bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of hydroxychloroquine adverse events in COVID-19 patients reported throughout Iraqi pharmacovigilance center in VigiBase™: A study based on WHO database
Authors: A. Noori Yasir , S. Arif Inam , M. Younus Manal , Mahmood Mohammed Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Background: Hydroxychloroquine is a long-used medication, most commonly used to treat and prevent malaria, that also has anti-inflammatory and antiviral characteristics. Therefore, specialists have shown interest in the underlying mechanism of its antiviral activity. In vitro experiments have demonstrated its efficiency against SARS coronavirus, and in vitro and in vivo research on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being conducted. We aimed to investigate reports on adverse events of hydroxychloroquine submitted to the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Centre and compare the incidence of these reported adverse events in Iraq to globally reported cases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 using information component (IC)025 values. Methods: The reported adverse events of hydroxychloroquine to the national Pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase™ a WHO global database of reported potential side effects of medicinal products, were investigated qualitatively (age, sex, and severity) and quantitatively (using IC025) as a measure of the existence of new/altered safety information associated with hydroxychloroquine. Results: A total of 132 reports were found, with women representing 37.1% and men representing 60.6% of cases, while the rest were unidentified, with the predominant age groups ranging from 18–44 years old accounting for 47.4% of cases. The most reported adverse events were upper (17%) and lower abdomen pain (21%), nausea (14%), diarrhea (13%), and electrocardiogram (ECG) QT prolongation (13%). There were 44 different drug-adverse reaction pairings in which the adverse reaction reports included more than one event. The IC025 value for the most widely reported adverse events showed a positive comparable value for upper (2/0.3) and lower abdominal pain (1.8/-0.0), palpitation (1.6/-0.4), and dyspepsia (1.1/0.6). There was a decreased value for IC025 in cases of ECG QT prolongation (3.5/5), diarrhea (0.3/0.8), abdominal discomfort (0.1/2), and oral fungal infection (-0.4/0.6). Conclusions: The IC025 helped determine the higher reporting rate of adverse events compared to the average global rates.
Electronic signature and attestation in conveyancing practice: A Malaysian legal perspective
Authors: Hua Siong Wong , Munzil Muhamad Mohd 
Published: August 2022

Background The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to global business activities. Physical face-to-face activities must be restricted due to movement control order (MCO). The clients are required to sign the documents physically in the presence of the solicitor who must subsequently attest to the signature of the clients. The issue arises whether electronic signature (e-signature) and attestation are permissible under the laws of Malaysia. The aim of this research was to study the legality of e-signature and attestation in conveyancing practice in Malaysia and subsequently to propose recommendations to overcome these issues. Methods This is qualitative study and not an empirical study. The data was collected by library-based research from various primary and secondary data sources, including case law in Malaysia, written statutes, publication of journal and article. Results The Digital Signatures Act 1997 (DSA) and the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (ECA) have legalised e-signatures. The DSA is the law that governs the digital signatures in Malaysia. ECA has listed a few documents which are not legally accepted if signed electronically, namely Power of Attorney, the Wills and codicils, the Trusts, and negotiable instruments. However, with regards to the issue of attestation of these documents, there are no clear laws which govern the attestation. The legal issue arises when the lawyers who have attested these documents are liable to be called as witness under the Evidence Act 1950 to testify their signature if these documents are tendered as evidence in any court proceedings. Conclusion The laws in Malaysia have provided sufficient provisions for e-signatures but not the issue of attestation via online. Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for unique legal framework for attestation via online in Malaysia.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TECHNICAL MODERNIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Subaeva Asiya , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Mukhametshin Ilshat , Avhadiev Fayaz , Gaynutdinov Ilgizar 
Published: August 2022

