bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of transient injection-suction on interfacial dynamics in immiscible Newtonian fluid-fluid radial displacement in Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Ahmadlouydarab Majid , Kangari Mohammad , Asadzadeh Naser 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this experimental study, the instabilities created at the contact surface of two Newtonian immiscible fluids i.e., water and base oil during transient radial injection-suction inside Hele-Shaw cell were investigated. Base oil with viscosities of 150, 920 and 1506 cSt was used for injection and suction purposes. The maximum injection and suction fluid flow rates that were pseudo-sinusoidal and percussive time-dependent were considered to be 10000, 20000 and 30000 µl/min. The amount of fluid injected or sucked in all three methods was considered equal. The results were compared with the results of constant velocity injection. The effects of injection and suction frequency on contact surface instability were also studied. Injection and suction were performed for at least six complete cycles. One of the most important objectives of this study was to investigate the ability to eliminate instabilities and return the contact surface of two fluids to the initial circular state at the end of each cycle. It was observed in the methods of percussive and constant-velocity that it is not possible to return to the initial circle after the first step. It was also observed that the growth rate of instabilities in different cycles of the pseudo-sinusoidal method is slower than the percussive and constant-velocity methods. The lower the viscosity and flow rate of the injected or suction fluid, the less instability occurs. The results showed that with increasing the flow rate, the number of oil packets in the injection-suction of constant-velocity method has increased, but in the reverse percussive method, this is the case. The results showed that in the injection-suction by pseudo-sinusoidal method, which do not cause instabilities such as water droplets, fingers and oil packets, but in two methods of injection-suction at a constant-velocity and percussive method, such instabilities are observed. It can be concluded that considering the conditions of the experiments performed, the pseudo-sinusoidal method is the most suitable method with the ability to return to the initial steady state among the three methods used. Of course, it should be noted that the greater the number of repetitions of cycles, the more instabilities created and the more difficult it is to return to the initial state.
Triple-Negative Primary Myelofibrosis: a Bone Marrow Pathology Group (BMPG) study
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Yahya , Lake Jonathan , Bagg Adam , Thakral Beenu , Wang Sa , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Masarova Lucia , Verstovsek Srdan , Rogers Heesun , Hsi Eric , Gralewski Jonathon , Chabot-Richards Devon , George Tracy , Rets Anton , Hasserjian Robert , Weinberg Olga , Parilla Megan , Arber Daniel A , Padilla Osvaldo , Orazi Attilio , Tam Wayne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm driven by canonical gene mutations in JAK2, CALR or MPL in more than 80% of the cases. PMF cases that lack these canonical alterations are termed triple-negative PMF (TN-PMF). The pathologic and genetic characteristics of TN-PMF compared to conventional PMF with canonical driver mutations (DM-PMF) have not been well studied. We aim to identify clinicopathologic and molecular genetic differences between TN-PMF (n = 56) and DM-PMF (n = 89), all of which fulfilled the 2016 WHO diagnostic criteria for PMF. Compared to the control group, TN-PMF patients were more likely to have thrombocytopenia and less likely to have organomegaly. The bone marrow with TN-PMF showed fewer granulocytic elements and more frequent dyserythropoiesis. Cytogenetic analysis showed a higher incidence of trisomy 8. Targeted NGS revealed a lower frequency of ASXL1 mutations but an enrichment of ASXL1/SRSF2 co-mutations. Our findings demonstrated several clinicopathologic and molecular differences between TN-PMF and DM-PMF. These findings, particularly the observed mutation profile characterized by a higher frequency of ASXL1 and SRSF2 co-mutation, suggest that at least a subset of TN-PMF may be pathogenetically different from DM-PMF, with potential prognostic implications.
