bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
René Dubos, the Autochthonous Flora, and the Discovery of the Microbiome
Authors: Rasmussen Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNow characterised by high-throughput sequencing methods that enable the study of microbes without lab culture, the human “microbiome” (the microbial flora of the body) is said to have revolutionary implications for biology and medicine. According to many experts, we must now understand ourselves as “holobionts” like lichen or coral, multispecies superorganisms that consist of animal and symbiotic microbes in combination, because normal physiological function depends on them. Here I explore the 1960s research of biologist René Dubos, a forerunner figure mentioned in some historical accounts of the microbiome, and argue that he arrived at the superorganism concept 40 years before the Human Microbiome Project. This raises the question of why his contribution was not hailed as revolutionary at the time and why Dubos is not remembered for it.
Heterogeneous Multiscale Methods for the Landau–Lifshitz Equation
Authors: Leitenmaier Lena , Runborg Olof 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a finite difference Heterogeneous Multiscale Method for the Landau–Lifshitz equation with a highly oscillatory diffusion coefficient. The approach combines a higher order discretization and artificial damping in the so-called micro problem to obtain an efficient implementation. The influence of different parameters on the resulting approximation error is discussed. Further important factors that are taken into account are the choice of time integrator and the initial data for the micro problem which has to be set appropriately to get a consistent scheme. Numerical examples in one and two space dimensions and for both periodic as well as more general coefficients are given to demonstrate the functionality of the approach.
Thermal behaviour and fire and mechanical performance of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composites coated with flame-retardant epoxy gelcoats
Authors: Pomázi Ákos , Krecz Martin , Toldy Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated the industrial applicability of multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy gelcoats based on flame retardants containing phosphorus (P), in particular ammonium polyphosphate (APP, which acts in the solid phase), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP, which mainly acts in the gas phase) and their combination. It was possible to apply most of the formulations via spraying with the use of a diluent, while gelcoats containing RDP were sprayable without a diluent. The presence of both flame retardants provided excellent fire performance, while the Shore D hardness of the gelcoats decreased significantly, which is favourable in terms of flexibility. We compared the effect of the composite (wet compression moulding and vacuum infusion) and gelcoat manufacturing (brushing and spraying) technologies on fire behaviour. Both vacuum infusion and spraying significantly decreased the peak heat release rate and the total heat release of the coated samples during the mass loss type cone calorimetry tests. The composites prepared by vacuum infusion and coated by spraying showed the best overall fire performance. Heat release rates, three-point bending test results and the dynamic mechanical analysis of the coated samples revealed that the flame retardancy of the composite base itself can be omitted.
Generic conjunctivitis
Authors: Kirkpatrick James Ravi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGeneric sentences involving phrasal conjunctions present a prima facie problem for the standard theory of generics according to which they express quasi-universal generalisations about what is characteristic for members of a particular kind. For example, the sentence ‘Elephants live in Africa and Asia’ is true, even though it is uncharacteristic for an elephant to live in both Africa and Asia. In response to this problem, theorists have recently proposed radical departures from the standard view. This paper argues that such departures are unwarranted: not only do they fail to fully accommodate the data involving generic conjunctions, their scope is overly narrow, since the phenomena in question also arise in non-generic contexts. I propose a new theory of generics that aims to account for generic conjunctions in a principled manner and which sheds new light on the mereological commitments of natural language.
Online learning of network bottlenecks via minimax paths
Authors: Åkerblom Niklas , Hoseini Fazeleh Sadat , Haghir Chehreghani Morteza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study bottleneck identification in networks via extracting minimax paths. Many real-world networks have stochastic weights for which full knowledge is not available in advance. Therefore, we model this task as a combinatorial semi-bandit problem to which we apply a combinatorial version of Thompson Sampling and establish an upper bound on the corresponding Bayesian regret. Due to the computational intractability of the problem, we then devise an alternative problem formulation which approximates the original objective. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the performance of Thompson Sampling with the approximate formulation on real-world directed and undirected networks.
Regularising transformations for the $$(n,\,n+1)$$-Liénard equations
Authors: Filipuk Galina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe discuss regularising transformations for the Liénard equations of the form $$y''=F(z,y)y'+G(z,y)$$

y

′
′

=
F

(
z
,
y
)

y
′

+
G

(
z
,
y
)

