bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of the in vitro metabolites of batatasin III by liquid chromatography in combination with Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Kong Fanjian , Wang Ting , You Weili 
Published: July 2022

RationaleBatatasin III is a biologically active ingredient extracted from Dendrobium scabrilingue, which has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity. To fully understand its action, the present study was performed to investigate the in vitro metabolism of batatasin III using rat and human liver microsomes and hepatocytes.MethodsBatatasin III (20 μM) was incubated in the presence of NADPH‐supplemented rat and human liver microsomes (0.5 mg protein/mL) and hepatocytes (1 million cells/mL) followed by liquid chromatography in combination with hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometric analysis to detect and identify the generated metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were characterized by comparing the accurate masses, elemental compositions as well as indicative fragment ions with those of the parent.ResultsA total of 15 metabolites were detected and identified, including 4 phase I and 11 phase II metabolites. Batatasin III is subjected to bioactivation to form reactive quinoid intermediates, which subsequently react with glutathione (GSH) via Michael addition. Glucuronidation and GSH conjugation appear to be the primary elimination pathways in rat hepatocytes, while in human hepatocytes, GSH conjugates are formed to a lesser extent. Phase I metabolic pathways include hydroxylation and demethylation.ConclusionsThe present study sheds light on the in vitro metabolic fates of batatasin III, which is indispensable for an understanding of its efficacy and safety.
Random cliques in random graphs and sharp thresholds for F$$ F $$‐factors
Authors: Riordan Oliver 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe show that for each , in a density range extending up to, and slightly beyond, the threshold for a ‐factor, the copies of in the random graph are randomly distributed, in the (one‐sided) sense that the hypergraph that they form contains a copy of a binomial random hypergraph with almost exactly the right density. Thus Jeff Kahn's recent asymptotically sharp bound for the threshold in Shamir's hypergraph matching problem implies a corresponding bound for the threshold for to contain a ‐factor. The case is more difficult, and has been settled by Annika Heckel. We also prove a corresponding result for ‐factors in random ‐uniform hypergraphs, as well as (in some cases weaker) generalizations replacing by certain other (hyper)graphs.
Sustainable development goals and corporate reporting: An empirical investigation of the oil and gas industry
Authors: Arena Marika , Azzone Giovanni , Ratti Sara , Urbano Valeria Maria , Vecchio Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, many companies have started to include references to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in their corporate reporting as a means for demonstrating their contribution to sustainable development. However, connecting company results to the SDGs is not straightforward, since this framework has not been originally designed for corporate reporting, resulting in high heterogeneity among companies and industries. Moving from this consideration, this paper focuses on a sector that is highly sensitive in relation to the SDGs – the oil and gas (O&G) industry – and aims to analyse whether O&G companies mention the SDGs in their corporate reporting and examine what are the characteristics of companies engaging more with such reporting. By conducting an empirical analysis of corporate reporting practices on a sample of 75 companies, the study confirms the relevance of SDG reporting in the O&G industry and shows the influence of company size, geographical area, the level of internationalisation and the economic performance of firms on the usage of the SDG reporting.
Hydrogen‐Induced Conversion of SnS2 into SnS or Sn: A Route to Create SnS2/SnS Heterostructures
Authors: Felton James , Blundo Elena , Kudrynskyi Zakhar , Ling Sanliang , Bradford Jonathan , Pettinari Giorgio , Cooper Timothy , Wadge Matthew , Kovalyuk Zakhar , Polimeni Antonio , Beton Peter , Grant David , Walker Gavin , Patanè Amalia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe family of van der Waals (vdW) materials is large and diverse with applications ranging from electronics and optoelectronics to catalysis and chemical storage. However, despite intensive research, there remains significant knowledge‐gaps pertaining to their properties and interactions. One such gap is the interaction between these materials and hydrogen, a potentially vital future energy vector and ubiquitous processing gas in the semiconductor industry. This work reports on the interaction of hydrogen with the vdW semiconductor SnS2, where molecular hydrogen (H2) and H‐ions induce a controlled chemical conversion into semiconducting‐SnS or to β‐Sn. This hydrogen‐driven reaction is facilitated by the different oxidation states of Sn and is successfully applied to form SnS2/SnS heterostructures with uniform layers, atomically flat interfaces and well‐aligned crystallographic axes. This approach is scalable and offers a route for engineering materials at the nanoscale for semiconductor technologies based on the earth‐abundant elements Sn and S, a promising result for a wide range of potential applications.
