bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Anatomy Series
Authors: Ughwanogho Uvieoghene O. , Taber Katherine H. , Chiou-Tan Faye Y. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The human corpus callosum (CC) is a primary commissural tract in the brain and serves as a major communication pathway between the cerebral hemispheres.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to enhance understanding of the anatomic structure, topographic organization, function, and clinical relevance of the CC.

Methods:
To achieve this, we reviewed the literature for pertinent histological, anatomical, and advanced neuroimaging studies, and the findings were synthesized to provide the basis for the creation of novel color-coded schematic diagrams.

Results:
A standard midline sagittal magnetic resonance image was used to illustrate schematics of the CC partitioned into seven anatomic segments and the vascular supply of the CC from the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation. We further highlighted the microstructural features across each segment of the CC as well as the topographical organization of callosal fibers in connection with cortical regions of the brain. Finally, we applied these visual summaries as a guide for the discussion of the clinical relevance of the CC.

Summary:
Understanding the microstructural properties and related functional capacities of the CC is critical to understanding its clinical relevance. Consequently, having a clear and concise visual representation of complex callosal microstructural and anatomical features may be useful to the rehabilitation clinician in understanding overall clinical patterns seen in healthy populations across all ages and patients with neurologic injuries and pathologies with possible callosal involvement.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Effect of Ultrasound-Guided, Single-Dose Platelet-Rich Plasma and Corticosteroid Injection in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Benny Reni , Venkataraman Srikumar , Chanu Asem Rangita , Singh U. , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Lingaiah Raghavendra 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may aid functional recovery in compressive neuropathies.

Objective:
To compare the effect of autologous PRP with corticosteroid injection in patients with refractory carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Materials and Methods:
This was a randomized controlled trial on 84 adults, who received either single-dose, ultrasound-guided PRP or corticosteroid. Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and cross-sectional area of median nerve were assessed at 0, 4, and 12 weeks.

Results:
A statistically significant 54.76% improvement (P < 0.05) in functional status was observed in both the groups at 12 weeks.

Conclusion:
PRP is as effective as corticosteroids in relieving pain and improving function in CTS.
A comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of six natural products in comparison to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Abuljadayel Jameel Abdulsalam , Shafei Jamal Suhail , Fairaq Mooayad A. , Mirza Ammar F. , Samman Abdulelah N. Bin , Abdulshakoor Asim A. , Jalal Naif A. , Ashgar Sami S. , Al-Said Hamdi Mustafa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is known to play a key role in the etiology of constant endodontic infections. Recently, suggestions of natural alternatives to overcome the downsides of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) have been discussed in the literature.

Aims:
The present study investigates the antibacterial effect and compares the bacteria-killing time of six possible natural alternatives in comparison to 2.5% NaOCl, namely net Manuka Honey (MaH), crude black seed oil (BSO), 100% apple vinegar (AV), castor oil, crude sesame oil, and a novel plant extract (Bactil®).

Materials and Methods:
Agar well-diffusion assay was used to determine the antibacterial effect of the products against E. faecalis. Muller?Hinton broth (MH broth) was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Time-kill assay was performed to investigate the killing time required by the tested product to inhibit E. faecalis at 30, 60, 90, and 120 s.

Results:
Four out of the six tested products (crude BSO, 0.2% Bactil®, 100% AV, and net MH) exhibited an antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. While after MBC and MIC determination, only two of the products (0.4% BSO and 0.2% Bactil®) were able to inhibit the growth of E. faecalis within 30 s of exposure similar to the positive control 2.5% NaOCl.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, both 0.4% BSO and 0.2% Bactil® were as effective as 2.5% NaOCl against E. faecalis and could be suggested for further testing as promising natural alternatives to disinfect the root canal system.
Serum copper, zinc, and copper − zinc ratio in children with malaria
Authors: Jimoh Belinda Onosen , Fadipe Moyosoreoluwa Temiloluwa , Emokpae Mathias Abiodun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
Nutrition is not only vital to reducing the risk of individual's susceptibility to malaria infection but enhances the prevention and treatment of disease. Nutrition can also modify the course of malaria infection, especially among children.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of copper, zinc, and copper − zinc ratio in children with malaria infection and correlate same with parasite density.

