bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Base‐free synthesis of bio‐derived 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid using SBA‐15 supported heteropoly acids in ionic liquids
Authors: Chen. Ruru , Zhao Qiu , Yan Dongxia , Xin Jiayu , Lu Xingmei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a green and renewable substitute to terephthalic acid (TPA), the fundamental monomer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. This work investigated novel supported Keggin phosphormolybdic acids (HPMs) for the synthesis of FDCA from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in imidazole ionic liquids. Among four supporters, Al2O3, SiO2, ZSM‐5 and SBA‐15, SBA‐15 exhibited highest stability and specific surface area 507 m2/g. FDCA yield achieved 76 % by using HPM/SBA‐15, and maintained 60 % after 5 runs. Particularly, [Bmim]Cl ionic liquid was stable both in thermal and chemical properties by confirmation of FTIR and NMR. HPM/SBA‐15 was also employed in different monosaccharides to FDCA, and led to acceptable yields. A moderate FDCA yield of 34 % from glucose was obtained, revealing a great potential of one‐pot synthesis of FDCA from renewable and accessible carbohydrates.
Dual Activation of Carboxylic Acid Functionality by Protic Ionic Liquid: Solvent and Metal Free Strategy for Selective Esterification of Alcohols and Acylation of Aromatic Amines
Authors: Das Kamal , Majumdar Swapan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly efficient and chemoselective esterification of alcohols and acylation of aromatic amines with carboxylic acids using imidazolium based protic ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐imidazolium trifluoroacetate ([HBIm]TFA) as activator has been realized under organic volatile solvent free condition. The protic ionic liquid played dual role for activation of carboxylic acid which was proved by NMR study. A very interesting aspect of the present protocol is the acylation of less basic aromatic amines than the more reactive aliphatic amines as the later one forms salt with carboxylic acid. Our methodology offers several advantages like high yield, fast, efficient, chemo‐selectivity, metal and other coupling agent free procedure, recyclability of ionic liquid used and formation of water as the only by‐product.
Palladium Mediated Selective Cleavage of Benzyl and Allyl Phosphates: A Convenient Non‐Hydrogenolytic Method for the Synthesis of Phosphates and Phospholipids.
Authors: Mart Alson , Sarkar Nitai N. , Shashidhar Mysore S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPalladium(II) hydroxide on carbon is a catalyst routinely used for the cleavage of O‐benzyl groups by hydrogenolysis to obtain the corresponding parent organic compound. The work described in this article shows that allyl and benzyl phosphates, can be cleaved efficiently and selectively using palladium(II) hydroxide on carbon, under non‐hydrogenolytic and neutral conditions, precluding the migration of acyl groups. The utility of these cleavage reactions for the synthesis of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, containing unsaturation, is demonstrated. These methods have high potential for the synthesis of a variety of phosphates and natural phospholipids.
Electrochemical Sensing of Arsenic Ions Using a Covalently Functionalized Benzotriazole‐Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Modified Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Gunasekaran Balu Mahendran , Rayappan John Bosco Balaguru , Rajendran Ganesh Kumar , Gopalakrishnan Gopu , Nesakumar Noel , Muthiah Senthilkumar , Sivanesan Jothi Ramalingam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein,Tecoma stans(TS) flower extract was used as an efficient green reducing agent for graphene oxide (GO) to produce reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the first time. The organic heterocyclic benzotriazole (BTA) was incorporated onto the rGO surface through a nucleophilic substitution reaction to produce covalently bonded BTA‐rGO. The prepared materials were analyzed by UV‐visible spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction measurements (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified with BTA‐rGO. The fabricated electrode was electrochemically analyzed by using K3[Fe (CN)6] as a redox probe. To evaluate the sensing ability of BTA‐rGO/SPCE electrode towards arsenic ions using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry techniques. The BTA functional was play the major role in significant improving the conductivity and sensitivity of the designed electrode. The BTA‐rGO/SPCE modified electrode demonstrates voltammetric determination of As3+ions with a limit of detection, high sensitivity, and linear range values of 2.89 nM, 1.8 μA nM−1, and 2–40 nM, respectively. Furthermore, all of these impressive results indicate that BTA‐rGO can be used as an electrode‐material with capability for electrochemical arsenic sensors. The fabricated sensors showed repeatability and reproducibility in this study.
