bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of MoAlB composites reinforced with SiC particles
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Shibo , Wu Shuang , Yao Boxiang , Fan Shukai , Bei Guoping , Yu Wenbo , Zhou Yang , Wu Ying , Ding Sun-An 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNovel MoAlB composites reinforced with 5–15 vol% SiC have been firstly prepared and characterized in the present study. The SiC reinforcement is stable with MoAlB at a sintering temperature of 1200 °C in Ar. The 5 vol% SiC/MoAlB composite exhibited improved mechanical properties and enhanced oxidation resistance. A flexural strength of 380 MPa and a Vickers hardness of 12.7 GPa were achieved and increased by 24% and 51%, respectively, as compared with those for MoAlB, indicating the enhanced strengthening effect of SiC. Cyclic oxidation tests at 1200 and 1300 °C for 10 h in air showed that the 5 vol% SiC/MoAlB composite has better oxidation resistance than MoAlB due to the formation of a dense and continuous scale composed of Al2O3 and SiO2, which prevents the oxygen inward diffusion and the evaporation of oxides. We expect that the general strategy of second phase reinforcing for materials will help to widen the applications of MoAlB composites.
Gauss process regression for real-time ionospheric delay estimation from GNSS observations
Authors: Lupsic Balazs , Takacs Bence 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe number of devices equipped with global satellite positioning has exceeded seven billion recently. There are a wide variety of receivers regarding their accuracy and reliability. Low cost, multi-frequency units have been released on the market latterly; however, the number of single-frequency receivers is still significant. Since their measurements are influenced by ionospheric delay, accurate ionosphere models are of utmost importance to reduce the effect. This paper summarizes how Gauss process regression (GPR) can be applied to derive near real-time regional ionosphere models using raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations of permanent stations. While Gauss process is widely used in machine learning, GPR is a nonparametric, Bayesian approach to regression. GPR has several benefits for ionosphere monitoring since it is quite robust and efficient to derive a grid model from data available in irregular set of ionospheric pierce points. The corresponding instrumental delays are estimated by a parallel Kalman filter. The presented algorithm can be applied near real-time, however the results are offline calculated and are compared to two high quality TEC map products. Based on the analysis, the accuracy of the GPR modell is in 2 TECu range. The developed methods could be efficiently applied in the field of autonomous vehicle navigation with meeting both accuracy and integrity requirements.
Die Landesparlamente im Zeichen der Emergency Politics in der Corona-Krise
Authors: Höhne Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn Deutschlands Performanz bei den Infektions- und Todeszahlen sowie den wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Folgen in Verbindung mit COVID-19 im EU27-Vergleich als zufriedenstellend bewertet würde, stellt sich die Frage nach der Input-Legitimität durch demokratische Verfahren. Sie wird ausgehend vom Konzept der Emergency Politics von Jonathan White am Beispiel Deutschlands mit seinem Notstandsregime der Bund-Länder-Konferenz und dessen Effekten auf die 16 Landesparlamente aufgeworfen. Anschließend daran wird argumentiert, dass die während der Pandemiewellen in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 vorherrschende Entscheidungsfindung und Beschlussfassung innerhalb der föderalen Staatsordnung einen Rahmen bildete, der den Parlamentsfunktionen weitgehend den Boden entzogen hat. Zentral für die Analyse ist die Darlegung der von der Pandemie evozierten Veränderung des Mehrebenen-Regierens durch die Bund-Länder-Konferenzen. Auswirkungen dieser von der Exekutive dominierten Krisenbewältigungspolitik wird für die auf der Landesebene wichtigsten Parlamentsfunktionen, die Kontrolle durch Mitregieren, Oppositionskontrolle, Gesetzgebung sowie das Herstellen von Öffentlichkeit, diskutiert. Empirische Grundlagen bilden Presseberichte, nichtöffentliche Beschlussvorlagen und Beschlüsse der Bund-Länder-Konferenz sowie Bevölkerungsbefragungen. Der Aufsatz schließt mit der Empfehlung, zukünftige Notstandspolitik institutionell besser vorzubereiten und dabei einen Platz für den Landesparlamentarismus vorzusehen.
