bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Descriptors and QSAR Models for Sedative Activity of Sesquiterpenes Administered to Mice via Inhalation
Authors: Dougnon Godfried , Ito Michiho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEssential oils are often utilized for therapeutic purposes and are composed of complex structural molecules, including sesquiterpenes, with high molecular weight and potential for
stereochemistry. A detailed study on the properties of selected sesquiterpenes was conducted as part of a broader investigation on the effects of sesquiterpenes on the central nervous
system. A set of 18 sesquiterpenes, rigorously selected from an original list of 114, was divided into 2 groups i.e., the training and test sets, with each containing 9 compounds. The
training set was evaluated for the sedative activity in mice through inhalation, and all compounds were sedatives at any dose in the range of 4 × 10−4–4 × 10−2 mg/cage,
except for curzerene. Molecular determinants of the sedative activities of sesquiterpenes were evaluated using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and structure–activity
relationship (SAR) analyses. An additional test set of six compounds obtained from the literature was utilized for validating the QSAR model. The parental carbonyl cation and an
oxygen-containing groups are possible determinants of sedative activity. The QSAR study using multiple regression models could reasonably predict the sedative activity of sesquiterpenes with
statistical parameters such as the correlation coefficient r2 = 0.82 > 0.6 and q2
LOO = 0.71 > 0.5 obtained using the leave-one-out cross-validation
technique. Molar refractivity and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors were statistically important in predicting the activities. The present study could help predict the sedative activity
of additional sesquiterpenes, thus accelerating the process of drug development.
Surgical Outcomes Following Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in Patients over the Age of Sixty-five
Authors: Strickland Ben A. , Rennert Rob , Zada Gabriel , Shahrestani Shane , Russin Jonathan J. , Friedman Rick A. , Giannotta Steven L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Vestibular schwannoma (VS) are benign, often slow growing neoplasms. Some institutions opt for radiosurgery in symptomatic patients of advanced age versus surgical resection. The aim of the study is to analyze surgical outcomes of VS in patients over the age of 65 who were either not candidates for or refused radiosurgery.
Methods This includes retrospective analysis of VS patients between 1988 and 2020. Demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical records, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Patient preference for surgery over radiosurgery was recorded in the event that patients were offered both. Facial nerve outcomes were quantified using House-Brackmann (HB) scores. Tumor growth was defined by increase in size of >2 mm.
Results In total, 64 patients were included of average age 72.4 years (65–84 years). Average maximum tumor diameter was 29 mm (13–55 mm). Forty-five patients were offered surgery or GKRS, and chose surgery commonly due to radiation aversion (48.4%). Gross total resection was achieved in 39.1% (n = 25), near total 32.8% (n = 21), and subtotal 28.1% (n = 18). Average hospitalization was 5 days [2–17] with 75% (n = 48) discharged home. Postoperative HB scores were good (HB1–2) in 43.8%, moderate (HB3–4) in 32.8%, and poor (HB5–6) in 23.4%. HB scores improved to good in 51.6%, moderate in 31.3%, and remained poor in 17.1%, marking a rate of facial nerve improvement of 10.9%. Tumor control was achieved in 95.3% of cases at an average follow-up time of 37.8 months.
Conclusion VS resection can be safely performed in patients over the age of 65. Advanced age should not preclude a symptomatic VS patient from being considered for surgical resection.
Therapeutic Strategies in Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage and Outcomes
Authors: Singh Amanjung , Trivedi Radhika , Ahmed Nasim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) and its progression have historically resulted in poor prognosis and functional disability. Such outcomes can impact the daily lives and financial condition of patients' families as well as add burden to the health care system. This review examines the diverse therapeutic intervention that were observed in randomized clinical trials (RCT) on various outcomes. Many demographic and clinical risk factors have been identified for poor prognosis after a TICH. Among the many therapeutic strategies studied, few found to have some beneficial effect in minimizing the progression of hemorrhage and reducing the overall mortality.
Methods A literature review was conducted of all relevant sources using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to include articles that were RCTs for patients aged 18 years and above to include a total of 19 articles.
Results Across studies, many therapies have been assessed; however, only few findings including infusion of tranexamic acid (TXA), use of β-blocker, and early operative evacuation of TICH yielded favorable results. Use of steroid and blood transfusion to target higher hemoglobin levels showed evidence of adversely impacting the outcome.
