bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of endogenous α-synuclein induced by extracellular seeds initiates at the pre-synaptic region and spreads to the cell body
Authors: Awa Shiori , Suzuki Genjiro , Masuda-Suzukake Masami , Nonaka Takashi , Saito Minoru , Hasegawa Masato 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregates has been implicated in several diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and is thought to spread in a prion-like manner. Elucidating the mechanisms of prion-like transmission of α-synuclein is important for the development of therapies for these diseases, but little is known about the details. Here, we injected α-synuclein fibrils into the brains of wild-type mice and examined the early phase of the induction of phosphorylated α-synuclein accumulation. We found that phosphorylated α-synuclein appeared within a few days after the intracerebral injection. It was observed initially in presynaptic regions and subsequently extended its localization to axons and cell bodies.　These results suggest that extracellular α-synuclein fibrils are taken up into the presynaptic region and seed-dependently convert the endogenous normal α-synuclein that is abundant there to an abnormal phosphorylated form, which is then transported through the axon to the cell body.
Complex networks analysis reinforces centrality hematological role on aerobic–anaerobic performances of the Brazilian Paralympic endurance team after altitude training
Authors: Breda Fabio Leandro , Manchado-Gobatto Fúlvia Barros , de Barros Sousa Filipe Antônio , Beck Wladimir Rafael , Pinto Allan , Papoti Marcelo , Scariot Pedro Paulo Menezes , Gobatto Claudio Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the 30-days altitude training (2500 m, LHTH-live and training high) on hematological responses and aerobic–anaerobic performances parameters of high-level Paralympic athletes. Aerobic capacity was assessed by 3000 m run, and anaerobic variables (velocity, force and mechanical power) by a maximal 30-s semi-tethered running test (AO30). These assessments were carried out at low altitude before (PRE) and after LHTH (5–6 and 15–16 days, POST1 and POST2, respectively). During LHTH, hematological analyzes were performed on days 1, 12, 20 and 30. After LHTH, aerobic performance decreased 1.7% in POST1, but showed an amazing increase in POST2 (15.4 s reduction in the 3000 m test, 2.8%). Regarding anaerobic parameters, athletes showed a reduction in velocity, force and power in POST1, but velocity and power returned to their initial conditions in POST2. In addition, all participants had higher hemoglobin (Hb) values at the end of LHTH (30 days), but at POST2 these results were close to those of PRE. The centrality metrics obtained by complex networks (pondered degree, pagerank and betweenness) in the PRE and POST2 scenarios highlighted hemoglobin, hematocrit (Hct) and minimum force, velocity and power, suggesting these variables on the way to increasing endurance performance. The Jaccard’s distance metrics showed dissimilarity between the PRE and POST2 graphs, and Hb and Hct as more prominent nodes for all centrality metrics. These results indicate that adaptive process from LHTH was highlighted by the complex networks, which can help understanding the better aerobic performance at low altitude after 16 days in Paralympic athletes.
Assessing rodents as carriers of pathogenic Leptospira species in the U.S. Virgin Islands and their risk to animal and public health
Authors: Hamond Camila , Browne A. Springer , de Wilde Leah H. , Hornsby Richard L. , LeCount Karen , Anderson Tammy , Stuber Tod , Cranford Hannah M. , Browne Stephanie K. , Blanchard Gerard , Horner David , Taylor Marissa L. , Evans Michael , Angeli Nicole F. , Roth Joseph , Bisgard Kristine M. , Salzer Johanna S. , Schafer Ilana J. , Ellis Brett R. , Alt David P. , Schlater Linda , Nally Jarlath E. , Ellis Esther M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLeptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. We sought to determine if rodents in U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) are carriers of Leptospira. In total, 140 rodents were sampled, including 112 Mus musculus and 28 Rattus rattus. A positive carrier status was identified for 64/140 (45.7%); 49 (35.0%) were positive by dark-field microscopy, 60 (42.9%) by culture, 63 (45.0%) by fluorescent antibody testing, and 61 (43.6%) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). Molecular typing indicated that 48 isolates were L. borgpetersenii and 3 were L. kirschneri; the remaining nine comprised mixed species. In the single culture-negative sample that was rtPCR positive, genotyping directly from the kidney identified L. interrogans. Serotyping of L. borgpetersenii isolates identified serogroup Ballum and L. kirschneri isolates as serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. These results demonstrate that rodents are significant Leptospira carriers and adds to understanding the ecoepidemiology of leptospirosis in USVI.
