bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the mass and self-coupling of ultra-light scalar field dark matter using observational limits on galactic central mass
Authors: Chakrabarti Sayan , Dave Bihag , Dutta Koushik , Goswami Gaurav 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is well known that Ultra-Light Dark Matter (ULDM), usually scalar fields of massm∼ 10-22eV, can solve some of the outstanding problems of the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) paradigm. Such a scalar field could have non-negligible self-couplingλ. In this work, using the known observational upper limit on the amount of centrally concentrated dark matter in a galaxy, we arrive at the observational constraints in theλ-m(self coupling-mass) parameter space. It is found that the observational limit on the mass m of the ULDM depends upon the sign and strength of the self-interactions. We demonstrate that, form∼ 10-22eV, self-coupling values of 𝒪(10-96) (corresponding to a scattering length ofas∼ 10-82m) can be probed using limits on the dark matter mass within 10 pc of the centre of M87 galaxy. Our analysis suggests that if Ultra Light Axion particles (ULAs) form all of dark matter, dark matter particle mass must be less than ∼ 6 × 10-23eV.
Weak gravity conjecture from conformal field theory: a challenge from hyperscaling violating and Kerr-Newman-AdS black holes
Authors: Sadeghi Jafar , Shokri Mehdi , Alipour Mohammad Reza , Gashti Saeed Noori 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We search for a possible relationship between weak gravity conjecture (WGC) and conformal field theory (CFT) in hyperscaling violating and Kerr-Newman-AdS black holes. We deal with the critical points of the black hole systems using the correlation function introduced in CFT and discuss WGC conditions using the imaginary part of the energy obtained from the critical points and their poles. Under the assumptions

,

, and

, we link WGC to hyperscaling violating black holes owing to the existence of

values larger and smaller than one. For the second black hole system, we study the conditions of WGC for Kerr-Newman-AdS black holes using rotation and radius parameters. Then, we show that the conditions of WGC are satisfied when the charged particle near the hyperscaling violating and Kerr-Newman black holes is

with a ratio

.
Isotope effects under the influence of global radial electric fields in a helical configuration
Authors: Moritaka T. , Sugama H. , Cole M.D.J. , Hager R. , Ku S. , Chang C.S. , Ishiguro S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Isotope effects under the influence of a radial electric field are examined in a helical magnetic field configuration. We perform global gyrokinetic simulations with additional poloidal rotations to estimate quasi-linear heat flux due to ion temperature gradient mode under the mixing length model. In single-ion-species plasmas, the mass number dependency of heat flux agrees with gyro-Bohm scaling in the absence of a radial electric field. Favorable mass number dependencies violating gyro-Bohm scaling are observed in the presence of a global radial electric field or a heavy hydrogen component in multi-ion-species plasmas. The radial electric field and the heavy hydrogen component affect the heat flux through an increase of wavelength as well as mode stabilization. Poloidal Mach number characterizes the transition from unfavorable to favorable mass number dependency under radial electric fields. While the heat flux is independent of mass number for a given poloidal Mach number, the heat flux decreases for higher mass numbers in a given radial electric field. The heat flux is also independent of average mass number in multi-ion-species plasmas because the heavy hydrogen component effectively enhances the light hydrogen heat flux. The present results are potentially relevant to the violation of gyro-Bohm scaling observed in the recent deuterium experiments in the Large Helical Device.
