bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in unprofessional behaviour, teamwork and co‐operation among hospital staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Westbrook Johanna I. , McMullan Ryan , Urwin Rachel , Churruca Kate , Metri Joelle , Loh Erwin , Li Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA survey administered to staff at five hospitals investigated changes in unprofessional behaviour, teamwork and co‐operation during the COVID‐19 pandemic. From 1583 responses, 76.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 74.0–78.2%) reported no change or a decrease in unprofessional behaviours. Across all professional groups, 43.6% (n = 579, 95% CI: 41.0–46.3%) reported improvements in teamwork and co‐operation. Findings suggest that intensifying work demands, such as those resulting from the pandemic, are not a major trigger for unprofessional behaviour, and root causes lie elsewhere.
Prevalence and determinants of lower extremity amputations among type I and type II diabetic patients: A multicenter‐based study
Authors: Tuglo Lawrence Sena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe incidence of diabetes‐related lower‐extremity complications is increasing globally, yet the condition in developing countries, particularly those in sub‐Saharan Africa, is unclear. This study determined the prevalence and determinants of lower extremity amputations among type I and type II diabetic patients at health facilities in the Volta Region, Ghana. This was a multicenter‐based study involving 473 diabetic patients. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, medical, biochemical, and anthropometric data were obtained systematically with a pretested structured questionnaire. The prevalence rate of lower extremity amputations (LEAs) was 1.9%. LEAs were linked to the male gender (unadjusted odds ratio [UOR] = 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44‐23.82; P = 0.013), smokers (UOR = 10.12; 95% CI = 2.63‐38.91; P = .001), type I diabetic patients (UOR = 4.74; 95% CI = 1.24‐18.10; P = .023), family history of diabetes mellitus (UOR = 9.18; 95% CI = 2.25‐37.46; P = .002), diabetic foot ulcers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.62; 95% CI = 1.58‐47.62; P = .013) and obesity (AOR = 6.20; 95% CI = 1.00‐38.04; P = .049). This study showed a relatively low prevalence rate compared to previous studies within Ghana. However, it is a major concern in public health that needs to be addressed since diabetes‐related LEAs are connected to global major morbidity and mortality.
Comparison of the risk of infection of human rotavirus and astrovirus according to fishing and swimming activities at Las Cañas beach, Uruguay
Authors: Viviana Bortagaray , Pablo Gamazo , Sebastián Castro , Marcos Grilli , Rodney Colina , Matias Victoria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
To estimate the risk of human rotavirus (RV) and astrovirus (HAstV) infections for swimmers and fishers at Las Cañas beach, Uruguay.

Methods and Results
Surface water samples were collected monthly for 1 year. The dose–response models used were β-Poisson and 1F1 hypergeometric for RV and HAstV, respectively. The probabilities of infection were calculated using a kernel density estimate to fitting the data and then sampling from this distribution (Monte Carlo simulation). The probability of RV infection for fishers was between 0 and 65% and for swimmers was between 0 and 50% (&lt;18 years old) and between 0 and 38% (&gt;18 years old). For HAstV, the probability of infection for fishers was between 0% and 45% and for swimmers was between 0 and 38% (&lt;18 years old) and between 0 and 18% (&gt;18 years old).

Conclusions
This study suggests that fishers are at higher risk of infection for both viruses compared with swimmers mainly due to higher viral frequency and concentration at the site for fishing activities.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one derivatives against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates
Authors: Sena Kêsia X. F. R. , Mendes Raudiney F. V. , Bôtelho Evillyn X. , Araújo-Melo Rosilma O. , Silva Camila J. A. , Costa Júnior Henrique N. P. , Amorim-Carmo Bruno , Damasceno Igor Z. , Fernandes-Pedrosa Matheus F. , Aguiar Jaciana S. , Silva Teresinha G. , Lima Gláucia M. S. , Albuquerque Julianna F. C. , Ximenes Rafael M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the highest priorities in global public health with Staphylococcus aureus among the most important microorganisms due to its rapidly evolving antimicrobial resistance. Despite all the efforts of antimicrobial stewardship, research and development of new antimicrobials are still imperative. The thiazolidine ring is considered a privileged structure for the development of new antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of two analogue series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one against multidrug-resistant Staph. aureus clinical isolates.

