bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sturge Weber Syndrome (SWS): A case report in an infant
Authors: Afzal Erum , Noureen Asia , Iqbal Muhammad Khalid , Aftab Kausar , Rehman Asad , Muien Rubeena 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sturge Weber Syndrome (SWS), known as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare neurocutaneous disorder and is having a prevalence of 1/20-50,000, live births. The syndrome consists of leptomeningeal angiomas and the angiomas of the face, characteristically in the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The neurological presentations include fits, deficits in cognition, glaucoma, and visual field abnormalities. The overgrowth of the soft tissues and extracranial angiomas can also occur in SWS.
Case presentation: We are presenting a rare case of Sturge Weber Syndrome in an infant who presented at an early stage of this disorder. The index case presented to us with a large port-wine stain and right-sided focal fits. The CT scan brain showed subtle gyriform tram-track calcification of the left cerebral cortex and the left-sided cerebral atrophy. Ophthalmological examination showed glaucoma of the left eye. The clinical and radiological criteria were used to make the final diagnosis of SWS.
Conclusion: The case is being reported in order to increase awareness among medical professionals.
A comparison of Male and Female Medical Student's Motivation towards Career Choice
Authors: Sattar Hina , Zain Zubaida , Sheikh Abdul Malik , Saleem Aniqua , Arshad Muhammad , Meraj Lubna 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare motivation to become a doctor in both genders
Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi Medical University in March 2019.
Materials and Methods: First and second-year M.B.B.S students were included in the study. Age, year of study, and gender were recorded. The questionnaire included 18 questions assessing six motivational dimensions: status and security; nature of the occupation; career opportunities; patient care and working with people; use of personal skills; and interest in science. Responses were recorded as ‘agree’ or ‘disagree’ for each question and results were analyzed using SPSS v19.
Results: Out of 350 medical students, 247 (70.6%) were female and 103 (29.4%) were male. Most frequent motivational factors for females were “Opportunity to care for/ help people” (n=240; 97.1%) followed by “responsible job” (n=220; 89%) and “use of mental skills” (n=217; 87.8%). Male students were motivated mostly by “use of mental skills” (n=90; 87.3%) followed by “provides secure career” (n=87; 84.4%) and “challenging field” (n=83; 80.5%). In our study, (n=61; 25%) of females responded in agreement that boosts in marriage perspective was an underlying motivational factor for their choice of studying medicine while (n=41; 40%) males agreed to it. There was a significant difference between both genders with a p-value of 0.005.
Conclusions: We infer that female medical students have more humanitarian grounds for choosing the medical profession and are more motivated than their male counterparts.
Surgical Site Infection with and without Prophylatic Antibiotic in Children undergoing Elecltive Inguinal Herniotomy
Authors: Napar Nabi Bux , Shaikh Noor Ahmed , Baloch Imamuddin , Shah Azhar Ali , Shaikh Bushra , Mahtam Ishrat 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study was aimed at determining the frequency of surgical site infection in children undergoing elective inguinal herniotomy with and without prophylactic antibiotic.
Study design: Prospective comparative study.
Settings: Pediatric surgery Department, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur.
Study duration: From 1st February 2020 to 31th March 2021.
Methodology: One hundred and sixty patients selected for this study and were equally divided into two groups. Group A received antibiotic prophylaxis (Injection ceftriaxone 50mg/kg) before the induction of general anesthesia, whereas Group P received placebo before the induction of general anesthesia. Demographic data and duration of surgery was noted on a proforma. Surgical procedure was carried out following standard surgical protocols. Post-operatively all patients were observed by an independent observer. Patients were observed for post-operative fever, inflammation of the surgical site and discharge from the site of incision. Wound was examined on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 30th post-operative day. For labeling Surgical Site Infection, Center of Disease criteria was followed.
Results: Demographic data of both groups was comparable. Mean duration of surgery in group A was 29.61±7.47 minutes, while it was 32.97±8.73 minutes in group P with p-value of 0.08. Out of 160 patients, thirteen patients developed surgical site infection; 5 (6.25%) patients belonged to group A, while 8 (10%) belonged to group P with a p-value of 0.385.
Conclusion: It is concluded in our study that use of prophylactic antibiotics in elective herniotomy cases performed in pediatric patients do not significantly decrease the incidence of Surgical Site Infection.
Comparison of Ondansetron & Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Post Spinal Shivering
Authors: Rana Sumbal , Wahid Faisal , Munir Ali Arslan , Naqvi Syed Ehtesham Haider , Mirza Zahoor Iqbal , Raziq Sohail 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION:
Spinal Anaesthesia is a major component of Anaesthetist's tool set and is widely used in Anaesthesia practices. A frequent problem encountered after spinal Anaesthesia is shivering caused by hypothermia. Incidence is 10-40%, if no prophylactic measures are taken, in different studies conducted on this topic. Hypothermia during intraoperative period is caused by different causes like cold ambient OR temperature, cold IV fluids, unhumidified cold inspired gases, body cavity exposure, extremes of age and prolonged procedures. Shivering occurs because of vasodilation caused by inhibition of vasoconstriction by spinal Anaesthesia and altered perception from anaesthetized dermatomes. Shivering has an array of adverse effects including increased workload for cardiopulmonary system , poorly tolerated by patients at extremes of age. A number of drugs have been studied for shivering.
Objective:
To compare efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and ondansetron for prevention of shivering under spinal Anaesthesia
Setting: AFIU
Study design: Randomized quasi experimental study
Study duration: 03 months
Materials and Methods:
The selected patients were randomly allocated to any of the two groups with 50 patients each, according to computer generated random numbers. Both groups recieved study drugs after spinal Anaesthesia.
Ondansetron group, 0.1mg/kg (groupO) and Dexmedetomidine group 0.1mcg/kg (group D). Patients were scored for shivering at scheduled intervals and rescue doses of Pethidine were given for severe shivering not responding to study drugs.
Results:
Our study in group O had high mean shivering scores at scheduled intervals as compared to group D
Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine provides better control of shivering than Ondansetron
Castleman Disease Mimicking Neurogenic Tumor Radiologically: A Case Report
Authors: Aqaash Haitham , Shahid Fatima , Qureshi Nousheen , Ayub Nayer , Hussain Asmara , Masood Sundas 
Published: February 2022

