bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic characteristics associated with parenthood amongst patients with a psychotic diagnosis: a cross-sectional study using patient clinical records
Authors: Radley Jessica , Barlow Jane , Johns Louise C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Estimates of parenthood in individuals with psychosis range from 27 to 63%. This number has likely increased due to the introduction of newer anti-psychotics and shorter hospital stays. The problems of psychosis can affect patients’ capacity to offer the consistent, responsive care required for healthy child development. The following research questions were assessed: (1) what proportion of these patients have their children correctly recorded in their clinical notes, (2) what proportion of patients in secondary care with a psychotic diagnosis have children, and (3) what sociodemographic characteristics are associated with parenthood in this population.

Methods
This study used CRIS (Clinical Record Interactive Search) to search for patients with a diagnosis of non-affective or affective psychosis (F20–29, F31.2 or F31.5) within a UK NHS Trust. A binomial regression model was fitted to identify the variables associated with parenthood.

Results
Fewer than half of the parents in the sample had their children recorded in the correct field in their clinical notes. Of 5173 patients with psychosis, 2006 (38.8%) were parents. Characteristics associated with parenthood included being female, older age, higher socioeconomic status, renting or owning, having ever been married, being unemployed, not being White (British) and not having a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Conclusion
Over one-third of patients with psychosis were parents, and the study indicates that not all NHS Trusts are recording dependants accurately. Many variables were strongly associated with parenthood and these findings may help target interventions for this population.
Cross-national examination of adolescent suicidal behavior: a pooled and multi-level analysis of 193,484 students from 53 LMIC countries
Authors: Abio Anne , Owusu Priscilla N. , Posti Jussi P. , Bärnighausen Till , Shaikh Masood Ali , Shankar Viswanathan , Lowery Wilson Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Suicide is a leading cause of adolescent mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify individual-level and country-level factors which might explain the variability in suicidal behavior among students in 53 low to middle income countries.

Methods
We used data on adolescents aged 12–16 years from the Global School-based Student Health Surveys from 2009–2016. The suicidal behaviors investigated included suicide ideation, suicidal planning and suicide attempt. The prevalence was estimated for 53 countries, while a multilevel logistic regression analysis (33 countries) was used to investigate the associations of these behaviors with individual and country-level contextual risk factors. The contextual variables included the Gini Coefficient, Gross Domestic Product per capita, pupil-to-teacher ratios, population density, homicide rates, law criminalizing suicide and the night light index.

Results
The overall prevalence of suicide ideation, making a plan and suicide attempt were 10.4%, 10.3% and 11.0%, respectively. The highest prevalence rates reported were from the Americas. The strongest risk factors associated with suicidal behavior included anxiety, loneliness, no close friends and the substance abuse. Among the country level variables, the night light index was associated with making a suicide plan and attempting suicide.

