bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate site visits, private information communication, and earnings management: evidence from China
Authors: Jiang Yu , Lei Adrian C.H. , Wang Tao , Li Chuntao 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to provide new evidence that corporate site visits give institutional investors better opportunities to obtain information and exert monitoring powers, which reduce listed firms’ earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores how private communications affect firms’ earnings management by using a sample of institutional investors’ visits to the corporate sites of Chinese listed firms between 2010 and 2018. This study uses the performance-matched Jones model (Kothari et al., 2005) to measure accrual-based earnings management and Roychowdhury’s (2006) method to measure real earnings management. The authors also perform several robustness checks including an alternative measure of accounting accruals, a two-stage instrumental regression and the Heckman two-step approach.

Findings
Using a sample of institutional investors’ site visits to Chinese listed firms during the 2010–2018 period, this study finds that institutional investors’ site visits reduce listed firms’ earnings manipulation activities (both accrual-based and real). This association is robust to several checks, including an alternative measure of accounting accruals, a two-stage instrumental regression and the Heckman two-step approach. This study further documents that other private communication approaches such as private in-house meetings and conference calls moderate the effect of site visits.

Practical implications
As the Shenzhen Stock Exchange is one of the few stock markets to mandate that listed firms record and disclose their private communication information, this study also has implications for researchers and policymakers who work in other stock markets.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive study of the impact of private communications on earnings management. This study extends the earnings management literature by examining institutional investors’ information acquisition process and revealing a negative association between their site visits and listed firms’ earnings management. Moreover, this study examines the effects not only on traditional accounting accruals but also on real earnings management. In addition to studies that emphasize the effect of corporate site visits on individuals and market reactions, this study examines the effect of site visits on firms’ financial misbehavior. This study shows that institutional investors’ corporate site visits provide external monitoring that mitigates listed firms’ earnings management behavior.
Development of the learning disability physical activity questionnaire (LDPAQ)
Authors: Pakravan Amir , Ghazirad Marjan , Shaddel Farshad 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
People with learning disabilities can be affected by complex health needs and their life expectancy is significantly reduced. Physical activity has a role in enhancing quality of life and better management of multiple health issues in this population especially if they are individually tailored to the service users’ abilities and care needs. Considering the complexities of communication, there is a need for a specific physical activity assessment tool in people with learning disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
A multidisciplinary team of experts devised the Learning Disability Physical Activity Questionnaire (LDPAQ) as a tool to measure physical activity. The tool was tested within community and inpatient settings.

Findings
An easy-read, picture-based, self-reported and concise questionnaire with options relevant to people with learning disabilities was developed. Feedback from the audit confirmed ease of use and high levels of respondent satisfaction. A small-scale audit of the tool also confirmed the need for promoting physical activity within this population.

Originality/value
The LDPAQ is a novel questionnaire that aims to be a universally applicable tool for the assessment of physical activity status in people with learning disabilities. It is designed to be used by people with learning disabilities themselves, professionals and organisations. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of this tool.
The multiperspectival nature of place names: Ewenki mobility, river naming, and relationships with animals, spirits, and landscapes
Authors: Mamontova Nadezhda , Thornton Thomas F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article examines the process of production and change of place names based on data collected in 2017 among the Okhotsk Ewenki, the easternmost Indigenous community in Siberia, Russia. Through ethnographic and semiotic analysis, we show that Ewenki place names are not simply reproduced, but rather generated and transformed through empathic contact and engagement within a semiotic circle of shared knowledge and praxis among humans and other beings encountered, especially in ambulatory travel. We consider place names as complex signs which evolve from landscape, mobility as a spatial practice, and relationships with nonhuman beings. Through ecosemiotics and nonhuman ontology, we examine how the concept of shifting landscapes and interactions with different environmental agents, especially animals, contribute to the production of space and place names and their changes. We also show that the responsible voicing of the land with place names is related to Ewenki understandings of territorial prerogatives, and rights, which are perceived as being shared with other beings.
