bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current use of inotropes according to initial blood pressure and peripheral perfusion in the treatment of congestive heart failure: findings from a multicentre observational study
Authors: Nagao Kazuya , Kato Takao , Yaku Hidenori , Morimoto Takeshi , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Yamamoto Erika , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kitai Takeshi , Taniguchi Ryoji , Iguchi Moritake , Kato Masashi , Takahashi Mamoru , Jinnai Toshikazu , Ikeda Tomoyuki , Kawai Takafumi , Komasa Akihiro , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Su Kanae , Kawato Mitsunori , Seko Yuta , Inada Tsukasa , Inoko Moriaki , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Shizuta Satoshi , Ono Koh , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Ozasa Neiko , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesCurrent guidelines restrict the use of inotropes for the treatment for heart failure (HF) unless the patients are hypotensive or hypoperfused because of safety concerns. This study sought to characterise the contemporary real-world use of inotropes and associated long-term outcomes according to systolic blood pressure (sBP) and perfusion status.DesignA multicentre prospective cohort study.SettingThis study was nested from the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry, which included consecutive Japanese patients admitted for HF.ParticipantsWe categorised 3995 patients into two groups: sBP ≥90 mm Hg and warm profile group, and sBP <90 mm Hg or cold profile group. In each group, patients were stratified across the use of inotropes within 24 hours of hospital presentation.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was all-cause death throughout follow-up. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death throughout follow-up, all-cause death during index hospitalisation and after discharge, and HF hospitalisation.ResultsA total of 793 patients (20%) presented with sBP <90 mm Hg or cold profile, whereas 3202 patients had sBP ≥90 mm Hg and warm profile; 276 patients (35%) in the sBP <90 mm Hg/cold group and 312 patients (10%) in the sBP ≥90 mm Hg/warm group received initial inotropic treatment. Adjusted excess risk of inotrope use relative to no inotrope for the primary outcome measure was significant in the sBP ≥90 mm Hg/warm group (adjusted HR), 1.36; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.72, p=0.006) but not in the sBP <90 mm Hg/cold group (adjusted HR, 1.28, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.69, p=0.09). Risk for postdischarge all-cause death and HF hospitalisation was not significantly different between the patients with inotropes and no inotropes in both groups.ConclusionInotrope use in the absence of hypotension and hypoperfusion is still common, but associated with a worse long-term prognosis.Trial registration numberUMIN000015238.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm clinical practice guidelines: a methodological assessment using the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Tan Kia Hau Matthew , Salim Safa , Machin Matthew , Geroult Aurélien , Onida Sarah , Lane Tristan , Davies A H 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide evidence-based information on patient management; however, methodological differences exist in the development of CPGs. This study examines the methodological quality of AAA CPGs using a validated assessment tool.MethodsMedline, EMBASE and online CPG databases were searched from 1946 to 31 October 2021. Full-text, English language, evidence-based AAA CPGs were included. Consensus-based CPGs, summaries of CPGs or CPGs which were only available on purchase were excluded. Five reviewers assessed their quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. An overall guideline assessment scaled score of ≥80% was considered as the threshold to recommend CPG use in clinical practice.ResultsSeven CPGs were identified. Scores showed good inter-reviewer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.943, 95% CI 0.915 to 0.964). On average, CPGs performed adequately with mean scaled scores of over 50% in all domains. However, between CPGs, significant methodological heterogeneity was observed in all domains. Four CPGs scored ≥80% (European Society of Cardiology, the Society of Vascular Surgery, the European Society of Vascular Surgery and the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence), supporting their use in clinical practice.ConclusionsFour CPGs were considered of adequate methodological quality to recommend their use in clinical practice; nonetheless, these still showed areas for improvement, potentially through performing economic analysis and trial application of recommendations. A structured approach employing validated CPG creation tools should be used to improve rigour of AAA CPGs. Future work should also evaluate recommendation accuracy using validated appraisal tools.
