bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Civic Dominion: Nation-Building in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan over 25 Years of Independence
Authors: Broers Laurence , Mahmudlu Ceyhun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article surveys nation-building in post-Soviet Azerbaijan over the country’s first quarter-century of restored independence. It examines the core dimensions of ethno-demographic and national minority issues, language policy, and the role of religion in the development of the state’s formal ideologyAzerbaycançılıq(Azerbaijanism). The article highlights the nexus of nation-building and regime-building as a dominant trend over the last two decades, generating what we term “civic dominion”: the domination of a regime tradition, legitimated through the imagery and ideology of civic nationhood. Finally, the article considers the role of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict as a long-standing exception to the ostensibly civic ethos of post-Soviet Azerbaijani nation-building.
Hierarchically Regularized Entropy Balancing
Authors: Xu Yiqing , Yang Eddie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce hierarchically regularized entropy balancing as an extension to entropy balancing, a reweighting method that adjusts weights for control group units to achieve covariate balance in observational studies with binary treatments. Our proposed extension expands the feature space by including higher-order terms (such as squared and cubic terms and interactions) of covariates and then achieves approximate balance on the expanded features using ridge penalties with a hierarchical structure. Compared with entropy balancing, this extension relaxes model dependency and improves the robustness of causal estimates while avoiding optimization failure or highly concentrated weights. It prevents specification searches by minimizing user discretion in selecting features to balance on and is also computationally more efficient than kernel balancing, a kernel-based covariate balancing method. We demonstrate its performance through simulations and an empirical example. We develop an open-source R package, hbal, to facilitate implementation.
Predation risk effects on larval development and adult life of Aedes aegypti mosquito
Authors: Cozzer G. D. , Rezende R. de S. , Lara T. S. , Machado G. H. , Dal Magro J. , Albeny-Simões D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiological control is one of the methods available for control of Aedes aegypti populations. We used experimental microcosms to evaluate the effects of actual predation and predation risk by dragonfly larvae (Odonata) on larval development, adult longevity, and adult size of Ae. aegypti. We used six treatments: control, removal, variable density cues (Cues VD), fixed density cues (Cues FD), variable density predator (Predator VD), and fixed density predator (Predator FD) (n = 5 each). Predator treatments received one dragonfly larva. Cue treatments were composed of crushed Ae. aegypti larvae released into the microcosm. For the FD treatments, we maintained a larval density of 200 individuals. The average mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae in the Predator VD treatment was used as the standard mortality for the other treatments. Mosquitoes from the Predator VD and Cues VD treatments developed faster, and adults were larger and had greater longevity compared to all other treatments, likely due to the higher food availability from larval density reduction. High larval density negatively affected larval developmental time, adult size, and longevity. Males were less sensitive to density-dependent effects. Results from this study suggest that the presence of predators may lead to the emergence of adult mosquitoes with greater fitness, causing an overall positive effect on Ae. aegypti population growth rates.
Revisiting closed asymptotic couples
Authors: Aschenbrenner Matthias , van den Dries Lou , van der Hoeven Joris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEvery discrete definable subset of a closed asymptotic couple with ordered scalar field ${\boldsymbol {k}}$ is shown to be contained in a finite-dimensional ${\boldsymbol {k}}$-linear subspace of that couple. It follows that the differential-valued field $\mathbb {T}$ of transseries induces more structure on its value group than what is definable in its asymptotic couple equipped with its scalar multiplication by real numbers, where this asymptotic couple is construed as a two-sorted structure with $\mathbb {R}$ as the underlying set for the second sort.
Frontal sinus obliteration with beta-tricalcium phosphate putty: case series with long-term radiological follow up
Authors: Moore P , Kam J K T , Castle-Kirszbaum M , Tan D , Wreghitt S , Lee S , Gonzalvo C A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesFrontal sinus obliteration is often performed using fat, autologous bone or a range of synthetic materials. This paper reports the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of frontal sinus obliteration using beta-tricalcium phosphate putty.MethodsA retrospective audit was performed of patients who underwent frontal sinus obliteration with beta-tricalcium phosphate putty. Patient-, disease- and procedure-related data were collected. Pre- and post-operative computed tomography scans were reviewed to assess bone integration.ResultsFour patients underwent frontal sinus obliteration using beta-tricalcium phosphate putty for treatment of a cerebrospinal leak, mucocele and recalcitrant frontal sinusitis. All patients had disease resolution, with no intra- or post-operative complications reported in the 16.5-month follow up. Post-operative computed tomography scans confirmed native bone obliteration of the frontonasal ducts in all patients.ConclusionBeta-tricalcium phosphate putty is a safe and effective option for bone obliteration of the frontal sinus in a range of pathologies, including cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Reasonable faith and reasonable fideism
Authors: Bishop John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhat is faith? And what makes faith reasonable, when it is so? I first defend approaching the question of faith and its reasonableness by starting from faith in the religious context. Next, I develop a ‘venture’ theory of a specific kind of faith of which religious – and specifically Christian – practical commitment to a whole worldview may be taken methodologically as a paradigm case. Then I consider the conditions under which faith-commitment of this general type may be reasonable. I suggest that faith-ventures of this kind are morally permissible only when they are made reasonably, with epistemic integrity. I consider the role an appeal to epistemic externalism may have in defending the epistemic integrity of venturing beyond (though not against) the available evidence. I advance a moderate fideist thesis (inspired by William James's ‘justification of faith’), and consider the debate between Jamesian fideists and evidentialists for whom epistemic integrity requires commitment to be made to truth-claims only to the extent supported by evidence for their truth.
