bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF FINDING LOSSES IN THE THROTTLE WINDING AS A RESULT OF THE SKIN EFFECT AND THE PROXIMITY EFFECT
Authors: Моисеенко А.А. , Фёдоров С.М. 
Published: January 2022

Представлен метод использования расчетных методик и моделирования магнитных полей в двухмерном пространстве для нахождения высокочастотных потерь в обмотке моточных изделий, таких как дроссель или трансформатор. Была проведена работа по анализу литературы по данной теме, а также поднят вопрос оптимизации и адаптации аналитических формул для случая использования проводников круглого сечения и намотки, имеющей неоднородное распределение слоев в окне сердечника. Был также поднят вопрос об аналитическом нахождении длины обмоточного провода намотки с различным количеством слоев и переменного количества используемых при этом витков. Для проведения автоматизации расчета с помощью формул был написан скрипт, строящий зависимость сопротивления переменному току относительно частоты, используя аналитические формулы. Была написана программа для автоматической постановки начальных условий и граничных значений параметров моделирования, процесса самого моделирования электромагнитных полей, анализа полученных данных, а также формирования массива для построения графика полученной при этом зависимости сопротивления от частоты. В данном методе используется свободно распространяемое программное обеспечение как для математических расчетов, так и моделирования электромагнитных полей. Итогом данной работы стало сравнение полученных результатов, которые показали хорошую сходимость и преемственность этапов данного метода
Here we present a method for using computational methods and modeling magnetic fields in two-dimensional space to find high-frequency losses in the winding of winding products, such as a choke or transformer. We analyzed the literature on this topic, as well as the issue of optimization and adaptation of analytical formulas for the case of using round-section conductors and winding having a non-uniform distribution of layers in the core window. We discussed the analytical finding of the length of the winding wire of the winding with a different number of layers and a variable number of turns used in this case. To automate the calculation using formulas, we wrote a script that builds the dependence of the resistance to alternating current relative to the frequency using analytical formulas. In addition, we wrote a program for automatically setting the initial conditions and boundary values of the modeling parameters, the process of modeling electromagnetic fields itself, analyzing the data obtained, as well as forming an array for plotting the resulting dependence of resistance on frequency. This method uses freely distributed software for both mathematical calculations and modeling of electromagnetic fields. The result of this work was a comparison of the results obtained, which showed good convergence and continuity of the stages of this method
ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF TWO-CHAMBER IMPULSE DEVICES FOR SHEET STAMPING
Authors: Боташев А.Ю. , Мусаев А.А. 
Published: January 2022

