bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larval parasitism in a specialist herbivore is explained by phenological synchrony and host plant availability
Authors: Stefanescu Constantí , Colom Pau , Barea‐Azcón José Miguel , Horsfield David , Komac Benjamin , Miralles Adrià , Shaw Mark R. , Ubach Andreu , Gutiérrez David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Parasitism is a key factor in the population dynamics of many herbivorous insects, although its impact on host populations varies widely, for instance, along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. Understanding the sources of geographical variation in host–parasitoid interactions is crucial for reliably predicting the future success of the interacting species under a context of global change.

Here, we examine larval parasitism in the butterfly Aglais urticae in south‐west Europe, where it is a mountain specialist. Larval nests were sampled over 2 years along altitudinal gradients in three Iberian mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada, home to its southernmost European population. Additional data on nettle condition and adult butterflies were obtained in the study areas.

These data sources were used to investigate whether or not differences in parasitism rates are related to the geographical position and phenology of the host, and to the availability of the host plants.

Phenological differences in the host populations between regions were related to the severity of summer drought and the corresponding differences in host plant availability. At the trailing‐edge of its distribution, the butterfly's breeding season was restricted to the end of winter and spring, while in its northern Iberian range the season was prolonged until mid‐summer. Although parasitism was an important source of mortality in all regions, parasitism rates and parasitoid richness were highest in the north and lowest in the south. Moreover, within a region, there was a notable increase in parasitism rates over time, which probably led to selection against an additional late summer host generation in northern regions. Conversely, the shorter breeding season in Sierra Nevada resulted in a loss of synchrony between the host and one important late season parasitoid, Sturmia bella, which may partly explain the high density of this butterfly species at the trailing‐edge of its range.

Our results support the key role of host phenology in accounting for differences in parasitism rates between populations. They also provide insights into how climate through host plant availability affects host phenology and, ultimately, the impact of parasitism on host populations.
Exploiting the gut microbiota to predict the origins and quality traits of cultured sea cucumbers
Authors: Zhao Zelong , Jiang Jingwei , Zheng Jie , Pan Yongjia , Dong Ying , Chen Zhong , Gao Shan , Xiao Yao , Jiang Pingzhe , Wang Xuda , Zhang Gaohua , Wang Bai , Yu Di , Fu Zhiyu , Guan Xiaoyan , Sun Hongjuan , Zhou Zunchun 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNowadays, the true economic and nutritional value of food is underpinned by both origin and quality traits, more often expressed as increased quality benefits derived from the origin source. Gut microbiota contribute to food metabolism and host health, therefore, it may be suitable as a qualifying indicator of origin and quality of economic species. Here, we investigated relationships between the gut microbiota of the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), a valuable aquaculture species in Asia, with their origins and quality metrics. Based on data from 287 intestinal samples, we generated the first biogeographical patterns for A. japonicus gut microbiota from origins across China. Importantly, A. japonicus origins were predicted using the random forest model that was constructed using 20 key gut bacterial genera, with 97.6% accuracy. Furthermore, quality traits such as saponin, fat and taurine were also successfully predicted by random forest models based on gut microbiota, with approximately 80% consistency between predicted and true values. We showed that substantial variations existed in the gut microbiota and quality variables in A. japonicus across different origins, and we also demonstrated the great potential of gut microbiota to track A. japonicus origins and predict their quality traits.
