bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Hydrate Accumulation Related to Pockmarks and Faults in the Zhongjiannan Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Guangxu , Wang Xiujuan , Li Lin , Sun Luyi , Guo Yiqun , Lu Yintao , Li Wei , Wang Zhaoqi , Qian Jin , Yang Taotao , Wang Wenlong 
Published: June 2022

The amplitude and coherence attributes of three-dimensional (3D) seismic data are used to confirm gas hydrate occurrence and to delineate its distribution in the Zhongjiannan basin, South China Sea. High amplitude anomalies (HAAs) are distributed above or below the regional base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ), which intersect with the bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) or are interrupted by different types of pockmarks. The maximum amplitude attribute extracted along T1 (5.5 Ma) horizon is controlled by the widely distributed faults. The layer-bound polygonal faults (PFs) show networks of small normal faults, and the dominant orientations of PFs are similar or orthogonal to the regional tectonic faults, which provide the fluid migration pathways for gas and fluids to form HAAs. BSR shows the strong amplitude and continuous reflection where the faults or PFs can reach the BGHSZ without the influence of the pockmarks. Most of the pockmarks are related to the reactivation of faults and magmation, and some pockmarks are caused by the dissociation of gas hydrate. Around the matured pockmark, the BSR is discontinuous, and HAAs locally appear within the pockmarks. The inverted acoustic impedance profile shows obviously high values of HAAs except in pockmark zones. Partial HAAs occur above BGHSZ, and the continuity is interrupted by the pockmarks with only high values around the pockmarks. We propose that BSR, HAAs, pockmarks, and different types of faults are closely related to the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrates in the study area. This work allows us to understand the relationship between gas hydrate occurrence and accumulation with pockmarks, faults, and magmatic activities.
Processing Method of Soil Temperature Time Series and Its Application in Geothermal Heat Flow
Authors: Yang Liming , Song Rongcai , Dong Ben , Yin Likun , Fan Yifan , Zhang Bo , Wang Ziwei , Wang Yingchun , Dong Shuyi 
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, geothermal resources have become one of the important means for mankind to solve global energy problems and environmental problems, and the exploration and development of geothermal resources are of great significance for sustainable development. However, in view of the complex geological background of the plateau region, the number of heat flow measurement points in this area is small or even blank, thus becoming an important factor limiting the exploration of geothermal resources in this region. In this article, a new model based on Fourier analysis and heat conduction principle is established to process and analyze the long-term monitoring data of soil temperature and eliminate the influence of temperature change on soil temperature as far as possible, so as to improve the calculation accuracy of soil conduction heat dissipation. The experimental results show that the fluctuation range of soil temperature at 20 cm before the correction was large, and the fluctuation range was 2.58°C–14.284°C, which was because the soil here was closer to the land surface and was affected too much by the temperature fluctuation, and as the soil depth deepened, the temperature fluctuation slowly became smaller, and the fluctuation range was 6.67°C–11.15°C at 50 cm, but the effect of temperature fluctuation was still obvious. Also, the fluctuation range was basically reduced within 0.3°C after temperature correction. In this method, the thermal diffusion coefficients of the soil at different depths can be obtained, and the calculated temperatures at the corresponding depths can also be obtained, which can be used to infer the approximate ground temperature gradient of the measured area. This study aims to develop a convenient and fast model for processing soil temperature time series and to provide technical support for developing geothermal resources in highland areas or assessing the geothermal potential of the region.
The Effect of Quartz Particle Size on the Frictional and Electrically Conductive Properties of Mixed Graphite–Quartz Gouges
Authors: Chen Jinyu 
Published: June 2022

Mature faults usually contain fault rocks with a wide range of mineral grain sizes. Despite the importance of mineral grain sizes in affecting fault slip behaviors, little is known about the potential mechanism(s). To better understand this problem, electrical conductivity measurements on synthetic carbon-bearing gouges were conducted along a fault-parallel direction under progressive fault slip. All experiments were carried out under a slip rate of 1 mm/s, a normal stress of 2 MPa, ambient temperature, and a pure N2 atmosphere. The specimens that were used were mixtures of identical 6 wt% graphite (Gr) powders and 94 wt% quartz (Qz) particles with five different particle sizes (#100–12500 mesh). As Gr has a low friction coefficient and high electrical conductivity, the approach in this study may provide a favorable opportunity to examine the relation between the evolutions of friction and shear textures. The experimental results indicated that the reduction in Qz particle sizes causes gradual segregation of the Gr powders in the skeletal frame formed by granular Qz particles, resulting in the decreased interconnectivity of the anastomosing Gr-film networks and the destruction of Gr-lubricated slip surface(s). Then, it eventually manifests as an increase in the steady-state frictional coefficient (μss) and a logarithmic decrease in the steady-state electrical conductivity (σss) for Gr-bearing specimens. Furthermore, the Gr-bearing gouges containing &gt;3 μm Qz particles first develop foliated layers, and subsequent Gr films penetrate around the boundary of the Qz particles to form conductive interconnected networks during a progressive fault slip. These experimental results implied that carbonaceous materials (CMs) represented by Gr may complicate the frictional properties of fine-grained fault gouges in mature faults.
