bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing bacteria from minerals in a layered sample using time-resolved Raman spectroscopy and global analysis
Authors: Mooij Bram J A , van Stokkum Ivo H M , Davies G R , Ariese Freek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mars is one of the prime candidates in the search for extraterrestrial life. At the most comparable terrestrial Martian analogue sites, life often occurs in endolithic form; i.e. hiding below the surface. To detect biomarkers of endolithic life, the two most promising options are drilling or measuring through the surface, the latter being less invasive and preferable. Raman spectroscopy is an established chemical identification method, and advanced Raman modes have been developed for sub-surface analysis. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy (TRRS), based on picosecond pulsed excitation and a gated intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) detector, adds the capability of fluorescence suppression and depth selection. This paper focuses on the separation of layers with time differences that are much smaller than the

200

ps

full width at half-maximum gating time of the detector. As an analogue for endolithic life on Mars, Deinococcus radiodurans bacteria were measured through a

2.5

mm

and

7.5

mm

top layer of translucent calcite. TRRS spectra were recorded in a backscattering geometry, while stepwise increasing the detector delay in

25

ps

steps. Through both of these layers, the Raman spectrum of the bacteria’s carotenoids could be detected. Global analysis was used to model a complete time-resolved spectrum of the sample. Using this analysis, the signals could be separated into three components: mineral Raman, bacterial Raman and bacterial fluorescence. The model also corrects for gating differences across the horizontal axis of the ICCD camera. With this approach well-separated Raman spectra were obtained even for the

