bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Investigation of TCP Phase Formation, Stress Relaxation and γ/γ′ Lattice Misfit Evolution in Fourth Generation Single Crystal Ni-Base Superalloys by X-Ray High Temperature Diffraction
Authors: Bezold A. , Stone H. J. , Rae C. M. F. , Neumeier S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In nickel-based superalloys, the lattice misfit between the γ and γ′ phases and the propensity to TCP phase formation at service temperatures critically influence the microstructural evolution that takes place and hence the resultant mechanical properties. In this work, the lattice misfits of a series of highly alloyed Ru-containing 4th generation Ni-base superalloys are investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) at high temperature. While the lattice misfit values of all alloys range between − 0.3 and − 1.3 pct at room temperature, they show an atypical temperature dependence, becoming less negative above 900 °C. In situ XRD measurements at 1100 °C reveal that the majority of the internal coherency stresses are already relieved after two hours. This is particularly pronounced for the alloys that have both a lattice misfit larger than |0.6| pct at 1100 °C and are prone to TCP phase formation. However, throughout the relaxation of the internal coherency stresses the lattice misfit remains fairly constant. Due to the similar chemical compositions of the alloys studied, qualitative guidelines for an optimum lattice misfit magnitude are developed by comparing the lattice misfit values with previous creep experiments. Our results indicate that no universal optimal lattice misfit value exists for these alloys and the value strongly depends on the applied creep conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Study of the Crystallisation Reaction Behaviour to Obtain Struvite
Authors: Corona Francisco , Hidalgo Dolores , Martín-Marroquín Jesús María , Castro Juan , Sanz-Bedate Sergio , Antolín Gregorio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe potential of N and P recovering from digestate by means of its precipitation in the form of struvite is evident. However, it is necessary to optimise the process at a larger scale, to achieve results that can be extrapolated to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the process at an industrial scale. In this work, batch and pilot plant tests were carried out in order to consolidate, at a sufficiently relevant scale, the results obtained at lab scale. For this purpose, the parameters that have the greatest effect on the reaction yield in a fludised bed reactor were selected (Mg and P concentration, flow rate of the fluidising agent (air) and reaction time). Digestate produced in anaerobic digestion plant from pig manure was used as raw material. According to the results obtained, for the struvite crystallisation reaction, the great operational levels for the Mg/P, N/P, air flow rate and reaction time are 1.5, 4.0, 6.0 NL·min−1 and 0.5 h, respectively. Finally, a study was carried out to establish the agronomic potential of the salt (struvite) as a biofertiliser in the turf crop, obtaining a similar behaviour of the struvite used in this work to that of commercial struvite.
Graphical Abstract
Plowing-Extrusion Processes and Performance of Functional Surface Structures of Copper Current Collectors for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Chun , Yuan Wei , Chen Yu , Zhao Bote , Tang Yong , Zhang Shiwei , Ding Xinrui , He Jun , Chen Songmao , Pan Baoyou , Chen Mingyue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost copper current collectors for commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are smooth copper foils, which cannot form a stable and effective combination with electrode slurry. They are likely to deform or fall off after long-term operation, resulting in a sharp decline in battery performance. What is worse is that this condition inevitably causes internal short circuits and thus brings about security risks. In this study, a process route of fabricating the functional surface structures on the surface of a copper collector for LIBs by twice-crisscross micro-plowing (TCMP) is proposed, which provides a new idea and an efficient method to solve the above problems from the perspective of manufacturing. The finite element simulation of TCMP combined with the cutting force test and morphological characterization is conducted to verify the forming mechanism of the surface structures on a copper sheet and its relationship with the processing parameters. The influence of several key processing parameters on the surface characteristics of the copper sheet is comprehensively explored. A series of functions is tested to obtain the optimal parameters for performance improvement of the current collector. Results show that the structured copper sheet with the cutting distance of 250 μm, cutting depth of 80 μm, and cutting crossing angle of 90° enables the best surface features of the current collector; the contact angle reaches 0°, the slurry retention rate is up to 89.2%, and the friction coefficient reaches 0.074. The battery using the as-prepared structured copper sheet as the current collector produces a specific capacity of 318.6 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C, which is 132.7% higher than the one based on a smooth surface. The capacity reversibility of the sample with the new current collector is much better than that of the traditional samples, yielding a lower impedance.
