bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Safety of Gastric Ulcer Biopsies and Random Gastric Biopsies in the Setting of an Overt Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed
Authors: Shamaa Omar , Dababneh Yara , Shamaa Tayseer , Musleh Maher , Nimri Faisal , Ghanimeh Mouhanna Abu , Kutait Anas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common cause of hospitalization, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and therapy. Although cold forceps biopsies are considered a low bleeding risk, many defer gastric biopsies in the setting of UGIB. We aimed to conduct a study to assess the safety of gastric ulcer and random gastric biopsies in the setting of an overt UGIB.
Methods
This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care center. All patients with a diagnosis of an UGIB who had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed with gastric ulcer or a random gastric biopsy were included. Primary outcomes were bleeding and mortality within 30 days. Secondary outcomes included procedure length, rate of H. pylori or cancer diagnosis, and patient follow-up rate.
Results
Our study included 254 UGIB patients, with only 171 undergoing biopsies. Patients with more severe bleeding using Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score and Rockall Score were less likely to have a biopsy (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between both groups in length of procedure and 30-day mortality (p = 0.482 and p = 0.201, respectively). Patients who underwent biopsies were less likely to be associated with 30-day rebleeding (p = 0.04). There was no difference in H. pylori incidence and cancer detection between the two groups (p = 0.32 and p = 1.0, respectively).
Conclusions
Gastric biopsies were found to be safe to obtain in the setting of an UGIB and did not increase the risk of 30-day rebleeding or 30-day mortality.
Comprehensive AI Model Development for Gleason Grading:
From Scanning, Cloud-based Annotation to Pathologist-AI Interaction
Authors: Huo Xinmi , ONG KokHaur , Lau Kah Weng , Gole Laurent , Young David , Tan Char Loo , Zhang Chongchong , Zhang Yonghui , Zhu Xiaohui , Li Longjie , Han Hao , Lu Haoda , Marini Gabriel , Xu Jun , Gui Kun , Chen Bingxian , Shi Wenzhao , Chen Wanyuan , Sanders Stephan , Lee Hwee Kuan , Hue Susan Swee-Shan , Yu Weimiao , Tan Soo Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

AI-based solutions for automated Gleason grading have been developed to assist pathologists to make rapid and quantitative assessments, but the generalization across various scanners and updating AI models continuously using new annotated data from end users remains a key bottleneck in the field. We proposed an comprehensive digital pathology workflow for AI-assisted Gleason grading, incorporating an image quality check software A!magQC, a cloud-based annotation platform A!HistoNotes and Pathologist-AI Interaction (PAI) strategy. To demonstrate and validate the pipeline, we employed it on prostate samples obtained from 5 scanners for Gleason grading. After training on 132 prostatectomy specimens scanned by an Akoya Biosciences scanner, validation on 55 prostatectomy specimens and 156 biopsy specimens yielded a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 96% and F1 score of 78% on Gleason grading for prostatectomy specimens, and 96% sensitivity on tumor detection for biopsy specimens. For images scanned by other 4 scanners, the average F1 score increased from 67% to 75% on Gleason pattern detection after adopting our generalization solution. In clinical experiments conducted with 5 pathologists from Singapore and China, our pipeline accelerated Gleason scoring by 43%. Furthermore, it reduced annotation time by 60% via semi-automatic annotation, leading to improved model performance through incremental learning.
Solving CAPTCHAs Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: O Divya M , M Ranjitha , Dhananjayan Prem , Kiran Rachel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

CAPTCHAs are tests used to distinguish between a human and bots or computer programs. These are used by internet services as security measures to prevent unwanted access, traffic and transactions. These tests are easy for humans but difficult for machines to solve. But these tests can be easily passed by using machine learning techniques. Instead, machine learning can be used for protection by checking various vulnerabilities in the CAPTCHAs. In this research paper we have used machine learning techniques which can be used to check for discrepancies in solving CAPTCHAs. There are a variety of techniques out of which we have utilised CNN, RNN and GAN for our study based on the thorough literature study. The results of our experiments show credible numbers. All are above 90% except one method which is image captcha based on objects, which shows 68% only. The performance could be increased even by combining different captcha.
