bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Self-Efficacy Beliefs of University English Instructors on their Pedagogy
Authors: Hasan Zahir 
Published: December 2022

This research study examines teaching beliefs of English-language instructors in Japan, and how their pedagogy is influenced by those beliefs. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) research design was used. Seven English-language instructors employed full-time in universities in Tokyo prefecture of Japan participated in this study. Social Cognitive Theory was used as the theoretical framework. It was observed that each instructor’s beliefs interacted in a complex manner within the higher education system in Japan, which impacted instructors’ teaching practices. This study demonstrated that language instructors’ self-efficacy (LTSE) beliefs are intrinsically related to their pedagogy. It revealed a complex relationship between what instructors think and what they may do in class. Findings of this study suggest that English Language instructors’ beliefs are key to their decision-making. In addition, the findings will provide valuable implications for ways to better understand the impact that personal beliefs of instructors have on curriculum and learning. Finally, it has implications for professional education programs for teachers and brings attention to potential research directions for scholars.
EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Achievement and Autonomy: Using Memrise Mobile Application
Authors: Zohoorian Zahra , Noorbakhsh Masoud , Zeraatpisheh Mitra 
Published: December 2022

There has been rapid advancement in the use of technology through which an extensive array of mobile technologies have been introduced to educational contexts. In the same vein, mobile assisted language learning provides new possibilities for improving language learning conditions. The current study was an attempt to find out the effect of Memrise Mobile Application on Iranian upper-Intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary achievement and their autonomy. To find the effects, a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted. Fifty participants were selected from a cluster of 110 students. The Quick placement test as a test of homogeneity was administered to select the upper intermediate learners. Accordingly, 25 participants for each of the experimental and control groups were selected. Memrise Mobile Application was employed during the treatment period for teaching the 504 Absolutely Essential Words book to the experimental group while the control group was instructed the textbook of 504 Absolutely Essential Words. The intervention continued for a period of 8 weeks. A researcher-made vocabulary test and Zhang and Li’s (2004) standardized questionnaire on autonomy were administered. For the qualitative data collection, a semi-structured interview was conducted to determine the participants’ attitudes. An Independent T-test was run the results of which revealed a significant difference between the two groups in vocabulary achievement. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in autonomy. Moreover, based on the qualitative data it was concluded that the experimental group participants were more motivated holding a more positive attitude.
Evaluation of multiple bias correction methods with different satellite rainfall products in the Main Beles Watershed, Upper Blue Nile (Abbay) Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Nigussie Asmare Belay , Tenfie Hailu Wondmageghu , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Endalew Andualem , Wudiye Genet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the utility of satellite-based rainfall products and the performance of bias correction methods in one of the sub-basins of the Upper Blue Nile Basin (Main Beles basin). Four satellite rainfall products are used: Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7 (TMPA 3B42V7), and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The performance of the satellite rainfall products (SRPs) was compared using three bias correction methods (Delta, Empirical Quantile Mapping (EQM), and Quantile Mapping (QM)) on five metrological stations. Six statistical criteria were used to evaluate these methods on the period 2003–2016 at daily and monthly scales. The results showed that SRPs and bias correction methods of CMORPH_QM (r = 0.538) and TMPA_3B42V7_EQM (r = 0.95) data showed good performance, while PERSIANN_EQM (r = 0.348) and PERSIANN_Delta (r = 0.83) performed worst at daily and monthly time scales, respectively. This study assessed the importance of SRPs and bias correction methods to use in data scarce regions for water resources planning and other related sectors.
Intrahepatic Splenosis: A Rare Case
Authors: Nalbant Mustafa Orhan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Splenosis refers to the autotransplantation of splenic tissue in a heterotopic location throughout different anatomic compartments, such as the peritoneal and pelvic cavities and even the thoracic cavity. Intrahepatic splenosis is very rare and usually mistaken for a neoplasm. The lack of typical radiological features makes it difficult to distinguish splenosis from liver tumors.

Case Report:
A 33-year-old female patient presented with post-traumatic splenectomy and had a history of recurrent surgery afterward. There were no significant findings in the physical examination or lab values. Imaging findings were non-specific, with nodular lesions in the liver and scattered in the abdomen. Due to the patient’s history, splenosis was considered in the differential diagnosis, and finally, scintigraphy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis, so unnecessary surgery was avoided.

Discussion:
Splenosis is the implantation of splenic tissue after an elective or traumatic splenic rupture. US imaging indicates a hypoechoic to isoechoic mass. Low signal intensity on T1 and iso-to-high signal intensity on T2-weighted images are common MRI findings of splenosis. The arterial phase of spleen implantation is varied. Delayed phase signal intensity is usually less than the liver parenchyma. The spleen has the lowest ADC value and the most restricted diffusion of all the intra-abdominal organs.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, splenosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with a history of spleen surgery or abdominal trauma. It should correlate with the clinical history.
Incidental Diagnosis of Ovarian Torsion Due to a Krukenberg Tumor
Originating from Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Hong Jung Joo , Park Sung Bin , Kim Mi Kyung , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Eun Sun 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Benign lesions cause ovarian torsion more commonly than malignant ovarian
tumors. Further, Krukenberg tumors have rarely been reported to cause ovarian torsion.

