bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching Africa and the offshore world
Authors: Soares De Oliveira Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTOne of the key features of today's global economy is an ‘offshore world’ of financial structures, institutions and techniques designed to provide secrecy, asset protection and tax exemption. While its worldwide impact is very significant, Africa is affected to an unusual extent by the strategies of tax avoidance/evasion, outward financial flows (both legal and illegal) and corruption enabled by the offshore world. This is corroborated by a number of quantitative studies of capital flight as well as by influential investigations such as the Pandora Papers, Panama Papers and Luanda Leaks. The offshore world's limited presence in the study of contemporary African politics, political economy and international relations is therefore striking. The purpose of this exploratory paper is to highlight this gap, provide a preliminary analysis, and suggest that the politics of African insertion in the global offshore economy merits more attention from scholars of African politics.
Barriers and facilitators to multidimensional symptom management in palliative care: A focus group study among patient representatives and clinicians
Authors: van der Stap Lotte , de Heij Albert H. , van der Heide Agnes , Reyners Anna K.L. , van der Linden Yvette M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesIt is widely acknowledged that co-occurring symptoms in patients with a psychosocial and spiritual aspects should also be considered. However, this multidimensional approach is difficult to integrate into daily practice, especially for generalist clinicians not specialized in palliative care. We aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to multidimensional symptom management.MethodsFocus group meetings were conducted with the following stakeholders: (1) patient representatives, (2) generalist community nurses, (3) generalist hospital nurses, (4) general practitioners, (5) generalist hospital physicians, and (6) palliative care specialists. Audiotapes were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.ResultsFifty-one participants (6–12 per group) reported barriers and facilitators with 3 main themes: multidimensional symptom assessment, initiating management of nonphysical problems, and multidisciplinary collaboration. As barriers, generalist clinicians and palliative care specialists reported that generalist clinicians often lack the communication skills to address nonphysical problems and are unaware of available resources for multidimensional symptom management. Palliative care specialists felt that generalist clinicians may be unaware that assessing nonphysical problems is important and focus on pharmacological interventions. Generalist nurses and palliative care specialists indicated that hierarchical difficulties between them and generalist physicians are barriers to multidisciplinary collaboration. Reported facilitators included using symptom assessment scales and standardized questions on nonphysical problems.Significance of resultsGeneralist clinicians can be supported by improving their communication skills, increasing their awareness of available resources for multidimensional symptom management, and by using a standardized approach to assess all 4 dimensions of palliative care.
Swords, sandals, and toasted panini: delivering cine-antiquity to sixth form students
Authors: Bragg Edward 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTeachers of Classics in sixth form colleges and secondary schools regularly provide extra-curricular activities alongside their bread-and-butter classes in Latin, Classical Civilisation, Ancient History, and Greek. With the on-going squeeze on the provision of these four classical subjects, it is inevitable that teachers of Classics look to other areas within their schools and colleges both to maintain and to promote the face of Classics. The purpose of this paper is to explain the delivery and the thinking behind a weekly extra-curricular activity called ‘Classics on Film’ that was set up at Peter Symonds College in 2018 and which has now continued for four years. This activity encompasses cine-antiquity; in other words, a class that focuses on films depicting the ancient world. By breaking down this project and some of its results, this paper aims to give teachers of Classics and others awareness of the methods, resources, and challenges when delivering an extra-curricular activity on cine-antiquity. Furthermore, it aims to provide a model that other teachers might adapt or use as a springboard for their own bespoke cine-antiquity activity.1
Seed germination responses of broomrape species (Phelipanche ramosa and Phelipanche aegyptiaca) to various sanitation chemicals
Authors: Hosseini Pershang , Osipitan O. Adewale , Mesgaran Mohsen B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBranched broomrape, an obligate root parasitic weed, has recently re-emerged in tomato fields in several California counties. California produces more tomato than any other state, and the outbreak of this noxious weed could potentially wreak havoc on the industry’s economy. Preventive measures must be taken to stop or reduce the spread of branched broomrape seeds to other areas. Branched broomrape can produce thousands of tiny seeds, which can easily spread with farm machinery over short and long distances. To prevent branched broomrape seed dispersal, sanitation and disinfection of farm equipment are necessary before entering a new farm. We tested the effectiveness of various ammonium compounds, including didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBC), didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), ammonium bromide (AB), and ammonium chloride (AC) on prevention of branched broomrape seed germination. Dose-response analysis showed that three chemical products, ADBC, DDAB, and DDAC, could completely inhibit branched broomrape seeds (potentially making them nonviable) at 1%, 1%, and 10% wt/vol concentrations, respectively. These three compounds were further tested in an exposure duration experiment that additionally included Egyptian broomrape. Only 10 min of exposure to these compounds was needed to prevent germination of both branched and Egyptian broomrape seeds at 1% (ADBC, DDAB) and 10% wt/vol (DDAC). Lower concentrations can provide similar inhibition effects when combined with longer exposure times. Egyptian broomrape seeds were more sensitive than branched broomrape seeds. Findings suggest that quaternary ammonium compounds could be used as potential sanitation agents to disinfect agriculture machinery from branched and Egyptian broomrape seeds.
