bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funding ventures similar to one of us: How status dynamics within heterogeneous groups affect venture evaluation
Authors: Shen Xirong (Subrina) , Kim Heeyon , Li Jizhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine how status dynamics in heterogeneous evaluator groups affect the evaluation of a target venture where some evaluators resemble the venture team while some do not. Using data from a funding competition in China, we theorize and empirically show that the emergence of a status hierarchy among evaluator group members based on top‐university affiliation leads non‐top‐university members to favor top‐university venture teams by (a) increasing the visibility and positive value of top‐university affiliation as a quality signal and (b) suppressing challenging questions directed at top‐university teams. By introducing small group status dynamics as an explanation for similarity bias in venture evaluation, we contribute to the literature on resource mobilization in early‐stage entrepreneurship.Managerial SummaryDespite the wide use of heterogeneous teams in venture evaluation, similarity bias—a preference for venture teams that resemble the members of an evaluation group—is still prevalent. This study shows that, under certain conditions, heterogeneous evaluation teams might not be a solution for similarity bias. We identify a group‐level source of similarity bias—the emergence of a status hierarchy among evaluators based on affiliation with top universities—which makes top‐university affiliation a more salient and positive quality signal in venture evaluation, particularly for evaluators who are not affiliated with top universities.
Do managers capture the value they create? Drivers of managers' value capture in a large retail chain
Authors: De Stefano Federica , Bidwell Matthew , Camuffo Arnaldo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe investigate the relationship between value creation and value capture among frontline managers. Using longitudinal data from a restaurant chain, we find that those managers who persistently create more value for the firm capture just 0.5% of that extra value through their pay. We explore the reasons for this limited managerial value capture using an abductive approach. We find some evidence that value capture may be limited by lack of alternative employment opportunities. More extensive evidence suggests that the employer often struggled to identify individual contributions to value creation, limiting managerial rewards. We discuss the theoretical implications of such limited managerial value capture for the strategic human capital literature.Managerial SummaryFrontline managers can differ in how much they contribute to firm profitability. Do those managers who contribute the most to firm performance also capture those benefits back through higher pay? In a study of restaurant managers, we find that managers differ substantially in the profits that they create, but that the most profitable managers only capture 0.5% of the extra profits they create. We also find evidence that the firm often fails to identify which managers are the most persistently profitable, potentially reducing the rewards paid to those managers. By demonstrating that differences in performance are not balanced by differences in pay, we show how high‐performing managers can be an important strategic resource for organizations.
Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances
Authors: Gözen Irep , Köksal Elif Senem , Põldsalu Inga , Xue Lin , Spustova Karolina , Pedrueza‐Villalmanzo Esteban , Ryskulov Ruslan , Meng Fanda , Jesorka Aldo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe origin of life is still one of humankind's great mysteries. At the transition between nonliving and living matter, protocells, initially featureless aggregates of abiotic matter, gain the structure and functions necessary to fulfill the criteria of life. Research addressing protocells as a central element in this transition is diverse and increasingly interdisciplinary. The authors review current protocell concepts and research directions, address milestones, challenges and existing hypotheses in the context of conditions on the early Earth, and provide a concise overview of current protocell research methods.
Incorporating Boron into Niobic Acid Nanosheets Enables Generation of Multiple Reactive Oxygen Species for Superior Antibacterial Action
Authors: Ran Bei , Ran Lei , Hou Jungang , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic therapy is an alternative antibacterial pathway but most photocatalysts are limited by light absorption, charge transfer and insufficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, the authors utilize boron doped niobic acid nanosheets (B‐HNbO3 NSs) as a superior photocatalytic antibacterial platform. The experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) confirm that superior photocatalytic therapy activity is mainly due to boron doping, which not only promotes the generation and separation of electrons and holes, but also enhances the adsorption of water and oxygen molecules on B‐HNbO3 NSs. Consequently, multiple ROS including hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O2−), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are generated under light irradiation, resulting in outstanding bacterial killing ability of B‐HNbO3 NSs. Besides, oxygen is produced during the therapy process, thus alleviating the inflammatory response caused by hypoxia. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations verify that the nanosheet structure makes it possess strong electrostatic attraction for bacterial cell membranes, leading to physical insertion and damage to bacterial cells. Therefore, bactericidal rates for four types of bacteria are all more than 99%, proving its excellent and broad‐spectrum antibacterial capacity. Moreover, B‐HNbO3 NSs could be applied to treat biofilm‐coated medical devices in vivo, suggesting its possibility in practical application.
