bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium scores from 1.5 mm slice reconstructions of electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography scans in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Kim Suh Young , Suh Young Joo , Lee Hye-Jeong , Kim Young Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is unknown whether the thinner slice reconstruction has added value relative to 3 mm reconstructions in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). This retrospective study included 550 asymptomatic individuals who underwent cardiac CT. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores and severity categories were assessed from 1.5 and 3 mm scans. CAC scores obtained from 1.5 and 3 mm scans were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard models were developed to predict MACEs based on the degree of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT angiography and the presence of CAC on both scans. Model performances were compared using the time-dependent ROC curve and integrated area under the curve (iAUC) methods. The CAC scores obtained from 1.5 mm scans were significantly higher than those from 3 mm scans (median, interquartile range 4.5[0–71] vs. 0[0–48.4]; p < 0.001). Models showed no difference in predictive accuracy of the presence of CAC between 1.5 and 3 mm scans (iAUC, 0.625 vs. 0.672). In conclusion, CAC scores obtained from 1.5 mm scans are significantly higher than those from 3 mm scans, but do not provide added prognostic value relative to 3 mm scans.
Activated brown adipose tissue releases exosomes containing mitochondrial methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP dependent) 1-like protein (MTHFD1L)
Authors: Leow Melvin Khee-Shing , Rengaraj Anantharaj , Narasimhan Kothandaraman , Verma Sanjay K. , Yaligar Jadegoud , Thu Giang Le Thi , Sun Lijuan , Goh Hui Jen , Govindharajulu Priya , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Michael Navin , Meng Wei , Gallart-Palau Xavier , Sun Lei , Karnani Neerja , Sze Newman Siu Kwan , Velan S. Sendhil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising weapon to combat obesity and metabolic disease. BAT is thermogenic and consumes substantial amounts of glucose and fatty acids as fuel for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. To study BAT function in large human longitudinal cohorts, safe and precise detection methodologies are needed. Although regarded a gold standard, the foray of PET-CT into BAT research and clinical applications is limited by its high ionizing radiation doses. Here, we show that brown adipocytes release exosomes in blood plasma that can be utilized to assess BAT activity. In the present study, we investigated circulating protein biomarkers that can accurately and reliably reflect BAT activation triggered by cold exposure, capsinoids ingestion and thyroid hormone excess in humans. We discovered an exosomal protein, methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like (MTHFD1L), to be overexpressed and detectable in plasma for all three modes of BAT activation in human subjects. This mitochondrial protein is packaged as a cargo within multivesicular bodies of the endosomal compartment and secreted as exosomes via exocytosis from activated brown adipocytes into the circulation. To support MTHFD1L as a conserved BAT activation response in other vertebrates, we examined a rodent model and also proved its presence in blood of rats following BAT activation by cold exposure. Plasma concentration of exosomal MTHFD1L correlated with human BAT activity as confirmed by PET-MR in humans and supported by data from rats. Thus, we deduce that MTHFD1L appears to be overexpressed in activated BAT compared to BAT in the basal nonstimulated state.
Genome-wide survey and genetic characteristics of Ophichthus evermanni based on Illumina sequencing platform
Authors: Yang Tianyan , Ning Zijun , Liu Yuping , Zhang Shufei , Gao Tianxiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ophichthidae fishes limit to continental shelf of all tropical and subtropical oceans and contain more than 350 species, representing the greatest specialization diversity in the order Anguiliformes. In the present study, we conducted a genome survey sequencing (GSS) analysis of Ophichthus evermanni by Illumina sequencing platform to briefly reveal its genomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. The first de novo assembled 1.97 Gb draft genome of O. evermanni was predicted based on K-mer analysis without obvious nucleotide bias. The heterozygosity ratio was 0.70%, and the sequence repeat ratio was calculated to be 43.30%. A total of 9016 putative coding genes were successfully predicted, in which 3587 unigenes were identified by gene ontology (GO) analysis and 4375 unigenes were classified into cluster of orthologous groups for enkaryotic complete genomes (KOG) functional categories. About 2,812,813 microsatellite motifs including mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexanucleotide motifs were identified, with an occurrence frequency of 23.32%. The most abundant type was dinucleotide repeat motifs, accounting for 49.19% of the total repeat types. The mitochondrial genome, as a byproduct of GSS, was assembled to investigate the evolutionary relationships between O. evermanni and its relatives. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic tree inferring from concatenated 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) showed complicated relationships among Ophichthidae species, indicating a polyphyletic origin of the family. The results would achieve more thorough genetic information of snake eels and provide a theoretical basis and reference for further genome-wide analysis of O. evermanni.
