bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of testicular asymmetry during puberty in adolescents without and with a left varicocele
Authors: Lourdaux Pieter‐Jan , Vaganée Donald , Leysen Cynthia , De Wachter Stefan , De Win Gunter 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the evolution of the Testicular Atrophy Index (TAI) in adolescent boys with and without a left varicocele with special attention for the currently postulated cut‐off value of 20%.Subjects and MethodsDuring 2015–2019, 364 adolescent boys aged 11–16 years were recruited. Genital examination and scrotal ultrasonography were repeatedly performed (≥4 month intervals). Testicular volume (TV) was calculated using the Lambert formula (length × width × height × 0.71). TAI was calculated using the formula: [(TVright − TVleft)/TVlargest (right, left)] × 100.ResultsThe final study population comprised 239 participants, 161 (67.36%) controls and 78 (32.64%) adolescent boys with left varicocele. The mean (sd) number of measurements per participant was 3.82 (1.08). A TAI of ≥20% at first measurement occurred in 9.94% and 35.90%, respectively. Of these, only 31.25% and 46.43% had a TAI of ≥20% at the last measurement, respectively. Nevertheless, the risk of ending up with a TAI of ≥20% was significantly higher if a TAI of ≥20% was recorded at first measurement (P = 0.041 and P = 0.002, respectively). The normalisation rate did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0.182). Normalisation occurred most frequently in Tanner Stages III and IV. Normalisation was mostly (≥74%) due to catch‐up growth of the left testis, in contrast to growth retardation of the right testis, in both groups. The TAI seems to be a fluctuating parameter.ConclusionA TAI of ≥20% is a phenomenon seen in boys with and without varicocele but is more common in boys with varicocele. Although normalisation of a high TAI is frequently seen, both adolescent boys with and without a left varicocele who have an initial TAI of ≥20% have a higher risk of a TAI of ≥20% in the future. As the TAI is a fluctuating parameter during pubertal development, it's use as indicator for varicocelectomy based on a single measurement during pubertal development is questioned.
Social worker decision‐making in court
Authors: Abbotts Dale , Norman Alyson 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the factors that influence how social workers make decisions and develop their decision‐making skills in care proceedings, and to identify effective support and intervention to develop social worker decision‐making skills. The study employed a mixed thematic approach across two phases of study: an initial inductive thematic analysis of responses to an online qualitative questionnaire and then a mixed thematic analysis of follow‐up focus groups and interviews with social workers working in various social work roles within England and Northern Ireland. The findings identified a number of themes that help to understand the decision‐making skills of social workers; thorough assessment skills, relationship‐based anti‐oppressive practice, being mindful of the lived experience of the child and using critical reflection to make complex decisions. Wider structural factors that support or hinder decision‐making, particularly in respect of organizational support and management supervision were also identified. Social workers can be supported to develop decision‐making skills through additional training, reflective learning and management support to develop their practice wisdom within this field.
‘I will grab a rifle and I will kill that bug!’: The role of children's humour in navigating painful treatments in a paediatric hospital in Argentina
Authors: Wainer Rafael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the Argentinian healthcare system, medical residents play a key role in producing, sustaining, and witnessing intensely painful therapeutic interventions in children's bodies. I analyse the interactions between medical residents and children to focus on children's use of humour in a paediatric public hospital as a tool to navigate raw and invasive treatments. Humour was tactically used in two critical ways to deal with power differential: as a critique of power and as a collectivizing practice. When children are undergoing painful and invasive treatment, the importance of humour becomes prominent and its social effect and knowledge production more evident.
