bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LPA
2
Contributes to Vascular Endothelium Homeostasis and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pei Jianqiu , Cai Lin , Wang Fang , Xu Chuansheng , Pei Shengqiang , Guo Hongwei , Sun Xiaogang , Chun Jerold , Cong Xiangfeng , Zhu Weiquan , Zheng Zhe , Chen Xi 
Published: August 2022

Rationale:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most dangerous adverse cardiovascular events. Our previous study found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is increased in human peripheral blood after MI, and LPA has a protective effect on the survival and proliferation of various cell types. However, the role of LPA and its receptors in MI is less understood.

Objectives:
To study the unknown role of LPA and its receptors in heart during MI.

Methods and Results:

In this study, we found that mice also had elevated LPA level in peripheral blood, as well as increased cardiac expression of its receptor LPA
2
in the early stages after MI. With adult and neonate MI models in global
Lpar2
knockout (
Lpar2
-KO) mice, we found
Lpar2
deficiency increased vascular leak leading to disruption of its homeostasis, so as to impaired heart function and increased early mortality. Histological examination revealed larger scar size, increased fibrosis, and reduced vascular density in the heart of
Lpar2
-KO mice. Furthermore,
Lpar2
-KO also attenuated blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation with decreased vascular density in gastrocnemius. Our study revealed that
Lpar2
was mainly expressed and altered in cardiac endothelial cells during MI, and use of endothelial-specific
Lpar2
knockout mice phenocopied the global knockout mice. Additionally, adenovirus-
Lpar2
and pharmacologically activated LPA
2
significantly improved heart function, reduced scar size, increased vascular formation, and alleviated early mortality by maintaining vascular homeostasis owing to protecting vessels from leakage. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that LPA-LPA
2
signaling could promote endothelial cell proliferation through PI3K-Akt/PLC-Raf1-Erk pathway and enhanced endothelial cell tube formation via PKD1-CD36 signaling.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that endothelial LPA-LPA
2
signaling promotes angiogenesis and maintains vascular homeostasis, which is vital for restoring blood flow and repairing tissue function in ischemic injuries. Targeting LPA-LPA
2
signal might have clinical therapeutic potential to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
High Incidence and Unique Features of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infection
Authors: McCullough-Hicks Margy E. , Halterman Daniel J. , Anderson David , Cohen Kenneth , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) secondary to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia is an extremely rare side effect of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines. CVST incidence associated with COVID-19 itself has not been widely reported. We report the incidence of CVST in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods:

We analyzed de-identified electronic medical records of a retrospective cohort of patients admitted with COVID-19 to >200 hospitals between March 2020 and March 2021. We used
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
codes and natural language processing extracts to identify patients with a new CVST diagnosis during COVID-19 hospitalization. The primary outcome was CVST incidence in hospitalized, COVID-19-positive patients. Secondary outcomes included CVST incidence and mortality. Incidence rates were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird estimator method.

Results:

Ninety-one thousand seven hundred twenty-seven patients were evaluated; 22 had new CVST diagnoses by electronic medical record review. CVST incidence in the hospitalized COVID-19 cohort was 231 per 1 000 000 person-years (95% CI, 152.1–350.8). Females<50 had the highest incidence overall (males <50: 378.4 [142–1008.2]; females<50: 796.5 [428.6–1480.4]). In patients ≥50 years old, males had a higher estimated CVST incidence (males≥50: 130.5 [54.3–313.6]; females≥50: 88.8 [28.6–275.2]). Older patients (45.5% of patients ≥50 versus 0% of <50 years of age,
P
=0.012) and males (44.4% of males versus 7.7% of females,
P
=0.023) were more likely to die in hospital.

