bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of a Case With Clinical and Pathologic Features of Castleman Disease That Predates Castleman's Report by More Than 50 Years
Authors: Pai Sanjay A. , Naresh Kikkeri N. , Borges Anita M. 
Published: March 2022

Context.—
In 1954, Benjamin Castleman, MD, described what was then believed to be a new entity in lymph node pathology. Initially labeled “Hyperplasia of the mediastinal node” and then “Localized mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia resembling thymoma,” we now recognize the condition with the eponym “Castleman disease.” We document a paper that describes the same condition, a half century before Castleman did.

Objective.—
To report the striking resemblance between Castleman disease and the lymph node reported in the paper published by Edwin R. LeCount, MD, titled “Lymphoma, a benign tumor representing a lymph gland in structure,” published in Journal of Experimental Medicine in 1899. We also provide an overview of the remarkable achievements of LeCount.

Design.—
We compared the elucidation in the original paper by LeCount with the morphologic details in the papers published by Castleman et al. Material on the life of LeCount was compiled from the scientific literature, the Internet, and the files of the University of Chicago.

Results.—
LeCount's description and illustrations of the lymph node are uncannily similar to the onion-skinning and vascularity that Castleman documented.

Conclusions.—
LeCount deserves credit for his depiction of a hitherto-unreported entity.
Biogenic elements in terrestrial substrates, freshwater pools and subice seamples of the Argentine islands – Kyiv peninsula region, the Maritime Antarctic
Authors: Yarovyi O. , Yevchun H. , Pishniak D. , Parnikoza I. 
Published: March 2022

Aim. The aim was to estimate inflow of nitrogen and phosphorus to the terrestrial substrate, freshwater pools, as well as in the ice core and subglacial waters, from the sea-bird colonies, and locations of non-colonial flying birds, or individual colonial birds activity. Methods. The samples of substrates, fresh waters, ice cores and samples from the subglacial waters collected during the 25th (2019/20) and 26th (2020/21) Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions in the area of the Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula were analyzed by selected indicators of ornithogenic impact – concentration of bioaviable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Results. The concentration for nitrogen and phosphorus are shown to be ornitogenic in samples from all explored locations. High concentrations of ornithogenic compounds were detected not only inflowing from birds colonies, in particular penguins, but also in samples without their influence. Conclusions. The obtained data confirm the high level of influence of both colonial and non-colonial birds on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems of the Argentine Islands-Kyiv Peninsula. It is shown that the edifying effect and inflow of significant amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus occurs not only in large penguin colonies, but also in single nesting or feeding and resting areas of non-colonial flying birds, or in the presence of individual colonial birds in the study area. However, in the locations of large penguin colonies, easily disolved bioavailable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus are found in much higher, hypertrophic concentrations. Relatively low concentrations of nutrients are currently found only in areas that have recently been released from the glacier and remain uninhabited, unattractive or inaccessible to birds. Such locations are currently marked only on the coast of the Kyiv Peninsula and are associated with the recent retreat of local glaciers. In case of the presence of penguins or the activity of non-colonial or individual colonial birds, all studied freshwater pools were eutrophied to varying extend. The dynamics of organic matter inflow to some of the studied freshwater pools of the region probably indicates the permanent eutrophication. Studies of the ice core of the Galindez Island Glacier and subglacial freshwaters have shown that ornithogenic effects have been observed here for a long time.Key words: eutrophication, seabirds, the Antarctic, substrates, freshwater pools.
Growing into democracy, justification and autonomy for youth in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Sjöstedt William 
Published: March 2022

