bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking rhizosphere processes across scales: Opinion
Authors: Schnepf A. , Carminati A. , Ahmed M. A. , Ani M. , Benard P. , Bentz J. , Bonkowski M. , Knott M. , Diehl D. , Duddek P. , Kröner E. , Javaux M. , Landl M. , Lehndorff E. , Lippold E. , Lieu A. , Mueller C. W. , Oburger E. , Otten W. , Portell X. , Phalempin M. , Prechtel A. , Schulz R. , Vanderborght J. , Vetterlein D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Simultaneously interacting rhizosphere processes determine emergent plant behaviour, including growth, transpiration, nutrient uptake, soil carbon storage and transformation by microorganisms. However, these processes occur on multiple scales, challenging modelling of rhizosphere and plant behaviour. Current advances in modelling and experimental methods open the path to unravel the importance and interconnectedness of those processes across scales.

Methods
We present a series of case studies of state-of-the art simulations addressing this multi-scale, multi-process problem from a modelling point of view, as well as from the point of view of integrating newly available rhizosphere data and images.

Results
Each case study includes a model that links scales and experimental data to explain and predict spatial and temporal distribution of rhizosphere components. We exemplify the state-of-the-art modelling tools in this field: image-based modelling, pore-scale modelling, continuum scale modelling, and functional-structural plant modelling. We show how to link the pore scale to the continuum scale by homogenisation or by deriving effective physical parameters like viscosity from nano-scale chemical properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate ways of modelling the links between rhizodeposition and plant nutrient uptake or soil microbial activity.

Conclusion
Modelling allows to integrate new experimental data across different rhizosphere processes and scales and to explore more variables than is possible with experiments. Described models are tools to test hypotheses and consequently improve our mechanistic understanding of how rhizosphere processes impact plant-scale behaviour. Linking multiple scales and processes including the dynamics of root growth is the logical next step for future research.
Time to deterioration of patient-reported outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer: exploring different definitions
Authors: Walding Andrew , Skaltsa Konstantina , Casamayor Montserrat , Rydén Anna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The clinical relevance of different time-to-deterioration (TTD) definitions for patient-reported outcomes were explored.

Methods
TTD definitions differing by reference score and deterioration event were used to analyse data from the phase 3 FLAURA trial of first-line osimertinib versus erlotinib or gefitinib in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Pre-specified key symptoms were fatigue, appetite loss, cough, chest pain and dyspnoea, scored using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 questionnaires (≥ 10-point difference = clinically relevant).

Results
No significant treatment differences in TTD (distributions) were observed using definitions based on transient or definitive deterioration alone. TTD definitions based on definitive, sustained deterioration, with death not included as an event, yielded a significant treatment difference for dyspnoea (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71; P = 0.034) when baseline was the reference, and for cough (HR 0.70; P = 0.009) and dyspnoea (HR 0.71; P = 0.004) when best previous score was the reference. With death included as an event, treatment differences were significant for dyspnoea (HR 0.70; P = 0.025) when baseline was the reference, and for cough (HR 0.70; P = 0.011), dyspnoea (HR 0.71; P = 0.003) and chest pain (HR 0.71; P = 0.038) when best previous score was the reference. Irrespective of definition, TTD for appetite loss and fatigue did not differ significantly between arms.

