bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Parameters of Artificial Intelligence Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to improve Prediction Performance of Load Forecasting System
Authors: Butt F M , Hussain L , Jafri S H M , Lone K J , Alajmi M , Abunadi I , Al-Wesabi F N , Hamza M A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Load Forecasting is an approach that is implemented to foresee the future load demand projected on some physical parameters such as loading on lines, temperature, losses, pressure, and weather conditions etc. This study is specifically aimed to optimize the parameters of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to improve the short-term load forecasting (STLF) and Medium-term load forecasting (MTLF) i.e. one day, one week, one month and three months. The models were tested based on the real-world case by conducting detailed experiments to validate their stability and practicality. The performance was measured in terms of squared error, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). We optimized the parameters using three different cases. In first case, we used single layer with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function. In the second case, we used double layer with ReLU – ReLU activation function. In the third case, we used double layer with ReLU – Sigmoid activation function. The number of neurons in each case were 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. To predict the one day ahead load forecasting, the lowest prediction error was yielded using double layer with ReLU – Sigmoid activation function. To predict ahead one-week load forecasting demands, the lowest error was obtained using single layer ReLU activation function. Likewise, to predict the one month ahead forecasting using double layer with ReLU – Sigmoid activation function. Moreover, to predict ahead three months forecasting using double layer ReLU – Sigmoid activation function produced lowest prediction error. The results reveal that by optimizing the parameters further improved the ahead prediction performance. The results also show that predicting nonstationary and nonlinear dynamics of ahead forecasting require more complex activation function and number of neurons. The results can be very useful in real-time implementation of this model to meet load demands and for further planning.
3-Dimensional Numerical Modelling to Assess Geothermal Piles Efficiency in Tropical Countries
Authors: Mustaffa Z , Kamarozaman N , Al-Qadami E H H , AlAtroush M E , El-Husseini Y 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, climate changes caused by intense and continuous greenhouse gases emission is one of the most curtail issues that facing the human beings. Throughout the years, researchers have tried to find other reliable sources available to control the exhaustion of coal, gases, and oil. Geothermal energy is one of these alternatives that have been investigated and considered as one of the most promising renewable and clean energy sources. Tropical climate countries such as Malaysia could benefit from this technology due to its high cooling demand throughout the year. Geothermal piles for instance, are one of the methods that can be used to extract geothermal energy by employing the piles as a heat transfer bodes. Therefore, this paper presents numerical simulations as an early attempt to realise the potential of adopting geothermal piles catered to Malaysia’s soil condition and pile standards for low-rise construction. A pipe with a U-tube shape wase simulated at three different inner diameters (14, 19, and 26) under two inlet dischargers (0.009 m3/s 0.050 m3/s). The U-tube was placed inside concrete square pile with dimensions of 1.5 m width, 1.5 m length and 10 m hight. The simulation was conducted under two soil conditions namely, (i) dry soil, and (ii) soil effected by groundwater. The performance of the geothermal pile was measured by the amount of temperature reduction in the pipe outlet after heat exchange has been done. The results obtained showed that geothermal piles with lower flow discharge (0.009 m3/s) operation produced more temperature reduction in the pipe outlet. Without the presence of groundwater, the 26 cm diameter recorded the highest temperature reduction, with pipe outlet temperature of 29.89 °C equivalent to a 1.0 % reduction. Similarly, with the groundwater effect, the same pipe diameter recorded the highest temperature reduction, with pipe outlet temperature of 28.43 °C equivalent to a 1.57 % reduction. Based on the numerical modelling results it can be said that combination of 26 cm pipe diameter, at 0.009 m3/s flow rate, and the advection effect of groundwater temperature has produced an optimum condition for the geothermal piles in cooling system.
