bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the representation theory of Iwahori-Hecke algebras of extended finite Weyl groups
Authors: Geck Meinolf 
Published: July 2002

We apply Lusztig’s theory of cells and asymptotic algebras to the Iwahori–Hecke algebra of a finite Weyl group extended by a group of graph automorphisms. This yields general results about splitting fields (extending earlier results by Digne–Michel) and decomposition matrices (generalizing earlier results by the author). Our main application is to establish an explicit formula for the number of simple modules in typeDnD_n(except in characteristic 22), using the known results about typeBnB_ndue to Dipper, James, and Murphy and Ariki and Mathas.
On Laguerre polynomials, Bessel functions, Hankel transform and a series in the unitary dual of the simply-connected covering group of 𝑆𝑙(2,ℝ)
Authors: Kostant Bertram 
Published: July 2002

Analogous to the holomorphic discrete series ofSl(2,R)Sl(2,\mathbb R)there is a continuous family{πr}\{\pi _r\},−1>r>∞-1>r>\infty, of irreducible unitary representations ofGG, the simply-connected covering group ofSl(2,R)Sl(2,\mathbb R). A construction of this series is given in this paper using classical function theory. For allrrthe Hilbert space isL2((0,∞))L_2((0,\infty )). First of all one exhibits a representation,DrD_r, ofg=LieG\mathfrak g=Lie\,Gby second order differential operators onC∞((0,∞))C^\infty ((0,\infty )). Forx∈(0,∞)x\in (0,\infty ),−1>r>∞-1>r>\inftyandn∈Z+n\in \mathbb Z_+letφn(r)(x)=e−xxr2Ln(r)(2x)\varphi _n^{(r)}(x)= e^{-x}x^{\frac {r}{2}}L_n^{(r)}(2x)whereLn(r)(x)L_n^{(r)}(x)is the Laguerre polynomial with parameters{n,r}\{n,r\}. LetHrHC\mathcal H_r^{HC}be the span ofφn(r)\varphi _n^{(r)}forn∈Z+n\in \mathbb Z_+. Next one shows, using a famous result of E. Nelson, thatDr|HrHCD_r|{\mathcal H}_r^{HC}exponentiates to the unitary representationπr\pi _rofGG. The power of Nelson’s theorem is exhibited here by the fact that if0>r>10>r>1, one hasDr=D−rD_r=D_{-r}, whereasπr\pi _ris inequivalent toπ−r\pi _{-r}. Forr=12r=\frac 12, the elements in the pair{π12,π−12}\{\pi _{\frac {1}{2}},\pi _{-\frac {1}{2}}\}are the two components of the metaplectic representation. Using a result of G.H. Hardy one shows that the Hankel transform is given byπr(a)\pi _r(a)wherea∈Ga\in Ginduces the non-trivial element of a Weyl group. As a consequence, continuity properties and enlarged domains of definition, of the Hankel transform follow from standard facts in representation theory. Also, ifJrJ_ris the classical Bessel function, then for anyy∈(0,∞)y\in (0,\infty ), the functionJr,y(x)=Jr(2xy)J_{r,y}(x)=J_r(2\sqrt {xy})is a Whittaker vector. Other weight vectors are given and the highest weight vector is given by a limiting behavior at00.
Feature selection for genetic sequence classification.
Authors: Chuzhanova N A , Jones A J , Margetts S 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Most of the existing methods for genetic sequence classification are based on a computer search for homologies in nucleotide or amino acid sequences. The standard sequence alignment programs scale very poorly as the number of sequences increases or the degree of sequence identity is &lt;30%. Some new computationally inexpensive methods based on nucleotide or amino acid compositional analysis have been proposed, but prediction results are still unsatisfactory and depend on the features chosen to represent the sequences. RESULTS: In this paper, a feature selection method based on the Gamma (or near-neighbour) test is proposed. If there is a continuous or smooth map from feature space to the classification target values, the Gamma test gives an estimate for the mean-squared error of the classification, despite the fact that one has no a priori knowledge of the smooth mapping. We can search a large space of possible feature combinations for a combination which gives a smallest estimated mean-squared error using a genetic algorithm. The method was used for feature selection and classification of the large subunits of rRNA according to RDP (Ribosomal Database Project) phylogenetic classes. The sequences were represented by dinucleotide frequency distribution. The nearest-neighbour criterion has been used to estimate the predictive accuracy of the classification based on the selected features. For examples discussed, we found that the classification according to the first nearest neighbour is correct for 80% of the test samples. If we consider the set of the 10 nearest neighbours, then 94% of the test samples are classified correctly. AVAILABILITY: The principal novel component of this method is the Gamma test and this can be downloaded compiled for Unix Sun 4, Windows 95 and MS-DOS from http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/ec/ Contact: s.margetts@cs.cf.ac.uk
Possible mechanisms of anosognosia: a defect in self–awareness
Authors:   The American Association for Research into Nervous and Mental Diseases, Heilman K. M. , Barrett A. M. , Adair J. C. 
