bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of topiramate prescribed for any indication with reduced alcohol consumption in electronic health record data
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Leong Shirley H. , Naps Michelle , Hartwell Emily E. , Fiellin David A. , Rentsch Christopher T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTopiramate is a medication that is widely prescribed to treat a variety of conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). We used electronic health record (EHR) data to measure topiramate's effects on drinking in individuals differentiated by a history of AUD.DesignParallel‐groups comparison of patients prescribed topiramate and a propensity score‐matched comparison group.SettingA large US integrated health‐care system.ParticipantsPatients with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT‐C) scores prior to and after a minimum of 180 days of topiramate prescription for any indication and a propensity score‐matched group. The sample included 5918 patients with an electronic health record diagnosis of alcohol use disorder at any time (AUD‐hx‐pos) (1738 topiramate‐exposed and 4180 controls) and 23 614 patients with no EHR diagnosis of AUD (AUD‐hx‐neg) (6324 topiramate‐exposed and 17 290 controls).MeasurementsRegression analyses compared difference‐in‐difference (DiD) estimates, separately by AUD history. DiD estimates represent exposure‐group (i.e. topiramate versus control) differences on the pre–post difference in AUDIT‐C score. Effects of baseline AUDIT‐C score and daily topiramate dosage were also tested.FindingsAUD‐hx‐neg patients who received topiramate had a greater reduction in AUDIT‐C score (−0.11) than matched controls (−0.04). This yielded a DiD score of −0.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.11,‐0.03; P = 0.002], with the greatest effect among AUD‐hx‐neg patients with a baseline AUDIT‐C score of 4+ (DiD = −0.35, 95% CI = –0.49, −0.21; P < 0.0001) and those prescribed > 150 mg/day of the medication (DiD = −0.15, 95%CI = –0.23, −0.07; P < 0.001).DiscussionAmong individuals with no history of alcohol use disorder, topiramate appears to be associated with reduced drinking. This small effect is most evident among patients with higher baseline drinking levels and at a higher average daily topiramate dosage.
Familial associations in adolescent substance use disorder: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hamad Amani F. , Roos Leslie L. , Bolton James M. , Wall‐Wieler Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsFamily history of substance use disorder (SUD) affects a child's risk of the disorder through both genetic and shared environmental factors. We aimed to estimate the association between parental or older sibling SUD history with the risk of adolescent SUD diagnosis.Design, setting and participantsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study using administrative health‐care databases in the Province of Manitoba, Canada, which has a universal and publicly funded health‐care system. We included all children born from 1984 to 2000 who have linkages to both parents and were followed until age 18 years. We used generalized estimating equation models to produce unadjusted and adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates of adolescent SUD risk. The study cohort included 134 389 children and 31 307 full sibling pairs; 51.3% were male and 35.4% first‐born.MeasurementsThe exposure was SUD diagnosis in a mother or father in either hospitalization or outpatient physician visit records before the children's age of 13 years. The secondary exposure was an adolescent SUD diagnosis in an older full sibling. The outcome was SUD diagnosis during adolescence (13 and 18 years of age) identified in either hospitalization or physician visit records. Children demographics and characteristics associated with SUD diagnosis were included in the models.FindingsOf the 134 389 children, 9.5% had a mother with a history of SUD, 11.3% had a father and 1.3% had an older sibling with a history of SUD diagnosis; 2566 (1.9%) had an adolescent SUD diagnosis. An increased risk of adolescent SUD was observed with SUD history in mothers [adjusted RR (aRR) = 2.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.26, 2.79], fathers (aRR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.95, 2.37), both parents (aRR = 3.74; 95% CI = 3.24, 4.31) and older sibling (aRR = 3.85; 95% CI = 2.53, 5.87).ConclusionsA family history of substance use disorder in parents or older siblings appears to be associated with increased SUD risk in adolescents.
