bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Effective Hole Transport Channels in Cross‐Linked Hole Transport Layer by Stacking Discotic Molecules for High Performance Deep Blue QLEDs
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Li Dewang , Zhang Zhenhu , Liu Hongli , Wang Shirong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe inadequate hole injection limits the efficiency and lifetime of the blue quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), which severely hampers their commercial applications. Here a new discotic molecule of 3,6,10,11‐tetrakis(pentyloxy)triphenylene‐2,7‐diyl bis(2,2‐dimethylpropanoate) (T5DP‐2,7) is introduced, in which the hole transport channels with superior hole mobility (2.6 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1) is formed by stacking. The composite hole transport material (HTM) is prepared by blending T5DP‐2,7 with the cross‐linked 4,4′‐ bis(3‐vinyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,1′biphenyl (CBP‐V) which shows the deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level. The increased hole mobility of the target composite HTM from 10–4 to 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 as well as the stepwise energy levels facilitates the hole transport, which would be beneficial for more balanced carrier injection. This composite hole transport layer (HTL) has improved the deep‐blue‐emission performances of Commission International de I'Eclairage of (0.14, 0.04), luminance of 44080 cd m−2, and external quantum efficiency of 18.59%. Furthermore, when L0 is 100 cd m−2, the device lifetime T50 is extended from 139 to 502 h. The state‐of‐the‐art performance shows the successful promotion of the high‐efficiency for deep blue QLEDs, and indicates that the optimizing HTL by discotic molecule stacking can serve as an excellent alternative for the development of HTL in the future.
Ultralarge Stokes Shift Phosphorescence Artificial Harvesting Supramolecular System with Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Huo Man , Dai Xian‐Yin , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA two‐step sequential phosphorescence harvesting system with ultralarge Stokes shift and near‐infrared (NIR) emission at 825 nm is successfully constructed by racemic 1,2‐diaminocyclohexan‐derived 6‐bromoisoquinoline (BQ), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), and amphipathic sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4AD) via cascaded assembly strategy in aqueous solution. In virtue of the confinement effect of CB[8] with rigid cavity, BQ can generate an emerging phosphorescent emission at 555 nm. Subsequently, the binary BQ⊂CB[8] further assemblies with SC4AD to form close‐packed spherical aggregate, which contributes to the dramatic enhancement of phosphorescence emission intensity ≈30 times with prolonged lifetime from 21.3 µs to 0.364 ms. Notably, the BQ⊂CB[8]@SC4AD assembly can serve as an energy donor to conduct stepwise phosphorescence harvesting process through successive introduction of primary acceptors, cyanine 5 (Cy5) or nile blue (NiB), and secondary acceptor, heptamethine cyanine (IR780). The final aggregate with remarkable ultralarge Stokes shift (≈525 nm) and long‐lived NIR photoluminescence (PL) emission at 825 nm is further employed as imaging agent for NIR cell labeling.
Investigation of the drag reduction of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide–xanthan gum composite solution in turbulent flow
Authors: Li Entian , Zheng Lehua , Li Yingping , Fan Liutong , Zhao Shushi , Liu Songling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the rheological properties, drag reduction properties, and flow field characteristics of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution, xanthan gum (XG) solution, and HPAM–XG composite solution were analyzed to explore the synergistic effect of flexible and rigid polymer. The experimental results show that the viscoelasticity and shear thinning of the composite solution are significantly enhanced compared with single‐component solution, which indicates that the rigid XG has an effect on the viscoelasticity of the flexible HPAM solution. Compared with the single‐component solution, the drag reduction rate of HPAM–XG composite solution is higher, and the mean flow field of HPAM–XG composite solution changes less after being sheared for 300 minutes, which means that not only the drag reduction effect of composite solution is better, but also the shear resistance. Compared with single‐component solution, the mean velocity distribution of the composite solution moves upwards most obviously in the logarithmic layer, the peak of velocity fluctuation in the main flow direction of composite solution is higher, the suppression degree of normal velocity fluctuation is deepened, and the corresponding vorticity intensity is also reduced. These changes in the flow field characteristics explain the reason for the drag reduction gain of the composite solution.
