bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in inpatient medicine prescribing during COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Wang Millie Y. , Barclay Murray L. , Chin Paul K. L. , Doogue Matthew P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNew Zealand went into lockdown March 2020 successfully eliminating the circulation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) virus. During lockdown there were reduced rates of respiratory infections and hospital admission numbers were low. At the time, rumours of benefit and harm of medicines for COVID‐19 were widespread in the lay and medical media.AimTo describe changes in inpatient prescribing in an acute general medicine service during the New Zealand COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020.MethodsRates of prescribing of medicines during the 33 days of lockdown were compared with a 33‐day control period before lockdown. Prescriptions, patients and bed days were calculated from the hospital patient administration and electronic prescribing and administration systems.ResultsIn the general medicine service, acute admissions were 20% lower during lockdown (from 1216 pre‐lockdown to 974). There was a small decrease in the rate of prescriptions per patient (10.1 vs 10.4, P = 0.01) during lockdown, and the average length of stay was shorter (3.2 vs 3.6 days). Nebulised administration decreased by 75% (1.3% vs 5.3% of admissions) but unexpectedly there was no change in the prescribing rates of antibacterial medicines, e.g. amoxicillin (26% vs 26%). There were no changes in rates of prescribing of medicines being rumoured to potentially improve (e.g. hydroxychloroquine) or worsen (e.g. angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors) COVID‐19 outcomes.ConclusionsAcute medical admissions decreased 20% during lockdown for COVID‐19, with a proportional decrease in prescriptions. Reduced rates of respiratory tract infections did not lead to decreased prescribing of antibacterial medicines. Rumour‐based prescribing did not eventuate.
Determination of dental caries, molar–incisor hypomineralization, and oral health‐related quality of life in schoolchildren: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: de Barros Laíssa Viegas Cardoso , Vale Miriam Pimenta , Tourino Luciana Fonseca Pádua Gonçalves , Bittencourt Jéssica Madeira , Bendo Cristiane Baccin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome oral conditions can have psychosocial consequences that affect children's daily life and well‐being.AimTo create a structural model for the determination of dental caries, molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH), and the impact of these conditions and socioeconomic status on schoolchildren's oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).DesignA representative cross‐sectional study was conducted in Lavras, Brazil, with 1181 female and male schoolchildren 8–9 years of age. OHRQoL was measured using the Brazilian version of the CPQ8‐10. Clinical examinations were performed by a calibrated dentist for the diagnosis of dental caries (WHO) and MIH (EAPD). Parents/caregivers answered questionnaires addressing the child's medical history and socioeconomic status. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe model revealed that greater MIH severity (β = .874; p < .001) and worse socioeconomic status (β = −.060; p = .001) were associated with a greater number of teeth with caries experience. The higher the number of teeth with caries experience (β = .160; p = .007) and worse socioeconomic status (β = −.164; p < .001), the greater the negative impact on OHRQoL.ConclusionThe model created showed that dental caries and socioeconomic status had a direct negative impact on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren and MIH had an indirect impact mediated by the occurrence of caries experience.
The prevalence and characteristics of and the association between MIH and HSPM in South‐Western France
Authors: Estivals Julia , Fahd Caroline , Baillet Jeanne , Rouas Patrick , Manton David John , Garot Elsa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMolar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) involve qualitative structural developmental anomalies of tooth enamel, affecting the first permanent molars (FPM) and the second primary molars, respectively. This developmental anomaly of systemic origin has important consequences for oral health.AimTo determine the prevalence of MIH and HSPM in south‐western France and explore the distribution of hypomineralised lesions on permanent and primary molars.DesignAmongst 856 children (aged 7–9 years) in schools randomly selected by the Academy of Bordeaux (Ministry of Education), the FPM, permanent incisors and the second primary molars were examined by two examiners trained and calibrated for the diagnostic criteria for MIH and HSPM of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry.ResultsMolar–incisor hypomineralisation was present in 160 children (18.7%) and HSPM in 81 children (9.5%); 4.9% had both HSPM and MIH (42 of 856). Hypomineralised lesions were present in 1–4 FPM in affected individuals (mean = 2.4) and were distributed in an asymmetrical manner with widely varying severity at the tooth and individual level. A child with HSPM was more likely to have MIH than a child without HSPM (95% CI OR = 6.0 [3.7–9.7]; p < .0001).ConclusionMolar–incisor hypomineralisation and HSPM have three main asymmetrical characteristics: tooth location, severity of hypomineralisation and number of teeth affected.
