bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Causal Effects of Lipid Profiles on Sleep Apnea
Authors: Tang Hongyi , Zhou Qing , Zheng Fu , Wu Tong , Tang Yi-Da , Jiang Jiuhui 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionObservational studies have suggested that lipid profiles were associated with risk of sleep apnea (SA). However, the specific lipid types and whether this relationship has a causal effect are uncertain. This study conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to investigate the potential causal relationship between lipid profiles and risk of SA.Materials and MethodsWe used the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on European participants on the UK Biobank. After a rigorous single nucleotide polymorphism screening process to remove confounding effects, we performed MR and MVMR to explore the causal relationship between lipid profiles and SA risk.ResultsBoth MR and MVMR showed causal effects of increased triglyceride on SA risk [MR: per 10 units, odds ratio (OR): 1.0156; 95% CI: 1.0057–1.0257; P value = 0.002; MVMR: per 10 units, OR: 1.0229; 95% CI: 1.0051–1.0411; P value = 0.011]. The sensitivity analysis including Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test indicated that our findings were robust. The causal effects of triglyceride on SA did not change after adjusting for potential confounders (obesity, age, sex, and airway obstruction).ConclusionGenetically increased triglyceride levels have independent causal effects on risk of sleep apnea without the confounding effects of obesity, suggesting that lowering triglyceride concentrations may help to reduce the risk of sleep apnea.
Surgical Methods and Social Factors Are Associated With Long-Term Survival in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: Construction and Validation of a Prognostic Model Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mao Yaqian , Huang Yanling , Xu Lizhen , Liang Jixing , Lin Wei , Huang Huibin , Li Liantao , Wen Junping , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to establish and verify an effective machine learning (ML) model to predict the prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), and compare it with the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) model.MethodsKaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze the risk factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS). Propensity-score matching (PSM) was used to adjust the confounding factors of different surgeries. Nine different ML algorithms,including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Random Forests (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP),were used to build prognostic models of FTC.10-fold cross-validation and SHapley Additive exPlanations were used to train and visualize the optimal ML model.The AJCC model was built by multivariate Cox regression and visualized through nomogram. The performance of the XGBoost model and AJCC model was mainly assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC).ResultsMultivariate Cox regression showed that age, surgical methods, marital status, T classification, N classification and M classification were independent risk factors of CSS. Among different surgeries, the prognosis of one-sided thyroid lobectomy plus isthmectomy (LO plus IO) was the best, followed by total thyroidectomy (hazard ratios: One-sided thyroid LO plus IO, 0.086[95% confidence interval (CI),0.025-0.290], P&lt;0.001; total thyroidectomy (TT), 0.490[95%CI,0.295-0.814], P=0.006). PSM analysis proved that one-sided thyroid LO plus IO, TT, and partial thyroidectomy had no significant differences in long-term prognosis. Our study also revealed that married patients had better prognosis than single, widowed and separated patients (hazard ratios: single, 1.686[95%CI,1.146-2.479], P=0.008; widowed, 1.671[95%CI,1.163-2.402], P=0.006; separated, 4.306[95%CI,2.039-9.093], P&lt;0.001). Among different ML algorithms, the XGBoost model had the best performance, followed by Gaussian NB, RF, LR, MLP, LightGBM, AdaBoost, KNN and SVM. In predicting FTC prognosis, the predictive performance of the XGBoost model was relatively better than the AJCC model (AUROC: 0.886 vs. 0.814).ConclusionFor high-risk groups, effective surgical methods and well marital status can improve the prognosis of FTC. Compared with the traditional AJCC model, the XGBoost model has relatively better prediction accuracy and clinical usage.
Cost-Effectiveness of Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab or Everolimus as First-Line Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Hao , Yi Manman , Han Zhou , Li Li 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn this study, compared to sunitinib as one of the available treatment options, we aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or everolimus as first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients in a Chinese health system setting.MethodsA partitioned survival model was developed to simulate patient disease and death. Transition probabilities and adverse reaction data were obtained from the CLEAR trial. The utility value was derived from literature. Costs were based on the Chinese drug database and local charges. Sensitivity analyses and were performed to assess the robustness of the model. Outcomes were measured as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), cumulative cost (COST), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsThe model predicted that the expected mean result in the lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab group (2.60 QALYs) was superior to that in the sunitinib group (2.13 QALYs) to obtain 0.47 QALYs, but the corresponding cost was 1,253,130 yuan greater, resulting in an ICER of 2,657,025 RMB/QALYs. Compared with the sunitinib group, the lenvatinib plus everolimus group (2.17 QALYs) gained 0.04 QALYs, with an additional cost of 32,851 yuan, resulting in an ICER of 77,6202 RMB/QALYs.ConclusionsLenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or everolimus has no economic advantage over sunitinib in treating advanced RCC in the Chinese healthcare system.
