bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placer Magnetite-sand and By-product Iron, Generated during the Beneficiation of Mineral Sand Ilmenite to High-Titanium Products, as Potential Alternatives to the High-Grade Fe-ore for Steel Making
Authors: Dhana Raju R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Iron is the most important of all metals and ~ 98% of it, in the form of iron ore/pellets, is used as the key raw material in making steel, with its per-capita consumption often seen as an Index for a nation’s Prosperity. Salient aspects of the industries of iron ore mining and steel-production are presented. These include deposit-types and grades of iron-ore, iron ore minerals with Fe-contents, major producing-exporting-importing countries, international/national prices of iron ore; and major producing countries of steel, international/national production figures, processes of steel-making, including recent hydrogen-energy based green steel/iron ore under de-carbonisation. The less available high-grade Fe ore (&gt; 63.5% Fe), as compared to that of the benchmark or standard grade (62% Fe) and low-grade (&lt;59% Fe) iron ores, has many beneficial features in steel-making, carries a premium price of US $ 1-2/tonne for every 1% increase in Fe-grade over that of the standard grade and, hence, is much sought after. In this communication, two low-cost, potential alternatives to the high-grade Fe ore for steel-making are proposed from the mineral sand industry. These are: (i) placer magnetite-sand, with an example from the coastal Nizampatnam heavy mineral sand deposit in Andhra Pradesh, and (ii) by-product Fe, generated during the beneficiation of ilmenite-sand for high Ti-products such as synthetic rutile/anatase, titanium dioxide pigment, Ti-sponge, Ti-metal etc.A brief account of the mineral sand deposits, including the processes to obtain the above proposed alternatives and the consequent multiple benefits for both the steel and mineral sand industries, is presented in this paper.
Characters of Liptinites in Different Seams of Talcher Coalfield, Odisha, India
Authors: Bhatta Rajesh , Dash Nilima , Nayak Bibhuranjan 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Lower Gondwana coals of Talcher coalfield extends along the south-eastern part of the Mahanadi valley. Coal samples from six different seams, viz. Seam-I, II, III, IV, VIII and IX of Nandira, Lingaraj and Hingula colliery of Talcher coalfield were taken for study. The detailed petrographic study was carried out with special emphasis on identifying and calculating the distribution of various types of liptinite macerals. The coal seams overall are found to be dominated by vitrinite followed by inertinite and liptinite. The liptinite group macerals were characterized with the help of fluorescence microscopy. It is observed that sporinites, particularly microspores, were predominant in all the above seams. Megaspores and resinites were identified in Seams-I and II only. Seams-I and VIII with comparatively higher liptinite content (3-16 vol.%) could be considered favourable for coal liquefaction and gasification. However, the overall low liptinite content (&lt;5 vol.%) of Talcher coals indicates a telmatic swampy paleoenvironment of deposition. The generated data on various liptinite types can serve as facies indicators and help in seam correlation.
Co-creating Knowledge with Robots: System, Synthesis, and Symbiosis
Authors: Hautala Johanna , Jauhiainen Jussi S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the contemporary robotizing knowledge economy, robots take increasing responsibility for accomplishing knowledge-related tasks that so far have been in the human domain. This profoundly changes the knowledge-creation processes that are at the core of the knowledge economy. Knowledge creation is an interactive spatial process through which ideas are transformed into new and justified outcomes, such as novel knowledge and innovations. However, knowledge-creation processes have rarely been studied in the context of human–robot co-creation. In this article, we take the perspective of key actors who create the future of robotics, namely, robotics-related students and researchers. Their thoughts and actions construct the knowledge co-creation processes that emerge between humans and robots. We ask whether robots can have and create knowledge, what kind of knowledge, and what kind of spatialities connect to interactive human–robot knowledge-creation processes. The article’s empirical material consists of interviews with 34 robotics-related researchers and students at universities in Finland and Singapore as well as observations of human–robot interactions there. Robots and humans form top-down systems, interactive syntheses, and integrated symbioses in spatial knowledge co-creation processes. Most interviewees considered that robots can have knowledge. Some perceived robots as machines and passive agents with rational knowledge created in hierarchical systems. Others saw robots as active actors and learning co-workers having constructionist knowledge created in syntheses. Symbioses integrated humans and robots and allowed robots and human–robot cyborgs access to embodied knowledge.