Peyronie's disease development and management in diabetic men
Authors: Gianazza Simone , Belladelli Federico , Leni Riccardo , Masci Federica , Rossi Piercarlo , Gianesini Giuseppe , Maggio Paolo , Zaffuto Emanuele , Salonia Andrea , Carcano Giulio , Dehò Federico , Capogrosso Paolo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeyronie's disease (PD) is a fibrosing disorder of the penis resulting in plaque formation and penile deformity that negatively affect sexual and psychosocial function of patients. A multifactorial etiology of PD is assumed with diabetes mellitus (DM) being a potential risk factor.ObjectivesThe aim of this narrative review was to investigate diabetes role in PD pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.Materials and methodsA non‐systematic narrative review of original articles, meta‐analyses, and randomized trials was conducted, including articles in the pre‐clinical setting to support relevant findings.ResultsDiabetes is one of the most common comorbidity observed in PD patients, with a prevalence of about 11% and a strong association with erectile dysfunction (ED). DM is associated with both a higher risk of developing PD and has also an impact on the outcomes of PD's treatments.DiscussionEvidence from literature underlines that metabolic alterations typical of DM are pivotal factors in the development of PD and resistance to its medical treatment.ConclusionThe role of DM in development of PD is still debated, while its role in PD development is not completely clear, there is a clear impact of DM on PD treatment outcomes.
Review article: novel biomarkers in hepatitis B infection
Authors: Lok James , Dusheiko Geoffrey , Carey Ivana , Agarwal Kosh 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis B remains a global health problem with an estimated 296 million people affected worldwide. Individuals are at risk of serious complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and accurately predicting these clinical endpoints has proven difficult. However, several viral biomarkers have recently been developed, including quantitative HBV surface antigen (qHBsAg), hepatitis B RNA (HBV RNA) and core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), and shown promise in a range of clinical settings.AimsTo critically appraise these novel biomarkers, exploring their potential uses, availability of assays and areas for future development.MethodsWe performed a literature search of PubMed, identifying articles published in the field of hepatitis B biomarkers between 2010 and 2022.ResultsNovel biomarkers such as HBcrAg, HBV RNA and qHBsAg may be useful in predicting treatment outcomes, stratifying the risk of future complications and estimating off‐treatment viral reactivation. Furthermore, HBV RNA and HBcrAg titres may accurately reflect cccDNA transcriptional activity, and this is particularly informative in the context of nucleoside analogue therapy. On a cautionary note, most studies have been performed in Caucasian or Asian populations, and methods for detecting HBV RNA lack standardisation.ConclusionNovel viral biomarkers have the potential to provide additional insights into the natural history of infection and allow a more bespoke, cost‐effective framework of care. However, access remains limited, and further efforts are needed to validate their use in ethnically diverse populations, confirm predictive cut‐off values, and establish their role in the era of novel antiviral therapies.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of gepotidacin administered as single or repeat ascending doses, in healthy adults and elderly subjects
Authors: Tiffany Courtney , Dumont Etienne F. , Hossain Mohammad , Srinivasan Meenakshi , Swift Brandon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGepotidacin, a novel, first‐in‐class triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA replication by a distinct mechanism of action. We report the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and tolerability of gepotidacin following single or multiple ascending doses. Studies 1 and 2 were randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials in healthy adults aged 18–60 years, who received single (study 1 [NCT02202187]; 100–3000 mg) or repeat (study 2 [NCT01706315]; 400 mg twice daily to 2000 mg thrice daily) ascending doses of gepotidacin. Study 3 (NCT02045849) was an open‐label, three‐part, study in healthy adults; here, we report on part 3, a two‐period, repeat‐dose, crossover study. Healthy elderly participants received repeat 1500 mg gepotidacin twice daily with or without a moderate‐fat meal. Primary end points were PKs (studies 1 and 2) and safety (studies 1 and 3 part 3). Gepotidacin PK parameters were comparable across all ages and were dose proportional. In all studies, gepotidacin was readily absorbed with median time to maximum concentration observed ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 h across all doses. Median apparent terminal phase half‐life was consistent across studies and doses (range: 5.97–19.2 h). Steady‐state was achieved following repeated dosing for 3–5 days; gepotidacin PK parameters were time invariant after repeated oral dosing. A moderate‐fat meal did not affect gepotidacin PK parameters. Gepotidacin was generally well‐tolerated, with no drug‐related serious adverse events reported. Collectively, these PK and safety data across a wide range of doses in healthy participants aged greater than or equal to 18 years support the development of gepotidacin in further clinical studies.