Intracting als Finanzierungsinstrument für Energiesparmaßnahmen bei Hochschulgebäuden
Authors: Knissel Jens , Ehlert Marius 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDas Finanzierungsinstrument Intracting schafft beim hochschulinternen Energiemanagement positive finanzielle und organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen für die kontinuierliche Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz der Hochschulgebäude. So werden die vorhandenen oft hochwirtschaftlichen Energieeinsparpotenziale aktiv erschlossen. Beim Intracting werden mit einer einmaligen Anschubfinanzierung erste Energiesparmaßnahmen umgesetzt. Die erzielten Energiekosteneinsparungen werden einer sogenannten Intracting‐Kostenstelle gutgeschrieben und in neue Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen reinvestiert. So ergeben sich weitere Energiekosteneinsparungen, die wiederum gutgeschrieben und reinvestiert werden usw. Dieser Intracting‐Kreislauf führt bei richtiger Ausgestaltung zu einem exponentiellen Anstieg der verfügbaren Finanzmittel. In den ersten 15 Jahren können so Investitionen in Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen umgesetzt werden, die etwa dem 20‐fachen der Anschubfinanzierung entsprechen, wodurch die CO2‐Emissionen der Gebäude substanziell gesenkt werden.Das Forschungsprojekt „Intracting an Hochschulen – IntrHo” untersucht die Ausgestaltung, Einführung und Anwendung von Intracting an Hochschulen und entwickelt benötigte Planungs‐ und Umsetzungshilfsmittel. Zentrale Ergebnisse werden hier vorgestellt. Sie sind weitestgehend auf Kommunen übertragbar.
EASY‐APP: An artificial intelligence model and application for early and easy prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Kui Balázs , Pintér József , Molontay Roland , Nagy Marcell , Farkas Nelli , Gede Noémi , Vincze Áron , Bajor Judit , Gódi Szilárd , Czimmer József , Szabó Imre , Illés Anita , Sarlós Patrícia , Hágendorn Roland , Pár Gabriella , Papp Mária , Vitális Zsuzsanna , Kovács György , Fehér Eszter , Földi Ildikó , Izbéki Ferenc , Gajdán László , Fejes Roland , Németh Balázs Csaba , Török Imola , Farkas Hunor , Mickevicius Artautas , Sallinen Ville , Galeev Shamil , Ramírez‐Maldonado Elena , Párniczky Andrea , Erőss Bálint , Hegyi Péter Jenő , Márta Katalin , Váncsa Szilárd , Sutton Robert , Szatmary Peter , Latawiec Diane , Halloran Chris , de‐Madaria Enrique , Pando Elizabeth , Alberti Piero , Gómez‐Jurado Maria José , Tantau Alina , Szentesi Andrea , Hegyi Péter ,   the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially severe or even fatal inflammation of the pancreas. Early identification of patients at high risk for developing a severe course of the disease is crucial for preventing organ failure and death. Most of the former predictive scores require many parameters or at least 24 h to predict the severity; therefore, the early therapeutic window is often missed.MethodsThe early achievable severity index (EASY) is a multicentre, multinational, prospective and observational study (ISRCTN10525246). The predictions were made using machine learning models. We used the scikit‐learn, xgboost and catboost Python packages for modelling. We evaluated our models using fourfold cross‐validation, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and accuracy metrics were calculated on the union of the test sets of the cross‐validation. The most critical factors and their contribution to the prediction were identified using a modern tool of explainable artificial intelligence called SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).ResultsThe prediction model was based on an international cohort of 1184 patients and a validation cohort of 3543 patients. The best performing model was an XGBoost classifier with an average AUC score of 0.81 ± 0.033 and an accuracy of 89.1%, and the model improved with experience. The six most influential features were the respiratory rate, body temperature, abdominal muscular reflex, gender, age and glucose level. Using the XGBoost machine learning algorithm for prediction, the SHAP values for the explanation and the bootstrapping method to estimate confidence, we developed a free and easy‐to‐use web application in the Streamlit Python‐based framework (http://easy‐app.org/).ConclusionsThe EASY prediction score is a practical tool for identifying patients at high risk for severe AP within hours of hospital admission. The web application is available for clinicians and contributes to the improvement of the model.
