bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solanum sucrense and Solanum tuberosum, Bacterial Wilt-tolerant Potato Germplasm
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , Phatak S. C. , Ghate S. R. , Gitaitis R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bacterial wilt or brown rot caused by Pseudomonas solanaceamm E.F. Sm. is a major limiting factor of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in the warm, humid regions of the world, including the coastal plain region of southeastern United States (5).
Cultural Modifications of Deciduous Tree Fruits for Mechanized Production
Authors: Peterson Donald L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tree fruit production is a labor intensive operation requiring an average of over 300 manhours/ha (38), which represents the largest single production cost (15). Most of this labor is seasonal, with hand pruning and harvesting accounting for 30% and 50%, respectively, of the total cost (6, 17, 34). The supply of skilled domestic workers to perform necessary operations usually does not meet the seasonal labor requirement. Substantial numbers of undocumented aliens are employed to reduce this shortage; but they represent an unstable supply (29, 33). Increased mechanization is one option for alleviating this labor shortage. Increased importation of low priced foreign fruit and fruit products is another justification for increased mechanization to reduce costs and keep American orchardists competitive (33).
Methods of Inducing Water Stress in Plants
Authors: Krizek Donald T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent droughts in the United States, Africa, and other parts of the world have focused attention on the fact that the world’s water supply is declining rapidly. Maximum potential of horticultural and agronomic crops seldom is attained under natural conditions because of limitations imposed by drought, flooding, cold, heat, acid soils, and other environmental stresses (85, 87, 172).
Prevention of Sucrose Inversion during Preparation of HPLC Samples
Authors: Boersig Michael R. , Negm Fayek B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A preparative column consisting of 1 ml each polyvinylpyrrolidone, Amberlite IRA-45 in the acetate form, and Dowex 50W in the acid form removed 98% to 99% of the cations and phenolics from leaf extracts of Euonymus japonica Thunb. and from standard solutions of magnesium acetate and catechin. Sucrose inversion occurred when 2 or 3 ml of cation exchange resin were used or when 1 ml was used at a flow rate of 0.1 ml/min. Sucrose inversion was inversely related to column flow rate.
Chemical Weed Control in Caladiums
Authors: Gilreath J. P. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eight herbicides were evaluated for phytotoxicity to field grown ‘Candidium’ caladiums (Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey) in 1983. The 4 most promising or currently used herbicides were evaluated for weed control and phytotoxicity in 1984. During 1984, 4 applications of 2.24 kg/ha alachlor, 2.24 kg/ha simazine, 1.68 kg/ha oryzalin, and 0.56 kg/ha oxyfluorfen, all in combination with 1 postemergence application of 0.28 kg/ha fluazifop-butyl, were applied to caladiums. Alachlor and oxyfluorfen provided poor weed control and reduced plant vigor, tuber weights, and tuber size in 1984. Simazine provided good weed control, but reduced plant vigor and yield. Oryazlin provided excellent weed control without crop injury. Chemical names used: 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide (alachlor); 6-chloro-N,N’-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (simazine); 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzene sulfonamide (oryzalin); 2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (oxyfluorfen); butyl-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy] phenoxy] propanoate (fluazifop-butyl).
A Nondestructive Method for Measuring Root System Surface Area
Authors: Wulster George J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method is described for obtaining nondestructive estimates of root system surface area. The technique is based on the assumption that the larger the root system, the more gel of a given viscosity will adhere to it. The correlation between gel adherence and 5 parameters of root system size (root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, and root surface area) is established.
Fertilizer and Irrigation Effects on Medium Leachate and African Violet Growth
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. , Martin Willis C. , Shu Lih-Jyu , Evans Clyde E. , Patterson Richard M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Of various controlled-release fertilizer materials, tested on African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl) at 300, 600, and 900 kg/ha for leachate soluble salts, Ca, P, K, and Mg and plant injury, Scott 25.0–4.4–8.3 gave the best result and Scott 15.0–8.7–4.2 gave the poorest result. Precise 8.0–4.8–4.2 leachate generally contained more Ca and Mg and lower leachate soluble salts, but was lower in P and K than the other fertilizers. With the exception of Precise, the leachate soluble salts of most of the fertilizers was initially (10th irrigation) too high. The 900 kg/ha rates for some fertilizers caused high leachate soluble salts and plant injury.
