bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thioxanthylium Cations: Highly Reversible Hydrochromic Mate‐rials with Tunable Color and Moisture Sensitivity
Authors: Chua Ming Hui , Soo Xiang Yun Debbie , Goh Wei Peng , Png Zhuang Mao , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrochromic materials, which change color in response to moisture, are highly sought‐after due to some unique applications such as moisture detection, humidity monitoring, anti‐counterfeiting, and sweat‐pore mapping. We herein report a new thioxanthene‐9‐ols/thioxanthylium cations hydrochromic system. The hydrochromic thioxanthylium cations can be generated/regenerated by exposing a chemically stable thioxanthene‐9‐ol to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The intensely colored thioxanthylium cations can be chemically reverted to the colorless thioxanthene‐9‐ol. Interestingly, the conversion between thioxanthene‐9‐ol and its cation species was found to be highly reversible in most cases (up to 50 activation‐deactivation cycles). The color and moisture‐sensitivity of thioxanthylium cations were also validated to be tunable via functionalization of the thioxanthene core with different aliphatic and aromatic groups at its 9 or 2,7‐positions. Finally, paper probes were prepared using solution‐immersion and inkjet‐printing techniques to demonstrate the system's potential applications in humidity sensing and anti‐counterfeiting
The Dowd–Beckwith Reaction: History, Strategies, and Synthetic Potential
Authors: Singha Tushar , Rouf Samim Mondal Abdur , Midya Suparnak , Prasad Hari Durga 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRing‐expansion strategies are valuable synthetic tools that take benefit of existing ring structures and evade the unfavorable enthalpic‐and entropic effects that arise with end‐to‐end cyclizations. One potentially important class of such reactions is the Dowd–Beckwith reaction, the ring‐expansion of ketones via alkoxy radicals. The exciting advancement in this research area is starting to show its potential, as demonstrated by applying this methodology in strategy‐level bond formation to synthesize complex natural products. This Review aims to provide the first comprehensive survey of the development of the Dowd–Beckwith reaction spanning three decades from the initial report to the present day, thus providing the readers with great detail about the contributions of this reaction to organic synthesis. We hope that this review will further disclose the salient features of the Dowd–Beckwith reaction for synthetic applications and encourage the development of new, more advanced applications.
Experiments with fluorescent indicators
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLichterscheinungen und Farbe bzw. Farbänderungen sind zwei mögliche Phänomene in chemischen Systemen, welche einen faszinierenden Eindruck auf den Beobachter hinterlassen (können). Fluoreszenzindikatoren weisen beide Kennzeichen sogar vereint in sich auf. In der experimentellen Schulchemie werden sie jedoch selten berücksichtigt, obwohl ihre Verwendung vielfach möglich wäre. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden hierzu eine Reihe von Vorschlägen gemacht und zahlreiche Experimente genau beschrieben.
Coffee and tea consumption, patient‐reported, and clinical outcomes in a longitudinal study of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Soldato Davide , Havas Julie , Crane Tracy E. , Presti Daniele , Lapidari Pietro , Rassy Nathalie , Pistilli Barbara , Martin Elise , Del Mastro Lucia , Martin Anne‐Laure , Jacquet Alexandra , Coutant Charles , Cottu Paul , Merimeche Asma , Lerebours Florence , Tredan Olivier , Vanlemmens Laurence , André Fabrice , Vaz‐Luis Ines , Di Meglio Antonio 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundHigher consumption of coffee and tea has been associated with improved health outcomes in the general population and improved breast cancer (BC) prognosis. This study investigated patterns of coffee and tea consumption and association with patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and clinical outcomes among survivors of BC.MethodsThe authors included survivors of stage I–III BC enrolled in the CANTO cohort (NCT01993498) that provided post‐treatment assessment of coffee and tea consumption from years 1 to 4 after diagnosis. Group‐based trajectory modeling clustered patients according to daily consumption of coffee and tea. Multivariable mixed models and Cox models examined associations between consumption, PROs and clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 3788 patients, the authors identified four stable patterns of consumption: “Low” (25.8%), “Moderate” (37.6%), “High” (25.3%), and “Very high” (11.3%), corresponding to <1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4 cups of coffee and/or tea per day. Patients in the “Very high” group (vs. “Low”), were more likely to be younger, smokers, with higher monthly income and education. PROs and survival outcomes were similar across the four groups.ConclusionsOver one in three survivors of BC reported high or very high consumption of coffee and/or tea. The authors found no association between higher consumption of coffee and/or tea, worse PROs and clinical outcomes.