Conclusions:
CVST incidence in COVID-19–positive hospitalized patients is high. Advanced age and male gender were associated with likelihood of death in hospital; further studies are required to confirm these findings.
The Launch of the Volunteer Fleet: Late Imperial Russia and the “Empire Route”
Authors: Sakon Yukimura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We examine the first decade that the Russian Volunteer Fleet, established due to the patriotic upsurge that followed the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, connected Odessa with the Russian Far East after 1879. We also discuss government support for Russian ships’ passage through the Suez Canal, triggered by the opening of the Chinese and Indian routes of the Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company in 1871. The history of shipping trade in late Imperial Russia gives us hints regarding the scarcely examined relations between Russia and the global economy. Using documents from the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg, we reveal what Russia’s ruling politicians expected from maritime transportation. We argue that Russia’s shipping network, despite its many foreign ports of call, developed to promote the consolidation and development of domestic maritime trade. Some involved in Russia’s shipping trade thought that entering international trade was contrary to national interest.
Temporal and Spatial Structure of Nocturnal Warming Events in a Midlatitude Coastal City
Authors: Lao Isabelle Renee , Abraham Carsten , Wiebe Ed , Monahan Adam H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nocturnal warming events (NWEs) are abrupt interruptions in the typical cooling of surface temperatures at night. Using temperature time series from the high-resolution Vancouver Island School-Based Weather Station Network (VWSN) in British Columbia, Canada, we investigate temporal and spatial characteristics of NWEs. In this coastal region, NWEs are more frequently detected in winter than in summer, with a seasonal shift from slowly warming NWEs dominating the winter months to rapidly warming NWEs dominating the summer months. Slow-warming NWEs are of relatively small amplitude and exhibit slow cooling rates after the temperature peaks. In contrast, fast-warming NWEs have a temperature increase of several kelvins with shorter-duration temperature peaks. The median behavior of these distinct NWE classes at individual stations is similar across the entire set of stations. The spatial synchronicity of NWEs across the VWSN (determined by requiring NWEs at station pairs to occur within given time windows) decreases with distance, including substantial variability at nearby stations that reflects local influences. Fast-warming NWEs are observed to occur either simultaneously across a number of stations or in isolation at one station. Spatial synchronicity values are used to construct undirected networks to investigate spatial connectivity structures of NWEs. We find that, independent of individual seasons or NWE classes, the networks are largely unstructured, with no clear spatial connectivity structures related to local topography or direction.
Vertical Motions Driven by Geostrophic Stress in Surface Boundary Layer under a Finite Ekman Number Regime
Authors: Xu Fan , Jing Zhao , Yang Peiran , Zhou Shenghui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Geostrophic stress caused by a strong horizontal density gradient embedded in the surface boundary layer plays an important role in generating vertical motion and associated tracer transport. However, dependence of this frictionally driven vertical velocity on the Ekman number (Ek), a key dimensionless parameter for frictional flows in a rotating reference frame, has not been systematically analyzed, especially for a finite Ek. In this study, we theoretically demonstrate that the geostrophic stress always induces an ageostrophic stress acting to offset itself, and such an offsetting effect becomes more evident with increasing Ek. When Ek approaches unity or larger, vertical motion driven by geostrophic stress is much weaker than that derived by Garrett and Loder (GL81), who neglect effects of ageostrophic stress and predict a vertical velocity magnitude scaled with curl of geostrophic stress. Although the cancellation tendency between geostrophic and ageostrophic stress is universal, its underlying dynamics depends on vertical structures of turbulent viscosity and geostrophic flows. A realistic simulation in the winter Kuroshio Extension is conducted to validate the theoretical results and examine which regime, a small versus finite Ek, is more relevant in this region. It is found that the characteristic vertical scale involved in the definition of Ek is primarily determined by the vertical structure of turbulent viscosity and evidently smaller than that of geostrophic flow. The value of Ek in the winter Kuroshio Extension is generally larger than unity. Correspondingly, the GL81 model results in severe overestimation of the geostrophic stress-driven vertical velocity and tracer transport.
Efficacy of prolonged application of low-level laser therapy combined with exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled double-blind study
Authors: Alfredo Patrícia Pereira , Bjordal Jan Magnus , Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão , Johnson Mark I , Junior Washington Steagall , Marques Amélia Pasqual , Casarotto Raquel Aparecida 
Published: August 2022