Immediate flapless full‐arch rehabilitation of edentulous jaws on 4 or 6 implants according to the prosthetic‐driven planning and guided implant surgery: A retrospective study on clinical and radiographic outcomes up to 10 years of follow‐up
Authors: La Monaca Gerardo , Pranno Nicola , Annibali Susanna , Di Carlo Stefano , Pompa Giorgio , Cristalli Maria Paola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesto retrospectively evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of immediate, flapless full‐arch prostheses, supported by 4/6 implants according to prosthetic‐driven planning and guided surgery.Materials and MethodsThe study involved 28 edentulous patients (20 female/8 males; average age 67.75 ± 8.627 years), 32 prostheses (17 all‐on‐4/15 all‐on‐6) and 164 implants. The Implants survival, prostheses success/survival, peri‐implant marginal bone loss, incidence of biological and prosthetic complications were evaluated. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the influence of implant and patient characteristics on marginal bone loss.ResultsCumulative implant survival rate was 89.7% for all‐on‐four (seven failures) and 99.0% for all‐on‐six (one failure) after a mean follow‐up of 6.46 ± 2.236 years (range 1–10 years). Cumulative prosthesis success rate was 51.5% (58.8% for all‐on‐four/ 43.8% for all‐on‐six). Prosthesis survival rate was 88.2% for all‐on‐four. No failure was registered in all‐on‐six. Mean value of marginal bone loss was 1.38 ± 0.1.28 mm at 5‐year and 2.09 ± 0.56 mm at 10‐year follow‐up. No difference was found in the mean value of marginal bone resorption between all‐on‐four (1.56 ± 1.61 mm) and all‐on‐six (1.20 ± 0.85 mm) (p = 0.104) and between tilted (1.22 ± 1.29 mm) and axial implants (1.44 ± 1.27 mm) (p = 0.385) after 5‐year follow‐up. The incidence of biological complications was 1.0% in all‐on‐six (one mucositis) and 10.3% in all‐on‐four (two peri‐implantitis). Prosthetic complications affected teeth of final rehabilitations with 3 detachments, 10 chippings or fractures, and 3 severe occlusal wears.ConclusionsBased on the results and within the limitations of the present study, the implant‐supported hybrid prosthesis according to prosthetic‐driven planning and guided surgery showed to be an efficient, safe, and effective approach to rehabilitate edentulous jaws.
Incidence and clinical predictors of 30‐day emergency readmission after colorectal cancer surgery – A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Clausen Johan , Hansen Hannah Falck , Walbech Julie Sparholt , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the risk and predictors of 30‐day emergency readmission and surgical reintervention after discharge from colorectal cancer surgery with curative intent in Denmark.MethodThis is a retrospective cohort study using Danish nationwide registry data. We included all patients who underwent colorectal tumour resection with curative intent between 1 January 2005 and 1 December 2018. The primary outcome was 30‐day emergency readmission, defined as any emergency hospital visit within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes were 30‐day emergency readmission with a minimum duration of 2 days and 30‐day emergency readmission including any abdominal procedure. Twenty‐three candidate predictors including patient comorbidities, tumour characteristics, surgical treatment and length of stay were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models. Length of stay was categorized into percentiles and standardized according to year of surgery.ResultsOf the 40 782 patients included in the study, 8360 (20.5%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Median time to readmission was 6 days (interquartile range 2–15 days). A total of 4968 patients (12.2%) were readmitted for at least 2 days, and 793 patients (1.9%) underwent an abdominal procedure during their readmission. The strongest predictors of 30‐day readmission were length of stay below the fifth percentile (OR 2.36; P < 0.001) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score IV (OR 2.21; P < 0.001).ConclusionEmergency readmission is frequent after colorectal cancer surgery with curative intent, and almost 10% of readmitted patients require surgical reintervention. An increased focus on predicting preventable readmissions might facilitate interventions to reduce morbidity and hospital expenses.
