bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of MRI enhancement in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarinoma
Authors: Lu Lun , Zhang ChenCai , Yu Xian , Zhang Ling , Feng YaYuan , Wu YuXian , Xia JinJu , Chen Xue , Zhang RuiPing , Zhang Juan , Jia Ningyang , Zhang SiSi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Combined hepatocellular-cholangicarcinoma ( cHCC-CC) is a rare primary liver malignant tumor, the distinction between cHCC-CC and HCC before operation has important clinical significance for optimizing the treatment plan and predicting the prognosis of patients. This study intends to study the value of preoperative clinical date and enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC and to obtain independent risk factors for predicting cHCC-CC. Methods The clinical and imaging data of 157 HCC and 59 cHCC-CC patients confirmed by pathology were collected, and the differences between the two groups of patients were compared by t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis.Results CHCC-CC was more likely to show multiple lesions than HCC (28.81% Vs 10.83%，P=0.001) and more prone to microvascular invasion (MVI) (36.31%Vs 61.02%，P＜0.001). However, HCC had a higher incidence of liver cirrhosis than cHCC-CC (50.85% Vs72.61% ，P=0.003). The incidence of non-smooth margin was higher in cHCC-CC group (84.75% Vs52.23%，P＜0.001). The incidence of peritumor enhancement in arterial phase was higher in cHCC-CC group (11.46%Vs 62.71%，P＜0.001) Multivariate analysis showed that liver cirrhosis and arterial peritumor enhancement were independent risk factors for predicting cHCC-CC. In addition, the imaging sign of arterial phase peritumor enhancement had high sensitivity (62.71%) and specificity (88.54%) in the diagnosis of cHCC-CC.Conclusions Liver cirrhosis and the imaging findings of GD-DTPA-enhanced MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC. In addition, the imaging sign of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cHCC-CC.
Combining landscape traits, governance regimes, and threats into an integrative framework for conserving complex landscapes
Authors: Goulart Fernando Figueiredo , Pena João Carlos , Delgado Andrés Burgos , Lima Julyana Amaral , Rosetti Marcos , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Mertens Frédéric 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Biodiversity conservation in heterogeneous landscapes faces the challenge of accounting for the complex interactions between the variation in species responses, existence of multiple habitats, diverse governance regimes, and anthropogenic threats. Yet, the scarcity of integrative studies still limits our understanding of the combined effects of social and ecological factors on biodiversity. We propose a framework for the management of heterogeneous landscapes that explicitly accounts for the interactive effects of governance regimes and anthropogenic threats on key landscape traits that affect biodiversity. We then apply the framework on bird conservation in the Espinhaço mountain range, an heterogeneous landscape composed of cerrado, forest and rupestrian grasslands, in the Southeast of Brazil. The model considered birds that inhabit these three type of environments, whose populations are influenced by habitat area, landscape integral connectivity and connectivity among strictly protected areas via multiple least-cost corridors. We assessed the effects of three governance regimes and three major threats on the aforementioned landscape traits for each bird group. The relative habitat area and integral connectivity for rupestrian grassland’s birds are more widely covered by strictly protected areas compared to those inhabiting cerrado and forest. Corridors among strictly protected reserves potentially used by the three bird groups are mostly found inside sustainable-use reserves. Mining and wood-cover loss affects mainly habitat area for forest birds, while fire endangers habitat for rupestrian grassland birds. The integrative framework proposed by our study can be applied elsewhere fostering an heuristic knowledge assisting scientists and practitioners for conserving highly complex landscapes.