Published: July 2002

Anosognosia of hemiplegia is of interest for both pragmatic and theoretical reasons. We discuss several neuropsychological theories that have been proposed to explain this deficit. Although for psychological reasons people might deny deficits, the denial hypothesis cannot account for the hemispheric asymmetries associated with this disorder and cannot explain why some patients might deny one deficit and recognize another equally disabling deficit. There is some evidence that faulty feedback from sensory deficits, spatial neglect and asomatognosia might be responsible for anosognosia in some patients. However, these feedback hypotheses cannot account for anosognosia in all patients. Although the hemispheric disconnection hypothesis is appealing, disconnection is probably only a rare cause of this disorder. The feedforward intentional theory of anosognosia suggests that the discovery of weakness is dependent on attempted action and some patients might have anosognosia because they do not attempt to move. We present evidence that supports this theory. The presence of one mechanism of anosognosia, however, does not preclude the possibility that other mechanisms might also be working to produce this disorder. Although a large population study needs to be performed, we suspect that anosognosia might be caused by several of the mechanisms that we have discussed.On the basis of the studies of impaired corporeal self–awareness that we have reviewed, we can infer that normal self–awareness is dependent on several parallel processes. One must have sensory feedback and the ability to attend to both one's body and the space where parts of the body may be positioned or acting. One must develop a representation of the body, and this representation must be continuously modified by expectations (feedforward) and knowledge of results (feedback).
‘The surface management system’ (SuMS) database: a surface–based database to aid cortical surface reconstruction, visualization and analysis
Authors: Dickson James , Drury Heather , Van Essen David C. 
Published: July 2002

Surface reconstructions of the cerebral cortex are increasingly widely used in the analysis and visualization of cortical structure, function and connectivity. From a neuroinformatics perspective, dealing with surface–related data poses a number of challenges. These include the multiplicity of configurations in which surfaces are routinely viewed (e.g. inflated maps, spheres and flat maps), plus the diversity of experimental data that can be represented on any given surface. To address these challenges, we have developed a surface management system (SuMS) that allows automated storage and retrieval of complex surface–related datasets.SuMS provides a systematic framework for the classification, storage and retrieval of many types of surface–related data and associated volume data. Within this classification framework, it serves as a versioncontrol system capable of handling large numbers of surface and volume datasets. With built–in database management system support, SuMS provides rapid search and retrieval capabilities across all the datasets, while also incorporating multiple security levels to regulate access. SuMS is implemented in Java and can be accessed via a Web interface (WebSuMS) or using downloaded client software. Thus, SuMS is well positioned to act as a multiplatform, multi–user ‘surface request broker’ for the neuroscience community.
