bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia as an Emerging Adverse Event Associated with COVID-19/SARS-CoV2 Vaccination
Authors: Welker James A. , Crowe Andrew , Hassan Waleed 
Published: November 2022

This review includes data supporting thrombocytopenia as an emerging adverse event associated with SARS-CoV2 vaccination, analyzes the published case reports supporting an association with acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (aTTP), reviews the association of Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) and Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP), analyzes data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database, provides guidance for clinicians caring for patients desiring vaccination but at potential risk of COVID-19 vaccination associated thrombocytopenia, and provides guidance for patients with a history of thrombocytopenia to better enable an informed decision regarding the choice of vaccination. Although the incidence of thrombocytopenia is sufficiently low to allow the continued use of SARS-CoV2 vaccines in patients with a history of thrombocytopenia, caution is advised. The burden of disease in reported patients was significant with death in 8.99% of patients developing thrombocytopenia after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and 15.4% having a life-threatening event. The burden on the healthcare system includes 30.6% of reported patients developing thrombocytopenia after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine requiring an ED visit, 26.5% requiring an office visit, and 49.5% requiring hospitalization. Hospitalizations were significant with a median stay of 7.21 days. Patients desiring vaccination should be screened for prior thrombocytopenia and counseled on the risks/benefits of vaccination that are unique to their medical history. Patients with a history of thrombocytopenia may choose to receive vaccination but should be monitored for the development of thrombocytopenia during 0-90 days and possibly as long as nine months following their last dose of vaccination.
Mortality Among Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Sweden From 1988 to 2017
Authors: Björk-Eriksson Thomas , Boström Martina , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Jarfelt Marianne , Kalm Marie , Olsson Daniel S. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes 20% to 30% of all pediatric cancers. The 5-year overall survival among pediatric patients with ALL in high-income countries such as Sweden is currently more than 90%, but long-term unselected nationwide mortality data and mortality data in relation to the general population are lacking.ObjectiveTo compare mortality between pediatric patients with ALL and the general population during a 30-year period in Sweden and to assess the incidence of ALL in Sweden.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included pediatric patients (aged &amp;lt;18 years) with a morphologically verified ALL diagnosis in the Swedish Cancer Register and/or at least 2 ALL diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 2017. Data were cross-linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Data were analyzed from May 2019 to January 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were mortality among patients with ALL compared with that in the general population and mortality in different subgroups within the cohort. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using the general Swedish population as a reference. Within-cohort survival analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 2397 patients (1354 [56%] male; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 6.1 [4.7] years) were included in the study. The mean (SD) incidence of pediatric ALL during the study period was 4.11 (0.60) cases per 100 000 persons per year (females, 3.68 [0.65] cases per 100 000 persons per year; males, 4.52 [0.81] cases per 100 000 persons per year; P &amp;lt; .001). The observed number of deaths among pediatric patients with ALL was 409 vs the 9.5 deaths expected in the general population, resulting in an overall SMR of 43.1 (95% CI, 39.0-47.5); females had a higher SMR than males (57.8 [95% CI, 49.5-67.2] vs 34.5 [95% CI, 32.0-41.4]; P &amp;lt; .001). Analysis within the cohort showed a continued decrease in survival throughout the 30-year follow-up. The association between calendar year of ALL diagnosis, corresponding with different ALL treatment protocols, and mortality showed the lowest survival for the 1988-1991 group and the highest for the 2008-2017 group (χ2 = 20.3; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, a consistently high SMR was seen among pediatric patients with ALL. Within the ALL cohort, survival evolved to a similar extent as in the young general population of Sweden. Furthermore, survival among patients with ALL decreased throughout the whole follow-up period without any trend difference after the 5-year follow-up time point. The changes in ALL treatment protocols were associated with overall improved absolute survival over time.
