bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition, prey, and mortalities influence gray wolf group size
Authors: Sells Sarah N. , Mitchell Michael S. , Podruzny Kevin M. , Ausband David E. , Emlen Douglas J. , Gude Justin A. , Smucker Ty D. , Boyd Diane K. , Loonam Kenneth E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroup living is found in only 10–15% of carnivorans and can shape demographic processes. Sociality is associated with benefits including increased ability to acquire resources, decreased risk of mortality, and increased reproductive success. We hypothesized that carnivore group size is influenced by conditions related to competition, prey, and mortality risk, which should affect benefits and costs of sociality and resulting demographic processes. We evaluated our hypotheses with gray wolves (Canis lupus) using a 14‐year dataset from a large, heavily managed population in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Annual mean group size ranged 4.86–7.03 and averaged 5.92 overall. Most groups were relatively small, with 80% containing ≤8 members. Groups were larger in areas with higher densities of conspecific groups, and smaller where prey availability was low. Group sizes remained largely stable while the population was unharvested or under low‐intensity harvest but declined under high‐intensity harvest. Results support the hypothesis that as habitat becomes saturated, inclusive fitness may become increasingly important such that subordinates delay dispersal. In addition to direct implications for birth and deaths, conditions related to prey and mortality risk may also influence dispersal decisions. Our work also provided a model to predict group size of wolves in our system, directly fulfilling a management need.
Gustatory Function in Acute COVID‐19 ‐ Results From Home‐Based Psychophysical Testing
Authors: Hintschich Constantin A. , Brosig Anja , Hummel Thomas , Andorfer Kornelia E. , Wenzel Jürgen J. , Bohr Christopher , Vielsmeier Veronika 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveGustatory function during COVID‐19 is self‐reported by around 50% of patients. However, only a few studies assessed gustation using psychophysical testing during acute infection. The objective of this study is to test gustatory function on threshold tests in the very first days of COVID‐19.MethodsPsychophysical testing consisted of validated and blinded tests for olfaction (NHANES Pocket Smell Test) and gustation (Taste Strips Test). These test kits were sent to home‐quarantined patients and self‐administered using a detailed instruction sheet.ResultsA total of 51 patients were included in this study. Testing was performed 6.5 ± 2.7 days after sampling of respiratory swabs. At this time 37% of patients stated to currently experience a gustatory impairment. The mean Taste Strips score was 10.0 ± 3.4 with 28% scoring in the range of hypogeusia. Interestingly, no significant difference in the results of gustatory testing could be observed between the group with subjectively preserved gustation and the group with self‐rated taste impairment.ConclusionDuring the very first days of COVID‐19, psychophysical gustatory testing revealed hypogeusia in 28%. This is far lower than patients' self‐reports. Different from previous studies, we did not find clear evidence for an impairment of only certain taste qualities.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1082–1087, 2022
Lung cancer diagnosis using deep attention‐based multiple instance learning and radiomics
Authors: Chen Junhua , Zeng Haiyan , Zhang Chong , Shi Zhenwei , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard , Bermejo Inigo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of lung cancer is a key intervention for the treatment of lung cancer in which computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) can play a crucial role. Most published CAD methods perform lung cancer diagnosis by classifying each lung nodule in isolation. However, this does not reflect clinical practice, where clinicians diagnose a patient based on a set of images of nodules, instead of looking at one nodule at a time. Besides, the low interpretability of the output provided by these methods presents an important barrier for their adoption.MethodIn this article, we treat lung cancer diagnosis as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, which better reflects the diagnosis process in the clinical setting and provides higher interpretability of the output. We selected radiomics as the source of input features and deep attention‐based MIL as the classification algorithm. The attention mechanism provides higher interpretability by estimating the importance of each instance in the set for the final diagnosis. To improve the model's performance in a small imbalanced dataset, we propose a new bag simulation method for MIL.Results and conclusionThe results show that our method can achieve a mean accuracy of 0.807 with a standard error of the mean (SEM) of 0.069, a recall of 0.870 (SEM 0.061), a positive predictive value of 0.928 (SEM 0.078), a negative predictive value of (SEM 0.155), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.842 (SEM 0.074), outperforming other MIL methods. Additional experiments show that the proposed oversampling strategy significantly improves the model's performance. In addition, experiments show that our method provides a good indication of the importance of each nodule in determining the diagnosis, which combined with the well‐defined radiomic features, to make the results more interpretable and acceptable for doctors and patients.
