bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Étude quantitative de l’effet de lisière sur les populations d’oiseaux : définitions et principes méthodologiques
Authors: Frochot Bernard , Lobreau Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2022

A definition of the «edge effect», considered as a case of synergism at the ecosystem level, is given.
A quantitative method to study edge effects is proposed, with fitted sam¬ple designs. This «triple census technique» was tested during the pilot-study of a woodland-open field mosaic in Burgundy, whose results are summarized. A better knowledge of edge effect values on bird abundance and species richness is important when studying patchy habitats.
Avifaune et caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes anthropisés
Authors: Coquillart Hervé 
Published: November 2022

The results of bird counts carried out at the same time as a habitat description using a number of descriptors of natural and man-modified environments, were used to characterize heterogeneous landscapes. This study took place at the Mont Pilat Regional Park, central France, on a grid of 212 sample points, and the data were processed by multivariate analysis.
Ponderate correlations between the first factor of the analysis and several landscape parameters, show the prime role of two of them, altitude and height of the vegetation.
Dispersion ellipses describing the habitat niche of each bird species are drawn in the plane formed by the two above mentioned factors. Some other parameters can also be represented in the same way.
Such diagrams fairly well depict the relationships between animals, plants, landscape characteristics, and management practices.
Organisation et fonctionnement du peuplement d’oiseaux en forêt guyanaise application à la conservation
Authors: Thiollay Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2022

Ornithological surveys were carried out, from 1981 to 1986, in the hinterland of French Guiana, in order to find out the best possible location, and estimate the optimal size, of a national park in this rain forest area. The structure of the bird community, together with the structure of the assemblages of small foliage gleaners and of diurnal raptors, were studied in ten sites within the unbroken primary forest. The main results of these studies are briefly summarized : local and regional species richness, diversity, trophic guilds, population density, vertical and horizontal distribution, etc.
In mature undisturbed rain forest, about 1% of the species are abundant, and up to 80% and more may be considered as rare. Any kind of large scale perturbation (either logging or hunting) leads to an increase of common species, and to a decrease of the rare ones, eventually leading to a reduction of richness, diversity, and equitability, as well as of the density and biomass of the bird community as a whole.
Al least along the habitat axis, species niches are densely packed and often widely overlapping. There is a roughly equal trend among species toward specialization and generalism. Competition is likely to be reduced at least as much by low densities, uneven distribution and interspecific territoriality or avoidance, than by ecological segregation. Apparent coexistence is thus limited by low spatial overlap, whatever the similarity of the niches, and rarity of many species is a major condition of community richness. There are different ecological correlates of rarity according to specific responses to the strong constraints of this ecosystem (habitat heterogeneity, food seasonality, interspecific competition, predation pressure). The relatively low level of food availability for insectivores is investigated. The numerous tree fall gaps and other disturbances (flooding, army ants, ...), randomly distributed, and colonized by fugitive species, are other important factors maintaining species diversity.
Rain forest bird communities are very sensitive to human disturbance. Any kind of logging or hunting must be excluded from reserves designed for the conservation of «pristine» bird communities. From our estimates in Guiana, the minimum critical area of such reserves, including long term viable populations of every species (when isolated), may probably be over 10 000 km2.
Les tétras-lyres des vallons de Salèse et Mollières, parc national du Mercantour. Domaine vital et influence du tourisme
Authors: Houard Thierry , Mure Michel 
Published: November 2022

The home ranges of 4 male and 2 female Black Grouses in the Mercantour National Park, south-east France, were studied by radiotelemetry. The areas ranged from 69.5 to 236 ha for males, and from 98 to 130 ha for females. These home ranges overlapped broadly, and all were included within park limits.
Tourism is a potential disturbing factor for Black Grouse in the Mercantour National Park. The percentage occurence of these birds was indeed low within a 50 m wide strip on each side of the two paths studied. However, beyond this 50 m limit, the distribution of the birds was mostly influenced by the structure of the vegetation.
Importance du littoral Centre-Ouest Atlantique pour la migration des limicoles côtiers
Authors: Bredin Denis , Doumeret Alain 
Published: November 2022

