bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of altered gut microbiota on visceral hypersensitivity of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome mice
Authors: Cheng Fangli , Fan Zhenzhen , Lin Chenhong , Zhu Yubin , He Huiqin , Dai Ning , Du Lijun 
Published: September 2022

Objective
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized with visceral hypersensitivity. Previous studies indicated gut microbiota alteration associated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) dysregulation is associated with IBS development. The aim of the study is to explore the potential role of microbiota dysbiosis mediated visceral hypersensitivity in postinfectious-IBS (PI-IBS) mouse model.

Methods
Four-week-old NIH mice were randomly allocated into four groups: control mice, PI-IBS mice, PI-IBS mice co-housing with normal mice, and PI-IBS mice were administrated with a cocktail of antibiotics. Trichinella spiralis infection established PI-IBS mouse model. Microbiota in cecal contents and feces were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. SCFAs were detected by gas chromatography. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was evaluated by ELISA, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) were examined by western blot. Visceral sensitivity was determined by abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distention.

Results
Increased SCFAs were observed in cecal contents and feces in PI-IBS mice accompanied with higher 5-HT and NMDAR subunits expressions in ileum and colon. Visceral hypersensitivity was observed in PI-IBS mice compared to control mice. When administrated with antibiotics cocktails and co-housing with normal mice, PI-IBS mice showed decreased SCFAs, 5-HT, NMDAR subunits expressions, and improved visceral hypersensitivity.

Conclusion
Gut microbiota alteration induced increased SCFAs, 5-HT and NMDAR subunits expressions were associated with visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. The critical role of gut microbiota in improving visceral hypersensitivity was further identified by treatment of antibiotics cocktail and co-housing.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus radiofrequency ablation as initial treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shin Hwang Sik , Hwan Lee Sae , Jun Baek Gyu , Kim Hong Soo , Kang Seong Hee , Park Ji Young , Choi Soo In , Cheon Gab Jin , Kim Young Don , Yoo Jeong-Ju , Kim Sang Gyune , Kim Young Seok , Jeong Soung Won , Jang Jae Young , Suk Ki Tae , Kim Dong Joon , Jo In Young , Won Yong Kyun 
Published: September 2022

Background/Aim
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may be an alternative treatment for patients with small (≤3 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) who were not indicated for resection or local ablation therapy. This study compared the therapeutic effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and SBRT in patients with small (≤3 cm) HCCs.

Methods
Data of HCC patients who underwent SBRT or RFA as an initial treatment at four tertiary referral hospitals between March 2011 and February 2017 were reviewed. The patient inclusion criteria were a single nodule measuring ≤3 cm in size and not suitable for resection.

Results
SBRT and RFA were performed for 72 (SBRT group) and 134 (RFA group) patients, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 97.0%, 80.3%, and 80.3%, respectively, in the SBRT group compared with 98.5%, 83.9%, and 80.8%, respectively, in the RFA group, with no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.81). The estimated five-year local control (LC) rate was 68.1% in the SBRT group and 73.1% in the RFA group (P = 0.81). In the SBRT group analysis, both SBRT alone (n = 34) and SBRT combined with transarterial chemoembolization (n = 38) showed no difference with RFA in OS (P = 0.72 and P = 0.90) or LC rate (P = 0.95 and P = 0.68), respectively.

Conclusion
SBRT is an effective and safe treatment method for small HCCs, with survival and tumor recurrence rates similar to those of RFA.
Can albumin reduce the mortality of patients with cirrhosis and ascites? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xu Taichuan , Liu Wanjiang , Huang Ruizhen 
Published: September 2022

Background
Albumin therapy in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis has always been a controversial issue. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of albumin in reducing mortality and controlling complications in patients with liver cirrhosis and provide a reference for relevant decision-making.

Methods
Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to collect eligible articles published before January 2022, which were analyzed by Revman 5.3.

Results
A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (2040 patients) were included. Based on the meta-analysis results, no significant difference in mortality was shown between the albumin administration group and the control group (HR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97–1.05; P = 0.62). Subgroup analysis showed that albumin administration had no significant short-term or long-term survival benefits in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and increased the risk of pulmonary edema adverse reactions (RR = 3.14; 95% CI, 1.48–6.65; P = 0.003). Subgroup analysis based on albumin administration time showed that short-term (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.76–1.13; P = 0.47) or long-term (HR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.87–1.08; P = 0.58) administration of albumin could not significantly reduce the mortality of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. In contrast, albumin administration could significantly reduce the recurrence rate of ascites (RR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46–0.68; P = 0.000).

