bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practicing Peace in Southeast Asia
Authors: Glas Aarie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter accounts for the conflictual peace of Southeast Asia over three sections. First, it introduces the case by surveying the history of conflict and cooperation in the region, highlighting the role of power, norms, and organizations. The second section outlines the existence of a Southeast Asian habitual disposition and draws attention to the relationship between norms and practices within the regional diplomatic community. The third section explores the effects of the region’s habitual disposition in two ways. First, it demonstrates the robustness of these qualities, showing that practitioners not only know these qualities to be self-evident but also know that they work effectively. Second, it explores a crucial case of regional conflict management: the ASEAN response to the 2011 Preah Vihear conflict. The chapter finds that the habitual disposition of Southeast Asia had a pacifying and protracting effect in this conflict while undergirding the wider conflictual peace of the region.
Calling for Explanation
Authors: Baras Dan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This book is the first comprehensive treatment of the idea that some facts call for explanation, an idea that underlies influential debates in metaethics, metaphysics, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of religion. Special attention is given to reliability arguments in philosophy of mathematics and metaethics, and to fine-tuning arguments in philosophy of religion and cosmology. The book clarifies what it might mean to say that a fact calls for explanation, singling out an epistemic sense that is the focus of most of the book, and maps out possible views about which facts call for explanation and what kind of explanation they call for. It then develops a novel way of thinking about calling for explanation. It is argued that calling for explanation is a figurative form of speech without a fixed meaning. This in turn sheds new light on arguments premised on there being a fact that calls for explanation.
A new way of thinking about calling for explanation
Authors: Baras Dan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter proposes a new way of thinking about calling for explanation in light of the preceding arguments. It develops the view that calling for explanation is a figurative form of speech without a fixed meaning. Saying that a fact calls for explanation is like saying that some state of affairs calls for action in that the precise meaning of such claims is significantly dependent on context. This new way of thinking about calling for explanation helps explain the feeling of infelicity of claiming that a fact calls for explanation when the explanation is already known. The chapter ends by returning to the arguments presented in Chapter 1. It is argued that arguments premised on a claim about a fact calling for explanation are imprecise and often misleading.
Introduction
Authors: Schwarz Katarina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the landscape of reparations debates, exploring the role of international law in this discourse. It evaluates critical questions of language relevant to discussion of the case for reparations for transatlantic enslavement, shifting from the dominant framing to engage grassroots and subaltern perspectives. It reviews the contested legal terrain of reparations in this context and introduces the foundational arguments presented in this book.
From the “Transatlantic Slave Trade” to the Maangamizi
Authors: Schwarz Katarina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the injustices to which reparations claims speak—the history of transatlantic enslavement, the widespread system of abuses perpetrated against Africans and people of African descent, and the ongoing legacies of this system in the contemporary world. It engages key points of contention in the reparations debate related to the history of slavery, including the historical ubiquity of enslavement, indigenous African forms of enslavement, and the complicity of African actors in the transatlantic system. It also considers key features of the transatlantic system that may set it apart from other historical cases of slavery—the internationalization and racialization of the maangamizi.
Expanding Understandings of Reparatory Justice through Multiple Modalities of Redress
Authors: Schwarz Katarina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks beyond the dominant focus on compensation to explore the various modalities of reparatory justice in international law and consider the implications of these different forms of redress on fundamental questions of reparability. Taking a broad approach, it examines reparations theory and practice in relation to satisfaction, restitution, compensation, cessation, and guarantees of non-repetition and non-recurrence. It looks in particular to the progressive reparations practice of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which provides an example of how responsive, multimodal reparations awards can be constructed in judicial practice. This provides the basis for reframing debates over whether reparations are appropriate in cases of historical injustice, accounting for the different forms of redress available in international law.
Reparatory Justice in Transition
Authors: Schwarz Katarina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores reparations theory and practice in the context of transitional justice, accounting for the potential for the case for reparations for transatlantic enslavement to be decided through extralegal mechanisms. As the framework in which many reparatory justice programs have been delivered in practice, learning from this context provides important insights for considering reparations for slavery. This chapter examines the nature, objectives, and elements of reparatory justice in transitional justice, identifying similarities and departures from the international legal frameworks. It therefore provides insights into approaches to reparations that may be pursued in responding to transatlantic enslavement and other historic injustices, where legal mechanisms cannot, or do not, operate. It further highlights the relevance of reparatory transitional justice for the international legal system as a whole, in light of the injustices at the root of this system.
