bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of evaluation parameters for resistance to Fusarium wilt in cotton caused by Fusarium wilt race 4 (Fusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectum)
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Zhu Yi , Elkins‐Arce Heather D. , Wheeler Terry , Dever Jane , Whitelock Derek , Hake Kater , Wedegaertner Tom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFusarium wilt, caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectumrace 4 (FOV4), is an early season vascular disease with symptoms including seedling wilt and mortality. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between mortality rate (MR) and disease severity rating (DSR) based on root vascular staining (RVS)‐DSR and stem vascular discoloration (SVD)‐DSR in the field and the relationship of MR in controlled conditions with MR and DSR in the field. Results from two field tests and two greenhouse tests each with a Latin square design for eight cultivars of cotton (Gossypiumspp.) and two field progeny‐row tests were analyzed. In the field, MR at the square stage was significantly correlated with both DSR (RVS) and DSR (SVD) at crop maturity, and they were also significantly correlated with DSR based on both MR and RVS‐DSR (MR+RVS) and both MR and SVD‐DSR (MR+SVD). The results show that DSR (MR+RVS) was the most accurate in assessing FOV4 resistance, and DSR (SVD) and DSR (MR+SVD) can be used in combination with DSR (RVS) and DSR (MR+RVS), or as the substitutes for RVS. Mortality rate in the greenhouse was significantly correlated with MR and DSR (MR+RVS) and DSR (MR+SVD) in the field, indicating consistency between evaluations under both conditions. Furthermore, foliar symptoms‐based MR and DSR under controlled‐conditions were significantly correlated, with coefficients of variation at 20 to 30% in other related studies. The results confirm the validity of using the two parameters in greenhouse evaluations for FOV4 resistance in cotton.
Human well‐being and per capita energy use
Authors: Jackson Robert B. , Ahlström Anders , Hugelius Gustaf , Wang Chenghao , Porporato Amilcare , Ramaswami Anu , Roy Joyashree , Yin Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreased wealth and per capita energy use have transformed lives and shaped societies, but energy poverty remains a global challenge. Previous research has shown positive relationships among metrics of health and happiness and economic indices such as income and gross domestic product and between energy use and human development. To our knowledge, however, no comprehensive assessment has examined to what extent energy use may limit national‐level trends in such metrics. We analyze the maximum global performance of nine health, economic, and environmental metrics by country, determining which metrics increase with per capita energy use and which show thresholds or plateaus in maximum performance. Across the dataset, eight of nine metrics, including life expectancy, infant mortality, happiness, food supply, and access to basic sanitation services, improve steeply and then plateau at levels of average primary annual energy consumption between 10 and 75 GJ person−1 computed nationally (five metrics plateau between 10 and 30 GJ person−1). One notable exception is air quality (energy threshold of 125 GJ person−1 across 133 countries). Averaged across metrics, the 10 countries (with at least seven metrics) showing the best performance given their per capita primary energy use are Malta, Sri Lanka, Cuba, Albania, Iceland, Finland, Bangladesh, Norway, Morocco, and Denmark. If distributed equitably, today's average global energy consumption of 79 GJ person−1 could, in principle, allow everyone on Earth to realize 95% or more of maximum performance across all metrics (and assuming no other limiting factors). Dozens of countries have average per capita energy use below this 79 GJ energy sufficiency threshold, highlighting the need to combat energy poverty. Surprisingly, our analysis also suggests that reduced per capita primary energy consumption could in principle occur in many higher energy‐consuming countries with little or no loss in health, happiness, or other outcomes, reducing the need for global energy infrastructure and increasing global equity.
