bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degré d'asymétrie du SME et politiques monétaires en Europe
Authors: Artus Patrick 
Published: September 2022

RésuméNous examinons l'effet de la situation économique de l'Allemagne après la réunification sur les taux d'intérêt en Europe et sur les taux de change vis-à-vis du dollar. Nous nous demandons en particulier ce qu'est la perspective la plus probable pour les parités, l'écart de taux d'intérêt entre la franc et le mark et les dettes exterieures. Nous ana-lysons la possibilité pour la France de mener une politique monétaire indépendante sans quitter le S.M.E. Cette possibilité dépend largement, nous le verrons, de la nature du risque de change entre franc, mark et dollar.
Basic income, unemployment and job scarcity
Authors: Groot Loek 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe main claim of this paper is that in a world of equal entitlements to work rights the justification for a basic income is stronger, and that its level should be higher, the higher the level of unemployment or job scarcity. Point of departure is an economy with job scarcity. A fair way to deal with job scarcity is to grant everybody an equal right to work, where these rights can be freely traded. It turns out that such a Labour Rights scheme and a basic income scheme are equivalent. The equivalence is that the price of Labour Rights and the unemployment benefit corresponds to the income tax rate and basic income respectively. The tax rate can thus be considered as what workers have to pay to appropriate scarce job assets. Both schemes allow that some people voluntarily abstain from doing paid work, in return for a financial compensation. Therefore, the advantages in terms of equity and efficiency of a Labour Rights scheme equally apply to the basic income proposal. This analysis provides an argument against cutting unemployment and social assistance benefits during economic downturns and it offers new insights to evaluate the parasitism and exploitation objection raised against basic income.
Jevons on measurement. Replay: The mathematisation of economics in the Jevonsonian theory
Authors: Revoy Bert 
Published: September 2022

The article entitled, “Jevons on measurement: A comment” (Mosselmans [1998]), betrays a lack of comprehension of the Jevonsonian process of productive abstraction of numbers. This misapprehension is clearly apparent when B. Mosselmans wrongly confuses units for numbers. This especially furthers the circumvention of the Jevonsonian idea according to which the world is ruled by numbers.Utility is not a measurable magnitude, yet it is impossible to feature it in the theory of exchange? Jevons responds by the negative. In his view, it does exist a general theory concerning the mathematical expression of magnitude that is not measurable. This assertion is found in the Theory of Political Economy and in The Principle of Science.
La conjoncture économique de la Belgique
Authors: Vinelle Louis Duquesne de la 
Published: September 2022

Le climat de la conjoncture internationale reste caractérisé par des niveaux
trés élevés de production et d’emploi. Cependant, depuis le diagnostic
précédent quelques faits nouveaux sont venus modifier quelque peu ce climat
de haute prospérité.Au Royaume-Uni la détente conjoncturelle s’est précisée. Les mesures prises
l’été dernier se sont montrées trés rapidement efficaces tant du point de
vue de l’évolution des réserves de changes que du point de vue de l’état de
la conjoncture interne. Le crédit privé a fléchi, le nombre des emplois
offerts à quelque peu diminué, tandis que le chômage s’étendait un peu et
Ton a noté un tassement de l’indice de la production mdustrielle. Depuis le
premier Janvier, trois réductions successives du taux d’escompte sont venues
confirmer que les autorités britanniques estiment avoir suffisamment freiné
la demande.
Equal Endowments as Undominated Diversity
Authors: Van Parijs Philippe 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPeople vary in both tastes and talents. What is the most sensible formulation of the egalitarian ideal once this fact is fully taken into account? The paper examines a number of answers that have been offered to this question, in particular Ronald Dworkin’s counterfactual insurance schemes, and argues against them. It then presents an alternative proposal. The latter generalizes Bruce Ackerman’s notion of undominated genetic diversity, it can be interpreted as a condition of potential envy-freedom, and it is consistent with, though more specific than, Amartya Sen’s capability-based approach.
