bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimu: An Ancient Character in Modern Bantu Language Tales
Authors: Westley David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article begins with a table which shows modern words for “ogre”, e. g., zimu in Zulu, irimu in Kikuyu and dimo in Sotho, in Bantu language tales and relates them to the Proto-Bantu term, dimu. Using insights from depth psychology, Aarne-Thompson-Uther classification and, especially, performance theory, the paper examines the character of the ogre in a number of theoretical areas. These include the relationship between tradition and creativity, the development of narrative meaning and how the ogre functions as a symbol with special reference to stories found in eastern and southern Africa.
Hydroxyapatite/TPU/PLA nanocomposites: Morphological, dynamic-mechanical, and thermal study
Authors: Faghihi-Rezaei Vahid , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Darbemamieh Goldis , Otadi Maryam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly lactic acid (PLA) with different weight ratios of 10:90 and 30:70 were prepared by solution method. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) were used to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the alloys. To prepare the nanocomposites, the percentages of n-HA varied between 1% and 5%. Different tests were used to investigate the properties of these nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, which was used to study the morphology of the blends, showed that there were rough morphologies in between materials, and the results of the mapping test showed that the dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix was almost good. TGA thermal degradation test showed that the presence of TPU to some extent can affect the thermal stability properties, and with the increase in this material, the thermal properties are strengthened. The crystalline behavior of the samples showed that the presence of TPU and n-HA nanoparticles had negative effects on the crystalline properties. The study of viscoelastic behaviors showed that the presence of TPU enhances the viscous behavior in the sample and decreases the glass transition temperature, while the presence of nanoparticles increases the elastic properties and glass transition temperature. Tensile test showed that the presence of n-HA has a greater effect on the mechanical properties. Dynamic contact angle analysis using water and dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent showed that the existing TPU and n-HA led to major changes in the interaction surface of scaffolds. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis showed that increasing the amounts of TPU and HA increases cell viability. SEM cell interactions analysis showed that the surfaces of PLA90TPU10H5 and PLA70TPU30H5 samples are very good for the preparation of bone tissue scaffolds. Our findings indicated that the addition of n-HA into PLA/TPU blends could impart new features to the PLA matrix as a promising candidate for bone, cartilage, and tendon tissue engineering.
Wood quality of residual branches of Hymenaea courbaril L. from logging in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Moreira Letícia da Silva , Lima José Tarcísio , Soares Bruno Charles Dias , Moutinho Victor Hugo Pereira 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Branches remain in the forest environment as logging activity residue. Considering the large size of many Amazonian trees, their branches have considerable dimensions and can contribute to a sustainable wood alternative for various applications. Due to the formation of reaction wood in the branches, relevant macro and ultrastructural changes can occur in its characteristics in relation to the trunk wood. However, the woods of the branches are not technologically well known. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the wood quality of branches of Hymenaea courbaril L., comparing it with wood of trunks. The extractives and lignin contents, basic density, shrinkage, fiber biometry, microfibril angle and mechanical resistance to compression parallel to the fibers were analyzed. The branch wood had smaller fiber dimensions and a higher microfibril angle than the trunk wood. The basic density was similar between these materials. The linear and volumetric shrinkages were smaller in the branch wood than in the trunk, while the axial shrinkage was higher in the branch. The parallel compressive strength was also lower in the branch wood than in the trunk. The branch wood has properties suitable for products with higher added value such as furniture, decorative objects, floors and utensils in general.