Conclusion
Short-term(<1 month) or long-term (>1 month) administration of albumin can not significantly reduce the mortality of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and a large amount of albumin infusion will increase the risk of pulmonary edema.
Is technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy available for predicting vesicoureteral reflux in children with first febrile urinary tract infection under the age of 24 months?
Authors: Yang Wei , Jiao Qinghan , Wang Haiyan , Chen Weizhen , Yao Hongxiang 
Published: September 2022

Objective
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common complication after urinary tract infection (UTI) and can lead to irreversible renal scar. Voiding cystourethrogram is the most reliable technology to detect VUR and its severity, but it is restricted in children’s examinations for various shortcomings. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy and conventional ultrasonography (USG) in predicting VUR with the gold standard of cystourethrogram results.

Methods
This retrospective study consisted of 285 first febrile UTI children under the age of 24 months who completed inflammatory indicator examinations, USG, Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy and underwent cystourethrography after controlling infection with prophylactic antibiotics. The efficiency of Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy and USG in predicting VUR was calculated and compared.

Results
Abnormal USG (40.23% vs. 21.72%, P = 0.001) and Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy results (87.36% vs. 71.72%, P = 0.004) were more common in VUR children. The sensitivity of USG in predicting VUR was only 40.23%, whereas the sensitivity and negative predictive value of Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy reached 87.63 and 83.58%, respectively. Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy had a higher efficacy than USG in predicting high-grade reflux kidneys (73.87% vs. 33.33%; P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in predicting low-grade reflux kidneys (P = 0.703).

Conclusion
Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy had a significant higher efficiency in predicting VUR (a common cause of renal scarring, detected on DMSA) in first febrile urinary tract infection children under the age of 24 months as compared with USG, especially in high-grade reflux.
Diet and carcinogenesis of gastric cancer
Authors: Maddineni Gautam , Xie Jesse J. , Brahmbhatt Bhaumik , Mutha Pritesh 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Several recent studies have corroborated a strong association between diet and gastric cancer risk; investigators have also identified dietary factors that protect against gastric cancer. This review summarizes the literature on this topic and guides future research directions.

Recent findings
High-salt intake disrupts the gastric mucosal defense barrier, promoting Helicobacter pylori colonization and penetration of other carcinogenic compounds. Processed foods, processed meats, red meat, alcohol, foods with high dietary fat, and dietary cholesterol increase the risk of gastric carcinogenesis. On the other hand, increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and a low-salt diet may offer a protective effect.

Summary
Despite decreases in gastric cancer incidence because of increased identification and treatment of H. pylori, gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide with a high mortality rate. This disturbing statistic highlights the importance of reducing and eliminating other risk factors for gastric cancer. There is a strong body of evidence that alcohol, processed foods, high salt intake, high fat intake, and foods with animal products (meats, eggs, and dairy) increase the risk of gastric cancer. A diet that is high in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and is low in salt may reduce the risk of gastric cancer.
Evaluation and management of paediatric vertigo
Authors: Peterson Joseph D. , Brodsky Jacob R. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the most current information on cause, evaluation and treatment of dizziness in children.

Recent findings
There has been an increased understanding of the multifactorial cause of dizziness in the paediatric population. Quantitative vestibular testing is increasingly used and valuable as a diagnostic adjunct. Vestibular rehabilitation, migraine hygiene, psychological therapies, pharmaceuticals and/or surgery can be used as well tolerated and effective treatments for vertigo in children and adolescents when tailored to cause.

Summary
Paediatric vertigo can be effectively evaluated through careful history taking and physical examination along with adjunctive tests, such as vestibular testing and audiometry, when appropriate. Options for treatment of vestibular disorders in children and adolescents have greatly expanded in recent years allowing for the effective management of nearly all cases of paediatric vertigo, though a multimodal and/or multidisciplinary approach is often needed.
Updates in paediatric cholesteatoma
Authors: Orobello Nick , Harrington Chloe , Reilly Brian K. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The management of paediatric patients with cholesteatoma is complex, as the disease process is more aggressive in children than adults. New technologies and practice adaptations currently help optimize the surgical management and monitoring of these challenging patients.

Recent findings
Several options of surgical management are available and are associated with equal if not improved outcomes. Technologic advancements in endoscopic ear surgery, the discovery of chemical-assisted dissection of cholesteatoma and advanced imaging protocols have enabled surgeons to better care for patients with this complex disease process.