Cultural considerations for conducting autism assessment with Asian American and Pacific Islander students
Authors: Truong Dieu M. , Barth Alexandra M. , Mire Sarah S. , Ayala Mycah L. , Ramclam Ashley N. , Tan Samantha X. L. , McKee Shannon L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn public schools, Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students are overidentified with autism (AU) but are underrepresented in other special education categories. Such patterns may be result, in part, from overaggregation of data from students representing diverse AAPI ethnic groups. Yet, professionals' implicit biases, limited cultural responsivity in evaluation and research, and structural and systemic racism also likely contribute to the pervasive AU disproportionality in school‐based identification. To improve accuracy of AU identification and appropriateness of school services and programming, the current paper aims to enhance school psychologists' (SPs') awareness and knowledge about AAPI cultures and to improve their efforts in conducting culturally responsive evaluation with AAPI students suspected of AU. An overview of historical and current anti‐AAPI issues and AAPI cultural perceptions of AU are provided. Then, through the lens of sociocultural theory and using a framework of cultural humility, specific suggestions for culturally responsive autism assessment approaches are offered for SPs working with AAPI students and their families.
Facile fabrication of underwater superoleophobic membrane based on polyacrylamide/chitosan hydrogel modified metal mesh for oil–water separation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Cao Zheng , Luo Zili , Li Wenjun , Fu Tao , Qiu Wang , Lai Zhirong , Cheng Junfeng , Yang Haicun , Ma Wenzhong , Liu Chunlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing chemically etched stainless steel mesh (SSM) as matrix, chitosan (CS) as the hydrophilic component and acrylamide as (AAm) monomer, the underwater superoleophobic membrane (PAAm/CS@SSM) for oil–water separation was prepared by free radical polymerization initiated by ultraviolet light. The composition, morphology, underwater oil contact angle, and structure of PAAm/CS@SSM were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The underwater oil contact angles of PAAm/CS@SSM could reach 154.5°. When the number of oil–water cycles reached 20 times, the oil–water separation efficiency of PAAm/CS@SSM was larger than 99%. When the oil–water ratio is 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, the oil–water separation flux of PAAm/CS@SSM was 2096.8, 4457.9, 4735.7, 5395.7, and 3606.9 L·m·−2·h−1, respectively. When oils are n‐hexane, petroleum ether, vegetable oil, and liquid paraffin, the oil–water separation efficiency of PAAm/CS@SSM was 99.0%, 97.7%, 97.2%, and 99.3%, respectively. After the wear resistance test, the PAAm/CS@SSM membrane still exhibited underwater super‐oleophobicity (>150°).
