bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unplanned Pregnancy in women with mental disorder
Authors: Roca Lecumberri A. , Gelabert E. , Torres Giménez A. , Solé E. , Andrés-Perpiñá S. , Roda E. , Lopez C. , Naranjo C. , Garcia-Esteve L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFew studies have investigated the level of planning of pregnancy among women with mental disorder and associated risk factors.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the associated factors to UP and psychopathological consequences.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted at the Perinatal Mental Health Unit of the Hospital Clínic in Barcelona. The total sample comprised 675 consecutive pregnant women with diagnosis of mental disorder (DSM-IV criteria), seen between January 2006 and December 2018. Clinical, psychometric and socio-demographic variables were collected at the first visit. Pregnancy planning was assessed by a question “Was this pregnancy planned?” with three possible answers: 1) Yes, it was planned and has been well received; 2) No, it was not planned but it has been well received; and 3) No, it was an accident. Response 1 was coded as “planned pregnancy” and responses 2 and 3 as “Unplanned Pregnancy”.Results38.4% of the sample had an UP. Younger age, lower levels of education, Latin-American population, multiparity, financials problems and poor relationship with the partner were associated with UP in women with mental disorder. The mean EPDS and STAI scores and the presence of self-harming thoughts were significantly higher in women with UP.ConclusionsUP was associated with more depressive and anxious symptoms and more self-harming thoughts. It is necessary to promote reproductive health care for women with mental disorders and to take into account their reproductive life plan, especially in those with risk factors described.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Non-pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders in a nationwide population
Authors: Elkrog S. , Ernst M. , Rasmussen L. , Wesselhoeft R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNon-pharmacological treatment like psychotherapy is associated with less side effects than pharmacological treatment and is often considered first-line treatment towards psychiatric disorders. The extent and variation of psychotherapy treatment offered in Danish psychiatric clinics over time has not previously been studied.ObjectivesTo examine the nationwide use of psychotherapy treatment during 2001-2020 in individuals assigned with a psychiatric disorder diagnosis at Danish psychiatric clinics.MethodsAll Danish individuals aged ≥ 3 years, who were registered with 1) a psychiatric disorder diagnosis (F10-F99) or 2) had a first psychotherapy treatment during the study period 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2020, were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry.ResultsA total of 120,916 (27 %) study participants received psychotherapy treatment during the study period, most commonly individual psychotherapy (65 %) followed by group therapy (25 %). Adults (≥18 years) were more likely to receive therapy (34 %) than children and adolescents aged 3-17 years (15 %). The proportion of treated patients was highest among women (67 %) compared with men (33 %). The median age at first psychotherapy was 25 years (ranging from 19 to 33). 59 % of patients receiving psychotherapy had filled a psychotropic prescription within one year prior to therapy onset, particularly antidepressants (44 %) and antipsychotics (22 %).ConclusionsThe use of psychotherapy for treatment of psychiatric disorders is limited among Danish patients, although national clinical guidelines recommend it as first-line treatment of common conditions such as depressive, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Streptococcal infections, autoimmunity, and innate immune system in adult ADHD: A preliminary study
Authors: Di Girolamo G. , Peracchia S. , Boero M. , Bracco I.F. , Oliva F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHigh rate of streptococcus-like infections and related titers has been found in adult ADHD patients. No studies have expressively investigated innate immune system in ADHD patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between streptococcal infections, autoimmunity and innate immune system in adult ADHD patients.MethodsThe study sample consisted of adult DSM-5 ADHD outpatients referring to the adult ADHD center of “San Luigi Gonzaga” University Hospital and non-clinical adult controls recruited among general population (screened using Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale - ASRS-v.1). All titers were determined in patients’ plasma by specific microwell ELISA kits, whereas genetic polymorphisms were determined by PCR methodology. We compared anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers of patients with those of controls. Data about history of previous streptococcus/ streptococcus-like infections were collected by ad-hoc form. Furthermore, to investigate the susceptibility to Gram+-borne infections of adult ADHD patients, due to innate immune system impairment, we also evaluated the polymorphism of Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9.ResultsAlthough ADHD patients did not show higher rate of both previous infections (52.7% vs. 66.7%, p=.678) and ASO titers (18.2% vs. 0.0%, p=.577), they had really higher levels of anti-DNase B (85.5% vs. 16.7%, p=.001) and ABGA titers (78.2% vs. 33.3%, p=.036). Genetic analysis did not underline differences in polymorphism compared to general population (GENOME browser).ConclusionsThe high association between previous streptococcal infections, basal ganglia autoimmunity among ADHD patients was confirmed. TLR polymorphism does not seem to be involved in this type of vulnerability.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Attitude towards death in family members of adolescents who applied to the crisis care room of a child psychiatric clinic due to suicidal thoughts