MoSBOTs: Magnetically Driven Biotemplated MoS2‐Based Microrobots for Biomedical Applications
Authors: de la Asunción‐Nadal Victor , Franco Carlos , Veciana Andrea , Ning Shen , Terzopoulou Anastasia , Sevim Semih , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Gong De , Cai Jun , Wendel‐Garcia Pedro D. , Jurado‐Sánchez Beatriz , Escarpa Alberto , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Pané Salvador 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2D layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials are a promising platform for biomedical applications, particularly due to its high biocompatibility characteristics, mechanical and electrical properties, and flexible functionalization. Additionally, the bandgap of MoS2 can be engineered to absorb light over a wide range of wavelengths, which can then be transformed into local heat for applications in photothermal tissue ablation and regeneration. However, limitations such as poor stability of aqueous dispersions and low accumulation in affected tissues impair the full realization of MoS2 for biomedical applications. To overcome such challenges, herein, multifunctional MoS2‐based magnetic helical microrobots (MoSBOTs) using cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis are proposed as biotemplate for therapeutic and biorecognition applications. The cytocompatible microrobots combine remote magnetic navigation with MoS2 photothermal activity under near‐infrared irradiation. The resulting photoabsorbent features of the MoSBOTs are exploited for targeted photothermal ablation of cancer cells and on‐the‐fly biorecognition in minimally invasive oncotherapy applications. The proposed multi‐therapeutic MoSBOTs hold considerable potential for a myriad of cancer treatment and diagnostic‐related applications, circumventing current challenges of ablative procedures.
Cost distance models to predict contact between bighorn sheep and domestic sheep
Authors: Anderson Kathleen , Cahn Maya L. , Stephenson Thomas R. , Few Alexandra P. , Hatfield Brian E. , German David W. , Weissman Jonathan , Croft Brian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfectious disease transmission from domestic sheep threatens the persistence of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)populations throughout western North America. Quantifying spatial separation between the 2 species is an essential component in assessing the risk of disease transmission. We present a spatial analysis to evaluate infectious disease risks for endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (O. c. sierrae; hereafter Sierra bighorn sheep). Our approach accounted for spatial separation between the species as well as the configuration of resources that influences Sierra bighorn sheep movement. We assessed the potential for contact by predicting where Sierra bighorn sheep were likely to be located and travel. We combined a resource selection probability function with a cost distance analysis to quantify the risk of grazing domestic sheep in proximity to Sierra bighorn sheep core home range from a habitat perspective. We compared our approach to a standard buffer approach and determined that our cost distance model better quantified how risk varied among grazing parcels. Sierra bighorn sheep selected and traveled within habitat that included escape terrain. Our model, which included a log normal transformation, characterized the high relative cost (i.e., reduced likelihood) to traveling beyond selected habitat and predicted that such movement is less likely. As a result, our habitat‐based risk threshold was 48% smaller in area than the standard buffer area that included landscape that bighorn did not use. Our method establishes a risk threshold that can be used by land managers to optimize public and private grazing regimes and minimize the risk of disease transmission.
Validation and measurement of physiological stress and reproductive hormones in wolf hair and claws
Authors: Roffler Gretchen H. , Karpovich Shawna , Charapata Patrick , Keogh Mandy J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of keratinized tissues (e.g., hair, claws) to investigate physiological effects of environmental and anthropogenic stressors in free‐ranging wildlife populations has increased because these tissues retain steroid hormones during growth and are relatively easy to collect and store in the field. We measured reproductive and stress‐related steroid hormones in wolves (Canis lupus ligoni; n = 31) captured on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA, during 1993–1994 and 2012–2014, representing periods of time when both wolf harvest and densities ranged from high to moderate. We validated enzyme immunoassay kits to measure steroid hormone concentrations in wolf guard hair, undercoat hair, and claw tip samples. Progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol were extracted and measured in the 3 keratinous tissues from wolves of different age class, sex, residency status, and collection periods. Within each tissue type, progesterone and testosterone were positively correlated (guard hair, r = 0.59, P = 0.003; undercoat hair, r = 0.55, P = 0.011; claws, r = 0.62, P ≤ 0.001) and cortisol concentrations were not related to either reproductive hormone. We were able to measure hormone concentrations in archived keratinous tissues collected up to 25 years earlier to assess stress and reproductive activity in historical samples. Our study validates a method for measuring steroid hormones in hair, and for the first time, continuously growing claws in wolves. Measurement of hormone concentrations in keratinous tissues may aid in the assessment of reproductive activity and physiological stress responses in wolf populations over long‐term time periods (i.e., decades) to enhance conservation efforts of an important apex predator.