Appetite for more exchange, connection and collaboration among senior health professionals
Authors: Sharp Sara , Prasad Anjana , Sugavanam Anita 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of global exchange around knowledge, skills and attitudes among senior healthcare professionals (SHPs). It has also revealed the need for strong peer-led networks and mentorship to tackle the high levels of burnout and ‘brain-drain’ already plaguing the National Health Service (NHS). We designed a survey to gauge the appetite for exchange programmes among SHPs.MethodsData collection was carried out via an online qualitative survey generated by SurveyMonkey software and analysed by three independent authors.Results155 responses were collected of which 87.7% were pre-COVID-19 pandemic. 74.2% had ideas to improve healthcare but could not take it forward. 86.6% felt frustrated/down-heartened about work. 74.3% wanted more sharing of teaching resources. 74.2% expressed interest in sabbatical programmes.ConclusionOur survey confirms the desire for more connection, collaboration and exchange among SHPs who are at high risk of burnout, silo-working and leaving the profession early. Sabbaticals have been used successfully in other industries, especially academia, for many years and show long-term investment and value from employers in their employees. Almost 75% of the SHPs in this survey were interested in this but logistics precluded easy access to them. HealthProMatch (HPM) is a platform where SHPs can connect, collaborate and arrange exchanges/sabbaticals with logistical ease. It focuses on bringing leadership, mentorship and quality improvement back home. HPM will pilot in the NHS within anaesthesia and hopes to increase job satisfaction and retention in this precious workforce group.
Influence of the interventionist’s experience on outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results from the MR CLEAN Registry
Authors: Olthuis Susanne G H , den Hartog Sanne J , van Kuijk Sander M J , Staals Julie , Benali Faysal , van der Leij Christiaan , Beumer Debbie , Lycklama à Nijeholt Geert J , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , Martens Jasper M , van Doormaal Pieter-Jan , Vos Jan Albert , Emmer Bart J , Dippel Diederik W J , van Zwam Wim H , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , de Ridder Inger R 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between the interventionist’s experience and outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation, is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of the interventionist’s level of experience on clinical, imaging, and workflow outcomes. Secondly, to determine which of the three experience definitions is most strongly associated with these outcome measures.MethodsWe analysed data from 2700 patients, included in the MR CLEAN Registry. We defined interventionist’s experience as the number of procedures performed in the year preceding the intervention (EXPfreq), total number of procedures performed (EXPno), and years of experience (EXPyears). Our outcomes were the baseline-adjusted National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 24–48 hours post-EVT, recanalization (extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score ≥2B), and procedural duration. We used multilevel regression models with interventionists as random intercept. For EXPfreq and EXPno results were expressed per 10 procedures.ResultsIncreased EXPfreq was associated with lower 24–48 hour NIHSS scores (adjusted (a)β:−0.46, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.21). EXPno and EXPyears were not associated with short-term neurological outcomes. Increased EXPfreq and EXPno were both associated with recanalization (aOR=1.20, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.31 and aOR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12, respectively), and increased EXPfreq, EXPno, and EXPyears were all associated with shorter procedure times (aβ:−3.08, 95% CI−4.32 to −1.84; aβ:−1.34, 95% CI−1.84 to −0.85; and aβ:−0.79, 95% CI−1.45 to −0.13, respectively).ConclusionsHigher levels of interventionist’s experience are associated with better outcomes after EVT, in particular when experience is defined as the number of patients treated in the preceding year. Every 20 procedures more per year is associated with approximately one NIHSS score point decrease, an increased probability for recanalization (aOR=1.44), and a 6-minute shorter procedure time.