Effect of Cu substitution on anion redox behaviour in P3-type sodium manganese oxides
Authors: Linnell Stephanie F , Manche Alexis G , Liao Yingling , Hirsbrunner Moritz , Imada Saki , Naden Aaron B , Irvine John T S , Duda Laurent C , Armstrong A Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sodium layered oxides which display oxygen anion redox behaviour are considered promising positive electrodes for sodium-ion batteries because they offer increased specific capacities. However, they suffer from irreversible structural changes resulting in significant capacity loss and limited oxygen redox reversibility. Here the effect of Cu substitution on the electrochemical performance of P3-type sodium manganese oxide is examined by evaluating the structural and electronic structural evolution upon cycling, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Over the voltage range 1.8–3.8 V vs. Na/Na+, where the redox reactions of the transition metal ions contribute entirely towards the charge compensation mechanism, stable cycling performance is maintained, showing a capacity retention of 90% of the initial discharge capacity of 166 mA h g−1 after 40 cycles at 10 mA g−1. Over an extended voltage range of 1.8–4.3 V vs. Na/Na+, oxygen anion redox is invoked, with a voltage hysteresis of 110 mV and a greater initial discharge capacity of 195 mA h g−1 at 10 mA g−1 is reached. Ex-situ powder x-ray diffraction patterns reveal distortion of the P3 structure to P′3 after charge to 4.3 V, and then transformation to O′3 upon discharge to 1.8 V, which contributes towards the capacity fade observed between the voltage range 1.8–4.3 V. DFT with projected density of states calculations reveal a strong covalency between the copper and oxygen atoms which facilitate both the cationic and anionic redox reactions in P3-type Na0.67Mn0.9Cu0.1O2.
Prediction of malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia using machine learning
Authors: Ingham James , Smith Caroline I , Ellis Barnaby G , Whitley Conor A , Triantafyllou Asterios , Gunning Philip J , Barrett Steve D , Gardener Peter , Shaw Richard J , Risk Janet M , Weightman Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A machine learning algorithm (MLA) has been applied to a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) dataset previously analysed with a principal component analysis (PCA) linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model. This comparison has confirmed the robustness of FTIR as a prognostic tool for oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). The MLA is able to predict malignancy with a sensitivity of 84 ± 3% and a specificity of 79 ± 3%. It provides key wavenumbers that will be important for the development of devices that can be used for improved prognosis of OED.
Metabolic rate shapes differences in foraging efficiency among honeybee foragers
Authors: Cassano Julian , Naug Dhruba 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metabolic rate is the rate at which organisms process energy and is often considered as the fundamental driver of life history processes. The link between metabolic rate and life history is critically mediated via foraging, which shapes the energy acquisition patterns of an individual. This predicts that individuals with different metabolic rates likely vary in their foraging strategies, although such a link has rarely been empirically investigated in the context of optimal foraging theory—a powerful framework for understanding how animals maximize their foraging returns. Many central place foragers such as honeybees maximize their energetic efficiency rather than the rate of energetic gain, given the critical role of energetic costs in foraging decisions. We therefore tested if individuals with low and high metabolic rates differ in efficiency maximization, using genetic lines of honeybees with different metabolic rates. Our results show that low metabolic rate foragers visit more flowers during a foraging trip and have a higher energetic efficiency than high metabolic rate foragers in both low and high resource conditions. We discuss the significance of these results in the context of division of labor and the adaptive role of phenotypic diversity in metabolic rate in a social insect colony.
HiHi fMRI: a data-reordering method for measuring the hemodynamic response of the brain with high temporal resolution and high SNR
Authors: Nagy Zoltan , Hutton Chloe , David Gergely , Hinterholzer Natalie , Deichmann Ralf , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Vannesjo S Johanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that sampling the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response with high temporal resolution opens up new avenues to study the in vivo functioning of the human brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Because the speed of sampling and the signal level are intrinsically connected in magnetic resonance imaging via the T1 relaxation time, optimization efforts usually must make a trade-off to increase the temporal sampling rate at the cost of the signal level. We present a method, which combines a sparse event-related stimulus paradigm with subsequent data reshuffling to achieve high temporal resolution while maintaining high signal levels (HiHi). The proof-of-principle is presented by separately measuring the single-voxel time course of the BOLD response in both the primary visual and primary motor cortices with 100-ms temporal resolution.