The Discovery and Geochemical Characteristics of an Eocene Peridotite Xenolith-Bearing Mafic Volcanic Neck in Coastal Southeast China
Authors: Li Chuanshun , Zhao Xilin , Jiang Yang , Xing Guangfu , Yu Minggang , Duan Zheng 
Published: June 2022

The mantle beneath coastal SE China evolved from enriched to depleted between the Cretaceous and the Neogene, although the precise timing of this change remains unclear. Here, we focus on a newly discovered Eocene mafic volcanic neck that contains peridotite xenoliths in the Fuding area of Fujian Province, and present new whole-rock Ar–Ar data which indicate that flood basalts formed during the Eocene (ages of 38.5 ± 1.2 and 42.3 ± 2 Ma). The basalt, gabbro, and diabase in the Fuding area are geochemically similar to ocean island basalt (OIB) and have SrI values that range from 0.703794 to 0.703911 (average of 0.703865) and εNd(t) values from 3.05 to 4.56 (average of 3.90). These samples yield two-stage Nd model (TDM2) ages of 0.61–0.73 Ga (average of 0.67 Ga). These data indicate that all of these units formed from magmas derived from an OIB-type mantle source, with both the gabbro and diabase units recording minor amounts of crustal contamination. Its OIB type geochemical characteristics may be inherited from crustal materials with similar characteristics. Peridotite xenoliths within the Fuding basalts provide evidence of the nature of the Eocene mantle in this area, especially the post late-Mesozoic evolution of the mantle beneath coastal SE China. The mantle beneath coastal SE China evolved from enriched in the Cretaceous to depleted in the Neogene, with this change occurring during the Eocene.
Shear Performance of Zirconium Alloy Welds Under Different Strain Rates
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Zhao Tianfei , Cao Shuanghui , Ren Quan-yao , Liu Menglong , Zhang Jibin , Zheng Yong , Li Yuanming , Wei Lianfeng 
Published: June 2022

Welding is one of the important connection methods for zirconium alloy, and the shear failure under the dynamic load is a typical failure mode of the weld. Aiming at clarifying the shear failure of zirconium alloy welds, three kinds of double-notched shear weld specimens with welding sizes of 2, 4, and 6 mm were designed, respectively; the shear performance of specimens under quasi-static and dynamic loading was tested by tensile testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The stress–strain curves and shear strength were determined for the weld under quasi-static and dynamic loading. It was demonstrated that 1) an obvious strain rate strengthening effect was observed for the shear strength performance of zirconium alloy weld; 2) the shear performance of zirconium alloy weld was not sensitive to its length, but the tolerance to micro defects in the weld was improved with the increase of the weld length, which gave rise to a small increment of shear strength; 3) the failure mode of zirconium alloy welds under quasi-static loading was the typical lamellar tearing failure, and the angle between the fracture and base metal was about 17°; however, the shear failure mode showed obvious brittle characteristics under dynamic loading and the angle between fracture and base metal was almost parallel to the loading direction.
Renal Expression of Annexin A1 Is Associated With the Severity of Renal Injury in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Wang Rui-Xue , Wu Liang , Chen Su-Fang , Li Zhi-Ying , Zhao Ming-Hui , Chen Min 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIncreasing studies demonstrated the importance of activation of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Previous studies showed that annexin A1 (ANXA1) inhibited the recruitment, transendothelial migration and respiratory burst of neutrophils and induced apoptosis of neutrophils. The current study aimed to investigate the plasma and renal levels of ANXA1 as well as their association with the disease severity in AAV patients.MethodsThirty-one AAV patients in active stage and 35 AAV patients in remission stage were recruited. The expression of ANXA1 in renal specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The co-localization of ANXA1 with renal intrinsic and infiltrating cells was detected by double immunofluorescence. The plasma levels of ANXA1 were determined by ELISA. The association of plasma and renal levels of ANXA1 with clinicopathological parameters was further analyzed.ResultsPlasma levels of ANXA1 were significantly higher in active AAV patients than those in AAV patients in remission as well as healthy controls. The renal expression of ANXA1 was significantly higher in active AAV patients than in healthy controls and disease controls. Double immunofluorescence assay showed that ANXA1 was expressed in glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes, proximal tubular epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and T cells in AAV patients. The mean optical density of ANXA1 in glomeruli was correlated with serum creatinine levels (r = −0.491, P = 0.005) and eGFR (r = 0.492, P = 0.005) at renal biopsy and the proportion of crescents (r = −0.423, P = 0.018) in renal specimens of AAV patients. The expression of ANXA1 in glomeruli of AAV patients achieving complete renal recovery was significantly higher than those achieving partial renal recovery.ConclusionIn AAV patients, the renal expression of ANXA1 was associated with the severity of renal injury.
