bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Element‐Sensitive Analysis of Individual Nanoobjects
Authors: Wählisch André , Unterumsberger Rainer , Hönicke Philipp , Lubeck Janin , Kayser Yves , Weser Jan , Dai Gaoliang , Hahm Kai , Weimann Thomas , Seim Christian , Rehbein Stefan , Beckhoff Burkhard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA reliable and quantitative material analysis is crucial for assessing new technological processes, especially to facilitate a quantitative understanding of advanced material properties at the nanoscale. To this end, X‐ray fluorescence microscopy techniques can offer an element‐sensitive and non‐destructive tool for the investigation of a wide range of nanotechnological materials. Since X‐ray radiation provides information depths of up to the microscale, even stratified or buried arrangements are easily accessible without invasive sample preparation. However, in terms of the quantification capabilities, these approaches are usually restricted to a qualitative or semi‐quantitative analysis at the nanoscale. Relying on comparable reference nanomaterials is often not straightforward or impossible because the development of innovative nanomaterials has proven to be more fast‐paced than any development process for appropriate reference materials. The present work corroborates that a traceable quantification of individual nanoobjects can be realized by means of an X‐ray fluorescence microscope when utilizing rather conventional but well‐calibrated instrumentation instead of reference materials. As a proof of concept, the total number of atoms forming a germanium nanoobject is quantified using soft X‐ray radiation. Furthermore, complementary dimensional parameters of such objects are reconstructed.
Marine Litter Sources and Distribution Pathways
Authors: Chitaka Takunda Yeukai , Onianwa Percy Chuks , Nel Holly Astrid 
Published: December 2022