Quantification of surface charging memory effect in ionization wave dynamics
Authors: Viegas Pedro , Slikboer Elmar , Bonaventura Zdenek , Garcia-Caurel Enric , Guaitella Olivier , Sobota Ana , Bourdon Anne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of ionization waves (IWs) in atmospheric pressure discharges is fundamentally determined by the electric polarity (positive or negative) at which they are generated and by the presence of memory effects, i.e. leftover charges and reactive species that influence subsequent IWs. This work examines and compares positive and negative IWs in pulsed plasma jets (1 $$\upmu $$
μ
s on-time), showing the difference in their nature and the different resulting interaction with a dielectric BSO target. For the first time, it is shown that a surface charging memory effect is produced, i.e. that a significant amount of surface charges and electric field remain in the target in between discharge pulses (200 $$\upmu $$
μ
s off-time). This memory effect directly impacts IW dynamics and is especially important when using negative electric polarity. The results suggest that the remainder of surface charges is due to the lack of charged particles in the plasma near the target, which avoids a full neutralization of the target. This demonstration and the quantification of the memory effect are possible for the first time by using an unique approach, assessing the electric field inside a dielectric material through the combination of an advanced experimental technique called Mueller polarimetry and state-of-the-art numerical simulations.
Predictors of stroke favorable functional outcome in Guinea, results from the Conakry stroke registry
Authors: Cisse Fode Abass , Ligot Noémie , Conde Kaba , Barry Djigué Souleymane , Toure Lamine Mohamed , Konate Mamadi , Soumah Mohamed Fode , Diawara Karinka , Traore Mohamed , Naeije Gilles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow- to middle-income countries (LMICs) now bear most of the stroke burden. In LMICs, stroke epidemiology and health care systems are different from HICs. Therefore, a high-income country (HIC)-based predictive model may not correspond to the LMIC stroke context. Identify the impact of modifiable variables in acute stroke management in Conakry, Guinea as potential predictors of favorable stroke outcome. Data were extracted from the Conakry stroke registry that includes 1018 patients. A logistic regression model was built to predict favorable stroke outcomes, defined as mRS 0–2. Age, admission NIHSS score, mean arterial blood pressure and capillary glycemia were chosen as covariates. Delay to brain CT imaging under 24 h from symptom onset, fever, presence of sores and abnormal lung auscultation were included as factors. NIHSS score on admission, age and ischemic stroke were included in the null model as nuisance parameters to determine the contribution of modifiable variables to predict stroke favorable outcome. Lower admission NIHSS, brain CT imaging within 24 h of symptoms onset and lower mean arterial blood pressure emerged as a significant positive predictors of favorable stroke outcome with respective odd ratios (OR) of 1.35 [1.28–1.43], 2.1 [1.16–3.8] and 1.01 [1.01–1.04]. The presence of fever or sores impacted negatively stroke favorable outcomes with OR of 0.3 [0.1–0.85] and 0.25 [0.14–0.45]. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of the model was 0.86. This model explained 44.5% of the variability of the favorable stroke outcome with 10.2% of the variability explained by the modifiable variables when admission NIHSS, and ischemic stroke were included in the null model as nuisance parameter. In the Conakry stroke registry, using a logistic regression to predict stroke favorable outcome, five variables that led to an AUC of 0.86: admission NIHSS, early brain CT imaging, fever, sores and mean blood pressure. This paves the way for future public health interventions to test whether modulating amendable variables leads to increased favorable stroke outcomes in LMICs.