Investigation of the interface behavior of a viscous fluid under free surface shear flow using an eccentric transparent Couette cell
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Prashanth , Fournier Francis , Pignolet Arnaud , Castellani Romain , Cohen Céline , Peuvrel-Disdier Edith , Valette Rudy , Vergnes Bruno 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present work, a prototype was developed to observe the flow behavior of viscous fluids under free surface shear and determine an adhesion energy in this flow geometry. The geometry consists of an eccentric Couette cell (outer cylinder radius of 89.5 mm, inner cylinder radius of 43.75 mm and minimal gap of 3 mm) that can be used in two modes, where both cylinders can respectively rotate in the same or opposite directions. Cylinders are horizontal and short relatively to their diameters (30 mm long). Transparent windows allow in-situ flow observations. The design, development, and testing of the prototype with a model viscous fluid (silicone fluid with a 2.2 104 Pa.s Newtonian viscosity) are reported in this paper. The flow behavior of small fluid volumes (fill factor smaller than 15%) was investigated under co- and counter-rotating configurations to determine steady-state flow conditions. Stationary conditions were identified in the counter-rotating mode. The velocity conditions and resulting observations are studied and analysed. However, for the used silicone fluid, the bulk dissipative energy is much larger than the work of adhesive forces in the investigated regimes. The adhesion energy contribution could not be detected for this fluid.
Understanding Startup Valuation and its Impact on Startup Ecosystem
Authors: Menon Ramesh , James Leena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Startups play a substantial role in the economic growth of a nation, by introducing new technologies, ground-breaking innovation, creating jobs, etc. A couple of decades back, it was extremely difficult to start a business, but today new businesses pop up every day, all around the world. Recognizing the importance of a startup, governments across the globe are doing their best to provide an atmosphere where startups can bloom. Despite its importance and all the support, the startup failure rate is at 90%; about 10% of startups fail in the first year and 70% fail in two to five years. The startup boom saw the emergence of alternative sources of funding like Venture Capitalist, Angel Investors, etc. These investors (Venture Capitalist, Angel Investors, etc.) played a crucial role in startup success by providing easy access to funds which is a critical and scarce resource for any founder. Traditionally business success is linked with sustainable profitability but in the startup world most used method to define success is valuation. Based on CB Insights research, as of January 2022, there are more than 900 unicorns (startup with a valuation of over $1 billion) around the world and of these unicorns less than 10% are profitable. It’s difficult to explain/comprehend how startups’ which are neither profitable nor foresee profitability in near future are valued higher than traditional business with stable profitability. Current valuation methods have impacted the startup ecosystem. Today, founders start their business with exit in mind, the focus of founders is on growth/scale rather than profitability. There is a school of thought that believes that such valuations will soon result in the bursting of the startup bubble just like the dotcom bubble seen in late 1990s. The focus of this paper is to investigate the techniques used by investors for startup valuation and how these techniques are impacting the startup ecosystem and its founders. The paper looks at all stages of the investment cycle, from seed to IPO or takeover and understands the process of valuation at each stage and how it impacts all stakeholders in the ecosystem.
Rare PHEX intron variant causes complete and severe phenotype in a family with hypophosphatemic rickets: a case report
Authors: Aiello Francesca , Pasquali Daniela , Baronio Federico , Cassio Alessandra , Rossi Cesare , Di Fraia Rosa , Carotenuto Raffaela , Digitale Lucia , Festa Adalgisa , Luongo Caterina , Maltoni Giulio , Schiano di Cola Roberta , Del Giudice Emanuele Miraglia , Grandone Anna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Lower limb deformities in children need careful orthopedic evaluation to distinguish physiological forms from pathological ones. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare hereditary condition caused by PHEX gene mutations where tibial varum can be the first sign.