SummaryMarine litter has been a global concern for many decades. It is important to understand marine litter sources and distribution pathways for the development of targeted and effective interventions and strategies. These have been relatively less researched on the African continent. This chapter focuses on (1) the sources of litter items from macro to nanoscale entering the marine environment and (2) the distribution and accumulation of these items within the environment, focusing on the African marine setting. Case studies are used to showcase specific examples and highlight knowledge/data gaps that need to be addressed within Africa. The potential pathways going forward are discussed and what may be expected in the future, in light of the challenges and successes examined.
Smearing Effects in Non-planar Processes
Authors: Faccioli Pietro , Lourenço Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn certain physical cases, the angular momentum of a vector particle may naturally align with a direction not exactly contained in the production plane, leading to an attenuation of the polarization magnitude observable in any experimentally defined frame. In this chapter we consider two possible causes of this phenomenon: the higher-order, non-planar processes contributing to Drell--Yan, W and Z production, and the intrinsic transverse momentum of the partons inside the colliding hadrons. We discuss the effects of these phenomena on the measured frame-dependent and frame-independent parameters of the observed angular distribution.
Celestial amplitude for 2d theory
Authors: Duary Sarthak 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We explore celestial amplitude corresponding to 2d bulk $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-matrix. We consider scalar particles with identical mass and show that the celestial amplitude becomes the fourier transform of the 2d$$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-matrix written in the rapidity variable. We translate the crossing and unitarity conditions into the conditions on the celestial amplitude. For the 2d Sinh-Gordon model, we calculate the celestial amplitude perturbatively in coupling constant and check that the crossing and unitarity conditions are satisfied for the celestial amplitude. Imposing the crossing and unitarity conditions to the celestial amplitude, we want to find amplitudes to the higher order in perturbation theory from the lower order i.e., to provide a “proof of principle” to show we can apply the bootstrap idea to the celestial amplitude. We find that imposing the crossing and unitarity conditions is not enough for bootstrapping celestial amplitude, there is an extra term which can’t be fixed by the crossing and unitarity conditions. We also study the gravitational dressing condition in 2d QFT for massless particles in celestial space and see that for the gravitationally dressed celestial amplitude, the poles on the right half-plane get erased for several ansatzes.
Operator growth and Krylov construction in dissipative open quantum systems
Authors: Bhattacharya Aranya , Nandy Pratik , Nath Pingal Pratyush , Sahu Himanshu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the universal operator growth hypothesis, we extend the formalism of Krylov construction in dissipative open quantum systems connected to a Markovian bath. Our construction is based upon the modification of the Liouvillian superoperator by the appropriate Lindbladian, thereby following the vectorized Lanczos algorithm and the Arnoldi iteration. This is well justified due to the incorporation of non-Hermitian effects due to the environment. We study the growth of Lanczos coefficients in the transverse field Ising model (integrable and chaotic limits) for boundary amplitude damping and bulk dephasing. Although the direct implementation of the Lanczos algorithm fails to give physically meaningful results, the Arnoldi iteration retains the generic nature of the integrability and chaos as well as the signature of non-Hermiticity through separate sets of coefficients (Arnoldi coefficients) even after including the dissipative environment. Our results suggest that the Arnoldi iteration is meaningful and more appropriate in dealing with open systems.
Fluxes, vacua, and tadpoles meet Landau-Ginzburg and Fermat
Authors: Becker Katrin , Gonzalo Eduardo , Walcher Johannes , Wrase Timm 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Type IIB flux vacua based on Landau-Ginzburg models without Kähler deformations provide fully-controlled insights into the non-geometric and strongly-coupled string landscape. We show here that supersymmetric flux configurations at the Fermat point of the 19 model, which were found long-time ago to saturate the orientifold tadpole, leave a number of massless fields, which however are not all flat directions of the superpotential at higher order. More generally, the rank of the Hessian of the superpotential is compatible with a suitably formulated tadpole conjecture for all fluxes that we found. Moreover, we describe new infinite families of supersymmetric 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Minkowski and AdS vacua and confront them with several other swampland conjectures.
Systemic hemostatic agents initiated in trauma patients in the pre-hospital setting: a systematic review
Authors: Biffi Annalisa , Porcu Gloria , Castellini Greta , Napoletano Antonello , Coclite Daniela , D’Angelo Daniela , Fauci Alice Josephine , Iacorossi Laura , Latina Roberto , Salomone Katia , Iannone Primiano , Gianola Silvia , Chiara Osvaldo ,   the Italian National Institute of Health Guideline Working Group, Medici Alessia , Mazzola Alessandro , Coniglio Carlo , De Blasio Elvio , Flego Gaddo , Geraci Massimo , Maccauro Giulio , Rampoldi Antonio , Santolini Federico , Tacconi Claudio , Tugnoli Gregorio , Stocchetti Nino , Fabbri Andrea , Ruggeri Maria Pia , Seta Maurella Della , Pizzarelli Scilla , Cammarano Rosaria Rosanna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of systemic hemostatic agents initiated during pre-hospital care of severely injured patients with ongoing bleeding or traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of systemic hemostatic agents as an adjunctive therapy in people with major trauma and hemorrhage or TBI in the context of developing the Italian National Institute of Health guidelines on major trauma integrated management.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to October 2021 for studies that investigated pre-hospital initiated treatment with systemic hemostatic agents. The certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach, and the quality of each study was determined with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The primary outcome was overall mortality, and secondary outcomes included cause-specific mortality, health-related quality of life, any adverse effects and blood product use, hemorrhage expansion, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results
Five trials of tranexamic acid (TXA) met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. With a high certainty of evidence, when compared to placebo TXA reduced mortality at 24 h (relative risk = 0.83, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–0.94) and at 1 month among trauma patients (0.91, 0.85–0.97). These results depend on the subgroup of patients with significant hemorrhage because in the subgroup of TBI there are no difference between TXA and placebo. TXA also reduced bleeding death and multiple organ failure whereas no difference in health-related quality of life.

Conclusion
Balancing benefits and harms, TXA initiated in the pre-hospital setting can be used for patients experiencing major trauma with significant hemorrhage since it reduces the risk of mortality at 24 h and one month with no difference in terms of adverse effects when compared to placebo. Considering the subgroup of severe TBI, no difference in mortality rate was found at 24 h and one month. These results highlight the need to conduct future studies to investigate the role of other systemic hemostatic agents in the pre-hospital settings.
Bestandsaufnahme der verfügbaren und aktuell eingesetzten Typisierungsmethoden von zoonotischen Erregern am Beispiel von Shiga Toxin-bildenden bzw. enterohämorrhagischen Escherichia coli (STEC/EHEC)
Authors: Richter Anne , Pietsch Michael , Harmsen Dag , Juraschek Katharina , Lang Christina , Mellmann Alexander , Middendorf-Bauchart Barbara , Pulz Matthias , Roth Sarah , Schuh Elisabeth , Fruth Angelika , Flieger Antje 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Für eine Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung und die Erhöhung der Lebensmittelsicherheit im Sinne von One Health wurden im Rahmen des Projekts „Integrierte Genomische Surveillance von Zoonoseerregern (IGS-Zoo)“ Konzepte für eine sektorübergreifende genomische Surveillance von Shiga Toxin(Stx)-bildenden bzw. enterohämorrhagischen Escherichia coli (STEC/EHEC) in Deutschland entwickelt.