Prospective arrhythmia surveillance after a COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Dewland Thomas A , Whitman Isaac R , Win Sithu , Sanchez Jose M , Olgin Jeffrey E , Pletcher Mark J , Santhosh Lekshmi , Kumar Uday , Joyce Sean , Yang Vivian , Hwang Janet , Ogomori Kelsey , Peyser Noah , Horner Cathy , Wen David , Butcher Xochitl , Marcus Gregory M 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCardiac arrhythmias have been observed among patients hospitalised with acute COVID-19 infection, and palpitations remain a common symptom among the much larger outpatient population of COVID-19 survivors in the convalescent stage of the disease.ObjectiveTo determine arrhythmia prevalence among outpatients after a COVID-19 diagnosis.MethodsAdults with a positive COVID-19 test and without a history of arrhythmia were prospectively evaluated with 14-day ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Participants were instructed to trigger the monitor for palpitations.ResultsA total of 51 individuals (mean age 42±11 years, 65% women) underwent monitoring at a median 75 (IQR 34–126) days after a positive COVID-19 test. Median monitoring duration was 13.2 (IQR 10.5–13.8) days. No participant demonstrated atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), sustained ventricular tachycardia or infranodal atrioventricular block. Nearly all participants (96%) had an ectopic burden of <1%; one participant had a 2.8% supraventricular ectopic burden and one had a 15.4% ventricular ectopic burden. While 47 (92%) participants triggered their monitor for palpitation symptoms, 78% of these triggers were for either sinus rhythm or sinus tachycardia.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence of malignant or sustained arrhythmias in outpatients after a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. While palpitations were common, symptoms frequently corresponded to sinus rhythm/sinus tachycardia or non-malignant arrhythmias such as isolated ectopy or non-sustained SVT. While these findings cannot exclude the possibility of serious arrhythmias in select individuals, they do not support a strong or widespread proarrhythmic effect of COVID-19 infection after resolution of acute illness.
Integrating Manifold Knowledge for Global Entity Linking with
Heterogeneous Graphs
Authors: Chen Zhibin , Wu Yuting , Feng Yansong , Zhao Dongyan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Entity Linking (EL) aims to automatically link the mentions in unstructured documents to corresponding entities in a knowledge base (KB), which has recently been dominated by global models. Although many global EL methods attempt to model the topical coherence among all linked entities, most of them failed in exploiting the correlations among manifold knowledge helpful for linking, such as the semantics of mentions and their candidates, the neighborhood information of candidate entities in KB and the fine-grained type information of entities. As we will show in the paper, interactions among these types of information are very useful for better characterizing the topic features of entities and more accurately estimating the topical coherence among all the referred entities within the same document. In this paper, we present a novel HEterogeneous Graph-based Entity Linker (HEGEL) for global entity linking, which builds an informative heterogeneous graph for every document to collect various linking clues. Then HEGEL utilizes a novel heterogeneous graph neural network (HGNN) to integrate the different types of manifold information and model the interactions among them. Experiments on the standard benchmark datasets demonstrate that HEGEL can well capture the global coherence and outperforms the prior state-of-the-art EL methods.
5. Co-Researchers’ Valued Capabilities
Authors: Martinez-Vargas Carmen 
Published: January 2022

Chapter Five centres around the debate on the creation of universal capabilities for all (Nussbaum, 2011) in relation to the results of the case study in South Africa. Using a prospective application of the Capabilities Approach, the chapter argues the need to identify the valued capabilities of a group of participants before undertaking participatory practices. The analysis explores the valued capabilities of the case study’s twelve co-researchers, presenting six central capabilities for this group: Epistemic, Ubuntu, Human Recognition, Self-development, Health, and Free Time and Leisure capabilities, in addition to conceputalising Colonial Conversion Factors and Insurgent Capabilities.
The chapter highlights the importance of identifying contextual capability choices when applying participatory research, instead of using a universal list, thus using Nussbaum’s central capabilities (2011) to compare and understand their differences. The chapter argues that there is good reason to scrutinise this list, as many cultural and contextual specificities are lost in such aggregations, thereby wasting the grassroots potential of the Capabilities Approach. The chapter provides alternatives ways of seeing and understanding the Capabilities Approach from a Western-centric perspective when applying participatory practices.
