bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart knife: technological advances towards smart cutting tools in meat industry automation
Authors: Mason Alex , Romanov Dmytro , Cordova-Lopez L. Eduardo , Ross Steven , Korostynska Olga 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Modern meat processing requires automation and robotisation to remain sustainable and adapt to future challenges, including those brought by global infection events. Automation of all or many processes is seen as the way forward, with robots performing various tasks instead of people. Meat cutting is one of these tasks. Smart novel solutions, including smart knives, are required, with the smart knife being able to analyse and predict the meat it cuts. This paper aims to review technologies with the potential to be used as a so-called “smart knife” The criteria for a smart knife are also defined.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews various technologies that can be used, either alone or in combination, for developing a future smart knife for robotic meat cutting, with possibilities for their integration into automatic meat processing. Optical methods, Near Infra-Red spectroscopy, electrical impedance spectroscopy, force sensing and electromagnetic wave-based sensing approaches are assessed against the defined criteria for a smart knife.

Findings
Optical methods are well established for meat quality and composition characterisation but lack speed and robustness for real-time use as part of a cutting tool. Combining these methods with artificial intelligence (AI) could improve the performance. Methods, such as electrical impedance measurements and rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry, are invasive and not suitable in meat processing since they damage the meat. One attractive option is using athermal electromagnetic waves, although no commercially developed solutions exist that are readily adaptable to produce a smart knife with proven functionality, robustness or reliability.

Originality/value
This paper critically reviews and assesses a range of sensing technologies with very specific requirements: to be compatible with robotic assisted cutting in the meat industry. The concept of a smart knife that can benefit from these technologies to provide a real-time “feeling feedback” to the robot is at the centre of the discussion.
Effect of fragment impact on shaped charge jet formation and penetration into steel target
Authors: Hafizoglu Hakan , Konokman Huseyin Emrah , Kesemen Latif , Atay Ali Kursat 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effects of fragment impacts to shaped charge warheads in terms of shaped charge jet formation geometries and penetration performances.

Design/methodology/approach
In experimental process, a fragment was accelerated to a shaped charge warhead by means of a powder gun to a velocity more than 1,000 m/s, and this impact led to conical damage in the explosive of the warhead. Deformation on the warhead was visualized using X-ray technique to observe holes generated during fragment impact. Penetration test was performed against AISI 1040 steel plates with the damaged shaped charge warhead. Penetration performance of shaped charge jet, which deviated from the symmetry axis, was simulated by using SPEED software with 3-D Eulerian method to validate the numerical modelling method by comparing penetration test and simulation results of damaged warhead.

Findings
Simulation and test results showed good correlation for the warhead in terms of penetration depth and hole geometry at the impact surface of steel plates. In addition, the effects of the numbers and the geometries of fragment holes on shaped charge jet penetration performances were investigated with validated numerical methods. Simulation results showed that the increase in the number of fragment holes in the explosive of the warhead led to particulation of shaped charge jet that diminished penetration depth in the target plate. Additionally, simulation results also showed that the fragment hole geometry in the explosive after different fragment impact angles affected the amount of jet deviation from the symmetry axis as well as penetration depth in the target plate.

Practical implications
The results obtained from the current study revealed that fragment impact angle and different number of fragment impact reduced the penetration performance of shaped charge warhead by influencing the symmetry of shaped charge jet negatively.

