bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decellularized Bone Extracellular Matrix‐Coated Electrospun PBAT Microfibrous Membranes with Cell Instructive Ability and Improved Bone Tissue Forming Capacity
Authors: Karakaya Ece , Erdogan Yasar Kemal , Arslan Tugba Sezgin , Arslan Yavuz Emre , Odabas Sedat , Ercan Batur , Emregul Emel , Derkus Burak 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent approaches to develop bone tissue engineering scaffolds have some limitations and shortcomings. They mainly suffer from combining mechanical stability and bioactivity on the same platform. Synthetic polymers are able to produce mechanically stable sturctures with fibrous morphology when they are electrospun, however, they cannot exhibit bioactivity, which is crucial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. One current strategy to bring bioactivity in synthetic materials is to combine extracellular matrix (ECM)‐sourced materials with biologically inert synthetic materials. ECM‐sourced materials without any modifications are mechanically unstable; therefore, reinforcing them with mechanically stable platforms is indispensable. In order to overcome this bifacial problem, we have demonstrated that poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) electrospun microfibrous membranes can be successfully modified with decellularized bone ECM to endow fibers with bioactive hydrogel and mimic natural micro‐features of the native bone tissue. The developed structures have been shown to support osteogenesis, confirmed by histochemical staining and gene expression studies. Furthermore, ECM‐coated PBAT fibers, when they were aligned, supplied an improved level of osteogenesis. The strategy demonstrated can be adapted to any other tissues, and the emerging microfibrous, mechanically stable, and bioactive materials can find implications in the specific fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
A generalization of the propagation of singularities theorem on asymptotically anti‐de Sitter spacetimes
Authors: Dappiaggi Claudio , Marta Alessio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a recent paper O. Gannot and M. Wrochna considered the Klein–Gordon equation on an asymptotically anti‐de Sitter spacetime subject to Robin boundary conditions, proving in particular a propagation of singularities theorem. In this work we generalize their result considering a more general class of boundary conditions implemented on the conformal boundary via pseudodifferential operators of suitable order. Using techniques proper of b‐calculus and of twisted Sobolev spaces, we prove also for the case in hand a propagation of singularity theorem along generalized broken bicharacteristics, highlighting the potential presence of a contribution due to the pseudodifferential operator encoding the boundary condition.
Signal intensity informed multi‐coil encoding operator for physics‐guided deep learning reconstruction of highly accelerated myocardial perfusion CMR
Authors: Demirel Omer Burak , Yaman Burhaneddin , Shenoy Chetan , Moeller Steen , Weingärtner Sebastian , Akçakaya Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo develop a physics‐guided deep learning (PG‐DL) reconstruction strategy based on a signal intensity informed multi‐coil (SIIM) encoding operator for highly‐accelerated simultaneous multislice (SMS) myocardial perfusion cardiac MRI (CMR).MethodsFirst‐pass perfusion CMR acquires highly‐accelerated images with dynamically varying signal intensity/SNR following the administration of a gadolinium‐based contrast agent. Thus, using PG‐DL reconstruction with a conventional multi‐coil encoding operator leads to analogous signal intensity variations across different time‐frames at the network output, creating difficulties in generalization for varying SNR levels. We propose to use a SIIM encoding operator to capture the signal intensity/SNR variations across time‐frames in a reformulated encoding operator. This leads to a more uniform/flat contrast at the output of the PG‐DL network, facilitating generalizability across time‐frames. PG‐DL reconstruction with the proposed SIIM encoding operator is compared to PG‐DL with conventional encoding operator, split slice‐GRAPPA, locally low‐rank (LLR) regularized reconstruction, low‐rank plus sparse (L + S) reconstruction, and regularized ROCK‐SPIRiT.ResultsResults on highly accelerated free‐breathing first pass myocardial perfusion CMR at three‐fold SMS and four‐fold in‐plane acceleration show that the proposed method improves upon the reconstruction methods use for comparison. Substantial noise reduction is achieved compared to split slice‐GRAPPA, and aliasing artifacts reduction compared to LLR regularized reconstruction, L + S reconstruction and PG‐DL with conventional encoding. Furthermore, a qualitative reader study indicated that proposed method outperformed all methods.ConclusionPG‐DL reconstruction with the proposed SIIM encoding operator improves generalization across different time‐frames /SNRs in highly accelerated perfusion CMR.
