bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the possible role of the Central Paratethys as a migration route and speciation area of the ancestors of Mediterranean Larroussius, Paraphlebotomus and Phlebotomus species
Authors: Trájer Attila J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Oligocene and Miocene tectonic and biogeographical alterations of the peri-Mediterranean area could strongly impact the speciation processes and migrations of Mediterranean sandfly species. To understand the possible former role of this palaeobiogeographic factor on ancestral sandfly species, the potential suitability values of fiveLarroussius, twoParaphlebotomusand onePhlebotomusspecies were modelled from the Rupelian to the Tortonian stage in the Central Paratethys. The bioclimatic extrema of this sandfly species and the Coexistence Approach-based palaeoclimatic reconstructions made the basis of hypothesis testing. In the case of the Tortonian stage, a georeferenced climatic model was created. The models indicate that the suitability values could notably vary by species and periods. The monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate of the Oligocene epoch could be less suitable for the ancestors of Mediterranean sandfly taxa than the later, drier humid subtropical climates-characterised Miocene stages. The Central Paratethys area could be less suitable for ancestors of the extantParaphlebotomus, andPhlebotomusin the Miocene epoch compared toLarroussiusspecies. It may indicate that the Central Paratethys formed a barrier against the east-to-west migration of the ancestors ofPhlebotomusandParaphlebotomusspecies.In contrast,Larroussiusspecies could prefer the Miocene climate of the Central Paratethys. In the Tortonian stage, mainly the coastal areas of the sea could be colonised by sandflies. These results indicate that the coasts of the Central Paratethys should be not only considered as a potential former migration route but could be a part of the speciation area ofLarroussiussandflies.
Modification of YSZ fiber composites by Al2TiO5 fibers for high thermal shock resistance
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Yongshuai , Deng Zhezhe , Peng Ying , Dong Jianhong , Zhu Ze , Ma Dehua , Zhu Luyi , Zhang Guanghui , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractYttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fiber composites are highly efficient thermal insulating materials; however, the poor thermal shock resistance limits their versatile applications. In the present study, YSZ fiber was mixed directly with Al2TiO5 fiber, which had an extremely low thermal expansion coefficient, to prepare YSZ−Al2TiO5(ZAT) fiber composites by compression molding and heat treatment. The minimum thermal expansion coefficient of the prepared ZAT fiber composites was measured to be 7.74×10−6K−1, which was 26% lower than that of the YSZ fiber composites (10.42×10−6K−1). It was shown that the prepared ZAT fiber composites maintain the integrity after undergoing 51 thermal shock cycles between 1100 °C and room temperature. Whereas, YSZ fiber composites burst immediately after only one thermal shock cycle under the same condition. In addition, the ZAT fiber composites also exhibit considerable mechanical and thermal insulating performance.
Laser-Derived Interfacial Confinement Enables Planar Growth of 2D SnS2 on Graphene for High-Flux Electron/Ion Bridging in Sodium Storage
Authors: Xu Xiaosa , Xu Fei , Zhang Xiuhai , Qu Changzhen , Zhang Jinbo , Qiu Yuqian , Zhuang Rong , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEstablishing covalent heterointerfaces with face-to-face contact is promising for advanced energy storage, while challenge remains on how to inhibit the anisotropic growth of nucleated crystals on the matrix. Herein, face-to-face covalent bridging in-between the 2D-nanosheets/graphene heterostructure is constructed by intentionally prebonding of laser-manufactured amorphous and metastable nanoparticles on graphene, where the amorphous nanoparticles were designed via the competitive oxidation of Sn-O and Sn-S bonds, and metastable feature was employed to facilitate the formation of the C-S-Sn covalent bonding in-between the heterostructure. The face-to-face bridging of ultrathin SnS2 nanosheets on graphene enables the heterostructure huge covalent coupling area and high loading and thus renders unimpeded electron/ion transfer pathways and indestructible electrode structure, and impressive reversible capacity and rate capability for sodium-ion batteries, which rank among the top in records of the SnS2-based anodes. Present work thus provides an alternative of constructing heterostructures with planar interfaces for electrochemical energy storage and even beyond.
A Modified Procedure to Diagnose Erectile Dysfunction Using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-6) Combined With the Premature Ejaculation Diagnosis Tool (PEDT) via an Internet Survey
Authors: Wang Chunlin , Zhang Hui , Liu Zhuojie , Tu Xuchong , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The reliability of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) in diagnosing erectile dysfunction (ED) is significantly decreased for the population with premature ejaculation (PE).

