bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Carpal Tunnel Release an Effective Treatment for Patients with Suspected Concurrent Carpal Tunnel and Pronator Syndrome?
Authors: MOZAFFARIAN Kamran , AMINI Arash , FARPOUR Hamid Reza , MOZAFFARIAN Dordaneh 
Published: April 2022

Background: Some patients with a confirmed diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) on clinical examination and electrodiagnostic testing (EDX) may also have one or more clinical features of pronator syndrome (PS). However, the EDX is negative for PS. We label these patients as suspected concurrent carpal tunnel and pronator syndrome (CCPS). We suspect that this is a presentation of reverse double crush syndrome that occurs when a symptomatic distal compression neuropathy converts an asymptomatic proximal compression into a symptomatic one. We believe both compressions can be relieved by decompressing the median nerve only at the wrist. The aim of our study is to determine whether carpal tunnel release (CTR) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from CCPS. Methods: This is a prospective, cohort study of the outcomes of CTR in two matched groups with 37 patients in each group. Group A included patients with suspected CCPS and group B included patients with isolated CTS. All patients were evaluated pre-operatively and 1 year after surgery using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). At one year, patients were also assessed for residual symptoms and positive provocative tests. Results: A significant improvement in the symptom and functional severity scales (SSS and FSS) of the BCTQ was noted in both groups. The degree of improvement in SSS was similar in both groups; however, group A showed a greater improvement in FSS. This could be attributed to higher pre-operative values in some items of FSS in group A. No patients in either group had residual symptoms severe enough to necessitate further treatment. Conclusion: The outcomes of CTR are similar in patients with isolated CTS and suspected CCPS and a CTR may be sufficient to address symptoms of CTS and PS in patients with CCPS. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Carbon Monoxide Activates PERK-Regulated Autophagy to Induce Immunometabolic Reprogramming and Boost Antitumor T-cell Function
Authors: Chakraborty Paramita , Parikh Rasesh Y. , Choi Seungho , Tran Danh , Gooz Monika , Hedley Zachariah T. , Kim Do-Sung , Pytel Dariusz , Kang Inhong , Nadig Satish N. , Beeson Gyda C. , Ball Lauren , Mehrotra Meenal , Wang Hongjun , Berto Stefano , Palanisamy Viswanathan , Li Hong , Chatterjee Shilpak , Rodriguez Paulo C. , Maldonado Eduardo N. , Diehl J. Alan , Gangaraju Vamsi K. , Mehrotra Shikhar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) share structural and functional networks and activate well-orchestrated signaling processes to shape cells’ fate and function. While persistent ER stress (ERS) response leads to mitochondrial collapse, moderate ERS promotes mitochondrial function. Strategies to boost antitumor T-cell function by targeting ER–mitochondria cross-talk have not yet been exploited. Here, we used carbon monoxide (CO), a short-lived gaseous molecule, to test whether engaging moderate ERS conditions can improve mitochondrial and antitumor functions in T cells. In melanoma antigen-specific T cells, CO-induced transient activation of ERS sensor protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) significantly increased antitumor T-cell function. Furthermore, CO-induced PERK activation temporarily halted protein translation and induced protective autophagy, including mitophagy. The use of LC3-GFP enabled differentiation between the cells that prepare themselves to undergo active autophagy (LC3-GFPpos) and those that fail to enter the process (LC3-GFPneg). LC3-GFPpos T cells showed strong antitumor potential, whereas LC3-GFPneg cells exhibited a T regulatory–like phenotype, harbored dysfunctional mitochondria, and accumulated abnormal metabolite content. These anomalous ratios of metabolites rendered the cells with a hypermethylated state and distinct epigenetic profile, limiting their antitumor activity. Overall, this study shows that ERS-activated autophagy pathways modify the mitochondrial function and epigenetically reprogram T cells toward a superior antitumor phenotype to achieve robust tumor control.