Predicting viral load suppression by self- reported adherence, pharmacy refill counts and Real Time Medication Monitoring among people living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Ngowi Kennedy M. , Minja Linda , Boer I. Marion Sumari-de , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Masika Lyidia , Sprangers Mirjam A.G. , Pima Francis M. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Reiss Peter , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IntroductionMonitoring of adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is of utmost importance to prevent treatment failure. Several measures to monitor adherence have been applied in low-resource settings and they all have pros and cons. Our objective was to examine whether any of the following adherence measures is a better predictor of participants’ viral load suppression: (1) self-report, (2) pharmacy refill count, (3) Real Time Medication Monitoring (RTMM), (4) a combination of self-report and pharmacy refill count or (5) all three adherence assessment methods combined. MethodologyThis was a post-hoc analysis of data from our 48-week REMIND-HIV randomized controlled trial in which adherence to ART was measured using self-report, pharmacy refill counts and RTMM among ART-experienced adults living with HIV subjectively judged to be nonadherent to ART. For each adherence measure, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting virological failure defined as a viral load (VL) of >20 copies/mL. To determine at which percentage of adherence the prediction was strongest, we evaluated adherence cut-offs of 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. VL data were obtained after 48 weeks of follow-up in the trial.ResultsA total of 233 people living with HIV (PLHIV) were included in this analysis. When comparing the ability of self-reported adherence with pharmacy refill count and RTMM adherence to predict viral load >20 copies/ml, self-reported adherence had the lowest sensitivity, ranging from 6% to 17%, but the highest specificity, ranging from 100% to 86%, depending on cut-off values from 80% to 100%. Area under the ROC curves (AUC) were 0.54 for RTMM, 0.56 for pharmacy refill count and 0.52 for self-report, indicating low discriminatory capacity for each of the adherence measures. When we combined the self-report and pharmacy refill count measures, sensitivity increased, ranging from 28% to 57% but specificity decreased, ranging from 83% to 53%. When all three measures were combined, we observed the highest value of sensitivity, ranging from 46% to 92%, and PPV, ranging from 32% to 36%, at high cut-offs ranging from 80% to 100%. Upon combination of three adherence measures, the AUC increased to 0.59. ConclusionOur results show that adherence assessed exclusively by self-report, pharmacy refill count or RTMM were insufficiently sensitive to predict virologic failure. Sensitivity markedly improved by combining all three measures, but the practical feasibility of such an approach would need to be studied.
Local Excision versus Total Mesorectal Excision after favourable response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a multi-centre experience
Authors: Fareed Ahmed M , Shahatto Fayz , Khater Ashraf , Kotb Sherif Z. , Elzahaby Islam A , Eldamshety Osama , Khan Jim S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IntroductionThe gold standard surgical management of curable rectal cancer is proctectomy with total mesorectal excision. Adding preoperative radiotherapy improved local control. The promising results of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy raised the hopes for conservative, yet oncologically safe management, probably using local excision technique.Patients and MethodsThis study is a prospective comparative phase III study, where 46 rectal cancer patients were recruited from patients attending Oncology Centre of Mansoura University and Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth University Hospital NHS with a median follow-up 36 months. The two recruited groups were as follows: Group (A): 18 patients who underwent conventional Radical Surgery by TME. Group (B): 28 patients who underwent Trans-anal Endoscopic Local Excision. Patients of resectable low rectal cancer (below 10 cms from anal verge) with sphincter saving procedures were included: cT1-T3N0.ResultsThe median operative time for LE was 120 minutes versus 300 in TME (p<0.001), median blood loss was 20 ml versus 100 ml in LE and TME respectively (p<0.001). Median hospital stay was 3.5 days versus 6.5 days (p=0.009). No statistically significant difference in median DFS (64.2 months for LE versus 63.2 months for TME, p=0.85) and median OS (72.9 months for LE versus 76.3 months for TME, p=0.43). No statistically significant difference in LARS scores and QoL was observed between LE and TME (p=0.798, p=0.799).ConclusionLE seems a good alternative to radical rectal resection in carefully selected responders to neoadjuvant therapy after thorough pre-operative evaluation, planning and patient counselling.
Identify Arabic dialect using ensemble model
Authors: Younes Mohammad Bani , Younes Mutaz Bani , Al-khdour Nour 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a model that classifies the Arabic dialect of 26 different dialects from a given text. We used the dataset provided by MADAR Shared Task on Arabic Fine-Grained Dialect Identification, sub-task 1. 19 teams participated in this task, and the highest accuracy achieved by the winning team was 67.33%. Our model’s accuracy outperforms that by 0.785%. The proposed model consists of 3 classifiers and then ensembles the predictions from the classifiers to predict the result. We used both n-grams features and probability predictions from the 6-label dataset provided by the organizers. Our model achieves 68.15% accuracy and 68.01% macro F1-score.
A lobectomy alternative in lung cancer with inflammatory lymph node infiltration: a case report
Authors: Iijima Yoshihito , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Yamagata Aika , Motono Nozomu , Yamada Sohsuke , Uramoto Hidetaka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Lobectomy may be a challenging treatment option in lung cancer with inflammatory lymph node infiltration. Moreover, the en-masse lobectomy technique, which involves the simultaneous ligation or stapling of pulmonary vessels and bronchi at the hilar area, is controversial. Case presentation: We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who presented with lung cancer and lymph node infiltration from the posterior ascending pulmonary artery (A2) to the superior pulmonary artery (A6). A nodule was observed in her right upper lobe on chest computed tomography while treating her for a myocardial infarction three months prior; hence, a radical lobectomy was planned. Her main pulmonary artery could be constricted with surgical tape, but this was not possible in the peripheral pulmonary artery of the ascending A2 due to widespread lymph node infiltration. Intraoperative frozen sections confirmed the absence of metastases in the hilar lymph nodes. Pulmonary angioplasty was aborted because the cardiac function had not fully recovered from the previous procedure. The ascending A2 and upper lobe bronchus were collectively treated using an auto-stapler. Two months postoperatively, computed tomography showed no pulmonary artery aneurysm. Conclusions: This report highlights that the en-masse technique is recommended as an alternative for A2 treatment during lobectomy in cases with inflammatory lymph node infiltration. Surgeons should not hesitate to switch to thoracotomy to avoid fatal intraoperative complications.