Authors: Bebchuk M. , Dovbysh D. , Timoshenko S. , Talmach M. , Zhorina Y. , Diachenko A. , Rabadanova R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe study of ideas about death and the mechanisms of their formation in adolescents with suicidal behavior is an important task for both diagnosis and psychotherapy. The parents’ notions of death, and the prohibition on discussing the topic of death in the family, can significantly distort the adolescent’s relationship with death.ObjectivesInvestigate differences in attitudes towards death in parents and adolescents who apply to the crisis care room of a child psychiatric clinic.MethodsThe study involved 90 adolescents with their parents who applied to the crisis outpatient care system. The following questionnaires were offered: Death Attitude Profile-Revised, Death Anxiety Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, GAD-7.ResultsSignificant differences were found for most of the scales in the samples of adults and adolescents, of particular interest to us were the scales “death avoidance” (W=317,500,z=3,089,p=0,002) and “perception of family support» (W=288,500,z=3,393,p=0,001). For the group of adolescents, there are higher indicators on the scales of anxiety (W=61,000,z=-2,546,p=0,011), anxiety in close relationships (W=83,000,z=-2,549,p=0,011), avoidance of close relationships (W=28,000,z=-3,870,p=0,000), and death as a means of escape (W=54,500,z=-3,076,p=0,002).ConclusionsIn families of adolescents with suicidal behavior, the severity of dysfunctional patterns of building close relationships and the presence of sharply opposite positions in relation to death in children and parents are observed without the possibility of discussing this topic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary school teachers in Sfax, Tunisia : anxiety disorders
Authors: Regaieg N. , Zouari L. , Mejdoub Y. , Omri S. , Gassara I. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Maalej M. , Ben Thabet J. , Charfi N. , Maalej M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic time, teachers have to adapt to many changes that could potentially make them more vulnerable to psychological distress.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and the factors for anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic among the high school teachers in Sfax, Tunisia.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, for descriptive and analytical purposes, conducted on google drive in May 2021.We involved 97 junior and secondary school teachers from Sfax, Tunisia, practicing in public high schools. Anxiety was assessed by using Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool (GAD-7).ResultsThe average age of the participants was 44.23 years old with a sex-ratio (M/F) of 0.32. Since the advent of COVID-19, 54.2% had presented sleep disturbances while 10.4% had suicidal thoughts. Among all participants, 77.8% were afraid of the virus transmission within the classroom or the school and 81.3% reported regular mask wear at work. The median score on the GAD-7 was 6.5 (Q1=3, Q3=11). Scores’ distribution indicated that 68% of the participants had no to mild symptoms of anxiety while 32% had moderate to severe anxiety. Furthermore, the presence of anxiety was associated to the female gender (p=0.01), sleep disturbances (p<0.001), suicidal thoughts (p=0.006), and to the conviction that wearing masks blocks the transmission of voice, information or emotions between teacher and student (p=0.025).ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 outbreak, high school teachers in Sfax, Tunisia have high levels of anxiety.This can lead to a decreased effectiveness of their complex work.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of Covid-19 on the well-being of young people with conduct disorder and their families
Authors: Bull M. , Livanou M. , Ball R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe Covid-19 pandemic has significantly changed family dynamics and parents experience greater psychological distress. Conduct problems in young people have increased by 35%. However, it is not known how Covid-19 associated stresses have affected parenting practice, conduct problems, and comorbidities and what additional support is needed for families at risk.ObjectivesThis study uses self-report measures and semi-structured interviews to examine and explore the impact of Covid-19 on the families of young people with conduct problems and comorbid mental health conditions.MethodsThis is a sequential mixed-methods study. Eligible families with children aged between 11-18 years have participated. One-hundred-and-eighty-two families have completed eight online questionnaires and 12 have participated in semi-structured follow-up interviews.ResultsAnalyses indicate that parental harshness, warmth, educational background, and employment have a significant impact on Covid-19 exposure and worries, as well as significantly higher scores of conduct disorder symptoms. Interview codes reveal that young peoples’ behaviour became more severe during the pandemic, and this was associated with reduced in-person support services, reduced personal space at home, and parents taking on the additional role of educator.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that Covid-19 is a significant risk factor to young people with conduct problems and their families. For example, reduced parental warmth and increased parental harshness increased conduct problems for young people during the lockdown. This study highlights that policies and services should work to better support such families. Future online psychosocial interventions are needed to empower families and improve parenting practice at home during the lockdown period and in general.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mental disorders due to Covid-19 in the Turkish population