Quantifying Sub‐Meter Surface Heterogeneity on Mars Using Off‐Axis Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Data
Authors: McKeeby B. E. , Ramsey M. S. , Tai Udovicic C. J. , Haberle C. , Edwards C. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurface heterogeneities below the spatial resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) instruments result in anisothermality and can produce emissivity spectra with negative slopes toward longer wavelengths. Sloped spectra arise from an incorrect assumption of either a uniform surface temperature or a maximum emissivity during the temperature‐emissivity separation of radiance data. Surface roughness and lateral mixing of different sub‐pixel surface units result in distinct spectral slopes with magnitudes proportional to the degree of temperature mixing. Routine Off‐nadir Targeted Observations (ROTO) of the Thermal Emission Imaging Spectrometer (THEMIS) are used here for the first time to investigate anisothermality below the spatial resolution of THEMIS. The southern flank of Apollinaris Mons and regions within the Medusae Fossae Formation are studied using THEMIS ROTO data acquired just after local sunset. We observe a range of sloped TIR emission spectra dependent on the magnitude of temperature differences within a THEMIS pixel. Spectral slopes and wavelength‐dependent brightness temperature differences are forward‐modeled for a series of two‐component surfaces of varying thermal inertia values. Our results imply that differing relative proportions of rocky and unconsolidated surface units are observed at each ROTO viewing geometry and suggest a local rock abundance six times greater than published results that rely on nadir data. High‐resolution visible images of these regions indicate a mixture of surface units from boulders to dunes, providing credence to the model.
Rapidly Changing Emissions Drove Substantial Surface and Tropospheric Ozone Increases Over Southeast Asia
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Fu Tzung‐May , Zhang Lin , Lu Xiao , Liu Xiong , Amnuaylojaroen Teerachai , Latif Mohd Talib , Ma Yaping , Zhang Lijuan , Feng Xu , Zhu Lei , Shen Huizhong , Yang Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe combined observations and simulations to assess tropospheric ozone trends over Southeast Asia from 2005 to 2016. Multi‐platform observations showed that surface ozone had been increasing at rates of 0.7–1.2 ppb year−1 over the Peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA) and 0.2–0.4 ppb year−1 over the Maritime Continents (MC); tropospheric ozone columns had been rising throughout Southeast Asia by 0.21–0.35 DU year−1. These observed ozone trends were better reproduced by simulations driven with satellite‐constrained NOx emissions, indicating that NOx emission growths may have been underestimated for the PSEA and overestimated for the MC in the Community Emissions Data System and the Global Fire Emissions Data set. The surface ozone increases over the PSEA were driven by rapidly growing local emissions, wherein fire emission growths may still be underestimated even with satellite constraints. We highlighted the need for better quantifying Southeast Asian emissions to benefit air quality management.
