bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evidence That Circadian Alignment Predicts Neural Response to Monetary Reward in Late Adolescent Drinkers
Authors: Hasler Brant P. , Graves Jessica L. , Soehner Adriane M. , Wallace Meredith L. , Clark Duncan B. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundRobust evidence links sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, with a growing literature implicating reward-related mechanisms. However, the extant literature has been limited by cross-sectional designs, self-report or behavioral proxies for circadian timing, and samples without substantive alcohol use. Here, we employed objective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, and an intensive prospective design, to assess whether circadian alignment predicts the neural response to reward in a sample of late adolescents reporting regular alcohol use.MethodsParticipants included 31 late adolescents (18–22 y/o; 19 female participants) reporting weekly alcohol use. Participants completed a 14-day protocol including pre- and post-weekend (Thursday and Sunday) circadian phase assessmentsviathe dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), in counterbalanced order. Sleep-wake timing was assessedviaactigraphy. Circadian alignment was operationalized as the DLMO-midsleep interval; secondary analyses considered social jet lag based on weekday-weekend differences in midsleep or DLMO. Neural response to reward (anticipation and outcome) was assessedviaa monetary reward fMRI task (Friday and Monday scans). Alcohol use was assessed at baseline andviaecological momentary assessment. Mean BOLD signal was extracted from two regions-of-interest (striatum and medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC) for analyses in regression models, accounting for age, sex, racial identity, and scan order.ResultsIn primary analyses, shorter DLMO-midsleep intervals (i.e., greater misalignment) on Thursday predicted lower striatal and mPFC responses to anticipated reward, but not reward outcome, on Friday. Lower neural (striatum and mPFC) responses to anticipated reward on Friday correlated with more binge-drinking episodes at baseline, but were not associated with alcohol use in the post-scan weekend. In secondary analyses, greater social jet lag (particularly larger weekend delays in midsleep or DLMO) was associated with lower neural responses to reward anticipation on Monday.ConclusionFindings provide preliminary evidence of proximal associations between objectively determined circadian alignment and the neural response to anticipated monetary reward, which is linked in turn to patterns of problematic drinking. Replication in a larger sample and experimental designs will be important next steps to determining the extent to which circadian misalignment influences risk for alcohol involvementviaalterations in reward function.
Varying Dietary Component Ratios and Lingonberry Supplementation May Affect the Hippocampal Structure of ApoE–/– Mice
Authors: Shepilov Dmytro , Kovalenko Tatiana , Osadchenko Iryna , Smozhanyk Kateryna , Marungruang Nittaya , Ushakova Galyna , Muraviova Diana , Hållenius Frida , Prykhodko Olena , Skibo Galyna 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate and compare the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the hippocampus and the spatial memory of young adult ApoE–/– mice on a standard chow diet, a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD supplemented with lingonberries.MethodsEight-week-old ApoE–/– males were divided into five groups fed standard chow (Control), an LFD (LF), an HFD (HF), and an HFD supplemented with whole lingonberries (HF+WhLB) or the insoluble fraction of lingonberries (HF+InsLB) for 8 weeks. The hippocampal cellular structure was evaluated using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry; biochemical analysis and T-maze test were also performed. Structural synaptic plasticity was assessed using electron microscopy.ResultsApoE–/– mice fed an LFD expressed a reduction in the number of intact CA1 pyramidal neurons compared with HF+InsLB animals and the 1.6–3.8-fold higher density of hyperchromic (damaged) hippocampal neurons relative to other groups. The LF group had also morphological and biochemical indications of astrogliosis. Meanwhile, both LFD- and HFD-fed mice demonstrated moderate microglial activation and a decline in synaptic density. The consumption of lingonberry supplements significantly reduced the microglia cell area, elevated the total number of synapses and multiple synapses, and increased postsynaptic density length in the hippocampus of ApoE–/– mice, as compared to an LFD and an HFD without lingonberries.ConclusionOur results suggest that, in contrast to the inclusion of fats in a diet, increased starch amount (an LFD) and reduction of dietary fiber (an LFD/HFD) might be unfavorable for the hippocampal structure of young adult (16-week-old) male ApoE–/– mice. Lingonberries and their insoluble fraction seem to provide a neuroprotective effect on altered synaptic plasticity in ApoE–/– animals. Observed morphological changes in the hippocampus did not result in notable spatial memory decline.
