bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative importance of ecophenotypic plasticity and sexual dimorphism in determining shell shape in the Amazonian freshwater mussel Castalia ambigua (Unionida: Hyriidae) along a hydrological gradient
Authors: Simeone Diego , Tagliaro Claudia Helena , Lima Jeovana Oliveira , Beasley Colin Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Shell shape variation of the freshwater mussel Castalia ambigua in relation to environmental and genetic drivers remains unresolved in South America. Along an increasing upstream to downstream hydrological gradient in the Caeté River, eastern Amazon, Brazil, we evaluated two co-occurring morphotypes of C. ambigua: the first is elongated and compressed; the second is rounded and inflated. We performed multivariate shape analysis on the lateral view of the right valve and the umbonal view, to identify potential ecophenotypic trends. We also investigated whether the degree of shell inflation was associated with sexual dimorphism. Castalia ambigua shell shape differed along the hydrological gradient and between morphotypes. However, in high hydraulic energy habitats the two morphotypes tend to converge. Inflated shells of C. ambigua corresponded to female specimens, implying that shell shape variation in low hydraulic energy habitats was associated with sexual dimorphism. We found strong evidence of ecophenotypic plasticity and variation in sexual dimorphism in the freshwater mussel C. ambigua, associated with a hydrological gradient. Ecophenotypic plasticity appears to override sex-linked shell shape determination in high energy habitats. Differences in shell shape and the identification of ecomorphotypes are important for management efforts, such as protecting the specific habitats associated with both morphotypes.
Bile Leakage after Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Does it Impact the Short- and Long-Term Outcomes?
Authors: Shehta Ahmed , Farouk Ahmed , Elghawalby Ahmed , Said Rami , Nakeeb Ayman El , Aboelenin Ahmed , Elshobary Mohamed , Fouad Amgad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose:Bile leakage (BL) is one of the commonest morbidities after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and different predictive factors for BL after hepatic resection for HCC, and to evaluate of the impact of BL on the long-term survival outcomes.Methods:We reviewed the patients’ data who underwent hepatic resection for HCC during the period between June 2010 and June 2019.Results:293 patients were included in the study. BL occurred in 17 patients (5.8%). More Child-Pugh class B patients were found in BL group. There were no significant differences between the two groups except for tumor site, macroscopic portal vein invasion, extent of liver resection, Pringle maneuver use, intraoperative blood loss, and transfusions. Longer hospital stay, higher grades of posthepatectomy liver failure, and abdominal collections were noted in BL group.After median follow-up duration of 17 months (4-110 months), there were no significant differences between BL and Non-BL group regarding overall survival (Log Rank, p = 0.746) and disease-free survival (Log Rank, p = 0.348).In multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh class, macroscopic portal vein invasion, liver resection extent (minor/major), and Pringle’s maneuver use were the only significant predictors of BL.Conclusion:BL did not significantly impair the long-term outcomes after hepatic resection for HCC. Child-Pugh class, macroscopic portal vein invasion, liver resection extent (minor/major), and Pringle’s maneuver use were the main risk factors of BL in the current study.
Metformin mitigates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage primarily by increasing SIRT1 and inhibiting inflammation factors
Authors: Zhang Zhong-hua , He Wei-zhen , Zhou Xiao-ming , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Clinically, early brain injury (EBI) which refers to the acute injuries to the whole brain in phase of the first 72 h following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is intensely investigated to improve neurological and psychological function. It had been revealed that metformin (Met) possesses extensive functions, all can be showed in anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and anti-tumor activities. Here, to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Met, patients with SAH undergoing embolization of intracranial aneurysm in the Neurosurgery Department of the Jinling Hospital, were reviewed for a clinical retrospective analysis from January 2013 to November 2019. Meanwhile, we examined the effects of Met on the inflammatory factors and apoptosis after SAH and the explanation mechanisms of action in vivo. Met administration 2days before SAH ameliorated cerebral inflammation, brain edema, and neuronal death and improved neurologic function. Collectively, these results indicate that Met reduces the inflammatory response and alleviates early brain injury after SAH, primarily by increasing SIRT1 levels and inhibiting inflammation factors.