Microscopic theory for nuclear fission dynamics
Authors: Sadhukhan Jhilam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNuclear theory research is undergoing a renaissance owing to the recent advancements in the high-performance computing. As nucleus is a quantum many-body system with complicated interparticle interactions, initial theoretical developments were predominantly based on different phenomenological models derived with the help of numerous simplifying assumptions. Although appropriate nuclear many-body theories were formulated, these were hardly adopted in practical applications because of computational limitations. However, since the last decade, this scenario has changed as a result of rapid improvements in the computational power and the associated numerical techniques. Realistic microscopic theories with superior predictive power are now routinely used even for systems which are far beyond the laboratory reach. This review discusses recent achievements in the microscopic theories of large amplitude nuclear dynamics. Particularly, after a succinct historical introduction, emphasis is given to the discussions on the microscopic modelling of nuclear fission dynamics. Also, related future directions are mentioned in brief.
The North–South Asymmetry of Martian Ionosphere and Thermosphere
Authors: Le Huijun , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Zhang Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBased on Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN's neutral composition and Langmuir probe electron density and temperature data, we statistically analyzed the climatic variations of the Martian thermosphere and ionosphere and found significant north–south asymmetry. In winter and summer, the asymmetry mainly originates from the north–south asymmetry of the solar zenith angle. However, the observed data still exhibit significant north–south asymmetry in equinox seasons. Under low solar extreme ultraviolet radiation, the thermospheric neutral density in the northern hemisphere is higher than that in the southern hemisphere. As solar radiation increases, the neutral density in the southern hemisphere gradually exceeds that in the northern hemisphere. In addition, the southern hemisphere density increases nonlinearly with the increase of solar radiation, whereas the northern hemisphere density increases linearly. The electron density and electron temperature in the Martian ionosphere also exhibit similar north–south asymmetry. The asymmetries in the ionosphere and thermosphere between the northern and southern hemispheres are likely related to significant differences in Mars' north–south topography or to north–south asymmetries in the residual magnetic field. After preliminary analysis, we found that the north–south asymmetry of Mars' remaining magnetic field would intensify the hemispheric asymmetry of the ionospheric electron density, but have no effect on the thermospheric neutral density. The hemispheric asymmetry may be primarily related to the significant difference in Mars' north–south topography.
The Effect of Large Wood Accumulations With Rootwads on Local Geomorphic Changes
Authors: Ravazzolo D. , Spreitzer G. , Tunnicliffe J. , Friedrich H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge wood (LW) can be transported along a river during floods, increasing flood‐associated hazards, particularly when it accumulates at river‐spanning infrastructures such as bridges and weirs. While most flume studies have explored LW movement with simple wooden elements (dowels), only a few studies have used elements with more complex LW geometries, such as rootwads, under unsteady flow conditions. Quantitative assessment of interactions amongst more complex wood elements and river flow has rarely been attempted the effect of this additional complication has even been ignored, in both field and laboratory studies. In this study, flume experiments were conducted to assess the effect of rootwads on local scour and deposition in a flume with a mobile gravel‐bed. The experiment was conducted under unsteady flow conditions, with a constricted segment of the reach, recreating conditions to wood accumulations and blockage. Results revealed that LW with rootwads tends to generate more stable accumulations than LW without rootwads, leading to the formation of more porous loosely packed accumulations. In this initial set of flume experiments, the patterns of scour were quite variable, but on average, the porous and stable LW accumulations with rootwads showed more spatially extensive disturbance of the bed. LW accumulations without rootwads led to the development of scour pits that reached the bottom of the flume more quickly than in the LW accumulations without rootwads. The mean accumulated bedload volumes were of similar magnitude overall, however, highlighting the many contingencies in the chain of processes between dam formation and resultant bed scour.
Transcription associated cyclin-dependent kinases as therapeutic targets for prostate cancer
Authors: Constantin Theodora A. , Greenland Kyle K. , Varela-Carver Anabel , Bevan Charlotte L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTranscriptional deregulation has emerged as a hallmark of several cancer types. In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, a stage in which systemic androgen deprivation therapies fail to show clinical benefit, transcriptional addiction to the androgen receptor is maintained in most patients. This has led to increased efforts to find novel therapies that prevent oncogenic transactivation of the androgen receptor. In this context, a group of druggable protein kinases, known as transcription associated cyclin-dependent kinases (tCDKs), show great potential as therapeutic targets. Despite initial reservations about targeting tCDKs due to their ubiquitous and prerequisite nature, preclinical studies showed that selectively inhibiting such kinases could provide sufficient therapeutic window to exert antitumour effects in the absence of systemic toxicity. As a result, several highly specific inhibitors are currently being trialled in solid tumours, including prostate cancer. This article summarises the roles of tCDKs in regulating gene transcription and highlights rationales for their targeting in prostate cancer. It provides an overview of the most recent developments in this therapeutic area, including the most recent clinical advances, and discusses the utility of tCDK inhibitors in combination with established cancer agents.
