bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to estimate heritability: a guide for genetic epidemiologists
Authors: Barry Ciarrah-Jane S , Walker Venexia M , Cheesman Rosa , Davey Smith George , Morris Tim T , Davies Neil M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Traditionally, heritability has been estimated using family-based methods such as twin studies. Advancements in molecular genomics have facilitated the development of methods that use large samples of (unrelated or related) genotyped individuals. Here, we provide an overview of common methods applied in genetic epidemiology to estimate heritability, i.e. the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by genetic variation. We provide a guide to key genetic concepts required to understand heritability estimation methods from family-based designs (twin and family studies), genomic designs based on unrelated individuals [linkage disequilibrium score regression, genomic relatedness restricted maximum-likelihood (GREML) estimation] and family-based genomic designs (sibling regression, GREML-kinship, trio-genome-wide complex trait analysis, maternal-genome-wide complex trait analysis, relatedness disequilibrium regression). We describe how heritability is estimated for each method and the assumptions underlying its estimation, and discuss the implications when these assumptions are not met. We further discuss the benefits and limitations of estimating heritability within samples of unrelated individuals compared with samples of related individuals. Overall, this article is intended to help the reader determine the circumstances when each method would be appropriate and why.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Strain Selection: Guidance From Influenza
Authors: Monto Arnold S , Lauring Adam S , Martin Emily T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When first approved, many hoped that the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would provide long-term protection after a primary series. Waning of immunity and continued appearance of new variants has made booster inoculations necessary. The process is becoming increasingly similar to that used for annual updating of the influenza vaccine. The similarity has become even more apparent with selection of BA.4/BA.5 as the Omicron strain of the updated bivalent (Original + Omicron) COVID-19 vaccines. It is hoped that, if COVID-19 develops winter seasonality, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will require only annual review to determine if updates are necessary. Recommendations on whom should receive the booster would be based on conditions at that time.
Predicting hypertension onset from longitudinal electronic health records with deep learning
Authors: Datta Suparno , Morassi Sasso Ariane , Kiwit Nina , Bose Subhronil , Nadkarni Girish , Miotto Riccardo , Böttinger Erwin P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
Hypertension has long been recognized as one of the most important predisposing factors for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. In recent years, machine learning methods have shown potential in diagnostic and predictive approaches in chronic diseases. Electronic health records (EHRs) have emerged as a reliable source of longitudinal data. The aim of this study is to predict the onset of hypertension using modern deep learning (DL) architectures, specifically long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and longitudinal EHRs.

Materials and Methods
We compare this approach to the best performing models reported from previous works, particularly XGboost, applied to aggregated features. Our work is based on data from 233 895 adult patients from a large health system in the United States. We divided our population into 2 distinct longitudinal datasets based on the diagnosis date. To ensure generalization to unseen data, we trained our models on the first dataset (dataset A “train and validation”) using cross-validation, and then applied the models to a second dataset (dataset B “test”) to assess their performance. We also experimented with 2 different time-windows before the onset of hypertension and evaluated the impact on model performance.

Results
With the LSTM network, we were able to achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.98 in the “train and validation” dataset A and 0.94 in the “test” dataset B for a prediction time window of 1 year. Lipid disorders, type 2 diabetes, and renal disorders are found to be associated with incident hypertension.