Cannabidiol-Treated Ovariectomized Mice Show Improved Glucose, Energy, and Bone Metabolism With a Bloom in Lactobacillus
Authors: Sui Ke , Tveter Kevin M. , Bawagan Fiona G. , Buckendahl Patricia , Martinez Savannah A. , Jaffri Zehra H. , MacDonell Avery T. , Wu Yue , Duran Rocio M. , Shapses Sue A. , Roopchand Diana E. 
Published: June 2022

Loss of ovarian 17β-estradiol (E2) in postmenopause is associated with gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease and osteoporosis. The risk-benefit profile of hormone replacement therapy is not favorable in postmenopausal women therefore better treatment options are needed. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid extracted from hemp, has shown pharmacological activities suggesting it has therapeutic value for postmenopause, which can be modeled in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We evaluated the efficacy of cannabidiol (25 mg/kg) administered perorally to OVX and sham surgery mice for 18 weeks. Compared to VEH-treated OVX mice, CBD-treated OVX mice had improved oral glucose tolerance, increased energy expenditure, improved whole body areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content as well as increased femoral bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and volumetric bone mineral density. Compared to VEH-treated OVX mice, CBD-treated OVX mice had increased relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus species and several gene expression changes in the intestine and femur consistent with reduced inflammation and less bone resorption. These data provide preclinical evidence supporting further investigation of CBD as a therapeutic for postmenopause-related disorders.
Risk Factors Associated With Prolonged Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: He Cuiyao , Hu Xiaogang , Li Tingsong , Wu Qing , Fan Jisan , Zhou Yan , Jiang Li , Hong Siqi , Luo Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To determine the risk factors associated with a prolonged antibiotic course for community-acquired bacterial meningitis (BM) in children.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included children aged 1 month to 18 years with community-acquired BM due to a confirmed causative pathogen from 2011 to 2021. Patients were divided into an antibiotic prolongation group and a nonprolongation group according to whether the antibiotic course exceeded 2 weeks of the recommended course for the causative pathogen. Associations of important clinical characteristics and laboratory and other parameters with antibiotic prolongation were assessed using univariate and multivariable regression logistic analyses.Results: In total, 107 patients were included in this study. Augmented renal clearance (ARC) (OR, 19.802; 95% CI, 7.178–54.628; p &lt; 0.001) was associated with a prolonged antibiotic course; however, septic shock, causative pathogen, preadmission antibiotic use, peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count, initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) WBC count, CSF glucose, CSF protein, and surgical intervention were not associated with the prolonged antibiotic course. Patients with ARC had more total fever days (median time: 14 vs. 7.5 days), longer hospitalization (median time: 39 vs. 24 days), higher rates of complications (72.34% vs. 50.00%) and antibiotic adjustments (78.723% vs. 56.667%) than patients with normal renal function.Conclusion: ARC is an independent risk factor for prolonged antibiotic use in children with community-acquired BM. ARC may be associated with longer fever and hospitalization durations, higher rates of complications and antibiotic adjustments.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Adult ADHD Outpatients
Authors: di Girolamo Giulia , Bracco Irene Francesca , Portigliatti Pomeri Alberto , Puglisi Soraya , Oliva Francesco 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHigh prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was found in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Insulin Resistance (IR) seems to mediate MS role in developing cardiometabolic consequences.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of MS, and the role of MS components and IR surrogate indexes in determining MS in adult ADHD outpatients.MethodsIn the present cross-sectional study, MS, defined according to the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III), and IR surrogate indexes were assessed on a consecutive sample of adult ADHD outpatients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of each ATP III component and IR surrogate index in determining MS.ResultsSeventeen out of 158 patients (10.8%, 95%CI = 0.064/0.167) fulfilled the ATP-III criteria for MS. A comprehensive comparison with prevalence in the reference population was hindered by the lack of patients over 60 in the study sample, however under this age no significant differences were found. Among MS components, blood triglycerides level (OR = 1.02, 95%CI=1.01/1.03, p = 0.001) was the main predictor for MS, followed by diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.08, 95%CI=1.01/1.16, p = 0.024) and waist circumference (OR = 1.06, 95%CI=1.01/1.13, p = 0.029). Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP, OR = 1.0006, 95%CI=1.0003/1.0009, p &lt; 0.001) outperformed Triglyceride-Waist Circumference (TG-WC, OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.01/1.04, p &lt; 0.001) in predicting MS.ConclusionsMore attention should be paid not only to MS but also to each ATP III component of MS and LAP in ADHD patients both at first assessment and during follow-up process.
