bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's disaster knowledge, risk perceptions, and preparedness: A cross‐country comparison in Nepal and Turkey
Authors: Yildiz Ayse , Dickinson Julie , Priego‐Hernández Jacqueline , Teeuw Richard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile children are one of the groups at risk in disasters, they can also take an active part in disaster management, provided that the opportunity is given. This research examined the effect of disaster experience, disaster education, country, and city socioeconomic status on children's perceived risk and preparedness with a survey of 1335 children between 11 and 14 years old, in Nepal and Turkey. The survey used questionnaires and the pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM) tool. Results showed that (1) children's risk perceptions were in line with their country‐specific objective risks; (2) there were differences between the countries in relation to perception of risk for all the hazards except wildfire; (3) socioeconomic status had a statistically significant effect on children's perceptions of risk and preparedness for earthquakes, wildfires, that is, children who live in wealthier places had higher perceived risk and preparedness; (4) children in both countries showed similar trends in their knowledge of the correct protective actions to take in the event of a hazard occurrence. However, there is still room to enhance children's knowledge, in terms of safety behaviors, as the children selected many incorrect protective actions. There are important implications in terms of child‐centered disaster management which hopefully will make life safer and help to create more resilience to disaster in society as a whole.
Improving OpenStreetMap missing building detection using few‐shot transfer learning in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Li Hao , Herfort Benjamin , Lautenbach Sven , Chen Jiaoyan , Zipf Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpenStreetMap (OSM) has been intensively used to support humanitarian aid activities, especially in the Global South. Its data availability in the Global South has been greatly improved via recent humanitarian mapping campaigns. However, large rural areas are still incompletely mapped. The timely provision of map data is often essential for the work of humanitarian actors in the case of disaster preparation or disaster response. Therefore, it has become a vital challenge to boost the speed and efficiency of existing humanitarian mapping workflows. We address this challenge by proposing a novel few‐shot transfer learning (FSTL) method to improve the accuracy of OSM missing building detection. We trained two popular object detection models (i.e., Faster R‐CNN and SSD) in a training area in Tanzania and transferred the model to target areas in Cameroon and Mozambique. The FSTL method significantly improved the base model performance even with only one training shot. Moreover, we successfully produced a grid‐based OSM missing building map (DeepVGI) of 10 m spatial resolution with over 96% overall accuracy (ACC) and 0.85 Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) in both Cameroon and Mozambique. Such maps show great potential to assess and estimate the overall completeness of OSM buildings to support humanitarian mapping activities, especially in places where other (e.g., buildings, roads) datasets are not available.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis unveils the deep phylogeny and secondary metabolite evolution of 116 Camellia plants
Authors: Wu Qiong , Tong Wei , Zhao Huijuan , Ge Ruoheng , Li Ruopei , Huang Jin , Li Fangdong , Wang Yanli , Mallano Ali Inayat , Deng Weiwei , Wang Wenjie , Wan Xiaochun , Zhang Zhengzhu , Xia Enhua 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYCamellia plants include more than 200 species of great diversity and immense economic, ornamental, and cultural values. We sequenced the transcriptomes of 116 Camellia plants from almost all sections of the genus Camellia. We constructed a pan‐transcriptome of Camellia plants with 89 394 gene families and then resolved the phylogeny of genus Camellia based on 405 high‐quality low‐copy core genes. Most of the inferred relationships are well supported by multiple nuclear gene trees and morphological traits. We provide strong evidence that Camellia plants shared a recent whole genome duplication event, followed by large expansions of transcription factor families associated with stress resistance and secondary metabolism. Secondary metabolites, particularly those associated with tea quality such as catechins and caffeine, were preferentially heavily accumulated in the Camellia plants from section Thea. We thoroughly examined the expression patterns of hundreds of genes associated with tea quality, and found that some of them exhibited significantly high expression and correlations with secondary metabolite accumulations in Thea species. We also released a web‐accessible database for efficient retrieval of Camellia transcriptomes. The reported transcriptome sequences and obtained novel findings will facilitate the efficient conservation and utilization of Camellia germplasm towards a breeding program for cultivated tea, camellia, and oil‐tea plants.
Vibration and Acoustic Crepitus Sensing Using Piezoelectric Accelerometers
Authors: Roytman Gregory , Budavich Matthew , Pocius Judith D. , Faydenko Jocelyn , Muligano Dana , Cramer Gregory 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The vibration and acoustic emissions produced within facet joints of the lumbar spine, known as crepitus, can be a potential biomarker to identify decreased joint functioning and the site of low back pain. Using piezoelectric accelerometers and a silicone “phantom” mechanical model, we sought to identify the site of crepitus. Past analyses of these data with human observers have been too time consuming for eventual practical clinical application, and a more expedient algorithmic method of analysis is preferable. In this study, the signal filtering and processing functions of matlab were harnessed to filter aberrant noise as well as determine the location (level and left or right side) from which crepitus originated during induced crepitus events in the phantom model (n = 30). Development of this automated method refined the definition of facet joint crepitus. The automated method was found to be as reliable and valid as assessment by human observers and took significantly less time (p = 0.009). Future studies will assess the reliability of the automated method to detect this phenomenon in humans.