Methods and Results
The derivatives 1a, 2a and 2b exhibited MIC between 1–32 μg ml−1, with time-to-kill curves showing a bactericidal effect up to 24 h. In the antibiofilm assay, the most active derivatives were able to inhibit about 90% of biofilm formation. The 4-thioxo-thiazolidine-2-one derivatives were more active against planktonic cells, while the thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives were able to disrupt about 50% of the preformed biofilm. In the in vivo infection model using Caenorhabditis elegans as a host, the derivatives 1a, 2a and 2b increased nematode survival with a concentration-dependent effect. Exposure of Staph. aureus to the derivatives 2a and 2b induced surface changes and decrease cell size. None of the derivatives was cytotoxic for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but showed moderate cytotoxicity for L929 fibroblasts.

Conclusion
The 5-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one (2b) was the most active derivative against Staph. aureus and showed higher selective indices.

Significance and Impact of the Study
4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one is a promising scaffold for the research and development of new antimicrobial drugs against multidrug-resistant Staph. aureus.
Altered molecular attributes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated from the cholera endemic regions of India
Authors: Shaw Sreeja , Samanta Prosenjit , Chowdhury Goutam , Ghosh Debjani , Dey Tanmoy Kumar , Deb Alok Kumar , Ramamurthy Thandavarayan , Miyoshi Shin-ichi , Ghosh Amit , Dutta Shanta , Mukhopadhyay Asish Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
The present study aimed to document the comparative analysis of differential hypervirulent features of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated during 2018 from cholera endemic regions in Gujarat and Maharashtra (Western India) and West Bengal (Eastern India).

Methods and Results
A total of 87 V. cholerae O1 clinical strains from Western India and 48 from Eastern India were analysed for a number of biotypic and genotypic features followed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile. A novel polymerase chain reaction was designed to detect a large fragment deletion in the Vibrio seventh pandemic island II (VSP-II) genomic region, which is a significant genetic feature of the V. cholerae strains that have caused Yemen cholera outbreak. All the strains from Western India belong to the Ogawa serotype, polymyxin B-sensitive, hemolytic, had a deletion in VSP-II (VSP-IIC) region and carried Haitian genetic alleles of ctxB, tcpA and rtxA. Conversely, 14.6% (7/48) of the strains from Eastern India belonged to the Inaba serotype, polymyxin B-resistant, nonhemolytic, harboured VSP-II other than VSP-IIC type, classical ctxB, Haitian tcpA and El Tor rtxA alleles. Resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol has been observed in strains from both regions.

Conclusions
This study showed hypervirulent, polymyxin B-sensitive epidemic causing strains in India along with the strains with polymyxin B-resistant and nonhemolytic traits that may spread and cause serious disease outcomes in future.

