bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of human papillomavirus (HPV) as specified by the detection method, gender, and year of sampling: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Finan Ramzi R. , Chemaitelly Hiam , Racoubian Eddie , Aimagambetova Gulzhanat , Almawi Wassim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose.
This study assesses HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Lebanon, and to identify differentials in HPV infection, infection with multiple genotypes, and with high-risk genotypes, by sex, age, and year of data collection.
Methods.
Study participants comprised 1,042 female and 160 male participants between 2006–2018. HPV genotyping was done by PCR and hybridization (2006–2013) or real-time PCR (2013 onwards). Diversity of HPV genotypes across gender, age groups, and years of data collection was tested by applying Shannon Diversity Index.
Results.
The overall HPV prevalence was 44.8% among study participants, and 3-fold higher in women than men. Single HPV infection was seen in two-third of HPV-positive participants. Women were less likely to be infected with multiple HPV strains, but more likely to be infected with high-risk or mixed risk HPV genotypes. HPV16 (11.0%, 9.8%) and HPV53 (8.5%, 4.9%) were the most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes in women and men, respectively, while HPV18 prevalence was 4.9% in men and 3.1% in women, while HPV59 prevalence was 6.6% in men and 2.1% in women. Samples collected post-2011 from women showed twice higher odds of HPV infection than those collected earlier and were 3-fold more likely to be infected with multiple HPV strains, and twice more likely to be infected with high-risk genotypes compared to those tested earlier. Women scored higher on Shannon index indicating high diversity in HPV types and frequency, with trend of increased diversity over time. While the odds of HPV infection remained associated with sex and temporal trend in multivariable analysis, odds of having high-risk genotypes was mainly associated with infection with multiple HPV strains.
Conclusion.
Our study showed high diversity in HPV genotypes and an increasing trend of infection with multiple and high-risk genotypes in recent years. Findings underscore the need for effective screening/surveillance and HPV vaccination programs.
Selection and Performance of AM Superalloys for High-Speed Flight Environments
Authors: James William Sean , Ganguly Supriyo , Pardal Goncalo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In developing the Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process for the manufacture of components used in high-speed flight environments, a selection process for suitable alloys was devised. Using elevated temperature material properties from literature sources, creep-resistant alloys were down selected based on the requirement for service in a high temperature, high stress environment and the need for an alloy suitable for additive manufacturing using a wire-arc process. Down selected alloys Inconel 718 (IN718), Rene 41 (RE41), Haynes 188 (H188) and Inconel 625 (IN625) were deposited by a plasma transferred arc WAAM process in an oxygen-controlled environment. The structures were built then underwent mechanical testing. The performance of as deposited material was then compared against wrought alloy data from literature. Tensile testing at room temperature revealed a correlation with similarly strengthened IN718 & RE41, but no correlation with solution strengthened H188 and IN625. Results revealed that the AM material did not meet the wrought strength and with performance varying depending on each alloy’s strengthening mechanism. Results illustrate the need for further processing to return the mechanical performance to wrought values.
Fast in vivo assay of creatine kinase in human brain by 31P magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Widmaier Mark , Lim Song-I , Wenz Daniel , Xin Lijing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A new and efficient magnetisation transfer 31P magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MT-31P-MRF) approach is introduced to measure the creatine kinase metabolic rate kCK between phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in human brain. The MRF framework is extended to overcome challenges in conventional 31P measurement methods in the human brain in vivo by reducing specific absorption rate deposition, incorporating system imperfection into a model, and testing a range of values for each parameter to arrive at their estimation. To compute complex high-dimensional datasets, we propose a nested iteration interpolation method (NIIM). As the number of parameters to estimate increases, the size of the dictionary grows exponentially. NIIM can reduce the computational load by breaking dictionary matching into subsolutions of linear computational order. The MT-31P-MRF combined with the NIIM provides T1PCr , T 1ATP , and kCK estimates in good agreement with those obtained by the exchange kinetics by band inversion transfer (EBIT) method and literature values. Furthermore, the test-retest reproducibility results showed that the MT-31P-MRF achieves less than 10% of the coefficient of variation for T1PCr , T 1ATP , and kCK measurements in 4 min 15 s, which is more than four times faster than the EBIT method. We conclude that MT-31P-MRF in combination with the NIIM is a fast, accurate and reproducible approach for in vivo kCK assays in the human brain, which enables the potential for investigating energy metabolism in a clinical setting.
