bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of photosynthetic and related traits in maize and other summer crops in a temperate humid area
Authors: Álvarez-Iglesias Lorena , Vales María I. , De Ron Antonio M. , Rodiño Ana P. , Tejada-Hinojoza Juan L. , Taboada Alfredo , Revilla Pedro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotosynthetic rate and water use efficiency (WUE) are crucial for the sustainable use of water in agriculture. Our objective was to analyze the variability of photosynthetic and related traits in maize (Zea mays L.) and other summer crops in a temperate humid area. We evaluated photosynthetic parameters in maize for three years and compared them to pigeonpea and chickpea, adapted to arid environments, and pepper, tomato and common bean, as irrigated crops. Variability was significant in maize for most photosynthetic parameters and no consistent patterns of variability were found among genotypes. Compared to other crops, maize (C4 crop) had the highest CO2 assimilation and WUE, and the lowest stomatal conductance, substomatal CO2 concentration, and transpiration. CO2 assimilation was lowest for chickpea, stomatal conductance was highest for pigeonpea, substomatal CO2 concentration was highest for tomato and pigeonpea, transpiration was highest for pigeonpea, and WUE was lowest for pigeonpea. Chickpea lacked variability for photosynthetic traits, while pigeonpea has the largest potential for improving photosynthetic traits. Net assimilation, conductance, and transpiration could be improved in common bean, and substomatal CO2 concentration in pepper. Water Use Efficiency could be improved in some C3 crops, but more genetic biodiversity has to be identified in maize.
Role of 18F-FDG PET-CT in Pre-Operative Planning of Surgical Debridement in Chronic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Elsheikh Ahmed , Elazazy Mostafa , Elkaramany Mamdouh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Osteomyelitis is a challenge in diagnosis and treatment. 18F-FDG PET-CT provides a non-invasive tool for diagnosing and localizing osteomyelitis with a sensitivity reaching 94% and specificity reaching 100%. We aimed to assess the agreement in identifying the geographic area of infected bone and planned resection on plain X-ray versus 18F-FDG PET-CT.

Methods
Clinical photos and X-rays of ten osteomyelitis patients were shown to ten consultant surgeons; they were asked to draw the area of infection and extent of planned surgical debridement; data will be compared to 18F-FDG PET-CT results.

Results
We tested the agreement between the surgeons in every parameter. Regarding height, there was poor agreement between surgeons. Regarding perimeter, the ten surgeons showed low-moderate agreement. The ten surgeons showed a low-moderate agreement for circularity. Results document the variability of assessment and judgement based on plain X-rays. In comparison to PET-CT, All parameters were significantly different in favour of 18F-FDG PET-CT over X-ray (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
18F FDG PET-CT provides a three-dimensional tool for localizing the exact location of the infected bone and differentiating it from the normal bone. Thus, it could be beneficial in precise pre-operative planning and surgical debridement of chronic osteomyelitis.
Integrated full-scale solar CPC/UV-LED–filtration system as a tertiary treatment in a conventional WWTP for agricultural reuse purposes
Authors: Ponce-Robles L. , Mena E. , Diaz S. , Pagán-Muñoz A. , Lara-Guillén A. J. , Fellahi I. , Alarcón J. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToday, the emergence of increasingly restrictive treatment and reuse policies make the implementation of full-scale tertiary treatment, capable of improving the quality of water, a priority. Full-scale TiO2 photocatalysis systems are resulting in a promising option, since TiO2 is commercially available. However, questions such as how to work continuously during day/night irradiation cycle, or the removing of TiO2 in outlet flow are still unresolved. In this work, a full-scale system integrating a solar CPC/UV-LED step combined with commercial microfiltration membranes was installed in a conventional WWTP for agricultural reuse purposes. After optimization, 0.5 g/L of catalyst and combined SOLAR + UV-LED showing the highest pharmaceutical removal percentages, while a self-designed UV-LED included in the own reaction tank resulting in higher efficiencies compared with commercial lamps. Longer membrane surface area decreased fouling problems in the system. However, 60 min of irradiation time was necessary to reach the most restrictive water quality values according with (EU 2020/741). After optimization step, total costs were reduced by 45%. However, it was shown that a reduction in operating and maintenance costs, along with the development of more effective and economical commercial filtration membranes is a key factor; therefore, working on these aspects is essential in the treated water cost reduction.
