bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Factory and the Beehive. IV. A Comprehensive Study of the Rotation X-Ray Activity Relation in Praesepe and the Hyades
Authors: Núñez Alejandro , Agüeros Marcel A. , Covey Kevin R. , Douglas Stephanie T. , Drake Jeremy J. , Rampalli Rayna , Bowsher Emily C. , Cargile Phillip A. , Kraus Adam L. , Law Nicholas M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
X-ray observations of low-mass stars in open clusters are critical to understanding the dependence of magnetic activity on stellar properties and their evolution. Praesepe and the Hyades, two of the nearest, most-studied open clusters, are among the best available laboratories for examining the dependence of magnetic activity on rotation for stars with masses ≲1 M
⊙. We present an updated study of the rotation–X-ray activity relation in the two clusters. We updated membership catalogs that combine pre-Gaia catalogs with new catalogs based on Gaia Data Release 2. The resulting catalogs are the most inclusive ones for both clusters: 1739 Praesepe and 1315 Hyades stars. We collected X-ray detections for cluster members, for which we analyzed, re-analyzed, or collated data from ROSAT, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, and XMM-Newton. We have detections for 326 Praesepe and 462 Hyades members, of which 273 and 164, respectively, have rotation periods—an increase of 6× relative to what was previously available. We find that at ≈700 Myr, only M dwarfs remain saturated in X-rays, with only tentative evidence for supersaturation. We also find a tight relation between the Rossby number and fractional X-ray luminosity L
X/L
bol in unsaturated single members, suggesting a power-law index between −3.2 and −3.9. Lastly, we find no difference in the coronal parameters between binary and single members. These results provide essential insight into the relative efficiency of magnetic heating of the stars’ atmospheres, thereby informing the development of robust age-rotation-activity relations.
Unveiling Nongray Surface of Cloudy Exoplanets: The Influence of Wavelength-dependent Surface Albedo and Cloud Scattering Properties on Retrieval Solutions
Authors: Wang Fei , Fujii Yuka , He Jinping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Direct-imaging spectra hold rich information about a planet’s atmosphere and surface, and several space-based missions aiming at such observations will become a reality in the near future. Previous spectral retrieval works have resulted in key atmospheric constraints under the assumption of a gray surface, but the effect of wavelength-dependent surface albedo on retrieval has not been shown. We explore the influence of the coupling effect of cloud and wavelength-dependent surface albedo on retrieval performance via modeling suites of Earth-like atmospheres with varying cloud and surface albedo parameterizations. Under the assumption of known cloud scattering properties, the surface spectral albedos can be reasonably recovered when the surface cover represents that of Earth-like vegetation or ocean, which may aid in characterizing the planet’s habitability. When the cloud scattering properties cannot be assumed, we show that the degeneracy between the cloud properties and wavelength-dependent surface albedo leads to biased results of atmospheric and cloud properties. The multiepoch visible-band observations offer limited improvement in disentangling this degeneracy. However, the constraints on atmospheric properties from the combination of the UV band (R ∼ 6) + visible band (R ∼ 140) are consistent with input values to within 1σ. If short-bandpass data are not available, an alternative solution to reduce the retrieval uncertainties would be to have the prior constraints on the planetary cloud fraction with less than 20% uncertainty.
The Radial Evolution of Magnetic Clouds From Helios to Ulysses
Authors: Zhao Ake , Wang Yuming , Feng Hengqiang , Cheng Long , Li Xiaolei , Cai Qiangwei , Li Hongbo , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The evolution of a magnetic cloud (MC) from the inner heliosphere to the outer heliosphere has been investigated for decades. Although many studies have reported on the evolution of MCs, there is no relevant statistical study about the continuous parametric evolution of the flux rope model of the Gold–Hoyle solution for MCs from near the Sun to 5.4 au. Based on the velocity-modified uniform-twist force-free flux rope model, in this study we explore the evolution with heliodistance for some parameters from 139 MCs observed by the Helios, Wind, and Ulysses spacecraft. We find a negative/positive correlation between the central axial field strength/the radius of the cross section and the heliodistance. The angle between the axis of the MC and the Sun–spacecraft line (Θ), the expansion velocity (v

