bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seedball Coating Material Formulation to Enhance Germination and Growth of Fruit and Forest Seeds
Authors: Zubaidah S , Mansur I , Budi S W , Yusmur A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Planting using seed ball, where seeds are enclosed in materials and planted directly to the field by throwing the seed balls or using aerial planting. This technique has been considered to speed up the rehabilitation of degraded land and forest. Formulation of materials to enclose the seed is important and could be specific for different seeds. Therefore, this research aims to determine the appropriate formulation of seed balls to enhance seeds germination and their subsequent growth. The research was conducted from February-June 2021 in a greenhouse. Three formulas have been tested, i.e. 1) Formula A: clay and compost (1:1); 2) Formula B: clay, compost, and insecticide (50:50:1); 3) Formula C: clay, sawdust, bone meal, and vermicompost (8:8:2:1). The seeds used were seeds of durian (Durio zibethinus), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), velvet apple (Diospyros blancoi), merbau (Intsia bijuga), and white teak (Gmelina arborea). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The fastest germination rate of durian, jackfruit, and merbau seeds was recorded on Formula A, while velvet apple and white teak seeds were on Formula C. The best height growth of seedlings was found using coating Formula C, i.e. 17.98 cm within 3 months after planting.
Defining indicators to measure risks of mangrove ecosystem in tropical region: case study Indonesia
Authors: Tjahjono R E P , Perdinan  , Lestari K G , Putri C S , Putra E I , Yonvitner  , Agus S B , Adriani  , Adi R F , Aprilia S , Mustofa I , Pratiwi S D , Basit R A , Wibowo A , Kardono  , Wijanarka K , Nuraeni  , Imran Z 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mangrove plays important role in the coastal ecosystem worldwide, and Indonesia as an archipelagic country occupies about 27% of the global mangrove area. Unfortunately, about 48% of areas of Indonesia’s mangroves have been damaged. Human, biophysics and climate stressors are found to affect the mangrove damages. Using a case study of Pekalongan and Demak, i.e., the prioritized locations for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia, this study translated the contributing stressors into quantifiable indicators that can be used to measure the risks. The risk framework on climate change assessment and ecological sensitive evaluation was employed to define the measured indicators and parameters. The indicators were classified into distinctive groups of hazards, exposures, and vulnerability which were composed of sensitivity and capacity. The indicators are then defined with regards to the existence of mangroves as an individual (vegetation), habitat, and ecosystem, and a set of parameters constitute the indicators measured the stressors of socio-economics, biophysics, and climate were determined with regards to the data availability and requirements. The measured indicators can be helpful to identify what strategies or actions should be devised to address the most contributing indicators to the mangrove risks and may be replicated to other coastal areas in the tropical regions.
Hotspot Analysis in 2015 and 2019 at Ogan Komering Ilir District South Sumatera Province
Authors: Hadiyani F S , Nurhayati A D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) is one of the districts in South Sumatra Province that experience severe forest and land fires with the highest hotspots number during the period of 2015-2019. The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of hotspots and their relationship with rainfall in 2015 and 2019 in the OKI district. The data sources used in this study included hotspot data derived from MODIS Terra/Aqua satellite imagery and rainfall data from BMKG. The results of this study indicate that the number of hotspots in the OKI District was 17,532 in 2015 and 4,583 in 2019. The distribution of hotspots from 2015 and 2019 was mostly found on peatlands. The highest number of hotspots in 2015 was in Tulung Selapan Sub-district and in 2019 it was in Cengal Sub-district 2019. The relationship between rainfall and hotspots number in 2015 and 2019 is not significant. The lowest rainfall in 2015 occurred in September with 0 mm/month and in 2019 the lowest rainfall occurred in August with 0,5 mm/month. Rainfall and hotspots number has an inverse correlation.
Assessing the severity of forest fire in Sungai Buluh Protected Peat Forest, Jambi
Authors: Putra E I , Ramadhi A , Shadiqin M F , Saad A , Setianto E , Nurhayati A D , Saharjo B H , Cochrane M A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Jambi is one of the provinces that has a high level of forest fires in Indonesia. Sungai Buluh Peat Protected Forest is one of the protected peat forest areas in Jambi Province which experienced severe forest and land fires in 2019. Fire severity was estimated using the NBR Index from the Sentinel-2 satellite imagery data. The results showed that fire severity in the HLG Sungai Buluh in 2019 was dominated by high-class fire severity, covering an area of 207.9 ha. The NBR Index has a good ability to estimate the severity of forest fires with a D-value of 2.816 with an accuracy rate of 91.984%. The severity of the fires that occur is linked to the groundwater level dynamics which are strongly and significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by precipitation. Fires were detected in September when groundwater levels averaged -57.66 cm and very low amounts of precipitation (17.43 mm) occurred. It is important to maintain high groundwater levels, less than 40 cm below the surface, to reduce the risk of fire and prevent future peatland degradation.
Direct excitation of tryptophan phosphorescence. A new method for triplet states investigation
Authors: Chavez Jose , Ceresa Luca , Reeks John M , Strzhemechny Yuri M , Kimball Joseph , Kitchner Emma , Gryczynski Zygmunt , Gryczynski Ignacy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We studied room temperature phosphorescence of tryptophan (TRP) embedded in poly (vinyl alcohol) films. With UV (285 nm) excitation, the phosphorescence spectrum of tryptophan appears at about 460 nm. We also observed the TRP phosphorescence with blue light excitation at 410 nm, well outside of the S0 →S1 absorption. This excitation reaches the triplet state of tryptophan directly without the involvement of the singlet excited state. The phosphorescence lifetime of tryptophan is in the sub-millisecond range. The long-wavelength direct excitation to the triplet state results in high phosphorescence anisotropy which can be useful in macromolecule dynamics study via time-resolved phosphorescence.
Genotypic variation in floral volatiles influences floral microbiome more strongly than interactions with herbivores and mycorrhizae in strawberries
Authors: Wei Na , Whyle Robert L , Ashman Tia-Lynn , Jamieson Mary A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The floral microbiome is of significant relevance to plant reproduction and crop productivity. While plant genotype is key to floral microbiome assembly, whether and how genotypic variation in floral traits and plant-level mutualistic and antagonistic interactions at the rhizosphere and phyllosphere influence the microbiome in the anthosphere remain little known. Using a factorial field experiment that manipulated biotic interactions belowground (mycorrhizae treatments) and aboveground (herbivory treatments) in three strawberry genotypes, we assessed how genotypic variation in flower abundance and size and plant-level biotic interactions influence the bidirectional relationships between floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the floral microbiome using structural equation modeling. We found that plant genotype played a stronger role, overall, in shaping the floral microbiome than biotic interactions with mycorrhizae and herbivores. Genotypic variation in flower abundance and size influenced the emission of floral VOCs, especially terpenes (e.g. α- and β-pinene, ocimene isomers) and benzenoids (e.g. p-anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde), which in turn affected floral bacterial and fungal communities. While the effects of biotic interactions on floral traits including VOCs were weak, mycorrhizae treatments (mycorrhizae and herbivory + mycorrhizae) affected the fungal community composition in flowers. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which plant genotype influences floral microbiome assembly and provide the first evidence that biotic interactions in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere can influence the floral microbiome, and offer important insights into agricultural microbiomes.
