bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigoitrin alleviates lipid and glucose metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet
Authors: Li Mingming , Xiao Yang , Xiao Lianggui , Li Yu , Jia Mengting , Sun Yu , Pan Tingli , Zhou Lei , Li Yixing 
Published: May 2022

Epigoitrin, extracted from Radix isatidis, had excellent lipid-lowering effects.
Facile construction of the all-bridge-position-functionalized 2,4,6,8-tetraazaadamantane skeleton and conversion of its N-functionalities
Authors: Cai Rongbin , Zhou Qi , Hou Tianjiao , Li Bing , Liu Yunzhi , Li Huan , Gao Yuan , Zhu Longyi , Luo Jun 
Published: May 2022

An unusual protocol of a “one-pot” three-step strategy to build the 2,4,6,8-tetraazaadamantane skeleton was developed. 17 products were obtained in 19–46% yields, and the N-benzyl groups were transferred to nitroso, acetyl, benzoyl and nitro groups.
Access to Speech and Language Services and Service Providers for Children With Speech and Language Disorders
Authors: Davidson Meghan M. , Alonzo Crystle N. , Stransky Michelle L. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
The purposes of this study were to (a) examine children's access to services for their speech and language disorders during their lifetimes; (b) identify any child, disorder, and family characteristics associated with access to services; and (c) describe the speech and language service providers among children who received care.

Study design:
Data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey were used for this retrospective cohort study. Our sample included 491 children (ages 3;0–17;11 [years;months]) with speech disorders and 333 children with language disorders. We measured the receipt of services for speech or language difficulties (main outcome) and the type of professional providing services (secondary outcome). We examined associations between services and child, disorder, and family characteristics.

Results:
Approximately 75% of children with speech and language disorders had ever received services for their difficulties. Privately insured children and children with co-occurring conditions were more likely to receive services than their peers who were uninsured (speech: 6.1 [1.7,21.3]; language: 6.6 [1.3,32.9]) and had no co-occurring conditions (speech: 2.1 [1.2,3.9]; language: 2.9 [1.5,5.5]). Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) were the most commonly reported provider of services (speech: 68%, language: 60%) followed by early interventionists.

Conclusions:
Most children with speech and language disorders received services. However, disparities existed by race/ethnicity, health insurance type, co-occurring diagnoses, and disorder duration (speech only). Most children who received services were being provided with care by the experts of speech and language: SLPs. Updated population-based data and implementation studies are needed to document speech and language screening, referral, and access to services.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19799389
Diffuse Interstellar Bands λ6379, λ6614, and λ6660 in the LAMOST-MRS Spectra
Authors: Wu Ke-Fei , Luo A-Li , Chen Jian-Jun , Hou Wen , Zhao Yong-Heng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) have always been a mysterious existence in astronomical research. In this work, we provide more DIB samples to slightly uncover this mystery. With the LAMOST medium-resolution survey (MRS) spectra, we detected three DIBs λ6379, λ6614, and λ6660, obviously superimposed on the spectra of 11,003 stars. These spectra cover spectral types from O to K, which can provide a large number of candidates for further research on DIBs. The sample shows a clear positive correlation between the strength of DIBs and extinction, which agrees with the result in the literature. In addition, there exist two peaks in each of the velocity distribution of these three DIBs, and the velocity differences between two peaks of each pair are consistent. The reason for the two velocity components is due to the Galactic rotation.
Multifunctional neurosynaptic devices for human perception systems
Authors: Wen Wei , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The traditional Von Neumann architecture for processing information is difficult to meet the needs of the big data era, while low-power, small-sized neurosynaptic devices can operate and store information, so that they have received extensive attention. Due to the development of artificial intelligence and robotics, neurosynaptic devices have been given high expectations and requirements. The trend of functionalization, intelligence, and integration of computing and storage is obvious. In this review, the basic principles and types of neurosynaptic devices are summarized, the achievements of neurosynaptic devices for human perception systems are discussed and a prospect on the development trend is also given.
Characterization of interfaces: Lessons from the past for the future of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Wanlong , Zhang Dongyang , Liu Rong , Gangadharan Deepak Thrithamarassery , Tan Furui , Saidaminov Makhsud I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A photovoltaic technology historically goes through two major steps to evolve into a mature technology. The first step involves advances in materials and is usually accompanied by the rapid improvement of power conversion efficiency. The second step focuses on interfaces and is usually accompanied by significant stability improvement. As an emerging generation of photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells are transitioning to the second step of their development when a significant focus shifts toward interface studies and engineering. While various interface engineering strategies have been developed, interfacial characterization is crucial to show the effectiveness of interfacial modification. Here, we review the characterization techniques that have been utilized in studying interface properties in perovskite solar cells. We first summarize the main roles of interfaces in perovskite solar cells, and then we discuss some typical characterization methodologies for morphological, optical, and electrical studies of interfaces. Successful experiences and existing problems are analyzed when discussing some commonly used methods. We then analyze the challenges and provide an outlook for further development of interfacial characterizations. This review aims to evoke strengthened research devotion on novel and persuasive interfacial engineering.
