bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline fat fraction is a strong predictor of disease progression in Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Veeger Thom T. J. , van de Velde Nienke M. , Keene Kevin R. , Niks Erik H. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Webb Andrew G. , de Groot Jurriaan H. , Kan Hermien E. 
Published: January 2022

In Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), muscle weakness progresses relatively slowly, with a highly variable rate among patients. This complicates clinical trials, as clinically relevant changes are difficult to capture within the typical duration of a trial. Therefore, predictors for disease progression are needed. We assessed if temporal increase of fat fraction (FF) in BMD follows a sigmoidal trajectory and whether fat fraction at baseline (FFbase) could therefore predict FF increase after 2 years (ΔFF). Thereafter, for two different MR‐based parameters, we tested the additional predictive value to FFbase. We used 3‐T Dixon data from the upper and lower leg, and multiecho spin‐echo MRI and 7‐T 31P MRS datasets from the lower leg, acquired in 24 BMD patients (age: 41.4 [SD 12.8] years). We assessed the pattern of increase in FF using mixed‐effects modelling. Subsequently, we tested if indicators of muscle damage like standard deviation in water T2 (stdT2) and the phosphodiester (PDE) over ATP ratio at baseline had additional value to FFbase for predicting ∆FF. The association between FFbase and ΔFF was described by the derivative of a sigmoid function and resulted in a peak ΔFF around 0.45 FFbase (fourth‐order polynomial term: t = 3.7, p < .001). StdT2 and PDE/ATP were not significantly associated with ∆FF if FFbase was included in the model. The relationship between FFbase and ∆FF suggests a sigmoidal trajectory of the increase in FF over time in BMD, similar to that described for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our results can be used to identify muscles (or patients) that are in the fast progressing stage of the disease, thereby facilitating the conduct of clinical trials.
Psychosocial predictors of problematic eating in young adults who underwent adolescent bariatric surgery
Authors: Decker Kristina M. , Reiter‐Purtill Jennifer , Bejarano Carolina M. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Mitchell James E. , Jenkins Todd M. , Helmrath Michael , Inge Thomas H. , Michalsky Marc P. , Zeller Meg H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined problematic eating and eating‐related psychopathology among young adults who underwent adolescent bariatric surgery including concurrent and prospective associations with psychosocial factors and weight change.MethodsVIEW point is a 6‐year follow‐up study within a prospective observational study series observing adolescents with severe obesity who had bariatric surgery (n = 139) or who presented to nonsurgical lifestyle modification programs (n = 83). Participants completed height/weight measurements, questionnaires, and diagnostic interviews. Regression analyses compared problematic eating across groups and examined Year 6 correlates (i.e., psychosocial factors and weight change) and baseline predictors (i.e., psychosocial factors) of eating‐related psychopathology.ResultsCompared to the nonsurgical group, the surgical group reported lower eating‐related psychopathology, objective binge eating, and grazing at Year 6. While chewing/spitting out and vomiting for weight/shape‐related reasons were very infrequent for the surgical group, self‐induced vomiting for other reasons (e.g., avoid plugging) was more common. For the surgical group, lower self‐worth, greater internalizing symptoms, and higher weight‐related teasing in adolescence predicted increased eating‐related psychopathology in young adulthood. Year 6 eating‐related psychopathology was concurrently associated with lower percent weight loss for the surgical group and greater percent weight gain for the nonsurgical group.ConclusionUndergoing adolescent bariatric surgery appears to afford benefit for problematic eating and eating‐related psychopathology. Current findings suggest that the clinical intervention related to problematic eating and associated psychosocial concerns may be needed for young adults with obesity, regardless of surgical status.
