bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Art and cultural activity engagement and depressive symptom onset among older adults: A longitudinal study from the Japanese Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Ishihara Masumi , Murata Chiyoe , Nakagawa Takeshi , Komatsu Ayane , Kondo Katsunori , Saito Tami 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesArt and cultural activities can benefit mental health. However, there is insufficient evidence on active engagement in art and cultural activities for preventing depressive symptoms among older adults. Therefore, we examined the association of active engagement in art and cultural activities with depressive symptom onset among older adults using 3‐year longitudinal data.MethodsThis longitudinal study recruited non‐institutionalised older adults independent in daily living from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) established in 2010, and those without depressive symptoms were followed for three years. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Active engagement in nine art and cultural activities, including Japanese traditional cultural activities, were evaluated (musical performance, singing, dancing, handicrafts, painting, photography, poetry composition, calligraphy, and tea ceremony/flower arrangement).ResultsUltimately, 37,627 older adults without depressive symptoms at baseline were analysed. The participants' mean age (standard deviation) was 72.6 (5.5) years, and 51.5% were female. During the follow‐up period, depressive symptoms occurred in 3844 participants (10.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that active engagement in art and cultural activities was inversely associated with depressive symptom onset (odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–0.87, p < 0.001). This association was confirmed regardless of age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Among the activities, especially dancing and photography were protective against depressive symptoms.ConclusionActive engagement in art and cultural activities may contribute to preventing depressive symptoms among older adults. Promoting art and cultural engagement could be important to protect their mental health.
Assessment of curbside anticoagulation pharmacy visits on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction
Authors: Juodvalkis Alana , West Kacey , Eash Toni , Foster Todd , Bentfield Brad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, curbside international normalized ratio (INR) checks were implemented to monitor patients on warfarin therapy. Because of the lack of available data, clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction were assessed to determine if the implementation of curbside visits could be considered as an alternative to the standard of care.ObjectivesThe objectives were to assess clinical outcomes, safety, and patient satisfaction in a patient cohort whose anticoagulation was managed inside the clinic in 2019 compared with the same patients managed in the curbside setting in 2020.MethodsIn this retrospective study, INR time in therapeutic range (TTR) was used as a marker for clinical appropriateness of anticoagulation therapy. Data were also prospectively collected in the form of patient satisfaction surveys. Adverse events and hospitalizations were assessed to ensure patient safety was not omitted.ResultsThe median TTR in 2019 was significantly higher than in 2020, 95.7% (interquartile range [IQR] 33.3%) vs 84.3% (IQR 45.2%) (z = −3.99, P < .001). Clinically, the mean TTR remained higher in 2019 than in 2020 (81.3% vs 74.7%). Less patients experienced bleeding events in 2020, and there was an average of 1 less visit per patient in 2020 compared with 2019. Surveys indicated that more patients would like their visits to occur inside the clinic if there were no concerns for a pandemic.ConclusionAnticoagulation management assessed by TTR was significantly lower in the 2020 time frame compared with 2019; however, the average TTR in both time frames was above the clinically accepted threshold of adequate anticoagulation control. Patients demonstrated favor toward in‐person visits unless there were concerns for a pandemic. If needed, curbside visits could be considered in the future at this site; however, more studies would need to be done to assess the impact of curbside visits at other institutions.