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: A Mixed‐method Study on Headhunter‐intermediated Recruitment Practices
Authors: Peltokorpi Vesa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile organizations increasingly rely on headhunters, little research has focused on what kinds of employees are contacted by headhunters and how these contacts are related to turnover. This study uses an exploratory sequential mixed‐method design to examine what kinds of employees contingency headhunters contact and why some of them leave. Using the case of Japan, where foreign subsidiaries use headhunters extensively to recruit host country nationals (HCNs), we first conducted interviews with 131 clients, headhunters and HCNs (candidates). The findings indicated that the contacts made by headhunters were guided by the HCNs’ age, gender, education level, English proficiency, tenure and prior placement by headhunters. The findings also showed that headhunter contacts drive up turnover, and that job alternatives and job embeddedness moderate the relationship between headhunter contacts and turnover. We used these findings and research on the unfolding model and headhunters to develop an abductively derived research model and hypotheses. In another study, we tested these hypotheses by time‐lagged survey data from 456 HCNs in foreign subsidiaries. The survey findings showed that headhunter contacts mediate the relationships between English proficiency, tenure and prior placement by headhunters, and that job alternatives and job embeddedness moderate the positive relationship between headhunter contacts and turnover.
Learning environments, reliability enhancing work practices, employee engagement, and safety climate in VA cardiac catheterization laboratories
Authors: Gilmartin Heather M. , Hess Edward , Mueller Candice , Connelly Brigid , Plomondon Mary E. , Waldo Stephen W. , Battaglia Catherine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the relationship between learning environments (the educational approaches, cultural context, and settings in which teaching and learning happen) and reliability enhancing work practices (hiring, training, decision making) with employee engagement, retention, and safety climate.Data sourceWe collected data using the Learning Environment and High Reliability Practices Survey (LEHRs) from 231 physicians, nurses, and technicians at 67 Veterans Affairs cardiac catheterization laboratories who care for high‐risk Veterans.Study designThe association between the average LEHRs score and employee job satisfaction, burnout, intent to leave, turnover, and safety climate were modeled in separate linear mixed effect models adjusting for other covariates.Data collectionParticipants responded to a web‐only survey from August through September 2020.Principal findingsThere was a significant association between higher average LEHRs scores and (1) higher job satisfaction (2) lower burnout, (3) lower intent to leave, (4) lower cath lab turnover in the previous 12 months, and (5) higher perceived safety climate.ConclusionsLearning environments and use of reliability enhancing work practices are potential new avenues to support satisfaction and safety climate while lowering burnout, intent to leave, and turnover in a diverse US health care workforce that serves a vulnerable and marginalized population.
Pharmacy switching in response to preferred pharmacy networks in Medicare Part D
Authors: Xu Jianhui , Trish Erin , Joyce Geoffrey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of preferred pharmacy networks—a tool that Medicare Part D plans have recently adopted to steer patients to lower cost pharmacies—on the use of preferred pharmacies and factors underlying beneficiaries' decisions on whether to switch to preferred pharmacies.Data SourcesMedicare claims data were collected for a nationally representative 20% sample of beneficiaries during 2010–2016 and merged with annual Part D pharmacy network files.Study DesignWe examined preferred networks' impact on pharmacy choice by estimating a difference‐in‐differences model comparing preferred pharmacies' claim share before and after implementation among unsubsidized and subsidized beneficiaries. Additionally, we evaluated the factors affecting whether a beneficiary switched from mainly using nonpreferred to preferred pharmacies.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe examined stand‐alone drug plans that adopted a preferred network during 2011–2016. Our main sample included beneficiaries 65 years and older who stayed in their plan in both the first year of implementation and the year before and whose cost‐sharing subsidy status and ZIP code remained unchanged during the 2‐year period.Principal FindingsUnsubsidized Part D beneficiaries faced an average difference of $129 per year in out‐of‐pocket spending between using nonpreferred and preferred pharmacies, while subsidized beneficiaries were insulated from these cost differences. The implementation of preferred networks resulted in a 3.7‐percentage point (95% CI: 3.3, 4.2) increase in preferred pharmacies' claim share in the first year among the unsubsidized. Existing relationships with preferred pharmacies, the size of financial incentives, proximity to preferred pharmacies, and urban residence were positively associated with beneficiaries' decisions to switch to these pharmacies.ConclusionsPreferred pharmacy networks caused a moderate shift on average towards preferred pharmacies among unsubsidized beneficiaries, although stronger financial incentives correlated with more switching. Researchers and policymakers should better understand plans' cost‐sharing strategies and assess whether communities have equitable access to preferred pharmacies.