Liquefied Polysaccharides‐Based Polymer with Tunable Condensed State Structure for Antimicrobial Shield by Multiple Processing Methods
Authors: Yuan Hua , Yang Shiwen , Yan Hao , Guo Jiayi , Zhang Wenchao , Yu Qiao , Yin Xianze , Tan Yeqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe phase behavior of biomolecules containing persistent molecular entities is generally limited due to their characteristic size that exceeds the intermolecular force field. Consequently, favorable properties normally associated with the liquid phase of a substance, such as fluidity or processability, are not relevant for the processing of biomolecules, thus hindering the optimal processing of biomolecules. The implied problem that arises is how to convert folded biomolecules to display a richer phase behavior. To alleviate this dilemma, a generic approach to liquefied polysaccharides‐based polymers is proposed, resulting in a polysaccharide fluid with a tunable condensed state structure (solid‐gel‐liquid). Polysaccharide biobased fluids materials transcend the limits of the physical state of the biobased material itself and can even create completely new properties (different processing methods as well as functions) in a variety of polymeric structures. Considering the solvent incompatible high and low‐temperature applications, this method will have a great influence on the design of nanostructures of biomolecular derivatives and is expected to transform biomass materials such as polysaccharide biopolymers from traditional use to resource use, ultimately leading to the efficient use of biomass materials and their sustainability.
Advancing to 4.6 V Review and Prospect in Developing High‐Energy‐Density LiCoO2 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Si‐Dong , Qi Mu‐Yao , Guo Si‐Jie , Sun Yong‐Gang , Tan Xin‐Xin , Ma Pei‐Zhong , Li Jin‐Yang , Yuan Rong‐Zhong , Cao An‐Min , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLayered LiCoO2 (LCO) is one of the most important cathodes for portable electronic products at present and in the foreseeable future. It becomes a continuous push to increase the cutoff voltage of LCO so that a higher capacity can be achieved, for example, a capacity of 220 mAh g–1 at 4.6 V compared to 175 mAh g–1 at 4.45 V, which is unfortunately accompanied by severe capacity degradation due to the much‐aggravated side reactions and irreversible phase transitions. Accordingly, strict control on the LCO becomes essential to combat the inherent instability related to the high voltage challenge for their future applications. This review begins with a discussion on the relationship between the crystal structures and electrochemical properties of LCO as well as the failure mechanisms at 4.6 V. Then, recent advances in control strategies for 4.6 V LCO are summarized with focus on both bulk structure and surface properties. One closes this review by presenting the outlook for future efforts on LCO‐based lithium ion batteries (LIBs). It is hoped that this work can draw a clear map on the research status of 4.6 V LCO, and also shed light on the future directions of materials design for high energy LIBs.
