bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We threw away the stones”: a mixed method evaluation of a simple cookstove intervention in Malawi
Authors: Saleh Sepeedeh , Sambakunsi Henry , Makina Debora , Kumwenda Moses , Rylance Jamie , Chinouya Martha , Mortimer Kevin 
Published: June 2022

Background: Air pollution exposure is responsible for a substantial burden of respiratory disease globally. Household air pollution from cooking using biomass is a major contributor to overall exposure in rural low-income settings. Previous research in Malawi has revealed how precarity and food insecurity shape individuals’ daily experiences, contributing to perceptions of health. Aiming to avoid a mismatch between research intervention and local context, we introduced a simple cookstove intervention in rural Malawi, analysing change in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures, and community perceptions. Methods: Following a period of baseline ethnographic research, we distributed ‘chitetezo mbaula’, locally-made cookstoves, to all households (n=300) in a rural Malawian village. Evaluation incorporated village-wide participant observation and concurrent exposure monitoring using portable PM2.5 monitors at baseline and follow-up (three months post-intervention). Qualitative data were thematically analysed. Quantitative analysis of exposure data included pre-post intervention comparisons, with datapoints divided into periods of combustion activity (almost exclusively cooking) and non-combustion periods. Findings were integrated at the interpretation stage, using a convergent design mode of synthesis. Results: Individual exposure monitoring pre- and post-cookstove intervention involved a sample of 18 participants (15 female; mean age 43). Post-intervention PM2.5 exposures (median 9.9μg/m3 [interquartile range: 2.2–46.5]) were not significantly different to pre-intervention (11.8μg/m3 [3.8–44.4]); p=0.71. On analysis by activity, background exposures were found to be reduced post-intervention (from 8.2μg/m3 [2.5–22.0] to 4.6μg/m3 [1.0–12.6]; p=0.01). Stoves were well-liked and widely used by residents as substitutes for previous cooking methods (mainly three-stone fires). Commonly cited benefits related to fuel saving and shorter cooking times. Conclusions: The cookstove intervention had no impact on cooking-related PM2.5 exposures. A significant reduction in background exposures may relate to reduced smouldering emissions. Uptake and continued use of the stoves was high amongst community members, who preferred using the stoves to cooking over open fires.
Modified OXIS classification for primary canines
Authors: Aarthi J , Muthu MS , Kirthiga M , Kailasam Vignesh 
Published: June 2022

Background: A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorising the interproximal contacts of primary molars, and its prevalence was established. The aim of this study was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of primary canines and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars to primary canines. Additionally, we aimed to estimate the applicability of modifications to primary anterior teeth. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with sectional die models obtained from a previous study of 1,090 caries-free children. Two calibrated examiners evaluated a total of 4,674 contacts from the occlusal aspect. The contacts were scored according to the former OXIS classification, with two modifications incorporated to encompass the morphological differences and rotations of primary canines and other primary anterior teeth. Results: The most prevalent contact was O (62.1%), followed by X (19.6%), I (12.6%), S type I (4.1%), and S type II (1.6%). Inter-arch comparison by means of the Chi-square test revealed significant differences for all types of contacts (P < .001). Conclusions: The interproximal contacts of canines were categorised as O, X, I, S I, and S II. The OXIS classification of primary molars was modified to befit the variations in primary canines. This study showed the presence of different types of contacts in primary canines. Identification of these contacts and their complexity has warranted a need for this to be studied as an inherent risk factor for caries risk assessment.
Health Externalities and Policy: The Role of Social Preferences
Authors: Alfaro Laura , Faia Ester , Lamersdorf Nora , Saidi Farzad 
Published: June 2022