The “Bloody Election” in Drohobycz: Violence, Urban Politics, and National Memory in an Imperial Borderland
Authors: Shanes Joshua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn 19 June 1911, dozens of Jews and Ukrainians were killed by the Austrian militia in Drohobycz at the command of the Jewish leader of the city, Jacob Feuerstein, to ensure the victory of the Jewish assimilationist candidate, aligned with the Polish elite, over the Zionist candidate. While dominating news at the time, reaching front pages around the globe, this event remains relatively unknown today even among specialists. This study for the first time explicates the history of this remarkable event while challenging the nationalist narratives that successfully shaped Jewish, Ukrainian, and Polish collective memory in its aftermath. It questions the extent of the role nationalism plays in violent political conflict, even in a seemingly hypernationalized environment, and demonstrates how nationalist rhetoric masks other motivations of actors. This microhistory builds on recent efforts to locate national indifference in the modern period, in the eye of the nationalist storm. At the same time, the success of nationalists to reframe this event in nationalist terms demonstrates how nationalism could shape historical memory and successfully push back against this indifference. The massacre demonstrates that nationalization was a gradual process, during which other identities persisted and other factors guided political events, while exposing how nationalist leaders paradoxically used such moments to obfuscate this reality and advance their own agendas.
Stability-constrained mobile manipulation planning on rough terrain
Authors: Song Jiazhi , Sharf Inna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a hierarchical framework that allows online point-to-point dynamic-stability-constrained optimal trajectory planning of a mobile manipulator robot working on rough terrain. First, the kinematics model of a mobile manipulator robot and the zero moment point stability measure are presented as theoretical background. Then, a sampling-based quasi-static planning algorithm modified for stability guarantee and traction optimization in continuous dynamic motion is presented along with a mathematical proof. The robot’s quasi-static path is then used as an initial guess to warm start a nonlinear optimal control solver which may otherwise have difficulties finding a solution to the stability-constrained formulation efficiently. The performance and computational efficiency of the framework are demonstrated through an application to a simulated timber harvesting mobile manipulator machine working on varying terrain. The results demonstrate feasibility of online trajectory planning on varying terrain while satisfying the dynamic stability constraint. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with existing methods are also presented.
The Evolution of Protest Repertoires in Hong Kong: Violent Tactics in the Anti-Extradition Bill Protests in 2019
Authors: Tang Thomas Yun-tong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Anti-Extradition Bill protests in 2019 culminated in an unprecedented level of violence that departed from the established peaceful social struggles in Hong Kong. This paper examines the evolution of protest repertoires by analysing the interactions between protesters and state actors on a local and global scale. A dataset is presented to show the type, frequency and distribution of tactics. This paper reveals that structural and cultural changes as well as activists’ cognitive, affective and relational transformations at the micro- and meso-levels were pertinent to tactical radicalization. Cognitively, militant tactics were pragmatic responses to state-sponsored violence and police violence. They were also the affective outcomes of grief and anger. These processes were intertwined with the relational dynamics that advocated horizontal mobilization and that shaped, and were shaped by, the political-economic interactions between China and the West. The result was an extensive use of violent tactics alongside innovations in non-violent tactics.
