bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of surface‐applied liquid manure on the drainage resistance profile of an agricultural tile‐drained clay till field
Authors: Bech Tina B. , Badawi Nora , Rosenbom Annette E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments is a concern due to human and animal health. Application of liquid manure on agricultural land is an important source of ARGs, where pathogens, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, and selective agents are released. To improve our understanding of ARGs spreading through soils, our main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the soil as a barrier protecting water resources. Over the course of a year, profiles and abundances of ARGs and mobile genetic elements in soil and drainage from an agricultural tile‐drained clay till field were investigated upon liquid pig manure application by applying high‐throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting 143 genes. The findings were as follows: (a) 97 genes were detected, where only the transposon gene tnpA‐03/ IS6 was shared between the genes detected in drainage and those in acidified liquid manure or fertilized soils, indicating that liquid manure application had a limited impact on the drainage resistance profile; (b) intI1 gene was present in ∼60% of drainage samples in concentrations up to 1,634 intI1 ml–1; and (c) evapotranspiration from barley (Hordeum vulgare L., ‘KWS Irina’) and a low groundwater table appeared to reduce preferential transport to drainage during the first 3 mo of liquid manure application. Interestingly, the first preferential transport to drainage was observed immediately after the harvest of spring barley. Overall, during the monitoring year we found the soil to be an effective barrier against the spread of fecal ARGs even though the occurrence of the intI1 gene questions the barrier effect from previous years.
The impact of pylorus preservation on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A historical cohort study
Authors: Jeon Dongsub , Park Bum Ho , Lee Han Chu , Park Yejong , Lee Woohyung , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Song Cheol , Choi Jonggi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe pathophysiology and associated factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remain elusive. We aimed to investigate these factors, including the operation type, for NAFLD development after PD.MethodsThis historical cohort study included 786 consecutive patients treated with either classic Whipple operation or pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) in Korea between 2012 and 2018. De novo NAFLD was determined based on hepatic attenuation in nonenhanced computed tomography during follow‐up.ResultsOf the 786 patients, 216 (27.5%) had a newly developed NAFLD at 2 years after PD. The incidences of newly developed NAFLD at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 years were 13 (1.7%), 41 (5.2%), 48 (6.1%), and 114 (14.5%), respectively. The Whipple group showed a significantly higher incidence of NAFLD than the PPPD group (40.3% vs 24.5%, P < .001). Seventeen patients (2.2%) had severe fatty liver with abnormal liver enzymes. Multivariable analysis revealed that Whipple operation (vs PPPD; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.92, P < .001) and high preoperative body mass index (vs normal; AOR: 1.71, P = .001) were independently associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.ConclusionThe incidence of NAFLD was 27.5% at 2 years after PD. Undergoing Whipple operation and high preoperative body mass index were significantly associated with de novo NAFLD development.
Prognosis following an extended duration of adjuvant gemcitabine plus S‐1 chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting
Authors: Kondo Naru , Uemura Kenichiro , Sumiyoshi Tatsuaki , Okada Kenjiro , Seo Shingo , Otsuka Hiroyuki , Kawano Reo , Murakami Yoshiaki , Takahashi Shinya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess whether the duration of adjuvant gemcitabine plus S‐1 (GS) chemotherapy has any effect on survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsOf the 290 patients who received adjuvant GS chemotherapy, 100 (34%) received the standard duration (20‐29 weeks) and 190 (66%) received an extended duration (≥30 weeks). To reduce selection bias, the prognostic impact (recurrence‐free survival [RFS] and overall survival [OS]) based on the duration of adjuvant GS chemotherapy was analyzed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Moreover, to reduce immortal time bias, time‐dependent multivariate analyses in which implementation of adjuvant GS chemotherapy was treated as time‐varying covariate was also performed.ResultsExtended duration of adjuvant GS chemotherapy was significantly correlated with prolonged RFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .001) after IPTW adjustment. Time‐dependent multivariate analyses revealed that extended duration of adjuvant GS chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for prolonged RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58, P = .002) and OS (HR, 0.56, P = .005).ConclusionExtended duration (≥30 weeks) of adjuvant GS chemotherapy in patients with PDAC was associated with an improved prognosis. These findings warrant a further prospective trial on PDAC to investigate the survival benefit of extended adjuvant chemotherapy.