The Effect of Source and Culture Host on the Larviposition of the Melon Aphid on Several Test Plants
Authors: Kishaba Albert N. , Coudriet Donald L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, was collected from 3 field host species at 3 different localities and then reared on 3 different laboratory host plants, their larviposition was the greatest when the field host, maintenance, and the test plants were the same species. Those collected from Cucurbita sp. and subcultured on either Cucumis melo L. ‘PMR 45’ muskmelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai ‘Crimson Sweet’ watermelon, or Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Small Sugar’ pumpkin, initially larviposited less when compared to the stock cultured on ‘PMR 45’ for 8 years. After 6 months of acclimation, those reared on either watermelon or muskmelon larviposited equally as well as the stock culture. Those reared on pumpkin, however, did not appear to acclimate. Larviposition of aphids cultured on muskmelon, watermelon, and pumpkin on 5 common test plants suggest watermelon the most acceptable as a transition host. Regardless of aphid source or rearing host, reproduction was lowest on progeny 91731 selected from our aphid-resistance source PI 414723, which was used to develop 3 released aphid-resistant breeding lines of muskmelon.
A Gene Affecting Tomato Root Morphology
Authors: Hochmuth George J. , Gabelman Warren H. , Gerloff Gerald C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A strain of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) having a high capacity for P uptake and characterized by prolific root hair formation (“cottony root”) was studied genetically. Based on data from several experiments, a monogenic, recessive mode of inheritance was indicated. The gene symbol crt has been proposed for “cottony root”.
Rooting of Sweet Potato Stem Cuttings under CO2-enriched Environment and with IAA Treatment
Authors: Bhattacharya Sheila , Bhattacharya N. C. , Strain B. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stem cuttings of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. ‘Georgia Jet’) with intact apex and leaves were cultured in water or in different concentrations of IAA and were maintained in controlled-environment chambers at 350, 675, or 1000 ppm CO2. The temperature was 20°C during a 14-hr day and 14° during a 10-hr dark period. The photosynthetic photon flux density was 550 μmol s-1m-2 (27.7 mol m-2 day-1). Elevated CO2 concentrations stimulated the production of roots in the presence of IAA, and this effect was more pronounced at 675 ppm than at 1000 ppm CO2 atmosphere.
Screening for Cucumber Antibiosis to Pickleworm
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Elsey Kent D. , Kennedy George G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A detached-leaf test was used to screen a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm collection for antibiosis to the pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll.). Data were collected on 1160 lines planted in the field in 1981. The 36 most resistant and 36 most susceptible lines were retested with improved methods, reducing the number of lines to 8 and finally to 6 based on leaf damage by pickleworm larvae. Selections were made within those lines to stabilize the resistant or susceptible reaction of each line in our test. In a final test, no significant differences were found among the selections, which included the most resistant and most susceptible lines identified in all studies. A heritability study was run on a population produced by intercrossing the 5 most resistant and 3 most susceptible lines identified in the initial field screening for 3 generations. Parent-offspring regression was used to estimate a narrow-sense heri-tablity of 0.03. Thus, there was little or no genetic variation in cucumber for antibiosis to pickleworm larvae, and other methods of control should be used.
Irradiance and Plant Growth in Greenhouses during Winter
Authors: Downs Robert J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) growth in an unshaded, temperature-controlled greenhouse varied annually as a function of month. Growth was proportional to the average daily irradiance at plant level, but variance of the data suggested an interaction with some other environmental factor, possibly reduced substrate and plant temperature due to reradiation to the cold greenhouse glass at night during winter.
A Portable Fogging Apparatus for Field or Greenhouse Use
Authors: Musselman Robert C. , Sterrett Jerry L. , Granett Andrew L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A portable fogging apparatus has been developed to deliver fog to field or greenhouse experimental plots. The device is inexpensive, easy to construct, requires little maintenance, and is transported easily to remote locations. The system uses compressed gas, but requires no pressurized fresh water source or electrical power. It has been used successfully to deliver acidic fogs both to remote field plots and to greenhouse plants.
