bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Green Cloverworms in Soybeans at Tallassee, Ala., 1987
Authors: fiuckelew L. D. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on soybeans planted at the : Auburn University plant breeding unit. Seven treatments and an untreated control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.011-acre plot was 4 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Plots were separated by a 2-row mowed alley, and replicates were separated by a 25- ft mowed alley. Treatments were applied on 24 Aug using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with 3 TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Green cloverworm larvae were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating both rows. Two samples from each plot were taken prior to treatment application and at 3 and 7 days posttreatment (27 and 31 Aug).
Evaluation of Insecticides for Insect Control in Alabama Soybeans, 1987
Authors: Buckelew L. D. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled soybeans grown in a Vaiden soil at the Marion Junction Substation of Auburn University. Six treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.011-acre plot was 4 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Plots were separated by a 2-row mowed alley; replicates were separated by a 25-ft mowed alley. Treatments were applied on 11 Sep using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with 3 TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between : the rows and beating only 1 row. Numbers of green cloverworm, velvetbean caterpillar, and unidentifiable neonate larvae were counted and recorded. Two samples from each plot were taken prior to treatment application and at 3 and 7 days posttreatment (14 and 18 Sep).
Velvetbean Caterpillar Control in Soybean, 1986
Authors: Funderburk J. E. , Brown A. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located in Gadsden County, Fla., and planted on 4 Jun. Plot size was 8 rows × 15 m with a 76-cm row spacing. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 3 Sep. All treatments were made with 2-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer. The sprayer was equipped with three D3 nozzles/row. The chemicals were applied at 36 psi, with a spray volume 25 gal/acre. Efficacy data were taken by taking 25 sweeps with a 38-cm-diam sweep net on 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment. A different row was sampled in each plot on each sample date.
Velvetbean Caterpillar Control in Soybean, 1987
Authors: Funderburk Joe , Brown Andrew , Maruniak Jim , Boucias Drion 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located in Gadsden County, Fla., and planted 12 Jun. Plot size was 6 rows × 15 m with a 76-cm row spacing. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 4 replications. All treatments were applied 4 Sep, except for a treatment of the velvetbean caterpillar (VBC) plaque-purified nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AgNPV), which was applied 28 Aug. All treatments were made with a 2-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three D3 nozzles/row. The chemicals were applied at 36 psi, with a spray volume of 25 gal/acre. Efficacy data were made by taking 25 sweeps/plot with a 38-cm-diam sweep net on each of 5 dates.. The 2 center rows of each plot were not sampled, and yield estimates were made by harvesting 12 m of these rows on 2 Oct.
Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm Control in Soybeans, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Essex' soybean was planted on 20 May in 30-inch rows in a commercial field near Royal Oak, Talbot County, Md. Plots were 10 × 15 ft, replicated 3 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. At the time of treatment on 27 Aug the plants were in the pod fill stage. Sprays were applied by CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliber 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Earworms and cloverworms were sampled by counting the number of larvae/3, six-ft samples of row/plot taken at random. Posttreatment samples were taken on 30 Aug.
Tobacco Budworm Control in Tobacco Seed Nurseries, 1987
Authors: Michael Jackson D. , Gwynn G. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were tested for control of tobacco budworm larvae in flue-cured tobacco seed nurseries. Tobacco was transplanted on 1 Jun into a field of Helena sandy loam that had been treated on 6 May witli isopropalin (Paarlan, 1.68 kg[AI]/ha) and metalaxyl (Ridomil 2E, 0.56 kg[AI]/ha) for weed and disease control. Diphenamid (Enide 90W, 4.48 kg[AI]/ha) was applied on 26 Jun to extend weed control. Plants were placed on 56-cm centers with 1.2 m between rows. Three experiments were conducted. Plots of 3 plants each were set up in randomized complete block designs with 5 (Experiments 1 and 2) or 3 (Experiment 3) replicates. Plants were infested with 10 3- day-old tobacco budworm larvae (Experiments 1 and 2) or 10 3-day-old tobacco budworm larvae plus 20 tobacco budworm eggs (Experiment 3, except for 1 untreated check with eggs only and 1 untreated check with larvae only) from laboratory colonies on 7, 19, and 24 Aug for experiments 1-3, respectively.
