bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of low-cost heterodyne interferometer with virtual electronic phasemeter
Authors: Jan Chia-Ming , Liu Chien-Sheng , Lin Chen-Yu 
Published: June 2022

Commercial laser interferometers are conventionally used to measure the positioning error of a long linear stage in multiaxis computer numerical control machine tools. However, commercial laser interferometers are costly and difficult to use. Therefore, a low-cost photodetector-based heterodyne interferometer combined with an electronic phasemeter module was proposed for precise measurement of the positioning error of a long linear stage. The proposed heterodyne interferometer was combined with a virtual electronic phasemeter that employs a self-developed signal-processing technique. Our core algorithm and proposed photoelectric-signal-processing technique were developed using the LabVIEW human–machine interface. Moreover, to verify the performance of the proposed heterodyne interferometer, a laboratory-built prototype was constructed and used to measure the positioning error of a long linear stage. The experimental results indicated that the positioning accuracy of the proposed interferometer was ±4.5 μm for a linear stage with a displacement of 250 mm; the results obtained were comparable to those obtained with a commercially available laser interferometer. The proposed heterodyne interferometer can thus be used in other applications related to precision engineering.
A Psychology Learning Community for Transfer Majors: Its Impact on Student Performance and Perceptions During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Buch Kim , O’Reilly Elaine 
Published: June 2022

Background Transfer students are a growing population of undergraduate psychology majors who are academically at-risk but often underserved by 4-year institutions. Objective We describe a transfer learning community (TLC) for entering psychology transfer students and report its impact on participants social and academic integration and success. Method A mixed-method design was used to compare academic success metrics (archival measures of first-semester grade point average and probation rates) of participants with entering transfer majors not participating in the learning community. A participant survey was also created and used to measure student perceptions of the TLC, as well as perceived challenges of transferring during the Covid-19 pandemic and how the TLC helped to mitigate them. Results During its first year, the TLC served 72 entering transfer majors across two cohorts. Participants significantly out-performed non-participant psychology transfer majors on first-semester grade point average and were significantly less likely to be placed on academic probation after their first semester than non-participant transfer majors. Conclusion The widely-reported benefits of learning communities for first-year psychology students are adaptable to the more at-risk population of transfer students. Teaching Implications Technology-enabled teaching tools can be used to build virtual community in hybrid and synchronous online learning environments.
A Personal Journey of Studying Positive Psychology: Reflections of Undergraduate Students in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shrivastava Anita , Azhar Humna , Hyland Lynda 
Published: June 2022

Background An increasing number of undergraduate positive psychology courses offer students a holistic view of the broader discipline of psychology. Even short-term participation in positive psychology activities as part of a taught course may improve psychological well-being and lower stress. However, there is a dearth of qualitative evidence on how students experience this learning process. Objective This study aimed to explore UAE-based undergraduate students’ reflections on their experiences of an elective positive psychology course and their participation in various positive psychology interventions (PPIs). Method This qualitative study explored 21 UAE-based undergraduate students’ reflections on taking a semester-long positive psychology course, in which they participated in PPIs. The rich data from semi-structured interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Three main themes emerged, namely rethinking positive psychology, changes in perspective on happiness and search for positivity, and enhanced relationships. Conclusion and Teaching Implications The study suggests that positive psychology may reach past the time and space of the taught course and have at least a short-term positive impact on students' mental and social lives. Findings from this study imply the potential of positive psychology in higher education and point towards further integration of such courses in undergraduate programs in the UAE and beyond.
Exploring the Intersectional Development of Computer Science Identities in Young Latinas
Authors: Rawhiya Jacob Sharin , Montoya Jonathan , Warschauer Mark 
Published: June 2022

Background: There has been a dearth of research on intersectional identities in STEM, including the fields of computing and engineering. In computing education research, much work has been done on broadening participation, but there has been little investigation into how the field of computer science (CS) presents opportunities for students with strong intersectional identities. This study explores the strengths and connections among the unique identities and the symbiotic relationships that elementary Latina students hold in CS identity attainment. Purpose: The aim of this article is to better understand how predominantly low-income, multilingual Latina students experience identity development through the lens of diverse group membership. We examine how young Latinas, through their participation in a yearlong culturally and linguistically responsive CS curriculum, leverage their intersecting identities to rewrite the formula of what a computer scientist is and can be, leaving space to include and invite other strong identities as well. Research Design: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used that analyzed data from predominantly low-income, multilingual Latinas in upper elementary grades, including pre- and post-CS identity surveys (N = 50) delivered before and after implementation of the curriculum, and eight individual semi-structured student interviews. Findings: We found that Latina students developed significantly stronger identification with the field of CS from the beginning to the end of the school year with regard to their experiences with CS, perception of themselves as computer scientists, family support for CS and school, and friend support for CS and school. Interviews revealed that perception of their CS ability greatly influenced identification with CS and that girls’ self-perceptions stemmed from their school, cultural, and home learning environments. Conclusion: Our results highlight the wealth of resources that Latinas bring to the classroom through their home- and community-based assets, which are characterized by intersecting group membership. Students did not report on the intersection between language and CS identity development, which warrants further investigation.
Taking an Asset-Based Approach in the Use of a Culturally Located Task to Construct Functional Reasoning
Authors: Hunter Roberta , Hunter Jodie , Gibbs Bronwyn 
Published: June 2022

