bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method for small and unbalanced sample pattern recognition of gas insulated switchgear partial discharge using an auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network
Authors: Jing Qianzhen , Yan Jing , Wang Yanxin , Ye Xinyu , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) partial discharge (PD) pattern recognition due to their powerful feature extraction ability. However, there is commonly a scarcity of fault samples due to low insulation failure rate of GIS equipment, which degrades the diagnostic performance of these CNN networks when directly applied to small and unbalanced datasets. Therefore, we propose a novel auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network for GIS PD pattern recognition for small and unbalanced samples. First, we propose using synchrosqueezed wavelet transform to extract time‐frequency characteristics of PD pulses and obtain a time‐frequency image with high energy aggregation and time‐frequency distribution rate. Then, we propose an improved generative adversarial network with an auxiliary classier and self‐attention mechanism, which can generate high‐quality PD samples for situations with few classes. Experiments show that our proposed method can reach 95.75% recognition accuracy for small datasets, which is the highest among several comparable methods. Furthermore, the proposed method has excellent and stable recognition performance for various unbalanced datasets.
Direction of arrival estimation based on slope fitting of wideband array signal in fractional Fourier transform domain
Authors: Zhong Jun , Chen Tingting , Peng Fei , Bi Xiaowen , Chen Zhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraditional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation methods of wideband linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) highly depend on the peak value of LFM signal in the FRFT domain. However, the peak value can be affected by various factors, such as a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), a small number of snapshots, or the large incident angle of signals, which can lead to a decrease in DOA estimation accuracy. To tackle this problem, based on the energy‐concentrated property of LFM signal in the FRFT domain, the DOA estimation is accomplished by adopting the approach of slope fitting for the wideband array signal in the FRFT domain in this study. The method uses the correspondence between the peak position in the FRFT domain and the delay of the received signal on different uniform linear array elements. The least square method based on threshold outlier detection is used for slope fitting. Compared to conventional methods, the method of this study has high accuracy and relatively low complexity in the case of low SNR or large incident angle of the signal without relying on the peak value. The effectiveness of this method is verified by theoretical analysis and Monte‐Carlo simulations. The proposed method provides a new path for DOA estimation of LFM signal.
Spectroscopic detection of Altair’s non-radial pulsations
Authors: Rieutord Michel , Petit Pascal , Reese Daniel , Böhm Torsten , López Ariste Arturo , Mirouh Giovanni M. , Domiciano de Souza Armando 
Published: November 2022

Context. Rapid rotation is a common feature of early-type stars but remains a challenge for models. Nevertheless, we need to understand its effect on stellar evolution in order to interpret the observed properties of numerous stars.
Aims. We wish to provide more observational constraints on the properties of fast rotating stars, especially their oscillation modes.
Methods. We focus on the nearby star Altair which is known to be a very rapidly rotating star with an equatorial velocity recently estimated at 313 km s−1. We observed this star with the high-resolution spectropolarimeter Neo-Narval over six nights, with one night of interruption, in September 2020.
Results. We detect significant line profile variations on the mean line profile of the spectra. Their time-frequency analysis shows that these variations are induced by gravito-inertial waves propagating at Altair’s surface with azimuthal wavenumbers of the order m = 10 − 15. With a preliminary computation of the eigenspectrum using the most recent concordance model of Altair we carried out a first modelling of the observed waves.
Conclusions. Altair was known as the brightest δ Scuti star. We now see that it is the brightest hybrid oscillating star with gravito-inertial waves and acoustic waves being excited. Clearly, more observations and more advanced models are needed to explain the observations in greater details.
Vocal Folds Leukoplakia: The Efficacy of Vitamin A in the Initial Treatment
Authors: Botini Dayane Silvestre , Rodrigues Sergio Augusto , Castilho Gustavo Leão , Mercuri Gustavo , Martins Regina Helena Garcia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction Laryngeal leukoplakia corresponds to a white lesion in the mucosa developed by the deposit of keratin in the epithelium, potentiated by chronic smoking. It is considered a preneoplastic lesion. Surgery is the most adopted treatment; however, non-surgical treatment is advocated by some authors.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A in the management of vocal fold leukoplakia.
