bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Bodies Have Minds?
Authors: McWeeny Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTheories about what a mind is entail views about who (or what) has a mind and vice versa. This chapter reframes the classic problem of how the mind interacts with the body in terms of the question of mental attribution: Which bodies have minds? Critical social theorists’ descriptions of mental attribution associated with the bodies of women, Black people, colonized people, laborers, and others, reveals three metaphysical components of mental attribution that are respectively associated with experiences of immanence and nonbeing, dehumanization, and objectification and hypermateriality: (1) the ratio component, (2) the comparison component, and (3) the constitution component. A theory’s approach to each of these components collectively forms its “attribution pattern.” Physicalist panpsychisms provide ready examples of attribution patterns that apply to the set of all bodies that exist. Russellian panpsychism illustrates a “selective” attribution pattern that attributes minds (or mentality) only to certain bodies, while Cavendishian panpsychism exhibits an “unrestricted” attribution pattern that attributes a mind to each and every body. These contrary views help to establish a taxonomy of mental attribution patterns that promises to inspire fresh theories of mind and liberatory configurations of the social.
“What a Queer Girl Frank Willard Is!”
Authors: Evans Christopher H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter continues Frances Willard’s story into her late teens, as she moved to the town that became her permanent home: Evanston, Illinois. Pursuing her education at North-Western Female College, Willard wrestled with questions pertaining to her future and her Christian faith. The chapter spotlights how Willard was drawn into the theological rhythms of mid-nineteenth-century Methodism, particularly coming from the United States’ largest Protestant denomination, the Methodist Episcopal Church. Influenced by prominent church leaders Phoebe Palmer and Matthew Simpson, Willard somewhat reluctantly embraced Christianity by her early twenties. Even as she made the decision to become a Christian, Willard remained captivated by an array of intellectual sources, including the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller.
“Agitate, Educate, Organize”
Authors: Evans Christopher H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Frances Willard’s rising popularity in the early 1880s, focusing upon her public speaking and her role in building the institutional culture of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). Through traveling thousands of miles and speaking in hundreds of locations across the United States, Willard became one of the country’s most popular orators. The chapter discusses Willard’s role as a charismatic leader and her effectiveness in recruiting women to join the WCTU. It also examines ways that Willard and her secretary Anna Gordon weaved together a community of women centered upon Willard’s mother, Mary Hill Willard. In addition to her public speaking, Willard successfully publicized the WCTU’s mission through its national conventions and through an effective publication arm, the Woman’s Temperance Publishing Association (WTPA), led by one of Willard’s closest associates, Matilda Carse.
“This Is My Busy Day”
Authors: Evans Christopher H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the circle of women who surrounded Frances Willard at her Evanston home, Rest Cottage. The epicenter of the woman’s temperance movement, Rest Cottage was a place of constant activity, in which Willard’s closest associates and friends, such as Anna Gordon, lived, worked, and played. The chapter explores Willard’s growing interest in women’s health and exercise. It also explores Willard’s interests in a variety of late nineteenth century religious movements, such as New Thought, Christian Science, and spiritualism. Outside of this circle of women’s friendships, Willard faced several adversaries in the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), particularly Mary Hunt. Hunt led a national campaign of Scientific Temperance instruction in the nation’s public schools and became one of Willard’s chief critics within the WCTU.
“You Know . . . of the Difficulty in Which I Have Been Placed by This Unjust Controversy”
Authors: Evans Christopher H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the international feud between Frances Willard and journalist Ida B. Wells from 1893 to 1895. Wells called attention to Willard’s silence on African American lynching in the South, noting Willard’s reluctance to criticize southern whites who denied the realities of these crimes. The chapter discusses Wells’ support from British reformers such as Catherine Impey, as well as from African American leaders like Frederick Douglass. It also brings attention to the politics of the World’s Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) where many British women, notably Florence Balgarnie, challenged Willard to take a stronger stance against lynching. Although Willard weathered the storm, the Wells controversy highlights Willard’s lack of sustained engagement with issues of racism.