Surgical and survival outcomes after robotic and open pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary cancer: a propensity score-matching comparison
Authors: Shyr Bor-Shiuan , Chen Shih-Chin , Wang Shin-E , Shyr Yi-Ming , Shyr Bor-Uei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) in ampullary cancer has never been studied. This study aimed to clarify the feasibility and justification of RPD in ampullary cancer in terms of surgical risks, and oncological and survival outcomes. A propensity score-matching comparison of RPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) based on seven factors commonly used to predict the survival outcomes in ampullary cancer patients. A total of 147 patients were enrolled, of which 101 and 46 underwent RPD and OPD, respectively. After propensity score-matching with a 2:1 ratio, 88 and 44 patients in the RPD and OPD groups were included. The operation time was of no significant difference after matching. The median intraoperative blood loss was much less in those who underwent RPD, both before (median, 120 c.c. vs. 320 c.c. P < 0.001) and after (100 mL vs. 335 mL P < 0.001) score-matching. There were no significant differences in terms of surgical risks, including surgical mortality, surgical morbidity, Clavien-Dindo severity classification, postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, chyle leak, bile leak, and wound infection, both before or after score-matching. The survival outcomes were also similar between the two groups, regardless of matching. RPD for ampullary cancer is not only technically feasible and safe without increasing surgical risks, but also oncologically justifiable without compromising survival outcomes and surgical radicality.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Group 3 and Group 4 Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Salahuddin Moiz , Shahid Shayan , Tariq Umar , Aqeel Masooma , Arif Ali Usman , Aslam Mehwish , Sattar Saadia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased mortality, and lung diseases are the second most common cause of PH. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is often employed for PH diagnosis in low-to-middle income countries.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review of adult patients hospitalized from June 2012 to May 2021. Patients with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥ 35 mmHg on TTE were included in the study. Patients with group 1 PH, group 2, or group 5 PH were excluded.
Results:
128 patients were included, with females being 69.5%. Group 3 PH consisted of 79.7% and Group 4 PH consisted of 20.3%. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome / obstructive sleep apnea (OHS/OSA) consisted of 31.3% of the population and was the most common etiology of PH. The overall 1-year mortality after diagnosis of PH was 20.3%, with bronchiectasis having the highest group-specific 1-year mortality of 45.5%. 1-year hospital readmission was seen in 46.9% of patients. The difference in mortality rates between the groups was statistically significant (x2 = 18.1, P=0.004). The mean PASP was 59.2 ± 16.5 mmHg. On multivariate analysis, patients who did not have 1-year hospital readmission or were treated with diuretics, had decreased odds of 1-year mortality.
Conclusion:
Clinical outcomes of patients with group 3 PH vary based on causative etiology. Patients with bronchiectasis had the highest 1-year mortality and 1-year readmission rate. Currently, TTE based diagnosis for PH is a reality in LMIC.
Alteration in Prorenin-Renin Homeostasis, A Key Contributor to Renin-Angiostensin-System Pathway in The Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alare kehinde Paul , Taiwo Oluwafemi , Akindele Zainab , Olaniyi Peter , Adeyemo Rebecca , Odunitamln Tope , Oyediran Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Diabetic nephropathy is part of the microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus alongside neuropathy and retinopathy. Many mechanisms have been presented as the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy but this could be attributed to the renin-angiotensin system. The alteration in prorenin and renin homeostasis has been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus, it's noticed to a reduction in conversion of prorenin to renin thereby leading to accumulation of prorenin binding to (pro)renin.
