bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accessing veterinary healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed‐methods analysis of UK and Republic of Ireland dog owners’ concerns and experiences
Authors: Owczarczak‐Garstecka Sara C. , Holland Katrina E. , Anderson Katharine L. , Casey Rachel A. , Christley Robert M. , Harris Lauren , McMillan Kirsten M. , Mead Rebecca , Murray Jane K. , Samet Lauren , Upjohn Melissa M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored dog owners’ concerns and experiences related to accessing veterinary healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsData were obtained through two cross‐sectional owner‐completed surveys conducted in May (first nationwide lockdown) and October 2020 and owner‐completed diaries (April‐November 2020). Diaries and relevant open‐ended survey questions were analysed qualitatively to identify themes. Survey responses concerning veterinary healthcare access were summarised and compared using chi‐square tests.ResultsDuring the initial months of the pandemic, veterinary healthcare availability worried 32.4% (n = 1431/4922) of respondents. However, between 23 March and 4 November 2020, 99.5% (n = 1794/1843) of those needing to contact a veterinarian managed to do so. Delays/cancellations of procedures affected 28.0% (n = 82/293) of dogs that owners planned to neuter and 34.2% (n = 460/1346) of dogs that owners intended to vaccinate. Qualitative themes included COVID‐19 safety precautions, availability of veterinary healthcare and the veterinarian‐client relationship.ConclusionVeterinary healthcare availability concerned many owners during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Access to veterinary healthcare for emergencies remained largely available, but prophylactic treatments were delayed for some dogs.
Endoscopy‐assisted transoral approach for parapharyngeal space tumors: Our experience and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Orlando Pietro , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Gallo Oreste , Leopardi Gianluca , Maggiore Giandomenico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral approaches have been described for the excision of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPSTs). Advances in endoscopy gave a further stimulus to the use of the transoral route.AimsWe present our experience with the endoscopy‐assisted transoral approach (EATA) in this regard and a review of the most recent literature about EATA for PPSTs excision.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed our experience and systematically reviewed the literature about the outcomes of this technique.ResultsSeven PPSTs were completely excised, with three of them requiring a combined transcervical approach. Only one case of postoperative wound dehiscence was registered, and the mean length of stay was 3.9 days. Final histopathological examination confirmed the results obtained with preoperative fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in all cases and no recurrences were apparent after a mean follow‐up of 28.1 months.DiscussionMagnetic resonance imaging, the modified Mallampati score and the 8 Ts criteria are useful instruments for the choice of the most appropriate surgical approach.ConclusionIn light of our experience and following other published series in the literature, we believe that EATA may represent a safe and effective approach for the treatment of the majority of PPSTs.
B → Dℓνℓ form factors beyond leading power and extraction of |Vcb| and R(D)
Authors: Gao Jing , Huber Tobias , Ji Yao , Wang Chao , Wang Yu-Ming , Wei Yan-Bing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the subleading-power corrections to the exclusive B → Dℓνℓ form factors at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^0 $$

α
s
0

) in the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) framework by including the two- and three-particle higher-twist contributions from the B-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes up to the twist-six accuracy, by taking into account the subleading terms in expanding the hard-collinear charm-quark propagator, and by evaluating the hadronic matrix element of the subleading effective current "Image missing". Employing further the available leading-power results for the semileptonic B → D form factors at the next-to- leading-logarithmic level and combining our improved LCSR predictions with the recent lattice determinations, we then carry out a comprehensive phenomenological analysis on the semi-leptonic B → Dℓνℓ decay. We extract $$ \left|{V}_{cb}\right|=\left({40.2}_{-0.5}^{+0.6}{\left|{{}_{\mathrm{th}}}_{-1.4}^{+1.4}\right|}_{\mathrm{exp}}\right)\times {10}^{-3}\left(\left|{V}_{cb}\right|=\left({40.9}_{-0.5}^{+0.6}{\left|{{}_{\mathrm{th}}}_{-1.0}^{+1.0}\right|}_{\mathrm{exp}}\right)\times {10}^{-3}\right) $$