Summary
The advances in endoscopic ear surgery, the discovery of Mesna as a chemically assisted dissection agent to improve recidivism rates and the use of specific diffusion-weighted MRI protocols enable the otologic surgeon to better care for these paediatric patients.
Impact of high-dose glucocorticoid on endothelial damage after liver resection – a double-blinded randomized substudy
Authors: Pitter Sandra E L T , Steinthorsdottir Kristin J , Johansson Pär I , Nørgaard Peter , Schultz Nicolai , Kehlet Henrik , Aasvang Eske K 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Postoperative endothelial damage potentially results in increased vascular leakage, tissue edema and subsequent complications. The preventive effect of glucocorticoids on endothelial damage after surgery is sparsely described, including the relation between endothelial damage and the postoperative inflammatory response. Thus, we aimed to assess the preventive effect of high-dose glucocorticoids on postoperative endothelial damage, and the association between endothelial damage and inflammation after surgery.

Methods
This was a predefined substudy of a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of methylprednisolone 10 mg/kg (high dose) vs. dexamethasone 8 mg (low dose) in patients undergoing liver resection at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. In total 25 patients undergoing major liver resection (11 in the high-dose group and 14 in the low-dose group) were included. The primary outcome was changed in five endothelial biomarkers and the secondary outcome was changes in inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)] for the first three postoperative days.

Results
No statistically significant difference was found for any endothelial biomarkers postoperatively between the two groups (P > 0.15, for all). High-dose glucocorticoids significantly reduced CRP on day 3 compared to low-dose glucocorticoids [median difference on a postoperative day 3, 59.6 g/L, (84.2; 27.1), P < 0.002]. No significant correlation between endothelial damage and CRP levels was seen.

Conclusions
No significant effect of high- vs. low-dose glucocorticoids on development in endothelial biomarkers after major liver resection was observed. High-dose glucocorticoids reduce the inflammatory response though without correlation to endothelial damage. Future studies should assess the clinical impact of increased endothelial biomarkers for clinical perioperative outcomes.
Equipping Nurses to Lead Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Galuska Lee , Loos Nancy , Kawar Lina Najib , Thomas Bindu , Gallagher-Ford Lynn 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to describe the evidence-based practice (EBP) attributes among California nurse leaders who are members of a professional nursing organization.

BACKGROUND
Nurse leaders are pivotal for successful EBP implementation. The Association of California Nurse Leaders' (ACNL) mission to equip nurses to lead self, others, and systems propelled them to conduct a study of members' EBP beliefs, knowledge, competencies, and implementation.

METHODS
Evidence-based practice attributes of California nurse leaders were measured using valid and reliable scales via an anonymous, electronic survey.

RESULTS
Although ahead in the subjective EBP scales, California nurse leaders' perceptions of organizational EBP culture were comparable with those of a similar national sample. Scores still indicated opportunities for improvement.

CONCLUSIONS
Nurse leaders must be prepared to lead EBP in their organizations. Professional organizations such as ACNL have an opportunity to help leaders by conducting research and assessing and meeting their members' learning needs.
The Effectiveness of Exercises with Electromyographic Biofeedback in Conservative Treatment of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Tiryaki Pelin , Çelik Derya , Bilsel Kerem , Erşen Ali 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program with electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) compared to the control group on patients with massive rotator cuff (RC) tear.

Design
Forty-six adults with massive RC tears, randomly assigned to two groups (23 EMG-BF group vs. 23 Control group). The EMG-BF group (experimental group) performed the exercises under the guidance of EMG-BF, unlike the control group. All patients underwent a 45-minute training session a day, three times a week over a 6-week duration, and followed up until 1-year. The outcome measures were American Shoulder and Elbow (ASES) score, shoulder flexion strength, shoulder range of motion (ROM), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and Global Rating of Change Scale (GRCS).

