bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levers for the agroecological transition of tropical agriculture
Authors: Côte François Xavier , Rapidel Bruno , Sourisseau Jean Michel , Affholder Francois , Andrieu Nadine , Bessou Cécile , Caron Patrick , Deguine Jean-Philippe , Faure Guy , Hainzelin Etienne , Malezieux Eric , Poirier-Magona Emmanuelle , Roudier Philippe , Scopel Eric , Tixier Philippe , Toillier Aurélie , Perret Sylvain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo promote greater sustainability in agriculture, development of agroecology is increasingly being invoked. What are the conditions for establishing agroecological production in tropical regions? Based upon case studies in several tropical areas, we provide here some answers to this question. We review the “pillars” (i.e. principles) and the “implementation levers” (i.e., tools) for the development of agroecology. We identify three main pillars: (1) the mobilization and management of ecological processes for the sustainable production and the resilience of agroecosystems; (2) the development of interactions between technical, social, environmental, and institutional components of agroecosystems for a holistic approach to agroecology; and (3) the scaling up of agroecology that takes place with a plurality of actions and pathways at different organization levels rather than an increase in resources and a replication of standardized technical processes. To implement these three pillars, we identify 11 main bio-technical, cognitive, socio-political, and organizational levers. Bio-technical levers include those for (1) mobilizing complementarity between crop species to optimize natural resources use, (2) mobilizing functional biodiversity at the plot scale to optimize natural regulation of pests and diseases, (3) managing biodiversity at landscape and territorial scales, (4) increasing the efficiency of biogeochemical cycles, and (5) renewing targets for genetic improvement. Cognitive, socio-political, and organizational levers include those for (6) political and institutional action at the national and global level, (7) action at the local level to support producers, (8) political and organizational action at the territorial level, (9) the marketing and the development of new agri-chains, (10) the development of new methods for evaluating production systems, and (11) the recognition of the values of gender and generation within families and other organisational levels. This paper provides an overall orientation for the agroecological transition in tropical agriculture and also considers the socio-political context that underlies this transition.
Assessing Anatomical Changes in Male Reproductive Organs in Response to Larval Crowding Using Micro-computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Morimoto Juliano , Barcellos Renan , Schoborg Todd A. , Nogueira Liebert Parreiras , Colaço Marcos Vinicius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEcological conditions shape (adaptive) responses at the molecular, anatomical, and behavioral levels. Understanding these responses is key to predict the outcomes of intra- and inter-specific competitions and the evolutionary trajectory of populations. Recent technological advances have enabled large-scale molecular (e.g., RNAseq) and behavioral (e.g., computer vision) studies, but the study of anatomical responses to ecological conditions has lagged behind. Here, we highlight the role of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in generating in vivo and ex vivo 3D imaging of anatomical structures, which can enable insights into adaptive anatomical responses to ecological environments. To demonstrate the application of this method, we manipulated the larval density of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen flies and applied micro-CT to investigate the anatomical responses of the male reproductive organs to varying intraspecific competition levels during development. Our data is suggestive of two classes of anatomical responses which broadly agree with sexual selection theory: increasing larval density led to testes and ejaculatory duct to be overall larger (in volume), while the volume of accessory glands and, to a lesser extent, ejaculatory duct decreased. These two distinct classes of anatomical responses might reflect shared developmental regulation of the structures of the male reproductive system. Overall, we show that micro-CT can be an important tool to advance the study of anatomical (adaptive) responses to ecological environments.
Using Implicit Measures of Discrimination: White, Black, and Hispanic Participants Respond Differently to Group-Specific Racial/Ethnic Categories vs. the General Category “People of Color” in the USA
Authors: Marini Maddalena , Waterman Pamela D. , Breedlove Emry R. , Chen Jarvis T. , Testa Christian , Pardee Dana J. , LeBlanc Merrily , Reisner Sari L. , Oendari Apriani , Krieger Nancy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent studies showed that implicit measures are valuable instruments for assessing exposure to discrimination and predicting negative physical conditions. Between March 10, 2020, and April 1, 2020, we conducted three experiments (577 participants) in the USA to evaluate the use of group-specific vs. general race/ethnicity categories in implicit measures of discrimination. We measured implicit discrimination and attitudes towards the general race/ethnicity category “people of color” (POC) and two specific race/ethnicity categories (i.e., “Black people” and “Hispanic people”). Implicit discrimination and attitudes were assessed using the Brief Implicit Association Test (B-IAT). Among participants (mean age = 37, standard deviation = 10.5), 50% identified as White non-Hispanic (NH), 33.3% as Black NH, and 16.7% as Hispanic; 71.7% were female and 72.2% had a bachelor’s degree or higher. We found an implicit discrimination towards target groups and an in-group preference among all participant groups only when specific race/ethnicity categories were used in the B-IAT. When the general category POC was used, we observed a discrimination towards POC only for Black NH participants, while White NH participants showed no discrimination. Similarly, Black NH participants showed no in-group preference for POC, but did show an in-group preference for Black people. These results suggest that using the category POC in implicit measures may be inappropriate when evaluating discrimination and attitudes towards Black and Hispanic individuals as it may not capture specific experiences of discrimination and identity in these groups.
