bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KEWENANGAN BAWASLU KABUPATEN JEMBER DALAM MENANGANI PELANGGARAN PEMILIHAN BUPATI DAN WAKIL BUPATI TAHUN 2020 DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Hastuti Dwi , Anwar Wildan Rofikil 
Published: January 2022

The 2020 elections, including the electoral of Regent and Deputy Regent of Jember Regency, are different from the electoral in the previous year because of the COVID-19 pandemic that created many challenges in election supervision, especially the handling of election violations. Therefore, This study aims to determine the role and constraints of Bawaslu in handling violations of the election of regents and deputy regents during the covid 19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative type with a case study approach. And data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation. The study found that the Jember Regency Bawaslu does its authority based on Act No. 7 of 2017, Act No. 10 of 2016. And Regulation of Bawaslu No 8 of 2020. The Jember Regency Bawaslu supervises the implementation of the election and also makes efforts to prevent violations in the election of the Regent and Deputy Regent in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. But there are still various violations: one case of criminal offenses, two cases of administrative violations, one case of the code of ethics violation, and four cases of health protocols violations. Obstacles of handling violations of the election are the content of the Bawaslu Regulation No. 8 of 2020, and structural obstacles are inadequate human resources and disagreements in the Gakkumdu center, cultural obstacles are money politics culture, nepotism culture, and patron clients culture.The 2020 elections, including the electoral of Regent and Deputy Regent of Jember Regency, are different from the electoral in the previous year because of the COVID-19 pandemic that created many challenges in election supervision, especially the handling of election violations. Therefore, This study aims to determine the role and constraints of Bawaslu in handling violations of the election of regents and deputy regents during the covid 19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative type with a case study approach. And data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation. The study found that the Jember Regency Bawaslu does its authority based on Act No. 7 of 2017, Act No. 10 of 2016. And Regulation of Bawaslu No 8 of 2020. The Jember Regency Bawaslu supervises the implementation of the election and also makes efforts to prevent violations in the election of the Regent and Deputy Regent in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. But there are still various violations: one case of criminal offenses, two cases of administrative violations, one case of the code of ethics violation, and four cases of health protocols violations. Obstacles of handling violations of the election are the content of the Bawaslu Regulation No. 8 of 2020, and structural obstacles are inadequate human resources and disagreements in the Gakkumdu center, cultural obstacles are money politics culture, nepotism culture, and patron clients culture.
Non-Academic Theories in Historical Linguistics and Nationalist
Imagination in Europe (Problems of Coexistence and Mutual Influences)
Authors: Kirchanov Maksim 
Published: January 2022

The author analyzes the Paleolithic Continuity Theory and Neolithic creolization hypothesis as two approaches with a controversial reputation in the modern academic historical and linguistic communities. The author analyzes the main provi-
sions of the the Paleolithic Continuity Theory and Neolithic creolization hypothesis in the contexts of intellectual history and history of these ideas. Proponents of the analyzed theories deny and criticize the main archaeological and linguistic theories regarding the problems of the history of Old Europe, including the migration of Indo-Europeans and the processes of Indo-Europeanization of Europe. They insist on the autochthonous nature of the Indo-Europeans imagining Europe as their historical ancestral home and denying the fact of their migration
from the territory of the alleged ancestral home.
The Neolithic Creolization hypothesis is a compromise version of non-academic discourse; it synthesizes advocates’ ideas of autochthonism and migration of Indo-Europeans. Concepts of Paleolithic Continuity and Neolithic creolization became too popular among European right-wing intellectuals who synthesized them with the values and principles of nationalism and contributed to the academicization of nationalist imagination.
Swiss F.I. Yaggi as the Perfect Executive Manager of the Noble Estate in the Post-Reform Period
Authors: Tikhonova Anastasiya 
Published: January 2022

Based on published and archival sources, the biography of I.F. Yaggi, a Swiss businessman, is reconstructed in the article. He came to the Russian Empire in the late 1850s and worked as a cheese maker and cattle breeder in the estates of Kaluga, and
then Smolensk Governorates. From 1878 to 1903 F.I. Yaggi was manager of the estate belonged to Princess E.P. Urusova in Masalovo (Mosalovo, Mosolovo) in the Vyazem-
sky district of Smolensk Governorate. Like many of his compatriots, Yaggi was not a landowner, he rented the estate.
The article provides examples of Yaggi’s skillful housekeeping. An analysis of the reports of local and capital exhibitions shows that Simmental cattle, crops, Russian-Swiss cheese from Masalovo received awards and gained high appreciation of experts.
Due to his business reputation, Yaggi managed to become a cattle supplier from Switzerland by orders of the Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture of the
Russian Empire. The Smolensk estate was mentioned as exemplary in publications at the national level. After the death of the children and his wife, Yaggi returned to his
homeland. The article contains information about F.I. Yaggi’s nephew, who also worked for a long time as a cheese maker in Smolensk Governorate.
«The Right Deviation» in Soviet Land Institutions of Smolensk
in the 1928–1929s
Authors: Kuznetsov Maksim 
Published: January 2022

