bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithium Potential of the Indian Granitic Pegmatites
Authors: Singh Yamuna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There is a progressively increasing demand for lithium (Li) due to its growing applications in the Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Accordingly, to take stock of the situation with respect to lithium potentiality of the Indian granitic pegmatites, a critical synthesis is presented here. India’s exploration programme for lithium was not sustained due to fluctuating domestic demand and its availability in the world market. Data reveals that the Indian Li-pegmatites belong to the Lithium-Caesium-Tantalum (LCT) family, and occur manly in parts of Bihar-Jharkhand, Bastar-Odisha and Karnataka, with some in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Assam. Major mineral phases of Li are lepidolite, amblygonite and spodumene, the last one being dominant in Karnataka. Bulk of the Li-pegmatites have been derived from the peraluminous, geochemically-evolved S-type granites. During fractionation, wherever saturation was attained, precipitation of independent minerals of Li took place. Lithium minerals are largely restricted to the replacement zones of pegmatites, and, at places, in the greisenised pockets within the pegmatites and parent granite margins. Pegmatites from Karnataka appear to have more potential relative to those from Bihar-Jharkhand and Rajasthan. Systematic exploration of Li-pegmatites may prove rewarding in establishing their Li-potential. Li-pegmatite fields may be mapped by applications of remote sensing, using various methods and sensors through spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification on ‘HyMap’ data. SAM classification may be used to assess the efficacy of advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER), and Landsat-8 operational land imager (OLI) data, including new combinations of red, green and blue (RGB). By combined use of ASTER imagery and spectro-radiometric analysis, mapping of pegmatite veins may be carried out. As the LCT-type pegmatites are sourced mostly from previously un-melted, mica-enriched metamorphic rocks, muscovite and biotite groups of mica host bulk of the trace elements and thus fingerprint for the LCT-type pegmatites. Also, P- and Cs-enriched Li-pegmatites lend further support to the S-type sources for the LCT-type pegmatites. Accordingly, all the LCT-type pegmatites in India should form the first order target for Li-exploration. Characteristic replacement mineral assemblages like cleavelandite, topaz, greisen, schorl and lithian muscovite may also serve as guides for lithium exploration.
Rainwater Harvesting for Metro Rail Projects in India – Scope for Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Raut Sanjay , Lamsoge Bhushan R. , Labhane Nitin M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), although an ancient technique of artificial recharge to groundwater and reuse of stored rainwater, has been improved with the developing technology. RWH systems have many benefits in rural as well as in urban areas of arid and semi-arid regions. Almost all metro cities of India are facing problems of water logging and flooding even after a short heavy rainfall. In metro cities RWH could be helpful for artificially recharging groundwater in depleted water level areas; reduction of flood risk in urban areas; assured source for an effective alternative water supply solution and use of harvested water during water scarcity period. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH for buildings, institutional areas for reducing water consumption, whereas few examples were examined for their efficient use. Almost all big cities in India are planning metro rails which have huge potential for RWH with its elevated stations, viaduct (elevated corridor) and depot areas. This work aimed to investigate and realize the RWH potential especially for metro rails which are in the implementation stage for different cities in India. This paper also highlighted the legislations of RWH of different states where metro rails were implemented. It also emphasized on the root cause of inefficiency of the RWH system and how to increase the efficiency.
Identification of Groundwater Potential Zone in Poondi Microwatershed, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Palanivelu Eshanthini , Sundaramoorthy Nandhakumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Water is essential for all living organisms, but in recent years groundwater is declining due to various manmade activities. The rainwater received during the monsoon season does not fully infiltrate into the ground because of varying land type, flow type, flow direction, and environment. In the present study geographic information system (GIS) was used to identify groundwater potential zones in Poondi micro watershed, Thiruvallur district in Tamil Nadu. The various maps are prepared using ArcGIS tool show, variation in slope from high to low, land use/ land cover, lithology, lineament density, geomorphology, drainage density, rainfall and soil type. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to give a rank and weightage for the all the created maps and every single characteristic in the map. ArcGIS overlay analysis have been carried out based on the assigned weight for different layers of map including geomorphology, slope, soil, land use & land cover, digital elevation model (DEM), lineaments, lithology. From the results of the analysis, the watershed was classified into five Groundwater Potential Zones(GWPZ) namely very good, good, moderate, low, and poor that and may be used for better planning and sustainable management of groundwater resources.
