bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of particle concentration and bulk characteristics on polarized oceanographic lidar measurements
Authors: Collister Brian L. , Zimmerman Richard C. , Sukenik Charles I. , Balch William M. , Hill Victoria J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOceanographic lidar measurements of the linear depolarization ratio, δ, contain information on the bulk characteristics of marine particles that could improve our ability to study ocean biogeochemistry. However, a scarcity of information on the polarized light‐scattering properties of marine particles and the lack of a framework for separating single and multiple scattering effects on δ have hindered the development of polarization‐based retrievals of bulk particle properties. To address these knowledge gaps, we made single scattering measurements of δ for several compositionally and morphologically distinct marine particle assemblages. We then used a bio‐optical model to explore the influence of multiple scattering and particle characteristics on lidar measurements of δ made during an expedition to sample a mesoscale coccolithophore bloom. Laboratory measurements of linear depolarization revealed a complex dependency on particle shape, size, and composition that were consistent with scattering simulations for idealized nonspherical particles. Model results suggested that the variability in δ measured during the field expedition was driven predominantly by shifts in particle concentration rather than their bulk characteristics. However, model estimates of δ improved when calcite particles were represented by a distinct particle class, highlighting the influence of bulk particle properties on δ. To advance polarized lidar retrievals of bulk particle properties and to constrain the uncertainty in satellite lidar retrievals of particulate backscattering, these results point to the need for future efforts to characterize the variability of particulate depolarization in the ocean and to quantify the sensitivity of operational ocean lidar systems to multiple scattering.
Dynamic Modeling of Industrial Loop Reactors for Catalytic Ethylene (Co)polymerization: Pressure Safety Valves
Authors: Krallis Apostolos , Al‐haj Ali Mohammad , Kanellopoulos Vasileios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn industrial loop reactors, for catalytic ethylene (co)polymerization, the heat produced by polymerization can result in temperature and pressure increase, which in turn can lead to reactor breakage, explosion, and consequent release of toxic/flammable fluids in the environment. To predict the reactor temperature and pressure during ethylene (co)polymerization and assess the performance of presure safety valves (PSVs) in response to emergency accidents, an integrated mathematical approach is followed including catalyst kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport properties modeling. A catalytic ethylene (co)polymerization kinetic model is used to predict the catalyst activity variation with respect to reactor temperature and the heat produced by the polymerization reaction during a reaction runaway. The Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state (SL EOS) is utilized in order to predict the reactor pressure for different slurry mixture compositions and the slurry densities at different temperatures, pressures and solids weight fractions. Dynamic macroscopic mass and energy balances are derived to calculate the dynamic evolution of concentrations of the various molecular species as well as the temperature changes in the loop reactor. The model can predict the temperature and pressure increase rates and the maximum flow rate at the PSVs during the runaway.
Katalysatoren immobilisieren
Authors: Abramov Alex , Diaz Diaz David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractÜbergangsmetallkomplexe als Photokatalysatoren ermöglichen organische Umwandlungen mit hohen Ausbeuten, Wechselzahlen und Selektivitäten. Sie lassen sich jedoch nur schlecht aus den Reaktionsmedien isolieren, weshalb sie bisher kaum wiederverwendet werden. Diese Übersicht konzentriert sich auf Strategien, die in den letzten zehn Jahren zur Rückgewinnung solcher Katalysatoren entwickelt wurden.
Das Mikrobiom der Pflanzen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPflanzen sind von Mikroben abhängig, ebenso wie wir zum Beispiel von unseren Darmbakterien. Obwohl Einzelbeispiele wie die stickstofffixierenden Knöllchenbakterien lange bekannt sind, ist das Gesamtbild komplex. Die Zusammenarbeit beruht unter anderem auf dem Austausch von Nährstoffen und chemischen Signalen.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of neonatal brain metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
Authors: Spielman Daniel M. , Gu Meng , Hurd Ralph E. , Riemer R. Kirk , Okamura Kenichi , Hanley Frank L. 