Metal/polymer composite cylinders for crash energy absorption applications
Authors: Alshahrani Hassan , Sebaey Tamer A. , Awd Allah Mahmoud M. , Abd El‐baky Marwa A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe crashworthiness performance and the deformation history of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRP) composite over wrapped aluminum (Al) cylinders with induced holes were experimentally studied. Specimens were fabricated using wet wrapping by hand lay‐up process and tested under quasi‐static axial compression. Crashworthiness indicators that is, the initial peak load , mean crush load (), total absorbed energy ( specific absorbed energy (SEA), and crush force efficiency (CFE) of the proposed cylinders were evaluated. The influence of the number of GFRP plies (P), the diameter (d), and number (N) of induced holes on the crashworthiness performance and the deformation history has also been identified. The experimental outcomes showed that the studied parameters have a significant effect on the crashworthiness performance and the deformation history. Increasing “P” increases , , , and CFE while decreasing SEA. Inducing holes with “d” up to 8 mm reduces , , , SEA, and CFE of GFRP/Al cylinders. After that the trend is reversed for all indicators except for . GFRP/Al cylinders with “N = 2” exhibits lower and higher , , SEA, and CFE than cylinders with “N = 1”. Hybridization process and inducing holes could alter Al‐cylinders' failure mechanism. The relation between the crashworthiness indicators and the studied parameters has been constructed by response surface methodology (RSM) to be used by the engineering designers. Al‐P6‐d12‐N2 is recommended to be used in crash energy absorption applications that is, energy absorbing device in vehicles.
Mechanistic insight into impact of phosphorylation on the enzymatic steps of farnesyltransferase
Authors: Pekel Hanife , Guzel Mustafa , Sensoy Ozge 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFarnesyltransferase (FTase) is a heterodimeric enzyme, which catalyzes covalent attachment of the farnesyl group to target proteins, thus coordinating their trafficking in the cell. FTase has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in cancer and neurological diseases; hence considered as a hot target for therapeutic purposes. However, due to the nonspecific inhibition, there has been only one inhibitor that could be translated into the clinic. Importantly, it has been shown that phosphorylation of the α‐subunit of FTase increases the activity of the enzyme in certain diseases. As such, understanding the impact of phosphorylation on dynamics of FTase provides a basis for targeting a specific state of the enzyme that emerges under pathological conditions. To this end, we performed 18 μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using complexes of (non)‐phosphorylated FTase that are representatives of the farnesylation reaction. We demonstrated that phosphorylation modulated the catalytic site by rearranging interactions between farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)/peptide substrate, catalytic Zn2+ ion/coordinating residues and hot‐spot residues at the interface of the subunits, all of which led to the stabilization of the substrate and facilitation of the release of the product, thus collectively expediting the reaction rate. Importantly, we also identified a likely allosteric pocket on the phosphorylated FTase, which might be used for specific targeting of the enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that systematically examines the impact of phosphorylation on the enzymatic reaction steps, hence opens up new avenues for drug discovery studies that focus on targeting phosphorylated FTase.
Effects of targeting signal mutations in a mitochondrial presequence on the spatial distribution of the conformational ensemble in the binding site of Tom20
Authors: Han Xiling , Maita Nobuo , Shimada Atsushi , Kohda Daisuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 20‐kDa TOM (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane) subunit, Tom20, is the first receptor of the protein import pathway into mitochondria. Tom20 recognizes the mitochondrial targeting signal embedded in the presequences attached to mature mitochondrial proteins, as an N‐terminal extension. Consequently, ~1,000 different mitochondrial proteins are sorted into the mitochondrial matrix, and distinguished from non‐mitochondrial proteins. We previously reported the MPRIDE (multiple partial recognitions in dynamic equilibrium) mechanism to explain the structural basis of the promiscuous recognition of presequences by Tom20. A subset of the targeting signal features is recognized in each pose of the presequence in the binding state, and all of the features are collectively recognized in the dynamic equilibrium between the poses. Here, we changed the volumes of the hydrophobic side chains in the targeting signal, while maintaining the binding affinity. We tethered the mutated presequences to the binding site of Tom20 and placed them in the crystal contact‐free space (CCFS) created in the crystal lattice. The spatial distributions of the mutated presequences were visualized as smeared electron densities in the low‐pass filtered difference maps obtained by X‐ray crystallography. The mutated presequence ensembles shifted their positions in the binding state to accommodate the larger side chains, thus providing positive evidence supporting the use of the MPRIDE mechanism in the promiscuous recognition by Tom20.
Experimental evaluation of individual effects of water mist spray characteristics on thermal radiation attenuation using twin‐fluid nozzles with full‐cone spray pattern
Authors: Jo Jae Geun , Lee Chi Young 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effects of water mist spray characteristics on thermal radiation attenuation were experimentally investigated using five types of external and internal mixing twin‐fluid nozzles with a full‐cone spray pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first attempt to experimentally examine the separate effects of water mist spray characteristics on thermal radiation attenuation. Water and air supply pressures were measured, and their values were 1.3–55.5 and 29.8–316 kPa, respectively. The Sauter mean diameter and volume median diameter of the water mist were measured to be 20–99 μm and 21–108 μm, respectively. The spray angle and width of the water mist were approximately 20° and 110 mm, respectively. The thermal radiation attenuation afforded by the water mist discharged from the twin‐fluid nozzle increased with increasing water and air flow rates and decreasing droplet sizes. Within the experimental range, the thermal radiation attenuation was approximately 6.9%–28.4%. Based on experimental data, the effects of the water flow rate and droplet size on thermal radiation attenuation were examined independently. The dependence of the thermal radiation attenuation on the droplet size was greater than that on the water flow rate.
