bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing long‐term observations of sediment yield with estimates of soil erosion rate based on recent 137Cs measurements. Results from an experimental catchment in Southern Italy
Authors: Porto Paolo , Callegari Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent increase of soil erosion rates in Southern Italy emphasizes the need to identify areas subjected to higher environmental risks. Over the last few decades, several techniques have been used to this purpose. They include mainly experimental sites, like plots and catchments of different size, and the use of prediction models calibrated using local parameters. More recently, some of the limitations associated with these techniques suggested the use of radiotracers, mainly 137Cs, both as alternative and complementary tools to traditional methods. However, some of the assumptions associated with the application of the 137Cs technique still require testing and validation to provide robust estimates of soil erosion rate. These assumptions relate mainly the 137Cs spatial variability on the reference area and the effects of possible additional fallout due to nuclear accidents (e.g., Chernobyl and/or Fukushima). In this contribution, a small experimental catchment located in Calabria, Southern Italy, was selected as a study area by virtue of its long‐term record (29 years) of sediment yield measurements. This database made it possible a comparison between long‐term observations and estimates of soil erosion rate provided by recent measurements of 137Cs. The overall results indicate that if the uncertainty of the reference value is taken into account and the Chernobyl additional flux is incorporated into a physically based conversion model, the latter is able to provide robust estimates of soil erosion rate in the area.
The burden of colon cancer attributable to modifiable factors—The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study
Authors: Lukic Marko , Licaj Idlir , Laaksonen Maarit A. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Borch Kristin B. , Rylander Charlotta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractColon cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in women in Norway, where incidence rates of colon cancer increased 3‐fold between 1955 and 2014, for unknown reasons. We aimed to assess the burden of colon cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Norwegian women using the data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. Self‐reported information from 35 525 women from the NOWAC study were available. These included the following exposures: smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity, intake of calcium, fibers, and red and processed meat. Colon cancer cases were identified from the Cancer Registry of Norway. A parametric piecewise constant hazards model was used to estimate the strength of exposure‐cancer associations. Population attributable fractions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated considering competing risk of death. The fraction of incident colon cancer attributable to ever smoking was 18.7% (95% CI 4.7%‐30.6%), low physical activity 10.8% (95% CI −0.7% to 21.0%), alcohol consumption 14.5% (95% CI −2.8% to 28.9%), and low intake of calcium 10.0% (95% CI −7.8% to 24.8%). A small proportion of colon cancer cases was attributable to combined intake of red and processed meat over 500 g/week, overweight/obesity, and low intake of fibers. Jointly, these seven risk factors could explain 46.0% (95% CI 23.0%‐62.4%) of the colon cancer incidence burden. Between 23% and 62% of the colon cancer burden among women in Norway was attributable to modifiable risk factors, indicating an important preventive potential of a healthy lifestyle.
Adverse effect of FTY720P on colonic Na+/K+ ATPase is mediated via ERK, p38MAPK, PKC, and PI3K
Authors: Rida Reem , Hodeify Rawad , Kreydiyyeh Sawsan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFTY720P, an analogue of sphingosine 1‐phosphate, has emerged lately as a potential causative agent of inflammatory bowel disease, in which electrolytes movements driven by the sodium gradient established by the Na+/K+ ATPase are altered. We showed previously in Caco‐2 cells, a 50% FTY720P‐induced decrease in the ATPase activity, mediated via S1PR2 and PGE2. This work aims at delineating the mechanism underlying PGE2 release and at investigating if the ATPase inhibition is due to changes in its abundance. The activity of the ATPase and the localization of a GFP‐tagged Na+/K+‐ATPase α1‐subunit were assessed in cells treated with 7.5 nM FTY720P. The involvement of ERK, p38 MAPK, PKC, and PI3K was studied in cells treated with 7.5 nM FTY720P or 1 nM PGE2 in presence of their inhibitors, or by determining changes in the protein expression of their activated phosphorylated forms. Imaging data showed ∼30% reduction in the GFP‐tagged Na+/K+ ATPase at the plasma membrane. Both FTY720P and PGE2 showed, respectively, 50% and 60% reduction in ATPase activity that disappeared when p38 MAPK, PKC, and PI3K were inhibited individually but not with ERK inhibition. The effect of FTY720P was imitated by PMA, an activator of PKC. Western blotting revealed inhibition of ERK by FTY720P. It was concluded that FTY720P, through activation of S1PR2, downregulates the Na+/K+ ATPase by inhibiting ERK, which in turn activates p38 MAPK leading to the sequential activation of PKC and PI3K, PGE2 release, and a decrease in the Na+/K+ ATPase activity and membrane abundance.
