bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Cardiotoxic” and “cardioprotective” partner support for patient activation and distress: Are two better than one?
Authors: Bertoni Anna , Rapelli Giada , Parise Miriam , Pagani Ariela F. , Donato Silvia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to test whether the presence of a partner was always beneficial to people with cardiac disease and how different types of partner behaviors promoted or hindered their activation and distress.BackgroundCardiac disease challenges not only patients but also their partners, whose support is not always effective.MethodA cross‐sectional dyadic research design, in which both partners completed a self‐report questionnaire during hospitalization, was adopted. The associations between partner support and patient outcomes were tested using stepwise regression analysis.ResultsThe mere presence of a partner was not associated with distress or activation of a person with cardiac illness. On the contrary, the quality of partner support is differently linked with outcomes of person with cardiac illness; in particular, partner support for activation is significantly associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and somatization of person with cardiac disease, whereas overprotection is significantly associated with lower levels of activation.ConclusionPartner support may be a double‐edged sword: Partners may be a powerful ally in illness management but also a barrier to it when partner support is ineffective.ImplicationsThis study highlights the importance of integrating partners in cardiac recovery programs and provides suggestions for the design of couple‐based interventions.
Recruitment and retention of world language teacher education majors: Perspectives of teacher candidates and alumni to remedy a global shortage
Authors: Burke Brigid M. , Ceo‐DiFrancesco Diane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUNESCO and the Education Policy Center at American Institutes for Research have reported massive teacher shortages to exist around the globe. In the United States, an estimated 44 states and Washington, D.C. have experienced shortages of qualified world language (WL) teachers for decades. Limited research has addressed the reasons for this shortage and ways to remedy it. Out of concern about reduced enrollments specifically for WL teacher preparation programs, this study investigated recruitment and retention strategies used at two US Midwestern universities. Analysis of questionnaire data from preservice teachers and alumni revealed reasons why candidates chose WL education and persisted in the program. To improve the US WL teacher shortage, WL teachers, teacher educators, preservice teachers, and local, state, and national organizations must understand that they need to develop a symbiotic mutualistic relationship and collaborate more strategically to preserve, promote, and perpetuate WL education for global citizenship.
Identification of motorcycle accidents hotspots in the Czech Republic and their conditional factors: The use of KDE+ and two‐step cluster analysis
Authors: Kraft Stanislav , Marada Miroslav , Petříček Jakub , Blažek Vojtěch , Mrkvička Tomáš 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of newly registered motorcycles worldwide. However, there is not only an increase in the number of motorcycles in traffic but also an increase in the number of conflicts between motorcyclists and the surrounding environment. A relatively significant research gap can be identified in the relationship between spatial factors and motorcycle accident rates. This paper analyses the spatiotemporal patterns of motorcycle accidents and studies their underlying factors. The KDE+ method (an extension of the kernel density estimation method) is used to identify concentrations of motorcycle accident key hotspots. To study the underlying traffic accident determinants, a two‐step cluster analysis is used. The analysis is based on the database of motorcycle accidents in the Czech Republic from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. The paper achieves a few main findings. By applying the KDE+ method, the most dangerous sections of the road network in the Czech Republic were identified, where a significant accumulation of motorcycle accidents occur. Motorcycle accidents are highly seasonal. Motorcycle accidents tend to accumulate in the afternoon, especially during the summer months. Concerning the frequency of accidents and the collective risk index, urban traffic, that is the traffic density, is an important cause of motorcycle accidents, along with the winter period with rather unfavourable weather conditions, and especially the directional conditions—curves and intersections—are among the hazardous sections.
The influence of trainees' characteristics on the transfer of entrepreneurship training: Evidence from microfinance institutions in Tanzania
Authors: Minja Joyce J. , Mbura Omari K. , Charles Goodluck 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile entrepreneurship training is essential for the growth and sustainability of enterprises, the literature identifies several challenges which contribute to insufficient transfer (application) of trained materials to enterprises. Yet, the extant literature on training transfer is inconclusive, with minimal focus on trainee personal characteristics and scarce visualization of transfer as a dimensional concept. The study addressed this gap by examining the influence of selected trainee demographics on dimensions of near, far and creative transfer of entrepreneurship training. Based on a survey of 418 trainees in Tanzanian community‐based microfinance institutions, findings reveal that, each dimension of training transfer tested was influenced by a different set of demographic determinants. It was evident that elders were less enthusiastic about near and far application of entrepreneurship training. Males perceived slightly more training transfer in far and creative domains while those with higher education levels were more likely to apply training in all transfer dimensions. Those with exposure to entrepreneurship were more convinced of the value of applying the trained skills to near and creative domains. Consequently, the study advances Andragogy by showing the contextual nature of applicability of its principles, as well as the dependence of training transfer on contextual factors surrounding trainees.
