bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing translational science education
Authors: Faupel‐Badger Jessica M. , Vogel Amanda L. , Austin Christopher P. , Rutter Joni L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this communication, the authors offer considerations for how the scientific community can capitalize on decades of translational science advances and experiential knowledge to develop new education opportunities for a diverse and highly skilled translational science workforce. Continued advancement of the field of translational science will require new education approaches that distill key concepts in translational science from past and ongoing research initiatives and teach this foundational knowledge to current and future translational scientists. These key concepts include generalizable scientific and operational principles to guide translational science, as well as evidence‐informed practices. Inspired by this approach, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) has developed an initial set of guiding principles for translational science generated via case studies of multiple highly successful translational science initiatives, and is now teaching them via new education activities that aim to reach a broad scientific audience interested in translational science. Our goal with this review is to prompt continued conversation with the translational science community regarding capitalizing on our collective translational science knowledge to advance core content for translational science education and disseminating this content to a broad range of scientific audiences.
People engaged in opioid agonist treatment as a counterpublic during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Conway Anna , Treloar Carla , Crawford Sione , Grebely Jason , Marshall Alison D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeople receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) are at higher risk of comorbidities, poverty and discrimination, which Big Events like the COVID‐19 pandemic may exacerbate. The behaviours of people receiving OAT do not always align with normative behaviours as conceived by ruling institutions and laws, and so the group becomes a counterpublic, not imagined in mainstream public discourse. The aim of this study was to understand how people receiving OAT, as a counterpublic, implemented practises of care to mitigate negative health outcomes during COVID‐19.MethodsParticipants were recruited via eight peer‐led organisations across Australia. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were completed between August and December 2020 with 40 people receiving OAT. The analysis centres practises of care, allowing interactions that influence the health of participants, to be understood in their unique contexts.ResultsAspects of the COVID‐19 state response were designed for an idealised public, demonstrated by the increased policing that accompanied enforcement of restrictions which was detrimental to the wellbeing of people receiving OAT. Counterpublic health strategies employed by people receiving OAT were disrupted, but participants were often able to adapt to the changing context.Discussion and ConclusionThis study elucidates how practises of care among people receiving OAT are enacted and disrupted during a Big Event, with implications beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic for future Big Events. The study findings evidence the need for policies that mitigate the impact of Big Events such as supporting re‐groupment within the counterpublic, legitimising counterpublic health strategies and stopping the criminalisation of people who use drugs.
Opportunities for learning and social interaction in infant sitting: Effects of sitting support, sitting skill, and gross motor delay
Authors: Kretch Kari S. , Marcinowski Emily C. , Hsu Lin‐Ya , Koziol Natalie A. , Harbourne Regina T. , Lobo Michele A. , Dusing Stacey C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of independent sitting changes everyday opportunities for learning and has cascading effects on cognitive and language development. Prior to independent sitting, infants experience the sitting position with physical support from caregivers. Why does supported sitting not provide the same input for learning that is experienced in independent sitting? This question is especially relevant for infants with gross motor delay, who require support in sitting for many months after typically developing infants sit independently. We observed infants with typical development (n = 34, ages 4–7 months) and infants with gross motor delay (n = 128, ages 7–16 months) in early stages of sitting development, and their caregivers, in a dyadic play observation. We predicted that infants who required caregiver support for sitting would spend more time facing away from the caregiver and less time contacting objects than infants who could sit independently. We also predicted that caregivers of supported sitters would spend less time contacting objects because their hands would be full supporting their infants. Our first two hypotheses were confirmed; however, caregivers spent surprisingly little time using both hands to provide support, and caregivers of supported sitters spent more time contacting objects than caregivers of independent sitters. Similar patterns were seen in the group of typically developing infants and the infants with motor delay. Our findings suggest that independent sitting and supported sitting provide qualitatively distinct experiences with different implications for social interaction and learning opportunities.Highlights
During seated free play, supported sitters spent more time facing away from their caregivers and less time handling objects than independent sitters.
Caregivers who spent more time supporting infants with both hands spent less time handling objects; however, caregivers mostly supported infants with one or no hands.
A continuous measure of sitting skill did not uniquely contribute to these behaviors beyond the effect of binary sitting support (supported vs. independent sitter).
The pattern of results was similar for typically developing infants and infants with gross motor delay, despite differences in age.
