bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage on Case Fatality Risk
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: It is well known that COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated higher efficacy against mortalities than mild acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). The estimation of the proportion of mortalities among these morbidities is a measure of case fatality risk (CFR). This study aims to evaluate change in CFR estimates among different countries after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines and to shed light on the influence of the attack rate (AR) on CFR after the introduction of these vaccines.Material and methods:We collected publically available data concerning all countries/territories that implement COVID-19 vaccination at least for a hundred days ending on 3d of April 2021. They were sixteen in number. CFRs were measured as deaths per 100 COVID-19 confirmed cases; vaccine coverage was defined as the number of doses of vaccine per 100 people in the total population.Descriptive data analyses were used including mean value, standard deviation, and graphical presentation by using Stem-Leaf charts and bar charts.Inferential data analyses used included the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and general linear model procedure (GLM). Results: Findings showed that in a highly significant association the mean CFR decreased in countries with > 18 COVID-19 vaccine doses per 100 inhabitants. For the time period of the date of 1st day of vaccination till April 3, 2021, the total mean CFR is decreased with a surprising decrease in proportional total deaths and total cases, this decrement is more among total cases. Conclusion: CFR monitoring may constitute a parameter for measuring vaccination effectiveness and progress of pandemic.
Unified Phase Field Theory Based on the Interaction of Positive and Negative Magnetic poles and Analysis of ATLAS, CMS Experiment at the LHC
Authors: wu xianjin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article assumes that the elementary particle is a magnetic pole field formed by the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles and believes that gravity, electromagnetic forces, strong forces and weak forces are all produced by the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles. The collision of the high-energy elementary particles appears as a strong force, the decay of the high-energy elementary particles appears as a weak force, the cohesive force of the high-energy elementary particle magnetic pole field (the gravitational field) to its magnetic pole is gravity, and the spin force of the high-energy elementary particle magnetic pole field in the external field (the gravitational field) is the electromagnetic force. This article discusses a high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment based on the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles and reveals the production mechanism of protonium, tauium, muonium, positronium, three generations of leptons and neutrinos, and the final state. This article explains the unification of the strong force, weak force, electromagnetic force and gravity with unified phase field theory and tests this theory by the ATLAS and CMS experimental data at the LHC. The data of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC are completely consistent with the calculated data of the phase field curvature tensor equation. Differential geometric variables are covariant with physical variables. The Lagrangian function of Einstein's mass-energy equation, the Lagrangian function of the Schrodinger particle differential motion wave function based on the theory of relativity, the Lagrangian density of the Young-Mills gauge field equation, and the high-energy elementary particle phase difference momentum-energy tensor of the curvature tensor equation are completely consistent in the high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment. These results fully prove that the unified phase field theory is more in line with the physical reality of the high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzo furans (PCDD/Fs) contamination in sediments and fish from Msimbazi river in Dar es Salam-Tanzania: patterns, sources and their exposure to humans
Authors: Pius Christina , Koosaletse-Mswela Pulane , Sichilongo Kwenga , Dikinya Oagile 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Results of a GCXGC-TOFMS determination of PCDD/Fs in sediments and cat fish samples collected from Msimbazi river, are presented here. PCDD/Fs congeners in sediments ranged from 2.0 to 393.0 and 0.7 to 654.8 pg/g in the dry and wet season respectively. 1,2,3,4,,7,8,9-HepCDF was detected at the highest concentration but all were lower than the United States of America (USA) action level of 1000 pg/g. Toxicity for each of the sampling points ranged from 19.7 to 36.5 with a mean concentration of 27.0 pg WHO 2005-TEQ g-1in the dry season and 2.0 to 38.7 with a mean concentration of 20.7 pg WHO 2005-TEQ g−1 in the wet season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significance difference between PCDD/Fs TEQ during the dry and the wet season, (P=0.08), α=0.05). The highest TEQ value was estimated at Jangwani in the wet season. Toxicity of PCDD/Fs in cat fish collected from Msimbazi river ranged from 9.3 to 145.2, with a mean of 61.2 pg WHO2005-TEQg-1. Tetrachlorodibenzo dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), was detected in all fish samples and ranged from 3.5 to 12.7 with a mean of 8.1 pg/g.
Characterization of ECM fungal community under three different vegetation restorations in iron tailing
Authors: Zhu Wenxu , Ding Changjun , Zhu Keye , Zhang Weixi , Liang Dejun , Wang XiaoJiang , Li Aiping , Su Xiaohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Vegetation restoration is an effective method to improve the ecological environment of mine tailings, which has a profound impact on the potential ecological functions of soil fungal communities, yet little is known about its beneficial effect on soil ectomycorrhizal fungal community. In this study, the responses of soil characteristics and soil ectomycorrhizal fungal community diversity and structure to different revegetation, as well as the contribution of soil factors to soil ectomycorrhizal community were investigated in Liaoning Province, China. As we anticipated, the vegetation restoration significantly improved soil nutrients. What’s more, compared to PKSZ and PSC, RPL could better improve soil TC, TN, TP, and AP. In addition, soil ectomycorrhizal community diversity in RPL was greater than PKSZ and PSC. NMDS analyses indicated that soil ectomycorrhizal community significantly differed depending on different revegetation types. Thus, these results indicated that RPL could be a suitable species for the revegetation of iron mine tailings. The experiment provided theoretical basis for evidence for ecological restoration of iron mine tailings using local plant species.
Ecological Services of a Peri-Urban Recreation Centre in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Soaga J.A , Adeleye A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose

This study examines the consumption of renewable natural resources without market price by the people to promote conservation in the outlier of urban environment. The resources however offer ecosystem services to protect man and the environment
Methods

Socio-economic profile of respondents and natural resources data were gathered using two methods. Questionnaire as a socio-economic tool was used to gather data from respondents for socio-economic profile and natural resources data were obtained through bio-physical study of available renewable resources. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis
Results

The result shows gender sensitivity with female domination (64%) of the respondents and 36% male, age range 21-40years accounted for 43% with mean age of 41years. Further, some (44%) respondents were Christian, Tertiary education recorded the highest educational level with 53% and Ogun State had the highest State of origin distribution with 77%. A total of 30 flora species was identified and family Fabaceae with 6 species contributed more to the ecosystem services of the park than other families with 3 species. Furthermore, trees with diameter >11cm had higher carbon sequestration potential with 1009,776 kgCha−1, Above Ground Biomass of 2456.795kg and Below Ground Biomass of 272.33kg. A total of 25 fauna species was recorded as offering ecosystem services and Mammals with 31 species had the highest number of species offering ecosystem services followed by Aves with 14 species and reptiles with 13 species.
Conclusion

In conclusion, the study revealed that flora and fauna species offer a wide range of ecosystem services ranging from cultural, supporting, regulating, and provisioning services. It is suggested that recreation policy should ensure that proper and adequate sensitization through electronic media to enlighten the general public on recreation and the significance of flora and fauna in human health and the environment.
Prevalence and Predictors of Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease on MRI Among Patients with Crohn's Disease
Authors: Hong Qijin , Feng Qi , Shen Jun , Zheng Qing , Qiao Yuqi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: It has been documented that Crohn’s disease patients were prone to develop non-alcoholic liver fatty liver disease with less metabolic factors. Our purpose is to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and possible indicators for NAFLD in a cohort of Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease.Methods: Established Crohn’s disease (CD) patients who underwent magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) at the gastroenterology unit of our hospital were consecutively enrolled between June 2018 to May 2020. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made by magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction (MR-PDFF) maps. Medical records during hospitalization were collected and examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Then a predictive model was constructed based on logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk of developing NAFLD.Results: A total of 340 CD subjects were enrolled in this study, 83 (24.4%) suffered from NAFLD. Compared with those without NAFLD, patients with NAFLD showed longer disease duration, higher BMI, more frequent use of corticosteroid and pronouncedly elevated liver function tests. The comparison showed no difference in terms of prolonged anti TNF-α use (>54w). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that BMI, ALT, AST and GGT could independently predict hepatic steatosis.Conclusion: NAFLD is frequent in chronic CD patients, while long term use of anti TNF-α seems to have no impact on the development of NAFLD in this population. The model incorporating duration, serum transaminase and body mass index presented as a clinical nomogram could well predict the risk of NAFLD in patient with CD.
Nanobody-Based RFP-Dependent Cre Recombinase for Selective Anterograde Tracing in RFP-Expressing Transgenic Animals
Authors: Inutsuka Ayumu , Maejima Sho , Mizoguchi Hiroyuki , Kaneko Ryosuke , Nomura Rei , Takanami Keiko , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Onaka Tatsushi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Transgenic animals expressing fluorescent proteins are widely used to label specific cells and proteins. GFP-dependent gene regulation utilizes these lines to manipulate gene expression; however, its application has been limited to fluorescent proteins derived from Aequorea jellyfish. By using a split Cre recombinase fused with mCherry-binding nanobodies or designed ankyrin repeat proteins, we created Cre recombinase dependent on red fluorescent protein (RFP) (Cre-DOR). Functional binding units for monomeric RFPs (mCherry, mRFP1) are different from those for dimeric RFP (tdTomato). We confirmed target RFP-dependent gene expression in the mouse cerebral cortex using stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus vectors including Cre-DOR, target RFP, and reporter GFP vector. We found highly selective GFP expression in RFP-positive cortical neurons with 93.5 ± 0.6% of GFP-positive cells being mRFP1-positive. In estrogen receptor-beta (Esr2)-mRFP1 mice, we confirmed that Cre-DOR can be used for selective expression of membrane-bound GFP in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The neural projection from Esr2-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the posterior pituitary was visualized by Cre-DOR. In gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (Grpr)-mRFP1 rats, we similarly achieved anterograde tracing of Grpr-expressing neurons in the medial amygdala and found that they are projecting axons to the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Cellular localization of RFPs affects recombination efficiency of Cre-DOR, and light and chemical-induced nuclear translocation of an RFP-fused protein can increase or decrease Cre-DOR efficiency. Our results provide a method for manipulating gene expression in specific cells expressing RFPs and expand the repertory of nanobody-based genetic tools.
A novel DNAJ protein, TCAIM, drives proteolysis of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and regulates mitochondrial metabolism.