Setting and Design:
A cross-sectional study of malaria-infected children randomly recruited from two secondary health institutions in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods:
A total of 200 malaria-infected children (age range 0.5–11 years, 113 (56.3%) males and 87 (43.7%) females were recruited in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic data. Blood sample was collected from each of the participants and malaria parasite density was determined using thick blood film. Serum zinc and copper were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The categorical and continuous data were compared using the Chi-square, unpaired Student's-test, and analysis of variance, respectively.

Results:
Serum copper was significantly higher among malaria-infected children than nonmalaria infected children, while zinc was significantly lower in malaria-infected subjects than controls. The copper/zinc ratio was significantly higher in malaria infected than nonmalaria infected children. Serum copper and copper/zinc ratio correlated positively while zinc correlated negatively with malaria parasite density.

Conclusion:
The observed significantly higher copper and copper/zinc ratio and lower zinc level may indicate oxidative stress, inflammation, and lower immune status in malaria infection.
Impact of Early Nephrology Referral on the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Alghamdi Maha K. , Alhozali Hanadi M. , Bokhary Omar A. , Ahmed Renad A. , Alghamdi Abdulrahman A. , Almalki Wejdan S. , Almutairi Omar A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with an increase in patient mortality and high rates of renal/non-renal complications. Late detection of the disease has been associated with worse prognosis, but no such study has been conducted from Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:
To assess the impact of early nephrology referral on the outcomes of patients with AKI.

Methods:
This retrospective record review included all adult patients (≥18 years) with AKI who were referred to the Nephrology Department at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between May 2019 and July 2020. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. AKI patients evaluated by nephrologists were stratified into early referral group (i.e., referral in <48 h from the first detection of AKI) and late referral group (referral ≥48 h after the first detection of AKI).

Results:
A total of 400 patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 264 (66%) were early referrals. A significant association was found between delayed referral and mortality rates and length of hospital stay (for both,P= 0.001). Late referral was also significantly associated with increased likeliness of the need for renal replacement therapy (P = 0.037) and sepsis (P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
The outcomes were worse for patients with AKI receiving late referrals to nephrologists. Raising the awareness of AKI among non-nephrologists would likely increase the proportion of earlier referrals.
Pattern of contraceptive choice among clients attending a tertiary health institution in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Aworinde Olufemi Opeyemi , Adekanle Daniel Adebode , Ilori Oluwatosin , Adeyemi Adewale Samson 
Published: August 2022

Background:
There is no ideal contraceptive method; therefore, likelihood of method choice shifts among clients from time to time.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the most chosen modern contraceptive method, and the factors influencing that choice among clients attending a relatively new tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigerian.

Methods:
A retrospective review of the case records of clients attending the family planning clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria, from January 2012 to December 2017.

Results:
Six hundred and twenty-nine clients accessed modern contraceptive methods during the study period. Their age ranged between 15 and 50 years with a mean of 33.0 ± 12.93. Most of the clients were married 616 (97.9%), had postsecondary education 405 (64.4%), and were of Christian faith 460 (73.1%). Progestogen-only injectable was the mostly chosen by the clients 228 (36.2%), and this is followed by intrauterine contraceptive device 186 (29.6%). Child spacing was the most common reason for contraception by the clients 357 (56.8%). Parity, postpartum contraception, previous contraceptive use, outcome of last delivery, mode of delivery of antecedent pregnancy, and educational status were all significantly associated with the mostly chosen method.

Conclusion:
Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive is the mostly chosen method among the clients, and this is a shift from what is obtained in southwestern Nigeria where intrauterine contraceptive device used to be the modern contraception method of choice.
Association between hormonal contraceptive use and derangement of lipid profile among women attending Muhoza Health Center, Rwanda
Authors: Habyarimana Thierry , Yadufashije Callixte , Mukantwali Vestine , Nshimiyinana Alexis , Niyonzima Francois , Yamukujije Clementine , Mucumbitsi Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Contraception is a method used to prevent unwanted pregnancies and child spacing. Although the method is beneficial in over birth control and stabilization of population explosion, the hormonal components of used drugs have been shown to generate many sides' effects among users.