e
), and the poloidal velocity (v

p
) did not show any evident tendency to increase or decrease with the heliodistance. In addition, the number of turns of the magnetic field lines per unit length winding around the magnetic flux rope, τ, shows a weak decrease with heliodistance. Also, there is an evident negative correlation between τ and the radius of the flux rope, R. The axial magnetic flux (F

z
) and the magnetic helicity (H

m
) show a tendency to decrease within 1 au, after which they remain almost unchanged until 5.5 au. Furthermore, we do not find any evident difference in the parametric properties of MCs on and outside the ecliptic.
The Timing of Potential Last Nucleosynthetic Injections into the Protosolar Molecular Cloud Inferred from 41Ca–26Al Systematics of Bulk CAIs
Authors: Ku Yaray , Petaev Michail I. , Jacobsen Stein B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Short-lived radionuclides (SLRs) provide important information about the chronology of the early solar system. Among them, 41Ca, due to its decay to 41K with a half-life of only 0.1 Ma, is particularly valuable in constraining the timescales and origins of both SLRs and the formation of the oldest solar system materials, the Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAIs). The initial abundance of 41Ca in the solar system, expressed as the (41Ca/40Ca)I ratio, is the key to unveiling the origin of this nuclide. Here, we report a new solar system (41Ca/40Ca)I ratio of 2.0 × 10−8 derived from the K isotope compositions of two CAIs. This new ratio is about four times higher than the previous value inferred from a mineral isochron. Such a high (41Ca/40Ca)I ratio in the CAIs exceeds that expected for the protosolar molecular cloud by ∼1000×, implying very late injection of the 41Ca (and possibly other SLRs) into the protosolar molecular cloud. The correlated enrichments of 41Ca and 26Al in the bulk CAI samples hint at a common stellar origin of both SLRs. The injection time estimated from our new data depends on the stellar source—it ranges from 0.6 Ma for a Wolf–Rayet wind to 1.0 Ma for a TP-AGB star ejecta.
Software Quality Testing In Mobile Application (ArabEasy) Based on the PACMAD Model
Authors: Bagaskara Safitra Aditya , Wibowo Achmad Teguh , Izzuddin Muhammad Andik , Milad Mohammad Khusnu , Setyowati Rr. Diah Nugraheni , Taufik Taufik , Ridwan Mujib , Arifin Sirajul 
Published: May 2022

ArabEasy is an application to learn and understand basic concepts of Arabic. This app has a problem with the user interface (UI); based on the comment from users, UI this app is confusing to use. This research focuses on measurement and testing based on usability level using the PACMAD model. Data collection was obtained from Performance Measurement, SUS Questionnaire, NASA-TLX Questionnaire, and RTA Questionnaire. The result from this process is measured using usability metrics, statistical testing, and calculation from the questionnaire, respectively. The next process, making a recommendation to improve UI, became a prototype based on The four Golden Rules of User Interface Design. The result of this process showed increased effectiveness 37.22%, efficiency 46.08%, satisfaction 24.25. Furthermore, errors aspect decreased 13.4%, and the cognitive load 18.54.
A Novel Genetic and Intelligent Scheme for Service Trading in IoT Fog Networks
Authors: Alsarhan Ayoub , Alkhawaldeh Bashar , Fahed Al-Serhan Atalla , Alkhalidy Muhsen 
Published: May 2022

The evolution of the current centric cloud to distributed clouds such as fog presents a suitable path to counteract the intolerable processing delays for time-critical applications. It is anticipated that more fog nodes (FN) will be connected to the IoT paradigm to improve the quality of service and meet the requirements of emerging IoT applications. Typically, the owner manages these FN nodes opening up promising doors towards new business opportunities. Thus, this paper considers fog computing driven network that consists of a set of FNs, distributed on the network edge to serve cloud clients. Cloud service provider (CSP), in turn, can offer new services, define a profile for each service, and set generate revenue. However, new schemes should be developed to make this dynamic business model economically feasible. In this context, we propose a new intelligent scheme for service trading, in which a new genetic algorithm is developed for selecting a set of optimal clients that maximize CSP’s profit using game theory for setting the service price. Game theory captures the conflict between cloud clients and CSP, where clients and CSP try to maximize their respective utilities. While CSP attempts to maximize profit, each client tries to negotiate for a lower service price. Simulation results stress that the CSP can maximize profit by utilizing computational resources efficiently and selecting service requests with the highest possible bid.
Training in Management of COVID-19 Cases among First Responders before Deployment to Makeshift COVID Hospital
Authors: Yadav Arun Kumar , Singhal Anuj , Kompella Kiran K. , Menon Anand S. , Mahajan Saurabh 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic commenced in China in December 2019 and has since become a major public health problem. India, as a country, faced many challenges in preparing for the coronavirus pandemic. Due to the novelty of the disease, high infectivity rates, and constant risk of health-care workers (HCWs) getting infected, the training of the first responder, including primary care physicians, in the management of COVID-19 is paramount importance. This study analyses the benefits of a short training session imparted to HCWs involved in a makeshift COVID-19 hospital.