The prognostic impact of ABO blood type in pancreatic cancer: Relevance to adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Tezuka Koji , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Okamura Yukiyasu , Sugiura Teiichi , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Otsuka Shimpei , Todaka Akiko , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of ABO blood type in resected pancreatic cancer (PC), with a focus on adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 510 patients who underwent pancreatectomy for PC between 2006 and 2017. Survival outcomes were investigated according to blood type and adjuvant chemotherapy regimen (S‐1, gemcitabine, or no adjuvant chemotherapy).ResultsAmong the 510 patients, the overall survival (OS) of patients with blood type O was significantly better compared to those with blood type non‐O (5‐year OS rate, 46.6% vs 30.5%, P = .025). In 241 patients treated with adjuvant S‐1, the 5‐year OS of patients with blood type O was significantly better than those with blood type non‐O (70.7% vs 44.2%, P = .001). Multivariate analysis showed that blood type non‐O was an independent prognostic factor for OS in the overall cohort (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.58, P = .002) and in patients treated with adjuvant S‐1 (HR: 2.99, P < .001). In patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine or no adjuvant chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in OS between patients with blood type O and those with blood type non‐O.ConclusionsBlood type O predicted favorable survival in patients with resected PC, which was associated with adjuvant S‐1.
Alveolar macrophage-derived NRP2 curtails lung injury while boosting host defense in bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Wang Bing , Guo Wei , Qiu Chen , Sun Yunyan , Zhao Chunxiao , Wu Caihong , Lai Xun , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClearance of airway intruders by immune cells is required to resolve infectious pneumonia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that alveolar macrophage (AM)-derived neuropilin 2 (NRP2) plays an essential role in controlling severe pneumonia by enhancing microbial clearance. Mice with conditional deletion of the NRP2 gene in AM had persistent bacteria, uncontrolled neutrophil influx, and decreased survival during Escherichia coli-induced pneumonia. In vitro assays demonstrated that NRP2 could bind to CD11b+Ly6Glo/+ neutrophils and promote their capacities in phagocytosis and killing of bacteria, which is partially contributed to the increased expression of TLR4 and TNF-a. These findings collectively revealed that AM-derived NRP2 protects the lungs from unwanted injury by promoting the clearance of invading pathogens. This study might provide a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for severe pneumonia.
Quantification of Early Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis Through 7.0 T Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping in a Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Hongkai , Shi Chunyan , Yang Lin , Zhang Nan , Li Guoqi , Zhou Zhen , Gao Yifeng , Liu Dongting , Xu Lei , Fan Zhanming 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDiffuse myocardial interstitial fibrosis (DMIF) is a key factor for heart failure (HF) in diabetic cardiomyopathy. MRI T1‐mapping technique can quantitatively evaluate DMIF.PurposeTo evaluate of early DMIF in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mouse model through 7.0 T MRI T1 mapping.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelA total of 50 8‐week‐old C57Bl/6J male mice were divided into control (n = 20) and T1DM (n = 30) groups.Field Strength/SequenceA 7.0 T small animal MRI; gradient echo Look–Locker inversion recovery T1‐mapping sequence; cine MRI. Scans were acquired in control and T1DM mice every 4 weeks until 24 weeks.AssessmentEnd‐diastolic volume (EDV), end‐systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricle (LV) mass, fractional shortening (FS), and E/A ratio. They were evaluated through echocardiography and cine MRI. The extracellular volume fraction (ECV) was calculated. Sirius Red staining was performed and calculated collagen volume fraction (CVF).Statistical TestsDifferences in ECV and CVF between two groups were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance. The correlation between ECV and CVF was assessed using Pearson's correlations.ResultsCompared with the control group, a progressive decrease in FS, EF, and E/A ratio was observed in the T1DM group. Both ECV and CVF values gradually increased during diabetes progression. A significant increase in ECV and CVF values was observed at 12 weeks (ECV: 32.5% ± 1.6% vs. 28.1% ± 1.8%; CVF: 6.9% ± 1.8% vs. 3.3% ± 1.1%). ECV showed a strong correlation with CVF (r = 0.856).Data ConclusionECV is an accurate and feasible imaging marker that can be used to quantitatively assess DMIF changes over time in T1DM mice. ECV has potential to accurately detect DMIF in the early stage and may be a useful imaging tool to assess the need for early intervention in T1DM mice.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Hydraulic jump: The cause of heavy rainfall on the immediate lee side of the Western Ghats in the Maharashtra state of India