Comparison of fludarabine–melphalan and fludarabine–treosulfan as conditioning prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation—a registry study on behalf of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party
Authors: Duque-Afonso Jesus , Finke Jürgen , Labopin Myriam , Craddock Charles , Protheroe Rachel , Kottaridis Panagiotis , Tholouli Eleni , Byrne Jenny L. , Orchard Kim , Salmenniemi Urpu , Hilgendorf Inken , Hunter Hannah , Nicholson Emma , Bloor Adrian , Snowden John A. , Verbeek Mareike , Clark Andrew , Savani Bipin N. , Spyridonidis Alexandros , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years considerable variations in conditioning protocols for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) protocols have been introduced for higher efficacy, lower toxicity, and better outcomes. To overcome the limitations of the classical definition of reduced intensity and myeloablative conditioning, a transplantation conditioning intensity (TCI) score had been developed. In this study, we compared outcome after two frequently used single alkylator-based conditioning protocols from the intermediate TCI score category, fludarabine/melphalan 140 mg/m2 (FluMel) and fludarabine/treosulfan 42 g/m2 (FluTreo) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in complete remission (CR). This retrospective analysis from the registry of the Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP) of the European Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) database included 1427 adult patients (median age 58.2 years) receiving either Flu/Mel (n = 1005) or Flu/Treo (n = 422). Both groups showed similar 3-year overall survival (OS) (54% vs 51.2%, p value 0.49) for patients conditioned with FluMel and FluTreo, respectively. However, patients treated with FluMel showed a reduced 3-year relapse incidence (32.4% vs. 40.4%, p value < 0.001) and slightly increased non-relapse mortality (NRM) (25.7% vs. 20.2%, p value = 0.06) compared to patients treated with FluTreo. Our data may serve as a basis for further studies examining the role of additional agents/ intensifications in conditioning prior to allo-HCT.
Molecular insights into ligand recognition and activation of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3
Authors: Shao Zhehua , Tan Yangxia , Shen Qingya , Hou Li , Yao Bingpeng , Qin Jiao , Xu Peiyu , Mao Chunyou , Chen Li-Nan , Zhang Huibing , Shen Dan-Dan , Zhang Chao , Li Weijie , Du Xufei , Li Fei , Chen Zhi-Hua , Jiang Yi , Xu H. Eric , Ying Songmin , Ma Honglei , Zhang Yan , Shen Huahao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChemokine receptors are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors with key roles in leukocyte migration and inflammatory responses. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of two human CC chemokine receptor–G-protein complexes: CCR2 bound to its endogenous ligand CCL2, and CCR3 in the apo state. The structure of the CCL2–CCR2–G-protein complex reveals that CCL2 inserts deeply into the extracellular half of the transmembrane domain, and forms substantial interactions with the receptor through the most N-terminal glutamine. Extensive hydrophobic and polar interactions are present between both two chemokine receptors and the Gα-protein, contributing to the constitutive activity of these receptors. Notably, complemented with functional experiments, the interactions around intracellular loop 2 of the receptors are found to be conserved and play a more critical role in G-protein activation than those around intracellular loop 3. Together, our findings provide structural insights into chemokine recognition and receptor activation, shedding lights on drug design targeting chemokine receptors.
Nighttime smartphone use and changes in mental health and wellbeing among young adults: a longitudinal study based on high-resolution tracking data
Authors: Dissing Agnete Skovlund , Andersen Thea Otte , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Lund Rikke , Rod Naja Hulvej 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFrequent nighttime smartphone use can disturb healthy sleep patterns and may adversely affect mental health and wellbeing. This study aims at investigating whether nighttime smartphone use increases the risk of poor mental health, i.e. loneliness, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and low life satisfaction among young adults. High-dimensional tracking data from the Copenhagen Network Study was used to objectively measure nighttime smartphone activity. We recorded more than 250,000 smartphone activities during self-reported sleep periods among 815 young adults (university students, mean age: 21.6 years, males: 77%) over 16 weekdays period. Mental health was measured at baseline using validated measures, and again at follow-up four months later. Associations between nighttime smartphone use and mental health were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up using multiple linear regression adjusting for potential confounding. Nighttime smartphone use was associated with a slightly higher level of perceived stress and depressive symptoms at baseline. For example, participants having 1–3 nights with smartphone use (out of 16 observed nights) had on average a 0.25 higher score (95%CI:0.08;0.41) on the Perceived stress scale ranging from 0 to 10. These differences were small and could not be replicated at follow-up. Contrary to the prevailing hypothesis, nighttime smartphone use is not strongly related to poor mental health, potentially because smartphone use is also a social phenomenon with associated benefits for mental health.