Conclusion Of the many therapeutic strategies available for TICH, very few therapies have proven to be beneficial
National Outcomes of Prophylactic Lymphovenous Bypass during Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Chiang Sarah N. , Skolnick Gary B. , Westman Amanda M. , Sacks Justin M. , Christensen Joani M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Breast cancer treatment, including axillary lymph node excision, radiation, and chemotherapy, can cause upper extremity lymphedema, increasing morbidity and health care costs. Institutions increasingly perform prophylactic lymphovenous bypass (LVB) at the time of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) to reduce the risk of lymphedema but reports of complications are lacking. We examine records from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to examine the safety of these procedures.
Methods Procedures involving ALND from 2013 to 2019 were extracted from the NSQIP database. Patients who simultaneously underwent procedures with the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 38999 (other procedures of the lymphatic system), 35201 (repair of blood vessel), or 38308 (lymphangiotomy) formed the prophylactic LVB group. Patients in the LVB and non-LVB groups were compared for differences in demographics and 30-day postoperative complications including unplanned reoperation, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), wound dehiscence, and surgical site infection. Subgroup analysis was performed, controlling for extent of breast surgery and reconstruction. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of reoperation.
Results The ALND without LVB group contained 45,057 patients, and the ALND with LVB group contained 255 (0.6%). Overall, the LVB group was associated with increased operative time (288 vs. 147 minutes, p < 0.001) and length of stay (1.7 vs. 1.3 days, p < 0.001). In patients with concurrent mastectomy without immediate reconstruction, the LVB group had a higher rate of DVTs (3.0 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.009). Reoperation, wound infection, and dehiscence rates did not differ across subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that LVB was not a predictor of reoperations.
Conclusion Prophylactic LVB at time of ALND is a generally safe and well-tolerated procedure and is not associated with increased reoperations or wound complications. Although only four patients in the LVB group had DVTs, this was a significantly higher rate than in the non-LVB group and warrants further investigation.
Islam, language and intra-Asian student mobility
Authors: Barnawi Osman Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study I examine the interplay of Islam, Arabic and intra-Asian student mobility. Specifically, through
semi-structured interviews with three Indonesian male students who are pursuing their Arabic medium of instruction (AMI) degrees
in Islamic Sharia at the Islamic University of Madinah in Saudi Arabia, I investigate two central questions: (1) What are the
driving forces behind Indonesian Muslim students’ mobility to Saudi Arabia for pursuing their degrees in AMI? (2) How do
Indonesian Muslim students perceive Arabic in general and AMI programs in particular? The findings reveal that the participants’
desire to move and pursue their AMI degrees in Saudi Arabia were charged with different expectations, objectives and agendas. At
the heart of these differences lies what I term as the sacralization of language phenomenon among the
participants. This very phenomenon refers to the ways in which Arabic (including its practice) is construed by the participants as
beneficial in this world and the Hereafter; as a linguistic vehicle for sustaining Islamic identity; and as a tool through which
they show their true engagement with and commitment to Islam and Islamic life. I conclude the paper with a call for serious
scholarly engagement with the sacralization of language phenomenon in the emerging scholarship of intra-Asian
student mobility within the Asian region.
Utilising an internal focus of attention during preparation and an external focus during execution may facilitate motor learning
Authors: Aiken Christopher A. , Becker Kevin A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTResearch with athletes and coaches has found that attentional focus strategies are more complex than using an internal or external focus exclusively. Recently Becker et al. [2020, March 1. The effects of attentional focus in the preparation and execution of a standing long jump. Psychological Research, 84(2), 285–291] found that switching attentional focus from internal in movement preparation to external during movement execution provided a benefit over internal focus and control conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of attentional switching on motor skill acquisition. 79 participants were randomly divided into an internal (INT), external (EXT), or switching group (IES). Individuals performed 80 acquisition trials of a golf chipping task with their prescribed attentional focus during preparation and execution. 24‐hours later 10‐trial retention and transfer tests were performed. The primary analysis revealed significant improvement during acquisition (p < .001) but no significant differences between attentional focus groups during acquisition, retention, or transfer. A secondary analysis was performed with individuals low in attentional focus adherence removed (<60%). Groups significantly improved during acquisition (p < .001). For retention IES significantly outperformed INT (p < .05). These results suggest that the detrimental effects of an internal focus are only found during skill execution and not movement preparation. It is possible for learners to benefit from both an internal and external focus so long as the cues are provided during the correct phase of skill performance.Highlights

Attentional focus is much more complex than using either an internal or external focus of attention. This study investigated the effects of switching attention during skill acquisition from an internal to external focus.
