bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter estimation in high‐intensity focused ultrasound therapy
Authors: de los Ríos Cardenas Laura , Bermeo Varon Leonardo A. , de Albuquerque Pereira Wagner Coelho 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHyperthermia using High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an acoustic therapy for cancer treatment. This technique consists of an increase in the temperature field of the tumor to achieve coagulative necrosis and immediate cell death. Therefore, for having a successful treatment, the physical problem requires to know several properties due to the high variability from individual to individual, or even for the same individual under different physiological conditions. This article presents a numerical simulation of hyperthermia therapy for cancer treatment using HIFU, as well as the estimation of parameters that influence the physical problem. Two mathematical models were considered to solve the forward problem. The acoustic model based on acoustic pressure performs a frequency‐domain study, and the bioheat transfer model a time‐dependent study. These models were solved using Comsol Multiphysics® software in a 2D‐axisymmetric rectangular domain to determine the temperature field. Parameter estimation was coded in Matlab Mathworks® environment using a Bayesian approach. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method by the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm was implemented, and the simulated temperature measurements were considered. Results suggest that specific HIFU therapy can be performed for each patient by estimating appropriate parameters for cancer treatment and provides the possibility to define procedures before and during the treatment.
Outliers and their distribution in breeding populations
Authors: Bernardo Rex 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOutliers with highly superior performance are valuable in plant breeding, but their distribution in populations has not been well‐studied. My objectives were to determine (a) if outliers behave in a predictable manner; (b) if they are distributed according to a normal distribution as is assumed for quantitative traits; and (c) which parental characteristics are indicative of the best chances of getting progeny with extreme performance. All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software. Ten million lines were simulated within each cross for a total of 1.05 billion lines. Within each biparental population, recombinant inbreds in the top 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01% tails had a continuous distribution, indicating that outliers behave in a predictable manner but are rare in practice only because the population sizes used in breeding are small. Having a finite number of loci led to slight kurtosis, which caused a minor upward bias when the usefulness criterion was applied to the extreme upper tails. The midparent value was an excellent indicator of which biparental crosses had high upper‐tail means, to the extent that modeling the genetic variance within each biparental population had little added benefit. In the simulations, selection for protein concentration and Fusarium (F. graminearum) head blight resistance decreased the gains for yield and changed the biparental population that led to the highest yield gains. Results indicated that having one very large breeding population in a select‐only scheme is inferior to two or more select‐and‐recombine cycles with smaller populations.
Implementation of artificial intelligence in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Nagao Sayaka , Tani Yasuhiro , Shibata Junichi , Tsuji Yosuke , Tada Tomohiro , Ishihara Ryu , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning has significantly expanded in the field of esophagogastric endoscopy. Recent studies have shown promising results in detecting and differentiating early gastric cancer using AI tools built using white light, magnified, or image‐enhanced endoscopic images. Some studies have reported the use of AI tools to predict the depth of early gastric cancer based on endoscopic images. Similarly, studies based on using AI for detecting early esophageal cancer have also been reported, with an accuracy comparable to that of endoscopy specialists. Moreover, an AI system, developed to diagnose pharyngeal cancer, has shown promising performance with high sensitivity. These reports suggest that, if introduced for regular use in clinical settings, AI systems can significantly reduce the burden on physicians. This review summarizes the current status of AI applications in the upper gastrointestinal tract and presents directions for clinical practice implementation and future research.
Infant ultrasonic vocalizations predict adolescent social behavior in rats: Effects of early life adversity
Authors: Granata Lauren E. , Valentine Alissa , Hirsch Jason L. , Brenhouse Heather C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly life adversity (ELA) increases risk for psychopathologies that often manifest during adolescence and involve disrupted social functioning. ELA affects development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which plays a role in social behavior. PFC oxytocin and vasopressin are important regulators of, first, mother–infant attachment, and, later, social behavior, and are implicated in psychiatric disorders. Here, we tested whether infant social communication is predictive of PFC development and adolescent social behavior. We used the limited bedding (LB) ELA model in rats during postnatal days (P)2–14, and measured isolation‐induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) at P10 to characterize differences in an early social response. Rats were tested for dyadic social interaction in adolescence (P34). Adolescent oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) and arginine‐vasopressin receptor 1a mRNA were measured in the PFC. Relationships between infant USVs, adolescent behavior, and gene expression were assessed. LB‐reared rats exhibited fewer USVs at P10. While social behaviors were not robustly affected by rearing, fewer total and complex‐type infant USVs predicted fewer interactions in adolescence. LB increased Oxtr in both sexes but Oxtr was not directly predicted by USVs. Findings support the use of USVs as indicators of differential early life experience in rodents, toward further characterization of early factors associated with vulnerability.