Food insecurity and dental caries prevalence in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sabbagh Sedigheh , Mohammadi‐Nasrabadi Fatemeh , Ravaghi Vahid , Azadi Mood Kimia , Sarraf Shirazi Alireza , Abedi Abdol‐Samad , Noorollahian Homa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFood insecurity (FI) is associated with dietary practices, which can act as a risk factor for dental caries.AimThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between FI and dental caries prevalence in children and adolescents.DesignMEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, ISI web of knowledge, Cochrane, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database (up to April 19, 2022) as well as reference lists were searched. Eligible studies compared dental caries prevalence in food‐secure and food‐insecure individuals younger than 19 years. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was performed, and the pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated at 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsAmong the 1350 retrieved records, 10 cross‐sectional reports were selected for systematic review. Six studies involving 8631 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. More than half of the reports were published within the period 2019–2021. All studies except one were judged as low risk of bias. Overall, the prevalence of dental caries was greater among the food‐insecure children and adolescents (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.52–2.65, p < .001, I2: 73.5%). Similarly, all three categories of FI were significantly associated with caries experience (marginal FI: OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.56–2.27, p < .001, I2: 0.0%; low FI: OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.42–4.14, p = .001, I2: 74.4%; very low FI: OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.88–3.00, p < .001, I2: 0.0%).ConclusionThe results showed a significant association between FI status and dental caries in both childhood and adolescence; however, there was a lack of longitudinal studies for a better understanding of this association. Health policies leading to reduction in FI may also aim to reduce dental caries.
‘I cannot be missed yet’: A qualitative study of carers of family members with an intellectual disability about long‐term care planning during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Boeije Hennie , Leemrijse Chantal , Zonneveld Ellen , van Schelven Femke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamily carers of people with an intellectual disability sometimes need to transfer their caregiving tasks for example because of illness or ageing. We examined carers' experiences with long‐term care planning and the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on their intentions to engage in long‐term planning in the Netherlands.MethodTwenty‐five semi‐structured interviews with family carers of people with an intellectual disability were conducted and 169 answers to an open question were thematically analysed. Data collection took place at three timepoints during 2020 and 2021.ResultsFamily carers were recurrently concerned with long‐term care planning, especially with finding people to whom they can entrust their tasks. However, they perceived barriers in care planning. The COVID‐19 pandemic reinforced awareness of long‐term care planning and moved some to action.ConclusionsThe perceived urge to plan by family carers has grown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The current study provides valuable insights for stakeholders to support them in this.
Outcomes and atrial substrate analysis in patients with HIV undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Cheng Austin , Qiu Jessica , Barbhaiya Chirag , Garber Leonid , Holmes Douglas , Jankelson Lior , Kushnir Alexander , Knotts Robert , Bernstein Scott , Park David , Spinelli Michael , Chinitz Larry , Aizer Anthony 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients with HIV infection have increased risk of atrial fibrillation, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms and the utility of catheter ablation in this population are not well‐studied. We aimed to characterize outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation and left atrial substrate in patients with HIV.MethodsThe study was a retrospective propensity score‐matched analysis of patients with and without HIV undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. A search was performed in the electronic medical record for all patients with HIV who received initial atrial fibrillation ablation from 2011 to 2020. After calculating propensity scores for HIV, matching was performed with patients without HIV by using nearest‐neighbor matching without replacement in a 1:2 ratio. The primary outcome was freedom from atrial arrhythmia and secondary outcomes were freedom from atrial fibrillation, freedom from atrial tachycardia, and freedom from repeat ablation, compared by log‐rank analysis. The procedures of patients with HIV who underwent repeat ablation at our institution were further analyzed for etiology of recurrence. To further characterize the left atrial substrate, a subsequent case‐control analysis was then performed for a set of randomly chosen 10 patients with HIV matched with 10 without HIV to compare minimum and maximum voltage at nine pre‐specified regions of the left atrium.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients with HIV were identified. All were prescribed antiretroviral therapy at time of ablation. These patients were matched with 54 patients without HIV by propensity score. 86.4% of patients with HIV and 76.9% of controls were free of atrial fibrillation or atrial tachycardia at 1 year (p = .509). Log‐rank analysis showed no difference in freedom from atrial arrhythmia (p value .971), atrial fibrillation (p‐value .346), atrial tachycardia (p value .306), or repeat ablation (p value .401) after initial atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with HIV compared to patients without HIV. In patients with HIV with recurrent atrial fibrillation, the majority had pulmonary vein reconnection (67%). There were no significant differences in minimum or maximum voltage at any of the nine left atrial regions between the matched patients with and without HIV.ConclusionsAblation to treat atrial fibrillation in patients with HIV, but without overt AIDS is frequently successful therapy. The majority of patients with recurrence of atrial fibrillation had pulmonary vein reconnection, suggesting infrequent nonpulmonary vein substrate. In this population, the left atrial voltage in patients with HIV is similar to that of patients without HIV. These findings suggest that the pulmonary veins remain a critical component to the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation in patients with HIV.