Counts of migrating waders were carried out during Spring migration, in 1985 and 1986, along the French Atlantic coast, between the rivers Loire and Gironde. Some birds were also caught for biometric measurements, before being banded and released.
The importance of the French Atlantic mudflats for Dunlins and Knots wintering in Africa is made clear. This «stopover area» can be considered as an emergency «refueling station» for Knots flying from Western Africa (Mauretania) to the Wadden See. On the basis of our weekly counts, and of the average duration of their stopover, the number of Knots «refueling» on our mudflats was estimated at 100 000 in 1985, and at 35 000 in 1986. The importance of efficiently protecting these mudflats is emphasized.
A field study of ocelots (Felis pardalis) in Peru
Authors: Emmons Louise H. 
Published: November 2022

A population of ocelots was followed by radio-tracking in a Peruvian rain forest. Two resident adult males, two adult females, and three subadults were radio-collared, as well as two transients. Ocelots were active at any time of day, but usually they rested in the morning, became active in mid — to late — afternoon, and continued activity until after dawn the following morning, with one rest period during the night. They spent an average of 9.6 hours walking per night.
Breeding females occupied mutually exclusive territories, but an old female was tolerated on their territories by her former neighbours when the latter had no dependent young. Apparent direct territorial defense by females was recorded four times. Adult males occupied large territories that overlapped three or more female ranges.
Circumstantial evidence indicated that females on the study area produced young about every other year. A lactating female increased her daily activity to a maximum of 133 % above normal, to 93 % of the time, before losing her litter. It is conjectured that she was unable to sustain the foraging demands of lactation.
An 80 % grown subadult female was already wandering, but two 80 % grown males occupied small ranges within their presumed mother’s territories. The disappearance of an old adult male and establishment of another coincided with changes in the status of all collared residents. Although ocelots hunted, traveled, and usually denned alone, they often met : 37 encounters between collared cats were recorded during radio-tracking. ter. It is conjectured that she was unable to sustain the foraging demands of lactation.
An 80 % grown subadult female was already wandering, but two 80 % grown males occupied small ranges within their presumed mother’s territories. The disappearance of an old adult male and establishment of another coincided with changes in the status of all collared residents. Although ocelots hunted, traveled, and usually denned alone, they often met : 37 encounters between collared cats were recorded during radio-tracking.
Movements of greater flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) in the western Palearctic
Authors: Johnson Alan 
Published: November 2022

L’analyse des reprises d’oiseaux bagués en Camargue, en Espagne, en Iran et en Russie, ainsi que les observations d’oiseaux camarguais porteurs de bagues codées lisibles sur le terrain illustrent les déplacements (au long cours) dans l’espace et dans le temps, effectués par les flamants roses dans la partie occidentale de la région Paléarctique. Les observations de flamants juvéniles font également apparaître certains déplacements. La région étudiée est centrée sur la Méditerranée occidentale mais s’étend jusqu’en Afrique de l’ouest et au sud-ouest asiatique. Cette zone représente la frange nord-ouest de la répartition mondiale de cette sous-espèce.
La Méditerranée est régulièrement traversée par les flamants, surtout de nuit semble-t-il. Aux mouvements saisonniers entre les sites de reproduction et les quartiers d’hiver s’ajoutent des déplacements dus à des phénomènes plus aléatoires, tels que sécheresse, tempêtes, longues périodes de gel. Il existe des différences individuelles importantes ; certaines oiseaux effectuent une véritable migration de plusieurs milliers de kilomètres, alors que d’autres se révèlent sédentaires (en France) durant les dix premières années de leur vie. Le schéma des mouvements est donc complexe.
On note un taux d’échange élevé entre deux colonies distantes de 1 000 km (Camargue et Fuente de Piedra). Ainsi, des flamants bagués en Camargue ont niché en Andalousie, et certains d’entre-eux avaient pourtant déjà niché en Camargue auparavant. Pour des colonies non voisines beaucoup plus éloignées l’une de l’autre (Camargue et Rezaiyeh) on constate un chevauchement de l’aire de dispersion globale des individus.
Comparaison des régimes alimentaires de trois espèces sympatriques de Gerbillidae en milieu saharien, au Maroc
Authors: Zaime Abdelkader , Gautier Jean-Yves 
Published: November 2022