Liquidity constraints and time non-separable preferences
Authors: Adda Jérôme , Boucekkine Raouf 
Published: September 2022

SummaryWe present an intertemporal model of consumption and savings incorporating liquidity constraints and non separable preferences. We solve the problem numerically and characterize the optimal consumption behavior. We explore the traditional puzzles highlighted in the empirical literature as excess smoothness of consumption, its excess sensitivity to current income and its excess persistence. We show that a model with durability and liquidity constraints is able to reproduce some of the stylized facts. Next we show that some of the econometric tests are not robust and can mistake liquidity constraints for habit formation. Hence previous results establishing habit formation on US data should be interpreted with caution.
La spécialisation des activités technologiques des régions européennes : une approche empirique de la convergence
Authors: Ouardighi Jalal El 
Published: September 2022

RésuméCe papier analyse la dynamique de la spécialisation des activités technologiques mesurées par les brevets de 221 régions européennes sur la période 1989-2000. L'approche adoptée repose sur la spécification d'un modèle à erreurs composées et à coefficients variables. La modélisation prend en compte l'impact des spécificités régionales sur la vitesse de convergence technologique et étudie comment la croissance économique affecte la spécialisation des régions. Les résultats d'estimation montrent (i) une convergence (dé-spécialisation) des activités technologiques régionales. Les vitesses de déspécialisation varient selon les régions de 0% à 8% par an. (ii) Les capacités inventives initiales et les effets nationaux apparaissent comme des facteurs de décélération de la vitesse de convergence technologique, (iii) l'effet de la croissance économique sur la spécialisation est positif pour les régions à forte propension à breveter mais négatif pour les régions à faibles capacités inventives, toutes choses égales par ailleurs.
Interest rate rules and macroeconomic
stabilization
Authors: Weder Mark 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHigh degrees of relative risk aversion induce indeterminacy in
cash-in-advance economies. This paper finds that Taylor-style policies can
preempt such sunspot equilibria. Specific policy recommendations depend on
the fundamentals of the economy, i.e. the empirically true value of
coefficient of relative risk aversion.
Comment on «Investment or Employment Subsidies for Rapid Employment Creation in the EEC»
Authors: Warburton P.J. 
Published: September 2022

The title of the paper presupposes that there is a choice only between investment or employment subsidies in job creation. Perhaps this was not the intention of the author but by the bottom of p.2. it is clear that «first best» remedies for unemployment have been dismissed as undesirable or impractical. Before moving on to discuss the body of the paper I think that an important issue has been brushed aside here. Why not tackle the wage rigidities that are held responsible for the high unemployment directly? Why not dismantle the existing structure of subsidies on capital and taxes on labour as a first step? Perhaps then the nature of the unemployment problem will be more clearly seen. Determination to remove factor price distortions which arise either because of tax-subsidy arrangements or restrictive labour practices can overcome the objection that this strategy will take too long.It is plain that even if one accepts the raison d’être of the paper there is also a lack of information with which to apply a Marginal Employment Subsidy (MES). The natural rate of unemployment is unobservable and hence only approximately known. Also there is the problem of structural unemployment caused by a mis-match of skills of the unemployed with vacancies created by an MES. It is difficult to see a 55 year old male steel-worker being re-employed as an assistant in a sweet shop, but something of this sort is implied by the analysis. Also, there are the risks associated with an MES. The first is the risk of creating an artificial situation of excess labour demand for certain skills or in certain industries causing an increase in real wages which would be readily mimicked by other sectors of the economy. Second, there is the risk that in creating a further distortion to factor prices on the pretext of a short-term remedy, the subsidy would, like its predecessors, become a permanent feature and prevent desirable labour market adjustments taking place in future years. Third, there is the risk of giving expanding firms a cost advantage in their industry which, as their market share grows, becomes self-perpetuating.