Nitrate-ammonium Nitrogen Ratio and Fertilizer Application Method Influence Bract Necrosis and Growth of Poinsettia
Authors: Nell Terril A. , Barrett James E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ poinsettia was introduced to the commercial industry in the late 1970s and has been shown to be sensitive to bract necrosis (3). Necrotic spots occasionally develop on the intermediate bracts during the latter parts of the crop cycle. Nell and Barrett (2) found this problem to be worse when plants were provided 300–400 mg/liter Ν at every irrigation and well watered during bract coloration. Symptoms resembled injury due to elemental toxicity or desiccation. Observations in commercial operations suggested that necrosis may be related to fertilizer source or formulation.
‘Wells Delight’ and ‘Bloodstone’ Creeping Blueberries
Authors: Kirkman W. Benson , Ballington James R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Creeping blueberries [Vaccinium section Herpothamnus (Small) Sleumer] comprise 2 species under current taxonomic treatments (2,3). Distribution is limited primarily to the eastern half of North and South Carolina. Vaccinium crassifolium Andrews (1), the most widespread species, occurs in the outer Coastal Plain in South Carolina and inland to the fall zone just below the North Carolina-South Carolina line. It occurs in North Carolina throughout most of the Coastal Plain, Sandhills, and occasionally into the eastern Piedmont. Vaccinium sempervirens Rayner and Henderson (3) was recently described as a new species endemic to Lexington County, South Carolina. It differs from Vaccinium crassifolium primarily in vegetative characteristics and is geographically isolated from it (W.B. Kirkman and J.R. Ballington, unpublished data).
Training Future Plant Breeders — A Unique Opportunity for Horticulture Departments
Authors: Bradley George A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I am not a plant breeder, but for 30 years I have been associated with a department where the area of plant breeding and genetics has received major emphasis, and I have come to believe that this area holds more promise than any other in improving agricultural production nationally and worldwide. Recent and continuing changes in the plant breeding and genetics area are creating a unique opportunity for departments of horticulture that can provide a complete program in plant breeding and genetics, from genetic engineering to the final release of a cultivar. Although many future graduates may be associated with only a small part of total cultivar development, all would gain perspective from association with faculty that represent all segments of the scientific program.
Hiding Our Light Under a Bushel or Are Good Teachers of Horticulture Truly Scarce?
Authors: Read Paul E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Good horticultural educators are indeed a rare breed, based on the dearth of publications cited under “Education” in Hort-Science indexes. The data presented in Tables 1 and 2 are cause for serious concern in my opinion. Furthermore, the picture becomes even more dismal when the figures are examined closely.
Environmental and Physiological Constraints on Field Performance of Seeds
Authors: Matthews S. , Powell Alison A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As with other crops, the establishment of a stand in the field is the essential first step in the growing of vegetables. There are, however, several production and economic factors that make field performance of vegetable seeds particularly crucial. The worst possibility, emergence failure that necessitates resowing, could mean a delay in harvest that leads to a drastic fall in market price. Uneven emergence reduces overall yield in wide-spaced crops such as lettuce (5, 13) and leads to variability in harvest date and size (5, 13), both of which are critical in satisfying the demands of the market in terms of availability and grading quality. Lack of uniformity in the rate of emergence can also adversely affect the ability to harvest at one time and still achieve uniform standards of size and quality.
Retardation of Vine Development of Pot-grown Sweet Potato Plants with Mepiquat Chloride
Authors: Hall Melvin R. , Turner Janies C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mepiquat chloride sprays did not affect the percentage of dry weight partitioned to ‘Georgia Jet’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas Lam.] vines or storage roots, but with 4000 or 8000 mg liter−1 concentrations there was a tendency toward reduced vine length and reduced number of nodes. Plants grown in 2.5-liter pots were smaller than plants grown in 10-liter pots, but responded similarly to mepiquat chloride. Chemical names used: 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride (mepiquat chloride).