Aim and Objective:
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) on lipid profile among women attending family planning services at Muhoza Health Center, Rwanda.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study and purposive sampling was used to select study participants among HC users, although simple random sampling was used to select study participants of nonusers. A total of 88 participants were recruited and among them, 57 were HC users, while 31 were nonusers known as controls. Blood sample was collected after the consent of the participant accepting to participate in the study. Collected blood samples were analyzed to evaluate parameters of the lipid profiles, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by using Humalyzer plus at INES-Ruhengeri clinical biochemistry laboratory.

Results:
Findings of this study show a high risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among the exposed group compared to controls. Association was found in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (odds ratio [OR] = 11 > 1), TC (OR = 14 > 1) and TG (OR = 2.8 > 1). The high risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among users compared to controls was observed in LDL-C and TC. HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.8 < 1) showed that there is no risk of developing abnormal lipid profile among users and controls. Implant (χ
2 = 10, df = 3, P = 0.018397 < 0.05) was statistically significant to affect all studied lipid profile parameters while TC (χ
2 = 20.88, df = 3, P = 0.000111 <0.05) was statistically significant to be affected by all HCs studied among users.

Conclusion:
Lipid profile is affected by HCs among users. Most of the studied lipid profile parameters were seen to be affected by HC use. HC users should be followed up as dyslipidemia could lead to different health conditions.
Overall and Gender-Specific Effects of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria with Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies among Schoolchildren in Mali: A Three-Group Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maiga Hamma , Opondo Charles , Chico R. Matthew , Cohee Lauren M. , Sagara Issaka , Traore Oumar B. , Tekete Mamadou , Dara Antoine , Traore Zoumana I. , Diarra Modibo , Coumare Samba , Kodio Aly , Bamadio Amadou , Sidibe Bouran , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Djimde Abdoulaye A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among schoolchildren (IPTsc) reduces clinical malaria, asymptomatic parasitemia, and anemia. The effects of IPTsc by gender have not been studied longitudinally. We investigated overall IPTsc efficacy and conducted a secondary analysis to explore gender-specific differences. We enrolled schoolchildren aged 6–13 years in an open-label, rolling-cohort randomized controlled trial between September 2007 and February 2013 in Kolle, Mali. Annually, schoolchildren received two full-treatment courses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus artesunate, or amodiaquine (AQ) plus artesunate, or no malaria treatment as control. We used mixed-effects generalized linear models to estimate differences in treatment outcomes across groups with interaction terms to explore gender-specific differences associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection, hemoglobin, and grade point averages (GPA) based on standardized testing. Overall, 305 students contributed 4,564 observations. Compared with the control, SP plus artesunate and AQ plus artesunate reduced the odds of P. falciparum infection (odds ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.26–0.43; OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.36–0.59). We found strong evidence of increased mean hemoglobin concentrations (g/dL) in the SP plus artesunate group versus control (difference +0.37, 95% CI: 0.13–0.58). Collectively, schoolchildren given AQ plus artesunate had higher mean GPA (difference +0.36, 95% CI: 0.02–0.69) relative to control. Schoolgirls, compared with schoolboys, given SP plus artesunate had greater improvement in GPA (+0.50, 95% CI: −0.02 to 1.02 versus −0.27, 95% CI: −0.71 to 0.16); interaction P = 0.048, respectively. The IPTsc decreases P. falciparum infections in schoolchildren. Treatment regimens that include longer-acting drugs may be more effective at decreasing malaria-related anemia and improving educational outcomes as observed among girls in this setting.
Case Report: Acral Melanoma with Giant Local Recurrence in Rural Sierra Leone
Authors: Putnam Harry , Turnbull Alexandra , Bangura James , Kitsanta Panagiota , Grobusch Martin P. , Dubbink Jan H. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Malignant melanoma is rare in West Africa. Few cases of giant melanoma have been reported globally. We present a case of acral melanoma with giant local recurrence on the foot of a black-skinned woman from rural Sierra Leone, managed with below-knee amputation. Atypical, late presentation, poor access to diagnostics, and underreporting may contribute to underappreciation of melanoma as a healthcare problem in West Africa. This case highlights the need for improved cancer and skin health surveillance structures in West Africa—most importantly, increasing access to histopathology.
Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 Untuk Klasifikasi Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada Jasa Layanan Pengiriman
Authors: Telaumbanua Destalmawati , Kurniawati Ika 
Published: August 2022