Malnutrition among hospitalized children (1-4 years of age) years of age in Abyan and Lahj Governorates / Yemen
Authors: Al-Waleedi Ali Ahmed , Bin-Ghouth Abdullah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The analysis of acute malnutrition in 2018 for the Integrated Phase Classification of Food Security in Yemen shows that high malnutrition rates are present in Abyan governorate (23%) and Lahj governorate (21%). This analysis was community based addressed all children and mostly due to problems related to food intake. The role of diseases was not yet addressed in Yemen. The aim of this study is to assess acute and chronic malnutrition among hospitalized children at 12–59 months of age in Lahj and Abyan governorates in Yemen.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional, multi-center study is designed. The assessment of the nutritional status was measured by standardized anthropometry of 951 sick children at age 1–4 years.
Results
The prevalence of Global acute malnutrition (GAM) among the sick children seeking care in health facilities in Lahj and Abyan is 21%. More specifically; the prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is 15.1% while the prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is 6.2%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) among the studied sick children in lahj is 23.4% while in Abyan is 19.3%. The prevalence of MAM in Lahj is 17.7% and the prevalence of SAM is 5.7%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) in Abyan is 12.6% while the prevalence of SAM in Abyan is 6.7%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition among male children (25.2%) is significantly higher than among female children (17.5%). The prevalence of the chronic malnutrition (Stunting) in the studied sick children is 41.3%; the prevalence of stunting in Lahj is 41% while in Abyan is 41.7%.
Conclusions
High acute and chronic malnutrition rates were identified among sick children seeking care in health facilities in lahj and Abyan, and higher than the SPHERE indicators of malnutrition. Boys are more exposed than girls to acute and chronic malnutrition.
Reduction of polarization deviation effects in terahertz splitter
Authors: Wang wenliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we design a linear terahertz depolarization splitter based on symmetrical structure and matching materials, which operating at the atmospheric window 2.5Thz of terahertz communication application. The spectral performance of this material combination is characterized by transfer matrix method calculations. Statistical results show that the design has excellent performance in terms of transmittance, degree of polarization, and transmission phase shift in the range of 0-55o of inclination.
Bioinformatic analysis of autophagy-related genes for prognosis, malignancy and immune phenotype of colorectal cancer
Authors: Jin Zhiming , Tu Juanjuan , Ding Chengsheng , Shan Zezhi , Li Mengcheng , Gao Yuping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Autophagy plays a non-negligible role in carcinogenesis by maintaining a proper cancer microenvironment to provide nutritional supplements. This study aimed to explore the association between autophagy-related genes (ARGs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Material and Methods: Public data profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases: GSE39582 set. In the TCGA cohort, 7 ARGs were selected to construct the prognostic risk score model for the prognosis of CRC patients. Based on the median value of risk scores, patients were divided into low- and high- risk score groups (p=4.393e−06). And the prognostic value of the model was further validated in the GEO cohort and the pooled cohort. Results: In addition to prognosis, autophagy was also related to malignancy, chemotherapy resistance, as well as immune type of CRC. Furthermore, a nomogram, including the prognostic risk score model and clinical characteristics, was developed for quantifying the overall survival probability of CRC patients. Finally, some drugs/compounds including semagacestat, pentostatin, DNMDP, as well as bexarotene, were predicted as potential drugs for CRC treatment based on CTRP and PRISM database. Conclusion: These would assist CRC patients with improving their prognosis.
