bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ephaptic entrainment in hybrid neuronal model
Authors: Cunha Gabriel Moreno , Corso Gilberto , Miranda José Garcia Vivas , Dos Santos Lima Gustavo Zampier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the impact of electric fields generated in the brain. Transmembrane ionic currents originate electric fields in the extracellular space and are capable of affecting nearby neurons, a phenomenon called ephaptic neuronal communication. In the present work, the Quadratic Integrated-and-Fire model (QIF-E) underwent an adjustment/improvement to include the ephaptic entrainment behavior between neurons and electric fields. Indeed, the aim of our study is to validate the QIF-E model, which is a model to estimate the influence of electric fields on neurons. For this purpose, we evaluated whether the main properties observed in an experiment by Anastassiou et al. (Nat Neurosci 14:217–223, 2011), which analyzed the effect of an electric field on cortical pyramidal neurons, are reproduced with the QIF-E model. In this way, the analysis tools are employed according to the neuronal activity regime: (i) for the subthreshold regime, the circular statistic is used to describe the phase differences between the input stimulus signal (electrode) and the modeled membrane response; (ii) in the suprathreshold regime, the Population Vector and the Spike Field Coherence are used to estimate phase preferences and the entrainment intensity between the input stimulus and Action Potentials. The results observed are (i) in the subthreshold regime the values of the phase differences change with distinct frequencies of the input stimulus; (ii) in the supra-threshold regime the preferential phase of Action Potentials changes for different frequencies. In addition, we explore other parameters of the model, such as noise and membrane characteristic-time, in order to understand different types of neurons and extracellular environment related to ephaptic communication. Such results are consistent with results observed in empirical experiments based on ephaptic phenomenon. In addition, the QIF-E model allows further studies on the physiological importance of ephaptic communication in the brain, and its simplicity may open a door to simulate the ephaptic response in neuronal networks and assess the impact of ephaptic communication in such scenarios.
Inferring causal relations from observational long-term carbon and water fluxes records
Authors: Díaz Emiliano , Adsuara Jose E. , Martínez Álvaro Moreno , Piles María , Camps-Valls Gustau 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLand, atmosphere and climate interact constantly and at different spatial and temporal scales. In this paper we rely on causal discovery methods to infer spatial patterns of causal relations between several key variables of the carbon and water cycles: gross primary productivity, latent heat energy flux for evaporation, surface air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture and radiation. We introduce a methodology based on the convergent cross-mapping (CCM) technique. Despite its good performance in general, CCM is sensitive to (even moderate) noise levels and hyper-parameter selection. We present a robust CCM (RCCM) that relies on temporal bootstrapping decision scores and the derivation of more stringent cross-map skill scores. The RCCM method is combined with the information-geometric causal inference (IGCI) method to address the problem of strong and instantaneous variable coupling, another important and long-standing issue of CCM. The proposed methodology allows to derive spatially explicit global maps of causal relations between the involved variables and retrieve the underlying complexity of the interactions. Results are generally consistent with reported patterns and process understanding, and constitute a new way to quantify and understand carbon and water fluxes interactions.
Chemotherapy response prediction with diffuser elapser network
Authors: Koyuncu Batuhan , Melek Ahmet , Yilmaz Defne , Tuzer Mert , Unlu Mehmet Burcin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn solid tumors, elevated fluid pressure and inadequate blood perfusion resulting from unbalanced angiogenesis are the prominent reasons for the ineffective drug delivery inside tumors. To normalize the heterogeneous and tortuous tumor vessel structure, antiangiogenic treatment is an effective approach. Additionally, the combined therapy of antiangiogenic agents and chemotherapy drugs has shown promising effects on enhanced drug delivery. However, the need to find the appropriate scheduling and dosages of the combination therapy is one of the main problems in anticancer therapy. Our study aims to generate a realistic response to the treatment schedule, making it possible for future works to use these patient-specific responses to decide on the optimal starting time and dosages of cytotoxic drug treatment. Our dataset is based on our previous in-silico model with a framework for the tumor microenvironment, consisting of a tumor layer, vasculature network, interstitial fluid pressure, and drug diffusion maps. In this regard, the chemotherapy response prediction problem is discussed in the study, putting forth a proof of concept for deep learning models to capture the tumor growth and drug response behaviors simultaneously. The proposed model utilizes multiple convolutional neural network submodels to predict future tumor microenvironment maps considering the effects of ongoing treatment. Since the model has the task of predicting future tumor microenvironment maps, we use two image quality evaluation metrics, which are structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio, to evaluate model performance. We track tumor cell density values of ground truth and predicted tumor microenvironments. The model predicts tumor microenvironment maps seven days ahead with the average structural similarity score of 0.973 and the average peak signal ratio of 35.41 in the test set. It also predicts tumor cell density at the end day of 7 with the mean absolute percentage error of $$2.292\pm 1.820$$

2.292
±
1.820

.