Fetoscopic insufflation of heated‐humidified carbon dioxide during simulated spina bifida repair is safe under controlled anesthesia in the fetal lamb
Authors: Joyeux Luc , Basurto David , Bleeser Tom , Van der Veeken Lennart , Vergote Simen , Kunpalin Yada , Trigo Lucas , Corno Enrico , De Bie Felix R. , De Coppi Paolo , Ourselin Sebastien , Van Calenbergh Frank , Hooper Stuart B. , Rex Steffen , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the safety of Partial‐Amniotic‐Insufflation‐of‐heated‐humidified‐CO2 (hPACI) during fetoscopic spina bifida repair (fSB‐repair).MethodA simulated fSB‐repair through an exteriorized uterus under hPACI was performed in 100‐day fetal lambs (term = 145 days) under a laboratory anesthesia protocol (n = 5; group 1) which is known to induce maternal‐fetal acidosis and hypercapnia. Since these may not occur clinically, we applied a clinical anesthesia protocol (n = 5; group 2), keeping maternal parameters within physiological conditions, that is, controlled maternal arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) pressure (pCO2 = 30 mmHg), blood pressure (≥67 mmHg), and temperature (37.1–39.8°C). Our superiority study used fetal pH as the primary outcome.ResultsCompared to group 1, controlled anesthesia normalized fetal pH (7.23 ± 0.02 vs. 7.36 ± 0.02, p < 0.001), pCO2 (70.0 ± 9.1 vs. 43.0 ± 1.0 mmHg, p = 0.011) and bicarbonate (27.8 ± 1.1 vs. 24.0 ± 0.9 mmol/L, p = 0.071) at baseline. It kept them within clinically acceptable limits (pH ≥ 7.23, pCO2 ≤ 70 mmHg, bicarbonate ≤ 30 mm/L) for ≥120 min of hPACI as opposed to ≤30 min in group one. Fetal pO2 and lactate were comparable between groups and generally within normal range. Fetal brain histology demonstrated fewer apoptotic cells and higher neuronal density in the prefrontal cortex in group two. There was no difference in fetal membrane inflammation, which was mild.ConclusionFetoscopic insufflation of heated‐humidified CO2 during simulated fSB‐repair through an exteriorized uterus can be done safely under controlled anesthesia.
A framework for reporting secondary and incidental findings in prenatal sequencing: When and for whom?
Authors: Vears Danya , Amor David J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the use of genomic sequencing (GS) in the prenatal setting becomes more widespread, laboratories and clinicians will be tasked with making decisions about whether to offer incidental and secondary findings to expectant parents and, if so, which ones. Unfortunately, few guidelines or position statements issued by professional bodies address the return of secondary findings specifically in the context of prenatal GS, nor do they offer clear guidance on whether, and which types of incidental findings should be reported. Laboratories and clinicians will also need to navigate other challenges, such as how to obtain sufficiently informed consent, workload burdens for both laboratories and clinicians, and funding. Here we discuss these, and other challenges associated with offering incidental and secondary findings in the context of prenatal GS. We outline existing guidelines for return of these findings, prenatally and in children. We review the existing literature on stakeholder perspectives on return of incidental and secondary findings and discuss the main practical and ethical challenges that require consideration. We then propose a framework to help guide decision‐making, suggesting a baseline routine analysis, with additional layers of analysis that could be offered, according to local laboratory policy, with additional opt‐in consent from the parents.
Study of uniformity of atmospheric pressure plasma microjet array for maskless parallel micropatterned etching
Authors: Yang Junfeng , Xia Lingju , Zhou Shuneng , Liao Lirui , Wang Zekun , Wen Li , Yan K. C. , Wang Hai , Chu Jiaru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel atmospheric pressure plasma microjet (APPμJ) array is proposed to realize maskless parallel micropatterned etching of materials. Due to applying microfabrication technology, the dimension and distance of multiple jets in an array can be adjusted at a micro/nanoscale. However, interactions among multiple jets often lead to inconsistency of microjets and nonuniformity of sample etching. In this study, a 1 × 2 APPμJ array with 90‐μm nozzles and varying jet‐to‐jet distance is developed. The effects of different operating factors on the consistency of the APPμJ array are investigated. The experiment results show that the consistency of the microjet array and uniformity of sample etching can be greatly improved by optimizing operating parameters, such as applied voltage, gas flow rate, and jet‐to‐jet distance.