Polyploidization as an opportunistic mutation: The role of unreduced gametes formation and genetic drift in polyploid establishment
Authors: Clo Josselin , Padilla‐García Nélida , Kolář Filip 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is broadly assumed that polyploidy success reflects an increase in fitness associated with whole‐genome duplication (WGD), due to higher tolerance to stressful conditions. Nevertheless, WGD also arises with several costs in neo‐polyploid lineages, like genomic instability, or cellular mis‐management. In addition to these costs, neo‐polyploid individuals also face frequency dependent selection because of frequent low‐fitness triploids formed by cross‐ploidy pollinations when tetraploids are primarily rare in the population. Interestingly, the idea that polyploidy can be fixed by genetic drift as a neutral or deleterious mutation is currently underexplored in the literature. To test how and when polyploidy can fix in a population by chance, we built a theoretical model in which autopolyploidization occurs through the production of unreduced gametes, a trait modelled as a quantitative trait that is allowed to vary through time. We found that when tetraploid individuals are less or as fit as their diploid progenitors, fixation of polyploidy is only possible when genetic drift is stronger than natural selection. The necessity of drift for tetraploid fixation holds even when polyploidy confers a selective advantage, except for scenarios where tetraploids are much fitter than diploids. Finally, we found that self‐fertilization is less beneficial for tetraploid establishment than previously thought, notably when polyploids harbour an initial decrease in fitness. Our results bring a novel, non‐exclusive explanation for the unequal temporal and spatial distribution of polyploid species.
Comparative clinical study for the efficacy and safety of two different hyaluronic acid‐based fillers with Tri‐Hyal versus Vycross technology: A long‐term prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Braccini Frederic , Fanian Ferial , Garcia Philippe , Delmar Henry , Loreto Federico , Benadiba Laurent , Nadra Karim , Kestemont Philippe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid‐based fillers have an immediate volumizing effect for the treatment of dermal contour deformities and to smooth dermal depressions formed by the loss of volume. A previous study on 2016–2018 has shown the efficacy and safety of the HA‐based filler ART FILLER® Volume on the midface only, but not in a comparative manner.MethodsIn this context, an 18 months prospective randomized single‐blind study of the non‐inferiority of ART FILLER® Volume versus the reference product Juvéderm Voluma® was performed on the midface, temple, and jawline, and non‐comparative study on the chin. The efficacy and the longevity were evaluated for the selected face areas via dedicated clinical scoring systems after a single filler injection without any re‐touch or re‐injection. The short‐ and long‐term adverse effects were also recorded.ResultsThe observations confirmed the non‐inferiority of ART FILLER® Volume versus the reference product on the different injected areas. For both fillers, the beneficial effects on volumes restoration were maintained 18 months post‐injection; however, these effects were diminished among the time. Furthermore, injections of Art Filler® Volume were well tolerated by the subjects and showed less acute side effects compared with the reference product that may be explained by a lower induction of inflammation.