Determinants of personal growth and life satisfaction in divorced adults
Authors: Lamela Diogo , Figueiredo Bárbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDivorce is a major life event that can trigger sudden changes in how adults perceive themselves and operate in their social environments. Some previous evidence has documented changes in personality in reaction to marital dissolution. However, little is known about the determinants of personality development in the post‐divorce period. Guided by the positive personality development model in adulthood, this study examined sociodemographic characteristics, divorce‐related variables and personality‐related indicators as determinants of life satisfaction and personal growth in divorced adults. Participants included 460 divorced adults who completed self‐reported measures regarding sociodemographic characteristics, divorce‐related variables and personality development indicators. Results showed that autonomy, environmental mastery, self‐acceptance, emotional self‐regulation indicators and motivation for personality adjustment goals were associated with post‐divorce life satisfaction. Personal growth was associated with purpose in life, self‐expansion, psychological mindedness and motivation for personality growth goals. The sociodemographic characteristics and divorce‐related variables differently predicted life satisfaction and personal growth. We discussed the implications of the positive personality development model in understanding post‐divorce personality adjustment and maturity.
Chinook salmon diversity contributes to fishery stability and trade‐offs with mixed‐stock harvest
Authors: Connors Brendan M. , Siegle Matthew R. , Harding Joel , Rossi Steven , Staton Benjamin A. , Jones Michael L. , Bradford Michael J. , Brown Randy , Bechtol Bill , Doherty Beau , Cox Sean , Sutherland Ben J. G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVariation among populations in life history and intrinsic population characteristics (i.e., population diversity) helps maintain resilience to environmental change and dampen interannual variability in ecosystem services. As a result, ecological variation, and the processes that generate it, is considered central to strategies for managing risks to ecosystems in an increasingly variable and uncertain world. However, characterizing population diversity is difficult, particularly in large and remote regions, which often prevents its formal consideration in management advice. We combined genetic stock identification of archived scale and tissue samples with state‐space run‐reconstruction models to estimate migration timing and annual return abundance for eight geographically and genetically distinct Chinook salmon populations within the Canadian portion of the Yukon River. We found that among‐population variation in migration timing and return abundances resulted in aggregate return migrations that were 2.1 times longer and 1.4 times more stable than if they had composed a single homogeneous population. We then fit state‐space spawner–recruitment models to the annual return abundances to characterize among‐population diversity in intrinsic productivity and population size and their consequences for the fisheries they support. Productivity and carrying capacity varied among populations by approximately 2.4‐fold (2.9 to 6.9 recruits per spawner) and three‐fold (8800 to 27,000 spawners), respectively. This diversity implies an equilibrium trade‐off between harvesting of the population aggregate and the conservation of individual populations whereby the harvest rate predicted to maximize aggregate harvests comes at the cost of overfishing ~40% of the populations but with a relatively low risk of extirpating the weakest ones. Our findings illustrate how population diversity in one of the largest salmon‐producing river basins in the world contributes to fishery stability and food security in a region where salmon have high cultural and subsistence value. More generally, our work demonstrates the utility of molecular analyses of archived biological material for characterizing diversity in biological systems and its benefits and consequences for trade‐offs in decision‐making.