Authors: Kulkarni Jeevanprakash , Deshpande Nayana , Morwal Savita B. , Kothawale Dilip R. , Narkhedkar Sanjay G. , Kumar Vinay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNorth–South‐oriented mountains (known as “The Western Ghats [WG]”) running parallel to the west coast of peninsular India separate the Maharashtra state (lying on the northwest of peninsular India) into two meteorological subdivisions (a) Konkan lying on the windward side of WG receiving high monsoon rainfall (2,390 mm) and (b) Madhya Maharashtra (MM) lying on the leeward side receiving low monsoon rainfall (579 mm). The state of Maharashtra has two more subdivisions on the leeward side of WG, viz. Marathwada and Vidarbha, which however do not lie on the immediate leeward side of WG. In this study, a subdivision of MM is further subdivided into (a) north–south strip of 80 km width on the immediate lee side (ILS) from the crest of WG and (b) area extending eastwards from ILS to 280 km, referred to as “distant lee side (DLS).” DLS contains some parts of the Marathwada subdivision also. The study indicates that the mean monsoon rainfall over ILS region is higher than DLS region (proportion is 1.4:1). Higher rainfall over ILS region has been shown due to the occurrence of the “hydraulic jump (HJ).” The dynamics of HJ are explained using Froude number and vertical velocities. The climatological high rainfall over ILS remained an unnoticed feature in the spatial monsoon variability over peninsular India. The study focuses on the unnoticed high rainfall in the ILS region and attributes it to HJ. The incorporation of HJ has the potential to impact on forecasting of monsoon rainfall over the region by numerical models.
Integrating trauma‐informed care into career counseling: A response to COVID‐19 job loss for Black, indigenous, and people of color
Authors: Wright Galaxina G. , Chan Christian D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe drastic increase among the U.S. unemployment rate led to increased trauma among those who lost their job as a result of the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Combined with racial and ethnic disparities, the culmination of these traumatic stressors creates unique challenges and barriers for individuals from historically marginalized populations and low socioeconomic backgrounds. In this article, we explore how trauma‐informed care can be integrated into career development practices for career practitioners. We provide a conceptualization of trauma‐informed practice, interventions, and practical implications for career practitioners to incorporate in their work with historically marginalized clients.
Influence of Various Physiochemical Parameters of AFeO3 (A = Bi, Er, Ga, La, Sm, Y) Fillers on the Dielectric, Ferroelectric, Energy Storage, and Mechanical Energy Harvesting Performance of PVDF
Authors: Sasmal Abhishek , Devi Parukuttyamma Sujatha , Sen Shrabanee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDifferent filler particles are very often used by researchers all over the world to tune the dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, energy storage, and energy harvesting properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). In the present work, different perovskite ferrites, AFeO3 (A = Bi, Er, Ga, La, Sm, and Y), are included into PVDF matrix separately. The roles of different parameters like, particle size, dielectric permittivity, ferroelectric polarization, crystal structure, etc. of the fillers in tuning the performance of respective PVDF‐based composites are comprehensively and simultaneously studied here. Non‐centrosymmetric fillers are found to improve the output performances of PVDF more effectively compared to that of centrosymmetric fillers. 5 wt% BiFeO3‐loaded PVDF film (5BF) shows the best performance in all aspects. Upon repeated human finger tapping, the maximum instantaneous output power density and instantaneous current across a 10 MΩ resistor connected across the 5BF film are found to be ≈3 µW cm−2 and 1.25 µA, respectively. The rectified voltage from 5BF nanogenerator is used to charge a 10 µF commercial capacitor up to ≈2.8 V and lights up some LEDs as a part of its real life applicability. The fabricated nanogenerator also shows good vibration and pressure sensing ability.