A Probabilistic Learning Approach Applied to the Optimization of Wake Steering in Wind Farms
Authors: Almeida Jeferson O. , Rochinha Fernando A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe wake steering control in wind farms has gained significant attention in the last years. This control strategy has shown promise to reduce energy losses due to wake effects and increase the energy production in a wind farm. However, wind conditions are variable in wind farms, and the measurements are uncertain what should be considered in the design of wake steering control strategies. This paper proposes using the probabilistic learning on manifold (PLoM), which can be viewed as a supervised machine learning method, to enable the wake steering optimization under uncertainty. The expected power generation is estimated considering uncertainties in wind speed and direction with good accuracy and reduced computational cost for two wind farm layouts, which expand the application of machine learning models in wake steering. Furthermore, the analysis shows the potential gain with the application of wake steering control.
Robust Periodical Tracking for Fast Tool Servo Systems With Selective Disturbance Compensation
Authors: Liu Pengbo , Yan Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fast tool servo (FTS) systems have emerged as a promising technology in ultraprecision manufacturing, where sophisticated contouring in the manufacturing process poses significant challenges to the dynamical tracking of periodical references at nanoscale. The situation is further complicated by the existence of time delays, load variations, as well as disturbances. Comprehensive handling of these problems in a unified framework is crucial to the manufacturing precision of FTS systems. In this paper, we propose a modified robust repetitive control structure for FTS systems with time delays to improve the tracking performance by loop shaping. On top of the specific structure of the robust repetitive controller, a parallel structure is first introduced to optimize the low-pass filter to increase controller gains at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, such that an improved tracking performance is obtained but at the cost disturbance rejection capabilities. To this end, a cascaded structure is then introduced to further shape the sensitivity function to compensate the external disturbances especially near the maximum sensitivity frequency. Taking the robustness against model uncertainties into consideration, we further formulate the multistage design of the proposed controller as an H∞ optimization problem solving by skew Toeplitz approach. Real-time experiments are conducted on a prototype of the FTS system demonstrating excellent tracking performance of the proposed control approach.
Effects of Accelerated Oxidation on Fuel Spray and Engine Characteristics of Karanja Biodiesel
Authors: Suraj C. K. , Krishnasamy Anand , Gowrishankar Sudarshan , Sundararajan T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The unsaturated content of biodiesel makes it prone to oxidation resulting in variations in the fuel properties, hindering its widespread application. Variations in biodiesel properties impact injection, spray, evaporation, mixing and combustion processes. The present study investigates the effect of accelerated oxidized Karanja biodiesel on injector flow, macroscopic spray, and engine characteristics. The accelerated oxidation of Karanja biodiesel is carried out by heating and bubbling the air through the fuel. The variations in fuel properties that profoundly influence spray and engine characteristics are analyzed before and after accelerated oxidation. Even though biodiesel viscosity is increased beyond the ASTM specification limit due to accelerated oxidation, the variations in the density, surface tension, and calorific value are marginal. The injector flow and macroscopic spray characteristics are investigated for fresh and oxidized biodiesel using a constant volume spray chamber at different chamber and injection pressures. The results indicate a similar fuel flowrate and injection velocity for the fresh and oxidized biodiesels at identical test conditions. Under identical test conditions, the macroscopic spray characteristics between the test fuels are negligible. Engine experiments with fresh and oxidized biodiesel are carried out in an automotive truck diesel engine at rated torque speed and variable load conditions. A shorter ignition delay (∼20% lower), less intense premixed combustion, and lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions (∼27% lower) are observed with oxidized biodiesel. The study concludes that despite significant variations in the kinematic viscosity of fresh and oxidized biodiesels (∼28% higher), the variations in macroscopic spray and engine performance characteristics are insignificant.