Experimental and numerical investigation of different geometrical parameters in a centrifugal blood pump
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ehsan , Keshmiri Amir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Due to the importance of public health and economics, cardiovascular disease has become one of the most important debates and challenges for scientists. However, few studies have been done to address this challenge. The main objective of this document is to provide an optimal model to improve the performance of the left ventricular assist device and reduce costs. In this way, in the present study, the experimental and numerical procedures were developed to analyze the effects of the geometrical features and operational parameters on the performance of a centrifugal blood pump (CBP).

Methods
In order to achieve this aim, first, experimental tests were carried out to study the influence of the working fluid temperature and the rotational speed on the CBP. Subsequently, the performance of the CBP was assessed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and comparison was made against the experimental data. In addition, the influence of mounting an inducer on the overall performance of CBP was also investigated.

Results
Good agreement between the CFD and the data was obtained. The CFD results showed that increasing the fluid temperature and rotational speed leads to an increase in the hydraulic efficiency, pressure difference, and power. In addition, the reduction of the pressure difference and hydraulic efficiency with increasing the surface roughness was observed. While mounting an inducer on the pump did not significantly impact its overall performance, the highest value of the wall shear stress dropped moderately on the impeller and, therefore, unveiled the possibility of improving the performance of such designs.
Genetic adaptation to urban living: molecular DNA analyses of wild boar populations in Budapest and surrounding area
Authors: Zsolnai Attila , Csókás Adrienn , Szabó László , Patkó László , Csányi Sándor , Márton Mihály , Lakatos Erzsébet Anna , Anton István , Deutsch Ferenc , Heltai Miklós 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudies of wild boar, Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758, in urban and suburban areas of Budapest, Hungary, have indicated that these populations do not have continuous contact. Based on the assumption that the city has a discrete population, we hypothesized that the urban wild boar would differ genetically from those in suburban areas. Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) Porcine 50 K system (Neogen, Scotland, UK) differentiated three populations: Buda (B) from the Western bank of the Danube; Buda Surrounding (BS); and Valkó (V) from the Eastern bank of the Danube. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) for the B and BS populations was low. The inbreeding coefficients of the populations BS and V were close to zero, while population B had a high positive value reflecting the influence of founders and the inbreeding of the continuous urban population. The genome regions that were most differentiated between the B and BS populations were analyzed based on the FST values of the SNP markers using a mixed linear multi-locus model and BayeScan software. The most differentiated marker, WU_10.2_18_56278226, was found on chromosome 18. The surrounding region contained several candidate genes that could play important roles in adaptations related to human-induced stress. Two of these, encoding the adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) and inhibin beta A chain precursor (INHBA) genes, were sequenced. While IHBA gene did not display variation, the allele distribution of the ADCY1 gene in the B population was significantly different from that of the BS population supporting the parapatric differentiation of wild boar.
Cyberbullying, metacognition, and quality of life: preliminary findings from the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study (LABS)
Authors: McLoughlin Larisa T. , Simcock Gabrielle , Schwenn Paul , Beaudequin Denise , Driver Christina , Kannis-Dymand Lee , Lagopoulos Jim , Hermens Daniel F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCyberbullying contributes to poor mental health outcomes and quality of life (QoL), and peer victimisation has been shown to be positively associated with both positive and negative metacognition. Whilst metacognitive beliefs are associated with pathological worry, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and rumination in depression, research is yet to examine whether metacognitive beliefs influence negative outcomes, such as reduced QoL, associated with experiences of cyberbullying. This study examines whether cybervictimisation, cyberbullying and metacognition play predictive roles in QoL, and if metacognition mediates any association between cybervictimisation, cyberbullying and QoL over time. Participants in the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study (LABS), aged 12 years and in grade 7, who had completed up to four assessment time-points (T) were included in this analysis: T1: N = 65; T2: N = 61; T3: N = 56; T4: N = 44. Structural equation modeling revealed significant associations between cyberbullying, cybervictimisation, metacognitive beliefs, and QoL. However, mediation analysis showed that only cognitive confidence acted as a partial mediator between cybervictimisation and QoL. The results suggest those who were more frequently cybervictimised had reduced confidence in their memory, which resulted in lower QoL. In addition, uncontrollability/danger and superstition, punishment, and responsibility were all negatively associated with QoL, indicating that as these metacognitive beliefs increased, QoL decreased. Our findings highlight the detrimental impact that cybervictimisation experiences can have on QoL in young people over time, and that some forms of metacognitive beliefs can also impact QoL. These findings can inform educators and health professionals on the importance of metacognition in regard to QoL over time, particularly in those who experience cybervictimisation.
