationalism gained the upper hand in 2019 and the effect it had on Congress, and its ability to counter the growing support for it in the public sphere. It argues that national security, which came to dominate the 2019 election, facilitated the idea of a Hindu nation in the garb of national security. The BJP did not seek votes for what its government had accomplished over the past five years, which was very little, it chose the plank of national security as the core issue to mobilize political support at a time when it was heading into a difficult election. The conflation of nationalism and national security shifted the ideological ground in favour of BJP’s conception of nationalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Iqbal Aashique Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This conclusion is divided into three broad parts. First I turn to the story of Indian aviation in the years after nationalization. Indian aviation has grown phenomenally in the years following independence, yet both the Indian Air Force and Indian civil aviation are confronted by a range of problems. The discussion then moves to a broad comparison of Indian aviation with two other post-colonial states: Egypt and Peru. Both these states shared much in common with the historical trajectory, meaning that the Indian case is emblematic of the experiences of poor states with aviation. Finally it sums up the arguments presented in the book before concluding.
The Proper Objective Telos of Deontological Teleology
Authors: Grenberg Jeanine M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, we deduce the substantive, organizing, and obligatory telos of all end-setting: the positive command to make persons as such one’s end, and not just the merely negative command never to treat persons merely as means. Kant’s argument for this positive command is grounded both in the affirmation of the very category of non-empirical obligatory ends introduced in I.ii combined with a new deduction of a materialized version of the Second Formulation which rejects indifference toward persons as incompatible with the absolute value of persons. We thereby further extant discussions of the Formula of Humanity: in light of Kant’s insistence that we understand ends-in-themselves as independently existing ends to be positively supported through our end-setting, we reject any would-be constructivist grounding of morality in favor of a realist reading thereof and, therewith affirm a normative distinction between the Second and First Formulations.
A Deontological Deduction of the Obligatory Ends of Virtue
Authors: Grenberg Jeanine M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the telos of making persons as such one’s end, in conjunction with the moral feeling of respect, act jointly as the substantive, organizational, material, and objective telos for the deontological deduction of more precise obligatory ends of virtue. Governance of desire thus occurs through the establishment of obligatory ends set through one’s capacity for inner freedom via the voice of one’s moral-feeling-expressed experience of conscience, and the telos of making persons as such one’s end establishes itself as possessing true governing authority over all one’s desires. We focus particularly on the duty of beneficence, once again rejecting any equivalency claims of the First and Second Formulations in its deduction. We conclude by considering the category of duties to self and the interesting duty to cultivate the feeling of sympathy to anticipate the usefulness of just these moral tools in our forthcoming Part II discussion of Deontological Eudaemonism.
Happiness, Empirically Conceived
Authors: Grenberg Jeanine M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, we reveal a harmonious marriage of virtue with the non-self-absorbed pursuit of happiness empirically conceived: the virtuous person, through use of the same tools used to realize her subjective telos of virtue, also maximizes her pleasure, empirically conceived, in all sorts of valuable non-moral activities. That same reorientation of desire via one’s objective telos of virtue utilized in II.i to guide desire-governance is thus now applied to desire-satisfaction: the obligatory end of cultivating one’s natural capacities with a pragmatic purpose provides a model for organizing one’s pragmatic end-setting generally under the purview of one’s virtuous telos of respecting persons. By affirming that the tools of virtue are simultaneously the tools of happiness, empirically conceived, and that the pursuit of happiness rationally conceived and happiness empirically conceived are both guided by a singular life-guiding telos of making persons as such one’s end, our story of Deontological Eudaemonism is complete.
Collective Skill Formation in a Knowledge Economy
Authors: Bonoli Giuliano , Emmenegger Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCollective skill formation systems have been long hailed for their capacity to provide high quality vocational training, thereby straddling the twin demands of supplying relevant skills to employers and offering access to stable and relatively well-paid jobs for individuals without university education. Yet the rise of the knowledge economy has put a question mark over whether such efficient and solidaristic outcomes are still sustainable. This introductory chapter reviews structural economic, social, and macro-political trends that challenge collective skill formation systems. The focus is on the growing relevance of knowledge-intensive production processes. However, other macro-trends that are crucial for these systems’ ability to perform an integrative function are also emphasized: the rise in social inequality and the emergence of multicultural societies. In addition, this chapter identifies the two main dilemmas collective skill formation systems face in a knowledge economy: (1) balancing efficiency and inclusiveness in an increasingly knowledge-intensive economy and (2) collective action in the age of decollectivization.
Employer Visibility and Sectors as Predictors of Egalitarian Values in VET
Authors: Wilson Anna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor many youths, a successful transition to upper secondary education is a first and crucial step towards a socially and economically stable life trajectory. With the shift towards a knowledge economy, this transition is growing in importance. In collective skill formation systems, apprentice recruiters are gatekeepers to dual VET. Previous research shows that the egalitarian values of these recruiters have had a positive correlation with a tendency to lower the hiring criteria and to be more inclusive towards low achievers. In this chapter, quantitative and qualitative methods are used to pinpoint the factors that are linked to egalitarian, or inegalitarian, attitudes among Swiss employers. The findings reveal that employers with higher skill demands are less likely to be egalitarian and place high importance in apprentice candidates’ grade averages. Furthermore, the highly visible employers are more likely to harbour egalitarian attitudes towards low achievers in VET as opposed to the less visible employers.