Change of Direction Speed in Youth Male Soccer Players: The Predictive Value of Anthropometrics and Biological Maturity
Authors: Negra Yassine , Sammoud Senda , Nevill Alan M. , Chaabene Helmi 
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to develop the optimal allometric body size/shape and a biological maturity model that predicted the change of direction (CoD) mean speed performance in youth male soccer players. One-hundred and fifteen youth soccer players (age: 12.4 [1.3] y) participated in this study. The 505 test was used to assess CoD mean speed performance. Anthropometric measurements comprised body height (cm), sitting height (cm), body mass (kg), fat mass (kg), lower limb length (cm), thigh length (cm), leg length (cm), foot length (cm), thigh girth (cm), and calf girth (cm). The maturity status was determined based on the maturity offset method. To identify size/shape and maturity characteristics associated with CoD speed performance, we computed a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. The multiplicative allometric model exploring the association between 505 CoD mean speed performance and the different anthropometric characteristics in youth soccer players estimated that fat mass (P < .001), sitting height (P = .02), and maturity offset (P = .004) are the key predictors. More specifically, youths who are more mature and have a lower fat mass and a shorter trunk length, are likely to achieve a better CoD mean speed performance. These findings highlight the relevance of considering anthropometric and maturity characteristics in youth soccer players to support talent identification.
Equilibrium Composition of Products Formed by Non-catalytic Conversion of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Savchenko V. I. , Zimin Ya. S. , Busillo E. , Nikitin A. V. , Sedov I. V. , Arutyunov V. S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The kinetic patterns of the attainment of the equilibrium product composition in non-catalytic processes of partial oxidation and of steam and carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbons in the temperature range 1400–1800 K, characteristic of these processes, were analyzed. The need for such analysis is caused by the rapidly increasing consumption of natural gas as a chemical feedstock and by growing attention to environmental problems, in particular, to a decrease in СО2 emissions or to partial CO2 utilization. The forward and reverse water gas shift reactions (WGSRs) play an important role in approach to the equilibrium product composition in these processes. Analysis has shown that the elementary reactions characteristic of forward and reverse WGSRs start to play a significant role long before the equilibrium in the system is attained. Already in the intermediate steps of the process, the distribution of the major reaction products, Н2, СО, Н2О, and СО2, almost corresponds to the equilibrium value of Kt = ([H2][CO2])/([CO][H2O]), close to the WGSR equilibrium constant Keq, and further conversion of the products occurs at Kt values close to Keq.
Anaesthetic National Teaching Programme for Students (ANTPS)
Authors: Wicks Saskia K , Kumar Prakrit Raj , Kumar Ranya Vardini , Arthur-Quarm Stella , Gavalas Manolis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly undermined undergraduate anaesthetic teaching in spite of the vital role of the specialty against the pandemic. Anaesthetic National Teaching Programme for Students (ANTPS) was designed to meet the evolving needs of undergraduates and tomorrow’s doctor by standardising anaesthetic training, preparing for final exams and equipping competencies vital for doctors of all grades and specialties. Our Royal College of Surgeons England-accredited University-College-Hospital-affiliated programme consisted of six-biweekly sessions were delivered online by anaesthetic trainees. Prerandomised and postrandomised session-specific multiple-choice questions (MCQs) assessed students’ improvement in knowledge. Anonymous feedback forms were provided to students after each session and 2 months following the programme. 3743 student feedback forms (92.2% of attendees) across 35 medical-schools were recorded. There was a mean improvement in test score (0.94±1.27, p&lt;0.001). 313 students completed all six sessions. Based on 5-point Likert scale, students who completed the programme showed an improvement in their confidence in knowledge and skills to face common foundation challenges (1.59±1.12, p&lt;0.001) and thus felt better prepared for life as junior doctors (1.60±1.14, p&lt;0.001). With an increase in confidence in students to pass their MCQs, Observed Structured Clinical Examinations and case-based discussion assessments, 3525 students stated they would recommend ANTPS to other students. Unprecedented COVID-19 factors impacting training, positive student feedback and extensive recruitment, demonstrate that our programme is an indispensable learning resource which standardises anaesthetic undergraduate education nationally, prepares undergraduates for their anaesthetic and perioperative exams and lays strong foundations for implementation of clinical skills required by all doctors, to optimise training and patient care.
Ex ante evaluation of the impact of tobacco control policy measures aimed at the point of sale in the Netherlands
Authors: van Deelen Tessa R D , Kunst Anton E , van den Putte Bas , Veldhuizen Els M , Kuipers Mirte A G 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe Netherlands aims to implement stricter tobacco control policies targeting the retail environment. This paper is an ex ante policy evaluation of the potential impact of the current tobacco display and advertising ban as well as future tobacco sales bans on tobacco outlet visibility and availability.MethodsBetween September 2019 and June 2020, all potential tobacco retailers in four Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Haarlem and Zwolle) were visited and mapped using Global Positioning System. For each retailer selling tobacco, we completed a checklist on the visibility of tobacco products and advertising. Expected reductions in tobacco outlet visibility and availability were calculated per policy measure in absolute numbers (percentage or percentage point decrease) as well as density and proximity.ResultsOut of 870 tobacco outlets, 690 were identified with visible tobacco products/advertising. The display ban in supermarkets and small outlets (respectively) is expected to decrease the number (−15; −42 percentage points), outlet density per 10 000 capita (−0.9; −2.6) and proximity in metres (+27 m; +400 m) of outlets with visible products/advertising. The upcoming bans on vending machines and sales in supermarkets are expected to decrease the number (−12%; −31%), density (−0.7; −1.9) and proximity (+12 m; +68 m) of tobacco outlets. Further changes in the number, density and proximity (respectively) of tobacco outlets may be achieved with future sales bans in petrol stations (−7%; −0.4; +60 m) and particularly with a ban on sales in small outlets (−43%; −2.7; +970 m).ConclusionA display ban and a sales ban in small outlets will contribute most to reducing tobacco outlet visibility and availability, assuming that no market shift towards other tobacco outlets will take place.