Graphical abstract
Autophagic Clearance of Lipid Droplets Alters Metabolic Phenotypes in a Genetic Obesity–Diabetes Mouse Model
Authors: Chen Ningxie , Lu Boxun , Fu Yuhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, and their aberrant accumulation is associated with many diseases including metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Meanwhile, the potential pathological contributions of LDs in these diseases are unclear, likely due to a lack of chemical biology tools to clear LDs. We recently developed LD-clearance small molecule compounds, Lipid Droplets·AuTophagy TEthering Compounds (LD·ATTECs), that are able to induce autophagic clearance of LDs in cells and in the liver of db/db (C57BL/6J Leprdb/Leprdb) mouse model, which is a widely used genetic model for obesity–diabetes. Meanwhile, the potential effects on the metabolic phenotype remain to be elucidated. Here, using the metabolic cage assay and the blood glucose assay, we performed phenotypic characterization of the effects of the autophagic degradation of LDs by LD·ATTECs in the db/db mouse model. The study reveals that LD·ATTECs increased the oxygen uptake of mice and the release of carbon dioxide, enhanced the heat production of animals, partially enhanced the exercise during the dark phase, decreased the blood glucose level and improved insulin sensitivity. Collectively, the study characterized the metabolic phenotypes induced by LD·ATTECs in an obesity–diabetes mouse model, revealing novel functional impacts of autophagic clearance of LDs and providing insights into LD biology and obesity–diabetes pathogenesis from the phenotypic perspective.
The Mastcam‐Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time‐Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars
Authors: Merusi M. , Kinch K. B. , Madsen M. B. , Bell J. F. , Maki J. N. , Hayes A. G. , Joseph J. , Johnson J. R. , Rice M. , Cloutis E. A. , Applin D. , Lemmon M. T. , Vaughan A. F. , Núñez J. I. , Jensen E. , Kristensen J. Z. , Paris K. , Cisneros E. , Kennedy M. R. , Gasnault O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Mastcam‐Z radiometric calibration targets mounted on the NASA's Perseverance rover proved to be effective in the calibration of Mastcam‐Z images to reflectance (I/F) over the first 350 sols on Mars. Mastcam‐Z imaged the calibration targets regularly to perform reflectance calibration on multispectral image sets of targets on the Martian surface. For each calibration target image, mean radiance values were extracted for 41 distinct regions of the targets, including patches of color and grayscale materials. Eight strong permanent magnets, placed under the primary target, attracted magnetic dust and repelled it from central surfaces, allowing the extraction of radiance values from eight regions relatively clean from dust. These radiances were combined with reflectances obtained from laboratory measurements, a one‐term linear fit model was applied, and the slopes of the fits were retrieved as estimates of the solar irradiance and used to convert Mastcam‐Z images from radiance to reflectance. Derived irradiance time series are smoothly varying in line with expectations based on the changing Mars‐Sun distance, being only perturbed by a few significant dust events. The deposition of dust on the calibration targets was largely concentrated on the magnets, ensuring a minimal influence of dust on the calibration process. The fraction of sunlight directly hitting the calibration targets was negatively correlated with the atmospheric optical depth, as expected. Further investigation will aim at explaining the origin of a small offset observed in the fit model employed for calibration, and the causes of a yellowing effect affecting one of the calibration targets materials.