Published: April 2022

Here, we report on the development and performance of a robust 3‐T single‐voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) experimental protocol and data analysis pipeline for quantifying brain metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in a neonatal porcine model, with the overall goal of elucidating primary mechanisms of brain injury associated with these procedures. The specific aims were to assess which metabolic processes can be reliably interrogated by 1H MRS on a 3‐T clinical scanner and to provide an initial assessment of brain metabolism during deep hypothermia cardiac arrest (DHCA) surgery and recovery. Fourteen neonatal pigs underwent CPB surgery while placed in a 3‐T MRI scanner for 18, 28, and 37°C DHCA studies under hyperglycemic, euglycemic, and hypoglycemic conditions. Total imaging times, including baseline measurements, circulatory arrest (CA), and recovery averaged 3 h/animal, during which 30–40 single‐voxel 1H MRS spectra (sLASER pulse sequence, TR/TE = 2000/30 ms, 64 or 128 averages) were acquired from a 2.2‐cc right midbrain voxel. 1H MRS at 3 T was able to reliably quantify (1) anaerobic metabolism via depletion of brain glucose and the associated build‐up of lactate during CA, (2) phosphocreatine (PCr) to creatine (Cr) conversion during CA and subsequent recovery upon reperfusion, (3) a robust increase in the glutamine‐to‐glutamate (Gln/Glu) ratio during the post‐CA recovery period, and (4) a broadening of the water peak during CA. In vivo 1H MRS at 3 T can reliably quantify subtle metabolic brain changes previously deemed challenging to interrogate, including brain glucose concentrations even under hypoglycemic conditions, ATP usage via the conversion of PCr to Cr, and differential changes in Glu and Gln. Observed metabolic changes during CPB surgery of a neonatal porcine model provide new insights into possible mechanisms for prevention of neuronal injury.
“Touch‐aware” contact model for peridynamics modeling of granular systems
Authors: Mohajerani Soheil , Wang Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article presents an innovative “touch‐aware” frictional contact model for peridynamics to efficiently simulate the contact behavior between irregularly shaped particles. Conventional short‐range force contact model formulates the contact force field in such a way that leaves a large gap between particles, leading to a softer stiffness of contact and inaccurate simulation of densely packed granular materials. The developed “touch‐aware” contact model initiates the contact force calculation when contacting bodies are in touch, which leaves no gap between contacting bodies and provides a stiffer contact in an accurate and efficient way. It simulates frictional contact behaviors and damping between contacting bodies with irregular shapes. Different examples are given to verify the touch‐aware contact model with theoretical solutions such as Hertz theory of contact, Hertz theory of impact, Coulomb's law and damping formulation. The model is also compared with conventional peridynamics contact model and the discrete element method. Finally, the touch‐aware contact model is used to simulate condensation of an aggregate of irregularly shaped particles. These examples demonstrate excellent capacity of the “touch‐aware” model in simulating packed granular systems.
Identification of factors associated with the efficacy of atomoxetine in adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Nagai Tsutomu , Kurihara Tatsuya , Koya Hiroaki , Nakano Yukako , Sugisawa Satoru , Sambe Takehiko , Kishimoto Keiko , Kogo Mari , Ota Haruhisa , Iwanami Akira , Uchida Naoki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimAtomoxetine (ATX) is a non‐central stimulant and a standard treatment for adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The long‐term efficacy of Atomoxetine is about 40% at 6 months. The variability in efficacy between individuals is thought to be related to patient‐specific factors, but no detailed research has been conducted. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to identify the factors associated with Atomoxetine efficacy.MethodsA total of 147 patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder aged ≥18 years who were using Atomoxetine for the first time were included in this study. The outcome was treatment success (treatment maintained for at least 6 months and improvement in symptoms). Symptom assessment was based on the overall improvement in symptoms judged by an expert physician.ResultsOf the patient sample, 103 (70.1%) achieved the outcome. Logistic regression analysis identified “the maximum dose of ATX” and “gambling habit” as factors associated with efficacy ( P < 0.05). In the process of Atomoxetine titration, the larger the maximum dose, the higher the efficacy was shown to be. Gambling habits may be indicative of impulsivity, which is among the core symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Thus, a gambling habit may be considered a surrogate marker for impulsivity.ConclusionsKnowledge of these factors will help healthcare professionals to predict the likely efficacy of Atomoxetine in a given patient before subscribing it, facilitating individualized pharmacotherapy for adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Building the ecosystem for pediatric neuro‐oncology care in Pakistan: Results of a 7‐year long twinning program between Canada and Pakistan
Authors: Mushtaq Naureen , Mustansir Fatima , Minhas Khurram , Usman Sadia , Qureshi Bilal Mazhar , Mubarak Fatima , Bari Ehsan , Enam Syed Ather , Laghari Altaf Ali , Javed Gohar , Shamim Shahzad , Darbar Aneela , Abbasi Ahmed Nadeem , Kirmani Salman , Resham Shahazadi , Bilal Afia , Hamid Syed Ahmer , Zia Nida , Shaheen Najma , Wali Rabia , Ghafoor Tariq , Imam Uzma , Maaz Ata Ur Rehman , Khan Sara , Laperriere Normand , Desbrandes Francois , Dirks Peter , Drake James , Huang Annie , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia , Bartels Ute , Ramaswamy Vijay , Bouffet Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐ and middle‐income countries sustain the majority of pediatric cancer burden, with significantly poorer survival rates compared to high‐income countries. Collaboration between institutions in low‐ and middle‐income countries and high‐income countries is one of the ways to improve cancer outcomes.MethodsPatient characteristics and effects of a pediatric neuro‐oncology twinning program between the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada and several hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan over 7 years are described in this article.ResultsA total of 460 patients were included in the study. The most common primary central nervous system tumors were low‐grade gliomas (26.7%), followed by medulloblastomas (18%), high‐grade gliomas (15%), ependymomas (11%), and craniopharyngiomas (11.7%). Changes to the proposed management plans were made in consultation with expert physicians from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. On average, 24% of the discussed cases required a change in the original management plan over the course of the twinning program. However, a decreasing trend in change in management plans was observed, from 36% during the first 3.5 years to 16% in the last 3 years. This program also led to the launch of a national pediatric neuro‐oncology telemedicine program in Pakistan.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary and collaborative efforts by experts from across the world have aided in the correct diagnosis and treatment of children with brain tumors and helped establish local treatment protocols. This experience may be a model for other low‐ and middle‐income countries that are planning on creating similar programs.