Preparation and characterization of the dimethyl sulfide‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex
Authors: Zhu Guangyong , Jin Yudie , Xiao Zuobing , Zhu Guangxu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDimethyl sulfide has been widely used in flavors and can also be used as a solvent and catalyst. However, dimethyl sulfide is volatile, and its lasting power is weak. Furthermore, dimethyl sulfide is insoluble in water and is unstable in some cases. This study concentrated on the encapsulation of dimethyl sulfide in β‐cyclodextrin to form an inclusion complex and to improve the durability, water solubility, and stability of dimethyl sulfide. The product was successfully produced and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, diffraction of X‐rays, and thermal analysis. The dimethyl sulfide loading capacity is 6.40±0.08%. Based on the thermal release characteristics of dimethyl sulfide, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were obtained. The apparent activation energy, pre‐exponential factor, and reaction order of the dimethyl sulfide release reaction were obtained and the values were 95.0 ± 0.1 kJ/mol, 1.03 × 1015 s–1, and 1, respectively. The activation entropy change, activation enthalpy change, and activation Gibbs free energy change were 41.6 J/K, 95.0 kJ/mol, and 81.3 kJ/mol, respectively, during the process of dimethyl sulfide release at 56.7℃. To make it clear that the dimethyl sulfide molecule interacts with β‐cyclodextrin molecule, molecular simulation was used to investigate the formation process of the dimethyl sulfide‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The binding energy and the optimized structure were obtained. When the Z coordinate of the S atom in the dimethyl sulfide molecule is 1.1 × 10–10 m, the binding energy attained the minimum value, −51.3 kJ/mol. These basic data are helpful for understanding the dimethyl sulfide‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex formation mechanism and the interaction between dimethyl sulfide and β‐cyclodextrin.Practical ApplicationBy forming an inclusion complex with β‐cyclodextrin, the stability, durability, and water solubility of dimethyl sulfide can be improved. Dimethyl sulfide‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex can be widely used in the food, beverage, flavor, and fragrance industries. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, binding energy, and the results of molecular simulation are helpful to understand the dimethyl sulfide‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex formation mechanism and the interaction between dimethyl sulfide and β‐cyclodextrin.
Niche partitioning via host plants and altitude among fruit flies following the invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Hassani Issa Mze , Delatte Hélène , Ravaomanarivo Lala Harivelo Raveloson , Nouhou Salima , Duyck Pierre‐François 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Invasions by exotic species in areas already occupied by related species may lead to extinction or niche partitioning. Bactrocera dorsalis has invaded the Comoros archipelago in 2005 where other tephritids were already present.
The host ranges of fruit flies in the Comoros were studied by conducting a seven‐year survey on the three islands of the archipelago with a substantial sampling effort comprising 91 plant species from 37 families.
The results showed that 45 fruit species in 16 families were infested by tephritid species. Eight fruit fly species were detected in the sampled fruits, but 78% of the individuals were identified as B. dorsalis, confirming its dominance and polyphagous status.
More than ten years after its invasion, B. dorsalis has replaced Ceratitis capitata as the dominant fruit fly species on several species such as mango and citrus. The coexistence between B. dorsalis and C. capitata seems possible due to the capacity of the latter to exploit different niches, i.e. higher altitudinal ranges and a few host fruit species (among which, chillies and coffee berries) constituting a refuge niche.
Information about coexistence between B. dorsalis and other tephritids is useful for the management and better estimates of invasion risks and associated biosecurity measures.
Examining a rural Victorian community's knowledge and help seeking behaviour for family violence and the role of the local public health service
Authors: Kelly Peter , Field Michael , Payne Ruth , Giallo Rebecca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe rates of family violence within some rural communities are higher than that of metropolitan areas. The extent to which these rural communities know about and access family violence support services is not well understood. Local health services often play a role in providing information and support for community members at risk of, or experiencing family violence. For a rural community in Victoria, the study aimed to: (a) determine community members' knowledge of family violence services, (b) explore community members' help seeking behaviour for family violence, (c) identify perceived barriers and enabling factors to accessing family violence services and (d) explore community members' expectations of, and preferences for, family violence support provided by local health services.DesignA cross‐sectional, anonymous, mixed‐methods online survey.SettingA rural community in Victoria's Western District, Australia.ParticipantsNinety‐nine residents, over 18 years of age.ResultsThe majority of respondents had been exposed to family violence. There were varying knowledge levels of family violence support services as well as a number of barriers identified that directly impacted community members seeking help. There were clear expectations about the role of the local health service in family violence identification and response.ConclusionThere are particular challenges for rural communities in providing support for family violence. Valuable insights can be gained from local communities about their knowledge of services and help seeking behaviours. Evidence generated by this study will inform future strategic planning for family violence services and the local health service.
