bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
481 VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS, DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS, OR LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE CLOSURE FOR PATIENTS WITH NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Oliva Angelo , Maria Ioppolo Anna , Chiarito Mauro , Cremonesi Alberto , Azzano Alessia , Micciché Eligio , Mangiameli Andrea , Ariano Francesco , Ferrante Giuseppe , Reimers Bernhard , Garot Philippe , Amabile Nicolas , Condorelli Gianluigi , Stefanini Giulio , Cao Davide 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as a non-pharmacological alternative to long-term oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Methods
We searched PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing 3 different strategies (DOAC vs VKA, LAAC vs VKA, LAAC vs DOAC). Treatment effects were calculated from a network meta-analysis using random-effect model with inverse-variance weighting. The ranking probability of each treatment was based on SUCRA. The primary endpoint was a composite of stroke or systemic embolism.

Results
A total of 7 RCTs and 73,106 patients were included. The risk of the primary endpoint was comparable between LAAC and oral anticoagulation (LAAC vs VKA: OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.55-1.39; LAAC vs DOAC: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.62-1.61) while it was reduced with DOAC vs VKA (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.98). Major bleeding was numerically lower with LAAC vs VKA (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.48-1.16) and similar between LAAC and DOAC (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.61-1.42). LAAC significantly reduced the risk of mortality compared with both VKA (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37-0.73) and DOAC (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42-0.82). The probability of being the best treatment for stroke or systemic embolism prevention was similar for DOAC (51%) and LAAC (48%) whereas LAAC ranked as best treatment for reducing major bleeding (64%) and mortality (100%).

Conclusions
LAAC is a safe and effective alternative to DOAC and VKA for the secondary prevention of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
From an Hsp90 - binding protein to a peptide drug
Authors: Ammanath Aparna Viswanathan , Jarneborn Anders , Nguyen Minh-Thu , Wessling Laura , Tribelli Paula , Nega Mulugeta , Beck Christian , Luqman Arif , Selim Khaled A , Kalbacher Hubert , Macek Boris , Hammer Sandra Beer , Jin Tao , Götz Friedrich 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Lpl proteins represent a class of lipoproteins that was first described in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, where they contribute to pathogenicity by enhancing F-actin levels of host epithelial cells and thereby increasing S. aureus internalization. The model Lpl protein, Lpl1 was shown to interact with the human heat shock proteins Hsp90α and Hsp90ß, suggesting that this interaction may trigger all observed activities. Here we synthesized Lpl1-derived peptides of different lengths and identified two overlapping peptides, namely, L13 and L15, which interacted with Hsp90α. Unlike Lpl1, the two peptides not only decreased F-actin levels and S. aureus internalization in epithelial cells but they also decreased phagocytosis by human CD14+ monocytes. The well-known Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin, showed a similar effect. The peptides not only interacted directly with Hsp90α, but also with the mother protein Lpl1. While L15 and L13 significantly decreased lethality of S. aureus bacteremia in an insect model, geldanamycin did not. In a mouse bacteremia model L15 was found to significantly decreased weight loss and lethality. Although the molecular bases of the L15 effect is still elusive, in vitro data indicate that simultaneous treatment of host immune cells with L15 or L13 and S. aureus significantly increase IL-6 production. L15 and L13 represent not antibiotics but they cause a significant reduction in virulence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains in in vivo models. In this capacity, they can be an important drug alone or additive with other agents.
Aches and Pains: How Do They Affect Transitions From Driving?
Authors: Barrett Anne E , Michael Cherish , Noblitt Jessica , Mimbs Hope 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesChronic pain, which affects more than 1 in 4 middle-aged and older adults, can have profound implications for everyday behaviors like driving. The literature examining it, however, is relatively small and is limited by its reliance on patient populations and its lack of attention to some driving-related behaviors and self-assessments that may signal the start of a transition from driving.Research Design and MethodsWe address these issues using data from an online survey of Floridians aged 50 and older that was conducted between December 2020 and April 2021 and funded by the Florida Department of Transportation (n = 3,832). We ran multivariate regression analyses to examine the association between pain’s interference with driving and 5 driving-related outcomes: self-rated driving ability, driving frequency, self-regulated driving, perceived nearness of driving retirement, and planning for driving retirement.ResultsResults indicate that experiencing more pain that interferes with driving is associated with worse self-rated driving ability, more frequent self-regulated driving, and greater planning for driving retirement. It is not associated with driving frequency or with anticipating that driving retirement will occur in the next 5 years.Discussion and ImplicationsThese findings indicate that greater pain may hasten the transition from driving, along with planning for it. These patterns suggest that pain may increase people’s risk of isolation and other negative outcomes that can follow driving retirement; however, pain’s effect on planning may reduce these risks. By focusing on transitioning from driving, our study reveals a largely overlooked benefit of reducing pain—It could extend people’s years behind the wheel.
Disparities in virtual cardiology visits among Veterans Health Administration patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tisdale Rebecca L , Ferguson Jacqueline , Van Campen James , Greene Liberty , Sandhu Alexander T , Heidenreich Paul A , Zulman Donna M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) rapidly expanded virtual care (defined as care delivered by video and phone), raising concerns about technology access disparities (ie, the digital divide). Virtual care was somewhat established in primary care and mental health care prepandemic, but video telehealth implementation was new for most subspecialties, including cardiology. We sought to identify patient characteristics of virtual and video-based care users in VA cardiology clinics nationally during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods
Cohort study of Veteran patients across all VA facilities with a cardiology visit January 1, 2019–March 10, 2020, with follow-up January 1, 2019–March 10, 2021. Main measures included cardiology visits by visit type and likelihood of receiving cardiology-related virtual care, calculated with a repeated event survival model.