In‐operando crystallization study of zinc nitrate hexahydrate using zinc oxide nucleators
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Noh Juran , Shamberger Patrick , Yu Choongho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSupercooling (∆TSup) is one of the crucial problems in utilizing a phase change material (PCM), which has been attempted to overcome using nucleators possessing small lattice disregistry without comprehensive understanding of the nucleation phenomenon. Here, this work studies the interactions between nucleators and PCM via in‐operando direct visualization for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to better understand the crystallization process during freezing of a PCM using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZNH) and a zinc oxide (ZnO) nucleator. According to our in‐operando study, freezing was randomly initiated by only a fraction of the nucleator particles during each thermal cycling. However, previously unresponsive nucleators also suddenly crystalized PCM when the propagating crystal encountered them, improving the crystal initiation and thereby ∆TSup. Consequently, for equal wt% of ZnO, better nucleation behavior was obtained using uniformly distributed small nucleator particles throughout the PCM, as compared to either large or poorly distributed aggregated nucleators. DSC results using ZnO‐needle as nucleator confirmed a 38% and 33.3% lower ∆TSup upon employing 5 wt% small (individual) particles (~4 μm on average), as compared to using equal wt% of small (aggregated) particle clusters (~200 μm) and large particles (~46 μm), respectively. Crystallization of ZNH caused additional hair‐like ZnO growth preferentially decorated along lateral faces of the original nucleator particles. The in‐operando studies are valuable tools to correlate inherent crystallization phenomena to the practical thermal energy storage properties of the system.
Validated algorithms for identifying timing of second event of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma using real‐world data
Authors: Khair Shahreen , Dort Joseph C. , Quan May Lynn , Cheung Winson Y. , Sauro Khara M. , Nakoneshny Steven C. , Popowich Brittany Lynn , Liu Ping , Wu Guosong , Xu Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding occurrence and timing of second events (recurrence and second primary cancer) is essential for cancer specific survival analysis. However, this information is not readily available in administrative data.MethodsAlberta Cancer Registry, physician claims, and other administrative data were used. Timing of second event was estimated based on our developed algorithm. For validation, the difference, in days between the algorithm estimated and the chart‐reviewed timing of second event. Further, the result of Cox‐regression modeling cancer‐free survival was compared to chart review data.ResultsMajority (74.3%) of the patients had a difference between the chart‐reviewed and algorithm‐estimated timing of second event falling within the 0–60 days window. Kaplan–Meier curves generated from the estimated data and chart review data were comparable with a 5‐year second‐event‐free survival rate of 75.4% versus 72.5%.ConclusionThe algorithm provided an estimated timing of second event similar to that of the chart review.
Student pharmacists' perspectives on health equity following a co‐curricular activity
Authors: Irwin Adriane N. , Munar Myrna Y. , Olstad Stacey , Braden‐Suchy Natalea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing awareness of the social determinants of health and their effect on health disparities is essential to developing clinicians prepared to practice in today's health care environment. Co‐curricular programs often include service learning, which provides an opportunity for students to advance their learning on health equity.ObjectivesDescribe student learning using reflections written after participation in a health fair that provided free health services to the homeless population in the downtown area of a metropolitan city.MethodsOpen‐ended responses from a standardized post‐activity reflection exercise were content analyzed for key themes. Data were analyzed with immersion‐crystallization qualitative methods.ResultsA total of 14 reflections were included with four themes emerging. First, students applied concepts related to the social determinants of health and identified barriers to accessing health services for underserved patient populations. Second, students reflected on how language and other elements of communication supported positive patient interactions. Third, students demonstrated self‐awareness, which included personal and professional growth, through observations and interactions with community members. Fourth, students reflected on the importance of trust and mutual respect within the patient‐provider relationship.ConclusionPublic health outreach is a frequent component of co‐curricular programs and service learning. Student reflections demonstrated how engagement in an activity focused on an underserved population increased awareness of the social determinants of health and health equity, as well as resulted in self‐awareness and growth as future health care professionals. Future research should further examine what learning occurs across a broader scope of service activities with the long‐term goal of fostering engagement and empowering students to actively address health disparities.