V
cb

=

40.2

−
0.5

+
0.6

th

−
1.4

+
1.4

exp

×

10

−
3

V
cb

=

40.9

−
0.5

+
0.6

th

−
1.0

+
1.0

exp

×

10

−
3

using the BaBar (Belle) experimental data, and particularly obtain for the gold-plated ratio R(D) = 0.302 ± 0.003.
Optimal control for a coupled spin-polarized current and magnetization system
Authors: An Xin , Majee Ananta K. , Prohl Andreas , Tran Thanh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to an optimal control problem of a coupled spin drift-diffusion Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert system describing the interplay of magnetization and spin accumulation in magnetic-nonmagnetic multilayer structures, where the control is given by the electric current density. A variational approach is used to prove the existence of an optimal control. The first-order necessary optimality system for the optimal solution is derived in one space-dimension via Lagrange multiplier method. Numerical examples are reported to validate the theoretical findings.
Vitamin D food fortification in European countries: the underused potential to prevent cancer deaths
Authors: Niedermaier Tobias , Gredner Thomas , Kuznia Sabine , Schöttker Ben , Mons Ute , Lakerveld Jeroen , Ahrens Wolfgang , Brenner Hermann ,   On behalf of the PEN-Consortium
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground: Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces cancer mortality by 13%. Vitamin D fortification of foods may increase vitamin D levels in a similar manner as vitamin D supplementation and could achieve similar reductions in cancer mortality. Whereas some European countries already implemented widespread fortification of foods with vitamin D, in other countries only few or no foods are fortified. In this study, we estimated the reduction in cancer mortality presumably already achieved by current fortification policies in 2017 and the potential for further reductions if all countries had effective fortification. Methods: We reviewed scientific literature, publicly available information, and contacted health authorities to obtain information on current vitamin D food fortification policies in 34 European countries. Together with country-specific cancer death statistics from Eurostat, information on life expectancy, and country-specific fortification policies, we used data from studies on supplementation and serum 25(OH)D increases and cancer mortality to estimate numbers of probably already prevented cancer deaths and numbers of potentially further preventable deaths and years of life lost. Results: Current vitamin D fortification is estimated to prevent approximately 11,000 in the European Union and 27,000 cancer deaths in all European countries considered per year. If all countries considered here would implement adequate vitamin D fortification of foods, an estimated additional 129,000 cancer deaths (113,000 in the European Union) could be prevented, corresponding to almost 1.2 million prevented years of life lost (1.0 million in the EU) or approximately 9% of cancer deaths (10% in the EU). Interpretation: Systematic fortification of foods might considerably reduce the burden of cancer deaths in Europe.
State Estimation of Time-Varying MRI with Radial Golden Angle Sampling
Authors: Wettenhovi Ville-Veikko , Kolehmainen Ville , Kettunen Mikko , Gröhn Olli , Vauhkonen Marko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a state estimation approach to time-varying magnetic resonance imaging utilizing a priori information. In state estimation, the time-dependent image reconstruction problem is modeled by separate state evolution and observation models. In our method, we compute the state estimates by using the Kalman filter and steady-state Kalman smoother utilizing a data-driven estimate for the process noise covariance matrix, constructed from conventional sliding window estimates. The proposed approach is evaluated using radially golden angle sampled simulated and experimental small animal data from a rat brain. In our method, the state estimates are updated after each new spoke of radial data becomes available, leading to faster frame rate compared with the conventional approaches. The results are compared with the estimates with the sliding window method. The results show that the state estimation approach with the data-driven process noise covariance can improve both spatial and temporal resolution.
Baseline depressive symptoms, personal control, and concern moderate the effects of preoperative psychological interventions: the randomized controlled PSY-HEART trial
