bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral Composition of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit Peel during Maturation
Authors: Nagy Steven , Dezman David , Rouseff Russell 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Potassium, Ca, Mg, Na, and Zn were determined in ‘Marsh’ grapefruit peel during 2 growing seasons from September through May. Peel mineral concentrations, measured as mg·g-1 fresh peel weight, were: K (2.79-3.52), Ca (0.55-0.96), Mg (0.18-0.28), Na (0.003-0.034), and Zn (0.001-0.002). Freezing temperatures resulted in higher peel concentrations for K but lower concentrations for Ca and Mg.
Endogenous Plant Growth Substances in Developing Fruit of Prunus cerasus XIII. Relationship between Conjugated and Free Abscisic Acid in Pericarp
Authors: Rudnicki Ryszard , Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The presence of abscisic acid (ABA) in both conjugated and free forms was established by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography and by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentration of the free acid was greater than that of conjugated ABA early in fruit development (Stages I and II); however, the conjugated form was more prevalent than the free acid during Stage III. The highest concentration of both the free acid and the conjugated ABA was found during periods of most active fruit enlargement and low concentrations during the retarded phase of pericarp growth. The conjugated form represented a significant and, during Stage III, the major portion of the total ABA present.
Sensitivity of Grape Cultivars to Ambient Ozone
Authors: Musselman R. C. , Melious R. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fifty-nine American, 40 Frency hybrid, and 6 Vitis vinifera L. grape cultivars growing in vineyards at Geneva, N.Y., were rated 4 consecutive years at mid-September for oxidant stipple injury from ambient ozone. There were significant differences in injury among the American and French hybrid cultivars. Cluster analysis separated the American cultivars into 3 sensitivity groups and the french hybrids into 2 sensitivity groups. American cultivars had the highest variability among cultivars in sensitivity, with Ives and Couderc 3309 having the highest sensitivity. High sensitivity to ozone as evidenced by oxidant stipple injury appears to originate within the American Vitis species. None of the cultivars examined was resistant to ambient ozone.
Self-compatibility in ‘Truoito’ Almond and the Effect of Temperature on Selfed and Crossed Pollen Tube Growth
Authors: Vasilakakis Miltiadis D. , Porlingis I. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The level of fruit set of ‘Truoito’ almond from hand self-pollination was high (47.7% and 56.8% in 1982 and 1983, respectively) and similar to the fruit set from hand cross-pollination. Fruit set in bagged branches excluding pollinators (honey bees and wind) was high and similar to that from open pollination (38.0% and 40.0%, respectively). Effective self-pollination occurred without pollinators because the stigmatic surface was adjacent to the anthers, in contrast to other cultivars examined in which the stigma was above the anthers. Pollen tube growth in self-pollinated styles was faster than in those cross-pollinated at 10° and 15°C, but similar at 20° and 25° and slower at 30°. Inhibition of pollen tube growth occurred at 30° in 45% of the selfpollinated styles. Optimum temperatures for ‘Truoito’ pollen tube growth in either selfed or crossed styles were between 20° to 25°, and 54 hr elapsed before tubes reached the base of the style after pollination. Pollen tube growth under field conditions was similar in both selfed and crossed styles.
Land, Labor, and Production Efficiency of Vegetables in Variable-sized Garden Areas
Authors: Stevens Mikel R. , Williams C. Frank , Walser Ronald H. , Davis Tim D. , Jolley Von D. , Nelson Sheldon D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A 2-year study involving 15 garden vegetables and 5 different-sized gardens was conducted to assess land, labor, and production efficiency. As garden size increased, total production increased, but yield per unit area decreased. Relative labor inputs varied with garden size, but were greatest for harvesting (38%) followed by planting (23%), miscellaneous (22%), and weeding (17%). The highest production in relationship to labor and land use was obtained with beets, carrots, cucumbers, onions, tomatoes, and summer squash. The poorest yielding crops were pole and bush beans, sweet corn, peas, peppers, and radishes. Total vegetable yield for the 2-year study averaged 6.2 kg/m2.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Fresh and Aged Spent Mushroom Compost
Authors: Lohr Virginia I. , Hsiao-lei Wang Sherry , Wolt Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Selected physical and chemical properties of fresh spent mushroom compost were evaluated and compared to the properties of spent mushroom compost which was aged aerobically for 6 weeks. Bulk density, total pore space, total water at saturation, and percentage air space in fresh and aged spent composts were acceptable for plant growth. Both contained very high levels of soluble salts which were readily leachable. Concentrations of metals were acceptable, but concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg could lead to plant nutrient imbalances. Concentrations of NH4-N in fresh spent mushroom compost were high.