Pelayanan yang berkualitas akan memberikan kepuasan dan meningkatkan loyalitas bagi para pelanggan, bagi perusahaan kualitas layanan menjadi salah satu indikator untuk dapat bersaing dan mempertahankan eksistensi perusahan khususnya pada jasa layanan pengiriman barang yang semakin berkembang. Klasifikasi kepuasan pelanggan atas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh jasa layanan pengiriman menggunakan algoritma C4.5 dengan konsep dasar dari pohon keputusan yaitu mengubah data menjadi sebuah model pohon keputusan, menjadi rule dan menyederhanakan rule. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membentuk model klasifikasi pohon keputusan dengan menganalisa kepuasan pelanggan PT. JNE Agen Arcadia. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pelanggan merasa puas terhadap indikator Bukti Fisik, Keandalan, dan Jaminan. Sedangkan Empati dan ketanggapan menjadi indikator kelemahan pelayanan. Hasil penelitian ini Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan referensi oleh PT.JNE Agen Arcadia untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap pelayanan khususnya indikator empati dan ketanggapan agar dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan.
PENGEMBANGAN VIRTUAL LAB PRODUKSI ANIMASI STOP MONTION POLITEKNIK NEGERI MEDIA KREATIF
Authors: Supiyanti Tri Fajar Yurmama 
Published: August 2022

Selama pademi COVID-19, Polimedia menjalankan pembelajaran secara online dengan media SIAM Polimedia dan beberapa media komunikasi digital lainnya. Ditemukan beberapa kendala yang di hadapi saat proses pembelajaran, pada 60% mata kuliah praktikum yang dimiliki oleh setiap program studi. Hal ini terjadi karena beberapa faktor seperti mahapeserta didik tidak dapat melalukan praktikum secara langsung atau hanya dari video streaming atau video tutorial yang satu arah dan tidak semua dosen mata kuliah praktikum mampu membuat konsep media pembelajaran online yang sesuai, sehingga Capaian Pembelajaran dari mata kuliah tidak dapat terpenuhi. Menanggapi permasalahan tersebut Polimedia menyiapkan inovasi pembelajaran online, akhirnya di putuskan media pembelajara bentuk Laboratorium Virtual yang akan dikembangkan Polimedia sebagai solusi permasalah mata kuliah praktikum. DOI: Vritual Laboratorium, Modul Pembelajaran Digital
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF-ASSESSMENT IN EFL STUDENT’S SPEAKING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Alfianti Munawaroh 
Published: August 2022

A lot of EFL students feel unconfident in performing their English-speaking performance and do not have a decent engagement in self-reflection of their speaking performance development. Self-assessment is one of the assessment techniques that requires students’ participation in its process. The study was conducted to explore whether the implementation of self-assessment results a significant difference in EFL students’ speaking performance. The researcher conducted a quantitative study with a Posttest-Only Control Design. 34 first-year EFL students became the participants in this study. Seventeen students took part in an experimental group and the other seventeen students took part in a control group, in English department at a university in Surabaya, Indonesia. The researcher analyzed data using an Independent Samples t-test. The findings of the Independent Samples t-test indicate that there is a significant difference in experimental group students’ speaking performance after implementing self-assessment. Thus, the teachers are recommended to promote the use of self-assessment in facilitating students’ speaking performance
Keywords: speaking performance, self-assessment, EFL student, English-speaking, E-portfolio
ANALISA KAPASITAS SEISMIK DENGAN DAN TANPA DINDING BATA PADA GEDUNG BETON BERTULANG
Authors: Leilany Lili 
Published: August 2022