Conclusion
These findings show that DL models based on temporal EHR data can improve the identification of patients at high risk of hypertension and corresponding driving factors. In the long term, this work may support identifying individuals who are at high risk for developing hypertension and facilitate earlier intervention to prevent the future development of hypertension.
A dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on prediction
Authors: Wu Fei , Chen Jiacheng , Wang Wanliang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dynamic multi-objective optimization problem (DMOP) is a common problem in optimization problems; the main reasons are the objective’s conflict and environment changes. In this paper, we provide a prediction approach based on diversity screening and special point prediction (DSSP) to tackle the dynamic optimization issue. First, we introduce a decision variable clustering and screening strategy that clusters the decision space of the non-dominated solution set to find the cluster centroids and then employs a decision variable screening strategy to filter out solutions that have an impact on the distribution of individuals. This approach can broaden the range of dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms. Second, an approach for predicting special points is suggested. The algorithm’s convergence is improved following environmental changes by forecasting the special point tracking Pareto front in the object space. Finally, the forward-looking center points are used to predict the non-dominated solution set and eliminate the useless individuals in the population. The prediction strategy can help the solution set converge while maintaining its diversity, which is compared with the four other state-of-the-art strategies. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm, DSSP, can effectively tackle DMOPs.
Monitoring small mammal abundance using NEON data: are calibrated indices useful?
Authors: Parsons Arielle W , Clark James S , Kays Roland 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Small mammals are important to the functioning of ecological communities with changes to their abundances used to track impacts of environmental change. While capture–recapture estimates of absolute abundance are preferred, indices of abundance continue to be used in cases of limited sampling, rare species with little data, or unmarked individuals. Improvement to indices can be achieved by calibrating them to absolute abundance but their reliability across years, sites, or species is unclear. To evaluate this, we used the US National Ecological Observatory Network capture–recapture data for 63 small mammal species over 46 sites from 2013 to 2019. We generated 17,155 absolute abundance estimates using capture–recapture analyses and compared these to two standard abundance indices, and three types of calibrated indices. We found that neither raw abundance indices nor index calibrations were reliable approximations of absolute abundance, with raw indices less correlated with absolute abundance than index calibrations (raw indices overall R2 &lt; 0.5, index calibration overall R2 &gt; 0.6). Performance of indices and index calibrations varied by species, with those having higher and less variable capture probabilities performing best. We conclude that indices and index calibration methods should be used with caution with a count of individuals being the best index to use, especially if it can be calibrated with capture probability. None of the indices we tested should be used for comparing different species due to high variation in capture probabilities. Hierarchical models that allow for sharing of capture probabilities over species or plots (i.e., joint-likelihood models) may offer a better solution to mitigate the cost and effort of large-scale small mammal sampling while still providing robust estimates of abundance.
Prediction of tissue-of-origin of early stage cancers using serum miRNomes
Authors: Matsuzaki Juntaro , Kato Ken , Oono Kenta , Tsuchiya Naoto , Sudo Kazuki , Shimomura Akihiko , Tamura Kenji , Shiino Sho , Kinoshita Takayuki , Daiko Hiroyuki , Wada Takeyuki , Katai Hitoshi , Ochiai Hiroki , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Abe Seiichiro , Saito Yutaka , Boku Narikazu , Kondo Shunsuke , Ueno Hideki , Okusaka Takuji , Shimada Kazuaki , Ohe Yuichiro , Asakura Keisuke , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Shun-Ichi , Asano Naofumi , Kawai Akira , Ohno Makoto , Narita Yoshitaka , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Niida Shumpei , Sakamoto Hiromi , Takizawa Satoko , Akiba Takuya , Okanohara Daisuke , Shiraishi Kouya , Kohno Takashi , Takeshita Fumitaka , Nakagama Hitoshi , Ota Nobuyuki , Ochiya Takahiro ,   Project Team for Development and Diagnostic Technology for Detection of miRNA in Body Fluids, Hotta Tomomitsu , Nakagama Hitoshi , Ochiya Takahiro , Furuta Koh , Kato Ken , Ochiai Atsushi , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Niida Shumpei , Mimori Koshi , Hatada Izuho , Kuroda Masahiko , Yokota Takanori , Mori Masaki , Ishii Hideshi , Murakami Yoshiki , Tahara Hidetoshi , Baba Yoshinobu , Akio Kobori , Takizawa Satoko , Hashimoto Koji , Hirai Mitsuharu , Kobayashi Masahiko , Fujimiya Hitoshi , Okanohara Daisuke , Nakae Hiroki , Takashima Hideaki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive detection of early stage cancers with accurate prediction of tumor tissue-of-origin could improve patient prognosis. Because miRNA profiles differ between organs, circulating miRNomics represent a promising method for early detection of cancers, but this has not been shown conclusively.

Methods
A serum miRNA profile (miRNomes)–based classifier was evaluated for its ability to discriminate cancer types using advanced machine learning. The training set comprised 7931 serum samples from patients with 13 types of solid cancers and 5013 noncancer samples. The validation set consisted of 1990 cancer and 1256 noncancer samples. The contribution of each miRNA to the cancer-type classification was evaluated, and those with a high contribution were identified.