Encoding of spatial patterns using electrotactile stimulation via a multi‐pad electrode placed on the torso
Authors: Jure Fabricio A. , Spaich Erika G. , Malešević Jovana , Kostić Miloš , Štrbac Matija , Došen Strahinja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTactile stimulation can be used to convey information to a user in different scenarios while avoiding overloading other senses. Tactile messages can be transmitted as spatial patterns, potentially allowing for a high information throughput. The aim of the present study was to design and test different encoding schemes to determine the best approach for conveying spatial patterns.MethodsEncoding schemes with simultaneous (SIM) and sequential pad activation (SEQ) were evaluated, including four SEQ variants designed to potentially facilitate the recognition. In SEQ‐col and SEQ‐row, the column and row of the activated pad were signified using different frequencies, while SEQ‐all and SEQ‐all‐fast included the activation of all pads where those belonging to the pattern were indicated by changes in frequency (ON pads). The success rate (SR) of the pattern identification and the response time were quantified in 15 participants who recognized 20 patterns delivered through a 3 × 2 pad matrix placed on the lateral torso.ResultsSIM was not a feasible method to present the patterns (median, 15%; IQR, 5%). The SR improved with SEQ (median, 60%; IQR, 20%) and further increased with additional cues, particularly with SEQ‐row (median, 78.3%; IQR, 23.3%) and SEQ‐all (median, 96.7%; IQR, 5%). Importantly, the stimulation time of SEQ‐all could be decreased without a substantial drop in accuracy (SEQ‐all‐fast: median, 89.2%; IQR, 19.2%).ConclusionsThe spatiotemporal stimulation with sequential activation of all pads (SEQ‐all) seems to be the method of choice when conveying tactile messages as spatial patterns. This is an important outcome for increasing the information bandwidth of communication through the tactile channel.
Discussion on “Spatial+: a novel approach to spatial confounding” by Emiko Dupont, Simon N. Wood, and Nicole H. Augustin
Authors: Papadogeorgou Georgia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractI congratulate Dupont, Wood, and Augustin (DWA hereon) for providing an easy‐to‐implement method for estimation in the presence of spatial confounding, and for addressing some of the complicated aspects on the topic. I discuss conceptual and operational issues that are fundamental to inference in spatial settings: (i) the target quantity and its interpretability, (ii) the nonspatial aspect of covariates and their relative spatial scales, and (iii) the impact of spatial smoothing. While DWA provide some insights on these issues, I believe that the audience might benefit from a deeper discussion.
Termite diversity is resilient to land‐use change along a forest‐cocoa intensification gradient in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Quansah Gabriel Willie , Adu‐Bredu Stephen , Logah Vincent , Malhi Yadvinder , Eggleton Paul , Parr Catherine L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCocoa is an important crop for Ghana's economy, contributing 25% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The crop, however, is mainly cultivated on forest‐derived soils and is a major cause of land‐use change. Termites are an important biological component of tropical ecosystems providing numerous ecosystem services. Previous studies have indicated that termites are sensitive to forest disturbance and decrease in richness and abundance across land‐use intensification gradients, with consequences for the essential services that they provide. Native shade trees are often used to improve cocoa cultivation and may reduce the detrimental effects of land‐use change on some aspects of biodiversity. The aim of this study was therefore to explore how termites respond to land‐use change along a shade‐tree gradient in Kakum National Park and surrounding cocoa farms in Ghana (from forest at 80% tree cover to cocoa with no shade cover, to the extreme of cultivated arable crop land). It was predicted that termite richness and abundance would decrease with decreasing shade cover, and with increasing distance from the forest edge. Thirty‐four species from 29 genera were sampled, with Ancistrotermes crucifer being found in all the locations (47% of all encounters). Species richness and abundance differed marginally across the land‐use gradient, as well as the distance from the forest edge; however, species richness did not show any significance with distance. All the same, termite communities were robust to the disturbance. Our findings suggest that though site influenced species richness and abundance, cocoa trees can play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and environmental quality in an agricultural landscape by providing a habitat for forest species that are not found in pastures or farm fields. However, we caution that the relatively low forest baseline of existing forest diversity may inflate the value of cocoa land, with those forests no longer representing undisturbed natural habitats: this highlights that shifting baselines may need to be accounted for when interpreting findings in the Anthropocene.
