bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unravelling
Authors: Frank Arthur W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lear’s first words unexpectedly refer to his ‘darker purpose’. The question of what that purpose is hangs over the rest of the book. His daughter Cordelia’s choice to remain silent when Lear demands she say how much she loves him, what her silence claims, and Lear’s misunderstanding of it, introduce reflections on the limits of language: what words cannot express and how to be true to the inexpressible. When Lear rages against Cordelia, Kent’s question, ‘What woulds’t thou do, old man?’, leads to considering the author’s father in very old age and the author’s own old age. Questions of identity are raised, and the political theme of authority is introduced. The chapter ends with Lear’s vicious curses on his daughters and the question of how to hear, or tolerate, those curses.
‘Aflame with Faith, and Free’
Authors: Snape Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the fraying relationship between Western Anglicans and their armed forces in the first three decades of the Cold War. While prompting closer engagement with the just war tradition, nuclear weapons fed an uneasiness with the British military among an influential minority, an attitude reflected in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. The imperatives of decolonization also increased the scope for friction between Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher and successive Conservative governments in the 1950s. However, in the initial confrontation with atheistic Communism, Anglican approaches to war and military service remained robust. Given the existential threat to faith and freedom, the atom bomb was widely countenanced as a weapon of last resort. Some Anglican contributions to the military and ideological conflicts in Malaya and Korea proved highly effective. However, in the Protestant Episcopal Church, whose importance in the Communion increased with the rise of US hegemony in the non-Communist world, the ‘long 1960s’—and the Vietnam War especially—helped unseam its ascendancy in America’s armed forces. Amidst a more general crisis of identity, the profile of Episcopalian conscientious objectors and war-resisters rose, and with it a keen, outspoken hostility to military chaplaincy. These divisions were also felt by Australasian Anglicans, while the reverberations of Vietnam—compounded with the policies of South Africa’s apartheid regime—fuelled an ambient disquiet with the military (and especially the military chaplain) in the wider Anglican Communion. Consequently, by the end of the ‘long 1960s’, the historic relationship between Western Anglicans and their armed forces had never been weaker.
Reading Baudelaire's Le Spleen de Paris and the Nineteenth-Century Prose Poem
Authors: Whidden Seth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThrough its readings of Charles Baudelaire’s collection Le Spleen de Paris and other prose poems from the nineteenth century, this book considers the practice of reading prose poetry and how it might be different from reading poetry in verse. Among the numerous factors that helped shape the nascent modernity in Baudelaire’s poetic prose are the poems’ themes, forms, linguistic qualities, and modes. The contradictions identifiable at the level of prose poetry’s discourse are similarly perceptible in other aspects of Baudelaire’s poetic language, beyond the discursive: in the poems’ formal considerations, which retain recognizable traces of verse despite their prose presentation; and, with respect to both poetic form and thematics, in the sights and sounds that contribute to their poeticity. With a focus on what makes prose texts poetic, this study sheds light on Baudelaire the practitioner of the prose poem, as he navigated and complicated the boundaries between verse, prose, and poetry. Rather than rejecting those categories, Baudelaire forges a poetic space in which the notions of poetry and prose are recast, juxtaposed in a delicate balance in a textual space they manage to share. This coexistence of poetry and prose—previously thought of as incompatible—is the underlying tension and framework that contributes importantly to the modernity of his prose poetry. In turn, this new mode of poetry calls for new modes of reading poetry and new ways of engaging with a text.
Fantasy
Authors: Attebery Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the dominant modes of storytelling in the twenty-first century, fantasy can mirror contemporary experiences and convey our anxieties and longings better than any representation of the merely real. It is the lie that speaks truth. This book addresses two central questions about fantastic storytelling: first, how can it be meaningful if it doesn’t claim to represent things as they are, and second, what kind of change can it make in the world? How can a form of storytelling that alters physical laws and denies facts about the past be at the same time a source of insight into human nature and the workings of the world? What kind of social, political, cultural, intellectual work does fantasy perform in the world—the world of the reader, that is, not that of the characters? Focusing on various aspects of fantastic world-building and story creation in classic and contemporary fantasy, from the use of symbolic structures to the way new stories incorporate bits of significance from earlier texts, the book as a whole shows how fantasy allows writers to test new modes of understanding and interaction and thus to rethink political institutions, social practices, and models of reality.