2.5

mm

calcite layer despite the temporal separation of approximately

20

ps

, which is much shorter than the

200

ps

detector gating time. TRRS could be a suitable approach for non-invasive detection of extraterrestrial subsurface biomarkers.
Numerical and experimental study for electron beam welding process of Al6061-T6 material
Authors: Küçüktürk Gökhan , Atkaya Murat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Joining the aluminium 6061-T6 alloy (Al6061-T6) using Electron Beam Welding (EBW) wais important, especially in aerospace. Although the EBW method has been used for different materials in the literature, there are a limited number of studies for Al6061-T6 alloy. The study aimed at the weldability and welding quality of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy plates by experimentally and numerically using the EBW technique. A numerical model has been generated to obtain the appropriate voltage, beam current, and welding speed parameters to simulate the EBW process instead of the hit and trial method, which is costly. The numerical model is based on a user-defined function based on the heat source as a function of temperature, welding parameters and material properties. The validation of the model has been compared by obtained width from numerical model and experimental work. Three EBW parameter sets were employed with the numerical model. Three different experimental parameter sets were determined according to the most suitable processing parameter that emerged from the numerical model, and experimental studies were carried out. Experimental studies showed defects in the microstructure due to process defects by unsuitable parameters. While the mechanical strength was 70% of the tensile strength performance compared to the main material, the elongation performance was 75%. The microhardness of the heat affected zone was measured as 84% of the base material, and a hardness reduction of 40% was also observed in the fusion zone. In addition, it showed that using the proper parameter set can eliminate such defects. The application of post-weld heat treatment procedures that can effectively improve the mechanical properties could be investigated in future studies.
Store-operated calcium entry is reduced in spastin-linked hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Rizo Tania , Gebhardt Lisa , Riedlberger Julia , Eberhardt Esther , Fester Lars , Alansary Dalia , Winkler Jürgen , Turan Soeren , Arnold Philipp , Niemeyer Barbara A , Fischer Michael J M , Winner Beate 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SPAST, the gene coding for spastin, are the single most common cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia, a progressive motor neuron disease. Spastin regulates key cellular functions, including microtubule-severing and endoplasmic reticulum-morphogenesis. However, it remains unclear how alterations in these cellular functions due to SPAST pathogenic variants result in motor neuron dysfunction. Since spastin influences both microtubule network and endoplasmic reticulum structure, we hypothesized that spastin is necessary for the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis via store-operated calcium entry.
Here, we show that the lack of spastin enlarges the endoplasmic reticulum and reduces store-operated calcium entry. In addition, elevated levels of different spastin variants induced clustering of STIM1 within the endoplasmic reticulum, altered the transport of STIM1 to the plasma membrane and reduced store-operated calcium entry, which could be rescued by exogenous expression of STIM1. Importantly, store-operated calcium entry was strongly reduced in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from hereditary spastic paraplegia patients with pathogenic variants in SPAST resulting in spastin haploinsufficiency. These neurons developed axonal swellings in response to lack of spastin. We were able to rescue both store-operated calcium entry and axonal swellings in SPAST patient neurons by restoring spastin levels, using CRISPR/Cas9 to correct the pathogenic variants in SPAST.
These findings demonstrate that proper amounts of spastin are a key regulatory component for store-operated calcium entry mediated Ca2+ homeostasis and suggest store-operated calcium entry as a disease relevant mechanism of spastin-linked motor neuron disease.
Migration and theDeep Timeof Media Infrastructures
Authors: Leurs Koen , Seuferling Philipp 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile infrastructures of media and of migration currently converge in specific ways, in this commentary, we consider how these infrastructures always reflect distinctive moments in media history, as well as in migration history. An archaeological approach to infrastructure posits that media infrastructures do not spring into action fully formed, and neither is there ever a moment when they would be fully formed. We propose the perspective of deep time of infrastructures as a way of opening up unresolved questions about what critical researchers can and should do with historically-informed inquiry of media technologies across migration contexts. We specifically operationalize the deep time of media and migration infrastructures by addressing the three dimensions of: (1) materialities; (2) practices; and (3) imaginaries.
Women on and Behind Chinese Entertainment Television: De/Constructing the Female Authorship of National Treasure
Authors: Trimmel Theresa , Zhou Oscar T , Zhang Ming , Ng Eve 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Women have been enjoying new forms of visibility in post-2010 Chinese entertainment television, not just onscreen, but also in paratextual discourses about women as content producers. By focusing on the promotional and reception materials about a female director/producer, Yu Lei, and her authorship in National Treasure (NT), a current Chinese variety show, this article analyzes how extratextual material operates in relation to female authorship in Chinese television. By examining how gender politics are incorporated in the construction of female authorship, we identify the problematic aspects of how Yu Lei’s authorship is framed, which serve to promote neoliberal postfeminist ideas of women’s empowerment and are bound up with current iterations of official neonationalist ideology. While acknowledging its limitations, we argue that Yu Lei’s position as a woman in a male-dominated industry who has substantial visibility in media and enjoys some authority over a TV production still constitutes noteworthy if only partial agency.
Politicised revisionism: comment on Lopes (2021)
Authors: Bylund Per L , Lingle Christopher , Packard Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We comment on a recent article by Lopes (2021), whose argument regarding the writing of the history of the socialist calculation debate is unfortunately burdened by a misconception of both the substance and nature of the argument that ignited the debate. Bringing additional sources from this time to scholars’ attention, we show that there is much more to the Austrian interpretation than standard interpretations of the debate admit. In fact, our findings indicate that Lange’s famous response to Mises’s challenge constitutes a rebuttal of a straw man.
François de Fossa, Louis Picquot and the transmission of Luigi Boccherini’s guitar quintets
Authors: Rasch Rudolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Boccherini’s eight guitar quintets g.445–53 are among the composer’s best-known works. Nonetheless, the history of the presently preserved manuscripts is far from clear. The Marquis de Benavente, for whom they were written, must have had a manuscript (now lost) containing presumably twelve such works, of which three were published, arranged for double-viola string quintet, in Bordeaux in 1817. A vital role in the transmission of the works is also played by a manuscript including eight quintets copied in Madrid from the marquis’s manuscript by the soldier-musician François de Fossa. Until now it has been generally assumed that Fossa’s 1811 manuscript can be identified with a manuscript now in the Library of Congress in Washington. However, the Washington manuscript differs from the description that Fossa gives of his 1811 manuscript in several important ways. Closer inspection tells us that the Washington manuscript, although indeed copied by Fossa, must have been made later—perhaps around 1825—probably with the intention that it would serve as copy for a printed edition. While preparing his Notice sur la vie et les oeuvres de Luigi Boccherini, Louis Picquot contacted Fossa in 1847, and Fossa sent the manuscript to Picquot, probably again hoping that it could be published. It remained in Picquot’s library, however, and was purchased in 1922 by the Library of Congress from the Berlin antiquarian bookseller Leo Liepmanssohn. Another important source for Boccherini’s guitar quintets, a manuscript now in the Bavarian State Library in Munich, contains copies of guitar quintets acquired by Picquot via other routes. From the histories and the contents of the preserved sources of the quintets it can be concluded that Boccherini wrote twelve such quintets, of which nine are preserved today.
Protective motivators and precautionary behaviors against COVID-19 in Turkey
Authors: Türen Ufuk , Gökmen Yunus , Erdem Haluk , Kalkin Gökdeniz 
Published: March 2022