Objectives To investigate the effect of prolonged low-level laser therapy application combined with exercise on pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Design A randomized controlled trial. Setting Special rehabilitation services. Subjects Forty-three participants with knee osteoarthritis. Intervention Following initial assessment, participants were randomly allocated to the Laser group (n = 22, 44 knees) and received low-level laser therapy while the Placebo group (n = 21, 42 knees) received placebo therapy three times a week for 3 weeks. Both groups then received low-level laser therapy combined with exercise three times a week for the following 8 weeks. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was change in knee pain and disability (Lequesne). Secondary outcomes included change in mobility (Timed Up and Go test), range of motion (goniometer), muscular strength (dynamometer), activity (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis questionnaire), and medication intake and relief. Results Mean (SD) age of participants was 63.02 (9.9) years. Pain scores at baseline, 3 weeks, 11 weeks, and 6 months follow-up were 9.1 (1.3), 2.6 (2.3), 0.2 (0.9), and 0.2 (0.8) for the Laser group and 9.5 (8.0), 7.7 (5.3), 5.6 (2.4), and 7.4 (5.0) for the Placebo group, respectively. Disability scores at baseline, 3 weeks, 11 weeks, and 6 months follow-up were 14.9 (4.7), 7.6 (4.8), 3.9 (4.2), and 3.5 (4.1) for the Laser group and 17.8 (14.7), 15.2 (11.5), 11.6 (6.4), and 15.8 (11.9) for the Placebo Group, respectively. Conclusion In participants with osteoarthritis of the knee, the isolated application of low-level laser therapy in the initial 3 weeks and combined with exercises in the final 8 weeks reduced pain, disability, and intake of medication over a 6-month period.
Interventions that Address Institutional Child Maltreatment: An Evidence and Gap Map
Authors: Finch Meghan , Featherston Rebecca , Chakraborty Sangita , Bjørndal Ludvig , Mildon Robyn , Albers Bianca , Fiennes Caroline , Taylor David J. A. , Schachtman Rebecca , Yang Taoran , Shlonsky Aron 
Published: August 2022

Purpose This evidence and gap map collates evidence reporting on the effectiveness of interventions aimed to prevent, disclose, respond to, or treat child maltreatment occurring in institutional settings. Methods A comprehensive and systematic literature search identified primary studies and systematic reviews meeting the review’s eligibility criteria. Literature screening, data extraction and critical appraisals were undertaken independently by multiple reviewers. Data extracted and reported from the included studies included information about the institutional setting, target population, type of maltreatment, intervention type and outcomes. Results Seventy-three studies were identified, including 11 systematic reviews and 62 primary studies. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was low to moderate. Most evaluated curriculum-based interventions delivered in educational settings, primarily aimed at preventing sexual abuse. Fewer studies examined other institutional settings or intervention types. Conclusions This review highlights a need for high-quality studies evaluating a more diverse range of interventions across more varied institutional contexts.
Ageing, dementia and the future – ambivalent futurework in rehabilitation-focused dementia care
Authors: Thuesen Jette , Graff Lea 
Published: August 2022

