bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Novel synthesis of layered MoS2/TiO2/CNT nanocomposite as a potential electrode for high performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Vinodhini S.P. , Xavier Joseph Raj 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis work is aimed to synthesize hybrid nanocomposite electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are incorporated into MoS2 as well as TiO2 to form different hybrid electrode materials such as MoS2/CNTs, TiO2/CNTs, and MoS2/TiO2/CNTs in an effort to improve the electrochemical performance. The resulting hybrid electrode materials are examined by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and Raman studies. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge‐discharge tests are used to evaluate the specific capacitance and charge‐discharge stability of the synthesized MoS2/TiO2/CNTs. Among the hybrid electrode materials investigated, the MoS2/TiO2/CNTs exhibits superior electrochemical performance with specific capacitance of 1252.57 mA h/g at a scan rate 20 mV/s as compared with MoS2/CNTs (810.53 mA h/g), TiO2/CNTs (607.10 mA h/g), and CNTs (204.35 mA h/g). All electrochemical tests were carried out in a solution of 1 M KOH. The Rct and Rf for the MoS2/TiO2/CNTs electrode were found to be 1.7 Ω.cm2 and 2.1 Ω.cm2, respectively, which were significantly lower than the corresponding Rct (40.2 Ω.cm2) and Rf (51.1 Ω.cm2) for the CNTs electrode, indicating that the MoS2/TiO2/CNTs has a significantly lower overall impedance, which could be one of the key factors responsible for the improved electrochemical performance of the MoS2/TiO2/CNTs. Moreover, this MoS2/TiO2/CNTs hybrid electrode displays good cycling stability with the capacitance retention of 98.83% after 10 000 cycles of charge‐discharge at 1 A/g. The energy density and power density of MoS2/TiO2/CNTs composites are found to be 757.80 Wh/kg and 4546.80 W/kg respectively.
Trophies, Technology, and Timescape in Fisheries Management, as Exemplified through Oklahoma's World Record Paddlefish Polyodon spathula
Authors: Scarnecchia Dennis L , Schooley Jason D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we use world record Paddlefish Polyodon spathula catches to exemplify the origins and management of trophy fisheries and the human motivations involved within a continually compressing timescape of advancing fish finding, harvest capability, and communication and information technologies. Conservation of long-lived species such as Paddlefish, sturgeons (Acipenseridae), or other large species currently challenged by ecological change or habitat losses may be further challenged by the expansion of harvest power through advances in fishing technology in pursuit of trophy fish. Technological evolution may outpace the adaptive abilities of managers to safeguard these fisheries with sensible harvest regulations—often a multi-year, bureaucratic process. Managers must maintain focus on understanding the ecological nuances of these species while proactively developing resilient harvest management frameworks capable of responding to such challenges in a meaningful and timely way. Our paper may be useful for other fisheries professionals involved in management of long-lived, trophy fishes and fisheries.
Novel technique to prevent or correct open‐mouth deformity after bilateral mandibular resection: Use of tensor fascia lata slings
Authors: Wein Lauren E. , O'Malley Quinn F. , Xing Monica H. , Sims John R. , Mundi Neil , Dowling Eric M. , Buchbinder Daniel , Urken Mark L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpen‐mouth deformity after mandibular resection presents a challenge for surgeons and patients, contributing to significant functional and cosmetic morbidity. We present an innovative surgical technique to prevent or correct open‐mouth deformity. Tensor fascia lata slings were utilized in combination with maxillomandibular fixation to surgically correct or prevent open‐mouth deformity in four patients who had previously undergone mandibulectomy or at the time of a contralateral mandibulectomy following prior hemimandibulectomy and reconstruction. Two patients achieved favorable outcomes, including oral competence and improved resting jaw position, while open‐mouth deformity could not be corrected for one patient. Another patient remains in the early postoperative period following a secondary procedure to correct open‐mouth deformity. Open‐mouth deformity is a functional/aesthetic problem that has not been addressed in the literature. Use of tensor fascia lata slings to suspend the mandible is a novel approach to the surgical management of open‐mouth deformity.