Aim
We aimed to illustrate a better way of diagnosing ED among the general population through a web survey study.

Methods
We collected online surveys from 2,746 men between the ages of 18 and 65. Two methods were used to determine the prevalence of ED, and these 2 methods were compared. Additionally, we divided our sample into 2 equally sized groups by median age and repeated the analyses for each group. In Method Ⅰ (M Ⅰ), men with an IIEF-5 score ≤ 21 were diagnosed with ED. In Method Ⅱ (M Ⅱ), PE was defined as a PEDT score ≥ 9, and no-PE was defined as a PEDT score ≤ 8. We used an IIEF-6 score cutoff of ≤ 24 among the PE population and a cutoff of ≤ 25 among the no-PE population to diagnose ED.

Main outcome measures
We examined the results from the IIEF-5, PEDT, and IIEF-6.

Results
Of the 2,746 men, 1,540 were in a stable heterosexual relationship, and the prevalence of ED among these men was determined. The prevalence of ED, as measured by Method Ⅰ, was significantly higher than that measured by Method Ⅱ. The kappa coefficients between the 2 methods were 0.595, 0.704, and 0.430 for the overall, no-PE, and PE populations, respectively. The internal consistency of the IIEF-5 for the PE population increased if Question 5 (intercourse satisfaction) was removed. Similar trends were observed for the groups, and there were no substantial differences.

Clinical implications
Our research suggests that before using the erectile function assessment scale to evaluate erectile function, ejaculatory function should be assessed with the PEDT.

Strengths and limitations
This was the first study to highlight the importance of evaluating ejaculatory function using the PEDT before diagnosing ED via an internet survey. There may have been recruitment bias because our study was an internet survey.

