bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field evaluation of spray drift and nontargeted soybean injury from unmanned aerial spraying system herbicide application under acceptable operation conditions
Authors: Huang Zhan , Wang Changling , Li Yangfan , Zhang Hao , Zeng Aijun , He Xiongkui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDroplets of plant production products sprayed from unmanned aerial spraying system (UASS) applications are prone to drift, threatening nontarget crops, humans, and environment. There are few studies that have investigated plant bioassay of UASS spray drift, and even fewer when it comes to herbicide application. This work reports a combined field‐scale evaluation of spray drift and plant bioassay for a rice herbicide florpyrauxifen‐benzyl application using a six‐rotor motor UASS under acceptable operating conditions. An artificial rice canopy was built to simulate a practical field application scenario and the soybean was applied to assess the nontargeted crop injury. The effects of nozzle type (droplet size), flight height, and adjuvant on spray deposition, sedimenting drift, airborne drift, and soybean injury were studied to explore the feasibility of UASS herbicide application.ResultsUnder an average wind speed of 1.2–1.5 m s−1, reduced flight height, increased droplet size, and adding nonionic surfactant resulted in greater deposition, lower drift, and less injury to soybean. Increasing droplet size by changing the nozzle was more effective compared with adding adjuvant and reducing the flight height, which offers greater flexibility and can accomplish better spray performance. The correlations between sedimenting drift and soybean injury percentage were highly significant (P < 0.01, r > 0.96). The calculated buffer distances of 7.7–18.9 m were to varying degrees less than the soybean safety distances of 10.0–20.0 m.ConclusionThe results of this study provide a reference basis for determining optimum working parameters and establishing buffer zones for the rice herbicide application of UASS. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Model‐based quality consistency analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor cogging torque in wide temperature range
Authors: Chen Cen , Sun Chengzhi , Wu Liqin , Ye Xuerong , Zhai Guofu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPermanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have a scale of applications linking to the industrial machines. As these machines often work in a wide temperature range, the PMSM quality consistency is threatened by the temperature fluctuate. In fact, at the start of the production of the PMSMs, the quality consistency distribution already exist due to the manufacturing dispersion. However, traditional experiment‐based consistency analysis method is inadequate for the PMSM, due to its inevitable destructive measurement for the magnetic properties. To deal with the problem, this paper proposed a model‐based quality consistency analysis method. In this paper, mechanism analysis of the temperature influence on PMSMs is carried out by the finite element analysis and the digital modeling method, so that the impact of dispersion can be depicted by model rather than destructive measurement. The relationship between the temperature and PMSM cogging torque as well as other features is quantitatively revealed. To obtain the NdFeB temperature coefficient, magnetic samples were prepared and measured. Then, the temperature characteristics of the sensitive components of PMSM are established, and the PMSM temperature characteristics can be simulated by integrating temperature coefficients into the PMSM digital model. The qualitative and quantitative temperature characteristics of cogging torque are verified by experiments with a batch of PMSMs.
Analysis of Chrysopogon zizanioides used as floating treatment wetlands in the removal of heavy metals present in leachate
Authors: Alberto Álvarez‐Ascencio , Sugey López‐Martínez , Ana R. Rodríguez‐Luna , Eduardo S. López‐Hernández , Carlos M. Morales‐Bautista , Emanuel Hernández‐Núñez 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Chrysopogon zizanioides using the floating wetland treatment (FWT) technique in the removal of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Hg from three different concentrations of landfill leachate (100% crude leachate [L100], 75% leachate + 25% tap water [L75], and 50% leachate + 50% tap water [L50]) for a period of 60 days. The concentration of heavy metals in leachate and C. zizanioides was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results show that heavy metal concentrations decrease significantly (p < 0.05) in vegetation treatments. Removal efficiency was higher in the L100 leachate with 100%, 58.1%, 33.4%, 67.8%, 58.3%, 29.4%, 69.2%, and 67.2% for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn, respectively. This study demonstrates the efficiency of removing heavy metals from landfill leachate using the FWT technique.
Integrative learning of structuredhigh‐dimensionaldata from multiple datasets
Authors: Chang Changgee , Dai Zongyu , Oh Jihwan , Long Qi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntegrative learning of multiple datasets has the potential to mitigate the challenge of small and large that is often encountered in analysis of big biomedical data such as genomics data. Detection of weak yet important signals can be enhanced by jointly selecting features for all datasets. However, the set of important features may not always be the same across all datasets. Although some existing integrative learning methods allow heterogeneous sparsity structure where a subset of datasets can have zero coefficients for some selected features, they tend to yield reduced efficiency, reinstating the problem of losing weak important signals. We propose a new integrative learning approach which can not only aggregate important signals well in homogeneous sparsity structure, but also substantially alleviate the problem of losing weak important signals in heterogeneous sparsity structure. Our approach exploits a priori known graphical structure of features and encourages joint selection of features that are connected in the graph. Integrating such prior information over multiple datasets enhances the power, while also accounting for the heterogeneity across datasets. Theoretical properties of the proposed method are investigated. We also demonstrate the limitations of existing approaches and the superiority of our method using a simulation study and analysis of gene expression data from ADNI.
Working Conditions and Retirement Preferences: The Role of Health and Subjective Age as Mediating Variables in the Association of Poor Job Quality with Early Retirement
Authors: Steiber Nadia , Haas Barbara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a theoretical model that links working conditions with men’s and women’s retirement preferences via their physical and psychological health and their subjective age and longevity expectations. The model is based on the assumption that ‘subjective age’ is a central variable in retirement decisions that mediates the relationship between working conditions and individuals’ preferred retirement timing. The theoretical model is tested using survey data from a representative sample of older workers in Austria. Based on findings from multivariate regression analyses, we conclude that improved working conditions – directly and via improved health and feelings of youthfulness – can help delaying the timing of labour market exit. Improvements in working conditions would help to extend working life, because workers who enjoy ‘good working conditions’ tend to feel healthier and younger and would be willing to work until a higher age. Job attributes that help workers to maintain a sense of youthfulness and encourage them to stay part of the active work force until a higher age include high intrinsic job quality (e.g. learning and development opportunities at work, task variety) and employee-led time flexibility. Older workers in ‘bad jobs’ that involve physical work strain and time pressure tend to feel older and to prefer an earlier retirement.
W ±Z production at NNLO QCD and NLO EW matched to parton showers with MiNNLOPS
Authors: Lindert Jonas M. , Lombardi Daniele , Wiesemann Marius , Zanderighi Giulia , Zanoli Silvia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider W±Z production in hadronic collisions and present high-precision predictions in QCD and electroweak (EW) perturbation theory matched to parton showers. To this end, we match next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to parton showers using the MiNNLOPS method and consistently combine them with next-to-leading order EW corrections matched to parton showers. This is the first time such accuracy in the event generation is achieved for any collider process, and we study in detail the impact of different choices in the combination of QCD and EW corrections as well as QCD and QED showers. Spin correlations, interferences and off-shell effects are retained by considering the full leptonic processes $$ pp\to {\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-}{\ell}^{\prime \pm }{\nu}_{\ell}^{\prime } $$
pp
→

