bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NaV1.1 is essential for proprioceptive signaling and motor behaviors
Authors: Espino Cyrrus M. , Lewis Cheyanne M. , Ortiz Serena , Dalal Miloni S. , Garlapalli Snigdha , Wells Kaylee M. , O’Neil Darik A. , Wilkinson Katherine A. , Griffith Theanne N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV), NaV1.1, is well-studied in the central nervous system; conversely, its contribution to peripheral sensory neuron function is more enigmatic. Here, we identify a new role for NaV1.1 in mammalian proprioception. RNAscope analysis and in vitro patch clamp recordings in genetically identified mouse proprioceptors show ubiquitously channel expression and significant contributions to intrinsic excitability. Notably, genetic deletion of NaV1.1 in sensory neurons caused profound and visible motor coordination deficits in conditional knockout mice of both sexes, similar to conditional Piezo2-knockout animals, suggesting this channel is a major contributor to sensory proprioceptive transmission. Ex vivo muscle afferent recordings conditional knockout mice found that loss of NaV1.1 leads to inconsistent and unreliable proprioceptor firing characterized by action potential failures during static muscle stretch; conversely, afferent responses to dynamic vibrations were unaffected. This suggests that while a combination of Piezo2 and other NaV isoforms are sufficient to elicit activity in response to transient stimuli, NaV1.1 is required for transmission of receptor potentials generated during sustained muscle stretch. Impressively, recordings from afferents of heterozygous conditional knockout animals were similarly impaired, and heterozygous conditional knockout mice also exhibited motor behavioral deficits. Thus, NaV1.1 haploinsufficiency in sensory neurons impairs both proprioceptor function and motor behaviors. Importantly, human patients harboring NaV1.1 loss-of-function mutations often present with motor delays and ataxia; therefore, our data suggest sensory neuron dysfunction contributes to the clinical manifestations of neurological disorders in which NaV1.1 function is compromised. Collectively, we present the first evidence that NaV1.1 is essential for mammalian proprioceptive signaling and behaviors.
Serine Deamination as a New Acid Resistance Mechanism in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wiebe Michelle A. , Brannon John R. , Steiner Bradley D. , Bamidele Adebisi , Schrimpe-Rutledge Alexandra C. , Codreanu Simona G. , Sherrod Stacy D. , McLean John A. , Hadjifrangiskou Maria 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli associates with humans early in life and can occupy several body niches either as a commensal in the gut and vagina, or as a pathogen in the urinary tract. As such, E. coli has an arsenal of acid response mechanisms that allow it to withstand the different levels of acid stress encountered within and outside the host. Here, we report the discovery of an additional acid response mechanism that involves the deamination of L-serine to pyruvate by the conserved L-serine deaminases SdaA and SdaB. L-serine is the first amino acid to be imported in E. coli during growth in laboratory media, as the culture senesces. However, there remains a lack in knowledge as to why L-serine is preferred and how it is utilized. We show that in acidified media, L-serine is brought into the cell via the SdaC transporter and deletion of both SdaA and SdaB renders E. coli susceptible to acid stress, with a phenotype similar to other acid stress deletion mutants. We also show that the pyruvate produced by L-serine de-amination activates the pyruvate sensor BtsS, which in concert with the non-cognate response regulator YpdB upregulates the putative transporter YhjX, similar to what has been reported for this system during transition of E. coli to stationary phase. Based on these observations, we propose that L-serine deamination constitutes another acid response mechanism in E. coli that may function to protect E. coli as it transitions to stationary phase of growth.IMPORTANCEThe observation that L-serine uptake occurs as an E. coli culture senesces is well-established, yet the benefit E. coli garners from this uptake remains unclear. Here, we report a novel acid resistance mechanism, where L-serine is deaminated to pyruvate and ammonia, promoting acid tolerance in E. coli. This study is important as it provides evidence of the use of L-serine as an acid response strategy, not previously reported for E. coli.
