bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata (Studi di Desa Masmas Kecamatan Batu Kaliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah)
Authors: Mulyan Andi , Isnaini Lalu Moh Yudha 
Published: November 2022

Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan pariwisata adalah keikutsertaan, keterlibatan, dan kebersamaan anggota masyarakat dalam suatu kegiatan tertentu. Raharjana (2012), bahwa masyarakat berperan penting dalam menunjang pembangunan pariwisata terutama dalam mengendalikan arah pengembangan pariwisata sehingga dapat meminimalisir dampak negatif dari atkvitas wisata.Urmila, dkk (2013) bahwa partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam keseluruhan tahap pengembangan mulai dari perencanaan, implementasi dan pengawasan sering diabaikan, sehingga peran pemerintah dalam pengelolaan pariwisata terlihat dominan. Wearing & Donald (2002) menegaskan bahwa masyarakat lokal berkedudukan sama penting dengan pemerintah dan swasta sebagai salah satu pemangku kepentingan dalam pengembangan pariwisata. Kedua pendapat tersebut dikaitkan dengan pengembangan wisata di Desa Masmas Kecamatan Batu Kliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Dalam hal ini dilakukan penelitian dengan judul “Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata (Studi Desa Masmas Kecamatan Batu Kaliang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah). Penulis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat partisipasi masyarakat dan dampaknya terhadap pengembangan wisata desa. Teori pendukung yaitu tentang tindakan sosial yaitu suatu tindakan individu, dimana tindakan tersebut dikaitkan dengan hubungan sosial dalam bentuk partisipasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat Desa Masmas tergolong bagus, dan berdampak terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Sejarah Berbasis Situs Sejarah Bima (Studi Kasus pada Siswa Kelas X MAN 2 Kota Bima)
Authors: Ilmiawan Ilmiawan , Arif Arif 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku ajarsejarahberbasis situs sejarah Bima. Metode penelitian yang digunakan padapenelitian ini adalah Pengembangan. Digunakannyametode R&D dalam penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengembangkan buku ajar sejarahberbasis situs sejarah Bima. Menurut Borg and Gall (1983) R&D is process used to develop and validate educational product”. Yang dimaksud produk dalam konteks penelitian dan pengembangan menurut Borg and Gall (1983), adalah tidak terbatas pada bahan-bahan material saja seperti buku teks, film pendidikan dan sejenisnya akan tetapi, juga menyangkut dengan prosedur dan proses misalnya seperti model pembelajaran dan metode perorganisasian pembelajaran. Pengembangan materi atau buku ajar yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pengembangan model Borg and Gall (1983). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat simpulkan bahwa hasil validasi ahli, penilaian pendidik dan peserta didik, Pengembangan Buku Ajar Sejarahberbasis Situs Sejarah Bima bisa dan layak digunakan pada pembelajaran sejarah sesuai sub materi yang ada pada buku paket, Silabus, RPP dan kurikulum sejarah.Pengembangan BukuSejarahberbasisSitus Sejarah Bima yang telah dikembangkan sebagaimana Berdasarkan hasil uji coba terbatas dan ujicobalapangan diketahui bahwa hasil pengembangan dapat digunakanpadamatapelajaransejarah, khususnyapadatingkat SMA/MA/SMK yang berada di sekitarwilayah Kota/KabupatenBima, danumumnya di Indonesia
Axonal sprouting regulates myelin basic protein gene expression in denervated mouse hippocampus
Authors: Jensen Michael B. , Poulsen Frantz R. , Finsen Bente 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe regulation of oligodendrocyte gene expression and myelination in vivo in the normal and injured adult CNS is still poorly understood. We have analyzed the effects of axotomy‐induced axonal sprouting and microglial activation, on oligodendrocyte myelin basic protein (MBP) gene expression from 2 to 35 days after transection of the entorhino‐hippocampal perforant path axonal projection. In situ hybridization analysis showed that anterograde axonal and terminal degeneration lead to upregulated oligodendrocyte MBP mRNA expression starting between day 2 and day 4, in (1) the deep part of stratum radiatum of CA3 and the dentate hilus, which display axonal sprouting but no degenerative changes or microglial activation, and (2) the outer part of the molecular layer of the fascia dentata, and in stratum moleculare of CA3 and stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of CA1, areas that display dense anterograde axonal and terminal degeneration, myelin degenerative changes, microglial activation and axotomi‐induced axonal sprouting. Oligodendrocyte MBP mRNA expression reached maximum in both these areas at day 7. MBP gene transcription remained constant in stratum radiatum, stratum pyramidale and stratum oriens of CA1, areas that were unaffected by perforant path transection. These results provide strong evidence that oligodendrocyte MBP gene expression can be regulated by axonal sprouting independently of microglial activation in the injured adult CNS.
Conversion of Fumaric Acid to l‐Malic by Sol‐Gel Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Supported Liquid Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Bressler Eyal , Pines Ophry , Goldberg Israel , Braun Sergei 
Published: July 2002

