bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and phylogeography of Taenia hydatigena metacestodes from goats of India
Authors: Moudgil Aman D. , Nehra Anil K. , Vohra Sukhdeep , Thakur Sidharath Dev , Sharma Dinesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study determined the prevalence and genetic population structure relationships of Cysticercus tenuicollis (Taenia hydatigena metacestode) retrieved from the goats slaughtered in north India. An overall prevalence of 9.62% (59/613) was recorded. Genetic population structure relationships were assessed by targeting partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene sequence. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that all the present study representative isolates (n = 7) formed a major clade and grouped with T. hydatigena isolates retrieved from sheep, goats, pigs and dogs, originating from China, Iran, Nigeria, Ghana and Poland. However, a single isolate from Himachal Pradesh (isolate 3) formed a subgroup within the clade. The neutrality and diversity indices revealed high values of haplotype diversity [Hd = 0.99695 (0.95238–1.0000)] and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.49276), which was indicative of demographic expansion and low gene flow, suggesting that Indian T. hydatigena isolates were not genetically differentiated. Tajima's D (−1.26988) and Fu and Li's D statistics values (−0.74556) were negative, demonstrating deviations from neutrality and both propounded recent population expansion or purifying selection. Results highlighted a low genetic diversity of T. hydatigena metacestodes across the geographical range of north India.
Socioeconomic status and eating disorder prevalence: at the intersections of gender identity, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity
Authors: Burke Natasha L. , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Schaefer Lauren M. , Simone Melissa , O'Flynn Jennifer L. , Rodgers Rachel F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLongstanding biases have fostered the erroneous notion that only those of higher socioeconomic status (SES) experience eating disorders (EDs); however, EDs present across all SES strata. Considering the dearth of ED research among those of lower SES, this study examined (1) the overall association between SES and ED prevalence, and (2) ED prevalence in the context of four relevant social identities (i.e. SES, gender identity, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity) from an intersectional perspective, as unique combinations of multiple social identities may differentially influence risk.MethodsA sample of 120 891 undergraduate/graduate students from the Healthy Minds Study self-reported family SES with a single-item question, gender identity, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, and were screened for ED risk.ResultsParticipants of lower SES had 1.27 (95% CI 1.25–1.30) times greater prevalence of a positive ED screen than those of higher SES. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across the four social identities beyond the association with SES. For example, positive ED screens were particularly common among lower SES, Latinx, sexual minority cisgender men and women, with 52% of bisexual men and 52% of lesbian women of Latinx ethnicity and lower SES screening positive.ConclusionsAlthough positive ED screens were more common among undergraduate/graduate students of lower SES, the particularly high ED risk reported by certain groups of lower SES with multiple minority identities reinforces the importance of investigating multi-layered constructs of identity when identifying groups at disproportionate risk.
Configuration design and experimental verification of a variable constant-force compliant mechanism
Authors: Ding Bingxiao , Li Xuan , Li Yangmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe realizing of variable output constant force has received wide attention. To achieve a force regulation in an economic way, a configuration of the constant force mechanism (CFM) referring to positive and negative stiffness combination method is proposed in this paper. By adjusting preloading displacement applied on positive-stiffness structure of the CFM, the variable constant force output can be realized. The force–displacement expression of the CFM in the non-preloaded condition is deduced by the established analytical models. Furthermore, parametric sensitivity analysis with several architectural parameters are conducted for optimizing physical structures. Finally, the correctness of the proposed principle is verified by experimental studies. The observed experimental results show that the CFM under different preloading displacements can provide required output constant force, which is consistent with proposed hypothesis.
Plant community and native primate as drivers of habitat use by an exotic primate (Saimirispp. Linnaeus, 1758) in an Atlantic Forest fragment
Authors: Araújo Ana Caroline L. , Bezerra Bruna M. , Lima Ingrid M. S. , Oliveira-Silva Liany B. , Campêlo Anielise da C. , Souza-Alves João Pedro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how and why exotic species use their habitats is crucial for defining effective conservation strategies. We aimed to investigate habitat use by an exotic population of squirrel monkeys living in an Atlantic Forest fragment and identify factors associated with their habitat preferences. Over 6 months of scan sampling observations, we collected data on native and exotic plants consumed by the squirrel monkeys, food availability, and interactions between the squirrel monkeys and the native common marmosets. We also georeferenced the estimated centroid point of the study group during each scan. Squirrel monkeys used Secondary Old Forest habitats more often than the other habitats available. The consumption of native and exotic plants and the association with common marmoset appear to have influenced the habitat use of the exotic squirrel monkeys; however, the choice habitat did not demonstrate to be associated with food availability. The exotic squirrel monkeys preferred to use less disturbed habitats to consume a high amount of food (often associated with the common marmoset), potentially optimizing their food intake. Our findings demonstrated the adaptive success of an exotic primate in its non-natural habitat and the key role of the plant community in maintaining this population.