Altered synaptic protein expression, aberrant spine morphology, and impaired spatial memory inDlgap2mutant mice, a genetic model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Yen , Tuan Li-Heng , Chang Ho-Ching , Wang Yu-Chun , Chen Chia-Hsiang , Shy Horng-Tzer , Lee Li-Jen , Gau Susan Shur-Fen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA microdeletion of approximately 2.4 Mb at the 8p23 terminal region has been identified in a Taiwanese autistic boy. Among the products transcribed/translated from genes mapped in this region, the reduction of DLGAP2, a postsynaptic scaffold protein, might be involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DLGAP2 protein was detected in the hippocampus yet abolished in homozygous Dlgap2 knockout (Dlgap2 KO) mice. In this study, we characterized the hippocampal phenotypes in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Dlgap2 KO mice exhibited impaired spatial memory, indicating poor hippocampal function in the absence of DLGAP2. Aberrant expressions of postsynaptic proteins, including PSD95, SHANK3, HOMER1, GluN2A, GluR2, mGluR1, mGluR5, βCAMKII, ERK1/2, ARC, BDNF, were noticed in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Further, the spine density was increased in Dlgap2 KO mice, while the ratio of mushroom-type spines was decreased. We also observed a thinner postsynaptic density thickness in Dlgap2 KO mice at the ultrastructural level. These structural changes found in the hippocampus of Dlgap2 KO mice might be linked to impaired hippocampus-related cognitive functions such as spatial memory. Mice with Dlgap2 deficiency, showing signs of intellectual disability, a common co-occurring condition in patients with ASD, could be a promising animal model which may advance our understanding of ASD.
Differences and commonalities in the genetic architecture of protein quantitative trait loci in European and Arab populations
Authors: Thareja Gaurav , Belkadi Aziz , Arnold Matthias , Albagha Omar M E , Graumann Johannes , Schmidt Frank , Grallert Harald , Peters Annette , Gieger Christian , Consortium The Qatar Genome Program Research , Suhre Karsten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolygenic scores (PGS) can identify individuals at risk of adverse health events and guide genetics-based personalized medicine. However, it is not clear how well PGS translate between different populations, limiting their application to well-studied ethnicities. Proteins are intermediate traits linking genetic predisposition and environmental factors to disease, with numerous blood circulating protein levels representing functional readouts of disease-related processes. We hypothesized that studying the genetic architecture of a comprehensive set of blood-circulating proteins between a European and an Arab population could shed fresh light on the translatability of PGS to understudied populations. We therefore conducted a genome-wide association study with whole-genome sequencing data using 1301 proteins measured on the SOMAscan aptamer-based affinity proteomics platform in 2935 samples of Qatar Biobank and evaluated the replication of protein quantitative traits (pQTLs) from European studies in an Arab population. Then, we investigated the colocalization of shared pQTL signals between the two populations. Finally, we compared the performance of protein PGS derived from a Caucasian population in a European and an Arab cohort. We found that the majority of shared pQTL signals (81.8%) colocalized between both populations. About one-third of the genetic protein heritability was explained by protein PGS derived from a European cohort, with protein PGS performing ~20% better in Europeans when compared to Arabs. Our results are relevant for the translation of PGS to non-Caucasian populations, as well as for future efforts to extend genetic research to understudied populations.
Augmenting mitral valve repair evaluation with intraoperative left ventricle pressure measurements
Authors: Issa Hugo , Deng Mimi , Rahmouni Kenza , Chan Vincent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Surgical mitral valve repair remains the gold standard treatment of mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease. Surgery is performed on the quiescent heart; therefore, assessments of valve repair success can only be made following separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. Intra-ventricular pressure measurements are often made in percutaneous valve procedures but has yet been described at the time of surgical repair. As an example, the saline test, whereby normal saline is injected across the mitral valve from the left atrium into the left ventricle, on the arrested heart remains an integral component of surgical repair. However, the haemodynamics of the saline test have never been evaluated. We present a simple and novel technique to quantify the saline test by passing a 22-G catheter across the mitral leaflets during saline testing under maximal ventricle distension. The saline test may be less informative among patients in whom the maximum generated left ventricle diastolic pressure is low. These data may be of help to a surgeon interpreting intraoperative saline tests with the hope of a competent mitral valve. As well, it may provide support for intraventricular pressure monitoring at the time of mitral valve surgery.
