bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in oral anticoagulation initiation in patients with schizophrenia and atrial fibrillation: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Højen Anette Arbjerg , Nielsen Peter Brønnum , Riahi Sam , Jensen Martin , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Søgaard Mette 
Published: March 2022

AimsSchizophrenia is associated with poor anticoagulation control and clinical prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) in this patient population.MethodsIn the nationwide Danish health registries, we identified all patients with incident AF and schizophrenia with indication for OAC treatment. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 673) were matched 1:5 on sex, age, stroke risk score, and calendar‐period to incident AF patients without schizophrenia. We calculated absolute risk and risk difference (RD) of OAC initiation, adjusting for stroke and bleeding risk factors. Analyses were stratified by calendar period (2000–2011 and 2012–2018) to account for changes after the introduction of non‐vitamin K OACs (NOAC).ResultsAmong patients with schizophrenia (mean age 69.5 years, 50.3% females), 33.7% initiated OAC within the first year after AF diagnosis, compared with 54.4% of patients without schizophrenia, corresponding to an adjusted RD of −20.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −24.7 to −16.7). OAC initiation increased over time regardless of schizophrenia status. During 2000–2011, 18.3% of patients with schizophrenia and 42.9% without schizophrenia initiated OAC (adjusted RD −23.6%, 95% CI −28.8 to −18.6). During 2012–2018, this was 48.5% and 65.7%, respectively (adjusted RD −14.4%, 95% CI −20.4 to −8.4).ConclusionInitiation of OAC was substantially lower among patients with AF and schizophrenia compared with matched AF peers. These findings accentuate the importance of close attention to disparities in initiation of OAC treatment, and potential missed opportunities for prevention of disabling strokes in AF patients with schizophrenia.
Incidence in pharmacoepidemiology—Basic definitions and types of misclassification
Authors: Hoffmann Mikael , Støvring Henrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe definition of a new case is a vital step in incidence studies in both epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology, although with significant differences in methodology between the fields. We define and apply a framework for two different types of new cases of drug use, first‐ever and recurrent, and show how the associated misclassifications related to length of run‐in period can be expressed by the positive predictive value (PPV).In the study, we consider individual‐level dispensations of statins 2006–2019 for 1,017,058 individuals with at least one dispensation in 2019 in Sweden. The incidence proportion for statins for both sexes of all ages in Sweden 2019 varied from 17.4/1000 with a run‐in of 8 months, 9.45/1000 with 5 years and 8.4/1000 with 10 years. The PPV was 49% with 8 months and 89% for 5 years using 10 years as gold standard.We conclude that the interpretation of incidence and thus the selection of an appropriate run‐in period, in pharmacoepidemiology, depends on whether first‐ever use, recurrent treatment or both together (new cases) is the focus of the research question studied. At least five different misclassifications can be introduced depending on how incidence is defined.
A Note on Familywise Error Rate for a Primary and Secondary Endpoint
Authors: Proschan Michael A. , Follmann Dean A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHung et al. (2007) considered the problem of controlling the type I error rate for a primary and secondary endpoint in a clinical trial using a gatekeeping approach in which the secondary endpoint is tested only if the primary endpoint crosses its monitoring boundary. They considered a two-look trial and showed by simulation that the naive method of testing the secondary endpoint at full level α at the time the primary endpoint reaches statistical significance does not control the familywise error rate at level α. Tamhane et al. (2010) derived analytic expressions for familywise error rate and power and confirmed the inflated error rate of the naive approach. Nonetheless, many people mistakenly believe that the closure principle can be used to prove that the naive procedure controls the familywise error rate. The purpose of this note is to explain in greater detail why there is a problem with the naive approach and show that the degree of alpha inflation can be as high as that of unadjusted monitoring of a single endpoint.
An inherited gain‐of‐function risk allele in EPOR predisposes to familial JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Rabadan Moraes Graciela , Pasquier Florence , Marzac Christophe , Deconinck Eric , Damanti Carlotta Caterina , Leroy Gwendoline , El‐Khoury Mira , El Nemer Wassim , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Raslova Hana , Najman Albert , Vainchenker William , Marty Caroline , Bellanné‐Chantelot Christine , Plo Isabelle 
Published: March 2022

SummaryMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are mainly sporadic but inherited variants have been associated with higher risk development. Here, we identified an EPOR variant (EPORP488S) in a large family diagnosed with JAK2V617F‐positive polycythaemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocytosis (ET). We investigated its functional impact on JAK2V617F clonal amplification in patients and found that the variant allele fraction (VAF) was low in PV progenitors but increase strongly in mature cells. Moreover, we observed that EPORP488S alone induced a constitutive phosphorylation of STAT5 in cell lines or primary cells. Overall, this study points for searching inherited‐risk alleles affecting the JAK2/STAT pathway in MPN.