Is it legitimate to exclude youth from Denmark and Sweden’s democracies? This article starts from the ideal that democracy and personal autonomy are deeply connected, in theory and in the context. A policy analysis is conducted on youth participation and autonomy from a critical perspective of democracy as justification of a social order. The aim is to clarify the normative background of youth exclusion contextually and evaluate its legitimacy. The analysis shows that the primary purpose of inclusion is development of capacity for autonomy and that the right to ethical autonomy is respected unless it threatens development of future autonomy. However, a wide set of legal and social responsibilities placed on young people have no corresponding democratic rights, motivated by a lack of capacity for autonomy. This is a form of arbitrary rule, and youth are justified to demand more access to democratic participation.
Keywords: democratic legitimacy, critical theory, youth, Denmark, Sweden
Le choix d’un métier à risque : fantassin de l’infanterie canadienne en temps de guerre
Authors: Chapman Jean-François , Pacom Diane 
Published: March 2022

In our opinion, academic research into why young Canadians choose a military career in times of war
remains very peripheral. Nevertheless, during Canada’s mission in Afghanistan, many young people
joined the Canadian Armed Forces, including as infantry soldiers. We address this phenomenon as a way
of reflecting on the sociological, cultural, and existential factors that lead young people to make such a
career choice – one that, in the contemporary context, remains unconventional and can prove fatal. The
notion of risk taking and the role it plays in the lives and career choices of certain young people serves as
both the starting point and common thread for our analysis.
Práxis reflexiva e compreensão do currículo
Authors: Lôbo Gustavo Adolfo d'Almeida , Lima Kátia Regina Rodrigues , De Paula Alisson Slider do Nascimento 
Published: March 2022

O artigo tem o objetivo de expor ações desenvolvidas no âmbito do subprojeto do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) do curso de História da Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos - FAFIDAM. Adota uma metodologia explicativa, na qual um dos autores participou como agente formador no processo em tela e descreve as condições específicas da realização das ações desenvolvidas no programa de iniciação à docência em um campus de uma universidade pública no interior do Ceará, a partir de discussões teóricas, da construção de uma prática formativa que enfoca a práxis reflexiva na formação de docentes para que estes tenham uma postura crítico-reflexiva sobre sua atividade de ensino e sobre o mundo em que estão inseridos. Toma também como referência central a compreensão sobre os aspectos explícitos e ocultos que compõem o currículo e como se portar no sentido de suplantar as limitações que este impõe a um ensino de história que objetive uma formação libertária. O texto conclui que há a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações que enfatizem e possibilitem a postura crítico-reflexiva dos futuros professores e ações que venham a contribuir para a construção de um novo currículo para o ensino de história que contemple as especificidades sócio-culturais dos espaços educativos e do seu público-alvo.
Student’s Awareness of Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) in Higher Education
Authors: Nayak Kunu , Binjha Praveen Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Aims: The study is based on the familiarity of students with different types of free and open-source software (foss) and explores the students’ awareness. It also explored the factors influencing the awareness of students about free and open-source software (foss).
Study Design: A descriptive survey method has been adopted and purposive sampling techniques used for data collection.
Place and duration of Study: The study took place in three Odisha state universities between January 2019 and April 2019.
Methodology: The samples comprise 80 post-`students from three Odisha state universities viz Ravenshaw University, and Utkal university. Included sample from each university selected randomly. The data were analyzed by percentage and frequency of responses of respondents
Results the findings indicate the majority of the students were highly aware of the usage and benefits of foss. Social media, course syllabus, and conferences/seminars are the major factors influencing the awareness of students about free and open-source software while lacking awareness, lack of institutional support, orientation, and training on the use of foss tools are the major factor responsible for foss adoption.
Conclusion: Further, the findings suggest that foss tools can be adopted for educational purposes like research, teaching-learning, data gathering, interpretation, representation, etc and it is an alternative to proprietary software. Teachers and curriculum developers should re-evaluate and re-frame the curriculum of higher education giving attention to this area.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Involvement in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis
Authors: Saad Mahmoud E. , Abdel–Megied Ahmed E. S. , El–Mezayen Hatem , Farouk Omar , Refaat Sherif , M. Hamed Sahar 
Published: March 2022