Risk Factors for Loss of Follow-Up after Asynchronous Dermatology eConsult Concerning for Skin Cancer
Authors: Himed Sonia , Levine Edward , Trinidad John , Kaffenberger Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Asynchronous electronic consultations (e-consults) can be a useful tool for the screening of cutaneous lesions, but may offer a malpractice risk. We characterized factors affecting initial eConsult office follow-up in a cohort of patients with documented neoplasm of uncertain behavior. Patients with an ICD 10 code of neoplasm with uncertain behavior (D48.5) at The Ohio State University that received an E-consult order from May 2017 to May 2021 were queried. Information collected included patient demographics, status of follow-up in-office appointment, referral status, and health care utilization. In-office follow-up appointments were defined as completed, cancelled/no-show or no-contact. 667 patients with a diagnosis of D48.5 were identified as having completed an eConsult. 427 (64%) patients had a documents phone/electronic message notifying the patient of the results of the eConsult. Year of encounter (0.88 [0.79–0.97]) and number of previously completed ambulatory visits (0.86 [0.77–0.96]) were significantly associated with documentation of phone/electronic message in the univariate and multivariate model. 429 (84%) patients had a dermatology office follow-up encounter while 82 (16%) had no appointment scheduled. Language spoken, referral status and race were significant in the univariate model, though race was the only significant variable in the multivariate model (p<0.003).Asynchronous electronic consults to assess possible cutaneous neoplasms is an important tool for population screening of skin cancer. Dermatologists and health systems implementing an eConsult model for screening purposes should be aware of risk factors for loss of follow-up. Additional systems need to be implemented to ensure minorities and non-native English speakers are obtaining adequate dermatologic care.
Comparison of Trajectories of Depressive Symptom Dimensions through Index Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yang Jae-Won , Kim Yang Tae , Lee Hojun , Jung Sung-Won 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundsStudies to date detailing trajectories of depressive symptom dimensions in patients undergoing index electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been small in number; many studies have focused on the total score of the rating scale. This Study aimed to investigate the trajectories of depressive symptom dimensions and the time point when the difference in improvement of depressive symptom dimensions between the remitters and non-remitters appeared.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 80 patients with major depressive disorder who underwent index ECT. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 was used, and each item was clustered into four dimensions (depression, anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms). Dimensions were standardized to a T-score and assessed at five time points (pre-ECT, and after the third, sixth, ninth, and twelfth ECT session). The data were analyzed using the generalized estimating equations method.ResultsIn the total sample, the T-scores of all dimensions continued to reduce significantly until the sixth session. The reduction of the depression dimension T-score was prolonged until the ninth session. Significant differences in the amount of improvement between remitters and non-remitters appeared after the sixth session. The depression dimension showed a greater reduction in T-score than the other dimensions throughout the entire index ECT course.ConclusionsThe depression dimension improved more than other dimensions in patients undergoing ECT. It may be beneficial to administer at least six treatments to avoid early termination of ECT and relapse. Managing other depressive symptoms, such as insomnia, could play a significant role in improving therapeutic effect. Further studies examining depression symptoms using more accurate scales and specifying the neuronal circuits associated with each dimension are necessary.
Lung Involvement in Children with Newly Diagnosed Rheumatic Diseases: Characteristics and Associations
Authors: huang hua , Hu Yabin , Wu Yufen , Ding Fei , Xu Xuemei , Jin Yingying , Jin Yanliang , Bao Yixiao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary complications of rheumatic diseases may cause functional impairment and increase mortality. However, reports regarding detection of lung involvement in children with treatment-naive, newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases are scarce. Herein, we aimed to describe the characteristics of such patients and explore the association between lung involvement and rheumatic disease.Methods: From January 2019 to June 2021, 48 pediatric patients with treatment-naive, newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases at our department were included with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings, and 51 age-matched healthy controls were examined based on PFTs. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the clinical characters and laboratory parameters associated with lung involvement in these patients.Results: Asymptomatic patients had a faster respiratory rate and a higher ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity than the controls (P <0.05). More patients than controls were observed to have a decreased DLCO below the lower limit of normal (18 of 45 [40.0%] vs 6 of 36, respectively; P=0.041). Among the 48 patients, 8 (16.7%) had abnormal HRCT findings and 27 (56.3%) had abnormal PFT results. Thirty-one (64.6%) patients had lung involvement. Logistic regression revealed that increases in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and CD4/CD8 ratio were associated with lung involvement (odds ratio (OR): 1.037; 95% CI: 1.003–1.072; OR: 9.875; 95% CI: 1.296–75.243, respectively).Conclusions: Pediatric patients with treatment-naive, newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases are prone to pulmonary involvement. Increased ESR and CD4/CD8 are associated with lung involvement in patients. We recommend routine pulmonary evaluation in such patients, especially in high-risk patients, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms, once they are diagnosed with rheumatic disease.