Effects of quintessence and configuration of strings on the black holes of Lovelock-scalar gravity
Authors: Ali Askar , Saifullah Khalid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLovelock gravity containing dimensionally continued Euler densities can be considered as a natural extension of Einstein’s theory of gravity in higher dimensions such that the associated differential equations of motion are still second order. In this paper, the Lovelock gravity is coupled with a scalar field and dimensionally continued hairy black holes in the presence of quintessential matter and cloud of strings are analyzed. Thermodynamics of these black holes is discussed as well. It is shown that the thermodynamic quantities satisfy the generalized first law. The generalized Smarr’s relation is also derived and thermodynamic stability checked. Finally, black holes of general Lovelock-scalar theory are also briefly discussed.
Transfer learning with NASNet-Mobile for Pneumonia X-ray classification
Authors: Naskinova Irina 
Published: May 2022

Pneumonia affects 7% of the population worldwide and results in about four million deaths worldwide. The mortality caused by pneumonia can be prevented, as the treatment is low-tech and low-cost, yet it often goes unrecognized. The chest X-ray is the most reliable diagnostic imaging technique for pneumonia. Yet, often it is not used for lack of trained diagnosticians. However, this can be overcome with deep learning computer-aided diagnostic technology, which is shown in this study as well is in previous research to be able to achieve high performance in detecting and classifying between healthy and pneumonia radio graph images. This study presents a comparison between a transfer learning model based on NASNet-Mobile and a custom custom convolutional neural network (CNN) topology. Transfer learning has enhanced the model performance with an average of 5% for accuracy and lowered the loss with 15%. The experiments point to the fact that with fine-tuning, transfer learning can greatly improve custom CNN models. These results are significant as building transfer learning models based on simpler models can be faster and cheaper to industrialize and can be a viable option for providing the needed computer-aided diagnostic support system for pneumonia detection in chest radio graphs.
CXCL14 Promotes a Robust Brain Tumor-Associated Immune Response in Glioma
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Mohamed Esraa , Tong Schuyler , Chen Katharine , Mukherjee Joydeep , Lim Yunita , Wong Cynthia M. , Boosalis Zoe , Shai Anny , Pieper Russell O. , Gupta Nalin , Perry Arie , Bollen Andrew W. , Molinaro Annette M. , Solomon David A. , Shieh Joseph T.C. , Phillips Joanna J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment present in the majority of diffuse glioma limits therapeutic response to immunotherapy. As the determinants of the glioma-associated immune response are relatively poorly understood, the study of glioma with more robust tumor-associated immune responses may be particularly useful to identify novel immunomodulatory factors that can promote T-cell effector function in glioma.

Experimental Design:
We used multiplex immune-profiling, proteomic profiling, and gene expression analysis to define the tumor-associated immune response in two molecular subtypes of glioma and identify factors that may modulate this response. We then used patient-derived glioma cultures and an immunocompetent murine model for malignant glioma to analyze the ability of tumor-intrinsic factors to promote a CD8+ T-cell response.

Results:
As compared with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma, MAPK-activated pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) harbored increased numbers of activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and Iba1+ microglia/macrophages, increased MHC class I expression, enrichment of genes associated with antigen presentation and processing, and increased tumor cell secretion of the chemokine CXCL14. CXCL14 promoted activated CD8+ T-cell chemotaxis in vitro, recruited tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in vivo, and prolonged overall survival in a cytotoxic T-cell–dependent manner. The immunomodulatory molecule B7-H3 was also highly expressed in PXA.

Conclusions:
We identify the MAPK-activated lower grade astrocytoma PXA as having an immune-rich tumor microenvironment and suggest this tumor may be particularly vulnerable to immunotherapeutic modulation. We also identify CXCL14 as an important determinant of the glioma-associated immune microenvironment, sufficient to promote an antitumor CD8+ T-cell response.