Study of DRASTIC Model and its Modification by LULC for Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Sonipat District, Haryana
Authors: Akhta Mohd. Arslaan , Akhtar Naima , Shoeb Mohd 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Being part of the national capital region of India, the Sonipat district of Haryana has undergone significant industrialization and urbanization through the decade. As a result, the risk of having groundwater pollution in the area is high. Major Ion concentration (Fluoride, Sulfate, and Nitrate), Heavy metal (Iron, Manganese)and Uranium concentration has been reported above the permissible limit assigned by BIS & who for drinking water at many locations. Therefore, Groundwater vulnerability mapping for the shallow aquifers of the district has been carried out using a GIS-based DRASTIC model to assess vulnerability to pollution.The model also considers the region’s hydrogeological conditions.To analyze the anthropogenic influence, the DRASTIC model has been extended by integrating land use land cover data from the district. The findings reveal that the degree of susceptibility has increased. The improved DRASTIC model was validated using water quality parameters (F–, SO42–, and NO3–) whose concentrations are over the maximum limit in some locations. The result synchronizes with the model to a greater extent. The modified DRASTIC model thereby gives an insight into the effects of human intervention along with the hydrogeological setting have on groundwater vulnerability.
P–T–X (Fe–Mg) Relations of Cummingtonite-sillimanite-cordieritequartz-H2O Equilibrium: Implications on Evolution of Metamorphic Rocks
Authors: S.S. Thakur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The P–T–X (Fe–Mg) phase relations of the cummingtonitesillimanite-cordierite-quartz-fluid assemblage have been constructed considering the model system FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (FMASH) and using available experimental and thermodynamic data. The assemblage represents a divariant reaction: cum + sil+ qtz= crd + H2O, the Fe- and Mg-end member reactions of which have positive slope in P–T space. Isobaric T–X (Fe–Mg) loop and isothermal P–X (Fe–Mg) loop show that,at constant pressure, both cummingtonite and cordierite become Fericher with increasing temperature, whereas, at constant temperature, this assemblage is displaced towards Mg-richer compositions with increasing pressure. The study of the P–T–X relationships of cummingtonite-sillimanite-cordierite-quartz-H2O equilibrium suggests that the cummingtonite–cordierite bearing assemblages are stable at the low-pressure metamorphic environment.
Channel Migration Detection and Landuse/Landcover Changes for Barak River in Northeast India
Authors: Annayat Wajahat , Ashwini Kumar , Sil Briti Sundar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In northeast India, Barak river is among one of the principal rivers, which is highly meandering in nature in its flood plain area.For infrastructural development and river protection works, it is essential to know the behavior of banklines shifting on landuse and landcover changes. This study is to evaluate the impact of bank lines shifting on land use and land cover changes. In order to fulfill the purpose of the present study 12 reaches with 41 cross-sections have been selected. The whole work has been done with the help of RS and GIS techniques using Landsat images and hybrid classification for the landuse and landcover classification. The result of the study shows that in the upper reach of the alluvial plain,there is an active shifting. Also, it is observed that at the lower reach, the river has moved in both north and south direction. It is observed that maximum migration rate is 130.2 m/year with a mean migration rate (9.43 m/year). The sinuosity estimated for the same reach with 12 bends is in the range 1.24 - 3.89. Among all the sections, the minimum and maximum changes of width are 0.26m and 249.93m respectively with an average value of 84.51m. It is found that the Barak river can be classified into sinuous channel (1.05 to 1.5), as well as meandering channel (&gt;1.5).The investigation of changes in the pattern of land use land cover (LULC) of the Barak basin over 33 year’s period (1984-2017) shows that urban/built-up and agricultural land was increased gradually, e.g., urban increased by 40.6% for 1984-1992, 72.14% for 2002-2012, 180.15% for 1984-2017. While, agricultural land increased by 18.9% for 1984-1992, 41.15% for 1992-2002 and 93.20% for 1984-2017. In addition water bodies increased by 19% and 41.73% from 1984-1992 and 1984-2017 respectively. In contrast, dense vegetation decreased by 5.6% for 1984-1992 and 21.77% for 2002-2012 and 39.14% for 1984-2017. Open vegetation showed a decreasing tren by 11.1% for 1984-1992, 26.83% for 1992-2002, and 36.27% for 1984-2017. Rapid population growth, migration of rural people to urban, unawareness of biophysical limitations and poverty are some of the probable reasons behind the changes in the LULC. The results of the hybrid classification of the LULC of the Barak River for the Landsat 1(1984; MSS), Landsat 2 (1992; TM), Landsat 5 (2002; TM), Landsat 7(2012;ETM+) and Landsat 8(2017; OLI)showed overall classification accuracy of 90.83%, 86.67%, 90.56%,93.33%and 86.11% with overall kappa statistics of 0.8900, 0.8400, 0.8867, 0.9200 and 0.8333 respectively. The channel migration directly affects the land use and land use change and has direct effect on the flood plain dwellers of the study area. All the assessments of this study highlight a significant message of immense vulnerability of the Barak river and also provide news about geomorpho-logical instabilities of the study area
