bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des quartiers spécialisés d’artisans à l’époque géométrique ?
Authors: Mazarakis Ainian Alexandre 
Published: April 2022

Notre étude porte sur la question des quartiers spécialisés et plus précisément sur ceux des artisans durant l’époque géométrique. Étant donné qu’il n’est pas possible de faire le bilan pour l’ensemble du monde grec et d’inclure toutes les données archéologiques, la discussion se concentre surtout sur une comparaison entre l’Attique et l’Eubée. Selon John Papadopoulos, l’aire de la future Agora d’Athènes, avec les puits et les tombes, ne devrait pas être considérée, ainsi qu’on l’admet généralement, comme une zone d’habitations et de petites aires funéraires familiales mais plutôt comme un quartier constitué d’ateliers, au sein d’une vaste nécropole. À notre avis, ce n’était pas le cas : Athènes se rapproche plutôt du modèle d’Oropos et d’Érétrie ; nous supposons que des espaces d’occupation mixte (oikoi, ateliers, nécropoles familiales), se répartissaient autour de l’Acropole ; du reste, celle-ci ne devait pas être le seul noyau d’habitat mais plutôt un centre de culte et de refuge en cas de danger. La période géométrique est une période de formation, avec un degré de spécialisation moyen, où les mêmes personnes effectuent encore ensemble plusieurs activités, dans les mêmes espaces et les mêmes bâtiments.
Productions et espaces artisanaux à Locres Épizéphyrienne
Authors: Meirano Valeria 
Published: April 2022

Locres Épizéphyrienne constitue l’un des cas d’étude les mieux documentés en Grande-Grèce en ce qui concerne les ateliers et les productions artisanales. À propos des espaces artisanaux, outre quelques structures éparses, un vaste quartier a été mis au jour à partir des années 1950 au lieu-dit Centocamere. Si les attestations demeurent plutôt limitées pour les époques archaïque et classique (par exemple, le grand four près de la stoa « en U »), les îlots réguliers et irréguliers fouillés aux marges de la ville offrent pour la période hellénistique une documentation importante. L’étude de l’organisation des espaces montre une différenciation à l’intérieur des îlots, qui pouvaient soit être consacrés exclusivement aux activités artisanales, soit présenter des ateliers alternant avec des maisons. L’emplacement du quartier dans la topographie de la cité peut aujourd’hui être mieux évalué à la lumière des explorations récentes qui ont concerné une vaste zone près des fortifications et de la mer. Ce tableau s’est enrichi dernièrement grâce à la découverte, sur le site, du premier atelier métallurgique, et à la mise au jour d’une zone située au cœur du plan urbain et caractérisée par la présence de fours et d’autres indices de production.
La structuration spatiale de l’économie à l’Âge du fer en Gaule du Nord : une organisation originale au cœur des campagnes
Authors: Mathiot Dimitri 
Published: April 2022

