bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithiothermic Reduced TiO2 for Efficient Adsorption of Li‐ion
Authors: Li Hualun , Chen Tian , Wang Wei , Gao Guandao , Lu Zhenda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsidering the growing lithium demand and the potential shortage of lithium resource, developing an effective material to recover lithium from salt‐lake brines or used batteries is highly needed. Here, we report a reduced TiO2 nanomaterial (LiTiO2) with numerous lithium vacancies by lithiothermic reaction, which exhibited high adsorption capacity of 26 mg/g from lithium‐ion solution.
Study of lump soliton structures in quantum electron‐positron‐ion magnetoplasma
Authors: Ghosh Uday Narayan , Nasipuri Snehalata , Chatterjee Prasanta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoliton theory is a very efficient and competent way to describe nonlinear features. Using Hirota bilinear method, we have obtained a lump soliton solution of the Kadomstev‐Petviashvili equation which is the reduced canonical form of the collisionless quantum electron‐positron‐ion magnetoplasma system. Due to its wide range of applications, the study of lump soliton structures is very much attractive and important. The amplitude of lump solitons is varied for different system parameters. During the analysis of the features of the lump solitons, it is found that the quantum diffraction parameter (He), statistical temperature ratio (σ), positrons number density (μp), magnetic intensity parameter (Ω) have a considerable impact on the lump solitons structures. Compressive as well as rarefactive lump soliton has been found during the investigation.
Combined water quality forecasting system based on multiobjective optimization and improved data decomposition integration strategy
Authors: Dong Yuqi , Wang Jianzhou , Niu Xinsong , Zeng Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater quality forecasting has great practical significance for sustainable utilization of water resources and timely pollution prevention and control. However, owing to irregularity and volatility of water quality data, achieving accurate forecasts remains a challenging problem. Existing single forecasting models based on points forecasts fail to capture the uncertainty in water quality data or obtain high forecasting accuracy. To address those disadvantages, an uncertain combined water quality forecasting system based on time‐varying filtering empirical mode decomposition strategy and multiobjective immune selection optimization is proposed. Simulations are carried out with actual water quality data obtained during dry and wet periods. Empirical results show that the improved empirical mode decomposition strategy has better data denoising effect. Based on the multiobjective optimization algorithm, not only the Pareto optimal weights of the combined forecasting modules can be obtained but also the distribution function parameters can be effectively optimized. The proposed system can integrate the respective advantages of deep learning and neural network models to improve the forecasting accuracy, and effectively analyze the uncertainty of water quality, and provide technical support for the sustainable development of regional water environment.
Fault diagnosis method for proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on EIS measurement optimization
Authors: Xiao Fei , Chen Tao , Peng Yulin , Zhang Rufeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPoor durability and reliability are key barriers to the application of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The timely detection and isolation of faults can improve the performance and durability of PEMFCs. This paper proposes a PEMFC fault diagnostic method based on rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. To shorten the EIS measurement time, the characteristic frequency bands were separated by a fuzzy inference method to remove interference frequency bands and low‐frequency invalid frequency bands. Then, they were optimized for the corresponding characteristic frequency band points. The parameters of the improved equivalent circuit model were identified according to the electrochemical impedance spectrum, and four of the model parameters were selected as characteristic variables for fault diagnosis. Based on this, a multifault diagnosis algorithm with an improved K‐nearest neighbor classifier applied to PEMFC was proposed. The experimental results showed that the proposed fault diagnostic method accurately and quickly distinguished four health states, that is, flooding, membrane drying, air starvation, and normal state.
Association between depression, gender and Alzheimer's neuropathology in older adults without dementia
Authors: Kim Doyoung , Kiss Alex , Bronskill Susan E. , Lanctôt Krista L. , Herrmann Nathan , Gallagher Damien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies regarding the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's neuropathology in older adults without dementia have reported conflicting findings. This study examined whether depression is associated with Alzheimer's neuropathology and whether sex moderates these relationships.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of older adults without dementia (normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment, age 50+; CDR ≤ 0.5) who had autopsy within 1 year of their last clinic visit in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database (2005–2020). Logistic regression models were fitted to determine if a recent or remote history of depression was associated with amyloid spread beyond the neocortex measured by modified Thal phase score, density of amyloid plaques measured by CERAD score or tau neuropathology measured by modified Braak score. A moderator analysis was performed to determine if any of these associations were moderated by sex.ResultsThis study included 407 participants (96 Thal, 405 Braak, and 406 CERAD). Those who had recently active depression (within previous 2 years) but not remote depression only were more likely to have higher Thal phase score compared to those without a history of depression (OR = 3.74; 95% CI, 1.15–12.17; p = 0.028). Sex did not moderate this association. No significant associations between recent depression and Braak or CERAD scores were observed.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the association between late life depression and Alzheimer's neuropathology is associated with spread of amyloid pathology beyond the neocortex to include allocortical and subcortical regions critical for regulation of mood and motivated behavior.
