bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐infrared II photobiomodulation augments nitric oxide bioavailability via phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Yokomizo Shinya , Roessing Malte , Morita Atsuyo , Kopp Timo , Ogawa Emiyu , Katagiri Wataru , Feil Susanne , Huang Paul L. , Atochin Dmitriy N. , Kashiwagi Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is solid evidence of the beneficial effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) with low‐power near‐infrared (NIR) light in the NIR‐I window in increasing bioavailable nitric oxide (NO). However, it is not established whether this effect can be extended to NIR‐II light, limiting broader applications of this therapeutic modality. Since we have demonstrated PBM with NIR laser in the NIR‐II window, we determined the causal relationship between NIR‐II irradiation and its specific biological effects on NO bioavailability. We analyzed the impact of NIR‐II irradiation on NO release in cultured human endothelial cells using a NO‐sensitive fluorescence probe and single‐cell live imaging. Two distinct wavelengths of NIR‐II laser (1064 and 1270 nm) and NIR‐I (808 nm) at an irradiance of 10 mW/cm2 induced NO release from endothelial cells. These lasers also enhanced Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser 1177, and endothelial cell migration. Moreover, the NO release and phosphorylation of eNOS were abolished by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that Akt activation caused by NIR‐II laser exposure involves mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Other inhibitors that inhibit known Akt activation pathways, including a specific inhibitor of PI3K, Src family PKC, did not affect this response. These two wavelengths of NIR‐II laser induced no appreciable NO generation in cultured neuronal cells expressing neuronal NOS (nNOS). In short, NIR‐II laser enhances bioavailable NO in endothelial cells. Since a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction is suppressed eNOS with concomitant NO deficiency, NIR‐II laser technology could be broadly used to restore endothelial NO and treat or prevent cardiovascular diseases.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Physician–Scientist Trainees and Faculty in the United States: A National Survey
Authors: Kwan Jennifer M. , Noch Evan , Qiu Yuqing , Toubat Omar , Christophers Briana , Azzopardi Stephanie , Gilmer Gabrielle , Wiedmeier Julia Erin , Daye Dania 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Physician–scientists have long been considered an endangered species, and their extended training pathway is vulnerable to disruptions. This study investigated the effects of COVID-19-related challenges on the personal lives, career activities, stress levels, and research productivity of physician–scientist trainees and faculty.

Method
The authors surveyed medical students (MS), graduate students (GS), residents/fellows (R/F), and faculty (F) using a tool distributed to 120 U.S. institutions with MD–PhD programs in April–June 2020. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare differences between groups. Machine learning was employed to select variables for multivariate logistic regression analyses aimed at identifying factors associated with stress and impaired productivity.

Results
The analyses included 1,929 respondents (MS: n = 679, 35%; GS: n = 676, 35%; R/F: n = 274, 14%; F: n = 300, 16%). All cohorts reported high levels of social isolation, stress from effects of the pandemic, and negative impacts on productivity. R/F and F respondents were more likely than MS and GS respondents to report financial difficulties due to COVID-19. R/F and F respondents with a dual degree expressed more impaired productivity compared with those without a dual degree. Multivariate regression analyses identified impacted research/scholarly activities, financial difficulties, and social isolation as predictors of stress and impaired productivity for both MS and GS cohorts. For both R/F and F cohorts, impacted personal life and research productivity were associated with stress, while dual-degree status, impacted research/scholarly activities, and impacted personal life were predictors of impaired productivity. More female than male respondents reported increased demands at home.

Conclusions
This national survey of physician–scientist trainees and faculty found a high incidence of stress and impaired productivity related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the challenges faced and their consequences may improve efforts to support the physician–scientist workforce in the postpandemic period.
Enculturating a Community of Action: Health Professions Educators’ Perspectives on Teaching With Wikipedia
Authors: Martin Paolo C. , Maggio Lauren A. , Murray Heather , Willinsky John M. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Health professions educators are increasingly called on to engage learners in more meaningful instruction. Many have used Wikipedia to offer an applied approach to engage learners, particularly learning related to evidence-based medicine (EBM). However, little is known about the benefits and challenges of using Wikipedia as a pedagogic tool from the collective experience of educators who have sought to improve their instructional practice with it. This study aims to synthesize the perspectives of health professions education (HPE) instructors on the incorporation of Wikipedia editing into their HPE courses.

