bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opinion amplification causes extreme polarization in social networks
Authors: Lim Soo Ling , Bentley Peter J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtreme polarization of opinions fuels many of the problems facing our societies today, from issues on human rights to the environment. Social media provides the vehicle for these opinions and enables the spread of ideas faster than ever before. Previous computational models have suggested that significant external events can induce extreme polarization. We introduce the Social Opinion Amplification Model (SOAM) to investigate an alternative hypothesis: thatopinion amplificationcan result in extreme polarization. SOAM models effects such as sensationalism, hype, or “fake news” as people express amplified versions of their actual opinions, motivated by the desire to gain a greater following. We show for the first time that this simple idea results in extreme polarization, especially when the degree of amplification is small. We further show that such extreme polarization can be prevented by two methods: preventing individuals from amplifying more than five times, or through consistent dissemination of balanced opinions to the population. It is natural to try and have the loudest voice in a crowd when we seek attention; this work suggests that instead of shouting to be heard and generating an uproar, it is better for all if we speak with moderation.
Alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on Roselle plants by green synthesized nanoparticles
Authors: Sadat-Hosseini Mohammad , Naeimi Atena , Boroomand Naser , Aalifar Mostafa , Farajpour Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present study, an eco-friendly process was made for the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The process was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These green silver nanoparticles (NPs) were used for mitigating the adverse effects of salinity on seed germination and growth parameters in plants. Accordingly, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, seven concentrations of green silver NPs and nine levels of NaCl:CaCl were apptoed on seeds for germination, and their effects were evaluated. In the second experiment, three concentrations of green silver NPs and NaCl were hypothesized to affect plant growth parameters. Seed germination, plant height, leaf, and root fresh and dry weights, as well as relative water content (RWC), decreased significantly under salt stress. However, green silver NPs intervened by alleviating the adverse effects of stress. Accordingly, green silver NPs were beneficial due to (1) activation of the antioxidant system by enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); (2) increase in the amounts of proline, soluble sugars and carbohydrates for osmoprotection; (3) improvements in flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. Real-time PCR showed that flavonoid and anthocyanin contents increased because of higher expressions in chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3‐hydroxylase (F3H), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) genes. In conclusion, green silver NPs offered an eco-friendly application for further research on agricultural development.
Lambda-vector modeling temporal and channel interactions for text-independent speaker verification
Authors: Wei Guangcun , Min Hang , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Yanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost of the current excellent models in speaker verification are ResNet-based deep models and attention-based models. These models have a general weakness, which is the large number of parameters and high hardware requirements. On the other hand, many deep structures only generate embedding features from the features extracted by the last frame-level layer, which causes shallow features and channel-related features to be ignored. To solve these problems, this paper proposed a shallow speaker verification model based on Lambda-vector, its main structure is composed of three Lambda-SE modules. The module extracts long-distance dependencies between frame-level features and channel-related interaction information to enhance representation of features. Meanwhile, so that adequately mine the information in deep and shallow features, the model introduces multi-layer feature aggregation to fuse the features of different frame-level layers together. It can increase the detailed information in the deep features and improve the model's ability to represent complex information. The experimental results on the public datasets Voxceleb1 and Voxceleb2 show that the model has more stable training speed, fewer model parameters, and better identification performances than baseline models.
Evaluation of provincial carbon-neutral capacities in the Yellow River basin using DPSIR
Authors: Xu Jian , Wang Haiying , Zhao Keyu , Li Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Yellow River basin spans nine provinces and autonomous regions and plays an important role in China's economic and social development and ecological security. However few studies have integrated the concept of carbon neutrality into research to evaluate the carbon-neutral development level. This paper calculates the comprehensive evaluation value of the provincial carbon-neutral capacities comprehensive evaluation index in the Yellow River basin through the driving-force-pressure-state-impact-response (DFPSIR) index system and the global entropy method based on provinces data between 2008 to 2019. The final results indicated that from 2008 to 2019, the carbon-neutral capacities of the provinces in the Yellow River basin were in a state of rapid development and had achieved a grade leap. However, seven provinces had carbon-neutral capacity levels at the Grade III standard in 2019, thereby leaving scope for substantial improvement. Through the above research, we identified the changes in the trend and driving mechanisms of the carbon-neutral capacity of the Yellow River basin and provide a theoretical reference value for a comprehensive realization of carbon neutrality in China in 2060.
