bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Beauty is a beast: Does leachate from the invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera affect aquatic food webs?
Authors: Diller Jens G. P. , Drescher Sophia , Hofmann Mario , Rabus Max , Feldhaar Heike , Laforsch Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvasive alien species are a major threat to ecosystems. Invasive terrestrial plants can produce allelochemicals which suppress native terrestrial biodiversity. However, it is not known if leached allelochemicals from invasive plants growing in riparian zones, such as Impatiens glandulifera, also affect freshwater ecosystems. We used mesocosms and laboratory experiments to test the impact of I. glandulifera on a simplified freshwater food web. Our mesocosm experiments show that leachate from I. glandulifera significantly reduced population growth rate of the water flea Daphnia magna and the green alga Acutodesmus obliquus, both keystone species of lakes and ponds. Laboratory experiments using the main allelochemical released by I. glandulifera, 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, revealed negative fitness effects in D. magna and A. obliquus. Our findings show that allelochemicals from I. glandulifera not only reduce biodiversity in terrestrial habitats but also pose a threat to freshwater ecosystems, highlighting the necessity to incorporate cross‐ecosystem effects in the risk assessment of invasive species.
Niche breadth and biodiversity change derived from marine Amphipoda species off Iceland
Authors: Lörz Anne‐Nina , Oldeland Jens , Kaiser Stefanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological requirements and thresholds of individual species is crucial to better predict potential outcomes of climate change on species distribution. In particular, species optima and lower and upper limits along resource gradients require attention. Based on Huisman‐Olff‐Fresco (HOF) models, we determined species‐specific responses along gradients of nine environmental parameters including depth in order to estimate niche attributes of 30 deep‐sea benthic amphipods occurring around Iceland. We, furthermore, examined the relationships between niche breadth, occupancy, and geographic range assuming that species with a wider niche are spatially more widely dispersed and vice versa. Overall, our results reveal that species react very differently to environmental gradients, which is independent of the family affiliation of the respective species. We could infer a strong relationship between occupancy and geographic range and also relate this to differences in niche breadth; that is specialist species with a narrow niche had a more limited distribution and may thus be more threatened by changing environmental conditions than generalist species, which are more widespread. Given the preponderance of rare species in the deep sea, this implies that many species could be at risk. However, this must be carefully weighed against geographical data gaps in this area, given that many deep‐sea areas are severely undersampled and the true distribution of most species is unknown. After all, our results underline that an accurate taxonomic classification is of crucial importance, without which ecological niche properties cannot be determined and which is hence fundamental for the assessment and understanding of changes in biodiversity in the face of increasing human perturbations.
Differences in prey availability across space and time lead to interaction rewiring and reshape a predator–prey metaweb
Authors: Ceron Karoline , Provete Diogo B. , Pires Mathias M. , Araujo Andréa C. , Blüthgen Nico , Santana Diego J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpace and time promote variation in network structure by affecting the likelihood of potential interactions. However, little is known about the relative roles of ecological and biogeographical processes in determining how species interactions vary across space and time. Here we study the spatiotemporal variation in predator–prey interaction networks formed by anurans and arthropods and test for the effects of prey availability in determining interaction patterns, information that is often absent and limits the understanding of the determinants of network structure. We found that network dissimilarity between ecoregions and seasons was high and primarily driven by interaction rewiring.We also found that species turnover was positively related to geographical distance. Using a null model approach to disentangle the effect of prey availability on the spatial and temporal variation, we show that differences in prey availability were important in determining the variation in network structure between seasons and among areas. Our study reveals that fluctuations in prey abundance, alongside the limited dispersal abilities of anurans and their prey, may be responsible for the spatial patterns that emerged in our predator–prey metaweb. These findings contribute to our understanding of the assembly rules that maintain biotic processes in metacommunities and highlight the importance of prey availability to the structure of these systems.
Biological invasions reveal how niche change affects the transferability of species distribution models
Authors: Liu Chunlong , Wolter Christian , Courchamp Franck , Roura‐Pascual Núria , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) have been widely applied to predict geographic ranges of species across space and time under the assumption of niche conservatism (i.e., species niches change very slowly). However, an increasing number of studies have reported evidence of rapid niche changes across space and time, which has sparked a widespread debate on whether SDMs can be transferred to new areas or time periods. Understanding how niche changes affect SDM transferability is thus crucial for the future application and improvement of SDMs. Biological invasions provide an opportunity to address this question due to the geographically independent distributions and diverse patterns of niche changes between species’ native and introduced ranges. Here, we synthesized findings on 217 species from 50 studies to elucidate the effects of niche change on the spatial transferability of SDMs. When niche change was considered as a categorical classification (conserved vs. shifted niches) in tests of the niche conservatism hypothesis, SDM transferability was markedly lower for species with a shifted niche in their introduced range. When niche change was measured as numerical dynamics between native and introduced niches, SDM transferability was high for species occupying similar environmental conditions in both ranges and low for species with more environmental space remaining unoccupied in the introduced range. Surprisingly, the number of presence points used for developing SDMs turned out to have an even stronger effect on transferability. Our results thus reveal detrimental effects of both niche change and lack of presence points on SDM transferability. It is necessary to consider both niche change and data quality for improving the transferability of SDMs, so that they can better support conservation management and policy decisions.