Discrete, Shallow Doping of Semiconductors via Cylinder‐Forming Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Yuanyi , Danielsen Scott P. O. , Popere Bhooshan C. , Heitsch Andrew T. , Li Mingqi , Trefonas Peter , Segalman Rachel A. , Katsumata Reika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlock copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly‐assisted doping for semiconductors is used to achieve discrete doping with nanometer‐scale junction depth, high throughput, and large area coverage. As devices become smaller and more sophisticated, spatial control of dopants becomes more critical. A variety of doping methods, such as monolayer doping and δ‐doping, have been developed to replace the conventional doping method, ion‐implantation; however, lateral patterning of dopants relies on photo‐ or e‐beam lithography. To address these challenges, a self‐assembling dopant (boron)‐containing BCP is designed to directly pattern dopants on the nanometer scale. This method skips the lithography step and is compatible with directed self‐assembly approaches. The effect of the boron concentration in the BCP on the doping performance is systematically studied by changing the volume fraction of the boron‐containing block while keeping the domain spacing and the mesoscale morphology constant. Successful self‐assembly of the BCP into a hexagonally packed cylindrical morphology is confirmed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and resonant soft X‐ray scattering with a 26 nm cylinder‐to‐cylinder distance. Doping silicon using these BCPs enables discrete doped areas with shallow (7–13 nm) junction depth as demonstrated by the depth profile of boron, and supported by a sheet resistance study.
Interfacial Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Core‐Shell Bottlebrush Block Copolymers Toward Responsive Photonic Balls Bearing Ionic Channels
Authors: Yuan Tengfei , Li Yuesheng , Song Dong‐Po 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotonic balls can be facilely obtained through interfacial self‐assembly of amphiphilic bottlebrush block polymers (BBCPs) within a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (w/o/w) multiple emulsion system, and polystyrene (PS) has been employed as the skeleton of the balls showing no responsive properties. Here, the design and synthesis of core‐shell BBCPs are demonstrated with a poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐polystyrene (PtBA‐b‐PS) block copolymer as the hydrophobic side chains and poly(ethylene glycol) as the hydrophilic block. Interfacial self‐assembly of the core‐shell BBCPs within shrinking droplets produces porous microspheres with full‐spectrum structural colors through an organized spontaneous emulsification process. The PtBA core wrapped by PS in the skeleton of the balls can be converted into polyacrylic acid (PAA) forming an ionic channel responsive to pH variations. Consequently, the hydrolyzed photonic balls show different colors under different pH conditions dependent on varying degrees of ionization and hydration of the PAA channel. Reflected colors can be verified using an optical spectrometer, providing an effective strategy for precise pH indication.
Hospital Admissions of Huntington's Disease Patients in a Huntington's Disease Centre Between 2011 and 2016: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Peball Marina , Heim Beatrice , Ellmerer Philipp , Frank Florian , Busin Nadia , Galffy Matyas , Djamshidian Atbin , Seppi Klaus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuntington's Disease (HD) is a relentlessly progressive genetic neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic motor, psychiatric, and behavioral abnormalities that inevitably results in severe disability and death. Many patients have multiple hospital admissions during the disease course, but there is limited information which problems lead to hospitalization.ObjectivesTo assess acute reasons for hospital admissions, discharge routes, and clinical characteristics of HD patients in a retrospective analysis.MethodsWe reviewed all medical records of patients with an established diagnosis of Huntington's Disease and hospital admissions between 2011 and 2016 in our local hospital‐based database.ResultsThere were 135 hospital admissions in 53 HD patients during the review period, representing a median of two admissions per patient. Median duration of hospitalization was seven days. The most frequent reason for admission was a worsening of HD motor symptoms (n = 77, 57.0%) such as chorea, parkinsonism, gait problems, falls, and dysphagia. Psychiatric symptoms related to HD were the second most common reason for admission (n = 58, 43.0%). Infections (including aspiration pneumonia) and traumas/surgical procedures were only responsible for 6.7% and 5.9% of admissions, respectively. Emergency admissions were not common (42.2%), and the majority of patients were able to return to their previous residency upon discharge (85.2%, home or nursing home). Recurrent admissions were associated with worse motor function and functional capacity.ConclusionsWorsening of motor and psychiatric symptoms associated with Huntington's Disease were the most common reasons for hospital admissions. Therefore, our data highlight the importance of optimal symptom control in HD patients.