Self‐Assembled Artificial DNA Nanocompartments and Their Bioapplications
Authors: Huang Jing , Gambietz Sabrina , Saccà Barbara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompartmentalization is the strategy evolved by nature to control reactions in space and time. The ability to emulate this strategy through synthetic compartmentalization systems has rapidly evolved in the past years, accompanied by an increasing understanding of the effects of spatial confinement on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the guest molecules. DNA nanotechnology has played a pivotal role in this scientific endeavor and is still one of the most promising approaches for the construction of nanocompartments with programmable structural features and nanometer‐scaled addressability. In this review, the design approaches, bioapplications, and theoretical frameworks of self‐assembled DNA nanocompartments are surveyed. From DNA polyhedral cages to virus‐like capsules, the construction principles of such intriguing architectures are illustrated. Various applications of DNA nanocompartments, including their use for programmable enzyme scaffolding, single‐molecule studies, biosensing, and as artificial nanofactories, ending with an ample description of DNA nanocages for biomedical purposes, are then reported. Finally, the theoretical hypotheses that make DNA nanocompartments, and nanosystems in general, a topic of great interest in modern science, are described and the progresses that have been done until now in the comprehension of the peculiar phenomena that occur within nanosized environments are summarized.
On the existence of global‐in‐time weak solutions and scaling laws for Kolmogorov's two‐equation model for turbulence
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Naumann Joachim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with Kolmogorov's two‐equation model for turbulence in involving the mean velocity u, the pressure p, an average frequency , and a mean turbulent kinetic energy k. We consider the system with space‐periodic boundary conditions in a cube , which is a good choice for studying the decay of free turbulent motion sufficiently far away from boundaries. In particular, this choice is compatible with the rich set of similarity transformations for turbulence. The main part of this work consists in proving existence of global weak solutions of this model. For this we approximate the system by adding a suitable regularizing r‐Laplacian and invoke existence result for evolutionary equations with pseudo‐monotone operators. An important point constitutes the derivation of pointwise a priori estimates for ω (upper and lower) and k (only lower) that are independent of the box size a, thus allow us to control the parabolicity of the diffusion operators.
ALYREF, a novel factor involved in breast carcinogenesis, acts through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms selectively regulating the short NEAT1 isoform
Authors: Klec Christiane , Knutsen Erik , Schwarzenbacher Daniela , Jonas Katharina , Pasculli Barbara , Heitzer Ellen , Rinner Beate , Krajina Katarina , Prinz Felix , Gottschalk Benjamin , Ulz Peter , Deutsch Alexander , Prokesch Andreas , Jahn Stephan W. , Lellahi S. Mohammad , Perander Maria , Barbano Raffaela , Graier Wolfgang F. , Parrella Paola , Calin George Adrian , Pichler Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe RNA-binding protein ALYREF (THOC4) is involved in transcriptional regulation and nuclear mRNA export, though its role and molecular mode of action in breast carcinogenesis are completely unknown. Here, we identified high ALYREF expression as a factor for poor survival in breast cancer patients. ALYREF significantly influenced cellular growth, apoptosis and mitochondrial energy metabolism in breast cancer cells as well as breast tumorigenesis in orthotopic mouse models. Transcriptional profiling, phenocopy and rescue experiments identified the short isoform of the lncRNANEAT1as a molecular trigger for ALYREF effects in breast cancer. Mechanistically, we found that ALYREF binds to theNEAT1promoter region to enhance the globalNEAT1transcriptional activity. Importantly, by stabilizing CPSF6, a protein that selectively activates the post-transcriptional generation of the short isoform ofNEAT1, as well as by direct binding and stabilization of the short isoform ofNEAT1,ALYREF selectively fine-tunes the expression of the shortNEAT1isoform. Overall, our study describes ALYREF as a novel factor contributing to breast carcinogenesis and identifies novel molecular mechanisms of regulation the two isoforms ofNEAT1.