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

ℓ

′
±

ν
ℓ
′

with ℓ′ ≠ ℓ and ℓ′ = ℓ without approximations, and the matching to QED radiation is performed preserving the resonance structure of the process. We find that NNLO QCD predictions including QCD and QED shower effects provide a very good approximation in the bulk-region of the phase space, while EW effects become increasingly important in the high-energy tails of kinematic distributions. Our default predictions are in excellent agreement with recent ATLAS data.
Might artificial intelligence become part of the person, and what are the key ethical and legal implications?
Authors: Bublitz Jan Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores and ultimately affirms the surprising claim that artificial intelligence (AI) can become part of the person, in a robust sense, and examines three ethical and legal implications. The argument is based on a rich, legally inspired conception of persons as free and independent rightholders and objects of heightened protection, but it is construed so broadly that it should also apply to mainstream philosophical conceptions of personhood. The claim is exemplified by a specific technology, devices that connect human brains with computers and operate by AI-algorithms. Under philosophically reasonable and empirically realistic conditions, these devices and the AI running them become parts of the person, in the same way as arms, hearts, or mental capacities are. This transformation shall be called empersonification. It has normative and especially legal consequences because people have broader and stronger duties regarding other persons (and parts of them) than regarding things. Three consequences with practical implications are: (i) AI-devices cease to exist as independent legal entities and come to enjoy the special legal protection of persons; (ii) therefore, third parties such as manufacturers or authors of software lose (intellectual) property rights in device and software; (iii) persons become responsible for the outputs of the empersonified AI-devices to the same degree that they are for desires or intentions arising from the depths of their unconscious. More generally, empersonification marks a new step in the long history of human–machine interaction that deserves critical ethical reflection and calls for a stronger value-aligned development of these technologies.
Post-stall flow control with upstream flags
Authors: Zhang Z. , Wang Z. , Gursul I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe post-stall flow control using compliant flags of varying thickness and length, placed upstream a NACA0012 airfoil, was shown to be possible at an airfoil chord Reynolds number of 100,000. The flag wakes produced substantial increase in the stall angle and the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil placed at optimal cross-stream locations from the wake centerline. Oscillating flags could generate periodic wakes with better spanwise coherence than the stationary bluff body. This resulted in the excitation, formation and shedding of the leading-edge vortices periodically, providing mean lift enhancement. There is an optimal range of the flag mass ratio for which the flag frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the vortex shedding instability or its subharmonic of the baseline airfoil wake. The flag dimensionless frequency is a function of the mass ratio only, which can be predicted by a reduced order model in the limit of very large mass ratio and by using the modified free-streamline theory for the separated flow. There is also an optimal range of the flag dimensionless frequency.
Graphical abstract
Frequency and associated symptoms of isthmoceles in women 6 months after caesarean section: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gozzi P. , Hees K. A. , Berg C. , David M. , Wernecke K.-D. , Hellmeyer L. , Schlembach D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of detection of isthmoceles by ultrasound 6 months after caesarean section (CS) and which symptoms associated with isthmocele formation occur after CS. Subsequently, it was determined how often the ultrasound finding “isthmocele” coincided with the presence of complaints.

