bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia hospitalizations - a big data approach
Authors: Gonçalves-Pinho M. , Ribeiro J.P. , Freitas A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia is characterized by long hospitalizations and a recurrent use of chronic and acute psychiatric care.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze schizophrenia related hospitalizations in Portugal.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted using a nationwide hospitalization database containing all hospitalizations registered in Portuguese public hospitals from 2008 to 2015.Hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia were selected and schizophrenia subtypes were grouped using the International Classification of Diseases version 9, Clinical Modification(ICD-9-CM) codes of diagnosis 295.xx.ResultsThere was a total of 25,385 hospitalizations in public hospitals of Portugal between 2008 and 2015 with a primary diagnosis of Schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. A total of 14,279 patients were hospitalized during the study period with an average of 1,78 hospitalizations episodes per patient in the 8-year interval(0.22 hospitalizations/patient/year). 68.0% of the hospitalizations occurred in male patients and the median length of stay was 18.0 days. Mean hospitalization charges were 3,509.7€ per hospitalization, summed to a total charge of 89.1M€. Throughout the study period there was a significant linear decrease in the number of hospitalizations (r = 0.940; B= -47.488; p = 0.001). The last year of the study(2015) had the lowest number of hospitalizations with a total of 2,958 (vs. 3,314 in 2008). When adjusted for the yearly population, there was also a decrease of the number of hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants from 31.39 to 28.56 hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants between 2008 and 2015, respectively.ConclusionsWe found differences in hospitalization characteristics by gender, age and primary diagnosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Antepartum depressive and anxious symptoms: Association with physiological parameters of the newborn
Authors: Pereira D. , Pereira A.T. , Azevedo J. , Xavier S. , Soares M.J. , Madeira N. , Macedo A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe Perinatal period is a time of vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders of higher prevalence in the female gender - depression and anxiety1. Numerous authors have proposed that maternal psychological factors could influence pregnancy course and the well-being of mother and newborn2.ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between perinatal psychological disorder and physiological parameters evaluated at birth, such as the Apgar Index (AI; 1, 5 and 10 minutes), head circumference, weight, length and age.Methods533 women answered, in the second trimester of pregnancy (16.98±4.83 weeks of gestation), several questions about psychosocial variables, the Perinatal Depression Screening Scale3 and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale4. Of these, 208 (39.0%) women were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Psychological Distress5. Newborn physiological parameters were obtained from electronic health records.ResultsAI was significantly (p<.01) and moderately (r≈.25) correlated with maternal anxious symptomatology, and with the experience of a stressful event in the last year (only AI 1 minute). Newborns of women with clinically relevant anxious symptomatology (>cutoff point, 14.6%) had significantly lower AI (p<.05), which was also observed in newborns of women who considered having had a stressful event (only AI 1 minute). Women’s newborns with maternal anxiety disorders during pregnancy (5.3%), had significantly lower values in AI, head circumference, weight and age of birth. Regression analyses showed that anxiety in pregnancy (symptoms and/or diagnoses) is a predictor of newborn physiological parameters, explaining significant percentages(r≈22%; p<.05) of its variability.ConclusionsEarly detection of psychological disorders in pregnancy, namely anxiety, is determinant to prevent adverse neonatal outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Factors associated with anxiety among health care workers practicing in emergency department in south of tunisia
Authors: Tfifha M. , Abbes W. , Sellami I. , Falah W. El , Hajjaji M. , Ghanmi L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHealth care workers in emergency department and intensive care are usually exposed to stressful situations, which require an early intervention.Objectives
To assess the prevalence of anxiety among health care workers in emergency department and to determine its associated factors.Methods
It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study including health care workers assigned to emergency ward and intensive care unit of Hedi Chaker and Habib Bourguiba hospitals in Sfax and the regional hospital of Kebili. Data was collected by an anonymous and confidential self- administered questionnaire. We used hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) to assess anxiety and depression.Results
The participation rate was 48.8% (n=240). The mean age was 37 years, 59.2% were female and 62% were married. Mean work experience was 11 years. 79.2% assured night shifts (average= 1.5 night shifts per week) and 71.7% benefited of compensatory rest. Our study revealed that 32.5 % of health care workers were suffering from anxiety. In univariate study, anxiety was significantly correlated with the female gender (p=0.004), the lack of practice of leisure activities (p=0.004), with absence of compensatory rest (p=0.001), with sleep disturbances (p=0.001) and with depression (p<10-3). Multivariate study pointed that anxiety was associated with lack of practice of leisure activities (OR=2.7[1.09-6.99]; p=0.006), absence of compensatory rest (OR=2.7[1.3-5.5]; p=0.004), depression (OR=3[1.5-6]; p= 0.001) and with sleep disturbances (OR=2.8[1.4-5.7]; p=0.004).ConclusionsAnxiety affected one in three emergency caregivers. Stress management programs for emergency caregivers can be of great help in dealing with this problem.