A menu of climate change adaptation actions for terrestrial wildlife management
Authors: Handler Stephen D. , Ledee Olivia E. , Hoving Christopher L. , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Swanston Christopher W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe real‐world application of climate change adaptation practices in terrestrial wildlife conservation has been slowed by a lack of practical guidance for wildlife managers. Although there is a rapidly growing body of literature on the topic of climate change adaptation and wildlife management, the literature is weighted towards a narrow range of adaptation actions and administrative or policy recommendations that are typically beyond the decision space and influence of wildlife professionals. We developed a menu of tiered adaptation actions for terrestrial wildlife management to translate broad concepts into actionable approaches to help managers respond to climate change risks and meet desired management goals. The menu includes actions related to managing wildlife populations as well as managing wildlife habitat. We designed this resource to be used with the Adaptation Workbook, a structured decision‐support tool for climate adaptation. We describe real‐world examples in which managers have used the Wildlife Adaptation Menu to integrate climate adaptation considerations into wildlife management and conservation projects. Our examples illustrate how a comprehensive and structured menu of adaptation approaches can help managers brainstorm specific actions and more easily and clearly communicate the intent of their climate adaptation efforts.
Neuroimaging analyses from a randomized, controlled study to evaluate plasma exchange with albumin replacement in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: additional results from the AMBAR study
Authors: Cuberas-Borrós Gemma , Roca Isabel , Castell-Conesa Joan , Núñez Laura , Boada Mercè , López Oscar L. , Grifols Carlota , Barceló Miquel , Pareto Deborah , Páez Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This study was designed to detect structural and functional brain changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (PE) with albumin replacement, as part of the recent AMBAR phase 2b/3 clinical trial.

Methods
Mild-to-moderate AD patients were randomized into four arms: three arms receiving PE with albumin (one with low-dose albumin, and two with low/high doses of albumin alternated with IVIG), and a placebo (sham PE) arm. All arms underwent 6 weeks of weekly conventional PE followed by 12 months of monthly low-volume PE. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric analyses and regional and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) were performed.

Results
MRI analyses (n = 198 patients) of selected subcortical structures showed fewer volume changes from baseline to final visit in the high albumin + IVIG treatment group (p < 0.05 in 3 structures vs. 4 to 9 in other groups). The high albumin + IVIG group showed no statistically significant reduction of right hippocampus. SPM 18FDG-PET analyses (n = 213 patients) showed a worsening of metabolic activity in the specific areas affected in AD (posterior cingulate, precuneus, and parieto-temporal regions). The high-albumin + IVIG treatment group showed the greatest metabolic stability over the course of the study, i.e., the smallest percent decline in metabolism (MaskAD), and least progression of defect compared to placebo.

Conclusions
PE with albumin replacement was associated with fewer deleterious changes in subcortical structures and less metabolic decline compared to the typical of the progression of AD. This effect was more marked in the group treated with high albumin + IVIG.

Trial registration
(AMBAR trial registration: EudraCT#: 2011–001,598-25; ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01561053).
Mechanical and hydrodynamic effects of stent expansion in tapered coronary vessels
Authors: Liu Xiangkun , Zhang Wen , Ye Ping , Luo Qiyi , Chang Zhaohua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the primary treatment for patients with coronary heart disease because of its minimally invasive nature and high efficiency. Anatomical studies have shown that most coronary vessels gradually shrink, and the vessels gradually become thinner from the proximal to the distal end. In this paper, the effects of different stent expansion methods on the mechanical and hemodynamic behaviors of coronary vessels and stents were studied. To perform a structural-mechanical analysis of stent implantation, the coronary vessels with branching vessels and the coronary vessels with large bending curvature are selected. The two characteristic structures are implanted in equal diameter expansion mode and conical expansion mode, and the stress and mechanical behaviors of the coronary vessels and stents are analyzed. The results of the structural-mechanical analysis showed that the mechanical behaviors and fatigue performance of the cobalt-chromium alloy stent were good, and the different expansion modes of the stent had little effect on the fatigue performance of the stent. However, the equal diameter expansion mode increased distal coronary artery stress and the risk of vascular injury. The computational fluid dynamics analysis results showed that different stent expansion methods had varied effects on coronary vessel hemodynamics and that the wall shear stress distribution of conical stent expansion is more uniform compared with equal diameter expansion. Additionally, the vortex phenomenon is not apparent, the blood flow velocity is slightly increased, the hydrodynamic environment is more reasonable, and the risk of coronary artery injury is reduced.