SummaryIn this research, we investigated the protection motivators and precautionary behaviors against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associations between them. To do this, we developed two original scales, collected data (2783 responses) using an online survey, after removing the responses (319), which were filled in incompletely or incorrectly in the questionnaire, we obtained 2464 participants covering the aged 18+ population in Turkey. Based on random sampling, our sample complies with these ratios and generally reflects the aged 18+ population of Turkey. We confirmed the psychometrical validity and reliability of our two scales using the collected data. Herewith, we found that perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 infection is very high, perceived severity of COVID-19 is medium, COVID-19 related information seeking is high, beliefs on precautions’ efficacy is high and also the practice of precautionary behaviors is high. Our research depicts that all protection motivators significantly are related with the practice of precautionary behaviors (routine and leisure). However, with the only exception of perceived severity of COVID-19 is not related with precautionary behaviors (routine). Besides, we saw that females’ average in all variables is significantly higher than males and some variables are sensitive to age, education level, marital status and the number of children. We believe that the findings provide essential inputs for authorities in establishing public health policies against the present pandemic and likely ones in the future.
Comparing comprehensibility of standard and enhanced prescription medicine labels: a randomized simulation
Authors: Mohammad Annim , Saini Bandana , Badcock Caro-Anne , Chaar Betty Bouad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study is to develop and user-test the comparative effectiveness of two enhanced label designs to improve comprehension of patients with low English proficiency versus a standard label representative of the pharmacist-affixed medicine labels currently used in practice.

Methods
Using a randomized two-group study design, 66 participants from Sydney, Australia were allocated to view a set of standard labels followed by a set of enhanced labels named ‘linguistically enhanced labels’ or ‘linguistically and graphically enhanced labels’. Each set of labels depicted medicine directions of three levels of complexity, which participants viewed consecutively. The ‘enhanced labels’ incorporated several features documented in the literature as improving understanding of low-health-literate/linguistically compromised individuals such as translated directions in a language the person is more proficient in, numeric presentations of numbers/counts, carriage returns and graphic depiction of directions. A user-testing questionnaire relating to comprehensibility was conducted after each label was viewed. Differences in comprehensibility were assessed using a generalized linear model, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for trend and a chi-square test.

Key findings
Results indicated significant improvements in comprehensibility with both types of enhanced labels compared with standard labels (P &lt; 0.0001). The ‘linguistically and graphically enhanced label’ improved comprehensibility of the most complex directions to a greater extent than the ‘linguistically enhanced label’ (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
This study has highlighted the scope for improvement of existing pharmacist-affixed prescription medicine labels to ensure better understanding by individuals with low English proficiency. The enhanced labels trialled presented a means with which this may be achieved through the incorporation of key design elements, such as simpler, translated and graphically supported directions.
Informative presence bias in analyses of electronic health records-derived data: a cautionary note
Authors: Harton Joanna , Mitra Nandita , Hubbard Rebecca A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Electronic health record (EHR)-derived data are extensively used in health research. However, the pattern of patient interaction with the healthcare system can result in informative presence bias if those who have poorer health have more data recorded than healthier patients. We aimed to determine how informative presence affects bias across multiple scenarios informed by real-world healthcare utilization patterns.

Materials and methods
We conducted an analysis of EHR data from a pediatric healthcare system as well as simulation studies to characterize conditions under which informative presence bias is likely to occur. This analysis extends prior work by examining a variety of scenarios for the relationship between a biomarker and a health event of interest and the healthcare visit process.

Results
Using biomarker values gathered at both informative and noninformative visits when estimating the effect of the biomarker on the event of interest resulted in minimal bias when the biomarker was relatively stable over time but produced substantial bias when the biomarker was more volatile. Adjusting analyses for the number of prior visits within a fixed look-back window was able to reduce but not eliminate this bias.

Discussion
These results suggest that bias may arise frequently in commonly encountered scenarios and may not be eliminated by adjusting for prior visit intensity.