Association of Body Mass Index With 21-Gene Recurrence Score Among Women With Estrogen Receptor–Positive, ERBB2–Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Janghee , Kim Hakyoung , Bae Soong June , Ji Jung Hwan , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei Hyun , Jeong Joon , Lee Sae Byul , Ahn Sung Gwe 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceBody mass index (BMI) may affect the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in patients with ER-positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer. If high BMI increases genomic risk in ER-positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer, weight control will become more important.ObjectiveTo assess the association between RS and BMI according to age groups and address BMI as a factor associated with high RS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included 2295 patients with ER-positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer who had undergone a multigene assay between March 29, 2010, and December 31, 2020, in 2 hospitals. All of the study patients were Korean women, and the median follow-up period was 45 months (range, 1-40 months). The correlations between continuous RS and BMI were investigated. A high BMI was defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 25. In the younger age group (age ≤45 years), a high RS was defined as an RS of greater than 20.ExposuresBody mass index.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe Pearson correlation coefficient was used to estimate the association between RS and BMI. A multivariable binary logistic model was used to identify high RS.ResultsAmong the 2295 women included (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [4.00] years; range, 22-81 years), 776 were aged 45 years or younger; RS and BMI were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient, 0.119; P &amp;lt; .001) in this younger group. Among them, the proportion of patients with an RS greater than 20 was significantly higher in the high BMI group than in the normal BMI group (45.5% [46 of 101] vs 27.3% [184 of 675]; P &amp;lt; .001). In the multivariable analysis, high BMI was an associated factor for high RS (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.28-3.32; P = .003). The 21-gene multigene assay-guided chemotherapy rate was significantly higher in patients with high BMI (30.7% [31 of 101] vs 20.2% [136 of 674]; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of women aged 45 years or younger, high BMI was associated with higher RS in those with ER-positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer; further studies are necessary to examine the underlying mechanisms.
Long-term Outcomes in Use of Opioids, Nonpharmacologic Pain Interventions, and Total Costs of Spinal Cord Stimulators Compared With Conventional Medical Therapy for Chronic Pain
Authors: Dhruva Sanket S. , Murillo Jaime , Ameli Omid , Morin Pamela E. , Spencer Donna L. , Redberg Rita F. , Cohen Ken 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceSpinal cord stimulators (SCSs) are increasingly used for the treatment of chronic pain. There is a need for studies with long-term follow-up.ObjectiveTo determine the comparative effectiveness and costs of SCSs compared with conventional medical management (CMM) in a large cohort of patients with chronic pain.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a 1:5 propensity-matched retrospective comparative effectiveness research analysis of insured individuals from April 1, 2016, to August 31, 2018. This study used administrative claims data, including longitudinal medical and pharmacy claims, from US commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees 18 years or older in Optum Labs Data Warehouse. Patients with incident diagnosis codes for failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, chronic pain syndrome, and other chronic postsurgical back and extremity pain were included in this study. Data were analyzed from February 1, 2021, to August 31, 2022.ExposuresSCSs or CMM.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurrogate measures for primary chronic pain treatment modalities, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain interventions (epidural and facet corticosteroid injections, radiofrequency ablation, and spine surgery), as well as total costs.ResultsIn the propensity-matched population of 7560 patients, mean (SD) age was 63.5 (12.5) years, 3080 (40.7%) were male, and 4480 (59.3%) were female. Among matched patients, during the first 12 months, patients treated with SCSs had higher odds of chronic opioid use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29) compared with patients treated with CMM but lower odds of epidural and facet corticosteroid injections (aOR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.39-0.51), radiofrequency ablation (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44-0.72), and spine surgery (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.61-0.85). During months 13 to 24, there was no significant difference in chronic opioid use (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94-1.20), epidural and facet corticosteroid injections (aOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.87-1.14), radiofrequency ablation (aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66-1.09), or spine surgery (aOR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.75-1.09) with SCS use compared with CMM. Overall, 226 of 1260 patients (17.9%) treated with SCS experienced SCS-related complications within 2 years, and 279 of 1260 patients (22.1%) had device revisions and/or removals, which were not always for complications. Total costs of care in the first year were $39 000 higher with SCS than CMM and similar between SCS and CMM in the second year.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large, real-world, comparative effectiveness research study comparing SCS and CMM for chronic pain, SCS placement was not associated with a reduction in opioid use or nonpharmacologic pain interventions at 2 years. SCS was associated with higher costs, and SCS-related complications were common.
