bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impacts of Uncertainty on the Industrial Product: Empirical Evidence with the PVAR Model
Authors: Cateia Júlio vicente 
Published: February 2022

The interest rates and uncertainty are supposed to play an important role on the agents' decisions. This study has two main objectives. First, we verify the impact of industrial output to the investments and real interest rates shocks in mercusur countries using the PVAR model through the GMM system (1997-2016). The results of the estimates show, on the one hand, that industrial production responds positively and statistically significant to changes in investments and, on the other one, it responds negatively to changes in real interest rates. Granger's causality test suggests that investments and interest rates Granger-cause the industrial product. Second, we present empirical evidence of the role of uncertainties in the agents' investment decision-making process, considering only the case of Brazil (2002-2016). We find that the industrial product and investments increase with the agents' confidence on the federal government future behavior but decrease when uncertainties raise.
Chlorogenic acid and kojic acid as anti-hyperpigmentation: in silico study
Authors: Yudantara I Made Agus , Cahyani Ni Ketut Nitya , Saputra Made Agus Widiana , Dewi Ni Kadek Diah Parwati 
Published: February 2022

Hyperpigmentation is a skin problem caused by excessive melanin production due to continuous ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Kojic acid inhibiting melanin synthesis by tyrosinase enzyme is a prevalent treatment for hyperpigmentation. This study aims to determine the potential of chlorogenic acid and kojic acid as an anti-hyperpigmentation against tyrosinase using in silico molecular docking. The docking process involved optimizing chlorogenic acid and kojic acid structures, preparing tyrosinase protein (PDB ID: 5M8O), validating the molecular docking method, and docking of chlorogenic acid and kojic acid on tyrosinase. The binding energy of chlorogenic acid and kojic acid were -4.59 kcal/mol and -3.75 kcal/mol, while the binding energy of 0TR native ligand was -5.02 kcal/mol. The interaction of chlorogenic acid to tyrosinase involved ARG 321 and ARG 374 residues. The results suggest that chlorogenic acid and kojic acid has the potential as anti-hyperpigmentation agents through inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Middle East and North African Populations toward COVID -19
Authors: N Atayb Hisham , Ibrahim Mariam Abbas , AbouElfetouh Alaa , Rahamtalla Khedir Genawi Khalid , Shawgi Jaweesh Rashad , S Dabbous Fatma , Ouanes Zouhour , El Kadmiri Nadia , Amrani Iman , Ben Fredj Manel , M. Mehanna Mohammed , Abujilban Sanaa , Emahbes Taher , Bechir Ahmat Annour , M. Elhassan Mogahid , K Al-Delaimy Wael 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to assess the basic knowledge, attitude, and practice among people from nine Middle Eastern and North African countries about COVID-19 symptoms, modes of transmission, acceptance of recovered patients, and practice of some basic preventive measures.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data was collected from 3515 participants in nine Middle Eastern and North African countries using an online self-administered questionnaire to assess participants' basic knowledge, attitude, and practice of some preventive measures related to COVID-19.
Results: In this study, most of the participants were aware of the basic preventive measures against coronavirus. Despite this awareness, the practice of these measures was low, with a significant variation among participating countries and gender. Social media was the major source of their information. More than half of participants (53.2%) would not accept recovered patients in the community without protective measures, and the majority (84%) of them believed that people living in hot and sunny areas are less susceptible and affected by COVID-19.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that participants of Middle Eastern and North African countries have relatively good knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19. Still, they have unsatisfactory preventive practices, and more than half of them refuse to accept recovered patients as normal in the community without protective measures.
Studi Kelayakan Pendirian Usaha Penjualan dan Penggilingan Daging Sapi
Authors: Riski Meita Sondang 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelayakan pendirian usaha jasa penjualan dan penggilingan daging sapi di Sangatta dilihat dari keuntungan finansial. Beberapa kriteria investasi yang digunakan untuk menentukan diterima atau tidaknya sesuatu usulan usaha adalah Net Present Value (NPV), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), BEP (Break Even Point). Hasil penelitian di dapat NPV (Net Present Value) yang dapat dicapai selama lima tahun adalah sebesar Rp. 7.181.879.315,- Keuntungan ini sangat baik dengan memberikan nilai positif yang cukup tinggi, sehingga usaha proyek ini baik dan layak untuk dikerjakan. IRR sebesar 21,30 % dan Net B/C = 50,2. Oleh karena nilai Net B/C > 1, maka memberikan arti bahwa gagasan/usaha proyek tersebut layak untuk dikerjakan. Studi kelayakan ini menyimpulkan bahwa BEP dapat tercapai setelah 10 bulan 20 hari dikarenakan BEP dapat selesai waktunya lebih cepat dari pembayaran cicilan di bank, maka proyek tesrsebut dapat direkomendasikan untuk dikerjakan.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. SMART MULTIFINANCE Cabang Sangatta
Authors: Khaerani Inda 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi , lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Sangatta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yakni menguji dan menganalisis data dengan perhitungan angka-angka dan kemudian menarik kesimpulan atas pengujian tersebut. Objek yang diteliti adalah keseluruhan karyawan pada PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Sangatta yang berjumlah 34 orang. Dari hasil analisa diketahui bahwa : pertama, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kompetensi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Sangatta; kedua, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Sangatta; ketiga, berdasarkan uji F terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kompetensi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Sangatta.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Loyalitas Pelanggan Padan NAEM 555 CUCIAN
Authors: Mardatillah Mardatillah 
Published: February 2022