Inconsistent Frequency Trends Between Hourly and Daily Precipitation During Warm Season in Mainland of China
Authors: Lei Miao , Li Jiming , Zhang Lijie , Deng Cong , Li Yarong , He Jianjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrecipitation change is determined by changes in frequency and intensity. Based on hourly and daily precipitation data sets in China (1961–2014) and CMIP6 model, this study found that observed inconsistency in the frequency trend at the two time resolutions (hourly and daily) reflected precipitation becoming more concentrated at 13.4% of stations, resulting in the specific precipitation phenomenon of “more hours in one day, but fewer days.” However, models exhibited opposite precipitation phenomenon at 16.5% of stations and cannot reproduce the widespread increase in the proportion of extreme precipitation amounts (PA) in the total PA, especially at an hourly resolution. Although stations with significant trend from CMIP6 approximately twice the observation, both CMIP6 and observations showed that frequency and intensity changes dominated the total PA trend at hourly and daily time resolutions, respectively. These results demonstrated that daily precipitation observations could not fully capture the important features of short‐duration rainfall.
Ionospheric Oxygen Outflows Directly Injected Into the Inner Magnetosphere: Van Allen Probes Statistics
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Zong Q.‐G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIonospheric oxygen outflows (IOOs) are frequently observed in Earth's inner magnetosphere. As a potential fast mass source of the inner magnetosphere, they have been extensively studied for decades. In this study, we identified 271 IOO events from 6‐year Van Allen Probes (VAPs) data and conducted a statistical study to reveal when, where, and how they occur. All the events are observed in the nightside magnetosphere, with the occurrence rate peaking at the L‐shells corresponding to the auroral oval. The spatial scale of IOOs in the equatorial plane is estimated from the two‐spacecraft configuration of the VAP mission. The results show that, in statistics, IOOs are 3.9‐hr wide in magnetic local time and 1.0‐Earth radius wide in L‐shell. Further investigation shows that IOOs would shift to lower L‐shells and occupy a larger L‐shell extent as the AE index increases. Analysis of the environment conditions reveals that IOOs are statistically associated with AE‐index enhancements, ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) waves, and magnetic field dipolarization, but not with any systematic variations in the SYM‐H index and the solar wind parameters. From this observation, we suggest that geomagnetic substorms and substorm‐associated processes (e.g., ULF waves) are potential triggers of inner‐magnetosphere IOOs.
Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic Stratospheric Climates in Chemistry Versus No‐Chemistry Climate Models
Authors: Morgenstern Olaf , Kinnison Douglas E. , Mills Michael , Michou Martine , Horowitz Larry W. , Lin Pu , Deushi Makoto , Yoshida Kohei , O’Connor Fiona M. , Tang Yongming , Abraham N. Luke , Keeble James , Dennison Fraser , Rozanov Eugene , Egorova Tatiana , Sukhodolov Timofei , Zeng Guang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing nine chemistry‐climate and eight associated no‐chemistry models, we investigate the persistence and timing of cold episodes occurring in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere during the period 1980–2014. We find systematic differences in behavior between members of these model pairs. In a first group of chemistry models whose dynamical configurations mirror their no‐chemistry counterparts, we find an increased persistence of such cold polar vortices, such that these cold episodes often start earlier and last longer, relative to the times of occurrence of the lowest temperatures. Also the date of occurrence of the lowest temperatures, both in the Arctic and the Antarctic, is often delayed by 1–3 weeks in chemistry models, versus their no‐chemistry counterparts. This behavior exacerbates a widespread problem occurring in most or all models, a delayed occurrence, in the median, of the most anomalously cold day during such cold winters. In a second group of model pairs there are differences beyond just ozone chemistry. In particular, here the chemistry models feature more levels in the stratosphere, a raised model top, and differences in non‐orographic gravity wave drag versus their no‐chemistry counterparts. Such additional dynamical differences can completely mask the above influence of ozone chemistry. The results point toward a need to retune chemistry‐climate models versus their no‐chemistry counterparts.
Early Mesozoic Anatexis‐Induced Strain Partitioning and Gneiss Doming in the Yunkai Massif, South China: A Response to Contrasted Dynamics of Paleo‐Pacific and Paleo‐Tethys Subductions?