Long‐term musical training induces white matter plasticity in emotion and language networks
Authors: Cheng Li‐Kai , Chiu Yu‐Hsien , Lin Ying‐Chia , Li Wei‐Chi , Hong Tzu‐Yi , Yang Ching‐Ju , Shih Chung‐Heng , Yeh Tzu‐Chen , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac , Yu Hsin‐Yen , Hsieh Jen‐Chuen , Chen Li‐Fen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have reported that long‐term musical training can affect brain functionality and induce structural alterations in the brain. Singing is a form of vocal musical expression with an unparalleled capacity for communicating emotion; however, there has been relatively little research on neuroplasticity at the network level in vocalists (i.e., noninstrumental musicians). Our objective in this study was to elucidate changes in the neural network architecture following long‐term training in the musical arts. We employed a framework based on graph theory to depict the connectivity and efficiency of structural networks in the brain, based on diffusion‐weighted images obtained from 35 vocalists, 27 pianists, and 33 nonmusicians. Our results revealed that musical training (both voice and piano) could enhance connectivity among emotion‐related regions of the brain, such as the amygdala. We also discovered that voice training reshaped the architecture of experience‐dependent networks, such as those involved in vocal motor control, sensory feedback, and language processing. It appears that vocal‐related changes in areas such as the insula, paracentral lobule, supramarginal gyrus, and putamen are associated with functional segregation, multisensory integration, and enhanced network interconnectivity. These results suggest that long‐term musical training can strengthen or prune white matter connectivity networks in an experience‐dependent manner.
Functional brain networks underlying the interaction between central and peripheral processes involved in Chinese handwriting in children and adults
Authors: Li Junjun , Liu Ying , Wang Yi , Wang Nizhuan , Ji Yuzhu , Wei Tongqi , Bi Hong‐Yan , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe neural mechanisms that support handwriting, an important mode of human communication, are thought to be controlled by a central process (responsible for spelling) and a peripheral process (responsible for motor output). However, the relationship between central and peripheral processes has been debated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study examined the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship in Chinese handwriting in 36 children (mean age = 10.40 years) and 56 adults (mean age = 22.36 years) by manipulating character frequency (a central variable). Brain network analysis showed that character frequency reconfigured functional brain networks known to underlie motor processes, including the somatomotor and cerebellar network, in both children and adults, indicating that central processing cascades into peripheral processing. Furthermore, the network analysis characterized the interaction profiles between motor networks and linguistic‐cognitive networks, fully mapping the neural architecture that supports the interaction of central and peripheral processes involved in handwriting. Taken together, these results reveal the neural interface underlying the interaction between central and peripheral processes involved in handwriting in a logographic writing system, advancing our understanding of the neural basis of handwriting.
Influence of ejaculatory abstinence period on semen quality of 5165 normozoospermic and oligozoospermic Nigerian men: A retrospective study
Authors: Akhigbe Roland E. , Hamed Moses A. , Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSeveral studies have shown that the length of ejaculatory abstinence alters sperm quality. However, the available data are conflicting and none seems to exist in a Nigerian population. The present study aims to compare the semen quality in normozoospermic and oligozoospermic semen samples of a homogenous Nigerian population, following varying ejaculatory abstinence days (EAD); less than 2, 2–3, and 3–7 days.MethodsThe present retrospective study included 5165 semen samples collected over 5 years, from April 2015 to April 2020.ResultsIn normozoospermic samples, sperm count and total sperm count were significantly higher in prolonged EAD. In oligozoospermic patients, semen volume significantly increased with prolonged EAD, while sperm count, total sperm count, and progressive motility were significantly reduced with prolonged EAD. In addition, EAD and sperm volume positively correlated in oligozoospermic patients.ConclusionOur findings indicate that EAD affects sperm quality in both normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men with varying impacts. Prolonged EAD increased sperm count and total sperm count in normozoospermic patients, while EAD increased semen volume but reduced sperm count, total sperm count, and progressive motility in oligozoospermic patients.
Motivational climates, work passion, and behavioral consequences
Authors: Zhang Qinyun , Wang Xiao‐Hua (Frank) , Nerstad Christina G. L. , Ren Hantao , Gao Ruoyu 
Published: August 2022

SummaryDrawing on achievement goal theory and the dualistic model of passion, this study identifies (1) mastery versus performance climate as the contextual antecedent for harmonious versus obsessive passion, respectively, and (2) proactive versus pro‐job unethical behavior as the outcome of harmonious versus obsessive passion, respectively. Results from two studies—a survey study with 259 leader–subordinate dyads and an experimental study with 174 part‐time master's‐level students—largely supported our theoretical model. First, employees develop harmonious passion when they perceive the presence of a mastery climate, but develop obsessive passion when they perceive the presence of a performance climate. Second, harmonious passion mediates the positive effect of mastery climate on employees' proactive work behavior, whereas obsessive passion mediates the positive effect of performance climate on employees' pro‐job unethical behavior. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.