The Impact of Cheating on Score Comparability via Pool‐Based IRT Pre‐equating
Authors: Liu Jinghua , Becker Kirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor any testing programs that administer multiple forms across multiple years, maintaining score comparability via equating is essential. With continuous testing and high‐stakes results, especially with less secure online administrations, testing programs must consider the potential for cheating on their exams. This study used empirical and simulated data to examine the impact of item exposure and prior knowledge on the estimation of item difficulty and test taker's ability via pool‐based IRT preequating. Raw‐to‐theta transformations were derived from two groups of test takers with and without possible prior knowledge of exposed items, and these were compared to a criterion raw to theta transformation. Results indicated that item exposure has a large impact on item difficulty, not only altering the difficulty of exposed items, but also altering the difficulty of unexposed items. Item exposure makes test takers with prior knowledge appear more able. Further, theta estimation bias for test takers without prior knowledge increases when more test takers with possible prior knowledge are in the calibration population. Score inflation occurs for test takers with and without prior knowledge, especially for those with lower abilities.
Understanding dominance: The effect of changing the definition of dominance when using TDS with consumers
Authors: Hutchings Scott C. , Cha Wenxiu , Dunshea Frank R. , Sharma Chetan , Torrico Damir D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTemporal dominance of sensations (TDS) is a widely used method to assess dynamic sensory perception. While TDS has been studied more extensively with trained panels, there is growing interest in testing the method with consumers. However, little is known about how consumers interpret the notion of “dominance” to decide which attribute they should select at a given point in time. This study investigated the effect of a changing definition of dominance on TDS results. Consumers, all of who had never undertaken a TDS test before, were recruited in three separate groups where they were briefly trained on TDS where dominance was defined as either: (a) most attention‐catching sensation (TDS session), (b) most intense sensation (TIS session), or (c) most changing sensation (TCS session). Results showed that TDS curves were similar between all three sessions, suggesting that consumers’ TDS results are only marginally influenced by the definition of dominance.Practical ApplicationsTDS is being used increasingly by consumers, for sensory research both in academia and industry. This study demonstrates to users of the TDS method that the definition of dominance is unlikely to influence results when working with consumers. Furthermore, this study illustrates the capability of TDS using consumers for the sensory evaluation of food.
Learning, Inside and Out: Prior Linguistic Knowledge and Learning Environment Impact Word Learning in Bilingual Individuals
Authors: Palma Pauline , Marin Marie‐France , Onishi Kristine H. , Titone Debra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough several studies have focused on novel word learning and lexicalization in (presumably) monolingual speakers, less is known about how bilinguals add novel words to their mental lexicon. In this study we trained 33 English–French bilinguals on novel word‐forms that were neighbors to English words with no existing neighbors. The number of novel neighbors to each English word varied, as did the cross‐linguistic orthographic overlap between the English word and its French translation. We assessed episodic memory and lexicalization of the novel words before and after a consolidation period. Cross‐linguistic similarity enhanced episodic memory of novel neighbors only when neighborhood density among the novel neighbors was low. We also found evidence that novel neighbors of English words with high cross‐linguistic similarity became lexicalized after a consolidation period. Overall, the results suggest that similarity to preexisting lexical representations crucially impacted lexicalization of novel words by bilingual individuals.
The Kelch‐F‐box protein SMALL AND GLOSSY LEAVES 1 (SAGL1) negatively influences salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting the turn‐over of transcription factor SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1)
Authors: Yu Ke , Yang Wenqi , Zhao Bing , Wang Ling , Zhang Pan , Ouyang Yi , Chang Yuankai , Chen Guoqingzi , Zhang Junli , Wang Shujie , Wang Xiao , Wang Panpan , Wang Wei , Roberts Jeremy A. , Jiang Kun , Mur Luis A. J. , Zhang Xuebin 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone regulating plant immunity. Although the transcriptional regulation of SA biosynthesis has been well‐studied, its post‐translational regulation is largely unknown.

We report that a Kelch repeats‐containing F‐box (KFB) protein, SMALL AND GLOSSY LEAVES 1 (SAGL1), negatively influences SA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by mediating the proteolytic turnover of SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1), a master transcription factor that directly drives SA biosynthesis during immunity.

Loss of SAGL1 resulted in characteristic growth inhibition. Combining metabolomic, transcriptional and phenotypic analyses, we found that SAGL1 represses SA biosynthesis and SA‐mediated immune activation. Genetic crosses to mutants that are deficient in SA biosynthesis blocked the SA overaccumulation in sagl1 and rescued its growth. Biochemical and proteomic analysis identified that SAGL1 interacts with SARD1 and promotes the degradation of SARD1 in a proteasome‐dependent manner.