Adapting the Namaste Care Program for Use with Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Moderate to Advanced Dementia: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Yous Marie-Lee , Ploeg Jenny , Kaasalainen Sharon , McAiney Carrie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFamily/friend caregivers are highly involved in supporting older adults with dementia who are 65 years of age or older with daily activities, especially when these older adults with dementia are living at home. There is a need for psychosocial interventions for caregivers of older adults with moderate to advanced dementia, as most interventions focus on persons at earlier stages. Namaste Care is a psychosocial, multisensory program intended to enhance quality of life for people with advanced dementia and their caregivers; however, it has not yet been adapted for use in a home setting. In this study, caregivers collaborated in adapting Namaste Care during workshops so that it could be delivered by caregivers of older adults with moderate to advanced dementia at home. Key findings were that Namaste Care resonated with the daily activities of caregivers, but that the intervention required modifications to ensure that it could be tailored to the needs and realities of caregivers and persons with dementia.
Altmetric score, reads, and citations in paediatric cardiology: do they correlate and what do they mean?
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Villarreal Enrique G. , Patel Riddhi D. , Santos-Cantu Daniela , Alanis-Garza Cordelia , Flores Saul , Farias Juan S. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction:The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Altmetric score, number of reads, and citations for paediatric cardiology manuscripts correlate with one another. A secondary objective was to determine the extent to which factors mediated citation number for paediatric cardiology manuscripts.Methods:Data for this study came from manuscripts published in Cardiology in the Young (2010–2021). Data were extracted by using data shared on the journal website. Spearman’s correlation analyses were conducted between manuscript reads, citations, and Altmetric score. Regression analyses were conducted with number of citations as the dependent variable and year of publication, publication type, number of reads, and Altmetric score as independent variables.Results:A total of 2642 manuscripts were included in the final analyses. Reads and citations had poor correlation (r-value 0.32); reads and Altmetric score had negligible correlation (r-value 0.26); and Altmetric score and citations had negligible correlation (r-value 0.07). Year of publication was independently associated with number of citations (β –0.95, p-value <0.01). Manuscript type was independently associated with number of citations (β 1.04, p-value <0.01). Number of reads was independently associated with citations (β 0.01, p-value <0.01). Altmetric score was independently associated with number of citations (β 0.05, p-value <0.01).Conclusion:This study describes the correlation of reads, citations, and Altmetric score in manuscripts published in Cardiology in the Young, demonstrating poor correlation, at best, between these metrics. Each bibliometric index seems to represent a different phenomenon of manuscript consumption. No single bibliometric index in isolation offers ample representation of manuscript consumption.
When Are Gender Quotas Fulfilled? Party Strategy and Historical Memory in Ukrainian City Elections
Authors: Thames Frank C. , Bloom Stephen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany studies have investigated why countries adopt gender quotas for their elections. In this article, we answer a different question: why do political parties comply with gender quotas when the costs of noncompliance are absent or minimal? To answer this question, we analyze data from 1,600 party lists and 106 parties competing across 121 cities in the 2015 municipal elections in Ukraine. Our subnational approach tests whether contextual factors flagged by the broader gender literature explain variation in compliance across localities. The results of our models support our contention that Ukrainian political parties behaved strategically in terms of nominations and quota compliance. We find that urbanization and female incumbency fueled quota compliance. Parties, however, were less likely to comply with quotas in cities with more Ukrainian speakers. We suggest that the politics of memory explain this outcome, as Ukrainian speakers are more likely to remember of the costs of Soviet rule.
Increased Global Vegetation Productivity Despite Rising Atmospheric Dryness Over the Last Two Decades
Authors: Song Yang , Jiao Wenzhe , Wang Jing , Wang Lixin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRising atmospheric dryness [vapor pressure deficit (VPD)] can limit photosynthesis and thus reduce vegetation productivity. Meanwhile, plants can benefit from global warming and the fertilization effect of carbon dioxide (CO2). There are growing interests to study climate change impacts on terrestrial vegetation. However, global vegetation productivity responses to recent climate and CO2 trends remain to be fully understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the relative impacts of VPD, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentration on global vegetation productivity over the last two decades using a robust ensemble of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and gross primary productivity (GPP) data. We document a significant increase in global vegetation productivity with rising VPD, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentration over this period. For global SIF (or GPP), the decrease due to rising VPD was comparable to the increase due to warming but far less than the increase due to elevated CO2 concentration. We found that rising VPD counteracted only a small proportion (approximately 8.1%–15.0%) of the warming and CO2‐induced increase in global SIF (or GPP). Despite the sharp rise in atmospheric dryness imposing a negative impact on plants, the warming and CO2 fertilization effects contributed to a persistent and widespread increase in vegetation productivity over the majority (approximately 66.5%–72.2%) of the globally vegetated areas. Overall, our findings provide a quantitative and comprehensive attribution of rising atmospheric dryness on global vegetation productivity under concurrent climate warming and CO2 increasing.