AIM
This article is targeted at explaining the contributory roles of the alteration in the prorenin and renin homeostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and explaining why some of the drugs that act along renin-angiotensin pathways, especially angiotensin receptor blockers can be very helpful in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
METHODS
A careful literature search was made on some scientific databases such as PubMed, EMBase, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and others using a very sensitive search strategy on researches that are related to the effects of the renin-angiotensin pathway on diabetic nephropathy focusing mainly on the use Handle Receptor Protein (HRP) and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
RESULTS
The review of different articles shows that HRP, especially when used alongside Angiotensinogen Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) increases plasma renin activities, and reduces the progression and development of glomeruli sclerosis, tubular injury, podocyte injury, and proteinuria. Also, ARBs such as losartan and irbesartan were found to reduce relative risk for primary composite endpoint death of nephrons, serum creatinine level, and progression to end-stage renal disease.
CONCLUSION
Binding of prorenin which accumulates in diabetic Mellitus to (pro)renin receptor causes non-proteolytic activation at higher concentrations and also releases profibrotic molecules which are injurious to the nephrons. This can be inhibited by the use of handle region peptide (HRP) which is a competitive antagonist of prorenin or the use of angiotensin receptor blocker which aids binding of angiotensin II to the AT2 receptor leading to vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory anti-proliferative, antihypertrophic and antifibrotic effects which antagonize those produced by prorenin.
Laparoscopic Drainage Versus Interventional Radiology for Management Of Appendicular Abscess : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Negm Said , Mousa Bassam , Shafiq Ahmed , Abozaid Mohamed , Allah Ehab Abd , Attia Adel , Abozaid Eslam , Farag Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
Laparoscopic drainage of appendicular abscess has become a novel technique due to its advantages over interventional radiology like complete exploration of the abdomen, exclusion of other pathologies, excision of the appendix at same session, better cosmesis, decrease incidence of wound infection & incisional hernia, better visualization of surgical field, fine handling of edematous tissue and drainage of multiple collections.
Methods:
This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included all patients who developed the manifestations of appendicular abscess and referred to the Zagazig University Hospital Emergency Department between January 2020 and February 2022. The study was prospectively approved by Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine Institutional Review Board (Approval Number: 55342/24.1.2020), and was retrospectively submitted in clinicaltrials.gov in 15/6/2022 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05419440). The sample size was 172 patients divided into two equal group, laparoscopic group involved 86 patients (group1), interventional radiology group involved 86 patients (group2).
Results:
“Group 1 (laparoscopic drainage group) included 86 patients: 55.8% were males, with a mean age of 41.2 (± 12.2) years-old, while in group 2 (interventional radiology group) included 86 patients: 51.2% were males, with a mean age of 36.8 (± 10.9) years-old. The reported complications were bowel injury, fecal fistula, recurrence, pelvic collection and mortality with incidence rates of occurrence 1(1.2%), 3 (3.5%), 0 (0%), 0 (0%), 0(0%) respectively in group (1) while in group(2) were 5(5.8%), 0(0%), 3(3.5%), 8(9.3%), 1(1.2%) respectively. Regarding quality of life in both groups were excellent, good, poor with incidence rates of 48(55.8%), 38(44.2%), 0(0%) respectively in group (1), and 12(14%), 59(68.6%), 15(17.4%) respectively in group(2).
Conclusion:
Laparoscopic management of appendicular abscess can be safely applied in a good experienced hand with no mortality & morbidity, without the need for interval appendectomy.
Do you trust this speaker? The impact of prompting on middle-school students’ consideration of source when watching conflicting videos
Authors: Lescarret Colin , Magnier Julien , Floch Valérie Le , Sakdavong Jean-Christophe , Boucheix Jean-Michel , Amadieu Franck 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of prompting on young students' source consideration when watching videos with conflicting information. 262 French 7th graders were confronted to a series of videos in which two speakers (varying in credibility) took opposite stances on the topic of organic farming. Students were either confronted with no prompts (control group), an indirect form of prompting (watching an instructional video on the benefits of sourcing before processing the material), a direct form of prompting (filling out source credibility rating scales during the processing of the material) or a combination of both. While the impact of the instructional video on students’ source consideration proved marginal, students who had to fill the source credibility rating scales during the processing of the material better remembered the identity of the speakers (notably in delayed posttest), were more inclined to consider the expert interviewee as the most convincing and to mention interviewees’ expertise to justify their judgement. The implications of these results are discussed.