Tracer les limites des sociétés dans une perspective transeuropéenne: Les « Polonais de la Ruhr » à la fin du xixe et au début du xxe siècle
Authors: Friedrichs Anne 
Published: January 2022

Tracer les limites des sociétés dans une perspective transeuropéenne Les « Polonais de la Ruhr » à la fin du xixe et au début du xxe siècleCet article se penche sur les travailleurs germano-polonais, principalement originaires des régions orientales de la Prusse, de l’Autriche-Hongrie et de l’Empire russe, dans la vallée de la Ruhr au tournant des xixe et xxe siècles. À partir de cette étude de cas, nous cherchons à faire valoir un point méthodologique plus général permettant de repenser notre conception des sociétés, en étudiant les processus par lesquels la démarcation et l’appartenance ont été produites aux niveaux local, national et transeuropéen lorsqu’un nombre croissant de personnes sont venues, restées et parfois parties de nouveau. La figure intellectuelle et sociale des « Polonais de la Ruhr » est particulièrement révélatrice en ce qu’elle met au jour des attributions spatiales concurrentes dont les significations ont changé en fonction du monde social et du contexte. L’analyse des processus de différenciation et d’évaluation imbriqués dans lesquels ces migrants étaient impliqués donne un aperçu de l’influence exercée par les acteurs régionaux à travers les pratiques administratives de catégorisation. Elle met également en évidence les différentes manières dont les nouveaux arrivants se sont représentés et ont réglementé les relations sociales. Enfin, nous discutons des conséquences de ces processus interactifs dans la classification légale et académique d’individus qui se déplaçaient au-delà de la grille de lecture de l’État-nation – et entre des espaces multiples tels que la vallée de la Ruhr et les régions polonophones. L’article montre que même à une époque où l’idéal de l’État-nation devenait prédominant dans les discours universitaires et publics en Europe, différentes constructions de l’appartenance, fondées sur l’origine, la réussite et des visions de l’humanité commune des sujets se côtoyaient dans la région de la Ruhr en tant que zone économique façonnée par les mobilités.
Static-Dynamic Hybridity in Dynamical Models of Cognition
Authors: Weinberger Naftali , Allen Colin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDynamical models of cognition have played a central role in recent cognitive science. In this paper, we consider a common strategy by which dynamical models describe their target systems neither as purely static nor as purely dynamic, but rather using a hybrid approach. This hybridity reveals how dynamical models involve representational choices that are important for understanding the relationship between dynamical and non-dynamical representations of a system.
Speculation Made Material: Experimental Archaeology and Maker’s Knowledge
Authors: Currie Adrian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExperimental archaeology is often understood both as testing hypotheses about processes shaping the archaeological record and as generating tacit knowledge. Considering lithic technologies, I examine the relationship between these conceptions. Experimental archaeology is usefully understood via “maker’s knowledge”: archaeological experiments generate embodied know-how enabling archaeological hypotheses to be grasped and challenged, and further, well-positioning archaeologists to generate integrated interpretations. Finally, experimental archaeology involves “material speculation”: the constraints and affordances of archaeologists and their materials shape productive exploration of the capacities of objects and human skill in ways relevant to archaeological questions.
