bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Light Diffraction by a Digital Micromirror Device
Authors: Pereira C , Abreu M , Cabral A , Rebordão J M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) is a technology developed by Texas Instruments, that consists in a two-dimensional array of micromirrors, which can be individually tilted between two positions. It has been used as a digital video and image processing solution,
commonly found in Digital Light Processing (DLP) video projectors. Over the years, DMDs have become popular in different fields: industrial, automotive, medical, government and home user solutions. In the astronomy field, it has been also considered in on-ground space instrumentation and it has been proposed for the development of some astrophysical space
instruments. In order to evaluate the actual impact of such device in the instrument optical design, it is important to know how the light behaves when it interacts with a DMD, namely in what regards to the diffraction process when a light beam is reflected by a periodic array of
micromirrors. In this study we describe how we simulate the diffraction patterns produced by a periodic array of micromirrors, for coherent and incoherent sources of light. The results from simulations are verified against laboratory experiments, described also in this study.
Evaluation of the orientation impact on thermal behavior of cylindrical Li-ion batteries in different cycling conditions using fiber Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Matuck L , Pinto J L , Marques C , Nascimento M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used to evaluate the thermal performance of an 18650 Li-ion battery (LiB) operating under normal and abusive conditions while positioned in horizontal and vertical orientations. In total, three FBG sensors were used to track in real-time the temperature variation of the cathode, middle, and anode of the LiB. Tests for each orientation were performed, where each of them consisted of two cycles: the first one with normal charge/discharge conditions, operating between 2.75 V and 4.20 V, and another in abusive conditions, operating between 2.00 V and 4.95 V. The battery was submitted to constant current charge and discharge steps, with rest intervals between each operation. The results suggest that, in general, the temperature variation while operation in vertical orientation is lower when compared to the horizontal one, mainly in the anode, while the LiB is submitted to the abusive charge procedure, where the temperature variation difference achieved 3.4 ± 0.2 °C. In addition, the FBG sensors were able to track in real-time the temperature variation of three different locations of the battery simultaneously. The temperature variation registered for each sensor is shown and discussed.
Multimodal approach to mineral identification: merging Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with Hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Lopes Tomás , Cavaco Rafael , Rodrigues Pedro , Ferreira Jorge , Capela Diana , Ferreira Miguel F. S. , Jorge Pedro A. S. , Silva Nuno A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is often used as a standalone technique, recent years saw an increasing interest in their combination with additional techniques towards multimodal sensing solutions capable of enhancing the capabilities of this technological solution. In this work, we try to identify possible synergies that arise from merging the analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with that from a hyperspectral scanning of the sample, comparing it with the performance of standalone solutions. Having investigated the multimodal approach for a case study involving the identification of lithium minerals, our preliminary results demonstrate that while both solutions can provide reasonable results for qualitative mineral identification, they feature advantages and disadvantages that shall be taken into further consideration. Nevertheless, when working in collaboration, the results enclosed suggest that an integrated tandem solution can be an interesting tool for material analysis for research and industrial applications, combining the best of both instruments.
Microdosimetry-based quality factors for ISO reference photon and beta sources: TOPAS Monte Carlo study
Authors: Chattaraj Arghya , Palani Selvam T. , Shrivastava Vandana , Pradhan S.M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In radiological protection, personnel dosimeters are
calibrated in terms of operational quantities such as H
p
(10)
and H
p
(0.07) against ISO reference photon and beta sources,
respectively. H
p
(10) and H
p
(0.07) are defined at 1 cm and
0.07 μm depths in the ICRU-4 element tissue phantom. In
present study, mean quality factor Q̅ is calculated at
these depths using the TOPAS-based microdosimetric distributions at
1 μm site size and FLUKA-based Linear Energy Transfer (LET)
dependent Q̅. The sources simulated are ISO reference
narrow series X-rays, 137Cs and 147Pm, 85Kr,
90Sr/90Y and 106Ru/106Rh beta sources. Using the
calculated microdosimetric distributions, Q̅ is
calculated based on ICRP60 and ICRU40 recommendations, Keller-Hahn
(KH) approximation, Microdosimetric Kinetic Model (MKM), Clonogenic
Survival and Theory of Dual Radiation Action (TDRA). The study
includes FLUKA-based Q̅ values calculated using Q(L)
vs L relationship as per ICRP Report 60. The MKM, Clonogenic
Survival-based RBE, ICRU40, TDRA and KH-based Q values
of all the investigated sources are about unity. Depending on the
source, microdosimetry-based Q̅ values using ICRP60
recommendations show significant difference from that calculated
using other models. Q̅ values of 137Cs are unity,
independent of the models.
Human and animal movements combine with snow to increase moose-vehicle collisions in winter
Authors: Cunningham Calum X , Liston Glen E , Reinking Adele K , Boelman Natalie T , Brinkman Todd J , Joly Kyle , Hebblewhite Mark , Boutin Stan , Czetwertynski Sophie , Sielecki Leonard E , Prugh Laura R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wildlife-vehicle collisions imperil humans, wildlife, and property. Collisions with moose (Alces alces) are especially consequential and there are indications they may increase during severe winters. We tested hypotheses regarding the influence of moose movements and vehicular traffic patterns on collision risk. We first modeled daily snow depth and accumulation across 5.6 million km2 of the North American Arctic-Boreal region. Next, we analyzed the movements and road use of 113 GPS-collared moose in response to snow depth. Finally, we examined the influence of these snow properties on vehicular traffic and 7680 moose-vehicle collisions. As winter progressed and the snowpack deepened in each study area, GPS-collared moose migrated to lower elevations, leading them into areas with shallower snow but higher road densities. This elevational migration corresponded with a higher probability of road-use