bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BitterMatch: recommendation systems for matching molecules with bitter taste receptors
Authors: Margulis Eitan , Slavutsky Yuli , Lang Tatjana , Behrens Maik , Benjamini Yuval , Niv Masha Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBitterness is an aversive cue elicited by thousands of chemically diverse compounds. Bitter taste may prevent consumption of foods and jeopardize drug compliance. The G protein-coupled receptors for bitter taste, TAS2Rs, have species-dependent number of subtypes and varying expression levels in extraoral tissues. Molecular recognition by TAS2R subtypes is physiologically important, and presents a challenging case study for ligand-receptor matchmaking. Inspired by hybrid recommendation systems, we developed a new set of similarity features, and created the BitterMatch algorithm that predicts associations of ligands to receptors with ~ 80% precision at ~ 50% recall. Associations for several compounds were tested in-vitro, resulting in 80% precision and 42% recall. The encouraging performance was achieved by including receptor properties and integrating experimentally determined ligand-receptor associations with chemical ligand-to-ligand similarities.BitterMatch can predict off-targets for bitter drugs, identify novel ligands and guide flavor design. The novel features capture information regarding the molecules and their receptors, which could inform various chemoinformatic tasks. Inclusion of neighbor-informed similarities improves as experimental data mounts, and provides a generalizable framework for molecule-biotarget matching.
Graphical Abstract
Antibiotic exposure prevents acquisition of beneficial metabolic functions in the preterm infant gut microbiome
Authors: Xu Yanping , Milburn Olivia , Beiersdorfer Traci , Du Lizhong , Akinbi Henry , Haslam David B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Aberrations in the preterm microbiome following antibiotic therapy have been reported in previous studies. The objective of this study was to probe potential underlying mechanisms between this observation and susceptibility to adverse prematurity-related outcomes.

Results
Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed on 133 stool and 253 skin samples collected at 1 and 3 weeks of age from 68 infants born at <36 weeks postmenstrual age and birth weight <2000 g. After accounting for gestational age and maternal antibiotics, the distribution of organisms in all samples and the corresponding metabolic pathway abundance were compared between infants exposed to postnatal antibiotics and antibiotics-naïve infants.
In antibiotic-naïve infants, gestational and postnatal age imparted similar trajectories on maturation of the microbial community and associated metabolic functional capacity, with postnatal age exerting greater contribution. Antibiotic exposure was associated with reversal in maturation trajectory from the first week to the third week of age (p< 0.001). Butyrate-producing genera, including Clostridium and Blautia, were significantly more abundant in antibiotic-naïve neonates at 3 weeks postnatal age. Correspondingly, metabolic pathways required for short-chain fatty acid synthesis were significantly increased in antibiotic-naïve infants, but not in antibiotic-exposed neonates, at 3 weeks after birth.

Conclusions
Early brief antibiotic exposure markedly disrupts developmental trajectory of the neonatal microbiome and its corresponding functional capacity. Our findings may provide a mechanistic explanation for the known associations between antibiotic use and adverse outcomes in preterm infants.
Ink and support characterization of typologically established papyrus groups from the Palau-Ribes collection
Authors: Nodar Alberto , Pereira Fernando José , Ferrer Núria , López Roberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Most of papyrus documents have reached us in a very fragmentary state due to their excavation conditions and, because of the early history of papyrology, without an archaeological contextualisation. Traditionally, papyrologists have only relied on the bibliological characterisation of the documents they work on to provide such a chronological, geographical and socio-cultural context within which to fully understand the texts they edit and study. This study, following previous research on ink characterisation of papyrus documents, uses infrared spectroscopy and SEM/EDX for the analysis of ink and the papyrus surface. To this purpose, 67 samples of coherent groups of papyri from the Palau-Ribes collection in Barcelona, organised according to chronological, geographical and bibliological criteria, have been analysed to identify trends in their composition that may contribute to their characterisation and further enlarge our knowledge of written culture in Antiquity. The samples have been categorised into seven groups: Papyri that are (1) dated to II CE; (2) dated to VI CE; (3) from Oxyrhynchus; (4) from the Monastery of Bawit; (5) written in chancery hands; (6) written in bookhands, and (7) brown ink. All samples have been analysed using infrared spectroscopy, and SEM/EDX has also been used for analysis of a small subset of sample in order to confirm the presence of iron, sulphur and other elements. The results confirm previous findings in iron-gall ink distribution for texts written in bookhands from the Byzantine period, and adds to the characterisation of other groups, such as the Bawit one, with high levels of lignin in the composition of the writing surface, or the degradation of the cellulose shown for the Oxyrhynchus group, suggesting peculiar traits in the manufacturing and conservation of written documents from ancient times.
Closed-loop automated critical care as proof-of-concept study for resuscitation in a swine model of ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Patel Nathan T. P. , Goenaga-Diaz Eduardo J. , Lane Magan R. , Austin Johnson M. , Neff Lucas P. , Williams Timothy K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Volume expansion and vasopressors for the treatment of shock is an intensive process that requires frequent assessments and adjustments. Strict blood pressure goals in multiple physiologic states of shock (traumatic brain injury, sepsis, and hemorrhagic) have been associated with improved outcomes. The availability of continuous physiologic data is amenable to closed-loop automated critical care to improve goal-directed resuscitation.