Prioritization of Genes Relevant to Bone Fragility Through the Unbiased Integration of Aging Mouse Bone Transcriptomics and Human GWAS Analyses
Authors: Kaya Serra , Schurman Charles A , Dole Neha S , Evans Daniel S , Alliston Tamara 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Identifying new genetic determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture promises to yield improved diagnostics and therapies for bone fragility. However, prioritizing candidate genes from genome-wide screens can be challenging. To overcome this challenge, we prioritized mouse genes that are differentially expressed in aging mouse bone based on whether their human homolog is associated with human BMD and/or fracture. Unbiased RNA-seq analysis of young and old male C57BL/6 mouse cortical bone identified 1499, 1685, and 5525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1, 2, and 2.5-year-old bone, relative to 2-month-old bone, respectively. Gene-based scores for heel ultrasound bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture were estimated using published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) results of these traits in the UK Biobank. Enrichment analysis showed that mouse bone DEG sets for all three age groups, relative to young bone, are significantly enriched for eBMD, but only the oldest two DEG sets are enriched for fracture. Using gene-based scores, this approach prioritizes among thousands of DEGs by a factor of 5- to 100-fold, yielding 10 and 21 genes significantly associated with fracture in the two oldest groups of mouse DEGs. Though these genes were not the most differentially expressed, they included Sost, Lrp5, and others with well-established functions in bone. Several others have, as yet, unknown roles in the skeleton. Therefore, this study accelerates identification of new genetic determinants of bone fragility by prioritizing a clinically relevant and experimentally tractable number of candidate genes for functional analysis. Finally, we provide a website (www.mouse2human.org) to enable other researchers to easily apply our strategy. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone Microarchitecture and Strength in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sewing Lilian , Potasso Laura , Baumann Sandra , Schenk Denis , Gazozcu Furkan , Lippuner Kurt , Kraenzlin Marius , Zysset Philippe , Meier Christian 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with an increased fracture risk, specifically at nonvertebral sites. The influence of glycemic control and microvascular disease on skeletal health in long-standing T1DM remains largely unknown. We aimed to assess areal (aBMD) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone microarchitecture, bone turnover, and estimated bone strength in patients with long-standing T1DM, defined as disease duration ≥25 years. We recruited 59 patients with T1DM (disease duration 37.7 ± 9.0 years; age 59.9 ± 9.9 years.; body mass index [BMI] 25.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2; 5-year median glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 7.1% [IQR 6.82–7.40]) and 77 nondiabetic controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) at the ultradistal radius and tibia, and biochemical markers of bone turnover were assessed. Group comparisons were performed after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. Patients with T1DM had lower aBMD at the hip (p &lt; 0.001), distal radius (p = 0.01), lumbar spine (p = 0.04), and femoral neck (p = 0.05) as compared to controls. Cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), a marker of bone resorption, was significantly lower in T1DM (p = 0.005). At the distal radius there were no significant differences in vBMD and bone microarchitecture between both groups. In contrast, patients with T1DM had lower cortical thickness (estimate [95% confidence interval]: −0.14 [−0.24, −0.05], p &lt; 0.01) and lower cortical vBMD (−28.66 [−54.38, −2.93], p = 0.03) at the ultradistal tibia. Bone strength and bone stiffness at the tibia, determined by homogenized finite element modeling, were significantly reduced in T1DM compared to controls. Both the altered cortical microarchitecture and decreased bone strength and stiffness were dependent on the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In addition to a reduced aBMD and decreased bone resorption, long-standing, well-controlled T1DM is associated with a cortical bone deficit at the ultradistal tibia with reduced bone strength and stiffness. Diabetic neuropathy was found to be a determinant of cortical bone structure and bone strength at the tibia, potentially contributing to the increased nonvertebral fracture risk. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Dosing Optimization of Sirolimus in Children With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Li SiChan , Zhan Min , Wu SanLan , Liao JianXiang , Xu Hua , Sun Dan , Zhao Xia , Wang Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSirolimus is confirmed to be effective in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and related disorders. The study aims to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of oral sirolimus for children with TSC and provide an evidence‐based approach for individualization of sirolimus dosing in the pediatric population. A total of 64 children were recruited in this multicenter, retrospective pharmacokinetic study. Whole‐blood concentrations of sirolimus, demographic, and clinical information were collected and analyzed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects population modeling method. The final model was internally and externally validated. Then Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate and optimize the dosing regimens. In addition, the efficacy and safety of sirolimus therapy was assessed retrospectively in patients with epilepsy or cardiac rhabdomyomas associated with TSC. Finally, the sirolimus pharmacokinetic profile was described by a 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination along with body weight and total daily dose as significant covariates. The typical population parameter estimates of apparent volume of distribution and apparent clearance were 69.48 L and 2.79 L/h, respectively. Simulations demonstrated that dosage regimens stratified by body surface area may be more appropriate for children with TSC. These findings could be used to inform individualized dosing strategies of sirolimus for pediatric patients with TSC.