The concept of a new two-stage fuse for high power pulse forming
Authors: Nowak Mikołaj 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis manuscript introduces the concept, physical operating principle and studies on a new and unique two stage forming fuse (TSFF) with interstage spark gap commutation and presents its application for forming high power pulses of extreme parameters. The paper classifies TSFF performance and compares it with conventional single-stage forming fuses. The conclusions are supported by analytical and experimental studies in laboratory conditions. The design of the TSFF prototype as well as the applied measurement methods and test stands are also presented. The developed technology of the TSFF enables the achievement of unprecedented parameters of high-power pulses with overvoltages reaching 800 kV and pulse power of tens of GW in a very compact design. The unique properties of the TSFF enable its efficient integration with a wide range of energy sources, even with very limited current rising steepness or limited output voltage, which has not been possible so far with conventional single-stage forming fuses. The proposed system can be easily scaled, while ensuring much greater flexibility of applications.
Analysis of non-small cell lung cancer with miliary lung metastasis in patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations
Authors: Chang Ming-Hung , Chiang Kuo-Hwa , Shieh Jiunn-Min , Cheng Kuo-Chen , Ho Chung-Han 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMiliary lung metastasis is a unique feature of lung metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating hematogenous dissemination. Some studies reported more frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and worse prognosis in these patients. Cases were identified from Chi-Mei medical center cancer registry for the period 2015–2019. Inclusion criteria were NSCLC with contra-lateral lung metastasis harboring EGFR mutation, under tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) prescription. Patients with miliary or non-miliary lung metastasis were enrolled for survival analysis. 182 NSCLC patients were enrolled for assessing time to discontinuation of TKI (TD-TKI), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). 54 patients with miliary lung metastasis had average 13.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.7–15.6] of TD-TKI, 11.4 months (95% CI 9.3–13.6) of PFS, and 21.3 months (95% CI 16.8–25.8) of OS, which were shorter than non-miliary group with marginally statistical significance. In multivariate analysis, miliary lung metastasis had no statistical significance, and other strong prognostic indicators were found including performance status, liver metastasis, EGFR type, and generation of TKI. In NSCLC patients harboring EGRF mutation under TKI prescription, miliary lung metastasis was not a dominant indicator for outcomes evaluation.
Effect of using spirulina algae methyl ester on the performance of a diesel engine with changing compression ratio: an experimental investigation
Authors: Al-Dawody Mohamed F. , Maki Duraid F. , Al-Farhany Khaled , Flayyih Mujtaba A. , Jamshed Wasim , Tag El Din El Sayed M. , Raizah Zehba 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiesel engine characteristics were investigated experimentally while adding different concentrations of third generation biodiesel spirulina algae methyl ester (SAME). Three volumetric blends of SAME are added to standard Iraqi diesel, namely 10% SAME, 20% SAME, and 30% SAME. The properties of the fuels were found according to the American Society for Testing and Materials standards (ASTM). Experimental work was conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine under variable load and compression ratio. Three compression ratios are used, starting from 14.5, 15.5, and 16.5. Based on the results obtained, the presence of SAME along with diesel caused an increase in Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) while decreasing both brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT). Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by 7.14%, 8.57%, and 10.71%, for 10% SAME, 20% SAME, and 30% SAME, respectively, compared to the original neat diesel fuel. The dramatic carbon monoxide (CO) emission reduction was at full load point. The addition of SAME from (10 to 30)% reported a decrease in CO by (6.67–20)%. NOx, as well as CO2 emission, are increased as a result of SAME addition. The compression ratio change from (14.5/1 to 16.5/1) led to increased BTE, NOx, and decreased BSFC and all carbon emissions. The experimental results are validated with other studies' findings, and minor divergence is reported.
