bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated river water quality and quantity management based on undesirability and cost‐effectiveness
Authors: Pashmchi Parastoo , Taheriyoun Masoud , Asghari Keyvan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntegrated water resources management aims to simultaneously solve water shortage and contamination problems by considering economic, social, and environmental criteria. To that view, this study has developed a two‐objective optimization model regarding water allocation (WA) and wasteload allocation (WLA) in the Zayandehrood river basin, the central part of Iran. The model aimed to supply the users' water demand considering the downstream environmental flow to fulfill the social‐environmental requirements. Besides, satisfying the river water quality standards was regarded as the environmental‐economic criteria. The WA objective function minimizes the undesirability caused by reduced allocated water and downstream environmental flow. The QUAL2K model was used to simulate the wasteload discharge impacts on the river water quality. The water quality parameters included biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), TP, and TN for the urban and industrial wasteload and nitrate for the agricultural drainage. The results showed that a joint WA ‐ WLA optimization reduced the total average WA by 15% and increased the downstream flow by three times the base level. Also, the water quality violations of the standard limits were reduced by 18, 4, and 15 times for BOD, NO3, and TP, respectively.
Base Modifications of Nucleosides via the Use of Peptide‐Coupling Agents, and Beyond
Authors: Lakshman Mahesh K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral naturally occurring purine and pyrimidine nucleosides contain an amide linkage as part of the heterocyclic aglycone. Enolization of the amide and conversion to leaving groups at the amide carbon atom permits base modification by addition‐elimination types of processes. Although a number of methods have been developed over the years for accomplishing such conversions, the present Personal Account describes efforts from the Lakshman laboratories. Facile activation of the amido groups in nucleobases can be achieved with peptide‐coupling agents. Subsequent reaction with nucleophiles then accomplishes the base modifications. In many cases, the activation and displacement steps can be done as two‐step, one‐pot processes, whereas in other cases, discrete storable activated nucleosides can be isolated for subsequent displacement reactions. Using such an approach a wide range of nucleoside base modifications is readily achievable. In many instances, mechanistic investigations have been conducted so as to understand the activation process.
Anaesthetic management of a dog with a bidirectionally shunting patent ductus arteriosus and concurrent pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Ban Kaitlynn , Bini Gianluca , Herrold Emily , Stavri Alba , Winter Randolph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 1‐year‐old, 9.8‐kg (21.6‐lb), female, spayed Pembroke Welsh corgi dog was presented for evaluation of previously diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus and severe pulmonary hypertension. In the veterinary literature, there is relatively little information related to the anaesthetic management of patients with patent ductus arteriosus and severe pulmonary hypertension (or in those with Eisenmenger pathophysiology). In this case report, we consider haemodynamic concerns related to anaesthesia in this clinical setting, while describing the successful management of this case and related complications.
Characterization of circular RNAs with advanced sequencing technologies in human complex diseases
Authors: Ruan Hang , Wang Peng‐Cheng , Han Leng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are one category of non‐coding RNAs that do not possess 5′ caps and 3′ free ends. Instead, they are derived in closed circle forms from pre‐mRNAs by a non‐canonical splicing mechanism named “back‐splicing.” CircRNAs were discovered four decades ago, initially called “scrambled exons.” Compared to linear RNAs, the expression levels of circRNAs are considerably lower, and it is challenging to identify circRNAs specifically. Thus, the biological relevance of circRNAs has been underappreciated until the advancement of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The biological insights of circRNAs, such as their tissue‐specific expression patterns, biogenesis factors, and functional effects in complex diseases, namely human cancers, have been extensively explored in the last decade. With the invention of the third generation sequencing (TGS) with longer sequencing reads and newly designed strategies to characterize full‐length circRNAs, the panorama of circRNAs in human complex diseases could be further unveiled. In this review, we first introduce the history of circular RNA detection. Next, we describe widely adopted NGS‐based methods and the recently established TGS‐based approaches capable of characterizing circRNAs in full‐length. We then summarize data resources and representative circRNA functional studies related to human complex diseases. In the last section, we reviewed computational tools and discuss the potential advantages of utilizing advanced sequencing approaches to a functional interpretation of full‐length circRNAs in complex diseases.This article is categorized under:
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Understanding the role of groundwater in the lives of rural women in India
Authors: Swaraj Aayushee , Maheshwari Basant 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGroundwater will be a critical future resource for rural India, given climate change and increased competition for water, especially for drinking water supplies, agriculture, and livelihood. The possibilities of groundwater resource development, use, and management have been widely discussed in the global and Indian contexts. However, most studies so far focused on scientific perspectives and not many on understanding the societal and gender aspects. Women are the providers of drinking water in rural India and also carry with them a quest for equality and respect. It is important to examine how the government policies, power, and responsibility for rural women in a traditional patriarchal society are impacted by the availability and access to groundwater. The main aim of this article is to examine the water challenges of Indian rural women in their routine life and discuss the impacts of depleting groundwater resources on their education, health and livelihood of their families. It also examines government policies, initiatives, and strategies that can potentially involve women in achieving sustainable water futures. The study indicates that poverty can impose gender roles in the family and society. Women's dilemmas differ not only in respect of monetary costs, but the challenges they face in terms of education, health, safety, and well‐being due to water scarcity. There is often a lack of suitable policies to overcome gender inequality. In some instances, policies might be reasonably good, but inequality continues because of weak policy implementation and other factors. Therefore, we need to devise policies and strategies that can be effectively implemented, raise awareness of gender equality, and create opportunities for women in decision making, program development, and implementation at all levels of government.
Activity patterns and reproductive behavior of the Critically Endangered Bermuda skink (Plestiodon longirostris)
Authors: Williams Leah J. , Richardson Kieran , Postlethwaite Carolyn , Garcia Gerardo , Wright Nathan , Griffiths Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study of rare or cryptic species in zoos can provide insights into natural history and behavior that would be difficult to obtain in the field. Such information can then be used to refine population assessment protocols and conservation management. The Bermuda skink (Plestiodon longirostris) is an endemic Critically Endangered lizard. Chester Zoo's successful conservation breeding program is working to safeguard, increase and reinforce skink populations in the wild. A key aim of this program is to develop our understanding of the behavior of this species. In this study, using 24 h video recordings, we examined the daily activity patterns, basking behavior and food preferences of four pairs of Bermuda skinks. The skinks displayed a bimodal pattern of activity and basking, which may have evolved to avoid the strength of the midday sun in exposed habitats in Bermuda. Captive Bermuda skinks appear to prefer a fruit‐based diet to orthopteran prey. We also documented their reproductive behavior and compared it against two closely related species. Although there were many similarities between the courtship and mating behaviors of the three species, there was a significantly shorter period of cloacal contact in the Bermuda skink. Oophagia was also documented for the first time in this species. This knowledge has enabled the evaluation of the current ex‐situ management practices of this species, filled gaps in knowledge that would be challenging to obtain in the field, and enabled the enhancement of both animal husbandry and reproductive success for the conservation breeding program.
Additional Topics
Authors: Hendricks John S. , Swinhoe Martyn T. , Favalli Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCareful scrutiny of MCNP output is required to ensure the results obtained are the results desired. The principal sources of error are examined with recommendations on how to detect them and avoid them. There are some situations where the MCNP default physics treatments are inadequate and different options should be selected. Most MCNP physics is very robust, but other physics is more approximate such as charged particle transport, secondary particle emission, and radioactive activation and decay. Differences between MCNP table and model physics are highlighted.
Loneliness increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a 20 year follow-up – results from the HUNT study
Authors: Henriksen Roger E. , Nilsen Roy M. , Strandberg Ragnhild B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally and its incidence has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Recent research suggests that loneliness is a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes. This 20 year follow-up study examined whether loneliness is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. As both loneliness and type 2 diabetes have been linked to depression and sleep problems, we also investigated whether any association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes is mediated by symptoms of depression and insomnia.

