bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing oral health systems for children in six European countries to identify lessons learned for universal oral health coverage: A study protocol.
Authors: McAuliffe Úna , Woods Noel , Barrett Shauna , Cronin Jodi , Whelton Helen , Harding Máiréad , Eaton Kenneth , Burke Sara 
Published: January 2022

Background: Oral diseases have the highest global prevalence rate among all diseases, with dental caries being one of the most common conditions in childhood. A low political priority coupled with a failure to incorporate oral health within broader health systems has contributed to its neglect in previous decades. In response, calls are emerging for the inclusion of oral health within the universal healthcare domain (UHC). This protocol outlines the methodology for a cross-country comparative analysis of publicly funded oral health systems for children across six European countries, reporting on oral health status in line with the indicators for UHC. Methods: This study will follow Yin’s multiple case study approach and employ two strands of data collection, analysis, and triangulation: a systematic documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with elite participants local to each country. The countries chosen for comparison and providing a representative sample of European dental systems are Denmark, Hungary, the Republic of Ireland, Germany, Scotland, and Spain. A systematic search of five electronic databases and four additional electronic resources will be undertaken, in addition to grey literature and other publicly available sources, with the outcomes verified and further informed by local experts. The WHO Universal Health Coverage Cube will be used to guide data collection and analysis. Conclusions: This research will provide policy makers with an in-depth analysis and comparison of publicly funded oral health systems for children in Europe, including consideration of effective preventive strategies, oral health system reform, and indicators of universal oral health coverage. It is anticipated that the outcomes may help in positioning oral health on governmental health agendas and support its integration into wider health systems’ reform in an accessible and affordable manner.
Nutrition of primary school children: world and Ukrainian realities
Authors: Vatan M. , Babienko V. , Levkovska V. 
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to assess the actual nutrition of primary school children in Ukraine and other countries. Material and methods. An analysis of publications in scientific journals and reports of national agencies on the state of nutrition of primary school children. Search depth 10 years. The following search strategy "primary school", "nutrition", "sentinel surveillance" was used. The 15 most relevant publications were selected for further analysis. In addition, a survey of 450 primary school students was conducted on the quality of nutrition during school. Statistical processing was performed using MedCalc software.
Results. Most countries in the world have some kind of nutrition program for younger students. At the same time, the diets that these programs offer do not always meet the principles of healthy eating. According to our own data, only 96 (21.3%) of the surveyed schoolchildren aged 6-10 had a full meal at school. For the rest, there was either a qualitative or quantitative discrepancy in the composition of breakfast and lunch at school. The children noted the lack of time for meals, low taste of school lunches. Every second child consumed insufficient volume of fluids during school.
Conclusion. The nutritional status of primary school children is affected by lack of time for eating and recreational physical activity, unbalanced diet when using home lunch boxes and low coverage of high school students with organized meals. Unlike other countries, the main problem for Ukraine is not an energy surplus diet, but the popularity of fast food among children of primary school age is undoubtedly unacceptable.
Determinan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di Negara-negara Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) Periode 2010-2019
Authors: Mahendra Weri 
Published: January 2022

