bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the Pediatric Specific Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Scoring Systems for the Elbow, Wrist, and Finger Joints
Authors: Vega-Fernandez Patricia , Esteban Ysabella , Oberle Edward , Proulx-Gauthier Jean-Philippe , Clark Matthew , Shenoi Susan , Thatayatikom Akaluck , Benham Heather , Brunner Emily J. , Woolnough Leandra , Henrickson Michael , Pratt Laura R. , De Ranieri Deirdre , Hoffmann Sarah , Janow Ginger , Bukulmez Hulya , Altaye Mekibib , Cassedy Amy , Ting Tracy V. , Roth Johannes 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is increasingly being used in the evaluation of pediatric musculoskeletal diseases. In order to provide objective assessments of arthritis, reliable MSUS scoring systems are needed. Recently, joint-specific scoring systems for arthritis of the pediatric elbow, wrist, and finger joints were proposed by the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) MSUS workgroup. This study aimed to assess the reliability of these scoring systems when used by sonographers with different levels of expertise.MethodsMembers of the CARRA MSUS workgroup attended training sessions for scoring the elbow, wrist, and finger. Subsequently, scoring exercises of B mode and power Doppler (PD) mode still images for each joint were performed. Interreader reliability was determined using 2-way single-score intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for synovitis and Cohenfor tenosynovitis.ResultsSeventeen pediatric rheumatologists with different levels of MSUS expertise (1-15 yrs) completed a 2-hour training session and calibration exercise for each joint. Excellent reliability (ICC > 0.75) was found after the first scoring exercise for all the finger and elbow views evaluated on B mode and PD mode, and for all of the wrist views on B mode. After a second training session and a scoring exercise, the wrist PD mode views reached excellent reliability as well.ConclusionThe preliminary CARRA MSUS scoring systems for assessing arthritis of the pediatric elbow, wrist, and finger joints demonstrate excellent reliability among pediatric MSUS sonographers with different levels of expertise. With further validation, this reliable joint-specific scoring system could serve as a clinical tool and scientific outcome measure.
Les exilés protestants hongrois au centre de la diplomatie européenne
Authors: Kovalská Eva , Franchet d’Espèrey Laure 
Published: October 2022

Le royaume de Hongrie a été au centre de l’attention de la diplomatie internationale en tant que pays frontalier et champ de bataille avec les Ottomans. Les affaires des protestants se sont toutefois avérées être un facteur important dans le jeu diplomatique. C’est alors que les protestants hongrois commencèrent à être mentionnés à la Diète impériale (Immerwährender Reichstag), même si la Hongrie n’appartenait pas aux territoires de l’Empire ; elle était encore moins liée au système d’équilibre des pouvoirs après 1648. Les interventions s’intensifièrent après 1670, lorsque se déclencha un phénomène d’exil hongrois qui se mit à jouer un rôle inattendu dans la politique et la diplomatie internationales. Cette contribution retrace les interventions des envoyés des royaumes protestants auprès de la cour impériale afin d’aider les protestants de Hongrie et, plus encore, ceux qui avaient été expulsés ou condamnés aux galères à Naples.
S’adapter, négocier ou subir ? Être réfugié politique dans le Puy-de-Dôme, 1823-1848
Authors: Cordier-Montvenoux Camille 
Published: October 2022

Le département du Puy-de-Dôme a été l’un des théâtres de l’accueil de réfugiés politiques au cours du premier XIXe siècle, alors que s’élabore progressivement un arsenal législatif visant à encadrer ces individus tout en essayant de délimiter les contours du réfugié. Administrer l’exil ne se limite pas seulement à la surveillance, au comptage et à l’étroit contrôle – tout relatif qu’il soit – de ces populations. Il s’agit aussi de gérer le quotidien des réfugiés au rythme des arrivées, des déplacements internes et des amnisties. L’échelle locale permet d’observer les stratégies d’accueil mises en place en confrontant les points de vue entre des velléités nationales et des enjeux locaux. Elle permet également de mettre en lumière le rôle actif des réfugiés qui prennent pleinement part à leur propre gestion, s’adaptant rapidement aux rouages de l’administration française, jouant le rôle d’intermédiaires ou cherchant à s’émanciper des normes qui leur sont imposées.
Impact of Dual Intensive Care Unit and Rapid Response Team Nursing Roles on Service Delivery in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fildes Clinton , Munt Rebecca , Chamberlain Diane 
Published: October 2022

Background
Rapid response teams generally consist of multidisciplinary specialist staff members with advanced knowledge and skills to manage deteriorating patients outside of the intensive care unit. These teams consist predominantly of intensive care unit nurses, who often undertake intensive care unit and rapid response team duties concurrently. Little has been published on the impact of these nurses’ absence while attending a rapid response call on the nursing workforce, patient care, and resource allocation in the intensive care unit.