Free‐thiol Cys331 exposed during activation process is critical for native tetramer structure of cathepsin C (dipeptidyl peptidase I)
Authors: Horn Martin , Baudyš Miroslav , Voburka Zdeněk , Kluh Ivan , Vondrášek Jiří , Mareš Michael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe mature bovine cathepsin C (CC) molecule is composed of four identical monomers, each proteolytically processed into three chains. Five intrachain disulfides and three nonpaired cysteine residues per monomer were identified. Beside catalytic Cys234 in the active site, free‐thiol Cys331 and Cys424 were characterized. Cys424 can be classified as inaccessible buried residue. Selective modification of Cys331 results in dissociation of native CC tetramer into dimers. The 3D homology‐based model of the CC catalytic core suggests that Cys331 becomes exposed as the activation peptide is removed during procathepsin C activation. The model further shows that exposed Cys331 is surrounded by a surface hydrophobic cluster, unique to CC, forming a dimer–dimer interaction interface. Substrate/inhibitor recognition of the active site in the CC dimer differs significantly from that in the native tetramer. Taken together, a mechanism is proposed that assumes that the CC tetramer formation results in a site‐specific occlusion of endopeptidase‐like active site cleft of each CC monomeric unit. Thus, tetramerization provides for the structural basis of the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of CC through a substrate access‐limiting mechanism different from those found in homologous monomeric exopeptidases cathepsin H and B. In conclusion, the mechanism of tetramer formation as well as specific posttranslational processing segregates CC in the family of papain proteases.
Crystal structure of human L‐isoaspartyl‐O‐methyl‐transferase with S‐adenosyl homocysteine at 1.6‐Å resolution and modeling of an isoaspartyl‐containing peptide at the active site
Authors: Smith Craig D. , Carson Mike , Friedman Alan M. , Skinner Matthew M. , Delucas Lawrence , Chantalat Laurent , Weise Lance , Shirasawa Takuji , Chattopadhyay Debashish 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSpontaneous formation of isoaspartyl residues (isoAsp) disrupts the structure and function of many normal proteins. Protein isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) reverts many isoAsp residues to aspartate as a protein repair process. We have determined the crystal structure of human protein isoaspartyl methyltransferase (HPIMT) complexed with adenosyl homocysteine (AdoHcy) to 1.6‐Å resolution. The core structure has a nucleotide binding domain motif, which is structurally homologous with the N‐terminal domain of the bacterial Thermotoga maritima PIMT. Highly conserved residues in PIMTs among different phyla are placed at positions critical to AdoHcy binding and orienting the isoAsp residue substrate for methylation. The AdoHcy is completely enclosed within the HPIMT and a conformational change must occur to allow exchange with adenosyl methionine (AdoMet). An ordered sequential enzyme mechanism is supported because C‐terminal residues involved with AdoHcy binding also form the isoAsp peptide binding site, and a change of conformation to allow AdoHcy to escape would preclude peptide binding. Modeling experiments indicated isoAsp groups observed in some known protein crystal structures could bind to the HPIMT active site.
Prevalence of hypertension among the indigenous population in North‐East India: Is this a consequence of “nutritional transition”?
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Peseyie Viserano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis article aims to understand the influence of residential status on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among adult Angami Naga of Nagaland.MethodsA total number of 194 (100 rural and 94 urban) adult Angami Naga participated in the study. Blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, was measured for each participant. Nutritional status was evaluated through body mass index. Metabolic health was measured through waist circumference, waist‐hip ratio and percent body fat (%BF). Multiple regression analysis was done to examine the influence of residential status and other bio‐social factors on the prevalence of obesity and hypertension.ResultsResults indicate high prevalence of systolic hypertension among urban residents, in both males (29.6%Urban vs. 20.4%Rural; p > .05) and females (17.4%Urban vs. 11.6%Rural; p > .05), with gender inequality favoring females. Similar trend was observed in diastolic hypertension as well. On the other hand, obesity was found to be greater in rural males (8.3%Urban vs.10.2%Rural; p = .002), and urban females (11.6%Urban vs. 3.5%Rural; p > .05). However in %BF, only negligible percentages of urban females (2.3%Urban vs. 0.0%Rural; p > .05) were found to be moderately overweight or obese and no males were found to be overweight. Further, regression analyzes indicate that age, sex, and residential status are the most important (p < .001) causal factors behind the prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the Angami Naga.ConclusionsIt was observed that elderly urban males were the most susceptible section of this community in developing CVD risk factors related vulnerabilities. However, we propose understanding this prevalence from an evolutionary approach of physiological mechanism toward nutritional transition in Angami Naga, like many other indigenous populations of northeast India.