Delayed Harvest Reduces Yield of Dry Red Chile in Southern New Mexico
Authors: Cotter Donald J. , Dickerson George W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mature red chile fruit [Capsicum annuum (L.)] were harvested over 3 years at 2 locations in southern New Mexico to determine the effects of harvest date on yield and color. Yields peaked in late October or early November and then declined linearly through December or January. Declines were correlated highly with fewer marketable pods harvested due to detachment or discoloration. The detachment of mature red pods over the test period was affected differentially by cultivar. Color (in ASTA units) varied from good commercial levels to substandard ones between years, but the color of late-harvested pods was normally equal to or better than that from earlier-harvested fruit.
Susceptibility of Easter Lily to Glyphosate Injury
Authors: Weller Stephen C. , Hammer P. Allen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although foliar applied glyphosate to Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) caused little damage at concentrations up to 540 x 10-4m (2.2 kg/ha), direct exposure of roots to glyphosate at concentrations as low as 2.7 x 10-4m (0.1 kg/ha) resulted in death. Glyphosate application after simulated flooding of the greenhouse floor indicated that plant injury would not occur if glyphosate is applied as recommended.
Respiration and Weight Changes of Easter Lily Flowers during Development
Authors: Yin-Tung Wang , Breen Patrick J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To simulate the developmental sequence of the Easter lily flower (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’), flower buds from 4.5 cm to 16 cm (anthesis) were cut from field-grown plants on a single date. Fresh weight increased with bud length and was highest at anthesis, whereas dry matter reached a maximum of 1.6 g when buds were 14 cm long. The percentage of dry matter declined from 16% in the smallest bud to only 9% at anthesis. Respiration rates, both per bud and per unit dry weight, increased with bud size, reaching peak values of 3.0 mg CO2 · bud-1 · hr-1 and 1.8 mg CO2 · g-1 dry wt · hr -1 at anthesis before declining to a markedly lower rate. From these data, the total dry matter needs of flowers on field-grown plants were estimated.
Control of Powdery Mildew on Hydrangea and Crapemyrtle with Antitranspirants
Authors: Ziv O. , Hagiladi A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Antitranspirants (‘Vapor Gard’ and ‘Wilt Pruf’) effectively controlled powdery mildew on Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. and Lagerstroemia indica Nana. A 2% antitranspirant emulsion was sufficient to suppress the pathogen’s development without causing visible phytotoxic effect or plant growth inhibition. The antitranspirants were as effective, and in some cases more effective (‘Vapor Gard’), than the systmic triazole fungicide ‘Tilt’ in controlling the disease. Hydrangea and dwarf Lagerstroemia (crapemyrtle) are grown commercially as flowering pot plants. Disease-free plants are required. Powdery mildew (Erisiphe polygoni DC) often causes severe damage on greenhouse-grown hydrangea. This fungus usually appears 1st on the lower leaf surface, where it produces a white, loose, cottony mycelium. Yellowish or purple-white blotches with mycelium also can be observed on the upper surface of the leaf. When the disease develops under favorable environmental conditions, the symptoms cover not only the entire leaf surface but also the bud clusters and flowers (11). Various fungicides control powdery mildew under greenhouse conditions.
In Vitro Responses of Adventitious Embryos of Two Polyembryonic Eugenia Species
Authors: Litz Richard E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ovules were excised from immature fruit of 2 naturally polyembryonic, tropical trees, Eugenia jambos and E. malaccensis. Immature, adventitious embryos were removed from the ovules and were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium that contained either 0-10 mg/liter benzylaminopurine (BA) or 0-10 mg/liter 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Depending on the developmental stage of the adventitious embryos, proliferation of axillary buds occurred on media with 2-10 mg/liter BA, whereas germination occurred on lower BA concentrations or in the absence of growth regulators. Root formation only was induced on media containing 3-10 mg/liter 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus was formed from adventitious embryos from 1-2 cm fruitlets on 1-2 mg/liter 2,4-D. The 2 species responded in a similar manner.