Impact of reduced uterine perfusion pressure model of preeclampsia on metabolism of placenta, maternal and fetal hearts
Authors: McClements Lana , Richards Claire , Patel Nikayla , Chen Hao , Sesperez Kimberly , Bubb Kristen J. , Karlstaedt Anja , Aksentijevic Dunja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreeclampsia is a cardiovascular pregnancy complication characterised by new onset hypertension and organ damage or intrauterine growth restriction. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality in pregnancy globally. Short of pre-term delivery of the fetus and placenta, treatment options are limited. Consequently, preeclampsia leads to increased cardiovascular disease risk in both mothers and offspring later in life. Here we aim to examine the impact of the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia on the maternal cardiovascular system, placental and fetal heart metabolism. The surgical RUPP model was induced in pregnant rats by applying silver clips around the aorta and uterine arteries on gestational day 14, resulting in ~ 40% uterine blood flow reduction. The experiment was terminated on gestational day 19 and metabolomic profile of placentae, maternal and fetal hearts analysed using high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. Impairment of uterine perfusion in RUPP rats caused placental and cardiac hypoxia and a series of metabolic adaptations: altered energetics, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism of placentae and maternal hearts. Comparatively, the fetal metabolic phenotype was mildly affected. Nevertheless, long-term effects of these changes in both mothers and the offspring should be investigated further in the future.
Noise exposure levels predict blood levels of the inner ear protein prestin
Authors: Parker Ashley , Parham Kourosh , Skoe Erika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSerological biomarkers of inner ear proteins are a promising new approach for studying human hearing. Here, we focus on the serological measurement of prestin, a protein integral to a human’s highly sensitive hearing, expressed in cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). Building from recent nonhuman studies that associated noise-induced OHC trauma with reduced serum prestin levels, and studies suggesting subclinical hearing damage in humans regularly engaging in noisy activities, we investigated the relation between serum prestin levels and environmental noise levels in young adults with normal clinical audiograms. We measured prestin protein levels from circulating blood and collected noise level data multiple times over the course of the experiment using body-worn sound recorders. Results indicate that serum prestin levels have a negative relation with noise exposure: individuals with higher routine noise exposure levels tended to have lower prestin levels. Moreover, when grouping participants based on their risk for a clinically-significant noise-induced hearing loss, we found that prestin levels differed significantly between groups, even though behavioral hearing thresholds were similar. We discuss possible interpretations for our findings including whether lower serum levels may reflect subclinical levels of OHC damage, or possibly an adaptive, protective mechanism in which prestin expression is downregulated in response to loud environments.
New risk scoring system for predicting 3-month mortality after acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sakamoto Susumu , Shimizu Hiroshige , Isshiki Takuma , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Usui Yusuke , Kurosaki Atsuko , isobe Kazutoshi , Takai Yujiro , Homma Sakae 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is often fatal. A straightforward staging system for AE-IPF would improve prognostication, guide patient management, and facilitate research. The aim of study is to develop a multidimensional prognostic AE-IPF staging system that uses commonly measured clinical variables. This retrospective study analyzed data from 353 consecutive patients with IPF admitted to our hospital during the period from January 2008 through January 2018. Multivariate analysis of information from a database of 103 recorded AE-IPF cases was used to identify factors associated with 3-month mortality. A clinical prediction model for AE-IPF was developed by using these retrospective data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of this model. Logistic regression analysis showed that PaO2/FiO2 ratio, diffuse HRCT pattern, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with 3-month mortality; thus, PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 250 (P), CRP ≥ 5.5 (C), and diffuse HRCT pattern (radiological) (R) were included in the final model. A model using continuous predictors and a simple point-scoring system (PCR index) was developed. For the PCR index, the area under the ROC curve was 0.7686 (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity of the scoring system was 78.6% and specificity was 67.8%. The PCR index identified four severity grades (0, 1, 2, and 3), which were associated with a 3-month mortality of 7.7%, 29.4%, 54.8%, and 80%, respectively. The present PCR models using commonly measured clinical and radiologic variables predicted 3-month mortality in patients with AE-IPF.
