bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement in photo-device properties of CuO thin films for opto-electronic applications: effects of (Ni, Co) co-doping
Authors: Gnanasekar T , Valanarasu S , Ade Ramesh , Vimala Juliet A , Ganesh V , AlAbdulaal T H , Bitla Yugandhar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We report co-doping effects of transition metal elements (Ni, Co) primarily on the opto-electronic properties of CuO thin films. CuO, CuO:Ni(1%), CuO:Co(1%) and CuO:Ni(1%):Co(1%) thin films were deposited via the spray pyrolysis route. Structural studies revealed the monoclinic CuO structure for all films. For all the films scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a crack-free and homogeneous surface. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of all the films exhibited four emission peaks at 415, 451, 477, and 521 nm wavelengths. The optical bandgap (E
g) values were around 2.12 eV, 2.18 eV, 2.05 eV and 1.84 eV for CuO, CuO:Ni(1%), CuO:Co(1%) and CuO:Ni(1%):Co(1%)thin films, respectively. CuO:Ni(1%):Co(1%) photo-device displayed a large responsivity (R) of 0.43 AW−1, external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 100% and detectivity (D
*) of 9.55 × 109 Jones. Hence, co-doping of transition metal elements would be one of the effective approaches for enhancing opto-electronic properties of metal oxide compounds.
The amplification of cosmological magnetic fields in extended f(T,B) teleparallel gravity
Authors: Capozziello S. , Carleo A. , Lambiase G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Observations indicate that intergalactic magnetic fields have amplitudes of the order of ∼ 10-6 G and are uniform on scales of ∼ 10 kpc. Despite their wide presence in the Universe, their origin remains an open issue. Even by invoking a dynamo mechanism or a compression effect for magnetic field amplification, the existence of seed fields before galaxy formation is still problematic. General Relativity predicts an adiabatic decrease of the magnetic field evolving as |B| ∝ 1/a
2, where a is the scale factor of the Universe. It results in very small primordial fields, unless the conformal symmetry of the electromagnetic sector is broken. In this paper, we study the possibility that a natural mechanism for the amplification of primordial magnetic field can be related to extended teleparallel gravity f(T,B) models, where T is the torsion scalar, and B the boundary term. In particular, we consider a non-minimal coupling with gravity in view to break conformal symmetry in a teleparallel background, investigating, in particular, the role of boundary term B, which can be consider as a further scalar field. We find that, after solving exactly the f(T,B) field equations both in inflation and reheating eras, a non-adiabatic behavior of the magnetic field is always possible, and a strong amplification appears in the reheating epoch. We also compute the ratio r = ρB
/ργ
between the magnetic energy density and the cosmic microwave energy density during inflation, in order to explain the present value r ≃ 1, showing that, in the slow-roll approximation, power-law teleparallel theories with Bn
have effects indistinguishable from metric theories Rn
where R is the Ricci curvature scalar.