Effect of head motion-induced artefacts on the reliability of deep learning-based whole-brain segmentation
Authors: Kemenczky Péter , Vakli Pál , Somogyi Eszter , Homolya István , Hermann Petra , Gál Viktor , Vidnyánszky Zoltán 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to their robustness and speed, recently developed deep learning-based methods have the potential to provide a faster and hence more scalable alternative to more conventional neuroimaging analysis pipelines in terms of whole-brain segmentation based on magnetic resonance (MR) images. These methods were also shown to have higher test–retest reliability, raising the possibility that they could also exhibit superior head motion tolerance. We investigated this by comparing the effect of head motion-induced artifacts in structural MR images on the consistency of segmentation performed by FreeSurfer and recently developed deep learning-based methods to a similar extent. We used state-of-the art neural network models (FastSurferCNN and Kwyk) and developed a new whole-brain segmentation pipeline (ReSeg) to examine whether reliability depends on choice of deep learning method. Structural MRI scans were collected from 110 participants under rest and active head motion and were evaluated for image quality by radiologists. Compared to FreeSurfer, deep learning-based methods provided more consistent segmentations across different levels of image quality, suggesting that they also have the advantage of providing more reliable whole-brain segmentations of MR images corrupted by motion-induced artifacts, and provide evidence for their practical applicability in the study of brain structural alterations in health and disease.
Alternative female and male developmental trajectories in the dynamic balance of human visual perception
Authors: Ziman Gergő , Aleshin Stepan , Unoka Zsolt , Braun Jochen , Kovács Ilona 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe numerous multistable phenomena in vision, hearing and touch attest that the inner workings of perception are prone to instability. We investigated a visual example—binocular rivalry—with an accurate no-report paradigm, and uncovered developmental and maturational lifespan trajectories that were specific for age and sex. To interpret these trajectories, we hypothesized that conflicting objectives of visual perception—such asstabilityof appearance,sensitivityto visual detail, andexplorationof fundamental alternatives—change in relative importance over the lifespan. Computational modelling of our empirical results allowed us to estimate this putative development of stability, sensitivity, and exploration over the lifespan. Our results confirmed prior findings of developmental psychology and appear to quantify important aspects of neurocognitive phenotype. Additionally, we report atypical function of binocular rivalry in autism spectrum disorder and borderline personality disorder. Our computational approach offers new ways of quantifying neurocognitive phenotypes both in development and in dysfunction.
Relationship between molar incisor hypomineralization, intrapartium medication and illnesses in the first year of life
Authors: Acosta Emilia , Cortes Olga , Guzman Sonia , Catala Montserrat , Lorente Monica , Arense Julian Jesus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) affects the first permanent molars and permanent incisors whose formative embryological process develops around birth and the first year of life. This study’s main objective is to assess the relationship between MIH, on the one hand, with the administration during childbirth of epidural bupivacaine, intramuscular meperidine with haloperidol, synthetic intravenous oxytocin, and prostaglandins such as dinoprostone vaginally, and on the other hand, with suffered pathologies during the first year of life. Cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out on 111 children who attended dental check-ups. Oral examination was carried out to determine MIH involvement. Data on the administration of medications during delivery and the illnesses suffered by the children in the first year of life were taken from the hospital records. Significant relationship with Pearson's chi-square was found between the presence of MIH and the administration of meperidine with haloperidol intramuscularly and the vaginal administration of dinoprostone during labour. Also in children who have suffered serious infections and those who have received antibiotics in early childhood. In recent years there has been a growing trend in many countries to medicalize childbirth even above what the World Health Organization recommends.
Some of the drugs used in these protocols could be involved in the appearance of dental mineralization alterations of the MIH type and this would help to explain the increase in its prevalence.
Automated procedure to assess pup retrieval in laboratory mice
Authors: Winters Carmen , Gorssen Wim , Ossorio-Salazar Victoria A. , Nilsson Simon , Golden Sam , D’Hooge Rudi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAll mammalian mothers form some sort of caring bond with their infants that is crucial to the development of their offspring. The Pup Retrieval Test (PRT) is the leading procedure to assess pup-directed maternal care in laboratory rodents, used in a wide range of basic and preclinical research applications. Most PRT protocols require manual scoring, which is prone to bias and spatial and temporal inaccuracies. This study proposes a novel procedure using machine learning algorithms to enable reliable assessment of PRT performance. Automated tracking of a dam and one pup was established in DeepLabCut and was combined with automated behavioral classification of “maternal approach”, “carrying” and “digging” in Simple Behavioral Analysis (SimBA). Our automated procedure estimated retrieval success with an accuracy of 86.7%, whereas accuracies of “approach”, “carry” and “digging” were estimated at respectively 99.3%, 98.6% and 85.0%. We provide an open-source, step-by-step protocol for automated PRT assessment, which aims to increase reproducibility and reliability, and can be easily shared and distributed.