This research aims to study and analyze the factors that influence customer loyalty at Naem 555 Laundry. This type of research is quantitative descriptive by using a sample of 103 people. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous variables of satisfaction, emotional bonding, trust, choice reduction and habit and history with company simultaneously have a significant effect to customer loyalty. Partially, satisfaction, trust, and choice reduction and habit variables have a significant effect on customer loyalty while the partial variables of emotional bonding and history with company are not significant to customer loyalty. The variable that has the most dominant influence on customer loyalty is the satisfaction variable.
Penyusunan Fungsi Produksi Tanaman Jagung
Authors: Ovigeria Subroto Sinaga  
Published: February 2022

Corn is one of the agricultural products commonly handled by farmers. Currently corn is a commodity commodity that is being developed in Kutai Kartanegara Regency through the Corn Revolution movement. The corn revolution movement aims to increase the level of corn production in this district.
One type of corn planted by farmers is sweet corn. This type of corn is preferred by consumers because it has good taste and can be used as raw material to make processed vegetables or directly consumed by boiling or baking.
Farmers in planting corn certainly use various inputs or factors of production. One of the inputs that must be present is the use of corn seeds. Without the presence of corn seeds, the sweet corn cultivation activities could not be carried out.
The use of inputs and outputs can be written into a production function. From this production function, we can find out how the position of using input in this sweet corn cultivation activity. It has reached the optimal point or not.
In accordance with the theory of production, a good production function can describe "the law of diminishing returns." From this law, the right production function is at least a quadratic equation, and the author tries to find the cube polynomial production function.
The results of the author's research on sweet corn cultivation in Manunggal Jaya Village, Tenggarong Seberang District produce a production function that occurs is a linear production function, Y = 2.5833 X. This equation shows that the production activities have not reached an optimal point.
Analisis Penjualan Minuman Thai Tea Pada Toko IL.SHOP18 Di Sangatta
Authors: Halma Halma 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penjualan minuman Thai Tea pada Toko IL.Shop 18 di Sangatta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif yang menggambarkan data kuantitatif yang diperoleh menyangkut keadaan subyek atau fenomena dari populasinya. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu nonprobability sampling dengan sampel penelitian seluruh populasinya, yaitu data penjualan IL.Shop18 periode Januari 2019 – Desember 2020. Data penjualan Thai Tea yang diteliti meliputi tiga varian, yakni thai tea original, thai tea milo, dan thai green tea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, volume penjualan yang terbanyak disetiap periode yaitu varian thai tea original sedangkan omset penjualan tertinggi disetiap periode yaitu thai tea milo. Harga yang terjangkau dibandingkan dengan varian rasa yang lain, menjadikan varian thai tea original memiliki total penjualan terbanyak. Penetapan harga yang cukup tinggi diiringi dengan cita rasa yang sesuai cukup diminati, menjadikan varian thai tea milo memperoleh omset penjualan tertinggi. Minuman thai tea bukan sebagai kebutuhan pokok, maka penjualan cenderung fluktuatif karena masyarakat lebih memilih untuk memenuhi kebutuhan primernya terlebih dahulu.
CEZA HUKUKU İLKELERİNİN DİSİPLİN HUKUKUNDA UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: ZOR Burç Volkan 
Published: February 2022