A preliminary analysis revealed no significant differences between attentional focus groups of internal, external, or switching. One reason for this finding was the poor adherence to the prescribed focus cue.
A secondary analysis where low adherence individuals were removed revealed a significant difference between the switching group and the internal focus group during retention.
These finding suggest that the detrimental effects associated with an internal focus of attention are exclusive to using the focus during task execution. It is possible that an internal focus can still facilitate learning so long as an external focus is used during movement execution.
Polarimetric radar interferometry in the presence of differential Faraday rotation
Authors: Gilman Mikhail , Tsynkov Semyon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Faraday rotation (FR) affects the low-frequency transionospheric radar by creating cross-talk between polarizations. The baseline part of FR can be compensated for by applying an appropriate linear transformation—rotation with a known FR angle. Yet the differential Faraday rotation (dFR), which is a frequency-dependent part of FR, persists and introduces distortions into the observations. We build a simplified model with two polarimetric scattering channels that allows us to evaluate the effect of dFR on the accuracy of PolInSAR reconstruction. We also assess the severity of distortions due to dFR for the future BIOMASS mission and several other spaceborne radar systems.
A mechanism of compass-free migratory navigation
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Hong-Bo , Lu Li-Hua , Li You-Quan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How migratory birds can find the right way when navigating over thousands of miles is an intriguing question that has greatly interested researchers in both the fields of biology and physics for centuries. There are several putative proposals that sound intuitively plausible; all remain contested so far because these hypothetical models of magnetoreceptors that sense the geomagnetic field need either extremely high sensitivity or humankind-like intelligence to guide. Here we explore theoretically whether birds can navigate to their destination through an entirely new scenario to sense the geomagnetic field. Our proposal is based on separate peaks of the resonance-fluorescence spectrum of a four-level system derived from the ferric sulfide cluster that exists in a MagR/Cry protein complex (Drosophila CG8198) of migratory birds. As the separation of spectral peaks contains information about the geomagnetic field at both the current location and the birthland, the change of such separation cues the bird to choose the right direction to move, and double-resonance emerges once it has arrived at its destination. Our theoretical mechanism can explain previous experiments on the disorientation of migratorybirds caused by oscillating magnetic field naturally and more precisely. This work provides insight into explaining migratory navigation and motivates possible humanmade practical devices.
Light-controlled metasurface with a controllable range of reflection phase modulation
Authors: Li Ruijie , Liu Haixia , Xu Peng , Han Jiaqi , Li Long 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The reconfigurable metasurface (MS) with tunable electromagnetic scattering properties has had an impact on innovative communication applications. However, the widely studied MS controlled by direct-current (DC) bias requires complex physical control circuits in array wavefront encoding, while the light-controlled MS does not. In this paper, we report a new approach for a light-controlled MS with a controllable modulation range of reflection phase, and its unit is composed of a reflection phase element based on the varactor and an optical interrogation network (OIN) based on the photoresistor so that the phase distribution of each MS unit could be independently programmed optically. To illustrate our approach, a 2-bit reflection phase MS with 10 × 10 units was fabricated and tested to achieve pencil beam scanning and orbital angular momentum beam at microwave frequencies. The simulated and measured results verify the feasibility of the proposed design. Furthermore, all the OINs on the MS are connected in parallel and powered by the same DC voltage source, which simplifies the difficulty of array expansion in MS design with a large-scale array.
Terahertz gas discharge: current progress and possible applications
Authors: Sidorov A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Plasma created in focused beams of electromagnetic waves in the terahertz frequency range is a fairly new object in gas discharge physics. The specified range, located between the microwave and infrared regions of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, is currently being actively developed. However, until recently, the study of discharge phenomena in it was practically inaccessible. Recent advances in its development are associated primarily with the creation of powerful sources of terahertz radiation—gyrotrons and free electron lasers. This article presents an overview of the latest results of studies of a gaseous terahertz discharge: gas breakdown, discharge propagation, features of the discharge glow, and prospects for a gaseous terahertz discharge as a point source of UV radiation.