Methodology:
A structured training program consisting of lectures and workshops was formed for the HCWs detailed for the COVID-19 hospital. A questionnaire was prepared and administered to HCWs pre- and post-training sessions. Paired t-test was used to determine the mean difference, and P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 260 HCWs participated in the study. The doctors gained the most in the critical care aspect, especially in oxygen requirement for the patient and knowledge of oxygen delivery by various apparatuses. The nurses showed a significant improvement in knowledge regarding recommended drugs for severe COVID cases (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
HCWs are required to man the COVID facility at very short notice. The article showed the utility of short, structured, and quick training for HCWs. Regular training sessions are important in this regard, and there is a requirement for standardization of the training program and curriculum.
Comparative Evaluation between the LaxaPlus Barij® and Polyethylene Glycol (4000) in the Pediatric Functional Constipation in Children 2–15 Years Old
Authors: Nasri Peiman , Saeidi Shima , Saneian Hosein , Famouri Fatemeh , Sadeghi Somayeh , Kashani Leila Mohammad Taghizadeh , Khademian Majid 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the LaxaPlus Barij® and polyethylene glycol (4000) in pediatric (children 2–15 years old) functional constipation.

Methods:
The present study is a randomized clinical trial. The study population included patients with functional constipation aged 2–15 years who were referred to the gastrointestinal clinic of Imam Hossein hospital in Isfahan in 2019. Patients were randomly assigned into two treatment groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The significance level in the present study is considered <0.05.

Findings:
Sixty children with functional constipation were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. The present study results showed no significant difference between demographic characteristics, including age, weight, and gender of children with constipation in the two groups (P > 0.05). The present study results showed that both groups’ mean stool consistency and the number of bowel movements increased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, the number of bowel movements in the first group was significantly higher than in the second group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The present study results showed that both drugs effectively treat children with functional constipation. However, after 8 weeks of intervention, the frequency of bowel movements, pain intensity, and abdominal pain in the group LaxaPlus Barij® was more effective. However, the level of satisfaction did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Health-Care Professionals’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding Disposal of Medicines in Primary Health-Care Facilities in South Africa
Authors: Mahlaba Kesentseng Jackson , Helberg Elvera Anna , Godman Brian , Kurdi Amanj , Meyer Johanna Catharina 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Professional nurses, pharmacists, and medical practitioners are responsible for disposing of medicines within health-care facilities. South African regulations stipulate that medicines should not be disposed of through sewage systems because of the potential impact on patients and the environment. Consequently, our objective was to determine knowledge and practices among health-care professionals (HCPs) in South Africa and the information they provide to patients regarding the safe disposal of unused/expired/damaged medicines to provide future guidance with identified concerns.

Methods:
A descriptive study was conducted among 165 HCPs at 16 primary health-care clinics in two subdistricts of the city of Tshwane in Gauteng Province through self-administered questionnaires.

Findings:
Only 23.5% of HCPs stated that they participated in destroying medicines within their facilities. More than half (65.1%) also reported that they always counsel patients regarding the safe storage of their medicines in their homes, with 27.9% indicating they counsel patients on the safe disposal of their medicines during consultations. More than half (65.1%) also reported that patients never asked about the disposal of medicines. Of concern is that incineration (31.9%), flushing down the toilet (20.6%), and flushing down the sink (9.9%) were regarded by HCPs as correct disposal methods, while 9.6% stated that they did not know the correct methods. In addition, 71.1% reported never receiving training regarding the safe disposal of medicine.