Background: Algebra has traditionally been seen as a site of inequity and a gatekeeper for marginalized learners within both national and international studies. However, considerable research has shown that taking an asset-based approach in mathematics teaching improves learning for marginalized students, including Māori and Pāsifika learners. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to explore how a culturally located task set with a familiar Pāsifika context and within an algebraic frame was mathematized to support rich understandings. The focus was placed on how Pāsifika and Māori students drew on multimodal forms of communication (gesture, drawings, language, and symbols) to collectively make sense of a culturally located growing pattern task designed to develop functional reasoning. Research Design: The 12 student participants in the study were aged between 11 and 12 years and were of Māori and Pāsifika nations ethnicity, as were their teacher and the two researchers. The lesson reported on in this study was one of eight lessons and was representative of all lessons as the teacher and students drew on a variety of multimodal means of communication to construct functional reasoning. The design drew on both qualitative case study and design research. Data collection tools included interviews, video-recorded classroom observations, field notes, and photographs of work samples. The research design and analysis were informed through use of the Ula model as appropriate to all participants’ Pāsifika ethnicity. Similarly, storying was used, given that it is a traditional form of sharing used by indigenous peoples. Findings: Clearly evident in the results was how use of a culturally located task within a known context and the teacher’s asset-based approach supported students to engage in a challenging algebraic task. Multimodal forms of representation as reasoning and communication tools supported them to access more sophisticated forms of algebraic understandings as they began to generalize recursive, covarying, and correspondence relationships in increasingly sophisticated ways. Use of body language and gesturing was central to their communication, as was use of their first language and natural language. Conclusions/Recommendations: To change the gatekeeping role of algebra, teachers need to take a strength-based perspective and draw on what students bring to school as valued knowledge. For all students to access powerful ways of reasoning algebraically, the key role of many multimodal forms of communication needs to be recognized and affirmed.
A population-health approach to characterizing migraine by comorbidity: Results from the Mindfulness and Migraine Cohort Study
Authors: Sudat Sylvia EK , Jacobson Alice S , Avins Andrew L , Lipton Richard B , Pressman Alice R 
Published: June 2022

Background The heterogeneity of migraine has been reported extensively, with identified subgroups usually based on symptoms. Grouping individuals with migraine and similar comorbidity profiles has been suggested, however such segmentation methods have not been tested using real-world clinical data. Objective To gain insights into natural groupings of patients with migraine using latent class analysis based on electronic health record-determined comorbidities. Methods Retrospective electronic health record data analysis of primary-care patients at Sutter Health, a large open healthcare system in Northern California, USA. We identified migraine patients over a five-year time period (2015–2019) and extracted 29 comorbidities. We then applied latent class analysis to identify comorbidity-based natural subgroups. Results We identified 95,563 patients with migraine and found seven latent classes, summarized by their predominant comorbidities and population share: fewest comorbidities (61.8%), psychiatric (18.3%), some comorbidities (10.0%), most comorbidities – no cardiovascular (3.6%), vascular (3.1%), autoimmune/joint/pain (2.2%), and most comorbidities (1.0%). We found minimal demographic differences across classes. Conclusion Our study found groupings of migraine patients based on comorbidity that have the potential to be used to guide targeted treatment strategies and the development of new therapies.
Investigation of thermal, antibacterial and heavy metal ion removal behavior of polyamide/polyimide iron oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Amininasab S. Mojtaba , Rezapour Reza , Mohammadi Parisa , Khaki Diyari , Mighani Hossein 
Published: June 2022

