bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sunlight and free markets: an urban political ecological perspective on social housing in Victorian London (1850–1914)
Authors: Grant Anna Christine , Njeru Jeremia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban political ecology (UPE) provides an appropriate framework to consider the ways in which natural elements and concepts of nature have been incorporated into built environments, because of its emphasis on and elaboration of the concept of socio-natures and its focus on how the costs and benefits of these natural elements are apportioned between people of different classes in cities. This article considers how reformers’ ideas about nature shaped the kinds of social housing they developed in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century London.
Who Does the Caring? Gender Disparities in COVID-19 Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Carreras Miguel , Vera Sofia , Visconti Giancarlo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDo men and women exhibit different attitudes and behaviors toward COVID-19 public health measures? Is there a gender gap in support for and compliance with government recommendations during a public health crisis? While the disproportionate effect of the pandemic on women suggests that they would oppose burdensome quarantine measures, theories of gender differences in prosocial and communion attitudes indicate that women should be more likely to conform with public health measures designed to protect the most vulnerable. We test hypotheses about a gender gap in attitudes toward public health recommendations through an original, nationally representative survey implemented in Peru, one of the countries hit hardest by the coronavirus pandemic, and the construction of a representative matched sample that allows us to make comparisons between women and men. We find that women are more likely than men to endorse lockdown measures and to support the continuation of a nationwide quarantine. We also find evidence of a gender gap in compliance with public health recommendations about avoiding crowded areas and social gatherings. Our findings have important policy implications. The results suggest that public health recommendations to fight COVID-19 should be framed in a way that maximizes compliance by both men and women.
High‐Speed Video Observations of Needles in a Positive Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Flash
Authors: Wu Bin , Lyu Weitao , Qi Qi , Ma Ying , Chen Lyuwen , Rakov Vladimir A. , Lyu Fanchao , Zhang Yang , Liu Hengyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh‐speed video data were used to analyze the initiation and propagation of 36 needles and their associated 306 flickering events observed in a single‐stroke positive cloud‐to‐ground (+CG) flash. The needles occurred during the return‐stroke later stage and the continuing current, within approximate 10 ms after the onset of the +CG return stroke. They initiated near the lateral surface of the predominantly horizontal channel and extended almost perpendicular to that channel. Flickering events are recoil type streamers (or leaders) that retrace the channels created by needles. Flickering events can be repetitive and are classified into four categories based on different scenarios of their occurrence. Needles are caused by the radial motion of negative charge from the hot core of the positive‐leader channel into the positive corona sheath surrounding the core, when the core is rapidly recharged (its radial electric field reversed) by the return‐stroke process and during the following continuing current.
Azimuthal Anisotropy Tomography of the Southeast Asia Subduction System
Authors: Hua Yuanyuan , Zhao Dapeng , Xu Yi‐Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA detailed 3‐D model of P wave isotropic velocity and azimuthal anisotropy beneath SE Asia is obtained by jointly inverting local earthquake arrival times and teleseismic relative travel‐time residuals. Our results show that the high‐velocity (high‐V) subducting Australian slab has penetrated through the mantle transition zone (MTZ) and reached a depth of ∼1,200 km beneath Sumatra, whereas the high‐V slab has subducted toward the north and trapped within the MTZ beneath Java. The Hainan mantle plume is revealed clearly as a significant low‐velocity anomaly beneath the MTZ, which extends down to the bottom of our model (∼1,600‐km depth). The upwelling of the Hainan plume is resisted by the stagnant slab in the MTZ, resulting in divergent fast‐velocity directions of azimuthal anisotropy beneath the stagnant slab. The detailed results of seismic tomography and azimuthal anisotropy provide important new information on the complex mantle structure and dynamics of the SE Asian region, in particular, the subducting slabs and the Hainan plume, as well as their interactions.
Simulating Lagrangian Subgrid‐Scale Dispersion on Neutral Surfaces in the Ocean
Authors: Reijnders Daan , Deleersnijder Eric , van Sebille Erik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo capture the effects of mesoscale turbulent eddies, coarse‐resolution Eulerian ocean models resort to tracer diffusion parameterizations. Likewise, the effect of eddy dispersion needs to be parameterized when computing Lagrangian pathways using coarse flow fields. Dispersion in Lagrangian simulations is traditionally parameterized by random walks, equivalent to diffusion in Eulerian models. Beyond random walks, there is a hierarchy of stochastic parameterizations, where stochastic perturbations are added to Lagrangian particle velocities, accelerations, or hyper‐accelerations. These parameterizations are referred to as the first, second and third order “Markov models” (Markov‐N), respectively. Most previous studies investigate these parameterizations in two‐dimensional setups, often restricted to the ocean surface. On the other hand, the few studies that investigated Lagrangian dispersion parameterizations in three dimensions, where dispersion is largely restricted to neutrally buoyant surfaces, have focused only on random walk (Markov‐0) dispersion. Here, we present a three‐dimensional isoneutral formulation of the Markov‐1 model. We also implement an anisotropic, shear‐dependent formulation of random walk dispersion, originally formulated as a Eulerian diffusion parameterization. Random walk dispersion and Markov‐1 are compared using an idealized setup as well as more realistic coarse and coarsened (50 km) ocean model output. While random walk dispersion and Markov‐1 produce similar particle distributions over time when using our ocean model output, Markov‐1 yields Lagrangian trajectories that better resemble trajectories from eddy‐resolving simulations. Markov‐1 also yields a smaller spurious dianeutral flux.
Uso de denosumab en quiste óseo aneurismático: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Baima Filho Francisco de Assis Serra 
Published: January 2022