Technical re-equipment in the economic literature involves equipping enterprises with new equipment, the introduction of progressive technologies, modernization and replacement of outdated and physically worn equipment, mechanization and automation of technological processes. Developing this direction, we will expand the theoretical aspects of re-equipment such as the development of equipment and technologies in several stages based on innovations of scientific and technological progress, and the influence of scientific potential in the field of modernization of technology, including the process of digital transformation.
The purpose of the study is to analyze and expand the theoretical aspects of technical modernization of agriculture based on the formation of a model of technical modernization of agribusiness. Main research methods: general scientific (analysis of literature on the research problem, generalization, comparison and systematization of empirical and theoretical data) approach. The study widely uses the concepts of modern science of digitalization of the economy. For further improvement of this process, the author's model of technical and technological re-equipment of agriculture in the conditions of transition to the digital economy is proposed, which involves the identification of re-equipment factors (STP, state support, staffing, the state of the technical base), identification of digitalization risks (information security, job cuts, equipment downtime due to lack of Internet), determination of the result (growth of competitiveness, improvement of social infrastructure, increase in production efficiency, improvement of the environmental situation).
From Compliance to Progress: A Sensemaking Perspective on the Governance of Corruption
Authors: Schembera Stefan , Haack Patrick , Scherer Andreas Georg 
Published: August 2022

The governance of corruption is increasingly important in a global business environment involving ever more frequent transactions across diverse institutional contexts. Previous scholarship has theorized a fundamental tension between the enforcement of organizational compliance and the achievement of social ends, finding that efforts to remedy policy-practice decoupling in the governance of corruption and other complex global issues can exacerbate means-ends decoupling. However, these studies have tended to apply a rather static lens to a highly evaluative and processual phenomenon, meaning we still lack in-depth understanding of the dynamics underlying the interactive communicative processes of sensemaking and negotiation involved in working out the problems of both means-ends and policy-practice decoupling across different institutional contexts. To address this gap, we present a longitudinal qualitative study of the governance of corruption that identifies the emergence of locally contingent and open-ended sensemaking processes arising from and surrounding problems of decoupling. Specifically, we identify four key sensemaking mechanisms across different contexts and periods that ultimately shifted the focus of the actors away from a compliance-based approach toward a new shared understanding of progress as achievement, i.e., the mechanisms of localized theorizing, leveling, recalibrating, and public criticizing. Based on these findings, we develop a model to explain the role of sensemaking in the governance of corruption and the dynamics of decoupling. Funding: This work was supported by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Grants 100018_137789 and 100018_159485].
Polarization-insensitive 1D unidirectional compact grating coupler for the C-band using a 500  nm SOI
Authors: Nisar Muhammad Shemyal , Lu Liangjun 
Published: August 2022

Grating couplers are an important optical interconnect and have increasingly found their utility in sensing and LIDARs as well. Optical systems in general have been struggling to increase their bandwidths, making polarization insensitivity highly desirable. The standard 220 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform used for integrated photonics suffers from physical bottlenecks in the form of large modal differences in effective refractive index, propagation loss, and dispersion. In this paper, we present a grating coupler for polarization-insensitive coupling with polarization-dependent loss of less than 0.2 dB for more than 80% of the C-band on an alternative 500 nm SOI platform. We further show that the same design can be extended to polarization inflexible coupling and can reduce the polarization-dependent loss to less than 0.08 dB for the complete C-band. This platform is devoid of shortcomings, making it better suited for polarization-insensitive photonics, and the coupler is able to achieve these results through a simple and compact 1D design.
Predicting demographic characteristics from anterior segment OCT images with deep learning: A study protocol
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Sun Sukkyu , Kim Young Kook 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionAnterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a non-contact, rapid, and high-resolutionin vivomodality for imaging of the eyeball’s anterior segment structures. Because progressive anterior segment deformation is a hallmark of certain eye diseases such as angle-closure glaucoma, identification of AS-OCT structural changes over time is fundamental to their diagnosis and monitoring. Detection of pathologic damage, however, relies on the ability to differentiate it from normal, age-related structural changes.Methods and analysisThis proposed large-scale, retrospective cross-sectional study will determine whether demographic characteristics including age can be predicted from deep learning analysis of AS-OCT images; it will also assess the importance of specific anterior segment areas of the eyeball to the prediction. We plan to extract, from SUPREME®, a clinical data warehouse (CDW) of Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH; Seoul, South Korea), a list of patients (at least 2,000) who underwent AS-OCT imaging between 2008 and 2020. AS-OCT images as well as demographic characteristics including age, gender, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) will be collected from electronic medical records (EMRs). The dataset of horizontal AS-OCT images will be split into training (80%), validation (10%), and test (10%) datasets, and a Vision Transformer (ViT) model will be built to predict demographics. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) will be used to visualize the regions of AS-OCT images that contributed to the model’s decisions. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) will be applied to evaluate the model performance.ConclusionThis paper presents a study protocol for prediction of demographic characteristics from AS-OCT images of the eyeball using a deep learning model. The results of this study will aid clinicians in understanding and identifying age-related structural changes and other demographics-based structural differences.Trial registrationRegistration ID with open science framework:10.17605/OSF.IO/FQ46X.
Infection prevention practices and its associated factors among hospital workers in a national medical center designated for COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Manandhar Shrestha Rachana , Inoue Yosuke , Fukunaga Ami , Hoang Dong Van , Yamamoto Shohei , Miki Takako , Konishi Maki , Ohmagari Norio , Mizoue Tetsuya 
Published: August 2022