Predicting the risk of amputation and death in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. A long‐term prospective cohort study of patients in Tanzania
Authors: Abbas Zulfiqarali G. , Chockalingam Nachiappan , Lutale Janet K. , Naemi Roozbeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis prospective cohort study aimed to identify the characteristics of patients with diabetic foot ulcer who are at higher risk of amputation and at increased risk of death.MethodsAbout 103(M/F:60/43) participants, with active foot ulcer at baseline, participated in this study and followed for 22 years till death or lost to follow‐up. Ten clinical measures were collected at baseline. During the follow‐up of 4.2 ± 5.4 years, 22(M/F:14/8) participants had an amputation and 50(M/F:32/18) participants passed away during 5.5 ± 5.8 years follow‐up period.ResultsCox Proportional Hazard regression (HR[95%CI]) indicated neuropathy (6.415[1.119–36.778]); peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (9.741[1.932– 49.109]); current smoking (16.148[1.658–157.308]); diabetes type‐ 1 (3.228[1.151–9.048]) and longer delay attending appointment after ulcer (1.013[1.003–1.023]) were significantly (p < .05) associated with increased risk of amputation. In addition, death was significantly associated with the risk of amputation (3.458[1.243–9.621]). Three parameters (HR[95%CI]) including neuropathy (3.058[1.297–7.210]); PAD (5.069[2.113–12.160]); amputation history (3.689[1.306–10.423]) and retinopathy (2.389[1.227–4.653]) were all significantly associated with increased risk of death. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses indicates that the time to amputation in years for participants who eventually died was significantly shorter (11.122 ± 1.507) vs those who stayed alive (15.427 ± 1.370).ConclusionNeuropathy and PAD were the only two characteristics that increased both the risk of amputation and death. Amputation showed to contribute to an increased risk of death and those participants who eventually died had a higher risk of amputation. Delay in attending appointments after ulceration is shown to increase the risk of amputation. In addition, the participants with PAD showed a significantly shorter time to both amputation and death while neuropathy was only associated with decreased time to death. Amputation history and death during follow‐up decrease the time to death and amputation respectively.
Recommendations for developing a lifecycle, multidimensional assessment framework for mobile medical apps
Authors: Tarricone Rosanna , Petracca Francesco , Cucciniello Maria , Ciani Oriana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital health and mobile medical apps (MMAs) have shown great promise in transforming health care, but their adoption in clinical care has been unsatisfactory, and regulatory guidance and coverage decisions have been lacking or incomplete. A multidimensional assessment framework for regulatory, policymaking, health technology assessment, and coverage purposes based on the MMA lifecycle is needed. A targeted review of relevant policy documents from international sources was conducted to map current MMA assessment frameworks, to formulate 10 recommendations, subsequently shared amongst an expert panel of key stakeholders. Recommendations go beyond economic dimensions such as cost and economic evaluation and also include MMA development and update, classification and evidentiary requirements, performance and maintenance monitoring, usability testing, clinical evidence requirements, safety and security, equity considerations, organizational assessment, and additional outcome domains (patient empowerment and environmental impact). The COVID‐19 pandemic greatly expanded the use of MMAs, but temporary policies governing their use and oversight need consolidation through well‐developed frameworks to support decision‐makers, producers and introduction into clinical care processes, especially in light of the strong international, cross‐border character of MMAs, the new EU medical device and health technology assessment regulations, and the Next Generation EU funding earmarked for health digitalization.
C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 induced by Hedgehog signaling promotes mouse extrahepatic bile duct repair after acute injury
Authors: Mohamad Zaki Nureen H. , Shiota Junya , Calder Ashley N. , Keeley Theresa M. , Allen Benjamin L. , Nakao Kazuhiko , Samuelson Linda C. , Razumilava Nataliya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
In extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cholangiopathies, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, a reactive cholangiocyte phenotype is associated with inflammation and epithelial hyperproliferation. The signaling pathways involved in EHBD injury response are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Hedgehog (HH) signaling and its downstream effectors in controlling biliary proliferation and inflammation after EHBD injury.