Methods Patients with videolaryngoscopy diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia were selected. The endoscopic images were photographed and with the aid of the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), the proportion of the size of the leukoplakia was calculated. Eligible patients were prescribed 50,000U of vitamin A, twice daily for 2 months, at which point videolaryngostroboscopy was repeated for comparative analysis between pre and posttreatment. The efficacy of the treatment was classified as: outcome I – complete improvement of the lesion, outcome II – partial improvement, and outcome III – no difference or increased lesion size.
Results Fifteen patients (eight women, seven men) were included, six of whom had bilateral lesions. Smoking was reported in 86.8% of patients. Complete improvement of the lesion was found in 7 cases (33.4%, outcome I), partial improvement in 6 (28.6%, outcome II), and worsening of the injury in 8 (38.1%, outcome III). Of the latter, 6 underwent microsurgery; histopathology indicated absence of dysplasia in 3, and mild dysplasia in 3.
Conclusions In this study, the treatment with vitamin A at a dose of 100,000 IU daily for 2 months was effective in reducing the laryngeal leukoplakia size in 62% of cases.
Investigating the effect of density variation on pitch angle scattering events of runaway electrons as observed through electron cyclotron emission diagnostic at Aditya-upgrade tokamak
Authors: Siju Varsha , Pandya Santosh P. , Pathak S. K. , Nagora Umesh , Purohit Shishir , Patel Ansh , Gupta M. K. , Tahiliani K. , Tanna R. L. , Jadeja Kumarpalsinh , Kumar Rohit , Ghosh J. 
Published: November 2022

Nascent observations about the influence of kinetic instabilities on electron cyclotron emission (ECE) from runaway electrons (REs) have been detected and explored at the Aditya-Upgrade (Aditya-U) tokamak. The developed broadband ECE radiometer system offers wideband measurements by integrating several radio frequency units with a fixed intermediate frequency receiver with multiple channels, which is a novel approach to meet the needs of the localized measurements at various toroidal fields and extend the system dynamic range. The low density (ne ≤ 1 × 10−19 m−3) plasma discharges at Aditya-U are consistently accompanied by a 20%–40% increase in the ECE radiometer signal amplitude within 100 µs and sporadic step-like modulations. The Pitch Angle Scattering (PAS) of REs induced by kinetic instabilities is a potential candidate for their occurrence. This steep jump in the radiometer signals was detected due to its high temporal resolution of 10 µs. A “PREDICT” code that employs the relativistic test particle model validates these experimental findings of the radiometer diagnostic for the first time for Aditya-U tokamak. Preliminary observations of the ECE radiometer signals also show that additional gas puffs can be used to vary the trigger timings of such PAS events or even lead to their complete avoidance.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporated with Adenia trilobata leaf extracts and its anti-bacterial application
Authors: Islam Md. Johurul , Kamaruzzaman  , Hossain Md. Forhad , Awal Md. Abdul , Rahman Md. Rezwanur , Alam M. M. 
Published: November 2022

Currently, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and simple synthesis techniques are drawing the attention of nanoparticle researchers. The conversion of silver ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is carried out using the Adenia trilobata leaf extract, which is capable of acting as an exclusive reducing agent. AgNPs show very crucial antibacterial properties and are nontoxic for humans. The color of the solution changes from light blue to brown, ensuring the formation on nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs are incorporated into cotton fiber, and their antibacterial activity on gram negative (E. coli) bacteria has been studied. The UV/Vis and absorption spectroscopy analysis shows a surface plasmon resonance peak at 445 nm. The x-ray diffraction measurement reveals peaks at 38.02 and 44.23, and the average particle size is 18.30 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy has been performed to find the size, shape, and morphology of the treated nanoparticles and the AgNP-incorporated cotton fiber. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy result shows the presence of functional groups of AgNPs and capping agents. The antibacterial activity on gram negative (E. coli) bacterial strains for the both cases showed a promising result.
