bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a worldwide External Quality Assessment of cfDNA testing in Lung Cancer
Authors: Fairley Jennifer A. , Cheetham Melanie H. , Patton Simon J. , Rouleau Etienne , Denis Marc , Dequeker Elisabeth M.C , Schuuring Ed , Casteren Kaat Van , Fenizia Francesca , Normanno Nicola , Deans Zandra C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCirculating cell free DNA (cfDNA) testing of plasma for EGFR somatic variants in lung cancer patients is being widely implemented and with any new service, external quality assessment (EQA) is required to ensure patient safety. An international consortium, International Quality Network for Pathology (IQNPath), has delivered a second round of assessment to measure the accuracy of cfDNA testing for lung cancer and the interpretation of the results.Methods A collaboration of five EQA provider organisations, all members of IQNPath, have delivered the assessment during 2018-19 to a total of 264 laboratories from 45 countries. Bespoke plasma reference material containing a range of EGFR mutations at varying allelic frequencies were supplied to laboratories for testing and reporting according to routine procedures. The genotyping accuracy and clinical reporting was reviewed against standardised criteria and feedback was provided to participants.Results The overall genotyping error rate in the EQA was found to be 11.1%. Low allelic frequency samples were the most challenging and were not detected by some testing methods, resulting in critical genotyping errors. This was reflected in higher false negative rates for samples with variant allele frequencies (VAF) rates less than 1.5% comparted to higher frequencies. A sample with two different EGFR mutations gave inconsistent detection of both mutations. However for one sample, where two variants were present at a VAF of less than 1% then both mutations were correctly detected in 145/263 laboratories. Reports often did not address the risk that tumour DNA may have not been tested and limitations of the methodologies provided by participants were insufficient. This was reflected in the average interpretation score for the EQA being 1.49 out of a maximum of 2.Conclusions The variability in the standard of genotyping and reporting highlighted the need for EQA and educational guidance in this field to ensure the delivery of high-quality clinical services where testing of cfDNA is the only option for clinical management.
Evaluation of productive performance in synthetic maternal line (APRI rabbits) under Egyptian conditions.
Authors: EL-Deghadi Amira soliman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Synthetic lines have been developed in hot climate countries over the last few decades through selection for specific goals such as APRI rabbits, and depending on their specialisation, these lines perform better than the standard of the original breeds, and contemporary production tends to rely on them. The aim of the study was to identify and explain genetic parameters in synthetic maternal line (APRI rabbits) under Egyptian conditions. (DFREML) was used to assess data on body weights (BW) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, also daily gains (DG) at 4-8, 8-12 and 4-12 weeks. Highest heritability (h2) estimate for BW was at 4 weeks (0.10), while the lowest estimate was at 12 weeks (0.03). The highest estimate (0.08) was for h2 of DG at 4-8 weeks, while the lowest estimate was for DG at 8-12 weeks (0.02). All genetic correlations (rg) between BW at different ages were moderate to high and positive; estimates of rg for DG ranged from low to high and were positive, with the exception of -0.84 between 4-8 and 8-12 weeks. BW and DG at different intervals had significance and the highest value in the first parity. BW and DG were significantly different in different seasons (P <0.05), with the highest value in the autumn. Significant differences in BW owing to litter size at birth (LSB) (P<0.05). Moreover, LSB had a significant impact on DG at 8-12 and 4-12 weeks, but not at 4-8 weeks.
