bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: Findings From KNOW-CKD Study
Authors: Suh Sang Heon , Oh Tae Ryom , Choi Hong Sang , Kim Chang Seong , Bae Eun Hui , Oh Kook-Hwan , Choi Kyu Hun , Oh Yun Kyu , Ma Seong Kwon , Kim Soo Wan 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe impact of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been rarely unveiled. We here investigated the association of LVDD with CV outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.MethodsA total of 2,135 patients with pre-dialysis CKD from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) cohort were dichotomized by the absence or presence of LVDD, which was defined as the ratio of the early transmitral blood flow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/e′) &gt; 14.ResultsCox regression analysis revealed that LVDD was significantly associated with increased risk of composite CV events [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.194, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.486–3.240] and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.830, 95% CI 1.168–2.869). Restricted cubic splines visualized stringent linear correlations of E/e′ with both composite CV events and all-cause mortality. In the sensitivity analysis only including the subjects with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50%, LVDD was still significantly associated with adverse CV outcomes (adjusted HR 1.984, 95% CI 1.325–3.000) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.727, 95% CI 1.083–2.754), suggesting that the impact of LVDD on the outcomes in patients with CKD is independent of LV systolic function. Subgroup analyses revealed that the associations were not modified by various clinical contexts, such as age, sex, burden of comorbid conditions, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria.ConclusionLVDD is independently associated with adverse CV outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.
Association of Lipid Levels With COVID-19 Infection, Disease Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chidambaram Vignesh , Shanmugavel Geetha Harinivaas , Kumar Amudha , Majella Marie Gilbert , Sivakumar Ranjith Kumar , Voruganti Dinesh , Mehta Jawahar L. , Karakousis Petros C. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe illness. Cholesterol in the host cell plasma membrane plays an important role in the SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into cells. Serum lipids, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), are in constant interaction with the lipid rafts in the host cell membranes and can modify the interaction of virus with host cells and the resultant disease severity. Recent studies on serum lipid levels and COVID-19 disease severity lack consistency.ObjectivesOur systematic review and meta-analysis compared the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) between (1) COVID-19 patients vs. healthy controls; (2) severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 disease; (3) deceased vs. surviving COVID-19 patients.MethodsPRISMA guidelines were followed. We included peer-reviewed articles on observational (case-control and cohort) studies from PubMed and Embase published from the database inception until September 1, 2021. We used random-effects meta-analysis for pooled mean-differences (pMD) in lipid levels (mg/dL) for the above groups.ResultsAmong 441 articles identified, 29 articles (26 retrospective and 3 prospective cohorts), with an aggregate of 256,721 participants, were included. COVID-19 patients had lower TC (pMD-14.9, 95%CI-21.6 to −8.3) and HDL-C (pMD-6.9, 95%CI −10.2 to −3.7) levels (mg/dL). Severe COVID-19 patients had lower TC (pMD-10.4, 95%CI −18.7 to −2.2), LDL-C (pMD-4.4, 95%CI −8.4 to −0.42), and HDL-C (pMD-4.4, 95%CI −6.9 to −1.8) at admission compared to patients with non-severe disease. Deceased patients had lower TC (pMD-14.9, 95%CI −21.6 to −8.3), LDL-C (pMD-10.6, 95%CI −16.5 to −4.6) and HDL-C (pMD-2.5, 95%CI −3.9 to −1.0) at admission. TG levels did not differ based on COVID-19 severity or mortality. No publication bias was noted.ConclusionWe demonstrated lower lipid levels in patients with COVID-19 infection and an association with disease severity and mortality. Their potential role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and their utility as prognostic factors require further investigation.
Distribution Characteristics of the Deep Geothermal Field in the Sichuan Basin and its Main Controlling Factors
Authors: Zhu Chuanqing , Xu Tong , Qiu Nansheng , Chen Tiange , Xu Ming , Ding Rui 
Published: March 2022

Geothermal energy and petroleum are two resources that coexist in sedimentary basins, and both of them are closely related to temperature. Based on the surface heat flow and the rock thermophysical properties, the deep geothermal field was calculated, then temperature distribution characteristics and the primary influencing factors on the geothermal state were discussed. The temperature distribution map of the Sichuan Basin for depths of 3,000–9,000 m presented the central and southern areas are characterized by relatively higher temperatures while the northwestern and northeastern areas are characterized by lower temperatures. Strata temperature in the central and southern areas exceeded 150°C as the burial depth reached 5,000 m. At the depth of 7,000 m, the temperatures in the central and southern areas were above 180°C, which is the threshold temperature for hot dry rock (HDR), while the temperatures in the northwestern and northeastern areas were below 160°C, which is close to the lower limit for oil crude oil cracking. The central and southern areas are favorite zones for the exploration of geothermal energy, conversely, the relatively lower temperatures in the northern, northwestern, and eastern areas are conducive to the presence of oil and gas. The unevenly distribution of geothermal field were controlled by the thicknesses of sedimentary layer and the crust, which indicates the lithosphere flexure and thickening caused by compression and depression, rapid deposition in the foreland depressions. The results can provide geothermal understandings for the exploration and development of the petroleum and geothermal resources and could serve as a reference for geodynamic studies in the Sichuan Basin.