by moose (by up to ten-fold) in winter than in summer. Corresponding to these patterns, moose-vehicle collisions were 2.4–5.7 times more frequent from December through February (compared to early summer). Collision risk was highest when and where snow depth was less than 120 cm, indicating that migration into areas with shallower snow increased collision risk in those areas. Most (82%) moose-vehicle collisions occurred after dark. This pattern was strongest during winter, when nighttime traffic volumes were eight times higher than summer due to longer nights. Overall, our findings suggest that concurrent seasonal changes in human and wildlife behavior increase the frequency of moose-vehicle collisions during winter. Snow depth influences collisions primarily through its impacts on moose movement, while strong seasonal changes in daylight hours cause an increase in nighttime traffic that further contributes to risk. This information may help predict times and places where risk of moose-vehicle collisions are highest and to develop seasonally dynamic mitigation strategies.
Consumption-based view on national and regional per capita carbon footprint trajectories and planetary pressures-adjusted human development
Authors: Ala-Mantila Sanna , Heinonen Jukka , Clarke Jack , Ottelin Juudit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Current national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions accounts and mitigation targets are mostly based on territorial GHG accounting. While several analyses present future trajectories describing how nations could achieve emissions targets, there are relatively few analyses from the consumption-based perspective. Simultaneously, there is a broad literature on consumption-based carbon footprints of individuals and regions, but without connection to the remaining carbon budgets and associated mitigation pathways, nor to the current levels of human development. This study contributes to these debates by downscaling the 1.5-degree target to an individual scale for 152 countries, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC’s) shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP1-1.9) pathway. We compare the calculated limits to current carbon footprints and show how the individual carbon budget can be operationalized on a national and regional level using Africa, Europe, and the USA as examples. We show that while GHG emissions in Europe and the USA greatly exceed the budget, in Africa the budget allows even growth in the short and medium term, and the emission cuts later if the remaining carbon budget is equally allocated regardless of the historic emissions. Finally, we modify the planetary pressures adjusted human development index (HDI) with consumption-based carbon footprints to highlight how different accounting principles underscore the uneven development between nations. We find that the average carbon footprint of many highly developed nations is as much as seven times the climate-sustainable limit. Furthermore, these same nations perform poorly when measuring their development level with the consumption-based emissions updated planetary pressures HDI. However, in the majority of nations (80% of the global population) the average carbon footprint is near or below the climate-sustainable level, but not in any of the top HDI countries. Our findings highlight that stronger policy and swift changes are needed to bring the carbon footprints of the residents of affluent countries to a climate-sustainable level.
Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide using PLD at various energy of pulsed laser
Authors: Mohammed Rami S , Fakhri Makram A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Because of its distinctive optical and electrical characteristics, titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films are one of the significant and promising semiconductor materials for environmental and energy applications. The effect of the laser pulse energy of Nd:YAG on the properties of TiO2 thin film grown on silicon and quartz substrates using the laser pulse deposition technique by the crystal structure, surface area, crystalline structure, average particle size, and porosity were summarised. The nano-thin film with the optimum condition has been prepared with a pulse laser energy of 900 mJ. The optical properties have been investigated using UV–vis spectrophotometer, morphological properties have been studied using atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, and structural properties have been examined using x-ray diffractometer and Raman spectrometer. The tests and measurements have shown a crystalline structure, and the distribution of the grains was regular in the film. Raman spectroscopy showed two diffraction peaks corresponding to anatase Eg and rutile Eg. This observation is typically used in dye-sensitised solar cells, separation sensor devices, and more.
In committee
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Committees of Congress are at the heart of the legislative process with the major issues of government divided between them. “In committee” explains how legislation starts with a bill that is then assigned to the appropriate committee or subcommittee. Securing a place on a committee is a key step for all members of Congress. Committees also have permanent staff and call expert witnesses in the process of framing legislation. The importance of the Appropriations Committee, which controls the budget, and the place of the conference committee that brings together both House and Senate to reach compromises on disagreements are also examined.
The Capitol complex
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“The Capitol complex” describes the multitude of office buildings linked by tunnels that have steadily expanded to accommodate the extended community of senators, representatives, staff, journalists, and lobbyists, as well as the many visitors to the Capitol. How the different parts of this community have developed over history and the infrastructure to accommodate them has grown is traced. The relationship between members and their staffs is examined, while the ever-expanding role of lobbyists and journalists is scrutinized. So too is the Capitol’s efforts to remain accessible to the huge numbers of the American public who visit the Capitol each year.
Adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in critically ill patients: A scoping review