Die Zweite Hinterrheinbrücke Reichenau – eine 100 Jahre jüngere Schwester
Authors: Galmarini Andreas , Ludin Matthias , Sidler Roman , Firth Ian , Savery Trojaborg Steen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDie Zweite Hinterrheinbrücke ist eine preisgekrönte neue, 200 m lange, eingleisige Eisenbahnbrücke über den Rhein und die Autobahn A 13 in einem malerischen Tal in den Schweizer Alpen. Die vierfeldrige Brücke liegt unmittelbar neben einer historischen Stahlfachwerk‐Eisenbahnbrücke von 1896. Als Zubringer dieses historischen Bauwerks überspannt eine neue, 50 m lange Brücke die Autobahn A 13. Die beiden Brücken wurden an einem sowohl aus Sicht der Verkehrsinfrastruktur als auch der Landschaft und des Kulturerbes äußerst bedeutenden und sensiblen Standort sorgfältig geplant. Die Träger haben einen identischen Trogquerschnitt mit zwei seitlichen trapezförmigen Stahlkästen und einer halb versenkten, quer ausgesteiften Fahrbahnplatte. Die Träger wurden in der Werkstatt in Segmenten hergestellt und auf der Baustelle zu bis zu 50 m langen Einhubsegmenten zusammengesetzt. Das letzte Segment wurde auf den bereits erbauten Teil der Brücke gehoben und über die Autobahn geschoben. Auf der fertigen Brücke wurden vor der Inbetriebnahme mit zwei Lokomotiven Belastungstests durchgeführt. Der Entwurf Sora Giuvna war der Gewinner eines internationalen Wettbewerbs im Jahre 2015.
Differential gene expression in tall fescue tissues in response to water deficit
Authors: Chakrabarti Manohar , Nagabhyru Padmaja , Schardl Christopher L. , Dinkins Randy D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a popular pasture and turf grass particularly known for drought resistance, allowing for its persistence in locations that are unfavorable for other cool‐season grasses. Also, its seed‐borne fungal symbiont (endophyte) Epichloë coenophiala, which resides in the crown and pseudostem, can be a contributing factor in its drought tolerance. Because it contains the apical meristems, crown survival under drought stress is critical to plant survival as well as the endophyte. In this study, we subjected tall fescue plants with their endophyte to water‐deficit stress or, as controls with normal watering, then compared plant transcriptome responses in four vegetative tissues: leaf blades, pseudostem, crown, and roots. A transcript was designated a differentially expressed gene (DEG) if it exhibited at least a twofold expression difference between stress and control samples with an adjusted p value of .001. Pathway analysis of the DEGs across all tissue types included photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, cellular organization, and a transcriptional regulation. While no specific pathway was observed to be differentially expressed in the crown, genes encoding auxin response factors, nuclear pore anchors, structural maintenance of chromosomes, and class XI myosin proteins were more highly differentially expressed in crown than in the other vegetative tissues, suggesting that regulation in expression of these genes in the crown may aid in survival of the meristems in the crown.
Frequency of missed or delayed diagnosis in dementia is associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status
Authors: Holm Ellen , Jacobsen Katja Kemp , de Lony Thea Bang , Lembeck Maurice , Pedersen Hanne , Andersson Charlotte , Johannsen Peter , Jørgensen Terese Sara Høj , Torp‐Pedersen Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionUnderdetection of dementia in areas with low socioeconomic status (SES) may interfere with findings concerning associations between SES and dementia.MethodsUsing administrative registers we assessed the associations between age‐ and sex‐adjusted dementia incidence and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) in 94 Danish municipalities. Wealth was divided into income quartiles and other nSES variables were dichotomized into high versus low according to the median.ResultsHigh population density (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.24), higher proportion of inhabitants in higher income quartiles (P for trend < .0001), and high educational level (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15–1.22) were associated with higher incidence of dementia. High proportion of residents above 65 years was associated with lower age‐adjusted dementia incidence (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84–0.89).DiscussionLow nSES municipalities have a lower age‐adjusted incidence of dementia diagnosis. These findings corroborate prior concerns that a large number of dementia diagnoses may be missed in municipalities characterized by low SES.
Evaluating South African and Namibian governments’ use of digital media during Covid‐19
Authors: Sitto Karabo , Lubinga Elizabeth , Chiumbu Sarah , Sobane Konosoang , Mpofu Nkosinothando 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGovernments during the Covid‐19 pandemic in response to the challenge of reaching as many of their citizens as quickly as possible have relied on the use of digital media communication. Various stakeholders, however, have questioned whether strategic use of digital communication by governments has been effective during the Covid‐19 health crisis. We thematically analyzed a public online bi‐country webinar and conducted a netnographic analysis of South African Health Minister Dr. Zweli Mkhize and Namibian Ministry of Health and Social Services Twitter accounts to evaluate the effectiveness of government digital communication during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Stakeholders and social media analysis highlight that government digital communication has lacked engagement, falling short in assisting citizens to understand the effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic. We highlight the shortcomings of governments simply transmitting information on channels built for dialogue, the digital divide limiting reach, as well as how limited engagement opens up opportunities for misinformation.