Two MADS-box transcription factors mediate epigenetic control of tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Niu Qingfeng , Xu Yaping , Huang Huan , Li Linzhu , Tang Dengguo , Wu Siqun , Liu Ping , Liu Ruie , Ma Yu , Ni Junbei , Zhang Bo , Lang Zhaobo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in many biological processes in eukaryotes. It was recently proposed to be one of the most important factors controlling fruit ripening. In tomato, dysfunction of DML2, a DEMETER-like DNA demethylase, causes genome-wide DNA hypermethylation and dramatically delays fruit ripening. However, the link between the change in DNA methylation and ripening phenotype is unclear. In this study, we revealed a novel function of RIN and TDR4 (two well-known ripening-related transcription factors) in mediating DML2-dependent epigenetic control of fruit ripening. We found that double mutations in RIN and TDR4, which are both silenced in dml2-3, are sufficient to mimic the ripening phenotype of dml2 fruits. Restoration of RIN expression in dml2-3 largely rescued ripening phenotype of dml2 fruits, and majority of RIN binding peaks were also restored in dml2 fruits. Interestingly, we found that in addition to regulating RIN and TDR4 expression, DML2 also regulates RIN binding in the genome to control fruit ripening. At a subset of RIN targets, RIN binding is blocked in dml2-3. DNA methylation is known to directly or indirectly influence TF binding, however, the sphere of influence of DNA methylation on TF binding has not been determined in any organism. Here, we found that the loss of RIN binding is highly associated with DNA methylation increase within ~ 100 bp of the binding site, and is also associated with an enrichment of histone H3, a core protein in the nucleosome. In summary, our findings filled the missing link between epigenetic change and its regulation of fruit ripening through identifying two important downstream factors of SlDML2, and we determined for the first time the sphere of influence of DNA methylation on TF binding, thus furthering the understanding of the effect of DNA methylation on TF binding in vivo.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic study unveils the gene regulatory mechanisms of sugarcane growth promotion during interaction with an endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Authors: Nong Qian , Malviya Mukesh Kumar , Solanki Manoj Kumar , Lin Li , Xie Jinlan , Mo Zhanghong , Wang Zeping , Song Xiupeng , Huang Xin , Li Changning , Li Yangrui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Sugarcane growth and yield are complex biological processes influenced by endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, for which the molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In this study, integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to investigate the interaction between an endophytic bacterial strain, Burkholderia GXS16, and sugarcane tissue culture seedlings at four different stages.
Results
During the colonization of GXS16, increasing contents of H2O2, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and proline, and elevated activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed. Accordingly, 161, 113, and 37 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the pairwise comparisons of adjacent stages. In addition, transcriptomic analyses identified 1,371, 1,457, and 365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between adjacent stages, which were largely involved in glutathione metabolism and carbon fixation photosynthesis. We then assessed the pattern of metabolite accumulation and gene expression in sugarcane during GXS16 colonization. The results showed that both DAMs and DGEs in the upregulated expression profiles were involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Overall, p-coumaroyl-CoA in sugarcane roots tended to transfer into homoeriodictyol chalcone, 5-deoxyleucopelargonidin, epi-afzelechin, phlorizin, kaempferin, and epigallocatechol due to the upregulation of the expression of genes shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), chalcone synthase (CHS), and phlorizin synthase (PGT1).
Conclusions
This study provides insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the interaction between GXS16 and sugarcane roots, which will facilitate future applications of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to promote crop growth.