Case presentation
We report a family presenting with severe tibial varum, harbouring a rare PHEX intron mutation, c.1586+6T>C. This is the first clinical description available in literature for this variant. Despite the previous prediction of a mild phenotype in functional study, our patients showed important bone deformities, rickets and impaired growth since infancy followed by severe bone pain, hearing loss and reduced life quality in adulthood. Burosumab therapy improved biochemical and radiological findings in children and ameliorated quality of life in adults.

Conclusions
This case demonstrated c.1586+6T>C causes a severe XLH phenotype, responsive to Burosumab. Familial genetic screening, enlarged to intronic region analysis, when XLH is suspected, allows precocious diagnosis to start timely the appropriate treatment.
If You Build It, They Might Not Come: The Effects of Socioeconomic Predictors on Library Activity and Funding
Authors: Carlozzi Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many surveys have suggested that U.S. public library usage correlates with socioeconomic status and race; persons identifying as Non-Hispanic White, highly-educated, and affluent claim to use library services at a rate greater than those not belonging to these groups. These findings suggests that the dominant model of library service—a brick and mortar localized service point—interfaces poorly with marginalized and disenfranchised persons. This paper combines Public Library Survey and American Community Survey data for 49 U.S. states to explore the relationship between socioeconomic variables and public library usage. Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling, this paper finds corroboration for these surveys at the “community-level,” i.e., communities with higher socioeconomic status and more Non-Hispanic Whiteness are associated with greater levels of library activity. It also finds, using propensity score matching, that local funding is strongly associated with library activity, underscoring the importance of funding advocacy. The analysis suggests that U.S. library administrators who aim to reach marginalized and disenfranchised persons might want to consider service models alternate to the dominant brick and mortar model.
Inorganic nanoparticles promoted synthesis of heterocycles
Authors: Sharma Kongbrailatpam Gayatri 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The application of inorganic nanoparticles as nanocatalyst for synthesizing of nitrogen containing heterocycles are reviewed. While an inclusive summary of the various catalysts utilized in the synthesis of heterocycles is demonstrated with limited focus on the preparation or characterization of the catalyst. The review is being summarized into different sections based on the size and the number of N-atoms in the cyclic compounds.
Improving the purification of aqueous solutions by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species in non-thermal plasma; a systematic review
Authors: Hossaini Hiwa , Pirsaheb Meghdad , Hossini Hooshyar , Derakhshan Ali Ashraf , Asadi Fateme 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Treatment with non-thermal plasma is a reliable technology to oxidize chemical impurities that exist in polluted water, wastewater, and leachate, those degradation-resistant and cannot be removed by conventional treatment methods. In this study, the effective factors affecting in the formation ofreactive oxygen species in non-thermal plasma treatment process, as a new advanced oxidation process method explianed. In this manner, all associated manuscripts existed in the main databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Open Access Journal Directory from 1990 until 2022 were explored. The utilized keywords were involved non-thermal plasma, Cold plasma, Measurement, •OH, O3 and UV. Overall, 8,813 articles were gathered and based on the relevance titles and abstracts, 18 paper were selected for further reviewing. In several studies, plasma techniques have been used to treat water, wastewater and leachate, but few studies have evaluated the factors influencing the production of ROS species by non-thermal plasma. The non-thermal plasma destroys pollutants by reactive free radicals spices (hydroxyl, hydrogen atoms, etc.) a combination effect of strong electric fields, energetically charged particles, and ultrasound. Some factors such as water vapor, hydraulic retention time, inter-electrode spacing, discharge power density, and aeration of the effluent as well as use of catalyst have direct effect on the reactive oxygen species formation. If these factors controlled within the best ranges, it will promote the oxidizing radical production and system performance. Also, high-energy electrons and oxidizing species produced in the cold plasma system can well degrade most of pollution in water and wastewater.
On the O-mode instability generated by dual core-halo solar wind electrons
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Ahmad Fahad , Iqbal Zafar , Abbas Gohar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In situ measurements reported with different spacecraft reveal the temperature anisotropy constraints of solar wind species. Micro-instabilities driven by the temperature anisotropy are investigated as key mechanism which limit an unchecked rise in the temperature anisotropy in dilute space plasmas. The present study considers the excitation of O-mode instability under the excessive electrons parallel temperature condition i.e., T
‖e
> T
⊥e
. Looking at the recent developments made by different satellite missions, a dual core-halo electron distribution is employed that represents a true picture of solar wind electrons. We employ Vlasov–Maxwell’s model equations and derive the dispersion relation of the O-wave whose analytical solution characterizes the growth rate of O-mode instability. We take different sets of temperature anisotropy and beta combinations associated with core-halo electron components that highlight the instability characteristics e.g. growth rate and the range of wave number of unstable mode. We note an increment in the growth rate with the increase of anisotropic ratios associated either with core electrons or halo electrons and or the combination thereof. In view of a global perspective of solar wind, it may be a favorable study with the contribution of non-thermal solar wind electrons.
Kawasaki Disease Following the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Rotavirus Vaccines
Authors: Kamidani Satoshi , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Licata Charles , Daley Matthew F. , Yih W. Katherine , Zerbo Ousseny , Tseng Hung Fu , DeSilva Malini B. , Nelson Jennifer C. , Groom Holly C. , Williams Joshua T.B. , Hambidge Simon J. , Donahue James G. , Belay Ermias D. , Weintraub Eric S. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
Temporal associations between Kawasaki disease (KD) and childhood vaccines have been reported. Limited data on KD following 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) and rotavirus vaccines are available.

METHODS
We conducted a self-controlled risk interval study using Vaccine Safety Datalink electronic health record data to investigate the risk of KD following PCV13 and rotavirus vaccines in children &lt;2 years of age who were born from 2006 to 2017. All hospitalized KD cases identified by International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes that fell within predefined risk (days 1–28 postvaccination) and control (days 29–56 for doses 1 and 2, and days 43–70 for doses 3 and 4) intervals were confirmed by manual chart review.

RESULTS
During the study period, 655 cases of KD were identified by International Classification of Diseases codes. Of these, 97 chart-confirmed cases were within risk or control intervals. In analyses, the age-adjusted relative risk for KD following any dose of PCV13 was 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.21). Similarly, the age-adjusted relative risk for KD following any dose of rotavirus vaccine was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.40–1.09). Overall, there was no evidence of an elevated risk of KD following PCV13 or rotavirus vaccines by dose. In addition, no statistically significant temporal clustering of KD cases was identified during days 1 to 70 postvaccination.