Ten dimensional symmetry of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM correlators
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Coronado Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider four-point correlation functions of protected single-trace scalar operators in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM). We conjecture that all loop corrections derive from an integrand which enjoys a ten-dimensional symmetry. This symmetry combines spacetime and R-charge transformations. By considering a 10D light-like limit, we extend the correlator/amplitude duality by equating large R-charge octagons with Coulomb branch scattering amplitudes. Using results from integrability, this predicts new finite amplitudes as well as some Feynman integrals.
Investigating hole making performance of Al 2024-T3/Ti-6Al-4V alloy stacks: A comparative study of conventional drilling, peck drilling and helical milling
Authors: Ge Jia , Reji Rincy , Feist Toby , Elmore Alexander , McClelland John , Higgins Colm , McLaughlin Brian , Jin Yan , Sun Dan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work reports a comparative study on different hole making methods, namely conventional drilling, peck drilling and helical milling, for Al 2024-T3/Ti-6Al-4V stacks in aircraft applications. The impacts of different hole making methods with constant or varied machining parameters across the stacked structures have been investigated. The resulting exit burr, hole surface roughness/microstructural change and fatigue behaviour of the machined stacks have been characterized in detail. Results show that the exit burr formation is most severe for conventional drilling and least burr is produced in helical milling coupons. Deploying varying parameters (i.e. optimal parameters for each individual metal layer) across the stacks can effectively reduce the burr formation in conventional drilling and peck drilling. 3D surface morphology shows that Al 2024-T3 hole surface contains multiple scratches and trenches, while Ti-6Al-4V hole surface features regular feed marks. Helical milling leads to the highest Al 2024-T3 hole surface roughness, which can be attributed to the abrasion caused by the evacuated Ti-6Al-4V chips. Sub-surface microstructural analysis shows that the Ti-6Al-4V layer is more prone to machining-induced microstructural change (i.e. white layer formation and/or grain plastic deformation along machining direction). The relatively low fatigue performance of stacks produced by conventional drilling and peck drilling with constant parameters can be related to the presence of the brittle Ti-6Al-4V white layer in these coupons. Deploying varied parameters across stacks in conventional drilling and peck drilling can effectively eliminate Ti-6Al-4V white layer formation and improve the stacks fatigue life by 72% and 38%, respectively. Helical milling leads to the longest stack fatigue life (~ 100% and 40% greater than conventional drilling and peck drilling, respectively).
Anatomic risk factors for the occurrence of medial talar osteochondral lesions: a case–control study
Authors: Sonnow Lena , Pacha Tarek Omar , Richter Maximilian , Yapar Dilek , Cetin Mustafa , Celik Omer Faruk , Kose Ozkan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to determine the anatomical risk factors that may play a role in the etiology of medial-sided osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) using morphological parameters in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Subjects and methods
One hundred twenty-four patients with medial-sided OLT and age- and sex-matched 124 controls were included in this retrospective study. Two examiners conducted independent OLT classification and measurements of five MRI parameters: tibial axis-medial malleolus angle (TMM), the anterior opening angle of the talus (AOT), talus position (TalPos), the ratio of the distal tibial articular surface to the length of the trochlea tali arc (TAS/TAL), depth of the incisura fibularis (IncDep). Statistical analysis included intraclass correlation coefficients, independent t-tests, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the curve (AUC) calculation, and logistic regression analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
TTM, AOT, TalPos, and TAL values were significantly higher and the TAS/TAL ratio was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Cut-off and AUC values for TMM were 15.15° (AUC 0.763), AOT 13.05° (AUC 0.826), TalPos 0.75 mm (AUC 0.887), TAL 35.45 mm (AUC 0.642), and TAS/TAL ratio 0.82 (AUC 0.784), p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results were odds ratio (OR) = 6.1 for TMM ≥ 15.15°, OR = 8.9 for AOT ≥ 13.05°, OR = 36.1 for TalPos ≥ 0.75 mm, and OR = 6.7 for TAS/TAL ratio ≤ 0.82.