Strawberry Cultivar Response to Postplant Applications of Terbacil
Authors: Masiunas J. B. , Weller S. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Terbacil at 0, 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg·ha−1 was applied immediately after planting to strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) cultivars Surecrop, Honeoye, Guardian, Redchief, and Delite. Plant vigor and number of mother plants were reduced by all herbicide rates >0.28 kg·ha−1. ‘Delite’ plants were less vigorous at the time of planting than other cultivars. There were no differences between cultivars in number of rooted runners, but terbacil at rates >0.28 kg·ha−1 reduced runner rooting. Yield the year following planting was dependent on terbacil rate and cultivar. Vigorous cultivars (i.e., ‘Redchief) had superior yields. Terbacil at 0.28 kg·ha−1 was safe when applied to newly planted strawberries on soils with organic matter content of at least 1.0%. Chemical name used: 5-chloro-3-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (terbacil).
Field Dissolution of Sulfur-coated Ureas in Turfgrass
Authors: Hummel N. W. , Waddington D. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A field study was conducted to characterize dissolution of sulfur-coated ureas (SCU) of different particle sizes. Five fine and 4 coarse SCU sources from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) were selected to represent a range of 7-day dissolution rates. They were applied at a N rate of 122 kg·ha−1 to 324 cm2 plots. Undissolved, residual pellet weights were determined every 2 weeks for 12 weeks after application. In comparisons of fine and coarse SCU with similar laboratory dissolution rates, the fine materials dissolved significantly faster than the coarse materials. The 7-day laboratory dissolution rate correlated strongly to pellet recovery in the field when fine and coarse materials were compared separately. The correlation was not as strong when all SCU sources were compared jointly.
Kentucky Bluegrass and Annual Bluegrass Responses to Ethofumesate
Authors: Shearman R. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a 1983 study, ethofumesate at 1.1, 2.2, and 3.3 kg°ha−1; bensulide at kg°ha−1; and an untreated control were compared for annual bluegrass [Poa annua var. annua (L.) Timm] control and injury to ‘Park’ and ‘Touchdown’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Ethofumesate at 1.1 to 3.3 kg°ha−1 reduced verdure and clipping yields of both cultivars, but gave significant P. annua control. Bensulide at 13.6 kg°ha−1 caused no injury and had unsatisfactory P. annua control. In 1984 ethofumesate was applied to ‘Touchdown’ at 1.1 and 2.2 kg°ha−1 and in repeat treatments of 1.1 + 1.1 kg°ha−1 and 2.2 + 1.1 kg°ha−1 with a 30-day interval between treatments, and was compared to bensulide at 13.6 kg°ha−1 and an untreated control. Ethofumesate caused injury at 7 and 15 days after treatment (DAT), but only the repeat treatments had significant injury at 60 DAT. No injury was detectable at 260 DAT. Excellent annual bluegrass control was obtained at 2.2 kg°ha−1 and 2.2 + 1.1 kg°ha−1. Good annual bluegrass reduction was noted for the other treatments with exception of bensulide, which only reduced the pest population by 50%. Lateral spread of ‘Touchdown’ increased with ethofumesate treatment (when compared to the untreated control) due to reduced annual bluegrass competition. Chemical names used: (±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3.3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate (ethofumesate); and O,O-bis(l-methylethyl)S-[2[(phenylsufonyl) aminojethyl] phosphorodithioate (bensulide).
Effects of Calcium and Auxin on Russet Spotting and Phenylalanine Ammonialyase Activity in Iceberg Lettuce
Authors: Ke Dangyand , Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of 0.3-0.5 M Ca or 0.1−1.0 mM 2,4-D strongly inhibited russet spotting (RS) in iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaf tissues and significantly reduced extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. Since neither Ca nor 2,4-D reduced PAL activity in vitro, they may inhibit RS development by inhibiting in vivo PAL biosynthesis. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); and 1H-indol-3-acetic acid (IAA).
