bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Trends of In Situ Focused Ion Beam Technology: Toward Preparing Transmission Electron Microscopy Lamella and Devices at the Atomic Scale
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Wang Wanting , Dong Zuoyuan , Yang Xin , Liang Fang , Chen Xinqian , Wang Chaolun , Luo Chen , Zhang Jiayan , Wu Xing , Sun Litao , Chu Junhao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increased complexity and scaling down of electronic devices lead to great challenges in extracting an interesting nanoscale area of the device for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. The traditional TEM sample preparation methods, such as electrolytic polishing, can not precisely process a specific area of the device. Focused ion beam (FIB) technology is an advanced in situ specimen preparation method for TEM. FIB can not only locate specific position and mill a TEM sample with the nanoscale resolution, but also manipulate the sample in a controlled manner in real time. With the development of electronic devices, variations, and optimizations of the FIB method for advanced devices with new structures have been reported. In this review, the TEM sample preparation methods for fin field‐effect transistor, high electron mobility transistor, enhanced dynamic random‐access memory, and 2D material‐based devices are discussed. Their advantages, disadvantages, and an overview of the applications are summarized. Based on current research, future research directions for enhancing the quality of TEM samples are suggested.
Calibration and evaluation of JULES‐crop for maize in Brazil
Authors: Prudente Junior Amauri Cassio , Vianna Murilo S. , Williams Karina , Galdos Marcelo V. , Marin Fábio R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is a prominent Brazilian commodity, being the second largest crop produced and fifth exported product by the country. Due to its importance for the agricultural sector, there is a concern about the effect of climate change on the crop. Process‐based models are valuable tools to evaluate the effects of climate on crop yields. The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) is a land‐surface model that can be run with an integrated crop model parameterization. The resulting model (JULES‐crop) thus integrates crop physiology principles with the complexity of atmosphere–biosphere coupling. It has been shown to be a valuable tool for large‐scale simulations of crop yields as a function of environmental and management variables. In this study, we calibrated JULES‐crop using a robust experimental dataset collected for summer and off‐season maize fields across Brazil. A targeted local sensitivity analysis was performed to detect parameters of major importance during the calibration process. After calibration, the model was able to satisfactorily simulate both season and off‐season cultivars. Modeling efficiency (EF) was high for leaf area index (EF = .73 and .71, respectively, for summer season and off‐season datasets), crop height (EF = .89), and grain dry mass (EF = .61 and .89, respectively, for summer season and off‐season datasets). The model showed a lower accuracy for simulating leaf dry mass in summer season cultivars (EF = .39) and soil moisture (EF = .44), demonstrating the necessity of further improvements including additional parametrizations of the rainfed conditions.
First‐ versus second‐generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abushukair Hassan , Syaj Sebawe , Ababneh Obada , Qarqash Aref , Schinke Carolina , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Zangari Maurizio , van Rhee Frits , Al Hadidi Samer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) are important treatment options in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). Whether second‐generation BTKi are associated with improved outcomes and/or better safety profile remains unclear. We did a systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials that reported data on the outcomes of patients with WM who received either first‐ or second‐generation BTKi in the period between January 2010 and August 2021. Studies with twenty or fewer patients were excluded. The primary outcomes were efficacy measured by response and survival data. Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis (n = 730 patients). A total of 298 patients received 1st‐generation BTKi and 432 received a 2nd‐generation BTKi. Pooled overall response rate (ORR) and major response rate (MRR) for both generations were similar (94.2% and 78.5% in 1st vs. 88.9% and 75.1% in 2nd, respectively). MRR for both generations was higher in MYD88 Mut/CXCR4 WT patients compared to MYD88 Mut/CXCR4 Mut patients (odds ratio [OR]: 3.9, 95% CI: 2.2 to 5.5). Pooled 18‐mo progression‐free survival (PFS) was similar for both generations (88.5% vs. 87.3%). Grade 3/4 atrial fibrillation was higher in 1st‐generation BTKi (3.1% vs. 0.4%); however, grade‐3/‐4 infections and neutropenia were more frequent in 2nd‐generarion BTKi (20.9% vs. 13.2%, 17.7% vs. 12%, respectively). The efficacy of 1st‐ and 2nd‐generation BTKis is comparable. The 1st‐generation BTKi were associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation, whereas infections and neutropenia occurred more frequently in 2nd‐generation BTKi.