Results
416 587 Veterans with 1 689 595 total cardiology visits were analyzed; average patient age was 69.6 years and 4.3% were female. Virtual cardiology care expanded dramatically early in the COVID-19 pandemic from 5% to 70% of encounters. Older, lower-income, and rural-dwelling Veterans and those experiencing homelessness were less likely to use video care (adjusted hazard ratio for ages 75 and older 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.86; for highly rural residents 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87; for low-income status 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.98; for homeless Veterans 0.85, 95% CI 0.80–0.92).

Conclusion
The pandemic worsened the digital divide for cardiology care for many vulnerable patients to the extent that video visits represent added value over phone visits. Targeted interventions may be necessary for equity in COVID-19-era access to virtual cardiology care.
Chemical Control and Insecticide Resistance inSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Van den Berg Johnnie , du Plessis Hannalene 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInsecticides and genetically modified Bt crops are the main tools for control of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Since its invasion of Africa, the Far East, and Australia where Bt crops are largely absent, insecticide use has increased and reduced susceptibility to several insecticides used for decades in its native distribution area have been reported. Poor efficacy at field-level is sometimes incorrectly ascribed to pest resistance, while numerous other factors influence efficacy at field-level. In this paper, we review the history of insecticide resistance in S. frugiperda and discuss the influence that life history traits, migration ecology, and chemical control practices may have on control efficacy and resistance evolution. The indirect role that poor national policies have on pesticide use practices, and indirectly on control efficacy and selection pressure is discussed. Evidence shows that local selection for resistance drives resistance evolution. Integrated pest management, rather than reliance on a single tactic, is the best way to suppress S. frugiperda numbers and the over-use of insecticides which selects for resistance.
Resistance Bioassays and Allele Characterization Inform Analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Introduction Pathways in Asia and Australia
Authors: Tay W T , Rane R V , James W , Gordon K H J , Downes S , Kim J , Kuniata L , Walsh T K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is present in over 70 countries in Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Its rapid dispersal since 2016 when it was first reported in western Africa, and associated devastation to agricultural productivity, highlight the challenges posed by this pest. Currently, its management largely relies on insecticide sprays and transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, therefore understanding their responses to these agents and characteristics of any resistance genes enables adaptive strategies. In Australia, S. frugiperda was reported at the end of January 2020 in northern Queensland and by March 2020, also in northern Western Australia. As an urgent first response we undertook bioassays on two Australian populations, one each from these initial points of establishment. To assist with preliminary sensitivity assessment, two endemic noctuid pest species, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner; Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius; Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), were concurrently screened to obtain larval LC50 estimates against various insecticides. We characterized known resistance alleles from the VGSC, ACE-1, RyR, and ABCC2 genes to compare with published allele frequencies and bioassay responses from native and invasive S. frugiperda populations. An approximately 10× LC50 difference for indoxacarb was detected between Australian populations, which was approximately 28× higher than that reported from an Indian population. Characterization of ACE-1 and VGSC alleles provided further evidence of multiple introductions in Asia, and multiple pathways involving genetically distinct individuals in Australia. The preliminary bioassay results and resistance allele patterns from invasive S. frugiperda populations suggest multiple introductions have contributed to the pest’s spread and challenge the axiom of its rapid ‘west-to-east’ spread.
Expanding access to early phase trials: the CATCH-UP.2020 experience
Authors: Baranda Joaquina C , Diaz Francisco J , Rubinstein Larry , Shields Anthony F , Dayyani Farshid , Mehta Amitkumar , Mehnert Janice M , Trent Jonathan , Mabaera Rodwell , Mooney Margaret , Moscow Jeffrey A , Doroshow James , Waters Brittany , Ivy Percy , Gore Steven D , Thomas Alexandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisparities in cancer outcomes persist for underserved populations; one important aspect of this is limited access to promising early phase clinical trials. To address this, the National Cancer Institute–funded Create Access to Targeted Cancer Therapy for Underserved Populations (CATCH-UP.2020) was created. We report the tools developed and accrual metrics of the initial year of CATCH-UP.2020 with a focus on racial, ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomically underserved populations.MethodsCATCH-UP.2020 is a P30 supplement awarded to 8 National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers with existing resources to rapidly open and accrue to Experimental Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network (ETCTN) trials with emphasis on engaging patients from underserved populations. Sites used patient-based, community-based, investigator-based, and program-based tools to meet specific program goals.ResultsFrom September 2020 to August 2021, CATCH-UP.2020 sites opened 45 ETCTN trials. Weighted average trial activation time for the 7 sites reporting this was 107 days. In the initial year, sites enrolled 145 patients in CATCH-UP.2020 with 68 (46.9%) representing racial, ethnic, rural, and socioeconomically underserved populations using the broader definition of underserved encompassed in the grant charge. During the initial year of CATCH-UP.2020, a time impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, 15.8% (66 of 417) and 21.4% (31 of 145) of patients enrolled to ETCTN trials at network and at CATCH-UP sites, respectively, were from racial and ethnic minority groups, a more limited definition of underserved for which comparable data are available.ConclusionTargeted funding accelerated activation and accrual of early phase trials and expanded access to this therapeutic option for underserved populations.