Ratios de fonds propres et comportement des Banques
Authors: Artus Patrick 
Published: September 2022

RésuméOn analyse l'effet sur les risques pris par les banques et la structure de leur actif de l'imposition d'un rapport minimal entre leurs fonds propres et les actifs qu'elles détiennent. Ces effets dépendent en particulier de la représentation du comportement des banques: comme une firme subissant un risque de faillite ou comme un agent économique réalisant un choix optimal de portefeuille. Ils résultent aussi de la nature de la règle de capitalisation, différenciée ou non, et du mode de rémunération des dépôts bancaires.
La monnaie dans le financement des investissements des entreprises publiques en Algérie
Authors: Laksaci Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTIONLa crise de l'endettement extérieur des pays en développement a souligné l'importance des modes de financement et les contraintes qu'ils pouvaient imposer. La création monétaire domestique et l'intermédiation financière ne sont toutefois pas encore généralement reconnues comme d'importance égale.Le cas algérien présente certaines spécificités. L'investissement représente une part très importante du produit intérieur brut. Le taux d'investissement, ce dernier essentiellement d'origine publique, est passé de 32% en 1969 à 50% en 1977. Ce sont les entreprises publiquesi qui effectuent la grande majorité de ces investissements. En 1979, par exemple, leur part avoisinait 75 % de l'investissement public total. Les besoins de financement des investissements des entreprises excèdent structurellement la capacité d'épargne publique. De plus, cet excès est allé croissant. La rigidité à la baisse de la contrainte fincancière du trésor, qui est un rouage essentiel du système monétaire, et le resserrement de la contrainte financière extérieure mettent au premier plan l'acuité du problème de financement monétaire des investissements des entreprises. Le financement en monnaie de crédit est inhérent à la «doctrine financière» instituée par la réforme de 1971, puisque les crédits bancaires à moyen terme sont réescomptables sans limite auprès de l'Institut d'Emission. La contrainte de financement des dépenses d'investissement conduit inéluctablement à la création de monnaie.La présente étude élucide le financement en monnaie de crédit des investissements des entreprises en vue d'établir les limites utiles de l'expansion monétaire en Algérie.
Legal structure and strategic regulation of intellectual property : Who pays for R&D in arts markets?
Authors: Burke Andrew E. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe paper addresses the issue of who pays for the cost of creating artistic works and other forms of intellectual property. It examines the effect of current legal structure on regulatory performance in markets for intellectual property; specifically the effects of sequential and partial regulation. These entail the regulation of multiple market intellectual property on a “market-by-market” basis (sequential regulation) where the performance in other markets for the same intellectual property is taken as given (partial regulation). The analysis demonstrates that this form of regulation is sub-optimal and creates an incentive for copyright and antitrust laws to be employed strategically by consumers, firms and regulators. In particular, it creates an incentive to use domestic regulation as an international strategic device. The theoretical exposition is augmented by an analysis of two regulatory decisions relating to the US market for music performance rights which reflect the strategic implications of partial and sequential regulation.
Principles of ownership and the transmission of knowledge in contemporary dance and Irish traditional music: Social norms and legal contexts
Authors: Leach James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDrawing on the contributions to this special issue, this article offers a synthetic description of the principles of ownership, sharing, and reward that guide and stimulate the creative practices of contemporary dance. Irish traditional music is also considered. The article aims to contextualize creative practices within a series of concerns around the protection and perpetuation of valuable cultural and artistic practices. This contextualization establishes the relevance and interest of the contemporary dance for other domains and attends to the contemporary conditions of cultural production, including those of intellectual property law, commercialization, and community/commons formation. I show how this work offers an illuminating model of social process in which value created in common is linked – through reputation, attribution, recognition, and innovation – to people, without private property becoming the dominant mode of ownership.
Smallpox's antiquity in doubt
Authors: Newfield Timothy P. , Duggan Ana T. , Poinar Hendrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmallpox, caused by the variola virus (VARV), is prominent in modern histories of the ancient Mediterranean world. The disease, or the diagnosis of it, has shaped estimations of the scale and significance of epidemics and pandemics, notably the 2nd-c. Antonine plague, and the burden of disease in large cities and regions densely populated in antiquity. Here we synthesize recent paleogenetic and evolutionary biological literature that casts significant doubt on the existence of a VARV that caused a disease we would recognize – clinically, ecologically, or epidemiologically – as smallpox in antiquity. On the basis of current data, it is time archaeologists and historians began to eradicate smallpox from their histories of the ancient world.