Central Java regional geochemistry: influence of environmental geology and mineral occurrences
Authors: Sendjaja P , Kusniadi A , Setiawan V E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stream sediments geochemical surveys were undertaken in Central Java, Indonesia as a part of the Geological Agency’s geochemical mapping project with support from several universities. A total of 1583 stream sediment samples were collected from Central Java and analyzed using X-Ray Fluoresces for 29 elements. Geochemical maps were processed by the GIS software. Based on the overlay between geological and geochemical maps, there are several elemental anomalies, for example, the ultramafic formation from Kebumen showing distinctive Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), and Magnesium (Mg) anomalies. Meanwhile, the potassic igneous rocks from Muria Mountain have Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), and Zirconium (Zr) anomalies. Elemental anomalies related to mineral resources and mining areas such as Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu), and Lead (Pb) are found in Trenggalek, Pacitan, and Kebumen; while Barium (Ba), Iron (Fe), and Manganese (Mn) are scattered along the southern coast of Central Java. Anthropogenic elements (Chlorine (Cl), Ce, and As) spread along the north coast of Central Java probably because of pollution by industrial, farming, and urban areas. Heavy metals pollutions that were identified previously in the Bengawan Solo River flow can be seen on this geochemical map which can convincingly delineate elements anomalies due to geological and environmental conditions.
The Role of Crystal Fraction to Relative Magma Viscosity: An Approach to Understand the Explosive Caldera-Forming Volcanism of Raung Volcano
Authors: Sauqi Firman , Abdurrachman Mirzam , Kurniawan Idham Andri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Explosive volcanism is one of the deadliest volcanic hazards. The characteristics of the magma chamber that cause explosive eruptions need to be studied more deeply. Raung Volcano in East Java is an example of volcano that has a history of explosive eruptions that marked by a 2 km wide caldera. Petrographic analysis was carried out on selected 4 basaltic lava samples to determine the composition and proportion of minerals. Then, an analysis of the viscosity of the magma was carried out in relative terms using the shape and size configuration of the crystals. The comparison between the percentage of crystals and the relative viscosity value shows a positive correlation which indicates that there is an effect of the number of crystals on the viscosity of the magma. The increase in the viscosity of magma that occurred in the pre-caldera lava eruption of Raung Volcano indicates an intensive crystallization. This is supported by petrographic data which shows a porphyritic texture with a phenocryst of more than 40%. Plagioclase crystals become quite dominant crystals (> 30%). Based on this, it can be interpreted that the crystallization process occurred intensively in the shallow magma pocket of Raung Volcano.
Building blocks of a flip-chip integrated superconducting quantum processor
Authors: Kosen Sandoko , Li Hang-Xi , Rommel Marcus , Shiri Daryoush , Warren Christopher , Grönberg Leif , Salonen Jaakko , Abad Tahereh , Biznárová Janka , Caputo Marco , Chen Liangyu , Grigoras Kestutis , Johansson Göran , Kockum Anton Frisk , Križan Christian , Lozano Daniel Pérez , Norris Graham J , Osman Amr , Fernández-Pendás Jorge , Ronzani Alberto , Roudsari Anita Fadavi , Simbierowicz Slawomir , Tancredi Giovanna , Wallraff Andreas , Eichler Christopher , Govenius Joonas , Bylander Jonas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have integrated single and coupled superconducting transmon qubits into flip-chip modules. Each module consists of two chips—one quantum chip and one control chip—that are bump-bonded together. We demonstrate time-averaged coherence times exceeding 90 μs, single-qubit gate fidelities exceeding 99.9%, and two-qubit gate fidelities above 98.6%. We also present device design methods and discuss the sensitivity of device parameters to variation in interchip spacing. Notably, the additional flip-chip fabrication steps do not degrade the qubit performance compared to our baseline state-of-the-art in single-chip, planar circuits. This integration technique can be extended to the realisation of quantum processors accommodating hundreds of qubits in one module as it offers adequate input/output wiring access to all qubits and couplers.
Deafness
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘Deafness’ traces the progression and effects of Beethoven’s growing deafness, which he first noticed sometime around 1798. His pain was both physical and emotional and came to a head in the fall of 1802 toward the end of a months-long stay in the spa village of Heiligenstadt, where he wrote the so-called Heiligenstadt Testament, an extraordinary verbal outpouring of both frustration and resolve. Beethoven eventually had to give up performing in public, both as a pianist and conductor, but the malady did not prevent him from pursuing composition to the very end of his life.