Trial Design Considerations to Increase Older Adult Accrual to National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials
Authors: Le-Rademacher Jennifer , Mohile Supriya , Unger Joseph , Hudson Matthew F , Foster Jared , Lichtman Stuart , Perlmutter Jane , Dotan Efrat , Extermann Martine , Dodd Kevin , Tew William , Klepin Heidi , Wildes Tanya M , Sedrak Mina S , Jatoi Aminah , Little Richard F 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough adults aged 65 years or older make up a strong majority of cancer patients, their underrepresentation in cancer clinical trials leads to the lack of representative data to guide evidence-based therapeutic decisions in this patient population. The Trial Design Working Group, convened as part of the workshop titled, Engaging Older Adults in the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Network: Challenges and Opportunities, recommended study designs and design elements that could improve accrual of older adults in National Cancer Institute–funded clinical trials. These include trials that are specifically designed to enroll older adults, trials that include a cohort of older patients (parallel cohort, stratified cohort, or embedded cohort), and trials with pragmatic design elements to facilitate enrollment of older adults. This manuscript provides brief descriptions of the recommended designs, examples of successful trials, and considerations for implementation of these designs.As with any clinical trial, the scientific questions and trial objectives should drive the study design, the selection of endpoints and intervention, and eligibility criteria. When designing trials that include older adults, the heterogeneity of fitness levels is an important consideration as fitness can influence accrual rates and outcomes. Appropriately incorporating geriatric assessments can help identify the optimal subset of older patients for inclusion and minimize selection bias. Incorporating pragmatic design elements to reduce the burden on trial participants as well as on accruing sites and retaining essential elements to ensure that the main goal of the trial can be accomplished can enhance enrollment without compromising the integrity of trials.
Stylometry analysis of the French presidential election
Authors: Savoy Jacques 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes the style and content of 25,590 tweets sent by eight candidates during the French presidential election (from 1 September 2021 to 24 April 2022). During this campaign, the candidates have used Twitter intensively to motivate their supporters, putting forward some propositions or to announce their presence on a TV show or at a rally. This study demonstrates that all candidates have sent more tweets during this period, particularly during the last 2 months. In their tweets, they have put forward their propositions by including mentions (@ZemmourEric), hashtags (#Elysee2022), and URLs to information sources supporting their views. As main topics, economic concern ranks first (36% of all tweets) followed by security questions (16.4%) and ecology (13.7%) with the intensity varying among runners. The main target of their criticisms was the incumbent president Macron, with only a few attacks on other candidates. Finally, one can observe a more intense use of Twitter by extreme political parties compared to traditional ones.
Sense of self in mind and body: an eLORETA-EEG study
Authors: Bao Zhongjie , Frewen Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The human brain engages the sense of self through both semantic and somatic self-referential processing (SRP). Alpha and theta oscillations have been found to underlie SRP but have not been compared with respect to semantic and somatic SRP. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 50 participants during focused internal attention on life roles (e.g. “friend”) and outer body (e.g. “arms”) compared to resting state and an external attention memory task and localized the sources of on-scalp alpha (8–12 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) EEG signals with exact low-resolution tomography. Logarithm of F-ratios was calculated to compare differences in alpha and theta power between SRP conditions, resting state, and external attention. Results indicated that compared to resting state, semantic SRP induced lower theta in the frontal cortex and higher theta in the parietal cortex, whereas somatic SRP induced lower alpha in the frontal and insula cortex and higher alpha in the parietal cortex. Furthermore, results indicated that compared to external attention, both semantic and somatic SRP induced higher alpha in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with lateralized patterns based on task condition. Finally, an analysis directly comparing semantic and somatic SRP indicated frontal–parietal and left–right lateralization of SRP in the brain. Our results suggest the alpha and theta oscillations in the frontal, parietal, and the insula cortex may play crucial roles in semantic and somatic SRP.
Novel INHAT repressor drives glioblastoma growth by promoting ribosomal DNA transcription in glioma stem cells
Authors: Tao Weiwei , Lei Hong , Luo Wenlong , Huang Zhi , Ling Peng , Guo Mengyue , Wan Lihao , Zhai Kui , Huang Qian , Wu Qiulian , Xu Shutong , Zeng Liang , Wang Xiuxing , Dong Zhiqiang , Rich Jeremy N , Bao Shideng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Cancer cells including cancer stem cells exhibit a higher rate of ribosome biogenesis than normal cells to support rapid cell proliferation in tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the preferential ribosome biogenesis in glioma stem cells (GSCs) remain unclear. In this work, we show that the novel INHAT repressor (NIR) promotes ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription to support GSC proliferation and glioblastoma (GBM) growth, suggesting that NIR is a potential therapeutic target for GBM.