Resumen
Introducción Los quistes óseos aneurismáticos (QOAs) son tumores benignos, localmente agresivos, y con importante potencial de recidiva, que representan aproximadamente el 1% de todos los tumores óseos. Se describen múltiples tratamientos, como: escisión intralesional, embolización arterial selectiva, inyección de agentes esclerosantes, y radiación. Estos tratamientos tienen una tasa variable de eficacia, ya que la recurrencia puede llegar al 20% y puede estar asociada a comorbidades graves como la pérda funcional de la extremidad.
Objetivo Realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre el uso de denosumab para el tratamiento de QOAs, describiendo el perfil epidemiológico, la dosis utilizada, y las complicaciones.
Método Se recopilaron artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años en la base de datos PubMed. La información recogida de los casos reportados fue la edad, el sexo, la ubicación del tumor, la realización de cirugía antes y/o después del tratamiento con denosumab, la dosis utilizada, las complicaciones, y la recurrencia.
Resultados Se analizaron 7 artículos, 4 reportes de casos y 3 series de casos, escritos en inglés, y publicados de 2014 a 2019. La mayoría de los pacientes eran del sexo femenino, con una edad promedio de 14 años, y el tumor localizado en la columna.
Conclusión El uso de denosumab en el tratamiento de QOAs ha tenido una buena respuesta, ya que tiene bajas tasas de recurrencia y complicaciones; sin embargo, hacen falta más estudios para definir el protocolo de tratamiento.
Cassava pulp can be nutritionally improved by yeast and various crude protein levels fed to cattle
Authors: Norrapoke Thitima , Pongjongmit Tanitpan , Polyorach Sineenart 
Published: January 2022