Resolved-sideband micromotion sensing in Yb+ on the 935 nm repump transition
Authors: Goham Connor J. B. , Britton Joseph W. 
Published: November 2022

Ions displaced from the potential minimum in an RF Paul trap exhibit excess micromotion. A host of well-established techniques are routinely used to sense (and null) this excessive motion in applications ranging from quantum computing to atomic clocks. The rich atomic structure of Yb+, a heavy ion, includes low-lying 2D3/2 states that must be repumped to permit Doppler cooling, typically using a 935 nm laser coupled to the 3D[3/2]1/2 states. In this article, we demonstrate the use of this transition to make resolved-sideband measurements of 3D micromotion in 172Yb+ and 171Yb+ ions. Relative to other sensing techniques, our approach has very low technical overhead and is distinctively compatible with surface-electrode ion traps.
Closing a biogeographic gap: a new pettalid genus from South Australia (Arachnida : Opiliones : Cyphophthalmi : Pettalidae) with a UCE-based phylogeny of Cyphophthalmi
Authors: Giribet Gonzalo , Shaw Matthew , Lord Arianna , Derkarabetian Shahan 
Published: November 2022

Pettalidae is a family of mite harvestmen that inhabits the former circum-Antarctic Gondwanan terranes, including southern South America, South Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Australia and New Zealand. Australia is home to two pettalid genera, Austropurcellia, in northern New South Wales and Queensland, and Karripurcellia, in Western Australia, until now showing a large distributional gap between these two parts of the Australian continent. Here we report specimens of a new pettalid from South Australia, Archaeopurcellia eureka, gen. et sp. nov., closing this distributional gap of Australian pettalids. Phylogenetic analyses using traditional Sanger markers as well as ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) reveal that the new genus is related to the Chilean Chileogovea, instead of any of the other East Gondwanan genera. This relationship of an Australian species to a South American clade can be explained by the Antarctic land bridge between these two terranes, a connection that was maintained with Australia until 45 Ma. The UCE dataset also shows the promise of using museum specimens to resolve relationships within Pettalidae and Cyphophthalmi. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B57A054-30D8-4412-99A2-6191CBD3BD7E
ER–endosome contacts master the ins and outs of secretory endosomes
Authors: Wenzel Eva Maria , Raiborg Camilla 
Published: November 2022

What defines whether an endosome follows the degradative pathway or fuses with the plasma membrane to release exosomes? In this issue of JCB, Fredrik Verweij and colleagues (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202112032) demonstrate how secretory endosomes are guided by ER–endosome contacts to take a cellular detour and several identity transitions for efficient exosome release.
Production of twisted particles in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Zou Liping , Zhang Pengming , Silenko Alexander J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA prevalence of production of twisted (vortex) particles in noncentral heavy-ion collisions is shown. In such collisions, photons emitted due to the rotation of charges are highly twisted. Charged particles are produced in nonspreading multiwave states and have significant orbital angular momenta. It can be expected that an emission of any twisted particles manifesting themselves in specific effects is rather ubiquitous.
Measurement of excitation functions for
nat
Cu(α, x) reactions with detailed covariance analysis
Authors: Choudhary Mahesh , Sharma Aman , Gandhi A , Singh Namrata , Dubey Punit , Upadhyay Mahima , Mishra Utkarsha , Dubey N K , Dasgupta S , Datta J , Katovsky K , Kumar A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The excitation functions of 66Ga, 67Ga, 65Zn and 64Cu radioisotopes produced via alpha-induced reaction on
nat
Cu were measured using a stacked foil activation method. The gamma-ray activity produced by the above mentioned radionuclides was measured using the HPGe detector. The covariance analysis was performed to quantify the measured cross-section uncertainties as well as the correlation between different alpha energy cross-sections. A covariance matrix and cross-sections for the
nat
Cu(α, x)66Ga,
nat
Cu(α, x)67Ga,
nat
Cu(α, x)65Zn and
nat
Cu(α, x)64Cu nuclear reactions in the projectile energy range of 15–37 MeV are reported in the present work. The measured reaction cross-sections are compared with the existing experimental data and theoretically simulated results from the TALYS code.