Priming cardiovascular exercise improves complex motor skill learning by affecting the trajectory of learning-related brain plasticity
Authors: Lehmann Nico , Villringer Arno , Taubert Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, mounting evidence from animal models and studies in humans has accumulated for the role of cardiovascular exercise (CE) in improving motor performance and learning. Both CE and motor learning may induce highly dynamic structural and functional brain changes, but how both processes interact to boost learning is presently unclear. Here, we hypothesized that subjects receiving CE would show a different pattern of learning-related brain plasticity compared to non-CE controls, which in turn associates with improved motor learning. To address this issue, we paired CE and motor learning sequentially in a randomized controlled trial with healthy human participants. Specifically, we compared the effects of a 2-week CE intervention against a non-CE control group on subsequent learning of a challenging dynamic balancing task (DBT) over 6 consecutive weeks. Structural and functional MRI measurements were conducted at regular 2-week time intervals to investigate dynamic brain changes during the experiment. The trajectory of learning-related changes in white matter microstructure beneath parieto-occipital and primary sensorimotor areas of the right hemisphere differed between the CE vs. non-CE groups, and these changes correlated with improved learning of the CE group. While group differences in sensorimotor white matter were already present immediately after CE and persisted during DBT learning, parieto-occipital effects gradually emerged during motor learning. Finally, we found that spontaneous neural activity at rest in gray matter spatially adjacent to white matter findings was also altered, therefore indicating a meaningful link between structural and functional plasticity. Collectively, these findings may lead to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms mediating the CE-learning link within the brain.
Malignant prediction of incidental findings using ring-type dedicated breast positron emission tomography
Authors: Sasada Shinsuke , Masumoto Norio , Emi Akiko , Kadoya Takayuki , Okada Morihito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe classification according to uptake patterns and metabolic parameters on ring-type dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET) is useful for detecting breast cancer. This study investigated the performance of dbPET for incidental findings that were not detected by mammography and ultrasonography. In 1,076 patients with breast cancer who underwent dbPET, 276 findings were incidentally diagnosed before treatment. Each finding was categorized as focus (uptake size ≤ 5 mm), mass (> 5 mm), or non-mass (multiple uptake) according to uptake patterns. Non-mass uptakes were additionally classified based on their distributions as—linear, focal, segmental, regional, or diffuse. Thirty-two findings (11.6%) were malignant and 244 (88.4%) were benign. Visually, 227 (82.3%) findings were foci, 7 (2.5%) were masses, and 42 (15.2%) were non-masses. Malignant rates of focus, mass, and non-mass were 9.7%, 28.6%, and 19.0%, respectively. In the non-mass findings, 23 were regional and diffuse distributions, and presented as benign lesions. Focus uptake with low lesion-to-background ratio (LBR) and no hereditary risk were relatively low (2.7%) in breast cancer. In multivariate analysis, LBR and hereditary risk were significantly associated with breast cancer (p = 0.006 and p = 0.013, respectively). Uptake patterns, LBR, and hereditary risk are useful for predicting breast cancer risk in incidental dbPET findings.
On the position of ReasonP
Authors: Yang Barry Chung-Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe position of the reason-asking ‘why’ has been under much discussion for the past few years. Although some have suggested that it is situated within the CP domain, its exact position varies depending on different proposals. Meanwhile, a noncanonicalwhy-like ‘what’ has also attracted much attention. Some assume it to be merged to the top of a sentence while some assume it to be merged lower. In this study, new evidence is provided to show that in Chinese the reason-asking ‘why’ should be merged to the Int(errogative)P in the CP zone, confirmingRizzi’s (2001)andTsai’s (2008)claims, whereas thewhy-like ‘what’ should be merged as low as invP but target the topmost of a clause, supposedly ForceP, by covert movement.
Steering ethics toward social justice
Authors: Boéri Julie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The interpreting field has not been impervious to the call for dismantling patterns of injustice that extend down to the communication encounter. However, its engagement with socio-political commitment and change remains largely constrained by a deontological and liberal tradition. To decenter interpreting from this tradition and to steer its ethics toward social justice, this paper proposes a meta-ethical approach to and a model of interpreting. It explores activist interpreting in the global justice movement from three complementary standpoints: interpreting in the encounter (micro), politics of organization (macro) and enquiry (meso). The case study shows that social justice does not only concern the leverage of citizens’ benefits in the welfare state, but also consists of a communicational and social performance. The model can equip researchers to harness the liberatory potential of praxes, discourses and epistemologies found in the social movement milieu to refashion ethical language and thought in the field.
