bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID‐19 on pregnancy worry in the United States
Authors: Burgess Adriane , Breman Rachel Blankstein , Roane Lynnee A. , Dada Sophia , Bradley Dani , Burcher Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral recent studies confirm that the COVID‐19 pandemic has increased symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant persons around world. In this study, we aimed to uncover the impact of COVID‐19 on worry during pregnancy.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional descriptive research design. A link to a survey was emailed to users of the Ovia Pregnancy app. Participants (N = 253) completed the survey, which included the Cambridge Worry in Pregnancy Scale, and answered several free text questions. The free‐text questions were included to capture worries not listed on the scale and to allow participants the opportunity to more clearly describe COVID‐19‐related worries. Descriptive statistics were reported, and content analysis performed to determine themes.ResultsOverall, respondents reported they were quite or very worried about having their partner with them at birth (31.7%, n = 80), giving birth (28.2%; n = 71), and something being wrong with the baby (27.3%; n = 69). Results on worries also differed by participants’ race, parity, and trimester. When comparing White to other racial groups, other racial groups had statistically significantly higher median scores for questions on worries about employment (P = .001), going to the hospital (P = .002), and internal examinations (P = .03). Content analysis revealed isolation, loss of support, anxiety/stress, and grief as major themes.DiscussionThe worry, isolation, loss of support, anxiety, and grief reported by pregnant persons during the COVID‐19 pandemic may impact maternal pre‐ and postnatal mental health and are not borne equally. Birthing persons of color appear disproportionately impacted. Prenatally, maternity care providers should assess for worry and provide individualized education and resources to pregnant patients, centering individuals and communities made most vulnerable by structural inequality.
Local government funding for the nonprofit sector in British Columbia
Authors: Clément Dominique 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is the first study to use grants data to document trends in municipal funding for the nonprofit sector in Canada. It demonstrates, among other things, how municipal funding for the nonprofit sector has increased dramatically in recent years; how funding practices favour certain sectors and organizations; and how local governments fail to provide sustaining funding for community service organizations. This study is based on an innovative new dataset that includes grants from 21 municipalities across British Columbia. It ends with a discussion on the essential role of municipalities in the public funding ecosystem for the nonprofit sector.
Being homeless at the “End” of homelessness navigating the symbolic and social boundaries of housing first
Authors: Kohut Chris , Patterson Matt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHousing First (HF) has emerged as the dominant paradigm in homelessness policy and has been praised for bringing an “end” to the homelessness crisis. Others claim, however, that HF facilitates further sociospatial exclusion of people experiencing homelessness (PEH). To advance this debate and understand HF within its larger sociological context, this article examines how HF policies translate to the lived experiences of those who remain in shelters and on the streets. Through interviews with 22 PEH, we demonstrate how HF confronts PEH with a set of strategic dilemmas that we frame using the concept of “boundary‐work.” First, PEH must negotiate the symbolic boundaries that HF establishes between “worthy” and “unworthy” for the purposes of distributing housing. Second, once housed, PEH face challenges in navigating the social boundaries that separate the private space of the dwelling, the transitional spaces of homelessness (e.g., streets, shelters), and the increasingly gentrified public spaces of the city. We end by discussing the implications of these findings for evaluating HF programs and demonstrating the value of a boundary‐work perspective on homelessness.
Utility of the Ba/F3 cell system for exploring on‐target mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for lung cancer
Authors: Koga Takamasa , Suda Kenichi , Mitsudomi Tetsuya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular targeted therapies are the standard of care for front‐line treatment of metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring driver gene mutations. However, despite the initial dramatic responses, the emergence of acquired resistance is inevitable. Acquisition of secondary mutations in the target gene (on‐target resistance) is one of the major mechanisms of resistance. The mouse pro‐B cell line Ba/F3 is dependent on interleukin‐3 for survival and proliferation. Upon transduction of a driver gene, Ba/F3 cells become independent of interleukin‐3 but dependent on the transduced driver gene. Therefore, the Ba/F3 cell line has been a popular system to generate models with oncogene dependence and vulnerability to specific targeted therapies. These models have been used to estimate oncogenicity of driver mutations or efficacies of molecularly targeted drugs. In addition, Ba/F3 models, together with N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis, have been used to derive acquired resistant cells to investigate on‐target resistance mechanisms. Here, we reviewed studies that used Ba/F3 models with EGFR mutations, ALK/ROS1/NTRK/RET fusions, MET exon 14 skipping mutations, or KRAS G12C mutations to investigate secondary/tertiary drug resistant mutations. We determined that 68% of resistance mutations reproducibly detected in clinical cases were also found in Ba/F3 models. In addition, sensitivity data generated with Ba/F3 models correlated well with clinical responses to each drug. Ba/F3 models are useful to comprehensively identify potential mutations that induce resistance to molecularly targeted drugs and to explore drugs to overcome the resistance.