Discrimination of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei using lipid profiling by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry paired with machine learning
Authors: Pizzato Jade , Tang Wenhao , Bernabeu Sandrine , Bonnin Rémy A. , Bille Emmanuelle , Farfour Eric , Guillard Thomas , Barraud Olivier , Cattoir Vincent , Plouzeau Chloe , Corvec Stéphane , Shahrezaei Vahid , Dortet Laurent , Larrouy‐Maumus Gerald 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) has become a staple in clinical microbiology laboratories. Protein‐profiling of bacteria using this technique has accelerated the identification of pathogens in diagnostic workflows. Recently, lipid profiling has emerged as a way to complement bacterial identification where protein‐based methods fail to provide accurate results. This study aimed to address the challenge of rapid discrimination between Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. using MALDI‐TOF MS in the negative ion mode for lipid profiling coupled with machine learning. Both E. coli and Shigella species are closely related; they share high sequence homology, reported for 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between E. coli and Shigella spp. exceeding 99%, and a similar protein expression pattern but are epidemiologically distinct. A bacterial collection of 45 E. coli, 48 Shigella flexneri, and 62 Shigella sonnei clinical isolates were submitted to lipid profiling in negative ion mode using the MALDI Biotyper Sirius® system after treatment with mild‐acid hydrolysis (acetic acid 1% v/v for 15 min at 98°C). Spectra were then analyzed using our in‐house machine learning algorithm and top‐ranked features used for the discrimination of the bacterial species. Here, as a proof‐of‐concept, we showed that lipid profiling might have the potential to differentiate E. coli from Shigella species using the analysis of the top five ranked features obtained by MALDI‐TOF MS in the negative ion mode of the MALDI Biotyper Sirius® system. Based on this new approach, MALDI‐TOF MS analysis of lipids might help pave the way toward these goals.
Accelerated sequences of 4D flow MRI using GRAPPA and compressed sensing: A comparison against conventional MRI and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Garreau Morgane , Puiseux Thomas , Toupin Solenn , Giese Daniel , Mendez Simon , Nicoud Franck , Moreno Ramiro 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo evaluate hemodynamic markers obtained by accelerated GRAPPA (R = 2, 3, 4) and compressed sensing (R = 7.6) 4D flow MRI sequences under complex flow conditions.MethodsThe accelerated 4D flow MRI scans were performed on a pulsatile flow phantom, along with a nonaccelerated fully sampled k‐space acquisition. Computational fluid dynamics simulations based on the experimentally measured flow fields were conducted for additional comparison. Voxel‐wise comparisons (Bland–Altman analysis, ‐norm metric), as well as nonderived quantities (velocity profiles, flow rates, and peak velocities), were used to compare the velocity fields obtained from the different modalities.Results4D flow acquisitions and computational fluid dynamics depicted similar hemodynamic patterns. Voxel‐wise comparisons between the MRI scans highlighted larger discrepancies at the voxels located near the phantom's boundary walls. A trend for all MR scans to overestimate velocity profiles and peak velocities as compared to computational fluid dynamics was noticed in regions associated with high velocity or acceleration. However, good agreement for the flow rates was observed, and eddy‐current correction appeared essential for consistency of the flow rates measurements with respect to the principle of mass conservation.ConclusionGRAPPA (R = 2, 3) and highly accelerated compressed sensing showed good agreement with the fully sampled acquisition. Yet, all 4D flow MRI scans were hampered by artifacts inherent to the phase‐contrast acquisition procedure. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are an interesting tool to assess these differences but are sensitive to modeling parameters.