This study explains how the influence of GDP, exports, HDI, corruption perception index and democracy index on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in 15 OIC countries, namely Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Nigeria, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Albania in 2010-2019. The existence of Foreign Direct Investment in a country can be useful as state revenue from tax sources, as well as the relationship between technology transfer, transfer of management expertise, development of entrepreneurial output and increasing the rate of national income in the economy. This study uses quantitative methods with secondary data and data collection through the World Bank, Transparency International, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and The Economist Intelligence Unit. This study also uses panel data regression with the best model approach, namely the Random Effect Model (REM), to determine how much influence the independent variables such as GDP, exports, HDI, corruption perception index and democracy index have on the dependent variable (FDI). Based on the results of the F test obtained, it shows that in general the five independent variables have a positive and significant effect on FDI. Meanwhile, the T test results show that the GDP and export variables have a positive and significant effect on FDI. In the HDI variable, the corruption perception index and the democracy index have no effect on FDI.[Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana pengaruh PDB, ekspor, IPM, indeks persepsi korupsi dan indeks demokrasi terhadap Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di 15 negara OKI yaitu Kazakhstan, Arab Saudi, Indonesia, Turki, Malaysia, Uni Emirat Arab, Azerbaijan, Mesir, Nigeria, Libanon, Moroko, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Albania pada tahun 2010-2019. Adanya Foreign Direct Investment dalam suatu negara dapat bermanfaat sebagai penerimaan negara dari sumber pajak, serta adanya hubungan alih teknologi, transfer keahlian manajemen, perkembangan wirausaha output serta menaikkan laju pendapatan nasional dalam perekonomian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dan pengambilan data melalui World Bank, Transparency International, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) dan The Economist Intelligence Unit. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan model terbaik yaitu Random Effect Model (REM), untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variabel bebas seperti PDB, ekspor, IPM, indeks persepsi korupsi dan indeks demokrasi terhadap variabel terikat (FDI). Berdasarkan hasil uji F yang diperoleh, menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kelima variabel bebas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap FDI. Sedangkan pada hasil uji T menunjukkan bahwa variabel GDP dan ekspor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap FDI. Pada variabel HDI, indeks persepsi korupsi dan indeks demokrasi tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap FDI.]
Home Biogas Production using Homemade Bio-activator with Chicken Manure
Authors: Surianto Heru , Raharjo Slamet , Wulandari Suci 
Published: January 2022

The previous experiment was obtained that homemade activator is the best activator to produce biogas by using food waste consist of vegetable, fruit and rice waste. The current research is carried out by adding chicken manure as a co-activator. Chicken manure content rich in nitrogen can be significantly enhance biogas production. This study is expected to increase the biogas production. There are two processes conducted at the laboratory scale, batch and semi-continuous process. The batch process aim to activate bacteria. The ratio set at food waste/chicken manure, 2 : 1 of digester #1, 3 : 1 of digester #2, 4 : 1 of digester #3 and digester control using food waste only. Stage two aims to produce biogas by adding food waste for 6 days periodically. The ratio is set at food waste/water, 1 : 2. The highest biogas yielded is digester 2 with a cumulative volume biogas 120.77 liters consist of 71.01% CH4, 26% CO2, 2.9% O2 and 0.088% H2S. The potential of methane gas produced is 0.87 kWh and methane volume per TS and VS at around 18.72 L/kg and 34.68 L/kg, respectively.
Utilization of Spent Nickel Catalyst as Raw Material for Ni-Rich Cathode Material
Authors: Nisa Shofirul Sholikhatun , Nurohmah Anisa Raditya , Yudha Cornelius Satria , Nilasary Hanida , Nursukatmo Hartoto , Dyartanti Endah Retno , Purwanto Agus 
Published: January 2022

