bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic, Intestinal, and Cardiovascular Effects of Sotagliflozin Compared With Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Posch Maximilian G. , Walther Niklas , Ferrannini Ele , Powell David R. , Banks Phillip , Wason Suman , Dahmen Raphael 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
Inhibiting sodium–glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) improves glycemic and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the differential impact of selective SGLT2 inhibition and dual inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2 on multiple parameters.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using a double-blind, parallel-group design, we randomized 40 patients with T2D and hypertension to receive the dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitor sotagliflozin 400 mg or the selective SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin 25 mg, with preexisting antihypertensive treatment, for 8 weeks. In an in-house testing site, mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) and other laboratory and clinical evaluations were used to study metabolic, intestinal, cardiovascular, and urinary parameters over 24 h.

RESULTS
Changes from baseline in glycemic and blood pressure control; intestinal, urine, and metabolic parameters; and cardiovascular biomarkers were generally similar with sotagliflozin and empagliflozin. During the breakfast MMTT, sotagliflozin significantly reduced incremental area under the curve (AUC) values for postprandial glucose, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and significantly increased incremental AUCs for postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) relative to empagliflozin, consistent with sotagliflozin-mediated inhibition of intestinal SGLT1. These changes waned during lunch and dinner MMTTs. Both treatments significantly lowered GIP incremental AUCs relative to baseline over the 14 h MMTT interval; the most vigorous effect was seen with sotagliflozin soon after start of the first meal of the day. No serious or severe adverse events were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Changes from baseline in glycemic and blood pressure control, cardiovascular biomarkers, and other parameters were comparable between sotagliflozin and empagliflozin. However, sotagliflozin but not empagliflozin inhibited intestinal SGLT1 after breakfast as shown by larger changes in postprandial glucose, insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 AUCs, particularly after breakfast. Additional study is warranted to assess the clinical relevance of transient SGLT1 inhibition and differences in incretin responses (NCT03462069).
Using the Finite Element Method to Simulate a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Pressure Vessel
Authors: Antipas I. R. , Dyachenko A. G. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Over the past decade, global demand for pressure vessels has increased significantly, specifically in such industries as aviation, space, chemical, and oil and gas. Being under the constant impact of high internal pressure, the walls of the tanks are under increased stress, which can cause their sudden destruction. To eliminate this probability and improve the strength characteristics, the tanks are made in the form of metal cylinders with an internal coating of composite material consisting of resin reinforced with carbon fibers. This article aimed at studying the effect of the angle of inclination of carbon fiber on cylindrical tanks and determining the maximum destructive pressure using the finite element method of ANSYS program.Materials and Methods. Using the ANSYS program, a finite element model of a tank was created. It has a central part, which is a metal cylinder with an internal coating of composite material consisting of polymer reinforced with carbon fibers. At the ends of the tank, spiral wound hemispheres were placed. In these studies, SHELL 99 was used to model the layered composite material. The Tsai-Wu theory was used to determine the pressure tank failure criterion.Results. The cylindrical tank model was calculated for two types of fiber winding paths: annular and spiral, at different angles of their inclination. The results of the pressure value analysis for different fiber inclination angles showed that, starting from the angle value of 0° and up to 45°, it increased, and then, up to the angle value of 65°, it began to decrease. The critical pressure value for a carbon fiber reinforced tank was 207 MPa, which was obtained at a fiber angle of 45º.Discussion and Conclusion. Analysis of the studies showed that at a fiber inclination angle of 45º, the value of the maximum stress turned out to be the smallest, and the maximum possible destructive pressure at the same angle was 207 MPa. It follows, that the optimal fiber orientation angle to provide safe operation of the high-pressure tank is ± 45º, and the carbon fiber tank, calculated at the same fiber winding angle, has the maximum strength value.