Remagnetization of Carboniferous Limestone in the Zaduo Area, Eastern Qiangtang Terrane, and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Yu Liang , Yan Maodu , Guan Chong , Li Bingshuai , Fu Qiang , Xu Wanlong , Feng Zhantao , Zhang Dawen , Shen Miaomiao , Xu Zunbo , Niu Zhichao 
Published: March 2022

Robust paleomagnetic results through geological time are one of the keys to understand the drift history of the eastern Qiangtang terrane (EQT). Here, we presented comprehensive petrographic observations and rock magnetic and paleomagnetic analyses of the early Carboniferous Upper Zaduo (ZD) limestone Formation (C1z2) from the Sulucun (SLC) section in the Zaduo area, EQT, to investigate its magnetic originality and geological significance. A total of 12 sites (131 samples) were collected. Photomicrograph observations indicate that the limestone samples were characterized by widespread carbonate veinlets. Electron microprobe and energy dispersive spectrometry analyses confirm that authigenic magnetite formed after pyrite. Rock magnetic analyses reveal the dominant magnetic minerals of pyrite and magnetite, with ‘wasp-waisted’ hysteresis loops and close to the “remagnetization trend” hysteresis parameters. Based on both thermal and alternating field demagnetizations, the characteristic remanent magnetization directions for most samples were isolated: Dg = 6.3°, Ig = 50.1°, kg = 54.9, α95 = 6.2° in-situ, and Ds = 330.2°, Is = 58.9°, ks = 5.9, and α95 = 20.5° after 2-step tilt correction. The κ (α95) value decreases (increases) after tilt-correction, and the ChRM directions failed both the McFadden (1990), Watson and Enkin (1993) fold tests, indicating post-folding magnetizations. The 11 site-mean directions yield a mean in-situ paleopole of 84.4°N, 200.3°E, and A95 = 6.8°, which is coincident with the post ∼53 Myr (especially around 40 Ma) paleopoles of the region. We therefore interpreted that these early Carboniferous limestone samples contain remagnetized magnetizations and that they were obtained after 53 Ma, most likely around 40 Ma, due to the far-field effect of the India–Eurasia collision.
Polymagmatic Glaciovolcanism: Cracked Mountain Tuya, Canadian Cascades
Authors: Harris Martin A. , Russell James K. 
Published: March 2022

Monogenetic volcanoes are characterized as having no temporal break in eruptive activity and are often assumed to have a simple (singular) magmatic plumbing system. However, recent studies on monogenetic systems have started to recover evidence of complexities within the magma-crustal dynamics. Here we investigate Cracked Mountain (CM), a 401 ± 38 ka glaciovolcanic basaltic landform in southwest, British Columbia, Canada. The volcano covers an area of ∼1.5 km2, has an eruptive volume of ∼0.18 km3, and comprises lapilli tuff, breccia, peperite, pillow and sheet lava, and dykes with no erosional surfaces present between the stratigraphic successions. The paleomagnetic signature of all volcanic lithofacies records a single-pole direction and, in conjunction with stratigraphic evidence, implies a monogenetic eruption. We establish that the Cracked Mountain volcano was fed by two separate crustally-stored magmas (i.e., polymagmatic), each characterized by a unique phenocryst assemblage indicative of different pre-eruptive storage conditions. The first mineral assemblage is an olivine-and-plagioclase phyric (OP) suite, and the second is an olivine-plagioclase-and-augite phyric (OPA) suite. The major-element geochemical compositions of the two petrographic suites vary slightly, with OPA samples higher in SiO2 and total-alkali contents than OP. The two magmas have similar rare earth (REE) trace element signatures, suggesting the same mantle source. We use thermodynamic modeling (Rhyolite-MELTS) to show that the OP suite derives from magma stored at depths &lt;6 km (&lt; 2 kbar) and temperatures of 1240–1155°C. In contrast, the OPA magmas crystallized at depths between 7–9 km (∼2–2.5 kbar) at 1,250–1,150°C prior to eruption. Both magmas are shown to be nearly “dry” having less than 0.5 H2O wt% in their respective systems. We use Pearce Element Ratios (PER) to show that the chemical variations within and between the two CM magmas are controlled solely by the crystal fractionation of two phenocryst assemblages that underwent syn-eruptive mixing. This study concludes that the polymagmatic plumbing system at Cracked Mountain shows similar complexities to other global investigations of monogenetic volcanoes. Lastly, we propose a causal link between the crustal dynamics of magma systems and the impact of crustal loading and unloading during cycles of glaciation.
