bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of effects of continued corticosteroid treatment on cardiac and pulmonary function in non‐ambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy from MD STARnet
Authors: Butterfield Russell J. , Kirkov Sergey , Conway Kristin M. , Johnson Nicholas , Matthews Dennis , Phan Han , Cai Bo , Paramsothy Pangaja , Thomas Shiny , Feldkamp Marcia L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsCorticosteroids have been shown to improve muscle strength and delay loss of ambulation (LOA) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and are considered standard of care despite significant side‐effects. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether corticosteroid treatment after LOA is beneficial for cardiac or pulmonary functions among boys with DMD.MethodsWe used the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet) to characterize associations between corticosteroid use and onset of abnormal left ventricular (LV) function or abnormal percent predicted forced vital capacity (ppFVC) among 398 non‐ambulatory boys with DMD. Kaplan–Meier curve estimation was used to compare time to onset by corticosteroid use groups; Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsWe found no differences in time to onset of abnormal LV function by corticosteroid use groups. We observed a longer time from LOA to first abnormal ppFVC in boys that were treated with corticosteroid ≥1 y beyond LOA compared with those with no corticosteroid use or those who stopped corticosteroid use within 1 y of LOA.DiscussionOur findings show no association of corticosteroid use beyond LOA with the onset of abnormal LV function, but a significant association with a delay in onset of abnormal ppFVC. Prospective studies of corticosteroid use in boys with DMD who have lost ambulation may identify benefits and can better elucidate risks, allowing for more effective counseling of patients on continuing treatment after LOA.
Effect of malnutrition on outcomes in patients with heart failure: A large retrospective propensity score–matched cohort study
Authors: Qian Yunzhi , Qian Xinxuan , Shen Max , Vu Alexander , Seres David S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) is highly prevalent, whereas malnutrition is generally associated with poorer hospital outcomes, and it is not uncommon in patients with HF. Prior studies of the effect of malnutrition on HF outcomes are limited in size and quality. This study aims to elucidate the association between malnutrition and hospital length of stay (LOS), mortality, and discharge destination in patients with HF.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of medical records for inpatients admitted with a primary diagnosis of HF in 2018. Patients with HF and severe protein‐calorie malnutrition were compared with those without malnutrition. A two‐sided t‐test was conducted between patients who have HF with and without malnutrition on hospital outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was developed to identify potential predictors of malnutrition. A propensity score was calculated for each patient and matched cases (malnutrition with nonmalnutrition) to balance covariates and reduce bias.ResultsFor N = 7079, the median age was 75 years, with 15.79% having severe malnutrition. Overall mortality was 5.57% (394 deceased) . There were significant associations between malnutrition and both mortality (relative risk, 2.22; P < 0.001) and LOS (10 vs 5 days, P < 0.001) in patients with HF. Significantly fewer patients with malnutrition were discharged home (odds ratio, 0.41; P < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with HF and malnutrition have higher risk for mortality, increased LOS in the hospital, and decreased chance of being discharged home. Continued study of this population is required to better predict which patients with malnutrition will respond to nutrition interventions.
SARC‐F and SARC‐CalF are associated with sarcopenia traits in hemodialysis patients
Authors: P. Duarte Marvery , Ribeiro Heitor S. , Almeida Lucas S. , Baião Victor M. , Inda‐Filho Antônio , Avesani Carla Maria , Ferreira Aparecido P. , Lima Ricardo M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe SARC‐F questionnaire assesses sarcopenia risk. The addition of a calf circumference measurement, known as SARC‐CalF, has been recently proposed. We investigated possible associations of SARC‐F and SARC‐CalF with sarcopenia traits in patients undergoing hemodialysis.MethodsThirty patients (17 men; 57 ± 15 years) were enrolled. Sarcopenia risk was assessed by SARC‐F (≥4) and SARC‐CalF (≥11). Probable (low muscle strength or low skeletal muscle mass [SMM]) and confirmed (both) sarcopenia were diagnosed as recommended by the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength (HGS) and five‐time sit‐to‐stand test (STS‐5), and physical performance was evaluated by gait speed. SMM was assessed by bioelectrical impedance.ResultsSarcopenia risk by the SARC‐F and SARC‐CalF were found in 23% (n = 7) and 40% (n = 12) patients, respectively. The SARC‐F and SARC‐CalF were both associated with physical function, but not with SMM. Probable sarcopenia by HGS was associated with SARC‐F and SARC‐CalF. Moreover, both showed moderate Kappa agreement with slowness and probable sarcopenia by HGS and/or STS‐5, but only SARC‐CalF with probable sarcopenia by HGS. A larger sensitivity was found for SARC‐CalF than SARC‐F in detecting probable sarcopenia by HGS (70% vs 30%) and by HGS and/or STS‐5 (63% vs 44%).ConclusionSARC‐F and SARC‐CalF are associated with sarcopenia traits in patients undergoing hemodialysis. SARC‐CalF seems to be more strongly associated with sarcopenia traits and present a higher sensitivity for probable sarcopenia than SARC‐F, as it adds a direct measurement.