The diet of three sympatric Gerbilline Rodents (Meriones shawi, Gerbillus nanus and Psammomys obesus) was compared in a desert area near Guelmin, southern Morocco. The identification of the plant dietary items was based on the epidermal cells recovered in the stomach contents of animals trapped at monthly intervals.
Meriones shawi has a varied diet (42 plant species) whatever the season, but it feeds mostly on two of the most abundant species, supplementing this basic diet with a variety of other plants. The nature of its plant food is also variable ; leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds are consumed, and a few arthropods are added to the ration in summer. This diet allows this rodent to live in a variety of habitats, cultivated areas included.
Psammomys obesus has a much more specialized diet, mostly made up of the leaves of a single species of Chaenopodiaceae, supplemented by a few annuals.
Gerbillus nanus has a diet similar to that of M. shawi in late winter and spring, but G. nanus becomes predominantly a seed-eater during the summer.
The diets of M. shawi and G. nanus are therefore the most similar, whereas those of G. nanus and P. obesus differ strikingly. The preferred plant species of these sympatric rodents are different, as well as the plant parts they select.
Three different feeding stategies can be distinguished in this gerbilline community : (a) a seasonal mixed feeding strategy for G. nanus which shifts from leaves to seeds during the summer ; (b) a stable mixed feeding strategy for M. shawi which feeds on a few abundant perennial plants and the few annuals available all the year long ; and (c) a specialized feeding strategy f or P. obesus which limits itself to a single species of drought resistant plant.
Although the staple food of the three rodent species studied is basically made up of a few common plants, these sympatric gerbillids manage to make use of the available plant resources during the driest period of the year in a way that prevents competition. The sprouting of a few grass species during the autumn apparently coincides with the initiation of the autumnal breeding season of these three gerbillids.
Influence de la composition chimique des végétaux sur les choix alimentaires des chevreuils
Authors: Maizeret Christian , Boutin Jean-Marie , Bidet Frédéric , Carlino Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2022

L’analyse factorielle de la composition chimique des principales espèces végétales de la forêt de Chizé met en évidence le rôle majeur de la digestibilité, ainsi que de la teneur en matières azotées, dans les choix alimentaires des chevreuils. La présence de composés secondaires pourrait expliquer l’évitement de certaines plantes possédant par ailleurs de bonnes caractéristiques nutritionnelles.
L’analyse de contenus stomacaux de chevreuils f ait d’autre part apparaître d’assez fortes variations dans la composition spécifique des échantillons. Cette diversité des prélèvements effectués par les différents individus contraste avec la relative constance des caractéristiques nutritionnelles des contenus stomacaux.
Ce résultat peut s’interpréter par une grande variabilité des choix alimentai¬ res des différents individus : tant que la ration journalière contient la quantité nécessaire de nutriments, la nature des plantes consommées aurait peu d’impor- tance. Chaque Chevreuil pourrait ainsi avoir acquis au cours de son ontogénèse, par essais et erreurs successifs, des préférences pour telle espèce plutôt que pour telle autre.
Régime et disponibilités alimentaires chez le Putois (Mustela putorius L.)
Authors: Roger Martine 
Published: November 2022