Research on Maize Disease Identification Methods in Complex Environments Based on Cascade Networks and Two-stage Transfer Learning
Authors: Liu Hongxin , Lv Haichen , Li Jiajun , Liu Yongshuo , Deng Limiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Achieving accurate and reliable maize disease identification in complex environments is a huge challenge. This is because disease images obtained from natural environments are often in complex contexts that may contain elements similar to disease characteristics or symptoms.RESULTS: Based on cascade network and two-stage transformation learning, the new algorithm is proposed in this paper and applied the improved algorithm to the task of identification and classification of four maize leaf diseases in a complex environment. The proposed algorithm has a cascade structure, which consists of a Faster R-CNN object detector, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) object classifier, named CENet (Complex Environment Network). The Faster R-CNN object detector with an attention mechanism was trained to detect maize leaves from the image, and the CNN object classifier further classified the leaf disease detected in the first stage into four categories: Cercospora leaf spot, Common rust, Northern Leaf Blight, and Healthy, which allowed image features to be extracted more efficiently. The subsequent use of a two-stage transfer learning strategy to train CENet models of disease images in complex contexts allows for faster training of the models while ensuring accuracy. Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved a test accuracy of 99.34% for four kinds of maize leaf diseases, outperformed some prevalent CNN models, such as VGG16, Inception, and ResNet101, and has a more significant improvement in training speed.CONCLUSION: The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can identify and classify different varieties of maize leaf diseases, proving the feasibility of a convolutional neural network in variety identification and classification. The model proposed in this experiment has a positive significance for exploring other Crop variety identification and classification under complex backgrounds.
Burden, risk factors and outcomes associated with adequately treated hypothyroidism in a population-based cohort of pregnant women from North India
Authors: Dhabhai Neeta , Chowdhury Ranadip , Virmani Anju , Chaudhary Ritu , Taneja Sunita , Mittal Pratima , Dewan Rupali , Dang Arjun , Kaur Jasmine , Bhandari Nita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is the commonest endocrine disorder of pregnancy, with known adverse feto-maternal outcomes. There is limited data on population-based prevalence, risk factors and outcomes associated with treatment of hypothyroidism in early pregnancy. We conducted analysis on data from an urban and peri-urban low to mid socioeconomic population-based cohort of pregnant women in North Delhi, India to ascertain the burden, risk factors and impact of treatment, on adverse pregnancy outcomes- low birth weight, prematurity, small for gestational age and stillbirth.MethodsThis is an observational study embedded within the intervention group of the Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study, an individually randomized factorial design trial. Thyroid stimulating hormone was tested in 2317 women in early (9-13 weeks) pregnancy, and thyroxin replacement started in those found hypothyroid (TSH ≥2.5mIU/mL). Univariable and multivariable generalized linear model with binomial family and log link were performed to ascertain risk factors associated with hypothyroidism and association between hypothyroidism and adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsOf 2317 women, 29.2% (95% CI: 27.4 to 31.1) had hypothyroidism and were started on thyroxin replacement with close monitoring. Overweight or obesity was associated with increased risk (adjusted RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.51), while higher hemoglobin concentration was protective (adjusted RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.98 for each g/dL) for hypothyroidism. Women with hypothyroidism, received appropriate treatment did not have an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsAlmost a third of women from low to mid socio-economic population had hypothyroidism in early pregnancy, more so if anemic and overweight or obese. With early screening and adequate replacement, adverse pregnancy outcomes may be avoided. These findings highlight the need in early pregnancy for universal TSH screening and adequate treatment of hypothyroidism; as well as for attempts to reduce pre and peri-conception overweight, obesity and anemia. Clinical Trial registration: Clinical trial registration of Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study Clinical Trial Registry – India, #CTRI/2017/06/008908; Registered on: 23/06/2017, (http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19339&EncHid=&userName=society%20for%20applied%20studies)
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging features in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection
Authors: Chen Donghe , Chen Yunbo , Yang Shuye , Li Tiancheng , Liu Kanfeng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Tingting , Wang Guolin , Zhao Kui , Su Xinhui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is a growing public health concern. Due to atypical clinical symptoms and poorly defined radiological findings, NTM is often misdiagnosed, resulting in treatment delay. The aim of the present study was to analyze the findings of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan imaging in patients with NTM infection in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of NTM disease.Methods: A total of 23 patients with confirmed NTM infection who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan imaging were retrospectively analyzed. The data on clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics were reviewed. The 18F-FDG PET/CT images were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVMax (the most FDG-avid lesion in the whole body), SURLiver and SURBlood (SUVMax ratio of lesion-to-liver and lesion-to-blood pool). The optimal cut-off of 8F-FDG was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results: Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG-avid lesions, including SURLiver, SURBlood, and SUVMax among the three groups with different immunological states (p = 0.007, 0.012, and 0.010, respectively). The cut-off point of 3.8 for SURLiver showed the best equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity (52.9% and 83.3%). In terms of the NTM lesion distribution, there were significant differences in SURLiver, SURBlood, and SUVMax between the localized and disseminated groups (p = 0.003, 0.009, and 0.005, respectively). The cut-off point of 3.3 for the SUVBlood had high specificity (87.5%) and sensitivity (71.4%). Furthermore, in terms of NTM lesion severity, SUVmax of lung lesions (SUVI-lung), SUVmax of marrow (SUVMarrow), and platelet count significantly differed between severe and non-severe groups (p = 0.036, 0.006, and 0.007, respectively). When the cut-off values of SUVMarrow and SUVI-lung were set at 3.1 and 4.6, the sensitivity was 76.9% and 76.9%, respectively, while the specificity was 88.9% and, 55.9%, respectively.Conclusion: In patients with NTM infection, 18F-FDG PET/CT is a unique and powerful tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity, immunological state, and extent of lesion involvement and it can help determine the appropriate treatment for NTM infection.
Transcriptomic alterations underlying metaplasia into specific metaplastic components in metaplastic breast carcinoma
Authors: Lien Huang-Chun , Hsu Chia-Lang , Lu Yen-Shen , Chen Tom Wei-Wu , Chen I-Chun , Li Yu-Chia , Huang Chiun-Sheng , Cheng Ann-Lii , Lin Ching-Hung 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) typically consists of carcinoma of no special type (NST) with various metaplastic components. The intracase transcriptomic alterations between metaplastic components and paired NST components, which are critical for understanding the pathogenesis underlying the metaplastic processes, remain unclear. Herein, 59 NST components and paired metaplastic components (spindle sarcomatous [SPS], matrix-producing, rhabdoid [RHA], and squamous carcinomatous [SQC] components) were microdissected from specimens obtained from 27 patients with MpBC for gene expression profiling. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed a heterogeneous gene expression profile (GEP) corresponding to the NST components, but the GEP of metaplastic components exhibited subtype dependence. Compared with the paired NST components, the SPS components demonstrated the upregulation of genes related to stem cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and displayed enrichment in claudin-low and macrophage signatures. Despite certain overlap in the enriched functions and signatures between the RHA and SPS components, the specific differentially expressed genes differed. We observed the RHA-specific upregulation of genes associated with vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. The chondroid matrix-producing components demonstrated the upregulation of hypoxia-related genes and the downregulation of the immune-related MHC2 signature and the TIGIT gene. In the SQC components, TGF-β and genes associated with cell adhesion were upregulated. The differentially expressed genes among metaplastic components in the 22 MpBC cases with one or predominantly one metaplastic component clustered paired NST samples into clusters with correlation with their associated metaplastic types. These genes could be used to separate the 31 metaplastic components according to respective metaplastic types with an accuracy of 74.2%, suggesting that intrinsic signatures of NST may determine paired metaplastic type. The EMT activity and stem cell traits in the NST components were correlated with specimens displaying lymph node metastasis. In summary, we presented the distinct transcriptomic alterations underlying metaplasia into specific metaplastic components in MpBCs.
