bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of gamma-rays on the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy/tungsten boride composites
Authors: Al Hassan Mohamadou , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Zegaoui Abdeldjalil , Derradji Mehdi , Moussa Hassane Ayouba , Liu Wen-bin , Wang Jun , Liu Yu-guang 
Published: June 2022

High performance polymer composites are essential materials in nuclear applications where many components can receive high ionizing rays doses such as gamma-rays. In this work, two composites named E51WB and E51WB2 based on epoxy (E51) and tungsten borides (WB and WB2) were manufactured at room temperature and then exposed to gammarays doses up to 2000 KGy. The goal of this study was to investigate and compare the impact of gamma-rays on the chemical structure, mechanical and thermal properties of E51WB and E51WB2 composites using FTIR, SEM, TGA and tensile tests. As the results, the char yield (Yc) for E51WB gradually increased from 40 to 46% at 0, 1000 and 1500 KGy, then slightly drop to 44% at 2000 KGy. The E51WB sample displayed the strain value of 2.3% at 0 KGy, and it increased to 4.7 and 5 % at 1000 and 1500 KGy, respectively, while at 2000 KGy it decreased to 3.5%. This may be due to phenomena such as hydrogen abstraction, disproportion, degradation or the formation of new bonds. The comparison of the TGA results of E51WB and E51WB2 at 1000 and 1500 KGy respectively, leads to the conclusion that E51WB2 is thermally more resistant. In addition, by comparing the tensile strength of these two samples at the same irradiation doses, it can be stated that the E51WB2 composite is stronger than its counterpart E51WB.
Prospective external validation of biomarkers to predict acute graft-versus-host disease severity
Authors: Robin Marie , Porcher Raphael , Michonneau David , Taurines Laetitia , de Fontbrune Flore Sicre , Xhaard Aliénor , Oriano Bastien , Sutra Del Galy Aurélien , Peffault de Latour Régis , Socié Gérard , Schlageter Marie-Hélène 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still the major contributor to comorbidities and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The use of plasmatic biomarkers to predict early outcomes has been advocated in the past decade. The purpose of this prospective noninterventional study was to test the ability of panels including 7 biomarkers (Elafin, HGF, IL2RA, IL8, REG3, ST2, and TNFRI), to predict day 28 (D28) complete response to steroid, D180 overall survival, and D180 nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Using previous algorithms developed by the Ann Arbor/MAGIC consortium, 204 patients with acute GVHD were prospectively included and biomarkers were measured at GVHD onset for all of them. Initial GVHD grade and bilirubin level were significantly associated with all those outcomes. After adjustment on clinical variables, biomarkers were associated with survival and NRM. In addition to clinical variables, biomarkers slightly improved the prediction of overall survival and NRM (concordance and net reclassification indexes). The potential benefit of adding biomarkers panel to clinical parameters was also investigated by decision curve analyses. The benefit of adding biomarkers to clinical parameters was however marginal for the D28 nonresponse and mortality endpoints.
Genomic analysis of the slope of the reaction norm for body weight in Australian sheep
Authors: Waters Dominic L. , Clark Sam A. , Moghaddar Nasir , van der Werf Julius H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Selection of livestock based on their robustness or sensitivity to environmental variation could help improve the efficiency of production systems, particularly in the light of climate change. Genetic variation in robustness arises from genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions, with genotypes performing differently when animals are raised in contrasted environments. Understanding the nature of this genetic variation is essential to implement strategies to improve robustness. In this study, our aim was to explore the genetics of robustness in Australian sheep to different growth environments using linear reaction norm models (RNM), with post-weaning weight records of 22,513 lambs and 60 k single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The use of scale-corrected genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for the slope to account for scale-type G × E interactions was also investigated.

Results
Additive genetic variance was observed for the slope of the RNM, with genetic correlations between low- and high-growth environments indicating substantial re-ranking of genotypes (0.44–0.49). The genetic variance increased from low- to high-growth environments. The heritability of post-weaning body weight ranged from 0.28 to 0.39. The genetic correlation between intercept and slope of the reaction norm for post-weaning body weight was low to moderate when based on the estimated (co)variance components but was much higher when based on back-solved SNP effects. An initial analysis suggested that a region on chromosome 11 affected both the intercept and the slope, but when the GEBV for the slope were conditioned on the GEBV for the intercept to remove the effect of scale-type G × E interactions on SNP effects for robustness, a single genomic region on chromosome 7 was found to be associated with robustness. This region included genes previously associated with growth traits and disease susceptibility in livestock.