Significance:
Transient activation of ER stress with carbon monoxide drives mitochondrial biogenesis and protective autophagy that elicits superior antitumor T-cell function, revealing an approach to improving adoptive cell efficacy therapy.
YM155 Induces DNA Damage and Cell Death in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells by Inhibiting DNA Topoisomerase IIα at the ATP-Binding Site
Authors: Mackay Ryan P. , Weinberger Paul M. , Copland John A. , Mahdavian Elahe , Xu Qinqin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most aggressive of human cancers, and currently there are few effective treatments for most patients. YM155, first identified as a survivin inhibitor, was highlighted in a high-throughput screen performed by the National Cancer Institute, killing ATC cells in vitro and in vivo. However, there was no association between survivin expression and response to YM155 in clinical trials, and YM155 has been mostly abandoned for development despite favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. Currently, alternative mechanisms are being explored for YM155 by a number of groups. In this study, ATC patient samples show overexpression of topoisomerase Top2α compared with benign thyroid samples and to differentiated thyroid cancers. ATC cell lines that overexpress Top2α are more sensitive to YM155. We created a YM155-resistant cell line, which shows decreased expression of Top2α and is resensitized with Top2α overexpression. Molecular modeling predicts binding for YM155 in the Top2α ATP-binding site and identifies key amino acids for YM155–Top2α interaction. A Top2α mutant abrogates the effect of YM155, confirming the contribution of Top2α to YM155 mechanism of action. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of action for YM155 and may represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of ATC.
Internal Carotid Artery Tortuosity: Impact on Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Koge Junpei , Tanaka Kanta , Yoshimoto Takeshi , Shiozawa Masayuki , Kushi Yuji , Ohta Tsuyoshi , Satow Tetsu , Kataoka Hiroharu , Ihara Masafumi , Koga Masatoshi , Isobe Noriko , Toyoda Kazunori 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Although tortuosity of the internal carotid artery (ICA) can pose a significant challenge when performing mechanical thrombectomy, few studies have examined the impact of ICA tortuosity on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes.

Methods:
In a registry-based hospital cohort, consecutive patients with anterior circulation stroke in whom mechanical thrombectomy was attempted were divided into 2 groups: those with tortuosity in the extracranial or cavernous ICA (tortuous group) and those without (nontortuous group). The extracranial ICA tortuosity was defined as the presence of coiling or kinking. The cavernous ICA tortuosity was defined by the posterior deflection of the posterior genu or the shape resembling Simmons-type catheter. Outcomes included first pass effect (FPE; extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2c/3 after first pass), favorable outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2), and intracranial hemorrhage.

Results:

