bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Kindness- and Compassion-Based Meditation on Wellbeing, Prosociality, and Cognitive Functioning in Children and Adolescents: a Systematic Review
Authors: Perkins Nicole , Sehmbi Taranjit , Smith Patrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesInterventions involving kindness- and compassion-based meditation (KCBM) have been shown to have various benefits for adults, and there is growing interest in using KCBMs with children. This systematic review explores the effects of KCBM on wellbeing, prosociality, and cognitive functioning in children and adolescents.MethodsStudies were eligible if they examined interventions that contained a proportion of KCBM above a set threshold, included child participants only, used any or no control group, and included at least one outcome measure related to wellbeing, prosociality, or cognitive functioning. Studies were assessed for quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and findings were synthesised narratively.ResultsA systematic literature search of 11 databases up to February 2020 identified 3,073 papers. Ten studies were eligible for inclusion in the review, including 807 children. There was evidence of improvements in wellbeing in 47% of wellbeing outcome measures (including stress, anxiety, depression, negative affect, markers of inflammation, mindfulness, and self-compassion). Prosociality and cognitive functioning (visual perception and motor accuracy) were examined in 1 study each, and there was evidence of improvements in both outcomes. Effect sizes ranged from small to large. There was some evidence that interventions were more effective with younger, non-clinical populations and where intervention teachers were experienced. Study quality was generally weak.ConclusionsThere was no strong evidence base for positive effects of KCBM with children. However, the findings of the review are encouraging given the early stage of development of the field, and further research is warranted. Recommendations for future research include more robust methodological design, improved reporting, and a focus on developmental mechanisms of change.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42014013065.
Trees as brokers in social networks: Cascades of rights and benefits from a Cultural Keystone Species
Authors: Djoudi Houria , Locatelli Bruno , Pehou Catherine , Colloff Matthew J. , Elias Marlène , Gautier Denis , Gorddard Russell , Vinceti Barbara , Zida Mathurin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndigenous trees play key roles in West African landscapes, such as the néré tree (Parkia biglobosa(Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don). We applied social–ecological network analysis to understand the social–ecological interactions around néré. We documented the benefits néré provides and the multiple social interactions it creates amongst a large range of actors. The flows of rights over the trees and benefits from them formed two hierarchical networks, or cascades, with different actors at the top. The two forms of power revealed by the two cascades of rights and benefits suggest possible powers and counter-powers across gender, ethnicity, and age. We documented how the tree catalyses social interactions across diverse groups to sustain vital social connections, and co-constitute places, culture, and relationships. We argue that a paradigm shift is urgently needed to leverage the remarkable untapped potential of indigenous trees and Cultural Keystone Species in current global restoration and climate change agendas.
Sorption-enhanced gasification of municipal solid waste for hydrogen production: a comparative techno-economic analysis using limestone, dolomite and doped limestone
Authors: Santos Mónica P. S. , Hanak Dawid P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSorption-enhanced gasification has been shown as a viable low-carbon alternative to conventional gasification, as it enables simultaneous gasification with in-situ CO2 capture to enhance the production of H2. CaO-based sorbents have been a preferred choice due to their low cost and wide availability. This work assessed the technical and economic viability of sorption-enhanced gasification using natural limestone, doped limestone with seawater and dolomite. The techno-economic performance of the sorption-enhanced gasification using different sorbents was compared with that of conventional gasification. Regarding the thermodynamic performance, dolomite presented the worst performance (46.0% of H2 production efficiency), whereas doped limestone presented the highest H2 production efficiency (50.0%). The use of dolomite also resulted in the highest levelised cost of hydrogen (5.4 €/kg against 5.0 €/kg when limestone is used as sorbent), which translates into a CO2 avoided cost ranging between 114.9 €/tCO2 (natural limestone) and 130.4 €/tCO2 (dolomite). Although doped limestone has shown a CO2 avoided cost of 117.7 €/tCO2, this can be reduced if the production cost of doped limestone is lower than 42.6 €/t. The production costs of new sorbents for CO2 capture and H2 production need to be similar to that of natural limestone to become an attractive alternative to natural limestone.
