bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-V600E/K BRAF Mutations in Metastatic Melanoma: Molecular Description, Frequency, and Effectiveness of Targeted Therapy in a Large National Cohort
Authors: Girod Manon , Dalle Stéphane , Mortier Laurent , Dalac Sophie , Leccia Marie-Thèrèse , Dutriaux Caroline , Montaudié Henri , de Quatrebarbes Julie , Lesimple Thierry , Brunet-Possenti Florence , Saiag Philippe , Maubec Eve , Legoupil Delphine , Stoebner Pierre-Emmanuel , Arnault Jean Philippe , Lefevre Wendy , Lebbe Celeste , Dereure Olivier 
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE Mitogen-activating protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKis) are largely used in V600E/K BRAF–mutated metastatic melanomas, but data regarding effectiveness of targeted therapy in patients with rare BRAF mutations and molecular description of these infrequent mutations are scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter study was conducted on patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a well-identified mutation of BRAF and enrolled from March 2013 to June 2021 in the French nationwide prospective cohort MelBase. The molecular BRAF mutation pattern, response to MAPKis when applicable, and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS Of 856 selected patients, 51 (6%) harbored a non-V600E/K BRAF mutation involving codons V600 (24 of 51, 47%; V600G 27.4%, V600R 15.6%), K601 (6 of 51, 11.7%), and L597 (4 of 51, 7.8%). An objective response to MAPKis either BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) alone or combined with MEK inhibitor was achieved in 56% (353 of 631) of V600E/K, 58% (11 of 19) of non-E/K V600, and 22% (2 of 9) of non-V600 BRAF-mutated patients, with a median progression-free survival of 7.7, 7.8, and 2.8 months, respectively. Overall, objective response rate was higher with BRAFi + MEK inhibitor combination than with BRAFi in monotherapy for each subset. CONCLUSION Rare BRAF mutations are not anecdotal in the metastatic melanoma population. Although data interpretation must remain careful owing to the limited size of some subsets of patients, non-E/K V600 BRAF mutations seem to confer a high sensitivity to targeted therapy, whereas MAPKis seem less effective in patients with non-V600 BRAF mutations. However, this strategy may be used as an alternative option in the case of immunotherapy failure in the latter population.
SomaticIDH1Hotspot Variants in Chinese Patients With Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Authors: Li Minghao , He Yazhi , Pang Yingxian , Zhang Jing , Feng Yu , He Yao , Xu Xiaowen , Wei Yongbao , Zhong Dewen , Deng Wanglong , Wang Long , Yan Bin , Jiang Yazhuo , Xu Ning , Cai Hai , Wen Yanlin , Ning Jinzhuo , Liu Yujun , Gao Xin , Shan Zhongyan , Liu Longfei , Teng Xiaochun , Richter Susan , Jiang Jingjing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContextIDH1 is a pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) susceptibility gene; however, its role, especially in the Chinese population, has not been characterized.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of somatic IDH1 hotspot variants in a large cohort of Chinese patients with PPGLs and to summarize associated phenotypes.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was based on a main cohort of 1141 patients with PPGLs from 2 tertiary-care centers in China. We included 50 cases with urinary bladder paragangliomas (UBPGLs), of whom 29 were part of the main cohort and 21 were from other centers. Two additional cases with IDH1 hotspot variants not part of the main cohort were also included for summarizing IDH1-associated phenotypes. Next-generation sequencing of tumor DNA was used to analyze a customized panel of genes.ResultsThe overall prevalence of IDH1 hotspot variants in the main cohort was 0.5% (6/1141). Among those PPGLs without mutations in 15 common driver genes, the prevalence of IDH1 variants was 0.9% (4/455). When restricted to paraganglioma (PGL) without mutations, the prevalence reached 4.7% (4/86). Among UBPGLs, IDH1 hotspot variants accounted for 8% (4/50). Together, all 10 patients (9 PGLs and 1 pheochromocytoma) with IDH1 hotspot variants, including 3 females with concurrent EPAS1 hotspot variants, had apparently sporadic tumors, without metastasis or recurrence. There were 3 patients with biochemical data, all showing a non-adrenergic phenotype.ConclusionsThe somatic IDH1 hotspot variants cause PPGL development in some Chinese patients, especially among those apparently sporadic PGLs with a non-adrenergic phenotype and without mutations in major PPGL driver genes.
A comparison of odor plume-tracking behavior of walking and flying insects in different turbulent environments
