bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma induced reactive oxygen species‐dependent cytotoxicity in glioblastoma 3D tumourspheres
Authors: Wanigasekara Janith , Barcia Carlos , Cullen Patrick J. , Tiwari Brijesh , Curtin James F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of a pin‐to‐plate cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on U‐251 MG three‐dimensional (3D) glioblastoma spheroids under different conditions. 3D tumorspheres showed higher resistance to the CAP treatment compared to 2D monolayer cells. A single CAP treatment was able to induce cytotoxicity, while multiple CAP treatments augmented this effect. CAP was also able to induce cytotoxicity throughout the tumoursphere, and we identified that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role, while H2O2 plays a partial role in CAP‐induced cytotoxicity in tumourspheres. We conclude that ROS‐dependent cytotoxicity is induced uniformly throughout glioblastoma and epidermoid tumourspheres by direct CAP treatment.
Effects of early vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Authors: Ge Haiyan , Qiao Yanxia , Ge Jun , Li Junran , Hu Kena , Chen Xiaohui , Cao Xinghua , Xu Xiangshi , Wang Wenzhe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a respiratory dysfunction caused by poor lung bronchial development, which may lead to long‐term lung disease, threatening the lives of children. Studies have shown that premature infants with low vitamin D are highly associated with BPD. In this study, we aim to obtain insights into whether early vitamin D supplementation could prevent BPD in preterm infants.MethodsA total of 112 preterm infants were randomly divided into two groups: the control and vitamin D supplementation (VD) group. The VD group received vitamin D (800 IU/day) within 48 h at birth for consecutively 28 days. The serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and C‐reactive protein (CRP), IL6, and TNF‐α were measured using ELISA assay. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) was measured using an i‐STAT analyzer.ResultsThe occurrence of BPD was decreased in the VD group compared with the control. The decreased serum 25(OH)D3 was significantly elevated by supplementation with vitamin D. In addition, the serum inflammation factors (CRP, IL6, and TNF‐α) were significantly reduced by vitamin D supplementation.ConclusionWe demonstrated that early vitamin D supplementation could significantly reduce BPD incidence in preterm infants. We showed that early vitamin D supplementation could significantly increase serum level of 25(OH)D3 and reduce inflammatory response thereby preventing and reducing neonatal BPD.LimitationFirstly, a larger sample size will be needed to be included to gain a comprehensive understanding of the protective effects of vitamin D and BPD mechanistically in preterm infants. Secondly, the pathophysiological process of BPD will need to be studied. In addition, the pathways that vitamin D is responsible for, need to be further researched.
Vancomycin therapeutic monitoring by measured trough concentration versus Bayesian‐derived area under the curve in critically ill patients with cancer
Authors: AbuSara Aseel K. , Abdelrahman Deema H. , Habash Khader I. , Al‐Shaer Mohammad H. , Le Jennifer , Nazer Lama H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe updated vancomycin guideline and recent studies suggested that trough concentrations may result in underestimation of the actual area under the curve (AUC), leading to excessive dosing and nephrotoxicity. With limited data available on critically ill cancer patients, this study aimed to compare the two methods in this patient population. This was a 5‐year retrospective study on patients treated with vancomycin in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a comprehensive cancer center. The measured trough concentration was compared to Bayesian‐derived AUC/minimum‐inhibitory‐concentration (MIC), considering MIC as 1. Trough concentrations of 15–20 mg/L and AUC of 400–600 mg h/L were considered the targeted goal. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with an AUC below the targeted goal. During the study period, 316 patients were included. The mean age was 54 years ±16 (SD); most patients had solid tumors (75%), and 11% had neutropenia. A targeted goal AUC and trough were recorded in 128 (41%) patients and in 64 (20%) patients, respectively. Of the 128 patients with targeted goal AUC, 31 (24%) had targeted goal trough concentrations and 91 (71%) had trough concentrations below 15 mg/L. Furthermore, among the patients with targeted goal trough concentration (n = 64), 33 (52%) had higher than targeted goal AUC. Augmented renal clearance (ARC), defined as a calculated creatinine‐clearance ≥130 ml/min, was associated with an AUC below the targeted goal. In a cohort of critically ill patients with cancer, over two‐thirds of the patients with a targeted goal Bayesian AUC/MIC had trough concentrations below the targeted goal. ARC was associated with AUC below the targeted goal.