Methods
Five adult swine were anesthetized and subjected to a controlled 30% estimated total blood volume hemorrhage followed by 30 min of complete supra-celiac aortic occlusion and then autotransfusion back to euvolemia with removal of aortic balloon. The animals underwent closed-loop critical care for 255 min after removal of the endovascular aortic balloon. The closed-loop critical care algorithm used proximal aortic pressure and central venous pressure as physiologic input data. The algorithm had the option to provide programmatic control of pumps for titration of vasopressors and weight-based crystalloid boluses (5 ml/kg) to maintain a mean arterial pressure between 60 and 70 mmHg.

Results
During the 255 min of critical care the animals experienced hypotension (< 60 mmHg) 15.3% (interquartile range: 8.6–16.9%), hypertension (> 70 mmHg) 7.7% (interquartile range: 6.7–9.4%), and normotension (60–70 mmHg) 76.9% (interquartile range: 76.5–81.2%) of the time. Excluding the first 60 min of the critical care phase the animals experienced hypotension 1.0% (interquartile range: 0.5–6.7%) of the time. Median intervention rate was 8.47 interventions per hour (interquartile range: 7.8–9.2 interventions per hour). The proportion of interventions was 61.5% (interquartile range: 61.1–66.7%) weight-based crystalloid boluses and 38.5% (interquartile range: 33.3–38.9%) titration of vasopressors.

Conclusion
This autonomous critical care platform uses critical care adjuncts in an ischemia–reperfusion injury model, utilizing goal-directed closed-loop critical care algorithm and device actuation. This description highlights the potential for this approach to deliver nuanced critical care in the ICU environment, thereby optimizing resuscitative efforts and expanding capabilities through cognitive offloading. Future efforts will focus on optimizing this platform through comparative studies of inputs, therapies, and comparison to manual critical care.
How learner engagement impacts non-formal online learning outcomes through value co-creation: an empirical analysis
Authors: Wang Cenlan , Mirzaei Tala , Xu Tao , Lin Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrom the perspective of service science and its core concept of value co-creation, promoting learner engagement is critical for learning outcomes in a non-formal online learning environment. To promote online learning performance, we study how multidimensional learner engagement affects both instrumental and experiential learning outcomes. By incorporating the service-dominant logic perspective into the research model, we designed an online survey to investigate the impact of platform value co-creation on learners’ engagement outcomes. By employing a partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the results show that behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and emotional engagement have a significant impact on learning outcomes through the mediating effect of platform value, a second-order hierarchical latent variable. This study has multiple theoretical contributions and practical implications. First, we found new evidence that pursuing good learning outcomes in a non-formal online learning setting is not just a technological architecture or pedagogic guidelines, but also a “win–win” value co-creation process. Second, our results confirm the posited direct and indirect effects, thus evidencing functional value, emotional value, social value, and personalized value as components of the platform value construct, and it as a driver and mediator for better online learning outcomes. Third, our results underscore the importance of platform value in studying the impact of learner engagement on learning outcomes and provide a sharper theoretical lens to evaluate online learning platform value from the perspective of online learners.
Pathogenic potential of Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium longisporum on tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Bharathi Nagaraj Santhana , Mahendran Pannerselvam , Sujatha Krishnaswamy , Ashokraj Shanmugam , Rabeesh Thattante Parambil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe study was focused on identifying the pathogenic potential of native entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) viz.,Metarhizium anisopliae(Metsch.) andLecanicillium longisporum(Zimm.) against adult tea mosquito bug (TMB),Helopeltis theivora(Waterhouse) under in vitro conditions.ResultsFour EPF were isolated and the sequence has deposited to NCBI Genbank with accession numbers of MZ930378 (Metarhizium anisopliaeisolate UPASI_1), MZ930384 (Lecanicillium longisporumisolate UPASI_2), MZ930388 (Metarhizium anisopliaeisolate UPASI_3) and MZ930389 (Metarhizium anisopliaeisolate UPASI_4). Isolates were evaluated against adult TMB using dipping and direct spray methods under in vitro conditions. TheM. anisopliaeisolates achieved 100 and 69–81% of adult mortality in dipping and direct spray method, respectively after the 10th day of application with 1 × 109spores/ml. Among the tested isolates, a significant (p < 0.001) and highest mortality were observed inM. anisopliae(MZ930388). On the other hand, spraying ofL. longisporumwith 1 × 109, 1 × 107and 1 × 105spores/ml caused the adult mortality of 76, 55 and 46% respectively after the 10th day of application.ConclusionsThe study found that the indigenous EPF,M. anisopliae(MZ930388) was an effective and promising biocontrol agent against adult TMB under in vitro conditions.
Outcome and characteristics of COVID-19 patients associated with stroke: a multicenter hospital-based study in Egypt
Authors: Elsheshiny Ahmed H. , El Gharieb Hussein Awad , Sabrh Mostafa Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Nearly 55 percent of patients are said to be affected by the neurological effects of COVID-19. COVID-19 was shown to be related with stroke in 0.9 to 5% of people. It's critical to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke. The goal of this study was to look at the outcomes and characteristics of patients who had an acute ischemic stroke due to covid-19 infection.