AbstractConversion of fumaric acid (FA) to l‐malic acid (LMA) was carried out in a bioreactor divided by two supported liquid membranes (SLMs) into three compartments: Feed, Reaction, and Product. The Feed/Reaction SLM, made of tri‐ n‐octylphosphine oxide (vol 10%) in ethyl acetate, was selective toward the substrate, fumaric acid ( SFA/LMA = 10). The Reaction/Product SLM, made of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (vol 10%) in dichloromethane, was selective toward the product, l‐malic acid ( SLMA/FA = 680). Immobilized yeast engineered to overproduce the enzyme fumarase [E.C. 4.2.1.2] was placed in the Reaction compartment and served as the catalyst. The yeast was immobilized in small glasslike beads of alginate‐silicate sol‐gel matrix. The construction of the bioreactor ensured unidirectional flow of the substrate from the Feed to the Reaction and of the product from the Reaction to the Product compartments, with the inorganic counterion traveling in the opposite direction. The conversion of almost 100%, above the equilibrium value of ca. 84% and higher than that for the industrial process, 70%, was achieved. In contrast to the existing industrial biocatalytic process resulting in l‐malic acid salts, direct production of the free acid is described.
Comparative demography of two giant caulescent rosettes (Espeletia timotensis and E. spicata) from the high tropical Andes
Authors: Silva Juan F. , Trevisan Maria Cristina , Estrada Carlos A. , Monasterio Maximina 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUsing field data from previous studies we built matrix models for two populations of giant rosettes, Espeletia timotensis Cuatrec. and E. spicata Sch. Bip. Wedd., from the Andes Cordillera in Mérida, Venezuela. We analysed the models and calculated population growth rate (λ), sensitivities, elasticities and the sensitivity of the elasticities to changes in the vital rates. The analysis showed that the two species behave alike in general demographic terms. In both models, population growth rate is positive and sensitivities of λ to changes in vital rates decrease markedly in this order: plant establishment, progression of juvenile–adult, germination and survival. The relative contributions of vital rates to λ (elasticities) are very similar to those of other woody plant species: a higher contribution of survival and a very low contribution of fecundity. Transition from seedling to juvenile is most important and the younger established stages (juveniles and young adults) play a predominant demographic role in both populations. Seed banks and older adults are playing a relatively minor role in the dynamics of both populations. However, they may be important in relation to unpredictable, favourable or detrimental events. Perturbation analysis of elasticities showed that increasing the rate of plant establishment will decrease the relative importance of stasis. We conclude that both species are demographically very close, and similar to other long‐lived woody plant species. However, the two species differ in the role of the seed bank, which seems more important in the demography of E. spicata than in E. timotensis.
Accommodative error, adaptation and myopia
Authors: Rosenfield Mark , Gilmartin Bernard 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAccommodative adaptation, resulting from the sustained output of slow blur‐driven accommodation during the course of a sustained near‐vision task, has generally been assessed under open‐loop conditions. This study examined whether adaptation influences closed‐loop accommodation during the course of a sustained near‐vision task. Accommodative adaptation was assessed in 18 fully‐corrected subjects by comparing pre‐ and post‐task values of dark accommodation recorded objectively with an infra‐red optometer. Subjects performed a continuous 10 min binocular near‐vision task at a viewing distance of 33 cm, with the within‐task accommodative response being assessed at 1 min intervals during this period. Subjects were categorized into adaptors (N=11) and non‐adaptors (N=7) on the basis of whether their initial 10 sec post‐task adaptation exceeded +0.30D. The adapting group exhibited a significant decline in the lag of accommodation during the first 3  min of the near‐task, whereas no significant change in the within‐task response over time was observed in the non‐adapting group. These results indicate that accommodative adaptation increases the accuracy of the within‐task, closed‐loop accommodative response. Furthermore, we speculate that a deficit in accommodative adaptation, being accompanied by increased retinal defocus during near fixation, may contribute to the development of nearwork‐induced myopia.
A dynamic simulation of particle rearrangement in powder packings with realistic interactions
Authors: Yen K. Z. Y. , Chaki T. K. 
Published: July 2002