Objective
To explore the impact of nurses’ absence due to attending rapid response calls in other areas of the hospital on service delivery and resource allocation in the intensive care unit.

Methods
A comprehensive search of 3 databases was performed to identify studies on relationships among the rapid response team, the intensive care unit, and nursing staff.

Results
The search yielded 6 quantitative studies, 2 qualitative studies, and a mixed-methods study that were included for analysis. Four key themes were identified: (1) workforce, staffing processes, and resource allocation; (2) alterations to workload and resource allocation; (3) adverse events or incidents; and (4) funding variability of rapid response team models. Review of the studies indicated that dual intensive care unit and rapid response team nursing roles have negative effects on nurses’ workload, increase the risk of adverse events, and may compromise patient safety.

Conclusion
The staffing of both the intensive care unit and the rapid response team should be examined carefully with an eye toward sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and clear outcome measures.
Preventing Medical Device–Related Pressure Injuries Due to Noninvasive Ventilation Masks and Nasal Cannulas
Authors: Duerst Kaitlyn Jenae , Clark Austin William , Hudson Diane Grace Brage , Struwe Leeza Ann 
Published: October 2022

Background
Medical device–related pressure injuries attributed to oxygen delivery devices are common yet preventable. Pressure injuries increase hospital costs, patients’ length of stay, and mortality rates.

Objective
To decrease medical device–related pressure injuries by transitioning patients from an over-the-nose noninvasive ventilation mask to a single-headset, interchangeable under-the-nose and over-the-nose noninvasive ventilation mask; replacing polyvinyl chloride nasal cannulas with a softer nasal cannula; and providing staff education on preventing pressure injuries related to oxygen delivery devices.

Methods
The project was implemented on 4 adult inpatient units with a total of 75 inpatient beds at an academic medical center. Interventions included implementing the trial noninvasive ventilation masks and nasal cannulas, alternating masks every 4 hours, relocating protective dressings, promoting the use of protective dressings for over-the-nose oral-nasal masks, and educating health care staff.

Results
In the 2 months before implementation (September and October 2020), 1 medical device–related pressure injury was caused by a noninvasive ventilation mask and 4 injuries were caused by nasal cannulas. During the 2 months of trial implementation (November and December 2020), no pressure injuries developed in patients using the trial devices.

Discussion
The interventions implemented had clinically relevant results. A larger sample size would be necessary to determine statistical significance. Postintervention data indicated a need for further education on evidence-based practice guidelines on mask alternation and use of preventive dressings to bolster compliance.

Conclusion
Following institutional approval, all noninvasive ventilation masks and nasal cannulas were transitioned to the trial devices at the study institution.
Effect of Thermal Processing on the <em>In Vitro</em> Bioavailability of Minerals and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Indian Almond (<em>Terminalia catappa</em>) Nut
Authors: Saibu G. M. , Adu O. B. , Ogunrinola O. O. , Ogun S. O. , Adeyemo G. A. , Oguntibeju O. O. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Terminalia catappa L. (Indian almond) is an underutilized crop rich in minerals but investigation and information on the bioavailability of minerals and the presence of anti-nutritional factors in the nut is lacking. Several traditional food-processing methods are used domestically to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients and decrease the effects of anti-nutrients in plant-based diets. This study was therefore intended to determine the effect of thermal processing on anti-nutritional factors and in vitro digestibility of minerals of Terminalia catappa nuts. The mineral concentration (Na, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn) of raw and processed T. catappa seed were determined. The mineral concentration of the raw T. catappa nut was significantly higher (p
Data driven human resource management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
Authors: Majam Tasneem , Jarbandhan Dawchund B. 
Published: October 2022