Tissue‐specific response of the RB‐E2F1 complex during mammalian hibernation
Authors: Singh Gurjit , Bloskie Tighe , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetabolic rate depression during prolonged bouts of torpor is characteristic of mammalian hibernation, reducing energy expenditures over the winter. Cell cycle arrest is observed in quiescent cells during dormancy, partly due to the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein at G1/S, given cell division and proliferation are metabolic‐costly processes. Rb binds to E2F transcription factors and recruits corepressors (e.g., SUV39H1) to E2F target genes, blocking their transcription and cell cycle passage. Phosphorylation by cyclin‐CDK complexes at S780 or S795 abolishes Rb‐mediated repression, allowing transition into S phase. The present study compares Rb‐E2F1 responses between euthermic and torpid states in five organs (brain, heart, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle) of 13‐lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Immunoblotting assessed the expression of Rb, pRb (S780, S795), E2F1, and SUV39H1. Our findings demonstrate multi‐tissue upregulation of Rb and SUV39H1 during torpor, with tissue‐specific changes to E2F1 and pRb (S780), suggesting Rb‐E2F1 contributes to cell cycle control in hibernation.
Trends and outcomes of children, adolescents, and adults hospitalized with inherited metabolic disorders: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hauser Stephanie Isabelle , Gregoriano Claudia , Koehler Henrik , Ebrahimi Fahim , Szinnai Gabor , Schuetz Philipp , Mueller Beat , Kutz Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) comprise a heterogeneous class of genetic disorders characterized by impaired biochemical functions in metabolism. However, incidences and outcomes of patients hospitalized with IMDs are largely unknown. We conducted a population‐based cohort study using nationwide in‐hospital claims data in Switzerland from 2012 to 2020. We assessed incidence rates of hospitalizations and hospital‐associated outcomes, stratified in five age groups (0–9, 10–19, 20–39, 40–59, and 60–90 years) and three types of IMDs (peptide, amine and amino acid metabolism disorders [AD], carbohydrate metabolism disorders [CD], fatty acid, and ketone body metabolism disorders [FD]). A total of 7293 hospitalizations with IMD were identified, of which 3638 had AD, 3153 CD, and 502 FD. Incidence rates for hospitalizations per 100 000 person‐years were highest under the age of 10 years across all types of IMDs (8.69 for AD, 5.73 for CD, 3.71 for FD) and decreased thereafter. In patients with AD and CD, hospitalization rates increased again in adults aged 60–90 years (7.28 for AD, 7.25 for CD), while they remained low in patients with FD (0.31). Compared to inpatients without IMD, adult IMD patients had a higher burden of hospital‐associated adverse outcomes including an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and longer length of hospital or intensive care unit stay. Incremental risk of 30‐day, 1‐year, and 2‐year hospital readmission was highest among children and adolescents with IMD.
The interplay of long noncoding RNAs and hepatitis B virus
Authors: Sarfaraz Nima , Somarowthu Srinivas , Bouchard Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections remain a major global health burden with an estimated 296 million people living with a chronic infection and 884,000 HBV‐related deaths annually. Notably, patients with a chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection are at a 30‐fold greater risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, which is the 3rd deadliest cancer worldwide. Several groups have assessed HBV‐related aberrant expression of host‐cell long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and how altered expression of specific lncRNAs affects HBV replication and progression to associated disease states. Given the challenges in establishing effective HBV models and analyzing transcriptomic data, this review focuses on lncRNA expression data primarily collected from clinical patient samples and primary human hepatocytes, with the subsequent mechanism of action analysis in cell lines or other model systems. Ultimately, understanding HBV‐induced lncRNA‐expression dysregulation could lead to new treatments and biomarkers for HBV infection and its associated diseases.
