bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of portable negative pressure units on expelled aerosols in the operating room environment
Authors: Popovic Marko , Beathe Jonathan , Gbaje Ejiro , Sharp Marla , Memtsoudis Stavros G 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionSpontaneously breathing patients undergoing procedures under regional anesthesia can expose operating room personnel to infectious agents. The use of localized negative pressure within proximity of a patient’s airway is expected to reduce the amount of bioaerosols dispersed particularly for anesthesia staff who are frequently near the patient’s airway.MethodsIn the experiment, aerosols were produced using a polydisperse aerosol generator with nebulized saline. A portable negative pressure unit was set up at set distances of 10 cm and 30 cm with the aim of reducing aerosol particle counts detected by a laser-based particle counter.ResultsWithout the portable negative pressure unit, the median concentration of 0.5 µm aerosols detected was 3128 (1533, 22832) particles/ft3/min. With the portable negative pressure unit 10 cm and 30 cm from the site of aerosol emittance, the median concentration compared with background concentration was −0.5 (−8, 8) particles/ft3/min and 398 (89, 1749) particles/ft3/min, respectively.ConclusionsFor particle concentrations of 0.5 µm, 0.7 µm, and 1.0 µm a significant amount of aerosol reduction was observed (p<0.001). Further experiments are warranted to assess the safety of staff when encountering a potentially infectious patient in the operating room.
Pulse shape analysis in Gerda Phase II
Authors: Agostini M. , Araujo G. , Bakalyarov A. M. , Balata M. , Barabanov I. , Baudis L. , Bauer C. , Bellotti E. , Belogurov S. , Bettini A. , Bezrukov L. , Biancacci V. , Bossio E. , Bothe V. , Brudanin V. , Brugnera R. , Caldwell A. , Cattadori C. , Chernogorov A. , Comellato T. , D’Andrea V. , Demidova E. V. , Marco N. Di , Doroshkevich E. , Fischer F. , Fomina M. , Gangapshev A. , Garfagnini A. , Gooch C. , Grabmayr P. , Gurentsov V. , Gusev K. , Hakenmüller J. , Hemmer S. , Hiller R. , Hofmann W. , Huang J. , Hult M. , Inzhechik L. V. , Csáthy J. Janicskó , Jochum J. , Junker M. , Kazalov V. , Kermaïdic Y. , Khushbakht H. , Kihm T. , Kilgus K. , Kirsch A. , Kirpichnikov I. V. , Klimenko A. , Knöpfle K. T. , Kochetov O. , Kornoukhov V. N. , Krause P. , Kuzminov V. V. , Laubenstein M. , Lazzaro A. , Lindner M. , Lippi I. , Lubashevskiy A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lutter G. , Macolino C. , Majorovits B. , Maneschg W. , Manzanillas L. , Miloradovic M. , Mingazheva R. , Misiaszek M. , Müller Y. , Nemchenok I. , Panas K. , Pandola L. , Pelczar K. , Pertoldi L. , Piseri P. , Pullia A. , Ransom C. , Rauscher L. , Redchuk M. , Riboldi S. , Rumyantseva N. , Sada C. , Salamida F. , Schönert S. , Schreiner J. , Schütt M. , Schütz A. -K. , Schulz O. , Schwarz M. , Schwingenheuer B. , Selivanenko O. , Shevchik E. , Shirchenko M. , Shtembari L. , Simgen H. , Smolnikov A. , Stukov D. , Vasenko A. A. , Veresnikova A. , Vignoli C. , Sturm K. von , Wagner V. , Wester T. , Wiesinger C. , Wojcik M. , Yanovich E. , Zatschler B. , Zhitnikov I. , Zhukov S. V. , Zinatulina D. , Zschocke A. , Zsigmond A. J. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G. ,   GERDA collaboration
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double-$$\beta $$
β
decay in $$^{76}$$