Responding to the mental health needs of trafficked women
Authors: Oram S. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundStudies suggest a high prevalence of depression and PTSD among survivors of human trafficking in contact with shelter services. However, evidence for interventions to support the recovery of survivors of trafficking is lacking. The broader literature on PTSD and depression indicates that ongoing social stressors can exacerbate and perpetuate symptoms. Advocacy-based, or “casework”, interventions, which address current stressors and social support, may represent a promising avenue of enquiry. Objectives (1) Describe risk and protective factors for mental distress among trafficked people; (2) Present a preliminary theory of change describing how advocacy-based interventions may contribute to an improvement in mental health and wellbeing among survivors of human trafficking.Methods(1) Survey of adult male and female survivors of trafficking in contact with shelter services in England; symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were measured using the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PCL-C. (2) Theory of change workshop and review of intervention studies that assessed the effectiveness of casework, client support, or advocacy interventions delivered in health or community settings to survivors of trafficking or vulnerable migrants.Results150 survivors of trafficking participated in the survey, 98 women and 52 men. In multivariate analyses, psychological distress was associated with higher number of unmet needs and lacking a confidante, suggesting that practical and social support is important in facilitating mental health recovery. The theory of change identifies common components in advocacy interventions delivered to survivors of trafficking, and proposes pathways by which these components contribute to improved mental health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
School bullying int Tunisia: Psychological profile of harassers
Authors: Azouz Z. , Brahim T. , Salem N. Ben , Ayoub R. , Brigui N. , Turkia I. Ben , Guedria A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSchool Bullying is an educational and a health care issue that was kept hided for a long time. Despite, growing interest about this issue, it’s still a topic that is not well known and well analysed in Tunisia.Objectives- Evaluate the prevalence of school bullying among Middle school students - Establish the psychological profile of harassersMethodsIt’s a cross sectional study including 600 students of 2 middle schools of the region of Sousse -Tunisia during the month of March 2020. “The adolescent peer relations instrument” was used to identify school bullying and its type. The “Child Behaviour Checklist” questionnaire was used to identify emotional and behavioural problems among children. Self esteem levels were evaluated by the “Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale”.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 13 years and 9 months ±1 year and 4 months. 95.1 % of the participants have experienced school harassment, but also 92% of them harassed their peers. Boys were more frequently bullies than girls (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in self esteem levels between bullies and non-bullies adolescents. Among the 8 syndroms explored by the Child behaviour checklist, adolescents experiencing one of the 7 folllowing items (Anxious syndrome, Depressive syndrome, Aggressive behaviour, Attention problems, Social problem, Thoughts problems and Withdrawal problems) had significantly higher risk of being a bully (p values between 0.001 and 0.02).ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the high prevalence of school bullying among adolescents in Tunisia. Most of the psychological problems explored in this study seem to be higher among bullies.
Validity of kinematics measures to assess handwriting development and disorders with a graphomotor task
Authors: Lopez C. , Cannafarina A. , Vaivre-Douret L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHandwriting disorder is considered to be one of the major public health problems among school-aged children worldwide. All the scales in the literature use handwriting tasks but it could be interesting to investigate a more accurate assessment of handwriting difficulties before the development and acquisition of handwriting as such.ObjectivesThe objective of our study is to examine the validity of a prescriptural task consisting of copying a line of cycloid loops in the diagnosis of handwriting disorders.Methods
35 children with handwriting disabilities and 331 typically developing right-handed children in primary school, aged 6-11 years old, were included in the study. They performed a copy of a line of cycloid loops, in an ecological setting, with a paper sheet put on the table. The kinematic measures were recorded with a digital pen. A Receiver Operating Characteristic method (ROC curve) was used to determine whether the loops line copy may be a sensitive test to diagnose handwriting disorders.Results
Six kinematic variables recorded during the prescriptural task were found to be relevant markers of handwriting disorders with a sensibility between 0.743 and 0.880: strokes number, total and effective drawing time, in-air pauses times, loops number, number of peaks velocity.ConclusionsThe graphomotor task of copying a line of cycloid loops showed a good sensitivity to diagnose handwriting disorders and appeared to be a good predictor test, more particularly with the variables reflecting the strokes temporal organization.Drawing loops is a rapid graphomotor task, useful for exploring prerequisites of handwriting in screening for handwriting disorders.