Multi‐surveyor capture‐mark‐recapture as a powerful tool for butterfly population monitoring in the pre‐imaginal stage
Authors: Hinneberg Heiko , Döring Jörg , Hermann Gabriel , Markl Gregor , Theobald Jennifer , Aust Ines , Bamann Thomas , Bertscheit Ralf , Budach Daniela , Niedermayer Jana , Rissi Alicia , Gottschalk Thomas K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor many elusive insect species, which are difficult to cover by standard monitoring schemes, innovative survey methods are needed to gain robust data on abundance and population trends. We suggest a monitoring of overwintering larvae for the endangered nymphalid butterfly Limenitis reducta. We tested different removal and capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) approaches in a field study in the “Alb‐Donau” region, Germany. Classical removal and CMR studies require movement of the organisms under study, but in our approach, we replaced movement of the study organisms by random movement of multiple different surveyors. We tested the validity of the approach by comparing detection frequencies from our field data with simulated detections. Our results indicate that multi‐surveyor removal/CMR techniques are suitable for estimating abundance of overwintering L. reducta larvae. Depending on surveyor experience, the average detection probability ranged between 16% for novices and 35% for experts. The uncertainty of population estimates increased with a decrease in personnel expenditure. Estimated larval densities on a spruce clear‐cut varied between one and three individuals per 100 m2, probably related to habitat conditions. We suggest a CMR approach with three to four trained surveyors for the monitoring of L. reducta populations in the overwintering stage. Compared with previous sampling methods, our approach is a powerful tool with clear advantages: long survey period, estimates of the absolute population size accompanied by uncertainty measures, and estimates of overwinter mortality. The proposed method can be adapted and used for several different butterfly species, other insect taxa with specific immobile life stages, and some sessile organisms, for example, elusive plants, fungi, or corals.
Extensive sharing of chloroplast haplotypes among East Asian Cerris oaks: The imprints of shared ancestral polymorphism and introgression
Authors: Li Yao , Wang Lu , Zhang Xingwang , Kang Hongzhang , Liu Chunjiang , Mao Lingfeng , Fang Yanming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractShared ancestral polymorphism and introgression are two main causes of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype sharing among closely related angiosperms. In this study, we explored the roles of these two processes in shaping the phylogeographic patterns of East Asian Cerris oaks by examining the geographic distributions of randomly and locally distributed shared haplotypes, which coincide with the expectations of shared ancestry and introgression, respectively. We sequenced 1340 bp of non‐coding cpDNA from Quercus acutissima (n = 418) and Q. chenii (n = 183) and compiled previously published sequence data of Q. variabilis (n = 439). The phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes were examined using a median‐joining network. The geographic patterns of interspecifically shared haplotypes were assessed to test whether nearby populations have a higher degree of interspecific cpDNA sharing than distant ones. We identified a total of 27 haplotypes that were grouped into three non‐species‐specific lineages with overlapping distributions. Ancestral haplotypes were extensively shared and randomly distributed across populations of the three species. Some young haplotypes were locally shared in mountainous areas that may have been shared refugia. The local exchange of cpDNA resulted in an excess of similar haplotypes between nearby populations. Our study demonstrated that the haplotype sharing pattern among East Asian Cerris oaks reflected the imprints of both shared ancestral polymorphism and introgression. This pattern was also associated with the relatively stable climates and complex landscapes in East Asia, which not only allowed the long‐term persistence of ancestral lineages but also connected the survived populations across refugia.
Causes and consequences of variation in early‐life telomere length in a bird metapopulation
Authors: Pepke Michael Le , Kvalnes Thomas , Ranke Peter Sjolte , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Wright Jonathan , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Jensen Henrik , Ringsby Thor Harald 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental conditions during early‐life development can have lasting effects shaping individual heterogeneity in fitness and fitness‐related traits. The length of telomeres, the DNA sequences protecting chromosome ends, may be affected by early‐life conditions, and telomere length (TL) has been associated with individual performance within some wild animal populations. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms that generate variation in TL, and the relationship between TL and fitness, is important in understanding the role of telomeres in ecology and life‐history evolution. Here, we investigate how environmental conditions and morphological traits are associated with early‐life blood TL and if TL predicts natal dispersal probability or components of fitness in 2746 wild house sparrow (Passer domesticus) nestlings from two populations sampled across 20 years (1994–2013). We retrieved weather data and we monitored population fluctuations, individual survival, and reproductive output using field observations and genetic pedigrees. We found a negative effect of population density on TL, but only in one of the populations. There was a curvilinear association between TL and the maximum daily North Atlantic Oscillation index during incubation, suggesting that there are optimal weather conditions that result in the longest TL. Dispersers tended to have shorter telomeres than non‐dispersers. TL did not predict survival, but we found a tendency for individuals with short telomeres to have higher annual reproductive success. Our study showed how early‐life TL is shaped by effects of growth, weather conditions, and population density, supporting that environmental stressors negatively affect TL in wild populations. In addition, shorter telomeres may be associated with a faster pace‐of‐life, as individuals with higher dispersal rates and annual reproduction tended to have shorter early‐life TL.