NCOA4 is associated with cancer stem cell markers and acts as a prognostic biomarker for immune infiltration- related lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Luo Lianxiang , Li Manshan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is a cancer with a high mortality rate and a low survival rate. Ferroptosis can play an important role in anti-tumor immunity and tumor suppression. NCOA4, as a selective cargo receptor for ferritin autophagy turnover, is very important for Ferroptosis. However, NCOA4 used as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma remains unclean. Therefore, we use ONCOMINE, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, UALCAN, GEPIA, TNMplot, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier plotter, OncoLnc, GeneMANIA, STRING, LinkedOmics database to determine the relationship between NCOA4 expression, prognosis and immunoprecipitation in lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we used OCLR to calculate mRNA expression-based stemness index of LUAD patient’s data in TCGA and analyzed the correlation between NCOA4 and markers of lung cancer stem cells. We obtained the low expression of NCOA4 in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, low expression of NCOA4 is positively correlated with poor overall lifetime. Studies based on the TIMER database show that NCOA4 has significant positive correlations with a variety of tumor immune cells, in particular CD8 + T cells, macrophages cells, neutrophil cells, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, we used the LinkedOmics database to evaluate gene co-expression of NCOA4 in LUAD and to investigate their role in tumor immunity and ferroptosis. And we found that NCOA4 is closely related to surface markers of lung cancer stem cells. Therefore, NCOA4 may be a biomarker for predicting the survival and diagnosis of LUAD.
Identification of significant molecules and biological processes in fluoxetine treated lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhao Guofang , Chang Tingxiang , Wang Mengshan , Chung Andrew , Zhang Donghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fluoxetine has shown anti-cancer responses in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro. However, the anticancer effect and mechanism of fluoxetine still need to be elucidated. In this study, we aim to figure out the significant molecules and biological processes by analyzing the RNA-seq data from the GEO database. The GSE200209 was created by the Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Homo sapiens). By analyzing the KEGG and GO enrichments, we found that the Lysosome and Autophagy are the major signaling pathways in the fluoxetine treated lung cancer cells. We further identified the top ten interactive molecules including CDK1, CCNB1, MAD2L1, AURKB, MCM3, MCM, CDC45, CDC20, RFC4, and CCNB2. This study may guide the treatment of lung cancer by using fluoxetine.
Vegans, vegetarians and omnivore diets differ in nutrient hedonics, flavouring and salt and sweet taste.
Authors: micah  , Shaul Smadar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PurposeDietary content can influence taste responses. Therefore, we compared nutrient hedonics (liking foodsby nutrient content), and seasoning, including taste responses to the prime flavours salt and sweet in vegans (16 men 14 women), vegetarians (38, 24) and omnivores (55, 38).MethodsQuestionnaires and taste tests examined macronutrient and electrolyte intake and hedonics, seasoning, salt and sweet preferences and psychophysical taste responses.ResultsCompared to omnivores, vegans had lower protein, Ca++, Na+ intake, and increased CHO intake. Independently of intake, hedonics for protein Ca++ and Na+ were reduced and increased for CHO. Psychophysical responses to NaCl and sucrose also differed slightly, vegans and vegetarians scoring high concentrations of sucrose as more intense, Vegans reported more sweetening and less salting of food, added more sucrose to a test tea, less salt to a test soup, but did not differ in seasoning with oil or hot spice.ConclusionHabitual vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets may alter taste responses to nutrient content and salt and sweet, the latter more pronounced in vegan and vegetarian women. Recognising diet-dependent changes in taste hedonics can inform diets and products.
Water Blooms—A potential threat to male reproduction: Clues from fishes and rodents
Authors: Liu Shengdi , Li Hua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are a potential threat to global aquatic ecosystems and human health. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most toxic variant of microcystins (MCs), and exposure to MCs can damage the male reproductive system. Two electronic databases were searched for controlled studies of rodents and fishes published before September 2020. Effect sizes were calculated for eight main reproductive parameters, including sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, serum testosterone, testis weight, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), serum luteinising hormone (LH) and serum estradiol. Nine meta-analyses of individual parameters were conducted using R version 4.0.2. Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the studies of rodents, exposure to MC-LR by intraperitoneal injection or intragastric administration yielded statistically significant effects on sperm count (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -1.7426 (95% CI: -2.2098 to -1.2754)), abnormal sperm rate (SMD = 1.6714 (95% CI: 0.9702 to 2.3726)), sper5% CI: -3.9811 to -1.7834)), testis weight (SMD = -2.8822 (95% CI: -3.9811 to -1.7834)) and serum FSH (SMD = 0.4707 (95% CI: 0.0659 to 0.8756) changes in serum testosterone (SMD = 0.5521 (95% CI: 0.1652; 0.9391)) and estradiol (SMD = 0.6398 (95% CI: 0.1896 to 1.0900)) concentrations are considered to be statistically significant. Dose–response analysis reflected the dynamic changes of male reproductive function caused by MC.Short-term exposure to MC-LR can affect the function of the male reproductive system in rodents and fish. Elevated dosage or extended exposure time may worsen the damage. Human-related research on MC-LR exposure is very necessary to protect health and the water environment.