Design and analysis of a channel drop filter and demultiplexer based on a photonic crystal super ellipse-shaped ring resonator
Authors: Radhouene Massoudi , Gharsallah Zaineb , Balaji V R , Najjar Monia , Robinson S , Janyani Vijay , Murugan M , Hegde Gopalkrishna , Sridarshini T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In advanced optical communication systems, a photonic crystal (PC) based channel drop filter (CDF) and dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) demultiplexer are essential components in the design of a complete DWDM system, which offers a high transmission data rate. In the present work, a novel PC, CDF filter and demultiplexer based on a ring resonator with a super ellipse shape is designed and analyzed. To design a high-performance device, the performance parameters of the proposed components, such as transmission efficiency, spectral line width, channel spacing, Q-factor and crosstalk, are investigated. The proposed CDF is designed to drop a resonant wavelength with a high quality factor of 3955, and the ring resonator design is extended to the demultiplexer. The demultiplexer is designed to drop the four resonant wavelengths of 1579.8 nm, 1582 nm, 1583.6 nm and 1574.9 nm, respectively. The observed high quality factor (3955), bandwidth (0.4 nm) and transmission efficiency (90%) of the proposed demultiplexer will support high-performance DWDM systems
Transformation of coherent state in Hadamard gate via multi-photon catalysis
Authors: Chen Feng , Ren Gang , Yu Haijun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on two-mode continuous Hadamard gate (TCHG) and multi-photon catalysis, this paper presents a scheme to generate non-classical quantum states via coherent state. When considering the m-photon input and m-photon detection in a-mode, the output state is obtained for the input coherent in b-mode. An interesting finding is that as the amplitude of the output coherent state increases, both the detection efficiency and the fidelity of the output quantum state gradually approach zero. Thus, only certain low-intensity quantum light field states can pass through Hadamard gate. In addition, the quantum statistical distribution and squeezing properties of the output quantum states are also analyzed in detail. Our results show that TCHG is a powerful tool for generating non-classical quantum states under multi-photon catalysis.
Uncertainty quantification for wide-bin unfolding: one-at-a-time strict bounds and prior-optimized confidence intervals
Authors: Stanley Michael , Patil Pratik , Kuusela Mikael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Unfolding is an ill-posed inverse problem in particle
physics aiming to infer a true particle-level spectrum from smeared
detector-level data. For computational and practical reasons, these
spaces are typically discretized using histograms, and the smearing
is modeled through a response matrix corresponding to a discretized
smearing kernel of the particle detector. This response matrix
depends on the unknown shape of the true spectrum, leading to a
fundamental systematic uncertainty in the unfolding problem. To
handle the ill-posed nature of the problem, common approaches
regularize the problem either directly via methods such as Tikhonov
regularization, or implicitly by using wide-bins in the true space
that match the resolution of the detector. Unfortunately, both of
these methods lead to a non-trivial bias in the unfolded estimator,
thereby hampering frequentist coverage guarantees for confidence
intervals constructed from these methods. We propose two new
approaches to addressing the bias in the wide-bin setting through
methods called One-at-a-time Strict Bounds (OSB) and Prior-Optimized
(PO) intervals. The OSB intervals are a bin-wise modification of an
existing guaranteed-coverage procedure, while the PO intervals are
based on a decision-theoretic view of the problem. Importantly, both
approaches provide well-calibrated frequentist confidence intervals
even in constrained and rank-deficient settings. These methods are
built upon a more general answer to the wide-bin bias problem,
involving unfolding with fine bins first, followed by constructing
confidence intervals for linear functionals of the fine-bin
counts. We test and compare these methods to other available
methodologies in a wide-bin deconvolution example and a realistic
particle physics simulation of unfolding a steeply falling particle
spectrum.
Estimation of the effect of GNSS positioning errors on the dose rate calculation concerning aerial radiation monitoring
Authors: Mori A. , Seguchi E. , Futemma A. , Iwai T. , Sanada Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers
were installed in a helicopter to reduce positioning errors in
aerial radiation monitoring. The effect of positioning errors on the
conversion of the counting rate of the detector to the ambient dose
equivalent rate at the ground level was evaluated. The positioning
results obtained by receiving the centimeter-class augmentation
signal known as the L-band experiment, which the Quasi-Zenith
Satellite System generates on an experimental basis for a limited
time, were used as the reference values. A comparison between
horizontal and vertical positioning errors among four receivers
demonstrated that the vertical errors were larger than the
horizontal errors. They did not differ among receivers, whereas the
horizontal errors varied according to the characteristics of the
receivers, particularly in mountainous areas; the errors tended to
be larger when the terrain change at the measurement point was
larger. The median effects of the vertical and horizontal errors on
the calculated values of the radiation dose rate at the ground level
were 3%–6% and 1%–5%, respectively, and the maximum possible
effect of the positioning error was 20%–32%. The fact that the
receiver with the highest number of available satellites had larger
errors than the other receivers indicated that the elevation angles
of satellites and the augmentation signals play an important role in
improving the positioning accuracy when the number of available
satellites reduces in mountainous areas. This study has provided
insight into selecting a suitable GNSS receiver for surveying by
vehicles such as helicopters, aircraft, and drones, which are
required to perform 3D positioning in complex terrains.