Amplified Upward Trend of the Joint Occurrences of Heat and Ozone Extremes in China over 2013–20
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Xu Yangyang , Zhang Xiaorui , Wang Fan , Lu Xiao , Cai Zongwei , Brasseur Guy , Gao Meng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Climate change and air pollution are two intimately interlinked global concerns. The frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves are projected to increase globally under future climate change. A growing body of evidence indicates that health risks associated with the joint exposure to heat waves and air pollution can be greater than that due to individual factors. However, the cooccurrences of heat and air pollution extremes in China remain less explored in the observational records. Here we investigate the spatial pattern and temporal trend of frequency, intensity, and duration of cooccurrences of heat and air pollution extremes using China’s nationwide observations of hourly PM2.5 and O3, and the ERA5 reanalysis dataset over 2013–20. We identify a significant increase in the frequency of cooccurrence of wet-bulb temperature (Tw) and O3 exceedances (beyond a certain predefined threshold), mainly in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region (up by 4.7 days decade−1) and the Yangtze River delta (YRD). In addition, we find that the increasing rate (compared to the average levels during the study period) of joint exceedance is larger than the rate of Tw and O3 itself. For example, Tw and O3 coextremes increased by 7.0% in BTH, higher than the percentage increase of each at 0.9% and 5.5%, respectively. We identify same amplification for YRD. This ongoing upward trend in the joint occurrence of heat and O3 extremes should be recognized as an emerging environmental issue in China, given the potentially larger compounding impact to public health.
Asymmetric Changes in Intraseasonal Oscillation Intensity over the Tropical Western North Pacific in El Niño and La Niña Developing Summers
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Wu Renguang , Gu Qinlu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) over the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) modulate atmospheric convection and heating and affect weather and climate in remote regions through atmospheric teleconnection. The present study unravels the fact that the ISO intensity increase over the tropical WNP in El Niño developing summers is larger, with the center located eastward, compared with the decrease in La Niña developing summers. The asymmetric ISO intensity changes are attributed to the eastward shift of regions of anomalous low-level westerly winds, ascent, easterly shear of zonal winds, and large moisture in El Niño developing summers and westward shift of regions of opposite anomalies in La Niña developing summers, respectively. The asymmetric atmospheric mean anomalies, in turn, are due to the westward shift of anomalous cooling in La Niña developing summers compared to anomalous warming in El Niño developing summers. The 10–20- and 30–60-day ISOs show different patterns of intensity variations due to their different source regions and propagation paths. Atmospheric model simulations confirm the asymmetric response of boreal summer ISO intensity over the tropical WNP to El Niño and La Niña events and the role of asymmetric atmospheric background field changes. Sensitivity experiments illustrate that asymmetric changes in the ISO intensity and atmospheric background fields over the tropical WNP are due to their asymmetric response to opposite tropical central-eastern Pacific SST anomalies. The asymmetry in tropical central-eastern Pacific SST anomalies in El Niño and La Niña events has a small impact on asymmetric ISO intensity changes over the tropical WNP.