Kidney ion handling genes and their interaction in blood pressure control
Authors: An Caiyan , Yang Liuyi , Han Tengfei , Song Huazhong , Li Zichao , Zhang Junjing , Zhang Kejin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypertension affects 30% of adults and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Kidney sodium reabsorption plays a vital role in the initial stage and development of essential hypertension. It has been extensively reported that the variants of kidney ion handling genes are associated to blood pressure, and clinical features of hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these variants alter protein function are rarely summarized. In addition, the variation of one single gene is often limited to induce a significant effect on blood pressure. In the past few decades, the influence by genes × genes (G × G) and/or genotype × environment (G × E) interactions on a given trait, for example, blood pressure, have been widely considered, especially in studies on polygenic genetic traits. In the present review, we discuss the progress in genetics studies on kidney ion handling genes, encoding Na+ channels (Na+-Cl− cotransporter [NCC], Na-K-2Cl cotransporter [NKCC2], epithelial Na+ channels [ENaCs]), K+ channel (renal outer medullary potassium channel [ROMK]), and Cl− channels (Pendrin, chloride voltage-gated channel Kb [CLC-Kb]), respectively, and their upstream kinases, WNKs and SGK1. We seek to clarify how these genes are involved in kidney sodium absorption and influence blood pressure, especially emphasizing the underlying mechanisms by which genetic variants alter protein functions and interaction in blood pressure regulation. The present review aims to enhance our understanding of the important role of kidney ion handling genes/channels in blood pressure control.
Screening for Autism in 2-Year-Old Children: The Application of the Systematic Observation of Red Flags to the Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children
Authors: Rooney Tara , Stern Yael S. , Hampton Lauren H. , Grauzer Jeffrey , Hobson Amanda , Levin Amy , Jones Maranda K. , Kaat Aaron J. , Roberts Megan Y. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
A multimeasure approach was developed to capitalize on the strengths of two screening measures: the Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children (STAT), an observational measure of social communication, and the Systematic Observation of Red Flags (SORF), a checklist including restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) items. This approach offers a novel method of identifying autism in toddlers.

Method:
This was a retrospective study of data collected from a multidisciplinary diagnostic program for 24- to 36-month-olds with developmental delays. Raters with autism expertise but naïve to diagnoses applied the SORF to STAT videos. Psychometrics were derived for the SORF on STAT observations and a multiple-measure approach that used a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator modeling framework to construct a STAT-SORF RRB Hybrid, retaining SORF RRB items based on individual predictive abilities.

Results:
The SORF alone correctly classified 84% of the sample (84% sensitivity and 86% specificity). The STAT-SORF RRB Hybrid model, which retained four SORF RRB items, correctly classified 90% of a validation sample (95% sensitivity and 75% specificity).

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the potential utility of using multiple autism identification tools and regression-based scoring to establish presumptive eligibility and facilitate early access to autism interventions.
A cross‐layer anti‐jamming method in satellite Internet
Authors: Yan Peijie , Chu Feihuang , Jia Luliang , Qi Nan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn view of the diverse jamming environment, the single‐level anti‐jamming method faces some challenges such as poor timeliness, high cost and poor effect. In this paper, routing delay, cost overhead and diversified jamming threats are comprehensively considered. In addition, a cross‐layer anti‐jamming method is proposed in the scenario of busy satellite Internet communication. The proposed cross‐layer anti‐jamming method involves two levels: link‐layer anti‐jamming based on path repair and network‐layer anti‐jamming based on path reconstruction. On the one hand, the channel is selected based on the improved Q‐learning anti‐jamming algorithm to confront common jamming. On the other hand, the route from the source to the destination node is selected based on the cross‐layer anti‐jamming algorithm to confront high‐intensity jamming. Finally, the simulation results show that, compared with other anti‐jamming algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher efficiency, lower cost, and more robust anti‐jamming routing.