Amorphous Ni–Co binary hydroxide with super-long cycle life and ultrahigh rate capability as asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Hongbo , Zhou Xiaosong , Zhao Peng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ni–Co binary hydroxide (Ni
x
Co1−x
(OH)2) with nanostructure is prepared by one-step electrochemical deposition process with de-ionized water as electrolyte. The molar ratio of Ni/Co for Ni
x
Co1−x
(OH)2 can be accurately controlled via changing the composition of the alloy target. A series of typical hydroxides are synthesized with Ni/Co molar ratios of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, 6:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1. The electrochemical performances of Ni
x
Co1−x
(OH)2 exhibit remarkable improvement in rate capability and cycling stability compared to monometallic hydroxide. Electrochemical test results reveal that Ni4/5Co1/5(OH)2 delivers the maximum specific capacitance of 2425 F g−1, while Ni0.5Co0.5(OH)2 exhibits ultrahigh rate capability (a 14% capacity decrease after a 100-fold increase in scan rate and 7% capacity decrease after a 40-fold increase in current density) and super-long cycle life (no capacitance loss after 50 000 cycles). Especially, the Ni0.5Co0.5(OH)2//AC supercapacitor exhibits a super-long cycle life with a 2% capacitance loss after 100 000 cycles, which is quite better than that of crystalline devices.
A detector block-pairwise dead time correction method for improved quantitation with a dedicated BrainPET scanner
Authors: Issa Ahlam Said Mohamad , Scheins Jürgen , Tellmann Lutz , Lopez-Montes Alejandro , Herraiz Joaquin L , Brambilla Cláudia Régio , Herzog Hans , Neuner Irene , Jon Shah N , Lerche Christoph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
‘Objective. Dead time correction (DTC) is an important factor in ensuring accurate quantification in PET measurements. This is currently often achieved using a global DTC method, i.e., an average DTC factor is computed. For PET scanners designed to image dedicated organs, e.g., those used in brain imaging or positron emission mammography (PEM), a substantial amount of the administered radioactivity is located outside of the PET field-of-view (FOV). This activity contributes to the dead time (DT) of the scintillation detectors. Moreover, the count rates of the individual scintillation detectors are potentially very inhomogeneous due to the specific irradiation of each detector, especially for combined MR/PET systems, where radiation shields cannot be applied. Approach: We have developed a block-pairwise DTC method for our Siemens 3T MR BrainPET insert by extending a previously published method that uses the delayed random coincidence count rate to estimate the DT in the individual scans and planes (i.e., scintillation pixel rings). The method was validated in decay experiments using phantoms with a homogenous activity concentration and with and without out-of-FOV activity. Based on a three-compartment phantom, we compared the accuracy and noise properties of the block-pairwise DTC and the global DTC method. Main results. The currently used global DTC led to a substantial positive bias in regions with high activity; the block-pairwise DTC resulted in substantially less bias. The noise level for the block-pairwise DTC was comparable to the global DTC and image reconstructions without any DTC. Finally, we tested the block-pairwise DTC with a data set obtained from volunteer measurements using the mGluR5 (metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5) antagonist [11C]ABP688. When the relative differences in activity concentrations obtained with global DTC and block-pairwise DTC for the ACC and the cerebellum GM were compared, the ratios differed by a factor of up to 1.4 at the beginning—when the first injection is administered as a bolus with high radioactivity. Significance. In this work, global DTC was shown to have the potential to introduce quantification bias, while better quantitation accuracy was achieved with the presented block-pairwise DTC method. The method can be implemented in all systems that use the delayed window technique and is particulary expected to improve the quantiation accuracy of dedicated brain PET scanners due to their geometry.’