76

Ge using isotopically enriched high purity germanium detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN. After Phase I (2011–2013), the experiment benefited from several upgrades, including an additional active veto based on LAr instrumentation and a significant increase of mass by point-contact germanium detectors that improved the half-life sensitivity of Phase II (2015–2019) by an order of magnitude. At the core of the background mitigation strategy, the analysis of the time profile of individual pulses provides a powerful topological discrimination of signal-like and background-like events. Data from regular $$^{228}$$

228

Th calibrations and physics data were both considered in the evaluation of the pulse shape discrimination performance. In this work, we describe the various methods applied to the data collected in Gerda Phase II corresponding to an exposure of 103.7 kg year. These methods suppress the background by a factor of about 5 in the region of interest around $$Q_{\beta \beta }= 2039$$

Q

β
β

=
2039

keV, while preserving $$(81\pm 3)$$

(
81
±
3
)

% of the signal. In addition, an exhaustive list of parameters is provided which were used in the final data analysis.
Expansion of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia with Copy Number Aberrations Contributes to Field Cancerization
Authors: Kumagai Ken , Shimizu Takahiro , Takai Atsushi , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Hirano Tomonori , Takeda Haruhiko , Mizuguchi Aya , Teramura Mari , Ito Takahiko , Iguchi Eriko , Nikaido Mitsuhiro , Eso Yuji , Takahashi Ken , Ueda Yoshihide , Miyamoto Shin'ichi , Obama Kazutaka , Ogawa Seishi , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a risk factor for gastric cancer following infection with Helicobacter pylori. To explore the susceptibility of pure gastric IM to cancer development, we investigated genetic alterations in single IM gastric glands. We isolated 50 single IM or non-IM glands from the inflamed gastric mucosa of 11 patients with intramucosal gastric carcinoma (IGC) and 4 patients without IGC; 19 single glands in the noninflamed gastric mucosa of 11 individuals from our cohort and previous dataset were also included as controls. Whole-exome sequencing of single glands revealed significantly higher accumulation of somatic mutations in various genes within IM glands compared with non-IM glands. Clonal ordering analysis showed that IM glands expanded to form clusters with shared mutations. In addition, targeted-capture deep sequencing and copy number (CN) analyses were performed in 96 clustered IM or non-IM gastric glands from 26 patients with IGC. CN analyses were also performed on 41 IGC samples and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach Adenocarcinoma datasets. These analyses revealed that polyclonally expanded IM commonly acquired CN aberrations (CNA), including amplification of chromosomes 8, 20, and 2. A large portion of clustered IM glands typically consisted of common CNAs rather than other cancer-related mutations. Moreover, the CNA patterns of clustered IM glands were similar to those of IGC, indicative of precancerous conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in the gastric mucosa inflamed with H. pylori infection, IM glands expand via acquisition of CNAs comparable with those of IGC, contributing to field cancerization.