Authors: Talley Jennifer L. , White Edward B. , Willis Mark A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Many animals locate food, mates and territories by following plumes of attractive odors. There are clear differences in the structure of this plume-tracking behavior depending on whether an animal is flying, swimming, walking or crawling. These differences could arise from different control rules used by the central nervous system during these different modes of locomotion or one set of rules interacting with the different environments while walking on the surface versus flying or swimming. Flow speeds and turbulence that characterize the environments where walking and flying insects track plumes may alter the structure of odor plumes in an environment-specific way that results in the same control rules generating behaviors that appear quite different. We tested these ideas by challenging walking male cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, and flying male moths, Manduca sexta, to track plumes of their species' sex pheromones in low wind speeds characteristic of cockroach experimental environments, higher wind speeds characteristic of moth experimental environments, and conditions ranging from low to high turbulence. Introducing a turbulence-generating structure into the flow significantly improved the flying plume tracker's ability to locate the odor source, and changed the structure of the behavior of both flying and walking plume trackers. Our results support the idea that plume trackers moving slowly along the substrate may use the spatial distribution of odor, while faster moving flying plume trackers may use the timing of odor encounters to steer to locate the source.
Univariate and multivariate plasticity in response to incubation temperature in an Australian lizard
Authors: de Jong Madeleine J. , White Craig R. , Wong Bob B. M. , Chapple David G. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Environments, particularly developmental environments, can generate a considerable amount of phenotypic variation through phenotypic plasticity. Plasticity in response to incubation temperature is well characterised in egg-laying reptiles. However, traits do not always vary independently of one another, and studies encompassing a broad range of traits spanning multiple categories are relatively rare but crucial to better understand whole-organism responses to environmental change, particularly if covariation among traits may constrain plasticity. In this study, we investigated multivariate plasticity in response to incubation across three temperatures in the delicate skink, Lampropholis delicata, and whether this was affected by covariation among traits. At approximately 1 month of age, a suite of growth, locomotor performance, thermal physiology and behavioural traits were measured. Plasticity in the multivariate phenotype of delicate skinks was distinct for different incubation temperatures. Cool temperatures drove shifts in growth, locomotor performance and thermal physiology, while hot temperatures primarily caused changes in locomotor performance and behaviour. These differences are likely due to variation in thermal reaction norms, as there was little evidence that covariation among traits or phenotypic integration influenced plasticity, and there was no effect of incubation temperature on the direction or strength of covariation. While there were broad themes in terms of which trait categories were affected by different incubation treatments, traits appeared to be affected independently by developmental temperature. Comparing reaction norms of a greater range of traits and temperatures will enable better insight into these patterns among trait categories, as well as the impacts of environmental change.
Using colour pattern edge contrast statistics to predict detection speed and success in triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus)
Authors: van den Berg Cedric P. , Endler John A. , Papinczak Daniel E. J. , Cheney Karen L. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Edge detection is important for object detection and recognition. However, we do not know whether edge statistics accurately predict the detection of prey by potential predators. This is crucial given the growing availability of image analysis software and their application across non-human visual systems. Here, we investigated whether Boundary Strength Analysis (BSA), Local Edge Intensity Analysis (LEIA) and the Gabor edge disruption ratio (GabRat) could predict the speed and success with which triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus) detected patterned circular stimuli against a noisy visual background, in both chromatic and achromatic presentations. We found various statistically significant correlations between edge statistics and detection speed depending on treatment and viewing distance; however, individual pattern statistics only explained up to 2% of the variation in detection time, and up to 6% when considering edge statistics simultaneously. We also found changes in fish response over time. While highlighting the importance of spatial acuity and relevant viewing distances in the study of visual signals, our results demonstrate the importance of considering explained variation when interpreting colour pattern statistics in behavioural experiments. We emphasize the need for statistical approaches suitable for investigating task-specific predictive relationships and ecological effects when considering animal behaviour. This is particularly important given the ever-increasing dimensionality and size of datasets in the field of visual ecology.
Graphene-based integrated plasmonic sensor with application in biomolecule detection
Authors: Saadatmand Seyedeh Bita , Haji Najafi Chemerkouh Mohammad Javad , Ahmadi Vahid , Hamidi Seyedeh Mehri 
Published: November 2022

Much effort is being made to improve the performance of the techniques currently used
to detect biomolecules. One of the new fields that has attracted the
attention of researchers is the use of graphene-based surface plasmon
resonance (SPR), a real-time, label-free technique. In this field,
there is still a need to introduce low-cost sensors that offer higher
sensitivity. In this paper, to reduce the cost to fabricate the
grating for phase matching, we use a low-cost 1D grating extracted
from a digital video disc (DVD) without any lithography process. In
addition, to improve the performance of the graphene-based SPR sensors
after describing the plasmonic response, we use the surface plasmon
enhanced by ellipsometry as a strong and sensitive characterization
method. Using

Ψ

can help enhance the quality factor
of the 2D materials-based SPR biosensor and the study of the delta
parameter leads to a significant improvement in the sensitivity and
minimum detectable concentration. The response of the delta parameter
indicates that a slight change in miRNA-21 concentration, about 30 fM,
leads to a sensitivity of 44.4 deg/100 fM, which is a
significant change in the delta parameter. The results show that if
appropriate complementary bioreceptors for the target’s
biomolecules are used, the proposed sensor is attractive for use in
biodetection and to measure a very small concentration of
biomolecules.
Four-quadrant retarder array imaging spectropolarimeter for the full Stokes vector spectrum
Authors: Gao Peng , Han Zhongyi , Ai Jingjing , Bai Zhaoming , Liu Gongju , Xiao Hanlin , Yang Jiaheng 
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the major demand for polarization information gap in earth observation and space exploration, we proposed a four-quadrant retarder array imaging spectropolarimeter (FQRAISP) in view of the existing technical problem of the spectral resolution degradation along with spectral aliasing crosstalk. The optical schematic diagram of the FQRAISP together with its interference model was conceptually described, and the effectiveness of the scheme was validated through the experimental simulation, which demonstrated the competitive efficiency and accuracy in the proposed FQRAISP. The FQRAISP could restore the incident Stokes vector spectrum without any errors, and the inversion accuracy was increased by seven times, avoiding the spectrum aliasing and channel filtering in the channel modulation. In order to evaluate the influences of the alignment deviation of four-partition phase retarder component, together with its thickness deviation on the reconstructed Stokes parameters, the numerical simulations were carried out, and the results showed that the alignment deviations had a relatively weak effect on the reconstructed Stokes spectra, while the thickness deviations had an obvious influence. Therefore, the alignment deviations controlled in a range of

[

−

0.43
∘

,
+

0.43
∘

]

and

[

−

0.22
∘

,

+

0.22
∘

]

together with the thickness deviations in a range of [ − 0.03µm, + 0.03µm] were an optimal choice for the engineering implementation of the FQRAISP. This research provided a novel method for the hardware realization of the accurate acquisition of all-optical information, having broad application prospects in remote sensing (deep space exploration), biomedicine and other fields.
Capturing Russian drinking patterns with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: An exploratory interview study in primary healthcare and narcology centers in Moscow
Authors: Neufeld Maria , Ferreira-Borges Carina , Bunova Anna , Gornyi Boris , Fadeeva Eugenia , Koshkina Evgenia , Nadezhdin Alexey , Tetenova Elena , Vujnovic Melita , Yurasova Elena , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

Background
Despite a considerable reduction in alcohol consumption, Russia has one of the highest levels of alcohol-attributable burden of disease worldwide due to heavy episodic drinking patterns. Further improvement of alcohol control measures, including early provision of screening and brief interventions (SBI), is needed. The legislative framework for delivering SBI in Russia was introduced in 2013. As part of the creation and validation of a Russian version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the present contribution explored challenges in using the AUDIT in Russia to inform a subsequent validation study of the tool.

Methods
Qualitative in-depth expert interviews with patients and healthcare professionals from four primary healthcare and narcology facilities in Moscow. A total of 25 patients were interviewed, 9 from a preventive medicine hospital, 8 from a polyclinic, and 9 from narcology clinics. Also, 12 healthcare professionals were interviewed, 5 of whom were primary healthcare doctors and 7 were narcologists.

Results
Patients and healthcare professionals expressed difficulties in dealing with the concept of a “standard drink” in the AUDIT, which is not used in Russia. Various patients struggled with understanding the meaning of “one drinking occasion” on the test, mainly because Russian drinking patterns center around festivities and special occasions with prolonged alcohol intake. Narcology patients had specific difficulties because many of them experienced zapoi–a dynamic drinking pattern with heavy use and a withdrawal from social life, followed by prolonged periods of abstinence. Surrogate alcohol use was described as a common marker of alcohol dependence in Russia, not accounted for in the AUDIT.

Conclusions
The provided analyses on the perception of the Russian AUDIT in different patient and professional groups suggest that a series of amendments in the test should be considered to capture the specific drinking pattern and its potential harms.
Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphisms with risk of hypertension among the Ethiopian population
Authors: Birhan Tsegaye Adane , Molla Meseret Derbew , Abdulkadir Mohamed , Tesfa Kibur Hunie 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Although the pathophysiological mechanism of hypertension is not fully elucidated yet, a large number of pieces of evidence have shown that genetic alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system play a central role. However, the association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene with essential hypertension is controversial yet, and there is a limited number of publications among the Ethiopian population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of ACE gene I/D polymorphism with the risk of hypertension among essential hypertension patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Materials and methods
A case-control study was conducted from October 07, 2020, to June 02, 2021, among hypertensive patients and normotensive control groups at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements. Five milliliters of blood were drawn from each of the randomly selected 64 hypertensive and 64 normotensive participants for molecular test analysis. Genetic polymorphism of the ACE gene was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 software. The strength of association between the genotype and hypertension was estimated through the calculation of adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result
The distribution of DD genotypes and D allele of the ACE gene were 48.4% and 63% in essential hypertensive patients, respectively, while it were 29.7% and 42.2% in control subjects respectively. The ACE DD genotype (p-value = 0.005) and D allele (p-value = 0.001) were more frequent among hypertensive patients as compared to controls.

Conclusion
The present study found that the DD genotype and D allele of the ACE gene has had a strong association with a high risk of hypertension in the study population.
Hamstring muscle architecture assessed sonographically using wide field of view: A reliability study
Authors: Cronin Kevin , Foley Shane , Cournane Seán , De Vito Giuseppe , Delahunt Eamonn 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
To assess the intra-rater reliability of static wide field of view ultrasound to quantify the architectural characteristics of the hamstring muscles.

Methods
Twenty amateur male athletes were recruited. Their left hamstring muscles were assessed using static wide field of view ultrasound on two separate occasions. Static ultrasound images were acquired by a single sonographer using a 92mm linear transducer. The architectural characteristics (muscle length, fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness) from two distinct locations of the bicep femoris long head and semimembranosus were evaluated. Muscle length and thickness of the bicep femoris short head and semitendinosus muscle were also evaluated. Intraclass correlation coefficient analyses were performed to determine the intra-rater reliability of the performed measurements.

Results
Both muscle (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99; standard error of measurement = 4.3 to 6.6mm) and fascicle (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92 to 0.98; standard error measurement = 1.1 to 2.4mm) length were measured with excellent intra-rater reliability. Muscle thickness was measured with excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9 to 0.96; standard error of measurement = 0.91mm to 1.4mm) for all hamstring muscles except for the proximal segments of the bicep femoris short head (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.85; standard error of measurement = 0.84mm) and semitendinosus (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88; standard error of measurement = 0.82mm), which were measured with good reliability. Pennation angle was measured with good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.77 to 0.87; standard error of measurement = 1 to 1.6°).

Conclusion
The architectural characteristics of the hamstring muscles of male amateur athletes can be reliably quantified using static wide field of view ultrasound.
Prognostic comparison of COVID-19 outpatients and inpatients treated with Remdesivr: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zamani Shokoofeh , Alizadeh Mohammad , Shahrestanaki Ehsan , Mohammadpoor Nami Sahar , Qorbani Mostafa , Aalikhani Maryam , Hassani Gelsefid Saeed , Mohammadian Khonsari Nami 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Since the late COVID-19, many countries have faced various surges and peaks within the number of infected. Iran was one of the countries that faced many surges and peaks within these years and faced many inadequacies and shortages of resources and hospital beds. Hence the healthcare system started using in-hospital medication such as Remdesivir in outpatients to reduce the load of patients admitted to the hospital. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the reported signs, symptoms, and outcomes of COVID-infected hospitalized and out-patients receiving Remdesivir.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 214 patients (121 outpatient and 93 hospitalized) with moderate levels of Covid infection between October 2021 and February 2022 were studied. Both groups were treated with 200mg of Remdesivir, followed by 100 mg daily intravenous injections for five days; signs and symptoms, such as pain, shortness of breath, cough, fever and etc., of patients at the initiation and the end of treatment were recorded. Moreover, the patients’ blood oxygen saturation was assessed two to three times a day, and the mean of the recorded measures was considered as the daily oxygen saturation. The outpatient group had to visit the hospital daily for treatment and assessment. At the treatment’s end, mortality rates, disease signs, and symptoms alleviations were compared between the groups.

Results
The outpatient and hospitalized group’s mean age was 40.30 ± 12.25 and 37.70 ± 12.00 years, and 51.2% and 55.9% were males, respectively. There was no statistical difference between baseline and clinical characteristics in the outpatients and hospitalized groups. After adjusting for oxygen saturation at baseline and gender in the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the risk of death did not statistically differ between the hospitalized and outpatient group (hazard ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.39–2.50)) at the end of the study.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, the outcome, signs, and symptoms of inpatient and outpatient Remdesivir treatment groups did not differ significantly. Hence in COVID-19 surges where we have limitations in admitting patients, outpatient Remdesivir treatment for those without any underlying diseases can be a proper management method.