Mesenchymal stem cells protect against sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by inducing Gal-9/Tim-3 to remodel immune homeostasis
Authors: Luo Congjuan , Luo Feng , Che Lin , Zhao Long , Zhang Hui , Man Xiaofei , Bu Quandong , Zhou Haiyan , Xu Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific mechanism by which MSCs protect against SA-AKI. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture operation to induce sepsis and then received either normal IgG or MSCs (1* 10 6 cells intravenously) plus Gal-9 or soluble-Tim-3 3h after surgery. Results: After cecal ligation and puncture operation, injection with Gal-9 or MSCs plus Gal-9 had a higher survival rate than the IgG treatment group. Treatment with MSCs plus Gal-9 decreased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels and improved recovery of tubular function. Reduce the levels of IL-17, RORγt and induce the expression of IL-10 and FOXP3. Additionly, remodel the balance of TH17/Treg. However, when used soluble Tim-3 to block the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway, the septic mice developed badly kidney injury and exhibited a higher mortality. Treatment with MSCs plus soluble Tim-3 blunted the therapeutic effect of MSCs, and inhibited the induction of Tregs and suppressed the inhibition of the differentiation to Th17 cells. Conclusion: Treatment with MSCs significantly reversed the TH1/TH2 balance. And the important mechanism for MSCs protection against SA-AKI maybe through the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway.
The influence of shunting left/right portal vein branch on post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy: a study protocol for multicenter randomized single-blinded controlled trial.
Authors: Ma Jingqin , Luo Jianjun , Zhang Wen , Yan Zhiping , Zhou Yongjie , Zhang Zihan , Yang Minjie , Zhuang Zhiquan , Ma Li , Yu Jiaze , Zhou Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Gastroesophageal varices (GOV) bleeding is a common and serious complication of advanced liver cirrhosis with median survival of less than two years. Multiple guidelines have pointed out that transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the rescue treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage (AVB) after failure of standard therapy, and an effective second line treatment for preventing patients with high risks from rebleeding of GOV. The safety and stability of TIPS have been greatly improved due to the improvements of related technologies and the emergence of various novel devices, but the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after shunting (10-50%) hindered the widespread use of TIPS. The target portal vein branch might affect the incidence of HE after TIPS. The aim of this study is to compare the rate of HE in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related cirrhosis receiving TIPS either left or right branch of portal vein with 8mm Viatorr stent for preventing rebleeding from GOV.Methods and analysis: This study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing the influence of shunting left or right portal vein branch on post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy for preventing rebleeding from GOV in patients with HBV related cirrhosis. A total of 130 patients will be recruited over a period of 24 months across 5 centers in China. Eligible patients will be stratified 1:1 to constructing either left or right portal vein shunt with 8mm Viatorr stent. The primary objective was to compare the incidence of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy between the two groups. The secondary objectives were to compare the grade and duration of hepatic encephalopathy, the rate of shunt dysfunction, the rate of variceal rebleeding, the HE free survival, the cumulative patency rate of stent and the overall survival at 12 months and 24 months between two groups.Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Zhongshan hospital of Fudan University (No. B2018-292R) and was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03825848). All participants give written informed consent. Trial registration: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on January 31, 2019. The registration number is NCT03825848.Trial status: The first patient was recruited into our study on June 19, 2019. A total of 55 patients were recruited till May 27, 2021 (27 and 28 patients assigned to shunting left (L Group) and right (R Group) branch of portal vein, respectively).
Tuberculosis: Current Progress in Drug Targets, Potential Drugs and
Therapeutic Impact
Authors: Masand Mukesh , Kumar Sharma Pramod , M. Balaramnavar Vishal , Mathpal Deepti 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers tuberculosis to be the most dangerous chronic communicable disease in the world, infecting two billion people or one-third of the world’s population. Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide into the 21st century. Tuberculosis is second only to AIDS among other infectious diseases in causing deaths worldwide. The emergence of AIDS, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), the decline of socioeconomic standards, and a reduced emphasis on tuberculosis control programmers contribute to the disease’s resurgence in industrialized countries.