Cancer combination therapies by silencing of CTLA‐4, PD‐L1, and TIM3 in osteosarcoma
Authors: Sorkhabi Amin Daei , Sarkesh Aila , Fotouhi Ali , Saeedi Hossein , Aghebati‐Maleki Leili 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common orthopedic neoplasm, with a high metastasis rate and a dismal prognosis despite surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapies have offered cancer patients a ray of optimism, but their impact on OS has been disappointing. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of mono, dual, and triple combinations of CTLA‐4, PD‐L1, and TIM3 blockade on OS cell viability, apoptosis, and migration. The MG‐63 and U‐2 OS cell lines were transfected with mono, dual, and triple combinations of siRNAs specific for CTLA‐4, PD‐L1, and TIM3. After evaluation for transfection efficacy by qRT‐PCR, MTT assay and flow cytometry were applied to assess cell viability and apoptosis rate in siRNA‐transfected cells, respectively. Ultimately, the migration of transfected cells was measured by wound‐healing assay. First, the qRT‐PCR analysis revealed that in siRNA‐transfected OS cells, CTLA‐4, PD‐L1, and TIM3 were downregulated. The MTT assay and flow cytometry results confirmed that silencing of these immune checkpoints in dual or triple combinations, but not in the single‐agent blockade, significantly decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis, respectively. These effects were more significant when triple silencing was performed. Finally, the wound‐healing assay revealed that dual and triple silencing of immune checkpoints significantly inhibits cell migration, with triple silencing exhibiting a greater effect. Our findings suggest that triple blockade of CTLA‐4, PD‐L1, and TIM3 is an effective strategy for inhibiting tumor cell progression and migration in OS, which requires large‐scale clinical investigations to be translated into broad therapeutic applicability for OS patients.
Are we ready for long‐acting? A feasibility evaluation of long‐acting cabotegravir–rilpivirine in clinical practice
Authors: Borghetti Alberto , Farinacci Damiano , Ciccullo Arturo , Dusina Alex , Moschese Davide , Iannone Valentina , D'Angelillo Anna , Lombardi Francesca , Donne Valentina Delle , Massaroni Valentina , Visconti Elena , Tamburrini Enrica , Di Giambenedetto Simona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCabotegravir and rilpivirine are the first drugs to be approved as injectable therapy to treat individuals with HIV. Despite encouraging results, the guidelines specify strict criteria for eligibility that could limit the feasibility of this strategy. We collected the clinical data of HIV‐positive patients who were being treated at a single, third‐level center in Italy. All patients were on stable therapy and showed suppressed viral load on their most recent analyses. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of the clinical and viro‐immunological characteristics of this population and excluded patients who had previous virological failures, resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs) to rilpivirine or integrase inhibitors in the historical genotype, hepatitis B infection, absence of previous genotypes, and the coexistence of HIV‐subtype A and obesity. Our aim was to evaluate the proportion of patients who could be eligible for switching to this strategy. one thousand seven hundred fifty‐two patients were eligible. One hundred and forty‐eight were excluded because of a detectable viral load. With regard to the exclusion criteria, 48 patients had coinfection with hepatitis B virus, and 744 had a history of previous virological failures. Of the 896 patients with at least one genotypic resistance test, 161 had one or more RAMs to rilpivirine and 3 had RAMs to cabotegravir. None of the patients presented the combination of obesity and the A viral subtype. Overall, 31.2% of the patients were ineligible for cabotegravir–rilpivirine, and the proportion increased to 47.3% when we considered only patients with all available information concerning resistance tests. Approximately half of our cohort of patients did not fulfill the criteria and even more patients were potentially ineligible for cabotegravir–rilpivirine due to the lack of genotypic resistance tests. Also, fertile women had to be excluded due to the lack of data about this combination during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Rheological behavior of a novel fracturing fluid formed from amine oxide surfactants
Authors: Chen Jing , Tan Xinyuan , Fang Bo , Liu Boxiang , Gao Hang , Li Kejing , Yu Luyao , Xu Ke , Lu Yongjun , Qiu Xiaohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, two kinds of long‐chain amine oxide surfactants, erucamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide (EAOS) and oleamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide (OAOS) were synthesized and compounded with different mass ratios. The rheological tests show that there is a synergistic effect between EAOS and OAOS, and this effect reaches the strongest at the EAOS/OAOS solution with α = 0.7 (α is the mass fraction of EAOS in the mixed surfactant). Through the synergistic effect between EAOS and OAOS, the temperature resistance of amine oxide surfactant solutions can be effectively improved. EAOS/OAOS (α = 0.7) solutions with total surfactant mass fractions of 3, 4, and 5 wt% show good high‐temperature resistance at 130, 140, and 150°C, respectively. After shearing for 60 min at 100 s−1, 160°C, the remaining viscosity of the 5 wt% EAOS/OAOS (α = 0.7) with 1 wt% KCl solution is 30 mPa s, meeting the demand of viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluids.