A systematic review of sociodemographic reporting and representation in eating disorder psychotherapy treatment trials in the United States
Authors: Burnette C. Blair , Luzier Jessica L. , Weisenmuller Chantel M. , Boutté Rachel L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) were once conceptualized as primarily affecting affluent, White women, a misconception that informed research and practice for many years. Abundant evidence now discredits this stereotype, but it is unclear if prevailing “evidence‐based” treatments have been evaluated in samples representative of the diversity of individuals affected by EDs. Our goal was to evaluate the reporting, inclusion, and analysis of sociodemographic variables in ED psychotherapeutic treatment randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the US through 2020.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of ED psychotherapeutic treatment RCTs in the US and examined the reporting and inclusion of gender identity, age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status (SES) of enrolled participants, as well as recruitment methods, power analyses, and discussion of limitations and generalizability.ResultsOur search yielded 58 studies meeting inclusion criteria dating back to 1985. Reporting was at times incomplete, absent, or centered on the racial/gender majority group. No studies reported gender diverse participants, and men and people of color were underrepresented generally, with differences noted across diagnoses. A minority of papers considered sociodemographic variables in analyses or acknowledged limitations related to sample characteristics. Some progress was made across the decades, with studies increasingly providing full racial and ethnic data, and more men included over time. Although racial and ethnic diversity improved somewhat, progress appeared to stall in the last decade.DiscussionWe summarize findings, consider context and challenges for RCT researchers, and offer suggestions for researchers, journal editors, and reviewers on improving representation, reporting, and analytic practices.Public SignificanceRandomized controlled trials of eating disorder psychotherapeutic treatment in the US are increasingly reporting full race/ethnicity data, but information on SES is inconsistent and sexual orientation absent. White women still comprise the overwhelming majority of participants, with few men and people of color, and no gender‐diverse individuals. Findings underscore the need to improve reporting and increase representation to ensure evidence‐based treatments are effective across and within diverse groups.
Potential for urban agriculture to support accessible and impactful undergraduate biology education
Authors: Kay Adam D. , Chapman Eric J. , Cheruiyot Jelagat D. , Lowery Sue , Singer Susan R. , Small Gaston , Stone Anne M. , Warthen Ray , Westbroek Wendy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActive learning in STEM education is essential for engaging the diverse pool of scholars needed to address pressing environmental and social challenges. However, active learning formats are difficult to scale and their incorporation into STEM teaching at U.S. universities varies widely. Here, we argue that urban agriculture as a theme can significantly increase active learning in undergraduate biology education by facilitating outdoor fieldwork and community‐engaged education. We begin by reviewing benefits of field courses and community engagement activities for undergraduate biology and discuss constraints to their broader implementation. We then describe how urban agriculture can connect biology concepts to pressing global changes, provide field research opportunities, and connect students to communities. Next, we assess the extent to which urban agriculture and related themes have already been incorporated into biology‐related programs in the United States using a review of major programs, reports on how campus gardens are used, and case studies from five higher education institutions (HEIs) engaging with this issue. We found that while field experiences are fairly common in major biology programs, community engagement opportunities are rare, and urban agriculture is almost nonexistent in course descriptions. We also found that many U.S. HEIs have campus gardens, but evidence suggests that they are rarely used in biology courses. Finally, case studies of five HEIs highlight innovative programming but also significant opportunities for further implementation. Together, our results suggest that urban agriculture is rarely incorporated into undergraduate biology in the United States, but there are significant prospects for doing so. We end with recommendations for integrating urban agriculture into undergraduate biology, including the development of campus gardens, research programs, community engagement partnerships, and collaborative networks. If done with care, this integration could help students make community contributions within required coursework, and help instructors feel a greater sense of accomplishment in an era of uncertainty.