Methoden
Mittels Onlineumfrage erfolgte zunächst eine Bestandsaufnahme der aktuell in den Laboratorien im Bereich der staatlichen Untersuchungsämter im Veterinärwesen, der Lebensmittelüberwachung und des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes der Länder verfügbaren und der tatsächlich angewandten Typisierungsmethoden für diese Erreger.

Ergebnisse
Von 33 Teilnehmenden konnten 26 Fragebögen hinsichtlich STEC/EHEC ausgewertet werden. Pro Jahr werden in den Laboratorien zwischen 10 und 3500 Proben bearbeitet, daraus werden zwischen 3 und 1000 Erregerisolate gewonnen. Die aktuell am häufigsten verwendete Typisierungsmethode ist dabei die Bestimmung der Stx- und Intimin-kodierenden Gene mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). Genomsequenzierung (Whole Genome Sequencing, WGS) ist in 8 staatlichen Laboratorien der Länder etabliert und zusätzlich in 9 Einrichtungen geplant. Als häufigstes Hindernis für eine weiterführende STEC/EHEC-Typisierung wurde angeführt, dass auch bei eindeutigem Nachweis des stx-Gens mittels PCR eine Isolierung aus Probenmaterial oftmals nicht erfolgreich ist.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse der Befragung sollen dazu beitragen, die im Projekt entwickelten Analyseverfahren bei der Zielgruppe zu integrieren, und zudem aufzeigen, wo Schwerpunkte bei der bedarfsgerechten Entwicklung von entsprechenden Schulungskonzepten gesetzt werden sollen.
Erste Erfahrungen bei der Umsetzung der EU-Verordnung 536/2014 (CTR) aus Sicht der nichtkommerziellen akademischen Forschung
Authors: Fuhrmann Christine , Reineke Corinna , Lang Britta , Grählert Xina 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der Implementierung der neuen EU-Verordnung 536/2014 (Clinical Trials Regulation – CTR) zum 31.01.2022 sollen Genehmigung und Durchführung klinischer Prüfungen mit Humanarzneimitteln innerhalb der Europäischen Union (EU) harmonisiert werden. Die Genehmigung erfolgt über das elektronische Portal CTIS (Clinical Trials Information System) der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA). Neben kommerziellen Sponsoren sind im Rahmen von wissenschaftsinitiierten klinischen Prüfungen (IIT) auch Sponsoren an akademischen Einrichtungen von der Implementierung der CTR betroffen. Zahlreiche Änderungen in der Prozesslandkarte für regulierte Arzneimittelstudien sind notwendig.Neue Aspekte betreffen die generelle Nutzerstruktur und das Rechtekonzept des CTIS. Anforderungen, die bislang nur für Prüfpräparate/Placebo galten, gelten nun auch für Hilfspräparate. In der EU noch nicht zugelassene Prüf- und Hilfspräparate müssen in der Arzneimitteldatenbank XEVMPD registriert werden. Weitere wesentliche Neuerungen sind die Meldung von „schwerwiegenden Verstößen“, die Veröffentlichung relevanter Studiendokumente, die Einführung einer „laienverständlichen Zusammenfassung“, die Archivierungsdauer von 25 Jahren, das Konzept der „minimalinterventionellen klinischen Prüfung“ und die Möglichkeit einer Co-Sponsorenschaft.Die ersten Erfahrungen bei der Antragstellung zeigen, dass das neue System noch weiter verbessert werden muss. Dies betrifft z. B. die EU-weite Harmonisierung der Anforderungen und die Behebung technischer Mängel. Mittel- und langfristig dürften aber Erleichterungen in Bezug auf regulatorische Prozesse spürbar sein. Hier sind intensivierte Absprachen mit nationalen Oberbehörden und Ethikkommissionen, effektives Wissensmanagement und verbesserte Kommunikation gefragt.
Some implications of Ramsey Choice for families of $$\varvec{n}$$-element sets
Authors: Halbeisen Lorenz , Schumacher Salome 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor $$n\in \omega $$

n
∈
ω

, the weak choice principle $$\textrm{RC}_n$$

RC
n

is defined as follows:
For every infinite setXthere is an infinite subset$$Y\subseteq X$$