To Accurately and Lightly Downscale the Temperature Field by Deep Learning
Authors: Tie Ruian , Shi Chunxiang , Wan Gang , Kang Lihua , Ge Lingling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Downscaling is essential in atmospheric science, aiming to infer the fine-scale field from the coarse-scale field. To obtain the high-resolution temperature field, our team proposed a deep learning–based model, the China Meteorological Administration land data assimilation system statistical downscaling model (CLDASSD). Inspired by some works in computer vision, we proposed the improved version, Light-CLDASSD, which is a lightweight model with fewer parameters. The modified model has the characteristics of light training and fewer parameters. What is more, we introduced station observation data in the model to make the downscaling results more accurate. Taking temperature as the research object, we performed experiments in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and downscaled the temperature field from 1/16° (0.0625°) to 0.01°. Experiments show that Light-CLDASSD can get robust results. As for spatial distribution, Light-CLDASSD can reconstruct fine and accurate spatial distribution on complex mountains and reconstruct small-scale characteristics in plain areas that other models cannot achieve. As for temporal change, Light-CLDASSD performs better at local noon and warm seasons. Furthermore, Light-CLDASSD achieves better performance than other models and is comparable with High-Resolution China Meteorological Administration’s Land Assimilation System (HRCLDAS). The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of Light-CLDASSD is 0.08°C lower than HRCLDAS, and the bias distribution is more concentrated at 0°C. This article is an upgrade of the CLDASSD model and preliminary exploration of the back-calculation for high-resolution historical data.

Significance Statement
This work proposes a deep learning–based statistical downscaling model named Light China Meteorological Administration land data assimilation system statistical downscaling model (Light-CLDASSD), which can downscale the temperature field generated by CLDAS from 1/16° (0.0625°) to 0.01°. Introducing observation data improves the performance, and the model results are comparable to HRCLDAS products. Our research is of great significance to developing high-resolution data and the back-calculation of historical assimilation data.
The Relationship between High-Presentation Asthma Days in Melbourne, Australia, and Modeled Thunderstorm Environments
Authors: Brown Andrew , Dowdy Andrew , Ebert Elizabeth E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Epidemic asthma events represent a significant risk to emergency services as well as the wider community. In southeastern Australia, these events occur in conjunction with relatively high amounts of grass pollen during the late spring and early summer, which may become concentrated in populated areas through atmospheric convergence caused by a number of physical mechanisms including thunderstorm outflow. Thunderstorm forecasts are therefore important for identifying epidemic asthma risk factors. However, the representation of thunderstorm environments using regional numerical weather prediction models, which are a key aspect of the construction of these forecasts, have not yet been systematically evaluated in the context of epidemic asthma events. Here, we evaluate diagnostics of thunderstorm environments from historical simulations of weather conditions in the vicinity of Melbourne, Australia, in relation to the identification of epidemic asthma cases based on hospital data from a set of controls. Skillful identification of epidemic asthma cases is achieved using a thunderstorm diagnostic that describes near-surface water vapor mixing ratio. This diagnostic is then used to gain insights on the variability of meteorological environments related to epidemic asthma in this region, including diurnal variations, long-term trends, and the relationship with large-scale climate drivers. Results suggest that there has been a long-term increase in days with high water vapor mixing ratio during the grass pollen season, with large-scale climate drivers having a limited influence on these conditions.

Significance Statement
We investigate the atmospheric conditions associated with epidemic thunderstorm asthma events in Melbourne, Australia, using historical model simulations of the weather. Conditions appear to be associated with high atmospheric moisture content, which relates to environments favorable for severe thunderstorms, but also potentially pollen rupturing as suggested by previous studies. These conditions are shown to be just as important as the concentration of grass pollen for a set of epidemic thunderstorm asthma events in this region. This means that weather model simulations of thunderstorm conditions can be incorporated into the forecasting process for epidemic asthma in Melbourne, Australia. We also investigate long-term variability in atmospheric conditions associated with severe thunderstorms, including relationships with the large-scale climate and long-term trends.
Ultraviolet Emissions from Explosive Detonation Breakout
Authors: Johnson Stephanie , Schwallier Joel , Glumac Nick 
Published: January 2022

Detailed spectroscopic measurements of high explosive detonation breakout in the ultraviolet region are presented. Molecular features associated with CN, NH, OH, and N2 are observed and analyzed. Spectra indicate extreme temperatures well in excess of 5000 K in the first few microseconds after breakout. Molecular bands are found to originate from the detonation products, as opposed to the ambient air, and are strongly attenuated in the presence of oxygen. Implications for forensic analysis of source explosive are discussed.