bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of multiple scattering on diffracted transition radiation of a relativistic electron crossing a single crystal target
Authors: Blazhevich S.V. , Noskov A.V. , Fedoseev A.E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the influence of multiple scattering
of a relativistic electron on diffracted transition radiation (DTR),
which arises when this particle crosses a single-crystal target in
the Bragg scattering geometry. For this case we have obtained the
expressions describing the angular density of DTR both with and
without allowance for multiple scattering of the relativistic
electron in the target. The paper shows that the multiple scattering
leads to a significant increase in the DTR angular density at low
energies of the electron.
Hierarchical structure in the trace formula*
Authors: Keating J P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Guztwiller’s trace formula is central to the semiclassical theory of quantum energy levels and spectral statistics in classically chaotic systems. Motivated by recent developments in random matrix theory and number theory, we elucidate a hierarchical structure in the way periodic orbits contribute to the trace formula that has implications for the value distribution of spectral determinants in quantum chaotic systems.
Reliability of using LS-VCE computation in Deriving Variances for Multi-Classes Dataset
Authors: Zulkifli Akram , Abbas Mohd Azwan , Hashim Norshahrizan Mohd , Mustafar Mohamad Asrul , Abdullah Ashraf 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Stochastic modelling (SM) plays an essential role in least-squares adjustment (LSA), especially for geodetic network data processing. Estimated variances derived from SM are vital factors in determining the reliability of the computed parameter vectors and ensuring the sensitivity of adjustment outcomes toward outliers. As there are multi-source of datasets consisting various of data quality, there is still room for improvement when positional accuracy becomes the main priority. Concerning the accuracy argument, legacy datasets that were exploited in establishing the National Digital Cadastral Database (NDCDB) were obtained from multi-classes of measurement (i.e., first, second and third classes). Taking into account this condition, this research has investigated the capability of stochastic modelling to preserve the positional accuracy of land records that comprehends from multi-classes data quality. To achieve that, the algorithm of Least Squares Variance Component Estimator (LSVCE) was employed in estimating realistic variances. First and second classes measurement were yielded from three (3) certified plans (CPs) which are CP93887, CP80333, and CP33758. Comparison between the adjusted results computed from the combined and separated variance according to data classes have demonstrated that combined variance can detect outliers while separated variance can give realistic adjustment results. From these outcomes, the experiments verified that a hybrid solution is needed for both data classes in order to preserve positional accuracy. In conclusion, to ensure the accuracy of survey data in the future, a proper variance component is needed to improve the coordinated cadastral database.
Walkability Index in Pasir Gudang by using GIS
Authors: Ahmad Akmal Azizi , Naharudin Nabilah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Walkability is defined as the level of comfort of an environment can be provided to people so they can walk to their destination. Walkability also supports community health, safety, liveability and reduce car dependence. Walkability is vital due to urban growth and the increased number of vehicle used. Walkable city promotes the residents to walk more in their neighbourhood. In addition to that, a walkable city promotes an active transportation in the era that seems to be very much car reliance. This study aims to measure the Walkability Index in the city of Pasir Gudang while addressing a question; i) How can the Walkability Index be measured? Hence, a new index was developed to address the question. The Walkability Index is calculated for every neighbourhood in Pasir Gudang by using the 3D criteria, Dwelling Density, Land Use Diversity, and Intersection Density. The index was classified into five categories from the lowest to the highest index.
Effects of feeding pressures on the flowfield structures of three-dimensional film cooling
Authors: Zhao Xinhai , Yi Shihe , Mi Qi , Ding Haolin , He Lin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A Mach 2.6 annular supersonic nozzle was designed to protect a hypersonic cone. The annular nozzle is able produce tangential cooling film around the cone. Experiments were carried out in a hypersonic wind tunnel under different cooling film feeding pressures and different attack angles. Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) was used to measure surface temperature of the cone body; schlieren method was applied to visualize the flow structures. TSP results showed that cooling film can obviously decrease surface heating load, but its efficiency was influenced by the angle of attack. Schlieren results showed that the shape of upper-lip shock wave is similar to an arc, and the reflected shock wave is more closer to a straight line; both the tilt rate of upper-lip shock wave and the reflected shock wave were increased exponentially with the rise of feeding pressure; a higher feeding pressure resulted in a larger curvature of upper-lip shock wave; compared with reflected shock wave, upper-lip shock wave and shearing layer were more easily affected by the feeding pressure. With higher feeding pressure, incidence point was moved to the further downstream location, and a fitting formula is given to express the relationship between the position of the shock wave incidence point and the feeding pressure.
Color-tunable photoluminescence and persistent luminescence in a single LiYGeO4:Tb3+ phosphor