Conclusion
This exploratory work showed that different TTD definitions yield different magnitudes of treatment difference, highlighting the importance of pre-specifying TTD definitions upfront in clinical trials.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02296125.
Assessing Progress Towards SDGs Implementation Using Multiple Reference Point Based Multicriteria Methods: The Case Study of the European Countries
Authors: Ricciolini E. , Rocchi L. , Cardinali M. , Paolotti L. , Ruiz F. , Cabello J. M. , Boggia A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo achieve the UN 2030 Agenda Goals, and considering their complexity and multidisciplinary, Multi-criteria analysis appears to be a suitable approach to give a true support to public decision makers in defining policy lines. This study focuses on the application of the Multiple Reference Point Weak-Strong Composite Indicators (MRP-WSCI) and its partially compensatory version (MRP-PCI), to assess, in the framework of the UN 2030 Agenda, the sustainability of the 28 members of the European Union (pre-Brexit). Countries were analyzed and compared according to their conditions and progress against the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, considering three reference years: 2007, 2012 and 2017. The analysis shows that Nordic countries reach a good level of global sustainability, with values of the indicators, W-W-W and S-W-W, between 2 and 3; while the States of east Europe, in particular Romania, Bulgaria and Greece, stay at the worst levels, having overall indicators values less than 1.5. Furthermore, the results highlight how countries in the lower group have difficulties especially in social and economic sustainability. On the other hand, states with a good overall condition record the worst results in the environmental dimension, such as the Netherlands, which shows, for the year 2017, a value for this sphere less than 2, while in the other two show a good value (over 2.5).
Accountability as a Warrant for Trust: An Experiment on Sanctions and Justifications in a Trust Game
Authors: Herne Kaisa , Lappalainen Olli , Setälä Maija , Ylisalo Juha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccountability is present in many types of social relations; for example, the accountability of elected representatives to voters is the key characteristic of representative democracy. We distinguish between two institutional mechanisms of accountability, i.e., opportunity to punish and requirement of a justification, and examine the separate and combined effects of these mechanisms on individual behavior. For this purpose, we designed a decision-making experiment where subjects engage in a three-player trust game with two senders and one responder. We ask whether holding the responder accountable increases senders’ and responders’ contributions in a trust game. When restricting the analysis to the first round, the requirement of justification seems to have a positive impact on senders’ contributions. When the game is played repeatedly, the experience of previous rounds dominates the results and significant treatment effects are no longer seen. We also find that responders tend to justify their choices in terms of reciprocity, which is in line with observed behavior. Moreover, the treatment combining punishment and justification hinders justifications that appeal to pure self-interest.
Evaluating the Repeatability of Friction Coefficient Measurements and Tactile Perceptions in Skin–Textile Interactions Across Body Regions
Authors: Temel Mevra , Johnson Andrew A. , Lloyd Alex B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMeasuring the friction between human skin and textiles is essential to preventing skin-related health problems and wearer discomfort. This study sought to evaluate the repeatability of friction coefficient measurements and tactile perceptions at various human body regions, using a recently developed portable friction measuring device. Using the device, a cotton textile was applied to six test locations. The friction coefficient and tactile perceptions were taken three times, at each test site. The repeatability of friction coefficient was excellent with ICC of 0.91 ± 0.05 for static and 0.91 ± 0.06 for dynamic friction coefficient, and tactile perception showed good to excellent repeatability. The friction coefficient and tactile perception significantly differed across the body regions (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003, respectively). The chest showed the highest static friction coefficient with 0.90 ± 0.19 and dynamic friction coefficient with 0.79 ± 0.20, whereas the dorsal forearm with static 0.31 ± 0.07 and dynamic 0.25 ± 0.05 was the lowest. The ratings of tactile perceptions were independent of friction coefficient when the changes in the coefficient of friction were induced by regional difference, and/or the range of the coefficient of friction values were small. Moreover, skin temperature and friction coefficient correlated positively, whilst cutaneous hydration and friction coefficient did not.
A Linear Chirp Wireless Transmission Method utilizing Doppler Effect
Authors: Qiu Sihai , Zhao Dongyan , Wang Yubo , Tang Xiaoke , Zhao Xu , Zhang Yubing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Chirp Spread Spectrum(CSS) based wireless communication has been widely used in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN). These sensors generally have slow speed, and is becoming more demand for higher data rate. However, due to the low transmission rate of CSS, there are still many problems to be studied. A new modulation method based on the linear chirps is introduced in this paper. Unlike the BOK(Binary Orthogonal Keying) and DM(Direct Modulation) methods, this modulation technique is to implant Doppler frequency shift into the linear chirps. M-ary modulation is realized in a single pulse by this proposed modulation technique. Demodulation is accomplished by calculating the position of the compress pulse peak within the pulse duration, or by using different reference chirp signals in the matching filter.
Quambalaria shoot blight resistance in marri (Corymbia calophylla): genetic parameters and correlations between growth rate and blight resistance
Authors: Duong Hoa Thanh , Mazanec Richard , McComb Jennifer A. , Burgess Treena , Hardy Giles E. St. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Quambalaria shoot blight (QSB) has emerged recently as a severe disease of Corymbia calophylla (marri). In this study, QSB damage and growth were assessed in Corymbia calophylla trees at 4 and 6 years of age in two common gardens consisting of 165 and 170 open-pollinated families representing 18 provenances across the species’ natural distribution. There were significant differences between provenances for all traits. The narrow-sense heritability for growth traits and QSB damage at both sites were low to moderate. The genetic correlation between QSB damage and growth traits was negative; fast-growing families were less damaged by QSB disease. Age-age genetic correlations for individual traits at four and six years were very strong, and the type-B (site–site) correlations were strongly positive for all traits. Provenances from cooler wetter regions showed higher resistance to QSB. The QSB incidence at 6 years was significantly correlated with environmental factors of the provenance’s origin. The QSB incidence at years four and six was not correlated with the QSB expression in 3-month-old seedlings. Based on these results, selection for resistance could be undertaken using 4-year-old trees. There is potential for a resistance breeding program to develop populations of marri genetically diverse and resistant to QSB.
A Nutrigenetic Update on CETP Gene–Diet Interactions on Lipid-Related Outcomes
Authors: Wuni Ramatu , Kuhnle Gunter G. C. , Wynn-Jones Alexandra Azzari , Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
An abnormal lipid profile is considered a main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene contribute to variations in lipid levels in response to dietary intake. The objective of this review was to identify and discuss nutrigenetic studies assessing the interactions between CETP SNPs and dietary factors on blood lipids.