Method
Applying a constructivist approach, the authors conducted semistructured interviews from July to December 2020, with 17 participating HPE instructors who had substantively integrated Wikipedia into their curriculum at 13 institutions. Participants were interviewed about their experiences of integrating Wikipedia editing into their courses. Thematic analysis was conducted on resulting transcripts.

Results
The authors observed 2 broad themes among participants’ expressed benefits of teaching with Wikipedia. First, Wikipedia provides a meaningful instructional alternative that also helps society and develops learners’ information literacy and EBM skills. Second, Wikipedia supports learners’ careers and professional identity formation. Identified challenges included high effort and time, restrictive Wikipedia sourcing guidelines, and difficult interactions with stakeholders.

Conclusions
Findings build on known benefits, such as providing a real-world collaborative project that contextualizes students’ learning experiences. They also echo known challenges, such as the resource-intensive nature of teaching with Wikipedia. The findings of this study reveal the potential of Wikipedia to enculturate HPE students within a situated learning context. They also present implications for HPE programs that are considering implementing Wikipedia and faculty development needed to help instructors harness crowd-sourced information tools’ pedagogic opportunities as well as anticipate their challenges.
Race Is Associated With Risk of Salvage Procedures and Postoperative Complications After Hip Procedures in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Brown Lauryn , Cho Kevin M. , Tarawneh Omar H. , Quan Theodore , Malyavko Alisa , Tabaie Sean A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Despite the many surgical interventions available for spastic hip dysplasia in children with cerebral palsy, a radical salvage hip procedure may still ultimately be required. The purpose of this study was to assess whether race is an independent risk factor for patients with cerebral palsy to undergo a salvage hip procedure or experience postoperative complications for hip dysplasia treatment.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Pediatric database from 2012 to 2019. International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revisions, Clinical Modifications (ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-CM), and current procedural terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify patients with cerebral palsy undergoing hip procedures for hip dysplasia and to stratify patients into salvage or reconstructive surgeries.

Results:
There was a total of 3906 patients with cerebral palsy between the ages of 2 and 18 years undergoing a procedure for hip dysplasia, including 1995 (51.1%) White patients, 768 (19.7%) Black patients, and 1143 (29.3%) patients from other races. Both Black (P=0.044) and White (P=0.046) races were significantly associated with undergoing a salvage versus a reconstructive hip procedure, with Black patients having an increased risk compared to White patients [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.77, confidence interval (CI) 1.02-3.07]. Only Black patients were found to have an increased risk of any postoperative complication compared to White patients, with an adjusted OR of 1.26 (CI 1.02-1.56; P=0.033). Both White (P=0.017) and black (P=0.004) races were found to be significantly associated with medical complications, with Black patients having an increased risk (adjusted OR 1.43, CI 1.12-1.84) compared to White patients. There were no significant findings between the race and risk of surgical site complications, unplanned readmissions, or reoperations.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that patient race is an independent association for the risk of pediatric patients with cerebral palsy to both undergo a salvage hip procedure and to experience postoperative medical complications, with Black patients having an increased risk compared to White.

Level of Evidence:
Level III Retrospective Cohort Study.
A Modified Technique for Lateral Column Lengthening as Part of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Correction: An Intact Medial Calcaneal Cortex, a Low-Profile Locking Plate With a Combination of Autologous Calcaneal Bone Graft and Demineralized Human Bone Matrix
Authors: Siddiqui Bobby M. , Salem Hatem M. , Goyal Achal , Raglan Martin , Dhar Sunil 
Published: August 2022