Control of Tobacco Budworm with Bacilws Thuring1Ens1S and Acephate Alone and with Entice, 1987
Authors: Lampert E. P. , Stephenson A. S. , Southern P. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 6 May, flue-cured tobacco was planted into a field of Norfolk loamy sand at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, N.C. All plants were cut off at 6-8 inches above the soil (6 leaves) on 15 Jul. Suckers grew from the leaf axils of the remaining leaves and on 11 Aug all but 1 healthy sucker/plant were removed. Two tests were laid out in a randomized complete-block design of 8 treatments and 3 replicates (Test 1) and 9 treatments and 4 replicates (Test 2). Plots were single rows (45 inches on center) 30 ft long (15 plants), and separated by a single untreated row. On 24 Aug, 6-10 uniformly sized undamaged plants containing a single small larva (&lt;3rd instar) in each plot were selected and tagged for Test 1. For Test 2, 10-15 plants were selected and tagged on 26 Aug. Treatments were applied using a C02-pressurized sprayer at 60 psi and 25 gal/acre through a single Spraying Systems D2-33 full-cone nozzle/row. Granular materials were applied in a 12-inch band with a Nobel granular applicator or by gloved hand as a pinch (1 gram/plant). The treatments were applied on 26 and 28 Aug (Test 1 and Test 2, respectively). Three and 9 days (Test 1) or 4 and 11 days (Test 2) after treatment, the tagged plants were examined for surviving budworm larvae, and the proportion of surviving larvae was calculated.. Budworm damage ratings (0-4) were made 9 days (Test 1) and 11 days (Test 2) after treatment. The proportion of larvae surviving was transformed to arcsin Vprop prior to ANOVA and Waller-Duncan K-ratio f-tests (K = 100, a = 0.05). Means of the untransformed data are presented.
Systemic Insecticides for the Control of Insect Pests on Dark-Fired Tobacco, 1987
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental 3-row plots, 40 ft long on 4-ft centers, were established on a Wedowee sandy loam soil at the Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, Va. Dark-fired tobacco was transplanted into the beds on 18 May. Preplant broadcast treatments were applied and incorporated by double disking and bedded up on 15 May. The ambient temperature during the application period was 66-76°F and the soil temperature was 67-80°F. Granular formulations were applied with a Gandy applicator mounted on a push cart. Liquid formulations were applied with a C02-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 26 gal/acre through 8002LP tips at 25 psi. Temik 15G was applied in 12-inch bands over the top of the bed with a Gandy applicator using a single bander/row after bedding and incorporated by tilling. Rainfall totals were 0.34, 1.20, and 1.95 inches for May, June, and July, respectively. The test was irrigated with 1.3, 1.0, and 1.5 inches on 1, 21, and 31 Jul, respectively. Insect counts were made at 1- to 2-wk intervals from early June to early August. Ten plants/plot were examined for tobacco flea beetles, flea bettle feeding holes on the most damaged leaf, and green peach aphids between the 4th and 6th lateral veins on the right side of 4 upper leaves. Aphid counts were transformed to log10 (X + 1) before analysis, but actual untransformed means were presented in the table. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significant means were separated by Waller-Duncan K-ratio i-test (P = 0.05, K = 100).
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticides Applied Alone and in Combination, 1987
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the regrowth of tobacco that had been cut back on 23 Jul. The tobacco had originally been transplanted on 12 May. Experimental 3-row plots were 40 ft long on 4-ft centers. Nine treatments were replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied on 11 Sept using a C02-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 20 gal of finished spray/acre through 3 TX-8 tips/row. On 10 Sep aphid numbers on the upper 4 leaves and a middle leaf on 10 plants/plot were rated on a scale of 0-5: 0, no aphids, to 5, high aphid infestation levels. At 3 and 13 days after application aphids were counted between the 4th and 6th veins on the underside on the right side of 4 upper leaves on 10/plants plot. Data were transformed to log10(X + 1) and analyzed by ANOVA. Significant means (P = 0.05) were separated by DMRT. Untransformed means are presented in the table.
