bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm developed by implementing Modified Cubic Hyperbolic B-Spline based Differential Quadrature Method on non-linear Burgers’ equation
Authors: Kapoor Mamta , Joshi Varun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Present paper proposed a novel regime has been proposed named “Modified Cubic Hyperbolic B-Spline Differential Quadrature Method.” In the present method, a cubic Hyperbolic B-spline is used as a test function in the “Differential quadrature method.” This method has been employed to test the effectiveness and feasibility of approximation of the 1-D Burgers’ equation. In order to check the compatibility of the proposed method, a variety of test problems are discussed. A comparison is made between L2
and L∞
error norms by considering some examples already present in literature. The corresponding set of Ordinary Differential Equations is solved by using the Strong-Stability-Preserving Runge-Kutta (43) method, i.e. (SSP-RK43) method. It has been observed that obtained results have excellent compatibility with numerical approximations discussed in literature. Stability of developed regime is addressed by eigen values method.”
To Study the Bianchi type V Cosmological Model with Quadratic Equation of State in Modified theory of Gravity
Authors: Kumar R , Tandon R , Gupta J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, Bianchi type-V cosmological model in perfect fluid with quadratic equation of state p= αρ2-ρ, where α≠ 0, has been studied in modified theory of gravity. The general solution of the f(R, T) equations for Bianchi type-V space-time has been obtained by considering a law of variation of scale factor which yields a time dependent deceleration parameter. The model represents the transition of the universe from early deceleration phase to the recent accelerated expansion phase.
Thermophysical and conductometric study of lithium perchlorate in binary aqueous mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400)
Authors: Rana Sapna , Thakur Ramesh C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present study apparent molar volume, partial molar volume, viscosity and conductance parameters of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) in 0.01m, 0.03m and 0.05m aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) have been determined by using density, viscosity and conductance data at five equidistant temperatures 298.15K, 303.15K, 308.15K, 313.15K and 318.15K. Data is analysed in terms of various molecular interactions by using Masson’s and Jones-Dole equations. The structure making/breaking behaviour of LiClO4 is interpreted from 2 the sign of [∂2 ϕv°/∂T2], dB/dT and temperature coefficient of Walden product i.e., d(Λm°η°)/dT values. In the present study LiClO4 has been found as structure-maker in 0.01 m, 0.03m and 0.05m aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG-400).
To study the effect of laser frequency-chirp on trapped electrons in laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The wakefield excitation and electron acceleration is investigated in the presence of laser pulse with and without frequency-chirp in an under-dense plasma via particle in cell simulation. For this purpose, first 1D model of laser wakefield acceleration is revisited. The analytical expressions for the longitudinal wake-potential and wakefield generated behind the laser pulse are obtained. The results show that the wake-fields excited by laser pulses are strongly dependent on the chirp parameter. These results could be very useful as a starting point for optimization studies for a real LWFA experiment.
Inter-molecular investigation of polyethylene glycols in methanol and butylparaben mixture to compute volumetric and acoustic parameters at 293.15 & 298.15 k temperature
Authors: Thakur Ashima , Anand Vibhakar , Kumari Anjali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Acoustic parameters such as acoustic impedance, intermolecular free length, adiabatic compressibility, relative association, and Gibb’s free energy of polyethylene glycols of molecular weight 200 and 600 in methanol butylparaben solution were investigated using ultrasonic velocity and density measurements at temperatures T=293.15 and 298.15k and experimental pressure p=0.1MPa. The acoustic parameters adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length obey the same pattern as these measured parameters; however, the parameter acoustic impedance follows the opposite trend. In the current scheme under investigation, there are strong interactions between the solute and solvent molecules.
Structural Phase Transformation in REX (La, Ce and Pr) Chalcogenides: A Combined Study
Authors: Verma Sandeep 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The chalcogenides of the rare earth have always been considered for the study because of their partially filled f-electrons. These partially f-electrons are accountable for various unusual physical and chemical properties of the materials. Some thermodynamic variables also play important role for various other properties like valence change, structural change and state change. The pressure is one of the thermodynamic variables under which solids change their structures. Generally, binary rare earth chalcogenides have NaCl-type structure under ambient conditions. In this paper we have discussed pressure induced structural phase transition in chalcogenides (X=S, Se and Te) of rare earth elements (RE = La, Ce and Pr) as LaX, CeX and PrX compounds along with their ground state properties using various first principles theories and experimental techniques. These compounds undergo pressure driven structural phase transition from NaCl-type (B1) to CsCl-type (B2).