Adult acquired flatfoot deformity encompasses deformities of the entire foot and ankle, with most clinical presentations comprising of a flexible planovalgus deformity and forefoot abduction. Numerous operative procedures have been proposed, and a lateral column–lengthening procedure is advocated to correct the forefoot abduction. Autologous iliac crest bone graft is routinely inserted into the opening-wedge osteotomy at the anterior calcaneum. Fixation methods are also variable with increasing use of locking plates to achieve stability at this osteotomy. Harvesting the iliac crest graft exposes the patient to significant donor site morbidity. We describe a modified lateral column–lengthening technique, leaving the medial calcaneum cortex intact, packing a combination of autologous calcaneal bone graft, and demineralized bone matrix into the osteotomy site, fixed with a low-profile locking plate. In the short term, our technique offers reduced rates of wound complications, symptomatic hardware, nonunion, and deformity recurrence when compared with published rates.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, Case Series (retrospective).
Cutaneous Ossifying Amyloidoma
Authors: Requena Celia , Diago Adrian , Traves Victor , Llombart Beatriz , Nagore Eduardo , Sanmartin Onofre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Amyloidoma, otherwise known as tumoral amyloidosis, is a localized deposition of amyloid (AL-type or AA type) without systemic amyloidosis. It is the rarest form of tissue amyloid deposition, and up to 7% of amyloidomas develop systemic amyloidosis.Cutaneous AL-type amyloidoma is considered by many authors as an unusual variant of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. Although cutaneous amyloidoma can form calcifications, ossification is extremely unusual, with only 1 case previously published to date.We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with voluminous and strikingly ossifying AL-type amyloidoma in the left pretibial skin. Her medical history included excision of hepatic hydatidic cysts 25 years prior and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the left parotid gland 8 years prior treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy with complete response. After the diagnosis of amyloidoma, an extension study with cervical, chest, abdominal, and pelvic TC was performed, with no additional lesions found. Serum and protein electrophoresis revealed elevations in kappa light chain and IgA immunoglobulin levels but did not reveal monoclonal bands. In situ hybridization for immunoglobulin light chains showed monotypic kappa expression in plasma cells infiltrating the amyloidoma.Extensive ossification in amyloidomas can make diagnosis difficult; therefore, we describe an interesting case of this histopathologically peculiar amyloidoma.
Follicular Porokeratoma: Report of a New Variant of Porokeratoma (Porokeratotic Acanthoma) and Literature Review
Authors: Kanitakis Jean , Fournier Nicolas , Jullien Denis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Porokeratoma is a rare type of epidermal acanthoma, of which 22 cases have been published in the literature. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cornoid lamellae embedded within a single verrucous or keratotic nodule. Despite this histologic feature being shared with porokeratosis, the etiopathogenesis of porokeratoma and its relationship with porokeratosis remain unclear. We report a new case of porokeratoma involving hair follicles, a finding that has been reported in only one of the previously published cases. Analogous to follicular porokeratosis, a form of porokeratosis involving hair follicles, we have termed this lesion “follicular porokeratoma.” A review of all 23 published cases (including the present case) is also provided.
Polypharmacy and Major Adverse Events in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tsagkaris Christos , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Kartas Anastasios , Samaras Athanasios , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Vouloagkas Ioannis , Baroutidou Amalia , Bekiaridou Alexandra , Patsiou Vasiliki , Chatzisolomou Antreas , Panteris Eleftherios , Karagiannidis Efstratios , Karvounis Haralambos , Tzikas Apostolos , Giannakoulas George 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often receive multiple medications daily. The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic implications of polypharmacy in patients with AF. This is a retrospective post hoc analysis of 1113 AF patients, enrolled in a randomized trial during an acute hospitalization (MISOAC-AF, NCT02941978). The presence of polypharmacy (use of >4 drugs daily) was assessed at hospital discharge. Regression analyses were performed to identify clinical predictors of polypharmacy and compare the outcomes of patients with or without confirmed polypharmacy. The coprimary outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Among patients with polypharmacy, the difference in the risk of mortality was also assessed per each added drug as a numeric variable. Polypharmacy was found in 36.9% of participants. Dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and higher glomerular filtration rates were independent predictors of polypharmacy. Polypharmacy was an independent predictor for all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.64) and CV death (aHR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.05–1.84). Among patients with polypharmacy, each additional concomitant medication was independently associated with a 4% increased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08) and a 5% increased risk of CV mortality (aHR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.10). Polypharmacy was common among patients with AF hospitalized in a tertiary hospital and was incrementally associated with higher rates of mortality.
The Role of the Work Environment in the Relationship Between Shiftwork and Sickness Absence
Authors: Hoff Bernstrøm Vilde , Mehmetoglu Mehmet , Houkes Inge 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of four team-level work environment factors as potential mediators and moderators of the relationship between shiftwork and sickness absence.

Methods
In a longitudinal cohort study, we analyze data obtained from 11,842 employees in a large Norwegian hospital using generalized structural equation model estimations.

Results
The results did not support a moderation hypothesis. The results did support partial mediation, showing a significant indirect positive relationship between shiftwork and short-term sickness absence via participation, a significant indirect positive relationship between shiftwork and long-term sickness absence via control, and a significant indirect negative relationship between shiftwork and long-term sickness absence via commitment.