Inequity on suburban campuses: University students disadvantaged in self‐improvement travel
Authors: Sun Bindong , Guo Rui , Yin Chun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany new university campuses have been built in suburban areas where transit and service facilities are negligible. However, few studies explore the educational and transportation equity issues related to campus location. Based on a 2017 survey comprising 1673 students on 37 campuses in Shanghai, this study applied multilevel models to examine the association between the built environment around campuses and university students' travel behaviors. In particular, we focused on the travel that students undertake for self‐improvement activities (e.g., internships and education‐related activities) because this type of travel plays an important role in improving students' abilities and promoting their career development. We found that students on suburban campuses, which are characterized by being farther away from the city center, being single land use, and having fewer transit services, engage in fewer and longer trips to self‐improvement destinations. However, students studying on urban campuses, which are characterized by mixed land use and greater accessibility to the city center and subway service, engage in more frequent and shorter trips to self‐improvement destinations. Therefore, students on suburban campuses are at a disadvantage regarding educational opportunities and access to transportation to engage in self‐improvement activities off campus.
Infodemiology for oral health and disease: A scoping review
Authors: Gupta Radhika , Mohanty Vikrant , Balappanavar Aswini Y. , Chahar Puneet , Rijhwani Kavita , Bhatia Sonal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing affordability, accessibility and penetration of internet services worldwide, have substantially changed the ways of gathering health‐related information. This has led to the origin of concept infodemiology that allows the information to be collected and analysed in near real time. Globally, oral diseases affect nearly 3.5 billion people; thus, volume and profile of oral health searches would help in understanding specific community dental needs and formulation of pertinent oral health strategies.AimTo review the published literature on infodemiological aspects of oral health and disease.MethodologyThis scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Electronic search engines (Google Scholar) and databases (PubMed, Web of science, Scopus) were searched from 2002 onwards.ResultsThirty‐eight articles were included in this review. The infodemiological studies for oral health and disease were mainly used in two domains. Out of 38 articles, 24 accessed the quality of available online information and 15 studied online oral health‐related information seeking behaviour.ConclusionThe most commonly searched oral diseases were toothache, oral cancer, dental caries, periodontal disease, oral maxillofacial surgical procedures and paediatric oral diseases. Most of the studies belonged to developed countries and Google was the most researched search engine.
Patient‐centred care, diabetes self‐management and glycaemic control among Omani patients with type‐2 diabetes
Authors: Al Mahrouqi Abdullah Salim , Mallinson R. Kevin , Oh Kyeung Mi , Weinstein Ali A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined the relationships between patient‐centred care, diabetes self‐management and selected health outcomes for Omani patients with type‐2 diabetes.MethodsCross‐sectional surveys were administered for 237 patients with type‐2 diabetes. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the relationships between the selected study variables.ResultsThe sample was middle‐aged (M = 48, SD = 11.0 years) with nearly a decade (M = 9.68, SD = 6.11) since being diagnosed with type‐2 diabetes, with higher than ideal glycaemic control measures (M = 8.8%, SD = 2.4%). In bivariate analyses, patient‐centred care was positively associated with diabetes self‐management but not with glycaemic control or quality of life. However, after controlling demographic and clinical characteristics, patient‐centred care was positively associated with both physical and mental aspects of health‐related quality of life. In the final regression model, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics and patient‐centred care, diabetes self‐management significantly predicted both glycaemic control and both physical and mental aspects of health‐related quality of life.ConclusionsThe findings support that providing individualized care may contribute to the self‐management of chronic conditions. For achieving optimal outcomes, it may be necessary for providers to effectively assess patients' unique challenges and motivations. Increasing diabetes self‐management may improve quality of life and reduce diabetes complications.
Stigma evaluation for diabetes and other chronic non‐communicable disease patients: Development, validation and clinical use of stigma scale – The Kanden Institute Stigma Scale
Authors: Tanaka Nagaaki , Hamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kurotobi Yuri , Yamazaki Yuji , Nakatani Susumu , Matsubara Miho , Haraguchi Takuya , Yamaguchi Yuko , Izumi Kiyohiro , Fujita Yuki , Kuwata Hitoshi , Hyo Takanori , Yanase Masaki , Matsuda Masahiro , Negoro Shinji , Higashiyama Hiroko , Yamada Yuichiro , Kurose Takeshi , Seino Yutaka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate disease stigma in patients with lifestyle‐related chronic non‐communicable diseases (LCNCDs), which we named the Kanden Institute Stigma Scale (KISS), and to consider its possible clinical application for patients with diabetes.Materials and methodsAn initial 90 questions were drafted and categorized into six subscales according to the manifestations of stigma. The final version of the KISS was developed as a 24‐item questionnaire comprising four items for each subscale.ResultsA total of 539 outpatients including 452 patients with diabetes and 87 patients without diabetes were recruited. Construct validity was confirmed by assessing the correlation with previously established measures. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the KISS to have good model fitness (adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.856). Test–retest reproducibility analysis showed that the intraclass coefficient of the first and a second KISS was 0.843 (P < 0.001), indicating excellent reproducibility. The KISS showed higher scores for patients with diabetes than for patients without diabetes (12.23 ± 0.49 vs 5.76 ± 0.73, P < 0.05). The KISS score was significantly higher in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients taking insulin therapy than in type 2 diabetes patients not taking insulin (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe KISS is a validated and reliable questionnaire for assessment of stigma among patients with diabetes as well as other lifestyle‐related chronic non‐communicable diseases, and might contribute to identifying and rectifying diabetes stigma, as well promoting awareness among health care professionals of this very consequential health problem.
