bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Response of Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1818) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Pupae After Submersion in Freshwater
Authors: Carmo Anderson C , Carneiro Larissa T , Azevedo Wellington T A , Alencar Jeronimo A F , Aguiar Valéria M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Forensic Entomology uses arthropods to aid in legal investigations. This study checked the biological response of Chrysomya putoria pupae to submersion in fresh water for up to 6 d, evaluating the critical submersion time, survival rate, and development time of the flies. Adults were collected using fish baits in two typical traps. Seven hundred and twenty fourth-generation pupae with 2 d of development were used and separated into submergence intervals: 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h. An additional 120 pupae were used as a control. Each treatment was done in triplicate, consisting of 40 pupae distributed in four tulle-sealed test tubes containing 10 pupae each. All tubes of each treatment were co-adhered in test tube racks and were submerged in mineral water in a container with constant oxygenation, except those of the control group, which were not submerged. The tubes were removed from the water according to their respective submersion interval, until 144 h was completed. The control group had a survival rate of 90%, while the 24-h treatment had 85% and the 48-h treatment had 35.8%. The critical submersion time for pupae was 72 h, with 100% mortality by 144 h. The average development time for the control group was 3.2 d, while the 24- and 48-h treatments developed in 4.3 and 6.3 d, respectively. The longer the individuals were submerged, the lower the survival rate was, while the development time increased. The data obtained in this study have potential in applications to estimate the interval of submersion of a cadaver.
DNA methylation subclass receptor tyrosine kinase II (RTK II) is predictive for seizure development in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Ricklefs Franz L , Drexler Richard , Wollmann Kathrin , Eckhardt Alicia , Heiland Dieter H , Sauvigny Thomas , Maire Cecile , Lamszus Katrin , Westphal Manfred , Schüller Ulrich , Dührsen Lasse 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeizures can present at any time before or after the diagnosis of a glioma. Roughly, 25%–30% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients initially present with seizures, and an additional 30% develop seizures during the course of the disease. Early studies failed to show an effect of general administration of antiepileptic drugs for glioblastoma patients, since they were unable to stratify patients into high- or low-risk seizure groups.Methods111 patients, who underwent surgery for a GBM, were included. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed, before methylation subclasses and copy number changes inferred from methylation data were correlated with clinical characteristics. Independently, global gene expression was analyzed in GBM methylation subclasses from TCGA datasets (n = 68).ResultsReceptor tyrosine Kinase (RTK) II GBM showed a significantly higher incidence of seizures than RTK I and mesenchymal (MES) GBM (P &lt; .01). Accordingly, RNA expression datasets revealed an upregulation of genes involved in neurotransmitter synapses and vesicle transport in RTK II glioblastomas. In a multivariate analysis, temporal location (P = .02, OR 5.69) and RTK II (P = .03, OR 5.01) were most predictive for preoperative seizures. During postoperative follow-up, only RTK II remained significantly associated with the development of seizures (P &lt; .01, OR 8.23). Consequently, the need for antiepileptic medication and its increase due to treatment failure was highly associated with the RTK II methylation subclass (P &lt; .01).ConclusionOur study shows a strong correlation of RTK II glioblastomas with preoperative and long-term seizures. These results underline the benefit of molecular glioblastoma profiling with important implications for postoperative seizure control.
Achieving ultrahigh electrochemical performance by surface design and nanoconfined water manipulation
Authors: Li Haisheng , Xu Kui , Chen Pohua , Yuan Youyou , Qiu Yi , Wang Ligang , Zhu Liu , Wang Xiaoge , Cai Guohong , Zheng Liming , Dai Chun , Zhou Deng , Zhang Nian , Zhu Jixin , Xie Jinglin , Liao Fuhui , Peng Hailin , Peng Yong , Ju Jing , Lin Zifeng , Sun Junliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effects of nanoconfined water and the charge storage mechanism are crucial to achieving the ultrahigh electrochemical performance of two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes). We propose a facile method to manipulate nanoconfined water through surface chemistry modification. By introducing oxygen and nitrogen surface groups, more active sites were created for Ti3C2 MXene, and the interlayer spacing was significantly increased by accommodating three-layer nanoconfined water. Exceptionally high capacitance of 550 F g–1 (2000 F cm–3) was obtained with outstanding high-rate performance. The atomic scale elucidation of the layer-dependent properties of nanoconfined water and pseudocapacitive charge storage was deeply probed through a combination of ‘computational and experimental microscopy’. We believe that an understanding of, and a manipulation strategy for, nanoconfined water will shed light on ways to improve the electrochemical performance of MXene and other two-dimensional materials.