Placing Arrows in Directed Graph Layouts: Algorithms and Experiments
Authors: Binucci Carla , Didimo Walter , Kaufmann Michael , Liotta Giuseppe , Montecchiani Fabrizio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study how to place arrow heads in directed graph drawings aiming at minimizing their overlaps and avoiding intersections between arrow heads and edges. The objective is to support users to correctly and quickly recognize edge orientations, i.e. to deduce unambiguously the edge orientations. Our contribution is two‐fold: (i) We present exact and heuristic algorithms for this arrow placement problem, along with an extensive experimental analysis of these techniques; and (ii) we report on a user study aimed to understand the impact of different arrow placement strategies on performing global and local analysis tasks on directed graph layouts.
Case series of massive direct oral anticoagulant ingestion—Treatment and pharmacokinetics data
Authors: Delrue Maxime , Chevillard Lucie , Stépanian Alain , Dragoni Alessandra , Camoin‐Jau Laurence , Voicu Sébastien , Malissin Isabelle , Deye Nicolas , Gainnier Marc , Siguret Virginie , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are widely used due to favourable benefit/risk ratio. However, consequences of massive ingestion have been poorly investigated.ObjectivesWe aimed to report outcome and pharmacokinetic parameters in patients who massively ingested DOACs.MethodsWe conducted a 5‐year cohort study including consecutive massive DOAC ingestion patients admitted to two critical care departments. Patients were managed in accordance with standards of care. We collected the main history, clinical, laboratory, management and outcome data. The time‐course of plasma DOAC concentrations measured using specific assays was modelled.ResultsTwelve patients (3F/9M; age, 55 years [41–63], median [25th–75th percentiles]) were included. Ingestions involved rivaroxaban (n = 7), apixaban (n = 3) and dabigatran (n = 2), with presumed doses of 9.4‐fold [5.0–22.0] the full daily dose. Six patients received activated charcoal but no antidote nor blood‐derived product. No bleeding was observed. One patient died due to refractory cardiogenic shock related to bisoprolol co‐intoxication. Highest observed peak plasma concentrations were 1720 ng/ml (rivaroxaban), 750 ng/ml (apixaban) and 644 ng/ml (dabigatran). Times to reach DOAC concentration below 50 ng/ml were ~20–45 h (rivaroxaban), ~125 h (apixaban) and ~30–50 h (dabigatran). Elimination half‐lives were 2.5–25.5 h (rivaroxaban), 22.0 and 36.5 h (apixaban), and 5.8 and 15.5 h (dabigatran), with substantial interindividual variability and prolongation in case of cardiovascular failure related to co‐intoxicants. Charcoal administration, even if delayed, may have contributed to limit toxicity, possibly by reducing absorption and/or enteroenteric recycling.ConclusionNo bleeding was observed in this series of massive DOAC ingestions despite elevated plasma concentrations. No patient required specific haemostatic agents. Charcoal administration should be considered to limit toxicity.
Implant treatment after traumatic tooth loss: A systematic review
Authors: Nørgaard Petersen Frej , Jensen Simon Storgård , Dahl Morten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsTreatment after traumatic tooth loss is challenging and is currently guided by expert opinion and the individual patient situation. The aim of this study was to provide an overview on the outcome of dental implant treatment in the anterior maxilla after traumatic tooth loss, based on a systematic review of the existing evidence.Materials and MethodsA systematic search of the literature was performed on PubMed, Cochran Library and Web of Science following the PRISMA guidelines based on a structured research question (PICO). All clinical studies of five patients or more with follow‐up of at least 1 year after implant loading were included. Patients were at least 18 years of age. Cohen’s Kappa‐coefficient was calculated. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was applied to assess the quality of the included studies. Descriptive statistical methods were applied.ResultsNine hundred and ninety‐nine articles were identified through the systematic search. Finally, six articles were eligible for inclusion. The studies comprised prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series. From these, 96 patients with 120 implants were included. The age ranged from 18 to 59 years. The survival rates of implants and superstructures were 97% and 95%, respectively, after a mean follow‐up of 3.5 years. Mean marginal bone resorption was 0.56 mm (range 0.21–1.30 mm). Complication rates were 7% and 11% on implant and superstructure level, respectively. Patient‐reported outcome measures and objective evaluations showed a high level of satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome. Bone augmentation was performed in 60 implant sites. Three patients underwent pre‐surgical orthodontic treatment. The maxillary central incisor was the most frequently replaced tooth (70%).ConclusionsThis systematic review revealed a low level of evidence on the outcome of dental implant treatment after traumatic tooth loss. Systematic reporting of treatment outcomes of tooth replacements after dental trauma is highly encouraged to further guide dentists for the benefit of these challenging patients.