Effect of pelvic lymph node dissection and its extent on oncological outcomes in intermediate‐risk prostate cancer patients: A multicenter study of the Turkish Uro‐oncology Association
Authors: Izol Volkan , Ok Fesih , Aslan Guven , Akdogan Bulent , Sozen Sinan , Ozden Ender , Celik Orcun , Muezzinoglu Talha , Turkeri Levent , Akdogan Nebil , Baltaci Sumer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the gold standard method for lymph node staging in prostate cancer. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PLND combined with radical prostatectomy (RP) on oncological outcomes in D'Amico intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (IRPC) patients.MethodsPatients with D'Amico IRPC were included in the study. In the overall cohort and subgroups (biopsy International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade group 2 and 3), patients were divided into two groups as PLND and no‐PLND. More extensive PLND, defined as a number of removed nodes (NRN) ≥ 75th percentile.ResultsAfter exclusion, a total of 631 patients were included: 351 (55.6%) had PLND and 280 (44.4%) had no‐PLND. The mean age was 63.1 ± 3.60 years. The median NRN was 8.0 (1.0–40.0). The mean follow‐up period was 47.7 ± 37.5 months. The lymph node involvement (LNI) rate was 5.7% in the overall cohort, 3.9% in ISUP grade 2, and 10.8% in ISUP grade 3. Patients with PLND were associated with more aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics but no significant difference in biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCRFS) was found between patients with PLND and no‐PLND (p = 0.642). In the subgroup analysis for ISUP grades 2 and 3, no significant difference in BCRFS outcomes was found in patients with PLND and No‐PLND (p = 0.680 and p = 0.922). Also, PLND extent had no effect on BCRFS (p = 0.569). The multivariable Cox regression model adjusted for preoperative tumor characteristics revealed that prostate specific antigen (PSA) (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.25; p = 0.048) was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (BCR). The optimum cut‐off value for PSA, which can predict BCRFS, was assigned to be 7.81 ng/ml, with an AUC of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.571–0.688). The highest sensitivity and specificity were 0.667 and 0.549.ConclusionOverall and cancer‐specific survival analyzes were not evaluated because not enough events were observed. Neither PLND nor its extent improved BCRFS outcomes in IRPC. The LNI rate is low in patients with biopsy ISUP grade 2 and the BCR rate is low in those with PSA < 7.81 ng/dl so PLND can be omitted in these IRPC patients.
Light‐Induced Topological Patterning toward 3D Shape‐Reconfigurable Origami
Authors: Hu Wei‐Hsun , Ji Ming , Chen Ta‐Te , Wang Siqian , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Sekiguchi Yu , Watanabe Ikumu , Sato Chiaki , Naito Masanobu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShape‐reconfigurable materials are crucial in many engineering applications. However, because of their isotropic deformability, they often require complex molding equipment for shaping. A polymeric origami structure that follows predetermined deformed and non‐deformed patterns at specific temperatures without molding is demonstrated. It is constructed with a heterogeneous (dynamic and static) network topology via light‐induced programming. The corresponding spatio‐selective thermal plasticity creates varied deformability within a single polymer. The kinematics of site‐specific deformation allows guided origami deployment in response to external forces. Moreover, the self‐locking origami can fix its geometry in specific states without pressurization. These features enable the development of shape‐reconfigurable structures that undergo on‐demand geometry changes without requiring bulky or heavy equipment. The concept enriches polymer origamis, and could be applied with other polymers having similar chemistries. Overall, it is a versatile material for artificial muscles, origami robotics, and non‐volatile mechanical memory devices.
An approach for semantic interoperability in autonomic distributed intelligent systems
Authors: Yaghoobirafi Kamaleddin , Farahani Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe complexity and dynamism of distributed intelligent systems have motivated the utilization of autonomic computing in such systems. However, the interoperability of agents in order to attain self‐managing properties is itself a great challenge that requires more attention. Although a number of semantic approaches exist for central autonomic systems, there are not many attempts to develop mechanisms for facilitating semantic interoperability to attain a distributed feedback loop. In this paper, a semantic approach is presented to overcome this challenge. The main component of this approach is AutonoML language that provides the shared semantics for autonomic computing in distributed environments. Besides this language, the method of its application for enhancing the interoperability of the distributed MAPE‐K loop is presented. In order to evaluate this mechanism, three well‐known metrics from the ontological assessment area are utilized, and the results are compared with an existing autonomic ontology that shows greater relational and attributes richness of the proposed semantic structures. Moreover, in order to evaluate the applicability of the mechanism, a case from NASA‐ANTS project is studied, and the results show that the proposed mechanism is capable of facilitating the achievement of more stable self‐adaptive solutions in less time and by exchanging fewer messages.