Forgiveness and Meaning in Life
Authors: Allais Lucy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The central aim of this chapter is to present the crucial role that forgiveness plays in one of the values most widely agreed on as central to meaning in life: relationships. The author argues that forgiveness is indispensable for relationships between flawed agents (all humans), and in particular that unconditional or gifted forgiveness can help individuals avoid the pitfalls of despair and leniency, both of which undermine growth. In addition, the author argues that through P. F. Strawson’s notion of the participant view, central to much writing on forgiveness, forgiveness provides a point of intersection between philosophical discussion of meaning in life and the meaning of life. Strawson’s participant view is an outlook from which individuals’ lives and relationships simply are recognized as meaningful, and which is not undermined by the idea that these same values do not show up in the objective view.
Introduction
Authors: Landau Iddo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Introduction notes the relation between analytic philosophical discussions of meaning in life and earlier discussions of this topic (and of topics close to it). Analytic philosophical discussions of meaning in life have proliferated only recently. The Introduction suggests some possible explanations for this phenomenon. It is suggested that the interest that existentialists and Romantics showed in meaning in life associated the topic with philosophical methodologies from which analytic philosophy wanted to distinguish itself. The prominence of meaning in life in literary works may have had a similar effect. Some analytic philosophers may have also satisfied themselves with researching well-being or the happy life, failing to see that meaning in life is a distinct topic of its own. Psychological factors may have been at work as well, as some philosophical discussions on meaning in life engage with pessimistic arguments for life’s meaninglessness that can be disconcerting. Notwithstanding such factors, the analytic philosophical discussion of meaning in life has by now become a thriving field of research. It is predicted that the field will continue to develop as many interesting topics in it are still waiting to be explored. Furthermore, future environmental and technological changes are likely to pose both great opportunities and serious threats to maintaining or enhancing meaning in life. The Introduction then moves to present a short summary of each chapter of the Handbook.
Narrativity and Meaning in Life
Authors: Strawson Galen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
What is the connection between (1) meaning in life and (2) having a ‘narrative’ attitude to life? What, for short, is the connection between (1) Meaning and (2) Narrativity? This chapter takes (1), Meaning, to be, quite simply, interestingness. It takes (2), Narrativity, to be a matter of experiencing or conceiving of one’s life as having the form of a story, or perhaps a collection of stories, and in some manner living in and through this conception. It argues, first, that much of a person’s awareness of time is not distinctively narrative in character; second, that bad lives may be as interesting as good lives; third, that Narrativity is not necessarily a good thing; and fourth, that it is neither necessary nor sufficient for Meaning, even when one restricts one’s attention to good lives.
The Relevance of Neuroscience to Meaning in Life
Authors: Thagard Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One can distinguish three answers to the question of whether neuroscience is relevant to meaning in life. Neuro-neutral: Neuroscience is irrelevant to questions about meaning in life so it can be safely ignored. Neuro-negative: Neuroscience is relevant to meaning in life only as a warning about how meaning can be distorted or destroyed by excessive attention to scientific findings about the mind. Neuro-positive: Neuroscience has findings that contribute to philosophical understanding of meaning in life and to guiding people about how to have meaningful lives. This chapter defends the neuro-positive view after critiquing the two alternatives. It shows how neuroscience helps to answer questions about the meaning of meaningfulness, the characteristics of meaningful lives, the objectivity of life’s meaning, strategies for obtaining meaning, and changes in life’s meaning that occur with aging.
Below the Sky, above the Clouds
Authors: Fresløv Joanna , Mullett Russell 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The High Country of the Australian Great Divide is a distinctive landscape that covers a large portion of southeastern Australia. After fifty years of research, we still know little about the nature and antiquity of Aboriginal archaeological sites and landscapes across the High Country. This article examines the archaeology of montane (1100–1400 m above sea level), subalpine (1400–1850 m), and alpine (&gt;1850 m) landscapes, and the interpretative frameworks employed by previous researchers. It suggests that reference to neither subsistence economies nor climate change by themselves suffices to explain Holocene occupational patterns and trends across the High Country. Rather, a consideration of Aboriginal named places and pathways, cosmologies and stories, and relations between territorial estates and kin, as documented in ethnohistoric texts and through current Aboriginal knowledge, allows for a richer, more cultural understanding of the occupation of the High Country.
The Bible and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter seeks to address the implicit and explicit implications of biblical scholarship for environmental ethics. It begins by examining the cultural world in which the biblical scholars lived as generative of a different kind of ecologically relevant ethos. An appeal to the heart and imagination is crucially important in inspiring more explicit practical demands. The Wisdom literature highlights the ambiguities in paying attention to the terrifying and yet also edifying aspects of the natural world. The biblical theme of a common home has important repercussions theologically and ethically. More explicit ethical demands flow from the agrarian tenure of the Hebrew Bible in particular, though an argument can be made for pushing beyond this to more explicit sociopolitical demands. The use of biblical resources in building up the liturgical and sacramental life of ecclesial communities in ways that are of relevance to environmental concern touches on the community dimension of environmental ethics in a way that is sometimes avoided in secular discourse. The chapter argues that the practice of ecologically relevant virtues that are addressed in biblical texts at individual, familial, and political levels contribute to a liberating faith.