Optimal Time to Attain a Targeted Profit Function Under Unitary Transformation
Authors: Dube Partha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The problem of fastest descent is solved by the calculus of variations which is a branch of mathematics dealing with the optimization problem of physical quantities. In this paper, profit maximization problems are judged by using this idea. In an economic system profit velocity and time are key factors to optimize policy. That is why we have investigated the path of the profit function and the minimum time to reach the final destination of a profit function by utilizing a unitary operator. Given two states, the starting profit function and the targeted profit function, there is a path which optimizes the economic policy in a least possible time among different paths. This investigation uses the unitary transformation, which transforms the starting profit function to the targeted profit function in the least possible time.JEL Classifications: C61; D21
De-industrialisation and poverty in Turkey
Authors: Bayar Ayşe Aylin , Günçavdı Öner , Levent Halul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
De-industrialisation has emerged as a crucial problem in today's developing economies, and globalisation and rapid technological progress have widely been considered as its causes. However, de-industrialisation has also been going along with a change in political discourse in some countries like Turkey, and it appears to have led to a rise in economic populism. An increase in the shares of non-tradable economic activities in value-added and employment come forward as both an instrument of economic populism and the sign of de-industrialisation. Today's populist discourse is also accompanied by high economic growth led by high non-tradable economic activities and a fall in poverty. This paper examines an empirical link between the recent fall in Turkish poverty and the rise in non-tradable activities and income. De-industrialisation seems to become apparent after 2009, and non-tradable economic activities have overwhelmingly become the engine of economic growth after this year in Turkey. The result shows that non-tradable income distinctively has more reducing impacts on poverty than those of other tradable and agricultural income. This can be regarded as one of the reasons why the Turkish policymaker fulfilling populist discourse chooses non-tradable economic activities and encourage non-tradable income to rise on average more than others.JEL Code: E25, I32, O11, O14
Circuit encapsulation for efficient quantum computing based on controlled many-body dynamics
Authors: Ran Shi-Ju , Lu Ying , Zhou Peng-Fei , Fei Shao-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Controlling the time evolution of quantum many-body systems is an important approach of implementing quantum computing. Different from the approaches by compiling the circuits into the product of multiple elementary gates, we here propose the quantum circuit encapsulation (QCE), where we encapsulate the target circuit into different parts, and optimize the magnetic fields to realize the unitary transformation of each part by the time evolution. The time-dependent magnetic fields are optimized by the automatic differentiation technique that originated from the field of machine learning. The QCE is demonstrated to possess well-controlled error and time cost, which avoids the error accumulations by aiming at finding the shortest path directly to the target unitary. We test four different encapsulation ways to realize the multi-qubit quantum Fourier transformations by controlling the time evolution of the quantum Ising chain. The scaling behaviors of the time costs and errors against the number of two-qubit controlled gates are demonstrated. The QCE provides an alternative compiling scheme that translates the circuits into a physically-executable form based on the quantum many-body dynamics, where the key issue becomes the encapsulation way to balance between the efficiency and flexibility.
The effects of rainfall on groundwater hydrogeochemistry and chemical weathering
Authors: He Xinhui , Zhou Hong , Wan Junwei , Guo Yuan , Zhao Heng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the special hydrogeological conditions in karst areas, groundwater responds quickly to rainfall. The covariation of ion concentrations and spring discharge during rainfall can help us better understand the hydrogeochemical process of groundwater occurring in the heterogeneous karst aquifers. In this study, high-resolution monitoring of groundwater runoff, hydrochemistry, and stable isotopes were conducted at the Qingjiangyuan (QJY), the source of the Qingjiang River catchment in Hubei, China. The purpose is to investigate the changes in hydrogeochemical processes and chemical weathering under the influence of rainfall. The dynamics of spring discharge indicates the presence of multiple medium such as pipelines and fissures in the aquifer. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the main sources of the solute in the QJY are carbonate minerals (mainly calcite and dolomite), evaporites (mainly gypsum and sylvite), celestite and strontianite. Anthropogenic activities have less impact on groundwater solutes. Although carbonate minerals dominate the hydrochemistry, the changes in hydrogeochemical behavior caused by rainfall may come from gypsum, which is supported by the ion concentrations. The results suggest that both carbonate rocks and evaporites have important roles in hydrochemistry. Therefore, we assume that the dissolved cations in groundwater come from rain, carbonate rock and evaporite weathering. The contributions of these three end-members were quantified based on the law of mass conservation. The proportions of carbonate weathering and evaporite weathering were 83.4% (85.2%-80.3%) and 11.6% (6.9%-18.0%), respectively, and rain was 5.0% (0.1%-10.4%). These results were integrated into a hydrogeological conceptual model that explain the observed hydrogeochemical processes, including rock weathering, piston and dilution effects caused by rainfall. The proposed conceptual model helps to improve the understanding of hydrogeochemical processes and chemical weathering in karst areas.
Insider knowledge as a double-edged sword: an integrative review of midwives’ personal childbearing experiences.
Authors: Stoliar Sharon Coulton , Dahlen Hannah , Sheehan Athena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The majority of maternity care is provided by female midwives who have either become mothers or are of childbearing age, but there is limited research exploring midwives’ own personal childbearing experiences. This integrative review aims to explore the published literature and research on midwives’ own experiences of pregnancy and childbirth.
Method
An integrative review of the literature. Similar and contrasting patterns and relations were identified and grouped into themes and subthemes.
Results
Twenty articles were included in the review and four overarching themes were identified. Insider knowledge plays a role in decision making encompassed the way midwives used their knowledge to choose; a preferred mode of birth, maternity care provider, model of care, and place of birth. Navigating the childbirth journey demonstrated how some midwives were able to use their insider knowledge to achieve agency, while others had difficulty achieving agency. This theme also revealed the ‘midwife brain’ that midwives need to manage during their childbearing journey. The theme impact of care on the birth experience described how the type of care the midwives received from maternity care providers affected their overall birth experience. The fourth theme from midwife to mother explains their preparedness for childbirth and their transition to motherhood.