Authors: Martin Jennifer R , Yu Madeline , Erstad Brian L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often recommended as opioid-sparing agents. The objective of this scoping review was to conduct a thorough search of the current literature to determine whether in adult critically ill patients there is an association between exposure to NSAIDs vs no NSAIDs and the subsequent development of serious adverse events, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding and acute kidney injury (AKI).MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews was utilized as a guideline for reporting. Searches were performed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Cochrane Library (Wiley), EMBASE (Elsevier), Stat!Ref (Teton), and Access Pharmacy (McGraw Hill) for articles published from January 2016 to August 2022.ResultsOf the 3,062 citations and titles identified in the search, 2,737 titles remained after removal of duplicates, 2,588 were excluded at title and abstract screening, and 149 articles remained for full-text review. None of the studies involved heterogeneous groups of critically ill patients in nonspecialty intensive care unit settings. Most studies evaluated were conducted in the perioperative setting and had limited adverse events reporting, particularly with respect to serious NSAID-related adverse effects of concern in critically ill patients.ConclusionIn published studies primarily involving perioperative patients, there is insufficient detail concerning the definitions and reporting of NSAID-related serious adverse events such as bleeding and AKI. These events are of particular concern in heterogeneous critically ill patient populations predisposed to such complications. In most (if not all) critically ill patients, sustained dosing of NSAIDs should be avoided regardless of COX-1 selectivity due to the paucity of safety data.
Quantitative MRI maps of human neocortex explored using cell type-specific gene expression analysis
Authors: Edwards Luke J , McColgan Peter , Helbling Saskia , Zarkali Angeliki , Vaculčiaková Lenka , Pine Kerrin J , Dick Fred , Weiskopf Nikolaus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) allows extraction of reproducible and robust parameter maps. However, the connection to underlying biological substrates remains murky, especially in the complex, densely packed cortex. We investigated associations in human neocortex between qMRI parameters and neocortical cell types by comparing the spatial distribution of the qMRI parameters longitudinal relaxation rate (${R_{1}}$), effective transverse relaxation rate (${R_{2}}^{\ast }$), and magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat) to gene expression from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, then combining this with lists of genes enriched in specific cell types found in the human brain. As qMRI parameters are magnetic field strength-dependent, the analysis was performed on MRI data at 3T and 7T. All qMRI parameters significantly covaried with genes enriched in GABA- and glutamatergic neurons, i.e. they were associated with cytoarchitecture. The qMRI parameters also significantly covaried with the distribution of genes enriched in astrocytes (${R_{2}}^{\ast }$ at 3T, ${R_{1}}$ at 7T), endothelial cells (${R_{1}}$ and MTsat at 3T), microglia (${R_{1}}$ and MTsat at 3T, ${R_{1}}$ at 7T), and oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (${R_{1}}$ at 7T). These results advance the potential use of qMRI parameters as biomarkers for specific cell types.
Development of the neural correlates of recollection
Authors: Sweatman Hilary , Lewis-de los Angeles C Paula , Zhang Jiahe , de los Angeles Carlo , Ofen Noa , Gabrieli John D E , Chai Xiaoqian J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recollection of past events has been associated with the core recollection network comprising the posterior medial temporal lobe and parietal regions, as well as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The development of the brain basis for recollection is understudied. In a sample of adults (n = 22; 18–25 years) and children (n = 23; 9–13 years), the present study aimed to address this knowledge gap using a cued recall paradigm, known to elicit recollection experience. Successful recall was associated with activations in regions of the core recollection network and frontoparietal network. Adults exhibited greater successful recall activations compared with children in the precuneus and right angular gyrus. In contrast, similar levels of successful recall activations were observed in both age groups in the mPFC. Group differences were also seen in the hippocampus and lateral frontal regions. These findings suggest that the engagement of the mPFC in episodic retrieval may be relatively early maturing, whereas the contribution to episodic retrieval of more posterior regions such as the precuneus and angular gyrus undergoes more protracted maturation.
Exposure to Thioguanine During 117 Pregnancies in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Crouwel Femke , Simsek Melek , de Boer Marjon A , Mulder Chris J J , van Andel Emma M , Creemers Rob H , van Asseldonk Dirk P , van Bodegraven Ad A , Horjus Carmen S , Visschedijk Marijn C , Weusthuis Angelique L M , Seinen Margien L , Jharap Bindia , van Schaik Fiona D M , Ahmad Ishfaq , Boekema Paul J , Tack Greetje J , Wormmeester Louktje , Lutgens Maurice W M D , van Boeckel Petra G A , Gilissen Lennard P L , Kerkhof Marjon , Russel Maurice G V M , Hoentjen Frank , Bartelink Maartje E , Kuijvenhoven Johan P , Maljaars Jeroen W J , van Dop Willemijn A , Wonders Janneke , van der Voorn Michael M P J A , Buiter Hans J C , de Boer Nanne K 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSafety of thioguanine in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is sparsely recorded. This study was aimed to document the safety of thioguanine during pregnancy and birth.MethodsIn this multicentre case series, IBD patients treated with thioguanine during pregnancy were included. Data regarding disease and medication history, pregnancy course, obstetric complications, and neonatal outcomes were collected.ResultsData on 117 thioguanine-exposed pregnancies in 99 women were collected. Most [78%] had Crohn’s disease and the mean age at delivery was 31 years. In 18 pregnancies [15%], IBD flared. Obstetric and infectious complications were seen in 15% [n = 17] and 7% [n = 8] of pregnancies, respectively. Ten pregnancies [8.5%] resulted in a first trimester miscarriage, one in a stillbirth at 22 weeks of gestational age and one in an induced abortion due to trisomy 21. In total, 109 neonates were born from 101 singleton pregnancies and four twin pregnancies. One child was born with a congenital abnormality [cleft palate]. In the singleton pregnancies, 10 children were born prematurely and 10 were born small for gestational age. Screening for myelosuppresion was performed in 16 neonates [14.7%]; two had anaemia in umbilical cord blood. All outcomes were comparable to either the general Dutch population or to data from three Dutch cohort studies on the use of conventional thiopurines in pregnant IBD patients.ConclusionIn this large case series, the use of thioguanine during pregnancy is not associated in excess with adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.
The dental and craniofacial characteristics among children with obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yanxiaoxue , Zhao Tingting , Ngan Peter , Qin Danchen , Hua Fang , He Hong 
Published: December 2022