Methods
We used data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT study), a large longitudinal health study based on a population from central Norway (n=24,024). Self-reports of loneliness (HUNT2 survey, 1995–1997) and data on HbA1c levels (HUNT4 survey, 2017–2019) were analysed to evaluate the associations between loneliness and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Associations were reported as ORs with 95% CIs, adjusted for sex, age and education. We further investigated the role of depression and insomnia as potential mediating factors.

Results
During the 20 year follow-up period, 4.9% of the study participants developed type 2 diabetes. Various degrees of feeling lonely were reported by 12.6% of the participants. Individuals who felt most lonely had a twofold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes relative to those who did not feel lonely (adjusted OR 2.19 [95% CI 1.16, 4.15]). The effect of loneliness on type 2 diabetes was weakly mediated by one subtype of insomnia but not by symptoms of depression.

Conclusions/interpretation
This study suggests that loneliness may be one factor that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes; however, there is no strong support that the effect of loneliness on type 2 diabetes is mediated by depression or insomnia. We recommend that loneliness should be included in clinical guidelines on consultations and interventions related to type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans
Authors: Goedecke Julia H. , Mendham Amy E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with the highest projected rates of increase in type 2 diabetes (129% by 2045), which will exacerbate the already high prevalence of type 2 diabetes complications and comorbidities in SSA. In addition, SSA is grappling with poverty-related health problems and infectious diseases and is also undergoing the most rapid rates of urbanisation globally. These socioenvironmental and lifestyle factors may interact with genetic factors to alter the pathophysiological sequence leading to type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan African populations. Indeed, current evidence from SSA and the diaspora suggests that the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in Black Africans is different from that in their European counterparts. Studies from the diaspora suggest that insulin clearance is the primary defect underlying the development of type 2 diabetes. We propose that, among Black Africans from SSA, hyperinsulinaemia due to a combination of both increased insulin secretion and reduced hepatic insulin clearance is the primary defect, which promotes obesity and insulin resistance, exacerbating the hyperinsulinaemia and eventually leading to beta cell failure and type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, the current understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the clinical guidelines for preventing and managing the disease are largely based on studies including participants of predominately White European ancestry. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge base and data from the only non-pharmacological intervention that explores the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in SSA. We also highlight factors that may influence the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in SSA, such as social determinants, infectious diseases and genetic and epigenetic influences.Graphical abstract
On the virtual and residual properties of a generalization of Bestvina-Brady groups
Authors: Leary Ian J. , Vankov Vladimir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPreviously one of us introduced a family of groups $$G^M_L(S)$$

G
L
M

(
S
)

, parametrized by a finite flag complex L, a regular covering M of L, and a set S of integers. We give conjectural descriptions of when $$G^M_L(S)$$

G
L
M

(
S
)

is either residually finite or virtually torsion-free. In the case that M is a finite cover and S is periodic, there is an extension with kernel $$G_L^M(S)$$

G
L
M

(
S
)