Conclusion
The non-significant country level findings were not entirely surprising given the mixed results from prior studies. Additional knowledge is thus achieved with regard to country level factors associated with suicidal behavior across adolescent populations.
Influence of the atmosphere and temperature on the properties of the oxygen-affine bonding system titanium-diamond during sintering
Authors: Denkena Berend , Bergmann Benjamin , Fromm Andreas , Klose Christian , Hansen Nils 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGrinding tools can be manufactured from metal, vitrified, and resin bond materials. In combination with superabrasives like diamond grains, metal-bonded tools are used in a wide range of applications. The main advantages of metal over vitrified and resin bonds are high grain retention forces and high thermal conductivity. This paper investigates the influence of the atmosphere and manufacturing parameters such as sintering temperature on the properties of titanium-bonded grinding layers. Titanium is an active bond material, which can increase the retention of diamond grains in metal-bonded grinding layers. This can lead to higher bond stress and, consequently, decreased wear of grinding tools in use when compared to other commonly used bond materials like bronze. The reason for this is the adhesive bond between titanium and diamond due to the formation of carbides in the interface, whereas bronze can only form a mechanical cohesion with diamond grains. However, when using oxygen-affine metals such as titanium, oxidizing effects could limit the strength of the bond due to insufficient adhesion between Ti-powder particles and the prevention of carbide formation. The purpose of this paper is to show the influence of the sintering atmosphere and temperature on the properties of titanium-bonded diamond grinding layers using the mechanical and thermal characterization of specimens. A higher vacuum (Δpatm = − 75 mbar) reduces the oxidation of titanium particles during sintering, which leads to higher critical bond stress (+ 38% @ Ts = 900 °C) and higher thermal conductivity (+ 3.4% @Ts = 1000 °C, Ta = 25 °C). X-ray diffraction measurements could show the formation of carbides in the cross-section of specimens, which also has a positive effect on the critical bond stress due to an adhesive bond between titanium and diamond.
The acute effects of cannabidiol on emotional processing and anxiety: a neurocognitive imaging study
Authors: Bloomfield Michael A. P. , Yamamori Yumeya , Hindocha Chandni , Jones Augustus P. M. , Yim Jocelyn L. L. , Walker Hannah R. , Statton Ben , Wall Matthew B. , Lees Rachel H. , Howes Oliver D. , Curran Valerie H. , Roiser Jonathan P. , Freeman Tom P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationaleThere is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) across a range of psychiatric disorders. CBD has been found to reduce anxiety during experimentally induced stress in anxious individuals and healthy controls. However, the mechanisms underlying the putative anxiolytic effects of CBD are unknown.ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the behavioural and neural effects of a single dose of CBD vs. placebo on a range of emotion-related measures to test cognitive-mechanistic models of its effects on anxiety.MethodsWe conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, acute oral challenge of 600 mg of CBD in 24 healthy participants on emotional processing, with neuroimaging (viewing emotional faces during functional magnetic resonance imaging) and cognitive (emotional appraisal) measures as well as subjective response to experimentally induced anxiety.ResultsCBD did not produce effects on brain responses to emotional faces and cognitive measures of emotional processing, or modulate experimentally induced anxiety, relative to placebo.ConclusionsGiven the rising popularity of CBD for its putative medical benefits, these findings question whether further research is warranted to investigate the clinical potential of CBD for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Non-destructive assessment of vitamin C in foods: a review of the main findings and limitations of vibrational spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Tirado-Kulieva Vicente Amirpasha , Hernández-Martínez Ernesto , Suomela Jukka-Pekka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe constant increase in the demand for safe and high-quality food has generated the need to develop efficient methods to evaluate food composition, vitamin C being one of the main quality indicators. However, its heterogeneity and susceptibility to degradation makes the analysis of vitamin C difficult by conventional techniques, but as a result of technological advances, vibrational spectroscopy techniques have been developed that are more efficient, economical, fast, and non-destructive. This review focuses on main findings on the evaluation of vitamin C in foods by using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. First, the fundamentals of ultraviolet–visible, infrared and Raman spectroscopy are detailed. Also, chemometric methods, whose use is essential for a correct processing and evaluation of the spectral information, are described. The use and importance of vibrational spectroscopy in the evaluation of vitamin C through qualitative characterization and quantitative analysis is reported. Finally, some limitations of the techniques and potential solutions are described, as well as future trends related to the utilization of vibrational spectroscopic techniques.
Statin discontinuation in persons with and without Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vu Mai , Kettunen Raimo , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Hartikainen Sirpa , Taipale Heidi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Although statin use is reported to decrease after dementia diagnosis, time to statin discontinuation and factors associated with discontinuation have not been studied in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We compared the risk of discontinuation and factors associated with discontinuation, including secondary and primary prevention indication, in statin users with and without AD.

Methods
The register-based Medication Use and Alzheimer’s Disease (MEDALZ) cohort includes community dwellers with a clinically verified AD diagnosed during 2005–2011 in Finland. On the AD diagnosis date (index date), each person with AD was matched with a comparison person without AD. We included 25,137 people with AD and 22,692 without AD who used statin on the index date or initiated within 90 days after. Cox regression models restricted to 4-year follow-up were conducted.

Result
The median time to statin discontinuation was 1.46 years in people with AD and 1.36 years in people without AD. People with AD were more likely to discontinue than people without AD (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.20 (95% CI 1.18–1.24)). This was observed for both primary (aHR 1.11 (1.06–1.16)) and secondary prevention (aHR 1.30 (1.25–1.35)) purpose. Factors associated with discontinuation included higher age and female gender, whereas concomitant cardiovascular drug use and previous statin use were associated with decreased risk.