Association of anticholinergic burden with undernutrition in older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Naharci Mehmet Ilkin , Katipoglu Bilal , Tasci Ilker 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited data are available concerning the contribution of drugs with anticholinergic properties (DAPs) to undernutrition among older adults. This study aimed to determine the potential association of anticholinergic burden (ACB) to nutrition status in older people.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled participants aged over 65 who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment between January 2017 and June 2020. Nutrition status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA‐SF). The ACB was assessed using the ACB scale.ResultsA total of 615 participants were included in the analysis (mean age ± SD, 78.5 ± 6.6 years; male, 55.3%). The prevalence of undernutrition (MNA‐SF score <12) was 22.6% (n = 139). Participants with undernutrition were predominantly older (P < 0.001), had lower mean body mass index scores (undernutrition, 27.3 ± 5.4 vs healthy, 29.5 ± 8.0; P = 0.007), had a lower educational level (P = 0.016), had higher cardiovascular disease morbidity (P < 0.001), and had a higher ACB (P < 0.001) when compared with those with normal nutrition status. In adjusted analysis, the odds of having undernutrition were higher among participants with an ACB score >1 (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01–1.43; P = 0.044). The weighted multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant inverse association between the total ACB score and MNA‐SF score controlling for multiple confounders.ConclusionACB appears to be inversely correlated with nutrition status among older adults. Undernutrition may be considered an additional reason to consider deprescribing DAPs in this population.
The reformulated Koiter–Newton method for thermal–mechanical buckling and postbuckling analysis of thin‐walled structures
Authors: Liang Ke , Li Zheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe reduced‐order modeling method, termed as the Koiter–Newton method, is reformulated to be applicable for geometrically nonlinear thermal–mechanical analysis of thin‐walled structures. The thermal load is treated as the independently unchanged load corresponding to the initial temperature field. The internal force space is expanded using the mechanical load, the thermal load, and the predefined perturbation loads. The thermal–mechanical reduced‐order model is constructed using the first to fourth‐order derivatives of strain energy with thermal effects in terms of the degrees of freedom (DOFs). An additional DOF related to the thermal load appears in the construction of reduced‐order model based on the novel Koiter theory. The path‐following scheme is proposed to make the method able to trace the entire geometrically nonlinear thermoelastic response. A much larger step size can be achieved benefiting from the favorable prediction of the reduced‐order model, compared to the classical Newton‐like methods. Both the temperature‐independent and temperature‐dependent material properties are considered. The thermal–mechanical buckling and postbuckling behaviors obtained by the proposed method are validated and discussed using various numerical examples.
O‧‧‧C═O interaction, its occurrence and implications for protein structure and folding
Authors: Dhar Jesmita , Chakrabarti Pinak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarious noncovalent interactions, long and short range, stabilize the native protein structure. We had observed a short‐range interaction between two adjacent peptide groups in a nearly perpendicular orientation through the involvement of an NH‧‧‧N hydrogen bond. Here we show that the other half of the peptide group, namely the carbonyl moiety, can also be involved through the O‧‧‧C═O interaction. Considering the interacting residues, the second residue of the pair has distinct backbone conformational angles, occurring in four clusters, each engendering well‐defined structural motifs. One of the motifs is the γ‐turn, another being polyproline II helix. The interacting pair is found mostly in the irregular region in protein structures, and the propensities of residues and the identification of the nearest secondary structure show interesting patterns. The most conspicuous β‐turn conformation is built from two consecutive γ‐turns, with embedded O‧‧‧C═O and NH‧‧‧N interactions, and there is considerable match of the residue usage at the central positions of the β‐turn and the γ‐turn components. This clearly exemplifies the hierarchical growth of the protein secondary structures, which would be important in our understanding of protein folding. While the occurrence of the O‧‧‧C═O interaction in α‐helices has been well documented, we find it to be equally important in making capping interactions at helix termini.