In this study, a newly-designed diamine (DA) containing pyridine and carbazole groups was synthesized and the relevant polyamides (PAs) and polyimides (PIs) were prepared by polymerization reaction between the DA monomer and terephthalic acid, adipic acid, and pyromellitic dianhydride. In addition, polymer nanocomposites were prepared through a combination of the synthesized polymers with modified magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), field emitting scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analyses. All of the synthesized properties of compounds such as thermal stability, viscosity, elimination capability of heavy metals ions adsorption, and antibacterial activity were investigated. Polyamides and PI showed good solubility in aprotic solvents and the viscosity was in the range of 0.72–0.89 dL/g. Also, the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of synthetic polymers was in the range of 214–273°C and 10% weight loss temperatures (T10%) for the synthesized compounds were in the temperature range of 280–492°C in N2, and the percentage of residual ash between 61 and 74%. The adsorption rate of Hg2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Cr2+, and Cd2+ metal ions by PA containing terephthalic acid (PAT) and its nanocomposite (NCPAT) showed that nanocomposite has a better performance compared to PAT. The highest and lowest removal efficiency was related to Hg2+ and Pb2+ ion, respectively. Finally, antibacterial test results against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed favorable inhibitory effects of all the synthesized polymers.
Perioperative Pain Management After Primary Palate Repair: A 3-Surgeon Retrospective Study
Authors: Ganske Ingrid M. , Langa Olivia C. , Cappitelli Alex T. , Nuzzi Laura C. , Staffa Steven J. , DiTullio Nancy , Fullerton Zoe , Alrayashi Walid , Meara John G. , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R. 
Published: June 2022

Objective Pain management strategies following palatoplasty vary substantially. Despite efforts to reduce narcotic utilization, specific analgesic regimens are typically guided by surgeon preference. Our aim was to define analgesic variables that affect postoperative narcotic use and time to resumption of oral intake. Design This is a retrospective review from 2015 to 2018. Patients Nonsyndromic patients undergoing primary palate repair. Main Outcomes Measures Analgesic variables included: local anesthetic, pterygopalatine ganglion nerve block, palatal pack, and postoperative use of ketorolac, dexamethasone, and nursing-controlled analgesia (NCA) opioid dosing. Proxy measures for pain included time to resumption of oral intake and morphine equivalence (mg/kg/h) administered. Results Veau phenotypes for the 111 patients included were: I (28%), II (19%), III (33%), IV (16%), and submucous (4%). Age, weight, local anesthetic, and postoperative use of ketorolac, dexamethasone, and palatal pack had no effect on either proxy measure ( P > .05). Postoperative narcotic usage was significantly lower in patients who had an intraoperative suprazygomatic peripheral nerve block and significantly higher when NCA was utilized ( P < .05). Neither variable had a significant impact on time to resumption of oral intake ( P > .05). Conclusion Several perioperative analgesic strategies lead to comparable postoperative consumption of narcotic and time to resume oral intake. The authors advise careful consideration of NCA due to the potential for increased narcotic utilization that we found in our institution. Based on our promising findings, further studies are warranted to assess risks, benefits, and costs of performing peripheral nerve blocks at the time of palatoplasty.
Differences in Practice in Alveolar Bone Grafting Among American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association Members
Authors: Zielinski Eric , Santiago Chiara N. , Santiago Gaia S. , Zelko Ian , Hlavin Robert , Choudhary Akriti , Purnell Chad A. 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine areas of agreement and disagreement among American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA)members in the clinical practice of alveolar bone grafting (ABG), to guide further research to optimize ABG practices. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The respondents were in an academic, combination, or private practice. The respondents were either plastic or oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) from various countries. A de-identified 24-question online survey was distributed to ACPA surgeon members utilizing the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool. Data collected included surgeon specialty, use of various alveolar bone graft surgical techniques, as well as protocols. There was more variability than consensus between specialties with regards to the preoperative workup, timing of surgery, materials used for bone graft, surgical techniques, perioperative management, and postoperative evaluation. There was consensus on grafting during mixed dentition, not staging soft and hard tissue closure, and using iliac crest for primary and secondary grafting. Disagreements involved factors used to time the procedure and type of imaging used to assess viability. Technical differences involved incision type, part of bone grafted, use of minimally invasive technique, and material used for revisions. Aside from areas of consensus among surgeons on ABG, several areas, including use of bone substitutes in revision grafting, incision and type of iliac crest graft used during initial grafting, and postoperative protocols, had no consensus. These areas should be targets of further research to determine if there truly is an optimal method to perform ABG. The study was approved by the University of Illinois at Chicago Institutional Review Board. A de-identified 24-question online survey was distributed to surgeon members of the ACPA utilizing the REDCap tool on August 7, 2020. The survey questions consisted of multiple choice and multiple selection questions including an option to select “other” and specify the information in a blank space. Data collected included surgeon specialty, use of various alveolar bone graft surgical techniques, as well as pre and postoperative protocols. The full survey is included in online Supplemental material. Data analysis was performed in SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM Corp.). Descriptive statistics were performed, and chi-square was used to test for significant differences in survey responses between groups.
American Indian and Alaska Native Accessibility to Comprehensive Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment
Authors: Wolfswinkel Erik M. , Howell Anna C. , MacDonald Beau , Wilson John P. , Howell Lori K. 
Published: June 2022