Backoff‐toleration‐based opportunistic MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Chen Keyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the development of underwater internet, Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) have become an important method for collecting marine parameters and data. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the underlying infrastructure of UASNs. It directly affects the utilization of the underwater acoustic channel and the overall performance of the network. The ALOHA protocol is the basis of the random accessing protocols. It freely accesses the channel, so the collision between data packets is very serious. To this end, this paper proposes a Backoff‐Toleration‐Based Opportunistic (BTBO) protocol. In this protocol, each sensor node opportunistically learns by backoffing tolerantly, and finds the optimal transmission time respectively to transmit the data packet. Simulation results show that the BTBO protocol has better throughput and average end‐to‐end delay. At the same time, the authors added adaptive design to the dynamic topology networks in the UASNs. The simulation results show that the protocol can effectively alleviate these problems and improve performance.
Method for predicting the remaining mileage of electric vehicles based on dimension expansion and model fusion
Authors: Tian Sheng , Li Chengwei , Lv Qing , Li Jia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurately predicting the remaining mileage of electric vehicles (EVs) can effectively alleviate user's mileage anxiety and develop refinement of energy management strategy. However, traditional prediction methods not only consume time and resources, but also accumulate errors and lack interpretability. In this paper, we proposed a model based on dimension expansion and model fusion strategy, which uses the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to directly predict the remaining mileage of EVs. After pre‐processing the real running data of EVs, we constructed the field of remaining driving range and analyzed the relationship between features and remaining driving range, and then directly predicted the remaining driving mileage. Compared with other machine learning methods, XGBoost model has the highest accuracy. Then dimensional extended data set was obtained based on prior knowledge and symbol conversion, which improved the model performance. Finally, the model fusion strategy was adopted to further improve the generalization ability and stability of the model. The experimental results show that the Bootstrap aggregating (Bagging) fusion model has the highest predictive performance on the test set and outperformed other methods. The maximum RAE is not more than 3.5%, RMSE is less than 3km and MAE is about 2 km.
Signal timing parameters inference method at intersections using license plate recognition data
Authors: Lin Qinghai , Chen Jinyong , Li Guilong , He Zhaocheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSignal timing parameters are essential components in traffic signal control (TSC). It affects not only traffic management, but also traffic safety. However, due to the confidential issues of the traffic management department, or lack of data integration from different signal manufacturers, it is intractable to obtain the city‐scale signal timing data. In the previous studies, some existing estimation methods focused on a single parameter and fixed‐timing scheme. To tackle this issue, this study attempts to develop an integrated parameters inference method based on license plate recognition (LPR) data, considering phase weight, average phase duration information and the overall phases of the intersections. In particular, the proposed method includes phase sequence inference model, cycle length inference model and phase duration inference model. To testify the performance of the proposed method, a real‐world LPR dataset from Guangzhou, China, is applied. Numerical results show that the proposed method performs more efficiently on parameter inferences than the state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) approach. For instance, in the given research time period, the mean absolute error (MAE) of each phase duration is 2 s averagely (6.32 s in the SOTA approach), and the mean relative error (MRE) of cycle length is 0.91% (11.67% in the SOTA approach).