Control of Thrips on Anthurium, Hawaii, 1987
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted at the Waiakea Experiment Station in Hilo, Hawaii, on plants growing in volcanic cinder under 80% polypropylene net shade. Experimental plots measured 6 × 6 ft with 36 plants/plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Nine biweekly applications of selected insecticides were applied beginning 12 May. Insecticides were applied every 2 wk using a compressed-air sprayer with an 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. Talstar 10WP, Tempo 2EC, and Dursban 50W were applied as foliar sprays (250 gal/acre). Vydate L was applied as a drench (500 gal/acre) using the same equipment without a nozzle. The spreader sticker Triton B-1956 was added to all treatments including the check plants at a rate of 3 fl oz/100 gal. Mature flowers were harvested and observed for thrips injury characterized by distinct bleached streaks on the front and underside of the spathe.
Cutworm Control with Entomogenous Nematodes in Hybrid Bermudagrass, 1987
Authors: Ali A. D. , Garcia J. M. , Georgis R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on a so, farm in Thermal, Calif. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual plot size was 50 sq ft. Two species of entomogenouj nematodes were studied. The first was Neoaplectana carpocapsae (= Steinernema feltiae) the All #25 strain, and the second was Heterorhabditis sp. the Hp88 strain. Nematode solutions were applied with a Solo knapsack sprayer using a hollow-cone nozzle at 32 psi and a spray rate of 4 gal/1000 sq ft. Cutworif larval density was estimated by flooding 2 randomly selected areas of 1 sq yd/plot. After 2-3 min the cutworms emerged to the surface and were countedf Pretreatment larval counts were taken on 28 Aug, after which treatments were applied. There was an average of 0.75 larvae/sq yd pretreatment. Posttreatmenf counts were taken on 1 Sep. Soil texture was sandy loam. Water was pH 7.2. Thatch was negligible (Vw inch). Average temperature during the study wai 95°F. The plots were irrigated daily with 0.1 inch of water during the study.
Fall Control of Oriental Beetle Grubs with Granular Insecticides and Entomogenous Nematodes on a Golf Course, 1987
Authors: Villani M. G. , Wright R. J. , Consolie F. , Preston-Wilsey L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides and 1 species of entomogenous nematode were applied to a rough at Fresh Meadow Country Club, Great Neck. Long Island, N.Y., on 12 Aug for control of Oriental beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (35%), annual bluegrass (45%), and braoadleaf weeds (20%). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 × 10 ft. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. At treatment time (12 Aug) the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 84°F; soil temperature, 68°F (1 inch), 67°F (3 inches); soil pH 5.1; water pH 6.65; soil moisture, 23.8%; soil texture, 11.1% coarse sand, 50.9% medium sand, 23.3% fine sand, 8.1% very fine sand, and 5.7% silt and clay; thatch, minimal. Following treatment, the plots received 0.5 inches of irrigation by sprinkler. The nematodes, Heterorhabditis sp. (strain HP 88), were applied on 20 Aug at a rate of 5 billion/acre in 5 liters of water through a sprinkling can to the center 4 sq ft of each plot. The nematode application site was immediately watered in by hand for a total of 11.4 liters. Posttreatment counts were taken on 21 Sep by cutting a 1- × 3-ft strip lengthwise through the middle of each plot by hand and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. A 3-sq-ft sample of sod was examined in each plot, and the surviving grubs were counted. Grub species identifications were made in the field. At this time Oriental beetle grubs were 80% third instars and 20% second instars.
Fungus Gnat Control in Greenhouse-Grown Pot Chrysanthemums, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Harris M. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings were planted 2/8-inch pot in Metromix 500 media. Dragon Dried Blood (12-0-0) was sprinkled on the surface of the medium weekly to attract adult oviposition. Granular treatments were made once on 9 Oct and watered in; drench treatments were applied on 9 and 16 Oct in a volume of 250 ml/pot. Pre- and posttreatment evaluations were made at 7-day intervals by removing 2- to 7-cc medium samples from each of 3 replicate pots/treatment and extracting larval and pupal stages by flotation in a saturated sodium chloride solution. The results of each week were used as covariates for the following week.
Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae by Incorporation of Insecticides Into Potting Mix, 1986
Authors: Hanula James L. , Moore Robert E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dursban and Kryocide were incorporated into 0.038 m3 of potting mix (1:1:1 peat, composted hardwood bark, and sand) by slowly adding the insecticides to the soil during 30 min of mixing in a cement mixer. Kryocide was added as a dry powder and Dursban 4E was added as a spray. One-gallon pots filled with mix were seeded with r&gt;2% perennial ryegrass, 19% Kentucky bluegrass, and 17% red fescue on 13 Aug. A day later, 10 first-instar Japanese beetle grubs were placed 5 cm below the soil surface of each pot. Ten replicates of each treatment were maintained in a greenhouse beneath a cloth shade. Treatment efficacy was evaluated 26 Nov.
Control of Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course, 1985
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Salvaggio R. S. , Grove J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a golf course fairway near Crofton, Anne Arundel County, Md. The turf had been badly damaged by the heavy infestation of grubs at the time of treatment on 28 Aug. Plots were 6 × 6 ftjji arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 4 times. All granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker can, exce~ Spectracide, which was applied with a Scott's drop spreader. Liquid formulations were applied with a 2-gal sprinkling can. All applications were made in 2- directions across each plot. Treatments were watered into the thatch with 0.5 inches water with the golf course irrigation system. The number of dead grubson the surface of the plots was counted on 29 Aug. All plots were treated with Sevin at 6 lb (AI)/acre on 16 Sep. Counts from this treatment were made on 17 Sep.
Taxus, Chemical Control of Black Vine Weevil Larvae in Field-Grown Plants, Lake County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A heavily infested block of yews 30—40 cm wide, growing in well-drained old Lake Erie sandy soil was chosen for evaluating insecticides for efficacy against black vine weevil larvae infesting field plants. Wettable powder and liquid formulations were applied with a watering can, using 1.9 liters of finished material/microplot (61 × 305 cm) containing at least 3 taxus plants. Granular products were applied salt-shaker fashion from modified, plastic-capped glass vials and then watered in with 1.9 liters of water/microplot. The entire treatment area was cultivated immediately prior to and following application. One group of microplots was treated 28 Aug 1984, another 25 Sep 1984, and a third group on both dates. On 28 Aug conditions were cloudy (light rain), 21°C, without breeze; on 25 Sep the sky was cloudy (light rain), 21°C, with a 3-8 km/h breeze. Each treatment was replicated 3 times on each application date. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated in April and May 1985 by counting the number of living larvae within 20- × 20- × 20-cm root balls of 3 plants from the middle of each microplot. Root balls were placed over large plastic trays with shallow sides and shaken vigorously until all soil was dislodged.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite on Verbena, 1987
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Gladin Jodie , Price Richard , Ann Schwartz Mary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse-grown verbena, 6-8 inches high, planted in 4-inch pots, were artificially infested with twospotted spider mites. The plants were evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plants were sprayed until runoff with a Gilmore all-purpose hand sprayer, and a surfactant (Triton B 1956 at 3Mi oz/100 gal) was added to each treatment. Applications were made on 30 May and 6 Jun. Spider mite infestations were evaluated at 3, 7, and 14 days after initial treatment. The 7 DAT counts were made just prior to the 2nd treatment. Infestations were determined by examining 4 leaves/plant and counting the number of live spider mites on the lower surface of the leaves.
Balsam Woolly Adelgid Control, 1986
Authors: Kard Bradford M. R. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted in July and August to compare the efficacy of 2 insecticide treatments for Balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) control. A Fraser fir Christmas tree plantation near Cullowhee in Jackson County, N.C., was selected as the study site. Using a 2.5-gal hand-pressurized portable sprayer, each insecticide treatment was replicated 6 times (1 tree/replicate) by spraying the entire main stem of 6- to 7- ft-tall fir trees until runoff. Four control trees received water sprays only. Pretreatment counts were taken on 3 Jul by removing 2 circular disks of bark from the bole of each tree using a no. 8 cork borer. Disks were taken from the most heavily infested bark areas. In the same manner, posttreatment counts were taken at 2 and 6 wk after treatment. All BWA life stages (both living and dead) were counted/disk, and mean live posttreatment population densities and % live BWA density changes were determined.