Background: According to GLOBOCAN estimates, breast cancer was found to be the most often diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, (11.7%) and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality (6.9%). The present study was aimed to evaluate the involvement of oxidative stress on breast cancer carcinogenesis in Egyptian population.
Methods: Lipid peroxidation as evidenced by malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) stress as well as the status of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were estimated in serum of 163 breast cancer patients. Correlations between oxidative/ antioxidant profile and different prognostic variables in BC patients were estimated.
Results: Lipid peroxidation in BC was enhanced in response to cancer stage and tumor size (p < 0.01). Similarly, NO was increase in response to NPI, Her2/neu and cancer stage (p < 0.02). Inversely in antioxidant, SOD was decrease in response to Her2/neu only (p < 0.002). While, TAC was increase in response to cancer stage and tumor size (p < 0.01). We found that oxidative/antioxidant status was dependent on NPI, Her2/neu, cancer stage and tumor size of BC patients.
Conclusion: Higher oxidative stress generation and lower SOD activity were found in our study, which supports the oxidative stress concept in breast carcinogenesis.
Formulation and Characterization of Rutin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Srivani M. , Suvarchala Reddy N. V. L. , Priya G. Shanthi 
Published: March 2022

New drug delivery technologies are transforming drug discovery and development, as well as establishing research and development-focused pharmaceutical firms that are accelerating global progress. The bioactive rutin molecule is used in a wide range of food and medicinal goods. Its limited bioavailability and poor water solubility are major issues. Rutin is a polyphenolic natural compound with antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no research has been published to yet to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. As a result, an attempt was made in this study to load rutin into a nanoparticlulate system in order to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. Six formulations (F1-F6) of nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and were evaluated for particle size and shape using Zeta Sizer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The optimized formulation was further subjected to in vitro evaluation. Practical percent yield, drug entrapment efficiency and In vitro drug release were evaluated. Out of various formulations F1 have shown best results in particle size 80.71 (1-100 nm), particle shape (spherical nanoparticles with a smoothed surface), average size distribution (105.0), zeta potential (-20.6) percentage yield (70.83), drug entrapment efficiency (83.6%) and drug loading (95%). Pure rutin showed incomplete dissolution of 47.69% in 330 min while Rutin loaded nanoparticles gave 94.75% release in 330 min. It is obvious from the foregoing that rutin chitosan nanoparticles were used as a novel drug delivery technology to improve therapeutic efficacy and sustained release features while overcoming issues such as poor solubility and limited bioavailability.
Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception on Beans Postharvest Constraints and Their Mitigation Methods in the Humid Rainforest and Highland Ecozones of Cameroon
Authors: Andukwa Andukwa Henry , Ntonifor Nelson N. 
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study sought to assess farmers’ awareness and knowledge about bean postharvest constraints and their indigenous methods to mitigate them. Cameroon.
Study Design: Random interviewing of bean farmers.
Place and Duration of study: Interviewed farmers of the highland savanna and humid rainforest ecological zones which are two agro-ecological zones of Cameroon respectively from January 2017 to October 2018.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire was randomly distributed to 519 bean farmers in order to document their perceptions on various constraints hampering beans postharvest handling/storage and their indigenous methods of mitigating these constraints. Of these, 356 were from the highland savanna and 163 from the humid rainforest ecozones
Results: Most postharvest losses in beans are caused by insects and mold/rot. Insect pests were reported by 251 (69.5%) of farmers in the highland savanna and 134 (84.8%) in the humid rain forest, while mold/rot was reported by 108 (29.9%) of the farmers in the highland savanna and 11 (6.9%) in the humid rainforest. Farmers in both agro-ecological zones lacked adequate storage facilities, as reported by 147 (40.7%) in the highland savanna and 43% (275) in the humid rainforest. Most farmers in the highland savanna 118 (39.20%) and humid rainforest 67 (43.22%) stored bean grains for 1-3 months, though farmers in the highland savanna generally stored beans longer than those in the humid rainforest. The insect infestations were controlled mainly by using conventional pesticides and local plant materials while mold was mainly managed by proper drying of the produce.
Conclusions: To mitigate these constraints, an integrated approach of storing appropriately dried insect-free grains in moisture proof storage containers/facilities and judicious use of synthetic pesticides and/or proven effective botanicals should be adopted. Thus, farmers should be trained on good bean preservation methods and effective plant-based products.
Prevalence of Chronic Pulpitis among 13 to 17 Year Old Pediatric Patients Visiting Private Dental Institution in Chennai : A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dhivyadharshini J. , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pulpitis is a debilitating inflammation of the pulp of the tooth. Bacteria infiltrate the pulp of the tooth, causing it to swell. It may affect one or more teeth. Pulpitis comes in two varieties - acute and chronic. Chronic pulpitis is a long-term inflammation of the pulp tissue that results in permanent damage to the reliability of the pulp tissue.
Aim: To assess the prevalence of chronic pulpitis among 13 to 17 year old pediatric patients visiting the private dental institution in Chennai.
Materials and Methods: Case sheets of patients were obtained from Record management system software for analysis. Patients with chronic pulpitis within the age group 13 to 17 were selected and the sample size was found to be n = 165 patients. The collected data was then tabulated for statistical analysis using SPSS.
Results: From the results obtained in our study , chronic pulpitis was most prevalent in females with age of 16 particularly in mandibular molars (16.97% in 36 and 13.94% in 46).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that mandibular molars were commonly affected due to chronic pulpitis and by knowing the prevalence and pathophysiology of chronic pulpitis, dental clinicians can prevent the progression of this condition.
A Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Teeth Obturated with a Novel Sealer: Chitra CPC with Endosequence BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex and AH Plus
Authors: Varghese Remya , Koshy Minu , Anirudhan Subha , Roja Jayashree , Srinivas Vineetha Chakravarthy , Parthasarathy Ambalavanan 
Published: March 2022