Проведен анализ технологических возможностей двухкамерных устройств для листовой штамповки с одной и двумя камерами сгорания. В устройствах с одной камерой сгорания штамповка детали происходит в холодном состоянии заготовки под действием на нее гибкой среды за счет кинетической энергии поршня, ускоряемого продуктами сгорания газообразной топливной смеси. В устройствах с двумя камерами сгорания процесс штамповки совершается с нагревом заготовки воздействием на нее горячего газа, образованного при сгорании в верхней камере предварительно сжатой топливной смеси. При этом сжатие смеси осуществляется за счет энергии продуктов сгорания, образованных в нижней камере сгорания. Доказано, что устройства с одной камерой сгорания целесообразно использовать для штамповки из пластичных сортов сталей деталей разнообразной формы толщиной до 4 мм и из пластичных цветных сплавов толщиной до 8 мм. Устройства с двумя камерами сгорания целесообразно использовать для штамповки деталей из малопластичных сортов алюминиевых, титановых сплавов и других труднодеформируемых сплавов. Двухкамерные устройства для листовой штамповки обладают широкими технологическими возможностями и могут быть эффективно использованы в мелкосерийных производствах для штамповки деталей различной формы
We carried out the analysis of technological capabilities of two-chamber devices for sheet stamping with one and two combustion chambers. In devices with one combustion chamber, the stamping process is carried out in the cold state of the workpiece by the action of an elastic medium on it, using the kinetic energy of the piston accelerated by the combustion products of the gaseous fuel mixture. In devices with two combustion chambers, the stamping process is carried out with the heating of the workpiece by the action of the hot gas formed during combustion in the upper chamber of the pre-compressed fuel mixture. In this case, the mixture is compressed due to the energy of the combustion products formed in the lower chamber. We established that devices with one combustion chamber are expedient to be used for stamping parts of various shapes with a thickness of up to 4 mm and from plastic non-ferrous alloys with a thickness of up to 8 mm from ductile steels. Devices with two combustion chambers are advisable to be used for stamping parts from low-plastic grades of aluminum, titanium alloys and other hard-to-deform alloys. Two-chamber devices for sheet stamping have wide technological capabilities and can be effectively used in small-scale production for stamping parts of various shapes
PENGEMBANGAN INDEKS LITERASI PEGAWAI KEJAKSAAN NEGERI ACEH TENGAH MELALUI TEKNIK RESUME BUKU DIGITAL DALAM PENGUATAN KELEMBAGAAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 DAN SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: Yazid Yovandi , Nazamuddin Nazamuddin , Rizza Muhammad , Arifin Zainul , Sitepu Adenan , Hidayat Nur , MK Zulfikri , Supinto Supinto , Jailani Muhammad , Batubara Muhammad Hasyimsyah 
Published: January 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian yang bekerjasama dengan Kejaksaan Aceh Tengah ini adalah pengembangan indeks literasi pegawai Kejaksaan Negeri Aceh Tengah melalui teknik resume buku digital dalam penguatan kelembagaan di era industri 4.0 dan sosiety 5.0. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara terdapat 4 masalah utama yang dihadapi mitra, antara lain: (1) waktu yang terbatas, (2) terfokus pada buku fisik yang ada di perpustakaan, (3) kurang informasi tentang buku-buku digital di portal perpustakaan digital (4) kurangnya minat membaca buku dari halaman awal hingga akhir. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut ditawarkan solusi: (1) pendampingan tentang kemudahan menggunakan waktu yang singkat untuk membaca buku digital, (2) menyarankan membaca buku-buku digital (3) pendampingan memperkenalkan situs-situs perpustakaan digital, (4) pendampingan dan workshop bagaimana meresume buku digital yang tebal menjadi 5-15 halaman. Target khusus dan luaran yang akan dihasilkan: (1) membangun kebiasaan membaca walaupun waktu terbatas, (2) jangan terfokus dengan buku fisik dan bisa beralih ke buku-buku format digital, (3) membangun kebiasaan mengunjungi perpustakaan-perpustakaan digital, (4) kemampuan menggunakan aplikasi resume buku digital sehingga mendapatkan intisari satu buku. Metode pelaksanaan program pengabdian akan dilakukan secara bertahap, berkelanjutan, dan komprehensif yang dilaksanakan melalui metode pendampingan dan workshop.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL BETA PANKREAS TIKUS HIPERGLIKEMIA
Authors: Indrayoni Putu , Damayanti Ida Ayu Manik 
Published: January 2022

Latar Belakang : Diabetes mellitus merupakan sejumlah gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia pada kondisi tanpa penanganan. Diabetes ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa plasma puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL atau kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah makan ≥ 200 mg/dL selama OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) atau kadar A1C ≥ 6,5% atau adanya krisis hiperglikemia dengan glukosa plasma acak ≥ 200 mg/dL. Bahan makanan dan modifikasi gaya hidup yang berkaitan dengan suplai antioksidan mampu menjadi profilaksis yang efektif melawan stress oksidatif pada diabetes dan komplikasinya. Salah satu sumber antioksidan alami adalah daun Averrhoa bilimbi L. yang telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai antidiabetes. Daun A. bilimbi L. mengandung alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, glikosida jantung, glikosida, triterpene, fenol dan karbohidrat. Efek hipoglikemia dari A. bilimbi L. diakibatkan oleh kandungan flavonoid dan saponin.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus hiperglikemia yang diinduksi aloksan. Perlakuan diberikan selama 21 hari dan menggunakan glibenclamid (0,66 mg/kg BB) sebagai control positif. Pewarnaan preparate sel beta menggunakan metode Gomori Aldehyde Fuschine dan Nuclear Fast Red. Pengamatan terhadap jumlah sel beta pancreas tikus dilakukan pada hari ke 7 dan ke 21 dengan menentukan jumlah rerata sel beta yang teramati pada 3 layang pandang. Analisis statistic dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS for windows 16,0 version.Hasil : Penurunan jumlah sel beta pancreas terjadi secara bermakna pada kelompok control dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05) yaitu sebesar 32,19%.Kesimpulan : Aktivitas antioksidan A. bilimbi L. mampu mencegah penurunan jumlah sel beta pada tikus hiperglikemia.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA KESEHATAN MENTAL PEMANDU WISATA DI BALI
Authors: Rahayuni I Gusti Ayu Rai , Wulandari Ida Ayu Putri 
Published: January 2022