Transmission and multiple reflection mechanisms of guided streamers propagating through grounded annular electrode and interacting with grounded surface electrode
Authors: Decauchy H , Dufour T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The repeatable dynamics and the reversal propagation of guided streamers remains a major question of fundamental physics. In this article, trains of positive guided streamers are generated within an atmospheric pressure plasma jet supplied in helium and polarized by a high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator. The device is completed by two distant targets: a grounded annular electrode (GAEL) coaxially centered around the capillary through which guided streamers can propagate, and a grounded surface electrode (GSEL) on which they can interact. The resulting transmitted and multiple reflected guided streamers are measured combining optical characterization (fast intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) imaging) and electrical characterization (high voltage probe and current monitors). While the electrical approach provides information on the capacitive/conductive nature of the current peaks as well as on their positive/negative value, fast ICCD imaging distinguishes whether the guided streamers are incident, reflected or transmitted. Combining these two techniques allow us to demonstrate experimentally that the reflected streamers are negative contrarily to the others. Besides, four types of reflections have been highlighted: a reflection (r) at the outlet of the capillary, a reflection on the GSEL (R) and two reflections (r′ and r″) observed when an incident guided streamer passes through the GAEL. The two techniques agree that the characteristic propagation times are always shorter for reflected negative streamers than for the positive ones propagating forward. Hence, for a GAEL placed 3 cm away from the high voltage electrode, propagation time is 80 ns for reflection versus 250 ns for transmission. These characteristic propagation times are even shorter when the annular electrode is brought closer to the surface electrode with velocities typically higher than 300 km s−1. In addition, the intensity ratios of reflected/incident guided currents drop sharply, typically losing one decade over a counter-propagation length of only 3–5 cm. Finally, all these experimental data are utilized to build an equivalent electrical model that allow to better understand the dynamics of the guided streamers and explain their transmission and reflection modes upon their interaction with the two distant grounded electrodes.
Space-charge affected current flow: an analytical verification solution for kinetic and fluid simulation models
Authors: Lafleur T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Verification of numerical simulations is an important step in code development as it demonstrates the correctness of the code in solving the underlying physical model. Analytical solutions represent a strong tool in code verification, but due to the complexity of the fundamental equations, such solutions are often not always available. This is particularly true in the case of kinetic models. Here we present a family of fully analytical solutions describing current transmission between two electrodes and which apply to both fluid, and kinetic, descriptions of the system. The solutions account for the finite initial particle injection velocity and are valid for all injection currents between zero and the maximum at the space-charge limit. In addition to determining this space-charge limited current, spatial profiles of all physical quantities (such as the particle density and velocity) are also obtained at all injection currents. This provides a means to not only verify fluid and kinetic simulations, but also to assess the error and accuracy of the numerical simulation methods and parameters used. The analytical solutions extend the classical Child–Langmuir law (which only applies to the maximum transmissible current and an initial injection velocity equal to zero), and provide new insight into space-charge affected current flow.
Analyzing spectral properties and sensing performance of multi-single-multi mode fiber combination
Authors: Dey Koustav , Roy Sourabh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Here, we have executed a comprehensive investigation on the impact of the single-mode fiber (SMF) lengths on the sensing performance of multi-single-multi mode (MSM) fiber segment combination under different external parameters including temperature, strain and refractive index. An experimental setup is proposed to demonstrate the efficacy in measuring the aforementioned variables with larger sensitivity along with the resolution over the large dynamic range. In addition, different phenomenal characteristics namely fast Fourier transform, fringe visibility, and the free spectral range of the observed transmission spectrum have also been analyzed meticulously. The achieved results show that the sensitivities increase with an increase of the SMF length and are restricted to 12 cm length due to the superimposing and less resolution of the probing dips beyond this. The highest sensitivities of 133.25 pm °C−1, −3.41 pm με
−1 and −52.10 nm/RIU for temperature, strain and refractive index, respectively are achieved for the 12 cm length of the SMF which assures potential employment of the proposed sensor in various sensing applications.