bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the Netherlands Triage Standard in emergency care settings: a case scenario study
Authors: Smits Marleen , Plat Erik , Alink Elleke , de Vries Marieke , Apotheker Maartje , van Overdijk Stef , Giesen Paul 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe Netherlands Triage Standard (NTS) is a triage system that can be used by different types of emergency care organisations. Our objective was to determine the interrater reliability and construct validity of the NTS when applied to self-presenting patients.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional case scenario study consisting of two parts: (1) paediatric triage in January-February 2019 and (2) adult triage in October-November 2020. In each part, we invited nurse triagists from three general practitioner cooperatives, three ambulance dispatching centres and three hospital emergency departments in the Netherlands to participate. We used 40 case scenarios involving paediatric patients and 41 involving adult patients who could self-present to any emergency care organisation. In advance, an expert panel determined the urgency (six levels) of the case scenarios (reference standard). The main outcome for reliability was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for urgency level. The main outcomes for validity were degree of agreement with the reference standard, for urgency level, and sensitivity and specificity for high versus low urgency. We used descriptive statistics and logistic multilevel modelling with both case and triagist as random effects.Results218 out of 240 invited triagists participated. The ICC among all triagists was 0.73 for paediatric cases and 0.88 for adult cases and was highest in general practitioner cooperatives. For paediatric cases, there was 62.3% agreement with the reference standard about urgency, 17.4% underestimation and 20.2% overestimation. The sensitivity of the NTS for identifying highly urgent paediatric cases was 85.2%; the specificity was 89.7%. For adult cases, there was 68.3% agreement, 13.7% underestimation and 18.0% overestimation. The sensitivity of triage for high urgency in adults was 94.5% and the specificity 83.3%.ConclusionNTS appears to have good reliability and construct validity for estimating the urgency of health complaints of non-referred patients presenting themselves in emergency care.
CAIDE dementia risk score relates to severity and progression of cerebral small vessel disease in healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study
Authors: Low Audrey , Prats-Sedano Maria A , Stefaniak James D , McKiernan Elizabeth Frances , Carter Stephen F , Douvani Maria-Eleni , Mak Elijah , Su Li , Stupart Olivia , Muniz Graciela , Ritchie Karen , Ritchie Craig W , Markus Hugh S , O'Brien John Tiernan 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMarkers of cerebrovascular disease are common in dementia, and may be present before dementia onset. However, their clinical relevance in midlife adults at risk of future dementia remains unclear. We investigated whether the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Ageing and Dementia (CAIDE) risk score was associated with markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), and if it predicted future progression of SVD. We also determined its relationship to systemic inflammation, which has been additionally implicated in dementia and SVD.MethodsCognitively healthy midlife participants were assessed at baseline (n=185) and 2-year follow-up (n=158). To assess SVD, we quantified white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), microbleeds and lacunes. We derived composite scores of SVD burden, and subtypes of hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Inflammation was quantified using serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen.ResultsAt baseline, higher CAIDE scores were associated with all markers of SVD and inflammation. Longitudinally, CAIDE scores predicted greater total (p<0.001), periventricular (p<0.001) and deep (p=0.012) WMH progression, and increased CRP (p=0.017). Assessment of individual CAIDE components suggested that markers were driven by different risk factors (WMH/EPVS: age/hypertension, lacunes/deep microbleeds: hypertension/obesity). Interaction analyses demonstrated that higher CAIDE scores amplified the effect of age on SVD, and the effect of WMH on poorer memory.ConclusionHigher CAIDE scores, indicating greater risk of dementia, predicts future progression of both WMH and systemic inflammation. Findings highlight the CAIDE score’s potential as both a prognostic and predictive marker in the context of cerebrovascular disease, identifying at-risk individuals who might benefit most from managing modifiable risk.
Interaction of elevation and climate change on fire weather risk
Authors: Spittlehouse David L. , Dymond Caren C. 
Published: February 2022