The reuse of cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators: A convoluted history in an era of global health
Authors: Lemery Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFollowing the development of permanent transvenous cardiac pacing in the 1960s, the costs of pacemakers quickly led to their reuse in both developed countries and in low‐and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Legal, ethical, and industrial factors gradually resulted in the termination of reuse in developed countries. Without health care budgets to pay for costly pacemaker technologies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and other groups have provided support to physicians and hospitals treating patients with heart block in LMICs. Multiple other academic and private groups have also assisted such patients in LMICs. Pacemaker companies have provided physicians and hospitals with new devices (that have an expired package date or through charitable donations). Greater care of preparing and cleaning refurbished devices have demonstrated overwhelmingly the safety and effectiveness of reused devices. More recently, cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators have also been reused in patients in LMICs. While the globalization of noncommunicable diseases continues, patients with rhythm disorders in LMICs can no longer be left behind. While patients in developed countries only receive new devices to treat rhythm disorders, the practice of reused cardiac implantable electronic devices will expand in LMICs, until equal access to device technologies be made available to all.
Influence of hepatitis B virus on the prevalence of diabetes complications in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Xi‐yu , Zhou Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes and hepatitis B are both global problems. The influence of diabetes on complications and prognosis of hepatitis B has been widely studied. However, the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the prevalence of diabetes‐related complications is less documented and is uncertain.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study. We collected information from a large clinical database. A total of 1,090 Chinese inpatients with type 2 diabetes were included.ResultsThe participants were divided into two groups, including 135 patients with HBV infection and 955 patients without HBV infection. Patients with HBV infection were younger and had worse control of blood glucose than those without HBV infection. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetic ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis between the patients with HBV infection and the patients without HBV infection. The prevalence of macrovascular complications was 54.1% and 64.4% in diabetes patients complicated with HBV infection and without HBV infection, respectively. The P‐value was <0.05. However, through the logistic regression analysis, we found HBV infection was not an independent risk factor for macrovascular complications of diabetes.ConclusionThere was no significant correlation between the prevalence of macrovascular complications, microvascular complications of diabetes, diabetic ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis and HBV infection status.
Facial implant gingival level and thickness changes following maxillary anterior immediate tooth replacement with scarf‐connective tissue graft: A 4–13‐year retrospective study
Authors: Kan Joseph Y. K. , Yin Shi , Rungcharassaeng Kitichai , Zucchelli Giovanni , Urban Istvan , Lozada Jaime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveA scarf‐shaped connective tissue graft can be placed at the facial and proximal aspect of the peri‐implant soft tissue zone during immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) procedures in the esthetic zone to optimize implant esthetics without the need of flap reflection. This retrospective study evaluated soft tissue stability after scarf‐connective tissue graft (S‐CTG) in conjunction with IIPP procedures in the esthetic zone.Materials and MethodsPatients who received IIPP with S‐CTG with a minimum 1‐year follow‐up were evaluated. Mid‐facial gingival level (MFGL) change and mid‐facial gingival thickness (MFGT) change were measured and compared at the pre‐op (T0), IIPP + S‐CTG surgery (T1), follow up appointment with MFGT measurement (T2), and latest follow‐up appointment (T3). Implant success rate and graft necrosis were also recorded.ResultsA total of 22 IIPP and S‐CTG procedures in 20 patients were evaluated in the study. After a mean follow‐up of 8.2 years (3.9–13.4) (T3), all implants remained osseointegrated (22/22 [100%]), with statistically insignificant mean midfacial gingival level change of −0.19 mm (−1.5 to 0.8). Statistically significant difference in midfacial gingival thickness (MFGT) was noted (2.5 mm [1.8–3.5 mm]) after a mean follow‐up time (T2) of 2.3 years (1–8.6) when compared with MFGT at baseline (1.1 mm [0.6–1.3 mm]) (T1). Necrosis of S‐CTG during initial healing phase was noted in 9% (2/22) of the sites.ConclusionsWithin the confines of this study, scarf‐connective tissue graft at time of immediate implant placement and provisionalization can thicken the gingiva and maintain the gingival level at the critical soft tissue zone.Clinical SignificanceManaging the soft tissue zone is as important as that of the hard tissue zone for peri‐implant esthetics. Connective tissue graft is one of the methods that can enhance the final esthetic outcomes. This retrospective study has demonstrated that Scarf‐CTG technique is an effective treatment modality to maintain soft tissue stability.