Y
⊆
X

with a choice function on$$[Y]^n:=\{z\subseteq Y:|z|=n\}$$

[
Y
]

n

:
=

{
z
⊆
Y
:
|
z
|
=
n
}

.
The choice principle $$\textrm{C}_n^-$$

C
n
-

states the following:
For every infinite family ofn-element sets, there is an infinite subfamily$${\mathcal {G}}\subseteq {\mathcal {F}}$$

G
⊆
F

with a choice function.
The choice principles $$\textrm{LOC}_n^-$$

LOC
n
-

and $$\textrm{WOC}_n^-$$

WOC
n
-

are the same as $$\textrm{C}_n^-$$

C
n
-

, but we assume that the family $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
is linearly orderable (for $$\textrm{LOC}_n^-$$

LOC
n
-

) or well-orderable (for $$\textrm{WOC}_n^-$$

WOC
n
-

). In the first part of this paper, for $$m,n\in \omega $$

m
,
n
∈
ω

we will give a full characterization of when the implication $$\textrm{RC}_m\Rightarrow \textrm{WOC}_n^-$$

RC
m

⇒

WOC
n
-

holds in $${\textsf {ZF}}$$
ZF
. We will prove the independence results by using suitable Fraenkel-Mostowski permutation models. In the second part, we will show some generalizations. In particular, we will show that $$\textrm{RC}_5\Rightarrow \textrm{LOC}_5^-$$

RC
5

⇒

LOC
5
-

and that $$\textrm{RC}_6\Rightarrow \textrm{C}_3^-$$

RC
6

⇒

C
3
-

, answering two open questions from Halbeisen and Tachtsis (Arch Math Logik 59(5):583–606, 2020). Furthermore, we will show that $$\textrm{RC}_6\Rightarrow \textrm{C}_9^-$$

RC
6

⇒

C
9
-

and that $$\textrm{RC}_7\Rightarrow \textrm{LOC}_7^-$$

RC
7

⇒

LOC
7
-

.
Abuse, dependence and withdrawal associated with fentanyl and the role of its (designated) route of administration: an analysis of spontaneous reports from Europe
Authors: Jobski Kathrin , Bantel Carsten , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Fentanyl, a highly potent synthetic opioid used in cancer and non-cancer pain, is approved for various routes of administration. In Europe, fentanyl consumption increased substantially in the last decades but information on abuse, dependence and withdrawal associated with fentanyl is scarce, especially with respect to its different formulations.

Methods
We analysed case characteristics of spontaneous reports of suspected fentanyl-associated abuse, dependence or withdrawal from European countries recorded in the EudraVigilance database up to 2018 with respect to the (designated) routes of administration and potential indications.

Results
A total of 985 reports were included (mainly from France and Germany) with 43% of cases referring to transdermal fentanyl. Median age was 45 years (48.8% female) and 21.6% had musculoskeletal disorders. Only 12.6% of those using transdermal fentanyl had a cancer diagnosis compared to 40.2% and 26.8% of those using intranasal and oral transmucosal fentanyl, respectively. Depression was common (10.7%) and highest in cases with musculoskeletal disorders (24.9%) as was the use of benzodiazepines. Overall, 39.5% of reports resulted in a prolonged hospital stay and for 23.2% a fatal outcome was recorded. The respective proportions were especially high in cases with musculoskeletal disorders (56.3% with prolonged hospitalisation) and in those using transdermal fentanyl (35.2% fatalities).