Intracellular connections between basal bodies promote the coordinated behavior of motile cilia
Authors: Soh Adam W. J. , Woodhams Louis G. , Junker Anthony D. , Enloe Cassidy M. , Noren Benjamin E. , Harned Adam , Westlake Christopher J. , Narayan Kedar , Oakey John S. , Bayly Philip V. , Pearson Chad G. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryHydrodynamic flow produced by multi-ciliated cells is critical for fluid circulation and cell motility. Hundreds of cilia beat with metachronal synchrony for fluid flow. Cilia-driven fluid flow produces extracellular hydrodynamic forces that cause neighboring cilia to beat in a synchronized manner. However, hydrodynamic coupling between neighboring cilia is not the sole mechanism that drives cilia synchrony. Cilia are nucleated by basal bodies (BBs) that link to each other and to the cell’s cortex via BB-associated appendages. The intracellular BB and cortical network is hypothesized to synchronize ciliary beating by transmitting cilia coordination cues. The extent of intracellular ciliary connections and the nature of these stimuli remain unclear. Moreover, how BB connections influence the dynamics of individual cilia has not been established. We show by FIB-SEM imaging that cilia are coupled both longitudinally and laterally in the ciliateTetrahymena thermophilaby the underlying BB and cortical cytoskeletal network. To visualize the behavior of individual cilia in live, immobilizedTetrahymenacells, we developedDelivered IronParticleUbietyLiveLight-(DIPULL) microscopy. Quantitative and computer analyses of ciliary dynamics reveal that BB connections control ciliary waveform and coordinate ciliary beating. Loss of BB connections reduces cilia-dependent fluid flow forces.SummarySoh et al investigate whether intracellular connections between basal bodies control ciliary behavior in multi-ciliated cells. Using aTetrahymenalive cell immobilization technique to quantify ciliary dynamics, they show that inter-BB connections are required for effective ciliary waveform and coordinated ciliary beating that promotes fluid flow.
Fluorescence fluctuation based super resolution microscopy, basic concepts for an easy start
Authors: Alva Alma , Brito-Alarcón Eduardo , Linares Alejandro , Torres-García Esley , O. Hernández Haydeé , Pinto-Cámara Raúl , Martínez Damián , Hernández-Herrera Paul , D’Antuono Rocco , Wood Christopher , Guerrero Adán 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTDue to the wave nature of light, optical microscopy has a lower-bound lateral resolution limit of about half of the wavelength of the detected light, i.e., within the range of 200 to 300 nm. The Fluorescence Fluctuation based Super Resolution Microscopy (FF-SRM) encompases a collection of image analysis techniques which rely on the statistical processing of temporal variations of fluorescence to reduce the uncertainty about the fluorophore positions within a sample, hence, bringing spatial resolution down to several tens of nm. The FF-SRM is known to be suitable for live-cell imaging due to its compatibility with most fluorescent probes and lower instrumental and experimental requirements, which are mostly camera-based epifluorescence instruments. Each FF-SRM approach has strengths and weaknesses, which depend directly on the underlying statistical principles through which enhanced spatial resolution is achieved. In this review, the basic concepts and principles behind a range of FF-SRM methods published to date are revisited. Their operational parameters are explained and guidance for its selection is provided.
Density-Dependent Color Scanning Electron Microscopy (DDC-SEM) for calcified tissue and pathological calcification
Authors: Tsolaki Elena , Chester Adrian H , Bertazzo Sergio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is widely used for materials characterization. It has also been successfully applied to the imaging of biological samples, providing invaluable insights into the topography, morphology and composition of biological structures, including pathological minerals, in diseases affecting cardiovascular, kidney and ocular tissues. Here we provide a comprehensive and detailed guide on how to use colored SEM to aid the visualization and characterization of pathological calcification, and identify the effects of different sample preparation protocols for the visualisation of these minerals.
Conserved population dynamics in the cerebro-cerebellar system between waking and sleep
Authors: Xu Wei , De Carvalho Felipe , Jackson Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of the cerebellum for motor learning, and the recognised role of sleep in motor memory consolidation, surprisingly little is known about activity in the sleeping cerebro-cerebellar system. Here we used wireless recording from M1 and the cerebellum in monkeys to examine the relationship between patterns of single-unit spiking activity observed during waking behaviour and in natural sleep. Across the population of recorded units, we observed similarities in the timing of firing relative to local field potential features associated with both movements during waking and up-states during sleep. We also observed a consistent pattern of asymmetry in pair-wise cross-correlograms, indicative of preserved sequential firing in both wake and sleep at low frequencies. Despite the overall similarity in population dynamics between wake and sleep, there was a global change in the timing of cerebellar activity relative to motor cortex, from contemporaneous in the awake state, to motor cortex preceding the cerebellum in sleep. We speculate that similar population dynamics in waking and sleep may imply that cerebellar internal models are activated in both states, but that their output is decoupled from motor cortex in sleep. Nevertheless, spindle frequency coherence between the cerebellum and motor cortex may provide a mechanism for cerebellar computations to influence sleep-dependent learning processes in the cortex.Significance statementIt is well known that sleep can lead to improved motor performance. One possibility is that synaptic changes during sleep result from off-line repetitions of neuronal activity patterns in brain areas responsible for the control of movement. In this study we show for the first time that neuronal patterns in the cerebro-cerebellar system are conserved during both movements and sleep up-states, albeit with a shift in the relative timing between areas. Additionally, we show the presence of simultaneous M1-cerebellar spike coherence at spindle frequencies associated with up-state replay and postulate that this is a mechanism whereby a cerebellar internal models can shape plasticity in neocortical circuits during sleep.