Results
The participants in this study were 399 people who had had a stroke. COVID-19 positivity was confirmed in 77 cases, while COVID-19 negativity was confirmed in 322. In the COVID-19 and control groups, the average age of the patients was 65.4 ± 10.2 and 65.3 ± 11.8, respectively. The Covid-19 and control groups had a mean stroke onset of 5.2 ± 2.1 and 5.7 ± 3.8 h, respectively (P = 0.12). There was a high in-hospital mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 with a rate of 11.7% compared to 4.04% among the control group (P = 0.02). At discharge, the number of patients with mRS > 2 was higher (P = 0.001) among the COVID-19. There was a correlation between the mean levels of D-Dimer (r = 0.668, P < 0.001), the severity of COVID-19 (r = 0.802, P < 0.001), and mRS > 2.

Conclusion
Despite receiving equal acute care as non-COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 patients had more severe strokes and had worse outcomes. This includes a high chance of death while in the hospital as well as a significant level of disability. Neurologists should use timely and effective therapies, particularly for patients who are at a higher risk of having a stroke. This includes elderly patients, patients with severe COVID-19, patients with high levels of D-Dimer, and those with high NIHSS.
Examining impairment and kinetic patterns associated with recent use of hemp-derived Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol: case studies
Authors: Wurz Gregory T. , Montoya Edward , DeGregorio Michael W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
As a result of the legalization of U.S. industrial hemp production in late 2018, products containing hemp-derived Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) are increasing in popularity. Little, however, is known regarding Δ8-THC’s impairment potential and the associated impacts on roadway and workplace safety, and testing for Δ8-THC is not yet common. The present study explored impairment patterns and cannabinoid kinetics associated with recent use of Δ8-THC.

Methods
Hemp-derived Δ8-THC concentrate was administered by vaporization ad libitum to three male frequent cannabis users aged 23–25 years. In addition to self-assessments of impairment using a 10-point scale, horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) was evaluated in each subject as a physical means of assessing impairment before and after vaporization. To examine cannabinoid kinetic patterns, exhaled breath and capillary blood samples were collected prior to vaporization up to 180 min post-vaporization and analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for cannabinoid content using validated methods. The impairment and cannabinoid kinetic results were then compared to analogous results obtained from the same three subjects after they had smoked a ∆9-THC cannabis cigarette ad libitum in a previous study to determine whether any similarities existed.

Results
Patterns of impairment after vaporizing Δ8-THC were similar to those observed after smoking cannabis, with self-assessed impairment peaking within the first hour after use, and then declining to zero by 3 h post-use. Likewise, HGN was observed only after vaporizing, and by 3 h post-vaporization, evidence of HGN had dissipated. Cannabinoid kinetic patterns observed after vaporizing Δ8-THC (short ∆8-THC half-lives of 5.2 to 11.2 min at 20 min post-vaporization, presence of key cannabinoids cannabichromene, cannabigerol, and tetrahydrocannabivarin, and breath/blood Δ8-THC ratios > 2 within the first hour post-vaporization) were also analogous to those observed for ∆9-THC and the same key cannabinoids within the first hour after the same subjects had smoked cannabis in the previous study.

Conclusions
Hemp-derived Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC from cannabis display similar impairment profiles, suggesting that recent use of Δ8-THC products may carry the same risks as cannabis products. Standard testing methods need to incorporate this emerging, hemp-derived cannabinoid.
Nutritional properties of wheat flour supplemented with modified tacca (Tacca involucrata) flour for production of healthy biscuits
Authors: Ojewumi Emmanuel Omotayo , Omoba Olufunmilayo Sade , Awolu Olugbenga Olufemi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Tacca flour obtained from tacca tubers, an underutilized crop rich in carbohydrate and phytochemicals, was subjected to physical, chemical and enzymatic modifications which were supplemented into wheat flour for the production of healthy wheat–tacca flour biscuits. While the proximate composition and the antioxidants properties of the native and modified samples were carried out in order to produce modified samples with the best antioxidant properties for subsequent preparation of biscuits. The haematological, in vitro antioxidative and lipid peroxidative potentials of the biscuit samples were evaluated.