Conclusions
In suspected cases of abuse, dependence or withdrawal, fentanyl was mainly used for non-cancer pain indications and most often as transdermal formulations. Depression and prolonged hospitalisations were common, especially in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, indicating a vulnerable patient group and complex treatment situations.
The common HLA class I-restricted tumor-infiltrating T cell response in HPV16-induced cancer
Authors: Santegoets Saskia J. , Welters Marij J. P. , Schrikkema Deborah S. , Freriks Manon R. , Kok Hanna , Weissbrich Bianca , van den Branden Anouk , Linnemann Carsten , Schumacher Ton N. , Adhikary Sabina , Bendle Gavin , van der Burg Sjoerd H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmunotherapies targeting truly tumor-specific targets focus on the expansion and activation of T cells against neoantigens or oncogenic viruses. One target is the human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16), responsible for several anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Spontaneous and vaccine-induced HPV-specific T cells have been associated with better clinical outcome. However, the epitopes and restriction elements to which these T cells respond remained elusive. To identify CD8+ T cell epitopes in cultures of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, we here used multimers and/or a functional screening platform exploiting single HLA class I allele-engineered antigen presenting cells. This resulted in the detection of 20 CD8+ T cell responses to 11 different endogenously processed HLA-peptide combinations within 12 HPV16-induced tumors. Specific HLA-peptide combinations dominated the response in patients expressing these HLA alleles. T cell receptors (TCRs) reactive to seven different HLA class I-restricted peptides could be isolated and analysis revealed tumor reactivity for five of the six TCRs analyzed. The tumor reactive TCRs to these dominant HLA class I peptide combinations can potentially be used to engineer tumor-specific T cells for adoptive cell transfer approaches to treat HPV16-induced cancers.
A Time Trend Analysis of 5,000 Robotic Thyroidectomies via Bilateral Axillo‐Breast Approach
Authors: Kwak JungHak , Yu Hyeong Won , Ahn Jong‐hyuk , Kim Su‐jin , Chai Young Jun , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the time trends of surgical outcomes in patients who underwent bilateral axillo‐breast approach robotic thyroidectomy (BABA RT) over the last 14 years.
MethodsFrom February 2008 to September 2021, we conducted a retrospective medical chart review of 5,011 consecutive patients who underwent BABA RT at three Seoul National University‐affiliated hospitals. The patients were divided into three groups based on the main model of the da Vinci robotic surgical system to evaluate trends in surgical treatment strategies and outcomes after BABA RT.
ResultsOf the 5,011 patients (4,706 malignant and 305 benign), the most common histological subtype was papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 4,584; 97.4%). The mean tumor size significantly increased from 0.8 cm to 1.2 cm (p < 0.05). The mean numbers of metastatic and harvested lymph nodes from the central neck dissection and the lateral neck dissection showed a significant difference and tendency to increase (from 0.9 to 1.6, 4.7 to 6.2, p < 0.05, and from 0.6 to 3.9, 5.3 to 17.9, p < 0.05), respectively, throughout the study period. Permanent hypoparathyroidism decreased from 3.4 to 2.9%. The rate of transient and permanent vocal cord palsy decreased from 15.2 to 2.7% and from 0.7 to 0.2%, respectively.ConclusionWith advancements in robotic surgical systems and improvements in the BABA RT technique, surgical indications have expanded to include more advanced thyroid diseases, and surgical outcomes have improved over the last 14 years.
Lithium polymer electrolytes for novel batteries application: the review perspective
Authors: Szczęsna-Chrzan Anna , Marczewski Maciej , Syzdek Jarosław , Kochaniec Maria Krystyna , Smoliński Maciej , Marcinek Marek 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBeyond liquid electrolytes, the development of other electrolyte systems is needed to cover all needs for novel batteries suited for detailed usage. Lithium polymer electrolytes for next-generation batteries cover a broad range of emerging energy applications, including their further investigation of solid polymer ionic conductors. Possibility of transferring Li+ cations through the unique polymer structure forces modifications of a solid polymer electrolyte. The host matrix is immobile, while long-range cation transport must involve dissociative steps where solvated cations are transferred between neighboring coordination sites, in combination with migration and diffusion of ion aggregates weakly coordinated to the polymer solvent. Most of the current models can be successfully applied to amorphous monophase systems. There are many concepts leading to the increase in flexibility, conductivity performance, and extended storage time for several months, which might be useful for even very demanding battery applications. This review provides readers with a comprehensive background for understanding current knowledge and opportunities for lithium polymer electrolytes.
Physiological Study of Ethephon- and ACC-Induced Fruitlet and Leaf Abscission in Peach Trees Under Different Conditions of Temperature
Authors: Torres Estanis , Asín Luís 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the ability of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon, ETH) and the 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) to induce ethylene production in fruitlets and abscission of fruitlets and leaves when applied at postbloom (~15 mm fruit diameter) was studied using 5-year-old ‘Sweet Lady’/Rootpac-20 peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees kept in pots in environment-controlled growth rooms. ETH at 150 mg L−1 and ACC at 500 mg L−1 effectively thinned peaches. Increasing the temperature from 10 to 20 °C pronounced the ETH-induced fruit and leaf abscission and the ACC-induced leaf abscission and decreased stomatal conductance in leaves. However, the ACC thinning effect was not affected by increasing temperature, as well as ETH- and ACC-induced ethylene production in fruitlets and in the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. Changes in ethylene peak in fruitlets and stomatal conductance in leaves were related to the abscission response.