Aluminum can activate grapevine defense through actin remodeling
Authors: Wang Ruipu , Duan Dong , Metzger Christian , Zhu Xin , Riemann Michael , Pla Maria , Nick Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the current study, we used a grapevine cell line in which actin filaments are labeled by GFP to show that aluminum causes actin remodeling through activation of NADPH oxidase in the plasma membrane, followed by activation of phytoalexin synthesis genes. Elimination of actin filaments by latrunculin B disrupts gene activation and inhibition of MAPK signaling by the inhibitor PD98059. Interestingly, aluminum also induces the transcription of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE, a key enzyme for the synthesis of salicylic acid, as well as PR1, a gene that is known to be responsive to salicylic acid. However, while salicylic acid responses are usually a hallmark of the hypersensitive response, aluminum-triggered defense is not accompanied by cell death. Both actin remodeling and gene activation in response to aluminum can be suppressed by the natural auxin indole acetic acid, suggesting that the actin response is not caused by nonspecific signaling. Further evidence for the specificity of the aluminum-triggered activation of phytoalexin synthesis genes comes from experiments in which plant peptide elicitors induce significant cellular mortality but do not evoke induction of these transcription. The response in grapevine cells can be recapitulated in grapevine leaf discs from two genotypes contrasting in stilbene inducibility. Here, aluminum can induce accumulation of the central grapevine phytoalexin, the stilbene aglycone trans-resveratrol; this is preceded by a rapid induction of transcription for RESVERATROL SYNTHASE and the regulating transcription factor MYB14. The amplitude of this induction reflects the general stilbene inducibility of these genotypes, indicating that the aluminum effect is not caused by nonspecific toxicity but by activation of specific signaling pathways. The findings are discussed in relation to a model in which actin filaments activate a specific branch of defense signaling, acting in concert with calcium-dependent PAMP-triggered immunity. This pathway links the apoplastic oxidative burst through MAPK signaling with the activation of defense-related transcription.
Rejuvenation increases leaf biomass and flavonoid accumulation in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Lu Zhaogeng , Zhu Likui , Lu Jinkai , Shen Nan , Wang Lu , Liu Sian , Wang Qingjie , Yu Wanwen , Kato-Noguchi Hisashi , Li Weixing , Jin Biao , Wang Li , Lin Jinxing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rejuvenation refers to the transition from an adult state to a juvenile state. Trunk truncation at the base of the tree can result in tree rejuvenation. However, little is known about the association of rejuvenation with leaf biomass and flavonoid accumulation. The results of this study showed that, compared with control leaves, leaves of renewed Ginkgo biloba shoots were larger, thicker, and more lobed and had higher fresh/dry weights and chlorophyll contents. The leaf biomass per hectare of rejuvenated trees was twofold higher than that of the untruncated controls. Moreover, we observed a marked increase in the accumulation of flavonol glycosides via metabolomic analysis and detected upregulated expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including CHS, FLS, F3’H, DFR, and LAR. Overexpression of GbCHS in ginkgo calli confirmed that GbCHS plays an important role in flavonoid biosynthesis. Interestingly, the contents of gibberellins significantly increased in the rejuvenated leaves. Moreover, exogenous gibberellin treatment significantly increased GbCHS expression and flavonoid contents. Our findings show that truncation can stimulate tree rejuvenation by altering hormone levels, representing an effective and feasible approach for enhancing the biomass and flavonoid content of G. biloba leaves.
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analyses reveal that ethylene enhances peach susceptibility to Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced gummosis
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Shen Xingyi , Zhang He , Huang Xue , He Hanzi , Ye Junli , Cardinale Francesca , Liu Jihong , Liu Junwei , Li Guohuai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gummosis, one of the most detrimental diseases to the peach industry worldwide, can be induced by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Ethylene (ET) is known to trigger the production of gum exudates, but the mechanism underlying fungus-induced gummosis remains unclear. In this study, L. theobromae infection triggered the accumulation of ET and jasmonic acid (JA) but not salicylic acid (SA) in a susceptible peach variety. Gaseous ET and its biosynthetic precursor increased gum formation, whereas ET inhibitors repressed it. SA and methyl-jasmonate treatments did not influence gum formation. RNA-seq analysis indicated that L. theobromae infection and ET treatment induced a shared subset of 1808 differentially expressed genes, which were enriched in the category “starch and sucrose, UDP-sugars metabolism”. Metabolic and transcriptional profiling identified a pronounced role of ET in promoting the transformation of primary sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) into UDP-sugars, which are substrates of gum polysaccharide biosynthesis. Furthermore, ethylene insensitive3-like1 (EIL1), a key transcription factor in the ET pathway, could directly target the promoters of the UDP-sugar biosynthetic genes UXS1a, UXE, RGP and MPI and activate their transcription, as revealed by firefly luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays. On the other hand, the supply of SA and inhibitors of ET and JA decreased the lesion size. ET treatment reduced JA levels and the transcription of the JA biosynthetic gene OPR but increased the SA content and the expression of its biosynthetic gene PAL. Overall, we suggest that endogenous and exogenous ET aggravate gummosis disease by transactivating UDP-sugar metabolic genes through EIL1 and modulating JA and SA biosynthesis in L. theobromae-infected peach shoots. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism by which ET regulates plant defense responses in peach during L. theobromae infection.
First Report of the Bat Tick Carios kelleyi (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) From Vermont, United States
Authors: Sullivan Cheryl Frank , Occi James L , Brennan Reilly N , Robbins Richard G , Skinner Margaret , Bennett Alyssa B , Parker Bruce L , Fonseca Dina M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The soft tick Carios kelleyi (Cooley and Kohls, 1941) is an ectoparasite of bats that can harbor bacteria known to cause disease in humans, such as Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., and relapsing fever Borrelia spp. Human-tick encounters may occur when bats occupy attics or similar dwellings with access points to human-inhabited areas. During May 2021, a partially engorged adult female C. kelleyi was collected from a Vermont home with an attic that was being used as a roost by big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). The source of the blood in the tick was the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris. Subsequently, eight C. kelleyi larvae were collected from a rescued E. fuscus adult. This is the first report of a soft tick species from Vermont and it is unknown how long C. kelleyi has been present in this state. Reports of C. kelleyi are on the rise across the northeastern United States but the implications for the health of humans, domestic animals, and bats in northern New England remain unclear. Bat management plans should consider the importance of bat exclusion in preventing tick encounters with members of the household and should include a tick monitoring component if bats are evicted.
Rituximab as Maintenance Therapy in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: De Marchi Giulia , de Pretis Nicolò , Gabrieletto Enrico Maria , Amodio Antonio , Davì Valeria , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Gabbrielli Armando , Ciccocioppo Rachele , Frulloni Luca 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Rituximab (RTX) has been proposed for the induction of remission and maintenance therapy in relapsing type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). The aim of the study was to describe the use of RTX as maintenance therapy for patients with type 1 AIP.