Troublesome behaviour and traumatic dental injuries during adolescence
Authors: Kambal Enas , Marcenes Wagner , Stansfeld Stephen A. , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground/AimTroublesome behaviour can lead to bodily injuries among young people, although a link with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal association between troublesome behaviour and TDIs during adolescence.MethodsThis study analysed data from phases 2 and 3 of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a longitudinal study of public secondary schools in East London. Troublesome behaviour in the past 12 months was measured with 8 items (told lies to get things from others, started fight, bullied or threatened people, stayed late outside, stole valuable things, ran away from home, played truant from school and intentionally destroyed someone else's property) from the Development and Well‐Being Assessment (DAWBA), when participants were 13–14 years old (Phase 2). Adolescents were dentally examined for TDIs when they were 15–16 years old (Phase 3). The association between troublesome behaviour and TDIs was tested in logistic regression models adjusting for socio‐demographic characteristics and oral clinical factors.ResultsForty‐three per cent of adolescents reported one or more troublesome behaviours at age 13–14 years, and 16% had evidence of TDIs by age 15–16 years. Adolescents who answered ‘perhaps’ and ‘definitely’ to any troublesome behaviour item had, respectively, 1.37 (95% CI: 0.62–3.00) and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.69–3.30) greater odds of having TDIs than those who answered ‘no’ after adjustment for confounders. Of the 8 behaviours assessed, having run away from home, bullied or threatened people, often told lies, and stolen valuable things were associated with having TDIs.ConclusionThis study among adolescents shows that reporting troublesome behaviour was associated with TDIs two years later. Given the wide confidence intervals for these associations, the present findings require confirmation from further longitudinal studies.
(Z,E)‐α‐Farnesene – sex pheromone component of female click beetle Selatosomus aeripennis destructor with intra‐ and inter‐sexual communication function
Authors: Gries Regine , van Herk Wim , Alamsetti Santosh K. , Catton Haley , Meers Scott , Otani Jennifer , Gries Gerhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSex pheromones are known for only a few major click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) pests in North America. These pheromones could be used to monitor, as well as control, adult beetles. Our objective was to identify the sex pheromone of female Selatosomus aeripennis destructor (Brown), a predominant elaterid pest species in farmland in the Canadian Prairie provinces. Headspace volatiles from a group of S. a. destructor females were collected and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The GC‐EAD recordings revealed two candidate pheromone components that elicited weak (CPC‐1) or strong (CPC‐2) responses from adult male S. a. destructor antennae. The mass spectra of CPC‐1 and CPC‐2 indicated, and authentic standards confirmed, that they were the isomers (E)‐β‐farnesene and (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene, respectively. In three field experiments at various sites in Alberta, Canada, traps baited with synthetic (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene captured 7.1×, 6.8×, and 2.6× more males than unbaited control traps. In follow‐up experiments, traps baited with (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene captured significantly more males, but significantly fewer females, than unbaited control traps, indicating sex pheromone autodetection by females. (E)‐β‐Farnesene on its own was not attractive as a trap lure, and when added to (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene at a 20:1 ratio, it reduced the lure’s attractiveness. Our data support the conclusion that (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene is the major sex pheromone component of S. a. destructor females, with both an intra‐ and inter‐sexual communication function.
Failing to fail phenomena
Authors: Dixon Carly , Vahid Roudsari Reza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical competence is the backbone of competence‐based dental education. Over time, there has been a paradigm shift toward training students who are capable of independent practice, as opposed to mere academic success.MethodsA mixed‐method study was undertaken by anonymised email questionnaire to all restorative tutors at the UK Dental School. Demographics and teaching experience were ascertained, along with key questions on the utilisation of online assessment software iDentity. The assessment process for tutors was explored, and barriers experienced when grading students were reported.ResultsThe questionnaire was sent to all 51 restorative tutors with a response rate of 59% (n = 30). Only 3.5% of tutors provided verbal feedback and grading to students in person, with 20.7% only completing iDentity gradings following an email reminder. The majority of staff (93.3%) felt comfortable in raising concerns; however, one of the three clinical tutors admitted they had allowed a failing student to a pass. Qualitative analysis demonstrated several themes why tutors were reluctant to fail students: maintaining good relationships, limited supervision, time delay of grading, one‐off event and the student's first attempt.ConclusionsGrading students as competent as a one‐off experience could potentially mask a recurring problem with a student, in turn impacting the student's ability to assess their own weakness and believe themselves to be competent, and potentially be overconfident. Fair and accurate assessment has a significant benefit to student and staff, enabling targeted development to motivate the students and improve the quality of care provided to the patients.