Conclusion
The absolute difference in discontinuation rates was small, and the same factors were associated with statin discontinuation in people with and without AD. The findings suggest that cognitive decline plays a minor role on statin discontinuation.
Metal oxide semiconducting nanomaterials for air quality gas sensors: operating principles, performance, and synthesis techniques
Authors: Isaac N. A. , Pikaar I. , Biskos G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo meet requirements in air quality monitoring, sensors are required that can measure the concentration of gaseous pollutants at concentrations down to the ppb and ppt levels, while at the same time they exhibiting high sensitivity, selectivity, and short response/recovery times. Among the different sensor types, those employing metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) offer great promises as they can be manufactured in easy/inexpensive ways, and designed to measure the concentration of a wide range of target gases. MOS sensors rely on the adsorption of target gas molecules on the surface of the sensing material and the consequent capturing of electrons from the conduction band that in turn affects their conductivity. Despite their simplicity and ease of manufacturing, MOS gas sensors are restricted by high limits of detection (LOD; which are typically in the ppm range) as well as poor sensitivity and selectivity. LOD and sensitivity can in principle be addressed by nanostructuring the MOSs, thereby increasing their porosity and surface-to-volume ratio, whereas selectivity can be tailored through their chemical composition. In this paper we provide a critical review of the available techniques for nanostructuring MOSs using chemiresistive materials, and discuss how these can be used to attribute desired properties to the end gas sensors. We start by describing the operating principles of chemiresistive sensors, and key material properties that define their performance. The main part of the paper focuses on the available methods for synthesizing nanostructured MOSs for use in gas sensors. We close by addressing the current needs and provide perspectives for improving sensor performance in ways that can fulfill requirements for air quality monitoring.
Graphical abstract
Determinants, outcomes, and feedbacks associated with microeconomic adaptation to climate change
Authors: Bartelet Henry A. , Barnes Michele L. , Cumming Graeme S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActors across all economic sectors of society will need to adapt to cope with the accelerating impacts of climate change. However, little information is currently available about how microeconomic actors are adapting to climate change and how best to support these adaptations. We reviewed the empirical literature to provide an overview of (1) the climate change adaptations that have been undertaken in practice by microeconomic actors (i.e. households and firms) and their determinants; and (2) the outcomes of these adaptations and the manner in which public policies have supported them. About a quarter of actors across the studies included in our review took no adaptation measures to climate change. Of those that did, the most commonly identified determinant of adaptation was assets, which were predominantly discussed as facilitating diversification within livelihoods. Few (14 out of 80) of the studies we reviewed which described empirical climate change adaptations evaluated the outcomes of these adaptations. Of those that did, evidence suggests that conflicts exist between the microeconomic outcomes of adaptations, social and environmental externalities, and long-term resilience. Different public policy interventions intended to support adaptation were discussed (57 in total); the provision of informational support was the most prevalent (33%). Our analysis suggests that microeconomic adaptation occurs as a cycle in which social and ecological feedbacks positively or negatively influence the adaptation process. Thus, efforts to facilitate adaptation are more likely to be effective if they recognize the role of feedbacks and the potential diversity of outcomes triggered by public policy incentives.
Sedimentary aspects of the onset of Middle Triassic continental rifting in the western end of Neotethys; inferences from the Silica and Torna Nappes, NE Hungary: a review
Authors: Hips Kinga 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe initiation of continental rifting from the latest Early Triassic was reconstructed by correlation of sedimentary formations deposited in the western end of Neotethys (in the Dinaric–Alpine oceanic branch). The shallow-marine and basinal strata of the Silica Nappes and the Bódvarákó Series from the Torna Nappe (located in the southern part of the Inner Western Carpathians) were studied and compared to sedimentary successions described from the Alps, the Carpathians and the Dinarides. The depositional zonation, developed on the shelf during the Late Permian‒Early Triassic transgression, was dissected and rearranged from the latest Early Triassic. The facies pattern and the differential sedimentary evolution of the shelf domains suggest that the accelerated subsidence began in the latest Early Triassic, and was connected to the onset of continental rifting. Three stages are reconstructed in the studied time-frame. (1) Dark grey carbonates, very poor in fossils, were deposited in restricted and hypersaline intraplatform basins in many shelf domains. In the external domains, shallow-marine carbonates, depositional gaps and terrestrial deposits are typical (formations in the Southern Alps, the External Dinarides and the Serbian–Macedonian Massif). From the latest Early Triassic, this latter shelf segment formed a threshold that restricted water circulation from the intraplatform basins. (2) Shallowing-up carbonate successions mark the next stage that implies a period of tectonic quiescence on the shelf from the late Early Anisian to late Middle Anisian. A peculiar change in biota occurring in previously restricted domains was coeval in shallow-marine and deep-marine settings. The biotic change is revealed by observations that dark grey carbonates, which are very poor in fossils, are overlain by carbonate successions rich in fossils typical for normal-marine water. The biota and environmental changes indicate the opening of a passage which allowed the circulation of well-oxygenated and normal-salinity marine water towards the previously restricted depositional areas. The geodynamic setting switching from continental rifting to spreading in the southern sector of the Dinaric–Alpine oceanic branch (Hellenides and Albanides), triggered the opening of the gateway between the future continental margins, i.e., between the External Dinaridic domain (Adria) and Serbian–Macedonian Massif (Eurasia). (3) Following the biotic event in the northern sector of the shelf, subsidence accelerated and additional intraplatform basins opened from the latest Pelsonian.
Case report: the rare clinical picture of vasculitis of the pericardium in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nebert Clemens , Mayer Christian , Zirngast Birgit , Moser Lisa , Rainer Peter , D’Orazio Monica , Hermann Josef , Stangl Verena , Mächler Heinrich 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Background
The cause of pericarditis is manifold. It can occur as a result of various diseases but may also be triggered by drugs. However, the data on drug-induced pericarditis are still scarce.