Epilepsy in KBG syndrome
Authors: Auconi Marina , Serino Domenico , Digilio Maria Cristina , Gnazzo Maria , Conti Marta , Vigevano Federico , Fusco Lucia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo illustrate the epileptological and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of a cohort of patients with KBG syndrome and epilepsy.MethodClinical history, age at epilepsy onset, seizure types, EEG findings, duration of epilepsy, and response to therapies were retrospectively reviewed in 11 patients (three females, eight males) with KBG syndrome.ResultsAll detected genetic mutations were pathogenic and affected the C‐terminal region at exon 9 of ANKRD11. One patient had 16q24.3 microdeletion including the ANKRD11 gene. Mean age at onset was 67 months. Epilepsy type was focal in five patients and generalized in four. Two patients had developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Seizure freedom was obtained after a period varying between 15 days and 6 years.InterpretationIn our patients, epilepsy appeared to respond well to treatment and, in some cases, to be self‐limiting. The molecular characteristics of our patients' genetic abnormalities did not point towards any specific epilepsy hot spot. Epilepsy should be considered in the diagnostic work‐up of patients with KBG syndrome.What this paper adds

Some of the epilepsy types of KBG syndrome appear to be self‐remitting.
The epilepsy phenotypes associated with KBG syndrome are quite variable.
Long‐term outcome of paediatric anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Flet‐Berliac Lorraine , Tchitchek Nicolas , Lépine Anne , Florea Anca , Maurey Hélène , Chrétien Pascale , Hacein‐Bey‐Abina Salima , Villega Frederic , Cheuret Emmanuel , Rogemond Véronique , Picard Géraldine , Honnorat Jérôme , Deiva Kumaran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo study long‐term clinical and cognitive outcomes of patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR‐E), an acute autoimmune neurological disease with severe acute presentations.MethodIn this French multicentre retrospective observational cohort study, patients no older than 18 years with a follow‐up of at least 2 years were included. Data from clinical and cognitive assessments were collected.ResultsEighty‐one patients were included (57 females, 24 males; median age 10 years 7 months [range 1–18 years], median follow‐up 40 months [range 25–53 months]). At last follow‐up, 35 patients (45%) had cognitive impairment, 48 (70%) had academic difficulties, and 65 (92%) needed rehabilitation. Seventy‐one patients (88%) had a modified Rankin Scale score of no more than 2. A higher number of symptoms at diagnosis was associated with cognitive impairment (p = 0.01), while an abnormal electroencephalogram at diagnosis increased the risk of academic difficulties (p = 0.03).InterpretationAlthough most children with NMDAR‐E seemed to recover from motor disabilities, more than 45% had cognitive and academic difficulties. The initial severity of symptoms seems to have an impact on cognition and academic performances.What this paper adds

Forty‐five per cent of patients had cognitive impairment at ≥2 years diagnosis of anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR‐E).
Seventy per cent of patients had academic difficulties at ≥2 years diagnosis of NMDAR‐E.
Ninety‐two per cent of patients needed rehabilitative care at ≥2 years diagnosis of NMDAR‐E.
A high number of symptoms at diagnosis were associated with cognitive impairment.
Coronary flow abnormalities in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jain Vardhmaan , Gupta Kartik , Bhatia Kirtipal , Rajapreyar Indranee , Singh Amitoj , Zhou Wunan , Klein Allan , Nanda Navin C. , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Bajaj Navkaranbir S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronary vasomotion abnormalities have been described in small studies but not studied systematically. We aimed to review the present literature and analyze it to improve our understanding of chronic kidney disease (CKD) related‐coronary microvascular dysfunction.ObjectiveCoronary flow reserve (CFR) is a well‐known measure of coronary vasomotion. We aimed to assess the difference in CFR among participants with and without CKD.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were systematically reviewed to identify studies that compared CFR in participants with and without CKD. We estimated standardized mean differences in mean CFR reported in these studies. We performed subgroup analyses according to imaging modality, and the presence of significant epicardial coronary artery disease.ResultsIn 14 observational studies with 5966 and 1410 patients with and without CKD, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 29 ± 04 and 87 ± 25 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Mean CFR was consistently lower in patients with CKD in all studies and the cumulative mean difference was statistically significant (2.1 ± .3 vs. 2.7 ± .5, standardized mean difference −.8, 95% CI −1.1, −.6, p < .05). The lower mean CFR was driven by both significantly higher mean resting flow velocity (.58 cm/s, 95% CI .17, .98) and lower mean stress flow velocity (−.94 cm/s, 95% CI −1.75, −.13) in studies with CKD. This difference remained significant across diagnostic modalities and even in absence of epicardial coronary artery disease. In meta‐regression, there was a significant positive relationship between mean eGFR and mean CFR (p < .05).ConclusionPatients with CKD have a significantly lower CFR versus those without CKD, even in absence of epicardial coronary artery disease. There is a linear association between eGFR and CFR. Future studies are required to understand the mechanisms and therapeutic implications of these findings.Key Points
In this meta‐analysis of observational studies, there was a significant reduction in coronary flow reserve in studies with chronic kidney disease versus those without.