In 1929 Smolensk Party has been shaken because of disclosed «Smolensk scandal». «The Disclosure» measures touched almost every Party’s department and Soviet official branch.
Considering that main critics of Provincial government concerned violation of the class policy in the village, it is hardly surprising that inspecting institutions observed the situation in land institutions including those located in the centre of the
governorate (oblast) – the city of Smolensk.
Smolensk Governorate was agrarian region, so it had to keep up the pace of collectivization demonstrating at the same time stable results of growth in cultivation
of seed, flax and hemp. However, by 1928 the village faced real evidence of a crisis. The number of people’s migration to farms was dramatic. It led to fragmentation of peasants’ holdings of small size. Such a situation made no chance to succeed in
kolkhoz (sovkhoz) formation and consequently in increasing grain procurements As a result of disclosed «Smolensk scandal» and subsequent purge, inspectors turned their attention to the land institutions of the governorate (later – oblast),
because facts exposed obvious curvature of the Party’s policy and class approach. At the same time, inspectors had to find out if the curvature was caused by a blind execution of Provincial government commands or it was straight sabotage and a
mark of «The Right Deviation» in reality.
Even People’s Commissariat for Agriculture turned its attention to the «right cases» taking place at different levels of the land institutions. Purges and inspections
of the land institutions of Smolensk have been proceeded in 1928, 1929, and 1930. A closer study of records disclosed widespread abuses.
Linguistic Representation of V.G. Belinsky’s Value Priorities
(Based on Aphoristics)
Authors: Korolkova Angelika 
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the aphoristic heritage of V.G. Belinsky.
V.G. Belinsky’s name and his concept of «real art» are objectively considered nowadays within the history of literature of the 19th century. In his numerous works Belinsky developed the theoretical foundations of Russian realism proposed the principle of a new «real» aesthetics; in fact, he created a program
of contemporary art. In the corpus of Russian aphoristics, V.G. Belinsky’s sayings occupy a special place showing in synchrony a person’s ideological attitudes in the first half of the 19th century.
Belinsky’s sayings about criticism are widely known in Russian literature, but his aphorisms are not only about art, they are about the theory and history of literature, language, although it undoubtedly forms the ideological basis of the conceptual picture of the world, but also about love, family, friendship, the value
of human life, etc. V.G. Belinsky’s aphoristics, representing his linguistic picture of the world, also reflects his conceptual picture of the world. Belinsky’s aphorisms are
connected with the historical context of the epoch. They reflect it in synchrony, which suggests that extralinguistics seriously determined his value priorities. Belinsky, being one of the representatives of the Russian democratic intelligentsia of the first half of the 19th century, became an exponent of the moral
values of the Russian democratic society of his era. Belinsky’s aphorisms represent his value paradigm based on the life-affirming concepts of man (citizen), society, Motherland, the Russian language, love, and life.
Associates «Character» and «Nature»: Text Links with Deep Artistic and Psychological Characteristics of the Narrator’s Image in «Poor Lisa» by N.M. Karamzin
Authors: Krasnova Olga 
Published: January 2022

The study material in the article is the story «Poor Liza» by N.M. Karamzin. The subject includes the key word «character» and the key concept «nature» acting as the narrator’s explicated associates. The research purpose is to establish and analyze textual links (text signs) of the associative level with deep artistic psychological characteristics of the narrator’s image in the aspect of artistic-psychological sense generation, as well as to identify methods of activating the reader’s attention and creating an emotional response. The interdisciplinary research has been carried out at the junction of the psychological direction of literary criticism, communicative stylistics and psy-
chology. The mechanism of representation of the narrator’s value ideas, attitudes and beliefs is traced through 1) «multi-layered» associations concerning the system of his views. They are revealed through the artistic-psychological intercon-
nectedness and interdependence of the story characters; 2) a supporting element of the associative chain, as well as polysemy of the word-associate, superposition of meanings, semantic pulsation, inclusion in various artistic-psychological con-
texts implemented in the course of associative explication; 3) a dominant content of the associates, which is different for the characters and serves as an artisticpsychological basis for the formation of the narrator’s associations between them and their text fragments; 4) a structural-semantic construction of an associative chain related to one character, but containing representatives related to another character, which reveals the narrator’s perception of both characters. The results of the study carried out in this article can be used in research and teaching activities, 18th century literature courses, textbooks, special course programs.
About the Kaleidoscopicity of the «Confrontation» Concept in Discursive and Cultural Practices (Based on the German Language)
Authors: Trishina Mariya 
Published: January 2022