The Predictive Role of Serum Gastrin-17 for Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Carcinoma Patients Receiving Radiotherapy
Authors: Wu Congye , Liu Yehong , Shi Feiyue , Chen Fei , Zhao Yongcai , Zhao Huanyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive role of serum gastrin-17 (G-17) for oral mucositis in head and neck carcinoma (HNC) patients receiving radiotherapy.
Methods
Serum G-17 were detected in patients before and after radiotherapy. Patients were divided into high G-17 group (baseline serum G-17 ≥ 5pmol/L) and low G-17 group (baseline serum G-17 < 5pmol/L). The severity of oral mucositis was analyzed between the two group. Other complications such as dysphagia, salivary gland, mandible, thyroid function, larynx, pain, and weight loss were also investigated.
Results
Forty-two patients were analyzed in this study. The median level of serum G-17 had a significant decrease after radiotherapy (7.29 ± 5.70 pmol/L versus 4.93 ± 4.46 pmol/L, P = 0.038). In low serum G-17 group, the incidences of grade 0, 1–2 and 3–4 of oral mucositis were 0%, 30.4%, and 69.6%, respectively. In high serum G-17 group, the incidences of grade 0, 1–2 and 3–4 of oral mucositis were 0%, 63.2%, and 36.8%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum G-17 was negatively correlated with oral mucositis (r=-0.595, P < 0.01). Weight loss of low G-17 group was more serious than that of high G-17 group.
Conclusions
Baseline serum G-17 is a potential predictor for the severity of oral mucositis in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy.
Evaluation of excess free volume and excess internal pressure of binary liquid mixtures of cyclic ether with 1-alkanols at 303.15K
Authors: Sharma Dhirendra Kumar , NA NA , Seema Seema agarwal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been measured experimentally at 303.15 K in the six binary liquid mixtures of 1,4-dioxane (cyclic ether) with 1-methanol, 1-ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol and free volume as well as internal pressure were calculated for the six binary liquid mixtures of 1,4-dioxane with 1-alkanols at 303.15 K over the entire range of composition. Excess values of free volume and internal pressure have been calculated for these systems. The results were discussed in the light of existing theories of molecular interactions involved and chemical composition of the liquid components.
Changes in Near-Surface Temperature in Ghana, West Africa and the links with Climatic Factors
Authors: Oduro Collins , Bi Shuoben , Ayugi Brian , Iyakaremye Vedaste , Babaousmail Hassen , Asare-Nuamah Peter , Sarfo Isaac , Hagan Daniel Fiifi Tawia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Near-surface air temperature (NST) plays a critical role in the weather and climate systems. Understanding its variability and the associated influencing factors is extremely important due to its dynamic variations in space and time at global, continental, regional, and local scales. In this study, we first investigate the long-term changes of NST from 1981 to 2020 in Ghana by examining their Spatio-temporal characteristics using Climatic Research Unit (CRU) and Climate Prediction Centre (CPC) datasets. The two datasets showed increasing trends in the annual mean NST from 1981 to 2020, with the strongest warming ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 oC found over the last two decades. The Pruned exact linear-time algorithm is used to assess where the mean temperature experienced a significant change. The potential causes and implications of this shift are investigated by assessing changes in other climatic factors before and after the breakpoint of NST warming. The increases were characterized by abrupt NST changes in the linear trends when we compared warming in the current period (1998–2020) with the recent past (1981–1997), suggesting a clear shift in climate conditions. The mechanisms influencing the shifts in NST changes showed a strong relationship with land surface temperature (r = 0.81 and 0.82 for annual and the seasons) and the 500 hPa geopotential height (r = 0.67 0.74, and 0.72) for the annual, February to March (FMAM) and June to September (JJAS) seasons respectively. Suggesting recent changes in the atmosphere and land may be connected to NST variation in Ghana.