Disiplin cezası vermekle görevli ve yetkili olan idareler hukuk devleti ilkesinin gereği olarak tüm eylem ve işlemlerinde hakkaniyetli ve hukuka uygun bir şekilde hareket etmelidir. Disiplin cezası işlemleri ile bir yandan kurum içi düzenin sağlanması ile bu düzenin idame ettirilmesi ve nihayetinde kamu yararının sağlanması amaçlanırken diğer yandan bireyin hakları korunmalıdır. Bu denkleştirmenin en iyi yolu da disiplin takibatlarında hukukun evrensel ilkeleri ve ceza hukuku ilkelerinden uygun düştüğü ölçüde faydalanılmasıdır.
Disiplin hukukuna hâkim olan ilkeler Anayasada özel olarak düzenlenmediği gibi, disiplin mevzuatlarında da açık olarak yer almamaktadır. Ancak doktrin ve içtihatlar incelediğinde, Anayasa’nın 38’inci maddesi ile düzenlenen suç ve cezalara ilişkin esaslar ile diğer ceza hukuku ilkelerinin sadece ceza hukuku açısından geçerli olmadıklarını ve özlerine uygun düştüğü ölçüde disiplin hukukunda da uygulanabildiklerini görebiliyoruz. Çalışmada söz konusu ilkeler ceza ve disiplin hukuku açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiş ve hangi ilkelerin disiplin hukukunda geçerli oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
MENUMBUHKEMBANGKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI TK KUSUMA KELURAHAN PATOKAN KECAMATAN KRAKSAAN PROBOLINGGO JAWA TIMUR
Authors: THOWILAH TOYYIBATUT 
Published: February 2022

Pembelajaran bisa dikatakan berhasil jika terjadi tahapan Perubahan Perilaku. Pembelajaran pada anak usia dini merupakan dasar awal dari pembentukan karakter pada Anak. Pembeljaran nilai religius pada anak sejak usia dini mungkin penting artinya, karena pendidikan sangat memerlukan proses proses seperti rantai makanan yang saling berkaitan yang menjadikan anak menjadi Religius. Penelitian yang terdapat pada jurnal ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang sifatnya deskriptif. Untuk mengumpulkan data data, peneliti menggunakan dua metode, yaitu: metode wawancara dan metode observasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran yang menumbuhkembangkan karakter religius di TK KUSUMA Kelurahan Patokan Kecamatan Kraksaan Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur adalah dengan memadukan pelajaran di kelas, pembiasaan rutin, spontan, dan keteladanan. Cara pendidikan karakter yang indah perlu dukungan oleh semua pihak yang harus terlibat secara aktif, dari tingkat keluarga, masyarakat, lembaga pendidikan umum atau formal, hingga para tokoh bangsa dan tentu saja tokoh agama dan masyarakat.
مقدار الضرب تعزيرا في الفقه الإسلامي مقارنا بالقانون الجنائي السوداني لسنة 1991م
Authors: ، محمد سليمان النور سليمان 
Published: February 2022

مقدار الضرب تعزيرا في الفقه الإسلامي مقارنا بالقانون الجنائي السوداني لسنة 1991م
يهدف البحث إلى بيان حكم الضرب في التعزير، و مقدار أقل الضرب و أكثره في الفقه الإسلامي بالرجوع لكتب الفقه في المذاهب المختلفة و بيان أقوال الفقهاء في ذلك و أدلتهم و مناقشتها و الترجيح بينها، و بيان ما عليه القانون الجنائي السوداني لسنة 1991م المعتمد على الفقه الإسلامي في عقوبة الضرب تعزيرا و مقدارها و مقارنته بأقوال الفقهاء.
مصطلحات المحدثين بين الفهم و التطبيق
Authors: ، عبد الرحمن محمد سراج 
Published: February 2022

مصطلحات المحدثين بين الفهم و التطبيق

تحدث البحث عن ضرورة معرفة لغة المحدثين و اصطلاحاتهم و أن اختلاف العلماء في تحديد معنى بعض المصطلحات هو إشارة إلى التدرج في الدقة و الضبط، و أن علم الحديث متداخل و مترابط يحتاج لاستحضار واسع لأطرافه و لا يكون هذا غلا بالحفظ و الفهم، و أن دراسة علم الحديث خطوة أولى تحتاج إلى التمرس و ليس كل من درس هذا العلم لديه القدرة على ممارسة النقد و التصحيح و التضعيف و لذا يجب مراجعة مناهج التعليم في ذلك، لإعداد باحث متمكن يجيد قواعد البحث العلمي و متطلبات هذا الفن لأن الأمر دين.
أثر اختيار الموقع غير السليم على الفشل المالي : التطبيق على مصانع الغزل و النسيج في القطاع الصناعي العام في السودان
Authors: ، أمل يوسف محمد جاه الرسول 
Published: February 2022