Trees, forests, chickens, and eggs: when and why to prune trees in a random forest
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Mentch Lucas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to their long‐standing reputation as excellent off‐the‐shelf predictors, random forests (RFs) continue to remain a go‐to model of choice for applied statisticians and data scientists. Despite their widespread use, however, until recently, little was known about their inner workings and about which aspects of the procedure were driving their success. Very recently, two competing hypotheses have emerged–one based on interpolation and the other based on regularization. This work argues in favor of the latter by utilizing the regularization framework to reexamine the decades‐old question of whether individual trees in an ensemble ought to be pruned. Despite the fact that default constructions of RFs use near full depth trees in most popular software packages, here we provide strong evidence that tree depth should be seen as a natural form of regularization across the entire procedure. In particular, our work suggests that RFs with shallow trees are advantageous when the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the data is low. In building up this argument, we also critique the newly popular notion of “double descent” in RFs by drawing parallels to U‐statistics and arguing that the noticeable jumps in random forest accuracy are the result of simple averaging rather than interpolation.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Stimuli Responsive On/Off Switching of Cross‐Linked Hydroxyethyl Starch: A Smart Material for Intelligent Drug Delivery
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Azhar , Bashir Faheem , Abbas Azhar , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study reports cross‐linking of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) using citric acid to from cross‐linked HES‐citrate. The HES‐citrate as obtained is characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. The cross‐linked product HES‐citrate shows remarkable swelling in different media simulated to the physiological systems of human body, i.e., deionized water (DW), pH 6.8 and 7.4, and followed second order swelling kinetics. The HES‐citrate exhibits reversible swelling/deswelling in different combinations of stimuli, i.e., at pH 7.4 and 1.2, in DW and normal saline and in DW and ethanol which makes it a potential candidate for intelligent drug delivery. Therefore, cross‐linked product shows extraordinary stimuli‐responsiveness under different physiological conditions such as in presence electrolytes and solvents and at different temperatures. HES‐citrate‐based aceclofenac tablet is formulated that demonstrates sustained‐release under conditions mimicked to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in terms of pH and transit time.
Consequences and coping: Investigating client, co‐worker and senior colleague incivility within veterinary practice
Authors: Irwin Amy , Silver‐MacMahon Helen , Wilcke Stephanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWorkplace incivility is a workplace stressor with varying effects according to the status of the target and instigator. This study sought to examine veterinary staff's experiences of incivility from clients, co‐workers and senior colleagues.MethodAn online mixed‐measures survey gathered data from UK veterinary staff (n = 252, primarily veterinarians and nurses). Quantitative scales were used to collect data on incivility frequency, burnout, mental health, job satisfaction, turnover intention and key coping responses. Qualitative data expanded on preferred coping strategies.ResultsThe impact of uncivil behaviour varied according to the source of the incivility and the status of the target. Senior colleague incivility predicted veterinarian turnover intention, whereas client incivility predicted burnout. Similarly, senior colleague incivility predicted job satisfaction for veterinary nurses. Seeking support was the most frequently reported coping strategy. The qualitative data illustrated strategies focused on calming the situation and management of self.LimitationsThe data are based on self‐reports and are subject to social desirability bias. The sample is limited to UK veterinary staff.ConclusionVeterinary staff are at risk of experiencing incivility, with varying impacts across job roles and incivility sources. A proactive system approach to incivility is recommended, encompassing support and procedural changes.
Ultra‐precise surface structuring in nanometer scale
Authors: Dormann Sebastian , Kosel Maximilian , Zontar Daniel , Brecher Christian 
Published: August 2022

SummaryManufacturing of large scale function‐alized and structured surfaces require special production processes and machines. Important criteria for those surfaces are the realized surface roughness and contour accuracy. Typical structures for optical applications with a high quality demand are V‐grooves, pyramidal and fresnel geometries. The initial mastering process is decisive for the quality in the consecutive replication processes like thermal‐ or UV‐Nanoimprint. Ultra‐precision diamond turning can be seen as one efficient methodology for the creation of large area structured drums with a high surface quality.
Culex pipiens distribution in Tunisia: Identification of suitable areas through Random Forest and MaxEnt approaches
Authors: Amdouni Jihane , Conte Annamaria , Ippoliti Carla , Candeloro Luca , Tora Susanna , Sghaier Soufien , Hassine Thameur Ben , Fakhfekh Emna Ayari , Savini Giovanni , Hammami Salah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTunisia has experienced several West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks since 1997. Yet, there is limited information on the spatial distribution of the main WNV mosquito vector Culex pipiens suitability at the national level.ObjectivesIn the present study, our aim was to predict and evaluate the potential and current distribution of Cx. pipiens in Tunisia.MethodsTo this end, two species distribution models were used, i.e. MaxEnt and Random Forest. Occurrence records for Cx. pipiens were obtained from adult and larvae sampled in Tunisia from 2014 to 2017. Climatic and human factors were used as predictors to model the Cx. pipiens geographical distribution. Mean decrease accuracy and mean decrease Gini indices were calculated to evaluate the importance of the impact of different environmental and human variables on the probability distribution of Cx. pipiens.ResultsSuitable habitats were mainly distributed next to oases, in the north and eastern part of the country. The most important predictor was the population density in both models. The study found out that the governorates of Monastir, Nabeul, Manouba, Ariana, Bizerte, Gabes, Medenine and Kairouan are at highest epidemic risk.ConclusionsThe potential distribution of Cx. pipiens coincides geographically with the observed distribution of the disease in humans in Tunisia. Our study has the potential for driving control effort in the fight against West Nile vector in Tunisia.