Attitudes towards refugees: Introducing a short three‐dimensional scale
Authors: Kotzur Patrick F. , Friehs Maria‐Therese , Schmidt Peter , Wagner Ulrich , Pötzschke Steffen , Weiß Bernd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany researchers subscribe to the three‐component conceptualization of attitudes, the idea that attitudes have cognitive, affective, and behavioural (intentional) components. Yet, these components are rarely considered simultaneously in scales, especially those measuring attitudes towards refugees. Moreover, it is debated how these components relate to one another. We present the development and validation of a six‐item short‐scale to measure attitudes towards refugees based on three surveys (Study 1: N = 330; Study 2a: N = 2,083; Study 2b: N = 2,174). We assessed the performance of this scale with respect to three rivalling attitude conceptualizations (one‐factor, three‐factor, and second‐order factor model). We found that a three‐factor or second‐order factor conceptualization fitted best to the data. The scale had excellent psychometric properties. We hope that our work stimulates a wave of relevant research on attitudes towards refugees that applies this scale, and contributes to the debate on the conceptualization of attitudes in general.
Synthesis, in silico docking studies, and antiplasmodial activity of hybrid molecules bearing 7‐substituted 4‐aminoquinoline moiety and cinnamic acid derivatives
Authors: Bokosi Fostino R. B. , Ngoepe Mpho P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper reports a series of nine hybrid compounds of 7‐substituted 4‐aminoquinoline and cinnamic acid as antiplasmodial agents. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry studies were used to confirm the structures. The synthesized compounds were moderately active, with IC50 values ranging from 1.8 to 16 µM against the Pf3D7 chloroquine‐sensitive strain in vitro. Compound C11 was shown to be the most potent in this investigation, with an IC50 value of 1.8 µM. Molecular docking studies revealed that compounds C14 and C17, with binding energies of −7.19 and −7.72 kcal/mol and inhibition constants (Ki) of 5.36 and 2.20 µM, respectively, were the best inhibitor candidates. The results of the Frontier molecular orbitals revealed that compounds possessed a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap. The HOMO–LUMO energy distributions indicated that the cinnamic acid regions favored the LUMO distribution, while the quinoline regions favored the HOMO energy. The investigation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity based on in silico ADME tools predicted that the compounds have a good drug‐like character.
Youth are watching: Adolescents’ sociopolitical development in the Trump era
Authors: Dunn Danielle , Wray‐Lake Laura , Plummer Jason Anthony 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether appraisals of 45th U.S. President Donald J. Trump by 1433 adolescents (Mage = 16.1, SDage = 1.16, Female = 56.9%, Latinx = 43.6%, White = 35.7%, Black = 12.6%, Asian = 5.8%) predicted change from 2017 to 2018 across four dimensions of sociopolitical development (SPD): marginalization, critical analysis, civic efficacy, and political action. Trump supporters declined in awareness of inequality and race consciousness but increased in voting intentions. Trump detractors increased in awareness of inequality, race consciousness, and experiences of discrimination. Trump supporters and detractors increased in civic efficacy compared to youth with no opinion. Additional findings were moderated by race and ethnicity. Findings suggest adolescents’ SPD has been shaped in distinct ways by the Trump era.
Functionality of natural killer cells in obese asthma phenotypes
Authors: Pur Ozyigit Leyla , Aktas Esin Cetin , Gelmez Yusuf Metin , Ozturk Ayse Bilge , Gemicioglu Bilun , Deniz Gunnur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity‐associated asthma (OA) is a difficult to treat asthma phenotype due to its severity and poor response to inhaled steroids. Early‐onset allergic (EoOA) and late‐onset non‐allergic (LoOA) OA are suggested subtypes of this phenotype. Natural Killer (NK) cells are key elements of innate immunity involved in cytotoxicity and immune regulation, with uncertain role in OA pathogenesis.MethodsEarly‐onset allergic and LoOA patients together with obese non‐asthmatic (ONA) controls have been enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood samples have been collected for analysis. Percentages of total NK cells, CD3−CD56dim and CD3−CD56bright NK cell subsets, cytotoxic activity, intracellular interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17 secretion and activatory receptors (NKG2D, NKp46i and NKp44) have been investigated by flow cytometry. The effect of IL‐12 and IL‐23 stimulation on NK cells and intracellular cytokines in different groups have also been analysed and compared with unstimulated conditions.ResultsResults of ONA (n = 5, age 42 ± 8), EoOA (n = 5, age 42 ± 10) and LoOA (n = 8, age 46 ± 8) patients have analysed. Body Mass Index has been found to be negatively correlated with CD69 (p = .022, r = −0.534). NKG2D receptor has been significantly low in CD56dim cells of asthma population (p = .046). NKp44 receptor expression has increased after IL‐12 stimulation in EoOA and control group (p = .02). Intracellular IL‐10 content has increased in LoOA and control subjects (p = .018, p = .03) but not in the EoOA group. Intracellular IL‐17 level has found be higher in allergic OA group. LoOA patients showed a decreased NK cytotoxicity compared with the early‐onset asthma group (p = .05).ConclusionOur study suggests an impaired NK receptor expression, activation and reduced cytotoxicity in OA patients together with variances between different subtypes of this phenotype. This data would be beneficial for tailoring a more personalized treatment strategy combatting steroid resistance and frequent exacerbations in this group of patients.