Calculation of the force and kinematic parameters of the transfer mechanism based on a twisted arm chain
Authors: Bondarenko I. R. , Voloshkin A. A. , Perevuznik V. S. , Kovalev L. A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The paper presents a brief kinematic analysis, as well as the application of D'Alembert's principle to finding the relationship between the force parameters in the transmission mechanism of a robotic manipulator constructed from a twisted arm chain. The use of this transfer mechanism can enhance the life of the arm actuator, the accuracy of its positioning, and increase the workload compared to the flexible linkage actuators (twisted strings). The work aimed at obtaining dependences between the displacements of circuit elements, as well as their force parameters required to monitor the control system operation of these devices.Materials and Methods. In the course of solving the problem, an elementary segment (element) of the transmission chain was considered. To find the relationship between the loads in the element, the virtual displacement principle was used. When finding kinematic connections between displacements, a brief geometric analysis of the transmission chain element was carried out. To conduct a comparative analysis of the analytical dependences obtained, a simulation technique implemented on a graphical link model using the NX software package was applied.Results. In the course of the study, we obtained dependences for determining the magnitude of the moment developed on the input link, depending on the external workload and its rotation angle, as well as for defining the linear displacement of the output link. A simulation model of the actuator was constructed, which can be applied in the dynamic study of the actuator mechanism, taking into account the inertia of the links.Discussion and Conclusions. From the obtained analytical dependences, we determined the value of the angle of rotation of the input link of the mechanism element, at which the maximum torque value for a fixed workload on the output element was achieved, as well as the maximum linear displacement of the output link. The calculated values were in good agreement with similar values obtained from the results of the simulation experiment, which gave us the possibility of using analytical dependences in the formation of a robot control system. In addition, these dependences made it possible to provide the selection of actuators with the required force indicators.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Animasi Interaktif Melui Mobile Learning Berbasis Android Materi Sistem Koordinasi Manusia
Authors: Jajang Miharja jajang , Lestari Astri 
Published: July 2022

Berkembangnya teknologi informasi dan komunikasi android belum dimanfaatkan maksimal untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif melalui mobile learning berbasis android materi sistem kordinasi manusia. Metode penelitian menggunakan pengembangan Reasech & Development (R&D) dengan pendekatan model pengembangan ADDIE. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh rerata nilai validasi perangkat multi media untuk ahli media nilai rata-rata sebesar 3,88, ahli materi nilai rata-rata sebesar 4.28 dan ahli bahasa nilai rata-rata sebesar 3.79 dengan kategori valid. Hasil respon guru meliputi kedalaman materi, daya tarik media dan penggunaan bahasa didapatkan skor rata-rata sebesar 3.88 menunjukkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan. Hasil uji coba kemenarikan kelompok kecil kepada siswa dengan sampel 15 orang didapatkan rata-rata sebesar 4,28 dan uji kelompok besar dengan 40 siswa didapatkan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,04 yang artinya media sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran animasi interaktif melalui mobile learning berbasis android yang dikembangkanini layak dan siap diterapkan dalam pembelajaran materi sistem kordinasi manusia disekolah.
Rebusan Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) dalam Memperbaiki Gejala PPOK
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Sukarno Devitya A. , Mahmudah Rifaatul L. 
Published: July 2022

Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang utama dan berdampak pada peningkatan biaya kesehatan dan penurunan produktivitas. Jahe merah infus (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbaikan gejala PPOK dengan kuesioner CAT (COPD Assesment Test) dari terapi jahe merah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-post design pada bulan Mei-September 2021. Responden adalah pasien PPOK dewasa yang berdomisili di Kota Mojokerto. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur gejala PPOK dengan kuesioner CAT. Selanjutnya, terapi seduhan jahe merah dosis 250 gram selama 4 bulan diaplikasikan pada pasien. Analisis data untuk menguji efektifitas perbaikan gejala PPOK pada infusa jahe merah menggunakan uji-t. Responden penelitian sebanyak 21 orang. Rata-rata usia responden adalah 53,24 tahun. sebagian responden mengalami peningkatan nilai CAT setelah terapi jahe merah sebanyak 66,67%. Berdasarkan uji beda, menunjukkan nilai P=0,028 (P<0,05), yang membuktikan ada perbedaan signifikan antara nilai CAT sebelum dan setelah terapi jahe merah selama 4 minggu. Rebusan jahe merah selama 4 minggu efektif memperbaiki gejala harian PPOK dibandingkan sebelum terapi. Oleh karena itu, terapi jahe merah perlu mendapatkan perhatian karena mungkin dalam membantu terapi penyakit PPOK.
Plasma ascorbic acid, antioxidant capacity, and reactive oxygen species in healthy foals
Authors: Migliorisi Alessandro , Hart Kelsey , Vaughn Sarah , Austin Scott , Aldridge Brian , Wilkins Pamela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations, plasma antioxidant capacity (PAC) and markers of oxidative stress, as measured by derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), in healthy foals at birth and during the first month of life.

SAMPLES
Venous blood samples were collected from healthy Standardbred (n = 13) and Quarter Horse (n = 10) foals. Plasma AA, PAC, and dROMs were assessed at 3 to 12 hours, 3 days, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks of age.

PROCEDURES
AA was measured via high-performance liquid chromatography. PAC and dROMs were measured with a free radical analytical system. Comparisons of AA, PAC, and dROMs at different time points were assessed.