Conclusion
Establishing the prevalence of ED by using a combination of the IIEF-6 and PEDT was more reliable than using the IIEF-5 alone. Further validation of the modified procedure, especially regarding the effects of age on the results, in future studies is required.
An integrated approach to improve clinical trial efficiency: Linking a clinical trial management system into the Research Integrated Network of Systems
Authors: Sampson Royce , Shapiro Steve , He Wenjun , Denmark Signe , Kirchoff Katie , Hutson Kyle , Paranal Rechelle , Forney Leila , McGhee Kimberly , Harvey Jillian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Low-accruing clinical trials delay translation of research breakthroughs into the clinic, expose participants to risk without providing meaningful clinical insight, increase the cost of therapies, and waste limited resources. By tracking patient accrual, Clinical and Translational Science Awards hubs can identify at-risk studies and provide them the support needed to reach recruitment goals and maintain financial solvency. However, tracking accrual has proved challenging because relevant patient- and protocol-level data often reside in siloed systems. To address this fragmentation, in September 2020 the South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina, implemented a clinical trial management system (CTMS), with its access to patient-level data, and incorporated it into its Research Integrated Network of Systems (RINS), which links study-level data across disparate systems relevant to clinical research. Within the first year of CTMS implementation, 324 protocols were funneled through CTMS/RINS, with more than 2600 participants enrolled. Integrated data from CTMS/RINS have enabled near-real-time assessment of patient accrual and accelerated reimbursement from industry sponsors. For institutions with bioinformatics or programming capacity, the CTMS/RINS integration provides a powerful model for tracking and improving clinical trial efficiency, compliance, and cost-effectiveness.
Coalition Mood in European Parliamentary Democracies
Authors: Imre Michael , Ecker Alejandro , Meyer Thomas M. , Müller Wolfgang C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe success and longevity of coalition governments depends on the ability to keep conflicts between coalition members at bay. The risk of such conflicts is often assessed by drawing on proxy measures, such as the ideological heterogeneity among government parties. This article presents a new approach to measuring the atmosphere between government parties. The ‘coalition mood’ is a time-varying measure that draws on applause patterns between coalition partners during legislative debates. The article exemplifies the measurement approach based on automated analyses of over 105,000 plenary debates in Germany and Austria. The article then assesses the measure's face, concurrent and predictive validity. It finds the measure well aligned with qualitative evidence, shows that the coalition mood is correlated with poll ratings of the government parties and helps to predict the duration of legislative processes. The conclusion highlights future applications of the coalition mood for research on coalition politics and public policy.
Putting Neoliberalism in a Place: A Memory Site, Urban Restructuring, and Property’s Entanglements in Chile
Authors: Murphy Edward 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes a housing project in Santiago, Chile that now lies in ruins and has become a contested memory site. The project was once an ambitious, modernist project that housed former squatters during Salvador Allende’s socialist presidency (1970–1973) and its demise has subsequently become emblematic of the violent processes of neoliberal urban restructuring that marked the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990). Yet efforts to memorialize the site also contain within them certain silences and elisions, gaps which can help to reveal the complex, embedded nature of liberal property relations in Chile. These relations underscore certain dynamics through which squatters have historically been able to gain housing rights and a foothold in the city. They also provide a key location through which to better understand the specific contours of neoliberalism’s trajectory, including its haunted forms of ruination, its points of tension, its limits, and the making of its counterpublics.
Potential role of salivary cortisol levels to reflect stress response in children undergoing congenital heart surgery
Authors: Taşar Serçin , Dikmen Nur , Bulut İsmail , Haskılıç Yunus Emre , Saç Rukiye Ünsal , Şenes Mehmet , Taşar Medine Ayşin , Taşar Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAim:This study aimed to provide baseline information on the potential role of salivary cortisol in reflecting the stress response in children undergoing congenital heart surgery.Patients and methods:Children underwent congenital cardiac surgery, aged between one and seventeen years were included. Saliva samples were collected pre- and postoperatively by the health caregiver immediately after the children woke up (07:00–09:00 am) and at 06:00 pm in the evening. Salivary cortisol levels were compared with the reference index values from a large database.Results:Median baseline preoperative morning salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower than the reference values in both < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and males (p = 0.04) and in males between 11 and 20 years of age (p = 0.01). Median baseline preoperative evening salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher than the reference value in < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and between 5 and 10 years of age (p = 0.04) and in between 11- and20-year-old males (p = 0.01). Median postoperative morning salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower than the reference value in both < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and males (p = 0.04) and females between 5 and 10 year of age (p = 0.04). Median postoperative evening salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher than the reference value in < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and between 5- and 10-year-old females (p = 0.04).Conclusion:Diurnal variability of salivary cortisol levels in children undergoing congenital heart surgery may be different from normal reference values both in preoperative and postoperative periods that can be a predictive indicator of anxiety on pre- and postoperative period for children that undergoing cardiac surgery.