Spent nickel catalyst will be harmful to the environment if it is not processed or used properly. In fact, this waste still has a high nickel content. The treatment of spent nickel catalysts has been widely reported, but limited to nickel extraction. Since the lithium-ion batteries demand is continued to increase, then nickel is the most sought-after metal. Consequently, nickel from spent nickel catalysts could be developed as secondary source for lithium-ion battery cathode. This study aims to utilize spent nickel catalysts into more valuable materials. Nickel that has been extracted and mixed with Mn and Co has been used as raw material for nickel-rich cathode, namely NMC. Nickel extraction and NMC synthesis were using the acid leaching method followed by co-precipitation[WI1] [SSN2] . Based on the functional test performed in this work, nickel from spent nickel catalyst can be applied to Li-ion batteries. The sintering temperature that gives good characteristics and electrochemistry was found 820oC. The galvanostatic charge-discharge test gave specific capacity results for NMC of 110.4 mAh/g. The cycle test showed that NMC synthesized from spent nickel catalyst can be carried out up to 50 cycles with a capacity retention of 87.18%.
Copper-based kesterite thin films for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Ikeda Shigeru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCopper kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4is a promising photoabsorber material for solar cells and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this article, we will first review the crystallographic/energetic structures of Cu2ZnSnS4in view of its applications to sunlight conversion devices. Then, historical progress in photovoltaic properties of Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cells is introduced. Finally, studies on PEC H2evolution over Cu2ZnSnS4-based photocathodes are reviewed in detail. For realizing efficient PEC H2evolution, surface modifications with an n-type buffer layer (such as CdS) and a catalytic site (such as Pt nanoparticles) were found to be indispensable. Since these surface-modified photocathodes had poor resistances under an operating bias due to the occurrence of oxidative photocorrosion of the CdS layer and elimination of the Pt catalysts, coverage with a protection layer was required to improve the long-term durability. Moreover, partial or complete substitution of the constituent cations with some cations was proved to be effective for improving PEC properties. Although recent studies showed a rapid increase in PEC properties, there is room for further development of PEC properties by using effective combinations among surface protection(s), defect engineering(s), and band engineering(s).
On multi-step methods for singular fractional q-integro-differential equations
Authors: Hajiseyedazizi Sayyedeh Narges , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Alzabut Jehad , Chu Yu-ming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate, by applying the standard Caputo fractional q-derivative of order

α

\alpha

, the existence of solutions for the singular fractional q-integro-differential equation

D

q

α

[

k

]

(

t

)

=
Ω

(

t
,

k

1

,

k

2

,

k

3

,

k

4

)

{{\mathcal{D}}}_{q}^{\alpha }\left[k]\left(t)=\Omega \left(t,{k}_{1},{k}_{2},{k}_{3},{k}_{4})

, under some boundary conditions where

Ω

\Omega

is singular at some point

0
≤
t
≤
1

0\le t\le 1

, on a time scale

T

t

0

=

{

t
:
t
=

t

0

q

n

}

∪

{

0

}

{{\mathbb{T}}}_{{t}_{0}}=\left\{t:t={t}_{0}{q}^{n}\right\}\cup \left\{0\right\}

, for

n
∈
N

n\in {\mathbb{N}}

where

t

0

∈
R

{t}_{0}\in {\mathbb{R}}

and

q
∈

(

0
,
1

)

q\in \left(0,1)

. We consider the compact map and avail the Lebesgue dominated theorem for finding solutions of the addressed problem. Besides, we prove the main results in context of completely continuous functions. Our attention is concentrated on fractional multi-step methods of both implicit and explicit type, for which sufficient existence conditions are investigated. Finally, we present some examples involving graphs, tables and algorithms to illustrate the validity of our theoretical findings.
Magnetic charged particles of optical spherical antiferromagnetic model with fractional system
Authors: Yao Shao-Wen , Korpinar Talat , Baleanu Dumitru , Korpinar Zeliha , Almohsen Bandar , Inc Mustafa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this article, we first consider approach of optical spherical magnetic antiferromagnetic model for spherical magnetic flows of

ϒ

\Upsilon

-magnetic particle with spherical de-Sitter frame in the de-Sitter space

S

1

2

{{\mathbb{S}}}_{1}^{2}

. Hence, we establish new relationship between magnetic total phases and spherical timelike flows in de-Sitter space

S

1

2

{{\mathbb{S}}}_{1}^{2}

. In other words, the applied geometric characterization for the optical magnetic spherical antiferromagnetic spin is performed. Moreover, this approach is very useful to analyze some geometrical and physical classifications belonging to

ϒ

\Upsilon

-particle. Besides, solutions of fractional optical systems are recognized for submitted geometrical designs. Geometrical presentations for fractional solutions are obtained to interpret the model. These obtained results represent that operation is a compatible and significant application to restore optical solutions of some fractional systems. Components of models are described by physical assertions with solutions. Additionally, we get solutions of optical fractional flow equations with designs of our results in de-Sitter space