Painting as Revelation
Authors: Rudd Anthony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To explore Gadamer’s claim further, this chapter looks at Eastern Orthodox iconography. An icon does not attempt to give an accurate naturalistic depiction of a saint; it is intended to make the saint present to us or to bring us into the saint’s presence. The chapter states the thesis that all painting aims to do something like this, even when it’s a Cézanne painting of a bowl of fruit, rather than an icon of a saint. It goes on to note parallels between the Orthodox understanding of icons and Hindu understanding of statues of the gods as affording a face-to-face encounter (darsan) with the divine. It then considers classical Chinese landscape painting, arguing that it does not aim at a literal depiction of landscapes, but an evocation of the essence of things which is intended to bring the viewer into the presence of the sacred (meaningful and normative) order (Dao) running through nature.
Making the Invisible Visible
Authors: Rudd Anthony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The emerging account of painting as disclosive, so far articulated mainly by reference to traditional and explicitly religious/metaphysical cultures, is further developed in a modern, secular context through an engagement with Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of painting. The chapter takes as its main interpretative thread the idea—which Merleau-Ponty picks up from Klee—that painting makes the invisible visible. It considers various ways in which this might be understood, showing how Merleau-Ponty develops the idea that paintings disclose or express their subject’s manner or ‘style’ of being. By evoking the essential natures of things, paintings bring the attentive viewer into communion with them. The chapter concludes with descriptions of a number of paintings from different times and places, inviting the reader to look closely at them and consider how they can be experienced as ‘making present’ in the sense this book is concerned with.
Metaphysical Implications
Authors: Rudd Anthony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Starting from Merleau-Ponty’s dictum that ‘Every theory of painting is a metaphysics,’ this chapter expands on and defends some of the philosophical implications of the theory of painting developed so far. It starts by clarifying the notion of essence on which it is relying, which involves at least a modest realism about natural kinds, arguing that it is a commonsensical position and not metaphysically extravagant. It then argues that although the knowledge that painting gives us is non-paraphrasable and therefore non-discursive, it is not ‘non-conceptual’ in the classic empiricist sense of pure unmediated sensory acquaintance. It concludes by looking back to the issue raised in Chapter Two, where it was argued that truth—the disclosing of reality—can only be of value if the reality it discloses is itself of value. So, as well as a moderate realism about essence, the theory implies or presupposes a realism about value.
Natural Beauty
Authors: Rudd Anthony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that the best way to establish that the natural world is a realm of intrinsic value is to consider our aesthetic experience of it. It tries to show that, despite obvious differences, there are important similarities between the aesthetic experience of nature and the experience of paintings as described earlier in the book. It draws on Erazim Kohak’s phenomenology of our experience of nature to argue that in intense, aesthetic, attentive experience of nature we become aware of it as an order that is ontologically good, whether or not we can relate this to any idea of moral goodness. Nature is, nevertheless, experienced aesthetically as a realm of (objective) value. The chapter argues that this (aesthetic) perception of the intrinsic value of the natural world is what underlies any more than practical/anthropocentric version of environmental ethics.
Virtue, Reflex, Pathology
Authors: Duttlinger Carolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Long before Wilhelm Wundt set up the world’s first psychological laboratory in Leipzig in 1871, attention had been the focus of self-experiment and self-observation. Enlightenment moral hygiene treatises instructed readers in how to cultivate sustained attention, while Kant’s Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View warns against attention turning rigid and pathological. In the nineteenth century, the emphasis shifted to attention’s elusiveness and fragility as scientists such as Gustav Fechner discovered their own mental focus to be inherently unstable. Experimental research was increasingly focused on distraction, including on a practical level, when it came to the challenge of keeping the laboratory free from unwanted stimuli. Husserl’s phenomenological reduction is motivated by the same challenge. Reacting against theories which cast attention as the transitory product of the human senses, he attempts to reclaim it as a rational faculty, guided by intention, and able to extract timeless truths about the world.
Threshold States
Authors: Duttlinger Carolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Austrian modernist Robert Musil was fascinated by both psychology and psychotechnics. During his doctorate with the psychologist Carl Stumpf, Musil took part in self-experiments assessing attention span and concentration; after the war, he advised the Austrian Ministry of War on the uses of psychotechnics in the military. Indeed, Musil also applied psychotechnical methods to his own literary production as he wrestled with his mammoth novel The Man without Qualities. But psychotechnics was only one tool in Musil’s arsenal of mental (self-)enhancement. The chapter closes with autosuggestion, as advocated by the Swiss psychologist Charles Baudouin. Musil was an avid reader of Baudouin; his short prose texts stage states of expanded awareness which echo Baudouin’s emphasis on mental threshold states, while his prose text ‘Triëdere!’ echoes Hugo Münsterberg’s psychological film theory, The Photo-Play.