Introduction
Authors: Elkins Katherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Unlike most fiction writers, Proust was trained in philosophy. In fact, he even considered writing a philosophical treatise instead of the novel we know so well. This hesitation about what form his writing should take still haunts his final choice of a novel, which is both philosophical yet not philosophy. Take your pick of philosophers, from Plato to Nietzsche, and you can easily find an essay or even a book arguing that this particular philosopher most applies to Proust. But as one plunges into the narrative that he finally wrote, one is struck by the fact that In Search of Lost Time feels nothing like what we often call a philosophical novel, or even, a novel of ideas. Instead, philosophical reflection lies in the shadows of his fictional world, a sort of parallel life that can be found in the underweave.
One Purpose
Authors: Cockayne Joshua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lamenting when the outwards of the Church commit acts of abhorrence in the world and reflecting on the discussion of worship and justice in the minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible, Chapter 7 shows that there is a close connection between worship and ethics. Bringing Augustine’s discussion of social justice to bear on the ethics of worship, it argues that we should look to an account of group injustice to best understand cases of abuse and injustice in the Church. Examining recent work by Miranda Fricker, it considers how responsibilities might be shared by two or more agents. Building on the discussions of functionalist social ontology, an account of group virtue is applied to the context of worship by arguing that group injustice should be thought of in roughly the same way that we think of individual injustice—as the community’s failing to do what it ought to do, namely, to love. The chapter also considers a number of questions for thinking about how we should respond to issues of group injustice within our communities: When should an individual submit to a church community and when should they protest? When does an action done on behalf of the Church become disassociated with the Church as a whole? Building on Stephanie Collins’ discussion of group responsibility, the chapter argues that, as a member of the Church, one has a responsibility to protest actions within the Church which one takes to diverge from the Church’s purpose in Christ through the Spirit.
The Victorians without Modernity
Authors: Hawkins Angus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter proposes an alternative conception of the dynamics of Victorian political and social history, which does away with the assumptions and distortions imposed by ‘modernisation theory’. It argues instead that historians need to pay much closer attention to notions of the past, morality, and community if they want to understand how nineteenth-century Britain worked. Each element of the social-scientific conception of ‘modernity’ is dismantled in turn, to be replaced by an alternative version of events in which tradition, reaction, and contingency mattered just as much as ‘progressive’ change. The chapter argues that the impact of urbanisation and industrialisation was strictly limited; that there was no such thing as a rigid ‘two-party’ binary; that parliamentary reform did not point in one direction; that ‘class consciousness’ was of restricted significance; and that the political and cultural power of religious conviction and of visions of the (English) past remained largely unchallenged. This amounts to a comprehensive vision of ‘the Victorians without modernity’.
Giving the Green Light
Authors: Liberto Hallie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 describes the traditional methods of theorizing permissive consent: the appeal to intuitions; the appeal to conditions for moral responsibility; and the appeal to human values. It explains the attractions of each approach and argues that all three methods are unreliable for deriving conclusions about the features of permissive consent. It then discusses an alternative approach routed in traditional philosophical methods, which is termed “mechanistic,” since it applies to a change-making force in a moral system. On this approach, we must identify and fully describe the difference between the moral world before and after consent and use that comparison as a tool to characterize the wrongdoing prevented by consent. Only then can we theorize what moral processes enable and render the relevant changes that prevent or preclude that wrongdoing. The chapter explains what kinds of questions arise at each stage of this approach to theorizing permissive consent.
Slump
Authors: Shasore Neal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at how the architectural profession, and indeed the wider construction industry, began to mobilize techniques of publicity and public relations explicitly for their own interests. The overwhelming factor in catalysing these public relations strategies, however, was the Great Slump and resulting financial crisis which struck in 1929. The construction industry was affected acutely; not only was unemployment particularly high in the sector, capital expenditure on public works was also curtailed. To counter these adverse circumstances, the profession formed the Building Industries National Council (BINC) to devise effective public relations campaigns. The second part of the chapter traces the emergence of a public relations function at the RIBA in 1933. The Public Relations Committee catalysed a series of ambitious projects in the mid-1930s, including professional services, publicity, film and radio broadcast, housing design and design review panels. The work of the Public Relations Committee permeated the administration of the RIBA, holding significant control over important areas of policy which had previously been treated as ad hoc and assuming significant status within the Institute hierarchy. The emergence of the RIBA’s public relations function was a significant episode in the development of the Institute, and in professional practice more widely.