Entre 1984 et 1989, le régime alimentaire du Putois (Mustela putorius) a été étudié dans trois habitats différents et contrastés, par analyse de 645 fèces, et en relation avec l’abondance des proies. Les putois consomment toujours principalement des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus) que l’abondance de ces derniers soit élevée, moyennement élevée ou faible. Les rongeurs et les oiseaux sont des proies secondaires.
L’étroite dépendance entre le Putois et le Lapin est mise en évidence. Le Putois est un prédateur spécialisé du Lapin.
L'Orque (Orcinus orca) autour de l'Archipel Crozet. Comparaison avec d'autres localités
Authors: Guinet Christophe 
Published: November 2022

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) were studied for three consecutive years in the Crozet Archipelago, Southern Indian Ocean, and 76 individual whales belonging to 18 pods were photo-identified.
At Crozet a pod is typically composed of a single matriarchal unit. The population was made up of 21 % adult males, 34 % adult females, and 45 % juveniles, and was declining at a 4 % annual rate. This unusually high rate of decrease may be explained by the strong reduction of the Elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) population that took place over the last 25 years in the Crozet Archipelago.
A comparison with the data available for other localities suggests that the average pod size of killer whales is dependent on the kind of prey they more generally hunt. Our observations also indicate that, within a population, pods may temporarily associate in a way to adjust their pod size to the body size of the prey. Such a behaviour appears to be unique among mammalian predators.
Influence du régime des feux sur les modifications à court terme et la stabilité à long terme de la flore d'une garrigue de Quercus Coccifera
Authors: Trabaud Louis 
Published: November 2022

This paper summarizes the results of a 19 years study of the effects on vegetation of the burning frequency (every sixth, third, or second year), and of the season of burning (late spring or early autumn), in a Quercus coccifera « garrigue » of southern France. The species present each spring on all the experimental plots were recorded.
Depending on the species’ responses to the various fire regimes, plants can be allocated to five major ecological groups, i.e. : fire-favoured (increasing) species, indifferent (persistent) species, disavantaged (decreasing or disappearing) species, alien settlers (permanent invaders), and occasionals (temporary settlers). Most of these groups can in turn be further divided in sub-groups (11 altogether).
Most of the fire-favoured species are herbaceous perennials, whereas indifferent and disavantaged species are woody perennials ; all of them propagate after fire by sprouts and/or seeds. Most new settlers and occasionals are annuals or biannuals reproducing by seeds, except for the geophytes.
Dispersal also varies among the five major groups : wind dispersal and autochory characterize the fire-f avoured species, and animal dispersal (endozoochory) the indifferent species. Dispersal is very variable in disavantaged species. New settlers and occasionals almost exclusively disperse by wind or autochory.
As for the life forms, hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes predominate among fire-favoured species, phanerophytes among indifferent and disavantaged species, and therophytes among new settlers.
On the whole, repeated burning did not change much the floristic composition of the Quercus coccifera « garrigue » studied : more than 53 % of the species present at the beginning of the experiment were still present 19 years later, whatever the fire regime.
Régulation par le recrutemet, la fidélité et la non-reproduction chez un oiseau colonial, la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla)
Authors: Cadiou Bernard , Danchin Etienne , Monnat J.Y. , Boulinier Thierry 
Published: November 2022