Gradient Estimate for the Heat Kernel on Some Fractal-Like Cable Systems and Quasi-Riesz Transforms
Authors: Devyver Baptiste , Russ Emmanuel , Yang Meng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We give pointwise upper estimate for the gradient of the heat kernel on some fractal-like cable systems including the Vicsek and the Sierpiński cable systems. Applications to $L^{p}$-boundedness of quasi-Riesz transforms are derived.
CFD analysis of phase-change material-based heat storage with dimple-shaped fins: evaluation of fin configuration and distribution pattern
Authors: Khedher Nidhal Ben , Mahdi Jasim M , Majdi Hasan S , Khosravi Koorosh , Al-Azzawi Waleed Khalid , Al-Qrimli Fadhil Abbas , Dhahbi Sami , Talebizadehsardari Pouyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phase-change materials (PCMs) have a remarkable potential for use as efficient energy storage means. However, their poor response rates during energy storage and retrieval modes require the use of heat transfer enhancers to combat these limitations. This research marks the first attempt to explore the potential of dimple-shaped fins for the enhancement of PCM thermal response in a shell-and-tube casing. Fin arrays with different dimensions and diverse distribution patterns were designed and studied to assess the effect of modifying the fin geometric parameters and distribution patterns in various spatial zones of the physical domain. The results indicate that increasing the number of dimple fins in the range of 8–32 results in faster heat storage rates by up to 8.7% faster than they would be without the dimple fins. Further improvements of approximately 1.4, 1.2, 1.1, and 1.0% can be obtained by optimizing the position of the first fin section, the spacing between other fin sections, the fin spacing based on the aromatic algorithm, and the use of the staggered fin distribution. The heat storage rate is improved by almost 12% for the best case compared with that of the no-fin case.
Do people learn about politics on social media? A meta-analysis of 76 studies
Authors: Amsalem Eran , Zoizner Alon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Citizens turn increasingly to social media to get their political information. However, it is currently unclear whether using these platforms actually makes them more politically knowledgeable. While some researchers claim that social media play a critical role in the learning of political information within the modern media environment, others posit that the great potential for learning about politics on social media is rarely fulfilled. The current study tests which of these conflicting theoretical claims is supported by the existing empirical literature. A preregistered meta-analysis of 76 studies (N = 442,136) reveals no evidence of any political learning on social media in observational studies, and statistically significant but substantively small increases in knowledge in experiments. These small-to-nonexistent knowledge gains are observed across social media platforms, types of knowledge, countries, and periods. Our findings suggest that the contribution of social media toward a more politically informed citizenry is minimal.
Organelles and phytohormones: a network of interactions in plant stress responses
Authors: Bittner Andras , Cieśla Agata , Gruden Kristina , Lukan Tjaša , Mahmud Sakil , Teige Markus , Vothknecht Ute C , Wurzinger Bernhard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phytohormones are major signaling components that contribute to nearly all aspects of plant life. They constitute an interconnected communication network to fine-tune growth and development in response to the ever-changing environment. To this end, they have to coordinate with other signaling components, such as reactive oxygen species and calcium signals. On the one hand, the two endosymbiotic organelles, plastids and mitochondria, control various aspects of phytohormone signaling and harbor important steps of hormone precursor biosynthesis. On the other hand, phytohormones have feedback actions on organellar functions. In addition, organelles and phytohormones often act in parallel in a coordinated matter to regulate cellular functions. Therefore, linking organelle functions with increasing knowledge of phytohormone biosynthesis, perception, and signaling will reveal new aspects of plant stress tolerance. In this review, we highlight recent work on organelle–phytohormone interactions focusing on the major stress-related hormones abscisic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and ethylene.
