bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water seepage and retention in purple soil bunds on sloping farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China
Authors: Luo Yingli , Wei Jie , Tang Qiang , Gan Fengling , Li Juanjuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil bunds are a common land reconstruction practice in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China, and play a key role in runoff regulation and soil conservation on cultivated hillslopes. This study investigated water movement pathways and retaining effects of soil bunds using water transport trajectory observations inferred from field dye tracing experiments. It was found that water infiltration in the bund was characterised by spatial heterogeneity in three dimensions. The stained area ratio (SAR) of the bund was much lower than that of the adjacent field at all depths. Dye patterns resembled inclined strips in the bund, and lateral seepage occurred mainly on the top of hard pan. SAR, stained path width (SPW) <20 mm, and stained path number (SPN) all decreased with increasing horizontal distance. The SPW <20 mm proportion and SAR both decreased according to a logarithmic function, while the changing trend of SPN followed a first‐order exponential decay. Three pathways of water movement in the bund could be distinguished, namely, vertical infiltration, lateral seepage and flow along the bund–bedrock interface. The primary water seepage channel in the bund was likely to be the bund–bedrock interface (accounting for around 80% of the total flow). These results provide preliminary realisation of water movement mechanisms in the purple soil bunds on sloping farmland and inform management options for bund stability maintenance.
Alpha‐Ketoglutarate Attenuates Colitis in Mice by IncreasingLactobacillusAbundance and Regulating Stem Cell Proliferation via Wnt‐Hippo Signaling
Authors: Si Xuemeng , Jia Hai , Liu Ning , Li Jun , Pan Lina , Wang Jiaqi , Wu Zhenlong 
Published: February 2022

ScopeInflammatory bowel disease is an inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder associated with intestinal barrier damage, cell proliferation disorder, and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. It remains unknown whether alpha‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) can alleviate colitis in mice.Methods and resultsSix‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice supplemented with or without 0.5% α‐KG (delivered in the form of sodium salt) are subjected to drinking water or 2.5% DSS to induce colitis. The results show that α‐KG administration is attenuated the severity of colitis, as is indicated by reduced body‐weight loss, colon shortening and colonic hyperplasia, and repressed proinflammatory cytokine secretion in DSS‐challenged mice. Additionally, DSS‐induced increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels are attenuated by α‐KG administration. Further study shows that the protective effect of α‐KG is associated with restoring gut barrier integrity by enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins, increasingLactobacilluslevels, and regulating gut hyperplasia by the Wnt‐Hippo signaling pathway in DSS‐induced colitis.ConclusionCollectively, the data provided herein demonstrate that α‐KG administration is attenuated mucosal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and gut microflora dysbiosis. This beneficial effect is associated with increasedLactobacilluslevels and regulated colon hyperplasia by the Wnt‐Hippo signaling pathway.
Service evaluation of telehealth in a physiotherapy musculoskeletal setting: Patient outcomes and results from risk stratification
Authors: Slattery Brian , Ackerman Lyndsey , Jagadamma Kavi C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to COVID‐19 the ability to see all patients face‐to‐face (FTF) was removed. Services implemented telehealth to cater for patients requiring musculoskeletal care. A service evaluation was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a mixed telehealth/FTF approach and identify if stratifying patients could help tailor intervention.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data collected from patients who were assessed by Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists in one Scottish health board was undertaken. Patients were divided into low, medium and high risk sub‐groups through the Keele STarT MSK tool. Outcome measures for pain and musculoskeletal health were taken at baseline/discharge along with satisfaction/preference. Descriptive and Inferential statistical analysis was conducted to establish whether changes in the outcome measures within and between risk sub‐groups were statistically significant.ResultsPain level difference from baseline to discharge demonstrated clinically and statistically significant improvements across all risk groups (N = 89). Musculoskeletal health demonstrated clinically significant improvements across all risk groups and statistically significant improvements in the medium/high risk groups but not the low risk. Patients with knee osteoarthritis and low back pain in the medium risk group had fewest appointments while patients with chronic shoulder pain had the most. The majority of patients were satisfied with all mediums but preferred FTF or an option between telehealth/FTF in the future.ConclusionTelehealth is a promising model of care when utilised in combination with FTF for patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Through stratification, identifying specific conditions and shared decision making it may be possible to treat certain patient groups via telehealth.