Long‐Range Transport and Evolution of Saharan Dust Over East Asia From 2007 to 2020
Authors: Liu Qiantao , Huang Zhongwei , Hu Zhiyuan , Dong Qingqing , Li Shuting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that Saharan dust can be transported thousands of miles, affecting regional climates, environments, and ecosystems. However, research on the long‐range transport of Saharan dust in Asia remains limited. We systematically investigated the long‐range transportation of Saharan dust over East Asia from 2007 to 2020 using WRF‐Chem model simulations, space‐borne CALIPSO lidar observations, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, as well as HYSPLIT trajectory analysis. The results show that one quarter (24.3 ± 6.2%) of dust events in East Asia during 2007–2020 originated from the Sahara Desert. Moreover, long‐range transported Saharan dust over East Asia was usually distributed in the upper troposphere. The average total amount of transported Saharan dust over East Asia between 2010 and 2015 was estimated at 33.05 ± 9.78 Tg/yr. Additionally, Saharan dust could be transported eastward all year and contributed about 35.8% of dust loading in the upper troposphere in Northern China in spring, which is almost the same amount of dust aerosols lifted up from East Asian dust sources. This study provides new sights on the important role of Saharan dust over East Asia, and elucidates the influence of long‐range transported dust on regional climate and the water cycle.
Dendritic cell-derived IL-27 p28 regulates T cell program in pathogenicity and alleviates acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Gong Huanle , Ma Shoubao , Chen Jia , Yang Bingyu , Liu Shuangzhu , Liu Xin , Han Jingjing , Wu Xiaojin , Lei Lei , Yin Zhinan , Sun Hongjian , Yu Di , Liu Haiyan , Xu Yang , Wu Depei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterleukin 27 (IL-27), a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 and p28, is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the precise role of IL-27 in acute graft-versus-host disease is not yet fully understood. In this study, utilizing mice with IL-27 p28 deficiency in dendritic cells (DCs), we demonstrated that IL-27 p28 deficiency resulted in impaired Treg cell function and enhanced effector T cell responses, corresponding to aggravated aGVHD in mice. In addition, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that loss of IL-27 p28 impaired Treg cell generation and promoted IL-1R2+TIGIT+ pathogenic CD4+ T cells in the thymus at a steady state. Mechanistically, IL-27 p28 deficiency promoted STAT1 phosphorylation and Th1 cell responses, leading to the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation and function. Finally, patients with high levels of IL-27 p28 in serum showed a substantially decreased occurrence of grade II-IV aGVHD and more favorable overall survival than those with low levels of IL-27 p28. Thus, our results suggest a protective role of DC-derived IL-27 p28 in the pathogenesis of aGVHD through modulation of the Treg/Teff cell balance during thymic development. IL-27 p28 may be a valuable marker for predicting aGVHD development after transplantation in humans.
Novel scheme for secure data transmission based on mesoscopic twin beams and photon-number-resolving detectors
Authors: Allevi Alessia , Bondani Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantum resources can improve the quality and security of data transmission. A novel communication protocol based on the use of mesoscopic twin-beam (TWB) states of light is proposed and discussed. The message sent by Alice to Bob is encoded in binary single-mode thermal states having two possible mean values, both smaller than the mean value of the TWB. Such thermal states are alternately superimposed to the portion of TWB sent to Bob. We demonstrate that in the presence of an eavesdropping attack that intercepts and substitutes part of the signal with a thermal noise, Bob can still successfully decrypt the message by evaluating the noise reduction factor for detected photons. The protocol opens new perspectives in the exploitation of quantum states of light for applications to Quantum Communication.