Background: Bonding of sealer to root canal walls is likely to increase the integrity of the sealer-dentin interface during mechanical stresses, thus increasing resistance to fracture. Chitra-CPC sealer is an indigenously manufactured bioceramic material and has been used as bone graft and perforation repair material. When used as a sealer, it has good potential to reinforce the root strength in addition to excellent biocompatibility.
Aim: To compare the fracture resistance of teeth obturated with novel Calcium phosphate cement-based sealer viz. Chitra CPC with Endosequence BC sealer, MTA Fillapex and AH Plus
Methods and Material: The study was carried out in 100 single rooted extracted, decoronated mandibular premolars of length 11 mm. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20 for each group). Other than Group 1A and group1B, all other groups were restored with various endodontic sealers and obturated with Gutta Percha. In group1A, the teeth were left unprepared and unfilled (negative control), in group 1B, the teeth were left unobturated (positive control) In group 2, Epoxy resin based sealer (AHPlus ) ;In group 3, mineral trioxide aggregate–based sealer (MTAFill apex); In group 4, Calcium phosphate cement based sealer (Chitra-CPC);in group 5,Bioceramic based sealer(Endosequence BC ) were used. After 2 weeks all specimens were tested for fracture resistance using Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until the root fractured. The force required to fracture each specimen was recorded, and the data was analysed statistically.
Results: The fracture resistance values of Chitra –CPC and Endosequence BC sealer were significantly higher than that of positive control and comparable to negative control.
Conclusions: In contrast to MTA Fill apex and AH Plus, Chitra –CPC and Endosequence BC sealer increased the fracture resistance of teeth.
Protocol on Effects of Breast Caps on Breast Engorgement among Postnatal Mother
Authors: Kale Anita K. , Taksande Vaishali 
Published: March 2022