Significance and impact of the study
The outcomes of this study can help to improve the understanding of the hyperpathogenic property of recently circulating pandemic Vibrio cholerae strains in India. Special attention is also needed for the monitoring of AMR surveillance because V. cholerae strains are losing susceptibility to many antibiotics used as a second line of defence in the treatment of cholera.
Efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccines: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Toubasi Ahmad A. , Al‐Sayegh Thuraya N. , Obaid Yazan Y. , Al‐Harasis Sarah M. , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveSeveral vaccines showed a good safety profile and significant efficacy against COVID‐19. Moreover, in the absence of direct head to head comparison between COVID‐19 vaccines, a network meta‐analysis that indirectly compares between them is needed.MethodsDatabases PubMed, CENTRAL, medRxiv, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched. Studies were included if they were placebo‐controlled clinical trials and reported the safety profile and/or effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials and the Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for nonrandomized trials.ResultsForty‐nine clinical trials that included 421,173 participants and assessed 28 vaccines were included in this network meta‐analysis. The network meta‐analysis showed that Pfizer is the most effective in preventing COVID‐19 infection whereas the Sputnik Vaccine was the most effective in preventing severe COVID‐19 infection. In terms of the local and systemic side, the Sinopharm and V‐01 vaccines were the safest.ConclusionWe found that almost all of the vaccines included in this study crossed the threshold of 50% efficacy. However, some of them did not reach the previously mentioned threshold against the B.1.351 variant while the remainder have not yet investigated vaccine efficacy against this variant. Since each vaccine has its own strong and weak points, we strongly advocate continued vaccination efforts in individualized manner that recommend the best vaccine for each group in the community which is abundantly required to save lives and to avert the emergence of future variants.
Molecular prevalence and zoonotic potential of trichomonads from oral cavities in household dogs
Authors: Ito Noriyuki , Itoh Naoyuki , Nakanishi Rikako , Kameshima Satoshi , Kimura Yuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the molecular prevalence of oral trichomonads in household dogs. Of the 144 dogs, 21 (14.6%, 21/144) tested positive for oral trichomonads. The prevalence was significantly higher in dogs with severe gingivitis (gingival index 3: 30.0%, 8/26) than that in normal dogs (gingival index 0: 2.7%, 1/37). Therefore, an interaction between oral trichomonads and the development of periodontal disease is suggested. Of the 21 positive samples, 16 isolates were T. brixi, four isolates were T. tenax, and one was Tetratrichomonas sp. Considering T. tenax is recognized as a zoonotic agent, transmission between dogs and humans cannot be neglected.
Prevalence and 24‐month recovery of olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19 patients: A multicentre prospective study
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Vaira Luigi A. , Saussez Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and recovery of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID‐19 patients 24 months after the infection.MethodsFrom 22 March 2020 to 5 June 2022, 251 COVID‐19 patients were followed in three European medical centres. Olfactory function was assessed with subjective patient‐reported outcome questionnaires and odour identification tests at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postinfection. The predictive values of epidemiological and clinical data were investigated with multivariate analysis.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐one patients completed the evaluations. The odour identification test revealed that 123 patients (50.8%) had OD at baseline. The prevalence of persistent psychophysical abnormalities at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post‐COVID‐19 was 24.2%, 17.9%, 5.8% and 2.9%, respectively (p = 0.001). Parosmia occurred in 40 patients (23.4%) and lasted 60 ± 119 days. At 2 years, 51 patients (29.8%) self reported that their olfaction was unnormalised. Older patients had better odour identification evaluations at baseline (p < 0.001) but those with OD reported lower odour identification test scores at the end of the follow‐up. Parosmia occurred more frequently in young patients. The olfactory training was significantly associated with higher values of Sniffin’ Sticks tests at 18 months postinfection (rs = 0.678; p < 0.001).ConclusionTwo years post‐COVID‐19, 29.8% of patients reported persistent OD, but only 2.9% had abnormal identification psychophysical evaluations.
Response to sequential treatment with prednisolone and vigabatrin in infantile spasms
Authors: Dzau Winston , Cheng Sally , Snell Penny , Fahey Michael , Scheffer Ingrid E , Harvey A Simon , Howell Katherine B 
Published: August 2022