A computer simulation of evolution of random structures of spherical particles has been performed by solving Newton’s equations of motion. The forces considered are gravity, Hertz contact force, frictional force, and van der Waals interaction (VDWI). 948 monosized particles were placed without overlapping inside a rigid cylindrical container by generating the coordinates of the centers of the particles with the help of a random number generator. The initial packing density was only 0.363. The particles were allowed to settle under gravity. When the coefficient of friction (μ) among the particles and between the particle and the wall of the container was 0.3, the packing density reached a value of 0.578. If there is no friction, the density reached 0.633 which is comparable to the random close-packed density obtained in the random structures of steel ball bearings. For small particles, VDWI can reduce the packing density by agglomeration of particles into local clusters. For example, with VDWI and μ of 0.3, the random structures of particles with diameter 100 and 50 μm had packing densities of 0.528 and 0.420, respectively.
When μ was increased to 0.7, the packing density of 100-μm particles with VDWI was 0.505, compared to 0.528 in the case of μ equal to 0.3. The average velocity of the particles initially increased, and after reaching a maximum, started to decrease due to collisions amongst the particles. During the dynamic simulation, the trajectories of a few selected particles were traced. To study the rearrangement process, the average displacement of a few particles in a direction normal to the direction of gravity and the average angle of rotation of the straight line joining the centers of a few selected pairs of particles were calculated at various instants of time. It is seen that the rearrangement of 50-μm particles was smaller than that of 100-μm particles because of VDWI. The radial distribution functions of the computer-generated close-packed structure is similar to that of Finney’s close-packed structure of steel balls. In the case of 50-μm particles with VDWI, there were additional peaks close to the first peak, due to agglomerating effect of VDWI. The cumulative number of contacts was computed as a function of the radial distance and, in the case of 100-μm particles without friction and VDWI, it agreed with Mason’s data for steel balls.
Ab initio potential curves, dipole moments, and transition probabilities for the low-lying states of arsenic oxide
Authors: Alekseyev Aleksey B. , Sannigrahi Abani B. , Liebermann Heinz-Peter , Buenker Robert J. , Hirsch Gerhard 
Published: July 2002

Relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs) are employed in the framework of spin-orbit configuration interaction method to compute potentials curves and one-electron properties for a large number of electronic states of the arsenic oxide molecule. Good agreement is noted between calculated and experimental data for the spectroscopic constants of states with Te values at or below 40 000 cm−1. The calculations predict that the lowest excited Λ–S state is the π→π* a 4Π and it is argued that some experimental results of Kushawaha et al. originally thought to correspond to the A″ 2Σ+–X 2Π transition should be reassigned as a 4Π–X 2Π. There is general agreement that the corresponding π→π* 2Π is the upper state in the G1,G2→X 2Π band systems, with computed Te values only 600 cm−1 smaller than observed, and discrepancies in re and ωe values of 0.01 Å and 16–20 cm−1, respectively. The b 4Σ− and I 2Φ Ω components are found to be the next lowest-energy states, but it is pointed out that the experimental L–F splitting is too large to be attributed to the b1 4Σ−1/2–b2 4Σ−3/2 energy difference.
Strong perpendicular transitions are computed for the A 2Σ+–X 2Π band system, and the upper state is found to undergo homogeneous perturbations by a number of neighboring states which should have important effects on the A–X vibrational intensity distribution. The B 2Σ+ state has a large amount of Rydberg character and is the only low-lying AsO state with As−O+ polarity. The minimum in its potential curve appears to be almost coincident with a maximum in the A 2Σ+ potential, leading to an onset of a break-up in the otherwise strong B–X emission intensity pattern at v′=0 and N′=21. On the basis of the present calculations an estimate for the D00 value of the AsO ground state of 4.22 eV can be made, which is ∼0.7 eV smaller than the upper limit for this value given in the literature. Numerous comparisons with analogous calculated results for the heavier Group V oxides, SbO and BiO are made, allowing for a systematic evaluation of the changing role of relativistic effects with increasing atomic number of the heavy atom in this class of molecules.
Weak amenability of triangular Banach algebras
Authors: Forrest B. , Marcoux L. 
Published: July 2002