Immune cell density differences in normal breast lobules of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, women with benign breast disease and healthy research volunteers
Authors: Ogony Joshua , Hoskin Tanya L , Stallings-Mann Melody , Winham Stacey , Brahmbhatt Rushin , Arshad Muhammad Asad , Kannan Nagarajan , Peña Alvaro , Allers Teresa , Brown Alyssa , Sherman Mark E , Visscher Daniel W , Knutson Keith L. , Radisky Derek C , Degnim Amy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer risk is elevated in pathogenic germline BRCA 1/2 mutation carriers due to compromised DNA quality control and elevated mutagenic load. We hypothesized that if immunosurveillance promotes tumor suppression, then normal breast lobules from BRCA carriers may demonstrate higher immune cell densities.
Methods
We assessed immune cell composition in normal breast lobules from age-matched women with progressively increased breast cancer risk, including 1) 19 women who donated normal breast tissue to the Komen Tissue Bank (KTB) at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 2) 15 women with biopsy-identified benign breast disease (BBD), and 3) 19 prophylactic mastectomies from women with germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes. We performed immunohistochemical stains and analysis to quantitate immune cell densities from digital images in up to 10 representative lobules per sample. Median cell counts per mm2 were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.
Results
Compared to BBD tissues, normal breast lobules from BRCA carriers had significantly higher densities of CD8 + cells (median 354.4 vs 200.0 cells/mm2, p = 0.01). Compared to KTB normal donor breast tissues, normal breast lobules from BRCA carriers also had significantly higher densities of CD4+ (median 116.3 vs 17.7 cells/mm2), CD8+ (354.4 vs 150.9 cells/mm2), CD11c+ (3.5% vs 0.4% pixels positive), and CD68+ (237.5 vs 57.8 cells/mm2) immune cells (each p < 0.001).
Conclusions
These preliminary analyses show that normal/benign breast lobules of BRCA mutation carriers contain increased immune cells compared with BBD and normal donated tissues. Future studies will be helpful to define relationships of mutations and immune responses.
Less is more: learning predictability in reversible steganography
Authors: Chang Ching-Chun , Wang Xu , Chen Sisheng , Kiya Hitoshi , Echizen Isao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Artificial neural networks have advanced the frontiers of reversible steganography. The core strength of neural networks is the ability to render accurate predictions for a bewildering variety of data. Residual modulation is recognised as the most advanced reversible steganographic algorithm for digital images. The pivot of this algorithm is predictive analytics in which pixel intensities are predicted given some pixel-wise contextual information. This task can be perceived as a low-level vision problem and hence neural networks for addressing a similar class of problems can be deployed. On top of the prior art, this paper analyses predictability and endows the predictive analytics module with the option to abstain when encountering a high level of uncertainty. Predictability analysis can be formulated as a pixel-level binary classification problem and tackled by both supervised and unsupervised learning. In contrast to conventional statistical analysers, a learning machine can automatically acquire some statistical principles regarding image patterns and simultaneously adapt to a specific predictor. Selective prediction induces fewer and yet predictable pixels designated to carry the payload, which in turn leads to better capacity–imperceptibility performance, reflecting the ‘less is more’ philosophy. Experimental results show that steganographic performance can be remarkably improved by adaptively filtering out the unpredictable pixels with the learning-based predictability analysers.
Evaluation of GeneXpert® in Brazil Through a Historical and Epidemiological Approach
Authors: Iúdice Tirça Naiara da Silva , Conceição Marília Lima da , de Brito Artemir Coelho , de Souza Nicole Menezes , Mesquita Cristal Ribeiro , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Furlaneto Ismari Perini , Saboia Alessandra de Souza , Lourenço Maria Cristina da Silva , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Conceição Emilyn Costa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The Rapid Molecular Test (RMT) Gene Xpert is widely used as a control strategies and surveillance for tuberculosis (TB). In the region of the Americas TB incidence is slowly increasing, owing to an upward trend in Brazil, which is among the high TB burden countries (HBCs) ranking the 19th position. In this context, we aimed to: (i) describe the implementation and history of RMT-TB (Xpert® MTB/RIF and Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra) in Brazil; (ii) to evaluate the national RMT-laboratory distribution and TB and RIF detection by RMT-TB equipment (by year, by federal units and by region); and (iii) to correlate these data the Brazilian TB incidence. Methods: For this, we collected the quantitative data of Xpert® MTB/RIF and Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assays, performed in the pulmonary TB investigation from 2014 to 2020, provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. A spatial visualization using ArcGIS software was performed. Results: The Southeast region allocated about double RMT-laboratories from 39.4% - 45.9% of the total value over five which is the number of regions. Regarding the federal units, the São Paulo state allocated alone from 20.2% to 34.1% (5.0 to 8.5 times the value) of RMT-laboratories depending on the year observed. There were significant differences (p < 0.0001) in the frequency of RMT-laboratory in all years of the historical series. There was an unequal distribution of RMT-laboratory between Brazilian regions and federal units. Conclusions: This alerts for the surveillance of rapid molecular detection of TB in different parts of the country, with the possibility of improving the distribution of tests in areas of higher incidence to achieve the disease control recommended by national and worldwide authorities.