Vertical frequency‐domain compliance of an elastic pipe pile embedded in a liquid‐filled and porous‐viscoelastic soil
Authors: Zhang Shiping , Xu Zhan , Deng Chen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe analytical dynamic compliance of an elastic pipe pile fully buried in a fluid‐filled and porous‐viscoelastic soil stratum resting on rigid bedrock and subjected to a vertical time‐harmonic load is proposed. In this study, the Hamilton's principle of dynamics is employed to establish the governing equations for the pipe pile, which is treated as a two‐dimensional (2D) hollow bar structure. The outer and inner soil media surrounding the pipe pile are considered as three‐dimensional (3D), homogenous, and liquid‐saturated porous continuum, besides they are described by the porous‐elastic media model proposed by de Boer. The governing equations for the pipe pile and the soils are solved with the aid of the separation technique of variables, and also utilizing the boundary and contact conditions of the pipe pile and the soils. Then, the analytical solution for the vertical dynamic compliance of the pipe pile is derived. By comparing with the existing solutions and finite element model (FEM), the results from the newly proposed method confirm its validation. Comparative analyses of numerical examples are finally conducted to reveal the variations and response principle of the dynamic compliance of the pipe pile under different material/geometry parameters.
Time scales in the primary and secondary compression of soils
Authors: Liu Yingxiao , Borja Ronaldo I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe last several decades have seen a surge of papers dealing with analytical and semi‐analytical solutions to the problem of one‐dimensional consolidation of soils. But rarely has any of these contributions focused on the time scales arising from combined primary and secondary compression. Primary compression has always been attributed to the dissipation of excess pore pressure as fluid is expelled from the soil skeleton to the drainage boundaries. However, there have been several schools of thought when it comes to the process governing the secondary compression. In this paper, we attribute the secondary compression to any of the following processes occurring either individually or in combination: (a) rate‐dependent (viscoplastic) constitutive response of the soil skeleton; (b) existence of a secondary pore scale system that expels fluid from the smaller‐scale pores to the larger‐scale pores; and (c) delayed compression due to creep following Bjerrum's concept of secondary consolidation. Contributions of the present work include closed‐form analytical solutions to the problem of combined primary and secondary compression of soils in one dimension, as well as a quantitative analysis of the time scales involved in such coupled hydromechanical processes.
Circumcision bleeding rates in patients diagnosed with delta‐storage pool deficiency later in life
Authors: Absi Hebah Al , Stein Dagmar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMale circumcision is a common procedure, generally performed during the newborn period. Bleeding is an uncommon but feared complication of circumcision. Few reports have evaluated circumcision bleeding rates in patients with bleeding disorders.ObjectivesTo study circumcision bleeding rates in male subjects who were diagnosed later in life with delta‐storage pool deficiency (δ‐SPD).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of male subjects (≤18 years of age) who were circumcised without hemostatic prophylaxis prior to δ‐SPD diagnosis from 2000 to 2020. Bleeding rates and severity were the main outcomes evaluated. We collected demographic data, bleeding scores using a validated assessment tool, laboratory data, and platelet electron microscopy results. A descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty‐five male subjects were included. The median bleeding score at presentation was 3.5 (range: 2–9). The diagnosis was confirmed using platelet electron microscopy. A value of <2 dense granules/platelet was considered abnormal. Circumcision was performed at a median age of 2 days (range: 1 day to 4 months). None of the subjects had intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. With a bleeding rate of zero, we suggest that newborn males with a family history of δ‐SPD may be safely circumcised without hemostatic prophylaxis.
Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties enhancement of CF/PPBESK thermoplastic composites by introducing graphene
Authors: Wang Bing , Li Nan , Cheng Shan , Hu Fangyuan , Li Guiyang , Guo Hongjun , Liu Cheng , Chen Yousi , Jian Xigao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDesign and preparation structure/function integrated polymer composites with high thermal conductivities and ideal mechanical properties have attracted widespread attention. Nanoscale graphene were employed to fabricate the thermal‐structural integration graphene/carbon fiber/copoly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) composites via solution prepreg followed by hot‐compression method. The thermal conductivity (λ) and mechanical properties were all improved with the formation of graphene thermally conductive self‐reinforced network. The thermal conductivity was increased to 1.057 W/(m K) by 89.8% higher than the pure carbon fiber composites. Moreover, the flexural strength (1878 MPa), compressive strength (907 MPa) and interlaminar shear strength (66 MPa) of graphene‐modified composites improved with 22.1%, 51.9%, and 24.5% than the conventional composites, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis has proved that graphene/carbon fiber/copoly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) composites had excellent high temperature mechanical properties, which presented a great potential for structure/function integrated composites.
Noninvasive prenatal testing of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a twin gestation
Authors: Kong Lingrong , Li Shaojun , Zhao Zhenhua , Feng Jun , Liu Lina , Tang Weiqin , Zhang Haichuan , Wu Di , Sun Luming , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeHaplotype‐based assay has been proved efficient in noninvasive prenatal testing for various monogenic disorders in singleton pregnancies. However, its application in twin pregnancies is still blank. Here we provide a novel algorithmic approach to noninvasively assess fetal genotypes in a dizygotic twin pregnancy at risk for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodsOne pregnant woman carrying a dizygotic twin gestation was recruited as she was a heterozygote of DMD gene duplication and has delivered an affected son. Construction of parental haplotypes was achieved by target sequencing of DNA samples from the parent and the proband. Single nucleotide polymorphisms within target regions were classified into six categories according to parental haplotypes. Individual fetal fractions were calculated using paternal heterozygous. Maternal‐inherited haplotype was deduced using relative haplotype dosage through a two‐step Bayesian model.ResultsOne male fetus with a lower fetal fraction of 4.6% and one female fetus with a higher fetal fraction of 10.1% were observed. The male fetus was predicted to be a DMD pathogenic variant carrier, while the female fetus was predicted to be homozygous normal. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results were concordant with the findings of invasive prenatal diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study is the first report of the use of NIPT for the assessment of DMD in a twin pregnancy. The algorithm provided could expand the use of NIPT to monogenic disorders in dizygotic twin pregnancies.
Consequences of imprecision in fetal fraction estimation on performance of cell‐free DNA screening for Down syndrome
Authors: Persson Fredrik , Cuckle Howard S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a significant variability in reported fetal fraction (FF), a common cause for no‐calls in cell‐free (cf)DNA based non‐invasive prenatal screening. We examine the effect of imprecision in FF measurement on the performance of cfDNA screening for Down syndrome, when low FF samples are classified as no‐calls.MethodsA model for the reported FF was constructed from the FF measurement precision and the underlying true FF. The model was used to predict singleton Down syndrome detection rates (DRs) for various FF cut‐offs and underlying discriminatory powers of the test.ResultsIncreasing the FF cut‐off led to slightly increased apparent DR, when no‐calls are excluded, and an associated larger decrease in effective DR, when no‐calls are included. These effects were smaller for tests with higher discriminatory power and larger as maternal weight increased.ConclusionsMost no‐calls due to a low reported FF have a true FF above the cut‐off. The discriminatory power of a test limits its effective DR and FF precision determines the tradeoff between apparent and effective DR when low FF is used to discard samples. Tests with high discriminatory power do not benefit from current FF measurements.