Tracing the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2): A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Thakur Nagendra , Das Sayak , Kumar Swatantra , Maurya Vimal K. , Dhama Kuldeep , Paweska Janusz T. , Abdel‐Moneim Ahmed S. , Jain Amita , Tripathi Anil K. , Puri Bipin , Saxena Shailendra K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to trace and understand the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) through various available literatures and accessible databases. Although the world enters the third year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, health and socioeconomic impacts continue to mount, the origin and mechanisms of spill‐over of the SARS‐CoV‐2 into humans remain elusive. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was performed that showcased the integrated information obtained through manual searches, digital databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE) searches, and searches from legitimate publications (1966–2022), followed by meta‐analysis. Our systematic analysis data proposed three postulated hypotheses concerning the origin of the SARS‐CoV‐2, which include zoonotic origin (Z), laboratory origin (L), and obscure origin (O). Despite the fact that the zoonotic origin for SARS‐CoV‐2 has not been conclusively identified to date, our data suggest a zoonotic origin, in contrast to some alternative concepts, including the probability of a laboratory incident or leak. Our data exhibit that zoonotic origin (Z) has higher evidence‐based support as compared to laboratory origin (L). Importantly, based on all the studies included, we generated the forest plot with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk ratio estimates. Our meta‐analysis further supports the zoonotic origin of SARS/SARS‐CoV‐2 in the included studies.
Distribution and transmission of copy number variations of uncertain significance in 105 trios
Authors: Wen Qiang , Wang Xiu , Zhang Hao , Liu Xiaoyan , Xu Zhihong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe distribution and genetic characteristics of copy number variations (CNVs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the distribution and transmission of CNVs of uncertain significance in fetuses.MethodsLow‐coverage massively parallels CNV sequencing of 105 families (parents and their fetuses) was performed to identify fetal CNVs of uncertain significance.ResultsIn the 105 fetuses, 176 CNVs of uncertain significance were detected, and the average number of CNVs carried by fetuses was 1.68 ± 0.80. Among the CNVs carried by the fetuses, 79.8% were inherited (~90.0% of the fetuses) and 20.2% were new mutations (~30.0% of the fetuses). We found that 58.9% CNVs were of maternal origin and 41.1% were of paternal origin. Among the CNV subtypes, de novo CNV distribution was significantly different from inherited CNV distribution. There was no difference in the distribution of maternal and paternal CNV subtypes in the fetuses. The proportion of microdeletions (36.7%) and microduplications (63.3%) was similar in the fetuses and parents. Furthermore, we found that when parents carried more CNVs of uncertain significance, the chance of passing them on to their offspring decreased.ConclusionThis study deepens our understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with CNV transmission to assist clinicians in prenatal counseling.
Synergistic effect of graphene on dielectric and piezoelectric characteristic of PVDF‐(BZT‐BCT) composite for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Muduli Sakti P. , Parida Sabyasachi , Behura Sanjay K. , Rajput Shailendra , Rout Sanjeeb K. , Sareen Shweta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric energy harvester has attracted considerable attention as an independent power source for applications in biocompatible, implantable, and flexible electronic devices. However, the lacuna of getting enhanced piezoelectric response from flexible lead‐free polymer‐based composite persists in this field. Here, we present a detailed study on the electrical characteristics such as dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of (PVDF)‐[0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3]‐graphene oxide (GO) three‐phase composite films synthesized by solvent‐casting followed by a hot pressing method. Structural investigations reveal that the fraction of β‐phase of PVDF in all the composites is more than 65%. The dielectric constant of the composite increases up to the threshold value (0.16 wt% for GO and 0.08 wt% for rGO), and further loading causes a decrease in the dielectric constant. The composite with GO concentration of 0.16 wt% (G‐0.16) shows a dielectric constant of 25.6 with a loss tangent of 0.0498. In contrast, composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) concentration of 0.08 wt% (R‐0.08) are 24.3 and 0.0681, respectively, at 1 kHz. Remnant polarization and d33 value of G‐0.16 are 0.012 μC cm−2 and 11 pC N−1, respectively, which are six times and four times more than pure PVDF. The piezoelectric harvester from G‐0.16 produces an open‐circuit voltage of ~4 V and a short‐circuit current of ~1.6 μA with simple hand tapping, which is the highest among the compositions, makes it a suitable candidate for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications.
