bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave data prediction with optimized machine learning and deep learning techniques
Authors: Domala Vamshikrishna , Lee Wonhee , Kim Tae-wan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships are in the development stage and they play an important role in the upcoming future. Present generation ships are semi-autonomous and controlled by the ship crew. The performance of the ship is predicted using the data collected from the ship with the help of machine learning and deep learning methods. Path planning for an autonomous ship is necessary for estimating the best possible route with minimum travel time and it depends on the weather. However, even during the navigation, there will be changes in weather and it should be predicted in order to reroute the ship. The weather information such as wave height, wave period, seawater temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc., is collected by ship external sensors, weather stations, buoys, and satellites. This paper investigates the ensemble machine learning approaches and seasonality approach for wave data prediction. The historical meteorological data are collected from six stations near Puerto Rico offshore and Hawaii offshore. We explore ensemble machine learning techniques on the data collected. The collected data are divided into training and testing data and apply machine learning models to predict the test data. The hyperparameter optimization is performed to find the best parameters before fitting on train data, this is essential to find the best results. Multivariate analysis is performed with all the methods and errors are computed to find the best models.
A History of Senile Plaques: From Alzheimer to Amyloid Imaging
Authors: Beach Thomas G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Senile plaques have been studied in postmortem brains for more than 120 years and the resultant knowledge has not only helped us understand the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), but has also pointed to possible modes of prevention and treatment. Within the last 15 years, it has become possible to image plaques in living subjects. This is arguably the single greatest advance in AD research since the identification of the Aβ peptide as the major plaque constituent. The limitations and potentialities of amyloid imaging are still not completely clear but are perhaps best glimpsed through the perspective gained from the accumulated postmortem histological studies. The basic morphological classification of plaques into neuritic, cored and diffuse has been supplemented by sophisticated immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses and increasingly detailed mapping of plaque brain distribution. Changes in plaque classification and staging have in turn contributed to changes in the definition and diagnostic criteria for AD. All of this information continues to be tested by clinicopathological correlations and it is through the insights thereby gained that we will best be able to employ the powerful tool of amyloid imaging.
The chrysanthemum DEAD-box RNA helicase CmRH56 regulates rhizome outgrowth in response to drought stress
Authors: Zhang Lili , Xu Yanjie , Liu Xuening , Qin Meizhu , Li Shenglan , Jiang Tianhua , Yang Yingjie , Jiang Cai-Zhong , Gao Junping , Hong Bo , Ma Chao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to reprogram growth in response to drought stress. In herbaceous perennial plant species, the rhizome, which is normally an organ for propagation and food storage, can also support plant growth in stressful environments, and allows the plant to perennate and survive stress damage. However, the mechanisms that regulate rhizome growth in perennial herbs during abiotic stresses are unknown. Here, we identified a chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) DEAD-box RNA helicase gene, CmRH56, that is specifically expressed in the rhizome shoot apex. Knock down of CmRH56 transcript levels decreased the number of rhizomes and enhanced drought stress tolerance. We determined that CmRH56 represses the expression of a putative gibberellin (GA) catabolic gene, GA2 oxidase6 (CmGA2ox6). Exogenous GA treatment and silencing of CmGA2ox6 resulted in more rhizomes. These results demonstrate that CmRH56 suppresses rhizome outgrowth under drought stress conditions by blocking GA biosynthesis.
Antiglitches in accreting pulsars from superfluid vortex avalanches
Authors: Howitt G , Melatos A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThree sudden spin-down events, termed ‘antiglitches’, were recently discovered in the accreting pulsar NGC 300 ULX-1 by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer mission. Unlike previous antiglitches detected in decelerating magnetars, these are the first antiglitches recorded in an accelerating pulsar. One standard theory is that pulsar spin-up glitches are caused by avalanches of collectively unpinning vortices that transfer angular momentum from the superfluid interior to the crust of a neutron star. Here, we test whether vortex avalanches are also consistent with the antiglitches in NGC 300 ULX-1, with the angular momentum transfer reversed. We perform N-body simulations of up to 5 × 103 pinned vortices in two dimensions in secularly accelerating and decelerating containers. Vortex avalanches routinely occur in both scenarios, propagating inwards and outwards, respectively. The implications for observables, such as size and waiting time statistics, are considered briefly.
