bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Orthodontic Tooth Movement by Nitric Oxide Releasing Nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Crawford Derrick , Lau Tommy C. , Frost Megan C. , Hatch Nan E. 
Published: April 2022

Orthodontic treatment commonly requires the need to prevent movement of some teeth while maximizing movement of other teeth. This study aimed to investigate the influence of locally injected nitric oxide (NO) releasing nanoparticles on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Materials and Methods: Experimental tooth movement was achieved with nickel-titanium alloy springs ligated between the maxillary first molar and ipsilateral incisor. 2.2 mg/kg of silica nanoparticles containing S-nitrosothiol groups were injected into the mucosa just mesial to 1st molar teeth immediately prior to orthodontic appliance activation. NO release from nanoparticles was measured in vitro by chemiluminescence. Tooth movement was measured using polyvinyl siloxane impressions. Bones were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. Local tissue was assessed by histomorphometry. Results: Nanoparticles released a burst of NO within the first hours at approximately 10 ppb/mg particles that diminished by 10 × to approximately 1 ppb/mg particles over the next 1–4 days, and then diminished again by tenfold from day 4 to day 7, at which point it was no longer measurable. Molar but not incisor tooth movement was inhibited over 50% by injection of the NO releasing nanoparticles. Inhibition of molar tooth movement occurred only during active NO release from nanoparticles, which lasted for approximately 1 week. Molar tooth movement returned to control levels of tooth movement after end of NO release. Alveolar and long bones were not impacted by injection of the NO releasing nanoparticles, and serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were not increased in animals that received the NO releasing nanoparticles. Root resorption was decreased and periodontal blood vessel numbers were increased in animals with appliances that were injected with the NO releasing nanoparticles as compared to animals with appliances that did not receive injections with the nanoparticles. Conclusion: Nitric oxide (NO) release from S-nitrosothiol containing nanoparticles inhibits movement of teeth adjacent to the site of nanoparticle injection for 1 week. Additional studies are needed to establish biologic mechanisms, optimize efficacy and increase longevity of this orthodontic anchorage effect.
Construction of Molybdenum Disulfide/Biological Structure Carbon Composite Photocatalysts and Their Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Shujing , Ding Jiajing , Wang Chencheng , Li Wanfei , Chen Zhigang , Liu Chengbao , Chen Feng 
Published: April 2022

The hydrothermal calcination method using bamboo leaves as the biological template, thiourea as the sulfur source, and molybdenum chloride as the molybdenum source was employed to synthesize the molybdenum disulfide/biological structure carbon (MoS2/C) photocatalytic composites with different concentrations of molybdenum chloride. The thermal decomposition behavior, surface morphology, phase structure, BET specific surface area, optical and photoluminescence properties, and photocatalytic activity of MoS2/C photocatalytic composites with different concentrations of molybdenum chloride were studied. The results showed that the optimal temperature for synthesizing MoS2/C photocatalytic composites is 700°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that the hydrothermal calcination method can be used to load MoS2 onto the biological carbon and form a structurally stable composite system. Analysis of optical and photoluminescence properties shows that the MoS2/C composites prepared by the hydrothermal calcination method with the concentration of molybdenum chloride of 0.20 mol/L exhibit a high charge transfer and separation efficiency. Photocatalytic experiments show that the MoS2/C composites prepared by the hydrothermal calcination method with the concentration of molybdenum chloride of 0.20 mol/L have a high photocatalytic activity and cyclic stability. This excellent synthesis strategy can be used to synthesize other photocatalytic hydrogen production materials.
A Novel Strategy for Predicting 72-h Mortality After Admission in Patients With Polytrauma: A Study on the Development and Validation of a Web-Based Calculator
Authors: Chen Song , Liu Meiyun , Feng Di , Lv Xin , Wei Juan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEarly and accessible screening of patients with polytrauma at a high risk of hospital death is essential. The purpose of this research was to seek an accurate and convenient solution to predict deaths occurring within 72 h after admission of these patients.MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted on 3,075 patients with polytrauma from the Dryad database. We imputed missing values in eligible individuals with the k-nearest neighbor algorithm and then randomly stratified them into the training group (n = 2,461) and the validation group (n = 614) based on a proportion of 8:2. The restricted cubic spline, univariate, backward stepwise, and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed to determine the suitable predictors. Calibration and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to assess the calibration and discrimination of the obtained model. The decision curve analysis was then chosen as the measure to examine the clinical usage.ResultsAge, the Glasgow Coma Scale score, the Injury Severity Score, base excess, and the initial lactate level were inferred as independent prognostic factors related to mortality. These factors were then integrated and applied to construct a model. The performance of calibration plots, ROC curves, and decision curve analysis indicated that the model had satisfactory predictive power for 72-h mortality after admission of patients with polytrauma. Moreover, we developed a nomogram for visualization and a web-based calculator for convenient application (https://songandwen.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/).ConclusionsA convenient web-based calculator was constructed to robustly estimate the risk of death in patients with polytrauma within 72 h after admission, which may aid in further rationalization of clinical decision-making and accurate individual treatment.