A small addition of reduced graphene oxide to protect fluorosilicone rubber from thermal oxidative degradation
Authors: You Yang , Zheng Anna , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Guan Yong , Chen Jianding 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs an essential elastomer used in edge technologies, fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) suffers serious oxidative aging problem when serving at high temperature. In this study, a small amount of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was added to FSR, and the resulting rGO/FSR compounds were vulcanized using 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butyl) peroxyhexane as the vulcanizer. The dispersion of rGO was investigated using scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties and thermal‐oxidative stability of the rGO/FSR vulcanizates were investigated via thermal aging test at 230°C for 72 h, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and isothermal degradation test at 280, 320, and 350°C. The results showed the small addition of rGO (0.5 wt%) significantly improved the thermo‐oxidative stability of FSR. In particular, the FSR incorporating of 0.5 wt% of rGO could maintain more than 85% of tensile strength after aging at 230°C for 72 h. The FSR incorporating of 0.5 wt% of rGO can maintain more than 90% of initial weight after aging at 350°C for 12 h. The experiment of scavenging hydroxyl radical by rGO, and quantum chemistry calculation indicated rGO containing aryloxy radicals can scavenge the initial radicals during thermal degradation of FSR, which might be prime reason for the antioxidant properties of rGO.
A method of automatically obtaining master surfaces of resin matrix composites by time–temperature superposition
Authors: Guan Chengyu , Yang Zhiyong , Li Huimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe time–temperature superposition (TTS) is a data processing method of viscoelastic mechanics, which is realized by translating and superposing the responses at different temperatures to get master curves beyond the test time or frequency. In this study, an automatic shift method is developed to obtain master surfaces of the carbon fiber reinforced plastics and epoxy resin. First step, an interpolation is used to process the dynamic mechanical analysis test data measured by frequency sweep/temperature step or continuous heating‐up method. Second step, the Prony series of the generalized Maxwell model are used to fit the storage and loss modulus at each temperature, which makes the fitting curves have physical meaning and causality. Third step, the automatic shift is achieved by minimizing the sum of squares of the vertical distances between two fitting curves. Last step, master surfaces are created by Prony series fitting and interpolation, and the storage modulus, loss modulus, loss factors, and relaxation modulus at any temperature, frequency or time can be found on the master surfaces. Both storage modulus and loss modulus are considered at same time according to the weight. The effects of different weights are studied.