Influence of Fruit Maturity and Growing District on Brown-core Disorder in ‘Bosc’ Pears
Authors: Chen P. M. , Borgic D. M. , Sugar D. , Mellenthin W. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Bose’ pear fruits (Pyrus communis L.) grown in northern Oregon (NO, Hood River) and southern Oregon (SO, Medford) were harvested during the commercial harvest period and stored in either 1 % O2 with trace CO2 or in 5 other controlled atmosphere (CA) regimes, O2/CO2 at 0.5%/0%, 1.0%/0.5%, 1.5%/0.5%, 2.0/0.5%, and 2.5%/1.0%, for 6 months at −1°C in 1982, 1983, and 1984. Fruits from the NO were more susceptible to brown core (BC) disorder than those from SO. Late-harvested fruits, especially from NO, were more susceptible than early harvested ones. A low O2 concentration of <1% in CA storage without CO2 increased the potential for fruit to develop BC, and an elevated CO2 level enhanced the effect of low O2. Based on this study, it is recommended that ‘Bose’ pear fruits from NO can be safely stored in O2 not less than 1.5% with trace CO2 and those from SO in O2 as low as 1% with CO2 between 0 and 0.5% for 6 months at −1° with little probability of BC.
Accumulation of 14C from Foliar-applied [14C]urea by Developing Tomato Fruits
Authors: Shelp Barry J. , Shattuck Vernon I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metabolism of foliar-applied [14C]urea and accumulation of 14C by developing fruits was investigated in trimmed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Carrier-free, high-specific-activity [14C]urea, applied to the single source leaf, resulted in production of 14C-labeled neutral compounds (presumably sugars) that were exported from this leaf and recovered from the single developing fruit after 6 and 24 hr. [14C]urea also was recovered from the fruit, but it possessed only one-half as much 14C activity as neutral compounds. Using an in vivo assay, leaf pieces also exhibited linear rates of urea-dependent NH3 production (2.17 ± μpmol°g−1 fresh weight per hour) that was inhibited (96%) by acetohydroxamate, a compound specific for the enzyme urease. Thus, urea is metabolized to NH3 and CO2 in tomato leaves via the enzyme urease, and the released CO2 is assimilated in a fashion similar to that of external CO2. Foliar application of [14C]urea may be useful for studying source-sink relations in tomato plants.
Early Shoot and Root Quality Effects on Nursery and Field Development of Tissue-cultured Loblolly Pine
Authors: Wisniewski L. A. , Frampton L. J. , McKeand S. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Height, number of roots, root length, and shoot quality rating on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) tissue culture plantlets were measured in the laboratory and related to subsequent nursery and field performance. Shoot quality rating was the most important characteristic and was most consistently correlated with nursery and field traits. These results imply that only plantlets with the best shoot quality rating should be used so that growth rates will be similar to seedlings.
Genetic Selection During the Abscission of Avocado Fruitlets
Authors: Degani Chemda , Goldring Anat , Gazit Shmuel , Lavi Uri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Evidence is presented suggesting that genetic selection could be an important factor in avocado fruitlet abscission. ‘Ettinger’ embryos (Persea americana Mill.) at different stages of fruit development were classified according to their leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) electrophoretic pattern in the Lap-2 locus. Analysis of several fruitlet populations showed significant deviations from the expected Mendelian ratio. The genotypic ratios at the different stages indicate genetic selection during fruitlet abscission.
Resistance in Cowpea to the Southern Green Stink Bug
Authors: Schalk James M. , Fery Richard L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A series of outdoor screen-cage tests were carried out over a 4-year period to determine the range of available resistance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] to the southern green stink bug (SGSB) [Nezara viridula (L.)]. A total of 124 cowpea cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introductions (PI) were evaluated in an unreplicated test in 1981 (Test I); and PI 293476, PI 293557, PI 293570, PI 353074, and PI 354580 were identified as having potentially useful levels of resistance. In a subsequent replicated test in 1982 (Test II), these introductions exhibited less SGSB seed damage and significantly greater seed yield than did the susceptible check Ala 562-3-1-2. PI 293557 and PI 293570 were evaluated further in replicated tests in 1983 (Test III) and 1984 (Test IV) using both infested and uninfested treatments. Both accessions produced appreciable seed yields under conditions that significantly reduced yields in the susceptible checks. Tolerance to SGSB injury appears to be responsible for the resistance exhibited by PI 293557 and PI 293570.