Experiences Using a Multidisciplinary Model for Treating Injection Drug Use Associated Infections: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nolan Nathanial S. , Gleason Emily , Marks Laura R. , Habrock-Bach Tracey , Liang Stephen Y. , Durkin Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOver the past two decades, the United States has experienced a dramatic increase in the rate of injection drug use, injection associated infections, and overdose mortality. A hospital-based program for treating opioid use disorder in people who inject drugs presenting with invasive infections was initiated at an academic tertiary care center in 2020. The goal of this program was to improve care outcomes, enhance patient experiences, and facilitate transition from the hospital to longer term addiction care. The purpose of this study was to interview two cohorts of patients, those admitted before vs. after initiation of this program, to understand the program's impact on care from the patient's perspective and explore ways in which the program could be improved.MethodsThirty patients admitted to the hospital with infectious complications of injection drug use were interviewed using a semi-structured format. Interviews were transcribed and coded. Emergent themes were reported. Limited descriptive statistics were reported based on chart review.ResultsThirty interviews were completed; 16 participants were part of the program (admitted after program implementation) while 14 were not participants (admitted prior to implementation). Common themes associated with hospitalization included inadequate pain control, access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), loss of freedom, stigma from healthcare personnel, and benefits of having an interprofessional team. Participants in the program were more likely to report adequate pain control and access to MOUD and many cited benefits from receiving care from an interprofessional team.ConclusionsPatients with opioid use disorder admitted with injection related infections reported improved experiences when receiving care from an interprofessional team focused on their addiction. However, perceived stigma from healthcare personnel and loss of freedom related to hospitalization were continued barriers to care before and after implementation of this program.
Social Support and Diabetes Management Among Older American Indians
Authors: Goins R. Turner , Grant Molly K. , Conte Kathleen P. , Lefler Lisa 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveGreater understanding how relationships that can facilitate or impede type 2 diabetes (T2D) management and control among older American Indian people is an overlooked, yet urgently needed strategy. Thus, we examined social support among older American Indian people in relation to their T2D management.MethodsDuring the fall 2015, we conducted qualitative interviews with 28 participants aged ≥ 60 years who were members of a federally-recognized tribe. Drawing upon the buffering and direct effects theoretical models of how social support affects health, we examined transcribed audio recordings of the interviews with a systematic text analysis approach. We used a low-inference qualitative descriptive design to provide a situated understanding of participants' life experiences using their naturalistic expressions.ResultsThe mean age of our participants was 73.0 ± 6.4 years with a mean HbA1c of 7.3 ± 1.5. Main social support sources were family, clinicians/formal services, community/culture, and spiritual/God. All four common social support types were represented, namely emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support with most being instrumental in nature. A prominent gender difference was seen with respect to men receiving more instrumental support family/friends support than women.DiscussionValue orientations among American Indian people often reflect extended social systems and interdependence. A deeper understanding is needed of how social relationships can be better leveraged to aid in effective T2D management among older American Indian people. The development and implementation of evidence-based social network interventions with an assets-based orientation that build upon the cultural value of reciprocity hold promise to improve T2D outcomes of older American Indian people.
Improving Employee Mental Health: A Health Facility-Based Study in the United States
Authors: Gwain Gerald Chia , Amu Hubert , Bain Luchuo Engelbert 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn the US, over 52.9 million (21%) adults lived with a mental health illness in 2020, with depression, being one of the commonest of these conditions. The World Health Organization ranks depression as the most important contributor to global disability. As frontline workers who are responsible for taking care of a myriad of patients daily, health workers are usually exposed to depressive situations which eventually result in the development of the condition among them. This study, therefore, developed an intervention to reduce depression among workers at the Outpatient Mental Health Clinic in Washington District of Columbia, United States.MethodsA pre-intervention survey was conducted among 43 employees. The survey used the already validated Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9) to determine the prevalence of depression. The WHO Healthy Workplace Model was adopted in designing an instrument for the workplace determinants of depression. An mHealth intervention was then developed and implemented among the workers. After this, a post-intervention survey was conducted among the cohort. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted in analyzing the data with STATA.ResultsThe pre-intervention survey showed a depression prevalence of 30.2% among the employees. The post-intervention survey, however, showed that the prevalence of depression among the employees reduced to 12.6%. The surveys also showed that the majority of employees who felt exposed to workplace hazards including harmful chemicals, expressed feelings of depression (pre-intervention = 53.6%; post-intervention = 80%).ConclusionThe intervention designed for this study was effective in reducing self-reported depression among employees. Improving employee mental health in health care facilities will require awareness raising among employees, mental health friendly policies, and regular follow up of employee mental health needs. Though this intervention was on a small scale, it shows promise for using cheap mhealth solutions in improving mental health at the work place.