The clinical profile of cerebral small vessel disease: Toward an evidence‐based identification of cognitive markers
Authors: Salvadori Emilia , Brambilla Michela , Maestri Giorgia , Nicotra Alessia , Cova Ilaria , Pomati Simone , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is no consensus on which test is more suited to outline the cognitive deficits of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) patients. We explored the ability of eight cognitive tests, selected in a previous systematic review as the most commonly used in this population, to differentiate among cSVD patients, controls, and other dementing conditions performing a meta‐analysis of 86 studies. We found that cSVD patients performed worse than healthy controls in all tests while data on the comparison to neurodegenerative diseases were limited. We outlined a lack of data on these tests’ accuracy on the diagnosis. Cognitive tests measuring processing speed were those mostly associated with neuroimaging cSVD markers. There is currently incomplete evidence that a single test could differentiate cSVD patients with cognitive decline from other dementing diseases. We make preliminary proposals on possible strategies to gain information about the clinical definition of cSVD that currently remains a neuroimaging‐based one.
Fusion of Multi‐Resonance Fragment with Conventional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon for Nearly BT.2020 Green Emission
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Li Guomeng , Wang Lu , Huang Tianyu , Wei Jinbei , Meng Guoyun , Wang Xiang , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a general strategy for achieving ultra‐pure green emissions by suppressing the shoulder peaks in the emission spectra of conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Through precise synthetic fusion of multi‐resonance (MR) fragments with conventional PAH, extended π‐conjugation lengths, increased molecular rigidity, and reduced vibrational frequency could be simultaneously realized. The proof‐of‐concept emitters exhibited ultra‐pure green emissions with dominant peaks at ca. 521 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields that are greater than 99 %, a small full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of 23 nm, and CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.77). The bottom‐emitting organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) exhibited a record‐high CIEy value of 0.74 and a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 30.5 %. The top‐emitting OLED not only achieved a BT.2020 green color (CIE: 0.17, 0.78) for the first time but also showed superior performance among all green OLED devices, with a current efficiency of 220 cd A−.
Tandem Catalysis for Selective Oxidation of Methane to Oxygenates Using Oxygen over PdCu/Zeolite
Authors: Wu Bo , Lin Tiejun , Huang Min , Li Shenggang , Li Ji , Yu Xing , Yang Ruoou , Sun Fanfei , Jiang Zheng , Sun Yuhan , Zhong Liangshu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelective oxidation of methane to oxygenates with O2 under mild conditions remains a great challenge. Here we report a ZSM‐5 (Z‐5) supported PdCu bimetallic catalyst (PdCu/Z‐5) for methane conversion to oxygenates by reacting with O2 in the presence of H2 at low temperature (120 °C). Benefiting from the co‐existence of PdO nanoparticles and Cu single atoms via tandem catalysis, the PdCu/Z‐5 catalyst exhibited a high oxygenates yield of 1178 mmol g−1Pd h−1 (mmol of oxygenates per gram Pd per hour) and at the same time high oxygenates selectivity of up to 95 %. Control experiments and mechanistic studies revealed that PdO nanoparticles promoted the in situ generation of H2O2 from O2 and H2, while Cu single atoms not only accelerated the activation of H2O2 for the generation of abundant hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) from H2O2 decomposition, but also enabled the homolytic cleavage of CH4 by ⋅OH to methyl radicals (⋅CH3). Subsequently, the ⋅OH reacted quickly with the ⋅CH3 to form CH3OH with high selectivity.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of (Hetero)Arenes with Styrenes
Authors: Qin Tao , Lv Guowei , Miao Huanran , Guan Meihui , Xu Chunlu , Zhang Ge , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn efficient and general intermolecular Cobalt(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of styrenes with (hetero)arenes including indoles, thiophene and electron rich arenes has been developed, providing straightforward access to enantioenriched alkyl(hetero)arenes with high enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction underwent a CoH‐mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) with alkenes, followed by a pivotal catalyst‐controlled SN2‐like pathway between in situ generated organocobalt(IV) species and aromatic nucleophiles. This is the first CoH‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrofunctionalization using carbon nucleophiles, providing a new strategy for asymmetric Friedel–Crafts type alkylation.