, where F and G are polynomials of degrees n and $$n+1$$

n
+
1

respectively using the geometric approach. As a particular case we find a transformation for the Duffing–van der Pol equation which leads to the regularisation.
miRNA-559 and MTDH as possible diagnostic markers of psoriasis: Role of PTEN/AKT/FOXO pathway in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Aldabbas Rana , Shaker Olfat G. , Ismail Manal F. , Fathy Nevine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is a persistent, inflammatory, autoimmune skin disorder which can be elicited by genetic and environmental factors. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are abnormally expressed in psoriasis have emerged as an interesting candidate in psoriasis pathogenesis. However, the expression profile and function of miRNA-559, and its direct target metadherin (MTDH), in psoriasis need to be further illuminated. This study intended to assess miRNA-559 and MTDH levels in skin and sera of psoriatic patients and to investigate their clinical significance in an attempt for developing novel distinct tools for early diagnosis of psoriasis. Moreover, this study aimed at exploring participation of miRNA-559 in regulating MTDH/PTEN/AKT pathway in psoriasis. Expression levels of miRNA-559, AKT, FOXO1 and PTEN were measured by real-time qRT-PCR, whereas MTDH and p27 levels were assessed by ELISA in lesional, non-lesional tissues and serum of 20 psoriatic patients and 20 matching controls. Correlation study was conducted between different parameters. The diagnostic performance of miRNA-559 and MTDH in psoriasis was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Expression of miRNA-559 in psoriatic patients was significantly downregulated in both lesional tissues and serum as compared to controls. Conversely, MTDH protein level showed significant increase in both tissues and serum of psoriatic patients and was inversely correlated with miRNA-559 level. Meanwhile, levels of PTEN, AKT and FOXO1 were dramatically changed in psoriatic patients compared to controls. Furthermore, serum miRNA-559 and MTDH displayed comparable diagnostic accuracy in discriminating psoriatic patients from controls. Yet, miRNA-559 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance than MTDH in psoriasis diagnosis. Together, the current findings provide the first suggestion of a new mechanism by which downregulation of miRNA-559 might induce proliferation in psoriasis through modulating PTEN/AKT/FOXO1 pathway by positive regulation of MTDH. Thus, miRNA-559 and MTDH might be proposed as promising diagnostic biomarkers of psoriasis.
Neurocognition in adults with intracranial tumors: does location really matter?
Authors: Sleurs Charlotte , Zegers Catharina M. L. , Compter Inge , Dijkstra Jeanette , Anten Monique H. M. E. , Postma Alida A. , Schijns Olaf E. M. G. , Hoeben Ann , Sitskoorn Margriet M. , De Baene Wouter , De Roeck Laurien , Sunaert Stefan , Van Elmpt Wouter , Lambrecht Maarten , Eekers Daniëlle B. P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
As preservation of cognitive functioning increasingly becomes important in the light of ameliorated survival after intracranial tumor treatments, identification of eloquent brain areas would enable optimization of these treatments.

Methods
This cohort study enrolled adult intracranial tumor patients who received neuropsychological assessments pre-irradiation, estimating processing speed, verbal fluency and memory. Anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scans were used for multivariate voxel-wise lesion-symptom predictions of the test scores (corrected for age, gender, educational level, histological subtype, surgery, and tumor volume). Potential effects of histological and molecular subtype and corresponding WHO grades on the risk of cognitive impairment were investigated using Chi square tests. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons (p < .001 and p < .05 for voxel- and cluster-level, resp.).

Results
A cohort of 179 intracranial tumor patients was included [aged 19–85 years, median age (SD) = 58.46 (14.62), 50% females]. In this cohort, test-specific impairment was detected in 20–30% of patients. Higher WHO grade was associated with lower processing speed, cognitive flexibility and delayed memory in gliomas, while no acute surgery-effects were found. No grading, nor surgery effects were found in meningiomas. The voxel-wise analyses showed that tumor locations in left temporal areas and right temporo-parietal areas were related to verbal memory and processing speed, respectively.