These results unravelled a critical role of KFB protein SAGL1 in maintaining SA homeostasis via controlling SARD1 stability.
Outcome of primary intraosseous carcinoma: Case review of a single institution
Authors: Long En , You Dongling , Wang Shubin , Lu Shun , Xu Peng , Zhou Jie , Li Lu , Wu Jian , Zhang Biqin , Zhu Guiquan , Lang Jinyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors and treatment of primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC).MethodsPatients diagnosed with POIC and received treatment in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from 2000 to 2019 were followed up and retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 28 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 60 years (60 ± 10.11). The 2‐year and 5‐year overall survival (OS) were 60.7% and 38.5%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, surgery combined with adjuvant therapy improved the OS compared with surgery or radiotherapy alone (p = 0.035), and patients who received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy had a higher OS than those who received radical radiotherapy (p = 0.01). In addition, patients with well‐differentiated tumors have increased progression‐free survival (p = 0.01). Multivariate analyses showed that radiotherapy was an independent indicator for OS (p = 0.007).ConclusionsSurgery combined with adjuvant therapy is the superior treatment strategy for PIOC at present. This study is the first to confirm the positive role of radiotherapy in treating PIOC with data to back it up.
Female Labor Force Participation in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Cohort Analysis
Authors: Backhaus Andreas , Loichinger Elke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFemale labor force participation rates have been stagnating despite rising female education in sub‐Saharan Africa since the turn of the millennium. Using representative and repeated census data from a heterogeneous sample of 13 sub‐Saharan African countries, this paper analyzes female labor force participation from a demographic perspective. We show that enrollment in education is substantially higher among the most recent female cohorts than among the earlier‐born ones. The higher enrollment mechanically depresses female labor force participation, weakening the relationship between female labor force participation and education. After taking this cohort trend into account, we find a strong and positive association between female labor force participation and female education. We further find a cohort trend toward higher female employment in the nonprimary sector and a positive association between female employment in the nonprimary sector and female education. The higher investments in education by younger female cohorts, together with the demographics of sub‐Saharan African countries, have implications for a potentially arising “demographic dividend”.
Patriarchal Authoritarianism Reloaded: Gender Violence, Policy Conflict, and the Resurgence of the Far Right in Spain
Authors: Cabezas Marta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe virulent opposition to gender violence policy championed by the Spanish Far Right Party Vox since it gained political representation in December 2018 has been remarkable. This opposition has turned gender violence into a language of political struggle at a time of intense feminist mobilization and feminist influence in government. What does this ideological battle over gender violence reveal about Vox's political project? This article argues that this policy conflict provides a window through which to understand the authoritarian core of the Spanish Far Right and shows that feminist critique is key to its unpacking. It proposes further research venues for an anthropology of the state and of policy informed by feminism and engaged with the pressing problems of our times.
Effects of an anti‐gonadoliberin releasing hormone vaccine on testicular, epididymal and spermatogenic development in the horse
Authors: Botha Alma E. , Schulman Martin L. , Birrell John , du Plessis Lizette , Laver Peter N. , Soley John , Colenbrander Ben , Bertschinger Henk J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of the GnRH vaccine Improvac® on testicular and epididymal morphometrics, histology and spermatogenesis were measured in 19 young (15–20 months) colts randomly assigned to one control (saline, castration at 57 days, n = 6) or either of two GnRH vaccine‐treatment groups, T‐57 (castration at 57 days, n = 7) or T‐100 (castration at 100 days, n = 6), respectively. All were immunized on Day 0 with a single booster on Day 28. Excised testes and epididymides were weighed and processed for histology to measure tubule, epithelial and muscle dimensions, the ratio of interstitial tissue to seminiferous tubules and determine the stage of spermatogenesis. Testis volume, unchanged within controls, decreased in T‐57 and T‐100 groups by 50% and 70%, respectively. Treated colts' testes were significantly lighter than controls (64% relative difference); however, epididymal mass showed no significant differences between groups. Proportionally less seminiferous tubule relative to interstitial tissue was observed in both treatment groups (5%) versus controls (22%) with a mean tubule size 28% smaller than controls. Controls exhibited a high proportion of seminiferous tubules with advanced stages of spermatogenesis, whereas treated colts showed a high proportion of tubules in the early stages of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, immunization against GnRH in prepubertal colts was effective at reducing the development of their intra‐scrotal reproductive organs and preventing normal spermatogenesis. GnRH vaccination of young colts effectively and consistently reduced testis mass, tubule size and relative proportion of seminiferous tubule tissue while retarding spermatogenesis. The epididymis showed changes with a smaller tubule diameter, lower epithelial height and thicker muscle layer recorded in treated compared to control colts.