Optimization of process parameters for hot isostatic pressing of Ir–Rh alloys based on first-principles calculations
Authors: Mao Zhang , Xian Wang , Qin-qin Gao , Chang-yi Hu , Jun Zhao , Hong-zhong Cai , Gui-xue Zhang , Xing-qiang Wang , Xu-xiang Zhang , Yan Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of Rh content on the mechanical properties of Ir–Rh alloys was investigated based on first-principles density functional theory. The calculated results show that when the Rh content is small, the three elastic moduli (elastic modulus (B), shear modulus (G), and Young’s modulus (E)) of Ir–Rh alloy increase rapidly with the increase of Rh content. They reach a maximum value at Ir–10Rh and then decrease, before rising slowly at Ir–40Rh and then gradually decreasing again. This shows that adding a small amount of rhodium to iridium can effectively improve the strength and hardness of iridium. Among all the components of the selected Ir–Rh alloys, Ir–10Rh has the highest hardness and strength. The addition of Rh can cause the embrittlement of Ir–Rh alloys, and its brittleness first increases and then decreases with the increase of Rh content, and reaches the highest at Ir–50Rh. Considering the results obtained from theoretical calculations and experiments, Ir–20Rh was selected as the alloy composition for the study of hot isostatic pressing technology. The effects of mixing time, whether to mix powder with balls, and degassing temperature on the properties of metal powders were studied to find the best mixing and degassing process parameters. In the experiment of mixing powder for the iridium and rhodium alloy, it is found that the time required for mixing powder with balls to reach uniformity was shorter than that without balls. The oxygen content of the final mixed powder obtained by the two processes is the same. The nitrogen content of the metal powder mixed with the ball is slightly higher than that without the ball, but it can be reduced to below 0.001% after the degassing process. During the sintering process, with the increase in temperature, the mutual diffusion speed between iridium powder and rhodium powder increases, the sintering neck grows, the internal pores decrease, and the density of the sintered body increases. Therefore, the final decision process is to select mixing with balls for 10 h, degas at 1200 °C for 2 h, and then raise the temperature to 1800 °C for sintering. With the increase of hot isostatic pressing temperature and pressure, the density of the alloy increases. When the highest temperature (1300 °C) and highest pressure (140 MPa) are used for hot isostatic pressing for 2 h, the density can reach 95.7% of the theoretical density.
Performance evaluation of online motion synchronizing systems for patient-specific respiratory movements with helical tomotherapy
Authors: Chan Wing Ki Claudia , Fok Tsz Ching , Chiu Tin Lok , Yu Siu Ki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and purpose. The introduction of online motion synchronizing system on helical tomotherapy paves way for robust motion tracking. A recent upgrade launches modifications on both hardware and software of the kV tracking system. An evaluation on the kV subsystems, prior (Version1) and post upgrade (Version2), was performed to compare tracking accuracy by means of fiducial tracking error and resulted root-mean-square (RMS). Impacts influenced by various patient-specific breathing pattern regularities and target movements were also investigated to refine motion tracking error estimations upon future selection of possible candidates. Materials and methods. Respiratory patterns from twenty-five lung cases were imported individually into a commercial dynamic platform model. Situating a phantom implanted with gold fiducial markers on the platform, superior-inferior (SI) movements of corresponding targets were simulated. Each case was delivered via an identical treatment plan in Version1 and was repeated in Version2. Motion tracking accuracy, by means of discrepancies between subsystem predicted model and raw data motion recorded in patient CT simulation, was analyzed statistically. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was employed to evaluate the difference in tracking error range between the two versions. Statistical model was fitted to inspect the dependence of internal target movement towards fiducial tracking errors. Results. A small difference of ±1 mm was exhibited in 99% of fiducial tracking errors for all cases experimented under both versions. RMS errors were all below 0.5 mm. Version2 demonstrated a greater extremity in fiducial tracking error (p = 0.04). A positive correlation was depicted between internal target amplitudes and 95% interval of fiducial tracking errors (p < 0.02). Overall, irregular respiratory patterns tended to have greater fiducial tracking errors. Conclusions. The excellent tracking performance in both kV subsystem versions offers motion compensations benefits, yet Version1 outperformed Version2 in fiducial tracking accuracy. It is noticeable that greater magnitude in internal target movement and irregular breathing patterns yield greater tracking error.