Methods
Patients with type 1 AIP based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria and treated with RTX were selected from our database. Two doses of RTX (1000 mg each) were administered 15 days apart and repeated after 6 months.

Results
Eighteen patients were treated with RTX as maintenance therapy. Of these, the involvement of other organs was observed in 16 patients (89%). Eight of the 18 patients (44%) relapsed during follow-up. Median time to relapse after the last infusion was 30 months (range, 12–35 months). No disease relapse was observed in the first year after the last infusion. Probability of disease relapse was 80% between 1 and 3 years from initial treatment. No adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions
Rituximab seems be safe and effective for maintenance therapy of type 1 AIP during the first year after completing RTX infusion. However, the probability of disease relapse is high within 1 and 3 years from the last infusion.
Defining Practices to Avoid Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries in the Operating Room
Authors: Creehan Sue , Black Joyce 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality indicate that hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) and surgical site infections are the only 2 hospital-acquired conditions that have not improved. Consequently, health systems around the nation are struggling to lower HAPI rates and avoid penalties. All patient care areas of the hospital play a part in pressure injury (PI) development. Analysis of real-time PI data and completion of root cause analysis related to HAPIs can guide organizational leaders to specific clinical areas in need of improvement. Surgical patients are high risk for development of a PI due to their unique vulnerability from multiple transfers and induced immobility. Operating room (OR) nursing organizations and wound care professional organizations have published evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing prevention of PIs in the OR.

