bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional oral splint resins to L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Bürgers Ralf , Schubert Andrea , Müller Jonas , Krohn Sebastian , Rödiger Matthias , Leha Andreas , Wassmann Torsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesEvidence on the biocompatibility of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed and milled resins for oral splints is limited. This in vitro study assessed the influence of the manufacturing method on the cytotoxicity of oral splint resins on L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts (GF1).Materials and MethodsStandardized specimens of four 3D‐printed, two‐milled, one‐thermoformed, and one‐pressed splint resin were incubated with L929 and GF1 cells for 24 h. Immunofluorescence and WST‐8 assay were performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test were applied with the variables “splint resin” and “manufacturing method” (p < .05).ResultsImmunofluorescence showed attachment of L929 and GF1 cells to the splint resins. Irrespective of the manufacturing method, the WST‐8 assay revealed significant differences between splint resins for the viability of L929 and GF1 cells. L929 cells generally showed lower viability rates than GF1 cells. The evaluation of cell viability by the manufacturing method showed no significant differences between 3D printing, milling, and conventional methods.ConclusionsThe cytotoxic effects of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional oral splint resins were similar, indicating minor influence of the manufacturing method on biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity of the resins was below a critical threshold in GF1 cells. The chemical composition might be more crucial than the manufacturing method for the biocompatibility of splint resins.
Organ‐specific immune response in lethal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by deep spatial phenotyping
Authors: Balachander Akhila , Lee Bernett , Biswas Subhra K , Lye David C , Lin Raymond TP , Leo Yee‐Sin , Chui Paul , Ng Lisa FP , Renia Laurent 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesImmunopathology of ongoing COVID‐19 global pandemic is not limited solely to pulmonary tissue, but is often associated with multi‐organ complications, mechanisms of which are intensely being investigated. In this regard, the interplay between immune, stromal cells and cytokines in pulmonary and extrapulmonary infected tissues, especially in young adults (median age 46 years, range 30–53 years) without comorbidities, remains poorly characterised.MethodsWe profiled lung, heart and intestinal autopsy samples from five SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cases for 18–20 targets to detect immune, cytokine and stromal cell status at subcellular resolution by a novel IHC‐based deep‐phenotyping technique, iSPOT (immunoSpatial histoPhenOmics using TSA‐IHC), to assess spatial and functional patterns of immune response in situ, in lethal COVID‐19 infection.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2‐infected autopsy samples exhibit skewed counts of immune populations in all samples with organ‐specific dysfunctions. Lung and ileal tissue reveal altered architecture with marked loss of tissue integrity, while lung and heart tissue show severe hyperinflammation marked by elevated TNF‐α in heart tissue and additionally IL‐6, IFN‐γ and IL‐10 cytokines in lung samples.ConclusionWith resurgence of infection in younger populations, single‐cell cytokine localisation in immune and stromal structures provides important mechanistic insights into organ‐specific immunopathology of naïve SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the absence of other comorbidities.
Effects of social organization and elevation on spatial genetic structure in a montane ant
Authors: Fontcuberta Amaranta , Kapun Martin , Tran Van Patrick , Purcell Jessica , Chapuisat Michel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudying patterns of population structure across the landscape sheds light on dispersal and demographic processes, which helps to inform conservation decisions. Here, we study how social organization and landscape factors affect spatial patterns of genetic differentiation in an ant species living in mountainous regions. Using genome‐wide SNP markers, we assess population structure in the Alpine silver ant,Formica selysi. This species has two social forms controlled by a supergene. The monogyne form has one queen per colony, while the polygyne form has multiple queens per colony. The two social forms co‐occur in the same populations. For both social forms, we found a strong pattern of isolation‐by‐distance across the Alps. Within regions, genetic differentiation between populations was weaker for the monogyne form than for the polygyne form. We suggest that this pattern is due to higher dispersal and effective population sizes in the monogyne form. In addition, we found stronger isolation‐by‐distance and lower genetic diversity in high elevation populations, compared to lowland populations, suggesting that gene flow betweenF.selysipopulations in the Alps occurs mostly through riparian corridors along lowland valleys. Overall, this survey highlights the need to consider intraspecific polymorphisms when assessing population connectivity and calls for special attention to the conservation of lowland habitats in mountain regions.
Foraging decisions with conservation consequences: Interaction between beavers and invasive tree species
Authors: Juhász Erika , Bede‐Fazekas Ákos , Katona Krisztián , Molnár Zsolt , Biró Marianna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Herbivore species can either hinder or accelerate the invasion of woody species through selective utilization. Therefore, an exploration of foraging decisions can contribute to the understanding and forecasting of woody plant invasions. Despite the large distribution range and rapidly growing abundance of beaver species across the Northern Hemisphere, only a few studies focus on the interaction between beavers and invasive woody plants.