Anti‐adipogenic activities of pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a isolated from wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Seringe) in vitro
Authors: Liu Yuh‐Hwa , Lu Yeh‐Lin , Chang Ya‐Chih , Chyuan Jong‐Ho , Lee Tzong‐Huei , Hou Wen‐Chi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe wild bitter gourd (WBG) is a commonly consumed vegetable in Asia that has antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the anti‐adipogenic activities of isolated compounds from WBG on 8‐day differentiated cultures of 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes that were then stained with Oil Red O (ORO) or diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI).RESULTSORO stains of the methanol extracts of de‐seeded HM86 cultivar of WBG (WBG‐M) and the ethyl acetate fractions (WBG‐M‐EA) showed anti‐adipogenic activities against differentiated adipocytes. Two chlorophyll‐degraded compounds, pheophorbide a (1) and pyropheophorbide a (2), were isolated from WBG‐M‐EA. Treatments with 1 (5, 10, and 20 μmol L−1) and 2 (2.5, 5, and 10 μmol L−1) showed dose‐dependent reductions in lipid accumulations and reduced nuclear DAPI stains in differentiated 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes. The concentrations for 50% inhibition against lipid accumulations of 1 and 2, respectively, were 16.05 and 7.04 μmol L−1. Treatments with 1 and 2 showed enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release in the first 4‐day cell mitotic clonal expansions during the differentiating cultural processes, although the effect was less on the non‐differentiating cultural processes. Thus, 1 and 2 were more toxic to differentiating adipocytes than to non‐differentiated pre‐adipocytes, which partly resulted in anti‐adipogenic activities with lowered lipid accumulations.CONCLUSIONBoth 1 and 2 showed anti‐adipogenic activities in cell models. These chlorophyll‐degraded compounds commonly exist in several vegetables during storage or edible seaweeds, which will provide resources for further investigations aiming to test anti‐obesity in animal studies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combination of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide and Lactiplantibacillus plantarumP101 alleviates acute liver injury by regulating gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Liu Shanji , Zhao Yu , Wang Mengqi , Hu Liehai , Li Wenjuan , Xu Hengyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolysaccharides and probiotics can play an outstanding role in the treatment of liver disease by regulating gut microbiota. Recently, the combined therapeutic effect of probiotics and polysaccharides has attracted the attention of researchers. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide (HCP) combined with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 was used to prevent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice, and its effect on gut microbiota regulation was explored.RESULTSResults showed that, in mice, HCP combined with L. plantarum P101 significantly alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in the liver by activating Nrf2 signals and inhibiting NF‐κB signals. The analysis of gut microbiota revealed that the combination of HCP and L. plantarum P101 increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Alloprevotella, Roseburia, and Akkermansia, but reduced that of the pro‐inflammatory bacteria Alistipes, Enterorhabdus, Anaerotruncus, and Escherichia‐Shigella. Correlation analysis also indicated that the expression of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF‐κB was connected to the changes in gut microbiota composition. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide combined with L. plantarum P101 can regulate the gut microbiota and then mediate the gut‐liver axis to activate the antioxidant pathway and inhibit inflammatory responses, thereby alleviating CCl4‐induced ALI.CONCLUSIONOur study provided a new perspective on the use of polysaccharides combined with probiotics in the treatment of liver disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of Artificial Intelligence for Parathyroid Recognition During Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Wang Bo , Zheng Jing , Yu Jia‐Fan , Lin Si‐Ying , Yan Shou‐Yi , Zhang Li‐Yong , Wang Si‐Si , Cai Shao‐Jun , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Lin Lan‐Qin , Chen Fei , Randolph Gregory W. , Zhao Wen‐Xin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to establish an artificial intelligence (AI) model to identify parathyroid glands during endoscopic approaches and compare it with senior and junior surgeons' visual estimation.MethodsA total of 1,700 images of