Age, Sex, and Profession Difference Among Health Care Workers With Burnout and Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwan Tertiary Hospital—A Cross-Section Study
Authors: Tsai Huel-Ju , Tsou Meng-Ting 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThis cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between burnout, work-related factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among various health-care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Taiwan.MethodsRelevant demographic data were obtained through written questionnaires. Information about psychosocial and work conditions, including assigned department, working hours, shifts, and sleep condition, was obtained. Burnout was evaluated according to the Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory–Health Services Survey. MetS was analyzed according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program of Taiwan–Treatment Panel for Adults III.ResultsA total of 1,055 non-doctor/nurse and 2,078 doctor/nurse staff with a median age of 45.2 and 36.1 years participated in this study. The incidence of burnout was nearly 6.42 and 6.68% and that of MetS was 31.4 and 13.5% in non-doctor/nurse and doctor/nurse staff, respectively. The results showed that burnout induced a higher Odds ratio (OR) of MetS in the doctor/nurse group (OR = 1.96, p = 0.01). Other factors, such as night shift and seniority (&gt;10 years), led to a higher OR of MetS, but a decreased risk was observed based on seniority (2–4 years). Further, young female participants and young doctors/nurses with burnout had a higher OR of MetS compare to other groups (OR = 2.43 and 2.32, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe study results suggested positive relationship between burnout and MetS in young female staffs and young doctors/nurses. For doctor/nurse staff with higher seniority or more night shifts, strategies are needed to prevent burnout and MetS.
Music Modulates Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Human Fetuses
Authors: Massimello Francesca , Billeci Lucia , Canu Alessio , Montt-Guevara Maria Magdalena , Impastato Gaia , Varanini Maurizio , Giannini Andrea , Simoncini Tommaso , Mannella Paolo 
Published: April 2022

ContextFetal Autonomic Nervous sysTem Evaluation (FANTE) is a non-invasive tool that evaluates the autonomic nervous system activity in a fetus. Autonomic nervous system maturation and development during prenatal life are pivotal for the survival and neuropsychiatric development of the baby.ObjectiveAim of the study is to evaluate the effect of music stimulation on fetal heart rate and specific parameters linked to ANS activity, in particular fetal heart rate variability.MethodsThirty-two women between the 32nd and 38th week with a singleton uncomplicated pregnancy were recruited. All FANTE data collections were acquired using a 10-derivation electrocardiograph placed on the maternal abdomen. In each session (5 min basal, 10 min with music stimulus, and 5 min post-stimulus), FANTE was registered. The music stimulus was “Clair de lune” Debussy, played through headphones on the mother’s abdomen (CTR: 31927).ResultsMusic does not change the mean value of fetal heart rate. However, indices of total fetal heart rate variability statistically increase (RRsd p = 0.037, ANNsd p = 0.039, SD2 p = 0.019) during music stimulation in comparison to the basal phase. Heart rate variability increase depends mainly on the activation of parasympathetic branches (CVI p = 0.013), meanwhile, no significant changes from basal to stimulation phase were observed for indices of sympathetic activity. All the parameters of heart rate variability and parasympathetic activity remained activated in the post-stimulus phase compared to the stimulus phase. In the post-stimulus phase, sympathetic activity resulted in a significant reduction (LFn p = 0.037).ConclusionMusic can influence the basal activity of the fetal autonomic nervous system, enhancing heart rate variability, without changing fetal heart rate mean value. Music is enabled to induce a relaxation state in a near-to-term fetus, mediated by parasympathetic activation and by a parallel sympathetic inhibition.