Recent Findings
Relevant articles were obtained through a literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar through to July 2021. An article was included if it examined an interaction between CETP SNPs and dietary factors on blood lipids. From 49 eligible nutrigenetic studies, 27 studies reported significant interactions between 8 CETP SNPs and 17 dietary factors on blood lipids in 18 ethnicities. The discrepancies in the study findings could be attributed to genetic heterogeneity, and differences in sample size, study design, lifestyle and measurement of dietary intake. The most extensively studied ethnicities were those of Caucasian populations and majority of the studies reported an interaction with dietary fat intake. The rs708272 (TaqIB) was the most widely studied CETP SNP, where ‘B1’ allele was associated with higher CETP activity, resulting in lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum triglycerides under the influence of high dietary fat intake.

Summary
Overall, the findings suggest that CETP SNPs might alter blood lipid profiles by modifying responses to diet, but further large studies in multiple ethnic groups are warranted to identify individuals at risk of adverse lipid response to diet.
The Effects of UPcomplish on Office Workers’ Sedentary Behaviour, Quality of Life and Psychosocial Determinants: A Stepped-Wedge Design
Authors: Berninger Nathalie M. , Plasqui Guy , Crutzen Rik , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Kok Gerjo , Ten Hoor Gill A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSedentary behaviour (SB) affects cardiometabolic health and quality of life (QoL). We examine the effects of UPcomplish, a 12-week data-driven intervention, on SB, QoL and psychosocial determinants among office workers.MethodsParticipants were recruited via judgement sampling. Five groups starting with time-lags of 7 weeks (n = 142, 96 females) received 14 feedback messages (FBMs) which were tailored to SB patterns, goals and hurdles. Participants received questionnaires at the beginning, middle and end of the intervention and wore an accelerometer measuring SB, operationalized as proportions (compositional data approach, CoDA) and summed squared sitting bouts (SSSB). We used linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts for weeks (between-subjects) and individuals (within-subjects).ResultsUPcomplish did not reduce SB. Within-subjects compared to baseline, FBM #3 (βCoDA = 0.24,p < .001, 95% CI [0.15, 0.33]; βSSSB = 20.83,p < .001, 95% CI [13.90, 27.28]) and #4 (βCoDA = 0.20,p < .001, 95% CI [0.11, 0.29]; βSSSB = 24.80,p < .001, 95% CI [15.84, 33.76]) increased SB. QoL was unaffected. Perceived susceptibility was lower after FBMs #6 to #8 (βbetween = − 0.66,p = .04, 95% CI [− 1.03, − 0.30]; βwithin = − 0.75,p = .02, 95% CI [− 1.18, − 0.32]). Within-subjects, intentions to sit less were higher after FBMs #1 to #5 (1.14,p = .02, 95% CI [0.61, 1.66]). Improvements in determinants and in SB were not associated, nor were improvements in SB and in QoL.ConclusionsCompared to VitaBit only, UPcomplish was not beneficial. Environmental restructuring might be superior, but detailed analyses of moderators of effectiveness are needed.
About the effectiveness of a hydrophobic surface treatment of Baumberger Sandstones
Authors: Orlowsky Jeanette , Groh Melanie , Braun Franziska 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Baumberger Sandstone, a sandy limestone, is used since the Middle Ages as a building material not only in the surrounding Münster region of North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), where it is quarried since to date. To prevent the ingress of water and reduce weathering processes conservation methods, mostly in form of organosilicon compounds, were used. This study deals with the performance of applied hydrophobing agents on Baumberger Sandstone samples and their influence on the weathering processes during long-term exposure. The samples were exposed at several locations in Germany to different climatic conditions for up to 24 years. Afterwards, investigations concerning the water absorption behaviour and the degree of superficial damages were carried out. With an evaluation method on basis of NMR measurements, a very low and uneven distributed effective hydrophobic zone could be detected. This caused an ingress of water in the uppermost part and a progressive weathering of investigated natural stones. Thus the hydrophobic surface treatment did not lead to a significant decrease of weathering or damaging processes. Based on these results a hydrophobic surface treatment of Baumberger Sandstone seems not to be suitable.
„Ich stehe jeden Dienst mit mir selbst im Konflikt“–„Moral distress“ bei Altenpflegenden während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Begerow A. , Gaidys U. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAufgrund der COVID-Pandemie-bedingten Veränderungen sind Pflegende im Setting der stationären Altenpflege besonderen Belastungen ausgesetzt und können in Bezug auf ihre moralische Verantwortung Dilemmata erleben.ZielZiel dieser Untersuchung ist es, die Auswirkungen und Wahrnehmungen hinsichtlich der Entstehung von Moral distress von Pflegenden im Setting der Altenpflege während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie in Deutschland zu explizieren und daraus Schlussfolgerungen für die Gestaltung von Pflege in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen zu ziehen.MethodeAuf der Basis einer Subgruppenanalyse (n = 510) des qualitativen Surveys der COVID-19-Pflegestudie werden Wahrnehmungen von Altenpflegenden während der Pandemie in Deutschland dargestellt und hinsichtlich der Entwicklung von Moral distress ausgewertet.ErgebnisseDurch die Analyse können 5 Kategorien („Dass wir keine Zeit haben, um ordentlich pflegen zu können“, „Vereinsamung“, „Konflikte mit Angehörigen und Bewohnern“,„Ständige Angst um Patientensicherheit, aber auch um die eigene Sicherheit“und „Trauer, Stress und Wut“) identifiziert werden, die differenzierte Kriterien zum Entstehen von Moral distress bei den Altenpflegenden sowie deren Auswirkungen darlegen.SchlussfolgerungenAus den Erkenntnissen ist zu schlussfolgern, dass strukturelle und fachliche Lösungen entwickelt werden müssen, die es Pflegenden ermöglichen, ihr eigenes Arbeitsumfeld zu gestalten und fachliche Versorgungsentscheidungen selbstständig zu übernehmen.