Molecular growth paths and dust‐particles nucleation precursors in Ar/C2H2 low pressure discharges
Authors: Tetard Gautier , Michau Armelle , Prasanna Swaminathan , Mougenot Jonathan , Brault Pascal , Hassouni Khaled 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA numerical model was used to investigate the effect of acetylene concentration in the feed gas on molecular growth and solid particle nucleation in argon‐acetylene CCRF discharges. Results showed that for large acetylene conversion yields and small acetylene concentrations in the discharge, the ionization kinetic is driven by the Penning process and the molecular growth is governed by neutral polyynes. The cluster size distribution predicted shows that nucleation is unlikely in this situation. On the contrary, for limited conversion yields and significant acetylene concentrations in the discharge, the ionization kinetic is driven by the electron‐impact process; the molecular growth is governed by positive ions and leads to significant concentrations of neutral polyynes and enhanced nucleation rate.
Predictors of successful trial off continuous positive airway pressure and high flow nasal cannula in preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation: A retrospective study
Authors: Mohsen Nada , Nasef Nehad , Elkhouli Mohamed , Ghanem Mohab , Dalby Allison , Yoon Eugene Woojin , Finan Emer , Shah Prakesh S , Mohamed Adel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the predictors of successful first trial off nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of infants ≤29 weeks’ gestation who required nCPAP for >24 h was conducted. Logistic regression was used to detect predictors for successful trial off nCPAP. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software.ResultsA total of 727 infants were included in the analysis. Infants who were successful in their first trial off nCPAP (n = 313) were of higher gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW), as well as a higher proportion of female infants, compared with those who were not successful (p < 0.01). When stratified by GA, a negative correlation was noted between GA and postmenstrual age at successful trial off nCPAP or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that GA (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03–1.24], p = 0.01) and percentage of time spent with an oxygen saturation over 89% in the 24 h preceding the trial off nCPAP (OR 1.08, 95% CI [1.05–1.11], p = 0.00) were independent predictors for successful trial off nCPAP.ConclusionSuccessful trial off nCPAP or HFNC in preterm infants is significantly associated with higher GA, BW, female gender, and the specific oxygen saturation histogram in the preceding 24‐h period.
Geometric Phases and The Sagnac Effect: Foundational Aspects and Sensing Applications
Authors: Paiva Ismael L. , Lenny Rain , Cohen Eliahu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGeometric phase is a key player in many areas of quantum science and technology. In this review article, several foundational aspects of quantum geometric phases and their relations to classical geometric phases are outlined. How the Aharonov–Bohm and Sagnac effects fit into this context is then discussed. Moreover, a concise overview of technological applications of the latter, with special emphasis on gravitational sensing, like in gyroscopes and gravitational wave detectors is presented.
Humanistic science education: The history of science and other relevant contexts
Authors: Klopfer Leo E. , Aikenhead Glen S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article offers a retrospective synopsis of 70 years of development of a humanistic approach to science education. Instruction using the history of science, for example, provides a rich context for students to learn not only canonical science content on a need‐to‐know basis, but also content from the other domains of humanistic science education, including: the nature of science and scientists, cultural studies, and the multifarious interplay between science/scientists and society. The synopsis leads to the conclusion that instructional materials and student assessment tools developed earlier for teaching the history of science are relevant today. Science–technology–society–environment and socioscientific issues, two of the present six domains of humanistic school science, are given special attention. An example of their teaching materials is described, which illustrates in detail how to organize lessons or units particularly suited for the substantial majority of high school students who would not enroll in any current science classes if not required for graduation. Trends suggested for the future are based on shifts in current global economics.