Sex Differences in cognitive impairment and clinical correlates in Chinese patients with subthreshold depression
Authors: Lv Qinyu , Li Xin , Zhang Yao , Lu Daofeng , Lu Jiajing , Xie Qingfang , Li Hong , Wu Yiming , Wang Chongze , Yi Zhenghui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: Subthreshold depression (SD) is a global mental health problem given its high prevalence, comorbidity, functional impairment, and associated with increased service utilization. However, currently little is known about gender differences in SD in cognitive impairment with clinical correlates. The aim of this study was tantamount to explore sex differences in subjective cognitive impairment and clinical associated risk factors in Chinese patients with SD.Methods: A total of 126 SD patients (males/females=40/86, aged 18-45 years) were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The general information, psychological assessments and psychiatric symptom assessments were collected online. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used for depressive symptoms, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was used for anxiety symptoms, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D) was used for the cognitive symptoms. Alexithymia was assessed with 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), including 3 subdomains: Factor 1 (F1) evaluated difficulty identifying feelings; Factor 2 (F2) evaluated difficulty describing feelings to others; Factor 3 (F3) evaluated externally oriented thinking. A multivariate analysis of covariance and regression models were used.Results: Our results showed that female patients had significantly higher PDQ-D-20 total score than male patients. However, there were no significant sex differences in the mean TAS-20 and subdomain score. Notably, F2 contributed to cognitive impairment in men, whereas both PHQ-9 aggregate score and F2 contributed to cognitive impairment in women.Conclusion: These findings revealed significant sex differences in cognitive impairments and clinical correlates in SD, which deserves a follow-up study of SD in the future.
Spherical cap model of epidural hematomas
Authors: Chen Chien-Hua , Liao Chun-Chih , Liao Heng-Chun , Jaw Fu-Shan , Xiao Furen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Epidural hematomas (EDHs), which have a characteristic biconvex shape, are a type of post-traumatic intracranial mass. EDHs and other types of intracranial hematomas are often diagnosed with computed tomography (CT). Based on our half sphere model of the supratentorial brain parenchyma, we modeled the geometry of EDHs with two spherical caps. Applying the relationship between the sphere radius, spherical cap height, and base circle radius, we derived formulas for the shape of an EDH, relating its largest diameter and location to the other two diameters. We also estimated EDH volumes using the spherical cap volume and conventional ABC formulas. We then constructed a lookup table accordingly. Our model was verified using EDH diameter measurements in 14 CT image sets from previously reported patients. With our model, the number of parameters needed for EDH volume estimation was reduced from three to one, accelerating clinical decision-making for critically injured patients.
Differentiation Value of Left Atrial Dysfunction in Reperfused Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhang He , Liu Ting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of left atrial dysfunction is of great value to assess reperfused chronic myocardial infarction. LA volumetric and strain parameters can be of great help to estimate left atrial function. However, limited data are accessed on its prognostic value in reperfused chronic myocardial infarction.Purpose: In order to evaluate the relationship between LA volumetric and strain parameters in patients with chronic myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, recruited people(included from April in 2017 to the June in 2021) experience cardiovascular MRI. The relationship between LA volumetric and strain parameters and chronic myocardial infarction was evaluated by linear regression. Results: 83 patients with chronic myocardial infarction(mean age±standard deviation, 58.16 years±9.58; 69men) were included. LATEF was weakly correlated with LAVmin(Pearson correlation coefficient r=-0.674, P＜0.001), Booster longitudinal strain(r=0.577, P＜0.001), GLSRa(r=-0.567, P＜0.001), Total longitudinal strain(r=0.574, P＜0.001). Better passive radial strain is correlated to a lower rate of chronic myocardial infarction(hazard ratio, 0.789[0.699,0.892]; P＜0.001) after adjusting for multiple clinical and CMR-based variables. Conclusion: Left atrial volumetric parameters, strain and strain rate can be of great value in reperfused chronic myocardial infarction.