Synoptic Gospels
Authors: Harris Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses ecological interpretation of the Synoptic Gospels. It is noted that, in spite of the importance of Jesus’ teaching in the Gospels for Christian ethical thought, this teaching plays a relatively low profile in ecotheology. The role of the kingdom of God in Jesus’ teaching is examined, especially its potential for ecotheology. The kingdom’s apocalyptic worldview, however, is a sticking point. Looking at some of the hermeneutical options, along with a survey of the main Synoptic texts, the chapter suggests a way forward.
Soul Mates? Conflicts and Complementarities in the Evolutionary and Cognitive Sciences of Religion
Authors: Sosis Richard , Shaver John , Purzycki Benjamin Grant , Kiper Jordan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter aims to (a) provide a brief overview of the three primary approaches to the evolutionary study of religion (evolutionary psychology, human behavioral ecology, and dual-inheritance theory), (b) examine how the evolutionary and cognitive sciences of religion differ, and (c) explore areas of potential integration between these two scientific fields of inquiry. The chapter concludes that although the evolutionary and cognitive sciences of religion could continue as quasi-independent fields, they would both benefit from theoretical and methodological integration. The systemic approach, it is suggested, offers the most promising way forward.
Scripturalism
Authors: Malley Brian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As both scholars and laypeople have suspected, the various scriptures of the world—Bible, Veda, Qur’an, Gita, and others—do indeed share something in common, but what they share has less to do with the scriptures themselves than with the roles of the scripture texts in community-making. I suggest that scripturalism is a distinctive type of tradition, a complex of interdependent beliefs and practices by which communities are able to adapt their practices to changing social environments while maintaining a strong sense of community identity. Scripturalist communities attribute ultimate authority to a named text regarded and treated as highly distinctive among the community’s other literatures. Scripture-artifacts and scripture-performances alike tend to be distinguished formally from those of other texts. The explicit, normative attribution of ultimate authority to a scripture forms a core element in the community’s self-definition. It is precisely the principle of ultimate scriptural authority that allows the imaginative adaptation of the scripture’s “meaning” to individual, factional, and community ends—the practice of scriptural authority, often misunderstood as interpretation. Scripturalism is a highly successful form of culture because it provides both continuity of community identity and a means of community change.
Gamete Donation as a Laudable Moral Mistake
Authors: Harman Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines moral reasons for and against being a gamete donor. The chapter develops the view that it is a moral mistake to be a gamete donor—that is, one should not be a gamete donor, it’s for moral reasons that one should not be a gamete donor, but it is not morally wrong to be a gamete donor—though it is also a morally wonderful thing to do. The chapter discusses the moral reasons for and against playing this crucial role in creating a future person. Ultimately, the chapter uses the developed view to draw a more general lesson about the relationship between what one should do, all things considered, and what one is morally required to do.
The Cop and the Kid in 1930s American Film
Authors: Robertson Wojcik Pamela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines some of the numerous moments in 1930s films when kids encounter the police. In films starring the Dead End Kids, Shirley Temple, Jane Withers, Jackie Cooper, kids are seen freely wandering urban streets, having encounters with adults, and frequently running into the police. Rather than treat the children as innocents who need protection from the streets, these films view kids as miscreants and troublemakers; their presence on city streets taken for granted, but not welcome. These narratives trouble traditional notions of childhood by representing children as tough, street-smart, experienced, and not tethered to family or institutional life. At the same time, they offer a different view of police, showing them as neither wholly benevolent nor as threats, but as largely ineffectual figures. Crucially, they show cops and kids as adjacent figures in the public sphere, mutually aware of each other and in frequent contact.
Reading Jason and the Argonauts as a Children’s Film
Authors: Smith Susan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In seeking to understand how the 1963 screen retelling of the Jason and the Argonauts legend works so well as a children’s film, this chapter offers a close analysis of the famous episode involving Talos, the giant man of bronze, using it as an example of renowned stop-motion animator Ray Harryhausen’s fantasy sequences. Claiming that this episode’s childlike fascination and appeal can be located in both its didactic and more subversive elements, the chapter argues that the film’s hold over a young audience may lie precisely in the tension this creates. The chapter contends that feelings of contradictoriness and rebellion can also be found in the narrative but are often overlooked in favour of the special effects, it posits that it may be through both that the film is able to speak so powerfully to childhood experience.