Mapping literature reviews on coral health: Protocol for a review map, critical appraisal and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Burke Samantha , Pottier Patrice , Macartney Erin L. , Drobniak Szymon M. , Lagisz Malgorzata , Ainsworth Tracy , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The health of coral reef ecosystems is declining. As research examining this decline has grown, review articles (secondary literature) have emerged. Secondary literature can include narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and bibliometric analyses. Synthesizing secondary literature can influence research directions, as syntheses visualize both the current state of knowledge and trends in research. Therefore, we propose to use the combination of bibliometric mapping and systematic mapping techniques to synthesize the secondary literature on coral health and coral reef decline.
We will examine secondary literature on coral health published in peer‐reviewed journals and indexed in Scopus or Web of Science databases. After screening the title, abstract, and keywords of each paper, we will extract information that encompasses the type and purpose of the review, the identified factors affecting coral health, and the health‐related outcomes on coral reefs. We will also conduct a critical appraisal using the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Synthesis Assessment Tool (CEESAT) criteria for papers that are self‐reported to be systematic reviews. We will also extract bibliometric data to identify author affiliations, collaboration networks, and journals. We will communicate our results from systematic and bibliometric mapping using visualizations and tabulations.
Our systematic map aims to reveal gaps and clusters of topics in review articles on coral health. These findings can guide future research into coral health in both primary and secondary literature. Our critical appraisal will evaluate the robustness of systematic reviews, informing researchers on how to identify and conduct high‐quality reviews. Our bibliometric map will uncover the extent and connectivity of researchers synthesizing evidence on coral health, highlighting the diversity (or lack thereof) of those engaging in coral health research.
Au@NiSx Yolk@Shell Nanostructures as Dual‐Functional Electrocatalysts for Concomitant Production of Value‐Added Tartronic Acid and Hydrogen Fuel
Authors: Vo Truong‐Giang , Tran Giang‐Son , Chiang Chao‐Lung , Lin Yan‐Gu , Chang Huai‐En , Kuo Hsuan‐Hung , Chiang Chia‐Ying , Hsu Yung‐Jung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEfficient glycerol electrooxidation reaction (GEOR) over gold@nickel sulfide (Au@NiSx) yolk@shell nanostructures is demonstrated, achieving ≈50.4% glycerol conversion at 10 h, 92.6% selectivity toward three‐carbon products, and 90.7% total Faradaic efficiency. By regulating the electrode potential, tartronic acid (TART), one of the highest value‐added intermediates, can be produced with a selectivity as high as 43.1% and a yield of 45.6 µmol cm−2 h−1. A combination of ex situ microstructural analysis, operando Raman, and operando X‐ray absorption measurements reveals a dynamic surface reconstruction course from Au@NiSx to Au@NiSx/NiOOH during the glycerol oxidation process. The unique reconstructed architectures featuring conductive interior NiSx components and active surface high‐valence Ni3+ species account for the superior GEOR performance. Further integration of GEOR with hydrogen evolution reaction is realized by employing Au@NiSx as both anode and cathode electrocatalysts in a two‐electrode configuration. Concomitantly production of TART and hydrogen fuel is accomplished. This study demonstrates that Au@NiSx not only can convert glycerol to TART with remarkable efficiency and selectivity, but also can produce hydrogen at a moderate level. The findings from this study can facilitate the development of dual‐functional electrocatalysts capable of producing high‐value products at both the cathode and anode sides.
Surface Regulation through Dipolar Molecule Boosting the Efficiency of Mixed 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cell to 24%
Authors: Yue Xiaopeng , Zhao Xing , Fan Bingbing , Yang Yingying , Yan Luyao , Qu Shujie , Huang Hao , Zhang Qiang , Yan Huilin , Cui Peng , Ji Jun , Ma Junfeng , Li Meicheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMixed 2D/3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show promising performances in efficiency and long‐term stability. The functional groups terminated on a large organic molecule used to construct 2D capping layer play a key role in the chemical interaction mechanism and thus influence the device performance. In this study, 4‐(trifluoromethyl) benzamidine hydrochloride (TFPhFACl) is adopted to construct 2D capping layer atop 3D perovskite. It is found that there are two mechanisms synergistically contributing to the increase of efficiency: 1) The TFPhFA+ cations form a dipole layer promoting the interfacial charge transport. 2) The suppressed nonradiative recombination of perovskite through the coordination of TFPhFA+ cations with Pb–I octahedron, as well as the recrystallization of 3D perovskite induced by Cl‐ ions. As a result, the PSC delivers an efficiency of 24.0% with improved open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.16 V, short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 25.42 mA cm‐2, and fill factor of 81.26%. The device shows no decrease in efficiency after 1500 h stored in the air indicating the good stability. The utilization of TFPhFACl not only provides a facile way to optimize the interfacial problems, but also gives a new perspective for rational design of large spacer molecule for constructing efficient 2D/3D PSCs.