Septin‐5 and ‐7‐IgGs: Neurologic, Serologic, and Pathophysiologic Characteristics
Authors: Hinson Shannon R. , Honorat Josephe A. , Grund Ethan M. , Clarkson Benjamin D. , Miske Ramona , Scharf Madeleine , Zivelonghi Cecilia , Al‐Lozi Muhammad Taher , Bucelli Robert C. , Budhram Adrian , Cho Tracey , Choi Ellie , Grell Jacquelyn , Lopez‐Chiriboga Alfonso Sebastian , Levin Marc , Merati Melody , Montalvo Mayra , Pittock Sean J. , Wilson Michael R. , Howe Charles L. , McKeon Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Background and ObjectivesWe sought to determine clinical significance of neuronal septin autoimmunity and evaluate for potential IgG effects.MethodsSeptin‐IgGs were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs; mouse tissue and cell based) or Western blot. IgG binding to (and internalization of) extracellular septin epitopes were evaluated for by live rat hippocampal neuron assay. The impact of purified patient IgGs on murine cortical neuron function was determined by recording extracellular field potentials in a multielectrode array platform.ResultsSeptin‐IgGs were identified in 23 patients. All 8 patients with septin‐5‐IgG detected had cerebellar ataxia, and 7 had prominent eye movement disorders. One of 2 patients with co‐existing septin‐7‐IgG had additional psychiatric phenotype (apathy, emotional blunting, and poor insight). Fifteen patients had septin‐7 autoimmunity, without septin‐5‐IgG detected. Disorders included encephalopathy (11; 2 patients with accompanying myelopathy, and 2 were relapsing), myelopathy (3), and episodic ataxia (1). Psychiatric symptoms (≥1 of agitation, apathy, catatonia, disorganized thinking, and paranoia) were prominent in 6 of 11 patients with encephalopathic symptoms. Eight of 10 patients with data available (from 23 total) improved after immunotherapy, and a further 2 patients improved spontaneously. Staining of plasma membranes of live hippocampal neurons produced by patient IgGs (subclasses 1 and 2) colocalized with pre‐ and post‐synaptic markers. Decreased spiking and bursting behavior in mixed cultures of murine glutamatergic and GABAergic cortical neurons produced by patient IgGs were attributable to neither antigenic crosslinking and internalization nor complement activation.InterpretationSeptin‐IgGs are predictive of distinct treatment‐responsive autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Live neuron binding and induced electrophysiologic effects by patient IgGs may support septin‐specific pathophysiology. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1090–1101
Electronic Character of α,3‐Dehydrotoluene Intermediates Generated from Isolable Allenyne‐Containing Substrates
Authors: Xu Qian , Hoye Thomas R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report here the generation of α,3‐dehydrotoluenes, a relatively rare subset of reactive intermediates of the dehydroaromatic family, from isolable allenynes. The substructure motif in the allenyne substrates is distinct from, and complementary to, those found in Myers‐Saito/Schmittel‐type cycloisomerizations. The reactions reported here give rise to product profiles that provide insight about the electronic nature (i.e., diradical vs. zwitterion vs. cyclic allene) of the particular isomeric DHT(s) that is(are) produced under different reaction conditions differing most significantly in the polarity of the reaction solvent. One example also revealed previously unobserved carbene‐like reactivity of the DHT.
Open‐Bandgap Graphene‐Based Field‐Effect Transistor Using Oligo(phenylene‐ethynylene) Interfacial Chemistry
Authors: Kim Kyung Ho , Seo Sung Eun , Park Chul Soon , Kim Soomin , Lee Soohyun , Ryu Choong‐Min , Yong Dongeun , Park Yoo Min , Kwon Oh Seok 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic interfacial compounds (OICs) are required as linkers for the highly stable and efficient immobilization of bioprobes in nanobiosensors using 2D nanomaterials such as graphene. Herein, we first demonstrated the fabrication of a field‐effect transistor (FET) via a microelectromechanical system process after covalent functionalization on large‐scale graphene by introducing oligo(phenylene‐ethynylene)amine (OPE). OPE was compared to various OICs by density functional theory simulations and was confirmed to have a higher binding energy with graphene and a lower band gap than other OICs. OPE can improve the immobilization efficiency of a bioprobe by forming a self‐assembly monolayer via anion‐based reaction. Using this technology, Magainin I‐conjugated OGMFET (MOGMFET) showed a high sensitivity, high selectivity, with a limit of detection of 100 cfu mL−1. These results indicate that the OPE OIC can be applied for stable and comfortable interfacing technology for biosensor fabrication.