Authors: Mykhaylov B. , Kudinova O. , Kavak E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic grabs attention to the study and solution of this global problem around the world.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to link the level of anxiety and fear that emerged in Turkey during the epidemic.MethodsA survey was conducted, which contains 10 questions. 433 people took part, 5-
15 - 18 (1.2%), 168 - 19 - 29 years (38.8%), 202 - 30 - 39 (46.7%), 47 - 40-49 (10, 9%) 11 from 50 years (2.5%).ResultsMen with panic attack criteria - 11.3% (11 people), women - 9.8% (35 people). Symptoms of GTR were found in 31% (25) men and 18% (66) women. 328 participants - university graduates: 29% believe that the information of the Ministry of Health is correct. No significant difference between the percentages of compliance with the criteria for diagnosing panic attacks and anxiety was found depending on educational status. 8.3% of participants, 36 people, were diagnosed with Covid. The share of those who did not have a code, but thought they had, is 42%, and among those who had a code (before the disease) - 72%. There is a direct relationship between the level of education and personal protection against epidemics.ConclusionsFrom a community mental health perspective, it is important that all covid-positive patients receive psychiatric support, whether or not they meet the DSM-V and ISD 10 diagnostic criteria.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Parallel latent trajectories of mental health and employment earnings among 16- to 20-year-olds entering the US labor force: A 20-year longitudinal study
Authors: Dobson K. , Vigod S. , Mustard C. , Smith P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDepression and anxiety-related mental health and employment earnings are complexly intertwined but have rarely been studied as parallel processes.ObjectivesDetermine the number of latent parallel trajectories of mental health and employment earnings over two decades among a cohort of American youth entering the labor force, and estimate the association between baseline sociodemographic/health factors and latent trajectory class membership.MethodsThis study included 8,173 participants from the American National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, who were 13–17 years old in 1997. The survey occurred annually until 2011 then biennially until 2017. Mental health was measured eight times using the Mental Health Inventory-5 between 2000–2017. Employment earnings were measured annually between 1998–2017, where participants were 33–37 years old. Latent parallel trajectories were estimated using latent growth modeling. The association between baseline predictors and trajectory membership was explored using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsFour latent trajectory classes were identified: good mental health, high earnings (3% of sample, average 2017 earnings ˜$196,000 USD); good mental health, medium earnings (23%, average 2017 earnings ˜$78,100); good mental health, low earnings (50%, average 2017 earnings ˜$39,500); and poor mental, low earnings (24%, average 2017 earnings ˜$32,000). Multinomial models revealed participants who were younger, female, Black, Hispanic, who had lower socioeconomic status, and had used marijuana at baseline had higher odds of belonging to the poor mental health, low earnings class.ConclusionsFindings highlight the stagnated, parallel course of poor mental health and earnings, and the influence of gender, race, adolescent socioeconomic status, and health behaviors on these trajectories.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The role of academic factors on the development of mental illness stigma
Authors: Brahmi L. , Amemou B. , Adouni A. , Mhalla A. , Gaha L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionStigma and discrimination can disrupt the lives of individuals with a mental illness, preventing their opportunities to become productive citizens. These Individuals must also face either an avoidant attitude by healthcare professionals or prejudices about their adherence to medications and the psychological nature of their physical symptoms.ObjectivesAssess stigma in terms of explicit and implicit attitudes among medical school students and junior doctors. Evaluate academic factors and interfering with these attitudes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among students from medical schools in Tunisia.All participants were invited to complete a brief anonymous electronic survey administered on the google forms online platform.Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, Stigma Measurement, Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA).ResultsThe sample consisted of 1028 respondents. The respondents’ mean age was 24.54 years (SD=3.7). Post-clinical students scored higher than pre-clinical students in questions 2, 6, and 12 on the rating scale. A positive significant relationship was identified with specialization in psychiatry. Residents who were specialized in family medicine, emergency, and intensive care had a higher stigma level compared to other residents (Mean score>0.51). The completion of a psychiatry clerkship did not significantly reduce the level of stigma toward people with a mental illness ( p=0.8).ConclusionsA combination of medical school experiences of psychiatry’s theoretical learning and clerkship are important factors that shape students. Awareness of this will enable educators to develop locally relevant anti-stigma teaching resources throughout the psychiatry curriculum to improve students’ attitudes towards psychiatry as a discipline and mental illness in general.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Clozapine induced oesophagitis: A case report