Approach and Results
Using mouse bile duct ligation as an acute EHBD injury model, we used inhibitory paradigms to uncover mechanisms promoting the proliferative response. HH signaling was inhibited genetically in Gli1−/−
mice or by treating wild‐type mice with LDE225. The role of neutrophils was tested using chemical (SB225002) and biological (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D [Ly6G] antibodies) inhibitors of neutrophil recruitment. The cellular response was defined through morphometric quantification of proliferating cells and CD45+ and Ly6G+ immune cell populations. Key signaling component expression was measured and localized to specific EHBD cellular compartments by in situ hybridization, reporter strain analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Epithelial cell proliferation peaked 24 h after EHBD injury, preceded stromal cell proliferation, and was associated with neutrophil influx. Indian HH ligand expression in the biliary epithelium rapidly increased after injury. HH‐responding cells and neutrophil chemoattractant C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression mapped to EHBD stromal cells. Inhibition of HH signaling blocked CXCL1 induction, diminishing neutrophil recruitment and the biliary proliferative response to injury. Directly targeting neutrophils by inhibition of the CXCL1/C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 2/Ly6G signaling axis also decreased biliary proliferation.

Conclusions
HH‐regulated CXCL1 orchestrates the early inflammatory response and biliary proliferation after EHBD injury through complex cellular crosstalk.
Occludin stalls HCV particle dynamics apart from hepatocyte tight junctions, promoting virion internalization
Authors: Deffieu Maika S. , Clément Camille M. H , Dorobantu Cristina M. , Partiot Emma , Bare Yonis , Faklaris Orestis , Rivière Benjamin , Ayala‐Nunez Nilda Vanesa , Baumert Thomas F. , Rondé Philippe , Mély Yves , Lucansky Vincent , Gaudin Raphael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Numerous HCV entry factors have been identified, and yet information regarding their spatiotemporal dynamics is still limited. Specifically, one of the main entry factors of HCV is occludin (OCLN), a protein clustered at tight junctions (TJs), away from the HCV landing site. Thus, whether HCV particles slide toward TJs or, conversely, OCLN is recruited away from TJs remain debated.

Approach and Results
Here, we generated CRISPR/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 edited Huh7.5.1 cells expressing endogenous levels of enhanced green fluorescent protein/OCLN and showed that incoming HCV particles recruit OCLN outside TJs, independently of claudin 1 (CLDN1) expression, another important HCV entry factor located at TJs. Using ex vivo organotypic culture of hepatic slices obtained from human liver explants, a physiologically relevant model that preserves the overall tissue architecture, we confirmed that HCV associates with OCLN away from TJs. Furthermore, we showed, by live cell imaging, that increased OCLN recruitment beneath HCV particles correlated with lower HCV motility. To decipher the mechanism underlying virus slow‐down upon OCLN recruitment, we performed CRISPR knockout (KO) of CLDN1, an HCV entry factor proposed to act upstream of OCLN. Although CLDN1 KO potently inhibits HCV infection, OCLN kept accumulating underneath the particle, indicating that OCLN recruitment is CLDN1 independent. Moreover, inhibition of the phosphorylation of Ezrin, a protein involved in HCV entry that links receptors to the actin cytoskeleton, increased OCLN accumulation and correlated with more efficient HCV internalization.

Conclusions
Together, our data provide robust evidence that HCV particles interact with OCLN away from TJs and shed mechanistic insights regarding the manipulation of transmembrane receptor localization by extracellular virus particles.
Effects of film mulching on the physiological and morphological parameters and yield of cucumber under insufficient drip irrigation
Authors: Yan Haofang , Ma Jiamin , Zhang Jianyun , Wang Guoqing , Zhang Chuan , Akhlaq Muhammad , Huang Song , Yu Jianjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA comprehensive study was conducted to analyse the influence of film mulching on the soil water content (SWC), plant physiological and morphological parameters, yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of cucumber grown in a greenhouse. The experiment was designed to set the film mulching (M1) and non‐film mulching (M0) applications under two irrigation levels (T1: sufficient irrigation; T2: insufficient irrigation). Thus, four treatments, i.e. T1M1, T1M0, T2M1 and T2M0 were set. The response of plant growth, physiology characteristics, yield and SWC under the designed treatments was analysed based on the data from two planting years (2019 and 2020). Applying film mulching effectively improved the SWC by approximately 10%. The cucumber plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index (LAI) under the T2M1 treatment increased by 38.0–63.1, 16.5–24.9 and 84.0–89.4%, respectively, compared to the T2M0 treatment. The maximum yield was found in the T1M1 treatment, which increased by 24.2–27.5% compared to T1M0. Film mulching increased cucumber yield by 18.0–24.7% compared to non‐film mulching. It was also observed that film mulching under insufficient drip irrigation had a positive influence on plant morphological parameters (photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance). Among the four treatments, the maximum photosynthetic rate (= 20.69 μmol m−2 s−1) and stomatal conductance (= 0.47 μmol m−2 s−1) were found in the T2M1 treatment. The sap flow rate under the T2M1 treatment was close to that under the T1M0 treatment, while the largest variation in the sap flow rate occurred under the T1M1 treatment, and the smallest variation occurred under the T2M0 treatment. It can be concluded that the effect of the film mulching technique on cucumber yield and IWUE was significant under insufficient drip irrigation.