Authors: WANG Jiahui , ZHONG Youhuang , Ma Xiaomin , Gao Yuanzhu , ZHOU Dejian , Wang Jie , Fu Yinkun , HOU Yutong , SHI Fan , Zhang Yu , Xu Yingjie , wang peiyi , Haigis Marcia , Yu Xiang , Yang Wen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in metabolism, and the proteostasis system is important for almost all biological processes that occur in this double-membrane-enclosed organelle, including metabolic functions. In this study, we identified a novel mtHSP70 co-chaperone DNAJC protein, TCAIM, that specifically binds to the E1 subunit of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). Using the single-particle cryo-EM technique, we determined the binding structures of TCAIM and OGDH. We further demonstrated that by binding to the native form of OGDH, TCAIM specifically mediates the degradation of OGDH and regulates its activity in vivo in a mtHSP70- and LONP1-dependent manner. Moreover, the lack of TCAIM changes metabolism in mice and primary cells, whereas overexpression of TCAIM decreases mitochondrial bioenergetics. Thus, this study revealed a novel mechanism by which mitochondrial metabolism could be regulated by selective degradation of an important metabolic enzyme, mediated by a DNAJC protein.
Reproducibility of Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Gawiński Cieszymierz , Michalski Wojciech , Wyrwicz Lucjan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rectal cancer constitutes over one-third of all colorectal cancers (CRC) and is one of the leading cause of cancer-related death in developed countries. Treatment modalities applied in locally advanced tumors differ substantially among research centers. In order to identify high-risk patients and better adjust the therapy new markers are needed. Systemic inflammatory response (SIR) markers such as LMR, NLR and PLR have been proved highly prognostic in many malignancies, including CRC; however, they lack proper validation. In our study we assessed the reproducibility of LMR, NLR and PLR. Sixty patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated in Maria-Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland between 08.2017 and 12.2020 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Three consecutive blood morphology tests of each patient within a median period of 21 days were obtained before start of the treatment. LMR, NLR and PLR calculated at two time-points were correlated with the coefficient of 0.776, 0.696 and 0.751 (p<0.005 in all measurements), respectively. Cohen’s Kappa statistic for the extent of agreement between the 1st and the 2nd measurement for LMR was κ = 0.59 (95% CI, 0.39-0.79), p < 0.001. For NLR the Kappa was κ = 0.45 (95% CI, 0.22-0.68), p < 0.001 and for PLR κ = 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32-0.75. Mean percentage change between the third and the first measurement of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and platelets count ranged from -5.59–4.76% and the standard error from 2.0 to 3.9. In conclusion, SIR markers are moderately reproducible, easily obtained biomarkers with potential application in clinical practice.
Food for Thought: Lactating Coquerel’s Sifaka (Propithecus Coquereli) Eat Foods High in Protein and Fiber During the Lean Season
Authors: Ross Abigail C. , Power Michael L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Infant-bearing, Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) undergo gestation during a lean seasonal climate with weaning occurring during the abundant season. During this time, nutrient demand increases due to placental transport to the fetus and to the infant postpartum by milk. Females respond to this increased demand by ingesting larger food quantities, reducing expenditure, and/or using their nutrient stores. We collected foods (N=75) exploited by lactating females (N=10) in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar to examine the nutritional landscape within which sifakas forage. We measured food nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), gross energy (GE) and ash to estimate crude protein (CP), available protein (AP), fiber, mineral content and metabolizable energy (ME). Two significant PCA (principal component analysis) axes corresponded to high protein and high fiber-low ME explaining 91.6% of the variance. Cluster 1 is categorized by foods that contained higher AP and cluster 2 is categorized by higher fiber foods. P. coquereli rely on a diverse range of foods inclusive of those with high AP and ME, but also high fiber foods with low ME. We hypothesize that the high fiber, low ME foods may be important for maintaining the gut microbiome.
Prevalence of G6PD Deficiency and Distribution of Its Genetic Variants Among Malaria-Suspected Patients Visiting Metehara Health Center, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Shenkutie Tassew Tefera , Nega Desalegn , Hailu Asrat , Kepple Daniel , Witherspoon Logan , Lo Eugenia , Negash Meshesha Tsigie , Adamu Aderaw , Gebremichael Shewayiref Geremew , Gidey Bokretsion , Tasew Geremew , Feleke Sindew M. , Kebede Tadesse 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is cytosolic enzyme which has a vital role for the integrity and functioning of red blood cells. Lower activity of this enzyme leads to the occurrence of acute hemolytic anemia after exposure to oxidative stressors like primaquine. Primaquine is an important drug for the radical cure of plasmodium vivax and blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum thereby enhancing malaria elimination. However, there is a need to distinguish G6PD deficient individuals and administer the drug with special care due to its hemolytic side effects. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among malaria-suspected individuals.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to September 2021 in Metehara Health Center, Eastern Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic and clinical information of the study participants. Capillary and venous blood samples were collected based on standard procedures for onsite screening tests, DBS preparation and malaria microscopy. The G6PD enzyme activity was measured by careSTARTTM POCT S1. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS.
Results