Conclusions
These results support that differences in available work environment resources may partially explain the increased level of sickness absence among shiftworkers.
Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bihari Allison , Olayinka Lily , Kroeker Karen I. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Approximately 25% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are diagnosed in childhood and the incidence is increasing. Thus, more patients will transition to adult care in the future. Within the literature, transition readiness has been deemed important to achieving a successful transition; however, it is unclear what outcomes define success. This scoping review aims to summarize the literature on outcomes surrounding transition from pediatric to adult care in patients with IBD.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted with the following steps: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) charting the data, (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting results, and (6) consultation with an additional researcher. Studies were identified from 5 databases and were included in part if (1) IBD was a disease of interest, (2) referred to transition as the movement and adjustment from pediatric to adult care, and (3) evaluated patient outcomes up to 5 years after first adult appointment and/or defined a successful or unsuccessful transition.

Results:
Twenty-six peer-reviewed studies were included. Four studies defined transition success, while 2 studies defined an unsuccessful transition. Transition outcomes were categorized into these 6 themes: being comfortable in adult care (n = 4); health care utilization (n = 19); disease management (n = 15); knowledge (n = 5); quality of life (n = 6); self-efficacy (n = 7).

Conclusions:
Most studies evaluated transition outcomes by themes of health care utilization (n = 19) and disease management (n = 15). Future research should focus on engaging patients along with providers in order to create a consensus on indicators of transition success.
The Role of Manganese in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Vetter‐Laracy Susanne , Tejedor Maria , Cobo Pilar , Bauça Josep Miquel , Robles Juan , Ortiz‐Montero Raul , Pastor Alicia , Beltrán Eva 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:High manganese (Mn) levels during fetal growth or prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment. We aim to report on Mn levels and their short‐term impact on clinical course in very low birth weight infants.Methods:An observational study including newborns with a gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks and/or ≤1500 g of birth weight (BW). Newborns received intravenous supplementation of Mn at 1 µg/kg/day (Peditrace®) in PN and continued with fortified breast milk. Mothers answered surveys about dietary and other habits and blood levels of Mn in newborns were analyzed at days 1, 15, and 30 of life. Associations of Mn levels with mothers’ and newborns’ data were evaluated and adjusted for multiple comparisons.Results:One hundred and sixty premature infants were recruited. Median blood Mn levels at birth were 43.0 and 24.5 µg/L at day 30. No important association with mothers’ data was found. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] duration of PN was 8 days (7–14). A prolonged PN and late oral feeding showed a nonsignificant association with lower blood Mn levels at day 30 (P = 0.010, P threshold 0.003). Mn levels at day 15 and 30 were associated with increasing GA (P < 0.001). Low Mn was not a significant predictor of adverse outcomes such as retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or respiratory distress syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders and multiple testing.Conclusions:Mn showed lower levels with decreasing GA and prolonged PN. Using a low Mn PN solution may not raise blood Mn levels in premature infants.
Association Between the Fatigue and Sleep Quality of Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Zhang Ping , Liu Xiao-Li , Li Xin , Yang Jing-Hua , Zhang Rong-Mei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sleep disorders persist in renal transplant patients. Previous studies have showed that fatigue and rumination are an important determinant of sleep quality. However, very few studies have explored the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was implemented, and 192 kidney transplant patients completed the short questionnaire about their recent experiences of fatigue, rumination, and sleep quality. The prevalence of sleep disorders among kidney transplant recipients was 19.3%. With rumination as a partial mediator, fatigue indirectly affected the patients' sleep quality. This indirect effect was 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.154–0.419). Our results indicate that the incidence of sleep disorders after renal transplantation was high, and the more tired kidney transplant recipients become, the more likely they are to ruminate, which leads to a decline in sleep quality.
Levels of Anger Severity in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Levin-Aspenson Holly Frances , Diehl Joseph M. , Boyd Simone Imani , Zimmerman Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Given anger's clinical relevance and adverse impact on functioning, there is a need to examine diagnostically heterogeneous individuals at different levels of anger severity to provide a basis for considering anger severity in clinical research and practice. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project, we examined the validity of severity classifications based on the Clinically Useful Anger Outcome Scale (CUANGOS) in 1738 clinically heterogeneous psychiatric outpatients. We compared patients reporting no, mild, moderate, or severe anger with regard to demographics, psychosocial morbidity, functioning, and life satisfaction. Increasing anger severity was associated with elevated clinician-rated psychosocial morbidity and poorer self-rated functioning and life satisfaction. Results demonstrate that assessing anger severity yields crucial information about psychosocial functioning and morbidity. This provides additional validity evidence for self-reported anger in general and the CUANGOS in particular, in that the CUANGOS can validly distinguish among meaningfully different anger severity levels.