The protective effect of licochalcone A against inflammation injury of primary dairy cow claw dermal cells induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Tian Mengyue , Li Nan , Liu Ruonan , Li Ke , Du Jinliang , Zou Dongmin , Ma Yuzhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaminitis is one of the most important and intractable diseases in dairy cows, which can lead to enormous economic losses. Although many scholars have conducted a large number of studies on laminitis, the therapeutic test of medicinal plants in vitro is really rare. Licochalcone A is proved to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. But the effect of licochalcone A on LPS-induced inflammatory claw dermal cells has not been discovered yet. In this study, the primary dairy cow claw dermal cells were treated with gradient concentrations of licochalcone A (1, 5, 10 µg/mL) in the presence of 10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results indicated that licochalcone A reduced the concentrations of inflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), increased the activity of SOD, reduced the levels of MDA and ROS, downregulated the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and MyD88, suppressed the protein levels of p-IκBα and p-p65, and upregulated the protein expression of PPARγ. In summary, licochalcone A protected dairy cow claw dermal cells against LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress through the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and PPARγ signaling pathways.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of adsorbents derived from sewage sludge blended with waste coal for nitrate and methyl red removal
Authors: Masengo John Longo , Mulopo Jean 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow-cost adsorbents were synthesized using two types of sewage sludge: D, which was obtained during the dissolved air flotation stage, and S, which was a mixture of primary and secondary sludge from the digestion and dewatering stages. The sewage sludge was mixed with waste coal before being activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and oxidized with ammonium persulfate (APS). The nitrate and methyl red removal capacities of the synthesized adsorbents were evaluated and compared to those of industrial activated charcoal. The oxidation surface area of adsorbents derived from sludge S shrank by six fold after modification i.e., from 281.72 (unoxidized) to 46.573 m2/g for the oxidized adsorbent with a solution of 2M ammonium peroxydisulfate, while those derived from D only varied narrowly from 312.72 to 282.22 m2/g, but surface modification had no effect on inorganic composition in either case. The adsorption of nitrate and methyl red (MR) was performed in batch mode, and the removal processes followed the pseudo second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm fairly well. The adsorption capacities of nitrate and MR were higher at pH = 2 and pH = 4, respectively.
Associations of neurotransmitters and the gut microbiome with emotional distress in mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Barandouzi Zahra A. , Lee Joochul , del Carmen Rosas Maria , Chen Jie , Henderson Wendy A. , Starkweather Angela R. , Cong Xiaomei S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvidence highlights the comorbidity between emotional distress and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) through the gut-brain axis. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the associations among neurotransmitter levels and the gut microbiome profiles in persons with IBS and emotional distress. In this nested case-controlled study, emotional symptoms, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, were evaluated in 40 persons with IBS and 20 healthy controls (HC). Plasma neurotransmitters levels (serotonin and norepinephrine) and the gut microbiome profile of the collected fecal samples were examined. Emotional distress and microbiome profile were significantly different between IBS and HC groups. Lower but not significant neurotransmitters’ levels (serotonin and norepinephrine) were observed in the IBS group compared to the HC. A negative correlation was found between norepinephrine levels and alpha diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) in the IBS group. Moreover, serotonin levels were positively associated with the abundance of Proteobacteria, and norepinephrine were positively correlated with Bacteroidetes, but negatively associated with Firmicutes phylum. The present study demonstrated alteration in the gut microbiome between persons with IBS and emotional distress compared to HC. The correlations between plasma neurotransmitters and the gut microbiome suggest that the gut microbiome may impact the regulation of neurotransmitters.
Elution profile of cationic and anionic adsorbate from exhausted adsorbent using solvent desorption
Authors: Patel Himanshu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPresent invention involves to study the elution profile of anionic and cationic compounds from exhausted adsorbents using various eluents. Batch elution studies of anionic components like Congo Red dye and Carbonate ion; and cationic compounds such as Methylene blue dye and Cadmium metal from previously used naturally prepared adsorbents i.e. Gulmohar (Delonix regia) leaf powder—GLP; and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder—NLP and their derivatives were conducted. Different eluents used for batch study were various acids and alkaline solution having various concentration and solvents having different functional groups in seven sorption–desorption cycles. The batch data were accessed by kinetic models (Pseudo First-, Pseudo Second-order, Intra-particle and Elovic equation). Column elution experiments of Congo red and Cadmium from NLP and activated charcoal from NLP (AC-NLP) respectively was performed using selected eluent. Sorption and elution process plots and parameters and life cycle plots for seven sorption–desorption cycles were evaluated and discussed. From desorption efficiencies, it revealed that desorption exploration is predominately depends upon pH factor.