Evaluation of BT-Pyrenone Against Gypsy Moth Larvae on Red Oak, Wooster, Ohio, 1986
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. , Purrington F. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Containerized 1-0 red oak seedlings were sprayed to run-off with experimental treatments using a COa compression sprayer with a SS-8004 flat-fan nozzle at 20 psi on 16 Jul. Four hours later, 5 second- and 5 fourth-instar gypsy moths were placed on each of 3 single-plant replicates/treatment. Larvae were constrained by securing a 1 gal Fonda carton around the seedling in each container. The top of the carton was replaced with nylon organdy for ventilation. Larvae and foliage were observed daily until 19 Jul when mortality counts were first recorded.
Evaluation of the Residual Life of Fenoxycarb on Various Surface Types, 1987
Authors: Reid B. L. , Bennett G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Comparative tests were initiated to determine the efficacy and residual life of the juvenoid fenoxycarb (25.2% emusifiable concentrate) against the German cockroach when applied to a variety of surfaces. The surfaces evaluated in this test were tempered masonite hardboard, latex-painted (4 coats) plywood, vinyl floor tile, 1%-inch-thick concrete block, and unpolished stainless steel. Spray dilutions of 0.187% fenoxycarb were applied to 4- × 4-inch (103 cm2) panels of each surface at the rate of 1 gal/1000 sq ft (0.42 ml/103 cm2) using a mechanized spray tower apparatus equipped with a stainless steel nozzle tip, Spraying Systems Tee-Jet 8001E, at a constant pressure of 25 psi. After treatment, panels were placed into vertical storage compartments for residual aging. Aging periods evaluated were 1 day; 1 wk; and 1, 2, 3, 4.5, and 6 mo. The test insects were reared in 7- × 5- × 3.5-inch plastic boxes that had sides lightly greased with a petrolatum-mineral oil mixture. The boxes were equipped with ventilated, friction fitted lids to prevent escape of the insects. A fenoxycarb-treated panel was placed on the bottom at one end of the box with food and water positioned on top of the treated panel. A 20-sq-inch cardboard tent, placed at the other end of the box, served as harborage. This design offered the test insects a choice of harborage areas, but assured exposure to fenoxycarb during daily food and water consumption. At each aging period, 20 early 5th-stage nymphs were released into the confinement with the appropriate panel type. The insects were maintained here until they reached adulthood or died. Each aging period and panel type combination was replicated 4 times, for a total of 80 insects per treatment combination. Response variables evaluated in this study were the percent of surviving adults showing the morphogenetic deformities (wing twisting) associated with exposure to a juvenoid and the severity of wing twisting (TW) as rated on a scale from 0 (unaffected) to 5 (severely affected).
Efficacy of Orthene and Super Hydro-Sol for German Cockroach Control, 1987
Authors: Reid B. L. , Bennett G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Comparative laboratory tests were initiated to determine the relative efficacy and residual life of Orthene PCO Formula II (96% acephate) and Orthene PCO Formula II plus Super Hydro- Sol (Grillocin®, an odor neutralizer) against the German cockroach. Identical Orthene solutions were prepared at 1% AI; to one of these the deoderant Super Hydro-Sol was added at the rate of 1.5 oz/gal. Spray dilutions were applied to 1-sq-ft (929 cm2) tempered masonite panels at the rate of 1 gal/1000 sq ft (3.78 ml/929 cm2) using a mechanized spray tower apparatus equipped with a stainless steel nozzle tip, Spraying Systems Tee-Jet 8001E, at a constant pressure of 25 psi. After treatment, panels were placed into vertical storage compartments (dark conditions) for residual aging. Residual agings evaluated were 1, 14, 30, and 60 days. At the appropriate aging period, test insects were confined (continuous exposure) to the treated panel using 12.7-cm-diam plastic rings, lightly greased with a petrolatum-mineral oil mixture. Exposure times evaluated were 30 min and 1, 2, and 4 h. After exposure, insects were removed from the treated panel and placed in untreated holding jars, with food and water provided, for 48 h. Morbidity counts were recorded at the end of the exposure period and at 24 and 48 h after the start of the exposure; the final morbidity 48 h after the exposure is reported here. Six replicates were conducted for each exposure time, at each aging period, for each insecticide treatment. Each replication consisted of 10 cockroaches—5 adult males and 5 adult nongravid females.