Significance:
This study contributes to our understanding of gastric intestinal metaplasia as a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma via their multifocal expansion and acquisition of CNAs and somatic mutations.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Plasticity in Tumor Immune Evasion
Authors: Mullins Riley D.Z. , Pal Ananya , Barrett Thomas F. , Heft Neal Molly E. , Puram Sidharth V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process that occurs during embryogenesis and tissue repair. However, EMT can be hijacked by malignant cells, where it may promote immune evasion and metastasis. Classically considered a dichotomous transition, EMT in cancer has recently been considered a plastic process whereby malignant cells display and interconvert among hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) states. Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and associated hybrid E/M states are divergent from classical EMT, with unique immunomodulatory effects. Here, we review recent insights into the EMP-immune cross-talk, highlighting possible mechanisms of immune evasion conferred by hybrid E/M states and roles of immune cells in EMP.
Identification and Management of Pathogenic Variants inBRCA1,BRCA2, andPALB2in a Tumor-Only Genomic Testing Program
Authors: Bychkovsky Brittany L. , Li Tianyu , Sotelo Jilliane , Tayob Nabihah , Mercado Joanna , Gomy Israel , Chittenden Anu , Kane Sarah , Stokes Samantha , Hughes Melissa E. , Kim Ji Seok , Umeton Renato , Awad Mark M. , Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Wolpin Brian M. , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Newmark Randall E. , Johnson Bruce E. , Lindeman Neal I. , MacConaill Laura E. , Garber Judy E. , Lin Nancy U. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurpose:Tumor-only genomic testing can uncover somatic and germline pathogenic variants [pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP)] in cancer predisposition genes. We describe the prevalence of P/LPs in BRCA1/2 and PALB2 (B1B2P2) across malignancies and the frequency of clinical germline testing (CGT) in patients with P/LPs in B1B2P2 identified on tumor-only testing.Experimental Design:Among 7,575 patients with cancer tested between 2016 and 2018 with the OncoPanel tumor-only sequencing assay, we characterized P/LP frequencies by tumor type, receipt of CGT prior to or within 12 months after OncoPanel, and factors associated with CGT.Results:272 (3.6%) patients had OncoPanel-detected P/LPs in B1B2P2: 37.5% of P/LPs were in BRCA-related cancers; the remainder were in non-BRCA tumors. P/LPs were detected in ≥5% of breast, pancreatic, prostate, ovarian, nonmelanoma skin, endometrial, small cell lung, and colorectal cancers. 37.9% of patients with P/LPs received CGT prior to OncoPanel; an additional 10.7% underwent CGT within 12 months of OncoPanel. Among 132 with CGT, 88.6% had ≥1 clinical factor for CGT compared with 47.1% who did not undergo CGT. Patients with BRCA tumors were more likely to have CGT compared with those without (81.4% vs. 29.0%, P &lt; 0.0001). Among patients with CGT, 70.5% (93/132) of P/LPs were germline.Conclusions:Tumor-only genomic testing identified P/LPs in B1B2P2 in 3.6% of patients. 52.9% of patients with tumor-detected P/LPs and without CGT did not meet personal or family history criteria for CGT. In addition, some patients with tumor-detected P/LPs were not referred for CGT, especially those with non-BRCA tumors. Given implications for treatment selection and familial cancer risk, processes to reliably trigger CGT from tumor-genomic findings are needed.
Prediction of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke Using Registry Data and Machine Learning Methods: The Erlangen Stroke Registry
Authors: Vodencarevic Asmir , Weingärtner Michael , Caro J. Jaime , Ukalovic Dubravka , Zimmermann-Rittereiser Marcus , Schwab Stefan , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter 
Published: April 2022

Background:
There have been multiple efforts toward individual prediction of recurrent strokes based on structured clinical and imaging data using machine learning algorithms. Some of these efforts resulted in relatively accurate prediction models. However, acquiring clinical and imaging data is typically possible at provider sites only and is associated with additional costs. Therefore, we developed recurrent stroke prediction models based solely on data easily obtained from the patient at home.

Methods:
Data from 384 patients with ischemic stroke were obtained from the Erlangen Stroke Registry. Patients were followed at 3 and 12 months after first stroke and then annually, for about 2 years on average. Multiple machine learning algorithms were applied to train predictive models for estimating individual risk of recurrent stroke within 1 year. Double nested cross-validation was utilized for conservative performance estimation and models’ learning capabilities were assessed by learning curves. Predicted probabilities were calibrated, and relative variable importance was assessed using explainable artificial intelligence techniques.

Results:
The best model achieved the area under the curve of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64–0.76) and relatively good probability calibration. The most predictive factors included patient’s family and housing circumstances, rehabilitative measures, age, high calorie diet, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy, number of family doctor’s home visits, and patient’s mental state.