The particularities of microangiopathic and macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients correlated with the presence or absence of type D personality
Authors: Kalinovic R. , Tinca B. , Neda-Stepan O. , Dinescu M. , Giurgi-Oncu C. , Enatescu I. , Enatescu V.R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAccording to our national data based on PREDATORR study, the point prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Romania was 11.6 % in adults between 20 and 79 years old. Unequivocally, type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly correlated with psychological and personality factors.ObjectivesThe objective of our research was to evaluate the frequency of type D personality in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and its influence on angiopathic complications.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 173 patients with type 2 diabetes who were self-assessed by using Beck Depression Inventory I, STAI-Y scale and DS 14 scale for detection of type D personality.ResultsBoth depression (p = 0.012) and state and trait anxiety (p = 0.019 and 0.023 respectively) scores were significantly higher in diabetic patients with type D personality compared with non-type D diabetic patients. Lower limb complications were more frequent in non-type D personality diabetics (p = 0.018) while diabetic retinopathy and diabetic polyneuropathy (p = 0.004 and p = 0.010 respectively).ConclusionsThe presence of type D personality has a supplementary negative impact on type 2 diabetic patients’ affectivity and emotions. On the one hand, the more frequent microangiopathic complications in type D personality diabetic patients confirm that diabetes, at least in part, is an endovascular disease. On the other hand, some factors such as pro-inflammatory biomarkers may be more expressed in type 2 diabetic patients with concomitantly type D personality than those without this type of personality, leading to premature microangiopathic complications.
Portuguese version of the fear of COVID-19 scale – psychometric study
Authors: Cabaços C. , Pereira A.T. , Paredes P. , Almeida S. , Araujo A. , Sousa R. , Macedo A. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
More than in other conditions, fear is associated with infectious diseases, and is directly associated with its transmission rate, morbidity and mortality. High levels of fear can affect the individual’s ability to think clearly, react proportionately and make rational decisions in the context of COVID-19. Recently, Mertens et al. (2020) developed the Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to measure this construct.ObjectivesTo analyse the psychometric properties of the FCV-19S Portuguese version, namely construct validity, internal consistency and convergent validity.Methods
A community sample of 234 adults (75.6% women; mean age= 29.53±12.51; range:16-71) completed an on-line survey with the Portuguese versions of the FCV-19S, the Covid-19 Perceived Risk Scale (CPRS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21).The total sample was randomly divided in two sub-samples: sample A (n=117) was used to perform an exploratory factor analysis/EFA; sample B (n=117) to make a confirmatory factor analysis/CFA.Results
EFA resulted in one component. CFA revealed that the unifactorial model presented acceptable fit indexes (X2/df=3.291; CFI=.977; GFI=.932; TLI=.919; p[RMSEA≤.01]=.091). Cronbach alpha was α=.855. The total score significantly correlated with Covid-19 Perceived Risk (r=.529, p<.01) and with anxiety from DASS-21 (r=.132, p<.05).ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of FCV-19S, which will be used in an ongoing research project on the relationship between fear of Covid-19, personality, cognitive processes and adherence to public health measures to contain the pandemic.
Prevalence of depression among college students living alone in pandemic 2020
Authors: Kantohe T. , Kurnijuanto G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe prevalence of depression differs between groups, such as race, gender, and age group. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is one of the leading causes of death in the age group of 15-29 years-old. During the COVID-19 pandemic, some countries, including Indonesia, ordered a nationwide physical distancing and limited public activities. Indonesia also restricts the public mobilities, leaving the college students, studying in different regions, isolated and confined to their flats, boarding houses, and apartments.ObjectivesTo find out the prevalence of Depression in College Students, living alone, in Pandemic 2020.Methods
College students aged 18 to 28 years old, were assessed using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II), through Google Form, and shared using social media. We also grouped the participants to age, gender, religion, and types of housing, and did the multivariate analysis using median comparison and multinomial logistic regression.Results
A total of 84 college students, who are living alone during the Pandemic 2020, participated in this study. We found that 33.3% of the population suffered from depression. The median score for the group of females, prefer not to say their religion, and living in the owned house have a higher median. While multinomial logistic regression study does not have any significant odd risks in the variables.ConclusionsThe results indicate that in time of nationwide physical distancing and limited public activities due to COVID-19 Pandemic, the prevalence of depression among college students living alone in Pandemic 2020 is 33%. One-fourth of them are with severe depression.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health - what do we know so far?