Effect of First Trough Vancomycin Concentration on the Occurrence of AKI in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Study of the MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Li Longzhu , Zhang Luming , Li Shaojin , Xu Fengshuo , Li Li , Li Shuna , Lyu Jun , Yin Haiyan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundVancomycin can effectively inhibit Gram-positive cocci and is widely used in critically ill patients. This study utilized a large public database to explore the effect of patients' first vancomycin trough concentration (FVTC) on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality after receiving vancomycin treatment in intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsCritically ill patients who used vancomycin in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) IV have been retrospectively studied. The outcomes included the occurrence of AKI during the use of vancomycin or within 72 h of withdrawal, ICU mortality and hospital mortality. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze the linear relationship between FVTC and the outcomes. Multivariate logistic/Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the association between patient's FVTC and the occurrence of AKI, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe study ultimately included 3,917 patients from the MIMIC-IV database who had been treated with vancomycin for more than 48 h. First of all, the RCS proved the linear relationship between FVTC and the outcomes. After controlling for all covariates as confounders in logistic/Cox regression, FVTC was a risk factor with the occurrence of AKI (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04), ICU mortality (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03), and in-hospital mortality (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03). Moreover, patients were divided into four groups in the light of the FVTC value: group1 ≤ 10 mg/L, 10 &lt;group 2 ≤ 15 mg/L, 15 &lt;group 3 ≤ 20 mg/L, group4 &gt; 20 mg/L. Categorical variables indicated that group 3 and group 4 had a significant relationship on the occurrence of AKI [group 3: (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02–1.81); group 4: (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.32–2.35)] and ICU mortality [group 3: (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03–2.09); group 4: (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.33–2.62)], compared to group 1, while group 4 had a significant effect on in-hospital mortality (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.15–1.91).ConclusionsFVTC is associated with the occurrence of AKI and increased ICU and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients. Therefore, in clinical practice, patients in intensive care settings receiving vancomycin should be closely monitored for FVTC to prevent drug-related nephrotoxicity and reduce patient mortality.
Carotid Endarterectomy for the Treatment of Carotid Near-Occlusion With Recurrent Symptoms
Authors: Zhang Jianbin , Chen Jie , Xu Xiaojie , Sun Mingsheng , Chen Shu , Liu Peng , Ye Zhidong 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveReport our preliminary experience of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the treatment of carotid near-occlusion (CNO) with recurrent symptoms.Materials and MethodsRetrospectively analyze the demographics, treatment detail, and outcomes data of 122 patients with CNO from 2014 to 2020. According to whether distal full collapse exists, patients were classified into the full collapse group and the non-full collapse group. The incidence of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and other variables were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 122 patients with CNO and recurrent symptoms were enrolled. The demographics were comparable between the two groups. Thirty-day incidence of primary endpoints was 1.85% in the full collapse group and 4.41% in the non-full collapse group. Twelve-month incidence of primary endpoints was 7.41% in the full collapse group and 4.41% in the non-full collapse group. One re-stenosis occurred in the non-full collapse group 8 months after CEA.ConclusionFor patients with CNO with recurrent symptoms, CEA is not worse than the results described in historical control groups, despite whether distal full collapse exists. The shunt is important to avoid intraoperative hypoperfusion and postoperative hyperperfusion. The long-term results should be further evaluated.
Risk Factors of Impaired Perfusion in Patients With Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Steno-Occlusive Disease
Authors: Qiao Xinxin , Duan Jinfeng , Zhang Nan , Duan Yang , Wang Xinrui , Pei Yusong , Xu Zhihua , Yang Benqiang , Qi Miao , Li Jinze 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo quantitatively evaluate the impaired perfusion status of patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) steno-occlusive disease and to explore the risk factors of impaired perfusion with computed tomography perfusion (CTP).MethodsThe clinical and imaging data of 187 patients with ICA steno-occlusive disease were retrospectively analyzed. The ICA stenosis rate was divided into Grades I–IV (70–79%; 80–89%; 90–99%; 100%), and the circle of Willis was classified as four types (types I–IV). According to the literature, the value of cerebral blood flow/cerebral blood volume (CBF/CBV) of 7.55/min was used as cut-off to predict symptomatic patients. All patients were categorized into two groups: those with impaired perfusion [n = 99 (52.9%)] and those without impaired perfusion [n = 88 (47.1%)]. Symmetrical bilateral internal watershed areas were selected as the regions of interest (ROIs). Statistical analysis was made on the status of impaired perfusion and the risk factors of impaired perfusion.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), types of the circle of Willis, and clinical features at admission differed between the two groups (patients with or without impaired perfusion) (p &lt; 0.05). Multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that MAP [odds ratio (OR) = 0.946, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 0.917–0.974, p &lt; 0.001] and type IV (type I vs. IV: OR = 4.987, 95% CI = 1.955–12.723, p = 0.001) at admission were independently associated with impaired perfusion in the internal watershed areas.ConclusionMAP and the type of circle of Willis at admission are independent risk factors associated with the impaired perfusion in patients with ICA steno-occlusive disease.