Clinico-pathological Characteristics of Obstructing Colorectal Cancer and its Management Outcomes at a Tertiary Referral Center of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Dhungana Sajan babu , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Sah Suresh Prasad , Khanal Bhawani 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PURPOSEThe aim of this study is to explore the treatment strategies being followed for patients with obstructing colorectal cancer (OCRC) at our institute and to know the management outcomes.METHODSThis study included 28 patients who were diagnosed with obstructing colorectal cancer (OCRC) either preoperatively or intraoperatively over a period of 5 years.RESULTSMost were in the younger age group with mean age of 49.78+/- 15.96 years with 1/4th of the patients being younger than 40. There was no difference in incidence of OCRC among genders. It was found to be common in rural areas of the eastern Nepal, 16(57%) patients from such areas. 21.4% patients had complete bowel obstruction at presentation. The investigating modalities used were abdominal x-ray, ultrasonoghraphy of abdomen/pelvis, abdominal CT-scan, colonoscopy, serum CEA, punch biopsy and Faecal occult blood test. The anatomical shift to the right was observed with 54% lesions in the proximal colon. Majority were in advanced stage (stage3:53.6%, stage4:32.1%) with histologically adenocarcinoma (100%) and a higher incidence of synchronous lesion (28.6%). Patients averaged 13.82 days in the hospital with post-operative mortality rate of 3.6%. The 1-year and 2-years disease free survivals were 89.3% and 82.1% while overall survivals were 92.8% and 82.1% respectively.CONCLUSIONIn developing countries like ours, many patients with colorectal cancer continue to present to health center in advanced stage with bowel obstruction in relatively younger age with anatomical shift to the right. The treatments provided at our center and their outcomes are not inferior to that of the developed world.
Abdominal Massage Regulates the SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Inflammation in the Adipose Tissue of Insulin-Resistant Rats
Authors: Gao Tianjiao , Chen Shaotao , Han Yiran , Tan Yi , Zhang Dongmei , He Yutao , Liu Mingjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal massage on high-fat diet induced insulin resistance compared with RSV treatment. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet (NFD) group, high-fat diet (HFD)group, HFD + abdominal massage (AM) group, and HFD + resveratrol (RSV) group.An insulin resistant rat model was established by feeding rats HFD for 8 weeks and then treated with AM or RSV for 6 weeks. The underlying molecular mechanisms in adipose tissue and serum of rats induced by HFD were investigated.AM and RSV significantly improved obesity, glucose intolerance and significantly reduced lipid accumulation [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ], glucose metabolism[The fasting blood glucose (FBG), Fasting insulin (FINS)], inflammatory status [ interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) ], as well as improved macrophage polarization status in adipose tissue of model rats.Moreover, AM activated the SIRT1 / NF-κB signaling pathway in rat adipose tissue.In conclusion, our results indicate that am can improve IR by regulating the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, blood glucose and adipocytokines, and related signaling pathways in rat adipose tissue, which may provide a new basis for the clinical treatment of IR.
First detection of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton 1905 in Côte d’Ivoire: urbanization in question
Authors: Fournet Florence , Adja Akre M. , Adou Kouassi A. , Dahoui Milosse M.C. , Coulibaly Baba , Assouho Konan F. , Zoh Dounin D. , Koné Moussa , Koné Aboubacar , Niamien Koffi L. , Cornélie Sylvie , Tia Emmanuel , Moiroux Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have revealed a high malaria transmission in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. The socio-political crisis in the country, and the resulting environmental changes, have raised the need to update the knowledge on mosquito vector species and malaria transmission.Methods: Adult mosquitoes were sampled using the human landing catch (HLC) sampling method in Bouaké. They were collected for 216 nights between 2019 and 2020 in six districts representative of the diversity in urban landscape. Sampling points were selected along the water network crossing the city and monitored from 2020 to 2021 to detect the presence of anopheline larvae. We used PCR techniques to ascertain the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection in a subset of Anopheles vectors, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles arabiensis only.Results: A total of 4599 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and then identified. An. gambiae s.l. was found in majority (99 %), while An. funestus, An. ziemanni, An. pharoensis were also found but in low proportions. Among the Anopheles gambiae complex, three species were identified: An. gambiae s.s. (45.9 %), An. coluzzi (52.2 %), and An. arabiensis (1.9 %). The first two species had already been collected in Bouaké, however it is the first time that An. arabiensis is reported both in Bouaké and in Côte d’Ivoire. Anopheles arabiensis was also collected during the larval surveys in a similar proportion (1.1 %) in the same areas as the adults. Conclusions: This study detected the presence of An. arabiensis in Bouaké for the first time. This species was found quite far from its usual geographic area and its expansion could be linked to the urbanization process. Though no An. arabiensis was found infected by Plasmodium sp., its role in malaria transmission in Bouaké has to be explored, particularly since its exophagic behavior raises the issue of control measures and the use of insecticide-impregnated nets. The spread of this species in Côte d'Ivoire should be assessed through further research in additional towns in the country.