This difference was seen even in absence of epicardial coronary artery disease.

In meta‐regression, a lower estimate glomerular filtration rate was a significant predictor of lower coronary flow reserve.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction, rather than atherosclerosis‐related epicardial disease may underly increase cardiovascular risk in a patient with chronic kidney disease.
Trajectory of left ventricular ejection fraction in response to therapies in patients with muscular dystrophy
Authors: Nikhanj Anish , Kashyap Niharika , Wang Kaiming , Phan Cecile L. , Siddiqi Zaeem A. , Becher Harald , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with muscular dystrophy (MD) are at elevated risk of serious cardiac complications and clinical assessment is limited due to inherent physical limitations. We assessed the utility of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) derived from transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) as a prognostic marker for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in a mixed adult MD cohort.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐five MD patients (median age: 36 (interquartile range [IQR]: 23.0–49.0) years; 65 [39.4%] females) were enrolled in our prospective cohort study. Diagnoses included dystrophinopathies (n = 42), limb‐girdle MD (n = 31), type 1 myotonic dystrophy (n = 71), and facioscapulohumeral MD (n = 21). Left ventricular ejection fraction, ventricular dimensions at end‐diastole and end‐systole, and serial measures (n = 124; follow‐up period: 2.19 [IQR: 1.05–3.32] years) stratified patients for MACE risk.ResultsCardiomyopathy was diagnosed in 60 (36.4%) patients of the broader cohort (median LVEF: 45.0 [IQR: 35.0–50.0] %). Ninety‐eight MACE occurred over the 7‐year study period. At baseline, patients with a LVEF < 55.0% had a high risk of MACE (adjusted odds ratio: 8.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.18–21.7), concordant with the analysis of LV dimensions. Forty‐one percent of these patients showed an improvement in LVEF with the optimization of medical and device therapies. Relative to patients with preserved LVEF, patients with reduced LVEF were at an elevated risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 7.21; 95% CI: 1.99–26.1), and improved LVEF resulted in comparable outcomes (aHR: 1.84; 95% CI: .49–6.91) associated with optimization of medical and device therapies. Reduction in QRS duration by CRT therapy was associated with an improvement in LVEF (average improvement: 12.8 [± 2.30] %; p = .04).ConclusionsReduction in LVEF indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with MD. Baseline and serial LVEF obtained by TTE can prognosticate patients for MACE and guide clinical management.