Regional variation drives differences in microbial communities associated with sugar maple across a latitudinal range
Authors: De Bellis Tonia , Laforest‐Lapointe Isabelle , Solarik Kevin A. , Gravel Dominique , Kembel Steven W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change is prompting plants to migrate and establish novel interactions in new habitats. Because of the pivotal roles that microbes have on plant health and function, it is important to understand the ecological consequences of these shifts in host–microbe interactions with range expansion. Here we examine how the diversity of plant‐associated microbes varies along the host's current range and extended range according with climate change predictions, and assess the relative influence of host genotype (seed provenance) and environment in structuring the host microbiome. We collected sugar maple seeds from across the species current range, then planted them in temperate and mixedwood/transitional forests (current range) and in the boreal region (beyond range but predicted future range in response to climate change). We used amplicon sequencing to quantify bacterial, fungal, and mycorrhizal communities from seedling leaves and roots. Variation among sites and regions were the main drivers of the differences in host microbial communities, whereas seed provenance did not play a large role. No unifying pattern was observed for microbial community richness, diversity, or specialization, demonstrating the complexity of responses of different taxa on above‐ and belowground plant compartments. Along the latitudinal gradient, we (1) observed reductions in mycorrhizal diversity that can negatively impact maple establishment; (2) and revealed reductions in fungal leaf pathogens that can have opposite effects. Our results highlight the need for an integrated approach including the examination of various microbial taxa on different plant compartments to improve our understanding of plant range shifts and plant–microbe interactions.
Diagnostic performance of nutritional indicators in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kinugasa Yoshiharu , Sota Takeshi , Kamitani Hiroko , Nakayama Natsuko , Nakamura Kensuke , Hirai Masayuki , Yanagihara Kiyotaka , Kato Masahiko , Ono Taisuke , Takahashi Masashige , Matsuo Hisashi , Matsukawa Ryuichi , Yoshida Ichiro , Kakinoki Shigeo , Yonezawa Kazuya , Himura Yoshihiro , Yokota Takashi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Tsuchihashi‐Makaya Miyuki , Kinugawa Shintaro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the nutritional indicators, the mini nutritional assessment‐short form (MNA‐SF), the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and the controlling nutritional status (CONUT), in heart failure (HF) patients.Methods and resultsNutritional status was prospectively assessed by the aforementioned three nutritional indicators in 150 outpatients with HF who were then followed for 1 year. The prevalence of patients with the nutritional risk as assessed by the MNA‐SF, GNRI, and CONUT scores was 50.0%, 13.3%, and 54.0%, respectively. There was slight agreement of nutritional risk assessment between the MNA‐SF and GNRI scores (κ coefficient = 0.16), as well as the GNRI and CONUT scores (κ = 0.11), but poor agreement between the MNA‐SF and CONUT scores (κ = −0.09). The CONUT score had the lowest area under the curve (AUC) for the identification of low body weight, low muscle mass, and low physical function among the three indicators (all P < 0.05). Compared with the MNA‐SF score, both the GNRI and CONUT scores had lower AUCs for the identification of reduced dietary intake and weight loss (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in predicting all‐cause mortality or HF rehospitalization among the three indicators. The prescription of statins reduced the diagnostic performance of the CONUT score, as the CONUT score includes cholesterol level assessment.ConclusionsOf the three indicators, the diagnostic ability of the MNA‐SF score was the highest, and that of the CONUT score was the lowest, for the assessment of HF patient nutritional status. The CONUT score may misrepresent nutritional status, particularly in patients receiving statins.
In situ Growth of Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticles on 316L Stainless Steel Foam: An Efficient Three‐dimensional Non‐enzymatic Glucose Electrochemical Sensor in Real Human Blood Serum Samples
Authors: Drissi Widad , Lyamine Chelaghmia Mohamed , Nacef Mouna , Mohamed Affoune Abed , Satha Hamid , Kihal Rafiaa , Fisli Hassina , Boukharouba Chahira , Pontié Maxime 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor the first time, nickel hydroxide nanoparticles (Ni(OH)2 NPs) grown on 316L stainless steel foam were used as a non‐enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor. The Ni(OH)2/SSF‐316L was elaborated by applying a simple ultrafast CV method without nickel salts addition. Ni(OH)2/SSF‐316L was characterized by SEM and XRD. The electrochemical behavior was investigated by CV, EIS, and amperometric measurements. The fabricated sensor revealed higher sensitivity 1062 μA mM−1cm−2, wide linear range from 1.0 μM to 4.0 mM with a low detection limit of 2.0 μM and good selectivity. In addition, real sample analysis was performed for controlled glucose in real blood serum.
