bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOP2A expression in pheochromocytoma and abdominal paraganglioma: a novel marker of poor clinical outcome?
Authors: Höse Karolina Solhusløkk , Stenman Adam , Svahn Fredrika , Larsson Catharina , Juhlin Carl Christofer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Pheochromocytoma and abdominal paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells. Even though only 10-15% of the tumors metastasize, all PPGL are considered potentially malignant. Topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A) is a protein involved in cell proliferation and was recently found to be over-expressed in metastatic PPGL.
Aims: To provide support whether TOP2A could serve as a prognostic marker to distinguish metastatic tumors from non-metastatic ones.
Material and Methods: A retrospective study including histologically verified PPGL with adequate tissue content to allow molecular studies. The cohort included 88 PPGL and 10 normal adrenal gland samples. The expression of TOP2A was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry and compared to clinical parameters connected to metastatic behavior. The Cancer Genome Atlas was used for validation of the results.
Results: A significant association between high TOP2A mRNA expression in primary PPGL and subsequent metastatic events (p = 0.009) was found, as well as to specific histological features and clinical parameters connected to metastatic behavior. TOP2A immunoreactivity was calculated as an index of positive nuclei divided by the total amount of nuclei, and this index associated to TOP2A mRNA levels (p = 0.023).
Conclusions:TOP2A is a potential prognostic marker as it is frequently elevated in PPGL displaying subsequent metastatic disease, and future studies in larger cohorts are warranted to determine if a TOP2A index as assessed by immunohistochemistry could be a marker of poor outcome. Additionally, elevated levels of TOP2A could indicate a potential actionable event, and future studies with topoisomerase inhibitors would be of interest.
Easily separated and sustainable cellulose-based adsorbent using a facile two-steps modification for highly efficient methylene blue removal
Authors: Zhou Keming , Yan Lianpeng , Zhang Rui , Zhu Xuedong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Eco-friendly cellulose-based magnetic adsorbents have attracted great attention in the field of dye adsorption recently. Herein, we utilized the pith of biomass Juncus effusus (JE) to synthesize a novel type of magnetic adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater containing methylene blue (MB). After esterification and magnetization two-steps modification, the obtained magnetic citric acid-modified JE pith powders (M-CA/JEPP) showed outstanding adsorption properties. For 50 mg/L MB dye solution, the adsorption efficiency could reach 98.34% within 10 minutes under basic condition and the maximum adsorption capacity was 293.132 mg/g at 303 K. The adsorption efficiency could also keep a high level in five cycles. Moreover, magnetization overcomes the disadvantages of JE powders density being small which is very difficult to collect, and a 24.8 emu/g saturation magnetization was achieved. In the other words, this magnetic adsorbent has excellent reusability and it is easily to be separated from water, which provides new insights for development of cellulose-based adsorbents to remove dye in aqueous systems.
Impact of endoscopic metallic stent placement and emergency surgery on detection of viable circulating tumor cells for acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction
Authors: Ni Zhizhan , Cao Yuepeng , Liu Liming , Huang Chenshen , Xie Huahao , Zhou Jinzhe , Ge Bujun , Huang Qi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) served as a bridge to surgery (BTS). However, this method may be associated with worse long-term prognosis and relapse of CRC patients. Therefore, we attempted to clarify this in the angle of Circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
Methods: A multicenter study was performed from March 2018 to January 2021. 32 colorectal cancer patients with obstruction were selected, of which 21 patients were performed SEMS as a BTS while 11 patients were performed emergency surgery.Bloods samples were collected in two groups of patients for further detecting CTCs. In SEMS group, the samples were collected before and after stent insert and after radical surgery performed. In ES group, the samples were collected before stent insert and after emergency surgery performed.
Results: The number of CTCs did not show statistically significant differences before and after stent placement (34.90 vs 38.33, p=0.90), neither between the SEMS group and ES group in initial CTC levels (34.90 vs 58.09, p=0.394). No significant differences (38.33 vs 58.09, p=0.632) were observed after stent insert in SMES group and the initial CTC levels in ES group. Moreover, no major differences (24.17 vs 42.27, p=0.225) were observed after radical operation performed in both groups.
Conclusion: The treatment of SEMS does not cause an increase in the number of CTC after stent insertion. Furthermore, there aremay be other factors besides CTC to cause these poorer oncologic outcomes after SEMS placement.