A total of 498 study participants were included in the study, of which 62% (309) were males. The overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency based on the biosensor screening was 3.6% (18/498). Eleven of the G6PD deficient samples had mutations confirmed by gene sequencing analysis. Mutations were detected in G267+119C/T, A376T, and ChrX: 154535443 target genes. A significant association was found between sex and history of previous malaria infection with G6PD deficiency.
Conclusions

The study has shown that the G6PD deficient phenotype exists in Metehara even if the prevalence is not very high. G267+119C/T mutation is the predominant G6PD variant reported. Therefore, malaria patient treatment using primaquine should be closely followed up for any adverse effects.
DeBreak: Deciphering the exact breakpoints of structural variations using long sequencing reads
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Amy , Barkley Courtney , Zhao Xinyang , Gao Min , Edmonds Micky , Chong Zechen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Long-read sequencing has demonstrated great potential for characterizing all types of structural variations (SVs). However, existing algorithms have insufficient sensitivity and precision. To address these limitations, we present DeBreak, a novel method for comprehensive and accurate SV discovery. Based on alignment results, DeBreak employs a density-based approach for clustering SV candidates together with a local de novo assembly approach for reconstructing long insertions. A partial order alignment algorithm ensures precise SV breakpoints with single base-pair resolution, and a k-means clustering method can report multi-allelic SV events. DeBreak outperforms existing tools on both simulated and real long-read sequencing data from both PacBio and Nanopore platforms. An important application of DeBreak is analyzing cancer genomes for potentially tumor-driving SVs. DeBreak also demonstrates excellent performance in supplementing whole-genome assembly methods.
Association Between Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Access and the Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth and Schistosome Infections in Wolayita Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Phillips Anna Elizabeth , Ower Alison K , Mekete Kalkidan , Firdawek Ewnetu , Maddren Rosie , Belay Habtamu , Chernet Melkie , Anjulo Ufaysa , Mengistu Birhan , Salasibew Mihretab , Anderson Roy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

The Geshiyaro project is a five-year intervention to assess the impact of community and school-based water, hygiene, and sanitation (WaSH) interventions on reducing infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and schistosome parasites, in combination with deworming in Wolayita zone, Ethiopia.
Methods

Data on baseline STH and schistosome prevalence and the association with household and community access to improved drinking water, latrines, and handwashing facilities were obtained during a population based, cross-sectional (by age and gender) survey conducted between 2018 and 2019.
Results

Prevalence of STH was found to be 15.5% for any STH species, 9.5% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 1.8% for Trichuris trichiura, and 7.2% for hookworm. Intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) infection prevalence was 0.85% by Kato Katz, 21.6% by POC-CCA trace positive and 13.3% trace negative. Microhaematuria was 2.8%, with only 0.13% S. haematobium eggs detected in urine filtration. Increased (>30 min) time taken to collect drinking water, sharing a latrine, and lack of handwashing facilities were all associated with a greater risk of Ascaris, hookworm, and S.mansoni infection. Not disposing of infant stool at the household was significantly associated with increased risk of schistosomiasis infection. Aggregating WaSH data at the community level, showed odds of Ascaris and Trichuris infection significantly decreased as both community sanitation coverage and access to improved drinking water improved. Hookworm had reduced odds of infection as community access to drinking water expanded but there was no effect of community sanitation, however, there was a significant impact of improved household sanitation.
Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the quality of, and specific behaviours related to an individual’s use of household WaSH infrastructure are likely to augment potential protection latrines can provide. Furthermore, considering an individual household’s access to WaSH alone is insufficient to demonstrate association and risk with STH/schistosomiasis infection. Increased access to improved sanitation and drinking water within the whole community significantly influences exposure and gains made at the household level.