A Sebum-Mimetic Lipid Monolayer and Its Interaction with (Bio)Surfactants
Authors: Jurek Ilona , Wojciechowski Kamil 
Published: June 2022

Surfactants present in cleansing formulations interact not only with the unwanted lipids accumulating on the human skin (dirt) but also with its protective lipidic layer (sebum). Development of simple models of human sebum would help to compare different surfactants and biosurfactants under the same conditions. In this contribution we propose a first monolayer model of synthetic sebum composed of lard, stearic acid, lanolin, squalane and cholesterol. The monolayer compression isotherm features a gas-liquid (G-LE1), two liquid-liquid transitions (LE1-LE2 and LE2-LC), and a collapse at πcoll = 45 mN/m. The monolayer spread on pure water and pre-compressed to π0 = 30 mN/m was exposed to four synthetic surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB)) and four plant extracts (oat (Avena sativa L.), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), cowherb (Vaccaria hispanica [P. Mill.] Rauschert), soybean (Glycine max L.) and soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.)) introduced to the subphase at a dry mass content of 1% (w/w). Three modes of the monolayer-(bio)surfactant interactions were observed: (1) complete solubilization (SLS, SLES, ALS, CAPB); (2) penetration accompanied by an increase of surface pressure and elasticity but without solubilization (horse chestnut, cowherb, soapwort); (3) no interaction (oat, soybean).
REDUCING ANXIETY FACING CHILDBIRTH THROUGH PRENATAL YOGA
Authors: Alfina Tachta , Irianti Susi 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Indonesian shows that 71,9% experience anxiety during pregnancy. Stress and anxiety can stimulate an increase in the hormone corticotropin which interact with the hormones oxytocin and prostaglandins. Anxiety as a response to stress, can stimulate the body to be difficult to relax. Prenatal yoga is a type of bodywork, mind and mental exercise that is useful for flexing muscles, joint and soothes the mind and also helps pregnant women build self-confidence, and think positively before childbirth. The aim of this study is determine the differences in anxiety of third trimester pregnant women before and after doing yoga. Methods: the applied research design in this study was pre-experimental research design one-group pretest and posttest. Samples were selected using an accidental sampling technique. The instrument used was measures for the level of anxiety STAI. Data were collected using primary data by providing a questionnaire that was filled by pregnant women. Result: There were increase in the level of moderate anxiety 75%, after the intervention there were increase in 2 respondents to 14 (87.5%) who came from high anxiety, so that no one experienced a high level of anxiety (0%). Conclusion: There were increased anxiety levels facing childbirth in third trimester pregnant women after doing prenatal yoga.
Transcendentalising reduction
Authors: Duchliński Piotr , Mazur Piotr S. 
Published: June 2022

The aim of the article is to outline the concept of transcendentalising reduction and to demonstrate what role it plays in Thomistic metaphysics. An adaptive interpretation has been used in the analyses by applying phenomenological thinking based on epoche reduction to Thomistic metaphysics. It was used to present the structure of transcendentalising reduction, which consists of several different epoché. Consistently applied, this reduction should lead to a neutralised concept of being as a subject of metaphysics expressed in the formula “being as being”. In conclusion, we note that the proposed interpretation opens the door to further research in which phenomenology could be used in metaphysical studies to a greater extent than has been the case to date.
Statistical metal–insulator transition properties of electric domains in NdNiO3 nanowires
Authors: Yamanaka Takashi , Hattori Azusa N. , Hayashi Keiichiro , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Neodymium nickelate, NdNiO3 (NNO), with a perovskite structure shows resistance change of 1–2 orders owing to insulator–metal-transition (IMT) and metal–insulator-transition (MIT) at around 200 K and its IMT/MIT properties are affected by strain effects (Ni–O–Ni angular distribution). Since the resistance changes in the NNO system are considered to be dominated by competing nanoscale electronic phases, the reduction in sample size down to the individual domain scale could realize the direct investigation of single electric domains. In this study, 100 nm wide NNO nanowire structures were produced on NdGaO3(110) and LSAT(100) substrates, and the statistical IMT/MIT properties of electric domains under different strained structures were investigated. The nanowires showed prominent step resistance changes reflecting intrinsic first-order transition properties with different transition temperature distributions. A statistical transition model unveils the quantitative relationship between the IMT properties of the NNO nano-electronic phase and the strain effect due to the Ni–O–Ni angular distribution in NNO.