Selective Grain Size Fractionation, CO2-Enhanced Aqueous Extraction and Characterization of Trona, a Non-marine Evaporite Mineral, Originating from Semi-arid Soil Sediments
Authors: Parthasarathy Kannabiran , Shailaja Rajathurai , Tamilarasan Govindasamy , Parameswaran Sathyarajeswaran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Beneficiation of white-powdery mineral, from selective grain size (63 – 200 µm) sand fractions and its characterization as trona, a non-marine evaporite, exudates as efflorescent crust, originated from the semi-arid region soil sediments, occurring at Siddhamalli, Tamil Nadu, India is described, by a five-stage process. Aqueous extraction of selective sand fractions, in CO2-enhanced medium, resulted in white crystalline powder, is chemically characterized as sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, [Na3H(CO3)2.2H2O]. The % yield of trona is directly proportional to the % fine and very fine sand fractions and inversely proportional to the % coarse fractions (0.5 – 1.0 mm), as revealed by grain-size analysis. CO2-enhanced medium significantly increases the yield, additionally by 20 %.PXRD data revealed the presence of trona with traces of nahcolite and natrite phases. FT-Raman spectrum revealed the characteristic bands correspond to carbonate group. The hydroxyl stretching of water is observed at 3400 cm-1 inferred from FT-IR spectral studies.The content of sodium and trace elements analysed by ICP-OES and water of hydration by TGA, are found to be good agreement with the calculated values of Na (30.58 %) and dihydrate (15.97 %) respectively. SEM images revealed the less agglomerated particles of sizes ranging from 0.093 - 0.44 µM. Geologically, soil sediments fall in tractive current, from talus of Bouldery sandstone and shale of Talchir formation, Lower Gondwana of Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian Age. Trona is popularly known as “Po¯neeru” in Indian traditional Siddha system of medicine finds its application in most of the drug formulations.
Sedimentology and New Paleo-geographic Data of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleocene Haria Formation in the Gafsa Basin (Tunisia) Southern Tethyan Margin
Authors: Messadi Abdel Majid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Facies associations and environmental evolution of the late Cretaceous–lower Paleocene shallow platform of the Haria Formation (upper Maastrichtian–Danian–Selandian) have been studied from the Gafsa basin, located in southern Tunisia. Four main lithostratigraphic units have been identified. Unit 0, deposited on a restricted platform, is organized into aggradational and shallowing-upward sequences. Unit 1 is composed of shallowingand deepening-upward sequences that are deposited in externally restricted platform environments. Unit 2 is a peritidal shallowing-upward sequences deposited in shallow restricted environments ranging from the intertidal to supratidal environments. Unit 3,is composed of shallowing-upward sequences corresponding to the “muddy” type in the lower part, deposited in the proximal part of the shallow restricted external platform, and the “grainy” type in the upper part, representing wave-dominated bioclastic shoals and channel deposits. The proximal-distal transition of depositional environments gradually ranges from lagoon to offshore environments. Lateral variation of thickness and facies is generated by the reactivation of NW-SE extensive and/or transtensive faults, acting since the late Cretaceous during the intermediate closing phase of the Neotethys. These tectonic features were also expressed by changes in facies. The Haria Formation’s mixed carbonate-marls successions are classified into seven major facies associations, with carbonates considered a new facies represented by channel deposits and lumachellic limestones. This study establishes for the first time a clear and detailed regional stratigraphic correlation and paleogeographic maps based on the new litho- and biostratigraphic data.
Healthcare Mistreatment, State-Level Policy Protections, and Healthcare Avoidance Among Gender Minority People
Authors: Clark Kristen D. , Luong Sean , Lunn Mitchell R. , Flowers Elena , Bahalkeh Esmaeil , Lubensky Micah E. , Capriotti Matthew R. , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Flentje Annesa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
This study examined whether past experiences of mistreatment in healthcare were associated with greater healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among gender minority (GM) people. We evaluated whether state-level healthcare policy protections moderated this relationship.