‘La Pêcher’ Peach
Authors: Boudreaux J. E. , Johnson C. E. , Hawthorne P. L. , Young W. A. , Cunningham R. L. , Lartigue M. G. , Raiford T. J. , Peterson F. J. , Wilson P. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘La Pecher’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released to provide a good quality yellow flesh cultivar with a 400 to 500 hr chilling requirement. ‘La Pecher’ produces a heavy crop of medium to large semifreestone fruit that ripen 39 days before ‘Elberta’ or about 6 June in southern Louisiana.
‘Harrow Beauty’ Peach
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Harrow Beauty’ is a very attractive, medium-sized, firm-fleshed, cold hardy, freestone peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] that ripens between ‘Canadian Harmony’ and ‘Loring’. It was introduced in 1983 for the Ontario fresh market as a possible replacement for ‘Loring’ which is marginally adapted to all but the best peach sites in Ontario. The tree is of medium vigor, cold hardy, productive, and appears to have moderate field tolerance to perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.). The fruit seem resistant to bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith) Young et at.], brown rot [Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey], split pits, preharvest drop, and flesh oxidation. The fruit are well suited for the fresh market including local sales and shipping. ‘Harrow Beauty’ is performing well in regional trials in Ontario and is adapted to regions where ‘Redhaven’ is successfully grown.
‘Silvan’ Blackberry
Authors: McGregor G. R. , Kroon K. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Silvan’ is a blackberry cultivar of exceptional quality and yield. In Victoria, the cultivar displays greater tolerance to heavy soils, wind and drought, plus greater productivity, fruit size, and jam processing qualities than other commercial cultivars of trailing blackberries such as ‘Boysen’, ‘Marion’, and ‘Young’.
‘Prairie Lace’ Crapemyrtle
Authors: Whitcomb Carl E. , Gray Charlie , Cavanaugh Billy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Prairie Lace’ Crapemyrtle, Lagerstroemia indica L., is a compact, upright, semidwarf shrub which may reach 1.2 to 2 m in height. Leaves are smaller and thicker than the species average and are very dark green. Inflorescences are 12 to 25 cm tall and 8 to 12 cm wide. Individual petals are medium pink bordered by pure white. ‘Prairie Lace’ is cold hardy to -20°C, and is very resistant to drought and powdery mildew.
In Defense of the J-14 Hydraulic Press
Authors: Izquierdo Juan A. , Markhart Albert H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
I wish to point out a discrepancy in the conclusion on the value of the J-14 hydraulic press by A.H. Markhart, III, and B. Smit-Spinks [HortScience 19(l):52–54, Feb. 1984] that the J-14 readings prevent reliable predictions of the Scholander pressure bomb for leaf water potential measurements.
Two Types of Internal Breakdown in ‘Delicious’ Apples
Authors: Fukuda Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the CSHS Awards—1984 section of Society Affairs [HortScience 19(5):760] a caption appeared with the wrong picture. The correct picture and caption: Also in the CSHS Awards - 1984 section of Society Affairs [HortScience 19(5):760] the correct spelling of one of the Honorary Life Members is Emit T. Anderson.
The Art and Science of Plant Breeding in the Modern World of Research Management
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although plant breeding is very old, it has, at least during recorded history, seldom been short of new ideas and concepts that have made breeding procedures more and more powerful and effective. It is reasonable to speculate that the first act of plant breeding was the use of seeds from superior plants for the next year’s crop. Development of new technologies in the intervening years, has added to the power and versatility of the plant breeder’s art. Some of these changes have been spectacular, others rather modest.
Rewetting Characteristics of Container Media Composed of Gasifier Residue in Combination with Pine Bark or Peat Moss
Authors: Regulski F. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rewetting of gasifier residue (GR) at 0% of container capacity was greater than milled pine bark (B) or Canadian sphagnum peat moss (P). The percentage of container capacity necessary to obtain 80% rewetting of GR was substantially lower than for either P or B (5%, 23%, and 25%, respectively). Neither the rewetting of B, P, or GR at 0% of container capacity, nor the percentage of container capacity necessary to produce 80% rewetting of these media were affected by Aqua-Gro wetting agent (WA). Addition of GR in excess of 75% substantially increased the percentage of rewetting of both B and P.