Conclusion
Authors: Schwarz Katarina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This concluding chapter maps the case for reparations across the relevant frameworks of international law, highlighting the imperial foundations of international legal thought in relation to transatlantic enslavement. Through this lens, it destabilizes the orthodox position on the legal arguments related to reparations, that slavery was definitively and internationally ‘legal at the time’. This provides space for reconceptualization of the case for reparatory justice. The challenges presented by international legal mechanisms in practice are reviewed and acknowledged. Nonetheless, this chapter outlines the relevance of international legal frameworks in considering the case for reparations in extralegal contexts, looking beyond the law. It further considers the importance of reparations discourse, even in the absence of conclusions on specific cases.
The Space Between
Authors: Maibom Heidi L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the philosophy and psychology of perspective taking and criticizes the way it is currently theorized. Psychologists make a distinction between imagine-self and imagine-other, neither of which describes what people usually do when they put themselves in another’s situation. Philosophers often talk as if we would need to transform ourselves into the other person, as much as possible, in order to be able to understand them from this point of view. But that is neither possible nor desirable, I argue. Instead, we should aim for what I call “the space between.” In this space we understand the other person from their position in a web of interests and relationships, but we use our own background knowledge and humanity. This way of understanding mirrors the way we understand our past selves, particularly when we have undergone important changes. As such, understanding others using perspective taking is no less possible or precise than is understanding ourselves in the past.
What Is a Perspective?
Authors: Maibom Heidi L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes what a perspective is and why it matters. It begins by describing the revolution in painting during the Renaissance, when painting in perspective was invented. Looking at what a perspective does in figurative art helps us recognize that our own way of seeing is perspectival too. But this is not all. The way we refer to ourselves—using ‘I’—is perspectival too, as is our way of imagining and thinking about things. This is brought out by the important work of early phenomenologists, such as Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. Because we are embodied animal beings and the world is incredibly complex, we exist in the world in a way that is essentially perspectival. We are not first impassive and disinterested perceivers, as much philosophy appears to assume. Instead, we are primarily beings that want to survive and thrive. The world presents itself to us in that light.
Getting Interpersonal
Authors: Maibom Heidi L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the notion of an interactor perspective, sometimes called a second-person perspective. The way we view the world is not simply from either an agent or an observer point of view. Much of the time, we are engaged with other people. There is a fair amount of evidence that when we interact with others it affects our own way of thinking, but not because we observe others—we are too busy engaging with them to do so—but because we are interacting with them. The chapter discusses a wide range of different psychological experiments that demonstrate how being engaged with others affects how we see things, how we feel, and how we interact. It also takes inspiration from the psychoanalytic literature on the interesting relationship between therapist and patient.
Knowing You
Authors: Maibom Heidi L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents the most common types of objections to perspective taking. Critics object that we are not very good at imagining being in situations that are very different from ones we have been in, we are poor at using our experiences to recreate the experiences of others, we tend to focalize and ignore relevant information when we use the imagination, and we have little ability to recreate visceral experiences. As a result, perspective taking is rarely successful in capturing other people’s experiences, the argument goes. But perspective taking isn’t primarily concerned with predicting the fine details of other people’s psychology, the chapter argues. It is concerned with the overall significance of what others think, feel, and do. Perspective taking captures some of the things we care most about: our relationship to others; their relationship to us or to other people; their attitudes, such as respect, disdain, care, or hostility; what matters to them; and so on.
Being Impartial
Authors: Maibom Heidi L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The last chapter returns to the idea, broached in the introduction, that perspective taking makes us more, not less, objective and impartial. We start out by looking at the anti-empathic turn in contract law, which brings out the logic behind the view of impersonal impartiality. This takes us to the question of how to determine intent in a non-biased way, which brings us back to perspective taking. But why we should go through the arduous work of taking other people’s perspectives, sometimes several of them, and comparing them to our own if we can simply take the view of an Impartial Spectator or Ideal Observer? The problem with such a spectator, the chapter argues, is that although it may be unmoved by human biases and weakness, it is, in essence, inhuman. It is a big mistake to adopt such a viewpoint when we are concerned with human affairs. Instead, we should aim for a commonwealth of distinctively human perspectives balanced against one another.