From the laboratory to the field: efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes to control the cattle tick
Authors: Filgueiras Marcos Daniel Gomes , Matos Renata Silva , Barreto Lucas Prado , Mascarin Gabriel Moura , Rizzo Pricila Vetrano , Freitas Fernanda Mara Cunha , de Azevedo Prata Márcia Cristina , Monteiro Caio , Fernandes Éverton Kort Kamp 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe control of ticks is challenged by the resistance of tick populations to chemical acaricides. In this study, we evaluated, under laboratory conditions, the efficacy of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus engorged females with varying body weights (150, 200, 250, 300 or 350 mg per female) or from eight different geographical populations. We also determined the efficacy of H. bacteriophora for tick control under field conditions.RESULTSR. microplus engorged females with varying body weights exposed to 150 juveniles of H. bacteriophora resulted in a high control efficacy (97.5% to 98.4%). Tests with females from different geographical populations comprised eight tick strains treated with H. bacteriophora and their respective control groups. The biological parameters of females exposed to nematode treatments did not differ significantly and resulted in 89% to 99% of control efficacy. Trials conducted under field conditions were performed in field plots with Megathyrsus maximus grass. Treatment groups received eight cadavers of Tenebrio molitor fully colonized with H. bacteriophora at 1 week prior to the release of female ticks, whereas control groups were untreated. On the first day of the experiment, six engorged females were distributed in each plot. On day 42 and day 63, the apical portion of the grasses with R. microplus larvae were collected and quantified. The population of R. microplus larvae was reduced up to 73.1% in plots treated with H. bacteriophora at day 63 after treatment.CONCLUSIONR. microplus engorged females with varying body weights or from different geographical populations were highly susceptible to H. bacteriophora. The field test demonstrated the efficacy of H. bacteriophora in reducing R. microplus larvae in infested pastures. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immunostimulant plant proteins: Potential candidates as vaccine adjuvants
Authors: Nazeam Jilan A. , Singab Abdel Nasser B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is shaking up global scientific structures toward addressing antibiotic resistance threats and indicates an urgent need to develop more cost‐effective vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in boosting immunogenicity and improving vaccine efficacy. The toxicity and adversity of most adjuvant formulations are the major human immunization problems, especially in routine pediatric and immunocompromised patients. The present review focused on preclinical studies of immunoadjuvant plant proteins in use with antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral vaccines. Moreover, this report outlines the current perspective of immunostimulant plant protein candidates that can be used by researchers in developing new generations of vaccine‐adjuvants. Future clinical studies are required to substantiate the plant proteins' safety and applicability as a vaccine adjuvant in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Shikonin: Extraction, properties and applications in active and intelligent packaging
Authors: Priyadarshi Ruchir , Rhim Jong‐Whan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShikonin is a naphthoquinone compound, generally extracted from the roots of the Oriental medicinal herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon or the Indian medicinal herb Arnebia euchroma. It has a rich history of being utilized as a pharmacological compound to treat various diseases such as inflammation, wounds and microbial infections. Besides, it also possesses anticancer, antiviral and antioxidant properties, which interest current medical researchers. Food packaging researchers have recently utilized shikonin's antimicrobial and antioxidant properties for active food packaging. Its halochromic properties and ability to change colour with pH variation have attracted tremendous attention for intelligent packaging applications. This review article covers the important extraction processes for shikonin. Further, the important properties of these functional compounds have been discussed. Finally, the advancements in applying shikonin as a multifunctional material in biopolymer‐based films for smart packaging applications have been reviewed for the first time.
Fault diagnosis for rolling bearing based on parameter transfer Bayesian network
Authors: Jiang Zhao , Zhou Jian , Ma Yizhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt the beginning of the change in bearing condition, the bearing fault features are weak, often drowning in the background noise. It makes difficult to extract weak fault features from the vibration signal. If the fault features cannot be effectively extracted, the diagnostic accuracy will be greatly affected. Under this background, a fault diagnosis framework including two stages of signal enhancement and intelligent fault recognition is proposed in this work. Firstly, use a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal combination of parameters, upon which the original fault signals are decomposed into intrinsic modal function components. Then, they are transformed into the spectrum signals and inputted into the proposed Bayesian network using dynamic weighted transfer learning (DWTL). This paper uses the DWTL method to set the source domain weight factor and the balance coefficient based on data quantity in different source and target domains. The DWTL method proposed in this paper can improve the fault diagnosis accuracy and effectively avoid the negative transfer phenomenon. An example of rolling bearing fault diagnosis is conducted. The results show that the accuracy of fault diagnosis based on the proposed framework is about 10% higher than that of other fault diagnosis methods. Therefore, the validity and feasibility of the proposed fault diagnosis framework are proved.