Bridging Spatiotemporal Scales of Normal Fault Growth During Continental Extension Using High‐Resolution 3D Numerical Models
Authors: Pan Sophie , Naliboff John , Bell Rebecca , Jackson Chris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContinental extension is accommodated by the development of kilometer‐scale normal faults, which grow during meter‐scale slip events that occur over millions of years. However, reconstructing the entire lifespan of a fault remains challenging due to a lack of observational data with spatiotemporal scales that span the early stage (<106 yrs) of fault growth. Using three‐dimensional numerical simulations of continental extension and novel methods for extracting the locations of faults, we quantitatively examine the key factors controlling the growth of rift‐scale fault networks over 104–106 yrs. Early formed faults (<100 kyrs from initiation) exhibit scaling ratios consistent with those characterizing individual earthquake ruptures, before evolving to be geometrically and kinematically similar to more mature structures developed in natural fault networks. Whereas finite fault lengths are rapidly established (<100 kyrs), active deformation is transient, migrating both along‐ and across‐strike. Competing stress interactions determine the distribution of active strain, which oscillates between being distributed and localized. Higher rates of extension (10 mm yr−1) lead to more prominent stress redistributions through time, promoting episodic localized slip events. Our findings demonstrate that normal fault growth and the related occurrence of cumulative slip is more complex than that currently inferred from displacement patterns on now‐inactive structures, which only provide a space‐ and time‐averaged picture of fault kinematics and related seismic hazard.
Differentiating Fissure‐Fed Lava Flow Types and Facies Using RADAR and LiDAR: An Example From the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Lava Flow‐Field
Authors: Tolometti G. D. , Neish C. D. , Hamilton C. W. , Osinski G. R. , Kukko A. , Voigt J. R. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDistinguishing between lava types and facies using remote sensing data is important for interpreting the emplacement history of lava flow‐fields on Earth and other planetary bodies. Lava facies typically include a mixture of lava types and record the collective emplacement history of material preserved at a particular location. We seek to determine if lava facies in the 2014–2015 Holuhraun lava flow‐field are discernible using radar roughness analysis. Furthermore, we also seek to distinguish between lava types using high resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. We extracted circular polarization ratios (CPR) from the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar and cross‐polarization (VH/VV) data from the Sentinel‐1 satellite to analyze the surface roughness of three previously mapped lava facies: rubbly, spiny, and undifferentiated rubbly–spiny. Using the Kruskal‐Wallis test, we reveal that all but one pair of the facies are statistically separable. However, the populations overlap by 88%–89% for CPR and 64%–67% for VH/VV. Therefore, owing to large sample populations (n > 2 × 105), slight differences in radar data may be used to probabilistically infer the presence of a particular facies, but not directly map them. We also calculated the root‐mean‐square slope and Hurst exponents of five different lava types using LiDAR topography (5 cm/pixel). Our results show minute differences between most of the lava types, with the exception of the rubbly pāhoehoe, which is discernible at 1σ. In brief, the presence of “transitional” lava types (e.g., rubbly pāhoehoe) within fissure‐fed lava flow‐fields complicates remote sensing‐based mapping.
Experimental Radial Profiles of Early Time (<4 μs) Neutral and Ion Spectroscopic Signatures in Lightning‐Like Discharges
Authors: Passas‐Varo M. , Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J. , Sánchez J. , Kieu N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study presents experimental results for the radial and temporal variation of neutral and ion spectroscopic signatures emerging from the heated channel of lightning‐like discharges diagnosed with a high speed (900,000 fps) imaging spectrograph. Light emissions emanate from three regions: an inner core (up to ∼2 mm), an external sheath (up to ∼4 mm) featuring a sudden temperature increase, and further optical emissions forming a dim glow from 4 mm up to 16 mm. The optical emissions are initially (<1.11 μs) dominated by the N2 first positive system at 660.8 nm and by the N II ion line at 661.05 nm. Between 1.11 and 3.33 μs the optical emissions are dominated by Hα (656.3 nm) and O II ion (656.54 nm) lines. The N II ion line at 648.20 nm prevails in the outer dim glow region (9–12 mm) before 2.22 μs. Spectroscopic signals were used to experimentally derive the time dynamics of the electron density and electron/gas temperature radial profiles, which allowed the estimation of the early time overpressure pulse, electrical conductivity and concentrations of key molecular species (N2, NO, O2, OH, H2, N2O, NO2, HO2, O3, and H2O) along the radial axis of the heated air plasma channel. These populations were calculated from the overpressure pulse, assuming that they were produced from humid (50%) air under thermal equilibrium conditions. OH is found to be the second most abundant molecular species (after NO) directly generated by heated lightning‐like channels.