Authors: Horn Nicole , Laferton Johannes A. C. , Shedden-Mora Meike C. , Moosdorf Rainer , Rief Winfried , Salzmann Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether baseline (3–14 days pre-surgery) levels of (i) depressive or (ii) anxiety symptoms and (iii) illness beliefs moderate the effects of additional preoperative interventions before coronary artery bypass graft surgery on (i) depressive or (ii) anxiety symptoms and (iii) illness beliefs 1 day before surgery, 1 week and 6 months after surgery. In the PSY-HEART trial, 115 patients were assessed. They were randomized into one of three groups: 1. receiving standard medical care only (SMC), additional psychological interventions: 2. aiming to optimize patients’ expectations (EXPECT), or 3. focusing on emotional support. Patients with a higher baseline level of depressive symptoms receiving a preoperative psychological intervention indicated lower depressive symptoms 6 months after surgery compared to SMC. EXPECT increased personal control and concern levels in patients with low baseline personal control/concern 1 day before surgery. Brief preoperative psychological interventions can improve psychological outcomes in heart surgery patients. Baseline status may moderate these effects. The study has been approved by the medical ethics committee of the Philipps University of Marburg and has been pre-registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01407055) on August 1, 2011.
False-belief task know-how
Authors: Jurgens Alan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper assumes that success on false-belief tasks requires a kind of folk psychological know-how, i.e. gradable knowledge how to perform skilful social cognitive acts. Following Ryle (Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1946, The Concept of Mind, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1949), it argues the folk psychological know-how required for success on a false-belief task cannot be reduced to conceptual knowledge as this would lead to an infinite regress. Within the skilled performance literature, Intellectualists (Stanley and Williams in Journal of Philosophy 98:411–444, 2001) have attempted to solve Ryle’s regress by appealing to automatic mechanisms similar in kind to some Theory-of-Mind explanations of folk psychology. Exploring this similarity, the paper examines the epistemic commitments of two recent pragmatic Theory-of-Mind accounts (Westra and Carruthers in Cognition 158:165–176, 2017; Fenici in Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2020) of cross-cultural false-belief task data (Shahaeian et al. in Developmental Psychology 47:1239–1247, 2011). By drawing on Fridland’s (Philosophical Studies 165:879–891, 2012) argument against Intellectualist explanations of know-how, it is argued that neither of these pragmatic Theory-of-Mind accounts can adequately explain gradable folk psychological know-how and escape Ryle’s infinite regress objection if these accounts are indeed committed to Intellectualism. The paper ends by supplementing Fenici’s (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2020) account with the enactive framework to both bolster Fenici’s explanation of false-belief task know-how and avoid Ryle’s regress objection.
Cognitive diversity and the contingency of evidence
Authors: Lyons Jack C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany epistemologists endorse a view I call “evidence essentialism:” ifeis evidence ofh, for some agent at some time, then necessarily,eis evidence ofh, for any agent at any time. I argue that such a view is only plausible if we ignore cognitive diversity among epistemic agents, i.e., the fact that different agents have different—sometimes radically different—cognitive skills, abilities, and proclivities. Instead, cognitive diversity shows that evidential relations are contingent and relative to cognizers. This is especially obvious in extreme cases (from pathological to gifted agents) and in connection with epistemic defeat, but it is also very plausibly true of ordinary agents, and regarding prima facie justification.
An 11-year longitudinal analysis of refracture rates and public hospital service utilisation in Australia’s most populous state
Authors: Williamson Jennifer , Michaleff Zoe , Schneuer Francisco , Wong Peter , Needs Christopher , Thompson Julia , Hay Liz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Summary
This detailed 11-year longitudinal analysis calculated the public health cost of managing refractures in people aged ≥ 50 years in Australia’s most populous state. It provides current and projected statewide health system costs associated with managing osteoporosis and provides a foundation to evaluate a novel statewide model of fracture prevention.