Adverse Events Reporting of Clinical Trials in Exercise Oncology Research (ADVANCE): Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Luo Hao , Schumacher Oliver , Galvão Daniel A. , Newton Robert U. , Taaffe Dennis R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAdequate, transparent, and consistent reporting of adverse events (AEs) in exercise oncology trials is critical to assess the safety of exercise interventions for people following a cancer diagnosis. However, there is little understanding of how AEs are reported in exercise oncology trials. Thus, we propose to conduct a scoping review to summarise and evaluate current practice of reporting of AEs in published exercise oncology trials with further exploration of factors associated with inadequate reporting of AEs. The study findings will serve to inform the need for future research on standardisation of the definition, collection, and reporting of AEs for exercise oncology research.Materials and MethodsThe ADVANCE (ADverse eVents reporting of clinicAl trials iN exerCise oncology rEsearch) study will be conducted and reported following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guideline. Any type of clinical trial involving an exercise intervention in people living with and beyond cancer with a full-text report in English will be included. Six electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL Plus) will be searched for studies. Two independent review authors will assess eligibility of identified studies, chart data using pre-established extraction forms, and evaluate adequacy of reporting of AEs-related data against a 20-item scoring checklist derived from the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) harms extension. We will summarise results using descriptive and inferential analysis methods.Ethics and DisseminationNo ethics approval will be required to conduct the ADVANCE study owing to inclusion of only published data. The study results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and internationa conferences.Systematic Review RegistrationOpen Science Framework: https://osf.io/NXEJD/ (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/NXEJD).
TMI-1, TNF-α-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Protects Against Paclitaxel-Induced Neurotoxicity in the DRG Neuronal Cells In Vitro
Authors: Kim Yesul , Jung Young-Hoon , Park Seung-Bin , Kim Heekee , Kwon Jae-young , Kim Hae-kyu , Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Jeon Soeun , Kim Eunsoo 
Published: February 2022

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) negatively impacts cancer survivors’ quality of life and is challenging to treat with existing drugs for neuropathic pain. TNF-α is known to potentiate TRPV1 activity, which contributes to CIPN. Here, we assessed the role of TMI-1, a TNF-α-converting enzyme inhibitor, in paclitaxel (PAC)-induced neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells.Materials and Methods: Immortalized DRG neuronal 50B11 cells were cultured and treated with PAC or PAC with TMI-1 following neuronal differentiation. Cell viability, analysis of neurite growth, immunofluorescence, calcium flow cytometry, western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR, and cytokine quantitation by ELISA were performed to determine the role of TMI-1 in neurotoxicity in neuronal cells.Results: PAC administration decreased the length of neurites and upregulated the expression of TRPV1 in 50B11 cells. TMI-1 administration showed a protective effect by suppressing inflammatory signaling, and secretion of TNF-α.Conclusion: TMI-1 partially protects against paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity by reversing the upregulation of TRPV1 and decreasing levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in neuronal cells.
Examining the Relationship Between Basic Psychological Needs and Athlete Identity During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Parker Patti C. , Beeby Adam M. , Daniels Lia M. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesDuring COVID-19 athletes have had games canceled, seasons postponed, and social supports lost. These changes negatively impact their motivation, and potentially identity, as athletes. We draw on self-determination theory to examine motivation in sport and its relationship with athlete identity during COVID-19.DesignA cross-sectional study design was employed consisting of online quantitative surveys.MethodWe gathered background engagement and motivation data from 115 athletes involved in organized sport. They responded to questions on basic psychological needs satisfaction (competence, relatedness, autonomy) and athlete identity.ResultsWhen reflecting on their basic psychological needs during the pandemic, most athletes considered them important. Athletes' competence and relatedness in sport were associated with social-related athlete identity, but not autonomy. Only relatedness in sport was associated with exclusivity-related social identity.ConclusionsUsing a self-determination theoretical lens, our findings contribute to understanding athlete motivation and identities when sport is interrupted.
Safety Evaluation of a Medical Congress Held During the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Prospective Cohort
Authors: Sumer Johannes , Flury Domenica , Kahlert Christian R. , Mueller Nicolas J. , Risch Lorenz , Nigg Susanne , Seneghini Marco , Vernazza Pietro , Schlegel Matthias , Kohler Philipp 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, few scientific congresses have been held on-site. We prospectively evaluated the safety concept of the congress of the Swiss Societies of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene.Methods: The congress was held in Geneva (Switzerland) while local COVID-19 incidence (with SARS-CoV-2 wild type circulating) was 65/100,000 population (September 2020). A rigorous safety concept was implemented. Congress attendees filled out a questionnaire to assess risk perception, exposures, symptoms and diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 before, during and after the congress. Dried blood spots were taken on-site and 4 weeks later to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversions.Results: Of 365 congress attendees, 196 (54%) either answered the questionnaire (N = 150) or provided baseline and follow-up blood samples (N = 168). None of the participants reported a positive PCR in the 2 weeks after the congress. Five of 168 (3%) participants were seropositive at follow-up, all of which had already been positive at baseline.Conclusion: Findings indicate that congresses with a rigorous safety concept may take place, even in areas with moderately-high COVID-19 activity. Whether this holds true in vaccinated populations and with more transmissible viral variants circulating remains unclear.
Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in High Income Countries Prior to Vaccine Approval and Rollout: A Narrative Review
Authors: Steffens Maryke S. , Bullivant Bianca , Bolsewicz Kasia , King Catherine , Beard Frank 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Acceptance and high uptake of COVID-19 vaccines continues to be critical for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review aimed to summarise findings on factors influencing acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in the period leading up to the approval and rollout.Methods: We conducted a narrative review of literature published in 2020 on factors influencing acceptance of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines in adults in high income countries with well-established health systems.Results: Facilitators of acceptance included confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness, high COVID-19 disease risk perception and trust in health authorities and other vaccine stakeholders, including government. Barriers included safety and effectiveness concerns, perceived scientific uncertainty, low disease risk perception, and low trust in authorities and other stakeholders.Conclusion: Evidence on facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, at a time prior to vaccine rollout, can help health authorities address hesitancy and may inform approaches to support acceptance of novel pandemic vaccines in the future. Future research should include in-depth qualitative research to gather more nuanced evidence.
Effects of Silage-Based Diets and Cattle Efficiency Type on Performance, Profitability, and Predicted CH4 Emission of Backgrounding Steers
Authors: Khakbazan Mohammad , Block Hushton C. , Huang John , Colyn Jeff J. , Baron Vern S. , Basarab John A. , Li Changxi , Ekine-Dzivenu Chinyere 
Published: February 2022

Feed costs are the largest expense in commercial beef production. Increasing cattle (Bos taurus) feed efficiency should reduce feed costs and increase beef profitability. This study used data from two years of a backgrounding trial conducted in Lacombe, Alberta, Canada. The evaluation looked at economic and predicted CH4 emission impacts of diet quality and cattle efficiency type in backgrounding systems. The hypothesis was that diet quality from use of barley (Hordeum vulgare c.v. Canmore) or triticale (xTriticosecale c.v. Bunker) silage-based diets and cattle efficiency type defined by residual feed intake would interact to affect profitability and CH4 emissions. Effects of diet and cattle efficiency type on profitability and CO2e emissions were assessed using statistical and stochastic risk simulation. The profitability of beef backgrounding was affected by cattle efficiency type and diet quality with higher quality barley silage also lowering CO2e emissions. The difference in certainty equivalent (CAD~30 steer−1) of efficient steers on barley silage and inefficient steers on barley silage or efficient or inefficient steers on triticale silage supports a beef backgrounding producer focus on diet quality and cattle efficiency type. This study did not address potential agronomic differences, including yield, which could provide nuance to forage choice.
Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Wizened Bud Formation in Pear Trees
Authors: Du Wei , Shi Chunmei , Hussain Syed Bilal , Li Mingqiu , Fan Jing , Chen Qiliang , Zhang Jingguo , Liu Yongzhong , Yang Xiaoping , Hu Hongju 
Published: February 2022

Wizened buds are frequently observed in pear (Pyrus spp.) trees, which greatly reduces the yield. However, little is known about the mechanism of wizened bud formation. Here, we analyzed physiological and transcriptomic differences between normal buds and wizened buds of ‘710’ pear trees. The results indicated that the sorbitol and boron (B) contents, during bud differentiation, were significantly reduced in wizened buds. The microscopic observation and transcriptome analysis revealed that the collapse of the organ structure and cell wall loosening process may have a close relation with wizened bud formation. Moreover, reduced transcript levels of PpyMYB39.1 and its downstream genes (PpyHT1, PpyHT2, PpyPMEI1 and PpyPMEI2) were found in wizened buds. However, the transcript levels of pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway genes (PpyPME3, PpyPL18.1, PpyPL18.2, PpyPG1 and PpyPG2) and the concentration of pectin-degradation-related enzymes were increased in wizened buds. Correspondingly, the pectin concentration was significantly reduced in wizened buds. Taken together, PpyMYB39.1 may promote pectin degradation and decrease carbohydrate transport by regulating its downstream genes and is supposed to play a vital role in the wizened bud formation resulting from the cell wall loosening process. Our study provides fundamental insights into wizened bud formation and strategies to reduce the wizened bud occurrence in pear trees.