Serum Level of 4-Hydroxynonenal in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Potential Biomarker for Severity and Prognosis
Authors: Jiang Ya-Lin , Liu Hong-Yan , Tang Min-Min , Cheng Jia-Yi , Zhao Hui , Fu Lin 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFour-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) exerts a central role in the pathophysiological process of pulmonary diseases. The aim of this project was to evaluate the correlations between serum 4-HNE with severity and prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by a prospective cohort study.Materials and MethodsA total of 239 patients with CAP and healthy volunteers were recruited. Fasting blood was collected. Serum 4-HNE was measured with ELISA. Clinical characteristics and demographic information were obtained. The relationships between serum 4-HNE and clinical characteristics were evaluated through the Spearman or Pearson correlation coefficient. The associations of serum 4-HNE with severity and prognosis were estimated through logistic regression analysis.ResultsOn admission, serum 4-HNE was upregulated in patients with CAP compared with healthy volunteers. Serum 4-HNE was gradually increased in line with CAP scores. Additionally, elderly patients with CAP were more prone to suffer from 4-HNE elevation. Moreover, serum 4-HNE was positively correlated with CAP severity scores. Meanwhile, the poor prognostic outcomes were tracked among patients with CAP. Higher serum 4-HNE on admission increased the risks of mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agent usage, and death in patients with CAP during hospitalization. The predictive powers for severity and death were increased in serum 4-HNE compared with CAP severity scores and inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionSerum 4-HNE on admission is positively correlated with the severity and poor prognosis among patients with CAP, indicating that 4-HNE participates in the pathophysiology of CAP. Serum 4-HNE may be used as an earlier biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with CAP.
Intrauterine Hematoma in the First Trimester and Pregnancy Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qin Zhao-juan , Xu Yu , Du Yi , Chen Ya-li , Sun Liang , Zheng Ai 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundStudies evaluating the relationship between intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester and prenatal complications are conflicting.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether intrauterine hematoma identified in the first trimester in women with singleton pregnancies is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.Search StrategyA comprehensive literature search of three databases (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) was performed up to September 2021.Selection CriteriaCohort and case-control studies that have evaluated the relationship between intrauterine hematoma identified before 14 gestational weeks and the risk of prenatal complications, in women with a singleton pregnancy.Data Collection and AnalysisTwo members of our team independently assessed the studies for inclusion, collected the data of interest, and assessed the risk of bias, and calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models.Main ResultsNine studies, including 1,132 women with intrauterine hematoma and 11,179 controls met the inclusion criteria. Intrauterine hematoma increased the risk of spontaneous abortion [OR 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–3.75], preterm birth (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.37–2.43), fetal growth restriction (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.13–4.83) and placental abruption (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.23–8.13). No statistically significant association was found between intrauterine hematoma and preeclampsia (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.87–1.94).ConclusionIntrauterine hematoma in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
Mapping Lower-Limb Prosthesis Load Distributions Using a Low-Cost Pressure Measurement System
Authors: Hopkins Matthew O. , Turner Shruti , Vaidyanathan Ravi , McGregor Alison 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn the UK 55,000 people live with a major limb amputation. The prosthetic socket is problematic for users in relation to comfort and acceptance of the prosthesis; and is associated with the development of cysts and sores.ObjectivesWe have developed a prototype low-cost system combining low-profile pressure sensitive sensors with an inertial measurement unit to assess loading distribution within prosthetic sockets. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of this prototype to assess in-socket loading profiles of a person with an amputation during walking, with a view to understanding socket design and fit.MethodsThe device was evaluated on four transtibial participants of various age and activity levels. The pressure sensors were embedded in the subject's sockets and an inertial measurement unit was attached to the posterior side of the socket. Measurements were taken during level walking in a gait lab.ResultsThe sensors were able to dynamically collect data, informing loading profiles within the socket which were in line with expected distributions for patellar-tendon-bearing and total-surface-bearing sockets. The patellar tendon bearing subject displayed loading predominately at the patellar tendon, tibial and lateral gastrocnemius regions. The total-surface bearing subjects indicated even load distribution throughout the socket except in one participant who presented with a large socket-foot misalignment.ConclusionsThe sensors provided objective data showing the pressure distributions inside the prosthetic socket. The sensors were able to measure the pressure in the socket with sufficient accuracy to distinguish pressure regions that matched expected loading patterns. The information may be useful to aid fitting of complex residual limbs and for those with reduced sensation in their residual limb, alongside the subjective feedback from prosthesis users.