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Xinjie , Liu Shuang , Mei Tianjian , Fan Ying , Kang Lihua , Xin Fangyun , Xing Mingming , Fu Yao , Luo Xixian , Tian Ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Persistent luminescence (PerL) phosphors have been widely applied in many advanced applications in the field of emergency lighting, safety signage, and ornaments. Recently, the PerL phosphors based on germanates have attracted great attention owing to their excellent PerL performance. However, the design and development of excellent germanates-based PerL materials with full spectral emissions remain challenging due to the lack of color-tunable PerL, especially in the blue and green regions (400–600 nm). Herein, we develop a new type of Tb3+-activated LiYGeO4 PerL phosphor with real-time adjusting the photoluminescence (PL) and PerL color, which can be effectively excited by a 254 UV light. Both blue and green PerL are realized simultaneously in a single phosphor. When LiYGeO4:Tb3+ doped with lower concentrations of Tb3+ ions, phosphors emit blue PL and PerL. With increasing Tb3+ concentration, the PL and PerL colors of LiYGeO4:Tb3+ PerL phosphor are gradually regulated from blue to green. Besides, LiYGeO4:Tb3+ exhibits temperature-dependent luminescence property, whose PL and PerL colors can also be successively widely tuned by various temperature. This stable and tunable color in real-time PL and PerL property promote the as-designed LiYGeO4:Tb3+ phosphor to have potential applications in advanced anti-counterfeiting and display devices.
Prediction of VMAT delivery accuracy using plan modulation complexity score and log-files analysis
Authors: Viola Pietro , Romano Carmela , Craus Maurizio , Macchia Gabriella , Buwenge Milly , Indovina Luca , Valentini Vincenzo , Morganti Alessio G , Deodato Francesco , Cilla Savino 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model based on plan complexity metrics and linac log-files analysis to classify the dosimetric accuracy of VMAT plans. A total of 612 VMAT plans, corresponding to 1224 arcs, were analyzed. All VMAT arcs underwent pre-treatment verification that was performed by means of the dynamic log-files generated by the linac. The comparison of predicted (by TPS) and measured (by log-files) integral fluences was performed using γ-analysis in terms of the percentage of points with γ-value smaller than one (γ%) and using a stringent 2%(local)/2 mm criteria. This γ-analysis was performed by a commercial software LinacWatch. The action limits (AL) were derived from the mean values, standard deviations and the confidence limit (CL) of the γ% distribution. A plan complexity metric, the modulation complexity score (MCS), based on the aperture beam area variability and leaf sequence variability was used as input variable of the model. A binary logistic regression (LR) model was developed to classify QA results as ‘pass’ (γ% ≥ AL) or ‘fail’ (γ% < AL). Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal MCS threshold to flag ‘failed’ plans that need to be re-optimized. The model reliability was evaluated stratifying the plans in training, validation and testing groups. The confidence and action limits for γ% were found 20.1% and 79.9%, respectively. The accuracy of the model for the training and testing dataset was 97.4% and 98.0%, respectively. The optimal MCS threshold value for the identification of failed plans was 0.142, providing a true positive rate able to flag the plans failing QA of 91%. In clinical routine, the use of this MCS threshold may allow the prompt identification of overly modulated plans, then reducing the number of QA failures and improving the quality of VMAT plans used for treatment.
Emerging hot spot analysis to indicate forest conservation priorities and efficacy on regional to continental scales: a study of forest change in Selva Maya 2000–2020
Authors: Cuba Nicholas , Sauls Laura A , Bebbington Anthony J , Bebbington Denise Humphreys , Chicchon Avecita , Marimón Pilar Delpino , Diaz Oscar , Hecht Susanna , Kandel Susan , Osborne Tracey , Ray Rebecca , Rivera Madelyn , Rogan John , Zalles Viviana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite the importance of preserving contiguous tropical forest areas to maintain biodiversity and terrestrial carbon stocks, methodological challenges continue to hinder broad-scale analysis of threats to these forests. Emerging Hot Spot Analysis (EHSA) is a spatial-statistical method that conveys complex information about the temporal dynamics of deforestation across a range of moderate to coarse spatial scales. Using Global Forest Change (GFC) data as inputs, EHSA produces spatially comprehensive, gridded outputs that represent a standardized, reproduceable way to instantiate contiguous forest tracts as spatial objects. Doing so allows aggregation of other GFC-derived values and analysis of alternative geographic configurations besides sub-national jurisdictions or protected areas, which can limit observation of finer scale variations. This paper illustrates the method’s utility to comprehensively characterize the magnitude and temporality of pressures facing the Selva Maya, a transboundary forest region with extensive areas under conservation that covers portions of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize.
Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among Residents of US Nursing Homes Before and During the Delta Variant Predominance, December 2020–November 2021
Authors: Hatfield Kelly M , Baggs James , Wolford Hannah , Fang Michael , Sattar Ammarah A , Montgomery Kelsey S , Jin Steven , Jernigan John , Pilishvili Tamara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Residents of nursing homes experience disproportionate morbidity and mortality related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and were prioritized for vaccine introduction. We evaluated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among nursing home residents.