The Role of the Negative Regulation of Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Improving Emotional Behavior After Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Hua , Liu Xueyan , Zhao Yajuan , Zhang Junmei 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveStudies have long shown that uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the brain play a key role in epilepsy pathogenesis. Microglias play an important role in epileptic-induced neuroinflammation, but their role after epileptic seizures is still poorly understood. Alleviating epilepsy and its comorbidities has become a key area of interest for pediatricians.MethodsA pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, epilepsy group, TLR4 inhibitor group (epilepsy+TAK-242), and NF-κB antagonist group (epilepsy+BAY11–7082).Results1. The results of TUNEL staining showed that the expression in rats in the epilepsy group was the most obvious and was significantly different from that in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. 2. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was highest in rats in the epilepsy group and was significantly different from that in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. 3. The fluorescence intensity and number of IBA-1-positive cells in rats in the epilepsy group were highest and significantly different from those in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. Western blot analysis of IBA-1 showed that the expression in rats in the epilepsy group was the highest and was statistically significant. 4. CD68 was the highest in rats in the epilepsy group and was statistically significant. 5. In the open-field experiment, the central region residence time of rats in the EP group was delayed, the central region movement distance traveled was prolonged, the total distance traveled was prolonged, and the average speed was increased. Compared with rats in the EP group, rats in the EP+BAY and EP+ TAK groups exhibited improvements to different degrees.ConclusionAt the tissue level, downregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in epilepsy could inhibit microglial activation and the expression of the inflammatory factor CD68, could inhibit hyperphagocytosis, and inhibit the occurrence and exacerbation of epilepsy, thus improving cognitive and emotional disorders after epileptic seizures.
Genetic Evidence Supporting the Causal Role of Homocysteine in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiong Yang , Zhang Yangchang , Zhang Fuxun , Wu Changjing , Luo Peiyi , Qin Feng , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe causal relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study was performed to estimate the potential causal effects of Hcy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one standard deviation (SD) Hcy increase were identified using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of the eGFR and CKD were from the CKDGen project in the European ancestry and the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) project in the non-European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used in this study to verify the causal effects among Hcy, eGFR, and CKD.ResultsThe results showed that 1-SD Hcy increase was causally associated with eGFR decline in the CKDGen project (β = −0.027 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p &lt; 0.01 for the overall cohort; β = −0.028 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p &lt; 0.01 after excluding the patients with diabetes). In addition, 1-SD Hcy increase was associated with a 1.32-fold risk of CKD in the PAGE project (95% CI = 1.06–1.64, p &lt; 0.05). The association was directionally similar in the CKDGen project [odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.97–1.44, p = 0.098]. The pooled OR of CKD was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.07–1.44, p &lt; 0.05) per 1-SD Hcy increase.ConclusionUsing genetic data, Hcy increase is causally associated with renal function injury and further CKD.
A Deep Learning Model for the Automatic Recognition of Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Bone Marrow Smear
Authors: Wang Meifang , Dong Chunxia , Gao Yan , Li Jianlan , Han Mengru , Wang Lijun 
Published: April 2022

AimBone marrow biopsy is essential and necessary for the diagnosis of patients with aplastic anemia (AA), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) model that automatically distinguished AA, MDS, and AML based on bone marrow smears has not been reported.MethodsImage-net pretrained model of CNN was used to construct the recognition model. Data extracted from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Image Bank were utilized to develop the model and data extracted from the clinic were used for external validation. The model had two output layers: whether the patient was MDS (two-classification) and which of AA, MDS, and AML the patient was (three-classification). Different outcome weights (two-classification/three-classification = 5:5, 2:8, 1:9) and epochs (30, 50, 200) were used to select the optimal model. The model performance was evaluated by the Accuracy-Loss curves and calculating the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsA total of 115 bone marrow smears from the ASH Image Bank and 432 bone marrow smears from the clinic were included in this study. The results of Accuracy-Loss curves showed that the best model training effect was observed in the model with the outcome weight and epoch of 1:9 and 200. Similarly, this model also performed well performances in the two-classification of MDS and the three-classification of AA, MDS, AML. The AUC, accuracy and sensitivity of the MDS two-classification model in the testing set were 0.985 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.979-0.991], 0.914 (95%CI, 0.895-0.934), and 0.992 (95%CI, 0.980-1.000), respectively. The AUC, accuracy and sensitivity of the AA, MDS, AML three-classification model in the testing set were 0.968 (95%CI, 0.960-0.976), 0.929 (95%CI, 0.916-0.941), and 0.857 (95%CI, 0.828-0.886), respectively.ConclusionThe image-net pretrained model was able to obtain high accuracy AA, MDS, AML distinction, and may provide clinicians with a convenient tool to distinguish AA, MDS, and AML.