Isolating the impact of antipsychotic medication on metabolic health: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of antipsychotic medication versus placebo in antipsychotic medication naïve first‐episode psychosis (the STAGES study)
Authors: O'Donoghue Brian , Allott Kelly , Harrigan Susy , Scalzo Franco , Ward Janine , Mallawaarachchi Sumudu , Whitson Sarah , Baldwin Lara , Graham Jessica , Mullen Edward , MacNeil Craig , Alexander Dylan , Wood Stephen J. , Berk Michael , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , Thompson Andrew , Fornito Alex , Yuen Hok Pan , Nelson Barnaby , Francey Shona M. , McGorry Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading contributors to the early mortality associated with psychotic disorders. To date, it has not been possible to disentangle the effect of medication and non‐medication factors on the physical health of people with a first episode of psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to isolate the effects of antipsychotic medication on anthropometric measurements, fasting glucose and lipids.MethodsThis study utilized data from a triple‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial comparing two groups of antipsychotic‐naïve young people with a FEP who were randomized to receive a second‐generation antipsychotic medication (FEP‐medication group) or placebo (FEP‐placebo group) for 6 months. Twenty‐seven control participants were also recruited.ResultsEighty‐one participants commenced the trial; 69.1% completed at least 3 months of the intervention and 33.3% completed the full 6 months. The FEP‐placebo group gained a mean of 2.4 kg (±4.9) compared to 1.1 kg (±4.9) in the control participants (t = 0.76, p = .45). After controlling for multiple analyses, there was no difference in blood pressure, waist circumference or heart rate between the FEP‐placebo group and controls. After 6 months, the FEP medication group had gained 4.1 kg (±4.5), higher than those receiving placebo but not statistically significant (t = 0.8, p = .44). There were no differences in fasting glucose or lipids between the FEP groups after 3 months.ConclusionsWhile limited by small numbers and high attrition, these findings indicate that some of the metabolic complications observed in psychotic disorders could be attributable to factors other than medication. This emphasizes the need to deliver physical health interventions early in the course of FEP.
Internet addiction is associated with psychological distress in highly schizotypal students
Authors: Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Away Rami , Jahrami Haitham , Cheour Majda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is some limited evidence of an association between technology addictions and emergence of pre‐psychotic symptoms, high psychoticism, psychotic like experiences and high schizotypy among young non‐clinical adults. These addictions and their subsequent distress are likely to contribute to transition to psychosis in individuals at risk. We aimed to compare smartphone, Internet and Facebook addictions between low and high schizotypal individuals; and to explore the association between these addictions and distress in the high schizotypy group.MethodsFrom a pool of 700 students, the final sample consisted of 74 low schizotypal and 70 high schizotypal students. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, the Smartphone Addiction Scale‐Short Version and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales.ResultsStudents of the high schizotypy group displayed significantly greater scores on smartphone (p < .001), Internet (p < .001) and Facebook (p = .001) addictions scales, as compared to those of the low schizotypy group. After controlling for potential confounders, Internet addiction predicted psychological distress in the high schizotypy group (R2 = 0.380, F(13,55) = 2.597, p < .001) and explained an additional 19.7% of variation in Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales total scores in the final model.ConclusionAlthough preliminary, our findings shed light on relatively new avenues for prevention and early intervention in psychosis. It is recommended to raise awareness about Internet addiction risks, particularly among vulnerable young adults; and to find ways to turn Internet into a protective rather than stressor factor, by utilizing it as a resource in the care pathway.
Dispersal plasticity driven by variation in fitness across species and environmental gradients
Authors: Campana Julie L. M. , Raffard Allan , Chaine Alexis S. , Huet Michèle , Legrand Delphine , Jacob Staffan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDispersal plasticity, when organisms adjust their dispersal decisions depending on their environment, can play a major role in ecological and evolutionary dynamics, but how it relates to fitness remains scarcely explored. Theory predicts that high dispersal plasticity should evolve when environmental gradients have a strong impact on fitness. Using microcosms, we tested in five species of the genusTetrahymenawhether dispersal plasticity relates to differences in fitness sensitivity along three environmental gradients. Dispersal plasticity was species‐ and environment‐dependent. As expected, dispersal plasticity was generally related to fitness sensitivity, with higher dispersal plasticity when fitness is more affected by environmental gradients. Individuals often preferentially disperse out of low fitness environments, but leaving environments that should yield high fitness was also commonly observed. We provide empirical support for a fundamental, but largely untested, assumption in dispersal theory: the extent of dispersal plasticity correlates with fitness sensitivity to the environment.