The Resting-State Brain Network Functional Connectivity Changes in Patients With Acute Thyrotoxic Myopathy Based on Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Li Yanfang , Ling Min , Huang Song , Liang Xinghuan , Qin Yingfen , Luo Zuojie , Zhou Jia 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to explore the correlation between clinical manifestation and the functional connectivity changes of the sensorimotor network (SMN) and left frontoparietal network (LFPN) in patients with acute thyrotoxic myopathy (ATM), which was expected to provide a functional imaging basis for the exploration of the pathophysiological mechanism of ATM.Methods13 ATM patients (ATM) and 12 non-ATM patients (nATM) who met the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were enrolled. Their resting-state brain function images were obtained with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). GIFT software was used for independent component analysis to obtain the brain regions with SMN and LFPN changes. The correlation between the functional connectivity of these brain regions and clinical indicators was calculated.ResultsThe SMN functional connectivity of ATM patients was increased at the posterior lobe of cerebellum, anterior lobe of cerebellum, right superior temporal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, left precuneus, and left postcentral gyrus compared with that of nATM patients. However, it was decreased at the occipital lobe, right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule, angular gyrus, and superior parietal gyrus (FDR correction, P&lt;0.05). The LFPN functional connectivity of ATM patients was increased at the posterior lobe of cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and right cingulate gyrus compared with that of nATM patients; but was decreased at frontal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus (FDR correction, P&lt;0.05) Correlation analysis results showed that the enhancement of SMN functional connection at right superior temporal gyrus was significantly negatively correlated with the free thyroxine level, and the decrease of SMN functional connectivity at occipital lobe was significantly positively correlated to the thyroid stimulating hormone level. The SMN and LFPN functional connectivity changes in other brain regions were not found to be significantly correlated with thyroid function parameters.ConclusionThe bulbar paralysis (such as dysphagia, dysarthria) in ATM patients may be related to the functional connectivity changes of resting-state SMN and LFPN. The fMRI is expected to be one of the objective imaging indicators for the early clinical intervention of ATM patients.
Shared Genetic Basis and Causal Relationship Between Television Watching, Breakfast Skipping and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Comprehensive Genetic Analysis
Authors: Chen Dongze , Wu Hanyu , Wang Xinpei , Huang Tao , Jia Jinzhu 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundEpidemiological investigations have established unhealthy lifestyles, such as excessive leisurely sedentary behavior (especially TV/television watching) and breakfast skipping, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the causal relationship is unclear. We aimed to understand how single nucleotide variants contribute to the co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyles and T2D, thereby providing meaningful insights into disease mechanisms.MethodsCombining summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on TV watching (N = 422218), breakfast skipping (N = 193860) and T2D (N = 159208) in European pedigrees, we conducted comprehensive pairwise genetic analysis, including high-definition likelihood (HDL-method), cross-phenotype association studies (CPASSOC), GWAS-eQTL colocalization analysis and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), to understand the genetic overlap between them. We also performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for causal inference using genetic instrumental variables, and two-step MR mediation analysis was used to assess any effects explained by body mass index, lipid traits and glycemic traits.ResultsHDL-method showed that T2D shared a strong genetic correlation with TV watching (rg = 0.26; P = 1.63×10-29) and skipping breakfast (rg = 0.15; P =2.02×10-6). CPASSOC identifies eight independent SNPs shared between T2D and TV watching, including one novel shared locus. TWAS and CPASSOC showed that shared genes were enriched in lung, esophageal, adipose, and thyroid tissues and highlighted potential shared regulatory pathways for lipoprotein metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function, cellular senescence and multi-mediator factors. MR showed TV watching had a causal effect on T2D (βIVW = 0.629, PIVW = 1.80×10-10), but no significant results were observed between breakfast skipping and T2D. Mediation analysis provided evidence that body mass index, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c and high-density lipoprotein are potential factors that mediate the causal relationship between TV and T2D.ConclusionsOur findings provide strong evidence of shared genetics and causation between TV watching and T2D and facilitate our identification of common genetic architectures shared between them.