Presence of Mind
Authors: Duttlinger Carolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Walter Benjamin’s lifelong engagement with the interplay between attention and distraction included not only photography but also film as well as literature, visual art, and history. Indeed, his work represents one of the most complex and sustained engagements with the dynamics of attention and distraction in the twentieth century. The chapter puts this engagement into a wider context, starting with the attentional research published in the psychology journal edited by William Stern, the inventor of psychotechnics, who was also Benjamin’s cousin by marriage. Benjamin encountered this research, which emphasizes the constructive role of distraction in enhancing mental focus, while still at university; it underpins his own writings on this complex subject, where Benjamin engages with the dialectical nature of attention, which can arise out of or give way to contrasting states. Another formative influence is the work of his sister Dora Benjamin, whose mental health exhibition, which opened in Berlin-Kreuzberg in 1929, used new, experimental techniques to bait visitors’ attention and prevent passive consumption. Benjamin’s exhibition review praises these innovative strategies; he returns to this issue in his writings on modern culture and technology, particularly in his essay on ‘The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility’ (1935). Here, Benjamin rejects traditional contemplation and endorses distraction as the mindset most appropriate for the challenges of the modern age; the final part of the chapter, however, looks at his essays on literature and his historical writings, where contemplation is rehabilitated and discussed alongside Geistesgegenwart (presence of mind) as a vital tool of intellectual enquiry and critique.
Spellbound
Authors: Duttlinger Carolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Theodor W. Adorno was a vocal advocate of atonal music and one of the most outspoken critics of popular music and its culture of casual, non-contemplative listening. As this chapter shows, his uncompromising stance on the issue is rooted in the musical aesthetic of the nineteenth century, particularly the writings of Eduard Hanslick. Having explored his earlier essays on musical listening and popular music, the chapter then turns to Adorno’s American exile, when he encountered sociological methods of listener research at the Princeton Radio Research Project. Critical of American musical broadcasts, such as Walter Damrosch’s NBC Music Appreciation Hour, Adorno went on to present his own musical education broadcasts, which aimed to introduce young listeners to classical music, including new music, and encouraged sustained, ‘structural’ listening. Although the series was prematurely abandoned, he continued this mission on West German radio after his return from exile. The chapter concludes with Adorno’s post-war writings, particularly his more essays on method and style, where he defends his own, famously mode of writing as intrinsic to his critical project, while also underlining the pleasurable and playful nature of intellectual engagement.
Celan, Sebald, Hoppe
Authors: Duttlinger Carolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The book concludes with an outlook to post-war and contemporary literature, singling out three writers who engage with the nexus between attention and memory. For poet Paul Celan, writing after and about the Holocaust, attention is essential for an ongoing, living engagement with the past. As he argues in his famous ‘Meridian’ speech, the modern poem often centres around a particular moment in history and thereby embodies a particular, dialogical practice of attention. Celan’s ‘Meridian’ speech cites Benjamin’s ‘Kafka’ essay, and Kafka is also an interlocutor for W. G. Sebald, whose narratives explore the dynamics of (in)attention in dialogue with literary predecessors such as Kafka’s Hunter Gracchus. While Celan and Sebald privilege a contemplative form of remembrance, Felicitas Hoppe’s historical novel Johanna enacts a more provisional and intermittent engagement with the past, one which, echoing Benjamin’s model of materialist history, is predicated on utmost alertness, Geistesgegenwart, in the face of danger.
From Law and Literature to Legality and Affect
Authors: Olson Greta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
From Law and Literature to Legality and Affect represents a sustained argument for the continued vitality of Law and Literature. It argues that the traditional methods of Law and Literature can be combined with work in critical media studies, affect theory, and cultural narratology to address topics such as ethnonationalism, anti-immigration sentiments, and systemic racism in nations like Germany and the United States. Taking stock of the pluralization and diversification of the field at 50 years from a comparative standpoint, the book understands Law and Literature as a political project. This has a precedence in inaugural Law and Literature texts like Jacob Grimm’s Von der Poesie im Recht (On the Poetry in Law) from 1815/16, which imagines an alternative legal order grounded in the unity of law, poetic language, and feeling. The political thrust of Law and Literature continues up into the present with the arts of BlackLivesMatter documenting and resisting police violence against Black people. Law and Literature offers keys for understanding how legal identities are constructed, for analyzing how legal texts are formally constructed, and for comprehending how cultural-legal issues are mediated using affective means. Using cultural, medial, affect theoretical and narrative analyses of law, a revitalized Law and Literature offers a set of methods and theories with which to address the most pressing current issues.