Design and synthesis novel amide derivatives containing an 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety as potential antibacterial agents
Authors: Chen Yifang , Luo Xin , Wang Yu , Xing Zhifu , Chen Jixiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo find new antibacterial agents, 25 novel amide derivatives containing an 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) were tested. Interestingly, all target compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities against Xoc and Xoo. The EC50 values of compounds 1–25 against Xoc and Xoo were 1.2–4.0 mg/L and 0.5–2.3 mg/L, respectively, which were significantly superior to those of the thiodiazole copper (95.1 and 89.0 mg/L) and bismerthhibol (73.8 and 68.8 mg/L). For example, the EC50 values of compound 16 against Xoc and Xoo were 1.7 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the curative and protection activity of compound 16 against rice bacterial leaf blight were 42.4% and 42.1%, respectively, which were superior to the control of jiahuangxianjunzuo (34.1% and 32.6%) and thiodiazole copper (33.0% and 27.1%). In addition, compound 16 might suppress the cell growth of Xoo by inhibiting the production of extracellular polysaccharide, the formation of biofilm, changes the cell membrane permeability, and cell surface morphology.
Cranial osteology of Hypoptophis (Aparallactinae: Atractaspididae: Caenophidia), with a discussion on the evolution of its fossorial adaptations
Authors: Das Sunandan , Brecko Jonathan , Pauwels Olivier S. G. , Merilä Juha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFossoriality evolved early in snakes, and has left its signature on the cranial morphology of many extinct Mesozoic and early Caenozoic forms. Knowledge of the cranial osteology of extant snakes is indispensable for associating the crania of extinct lineages with a particular mode of life; this applies to fossorial taxa as well. In the present work, we provide a detailed description of the cranium of Hypoptophis wilsonii, a member of the subfamily Aparallactinae, using micro‐computed tomography (CT). This is also the first thorough micro‐CT‐based description of any snake assigned to this African subfamily of predominantly mildly venomous, fossorial, and elusive snakes. The cranium of Hypoptophis is adapted for a fossorial lifestyle, with increased consolidation of skull bones. Aparallactines show a tendency toward reduction of maxillary length by bringing the rear fangs forward. This development attains its pinnacle in the sister subfamily Atractaspidinae, in which the rear fang has become the “front fang” by a loss of the part of the maxilla lying ahead of the fang. These dentitional changes likely reflect adaptation to subdue prey in snug burrows. An endocast of the inner ear of Hypoptophis shows that this genus has the inner ear typical of fossorial snakes, with a large, globular sacculus. A phylogenetic analysis based on morphology recovers Hypoptophis as a sister taxon to Aparallactus. We also discuss the implications of our observations on the burrowing origin hypothesis of snakes.
Cachaça fermentation biomass as an ingredient in oregano sticks
Authors: Lima Pâmela Cristina , Biz Ana Paula , Bertolo Angélica Patrícia , Bagatini Lucíola , Rigo Elisandra , Cavalheiro Darlene 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWaste from the production of cachaça is often discarded. However, studies report that fermentation yeasts and their derivatives have high protein content, and they are rich in minerals and B‐complex vitamins. Also, research has been shown that the addition of the spent yeast to food leads to a significant increase in nutritional value. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the use of yeast biomass from cachaça production in snack food.ResultsPhysical–chemical characterization of yeast biomass confirmed that cell autolysis significantly changed the chemical composition and color of the samples. Concerning the oregano sticks, the addition of natural biomass and autolyzed biomass also significantly modified the proximate composition. Moreover, the acceptability test showed that the addition of autolyzed biomass as an ingredient in the stick formulation obtained the highest acceptance index by the panelists.ConclusionThe addition of 10% yeast biomass from cachaça in the formulation of oregano sticks led to an increase of 14% on the protein content. Besides, the use of yeast biomass also presented a good acceptance by the panelists during sensorial analysis. Therefore, this work found that the addition of yeast biomass from cachaça fermentation process has the potential to be used as an ingredient in food formulation.