Nutritional assessment and dietetic resource for children and young people with cancer in the United Kingdom
Authors: Henry Louise , Aldiss Susie , Gibson Faith , Pugh Gemma , Stevens Michael ,   on behalf of the Children, Teenagers and Young Adults (CTYA) Workstream of the NIHR Cancer and Nutrition Collaboration
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth under‐ and overnutrition may have adverse impact on outcome of cancer in children and teenagers/young adults (CTYA). Previous studies confirm that screening for nutritional risk and detection of nutritional abnormality is inconsistently undertaken in practice.MethodsWe undertook a survey of dietetic resource and nutritional assessment in CTYA principal treatment centres (PTC) in the United Kingdom. Responses were received from 95% children's and 69% TYA PTC.ResultsOnly 13/18 (72%) children's PTC, and one of 11 (9%) TYA PTC, met national standards for dietetic resource; one of 18 (6%) paediatric and six of 11(54%) TYA PTC had no such resource. While resources were greater in larger paediatric PTC, who were also most likely to undertake stem cell transplantation, resources in TYA PTC were too low to assess relationship to centre size. Most centres focused resources on inpatient care and <50% considered staffing adequate; 82% used nutritional screening tools but without consistency in the tool used. Weight and height were the principal method for assessment, but with inconsistency in the frequency of measurement and use in different clinical settings. Measures derived from weight and height, including body mass index (BMI), were inconsistently utilised. The use of arm anthropometry was rare despite evidence that use increases recognition of undernutrition. Detailed nutritional assessment was infrequently attempted.ConclusionBarriers to adequate nutritional assessment and treatment for all patients include resource limitations (particularly TYA), training for staff, and uncertainty about detailed assessment of nutritional status. There is a need to harmonise screening and assessment of nutritional status in CTYA with cancer.
Postpartum women's attitudes to disclosure of adult‐onset conditions in pregnancy
Authors: Libman Vitalia , Macarov Michal , Friedlander Yechiel , Goldman‐Mellor Sidra , Israel Salomon , Hochner‐Celnikier Drorith , Sompolinsky Yishai , Dior Uri Pinchas , Osovsky Michael , Basel‐Salmon Lina , Wiznitzer Arnon , Neumark Yehuda , Meiner Vardiella , Frumkin Ayala , Shkedi‐Rafid Shiri , Hochner Hagit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced prenatal genomic technologies can identify risks for adult‐onset (AO) conditions in the fetus, challenging the traditional purpose of prenatal testing. Professional guidelines commonly support disclosure of high‐penetrance AO actionable conditions, yet attitudes of women/parents to these findings and factors affecting their attitudes are understudied.MethodsWe explored 941 (77% response rate) postpartum women's attitudes towards receiving prenatal genetic information, and associations of sociodemographic, medical and psychological characteristics with their choices, focusing on AO conditions.ResultsWomen largely support the disclosure of actionable AO findings (58.4%), in line with professional guidelines. A third of the women also supported the disclosure of non‐actionable AO conditions. Stronger religious observance (p < 0.001) and higher psychological distress (p = 0.024) were associated with decreased interest in receiving actionable AO conditions, whereas higher concern for fetal health yielded increased interest (p = 0.032). Attitudes towards disclosure were strongly associated with women's perceived benefit of such information for their own, partner's, and future child's health. Termination of pregnancy based on such information received very little support.ConclusionIn‐light of the demonstrated understanding of nuanced genetic information and the observed diversity in attitudes, a culturally competent opt‐in/out policy could be considered. If full‐disclosure is practiced, support should be provided to those expressing higher levels of distress.