Optimal scheduling in cloud healthcare system using Q-learning algorithm
Authors: Li Yafei , Wang Hongfeng , Wang Na , Zhang Tianhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCloud healthcare system (CHS) can provide the telemedicine services, which is helpful to cope with the difficulty of patients getting medical service in the traditional medical systems. However, resource scheduling in CHS has to face with a great of challenges since managing the trade-off of efficiency and quality becomes complicated due to the uncertainty of patient choice behavior. Motivated by this, a resource scheduling problem with multi-stations queueing network in CHS is studied in this paper. A Markov decision model with uncertainty is developed to optimize the match process of patients and scarce resources with the objective of minimizing the total medical costs that consist of three conflicting sub-costs, i.e., medical costs, waiting time costs and the penalty costs caused by unmuting choice behavior of patients. For solving the proposed model, a three-stage dynamic scheduling method is designed, in which an improved Q-learning algorithm is employed to achieve the optimal schedule. Numerical experimental results show that this Q-learning-based scheduling algorithm outperforms two traditional scheduling algorithms significantly, as well as the balance of the three conflicting sub-costs is kept and the service efficiency is improved.
Dual graph characteristics of water distribution networks—how optimal are design solutions?
Authors: Sitzenfrei Robert , Hajibabaei Mohsen , Hesarkazzazi Sina , Diao Kegong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrban water infrastructures are an essential part of urban areas. For their construction and maintenance, major investments are required to ensure an efficient and reliable function. Vital parts of the urban water infrastructures are water distribution networks (WDNs), which transport water from the production (sources) to the spatially distributed consumers (sinks). To minimize the costs and at the same time maximize the resilience of such a system, multi-objective optimization procedures (e.g., meta-heuristic searches) are performed. Assessing the hydraulic behavior of WDNs in such an optimization procedure is no trivial task and is computationally demanding. Further, deciding how close to optimal design solutions the current solutions are, is difficult to assess and often results in an unnecessary extent of experiment. To tackle these challenges, an answer to the questions is sought: when is an optimization stage achieved from which no further improvements can be expected, and how can that be assessed? It was found that graph characteristics based on complex network theory (number of dual graph elements) converge towards a certain threshold with increasing number of generations. Furthermore, a novel method based on network topology and the demand distribution in WDNs, specifically based on changes in ‘demand edge betweenness centrality’, for identifying that threshold is developed and successfully tested. With the proposed novel approach, it is feasible, prior to the optimization, to determine characteristics that optimal design solutions should fulfill, and thereafter, test them during the optimization process. Therewith, numerous simulation runs of meta-heuristic search engines can be avoided.
Real-Time Detection and Recognition of Railway Traffic Signals Using Deep Learning
Authors: Staino Andrea , Suwalka Akshat , Mitra Pabitra , Basu Biswajit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutomated detection and recognition of traffic signals are of great significance in railway systems. Autonomous driving solutions are well established for urban rail transportation systems. Many metro lines in service worldwide have reached the highest grade of automation where the train is automatically operated without any staff on board. However, autonomous driving is still an open challenge for mainline trains, due to the complexity of the mainline environment. In this context, automated recognition of wayside signals can help to minimise the risk of human error owing to low visibility and fatigue. It represents a key step towards the fully autonomous train. In this article we present a deep learning based approach for the above task. The You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) is used for detection and recognition of wayside signals. A heuristic is used to recognise blinking states. We consider FRSign dataset, a large collection of over 100,000 images of traffic signals from some of the trains in French Railways. A distilled and cleaned version of the dataset curated by us is used for training. The trained network has low computational overhead and can recognise traffic signals in real time and under diverse field conditions. It has robust performance even for complex scenes having multiple signals and light sources, and in adverse circumstances such as rain and night environments. The refined version of the dataset is published as open for validation and further research and development.
A Systematic Literature Review of Specialist Policing of Rape and Serious Sexual Offences
Authors: Dalton Charlotte T. , Barrett Sophie , Horvath Miranda A. H. , Davies Kari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe policing of rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) is increasingly under scrutiny, with rising reporting rates, high attrition rates, and ever-decreasing charge and conviction rates. Internationally there appear to be common inadequacies in RASSO investigations. Given these issues, policing specialism may be an effective tool to improve the investigation of RASSO. This article systematically draws together the existing literature from around the world on the use of a specialist approach to tackling RASSO. A systematic literature review was conducted, and 18 papers were included for analysis based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. From these documents, five key themes were found: investigation procedures and processes; victim care; specialist training, knowledge and skills; officer wellbeing and capacity; and policing outcomes. The review highlighted that the specialist policing of RASSO can improve the investigative process on several levels: improving the efficacy of the individual components of the investigation; better engagement with victims; better officer wellbeing; and overall improved policing outcomes. Further research is required into the specific mechanisms that results in improvements into the investigative process, the set-up of such specialist units, as well as how training in this area can be as effective as possible.