The EU Sustainable Finance Agenda: Developing Governance for Double Materiality in Sustainability Metrics
Authors: Chiu Iris H-Y 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the regulatory steers in the recent EU Sustainable Disclosure and Taxonomy Regulations rely heavily on the outworking of market-based governance to meet public interest goals in sustainable finance. Hence, additional work in sustainability metrics development that informs the investment sector of sustainable performance in companies would be of key importance. This article argues that there remain gaps in EU leadership for governing metrics development, and suggests that EU-level governance can be designed appropriately, especially in a multi-stakeholder manner, for metrics development and in relation to key information intermediaries in this space.
Isolation and characterization of ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles with sucrose cushioning followed by ultracentrifugation
Authors: Kim Jisu , Lee Yeon-Hee , Wang Jianxin , Kim Youn Kyung , Kwon Il Keun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGinseng is a traditional medicine that has been used for millennia. Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has multiple pharmacological properties. To determine the efficacy of ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GDEs), GDEs should be isolated and characterized. GDEs from P. ginseng were isolated via sequential centrifugation using 68 and 27% of sucrose cushioning followed by ultracentrifugation. The size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology of GDEs were evaluated using DLS, NTA, and TEM. GDEs were quantified by measuring the total RNA and protein concentration. The stability of the freeze-dried GDEs was evaluated for 90 days. Uniform and reproducible GDEs were successfully isolated with high yield and purity. GDEs were found to be spherical with an average diameter of 105.8 nm and a negative surface charge of − 20.7 mV. Substantial amounts of nanoparticles of GDEs were counted using NTA, with a concentration of 2.05 × 1013 particles/mL. According to the evaluation of their protein and total RNA concentration, the freeze-dried GDEs were stable for up to 60 days at room temperature. The results suggest the utility of a brief isolation protocol using sucrose double fractionation, which can be used for the mass production of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles. In addition, the stability of GDEs was maintained even after freeze-drying and storage for 60 days. This method has potential for application in the research for plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles, where cost-effective exosome isolation with high yield and purity is an important step.
Ordinary Magic in Extraordinary Circumstances: Factors Associated with Positive Mental Health Outcomes for Early Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Putwain David W. , McLoughlin Shane , Saini Pooja , Chopra Jennifer , Rosser Benjamin , Eames Catrin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions have had a negative impact on the mental health and wellbeing of many people worldwide, but this may have been particularly challenging for adolescents. However, there is a paucity of research examining the factors associated with good mental health during this time. The aim of the current study was to identify the protective factors amongst early adolescents in the UK that were associated with better mental health outcomes (internalising and externalising difficulties, and wellbeing) during the first national COVID-19 lockdown. Between September and December 2020, 290 11–14 year olds across North West England completed an online survey consisting of several measures pertaining to experiences of lockdown, and mental health and wellbeing. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyse the data. Results indicated that higher participant-rated lockdown experience (the extent to which it was fun, easy, and good) and higher levels of optimism were protective factors for all three outcomes of interest. Greater adherence to government guidance was a protective factor for internalising difficulties and wellbeing only, while family keyworker status was protective for externalising difficulties and wellbeing only. Community and school connection were protective factors for internalising difficulties; family connection and number of parents at home were protective factors for externalising difficulties; and peer support and family knowledge of COVID-19 were protective factors for wellbeing. In summary, the ‘ordinary magic’ of supportive relationships and positive experiences appear to be some of the key factors needed to maintain adolescents’ mental health and wellbeing, and to help them overcome difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.