Conclusions
This study shows a significant genetic variation in the slope of RNM that could be used for selecting for increased robustness of sheep. Both scale-type and rank-type G × E interactions contributed to variation in the slope. The correction for scale effects of GEBV for the slope should be considered when analysing robustness using RNM. Overall, robustness appears to be a highly polygenic trait.
Microbial diversity composition of apple tree roots and resistance of apple Valsa canker with different grafting rootstock types
Authors: Wang Jianxun , Wang Ruolin , Kang Feng , Yan Xia , Sun Ling , Wang Nana , Gong Yufeng , Gao Xiaoning , Huang Lili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe composition and diversity of root microbial community are affected by plant genotypes and soil environment, which in turn affect plant growth and development. Grafting rootstock types of the apple tree can affect phenotypes in cultivation practice, but it is not clear whether grafting rootstock types can affect the composition and diversity of root microbial community and the resistance of apple tree to apple Valsa canker.MethodsTo explore root microbial differences and the correlation, 16S rRNA and ITS genes were sequenced using Novaseq technology.ResultsThe results showed that the influence of grafting rootstock types on the composition of the root fungal community was greater than that of bacteria. And the bacterial community richness was higher in the healthy (OTUs: 1693) and dwarfing rootstock (OTUs: 1526) than in the disease (OTUs: 1181) and standard rootstock (OTUs: 1412), while the fungal community richness was the opposite. Moreover, the bacterial abundance of root zone, rhizosphere, and root endophytic microorganisms with the same grafting rootstock type exhibited a decreasing trend. Results of Nested PCR assay on soil and root tissue ofValsa malishowed that the content ofV. maliin dwarfing rootstocks are lower than standard rootstocks. These results suggest that apple trees grafting with dwarfing rootstocks are more resistant toV. malithan standard rootstocks.ConclusionsUnder different grafting types, the effect on the composition of fungal community in apple tree root was greater than that of bacteria. The bacterial community in dwarfing rootstocks is more abundant and diverse, including more beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, dwarfing rootstock is more conducive to the resistance to apple Valsa canker from biological control.
Rocuronium versus saline for effective facemask ventilation during anesthesia induction: a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ide Akira , Nozaki-Taguchi Natsuko , Sato Shin , Saito Kei , Sato Yasunori , Isono Shiroh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Mask ventilation progressively improves after loss of consciousness during anesthesia induction possibly due to progression of muscle paralysis. This double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study aimed to test a hypothesis that muscle paralysis improves mask ventilation during anesthesia induction.

Methods
Forty-four adults patients including moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea undergoing scheduled surgeries under elective general anesthesia participated in this study. Randomly-determined test drug either rocuronium or saline was blinded to the patient and anesthesia provider. One-handed mask ventilation with an anesthesia ventilator providing a constant driving pressure and respiratory rate (15 breaths per minute) was performed during anesthesia induction, and changes of capnogram waveform and tidal volume were assessed for one minute. The needed breaths for achieving plateaued-capnogram (primary variable) within 15 consecutive breaths were compared between the test drugs.

Results
Measurements were successful in 38 participants. Twenty-one and seventeen patients were allocated into saline and rocuronium respectively. The number of breaths achieving plateaued capnogram did not differ between the saline (95% C.I.: 6.2 to 12.8 breaths) and rocuronium groups (95% C.I.: 5.6 to 12.7 breaths) (p = 0.779). Mean tidal volume changes from breath 1 was significantly greater in rocuronium group than saline group (95% C.I.: 0.56 to 0.99 versus 3.51 to 4.53 ml kg-IBW−1, p = 0.006). Significantly more patients in rocuronium group (94%) achieved tidal volume greater than 5 mg kg-ideal body weight−1 within one minute than those in saline group (62%) (p = 0.026). Presence of obstructive sleep apnea did not affect effectiveness of rocuronium for improvement of tidal volume during one-handed mask ventilation.

Conclusions
Use of rocuronium facilitates tidal volume improvement during one-handed mask ventilation even in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Trial registration
The clinical trial was registered at (05/12/2013, UMIN000012495): https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000014515
What are the barriers and facilitators to effective health promotion in urgent and emergency care? A systematic review
Authors: Schofield B. , Rolfe U. , McClean S. , Hoskins R. , Voss S. , Benger J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
There are potential health gains such as reducing early deaths, years spent in ill-health and costs to society and the health and care system by encouraging NHS staff to use encounters with patients to help individuals significantly reduce their risk of disease. Emergency department staff and paramedics are in a unique position to engage with a wide range of the population and to use these contacts as opportunities to help people improve their health. The aim of this research was to examine barriers and facilitators to effective health promotion by urgent and emergency care staff.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was performed to review and synthesise published evidence relating to barriers and facilitators to effective health promotion by urgent and emergency care staff. Medical and social science databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 and December 2021 and the reference lists of included articles were hand searched. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and assessed risk of bias. Data was extracted using a bespoke form created for the study.