Nearby galaxies in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey
Authors: Heesen V. , Staffehl M. , Basu A. , Beck R. , Stein M. , Tabatabaei F. S. , Hardcastle M. J. , Chyży K. T. , Shimwell T. W. , Adebahr B. , Beswick R. , Bomans D. J. , Botteon A. , Brinks E. , Brüggen M. , Dettmar R.-J. , Drabent A. , de Gasperin F. , Gürkan G. , Heald G. H. , Horellou C. , Nikiel-Wroczynski B. , Paladino R. , Piotrowska J. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Smith D. J. B. , Tasse C. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Cosmic rays and magnetic fields are key ingredients in galaxy evolution, regulating both stellar feedback and star formation. Their properties can be studied with low-frequency radio continuum observations that are free from thermal contamination.
Aims. We define a sample of 76 nearby (< 30 Mpc) galaxies with rich ancillary data in the radio continuum and infrared from the CHANG-ES and KINGFISH surveys, which will be observed with the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) at 144 MHz.
Methods. We present maps for 45 of them as part of the LoTSS data release 2 (LoTSS-DR2), where we measure integrated flux densities and study integrated and spatially resolved radio spectral indices. We investigate the radio–star formation rate (SFR) relation using SFRs derived from total infrared and Hα + 24-μm emission.
Results. The radio–SFR relation at 144 MHz is clearly super-linear with L144 MHz ∝ SFR1.4−1.5. The mean integrated radio spectral index between 144 and ≈1400 MHz is ⟨α⟩= − 0.56 ± 0.14, in agreement with the injection spectral index for cosmic ray electrons (CREs). However, the radio spectral index maps show variation of spectral indices with flatter spectra associated with star-forming regions and steeper spectra in galaxy outskirts and, in particular, in extra-planar regions. We found that galaxies with high SFRs have steeper radio spectra; we find similar correlations with galaxy size, mass, and rotation speed.
Conclusions. Galaxies that are larger and more massive are better electron calorimeters, meaning that the CRE lose a higher fraction of their energy within the galaxies. This explains the super-linear radio–SFR relation, with more massive, star-forming galaxies being radio bright. We propose a semi-calorimetric radio–SFR relation that employs the galaxy mass as a proxy for the calorimetric efficiency.
First Clinical Study on Long-Acting Growth Hormone Therapy in
Children with Turner Sydrome
Authors: Gao Xinying , Chen Jiajia , Cao Bingyan , Dou Xinyu , Peng Yaguang , Su Chang , Qin Miao , Wei Liya , Fan Lijun , Zhang Beibei , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudy on long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) therapy in Turner syndrome (TS) is a
2-year retrospective study including patients diagnosed with TS from
2018–2021. Patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 to 4 were low
dose (0.1 mg/kg/ w), high-dose
(0.2 mg/kg/w) LAGH, daily GH
(0.38 mg/kg/w), and untreated control. The efficacy and
safety data were analyzed. Seventy-five TS cases with the age 7.9±2.9
years and the bone age 6.8±2.8 years were recruited. In year 1: The
change of height standard deviation score (ΔHtSDS) and height velocity
(HV) in Group 2 were comparable to Group 3, both two groups were higher than
Group 1. ΔHtSDS and HV in all GH treatment group were higher than
untreated group. IGF1 increased in all treatment groups, only 4 cases had
IGF1>3 SD. In year 2: ΔHtSDS and HV in Group 2 and 3 were
comparable. Five cases had IGF1>3 SD. Correlation analysis for LAGH
efficacy at year 1 indicated that baseline variables correlated with
ΔHtSDS include: GH dose, CA (chronological age), and bone age (BA). The
HV was positively correlated with baseline GH dose, HtSDS, IGF-1SDS and
negatively correlated with baseline CA, BA, and BMI. No GH-related serious
adverse effects were observed. The high-dose LAGH treatment in TS patients is
effective and safe as daily GH for 2 years. The favorable prognosis factors
include sufficient GH dose and early treatment. IGF1 monitoring and weight
control are important.
Association of Changes in Thickness of Limbal Epithelial and Stroma with Corneal Scars Detected by High-Resolution Anterior Segment Optic Coherence Tomography
Authors: Guclu Hande , Sattarpanah Samira , Gurlu Vuslat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim To investigate the corneal central and limbal thickness in cornea scar patients using high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and to determine the changes in the limbal region due to the corneal scar. Also, to evaluate tear film parameters in scar patients.