Research programmes arising from ‘Oumuamua considered as an alien craft
Authors: Elvis Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe controversial hypothesis that ‘Oumuamua (1I/2017 U1) was an alien craft dominated by a solar sail is considered using known physics for the two possible cases: controlled and uncontrolled flight. The reliability engineering challenges for an artefact designed to operate for ~105–106 year are also considerable. All three areas generate research programmes going forward. The uncontrolled case could be either ‘anonymous METI’ (messaging extraterrestrial intelligence) or ‘inadvertent METI’. In the controlled case the nature of the origin star, trajectory guidance from the origin star to the Sun, and the identity of a destination star are all undecided. The ‘controlled’ case has more strikes against it than the ‘uncontrolled’ case, but neither suffers a knock-out blow, as yet. Some of the issues turn out not to be major obstacles to the alien craft hypothesis, but others weaken the case for it. Most, however, imply new studies. Some of these, e.g. intercept missions for new interstellar objects, are concepts being developed, and will be of value whatever these objects turn out to be. Overall, these considerations show that a many-pronged, targeted, research programme can be built around the hypothesis that ‘Oumuamua is an alien craft. The considerations presented here can also be applied to other interstellar visitors, as well as to general discussions of interstellar travel.
REDUCTIONS OF -DIMENSIONAL SEMISTABLE REPRESENTATIONS WITH LARGE -INVARIANT
Authors: Bergdall John , Levin Brandon , Liu Tong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe determine reductions of
$2$
-dimensional, irreducible, semistable, and non-crystalline representations of
$\mathrm {Gal}\left (\overline {\mathbb {Q}}_p/\mathbb {Q}_p\right )$
with Hodge–Tate weights
$0 < k-1$
and with
$\mathcal L$
-invariant whose p-adic norm is sufficiently large, depending on k. Our main result provides the first systematic examples of the reductions for
$k \geq p$
.
On the Importance of Using Event‐Specific Wave Diffusion Rates in Modeling Diffuse Electron Precipitation
Authors: Yu Yiqun , Hosokawa Keisuke , Ni Binbin , Jordanova Vania K. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Cao Jinbin , Tian Xingbin , Ma Longxing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA few to tens of keV electron precipitation that carries substantial energy source down to the upper atmosphere to create aurora is manifested as an important magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. The precipitation is usually caused by scattering processes associated with plasma waves in the magnetosphere. The scattering process is often quantified by wave diffusion rates that indicate how fast an electron is scattered. Global models commonly use diffusion coefficients that are derived from statistical wave models. However, due to the statistical nature, many localized, transient features could be smeared out. In this study, we investigate electron precipitation using event‐specific diffusion coefficients that are obtained based on simultaneous in‐situ measured/inferred, rather than statistical, chorus wave dynamics. We find that the application of the event‐specific diffusion coefficients associated with a more dynamic and intense chorus wave model leads more electrons, particularly at several to tens of keV in the dawn‐to‐noon sector at L > 3, to precipitate than using statistical coefficients. The new simulation roughly captures both the intensity and variability of the precipitating flux as detected by the NOAA/POES satellites. Ionospheric electron density in the lower E region (100–120 km) observed by the mid‐latitude Millstone Hill radar is also much better reproduced, while the case using statistical diffusion coefficients underestimates the ionization rate. This study implies the importance of using event‐specific diffusion rates in simulating the diffuse electron precipitation and understanding the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
Long‐Term Weakening Processes and Short‐Term Seismic Slip Behavior of an Intraplate Mature Fault Zone: A Case Study of the Yangsan Fault, SE Korea