Results
A total of 19 papers were included in the study. Four themes capture the narratives of the included research papers: 1) should it be part of our job?; 2) staff comfort in broaching the topic; 3) format of health education; 4) competency and training needs. Whilst urgent and emergency care staff view health promotion as part of their job, time restraints and a lack of knowledge and experience are identified as barriers to undertaking health promotion interventions. Staff and patients have different priorities in terms of the health topics they feel should be addressed. Patients reported receiving books and leaflets as well as speaking with a knowledgeable person as their preferred health promotion approach. Staff often stated the need for more training.

Conclusions
Few studies have investigated the barriers to health promotion interventions in urgent and emergency care settings and there is a lack of evidence about the acceptability of health promotion activity. Additional research is needed to determine whether extending the role of paramedics and emergency nurses to include health promotion interventions will be acceptable to staff and patients.
Development and internal validation of a prediction model to identify older adults at risk of low physical activity levels during hospitalisation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Dijk-Huisman Hanneke C. , Welters Mandy H. P. , Bijnens Wouter , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Magdelijns Fabienne J. H. , de Bie Robert A. , Lenssen Antoine F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInactive behaviour is common in older adults during hospitalisation and associated with poor health outcomes. If patients at high risk of spending little time standing/walking could be identified early after admission, they could be given interventions aimed at increasing their time spent standing/walking. This study aims to identify older adults at high risk of low physical activity (PA) levels during hospitalisation.MethodsProspective cohort study of 165 older adults (≥ 70 years) admitted to the department of Internal Medicine of Maastricht University Medical Centre for acute medical illness. Two prediction models were developed to predict the probability of low PA levels during hospitalisation. Time spent standing/walking per day was measured with an accelerometer until discharge (≤ 12 days). The average time standing/walking per day between inclusion and discharge was dichotomized into low/high PA levels by dividing the cohort at the median (50.0%) in model 1, and lowest tertile (33.3%) in model 2. Potential predictors—Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC), age, sex, walking aid use, and disabilities in activities of daily living—were selected based on literature and analysed using logistic regression analysis. Models were internally validated using bootstrapping. Model performance was quantified using measures of discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)) and calibration (Hosmer and Lemeshow (H–L) goodness-of-fit test and calibration plots).ResultsModel 1 predicts a probability of spending ≤ 64.4 min standing/walking and holds the predictors SPPB, AM-PAC and sex. Model 2 predicts a probability of spending ≤ 47.2 min standing/walking and holds the predictors SPPB, AM-PAC, age and walking aid use. AUCs of models 1 and 2 were .80 (95% confidence interval (CI) = .73—.87) and .86 (95%CI = .79—.92), respectively, indicating good discriminative ability. Both models demonstrate near perfect calibration of the predicted probabilities and good overall performance, with model 2 performing slightly better.ConclusionsThe developed and internally validated prediction models may enable clinicians to identify older adults at high risk of low PA levels during hospitalisation. External validation and determining the clinical impact are needed before applying the models in clinical practise.
Determining antenatal medicine exposures in South African women: a comparison of three methods of ascertainment
Authors: van der Hoven Jani , Allen Elizabeth , Cois Annibale , de Waal Renee , Maartens Gary , Myer Landon , Malaba Thokozile , Madlala Hlengiwe , Nyemba Dorothy , Phelanyane Florence , Boulle Andrew , Mehta Ushma , Kalk Emma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In the absence of clinical trials, data on the safety of medicine exposures in pregnancy are dependent on observational studies conducted after the agent has been licensed for use. This requires an accurate history of antenatal medicine use to determine potential risks. Medication use is commonly determined by self-report, clinician records, and electronic pharmacy data; different data sources may be more informative for different types of medication and resources may differ by setting. We compared three methods to determine antenatal medicine use (self-report, clinician records and electronic pharmacy dispensing records [EDR]) in women attending antenatal care at a primary care facility in Cape Town, South Africa in a setting with high HIV prevalence.

Methods
Structured, interview-administered questionnaires recorded self-reported medicine use. Data were collected from clinician records and EDR on the same participants. We determined agreement between these data sources using Cohen’s kappa and, lacking a gold standard, used Latent Class Analysis to estimate sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for each data source.