Social preferences facilitate the internalization of health externalities, for example, by reducing mobility during a pandemic. We test this hypothesis using mobility data from 258 cities worldwide alongside experimentally validated measures of social preferences. Controlling for time-varying heterogeneity that could arise at the level at which mitigation policies are implemented, we find that they matter less in regions that are more altruistic, patient, or exhibit less negative reciprocity. In those regions, mobility falls ahead of lockdowns, and remains low after the lifting thereof. Our results elucidate the importance, independent of the cultural context, of social preferences in fostering cooperative behavior. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Skin tears in older adult residents of long-term care facilities: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Peres Giovana Ribau Picolo , Bandeira da Silva Cinthia Viana , Strazzieri-Pulido Kelly Cristina , de Gouveia Santos Vera Lúcia Conceição 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence of skin tears, and demographic and clinical factors associated with their presence in older adult residents of long-term care facilities. Method: This observational, quantitative, cross-sectional, epidemiological study was conducted with older adult residents of three long-term care facilities in São Paulo, Brazil. For data collection, four instruments were used: a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the residents; and the Brazilian-Portuguese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Skin Tear Audit Research (STAR) Skin Tear Classification System, and the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. Results: A total of 69 residents took part in the study. The prevalence of skin tears was 11.6%. Skin tears were significantly associated with the presence of haematoma (odds ratio, OR=9.159; p=0.017) and actinic purpura (OR=6.265; p=0.033), which increased the odds of skin tear development nine-fold and six-fold, respectively. Conclusion: The findings agree with the international literature. Considering that this was the first epidemiological study on skin tears carried out in long-term care facilities for older adults in Brazil, its contribution lies in the systematisation of data collection and making data available on a field that has not yet been studied in this country.
Significant and rapid reduction of free endotoxin using a dialkylcarbamoyl chloride-coated wound dressing
Authors: Susilo Yusak Budi , Mattsby-Baltzer Inger , Arvidsson Anna , Husmark Johanna 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Endotoxin causes inflammation and can impair wound healing. Conventional methods that reduce bioburden in wounds by killing microorganisms using antibiotics, topical antimicrobials or antimicrobial dressings may induce endotoxin release from Gram-negative bacteria. Another approach is to reduce bioburden by adsorbing microorganisms, without killing them, using dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC)-coated wound dressings. This study evaluated the endotoxin-binding ability of a DACC-coated wound dressing (Sorbact Compress, Abigo Medical AB, Sweden) in vitro, including its effect on the level of natural endotoxin released from Gram-negative bacteria. Method: Different concentrations of purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin and a DACC-coated dressing were incubated at 37°C for various durations. After incubation, the dressing was removed and endotoxin concentration in the solution was quantified using a Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The DACC-coated dressing was also incubated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells for one hour at 37°C. After incubation, the dressing and bacterial cells were removed and shed endotoxin remaining in the solution was quantified. Results: Overnight incubation of the DACC-coated wound dressing with various concentrations of purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin (96–11000 EU/ml) consistently and significantly reduced levels of free endotoxin by 93–99% (p<0.0001). A significant endotoxin reduction of 39% (p<0.001) was observed after five minutes. The DACC-coated dressing incubated with clinically relevant Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells also reduced shed endotoxin by >99.95% (p<0.0001). Conclusion: In this study, we showed that a DACC-coated wound dressing efficiently and rapidly binds both purified and shed endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. This ability to remove both endotoxin and bacterial cells could promote the wound healing process.
Identification of mechanics-responsive osteocyte signature in osteoarthritis subchondral bone
Authors: Zhou Jun , He Zhiyi , Cui Jiarui , Liao Xiaoling , Cao Hui , Shibata Yo , Miyazaki Takashi , Zhang Jiaming 
Published: June 2022

Aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease. The osteocyte transcriptome is highly relevant to osteocyte biology. This study aimed to explore the osteocyte transcriptome in subchondral bone affected by OA. Methods Gene expression profiles of OA subchondral bone were used to identify disease-relevant genes and signalling pathways. RNA-sequencing data of a bone loading model were used to identify the loading-responsive gene set. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to develop the osteocyte mechanics-responsive gene signature. Results A group of 77 persistent genes that are highly relevant to extracellular matrix (ECM) biology and bone remodelling signalling were identified in OA subchondral lesions. A loading responsive gene set, including 446 principal genes, was highly enriched in OA medial tibial plateaus compared to lateral tibial plateaus. Of this gene set, a total of 223 genes were identified as the main contributors that were strongly associated with osteocyte functions and signalling pathways, such as ECM modelling, axon guidance, Hippo, Wnt, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling pathways. We limited the loading-responsive genes obtained via the osteocyte transcriptome signature to identify a subgroup of genes that are highly relevant to osteocytes, as the mechanics-responsive osteocyte signature in OA. Based on WGCNA, we found that this signature was highly co-expressed and identified three clusters, including early, late, and persistently responsive genes. Conclusion In this study, we identified the mechanics-responsive osteocyte signature in OA-lesioned subchondral bone. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(6):362–370.
Improved PGC demodulation algorithm to eliminate modulation depth and intensity disturbance
Authors: Li Yangtaozi , Gao Hong , Zhao Liguo , Fu Zhipeng , Zhang Juan , Li Zhen , Qiao Xueguang 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, an improved phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation algorithm based on frequency mixing and division difference is proposed. The effects of phase modulation depth variation and light intensity disturbance of the light source on the demodulated phase signal are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Compared to the traditional PGC differential-cross-multiplying (PGC-DCM) and PGC arctangent (PGC-Arctan) demodulation algorithms, the ameliorated demodulation algorithm eliminates the harmonic distortion of the demodulated signal by extracting the carrier modulation depth through frequency mixing. The demodulation error caused by the light intensity disturbance of the light source is suppressed by division difference. The stability of the demodulation system is improved. To verify the algorithm, a PGC demodulation system is built based on a Michelson interferometer. The experimental results show that when the frequency and amplitude of the sensed signal are set to 1 kHz and 0.4 rad, respectively, the signal-to-noise ratio with the proposed algorithm achieves a gain of 35.66 dB over the PGC-Arctan algorithm and 26.26 dB over the PGC-DCM algorithm.
The SWIS trial: Protocol of a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of school based social work
Authors: Westlake David , Pallmann Philip , Lugg-Widger Fiona , Forrester Donald , Petrou Stavros , Daher Shahd , Adara Linda , Cook Laura , Munnery Kim , Bennett Verity , Smith Philip , White James 
Published: June 2022