Seasonal Climatic Variations Inferred From Pollen in a Laminated Glacier in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cui Anning , Wang Mo , Lu Houyuan , Xu Baiqing , Xu Deke , Li Hao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new, seasonal, laminated ice core pollen record spanning the last 13 years (2000–2012) from Zuoqiupu Glacier (5,600 m a.s.l.), located on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), reveals clear variations in pollen concentration and assemblage. A total of 117 continuous ice core layers were used for pollen analysis. Samples with high concentrations of Pinus and Tsuga could be identified as layers accumulated in spring, samples with high concentrations of Alnus and Artemisia could be identified as layers accumulated in autumn, and samples rich in herbaceous plant pollen could be regarded as layers deposited in summer. Three peaks of Tsuga pollen concentration accompanied by high Pinus content occurred in the spring of 2003, 2007, and 2010, which corresponded to wetter and warmer conditions modulated by the El Niño decaying phase (April–May in 2003, 2007, and 2010). Thus, pollen grains deposited on the Zuoqiupu Glacier can be used to study the impacts of atmospheric circulations on seasonal climate change over the southeastern TP.
Day‐to‐Day Temperature Variability in China During Last 60 Years Relative to Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Wang Xuejie , Wu Guocan , Qin Yanyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDay‐to‐day (DTD) temperature variability is an important characteristic of air temperature and is closely related to the economy, ecology, and human health. According to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the air temperature has increased particularly during the most recent decades. However, the temporal and spatial variations of DTD temperature variability have not been fully addressed. In this study, the DTD temperature variability is calculated using observed air temperature from meteorological stations in China. The regional and seasonal performances are evaluated among different climate regions and half‐year periods. In addition, the relationship between DTD temperature variability and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is evaluated. The national mean DTD temperature variability in 1961–2020 during the warming (cooling) half‐year was 1.8°C (1.5°C), with minimum (maximum) values occurring in the southwestern (northeastern) regions of mainland China. Negative correlation was found between DTD temperature variability and the AO, particularly during the warming half‐year in the northern region. The national mean trends of DTD temperature variability were −0.003°C and −0.007°C per decade during warming and cooling half‐years, respectively, indicating that the inter‐day variation is decreasing under the background of global warming, which may be ecologically beneficial. These results could be of great significance in understanding temperature change and can be used to quantify land–atmosphere interaction and climate change.
Chinese Fine‐Grained Geological Named Entity Recognition With Rules and FLAT
Authors: Chen Siying , Hua Weihua , Liu Xiuguo , Deng Xiaotong , Zeng Xinling , Duan Jianchao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGeological named entity recognition (NER) is an essential prerequisite to realizing geological information extraction and information retrieval and is an actual means for accomplishing structured reconstruction of unstructured geological data. Existing geological NER methods mainly focus on coarse‐grained geological entity recognition, but geological entities are fine‐grained. To solve this problem, a Chinese fine‐grained geological entity corpus encompassing 21 types of fine‐grained labels is constructed. In addition, in this article, a fine‐grained geological entity recognition model based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT)‐Flat‐Lattice Transformer is designed. This paper names this method FGNER (Fine‐grained Geological Named Entity Recognition) which adds geological naming rules to revise the model results to improve the recognition of complex geological entities. The fine‐grained geological entity recognition method is evaluated using regional geological literature reports as experimental data. The experimental results show that the precision, recall, and F1‐score of the FGNER model are 95.73%, 89.26%, and 92.05%, respectively, thus achieving better performance than baseline models, such as BERT‐Conditional Random Field.
Correlations Between Subduction of Linear Oceanic Features and Arc Volcanism Volume Around the Pacific Basin
Authors: Adam Claudia , Vidal Valérie , Grosse Pablo , Ichihara Mie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArc volcanoes, created by magma generated from the dehydration of subducting slabs, show great variability in their sizes and along‐arc spatial distributions. In this study, we address a fundamental question, namely, how do subduction zones and volcanic arcs respond to the subduction of “atypical” oceanic lithosphere. We investigate the correlation between the geographical location and volume of arc volcanoes and the subduction of linear oceanic features, including hotspot tracks, oceanic plateaus, volcanic ridges, mid‐oceanic ridges, arc volcano chains, and fracture zones, around the Pacific basin. We use multidisciplinary and complementary data sets (topography and bathymetry, seismology and volcano morphometry), and design new analytical and data processing methods. We analyze 35 oceanic linear features. The subduction of three oceanic plateaus and five hotspot chains are clearly associated with volcanism increase, whereas four hotspot chains are related to volcanic gaps. We propose that the patterns of volcanism increase or decrease related to these oceanic features depend on the interplay between chemical (potentially enhancing melting) and thermo‐mechanical (inhibiting melting) effects, and/or by the variations of the chemical signatures along hotspot chains. The subduction of volcanic ridges is generally associated with small increases in arc volcanism, which may be accounted for by the fact that these features are highly hydrated and therefore promote melt. The subduction of active mid‐oceanic ridges is generally associated with slab windows and arc volcano gaps. No clear inference is found for the subduction of inactive arc ridges.