Let

A

\mathcal {A}

and

B

\mathcal {B}

be unital Banach algebras, and let

M

\mathcal {M}

be a Banach

A

,

B

\mathcal {A},\mathcal {B}

-module. Then

T

=

[

A

a
m
p
;

M

0

a
m
p
;

B

]

\mathcal {T} = \begin {bmatrix}\mathcal {A} & \mathcal {M}\\ 0 & \mathcal {B} \end {bmatrix}

becomes a triangular Banach algebra when equipped with the Banach space norm

‖

[

a

a
m
p
;
m

0

a
m
p
;
b

]

‖

=
‖
a

‖

A

+
‖
m

‖

M

+
‖
b

‖

B

\left \Vert \begin {bmatrix} a & m\\ 0 & b \end {bmatrix} \right \Vert = \Vert a \Vert _{\mathcal {A}} + \Vert m \Vert _{\mathcal {M}} + \Vert b \Vert _{\mathcal {B}}

. A Banach algebra

T

\mathcal {T}

is said to be

n
n

-weakly amenable if all derivations from

T

\mathcal {T}

into its

n

t
h

n^{\mathrm {th}}

dual space

T

(
n
)

\mathcal {T}^{(n)}

are inner. In this paper we investigate Arens regularity and

n
n

-weak amenability of a triangular Banach algebra

T

\mathcal {T}

in relation to that of the algebras

A

\mathcal {A}

,

B

\mathcal {B}

and their action on the module

M

\mathcal {M}

.
On perturbations of matrix pencils with real spectra. II
Authors: Bhatia Rajendra , Li Ren-Cang 
Published: July 2002

A well-known result on spectral variation of a Hermitian matrix due to Mirsky is the following: Let

A
A

and

A
~

\widetilde A

be two

n
×
n

n\times n

Hermitian matrices, and let

λ
1

\lambda _1

, …,

λ

n

\lambda _{n}

and

λ
~

1

\widetilde \lambda _1

, …,

λ
~

n

\widetilde \lambda _{n}

be their eigenvalues arranged in ascending order. Then

⦀
diag
⁡
(

λ
1

−

λ
~

1

,
…
,

λ
n

−

λ
~

n

)
⦀

≤

⦀
A
−

A
~

⦀

\left \Vvert \operatorname {diag} (\lambda _1- \widetilde \lambda _1,\ldots ,\lambda _n- \widetilde \lambda _n) \right \Vvert \le \left \Vvert A-\widetilde A \right \Vvert