Influence of coolant multi-jets on heat reduction of nose cone with blunt spike at hypersonic flow
Authors: Ghanbari Mehdi , Maddah Soroush , Alinejad Javad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe importance of the cooling system for the design of the forebody of high-speed vehicles is significant due to severe aerodynamic heating at hypersonic flight. In the present study, injection of multi and single-coolant jets on the thermal performance of forebody design of nose cone with the cut spike is thoroughly investigated at hypersonic flow. A three-dimensional model of the blunt cone is presented for computational investigations of proposed jet and spike configurations. Injection of two coolant gasses (Helium and carbon dioxide) into the cooling system of the nose cone with a blunt spike is investigated. Three locations for both opposing and lateral jets are compared to find the efficient jet location. Our results indicate that a single lateral jet injected from the tip of the spike is more efficient for heat reduction. A comparison of the multiple injection system also shows that the heat reduction of the helium gas is about 15% more than CO2 jets.
Nanobody-based RFP-dependent Cre recombinase for selective anterograde tracing in RFP-expressing transgenic animals
Authors: Inutsuka Ayumu , Maejima Sho , Mizoguchi Hiroyuki , Kaneko Ryosuke , Nomura Rei , Takanami Keiko , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Onaka Tatsushi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransgenic animals expressing fluorescent proteins are widely used to label specific cells and proteins. By using a split Cre recombinase fused with mCherry-binding nanobodies or designed ankyrin repeat proteins, we created Cre recombinase dependent on red fluorescent protein (RFP) (Cre-DOR). Functional binding units for monomeric RFPs are different from those for polymeric RFPs. We confirmed selective target RFP-dependent gene expression in the mouse cerebral cortex using stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus vectors. In estrogen receptor-beta (Esr2)-mRFP1 mice and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (Grpr)-mRFP1 rats, we confirmed that Cre-DOR can be used for selective tracing of the neural projection from RFP-expressing specific neurons. Cellular localization of RFPs affects recombination efficiency of Cre-DOR, and light and chemical-induced nuclear translocation of an RFP-fused protein can modulate Cre-DOR efficiency. Our results provide a method for manipulating gene expression in specific cells expressing RFPs and expand the repertory of nanobody-based genetic tools.
Overexpansion-dominated coronal mass ejection formation and induced radio bursts
Authors: Wang B. T. , Cheng X. , Song H. Q. , Ding M. D. 
Published: September 2022

Aims. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most fascinating explosions in the Solar System. Their formation is still not fully understood, however.
Methods. We investigated a well-observed CME on 2021 May 7 that showed a typical three-component structure and was continuously observed from 0 to 3 R⊙ by a combination of SDO/AIA (0–1.3 R⊙), PROBA2/SWAP (0–1.7 R⊙), and MLSO/K-Cor (1.05–3 R⊙). Furthermore, we compared the morphological discrepancy between the CME white-light bright core and the extreme-UV (EUV) blob. We finally explored the origin of various radio bursts that are closely related to the interaction of the CME overexpansion with a nearby streamer.
Results. An interesting finding is that the height increases of the CME leading front and of the bright core are dominated by the overexpansion during the CME formation. The aspect ratios of the CME bubble and bright core, quantifying the overexpansion, are found to decrease as the SO/STIX 4–10 keV and GOES 1–8 Å soft X-ray flux of the associated flare increases near the peaks. This indicates that the flare reconnection plays an important role in the first overexpansion. The CME bubble even undergoes a second overexpansion, although it is relatively weak, which is closely related to the compression with a nearby streamer and likely arises from an ideal magnetohydrodynamics process. Moreover, the CME EUV blob is found to be relatively lower and wider than the CME white-light bright core, which may correspond to the bottom part of the growing CME flux rope. The interaction between the CME and the streamer leads to two type II radio bursts, one that is drifting normally and another that is stationary, which are speculated to be induced by two different sources of the CME-driven shock front. The bidirectional electrons shown in series of C-shaped type III bursts suggest that the interchange reconnection is also involved during the interaction of the CME and streamer.