A focused crawler based on semantic disambiguation vector space model
Authors: Liu Wenjun , He Yu , Wu Jing , Du Yajun , Liu Xing , Xi Tiejun , Gan Zurui , Jiang Pengjun , Huang Xiaoping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe focused crawler grabs continuously web pages related to the given topic according to priorities of unvisited hyperlinks. In many previous studies, the focused crawlers predict priorities of unvisited hyperlinks based on the text similarity models. However, the representation terms of the web page ignore the phenomenon of polysemy, and the topic similarity of the text cannot combine the cosine similarity and the semantic similarity effectively. To address these problems, this paper proposes a focused crawler based on semantic disambiguation vector space model (SDVSM). The SDVSM method combines the semantic disambiguation graph (SDG) and the semantic vector space model (SVSM). The SDG is used to remove the ambiguation terms irrelevant to the given topic from representation terms of retrieved web pages. The SVSM is used to calculate the topic similarity of the text by constructing text and topic semantic vectors based on TF × IDF weights of terms and semantic similarities between terms. The experiment results indicate that the SDVSM method can improve the performance of the focused crawler by comparing different evaluation indicators for four focused crawlers. In conclusion, the proposed method can make the focused crawler grab the higher quality and more quantity web pages related to the given topic from the Internet.
A two-stage stacked-based heterogeneous ensemble learning for cancer survival prediction
Authors: Yan Fangzhou , Feng Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCancer survival prediction is one of the three major tasks of cancer prognosis. To improve the accuracy of cancer survival prediction, in this paper, we propose a priori knowledge- and stability-based feature selection (PKSFS) method and develop a novel two-stage heterogeneous stacked ensemble learning model (BQAXR) to predict the survival status of cancer patients. Specifically, PKSFS first obtains the optimal feature subsets from the high-dimensional cancer datasets to guide the subsequent model construction. Then, BQAXR seeks to generate five high-quality heterogeneous learners, among which the shortcomings of the learners are overcome by using improved methods, and integrate them in two stages through the stacked generalization strategy based on optimal feature subsets. To verify the merits of PKSFS and BQAXR, this paper collected the real survival datasets of gastric cancer and skin cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute, and conducted extensive numerical experiments from different perspectives based on these two datasets. The accuracy and AUC of the proposed method are 0.8209 and 0.8203 in the gastric cancer dataset, and 0.8336 and 0.8214 in the skin cancer dataset. The results show that PKSFS has marked advantages over popular feature selection methods in processing high-dimensional datasets. By taking full advantage of heterogeneous high-quality learners, BQAXR is not only superior to mainstream machine learning methods, but also outperforms improved machine learning methods, which indicates can effectively improve the accuracy of cancer survival prediction and provide a reference for doctors to make medical decisions.
Histone-Net: a multi-paradigm computational framework for histone occupancy and modification prediction
Authors: Asim Muhammad Nabeel , Ibrahim Muhammad Ali , Malik Muhammad Imran , Razzak Imran , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeep exploration of histone occupancy and covalent post-translational modifications (e.g., acetylation, methylation) is essential to decode gene expression regulation, chromosome packaging, DNA damage, and transcriptional activation. Existing computational approaches are unable to precisely predict histone occupancy and modifications mainly due to the use of sub-optimal statistical representation of histone sequences. For the establishment of an improved histone occupancy and modification landscape for multiple histone markers, the paper in hand presents an end-to-end computational multi-paradigm framework “Histone-Net”. To learn local and global residue context aware sequence representation, Histone-Net generates unsupervised higher order residue embeddings (DNA2Vec) and presents a different application of language modelling, where it encapsulates histone occupancy and modification information while generating higher order residue embeddings (SuperDNA2Vec) in a supervised manner. We perform an intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation of both presented distributed representation learning schemes. A comprehensive empirical evaluation of Histone-Net over ten benchmark histone markers data sets for three different histone sequence analysis tasks indicates that SuperDNA2Vec sequence representation and softmax classifier-based approach outperforms state-of-the-art approach by an average accuracy of 7%. To eliminate the overhead of training separate binary classifiers for all ten histone markers, Histone-Net is evaluated in multi-label classification paradigm, where it produces decent performance for simultaneous prediction of histone occupancy, acetylation, and methylation.