Spatial and taxonomic diversification for conservation investment under uncertainty
Authors: Kang Nawon , Sims Charles , Cho Seong-Hoon 
Published: May 2022

SummaryConservation organizations often need to develop risk-diversification strategies that identify not just what species to protect but also where to protect them. The objective of this research is to identify optimal conservation investment allocations for both target sites and species under conditions of uncertainty. We develop a two-step approach using modern portfolio theory (MPT) to estimate percentages of conservation investment (referred to as ‘portfolio weights’) for counties and taxonomic groups in the central and southern Appalachian region under climate and market uncertainties. The portfolio weights across the counties and taxonomic groups from the two steps entail both spatial and taxonomic diversification strategies. Conservation decisions that allow for selecting sites for risk diversification fit the purpose of the first step. Likewise, conservation investments that benefit the biodiversity of particular taxonomic groups for the selected sites are made based on the relative importance of diversifying risk among species in a given area, fitting the purpose of the second step. The two-step MPT approach as a whole allows the greatest flexibility on where and what to protect for conservation investment under uncertainty, and thus would be applicable for the distribution of general conservation funds without predisposition towards protecting either specific sites or species.
Network analysis of England's single parent household COVID-19 control policy impact: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Edelman N. L. , Simon P. , Cassell J. A. , Kiss I. Z. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lockdowns have been a core infection control measure in many countries during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In England's first lockdown, children of single parent households (SPHs) were permitted to move between parental homes. By the second lockdown, SPH support bubbles between households were also permitted, enabling larger within-household networks. We investigated the combined impact of these approaches on household transmission dynamics, to inform policymaking for control and support mechanisms in a respiratory pandemic context. This network modelling study applied percolation theory to a base model of SPHs constructed using population survey estimates of SPH family size. To explore putative impact, varying estimates were applied regarding extent of bubbling and proportion of different-parentage within SPHs (DSPHs) (in which children do not share both the same parents). Results indicate that the formation of giant components (in which COVID-19 household transmission accelerates) are more contingent on DSPHs than on formation of bubbles between SPHs, and that bubbling with another SPH will accelerate giant component formation where one or both are DSPHs. Public health guidance should include supportive measures that mitigate the increased transmission risk afforded by support bubbling among DSPHs. Future network, mathematical and epidemiological studies should examine both independent and combined impact of policies.
Apocalyptic belief and prophecy: constructing political legitimacy during the Yuan-Ming transition
Authors: Liu Haiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccording to recent research, after the Song dynasty, there was a transformation of the political culture in imperial China according to which Confucian elites and dynastic rulers ceased to construct political legitimacy by interpreting prophecies. By examining the process of how Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, utilized a popular prophecy and how he concealed his utilization of this prophecy after enthronement, this article offers a more nuanced narrative of the transformation. It shows that during the Yuan-Ming transition, rulers sought to employ prophecies to construct their image as sovereigns favoured by Heaven, but, ironically, in official writings rulers tended to hide their utilization of prophecies so as to highlight their virtues which deserved the Mandate of Heaven. This article argues that after the Song, the role of prophecies changed in the political arena—not from important to unimportant, but from officially recognized to officially concealed.
The role of socioemotional wellbeing difficulties and adversity in the L2 acquisition of first-generation refugee children
Authors: Paradis Johanne , Soto-Corominas Adriana , Vitoroulis Irene , Al Janaideh Redab , Chen Xi , Gottardo Alexandra , Jenkins Jennifer , Georgiades Katholiki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFirst-generation refugee children often experience pre- and post-migration adversity and display high levels of mental health/wellbeing difficulties, but to date, research has not examined the impact of such factors on refugee children's L2 acquisition. Accordingly, this study examined the influence of externalizing and internalizing problem behaviours (wellbeing), time in refugee camps and low socioeconomic status (SES) (adversity) on the English-L2 abilities of 117 Syrian refugee children (7–14 years) in their third year of residency in Canada. Wellbeing difficulties and adversity factors accounted for variance on L2 vocabulary, morphosyntax, listening comprehension and narrative production tasks, beyond the variance accounted for by age of L2 acquisition and length of L2 exposure. Specifically, externalizing problem behaviours, time in refugee camp, maternal education and maternal employment predicted variance in L2 abilities. It is concluded that refugee children could have influences on their L2 acquisition that are different from those of bilinguals with other backgrounds.