Methods
Data from the 2018 Annual Questionnaire of The PRIDE Study, a national longitudinal study on sexual and gender minority people’s health, were used in these analyses. Logistic regression modeling tested relationships between lifetime healthcare mistreatment due to gender identity or expression and past-year healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among GM participants. Interactions between lifetime healthcare mistreatment and state-level healthcare policy protections and their relationship with past-year healthcare avoidance were tested.

Results
Participants reporting any lifetime healthcare mistreatment had greater odds of past-year healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among gender expansive people (n = 1290, OR = 4.71 [CI]: 3.57–6.20), transfeminine people (n = 263, OR = 10.32 [CI]: 4.72–22.59), and transmasculine people (n = 471, OR = 3.90 [CI]: 2.50–6.13). Presence of state-level healthcare policy protections did not moderate this relationship in any study groups.

Conclusions
For GM people, reporting lifetime healthcare mistreatment was associated with healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment. State-level healthcare policy protections were not a moderating factor in this relationship. Efforts to evaluate the implementation and enforcement of state-level policies are needed. Continued efforts to understand instances of and to diminish healthcare mistreatment of GM people are recommended.
Characterization of activated carbons for water treatment using TGA-FTIR for analysis of oxygen-containing functional groups
Authors: Dittmann Daniel , Saal Leon , Zietzschmann Frederik , Mai Maike , Altmann Korinna , Al-Sabbagh Dominik , Schumann Pia , Ruhl Aki Sebastian , Jekel Martin , Braun Ulrike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWater treatment with activated carbon (AC) is an established method for the removal of organic micropollutants and natural organic matter. However, it is not yet possible to predict the removal of individual pollutants. An appropriate material characterization, matching adsorption processes in water, might be the missing piece in the puzzle. To this end, this study examined 25 different commercially available ACs to evaluate their material properties. Frequently reported analyses, including N$$_2$$

2

adsorption/desorption, CHNS(O), point of zero charge (PZC) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were conducted on a selected subset of powdered ACs. Inorganic elements examined using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that relative elemental contents were distinctive to the individual AC’s raw material and activation procedure. This study also is the first to use thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to conduct quantitative analyses of functional surface oxygen groups (SOGs: carboxylic acid, anhydride, lactone, phenol, carbonyl, and pyrone groups) on such a large number of ACs. The comparably economical TGA method was found to provide good surrogates for the PZC by pyrolytic mass loss up to 600 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C (ML$$_{600}$$

600

), for the oxygen content by ML$$_{1000}$$

1000

and for the carbon content by oxidation. Mass loss profiles depict the AC’s chemistry like fingerprints. Furthermore, we found that SOG contents determined by TGA-FTIR covered a wide individual range and depended on the raw material and production process of the AC. TGA and TGA-FTIR might therefore be used to identify the suitability of a particular AC for a variety of target substances in different target waters. This can help practitioners to control AC use in waterworks or wastewater treatment plants.
Smashing localizations in equivariant stable homotopy
Authors: Carrick Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study how smashing Bousfield localizations behave under various equivariant functors. We show that the analogs of the smash product and chromatic convergence theorems for the Real Johnson–Wilson theories $$E_{\mathbb {R}}(n)$$