Integration of Bayesian network with fuzzy analytical hierarchy process for determining the pipeline conditions
Authors: Sulaiman Nurul Sa'aadah , Tan Henry , Zardasti Libriati , Md Noor Norhazilan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evaluation of subsea pipeline conditions and the calculation of the likelihood of failures are among the important factors for effective maintenance decision‐making. Traditional qualitative methods to calculate the likelihood of failures are subjective, highly dependent on the experience and knowledge of the decision‐makers, and suffer data limitations. Thus, the calculated likelihood of failures may not reflect the actual value, resulting in an improper maintenance program. In this work, an analysis of subsea pipeline conditions based on a Bayesian Network was proposed to handle knowledge uncertainties and assist in decision‐making. This work aims to elucidate the conversion of experts' perceptions into a pseudo‐quantitative likelihood for conditional probability tables (CPTs) elicitation for the proposed Bayesian network. The experts' opinion was transformed into a more crisp value to be integrated with the objective data for accurate determination of the failure likelihood. The formulation to predict the likelihood of pipeline failures that relies on experts' perceptions was developed using the artificial intelligent fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) with the decomposition method. The proposed pseudo‐quantitative formulation was established and was able to complement the existing risk‐based model, which enabled the making of more informed pipeline maintenance decisions. The approach assisted the experts in eliciting the probabilities of nodes with emphasis on generating the conditional probabilities of the nodes with multiple parents.
The safener isoxadifen‐ethyl confers fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl resistance on a biotype of Echinochloa crus‐galli
Authors: Cutti Luan , Rigon Carlos Alberto Gonsiorkiewicz , Girelli Natane , Angonese Paula Sinigaglia , Ulguim André da Rosa , Merotto Aldo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome herbicides are commercially formulated with safeners to increase crop selectivity. Fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl is formulated with the safener isoxadifen‐ethyl for Echinochloa crus‐galli control in rice. Safeners act on crops by increasing herbicide metabolism, but this effect may also occur in weeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the safener isoxadifen‐ethyl on the resistance to fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl in a biotype of E. crus‐galli.RESULTSA screening of 52 biotypes identified lack of control in the biotype SANTPAT‐R treated with the recommended dose of 69 g ha−1 of the commercial formulation of fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl with the safener isoxadifen‐ethyl. While this biotype survived doses greater than 2208 g ha−1 of the formulation fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl + isoxadifen‐ethyl, it was killed with 69 g ha−1 of fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl without the safener. A glutathione‐s‐transferase (GST) enzymes inhibitor reduced the resistance factor in two dose–response curves. A minor effect of a CytP450 inhibitor was observed. The previous spraying of the safener isoxadifen‐ethyl followed by fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl induced survival in the resistant but not in the susceptible biotype. The GST1 and GSTF1 genes were up‐regulated in the resistant biotype. ACCase gene mutations were not found, and no cross‐resistance to other ACCase inhibitors was identified.CONCLUSIONThe safener isoxadifen‐ethyl present in the commercial herbicide formulation of fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl is associated with resistance in the E. crus‐galli SANTPAT‐R biotype. This resistance is related with herbicide metabolization mediated by GST pathways. This is the first field‐selected weed biotype with herbicide resistance due to safener presence in the sprayed formulation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Decreased dissimilarity of turbulent transport attributed to large eddies
Authors: Lan Changxing , Wang Baomin , Zheng Dan , Wang Ye , Zhang Zhijie , Fang Renzhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA number of studies have brought up that turbulent transport dissimilarity between momentum and scalars, and even among scalars, is a distinct feature of the unstable boundary layer, affecting the performance of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. Although the source/sink distribution of scalars, as well as the top‐down entrainment processes, are identified as being responsible for affecting transport dissimilarity, less is known about the role of bulk‐shear‐generated non‐local large eddies. Using data collected by an eddy covariance system mounted on a 70‐m meteorological tower over a complex rural area, decreased transport dissimilarity with enhanced wind shear is observed during daytime unstable conditions, prompting our interest in the underlying governing mechanisms. Enhanced wind shear increases the intensity of coherent large eddies, with spectra analysis confirming that large eddies with scales larger than 0.3 (in the normalized frequency) are mainly responsible for the enhanced correlation of fluxes. Moreover, this process is operating on large eddies with minimal phase differences. With enhanced wind shear, fluctuations of scalars within these non‐local large eddies become synchronous. Due to the enhanced ejections of large eddies under strong wind shears, fluxes are transported evenly, thereby resulting in decreased transport dissimilarity.