Context Dietary supplementation especially feed residues improve by yeast affected rumen fermentation. Aims The aim of the present experiment was to determine the nutritive value, fermentation efficiency and rumen ecology of yeast-fermented cassava pulp, under the use of two levels of protein in concentrate mixtures, in beef cattle. Methods Four beef cattle, 2–3 years of age, were randomly assigned to the following treatments according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design: cassava pulp fermented either with baker’s yeast or LDD 6 (Factor A), with 16% or 18% CP in concentrate (Factor B). Key results CP digestibility and blood urea nitrogen were higher in animals fed both baker’s yeast-fermented and LDD 6-fermented cassava pulp with 18% CP than in those fed baker’s yeast-fermented cassava pulp with 16% CP and LDD 6-fermented cassava pulp with 16% CP. The highest total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and butyrate (C4) concentrations were in animals fed baker’s yeast-fermented cassava pulp with 16% CP. Moreover, CH4 production was at its lowest when animals were fed with baker’s yeast-fermented cassava pulp together with a concentrate with 16% CP. Animal’s fed baker’s yeast-fermented and LDD 6-fermented cassava pulp with 18% CP had higher concentrations of purine derivatives, higher microbial nitrogen supply and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis than did those fed either baker’s yeast-fermented or LDD 6-fermented cassava pulp with 16% CP. In addition, protozoa population in animals fed baker’s yeast-fermented cassava pulp was lower than in those fed LDD 6-fermented cassava pulp, and baker’s yeast-fermented cassava pulp with 16% CP had the lowest protozoa population. However, F. succinogenes was the highest in animals fed yeast-fermented and LDD 6-fermented cassava pulp with 18% CP. Conclusions It is concluded that yeast-fermented cassava pulp can be nutritionally improved, especially when used in combination with a concentrate of 16% CP to achieve the highest level of TVFA and C3 and to reduce rumen protozoal population and CH4 production. Implications The present study suggests that feeding animals with yeast-fermented cassava pulp with a concentrate of 16% CP could improve feed quality and, hence, beef animal performance in Thailand.
No link between population isolation and speciation rate in squamate reptiles
Authors: Singhal Sonal , Colli Guarino R. , Grundler Maggie R. , Costa Gabriel C. , Prates Ivan , Rabosky Daniel L. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Speciation rate measures how quickly a species gives rise to new species, and this rate varies up to 50-fold across vertebrate groups. In this study, we explore one hypothesis that explains this variation: Species that form geographically isolated populations more readily should also form new species more readily and thus should have higher speciation rates. This hypothesis links microevolutionary studies of speciation with macroevolutionary studies of biodiversity. We test this hypothesis using a diverse set of lizard and snake species found in the South America savannahs. We find no effect of geographic population isolation on speciation rates. Our results suggest that other stages in the speciation process are more important controls on speciation rate variation.
Do metaphors make opinions?
Authors: Mohnke Margaux , Christmann Ursula , Roos Yannick , Thomale Chris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction:A frame makes specific information about a topic more salient. Metaphors can be used as frames to influence people’s opinions on controversial political topics as well as on health-related topics. This study aims to determine the influence of metaphorical frames on the opinion towards surrogacy and examines whether specific aspects of surrogacy are more prone to the influence than others.Method:236 participants were assigned to one of three groups with different metaphorical frames for surrogacy and thereafter completed the Attitude Towards Surrogacy Questionnaire. To investigate if participants’ opinions on surrogacy were influenced by the frame used for surrogacy, three ANOVAS were conducted.Result:The main effect of the ANOVAS revealed that opinion towards payment of the surrogate mothers, but not the attitude towards surrogacy in general, was influenced by the metaphorical frame used for surrogacy.Discussion:The results support the idea that a metaphorical frame can evoke reactance regarding the payment of surrogate mothers. Participants might resist the frame of the metaphorical term for surrogacy as an unemotional business act, by favouring less monetary compensation of the surrogate mother, when the metaphorical frame implies that surrogates only help intended parents for the monetary compensation.
Exploring the Case Tourism and Local Community Engagement in Costa Rica
Authors: Ward-Perkins David , Seabolt Katie 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
The case study is an example of what community-focused, sustainable tourism can look like. Costa Rica is known around the globe for its commitment to sustainable practices, and companies like Unique Adventures are a visible part of this larger sustainable model.
In this case study, students can find practices and principles that relate to ecotourism, community-based tourism (CBT) and slow tourism. These correspond to the expectations and attitudes of an increasing proportion of tourists. Consequently, there is an ever-larger number of specialist agencies and operators that cater to this market.

As introductory exercises, to become familiar with the subject, students can:

Consult the websites of small businesses (in addition to Unique Adventures) and of specialized agencies, tour operators and guides. What are they promising and proposing?

Through this online research, explore the different forms and formats of such tourism – including ecotourism, CBT and slow tourism. How can one define each? What do they have in common?
Predicting programmed death-ligand 1 expression level in non-small cell lung cancer using a combination of peritumoral and intratumoral radiomic features on computed tomography
Authors: Shiinoki Takehiro , Fujimoto Koya , Kawazoe Yusuke , Yuasa Yuki , Kajima Miki , Manabe Yuki , Ono Taiki , Hirano Tsunahiko , Matsunaga Kazuto , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the possibility of predicting expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) using radiomic features of intratumoral and peritumoral tumors on computed tomography (CT) images. We retrospectively analyzed 161 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We extracted radiomic features for intratumoral and peritumoral regions on CT images. The null importance, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator model were used to select the optimized feature subset to build the prediction models for the PD-L1 expression level. LightGBM with five-fold cross-validation was used to construct the prediction model and evaluate the receiver operating characteristics. The corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the training and testing cohorts. The proportion of ambiguously clustered pairs was calculated based on consensus clustering to evaluate the validity of the selected features. In addition, Radscore was calculated for the training and test cohorts. For expression level of PD-L1 above 1%, prediction models that included radiomic features from the intratumoral region and a combination of radiomic features from intratumoral and peritumoral regions yielded an AUC of 0.83 and 0.87 and 0.64 and 0.74 in the training and test cohorts, respectively. In contrast, the models above 50% prediction yielded an AUC of 0.80, 0.97, and 0.74, 0.83, respectively. The selected features were divided into two subgroups based on PD-L1 expression levels≥50% or≥1%. Radscore was statistically higher for subgroup one than subgroup two when radiomic features for intratumoral and peritumoral regions were combined. We constructed a predictive model for PD-L1 expression level using CT images. The model using a combination of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features had a higher accuracy than the model with only intratumoral radiomic features.
2D or Synthetic 2D? A Reader Study of Visualization of Amorphous Calcifications
Authors: Renaldo Andrew , Miller Matthew , Caley Matthew , Ganti Ramapriya , Patrie James , Rochman Carrie , Nguyen Jonathan V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Some vendors have created algorithms that generate synthetic 2D (s2D) images from a digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) dataset to reduce the radiation from obtaining a separate 2D digital mammography (DM). This study evaluated the visibility of amorphous calcifications on 2D DM versus s2D on screening mammography.