Authors: Cochelin Bryan , Wang Bo , Liu Jiashuo , Lu Shenghua , Shu Liangshu , Gumiaux Charles , Chen Yan , Song Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to decipher the structural impact of late anatexis in the core of polycyclic basements, like the Cathaysia Block (South China). Based on field mapping and detailed structural and kinematic analyses in the southern part of the Yunkai massif, we document anatexis‐induced strain partitioning and gneiss dome formation. The exhumation of migmatites within gneiss domes occurred in a context of NE‐SW regional extension coupled with syn‐anatexis (a) horizontal lateral flow and vertical one in their cores, (b) strike‐slip dominated flow at the limbs of domes, and (c) constrictive lateral flow at the external parts. Petrographic and microstructural analyses suggest that the cores of the gneiss domes and plutons recorded magmatic to sub‐solidus deformation while strain localization at the top of gneiss domes is characterized by retrogressive shearing. Zircons U‐Pb dating of diatexites and late‐kinematic plutons give coherent crystallization ages of ca. 240 Ma, suggesting that the regional partial melting and gneiss doming occurred in the Triassic and probably as early as Late Permian, rather than during the Early Paleozoic as previously thought. A regional NE‐SW lateral flow in the deep crust is fully compatible with NW‐SE horizontal shortening, as also exemplified for Late Permian to Middle Triassic times in the whole Cathaysia and the Xuefengshan belt. Therefore, the Yunkai massif should no longer be considered as belonging to the Indosinian belt, instead, orogen‐parallel crustal flow in the Yunkai massif looks rather controlled by the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific plate at the eastern margin of the South China Block.
Intraprocedural cortisol testing improves adrenal vein cannulation success and diagnostic accuracy in assessment of primary aldosteronism, in a medium throughput centre
Authors: Umapathysivam Mahesh M. , Morgan Bethany , Bischoff Carmen , Hayes Annabelle , Wilks Michael , Stowasser Michael , Torpy David J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Identifying individuals who have unilateral secretion from aldosterone secreting adenomas allows adrenalectomy. Surgical treatment when feasible may be superior to medical management with improved cardiovascular outcomes and reduced medication dependence. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is required to biochemically lateralise aldosterone secretion prior to adrenalectomy. However, diagnostic success of AVS is variable and can be poor even at tertiary centres; failure is largely due to unsuccessful adrenal vein cannulation. Intra-procedural rapid semiquantitative cortisol testing (RCT) identifies correct catheter placement in real time. We compared diagnostic success rates of AVS before and after the introduction of intraprocedural cortisol testing at the Royal Adelaide Hospital—a medium throughput tertiary centre (average 6.2 procedures a year over the last 8 years). We observed an increase in success rate from 63% to 94%. Intraprocedural cortisol testing also led to a net financial saving of ~$100 AUD per procedure. RCT is likely to be cost effective if pre-RCT success rate is less than 78%. Procedure time and number of samples collected, however, were increased with RCT. This suggests that intraprocedural cortisol testing will improve success in low to medium throughput centres and may make AVS feasible in less specialised centres.
Psychosis spectrum illnesses as disorders of prefrontal critical period plasticity
Authors: Vinogradov Sophia , Chafee Matthew V. , Lee Erik , Morishita Hirofumi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmerging research on neuroplasticity processes in psychosis spectrum illnesses—from the synaptic to the macrocircuit levels—fill key gaps in our models of pathophysiology and open up important treatment considerations. In this selective narrative review, we focus on three themes, emphasizing alterations in spike-timing dependent and Hebbian plasticity that occur during adolescence, the critical period for prefrontal system development: (1) Experience-dependent dysplasticity in psychosis emerges from activity decorrelation within neuronal ensembles. (2) Plasticity processes operate bidirectionally: deleterious environmental and experiential inputs shape microcircuits. (3) Dysregulated plasticity processes interact across levels of scale and time and include compensatory mechanisms that have pathogenic importance. We present evidence that—given the centrality of progressive dysplastic changes, especially in prefrontal cortex—pharmacologic or neuromodulatory interventions will need to be supplemented by corrective learning experiences for the brain if we are to help people living with these illnesses to fully thrive.