Dynamic engagement of cognitive control in intra-sentential code-switching during comprehension
Authors: Jiang Siyi , Ma Lvheng , Chen Baoguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated whether the deployment of cognitive control was modulated by the intra-sentential code-switching types during comprehension. L1-dominant Chinese–English bilinguals were administered a self-paced reading task in two reading contexts – namely, alternation context and dense code-switching context. We assessed language switch cost and reversed language dominance effect in the self-paced reading task and examined how these language control measures related to domain-general inhibition and monitoring capacities. The results showed a larger switch cost asymmetry in alternation context compared to dense CS context. In addition, bilinguals’ inhibition skills were associated with second language (L2) switch cost in alternation context, while monitoring tended to predict the language dominance effect in dense code-switching context. These findings suggest that alternation context exerts high requirement to reactive inhibition while dense code-switching context tends to induce proactive monitoring during comprehension. We conclude that intra-sentential code-switching types trigger different aspects of cognitive control during comprehension.
“A Very Crushable, Kissable Girl”: Queer Love and the Invention of the Abnormal Girl Among College Women in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
Authors: Rouse Wendy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractYoung women growing up in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era increasingly found their relationships subject to scrutiny as doctors, parents, teachers, and school administrators began to worry about the so-called abnormal girl. Attempts to suppress the culture of crushes and romantic friendships between young women reflected these larger cultural anxieties about their relationships. But, as notions of normative girlhood began to form, this intense scrutiny of their relationships had a significant impact on their everyday lives. The young women who were navigating this scientific and cultural shift developed a range of innovative strategies from subversively concealing their relationships to boldly pursuing their queer desires.
Pax populi? An analysis of the conflict resolution potential of referendums on self-determination
Authors: Germann Micha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe international community increasingly promotes referendums as it intervenes in self-determination conflicts around the world. However, the ability of self-determination referendums to bring about peace remains uncertain. This paper develops the argument that the conflict resolution potential of self-determination referendums is conditional, depending on whether or not they are held under the mutual agreement of the relevant minority and majority groups. When mutually agreed, self-determination referendums are likely to generate shared perceptions of fair decision-making and thereby increase chances for peace. By contrast, unilateral self-determination referendums are likely to increase ethnic grievances and, therefore, the risk of separatist violence. I find support for this argument in a global statistical analysis, short case studies, and a survey experiment. Overall, this study suggests that self-determination referendums can make a positive contribution to peace, but only if the conditions for a partial compromise on a referendum, including its terms, are ripe.
Proliferation of International Administrative Tribunals
Authors: DE COOKER Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe first international administrative tribunal was set up in 1927. Since the Second World War many worldwide and regional international organizations were set up. They either created their own tribunal or accepted the jurisdiction of another tribunal for the adjudication of employment disputes. Dozens of such tribunals are functioning at present. Recently a number of organizations have withdrawn from the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization (ILOAT), and either set up their own tribunal or accepted the jurisdiction of another tribunal, which amounts to forum shopping. However, the proliferation of tribunals entails the risk of diverging judgments. Some cases have indeed occurred over the years, which have often been followed by calls for the merging of tribunals, or for the creation of a common appellate court. Some studies were made, but no concrete action was ever undertaken. Generally, there has been some convergence; however, it is likely that the current proliferation will remain.
New Data on Court Curbing by State Legislatures
Authors: Leonard Meghan E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe examination of the interaction between the institutions in American state politics has long suffered from a dearth of data. This is the case despite the importance of understanding the separation of powers in the states and the specific effects on policy making and policy outcomes. In this article, I introduce a new, original dataset of court-curbing introductions by state legislators. The data include information on more than 1,200 state legislative bills that would restrict the power of the courts. In this article, I provide descriptive statistics for the data, employ the data to test hypotheses, and explain how this data may be used in future scholarly research on the interactions between state legislators and state courts.