Case Presentation:
Herein, we present the case of a patient with an incidentally discovered ovarian
mass, which was finally diagnosed as a Krukenberg tumor accompanying ovarian torsion with primary
stomach cancer. We further review the clinical, imaging, and histological features of Krukenberg tumors.

Conclusion:
Radiologists should be aware of Krukenberg tumors that may present with ovarian torsion.
Empirical Study on Detecting COVID-19 in Chest X-ray Images using
Deep Learning-Based Methods
Authors: Babaeipour Ramtin , Azizi Elham , Abdoli Hatam , Khotanlou Hassan 
Published: December 2022

Aims:
COVID-19 is a widespread infectious disease that affects millions of people
worldwide. On account of the alarming rate of the spread of COVID-19, scientists are looking for
new strategies for the diagnosis of this disease. X-rays are much more affordable and widely available
compared to CT screening. The PCR testing process is time-consuming and experiences false
negative rates, these traditional medical imaging modalities play a vital role in the control of the
pandemic. In this paper, we have developed and examined different CNN models to identify the
best method for diaognosing this disease.

Background and Objective:
The efforts of providing testing kits have increased due to the transmission
of COVID 19. The preparation of these kits are complicated, rare, and expensive moreover,
the difficulty of using them is another issue. The results have shown that the testing kits take
crucial time to diagnose the virus, in addition to the fact that they have a 30 % loss rate.

Methods:
In this article, we have studied the usage of ubiquitous X-ray imaging, for the classification
of COVID-19 chest images, using existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Different
CNN architectures, including VGG19, Densnet-121, and Xception are applied to train the network
by chest X-rays of infected patients but not the infected ones.

Results:
After applying these methods the results showed different accuracies but were more precise
than the state-of-the-art models. The DenseNet-121 network obtained 97% accuracy, 98% precision,
and 96% F1 score.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 is a widespread infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide.
On account of the alarming rate of the spread of COVID-19 scientists are looking for new
strategies for the diagnosis of this disease. In this article, we have examined the performance of
different CNN models to identify the best method for the classification of this disease. The VGG
19 method showed 93 % accuracy.
Assessment of Drug Usage Pattern among Bronchial Asthma Patients in a
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Tamilnadu: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Paneerselvam Kala , Belur Kiran , Raveendran Jamuna Rani 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small airways. Chronic
inflammation often causes hyper responsiveness of airways with wheezing, breathing difficulty,
cough and chest tightness.

Objective:
The present study aimed to evaluate the drug usage pattern of anti-asthma drugs among
asthma patients.

Methods:
The present study was a prospective, observational cross-sectional study carried out
among 422 outpatients being treated at the respiratory medicine department, SRM Medical College
Hospital and Research Centre. Data regarding the prescribing indicators and patient indicators
were collected from the patients’ prescription slips and entered in the preformed proforma. Prescribing
indicators were taken into consideration in evaluating the rationality of prescriptions.

Results:
In the present study, 49% of patients were between the age group of 20-40 years. Genderwise
distribution showed 58.05% of males and 41.95% of females. A family history of asthma was
seen in 68% of the study population. The present study reported smoking among 51% and tobacco
chewing in 21% of the study population. Low economic strata were observed in 77.9% of the study
population. According to asthma grading, 65.8% were in the mild intermittent, and 25% were in
the mild persistent group. Patients were on β2 agonists (35.4%) and corticosteroids (32%). The
most commonly used fixed drug combination was a short-acting β2 agonist with corticosteroid
(40.5%). A total of 68% of drugs were used by the inhalational route and 29% by the oral route.

Conclusion:
The findings showed that, the most frequently prescribed drug was a short-acting β2
agonist with corticosteroid in a fixed-dose combination via inhalational route.
Bioinformatics Study of the DNA and RNA Viruses Infecting Plants and
Bacteria that Could Potentially Affect Animals and Humans
Authors: Polanco Carlos , Uversky Vladimir N. , Huberman Alberto , Vargas-Alarcon Gilberto , Buhse Thomas , Marquez Manlio F. , Hernández-Lemus Enrique 
Published: December 2022

Background:
From the existing knowledge of viruses, those infecting plants and bacteria and affecting animals are particularly interesting. This is because such viruses have an ability to vertically transmit to other species, including humans, and therefore could represent a public health issue of significant proportions.