Money
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘Money’ argues that money was a source of constant anxiety for Beethoven, and understandably so, for when it came to making a living as an independent composer, his ideals collided with reality in ways that were brutal at times. Throughout his career he sought a fixed court position that would assure him a steady and reliable source of income. He failed at every turn. Bad timing played a major role: two decades of war and inflation had drained the coffers of those aristocratic families that had grown accustomed to employing their own private orchestras and the directors to lead them. Beethoven was compelled to cobble together income from a variety of sources: performing (as pianist and as a conductor), teaching piano and composition (neither of which he enjoyed), and the sale of his published works. By his own admission, the composer had to be careful about which genres might succeed in the marketplace. A substantial annuity from three patrons in 1809, granted on the condition that Beethoven remain in Vienna, provided a temporary source of steady income, but it never amounted to what the composer had been promised.
Politics
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘Politics’ explains that Beethoven was born into a world of strict social hierarchies and as an artist occupied something of a middle ground between nobility and commoners. He was eighteen years old when the French Revolution broke out, and he witnessed changes that transformed not only the map of Europe but its mind as well. Small wonder, then, that his own political views so often seem contradictory. He at times admired Napoleon and at times despised him. He professed sympathy for commoners but did not want to be treated like one and never corrected those who mistook in the “van” in his name—a common surname prefix in the Low Countries—for “von,” an indicator of nobility in German-speaking lands.
“Beethoven”
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘Beethoven’ asks why Beethoven’s contemporaries knew relatively little about him as an individual. It was only after his death that an image of him began to emerge, fuelled by the discovery and publication of the Heiligenstadt Testament, the letter to the Immortal Beloved, and a series of reminiscences and biographies. More and more, the public came to hear Beethoven’s music as a form of sonic autobiography, and critics went to great lengths to associate specific events in his life with specific compositions. Beethoven’s reputation as the most consequential composer in the history of Western music grew exponentially in the century after his death. The many monuments and statues erected in his honour bear witness to a sense of intense national and cultural pride on the part of Germans, who regarded him as the musical counterpart to Goethe. Over time, political parties from the far left to the far right would co-opt Beethoven’s music to serve their various causes. His hold on popular culture continues unabated, having found its way into disco, rap, and popular song, and his life has been the subject of multiple feature-length films.
Modern challenges
Authors: Stackhouse John G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘Modern challenges’ evaluates how modernity poses several key challenges to evangelical religion. These include Biblical criticism and liberal theology; science and secularism; imperialism and social justice; and other religious alternatives. As evangelicalism expanded, it did not always and everywhere thrive. Within Christian circles, in Western cultures at large, and in engagement with other societies around the world, evangelicalism faced indifference, resistance, persecution, and even the subversion of its most fundamental convictions. However, evangelicalism generally flourished as modernity advanced because its fundamental traits both reinforce and are reinforced by the fundamental traits of modernity. Modernity has nonetheless exacted a toll on evangelicalism and may yet co-opt or conquer it.
Genetically predicted on-statin LDL response is associated with higher intracerebral haemorrhage risk
Authors: Mayerhofer Ernst , Malik Rainer , Parodi Livia , Burgess Stephen , Harloff Andreas , Dichgans Martin , Rosand Jonathan , Anderson Christopher D , Georgakis Marios K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Statins lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and are widely used for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Whether statin-induced low-density lipoprotein reduction increases risk of intracerebral haemorrhage has been debated for almost two decades. Here, we explored whether genetically predicted on-statin low-density lipoprotein response is associated with intracerebral haemorrhage risk using Mendelian randomization. Using genomic data from randomized trials, we derived a polygenic score from 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms of on-statin low-density lipoprotein response and tested it in the population-based UK Biobank. We extracted statin drug and dose information from primary care data on a subset of 225 195 UK Biobank participants covering a period of 29 years. We validated the effects of the genetic score on longitudinal low-density lipoprotein measurements with generalized mixed models and explored associations with incident intracerebral haemorrhage using Cox regression analysis. Statins were prescribed at least once to 75 973 (31%) of the study participants (mean 57 years, 55% females). Among statin users, mean low-density lipoprotein decreased by 3.45 mg/dl per year [95% confidence interval (CI): (−3.47, −3.42)] over follow-up. A higher genetic score of statin response [1 standard deviation (SD) increment] was associated with significant additional reductions in low-density lipoprotein levels [−0.05 mg/dl per year, (−0.07, −0.02)], showed concordant lipidomic effects on other lipid traits as statin use and was associated with a lower risk for incident myocardial infarction [hazard ratio per SD increment 0.98 95% CI (0.96, 0.99)] and peripheral artery disease [hazard ratio per SD increment 0.93 95% CI (0.87, 0.99)]. Over a 11-year follow-up period, a higher genetically predicted statin response among statin users was associated with higher intracerebral haemorrhage risk in a model adjusting for statin dose [hazard ratio per SD increment 1.16, 95% CI (1.05, 1.28)]. On the contrary, there was no association with intracerebral haemorrhage risk among statin non-users (P = 0.89). These results provide further support for the hypothesis that statin-induced low-density lipoprotein reduction may be causally associated with intracerebral haemorrhage risk. While the net benefit of statins for preventing vascular disease is well-established, these results provide insights about the personalized response to statin intake and the role of pharmacological low-density lipoprotein lowering in the pathogenesis of intracerebral haemorrhage.