Nanostructured Carbons: Towards Soft‐Bioelectronics, Biosensing and Theraputic Applications
Authors: Marzana Maliha , Morsada Zinnat , Faruk Md. Omar , Ahmed Abbas , Khan Md. Manirul Alam , Jalil Mohammad Abdul , Hossain Md. Milon , Rahman Mohammed Muzibur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, nanostructured carbon‐based soft bioelectronics and biosensors have received tremendous attention due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. The ultrahigh specific surface area, high flexibility, lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility of 1D and 2D nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, are advantageous for bioelectronics applications. These materials improve human life by delivering therapeutic advancements in gene, tumor, chemo, photothermal, immune, radio, and precision therapies. They are also utilized in biosensing platforms, including optical and electrochemical biosensors to detect cholesterol, glucose, pathogenic bacteria (e. g., coronavirus), and avian leucosis virus. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in bioelectronics and biosensors by exploiting the outstanding characteristics of nanocarbon materials. The synthesis and biocompatibility of nanocarbon materials are briefly discussed. In the following sections, applications of graphene and CNTs for different therapies and biosensing are elaborated. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of nanocarbon materials for biomedical applications are highlighted.
Toxicology properties of commercial anti‐mosquitos and their effects on carboxyhemoglobin and malondialdehyde levels
Authors: Andini Ary , Sunaryo Merry , Ayu Friska , Syafiuddin Achmad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExposure of carbon monoxide (CO) released by insect repellent has a negative impact on health by forming carboxyhemoglobin (CO‐Hb) as a trigger for oxidative stress in the human body. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effect of commercial anti‐mosquitos on CO‐Hb and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the blood. Effect of electric spray, coils, and electric mats on CO‐Hb and MDA levels in blood was evaluated using male Wistar rats (8 h per day) and monitored for 20 days. The study found that the highest increase in CO‐Hb and CO‐Hb levels in the blood was observed when exposed to electric spray formula compared to other anti‐mosquitos. In addition, the highest increase in MDA levels also occurred when exposed to the electric spray. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between CO‐Hb and MDA levels in the blood (p‐value = 0.000). High CO‐Hb levels in the blood could stimulate oxidative stress and lead to cell damage in the body.
Three-loop helicity amplitudes for diphoton production in gluon fusion
Authors: Bargieła Piotr , Caola Fabrizio , von Manteuffel Andreas , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a calculation of the helicity amplitudes for the process gg → γγ in three-loop massless QCD. We employ a recently proposed method to calculate scattering amplitudes in the ’t Hooft-Veltman scheme that reduces the amount of spurious non-physical information needed at intermediate stages of the computation. Our analytic results for the three-loop helicity amplitudes are remarkably compact, and can be efficiently evaluated numerically. This calculation provides the last missing building block for the computation of NNLO QCD corrections to diphoton production in gluon fusion.
Polarised W+j production at the LHC: a study at NNLO QCD accuracy
Authors: Pellen Mathieu , Poncelet Rene , Popescu Andrei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study polarisation of W-bosons produced in association with one jet at the LHC. In particular, we provide all necessary theoretical ingredients for the precise extraction of polarisation fractions. To that end, we present new polarised predictions up to NNLO QCD accuracy employing the narrow-width approximation, in two phase spaces: inclusive and fiducial. We compare results in the fiducial phase space to a full off-shell computation as well as experimental data. Finally, we fit the polarisation fractions using shape templates and show that NNLO corrections significantly improve their determination.
Non-BPS floating branes and bubbling geometries
Authors: Heidmann Pierre 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We derive a non-BPS linear ansatz using the charged Weyl formalism in string and M-theory backgrounds. Generic solutions are static and axially-symmetric with an arbitrary number of non-BPS sources corresponding to various brane, momentum and KKm charges. Regular sources are either four-charge non-extremal black holes or smooth non-BPS bubbles. We construct several families such as chains of non-extremal black holes or smooth non-BPS bubbling geometries and study their physics. The smooth horizonless geometries can have the same mass and charges as non-extremal black holes. Furthermore, we find examples that scale towards the four-charge BPS black hole when the non-BPS parameters are taken to be small, but the horizon is smoothly resolved by adding a small amount of non-extremality.