A long term study of the Kittiwake colonies of Cap Sizun (Brittany, France) shows that, even though Kittiwakes usually recruit at the age of 4, the population growth rate from year to year is highly correlated with the breeding success of the previous year. This is due to a strong recruitment, a large proportion of breeders, and a high adult fidelity after years of high fecondity. Furthermore, for a given individual breeding performance (breeding success or failure), adult fidelity to the colony and the proportion of breeders in the following year increase with the breeding success of the colony in which they bred in the previous year. This leads us to propose a mechanism of population regulation through Attraction, Recruitment, Non-breeding, and Adult Fidelity, in which breeding success and social context — two characteristics which reflect environmental quality — play prominent roles. These two parameters are the main components of the attraction exerted by a breeding site, i.e. its capacity to recruit new breeders (young or adults) and to retain its own adults as breeders.
Breeding success and social context are assessed by potential recruits when prospecting different breeding places. If fecondity and social context are good, prospectors may settle there and recruit in the following year. Prospectors are attracted to nests with chicks, on which they squat when they are momentarily left unattended by the parents after the middle of the rearing period. These squatters are mainly prebreeders or failed breeders ; both are actively looking for a breeding site. Males are more prone to squat on chicks. Prebreeding squatters on chicks show a high proportion of recruitment in the following year : 34 % of prospecting males recruit on one of the nests they have squatted during the previous year, and 24 % on the most consistently squatted nest. Thus, squatting is an appropriation behaviour of a breeding site.
The density of parasites influences the colony breeding success : breeding groups with high densities of parasites on the chicks have the lowest fecondity. The appearence of parasites is correlated with a drop in fecondity of the kittiwakes and parasites are likely to be the cause of this reduced fecondity. This acts on the numbers through prospectors’ and adults’ behaviour which in turn can explain the positive correlation between the fecondity in a given year and the rate of population increase in the following year.
Statut et comportement social du Grand dauphin Tursiops truncatus Mont. 1821 dans le bassin d’Arcachon
Authors: Ferrey Marc , Collet Anne , Guinet Christophe 
Published: November 2022

A sedentary group of six bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) has been photoidentified in the Bassin d’Arcachon, S.W. France. The social structure of this group has been determined from statistical analysis of swimming associations, as shown on pictures taken monthly from January 1989 to December 1991. The group includes a mother-infant pair, two females escorting the pair, and a pilot-watcher whose sex remains unknown. The sixth dolphin is a young solitary female which sometimes joins the group, while becoming increasingly familiar towards humans when alone.
The shyness of the oldest dolphins could be explained by their past experiences with humans (dolphins were still hunted in this area in the sixties !). However their cautious behaviour seems also to be well adapted to their difficult environment, a semi-closed bay, with shallow waters and numerous oyster farms.
Tree diversity on small plots in Madagascar : a preliminary review
Authors: Abraham Jean-Prosper , Benja Rakotonirina , Randrianasolo Mady , Ganzhorn Jörg u. , Jeannoda Vololoniaina , Leigh Egbert G. 
Published: November 2022

Trees ≥ 30 cm girth on a 0.93 ha plot of deciduous dry forest at Kirindy (CFPF), 50 km N. of Morondava, at 20-100 m in western Madagascar, stems ≥ 5 cm diameter on 0.7 ha of evergreen plateau forest at 1 550 m at Ambohitantely, 130 km N of Antananarivo, and stems ≥ 5 cm diameter on 0.5 1 ha of montane rain forest at 1 000 m near Périnet, 140 km E of Antananarivo, were marked, identified, and their diameters measured. The 778 marked stems at Kirindy included 45 species, the 2 808 marked stems at Ambohitantely included 102 species, and the 1 384 marked non-liana stems near Perinet included 177 species.
We use Fisher’s a to compare diversity among sites. A site’s a is related to its number N of sampled stems and the number S of species among them by the equation S = a 1n (1 + NI a.). For N > 500, a usually depends little on the number N of stems sampled or their lower size limit. Tree diversity (measured by a) is lower on Malagasy sample plots than in Amazonian or Malaysian forest plots of comparable climate, but decidedly higher than on forest plots of comparable climate in India or Sri Lanka.
Has Madagascar’s limited size limited plant diversification ? We propose other ways to assess whether, and to what degree, Madagascar’s limited size has restricted the evolution of truly competitive vegetation, such as the variety and effectiveness of chemical and morphological defenses against herbivores among the plants of Madagascar, and the susceptibility of Madagascar’s vegetation, especially mature forests, to invasion by exotics.