Conclusions:
Developing fairly accurate models for individual risk prediction of recurrent ischemic stroke within 1 year solely based on registry data is feasible. Such models could be applied in a home setting to provide an initial risk assessment and identify high-risk patients early.
Consilience in Urban Design (?): The Conceptual Convergence of Strange Bedfellows
Authors: Arefi Mahyar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article unfolds how the predominant binary view towards urban design offers an alternative tripartite interpretation. This less orthodox but more realistic probing of the field's methods of praxis (hybridity, spontaneity, and continuity) “dissolves” its dominant formal-informal binary categorizations. Hybridity represents the synergistic city-nature relationship based on visually persuasive methods of design by mimicking natural processes. Spontaneity captures how local creative impromptu small-scale DIY design intervention efforts fill possible gaps in formal top-down urban design projects. Continuity highlights the complementary (rather than polarized) relationship between formal and informal urbanism.
Fostering Natural World Engagements: Design Lessons and Issues from the My Naturewatch Training Program
Authors: Phillips Robert , Abbas-Nazari Amina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nature's welfare is intertwined with humankinds' welfare, requiring mass citizen-led action. According to wildlife advocate David Attenborough, “we share responsibility for the future of life on earth, [we all have] the power to change.” To this end, the My Naturewatch project (MNW) follows research-through-design approaches: It deploys do-it-yourself (DIY) devices to support new methods of engagement between nature, technology, and humans. The MNW cameras help participants to capture images of their “back garden” wildlife. Through the MNW project, we (the authors) position cameras as agents, enabling “designed engagement(s)” that engender agency, serendipity, and impact.
This article recounts a training scheme used in the MNW project to provide nature organizations with methods to foster public engagement through DIY, accessible digital technologies. The scheme encourages appropriation that suits contextual, environmental, and organizational requirements. The authors unpack the experiences and issues realized (through practice) by 14 nationally acclaimed wildlife and conservation organizations, independently running workshops using the MNW project tools. Our findings report the issues and opportunities of designed community engagements for practitioners engaged with defining more sustainable practices.
He Zhen and the Decolonialization of Feminism
Authors: Rošker Jana S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Culturally conditioned differences between women must be seen and theorized about in order to avoid essentialist generalizations about “women’s issues.” In this context, the idea of a universal patriarchal order is questioned, as is the idea of a general, universally equivalent type of feminism. Through analysis of the political philosophy of He Zhen (1884–circa 1920), this paper aims to present a Chinese alternative to liberal feminism based on the assumption that the Western feminist movement might not be a suitable means of abolishing women’s oppression in China, because it is culturally conditioned and rooted in the particulars of Western social history.
The Criminal Law Regulation of Surrogacy Accessory Crime
Authors: Zhai Yidan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the continuous improvement of artificial reproduction technology, in vitro fertilization (IVF) or embryo transfer technology has developed rapidly. At the same time, the proportion of crimes related to surrogacy is also increasing. Surrogacy has different problems in judicial practice, laws and regulations, and theory. Specifically, it can be subdivided into: due to the lack of surrogacy regulation in current laws and regulations, there are related problems centered on surrogacy behavior. On the one hand, it often encounters bottlenecks due to the lack of legal support in judicial practice; On the other hand, at the theoretical level, because surrogacy involves the exclusive rights of life, such as physical rights and reproductive rights, this practical issue is controversial and has mixed opinions, which leads to the fault phenomenon in the application of this issue at the judicial level. Based on this situation, this paper starts from the practical level, enumerates the typical cases involving criminal acts in the process of surrogacy, and regulates them with the existing criminal law norms. Secondly, refine the characteristics and elements of surrogacy behavior in the above-mentioned practical level, think about this phenomenon, and redefine the concept of surrogacy based on the current social environment. Finally, on the basis of the above concept of surrogacy, return to the level of criminal law, take the dichotomy of surrogacy regulation as the guidance, and take the surrogacy institution as the main body of crime. It jointly explores the way to solve the black industrial chain of surrogacy.
Analysis on Risk Avoidance Behaviors and Influential Factors of Epidemic Disease among Pig Farmers