Most wildfire studies are regional to global in scale; however, many of the values of interest and the weather are local phenomena that may give rise to large spatial variability in risk. We assessed the interaction of elevation and climate on fire weather for the Penticton Creek watershed in southwestern Canada for historic weather, and five climate change scenarios. Daily temperature and precipitation records spanning 100 years were generated using the LARS-WG5 weather generator and were used to calculate the fire weather indices of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. Fire season length, restricted activity season, and fire season severity are all projected to increase by the 2050s and in some scenarios to increase further by the 2080s. Low and mid-elevations had substantially worsening risks, whereas at the highest elevations, risks were mitigated by the continuation of the snowpack. Increasing temperatures lengthened the fire season while decreasing (increasing) precipitation exacerbated (ameliorated) the intensity of the fire risk. These results indicate more variable climate change effects than in the literature. Over 24 million km2globally of forestland have a similar or higher degree of slope, highlighting the need for detailed topographic integration in fire studies to meet the needs of local planners.
Litter quality mediated the effect of nitrogen addition and precipitation reduction on the release and immobilization of plant litter nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: Yan Guoyong , Han Shijie , Liu Guancheng , Xing Yajuan , Wang Qinggui 
Published: February 2022

A long-term field litterbag manipulation experiment was conducted to examine the effects of reduced precipitation (−30% of through-fall), nitrogen (N) addition (50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1), and their combination (−30% of through-fall and 50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1) on the release and immobilization of N and phosphorus (P) in four litter types (Pinus koraiensis (PK), Tilia amurensis (TA), Quercus mongolica (QM), and their mixture (MIX)). The results showed that N addition did not significantly stimulate litter decomposition, whereas precipitation reduction and the interaction significantly inhibited litter decomposition. N immobilization was significantly enhanced by N addition and reduced precipitation in the PK, QM, and MIX litters but was significantly inhibited in the TA litter. N addition, reduced precipitation, and their combination significantly increased the final P concentration of the litter in each sampling period. Furthermore, interestingly, there was a significant exponential correlation between the remaining N and final P concentration in the PK litter and a significant linear correlation for the QM and MIX litters, but no significant correlation for the TA litter, indicating that the dynamic relationship between the remaining N and final P concentration in the litter depended on the litter type. These results suggest that the forest litter layer may alleviate the effects of N deposition by increasing litter N immobilization and aggravating soil P limitation by inhibiting litter P release following N deposition. Reduced precipitation may further affect biogeochemical cycles by inhibiting the release of litter N and P.
The refractive index of the relic gravitons and the nHz band
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIf the refractive index of the relic gravitons increases during a conventional stage of inflationary evolution the spectral energy density is blue at intermediate frequencies above the fHz and then flattens out after a knee that is typically smaller than the mHz. We investigate here the conditions leading to a sufficiently large spectral energy density in the nHz range where some peculiar signatures observed with the pulsar timing arrays have been recently attributed to cosmic gravitons. If these potential evidences are combined with the most recent bounds provided by wide-band interferometers in the audio range (i.e. between few Hz and the kHz) the allowed regions of the parameter space are compatible with both determinations and also with all the other constraints associated with the background of relic gravitons produced during inflation. The present analysis suggests that the pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to the evolution of the refractive index during early stages of the inflationary evolution. This physical interpretation of the preliminary empirical evidence is distinguishable from other perspectives since the high-frequency normalization, the blue spectral index and the tensor to scalar ratio cannot be independently assigned but are all related to the frequency of the knee that is ultimately determined by the competition between the rate of evolution of the refractive index and the slow-roll corrections.
Probing the axion–nucleon coupling with the next generation of axion helioscopes
Authors: Di Luzio Luca , Galan Javier , Giannotti Maurizio , Irastorza Igor G. , Jaeckel Joerg , Lindner Axel , Ruz Jaime , Schneekloth Uwe , Sohl Lukas , Thormaehlen Lennert J. , Vogel Julia K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA finite axion–nucleon coupling, nearly unavoidable for QCD axions, leads to the production of axions via the thermal excitation and subsequent de-excitation of $$^{57}$$