Plant transcripts with long or structured upstream open reading frames in theNDL25ʹ UTR can escape nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in a reinitiation-independent manner
Authors: Cymerman Miryam A , Saul Helen , Farhi Ronit , Vexler Karina , Gottlieb Dror , Berezin Irina , Shaul Orit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany eukaryotic transcripts contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Translated uORFs can inhibit the translation of main ORFs by imposing the need for reinitiation of translation. Translated uORFs can also lead to transcript degradation by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. In mammalian cells, translated uORFs were shown to target their transcripts to NMD if the uORFs were long (&gt;23–32 amino acids), structured, or inhibit reinitiation. Reinitiation was shown to rescue uORF-containing mammalian transcripts from NMD. Much less is known about the significance of the length, structure, and reinitiation efficiency of translated uORFs for NMD targeting in plants. Although high-throughput studies suggested that uORFs do not globally reduce plant transcript abundance, it was not clear whether this was due to NMD-escape-permitting parameters of uORF recognition, length, structure, or reinitiation efficiency. We expressed in Arabidopsis reporter genes that included NDL2 5ʹ untranslated region and various uORFs with modulation of the above parameters. We found that transcripts can escape NMD in plants even when they include efficiently translated uORFs up to 70 amino acids long, or structured uORFs, in the absence of reinitiation. These data highlight an apparent difference between the rules that govern the exposure of uORF-containing transcripts to NMD in mammalian and plant cells.
Dynamics of Rubisco regulation by sugar phosphate derivatives and their phosphatases
Authors: Orr Douglas J , Robijns Alice K J , Baker Christopher R , Niyogi Krishna K , Carmo-Silva Elizabete 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Regulating the central CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is as complex as its ancient reaction mechanism and involves interaction with a series of cofactors and auxiliary proteins that activate catalytic sites and maintain activity. A key component among the regulatory mechanisms is the binding of sugar phosphate derivatives that inhibit activity. Removal of inhibitors via the action of Rubisco activase is required to restore catalytic competency. In addition, specific phosphatases dephosphorylate newly released inhibitors, rendering them incapable of binding to Rubisco catalytic sites. The best studied inhibitor is 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P), a naturally occurring nocturnal inhibitor that accumulates in most species during darkness and low light, progressively binding to Rubisco. As light increases, Rubisco activase removes CA1P from Rubisco, and the specific phosphatase CA1Pase dephosphorylates CA1P to CA, which cannot bind Rubisco. Misfire products of Rubisco’s complex reaction chemistry can also act as inhibitors. One example is xylulose-1,5-bisphosphate (XuBP), which is dephosphorylated by XuBPase. Here we revisit key findings related to sugar phosphate derivatives and their specific phosphatases, highlighting outstanding questions and how further consideration of these inhibitors and their role is important for better understanding the regulation of carbon assimilation.
The jet formation mechanism of gamma-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Chen (陈永云) Yongyun , Gu (顾秋生) Qiusheng , Fan (樊军辉) Junhui , Yu (俞效龄) Xiaoling , Ding (丁楠) Nan , Guo (郭晓通) Xiaotong , Xiong (熊定荣) Dingrong 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Under a coronal magnetic field, we estimate the maximal jet power of the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) mechanism, Blandford–Payne (BP) mechanism, and hybrid model. The jet power of the BZ and hybrid model mechanisms depends on the spin of the black hole, while the jet power of the BP mechanism does not depend on the spin of the black hole. At high black hole spin, the jet power of the hybrid model is greater than that of the BZ and BP mechanisms. We find that the jet power of almost all gamma-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (γNLS1s) can be explained by the hybrid model. However, one source with jet power ∼0.1–1 Eddington luminosity cannot be explained by the hybrid model. We suggest that a magnetic field dragged inward by the accretion disc with magnetization-driven outflows may accelerate the jets in this γNLS1.