Methods Thirty patients with central corneal scar and 30 control subjects. The control subjects were healthy individuals who came to our clinic for routine ophthalmological examination. They were enrolled in this matched case-control study. Central epithelial thickness (ET), stromal thickness (ST), limbal epithelial thickness (LET), and limbal stromal thickness (LST) were analyzed using high-resolution AS-OCT. For evaluation of the ocular surface, the following techniques were used: tear break-up time (BUT) employing standard sterile strips of fluorescein sodium, Schirmer test-I (SCH), and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire.
Results The mean central ET of the patient group was 51.5 ± 12.4 µm, while the mean central ET of the control group was 59.2 ± 9.0 µm. There was a statistically significant difference between patients and controls (p = 0.008). The mean LST of the patients was 747.9 ± 115.7 µm, and the mean LST of the controls was 726.3 ± 79.7 µm. There was a statistically significant difference between patients and controls according to BUT (p = 0.009) and SCH (p = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference between OSDI results of patients and controls (p = 0.08).
Conclusion Corneal monitoring with high-resolution AS-OCT is a simple, noninvasive, useful technique for corneal scar patients. Cornea scars cause decreased ET. This result could be associated with lower tear film parameters in scar patients. The scar length is associated with higher intraocular pressure (IOP) values. Decreased LET and increased LST were detected in scar patients.
One-Pot Syntheses of Substituted 2-Aminothiazoles and 2-Aminoselenazoles via Meerwein Arylation of Alkyl Vinyl Ketones
Authors: Ostapiuk Yurii V. , Schmidt Andreas , Ostapiuk Mary Y. , Barabash Oksana V. , Kravets Mykola , Herzberger Colin , Namyslo Jan C. , Obushak Mykola D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBoth one-pot and two-step procedures for the synthesis of substituted 2-aminothiazoles and 2-aminoselenazoles are described. Anilines are first converted into arenediazonium bromides, which are then reacted with methyl vinyl ketone or cyclopropyl vinyl ketone in the presence of copper(II) bromide to give 4-aryl-3-bromobutan-2-ones (40–71%) and 3-aryl-2-bromo-1-cyclopropylpropan-1-ones (41–79%), respectively. These products are reacted, without prior isolation, with thiourea or selenourea to prepare 4-methyl- and 4-cyclopropyl-5-(R-benzyl)thiazol-2-amines (14 examples) and their selenium analogs (14 examples). The yields of the one-pot procedure are higher (40–81%) than those of the two-step procedure (32–70%).
A Study of Muscular Objective Tinnitus Caused by the Eustachian Tube
Authors: Mizuta Kunihiro , Endo Shiori , Arai Maki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective tinnitus that originates in muscles can be heard by others as well as by the patient. Although there have been many reports of objective tinnitus, each report has been limited to a small number of cases that have varied from one another, with some being accompanied by such findings as voluntary and/or involuntary movement of the soft palate and eardrum, as well by blinking, and the etiology has remained unclear. We analyzed 16 cases of objective tinnitus synchronous with the opening and closing of the eustachian tube. The voluntary and involuntary movements of the soft palate and eardrum were consistent with the findings in previous reports. The 16 cases included 11 cases of patulous eustachian tube and in 10 of them the patient voluntary induced tinnitus to prevent the symptoms of a patulous eustachian tube. These patients created an opportunity to close the patulous eustachian tube by repeating opening and closing. The sound of the opening and closing of the eustachian tube became an objective tinnitus. The tinnitus was heard only voluntary in seven cases and voluntary and involuntarily in nine cases; one of patients was tentatively diagnosed with middle ear myoclonus and another was diagnosed with pharyngolaryngeal myoclonus. Patulous eustachian tube was first described as one of the causes of objective tinnitus. We speculated that the soft palate and eardrum movements were initially voluntary, but that some of them became involuntarily. If this involuntary movement is seen at the time of examination, it may be diagnosed as myoclonus. Psychological factors may be involved in the transitions from voluntary to involuntary, but further research will be necessary to assess this possibility.