Temperature and Gate-Length Dependence of Subthreshold RF Detection in GaN HEMTs
Authors: Paz-Martínez Gaudencio , Íñiguez-de-la-Torre Ignacio , Sánchez-Martín Héctor , Novoa-López José Antonio , Hoel Virginie , Cordier Yvon , Mateos Javier , González Tomás 
Published: February 2022

The responsivity of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) when operating as zero-bias RF detectors in the subthreshold regime exhibits different behaviors depending on the operating temperature and gate length of the transistors. We have characterized in temperature (8–400 K) the detection performance of HEMTs with different gate lengths (75–250 nm). The detection results at 1 GHz can be reproduced by a quasi-static model, which allows us to interpret them by inspection of the output ID − VDS curves of the transistors. We explain the different behaviors observed in terms of the presence or absence of a shift in the zero-current operating point originating from the existence of the gate-leakage current jointly with temperature effects related to the ionization of bulk traps.
Women’s information needs around urine testing for urinary tract infections: a qualitative study
Authors: Glogowska Margaret , Croxson Caroline , Hayward Gail 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest bacterial infections in general practice, with urine testing a frequent feature of its management. Urinary dipsticks are widely used, with urine culture the reference standard test. To avoid contamination, patients are advised to discard the first part of the urine stream, retaining the midstream part for the sample. This process, however, can be challenging both to explain and to perform. There is a lack of literature investigating women’s perceptions and understanding of urine sampling.AimTo explore women’s understanding of urine collection, sample contamination, and how information from samples informed UTI management.Design and settingQualitative study embedded in a UK randomised controlled trial (RCT) of urinary collection devices (UCDs) among women attending primary care with a suspected UTI.MethodSemi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 29 women participating in the RCT. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsParticipants were not always aware about what midstream samples were and why they were preferable. They also lacked understanding about how urine samples may be contaminated, and sources of contamination. Participants experienced variability in the information received following analysis of their sample.ConclusionProvision of clear information could help provide better urine samples, aiding the diagnosis of UTIs, presenting results with greater clarity, and creating less need for repeat samples. Sharing of information derived from uncontaminated samples may also support better UTI management, helping to reduce unnecessary prescribing and antibiotic resistance.
emergencia de “territorios de violencia”:
Authors: Pierantoni Rosina 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo busca analizar, describir y sistematizar, las principales transformaciones territoriales producidas en los barrios de la zona sur de Rosario. La expansión de la ilegalidad, como así también la emergencia de redes clandestinas, generan sutiles mecanismos de control social sobre la población y, en términos de Foucault, existe una utilización de procedimientos disciplinarios generados a partir del poder que estas redes detentan, son técnicas que permiten el control minucioso del cuerpo, imponiendo docilidad y utilidad sobre las poblaciones pobres. En mi hipótesis, el “dispositivo miedo” tiene importantes efectos políticos sobre la población. Por ello planteo que ante este cambio de escenario es necesario acuñar el concepto de “territorios de violencia”. De esta hipótesis surge una asociación entre prácticas delictivas y construcciones identitarias.
Transformaciones urbanas durante las gestiones socialistas
Authors: Brizuela Florencia Agustina 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo expone los principales hallazgos de la Tesina de Grado desarrollada para la obtención de la Licenciatura en Ciencia Política de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, la cual se propuso indagar la forma de gobernar el espacio urbano rosarino que desplegaron las sucesivas gestiones socialistas durante las dos últimas décadas. Para ello se analizaron las racionalidades políticas que atravesaron las políticas urbanas implementadas desde 1995 a la actualidad, se rastrearon las condiciones sociales, políticas y económicas que hicieron posible su desarrollo, se describieron las tecnologías de gobierno, los planes, programas e intervenciones municipales que le dieron forma a la ciudad, y se estudiaron los efectos derivados de la modalidad de gobierno urbano que siguió Rosario.
Authentic Science Learning During COVID-19: The Adaptive Design of a SEM Outreach Activity
Authors: Yonai Ella , Shimoni Eyal , Kahil Keren , Blonder Ron 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Before March 2020, with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote instruction of science was only moderately developed compared with more traditional approaches for learning science. Since the outbreak, however, all formal education systems have been carried out in remote mode, and outreach activities that take place in a research or academic setting have usually been canceled, or there has been a search for innovative approaches to shift to digital space. Therefore, the development of learning and teaching strategies has currently focused on remote activities. In this study, a design-based approach was applied to transform an existing authentic science activity using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) from face-to-face to remote learning mode. The remote mode activity included the remote operation of the SEM by the participants. The goal was to formulate a general approach to transform authentic outreach activities from face-to-face to remote operation. To evaluate the design, we compared learners' perceived authenticity in the 2 modes and reflected on the process. Data were collected with a Likert-type questionnaire regarding participants' perceived authenticity. The results suggest that items of authenticity related to the experience of learning content have a positive potential for use in remote mode. The learners' experience of connecting with the scientists is an apparent disadvantage in remote mode. However, changes in communication technology or in the pedagogy of remote teaching is a promising direction for improving social experience.