Sn‐Ti Submicrospheres with Tunable Particle Size for Cyclohexanone Baeyer‐Villiger Oxidation
Authors: He Binbin , Zhou Zhiwei , Sun Peiyong , Liu Chuanfa , Liu Yangyang , Xia Guangbo , Wu Wenliang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSn‐Ti submicrospheres with tunable particle size were successfully synthesized by adjusting the water amount over Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)‐assisted sol‐gel method in this paper, and the effect of the submicrosphere size on the catalytic performance in the B‐V oxidation of cyclohexanone by molecular oxygen was also investigated. Their physical and chemical properties were character‐ rized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, Pyridine‐adsorbed IR(Py‐IR), Uvioletvisible diffuse reflection spectroscopy(UV‐vis), X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Transmission electron microscope and Energy dispersive X‐ray detector(TEM‐EDX) techniques. The characterization results showed that the Sn‐Ti crystal phase would be affected by the initial water amount resulting in the variation for the incorporation of tin species into the tetrahedral TiO2. The regular Sn‐Ti submicrospheres with particle size about 210±5 nm and typical Lewis acidities for MTS‐W‐4.0 sample can be obtained when water amount was as high as 4.0 mL, and it exhibited higher catalytic performance than other catalysts where its ϵ‐caprolactone yield was 97.8 %. Compared to the decline range of 13.6 % with the submicrospheres particle size as about 450 nm, the drop of ϵ‐caprolactone yield was only 3.9 % and the yield of ϵ‐caprolactone can be kept at 93.9 % over MTS‐W‐4.0 sample after repeated use for 5 times.
Na/CuII/CuI Complexes of Compartmental Schiff Base Ligands Incorporating the [Cu(NCO)2]− Ion
Authors: Bhargavi Govindugari , Sahu Upasana , Rajasekharan Melath V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo new NaI/CuI,II polynuclear compounds [(NaCu3((R,R)‐3‐MeOSalcy)2(NCO)2](1) and [(NaCu2(3‐MeOSalpn)(NCO)2] (2) have been synthesized using the Schiff base (SB) ligands, (R,R)‐3‐MeOSalcy=(R,R)–N,N′‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane and 3‐MeOSalpn=N,N′‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐1,3‐diaminopropane, respectively. Both complexes contain the rarely observed linear [Cu(NCO)2]− ion which links [{CuII(SB)}2Na]+ ions in 1 or [{CuII(SB)Na}2]2+ ions in 2 producing different linear chain topologies. The mixed valent CuI/IINa network in compound 1 allows for greater magnetic isolation of the paramagnetic ions as compared to compound 2, leading to differences in their EPR spectra.
Development of a PVC Membrane Potentiometric Sensor with Low Detection Limit and Wide Linear Range for the Determination of Maprotiline in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Tekce Serkan , Subasi Yaver , Coldur Fatih , Kanberoglu Gulsah Saydan , Zahmakiran Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaprotiline (MAP), is an active ingredient of some antidepressants which has been broadly used for the therapy of depression. The overdose of MAP in the treatment of patients with depression can lead to significant side effects, even lethal intoxication. Therefore, it is very important to develop simple, inexpensive, fast and reliable detection methods for MAP in interested samples. In our present study, we have offered a novel poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) membrane maprotiline‐selective potentiometric sensor based on a type of MOFs, known as MIL‐53(Al), as electroactive ionophore substance. The sensor prepared at the optimum membrane composition exhibited a linear response for maprotiline hydrochloride in the concentration range of 1,0×10−9 M−1,0×10−2 M with a slope of 59,1 mV/decade and detection limit of 9,0×10−10 M. The pH working range of the sensor was determined as 2,0–9,5. The response time of the sensor was very fast and less than 5 s. With these performance features, it has been shown that the current sensor has quite superior features compared to the potentiometric MAP‐selective sensor available in the literature. The potentiometric application of the sensor was successfully carried out with the detection of MAP in pharmaceutical tablets containing MAP‐HCl.
Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion from Ru(II) Phenanthroline Complexes and 2‐Substituted Anthracene Derivatives
Authors: Liang Zuo‐Qin , Yan Xu , Cui Hao , Xie Huan‐Ran , Li Hui , Yan Dong , Ye Chang‐Qing , Wang Xiao‐Mei , Tao Xu‐Tang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo Ru(II) phenanthroline complexes (Ru‐ph and Ru‐py) were synthesized and their photophysical properties were systematically investigated. For Ru‐py, the conjugation of pyrene at 3‐ and 8‐positions of auxiliary ligand 1,10‐phenanthroline can increase the phosphorescence quantum yield, prolong the triplet lifetime and reduce the triplet energy level. The extended triplet lifetime of Ru‐py was revealed by using the density function theory calculations, which is originated from the triplet state equilibrium between the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3MLCT) state and the intraligand (3IL) state. The upconversion fluorescence of 2‐substituted anthracene derivatives (DTACl, DTACN and DNACN) sensitized by Ru‐ph and Ru‐py in DMF was investigated under monochromatic 488 nm excitation with an ultralow power density of 40 mW/cm2. Among them, Ru‐py/DTACl presents the highest upconversion quantum yield (7.4 %). It is found that a small energy gap between the triplet states of sensitizer and emitter helps to increase upconversion quantum yield besides the high triplet‐triplet annihilation efficiency and fluorescence radiation of emitter and the long triplet lifetime of sensitizer.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Polyhedrons Confined Fe–P Nanocrystals as High‐Efficiency Bifunctional Catalysts for Aqueous Zn−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Shuai , Wang Lei , Yang Hui , Gao Sanshuang , Liu Yifan , Zhang Shusheng , Chen Yu , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmerging Fe bonded with heteroatom P in carbon matrix (FePC) holds great promise for electrochemical catalysis, but the design of highly active and cost‐efficient FePC structure for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and aqueous ZnCO2 batteries (ZCBs) is still challenging. Herein, polyhedron‐shaped bifunctional electrocatalysts, FeP nanocrystals anchored in N‐doped carbon polyhedrons (Fe‐P@NCPs), toward a reversible aqueous ZnCO2 battery, are reported. The Fe‐P@NCPs are synthesized through a facile strategy by using self‐templated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), followed by an in situ high‐temperature calcination. The resultant catalysts exhibit aqueous CO2RR activity with a CO Faradaic efficiency up to 95% at −0.55 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to the previously best‐reported values of FeNC structure. The as‐constructed ZCBs with designed Fe‐P@NCPs cathode, show the peak power density of 0.85 mW cm−2 and energy density of 231.8 Wh kg−1 with a cycling durability over 500 cycles, and outstanding stability in terms of discharge voltage for 7 days. The high selectivity and efficiency of the battery are attributed to the presence of highly catalytic FeP nanocrystals in N‐doped carbon matrix, which can effectively increase the number of catalytically active sites and interfacial charge–transfer conductivity, thereby improving the CO2RR activity.
Tunable Assembly of Organic–Inorganic Molecules into Hierarchical Superstructures as Ligase Mimics for Enhancing Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Ai Yongjian , Sun Hua , Wang Chenlong , Zheng Wenchen , Han Qiang , Liang Qionglin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe assembly of molecules into hierarchical superstructures is ubiquitous in the construction of novel geometrically complex hierarchical superstructures, attracting great attention. Herein, a metal–ligand cross‐linking strategy is developed for the fabrication of ferric ion–dopamine coordination hierarchical superstructures. A range of superstructures with highly complex morphologies, such as flower‐like, octopus‐like, and hedgehog‐like superstructures, are synthesized. The mechanism for formation of hierarchical superstructures involves the pre‐cross‐linking of ferric ion with dopamine molecules, the fabrication of iron–dopamine precursors aggregated into the spherical aggregates, the nanoscale aggregates sintering and ordering themselves upon equilibration, the nanodots polymerizing into nanorods, and finally the nanorods self‐assembling into hierarchical superstructures. In‐depth research illustrates that as the permittivity (ξ) of the reaction system increases, the resulting hierarchical superstructures tend to converge into spherical shape. As a proof of concept, the 0D nanospheres, 1D nanorods, and 3D hierarchical superstructures are fabricated through adjusting system permittivity. The hierarchical superstructure is utilized as peroxidase‐like ligase mimics to enhance the effect of tumor photothermal treatment. Further in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that the hierarchical superstructure can effectively ablate tumor cells. This work opens new horizons in hierarchical superstructures with complex architectures, and has great potential in nanozymology, biomedical science, and catalysis.