Dual pulsed laser deposition of Ag nanoparticles on calcium phosphate coatings for biomedical applications
Authors: López-Álvarez M , González-Rodríguez L , Gontad F , Teixeira-Santos R , Doiro M , Álvarez-Gómez L , Mergulhão F J M , González P , Serra J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) represents a promising bottom-up methodology for the synthesis and transference of nanoparticles to the surface of a biomedical device. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles directly incorporated on the metallic implant emerge as an alternative strategy for local action against prosthetic joint-associated infections. In the present research, a dual sequential PLD process is proposed to obtain a bilayer coating with (1) a bio-derived calcium phosphate (CaP) layer, to provide osteointegrative properties and (2) the controlled growth of the Ag nanoparticles over it, ranging the number of laser pulses from 100 to 500. The characterization by SEM, EDS, TEM, XPS and AFM revealed the uniform deposit of Ag rounded nanoparticles, with a narrow mean size distribution, in the original non-oxidized metallic state. Moreover, given the evidences from XPS and AFM techniques, the occurrence of a coalescence phenomenon from 400 pulses onwards was proposed together with the expected positive linear relation between the number of pulses and Ag contribution with a deposition rate of 0.05 at. % of Ag per pulse. Conversely, the decrease in roughness as the Ag content increased was also verified. Finally, the expected bacteriostatic activity for these PLD deposited metallic state Ag nanoparticles against the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed. Moreover, the evaluation of the osteoblast-like MG-63 cells viability on the Ag(100–500)-CaP coatings revealed a significant increased proliferation (p > 0.05) on the Ag100-CaP coating compared to the control (Ag0-CaP). When same coating was evaluated against S. aureus the effect was not significant. The possibility of modulating the amount of nanoparticles in the bilayer coating to obtain a greater or lesser effect in combination with CaP was revealed.
System requirements to improve adaptive 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) imaging
Authors: Morton Natasha , O’Brien Ricky , Keall Paul , Reynolds Tess 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography (4D CT) is of increasing importance in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatments affected by respiratory motion. However, 4D CT images are commonly impacted by irregular breathing, causing image artifacts that can propagate through to treatment, negatively effecting local control. REspiratory Adaptive CT (REACT) is a real-time gating method demonstrated to reduce motion artifacts by avoiding imaging during irregular respiration. Despite artifact reduction seen through in silico and clinical phantom-based studies, REACT has not been able to remove all artifacts. Here, we explore several hardware and software latencies (gantry rotation time, couch shifts, acquisition delays and phase calculation method) inherently linked to REACT and 4D CT in general and investigate their contribution to artifacts beyond those caused by irregular breathing. Imaging was simulated using the digital extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom for fifty patient-measured respiratory traces. Imaging protocols included conventional cine 4D CT and five REACT scans with systematically varied parameters to test the effect of different latencies on artifacts. Artifacts were quantified by comparing the image normalized cross correlation across couch transition points and determining the volume error compared to a static phantom ground truth both as a total error and individually across pixel rows in the main plane of motion. Artifacts were determined for each lung, the whole heart and lung tumour and were compared back to conventional 4D CT and REACT with standard clinical scanning parameters. The gantry rotation time and acquisition delay were found to have the largest impact on reducing image artifacts and should be the focus of future development. The phase calculation method was also found to influence motion artifacts and should potentially be assessed on a patient-to-patient basis. Finally, the correlation between an increase in artifacts and baseline drift suggests that longer scan times allowing drift to occur may impact image quality.