Yield to the data: some perspective on crop productivity and pesticides
Authors: Washuck Nicole , Hanson Mark , Prosser Ryan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe scientific consensus is that pesticide use maximizes crop yields in the face of pest and disease pressures. Often, the debate then becomes a “so what” question (e.g., a percent or two increase in yield is inconsequential, so why use pesticides at all?). We set out to help give technical and lay audiences an objective and quantitative sense of what it means for pesticides to protect crop yields from two perspectives: (i) the number of additional hectares required to produce the same amount of food without the use of pesticides; and (ii) increased calorie production and people fed. Using available seeding and yield data for Canada and United States from 2015 to 2019 for common field crops, a user‐friendly interface was developed that allows for the coarse calculation of land preserved and caloric increases for specific scenarios (e.g., jurisdiction, crop, percent yield increase). We found that land preserved would range from 145 883 to 11 590 255 ha and the number of adults fed would range from 1 333 814 to 100 016 319 depending on the crop and the country. Our hope is that this simple tool will provide a fuller sense of what changes in crop yields mean, and their implications for environmental protection and food security. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Miticidal activity of fenazaquin and fenpyroximate againstVarroa destructor, an ectoparasite ofApis mellifera
Authors: Bahreini Rassol , Nasr Medhat , Docherty Cassandra , Muirhead Samantha , de Herdt Olivia , Feindel David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTheVarroamite (Varroa destructor) is an ectoparasite that can affect the health of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and contributes to the loss of colony productivity. The limited availability of Varroacides with different modes of action in Canada has resulted in the development of chemical resistance in mite populations. Therefore, an urgent need to evaluate new potential miticides that are safe for bees and exhibit high efficacy againstVarroaexists. In this study, the acute contact toxicity of 26 active ingredients (19 chemical classes), already available on the market, was evaluated onV. destructorandA. melliferaunder laboratory conditions using an apiarium bioassay. In this assay, groups ofVarroa‐infested worker bees were exposed to different dilutions of candidate compounds. In semi‐field trials,Varroa‐infested honey bees were randomly treated with four vetted candidate compounds from the apiarium assay in mini‐colonies.RESULTSAmong tested compounds, fenazaquin (quinazoline class) and fenpyroximate (pyrazole class) had higher mite mortality and lower bee mortality over a 24 h exposure period in apiariums. These two compounds, plus spirotetramat and spirodiclofen, were selected for semi‐field evaluation based on the findings of the apiarium bioassay trials and previous laboratory studies. Consistent with the apiarium bioassay, semi‐field results showed fenazaquin and fenpyroximate had high efficacy (>80%), reducingVarroaabundance by 80% and 68%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that fenazaquin would be an effective Varroacide, along with fenpyroximate, which was previously registered for in‐hive use as Hivastan. Both compounds have the potential to provide beekeepers with an alternative option for managingVarroamites in honey bee colonies. © 2022 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Does the dose make the poison? Neurotoxic insecticides impair predator orientation and reproduction even at low concentrations
Authors: Passos Luis C , Ricupero Michele , Gugliuzzo Antonio , Soares Marianne A , Desneux Nicolas , Carvalho Geraldo A , Zappalà Lucia , Biondi Antonio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides can be noxious to non‐target beneficial arthropods and their negative effects have been recently recognized even at low doses. The predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) plays an important role in controlling insect pests in solanaceous crops, but its concurrent herbivory often poses relevant concerns for tomato production. Although insecticide side effects on N. tenuis have been previously studied, little is known on the potential implications of neurotoxic chemicals at low concentrations. We assessed the baseline toxicity of three neurotoxic insecticides (lambda‐cyhalothrin, spinosad and chlorpyrifos) on N. tenuis by topical contact exposure. The behavioral and reproduction capacity of the predator was then investigated upon exposure to three estimated low‐lethal concentrations (LC1, LC10 and LC30).RESULTSPredator survival varied among insecticides and concentrations, with LC30/label rate ratios ranging from 8.45% to 65.40% for spinosad and lambda‐cyhalothrin, respectively. All insecticides reduced the fertility of N. tenuis females at all estimated low‐lethal concentrations. Chlorpyrifos seriously compromised predator orientation towards a host plant even at LC1, while the same effect was observed for lambda‐cyhalothrin and spinosad solely at LC30. Lambda‐cyhalothrin (at all concentrations) and chlorpyrifos (at LC10 and LC30) also affected the time taken by N. tenuis females to make a choice.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that all three insecticides can be detrimental to N. tenuis and should be avoided when presence of the predator is desirable. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Downwash characteristics and analysis from a six‐rotor unmanned aerial vehicle configured for plant protection