Background
While healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus transmission involving them might be exceeding in the non-occupational settings. This study examined the extent of adherence to infection prevention practices (IPPs) against COVID-19 in their daily life and its associated factors among staff members in a national medical center designated for COVID-19 treatment in Tokyo, Japan.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2020 among 1,228 staff of National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM). We asked participants about their adherence on six IPPs recommended by the WHO in their daily lives, which included wearing masks, maintaining hand and respiratory hygiene, avoiding 3Cs and social distancing. We defined 100% adherence (6 points) to IPPs as good adherence and run logistic regression model to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IPPs.

Results
Nearly 100% of NCGM staff members adhered to four out of six IPPs assessed in this study: washing or sanitizing hands (99.6%), good cough etiquette (99.6%), wearing mask (98.9%), and avoiding 3Cs (98.3%). Doctors (AOR = 2.18, CI: 1.36–3.49) and female staff members (AOR = 1.95, CI: 1.36–3.49) were more likely to adhere to IPPs compared with non-clinical staffs and male counterparts. Good adherence to IPPs tended to increase with older age, with highest adherence among those who were 50 years or above (AOR = 2.53, CI: 1.49–4.29).

Conclusion
This study revealed that the IPPs among NCGM staff was remarkably good. Older and female staff members, and doctors showed a higher adhere to IPPs compared with their counterparts. Additional effort to improve adherence to IPPs among the younger and male staff members could contribute to reduce infection risk in their daily life, which can eventually prevent nosocomial infection.
Rational points on fibrations with few non-split fibres
Authors: Harpaz Yonatan , Wei Dasheng , Wittenberg Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe revisit the abstract framework underlying the fibration method for producing rational points on the total space of fibrations over the projective line. By fine-tuning its dependence on external arithmetic conjectures, we render the method unconditional when the degree of the non-split locus is≤2{\leq 2}, as well as in various instances where it is 3. We are also able to obtain improved results in the regime that is conditionally accessible under Schinzel’s hypothesis, by incorporating into it, for the first time, a technique due to Harari for controlling the Brauer–Manin obstruction in families.
Fetal intracranial hemorrhage in a case of 16p microdeletion
Authors: Álvarez-de-la-Rosa Rodríguez Margarita , Hernández-Suárez Mercedes , Padilla-Pérez Ana Isabel , Dévora-Cabrera Ylenia , Plasencia Acevedo Walter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Intracranial hemorrhages are common events in premature infants but in fetal life those incidents are often of ominous prognosis and unknown etiology.

Case presentation
We present the diagnosis, evolution and management of a fetal hemorrhagic accident associated with an inherited maternal microdeletion of the chromosome 16 short arm. Abnormal neurosonography in routine second trimester ultrasound led to follow up. Fetal germinal matrix hemorrhage along with severe asymmetric ventriculomegaly and a secondary periventricular cyst developed in the early third trimester. Array CGH showed microdeletion 16p11.2.