Evolution of tricuspid regurgitation after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair for secondary mitral regurgitation and its impact on mortality
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Pagnesi Matteo , Ghizzoni Giulia , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Raposeiras‐Roubin Sergio , Tomasoni Daniela , Stolfo Davide , Sinagra Gianfranco , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Bedogni Francesco , De Marco Federico , Giannini Cristina , Petronio Anna Sonia , Stazzoni Laura , Benito‐González Tomás , Fernández‐Vázquez Felipe , Garrote‐Coloma Carmen , Godino Cosmo , Agricola Eustachio , Munafò Andrea , Pascual Isaac , Avanzas Pablo , Léon Victor , Montefusco Antonio , Boretto Paolo , Pidello Stefano , Moñivas‐Palomero Vanessa , Del Trigo Maria , Biagini Elena , Berardini Alessandra , Saia Francesco , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Tirado‐Conte Gabriela , De Augustin Alberto , Caneiro‐Queija Berenice , De Luca Antonio , Branca Luca , Zaccone Gregorio , Lupi Laura , Lipsic Erik , Voors Adriaan , Metra Marco 
Published: August 2022

AimTo evaluate short‐term changes in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (M‐TEER) in secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR), their predictors and impact on mortality.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective analysis of SMR patients undergoing successful M‐TEER (post‐procedural mitral regurgitation ≤2+) at 13 European centres. Among 503 patients evaluated 79 (interquartile range [IQR] 40–152) days after M‐TEER, 173 (35%) showed ≥1 degree of TR improvement, 97 (19%) had worsening of TR, and 233 (46%) remained unchanged. Smaller baseline left atrial diameter and residual mitral regurgitation 0/1+ were independent predictors of TR ≤2+ after M‐TEER. There was a significant association between TR changes and New York Heart Association class and pulmonary artery systolic pressure decrease at echocardiographic re‐assessment. At a median follow‐up of 590 (IQR 209–1103) days from short‐term echocardiographic re‐assessment, all‐cause mortality was lower in patients with improved compared to those with unchanged/worsened TR (29.6% vs. 42.3% at 3 years; log‐rank p = 0.034). Baseline TR severity was not associated with mortality, whereas TR 0/1+ and 2+ at short‐term follow‐up was associated with lower all‐cause mortality compared to TR 3/4+ (30.6% and 35.6% vs. 55.6% at 3 years; p < 0.001). A TR ≤2+ after M‐TEER was independently associated with a 42% decreased risk of mortality (p = 0.011).ConclusionMore than one third of patients with SMR undergoing successful M‐TEER experienced an improvement in TR. Pre‐procedural TR was not associated with outcome, but a TR ≤2+ at short‐term follow‐up was independently associated with long‐term mortality. Optimal M‐TEER result and a small left atrium were associated with a higher likelihood of TR ≤2+ after M‐TEER.
NaZnAlP2O8: A New KZnBP2O8‐Type Congruent‐Melting Microporous Zincoaluminophosphate Accessed by Substitution Design Strategy and Molten Salt Method
Authors: Duan Meihong , Ma Peixin , Li Chaoqian , Ma Wenhua , Wang Baichuan , Ling Jia , Li Yanbo , Li Jun , Fang Zhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new KZnBP2O8‐type open‐frame zincoaluminophosphate, NaZnAlP2O8 (NZAPO), was obtained by a substitution design strategy and synthesized by a high temperature molten salt method. The structure of NZAPO was constructed by [ZnAlP2O8]∞ tetrahedral frame and Na+ ions, which is similar to those of KZnBP2O8 (KZBPO). With the remixing of Zn and Al in the new 4×8×8 network, NZAPO was characterized by enlarged eight‐membered loops as compared with those of KZBPO, indicating the high flexibility of [ZnAlP2O8]∞ tetrahedral frame and the validity of substitution design strategy to the access of fascinating open‐frame KZBPO‐type crystals. Remarkably, NZAPO not only exhibited similar optical properties with KZBPO but also featured a fascinating congruent melting behaviour, confirming the superiority of NZAPO in the family of KZBPO‐type crystals.