Vibration‐controlled transient elastography for noninvasive evaluation of liver steatosis
Authors: Pearson Arthur , Dujardin Paul‐Armand , d'Alteroche Louis , Patat Frédéric , Scotto Béatrice , Dujardin Fanny , Bastard Cécile , Miette Véronique , Sandrin Laurent , Remenieras Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a large spectrum of liver disorders and is the most common cause of metabolic liver disease. The current gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD is liver biopsy, which can lead to severe complications.PurposeAmong the noninvasive diagnostic options, we chose to use a FibroScan and developed an algorithm applying the Voigt rheological model to assess the viscoelastic properties of the liver and evaluate its performance for the diagnosis of steatosis.MethodsTwenty‐two healthy volunteers and 20 patients with steatosis were included. For each subject, we used a modified FibroScan, whose data had been processed by our algorithm to separate the two viscoelastic components, stiffness μ, and viscosity η. The liver elasticity μFibroscan measured by the FibroScan was also recorded. Mann–Whitney tests and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve analyses were performed to compare the parameters between the two groups, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to assess the correlations between the parameters.ResultsWe found a good correlation between η and μFibroscan (r = 0.75), and poor correlations between μ and both η and μFibroscan (r = 0.33 and r = 0.03, respectively). We also showed that η and μFibroscan were higher in patients with steatosis compared to healthy volunteers, with area under the ROCs (AUROC) curve at 0.814 and 0.891, respectively. Conversely, μ was not different between the two groups (AUROC = 0.557).ConclusionsOur novel method successfully separated the two viscoelastic properties of the liver, of which the parameter η is a sensitive indicator for steatosis.
Automatic segmentation of magnetic resonance images for high‐dose‐rate cervical cancer brachytherapy using deep learning
Authors: Yoganathan SA , Paul Siji Nojin , Paloor Satheesh , Torfeh Tarraf , Chandramouli Suparna Halsnad , Hammoud Rabih , Al‐Hammadi Noora 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the gold standard in image‐guided brachytherapy (IGBT) due to its superior soft‐tissue contrast for target and organs‐at‐risk (OARs) delineation. Accurate and fast segmentation of MR images are very important for high‐quality IGBT treatment planning. The purpose of this work is to implement and evaluate deep learning (DL) models for the automatic segmentation of targets and OARs in MR image‐based high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy for cervical cancer.MethodsA 2D DL model using residual neural network architecture (ResNet50) was developed to contour the targets (gross tumor volume (GTV), high‐risk clinical target volume (HR CTV), and intermediate‐risk clinical target volume (IR CTV)) and OARs (bladder, rectum, sigmoid, and small intestine) automatically on axial MR slices of HDR brachytherapy patients. Furthermore, two additional 2D DL models using sagittal and coronal images were also developed. A 2.5D model was generated by combining the outputs from axial, sagittal, and coronal DL models. Similarly, a 2D and 2.5D DL models were also generated for the inception residual neural network (InceptionResNetv2 (InRN)) architecture. The geometric (Dice similarity coefficient (DSCs) and 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance (HD)) and dosimetric accuracy of 2D (axial only) and 2.5D (axial + sagittal + coronal) DL model generated contours were calculated and compared.ResultsThe mean (range) DSCs of ResNet50 across all contours were 0.674 (0.05–0.96) and 0.715 (0.26–0.96) for the 2D and 2.5D models, respectively. For InRN, these were 0.676 (0.11–0.96) and 0.723 (0.35–0.97) for the 2D and 2.5D models, respectively. The mean HD of ResNet50 across all contours was 15.6 mm (1.8–69 mm) and 12.1 mm (1.7–44 mm) for the 2D and 2.5D models, respectively. The similar results for InRN were 15.4 mm (2–68 mm) and 10.3 mm (2.7–39 mm) for the 2D and 2.5D models, respectively. The dosimetric parameters (D90) of GTV and HR CTV for manually contoured plans matched better with the 2.5D model (p > 0.6) and the results from the 2D model were slightly lower (p < 0.08). On the other hand, the IR CTV doses (D90) for all of the models were slightly lower (2D: ‐1.3 to ‐1.5 Gy and 2.5D: ‐0.5 to ‐0.6 Gy) and the differences were statistically significant for the 2D model (2D: p < 0.000002 and 2.5D: p > 0.06). In case of OARs, the 2.5D model segmentations resulted in closer dosimetry than 2D models (2D: p = 0.07–0.91 and 2.5D: p = 0.16–1.0).ConclusionsThe 2.5D DL models outperformed their respective 2D models for the automatic contouring of targets and OARs in MR image‐based HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer. The InceptionResNetv2 model performed slightly better than ResNet50.
Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Age-0 Muskellunge during Simulated Stocking in Elevated pH Water
Authors: Kramer Randy J. , Suski Cory D. , Porreca Anthony P. , Parkos Joseph J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Successful stocking of Muskellunge Esox masquinongy into reservoirs is hampered by a variety of stressors that can affect poststocking survival, such as elevated pH conditions common to eutrophic water bodies. We quantified Muskellunge survival, behavior, and physiological responses during a simulated stocking event where age-0 Muskellunge were netted, held on a hauling truck for 2 h, and then released into water with either the same pH (8.4) or one of two elevated pH levels (8.6 or 9.8). Following the hauling simulation, Muskellunge exhibited an upregulation of plasma-associated stress responses. Stocking into high-pH water did not cause mortality, but Muskellunge stocked into pH 9.8 showed signs of stress through ion imbalances and increased surfacing behavior. Four hours after stocking there were indications of recovery with reduced indicators of physiological stress, but Muskellunge did not fully recover in that time. Our study suggests that elevated pH alone may not result in short-term (≤4 h postrelease) poststocking mortality of age-0 Muskellunge but does add to the cumulative stress incurred during the stocking process.
Vaginal pressure sensor measurement during maximal voluntary pelvic floor contraction correlates with vaginal birth and pelvic organ prolapse—A pilot study
Authors: Parkinson Luke A. , Karjalainen Päivi K. , Mukherjee Shayanti , Papageorgiou Anthony W. , Kulkarni Mugdha , Arkwright John W. , Young Natharnia , Werkmeister Jerome A. , Davies‐Tuck Miranda , Gargett Caroline E. , Rosamilia Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo measure the force applied along the anterior and posterior vaginal walls in a cohort of 46 patients measured by a fiber‐optic pressure sensor and determine if this correlates with vaginal parity and pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsAn intravaginal fiber‐optic sensor measured pressure at nine locations along the anterior and posterior vaginal walls during a maximal voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction (MVC). An automated probe dilation cycle measured the tissue resistance incorporating the vagina and surrounding anatomy. MVC and resting tissue resistance (RTR) were assessed between subjects grouped by the number of vaginal births and prolapse stage.ResultsA previous vaginal birth was associated with a significant threefold decrease in the overall anterior pressure measurement during MVC. Decreased anterior pressure measurements were observed at Sensors 1 and 3 (distal vagina) and, posteriorly at Sensors 4–6 (midvagina). Women with Stage 2 posterior prolapse exhibited a decreased MVC pressure in the midvagina than those with Stage 0/1. In this pilot study, there was no difference in the vaginal wall RTR according to previous vaginal birth or stage of prolapse.ConclusionThis pilot study found that a decrease in vaginal pressure measured during MVC is associated with vaginal birth and with posterior POP. Greater sample size is required to assess the role of resting tissue pressure measurement.