Smart Bus Terminus: Sustainable Urban Public Transport Solution Through BIM and GIS Integrated Approach
Authors: Vigneshwaran S , Reddy Yeddula Bharath Simha , Sridharan Madhura , Preethi S , Krishna Chunchu Balarama 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Smart city / digital city is engaging in Big Data which will be utilized in monitoring and optimizing the urban systems to minimize resource consumption and maximize the quality of life. To implement the concept of “smart cities”, smart city components, design innovation and prototypes must be studied in detail which will be beneficial in understanding the features. India is moving towards becoming one of the developed nations, the source of revenue is highly dependent on public contributions, especially through the transportation sector. The population of India is majorly comprised of the middle-class income category. Their livelihood mainly depends on the regional level jobs and for commute, they prefer public transportation especially Buses. For lodging these buses that are huge in number, Bus Terminus become an integral infrastructure component. In Indian cities, the existing bus terminus appears to be poorly designed and highly congested irrespective of their sizes. Interventions of modern methodologies to improve the conditions in the existing bus terminus in various Indian cities and reconstructing them is of utmost priority for urban planners and policymakers to reach sustainable cities. The objective of adopting smart innovative solutions in Bus Terminus is to reduce pollution, congestion of traffic, improve safety, time optimization and cost reduction. Modern bus terminus must accommodate some key features such as green buildings and utilization of eco-friendly materials for construction, incorporating real-time response, installing solar panels for energy efficiency and power generation, waste segregation and recycling, the hybrid modal form of transport i.e., both traditional and electric vehicles, etc. In the present study, the attempt has been made to develop an artistic view of a “Smart Bus Terminus” prototype that can be adopted at regional and global levels. Autodesk REVIT Architecture and AutoCAD have been used to design and create 3D models; Geographical Information System tools have been adopted for the recommendation of site selection.
Management of Conflicts with Infrastructure Assets during Projects Execution
Authors: Aloshan Abdulaziz , Alharbi Ahmed , Aljadhai Saad , Mahmoud Abdulrahman Bin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The construction industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in Saudi Arabia, and it is considered one of the largest construction industries in the Middle East. This sector has grown in terms of the number of projects and the large allocated budgets within the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. In many cases, new infrastructure projects face conflicts with the existing infrastructure assets that are in proximity of the new project’s alignment. The poor management of resolving utility conflicts with the execution of infrastructure projects is one of the main issues leading to cost and time overruns and/or significant design changes during execution. Solving this problem through good management of the coordination for co-located infrastructure assets during the project execution will enhance the economic sustainability of infrastructure projects by saving time and money and avoiding unnecessary redesign and rework. To better understand the status quo, the process of managing existing utilities during the execution of infrastructure projects is analyzed in this study by reviewing published regulations and interviewing construction practitioners with prior experience in the issue. In addition, the identified issues in the current practices and the effectiveness of suggested strategies for enhancing the management of existing utilities are assessed using a survey involving experienced practitioners from multiple project stakeholders (owners, consultants, and contractors). Finally, this study introduces recommendations and best practices for managing conflicts with existing assets to execute future infrastructure projects.
Integrated and coherent urban planning based on regional development strategies
Authors: Paraschiv R , Rauf K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Any modern urban community has to overview the development strategy regarding the future development. The lack of such a vision may lead to missed development opportunities, resources which are irrationally consumed, urban chaotic development. The study has been conducted with the focus on the city of Cluj, Romania but the findings are very much applicable to developing city like Riyadh. A harmonious urban development can be achieved only through an integrated approach of all the factors that influence the dynamics of the urban life: economic, environmental, social, cultural etc. This type of approach is crucial in urban design considering the problems facing cities nowadays regarding demographic variations, various economic fluctuations, lack of jobs, climate changes. According to the design regulations, sustainable planning should be based on four principles: global, functional, prospective and democratic. Urban design at regional level means practically a close collaboration at the level of sectorial policies between all municipalities in order to function as a whole. The paper discusses the urban development strategies of the Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area (sectorial strategies, strategic directions, operational programs). The project focuses on the main development problems that have arisen in Cluj-Napoca in the past decades, trying to find solutions in order to improve the quality of life; such as different infrastructure projects, redesign of urban spaces, refurbishing old building situated in historical centre etc. One of the main focuses of the paper regards is the expansion of public transportation, special attention being paid to the persons with disabilities and elderly; development of reliable and sustainable infrastructure at regional level, urban, periurban and rural areas in order to support economic development of Cluj-Napoca city. Another focus of the paper discusses the design and renovation of green spaces around the city. The research aims to be a guideline offering valuable suggestions for further urban development guides in terms of sustainable design for cities that are rapidly developing. Furthermore, it is of great relevance for the Saudi Vision 2030 regarding the sustainable cities and communities, building resilient and sustainable infrastructure in order to support economic growth, focusing on retrofitting industry and increasing resource-use efficiency.