Realizing 1,1‐Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols to Carbenes: Pyrrolidin‐2‐ols as a Source of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes
Authors: Das Ayan , Elvers Benedict J. , Nayak Mithilesh Kumar , Chrysochos Nicolas , Anga Srinivas , Kumar Amar , Rao D. Krishna , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Schulzke Carola , Yildiz Cem B. , Jana Anukul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein we report secondary pyrrolidin‐2‐ols as a source of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAAC) for the synthesis of CAAC‐CuI‐complexes and cyclic thiones when reacted with CuI‐salts and elemental sulfur, respectively, under reductive elimination of water from the carbon(IV)‐center. This result demonstrates a convenient and facile access to CAAC‐based CuI‐salts, which are well known catalysts for different organic transformations. It further establishes secondary alcohols to be a viable source of carbenes—realizing after 185 years Dumas’ dream who tried to preparetheparent carbene (CH2) by 1,1‐dehydration of methanol. Addressed is also the reactivity of water towards CAACs, which proceeds through an oxidative addition of the O−H bond to the carbon(II)‐center. This emphasizes the ability of carbon‐compounds to mimic the reactivity of transition‐metal complexes: reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination of the O−H bond to/from the C(II)/C(IV)‐centre.
Alginate/ZnO beads doped with radiation‐induced silver nanoparticles for catalytic degradation of binary mixture of basic and acidic dyes
Authors: Albalwi Hanan A. , Abou El Fadl Faten Ismail , Abou Taleb Manal Fawzy , Ibrahim Mohamed M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBecause of the increased activities of industrial areas, especially textiles, a huge amount of toxic waste has been accumulated, which badly affects the ecosystem. For decades scientists have tried to find an effective solution for this problem. The main objective of this work was to prepare and characterize easily handled nanocomposite beads composed of alginate/ZnO doped with radiation‐induced Ag nanoparticles to study the competitive degradation of basic and acidic dyes in one mixture to evaluate its degradation ability for divers dyes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy studies have helped to characterize nanocomposite hybrid beads with morphological evaluation. The effectiveness of alginate/ZnO/Ag as a catalyst in the degradation of a mixture of basic and acidic dyes was also verified. The main experimental factors such as time, the initial concentration of binary dye mix, and the amount of catalyst were studied to determine the best degradation conditions. The results show that a high percentage of degradation of the dye mixture occurred within 75 min. The amount of ALG/ZnO/Ag beads was optimized as 0.5 g for complete degradation of the dye mixture at concentration of 100 mg/L. The study's results demonstrate that the ALG/ZnO/Ag hybrid nanocomposite catalyst has great ability for the catalytic degradation of a binary mixture of basic and acidic dyes where increasing the amount of catalyst increased the degradation to 95% for basic dye and 85% for acidic dye. In addition, monitoring the degradation process showed that the degradation percentage of basic dye was higher than that of acidic dye in the same mixture.