CASES:
This article discusses 2 surgical patients from 2 different academic medical centers who experienced OR-associated HAPIs. Operating room HAPI prevention measures should include current evidence-based practice recommendations. Each hospital should take a critical look at their OR HAPI prevention procedures and measure them against the current published guidelines, changing and updating them to reflect best practices for avoiding PI development. Clinicians from both the OR and WOC nurse team can provide expertise to develop confluent nursing practice standards for OR-associated HAPI reduction.

CONCLUSION:
This article highlights the commonalities found in the guidelines and encourages collaboration between WOC nurses and OR nurses in building and implementing pressure injury prevention practices associated with the OR.
Ostomy Complications and Quality of Life of Ostomy Support Belt/Garment Wearers
Authors: Pittman Joyce , Colwell Janice , Mulekar Madhuri S. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to examine ostomy complications and health-related quality of life (QOL) in individuals with an ostomy who wear an ostomy support belt/garment.

DESIGN:
A mixed-methods descriptive study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Two hundred two community-living adults with an ostomy were recruited using an industry distribution list. The target sample had no geographic restrictions.

METHODS:
Descriptive analysis was conducted for all outcomes. Participants were separated into groups depending on type of ostomy belt or belt/garment worn or none. All categorical data were summarized using percentages and numerical data using mean ± standard deviation. Association between categorical factors was evaluated using a χ2 test and proportions of occurrences from 2 groups were compared using a 2-proportion z-test. The mean outcomes for 2 or more groups were compared using t tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively. If ANOVA showed difference among groups, post hoc analysis of group means was conducted using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test.

RESULTS:
Two hundred two respondents completed the survey. Of the 174 participants who responded to the survey question on leakage, 157 (90%) reported experiencing leakage and 135 (77.59%) reported rash or skin irritation. Comparison of whether participants had ever experienced a leakage event was not significantly different across groups (P = .3663). Those who wore an ostomy support belt/garment reported leakage less often (less than once a month) versus respondents who wore other types of belts or no belt (n = 49, 73.13% vs n = 53, 59.55%; P = .0388). Of the 174 participants who responded to the peristomal skin question, 135 (77.59%) participants reported peristomal skin complications. Significantly fewer participants who wore an ostomy support belt/garment reported having peristomal skin irritation compared to those who wore other types of belts or no belt (69.01% vs 84.16%; P = .0080). The mean cumulative total City of Hope Quality of Life (COH QOL) Ostomy score for all participants was 6.45 ± 1.36 out of 10, with the psychosocial domain scoring the lowest at 5.67 ± 1.30 out of 10. No significant differences were observed in mean QOL domain and total scores by those who wore an ostomy support belt/garment, other type of belt/garment, and none. When comparing COH QOL mean scores and leakage frequency of more/less once a month, those who reported leakage more often had significantly worse QOL scores in all 4 domains as well as total scores: physical (P = .0008), psychological (P = .0154), social (P = .0056), spiritual (P = .0376), and total COH QOL score (P = .0018).

CONCLUSION:
This study provides important information related to ostomy complications and QOL associated with wearing an ostomy belt or belt/garment. The use of an ostomy support belt/garment may offer an additional intervention to decrease frequency of leakage and peristomal skin irritation and improve QOL.