On the stellar core physics of the 16 Cyg binary system: constraining the central hydrogen abundance using asteroseismology
Authors: Nsamba Benard , Cunha Margarida S , Rocha Catarina I S A , Pereira Cristiano J G N , Monteiro Mário J P F G , Campante Tiago L 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The unprecedented quality of the asteroseismic data of solar-type stars made available by space missions such as NASA’s Kepler telescope are making it possible to explore stellar interior structures. This offers possibilities of constraining stellar core properties (such as core sizes, abundances, and physics) paving the way for improving the precision of the inferred stellar ages. We employ 16 Cyg A and B as our benchmark stars for an asteroseismic study in which we present a novel approach aimed at selecting from a sample of acceptable stellar models returned from forward modelling techniques, down to the ones that better represent the core of each star. This is accomplished by comparing specific properties of the observed frequency ratios for each star to the ones derived from the acceptable stellar models. We demonstrate that in this way we are able to constrain further the hydrogen mass fraction in the core, establishing the stars’ precise evolutionary states and ages. The ranges of the derived core hydrogen mass fractions are [0.01–0.06] and [0.12–0.19] for 16 Cyg A and B, respectively, and, considering that the stars are coeval, the age and metal mass fraction parameters span the region [6.4–7.4] Gyr and [0.023–0.026], respectively. In addition, our findings show that using a single helium-to-heavy element enrichment ratio, (ΔY/ΔZ), when forward modelling the 16 Cyg binary system, may result in a sample of acceptable models that do not simultaneously fit the observed frequency ratios, further highlighting that such an approach to the definition of the helium content of the star may not be adequate in studies of individual stars.
Dust coagulation during the early stages of star formation: molecular cloud collapse and first hydrostatic core evolution
Authors: Bate Matthew R 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Planet formation in protoplanetary discs requires dust grains to coagulate from the sub-micron sizes that are found in the interstellar medium into much larger objects. For the first time, we study the growth of dust grains during the earliest phases of star formation using three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. We begin with a typical interstellar dust grain size distribution and study dust growth during the collapse of a molecular cloud core and the evolution of the first hydrostatic core, prior to the formation of the stellar core. We examine how the dust size distribution evolves both spatially and temporarily. We find that the envelope maintains its initial population of small dust grains with little growth during these phases, except that in the inner few hundreds of au the smallest grains are depleted. However, once the first hydrostatic core forms rapid dust growth to sizes in excess of 100 μm occurs within the core (before stellar core formation). Progressively larger grains are produced at smaller distances from the centre of the core. In rapidly rotating molecular cloud cores, the ‘first hydrostatic core’ that forms is better described as a pre-stellar disc that may be gravitationally unstable. In such cases, grain growth is more rapid in the spiral density waves leading to the larger grains being preferentially found in the spiral waves even though there is no migration of grains relative to the gas. Thus, the grain size distribution can vary substantially in the first core/pre-stellar disc even at these very early times.
On the origin of core radio emissions from black hole sources in the realm of relativistic shocked accretion flow
Authors: Das Santabrata , Nandi Anuj , Stalin C S , Rakshit Suvendu , Dihingia Indu Kalpa , Singh Swapnil , Aktar Ramiz , Mitra Samik 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the relativistic, inviscid, advective accretion flow around the black holes and investigate a key feature of the accretion flow, namely the shock waves. We observe that the shock-induced accretion solutions are prevalent and such solutions are commonly obtained for a wide range of the flow parameters, such as energy (${\cal E}$) and angular momentum (λ), around the black holes of spin value 0 ≤ ak &lt; 1. When the shock is dissipative in nature, a part of the accretion energy is released through the upper and lower surfaces of the disc at the location of the shock transition. We find that the maximum accretion energies that can be extracted at the dissipative shock ($\Delta {\cal E}^{\rm max}$) are $\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $\sim 4.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for Schwarzschild black holes (ak → 0) and Kerr black holes (ak → 1), respectively. Using $\Delta {\cal E}^{\rm max}$, we compute the loss of kinetic power (equivalently shock luminosity, Lshock) that is enabled to comply with the energy budget for generating jets/outflows from the jet base (i.e. post-shock flow). We compare Lshock with the observed core radio luminosity (LR) of black hole sources for a wide mass range spanning 10 orders of magnitude with sub-Eddington accretion rate and perceive that the present formalism seems to be potentially viable to account LR of 16 Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (BH-XRBs) and 2176 active galactic nuclei. We further aim to address the core radio luminosity of intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) sources and indicate that the present model formalism perhaps adequate to explain core radio emission of IMBH sources in the sub-Eddington accretion limit.
Radio luminosity of GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3: does it really exceed the spin-down power of the pulsar?