“You're biracial but…”: Multiracial socialization discourse among mommy bloggers with Black and non‐Black multiracial children
Authors: Reyna Chandra V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines thematic content and discourse surrounding multiracial socialization between Black and non‐Black multiracial families on multiracial mommy blogs.BackgroundMommy blogs have been recognized as a medium through which mothers challenge dominant representations of motherhood, create community with other mothers, and seek out advice. But little is known about how mothers write about and discuss race, racism, and multiracial socialization online. This study addresses this knowledge gap by analyzing how a niche of bloggers—mothers to multiracial children—construct narratives surrounding race, multiraciality, and multiracial socialization online and how their narratives differ by the racial makeup of the blogger's family.MethodUsing a MultiCrit framework, this study analyzes 13 mommy blogs written by mothers of color with multiracial children. Blogs were analyzed for thematic content related to race, racial identification, multiraciality, and multiracial socialization.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that mothers' orientations to multiracial socialization vary depending on whether the blogger has Black or non‐Black multiracial children. Bloggers who are mothers to Black multiracial children blogged frequently about their engagement insafety socialization, whereas mothers with non‐Black multiracial children did not.ConclusionThe stark difference between thematic content from bloggers with and without Black multiracial children highlights the differing experiences among Black and non‐Black multiracial people, for mothers of Black multiracial children, and the implications anti‐Black racism has on family processes.
Morphology of Peri‐Implant Tissues Around Permanent Prostheses With Various Emergence Angles Following Free Gingival Grafting
Authors: Lin I‐Ping , Chen Szu‐Han , Chang Chung‐Chieh , Chang Jenny Zwei‐Chieng , Sun Jui‐Sheng , Chang Chih‐Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the tissue morphology around implant‐supported prostheses by digital technology and to evaluate the effect of prosthetic contours on the changes in tissues following the free gingiva graft procedure.Material and methodsA total of 53 implants in 32 patients receiving free gingiva grafts were selected. These had previously presented insufficient keratinized mucosa width (KMW). At the follow‐up visits (mean: 16.66 ± 9.97 months), the implant position and tissue condition were documented with an oral scanner. Vertical soft tissue thickness (VT), measured from the implant‐abutment connection to the marginal tissues, and horizontal soft tissue thickness (HT), at the level of the platform, were calculated. The VT, HT, and emergence angle (EA) of prostheses were assessed by 3Shape analyzing software. The final KMW was measured by clinical assessment. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was calculated in the follow‐up bitewing radiographs.ResultsThe mean VT in the study was 2.65 ± 0.75 mm at the mid‐buccal sites, 3.74 ± 1.22 mm at the mesial, 3.16 ± 1.08 mm at the distal, and 2.53 ± 0.92 at the mid‐lingual aspects. The mid‐buccal HT was 1.45 ± 0.53 mm while the mid‐lingual was 1.05 ± 0.43 mm (p = 0.008). Interestingly, prostheses with mid‐buccal EA30° exhibited slightly lower VT, but higher HT, than the ones with EA30°. Prostheses with proximal EA > 30° displayed slightly more MBL, compared to prostheses with EA30°. The mean KMW was 4.08 ± 1.10 mm.ConclusionsFree gingival grafting is a predictable treatment approach to augmenting soft tissue 3‐dimensionally. Prostheses with EA30° were preferable for preserving the maximal VT and maintaining crestal bone stability.
Halotolerant native bacteria Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 alleviate saline stress in tomato plants
Authors: Pérez‐Rodriguez María Micaela , Pontin Mariela , Piccoli Patricia , Lobato Ureche Miguel Andrés , Gordillo María G. , Funes‐Pinter Iván , Cohen Ana Carmen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSalinity is one of the principal abiotic stresses that limit the growth and productivity of crops. The use of halotolerant plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that increase the growth of salt‐stressed crops is an environmentally friendly alternative to promote plant yield under salinity. The aim of this study was to test native PGPR, isolated according to their tolerance to NaCl, and to evaluate their influence on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits promoted by salt stress in tomato plants. Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 were selected as the most efficient strains in terms of salt tolerance. Both strains were classified as moderately resistant to salinity (NaCl) and maintained their plant growth‐promoting activities, such as nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, even in the presence of high levels of salt. The results of a greenhouse experiment demonstrated that PGPR inoculation increased root and shoot dry weight, stem diameter, plant height, and leaf area compared to control noninoculated plants under nonsaline stress conditions, reversing the effects of salinity. Inoculated plants showed increased tolerance to salt conditions by reducing electrolyte leakage (improved membrane stability) and lipid peroxidation and increasing chlorophyll quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the performance index. Also, inoculation increased the accumulation of proline and antioxidant nonenzymatic compounds, such as carotenes and total phenolic compounds. The catalase and peroxidase activities increased with salinity, but the effect was reversed by Enterobacter 64S1. In conclusion, Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 isolated from salt‐affected regions have the potential to alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress in tomato crops.