Twin neural network regression is a semi-supervised regression algorithm
Authors: Wetzel Sebastian J , Melko Roger G , Tamblyn Isaac 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Twin neural network regression (TNNR) is trained to predict differences between the target values of two different data points rather than the targets themselves. By ensembling predicted differences between the targets of an unseen data point and all training data points, it is possible to obtain a very accurate prediction for the original regression problem. Since any loop of predicted differences should sum to zero, loops can be supplied to the training data, even if the data points themselves within loops are unlabelled. Semi-supervised training improves TNNR performance, which is already state of the art, significantly.
How Does Self-Control Promote Health Behaviors? A Multi-Behavior Test of Five Potential Pathways
Authors: Conner Mark , Wilding Sarah , Wright Charles E , Sheeran Paschal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelf-control is generally defined as the capacity to override impulses and is a robust predictor of health behaviors. This paper integrates trait, reasoned action, and habit approaches to develop and test a mechanistic account of how self-control influences health actions.PurposeWe tested five potential pathways from self-control to behavior, termed the valuation, prioritization, habituation, translation, and inhibition routes.MethodsAt baseline, participants (N = 663 adults) completed survey measures of reasoned action approach variables and habits in relation to eight health behaviors and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Three months later, participants reported their behavior. Multi-level modeling was used to test pathways across behaviors.ResultsSupporting the valuation route, affective attitude, cognitive attitude, descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control mediated the self-control-intention relation, and intentions and perceived behavioral control mediated the relationship between self-control and health behaviors. Self-control also predicted the priority accorded to different considerations during intention formation. Higher self-control was associated with stronger prediction by cognitive attitudes and perceived behavioral control and weaker prediction by habits and injunctive norms. Self-control predicted habit formation, and habits mediated the self-control-behavior relation. Finally, self-control was associated with the improved translation of intentions into health behaviors and with greater inhibition of affective and habitual influences. Findings for the different pathways were not moderated by whether approach (health-protective behaviors) or avoidance responses (health-risk behaviors) were at issue.ConclusionsThe present research offers new insights into why self-control promotes health behavior performance, and how deficits in self-control might be offset in future behavior-change interventions.
Discovering drug–target interaction knowledge from biomedical literature
Authors: Hou Yutai , Xia Yingce , Wu Lijun , Xie Shufang , Fan Yang , Zhu Jinhua , Qin Tao , Liu Tie-Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Motivation
The interaction between drugs and targets (DTI) in human body plays a crucial role in biomedical science and applications. As millions of papers come out every year in the biomedical domain, automatically discovering DTI knowledge from biomedical literature, which are usually triplets about drugs, targets and their interaction, becomes an urgent demand in the industry. Existing methods of discovering biological knowledge are mainly extractive approaches that often require detailed annotations (e.g. all mentions of biological entities, relations between every two entity mentions, etc.). However, it is difficult and costly to obtain sufficient annotations due to the requirement of expert knowledge from biomedical domains.

Results
To overcome these difficulties, we explore an end-to-end solution for this task by using generative approaches. We regard the DTI triplets as a sequence and use a Transformer-based model to directly generate them without using the detailed annotations of entities and relations. Further, we propose a semi-supervised method, which leverages the aforementioned end-to-end model to filter unlabeled literature and label them. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms extractive baselines on DTI discovery. We also create a dataset, KD-DTI, to advance this task and release it to the community.

Availability and implementation
Our code and data are available at https://github.com/bert-nmt/BERT-DTI.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.