Background: There are only few case reports of enlarged lymph node affecting carotid artery and mimicking neurogenic tumor radiologically. We have one such report to present
Case presentation: We presented a young male with mass in left upper part of neck mimicking carotid body tumor on CT scan and MRI. Post operatively histopathology sample was sent which was identified as a case of castleman disease. This case has been described in detail in our report.
Conclusion: Mass that was initially misunderstood as a case of neurogenic tumor and prepared accordingly showed out to a case of castleman lymphadenopathy. Thus the diagnosis of such unique presentation was made Due to castleman disease rarity and mostly asymptomatic presentation it is difficult to diagnose. Its similarity to lymphoma and paraganglioma radiologically further adds to its difficulty in diagnosis.. Thus it is important to consider castleman disease as a differential diagnosis of such mass.
Association of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte and Platelet To Lymphocyte ratio with Blood Glucose Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Ahmed Sualeha , Khalid Muhammad Ali , Munir Muqadas , Arshad Imran , Maaz Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Disorders of lipid metabolism are common in diabetes causing greater cardiovascular risks. Leukocytosis is a major marker of metabolic syndrome. Both neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are related to subclinical inflammation worsening the glycemic control. HbA1c is used as a marker of blood glucose regulation.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with blood glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS:
This comparative analytical study was conducted in Shifa International Hospital on diabetic patients. Sample size was calculated as 62 by WHO sample size calculator . Non randomized convenient sampling was used. Patients were divided into two groups according to HbA1c level taking 7% as cut off point. Full blood count, lipid profile and liver profile were carried out. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were calculated for categorical variables. For quantitative normal and dispersed variables, independent student t and Mann Whitney U test were applied respectively. P Value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
Out of total 93 patients,33 (35.4 %) were males and 60(64.5%) were females. The mean duration of disease was 8.26 ± 5.8 years. NLR and PLR were elevated in patients having poor glucose control but that difference was not significant. Significant difference between the groups was found with random blood glucose. LDL, triglycerides , cholesterol ratio, ALT and AST were raised in patients having poor glycemic control.