AimTo report response to first treatment in infants with infantile spasms (IS), including incremental benefit of prednisolone 60 mg/day and vigabatrin following prednisolone 40 mg/day failure in infants commenced on the United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study (UKISS) treatment sequence.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we compared effectiveness of prednisolone, vigabatrin and nonstandard treatments as first treatment for IS. In infants who commenced the UKISS treatment sequence, we evaluated response to each step. Primary outcome was spasm cessation after 42 days. Secondary outcomes were severe side effects and spasm relapse after 42 days.ResultsTreatment response data were available for 151 infants. First treatment was prednisolone in 99 infants, vigabatrin in 18 and nonstandard treatment in 34. The rate of spasm cessation with first treatment was significantly higher with prednisolone (62/99, 63%) than vigabatrin (5/18, 28%, P = 0.01) or nonstandard treatment (2/34, 5.9%, P < 0.01). Of 112 infants who commenced the UKISS treatment sequence, 71/112 (63%) responded to prednisolone 40 mg/day. Among non‐responders, 12/29 (41%) subsequently responded to prednisolone 60 mg/day, and 10/22 (45%) to vigabatrin. Severe side effects and spasm relapse were not significantly different between each treatment.ConclusionWe confirm higher rates of spasm cessation with initial treatment with prednisolone than vigabatrin and nonstandard therapy. Non‐use of prednisolone as first treatment in over one third of infants highlights a concerning treatment gap. The UKISS treatment sequence has high overall treatment response (total 93/112; 83%), with similar benefit of subsequent prednisolone 60 mg/day and vigabatrin in prednisolone 40 mg/day non‐responders.
Narcissistic CEOs' dilemma: The trade‐off between exploration and exploitation and the moderating role of performance feedback
Authors: Steinberg Philip J. , Asad Sarosh , Lijzenga George 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrior research has established a positive link between chief executive officer (CEO) narcissism and firm innovation. Notably, research shows that CEO narcissism is positively related to more radical innovation and breakthrough technologies, that is, manifestations of a firm's exploration orientation, and positively related to more incremental innovation, that is, manifestations of firms' exploitation orientations. However, it primarily examines these orientations in isolation or neglects their interplay and thereby ignores insights from organizational learning theorists that firms and managers face decisive trade‐offs between fundamentally distinct exploration and exploitation orientations. This overlooks the possibility that narcissistic CEOs may emphasize exploration over exploitation, and vice versa, to gain visibility, affecting the balance between those orientations. Consequently, we might draw incorrect conclusions about how CEO narcissism affects firms' innovation. Drawing on theoretical mechanisms from the narcissistic personality literature, we develop and test a competing logic that connects CEO narcissism with firms' relative exploration orientation, that is, firms' exploration relative to the exploitation orientation. In addition, we theorize on and investigate the moderating effects of accounting‐ and market‐based performance feedback that may alter narcissistic CEOs' attention to exploration or exploitation and, hence, affect the relationship with firms' relative exploration orientation. We test our hypotheses using panel data from 120 firms in the Standard and Poor's 100 index between 2008 and 2018, covering the personality profiles of 224 CEOs. Our findings indicate that CEO narcissism is negatively associated with firms' relative exploration orientation, that is, narcissistic CEOs emphasize an exploitation orientation. Furthermore, this relationship is pronounced with firms' increasing relative accounting‐based performance and attenuated with firms' increasing relative market‐based performance. We draw theoretical and managerial implications from these insights.
Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intravascular, intraperitoneal, and oral administrations
Authors: Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Terzi Ertugrul , Coskun Devran , Bilen Soner , Cetin Gul , Uney Kamil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following intravascular (IV), intraperitoneal (IP), and oral (PO) administrations at 14 ± 1°C. In this study, three hundred and six clinically healthy rainbow trout (110–140 g) were used. The fish received single IV, IP, and PO injections of cefquinome at 10 mg/kg dose. The plasma concentrations of cefquinome were measured using HPLC‐UV and were evaluated using non‐compartmental analysis. Cefquinome was measured up to 96 h for PO route and 144 h for IV and IP routes in plasma. Following IV administration, t1/2ʎz, ClT, and Vdss were 18.85 h, 0.037 L/h/kg, and 0.84 L/kg, respectively. The Cmax of IP and PO routes was 9.75 and 1.64 μg/ml, respectively. The bioavailability following IP and PO administrations was 59.46% and 12.33%, respectively. Cefquinome at 10 mg/kg dose may maintain T > MIC above 40% at 72 and 96 h intervals, respectively, following the IP and IV routes for bacteria with MIC values of ≤2 μg/ml and at 24 h intervals following the PO route for bacteria with MIC value of ≤0.75 μg/ml. However, further studies are needed to determine in vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy and multiple dosage regimens of cefquinome against pathogens isolated from rainbow trout.
Dietary influences on head and neck ranges of motion in neotropical bats
Authors: Grider‐Potter N. , Rummel A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe primary functions of the tetrapod neck are to maintain head stability and facilitate head mobility. Both stability and mobility should be especially important during foraging. Head stability facilitates the function of the vestibulocochlear, auditory, and visual organs while mobility allows for the motion of that visual field as well as the mouth for food capture and processing. Species that rely on different resources should be under different selective pressures with regard to range of motion of the head and neck and the musculoskeletal morphologies that sustain them. Bats are useful model species to investigate these pressures because they display a wide variety of foraging behaviors. This study tests the hypothesis that dietary regime influences maximum ranges of motion found in the head and neck. To test this hypothesis, a dietarily diverse group of bats were caught in the field and their active ranges of head–neck motion were measured via photographs. Diet information was taken from the literature. Additionally, gross neck dimensions (mediolateral neck width and craniocaudal neck length) were measured using calipers. Phylogenetic statistical methods support the hypothesis and demonstrate that frugivorous species have much smaller ranges of head and neck motion. The results indicate that frugivorous species may require stiffness in their cervical spine in order to carry heavy fruits and maintain head stability simultaneously. Future work should investigate the anatomical differences in the head and neck among bats that influence this stiffness as well as other dietary behaviors that could be shaping the form and function of the head and neck.
Isolation, purification and structural elucidation of Mellein from endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae strain (SJF-1) and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and pharmacological properties
Authors: Saraswathi M. , Meshram S.H. , Siva B. , Misra S. , Suresh Babu K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In an on-going investigation of bioactive metabolites producing potential endophytic fungi, the strain Lasiodiplodia theobromae (SJF-1) was isolated from a medicinal plant Syzygium cumini. The cultural, morphological and molecular identification was done with the SJF-1 strain. The obtained gene sequence was deposited in NCBI with accession number MG 938644. The methanolic extract of SJF-1 strain possessed one major bioactive fraction, and it was purified by column chromatography. Further, it was identified as Mellein by various spectroscopic studies (1H, 13C, DEPT-135°, FT-IR, ESI-HR-MS and 2D NMR). Biologically, Mellein showed potent anti-Xanthomonas activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 1·9 to 62·5 μg ml−1 against 11 Xanthomonas strains, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with MIC 7·8–31·25 μg ml−1 and 1·9–31·25 μg ml−1 towards both bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. The scanning electron microscope analysis proved the antimicrobial efficacy of a Mellein by rupturing the cell walls of Xanthomonas sp. Molecular docking studies further supported that the Mellein showed good binding interactions with the proteins of Xanthomonas sp. to reduce pathogenicity. Further, in silico pharmacological studies showed that this metabolite exhibited high gastrointestinal absorption properties and promising oral drug bioavailability. We report, anti-Xanthomonas, in silico docking and pharmacological studies of Mellein from (SJF-1) strain for the first time.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of thiolated methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan as a new derivative of chitosan
Authors: Dehdari S. , Rastegari A. , Samadi N. , Mohammadi Z. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite chitosan, a natural cationic polysaccharide derived from chitin, being applied as an antimicrobial agent, many studies are being performed for enhancing its capability to fight against pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of thiolated methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan (TTMAC) polymer and its nanoparticles as a novel derivation of chitosan. The polymer derivative was synthetized and characterized via 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared and the Elman test. The nanoparticles with different N/P ratios were prepared by the ionic gelation method and were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The cellular toxicity of polymer and nanoparticles at different concentrations were evaluated on human MCF-7 cell line. Antimicrobial assay was performed on Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) as Gram-negative, Gram-positive and yeast pathogens, respectively. The obtained results have shown the TTMAC polymer has a higher inhibition activity against microbial pathogens and also lower cellular toxicity in comparison with chitosan polymer. Furthermore, chitosan nanoparticles in comparison with TTMAC nanoparticles have lower size and highest zeta potential in different ratio and chitosan nanoparticles have more inhibitory effects against microbial pathogens. In conclusion, TTMAC derivative in polymeric form can be a promising tool against microbial pathogens.