Background
Child and family social workers in the UK work closely with other agencies including schools and the police, and typically they are based in local authority offices. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of placing social workers in schools (SWIS) on the need for social care interventions. SWIS was piloted in three local authorities in 2018–2020, and findings from a feasibility study of the pilots suggests SWIS may operate through three key pathways: (1) by enhancing schools’ response to safeguarding issues, (2) through increased collaboration between social workers, school staff, and parents, and (3) by improving relationships between social workers and young people.

Methods
The study is a two-arm pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial building on three feasibility studies which found SWIS to be promising. Social workers will work within secondary schools across local authorities in England. 280 mainstream secondary schools will be randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio to SWIS or a comparison arm, which will be schools that continue as normal, without a social worker. The primary outcome will be the rate of Child Protection (Section 47) enquiries. Secondary outcomes will comprise rate of referrals to children’s social care, rate of Child in Need (Section 17) assessments, days spent in care, and educational attendance and attainment. The study also includes an economic evaluation, and an implementation and process evaluation. Social care outcomes will be measured in July 2022, and educational outcomes will be measured in July 2023. Days in care will be measured at both time points.

Discussion
Findings will explore the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SWIS on the need for social care interventions. A final report will be published in January 2024.

Trial registration
The study was registered retrospectively with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry on 13.11.2020 (ISRCTN90922032).
Chronic kidney disease in cancer patients, the analysis of a large oncology database from Eastern Europe
Authors: Ciorcan Mircea , Chisavu Lazar , Mihaescu Adelina , Gadalean Florica , Bob Flaviu Raul , Negru Serban , Schiller Oana Marina , Grosu Iulia Dana , Marc Luciana , Chisavu Flavia , Dragota Pascota Razvan , Apostol Adrian , Ivan Viviana , Schiller Adalbert 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Kidney dysfunction is prevalent in oncology patients and has an impact on their treatment and quality of life. The aim of our study was to analyze the prevalence of CKD in a large cohort of several types of cancer patients in an East European Region.

Material and methods
We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study on 5831 consecutive, biopsy-diagnosed cancer patients between January 2019 –December 2020 in the largest oncology hospital and outpatient clinic in Western Romania. 4342 subjects were included in the statistical analysis.

Results and discussion
From the 24 cancer types, the most prevalent cancers were represented by: breast (22.02%), lung (10.18%) and colonic cancer (9.51%). The prevalence of CKD (G3 –G5) was 12.27% after the first year of follow-up and 13.42 after the second year. The prevalence of CKD was higher in patients with renal (50%), urinary tract (33.6%) and pancreatic cancers (19.6%) and lower in patients with colonic cancers (5.3%) and brain tumors (2.5%). At the end of our 2-year survey period, 0,7% of the CKD cases had an eGFR around 6 ml/min/1.73m2 –an indication for renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion
Oncology patients have a significantly higher prevalence of CKD compared to the general population, dependent of the age of the patients and the type of cancer. The prevalence of advanced CKD was surprisingly high (stages G4-G5 Pre-Dialysis 22.15%) one third of the CKD- G5 patients having indication for initiation of renal replacement therapy. An onco- nephrology team should be needed for the best medical care of these patients.
Personalized care planning and shared decision making in collaborative care programs for depression and anxiety disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Menear Matthew , Girard Ariane , Dugas Michèle , Gervais Michel , Gilbert Michel , Gagnon Marie-Pierre 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCollaborative care is an evidence-based approach to improving outcomes for common mental disorders in primary care. Efforts are underway to broadly implement the collaborative care model, yet the extent to which this model promotes person-centered mental health care has been little studied. The aim of this study was to describe practices related to two patient and family engagement strategies–personalized care planning and shared decision making–within collaborative care programs for depression and anxiety disorders in primary care.MethodsWe conducted an update of a 2012 Cochrane review, which involved searches in Cochrane CCDAN and CINAHL databases, complemented by additional database, trial registry, and cluster searches. We included programs evaluated in a clinical trials targeting adults or youth diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorders, as well as sibling reports related to these trials. Pairs of reviewers working independently selected the studies and data extraction for engagement strategies was guided by a codebook. We used narrative synthesis to report on findings.ResultsIn total, 150 collaborative care programs were analyzed. The synthesis showed that personalized care planning or shared decision making were practiced in fewer than half of programs. Practices related to personalized care planning, and to a lesser extent shared decision making, involved multiple members of the collaborative care team, with care managers playing a pivotal role in supporting patient and family engagement. Opportunities for quality improvement were identified, including fostering greater patient involvement in collaborative goal setting and integrating training and decision aids to promote shared decision making.ConclusionThis review suggests that personalized care planning and shared decision making could be more fully integrated within collaborative care programs for depression and anxiety disorders. Their absence in some programs is a missed opportunity to spread person-centered mental health practices in primary care.
Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease
Authors: Bitzenhofer Michaela , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Moor Matthias B. , Sidler Daniel , Horn Michael P. , Gschwend Anna , Staehelin Cornelia , Rauch Andri , Helbling Arthur , Jörg Lukas 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
Although mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce a robust immune response and prevent infections and hospitalizations, there are limited data on the antibody response in individuals with humoral immunodeficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response after two vaccine doses with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.