In vitro and in vivo assessment of a 3D printable gelatin methacrylate hydrogel for bone regeneration applications
Authors: Celikkin Nehar , Mastrogiacomo Simone , Dou Weiqiang , Heerschap Arend , Oosterwijk Egbert , Walboomers X. Frank , Święszkowski Wojciech 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBone tissue engineering (BTE) has made significant progress in developing and assessing different types of bio‐substitutes. However, scaffolds production through standardized methods, as required for good manufacturing process (GMP), and post‐transplant in vivo monitoring still limit their translation into the clinic. 3D printed 5% GelMA scaffolds have been prepared through an optimized and reproducible process in this work. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were encapsulated in the 3D printable GelMA ink, and their biological properties were assessed in vitro to evaluate their potential for cell delivery application. Moreover, in vivo implantation of the pristine 3D printed GelMA has been performed in a rat condyle defect model. Whereas optimal tissue integration was observed via histology, no signs of fibrotic encapsulation or inhibited bone formation were attained. A multimodal imaging workflow based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed the simultaneous monitoring of both new bone formation and scaffold degradation. These outcomes point out the direction to undertake in developing 3D printed‐based hydrogels for BTE that can allow a faster transition into clinical use.
Examining the role of language competency in genetic testing awareness among adults in the United States
Authors: Passero Lauren , Srinivasan Swetha , Roberts Megan C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnglish language competency, as a component of health literacy, is associated with increased awareness and uptake of health‐related genetic testing. The relationship between language competency and genetic testing awareness has not yet been explored in the wider U.S. population yet has significant implications for the practice of genetic counselors and in the promotion of genomic medicine for public health. We analyzed data from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 1 using weighted logistic regression to model the relationship between self‐reported English competency, genetic testing awareness, and race and explore adjusted odds ratios and average marginal effects for levels of English competency. Compared to respondents with high English competency, the probability of genetic testing awareness was 20 percentage points lower for White participants reporting moderate English competency (p = .029) and 37 percentage points lower for non‐White participants reporting low English competency (p < .001). Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which English competency affects awareness and uptake of genetic testing in the United States and to develop strategies to overcome language barriers for the practice of genetic counselors and the implementation of genetics services.
A case report of an endoscopic approach to life‐threatening cecal variceal hemorrhage
Authors: MacFarlane Kirsty E , Fischer Nicholas J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCecal varices are a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. We describe a 29‐year‐old man with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis who developed gastrointestinal bleeding in the hospital. A computed tomography mesenteric angiogram showed bleeding cecal varices, which were successfully treated by glue injection therapy at colonoscopy. The procedure appeared to be complicated by bacteremia due to Escherichia coli.
Quantifying trade‐offs of land multifunctionality evaluated by set pair analysis in ecologically vulnerable areas of northwestern China
Authors: Han Ziyan , Meng Jijun , Zhu Likai , Cheng Haoran , Wu Yingdi , Wei Chanjuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLand systems in drylands have been experiencing increasing conflicts among multiple land functions. The improvement of one function is often at the cost of other functions, and trade‐offs occur. Previous studies often cannot adequately address the fuzziness and lack an optimal benchmark when assessing land multifunctionality, and neglect the nonlinear features when quantifying the trade‐offs. Taking the Heihe River Basin (HRB) in China as a study area, we applied the set pair analysis (SPA) to develop a novel framework for assessing land multifunctionality at a grid scale from the production‐living ecological aspects. We then utilized the constraint line fitted with segmented quantile regression to identify the trade‐offs among land functions. The results showed that our developed model could effectively measure land multifunctionality. The overall land multifunctionality in the HRB increased between 2000–2015, and the increased production and living functions made more contributions. From 2000 to 2015, the relationship between production function and ecological function changed from the status of synergy to trade‐off, and the degree first increased and then decreased. The coupling coordination degree index showed that the coordination among land functions was high in the south and low in the north, which was mainly controlled by ecological functions. The effects of natural and anthropogenic drivers on land functions showed nonlinear characteristics, and thresholds existed for some factors showing the abrupt change in influence. We concluded that our research provides reliable and detailed information about the interactions among land functions, which is essential for sustainable land use and territorial spatial planning.