Establishing long-term nitrogen response of global cereals to assess sustainable fertilizer rates
Authors: van Grinsven Hans J. M. , Ebanyat Peter , Glendining Margaret , Gu Baojing , Hijbeek Renske , Lam Shu Kee , Lassaletta Luis , Mueller Nathaniel D. , Pacheco Felipe S. , Quemada Miguel , Bruulsema Tom W. , Jacobsen Brian H. , ten Berge Hein F. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInsight into the response of cereal yields to nitrogen fertilizer is fundamental to improving nutrient management and policies to sustain economic crop benefits and food sufficiency with minimum nitrogen pollution. Here we propose a new method to assess long-term (LT) regional sustainable nitrogen inputs. The core is a novel scaled response function between normalized yield and total net nitrogen input. The function was derived from 25 LT field trials for wheat, maize and barley in Europe, Asia and North America and is fitted by a second-order polynomial (R2 = 0.82). Using response functions derived from common short-term field trials, with soil nitrogen not in steady state, gives the risks of soil nitrogen depletion or nitrogen pollution. The scaled LT curve implies that the total nitrogen input required to attain the maximum yield is independent of this maximum yield as postulated by Mitscherlich in 1924. This unique curve was incorporated into a simple economic model with valuation of externalities of nitrogen surplus as a function of regional per-capita gross domestic product. The resulting LT sustainable nitrogen inputs range from 150 to 200 kgN ha−1 and this interval narrows with increasing yield potential and decreasing gross domestic product. The adoption of LT response curves and external costs in cereals may have important implications for policies and application ceilings for nitrogen use in regional and global agriculture and ultimately the global distribution of cereal production.
A new type of phosphate-based phosphor Na3CsMg7(PO4)6:Eu2+/Mn2+with high quantum efficiency and high thermostability
Authors: Shi Lin-Ying , Zhao Dan , Zhang Rui-Juan , Zhu Shuang-Yin , Yu Meng-Han 
Published: January 2022

A new type of blue phosphor NCMP:xEu2+ was developed with high quantum efficiency and high thermostability.
Komplexitätssteigerung medizinischer Entscheidungssituationen – Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung erkennen und gestalten
Authors: Büchner Stefanie , Marschollek Michael , Foadi Nilufar 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Chancen und Grenzen der Digitalisierung für medizinische Entscheidungssituationen werden bislang stark in Bezug auf die Potenziale einzelner Technologien und digitaler Tools diskutiert. Im Anschluss an soziologische Perspektiven, die medizinisches Entscheiden als sozial eingebettet und hybrid verstehen, zeigen wir zentrale strukturelle Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung in klinischen Entscheidungssituationen auf und entwickeln Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis. Gelingt es, strukturelle Herausforderung der Digitalisierung positiv zu bewältigen, eröffnen sich nachhaltige Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung medizinischer Entscheidungssituationen durch Digitalisierung. Mit dieser integrativen Perspektive gelingt es, Engführungen auf einzelne Technologien und Idealisierungen von Entscheidungssituationen zu vermeiden, nichtintendierte Folgen zu antizipieren und Perspektiven für mittel- und langfristige Qualitätssteigerungen zu eröffnen.
Pulmonary Complications in Premature Infants Using a Beractant or Poractant for Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wong Kin Lok , Siu Kiu Lok 
Published: January 2022

Objective Premature infants are at the risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Beractants and poractants are two commonly used natural surfactants. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare the incidence of pulmonary complications between beractant and poractant treatment groups.
Study Design This study evaluated 29 patients treated with beractant and 49 patients treated with poractant. The primary outcome was the incidence of air leak syndrome (ALS) and pulmonary hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes included mortality and pulmonary outcomes, such as mechanical ventilation duration, oxygen dependence duration, fraction of inspired oxygen, and mean airway pressure (MAP) requirement. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for significant primary outcomes.
Results No significant difference was found in the demographics between the two groups. A significantly higher incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage was observed in the poractant group (14.3 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.038). The difference in the incidence of ALS between the groups was insignificant (p = 0.536). Logistic regression for the incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage identified coagulopathy as the only significant independent risk factor (odds ratio 39.855, 95% confidence interval [2.912–545.537]; p = 0.006). Secondary outcomes in both treatment groups were similar, except that patients in the poractant group had a higher MAP before surfactant therapy (9 vs. 8 cmH2O, p < 0.001).
Conclusion This study showed a significantly higher incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage in the poractant group. Coagulopathy was identified as an independent risk factor for pulmonary hemorrhage. Future long-term prospective studies are essential to establish the temporal and causal relationships between coagulopathy and pulmonary hemorrhage in premature infants receiving surfactant therapy for RDS; hence, there is the need for a screening protocol before surfactant administration.
Key Points