Due to its goal-orientation, rehabilitation may be considered a future-oriented practice. As rehabilitation is increasingly recognized as contributing to dementia care it is important to explore how rehabilitation corresponds with the future orientation of older people with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the futurework of home-dwelling people with mild to moderate dementia in the context of rehabilitation-focused municipal dementia care, that is, their thinking and practices regarding their future and how these correspond with institutionalized practices. The study was conducted as a case-study inspired by the methodology of Institutional Ethnography (IE). The study setting was two Danish municipalities sampled as a paradigmatic case. Eight older people living with early-stage dementia (mean age: 78 years, age range: 65–91) were strategically sampled and each interviewed recurringly within a period of six through 15 months. In total, 29 interviews were completed. An abductive analysis was subsequently conducted based on these interviews. Findings included three dimensions of futurework: Extending the present state into the near future; avoiding being confronted with an anticipated future; and adjusting to decline and preparing for future losses. Based on these findings, a notion of ‘ambivalent futurework’ is suggested. The futurework of older people did not always correspond with the institutional arrangements in a rehabilitation-focused dementia care. Findings show that the institutional arrangements in dementia care may support as well as challenge the futurework of the participants. Paying attention to the ambivalences of older people living with dementia and recognizing the ambivalent futurework may be essential in rehabilitation-focused dementia care.
Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Concussed and Nonconcussed Adolescents
Authors: Fish Ari M. , Vanni Julia , Mohammed Fairuz N. , Fedonni Daniele , Metzger Kristina B. , Shoop Jamie , Master Christina L. , Arbogast Kristy B. , McDonald Catherine C. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Few studies have examined psychiatric symptoms during the acute phase following a concussion in adolescents. Thus, this study compares anxiety and depression in acutely concussed and nonconcussed adolescents. Hypothesis: Acutely concussed adolescents will report greater anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with nonconcussed adolescents. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Data were collected from 282 adolescents (111 concussed within 28 days of injury, 171 nonconcussed), 13 to 18 years of age, who completed Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms measures. We calculated average T-scores for anxiety and depression across both groups and compared the proportion of those who scored above normal limits. Finally, we calculated risk ratios for anxiety and depression scores above normal limits. Results: Average T-scores for anxiety did not differ in concussed versus nonconcussed adolescents (mean: 45.9 [SD 10.84] vs 45.2 [8.1], respectively, P = 0.54), whereas average T-scores for depression were significantly higher in concussed versus nonconcussed adolescents (46.0 [10.88] vs 42.8 [8.48], respectively, P < 0.01). The proportion of concussed adolescents above normal limits for depression was greater than nonconcussed adolescents (32.4% vs 20.5%, respectively, P = 0.02). Post hoc sensitivity analyses excluding those with a history of anxiety or depression demonstrated a 1.45 (95% CI, 0.97, 2.01) and 1.56 (95% CI, 0.95, 2.56) increased risk of an above-normal anxiety and depression score for concussed compared with nonconcussed adolescents, respectively, although both were nonsignificant. Conclusion: Although we found few significant differences between the 2 groups, the results highlight that many concussed adolescents met the threshold for above-average symptoms on the depression and anxiety PROMIS measures. Clinical Relevance: In adolescents, there is increased risk for psychiatric sequalae in the acute period after a concussion. As such, we suggest that clinicians consider incorporating depression screening when caring for adolescents after a concussion.
A Medical Student-Run Telehealth Primary Care Clinic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Maintaining Care for the Underserved
Authors: Bliss Joshua W. , Yau Annie , Beideck Elena , Novak Jesse S. S. , d’Andrea Felipe B. , Blobel Nicolas J. , Batavia Ashita S. , Charney Pamela 
Published: August 2022

Background: In this report, we outline our approach to implementing a hybrid in-person and virtual clinic model at a student-run free clinic (SRFC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) are at an increased risk for COVID-19 infection and severe clinical outcomes. It is unclear if telehealth is a viable continuity of care enabler for the underserved. Methods: The Weill Cornell Community Clinic (WCCC) implemented a novel telehealth clinic model to serve uninsured patients in May 2020. A phone survey of was conducted to assess WCCC patients access to technology needed for telehealth visits (eg, personal computers, smartphones). Patient no-show rates were retrospectively assessed for both in-person (pre-pandemic) and hybrid continuity of care models. Results: The phone survey found that 90% of WCCC patients had access to technology needed for telehealth visits. In the 8 months following implementation of the hybrid model, telehealth and in-person no-show rates were 11% (14/128) and 15% (10/67) respectively; the combined hybrid no-show rate was 12% (24/195). For comparison, the in-person 2019 no-show rate was 23% (84/367). This study aligns with previous reports that telehealth improves patient attendance. Conclusion: Literature on the transition of SRFCs from in-person to telehealth care delivery models is limited. At the WCCC, the reduction in no-show rates supports the feasibility and benefits of adopting telehealth for the delivery of care to underserved patient populations. We believe the hybrid telehealth model described here is a viable model for other student run free clinics to increase access to care in low SES communities.
Comparing the 30-Day Complications Between Smokers and Nonsmokers Undergoing Surgical Fixation of Ankle Fractures
Authors: Sagherian Bernard H. , Hoballah Jawad J. , Tamim Hani 
Published: August 2022