Lors de leur découverte, les habitats ruraux de l’Âge du fer du Nord de la France ont d’emblée été considérés comme des fermes à vocation agro-pastorale. Toutefois, la multiplication des découvertes dans l’Europe du Nord-Ouest permet de nuancer ces attributions fonctionnelles. Dès les débuts de la période, une esquisse de spécialisation des habitats semble apparaître. Néanmoins, les témoins sont encore trop rares pour permettre de définir les conditions dans lesquelles elle se déroulait. Ainsi, bien qu’aucune structure de forge ou atelier de bronzier n’ait été découverte sur les sites des viiie-ive siècle av. J.-C., on y trouve des indices attestant d’une production d’objets métalliques en contexte détritique. Au cours du iiie siècle av. J.-C. apparaît une spécialisation dans certains domaines de production artisanale comme la production de sel. Les ateliers salicoles sont localisés à l’intérieur même des habitats enclos, dans un espace distinct de la zone domestique. Il semble également que, là aussi, une spécialisation des sites dans la production d’objets métalliques apparaisse au sein de quelques habitats ruraux de la fin de l’Âge du fer.
Promoter Proximity Defines Mutation Window for VH and VΚ Genes Rearranged to Different J Genes
Authors: Heltzel Justin H M , Maul Robert W , Yang William , Gearhart Patricia J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Somatic hypermutation induced by activation-induced deaminase (AID) occurs at high densities between the Ig V gene promoter and intronic enhancer, which encompasses DNA encoding the rearranged V gene exon and J intron. It has been proposed that proximity between the promoter and enhancer defines the boundaries of mutation in V regions. However, depending on the J gene used, the distance between the promoter and enhancer is quite variable and may result in differential targeting around the V gene. To examine the effect of distance in mutation accumulation, we sequenced 320 clones containing different endogenous rearranged V genes in the IgH and Igκ loci from Peyer’s patch B cells of mice. Clones were grouped by their use of different J genes. Distances between the V gene and enhancer ranged from ∼2.3 kb of intron DNA for rearrangements using J1, ∼2.0 kb for rearrangements using J2, ∼1.6 kb for rearrangements using J3 (H) or 4 (κ), and 1.1 kb for rearrangements using J4 (H) or 5 (κ). Strikingly, &gt;90% of intron mutations occurred within 1 kb downstream of the J gene for both H and κ clones, regardless of which J gene was used. Thus, there is no evidence that the intron sequence or enhancer plays a role in determining the extent of mutation. The results indicate that V region intron mutations are targeted by their proximity to the promoter, suggesting they result from AID interactions with RNA polymerase II over a 1-kb region.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease
Authors: McKee Amy S , Atif Shaikh M , Falta Michael T , Fontenot Andrew P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sarcoidosis and chronic beryllium disease are noninfectious lung diseases that are characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. Chronic beryllium disease is caused by occupational exposure to beryllium containing particles, whereas the etiology of sarcoidosis is not known. Genetic susceptibility for both diseases is associated with particular MHC class II alleles, and CD4+ T cells are implicated in their pathogenesis. The innate immune system plays a critical role in the initiation of pathogenic CD4+ T cell responses as well as the transition to active lung disease and disease progression. In this review, we highlight recent insights into Ag recognition in chronic beryllium disease and sarcoidosis. In addition, we discuss the current understanding of the dynamic interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems and their impact on disease pathogenesis.
A retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of staged purse-string sutures for the reconstruction of surgical defects on skin using computer image analysis program
Authors: Seong Gi Hyun , Yeom Kyujin , Yun Dea Kwan , Choi Mi Soo , Kim Myung Hwa , Park Byung Cheol 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Staged purse-string suturing has been recently introduced for the reconstruction of round or oval defects following tumor excision.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical advantage of staged purse-string suturing for the reconstruction of relatively large skin defects.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-one patients who received staged purse-string sutures were included in the study. To evaluate the defects and scar sizes objectively, computer-based image analysis was used. A modified observer scar assessment scale (OSAS) was applied for evaluating the clinical efficacy.

Results:
The mean primary postsurgical defect size in the total 21 cases was 1446.2 ± 1187.2 mm2, and the mean final scar size was about 268.1 ± 252.3 mm2. The defect area decreased gradually as staged purse-string suturing was performed. The mean total modified OSAS was 7.96 ± 1.69.

Conclusion:
Staged purse-string sutures might be an alternative reconstructive method for relatively large round or oval skin defects.
CDLQI-based Assessment of Skin Disorders Among Children
Authors: Goyal Sheena , Sajid Naheed , K. Nayak Sudhir U. , Husain Sajid 
Published: April 2022