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have the highest incidence of cleft lip and palate (orofacial clefts [OFCs]) when compared to other ethnic groups. We aim to determine the AI/AN populations’ proximity and accessibility to American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association accredited centers (ACPA centers) for treatment of OFCs. Our hypothesis is an unacceptable proportion of the AI/AN population lacks reasonable accessibility to ACPA centers and comprehensive craniofacial care. A cross-sectional study of ACPA centers and AI/AN populations were analyzed for possible disparities. ACPA centers were mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and compared with 2018 census population data and 2017 Tribal Census Tract data to visually display possible disparities. Total annual potential pediatric cleft care need for selected high-density AI/AN populated lands were estimated. GIS mapping demonstrates geographical isolation of AI/AN populations from ACPA centers. Two states with high AI/AN populated lands (ND, WY) have no ACPA centers. 47.1% of ACPA centers in high AI/AN populated lands have no craniofacial trained surgeons versus 78.9% craniofacial staffed ACPA centers nationally. The potential unmet cleft and craniofacial care need in selected high-density AI/AN populated lands is 1042 children. AI/AN populations are likely underserved by ACPA centers and by craniofacial fellowship-trained staffed centers. Not addressing OFCs with comprehensive care can lead to worsened outcomes and further marginalization of these children. With future studies, we will be capable of making data-driven, informed decisions to more effectively ensure AI/AN access to comprehensive cleft and craniofacial care.
Comparison of Cleft Lip Nasal Deformities Between Lesser-Form and Incomplete Cleft Lips: Implication for Primary Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Hong Dae Won , Oh Tae-Suk 
Published: June 2022

Objective This study investigated various manifestations of nasal deformities in lesser-form cleft lips, including the minor-form, microform, and mini-microform, by photogrammetric comparison with incomplete cleft lips. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary university-affiliated hospital. Participants A total of 160 patients with unrepaired unilateral incomplete cleft lips ranging from lesser-form to two-thirds way clefts. Main Outcome Measures The severity of nasal deformities was assessed by photogrammetric measurements of linear and angular variables. The symmetry ratio between the cleft and non-cleft sides was obtained by measuring various nasal parameters and comparing them among the different labial cleft groups. Results The degree of nasal deformities increased with the extent of labial clefts among the 3 labial cleft groups (lesser-form, halfway, and two-thirds way clefts) in terms of alar base width ratio (1.102, 1.197, 1.309; P < .05), nostril width ratio (1.287, 1.387, 1.551; P < .05), and columellar angle (11.5, 14.45, 18.197; P < .05). Each parameter indicated lesser-form, halfway, and two-thirds way clefts, respectively. However, only the lateral lip height ratio (0.942, 0.851, 0.87; P < .05) and nostril width ratio (1.207, 1.35, 1.29; P < .05) significantly differed among the 3 subgroups. Each parameter indicated mini-microform, microform, and minor-form, respectively. Conclusions The cleft nasal deformities in lesser-form cleft lip present comparable severities among its subtypes, which implies that the extent of the labial cleft is not correlated with nasal deformities. Each nose in the lesser form cleft should be individually assessed for primary rhinoplasty and requires tailored correction.
Development of a Three-Dimensional Measure of the Calling Work Orientation: Assessing Craftsmanship, Kinship, and Serving
Authors: Sawhney Gargi , Britt Thomas W. , Black Kristen J. , Wilson Chloe 
Published: June 2022

Although conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, the majority of measures of calling are unidimensional. In order to further expand the operationalization of calling, this study developed and validated a measure of the three dimensions of calling, namely, craftsmanship, kinship, and serving using three separate samples. Using a sample of 85 undergraduate students, the pilot study established content validity for the three dimensions of calling. Study 1 aimed to refine the developed measure while assessing its dimensionality across 379 participants from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Furthermore, Study 2 provided evidence of construct and criterion-related validity, as well as test-retest reliability over a period of 3 months across 301 MTurk participants. Recommendations for future research utilizing the more focused dimensions of calling are discussed.