The long-term effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marra Alexandre R. , Kobayashi Takaaki , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Alsuhaibani Mohammed , Schweizer Marin L. , Diekema Daniel J. , Tofaneto Bruna Marques , Bariani Luigi Makowski , Auler Mariana de Amorim , Salinas Jorge L. , Edmond Michael B. , Pinho João Renato Rebello , Rizzo Luiz Vicente 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
Although multiple studies revealed high vaccine effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines within 3 months after the completion of vaccines, long-term vaccine effectiveness has not been well established, especially after the δ (delta) variant became prominent. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of long-term vaccine effectiveness.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 2019 to November 15, 2021, for studies evaluating the long-term vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or COVID-19 hospitalization among individuals who received 2 doses of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, or AstraZeneca vaccines, or 1 dose of the Janssen vaccine. Long-term was defined as >5 months after the last dose. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval for COVID-19 between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% × (1 − DOR).

Results:
In total, 16 studies including 17,939,172 individuals evaluated long-term vaccine effectiveness and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DOR for COVID-19 was 0.158 (95% CI: 0.157-0.160) with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 84.2% (95% CI, 84.0- 84.3%). Estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization was 88.7% (95% CI, 55.8%–97.1%). Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the δ variant period was 61.2% (95% CI, 59.0%–63.3%).

Conclusions:
COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing COVID-19 and COVID-19 hospitalization across a long-term period for the circulating variants during the study period. More observational studies are needed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, the vaccine effectiveness of mixing COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 breakthrough infection, and vaccine effectiveness against newly emerging variants.
An opportunity for global antimicrobial stewardship research: Refugee populations
Authors: Patel Payal K. , Mehrotra Preeti , Ladines-Lim Joseph B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a well-known global health threat that has higher prevalence in the refugee population. Although guidance has been provided by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on implementing antimicrobial stewardship in lower- and middle-income countries, as well as by the United Nations Refugee Agency on other infection prevention and control efforts, no specific guidance exists for implementation of stewardship in this population. We highlight challenges specific to this population, review recent studies of interest within this space, and propose a research agenda to help move stewardship forward in the refugee population. We advocate for the importance of this issue, particularly given recent current events of geopolitical volatility that render this population more vulnerable, in the setting of its already well-known numerous health challenges.
Modeling Outcomes Using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score-Based Ventilator Triage Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cuartas Pablo Alberto , Tavares Santos Heitor , Levy Benjamin M , Gong Michelle Ng , Powell Tia , Chuang Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To model performance of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score-based ventilator allocation guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study design was used. Study sites included 3 New York City hospitals in a single academic medical center. We included a random sample (205) of adult patients who were intubated (1002) from March 25, 2020, till April 29, 2020. Protocol criteria adapted from the New York State’s 2015 guidelines were applied to determine which patients would have had mechanical ventilation withheld or withdrawn.

Results:
117 (57%) patients would have been identified for ventilator withdrawal or withholding based on the triage guidelines. Of those 117 patients, 28 (24%) survived hospitalization. Overall, 65 (32%) patients survived to discharge.

Conclusion:
Triage protocols aim to maximize survival by redirecting ventilators to those most likely to survive. Over 50% of this sample would have been identified as candidates for ventilator exclusion. Clinical judgment would therefore still be needed in ventilator reallocation, thus re-introducing bias and moral distress. This data suggests limited utility for SOFA score-based ventilator rationing. It raises the question of whether there is sufficient ethical justification to impose a life-ending decision based on a SOFA scoring method on some patients in order to offer potential benefit to a modest number of others.
A longitudinal evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a cohort of patients treated with clozapine
Authors: Rainford Aoibheann , Moran S. , McMahon Eimear , Fahy Yvonne Patricia , McDonald Colm , Hallahan Brian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectives:We previously demonstrated that three months into the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact on individuals with treatment-resistant psychotic disorders was modest. Here, we examined and compared the psychological and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the same patient cohort 12 months after their initial study engagement.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 individuals (85.7% response rate) between June 12 and July 29, 2021, 12 months after their initial interviews. Participants’ subjective experience of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety symptoms, social and vocational functioning was measured utilising the same Likert scales at both time points. Anxiety symptoms were additionally measured using subjective (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and objective (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS)) psychometric instruments. Pairedt-tests or Wilcoxon ranked tests compared parametric or non-parametric data over time. Free-text responses pertaining to participants’ perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 were grouped into themes.Results:A minor increase in anxiety symptoms was demonstrated utilising the HARS (1.9 points,z= 3.017,p= 0.003), with a minimal increase in depressive symptoms noted using Likert ratings (0.8 points,z= 2.119,p= 0.034). Five themes were identified with the most prevalent being (i) positivity regarding vaccination, (ii) social isolation from family members and (iii) looking forward to post-COVID-19 ‘normality’. However, negative views pertaining to the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 and vaccination were additionally reported.Conclusions:No significant overall clinical change in symptomatology or functioning over time was noted.The study demonstrated that positive views regarding vaccination and optimism for the future were evident for some participants.