Authors: Herch N. , Lansari R. , Larnaout A. , Achref D. , Melki W. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere are several case reports describing clozapine side effects such as agranulocytosis, constipation,tachycardia but rarely cases describing oesophagitis caused by clozapine were reported.ObjectivesTo report the first case in our country about clozapine induced oesophagitis.MethodsWe describe a case in which a patient who has no gastrointestinal past history,has developed an oesophagitis stage 2 of Savary and Miller Classification without any gastroesophageal reflux disease, few weeks after introducing clozapine at therapeutic dose.ResultsA 25 years old male patient with resistant schizophrenia managed with clozapine,was admitted to reinitiate his treatment after weeks of stopping his medication.During hospitalization, our patient developed a sudden haematemesis in 10 days after commencement of clozapine. The patient had no history of gastrointestinal symptoms or disease. The clinical examination and blood tests did not find any signs of bleeding severity.A gastroscopy was performed, revealing esophagitis stage 2 of Savary and Miller classification and a cardiac polyp removed with biopsy forceps that showed no malignant lesions .The patient was treated with acid suppressant therapy.There was no further episode of haematemesis and our patient healed uneventfully within a week.As for clozapine, it wasn’t interrupted and we continued increasing doses very carefully with no further incident.ConclusionsAlthough it is a rare side effect, oesophagitis may appear at therapeutic doses of clozapine, and this possibility should be taken into account when treating patients with resistant psychiatric disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotropic drugs cross-reactivity with amphetamines in a FAERS sample: an international pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Giacovelli L. , Battini V. , Boscacci M. , Carnovale C. , Dell’Osso B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionUrine Drug Screening (USD) is one of the most used techniques for drug testing. However, one of the main issues related to USD is the high frequency of cross-reactivity with other molecules. Amphetamines, because of their simple structures, are highly subjected to cross-reactivity with other molecules.ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate and characterize the role of psychopharmacological drugs in the occurrence of false-positive amphetamine drug screening, by performing an international pharmacovigilance study through the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), in which user’s medication errors for drugs are reported in the form of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs).MethodsAll ICSRs recorded between 2010 and 2020 with a positive screening for amphetamine reported as adverse reaction in patients with a psychiatric diagnosis were included in the study. Duplicated records and ICSRs with missing values for age and gender, were excluded from the study.ResultsAmong 249 ICSRs involving false-positive amphetamine drug screening, 109 ICSRs reported psychiatric disorders and/or psychiatric drugs. In 83 (76%) cases, drugs were known for cross-react. 66 cases reported drugs known as “suspect”. 24% of cases reported unknown false-positive reactions: acetaminophen (5%), duloxetine (5%) and oxycodone (5%).ConclusionsThe high cross-reactivity of psychotropic drugs with amphetamine testing in USDs may be linked to the neuromodulatory effect of these drugs, suggesting a similar molecular structure. In this perspective, antidepressants and amphetamines share a similar mechanism of action, maybe partially explaining why the most reported cross-reactions are with antidepressant (59%).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Off-label prescribing of antipsychotics: prescribing practices and clinical experiences of Finnish physicians
Authors: Rautio N. , Ylitolonen L. , Haapea M. , Huovinen H. , Alakokkare A.-E. , Niemelä S. , Miettunen J. , Penttilä M. , Koponen H. , Seppälä J. , Isohanni M. , Jääskeläinen E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionOff-label use of antipsychotics has increased in many countries. In adult populations antipsychotics off-label prescriptions varied from 40 to 75% of all AP users.ObjectivesTo examine the off-label prescribing practices and experiences of antipsychotic medication in Finland.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire on physicians’ prescription practices of antipsychotics, especially for off-label use, was sent in 2019 for physicians (n=1195) in different health care facilities including primary health care, occupational health care, in- and outpatient mental health services and services for substance abuse. The sample was selected by systematic and convenience sampling covering five university hospital areas in Finland.ResultsIn total, 216 physicians (18% of the target sample) participated in the study, and 94% had prescribed antipsychotics for off-label use. The most common off-label indications were insomnia and anxiety. The most common antipsychotic used was quetiapine. Off-label antipsychotics was not prescribed as a first-choice medication: 99% of the physicians reported that the patients with off-label use have previously had other medications for the corresponding symptoms. In all, 88% of clinicians monitored the patients’ clinical condition, whereas metabolic values were followed more rarely. About 68% of physicians reported more benefit than harm from the antipsychotics off-label
use.ConclusionsAntipsychotics are often prescribed for off-label use, most commonly for insomnia and anxiety. Most of the physicians see more benefits than harms for the patient in off-label use. There is a need to analyse the long-term benefits and harms of off-label use of antipsychotics and create more detailed treatment algorithms and clinical recommendations for such use.DisclosureNo significant relationships.