Vigilance
Authors: Shasore Neal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter explores how and why in the interwar years architects and their allies repeatedly asserted the proprietary right that the public had over their built and natural environment. Architectural discourse was reframed in terms of democratization and community interest by a range of figures in architectural culture. Architects as heritage campaigners mobilized notions of public proprietorship to make their claim for the integration of the historic built environment into new development in the 1920s and 1930s, particularly Georgian monuments and ensembles. Civil society and associational culture—campaigns and committees—were vital to the thriving of architectural culture in the interwar years, partly because there was an ambivalence about the role of the state and its institutions, often felt to be subject to powerful vested interests. In a mass democracy, the public needed to be vigilant, and vigilantism—watchfulness by the public for the public to preserve that which was most valuable—was a frequent refrain in discourses of preservation and development in the interwar years. The chapter looks a number of preservationist skirmishes and pitch battles in the interwar years to explore the architect’s role as campaigner—from the redevelopment of Nash’s Regent Street to the destruction of the working-class community of Portland Town near St John’s Wood; from the campaigns of the Londoners’ League at their ‘Mutilated House’ headquarters to the establishment of the Georgian Group and the lobby for statutory protection through listing. The chapter uses these examples to question simplistic binaries between old and new development and to look for ambiguities in the Georgian and neo-Georgian imaginaries which predominated in design culture of the time.
Let America Be America Again
Authors: Hughes Langston 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Let America Be America Again: Conversations with Langston Hughes is a record of a remarkable man talking. In texts ranging from early interviews in the 1920s, when he was a busboy and scribbling out poems on hotel napkins, to major speeches, such as his keynote address at the First World Festival of Negro Arts in Dakar, Senegal, in 1966, Hughes’s words included in this volume further amplify the international reputation he established over the course of five decades through more widely-published and well-known poems, stories, novels, and plays. In these interviews, speeches, and conversational essays, the writer referred to by admirers as the “Poet Laureate of the Negro Race” and the “Dean of Black Letters” articulated some of his most powerful critiques of fascism, economic and racial oppression, and compromised democracy. It was also through these genres that Hughes spoke of the responsibilities of the Black artist, documented the essential contributions of Black people to literature, music, and theatre, and chronicled the substantial challenges that Black artists face in gaining recognition, fair pay, and professional advancement. And it was through these pieces, too, that Hughes built on his celebrated work in other literary genres to craft an original, tragic-comic persona—a Blues poet in exile, forever yearning for and coming back to a home, a nation, that nevertheless continues to disappoint and harm him. A global traveler, Hughes’s words, “Let America be America Again,” were, throughout his career, always followed by a caveat: “America never was America to me.”
The International Dignitary Caps a Distinguished Career
Authors: De Santis Christopher C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hughes was highly regarded throughout the world in the final years of his career, and although he was the subject of critiques by some younger writers, who perceived his later work as lacking in complexity and, at times, out of step with Black nationalist political commitments and aesthetics, he was frequently sought after for his perspectives on art, race, politics, and the role and responsibilities of Black writers. In the 1960s, his fifth decade working as a professional writer, Hughes still perceived himself primarily as a propaganda writer, and he retained a belief in the power of literature to effect some change in prevailing problems of racial intolerance, bigotry, and discrimination. Hughes emphasized the importance of cross-cultural and transnational exchange among artists and writers, but he never lost sight of—or stopped speaking boldly about—the specific struggles of Black people in the United States against entrenched systems of racial oppression and the racist violence that continued even in the context of the gains achieved during the Civil Rights Movement.
Transparency and Power
Authors: Koivisto Ida 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter discusses the interconnections between transparency, legitimacy, and power. It is argued that according to the popular perception, transparency promises to make power visible, and as such, controllable. To question this premise, different dimensions of power are discussed. The chapter suggests that the illusion of the verticality of power is important. The legitimacy of power is typically a concern in the state, in which two different rationalities and concomitant citizen roles come into play: transparency in ‘democratic rationality’, enabling citizens to influence the state, and transparency in ‘public law rationality’, making citizens aware of the power to which they are subjected. It is argued that transparency can make only certain aspects of power visible: some aspects of power may be unfit for representation, while other aspects may be consciously concealed. This makes the two rationalities incomplete. Additionally, it is argued that we may not always want to see power.