Conclusions
This microdeletion had not been previously associated with fetal intracranial hemorrhage.
Language labeling and ideology in Indonesia
Authors: Abtahian Maya Ravindranath , Cohn Abigail C. , Yanti  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As part of a large survey project designed to examine language shift in Indonesia, we examine speakers’ categorization and labeling of the language varieties in their repertoire with respect to language ideologies and the language ecology of Indonesia. This paper is both a methodological paper – arguing for the usefulness of surveys in the investigation of language shift scenarios – as well as an initial report of findings from those surveys, focusing on how speakers in different parts of Indonesia name language varieties. We demonstrate the benefits of a survey with open-ended questions about linguistic repertoire in investigating the use of particular language labels as markers of local and national identity and discuss these in terms of differences in local language ecologies on the islands of Bali, Java, and Sumatra. In addition, we report on how language labels are used in different communities in Indonesia in the context of different local ecologies, and against a backdrop of widespread reported language shift from the local languages of the Indonesian archipelago to the national language Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), following decades of successful language planning efforts promoting Indonesian as a unifying language in a linguistically diverse nation.
Binary organization of epidermal basal domains highlights robustness to environmental exposure
Authors: Ghuwalewala Sangeeta , Lee Seon A , Jiang Kevin , Baidya Joydeep , Chovatiya Gopal , Kaur Pritinder , Shalloway David , Tumbar Tudorita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdulte interfollicular epidermis (IFE) renewal is likely orchestrated by physiological demands of its complex tissue architecture comprising spatial and cellular heterogeneity. Mouse tail and back skin display two kinds of basal IFE spatial domains that regenerate at different rates. Here, we elucidate the molecular and cellular states of basal IFE domains by marker expression and single‐cell transcriptomics in mouse and human skin. We uncover two paths of basal cell differentiation that in part reflect the IFE spatial domain organization. We unravel previously unrecognized similarities between mouse tail IFE basal domains defined as scales and interscales versus human rete ridges and inter‐ridges, respectively. Furthermore, our basal IFE transcriptomics and gene targeting in mice provide evidence supporting a physiological role of IFE domains in adaptation to differential UV exposure. We identify Sox6 as a novel UV‐induced and interscale/inter‐ridge preferred basal IFE‐domain transcription factor, important for IFE proliferation and survival. The spatial, cellular, and molecular organization of IFE basal domains underscores skin adaptation to environmental exposure and its unusual robustness in adult homeostasis.
Understanding technical term translation using language translator as Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL)
Authors: Pudjiati Danti , Fitria Tira Nur 
Published: August 2022

Language barriers often prevent a person from understanding information. For that, internet users need to know the best mobile application to translate or translate foreign languages. Numerous mobile apps can be used for English language learning. The apps grow as technology improves then apps were created specifically for the purpose to teach any subject. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is a prominent practice nowadays. The MALL for translation usage is gradually established for EFL students because of the development of ICT. However, the research that discussed this issue is still far on the ground. This research is conducted to fill this void. There are four concerns to consider namely 1) MALL in improving students’ translation skills, 2) Students’ way of translating technical terms 3) The most translation strategy applied by the students to translate the technical terms (4) Challenges faced by students when translating the technical terms from English into Indonesian by using MALL. This research was carried out with a qualitative method. The data were taken from both an online survey and a semi-structured interview. The findings revealed that the students were helpful to use Language Translator (LT) for translating technical terms, especially in determining word choice. They selected three strategies for translating technical terms, i.e. translation by definition, literal translation, and borrowing. The strategy that the students used was a translation by definition. The challenge that they faced when using MALL was primarily regarding guidance availability. Nonetheless, most of them agreed that the LT was very supportive.
Students’ practice on autonomous language learning behaviors: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Fatmawati Ai , Wirza Yanty 
Published: August 2022

The ability of learners to take an active role in their learning has attracted attention in foreign language learning as the focus of language teaching practice and theory have shifted to a student-centered approach. Thus, this study aimed at exploring how students employed autonomous language learning behaviors, such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating their learning, including the challenges that the students may find. By applying a narrative inquiry, this study focused on examining students’ experience in doing autonomous language learning behaviors and their challenges. The data were obtained using a semi-structured interview with four bilingual students who live at private Islamic boarding school. The findings revealed that they implemented autonomous language learning behaviors, yet they met some difficulties in doing those behaviors, such as the dilemma in determining the goals or the priorities to learn, the lack of motivation in doing those behaviors, the need of others to help them doing the behaviors and misunderstanding of the autonomous behavior concepts. The findings imply that the participation of the teacher's assistance and encouragement in implementing autonomous behaviors is crucial. Due to the limited data obtained in this study, future research can be done to explore more about autonomous behaviors.
Keywords: autonomous; behaviors; challenges; learner autonomy