Adipose‐Derived Regenerative Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Hand Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Caldron Paul , Martin Richard W. , Kafaja Suzanne , Spiera Robert , Shahouri Shadi , Shah Ankoor , Hsu Vivien , Ervin John , Simms Robert , Domsic Robyn T. , Steen Virginia , Hummers Laura K. , Derk Chris , Mayes Maureen , Chatterjee Soumya , Varga John , Kesten Steven , Fraser John K. , Furst Daniel E. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveHand dysfunction is common in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We undertook this study to evaluate the capacity of autologous adipose‐derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) to improve hand function in SSc patients.MethodsThe Scleroderma Treatment with Celution Processed Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells Trial was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial of ADRCs, in which ADRCs were obtained from patients with SSc by small‐volume adipose tissue harvest, and the fingers of each patient were injected with ADRCs. The primary end point was change in hand function at 24 and 48 weeks, assessed using the Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS). One of the secondary end points included the change in Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ DI) at 48 weeks. Separate prespecified analyses were performed for patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) and those with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc).ResultsEighty‐eight patients were randomized to receive ADRCs (n = 48 [32 patients with dcSSc and 16 with lcSSc]) or placebo (n = 40 [19 patients with dcSSc and 21 with lcSSc]). Change in hand function according to CHFS score was numerically higher for the ADRC group compared to the placebo group but did not achieve statistical significance (mean ± SD improvement in the CHFS score at 48 weeks 11.0 ± 12.5 versus 8.9 ± 10.5; P = 0.299). For patients with dcSSc, the between‐group difference in the CHFS at 48 weeks was 6.3 points (nominal P = 0.069). For the secondary end point, the dcSSc group exhibited a between‐group difference of 0.17 points in the HAQ DI (nominal P = 0.044) at 48 weeks. Of the ADRC‐treated patients with dcSSc, 52% reported improvement greater than the minimum clinically important difference for both CHFS and HAQ DI compared to 16% in the placebo group (nominal P = 0.016). Small‐volume adipose tissue harvest and ADRC treatment were well tolerated.ConclusionWhile the primary end point of this trial was not achieved, efficacy trends were observed in patients with dcSSc. Adipose tissue harvest and ADRC injection were demonstrated to be feasible. Further clinical trials of this intervention in the setting of dcSSc are warranted.
Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer at a national referral centre
Authors: Grenabo Bergdahl Anna , Månsson Marianne , Holmberg Göran , Fovaeus Magnus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to determine if robot‐assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R‐RPLND) can be performed as a safe option to open RPLND in selected patients with metastatic germ cell cancer.Patients and methodsThis population‐based prospective study was performed at a one of two national referral centres for RPLND in Sweden. All patients referred during January 2017–March 2021 were screened for possible inclusion. R‐RPLND was performed using the Da Vinci Xi surgical system. Perioperative parameters, postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo), final pathology, preservation of antegrade ejaculation and relapse rates were evaluated. Classifiers for selecting patients to open versus robotic RPLND were analysed by logistic regression modelling. The median follow‐up was 23 months.ResultsOf 87 patients referred, 29 were selected for R‐RPLND, 19 in a post‐chemotherapy setting. In median, retroperitoneal tumour diameter was 18 mm, BMI 24 kg/m2, operative time 433 min, estimated blood loss 50 ml and length of stay 3 days. One patient underwent open conversion due to failure to progress. Four patients had Clavien–Dindo grade 3 complications, of which three were chylous‐related. No in‐field recurrences occurred during follow‐up.ConclusionThis population‐based study suggests that R‐RPLND can be safely performed in at least one third of patients referred for an RPLND. A relatively high rate of lymph‐leakage may represent a potential drawback. Tumour size may be the most important discriminator when deciding on robotic versus open RPLND. Further studies with longer follow‐up are needed to validate the results.
Fertigungstoleranzen von Betonfertigteilen für die modulare Bauweise
Authors: Forman Patrick , Mark Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBetonfertigteile müssen Toleranzen einhalten, um sie montieren zu können und Tragfähigkeit sowie Gebrauchstauglichkeit sicherzustellen. Ansonsten sind Nachbearbeitungen nötig, die den Bauprozess verzögern. Klassischer Toleranzausgleich erfolgt über Pressfugen, die auch die nötigen Kräfte übertragen. Bei modularen Bauweisen steht die Schnellmontage im Vordergrund. Es bieten sich dann Schnellverbinder wie etwa Schrauben oder Trockenfugen an. Aus der feineren Modulteilung entstehen zudem weit mehr Verbindungen, sodass sich Ungenauigkeiten superponieren. Die Anforderungen an die geometrische Genauigkeit steigen rapide. Im Beitrag werden die Herstelltoleranzen für automatisierte Fertigungen seriengerechter Module zusammengestellt und dem Stand der Technik gegenübergestellt. Für ausgewählte Modultypen werden Abweichungen mittels Fehlerfortpflanzung nachverfolgt und für einzelne Bauabschnitte bzw. ganze Tragwerke überlagert. Es zeigt sich, dass in der Regel automatisierte Fertigungen nötig sind und handwerkliche ausscheiden. Linienartige Modultragwerke erreichen bis etwa 30 m Länge Abweichungen unter 1 mm bei gängigem Zuverlässigkeitsniveau von 2σ. Bei scheibenartigen Tragwerken resultieren Lochspiele unter 0,5 mm, und zwar für hohe Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus von 4σ. Dies gelingt in qualitätsgesicherter, automatisierter Vorfertigung.