ACE2 deficiency exacerbates obesity-related glomerulopathy through its role in regulating lipid metabolism
Authors: Chen Yin-Yin , Hong Han , Lei Yu-Ting , Zou Jia , Yang Yi-Ya , He Li-Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObesity-related glomerulopathy is a secondary glomerular disease and its incidence has been increased globally in parallel with the obesity epidemic. ORG emerged as a growing cause of end-stage renal disease in recent years. Unbalanced production of adipokines at the adipose tissue as well as low-grade inflammatory processes play central roles in ORG progression. ORG mouse model with ACE2-knockout was generated and kidney injury was evaluated by biochemistry and histological staining assays. Protein and mRNA expressions were quantified by ELISA, western blot or qRT-PCR methods. ACE2 deficiency aggravated ORG-related renal injuries and stimulated both lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses. Further, Nrf2 pathway was deactivated upon ACE2-knockout. By contrast, ACE2 overexpression reactivated Nrf2 pathway and ameliorated ORG symptoms by decreasing fat deposition and reducing inflammatory responses. Our data demonstrated that ACE2 exerted the beneficial effects by acting through Nrf2 signaling pathway, suggesting the protective role of ACE2 against lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in ORG pathogenesis.
Data-augmentation for graph neural network learning of the relaxed energies of unrelaxed structures
Authors: Gibson Jason , Hire Ajinkya , Hennig Richard G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComputational materials discovery has grown in utility over the past decade due to advances in computing power and crystal structure prediction algorithms (CSPA). However, the computational cost of the ab initio calculations required by CSPA limits its utility to small unit cells, reducing the compositional and structural space the algorithms can explore. Past studies have bypassed unneeded ab initio calculations by utilizing machine learning to predict the stability of a material. Specifically, graph neural networks trained on large datasets of relaxed structures display high fidelity in predicting formation energy. Unfortunately, the geometries of structures produced by CSPA deviate from the relaxed state, which leads to poor predictions, hindering the model’s ability to filter unstable material. To remedy this behavior, we propose a simple, physically motivated, computationally efficient perturbation technique that augments training data, improving predictions on unrelaxed structures by 66%. Finally, we show how this error reduction can accelerate CSPA.
The role of CPT1A as a biomarker of breast cancer progression: a bioinformatic approach
Authors: Das Mitali , Giannoudis Athina , Sharma Vijay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the commonest malignancy of women and with its incidence on the rise, the need to identify new targets for treatment is imperative. There is a growing interest in the role of lipid metabolism in cancer. Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1 (CPT-1); the rate limiting step in fatty acid oxidation, has been shown to be overexpressed in a range of tumours. There are three isoforms of CPT-1; A, B and C. It is CPT-1A that has been shown to be the predominant isoform which is overexpressed in breast cancer. We performed a bioinformatic analysis using readily available online platforms to establish the prognostic and predictive effects related to CPT-1A expression. These include the KM plotter, the Human Protein Atlas, the cBioPortal, the G2O, the MethSurvand the ROC plotter. A Network analysis was performed using the Oncomine platform and signalling pathways constituting the cancer hallmarks, including immune regulation as utilised by NanoString. The epigenetic pathways were obtained from the EpiFactor website. Spearman correlations (r) to determine the relationship between CPT-1A and the immune response were obtained using the TISIDB portal. Overexpression of CPT-1A largely confers a worse prognosis and CPT-1A progressively recruits a range of pathways as breast cancer progresses. CPT-1A’s interactions with cancer pathways is far wider than previously realised and includes associations with epigenetic regulation and immune evasion pathways, as well as wild-type moderate to high penetrant genes involved in hereditary breast cancer. Although CPT-1A genomic alterations are detected in 9% of breast carcinomas, both the alteration and the metagene associated with it, confers a poor prognosis. CPT-1A expression can be utilised as a biomarker of disease progression and as a potential therapeutic target.