Conclusion
Depending on the context, the estimated effect from analyses using data from all visits available may diverge from the true effect. Sensitivity analyses using only visits likely to be informative or noninformative based on visit type may aid in the assessment of the magnitude of potential bias.
Effect of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on the dry matter loss, nutritional value, microbial counts, and ruminal in vitro gas production kinetics of wet brewer’s grain silage
Authors: Killerby Marjorie A , Almeida Saulo T R , Hollandsworth Rachel , Guimaraes Bianca C , Leon-Tinoco Angela , Perkins Lewis B , Henry Darren , Schwartz Thomas J , Romero Juan J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on spoilage, ruminal in vitro fermentation, and methane production of wet brewer’s grain (WBG) silage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 10 g/kg fresh WBG (NaL1) and 20 g/kg (NaL2), propionic acid at 5 g/kg fresh WBG (PRP, 99%), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu per fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). Fresh WBG was treated and then ensiled for 60 d, after which mini silos were opened and aerobically exposed (AES) for 10 d. Data were analyzed as an RCBD (five blocks) with a 5 TRT × 3 stages (STG; fresh, ensiled, and AES) factorial arrangement. Results showed that ensiled PRP-treated WBG markedly preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates and starch than all other ensiled TRT (P &lt; 0.001). Dry matter losses of ensiled PRP-treated WBG were 48% lower than all other ensiled TRT (P = 0.009) but were not different than CON in AES (P = 0.350). Due to its greater concentration of digestible nutrients, PRP-treated AES was less aerobically stable than CON (P = 0.03). Preservation was not improved by INO, NaL1, or NaL2 but the latter prevented the increase of neutral detergent fiber across STG (P = 0.392). Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) decreased only in ensiled CON, INO, and NaL1 relative to fresh WBG and AES NaL2 had greater IVDMD than all other AES TRT (P ≤ 0.032). In vitro ruminal fermentation of fresh WBG resulted in a greater methane concentration and yield than the other STG (P &lt; 0.033). In conclusion, PRP was the most effective at preserving WBG during ensiling but failed to improve aerobic stability under the conditions tested.
Indeterminate Liminality and the Refugee Journey: Partition and Hindu Sindhi Women’s Life Narratives
Authors: Chakraborty Radhika Mathrani 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores the refugee journeys of Hindu Sindhi women who were displaced during the 1947 Partition, and the continuing sense of liminality, or ‘in-between-ness’, engendered by their displacement. Refugee journeys are most often framed as a transformative, connective phase between homeland and hostland. However, in these life narratives, the journey did not emerge as an ‘in-between’ connective phase but instead stretched beyond arrival and settlement in India. This article thus proposes the concept of ‘indeterminate’ liminality for the protracted refugee journey, through a focus on its spatial and temporal aspects. The idea of journey emerges as a scaffolding for these women’s life narratives, as a series of multiple movements and claims to home spaces as they navigated gendered threats and uncertainties. The connection and intersections between past and present in their life narratives demonstrate how the liminal experience is not temporally bound between departure and arrival but extends across the life course.
Cause-Specific Mortality Among Norwegian Veterans Deployed to Afghanistan Between 2001 and 2019
Authors: Strand Leif Åge , Rudvin Inger , Borud Einar Kristian , Bøe Hans Jakob , Nordstrand Andreas Espetvedt , Fadum Elin Anita 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Norwegian military forces participated in the military campaign Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan starting in 2001. Military personnel often show a “healthy soldier effect” in terms of lowered all-cause mortality when compared to the general population. However, military service in conflict areas is associated with an increased risk of death from external causes such as transport accidents and suicide after discharge. We aimed to investigate cause-specific mortality in a cohort of 9,192 Norwegian (7.5% women) veterans deployed to Afghanistan between 2001 and 2019.

Materials and Methods
We followed cohort members from their first day of service in Afghanistan through 2019. We computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% CIs by comparing the observed number of deaths in our cohort with the expected number of deaths in the general population. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for the full follow-up period among men and women separately, and among men only for two time periods: during deployment and after discharge from service in Afghanistan.

Results
We observed 77 deaths (3 women and 74 men), 10 of which occurred during deployment (war casualties, 1 woman and 9 men); all others occurred after discharge. All-cause mortality in women did not differ from that in the general population (SMR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.11-1.53). For men, the observed all-cause mortality was lower than the expected rate for the full follow-up period (SMR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.43-0.69), during deployment, and after discharge, while deaths because of transport accidents after discharge (13 cases) were more than twice as high as expected rates (SMR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.26-4.04). The 11 observed suicides gave a nonstatistically significant, lower suicide risk compared to the expected rates (SMR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.33-1.18).

Conclusion
In accordance with the “healthy soldier effect,” military service in Afghanistan was generally associated with a lower than expected risk of death both during deployment and after discharge. The risk of death from transport accidents was higher than expected after discharge, while the observed incidence of suicide did not differ from the expected rate in the general population.