Heart Rate Variability Covaries with Amygdala Functional Connectivity During Voluntary Emotion Regulation
Authors: Tupitsa Emma , Egbuniwe Ifeoma , Lloyd William K. , Puertollano Marta , Macdonald Birthe , Joanknecht Karin , Sakaki Michiko , van Reekum Carien M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Neurovisceral Integration Model posits that shared neural networks support the effective regulation of emotions and heart rate, with heart rate variability (HRV) serving as an objective, peripheral index of prefrontal inhibitory control. Prior neuroimaging studies have predominantly examined both HRV and associated neural functional connectivity at rest, as opposed to contexts that require active emotion regulation. The present study sought to extend upon previous resting-state functional connectivity findings, examining HRV and corresponding amygdala functional connectivity during a cognitive reappraisal task. Seventy adults (52 old and 18 young adults, 18-84 years, 51% male) received instructions to cognitively reappraise negative and neutral affective images during functional MRI scanning. HRV measures were derived from a finger pulse signal throughout the scan. During the task, young adults exhibited a significant inverse association between HRV and amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) functional connectivity, in which higher HRV was correlated with weaker amygdala-mPFC coupling, whereas old adults displayed a slight positive, albeit non-significant correlation. Furthermore, voxelwise whole-brain functional connectivity analyses showed that higher HRV was linked to weaker right amygdala-posterior cingulate cortex connectivity across old and young adults, and in old adults, higher HRV positively correlated with stronger right amygdala – right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of assessing HRV and neural functional connectivity during active regulatory contexts to further identify neural concomitants of HRV and adaptive emotion regulation.
Reaction Conditions Promoting the Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2 NendoU Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Makharashvili Nodar , McNamara James O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMethods that enable rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 provide valuable tools for detecting and controlling Covid-19 outbreaks and also facilitate more effective treatment of infected individuals. The predominant approaches developed use PCR to detect viral nucleic acids or immunoassays to detect viral proteins. Each approach has distinct advantages and disadvantages, but alternatives that do not share the same limitations could enable substantial improvements in outbreak detection and management. For instance, methods that have comparable sensitivity to PCR, but that are not prone to the false-positive results that stem from the tendency of PCR to detect molecular degradation products could improve accurate identification of infected individuals. An alternative approach with potential to achieve this entails harnessing the unique enzymatic properties of SARS-CoV-2 enzymes to generate SARS-Cov-2-specific signals that indicate the presence of the virus. This route benefits from the high sensitivity provided by enzymatic signal amplification and also the fact that signal is generated only by intact viral enzymes, not degradation products. Here, we demonstrate enzymatic reaction conditions that enable the preferential detection of NendoU of SARS-CoV-2, versus several of its orthologues, with a fluorogenic oligonucleotide substrate. These compositions provide a possible technical foundation for a novel approach for detecting SARS-CoV-2 that has distinct advantages from current approaches.
Allocation of visuospatial attention indexes evidence accumulation for reach decisions
Authors: Schonard Carolin , Heed Tobias , Seegelke Christian 
Published: May 2022

Visuospatial attention is a prerequisite for the performance of visually guided movements: Perceptual discrimination is regularly enhanced at target locations prior to movement initiation. It is known that this attentional prioritization evolves over the time of movement preparation; however, it is not clear whether this build-up simply reflects a time requirement of attention formation or whether, instead, attention build-up reflects the emergence of the movement decision. To address this question, we combined behavioral experiments, psychophysics, and computational decision-making models to characterize the time course of attention build-up during motor preparation. Participants (n = 46, 29 female) executed center-out reaches to one of two potential target locations and reported the identity of a visual discrimination target that occurred concurrently at one of various time-points during movement preparation and execution. Visual discrimination increased simultaneously at the two potential target locations but was modulated by the experiment-wide probability that a given location would become the final goal. Attention increased further for the location that was then designated as the final goal location, with a time course closely related to movement initiation. A sequential sampling model of decision-making predicted key temporal characteristics of attentional allocation. Together, these findings provide evidence that visuospatial attentional prioritization during motor preparation does not simply reflect that a spatial location has been selected as movement goal, but rather indexes the time-extended, cumulative decision that leads to selection, hence constituting a link between perceptual and motor aspects of sensorimotor decisions.Significance statementWhen humans perform a goal-directed movement such as a reach, attention shifts towards the goal location already before movement initiation, indicating that motor goal selection relies on the use of attention. Here, we demonstrate that key temporal aspects of visuospatial attention are predicted by a well-known computational model of decision-making. These findings suggest that visual attention signals much more than simply that a motor goal has been selected: instead, the time-course of emergent, visuospatial attention reflects the time-extended, cumulative decision that leads to goal selection, offering a window onto the tight link of perceptual and motor aspects in sensorimotor decision-making.