Makalah ini menjelaskan pengaruh dinding bata terhadap kapasitas seismik gedung beton bertulang berlantai banyak. Di Kota Padang, sebagian besar bangunan beton bertulang menggunakan dinding bata sebagai dinding non struktural. Karena dinding bata digunakan sebagai bagian dari non-struktural, selama tahap desain, kontribusinya terhadap perilaku bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak diketahui dengan baik. Dalam studi ini, kontribusi dinding terhadap kapasitas seismik Gedung beton bertulang berlantai banyak diselidiki. Untuk tujuan ini, Gedung beton bertulang sembilan lantai dipilih sebagai model analitis. Bangunan yang terletak di dekat garis pantai Kota Padang. Model dianalisis untuk analisis Pushover dan Time history dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak komputer berdasarkan metode elemen hingga nonlinier, yang disebut Analisis Respon Gempa Struktural 3D (STERA 3D). Bangunan dimodelkan sebagai struktur rangka beton bertulang dengan dan tanpa dinding bata. Hasil studi analitik menunjukkan dinding bata nonstruktural memiliki peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kapasitas seismik bangunan beton bertulang. Dinding bata juga dapat mengurangi kerusakan komponen struktur.
Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on elite volleyball athletes
Authors: Kudaş Savaş , Biçici Uluşahin Seda , Nilden Arslan Hatice , Durukan Elif 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To investigate how elite female and male volleyball players spent their time during lockdown in terms of keeping up their physical training and maintaining wellbeing as well as their beliefs, attitudes and expectation/perceptions about the upcoming season.
Materials and Methods: 331 elite volleyball players took part in the study. A survey, consisted of single and multiple-choice questions was applied. The Chi-square test was used to compare groups’ frequency data. Following Chi-square test, Bonferroni correction was made and the statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.01. The significance level was set as p<0.05 for the rest of statistical analyses.
Results: 147 (44.4%) male and 184 (55.6%) female players participated in the study. The mean age was 24.8±5.0 (15-37). Female athletes (97.3%) stated that they did more physical activity than male athletes (83.7%) (p<0.001), 40.8% of male athletes thought that they could not maintain their physical condition (p: 0.043). Female players participated exercise programs designed by their conditioners more than male counterparts (p<0.001). Sleep quality which was rated as “good” decreased from 89.8% to 44.2% for male athletes, while it has been decreased from 94.6% to 37.5% for females (p<0.001 for both genders).
Conclusion: Majority of athletes had motivation to be physically active during the 9-week lockdown period. Athletes showed that they could overcome training barriers by adapting their exercises and training routines. Female volleyball players were more cautious in terms of being active and avoiding risk of infection.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE CHICKEN LINES OF BELARUSIAN BREEDING BY ALLELIC COMPOSITION OF PRL, GH AND IGF-I GENES ASSOCIATED WITH PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Zainchkovskaya A. N. , Khmilevskaya E. P. , Shishlova-Sokolovskaya A. M. , Kosyanenko S. V. , Famina A. A. , Urbanovich O. Yu. 
Published: August 2022

The genetic structure of the populations of the Rhode-Island Red chicken line K1 and the White Leghorn chicken line B(5) of the Belarusian selection was determined according to the 24 InDel and C-2402T polymorphisms of the prolactin gene PRL, MspI polymorphism in 1 and 4 introns of the growth hormone gene GH, as well as HinfI polymorphism of the insulin-like growth factor I gene IGF-I. It was shown that males and females of the White Leghorn chicken line B(5) of egg productivity and the Rhode-Island Red chicken line K1 of egg-meat productivity differ in the allele occurrence frequency of the studied genes. The alleles of the PRL and GH genes associated with increased egg productivity were the most widespread among the representatives of the White Leghorn chicken line B(5). The data obtained can be used
for the targeted selection of the hens of the studied lines.