Thromboembolic events after Ad.26.COV2.S COVID‐19 vaccine: Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Woo Emily Jane , Mba‐Jonas Adamma , Thomas Alisha , Baer Bethany , Day Brendan , Kim Yeowon , Gomez‐Lorenzo Margarita , Nair Narayan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has identified a potential safety concern for thromboembolic events (TEEs) after Ad.26.COV2.S COVID‐19 Vaccine. We sought to characterize the frequency, severity, type, and anatomic location of TEEs reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following Ad.26.COV2.S.MethodsReports of TEEs after Ad.26.COV2.S were identified in VAERS, and demographics, clinical characteristics, and relevant medical history were summarized. For a subset of reports, physicians reviewed available medical records and evaluated clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, risk factors, and treatment. The crude reporting rate of TEEs was estimated based on case counts in VAERS and vaccine administration data.ResultsThrough February 28, 2022, FDA identified 3790 reports of TEEs after Ad.26.COV2.S. Median age was 56 years, and 1938 individuals (51.1%) were female. Most reports, 2892 (76.3%), were serious, including 421 deaths. Median time to onset was 12 days post‐vaccination. Obesity and ischemia were among the most commonly documented risk factors. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150 000/μl) was documented in 63 records (11.5%) and anti‐platelet 4 antibodies in 25 (4.6%). Medical review identified cases of severe clot burden (e.g., bilateral, saddle, or other massive pulmonary embolism with or without cor pulmonale; lower extremity thrombus involving the external iliac, common femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, peroneal, and gastrocnemius veins). The crude reporting rate was ~20.7 cases of TEE per 100 000 doses of Ad.26.COV2.S administered.ConclusionsLife‐threatening or fatal TEEs have been reported after Ad.26.COV2.S, including bilateral massive pulmonary embolism or other severe clot burden.
Toughening of a polytriazole resin with diprogargyl poly(propylene glycol)s
Authors: Wu Bangqiang , Hao Xufeng , Zhang Jun , Wan Liqiang , Zhou Yan , Huang Farong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of aerospace technology has put demands on the high tough thermosetting resins. Polytriazole (PTA) resins are a kind of high performance thermosetting resins as matrices of structural composites for aerospace parts. It is necessary to develop polytriazole resins with high toughness. In this paper, propargyl‐terminated polypropylene glycols (PtPGs) with various molecular weights (PtPG400, PtPG600, PtPG725) were synthesized and characterized. A series of PtPG‐toughened polytriazole (PPTA) resins were prepared by the “Click” reaction of PtPG and N,N,N′,N′‐tetrapropargyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (TPDDM) with 1,1‐bisazidomethyl‐4,4′‐biphenyl (BAMBP). The curing behavior of the PPTA resins and the thermal, mechanical, as well as water absorption of the cured PPTA resins were investigated. The results show that the PPTA resins have excellent processing properties and can be cured and molded at 80°C. The molecular weight and the amount of PtPG have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of PPTA resins. When PtPG600 with the molar ratio of alkyne groups 1.0% is formulated, the impact strength of the cured PPTA‐600‐1.0 resin reaches 63.6 ± 8.2 kJ·m−2 and KIC 2.57 MPa·m−1/2, which are 57.4% and 41.2% higher than those of PTA resin respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and water absorption of the cured PPTA‐600‐1.0 resin are 223.8°C and 0.22% respectively.
Proteomic insight into the interaction of Paenibacillus larvae with honey bee larvae before capping collected from an American foulbrood outbreak: Pathogen proteins within the host, lysis signatures and interaction markers
Authors: Erban Tomas , Sopko Bruno , Bodrinova Miroslava , Talacko Pavel , Chalupnikova Julie , Markovic Martin , Kamler Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmerican foulbrood (AFB) is a devastating disease of honey bees. There remains a gap in the understanding of the interactions between the causative agent and host, so we used shotgun proteomics to gain new insights. Nano‐LC–MS/MS analysis preceded visual description and Paenibacillus larvae identification in the same individual sample. A further critical part of our methodology was that larvae before capping were used as the model stage. The identification of the virulence factors SplA, PlCBP49, enolase, and DnaK in all P. larvae‐positive samples was consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, the results were consistent with the array of virulence factors identified in an in vitro study of P. larvae exoprotein fractions. Although an S‐layer protein and a putative bacteriocin were highlighted as important, the microbial collagenase ColA and InhA were not found in our samples. The most important virulence factor identified was isoform of neutral metalloproteinase (UniProt: V9WB82), a major protein marker responsible for the shift in the PCA biplot. This protein is associated with larval decay and together with other virulence factors (bacteriocin) can play a key role in protection against secondary invaders. Overall, this study provides new knowledge on host‐pathogen interactions and a new methodical approach to study the disease.