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Zi-Gang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The initial outbreak, high mortality and wide range of influence of African swine fever in China have an impact on the stable development of China’s pig market price and industry. Choosing the correct risk aversion behavior of pig farmers is the only way to promote the development of modern pig breeding industry and protect people’s livelihood. Studying the epidemic risk aversion behavior of pig farmers and its influencing factors is conducive to enhance the ability of farmers to resist risks and improve the efficiency and production level of pig breeding. Taking pig farmers in three northeastern provinces as the survey object, this paper analyzes the willingness of pig farmers to take epidemic prevention and control measures by using multivariate ordered logistic and multiple logistic models, and discusses the main factors affecting the epidemic risk avoidance behavior of pig farmers. The study found that factors such as pig breeding scale, understanding of pig insurance and epidemic prevention and control knowledge, risk preference and so on can significantly affect the willingness of pig farmers to take epidemic prevention and control measures. Education, specialization and breeding prospect judgment can significantly affect the choice of epidemic risk aversion behavior of pig farmers.
Looking Behind the Blue Cards: Understanding Contested Ethical Approaches in the Ecumenical Space
Authors: Franklin-Ross Tony 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article has been generated from observations to do with public theology being exercised in an ecumenical space: that context was the World Council of Churches Assembly in 2013. Some participants sought to create an inclusive safe space for conversation on LGBTQI+ exclusion; they wished to voice the concerns, hurts, gifts and joys of living in the hyphenated queer-Christian experience. When the topic of human sexuality arose in business sessions, Orthodox Church representatives raised ‘blue cards’ which indicated their dissent. Looking behind the ‘blue cards’ there is a mismatch of Orthodox approaches to understanding liberation theology as the basis of those seeking to engage a public theology response to sexuality in the WCC ecumenical space.
Power Dynamics and Negotiation Behaviors: How Perception of Power Balance Affects Negotiation Strategy
Authors: Fang Jessica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study examines how power impacts parties’ negotiation behaviors. We propose a new conceptualization of power. Since power is largely a matter of perception, and symmetry lies in the eye of the beholder, the parties’ perceptions of power balance, be it symmetry or asymmetry, is highlighted. We relate perception of power balance to negotiation strategies, hypothesizing that in the case of perceived power symmetry, parties’ negotiation behaviors tend to be more competitive and combative, whereas in the case of perceived power asymmetry, the negotiation behaviors are likely to be more cooperative. To test this proposition, a comparative case study is presented.
Determinants of Market Orientation and Market Participation among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Tanzania
Authors: Mpombo Lucy , Chegere Martin J. , Osoro Otieno 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study aims to examine the factors that affect smallholder rice farmers’ market orientation tendencies, market participation decision and the extent of rice marketing. A total sample of 352 rice farming households is drawn from the National Panel Survey Data of 2014/2015. A tobit model is used to analyse the factors that influence market orientation tendencies, then a double hurdle model is used to analyze the drivers of the choice and extent of rice marketing by the smallholder rice farmer. Findings reveal that the age of the household head, education level and receiving input vouchers negatively affect market orientation while access to marketing extension services, inorganic fertilizers application, use of animal traction, use of hired-labor, land fragmentation and household wealth positively influence market orientation inclinations among smallholder farmers. Moreover, the quantity harvested and household wealth were found to positively influence both decision and extent of market participation. The age of the head, household size and access to extension services influenced the decision to participate in marketing while distance to the nearest market and market orientation influenced the extent of market participation among smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania. Widening extension services and improving infrastructure supporting marketing are called for.
Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Context of Electronic Learning in Educational Institutions
Authors: AbdulSadek Mohamed Sami , Al-Tourah Anas Faisal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In providing Electronic learning (hereinafter “E-learning”), educational institutions often deal with Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter “ipr”) regulations, particularly copyright. The interaction between the E-learning and the ipr occurs in one of three possible scenarios:

1.
The case where the educational institution owns an E-learning system. This takes place either when the institution develops the system internally, or by purchasing or licensing the ipr of an already developed system.

2.
Educational institutions legitimately use protected works for educational purposes, such as illustration, criticism or analysis and are thus not required to obtain permission from the developers for such purposes, as per the laws and regulations of ipr.

3.
Educational institutions infringe ipr by copying or using protected systems and making them available to students despite the first and second options.

This paper attempts to clarify the differences between these three methods and enlighten those involved in the management of educational institutions about what is lawful and what is not, when developing or using E-learning systems.