Within the framework of world globalization, weakening of the position of monolingualism and appearance of bi- and multilingualism, there is a need for the formation of new interdisciplinary directions studying the problem of «con-
frontation» of different languages in a particular territory.
The study demonstrates the interaction of such scientific areas as emotive linguoecology and migration linguistics. On their theoretical basis we analyze linguistic means representing the kaleidoscopic nature of the «opposition» concept. The concept and its components are described from the perspective of four discourses: political, police, journalistic and musical. The article determines the main projections of the confrontation discourse, key subjects and objects presented in conflict situations.
People’s Houses as Centers of Cultural and Educational Work
on the Eve of the Revolution and the First Years of Soviet Power
(Based on the Western Region of Russia)
Authors: Kozlov Oleg 
Published: January 2022

The article deals the process of creating people’s houses as centers of educational and cultural work for the adult population in the provinces (at the beginning of the 20th century and the first years of Soviet Power). The research is based on
archival sources The article considers the role of the public, government and party structure representatives in the organization of out-of-school education. It is noted that indi-
vidual landowners, representatives of zemstvo, organizers of cooperatives are initiators of people’s houses creation in the pre-revolutionary period. They could use cer-
tain financial resources for that purpose. The author notes that in the early years of Soviet Power, the workers themselves played a special role in organizing various local cultural and educational institutions. They themselves, without any instructions
from above, participated in prepairing and conducting mass cultural and propaganda events. Subsequently, the element of spontaneous organization of people’s houses gradually began to be replaced by planned work under the control of local
party and Soviet governing authorities. The article shows the dynamics of growth in the number of people’s houses
and other cultural institutions of the Western region of the RSFSR in the 1918–1921s. The author cites data according to which in the middle of 1921 there were 235 people’s houses in the Smolensk Governorate alone. Libraries, reading rooms, drama, art, music studios and various clubs worked there
Between the Rear and the Front. Smolensk Railway Workers, Home Front Workers of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Semenov Sergey 
Published: January 2022

he present article is devoted to Smolensk railwaymen’s career ladder in the 1941–1945s, their involvement in the evacuation, partisian struggle, fighting and restoration of the national economy. In addition, we consider the practice of award-
ing railway workers with medals «For Valorous Labor in the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945».
The author of the article has set a goal to reconstruct the history of Smolensk railwaymen’s participation in the war on the basis of regional documents and to analyse their recognition as home front workers. The source database includes documents of the State Archive of Smolensk Oblast (funds of the Smolensk Regional Executive Committee and the Western Railway); documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, that are published in the electronic database «Feat of the People»; materials of the history of railways in the Smolensk region during the war. The author has studied a large array of documents on awarding medals; service documents; correspondence on awarding issues.
The article analyzes the railway workers’ military and labor path during the war, as well as awarding them with medals.
The study demonstrates the role of Smolensk railway workers in achieving Victory and restoring the national economy. Moreover, the author has studied the circle of railway workers who were recognized as home front workers after the war
and were awarded with medals. The author believes that railway workers are the most prominent category of home front workers in the Smolensk region. They largely contributed to the success
of military operations and the restoration of the national economy in the region. It is concluded that the majority of railway workers who worked in the frontline areas were awarded with two main war medals, which is a unique case for a specific Soviet industry.
Spiritual Heritage as the Basis of Russian Civilizational Identity
Authors: Bogatchikova Karina , Vostrikov Sergey 
Published: January 2022

This article examines psychohistorical and ideological aspects of origin, formation and transformation of the system of spiritual and value orientations and ideals that form the basis of the socio-cultural code of Russian unique civilization in the rapidly changing world. The article is devoted to the analysis of a national system of basic moral values of Russia and the Russians, that has been formed over millennia, which, despite all the conflicts in history has stood the test of time, although it has un-
dergone serious deformations. In the course of comparative-historical comparative analysis concerning the history of Russian unique civilization formation, the article reveals features of Russian spirituality further development.
The circumstances of the modern period make it vital to preserve the national historical heritage, strengthen spiritual foundations, protect the Russian language and literature from decay, preserve the people’s identity «matrix», a cultural code of our civilization, the system of life-affirming ideals and values laid down by our ancestors millenniums ago. As a result, they have adapted it to the changing conditions of life.
The Concept of Good in Boris Vasilyev’s Works
Authors: Radionova Alla 
Published: January 2022