Effect of Tungsten Oxide on Structure and Physical Properties for Germanium Boro-silicate glass
Authors: Mundher M. , Bendary A. A. , Farag M. A. , Bediwi Abu Bakr El- , Hassaan M. Y. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This research was studied the effect of adding tungsten oxide (WO3) on the structural and physical properties of the germanium boro-silicate (Na2B4O7-SiO2-Ge2O3) glass. The role of tungsten oxide in a glass matrix was studied by using infrared spectra, optical absorption and density. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were determined based on the absorption spectra. The infrared spectra and UV–vis spectroscopy results show that, the used glasses have glassy or amorphously structure and its increase with increasing WO3 content. The density of Na2B4O7-SiO2-(Ge2O3)15−x-(WO3)x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. %) glasses increased in the range of 2.574 to 2.683 g/cm3 with the increasing tungsten oxide content. The optical band gap value decreased, from 3.34 to 2.81 eV, but Urbach energy increased with increasing WO3 concentration.
Artificial Intelligence Systems for Value Added Tax Collection via Self Organizing Map (SOM)
Authors: Bankole Felix , Vara Zama 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose: Corporates and private businesses, primarily uses Artificial Intelligence to influence business models, sales processes, customer segmentation, strategy formation and as well as to understand customer behaviours, thus increase revenue. There is substantial research on the influence of Artificial Intelligence on business strategies with the objectives of increasing revenue (Stallkamp & Schotter, 2021). However, there is limited research on the use of AI in information systems research to assist in the efforts of revenue collection and VAT fraud detection. Subsequently, the present study explores the use of Artificial Intelligence in VAT fraud detection. The main purpose of the study is to determine how corporate VAT fraud could be detected in real time (Alshantti and Rasheed, 2021). The research question poses to identify what type of AI technique or framework could be applied to determine VAT fraud?
Problem Statement: VAT fraud is a major problem for tax administrations across the world. Tax fraud detection is likely to become even more important with recent developments in Artificial Intelligence. Auditing VAT declarations is a slow and costly process that is very prone to errors. Conducting VAT audits for example, involves costs to the tax administration as well as to the taxpayer. Furthermore, the field of fraud detection is characterised by unlabelled historical datasets. In this study the use of unsupervised machine learning algorithm is put forward. Unsupervised algorithms are well suited to unlabelled historical datasets, common in the fraud detection or classification arena. The authors conduct experiments using an unsupervised Neural Network algorithm to classify suspicious Value Added Tax declarations. Thus, assist in the efforts of tax audits by tax administrations. Consequently, it is envisaged that the chances of detecting fraudulent VAT declarations will be enhanced using AI techniques as proposed in this research.
Methods: Neural Network Self-Organizing Map (SOM) methodology based on VAT fraud detection.
Results: Using SOM methodology, the results shows that VAT fraud or suspicious behaviour can be detected or differentiated by observing VAT declarations from attributes such as VAT liability, exempt supplies, refund, and input VAT on capital goods purchased.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the value added tax credit (VAT) and refund mechanism offers unique opportunities for abuse, and thus has recently become a crucial concern for revenue services (e.g., Internal Revenue Service, the South African Revenue Service (SARS) and HM Revenue and Customs). Consequently, this study presented artificial intelligenceframework that detects VAT fraud in real-time.
Some new refinements of the Young, H ̈older and Minkowski inequalities
Authors: Nikolova Ludmila , Persson Lars-Erik , Varošanec Sanja 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We prove and discuss some new refined Hölder’s inequalities for any p > 1 and also a reversed version for 0 < p < 1. The key is to use the concept of superquadraticity, strong convexity and to first prove the corresponding refinements of the Young and reversed Young inequalities. Refinement of the Minkowski and reversed Minkowski inequalities are also given.
Nerve growth factor- and non-stimulated PC12 cells as models for sympathetic ganglion neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells
Authors: Harada Keita , Matsuoka Hidetada , Inoue Masumi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
PC12 cells are an immortalized cell line originating from rat adrenal medullary chromaffin (AMC) cells and extend a neurite-like structure in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). Thus, non-stimulated and NGF-stimulated PC12 cells are used as model cells for AMC cells and sympathetic ganglion cells, respectively. However, how closely non-stimulated and stimulated PC12 cells resemble AMC cells and sympathetic neurons, respectively, has not sufficiently been elucidated. In addition, how the properties of PC12 cells are affected by NGF remains unclear. These issues were explored by using biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. AMC cells and PC12 cells selectively expressed UCP3 and UCP4, respectively, key proteins which are involved in energy metabolism in a cell-specific manner, and glucocorticoid activity exerted an inhibitory effect on UCP4 expression in PC12 cells. The expression levels of chromaffin granule-associated proteins in PC12 cells were extremely small, whereas the amount of synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle-associated protein, was much larger than that in the adrenal medulla. As found in AMC cells, the muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1R) were located at the cell periphery in basal PC12 cells, as was markedly enhanced by NGF. Furthermore, the proteins involved in GABA auto/paracrine function in AMC cells were expressed in non-stimulated PC12 cells, but not in NGF-stimulated cells. The results suggest that the properties of basal PC12 cells are between those of AMC cells and sympathetic ganglion cells, and glucocorticoid activity and NGF induce differentiation into AMC cells and sympathetic neurons, respectively, and GABA functions as an auto/paracrine factor in AMC cells.