ZnO nanoparticles produced in the culture supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis affect the demographic parameters of Musca domestica using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table
Authors: Iqbal Hafsa , Fatima Ammara , Khan Hafiz Azhar Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIndiscriminate use of broad‐spectrum insecticides can have deleterious effects on insects and the environment. The use of nanoparticles synthesized from microbes has recently gained importance as a safe alternative to conventional insecticides. Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized using Bacillus thuringiensis have shown insecticidal potential; however, in addition to its acute toxicity, it is necessary to determine possible sublethal effects at the organismal level to understand the toxicity of a new insecticide. Bt‐derived enzymes such as nitrate reductase and other biomolecules play a vital role in the reduction of metal ions to metal nanoparticles. Here, we assessed the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of ZnO nanoparticles produced in the culture supernatant of B. thuringiensis ser. israelensis (Bti) as a reducing agent on the biological traits of Musca domestica.RESULTSConcentration–response larval bioassays using different concentrations of ZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles revealed LC10, LC20, LC50 and LC90 values of 4.17, 6.11, 12.73 and 38.90 μg g−1 of larval diet, respectively. Exposure of M. domestica larvae to two concentrations (LC10 and LC20) resulted in a lengthened developmental time (egg to adult) and preoviposition period, and reduced fecundity, survival, longevity and oviposition period. Furthermore, population parameters including net reproductive rate, mean generation time, age‐specific survival rate, fecundity, life expectancy and reproductive values, analyzed following age‐stage and two‐sex life table theory, were significantly decreased after exposure to these concentrations of ZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles compared with the control.CONCLUSIONZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles were shown to be toxic to M. domestica. Exposure of M. domestica to low concentrations of ZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles resulted in negative transgenerational effects on progeny production in this fly. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spatio‐temporal patterns in degradation and restoration of gravel bars along Alpine rivers
Authors: Woellner Romy , Wagner Thomas C. , Crabot Julie , Kollmann Johannes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBraided reaches were common along near‐natural Alpine rivers, and the associated habitat dynamics supported plant and animal species specialized on early‐successional stages. The extensive riparian zones could mitigate climate change by absorbing floods and by retaining water during droughts. Human impacts largely reduced active river corridors through altered discharge and construction of dykes, while recent restoration projects aim at increasing river dynamics. The causes and consequences of Alpine river degradation are well understood, but there are only few quantitative studies on floodplain degradation and restoration. Thus, we have reconstructed historical changes of gravel bars along five Alpine rivers (Iller, Inn, Isar, Lech, and Wertach) in Southern Germany in the period 1808–2009, based on historical maps and aerial images. We found losses of >90% in gravel bar area along these rivers since the mid‐19th century. The decline was caused by a reduction of the active river corridor and by ongoing succession of the remaining open habitats. Within the past 30 years, at the Isar River, restoration measures were realized with the aim to widen the active river corridor and to recreate gravel bars. In four restored reaches, we found that 5% of the historical gravel bar area recovered, and that the proportion of restored gravel bar area was highest after intermediate flooding. We conclude that the active river corridors of German Alpine rivers are almost completely lost, and that more extensive restoration needs to be done to preserve the habitat dynamics and biodiversity of these systems, and to adapt Alpine rivers to climate change.