Nitrogen Poisoning of HDPE and LLDPE based on Chemically Recycled Post‐Consumer Plastic via a Kinetic and Microstructural Modeling Technique
Authors: Pernusch Daniel C. , Spiegel Gunnar , Paulik Christian , Hofer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChemical recycling of plastic waste has promise as a complementary technology to increase eco‐efficiency of plastics life cycles. Accumulation of impurities in feed streams can affect sensitive compounds such as the Ziegler–Natta catalyst systems commonly used to produce polyolefins such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). In a poison study, the influence of impurities—more specifically NO and N2O—on the catalyst system are investigated comprehensively in terms of kinetic behavior and activity rates. A product composition analysis gives insights into product properties such as molecular weight distribution (MWD), comonomer composition distribution (CCD), melting point, and crystallinity. By applying known modeling techniques (kinetic modeling, MWD, and CCD deconvolution modeling), information beyond analytical data is obtained. The results of the study show that both poisons significantly affect catalyst kinetics and reduce catalyst activity. N2O influences primarily the MWD, while NO poisoning strongly affects the CCD of LLDPE samples. Since the mechanical properties of the polymers produced depend on factors such as MWD and CCD, NO and N2O poisoning may reduce their processability and applicability.
Blip up‐down acquisition for spin‐ and gradient‐echo imaging (BUDA‐SAGE) with self‐supervised denoising enables efficient T2, T2*, para‐ and dia‐magnetic susceptibility mapping
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Cho Jaejin , Wang Long , Liao Congyu , Shin Hyeong‐Geol , Cao Xiaozhi , Lee Jongho , Xu Jinmin , Zhang Tao , Ye Huihui , Setsompop Kawin , Liu Huafeng , Bilgic Berkin 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo rapidly obtain high resolution T2, T2*, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) source separation maps with whole‐brain coverage and high geometric fidelity.MethodsWe propose Blip Up‐Down Acquisition for Spin And Gradient Echo imaging (BUDA‐SAGE), an efficient EPI sequence for quantitative mapping. The acquisition includes multiple T2*‐, T2′‐, and T2‐weighted contrasts. We alternate the phase‐encoding polarities across the interleaved shots in this multi‐shot navigator‐free acquisition. A field map estimated from interim reconstructions was incorporated into the joint multi‐shot EPI reconstruction with a structured low rank constraint to eliminate distortion. A self‐supervised neural network (NN), MR‐Self2Self (MR‐S2S), was used to perform denoising to boost SNR. Using Slider encoding allowed us to reach 1 mm isotropic resolution by performing super‐resolution reconstruction on volumes acquired with 2 mm slice thickness. Quantitative T2 (=1/R2) and T2* (=1/R2*) maps were obtained using Bloch dictionary matching on the reconstructed echoes. QSM was estimated using nonlinear dipole inversion on the gradient echoes. Starting from the estimated R2/R2* maps, R2′ information was derived and used in source separation QSM reconstruction, which provided additional para‐ and dia‐magnetic susceptibility maps.ResultsIn vivo results demonstrate the ability of BUDA‐SAGE to provide whole‐brain, distortion‐free, high‐resolution, multi‐contrast images and quantitative T2/T2* maps, as well as yielding para‐ and dia‐magnetic susceptibility maps. Estimated quantitative maps showed comparable values to conventional mapping methods in phantom and in vivo measurements.ConclusionBUDA‐SAGE acquisition with self‐supervised denoising and Slider encoding enables rapid, distortion‐free, whole‐brain T2/T2* mapping at 1 mm isotropic resolution under 90 s.