Conclusion
Ankle morphology might have an influence on OLT development. The talus position (TalPos) and anterior opening angle of the talus (AOT) seemed to be the strongest predisposing factors.
Increasing trees and high-albedo surfaces decreases heat impacts and mortality in Los Angeles, CA
Authors: Kalkstein Laurence S. , Eisenman David P. , de Guzman Edith B. , Sailor David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is a pressing need for strategies to prevent the heat-health impacts of climate change. Cooling urban areas through adding trees and vegetation and increasing solar reflectance of roofs and pavements with higher albedo surface materials are recommended strategies for mitigating the urban heat island. We quantified how various tree cover and albedo scenarios would impact heat-related mortality, temperature, humidity, and oppressive air masses in Los Angeles, California, and quantified the number of years that climate change–induced warming could be delayed in Los Angeles if interventions were implemented. Using synoptic climatology, we used meteorological data for historical summer heat waves, classifying days into discrete air mass types. We analyzed those data against historical mortality data to determine excess heat-related mortality. We then used the Weather Research and Forecasting model to explore the effects that tree cover and albedo scenarios would have, correlating the resultant meteorological data with standardized mortality data algorithms to quantify potential reductions in mortality. We found that roughly one in four lives currently lost during heat waves could be saved. We also found that climate change–induced warming could be delayed approximately 40–70 years under business-as-usual and moderate mitigation scenarios, respectively.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: analysis of variables influencing the interpretation of clinical trial results in NAFLD
Authors: Ampuero Javier , Gallego-Durán Rocío , Maya-Miles Douglas , Montero Rocío , Gato Sheila , Rojas Ángela , Gil Antonio , Muñoz Rocío , Romero-Gómez Manuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNAFLD clinical trials have shown suboptimal results, particularly for liver fibrosis, despite the robust preclinical drug development. We aimed to assess the histological response after the experimental treatment versus placebo by carrying out a meta-analysis of NAFLD clinical trials.MethodsAfter a systematic review of NAFLD clinical trials to May 2021, applying strict selection criteria, the following primary outcomes were observed: (a) NASH resolution, with no worsening of fibrosis when available; (b) fibrosis improvement  ≥ 1 stage, with no worsening of NAS when available; (c) worsening of NAS; (d) worsening of liver fibrosis  ≥ 1 stage, including the progression to cirrhosis on histopathology. Other histological, clinical, and biochemical outcomes were considered secondary endpoints. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and univariable meta-regression.ResultsTwenty-seven randomized clinical trials were included. The pooled efficacy for NASH resolution receiving experimental therapy was 19% (95%CI 15–23;I296.2%) compared with placebo 10% (95%CI 7–12;I285.8%) (OR 1.66 (95%CI 1.24–2.21);I257.8%), while it was 26% (95%CI 22–29);I290%)) versus 18% (95%CI 15–21;I259%)) for fibrosis improvement (OR 1.34 (95%CI 1.13–1.58);I225.4%). For these outcomes, the therapy showed higher efficacy in trials longer than 48 weeks, with  < 60% of diabetic population, and when it targeted FXR, PPAR, and antidiabetic mechanisms, and with a NAS  < 5 for NASH resolution. Also, NASH (OR 0.57 (95%CI 0.39–0.84);I267%) and fibrosis worsening (OR 0.65 (95%CI 0.46–0.92);I261.9%) were prevented with the therapy.ConclusionThis meta-analysis provides information about the efficacy of the therapy versus placebo by comparing different and combined trial outcomes such as NASH resolution, fibrosis improvement, and NAS and fibrosis worsening. Changes in the experimental design and selection criteria of the clinical trials might be suitable to increase the efficacy.