Lord Rayleigh’s Conjecture for Vibrating Clamped Plates in Positively Curved Spaces
Authors: Kristály Alexandru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe affirmatively solve the analogue of Lord Rayleigh’s conjecture on Riemannian manifolds with positive Ricci curvature for any clamped plates in 2 and 3 dimensions, and for sufficiently large clamped plates in dimensions beyond 3. These results complement those from the flat (Ashbaugh and Benguria in Duke Math J 78(1):1–17, 1995; Nadirashvili in Arch Ration Mech Anal 129(1):1–10, 1995) and negatively curved (Kristály in Adv Math 367:107113, 2020) cases that are valid only in 2 and 3 dimensions, and at the same time also provide the first positive answer to Lord Rayleigh’s conjecture in higher dimensions. The proofs rely on an Ashbaugh–Benguria–Nadirashvili–Talenti nodal-decomposition argument, on the Lévy–Gromov isoperimetric inequality, on fine properties of Gaussian hypergeometric functions and on sharp spectral gap estimates of fundamental tones for both small and large clamped spherical caps. Our results show that positive curvature enhances genuine differences between low- and high-dimensional settings, a tacitly accepted paradigm in the theory of vibrating clamped plates. In the limit case—when the Ricci curvature is non-negative we establish a Lord Rayleigh-type isoperimetric inequality that involves the asymptotic volume ratio of the non-compact complete Riemannian manifold; moreover, the inequality is strongly rigid in 2 and 3 dimensions, i.e., if equality holds for a given clamped plate then the manifold is isometric to the Euclidean space.
An Incidence Estimate and a Furstenberg Type Estimate for Tubes in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$
Authors: Fu Yuqiu , Gan Shengwen , Ren Kevin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the $$\delta $$
δ
-discretized Szemerédi–Trotter theorem and Furstenberg set problem. We prove sharp estimates for both two problems assuming tubes satisfy some spacing condition. For both problems, we construct sharp examples that share common features.
Surface Gravity of Compact Non-degenerate Horizons Under the Dominant Energy Condition
Authors: Gurriaran Sebastian , Minguzzi Ettore 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe prove that under the dominant energy condition any non-degenerate smooth compact totally geodesic horizon admits a smooth tangent vector field of constant non-zero surface gravity. This result generalizes previous work by Isenberg and Moncrief, and by Bustamante and Reiris to the non-vacuum case, the vacuum case being given a largely independent proof. Moreover, we prove that any such achronal non-degenerate horizon is actually a Cauchy horizon bounded on one side by a chronology violating region.
Decadal Methane Emission Trend Inferred from Proxy GOSAT XCH4 Retrievals: Impacts of Transport Model Spatial Resolution
Authors: Zhu Sihong , Feng Liang , Liu Yi , Wang Jing , Yang Dongxu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent studies, proxy XCH4 retrievals from the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) have been used to constrain top-down estimation of CH4 emissions. Still, the resulting interannual variations often show significant discrepancies over some of the most important CH4 source regions, such as China and Tropical South America, by causes yet to be determined. This study compares monthly CH4 flux estimates from two parallel assimilations of GOSAT XCH4 retrievals from 2010 to 2019 based on the same Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) framework but with the global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem v12.5) being run at two different spatial resolutions of 4° × 5° (R4, lon × lat) and 2° × 2.5° (R2, lon × lat) to investigate the effects of resolution-related model errors on the derived long-term global and regional CH4 emission trends. We found that the mean annual global methane emission for the 2010s is 573.04 Tg yr−1 for the inversion using the R4 model, which becomes about 4.4 Tg yr−1 less (568.63 Tg yr−1) when a finer R2 model is used, though both are well within the ensemble range of the 22 top-down results (2008–17) included in the current Global Carbon Project (from 550 Tg yr−1 to 594 Tg yr−1). Compared to the R2 model, the inversion based on the R4 tends to overestimate tropical emissions (by 13.3 Tg yr which is accompanied by a general underestimation (by 8.9 Tg yr−1) in the extratropics. Such a dipole reflects differences in tropical-mid-latitude air exchange in relation to the model’s convective and advective schemes at different resolutions. The two inversions show a rather consistent long-term CH4 emission trend at the global scale and over most of the continents, suggesting that the observed rapid increase in atmospheric methane can largely be attributed to the emission growth from North Africa (1.79 Tg yr−2 for R4 and 1.29 Tg yr−2 for R2) and South America Temperate (1.08 Tg yr−2 for R4 and 1.21 Tg yr−2 for R2) during the first half of the 2010s, and from Eurasia Boreal (1.46 Tg yr−2 for R4 and 1.63 Tg yr−2 for R2) and Tropical South America (1.72 Tg yr−2 for R4 and 1.43 Tg yr−2 for R2) over 2015–19. In the meantime, emissions in Europe have shown a consistent decrease over the past decade. However, the growth rates by the two parallel inversions show significant discrepancies over Eurasia Temperate, South America Temperate, and South Africa, which are also the places where recent GOSAT inversions usually disagree with one other.
