bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“D-I-Y” Quotation and Created Appropriation
Authors: Palis Eleni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores how white indie filmmaker Michel Gondry appropriates The Watermelon Woman’s oppositional aesthetics as a culturally appropriative, cross-racial ventriloquism. Like The Watermelon Woman, Be Kind Rewind (2008) creates an archive of classical quotations around a Black classical Hollywood artist, but while Watermelon Woman invented a fictional Black artist within an archival absence, Be Kind creates over a real-life artist, Fats Waller, a racist erasure by a white director fabricating Black artistry through cross-racial ventriloquism. Be Kind’s faux-35mm footage overlooks composer, artist, and activist Fats Waller’s real life and career and, instead, instrumentalizes Waller as a signifier, an image, a symbol of ancestral and commercial aura through monochrome’s cultural-memory-making power. Be Kind has too long masqueraded as goofy comedy without the critical weight to warrant interrogation of its (in)appropriation-via-quotation. Focusing on film quotation reveals this film’s strange, strained relationship to classical archive, Hollywood historiography, and race.
The Racialization of Space
Authors: Stokes Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how the state used the housing market to regulate family reunification. The state required candidates for family reunification to have “sufficient housing” but largely failed to act against landlords who charged foreigners more than Germans. The state also reacted to the development of “foreign” neighborhoods on German soil with a national policy declaring certain cities and neighborhoods off-limits to further foreign settlement. This policy was in effect nationally from 1975 to 1977 and in West Berlin from 1975 to 1989. Both policies placed the burden of dispersal and “integration” on migrant families seeking to navigate a hostile housing market. Migrants unable to find state-approved housing often resorted to registering in false addresses or otherwise misrepresenting their living circumstances, placing many in the situation of being “residentially illegal” and thus vulnerable to deportation.
Are Men Family Members?
Authors: Stokes Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the phenomenon of the male family migrant. These “trailing husbands” challenged the state’s position that “family migrants” should not enter the labor market. The state reacted by deciding that family migrants who had entered after December 1974 were ineligible for work permits. Official attempts to protect the labor market from foreigners inadvertently encouraged undocumented labor, hampered integration, and racialized foreign populations. Moreover, when men classified as “family migrants” illegally accessed employment, it reinforced the presumption that family migration was really “false family migration”—motivated not by affective ties but by greed. This chapter examines the 1979 reform to work permits as a “neoliberal” work policy intended to motivate migrants into specific sectors of the labor market using the instrument of work permits. It also considers state discourse on foreign women who worked as housewives and early attempts to move women from unpaid work into paid labor markets.
“Foreign Parents Violate the Rights of the Children”
Authors: Stokes Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the restrictions on child migration that were imposed in the 1980s. In 1981, West Germany lowered the age limit for child migration from eighteen to sixteen, becoming the first Western European state with an age limit for child migration that was lower than the age of majority. Many politicians proposed lowering the age limit even further, to six. These proposals were justified by a cultural and racial politics of the family: foreign children had to be protected from their fathers, stubborn patriarchs whose innate prejudices led them to make poor decisions dooming their children to an unhappy life in Germany. The debate about where to set the age limit revealed developing ideas about unbridgeable racial differences. These claims relied on social science that revealed the racial limits to German society’s imagined capacity for “integration” but placed the burden of navigating those limits on the shoulders of migrants.
Victory
Authors: Stallard Katie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the aftermath of World War II in the Soviet Union and China—known respectively as the Great Patriotic War and the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japan—in 1945 and the decisions the respective ruling regimes made with regard to commemorating the victory and the wider history of the war. It examines the early years of the Chinese Communist Party’s rule in China under Mao Zedong and the postwar and early Cold War years in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. This chapter covers the period 1945–1950.
Heroes
Authors: Stallard Katie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers Kim Jong Un’s rise to power in North Korea and efforts to cultivate popular support and regime legitimacy through appeals to the dynasty’s version of history and the memory of his grandfather, Kim Il Sung. It examines efforts to rebuild war museums in Pyongyang and Sinchon and renewed attempts to stoke memories of the struggle for liberation from colonial rule and the Korean War. It explores how Kim Jong Un draws on these narratives to attempt to justify his nuclear weapons and missile programs. This chapter also considers the role of popular demonstrations and propaganda in maintaining the leader’s cult of personality and claim to power. It covers the period 2011–2019.