parathyroid glands from 166 endoscopic thyroidectomy videos were labeled. Data from 20 additional full‐length videos were used as an independent external cohort. The YOLO V3, Faster R‐CNN, and Cascade algorithms were used for deep learning, and the optimal algorithm was selected for independent external cohort analysis. Finally, the identification rate, initial recognition time, and tracking periods of PTAIR (Artificial Intelligence model for Parathyroid gland Recognition), junior surgeons, and senior surgeons were compared.ResultsThe Faster R‐CNN algorithm showed the best balance after optimizing the hyperparameters of each algorithm and was updated as PTAIR. The precision, recall rate, and F1 score of the PTAIR were 88.7%, 92.3%, and 90.5%, respectively. In the independent external cohort, the parathyroid identification rates of PTAIR, senior surgeons, and junior surgeons were 96.9%, 87.5%, and 71.9%, respectively. In addition, PTAIR recognized parathyroid glands 3.83 s ahead of the senior surgeons (p = 0.008), with a tracking period 62.82 s longer than the senior surgeons (p = 0.006).ConclusionsPTAIR can achieve earlier identification and full‐time tracing under a particular training strategy. The identification rate of PTAIR is higher than that of junior surgeons and similar to that of senior surgeons. Such systems may have utility in improving surgical outcomes and also in accelerating the education of junior surgeons.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2516–2523, 2022
Effect of WC content on microstructure and properties of CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x high‐entropy alloys composite coatings prepared by selective laser melting
Authors: Li Desheng , Chen Ke , Fu Xiuqing , Hua Zixuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo improve the surface properties of Q235 carbon steels, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x high‐entropy alloy composite coatings were fabricated via selective laser melting. The microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were studied. Spherical or near‐spherical tungsten carbide (WC) particles are dispersively distributed in the coatings, resulting in the appearance of obvious WC and TiW2C phases. And the composite coatings mainly consist of body‐centered cubic (BCC) and face‐centered cubic (FCC). When x ≤ 0.3, the addition of WC enhances the BCC diffraction peak. Microhardness of the composite coatings with WC increases and is much higher than that of the substrate (280.6 HV0.1). The hardness of the CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 (1005.1 HV0.1) is the highest among the composite coatings. The retained WC particles and BCC acted as load bearers during the friction process, which reduces the wear loss of the composite coating. Also, the anodic protection caused by the corrosion‐resistant WC particles and BCC greatly improves the ability of the composite coatings to resist NaCl attack. Hence, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 exhibited the optimum wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Bio‐Inspired Antibacterial Hydrogel Adhesives with High Adhesion Strength
Authors: Liang Lei , Qin Zhihui , Dong Xiaoru , He Shaoshuai , Yao Mengmeng , Yu Qingyu , Yu Chaojie , Liu Min , Guo Bingyan , Zhang Hong , Yao Fanglian , Li Junjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTraditional adhesives such as cyanoacrylate glue are mostly solvent‐based. They are facing the problem of insufficient adhesion to some substrates, and also from the drawback of volatilization and release of small organic molecules in the process of usage. Therefore, a novel adhesive with non‐irritating, high adhesive strength, and antibacterial properties is highly required. In this study, a full physically crosslinked zwitterionic poly(betaine sulfonate methacrylate) (PSBMA) hydrogel is proposed. The physical crosslinking interactions endow the hydrogel with good self‐healing properties. Furthermore, the pure physical crosslinking hydrogel can form PSBMA powder adhesive after lyophilization and return to the hydrogel state after hydration. The mechanical properties of PSBMA adhesive can be modulated via adjusting the solid content and initiator dosage. Following the cure process similar to that of snail mucus or insect exoskeletons in nature, the adhesion of the PSBMA adhesive is improved at least 100 times than its wet state. In addition, the PSBMA adhesive is easy to be removed due to the dissociation of cross‐linked structures in saltwater environments. Moreover, PSBMA adhesive with antifouling properties can effectively prevent the adhesion of proteins and bacteria, which shows potential applications in the assembly of medical devices.