CONCLUSION:
Patients having poor blood glucose regulation have increased levels of haematological and serological parameters posing greater cardiovascular health risks to patients with type 2 diabetes
First Results from HERA Phase I: Upper Limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum
Authors: Abdurashidova Zara , Aguirre James E. , Alexander Paul , Ali Zaki S. , Balfour Yanga , Beardsley Adam P. , Bernardi Gianni , Billings Tashalee S. , Bowman Judd D. , Bradley Richard F. , Bull Philip , Burba Jacob , Carey Steve , Carilli Chris L. , Cheng Carina , DeBoer David R. , Dexter Matt , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Dibblee-Barkman Taylor , Dillon Joshua S. , Ely John , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Fagnoni Nicolas , Fritz Randall , Furlanetto Steven R. , Gale-Sides Kingsley , Glendenning Brian , Gorthi Deepthi , Greig Bradley , Grobbelaar Jasper , Halday Ziyaad , Hazelton Bryna J. , Hewitt Jacqueline N. , Hickish Jack , Jacobs Daniel C. , Julius Austin , Kern Nicholas S. , Kerrigan Joshua , Kittiwisit Piyanat , Kohn Saul A. , Kolopanis Matthew , Lanman Adam , La Plante Paul , Lekalake Telalo , Lewis David , Liu Adrian , MacMahon David , Malan Lourence , Malgas Cresshim , Maree Matthys , Martinot Zachary E. , Matsetela Eunice , Mesinger Andrei , Molewa Mathakane , Morales Miguel F. , Mosiane Tshegofalang , Murray Steven G. , Neben Abraham R. , Nikolic Bojan , Nunhokee Chuneeta D. , Parsons Aaron R. , Patra Nipanjana , Pascua Robert , Pieterse Samantha , Pober Jonathan C. , Razavi-Ghods Nima , Ringuette Jon , Robnett James , Rosie Kathryn , Sims Peter , Singh Saurabh , Smith Craig , Syce Angelo , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan , Williams Peter K. G. , Zheng Haoxuan ,   The HERA Collaboration
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report upper limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm power spectrum at redshifts 7.9 and 10.4 with 18 nights of data (∼36 hr of integration) from Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). The Phase I data show evidence for systematics that can be largely suppressed with systematic models down to a dynamic range of ∼109 with respect to the peak foreground power. This yields a 95% confidence upper limit on the 21 cm power spectrum of

Δ

21

2

≤

(
30.76
)

2

mK

2

at k = 0.192 h Mpc−1 at z = 7.9, and also

Δ

21

2

≤

(
95.74
)