Authors: Marguilho M. , Nobre A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe devastating effects of the current pandemic are profoundly affecting peoples’s physical and psychological health. Numerous studies on the effects of previous infectious outbreaks have been published. Similarly, an increasingly growing body of research on COVID-19 has been developed and released, reporting a substancial psychological impact of both the outbreak and the response, suggesting that the population may express high levels of psychological symptoms.ObjectivesThis presentation aims to synthesize existent literature that reports on the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of the general population, groups with higher vulnerability and its associated risk factors.MethodsBibliographic research was made through scientific databases such as PubMed and EMBASE. No time limit was used. Pertinent articles were carefully reviewed for additional relevant citations.ResultsGenerally, there is a higher prevalence of symptoms of adverse psychiatric outcomes among the public when compared to the prevalence before the pandemic. Psychological reactions to pandemics include maladaptive behaviours, emotional distress and symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and avoidance behaviors. The groups known to be at higher risk for mental health problems during the pandemic are: women, healthcare workers, people under 40 years old and with chronic diseases. Other risk factors are: frequent exposure to social media/news relating to COVID-19, poor economic status, lower education level, and unemployment.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented threat to mental health. In addition to flattening the curve of viral transmission, special attention needs to be paid to the challenges it poses to the mental health of the population at a global scale.
Migration history, first episode psychosis and child abuse: Results from the EU-GEI study
Authors: Tarricone I. , Lal J. , D’Andrea G. , Muratori R. , Morgan C. , Berardi D. , Murray R. , Forti M. Di 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChild abuse is associated with a wide range of mental disease including psychotic disorders. Few studies have investigated the role of child abuse in contributing to increase the risk of psychosis in migrant population.ObjectivesTo explore the risk of first episode psychosis (FEP) in migrants and natives for each type of trauma i.e. physical abuse (P.A.), sexual abuse (S.A.), emotional abuse (E.A.), physical neglect (P.N.) and emotional neglect (E.N.).MethodsWithin a large case- control incidence sample of FEP from the EU-GEI study (The EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene–Environment Interactions) we evalued the assocition of childhood trauma with FEP in migrants and natives. Associations were adjusted for age, gender, social status, level of education, family history of psychosis and cannabis use. Trauma was assessed through Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).ResultsCTQ mean score was higher in FEP migrants (45.4, sd 15.6) than in FEP natives (41.7, sd 13.9) (p = 0.002). In natives every type of child abuse was associated with FEP. In migrants P.A., S.A., P.N. were associated with FEP. We found a dose – dependent relationship between trauma and FEP.ConclusionsChild abuse is common in individuals with psychosis. FEP migrants are more exposed to childhood trauma. Clinicians should routinely assess patients for childhood trauma. When treating a FEP migrant patient, clinicians must be aware of an underlying traumatic childhood adversity more than of a traumatic migration history.
Third generation cognitive-behavioral therapies for major depressive disorder- a literature review
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Vasiliu D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) represent a heterogeneous group of psychotherapies in continuous development that share a directive, structured, collaborative approach. Due to a high degree of treatment-resistant cases of major depressive disorder (MDD), new augmentation therapies are urgently needed, in order to increase the chance of recovery in these patients.ObjectivesTo analyze data that may support the indication of third wave CBT in patients with MDD.MethodsA literature search was performed in the main electronic databases, and papers published between January 2000 and August 2020 were included.ResultsAcceptance and commitment therapy has been associated with positive results, but data are derived from low quality trials (n=2). Dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT)-based skill group have been also associated with favorable outcome, in MDD patients (n=2). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was also proven effective in the treatment in MDD (n=4), treatment-resistant MDD included, but the difference between MBCT and active comparators was not always significant. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) has been evaluated in good quality clinical trials (n=4), and its efficacy was confirmed. Mild and moderate MDD patients may benefit from compassion-focused therapy (CFT) (n=1). Behavioral activation (BA) is dedicated to MDD patients and according to a meta-analysis (n=26 randomized controlled trials) BA is superior to other active comparators, although the quality of clinical trials was modest.ConclusionsThird generation CBT could be useful in MDD patients as augmentative strategy, but more good-quality data are necessary before recommending them in an evidence-based treatment guideline as a distinctive intervention from classical CBT.