Conclusion:
There is an urgent need to educate HCPs regarding appropriate medicine waste disposal in South Africa. This can start with including this topic in the curriculum of HCPs, including pharmacists, and continuing post qualification.
Effect of spironolactone on vascular stiffness in hemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Eklund Michael , Hellberg Olof , Furuland Hans , Cao Yang , Wall Kent , Nilsson Erik 
Published: May 2022

Background: The role of spironolactone treatment in hemodialysis patients is debated, but a survival benefit is suggested. Mineralocorticoids and chronic kidney disease have been linked to cardiovascular fibrosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that spironolactone would affect vascular stiffness, cardiac systolic, and diastolic function in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: This was a randomized crossover study in hemodialysis patients supplemented with an echocardiographic case series. All outcomes reported here were secondary in the trial and were assessed without blinding. Block randomization and allocation determined treatment order. Participants received 50 mg spironolactone daily for 12 weeks and untreated observation for another 12 weeks. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured before and after treatment and observation. Doppler-echocardiography was conducted before and after treatment. Systemic arterial compliance indexed to body surface area (SACi), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the peak early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E), the peak late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (A), and the peak early diastolic myocardial lengthening velocity (E’) were measured. E/A and E/E’ were then calculated. Statistical analyses were conducted per protocol. A generalized linear mixed model with random participant effects was used for PWV. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for echocardiographic variables.
Results: Thirty participants were recruited, 18 completed follow-up, and 17 were included in PWV-analyses. Spironolactone treatment showed a tendency toward an increase in PWV of 1.34 (95% confidence interval: −0.11 to 2.78) m/s, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). There were no significant changes in any of the other variables (LVEF, E/A, E/Eʹ, or SACi).
Conclusions: We found no evidence supporting an effect of 12-week administration of spironolactone 50 mg daily on vascular stiffness, cardiac systolic, or diastolic function in hemodialysis patients.
Os povos do Opará: Fraturas contra-coloniais na formação territorial brasileira
Authors: Da Silva Beatriz Barbosa 
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho tem como intuito analisar as origens da formação territorial do Brasil, que encontram-se assentadas em bases coloniais, investigando como essa organização espacial se perpetua há mais de cinco séculos na sociedade brasileira, se aprofundando e vestindo novas roupagens - como o desenvolvimentismo e o neoextrativismo -. A partir disso, buscaremos evidenciar as limitações desse modo de produção do espaço, trazendo à superfície a existência de fraturas contra-coloniais, que resistem e questionam a hegemonia desse sistema moderno-colonial. Dessa maneira, apresentaremos o espaço de retomada iniciada na TI Entre Serras Pankararu, localizada no Sertão do São Francisco, estado de Pernambuco, como uma possibilidade de construção de horizontes emancipatórios e autônomos.
Camponeses e a construção da soberania alimentar na Paraíba: entre disputas, retrocessos e esperanças
Authors: De Lima Aline Barboza 
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo analisamos a construção da soberania alimentar pelo campesinato, a partir das diferenças entre os termos segurança e soberania alimentar e sua relação com as diferentes classes sociais. A partir da crise econômica e política de 2015, procuramos relacionar as políticas públicas de combate à fome com os indicadores de segurança alimentar. Realizamos uma revisão de literatura sobre segurança alimentar, soberania alimentar, classes camponesas e relações capitalistas no campo. Além disso, identificamos atividades realizadas no estado da Paraíba por associações camponesas que constroem ações ligadas à soberania alimentar. A partir dos estudos, observamos que a redução nos indicadores de segurança alimentar no Brasil, e em particular no estado da Paraíba, reflete os cortes governamentais em políticas públicas de combate à fome, além da paralisação da reforma agrária.Palavras-chaves: Soberania alimentar; camponeses; políticas públicas de combate à fome.
Nunc quid undique ablatum sit ostendunt (Cic. Verr., 2, 4, 132). Immagini e memoria nelle Verrine di Cicerone
Authors: Caminneci Valentina 
Published: May 2022