Aberrant NOVA1 function disrupts alternative splicing in early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Krach Florian , Wheeler Emily C. , Regensburger Martin , Boerstler Tom , Wend Holger , Vu Anthony Q. , Wang Ruth , Reischl Stephanie , Boldt Karsten , Batra Ranjan , Aigner Stefan , Ravits John , Winkler Juergen , Yeo Gene W. , Winner Beate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by aberrant alternative splicing (AS). Nuclear loss and cytoplasmic accumulation of the splicing factor TDP-43 in motor neurons (MN) are hallmarks of ALS at late stages of the disease. However, it is unknown if altered AS is present before TDP-43 pathology occurs. Here, we investigate altered AS and its origins in early stages of ALS using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons (MNs) from sporadic and familial ALS patients. We find high levels of the RNA-binding proteins NOVA1, NOVA2, and RBFOX2 in the insoluble protein fractions and observe that AS events in ALS-associated MNs are enriched for binding sites of these proteins. Our study points to an early disrupted function of NOVA1 that drives AS changes in a complex fashion, including events caused by a consistent loss of NOVA1 function. NOVA1 exhibits increased cytoplasmic protein levels in early stage MNs without TDP-43 pathology in ALS postmortem tissue. As nuclear TDP-43 protein level depletes, NOVA1 is reduced. Potential indications for a reduction of NOVA1 also came from mice over-expressing TDP-43 lacking its nuclear localization signal and iPSC-MN stressed with puromycin. This study highlights that additional RBP-RNA perturbations in ALS occur in parallel to TDP-43.
Mapping Research Domain Criteria using a transdiagnostic mini-RDoC assessment in mental disorders: a confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Förstner Bernd R. , Tschorn Mira , Reinoso-Schiller Nicolas , Maričić Lea Mascarell , Röcher Erik , Kalman Janos L. , Stroth Sanna , Mayer Annalina V. , Schwarz Kristina , Kaiser Anna , Pfennig Andrea , Manook André , Ising Marcus , Heinig Ingmar , Pittig Andre , Heinz Andreas , Mathiak Klaus , Schulze Thomas G. , Schneider Frank , Kamp-Becker Inge , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Padberg Frank , Banaschewski Tobias , Bauer Michael , Rupprecht Rainer , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Rapp Michael A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to build on the relationship of well-established self-report and behavioral assessments to the latent constructs positive (PVS) and negative valence systems (NVS), cognitive systems (CS), and social processes (SP) of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework in a large transnosological population which cuts across DSM/ICD-10 disorder criteria categories. One thousand four hundred and thirty one participants (42.1% suffering from anxiety/fear-related, 18.2% from depressive, 7.9% from schizophrenia spectrum, 7.5% from bipolar, 3.4% from autism spectrum, 2.2% from other disorders, 18.4% healthy controls, and 0.2% with no diagnosis specified) recruited in studies within the German research network for mental disorders for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) were examined with a Mini-RDoC-Assessment including behavioral and self-report measures. The respective data was analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to delineate the underlying latent RDoC-structure. A revised four-factor model reflecting the core domains positive and negative valence systems as well as cognitive systems and social processes showed a good fit across this sample and showed significantly better fit compared to a one factor solution. The connections between the domains PVS, NVS and SP could be substantiated, indicating a universal latent structure spanning across known nosological entities. This study is the first to give an impression on the latent structure and intercorrelations between four core Research Domain Criteria in a transnosological sample. We emphasize the possibility of using already existing and well validated self-report and behavioral measurements to capture aspects of the latent structure informed by the RDoC matrix.