Anisotropic Strain‐Mediated Symmetry Engineering and Enhancement of Ferroelectricity in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Kai , Jin Feng , Zhang Xingchang , Liu Kuan , Zhang Zixun , Hua Enda , Zhang Jinfeng , Ye Huan , Gao Guanyin , Ma Chao , Wang Lingfei , Wu Wenbin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHafnium‐based binary oxides have attracted considerable attention due to their robust ferroelectricity at the nanoscale and compatibility with silicon‐based electronic technologies. To further promote the potential of Hafnium oxides for practical device applications, it is essential to effectively harness the interplay between structural symmetry, domain configuration, and ferroelectricity. Here, using Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (HZO/LSMO) heterostructures as a model system, the anisotropic strain‐mediated symmetry engineering and ferroelectricity enhancement are systematically investigated. By growing the heterostructures on (110)‐oriented perovskite substrates, considerable anisotropic strain is imposed on the LSMO bottom electrodes. Such an anisotropically‐strained LSMO layer acts as a structural template and effectively tune the structural symmetry, polar/non‐polar phase ratio, and ferroelectricity of the HZO top layer. Specifically, the anisotropic tensile strain stabilizes the ferroelectric rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases, thus enhancing the remnant polarization (Pr) up to 22 µC cm−2. In contrast, the anisotropic compressive strain facilitates the formation of non‐ferroelectric tetragonal phases, leading to a suppressed Pr down to 8 µC cm−2. These findings provide a guideline for understanding and modulating the intrinsic structure‐ferroelectricity relationship of HZO through anisotropic strain‐mediated symmetry engineering, which may shed light on the development of hafnium‐oxide‐based electronic devices.
Tailoring Antibonding‐Orbital Occupancy State of Selenium in Se‐Enriched ReSe2+x Cocatalyst for Exceptional H2 Evolution of TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Gao Duoduo , Long Haoyu , Wang Xuefei , Yu Jiaguo , Yu Huogen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectron density regulation of active sites can realize an optimal hydrogen‐binding strength, whereas the underlying regulation mechanism is still indistinct. Herein, a new concept of antibonding‐orbital occupancy state is first proposed to unveil the fundamental influence mechanism of electron density on the SeHads bond strength for achieving first‐rank adsorption energy toward atomic hydrogen by constructing Se‐enriched surrounding to form electron‐deficient Se(2‐δ)‐ active sites in ReSe2+x nanodots. To this end, the Se‐rich ReSe2+x nanodots (0.3–1 nm) can be dexterously fabricated onto the TiO2 to prepare Se‐rich ReSe2+x/TiO2 by an ingenious one‐step photosynthesis route. In a surprise, a large number of visual H2 bubbles are continuously produced on the resultant ReSe2+x/TiO2(0.7 wt.%) with an ultrahigh rate of 12 490.4 µmol h−1 g−1 and an apparent quantum efficiency of 60.0%, which is 5.0 times higher than that of traditional ReSe2/TiO2, even comparable with benchmark Pt/TiO2(0.7 wt.%). In situ/ex situ XPS characterizations coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate that a Se‐enriched environment can induce the formation of electron‐deficient Se(2‐δ)− and then reduce its antibonding‐orbital occupancy state, thus increasing the stability of H 1s‐p antibonding and accordingly reinforcing the SeHads bonds. This holistic study identifies the dominant role of antibonding‐orbital occupancy states in the optimization of hydrogen‐binding energy.