Exact simulation of extrinsic stress-release processes
Authors: Lee Young , Laub Patrick J. , Taimre Thomas , Zhao Hongbiao , Zhuang Jiancang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a new and straightforward algorithm that simulates exact sample paths for a generalized stress-release process. The computation of the exact law of the joint inter-arrival times is detailed and used to derive this algorithm. Furthermore, the martingale generator of the process is derived, and induces theoretical moments which generalize some results of [3] and are used to demonstrate the validity of our simulation algorithm.
Relationships between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and regional brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Takahashi Takumi , Ota Miho , Numata Yuriko , Kitabatake Ayako , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Tamura Masashi , Ide Masayuki , Matsuzaki Asaki , Kaneda Yuko , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground:Several studies have reported that the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) influenced cognitive function in the elderly. However, the effect of COVID-19-related fear on brain atrophy has not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the relation between brain atrophy and the effect of COVID-19-related fear by analysing changes in brain volume over time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:Participants were 25 Japanese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD), who underwent 1.5-tesla MRI scan twice, once before and once after the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, and the Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale (FCV-19S) assessment during that period. We computed regional brain atrophy per day between the 1st and 2nd scan, and evaluated the relation between the FCV-19S scores and regional shrinkage.Results:There was significant positive correlation between the total FCV-19S score and volume reduction per day in the right posterior cingulate cortex. Regarding the subscales of FCV-19S, we found significant positive correlation between factor 2 of the FCV-19S and shrinkage of the right posterior cingulate cortex.Conclusions:There was positive correlation between the FCV-19S score and regional brain atrophy per day. Although it is already known that the psychological effects surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic cause cognitive function decline, our results further suggest that anxiety and fear related to COVID-19 cause regional brain atrophy.
Role of cholecystokinin in satiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Warrilow Andrew , Turner Murray , Naumovski Nenad , Somerset Shawn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this review was to examine: (1) the ability of cholecystokinin (CCK) or analogues of CCK to influence satiation and changes in body weight generally and (2) the efficacy of CCK in influencing satiation and eating behaviour specifically at physiological levels of dosing. A systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines in five electronic databases investigating the effect of exogenous CCK or analogues on satiation and body weight. A meta-analysis of studies that infused CCK and measured satiation via changes in food/energy intake was also conducted. A total of 1054 studies were found using the search terms which were reduced to fifteen studies suitable for inclusion. Of the twelve studies measuring the effect on the weight of food ingested or energy intake, eleven showed a decrease. An analogue of CCK which can be administered orally failed to produce any weight loss at 24 weeks. The meta-analysis found the effect of CCK on satiation dosed at physiological levels was significant with a standardised mean difference of 0·57 (95 % CI 0·30, 0·85, P < 0·0001). By comparison, CCK dosed at higher, pharmacological levels also had a significant effect with a standardised mean difference of 0·91 (95 % CI 0·46, 1·36, P < 0·0001). Eight of the ten studies in the meta-analysis combined CCK infusion with some means to facilitate stomach distension. The present review found evidence that at both physiological and pharmacological levels of dosing CCK has a significant effect on satiation but no evidence for weight loss over the long term.
Milkability of Holstein cows is significantly affected by the incidence of clinical mastitis for weeks after diagnosis
Authors: Gašparík Matúš , Stádník Luděk , Ducháček Jaromír , Vrhel Marek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this research communication was to explore the extent of milkability changes caused by the incidence of clinical mastitis. Our second objective was to investigate if the milkability of cows shortly before mastitis incidence significantly differed in comparison with healthy cows. Milk yield, milking time, average milk flow, partial milk flows and the occurrence of bimodal milk flows were monitored during the first 120 d in milk for all cows that calved on the farm during the experimental period (n = 127). A veterinarian diagnosed 27 cows with clinical mastitis, while the remaining healthy cows served as a control group. The period surrounding the mastitis was monitored in a timeline from 2 weeks before to 4 weeks after the diagnosis. We did not observe any significant differences in milkability between the healthy cows and the cows in the pre-mastitis period, which suggests that monitoring these might not be useful for early mastitis detection. Milk yield and milk flow were significantly decreased in the week of mastitis diagnosis compared to the pre-mastitis period. Milking time was not affected in the week of diagnosis, but was significantly increased in the following week, because milk yield returned to pre-mastitis values, but average milk flow was still significantly decreased. Milk yield was normalized to pre-mastitis values as the first of monitored parameters. Milk flow returned to pre-mastitis values in the fourth week after mastitis diagnosis. Milking time was the only parameter that was significantly affected up to a month after diagnosis. Our results showed that milkability changes caused by mastitis are significant and should not be ignored. The ability to adjust milking settings for cows diagnosed with mastitis could become a useful tool for improving mastitis treatment.