Introduction
Authors: Egloff Florian J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The introduction presents the core argument that international political contestations in cybersecurity can be better understood adopting a semi-state actor lens, which the book builds through a sustained application of the historical analogy to mercantile companies, privateers, and pirates. The chapter introduces the three main claims of the book: First, by analysing contestations in cyber(in-)security against the background of the history of piracy and privateering, one can better understand how state proximity is used politically by both attackers and defenders. Second, the longevity and path dependencies of historical privateering setups refine our understanding of the constancy, and the long-term risks and rewards, of state collaboration with cybercriminals. Third, by treating large technology companies, such as Apple, Google, or Huawei, as political actors of their own kind, the mercantile company lens sharpens the focus on how cooperative and conflictive relations to states, and practices of self-protection, influence cyber(in-)security.
A History of the Loosely Governed Seas between the 16th and 19th Centuries
Authors: Egloff Florian J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a historical narrative of mercantile companies, privateers, and pirates from the 16th to the 19th century, with an emphasis on their relations with states. It defines the historical bounds of the analogy and identifies different constellations between the actors investigated in three historical periods: an account of late 16th-century Elizabethan privateering; the interaction between mercantile company, privateers, and pirates in the late 17th century; and the abolition of privateering in the mid-19th century. The late 16th century offers insights into the early modern world of overlapping sovereignties and a chaotic interplay of personal ambition and political state projects, in a world in which states were still weak. The late 17th-century period shows navies bolstered, privateers more controlled, and pirates hunted. Finally, the mid-19th century case shows a dominant power with an increased interest in the protection of property at sea, rendering piracy dangerous and privateering undesirable.
Relationships 5.0
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
No longer confined to the sidelines, new interactive technologies like AI therapists, avatar friends, and robot assistants are ready to transform technology’s role from basic tools of convenience to intimate elements of our social and emotional lives. This turn towards human-like technology signals the beginning of a new epoch in human history, a change already facing both excitement and resistance. Blending science, sociology, history, and psychology, this book asks how recent technological developments cause humans to think differently about family lives, love affairs, and emotional needs. It argues that humans are currently living through a technological paradigm shift similar in magnitude to the preceding agricultural, industrial, and informational revolutions in human history. Thanks to the convergence of the cognitive revolution (AI), the sensorial revolution (VR and AR), and the physical revolution (robots), technology can fulfill emotional, intellectual, and physical needs that have until now been met by other humans. The book then exposes the fundamental questions behind such essentials as companionship, trust, and love, and offers fascinating and revealing ideas about what the coming years will look like.
Introduction
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of recent technological advances in various fields and how they revolutionize the ways humans live in “Society 5.0.” In particular, the cognitive (AI), sensorial (virtual reality and augmented reality), and physical (robotics) revolutions taking place in Society 5.0 are expected to reshape humans’ emotional lives. These three revolutions encompass much of the human emotional experience and can no longer be dismissed as another life improvement. As it happened with previous technological revolutions in human history, we may soon see radical changes in the ways humans form connections. This introduction thus shows how further advances in these technologies may give rise to “Relationships 5.0,” whereby people develop feelings toward technology. To be clear, human-to-human relationships will continue to be a vital part of human lives and the process will be gradual as it was in the past.
Relationships 1.0
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the influence of technology on the tendencies of prehistoric societies and their attitude toward relationships in comparison to later cultures. How did technology affect hunter-gatherer forms of relationships? While most of today’s Western societies focus on the individual, the group stood at the center of hunter-gatherer society. This social structure allowed these societies to function efficiently in finding food and shelter. As survival stood at the center, the main aim of Relationships 1.0 was to procreate in safety, with some social and inter-group bonding goals also in play. Moreover, with no one living separately, the boundaries between couples became inconsequential. In this way, the nature of relationships (monogamous, sexually permissive, polyandrous, or polyamorous) was shaped by basic social structures driven by the technological means of finding food and acquiring shelter. The argument here is not of a direct and exclusive link between technological means and relationship formation, but rather that technological means triggered a chain of social circumstances, which, in turn, encouraged certain tendencies in pairing and bonding. In other words, relationships developed in light of the wider social organization and the means available to the people of Society 1.0.