The American Tween and Contemporary Hollywood Cinema
Authors: Shary Timothy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The “tween” population (youth between eleven and thirteen years of age) has become an increasingly vital and distinctive demographic for American cinema, both as a target audience and as subjects for stories. This chapter chronicles the evolution of the tween in American culture through the rise of middle schools, which codified the age group in the mid-twentieth century, and reveals a subsequent correlation with the film industry’s making and marketing of movies meant to appeal to tweens. Certain concerns are evident across the films about these characters—family reunification, romantic curiosity, and influential friendships—that speak to the burgeoning interests of early adulthood for their protagonists. At the same time, those interests reveal the ongoing perceptions of the adults who make the films, indicating the delicate liminal state that early adolescence poses for everyone who lives through it.
Coming-of-Age in South Korean Cinema
Authors: Lee Sung-Ae 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Two narrative scripts are employed in the coming-of-age story in South Korean films. The well-being script depicts a protagonist who, by the close, has reached a state of contentment with life and is ready to move forward in positive ways. This type is often comedic, especially when the protagonist is male. The dysphoria script, in contrast, depicts a protagonist who struggles against abjection and at the close has failed to thrive and has no prospect of doing so. The final outcome may be suicide. Both scripts are further informed by pertinent conceptual metaphors of development or growth: coming-of-age is a journey and Coming-of-age is a plant that blossoms. A major contribution to the coming-of-age genre appears in female protagonist films in which a sudden reversal of direction near the close challenges the traditional lack of female agency and displaces dysphoria by well-being.
Hollywood, Regulation, and the “Disappearing” Children’s Film
Authors: Antunes Filipa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that crisis discourses around the Hollywood children’s film use the genre as shorthand to discuss the film industry’s broader cultural value. The chapter therefore questions the tendency to downplay the children’s film’s industrial characteristics, suggesting instead a focus on how the children’s film uniquely blends industrial and cultural concerns. The analysis explores the links between peaks of crisis rhetoric and periods of dramatic industrial transformation, particularly in the context of regulation but also in Hollywood’s relation to other entertainment industries. It specifically addresses the shift from the Production Code to the ratings system in 1968, the introduction of the PG-13 category in 1984, and the emphasis on all-ages franchises in the 2010s.
Animal Moral Psychologies
Authors: Monsó Susana , Andrews Kristin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Observations of animals engaging in apparently moral behaviour have prompted the question of whether morality is shared between humans and other animals, with little agreement on the answer. Some philosophers explicitly argue that morality is unique to humans, because moral agency requires capacities that are only demonstrated in our species. Other philosophers argue that some animals can participate in morality because they possess these capacities in a rudimentary form, or because the touted capacities are not necessary for moral participation. Empirical research programs on possible moral capacities such as fairness and empathy have seen scientists joining in these debates. We argue that the current debate suffers because discussions often fail to provide both a proper philosophical foundation about the nature of moral practices and a solid empirical ground for claims about what animals can and cannot do. In this chapter we focus on the second of these issues, and defend the claim that animals have three sets of capacities that, on some views, are taken as necessary or foundational for moral judgment and action. These are capacities of care, capacities of autonomy, and normative capacities. Care, we argue, is widely found among social animals. Autonomy and normativity are more recent topics of empirical investigation, so while there is less evidence of these capacities at this point in our developing scientific knowledge, the current data is strongly suggestive.
Personal Identity
Authors: Shoemaker David , Tobia Kevin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to articulate the state of the art in the moral psychology of personal identity. It begins by discussing the major philosophical theories of personal identity, including the Psychological View, the Biological View (animalism), and the Anthropological View (humanism). The chapter discusses shortcomings of those theories including their lack of empirical support. It then turns to recent psychological work on personal identity and the self, investigations that often illuminate person-related normative concerns. It concludes by discussing the implications of this psychological work for some contemporary philosophical theories, and suggests fruitful areas for future work on personal identity.
Prudential Psychology: Theory, Method, and Measurement
Authors: Tiberius Valerie , Haybron Daniel M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Interdisciplinary work in what we might call ‘prudential psychology’––which studies the psychology of what is good and bad for agents—has not received quite the attention that interdisciplinary work in moral psychology has had. This is understandable, but regrettable. To remedy the situation, we offer this chapter as a proposal for the future of interdisciplinary prudential psychology. The chapter has three aims. First, we introduce some of the main theories and measures in the well-being literature. Second, we argue for pluralism as an operating assumption in the field of interdisciplinary prudential psychology. Third, we turn to some case studies of what we take to be the four main avenues for fruitful interdisciplinary work.