A Semi‐Liquid Electrode toward Stable Zn Powder Anode
Authors: Liu Qun , Yu Zhenlu , Zhou Rui , Zhang Biao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractZn powder anode possesses great versatility compared to the Zn foil counterpart, but the rough surface with a high surface area aggravates the corrosion and dendrite growth. Herein, a dendrite‐free and anti‐corrosive semi‐liquid Zn anode (SLA) is successfully fabricated based on Zn powder and a thickening agent. Benefiting from the rheological property, the unique anode effectively releases the stress induced by Zn plating, especially under high‐current densities. Meanwhile, the dual‐conductive medium, i.e., ionic and electronic, homogenizes the ion flux and allows the stripping/plating to occur within the entire anode. In a symmetric cell, the SLA anode exhibits stable electrochemical behavior with a prolonged lifespan at the current density of 5 mA cm−2/10 mA cm−2under the capacity of 5 mAh cm−2/10 mAh cm−2. Improved durability of more than 5000 cycles is endowed when assembling an SLA anode with a vanadium‐based cathode. This study provides an electrode rheology‐based approach to overcome the stability challenge of powder anode for scale‐up manufacturing.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Ultrasensitive Digital Imaging Immunoassay for the Quantification of microRNAs Assisted by Convolutional Neural Network Analysis
Authors: Long Zhongwen , Shen Xinyu , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Hui , Zhou Qianwei , Yang Cheng , Liang Yuzhang , Xu Ting 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDigital imaging immunoassays for precisely detecting microRNAs have attracted much attention in early cancer diagnosis. Currently, there is an urgent demand for improving the sensitivity and selectivity in digital immunoassays, which is limited by low imaging signal‐to‐noise ratio and pollutant interference. Herein, a plasmon‐enhanced ultrasensitive and selective digital‐readout imaging immunoassay is reported for microRNA quantification. Through DNA hybridization technology, Au nanoparticles are bound to target microRNAs and selectively placed onto an Au film coated slide, locally forming plasmonic nanocavities that dramatically enhance the scattering imaging signal of nanoparticles in dark‐field microscopy. Additionally, a convolutional neural network algorithm not only automatically recognizes and counts the image spots of the nanoparticles, but also excludes the counting errors inevitably induced by environmental pollutants or other noises. Ultimately, a quantitative determination of the microRNA‐375 cancer biomarker is demonstrated with a dynamic range that spans across 4 orders of magnitude (from 1 fm to 10 pm) with a low limit of detection (1.29 fm). This plasmon‐enhanced digital imaging immunoassay is a promising analytical tool toward point‐of‐care testing for various disease biomarkers at very low concentrations.
17.87% Efficiency All‐Polymer Tandem Solar Cell Enabled by Complementary Absorbing Polymer Acceptors
Authors: Ma Qing , Jia Zhenrong , Meng Lei , Yang Hang , Zhang Jinyuan , Lai Wenbin , Guo Jing , Jiang Xin , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) possess distinguished advantages of excellent morphology stability, thermal stability, and mechanical flexibility. Tandem solar cells, by stacking two sub‐cells, can absorb more photons in a wider wavelength range and can reduce thermal losses. However, limitation of polymer acceptors with suitable bandgaps hinders the development of tandem all‐PSCs. Herein, highly efficient tandem all‐PSCs are fabricated by employing two polymerized small molecular acceptors (PSMAs) of wide bandgap PIDT (1.66 eV) in the front cell and narrow bandgap PY‐IT (1.4 eV) in the rear cell. The two sub‐cells with the polymer donors of PM7 in front cell and PM6 in rear cell show high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.10 V for the front cell and 0.94 V for the rear cell. By rational device optimizations, the best power conversion efficiency of 17.87% is achieved for the tandem all‐PSCs with high Voc of 2.00 V. 17.87% is one of the highest efficiency for the all‐PSCs, and 2.00 V is one of the highest Voc for all the tandem organic solar cells. Moreover, the tandem all‐PSCs show excellent thermal and light‐soaking stability compared with their small‐molecule counterparts. The results provide insight to the potential of bandgap tuning in PSMAs, and indicate that the tandem architecture is an effective strategy to boost performance of the all‐PSCs.