Results
Cancer type was predicted with an accuracy of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87 to 0.90) in all stages and an accuracy of 0.90 (95% CI = 0.88 to 0.91) in resectable stages (stages 0-II). The F1 score for the discrimination of the 13 cancer types was 0.93. Optimal classification performance was achieved with at least 100 miRNAs that contributed the strongest to accurate prediction of cancer type. Assessment of tissue expression patterns of these miRNAs suggested that miRNAs secreted from the tumor environment could be used to establish cancer type–specific serum miRNomes.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that large-scale serum miRNomics in combination with machine learning could lead to the development of a blood-based cancer classification system. Further investigations of the regulating mechanisms of the miRNAs that contributed strongly to accurate prediction of cancer type could pave the way for the clinical use of circulating miRNA diagnostics.
Optical manipulation of optical vortex beam on gold nanoparticle
Authors: Liaw Jiunn-Woei , Chen Bing-Xian , Ku Yun-Cheng , Yang Chun-Yi , Lin Chun-Wei , Kuo Mao-Kuen 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The optomechanical manipulation of an optical vortex beam (Bessel beam) upon a single gold nanoparticle (GNP) was studied theoretically. This structured light carries spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) simultaneously via the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light. Due to the plasmon-enhanced light absorption and scattering of GNP, the SAM and OAM of photons are transferred to GNP, exhibited by the spin and orbital motions of GNP. The optical force and torque upon GNP are analyzed through the surface integrals of Maxwell's stress tensor. We found that there are specific stable circular orbits of GNP through the simulation of GNP's equation of motion; the revolution direction depends on the sign of the order of Bessel beam. If the order of Bessel beam is a positive integer, the GNP performs an orbital motion with a counterclockwise revolution. On the contrary, for a Bessel beam of a negative order, a clockwise revolution of GNP is induced. Additionally, the spin direction of GNP depends on the handedness of light: right-hand or left-hand circular polarization.
Ruptured gastro-intestinal stromal tumor as a surgical emergency: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abdelgawad Mohamed , Kamel Omar M , Issa Peter P , Omar Mahmoud , Barghuthi Lutfi , Davis Tyler , Ismael Hishaam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs of the small bowel are rare, and often present with an abdominal mass and/or bleeding. Chemotherapy and surgery are the mainstay of therapy. Here, we discuss an unusual case of a ruptured jejunal GIST with hemoperitoneum and recurrence despite surgical excision followed by Imatinib treatment. Forty-five cases of ruptured small intestinal GISTs were identified in the literature. Most cases were in males and were found to be at the site of the jejunum.
Banks in Distress
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 explains the main provisions of the UK’s Banking Act 2009. Part 1 of the Banking Act gives the authorities the tools to deal with banking institutions in financial difficulties and replaces the temporary special provisions regime that was provided by the Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008 (BSPA) with a permanent Special Resolution Regime (SRR); Part 2 introduces the Bank Insolvency Procedure (BIP), which provides for the winding up of a failed or failing bank; and Part 3 introduces the Bank Administration Procedure (BAP) for use where part of a failing bank’s business has been transferred, by means of the SRR, to a private bank or a bridge bank. The transposition of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) has extended the resolution regime to investment banks and financial groups. The chapter also explains objectives to safeguard depositors and client assets and money. The chapter also explains the resolution techniques to assist the resolution process. The chapter also looks at the UK’s relationship and responsibilities with the European Union in resolution post Brexit.
Challenge of Arbitral Awards
Authors: Blackaby Nigel , Partasides Constantine , Redfern Alan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the methods, grounds, and effects of challenging arbitral awards. The appeal over an arbitral award depends on whether the relevant rules of arbitration established any international appeal procedure or investment arbitration systems. Unlike litigation and mitigation, parties choosing arbitration means they are chasing finality and prepared to for a fight in the highest court. The purpose of challenging an award before a national court is to declare that the award will become null and void. However, a competent court could refuse to grant recognition to the declaration that has been set aside by a court of the seat of arbitration.
European Cross-Border Insolvency Law
Authors: Bork Reinhard , Mangano Renato 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The first edition of this textbook was published in 2016, but since then the legal and factual scenario of European cross-border insolvency law has changed dramatically. In particular, three main events have occurred. First, the prescriptions of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 (Recast) have become applicable; second, the UK has left the European Union, without this completely reducing the meaning of the regulation for the UK though; and third, the European Union has enacted Directive (EU) 2019/1023 on preventive restructuring and insolvency. Moreover, since 2016, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has delivered significant new judgments, albeit regarding the Regulation (EU) 1346/2000; national courts have started applying the prescriptions of Regulation (EU) 2015/848; scholars have produced numerous papers and commentaries on Regulation (EU) 2015/848; and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has issued relevant new documents such as the 2018 'Model Law on Recognition and Enforcement of Insolvency-Related Judgments' and the 2019 'Model Law on Enterprise Group Insolvency'. The second edition of this textbook maintains its original purpose of providing readers with a user-friendly framework so that they may understand the rationale of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 and be consistent in their application of its prescriptions. However, in order to analyse the impact of the new events and discuss the most recent interpretations of judges and scholars, each chapter has been given new bibliographical references, supplemented with further observations, and, in some cases, even reorganised.
International Jurisdiction
Authors: Bork Reinhard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter tackles the European Insolvency Regulation (EIR) covering Member States’ jurisdiction on opening main insolvency proceedings. The decisiveness of the Centre of Main Interests (COMI) play a vital role within the system of the EIR and the matter of Member States opening main insolvency proceedings across Europe. COMI is referred to be the place where the debtor conducts the administration of its interests regularly. Additionally, COMI is a place that is ascertainable by third parties. The EIR contains a specific regulation wherein it concerns jurisdiction for related actions, which is tested through the Gourdain formula as per Article Six of the EIR.
Secondary Insolvency Proceedings
Authors: Bork Reinhard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter expounds on how the Insolvency Regulation permits the opening of territorial proceedings conducted parallel to main proceedings. It includes how it would change the concept of universality through the existence of secondary proceedings, which serves the purpose of affecting assets within the Member State. The EIR implements the international insolvency laws which are guided by the principles of unity and universalism. While the EIR does not define secondary proceedings, the conclusion could be derived from the EIR’s Article Three which explained that secondary proceedings are territorial proceedings opened in a Member State. The chapter also explores the principles of modified unity and modified universalism.
Military HealthySteps Pilot Program Outcome Study
Authors: Chooey Jonathan , Scott Matthew , Patterson Paul , Jordan Bonnie , Roy Daniel , Flake Eric 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military families face many unique challenges, including frequent separations, demanding work hours, and relocations. The HealthySteps (HS) program may offset these challenges utilizing the expertise of a nonclinical child development specialist called a HS specialist who offers enhanced well-child visits (WCVs), support between visits, and connections to community resources. Our study sought to identify the impact of the military HS pilot program on the timeliness of WCVs, immunizations, routine behavioral and developmental screenings, and referrals to community resources within the first 15 months of life (MOL).