An Activatable and Reversible Virus‐Mimicking NIR‐II Nanoprobe for Monitoring the Progression of Viral Encephalitis
Authors: Chen Hua‐Jie , Qin Ying , Wang Zhi‐Gang , Wang Lei , Pang Dai‐Wen , Zhao Dongbing , Liu Shu‐Lin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractViral encephalitis is an inflammatory disease of the brain parenchyma and caused by various viral infections. In vivo monitoring of the progression of viral infections can aid accurate diagnosis of viral encephalitis and effective intervention. We developed an activatable and reversible virus‐mimicking near‐infrared II nanoprobe consisting of an Fe2+‐coordinated, viral protein‐decorated vesicle encapsulating PbS quantum dots with a 1300 nm fluorescence emission. The probe can cross the blood–brain barrier and monitor real‐time changes in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species concentrations during viral infection by tuning the quenching level of quantum dots and regulating the fusion–fission behavior of vesicles via changes in Fe oxidation state. This switching strategy reduces background noise and improves detection sensitivity, making this nanoprobe a promising imaging agent for dynamic visualization of viral encephalitis and future clinical applications.
Online administration of the ADOS for research with adolescents and adults in response to the pandemic
Authors: Eigsti Inge‐Marie , Thomas Rebecca P. , Stabile Mackenzie , Mohan Anusha , Dieckhaus Mary F. S. , Crutcher Jason , Taverna Elise , Fein Deborah A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates an online ADOS‐2 Module 4 administration. Adolescents and adults with (n = 24; 7 females) and without (n = 13; 5 females) a history of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) completed the ADOS‐2 Module 4 via videoconference. Parents or caregivers completed the Parent/Caregiver Form of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and the Achenbach Adult Behavior Checklist. The ADOS‐2 was reviewed and scored by five trained clinicians and supervised by a senior clinician with established research reliability. The autistic group's scores differed on ADOS total (Calibrated Severity Score, WPS instrument) and domain scores, KSADS domain scores, and Achenbach T‐scores. Inter‐rater reliability was “moderate” (κ = 0.732), and percentage item‐wise agreement was r = 0.69. The online ADOS‐2 showed significant convergence with parent‐reported assessments of ASD‐relevant symptoms and characteristics, suggesting it was a valid assessment. While any online assessments must be used with caution, results suggest that the approach described here could have sufficient validity and reliability to fill the urgent need to assess and evaluate ASD symptomatology, as one component of a thorough clinical evaluation of ASD‐related behaviors.Lay SummaryIn this exploratory study, we asked whether it was possible to give the ADOS‐2 to adolescents and adults in a completely online way. Results showed that expert clinicians agreed on 69% of ADOS‐2 items; also, participants with autism had higher scores on all parts of the ADOS‐2. The online ADOS‐2 scores had strong and significant relationships with parents' reports of friendship and social skills. While we need more research that tests this method, this way of doing the ADOS‐2 online may be useful for clinicians and researchers who have an urgent need to evaluate autism during the pandemic.
Multiple rib fractures confused with loss of lung volume on chest X‐ray
Authors: Hirata Risa , Tago Masaki , Tago Motoko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 90‐year‐old woman with osteoporosis and no recent injury history visited the hospital for a regular checkup. Chest X‐ray showed a loss of right upper lung volume. Although we suspected pulmonary parenchymal or pleural disease, computed tomography revealed multiple rib fractures on the right side, which caused thoracic deformation.
Adducing Knowledge Capabilities of Instrumental Techniques Through the Exploration of Heterostructures’ Modification Methods
Authors: Underwood Timothy M. , Robinson Ross S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ongoing evolution of technology has facilitated the global research community to rapidly escalate the constant development of novel advancements in science. At the forefront of such achievements in the field of photocatalysis is the utilisation, and in oftentimes, the adaptation of modern instrumentation to understand photo‐physical properties of complex heterostructures. For example, coupling in‐situ X‐ray Raman scattering spectroscopy for real‐time degradation of catalytic materials.