Objective:
This study aims to bioinformatically characterize the proteins from the DNA and RNA viruses capable of infecting plants and bacteria, and affecting animals, of which there is some evidence of contact with human beings. It follows up on our previous Polanco et al., [1] “Characterization of Proteins from Putative Human DNA and RNA Viruses. Current Proteomics, 2022 19(1), 65-82 DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210212123850”.

Methods:
The Polarity Index Method profile (PIM), intrinsic disorder predisposition (IDPD) profiles, and a Markov chains analysis of three DNA-viruses protein sequences and four RNA-viruses protein sequences that infect plants and bacteria and affect animals, extracted from the UniProt database, were calculated using a set of in-house computational programs.

Results:
Computational runs carried out in this work reveal relevant regularities at the level of the viral proteins' charge/polarity and IDPD profiles. These results enable the re-creation of the taxonomy known for the DNA- and RNA-virus protein sequences. In addition, an analysis of the entire set of proteins qualified as "reviewed" in the UniProt database was carried out for each protein viral group to discover proteins with similar PIM profiles. A significant number of proteins with such charge/polarity profiles were found.

Conclusion:
The bioinformatics results obtained at the level of the amino acid sequences, generated important information that contributes to the understanding of these protein groups.
Patented Keratinolytic Enzymes for Industrial Application: An
Overview
Authors: Anna Shestakova , Veronika Lyamina , Svetlana Timorshina , Alexander Osmolovskiy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Proteases that perform keratin hydrolysis (keratinases) have great potential in
biotechnology. After investigation, the next step to an industrial application is protecting
intellectual property by patenting. There are many fields of discovered keratinase implementation
dictated by features of the molecule and its producer. This article provides an
overview of existing patents on keratinases. Among the patents found using terms related
to 'keratinase', only those that contain data on the structure and features of the enzyme to
provide a sufficient overview of the current situation are covered. It includes information
on publication timelines of patents, as well as their origin; features of cultivation process
and producers, such as fermentation type and pathogenicity; and features of enzymes,
such as their classes, pH, and temperature optima. This article summarizes information
about proprietary keratinases and reflects trends and dependencies in their production and
application development. It is also the first review of existing patents on keratinases, which
emphasizes the uniqueness and novelty of this article.
Recent Patents on Intervention Auxiliary Device of Tracheal Stent
Authors: Bao Yudong , Zhan Yang , Li Xu , Qu Shengqian 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The trachea is an essential part of the respiratory system. Lesions such as inflammatory granulomas cause Bronchial stenosis, which may be life-threatening. Tracheal stent placement is vital for treating airway stenosis, relieving dyspnea, and improving symptoms.

Objective:
This paper reviews the patents of tracheal stent placement and removal and auxiliary devices for diagnosis in recent years (from 2007 to the present) and introduces the characteristics and development of tracheal stent implantation, treatment, and assistive removal devices. In order to meet the need for more rapid operation and cause less harm to the human trachea, the structure of the tracheal stent surgical device needs to be improved continuously.

Methods:
This paper summarizes the research status of tracheal stent placement and removal and auxiliary devices for diagnosis and treatment in recent years and discusses the structural types and applications of tracheal stent auxiliary devices.

Results:
This paper summarizes the patent application of tracheal stent placement and removal and auxiliary devices for diagnosis and treatment at the present stage. This paper analyzes the main problems in its development and discusses the solutions to the problems and the future research direction.

Conclusion:
Tracheal stent surgical devices need further improvement in mechanical design, control strategy, etc. Tracheal stent surgical devices should be developed into universal, semi-automatic, and multi-functional machines. The relevant patents of the auxiliary device of the tracheal stent need to be developed.
CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genes Associated with Tricontinental and Latin
American Ancestry of Peruvians
Authors: Alvarado Angel T. , Saravia María , Losno Ricardo , Pariona Ricardo , María Muñoz Ana , Ybañez-Julca Roberto O. , Loja Berta , Bendezú María R. , García Jorge A. , Surco-Laos Felipe , Laos-Anchante Doris , Chávez Haydee , Aguilar Priscilia , Pineda Mario 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Precision medicine seeks to individualize the dose from the beginning of
pharmacological therapy based on the characteristics of each patient, genes involved in the
metabolic phenotype, ethnicity or miscegenation, with the purpose to minimize adverse effects
and optimize drug efficacy. The objective was to review studies that describe the association of
the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genes with the tricontinental and Latin American ancestry of
Peruvians. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline and SciELO, with various
descriptors in Spanish and English.