Methods
We used a retrospective cohort of 4315 nursing home residents during 14 December 2020–9 November 2021. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios comparing residents with a completed vaccination series with unvaccinated among those with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, by vaccine product, and by time period.

Results
Overall adjusted VE was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44% to 69%) among residents without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. During the pre-Delta period, the VE within 150 days of receipt of the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech (67%; 95% CI, 40% to 82%) and Moderna (75%; 95% CI, 32% to 91%) was similar. During the Delta period, VE measured &gt;150 days after the second dose was 33% (95% CI, −2% to 56%) for Pfizer-BioNTech and 77% (95% CI, 48% to 91%) for Moderna. Rates of infection were 78% lower (95% CI, 67% to 85%) among residents with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and completed vaccination series compared with unvaccinated residents without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccines were effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among nursing home residents, and history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provided additional protection. Maintaining high coverage of recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines remains a critical tool for preventing infections in nursing homes.
Duration of Protection After Vaccination Against Yellow Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kling Kerstin , Domingo Cristina , Bogdan Christian , Duffy Steven , Harder Thomas , Howick Jeremy , Kleijnen Jos , McDermott Kevin , Wichmann Ole , Wilder-Smith Annelies , Wolff Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The duration of protection after a single dose of yellow fever vaccine is a matter of debate. To summarize the current knowledge, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Studies on the duration of protection after 1 and ≥2 vaccine doses were reviewed. Data were stratified by time since vaccination. In our meta-analysis, we used random-effects models. We identified 36 studies from 20 countries, comprising more than 17 000 participants aged 6 months to 85 years. Among healthy adults and children, pooled seroprotection rates after single vaccination dose were close to 100% by 3 months and remained high in adults for 5 to 10 years. In children vaccinated before age 2 years, the seroprotection rate was 52% within 5 years after primary vaccination. For immunodeficient persons, data indicate relevant waning. The extent of waning of seroprotection after yellow fever vaccination depends on age and immune status at primary vaccination.
A Systematic Review of Crohn’s Disease Case Definitions in Administrative or Claims Databases
Authors: Hutfless Susan , Jasper Ryan A , Tilak Aman , Ghosh Tamoghna , Kedia Saurabh , Liu Simon , Urrunaga Nathalie H , Josephson Matthew , Narang Arshit , Miller Steve , Chen Po-Hung , Joseph Shelly , Brant Steven R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
We sought to review Crohn’s disease (CD) case definitions that use diagnosis, procedure, and medication claims.

Methods
We searched PubMed and Embase from inception through January 31, 2022, using terms related to CD, inflammatory bowel disease, administrative claims, or validity. Each article was scrutinized by 2 authors independently screening and abstracting data. Collected data included participant characteristics, case definition characteristics, and case definition validity. When diagnostic accuracy was provided for multiple case definitions, we extracted the case definition selected by the authors. All diagnostic accuracy characteristics were captured.

Results
We identified 30 studies that evaluated a case definition using claims data to identify CD patients. The most common case definition included counts of diagnosis codes (57%) followed by a combination of diagnosis codes and medications (20%). All but 1 study validated the case definition with a medical chart review. In 2 studies, the patient’s primary care provider completed a survey to confirm disease status. The positive predictive value of the case definitions ranged from 18% (≥1 code at a single U.S. health plan) to 100% (≥1 code plus a relevant prescription at a U.S. hospital). More complex case definitions (eg, ≥1 code + prescription or ≥2 codes) had lower variability in positive predictive value (≥80%) and specificity (≥85%) than the ≥1 code requirement.