Starting Analysis of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors 1000 kW by Variable Frequency Drive in Power System Case study: Tabriz Pump station
Authors: Mahmood Farhad Muhsin , Hashjin Mahdi Rahnamaei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In petroleum industrial systems, analysis of power systems should be considered to exploit system reliability and prevent change in process performance during starting in equipment such as induction motors and industrial pumps. Medium-voltage induction motors are essential electrical machines in the oil, petrochemical, and process industries; therefore, the study of induction motors is an integral part of the analysis of power system. These motors are directly fed from the power grid and are exploited afterward. The starting current of induction motors is 5 to 7 times greater than the nominal current at the moment of starting until it reaches the nominal torque. This starting current will result in the motors and transformer and voltage drop in users' appliances connected to the electric grid to the extent that it might even cause a shutdown in the grid or not start the motor. It will also directly impact the power quality of the power system. For this reason, the starting voltage drop should not exceed 15% of the terminal voltage. In this paper, the starting of squirrel cage induction motors 1000kW by variable frequency drive in Tabriz pump station has been analysed by the ETAP 19.0.1 software.
“Assessing the Impact of Individual Autozygosity on Complex Traits”
Authors: Lynch Megan T. , Maloney Kristin A. , Xu Huichun , Perry James A. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , N/A Regeneron Genetics Center 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Autozygosity, the proportion of the genome that is homozygous by descent, has been associated with variation in multiple health-related traits impacting evolutionary fitness. Autozygosity (FROH) is typically measured from runs of homozygosity (ROHs) that arise when identical-by-descent (IBD) haplotypes are inherited from each parent. Population isolates with a small set of common founders have elevated autozygosity relative to outbred populations. In this study, we examined whether degree of autozygosity was associated with variation in 96 cardiometabolic traits among 7221 Old Order Amish individuals residing in Lancaster County, PA. We estimated the average length of an ROH segment to be 6350 KB, with each individual having on average 17.2 segments 1.5 KB or larger, which in aggregate span ~ 3.7% of the genome. Measurements of genome-wide and regional FROH were used as the primary predictors of trait variation in association analysis. In genome-wide FROH analysis, we did not identify any associations that withstood Bonferroni-correction (p = 0.0005). However, on regional FROH analysis, we identified associations exceeding genome-wide thresholds for two traits: serum bilirubin levels, which were significantly associated with a region on chromosome 2 localized to a region surrounding UGT1A10 (p = 1x10− 43), and HbA1c levels, which were significantly associated with a region on chromosome 8 localized near CHRNB3 (p = 8x10− 10). These analyses highlight the potential value of autozygosity mapping in founder populations.
An integrative and comparative data-driven approach for monitoring the corn biomass under irrigation water and nitrogen levels based on the multispectral UAV images
Authors: Feizolahpour Farid , Besharat Sina , Feizizadeh Bakhtiar , Rezaverdinejad Vahid , Hessari Behzad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) remote sensing has been widely considered recently in field-based crop yield estimation. In this research, the capability of 13 spectral indices in the form of 5 groups was studied under different irrigation water and N fertilizer managements in terms of corn biomass monitoring and estimation. Farm experiments were conducted in Urmia University, Iran. The study was done using a randomized complete block design at three levels of 60, 80 and 100 percent of irrigation water and nitrogen requirements during four iterations. The aerial imagery operations were performed using a fixed-wing UAV equipped with a Sequoia remote sensing sensor during three phases of the plant growth. In the first section, the effect of different irrigation water and nitrogen levels on vegetation indices and crop biomass was examined using variance decomposition analysis. Then, in the second section, the correlation of the vegetation indices with corn biomass was evaluated by fitting linear regression models. Based on the obtained results, the indices based on NIR and Rededge spectral bands showed a better performance in both sections. Thus, MTCI indicated the highest accuracy at estimating corn biomass during the growing season with the R2 and RMSE values of 0.92 and 8.27 ton/ha, respectively. Finally, some Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) models were proposed to estimate corn biomass based on the selected indices and different spectral bands. Results of the BMA models revealed that the accuracy of biomass estimation models could be improved using the capabilities and advantages of different vegetation indices.