A hybrid adjacency and time-based data structure for analysis of temporal networks
Authors: Hilsabeck Tanner , Arastuie Makan , Xu Kevin S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDynamic or temporal networks enable representation of time-varying edges between nodes. Conventional adjacency-based data structures used for storing networks such as adjacency lists were designed without incorporating time and can thus quickly retrieve all edges between two sets of nodes (anode-based slice) but cannot quickly retrieve all edges that occur within a given time interval (atime-based slice). We propose a hybrid data structure for storing temporal networks that stores edges in both an adjacency dictionary, enabling rapid node-based slices, and an interval tree, enabling rapid time-based slices. Our hybrid structure also enablescompound slices, where one needs to slice both over nodes and time, either by slicing first over nodes or slicing first over time. We further propose an approach for predictive compound slicing, which attempts to predict whether a node-based or time-based compound slice is more efficient. We evaluate our hybrid data structure on many real temporal network data sets and find that they achieve much faster slice times than existing data structures with only a modest increase in creation time and memory usage.
Establishing an Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Clinic: Lessons Learned
Authors: Knight Dacre R. T. , Confiado Sunnie M. , Bruno Katelyn A. , Fairweather DeLisa , Seymour-Sonnier Andrea M. , Jain Angita , Gehin Jessica M. , Whelan Emily R. , Culberson Joshua H. , Munipalli Bala , Dawson Nancy L. , Rozen Todd D. , Wick Joseph J. , Kotha Archana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn a large academic medical center, patient requests from the community and internal referrals for evaluation of suspected hypermobility conditions were being denied consultation because services specific to this condition were not available. We identified this gap and developed a comprehensive evaluation for this unique patient population. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a solution for improving outcomes in a neglected patient population by establishing an innovative outpatient clinic specifically tailored for patients with EDS.We describe the lessons learned on establishing a specialty clinic for treating patients with hypermobility syndromes including hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobile syndrome disorder (HSD). Findings were collected from a patient focus group that was instrumental in understanding common care gaps. We document the firsthand perspective of three patients presenting with hypermobility accompanied by joint pain and denote the complicated state of healthcare in recognizing and treating this condition. A summary of patient demographics and characteristics was collected from patients seen in the clinic from November 14, 2019 to April 13, 2021.The firsthand accounts illustrate the challenges faced in treating this condition and the need for, and success of, this clinic using a coordinated care model. Demographics reveal a primarily white female population under the age of 50 with many comorbidities. Genetic testing was largely negative, with more patients diagnosed with HSD than hEDS.Our shared experience of launching a successful EDS clinic may assist other clinicians in establishing similar care models.
Learning to See: Using Mixed OR Methods to Model Radiology Staff Workload and Support Decision Making in CT
Authors: Conlon Mary , Molloy Owen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDemand for Computer Tomography (CT) is growing year on year and the population of Ireland is increasingly aging and ailing. Anecdotally, radiology staff reported increasing levels of workload associated with the patient profile. In this paper, we propose a framework combining discrete event simulation (DES) modeling and soft systems methodologies (SSM) for use in healthcare which captures the staff experience and metrics to evidence workload. The framework was applied in a single-scanner CT department, which completes circa 6000 examinations per year. The scanner case load consists of unscheduled work [inpatient (IP) and emergency department (ED)] and scheduled work [outpatient (OP) and general practitioner (GP)]. The three stage framework is supported by qualitative and quantitative methods and uses DES as a decision support tool. Firstly, workflow mapping and system dynamics are used to conceptualize the problem situation and instigate a preliminary data analysis. Secondly, SSM tools are used to identify components for a DES model and service improvement scenarios. Lastly, the DES model results are used to inform decision-making and identify a satisficing solution. Data from the DES model provided evidence of the differing workload (captured in staff time) for the IP and OP cohorts. For non-contrast examinations, inpatient workload is 2.5 times greater than outpatient. Average IP process delays of 11.9 min were demonstrated compared to less than 1 min for OP. The findings recommend that OP and IP diagnostic imaging be provided separately, for efficiency, workload management and infection control reasons.
An appropriate treatment interval does not affect the prognosis of patients with breast Cancer
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Jiaxing , Yin Sifei , Geng Cuizhi , Xu Binghe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Major public health emergencies may lead to delays or alterations in the treatment of patients with breast cancer at each stage of diagnosis and treatment. How much do these delays and treatment changes affect treatment outcomes in patients with breast cancer?