Propulsion system shaft line analysis of a 70.000 dwt LNG tanker
Authors: Stan Liviu-Constantin , Alexandra-Nicoleta Gordes , Adriana-Georgiana Agape 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the presented project, a study was made on the propulsion installation on board the LNG tanker with a load capacity of 70,000 dwt. In this regard, all the steps regarding the calculation and design of the main elements of this type of installation were followed, such as the propulsion engine, the propeller and the shaft lines. At the end of the shaft sizing stage, a simulation was performed in a specialized software to analyse and verify the evolution of the component elements in an operation scenario.
OP08 The effects of maintenance therapy with upadacitinib on abdominal pain, bowel urgency, and fatigue in patients with moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis: Phase 3 U-ACHIEVE maintenance results
Authors: Danese S , Tran J , D’Haens G , Rubin D T , Aoyama N , Zhou W , James B , Yao X , SanchezGonzalez Y , Panaccione R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Abdominal pain (AP), bowel urgency (BU), and fatigue are debilitating symptoms that reduce quality of life in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). Results from two Phase 3 induction trials (U-ACHIEVE induction [NCT02819635] and U-ACCOMPLISH [NCT03653026]) showed significant improvements in AP, BU, and fatigue following induction with upadacitinib (UPA) in patients with active UC who had previously failed conventional or biologic therapy. We evaluated the effects of 52-week UPA maintenance treatment on AP, BU, and fatigue in patients who achieved a clinical response after induction.

Methods
Four hundred fifty-one patients who achieved a clinical response after 8 weeks of induction with UPA 45 mg once daily (QD) were enrolled in the U-ACHIEVE maintenance study and were re-randomised 1:1:1 to UPA 15 mg QD (n=148), UPA 30 mg QD (n=154), or placebo (PBO) QD (n=149). Endpoints in this analysis were the percentage of patients who reported no AP or no BU at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 20, 28, 36 and 52, respectively, and the change in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT–F) from induction baseline to Weeks 0 and 52 in the maintenance study. Patients recorded AP and BU daily via an electronic, handheld device. Lastly, the percentage of patients reporting a clinically meaningful within person change (MWPC), defined as ≥5-point increase in FACIT-F score from induction baseline, and normalization of fatigue, defined as a FACIT-F score &gt;40 points, were determined at Weeks 0 and 52.

Results
Significantly more patients reported no AP at Week 8 for UPA 15 mg vs PBO (60.8% vs 48.3%, p&lt;0.05, Figure 1) and at Week 12 for UPA 30 mg vs PBO (59.7% vs 43.6%, p&lt;0.01); significant differences were maintained through Week 52 (15 mg: 45.9%; 30 mg: 55.3% vs PBO: 20.8%, p&lt;0.001). For no BU reported, significant differences vs PBO were observed with UPA 30 mg at Week 4 (68.8% vs 54.4%, p&lt;0.05, Figure 2) and with UPA 15 mg at Week 8 (64.9% vs 49.7%, p&lt;0.01) and were maintained through Week 52 (15 mg: 56.1%; 30 mg: 63.6% vs PBO: 17.4%, p&lt;0.001). A significantly greater percentage of patients achieved MWPC in FACIT-F with both UPA 15 mg (55.4%) and UPA 30 mg (58.8%) compared with PBO (35.1%; p&lt;0.001) at Week 52. In addition, a greater percentage of UPA-treated patients achieved normalization of fatigue (52.0% and 55.7% for UPA 15 mg and UPA 30 mg, respectively) vs PBO (35.7%) at Week 52 (p&lt;0.01).

Conclusion
In patients with moderately to severely active UC who responded to UPA 45 mg induction treatment, significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported AP, BU, and fatigue achieved during induction were sustained through 52 weeks of UPA 15 mg or 30 mg maintenance treatment.