Authors: Erkut M Hakan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The recently discovered radio pulsar GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3 with an extremely long spin period was reported to have a radio luminosity that exceeds by orders of magnitude the spin-down power of the pulsar. In this Letter, we rigorously calculate the radio luminosity of the source taking into account the dependence of the opening angle of the pulsar-emission cone, first on the spin period alone and then on both the spin parameters and the observing frequency. We also revise the value of the spin-down power reported previously. Our analysis is based on the description of the spectral data in terms of two power-law indices as well as a single power-law index. Even if the pulsar’s opening angle is treated as a frequency-independent parameter in line with the usual assumption, the period dependence of this parameter implies relatively small opening angles, and therefore, radio luminosities well below the spin-down power. Although we estimate higher radio luminosities in the physically more plausible case of a frequency-dependent opening angle, the spin-down power is again not exceeded by the highest possible radio luminosity. The radio efficiency of GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3 can therefore not be used in favour of a magnetar hypothesis.
Pediatric high-grade gliomas and the WHO CNS Tumor Classification—Perspectives of pediatric neuro-oncologists and neuropathologists in light of recent updates
Authors: Gielen Gerrit H , Baugh Joshua N , van Vuurden Dannis G , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Sophie E M , Hargrave Darren , Massimino Maura , Biassoni Veronica , Morales la Madrid Andres , Karremann Michael , Wiese Maria , Thomale Ulrich , Janssens Geert O , von Bueren André O , Perwein Thomas , Nussbaumer Gunther , Hoving Eelco W , Niehusmann Pitt , Gessi Marco , Kwiecien Robert , Bailey Simon , Pietsch Torsten , Andreiuolo Felipe , Kramm Christof M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System has undergone major restructuring. Molecularly defined diagnostic criteria were introduced in 2016 (revised 4th edition) and expanded in 2021 (5th edition) to incorporate further essential diagnostic molecular parameters. We investigated potential differences between specialists in perception of these molecularly defined subtypes for pediatric high-grade gliomas (pedHGG).MethodsWe designed a 22-question survey studying the impact of the revised 4th edition of the WHO classification on pedHGG. Data were collected and statistically analyzed to examine the spectrum of viewpoints and possible differences between neuro-oncologists and neuropathologists.Results465 participants from 53 countries were included; 187 pediatric neuro-oncologists (40%), 160 neuropathologists (34%), and 118 additional experts (26%). Neuro-oncologists reported issues with the introduction of molecularly defined tumor types, as well as the abolishment or renaming of established tumor entities, while neuropathologists did not to the same extent. Both groups indicated less relevant or insufficient diagnostic definitions were available in 2016. Reported issues were classified and assessed in the 2021 WHO classification and a substantial improvement was perceived. However, issues of high clinical relevance remain to be addressed, including the definition of clinical phenotypes for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and gliomatosis cerebri.ConclusionsWithin the WHO classification of pediatric brain tumors, such as pedHGG, rapid changes in molecular characterization have been introduced. This study highlights the ongoing need for cross talk between pathologist and oncologist to advance the classification of pedHGG subtypes and ensure biological relevance and clinical impact.
Primary myelofibrosis with concurrent paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria presenting with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Alsalman Zaenb , Alsalman Mortadah , Albesher Mohammed , Alsalman Alaa , Saif Sultan , Aldandan Ali , Alsuliman Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Primary myelofibrosis and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) are uncommon clonal blood disorders that are rarely found together. We report a case of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) with concomitant subtle PNH in a 42-year-old man who presented with a 4-week history of fatigue, unexplained chest pain, and new-onset erectile dysfunction. Bone marrow biopsy showed severe fibrosis consistent with PMF. However, smooth muscle dystonia symptoms in the form of new-onset erectile dysfunction and oesophageal spasm were not fully explained by PMF but were clues for PNH, confirmed by flow cytometric assays. Routine PNH testing for patients with new-onset PMF and clinical symptoms suggestive of PNH, as well as those with refractory anaemia despite effective therapy, is crucial since these two conditions can coexist. As a result, a lack of early testing may cause a delay in diagnosis, increasing the patient’s transfusion load and the facility’s costs.
DAA treatment failures in a low-resource setting with a high burden of hepatitis C infections: a case series
Authors: Zahid Hassaan , Aslam Khawar , Dahl Elin Hoffmann , Abbassi Waqas , Adan Suleiman , Van den Bergh Rafael , Balinska Marta A , Luck Nasir Hassan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Globally, 58 million people are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and 1.5 million new patients are infected every year. The advent of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the treatment of HCV, opening the door to the ambitious World Health Organization HCV infection elimination strategy by 2030. However, emerging resistance to DAAs could jeopardize any hope of achieving these targets. We discuss a series of 18 patients within a resource-limited setting, who after failing standard sofosbuvir-daclatasvir-based regimen also failed to respond to advanced pan-genotypic treatment regimens, i.e. sofosbuvir-velpatasvir, sofosbuvir-velpatasvir-ribavirin and sofosbuvir-velpatasvir-voxilaprevir. To avoid the spread of refractory HCV strains within the existing epidemic, we call for increased attention and research regarding patients failing treatment on standard pan-genotypic regimens and the spread of HCV-resistant strains within the communities.