Chemical Bonding in the Intermetallic Compounds LaBeGe and ThBeGe
Authors: Kohout Miroslav , Gumeniuk Roman , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe bonding situation in the intermetallic compounds LaBeGe and ThBeGe were investigated using the wavefunctions generated from the all‐electron relativistic density functional calculations. Following the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) the atomic basins were determined from the electron density and the effective charges computed. These were also compared to corresponding charges for the procrystal density. The bonding was analyzed utilizing the delocalization indices (DIs) computed from the overlap integrals over the QTAIM basins. The analysis was extended by the evaluation of the electron localizability indicator (ELI‐D) and completed by the calculation of DIs for the ELI‐D basins.
Asymmetric Cycloaddition/Annulation Reactions by Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis: Recent Advances
Authors: Woldegiorgis Alemayehu Gashaw , Suleman Muhammad , Lin Xufeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAsymmetric cycloaddition/annulation reactions have contributed greatly to the synthesis of a variety of novel cyclic compounds used in organic synthesis, natural product synthesis, material science, and chemical biology. Thus, chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition reactions have received the attention of the synthetic community to design new vital asymmetric reactions and synthesize complex molecules for the past two decades. Although several review articles on organocatalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition reactions can be found in the literature, there has been no specific review on CPA‐catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition/annulation reactions. Herein, the most recent research progress on chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric [3+2], [4+2], [2+2], [3+3], [4+3], [4+1] annulation, and 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions have been compiled and analyzed to demonstrate the importance of chiral phosphoric acid catalysis in asymmetric cycloaddition or annulation reactions.
Multicomponent Functionalization of the Octreotide Peptide Macrocyclic Scaffold
Authors: Vasco Aldrin V. , Ceballos Leonardo G. , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Rivera Daniel G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe replacement of the disulfide bridge by other types of side chain linkages has been a continuous endeavor in the development of cyclic peptide drugs with improved metabolic stability. Octreotide is a potent and selective somatostatin analog that has been used as an anticancer agent, in radiolabeled conjugates for the localization of tumors and as targeting moiety in peptide‐drug conjugates. Here, we describe an on‐resin methodology based on a multicomponent macrocyclization that enables the substitution of the disulfide bond by a tertiary lactam bridge functionalized with a variety of exocyclic moieties, including lipids, fluorophores, and charged groups. Conformational analysis in comparison with octreotide provides key information on the type of functionalization permitting the conformational mimicry of the bioactive peptide.
Extracapsular dissection by the sternocleidomastoid muscle–parotid space approach reduces the risks of postparotidectomy sialocele and salivary fistula
Authors: Lan Lin , Wang Diancan , Ma Ruohan , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative sialoceles and fistulas are frequent surgical complications of parotid tumor resection. Extracapsular dissection by the sternocleidomastoid muscle–parotid space approach (ECD‐SMPSA) is a minimally invasive technique. To our knowledge, the characteristics of sialoceles and fistulas secondary to ECD‐SMPSA have not been reported.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 52 patients who underwent ECD‐SMPSA without sialocele/fistula prevention measures. Postoperative sialoceles and fistulas were evaluated during 2 months of follow‐up.ResultsAmong the 52 patients, only one male patient developed a mild sialocele. No salivary fistulas occurred. The overall rate of sialocele/fistula formation was 1.92%.ConclusionsWhen treating clinically benign tumors that involve the sternocleidomastoid muscle–parotid space, ECD‐SMPSA may prevent postoperative formation of sialoceles and salivary fistulas.