Breast Engorgement is defined as the physiologic process of body in postnatal mothers following birth, having sign and symptoms of painful swelling of the breast combine with sudden increase in milk volume. Resulting in Lymphatic and vascular blockage or obstruction and interstitial oedema, if not treated complications of nipples and breast arise such sore nipples, blebs, mastitis and plugged milk ducts. Pharmacological and alternative methods are available to manage breast engorgement. Hot and Cold compresses showed overall benefits without having side effects. but seeing the shape and contour of breast, hot water bag being flat does not fit to breast to give comfort to mother and also its rubber material cause irritation and allergic. The objectives of this study are to develop Breast Caps and study its effectiveness for management of Breast Engorgement. In this study research approach is Qualitative, Intervention study design, simple random sampling techniques is used to allocate 125 samples in experimental and 100 in control group. Experimental group will receive application of Breast Caps having temperature 43-460F, 10 -15 minutes, thrice a day for three consecutive days and control group will receive application of Hot Water Bag. Primary outcome will be development of Breast Caps and secondary outcome will be to study the effectiveness of breast caps which will show reduction in sign and symptoms of breast engorgement and pain level assess by using 6point self-rating breast engorgement scale(SPES) and visual analogue pain scale (VAS). Ethical approval was obtained from IEC, DMIMS(DU)/IEC/2020-21/8387.The study result and data will be disseminated in peer- review publication. The study result will be concluded that Breast Caps can be comfortably and effectively used for management the condition of Breast Engorgement in postnatal mothers in hospitals and also in home settings.
3D Printing of Auxetic Metamaterials with High‐Temperature and Programmable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ren Lei , Wu Wenzheng , Ren Luquan , Song Zhengyi , Liu Qingping , Li Bingqian , Wu Qian , Zhou Xueli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNegative Poisson's ratio mechanical metamaterials with typical auxetic behavior have great potential applications in aerospace and flexible electronics. However, the structure and properties of conventional mechanical metamaterials are fixed after fabrication, which greatly limit their applications. In recent years, some progress has been made in combining shape‐memory polymers (SMP) with 4D printing to develop auxetic metamaterials with programmable mechanical properties. Unfortunately the low‐temperature phase change of conventional SMP greatly hinders the further development of 4D printed mechanical metamaterials in the field of high‐temperature and high‐strength service. Here, the high‐performance polymer polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as the printing material is selected and a new mechanical metamaterial is prepared using fused deposition molding technology to program the material structure and properties by designing the structural parameters of the metamaterial mesh structure. In addition, thermal analysis shows that the printed samples have good thermal stability, including a phase change temperature of 170 °C, an initial thermal decomposition temperature greater than 500 °C, and qualified shape memory properties. Combining structural design with the shape memory properties of PEEK, reconfigurable metamaterial structure and properties are realized. Finally, 2D digital mesh structure is designed and fabricated with selective stretching strain positions and a stretchable circuit with constant resistance.
Chiral Aminomethylbinaphthol‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Epoxidation of Trisubstituted Acrylonitriles
Authors: Ogino Eri , Kuwano Satoru , Arai Takayoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChiral C2‐symmetric 3,3′‐bisaminomethyl‐binaphthol (AMB) is an organocatalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of trisubstituted acrylonitriles. Using cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as an oxidant, 3,3′‐bis((R,R)‐2‐phenylethylaminomethyl)‐(R)‐binaphthol (AMB2) catalyzed epoxidation of trans‐2‐aroyl‐3‐arylacrylonitriles at −30 °C to give the chiral epoxides as a single diastereomer with enantioselective manner ranging from 15% ee to 97% ee.magnified image
Iron‐Catalyzed Silylation and Spirocyclization of Biaryl‐Ynones: A Radical Cascade Process toward Silylated Spiro[5.5]trienones
Authors: Chen Fei , Zheng Yang , Yang Hao , Yang Qing‐Yun , Wu Lu‐Yan , Zhou Nengneng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIron‐catalyzed cascade silyl radical addition/6‐exo‐trig cyclization/dearomatization of biaryl ynones has been developed. This approach uses silane as the precursor of silyl radical as well as silylation reagent, 1,10‐phenanthroline as the ligand, andtert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. By employing this tandem process, a series of silylated spiro[5.5]trienones were prepared.magnified image