Purpose
The purpose of this longitudinal analysis was to calculate current and projected refracture rates and associated public hospital utilisation and costs in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. These results will be used to inform scaled implementation and evaluation of a statewide Osteoporotic Refracture Prevention (ORP) model of care.

Methods
Linked administrative data (inpatient admissions, outpatient attendances, Emergency Department presentations, deaths, cost) were used to calculate annual refracture rates and refracture-related service utilisation between 2007 and 2018 and healthcare costs between 2008 and 2019. Projections for the next decade were made using ‘business-as-usual’ modelling.

Results
Between 2007 and 2018, 388,743 people aged ≥ 50 years experienced an index fracture and 81,601 had a refracture. Refracture was more common in older people (rising from a cumulative refracture rate at 5 years of 14% in those aged 50–64 years, to 44% in those aged > 90 years), women with a major index fracture (5-year cumulative refracture rate of 26% in females, compared to 19% for males) or minimal trauma index fracture and those with an osteoporosis diagnosis (5-year cumulative refracture rate of 36% and 22%, respectively in those with and without an osteoporosis diagnosis). Refractures increased from 8774 in 2008 to 14,323 in 2018. The annual cost of refracture to NSW Health increased from AU$130 million in 2009 to AU$194 million in 2019. It is projected that, over the next decade, if nothing changes, 292,537 refracture-related hospital admissions and Emergency Department presentations and 570,000 outpatient attendances will occur, at an estimated total cost to NSW Health of AU$2.4 billion.