Addressing the energy crisis: using microbes to make biofuels
Authors: Ramos Juan L. , Pakuts Ben , Godoy Patricia , García‐Franco Ana , Duque Estrella 
Published: March 2022

SummaryMuch of the energy being used to power our lives comes from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and petroleum. These energy sources are non‐renewable, are being exhausted and also pollute the air, water and soil with toxic chemicals. Their mining, transportation, refining and use are associated with a large carbon footprint that contributes significantly to global warming. In addition, the geopolitical complexities surrounding the main fossil fuel producers create risks and uncertainties around the world. Replacing fossil fuels with clean, renewable forms of energy is paramount to creating a sustainable and healthy future, and for laying the foundations for global political stability and prosperity. Using biomass from plants, microbes can produce biofuels that are identical to or perform as well as fossil fuels. In addition of creating sustainable energy, advancing the biofuel industry will create new, high‐quality rural jobs whilst improving energy security.
Brain mineralocorticoid receptor in health and disease: From molecular signalling to cognitive and emotional function
Authors: Paul Susana N. , Wingenfeld Katja , Otte Christian , Meijer Onno C. 
Published: March 2022

Brain mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) mediate effects of glucocorticoid hormones in stress adaptation, as well as the effects of aldosterone itself in relation to salt homeostasis. Brain stem MRs respond to aldosterone, whereas forebrain MRs mediate rapid and delayed glucocorticoid effects in conjunction with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). MR‐mediated effects depend on age, gender, genetic variations, and environmental influences. Disturbed MR activity through chronic stress, certain (endocrine) diseases or during glucocorticoid therapy can cause deleterious effects on affective state, cognitive and behavioural function in susceptible individuals. Considering the important role MR plays in cognition and emotional function in health and disease, MR modulation by pharmacological intervention could relieve stress‐ and endocrine‐related symptoms. Here, we discuss recent pharmacological interventions in the clinic and genetic developments in the molecular underpinnings of MR signalling. Further understanding of MR‐dependent pathways may help to improve psychiatric symptoms in a diversity of settings.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Emerging Fields for Therapeutic Targeting of the Aldosterone‐Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling Pathway. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.13/issuetoc
COVID‐19 and mental health of primary school children: Comparison of 2019 and 2020
Authors: Gilligan Colin , Sresthaporn Natthaphol , Mulligan Aisling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIt is believed that the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated global school closures may have an adverse effect on children's mental health.MethodsWe performed repeated measures of the mental health of children attending one primary school in Ireland before and during the quarantine phase of the first wave of the pandemic. We used the ‘My Feelings Form’, which is a 14‐item colourful self‐report measure which was completed in the classroom in 2019 and via postal survey in 2020.ResultsWe had an 87% response rate in 2019 and a 35% response rate via postal return in 2020. We found no evidence of a change in mean measures of mental health between 2019 and 2020, in the 35% who responded in 2020.ConclusionThere is a cohort of children who were not adversely affected by the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic and associated school closures in Ireland.
Investigating the moderators and mediators of an effective sleep intervention in the Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) randomized controlled trial: Exploratory analyses
Authors: Fangupo Louise , Haszard Jillian , Galland Barbara , Taylor Barry , Heath Anne‐Louise , Healey Dione , Meredith‐Jones Kim , Sayers Rachel , Hatch Burt , Taylor Rachael 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) sleep intervention halved obesity risk at 2 years of age. However, the intervention mechanisms are unclear. Consequently, the objective of the current work was to use exploratory analyses to investigate potential moderators and mediators of the sleep intervention on obesity outcomes at age 2 years. Data were collected between 2009 and 2012. The effect of demographic and study design variables on body mass indexz‐score (BMIz‐score) and obesity was compared in moderator subgroups at 2 years of age (n = 683, 85%). Mediating effects of child and parent–household variables assessed whether the sleep intervention resulted in meaningful changes in the mediating variable (defined as changes which were statistically significant [p < .05] or where the effect size was ≥0.15 SD), followed by assessing relationships with obesity outcomes. The sleep intervention appeared most effective in children in higher deprivation areas (effect on BMIz‐score −0.25 [−0.53, 0.04], effect on obesity odds ratio [OR] 0.43 [0.16, 1.13]), and with mothers of non‐European, non‐Māori ethnicity (effect on BMIz‐score −0.27 [−0.73, 0.20], effect on obesity OR 0.13 [95% confidence interval 0.01, 1.11]). This suggested moderation by deprivation and ethnicity. Aspects of sleep improved meaningfully in children after intervention but did not significantly relate to obesity outcomes, and other outcomes were not meaningfully affected by the sleep intervention. Thus, mediation was not indicated. Overall, the POI sleep intervention improved obesity outcomes at 2 years, and the current work identified some potential moderators, but no mediators.