2

mK

2

at k = 0.256 h Mpc−1 at z = 10.4. At z = 7.9, these limits are the most sensitive to date by over an order of magnitude. While we find evidence for residual systematics at low line-of-sight Fourier k
∥ modes, at high k
∥ modes we find our data to be largely consistent with thermal noise, an indicator that the system could benefit from deeper integrations. The observed systematics could be due to radio frequency interference, cable subreflections, or residual instrumental cross-coupling, and warrant further study. This analysis emphasizes algorithms that have minimal inherent signal loss, although we do perform a careful accounting in a companion paper of the small forms of loss or bias associated with the pipeline. Overall, these results are a promising first step in the development of a tuned, instrument-specific analysis pipeline for HERA, particularly as Phase II construction is completed en route to reaching the full sensitivity of the experiment.
FIRST J153350.8+272729: The Radio Afterglow of a Decades-old Tidal Disruption Event
Authors: Ravi Vikram , Dykaar Hannah , Codd Jackson , Zaccagnini Ginevra , Dong Dillon , Drout Maria R. , Gaensler B. M. , Hallinan Gregg , Law Casey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the discovery of the fading radio transient FIRST J153350.8+272729. The source had a maximum observed 5 GHz radio luminosity of 8 × 1039 erg s−1 in 1986, but by 2019 had faded by a factor of nearly 400. It is located at the center of a galaxy (SDSS J153350.89+272729) at 147 Mpc, which shows weak Type II Seyfert activity. We show that a tidal disruption event (TDE) is the preferred scenario for FIRST J153350.8+272729, although it could plausibly be interpreted as the afterglow of a long-duration γ-ray burst. This is only the second TDE candidate to be first discovered at radio wavelengths. Its luminosity fills a gap between the radio afterglows of subrelativistic TDEs in the local universe, and relativistic TDEs at high redshifts. The unusual properties of FIRST J153350.8+272729 (ongoing nuclear activity in the host galaxy, high radio luminosity) motivate more extensive TDE searches in untargeted radio surveys.
A Method to Characterize the Wide-angle Point-Spread Function of Astronomical Images
Authors: Liu 刘 Qing 青 , Abraham Roberto , Gilhuly Colleen , van Dokkum Pieter , Martin Peter G. , Li 李 Jiaxuan 嘉轩 , Greco Johnny P. , Lokhorst Deborah , Chen Seery , Danieli Shany , Keim Michael A. , Merritt Allison , Miller Tim B. , Pasha Imad , Polzin Ava , Shen Zili , Zhang 张 Jielai 洁莱 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Uncertainty in the wide-angle point-spread function (PSF) at large angles (tens of arcseconds and beyond) is one of the dominant sources of error in a number of important quantities in observational astronomy. Examples include the stellar mass and shape of galactic halos and the maximum extent of starlight in the disks of nearby galaxies. However, modeling the wide-angle PSF has long been a challenge in astronomical imaging. In this paper, we present a self-consistent method to model the wide-angle PSF in images. Scattered light from multiple bright stars is fitted simultaneously with a background model to characterize the extended wing of the PSF using a Bayesian framework operating on a pixel-by-pixel level. The method is demonstrated using our software elderflower and is applied to data from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array to model its PSF out to 20′–25′. We compare the wide-angle PSF of Dragonfly to that of a number of other telescopes, including the SDSS PSF and show that, on scales of arcminutes, the scattered light in the Dragonfly PSF is markedly lower than that of other wide-field imaging telescopes. The energy in the wings of the Dragonfly PSF is sufficiently low that optical cleanliness plays an important role in defining the PSF. This component of the PSF can be modeled accurately, highlighting the power of our self-contained approach.
The Ionization and Destruction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Powerful Quasars
Authors: Xie Yanxia , Ho Luis C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We reanalyze the mid-infrared (5–40 μm) Spitzer spectra of 86 low-redshift (z < 0.5) Palomar–Green quasars to investigate the nature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission and its utility as a star formation rate (SFR) indicator for the host galaxies of luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We decompose the spectra with our recently developed template-fitting technique to measure PAH fluxes and upper limits, which we interpret using mock spectra that simulate the effects of AGN dilution. While luminous quasars can severely dilute and affect the detectability of emission lines, PAHs are intrinsically weak in some sources that are otherwise gas-rich and vigorously forming stars, conclusively demonstrating that powerful AGNs destroy PAH molecules. Comparing PAH-based SFRs with independent SFRs derived from the mid-infrared fine-structure neon lines and the total infrared luminosity reveals that PAHs can trace star formation activity in quasars with bolometric luminosities ≲1046 erg s−1, but increasingly underestimate the SFR for more powerful quasars, typically by ∼0.5 dex. Relative to star-forming galaxies and low-luminosity AGNs, quasars have a comparable PAH 11.3 μm/7.7 μm ratio but characteristically lower ratios of 6.2 μm/7.7 μm, 8.6 μm/7.7 μm, and 11.3 μm/17.0 μm. We suggest that these trends indicate that powerful AGNs preferentially destroy small grains and enhance the PAH ionization fraction.