Design of linear parameter‐varying controller for morphing aircraft using inexact scheduling parameters
Authors: Cai Guangbin , Yang Qian , Mu Chaoxu , Li Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the design problem of Gain‐Scheduled Output‐Feedback (GSOF) controllers using inexact scheduling parameters for morphing aircraft during the wing transition process is addressed. Both the stability of the closed‐loop system and the L2 gain performance can be guaranteed under the controller based on measured (not actual) scheduling parameters. Firstly, the linear parameter‐varying (LPV) model of morphing aircraft is established by Jacobian linearization and the additive uncertainty is introduced into the scheduling parameters. By employing non‐linear transformations, the problem is formulated as the solution to a set of parameter‐dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMI) with a single‐line search parameter. Finally, the robustness of the flight control system to the wing transition process is verified under the condition of both the uncertainty of aerodynamic parameters and of scheduling parameters.
On the poles of two‐time‐scale systems
Authors: Shao Zhenhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this note, the authors will study how the poles of a linear time‐invariant singularly perturbed system are varied versus singular parameter ε, where the poles of the slow and fast subsystems are assumed to be placed in the prescribed regions. An explicit bound is derived such that the poles of the original full order system remain in these regions. Finally, two examples are illustrated to show the applications of the proposed results.
Magnetically regulated collapse in the B335 protostar?
Authors: Cabedo Victoria , Maury Anaëlle , Girart Josep Miquel , Padovani Marco , Hennebelle Patrick , Houde Martin , Zhang Qizhou 
Published: October 2022

Context. Whether or not magnetic fields play a key role in dynamically shaping the products of the star formation process is still largely debated. For example, in magnetized protostellar formation models, magnetic braking plays a major role in the regulation of the angular momentum transported from large envelope scales to the inner envelope, and is expected to be responsible for the resulting protostellar disk sizes. However, non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic effects that rule the coupling of the magnetic field to the gas also depend heavily on the local physical conditions, such as the ionization fraction of the gas.
Aims. The purpose of this work is to observationally characterize the level of ionization of the gas at small envelope radii and to investigate its relation to the efficiency of the coupling between the star-forming gas and the magnetic field in the Class 0 protostar B335.
Methods. We obtained molecular line emission maps of B335 with ALMA, which we use to measure the deuteration fraction of the gas, RD, its ionization fraction, χe, and the cosmic-ray ionization rate, ζCR, at envelope radii ≲1000 au.
Results. We find large fractions of ionized gas, χe ≃ 1–8 × 10−6. Our observations also reveal an enhanced ionization that increases at small envelope radii, reaching values up to ζCR ≃ 10−14 s−1 at a few hundred astronomical units (au) from the central protostellar object. We show that this extreme ζCR can be attributed to the presence of cosmic rays accelerated close to the protostar.
Conclusions. We report the first resolved map of ζCR at scales ≲1000 au in a solar-type Class 0 protostar, finding remarkably high values. Our observations suggest that local acceleration of cosmic rays, and not the penetration of interstellar Galactic cosmic rays, may be responsible for the gas ionization in the inner envelope, potentially down to disk-forming scales. If confirmed, our findings imply that protostellar disk properties may also be determined by local processes that set the coupling between the gas and the magnetic field, and not only by the amount of angular momentum available at large envelope scales and the magnetic field strength in protostellar cores. We stress that the gas ionization we find in B335 significantly stands out from the typical values routinely used in state-of-the-art models of protostellar formation and evolution. If the local processes of ionization uncovered in B335 are prototypical to low-mass protostars, our results call for a revision of the treatment of ionizing processes in magnetized models for star and disk formation.