Genome-wide computational assay of the Mg transporter (MGT) gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Mohamadi Seyede Fateme , Jelodar Nadali Babaeian , Bagheri Nadali , Gharakhili Ghorban Ali Nematzade , Hashemi-Petroudi Seyyed Hamidreza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One of the critical biometals in the cells, possessing important functions in multiple biochemical pathways, is Magnesium (Mg). The proper Mg homeostasis is regulated by the Mg transporters (MGTs) in the cells. Despite the identification of these genes in various plant species, such as rice, there is no systematic and computational assay of all the existed MGT genes in the rice genome. Here, we identified 23 non-redundant MGTs across the genome of Oryza sativa that were further analyzed according to the protein characteristics, duplication and synteny, protein structures, expression, and co-expression networks. Based on the conserved motifs, the distinguished OsMGTs were classified into three main clades, including MRS, NIPA, and CorA. The α/β patterns in the protein structures were highly similar in the NIPA and MRS members, with the conserved structures in the Mg2+-binding and catalytic regions. The CorA clade-related proteins demonstrated the highest numbers of protein channels with Pro, Ser, Lys, Gly, and Tyr, as the critical binding residues. The expression analysis of OsMGT genes in various tissues showed that the MRS and NIPA groups MGTs may possess the critical functions during the rice development. Also, most of the up-regulated OsMGTs under stimuli exposure were from these clades of Mg transporters. Furthermore, 45 co-expressed genes were predicted for OsMGTs that were clustered into the three main groups involved in protein ubiquitination, amino acids/fatty acid degradations, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Our in silico results can be informative for further evolutionary and functional genomics of the MGT genes in rice and other relatives.
Gastrointestinal Bezoars in Pediatrics: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Elghazeery Mohamed Ahmed , Hassan Alhassan Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose:To present data, management and outcome of cases with trichobezoars in our institute for whom surgery was done. Methods: We documented a retrospective review of trichobezoars done in our hospital between 2016 and 2022. All demographic data collected included gender and age of cases, composition and extent of bezoar, clinical presentation, imaging modalities, endoscopic trial, surgical approach and outcome. Results: Five cases of gastrointestinal trichobezoars underwent surgery. All cases were females between (13 & 16 years). Trichobezoars were three gasric, one ileal and one of combined gastric and colonic. Complaints were abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, and halitosis. Three cases had a palpable abdominal mass. Different Radiological modalities were performed. Endoscopic retrieval was tried in one patient and the laparoscopic approach in another one, but the first route failed. Laparotomy followed by gastrotomy, enterotomy and colotomy were done without complications. Conclusions: Trichobezoars should be suspected in any child with unexplained abdominal complaints, or with a palpable abdominal mass, especially in girls. Imaging can be done in different modalities for diagnosis. Endoscopic retrieval could be tried; however its failure is common, necessitating laparotomy, which has an excellent outcome.
Effectiveness of developing a self-management mobile app on the quality of life of women with breast cancer: a study in a developing country
Authors: Jebraeily Mohamad , Eghtedar Samereh , Ayatollahi Haleh , Mohammadzadeh Zahra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Self-management involves taking responsibility for your own health and taking the initiative to do so. This can be accomplished by learning information and skills that will help you deal with the difficulties you may encounter during and after your cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a self-management mobile app for women with breast cancer and evaluate of in Iran impact it on the quality of life of patients.
Method
This study is a methodological study in 2021. We developed the app during three phases. The QLACS questionnaire and Excel software were used to collect and analyze the data. A total of 24 breast cancer patients were included in the study.
Result
Among the most significant changes were in the Quality of Life level, highest respectively: social avoidance (pre: 6.41 – post: 3.56), negative feelings (pre: 5.93 - post: 3.40), sexual function (pre: 6.80 - post: 5.04), sexual interest (pre: 6.41 - post: 4.75) and pain (pre: 6.37 - post: 4.97). And least the changes respectively: distress-family (pre: 7 - post: 7), distress-recurrence (pre: 4.49 - post: 4.38), benefits (pre: 2.47 - post: 3.12), appearance (pre: 4.10 - post: 3.32).
Conclusion
Breast cancer patients' quality of life can be improved by providing more targeted content through more accessible tools such as mobile apps.