Mock Ritual in the Modern Era
Authors: McGinnis Reginald , Smyth John Vignaux 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Beginning with the French eighteenth century and concluding in the present, this book explores complex interrelations between ritual and mockery, which is not infrequently the unofficial face of claims to rationality. The book is particularly concerned with how the mocking and parodying of ritual often associated with modern rationalism may itself become ritualized, and other ways in which supposedly sham ritual may survive its “outing.” Just as the very concept of ritual is seen by anthropologists and others as intimately related to modernity (at once the site of its invention and the reflection of an antiritualism associated with secular societies), so this book traces the evolution of what the authors call mock ritual, in various forms, throughout the modern era, relying on literary, historical, and anthropological texts as well as encyclopedias, newspapers, and films. It places famous eighteenth- and nineteenth-century authors in dialogue with contemporary popular culture, from Diderot, Sterne, and Flaubert to the TV shows Survivor and Judge Judy, and from Voltaire to the Charlie Hebdo tragedy of 2015. The authors’ use of literary texts in addressing anthropological questions has precedents in the work of Georges Bataille, among others, who viewed literature as “the principal heir” and a continuation of “the game of religions.” Ritualistic and mock ritualistic aspects of comedy and ridicule are considered along with those, notably, of sexuality, medicine, art, education, and justice. In addition to a chapter on dueling, the book contains a postscript that considers various aspects of these subjects in the contemporary world.
Mock Ritual and the Emergence of Objectivity in Madame Bovary
Authors: McGinnis Reginald , Smyth John Vignaux 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Whereas earlier chapters were devoted principally to works from or about the Enlightenment, this analysis of Madame Bovary shifts attention to the nineteenth century. Gustave Flaubert offers striking elaborations of the book’s central themes—mockery, ritual, and evolving relations between the sacred and the secular, including science, especially medicine—but also a highly original treatment of artistic technique that is also linked to the problem of mockery. While he is often celebrated for his precocious modernity, or even his anticipation of so-called postmodernity, Flaubert is also famed for his obsession with la bêtise, modern stupidity: Enlightenment’s blindness (of the kind illustrated by the pharmacist Homais). Other themes include medical bleeding, the apparent decline of religion, and the ritualistic dimensions of education and erotic love. Debates surrounding the emergence of the novel’s “objective” narrative technique are also treated, emphasizing Flaubert’s portrayal of his art as itself a kind of mock ritual.
Charlie Hebdo
Authors: McGinnis Reginald , Smyth John Vignaux 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Just as the opening chapters highlight mockery in French Enlightenment critiques of religious ritual, so the authors now turn to contemporary parody of religion and the spectacular resurgence of Enlightenment thinking in the wake of the attack on the caricaturists of Charlie Hebdo. As has been widely observed, the journalists slain by Islamist extremists were quickly associated with the secular and quasi-sacred right to freedom of expression, and particularly with the writings of Voltaire. As with Voltaire, the authors observe how Charlie’s mockery of ritual is itself subject to mock ritualization. This kind of paradox is also emphasized by one of the fiercest critics of the “Je suis Charlie” movement, Emmanuel Todd, who claims that public displays of French national unity and secular tolerance in the weeks following the assassinations were in reality a front for the scapegoating of Muslims. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Michel Houellebecq’s novel Submission.
Why Refugee Solutions?
Authors: Androff David K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter frames the book as a response to the failure of modern refugee policy to address contemporary realities of forced displacement. It links the book to previous critiques of refugee policy and conversations about reforming the refugee regime. While there has been a lot of scholarship on specific refugee policies and populations, this book is distinct in its focus on all three of the major refugee solutions. Next, it introduces the key perspectives of social work, human rights, and sustainable development, which are combined to examine global refugee policy. The author’s perspective in approaching this topic is discussed from their background in human rights and social work practice. The comparative case study methodology is introduced and related to policy analysis. The chapter concludes by outlining the rest of the book.