Using flood map analysis for coastal city resiliency and sea rise level adaptation plan.
Authors: Abdelgawad D , Dwidar S , Abdelsattar A , Sirror H , Derbali A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The sea-level rise SRL as a problem exacerbated by climate change, is the biggest disaster for coastal cities, especially for the low elevation areas, which will have a calamitous influence on, infrastructure systems destruction and the economy as well. The predicated SRL- is changeable every day, therefore exposures studies are essential to prepare the database for achieving the coastal cities’ resiliency, mapping the predicate vulnerability level, indicating all challenges related to the climate changes and sea rise level, and identifying plans for adaptation measures in the context of infrastructure systems. The purpose of the research is to focus on using a “Flood Map “and remote sensing on “Alexandria city – Egypt “which has high economic value. The study is based on making maps overlapping (topographical map, land use, and expected SRL in 2100) to measure and provide precise data for the prone zone and safe zone for city extension, by specifying many scenarios and plans that can achieve future city resilience by creating an end-map user.to address the right direction of city expansion. Finally, the study has shown that a flood map is very helpful and it could be used aligned with a full existence and clarity of all-natural and built environment information.
Smart City Public Transport Remodel Urban Biodiversity Management
Authors: Alshammari Talal Obaid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study seeks to analyse peer reviewed literature focusing on sustainable smart cities and smart transport concepts, and their influence on urban biodiversity. This paper extensively searched databases frequently used by researchers, limiting to articles published between 2016 and 2021, focusing on sustainable smart cities, smart mobility, and urban biodiversity. This study adopts a qualitative methodology and uses systematic review of the literature to explore smart city concepts aimed at conserving biodiversity and positively contributing to urban biodiversity management. A key reason why smart public transport concepts and smart cities have been unable to fully materialize, especially in developing countries, is the obscured definition of these concepts by various studies. This paper’s findings will help urban managers understand smart concept trends that help to conserve urban biodiversity, and this information can be used for practical implementation in smart citiesThe first section in your paper
Pre-planning Coordination for Co-located Infrastructure Projects in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Swailem Yazeed , Al-Dossary Sultan , Aljadhai Saad , Mahmoud Abdulrahman Bin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Infrastructure projects are essential for the prosperity of all societies. In many cases, infrastructure assets of different types, both above ground and underground, share the same corridor such as the right of way for roads. Typically, these infrastructure assets are owned and managed by different public and private entities. Failure, delay, or increase in the cost of these projects is clearly reflected with negative impact on society and the economy. Sources of these project deficiencies include poor planning, poor coordination, and weak communication between the concerned entities regarding their ongoing and future plans for their infrastructure assets in a specific corridor. The problem of poor coordination leads to the stumbling of many projects leading to project suspension, cancellation, restudy, and/or redesign. This paper focuses on the pre-planning coordination among the owners of co-located infrastructure assets in Saudi Arabia. Two aspects of the problem are the lack of coordination regarding future projects between parties that has the same interest in a given location and the lack of coordination between those parties regarding existing assets. The objectives of this paper include assessing the current practice in pre-coordination for co-located infrastructure assets and providing recommendations that contribute to improving the coordination among infrastructure owners in their planning process for their infrastructure assets. These objectives are achieved using surveys of owners and contractors of infrastructure projects to validate the identified effects of the poor communication during pre-planning stages and to identify the factors contributing to this problem. In addition, the study involves reviewing case studies in Saudi Arabia, case studies of global success stories, and interviewing experts to identify which lessens are considered fit to Saudi Arabia. The outcome of this research is to provide recommendations/solutions that may contribute to solving the mentioned problems. The importance and the effectiveness of these solutions are discussed to assist decision makers in selecting the best approach to tackle the current issue and maintain the sustainability in the current practices.