Extensive cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis after Sinopharm vaccine: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Azzazi Yousra , Abdelkader Heba Ahmed , Khedr Hadeer , El‐Komy Mohamed H. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) has been reported as a rare form of cutaneous reaction to different SARS‐Cov‐2 vaccines. Herein, we present the first case of cutaneous LCV following BBIBP‐CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine that occurred in a female patient with no prior comorbidities. A literature review about similar cases following different COVID‐19 vaccines is discussed.
Sapwood growth and tolerance of Pinus taeda trees to Leptographium terebrantis inoculation
Authors: Mensah John K. , Devkota Pratima , Eckhardt Lori G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLeptographium terebrantis is an opportunistic root pathogen that has been implicated as a contributing factor of Pinus taeda decline and mortality over the past several decades in central parts of Alabama and Georgia, USA. We assessed the potential of L. terebrantis to initiate crown thinning in young P. taeda trees and hypothesized that L. terebrantis infestation will impose moisture stress on foliage, induce premature senescence, and cause loss of foliage biomass. The study was undertaken in a naturally regenerated 5–7‐year‐old P. taeda stand at Andalusia, Alabama in a completely randomized design using artificial inoculations of L. terebrantis colonized toothpicks. After four years of infestation, the pathogen caused sapwood occlusions and loss of sapwood function but failed to impose moisture stress on needles to induce premature senescence and loss of biomass. The new sapwood formed around the occluded area was devoid of pathogen infestation. The new growth was approximately twice the size of occluded tissue and compensated for the loss of old sapwood function to sustain tree growth. Results demonstrated that young P. taeda trees can tolerate L. terebrantis infection when stand conditions sustain the formation of new sapwood.
The role of melanopsin photoreception on visual attention linked pupil responses
Authors: Gnyawali Subodh , Feigl Beatrix , Adhikari Prakash , Zele Andrew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA decision during a visual task is marked by a task‐evoked pupil dilation (TEPD) that is linked to the global cortical arousal state. Melanopsin expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) form the afferent pathway for this pupil response. Melanopsin activation also influences mood and arousal and increases activity in decision‐making brain areas that receive direct ipRGC projections. Here, an optical photostimulation method controlled the excitations of all five photoreceptor classes in the human eye to isolate melanopsin‐mediated photoreception. We hypothesised that the TEPD can be driven by directing active visual covert attention through the ipRGC pathway. When observers are completely certain of the stimulus presence, melanopsin‐directed stimulation produces a TEPD of similar amplitude to a cone‐directed stimulation, with their combination producing larger amplitudes. This dilation is satisfactorily modelled by linear addition with a higher melanopsin weighting in ipRGCs. Visual reaction times were longest in response to melanopsin‐directed lights. Next, we asked whether the afferent photoreceptor input and decision certainty, controlled by priming the observer's a priori expectation, interact to drive the TEPD. Signal detection analysis showed that by fixing the predecision certainty (bias), the phasic arousal and TEPD amplitude vary with observer criterion (c′) and sensitivity (d′) but not with preferential activation of melanopsin. The signature feature of the melanopsin response during attention was a biphasic TEPD. We conclude that active covert attention can be modulated by visual information mediated via ipRGCs, but that phasic arousal responses marked using the TEPD are not increased by higher levels of melanopsin activation.