Role of social aggregation in the fitness cost of pyrethroid‐resistant German cockroaches
Authors: Chong Hooi‐Kuan , Peng Ming‐Hsiao , Liu Kuan‐Ling , Singham G. Veera , Neoh Kok‐Boon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiving in aggregations likely gives fitness benefits to resistant German cockroaches. We first investigated the trade‐offs in life‐history traits between six field pyrethroid‐resistant German cockroach strains and a laboratory susceptible strain (SUS‐1). Second, each strain was placed in groups of 2, 10, 20, 30 and 40 individuals with an equal sex ratio in each group to investigate the effect of social aggregation on fitness and overall population parameters. All resistant strains exhibited reduced nymphal survival (50%–83%) and a prolonged development period in both male (49–63 days) and female (47–62 days) nymphs when compared to SUS‐1 individuals (nymphal development period: 39 ± 2 days for male and 40 ± 3 days for female). Such fitness costs were minimized when the resistant cockroaches were in aggregations. Specifically, male (54 ± 3 days) and female nymphal development periods (52 ± 3 days) of German cockroach significantly decreased to 44 ± 1 days in the largest group. The nymphal survival was substantially enhanced (more than 80% survival) in German cockroaches with elevated cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, or both cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterases activities in the largest group. The effect of pyrethroid resistance on the life‐history traits of adult German cockroaches was limited; only adult male longevity was significantly prolonged. Group living did not significantly extend adult longevity and increase the number of offspring per ootheca. Contrary to expectations, the number of nymphs produced by a female and the oothecal hatchability were inversely proportional to the number of individuals in aggregations. Moreover, a lower proportion of viable oothecae were produced in German cockroaches when living in aggregations. Because of low fecundity, population parameters of German cockroaches living in aggregations (net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase) were significantly lower than the parameters of those living in pairs.
Thermal pulse induced by emplacement of Ramba leucogranites in southern Tibet
Authors: Chu Xu , Akça Ozan , Gaidies Fred , Gennaro Ivano , Ji Weiqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe thermal histories of Himalayan leucogranites provide critical information for unravelling the post‐collisional geodynamics of the Himalayas. The Ramba Dome is located at the intersection of the Tethyan Himalayan leucogranite belt with the Yadong–Gulu Rift and hosts several generations of granitic intrusions. Of these intrusions, the 8‐Ma two‐mica granites and garnet leucogranite dykes are the youngest of Himalayan leucogranites. In this study, we focus on the carbonaceous staurolite schist located ~1.3 km from the intrusion to constrain the thermal history of the aureole that marked the cessation of leucogranite magmatism. The schist contains euhedral garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts in a foliated matrix of muscovite + biotite + chlorite + plagioclase + quartz + graphite. The staurolite shows minor compositional variations from the inclusion‐free core to the inclusion‐rich rim. By contrast, the garnet features a distinctive bell‐shaped Mn profile and increasing Mg# from the garnet core to rims. In a graphite‐bearing equilibrium phase diagram for a modified bulk composition with garnet cores removed, the garnet rim composition suggests a peak temperature of ~550°C, consistent with an independent thermometer based on the Raman spectra of carbonaceous materials (RSCM; 548 ± 9°C). The P–T condition lies within the narrow low‐variance field bracketed by the staurolite‐in and chlorite‐out boundaries, indicating minimal overstepping of staurolite nucleation and growth. On the other hand, the garnet core composition indicates 520°C at 2.5 kbar, about 40°C higher than the predicted garnet‐in boundary (~480°C). This apparent temperature overstep corresponds to a small chemical affinity (<5 kJ/mol 12 O) for garnet nucleation, comparable to previous estimates. The sharp boundaries of the high‐Ca sector zoning in the core indicate limited diffusion modification (~1.5 Ma if at the peak temperature). The short thermal pulse involves advective heat transfer by leucogranite emplacement, followed by rapid cooling toward the end of Himalayan magmatism and rapid exhumation likely facilitated by the Yadong–Gulu Rift.