Health insurance benefits as a labor market friction: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Tsolmon Ulya , Ariely Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines the propensity of small firms to provide health insurance in response to high state‐level unemployment insurance (UI) benefits, given that generous UI benefits reduce labor market frictions that constrain employee mobility. We exploit a unique data set of over 15,000 small private firms in the United States and find that when state UI benefits are high, firms will offer their employees health insurance benefits—especially when those firms rely on human capital that is difficult to replace. We find positive effects of health insurance policy on worker retention, worker productivity, and firm performance. We discuss the implications of our findings to the theory development on the relationship between exogenous labor market frictions and firms' responses to those frictions.Managerial SummaryThis study examines whether small firms that offer health insurance to their employees have better performance outcomes. Even though health insurance is a costly investment for small firms, there has been scant strategy‐ and evidence‐based guidance for managers regarding the conditions that can render investments in employee health ultimately worthwhile. The study analyzes data from 15,000 small firms in the United States and finds that offering health insurance when retaining and replacing workers by firms is more difficult. Firms that offer health insurance also have better worker retention, productivity, and profitability compared to firms that do not offer health insurance. The results suggest that investments in employee health and well‐being may provide a competitive edge to firms, especially when labor market competition for workers is high.
Fe Single‐Atom Catalyst for Efficient and Rapid Fenton‐Like Degradation of Organics and Disinfection against Bacteria
Authors: Yang Lixue , Yang Haoqi , Yin Shengyan , Wang Xiuyan , Xu Mingwei , Lu Guolong , Liu Zhenning , Sun Hang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Fenton‐like reaction has great potential in water treatment. Herein, an efficient and reusable catalytic system is developed based on atomically dispersed Fe catalyst by anchoring Fe atoms on nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (Fe SA/NPCs). The catalyst of Fe SA/NPCs exhibits enhanced performance in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for organic pollutant degradation and bacterial inactivation. The Fe SA/NPCs + PMS system demonstrates a high turnover frequency of 39.31 min−1 in Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation as well as a strong bactericidal activity that can completely sterilize an Escherichia coli culture within 5 min. Meanwhile, the degradation activity of RhB by Fe SA/NPCs is improved up to 28 to 371‐fold in comparison with the controls. Complete degradation of RhB can be achieved in 30 s by the Fe SA/NPCs + PMS system, demonstrating an efficiency much higher than most traditional Fenton‐like processes. Experiments with different radical scavengers and density functional theory calculations have revealed that singlet oxygen (1O2) generated on the N‐coordinated single Fe atom (Fe‐N4) sites is the key reactive species for the effective and rapid pollutant degradation and bacterial inactivation. This work innovatively affords a promising single‐Fe‐atom catalyst/PMS system for applying Fenton‐like reactions in water treatment.
Crystalline‐Amorphous Ni2P4O12/NiMoOx Nanoarrays for Alkaline Water Electrolysis: Enhanced Catalytic Activity via In Situ Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Jing , Hu Jing , Niu Siqi , Li Siwei , Du Yunchen , Xu Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater electrolysis affords a promising approach to large‐scale hydrogen yield, but its efficiency is restrained by the sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Here, an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst of in situ formed crystalline nickel metaphosphate on amorphous NiMoOx nanoarrays supported on nickel foam (c‐Ni2P4O12/a‐NiMoOx/NF) for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution is reported. The c‐Ni2P4O12/a‐NiMoOx/NF can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at a low potential of 78 mV for HER, and a current density of 20 mA cm–2 at an overpotential of 250 mV for OER. Moreover, it only requires a small cell voltage of 1.55 V at 10 mA cm–2 for robust water splitting with outstanding long‐term durability over 84 h. Various spectroscopic studies reveal that in situ surface reconstruction is crucial for the enhanced catalytic activity, where c‐Ni2P4O12/a‐NiMoOx is transformed into c‐Ni2P4O12/a‐NiMoO4 during the HER process, and into c‐Ni2P4O12/a‐NiOOH in the OER process. This work may provide a new strategy for uncovering the catalytic mechanism of crystalline‐amorphous catalysts.