A second chance for protein targeting/folding: Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of nascent proteins
Authors: Culver Jacob A. , Li Xia , Jordan Matthew , Mariappan Malaiyalam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMolecular chaperones in cells constantly monitor and bind to exposed hydrophobicity in newly synthesized proteins and assist them in folding or targeting to cellular membranes for insertion. However, proteins can be misfolded or mistargeted, which often causes hydrophobic amino acids to be exposed to the aqueous cytosol. Again, chaperones recognize exposed hydrophobicity in these proteins to prevent nonspecific interactions and aggregation, which are harmful to cells. The chaperone‐bound misfolded proteins are then decorated with ubiquitin chains denoting them for proteasomal degradation. It remains enigmatic how molecular chaperones can mediate both maturation of nascent proteins and ubiquitination of misfolded proteins solely based on their exposed hydrophobic signals. In this review, we propose a dynamic ubiquitination and deubiquitination model in which ubiquitination of newly synthesized proteins serves as a “fix me” signal for either refolding of soluble proteins or retargeting of membrane proteins with the help of chaperones and deubiquitinases. Such a model would provide additional time for aberrant nascent proteins to fold or route for membrane insertion, thus avoiding excessive protein degradation and saving cellular energy spent on protein synthesis. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/gkElfmqaKG4
In vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity of Murraya koenigii leaf extract intercedes ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Nagraik Rupak , Venkidasamy Baskar , Khan Azhar , Dulta Kanika , Kumar Chauhan Pankaj , Kumar Deepak , Shin Dong‐Soo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNanotechnology is an emerging field with tremendous potential and usage of medicinal plants and green preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the widely explored areas. These have been shown to be effective against different biological activities such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. The current studies focus on the green synthesis of zinc NPs (ZnO NPs) from aqueous leaf extract of Murraya koenigii (MK). The synthesized Murraya koeingii zinc oxide NPs (MK ZnO NPs) were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive spectrum (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The synthesized MK ZnO NPs were evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. They demonstrated significant antidiabetic and cytotoxic activity, as well as moderate free‐radical scavenging and antibacterial activity.
Adhesion, proliferation, and detachment of various cell types on thermoresponsive microgel coatings
Authors: Flechner Marie , Schaller Julia , Stahl Maike , Achberger Kevin , Gerike Susanna , Hannappel Yvonne , Fu Jianan , Jaeger Magnus , Hellweg Thomas , Duschl Claus , Uhlig Katja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCutting‐edge biomedical applications require increasingly complex and fastidious cell systems, for example, various classes of primary or stem cells. Their cultivation, however, still differs little from 30 years ago. This especially applies to the use of indiscriminative proteases for nonspecific cell detachment. A far more gentle alternative changes the adhesive properties of the cell culture substrates through coatings based on thermoresponsive polymers. Such polymers mediate cell adhesion at 37°C, but become repulsive upon a cell‐compatible temperature drop to, for example, 32°C. While the high functionality of this method has already been well proven, it must also be easy and reproducible to apply. Here, we emphasize the potential of standard cell culture materials coated by spraying with thermoresponsive microgels for routine cultivation and beyond. On these surfaces, we successfully cultivated and detached various cell types, including induced pluripotent stem cells and cells in serum‐free culture. In addition, we evaluated the compatibility of the microgel‐sprayed surfaces with adhesion‐promoting proteins, which are essential for, for example, stem cells or neuronal cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the microgel surfaces do not impair proliferation and show their long‐term stability. We conclude that for cell detachment, thermoresponsive cell culture substrates can fully substitute proteases, like trypsin, by employing a comparably straightforward protocol that is compatible with many industrial processing lines.