Experimental and numerical analyses of nitrogen oxides formation in a high ammonia-low hydrogen blend using a tangential swirl burner
Authors: Alnasif A. , Mashruk S. , Kovaleva M. , Wang P. , Valera-Medina A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmmonia has been considered as a novel fuel for decarbonization purposes. However, emissions from combustion systems are still posing a problem. Therefore, experimental and numerical simulations have been conducted to study the concentration of exhaust emissions (Nitric oxide “NO”, Nitrous oxide “N2O”) from burning the ammonia/hydrogen (NH3/H2) blend 85/15 (vol%). The effects were measured at various thermal powers ranging 10 to 20 kW and with different Reynolds numbers from 20,000—40,000. The experimental points were numerically investigated in the Ansys CHEMKIN-Pro environment employing seven chemical kinetic mechanisms taken from the literature. All experiments have been undertaken at standard atmospheric conditions. The experimental results showed that both NO and N2O gradually increased when the Reynolds number increased from 20,000 to 40,000. Along with that, the concentration of NO emissions at the exhaust reported minimum level when the Re = 20,000 due to lower reactivity radical formation, all that led to a deterioration of the flame characteristics. Also, the integrated radical intensities of NO*, OH*, NH*, and NH2* demonstrate an increasing trend as Re increased from 20,000 to 40,000. In terms of thermal power, N2O suffered an abrupt decrease when the thermal power increased up to 15 kW, while the opposite occurs for NO. In addition, the radicals intensity of OH*, NH*and NH2* figures show an increase in their concentration when the thermal power increased up to 15 kW then decreased with increasing thermal intensity to reach 20 kW, reflecting into increased NO productions and decreased N2O levels. The numerical analysis showed that Stagni, Bertolino, and Bowen Mei were the most accurate mechanisms as these give a good prediction for NO and N2O. The study also showed that the chemical reaction (HNO + O2 ↔ NO + HO2) is the main source of NO formation. While the chemical reaction (NH + NO ↔ N2O + H) is responsible for the formation of N2O by consuming NO and when there will be abundance in NH radicals. Finally, dealing with a blended fuel of high ammonia concentration encourages ammonia chemistry to become more dominant in the flame. It decreases the flame temperature, hence lowering heat loss between the flame and the surrounding.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Schaps Diego , Dever Reilly , Parente Victoria M. , Anderson Deverick J. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA retrospective cohort of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with cerebral palsy was matched 1:3 by age and admission year to determine odds of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization. Adjusted odds of MRSA nasal colonization at PICU admission were 2.6-fold higher among children with cerebral palsy.
Contribution of base diet, voluntary fortified foods and supplements to micronutrient intakes in the UK
Authors: Bird Julia K. , Barron Rebecca , Pigat Sandrine , Bruins Maaike J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of voluntary fortified foods and supplements to reducing micronutrient shortfalls in the UK population. A secondary analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey was conducted (2012/13–2013/14,N2546, 1·5–95 years). Micronutrient intakes were derived from food consumption intake data and food composition data and calculated as the proportion below or above the Dietary Reference Values for males and females of different age groups, for those on a base diet only, users of fortified foods but no supplements and users of fortified foods and supplements. Of the population consuming a base diet only, 21–45 % and 5–29 % fell below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for minerals and vitamins, respectively. About 3–13 % fewer consumers of fortified foods fell below the EAR for vitamins and minerals. Supplements barely reduced the prevalence of intakes below the EAR. Among supplement non-users and users, 99 and 96 % failed to meet the reference intakes for vitamin D. More women than men were at risk of inadequacies of micronutrient intakes. The prevalence of inadequacies declined with increasing age. Voluntary fortified foods but not supplements made a meaningful contribution to intakes of vitamin and minerals, without risk of unacceptably high intakes. These insights may help the UK to define approaches to address micronutrients of concern in vulnerable groups.
Double-Edged Bullets: The Conditional Effect of Terrorism on Vote for the Incumbent
Authors: Falcó-Gimeno Albert , Muñoz Jordi , Pannico Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTerrorism often seeks to impact democratic politics. This article explores how it can influence the electoral fortunes of the incumbent. Existing research is contradictory. Models of retrospective voting predict a negative impact, as terrorism is detrimental to voters' welfare. However, the well-known ‘rally around the flag’ effect suggests otherwise: following a terrorist attack, voters often cling to the incumbent. We reconcile these arguments and argue that while both effects can coexist, the retrospective assessment is more durable than the rally around the flag. Using data on all deadly domestic terrorist attacks in Spain between 1977 and 2008, matched with municipal-level national election results, we show how exposure to strikes that occur during the last quarter of the term benefit the incumbent, while more temporally distant attacks are electorally harmful. In line with our theory, we find a more pronounced temporal heterogeneity for indiscriminate attacks and those that target civilians.
Nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl effects on wheat grain yield, lodging and seed physiological quality in southern Brazil
Authors: Faria Lucas Pinto de , Silva Sérgio Ricardo , Lollato Rômulo Pisa 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects wheat yield and grain protein concentration; however, its mismanagement can increase plant lodging. While the use of plant growth regulators such as trinexapac-ethyl (TE) can mitigate plant lodging, their effects on seed physiological quality are not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilization and TE on wheat yield, lodging and seed quality of spring wheat varieties. It was carried out in the 2018 growing season in the environments of Londrina and Ponta Grossa, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used with a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement to evaluate two wheat genotypes (WT 15008 and WT 15025), three top-dressing N rates (0, 40 and 120 kg ha−1), and three TE rates (0, 50 and 100 g ha−1). Agronomic characteristics related to wheat productivity (hectolitre weight, thousand-grain weight, density of fertile spikes, plant height, lodging and grain yield) and seed physiological quality (seed germination and vigour; length and dry matter of normal seedlings) were evaluated. Increasing N rates up to 120 kg ha−1 increased plant lodging up to 26.4 percentage points for WT 15025 in Londrina. TE impaired some traits of seed physiological quality. Spraying 100 g ha−1 TE on the plants reduced seedling length by 9.4% in the seeds of WT 15008 harvested in Ponta Grossa compared to the TE control (0 g ha−1). The dry matter of the seedlings from the seeds harvested in Londrina declined by 7.2% due to the application of 100 g ha−1 TE, compared to the control. However, a lower rate of TE (50 g ha−1) might be enough to minimize plant lodging without impairing the physiological quality of the seeds, depending on the rate of N fertilization. This study is the first step in providing empirical evidence for the detrimental effects of TE in combination with N on wheat seed quality, suggesting that seed producers should exercise caution in managing TE and N fertilization.
Effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on cyathostomin eggs excretion, larval development, larval community structure and efficacy of ivermectin treatment in horses
Authors: Malsa Joshua , Courtot Élise , Boisseau Michel , Dumont Bertrand , Gombault Pascale , Kuzmina Tetiana A. , Basiaga Marta , Lluch Jérôme , Annonay Gwenolah , Dhorne-Pollet Sophie , Mach Nuria , Sutra Jean-François , Wimel Laurence , Dubois Cédric , Guégnard Fabrice , Serreau Delphine , Lespine Anne , Sallé Guillaume , Fleurance Géraldine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlternative strategies to chemical anthelmintics are needed for the sustainable control of equine strongylids. Bioactive forages like sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) could contribute to reducing drug use, with the first hints of in vitro activity against cyathostomin free-living stages observed in the past. We analysed the effect of a sainfoin-rich diet on cyathostomin population and the efficacy of oral ivermectin treatment. Two groups of 10 naturally infected horses were enrolled in a 78-day experimental trial. Following a 1-week adaptation period, they were either fed with dehydrated sainfoin pellets (70% of their diet dry matter) or with alfalfa pellets (control group) for 21-days. No difference was found between the average fecal egg counts (FECs) of the two groups, but a significantly lower increase in larval development rate was observed for the sainfoin group, at the end of the trial. Quantification of cyathostomin species abundances with an ITS-2-based metabarcoding approach revealed that the sainfoin diet did not affect the nemabiome structure compared to the control diet. Following oral ivermectin treatment of all horses on day 21, the drug concentration was lower in horses fed with sainfoin, and cyathostomin eggs reappeared earlier in that group. Our results demonstrated that short-term consumption of a sainfoin-rich diet does not decrease cyathostomin FEC but seems to slightly reduce larval development. Consumption of dehydrated sainfoin pellets also negatively affected ivermectin pharmacokinetics, underscoring the need to monitor horse feeding regimes when assessing ivermectin efficacy in the field.
The Persian version of Herth Hope Index in Iranian patients with cancer: A psychometric study
Authors: Sharif Nia Hamid , Moshtagh Mozhgan , Khoshnavay Fomani Fatemeh , She Long , Kohestani Daniyal , Rahmatpour Pardis , Keeton William 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesHope is a contextual concept that has significant effects on human well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Herth Hope Index (P-HHI) among Iranian patients with cancer.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 patients with cancer from September to December 2020. After translating the HHI into Persian, content, convergent and discriminant, construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), and reliability of the P-HHI were assessed.ResultsThe results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the P-HHI was composed of two factors: Life Expectancy and Thinking Positive, which explained 55.20% of the total variance.Significance of resultsThe research revealed that the P-HHI has acceptable validity and reliability, which can be used to measure the hope concept among Iranian patients with cancer.