Background: There have been conflicting reports regarding the effect of smoking on complications after surgical treatment of ankle fractures. This study aimed at identifying the complications for which smokers and subgroups of smokers are at a higher risk compared to nonsmokers when undergoing surgery for fixation of rotational ankle fractures. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set from 2008 to 2019 was used to compare the 30-day wound, cardiac, renal, and infectious complications, related readmissions, and return to the operating room between the 2 cohorts. Results: Of 33 741 patients included, 25 642 (76.0%) were nonsmokers and 8099 (24.0%) were smokers. Multivariate analysis showed that smokers were at a higher risk for deep wound infection (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.48-3.69, P < .001), wound dehiscence (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.56-3.77, P < .001), related return to the operating room (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.36-2.11, P < .001), and related readmissions (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.32-2.09, P < .001). Smokers at an increased risk for deep infection included patients between 50 and 59 years (OR 5.75, 95% CI 1.78-18.5, P = .003), who were Black (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.04-17.23, P = .044), who had body mass index (BMI) 35 to 39.9 (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.46-9.50, P = .006), or operative times between 60 and 90 minutes (OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.79-7.39, P < .001). Smoker subgroups at a higher risk for wound dehiscence included patients between 50 and 59 years (OR 9.86, 95% CI 3.29-29.53, P < .001), with operative times between 90 and 120 minutes (OR 4.88, 95% CI 1.89-12.58, P < .001), with BMI 30 to 34.9 (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.45-6.45, P = .003) and who underwent spinal/epidural anesthesia (OR 9.31, 95% CI 2.31-37.58, P = .002). Conclusion: Smokers were at an increased risk for deep wound infection, wound dehiscence, related reoperations, and related readmissions after ankle fracture surgery. Certain subgroups were at an even higher risk for these complications. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Clonal germinal center B cells function as a niche for T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Fujisawa Manabu , Nguyen Tran B. , Abe Yoshiaki , Suehara Yasuhito , Fukumoto Kota , Suma Sakurako , Makishima Kenichi , Kaneko Chihiro , Nguyen Yen T.M. , Usuki Kensuke , Narita Kentaro , Matsue Kosei , Nakamura Naoya , Ishikawa Shumpei , Miura Fumihito , Ito Takashi , Suzuki Ayako , Suzuki Yutaka , Mizuno Seiya , Takahashi Satoru , Chiba Shigeru , Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is proposed to be initiated by age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ACH) with TET2 mutations, whereas the G17V RHOA mutation in immature cells with TET2 mutations promotes the development of T follicular helper (TFH)-like tumor cells. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which TET2-mutant immune cells enable AITL development using mouse models and human samples. Among the 2 mouse models, mice lacking Tet2 in all the blood cells (Mx-Cre × Tet2flox/flox × G17V RHOA transgenic mice) spontaneously developed AITL for approximately up to a year, while mice lacking Tet2 only in the T cells (Cd4-Cre × Tet2flox/flox × G17V RHOA transgenic mice) did not. Therefore, Tet2-deficient immune cells function as a niche for AITL development. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of &gt;50 000 cells from mouse and human AITL samples revealed significant expansion of aberrant B cells, exhibiting properties of activating light zone (LZ)-like and proliferative dark zone (DZ)-like germinal center B (GCB) cells. The GCB cells in AITL clonally evolved with recurrent mutations in genes related to core histones. In silico network analysis using scRNA-seq data identified Cd40–Cd40lg as a possible mediator of GCB and tumor cell cluster interactions. Treatment of AITL model mice with anti-Cd40lg inhibitory antibody prolonged survival. The genes expressed in aberrantly expanded GCB cells in murine tumors were also broadly expressed in the B-lineage cells of TET2-mutant human AITL. Therefore, ACH-derived GCB cells could undergo independent clonal evolution and support the tumorigenesis in AITL via the CD40–CD40LG axis.