Voluntary Repatriation to the Country of Origin
Authors: Androff David K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter defines the first durable solution of voluntary repatriation and related concepts, such as nonrefoulement, forced repatriation, assisted repatriation, and spontaneous repatriation. It explains how voluntary repatriation has been applied amidst shifting ideological and political concerns, and highlights where voluntary repatriation programs have been successful. The chapter shows who is eligible for voluntary repatriation; what benefits are offered to returnees, such as cash incentives and transportation assistance; and the delivery and financing mechanisms. Key factors of consent and self-determination, the politics of stakeholders, reintegration, and minority vs. majority return are discussed. This chapter sets the context for the case study.
The Case of Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement
Authors: Androff David K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter illustrates a new model of socio-economic integration based on sustainable development that benefits host and refugee communities alike. The chapter presents Kalobeyei’s context, discusses its market-based approach, and its innovative programs, such as e-voucher food aid and cash for housing. In addition, its sustainable agriculture and energy programs are also discussed. These are assessed along with Kalobeyei’s impact on the local host community. This case underscores the indispensable developmental component of local integration. The chapter argues for increased socio-economic integration, as opposed to narrow legal integration. The chapter concludes with implications for strengthening local integration, such as incorporating sustainable developmental approaches to facilitate integration. Local integration must be strengthened as it will likely continue to be the world’s main de facto durable solution, given how ongoing conflicts foreclose repatriation and political reluctance diminishes resettlement.
Resettlement to a Third Country
Authors: Androff David K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter defines the third and final durable solution of third country resettlement. Its evolution is traced, noting exemplar programs and recent trends, including the rise in resettlement after the Syrian civil war and the precipitous decline in resettlement led by former U.S. President Trump. The chapter shows how third country resettlement has mainly been used by the West to support ideological and foreign policy goals. It reviews how the process of resettlement works, including eligibility and screening; the benefits provided such as cash, housing, healthcare, and employment support; the delivery mechanisms, such as state-based and public–private partnerships, and its financing. It compares various resettlement approaches and provides an overview of most resettlement programs. It raises key issues affecting resettlement, including its place as the durable solution of last resort, its relationship with asylum, and the challenges faced by resettled refugees.
Digital Oracles
Authors: Graham S. Scott 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses attention on the rhetoric of medical futurism and efforts to fundamentally transform and reshape healthcare through advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Specifically, the chapter investigates efforts to displace diagnostics and recenter prognostics as the first art of medicine. The oracular orientation of AI has the potential to improve clinical care, so if new technological systems can reliably predict patient outcomes, then we have a better chance of bringing the right interventions to bear at the right time. However, the chapter also details how accepting these proposed transformations of medicine requires investing significant, and often misplaced, trust in new digital systems. And in closing, the chapter reflects on the extent to which misplaced trust fuels what Meredith Broussard calls “technochauvinism” in some areas of health AI.
Regulating Health AI
Authors: Graham S. Scott 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that efforts to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) broadly and health-specific recommendations from bioethics should be brought together in mutual conversation. In so doing, the chapter reviews recent proposals for broad AI regulation in U.S., U.K., and EU contexts alongside targeted recommendations for health AI. It argues that the broad commitments of critical algorithm studies and Ethical AI can help support a stronger foundation for justice-oriented technology development in health AI. It also argues that the specific methodological and governance recommendations from bioethics can productively inform efforts to effectively regulate AI broadly. The chapter closes with an exploration of how insights from science and technology policy can support best practices for community-centered regulation.
The Centrality of Harm and Its Reduction to Crime and Societal Responses to Crime
Authors: Greenfield Victoria A. , Paoli Letizia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the centrality of harm, including its reduction, to crime and societal responses to crime, irrespective of the ambiguity of “crime,” itself, by exploring harm’s place in legal history, legal theory, and criminology and related fields, and by considering the relevance of harm and harm reduction in criminal policy and the governance of security. The chapter concludes that harm’s centrality is often implicit in contemporary discourse on crime, but it manifests explicitly in legal history and theory and emerges in principle, if not through widespread or consistent practice, from deliberations and debate on key phases of criminal policy, starting with criminalization. As for the governance of security, which encompasses but transcends criminal policy, the chapter shows the centrality of harm and its reduction to the concepts of security and risk and to related business practices, policies, and management methods, although criminology does not often make the connection.