Core@shell nanoparticles by inflight controlled coating
Authors: Ahadi Amir Mohammad , Libenská Hana , Košutová Tereza , Cieslar Miroslav , Červenková Veronika , Prokop Dejan , Dopita Milan , Biederman Hynek , Hanuš Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Controlled synthesis of core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) for certain applications is a difficult challenge in many nanotechnology projects. In this report, a conventional arrangement composed of a gas aggregation source (GAS) is employed to generate the core NPs, which are subsequently coated by the shell materials in a secondary planar magnetron sputtering. The important difference to the usual system is the application of the two opposing planar magnetrons in a closed field configuration. The prepared core Ag NPs by a GAS are coated/treated by the two magnetrons with Ti targets. Our findings clearly show that the shell thickness can be controlled by tuning the power delivered to the secondary magnetron plasma. Characterizations of the prepared films, by x-ray diffraction technique, disclose multi-crystalline cores covered by amorphous shells. Based on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy measurements, different chemistry on the NPs surfaces and volume of the NPs can be achieved by tuning the operation conditions. Furthermore, the thermal annealing process leads to the growth of the crystallite size which results in emerging some microparticles caused by accelerating Ag surface mobility. The employed technique promises a reliable route to synthesize different heterogeneous NPs with stoichiometry tunable in a wide range for multi-functional devices.
Molecular dynamic simulation on temperature evolution of SiC under directional microwave radiation
Authors: Khan Tahsin Ashraf , Burr Patrick A , Payne David , Juhl Mattias , Das Utshash , Hallam Brett , Bagnall Darren , Puthen Veettil Binesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is widely used as the substrate for high power electronic devices as well as susceptors for microwave (MW) heating. The dynamics of microwave interaction with SiC is not fully understood, especially at the material boundaries. In this paper, we used the molecular dynamics simulation method to study the temperature evolution during the microwave absorption of SiC under various amplitudes and frequencies of the microwave electric field. Directional MW heating of a SiC crystal slab bounded by surfaces along [100] crystallographic direction shows significantly faster melting when the field is applied parallel to the surface compared to when applied perpendicular.
Contribution of nicotinamide as an intracyclic N dopant to the structure and properties of carbon dots synthesized using three α-hydroxy acids as C sources
Authors: Mao Zhen , Li Hui , Gan Na , Suo Zili , Zhang Huan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fixed carbon source and different dopants are mainly used to study the effect of heteroatoms on the structure and properties of carbon dots (CDs). As reactants, some dopants with conjugated structure and high nitrogen content may have important contributions to the structure and properties of doped CDs in addition to providing heteroatoms. Herein, to study the effect of fixed dopant on the structure and properties of CDs, three different CDs were synthesized using nicotinamide (NAA) and three common α-hydroxy acids (4–5 carbon atoms), and the optimal conditions were determined by orthogonal experimentation. Transmission electron microscopic micrographs showed that the average size of CDs based on nicotinamide are relatively large, up to 19.40 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that these CDs have graphite nitrogen and several functional group structures. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetime illustrated that these CDs have similar emission centers (460–470 nm) and fluorescence processes. The influence of carbon source on the surface structure of CDs was determined by systematically analyzing the response of these CDs in different pH ranges. DFT calculations revealed the distribution characteristics of the electrons in the excited state at the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of CDs. All the above characterizations and calculations proved that NAA is a desirable dopant with an important contribution to the structure and properties of CDs.
One-pot synthesis of hexafluorobutyl acrylate hyperbranched copolymer for graphene/poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene- chlorofluoroethylene) dielectric composite
Authors: Jiang Huilei , Ye Huijian , Xu Lixin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dielectric polymer film capacitor is rapidly emerging as next-generation energy storage for advanced engineering applications because of its lightweight, low cost, and processability. Further increasing energy density of polymer film with high charge–discharge efficiency is prevalent research spotlight. The filler/polymer composite with compatible interface is proved as an effective strategy to improve the energy storage capability of dielectric film. In this work, we designed hyperbranched hexafluorobutyl acrylate copolymer as miscible interface in graphene/fluoropolymer dielectric composite. A facile one-pot method was adopted to synthesize hyperbranched polyethylene grafted hexafluorobutyl acrylate (HBPE-g-HFBA) copolymer, which was adsorbed on surface of nanosheets by non-covalent interaction during exfoliation of natural graphite. The graphene/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) composite was prepared by solution casting. The interfacial polarization is enhanced with the improved compatibility of composite that is due to the chemical similarity between hexafluorobutyl acrylate segments and fluoropolymer matrix. The energy density of 0.1 wt% nanocomposite achieves 5.0 J cm−3 with charge–discharge efficiency of 78.1% at 250 MV m−1. This work provides an optional route for non-covalent functionalization of graphene and the development of flexible polymer film capacitor with large energy storage capability.