Climate-catchment-soil control on hydrological droughts in peninsular India
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi , Singh Bhupinderjeet , Reddy Nagarjuna N. , Raut Aparna , Mishra Debasish , Das Bhabani Sankar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost land surface system models and observational assessments ignore detailed soil characteristics while describing the drought attributes such as growth, duration, recovery, and the termination rate of the event. With the national-scale digital soil maps available for India, we assessed the climate-catchment-soil nexus using daily observed streamflow records from 98 sites in tropical rain-dominated catchments of peninsular India (8–25° N, 72–86° E). Results indicated that climate-catchment-soil properties may control hydrological drought attributes to the tune of 14–70%. While terrain features are dominant drivers for drought growth, contributing around 50% variability, soil attributes contribute ~ 71.5% variability in drought duration. Finally, soil and climatic factors together control the resilience and termination rate. The most relevant climate characteristics are potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture, rainfall, and temperature; temperature and soil moisture are dominant controls for streamflow drought resilience. Among different soil properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock could resist drought propagation, despite low-carbon soils across the Indian subcontinent. The findings highlight the need for accounting feedback among climate, soil, and topographical properties in catchment-scale drought propagations.
Cubic-meter scale laboratory fault re-activation experiments to improve the understanding of induced seismicity risks
Authors: Oye Volker , Stanchits Sergey , Babarinde Oladipupo , Bauer Robert , Dichiarante Anna Maria , Langet Nadège , Goertz-Allmann Bettina , Frailey Scott 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo understand fluid induced seismicity, we have designed a large-scale laboratory experiment consisting of a one-cubic-meter sandstone with an artificial fault cut and fluid-injection boreholes. The sandstone block is assembled in a true triaxial loading frame and equipped with 38 piezoelectric sensors to locate and characterise acoustic emission events. The differential stress on the artificial fault is increased in stages to bring it towards a critically stressed state. After each stage of differential stress increase, fluids are injected at low pressures through boreholes to test the potential of fault re-activation. In addition, a high-pressure injection was conducted that created a hydraulic fracture from the injection borehole towards the artificial fault. The newly generated fluid pathway resulted in an activation of the complete block through a stick–slip movement. We compare acoustic emission measurements from the laboratory experiment with seismicity observations from the field-scale CO2 injection at Decatur, Illinois, U.S., and conclude that the existence of fluid pathways plays a decisive role for the potential of induced seismicity.
Triaxiality in galaxy clusters: Mass versus potential reconstructions
Authors: Stapelberg S. , Tchernin C. , Hug D. , Lau E. T. , Bartelmann M. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Accounting for the triaxial shapes of galaxy clusters will become important in the context of upcoming cosmological surveys. This will provide a challenge given that the density distribution of gas cannot be described by simple geometrical models without loss of information.
Aims. We investigate the effects of simple 3D models on cluster gravitational potentials and gas density distribution to determine which of these quantities is most suitable and appropriate for characterising galaxy clusters in cosmological studies.
Methods. We use a statistical sample of 85 galaxy clusters from a large cosmological N-body + hydrodynamical simulation to investigate cluster shapes as a function of radius for both gas density and potential. We examine how the resulting parameters are affected by the substructure removal (for the gas density) and by the definition of the computation volume (interior vs. shells).
Results. We find that the orientation and axis ratio of gas isodensity contours are degenerate with the presence of substructures and are unstable against fluctuations. Moreover, as the derived cluster shape depends on the method used for removing the substructures, thermodynamic properties extracted from the X-ray emissivity profile, for example, suffer from this additional and often underestimated bias. In contrast, the shapes of the smooth cluster potentials are less affected by fluctuations and converge towards simple geometrical models, both in the case of relaxed and dynamically active clusters.
Conclusions. The observation that cluster potentials can be represented better by simple geometrical models and reconstructed with a lower level of systematic error for both dynamically active and relaxed clusters suggests that characterising galaxy clusters by their potential is a promising alternative to using cluster masses in cluster cosmology. With this approach, dynamically active and relaxed clusters could be combined in cosmological studies, improving statistics and lowering scatter.