Of 370 patients, 124 were in the tortuous group (extracranial ICA tortuosity, 35; cavernous ICA tortuosity, 70; tortuosity at both sites, 19). The tortuous group showed a higher proportion of women and atrial fibrillation than the nontortuous group. FPE was less frequently achieved in the tortuous group than the nontortuous group (21% versus 39%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.26–0.77]). ICA tortuosity was independently associated with the longer time from puncture to extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b reperfusion (β=23.19 [95% CI, 13.44–32.94]). Favorable outcome was similar between groups (46% versus 48%;
P
=0.87). Frequencies of any intracranial hemorrhage (54% versus 42%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.02–2.53]) and parenchymal hematoma (11% versus 6%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.04–5.58]) were higher in the tortuous group. In the tortuous group, the FPE rate was similar in patients who underwent combined stent retriever and contact aspiration thrombectomy and in those who underwent either procedure alone (22% versus 19%;
P
=0.80). However, in the nontortuous group, the FPE rate was significantly higher in patients who underwent combined stent retriever and contact aspiration (52% versus 35%;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions:
ICA tortuosity was independently associated with reduced likelihood of FPE and increased risk of postmechanical thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhage.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02251665.
The Influence of Alternative Development Finance on the World Bank’s Safeguards Regime
Authors: Greenstein Gus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
What shapes social-environmental regulations in the World Bank? To date, scholars have emphasized the influence of nongovernmental organization activism, donor power, and various elements of the Bank’s internal culture and incentive system. This article documents a new and important source of influence: outside financing options for borrower countries. I demonstrate this influence through an in-depth study of the World Bank’s Safeguards Review and Update, a four-year policy-making process that concluded in 2016. As alternative sources of finance carrying less stringent safeguard requirements than those of the World Bank proliferated in years preceding the Safeguards Review, borrowers gained negotiating power over Bank policy, enabling them to successfully push for more regulatory autonomy. These findings suggest that understanding the future of social-environmental standards in development finance institutions will require greater attention to new sources of finance and the power shifts they may entail.
PADA: Example-based Prompt Learning for on-the-fly Adaptation to
Unseen Domains
Authors: Ben-David Eyal , Oved Nadav , Reichart Roi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Natural Language Processing algorithms have made incredible progress, but they still struggle when applied to out-of-distribution examples. We address a challenging and underexplored version of this domain adaptation problem, where an algorithm is trained on several source domains, and then applied to examples from unseen domains that are unknown at training time. Particularly, no examples, labeled or unlabeled, or any other knowledge about the target domain are available to the algorithm at training time. We present PADA: An example-based autoregressive Prompt learning algorithm for on-the-fly Any-Domain Adaptation, based on the T5 language model. Given a test example, PADA first generates a unique prompt for it and then, conditioned on this prompt, labels the example with respect to the NLP prediction task. PADA is trained to generate a prompt that is a token sequence of unrestricted length, consisting of Domain Related Features (DRFs) that characterize each of the source domains. Intuitively, the generated prompt is a unique signature that maps the test example to a semantic space spanned by the source domains. In experiments with 3 tasks (text classification and sequence tagging), for a total of 14 multi-source adaptation scenarios, PADA substantially outperforms strong baselines.1
“Taking Precedence over the Torah”: Vows and Oaths, Abstinence and Celibacy in Naḥmanides’s Oeuvre
Authors: Yisraeli Oded 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article explores the ascetic tendencies of Naḥmanides (R. Moses ben Naḥman, ca. 1194–1270) as reflected in his oeuvre as a whole, including his halakhic, kabbalistic, exegetical, and philosophical output. A close examination of Naḥmanides’s kabbalistic commentary to a talmudic sugiya concerning the differences between oaths and vows uncovers the austere and ascetic ethos in his teaching and its central place in his religious world. This perspective is linked to the nature of human beings and the human soul, the relationship between body and psyche, the meaning of life and the overcoming of death, and the status of the Torah and the connection between observance of the commandments and the voluntary hasidic ethos.
Root growth potential and seedling growth of kamagong (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) influenced by root pruning
Authors: Yabes Milbrenne D. , Alfonso Gerryc P. , Carandang Vida Q. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quality seedlings are vital to the success of any reforestation project. This can be attained and improved by employing nursery management practices like root pruning. This study was carried out to determine the effect of root pruning on root growth potential and growth of kamagong seedlings. Three-month-old seedlings were obtained from the Learning Laboratory for Forestry and Agroforestry, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines – Los Baños, where treatments non-root pruned and root pruned were applied to seedlings repotted in larger polybags. After 80 days, root pruning did not significantly affect height and root collar diameter growth. Shoot dry mass, root collar diameter, root length, total tree dry mass, sturdiness quotient, seedling mortality were consistent in between treatments. Non-root pruned seedlings yielded significantly higher root volume and root dry mass while root pruned seedlings have significantly higher shoot height, root: shoot ratio, and seedling quality index. Attainment of moderate Root Growth Potential (RGP) based on root length and root volume was influenced by root pruning. Expressions of RGP were positively and significantly correlated to root dry mass, sturdiness quotient and seedling quality index. In conclusion, root pruning of this critically endangered species increases its quality as planting stock.
Opium Detoxification Places in Guangzhou (1839–1952)
Authors: Paulès Xavier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article deals with the various kinds of official agencies devoted to the treatment of opium smokers in Guangzhou between 1839 and 1952. Their role in the anti-opium campaigns varied greatly, the general trend being: when the local authorities committed themselves to the immediate or rapid suppression of opium, detoxification places were either of secondary importance (1839–1840, 1950–1952) or even absent (1912–1913). On the other hand, when the authorities decided to use gradual methods to combat drug addiction (1906–1911, 1936–1937), they played a much greater role. As to their internal organization, a process of medicalization was clearly underway, and they became genuine “clinics” from the early twentieth century on. Therapies inspired by Western medicine rapidly replaced traditional Chinese remedies. The opium clinics of the 1930s testify to the affirmation of a new political ideology targeting the mobilization of the population and the enhancement of its physical and moral standards (in the same line as the New Life movement).
CMIP6 Intermodel Spread in Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Tropical Climate Response to Greenhouse Warming: Extratropical Ocean Effects
Authors: Geng Yu-Fan , Xie Shang-Ping , Zheng Xiao-Tong , Long Shang-Min , Kang Sarah M. , Lin Xiaopei , Song Zi-Han 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tropical climate response to greenhouse warming is to first order symmetric about the equator but climate models disagree on the degree of latitudinal asymmetry of the tropical change. Intermodel spread in equatorial asymmetry of tropical climate response is investigated by using 37 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In the simple simulation with CO2 increase at 1% per year but without aerosol forcing, this study finds that intermodel spread in tropical asymmetry is tied to that in the extratropical surface heat flux change related to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and Southern Ocean sea ice concentration (SIC). AMOC or Southern Ocean SIC change alters net energy flux at the top of the atmosphere and sea surface in one hemisphere and may induce interhemispheric atmospheric energy transport. The negative feedback of the shallow meridional overturning circulation in the tropics and the positive low cloud feedback in the subtropics are also identified. Our results suggest that reducing the intermodel spread in extratropical change can improve the reliability of tropical climate projections.
Radiographic and Clinical Predictors of Therapeutic Pelvic Angiography
Authors: Filiberto Dina M , Toth Chase , Afzal Muhammad O , Byerly Saskya , Lenart Emily K , Kerwin Andrew J , Croce Martin A , Magnotti Louis J 
Published: April 2022

