bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caught in the act—Visualizing ribonucleases during eukaryotic ribosome assembly
Authors: Schneider Claudia , Bohnsack Katherine E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRibosomes are essential macromolecular machines responsible for translating the genetic information encoded in mRNAs into proteins. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNAs and proteins (rRNAs and RPs) and the rRNAs fulfill both catalytic and architectural functions. Excision of the mature eukaryotic rRNAs from their precursor transcript is achieved through a complex series of endoribonucleolytic cleavages and exoribonucleolytic processing steps that are precisely coordinated with other aspects of ribosome assembly. Many ribonucleases involved in pre‐rRNA processing have been identified and pre‐rRNA processing pathways are relatively well defined. However, momentous advances in cryo‐electron microscopy have recently enabled structural snapshots of various pre‐ribosomal particles from budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human cells to be captured and, excitingly, these structures not only allow pre‐rRNAs to be observed before and after cleavage events, but also enable ribonucleases to be visualized on their target RNAs. These structural views of pre‐rRNA processing in action allow a new layer of understanding of rRNA maturation and how it is coordinated with other aspects of ribosome assembly. They illuminate mechanisms of target recognition by the diverse ribonucleases involved and reveal how the cleavage/processing activities of these enzymes are regulated. In this review, we discuss the new insights into pre‐rRNA processing gained by structural analyses and the growing understanding of the mechanisms of ribonuclease regulation.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis
RNA Processing > rRNA Processing
Social Science Foundations of Public Policy
Authors: Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa , Akanle Olayinka , Busari Dauda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents and discusses the social science basis of public policy. It briefly presents the history, epistemological thoughts (theories) and science of public policy, disciplinary paradigms and influences on public policy and cross-disciplinary dimensions in social science-oriented public policy.
Contemporary Issues in Public Policy
Authors: Akanle Olayinka , Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter begins by examining the debates around policy paradigms in the study of the changing context of public policy making and policy change. It recognizes that policy ideas are embedded in policy paradigms and that these paradigms form the basis for framing, articulating and implementing public policy. It examines such concepts as pluralism, internationalization and globalization, and polycentricism in the study of public policy. Furthermore, it examines the changing focus and locus of policy discussing such issues as the state versus market, the growing complexity and scale of government and the special concerns of Africans relating to the debate around the issues. Based on the above theoretical debates, certain issues and the competing tools for addressing them are identified for closer scrutiny. These contextual issues include the economic issues in public policy; health issues and public policy; security issues and public policy; the environment and natural resources policy issues; governance and policy issues; and exclusion, vulnerability and public policy. The chapter concludes by drawing out the implications of policy paradigms on policy change and policy performance.
Social Diversity, Gender, Equity and Public Policy
Authors: Ezati Betty Akullu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the major challenges confronting public policy in Africa is how to overcome overt and subtle discrimination in the art of governance, economic and social development. The promotion of social diversity and the eradication of exploitation of one group by others remains a major focus. Understanding the political and civil rights of different social classes, as well as their economic, social and cultural rights, provide the basis for this chapter on social diversity, gender, equity and public policy. This chapter examines the discourse on social differences, and how state and society have responded over time to the growing demands for inclusive growth and social justice in development. It shows how evidence from reflective research is contributing to the unfolding paradigm shift towards embracing social diversity and equity with special reference to race, gender, ethnicity and disability, to name a few. This chapter highlights how policy instruments influence the process of income distribution across different social groups and how public policy can be used to advance people’s freedoms across different social groups.
Shape dependence of mutual information in the OPE limit: linear responses
Authors: Chen Liangyu , Wang Huajia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mutual information serves as an important measure of correlation between subsystem components. In the framework of quantum field theories (QFTs) they have better regulated UV behavior than entanglement entropy, and thus provide more direct access to universal aspects of entanglement structures. In this paper, we study the linear responses under shape deformation of the mutual information in the conformal field theory (CFT) vacuum between two spheres of radius R separated by large distance L ≫ R or conformally equivalent configurations. Our calculations make use of the previous OPE results for mutual information [1] and the associated modular Hamiltonian [2]. In particular, we apply the entanglement first law to compute the linear responses of mutual information under shape deformation on one of the spheres. We find that the linear responses exhibit a high degree of universality for a selected class of OPE contributions. We demonstrate that there is a “little group” of symmetries associated with the set-up. Our result implies that the spherical mutual information is extremal over shape deformations of non-zero modes under the symmetry group.