Case report
A 64-year-old female hypertensive patient with rheumatoid arthritis for 20 years presented with thoracic pain and recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions. For treatment of the recurrent effusions, the patient received glucocorticoids and colchicine in addition to the basic rheumatoid arthritis therapy, and treatment has only recently been expanded to include etanercept. On admission, she complained of malaise, dysphagia, and blood pressure was 85/55 mm Hg. She was normofrequent with elevated inflammatory parameters. On trans-thoracal echocardiography (TTE) and computer-tomography (CT), there was a 3-cm non-floating structure in the entire circumference of the pericardium. The indication for pericardiectomy was given because of hemodynamic impairment. After incision of the pericardium, 250 ml of a brown-reddish fluid drained, with brown crumbly necrotic masses visible underneath. Histopathologic findings revealed vasculitis-related chronic fibrinous pericarditis with vasculitic changes. A subclinical infection with Staphylococcus aureus was detectable by PCR analysis.

Conclusion
Based on the fact that tumor necrosis factor blockers can induce vasculitis, etanercept might have been responsible for the exacerbation of pericarditis. The underlying rheumatoid arthritis could also be considered as a trigger. The detection of Staphylococcus aureus DNA in the pericardium and the exacerbation of pericarditis could be attributed to secondary vasculitis after an infection with S. aureus, whereas the tendency to infection due to humoral immunodeficiency after years of immunosuppressive therapy has to be discussed as a trigger.
Stabilization of spline bases by extension
Authors: Chu Ba-Duong , Martin Florian , Reif Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a method to stabilize bases with local supports by means of extension. It generalizes the known approach for tensor product B-splines to a much broader class of functions, which includes hierarchical and weighted variants of polynomial, trigonometric, and exponential splines, but also box splines, T-splines, and other function spaces of interest with a local basis. Extension removes elements that cause instabilities from a given basis by linking them with the remaining ones by means of a specific linear combination. The two guiding principles for this process are locality and persistence. Locality aims at coupling basis functions whose supports are close together, while persistence guarantees that a given set of globally supported functions, like certain monomials in the case of polynomial splines, remain in the span of the basis after extension. Furthermore, we study how extension influences the approximation power and the condition of Gramian matrices associated with the basis, and present a series of examples illustrating the potential of the method.
Flow induced by a line sink near a vertical wall in a fluid with a free surface, Part II: finite depth
Authors: Mansoor Wafaa F. , Hocking Graeme C. , Farrow Duncan E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlow caused by a line sink near a vertical wall in an otherwise stagnant fluid with a free surface is studied. A linear solution for small flow rates is obtained and a numerical method based on fundamental singularities techniques is applied to the full nonlinear problem. The sink is located at an arbitrary location away from all boundaries and the fluid is of finite depth. Steady solutions are presented for various flow rates and sink location. It is shown that the numerical results and linear solutions are in good agreement for small flow rates. The results suggest that steady nonlinear solutions are limited to flow rates below some critical value. Some interesting surface shapes are obtained depending on the location of the sink.
Why and When is Pure Moral Motivation Defective
Authors: Heering David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAgents sometimes have a final, de dicto desire to do what is right. They desire to do what is right for its own sake and under this description. These agents have pure moral motivation (PMM). It is often surmised that PMM is in some sense defective. Most famously, it has been suggested that PMM manifests a kind of moral fetishism. However, it also seems defective if an agent shows no concern whatsoever for moral rightness in their motivations. In this paper, I attempt to resolve this puzzling tension. I argue, first, that PMM is defective insofar as it manifests a failure to respond to reasons. I argue, second, that not every instance of PMM manifests a responsiveness failure. In particular, we need to distinguish between the de dicto final desire to do what is right and the de dicto final desire to do what is right for the right reasons.