Combined Functional Assessment for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Stroke Patients After Post-acute Care: A Retrospective Multi-Center Cohort in Central Taiwan
Authors: Weng Shuo-Chun , Hsu Chiann-Yi , Shen Chiung-Chyi , Huang Jin-An , Chen Po-Lin , Lin Shih-Yi 
Published: June 2022

Background and ObjectiveIn 2014, Taiwan’s National Health Insurance administration launched a post-acute care (PAC) program for patients to improve their functions after acute stroke. The present study was aimed to determine PAC assessment parameters, either alone or in combination, for predicting clinical outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled stroke adult patients through one PAC network in central Taiwan between January 2014 and December 2020. We collected data on post-stroke patients’ functional ability at baseline and after PAC stay. The comprehensive assessment included the following: Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), aphasia test, and quality of life. The above items were assessed first at baseline and again at discharge from PAC. Logistic regression was used to determine factors that were associated with PAC length of stay (LOS), 14-day hospital readmission, and 1-year mortality.ResultsA total of 267 adults (mean age 67.2 ± 14.7 years) with completed data were analyzed. MRS, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), BBS, and MMSE all had improved between disease onset and PAC discharge. Higher baseline and greater improvement of physical and cognitive functions between initial and final PAC assessments were significantly associated with less readmission, and lower mortality. Furthermore, the improved ADLs, FOIS, MNA, FMA-motor, and MMSE scores were related to LOS during PAC. Using logistic regression, we found that functional improvements ≥5 items [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05–0.45] and improved MMSE (aOR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.05–0.68) were significantly associated with reduced post-PAC mortality or readmission. Whereas, functional improvements ≥7 items, improved FOIS, and MNA significantly prolonged LOS during PAC.ConclusionPhysical performance parameters of patients with acute stroke improved after PAC. PAC assessment with multiple parameters better predicted clinical outcomes. These parameters could provide information on rehabilitation therapy for acute stroke patients receiving PAC.
Increased Levels of Serum IL-15 and TNF-β Indicate the Progression of Human Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Yang Shuzhe , Liu Qingyuan , Yang Junhua , Wu Jun , Wang Shuo 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveExisting evidence suggests that chronic inflammation promotes the progression of human intracranial aneurysm (IA) and many cytokines have been detected to participate in the process of inflammation. However, rare cytokines in plasma have been used as proxies for progression of IA. This study aimed to identify novel cytokines as biomarkers to predict the development of IA.MethodsPatients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) undergoing microsurgical clipping were prospectively recruited from January 2017 to June 2020 and were separated into two groups based on their ELAPSS score (low risk group &lt; 10, intermediate-high risk group ≥ 10). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce imbalances in the baseline characteristics between groups. All blood samples were collected before surgery. A human serum 48-cytokines examination was performed to analyze the concentrations of serological cytokines. Clinical data and cytokines were compared between groups.ResultsA total of 184 patients were enrolled in this study. The low risk group contained 77 patients and 107 patients were included in the intermediate-high risk group. Finally, there were 69 patients in each group after PSM with a matching rate of 1:1. The concentrations of 3 serum cytokines were significantly increased in intermediate-high risk patients, namely, interleukin-15 (IL-15), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β) (P&lt; 0.05, |log2fold change| &gt; 2). The result of receiver operator characteristic (ROC)curve revealed that TNF-β had the highest predictive accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.725 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.639–0.811,P&lt; 0.001] followed by IL-15 (AUC = 0.691, 95% CI 0.602–0.781,P&lt; 0.001) and MCP-1 (AUC = 0.661, 95% CI 0.569–0.753,P= 0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated high IL-15 [odds ratio (OR), 3.23; 95% CI, 1.47–7.12;P= 0.004] and high TNF-β (OR, 8.30; 95% CI, 3.25–21.25;P&lt; 0.001) as the risk factors that correlated with intermediate-high risk of IA progression.ConclusionUIA patients with intermediate-high growth risk exhibited increased serum levels of IL-15, MCP-1, and TNF-β. Serum IL-15, and TNF-β could serve as biomarkers to predict the progression of UIAs.