Cardiac computed tomography‐derived myocardial tissue characterization after anthracycline treatment
Authors: Egashira Koichi , Sueta Daisuke , Kidoh Masafumi , Tomiguchi Mai , Oda Seitaro , Usuku Hiroki , Hidaka Kaori , Goto‐Yamaguchi Lisa , Sueta Aiko , Komorita Takashi , Oike Fumi , Fujisue Koichiro , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Hanatani Shinsuke , Takashio Seiji , Araki Satoshi , Matsushita Kenichi , Yamamoto Yutaka , Hirai Toshinori , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsUnderstanding cardiac function after anthracycline administration is very important from the perspective of preventing the onset of heart failure. Although cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiography are recognized as the ‘gold standard’ for detecting cardiotoxicity, they have many shortcomings. We aimed to investigate whether cardiac computed tomography (CCT) could replace these techniques, assessing serial changes in cardiac tissue characteristics as determined by CCT after anthracycline administration.Methods and resultsWe prospectively investigated 15 consecutive breast cancer patients who were scheduled to receive anthracycline therapy. We performed echocardiography and CCT before and 3, 6, and 12 months after anthracycline treatment. The mean cumulative administered anthracycline dose was 269.9 ± 14.6 mg/m2 (doxorubicin‐converted dose). Of the 15 enrolled patients who received anthracycline treatment for breast cancer, none met the definition of cardiotoxicity. The CCT‐derived extracellular volume fraction tended to continue to increase after anthracycline treatment and had relatively similar dynamics to the left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain as determined by echocardiography.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that CCT could provide adequate information about the characteristics of myocardial tissue after anthracycline administration. CCT may improve the understanding of cardiotoxicity by compensating for the weaknesses of echocardiography. This technique could be useful for understanding cardiac tissue characterization as a ‘one‐stop shop’ evaluation, providing new insight into cardiooncology.
Marker‐free vision‐based method for vibration measurements of RC structure under seismic vibration
Authors: Xin Cun , Wang Cunjun , Xu Zili , Qin Manqing , He Mengfu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe seismic vibration measurement of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is an important aspect of post‐disaster reconstruction. Unfortunately, the existing method of installing sensors on walls and columns is prohibitively expensive, and the measurement signals are prone to loss during seismic vibration. In this paper, a marker‐free measurement method based on the Lucas‐Kanade (L‐K) optical flow algorithm for vibration measurements of RC structures under seismic vibration has been developed. In addition, to improve the accuracy of L‐K optical flow in dealing with the RC structure under seismic vibration, a new approach for selecting the feature point that is used to solve the restrictions of manual marking, as well as an adaptive matched window strategy that uses different sizes of matched window along the motion to replace the fixed matched window in the original L‐K algorithm, are proposed. The precision of the proposed method is first validated by comparing it to the original L‐K optical flow algorithm. Then, compare its precision and efficiency to the existing vision‐based methods, including feature matching (FM) and digital image correlation (DIC). Finally, the behaviors of RC structures during seismic vibration, such as inter‐story drift, frequency, and strain, are investigated. The results show that, when compared to the original L‐K optical flow algorithm and other vision‐based methods, the proposed method can accurately and efficiently measure motion without spraying speckle or high contrast markers on the structure's surface, and it enables the rapid diagnosis of structures affected by earthquakes.
Optimum utilization of grid‐connected hybrid power system using hybrid particle swarm optimization/whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Oladepo Olatunde , Ajewole Titus O. , Awofolaju Tolulope T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNetwork management and optimization play a crucial role in integrating renewable energy sources on the distribution network. This paper presents the optimization of the grid‐connected photovoltaic/small hydropower hybrid power system using a hybrid particle swarm optimization‐whale optimization algorithm. The exploration strength of the particle swarm optimization is hybridized with the exploitation capability of the whale optimization algorithm for improved convergence, speed, and optimal network performance. The objective function is to minimize the feeder voltage deviation and power loss. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified on the standard 118—bus distribution system. The simulation is carried out with step changes in irradiation and loading conditions. The optimization result from the two hybridized algorithms is compared to its standalone form, simulated under the same conditions. The results show that the proposed method is superior in the optimal solution and convergence property. The results confirm the technique's contribution to improved network management and grid‐connected hybrid renewable power systems. It significantly reduced the voltage deviation by 62.58% on multiple locations of renewable sources. The voltage is achieved within the statutory range at all hours of the daily simulation. The technique is envisaged to be very useful in distribution network operators.