HEREDITARIANISM, EUGENICS, AND AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE IN THE INTERWAR YEARS: MEET THE CARVERIANS
Authors: Fiorito Luca , Erasmo Valentina 
Published: February 2022

Like other Progressive Era reformers, Thomas Nixon Carver promoted a form of biology-infused social science that included both eugenics and a strong version of hereditarianism. Carver was also a charismatic teacher who trained several generations of economists and sociologists at Harvard. In this paper we will focus on the contribution of three of them: James A. Field, Norman E. Himes, and Carl S. Joslyn. These authors differ in terms of style, method, and emphasis—with Field and Himes more interested in population and birth control issues, and Joslyn in the dynamics of social stratification. As it will be shown below, however, all of them reveal an explicit commitment to hereditarianism and eugenics, which can be directly traced back to Carver’s influence during their student days at Harvard.
CARLSON–GRIFFITHS THEORY FOR COMPLETE KÄHLER MANIFOLDS
Authors: Dong Xianjing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate Carlson–Griffiths’ equidistribution theory of meormorphic mappings from a complete Kähler manifold into a complex projective algebraic manifold. By using a technique of Brownian motions developed by Atsuji, we obtain a second main theorem in Nevanlinna theory provided that the source manifold is of nonpositive sectional curvature. In particular, a defect relation follows if some growth condition is imposed.
Dashon Burton's Song Sermon: Corporeal Liveness and the Solemnizing Breath
Authors: Beaudoin Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmerican bass-baritone Dashon Burton's 2015 recording of the song sermon “He Never Said a Mumberlin’ Word” provides a case study of the interaction between sung melodies and audible breaths in the expression of a lyric. Acknowledging the relationship between Burton's performance and earlier notated arrangements by Roland Hayes, J. Rosamond Johnson, William Arms Fischer, and John W. Work, this study draws an arc from the macro-level of the song sermon's oral and notated history to the micro-level of Burton's sung syllables and, finally, to a spectrographic examination of his individual breaths. One of these, the solemnizing breath that inaugurates the fifth stanza of the work, is pinpointed as the expressive denouement of Burton's track. A contrast is drawn between the liturgical framework of Hayes's arrangement and the images of anti-racist protest marches that accompany Burton's recording. An emphasis on the granular aspects of Burton's voice invokes Sanden's concept of corporeal liveness, Barthes's writings on cinematic sound, and Bain's recognition of breath sounds as music. Studying the narrative totality of Burton's utterance engenders a connection between singer and orator, and builds a historical continuity between Burton and his antecedents.
Empire and insurgency: the politics of truth in Alexander Wendt's Quantum Mind and Social Science: Unifying Physical and Social Ontology
Authors: Hutchings Kimberly 
Published: February 2022

AbstractI argue that the dangers inherent in Wendt's project are not that it radically undermines the project of social science as it currently exists, in positivist or interpretivist forms, but rather that it reinforces the will to knowledge that has powered the development of the social and human sciences since the late 19th century. The ultimate significance of Wendt's argument is not ontological or epistemic but political.
On the Source of the Anomalous ULF Waves Detected at Both Ground and Space‐Borne Data on 23 June 2020
Authors: Piersanti M. , Di Matteo S. , Zhima Z. , Yang Y. , Zhang Z. , Marcucci M. F. , Parmentier A. , D’Angelo G. , Recchiuti D. , Diego P. , Ubertini P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe have analyzed a highly monochromatic (f = 1.67 mHz) and large‐amplitude Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) wave event observed at satellites and ground observatories on 23 June 2020 during super solar quiet geomagnetic conditions. The train wave was detected between 6:22 and 7:55 UT across a wide longitudinal range of ground stations from low to high latitudes. Using Deep Space Climate Observatory and THEMIS‐B spacecraft, which were in the interplanetary medium, we have identified the possible driver of such global ULF wave activity in the impact of a small pressure pulse accompanied by a discontinuity in the magnetic field. The prolonged duration (90 min) of the ULF waves as well as their latitude‐independent frequency and the small azimuthal wave number (m ∼ 0−2) can be explained in terms of a global magnetospheric waveguide mode. The amplitude and cross‐phase analysis of the wave activity at ground, together with the polarization pattern, suggest the waveguide mode coupling with field line resonance. Nevertheless, during the same time interval, indirect evidence exists of a rapid reconfiguration of the magnetotail in the form of Pi2 waves in the night‐side region. The analysis of energetic particle flux at ionospheric height (500 km) shows a direct connection between the ULF wave activity and particle precipitation.