Initiation of antidepressant medication in people with type 2 diabetes living in the United Kingdom—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pal Kingshuk , Sharma Manuj , Mukadam Naaheed M. , Petersen Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDepression is a common comorbidity in people with type 2 diabetes and it is associated with poorer outcomes. There is limited data on the treatments used for depression in this population. The aim of this study was to explore the rates of initiation of antidepressant prescriptions in people with type 2 diabetes in the UK and identify those most at risk of needing such treatment.Research Design and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using data from IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD)‐UK data. Data from general practices in IMRD‐UK between January 2008 and December 2017 were used for this study.ResultsThe overall rates of antidepressant prescribing were stable over the study period. The rate of initiation of antidepressant medication in people with type 2 diabetes was 22.93 per 1000 person years at risk (PYAR) with a 95%CI 22.48 to 23.39 compared to 16.89 per 1000 PYAR (95%CI 16.77 to 17.01) in an age and gender matched cohort. The risk of being prescribed antidepressant medication with age had a U‐shaped distribution with the lowest risk in the 65–69 age group. The peak age for antidepressant initiation in men and women was 40–44, with a rate in men of 32.78 per 1000 PYAR (95% CI 29.57 to 36.34) and a rate in women of 46.80 per 1000 PYAR (95% CI 41.90 to 52.26). People with type 2 diabetes with in the least deprived quintile had an initiation rate of 19.66 per 1000 PYAR (95%CI 18.67 to 20.70) compared to 27.19 per 1000 PYAR (95%CI 25.50 to 28.93) in the most deprived quintile, with a 32% increase in the risk of starting antidepressant medication (95%CI 1.22 to 1.43).ConclusionsPeople with type 2 diabetes were 30% more likely to be started on antidepressant medication than people without type 2 diabetes. Women with type 2 diabetes were 35% more likely than men to be prescribed antidepressants and the risks increased with deprivation and in younger or older adults, with the lowest rates in the 65–69 year age band. The rates of antidepressant prescribing were broadly stable over the 10‐year period in this study. The antidepressant medications prescribed changed slightly over time with sertraline becoming more widely used and fewer prescriptions of citalopram.
Pilot study of inflammatory biomarkers in matched induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage of 2‐year‐olds with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Giacalone Vincent D. , Moncada‐Giraldo Diego , Margaroli Camilla , Brown Milton R. , Silva George L. , Chandler Joshua D. , Peng Limin , Tirouvanziam Rabindra , Guglani Lokesh ,   the IMPEDE‐CF Program
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this pilot study, we investigated whether induced sputum (IS) could serve as a viable alternative to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and yield robust inflammatory biomarkers in toddlers with cystic fibrosis (CF) featuring minimal structural lung disease.MethodsWe collected IS, BAL (right middle lobe and lingula), and blood, and performed chest computed tomography (CT) scans from 2‐year‐olds with CF (N = 11), all within a single visit. Inflammatory biomarkers included 20 soluble immune mediators and neutrophil elastase (NE), as well as frequency and phenotype of T cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils.ResultsAt the molecular level, nine mediators showed similar levels in IS and BAL (CXCL1, CXCL8, IL‐1α, IL‐1RA, IL‐6, CCL2, CXCL10, M‐CSF, VEGF‐A), four were higher in IS than in BAL (CXCL5, IL‐1β, CXCL11, TNFSF10), and two were present in IS, but undetectable in BAL (IL‐10, IFN‐γ). Meanwhile, soluble NE had lower activity in IS than in BAL. At the cellular level, T‐cell frequency was lower in IS than in BAL. Monocytes/macrophages were dominant in IS and BAL with similar frequencies, but differing expression of CD16 (lower in IS), CD115, and surface‐associated NE (higher in IS). Neutrophil frequency and phenotype did not differ between IS and BAL. Finally, neutrophil frequency in IS correlated positively with air trapping.ConclusionsIS collected from 2‐year‐olds with CF yields biomarkers of early airway inflammation with good agreement with BAL, notably with regard to molecular and cellular outcomes related to neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages.