bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytopathology of rare gastric mesenchymal neoplasms: A series of 25 cases and review of literature
Authors: Saoud Carla , Illei Peter B. , Siddiqui Momin T. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm arising in the stomach. However, a number of other rare mesenchymal neoplasms do occur at this anatomic site, which often presents a diagnostic challenge for cytopathologists on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA). Our study aims to selectively present the clinico‐radiological and cytopathological characteristics of these rare “non‐GIST” neoplasms, as well as their differential diagnoses.Material and MethodsWe performed a 20 year retrospective search in the cytopathology database of our two large medical institutions for non‐GIST mesenchymal neoplasms arising in the stomach and diagnosed on EUS‐FNA. Data regarding the patients’ demographics and radiological findings were analysed. All available cytopathology specimens were reviewed. The cytomorphological characteristics and the accompanying immunohistochemical stains, when available, were subsequently analysed.ResultsTwenty‐five cases of gastric mesenchymal tumours were selectively included in the study after excluding all cases of GIST (n = 113) diagnosed on FNA. These cases included 10 leiomyomas (40%), eight schwannomas (32%), five glomus tumours (20%), one perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, and one desmoid tumour. The specimen cellularity was variable and ranged from hypocellular to highly cellular. Most smears were composed of spindle cells with a few showing epithelioid morphology. Cell blocks were available in 20 cases and a range of immunohistochemical ancillary studies were performed. DOG‐1, c‐KIT, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and S100‐protein were the most common immunomarkers done.ConclusionOur study highlights important cytomorphological characteristics of rare mesenchymal neoplasms arising in the stomach. In the appropriate clinical setting and with the help of immunohistochemistry, an accurate diagnosis of these neoplasms can be achieved.
Oestrogen inhibits psoriasis‐like dermatitis induced by imiquimod in mice in relation to increased IL‐10 producing cells despite elevated expression of IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐17 mRNA
Authors: Kobayashi Keisuke , Chikazawa Sakiko , Chen Yue , Suzuki So , Ichimasu Nao , Katagiri Kazumoto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSex hormones influence the development and natural course of psoriasis. Here, we examined the effects of female sex hormones, particularly oestrogen, on psoriasis‐like dermatitis induced using topical imiquimod in mice that underwent either sham operation (Sham) or ovariectomy (OVX), with (hormone replacement treatment: HRT) or without 17β‐oestradiol targeting the maximum physiological levels. The number of neutrophils in the skin was higher in the order of OVX‐, Sham‐, and HRT‐treated mice. However, no significant difference was detected in the clinical scores among the three groups due to severe erythema and scale in a few mice out of HRT‐treated mice in a set of experiments. OVX‐ and HRT‐treated mice showed increased mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)‐22 and IL‐23 compared with Sham‐treated mice; increased IL‐10 mRNA levels were found in HRT‐treated mice, possibly due to an increased proportion of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)‐ and IL‐10 positive large cells (possibly macrophages). In addition, HRT‐treated mice had a more compact stratum corneum with higher expression of loricrin and involucrin than OVX‐ and Sham‐treated mice. This study suggests that oestrogen has a dual potential in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: suppression of inflammation by enhancing IL‐10 production and enhancement of inflammation by induction of IL‐22 and IL‐23 expression.
Microbial autotrophy explains large‐scale soil CO2 fixation
Authors: Liao Hao , Hao Xiuli , Qin Fei , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Liu Yurong , Zhou Jizhong , Cai Peng , Chen Wenli , Huang Qiaoyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrobial communities play critical roles in fixing carbon from the atmosphere and fixing it in the soils. However, the large‐scale variations and drivers of these microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a large‐scale survey across China and found that soil autotrophic organisms are critical for explaining CO2 fluxes from the atmosphere to soils. In particular, we showed that large‐scale variations in CO2 fixation rates are highly correlated to those in autotrophic bacteria and phototrophic protists. Paddy soils, supporting a larger proportion of obligate bacterial and protist autotrophs, display four‐fold of CO2 fixation rates over upland and forest soils. Precipitation and pH, together with key ecological clusters of autotrophic microbes, also played important roles in controlling CO2 fixation. Our work provides a novel quantification on the contribution of terrestrial autotrophic microbes to soil CO2 fixation processes at a large scale, with implications for global carbon regulation under climate change.
(In)justice and the blue economy
Authors: Germond‐Duret Celine , Heidkamp C. Patrick , Morrissey John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile the ocean space has long been ignored by social sciences, the past 15 years have witnessed an increased interest in the marine environment by scholars in Human Geography. The academic literature on the blue economy, almost non‐existent a few years ago, is now burgeoning. The academic debate has offered some critical assessment of blue economy initiatives, but more needs to be done to address the true place of environmental protection within a blue economy, and to put people at the centre of concerns and analyses. Of particular concern, is the ambiguity of the blue economy concept and the confusion over its social and environmental sustainability, which can ultimately result in harmful practices. An important question is then how should social scientists in general and geographers, specifically, engage with these debates, and in particular how should the potential human and social costs of the blue economy be investigated and addressed while assuring justice and fairness? The papers presented here share the vision that environmental sustainability, justice and equality should be at the heart of the blue economy; not just conceptually, but practically too. The papers pursue efforts to identify blue economy risks and the mechanisms through which they occur; assess the place of inclusion and participation in a sustainable blue economy; define what blue economy policies should include to drive just and sustainable practices; and identify where the dominant understandings of the blue economy and its priorities are coming from. In other words, they put considerations of justice and broader cultural structures at the centre of their concerns and analysis. They also highlight the need to bypass geographical boundaries and gain insights from other disciplines and methodologies to grasp such an encompassing concept, and foster not just a blue economy with social justice, but a blue economy for social justice.
A ‘distinct UK offer’: The geographies of the FCDO's International Development Strategy 2022
Authors: Peck Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOn 16 May 2022, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) produced its first International Development Strategy. This commentary explores the geographies of the strategy in more depth, highlighting three key areas: firstly, the dominance of a ‘UK approach’; secondly, its focus on country and bilateral programmes; and, finally, the rise of diplomatic, commercial and technological spaces for development. The commentary concludes that this development strategy produces an imaginary of a more isolationist, independent, sovereign Britain, with development used as a vehicle for a geographical nationalistic re‐branding. These geographical imaginaries are used to legitimise aid to a domestic audience and to enhance Britain's position in the development sector. This emphasis in turn asks further questions about governmental thinking on development – importantly, what is lost, neglected and dismissed through this focus on a ‘distinct UK approach’?
A ‘peopled’ account of political agency in the Arctic: Professional practice and people‐to‐people participation
Authors: Medby Ingrid A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn spite of the region's diverse peoples and unique environments, Arctic political analyses frequently remain focused on the traditional level of the state and inter‐state relations. While states undoubtedly play a significant role in Arctic governance arrangements, this paper seeks to direct attention to the agency of the many people and actors performing politics in the region. A more ‘peopled’ analysis includes renewed attention to professionals – e.g., state personnel, politicians, and diplomats – as well as non‐state actors involved in Arctic politics through different avenues and with different levels of agency. This paper focuses on the so‐called Barents Cooperation, a peace‐building initiative set up in the wake of the Cold War between Nordic states and Russia in the Barents Euro‐Arctic border region. It draws on interviews with professionals involved in the daily running of the Barents Cooperation, including its funding of ‘grassroots’ and people‐to‐people activities, to ask what can lessons can be learnt about Arctic political participation beyond the state. Based on their reflections, key challenges, successes, and future opportunities are highlighted, and the paper argues for strengthening both the analytical attention to and the practical agency of a wider range of political actors.
The Possible Source of Abnormally High Sodium Content in Low‐Salinity Geothermal Water
Authors: Mao Xumei , Ye Jianqiao , Shi Zide , Dong Yaqun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe dissolution of sodium‐containing minerals in high‐temperature geothermal systems can cause Na+ to exceed 400 mg/L with high salinity. But the Na+ of low‐salinity geothermal water is mostly less than 100 mg/L in medium‐low temperature geothermal systems. However, geothermal water with Na+ up to 325.4 mg/L and total dissolved solids less than 650 mg/L was found in the Huangshadong geothermal field, which is a typical medium‐low temperature hydrothermal system in South China. The water chemistry results indicate that thermal groundwater is uniformly HCO3‐Na type with high sodium content (average 240.06 mg/L). All the thermal groundwater and shallow groundwater have the same meteoric origin based on δD and δ18O. According to water chemical geothermometers and multicomponent mineral equilibrium (MME) method, the reservoir temperature is estimated to be 100 to 130 °C at a maximum depth of 2.43 km. The estimation of the Cl− mixed indicator suggests that geothermal water has mixed with 51% to 72% of shallow groundwater, resulting in the reduction of Na+ content in real geothermal water (Na+ up to 685.2 mg/L). The simulated results of water‐rock interactions indicate that mineral dissolution and ion exchange have minor contributions to Na+ enrichment in geothermal water. Hydrochemical simulations and Gibbs diagrams suggest an additional source of high sodium: granite fluid inclusions are fractured into geothermal water at high temperatures. Granite fluid inclusions may only account for 3% to 5% of geothermal water, but they provide the main source of Na+ in geothermal water.
Prophylaxis use of clotting factor replacement products in people with non‐severe haemophilia: A review of the literature
Authors: Iorio Alfonso , Königs Christoph , Reding Mark T. , Rotellini Dawn , Skinner Mark W , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Berntorp Erik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeople with non‐severe haemophilia appear to be under‐treated in many countries, and this may lead to joint damage and worsen quality of life.AimTo review literature for clotting factor replacement prophylaxis in people with non‐severe haemophilia A and B (HA/HB) in relation to long‐term outcomes to support clinical decision‐making.MethodsA targeted literature search was performed to identify studies published between 2000 and 2021 that included prophylaxis in people with non‐severe HA/HB and long‐term outcomes, including annualized bleeding rates, joint health and quality of life.ResultsAlthough eligible articles included 2737 and 2272 people with mild or moderate HA, respectively, only 22% (n = 609) and 29% (n = 668) reported treatment regimens. A total of 549 people with moderate HA were treated with factor replacement prophylaxis and were from high‐income countries. On the contrary, nearly all people with mild HA received desmopressin (n = 599). Details of treatment regimens for women with haemophilia and people with HB were sparse. Three studies provided long‐term outcomes for people with moderate haemophilia who received prophylaxis with factor concentrate, supporting early prophylaxis in people with a frequent bleeding phenotype regardless of their endogenous clotting factor level to preserve joint health.ConclusionThere remain large knowledge gaps when considering how to provide optimal treatment for people with non‐severe haemophilia. Nonetheless, there is a strong rationale that prophylaxis should be considered early in life according to similar strategies as for severe haemophilia for those with a frequent severe bleeding phenotype.
Reticulated open‐cellular aluminum nitride ceramic foams: Effect of sintering aids on microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Betke Ulf , Mendoza Danielle Chazaro , Scheffler Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOpen‐celled aluminum nitride ceramic foams were prepared by the polymer sponge replication technique involving aqueous dispersions of passivated AlN. The amount of the Y2O3 and Dy2O3 as sintering aid was varied, and the effects on the densification, microstructure formation, phase composition, and finally, the thermal conductivity were investigated. A typical thermal conductivity of 1.1 W m−1 K−1 was determined for foams at a porosity level of 94.3 vol.%, on average. This measured foam thermal conductivity was subsequently modeled using different porosity ↔ thermal conductivity relations considering the different hierarchical levels of porosity in these foams. From these models, the thermal conductivity of the bulk AlN strut material was determined, correlated with the strut microstructure and the phase composition, and compared to literature data.
Role of rare‐earth Y addition on formation and anticorrosion properties of MAO coating on 2024 aviation aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhang Defen , Ran Yun , Chen Xiaowen , Xia Jun , Cai Liping , Ping Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDifferent ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of 2024 aviation aluminum alloy using micro‐arc oxidation process in silicate based electrolyte combined with the rare earth based compound Y(NO3)3·6H2O. The thickness, hardness of the coating and conductivity of electrolyte were tested using relative devices, morphology and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope, respectively. The phase composition of the coatings was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by an electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the addition of Y(NO3)3·6H2O could improve the thickness and hardness of the coating. The morphological observation of the coating showed that Y(NO3)3·6H2O was successfully incorporated into the ceramic layer and that the coating had the smallest porosity at 1.5 g/L Y(NO3)3. The phase composition of the coating was mainly γ‐Al2O3, α‐Al2O3, SiO2, Y2O3, and AlPO4. The corrosion resistance of coating in simulated seawater with the addition of Y(NO3)3·6H2O was significantly improved, and the values of |Z|0.01 Hz and corrosion rate of the coating reached the maximum and minimum at 1.5 g/L Y(NO3)3, which were 5.63 × 105 Ω cm2 and 7.444 × 10−4 mm/a, respectively.
Practices to support co‐design processes: A case‐study of co‐designing a program for children with parents with a mental health problem in the Austrian region of Tyrol
Authors: Zechmeister‐Koss Ingrid , Aufhammer Sandra , Bachler Herbert , Bauer Annette , Bechter Philipp , Buchheim Anna , Christiansen Hanna , Fischer Maria , Franz Marianne , Fuchs Martin , Goodyear Melinda , Gruber Nadja , Hofer Alex , Hölzle Laura , Juen Evi , Papanthimou Flora , Prokop Mathias , Paul Jean Lillian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractForms of collaborative knowledge production, such as community‐academic partnerships (CAP), have been increasingly used in health care. However, instructions on how to deliver such processes are lacking. We aim to identify practice ingredients for one element within a CAP, a 6‐month co‐design process, during which 26 community‐ and 13 research‐partners collaboratively designed an intervention programme for children whose parent have a mental illness. Using 22 published facilitating and hindering factors for CAP as the analytical framework, eight community‐partners reflected on the activities which took place during the co‐design process. From a qualitative content analysis of the data, we distilled essential practices for each CAP factor. Ten community‐ and eight research‐partners revised the results and co‐authored this article. We identified 36 practices across the 22 CAP facilitating or hindering factors. Most practices address more than one factor. Many practices relate to workshop design, facilitation methods, and relationship building. Most practices were identified for facilitating ‘trust among partners’, ‘shared visions, goals and/or missions’, ‘effective/frequent communication’, and ‘well‐structured meetings’. Fewer practices were observed for ‘effective conflict resolution’, ‘positive community impact’ and for avoiding ‘excessive funding pressure/control struggles’ and ‘high burden of activities’. Co‐designing a programme for mental healthcare is a challenging process that requires skills in process management and communication. We provide practice steps for delivering co‐design activities. However, practitioners may have to adapt them to different cultural contexts. Further research is needed to analyse whether co‐writing with community‐partners results in a better research output and benefits for participants.
Intranasal antisepsis to reduce influenza virus transmission in an animal model
Authors: Gaaloul ben Hnia Nassima , Komen Mathew Kipkemboi , Wlaschin Katie F. , Parthasarathy Ranjani V. , Landgrebe Kevin D. , Bouvier Nicole M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal influenza annually causes significant morbidity and mortality, and unpredictable respiratory virus zoonoses, such as the current COVID‐19 pandemic, can threaten the health and lives of millions more. Molecular iodine (I2) is a broad‐spectrum, pathogen‐nonspecific antiseptic agent that has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, virus, and fungi.MethodsWe investigated a commercially available antiseptic, a non‐irritating formulation of iodine (5% povidone‐iodine) with a film‐forming agent that extends the duration of the iodine's antimicrobial activity, for its ability to prevent influenza virus transmission between infected and susceptible animals in the guinea pig model of influenza virus transmission.ResultsWe observed that a once‐daily topical application of this long‐lasting antiseptic to the nares of either the infected virus‐donor guinea pig or the susceptible virus‐recipient guinea pig, or to the nares of both animals, prior to virus inoculation effectively reduced transmission of a highly transmissible influenza A virus, even when the donor and recipient guinea pigs shared the same cage. Daily treatment of the recipient guinea pig starting 1 day after initial exposure to an infected donor guinea pig in the same cage was similarly effective in preventing detectable influenza virus infection in the recipient animal.ConclusionsWe conclude that a daily application of this antiseptic formulation is efficacious in reducing the transmission of influenza A virus in the guinea pig model, and further study in this and other preclinical models is warranted.
Low‐temperature‐sintered MgO‐based microwave dielectric ceramics with ultralow loss and high thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhao Binfeng , Chen Xianqiang , Chen Naichao , Xu Xinwei , Lu Yani , Cheng Jin , Wang Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the development of 5G/6G communication, the requirements of portable devices for miniaturization and multifunction make low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) more and more important. In the area of high‐frequency high‐density passive integration, microwave dielectric ceramics with a low dielectric loss and high thermal conductivity are urgently needed to ensure the effective signals transmission and system reliability. However, most microwave dielectric ceramics with a low dielectric loss were not applicable for the LTCC technology due to the high sintering temperature. In this work, a series of MgO‐based ceramics [(100 − x) wt.% MgO–x wt.% (0.2SrF2–0.8LiF) (x= 5,7,10)] were prepared by solid‐state reaction method. The addition of sintering aid 0.2SrF2–0.8LiF (S2L8) decreased the sintering temperature below 880°C without degrading the microwave dielectric properties of ceramics. Microwave dielectric properties of ceramics, including quality factorQ × f, relative permittivityεr, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequencyτf, were investigated to find the optimum composition and sintering temperature. In general, MgO–7 wt.% S2L8ceramic sintered at 860°C exhibits outstanding properties ofQ × f = 180 233 GHz,εr = 9.11,τf = −40.33 ppm/°C, and a high thermal conductivity of 24.02 W/(m K). This series of ceramics are suitable to be co‐fired with Ag electrodes. With all those great properties, this series of MgO‐based ceramics are expected to be the candidates for LTCC applications in 5G/6G technology.