Immunological uterine response to pig embryos before and during implantation
Authors: Parrilla Inmaculada , Gil Maria Antonia , Cuello Cristina , Cambra Josep M. , Gonzalez‐Plaza Alejandro , Lucas Xiomara , Vazquez Jose L. , Vazquez Juan M. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Heriberto , Martinez Emilio A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe establishment of a successful pregnancy can only occur through a concerted functioning of the entire female reproductive system, allowing for fertilization, subsequent embryo development and implantation of the conceptus. In this context, the uterine immunological responses responsible for rejection or tolerance of the conceptus are of critical importance. The aim of the present review is to summarize our current knowledge about those cellular and molecular immunological events occurring at the uterine level during pre‐implantation and implantation stages of pregnancy in the pig. Advancing our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in the success or failure of pregnancy will provide cues to develop novel strategies augmenting endometrial receptivity, finally increasing the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies in pigs.
Cases of real‐life policies related to risk: How can they enhance risk analysis and risk science?
Authors: Aven Terje 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolicies on risk constitute a core topic of risk analysis and risk science, and it is common at risk conferences to present real‐life cases of such policies, for example related to the handling of climate change and pandemics. Although these are of broad interest, showing how important issues in society are dealt with, it can be questioned to what extent and how these cases contribute to enhancing risk analysis and risk science. The present paper addresses this concern. It is argued that, in order to learn from the cases, they need in general to be more thoroughly followed up with discussions of concepts, principles, approaches, and methods for assessing, characterizing, communicating and handling risk. Describing a governmental policy on, for example, the handling of COVID‐19 is a point of departure for interesting discussions concerning its justification and performance, in particular in relation to risk and the most updated knowledge from the risk analysis field. Such discussions are, however, often lacking. The paper points to some key obstacles and challenges for the learning process, including the difficulty of distinguishing between policies, policy analysis, and politics.
Risk factors for suicide in the Vietnam‐era twin registry
Authors: Forsberg Christopher W. , Estrada Santiago A. , Baraff Aaron , Magruder Kathryn M. , Vaccarino Viola , Litz Brett T. , Friedman Matthew J. , Goldberg Jack , Smith Nicholas L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of suicide among Veterans is of major concern, particularly among those who experienced a combat deployment and/or have a history of PTSD.Design and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of post‐discharge suicide among Vietnam‐era Veterans who are members of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. The VET Registry is a national sample of male twins from all branches of the military, both of whom served on active duty between 1964 and 1975. Military service and demographic factors were available from the military records. Service in‐theater was based on military records; combat exposure and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 1987 by questionnaire. Mortality follow‐up, from discharge to 2016, is identified from Department of Veterans Affairs, Social Security Administration, and National Death Index records; suicide as a cause of death is based on the International Classification of Death diagnostic codes from the death certificate. Statistical analysis used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the association of Vietnam‐theater service, combat exposure, and PTSD symptoms with suicide while adjusting for military service and demographic confounding factors.ResultsFrom the 14,401 twins in the VET Registry, there were 147 suicide deaths during follow‐up. In adjusted analyses, twins who served in the Vietnam theater were at similar risk of post‐discharge suicide compared with non‐theater Veterans; there was no association between combat and suicide. An increase in severity of PTSD symptoms was significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide in adjusted analyses (hazard ratio = 1.13 per five‐point increase in symptom score; 95% CI: 1.02–1.27).ConclusionsService in the Vietnam theater is not associated with greater risk of suicide; however, PTSD symptom severity poses a degree of risk of suicide in Vietnam‐era Veterans. Adequate screening for PTSD in Veterans may be promising to identify Veterans who are at increased risk of suicide.
The affective model of far‐right vote in Europe: Anger, political trust, and immigration
Authors: Erisen Cengiz , Vasilopoulou Sofia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study demonstrates that voting for the far right has a central affective dimension within the domain of immigration, the effect of which relies on the level of trust one has toward political institutions and equally colors one's estimation of threat.MethodsWe use representative data from two studies across three countries (Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) at two time points (2015 and 2019).ResultsWe first show that anger, rather than fear, constitutes the emotional mechanism underpinning the relationship between anti‐immigration attitudes and support for the far right. Second, anger is associated more strongly with far‐right voting among those with lower levels of political trust. Third, anger affects how individuals seek out and process information about immigration, resulting in the overestimation of the perceived threat.ConclusionThese findings shed light on a key puzzle of electoral behavior: Why do some citizens with anti‐immigrant attitudes opt for radical politics, whereas others do not.