The Effect of Grain Size on Porewater Radiolysis
Authors: DeWitt J. , McMahon S. , Parnell J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe radiolysis of porewaters by uranium, thorium, and potassium in mineral grains is a recognized source of molecular hydrogen in rock‐hosted and sediment‐hosted fluids. This radiolytic hydrogen is of geomicrobiological interest as a potential energy source (electron donor) for microbial metabolism, especially in energy‐limited settings such as the marine deep biosphere or the subsurface of Mars. Previous efforts to predict the production of radiolytic hydrogen from columns of rock and sediment have tended to rely upon analytic models that cannot account for the attenuation of mineral radiation by grains larger than ∼30 µm. To address this, we have developed a Monte Carlo method to simulate the physics of mineral radiation and evaluate the production of H2 as a function of mineral grain size and radioisotope composition. The results confirm that grain size is a major control on radiolytic H2 yield. For example, using the standard geological classification of grain sizes, we find that clay can produce up to an order of magnitude more H2 per unit time than sand. The magnitude of this effect is illustrated using compositional data from real geological units in order to demonstrate the dependence of radiolytic hydrogen flux on natural radionuclide concentration and bulk porosity.
Projected ENSO Teleconnection Changes in CMIP6
Authors: McGregor Shayne , Cassou Christophe , Kosaka Yu , Phillips Adam S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has far reaching impacts through atmospheric teleconnections, which make it a prominent driver of global interannual climate variability. As such, whether and how these teleconnections may change due to projected future climate change remains is a topic of high societal relevance. Here, ENSO Surface Temperature (TAS) and Precipitation (PR) teleconnections between the historical and high‐emission future simulations are compared in more than 31 models from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We find significant future (2081–2100) TAS and PR teleconnection changes over approximately 50% of teleconnected regions in December‐February relative to 1950–2014. The large majority of these significant teleconnection changes suggest that an amplification of the historical teleconnections will occur, however, some regions also display a significant teleconnection dampening. Further to this, in many regions these ENSO teleconnection changes scale with the projected warming level, with higher warming leading to larger teleconnection changes.
The Influence of Localized Dynamics on Dusk‐Dawn Convection in the Earth’s Magnetotail
Authors: Lane J. H. , Grocott A. , Case N. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious work has shown that earthward convective flow bursts in the magnetotail have a dusk‐dawn () component that is controlled by the historical state of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) By component. Here, we analyze 27 years of Cluster, THEMIS and Geotail plasma and magnetic field data and identify 1,639 magnetotail fast flow “detections” that demonstrate a dusk‐dawn asymmetry. We find that ∼70% has a dusk‐dawn direction consistent with that expected from the penetration of IMF By. Superposed epoch analysis suggests that the inconsistency of the remaining ∼30% is not due to a lack of the expected IMF By penetration. Instead, we find that on average, the expected sense of IMF By penetration is associated with flows irrespective of whether those flows agree or disagree with the expected dusk‐dawn asymmetry. IMF By, and the penetrated By do, however, tend to be stronger for “agree” flows. Detections which agree (disagree) tend to be accompanied by a localized perturbation to the By component of the magnetotail magnetic field in the same sign as (opposite to) the prevailing IMF By conditions, which temporarily enhances (overrides) the penetrated field. Agree (disagree) flows also appear to be observed further away from (closer to) the neutral sheet (Bx = 0) and are associated with weaker (stronger) magnetic field dipolarization. Finally, we find that the slower “background” convective flow has an average direction which is consistent with penetration of the expected IMF By, regardless of whether the fast flow itself agrees or disagrees.
Dependence of Nonlinear Effects on Whistler‐Mode Wave Bandwidth and Amplitude: A Perspective From Diffusion Coefficients
Authors: Gan L. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Artemyev A. V. , Albert J. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe electron resonant interaction with whistler‐mode waves is characterized by transport in pitch angle–energy space. We calculate electron diffusion and advection coefficients (a simplified characterization of transport) for a large range of electron pitch angle and energy using test particle simulations. Nonlinear effects are analyzed by comparing the diffusion coefficients using test particle simulations and quasilinear theory, and by evaluating the advection rates. Dependence of nonlinear effects on the wave amplitude and bandwidth of whistler‐mode waves is evaluated by running test particle simulations with a broad range of wave amplitude and bandwidth. The maximum amplitudes where the quasilinear approach is valid are found to increase with increasing bandwidth, from 50 pT for narrowband waves to 300 pT for broadband waves at L‐shell of 6. Moreover, interactions between intense whistler‐mode waves and small pitch angle electrons lead to large positive advection, which limits the applicability of diffusion‐based models. This study demonstrates the parameter range of the applicability of quasilinear theory and diffusion model for different wave amplitudes and frequency bandwidths of whistler‐mode waves, which is critical for evaluating the effects of whistler‐mode waves on energetic electrons in the Earth’s magnetosphere.