Some Remarks on the Saito Kurokawa Lift for Orthogonal Forms
Authors: Matthes Roland 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuke and Imamoglu showed that the Saito–Kurokawa lift for Siegel modular forms can in an elegant manner be obtained from a converse theorem by Imai using spectral analysis of the hyperbolic Laplacian. In an earlier paper we gave a simplified approach without any appeal to spectral analysis. Here we want to show, that this generalizes to some orthogonal groups of signature $$(2,m+2)$$

(
2
,
m
+
2
)

with $$m>2$$

m
>
2

.
Most amateur football teams do not implement essential components of neuromuscular training to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries and lateral ankle sprains
Authors: Rommers Nikki , Rössler Roland , Tassignon Bruno , Verschueren Jo , De Ridder Roel , van Melick Nicky , Longé Lieselot , Hendrikx Tim , Vaes Peter , Beckwée David , Eechaute Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeNeuromuscular training (NMT) is effective at reducing football injuries. The purpose of this study was to document the use of NMT to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries and lateral ankle sprains in adult amateur football and to identify barriers for using NMT.MethodsA preseason and in-season online survey was completed by players and coaches of 164 football teams. The survey contained questions concerning injury history, type and frequency of NMT, and barriers when NMT was not used.ResultsA total of 2013 players (40% female) and 180 coaches (10% female) completed the preseason survey, whereas 1253 players and 140 coaches completed the in-season survey. Thirty-four percent (preseason) to 21% (in-season) of players used NMT, but only 8% (preseason) to 5% (in-season) performed adequate NMT (i.e. both balance and plyometric exercises, at least twice per week). In the subpopulation of players with an injury history, 12% (preseason) and 7% (in-season) performed adequate NMT. With respect to the coaches, only 5% (preseason) and 2% (in-season) implemented adequate NMT. Most important barriers for using NMT for both players and coaches were a lack of belief in its effectiveness, a lack of knowledge, the belief that stretching is sufficient, and not feeling the need for it.ConclusionMost amateur football teams do not implement essential components of NMT. The results highlight the urgent need for developing strategies to enhance the adequate use of NMT in amateur football.Level of evidenceII.
Quantum Fields on Semi-globally Hyperbolic Space–Times
Authors: Janssen Daan W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce a class of space–times modeling singular events such as evaporating black holes and topology changes, which we dub as semi-globally hyperbolic space–times. On these space–times we aim to study the existence of reasonable quantum field theories. We establish a notion of linear scalar quantum field theories on these space–times, show how such a theory might be constructed and introduce notions of global dynamics on these theories. Applying these contructions to both black hole evaporation and topology changing space–times, we find that existence of algebras can be relatively easily established, while the existence of reasonable states on these algebras remains an unsolved problem.
The effect of female hormone in otosclerosis. A comparative study and speculation about their effect on the ossicular chain based on the clinical results
Authors: Ricci Giampietro , Gambacorta Valeria , Lapenna Ruggero , della Volpe Antonio , La Mantia Ignazio , Ralli Massimo , Di Stadio Arianna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at identifying gender differences in the hearing thresholds in a sample of patients with otosclerosis before and after surgery to understand the impact of female hormones on auditory thresholds.

Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 184 patients (123 women and 61 men) affected by otosclerosis. All the patients were affected by conductive hearing loss and treated by stapedoplasty. Auditory thresholds at the baseline (T0) and one month after surgery (T30) were collected. Air and bone thresholds and Air Bone Gap (ABG) were compared between females and males using one-way ANOVA.

Results
Statistically significant differences were observed comparing the air threshold at T0 vs T30 both in women and men (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were observed in the bone conduction thresholds before and after surgery. The comparison between females and males showed statistically significant differences both at T0 (p < 0.01) and T30 (p < 0.05) for air conduction thresholds and ABG at 4000 Hz.

Conclusion
Although stapedoplasty reduced the difference between females and males in the air conduction thresholds and ABG, women showed better recovery of their middle ear function with better auditory thresholds and ABG. The female hormones might positively impact the ligaments of the incudostapedial joint improving chain flexibility. This benefit might explain the statistically significant difference observed in women at 4000 Hz before and after surgery.