A rare case of combined immunodeficiency with cytopenia whose symptoms were controlled by cyclosporine
Authors: Narges Bazgir , Shabnam Eskandarzadeh , Golnaz Eslamian , Zahra Chavoshzadeh , Jaffer Shah , Shohra Qaderi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) is a group of inborn error of Immunity (IEI) that may present with both infectious and non-infectious complications. Autoimmunity is an unusual presentation of CID and can be presented as cytopenia. The initial management of cytopenia is corticosteroids and IVIG. The role of other cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs in management of cytopenia is not fully understood. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight the possibly beneficial role of cyclosporine in controlling cytopenia in CID patients. A 26-month-old child with generalized ecchymosis was referred to Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Physical examination revealed no substantial findings other than ecchymosis, and complete blood count (CBC) revealed thrombocytopenia. Diagnosis of CID and cytopenia followed. The patient was treated by 5 times prednisolone and 4 times Rituximab. Finally, his ecchymosis was controlled by Cellcept, which was then tempered and substituted by cyclosporine.
Pattern learning reveals brain asymmetry to be linked to socioeconomic status
Authors: Poeppl Timm B , Dimas Emile , Sakreida Katrin , Kernbach Julius M , Markello Ross D , Schöffski Oliver , Dagher Alain , Koellinger Philipp , Nave Gideon , Farah Martha J , Mišić Bratislav , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) anchors individuals in their social network layers. Our embedding in the societal fabric resonates with habitus, world view, opportunity, and health disparity. It remains obscure how distinct facets of SES are reflected in the architecture of the central nervous system. Here, we capitalized on multivariate multi-output learning algorithms to explore possible imprints of SES in gray and white matter structure in the wider population (n ≈ 10,000 UK Biobank participants). Individuals with higher SES, compared with those with lower SES, showed a pattern of increased region volumes in the left brain and decreased region volumes in the right brain. The analogous lateralization pattern emerged for the fiber structure of anatomical white matter tracts. Our multimodal findings suggest hemispheric asymmetry as an SES-related brain signature, which was consistent across six different indicators of SES: degree, education, income, job, neighborhood and vehicle count. Hence, hemispheric specialization may have evolved in human primates in a way that reveals crucial links to SES.
Population Genetic Characteristics and Mating Type Frequency of Venturia effusa from Pecan in South America
Authors: Bock Clive H. , Frusso Enrique , Zoppolo Roberto , Ortiz Edson R. , Shiller Jason , Charlton Nikki D. , Young Carolyn A. , Randall Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2022

Scab, caused by the plant-pathogenic fungus Venturia effusa, is a major disease of pecan in South America, resulting in loss of quantity and quality of nut yield. Characteristics of the populations of V. effusa in South America are unknown. We used microsatellites to describe the genetic diversity and population structure of V. effusa in South America, and determined the mating type status of the pathogen. The four hierarchically sampled orchard populations from Argentina (AR), Brazil (BRC and BRS), and Uruguay (UR) had moderate to high genotypic and gene diversity. There was evidence of population differentiation ( Fst = 0.196) but the correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance was not statistically significant. Genetic differentiation was minimal between the UR, BRC, and BRS populations, and these populations were more clearly differentiated from the AR population. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating types occurred in all four orchards and their frequencies did not deviate from the 1:1 ratio expected under random mating; however, multilocus linkage equilibrium was rejected in three of the four populations. The population genetics of South American populations of V. effusa has many similarities to the population genetics of V. effusa previously described in the United States. Characterizing the populations genetics and reproductive systems of V. effusa are important to establish the evolutionary potential of the pathogen and, thus, its adaptability—and can provide a basis for informed approaches to utilizing available host resistance and determining phytosanitary needs.
What is in the Neuromuscular Junction Literature?
Authors: Al-Lahham Tawfiq , Lacomis David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This update covers a number of treatment topics starting with Fc receptor inhibitors and the Federal Drug Administration approval of efgartigimod. Some uncertainties regarding the use of corticosteroids are addressed, namely the risk of exacerbation with initiation of treatment and how to taper. The presence and potential importance of antibody overshoot following plasmapheresis is noted and the evolving increase in usefulness of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in diagnosing ocular myasthenia. Several recent series and case reports regarding coronavirus 2019 and myasthenia gravis are reviewed. The topics of myasthenia gravis and pregnancy, and another look at thymectomy in MG are provided. Finally, a couple of case reports on Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome concentrate on the ice pack test and an autoantibody association with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome in the same patient.