Relationships 4.0
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how relationships and kinships, which have progressed throughout human history, reached a new level in the recent information age. In the information society, the individual stands as the focal point of human society. Television, computers, the Internet, and smartphones brought a process of atomization and individualization to society. As every piece of information became another node on the web of knowledge, every individual became a vector on the social web. The family, in turn, saw a sharp decline in popularity. Instead of the family being essential to breadwinning, procreation, and social status, individualism rose to power, and values of freedom, creativity, and trying new things became central. Of course, technology is not the only element affecting these changes. Factors such as education, immigration, secularization, feminism, and even the invention of the oral contraceptive pill also played a role in the decline of the traditional nuclear family.
Conclusion
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This concluding chapter reflects on the meaning of love in light of the possibility of consummating affection, care, and empathy through technology. Technology has increasingly shown the power to satisfy some of humans’ most sophisticated and nuanced emotional needs. Thus, if many components of human desires that used to seem irreplaceable, almost mystic, can be produced by technology now or will be in the near future, the three technological revolutions described in this book are paving a way to something fundamentally different. They are likely to change civilization, human society, and the concept of relationships in the same way that agriculture, and steam engines did when they were discovered and invented by humans. Naturally, these changes come with both advantages and disadvantages, and there is a need to explore, anticipate, and research how these technologies will affect human behavior, emotion, and society.
Reenacting the Enemy
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This book discusses how group memories about recent political events are constructed by the media of the group and how the information provided by the media is consumed by individual minds to form memories of those events. Based on the accumulated research in three distinct areas—collective memory, media, and the mind—the book offers an interdisciplinary sociocognitive framework within which a case study of Russian and American memory construction is investigated. The analysis of seven political events involving Russia that took place in the second decade of the 21st century and were discussed in Russian and American media outlets showed how ideological bias, distortion, and schemata worked to push against the other in an attempt to establish a narrative that reenacted an old and now reemerged enemy. By initially invoking not entirely forgotten stereotypes from the decades of the Cold War and later reinforcing those with new stories that perfectly fit old narrative frames, the two countries—via their respective media—became engaged in an information war that ultimately aimed at reaching the minds of people in those two countries. Those minds, however, while consciously questioning the trustworthiness of news coverage by their respective media, have formed memories along the ideological lines provided by the very media that they claim they do not trust. The book brings together two different methodologies and resources: content analysis of media texts and empirical data from human participants.
Collective Memory, Journalism, and News Making
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of media in the construction of collective memory, especially in the post-broadcast era. It focuses on the role of institutions and power organizations standing behind journalists and influencing how news stories are reported. It discusses various techniques used by journalists to make such stories believable, relevant, and accessible to the target audience, such as the choice of eyewitnesses, selective sources, or using media templates in order to reinforce stereotypes and provide the typification of new reports. In addition, the chapter discusses techniques that intend to manipulate the minds of the group as well as it discusses the macro- and microstructures of the news text, including headlines, leads, and visuals, are also discussed.
Conflict in Eastern Ukraine and the Downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses two events that are related closely to the takeover of Crimea. The civil war in Ukraine that started with protests in southeastern regions of the country in spring 2014 and the crash of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 in the territory controlled by the separatists in summer 2014 are major events contested by the US and Russian governments and, by extension, the respective media of the two countries. Whereas the MH17 downing is discussed through the analyses of the two separate media, for the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, it was decided to take a parallel look—wherever possible—at how both media sources reflect on the same issues within this conflict.
Civil War in Syria and the 2016 US Presidential Election
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses two events in the second decade of the 21st century that brought Russia and the United States to another standoff: the engagement of both countries in Syria’s civil war and Russia’s alleged meddling in the 2016 US presidential election. What makes these two events more similar than different is that both took place in an area not necessarily controlled by either of the two sides: the Middle East and cyberspace. Moreover, in both instances, Russia was accused by the United States of interference in the affairs of another state, which Russia strongly denied. Both events are discussed through the analysis of the US media followed by a similar analysis of Russian media.