Rescuing Ontological Individualism
Authors: Guala Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStandard defenses of ontological individualism are challenged by arguments that exploit the dependence of social facts on material facts—that is, facts that are not about human individuals. In this article, I discuss Brian Epstein’s “materialism” inThe Ant Trap: granting Epstein’s strict definition of individualism, I show that his arguments depend crucially on a generous conception of social properties and social facts. Individualists, however, are only committed to the claim thatprojectibleproperties are individualistically realized, and materialists have not undermined this claim.
Are Points (Necessarily) Unextended?
Authors: Ehrlich Philip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince Euclid defined a point as “that which has no part” it has been widely assumed that points are necessarily unextended. It has also been assumed that this is equivalent to saying that points or, more properly speaking, degenerate segments, have length zero. We challenge these assumptions by providing models of Euclidean geometry where the points are extended despite the fact that the degenerate segments have null lengths, and observe that whereas the extended natures of the points are not recognizable in the given models, they can be recognized and characterized by structures that are suitable expansions of the models.
Impact of mother genetic and resource environment on her offspring’s growth features in Munjal sheep
Authors: Magotra Ankit , Bangar Yogesh C. , Chauhan Ashish , Yadav Abhay Singh , Malik Zile Singh 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe present study evaluated maternal and additive influences that contribute to phenotypic variation in various growth traits in Munjal sheep. The targeted traits that pertained to 2278 records of 706 lambs were birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WT3), 6-month body weight (WT6), 12-month body weight (WT12), average daily gain (ADG1: 0–3 months; ADG2: 3–6 months, ADG3: 6–12 months of age) and their corresponding Kleiber ratios designated as KR1, KR2 and KR3. The direct heritability estimates for BWT, WT3, WT6, WT12, ADG1, ADG2, ADG3, KR1, KR2 and KR3 under animal models were 0.20 ± 0.08, 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.17 ± 0.07, 0.47 ± 0.09, 0.33 ± 0.08, 0.09 ± 0.06, 0.36 ± 0.10, 0.33 ± 0.08, 0.09 ± 0.06 and 0.32 ± 0.10, respectively. The estimates of maternal genetic effects contributed significantly and were 8% and 7% for BWT and WT3 traits, respectively, which highlighted the considerable role of maternal effects on early growth traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from moderate to high between weaning and post-weaning traits. It was concluded that early selection that considered additive as well as maternal effects at weaning age may be delivered to the desired genetic progress in Munjal sheep.
Biventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and tricuspid hypoplasia in a novel non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding gene variant
Authors: Safi Sanam , Sanders Stephen P. , Zhao Melissa , Carreon Chrystalle Katte 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA maternally inherited novel pathogenic non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding gene variant c.767G>T, p.R256I [NM_001145408], manifested in a male infant as dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular dysfunction and dilation, biventricular non-compaction, tricuspid hypoplasia, and hydrocephaly. To the best of our knowledge, no previous non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding gene variants with biventricular non-compaction have been associated with tricuspid valve hypoplasia. Hence, this case introduces a new pathogenic variant observed in the non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding gene and adds to the range of cardiac phenotypes identified in non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding gene variants.
Using Your Beam Efficiently: Reducing Electron Dose in the STEM via Flyback Compensation
Authors: Mullarkey Tiarnan , Peters Jonathan J P , Downing Clive , Jones Lewys 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the scanning transmission electron microscope, fast-scanning and frame-averaging are two widely used approaches for reducing electron-beam damage and increasing image signal noise ratio which require no additional specialized hardware. Unfortunately, for scans with short pixel dwell-times (less than 5 μs), line flyback time represents an increasingly wasteful overhead. Although beam exposure during flyback causes damage while yielding no useful information, scan coil hysteresis means that eliminating it entirely leads to unacceptably distorted images. In this work, we reduce this flyback to an absolute minimum by calibrating and correcting for this hysteresis in postprocessing. Substantial improvements in dose efficiency can be realized (up to 20%), while crystallographic and spatial fidelity is maintained for displacement/strain measurement.