Background Pelvic fractures are often complicated by hemorrhage contributing to morbidity and mortality. Management of these patients is multifaceted and computed tomography (CT) imaging plays an integral diagnostic role. The purpose of this study was to identify radiographic and clinical predictors of therapeutic angiography in patients with blunt pelvic fractures. Methods All patients with blunt pelvic fractures who underwent angiography following admission CT scan were identified over a 6-year period. A radiologist reviewed the CT scans to identify potential predictors of pelvic hemorrhage. Patients were stratified by intervention [therapeutic angiography (TA) vs non-therapeutic angiography (NTA)] and compared. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was performed to determine independent predictors of TA. Youden’s index was used to identify the optimal value of selected predictors identified on MLR. Results 177 patients were identified: 42% underwent TA and 58% underwent NTA. Patients undergoing TA were more likely to have a higher injury burden and greater resuscitative transfusion requirements, display both a brighter blush density on arterial phase CT and a larger % change in arterial to venous phase blush density. The optimal arterial blush density was determined to be 250 HU. MLR identified pre-angiography transfusion requirements (OR 1.175; 95% CI 1.054-1.311, P = .0189) and arterial blush density (OR 1.011; 95% CI 1.005-1.016, P < .0001) as independent predictors of therapeutic angiography. Conclusion CT imaging remains vital in assessing patients with pelvic fractures and associated hemorrhage following blunt trauma. For patients requiring multiple resuscitative transfusions with CT findings of an arterial blush measuring ≥250 HU, early angiography should be the preferred approach.
Immaturity of Oculomotor Capabilities During a Reading Task in Children Born Prematurely: An Eye Tracker Study
Authors: Bucci Maria Pia , Caldani Simona , Boutillier Béatrice , Frérot Alice , Farnoux Caroline , Virlouvet Anne-Laure , Rideau-Batista-Novais Aline , Trousson Clémence , Biran Valerie 
Published: April 2022

To our knowledge, there are no studies recording the reading eye movements of children born prematurely. We examined the oculomotor patterns during reading of 23 children born prematurely ( M age = 7.8, SD = 0.2 years) to compare them with those from two groups of children born at full-term who were matched for chronological age or reading age, respectively. We found the oculomotor reading pattern in children who were preterm to be similar to that of children who were full-term and matched for reading age; this shared pattern was characterized by longer duration of fixations, frequent prosaccades of smaller amplitude and several backward saccades. In contrast, when these two groups were compared to full-term children matched for chronological age, the latter group showed significantly shorter duration of fixations, less frequent saccades and larger amplitude prosaccades. Thus, the oculomotor pattern we observed in 7-year-old children who were either preterm or reading-delayed, relative to their age-matched peers, reflected delayed development of brain areas involved in reading-related eye movements.
Cognitive Calisthenics: Pre-lecture Cognitive Exercise Boosts Learning
Authors: White Holly A. , Highfill Lauren , Johnston Lily C. , Kalimi Aravinda 
Published: April 2022

Background Attentiveness during class is critical for learning. Teachers have strategies to promote active engagement and active learning, yet little control over students’ baseline level of alertness and focus upon arriving to class. Objective To evaluate the effect of pre-lecture cognitive exercise on attention and learning in lectures. Method In Experiment 1, college students ( n = 28) in Introductory Psychology participated in a brief battery of complex cancellation tasks prior to a subset of lectures. Effectiveness measures included course exams and post-study student surveys. Experiment 2 replicated the first in a subsequent class ( n = 35) with the same instructor and the addition of post-lecture quizzes. Results In both experiments, students performed higher on exam content from post-exercise lectures relative to control lectures. No effect was observed on post-lecture quizzes. On post-study surveys, students reported improved attentiveness to lecture after cognitive calisthenics. Conclusion Pre-lecture cognitive activity appears to benefit student attention and learning in lectures. Teaching Implications With so many students arriving to class either distracted or sleepy, the inclusion of a brief pre-lecture cognitive exercise program may be an engaging and effective method for optimizing student attentiveness and learning in lecture-based courses.
BRCA1 expression associated with the prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy for stage II–IV non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Zhenhua , Xiong Gang 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To explore the relationship between breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) expression and the prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy for stage II–IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 2021, for retrieving literature related to BRCA1 expression and prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Stata 15.0 was employed for statistical analysis. Results A total of 15 articles were included. Compared with the low BRCA1 expression, its high expression negatively affected the overall survival of NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.31, P < 0.05). No significant difference was identified in the effect of both low and high BRCA1 expression on event-free survival (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.98–3.05, P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that significant differences existed in overall survival and event-free survival in Caucasian population; that is, compared with low BRCA1 expression, its high expression negatively affected the overall survival (HR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.15–2.79, P < 0.05) and event-free survival (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.43–3.97, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in overall survival and event-free survival in China. Conclusion BRCA1 expression is correlated with the prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy for stage II–IV NSCLC patients. In Caucasian population, compared with low BRCA1 expression, its high expression has a negative effect on the overall survival and event-free survival in stage II–IV NSCLC patients after platinum-based chemotherapy; however, this correlation was not found in China.