Results
Compared with the control group, the EMG-BF group demonstrated a significant change in shoulder flexion strength and patient satisfaction from baseline to 6 weeks (post-training) and from baseline to 12-month follow-up (F = 4.671, P = 0.005). There were significant improvements in within groups statistics for ASES score, shoulder flexion strength, shoulder ROM, and NPRS in both groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results demonstrate that deltoid focused structured rehabilitation program combined with EMG-BF can be used to increase shoulder flexion strength and patient satisfaction in conservative treatment of massive RC tear.
Longitudinal Cadaver-Based Training Curriculum for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound-Guided Procedures Among Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Residents
Authors: Swenson Theodora L. , Roehmer Christian , Tran Richard T. , Schaaf Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Musculoskeletal ultrasound has become a fundamental diagnostic and treatment tool in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R). However, there is no standardized curriculum for teaching and practicing musculoskeletal ultrasound during PM&R residency. The objective of this study is to describe a longitudinal curriculum using unembalmed fresh frozen cadavers to teach PM&R residents ultrasound-guided procedures. This protocol can help guide residents to begin learning how to independently identify important musculoskeletal structures and perform some of the most common musculoskeletal procedures relevant to clinical practice. Residents performed a procedure on average 6.99 times per block, and residents’ self-reported confidence in various aspects of ultrasound practice significantly improved after this curriculum (P < 0.005). Hence, a cadaver-based training curriculum may be a worthwhile tool for preparing PM&R residents to perform musculoskeletal ultrasound-guided procedures in the clinical setting.
Quantitative MRI for Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disease
Authors: Eck Brendan L. , Yang Mingrui , Elias John J. , Winalski Carl S. , Altahawi Faysal , Subhas Naveen , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for evaluating musculoskeletal disease as it offers a range of image contrasts that are sensitive to underlying tissue biochemical composition and microstructure. Although MRI has the ability to provide high-resolution, information-rich images suitable for musculoskeletal applications, most MRI utilization remains in qualitative evaluation. Quantitative MRI (qMRI) provides additional value beyond qualitative assessment via objective metrics that can support disease characterization, disease progression monitoring, or therapy response. In this review, musculoskeletal qMRI techniques are summarized with a focus on techniques developed for osteoarthritis evaluation. Cartilage compositional MRI methods are described with a detailed discussion on relaxometric mapping (T2, T2*, T1ρ) without contrast agents. Methods to assess inflammation are described, including perfusion imaging, volume and signal changes, contrast-enhanced T1 mapping, and semiquantitative scoring systems. Quantitative characterization of structure and function by bone shape modeling and joint kinematics are described. Muscle evaluation by qMRI is discussed, including size (area, volume), relaxometric mapping (T1, T2, T1ρ), fat fraction quantification, diffusion imaging, and metabolic assessment by 31P-MR and creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer. Other notable technologies to support qMRI in musculoskeletal evaluation are described, including magnetic resonance fingerprinting, ultrashort echo time imaging, ultrahigh-field MRI, and hybrid MRI-positron emission tomography. Challenges for adopting and using qMRI in musculoskeletal evaluation are discussed, including the need for metal artifact suppression and qMRI standardization.
Persistent Cranial Defects After Endoscopic Sagittal Synostosis Surgery
Authors: Wu Robin T. , Menard Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Incomplete cranial ossification is a rare complication of calvarial-vault remodeling for sagittal synostosis often requiring reoperation. Studies show an incidence ranging from 0.5% to 18%.

Methods:
Infants with sagittal synostosis who underwent endoscopic sagittal synostectomy and barrel stave osteotomies with postoperative orthotic helmeting between 2003 and 2021 were included with minimum follow-up until the completion of helmeting.

Results:
Of 90 patients, 86 met inclusion; 3 had defects (3.5%). Patients with and without cranial defects had no difference in age of surgery (113 versus 131 d), duration helmeting (6.6 versus 7.0 mo), or perioperative/postoperative complications. Two underwent reoperation for recurrence. Patients with cranial defects manifested the evidence of developmental concerns more than patients without (100% versus 16.9%).
The average cranial defect size was 19.33 cm2 and age at surgery 4.29 years. All were managed with cranial particulate bone grafting with addition of bone matrix and SonicWeld plate. The first had 6×6 cm posterior defect requiring cranioplasty at 4.86 years with excellent healing. The second had a 3×6 cm posterior and 1×1 cm anterior defect, underwent cranioplasty at 4.14 years with persistent 4×6 defect, requiring repeat cranioplasty at 5.3 years. The third had a 3×5 cm posterior defect and underwent cranioplasty at 3.88 years with continued defect, planning for repeat intervention.

Conclusions:
This is the largest documented series of reoperations for incomplete ossification after endoscopic sagittal synostectomy with postoperative helmet treatment. The authors report a 3.5% rate of cranial defects, managed with bone grafting, bone matrix, and absorbable plates. Patients with poor ossification may have a propensity toward developmental concerns.
Tests to uncover and assess breathlessness: a proposed framework
Authors: Ekström Magnus 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Review
Breathlessness is a common, distressing, and limiting symptom that many people avoid by reducing their activity. This review discusses exertional tests that can be used for uncovering and assessing breathlessness depending on the person's severity of illness, function, the setting, and aim of the assessment.

Recent Findings
Standardized exertional tests are useful to uncover ‘hidden’ breathlessness earlier in people who may have adapted their physical activity to limit their breathing discomfort. In ‘more fit’ ambulatory people and outpatients, cardiopulmonary exercise testing is the gold standard for assessing symptom severity, underlying conditions, and mechanisms and treatment effects. Among field tests, the 6-min walk test is not useful for assessing breathlessness. Instead, the 3-min step test and walk test are validated for measuring breathlessness change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In people with more severe illness (who are most often not breathless at rest), reported tests include upper limb exercise or counting numbers aloud, but a valid and useful test for this population is lacking.

Summary
A framework for selecting the most appropriate test to assess breathlessness validly is proposed, and research needs are identified.