Numerical Simulation of Biogas Combustion by Using a Finite Volume Based-Multispecies Transport Model
Authors: Stéphane Kenfack Lontsi , Charles Chelem Mayigué , Paul Pountounynyi , Brice Obounou Akong Marcel , Sylvain Zekeng Serge 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we advocate the use of multispecies transport model coupled to global mechanisms instead of using detailed mechanisms, which are still not yet computational affordable for the majority of the research groups in Africa. The open-source sofware openFOAM® is used as the calculation platform. The obtained algorithm is validated by comparing its simulation results to the full Gas Research Institut (GRI)-3.0 mechanism-based simulations of Charest et al. (2014, “Numerical and Experimental Study of Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames Burning Simulated Biogas Fuels at Elevated Pressures,” Combust. Flame, 161, pp. 2678–2691) with quite satisfactory agreement for methane flames diluted with CO2. The new code is then used to investigate the axial flame temperature of locally produced biogases from pig slurry and cow dung respectively named BG L1, BG L2, BG B1, and BG B2. These biogases differ from each other in their composition. Methane proportion in the mixture ranges from 46% to 52%.
Effect of Polyurethane Stabilization and Coal Fouling on Drainage Behaviour of Railroad Ballast
Authors: Gundavaram Dinesh , Hussaini Syed Khaja Karimullah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Contamination of ballast not only adversely affects the track stability but also impedes the track drainage. While the use of polyurethane in ballast enhances the track stability due to polyurethane bond between the aggregates, but it may reduce the permeability of ballast. In this context, the drainage characteristics of the polyurethane-stabilized and unstabilized ballast under fresh and coal fouled conditions were assessed by using large-scale permeability apparatus. The test results highlighted that the hydraulic conductivity of ballast (k) decreased slightly from 43 mm/s to 37 mm/s upon polyurethane treatment. However, the coal fines have drastically decreased the value of k for both stabilized and unstabilized ballast. For unstabilized ballast, as the fouling content (Pf) is increased from 0 to 21.2%, the value of k reduced from 43 to 0.18 mm/s. The relative hydraulic conductivity ratio (kcb/kfb), computed as the fraction of hydraulic conductivity of clean ballast to that of fouled ballast was found to increase from 1 (one) to 29 and 239 as fouling content increased from 0 to 4.24% and 21.2%, respectively. Moreover, tortuosity (T) defined as the ratio of the actual flow path length to the length of porous sample increased from 1.59 in case of clean ballast to 1.98 due to fouling (Pf:21.2%). The corresponding values of T upon polyurethane stabilization increases to 1.64 and 2.08, respectively. In addition, a nonlinear empirical relationship was established between the k and T of ballast.
A Method for High Fidelity Simulations of Railway Virtual Coupling
Authors: Wu Qing , Ge Xiaohua , Cole Colin , Spiryagin Maksym 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Virtual coupling uses wireless communications between railway trains to significantly reduce headways. Current train dynamics simulation methods in this topic model a whole trainset as a single mass neglecting inter-vehicle actions (in-train forces) as well as nonlinearities in traction, braking, suspension, and wheel-rail contact. This paper presents a better simulation method for railway virtual coupling by using high fidelity models to consider the previously neglected factors. The simulated train platoon is coordinated by using a detailed train control algorithm to safely keep the designed headway. Train dynamics simulations are then solved by using a parallel computing technique in which the Vehicle System Dynamics (VSD) simulation of each individual vehicle is assigned to an independent computer core. All used computer cores communicate via the parallel computing technique to exchange information to proceed with the simulations collaboratively. This new simulation method allows a better validation of the virtual coupling control algorithm and detailed assessments of train safety and general performance.