Depth and evenness of sequence coverage are associated with assembly quality, genome structure, and choice of sequencing platform in archived plastid genomes
Authors: Jenke Nils , Gruenstaeudl Michael 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIn plastid genomes, the depth and evenness of sequence coverage are considered important indicators for assembly quality. However, the precise manifestations that sequencing depth and evenness can have in the assembly of these genomes, as well as any differences across individual genome sections, have yet to be evaluated. This investigation aims to identify the impact that sequencing depth and evenness can have on the assembly of plastid genomes and how both metrics are related to plastid genome structure. Specifically, we assess if sequencing evenness and reduced sequencing depth have significant correlations with, or significant differences among, individual genome sections, assembly quality metrics, the sequencing platforms employed, and the software tools used for genome assembly. To that end, we retrieve published plastid genomes as well as their sequence reads and genome metadata from public databases, measure sequencing depth and evenness across their sequences, and test several hypotheses on genome assembly and structure through non-parametric statistical tests. The results of our analyses show significant differences in sequencing depth across the four structural partitions as well as between the coding and non-coding sections of the plastid genomes, a significant correlation between sequencing evenness and the number of ambiguous nucleotides per genome, and significant differences in sequencing evenness between various sequencing platforms. Based on these results, we conclude that the observed differences and correlations are not a product of chance alone but possibly genuine manifestations of sequencing depth and evenness during the assembly of these genomes.
The impact of network sharing on competition: the challenges posed by 5G
Authors: Pápai Zoltán , McLean Aliz , Nagy Péter , Szabó Gábor , Csorba Gergely 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The paper aims to discuss the expected changes 5G will bring to the assessment of active mobile network sharing agreements from a competition policy point of view.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper distinguishes between current, early 5G networks and the fully-fledged 5G envisioned for the future, then focuses on the main competition concerns where 5G may bring the most significant changes in the evaluation compared to 4G.

Findings
The authors find that while network sharing for early 5G can be evaluated in a similar way to previous generations, fully-fledged 5G can raise new issues. The authors predict these main concerns to be service differentiation, cost commonality between the parties and the parties’ ability and incentives to grant access to critical inputs to downstream competitors. Due to the huge costs of 5G rollout, network sharing is set to become even more widespread than before. For each of the concerns, the authors show that they are not easy to substantiate and they may even become less serious than under 4G.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first contributions to analyse the impact of fully-fledged 5G on mobile network sharing agreements’ competitive assessment.
The spatial pattern and dynamic evolution of basic public service level in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from the perspective of COVID-19
Authors: Wang Lida , Rong Xian , Mu Lingling 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the basic public service level in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region under the impact of COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThis study constructed a basic public service-level evaluation system from the five dimensions of education, culture, health, social security and infrastructure and environment, and measures the basic public service level in 13 cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei using the entropy method. The spatial pattern and dynamic evolution of the public service level are analysed from the perspective of dynamic trends in time series and spatial distribution, along with the reasons for the evolution of spatial distribution.Findings(1) The basic public service level in the 13 cities is generally on the rise, but the trend is unstable. (2) The basic public service level in space shows a general trend of attenuation from northeast to southwest, with significant spatial imbalance and orientation. (3) The regional differences first increase and then decrease. (4) The inter-group mobility of different basic public service levels is low, and cities with lower initial levels find it difficult to achieve leapfrog development. Moreover, the health service level of the region is still at a low stage, which is not conducive to effectively preventing and controlling the epidemic.Originality/valueFrom the perspective of this research, the spatial pattern and dynamic evolution of basic public service were adopted to analyse the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Furthermore, this study discusses how to improve the basic public service level to ensure sustainable operation in the region under the impact of COVID-19.
Collective turnover and unit performance: moderation effects of work experience and time clustering of quits
Authors: Simón Cristina , Shaw Jason D. , de Sivatte Isabel , Olmos Albacete Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe authors propose and test these boundary conditions to the relationship between voluntary collective turnover and unit performance: job and organizational tenure and the time clustering of turnover.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze longitudinal data obtained from 231 units of an international clothing retailer in Spain assessed during 36 months.FindingsThe authors show that when the remaining workforce has moderate, but not low or high, levels of job and organizational tenure, the negative effect of quits on performance is buffered. Furthermore, their results show that time-clustered voluntary turnover patterns have stronger negative effects on unit performance than turnover patterns spread over time.Originality/valueThe authors extend the collective turnover literature addressing two qualitative properties of the content of voluntary turnover, the experience of the workers that remain in the unit after the turnover events happen and how these events are clustered/dispersed over time.