Methods
A prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted with 546 patients from four obstetric centres in Berlin, who gave birth by primary or secondary CS from October 2019 to June 2020. 461 participants were questioned on symptoms 3 months after CS; 329 participants were included in the final follow-up 6 months after CS. The presence of isthmoceles was determined by transvaginal sonography (TVS) 6 months after CS, while symptoms were identified by questionnaire.

Results
Of the 329 women, 146 (44.4%) displayed an isthmocele in the TVS. There was no statistically significant difference in the manifestation of symptoms between the two groups of women with and without isthmocele; however, when expressed on a scale from 1 to 10 the intensity of both scar pain and lower abdominal pain was significantly higher in the set of women that had shown to have developed an isthmocele (p = 0.014 and p = 0.031, respectively).

Conclusion
The prevalence of isthmoceles 6 months after CS was 44.4%. Additionally, scar pain and lower abdominal pain were more pronounced when an isthmocele was also observed in the TVS.

Trial registration
Trial registration number DRKS00024977. Date of registration 17.06.2021, retrospectively registered.
Lack of evidence for effects of lockdowns on stillbirth rates during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Bavaria: analysis of the Bavarian perinatal survey from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Stumpfe Florian Matthias , Schneider Michael Oliver , Antoniadis Sophia , Mayr Andreas , Fleckenstein Tobias , Staerk Christian , Kehl Sven , Hermanek Peter , Böhm Julian , Scharl Anton , Beckmann Matthias Wilhelm , Hein Alexander 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Internationally, potential effects of national SARS-CoV-2-related lockdowns on stillbirth rates have been reported, but data for Germany, including risk factors for fetal pregnancy outcome, are lacking. The aim of this study is to compare the stillbirth rates during the two first lockdown periods in 2020 with previous years from 2010 to 2019 in a large Bavarian cohort.

Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of the Bavarian perinatal data from 2010 to 2020, including 349,245 births. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to investigate the effect of two Bavarian lockdowns on the stillbirth rate in 2020 compared to the corresponding periods from 2010 to 2019.

Results
During the first lockdown, the stillbirth rate was significantly higher compared to the reference period (4.04 vs. 3.03 stillbirths per 1000 births; P = 0.03). After adjustment for seasonal and long-term trends, this effect can no longer be observed (P = 0.2). During the second lockdown, the stillbirth rate did not differ in univariate (3.46 vs. 2.93 stillbirths per 1000 births; P = 0.22) as well as in multivariable analyses (P = 0.68), compared to the years 2010 to 2019.