Authors: Yang Shenghui , Xu Pingfan , Jiang Shijie , Zheng Yongjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne theoretical advantage of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to spray pesticides for maturing corn is that the strong downwash penetrates canopies. However, only few studies have been conducted to examine in‐canopy downwash characteristics. This paper investigated the downwash by a six‐rotor UAV in mature cornfields. 3D wind speeds in corn canopies and an open area were measured, and comparisons conducted.RESULTSThe downwash by the UAV resulted in in‐canopy maximum wind speeds. Z‐dimensional downwash was sensitive to all factors, whereas the X‐ and Y‐dimensional downwashes were related to layers and crop positions. Meanwhile, when comparing with the downwash between a 2 m hovering position and the optimal flight parameters, the X‐dimensional and Y‐dimensional motion time of top‐layer downwash generally advanced by 3.8 s and 1.6 s, whereas both motion time and the strength of the Z‐dimensional downwash were impeded by ≈2.2‐s hysteresis at middle layers and ≈4.5‐s time reduction, respectively. Thus, combined with distributions, the corn on the left or right might not be sprayed sufficiently. Furthermore, under the convergence requirement error of 0.01, the overall correlation of the model was ≈0.846 in terms of the Z‐dimensional downwash and ≈0.55 and 0.61 for the X‐ and Y‐dimensions, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe selection of operation parameters should mainly consider the Z‐dimensional downwash. The optimal operation parameters were a height of 2 m with a speed of 4 m s−1. Meanwhile, the canopy effect could influence the uniformity, motion and strength of downwash. Predictions could be achieved before operation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of measurement errors on triple sampling X¯${{\bar{\bm X}}}$ chart
Authors: Umar Adamu A. , Khoo Michael B. C. , Saha Sajal , Haq Abdul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe performance of the triple sampling (TS) chart is investigated by using a linear covariate error model that considers the presence of measurement errors (ME), called the TS‐ME chart. The sensitivity of the TS‐ME chart is evaluated by means of the average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of the run length (SDRL) performance measures. Additionally, the false alarm rate (FAR) metric is also considered in analyzing the TS‐ME chart's performance. The findings reveal that, as expected, ME significantly affect the TS‐ME chart's performance but taking multiple measurements for each item may compensate for this setback. An example based on real‐life data is given to illustrate the application of the TS‐ME chart.
Bayesian information fusion method for reliability analysis with failure‐time data and degradation data
Authors: Guo Junyu , Li Yan‐Feng , Peng Weiwen , Huang Hong‐Zhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDegradation data and failure‐time data are two types of data commonly used in reliability analysis. Both types of data are collected from different sources for reliability analysis of complex products. For highly reliable products, however, it is often difficult to collect sufficient useful data for reliability analysis with high accuracy, which poses the challenge for small sample size problems, that is, single‐type data with few samples. In this paper, three novel Bayesian information fusion models are first proposed to characterize the inherent relationship between the failure‐time data and the degradation data, and further to integrate the heterogeneous data to obtain accurate reliability analysis results under small sample size. Then, a model selection method is developed to choose appropriate model from the Wiener process, gamma process, and IG process models. Finally, the reliability analysis is completed based on the parameter estimation of the Bayesian information fusion model with the aid of the MCMC method. An industrial example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Bayesian information fusion method.
Toward socially just science teaching through professional development: The science teacher identity development and agency of two elementary Teachers of Color
Authors: Chen Jessica L. , Moore Mensah Felicia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis comparative case study explored the ways two elementary Teachers of Color's science teacher identities and agency to teach science developed as they participated in a year‐long science professional development that was situated within the high‐stakes testing context of their school. The science professional development model used a dialogical approach that centered and built on the cultural backgrounds and personal experiences of the two teachers who were also coteachers in the same elementary classroom. Constructivist grounded theory and case study methods were used to analyze the three semistructured teacher interviews and four reflective teacher questionnaires collected from each teacher, as well as researcher fieldnotes. The findings showed that the Teachers of Color had different past experiences with science, and these experiences influenced the ways their social justice orientations, science teacher identities, and conceptions of science and science teaching were challenged, deepened, and broadened as they taught science and participated in the science professional development. The design of the science professional development also enabled them to enact their agency to teach science within and against school structures that marginalized science and to reposition science as a priority for themselves and their Students of Color. Implications of this study emphasize the importance of including Teachers of Color in science through professional development in ways that recognize and validate their backgrounds, knowledge, and contributions while also challenging and broadening traditional dominant discourses and school norms of science teaching, learning, and professional development.
Selective Photocatalytic Conversion of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde by Antimony(V) Porphyrin Metal‐Organic Frameworks under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Xie Dale , Li Shihao , Yang Wenqing , Fan Shilu , Feng Yi‐Si 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPorphyrin‐based MOFs have great structural tunability and prominent catalyst activity. In this work, a series of antimony porphyrin MOFs (PCN‐224(Sb)‐L) were synthesized to efficiently selective oxidate benzyl alcohol under visible light. To investigate the effects of the Sb‐axial ligands on photocatalytic activity, the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to corresponding benzaldehyde was utilized as a model reaction. Within these three analogues of PCN‐224(Sb)‐L, PCN‐224(Sb)‐OH exhibit a remarkable 96 % conversation and 100 % selectivity of the benzaldehyde with an extremely high turnover number (TON) of 9300.