The article considers a metatext formed from the contexts of different B. Vasilyev’s works with the nuclear concept of «good». It is concluded that he reveals the concept of the opposition of the true good and its imitation. The first is a natural need, it is not subject to measurement, but performed uncontrollably,
spontaneously and realized without a specially set goal in a natural way in everyday human life: in caring for parents, children, home, friends, neighbors. The idea of it comes from the external natural world, artistic creativity, the experience
of ancestors preserved in folklore. It slowly matures in a person, developing his / her ability to sacrifice, manifests itself in creating benefits for others, it unites people, combines with wisdom, compassion, and cheerfulness. False good is worse than evil. It is an artificial construction of consciousness, it is measured out of necessity, controlled, implemented in specially orga-
nized, planned actions for the purpose of extracting good. The idea of it is a product of corrupted human consciousness. Like a contagious disease, it is perceived by the individual in the form of petty-bourgeois social cliches, a set of ready-made
formulas for philistine happiness and manifests itself in the production of good for oneself, separating people and combining with cunning. It can be sold and exchanged as a commodity.
In the manifestations of the truly good, cheerfulness and tragic sufferingare brought together as much as possible. This creates a high level of tension in the plot action, thanks to which the line separating the true good and its imitation most clearly emerges.
Eksistensi Pendidikan dan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia Pra dan Pasca Kemerdekaan
Authors: Sofyan Sofyan 
Published: January 2022

<p><em>Sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia mengalami pergerakan yang sangat signifikan dari jumlah maupun eksistensinya di masyarakat. Pendidikan tidak hanya dianggap sebagai sebuah keperluan pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat, akan tetapi sudah berkembang menjadi sebuah gaya hidup bagi masyarakatnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ialah agar mengetahuai hadirnya</em><em> pendidikan dan lembaga pendidikan Islam di Indonesia pra dan pasca kemerdekaan. </em><em>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research dengan jenis penelitian analaisis sejarah. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan pelacakan sumber literatur sejarah dari buku dan video sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia. </em><em>Pencarian data menggunakan library research dengan mengumpulkan tulisan yang berkaitan dengan judul ini dari berbagai sumber dan dianalisis dengan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa pendidikan Islam pra kemerdekaan dimulai dari pendidikan Islam pada masa Belanda dan Jepang. Pendidikan Islam pasca kemerdekaan meliputi pendidikan Islam era orde lama, orde baru dan era reformasi.</em><em> Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap kajian pendidikan Islam di Indonesia khususnya tentang perkembangan lembaga pendidikan Islam pra dan pasca kemerdekaan. </em></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN THE LIVER AND THE HEART OF QUAILS DURING THE EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOSIS OF IRON(IV) CLATROCHELATE
Authors: Borisevych B. V. , Lysova V. V. , Derkach I. M. , Derkach S. S. , Dukhnytsky V. B. , Tyshkivska A. M. 
Published: January 2022

Iron(IV) clatrochelate is a unique compound because it contains iron in a rare high valence ˗ IV. It is characterized by high stability at high temperatures, different pH values etc. The studies of acute and chronic toxicity of this compound, started for the first time in Ukraine, have the important theoretical and practical significance, as this complex can be recommended as an active substance in iron-containing drugs with antianemic action.
We investigated the acute and chronic toxicity of Iron(IV) based on a macrocyclic ligand of the hexahydrazide type for white mice, white rats and quails. Iron(IV) clatrochelate corresponds to hazard class III according to the classification of chemicals by degree of danger (GOST 12.1.007-76), and class IV and degree of toxicity ˗ "low-toxic substances" according to the classification of substances by toxicity. Thus, the average lethal dose of Iron(IV) clatrochelate for quails when administered orally is 764.3 ± 32.71 mg / kg body weight.
Preclinical studies of new drugs include microscopic studies. It was found that under conditions of experimental intoxication with Iron(IV) clathrochelate, quails develop pathological changes that correlate with the dose of the test compound. The higher the dose, the more severe the lesions. The available changes in the liver and heart on histological examination indicated a violation of metabolic processes in the body of quails of the experimental groups, which used Iron(IV) clatrochelate.
This compound causes a significant disruption of protein metabolism, which during acute poisoning with this compound leads to the formation of areas of destruction and necrosis of the heart muscle, and during chronic ˗ to the granular dystrophy and partial destruction of muscle fibers sarcoplasm with disruption of their relationship. Microscopically noticeable changes do not occur in the endocardium and epicardium.