Contributions to the Flora of Iraq: Stachys bhattacharjeei sp. nov. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Güner Özal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStachys bhattacharjeei (Lamiaceae), a new species from northeast Iraq, is described and illustrated here. It is endemic to Iraq. Hairiness, leaves, the arrangement of verticillasters, and calyx and corolla length have been used to distinguish Stachys species. The new species, belonging to section Fragilicaulis, is similar to S. graveolens but differs mainly by glabrous flowering stems, more flowered and many verticillasters, very short calyx teeth and white corolla. This paper also presents some taxonomic notes on S. graveolens, information about a suspected hybrid between S. graveolens and S. fragillima, a diagnostic key, and a species list of the genus Stachys in Iraq.
Endocannabinoid signaling in oligodendroglia
Authors: Molina‐Holgado Eduardo , Esteban Pedro F. , Arevalo‐Martin Ángel , Moreno‐Luna Rafael , Molina‐Holgado Francisco , Garcia‐Ovejero Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes synthesize the myelin, a specialized membrane to wrap axons in a discontinuous way allowing a rapid saltatory nerve impulse conduction. Oligodendrocytes express a number of growth factors and neurotransmitters receptors that allow them to sense the environment and interact with neurons and other glial cells. Depending on the cell cycle stage, oligodendrocytes may respond to these signals by regulating their survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Among these signals are the endocannabinoids, lipidic molecules synthesized from phospholipids in the plasma membrane in response to cell activation. Here, we discuss the evidence showing that oligodendrocytes express a full endocannabinoid signaling machinery involved in physiological oligodendrocyte functions that can be therapeutically exploited to promote remyelination in central nervous system pathologies.
Psychiatric disorders and risk of subsequent dementia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Stafford Jean , Chung Wing Tung , Sommerlad Andrew , Kirkbride James B. , Howard Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesAlthough psychiatric disorders have been found to be associated with increased risk of dementia, previous findings are mixed, and the nature of these relationships remains poorly understood. We examined longitudinal associations between depression, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), bipolar disorder (BPD), psychotic disorders and subsequent dementia.MethodsWe searched three databases for longitudinal, population‐based studies investigating associations between psychiatric disorders and dementia (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020209638). We conducted narrative synthesis, and random‐effects meta‐analyses to obtain pooled estimates. We used meta‐regression and stratified analyses to examine variation by sex, age‐at‐onset and follow‐up time.ResultsFifty‐seven citations met eligibility criteria. Most studies focussed on depression (n = 33), which was associated with subsequent all‐cause dementia (pooled relative risk [RR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–2.43; I2 = 96.5%), Alzheimer's Disease (pooled RR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.52–2.38; I2 = 85.5%), and Vascular Dementia (pooled RR: 2.71, 95% CI: 2.48–2.97; I2 = 0). Associations were stronger in studies with shorter follow‐up periods and for severe and late‐onset depression. Findings regarding anxiety were mixed, and we did not find evidence of an overall association (pooled RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.96–1.45; I2 = 52.2%, n = 5). Despite sparse evidence, psychotic disorders (pooled RR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.44–3.31; I2 = 99%), PTSD and BPD were associated with subsequent dementia.ConclusionsPeople with psychiatric disorders represent high‐risk groups for dementia, highlighting the importance of ongoing symptom monitoring in these groups. Findings regarding temporality and age‐at‐onset indicate that depression symptoms could reflect prodromal dementia for some individuals. Further longitudinal research is required to determine whether psychiatric disorders represent causal risk factors or early markers of dementia neuropathology.