The association between socioeconomic status and use of potentially inappropriate medications in older adults
Authors: Hwang Jimin , Lyu Beini , Ballew Shoshana , Coresh Josef , Grams Morgan E. , Couper David , Lutsey Pamela , Shin Jung‐Im 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPotentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use is an important public health problem, particularly among older adults who may need multiple pharmacologic therapies for various chronic conditions. As socioeconomic status (SES) affects the quality of healthcare that individuals receive, SES may be associated with the use of PIM in older adults. This study aimed to determine whether low SES is associated with increased use of PIM.MethodsWe studied 4927 participants (aged 66–90 years) who were on at least one medication at visit five (2011–2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. We created a cumulative SES score categorized as high (7–9), middle (3–6), and low (0–2) based on education, income, and area deprivation index. We use multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between SES and use of two or more PIM for older adults, defined by the 2019 Beers Criteria.ResultsA total of 31.0% and 6.9% of the participants used one or more PIM and two or more PIM, respectively. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and insurance type, low cumulative SES score was associated with significantly greater use of two or more PIM (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–2.86]), as was middle cumulative SES score (OR = 1.40 [95% CI 1.06–1.83]), compared to high cumulative SES score. The results remained significant after further adjusting for comorbidities and medication burden for low cumulative SES score (OR = 1.66 [95%CI 1.02–2.71]).ConclusionsWe found that lower SES was associated with greater use of PIM among older adults independent of their medication burden and comorbidities, suggesting socioeconomic disparities in quality of medication management. Focused efforts targeting older adults with low SES to reduce PIM use may be needed to prevent adverse drug events.
An OsPRMT5‐OsAGO2/miR1875‐OsHXK1 module regulates rice immunity to blast disease
Authors: Sheng Cong , Li Xuan , Xia Shengge , Zhang Yimai , Yu Ze , Tang Cheng , Xu Le , Wang Zhaoyun , Zhang Xin , Zhou Tong , Nie Pingping , Baig Ayesha , Niu Dongdong , Zhao Hongwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRice ARGONAUTE2 (OsAGO2) is a core component of the rice RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC), which is repressed by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) infection. Whether and how OsAGO2‐mediated gene silencing plays a role in rice blast resistance and which sRNAs participate in this process are unknown. Our results indicate that OsAGO2 is a key immune player that manipulates rice defense responses against blast disease. OsAGO2 associates with the 24‐nt miR1875 and binds to the promoter region of HEXOKINASE1 (OsHXK1), which causes DNA methylation and leads to gene silencing. Our multiple genetic evidence showed that, without M. oryzae infection, OsAGO2/miR1875 RISC promoted OsHXK1 promoter DNA methylation and OsHXK1 silencing; after M. oryzae infection, the reduced OsAGO2/miR1875 led to a relatively activated OsHXK1 expression. OsHXK1 acts as a positive regulator of blast disease resistance that OsHXK1‐OE rice exhibited enhanced resistance, whereas Cas9‐Oshxk1 rice showed reduced resistance against M. oryzae infection. OsHXK1 may function through its sugar sensor activity as glucose induced defense‐related gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Nipponbare and OsHXK1‐OE but not in Cas9‐Oshxk1 rice. OsAGO2 itself is delicately regulated by OsPRMT5, which senses M. oryzae infection and attenuates OsAGO2‐mediated gene silencing through OsAGO2 arginine methylation. Our study reveals an OsPRMT5‐OsAGO2/miR1875‐OsHXK1 regulatory module that fine tunes the rice defense response to blast disease.
Reciprocal inhibition of expression between RAV1 and BES1 modulates plant growth and development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Dami , Shin Hyun‐young , Kang Hyun Kyung , Shang Yun , Park So Young , Jeong Dong‐Hoon , Nam Kyoung Hee 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTRAV1 (Related to ABI3/VP1) is a plant‐specific B3 and AP2 domain‐containing transcription factor that acts as a negative regulator of growth in many plant species. The expression of RAV1 is downregulated by brassinosteroids (BRs); large‐scale transcriptome analyses have shown that the expression of RAV1 was previously targeted by BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESOR1 (BES1) and BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT1 (BZR1), which are critical transcription factors for the BR‐signaling process. Using RAV1‐overexpressing transgenic plants, we showed that RAV1 overexpression reduced the BR signaling capacity, resulting in the downregulation of BR biosynthetic genes and BES1 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BES1, not BZR1, is directly bound to the RAV1 promoter and repressed RAV1 expression, and vice versa; RAV1 is also bound to the BES1 promoter and repressed BES1 expression. This mutual inhibition was specific to RAV1 and BES1 because RAV1 exhibited binding activity to the BZR1 promoter but did not repress BZR1 expression. We observed that constitutively activated BR signaling phenotypes in bes1‐D were attenuated by the repression of endogenous BES1 expression in transgenic bes1‐D plants overexpressing RAV1. RNA‐sequencing analysis of RAV1‐overexpressing transgenic plants and bes1‐D mutant plants revealed differentially expressed genes by RAV1 and BES1 and genes that were oppositely co‐regulated by RAV1 and BES1. RAV1 and BES1 regulated different transcriptomes but co‐regulated a specific set of genes responsible for the balance between growth and defense. These results suggested that the mutual inhibitory transcriptional activities of RAV1 and BES1 provide fine regulatory mechanisms for plant growth and development.