Analytic bootstrap of mixed correlators in the O(n) CFT
Authors: Bertucci Francesco , Henriksson Johan , McPeak Brian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We use large spin perturbation theory and the Lorentzian inversion formula to compute order-ϵ corrections to mixed correlators in the O(n) Wilson-Fisher CFT in 4 − ϵ dimensions. In particular, we find the scaling dimensions and averaged OPE coefficients appearing in all correlators involving the operators φ and φ2, for φ2 in both the singlet and symmetric traceless representations of O(n). We extend some computations to the next order, and find order-ϵ2 data for a number of quantities for the Ising case at n = 1. Along the way, we discuss several interesting technical aspects which arise, including subleading corrections to mixed conformal blocks, projections onto higher twists in the inversion formula, and multiplet recombination.
NLO deflections for spinning particles and Kerr black holes
Authors: Menezes Gabriel , Sergola Matteo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We employ the “KMOC” formalism of [1] to compute classical momentum deflections of spinning bodies with arbitrary spin orientations up to next-to-leading order (one loop). We do this in electrodynamics and gravity. The final result, valid for generic masses, is true for all spins at tree level and up to second (fourth) spin order for the electromagnetic (gravity) case at one loop. Furthermore, emphasis is given to the probe limit scenario where our results extend to all spin orders in the heavy source, even at next-to-leading order. We carry out our computations both using a unitarity based framework and Feynman diagrammatic approach which relies on scattering amplitudes computed on fixed backgrounds.
Resonance form factors from finite-volume correlation functions with the external field method
Authors: Lozano Jonathan , Meißner Ulf-G. , Romero-López Fernando , Rusetsky Akaki , Schierholz Gerrit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A novel method for the extraction of form factors of unstable particles on the lattice is proposed. The approach is based on the study of two-particle scattering in a static, spatially periodic external field by using a generalization of the Lüscher method in the presence of such a field. It is shown that the resonance form factor is given by the derivative of the resonance pole position in the complex plane with respect to the coupling constant to the external field. Unlike the standard approach, this proposal does not suffer from problems caused by the presence of the triangle diagram.
Biconservative Hypersurfaces in Space Forms $$\overline{M}^{{n+1}}({c})$$
Authors: Gupta Ram Shankar , Arvanitoyeorgos Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study biconservative hypersurfaces M in space forms $$\overline{M}^{n+1}(c)$$

M
¯

n
+
1

(
c
)

with four distinct principal curvatures whose second fundamental form has constant norm. We prove that every such hypersurface has constant mean curvature and constant scalar curvature.
Übersicht über die in der EU zugelassenen COVID-19-Impfstoffe – von der Technologie über die klinische Prüfung zur Zulassung
Authors: Hildt Eberhard 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDerzeit (Stand Juli 2022) sind in der EU 6 verschiedene COVID-19-Impfstoffe zugelassen. Diese umfassen 2 mRNA-basierte Impfstoffe (BNT162b2, Comirnaty® und mRNA-1273, Spikevax®), 2 auf einem adenoviralen Vektor basierende Impfstoffe (AZD1222, Vaxzevria® und Ad26.COV2.S, Jcovden®) sowie den Untereinheitenimpfstoff Nuvaxovid® (NVX-CoV2373) und den Inaktivatvirus-Impfstoff VLA2001. Obgleich diese Impfstoffe auf unterschiedlichen Technologien basieren, ist allen die Verwendung des Spike-Proteins von SARS-CoV‑2 als Antigen gemein.Diese Übersicht beschreibt die Charakteristika ihrer Zusammensetzung, ihre Wirksamkeit und den Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren auf die Wirksamkeit. Des Weiteren wird das Zulassungsverfahren erläutert und die Faktoren werden identifiziert, welche zu der bisher noch nicht dagewesenen Schnelligkeit in der Entwicklung und Zulassung von Impfstoffen gegen einen pandemischen Erreger beigetragen haben.
A machine learning approach to recognize bias and discrimination in job advertisements
Authors: Frissen Richard , Adebayo Kolawole John , Nanda Rohan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the work of organizations in the area of digitization has intensified significantly. This trend is also evident in the field of recruitment where job application tracking systems (ATS) have been developed to allow job advertisements to be published online. However, recent studies have shown that recruiting in most organizations is not inclusive, being subject to human biases and prejudices. Most discrimination activities appear early but subtly in the hiring process, for instance, exclusive phrasing in job advertisement discourages qualified applicants from minority groups from applying. The existing works are limited to analyzing, categorizing and highlighting the occurrence of bias in the recruitment process. In this paper, we go beyond this and develop machine learning models for identifying and classifying biased and discriminatory language in job descriptions. We develop and evaluate a machine learning system for identifying five major categories of biased and discriminatory language in job advertisements, i.e., masculine-coded, feminine-coded, exclusive, LGBTQ-coded, demographic and racial language. We utilized the combination of linguistic features with recent state-of-the-art word embeddings representations as input features for various machine learning classifiers. Our results show that the machine learning classifiers were able to identify all the five categories of biased and discriminatory language with a decent accuracy. The Random Forest classifier with FastText word embeddings achieved the best performance with tenfolds cross-validation. Our system directly addresses the bias in the attraction phase of hiring by identifying and classifying biased and discriminatory language and thus encouraging recruiters to write more inclusive job advertisements.