Background: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has brought with it opportunities to improve government services. Amongst the services that have benefited from the 4IR is policy-making and organisational design. However, recent studies have indicated that the 4IR and big data can improve public resources, especially human resources (HR) for instance in managing employee performance, promotions, retention and talent management by using data analytical tools to improve service delivery.Aim: To analyse how big data can be used to optimise public service human resource management (HRM).Setting: The South African Public Service.Methods: This study is based on a theoretical and conceptual analysis in order to explore the complex nature of HR data analytics for the South Africa Public Service. This will be supported through a literature review in order to draw rich information to support the underlining assumptions and implications of the concepts under this study.Results: The literature indicates that big data usage within the South African Public Service is limited. Moreover, this article found that it is important for HR specialists to use forecasting and data applications to anticipate where the supply and demand for skills would be needed in order to capacitate and improve service delivery.Conclusion: It was concluded that big data is primarily used in the private sector with the public sector latching onto its utility in countries such as Australia, New Zealand and South Korea. The opportunity is ripe for the South African Public Service to investigate the use of big data to improve public services.
A case of severe endogenous endophthalmitis with orbital cellulitis post COVID-19
Authors: Letsoalo Herold L. , Mathebula Solani D. 
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel pandemic viral illness which may lead to severe respiratory diseases. However, its ophthalmic manifestations are still not well understood. There could be serious complications involving various organs in patients with the disease and in those who are recovering, or have recovered, from COVID-19. Endogenous endophthalmitis, was a rare occurrence in the past but has increased in the post-COVID-19 pandemic. Endogenous endophthalmitis results from hematogenous spread from a remote primary source. A 55-year-old man with confirmed COVID-19 presented to a local hospital with unilateral gradual loss of vision and swelling of the left eye that occurred 10 days after discharge from the hospital. Based on detailed ophthalmic examination, this patient with a co-morbidity, namely diabetes mellitus was placed in the intensive care unit where he was given corticosteroids and ventilation for two weeks. Most patients requiring mechanical ventilation may experience disorders of the eye, and it may be difficult to treat these occurrences while the patient remains in ICU. COVID-19 can lead to ocular complications especially in the late stages of infection. Follow-up of post COVID-19 patients is crucial to monitor possible ocular complaints including endophthalmitis as early diagnosis and treatment is essential to salvage vision.Contribution: There is a possible link between COVID-19 and endophthalmitis, which is a rare but devastating eye infection. The medical community should consider the eye when evaluating the role of anti-infectious treatment and immunomodulation.
Flood risk perception, disaster preparedness and response in flood-prone urban communities of Rivers State
Authors: Elum Zelda A. , Lawal Olanrewaju 
Published: October 2022

Rapid urbanisation is contributing to increasing societal vulnerability to disaster. This study aimed at exploring the perception on flood risk and ascertaining the determinants of disaster preparedness among residents in flood-prone urban communities. Descriptive statistics and discriminant regression model were employed on primary data collected from 240 urban households across five communities at risk of flooding in the study area. The results showed that most households had low awareness of flood risk and exhibit low levels of adaptive capacity, having adopted little or no measures to deal with disaster floods. Also, awareness of flood risk was observed to discriminate the most between the two groups of adopters and nonadopters of flood preventive and management measures (proxy for disaster preparedness), followed by flood risk perception, age, location and household size.Contribution: The study suggests an integrated approach (a combination of preventive, protective and control measures) by all stakeholders, including government and other relevant bodies, increasing public awareness of flood risk and its attending effects for greater responsiveness, supporting communities in regular clearing of drainage areas and strictly regulating the construction of buildings, particularly in flood prone areas.
Characterisation and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica from various meat categories, South Africa
Authors: Seakamela Emmanuel M. , Diseko Letlhogonolo , Malatji Dikeledi , Makhado Lavhelesani , Motau Mmatau , Jambwa Kudakwashe , Magwedere Kudakwashe , Ntushelo Nombasa , Matle Itumeleng 
Published: October 2022

Yersinia enterocolitica infections impose a significant public health and socioeconomic burden on human population in many countries. The current study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular diversity of Y. enterocolitica in meat and meat products across various retail outlets in selected provinces of South Africa (SA). In a cross-sectional study, a total of 581 retail meat and meat products were collected from four cities across three provinces of SA. Samples were from beef and pork products, which included 292 raw intact, 167 raw processed, and 122 ready-to-eat (RTE) meats. Samples were analysed using classical microbiological methods for isolation, identification and biotyping of Y. enterocolitica. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for confirmation, serotyping, screening of virulence (n = 11) and antimicrobial resistance (n = 18) genes. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined against 12 antibiotics discs, using disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence of 12% (70/581) was reported across all cities with contamination proportion reported in samples collected from raw intact 15% (43/292), followed by raw processed 11% (18/167) and RTE meats 7% (9/122). All positive isolates were of biotype 1A with 7% (5/70) belonging to bioserotype 1A/O:8. Most of the isolates harboured ymoA, ystB, fepD, ail, fepA, invA and myfA virulence genes. High antimicrobial resistance frequency was observed for ampicillin (94%), cephalothin (83%) and amoxicillin (41%), respectively. Of the 18 tested antimicrobial resistance genes, blaTEM was the most predominant (40%) followed by cmlA (21%). This study reveals the presence of antimicrobial resistant Y. enterocolitica possessing virulent genes of public health importance in products of animal origin, therefore, health monitoring and surveillance of this pathogen is required.
Youth participation in agriculture, accounting for entrepreneurial dimensions
Authors: Henning Johannes I.F. , Jammer Brent D. , Jordaan Henry 
Published: October 2022