Methods
This review summarized relevant research in the past three decades and identified the effect of delayed treatment on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer in terms of seeking medical treatment, neoadjuvant treatment, surgery, postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies.

Results
Delay in seeking medical help for ≥12 weeks affected the prognosis. Surgical treatment within 4 weeks of diagnosis did not affect patient prognosis. Starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy within 8 weeks after diagnosis, receiving surgical treatment at 8 weeks or less after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and receiving radiotherapy 8 weeks after surgery did not affect patient prognosis. Delayed chemotherapy did not increase the risk of relapse in patients with luminal A breast cancer. Every 4 weeks of delay in the start of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with luminal B, triple-negative, or HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab will adversely affect the prognosis. Targeted treatment delays in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer should not exceed 60 days after surgery or 4 months after diagnosis. Radiotherapy within 8 weeks after surgery did not increase the risk of recurrence in patients with early breast cancer who were not undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Different treatments have different time sensitivities, and the careful evaluation and management of these delays will be helpful in minimizing the negative effects on patients.
Legal Realism and ‘Working’ Rules
Authors: Frydrych David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe American Legal Realists offered several hypotheses about alternative drivers of official decision-making (i.e., considerations other than the rules on the books). This article identifies a tension between two of those hypotheses: the ‘extra-legal’ factors and ‘working’ rules. This tension gets exacerbated in Frederick Schauer’s account of Legal Realism, one which places his Dislocated Determinacy thesis—about working rules constituting an additional ground for the existence of ‘easy’ cases and determinacy across a legal system—into doubt.
Iterating on multiple collections in synchrony
Authors: PERNA STEFANO , TANNEN VAL , WONG LIMSOON 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Modern programming languages typically provide some form of comprehension syntax which renders programs manipulating collection types more readable and understandable. However, comprehension syntax corresponds to nested loops in general. There is no simple way of using it to express efficient general synchronized iterations on multiple ordered collections, such as linear-time algorithms for low-selectivity database joins. Synchrony fold is proposed here as a novel characterization of synchronized iteration. Central to this characterization is a monotonicisBeforepredicate for relating the orderings on the two collections being iterated on and an antimonotoniccanSeepredicate for identifying matching pairs in the two collections to synchronize and act on. A restriction is then placed on Synchrony fold, cutting its extensional expressive power to match that of comprehension syntax, giving us Synchrony generator. Synchrony generator retains sufficient intensional expressive power for expressing efficient synchronized iteration on ordered collections. In particular, it is proved to be a natural generalization of the database merge join algorithm, extending the latter to more general database joins. Finally, Synchrony iterator is derived from Synchrony generator as a novel form of iterator. While Synchrony iterator has the same extensional and intensional expressive power as Synchrony generator, the former is better dovetailed with comprehension syntax. Thereby, algorithms requiring synchronized iterations on multiple ordered collections, including those for efficient general database joins, become expressible naturally in comprehension syntax.
Clustered colouring of graph classes with bounded treedepth or pathwidth
Authors: Norin Sergey , Scott Alex , Wood David R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe clustered chromatic number of a class of graphs is the minimum integer
$k$
such that for some integer
$c$
every graph in the class is
$k$
-colourable with monochromatic components of size at most
$c$
. We determine the clustered chromatic number of any minor-closed class with bounded treedepth, and prove a best possible upper bound on the clustered chromatic number of any minor-closed class with bounded pathwidth. As a consequence, we determine the fractional clustered chromatic number of every minor-closed class.
Pattern diversity and isolation enhancement of UWB MIMO antenna based on characteristic modes for mobile terminals
Authors: Jayant Shailesh , Srivastava Garima , Kumar Sachin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA printed ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple input multiple output antenna with isolation enhancement and pattern diversity is presented, which is based on characteristic modes (CM) for upcoming wireless mobile platforms. The presented antenna is composed of dual UWB antenna elements (AEs) – an antipodal Vivaldi and a circular-shaped monopole positioned on the two opposite edges of the antenna's rectangular-shaped ground surface. The two AEs are capable to stimulate distinct modes in the ground surface and therefore obtaining the required distinct radiation (far-field) patterns and highly isolated AEs without introducing any decoupling structure (DS). The measured results demonstrate that both AEs are UWB with an operating frequency from 2.6 to 11 GHz. The measured isolation is more than 30.1 dB with a maximum value of 55 dB in UWB. The peak realized gain is over 0.83 dBi. The radiation efficiency is greater than 75%. The Envelope Correlation Coefficient is <0.08.