We collected data on the woody plant supply and utilization at 20 study sites in Hungary, at two fixed distances from the water. The following parameters were registered: taxon, trunk diameter, type of utilization, and carving depth. Altogether 5401 units (trunks and thick branches) were identified individually. We developed a statistical protocol that uses a dual approach, combining whole‐database and transect‐level analyses to examine foraging strategy.

Taxon, diameter, and distance from water all had a significant effect on foraging decisions. The order of preference for the four most abundant taxa was Populus spp. (softwood), Salix spp. (softwood), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (invasive hardwood), and Acer negundo (invasive hardwood). The diameter influenced the type of utilization, as units with greater diameter were rather carved or debarked than felled. According to the central‐place foraging strategy, the intensity of the foraging decreased with the distance from the water, while both the taxon and diameter selectivity increased. This suggests stronger modification of the woody vegetation directly along the waterbank, together with a weaker impact further from the water.

In contrast to invasive trees, for which utilization occurred almost exclusively in the smallest diameter class, even the largest softwood trees were utilized by means of carving and debarking. This may lead to the gradual loss of softwoods or the transformation of them into shrubby forms. After the return of the beaver, mature stages of softwood stands and thus the structural heterogeneity of floodplain woody vegetation could be supported by the maintenance of sufficiently large active floodplains.

The beaver accelerates the shift of the canopy layer's species composition toward invasive hardwood species, supporting the enemy release hypothesis. However, the long‐term impact will also depend on how plants respond to different types of utilization and on their ability to regenerate, which are still unexplored issues in this environment. Our results should be integrated with knowledge about factors influencing the competitiveness of the studied native and invasive woody species to support floodplain conservation and reconstruction.
The phylogeographical pattern of the Amur minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in the Qinling Mountains
Authors: Chen Tao , Jiao Li , Ni Lili 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the phylogeographical pattern of the Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii) widely distributed in the cold freshwaters of the Qinling Mountains was examined. A total of 464 specimens from 48 localities were sequenced at a 540‐bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene, and 69 haplotypes were obtained. The mean ratio of the number of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions per site (dN/dS) was 0.028 and indicated purifying selection. Haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) of natural populations of R. lagowskii varied widely between distinct localities. Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, and network analysis showed five well‐differentiated lineages, but these did not completely correspond to localities and geographic distribution. Meanwhile, analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) indicated the highest proportion of genetic variation was attributed to the differentiation between populations rather than by our defined lineages. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the pairwise Fst values and geographic distance (p > .05). Based on the molecular clock calibration, the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated to have emerged from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene. Finally, the results of demographic history based on the neutrality test, mismatch distribution, and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analyses showed that collectively, the populations were stable during the Pleistocene while one lineage (lineage E) probably underwent a slight contraction during the Middle Pleistocene and a rapid expansion from the Middle to the Late Pleistocene. Therefore, the study suggests the current phylogeographical pattern of R. lagowskii was likely shaped by geological events that led to vicariance followed by dispersal and secondary contact, river capture, and climatic oscillation during the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene in the Qinling Mountains.
Quantifying the ecological effects of water abstraction in Alpine streams through flume simulations
Authors: Vallefuoco Francesca , Bruno Maria Cristina , Zolezzi Guido , Larsen Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater abstraction by small hydropower plants is a growing human pressure on Alpine stream ecosystems. Using a set of seminatural streamside flumes, we investigated the response of benthic invertebrate communities to a 50% experimental reduction of the natural discharge. We collected EPT taxa from upstream (control) and downstream (flow reduction) sections of the flumes before starting the simulations, and after 1 and 3 weeks of simulated flow reduction, while also collecting invertebrates drifting from each section every 24–48 h. Despite an initial (i.e., before simulation) difference in benthic densities and diversity between controls and treatments, these metrics changed and differed over time, with the reduced flow section becoming more diverse and with less individuals. Taxonomic composition differed between flow types, with a short‐term (1 week after the beginning of flow reduction) increase of taxonomic heterogeneity. There was no evidence that flow reduction affected functional diversity and homogenized functional composition of the communities. Drift composition differed between flow types with drift rates and richness lower under reduced flow. Functional dispersion was always significantly lower in the drift collected in low‐flow conditions where drift propensity was significantly higher for animals preferring medium to fast currents, living temporarily attached to the substrate and feeding as passive filterers; drift propensity was slightly lower for organisms moving as crawlers. Hence, short‐term taxonomic and functional changes in benthic invertebrate communities with reduction in flow are likely related to behavioural responses such as drift, thus providing insight on the potential mechanisms underlying community‐level effects of water abstraction.