Automatic separation of laminar-turbulent flows on aircraft wings and stabilisers via adaptive attention butterfly network
Authors: Kuzu Rıdvan Salih , Mühlmann Philipp , Zhu Xiao Xiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany of the laminar-turbulent flow localisation techniques are strongly dependent upon expert control even-though determining the flow distribution is the prerequisite for analysing the efficiency of wing & stabiliser design in aeronautics. Some recent efforts have dealt with the automatic localisation of laminar-turbulent flow but they are still in infancy and not robust enough in noisy environments. This study investigates whether it is possible to separate flow regions with current deep learning techniques. For this aim, a flow segmentation architecture composed of two consecutive encoder-decoder is proposed, which is called Adaptive Attention Butterfly Network. Contrary to the existing automatic flow localisation techniques in the literature which mostly rely on homogeneous and clean data, the competency of our proposed approach in automatic flow segmentation is examined on the mixture of diverse thermographic observation sets exposed to different levels of noise. Finally, in order to improve the robustness of the proposed architecture, a self-supervised learning strategy is adopted by exploiting 23.468 non-labelled laminar-turbulent flow observations.
Lungengefäßbeteiligung bei Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Douschan Philipp 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Lebererkrankungen entwickeln häufig Patholgien der pulmonalen Zirkulation. Zum einen kann eine portopulmonale Hypertonie (POPH) auftreten, die durch einen proliferativen Umbau der pulmonalen Arteriolen gekennzeichnet ist und zu einer Rechtherzbelastung führt, zum anderen ein hepatopulmonales Syndrom (HPS) mit Gefäßerweiterung und arteriovenösen Malformationen und daraus resultierendem Ventilations-Perfusions-Mismatch. Beide Störungen gehen mit einer erhöhten Mortalität und einer verminderten Lebensqualität einher. Die Diagnose der POPH erfolgt durch Echokardiographie und Rechtsherzkatheter, und es stehen pulmonal vasoaktive Medikamente für ihre Therapie zur Verfügung. Das HPS wird mittels Kontrastechokardiographie sowie Blutgasanalyse diagnostiziert. Medikamentöse Therapien gibt es derzeit noch keine. Im Falle einer geplanten Lebertransplantation ist auf die jeweiligen Besonderheiten im Management beider Störungen und mögliche Kontraindikationen zu achten.
Predicting Adolescent Intervention Non-responsiveness for Precision HIV Prevention Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Feifan , Deveaux Lynette , Ash Arlene , Gerber Ben , Allison Jeroan , Herbert Carly , Poitier Maxwell , MacDonell Karen , Li Xiaoming , Stanton Bonita 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterventions to teach protective behaviors may be differentially effective within an adolescent population. Identifying the characteristics of youth who are less likely to respond to an intervention can guide program modifications to improve its effectiveness. Using comprehensive longitudinal data on adolescent risk behaviors, perceptions, sensation-seeking, peer and family influence, and neighborhood risk factors from 2564 grade 10–12 students in The Bahamas, this study employs machine learning approaches (support vector machines, logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest) to identify important predictors of non-responsiveness for precision prevention. We used 80% of the data to train the models and the rest for model testing. Among different machine learning algorithms, the random forest model using longitudinal data and the Boruta feature selection approach predicted intervention non-responsiveness best, achieving sensitivity of 85.4%, specificity of 78.4% and AUROC of 0.93 on the training data, and sensitivity of 84.3%, specificity of 67.1%, and AUROC of 0.85 on the test data. Key predictors include self-efficacy, perceived response cost, parent monitoring, vulnerability, response efficacy, HIV/AIDS knowledge, communication about condom use, and severity of HIV/STI. Machine learning can yield powerful predictive models to identify adolescents who are unlikely to respond to an intervention. Such models can guide the development of alternative strategies that may be more effective with intervention non-responders.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and metal ion homeostasis and detoxification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Kebaara Bessie W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe highly conserved Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway is a translation dependent mRNA degradation pathway. Although NMD is best known for its role in degrading mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs) generated during transcription, splicing, or damage to the mRNAs, NMD is now also recognized as a pathway with additional important functions. Notably, NMD precisely regulates protein coding natural mRNAs, hence controlling gene expression within several physiologically significant pathways. Such pathways affected by NMD include nutritional bio-metal homeostasis and metal ion detoxification, as well as crosstalk between these pathways. Here, we focus on the relationships between NMD and various metal homeostasis and detoxification pathways. We review the described role that the NMD pathway plays in magnesium, zinc, iron, and copper homeostasis, as well as cadmium detoxification.
“Vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease: review about the role of PET imaging”
Authors: Sammartino Antonio Maria , Falco Raffaele , Drera Andrea , Dondi Francesco , Bellini Pietro , Bertagna Francesco , Vizzardi Enrico 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInflammation characterizes all stages of atherothrombosis and provides a critical pathophysiological link between plaque formation and its acute rupture, leading to coronary occlusion and heart attack. In the last 20 years the possibility of quantifying the degree of inflammation of atherosclerotic plaques and, therefore, also of vascular inflammation aroused much interest. 18Fluoro-deoxy-glucose photon-emissions-tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is widely used in oncology for staging and searching metastases; in cardiology, the absorption of 18F-FDG into the arterial wall was observed for the first time incidentally in the aorta of patients undergoing PET imaging for cancer staging. PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG and 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) has been shown to assess atherosclerotic disease in its molecular phase, when the process may still be reversible. This approach has several limitations in the clinical practice, due to lack of prospective data to justify their use routinely, but it’s desirable to develop further scientific evidence to confirm this technique to detect high-risk patients for cardiovascular events.
Benthic studies adjacent to Sakhalin Island, Russia, 2015 II: energy content of the zoobenthos in western gray whale feeding grounds
Authors: Maresh Jennifer L. , Blanchard Arny L. , Demchenko Natalia L. , Shcherbakov Ilya , Aerts Lisanne , Schwarz Lisa K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe waters adjacent to the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia, are an important feeding ground for the endangered western gray whale. Data on the energy available to foraging whales from their prey resources is required for researchers interested in modeling the bioenergetics of whale foraging, but little energy content information is available for the benthic prey communities of gray whales in this region. In this study, we describe the energy density (ED), biomass, and total energy availability (ED × biomass) of benthic prey sampled from two gray whale foraging areas adjacent to Sakhalin Island: the nearshore and offshore feeding areas. ED varied almost seven-fold among benthic taxa, ranging from 1.11 to 7.62 kJ/g wet mass. Although there was considerable variation within most prey groups, amphipods had the highest mean ED of all of groups examined (5.58 ± 1.44 kJ/g wet mass). Small sample sizes precluded us from detecting any seasonal or spatial differences in mean ED within or among taxa; however, mean biomass in the offshore feeding area was, in some cases, an order of magnitude higher than mean estimates in the nearshore feeding area, resulting in higher mean total energy available to foraging gray whales offshore (958–3313 kJ/m2) compared to nearshore (223–495 kJ/m2). While the proportion of total energy accounted for by amphipods was variable, this prey group generally made up a higher proportion of the total energy available in the benthos of the offshore feeding area than in the benthos of the nearshore feeding area. Data presented here will be used to inform bioenergetics modeling of the vital rates of mature females in an effort to improve understanding of population growth limits for western gray whales.
Western gray whales on their summer feeding ground off Sakhalin Island in 2015: who is foraging where?
Authors: Schwarz Lisa K. , Gailey Glenn , Tyurneva Olga , Yakovlev Yuri , Sychenko Olga , van der Wolf Peter , Vertyankin Vladimir V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the face of cumulative effects of oil and gas activities on the endangered western gray whale, informed management decisions rely on knowledge of gray whale spatial use patterns as a function of demographic group and prey energy. In particular, the gray whale foraging ground off Sakhalin Island consists of two distinct areas (nearshore and offshore) with the offshore feeding area exhibiting markedly high prey energy content. Based on photo-identification data collected from 2002 to 2015, we determined that gray whale use of the offshore feeding area increased with age. Pregnant females were more likely to be sighted only nearshore when nearshore prey energy and the proportion of nearshore energy from amphipods were higher. Likewise, females arriving with calves were less likely to be sighted offshore when the proportion of nearshore energy from amphipods was higher. Photo-identification effort in 2015 was increased substantially, with the intent of maximizing resighting data of individual whales to determine the relative proportion of different demographic groups utilizing the nearshore and offshore feeding areas. Comparing sighting data collected in 2015 with data from all previous years combined, mothers arriving with calves were sighted in the offshore feeding area earlier in 2015, with no evidence that they returned to forage nearshore later in the season. Other reproductive females constituted a higher proportion of the animals foraging nearshore prior to 2015, while juveniles were a higher proportion during 2015. Thus, the offshore feeding area is an important component of the gray whales’ annual life cycle, particularly if nearshore prey energy continues to decline, and offshore anthropogenic activities need to be monitored and addressed.