Integrated approach for landslide hazard assessment in the High City of Antananarivo, Madagascar (UNESCO tentative site)
Authors: Frodella William , Rosi Ascanio , Spizzichino Daniele , Nocentini Massimiliano , Lombardi Luca , Ciampalini Andrea , Vannocci Pietro , Ramboason Niandry , Margottini Claudio , Tofani Veronica , Casagli Nicola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe High City of Antananarivo is one of the most important cultural heritage sites of Madagascar, on the UNESCO Tentative List since 2016. Built on the hilltop of the Analamanga Hill, a granite ridge overlooking the Ikopa River valley, it is renowned for its baroque-style palaces, such as the Rova royal complex, and neo-Gothic cathedrals dating back to the nineteenth century. During the winter of 2015, the twin cyclones Bansi and Chedza hit the urban area of Antananarivo, triggering floods and shallow landslides, as well as causing thousands of evacuees and many casualties. Between 2018 and 2019 several rockfalls occurred from the rock cliffs of the Analamanga hills, destroying housings and killing over 30 people. Both events showed that landslides can pose a high risk to the safety of the inhabitants, the infrastructure, and the cultural heritage of the High City. To assess the landslide hazard in the Analamanga Hill area, an integrated approach was adopted by means of the following actions: (i) creation of a multitemporal detailed scale landslide map; (ii) geotechnical characterization of the involved materials; (iii) analysis of landslide susceptibility in soils/loose deposits; (iv) runout analysis of debris flows channeling within large creek gullies; (v) landslide kinematic analysis of the rockmass; (vi) simulation of rockfall trajectories; (vii) analysis of rainfall data. The results show that the main factors affecting landslides are slope, lithology, creek-gully erosion, and anthropization, while most of the landslide events are clearly triggered by heavy rainfall. The landslide-prone areas (the phenomena include shallow landslides, rock falls, and debris flows) are located primarily along the cliff bounding the western hill slope, the southeastern sector (where abandoned quarries form large slope cuts), and subordinately in the steep creek catchment just east of the Rova. The thematic maps produced represent fundamental land use management tools to be used in Geo Disaster Risk Reduction (GDRR) by scientists, practitioners and the decision-makers involved in the High City protection and conservation. The study conducted represents an important contribution for improving the knowledge on landslide processes in an area with limited data such as Madagascar, and may be reproduced in cultural heritage sites characterized by similar geomorphological and urban scenarios.
Development of minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models for characterizing cellular kinetics of CAR T cells following local deliveries in mice
Authors: Tsai Chia-Hung , Singh Aman P. , Xia Cindy Q. , Wang Haiqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies and have potentials for solid tumor treatment. To overcome limited CAR T cell infiltration to solid tumors, local delivery of CAR T cells is a practical strategy that has shown promising therapeutic outcome and safety profile in the clinic. It is of great interest to understand the impact of dosing routes on CAR T cell distribution, subsequent proliferation and tumor killing in a quantitative manner to identify key factors that contribute to CAR T efficacy and safety. In this study, we established mouse minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) models combined with pharmacodynamic (PD) components to delineate CAR T cell distribution, proliferation, tumor growth, and tumor cell killing in the cases of pleural and liver tumors. The pleural tumor model reasonably captured published CAR T cellular kinetic and tumor growth profiles in mice. The mPBPK-PD simulation of a liver tumor mouse model showed a substantial increase in initial tumor infiltration and earlier CAR T cell proliferation with local hepatic artery delivery compared to portal vein and intravenous (i.v.) injections whereas portal vein injection showed little difference from i.v. administration, suggesting the importance of having the injection site close to tumor for maximal effect of non-systemic administration. Blood flow rate in the liver tumor was found to be a sensitive parameter for cellular kinetics and efficacy, indicating a potential role of tumor vascularization in the efficacy of CAR T cell therapies.
Prospective CO2 and CO bioconversion into ectoines using novel microbial platforms
Authors: Cantera Sara , Tamarit Daniel , Strong Peter James , Sánchez-Andrea Irene , Ettema Thijs J. G. , Sousa Diana Z. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrobial conversion of CO2 and CO into chemicals is a promising route that can contribute to the cost-effective reduction of anthropogenic green house and waste gas emissions and create a more circular economy. However, the biotechnological valorization of CO2 and CO into chemicals is still restricted by the limited number of model microorganisms implemented, and the small profit margin of the products synthesized. This perspective paper intends to explore the genetic potential for the microbial conversion of CO2 and CO into ectoines, in a tentative to broaden bioconversion platforms and the portfolio of products from C1 gas fermentations. Ectoine and hydroxyectoine can be produced by microorganisms growing at high salinity. They are high-value commodities for the pharmaceutical and medical sectors (1000–1200 €/kg). Currently microbial ectoine production is based on sugar fermentations, but expansion to other more sustainable and cheaper substrates is desirable. In this work, a literature review to identify halophilic microbes able to use CO2 and CO as a carbon source was performed. Subsequently, genomes of this poll of microbes were mined for genes that encode for ectoine and hydroxyectoine synthesis (ectABCD, ask, asd and ask_ect). As a result, we identified a total of 31 species with the genetic potential to synthesize ectoine and 14 to synthesize hydroxyectoine. These microbes represent the basis for the creation of novel microbial-platforms that can promote the development of cost-effective and sustainable valorization chains of CO2 and CO in different industrial scenarios.