Finite element modeling of free‐standing cylindrical columns under seismic excitation
Authors: Katsamakas Antonios A. , Vassiliou Michalis F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRocking motion is notoriously sensitive to the parameters that define it, with experimental tests oftentimes being non‐repeatable. Therefore, validating numerical models using a deterministic approach is impossible, since the consistency of any benchmark experimental test is dubious. Three‐dimensional rocking is even harder to predict than planar rocking. This paper presents a three‐dimensional finite element model to predict the statistics of the rocking/sliding response of free‐standing cylindrical columns. The response parameters of interest were the maximum displacement at the top of the columns and the residual displacement. Three different columns with varying slenderness and size were examined. The columns were able to slide, rock, and wobble in all directions, with this behavior being representative of building components and monumental structures. The numerical results were statistically compared to a large database of experimental tests, proving the accuracy of the proposed model. The influence of all modeling and physical parameters was elucidated, employing a large number of non‐linear time‐history analyses. It is shown that, when the numerical parameters are varied within a reasonable range, they do not influence the statistics of the response, even though they influence each individual oscillation. The friction coefficient between the interfaces (physical parameter) can influence the statistics of the response and should be carefully selected. Energy dissipation should be modeled explicitly, following the physics of the problem.
Development of Social Life Impact for Mother (SLIM) scale at first trimester to identify mothers who need social support postpartum: a hospital‐based prospective study in Japan
Authors: Okamoto Yoko , Doi Satomi , Isumi Aya , Sugawara Junichi , Maeda Kazuhisa , Satoh Shoji , Fujiwara Takeo , Mitsuda Nobuaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate the Social Life Impact for Mother (SLIM) scale to identify mothers in Japan who need social support postpartum.MethodsHospital‐based prospective study was implemented nationwide in Japan. A total of 7462 pregnant women completed the SLIM scale in their first trimester, and postpartum social problems (postpartum depression and bonding disorders) were assessed at 1 month after delivery (N = 5768, follow‐up rate 77.3%). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between SLIM scale and postpartum social problems.ResultsThe SLIM scale is made up of nine risk factors for postpartum social problems, including relationship problems, lower financial status, and lack of social support. The SLIM scale predicted postpartum social problems with moderate accuracy (area under the curve 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.60–0.65). Further stratification by local clinic and tertiary hospital did not affect the estimates.ConclusionThe SLIM scale at prenatal check‐up may be useful for obstetricians to detect mothers with postpartum social problems. Further intervention studies using the SLIM score are warranted.
Relationship between orientation toward multicultural competence, multicultural competent behaviors, and working alliance: Examining a multigroup mediation model
Authors: Oh Seungbin , Chang Catherine Y. , Priest Amanda , Kwag Daun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the researchers examined the relationship among an orientation toward multicultural counseling competence, multicultural competent behaviors, and the working alliance from the perspective of 574 client participants across various therapeutic dyads. There was a positive relationship between clients’ perspectives on counselors’ multicultural orientation, counselors’ multicultural competent behavior, and working alliance. Multicultural competent behaviors mediated the relationship between an orientation toward multicultural competence and working alliance. However, the mediated effect was inconsistent across cross and similar racial/ethnic therapeutic dyads. Implications for counselors, limitations of the study, and future directions for research are provided.
Development and validation of apoptosis‐related signature and molecular subtype to improve prognosis prediction in osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Hong Jinjiong , Li Qun , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Jie , Ding Wenquan , Hu Haoliang , He Lingfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious evidence has shown that apoptosis performs integral functions in the tumorigenesis and development of various tumors. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a molecular subtype and prognostic signature based on apoptosis‐related genes (ARGs) to understand the molecular mechanisms and predict prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.MethodsThe GEO and TARGET databases were utilized to obtain the expression levels of ARGs and clinical information of osteosarcoma patients. Consensus clustering analysis was used to explore the different molecular subtypes based on ARGs. GO, KEGG, GSEA, ESTIMATE, and ssGSEA analyses were performed to examine the differences in biological functions and immune characteristics between the distinct molecular subtypes. Then, we constructed an ARG signature by LASSO analysis. The prognostic significance of the ARG signature in osteosarcoma was determined by Kaplan–Meier plotter, Cox regression, and nomogram analyses.ResultsTwo apoptosis‐related subtypes were identified. Cluster 1 had a better prognosis, higher immunogenicity, and immune cell infiltration, as well as a better response to immunotherapy than Cluster 2. We discovered that patients in the high‐risk cohort had a lower survival rate than those in the low‐risk cohort according to the ARG signature. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis confirmed that a high risk score independently acted as an unfavorable prognostic marker. Additionally, the nomogram combining risk scores with clinical characteristics can improve prediction efficiency.ConclusionWe demonstrated that patients suffering from osteosarcoma may be classified into two apoptosis‐related subtypes. Moreover, we developed an ARG prognostic signature to predict the prognosis status of osteosarcoma patients.