Conclusions
Health services researchers should validate case definitions in their research cohorts. When such validation cannot be performed, we recommend using a more complex case definition. Studies without a validated CD case definition should use sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of their results.
A spatial analysis of longline survey data for improved indices of Atlantic halibut abundance
Authors: Luo Jiaxin , McDonald Raphaël R , Wringe Brendan F , den Heyer Cornelia E , Smith Bruce , Yan Yuan , Mills Flemming Joanna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) support an economically important fishery on the eastern coast of Canada. Like other species that are not well sampled by trawl surveys, halibut in this area are monitored using longline surveys. These surveys present challenges that can make obtaining indices of abundance difficult. Issues include gear saturation, which can result in a non-linear relationship between catch per unit effort and local abundance. The current approach to obtain a relative index consists of fitting a multinomial exponential model to a subset of hooks from each survey station. While this approach accounts for hook competition, it does not account for the presence of spatial patterns. We therefore extend the multinomial exponential model to include spatial random fields for both Atlantic halibut and non-target species, set-specific soak time, and data from the hooks. Furthermore, we propose a method for aggregating the resulting spatially varying indices to obtain an annual index for the entirety of the modelled area. This novel approach identifies Atlantic halibut hotspots in multiple years, while simultaneously providing relative abundance indices for 2017 through 2020. These outcomes demonstrate the widespread applicability of our methods for improving the scientific advice upon which fisheries management decisions are based.
Risk factors and prognostic significance of postoperative complications following lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: results of the multicenter lateral node study in China
Authors: Zhou Sicheng , Tang Jianqiang , Mei Shiwen , Lou Zheng , Fu Wei , Feng Bo , Yang Yingchi , Sun Yi , Liu Qian ,   the Chinese Lateral Node Collaborative Group
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
Total mesorectal excision (TME) plus lateral pelvic lymph node (LPN) dissection (LPND) is a technically complex and challenging procedure with higher morbidity than TME alone. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for postoperative complications after TME + LPND, and the impact of complications on patient prognosis.

Methods
A total of 387 rectal cancer patients with clinical LPN metastasis (LPNM) who underwent TME + LPND at three institutions affiliated with the Chinese Lateral Node Collaborative Group were included. Logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for post-surgical complications, and the log-rank test was used to compare the prognosis. Severe complications were described as grade III-V.

Results
The incidence rates of overall complications and severe complications after TME + LPND were 15.2% (59/387) and 7.8% (30/387), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that a duration of operation ≥260 min was an independent risk factor for both overall (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.57–5.85, P = 0.001) and severe postoperative complications (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.06–6.73, P = 0.037). The development of overall postoperative complications (P = 0.114) and severe postoperative complications (P = 0.298) had no significant impact on the overall survival. However, patients with overall complications (P = 0.015) or severe complications (P = 0.031) with a postoperative hospital stay &gt;30 days had significantly an overall worse survival.

Conclusion
A surgical duration of ≥260 min is a significant risk factor for both overall and severe postoperative complications after TME + LPND for middle-low rectal cancer. Furthermore, the development of overall complications or severe complications that require a postoperative hospital stay &gt;30 days significantly worsens the prognosis.
Continuing maintenance temozolomide therapy beyond 12 cycles confers no clinical benefit over discontinuation at 12 cycles in patients with IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma
Authors: Ohno Makoto , Miyakita Yasuji , Takahashi Masamichi , Yanagisawa Shunsuke , Tamura Yukie , Narita Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
The optimal duration of maintenance temozolomide therapy is controversial. We aimed to examine the clinical benefits of continuing temozolomide therapy beyond 12 cycles in patients with glioblastoma.

Methods
We included 41 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2-wildtype glioblastoma, who received 12 or more cycles of temozolomide therapy between June 2006 and December 2019. We evaluated the outcome between 16 patients who continued temozolomide therapy beyond 12 cycles up to 24 cycles (≥13 cycles group) and 25 patients wherein temozolomide therapy was discontinued at 12 cycles (12 cycles group).

Results
The median progression-free survival and survival time after completing 12 cycles (residual progression-free survival and residual overall survival) did not differ between the 12 cycles group and ≥13 cycles group (residual progression-free survival: 11.3 vs. 9.2 months, P = 0.61, residual overall survival: 25.7 vs. 30.2 months, P = 0.76). Multivariate analysis including temozolomide therapy beyond 12 cycles, age at 12 cycles, Karnofsky performance status at 12 cycles, residual tumor at 12 cycles, maintenance therapy regimen and O-6-methylguanine deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase promoter methylation status revealed that extended temozolomide therapy beyond 12 cycles was not correlated with residual progression-free survival and residual overall survival (P = 0.80 and P = 0.41, respectively) but Karnofsky performance status at 12 cycles ≥80 was significantly associated with increased residual overall survival (P = 0.0012).

Conclusions
Continuing temozolomide beyond 12 cycles confers no clinical benefit over the discontinuation of temozolomide at 12 cycles. Karnofsky performance status at 12 cycles ≥80 may serve as a novel predictive factor for long-term survival.