Leptin Does Not Influence TSH Levels in Obese Short Children
Authors: Adamczewska Katarzyna , Adamczewski Zbigniew , Lewiński Andrzej , Stawerska Renata 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionGrowth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormones are important for children growing. In some obese children a slightly elevated TSH concentration is observed. This may be an adaptive mechanism: stimulation of pro-TRH biosynthesis in the hypothalamus in response to elevated leptin. The increased TSH may also reflect the necessity of maintaining the resting energy expenditure or may be a result of inappropriate, low FT4 concentration. Thus, we evaluated serum TSH and FT4 concentrations in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children (non GH-deficient) and examined the effect of children’s nutritional status and levels of selected adipocytokines on thyroid function, searching for the presence of various forms of subclinical hypothyroidism, which may be the cause of the slow growth rate.MethodsThe study group included 115 children (50 girls and 65 boys) with ISS, aged (mean ± SD) 10.4 ± 3.34 years. In each child, lipids, TSH, FT4, IGF-1, maxGH during the stimulation tests, leptin, adiponectin and resistin concentrations were determined. Based on BMI SDS, 3 subgroups: slim (n=26), obese (n=21) and normal weight (n=68) were distinguished.ResultsThere was no correlation between leptin level and TSH, FT4 levels. The levels of leptin, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in obese short children were significantly higher than in children from other subgroups. In turn, the levels of adiponectin, resistin, TSH and FT4 did not differ between subgroups. In 7% of children, an elevated TSH level was found (but less than 10 mIU/L), with a similar frequency across subgroups. The higher the leptin, the lower maxGH in clonidine stimulation test was recorded.ConclusionsIt seems that in obese children with idiopathic short stature leptin does not increase TSH secretion. This may be related to a disruption of the effect of leptin on TSH production and could indicate wide ranging disturbances of hypothalamic signals, and consequently be the cause of inappropriate GH secretion.
Impact of Baseline and Trajectory of Triglyceride-Glucose Index on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tai Shi , Fu Liyao , Zhang Ningjie , Zhou Ying , Xing Zhenhua , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2022

Background and AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the association of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with the cardiovascular incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods and ResultsSecondary analysis in patients with long-lasting T2DM from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes study was performed. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The association between the baseline and trajectories of the TyG index and MACEs was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. During a median follow-up period of 8.8 years, 1,815 (17.8%) patients developed MACEs. After traditional cardiovascular risk factor adjustments, each 1-standard deviation increase in the TyG index was associated with a 19.00% higher MACE risk, similar to that in the TyG index quartile characterization. Four distinct trajectories of TyG indexes were identified: low (16.17%), moderate (40.01%), high (34.60%), and very high (9.30%). In multivariate analysis, high and very high TyG index trajectories showed a greater risk of future MACE incidence than the low TyG index trajectory. A similar association was observed between the TyG index and the occurrence of coronary heart disease.ConclusionsThe baseline and trajectories of the TyG index were significantly associated with the occurrence of MACEs in patients with T2DM.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000620.
Persistent Lower Limb Deformities Despite Amelioration of Rickets in X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (XLH) - A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mindler Gabriel T. , Stauffer Alexandra , Kranzl Andreas , Penzkofer Stefan , Ganger Rudolf , Radler Christof , Haeusler Gabriele , Raimann Adalbert 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundGait deviations, lower limb pain and joint stiffness represent key symptoms in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH, OMIM 307800), a rare disorder of mineral homeostasis. While the pathomechanism for rickets is well understood, the direct role of PHEX (Phosphate-regulating neutral endopeptidase) deficiency in non-rachitic features including complex deformities, skull and dental affections remains unclear. FGF23-inhibiting antibody treatment can normalize serum phosphate levels and to improve rickets in XLH patients. However, linear growth remains impaired and effects on lower limb deformity and gait are insufficiently studied.AimsTo characterize and evaluate the course of lower limb deformity in a case series of pediatric XLH patients receiving Burosumab therapy.MethodsComparative assessment of planar radiographs, gait analysis, biochemical and clinical features of pediatric patients before and ≥12 months after initiation of FGF23-inhibiting was performed prospectively. Lower limb maltorsion was quantified by torsional MRI and gait analysis. Standardized deformity analysis of lower limb anteroposterior radiographs was conducted.ResultsSeven patients (age 9.0 +/-3.6 years) were eligible for this study. All patients received conventional treatment before onset of antibody treatment. Maltorsion of the femur was observed in 8/14 legs using torsional MRI (mean antetorsion 8.79°). Maltorsion of the tibia was observed in 9/14 legs (mean external torsion 2.8°). Gait analysis confirmed MRI findings with femoral external malrotation prior to and one year after onset of Burosumab therapy. Internal foot progression (intoeing gait) remained pathological in all cases (mean 2.2°). Knee rotation was pathologically internal 10/14 legs. Mean mechanical axis deviation (MAD) of 16.1mm prior to Burosumab changed in average by 3.9mm. Three children underwent guided growth procedures within the observation period. Mild postprocedural rebound of frontal axis deviation was observed under Burosumab treatment in one patient.ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate lower limb deformity parameters quantitatively in children with XLH receiving Burosumab. One year of Burosumab therapy was associated with persistent maltorsion and frontal axis deviation (varus/valgus) despite improved rickets in this small, prospective uncontrolled study.