FDA-MIMO for target localization via multi-pulse tensor decomposition
Authors: Liu Yibin , Wang Chunyang , Gong Jian , Tan Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy combining multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology and multiple matched filters with frequency diverse array (FDA), FDA-MIMO radar can be used to achieve two-dimensional target localization with range and angle. In this paper, we propose two FDA-MIMO multi-pulse target localization methods based on tensor decomposition. Based on the canonical polyadic decomposition theory, the signal models of CPD-DP-FDA with double-pulse and CPD-SP-FDA with stepped frequency pulses are established. By analyzing the signal processing procedures of the two schemes, the indicator beampattern used for target localization is obtained. The parameter estimation accuracy of the proposed method is investigated in single target and multiple targets scenarios, and the proposed method is compared with the traditional double-pulse method. The results show that the target localization method based on tensor decomposition can effectively solve the problem of multi-target indication ambiguity. The target positioning effect can be further improved by combining stepped frequency pulses. The derivation of Cramer–Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) demonstrates the superiority of the method.
The risk of offspring mood and anxiety disorders in the context of prenatal maternal somatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gong Xiayu , Fan Zhixin , Xu Hanfang , Wang Hanzhang , Zeng Ningxi , Li Ling , Wu Lili , Yan Can 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
The importance of prenatal maternal somatic diseases for offspring mood and anxiety disorders may be overlooked or undervalued. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the risk of offspring mood and anxiety disorders in the context of prenatal maternal somatic diseases.

Methods
We screened articles indexed in Embase (including Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed-not-MEDLINE), PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO databases up to August 2021. 21 studies were included. We examined the overall associations between prenatal maternal somatic diseases and offspring mood/anxiety disorders. Analyses were stratified according to maternal somatic diseases and follow-up duration.

Results
We observed an increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders in the context of prenatal maternal somatic diseases [relative risk (RR) = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.37, RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.24–1.38]; maternal obesity(RR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.72–2.11), hypertensive disorders (RR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.11–1.86) and infertility (RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.39) were risk factors for mood disorders; maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (RR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.42–1.80), severe obesity (RR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.44–1.68) and moderate obesity (RR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.28–1.44) were risk factors for anxiety disorders. Prenatal maternal somatic diseases increased the risk of mood disorders in childhood and adulthood (RR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.34–2.09/RR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.09–1.30), as well as the risk of anxiety disorders in adulthood (RR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.26–1.41).

Conclusion
The results indicate that prenatal maternal somatic diseases are associated with offspring mood and anxiety disorders, and that the associations may be long-lasting.
Effective Energy of Cosmogenic Isotope (10Be, 14C and 36Cl) Production by Solar Energetic Particles and Galactic Cosmic Rays
Authors: Koldobskiy Sergey , Usoskin Ilya , Kovaltsov Gennady A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCosmogenic isotopes 14C, 10Be and 36Cl measured in datable natural archives provide the only known quantitative proxy for cosmic‐ray (CR) and solar‐activity variability before the era of direct measurements. Studies of relations between the measured isotope concentrations and CR variability require complicated modeling including the isotope production and transport in the terrestrial system. Here we propose a rough “effective energy” method to make quick estimates of the CR variability directly from the cosmogenic data using an approximate linear scaling between the measured isotope concentrations and the energy‐integrated flux of CR above the effective energy. The method is based on the thoroughly computed effective yield function presented here. A simple way to account for the variable geomagnetic field is also provided. The method was developed for both solar energetic particles (SEPs) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) variability and is shown to provide a robust result within 20% and 1% accuracy, respectively, without an assumption of the specific spectral shape. Applications of the effective‐energy method to the known extreme SEP events and the secular GCR variability are discussed. The new method provides a simple and quick tool to assess the CR variability in the past. On the other hand, it does not supersede the full detailed modeling required for precise results.