A NuSTAR view of SS433
Authors: Fogantini F. A. , García F. , Combi J. A. , Chaty S. , Martí J. , Luque Escamilla P. L. 
Published: October 2022

Context. SS433 is a Galactic microquasar with powerful outflows (double jet, accretion disk and winds) with a well-known orbital, precessional, and nutational period.
Aims. In this work we characterise different outflow parameters throughout the precessional cycle of the system.
Methods. We analysed ten NuSTAR (3–70 keV) observations of ∼30 ks that span ∼1.5 precessional cycles. We extracted averaged spectra and modelled them using a combination of a double thermal jet model (bjet) and pure neutral and relativistic reflection (xillverCp and relxilllpCp) over an accretion disk.
Results. We find an average jet bulk velocity of β = v/c ∼ 0.29 with an opening angle of ≲6 deg. Eastern jet kinetic power ranges from 1 to 1039 erg s−1, with base ‘coronal’ temperatures To ranging from between 14 and 18 keV. Nickel-to-iron abundances remain constant at ∼9 (within 1σ). The western to eastern jet-flux ratio becomes ∼1 on intermediate phases, which is about 35% of the total precessional orbit. The 3–70 keV total unabsorbed luminosity of the jet and disk ranges from 2 to 20 × 1037 erg s−1, with the disk reflection component mainly contributing to the hard 20–30 keV excess and the stationary 6.7 keV ionised Fe line complex.
Conclusions. At low opening angles Θ, we find that the jet expands sideways following an adiabatic expansion of a gas with temperature To. Finally, the central source and lower parts of the jet could be hidden by an optically thick region of τ > 0.1 and size R ∼ NH/ne0 ∼ 1.5 × 109 cm ∼ 1700 rg for MBH = 3 M⊙.
The crater-induced YORP effect
Authors: Zhou Wen-Han , Zhang Yun , Yan Xiaoran , Michel Patrick 
Published: October 2022

Context. The Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect plays an important role in the rotational properties and evolution of asteroids. While the YORP effect induced by the macroscopic shape of the asteroid and by the presence of surface boulders has been well studied, no investigation has been performed yet regarding how craters with given properties influence this effect.
Aims. We introduce and estimate the crater-induced YORP effect (CYORP), which arises from the concave structure of the crater, to investigate the magnitude of the resulting torques as a function of varying properties of the crater and the asteroid by a semi-analytical method.
Methods. By using a simple spherical shape model of the crater and assuming zero thermal inertia, we calculated the total YORP torque due to the crater, which was averaged over the spin and orbital motions of the asteroid, accounting for self-sheltering and self-sheltering effects.
Results. The general form of the CYORP torque can be expressed in terms of the crater radius R0 and the asteroid radius Rast: 〈TCYORP〉 ~ WR02RastΦ/c, where W is an efficiency factor. We find that the typical values of W are about 0.04 and 0.025 for the spin and obliquity component, respectively, which indicates that the CYORP can be comparable to the normal YORP torque when the size of the crater is about one-tenth of the size of the asteroid, or equivalently when the crater/roughness covers one-tenth of the asteroid surface. Although the torque decreases with the crater size R0 as ~R02, the combined contribution of all small craters can become non-negligible due to their large number when the commonly used power-law crater size distribution is considered. The CYORP torque of small concave structures, usually considered as surface roughness, is essential to the accurate calculation of the complete YORP torque. Under the CYORP effect that is produced by collisions, asteroids go through a random walk in spin rate and obliquity, with a YORP reset timescale typically of 0.4 Myr. This has strong implications for the rotational evolution and orbital evolution of asteroids.
Conclusions. Craters and roughness on asteroid surfaces, which correspond to concave structures, can influence the YORP torques and therefore the rotational properties and evolution of asteroids. We suggest that the CYORP effect should be considered in the future investigation of the YORP effect on asteroids.