Conclusion
This analysis provides a detailed picture of refractures and associated projected service utilisation and costs over the next decade in Australia’s most populous state. Understanding the burden of refracture provides a foundation for evaluation of a novel statewide ORP model of care to prevent refractures in people aged ≥ 50 years.
Complete photonic bandgap in silicon nitride slab assisted by effective index difference between polarizations
Authors: Ma Can , Hou Jin , Yang Chunyong , Shi Ming , Chen Shaoping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe slab effective index difference between the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations was utilized to obtain complete photonic bandgap (CPBG) in a silicon nitride (SixNy) photonic crystal slab. For this, coincident frequency range in the TE photonic bandgap (PBG) and TM PBG, which denotes the CPBGs of the slab, must be found with the same structure. Through adjusting the effective index pair of TE and TM polarizations by changing the thickness of the SixNy core layer, and also optimizing the structure parameters within the photonic crystal plane, a large normalized CPBG of 5.62% was theoretically obtained in a slab of SixNy with a refractive index of 2.5. Moreover, based on the obtained CPBG, a microcavity which could support both TE and TM polarization was theoretically demonstrated. The cavity modes for different polarizations were both well confined, which proved the reliability of the CPBG. In addition, using the same method, the lowest refractive index of SixNy on silica slab for a CPBG could be extended to as low as 2. The results indicate that there is potential for development of various high-performance CPBG devices based on SixNy slab technology.
Graphical Abstract
Association of Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescence and School Dropout
Authors: Askeland Kristin Gärtner , Bøe Tormod , Sivertsen Børge , Linton Steven J. , Heradstveit Ove , Nilsen Sondre Aasen , Hysing Mari 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between symptoms of depression in late adolescence and completion of upper secondary school, taking symptoms of ADHD and conduct disorder, and parental education into account. The study is based on the youth@hordaland-survey, conducted in Western Norway in 2012. A total of 9157 adolescents (aged 16–19 years, 53% girls) consented to participation and registry linkage and comprised the sample of the present study. Symptoms of depression, ADHD, and conduct disorder were based on adolescent self-report. Information on parental education, grade point average (GPA), and upper secondary school completion was retrieved from the National Education Database. In the sample, 14.8% had not completed upper secondary education within 5 years. Symptoms of depression were associated with higher odds of failure to graduate within 5 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.50). The association was attenuated but remained significant when adjusting for symptoms of ADHD, conduct disorder, and parental education. Adolescents reporting high levels of both depression and conduct disorder had the highest odds of dropout (AOR = 4.15). GPA partially mediated the association between symptoms of depression and dropout. The results show a consistent, but small association between symptoms of depression in late adolescence and failure to complete upper secondary education within five years. Given the high rate of depressive symptoms in the adolescent population, it is important to identify protective factors that promote school functioning and graduation for adolescents experiencing such symptoms.
Co-designing models for the communication of genomic results for rare diseases: a comparative study in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom
Authors: Costa Alessia , Franková Věra , Robert Glenn , Macek Milan , Patch Christine , Alexander Elizabeth , Arellanesova Anna , Clayton-Smith Jill , Hunter Amy , Havlovicová Markéta , Pourová Radka , Pritchard Marie , Roberts Lauren , Zoubková Veronika , Metcalfe Alison 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe communication of genomic results to patients and families with rare diseases raise distinctive challenges. However, there is little evidence about optimal methods to communicate results to this group of service users. To address this gap, we worked with rare disease families and health professionals from two genetic/genomic services, one in the United Kingdom and one in the Czech Republic, to co-design that best meet their needs. Using the participatory methodology of Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD), we conducted observations of clinical appointments (n=49) and interviews with family participants (n=23) and health professionals (n=22) to gather their experience of sharing/receiving results. The findings informed a facilitated co-design process, comprising 3 feedback events at each site and a series of meetings and remote consultations. Participants identified a total of four areas of current service models in need of improvement, and co-designed six prototypes of quality improvement interventions. The main finding was the identification of post-test care as the shared priority for improvement for both health professionals and families at the two sites. Our findings indicate the need to strengthen the link between diagnostics (whether or not a pathogenic variant is found) and post-test care, including psychosocial and community support. This raises implications for the reconfigurations of genomic service models, the redefinition of professional roles and responsibilities and the involvement of rare disease patients and families in health care research.
Sustainable wastewater management from shale oil production wells: emerging opportunities and barriers
Authors: Wang Zeqi , Akhavan Milad , Kashkouli Mohammad Nabi Ilani , Opulencia Maria Jade Catalan , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Van Tuan Pham , Davarpanah Afshin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the production from shale oil formations, the produced water has been dedicated to different procedures such as chemical enhanced oil recoveries, drilling mud making (e.g., for various purposes of lubrication and cooling) and hydraulic fracturing. One of the main challenges of wastewater treatment corresponds to (TDS) total dissolved solids. To measure the required water needed for different processes, it is necessary to proceed with every step saving and then make an average to calculate the required freshwater. In this regard, we have selected five different oil wells with the same rock and reservoir characteristics. SOW#3 has the highest rate of treatment (26%) and SOW#1 has the minimum treated wastewater during hydraulic fracturing processes. It corresponds to the large volume of solid and oil particles, which remained in the treatment devices. However, it is observed that SOW#1 has the highest rate of treatment (32%) and SOW#4 has the minimum treated wastewater (14%) in chemical enhanced oil recovery methods. On the other hand, SOW#3 has the highest rate of treatment (27%) and SOW#5 has the minimum treated wastewater from drilling mud preparation and other well facilities. It is observed that SOW#1 has the highest rate of treatment (27%) and SOW#5 has the minimum saving water during hydraulic fracturing processes, SOW#1 has the highest rate of treatment (38%) and SOW#4 has the minimum saving water (9%).
Preparation of mesoporous activated carbon from novel African walnut shells (AWS) for deltamethrin removal: kinetics and equilibrium studies
Authors: Oba Oluwasuyi Ayobami , Pasaoglulari Aydinlik Nur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNovel African walnut shell (AWS) was treated and improved as an agricultural waste by-product to produce high surface area activated carbon via chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to achieve extremely effective adsorptive characteristics for deltamethrin removal. The adsorbent (KOHAWS) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, and pH point of zero charge (PHPZC). Batch sorption experiments were investigated to study the effect of pH, initial concentration and contact time, sorbent dosage, and agitation speed. The results reveal that the experimental data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.997) with maximum adsorption capacity at 57.64 mg g−1and the kinetics of the sorption follows the pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.995). The sorption of deltamethrin onto KOHAWS reveals a high removal efficiency of 98.2%. The findings show that the novel AWS has excellent regeneration and reusability properties and may be used to remove pesticides from aqueous solutions instead of conventional activated carbon.