Interpretation
Patients with intracranial tumors affecting the left temporal areas and right temporo-parietal areas might specifically be vulnerable for lower verbal memory and processing speed. These specific patients at-risk might benefit from early-stage interventions. Furthermore, based on future validation studies, imaging-informed surgical and radiotherapy planning could further be improved.
Lunacy and Scepticism: Notes on the Logic of Doubt Concerning the Existence of an External World
Authors: Sunday Grève Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article develops a logical (or semantic) response to scepticism about the existence of an external world. Specifically, it is argued that any doubt about the existence of an external world can be proved to be false, but whatever appears to be doubt about the existence of an external world thatcannotbe proved to be false is nonsense, insofar as it must rely on the assertion of something that is logically impossible. The article further suggests that both G. E. Moore and Ludwig Wittgenstein worked towards the same solution but left their work unfinished.
Data Augmentation Using Spectral Warping for Low Resource Children ASR
Authors: Kathania Hemant Kumar , Kadyan Viredner , Kadiri Sudarsana Reddy , Kurimo Mikko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn low resource children automatic speech recognition (ASR) the performance is degraded due to limited acoustic and speaker variability available in small datasets. In this paper, we propose a spectral warping based data augmentation method to capture more acoustic and speaker variability. This is carried out by warping the linear prediction (LP) spectra computed from speech data. The warped LP spectra computed in a frame-based manner are used with the corresponding LP residuals to synthesize speech to capture more variability. The proposed augmentation method is shown to improve the ASR system performance over the baseline system. We have compared the proposed method with four well-known data augmentation methods: pitch scaling, speaking rate, SpecAug and vocal tract length perturbation (VTLP), and found that the proposed method performs the best. Further, we have combined the proposed method with these existing data augmentation methods to improve the ASR system performance even more. The combined system consisting of the original data, VTLP, SpecAug and the proposed spectral warping method gave the best performance by a relative word error rate reduction of 32.13% and 10.51% over the baseline system for Punjabi children and TLT-school corpus, respectively. The proposed spectral warping method is publicly available at https://github.com/kathania/Spectral-Warping.
Total syntheses of surugamides and thioamycolamides toward understanding their biosynthesis
Authors: Kuranaga Takefumi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeptidic natural products have received much attention as potential drug leads, and biosynthetic studies of peptidic natural products have contributed to the field of natural product chemistry over the past several decades. However, the key biosynthetic intermediates are generally not isolated from natural sources, and this can hamper a detailed analysis of biosynthesis. Furthermore, reported unusual structures, which are targets for biosynthetic studies, are sometimes the results of structural misassignments. Chemical synthesis techniques are imperative in solving these problems. This review focuses on the chemical syntheses of surugamides and thioamycolamides toward understanding their biosynthesis. These studies can provide the key biosynthetic intermediates that can reveal the biosynthetic pathways and/or true structures of these natural products.
Graphical abstract
Developing positional awareness in sustainability science: four archetypes for early career scientists working in an SDG world
Authors: Schrage Jesse , Barraclough Alicia D. , Wilkerson Brooke , Cusens Jarrod , Fuller Jessica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework to guide and inform research at the interface between science and policy, engaging in sustainability science is not a value-free process and implies making a number of choices. This is especially pertinent to early career researchers (ECRs) who are faced with the need to engage with the content and frame of the SDGs, while navigating critical engagement in knowledge production. Here, we propose a framework to help early career sustainability scholars navigate these tensions. We describe four archetypes at play in sustainability research and argue that these positions allow ECRs to reflexively navigate their roles and purposes in sustainability research.
Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Friction Surfaced Aluminum Coatings on Silicon Nitride Ceramic Substrates
Authors: Atil H. B. , Leonhardt M. , Grant R. J. , Barrans S. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The lack of suitable techniques for joining Si

$$_{3}{\text{N}}_{4}$$

3

N
4

ceramics with metals has limited the usage of this otherwise outstanding material for composite applications. In this study, aluminum AlMgSi0.5 (EN AW-6060) was coated onto silicon nitride Si