Perceived discrimination and cognitive function among older Puerto Ricans in Boston: The mediating role of depression
Authors: Wang Kaipeng , Maglalang Dale Dagar , Woo Bongki , De Fries Carson M. , Hasche Leslie K. , Falcón Luis M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine (1) the association between perceived discrimination, including everyday perceived discrimination and major lifetime perceived discrimination, and cognitive function and (2) the mediating role of depression between discrimination and cognitive function among older Puerto Ricans.MethodsData came from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, collected from 562 Puerto Ricans aged 60+. Structural Equation Modelling was used to examine the association between discrimination and cognitive function and the mediating effect of depression.ResultsEveryday perceived discrimination was negatively associated with cognitive function, which was fully mediated by depression. Major Lifetime perceived discrimination was not associated with cognitive function.ConclusionsThe findings contribute new information regarding the impact of perceived discrimination on cognitive function among older Puerto Ricans and underscore the importance of assessing experiences of discrimination to prevent depression and cognitive decline in this population.
Effect of hepatic steatosis and associated metabolic comorbidities on health‐related quality of life in people living with HIV
Authors: Michel Maurice , Labenz Christian , Anders Malena , Wahl Alisha , Girolstein Lisann , Kaps Leonard , Kremer Wolfgang M. , Huber Yvonne , Galle Peter R. , Sprinzl Martin , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hepatic steatosis (HS) related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally. In people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) risk factors of HS are increased. The impact of HS on outcomes and in particular health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in PLWH remains unknown. The aim of this cross‐sectional cohort study (FLASH, Prevalence of Advanced Fibrosis in Patients Living With HIV) was to determine the contribution of HS on HRQL in PLWH and to identify confounders on HRQL. A total of 245 PLWH were prospectively enrolled. HS was assessed using vibration‐controlled transient elastography and defined as a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) of ≥ 275 dB/m. The analysis was performed between CAP < 275 and ≥ 275 dB/m. The generic European Quality‐of‐Life 5‐Dimension 5‐Level questionnaire was used to determine differences in the HRQL. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify predictors with impaired HRQL in both groups. In this cohort, 65% (n = 160) presented without and 35% (n = 85) with HS, of whom most had NAFLD (n = 65, 76.5%). The HRQL (UI‐value) was significantly lower in PLWH and steatosis (0.86 ± 0.18) in comparison with no steatosis (0.92 ± 0.13). Unemployment (p = 0.025) and waist circumference (p = 0.017) remained independent predictors of a poor HRQL in the steatosis subgroup. In turn, age (p = 0.045), female sex (p = 0.030), body mass index (p = 0.010), and arterial hypertension (p = 0.025) were independent predictors of a low HRQL in the subgroup without steatosis. Conclusion: HS and metabolic comorbidities negatively affect the HRQL. Addressing these factors may improve patient‐reported and liver‐related outcomes in PLWH.
An analysis of current obesity strategies for adolescents in NSW against best practice recommendations: Implications for researchers, policymakers and practitioners
Authors: Partridge Stephanie R. , Reece Lindsey , Sim Kyra A. , Todd Allyson , Jia Si Si , Raeside Rebecca , Schirmer Teisha , Phongsavan Philayrath , Redfern Julie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIssue addressedObesity is a significant health challenge facing adolescents. There is a critical need for government action to support all adolescents to improve risk factors for obesity. This study critically appraised initiatives, guidelines and policies (termed “strategies”) from local health districts (LHDs), speciality health networks and Primary Health Networks (PHNs) across New South Wales (NSW), relevant to the prevention and management of obesity amongst adolescents and compare these to best practice recommendations.MethodsWe critically appraised strategies against best practice recommendations that included support, access, responsiveness to needs, supportive environment, monitoring and evaluation and health equity. Strategies were collected by systematically searching websites of 15 LHDs, one speciality health network and 10 PHNs.ResultsThere was evidence of strategies regarding adolescent obesity prevention and management across all best practice recommendations. There was limited evidence of adolescent consumer participation, digital strategies for health services and online health information. There were minimal targeted public or school‐based education campaigns and interventions on physical activity or nutrition. Place‐based approaches such as sports and recreation facilities were not included in policies regarding the sale of healthy food and drinks. Evaluation evidence across all strategies was minimal.ConclusionsNumerous strategies are being implemented across NSW to address adolescent obesity. Despite this, the alignment of strategies with best practice recommendations is poor and evidence of progress in tackling adolescent obesity remains unclear.So what?Opportunities to generate and translate best practice evidence within government strategies for obesity must be prioritised with embedded measurement and evaluation plans.