Calycosin alleviatesH2O2‐induced astrocyte injury by restricting oxidative stress through the Akt/Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Cheng‐You , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Wang Tso‐Fu , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Lai Pei‐Fang , Chen Ray‐Jade , Yao Chun‐Hsu , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOxidative stress‐induced brain cell damage is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐associated neurological diseases. Further, studies show that astrocytes are an important immunocompetent cell in the brain and play a potentially significant role in various neurological diseases. Therefore, elimination of ROS overproduction might be a potential strategy for preventing and treating neurological diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that calycosin, a main active ingredient in the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi (Radix Astragali Mongolici), is a potential therapeutic candidate with anti‐inflammation and/or anticancer effects. Here, we investigated the protective effect of calycosin in brain astrocytes by mimicking in vitro oxidative stress using H2O2. The results revealed that H2O2significantly induced ROS and inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α and interleukin [IL]‐1β) production, whereas post‐treatment with calycosin dramatically and concentration‐dependently suppressed H2O2‐induced damage by enhancing cell viability, repressing ROS and inflammatory factor production, and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. Additionally, we found that calycosin facilitated nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and promoted its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing the expression of antioxidant molecules (heme oxygenase [HO]‐1 and SOD) following H2O2treatment. Moreover, calycosin did not attenuated H2O2‐induced astrocyte damage and ROS production in the presence of the ML385 (a Nrf2‐specific inhibitor) and followingNrf2silencing. Furthermore, calycosin failed to increase Akt phosphorylation and mitigate H2O2‐induced astrocyte damage in the presence of the LY294002 (a selective phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor), indicating that calycosin‐mediated regulation of oxidative‐stress homeostasis involved Akt/Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling. These findings demonstrated that calycosin protects against oxidative injury in brain astrocytes by regulating oxidative stress through the AKT/Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate aggravates CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis via HMGB1/TLR4/Smad signaling
Authors: Wan Chunhua , Gu Tianye , Ling Junyi , Qin Yi , Luo Jiashan , Sun Lingli , Hua Lu , Zhao Jianya , Jiang Shengyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread environmental pollutant and may cause a variety of adverse health effects. The hepatotoxicity of PFOS has attracted particular attention, given the fact that the liver has one of the highest PFOS accumulations among human tissues. In this study, we revealed that subchronic PFOS exposure may exacerbate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis in animal models. Administration with 1 mg/kg PFOS every other day for 56 days dramatically enhanced CCl4‐mediated liver injury and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Furthermore, PFOS exposure may promote the activation of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway through inducing the secretion of HMGB1 from hepatocytes. PFOS exposure induced the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cultured BRL‐3A cells at a starting concentration of 50 μM. This process is accompanied with concurrent flux of calcium, suggesting a link between calcium signaling and HMGB1 release following PFOS exposure. Finally, we showed that PFOS‐exposed conditional medium (PFOS‐CM) of hepatocytes may induce the translocation of Smad2/3 in HSCs in a TLR4‐dependent manner. Taken together, subchronic PFOS exposure might play a pro‐fibrotic role via a HMGB1/TLR4‐dependent Smad signaling in HSCs. Our findings for the first time uncovered an involvement of PFOS exposure in liver fibrosis via HMGB1/TLR4/Smad signaling.