Relative Isozyme Band Intensities Permit the Identification of the 2n Gamete Parent of Triploid Apple Cultivars
Authors: Chyi Y. S. , Weeden N. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two triploid apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars, ‘Spigold’ (‘Red Spy’ x ‘Golden Delicious’) and ‘Jonagold’ (‘Golden Delicious’ x ‘Jonathan’), and their parental cultivars were analyzed for a number of isozyme systems by starch gel electrophoresis. The banding pattern and intensity of one isozyme system, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), provided strong evidence that the parent contributing the 2n gamete in both 3x cultivars was the female.
Salt Tolerance among Muskmelon Genotypes during Seed Emergence and Seedling Growth
Authors: Shannon M. C. , Bohn G. W. , McCreight J. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cultivated and wild accessions of Cucumis melo L. were evaluated for salt tolerance to identify germplasm useful in breeding programs. Entries were tested for seed germination and seedling emergence in a -6.0 bar osmotic solution of NaCl + CaCl2 (2:1 molar ratio) under laboratory conditions. Seedling growth was measured in the greenhouse as fresh weight of plants grown in sand cultures irrigated with saline nutrient solutions of -0.3, -1.7, and -3.3 bars osmotic potential. Salinity decreased emergence and growth, but quantitative responses varied with differences in environmental conditions between experiments. A wide range of variation in response to salt stress was found for both emergence and vegetative growth. Several plant introductions had better emergence rates and growth than the cultivar ‘Top Mark’ under saline conditions. Salt tolerance exhibited by these introductions may be useful in breeding programs to improve muskmelon performance under saline conditions.
Influence of Within-canopy Shading on Net Photosynthetic Rate, Stomatal Conductance, and Chlorophyll Content of Kiwifruit Leaves
Authors: Grant J. A. , Ryugo Kay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Levels of incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and stomatal conductance (g) were monitored on individual intact kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) leaves at well-exposed and densely shaded canopy positions. Diurnal fluctuations of Pn and g closely paralleled changes in PPFD for exposed leaves. PPFD reaching shaded leaves were extremely low throughout the day; Pn and g were correspondingly low. Pn ranged between 10 and 12 µmol CO2·m-2s-1 when exposed leaves were light-saturated at PPFD between 500 and 700 µmol·m-2s -1. Exposed and shaded leaves had similar chlorophyll concentrations, though the former had significantly higher chlorophyll a:b ratios. Implications relative to leaf canopy design and management are discussed.
Inducing Precocious Germination in Asexual Embryos of Cacao
Authors: Yi-Chang Wang , Janick Jules 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Renewing liquid medium induced radicle development in up to 60% of asexual embryos of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). In combination with medium renewal, radicle development was promoted further by eliminating casein hydrolysate and by reducing the concentration of Murashige and Skoog salts in liquid medium.
Senescence and Postharvest Handling of Cyclamen Flowers
Authors: Halevy Abraham , Kohl Harry C. , Kofranek Anton M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill) flowers terminate their life in 3 ways: corolla abscission, scape bending, or gradual discoloration followed by wilting. Corolla abscission occurs mainly in intact polinated flowers. Scape bending is prevalent in flowers harvested within 3 days after opening. Cyclamen flowers are not sensitive to ethylene and treatment of cut flowers with the anionic silver-thiosulfate complex (STS) had no effect on vase life. STS, however, prevented corolla abscission of intact pollinated flowers. Pulsing flowers with a solution containing sucrose (15%) and AgNO3 (30 ppm) for 20 hr (5 hr at 20° and 15 hr at 4°), prevented scape bending of young flowers and doubled the longevity of the flowers. Flowers harvested at a bud stage (showing color but still in a downward position) opened in less than 3 days to the commercial harvesting stage with a solution of 5% sucrose and 30 ppm AgNO3. Flowers not pulsed could not be stored for more than one week. Prestorage pulsing with 15% sucrose and 30 ppm AgNO3 enabled the storage of flowers for 3 weeks, with keeping quality equal to or better than that of untreated fresh flowers.
Plant Regeneration from Snapdragon Tissue Cultures
Authors: Pfister J. M. , Widholm J. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Calli and suspension cultures were initiated from young shoot and root tissues and mature stem tissues of Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Rocket Golden, ‘Kimosy White,’ and ‘Potomac Yellow.’ Several one-, 2-, or 3-media sequences could induce plant regeneration successfully from cultures initiated from young ‘Kimosy White’ shoot or root tissues. No plants could be regenerated from cultures initiated from mature stem tissues, however. Plantlets also could be formed in a liquid medium; some of these were malformed until placed on solid medium. Complete plants with roots placed in soil developed into normal appearing fertile plants.