Results
Between 55% and 89% of 967 women had any medicine use documented depending on the data source (median number of medicines/participant = 5 [IQR 3–6]). Agreement between the datasets was poor regardless of class except for antiretroviral therapy (ART; kappa 0.6–0.71). Overall, agreement was better between the EDR and self-report than with either dataset and the clinician records. Sensitivity and PPV were higher for self-report and the EDR and were similar for the two. Self-report was the best source for over-the-counter, traditional and complementary medicines; clinician records for vaccines and supplements; and EDR for chronic medicines.

Conclusions
Medicine use in pregnancy was common and no single data source included all the medicines used. ART was the most consistently reported across all three datasets but otherwise agreement between them was poor and dependent on class. Using a single data collection method will under-estimate medicine use in pregnancy and the choice of data source should be guided by the class of the agents being investigated.
Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD163+macrophage in patients with metastatic gastric cancer undergoing multidisciplinary treatment
Authors: Kinoshita Jun , Fushida Sachio , Yamaguchi Takahisa , Moriyama Hideki , Saito Hiroto , Shimada Mari , Terai Shiro , Okamoto Koichi , Nakamura Keishi , Ninomiya Itasu , Yagi Shintaro , Inaki Noriyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The multidisciplinary treatment including induction chemotherapy plus conversion surgery (CS) has attracted attention as a new strategy to improve the outcome of metastatic gastric cancer (MGC). However, it is unclear which patients achieve a good response to chemotherapy and successful CS. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) have been reported to be both prognostic and predictive biomarkers not only in immunotherapy but also in chemotherapy in many cancer types. However, there have been no reports on the usefulness of TIICs as biomarkers in conversion surgery for MGC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the TIICs and treatment outcome for the multidisciplinary treatment in MGC.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 68 MGC patients who received docetaxel plus cisplatin plus S-1 (DCS) therapy between April 2006 and March 2019 in our institute. The number of tumor-infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, Foxp3+lymphocytes, CD68+, CD163+macrophages in pre-treatment endoscopic biopsy samples were evaluated to investigate their predictive value for multidisciplinary treatment.

Results
Fifty patients underwent CS following DCS therapy (CS group), whereas 18 patients underwent DCS therapy alone (non-CS group). The median survival time (MST) of CS group was 33.3 months, which was significantly longer than the MST of 9.0 months in non-CS group (p < 0.01). The number of CD163+macrophages was extracted as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in all patients. There were more cases of high infiltration of CD163+macrophages in non-CS group than in CS group. Furthermore, in CS group, pathological responders to DCS therapy showed low infiltration of CD163+ macrophages, and high infiltration of CD8+lymphocyte. CD163 low group showed a significant prolonged survival compared with CD163 high group in patients who underwent CS (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The pre-treatment CD163+macrophages infiltration would be a pivotal biomarker for predicting prognosis and pathological response to multidisciplinary treatment among TIICs in MGC.
Thus, for patients with low CD163+macrophage infiltration in pre-treatment biopsy sample, diagnostic imaging should be performed frequently during chemotherapy to avoid missing the optimal timing for CS, and CS should be aggressively considered as a treatment option if curative resection is deemed feasible.
Socio-economic inequalities in health service utilization among Chinese rural migrant workers with New Cooperative Medical Scheme: a multilevel regression approach
Authors: Li Dan , Zhang Jian , Yang Jinjuan , Xu Yongjian , Lyu Ruoxi , Zhong Lichen , Wang Xiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
While reducing inequity in health service utilization is an important goal of China’s health system, it has been widely acknowledged that a huge number of rural migrant workers cannot be effectually protected against risks with the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (NCMS).

Method
Data of the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamic Survey and the Chinese Urban Statistical Yearbook were used. The multilevel regression approach was implemented with a nationally representative sample of rural migrant workers with NCMS. Our study adopted the concentration index and its decomposition method to quantify the inequality of their health service utilization.

Result
The multilevel model analysis indicated that impact variables for health service utilization were not concentrated, especially the contextual and individual characteristics. The concentration indices of the probability of two weeks outpatient and the probability of inpatient were -0.168 (95%CI:-0.236,-0.092) and -0.072 (95%CI:-1.085,-0.060), respectively. The horizontal inequality indices for the probability of two-week outpatient and the probability of inpatient were -0.012 and 0.053, respectively.

Conclusion
The health service utilization of rural migrant workers with NCMS is insufficient. Our study highlighted that substantial inequalities in their health service utilization did exist. In addition, their need of health service utilization increased the pro-poor inequality. Based on the findings, our study offered notable implications on compensation policies and benefit packages to improve the equality among rural migrant workers with NCMS.