Anatomical basis for the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia-like response produced by formalin injection into the facial cheek in rats
Authors: Wang Ming R. , Tseng Ching J. , Kuo Jon S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) comprise cluster headaches and are characterized 19 by unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks associated with autonomic responses and somatic 2 20 responses. An animal model for evaluating the anatomical basis of the TAC-like response is 21 not currently available. Twenty-five rats weighing 550-650 g were anaesthetized with 22 urethane. The TAC-like response was produced either by subcutaneous injection of formalin 23 into the unilateral facial cheek or by electrical stimulation of the unilateral intact trigeminal 24 nerve. The induced TAC-like response, which included ipsilateral common carotid arterial 25 flow (iCCAF) and other autonomic responses, was studied in intact nerves or after cutting 26 either the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve or the ipsilateral facial nerve. The formalin injections 27 produced concentration-dependent iCCAF increases accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic 28 responses of rhinitis-like nasal congestion, nasal mucus, meiosis, lacrimation, red eye, and 29 eyelid oedema. The formalin (5% or 10%, 0.5 cc)-induced responses were nearly abolished 30 by sectioning of either the facial or trigeminal nerve. The electrical stimulation (15 V, 60 Hz, 31 and 0.4 ms) of the intact trigeminal nerve or its ophthalmo-maxillary branch also produced 32 stimulation strength-dependent iCCAF increases as well as autonomic responses; however, 33 the electrical stimulation-induced iCCAF increases and other autonomic responses could still 34 be induced by electrical stimulation of the central but not the peripheral end of the 35 ophthalmo-maxillary branch (n = 8) or the trigeminal nerve (n = 2). Thus, an animal model 36 for inducing the TAC-like response by subcutaneous formalin injection into the rat facial 37 cheek was established. The TAC-like response could be sequentially mediated via the 38 afferent trigeminal nerve, trigeminal nucleus, dorsal facial nucleus, and efferent facial nerve.
Association of depressive disorders and dementia with mortality among older people with hip fracture
Authors: Olofsson Erika , Gustafson Yngve , Mukka Sebastian , Tengman Eva , Lindgren Lenita , Olofsson Birgitta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Hip fracture (HF) is a significant cause of mortality among older people. Almost half of the patients with HF have dementia, which increases the mortality risk further. Cognitive impairment is associated with depressive disorders (DDs) and both dementia and DDs are independent risk factors for poor outcome after HF. However, most studies that evaluate mortality risk after HF separate these conditions.Aims: To investigate whether dementia with depressive disorders (DwD) affects the mortality risk at 12, 24, and 36 months after HF among older people.Methods: Patients with acute HF (n = 404) were included in this retrospective analysis of two randomized controlled trials performed in orthopedic and geriatric departments. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. A consultant geriatrician made final depressive disorder and dementia diagnoses using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, with support from assessments and medical records. The 12-, 24- and 36-month mortality after HF was analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for covariates.Results: In analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, pre-fracture walking ability, and fracture type, patients with DwD had increased mortality risks at 12 [odds ratio (OR) 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75–12.51], 24 (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.71–7.60), and 36 (OR 4.53, 95% CI 2.24–9.14) months. Similar results were obtained for patients with dementia, but not depressive disorders, alone.Conclusion: DwD is an important risk factor for increased mortality at 12, 24, and 36 months after HF among older people. Routinely assessments after HF for cognitive- and depressive disorders could identify patients at risk for increased mortality, and enable early interventions.Trial registration: RCT1: was not registered, since it was not mandatory when the data was collected. RCT2: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register, trial registration number: ISRCTN15738119, registration date: 16/06/2008.
New Method of Metrological Evaluation of Industrial Rolling
Authors: Wrzochal Mateusz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper contains a description of a new method of evaluation of the indications of industrial rolling bearing vibration measurement systems. By using an additional vibration sensor, this method enables verification of the correct value of the tested bearing’s measured quantity by creating a new reference point instead of the bearing acting as the reference point itself. The presented measurement method was used for three measurement systems of different designs to select the most accurate system. The presented method also makes it possible to detect a defective measurement chain.
Optimal design of DVA-beam system by simultaneously optimizing DVA position, mass, damping and stiffness using Particle Swarm optimization
Authors: Song Jie , Zeng Xin , Hua Hongliang , Qiu Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Using Dynamic Vibration Absorber (DVA) to suppress the vibration of slender structure is promising for its reliable, efficiency and low cost. The main purpose of this study is to suppress the beam vibration by simultaneously optimizing DVA position, mass, damping and stiffness of a DVA-beam system. The motion equations of the DVA-beam system are derived first using the Rayleigh-Ritz method and Lagrange’s equation. Then the Particle Swarm Optimization is then applied to seek the DVA optimal parameters. In which the objective is to minimize the RMS value of the beam tip deflection in a specific time domain. The PSO performance is investigated in three kinds of beam load conditions, that is free vibration, beam subjected to pulse excitation and harmonic excitation. It is observed that in these optimizations the objective function converges quickly. Based on the optimal DVA parameters, the dynamic responses of the optimal DVA-beam system are analyzed and compared with those of bare beam. The results demonstrate that the optimal designed DVA can effectively suppress the beam vibration.