Echocardiographic measurements of left atrial volume in patients with ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Backman Marie , Rosfors Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEchocardiographic measurements of left atrial volume (LAV) were evaluated in 57 consecutive patients with ischaemic heart disease. LAV was 38 ml/m2 (SD 11), larger in patients with ejection fraction (EF) below 45% than in patients with normal EF (≥55%) but in regression analyses only E/e′ correlated independently with LAV. Measurements of LAV had acceptable reproducibility where repeated examinations indicated that half of the variability was explained by the measurement procedure. Our results suggest that an increase or decrease in LAV of 13 ml/m2 between two examinations indicates a true change in volume, possible due to a changed left ventricular filling pressure.
Vericiguat in combination with isosorbide mononitrate in patients with chronic coronary syndromes: The randomized, phase Ib, VISOR study
Authors: Boettcher Michael , Mikus Gerd , Trenk Dietmar , Düngen Hans‐Dirk , Donath Frank , Werner Nikos , Karakas Mahir , Besche Nina , Schulz‐Burck Dominik , Gerrits Mireille , Hung James , Becker Corina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVericiguat was developed for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF) in adult patients with reduced ejection fraction who are stabilized after a recent decompensation event. Guidelines recommend long‐acting nitrates, such as isosorbide mononitrate, for angina prophylaxis in chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), common comorbidities in HF. This study evaluated safety, tolerability, and the pharmacodynamic (PD) interaction between co‐administered vericiguat and isosorbide mononitrate in patients with CCS. In this phase Ib, double‐blind, multicenter study, patients were randomized 2:1 to receive vericiguat plus isosorbide mononitrate (n = 28) or placebo plus isosorbide mononitrate (n = 13). Isosorbide mononitrate was uptitrated to a stable dose of 60 mg once daily, followed by co‐administration with vericiguat (uptitrated every 2 weeks from 2.5 mg to 5 mg and 10 mg) or placebo. Thirty‐five patients completed treatment (vericiguat, n = 23; placebo, n = 12). Mean baseline‐ and placebo‐adjusted vital signs showed reductions of 1.4–5.1 mmHg (systolic blood pressure) and 0.4–2.9 mmHg (diastolic blood pressure) and increases of 0.0–1.8 beats per minute (heart rate) with vericiguat plus isosorbide mononitrate. No consistent vericiguat dose‐dependent PD effects were noted. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 92.3% and 66.7% in the vericiguat and placebo groups, respectively, and most were mild in intensity. Blood pressure and heart rate changes observed with vericiguat plus isosorbide mononitrate were not considered clinically relevant. This combination was generally well‐tolerated. Concomitant use of vericiguat with isosorbide mononitrate is unlikely to cause significant AEs beyond those known for isosorbide mononitrate.