57

Fe isotopes in the sun. We revise the solar bound on this flux adopting the up to date emission rate, and investigate the sensitivity of the proposed International Axion Observatory IAXO and its intermediate stage BabyIAXO to detect these axions. We compare different realistic experimental options and discuss the model dependence of the signal. Already BabyIAXO has sensitivity far beyond previous solar axion searches via the nucleon coupling and IAXO can improve on this by more than an order of magnitude.
Punzi-loss:
Authors: Abudinén F. , Bertemes M. , Bilokin S. , Campajola M. , Casarosa G. , Cunliffe S. , Corona L. , De Nuccio M. , De Pietro G. , Dey S. , Eliachevitch M. , Feichtinger P. , Ferber T. , Gemmler J. , Goldenzweig P. , Gottmann A. , Graziani E. , Haigh H. , Hohmann M. , Humair T. , Inguglia G. , Kahn J. , Keck T. , Komarov I. , Krohn J.-F. , Kuhr T. , Lacaprara S. , Lieret K. , Maiti R. , Martini A. , Meier F. , Metzner F. , Milesi M. , Park S.-H. , Prim M. , Pulvermacher C. , Ritter M. , Sato Y. , Schwanda C. , Sutcliffe W. , Tamponi U. , Tenchini F. , Urquijo P. , Zani L. , Žlebčík R. , Zupanc A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present the novel implementation of a non-differentiable metric approximation and a corresponding loss-scheduling aimed at the search for new particles of unknown mass in high energy physics experiments. We call the loss-scheduling, based on the minimisation of a figure-of-merit related function typical of particle physics, a Punzi-loss function, and the neural network that utilises this loss function a Punzi-net. We show that the Punzi-net outperforms standard multivariate analysis techniques and generalises well to mass hypotheses for which it was not trained. This is achieved by training a single classifier that provides a coherent and optimal classification of all signal hypotheses over the whole search space. Our result constitutes a complementary approach to fully differentiable analyses in particle physics. We implemented this work using PyTorch and provide users full access to a public repository containing all the codes and a training example.
Entrevista com Lucia Laurentina Omar
Authors: Iokoi Zilda Márcia Grícoli , Teles Teresa 
Published: February 2022

Projeto “Imigrações contemporâneas em cidades globais: intolerâncias e solidariedades”. Banco de Histórias de Vida de Africanos deslocados para o Brasil em busca de Formaçao Acadêmica e de Ferramentas para a ação em políticas públicas de Direitos Humanos.
Lobo Antunes, Gerard de Nerval e o Surrealismo
Authors: Baccarin-Costa Eduardo Luiz 
Published: February 2022

Apenas o sonho ou o pesadelo são capazes de reunir lirismo e horror, descrença e amor. Somente a memória é capaz de trazer vivas as lembranças do vivido, e, algumas vezes também do sonhado. Gerard de Nerval, autor romântico, com alguns vieses simbolistas em sua obra, valoriza muito o poder do sonho em suas narrativas; Lobo Antunes, autor português, faz do resgate da memória uma forma de libertar-se dos seus fantasmas interiores. O presente trabalho pretende, a partir dessa máxima, discutir eventuais aproximações entre as obras Aurélia de Gerard de Nerval e a trilogia de estreia de António Lobo Antunes, composta pelos livros Memória de Elefante, Os Cus de Judas e Conhecimento do Inferno. Também se pretende, a partir dessas obras e autores estabelecer eventuais relações com o surrealismo. Para tanto usaremos como referencial teórico às considerações de Alvaro Cardoso Gomes e o próprio primeiro manifesto do surrealismo proposto por André Breton.
Constipação intestinal na criança
Authors: Bigélli Rosa H. M. , Fernandes Maria I. M. , Galvão Lívia C. 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão sobre a constipação intestinal na criança, analisando as principais características clínicas bem como sua abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica atualizada e experiência da Unidade de Gastroenterologia do Departamento de Pediatria- HCRP- USP. Resultados: A constipação intestinal constitui um problema comum na prática pediátrica. Sua definição está baseada na eliminação de fezes ressecadas, com esforço e dor. É comum as crianças pequenas apresentarem choro durante as evacuações. Em algumas crianças, pode ser observada retenção fecal importante, com ou sem escape fecal. O diagnóstico, na maioria dos casos, pode ser feito através de dados de história clínica e exame físico cuidadoso dos pacientes. O tratamento deve ser direcionado à causa básica, necessitando, na maioria dos casos, mudanças dietéticas e comportamentais. Conclusões: O diagnóstico da constipação intestinal deve ser precoce, pois interfere no sucesso terapêutico, que depende de uma adequada alimentação e do recondicionamento esfincteriano.
Companheiras em greve: o movimento paredista da União das Costureiras em junho de 1919
Authors: Campos Beatriz Luedemann 
Published: February 2022