Methods
Immunoblotting, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analysis were used to determine NIR expression in GSCs and human GBMs. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown, we assessed the role and functional significance of NIR in GSCs and GSC-derived orthotopic GBM xenografts. We further performed mass spectrometry analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and other biochemical assays to define the molecular mechanisms by which NIR promotes GBM progression.

Results
Our results show that high expression of NIR predicts poor survival in GBM patients. NIR is enriched in the nucleoli of GSCs in human GBMs. Disrupting NIR markedly suppresses GSC proliferation and tumor growth by inhibiting rDNA transcription and pre-ribosomal RNA synthesis. In mechanistic studies, we find that NIR activates rDNA transcription to promote GSC proliferation by cooperating with Nucleolin (NCL) and Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), 2 important nucleolar transcription factors.

Conclusions
Our study uncovers a critical role of NIR-mediated rDNA transcription in the malignant progression of GBM, indicating that targeting this axis may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM.
Public investment and human capital with segmented labour markets
Authors: Buffie Edward F , Adam Christopher , Zanna Luis-Felipe , Balma Lacina , Tessema Dawit , Kpodar Kangni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We develop a dynamic general equilibrium macroeconomic model with segmented labour markets and efficiency wages to examine how labour market structures influence the impact of human capital investment in low-income countries. For plausible calibration values, public investment in education is much more effective than infrastructure investment in promoting long-run economic development, but because investment in education affects labour productivity with a lag, policymakers face an intertemporal trade-off which depends on their social discount rate and the weight of distributional objectives in the social welfare function. We show the distortionary structure of labour markets matters in leveraging welfare gains from public investment and in shifting the optimal public investment programme further in favour of human capital, relative to the case of flex-wage full-employment labour markets.