A low n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio diet improves hyperinsulinaemia by restoring insulin clearance in obese youth
Authors: Tricò Domenico , Galderisi Alfonso , Van Name Michelle A. , Caprio Sonia , Samuels Stephanie , Li Zhongyao , Galuppo Brittany T. , Savoye Mary , Mari Andrea , Feldstein Ariel E. , Santoro Nicola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the determinants and metabolic impact of the reduction in fasting and postload insulin levels after a low n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio diet in obese youth.Materials and MethodsInsulin secretion and clearance were assessed by measuring and modelling plasma insulin and C‐peptide in 17 obese youth who underwent a nine‐point, 180‐minute oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after a 12‐week, eucaloric low n‐6:n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio diet. Hepatic fat content was assessed by repeated abdominal magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsInsulin clearance at fasting and during the OGTT was significantly increased after the diet, while body weight, glucose levels, absolute and glucose‐dependent insulin secretion, and model‐derived variables of β‐cell function were not affected. Dietary‐induced changes in insulin clearance positively correlated with changes in whole‐body insulin sensitivity and β‐cell glucose sensitivity, but not with changes in hepatic fat. Subjects with greater increases in insulin clearance showed a worse metabolic profile at enrolment, characterized by impaired insulin clearance, β‐cell glucose sensitivity, and glucose tolerance, and benefitted the most from the diet, achieving greater improvements in glucose‐stimulated hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and β‐cell function.ConclusionsWe showed that a 12‐week low n‐6:n‐3 PUFA ratio diet improves hyperinsulinaemia by increasing fasting and postload insulin clearance in obese youth, independently of weight loss, glucose concentrations, and insulin secretion.
Pacemaker‐associated superior vena cava syndrome: Role of contrast echocardiography
Authors: Akin Yesim , Cagli Kumral , Okten Riza Sarper , Keles Telat , Golbasi Zehra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPacemaker‐associated superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is increasingly recognized as a nonmalignant type of SVC syndrome. Computed tomographic (CT) angiography is the first choice of imaging for diagnosis but in some cases there is discrepancy between the clinical findings and CT images. In this report we present the role of contrast study with transesophageal echocardiography in a patient with suspicion of SVC syndrome but inconclusive CT findings.
The geography of the fintech industry in China: An analysis of China’s city‐level patenting
Authors: Dai Dandan , Chen Yijia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the geography of the fintech industry in China's cities, which has not been systematically studied. It contributes to the literature on fintech by applying a new theoretical perspective—evolutionary economic geography. Improving on the existing literature on fintech that conducts a relatively general analysis of the role of technology in fintech development, evolutionary economic geography offers a detailed analysis that zooms in on the specific kinds of technology that determine fintech development. Moreover, this article contributes to the literature on evolutionary economic geography by systematically examining the role of market demand in developing a new industry. Based on a unique data set from 2003 to 2019, this article provides a city‐level analysis of the fintech industry in China. The results show that the fintech industry tends to develop in cities that have accumulated technologies in the fields of finance, e‐commerce, data sciences, and security. Moreover, there is a positive relationship between the development of the fintech industry and the demand for fintech services. Finally, this paper sheds light on the role of a favorable regulatory environment in fintech development.
COVID‐19 in Latin America: The effects of an unprecedented crisis on employment and income
Authors: BECCARIA Luis , BERTRANOU Fabio , MAURIZIO Roxana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2020, Latin America was gripped by an unprecedented labour crisis brought on by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article analyses the pandemic's impact on employment and income dynamics, and the policies implemented by the countries in the region. Findings point to a severe contraction in employment, working hours and income in consequence of the sharp decline in economic activity. These impacts have fostered inequalities, and the pathway to recovery is widening employment and income gaps between different population groups.
Social partner participation in the management of the COVID‐19 crisis: Tripartite social dialogue in Italy, Portugal and Spain
Authors: CANALDA CRIADO Sergio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article analyses actual social dialogue experiences in Italy, Portugal and Spain in order to examine the social partners’ participation in COVID‐19 crisis management. It considers the economic and political variables that have helped revitalize tripartism in all three countries relative to the previous economic crisis. The lack of austerity policies and responsibility‐sharing on the part of the social partners and governments paved the way for various agreements that, though differing in content and scope, attest to stronger peak‐level tripartite dialogue.