O artigo reconstrói a história da Greve de Junho de 1919 realizada por mulheres operárias (costureiras, bordadeiras e chapeleiras) que trabalhavam em ateliês de moda e oficinas de costura no Rio de Janeiro. Organizadas no sindicato União das Costureiras e Classes Anexas, elas lutaram por melhores condições de trabalho, aumento salarial, jornada de oito horas, entre outras pautas próprias da categoria. A metodologia de pesquisa envolveu o uso de fontes históricas de grande imprensa, imprensa operária, entrevistas e história oral.
Le livre de Arlindo Machado
Authors: Ferla Jorge La 
Published: February 2022

Este artículo revisa la circulación y trascendencia de la obra y figura de Arlindo Machado en América Latina, y particularmente en Argentina, debido a su influencia en la praxis audiovisual. Su pensamiento sobre los medios, considerando los usos creativos y experimentales, fue determinante en la academia y en el campo de las artes mediáticas. A su vez, los periplos a Buenos Aires lo convirtieron en una presencia imprescindible en Argentina, ya que su participación en diversos claustros ponía de manifiesto variadas estrategias discursivas y enunciativas, tanto orales como escritas, en un castellano preciso y elocuente que viene impactando, desde hace varias décadas, en estudiantes de las carreras de cine y centros de formación audiovisual, así como en artistas, profesores y realizadores latinoamericanos.
Orofacial changes of patients with congenital Zika syndrome in Northeast Brazil: an integrative literature review
Authors: Barbosa Marina Rosa , Martorelli Sérgio Bartolomeu de Farias , Diniz Demóstenes Alves , Cunha Jéssica da Silva , Martorelli Fernando de Oliveira , Holanda Laís Azevedo Lins de 
Published: February 2022

In 2015, in Northeast Brazil, cases of microcephaly associated with the outbreak of zika virus in South America were identified. This virus is transmitted by the biological vector Aedes aegypti, which also transmits dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses. The congenital Zika syndrome affected newborns with head circumference smaller than 32 cm, compromising their central nervous system. Besides ocular lesions, hyperexcitability, and hypertonia, newborns also showed intracranial calcifications in imaging exams. If children with congenital Zika syndrome suffer maxillofacial alterations during embryonic development, they could have delayed tooth eruption and malformations. This study aims to perform an integrative review of the current literature about the health conditions of children with congenital Zika virus infection and the possible alterations of their oral cavity. This integrative literature review was performed by searching scientific articles in the PubMed, SciELO, and MEDLINE electronic databases with the descriptors “Zika Virus Infection”, “Zika Virus”, and “Microcephaly”, which deal with clinical case reports and were indexed between 2016 and 2021. About 26 articles published entirely in English were analyzed after meeting the eligibility criteria. The studies contributed to better treatment conducts by showing the neurological, functional, and oral alterations in children with congenital Zika syndrome, including periodontal diseases, malocclusions, dental caries, bruxism, micrognathia, ankyloglossia, short labial frenum, dental trauma, and dysphagia.
Reading a 1908 Buryat Schoolbook on Buddhism in the Light of its Socio-Cultural Setting
Authors: Zhanaev Ayur 
Published: February 2022