The optimal number of servers in a many server queuing system
Authors: Abubakar Ibrahim Adamu , Arora Geeta , Kumar Banti , Danjuma Mustapha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Classical queuing theory may be described as a branch of applied probability theory dealing with a model denoted by GI|G|S and with special cases and variants of this model. In the model GI|G|S we assume that customers arriving according to a renewal process want to be served by one of S identical server, requiring service times which are independent and identically distributed if customers cannot be served immediately they join a queue to wait for service. Several queue disciplines (i.e. the order in which customers are served) may be considered. Moreover, one can think of any different configurations (network) of servers, in parallel or in series or both, which are of practical interest. For such models one usually study the distributions of quantities like the waiting time, the queue length of a busy period. In this approach the question of optimality does not come up immediately. In practice, however, queuing models are applied for making good or preferably optimal decisions. These decisions may concern the queuing system itself, e.g. one may vary one or more parameters or change the queue discipline or the configuration of servers; they may also influence the arrival or queuing behavior of the customers
Accelerated Homotopy Perturbation Elzaki Transformation Method for Solving Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Jasrotia Shabnam , Singh Prince 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, Accelerated Homotopy perturbation Elzaki Transformation Method (AHPETM) is applied to obtained an approximate series solution of the nonlinear partial differential equation. The proposed method was derived by combining accelerated homotopy perturbation method and Elzaki transform. This method is capable of reducing the size of computational work and found to be more efficient method. To support the effectiveness and legitimacy of proposed method, the proposed technique is implemented on nonlinear partial differential equation.
Fuzzy ELECTRE and TOPSIS method to analyze the risk factors of tuberculosis
Authors: Ezhilarasan N. , Felix A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs and it is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. WHO reported that nearly 1.4 million people died of TB in 2019 and TB is one of the top 10 causes of death in the world. Over 95% of cases and deaths are occurring in developing countries and a lot of factors such as diabetes, immune problem, malnutrition, alcohol, active smoking, crowded places, HIV infection, air pollution, kidney diseases, cancer and tuberculosis treatment workers are linked to TB. So, it is our utmost interest is to analyze the risk factors of TB. Therefore, this present study intended to combine the salient features of ELECTRE and TOPSIS methods under a fuzzy environment to analyze the risk factors of TB. Moreover, the comparative analysis is demonstrated to find the most influencing risk factors of TB. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is also performed using the entropy method to verify the results.
Cost effective light weight concrete with saw dust and brick ballast
Authors: Garg A , Sharma P K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Use of conventional material such as cement, sand and gravel for the production of concrete has increased their demand and so created shortage of material and escalated the cost. In this study the locally available waste materials like Saw dust and Brick Ballast are used to partially replace the river sand and gravels respectively to produce light weight and low cost concrete with optimum strength. The different combinations of concrete with 4%, 8% and 12% Saw Dust (SD) and 8%, 16% and 24% Brick Ballast (BB) are being used and compared with normal concrete of M30 grade, where partial replacement of river sand and coarse aggregates are done by saw dust and brick ballast respectively. Concrete is tested for density, workability and compressive strength and a comparative analysis is done in terms of their physical properties and cost savings. It has been observed from the study that on increase in percentage of sawdust and brick ballast in concrete lead to a corresponding reduction in workability and compressive strength. The optimum mix founded is with 4% of sawdust and 24% of Brick ballast having compressive strength of 32.13 N/sq. mm with the weight reduction of 10.54% and the cost reduction of 5.46%. This optimum mix concrete can be used for lean concrete works like PCC in foundation, Flooring, Tile making. This research will not only enrich the domain but will also be very helpful in sustainable development of the nation.
Down conversions excitation dependent luminescent properties of Terbium Aluminum Garnet
Authors: Bala Anu , Rani Suman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTAG (terbium aluminum garnet, (Tb3Al5O12) is being investigated recently for their applications in the realization of photonic devices because of its broad transmission ranging from 350 to 1500nm. An emission property of any material depends upon electronic transition levels, temperature, excitation wavelength etc. A lot of research had been reported on temperature dependent emission properties of TAG. In this study an attempt had been made to explore the excitation dependent emission properties of TAG. TAG was prepared by sol gel technique followed by sintering at 1100°C. Structural phase was analysis from the XRD spectra. XRD studies confirmed the formation of nano material and has cubic structure. The emission properties were studied by exciting the TAG by UV light and blue light i.e. 280nm, 300nm, 380 nm, 400nm, 480 and 484nm. Spectra power distribution curve was obtained from emission data excited by with UV radiation and blue light. From emission spectra, Colour co-ordinates (CIE), colour correlated temperature (CCT) and colour purity were calculated for TAG at different excitation. Emission properties indicates that TAG is potential nanophosphor for optical devices.