The 2014 Sochi Olympics and the 2018 Poisoning of the Skripals
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses two less significant events selected for the project, the Sochi Olympics and the poisoning of the Skripals. These two events, incidentally, occupy opposite ends on the temporal continuum of the more important international affairs discussed in this book: The Sochi Olympics happened a month before the takeover of Crimea, and the case of the Skripals’ poisoning in the United Kingdom fell on the rich soil of the accumulated anti-Russian and anti-American propaganda in the respective countries. With this in mind, the chapter shows how the ideological information war between the two countries had changed over the 4 years that separate these two events. The analysis of the US media is followed by the analysis of Russian media related to the event.
The Medical Model
Authors: Lenz Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents Hume as endorsing a medical model of intersubjectivity. While it benefited greatly from so-called naturalistic and therapeutic readings, it differs from those in that it takes the references to medicine not as metaphorical. Rather, it will try to spell out how the model shapes Hume’s view of the mind. It shall be argued, then, that for Hume medical assumptions help us by seeing how our mental lives are socially shaped. Although Hume is not explicit about the precise medical theories he endorses, he is adamant to defend his account of sympathy against competing explanations, especially against so-called climate theories according to which our mental life is largely shaped by our physical environment rather than through interactions. The emerging position is that the sympathetic interdependence of our minds forms the background against which our views count as normal or good.
An Anxious Inheritance
Authors: Hughes Aaron W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study is about the tensions between the early framers of Islam and non-Muslims in the early Islamic period. More specifically, it is about how these early framers struggled with religious others, both external and internal, and how this struggle was ultimately responsible for the creation of what would emerge as (Sunnī) orthodoxy. While the latter would appear as the natural outgrowth of Muhammad’s preaching to those doing the framing, it was ultimately little more than a subsequent development accompanied by a retroactive projection onto the earliest period. Non-Muslims (among them Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians) and the “wrong” kinds of Muslims (e.g., Shīʿa) became integral—by virtue of their perceived stubbornness, infidelity, heresy, or the like—to understand what true religion was not and, just as importantly, what it should be. Without such religious others, proper belief could not be articulated and orthodoxy would simply have remained adrift in its own inchoateness.
Introduction
Authors: Fujiki Hideaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Introduction situates this book’s approach to cinema audiences within two theoretical frameworks: analyzing cinema audiences in terms of the discursive creation of historically constituted social subjects such as “the people;” and using the concept of historical contingency. Extant scholarship has tended to focus on the relationship between the audience/spectator on the one hand and the screen image and viewing conditions (theaters, movie-going practices, areas surrounding theaters, audiences’ social positions, etc.) on the other. In contrast, this book pays attention to discursive and non-discursive phenomena, which worked to associate cinema audiences with the formation of historical social subjects, whose terms gained relative degrees of currency in their respective contexts. The Introduction, by critically examining previous scholarship, also develops an approach through which cinema audiences and the social subjects they feed into are conceptualized as simultaneously “subjects” and “agents.” This approach may enable us not only to illuminate the complexity and significance of cinema and media audiences from a far-reaching socio-historical perspective, but also to recapture the hundred-year socio-cultural Japanese history as a whole from the lens of connections between cinema and media and social subjects. Finally, the Introduction demonstrates how the approach of this book offers a drastically different historical vision of Japanese cinema and media from that of previous scholarship in the field. Here and throughout the book, terms are constantly placed in quotations marks to remind readers of the nature of the terms endowed with historical contingency.
Mobilizing Individuals into “the National Populace”
Authors: Fujiki Hideaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter primarily analyzes discourses about the uniqueness of cinema, in order to elucidate how these discourses saw three levels of mobilizing people—first to mobilize them to watch national policy films, then to mobilize them to identify with “the national populace” redefined as self-disciplined subject, and finally to mobilize them for total war—as identical functions. While clashes erupted over the different principles of entertainment and education, popularity and prestige, and spontaneity and coercion, these cinema discourses led to the formation of fantasies that could disavow these conflicts, as well as contradictions concerning region, gender, and other social components. The chapter further suggests that this kind of fantasy structure carried over to the postwar era and even to the present day.