Neuroprotective Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis in Parkinson’s disease and Multi-Target Mechanisms Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Chand Jagdish , Subramanian Gomathy , Jupudi Srikanth , Duyu Taaza , Baba Mohammad Zubair , Wahedi Umair 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Examining the Importance of Existing Relationships for Co-offending: a Temporal Network Analysis in Bogota, Colombia (2005-2018)
Authors: Nieto Alberto , Davies Toby , Borrion Hervé 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims: The study aims at improving our understanding of how co-offending networks evolve - i.e., networks connecting those who co-executed crimes. To this end, we tested four growth mechanisms that explain how social networks evolved on three co-offending networks observed in Bogotá (Colombia) between 2005 and 2018. These mechanisms are popularity (i.e., offenders decide to commit a crime with individuals that have previously co-offended with numerous accomplices); reciprocity (i.e., offenders recruit former recruiters to commit new crimes); reinforcement (i.e., offenders re-select former accomplices); and triadic closure (i.e., offenders commit new crimes with the accomplices of their accomplices). Data and
Methods: We identified co-offending networks using records of closed and ongoing criminal investigations (N = 286,591) of adult offenders (N = 274,689) in Bogotá between 2005 and 2018. Three connected components with 4,286, 227, and 211 offenders were observed at the end of the study period. The evolution of these components was examined using temporal information in tandem with discrete choice models and simulations to understand the mechanisms that could explain how these components evolved.
Results: The results show that the three co-offending networks evolved differently during the period of interest. Popularity yielded negative statistically significant coefficients for the largest network, suggesting that having more connections reduced the odds of connecting with incoming offenders in this network. Reciprocity and reinforcement yielded mixed results as we observed negative statistically significant coefficients in the network with 211 offenders and positive statistically significant coefficients in the one with 4,286 offenders. Triadic closure produced positive, statistically significant coefficients in all the networks.
Conclusions: The results suggest that a combination of growth mechanisms might explain how co-offending networks grow, highlighting the importance of considering offenders' network-related characteristics when studying accomplice selection. They also show that popular co-offenders (i.e., those with multiple connections to other offenders) can not explain how co-offending networks evolve, reducing the importance attributed to frequent offenders when explaining how co-offending networks grow. Moreover, it appears that offenders' accomplices play an essential role in the evolution of co-offending networks. Besides adding evidence about triadic closure as a universal property of social networks, this result indicates that further analyses are needed to understand better how accomplices shape criminal careers.
Selinexor demonstrates anti-tumor efficacy in paired patient-derived xenograft models and hydrogel-embedded histoculture drug sensitivity test of penile cancer
Authors: He Yuanqiao , Mei Jiaqi , Hao Hua , Liu Fanrong , Yi Yun , Hu Chao , Zhou Fangxin , Lu Xiongbin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, even with various treatment options. Considering the little progress in the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of penile cancer because of the lack of models that mimic the biological properties of the tumor, we have developed a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model and paired hydrogel-embedded histoculture drug sensitivity test (HDST) to screen for drugs that can inhibit tumors. The increased expression of XPO1, as a key nuclear export protein involved in the transport of various tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulatory proteins, is associated with the prognosis of a variety of tumors(MC et al., 2009). Selinexor is an inhibitor of XPO1, which can treat cancers such as multiple myeloma, gastric cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and non-small cell carcinoma(A & TA, 2017) (P, I, M, & E, 2020). However, whether XPO1 inhibition has a role in penile cancer remains unknown. Therefore, this article used the PDX and HDST models to investigate whether the inhibition of XPO1 has an effect on penile cancer and its underlying mechanism.
Methods:
We used penile cancer tumor tissues to construct a PDX model of penile cancer and paired PDXE model and confirmed the consistency of PDX tumor tissues in source patients. Then, we assessed the ability of Selinexor to inhibit penile cancer tissues in vivo by using a PDX model and in vitro by HDST. We also examined the potential mechanism of XPO1 action on penile cancer by IHC and TUNEL. Finally, we assessed the safety of the drug treatment by H&E and biochemical blood analysis.
Results:
Result showed that the penile cancer PDX model and patient penile cancer tissues were clinically consistent in morphological characteristics and protein expression. In addition, Selinexor could inhibit tumor growth in PDX models and HDST. We found that P53, P21 expression was upregulated; Cyclin D1 expression was downregulated, and apoptosis of tumor cells was increased in the Selinexor-treated PDX model. Moreover, it had no significant effect on liver, kidney, and cardiac function.