Characteristics of nonparticipants in a randomised colorectal cancer screening trial comparing sigmoidoscopy and faecal immunochemical testing
Authors: Botteri Edoardo , Hoff Geir , Randel Kristin R. , Holme Øyvind , de Lange Thomas , Bernklev Tomm , Aas Eline , Berthelsen Mona , Natvig Erik , Kirkøen Benedicte , Knudsen Markus D. , Kværner Ane S. , Schult Anna L. , Ursin Giske , Jørgensen Anita , Berstad Paula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPublic health systems should guarantee universal access to health care services, including cancer screening. We assessed whether certain population subgroups were underrepresented among participants in colorectal cancer screening with sigmoidoscopy and faecal immunochemical testing (FIT). Between 2012 and 2019, about 140 000 individuals aged 50 to 74 years were randomly invited to once‐only sigmoidoscopy or first round of FIT screening. Our study included 46 919 individuals invited to sigmoidoscopy and 70 019 to FIT between 2012 and 2017. We used logistic regression models to evaluate if demographic and socioeconomic factors and use of certain drugs were associated with participation. Twenty‐four thousand one hundred and fifty‐nine (51.5%) individuals attended sigmoidoscopy and 40 931 (58.5%) FIT screening. Male gender, young age, low education and income, being retired or unemployed, living alone, being an immigrant, long driving time to screening centre, and use of antidiabetic and psychotropic drugs were associated with low participation in both screening groups. Many of these factors also predicted low acceptance of colonoscopy after positive FIT. While male gender, young age and living alone were more strongly associated with nonparticipation in FIT than sigmoidoscopy, low education and income, being retired or immigrant and long driving time were more strongly associated with nonparticipation in sigmoidoscopy than FIT. In conclusion, participation was lower in sigmoidoscopy than FIT. Predictors of nonparticipation were similar between arms. However, low socioeconomic status, being an immigrant and long driving time affected participation more in sigmoidoscopy screening, suggesting that FIT may guarantee more equal access to screening services than sigmoidoscopy.
Ischemic proctitis after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy using hydrogel spacer for prostate cancer
Authors: Toriumi Ren , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Sakurai Takayuki , Takamatsu Shigeyuki , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionRecently, an absorbable hydrogel spacer is becoming more widespread to reduce rectal radiation dose for radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer.Case presentationA 79‐year‐old male patient was referred to our hospital for radical treatment of organ‐confined prostate cancer. Low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy was performed, and the hydrogel spacer injection was added. The spacer was properly injected between the prostate and the rectum, causing no acute complications during hospitalization. Two months after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy, the patient visited our hospital with constipation and melena, without fever. He was diagnosed with ischemic proctitis based on clinical courses and examinations. He was hospitalized for 19 days and made a complete recovery with conservative treatment.ConclusionsHerein, we report the first case of ischemic proctitis after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy using hydrogel spacer for prostate cancer.
On the Road with Digital Engineering
Authors: Possehl Stephanie L. , Zimmerman Philomena , Gilbert Tracee , Salvatore Frank 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe United States (US) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (OUSD (R&E)) launched its strategy to introduce digital engineering in 2018. This was a catalyst to modernize engineering practice across the spectrum of the US Department of Defense (DoD) activities by transforming engineering capabilities to drive agility, innovation, and efficiency into engineering practice. Since that time, the DoD, and our Military Services, government agencies, industry, academia, and international partners are implementing digital engineering. This paper provides a historical perspective of how the digital engineering concept evolved and offers insights on lessons learned.
Creating the Digital Thread
Authors: Toriello Michael 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article the author defines the digital thread and related terms. The author discusses the topics of disparate data sources and interdisciplinary traceability, relative to digital engineering. The author offers approaches to creating the digital thread, including detailed explanations of trace link properties. The author explains an example digital thread from a sample United States Army program and presents guidance for creating and using digital threads.