Acute serum free thiols: a potentially modifiable biomarker of oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Visser Koen , van der Horn Harm Jan , Bourgonje Arno R. , Jacobs Bram , de Borst Martin H. , Vos Pieter E. , Bulthuis Marian L. C. , van Goor Harry , van der Naalt Joukje 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSerum concentrations of free thiols (key components of the extracellular antioxidant machinery) reflect the overall redox status of the human body. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine the concentrations of serum free thiols in the acute phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their association with long-term outcome. In this observational cohort study, patients with TBI of various severity were included from a biobank of prospectively enrolled TBI patients. Further eligibility criteria included an available blood sample and head computed tomography data, obtained within 24 h of injury, as well as a functional outcome assessment (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE)) at 6 months post-injury. Serum free thiol concentrations were markedly lower in patients with TBI (n = 77) compared to healthy controls (n = 55) (mean ± standard deviation; 210.3 ± 63.3 vs. 301.8 ± 23.9 μM, P < 0.001) indicating increased oxidative stress. Concentrations of serum free thiols were higher in patients with complete functional recovery (GOSE = 8) than in patients with incomplete recovery (GOSE < 8) (median [interquartile range]; 235.7 [205.1–271.9] vs. 205.2 [173–226.7] μM, P = 0.016), suggesting that patients with good recovery experience less oxidative stress in the acute phase after TBI or have better redox function. Acute TBI is accompanied by a markedly lower concentration of serum free thiols compared to healthy controls indicating that serum free thiols may be a novel biomarker of TBI. Future studies are warranted to validate our findings and explore the clinical applicability and prognostic capability of this candidate-biomarker.
Multiple regression analyses to determine the effect of sweating rate and tattoo characteristics on sweat outcome measures during exercise
Authors: Keyes David M. , Brown Shyretha D. , King Michelle A. , Engel Megan D. , Ciciora-Gold Matthew , Chavez Peter John D. De , Baker Lindsay B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare local sweating rate (LSR) and local sweat sodium ([Na+]), chloride ([Cl−]), and potassium ([K+]) concentrations of tattooed skin and contralateral non-tattooed skin during exercise.

Methods
Thirty-three recreational exercisers (17 men, 16 women) with ≥ 1 unilateral permanent tattoo on the torso/arms were tested during cycling, running, or fitness sessions (26 ± 4 °C and 54 ± 13% relative humidity). Forty-eight tattoos with a range of ink colors, ages (3 weeks to 20 years), and densities (10–100%) were included. Before exercise, the skin was cleaned with alcohol and patches (3 M Tegaderm + Pad) were placed on the tattooed and contralateral non-tattooed skin. LSR was calculated from sweat mass (0.80 ± 0.31 g), patch surface area (11.9 cm2), and duration (62 ± 14 min). Sweat [Na+], [Cl−], and [K+] were measured via ion chromatography.

Results
Based on the analysis of variance results, there were no differences between tattooed and non-tattooed skin for LSR (1.16 ± 0.52 vs. 1.12 ± 0.53 mg/cm2/min; p = 0.51), sweat [Na+] (60.2 ± 23.5 vs. 58.5 ± 22.7 mmol/L; p = 0.27), sweat [Cl−] (52.1 ± 22.4 vs. 50.6 ± 22.0 mmol/L; p = 0.31), or sweat [K+] (5.8 ± 1.6 vs. 5.9 ± 1.4 mmol/L; p = 0.31). Multiple regression analyses suggested that younger tattoos were associated with higher sweat [Na+] (p = 0.045) and colorful tattoos were associated with higher sweat [Cl−] (p = 0.04) compared with contralateral non-tattooed skin. Otherwise, there were no effects of LSR or tattoo characteristics on regression models for LSR or sweat electrolyte concentrations.

Conclusion
There were no effects of tattoos on LSR and sweat [K+] during exercise-induced sweating, but tattoo age and color had small effects on sweat [Na+] and sweat [Cl−], respectively.

Clinical trial identifiers
NCT04240951 was registered on January 27, 2020 and NCT04920266 was registered on June 9, 2021.