CONCLUSIONS
PCV13 and rotavirus vaccination were not associated with an increased risk of KD in children &lt;2 years of age. Our findings provide additional evidence for the overall safety of PCV13 and rotavirus vaccines.
A Metric Instrument for the Games with Cultural Heritage
Authors: Liu Noreena Yi-Chin , Miao Kevin Chi-Jen , Ying Darren Chen Yi 
Published: November 2022

This paper reviews existing research within two fields; game studies and cultural heritage, discovering inadequacies in current digital means of cultural heritage preservation. It is not unheard of that commercial games have been utilized to showcase them, but they tend to get glossed over in favor of serious games. Therefore, this study details two new tools that can further identify and assess the level of cultural heritage content in commercial games which will benefit not just their digital preservation, but also game developers and game design researchers.
A unique conceptual framework was developed for analysing video game content specifically on four elements of cultural heritage and five elements of game components in both tangible and intangible forms. Exploratory tables of metrics were also created to quantify said content with the help of the existing Goal Question and Metric (GQM) table. They were then put to the test in two trials; Experiment I analysing 6 game franchises and Experiment II testing 28 games. Both demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of cultural heritage, much more than past works credited. Further research into this area, including adapting said tools for other game studies and commercial games usage will be possible and fruitful.
New Insights into the Role and Mechanism of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Epinephelus awoara Infected with Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Zhu Z.Q. , Xu G.H. , Chen Y.N. , Yi X. , Jiang X.L. , Xu X.J. 
Published: November 2022

Background: The cytokine Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in inflammatory diseases. The objective of the present study was to measure the expression levels of MIF in the tissues of Epinephelus awoara (E. awoara). mRNA levels of MIF were investigated in the tissues including spleen, liver, brain, head kidney, stomach, gill, heart, intestine and muscle of E. awoara. Methods: In the experiment, E. awoara were infected with V. alginolyticus and then they were analyzed by ELISA to confirm the mRNA levels of MIF, TNF-α and IL-1 in the many tissues in diseased fishes were higher than those in healthy fishes. Result: The mRNA levels increased significantly in treatment groups. Likewise, E. awoara with V. alginolyticus infections showed significant increases in IL-1 and TNF-α tissues content of intestine, head kidney, liver, muscle and spleen, respectively. There was evidence that MIF stimulates the release of TNF-á and IL-1. The results have the potential to perpetuate that MIF is connected with the inflammatory process in V. alginolyticus infectious diseases.
Enhancing students’ literacy skills through social constructivism-based literacy learning environment model
Authors: Hilmawan Hilman , Musthafa Bachrudin , Agustin Mubiar 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to enhance students’ literacy skills through a social constructivism-based literacy learning environment model. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control group design. Participants in this study were 74 third-year students of one of the public elementary schools. The instruments were the reading skill test and rubric instruments to assess narrative essay writing skills. Data were analysed through the average score and hypothesis test. The average scores of reading and writing in the experimental class were higher than the control class. Then, there is a significant influence of the social constructivism-based literacy learning environment model and regular learning on students’ literacy skills. Moreover, there is a significant difference between the influence of learning in the experimental and control classes. It can be concluded that a social constructivism-based literacy learning environment model can enhance students’ literacy skills.

Keywords: Literacy learning environment model; literacy skills; social constructivism
Development of the project activities of future primary school teachers based on a collaborative environment
Authors: Seidualiyeva Arailym , Stambekova Assel , Meterbayeva Kulbarshyn , Аrzanbayeva Bakhytzhamal , Aitzhanova Elmira , Sekenova Aigerim 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the views of future primary school teachers on the development of project activities based on a collaborative environment. Permanent teaching is provided by providing diversity in learning with new generation learning techniques. For this purpose, the project activities listed in the education faculties of the universities were analysed. Primary school teacher candidates' opinions on whether education is provided in a cooperative learning environment in project activities are very important. Depending on the results of this research, it will be clear whether the prospective classroom teachers will use these techniques in their future professional lives. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was used with the participation of 72 university students in the spring term of 2021–2022 in order to determine the opinions of the students of the classroom teaching department studying at the university about the collaborative environment. Project-based teaching and two universities with education faculties were included in the research. The research study group consists of senior students studying at the education faculty of the university. As a result of the survey, the opinions of future classroom teachers about the probe activities and the collaborative environment were taken. Semi-structured interview questions prepared by the researchers were asked of the students. It was revealed that, in the last year, teacher candidates studying in the department of primary school teaching were effective in project-based learning and supported the collaborative approach. In the same way, it was suggested that the project activities of the teacher candidates should be increased.

Keywords: Teacher training, classroom teaching, project-based teaching, collaboration, education