:
The results of this review confirm that the ethnic origin of Peruvians is tricontinental due to
European (mainly Spanish), African and Asian migration, in addition to Latin American migration,
being 60.2% mixed, 25.8% Amerindian, 5.9% white, 3.6% African descent, 1.2% Chinese and
Japanese descent, and 3.3% unspecified. Studies on CYP2C19*3, CYP2D6*2, *3 and *6 have been
reported in Peruvians, and the frequency is similar to that studied in Ecuadorians and Colombians.
The CYP2C19*3, CYP2D6*3, and CYP2D6*6 alleles found in Peruvians are common in
Europeans, Africans, and Asians; while CYP2D6*4 in Africans and CYP2D6*2 related to Asians.
In some studies, the ethnic/gene association has not been demonstrated; while others have shown
a significant association, which is why further investigation is warranted. It is concluded that the
studies on CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genes associated with the tricontinental and Latin American
ancestry of Peruvians are little, and according to what has been investigated, the CYP2C19*3,
CYP2D6*2, *3, *4 and *6 alleles have more related to their ancestry.
Mechapocalypse
Authors: Anthony Dominguez  
Published: December 2022

In 1988, Tomino Yoshiyuki released Char’s Counterattack, the filmic conclusion to the nine year saga he had begun with the original anime series, Mobile Suit Gundam (1979). Set in a distant and alternate future where war is fought in giant humanoid robots known as “mobile suits,” Char’s Counterattack centers on the final battle between the Democratic Earth Federation and the fascist Neo Zeon Empire. This essay examines Char’s Counterattack as its own watershed moment for the Gundam franchise wherein Gundam would begin to spin-off into multiple media and other franchises, including more anime and films, but also manga, toys, novels, and later video games, all of which would be exported throughout the world, giving rise to Gundam’s global popularity. In reading the explosion of the Gundam franchise alongside its roots in the genre of “real robot” anime, this essay postulates that the destruction of real robots in Char’s Counterattack allegorizes the concept of C ool Japan. In doing so, this essay traces the production and exportation of Gundam’s media to both East Asia in the 1980s and North America in the early aughts, thereby repositioning the pivotal role Char’s Counterattack plays in the growth of otaku culture alongside other works in the anime canon, such as Akira (1988) and Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995).
The Authority of Ulama towards Politics: The Role of Teungku, Tuan Guru and Kiai in Nation Below the Wind
Authors: M. Alkaf  , Muhammad Said  , Saiful Hakam  
Published: December 2022

This article discussed the relationship between ulama and politics in three types of elite Islamic leadership in Indonesia: Teungku in Aceh, Tuan guru in Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, and Kiai in Java. The research was organized based on the central questions; what was the political role of Teungku, Tuan guru, and Kiai, and what was their authority in the dynamics of local and national politics? This research used qualitative methods with an ethnographic approach. Data was collected through direct observation, interviews, review of written sources, and documentation data. This article found that Teungku, Tuan guru, and Kiai, in addition to being religious elites, also played the role of political elites. With the capital of religious authority at their disposal, they were confident to engage in practical politics. Teungku in Aceh was actively involved in redefining the narrative of the Acehnese nation by promoting the formalization of Islamic Sharia through a policy of special autonomy. With this policy, Teungku's position became more substantial and strategic politically and religiously. While in Lombok, Tuan guru became a local strongman who seized legislative and executive power in Nusa Tenggara Barat. They succeeded in seizing local power from the Sasak aristocratic circles. Meanwhile, Kiai in Java appeared to color Indonesia's discourse and political system from the beginning. Nevertheless, they managed to become part of the power in national leadership history. The relationship of the three religious elites to politics was ultimately in line with the strengthening of authority, religious traditions, and religious institutions.
Study of Anticonvulsant Drug (Phenytoin) Along with Synthesis and Pharmacological Effect
Authors: Choudhary Ujjawal , Kumar Vikas , Dwivedi Tripti , Ahmed Waseem , Vishavjeet Vishavjeet , Rathi Jagdeesh , Thakur Sonpal Singh 
Published: December 2022

Phenytoin is slowly but nearly completely absorbed in the small intestine; oral bioavailability ranges from 70 to 100%. The drug is widely distributed in the body and is almost completely protein-bound, primarily to albumin. Phenytoin is metabolized primarily in the liver by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, which is glucuronidated and excreted. Minor metabolites that are produced include 3,4-dihydrodiol, catechol (3,4-dihyroxyphenyl-phenylhydantoin), and 3-O-methylated catechol. Since hepatic metabolism is a saturable process, small increases in dosage can result in very large increases in serum levels. CYP2C9 also metabolizes warfarin and tolbutamide, which may explain interactions between phenytoin and these drugs. Phenytoin and metabolites may undergo enterohepatic recirculation prior to excretion. Most of the drug is eliminated in the urine as inactive conjugated metabolites, but small amounts of the unchanged drug may be present in the urine (2–4%) and feces (5%). In this study we prepared Phenytoin from Benzil and urea and determined it percentage yield.
Keywords: Phenytoin, Benzil, Urea, Percentage yield