Conclusion
For childbearing midwives, there is a potential conflict between their position as knowledgeable experts in maternity care, and their experience as mothers. Whilst they can use their insider knowledge to their advantage, they also experience heightened fear and anxiety through their pregnancy. It is important for maternity care providers to acknowledge and support them and provide balanced and tailored care that acknowledges the woman within the professional midwife and the professional midwife within the woman.
Process Parameter Optimization for 3D Printed Investment Casting Wax Pattern and Its Post-processing Technique
Authors: Mukhtarkhanov Muslim , Shehab Essam , ALI MD Hazrat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This research paper aims to improve the quality of 3D printed parts made of the wax filament by implementing the Taguchi orthogonal array process optimization method. The manufactured parts can be used as cost-effective investment casting patterns. With the Taguchi method, it was concluded that the nozzle temperature has the most effect on the dimensional accuracy of printed parts. In addition, thermal, mechanical, and rheological characterization were performed on the wax filament revealing several important findings. For instance, the rheological studies identified the low viscosity of melted wax at printing temperatures. This resulted in the rough surface of the printed parts. To improve the surface roughness, a post-processing procedure was implemented using a white spirit as a surface smoothing agent.
Periodicity and Stochastic Impact on COVID-19 Pandemic Mathematical Model
Authors: Das Kalyan , Kumar Ranjit , Das Prasenjit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the features of the COVID-19 outbreak with temporal delay and stochastic influence using the SIRS epidemic model in this study. We investigate the local stability of each equilibrium point in terms of basic reproduction numbers. Hopf bifurcation is detected in the system, and a time delay is inserted in the transmission terms to represent the virus's incubation period. The spread of the novel COVID-19 strain to humans is influenced by environmental conditions such as mugginess, precipitation, and temperature. To explore the impact of environmental oscillations on the coronavirus, we employ white noise perturbations in the system. Finally, we examine the mathematical reenactments using MATLAB.
Remittances and Formal Entrepreneurship Development: The Role of Local Financial Development
Authors: Alhassan Usman , Maswana Jean-Claude , Inaba Kazuo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Low savings rates in developing countries limit the effectiveness of the local financial sector in providing funding for entrepreneurship development. However, the sheer size and the relative stability of migrants’ remittances to developing countries could be essential in filling this savings gap and fostering formal entrepreneurship development. This paper investigates how local financial sector development serves as a mechanism for positioning a country to take advantage of increasing remittances inflow and channeling them towards formal entrepreneurship development. The paper deviates from the previous studies that assess the combined impact of remittances and financial development on the general economic growth by focusing on formal entrepreneurship development while excluding the informal sector that accounts for large portions of GDP in developing countries. We use a new dataset on new business density in 79 remittance-receiving countries to measure formal entrepreneurship from 2006 to 2020 alongside the panel Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS), Driscoll-Kraay standard errors fixed effect and a two-step system GMM techniques for our analysis. Our findings indicate that remittances and financial development are complementary in fostering formal entrepreneurship development in developing countries. Furthermore, we find that remittances positively influence entrepreneurship when domestic credit to the private sector, deposit money bank assets, and liquid liability reach 101.5%, 80%, and 89% of GDP, respectively. The implication is that remittances adequately fill the savings gap in developing countries, allowing local financial institutions to channel credits towards entrepreneurship development.JEL Classification: F24; L26; O16; M13
Novel Method for an Optimised Calculation of Modal Analysis of Girder Bridge Decks
Authors: Alonso Alvaro Gaute , Garcia-Sanchez David , Ramos-Gutierrez Óscar Ramón 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A correct modal analysis of girder bridge decks requires a correct characterisation of the deformation of their cross-section, governed by the longitudinal bending of the girders and the transverse bending of the slab. This paper presents a novel method that allows the modal analysis of girder bridge decks by applying a matrix formulation that reduces the structural problem to one degree of freedom for each girder: the deflection at the centre of the beam span. A parametric study is presented that analyses the structural response of 64 girder bridge decks. The study compares the dynamic structural response obtained by the proposed method with that obtained by traditional grillage calculation methods. The method is experimentally contrasted by a dynamic load test of a full-scale girder bridge. As a result of the analysis, the proposed method reflects adequate convergence with the experimental dynamic structural response. The use of the proposed novel analysis method contributes to the intelligent modelling process for the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of bridges opening the way to easily feed a Digital Twin (DT) accelerating the demands of the Decision Support System (DSS) in real time.