Transforming World Trade and Investment Law for Sustainable Development
Authors: Petersmann Ernst-Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Transforming World Trade and Investment Law for Sustainable Development explains why the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Agenda for ‘Transforming our World’—aimed at realizing ‘the human rights of all’ and seventeen agreed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—requires transforming the United Nations (UN) and World Trade Organization (WTO) legal systems, as well as international investment law and adjudication. UN and WTO law protect regulatory competition between diverse neo-liberal, state capitalist, European ordo-liberal, and third-world conceptions of multilevel trade and investment regulation. However, geopolitical rivalries and trade wars increasingly undermine transnational rule of law and effective regulation of market failures, governance failures, and constitutional failures. For example, the intergovernmental negotiations in the context of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change have failed to prevent or considerably limit climate change. In order to prevent trade, investment, energy, and climate conflicts, sustainable development requires reforming trade, investment, and environmental rules and dispute settlement systems. The global health pandemics confirm the need for constitutional reforms of multilevel governance of global public goods. Investment law and adjudication must better reconcile governmental duties to protect human rights and decarbonize economies with the property rights of foreign investors. The constitutional, human rights, and environmental litigation in Europe enhances the legal accountability of democratic governments for protecting sustainable development, but European economic constitutionalism has been rejected by Anglo-Saxon neo-liberalism, China’s authoritarian state capitalism, and many third-world governments. The more that regional economic orders (like the China-led Belt and Road networks) reveal heterogeneity and power politics block UN and WTO reforms, the more the US-led neo-liberal world order risks disintegrating. UN and WTO law must promote private–public network governance, civil society participation, and stronger judicial accountability in order to stabilize and depoliticize multilevel governance of the SDGs.
European Economic Constitutionalism: Constitutional Approaches to Sustainable Development?
Authors: Petersmann Ernst-Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 describes Europe’s multilevel constitutionalism, which emerged in response to long-standing constitutional failures and ongoing struggles to protect human rights, democracy, and rule of law in the relations among the now forty-seven member states of the Council of Europe. Europe’s twenty-first-century constitutionalism aims at limiting market failures (like abuses of corporate power, social injustices), governance failures (like inadequate fiscal and debt policies, insufficient proportionality balancing), and constitutional failures (e.g. in protecting rule of law) by linking external policy reforms (e.g. for realizing climate change mitigation) to internal EU reforms (like decarbonizing the economy, strengthening health infrastructures, and human rights remedies). Constitutional approaches enable more effective protection of human rights, rule of law, and other sustainable development goals. For instance, the EU common market constitution is embedded into the European human rights constitution protecting multilevel guarantees of human rights, constitutional rights, proportionality of governmental restrictions, and judicial remedies not only inside all twenty-seven EU member states but also in the external relations of the EU. These multilevel judicial remedies were invoked by the European Court of Justice (CJEU) for confirming the legal obligations of the twenty-seven EU member states to replace investor–state arbitration in intra-EU relations among EU member states by the multilevel judicial remedies and institutional guarantees of EU law. EU constitutional law requires public law restraints on investment arbitration also in the external relations of the EU, as provided for in the EU free trade agreements with Canada, Mexico, Singapore, and Vietnam.
Universals (II)
Authors: Ott Walter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The chapter begins with the so-called ‘inference problem’: how does the universals theory propose to infer from the N-relation among universals to regularities involving them? The chapter divides the objection in two. First is the legitimacy problem: with what right does it posit such a connection? The chapter argues that the universals theorist has a satisfactory reply. Matters are different when we turn to the mechanism version of the objection: how, exactly, does the N-relation produce or bring about regularities? The chapter argues that the only solution lies in re-casting the nature of the N-relation. Rather than making it an extrinsic relation that varies across possible worlds, the universals theory should cast it as an internal relation, which obtains in virtue of the monadic properties of the relata. The chapter also argues that the best version of the universals view will posit a single N-relation knitting together all the universals instantiated in a given world. Law statements, then, will be reflections of the single maxi-N fact; any ceteris paribus clauses will indicate our ignorance of that fact.
The Arguments for Powers
Authors: Ott Walter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the core arguments for the powers ontology. The first style of argument appeals to science. Some argue, for example, that, at the fundamental level, science discovers nothing but dispositional properties. The chapter argues that such appeals are unconvincing, for it might be in the nature of science to posit only dispositional qualities for whatever particles it is currently treating as fundamental. Other arguments are metaphysical, and suggest that a regress threatens if we fail to posit irreducibly dispositional properties. The chapter uses the failure of some of these arguments to help select the best ontology for a powers theorist. The chapter concludes by arguing that the powers theorist is best served by rejecting pan-dispositionalism and embracing an ontology that includes both powers and categorical properties.