Dose assessment of melatonin in sepsis (DAMSEL2) study: Pharmacokinetics of two doses of oral melatonin in patients with sepsis
Authors: Galley Helen F. , Allen Lee , Colin Pieter J. , Galt Sally P. , Webster Nigel R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection, and high‐dose melatonin has been proposed as a treatment due to its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, there are no data describing the pharmacokinetics of high‐dose oral melatonin in critically ill patients. We undertook an open‐label trial to determine the tolerance of melatonin administration in these patients and pharmacokinetic analysis, to inform a planned randomised controlled trial. Two cohorts of critically ill patients with sepsis due to community‐acquired pneumonia received either 20 or 50 mg oral melatonin liquid as a single dose. Blood samples and clinical measures were analysed over the next 24 h. Melatonin was well tolerated and there were no adverse events. Pharmacokinetic modelling showed that a semiphysiological model, which incorporates saturable first‐pass hepatic extraction, was a good fit for our data. Maximum levels of melatonin were extremely high in patients receiving the 50 mg dose and levels of the major metabolite were much lower than expected and not different from those seen after 20 mg, suggesting saturation at the higher dose. We conclude that 20 mg seems a suitable dose of liquid melatonin in patients with sepsis.
Figurativeness Matters in the Second Language Processing of Collocations: Evidence From a Self‐Paced Reading Experiment
Authors: Shi Jinfang , Peng Gang , Li Dechao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study reports on a self‐paced reading experiment exploring whether the figurativeness of collocations affects L2 processing of collocations. The participants were 40 English native speakers and 44 Chinese‐speaking English foreign language learners (including doctoral, postgraduate, and undergraduate students). To ensure that the effect emerged from the figurativeness of collocations rather than other item‐related confounds, this study added a literal–literal comparison (e.g., choose a career vs. choose a house) as a control to the experimental figurative–literal comparison (e.g., build a career vs. build a house). Results showed that L2 speakers processed figurative collocations more slowly than literal collocation controls but native speakers did not. Importantly, this processing cost for figurative collocations in L2 speakers varied by L2 proficiency but not phrase familiarity. We discuss the results in terms of the dual‐route model of formulaic and novel language processing and also incorporate them into the literal salience model of bilingual figurative processing.
Individual North Atlantic right whales identified from space
Authors: Hodul Matus , Knudby Anders , McKenna Brigid , James Amy , Mayo Charles , Brown Moira , Durette‐Morin Delphine , Bird Stephen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe population of the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, numbers approximately 336 individuals, and continues to decline. Current development and implementation of protection measures and monitoring of right whale presence relies on visual surveys from vessel and aerial platforms, and passive acoustic monitoring, which contribute to location data. Here we demonstrate that satellite imagery can be used to detect and confirm the North Atlantic right whales at a species level using newly available imaging methods, providing another tool to inform conservation efforts. Using optical satellite imagery with 15 cm resolution, 25 right whales were observed in Cape Cod Bay on April 24, 2021. Species confirmation was possible due to clearly visible callosity patterns indicative of their species within this range. Although the variations in callosity patterns commonly used to identify individuals were too small to be resolved at this image resolution, one whale with large distinctive markings visible on his body was identified at an individual level from satellite imagery alone. Although visual and acoustic survey methods can be combined for monitoring this species in critical habitats, satellite‐based monitoring can be especially helpful to understand whale presence outside the areas monitored with existing visual and acoustic detection methods.
Is ‘white nationalism’, nationalism?
Authors: Rigney Maeve , Holmes Carolyn E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAre ‘white nationalists’ really nationalists? This label is one that right‐wing, white activists themselves have chosen, and as such, compels rigorous investigation to avoid simply adopting the preferred nomenclature of these activists and their ambitions. The nation and nationalism are concepts with rich scholarly histories, and this paper seeks to examine the discussion, activities and statements of so‐called white nationalists in light of this literature. We argue through a three‐fold concept of the nation—based on territoriality, population and symbolic and/or cultural content—that the vision of the political community and ambitions of these activists falls short of the standard of a nation and that their aspirations do not conform to what the literature lays out as nationalism. We argue, therefore, that using the language of ‘white nationalism’ to describe these groups obfuscates and sanitises their motives and lends undue legitimacy to their standing in public discourse.