Summary

Background
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep breathing disorder which may have dramatic effects on childhood behaviour, neurodevelopment, metabolism, and overall health in children. Malocclusion and craniofacial morphology may be related to paediatric OSA, and therefore provide information for clinicians to recognize, evaluate and treat patients with this sleeping disorder.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence regarding the association between paediatric OSA and children’s dental and craniofacial characteristics.

Search methods
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 1 June 2022.

Selection criteria
Cross-sectional studies, comparing dental or craniofacial characteristics using clinical dental examinations or radiographic findings between OSA children (less than 18 year, diagnosed with overnight polysomnography) and healthy children, were included.

Data collection and analysis
The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. RevMan software was used for performing the Meta-analyses.

Results
Sixteen studies were included. Meta-analyses showed that the overjet (MD = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.51; P = 0.01), the saggital skeletal jaw discrepancy (ANB; MD = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.52; P &lt; 0.00001) and mandibular plane angle (FH-MP; MD = 3.65, 95% CI: 2.45 to 4.85; P &lt; 0.00001) were greater in OSA-affected children. In contrast, the upper molar arch width (upper first deciduous molar width; MD = –1.86, 95% CI: –3.52 to –0.20; P = 0.03), (Upper second deciduous molar width; MD = –1.06, 95% CI: –1.88 to –0.24; P = 0.01), SNB (MD = –2.10, 95% CI: –3.11 to –1.09; P &lt; 0.0001), and maxillary length (ANS-PNS; MD = –1.62, 95% CI: –2.66 to –0.58; P = 0.002) were smaller in the OSA group.

Conclusions
This review shows that OSA-affected children tend to present with mandibular retroposition or retrognathia, increased mandibular plane angle and excess anterior overjet. However, these findings need to be viewed with caution as the corresponding differences may not be significant clinically.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42020162274)