Authors: Kim Chang‐Min , Cheon Youngbeom , Lee Tae‐Ho , Choi Jin‐Hyuck , Ha Sangmin , Jeong Jong Ok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn intraplate tectonic fault evolves with repeated seismic cycles that may exhibit multi‐mode slip behaviors (continuous aseismic sliding, slow slip with silent earthquakes, and earthquakes resulting from stick‐slip frictional instability). Here, we show long‐term (geological time scale) fault zone weakening processes and short‐term (seismic cycle scale) fault behavior of the Yangsan Fault, SE Korea, based on structural and mineralogical observations of an across‐strike fault zone sequence retrieved by inclined borehole drilling. Since the Late Cretaceous, physical and chemical weakening processes have formed a wide and complex fault zone characterized by interconnected clay‐rich fault core strands and fractured lenses. The deformation is more concentrated in the eastern block (Cretaceous sedimentary rock with felsic dikes) of the fault zone than in the western block (Paleogene granite) of the fault zone. The asymmetrical deformation pattern is controlled by the distinct properties of the different host rocks and differential fluid‐assisted reaction softening involving hydrothermal processes. Of the five main strands and numerous subsidiary strands in the wide fault zone, strand S1 between the sedimentary rock and granite has accommodated the largest displacements. In particular, the smectite‐rich, <2‐cm‐wide principal slip zone within S1 has acted as the major pathway for past seismic slip. Our findings consider that slow deformation in the sedimentary rocks formed the asymmetrical wide fault zone over long geological time, whereas that the preferential propagation of repeated seismic slip events propagated preferentially along the narrow principal slip zone of S1.
Revealing the Circulation Pattern Most Conducive to Precipitation Extremes in Henan Province of North China
Authors: Zhang Sihan , Chen Yangruixue , Luo Yali , Liu Bo , Ren Guoyu , Zhou Tianjun , Martinez‐Villalobos Cristian , Chang Meiyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo catastrophic extreme precipitation events in July 2021 and August 1975 caused tremendous damages and deaths in Henan, one of the most populated provinces in China. Revealing the relationship between large‐scale circulation patterns and precipitation extremes is vital for understanding the physical mechanisms and providing potential value for improving prediction and hence reducing impacts. Here, nine large‐scale circulation patterns are identified for July–August using the self‐organizing map. We find daily precipitation extremes under the fifth pattern (P5), characterized with the strongest easterly wind anomalies in Henan, feature the highest frequency and the largest intensity. Seven out of total 11 days in the two catastrophic extreme precipitation events belong to P5, and the top two maximum hourly precipitation extremes over continental China occurred under P5. The larger intensity of precipitation extremes is attributed to the dynamical contribution, suggesting more‐intense precipitation extremes under P5 are largely dominated by stronger ascending motions.
Left ventricular hypertrophy and incident cognitive decline in older adults with hypertension
Authors: Xu Ying , Bouliotis George , Beckett Nigel S. , Antikainen Riitta L. , Anderson Craig S. , Bulpitt Christopher J. , Peters Ruth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe association between raised blood pressure and increased risk of subsequent cognitive decline is well known. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as a marker of hypertensive target organ damage, may help identify those at risk of cognitive decline. We assessed whether LVH was associated with subsequent cognitive decline or dementia in hypertensive participants aged ≥80 years in the randomized, placebo-controlled Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial. LVH was assessed using 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) based on the Cornell Product (CP-LVH), Sokolow-Lyon (SL-LVH), and Cornell Voltage (CV-LVH) criteria. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function at baseline and annually. A fall in MMSE to <24 or an annual fall of >3 points were defined as cognitive decline and triggered dementia screening (Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV). Death was defined as a competing event. Fine-Gray regression models were used to examine the relationship between baseline LVH and cognitive outcomes. There were 2645 in the analytical sample, including 201 (7.6%) with CP-LVH, 225 (8.5%) SL-LVH and 251 (9.5%) CV-LVH. CP-LVH was associated with increased risk of cognitive decline, subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR)1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.67) in multivariate analyses. SL-LVH and CV-LVH were not associated with cognitive decline (sHR1.06 (95% CI 0.82–1.37) and sHR1.13 (95% CI 0.89–1.43), respectively). LVH was not associated with dementia. LVH may be related to subsequent cognitive decline, but evidence was inconsistent depending on ECG criterion and there were no associations with incident dementia. Additional work is needed to understand the relationships between blood pressure, LVH assessment and cognition.
Extremely premature infants born at 23–25 weeks gestation are at substantial risk for pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sallmon Hannes , Koestenberger Martin , Avian Alexander , Reiterer Friedrich , Schwaberger Bernhard , Meinel Katharina , Cvirn Gerhard , Kurath-Koller Stefan , Gamillscheg Andreas , Hansmann Georg 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) represent an especially vulnerable population. Herein, we aimed to determine incidence and severity of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD-PH) in extremely immature ELGANs (gestational age: 230/6–256/7 weeks).

Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study, we assessed BPD-PH by means of several echocardiography markers and serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels at 3 and 12 months of chronological age. In addition, we analyzed incidence and efficacy of pharmacologic treatment for BPD-PH.

Results
At 3 months 15/34 ELGANs had echocardiographic evidence of BPD-PH, while at 12 months of age 6/34 still had PH. PH-targeted therapy consisted of sildenafil monotherapy in 11 and dual oral combination therapy (sildenafil and macitentan) in four ELGANs at 3 and 12 months.

Conclusion
44% (15/34) of ELGANs developed BPD-PH. All received PH-targeted pharmacotherapy at 3 months, leading to hemodynamic improvements at 12 months in most infants.