Conclusion:
The PDX model of penile cancer was a powerful tool for penile cancer research and new drug development. It showed that Selinexor can effectively inhibit penile cancer in vitro and in vivo. In addition, XPO1 may affect P53, P21, and Cyclin D1 expression to regulate the growth and apoptosis of penile carcinoma.
Live donor nephrectomy side: Is it implicated in urologic complications among lady donors during their post-donation pregnancies?
Authors: Donia Ahmed Farouk , Elrefaie Eman , Refaie Ayman Fathi , Ghoneim Moatasem Elsayed , Osman Yasser , Ali-El-Dein Bedeir 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Our center policy is to promote right nephrectomy for pre-menopausal live donor ladies. This is based on the traditional belief that urologic complications of post-donation pregnancies would be more frequent among lady donors with a solitary right (compared to left) kidney. Studies that support or dismiss our policy are lacking. Therefore, we conducted this study.
Methods:
100 ladies who had post-donation pregnancy were included. They underwent an updated clinical, laboratory and ultrasound assessment. They were classified into two groups: right and left nephrectomy groups. Both groups were compared relative to pre- and post-donation data as well as urologic complications during or after post-donation pregnancies and current kidney function.
Results:
Right nephrectomy was carried-out for 60 donors (60%). Post-donation acute pyelonephritis was not reported in either group. Unexpectedly, lower urinary tract infection during post-donation pregnancy occurred among 16.7% of ladies of the right nephrectomy group compared to 12.5% in the left nephrectomy group (p: non-significant).
Conclusion:
Despite that the endeavor to retrieve the right rather than the left kidney among lady donors could give them the benefit of doubt in regard to possible urological complications during their subsequent pregnancies, this policy is likely an overdoing practice. Larger-scale studies are needed.
Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes of early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma for mRNA vaccine development
Authors: Zeng Longjin , Li Lingchen , Liao Xingyun , Zhang Lincheng , Yin Chenrui , Sun Jianguo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), current mRNA vaccines show promising effect, despite lack of benefit for a large number of patients. We categorized the ideal population for mRNA vaccines and explored available targets. Leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 2 (LGI2), amine oxidase copper containing 1 (AOC1), periostin (POSTN), and collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) were discovered using mutation, survival and differential expression gene analyses. These four genes were over-expressed, mutant, and prognostic of survival in the TCGA-LUSC cohort. According to complete analyses, LUSC had immune exclusion and immune dysfunction. Lung squamous 1 (LSQ1) type exhibited a higher mutational load and copy number but no immune infiltration, whereas lung squamous 2 (LSQ2) tumors had a higher global methylation level and more fibroblasts but had less stemness, according to subtype analysis. Meanwhile, trajectory analysis revealed that the evolution of tumor microenvironment (TME) influenced prognosis. Consensus network was used to identify the molecular traits most relevant to disease development. Finally, we show that although LSQ1 is linked to immune exclusion and might be utilized for vaccination, LSQ2 is linked to immune dysfunction and could be used for immunotherapy. Our findings establish a theoretical basis for applying mRNA vaccines to LUSC.
The association between genetic variation and preprandial and postprandial digestive responses in healthy young men: A pilot study
Authors: Brown Julie. E. , Burden Hannah , Pham Toan , Braakhuis Andrea. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
An elevated postprandial glycaemic and related physiological response is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Several factors, including genetics, may influence interpersonal differences in preprandial baseline markers and postprandial meal responses. This study examined the association between genetic variation and physiological outcomes during the preprandial and postprandial digestive responses in thirty healthy young men.
Methods
In this experimental study, thirty healthy men aged 20–34 consumed a standardised breakfast meal. Blood samples were collected before the meal and hourly for 4 hours after the meal to assess lipids and fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated fat, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides), nutrients (vitamin D, iron and zinc), glucose and insulin. Participants’ weight and height were collected to determine their body mass index (BMI). An online visual analogue 100-point scale was used to assess appetite changes upon arrival, immediately following meal consumption, 30 minutes after and hourly for 4 hours. Buccal swabs were collected and assessed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Data were analysed using multiple regression analysis.
Results
The insulin-receptor substrate 1 gene (IRS1) polymorphism rs2943641 significantly predicted elevated fasting insulin levels (R2 = 0.639, F (3,26) = 15.34, β = 6.376, P = < 0.0001). The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 gene (UCP1) polymorphism rs1800592 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 gene (PPARγ2) polymorphism rs1801282 significantly predicted participants’ BMI (R2 = 0.261, F (2,27) = 4.759, β = -2.764, P = 0.007 and R2 = 0.200, F (2,27) = 3.371, β = 3.291, P = 0.024 respectively). The remaining SNPs did not appear to associate with our cohort’s related physiological or nutrient outcome.
Conclusions
According to the finding of this exploratory study, three SNPs significantly predicted participants’ fasting insulin levels and BMI.