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed charts of 26 HS-enrolled and 26 randomly selected age-matched non-HS–enrolled children from age 2 to 15 MOL. Demographic variables obtained include child’s gender, child’s birth order, mother’s age, active duty parent’s rank classification, and active duty parent’s gender. We examined five outcomes measures aligning with the American Academy of Pediatrics health supervision, immunization, and screening recommendations and National Committee for Quality Assurance Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set measures: (1) completed six or more WCVs in the first 15 MOL, (2) completed developmental screening at the 9-month WCV, (3) up to date on vaccinations at 15 MOL, (4) completed three or more postpartum depression (PPD) screens in the first 6 MOL, and (5) the total number of documented referrals to community resources within the first 15 MOL. Chi-square analysis and independent t-tests were used to compare the groups.

Results
There was no statistical significance (P &gt; .05) between the HS-enrolled and control groups for all five demographic variables. A significantly higher percentage of children in the HS-enrolled group received PPD screening compared to the control group (96% vs. 73.1%, P = .021). The HS-enrolled group had a higher mean number of community resource referrals at 15 MOL of 2.46 (SD = 1.14) vs. the control group with a mean of 0.19 (SD = 0.49). None of the other outcomes showed a statistically significant difference between groups.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate the positive impacts of the military HS program on referrals to community resources and PPD screening, reflecting the HS specialist focus on the family unit. Limitations of this study include the small population size and limited demographic information resulting from the retrospective nature of the study and pilot status of the HS program. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the true impact of the HS program in the military health system.
qwind3: UV line-driven accretion disc wind models for AGN feedback
Authors: Quera-Bofarull Arnau , Done Chris , Lacey Cedric G , Nomura Mariko , Ohsuga Ken 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The ultraviolet (UV) bright accretion disc in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) should give rise to line driving, producing a powerful wind that may play an important role in AGN feedback as well as in producing structures like the broad-line region. However, coupled radiation-hydrodynamic codes are complex and expensive, so we calculate the winds instead using a non-hydrodynamical approach (the qwind framework). The original qwind model assumed the initial conditions in the wind, and had only simple radiation transport. Here, we present an improved version that derives the wind initial conditions and has significantly improved ray tracing to calculate the wind absorption self-consistently, given the extended nature of the UV emission. We also correct the radiation flux for relativistic effects and assess the impact of this on the wind velocity. These changes mean the model is more physical, so its predictions are more robust. We find that, even when accounting for relativistic effects, winds can regularly achieve velocities ≃(0.1−0.5)c, and carry mass-loss rates that can be up to 80 per cent of the accreted mass for black hole masses of 107−9 M⊙, and mass accretion rates of 50 per cent of the Eddington rate. Overall, the ratio of kinetic power carried by the wind to bolometric luminosity increases with mass accretion rate at a given black hole mass, unlike the constant fraction generally assumed in current cosmological simulations that include AGN feedback. The updated code, qwind3, is publicly available in GitHub.1