S

1

2

{{\mathbb{S}}}_{1}^{2}

.
Hermeneutik sozialer Simulationen
Authors: Dickel Sascha , Neumann Martin 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag verbindet zwei weit auseinander liegende methodische Welten. Wir schlagen vor, das Verfahren der hermeneutischen Sequenzanalyse zur Interpretation Agentenbasierter Modellierungen zu verwenden, einer sich aktuell verbreitenden Methode sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung. Ihr Ziel besteht in der technikgestützten Konstruktion von Szenarien, in denen spezifische soziale Konstellationen durchgespielt werden. Das konkrete Simulationsmodell, welches wir dabei exemplarisch heranziehen, bezieht sich auf Gewalteskalationen innerhalb krimineller Netzwerke. Die Simulationsresultate sind als narrative Szenarien formuliert, die hier exemplarisch einer Sequenzanalyse unterzogen werden. Damit demonstrieren wir, dass hermeneutische Sequenzanalysen zur Strukturgeneralisierung und Validierung Agentenbasierter Modelle eingesetzt werden kann. Darauf basierend schlagen wir eine digitale Hermeneutik vor, welche soziale Simulation mit der Dimension des sozialen Sinnes verbindet.
Distribution of HLA epitope frequencies in Turkish population
Authors: Oguz Fatma Savran , Oguz Suleyman Rustu , Ogret Yeliz , Karadeniz Tanju Sedat , Ciftci Hayriye Senturk , Karatas Sule , Kivanc Demet , Aydin Filiz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The antibodies interact with the “Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigens” at specific epitopes. “Epitopes” are present on a single HLA or shared by multiple antigens. In this study, we aim to determine the frequency of prevalent epitopes common in the Turkish population.

Methods
Non-related 644 healthy volunteers were recruited, and The “HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR -DQ’s” were typed using the “Next Generation Sequencing”. The provisional and confirmed epitopes were identified using the “HLA Epitope Registry databases, HLA Epitopia Maps and Immucor Epitope databases” dated 07.02.2018. Epitope frequencies were calculated by counting the shared epitopes in the total number of shared HLA Class epitopes in our sample database.

Results
Class I HLA’s had 298 epitopes that repeated a total of 158,117 times with frequencies ranging between 0.0006 and 2.03%, and the most frequent epitope was 170RY found on 119 different alleles. Class II HLA’s had 193 epitopes that repeated a total of 93,082 times with frequencies ranging between 0.002 and 1.36%, and the most frequent epitope was 108P found on 42 different alleles.

Conclusions
Our findings summarize both the provisional, and confirmed epitope frequencies in the Turkish population and may help clinicians and immunogeneticists develop a better understanding of HLA epitope mismatches.
Religiöser Universalismus im Zeitalter der Nation. Friedrich von Hügel und die deutsche Geisteswelt (Eucken, Troeltsch, Naumann)
Authors: Stoll Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article analyzes the influence of German thought on Baron Friedrich von Hügel’s philosophy of religion. The activities of the British scholar in the networks of Catholic modernism are placed within the broader framework of the international discussion on religion around 1900. His religious universalism was shaped to a great extent by the encounter of German intellectuals from a liberal Protestant background, most notably by Rudolf Eucken, Ernst Troeltsch and Friedrich Naumann. This encounter, started during the 1890s, focussed on the concepts of historical individuality and historical development. It took a new direction with the public role adopted by German intellectuals in the propaganda of the World War. Von Hügel’s often ignored treatise The German Soul reacted to the fusion of liberal religious thought with German nationalism as observed in Troeltsch and Naumann. His criticism of a lack of „international morality“ of German thought and his approach to identify the reason for this deficit in the Lutheran and idealistic tradition shed light on the ongoing discussions of a „Sonderweg“ of German thought. Von Hügel’s late attempts to promote Christianity as an anti-nationalist force remind of other more theological rejections of nationalism after the war. However, these attempts are not based on a strict theological or confessional rationale (like in dialectical theology) but try to continue the interconfessional and interdisciplinary discussion of the beginning of the century. This is revealed best by von Hügel’s close but not uncritical relationship to Troeltsch in the early 1920s.
Effects of humate and neodymium on phytochemical levels in kale at different ontogenetic stages
Authors: Anteh J. D. , Timofeeva O. A. , Mostyakova A. A. 
Published: January 2022