Effect of self‐learning media based on 360° virtual reality for learning periodontal instrument skills
Authors: Tak Na‐Yeoun , Lim Hee‐Jung , Lim Do‐seon , Hwang Young‐Sun , Jung Im‐Hee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionOf 360° Virtual Reality (VR) is possibly produced and sufficiently effective as a consumer‐friendly VR learning medium. Therefore, it is also expected to be useful in the dental practice field, as a self‐learning medium for non‐face‐to‐face skill training during the ongoing pandemic (COVID‐19). Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess 360° VR self‐learning media for a periodontal instrument operation.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 30 participants who had never experienced instrument training. We offered basic education and initial assessment (IA), then divided them into three groups: 1) PAPER: trained only with paper handouts; 2) 2D: trained with 2D video; 3) VR: trained with 360° VR. Each group performed self‐learning and mid‐term assessment (MA). Subjects then implemented home self‐learning with the same media for one week, which was then followed by a final assessment (FA).ResultAnalysis of IA‐to‐FA improvement scores showed that VR and 2D video were significantly higher than the PAPER groups. Meanwhile, analysis of MA‐to‐FA improvement scores showed that only VR was substantially higher than the PAPER group. Although VR and 2D video groups were not considerably different, VR scores were numerically higher than 2D video in all improvement score analyses.DiscussionBoth 2D video and 360° VR training were helpful to participants for an effective self‐learning and also had good portability and accessibility as online‐based learning methods. 360° VR showed higher learning efficiency than regular 2D video, possibly due to its autonomy, 360° visual information and physical and immersive characteristics, which positively affected self‐training.ConclusionOur findings showed the potential of 360° VR learning media and, further, suggest its usefulness as a novel self‐learning method in future dental education.
Cooperative breeding and the emergence of multilevel societies in birds
Authors: Camerlenghi Ettore , McQueen Alexandra , Delhey Kaspar , Cook Carly N. , Kingma Sjouke A. , Farine Damien R. , Peters Anne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultilevel societies (MLSs), where social levels are hierarchically nested within each other, are considered one of the most complex forms of animal societies. Although thought to mainly occurs in mammals, it is suggested that MLSs could be under‐detected in birds. Here, we propose that the emergence of MLSs could be common in cooperatively breeding birds, as both systems are favoured by similar ecological and social drivers. We first investigate this proposition by systematically comparing evidence for multilevel social structure in cooperative and non‐cooperative birds in Australia and New Zealand, a global hotspot for cooperative breeding. We then analyse non‐breeding social networks of cooperatively breeding superb fairy‐wrens (Malurus cyaneus) to reveal their structured multilevel society, with three hierarchical social levels that are stable across years. Our results confirm recent predictions that MLSs are likely to be widespread in birds and suggest that these societies could be particularly common in cooperatively breeding birds.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of the TYRO Dads Program
Authors: Kim Young‐Il , Jang Sung Joon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether fathers who attend TYRO Dads class report greater satisfaction in their relationship with their child and increased engagement in activities with their child than nonparticipants and, if so, whether parenting efficacy, parenting role identity, and coparenting relationship with the child's mother account for differences in father involvement between the intervention and control groups.BackgroundDespite the growing number of fatherhood intervention programs, limited experimental research has been conducted to evaluate their effectiveness.MethodA randomized controlled trial was conducted with a sample of 252 fathers randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups completed a pretest survey and were followed up at the end of intervention (posttest) and 3 months after the intervention (follow‐up). Latent growth curve models were used to estimate both intervention and dosage effects.ResultsThe intervention group fathers reported significant improvement over time in the level of satisfaction of the relationship with their child. This finding may be partly because program participants became more confident in their parenting role, had their parenting role identity enhanced, or felt better about their relationship with their child's mother. These results were more pronounced among those who attended eight out of 10 sessions.ConclusionIn this study, the TYRO Dads program was an effective intervention helping low‐income fathers boost their confidence as a father and enhancing fathers' perception of their relationship with the child's mother.ImplicationsResponsible fatherhood programs should make an intentional effort to incentivize participation to increase attendance and the likelihood of completing the program.