أثر اختيار الموقع غير السليم على الفشل المالي : التطبيق على مصانع الغزل و النسيج في القطاع الصناعي العام في السودان

الهدف من هذا البحث هو معرفة عوامل اختيار الموقع السليم و معرفة مشاكل صناعة الغزل و النسيج في القطاع العام في السودان.

و معرفة أسباب الفشل المالي لهذه المصانع الناتجة من اختيار الموقع غير السليم.

إن فرض البحث الذي تم اختياره و هو أثر اختيار موقع المصنع غير السليم على الفشل المالي.

لقد تم تحليل البيانات الإحصائية بواسطة الحاسب الآلي و بالاستعانة بالبرامج الإحصائي للعلوم الاجتماعية (Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS) لاستخراج الإحصاءات الوصفية، فإن طريقة مربع كاي (س2) Chi Square (X2) قد استخدمت في الدراسة للاستدلال على العلاقة الأنفة الذكر من خلال اختبار فرض البحث.

توصل الباحث إلى قبول فرض البحث و هو أن اختيار الموقع غير السليم يؤدي غلى الفشل المالي و توصل الباحث غلى توصيات تتعلق بنتائج البحث.
النعمة و الابتلاء و أثرهما في تربية المؤمنين
Authors: ، محمد آدم محمد صديق 
Published: February 2022

النعمة و الابتلاء و أثرهما في تربية المؤمنين

ذكر البحث أن الابتلاء نعمة على المؤمنين يربى نفوسهم و يقوي عزائمهم و به يتميز الناس، و الابتلاء كما يكون بالشر يكون بالخير، و هو امتحان لتصفية الرجال و أكثرهم ابتلاء الأمثل ثم الأمثل من لدن آدم إلى سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم و حتى قيام الساعة و عند الثبات علي و على المحن المزلزلة يجيء النصر لمن يستحقه عاجلا أم آجلا.
السلام تحية الإسلام الخالدة
Authors: ، سعاد سليمان إدريس الخندقاوي 
Published: February 2022

السلام تحية الإسلام الخالدة

في هذا البحث سنقف على الآتي :- 1.

كيفية إلقاء السلام من كل فرد من أفراد المجتمع على الآخر و كيفية الرد. 2.

السلام على الأطفال و ما الدافع له. 3.

السلام على النساء و حكمه الشرعي. 4.

ارتشاف خلق السلام من هديه صلى الله عليه و سلم العملي. 5.

الآداب التي بينها الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلم لإلقاء السلام. 6.

ما الذي يحققه السلام على الأسرة.
جهود الشيخ الدكتور محمد بن محمد أبو شهبة في خدمة السنة و علومها
Authors: ، البشير علي حمد الترابي 
Published: February 2022

جهود الشيخ الدكتور محمد بن محمد أبو شهبة في خدمة السنة و علومها

تناولت الدراسة علما من أعلام السنة المعاصرين، و هو الشيخ محمد أبو شهبة باعتباره مجددا و مجتهدا في هذا الباب الذي ظل و لزمان طويل حبيس المصنفات القديمة.

و هكذا أبرزت الدراسة الجهد المقدر الذي قام به الشيخ في مجال السنة النبوية الشريفة سيرة و حديثا و سلطت الضوء على هذا الإسهام غير المسبوق المنشور منه و المسموع المرئي مما يعتبر مشهودا في باب دراسات علوم السنة.
التضمين النحوي في القرآن الكريم
Authors: أحمد بن محمد الخراط 
Published: February 2022

التضمين النحوي في القرآن الكريم
تناولت الدراسة رسالة علمية تناولت التضمين في النحو العربي مثمنا ما ذهبت إليه الدراسة في نظرتها لمسألة التضمين، و إنه إشراب لكلمة معنى كلمة أخرى مجراها من حيث التعدية أو اللزوم، و إنه يدخل الأسماء و الأفعال جميعا.
و فندت ما ذهب إليه الأقدمون من نيابة حروف الجر عن بعضها في هذا الباب.
Implementasi Model Penilaian Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Pada Penilaian Empat Keterampilan Berbahasa Arab
Authors: Haniefa Rifda 
Published: February 2022