Background:Skin is the largest organ of the human body, and one of the most sensitive indicators of a child's general health. Skin disorders, especially among children, may cause an additional emotional and psychological stress to the patients and their family.Aim:We aim to compare the extent to which various skin diseases affect the quality of life among the pediatric age group (5–12 years) based on Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study of 453 patients who attended skin clinic at a regional hospital in Northern India between November 2015 and May 2017. The study consists of questions regarding dermatoses. Patients were evaluated using a standardized pro forma and a CDLQI questionnaire. The diseases with abnormal high proportions were evaluated by the control chart technique.Results:Out of a total of 453 pediatric patients identified for dermatoses, the average quality of life based on the CDLQI score did not show significant variation across different seasons (P< 0.522). Although the type of skin disorders (P< 0.001) had a significant effect on the quality of life of the children. Based on the CDLQI scores, following diseases have a significant adverse effect on quality of life of the patients – miliaria, atopic dermatitis, scabies, impetigo, and pediculosis capitis.Conclusion:Our study has shown that skin diseases, irrespective of the type, adversely impair the quality of life of the child and in turn the family, therefore, calls for an enhanced level of compassion and care.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Authors: Wu Shu-Yu , Yang Stephen Shei-Dei , Chang Shang-Jen , Hsu Chun-Kai 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infections are commonly encountered and managed worldwide, and emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is among the most serious types of urinary tract infections. EPN is an acute necrotizing infection of the kidney, often associated with high rates of renal loss and mortality. The symptoms of EPN infection can be nonspecific, but the clinical triad of fever, flank pain, and nausea represent the most common presentations. The diagnosis and classification are performed with the assistance of computed tomography (CT). The imaging-based classification system created by Huang and Tseng is widely used in clinical assessments. They defined EPN into four different class (1–4), with the higher number the more severe disease. Optimal EPN treatment is controversial, with emergent nephrectomy suggested during early studies, whereas more recent evidence favors more conservative approaches. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis are most common pathogens. The initial use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as Third-or fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems are recommended. Diabetes, obstructive uropathy and hypertension are the most common risk factors and often need treatment together. Emergent drainage is indicated with a larger-sized drainage tube to achieve better drainage function. CT guidance has a better success rate than insertion under the guidance of ultrasonography. Nephrectomy should be reserved as the last resort for those who fail to respond to conservative therapy. This review aims to provide comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of this life-threatening urological infection.
Nonuniqueness of minimizers for semilinear optimal control problems
Authors: Pighin Dario 
Published: April 2022

A counterexample to uniqueness of global minimizers of semilinear optimal control problems is given. The lack of uniqueness occurs for a special choice of the state-target in the cost functional. Our arguments also show that, for some state-targets, there exist local minimizers which are not global. When this occurs, gradient-type algorithms may be trapped by local minimizers, thus missing global ones. Furthermore, the issue of convexity of a quadratic functional in optimal control is analyzed in an abstract setting.
As a corollary of nonuniqueness of minimizers, a nonuniqueness result for a coupled elliptic system is deduced.
Numerical simulations have been performed illustrating the theoretical results.
We also discuss the possible impact of the multiplicity of minimizers on the turnpike property in long time horizons.
A rare lesıon of breast: Hydatıd cyst
Authors: Sozutok Sinan , Kaya Omer , Akkaya Huseyin , Gulek Bozkurt 
Published: April 2022

Hydatid cyst (HC) is a lesion most commonly seen in the liver but can occur in many parts of the body. Breast involvement with HC is extremely rare. It can be isolated or accompanied by other organ involvements. In this report, we present a 46-year-old female with isolated HC located in the right breast. In the ultrasonography and MR images of the patient, the lesion was compatible with the HC, and homogenous dens lesion was shown on mammography. Diagnosis of HC was confirmed pathological. With this study, it was aimed to emphasize the radiological findings of isolated breast HC.
Visible image of the talk: illustrations by Gennady Mosin to the “Malachite Box” by Pavel Bazhov
Authors: Алексеев Е.П. , Мережников А.Н. 
Published: April 2022

В статье анализируется творческая программа Г.С. Мосина, связанная с его работой над иллюстрациями к «Малахитовой шкатулке» П.П. Бажова. Подробно рассматриваются композиционные и цветовые решения иллюстраций; отмечается синтез разных подходов и принципов, стремление художника переплавить противоречивые образы и композиции в единый стиль, который должен привести к появлению многогранного и метафорического образа Урала.
The article analyzes the creative program of G.S. Mosin, associated with his work on illustrations for the “Malachite Box” by P.P. Bazhov. The compositional and color solutions of illustrations are considered in detail; a synthesis of different approaches and principles is pointed out. The artist's desire to melt contradictory images and compositions into a single style, which should lead to the emergence of a multifaceted and metaphorical image of the Urals.
The Soviet period in the work of avant-garde artists in the collection of the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts: main trends and transformations
Authors: Горнунг О.А. 
Published: April 2022