Using an improved YOLOv5s network for the automatic detection of silicon on wheat straw epidermis of micrographs
Authors: Zhang Qianru , Wang Yunfei , Song Lei , Han Mengxuan , Song Huaibo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe silicon on wheat straw epidermis is an obstacle to its resource utilization, and pretreated methods should be applied to remove this structure. Due to the difficulties in detecting the silicon on wheat straw epidermis, judging the efficiency of pretreatment is still a challenging task. In this study, an automatic detection method based on you only look once (YOLO) v5s was proposed to detect the silicon on wheat straw epidermis of micrographs. To improve the efficiency of the network, the Input was modified, the inverted residual module, the pointwise convolution, and the attention mechanism were added, while the focus module was cut off. A total of 4690 micrographs of wheat straw epidermis were collected for training and testing. The training results showed that the proposed model can efficiently detect silicon on wheat straw epidermis of micrographs, and had the highest mean Average Precision of 98.88% among five state‐of‐the‐art comparison models, including RetinaNet, Single Shot MultiBox Detector, YOLOv4tiny, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5s. The weight of the proposed model was 11.7 M, indicating that it can be transplanted to mobile devices. The proposed model showed good robustness under different imaging conditions. All the results indicated that the proposed model could detect the silicon on wheat straw epidermis of micrographs accurately and efficiently.
Conceptual design of transfer structures
Authors: Ribeiro Gonçalo , Almeida João , Lobo Paulo Silva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA transfer structure (TS) is a structure that alters the load path of the gravity loads, shifting the line of thrust laterally to a different vertical alignment. Transfer structures are introduced in buildings that feature discontinuities in some columns or walls and where a direct load path to the foundations is not possible. They usually represent major elements of the structure and their impact on building cost and construction time can be substantial. This paper presents an overview of existing transfer systems and provides guidance on their design and construction. Extensive research on buildings with transfer structures all over the world was carried out (more than 100 examples were analyzed) with the aim of developing a rational typology of these structures. The results can be broken down into five main types: BEAM, TRUSS, INCLINED STRUT, PLATE, and ARCH & TIE.
Influence of feasible reinforcement domain on the topology optimization with discrete model finite element analysis
Authors: Luo Peng , Zhang Hu‐zhi , Wang Jian‐qun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn topology optimization with discrete model finite element analysis (FEA), feasible reinforcement domain determines to a large extent the result, and the trade‐off between accuracy and efficiency of optimization as well. Therefore, a cantilever reinforced concrete short beam was comparatively optimized based on five feasible reinforcement domains with complexity at different levels, respectively. The outcomes exhibit that, it is reasonable to evolve reinforcement layout by topology optimization with discrete model FEA. The orientation of diagonal reinforcement in optimal topologies from complex feasible reinforcement domains would correspond more to the orientation of the principal tensile stress than that using simple ones, since complex ones have rebar distribution with high density or diagonal reinforcement with various orientations. After optimization, the global stress level of the reinforcement decreases, and then utilization rate of the reinforcement strength increases. Additionally, the consumption of rebar and the workload of reinforcement engineering only slightly increased, although such optimal reinforcement topologies are relatively complex. Consequently, the mechanical properties of concrete members can be substantially improved by using a more complex feasible reinforcement domain for optimizing rebar distribution. A complex domain should be chosen on the premise of completing the optimization within a reasonable time in engineering applications.
Frequency‐Weighted Angle Compensator for Position Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control
Authors: Sasaki Seigo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn angle compensator is proposed on a basis of an angle estimation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The angle compensator consists of frequency weightings for a speed reference and an angle estimate. Frequency characteristics using a bandpass filter for the compensator are shown. The characteristics are discussed in a comparison with those using the other filters. The compensator gives a controlled angle from the speed reference and angle estimate even in high‐frequency region. Numerical simulations and experimental results show tracking performance with an adequate use of the reference and reducing noise even in high‐frequency region. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Concurrent hypoadrenocorticism, immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia in a Jack Russell Terrier dog
Authors: Jackson David , Di Bella Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, male neutered Jack Russell Terrier was referred with a 4‐day history of lethargy, hyporexia and haemorrhagic diarrhoea. It was diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism, immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia. Treatment with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone and ciclosporin resulted in marked clinical improvement. The chronology of the three disease processes and the possibility of their interlinked aetiopathogenesis are discussed. This case demonstrates the clinical presentation of a mosaic of suspected immune‐mediated disease and the importance of considering that when one arises others may manifest in the same patient.