Medullary kappa-opioid receptor neurons inhibit pain and itch through a descending circuit
Authors: Nguyen Eileen , Smith Kelly M , Cramer Nathan , Holland Ruby A , Bleimeister Isabel H , Flores-Felix Krystal , Silberberg Hanna , Keller Asaf , Le Pichon Claire E , Ross Sarah E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In perilous and stressful situations, the ability to suppress pain can be critical for survival. The rostral ventromedial medulla contains neurons that robustly inhibit nocioception at the level of the spinal cord through a top-down modulatory pathway. Although much is known about the role of the rostral ventromedial medulla in the inhibition of pain, the precise ability to directly manipulate pain-inhibitory neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla has never been achieved. We now expose a cellular circuit that inhibits nocioception and itch in mice.
Through a combination of molecular, tracing and behavioural approaches, we found that rostral ventromedial medulla neurons containing the kappa-opioid receptor inhibit itch and nocioception. With chemogenetic inhibition, we uncovered that these neurons are required for stress-induced analgesia. Using intersectional chemogenetic and pharmacological approaches, we determined that rostral ventromedial medulla kappa-opioid receptor neurons inhibit nocioception and itch through a descending circuit. Lastly, we identified a dynorphinergic pathway arising from the periaqueductal grey that modulates nociception within the rostral ventromedial medulla. These discoveries highlight a distinct population of rostral ventromedial medulla neurons capable of broadly and robustly inhibiting itch and nocioception.
Surface C, N, O, and Na abundances of RR Lyrae variables implying the nature of internal mixing in low-mass stars
Authors: Takeda Yoichi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Photospheric abundances of C, N, O, and Na were determined by applying the synthetic spectrum-fitting technique to 34 snap-shot high-dispersion spectra of 22 RR Lyr stars covering a metallicity range of $-1.8 \lesssim$ [Fe/H] $\lesssim 0.0$, with an aim of investigating the mixing mechanism in the interior of low-mass giant stars by examining the abundance anomalies of these elements possibly affected by the evolution-induced dredge-up of nuclear burning products. Special attention was paid to check the recent theoretical stellar evolution simulations indicating the importance of thermohaline mixing in low-mass stars ($M \lesssim$ 1 M⊙), which is expected to be more significant as the metallicity is lowered. By inspecting the resulting abundances in comparison with those of unevolved metal-poor dwarfs at the same metallicity, the deficiency in C as well as enrichment in N was confirmed (while O is almost unchanged), the extent of peculiarities tending to increase with a decrease in [Fe/H]. Accordingly, the [C/N] ratio turned out to progressively decrease towards lower metallicity from ∼0 ([Fe/H] ∼0) to ∼−1 ([Fe/H] ∼−1.5), which is reasonably consistent with the theoretical prediction in the presence of thermohaline mixing. However, these RR Lyr stars do not show any apparent Na anomaly (i.e. essentially the same [Na/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trends as those of dwarfs), despite that metallicity-dependent overabundance in Na is theoretically expected for the case of non-canonical mixing. This inconsistency between C/N and Na may suggest a necessity of further improvement in the current theory.
FuzDrop on AlphaFold: visualizing the sequence-dependent propensity of liquid–liquid phase separation and aggregation of proteins
Authors: Hatos Andras , Tosatto Silvio C E , Vendruscolo Michele , Fuxreiter Monika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many proteins perform their functions within membraneless organelles, where they form a liquid-like condensed state, also known as droplet state. The FuzDrop method predicts the probability of spontaneous liquid–liquid phase separation of proteins and provides a sequence-based score to identify the regions that promote this process. Furthermore, the FuzDrop method estimates the propensity of conversion of proteins to the amyloid state, and identifies aggregation hot-spots, which can drive the irreversible maturation of the liquid-like droplet state. These predictions can also identify mutations that can induce formation of amyloid aggregates, including those implicated in human diseases. To facilitate the interpretation of the predictions, the droplet-promoting and aggregation-promoting regions can be visualized on protein structures generated by AlphaFold. The FuzDrop server (https://fuzdrop.bio.unipd.it) thus offers insights into the complex behavior of proteins in their condensed states and facilitates the understanding of the functional relationships of proteins.