Multiphoton microscopy assessment of the structure and variability changes of dermal connective tissue in vulvar lichen sclerosus: A pilot study
Authors: Potapov Arseniy L. , Sirotkina Marina A. , Matveev Lev A. , Dudenkova Varvara V. , Elagin Vadim V. , Kuznetsov Sergey S. , Karabut Maria M. , Komarova Anastasia D. , Vagapova Nailya N. , Safonov Ivan K. , Kuznetsova Irina A. , Radenska‐Lopovok Stefka G. , Zagaynova Elena V. , Gladkova Natalia D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we offer a novel classification of progressive changes in the connective tissue of dermis in vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) relying on quantitative assessment of the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal received from formalin fixed and deparaffinized tissue sections. We formulate criteria for distinguishing four degrees of VLS development: Initial‐Mild‐Moderate‐Severe. Five quantitative characteristics (length and thickness type I Collagen fibers, Mean SHG signal intensity, Skewness and Coherence SHG signal) are used to describe the sequential degradation of connective tissue (changes in the structure, orientation, shape and density of collagen fibers) up to the formation of specific homogeneous masses. Each of the degrees has a characteristic set of quantitatively expressed features. We focus on the identification and description of early, initial changes of the dermis as the least specific. The results obtained by us and the proposed classification of the degrees of the disease can be used to objectify the dynamics of tissue changes during treatment.
Comparison of day‐case versus inpatient uni‐compartmental knee replacement
Authors: Gao Neng‐Ping , Al‐Dadah Oday 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUni‐compartmental knee replacement (UKR) is an alternative to total knee replacement for patients who have isolated compartment osteoarthritis. Studies have demonstrated that UKR can be safely performed as a day‐case procedure without a negative impact on complication rates. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between day‐case and inpatient UKRs.MethodsA single surgeon prospective case‐controlled study was performed, comparing data between day‐case UKRs and inpatient UKRs. This included longitudinal analysis of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs); including the Oxford Knee Score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Short Form 12‐item Health Survey, EQ‐5D‐5L and the Self‐administered Comorbidity Questionnaire. Post‐operative pain scores (visual analogue scale), unplanned post‐operative hospital reattendance rates and complications were also analysed.ResultsOverall, 100% of day‐case patients were successfully discharged on the same day. Both inpatient (n = 23) and day‐case (n = 23) UKRs demonstrated a significant within group longitudinal improvement of PROM scores (p < 0.05) following surgery. However, the post‐operative PROM scores were significantly higher in the day‐case group as compared to the inpatient group (p < 0.05). Both groups had comparable post‐operative pain scores, but the day‐case group demonstrated fewer unplanned reattendances and post‐operative complications.ConclusionThe clinical outcomes of day‐case UKR are superior to inpatient UKR. Careful patient selection and a robust multidisciplinary patient pathway are the key components to success of day‐case joint replacement surgery.Level of evidenceProspective Case‐Control Study, level III.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of aprepitant‐based anti‐emetic regimen for children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy: Individual patient data analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Sra Manraj Singh , Ganguly Shuvadeep , Sasi Archana , Sharma Priya , Giri Rupak Kumar , Rasheed Azgar Abdul , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAprepitant has been shown to reduce chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). In this study, we assessed the cost‐effectiveness of aprepitant for children receiving HEC in India, United Kingdom, and the United States.ProcedureWe utilized individual patient‐level outcome data from a pediatric randomized trial, which demonstrated the superiority of an aprepitant‐based anti‐emetic prophylaxis over standard ondansetron and dexamethasone for HEC. Health state for each day of follow‐up was analyzed and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated. The incremental cost‐utility ratio (ICUR), incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER), and net monetary benefit (NMB) for each country were estimated. Sensitivity analyses by varying cost of aprepitant, hospitalization, and health state utility values by ±25% were conducted.ResultsUse of the aprepitant‐based regimen resulted in gain of 0.0019 QALY per chemotherapy cycle along with cost savings of $22.25, $1335.52, and $6612.10 for India, United Kingdom, and the United States, respectively. The cost savings per QALY was estimated to be $12,355.84 for India, $734,282.90 for the United Kingdom, and $3,567,564.11 for the United States. The cost savings for 50% gain in the percentage of days without grade 3 vomiting was $124.18 for India, $7451.63 for the United Kingdom, and $36,892.76 for the United States. The NMB for gain in QALY was $33.62, $1418.60, and $6727.01 for India, United Kingdom, and the United States, respectively. The estimates remained cost‐effective across all scenarios of the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionAprepitant‐based anti‐emetic regimen is cost‐effective for children receiving HEC. It results in overall cost savings and reduced healthcare‐resource utilization.