Remediation of a clay soil contaminated with phenanthrene by using MgO and forced carbonation
Authors: Estabragh AR , Amini M , Javadi AA , Sanjuan MT Montañés 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Stabilization and Solidification (S/S) technique is one of the most cost‐effective, low‐risk, and efficient remedial technologies for contaminated soils. In this research, the effect of MgO (Magnesium Oxide) on the remediation of a clay soil contaminated with phenanthrene with and without forced carbonation was studied by the S/S method. The effects of various parameters in reducing the mobility and leaching of phenanthrene were considered, including the percentage of MgO and curing time with and without forced carbonation, as well as the duration of carbonation.RESULTSThe results of the leaching tests showed that by using 5% MgO, the initial concentration of phenanthrene (32.7 mg kg−1) is changed to 9.16, 5.77, and 5.1 mg kg−1 for curing times of 7, 14, and 28 days. In addition, for the mixture of contaminated soil with 0.25% MgO and by using forced carbonation, the initial concentration is changed to 7.9, 4.3, and 3.73 mg kg−1 after 4, 8, and 24 h of injection of CO2. The S/S mechanisms for the removal of phenanthrene from soil include immobilization, adsorption, and encapsulation mechanisms. These stages are dependent on the hydration products of MgO.CONCLUSIONA comparison of the results of the leaching tests without and with forced carbonation showed that forced carbonation can reduce the concentration of phenanthrene in a few hours with a small percent of MgO compared to the case without forced carbonation. Therefore, forced carbonation provides a cost‐effective method for the remediation of contaminated soil. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition acts synergistically with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Eriksen‐Gjerstad May , Tveit Karlsen Ida , Fandalyuk Zinayida , Benjaminsen Susanne , Baran‐Marszak Fanny , Papp Bela , Locke Frederick , Ladds Marcus , Pastor‐Fernández Andrés , Gelebart Pascal , Mc Cormack Emmet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma that remains incurable with the treatment options available today. In the present study, we have identified the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an essential enzyme for the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine‐based nucleotides, to be overexpressed in MCL in comparison to healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In vitro inhibition of the DHODH activity using a newly developed DHODH inhibitor, namely (R)‐HZ05, can induce MCL cell death in the nanomolar range independently than the P53 status of the investigated cell lines. Moreover, the combination of (R)‐HZ05 with tyrosine kinase inhibitor shows the synergistic activity on cell death. Pre‐clinical investigation on the efficacy of (R)‐HZ05 shows that it can be prolonged animal lifespan similar to ibrutinib. (R)‐HZ05 use in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor demonstrated a superior efficacy on tumor burden reduction and survival than either drug alone. We have demonstrated that the depletion of the pyrimidine nucleotide pool, using DHODH inhibitor, represents a new therapeutic strategy that may benefit MCL patients.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on accumulation and translocation of selenium in winter wheat
Authors: Wu Fuyong , Luo Wanqing , Li Jiao , Xing Wenjing , Lyu Lihui , Yang Jing , Liu Ruifang , Shi Zhaoyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, but not for plants. Generally, cereals including wheat and rice are the main source of dietary Se for humans. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous soil microbes and commonly develop symbionts with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the influence of AMF on accumulation and translocation of Se during developmental cycle of winter wheat is still unclear.RESULTSBased on a pot trial, the present results indicated that the effects of AMF on grain Se concentration in winter wheat depend on the Se species spiked in the soil and that Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) significantly enhanced grain Se concentration under selenite treatment. Moreover, inoculation of AMF significantly increased grain Se content under selenite and selenate treatments. The enhanced grain Se content of mycorrhizal wheat could be attributed to (i) apparently increased root growth of mycorrhizal wheat at jointing could absorb more Se for translocating to aerial tissues and consequently result in significantly higher stalk Se content and (ii) enhancing Se translocation from vegetative tissues to grains. The present study showed that AMF significantly (P < 0.05) increased pre‐anthesis Se uptake under selenate treatment and post‐anthesis Se uptake under selenite treatment.CONCLUSIONThe present study indicated the feasibility of inoculation of AMF for increasing grain Se concentration under selenite treatment and enhancing the efficiency of biofortification of Se under selenate treatments. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.