E
R

(
n
)

hold only after Borel completion. We establish analogous results for the $$C_{2^n}$$

C

2
n

-equivariant Johnson–Wilson theories constructed by Beaudry, Hill, Shi, and Zeng. We show that induced localizations upgrade the available norms for an $$N_\infty $$

N
∞

-algebra, and we determine which new norms appear. Finally, we explore generalizations of our results on smashing localizations in the context of a quasi-Galois extension of $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-rings.
Do the dual-task “8-foot up and go” tests provide additional predictive value for early detection of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older women?
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Hong Jin-Tao , Xiang Yun , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The 8-Foot Up and Go (8UG) test is a widely used mobility assessment. Some dual-task mobility assessments have been developed to help detect cognitive decline.

Aims
This study developed a dual-task version of 8UG test to investigate the dual-task 8UG performance and to evaluate the ability of dual-task 8UG test in detecting cognitive decline.

Methods
A total of 101 eligible community-dwelling women aged 60–74 years were grouped into the mild cognitive impairment group (MCI, n = 49) and the non-cognitive impairment group (NCI, n = 52). The 8UG tests under single-task (ST), manual dual-task (MT), and cognitive dual-task (CT) conditions were performed respectively. The dual-task cost (DTC) and the correct response rate (CRR) were calculated to quantify the dual-task interference.

Results
Participants spent more time in performing the 8UG test under dual-task conditions. No differences were observed between NCI and MCI groups for 8UG parameters under ST and MT conditions (p > 0.05). When executing CT, significant differences were found in the number of correct answers and CRR (p < 0.05). CRR showed the strongest ability to predict MCI with a cut-off point of 0.50 (71.2% sensitivity and 61.2% specificity).

Discussion
Both manual and cognitive dual-task were found to interfere with the 8UG performance. CRR with cutoff point of 0.50 could be a potential predictor of MCI in community-dwelling older women.

Conclusions
The CRR of the cognitive dual-task 8UG test could be recommended as a potential predictor for the early detection of MCI in community-dwelling older women.
Fokus Experimentiermaterial: Was sollten Studierende vom Blickwinkel der Praxis zur Einschätzung der Schwierigkeit wissen?
Authors: Boyer Lina , Stender Anita , Härtig Hendrik 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungStudierenden sollte bereits im Studium eine theoretisch fundierte und systematisch verknüpfte Wissensbasis vermittelt werden, die ihnen die spätere berufliche Tätigkeit erleichtert. Hierzu erscheint eine begründete Auswahl an Wissenselementen notwendig, die über mehrere Phasen der Lehrerbildung relevant bleiben und die zu professionellem Handeln führen. Am Beispiel der Bewertungssituation von „Schülerschwierigkeiten beim Experimentieren“ werden aus theoretischer und empirischer Sicht Merkmale abgeleitet, die die Schwierigkeit von Experimentiermaterial beeinflussen und die Studierenden bereits im Studium als Wissenselemente für spätere Bewertungssituationen vermittelt werden könnten. Im Rahmen einer Befragung mit N= 101 Lehrpersonen wurde untersucht, inwieweit diese Merkmale auch von Lehrpersonen für Bewertungen in der Praxis herangezogen wurden. Es konnten sowohl Merkmale identifiziert werden, die von Lehrpersonen über verschiedene Experimente und Materialien hinweg als schwierigkeitserzeugend genannt wurden, als auch solche, die nur bei spezifischen Experimentiermaterialien relevant scheinen. In der Lehre könnte somit zwischen generellen und spezifischen Merkmalen zur Einschätzung der Schwierigkeit von Experimentiermaterialien unterschieden werden. Zusätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Lehrpersonen materialspezifische Merkmale nicht losgelöst von Lernvoraussetzungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler betrachten. Dementsprechend sollte den Studierenden auch vermittelt werden, dass eine Betrachtung der Schwierigkeit des Experimentiermaterials losgelöst von Schülervoraussetzungen und aufgabenspezifischen Schwierigkeiten nicht zielführend erscheint.