Bending properties and failure behavior of 3D printed fiber reinforced resin T‐beam
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Shan Zhongde , Chen Ken , Wang Shaozong , Zou Ailing , Sun Qili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFiber‐reinforced resin T‐beams have a wide range of applications. The forming of T‐beams based on the fused deposition process provides a new method for its manufacture. This paper studied the key process parameters of 3D printing continuous fiber and short fiber reinforced resin T‐beams. The results show that continuous fiber reinforced resin T‐beams with similar fiber volume fractions have better bending performance than shorter fiber reinforced resin T‐beams. When the printing layer thickness is 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm and 0.9 mm, the flexural strength and modulus of the continuous fiber reinforced resin T‐beam are obviously lower with the increase of the layer thickness. Under the printing path 0°, ±45°, 90°, the short fiber reinforced resin T‐beam with the 0°path has the highest flexural strength and modulus. Furthermore, T‐beam with different printing path have significantly different bending failure behavior. The work provided a new approach to the production of beam structures of the actual engineering application.
An AuCl3‐CuCl2 catalyst on a Melamine‐modified Carbon Support with High Coke‐resistance for Acetylene Hydrochlorination
Authors: Zeng Junjian , Zhao Jigang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to the pilot‐scale test and characterizations, it showed that coke deposits, which were mainly composed of aromatic compounds polymerized by unsaturated hydrocarbons, were one of the key factors restricting the performance of AuCl3‐CuCl2 bimetallic catalyst in acetylene hydrochlorination. Thus, melamine was adopted to modify the activated carbon (AC) support to improve the catalytic performance of the AuCl3‐CuCl2 bimetallic catalyst. The effects on the properties of supports and catalysts were studied by XPS, BET, TPD characterizations, it showed that the modified support (MAC) had been introduced nitrogen‐containing functional groups successfully, which effectively increased the stability of the active components of Au3+ and Au+ on the gold‐based catalyst, as well as the capability to adsorb HCl and desorb C2H2. After a continuous reaction of the modified catalyst under industrial space velocity conditions for 720 h, the conversion of acetylene and selectivity to vinyl chloride both remain above 99 %. Then SEM showed that the carbon support via nitrogen modification could efficiently inhibit coke deposits reaction, which also helped improve the catalytic performance and stability of the catalyst.
Fe‐Doped Porous g‐C3N4: An Efficient Electrocatalyst with Fe‐N Active Sites for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Wang Hefang , Sun Peidong , Jiang Hui , Li Xiaobao , Ma Xiaofei , Shao Kai , Wang Cui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, Fe‐C3N4‐TU was prepared by one‐step pyrolysis of melamine (MA, carbon and nitrogen sources of g‐C3N4) and Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O using thiourea (TU) as a pore‐forming agent. Fe‐C3N4‐TU exhibits a low Tafel slope of 82 mV ⋅ dec−1 and a low overpotential of 206 mV at the current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm−2. The good HER (Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction) catalytic performance of Fe‐C3N4‐TU is attributed to the high intrinsic activity of Fe−N(III) coordination structure and porous structure with the intersecting channels. The Fe−N(III) coordination structure is proved by the characterized results of the XRD, XPS, and FTIR, which originates from the strong affinity of rich pyridine N in the g‐C3N4 to Fe ions. Simultaneously, the addition of TU as a pore‐forming agent induces the formation of large specific surface area and mesoporous structures with large pore diameters, which facilitate the exposure of Fe−N bonds and promotes H adsorption in the HER process.