Reading a 1908 Buryat Schoolbook on Buddhism in the Light of its Socio-Cultural SettingThis article is devoted to the text entitled A Concise Teaching of Buddha Shakyamuni’s Religion for Instructing the Buryat Children, published in 1910 by Lama Danja-a Erdeniyeb. The study attempts to trace its complex discursive story, which shows the way the religious didactic narrative was transformed into a textbook for secular Buryat schools of the time. The story of this transformation requires a comprehensive comment on the historical and cultural setting of the early twentieth-century tsarist Russia, in which the author and his text were both embedded. In the appendix to the article, the reader will find my transliteration and English translation of this peculiar text. Buriacki podręcznik religii buddyjskiej z 1908 roku w świetle uwarunkowań społeczno-kulturowychNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest opublikowanemu w 1910 roku tekstowi pt. Zwięzła wykładnia religii Buddy Siakjamuniego do nauczania dzieci buriackich, którego autorem był lama Danja-a Erdeniyeb. Artykuł jest próbą prześledzenia złożonej dyskursywnej historii tego dokumentu, która pokazuje, w jaki sposób religijna narracja dydaktyczna została przekształcona w podręcznik dla ówczesnych świeckich szkół buriackich. Ukazanie tej przemiany wymaga rozległego komentarza na temat historycznego i kulturowego kontekstu carskiej Rosji początku XX wieku, w którym osadzony był zarówno autor, jak i jego tekst. Aneks do artykułu zawiera transliterację oryginału i tłumaczenie całości tekstu na język angielski, sporządzone przez autora artykułu.
Diagnosis and Management of Barosinusitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Pathak Shivani , Hong Ellen M. , Benson Brian , Johnson Andrew P. , Svider Peter F. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To perform a systematic review to investigate the common presenting symptoms of barosinusitis, the incidence of those findings, the methods for diagnosis, as well as the medical and surgical treatment options. Methods: A review of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for articles published between 1967 and 2020 was conducted with the following search term: aerosinusitis OR “sinus squeeze” OR barosinusitis OR (barotrauma AND sinusitis) OR (barotrauma AND rhinosinusitis). Twenty-seven articles encompassing 232 patients met inclusion criteria and were queried for demographics, etiology, presentation, and medical and surgical treatments. Results: Mean age of patients was 33.3 years, where 21.7% were females and 78.3% were males. Causes of barotrauma include diving (57.3%), airplane descent (26.7%), and general anesthesia (0.4%). The most common presentations were frontal pain (44.0%), epistaxis (25.4%), and maxillary pain (10.3%). Most patients received topical steroids (44.0%), oral steroids (28.4%), decongestants (20.7%), and antibiotics (15.5%). For surgical treatment, most patients received functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (49.6%). Adjunctive surgeries include middle meatal or maxillary antrostomy (20.7%), septoplasty (15.5%), and turbinate surgery (9.1%). The most efficacious medical treatments are as follows: 63.6% success rate with oral steroids (66 treated), 50.0% success rate with topical steroids (102 treated), and 50.0% success rate analgesics (10 treated). For surgical treatments received by greater than 10% of the sample, the most efficacious was FESS (91.5% success rate, 108 treated). Conclusion: Oral and topical steroids should be first line therapies. If refractory, then functional endoscopic sinus surgery is an effective treatment.
Convulsive Syncope From Carotid Sinus Syndrome as a Manifestation of Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Goh Co Ian Joel , Huang Xinyong , Pang Maria Judith , Lee Tee Sin 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Carotid sinus syndrome (CSS) is a rare yet serious presentation of head and neck malignancy. To our knowledge, syncope and seizure-like episodes as a manifestation of carotid sinus syndrome secondary to laryngeal cancer has not been reported to date. We report a case of laryngeal cancer causing convulsive syncope masquerading as seizures due to CSS. Methods: Case report. The patient’s medical record was reviewed for demographic and clinical information. Results: A 62-year-old male presented with multiple episodes of syncope and hoarseness of voice. On nasoendoscopic examination, left vocal cord palsy and left aryepiglottic fold tumor were visualized. Computerized tomography (CT) neck showed a large 2.4 × 3.6 cm left supraglottic tumor with local invasion and extensive cervical lymphadenopathy compressing the carotid sinus. CT guided biopsy of the tumor revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma. While undergoing evaluation, the patient developed seizure-like episodes. Inpatient telemetry monitoring revealed significant bradycardia and hypotension during these episodes. A permanent pacemaker was inserted which resulted in resolution of the syncopal and seizure-like episodes. Conclusion: In patients with unexplained syncope or seizure-like episodes and a background of head and neck cancer, clinicians should consider the diagnosis of CSS. CSS is a poor prognostic factor due to the associated higher stage of disease.