Flux Rope Merging and the Structure of Switchbacks in the Solar Wind
Authors: Agapitov O. V. , Drake J. F. , Swisdak M. , Bale S. D. , Horbury T. S. , Kasper J. C. , MacDowall R. J. , Mozer F. S. , Phan T. D. , Pulupa M. , Raouafi N. E. , Velli M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A major discovery of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was the presence of large numbers of localized increases in the radial solar wind speed and associated sharp deflections of the magnetic field—switchbacks (SBs). A possible generation mechanism of SBs is through magnetic reconnection between open and closed magnetic flux near the solar surface, termed interchange reconnection, that leads to the ejection of flux ropes (FRs) into the solar wind. Observations also suggest that SBs undergo merging, consistent with an FR picture of these structures. The role of FR merging in controlling the structure of SBs in the solar wind is explored through direct observations, analytic analysis, and numerical simulations. Analytic analysis reveals key features of the structure of FRs and their scaling with heliocentric distance R, which are consistent with observations and demonstrate the critical role of merging in controlling the structure of SBs. FR merging is shown to energetically favor reductions in the strength of the wrapping magnetic field and the elongation of SBs. A further consequence is the resulting dominance of the axial magnetic field within SBs that leads to the observed characteristic sharp rotation of the magnetic field into the axial direction at the SB boundary. Finally, the radial scaling of the SB area in the FR model suggests that the observational probability of SB identification should be insensitive to R, which is consistent with the most recent statistical analysis of SB observations from PSP.
Gravitationally Decoupled Strange Star Model beyond the Standard Maximum Mass Limit in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Newton Singh Ksh. , Govender M. , Hansraj Sudan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The recent theoretical advance known as the minimal geometric deformation (MGD) method has initiated renewed interest in investigating higher-curvature gravitational effects in relativistic astrophysics. In this work, we model a strange star within the context of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity with the help of the MGD technique. Starting off with the Tolman metric ansatz, together with the MIT bag model equation of state applicable to hadronic matter, anisotropy is introduced via the superposition of the seed source and the decoupled energy-momentum tensor. The solution of the governing systems of equations bifurcates into two distinct models, namely, the mimicking of the θ sector to the seed radial pressure and energy density and a regular fluid model. Each of these models can be interpreted as self-gravitating static, compact objects with the exterior described by the vacuum Boulware–Deser solution. Utilizing observational data for three stellar candidates, namely PSR J1614–2230, PSR J1903+317, and LMC X-4, we subject our solutions to rigorous viability tests based on regularity and stability. We find that the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet parameter and the decoupling constant compete against each other for ensuring physically realizable stellar structures. The novel feature of the work is the demonstration of stable compact objects with stellar masses in excess of M = 2 M
⊙ without appealing to exotic matter. The analysis contributes new insights and physical consequences concerning the development of ultracompact astrophysical entities.
A Double-period Oscillation Signal in Millimeter Emission of the Radio Galaxy NGC 1275
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wang Zhongxiang , Gurwell Mark , Wiita Paul J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The nearby Seyfert type galaxy NGC 1275 contains a bright radio nucleus at its center, revealed through high-spatial resolution imaging to be the source of the jets emanating from the galaxy. Coincident with the emergence of a new component C3 in the nucleus since 2005, flux densities from NGC 1275, at least at radio, millimeter, and γ-ray frequencies, had been increasing up through 2017 and leveled off afterwards. We analyze the long-term light curves of the nucleus that span the rising trend to 2015 July, and find a pair of approximately year-long quasi-periodic oscillations, with periods of P

l
≃ 345 days and P

h
≃ 386 days, respectively, in emission at 1.3 mm wavelength. We discuss the case that there would be a long precession period, P
prec ≃ 9 yr, causing the appearance of P

h
that is slightly higher than P

l
. The accretion disk around the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) would be precessing at P
prec, induced by either the Lense–Thirring effect or the existence of a companion SMBH. In the two scenarios, P

l
would be the jet wobbling timescale or the SMBH binary period, respectively. The finding, which could be verified through high-spatial resolution millimeter imaging, would not only identify the nature of the jet variation but also help reveal the full features of the galaxy.