Methods
This cross-sectional study assessed 39 individuals with hypogammaglobulinemia under immunoglobulin replacement therapy. IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies (anti-S) were measured 4 weeks to 4 months after two doses of an mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of patients, who developed a humoral immune response to the spike protein were evaluated and compared to 19 healthy controls.

Results
After vaccination with two vaccine doses, 26/39 patients (66.7%) with humoral immunodeficiency disease and all healthy controls developed anti-S. In subjects with baseline IgG <3 g/l, only 1/5 (20%) showed a humoral immune response. 10 out of 26 with CVID (38.5%) and 7/9 under immunosuppressive drugs (77.8%) developed no immune response (13 subjects with no response) compared to 0/19 in healthy controls. Subgroup analysis in patients without immunosuppressive drugs revealed lower anti-S in patients with moderate to severe humoral immunodeficiency disease: baseline IgG <3 g/l: 12.0 AU/ml (95%CI 12.0–125.0), baseline IgG 3–5 g/l: 99.9 AU/ml (95%CI 14.4–400.0), baseline IgG >5 g/l: 151.5 AU/ml (95%CI 109.0–400.0), healthy controls 250.0 AU/ml (95%CI 209.0–358.0), p = 0.007.

Conclusion
In most patients with mild to moderate humoral immunodeficiency we found only slightly lower anti-S antibodies compared with healthy controls after two vaccine doses with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. However, in patients with a decreased baseline IgG below 3 g/l and/or under immunosuppressive drugs, we found severely impaired humoral immune responses.
Birth weight and nutritional status of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Frimpong James Boadu , Archer Anita Gracious , Adu Collins , Hagan John Elvis , Amu Hubert , Yaya Sanni 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Over the past three decades, undernutrition has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years globally. Low birth weight has been identified as a risk factor for child morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five years in sub-Saharan Africa. There is, however, a paucity of empirical literature establishing the association between low birth weight and undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the association between birth weight and nutritional status of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
Our analyses were performed on a weighted sample of 110,497 children under five years from 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2010 to 2019. We reported the prevalence of low birth weight and nutritional status (stunting, wasting, and underweight) for all the 32 countries using percentages. We used multilevel binary logistic regression to examine the association between birth weight and nutritional status (stunting, wasting, and underweight) of the children, controlling for covariates. The results of the regression analyses were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results
The prevalence of low birth weight was 5.4%, with the highest (13.1%) and lowest (0.9%) reportedin South Africa and Chad, respectively. The pooled prevalence of wasting, underweight, and stunting were 8.1%, 17.0%, and 31.3%, respectively. Niger had the highest prevalence of wasting (21.5%) and underweight (37.1%), whereas Burundi had the highest prevalence of stunting (51.7%). We found that children with low birth weight were more likely to be stunted [aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.58–1.78], underweight [aOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.70–1.94], and wasted [aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.20–1.38] after controlling for covariates.

Conclusion
Our study has demonstrated that low birth weight is a key determinant of undernutrition among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa. Policymakers need to give special attention to improving the nutritional status of children under-five years in sub-Saharan Africa by implementing measures aimed at enhancing the weight of children. To accelerate progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 target of ending preventable deaths of newborns and under-five by 2030, it is imperative for countries in sub-Saharan Africa to intensify interventions aimed at improving maternal and child nutrition. Specific nutrition interventions such as dietary modification counselling should prioritized.