Proponiamo alcune considerazioni sul tema della memoria attraverso passi scelti delle Verrine di Cicerone, che rappresentano, accanto alle fonti archeologiche, una testimonianza fondamentale per lo studio della Sicilia di età tardorepubblicana.
Le opere d’arte siracusane facenti parte del bottino di Marcello sono all’origine di una vera e propria svolta nel gusto dei Romani, attratti per la prima volta dal fascino irresistibile dell’arte greca. La dispersione delle opere determinata dal fenomeno dilagante del collezionismo privato e dai furti di Verre innesca un processo distruttivo della memoria identitaria, ancorata alle immagini, indissolubilmente legate al loro contesto di appartenenza.
La lettura delle Verrine, e del De signis in particolare, offre spunti attuali di riflessione, specie riguardo alla piaga del commercio clandestino delle opere d’arte.
Nghiên cứu nồng độ vitamin D và IL-17 huyết thanh trước và sau điều trị và mối liên quan của chúng với biểu hiện lâm sàng ở bệnh nhân trứng cá thông thường mức độ trung bình và nặng
Authors: Na Phạm Thị Bích 
Published: May 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định nồng độ vitamin D (Vit D) và IL-17 huyết thanh ở bệnh nhân trứng cá thông thường (TCTT) mức độ trung bình và nặng trước và sau điều trị bằng uống isotretinoin và vitamin D; phân tích mối liên quan của chúng với biểu hiện lâm sàng của bệnh. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 70 bệnh nhân TCTT mức độ trung bình và nặng điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện Da liễu Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và 70 người đối chứng khoẻ mạnh. Phương pháp tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang có đối chứng. Kết quả: Nồng độ vitamin D và IL-17 ở bệnh nhân TCTT mức độ trung bình và nặng khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê so với người khoẻ mạnh đối chứng và liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê với giới tính, độ tuổi, thói quen sử dụng kem chống nắng, nhưng không khác biệt theo mức độ nặng của bệnh trứng cá. Sau điều trị, nồng độ Vit D huyết thanh tăng và IL-17 huyết thanh giảm có ý nghĩa thống kê so với trước điều trị ở cả nhóm sử dụng isotretinoin phối hợp vitamin D đường uống lẫn nhóm chỉ sử dụng isotretinoin đơn thuần, tuy nhiên không có sự khác biệt khi so sánh 2 nhóm này sau điều trị với nhau. Kết luận: Nồng độ vitamin D và IL-17 huyết thanh ở bệnh nhân TCTT mức độ trung bình và nặng khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê so với nhóm người khoẻ mạnh. Có sự thay đổi nồng độ vitamin D và IL-17 huyết thanh trước và sau điều trị với Isotretinoin và vitamin D đường uống.
AS VANTAGENS DO ORLISTAT SOBRE À SIBUTRAMINA NO TRATAMENTO DA OBESIDADE EM RELAÇÃO AOS SEUS EFEITOS COLATERAIS
Authors: Alves Estefânia , MIRANDA Camila Vicente de 
Published: May 2022

Resumo

A obesidade é caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo no corpo. É considerada uma doença causada por múltiplos fatores, dependente da interação de fatores genéticos, metabólicos, sociais, comportamentais e culturais, estando na maioria das vezes relacionada ao abuso de ingestão calórica e ao sedentarismo. Atualmente é descrita como um grave problema de saúde pública mundial e no Brasil a prevalência é de 4 a cada 10 indivíduos. Esse dado pode ser atribuído às rotinas sobrecarregadas dos dias atuais que resultam na falta de tempo e disposição para realização de atividade física e no maior consumo de alimentos industrializados hipercalóricos, consequentemente o indivíduo opta pela procura de métodos que proporcionam soluções mais imediatas, como por exemplo o tratamento farmacológico. Este trabalho buscou reunir estas informações por meio uma revisão baseada em buscas detalhadas na literatura, com o intuito de esclarecer as principais ações do Orlistat no tratamento da obesidade. Utilizou-se as bases de dados Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed e o portal do Ministério da Saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os efeitos emagrecedores do Orlistat e suas vantagens como tratamento farmacológico da obesidade. O Orlistat apresenta vantagens na sua utilização quando comparado com a Sibutramina, utilizados na perda de peso, pois em baixas doses ele não consegue ser absorvido pela corrente sanguínea, tornando-se um fármaco seguro e com poucas interações medicamentosas, e por não atuar no Sistema Nervoso Central, torna-se incapaz de causar dependência química e tem efeitos indiretos relacionados ao controle de pressão arterial, melhora da glicemia de jejum, diminuição da incidência de diabetes e de doenças cardíacas em pacientes de alto risco.