Results
The results show that while native tacca flour had the best proximate composition, the flour sample from enzymatic modification had the best antioxidants properties. The biscuit produced from wheat–tacca flour at varying compositions of tacca flour ranging from 5 to 20% incorporations (TEB5%, TEB10%, TEB15 and TEB20%) showed that all the samples substituted with modified tacca flour had better haematological properties, in vitro antioxidative properties and lipid peroxidative properties compared to the 100% wheat biscuit. Specifically, the sample TEB20% (20% tacca flour incorporation) had the best nutritional qualities. The toxicological studies showed that the samples with tacca flour incorporation are better than 100% wheat flour biscuit and basal diet.

Conclusion
Tacca flour would successfully supplement wheat flour in the production of nutritionally rich and toxicologically safe biscuit with over 70% overall sensory acceptability.
Impaired olfaction post-coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review of smell recovery predictive factors
Authors: Utomo Nunki Puspita , Iswarini Arin Dwi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The devastating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic seemed not yet to cease. Numerous studies regarding its typical sign and symptoms have been done, presenting one of the most promising predictors of the infection: olfactory dysfunction. Although not life-threatening, the symptom could decrease one’s quality of life, especially if persistent throughout their entire life. Among the countless literature regarding loss of smell, only limited studies denote predictors of smell recovery. This systematic review aimed to bridge the knowledge gap of olfactory impairment prevalence and recovery predictors in people with COVID-19.

Methods
This review was carried out through journal databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and medRxiv. Literature published from 2020 to 2022 that complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria was retrieved, scanned for duplicates with Zotero, and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols 2020 (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
Of the 2243 studies, seven were assessed with the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) to analyze the risk of bias, which five cohort studies deemed relevant. Olfactory dysfunction, olfactory recovery, and its predictive factors are noted. This review is registered in PROSPERO (Registration Number CRD42022318412).

Conclusions
No clinical markers predicted the recovery of olfactory dysfunction, but patients who are more likely to recover are associated with younger age, female sex, and having COVID-19-related symptoms such as nasal congestion and trigeminal sensation. Modifiable factors are still dubious in predicting the olfaction recovery.
The diagnostic utility of squash smear cytology in lung malignancies
Authors: Baro Bhanita , Lad Shilpa K. , Utpat Ketaki , Saha Anurag 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung malignancy is the most common cause of death worldwide. The main role of pathologist is to differentiate small cell from other cell types as treatment and prognosis varies. Although histopathology is routinely done, squash smears yield better cytomorphology.

Aims and objectives
To study the clinical history, evaluate the diagnostic yield by means of cytology and histopathology correlation followed by determination of sensitivity and specificity of squash smear cytology for detection of lung malignancies.

Materials and methods
The present study was an observational analytical study conducted over a period of 3.5 years. Total 60 squash smears were obtained by computed tomography-/bronchoscopy-guided biopsy and stained with Papanicolaou and May-Grunwald stain. Squash smears were correlated with histopathological findings.

Statistical analysis
Statistics in the form of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were done.

Results
Out of total 60 cases, 71.67% cases were males and 65% cases were smokers. Right lung was mostly involved (65%). The major symptom noted was dyspnea on exertion (90%). In 66.7% cases, malignancy was reported while in 10% suspicious and in 23.3% negative for malignancy. The most common malignancy diagnosed was squamous cell carcinoma (18.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of 92.1% and 83.3% were calculated respectively for squash smear, while the positive predictive value (PPV) was 94.6% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.9%.

Conclusion
Squash smear cytology utilization in diagnosis of lung malignancy is a simple, fast, and reliable procedure with good sensitivity and specificity. It can be used as complementary to histopathology when need arises.
Relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate in the rainbow gravity
Authors: Furtado J. , Assunção J. F. , Muniz C. R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the effects of a modified theory of gravity —the rainbow gravity— on the relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We initially discuss some formal aspects of the model in order to compute the corrections to the relevant quantities of the condensate. Following, we evaluate the generating functional from which we obtain some thermodynamic parameters. Then we calculate the corrected critical temperature T

c
that sets the relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate considering the three principal rainbow functions, finding, in addition, a phenomenological upper bound for the parameters involved in the model. Finally, we discuss how harder it is for the particles at an arbitrary temperature T < T

c
to enter the condensed state compared to the usual scenario, i.e., without rainbow gravity.