One of the objectives of learning Arabic is to master four Arabic skills : listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills, and writing skills. The HOTS assessment onOne of the objectives of learning Arabic is to master four Arabic skills : listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills, and writing skills. The HOTS assessment on four skills aims to make students achieve various competencies that are in accordance with current developments. These competencies are critical thinking, creative and innovative, communication skills, collaboration and confidence. The five things that were conveyed by the government that became the target of the character of students were attached to the evaluation system and were 21st century skills. This research is a qualitative study that produces descriptive data. The type of this research is library research. The data analysis used is content analysis. HOTS assessment on four Arabic language skills can be implemented by aligning the form of assessment and the dimensions of the HOTS thinking process : creating, evaluating and analyzing which are then specified on indicators of competency achievement which are the elaboration of basic competencies four skills aims to make students achieve various competencies that are in accordance with current developments. These competencies are critical thinking, creative and innovative, communication skills, collaboration and confidence. The five things that were conveyed by the government that became the target of the character of students were attached to the evaluation system and were 21st century skills. This research is a qualitative study that produces descriptive data. The type of this research is library research. The data analysis used is content analysis. HOTS assessment on four Arabic language skills can be implemented by aligning the form of assessment and the dimensions of the HOTS thinking process : creating, evaluating and analyzing which are then specified on indicators of competency achievement which are the elaboration of basic competencies.
كشف الوجوه البيانية في قصيدة الشيخ علي الصابوني للحبيب أبي بكر العدني
Authors: Lintang Daud 
Published: February 2022

This research aims to unmask the beauty of the Arabic language as well as to reveal the shape of the parrot contained in the qasidah mirṡāh by Habib Abu bakr al-'Adni. As for the problem in this discussion, First: who is shaykh 'ali al-ṣābūnī? Second: who is Habib Abu Bakr al-'adni? Third: what is the shape of the parrot in the qasidah mirṡāh by Habib abu bakr al-'adni? Fourth: what is the meaning of the lamentation qasidah in habib abu bakr al-'adni's qasidah mirṡāh?
In this study the author used the library method by reading, analyzing and collecting data by referring to sources, references and books related to this theme. Then, for the stages of his research is to collect poems that contain only parrots and look for bayan elements, include the meaning of the poem in language and overall meaning, and reveal the parrot forms contained in the poem. The results of this study contained 1 tasybîh and 17 majãz.
In addition, this study became a picture of the breadth of language science, especially arabic science. Because, the style (uslub) of language communication is certainly very influential on all areas of europeanism and Arabic literature.
Problematika Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab SMP IT Yapidh
Authors: Hamdah Laras 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to find out the learning motivation of grade VIII students of SMPIT YAPIDH in the field of Arabic language studies and the efforts of teachers in fostering and improving the spirit and language skills. This research is a field study with a subject of grade VIII students numbering 30 people, data collection using observations and interviews. And data analysis using descriptive qualitative techniques.
The results of the study intended that the motivation of students to learn Arabic at SMPIT Yapidh is divided into two, namely internal motivational problems and external motivational problems. Internal motivational problems include lack of vocabulary, difficulty to read Arabic writing, lazy feelings that arise from each student, and difficult to understand the rules of Arabic (science nahwu and shorof). While the problematika external motivation of students, among others, the creation of an Arabic language environment among students, not all teachers understand the intellectual differences between students, the forced entry of SMPIT Yapidh from parents not from themselves and differences in educational background between students. The efforts made by the teacher is to provide information about the urgency of learning Arabic and teaching with interesting methods such as game methods, and teachers keep the classroom atmosphere conducive.
The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West
Authors: Wood Ian 
Published: February 2022

The establishment of Christianity in the late- and post-Roman world caused an economic as well as a religious revolution, but, while a great deal of attention has been paid to the religious developments of the period, the impact of the establishment of the Church on the economy has attracted remarkably little attention. The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West: Towards a Temple Society examines the chronology of the Church’s acquisition of wealth, and particularly of landed property, as well as the distribution of its income, in the period between the conversion of Constantine and the eighth century.
In this book, the society that emerged as a result of the Church’s acquisition of land is interpreted in the light of the anthropological model of the “Temple Society,” a concept developed from Karl Marx’s so-called “Asiatic Mode of Production.” The emergence of a socio-economic system dominated by the Church is presented as a crucial development in the history of western Europe.