for any unitarily invariant norm

⦀
⋅
⦀

\Vvert \cdot \Vvert

. In this paper, we generalize this to the perturbation theory for diagonalizable matrix pencils with real spectra. The much studied case of definite pencils is included in this.
Automated management of gene discovery projects.
Authors: Taylor S , Hodgman T C , Littler C B , Sayle R A , Gill R W , Oxer M D , O'Donnell C H , Lyall A 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
SUMMARY: The paper reports on programs, organization and Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) presentation provided by the Hierarchical Automated Gene Identification System (HAGIS) designed for managing sequencing projects. AVAILABILITY: On request from the authors. CONTACT: st23646@ggr.co.uk
Extended disturbance observer for nonlinear system with time‐varying disturbance gain
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyun , Choi Seibum B. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn control engineering, the disturbance is a major problem that deteriorates system robustness. To address this problem, a disturbance observer (DOB) has been proposed and developed. In particular, a general method of estimating high‐order disturbance, expressed as a time series expansion, was studied (H‐DOB). However, systems to which H‐DOB are applicable are limited to those in which disturbance gain is constant. This constraint degrades the generality of H‐DOB because applicable systems are limited. Therefore, by expanding to a system with a time‐varying disturbance gain, we propose a more general H‐DOB. The DOB proposed in this paper redesigns the dynamics of the observer based on the structure of the H‐DOB. The proposed DOB is applicable even if the system is highly nonlinear. This paper verifies the convergence of the proposed DOB through proof. Using this proof, the same characteristic error dynamics can be obtained, so the same design method can be applied. The simulation for the verification of the proposed method performs disturbance estimation of the extension system. This simulation proves that, compared to H‐DOB, the proposed DOB has good disturbance estimation performance.
Boosting B Cell and Macrophage‐Mediated Humoral Immunity with Fusion Nanovesicles for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Combined Therapy
Authors: Yu Yulin , Li Yang , Tian Yinmei , Hu Qian , Li Xiaonan , Tu Jingyao , Liu Han , Yang Conglian , Kong Li , Zhang Zhiping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCell‐derived nanovesicles are widely utilized as therapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Current research mostly focuses on their ability to activate antitumor cellular immunity. However, whether they can activate and participate in antitumor humoral immunity is rarely studied. Here, doxorubicin‐loaded hybrid cell nanovesicles (DNVs) are designed for boosting antitumor humoral and cellular immunity. The hybrid cell nanovesicles are generated through fusion of nanovesicles derived from M1‐type macrophages and 4T1 tumor cells. It is found that DNVs can accumulate at tumor tissues and draining lymph nodes effectively, which results in the activation of antitumor immune response and significant inhibition of tumor progression. During this process, dendritic cells are effectively activated, subsequently inducing cytotoxicity T lymphocytes‐mediated cellular immunity. Furthermore, DNVs elicit the antitumor humoral immunity through boosting T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells. By analyzing the mechanism behind humoral immunity activation, it is found that M1‐type macrophages repolarized by DNVs play an important role. In general, besides antitumor cellular immunity, the proposed hybrid nanovesicles provide a promising strategy for enhancing antitumor humoral immunity by macrophages repolarization and germinal center B cells activation.
Rhythm Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy Enhancing Immunogenic Cell Death Response in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ran Jianchuan , Liu Tao , Song Chuanhui , Wei Zheng , Tang Chuanchao , Cao Zichen , Zou Huihui , Zhang Xinyu , Cai Yu , Han Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe low antitumor efficiency and unexpected thermo‐tolerance activation of mild‐temperature photothermal therapy (mPTT) severely impede the therapeutic efficacy, thereby the implementation of reasonable mPTT procedure to improve antitumor efficiency is of great significance for clinical transformation. Herein, a rhythm mPTT with organic photothermal nanoparticles (PBDB‐T NPs) is demonstrated, synergistically increasing tumor elimination and intense immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) to elicit tumor‐specific immune responses for tumor treatment. Specifically, PBDB‐T NPs are characterized by favorable biocompatibility, excellent and controllable photothermal properties, exhibit the properties of noninvasive diagnostic imaging, and effective mPTT against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Encouragingly, a temperature‐dependent release of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is discovered during the mPTT‐induced ICD. Meanwhile, orchestrated rhythm mPTT referring to radiotherapy procedure amplifies and balances antitumor efficiency and abundant DAMPs generation to gain optimal immune activation within clinical‐recommended hyperthermia temperature compared with conventional PTT. The in vitro and in vivo results show that the rhythm mPTT unites the killing effect and ICD induction, generating strong mPTT efficacy and active tumor‐specific adaptive immune responses. The study offers a promising strategy and a new opportunity for the clinical application of mPTT.
Photolithography‐Based Microfabrication of Biodegradable Flexible and Stretchable Sensors
Authors: Bathaei Mohammad Javad , Singh Rahul , Mirzajani Hadi , Istif Emin , Akhtar Muhammad Junaid , Abbasiasl Taher , Beker Levent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiodegradable sensors based on integrating conductive layers with polymeric materials in flexible and stretchable forms have been established. However, the lack of a generalized microfabrication method results in large‐sized, low spatial density, and low device yield compared to the silicon‐based devices manufactured via batch‐compatible microfabrication processes. Here, a batch fabrication‐compatible photolithography‐based microfabrication approach for biodegradable and highly miniaturized essential sensor components is presented on flexible and stretchable substrates. Up to 1600 devices are fabricated within a 1 cm2 footprint and then the functionality of various biodegradable passive electrical components, mechanical sensors, and chemical sensors is demonstrated on flexible and stretchable substrates. The results are highly repeatable and consistent, proving the proposed method's high device yield and high‐density potential. This simple, innovative, and robust fabrication recipe allows complete freedom over the applicability of various biodegradable materials with different properties toward the unique application of interests. The process offers a route to utilize standard micro‐fabrication procedures toward scalable fabrication of highly miniaturized flexible and stretchable transient sensors and electronics.