Direct and indirect plant defenses reduce damage by a generalist but not by a specialist pod borer
Authors: Pareja Martín , Rezende Luiz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe efficiency of different plant defenses is expected to vary depending on the combination and abundance of herbivores. Effectiveness of ant‐mediated defenses can also depend on ant activity and local ant assemblage, which can vary due to human activities such as intensive grazing. We used the plantCrotalaria pallida(Fabaceae), its two pod‐boring herbivores and the ants that visit the extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) to understand how chemical defense and ant–plant associations affect plant damage. We hypothesized causal relationships between plant chemical defense, ant presence on plants and herbivore damage in scenarios of constitutive and induced plant defenses and tested the different possible relationships using path analysis. The constitutive model explained the data more adequately, and each plant defense had different effects on each herbivore species. First, chemical defense significantly reduced damage by the generalist pod borerEtiella zinckenellabut not by the specialistUtetheisa ornatrix. Second, ant presence reduced damage by the generalist, but had no effect on damage by the specialist. Third, a larger number of pods on the plant increased ant presence, as expected since more pods results in more EFNs. Finally, we show that these density‐dependent responses by ants mediate indirect cascades on herbivory and generate context‐specific responses reducing damage byE. zinckenellain sites with cattle grazing. In synthesis, we highlight that plant defenses have distinct effects on co‐occurring herbivores and that indirect defenses can mediate ecological cascades that generate context dependency in the efficiency of different defenses.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Tetrazole: A privileged scaffold for the discovery of anticancer agents
Authors: Verma Anil , Kaur Balwinder , Venugopal Sneha , Wadhwa Pankaj , Sahu Sanjeev , Kaur Paranjeet , Kumar Deepak , Sharma Ajit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarcinoma, characterized by abnormal growth of cells and tissue, is a ubiquitously leading cause of mortality across the globe due to some carcinogenic factors. Currently, several anticancer agents are commercially available in the global market. However, due to their resistance and cost, researchers are gaining more interest in developing newer novel potential anticancer agents. In the search for new drugs for clinical use, the tetrazole ring system has emerged as an exciting prospect in the optimization studies of promising lead molecules. Among the various heterocyclic agents, tetrazole‐containing compounds have shown significant promise in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, particularly cancer. Here, in this review, we focused on several synthetic approaches for the synthesis of tetrazole analogs, their targets for treating cancer along with the biological activity of some of the recently reported tetrazole‐containing anticancer agents.
Investigating sacred natural sites and protected areas for forest area changes in Italy
Authors: Zannini Piero , Frascaroli Fabrizio , Nascimbene Juri , Halley John Maxwell , Stara Kalliopi , Cervellini Marco , Di Musciano Michele , De Vigili Filippo , Rocchini Duccio , Piovesan Gianluca , Alessi Nicola , Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForests will be critical to mitigate the effects of climate and global changes. Therefore, knowledge on the drivers of forest area changes are important. Although the drivers of deforestation are well known, drivers of afforestation are almost unexplored. Moreover, protected areas (PAs) effectively decrease deforestation, but other types of area‐based conservation measures exist. Among these, sacred natural sites (SNS) deliver positive conservation outcomes while making up an extensive “shadow network” of conservation. However, little is known on the capacity of SNS to regulate land‐use changes. Here, we explored the role of SNS and PAs as drivers of forest loss and forest gain in Italy between 1936 and 2018. We performed a descriptive analysis and modeled forest gain and forest loss by means of spatial binomial generalized linear models with residual autocovariates. The main drivers of forest area changes were geographical position and elevation, nonetheless SNS and PAs significantly decreased forest loss and increased forest gain. Although the negative relationship between SNS and forest loss is a desirable outcome, the positive relationship with forest gain is concerning because it could point to abandonment of cultural landscapes with consequent loss of open habitats. We suggest a legal recognition of SNS and an active ecological monitoring and planning to help maintain their positive role in biodiversity conservation. As a novel conservation planning approach, SNS can be used as stepping stones between PAs increasing connectivity and also to conserve small habitat patches threatened by human activities.
Case series on treatment of dependence to Kamini Vidrawan Ras with opioid substitution therapy
Authors: Naren Thileepan , Silkoff David , Forsythe Marcus , Cook Jon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionA cohort of clients was recognised attending an addiction medicine clinic with similar presentations of opioid dependence from use of a rarely known Ayurvedic medication in a specific ethnic community. This retrospective case series was completed to promote wider recognition and further understanding of dependence on Kamini Vidrawan Ras (Kamini).MethodsA retrospective file audit of the electronic medical record for clients of an addiction medicine outpatient clinic with a history of dependent use of Kamini identified 12 clients meeting inclusion criteria.ResultsAll 12 clients were male, aged 27–41 years, all but one of north Indian origin, predominantly employed and predominantly (but not exclusively) without significant other substance use history. All 12 clients were treated with opioid substitution therapy.Discussion and ConclusionsThis case series highlights an opioid dependence syndrome resulting from use of an Ayurvedic medicine by men from a specific area of India, highlighting a potential adverse effect of traditional medicines in ongoing use by migrant and ethnic populations that have emigrated to Australia.