The Green Areas in the city and sustainable Approach: Analytical Study of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s tree-planting Program
Authors: Metwally Walaa , Ibrahim Vitta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sustainable planning has become a major topic for designers, which includes open areas and green spaces’ designs. These green designs have evolved from traditional approaches to green architecture theory and practice vision that people want to use and respect. Since 1990, the percentage of Saudi Arabia's land area covered by plantations has stayed constant at around 0.5 percent. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman wants to change the country's economy and society by planting 10 billion trees through a tree-planting programme, in order to boost environmental awareness, assist Saudi society reconnect with nature, and create jobs in rural areas. This project will rise the area covered by existing trees by a factor of twelve and reduce carbon emissions by more than half (4 percent). This paper aims to Improve the natural and built environment by Focusing on the sustainable approach that can use to upgrade the environmental quality of the city and using successful green areas designs that make more attractive cities and providing more environmental services, in addition to ensure that the green spaces are created to reflect the values and pattern of people’s life that will use them. To achieve these goals, the research depends on analytical application methodology. The study reveals the green areas in the cities and their benefits, and suggest sustainable approach for successful green spaces towards better quality of life which can be a guide for designers involved the process of sustainable growth, the research adopts Saudi Arabia case study interests in reducing its carbon footprint and placing the country against global warming.
Behaviour of sustainable concretes modified with mineral admixtures and Nano-silica against aggressive media attacks
Authors: Ahmad Seleem S E , Elshami Ahmed , Fawzy Amal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The goal of this study is to see how the effect of recycled concrete aggregate admixed with mineral admixtures and Nano-silica on concrete's durability after being exposed to aggressive media attacks. The coarse aggregates applied in the concrete were dolomite (control) and recycled concrete aggregate with the addition of various mineral admixtures such as ground granulated blast slag (GGBFS), granite, and Nano-silica. To lower the water/cement ratio, a superplasticizer (SP)-type (F) was used. The physical and mechanical properties of commonly used raw materials such as aggregates and other various concrete kinds were investigated. The effects of saltwater and 3% sodium chloride on concrete mechanical and microstructures properties were investigated. The slump values of dolomite concrete were found to be lower than those of recycled aggregate concrete. The concrete mix using recyclable aggregate has the highest compressive strength, according to the results. In terms of compressive strength, the addition of 1% NS (Nano-silica) and 15% slag increased both mechanical and durability properties of the recycled aggregate concrete in aggressive media.
Evaluation of using building information modelling in green building in Saudi Arabia construction contracts
Authors: Alqahtani F K , Alabduljabbar A , Alsaqer T , Abotaleb I S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) enables, faster development, real-time monitoring of project performance, clash detection, knowledge management, more effective and efficient operation and maintenance, and provide more reliable and timely exchange of information to support the decision-making process. Despite the worldwide adoption of BIM, its implementation is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not mature, especially when it comes to green buildings. The goal of this research is to investigate the use of BIM in green buildings in KSA and provide insights on the factors that need to be considered for optimal attainment of BIM outcomes. First, BIM implementation is analyzed in international contracts such as FIDIC and NEC4. Second, the local implementation of BIM in KSA is investigated through analysing the public works contract and the contract of case study of a mega project. Finally, a survey was conducted to identify and rate the (1) obstacles, and (2) benefits of BIM implementation in green building in KSA. Among the significant results was the fact that the strongest barrier to BIM implementation is the lack of support from the management to accept changing the current practices, and the weakest barrier is actually the costs of BIM implementation. The findings shed the light on significant aspects (such as increasing awareness about BIM and fostering flexibility in managers) that will enable successful implementation of BIM in green buildings in KSA; which in turn will result in cost and schedule savings.