В статье анализируются основные этапы творчества ряда известных российских художников-авангардистов на примере работ из Екатеринбургского музея изобразительных искусств. Характеризуются ключевые моменты биографий, сложность условий творчества в раннесоветский период, трансформации тематики и стиля произведений. Делается вывод о том, что те художники-авангардисты, кто остался в СССР, были сломлены. Однако одни из них смогли приспособиться к новым сложным условиям и стали «советскими художниками», другие, сохранившие свое творческое кредо, подвергались жесткой критике и находились в «духовной оппозиции». В то же время нельзя сказать, что трансформации, которые претерпело искусство бывших авангардистов, во всех случаях вели к творческому упадку. Несмотря на все сложности, многими из них были созданы значительные произведения в русле реализма.
The article analyzes the main stages of creativity of a number of famous Russian avant-garde artists on the example of works from the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts. The key moments of their biographies, the complexity of the conditions in the early Soviet period of creativity, the transformation of the themes and style of works are characterized. It is concluded that those avant-garde artists who remained in the USSR were broken. However, some of them were able to adapt to the new difficult conditions and became “Soviet artists”, while others, who retained their creative credo, were severely criticized and were in “spiritual opposition”. At the same time, it cannot be said that the transformations of the art of the former avant-gardists in all cases led to creative decline. Despite all the difficulties, many of them have created significant works in the style of realism.
INCLUSION AND HEALTH: LEARNING SKILLS IN YOUNG WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES - BASIC TOPICS
Authors: Ioannidi Vasiliki , Karvelas Markos 
Published: April 2022

<p>This paper describes good practices for learning skills and educational empowerment of children and persons with physical disabilities in an interdisciplinary framework of education, cooperation and health care. Also, the family has an important role to play in supporting the child to integrate equally into society. The purpose of this work is to highlight through a brief literature review pedagogical ways and didactic techniques of inclusive education for young with physical disabilities in school and in the community.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0939/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Smart water tank system using WIFI-based microcontroller unit
Authors: Raagas Dachel P. , Melgazo Donn Emile Kylee M. , Ergina Dave Christian S. , Verecio Rommel L. 
Published: April 2022

The water system infrastructure in the Philippines can be classified into: Stand-alone water points, piped water with a communal water point, and piped water supply with a private water point. At certain times of the year, households face the dilemma of an overflowing tank when the water pressure from the local water district is high. Conversely, the water tank goes empty during the dry season when the water supply from the local service provider is low. It is during the dry season that households stay up late at night or until early morning to watch and/or fill their water reservoir. When the water pump is turned on and left unattended, water overflows. Filling in the water tank manually results in water waste. Thus, there is a need for a solution to automate the turning off of the water tank when the full level is reached. This study presents a design and a prototype of a WiFi-based device called Smart Water Tank System (SWaTS). This system includes a hardware interface module. Its functional features are programmed using the Arduino IDE which provides a library of functions supporting a wide array of sensors and actuators. The functional test on SWaTS proved that it can provide a solution by real time water level monitoring. The water pump will automatically start when the water hits a critical low level and will automatically turn off when it reaches a near full level. With this, the tank will neither be empty nor overflow.
KARAKTERISASI BIOKIMIA BIOSURFAKTAN YANG DIHASILKAN BAKTERI ALTEROMONAS MACLEODII Y 18228 SEBAGAI AGEN PENDEGRADASI SENYAWA HIDROKARBON
Authors: Sumiardi Ade 
Published: April 2022

Agen aktif penurun tegangan permukaan yang diproduksi secara biologi (biosurfaktan) dikenal sebagai produk mikrobiologi penting yang diaplikasikan di sejumlah industri dan bioproses. Keunggulan-keunggulan biosurfaktan adalah senyawa tidak bersifat toksik, dapat didegradasi secara biologi, merupakan produk untuk industri-industri tertentu, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan dapat berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkarakterisasi biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan Alteromonas macleodii Y 18228 sebagai agen pendegradasi senyawa hidrokarbon. Dalam penelitian ini, karakterisasi produksi biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan Alteromonas macleodii Y 18228 dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi pola pertumbuhan dan analisis komposisi kimia meliputi analisis karbohidrat menggunakan metode phenol sulfuric acid, analisis protein menggunakan metode bradford dan analisis lipid menggunakan metode blight and dryer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan Alteromonas macleodii Y 18228 merupakan senyawa kompleks glikolipid terdiri dari karbohidrat, protein dan lipid.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİNİN BİREYSEL BAŞVURU KARARLARINDA DİN VE VİCDAN HÜRRİYETİ
Authors: BAŞ Sezgin 
Published: April 2022