SIA 2057 – Merkblatt zum Glasbau in der Schweiz
Authors: Wüest Thomas , Stöckli Thomas , Fildhuth Thiemo , Luible Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn der Schweiz gab es bisher keine Bemessungsgrundlage basierend auf einer nationalen Norm für Glas, weshalb zumeist unterschiedliche, ältere und neuere, ausländische Regelwerke angewendet wurden. Dies führte in der Vergangenheit immer wieder zu Problemen, auch da das Normenverständnis in der Schweiz anders geprägt ist als z. B. in Deutschland. Im August 2021 wurde das SIA‐Merkblatt 2057 Glasbau veröffentlicht, welches diese Lücke schließt und einheitliche Grundlagen für die Schweizer Baubranche schafft. Unter der Berücksichtigung neuester Erkenntnisse aus Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft wird ein breites Anwendungsspektrum von Glasanwendungen und Bauteilen behandelt. Das Merkblatt 2057 folgt den bewährten SIA‐Grundsätzen, nur dort zu reglementieren, wo es notwendig ist, um auch Innovationen zuzulassen. Neben einfachen Methoden steht es Ingenieuren und Ingenieurinnen frei, alternative und innovative Wege zu beschreiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt das Merkblatt 2057 in seinen Grundzügen und im Kontrast zu vergleichbaren Regelwerken vor.
Benefits of incorporating point of care ultrasound in the anaesthetic management of a dog requiring surgical correction of traumatic zygomatic fracture causing pseudoankylosis and severe dental malocclusion
Authors: Phillips Victoria , Ferreira Jacques 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 1‐year‐old male lurcher, weighing 19.5 kg, required general anaesthesia for correction of pseudoankylosis of the left temporomandibular joint. Severe left‐sided maxillomandibular and nasal deviation resulting in dental malocclusion was present with subsequent bilateral masseter muscle atrophy. Retrograde intubation was successfully performed using point of care ultrasonography to confirm percutaneous introduction of a catheter and vascular guide wire in the tracheal lumen which, when advanced rostrally, exiting the mouth via an occlusal gap, allowed ‘railroading’ of an armoured endotracheal tube into the extrathoracic trachea. A state of light general anaesthesia was maintained using total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and medetomidine continuous rate infusions. Complete anti‐nociception provided by ultrasound‐guided trigeminal nerve blockade using bupivacaine was performed. Surgery restored sufficient range of motion to the temporomandibular joint permitting opening of the mouth. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful, and µ‐opioid analgesia was only required 18 hours after termination of surgery.
Collaborative Transformations: Circular Economy Strategies in Europe
Authors: Godina Košir Ladeja , Kuenkel Petra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter looks at ways of strengthening transformations towards a Circular Economy in Europe. The current economic system is plundering the planet and endangering the quality of life of future generations. Extractive economies take resources, produce goods and drop waste, as if resource could never get depleted, and waste would not accumulate as environmental threat. Mindset shifts are underway, because resources are increasingly getting scarce, greenhouse gas emissions have reached a point which lets people begin to experience the volatility of the future, and connections between the climate crisis and the health crisis are apparent. Yet, there is a tendency to believe, circularity is mainly about technology. But a Circular Economy approach is more than recycling: it includes many aspects of actions that lead to an overall regenerative operating system at the core of economic activities. Practitioner pioneers require support from Governments, and without national strategies and roadmaps, pathways to regenerative future will be underutilized. This chapter looks at the need for collaborative approaches to transformative change. The most important strategies get highlighted, and the challenges elaborated. The chapter concludes with recommendations to governments and other relevant stakeholders on how to drive the transitiontowards Circular Economies.