RESULTS
Mean ± standard deviation AA concentrations at 3 to 12 hours (44.7 ± 19.6 μmol/L; P ≤ .01), 1 (48.6 ± 22.5 μmol/L; P ≤ .001), and 2 weeks (41.8 ± 15.8 μmol/L; P ≤ .001) were higher than at 4 weeks of age (28.5 ± 12.7 μmol/L). Both PAC and dROMs significantly increased at different time points compared to 3 to 12 hours of age.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Healthy foals have higher plasma AA concentrations shortly after birth, which then gradually decrease throughout the first month of life, suggesting that AA may represent a key antioxidant in the postnatal period. The concurrent increase in PAC and dROMs suggests that dynamic development of oxidative balance occurs after birth in foals. Development of AA, PAC, and dROM reference ranges in healthy foals could be used to guide therapeutic interventions and monitor during disease states characterized by increased oxidative stress.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Sialic Acids Level in Breast Cancer Patients Attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, North-Western Nigeria: Preliminary investigations and Implications on Disease Subtypes, Grade and Chemotherapy Courses
Authors: Ibrahim Saadatu , Muhammad Aliyu , Mada Sanusi B. , Pase Abur P. , Ahmed Saad , Ibrahim Sani , Maru Abubakar A. , Forcados Gilead E. , Uche Ndidi S. , Abubakar Murtala 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Due to the challenges associated with breast cancer prognosis, this study examined sialic acid levels based on subtypes, grades and therapeutic courses among breast cancer patients presenting at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) in North-Western Nigeria between June 2019 and December 2020. This was a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic characteristics, total sialic acid (TSA), free sialic acid (FSA), bound sialic acid (BSA) and haematological parameters were determined. The mean age of the respondents was 47.46 ± 10.71 years, and the modal age range was 41-50 years. About 40% of the patients had triple-negative breast cancer subtype, and 83.1% had invasive carcinoma. There was an association between breast cancer grade and body mass index (χ2= 26.306, P= 0.001). The TSA, FSA and BSA concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer patients when compared to apparently healthy controls and were highest in stage IV patients. The TSA correlated with the third and sixth chemotherapy courses. Significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in PCV and Hb among the breast cancer patients irrespective of subtype compared to healthy control. The results suggest that TSA, FSA and BSA were higher in breast cancer patients, necessitating further research on their possible prognostic implications.
The effects of urbanisation on food security in Africa: An overview and synthesis of the literature
Authors: Ngcamu Bethuel Sibongiseni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The rapid and unplanned urbanisation in Africa has resulted in unprecedented and turbulent effects which include prolonged drought, massive floods, economic losses, increased food insecurity among small-scale and subsistence farmers and increased vulnerability because of rapid climate change. This has been exacerbated by the irrefutable fact that governments in Africa have been ill-prepared and incompetent to effectively deal with the adverse effects of increased urbanisation. In this light, in the overview of this literature study, the researcher set out to explore the theoretical underpinnings and empirical dimensions of the effects of urbanisation on food security in Africa. The study further captures, analyses, and synthesises the literature on best practice applied by governments in Africa in proactively responding to the effects of urbanisation on food security. Furthermore, patterns on the adverse effects of urbanisation relating to food security are unpacked from scholars, and various solutions investigated. This was achieved by rigorously reviewing eleven empirical and relevant journal which were selected from Google Scholar and ResearchGate. The interesting themes that emerged in this study include poor government interventions and decision-making processes, inadequate or absent land-use planning, and high incompetency levels among urban planners. This has led to environmental degradation and unsustainable food security as the result of prime agricultural land being used for infrastructure or housing developments. Solutions suggested for urban food insecurity include public–private partnerships, the alignment of policies with urban agriculture, participatory and strategic land-use planning, and the empowerment of women.
Organic farms are the fundamental basis for the sustainable foreign economic activities of agrarians in Ukraine
Authors: Ohanisian Alina , Levchenko Nataliia , Shyshkanova Ganna , Abuselidze George , Prykhodko Volodymyr , Banchuk-Petrosova Olena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article emphasizes the importance of organic production development in the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy and substantiates that one of the important priorities of agribusiness is organic production, which is mainly export-oriented, and therefore is the fundamental basis for the sustainability of the foreign economic activity of its farmers. An increase in organic production, in particular cattle products, is accompanied by additional methane emissions (but lower than those from nonorganic production), while Ukraine, having joined the Global Methane Pledge initiative to reduce methane emissions, has committed to taking measures to reduce its methane footprint and consequently the decision to invest and/or provide government support for development programs should be based on historical analysis using a decoupling approach. The trends of changes in the average annual livestock population, the livestock production volume and dynamics of methane emissions have been studied for the period of 1990-2019. A decoupling analysis has been carried out of the gap between trends of the economic growth rates of the livestock industry and the rates of anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The study demonstrated that the decoupling effect in cattle breeding has changed abruptly from strongly negative to weak decoupling. The dynamics of the export volume of dairy and meat products were analysed for the agribusiness of Ukraine during 2004-2021 and a forecast of changes in production volumes, as well as a forecast for the export volume of milk and beef were made for the period up to 2030.