Allelic variants of a potato HEAT SHOCK COGNATE 70 gene confer improved tuber yield under a wide range of environmental conditions
Authors: Campbell Raymond , Ducreux Laurence , Cowan Graham , Young Vanessa , Chinoko Gift , Chitedze Gloria , Kwendani Stanley , Chiipanthenga Margaret , Bita Craita E. , Mwenye Obed , Were Hassan , Torrance Lesley , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Hancock Robert D. , Bryan Glenn J. , Taylor Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreviously, we developed and applied a glasshouse screen for potato tuber yield under heat stress and identified a candidate gene (HSc70) for heat tolerance by genetic analysis of a diploid potato population. Specific allelic variants were expressed at high levels on exposure to moderately elevated temperature due to variations in gene promoter sequence.In this study, we aimed to confirm the results from the glasshouse screen in field trials conducted over several seasons and locations including those in Kenya, Malawi and the UK. We extend our understanding of the HSc70 gene and demonstrate that expression level of HSc70 correlates with tolerance to heat stress in a wide range of wild potato relatives. The physiological basis of the protective effect of HSc70 was explored and we show that genotypes carrying the highly expressed HSc70 A2 allele are protected against photooxidative damage to PSII induced by abiotic stresses. Overall, we show the potential of HSc70 alleles for breeding resilient potato genotypes for multiple environments.
Nonintrusive reduced‐order modeling approach for parametrized unsteady flow and heat transfer problems
Authors: Hua Jinsong , Sørheim Einar Arne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel nonintrusive reduced‐order modeling approach is proposed for parametrized unsteady flow and heat transfer problems. A set of reduced basis functions are extracted via a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method from a collection of high‐fidelity numerical solutions (snapshots of spatial distribution at a series of time steps) that are computed for properly chosen parameters (e.g., material property, initial/boundary conditions) using a full‐order model (finite‐volume/finite‐element methods). Here, the time dimension is treated separately from other parameters, reflecting the dynamic features of the flow problems. Dynamic mode decomposition is used to decompose the time‐resolved data (POD coefficients) into dynamics modes and reconstruct/predict the dynamic evolution of the flow systems. The POD coefficients at every time step under the condition of a set of parameters are approximated through interpolation with the radial basis function method from those obtained from the snapshots of the chosen parameter space. Hence, the POD coefficients at a set of given time and parameters can be approximated, and the spatial distribution of the solution data can be reconstructed. The current reduced‐order model has been applied to the problems governed by a set of parametrized unsteady Navier–Stokes and heat conduction equations. The model capability has been illustrated numerically by three numerical test cases: flow past a cylinder, melt solidification, and dam break. The model prediction capabilities have been evaluated by varying the material properties (viscosity and density) and the heat transfer conditions on some of the boundaries. An error analysis is also carried out to show the model prediction accuracy.
A one‐step simplified lattice Boltzmann method without evolution of distribution functions
Authors: Qin Shenglei , Yang Liuming , Hou Guoxiang , Gao Yuan , Guo Wenqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, a simplified lattice Boltzmann method without evolution of distribution functions was developed. This method adopts the predictor‐corrector scheme to evolve the macroscopic variables. Unlike the original simplified method, we develop a one‐step scheme based on the resultant governing equations given by the Chapman–Enskog expansion analysis of the lattice Boltzmann equation. The proposed method abandons the predictor‐corrector scheme and only needs one step to solve the governing equations without additional intermediate implementation. As a result, the computational efficiency can be improved. In addition, the theoretical analysis demonstrates that the present method has second‐order of accuracy. To treat the boundary, the second‐order approximations for equilibrium distribution functions are employed. To validate the proposed one‐step method, several cases including the Poiseuille flow, the Womersley flow, the Taylor‐Green vortex flow, and the lid‐driven cavity flow are simulated. The numerical results agree with the analytical solutions or the reference data. And the second‐order of accuracy is ensured. Moreover, simulations also suggest that our method has good performances on the numerical stability and the computational efficiency. And the improved efficiency is no less than in our tests.
A finite volume coupled level set and volume of fluid method with a mass conservation step for simulating two‐phase flows
Authors: Lyras Konstantinos G. , Lee Jack 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents a finite volume method for simulating two‐phase flows using a level set approach coupled with volume of fluid method capable of simulating sharp fluid interfaces. The efficiency of the method is a result of the fact that the interface is calculated in order to satisfy mass conservation with no explicit interface reconstruction step and the mass fluxes across cell‐faces are corrected to respect the recovered volume fraction. The mass‐conservation correction step proposed here, is utilized using an iterative algorithm which solves a reaction‐diffusion equation for the mass correction of the level set. The re‐sharpened volume fraction is used for the new volumetric fluxes at each cell which are calculated through the proposed algorithm that guarantees that they satisfy mass conservation. The algorithm is not limited in representing the interface with the 0.5‐contour and is applicable for arbitrary polyhedral cells. Good accuracy and mass conservation are achieved when compared to other conservative approaches.