Low BMI is associated with poor IUI outcomes: a retrospective study in 13,745 cycles
Authors: Zheng Juan , Cai Jiali , Liu Lanlan , Guo Yanwen , Sun Jingxue , Ren Jianzhi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Although the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been extensively studied, its correlation with intrauterine insemination (IUI) has rarely been reported. Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of BMI on IUI outcomes．Methods: Six thousand four hundred and seven women undergoing 13,745 IUI cycles stratified by BMI were included in the study. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between BMI and cumulative live birth across multiple IUI cycles. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the live birth rate per cycle.Results: Compared with normal weight women (n = 4,563), underweight women (n = 990) had a lower cumulative pregnancy and live birth rate (20.71% vs 25.93%, 17.17% vs 21.61%, respectively), while overweight women (n = 854) had a higher cumulative pregnancy and live birth rate (31.97%, 26.58%). Adjusted for confounders, hazard Ratio (HR) for achieving live birth following up to a maximal of 4 IUI cycles was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.67-0.95) comparing underweight with normal weight. In GEE analyses, low BMI was also associated with a lower per-cycle live birth rate 0.77 (95%CI: 0.64-0.92) with adjustment for cycle-specific parameters, including ovarian stimulation, endometrial thickness and follicular diameter.Conclusion: Underweight is associated with poor IUI outcomes.
A constraint on the carbon-climate feedback factor over the northern high latitude forests
Authors: Liu Junjie , Wennbert Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The high latitude land (>50°N) is warming at more than twice the rate of the rest of globe. In spite of a broad consensus that the warming over the high latitudes northern forests (HLNF) has enhanced photosynthesis and contributed to the greening trend1,2, quantifying what the impact of temperature increase on photosynthesis and greenness has been difficult due to the concurring influence of the CO2 fertilization effect3. Here, using an ensemble of biogeochemical models from the Trends in Net Land Atmosphere Carbon Exchange project (TRENDY), we identified an emergent relationship between the spatial sensitivity of both gross primary productivity (GPP) and greenness (Leaf Area Index, LAI) to temperature and their corresponding temporal changes due to warming - the so-called carbon-climate feedback factor γ. Using spatially-resolved observations of GPP and LAI, we estimated the sensitivity of GPP and LAI increase due to temperature to be - 18.3 ± 2.6%/°C and 27.8 ± 4.3%/°C respectively. These observationally-derived sensitivities are ~50% and ~100% larger, respectively, than those diagnosed from the ensemble of TRENDY models. We estimated that the regional mean GPP increased 24 ± 3.7% between 2006-2015 and 1983-1992, much larger than the 5 ± 1.3 % increase from the CO2 fertilization effect implied by Wenzel et al.4. Taken together with the CO2 fertilization effect estimated by4, our results help resolve the partition of the competing effect between CO2 fertilization and warming on plants growth over the HLNF, and help reduce the uncertainties in predictions. Our results also highlight the dramatic changes of terrestrial biosphere caused by historical warming over the region. An important implication of this work is that uptake of carbon as temperatures continue to warm is likely to continue providing significant buffering of atmospheric CO2 increase
Effect of process parameters on arc behavior and weld formation in weaving gas tungsten arc welding
Authors: Xie Weifeng , Zhou Yuyang , Nian Keyu , Huang Te , Li Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The arc welding with weaving has been used widely to obtain better weld quality by avoiding lack of side wall fusion and improve the weld efficiency by obtaining the wide weld bead. But the effect of weaving process parameter change on the weld is not clear. The aim of this work is to study the effect of process parameters on arc behavior and weld formation in Weaving Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(W-GTAW), those parameters include welding currents, tungsten electrode heights from the electrode tip to upper surface of workpiece, weave angles, weave speeds, and weave stop time on the left and right sides. The instantaneous arc shape and electrical signal data were collected by high-speed camera and electrical signal acquisition system respectively. Furthermore, the weld morphology was also systematically analyzed. This result shows that the bottom surface radius of the arc changed with weaving in the W-GTAW. When the weave speed increased to 0.40 × 10-1 rad/s, the change of the radius was the least, with only 0.10 mm drift, and the difference between the arc forces in the middle and the two sides of the molten pool was smallest. Compared with the stability of each welding process, decreasing the tungsten electrode heights, weave angle and speed could significantly enhance the stability of welding. The forming coefficient of weld with a weave angle of 1.9° was 3.11, which might help reduce stress concentration and hot crack tendency of the weld. This shows that increasing reasonable the weave angle and speed can increase the weld penetration from another point of view. Furthermore, the W-GTAW technology shows great application potential in weld forming control by adjusting process parameters.