The increased global mortality caused by the rise in chronic diseases can be reduced by the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods. Leafy green kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) has high nutritional value due to its high antioxidant content and its consumption is highly correlated with a reduced risk of developing some chronic diseases. The paper focuses on examining the effects of two different mineral nutrients – neodymium and potassium humate – on the accumulation of flavonoids, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in field-grown leafy green kale. Leaves from treated plants were collected at three stages of maturity –14 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis. The results showed that the stimulatory effect of both mineral nutrients on the phytochemicals varied at the different growth stages - the highest significant effect of neodymium has been mostly observed at week 18 with high flavonoid, vitamin C, and carotenoid levels. Phenolic compounds for this variant are the same as in the control samples, while the level of malondialdehyde was reduced by 21.8%, signifying increased antioxidant activity. The rare earth element primarily maintained some phytochemical content at weeks 14 and 22. Following soil treatment with potassium humate, the levels of studied phytochemical compounds were either maintained or elevated at weeks 14, 18, and 22. Humic acid exerted the greatest decrease in malondialdehyde content in kale at week 14, indicating a reduction in the lipid peroxidation process in leaves. Accordingly, the harvest date of leafy green kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) should depend on the type of mineral nutrient applied. The obtained results provide information that may be relevant to the production of functional varieties and enhance the nutritional and possibly the economic value of kale.
Functional state of the myometrium of rats under chronic in vivo effect of nanostructured ZnO and ТіО2 materials
Authors: Tsymbalyuk O. V. , Davydovska T. L. , Naumenko A. M. , Liashevych A. N. , Lupaina I. S. , Voiteshenko I. S. , Nuryshchenko N. Y. , Skryshevsky V. A. 
Published: January 2022

The specificities of the structure and blood supply of the uterus facilitate a considerable accumulation of nanosized xenobiotics, including nanoparticles of metal oxides, in its tissues. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that nanoparticles of metal oxides (ZnO and TiO2) have significant cytotoxic activity, caused by oxidative stress induction. However, there is no information about the impact of these nanomaterials on the functional state of the myometrium under chronic exposure on the organism. Tenzometric methods and mechanokinetic analysis were used in our work to investigate the contractile activity of the myometrium of non-pregnant rats. The contractile activity was either spontaneous or induced by oxytocin (the uterotonic hormone) and acetylcholine (the agonist of muscarinic choline receptors) under chronic peroral intake of the ZnO and TiO2 aqueous nanocolloids into the organism. It was found that after burdening of rats with ZnO and ТіО2 aqueous nanocolloids there were no changes in the pacemaker-dependent mechanisms forming the frequency of spontaneous contractions in the myometrium, but there was a considerably induced increase in the AU index of contractions. It was shown that during the oxytocin-induced excitation of the myometrium under both chronic and short-term burdening of the rats with ZnO and TiO2 aqueous nanocolloids, the mechanisms that regulate the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions are the target for the nanomaterials. When the rats were burdened with ZnO aqueous nanocolloids for 6 months, during cholinergic excitation there was hyperstimulation of both M3-receptor-dependent mechanisms of Са2+ ions intake via the potential-governed Са2+-channels of L-type into the smooth muscles of the myometrium, and M2-receptor-dependent mechanisms, controlling the intracellular concentration of these cations. Thus, the regularities and mechanisms of the change in the functioning of uterine smooth muscles under chronic intake of the ZnO and TiO2 aqueous nanocolloids were determined in this study.