Measuring Freshness of Cut Fraser Fir Christmas Trees
Authors: Hinesley L. Eric 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] Christmas trees were cut on 30 Nov. and air-dried for periods of 2, 5, 9, 13, 19, 22, 27 and 33 days, followed by recutting the butt ends and placing in water. Trees dried 9 days or less quickly rehydrated and reached twig moisture contents considerably higher than initial values. The rate and extent of rehydration declined with further drying; trees dried longer than 27 days continued to dry after being returned to water. Needle loss was not related to duration of drying or the quantity of water taken up after trees were returned to water. Xylem pressure potential was closely related to twig moisture content and seemed to be a rapid method of assessing freshness. The critical twig moisture content of Fraser fir, i.e., the moisture content below which a tree will not rehydrate when placed in water, was about 70% to 75%, which corresponded to pressure potentials of -40 to -45 bars.
A Mechanical Aid for Threshing Globe Artichoke Seed Heads
Authors: De Vos Neal E. , Conley William J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The design and operation are described for a mechanical aid for threshing individual seed heads of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Seed extraction is accomplished by holding the seed head manually in the path of ribbed, rubber fingers mounted on a revolving drum. The use of the thresher reduces threshing time to less than 10% of that required to extract seeds by hand, and the percentage of recovery of seeds in the head is increased.
Male-sterility in Artichoke
Authors: Principe J. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Breeding of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), a cross-pollinated species, has been hindered by the lack of any recognized system of self-incompatibility or male-sterility (1). While making controlled pollinations with bagged flower heads during the spring of 1981, 3 male-sterile (MS) plants in the same half-sib family were found. The female parent of these plants, which had been selected from a segregating population derived from seed of unknown origin, produced abundant pollen.
Hypobaric Storage of Celery Transplants
Authors: Jardine Douglas J. , Dilley David R. , Price Hugh C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants initiate seed stalks (bolt) after extended exposure to temperatures of less than 10°C. Hypobaric (low pressure) storage for up to 6 weeks of celery (‘Utah 52-70’) transplants at 0° delayed floral initiation. Plants stored for 2 weeks at 0° at 25 mm Hg or at atmospheric pressure showed no significant differences in bolting or yield compared to nonstored controls after transplanting to the field. Bolting and decreased yields became prevalent as the storage duration was increased to 4 and 6 weeks, particularly in air at atmospheric pressure. Measurement of the internal flower stalk length of marketable celery plants indicated that development was slower for plants which had been stored under hypobaric conditions prior to planting in the field than in those stored at atmospheric pressure.
Effect of Fertilizer Nitrogen and Simazine on Amino Acids and Proteins in Brassicas
Authors: Meredith F. I. , Gaskins M. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino-s-triazine)] sprays (2 or 4 g·liter-1) and supplemental N fertilizer (50 or 100 kg·ha-1) were applied to 3 Brassica species. Both N and simazine treatments increased total N content of leaves, but much of the increased N was not in the protein fraction. Amino acids were not inceased by the N fertilizer in most cases and were reduced by the simazine treatments. The treatments were not useful as a method for improving nutritional quality.
Evaluation of Amaranth as a Potential Greens Crop in the Mid-south
Authors: Makus D. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Eight accessions of Amaranthus tricolor (amaranth) produced between 10.0 to 18.4 MT/ha of plant biomass. Leaf blades constituted between 40% to 62% and leaf tissue between 53% to 80% of the above ground fresh weight of these accessions. Collectively, leaf blades contained 1.1% NO3-N and 2.3% soluble oxalate (as percentage of leaf blade dry weight) and 11.4 mg/g (dry weight) chlorophyll. Average leaf blade elemental levels were 3.84% K, 3.47% Ca, 0.77% Mg, 0.44% P, 0.46% S, 593 ppm Fe, 562 ppm Al, 458 ppm Na, 282 ppm Mn, 79 ppm Zn, and 65 ppm Cu. Four accessions were judged by a taste panel to be comparable to spinach in organoleptic quality.