$$_{3}{\text{N}}_{4}$$

3

N
4

ceramic substrates using friction surfacing technology. Experimental work revealed that the harmful effects of thermal shock (e.g., substrate cracking, coating delamination) observed with other material combinations can be avoided by selecting materials with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, low Young’s modulus and high thermal conductivity. Design of experiments derived models for coating thickness and bonding strength fit the data well (i.e., the regression model accounts for most of the variation in the response variable). Whereas the coating thickness is predominately dependent on the rotational speed used, the bonding strength is also affected by the traverse speed. Coating thicknesses upto 2.03 mm and bonding strengths of 42.5 MPa were achieved. Deposition rates exceed those of physical vapor deposition by a magnitude of ×1000 and bonding strength is on-par with thin-film metallization. Scanning transmission electron microscope analysis revealed formation of a glassy phase at the interface. Using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis high silicon and oxygen content with smaller percentages of aluminum and nitrogen were detected. High-resolution transmission electron microscope imaging revealed no distinct lattice structure leading to the assumption that the composition is predominantly amorphous and consists of SiAlON.
An In Situ Resistance-Based Method for Tracking the Temporal Evolution of Recovery and Recrystallization in Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloy at Super-Solvus Temperatures
Authors: Perry S. J. , D’Souza N. , Collins D. M. , Roebuck B. , Dong H. B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explores the influence of thermo-mechanical behavior and microstructure on recovery and recrystallization in single-crystal superalloys during casting and subsequent solution heat treatment, using miniature testing. Here, the temporal evolution of resistance was measured usingin situelectrothermal mechanical testing (ETMT) to track the process of recovery and recrystallization (RX). It was found that recrystallization is dominant only when recovery is incomplete and is dependent on both the history dependence of the strain path as well as the magnitude of the accumulated plastic strain. A precursor to recrystallization is the occurrence of subgrains and deformation twins on the sample surface, where a characteristic butterfly-type morphology of γ′ precipitates is always observed in highly strained regions. The migration of RX grain boundaries is accompanied by the elimination of lattice curvature associated with the density of geometrically necessary dislocations. Homogenized samples provide the most reliable results, while interpreting resistivity changes with recovery and recrystallization is more challenging when inhomogeneity (microsegregation, local variation of mechanical properties) in as-cast material prevails.
Phase Equilibria in the Ti-Rich Part of the Ti-Al-Nb System—Part II: High-Temperature Phase Equilibria Between 1000 and 1300 °C
Authors: Distl B. , Hauschildt K. , Pyczak F. , Stein F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe knowledge of phase equilibria in the Ti-Al-Nb system above 1000 °C is of importance for the manufacturing of TiAl-based parts for high-temperature structural applications. Especially the extended homogeneity range of the cubic (βTi,Nb) phase, which is determined by its Al solubility, and the position and extension of the high-temperature (αTi) phase is of crucial importance for the hot-workability and microstructure control of these alloys. However, the phase diagrams reported in the literature are very contradicting especially regarding these aspects. For this reason, a systematic reinvestigation of the phase equilibria in this part of the system was carried out. A total of 17 ternary alloys were synthesized, heat-treated at 1000-1300 °C, and analyzed by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), high-energy XRD (HEXRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) to determine composition and type of equilibrium phases as well as transition temperatures. With this information, isothermal sections of the Ti-rich part of the Ti-Al-Nb system at 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C were established. An isolated (βTi,Nb)ophase field is found to be stable at 1000 and 1100 °C. Furthermore, the formation and homogeneity range of (αTi) at high temperatures as well as the presence of Ti3Al at 1200 °C is experimentally investigated and discussed. Based on the observed phase equilibria and transition temperatures, an improved reaction scheme for the entire Ti-Al-Nb system is proposed.
Clinical observation on acupuncture for 80 patients with abdominal obesity in Germany: based on the theory of unblocking and regulating the Belt Vessel
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Xiong Hang , Ma Shuhui , Dai Jingzhang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
To observe the efficacy of unblocking and regulating the Belt Vessel acupuncture method for patients with abdominal obesity in Germany and its influence on the body fat parameters and glycolipids metabolism.

Methods
A total of 82 cases of abdominal obesity in Germany were selected. There were two dropout cases in the treatment process. All of the patients received acupuncture at Daimai (GB26), Daheng (SP15), Tianshu (ST25), Zhongwan (CV12), Shuidao (ST28), Waiguan (TE5), and Zulinqi (GB41). The patients received acupuncture therapy once every 2–3 d, 3 times a week. The treatment duration lasted 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AC), hip circumference (HC), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose (GLU) were measured respectively, and the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat rate (BFR) were calculated.

Results
After treatment, the total effective rate was 72.5%; the levels of BM, WC, AC, HC, BMI, WHR, WHtR, BFR, TC, LDL-C, and GLU declined significantly compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), while the TG and HDL-C slightly declined, but the differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).

Conclusion
The unblocking and regulating the Belt Vessel acupuncture method can significantly reduce body fat parameters such as BM, AC, and BFR, and correct the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with abdominal obesity in Germany.
Recent Trends in Wind Energy Conversion System with Grid Integration Based on Soft Computing Methods: Comprehensive Review, Comparisons and Insights
Authors: Abdelateef Mostafa M. , El-Hay Enas A. , ELkholy Mahmoud M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWind energy is an effective and promising renewable energy source to produce electrical energy. Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) have been developing on a wide scale worldwide. The expansion of wind energy demand tends to produce high-quality output power in terms of grid integration. Due to the intermittent nature of wind energy, great challenges are found regarding WECS modeling, control, and grid integration. This paper introduces a comprehensive review of WECS and their grid-interface systems based on soft computing methods. To achieve this aim, more than 300 articles are organised and only 160 papers are presented in this review. This is intended to cover a broad range of topics concerning the configurations of WECS, electrical generators, and various topologies of power converters used for control and grid integration. Furthermore, international grid codes for wind energy integration with electric grids, particularly frequency, power factor, and low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability are investigated. The major controller approaches and topologies for grid and generator converters are discussed. Different aspects of modern control of WECS are introduced either for grid-side or generator-side. Moreover, control strategies for maximum power point tracking methods are compared along with methods of frequency control. This review paper introduces a comprehensive and a useful summery for the recent work in literature regarding WECS. Detailed modelling, control, and grid integration along with comparisons and discussion are introduced.