Conclusion
After adjustment for known long-term effects, in this study we did not find evidence that the two Bavarian lockdowns had an effect on the rate of stillbirths.
Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Behaviour of Rock Joints During Normal and Shear Loading
Authors: Pirzada M. A. , Bahaaddini M. , Andersen M. S. , Roshan H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe hydraulic conductivity of rock joints is an important parameter controlling fluid flow in various rock engineering applications. The shearing and normal loading have significant effects on hydraulic conductivity of rock joints, the property of which is mainly controlled by hydraulic aperture. Despite the importance of hydro-mechanical behaviour of rock joints, the fundamental micro-scale processes leading to macro-scale observations remain unexplored partly due to difficulties with in situ measurement of hydraulic aperture and its complex relation to roughness and contact area. Therefore, in this study, a series of experiments coupling fluid flow with normal deformability and direct shear are performed on joints with varying controlled roughness at different normal stresses. Along with measuring stress and flow rate, the time-lapse X-ray micro-computed tomography is carried out to explore the evolution of joint aperture and contact area during the experiments. The results of the normal deformability experiments show that the joint conductivity is well correlated to the mean hydraulic aperture of joint profiles. Such correlation, however, is not apparent for the shearing experiment where under high normal stresses, the flow rate decreases continually indicating that damaged asperities hinder the fluid flow. Despite the trend in the average mechanical aperture not following the flow rate in some cases, the trend in the contact area follows the flow rate very closely throughout the shearing process. In addition, the results reveal that despite an increase in contact area with increase in normal stress, it is not physically possible to reach full contact even for the artificially well-mated samples at a high normal stress of 10 MPa. Finally, a new correlation is proposed to relate the hydraulic aperture to joint average mechanical aperture, contact area and roughness. The correlation estimates the experimental flow rates at both normal and shear loading conditions with good accuracy.
And the first runner-up is...: comparing winner selection procedures in multi-winner Tullock contests
Authors: Chowdhury Subhasish M. , Mukherjee Anwesha , Turocy Theodore L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe characterise the strategic equivalence among k-winner contests using simultaneous and sequential winner selection. We test this prediction of strategic equivalence using a series of laboratory experiments, contrasting 1-winner contests with 2-winner contests, varying in the latter whether the outcome is revealed sequentially or in a single stage. We find that in the long run, average bidding levels are similar across strategically-equivalent contests. However, adaptation in 2-winner contests is slower and less systematic, which is consistent with the property that simultaneous winner selection results in outcomes that are more random than in the 1-winner case.
Functional extinction of a genus of canopy-forming macroalgae (Cystophora spp.) across Western Australia
Authors: Pessarrodona Albert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeclines of canopy-forming macroalgae in response to a variety of anthropogenic stressors are increasingly prevalent in temperate latitudes, with most research efforts focusing on kelp forests. In contrast, comparatively little is known about marine forests formed by fucoid macroalgae, despite them being more diverse and globally widespread. Here, I examine the biogeography of the second-largest genus of fucoids globally (Cystophora), which is endemic to Australasia. To do so, I use a combination of field surveys, records from the literature, anecdotal evidence, and herbaria collections spanning a period of > 150 years. Despite the sampling effort quadrupling in contemporary times, most historically common species were found to be absent or exceedingly rare across their rear (warm) range edge, suggesting their functional extinction. Three species experienced apparent functional contractions across > 250 km of coastline, with some losing approximately 8% of their global distribution. These losses are among the largest reported for any forest-forming species in the Australian continent. Reasons for Cystophora spp. decline are unknown, but likely involve gradual warming, marine heatwaves, and rapid urbanization. Increasing human impacts and further warming in the region threaten several species with further extirpation, some of which are endemic to the area and play unique ecological roles.
Bacteriophage therapy as an alternative technique for treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria causing diabetic foot infection
Authors: Ghanaim Amira Mohamed , Foaad Mohammed Abdulaziz , Gomaa Eman Zakaria , Dougdoug Khalid Abdelfatah El , Mohamed Gamal Eldidamony , Arisha Ahmed Hamed , Khamis Tarek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) represented the most feared diabetic complication that caused the hospitalization of the diabetic patient. DFU was usually characterized with delayed healing as the diabetic neuropathy, angiopathy, and ulcer concomitant infections, among them, are multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that emphasized the clinical importance for developing new therapeutic strategy with safe and effective alternatives for the antibiotics to overcome DFU-MDR bacterial infection. Bacteriophage therapy was considered a novel approach to eradicate the MDR, but its role in the polymicrobial infection of the DFU remains elusive. Thus, the current work was designed to investigate the effect of the topical application of the phage cocktail on the healing of the diabetic wound infected with clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella variicola, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis. Bacterial isolation was performed from clinical hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases of DFU, identified morphologically, biochemically, molecularly via 16 s rRNA sequencing, and typed for the antibiotic resistance pattern. Moreover, phages were isolated from the aforementioned clinical isolates and identified with electron microscope. Forty-five adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned in 3 groups (15 rats each), namely, the diabetic infected wound group, diabetic infected wound ceftriaxone-treated group, and the diabetic infected wound phage cocktail-treated group. The results revealed that phage cocktail had a superior effect over the ceftriaxone in wound healing parameters (wound size, wound index, wound bacterial load, and mRNA expression); wound healing markers (Cola1a, Fn1, MMP9, PCNA, and TGF-β); inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-κβ, IL-1β, IL-8, and MCP-1); anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and IL-4); and diabetic wound collagen deposition; and also the histomorphic picture of the diabetic infected wound. Based on the current findings, it could be speculated that phage therapy could be considered a novel antibiotic substitute in the DFU with MDR-polymicrobial infection therapeutic strategies.