Acoustic studies of molecular interactions of chlorhexidine with glycols at different temperatures
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Juglan K.C. , Kumar Harsh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Density and Ultrasonic Velocity of chlorhexidine with glycols have been measured at different range of temperatures for different concentrations. Ultrasonic and volumetric data has been used to calculate various parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, available volume, molar volume, intermolecular free length, Rao’s constant, Van Der Waal Constant, Wada’s constant, relative intensity, and effective molecular weight. The calculated various parameters suggest solute-solvent interactions occurring in the liquid mixtures. Some other parameters suggest dipole-dipole interactions or formation of complex or charge transfer interactions.
Mo2C-MoS2 heterojunction a suitable and stable electrocatalyst for HER and supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Ahmad Mir Rameez , Upadhyay Sanjay , Kaur Navpreet , Pandey O.P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present work, Mo2C-MoS2 heterojunction structures have been prepared by the wet impregnation method. For heterojunction species, the content of MoS2 was varied from 5 to 20% by weight. The effect of the loading content of MoS2 over Mo2C on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and electrochemical (EC) capacitance performance has been studied in detail. The Mo-C-S junction plays a key role in enhancing the HER activity and EC capacitance performance than the individual components. The prepared structures show enhanced HER activity with high current density ~36.2-78.3 mAcm-2 at very low applied potential (0.45 V), exhibiting a lower Tafel slope of 102.4 mVdec-1. The EC capacitor performance determined by CV and galvanic charge-discharge (GCD) reveals that the synthesized samples exhibit an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC, Cdl) behavior. The higher EDLC (43.9 mFcm-2) and specific capacitance (2Fg-1) obtained for the synthesized samples determine their potential applicability for the new generation supercapacitors.
Propagation of SH-waves in two layered piezoelectric/fiber-reinforced composite plate
Authors: Singh Kulwinder , Sawhney Shruti , Pathania D.S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article deals with the study of propagation of shears waves in a composite structure consisting of a piezoelectric layer superimposed on a layer of fiber-reinforced material. A mathematical model is framed and the dispersion relation of shear wave is derived analytically. By suitable substitutions the dispersion relation obtained is reduced to the well-known classical Love wave equation. The effects of various parameters such as wave number, thickness ratio and the direction of fiber-reinforced parameters on the shears wave velocity has been investigated and depicted graphically.
A mini-review on rare earth metal doped ZnO nanomaterials for photocatalytic remediation of waste water
Authors: Kumar Ripan , Dosanjh H S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The mineralization and degradation of organic compounds present in waste water by heterogeneous photocatalysis has gained wide attention due to its effectiveness and tenancy to utilize UV-Visible solar light spectrum. The chemical stability, non-toxic character, magnificent electrical and optical properties have been recognized the ZnO as useful material for waste water treatment in environmental remediation technology. However, photocatalytic activity of ZnO limited to ultraviolet region because of its wide band gap (3.37eV). ZnO wide band gap obstruct photo-excitation for actual photocatalytic applications under abundant, safe and clean solar energy source. Many methods have been evolved in last decades to overcome this barrier. ZnO surfaces have been tailored with rare-earth metals to enhance its optical, surface and photocatalytic properties by different research groups. The doping with rare-earth metal ions enhanced the efficiency of ZnO photocatalyst by reducing band gap and shifted the absorbed wavelength to the visible region. This review paper compiles the attempts on modification of ZnO and their effect on photocatalytic activities by using rare earth metals.
Machine learning based computer aided diagnosis system for classification of breast masses in mammograms
Authors: Singh Harmandeep , Sharma Vipul , Singh Damanpreet 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be the most common cancer in the fastest developing and the developed nations. Early detection by using mammography has been proven as the best prognosis. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems are being used as second reader for the analysis and interpretation of mammogram images. In the last two decades, although breast cancer incidence has increased by many folds but unfortunately the progress in this field has almost stagnated. Therefore, the CAD systems need to be improved to be considered useful. In this study, a machine learning based CAD system for segmentation and classification of breast masses have been proposed. The IRMA Version of DDSM dataset has been used for experimentation and evaluation of the proposed system. Exact breast masses were segmented from manually extracted ROIs of 700*700 pixels by employing an improved seeded region growing algorithm. Various geometry and texture features were computed from the segmented mass lesions and corresponding ROIs respectively. The classification performances of nine state-of-the-art classifiers namely K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Multi-class Support Vector Machine (mSVM), Decision Tree (DT), Discriminate Analysis (DA), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Ensemble Tree (ET) have been investigated in this study. On evaluating the experimental results for all the classifiers, highest classification accuracy is obtained with SVM classifier. The experimental results reveal that the proposed improved seeded region growing approach has been proven helpful in improving the classification performance of the proposed system.