Background: Despite the high youth unemployment levels, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, participation in the agricultural sector remains low. The agricultural sector provides valuable opportunities of employment, which could contribute towards relieving the high levels of unemployment and enhancing livelihoods of families in rural areas. Youth are also seen as the future of the agricultural sector and food production.Aim: To determine whether entrepreneurial dimensions, along with assets within the sustainable livelihoods framework, influences participation of youth in the agricultural sector.Setting: Focus is on youth and the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on their participation in the agricultural sector.Methods: Entrepreneurial dimensions of 440 youth participants were derived from statements related to entrepreneurial skills and competencies by means of principal component analysis and combined with factors from the sustainable livelihood framework in a multinomial logistic regression.Results: It was found that the youth are heterogeneous in their endogenous and exogenous resources. Youth involved in the sector are more likely to have access to land and extension services, experience in the sector and support initiatives. In terms of entrepreneurial dimensions, youth involved are more inclined to believe in themselves and are more likely to take advantage of opportunities (pull entrepreneurship). The results show that policies and programmes should consider both endogenous and exogenous factors and combinations thereof to attract and enhance youth participation in the agricultural sector.Conclusion: Policy and programme development should consider the heterogeneity of youth in terms of their access to resources and entrepreneurial dimensions to enhance their participation in the agricultural sector. Participation in agriculture requires more than only access to land, and other individual physical resources attention should also be given to endogenous factors of individuals and combinations of different resources.
Delays in third-line antiretroviral therapy and outcomes in North West province
Authors: Majova Babalwa , Variava Ebrahim , Martinson Neil 
Published: October 2022

Background: Rapid switching from second-line to third-line antiretroviral therapy (TLART) is crucial for achieving viral suppression and reducing illness related to ART failure.Objectives: This retrospective cohort study quantified the waiting periods for TLART initiation after virological failure on second-line therapy was detected, assessed factors associated with delays and assessed the outcomes of patients started on TLART.Method: Data were abstracted from records of individuals eligible for TLART, and the time to TLART initiation was calculated. Reasons for delays were categorised according to patient, clinician and administrative processes.Results: Fifty-four patients were eligible for TLART. The median delay from the date of first viral load 1000 copies/mL on second-line therapy to the start of TLART was 640 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 451–983 days). Of the patients that failed second-line and had an application for TLART, 41 (75.6%) were eventually initiated on TLART, and 11 (20.4%) died while waiting. Delays were primarily due to non-response to the first unsuppressed viral load while on second-line ART: 467 days (IQR: 232–803 days).Conclusion: This study showed a prolonged waiting period for TLART initiation mainly between detected high viral load to requesting of resistance tests; many factors could have contributed, including clinicians’ delayed responses to elevated viral loads. Mortality was high before TLART could be initiated. The process of TLART initiation needs to be made more efficient. Healthcare services should be strengthened to (1) recognise and manage virological failure early and identify those eligible for resistance testing, (2) ensure access to resistance testing and appropriately skilled clinicians, and (3) streamline approvals and delivery of TLART.
Characteristics of hospitalised COVID-19 patients during the first two pandemic waves, Gauteng
Authors: Sikhosana Mpho L. , Jassat Waasila , Makatini Zinhle 
Published: October 2022

Background: Gauteng province (GP) was one of the most affected provinces in the country during the first two pandemic waves in South Africa. We aimed to describe the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted in one of the largest quaternary hospitals in GP during the first two waves.Objectives: Study objectives were to determine factors associated with hospital admission during the second wave and to describe factors associated with in-hospital COVID-19 mortality.Method: Data from a national hospital-based surveillance system of COVID-19 hospitalisations were used. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to compare patients hospitalised during wave 1 and wave 2, and to determine factors associated with in-hospital mortality.Results: The case fatality ratio was the highest (39.95%) during wave 2. Factors associated with hospitalisation included age groups 40–59 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–4.27), 60–79 years (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.23–5.02) and ≥ 80 years (aOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.35–8.49). Factors associated with in–hospital mortality included age groups 60–79 years (aOR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.11–5.84) and ≥ 80 years (aOR: 5.66, 95% CI: 2.12–15.08); male sex (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.22–1.99); presence of an underlying comorbidity (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.26), as well as being admitted during post–wave 2 (aOR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.33–4.42).Conclusion: Compared to the recent omicron-driven pandemic waves characterised by lower admission rates and less disease severity among younger patients, COVID-19 in-hospital mortality during the earlier waves was associated with older age, being male and having an underlying comorbidity.Contribution: This study showed how an active surveillance system can contribute towards identifying changes in disease trends.