Two-level gas laser with transverse diode pumping
Authors: Parkhomenko A.I. , Shalagin A.M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We theoretically study a new method for generating laser radiation by a two-level system without population inversion in the ‘red’ wing of its spectral line under resonant absorption of broadband radiation from pump laser diodes. A two-level system simulates the atoms of an active gas in an atmosphere of a high-pressure buffer gas. The effect results from the fact that in the ‘red’ wing of the spectral line, the probability of stimulated emission exceeds the probability of absorption if the homogeneous broadening due to the interaction of particles with the buffer gas significantly exceeds the natural one (at high pressures of the buffer gas). Analytical formulae are obtained that describe the operation of a two-level gas laser with transverse diode pumping. It is found that the longer the active medium, the higher the buffer gas pressure and pump radiation intensity, and the smaller the width of the pump radiation spectrum, the greater the efficiency of conversion of pump radiation into laser radiation. In a sufficiently long active medium (the length of the medium is 50 times its width), the conversion efficiency can reach 44 % at a buffer gas pressure of 5 atm, a pump diode radiation intensity of 3 kW cm−2, and a half-width of its spectrum of 1 cm−1. A two-level gas laser with transverse diode pumping is capable of generating continuous optical radiation with a very high (up to 100 kW) power. The frequency of laser radiation can be tuned by several tens of cm−1.
Specific features of radiation flux formation in diode-pumped lasers and amplifiers with active elements made of Nd : YAG ceramics
Authors: Bogdanovich M.V. , Dudikov V.N. , Lepchenkov K.V. , Loiko V.A. , Popov Yu.M. , Ryabtsev A.G. , Ryabtsev G.I. , Shpak P.V. , Shchemelev M.A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of the output radiation of diode-pumped laser systems and optical amplifiers with active elements made of Nd : YAG ceramics are studied. It is shown that the divergence of radiation in the subthreshold regime has the form of concentric nested cones emerging from the active element (AE) faces at angles of 2 – 4 °. A model explaining the experimentally observed phenomenon is proposed based on the mechanism of scattering of the generated beam from the granular structure of the optical ceramics. Analysis of the divergence pattern makes it possible to estimate the grain size and the optical quality of ceramics. The output beam divergence in the lasing regime is determined mainly by the cavity parameters and does not exceed several milliradians. The scattering events in this case serve as sources of additional optical losses. Luminescence enhancement and parasitic oscillations in the AE volume restrict the possibility of using Nd : YAG ceramics for fabricating AEs of high-power optical amplifiers.
Generation and dynamics of wave packets with a large phase modulation depth
Authors: Abramov A.S. , Zolotovskii I.O. , Korobko D.A. , Kamynin V.A. , Ribenek V.A. , Fotiadi A.A. , Tsarev V.S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the generation of high-frequency picosecond pulse trains as a result of modulation instability of wave packets with a large phase modulation depth and small amplitude modulation depth. We demonstrate that intermediate amplification of such wave packets and subsequent phase-to-amplitude modulation conversion lead to the formation of pulses with peak powers orders of magnitude higher than their initial power. The corresponding pulse generators can be used to generate a line spectrum.
Superluminescence in the phonon wing of the photoluminescence spectrum of NV centres in diamond optically pumped at λ = 532 nm
Authors: Lipatov E.I. , Genin D.E. , Shulepov M.A. , Tel’minov E.N. , Savvin A.D. , Eliseev A.P. , Vins V.G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Superluminescence of NV centres with a band peaking at λ = 718 nm in the phonon wing of the photoluminescence spectrum of a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) diamond sample under pulsed optical excitation at λ = 532 nm with an intensity of 2 – 46 MW cm−2 is demonstrated. Superluminescence is observed in the diamond crystal region containing 6 ppm NV centres and 150 ppm substituent nitrogen; it is absent in the crystal part with a lower nitrogen content. Superluminescence pulses are observed on the leading edge of the optical excitation pulse at λ = 532 nm and have an FWHM value of 4 ns. The enhancement of the photoluminescence of NV centres is suggested to be due to the total internal reflection in the diamond plate (waveguide effect).