Methods
This IRB-approved, retrospective, reader study included screening mammograms from 36 women who received screening DBT exams where both 2D DM and s2D images were obtained: 28 screening mammograms that were eventually given BI-RADS category 4 or 5 for amorphous calcifications and 8 BI-RADS category 1 or 2 screening exams. Two rounds of interpretation were conducted with a six-week washout period. Cases were randomized to display either the 2D DM or s2D images, which were then alternated in the second round. Four fellowship-trained breast radiologists determined whether a study merited recall for calcifications. If so, they rated calcification visibility on a scale of 1 to 5. McNemar chi-square tests were conducted to assess differences in recall rates and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to examine shifts in visibility.

Results
There was no difference in detection rates of amorphous calcifications between 2D DM and s2D, which were 75.9% and 75.0%, respectively (P = 1.000). Collectively, amorphous calcifications were more visible on s2D than 2D DM, with mean visibility scores of 3.4 versus 3.0, respectively (P = 0.005).

Conclusion
Synthetic 2D did not change identification of amorphous calcifications compared to 2D DM, and readers considered them more visible on average.
Chronic Wound Telemedicine Models Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Patrick Jinhyung , Homsi Haya A. , Sachdeva Muskaan , Mufti Asfandyar , Sibbald R. Gary 
Published: January 2022

GENERAL PURPOSE
To present the results of a scoping review exploring chronic wound care telemedicine before and during the pandemic, including the characteristics of the models implemented.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Identify the characteristics of the studies the authors examined for their scoping review of chronic wound care telemedicine.
2. Choose the electronic methods commonly used for wound care telemedicine in the studies the authors examined.
3. Recognize the implications for the patients who participated in chronic wound care telemedicine in the studies the authors examined.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To explore different chronic wound telemedicine models and identify current research on this topic.

METHODS

The authors searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases on August 10, 2021 and identified 58 articles included in the analysis.

RESULTS

Included studies were published between 1999 and 2021, with more than half of the studies published between 2015 to 2019 (25.9%, n = 15/58) and 2020 to 2021 (25.9%, n = 15/58). There were 57 models identified, of which 87.7% (n = 50/57) used a blended model of care. Image assessment was the most common element in blended care (66.0%, n = 33/50), followed by video consultation (46.0%, n = 23/50), text (44.0%, n = 22/50), and telephone consultation (22.0%, n = 11/50). Purely virtual care was used in 12.3% (n = 7/57) of models, 85.7% (n = 6/7) of which were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most studies conducted a quantitative analysis (62.1%, n = 36/58); 20.7% (n = 12/58) conducted a qualitative analysis, and 17.2% (n = 10/58) conducted both. The most frequently assessed results were wound outcomes (53.4%, n = 31/58) and patient opinions (25.9%, n = 15/58).

CONCLUSIONS

Chronic wound care-related telemedicine has common elements: image assessment, video and telephone consultation, and text-based information that can be combined in a variety of ways with unique implementation barriers. Blended care models are more common than purely virtual alternatives. Heterogeneity among outcomes and reporting methods make the results difficult to synthesize.
Olive mill wastewater extract as a potential mosquito larvicide
Authors: Halabi Maram , Silberbush Alon , Azaizeh Hassan , Shahar Ben , Kurzbaum Eyal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe larvicidal potential of olive mill waste water (OMWW) extract against mosquito larvae was evaluated. We exposed 2nd and 4th instar Culex laticinctus (Edwards) larvae to increasing OMWW concentrations. In addition, the effects of sublethal OMWW concentrations on larval development time and adult size were tested as well. The larvicidal activity of OMWW extract showed LC50 values of 10.08 and 50.07 parts per thousand (ppt) against the 2nd and 4th instars respectively. Larvae that developed in 1 ppt OMWW solution showed sex-specific responses. Males prolonged time to pupation, while females exhibited size reduction in comparison to controls. These results show that OMWW, which is known as agricultural byproduct waste, may be reused as a biopesticide.