Communion Theories in Catholic Theology
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the way in which Cajetan’s account of the Incarnation was developed in later Dominican circles. It discusses the contributions of four theologians: Diego Álvarez (the first theologian to attempt a response to Suárez’s innovations), Giovanni Paolo Nazario, João Poinsot, and Jean-Baptiste Gonet. The question for these theologians lay in working out what kind of ground was required for categorial union relation held by Aquinas to exist between the human nature and the divine person. Their answer was that the relation is grounded simply on the immediate communication of the divine subsistence and existence to the human nature. One worry had by Suárez is that no action can be simply unitive, as the communication of the divine subsistence to the human nature seems to be. Nazario responded by attempting to give an account of such an action in terms of a created efflux mediating between action and passion. Poinsot maintains that subsistence might count as a mode; the other thinkers reject this.
The Genus Maiestaticum (1)
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines various problems and issues associated with the Lutheran claim that certain divine attributes can be predicated of Christ’s human nature. It opens with the question of semantics, showing some of the different senses of predication in abstracto accepted by Balthasar Meisner and Johann Gerhard. After a brief discussion of early Lutheran treatments of the essence–energies distinction, it shows how the genus maiestaticum depends on divine activity being performed through the human nature. The chapter offers three distinct analyses of the nature of divine activity: those of Ägidius Hunn, Johann Gerhard, and Abraham Calov. It shows how Calov borrows an account of divine activity from Francisco Suárez, one that turns out to be inconsistent with Calov’s insistence that predicating divine attributes of the human nature is not a case of mere extrinsic denomination—a position that Calov reports and rejects from the Colloquy of Kassel (1661) between the theologians of Marburg and Rinteln. The chapter includes discussion of the disagreement between the theologians of Tübingen and those of Giessen. Both sides agree that the genus maiestaticum requires special divine activity in the human nature; but the former date this activity from the Incarnation, whereas the latter date it from the exaltation. The Decisio saxonica effectively decided in favour of the Giessen theologians. A final section considers differences between the two groups of theologians on the question of divine omnipresence, and consequent differences between the two on the nature of bodily omnipresence.
Britain’s Catholics
Authors: Clements Ben , Bullivant Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 focuses on some important foundational issues relating to the academic study of Catholics as a religious community in Britain. The chapter discusses how precisely the study does, and does not, define ‘a Catholic’ in the first place and connects this to the Roman Catholic Church and to considerations in the scholarly literature. Since self-identification as a Catholic is the foundational category for all other analyses in the book, the strengths and limitations of this measure are discussed. Significant attention is paid to the issue of survivorship bias. The chapter then provides a detailed contemporary profile of who Britain’s Catholics are in terms of demography—overall numbers, age, sex, geographical distribution, national and ethnic background, and education.
Social Morality Issues
Authors: Clements Ben , Bullivant Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 provides a detailed analysis of the shifting terrain of Catholics’ attitudes on social issues across recent decades. This is done in the context of the Catholic Church’s long-standing teachings on social morality. The chapter first reviews the long-term attitudinal data on moral debates, based on analysis of long-running social surveys. This shows how there has been a substantial and wide-ranging liberalization of Catholics’ attitudes on abortion, assisted suicide, sexual relations before marriage, gender roles, and same-sex relations. Based on in-depth analysis of the new ‘Catholics in Britain’ survey, the chapter then shows the liberal stances that many British Catholics hold on these issues and explore some of main sources of attitudinal variation, based on sex, age, education, religious socialisation, and levels of religious commitment.
Universalism and the Universe of Death
Authors: Foley Hugh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines Amiri Baraka’s interrogation of the idea of universality, particularly in his early work in The Dead Lecturer (1964). It begins by discussing the attempts by avant-garde writers, chiefly Charles Olson, to ground the universality of the poem in biology, and the ways that they saw this as a rejection of the lyric, which they viewed as limited, conformist, and traditional. This chapter makes the case that as Baraka became radicalized following his experiences in Cuba and increasingly questioned the white supremacism of liberal society, such universality became suspect. Reading the poem ‘Betancourt’, the chapter argues that Baraka used the resources of the lyric exchange to stage this failure of universality. It then discusses how this failing was connected to Baraka’s understanding of American liberalism. It concludes by reading the poem ‘Rhythm and Blues’ to show how Baraka offers a critique of racialized exclusion at the heart of the liberal idea. In order to do this, the poem uses the lyric exchange as a way of thinking about death, and the deadliness underlying both American society and the lyric’s work of animation. In revealing the limits of the liberalism of Olson, the chapter argues that Baraka demonstrates a different aspect of the critical powers of lyric.