Background : Tour guides as individuals who experience the impact of the loss of their livelihoods need to study and analyze whether there are psychological or mental impacts that are experienced considering that they are very vulnerable to not being able to control individual coping to easily accept situations or conditions without negative impacts. This research will study and describe the extent of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental of tour guides in Bali. Methods : This descriptive research with cross-sectional approach. Data was collected from the association of tour guides in Bali in February 2021 with a total sampling technique of 115 tour guides who meet inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Indonesian version of the SRQ-29 questionnaire online and processed by descriptive univariate. Results : The results of the study describe the conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic that 68 respondents (33.17%) had undergone a Rapid test, 45 people (21.95%) had undergone a swab test, 12 people (5.85%) had been confirmed as Positive Covid- 19 and 113 people (55.12%) stated that their area of origin or place of residence was once a red zone. The results of mental condition analysis during the pandemic showed that 134 people (65.37%) indicated symptoms of neurosis, 118 people (57.56%) indicated the use of psychoactive substances, 141 people (68.78%) indicated psychotic symptoms and that is 152 people (74.15%) indicated the presence of PTSD symptoms. Conclusion : Support from all parties through policies, attention and intervention is needed to minimize mental disorders, especially PTSD symptoms for the guides so that it is time for the Bali Return Program to start again productively without any mental obstacles.
An exploration of error-driven learning in simple two-layer networks from a discriminative learning perspective
Authors: Hoppe Dorothée B. , Hendriks Petra , Ramscar Michael , van Rij Jacolien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractError-driven learning algorithms, which iteratively adjust expectations based on prediction error, are the basis for a vast array of computational models in the brain and cognitive sciences that often differ widely in their precise form and application: they range from simple models in psychology and cybernetics to current complex deep learning models dominating discussions in machine learning and artificial intelligence. However, despite the ubiquity of this mechanism, detailed analyses of its basic workings uninfluenced by existing theories or specific research goals are rare in the literature. To address this, we present an exposition of error-driven learning – focusing on its simplest form for clarity – and relate this to the historical development of error-driven learning models in the cognitive sciences. Although historically error-driven models have been thought of as associative, such that learning is thought to combine preexisting elemental representations, our analysis will highlight the discriminative nature of learning in these models and the implications of this for the way how learning is conceptualized. We complement our theoretical introduction to error-driven learning with a practical guide to the application of simple error-driven learning models in which we discuss a number of example simulations, that are also presented in detail in an accompanying tutorial.
An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective
Authors: Khan Hamzullah , Khan Mohammad Basharat , Khan Shahtaj , Zahoor Saiqa , Khan Wazir Anwar 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To analyze the impact of age and gender on iron stores in a population of the Nowshera region.
METHODOLOGY:
This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients were selected by convenience sampling in the Pathology department irrespective of age and gender. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data by the latest SPSS version 25.
RESULTS:
Out of the total study population males were 70 (27.1%) and females 188 (77.9%) with median age 30 years. The median ferritin level was 12.8 ng/ml. Out of total, 142 (55%) of cases were with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. A significant (p=0.03) gender based median ferritin level difference was observed with 1.5 times more probability of low iron stores in females as compared to males (OR=1.5). No statistically significant difference in body iron stores exists in different age groups.
CONCLUSION:
A significant difference was noted in the iron stores in gender groups and the probability of depleted/low iron stores was higher in female gender as compared to male gender in all age groups in our population.
The Dust Mass of Supernova Remnants in M31
Authors: Wang 王 Ye 野 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 , Li 李 Jun 军 , Zhao 赵 He 赫 , Ren 任 Yi 逸 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dust temperature and mass of the supernova remnants (SNRs) in M31 are estimated by fitting the infrared spectral energy distribution calculated from the images in the Spitzer/IRAC4 and MIPS24, Herschel/PACS70, 100, and 160, and Herschel/SPIRE 250 and 350 μm bands. Twenty SNRs with relatively reliable photometry exhibit an average dust temperature of

20.1

−
1.5

+
1.8

K, which is higher than the surrounding and indicating the heating effect of supernova explosion. The dust mass of these SNRs ranges from about 100 to 800 M
⊙, much bigger than the SNRs in the Milky Way. On the other hand, this yields the dust surface density of

0.10

−
0.04

+
0.07

M
⊙ pc−2, about half of the surrounding area, which implies that about half dust in the SNRs is destroyed by the supernova explosion. The dust temperature, the radius, and thus the dust mass all demonstrate that the studied SNRs are old and very likely in the snowplow or even fade-away phase because of the limitation by the far distance and observation resolution of M31, and the results can serve as a reference to the final effect of supernova explosion on the surrounding dust.
A Clock Stabilization System for CHIME/FRB Outriggers
Authors: Mena-Parra J. , Leung C. , Cary S. , Masui K. W. , Kaczmarek J. F. , Amiri M. , Bandura K. , Boyle P. J. , Cassanelli T. , Cliche J.-F. , Dobbs M. , Kaspi V. M. , Landecker T. L. , Lanman A. , Sievers J. L. ,   CHIME/FRB Collaboration
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) has emerged as the prime telescope for detecting fast radio bursts (FRBs). CHIME/FRB Outriggers will be a dedicated very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) instrument consisting of outrigger telescopes at continental baselines working with CHIME and its specialized real-time transient-search backend (CHIME/FRB) to detect and localize FRBs with 50 mas precision. In this paper, we present a minimally invasive clock stabilization system that effectively transfers the CHIME digital backend reference clock from its original GPS-disciplined ovenized crystal oscillator to a passive hydrogen maser. This enables us to combine the long-term stability and absolute time tagging of the GPS clock with the short- and intermediate-term stability of the maser to reduce the clock timing errors between VLBI calibration observations. We validate the system with VLBI-style observations of Cygnus A over a 400 m baseline between CHIME and the CHIME Pathfinder, demonstrating agreement between sky-based and maser-based timing measurements at the 30 ps rms level on timescales ranging from one minute to up to nine days, and meeting the stability requirements for CHIME/FRB Outriggers. In addition, we present an alternate reference clock solution for outrigger stations that lack the infrastructure to support a passive hydrogen maser.
Localizing FRBs through VLBI with the Algonquin Radio Observatory 10 m Telescope
Authors: Cassanelli T. , Leung Calvin , Rahman M. , Vanderlinde K. , Mena-Parra J. , Cary S. , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Luo Jing , Lin H.-H. , Bij A. , Gill A. , Baker D. , Bandura Kevin , Berger S. , Boyle P. J. , Brar Charanjot , Chatterjee S. , Cubranic D. , Dobbs Matt , Fonseca E. , Good D. C. , Kaczmarek J. F. , Kaspi V. M. , Landecker T. L. , Lanman A. E. , Li Dongzi , McKee J. W. , Meyers B. W. , Michilli D. , Naidu Arun , Ng Cherry , Patel Chitrang , Pearlman Aaron B. , Pen U. L. , Pleunis Ziggy , Quine Brendan , Renard A. , Sanghavi Pranav , Smith K. M. , Stairs Ingrid , Tendulkar Shriharsh P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME)/FRB experiment has detected thousands of fast radio bursts (FRBs) due to its sensitivity and wide field of view; however, its low angular resolution prevents it from localizing events to their host galaxies. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), triggered by FRB detections from CHIME/FRB will solve the challenge of localization for non-repeating events. Using a refurbished 10 m radio dish at the Algonquin Radio Observatory located in Ontario Canada, we developed a testbed for a VLBI experiment with a theoretical λ/D ≲ 30 mas. We provide an overview of the 10 m system and describe its refurbishment, the data acquisition, and a procedure for fringe fitting that simultaneously estimates the geometric delay used for localization and the dispersive delay from the ionosphere. Using single pulses from the Crab pulsar, we validate the system and localization procedure, and analyze the clock stability between sites, which is critical for coherently delay referencing an FRB event. We find a localization of ∼200 mas is possible with the performance of the current system (single-baseline). Furthermore, for sources with insufficient signal or restricted wideband to simultaneously measure both geometric and ionospheric delays, we show that the differential ionospheric contribution between the two sites must be measured to a precision of 1 × 10−8 pc cm−3 to provide a reasonable localization from a detection in the 400–800 MHz band. Finally we show detection of an FRB observed simultaneously in the CHIME and the Algonquin 10 m telescope, the first non-repeating FRB in this long baseline. This project serves as a testbed for the forthcoming CHIME/FRB Outriggers project.
Massive Molecular Gas as a Fuel Tank for Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback In Central Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Fujita Yutaka , Kawakatu Nozomu , Nagai Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Massive molecular gas has been discovered in giant elliptical galaxies at the centers of galaxy clusters. To reveal its role in active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in those galaxies, we construct a semianalytical model of gas circulation. This model especially focuses on the massive molecular gas (interstellar cold gas on a scale of ∼10 kpc) and the circumnuclear disk (≲0.5 kpc). We consider the destruction of the interstellar cold gas by star formation and the gravitational instability for the circumnuclear disk. Our model can reproduce the basic properties of the interstellar cold gas and the circumnuclear disk, such as their masses. We also find that the circumnuclear disk tends to stay at the boundary between stable and unstable states. This works as an “adjusting valve” that regulates mass accretion toward the supermassive black hole. On the other hand, the interstellar cold gas serves as a “fuel tank” in the AGN feedback. Even if the cooling of the galactic hot gas is prevented, the interstellar cold gas can sustain the AGN activity for ≳0.5 Gyr. We also confirm that the small entropy of hot gas (≲30 keV cm2) or the short cooling time (≲1 Gyr) is a critical condition for the existence of massive amounts of molecular gas in the galaxy. The dissipation time of the interstellar cold gas may be related to the critical cooling time. The galaxy behavior is described by a simple relation among the disk stability, the cloud dissipation time, and the gas cooling rate.
Contribution of Gaia Sausage to the Galactic Stellar Halo Revealed by K Giants and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Gaia
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Zhao Gang , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Bird Sarah A. , Yang Chengqun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We explore the contribution of the Gaia Sausage to the stellar halo of the Milky Way by making use of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and applying it to halo star samples of Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope K giants, Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration K giants, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey blue horizontal branch stars. The GMM divides the stellar halo into two parts, of which one represents a more metal-rich and highly radially biased component associated with an ancient, head-on collision referred to as the Gaia Sausage, and the other one is a more metal-poor and isotropic halo. A symmetric bimodal Gaussian is used to describe the distribution of spherical velocity of the Gaia Sausage, and we find that the mean absolute radial velocity of the two lobes decreases with the Galactocentric radius. We find that the Gaia Sausage contributes about 41%–74% of the inner (Galactocentric radius r
gc < 30 kpc) stellar halo. The fraction of stars of the Gaia Sausage starts to decline beyond r
gc ∼ 25–30 kpc, and the outer halo is found to be significantly less influenced by the Gaia Sausage than the inner halo. After the removal of halo substructures found by integrals of motion, the contribution of the Gaia Sausage falls slightly within r
gc ∼ 25 kpc but is still as high as 30%–63%. Finally, we select several possible Sausage-related substructures consisting of stars on highly eccentric orbits. The GMM/Sausage component agrees well with the selected substructure stars in their chemodynamical properties, which increases our confidence in the reliability of the GMM fits.