Anayasa Mahkemesi bugüne kadar 28 bireysel başvuruyu din ve vicdan hürriyeti kapsamında görerek karara bağlamıştır. Bu başvurulardan 7’si hakkında ihlal kararı, 1’i hakkında ihlal olmadığı kararı ve kalanlar hakkında da kabul edilemezlik kararı verilmiştir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin bireysel başvuru kapsamındaki din ve vicdan hürriyetine ilişkin ihlal iddialarını inceleme ölçütleri, AİHM’in takip ettiği ölçütler ile aynıdır. Mahkeme, öncelikle, din ve vicdan hürriyeti kapsamında korunan bir hakka yönelik bir müdahalenin olup olmadığını inceler. Böyle bir müdahalenin varlığı halinde, Mahkeme, Anayasa’nın 13’üncü maddesi kapsamında sırasıyla kanunilik, meşru amaç ve demokratik toplum düzeninin gereklerine uygunluk bakımından değerlendirme yapar. Mahkeme, müdahalenin kanunilik kriterini sağlamadığı kanaatine ulaşırsa diğer kriterleri değerlendirmeksizin başvuru hakkında ihlal kararı verir.
Anayasa Mahkemesi, Anayasa’nın, din veya inancı açığa vurma hürriyetinin norm alanı olarak Anayasa m. 24/f.5 dışında bir yasak öngörülmediğini belirtir. Ancak, Mahkemeye göre dini dışa vurma açısından bu yasak dışında bir sınır öngörülmemesi, dini açığa vurma hürriyetinin bu madde dışında hiçbir şekilde sınırlandırılamaması anlamına gelmez. Anayasa’nın 14’üncü maddesinin getirdiği yorum kuralı doğrultusunda, din ve vicdan hürriyetinin sınırları, bireylerin temel hak ve hürriyetlerinde veya anayasal ilkelerde bulunabilir. Nihayette, Anayasa Mahkemesi, din ve vicdan hürriyeti ile ilgili kararlarında, uluslararası sözleşmelere ve uluslararası mahkeme kararlarına atıfta bulunarak uluslararası hukuk ile büyük ölçüde bir paralellik ortaya koymaktadır.
EFFECT OF MORAL SUASION ON ACCESS TO CREDIT AMONG MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KISUMU COUNTY
Authors: Adhiambo Osir 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monetary interventions on access to credit by micro, small and medium enterprises in Kisumu County, Kenya. The specific objective was to assess the effect of moral suasion on access to credit by micro, small and medium enterprises in Kisumu County. The theory supporting this study was the monetarism theory by Milton Friedman of 1967. It states that when money supply expands, it lowers interest rates and when money supply decreases, it raises interest rates making loans more expensive and slowing down economic growth.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was the 1,472 micro, small and medium enterprise groups registered at the department of Social Services in Kisumu County, Kenya. A confidence level of 95% was adopted to obtain a representative sample based on the formula by Yamane Taro. A closed ended questionnaire was administered to a stratified sample of 420 finance managers of the micro, small and medium enterprises. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.801 confirmed the reliability of the instrument while its validity was assessed by expert opinion of finance professionals. Data diagnostic tests and descriptive analysis provided a basis for the inferential analysis, based on correlation and regression analysis. Results showed that moral suasion has a statistically significant effect on access to credit by micro, small and medium enterprises.
Findings: The findings provide empirical evidence that moral suasion is significant for interventions targeting access to credit by MSMEs.
Unique contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study contributes to the practice of MSMEs because it recommends that access to credit by MSMEs depends on the direct effects of moral suasion. This sector should therefore take advantage of the interventions available to them through moral suasion. The study contributes to policy by recommending that policy-makers ought to employ sector specific interventions through moral suasion by setting aside funds for this sector to be managed by the financial institutions. They could also provide credit guarantees to the MSME sector to cushion the banks from non-performing loans.