and infinite cyclic quotient that is a CAT(0) cubical group. We conjecture that this group is virtually special. We relate these three conjectures to each other and prove many cases of them.
Effect of repeated explicit instructions on visuomotor adaptation and intermanual transfer
Authors: Werner Susen , Strüder Heiko K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of repeated explicit instructions on visuomotor adaptation, awareness, and intermanual transfer. In a comprehensive study design, 48 participants performed center-out reaching movements before and during exposure to a 60° rotation of visual feedback. Awareness and intermanual transfer were then determined. Twelve participants each were assigned to one of the following adaptation conditions: gradual adaptation, sudden adaptation without instructions, sudden adaptation with a single instruction before adaptation, and sudden adaptation with multiple instructions before and during adaptation. The explicit instructions explained the nature of the visual feedback perturbation and were given using an illustration of a clock face. Analysis of adaptation indices revealed neither increased nor decreased adaptation after repeated instructions compared with a single instruction. In addition, we found significant group differences for the awareness index, with lower awareness after gradual adaptation than after sudden, instructed adaptation. Our data also show increased initial adaptation in aware participants; regardless of whether awareness was developed independently or with instruction. Intermanual transfer did not differ between groups. However, we found a significant correlation between the awareness and intermanual transfer indices. We conclude that the magnitude of the explicit process cannot be further increased by repeated instruction and that intermanual transfer appears to be largely related to the explicit adaptation process.
The Utility of Serial Echocardiography Parameters in Management of Newborns with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) and Predictors of Mortality
Authors: Soni Roopali , Soni Naharmal , Chakkarapani Aravanan , Gupta Samir , Yajamanyam Phani Kiran , Ali Sanoj K. M. , El Anbari Mohammed , Alhamad Moath , Anand Dhullipala , More Kiran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVentricular dysfunction may be found in 40% of newborns with CDH, and is not only a predictor of disease severity, but also mortality and need for ECMO. We conducted this study to assess the utility of serial echocardiography in management of newborns with CDH and their survival outcomes. This is a retrospective study, wherein the demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data from our local CDH registry and hospital clinical database were analyzed to study the correlation of timed echocardiographic findings with mortality and other outcomes. Fourty-two newborns with CDH were admitted during the study period (M/F:19/23), with median gestation of 38 weeks (IQR:36–39) and birth weight of 2.83 kg (IQR 2.45–3.17). Thirty-one were left-sided, seven right, one central, and three bilateral hernias. Twelve infants (28%) died in early infancy. Three infants were excluded from analysis due to either palliation at birth or significant cardiac anomaly. A total of 137 echos from 39 infants were analyzed. Seventy percent of newborns who died and had an echo within the first 72 h, were noted to have suffered from moderate to severe PH. Birth weight < 2.8 kg, RVSP > 45.5 in the first 72 h and postoperative VIS > 23.5 and RSS > 4.3 were good predictors of mortality. Markers of elevated pulmonary pressures and cardiac function were useful in guiding therapy. Serial timed functional echocardiography (f-Echo) monitoring allows targeted therapy of patients with CDH. Birth weight, initial severity of pulmonary hypertension and postoperative RSS and VIS may be useful in predicting mortality.
Dominant-negative transforming growth factor-β receptor-armoured mesothelin-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells slow tumour growth in a mouse model of ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Ke , Xu Jing , Wang Jing , Lu Chong , Dai Yilin , Dai Qing , Zhang Wang , Xu Congjian , Wu Shu , Kang Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer is a major cause of death among all gynaecological cancers. Although surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy have yielded successful outcomes, the 5-year survival rate remains < 30%. Adoptive immunotherapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, has demonstrated improved survival in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with manageable toxicity. We explored CAR T-cell therapy in a preclinical mouse model of ovarian cancer. Second-generation CAR T cells were developed targeting mesothelin (MSLN), which is abundantly expressed in ovarian cancer. Cytotoxicity experiments were performed to verify the lethality of CAR T cells on target cells via flow cytometry. The in vivo antitumour activity of MSLN CAR T cells was also verified using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model with human tumour-derived cells. We also evaluated the potency of CAR T cells directed to MSLN following co-expression of a dominant-negative transforming growth factor-β receptor type II (dnTGFβRII). Our data demonstrate that anti-MSLN CAR T cells specifically eliminate MSLN-expressing target cells in an MSLN density-dependent manner. This preclinical research promises an effective treatment strategy to improve outcomes for ovarian cancer, with the potential for prolonging survival while minimizing risk of on-target off-tumour toxicity.
Sampling rate in the dynamic speckle analysis
Authors: Rivera Fernando Pujaico , González-Peña Rolando J. , Braga-Jr Roberto A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDynamic laser speckle and its biological version (biospeckle laser) have been used in many areas of knowledge. Its non-invasive approach allows the application in advantage regarding those that need contact or damage the analyzed sample. However, one needs the sharp adjust of the image acquiring and processing. In this article, we show how the variation of sampling rate in a dynamic speckle analysis affects the value of dynamic speckle indexes concerning the absolute value of the differences index, the temporal speckle standard deviation index, and the temporal speckle mean index. We show that the dynamic speckle index value changes its maximum excursion with the variation of sampling rate, affected directly by the camera's time integration (time of exposure). We highlight the importance of knowing the frequency band of the analyzed phenomenon and its signal to choose the appropriate sampling rate, with the recommendation of using the lowest sampling rate possible—without compromise the speckle grains—to obtain an acceptable maximum excursion and an illumination level with a good signal–noise ratio. The results will help those who work with the phenomenon/technique to enhance their analysis tailoring the set up and yielding reliable results, since the optical method demands a rigorous bias of the image acquiring and processing.
An adaptive wavelet-based collocation method for solving multiscale problems in continuum mechanics
Authors: Kaiser Tobias , Remmers Joris J. C. , Geers Marc G. D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComputational multiscale methods are highly sophisticated numerical approaches to predict the constitutive response of heterogeneous materials from their underlying microstructures. However, the quality of the prediction intrinsically relies on an accurate representation of the microscale morphology and its individual constituents, which makes these formulations computationally demanding. Against this background, the applicability of an adaptive wavelet-based collocation approach is studied in this contribution. It is shown that the Hill–Mandel energy equivalence condition can naturally be accounted for in the wavelet basis, (discrete) wavelet-based scale-bridging relations are derived, and a wavelet-based mapping algorithm for internal variables is proposed. The characteristic properties of the formulation are then discussed by an in-depth analysis of elementary one-dimensional problems in multiscale mechanics. In particular, the microscale fields and their macroscopic analogues are studied for microstructures that feature material interfaces and material interphases. Analytical solutions are provided to assess the accuracy of the simulation results.