Decentralised Funding Activities of the Leader Local Action Groups of the North Hungarian Region from a Governancepoint of View
Authors: Veselicz Adél , Pénzes János , Patkós Csaba 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Our article investigates the utilisation of EU support from the EFARD Axes 3 and 4 in the 2007–2013 period in North Hungary, with a special emphasis on the role of the LEADER local action groups (LAGs) and their forms of governance. A brief study ofthe results of the 2014–2020 period was also included. The distribution of resources was examined by a spatial inequality indicator, the Gini coefficient. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the level and forms of governance in the case of LAGs. Our research results suggest that the distribution of Axis 3 resources within local action groups shows greater inequality in fewer LAGs. The Axis 4 denotes higher inequality. The level of governance of LAGs is relatively low as it is achieved through strong local leaders. This may explain high spatial inequalities of fund distribution.
Vienna’s South-Eastern Hinterlands: Regional Development in the Austrian-Hungarian Border Area, 1910–2011
Authors: Jankó Ferenc , Bottlik Zsolt , Győri Róbert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Formed from the westernmost territories of Hungary, Burgenland became a part of Austria a hundred years ago. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of how Burgenland became integrated into the Austrian society and economy, how its regional inequalities and rural character changed in comparison to the neighbouring Austrian and Hungarian areas, under the influence of Vienna’s major role. The analysis is based on the census data of 1910, 1960/61, 2001 and 2011 and on the mapping of different social and economic indicators. Our data revealed that one hundred years ago, the northern, more prosperous area of Western Hungary was an integral part of the rural hinterland of the imperial capital, Vienna, in stark contrast to the region’s southern periphery. After World War II, however, a steep west-east gradient emerged in the borderland along the Iron Curtain, while the traditional north-south disparity continued to exist on both sides of the new border. During the political transformation in the early 1990s, and even more after Hungary’s EU accession (2004), the former hard border ceased to exist in this region, while Vienna regained its former economic importance and influence. After 1990, the patterns of regional disparities changed rapidly in Hungary, and the western part achieved a leading position within Hungary in every dimension of economic prosperity. In line with this, while the Austrian rural regions in Burgenland and between Vienna and Graz showed remarkable infrastructural progress, Southern Burgenland remained peripheral regarding economic activity.
Transformation of the Rural Settlement Network in the Carpathian Region of Ukraine (1989–2020)
Authors: Lozynskyy Roman , Zubyk Andriy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article describes research on the Transformation of the Rural Settlement Network in the Carpathian Region of Ukraine in recent decades. The study area covers the Carpathian region of Ukraine, which has the highest share of rural population in the country. The 1989–2020 period was chosen. Quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis of statistical indicators, deductive and inductive methods, and cartographic method were used. The demographic crisis and economic problems of Ukraine did not stop the most important demographic and settlement processes that began in rural settlements of the Carpathian region during the Soviet period. These processes acquired the special features associated with political transition. Depopulation was greatest in the most urbanized Lviv Oblast, especially in the plains, in peripheral villages, where a critical level of negative demographic change had previously been achieved. However, the disappeared villages are few. Population growth in villages in suburban areas of large cities has not stopped. In sparsely urbanized areas, mostly in Transcarpathia and Precarpathia, a large group of villages that have also not been depopulated has emerged. Their development was facilitated by the availability of recreational and forest resources, border location, state support for mountain villages, and some local factors. The real situation in rural Ukraine is partly obscured by imperfect official statistics. In particular, it is difficult to establish population losses due to labor migration abroad.
Analysis of Specialisation and Management in Italian Farms Through a Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Galluzzo Nicola 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Using Italian data published by the Farm Accountancy Data Network, this study investigates whether certain variables such as labour, assets, crops, cost, and financial subsides allocated through the Common Agricultural Policy are able to act on the management and on the productive specialisation of Italian farms, and focuses on assessing the main relationships that exist between these variables and the items correlated to them in 8 main types of farming for the period 2004–2019. The results have revealed that while the type of farming practiced has had an influence on farm management, the impact of financial subsides allocated through the CAP has differed. This research fills a gap in the literature by investigating the main relationships that exist between farm specialisation and farm management through the PLSSEM. that enables the identification of which variables have the greatest influence on the management of Italian farms.
The Relationship Between CFO Qualifications and Internal Control Weakness
Authors: Yeh Yaying C. , Venezia Chiulien C. , Yang Tzu-Ya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between CFO qualifications and a firm’s internal control weakness (ICWs). We use three measures for CFO competence: financial/accounting background, seniority, and education. Using a sample of Taiwanese listed firms from 2012 to 2015, the results of this study show a negative relationship between CFO financial/accounting background and seniority with internal control weakness, indicating firms with higher quality CFOs experience a lower number of ICWs. CFO education level, however, is not related with a firm’s internal control weakness. The results imply that capable CFOs can effectively implement a good internal system. The result of this study provides practical and policy implications.