Decolorization of reactive blue 13 by Sporotrichum sp. and cytotoxicity of biotreated dye solution
Authors: Karaca Hülya , Kısaoğlan Berke , Koparal A. Tansu , Kıvanç Merih 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWastewater from the textile industry contaminated with azo dyes affects the environment negatively, causes pollution, and threatens environmental balance. Among various methods for wastewater treatment, bioremediation emerges as an environmentally friendly, economical, and sustainable solution. In this study, white‐rot fungus Sporotrichum sp. was employed to decolorize reactive blue 13 (RB13). The long‐term decolorization capacity of the fungus was investigated by a sequential batch experiment under optimized conditions. The fungus showed high decolorization efficiency upon repeating usage, and its decolorization efficiency decreased from 97.4% to 87.09% after transferring to a freshly prepared medium seven times. The MTT (3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay) method using Chinese Hamster Lung V79 379A was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of treated water samples. This study revealed that Sporotrichum sp. has short‐term enzymatic and long‐term biosorption capacity on reactive blue 13 and the decolorization potential of the alive and dead cells is impressively high.Practitioner Points

White‐rot fungus Sporotrichum sp. is able to decolorize sulfonated azo‐dye reactive blue 13 upon sequential incubation in freshly prepared dye solution.
The decolorization mechanism of the fungus is estimated to be bioadsorption.
Sporotrichum sp. can be considered for long‐term usage and immobilization applications.
Anyons and the double copy
Authors: Burger Daniel J , Emond William T. , Moynihan Nathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We examine the double copy structure of anyons in gauge theory and gravity. Using on-shell amplitude techniques, we construct little group covariant spinor-helicity variables describing massive particles with spin, which together with locality and unitarity enables us to derive the long-range tree-level scattering amplitudes involving anyons. We discover that classical gauge theory anyon solutions double copy to their gravitational counterparts in a non-trivial manner. Interestingly, we show that the massless double copy captures the topological structure of curved spacetime in three dimensions by introducing a non-trivial mixing of the topological graviton and the dilaton. Finally, we show that the celebrated Aharonov-Bohm phase can be derived directly from the constructed on-shell amplitude, and that it too enjoys a simple double copy to its gravitational counterpart.
Digitale Systeme zur Unterstützung von präklinischen Notfalleinsätzen
Authors: Möllenhoff Clemens , Eder Patrick Andreas , Rashid Asarnusch , Möllenhoff Christian , Römer Ingolf , Franczyk Bogdan 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Steigende Anforderungen an Dokumentation und sektorenübergreifende Kommunikation führen zu vermehrtem organisatorischem Aufwand im Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst. Die Verwendung digitaler Informationssysteme im präklinischen Einsatz kann sowohl dazu beitragen, Einsatzkräfte bei diesen Aufgaben zu unterstützen als auch neue Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für Patienten eröffnen. Die Arbeit versucht, ein möglichst umfassendes Bild der derzeitigen Verbreitung und Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationssystemen zur Einsatzunterstützung in Deutschland zu erstellen.

Material und Methoden
Die Querschnittsstudie wurde als deutschlandweite, explorative Online-Befragung unter Notärzten und Rettungsdienstfachpersonal von Juli bis August 2020 durchgeführt. Die anschließende Datenanalyse erfolgte durch deskriptive Statistikmethoden. Betrachtet wurden u. a. Lösungen für die digitale Dokumentation und Krankenhausvoranmeldung, für den Versorgungsnachweis und Telenotarztdienst sowie der Digitalfunk.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 821 Antwortbogen von 481 Rettungswachen aus insgesamt 382 Städten in der Auswertung berücksichtigt. Die Verfügbarkeit von 16 untersuchten Systemen variiert deutschlandweit je nach Bundesland und Anwendungsbereich. Befragte Einsatzkräfte zeigen sich gegenüber neuen Technologien und Möglichkeiten grundsätzlich offen, wenngleich die aktuelle Umsetzung als nicht zufriedenstellend bewertet wird. Herausforderungen zeigen sich v. a. hinsichtlich Verlässlichkeit, Hardware, Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Interoperabilität.

Diskussion
Eine weitreichende Digitalisierung der präklinischen Notfallmedizin wurde in Deutschland bislang nicht erreicht. Die ganzheitliche Betrachtung und vernetzte Implementierung aller am Einsatz beteiligten Systeme und Prozesse kann dazu beitragen, digitale Lösungen für die Präklinik zu verbessern und weiter zu verbreiten.