Structural Heterogeneity of the Alaska‐Aleutian Forearc: Implications for Interplate Coupling and Seismogenic Behaviors
Authors: Gou Tao , Xia Shaohong , Huang Zhouchuan , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe determine high‐resolution 3‐D seismic images (Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs) of the Alaska‐Aleutian forearc region, which are used to further estimate the serpentinization volume fraction of the subducting Pacific slab. Our results show that the hydration degree of the lower plate is high in the Shumagin Gap but relatively low in the Semidi and Kodiak segments, which roughly shows a trend of eastward decrease that is correlated with an increase of the interseismic slip deficit rate. The variation of slab serpentinization degree derived from our Vp model shows an uneven decreasing trend, well consistent with the along‐strike segmentation of interplate coupling and coseismic slip distributions of the 2020 Mw 7.8 Simeonof and 2021 Mw 8.2 Chignik megathrust earthquakes. The 2020 Mw 7.6 Sand Point earthquake took place within the strongly hydrated slab, whose occurrence was probably related to the variation of slip deficit rate that is probably affected by the changes in plate hydration. In addition, slow earthquakes occurred between the hydrated slab with pre‐subduction structures (e.g., bending faults, seamounts, and fracture zones) and the fluid‐saturated overriding crust and mantle wedge, where the intraslab seismicity and dehydration are intensive. These features suggest that lower‐plate hydration and dehydration may affect the interplate coupling and seismogenic behaviors in subduction zones.
On the Use of Dissolved Oxygen Isotopologues as Biogeochemical Tracers in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Li Boda , Hu Huanting , Berelson William M. , Adkins Jess F. , Yeung Laurence Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe isotopic composition of dissolved oxygen offers a family of potentially unique tracers of respiration and transport in the subsurface ocean. Uncertainties in transport parameters and isotopic fractionation factors, however, have limited the strength of the constraints offered by 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in dissolved oxygen. To improve our understanding of oxygen cycling in the ocean's interior, we investigated the systematics of oxygen isotopologues in the subsurface Pacific using new data and a 2‐D isotopologue‐enabled isopycnal reaction‐transport model. We measured 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios, as well as the “clumped” 18O18O isotopologue in the northeast Pacific, and compared the results to previously published data. We find evidence that oxygen consumption in the northeast Pacific follows different mass‐dependent fractionation exponents from those typically used in oceanographic studies. These fractionation factors imply that an elevated proportion of 17O compared to 18O in dissolved oxygen—that is, its triple‐oxygen isotope composition—may not uniquely reflect only gross primary productivity and mixing. For all oxygen isotopologues, transport, respiration, and photosynthesis comprise important parts of their respective budgets. Mechanisms of oxygen removal in the subsurface ocean are discussed.
What Controls the Skill of General Circulation Models to Simulate the Seasonal Cycle in Water Isotopic Composition in the Tibetan Plateau Region?