Advancement of Gate Oxides from SiO2 to High-k Dielectrics in Microprocessor and Memory
Authors: Sharma U. , Kumar G. , Mishra S. , Thomas R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Silicon and its native oxides (SiO2) have led the continuous development in the integrated circuits for decades. The excellent insulating properties of SiO2 and silicon/SiO2 interface quality were used as capacitor dielectrics in random-access memories (RAM’s) and transistor gate dielectrics in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS’s), respectively, for the memory and logic devices. These are the core components and act as the heart of the semiconductor industry. However, reducing the thickness of SiO2 to increase the capacitance at a reduced lateral size resulted into high leakage current and large power consumption in the aforementioned high-density semiconductor devices. To overcome this concern, high-permittivity materials were considered in replacing the SiO2 to achieve high capacitance at a higher thickness. Numerous materials ranging from Al2O3 (k~9) to perovskites (k~102-104) are being actively investigated but Hafnium based compound high-k dielectric/metal gate (k~10-15) captivate great attention and used for logic and memory devices. However, finding a real high-k material (k~25-40) with silicon is a major challenge by itself as it requires an ideal interface with minimum defects. Therefore, with this article, we review the efforts in replacing SiO2 with higher-k dielectrics over the years to match the performance of processor from generation to generation.
Design of Hybrid Counter using Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron
Authors: Narendran S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Power consumption is one of the most considered factors while designing any electronics digital circuit. In which, the Adiabatic Quantum Flux parametron (AQFP) is one of the best superconducting technology for reduced power factor. Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron (AQFP) will be powered by the use of AC (Alternating Current) in place of DC power supply. In this research article, a hybrid counter is designed based on Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron (AQFP). The hybrid counter is modelled using parallel counter circuits. This counter is designed based on different stages of manipulation. The different stages are based on the number of bits used in the design. Here the design is made up of 4 - bit hybrid counter with four stages of computation and due to these stages of computation, the computation cost is reduced up to 28% compared to existing semiconductor counter electronics circuits. Since the computation cost is reduced, which directly implies that the speed of design is high speed and power is also reduced in huge factors in range of nanowatts.
Prime labeling of 3-shadow graph of some star related graphs
Authors: Annamma V , Begum N Hameeda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A graph G = (V(G), E (G)) is observed to admit prime labeling when the vertices of the graph are labeled with unique integral values from [1,|V|] in a way that for every edge uυ the labels designated to u and υ share no common positive factors except 1. In this research article we investigate that the 3-shadow graphs of some star related graphs such as K
1,n
, B (n, n) and Spl(K
1,n
) admits prime labeling.
Application of Urea Formaldehyde Raisin in Pavement Subgrade Stabilization at Hindon Barrage
Authors: Bansal V , Shukla B K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Proper stabilization of foundation and subgrade is one of the major concerns in modern civil engineering projects. Development of modern infrastructure is causing harmful effect on environment by using chemicals. This situation has caused necessity to discover alternative techniques to achieve desired result without harming environment. Present paper studies use of urea formaldehyde raisin on chemical and physical stability of subgrade. Study was conducted by varying contents of urea formaldehyde by 1%, 3% and 5% and strength, ultimate bearing capacity and other relevant soil strength parameters were determined. At the end, cost benefits analysis was also conducted for the current method with respect to alternate subgrade stabilization techniques.
Investigation for the numerical solution of Klein-Gordon equations using scale 3 Haar wavelets
Authors: Kumar Ratesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, a new numerical technique based upon Haar scale 3 wavelets is proposed for the solution of Klein-Gordon equations. Klein-Gordon equation occurs in many phenomena of applied physics such as quantum field theory, fluid dynamics, etc. Wavelets have become a powerful tool in almost all areas of engineering and science. Therefore, in this technique, spatial discretization is done by Haar scale 3 Wavelets. The collocation method is used with Haar scale 3 wavelets to convert Klein-Gordon equation into the system of algebraic equations. To deal with the non-linearities in equations, the quasilinearization process is used. The proposed scheme is tested on three test problems of the above-said types, and the proposed scheme’s competency is established.
Properties Of 2-Fibonacci Sequence
Authors: Verma Vipin , Priyanka  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, properties of 2-Fibonacci sequence {Cn
} defined by C

n+4 = C

n+2 + 2C

n+1 + Cn
are developed and proved in the form of closed forms of the summation formulas. Also, the closed form of summation formulas of its square has been proved. In particular, the properties involving alternating sum of 2-Fibonacci sequence and product of 2-Fibonacci terms having different indices are discussed. We present the proofs to indicate how these formulas, in general, were developed. Of course, all the listed properties are proved by induction.