Human activity recognition by wireless body area networks through multi‐objective feature selection with deep learning
Authors: Boga Jayaram , Kumar V. Dhilip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWireless body area network (WBAN) is a novel technology with the incorporation of numerous types of devices, which is also employed in health monitoring applications. Human activity recognition (HAR) receives more interest in recent times along with wearable sensors. HAR system provides information about a person's identity, personality, and psychological state. In the present scenario, it becomes important to model the active learning paradigms with the help of wearable sensors for analysing human activities. Although various deep learning models and existing algorithms secure better outcomes through the sensor data analysis regarding HAR, the decision‐making evaluation seems to be a complex one. The main intent of this paper is to implement the WBAN‐based HAR system using the improved deep learning model. By connecting the wearable sensors, the signals are gathered regarding human activity from diverse benchmark sources. After collecting the required signals, the pre‐processing of the input signals is done using artefact removal and median filtering. Further, the feature extraction is performed, which intends to extract a set of features by utilizing short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) and statistical features. For reducing the feature‐length, a multi‐objective‐based optimal feature selection is adopted. Human activities such as ‘walking, walking upstairs, walking downstairs, sitting, standing, lying, and jogging’ are recognized with help of selected optimal features. The optimized probabilistic neural network (PNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) are combined and named as adaptive probabilistic‐based CNN (AP‐CNN). The effective performance of optimal feature selection and recognition is accomplished by incorporating the developed backward updating position‐based sea lion optimization algorithm (BU‐SLnO). Finally, the performance of the BU‐SLnO‐AP‐CNN‐based suggested model is analysed, which shows 1.001%, 1.237%, 0.811%, and 0.859% advanced than SLnO‐AP‐CNN, feed‐forward‐AP‐CNN (FF‐AP‐CNN), grey wolf optimization‐AP‐CNN (GWO‐AP‐CNN), particle swarm optimization‐AP‐CNN (PSO‐AP‐CNN) when observing the dataset 1. The experimental outcomes from comparison with various classification techniques demonstrate the efficiency of the developed technique.
Hepatic drug metabolism in older people with body composition changes
Authors: Kaburaki Soyoko , Yoshimura Eri , Miyamoto Yasushi , Imai Shungo , Kashiwagi Hitoshi , Ueno Hidefumi , Sugawara Mitsuru , Takekuma Yoh 
Published: March 2022

AimDosage adjustment is essential in older individuals because they are prone to experience a decline in liver function and changes in body composition. However, quantitative tests or equations for evaluating the activity of hepatic drug metabolism have not yet been clearly established. We examined hepatic drug metabolism activities in older individuals, focusing on changes in body composition parameters.MethodsLansoprazole and nifedipine, substrates of the metabolic enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 and 3A4, respectively, were selected to study hepatic drug metabolism. Residual samples from blood test for older patients were evaluated to determine drug metabolism. The body composition of relevant patients was determined by analyzing characteristic parameters of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength (HGS) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). The differences in hepatic drug metabolism were studied statistically among categories in terms of the cut‐off value of these parameters.ResultsOlder male patients receiving lansoprazole and nifedipine in the low SMI (<7.0 kg/m2) category showed an 85–90% reduction in respective CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 metabolic activities compared with the normal SMI category. For the female patients, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 metabolic activities showed no significant correlation with SMI and HGS. Fatty liver disease (HSI ≥36) was found to reduce CYP2C19 metabolic activity particularly in older female patients.ConclusionsLow CYP2C19 metabolic activity was statistically correlated with low SMI in male patients and high HSI in female patients, whereas low CYP3A4 metabolic activity was statistically correlated with low HGS in male patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 449–454.
Influence of wall slip, thixotropy and lubrication regime on the instrumental sensory evaluation of topical formulations
Authors: Cyriac Febin , Xin Yi Tee , Chow Pui Shan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveDrawing parallels from rheotribology can be used to develop a robust instrumental protocol for non‐subjective characterization, product development and design of topical dosage forms with desired sensory attributes. However, instrumental characterization of cosmetic products can be influenced by the measurement protocol, thixotropy, flow anomalies like shear banding or wall slip and nature of the film formed on the skin surface. In this study, we evaluated the influence of above parameters on the instrumental sensory evaluation of 12 topical formulations of different galenic forms.MethodsOscillatory strain sweep measurements (SAOS and LAOS) were performed to investigate the influence of frequency and wall slip on the material parameters. The textural attributes at different consumer touchpoints were evaluated by accounting time‐dependent simulation of viscoelastic flow. Further, the influence of film thickness and sample drying on the tactile properties of the topical formulations were studied on a non‐biological skin model using a sliding probe tribometer.ResultsThe study shows that the flow properties of the semi‐solid formulations depend on the timescale of the problem. A few formulations exhibited wall slip to varying degrees in the linear viscoelastic regime where the behaviour was found not to be characteristic of a particular topical dosage form. The material functions obtained from the Lissajous plots suggest that the non‐linear flow behaviour of different galenic forms is least influenced by the boundary conditions imposed by the measurement geometry. The results were statistically analysed using principal component analysis where the attributes used for discriminating skin creams during pick up and rub out are found to be closely associated with non‐linear rheology. The friction coefficient exhibited speed dependence where it formed different parametric group with rheological data depending on the lubrication regime.ConclusionThe study highlights that correlations are possible amongst rheological, tribological and instrumental textural analysis data, which can act an impetus for the development of models to predict attributes that drive perception at different consumer touchpoints. However, the choice of instrumental settings, anomalies associated with rheological measurements and friction dependence on a number of parameters can influence the model prediction.