Authors: Shi Xiaoyi , Risi Camille , Li Laurent , Wang Xuejie , Pu Tao , Zhang Guotao , Zhang Yuan , Wang Zhiyuan , Kong Yanlong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the simulation of the seasonal cycle of water isotopic composition over Tibetan Plateau regions (TP) from six isotope‐enabled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the second Phase of Stable Water Isotope Intercomparison Group. For both meteorological factors (precipitation rate and wind field) and isotopic composition, GCMs generally agree with reanalysis data and in‐situ observations, but there is a significant spread across models and the isotopic seasonality is systematically underestimated. In the southern TP, the precipitation isotopic composition is more depleted in summer than in winter, and the amplitude of the simulated isotopic seasonal variations is primarily driven by the amplitude of the simulated upstream precipitation. In contrast, in the northern TP, the precipitation isotopic composition is more depleted in winter than in summer, and the amplitude of the simulated seasonal variability of isotopes is mainly driven by the simulated strength of the zonal wind. We conclude that the skill of a GCM to simulate the seasonal cycle in the isotopic composition depends mainly on the skill of the GCM to simulate the Indian summer monsoon precipitation and the westerlies. The same causes contributing to the underestimated seasonality at present‐day may also contribute to the underestimated δ18O change at the mid‐Holocene.
The Effect of Gradient and Shape on the Formation Process of Climbing Dunes in a Wind‐Tunnel Experiment
Authors: Wang Xiaoxu , Yan Ping , Dong Miao , Zhang Xiao , Wang Yong , Wang Yijiao , Yuan Wenjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimbing dunes are typical aeolian landforms. The study of their formation and development mechanisms is necessary for the prevention and control of dune migration. The gradient and shape are important geomorphic factors affecting the formation of climbing dunes, but their influencing mechanism is not clear at present. In this work, wind speed and sand deposition on a sloping surface were monitored at a constant wind speed of 8 m s−1 in wind‐tunnel experiments, under six gradients (8°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, and 55°) and five shapes (planar, concave, convex, concave‐convex, and stepped). The results show that (a) The flow field structure was affected by gradient and shape of the surface. The influences of flow field expanded both horizontally and vertically as the gradient increased; while at the 25° gradient, the horizontal range of influence was similar, but the vertical influence varied with different shapes. (b) The development of the sand deposition on a sloping surface could be divided into two stages. First, sand deposition occurred rapidly and climbing height, deposition area and deposition amount increased. After the surface was filled, the deposition on the surface slowed down and stabilized. (c) When the surface shape is flat, 25°–35° is the easiest gradient to form climbing dunes. Concave and stepped surfaces were more prone to form climbing dunes than were surfaces of other shapes. Those preliminary findings may enhance our understanding the formation of climbing dunes as well as provide useful references for reducing their influences upon the arid environment.
Prevalence of mesiobuccal-2 canals in maxillary first and second molars among the Bruneian population—CBCT analysis
Authors: Onn Hui Yi , Sikun Malissa Siao Yun Abdullah , Abdul Rahman Hanif , Dhaliwal Jagjit Singh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Identification of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB-2) in maxillary molars is considered an endodontic concern of many practitioners due to its complex morphology. The use of Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a necessity for easier location of this elusive canal during endodontic treatment.

Aim
To study the prevalence of the MB-2 canal in the maxillary first and second molars amongst the Bruneian population.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study involving a review of scans taken from a CBCT scanner (J Morita; Veraviewepocs 3D R100 Panoramic/Cephalometric) over a 5-year period, from May 2016 to May 2021 was carried out. A total of 342 maxillary molars were evaluated independently by two observers. Any contradicting outcomes were discussed by both observers until a consensus was reached. In addition, the correlation of MB-2 canals with gender and age were calculated using the chi-squared test.

Results
The prevalence of MB-2 canal in the maxillary first and second molars are 51.3% and 29.8% respectively. Both males and females have a similar prevalence of MB-2 canals in the maxillary first and second molars. The incidence of MB-2 canals in both maxillary first and second molars significantly decreases with increasing age. No significant correlation between the prevalence of MB-2 canals with different gender groups in the population.

Conclusions
It is crucial for clinicians to identify the presence of MB-2 canals when performing endodontic treatment of the maxillary first and second molars. Varying prevalence has been reported for different populations. Recognising this wide-ranging prevalence amongst different populations will allow for greater predictability in ensuring endodontic treatment success.