Supporting grandchildren's remote instruction during COVID‐19: Experiences of custodial grandmothers
Authors: Dolbin‐MacNab Megan L. , Jeanblanc Alexandra B. , Musil Carol M. , Infurna Frank J. , Smith Gregory C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile negative impacts of COVID‐19‐related remote instruction on children continue to emerge, it appears that vulnerable students will disproportionately bear the burden. One such vulnerable population is children being raised by grandparents. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to gain insight into custodial grandmothers' (CGMs) experiences of their grandchildren's remote instruction, as well as individual and contextual factors associated with these experiences. A national sample of 315 CGMs, drawn from two randomized clinical trials, completed an online survey in Spring of 2020. Results of a thematic analysis and supplemental quantitative analyses revealed three themes. First, access to technology and instructional supports were critical to the success of remote instruction, with barriers being difficulties using technology and poor‐quality remote instruction. Next, grandchild socioemotional difficulties, and fit with remote instruction, were central to their engagement and success with remote instruction. Finally, CGMs experienced multiple stressors related to managing the demands of remote instruction, work, and family. Challenges associated with remote instruction were related to pre‐pandemic difficulties such as grandchild problems and CGM depressive symptoms. Collectively, the results highlight how multiple adversities may have amplified grandchildren's existing vulnerability to negative outcomes. Implications are addressed, including strategies for supporting children raised by grandparents beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Pharmacist‐administered audiology screening for pediatric cystic fibrosis patients exposed to high‐dose aminoglycosides: A pilot study
Authors: McKinzie Cameron J. , Kam Charissa W. , Parry Rachel , Darby Marcus , Tak Casey R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis pilot study successfully implemented a standardized protocol for tablet‐based ototoxicity screening in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients exposed to aminoglycosides. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of implementation in a larger number of patients, as well as to determine barriers that may exist at centers with variation in available resources. This method of ototoxicity screening represents an accessible alternative to traditional audiology testing, and given the continued improvements in expected life span for people with CF, it is imperative that patients have regular access to this type of screening to allow for early identification of medication‐related toxicities.
Glutamicibacter halophytocola‐mediated host fitness of potato tuber moth on Solanaceae crops
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Xiao Guanli , Du Guangzu , Chang Lvshu , Yang Yun , Ye Jvhui , Chen Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of Solanaceae crops worldwide. α‐solanine and α‐chaconine are toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) in Solanaceae crops and are most abundant in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), accounting for more than 95% of the total SGAs. PTM grows on potatoes with a higher concentration of SGAs. Gut bacteria play an important role in the physiology and behavior of insects. To understand the role of gut bacteria of PTM in host adaptability, we isolated and identified major SGA (α‐chaconine and α‐solanine)‐degrading gut bacteria in the gut of PTM by a selective medium and analyzed their degradability and degradation mechanism.RESULTSThe gut Glutamicibacter halophytocola S2 of PTM with high degradation capacity to α‐solanine and α‐chaconine were detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and identified by morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A gene cluster involving α‐rhamnosidases, β‐glucosidases, and β‐galactosidases was identified by whole‐genome sequencing of G. halophytocola S2. These genes had higher expression on the α‐solanine medium. PTM inoculated with the isolated G. halophytocola S2 obtained higher fitness than antibiotic‐treated PTM.CONCLUSIONThe G. halophytocola S2 in the gut of PTM could degrade the major toxic α‐solanine and α‐chaconine in potatoes. This enhances the fitness of PTM feeding on potatoes with high SGA contents. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the integrated pest management of PTM and provide an effective strain for the treatment of α‐solanine and α‐chaconine in potato food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Wild potato ancestors as potential sources of resistance to the aphid Myzus persicae
Authors: Ali Jamin , Sobhy Islam S , Bruce Toby JA 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant resistance to insects can be reduced by crop domestication which means their wild ancestors could provide novel sources of resistance. Thus, crossing wild ancestors with domesticated crops can potentially enhance their resistance against insects. However, a prerequisite for this is identification of sources of resistance. Here, we investigated the response of three wild potato (Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl.) accessions and cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) to aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) herbivory.RESULTSResults revealed that there was a significant reduction in aphid survival and reproduction on wild potato accessions (CGN18333, CGN22718, CGN23072) compared to cultivated (Desiree) potato plants. A similar trend was observed in olfactometer bioassay; the wild accessions had a repellent effect on adult aphids. In contrast, among the tested wild potato accessions, the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) was significantly attracted to volatiles from CGN18333. Volatile analysis showed that wild accessions emitted significantly more volatiles compared to cultivated potato. Principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile data revealed that the volatile profiles of wild and cultivated potato are dissimilar. β‐Bisabolene, (E)‐β‐farnesene, trans‐α‐bergamotene, d‐limonene, (E,E)‐4,8,12‐trimethyl‐1,3,7,11‐tridecatetraene (TMTT), and p‐cymen‐7‐ol were the main volatiles contributing to the emitted blends, suggesting possible involvement in the behavioural response of both M. persicae and D. rapae.CONCLUSIONOur findings show that the tested wild accessions have the potential to be used to breed aphid‐resistant potatoes. This opens new opportunities to reduce the aphid damage and to enhance the recruitment of natural enemies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.