Originality/value
The current study fulfils the need to investigate how fragment impact on the shaped charge warhead affect the formation symmetry of shaped charge jet as well as penetration performance by experimental and numerical methods. Penetration performance result of asymmetric jet is compared by experimental and numerical studies. A detailed methodology on numerically modelling of the effect of fragment impact angle and number of fragment impact on shaped charge jet performance is given in this study.
Who's a good citizen? Status and power in minority and majority youths' conceptions of citizenship
Authors: Simonsen Kristina Bakkær 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCitizenship has become the language through which several interconnected societal concerns are debated in Europe today. One of these concerns relates to youths' willingness and abilities to live up to dominant citizen ideals. The questioning of young adults' citizenship is particularly intense for youths with an ethnic minority background who are feared to hold values at odds with majority society. In this article, I ask how Danish youths define what it means to be a good (and a bad) citizen, and I investigate how their answers are shaped by their status within dominant hierarchies of belonging. Analyzing 71 in‐depth interviews with young adults in Denmark, I find that they share a conception of citizenship informed by virtues central to the Danish welfare state. At the same time, minority and majority youths place different emphasis on specific traits and duties. These shifts in emphasis reflect that the two groups do not experience the same access to making claims to citizenship. In particular, the ideal of the politically active and critical citizen is largely reserved for majority youths who – because of their status – feel more entitled and called upon to make independent judgments. Theoretically, the article brings the literatures on ordinary citizenship and everyday nationhood into conversation to reflect on the simultaneous reproduction of common norms and on how hierarchies of belonging nevertheless shape different groups' abilities to redefine citizenship. More generally, I contribute to broader sociological debates about agency and structure by discussing how majority youths' power to make independent claims to citizenship masks their privileged position in the national order of things. The study thus sheds light on how structure is made visible to those who are confronted with constraints (minority youths) and invisible to those who have a secure status (majority youths).
Does initial buccal crest thickness affect final buccal crest thickness after flapless immediate implant placement and provisionalization: A prospective cone beam computed tomogram cohort study
Authors: Staas Tristan Ariaan , Groenendijk Edith , Bronkhorst Ewald , Verhamme Luc , Raghoebar Gerry Max , Meijer Gerrit Jacobus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFlapless immediate implant placement and provisionalization (FIIPP) in the aesthetic zone is still controversial. Especially, an initial buccal crest thickness (BCT) of ≤1 mm is thought to be disruptive for the final buccal crest stability jeopardizing the aesthetic outcome.PurposeTo radiographically assess the BCT and buccal crest height (BCH) after 1 year and to calculate the correlation between initial and final achieved BCT.Materials and MethodsThe study was designed as a prospective study on FIIPP. Only patients were included in whom one maxillary incisor was considered as lost. In six centers, 100 consecutive patients received FIIPP. Implants were placed in a maximal palatal position of the socket, thereby creating a buccal space of at least 2 mm, which was subsequently filled with a bovine bone substitute. Files of preoperative (T0), peroperative (T1) and 1‐year postoperative (T3) cone beam computed tomogram (CBCT) scans were imported into the Maxillim™ software to analyze the changes in BCT‐BCH over time.ResultsPreoperatively, 85% of the cases showed a BCT ≤1 mm, in 25% of the patients also a small buccal defect (≤5 mm) was present. Mean BCT at the level of the implant‐shoulder increased from 0.6 mm at baseline to 3.3 mm immediate postoperatively and compacted to 2.4 mm after 1 year. Mean BCH improved from 0.7 to 3.1 mm peroperatively, and resorbed to 1.7 mm after 1 year. The Pearson correlation of 0.38 between initial and final BCT was significant (p = 0.01) and therefore is valued as moderate. If only patients (75%) with an intact alveolus were included in the analysis, still a “moderate correlation” of 0.32 (p = 0.01) was calculated.ConclusionsA “moderate correlation” was shown for the hypothesis that “thinner preoperative BCT's deliver thinner BCT's” 1 year after performing FIIPP.
Immunohistochemistry of the oncofetal protein IMP3 is helpful in the diagnosis of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma using skin biopsy
Authors: Odani Kentaro , Fujimoto Masakazu , Hirata Masahiro , Nishikori Momoko , Usui Shunya , Yamada Yosuke , Saeki Miho , Ono Kazuo , Iwasa Yoko , Haga Hironori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe oncofetal protein insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein‐3 (IMP3) is expressed in various cancers. In this study, we examined the diagnostic utility of IMP3 immunohistochemistry in the context of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVL).MethodsWe obtained 25 skin biopsy (SB) specimens diagnosed as IVL and nine IVL‐negative SB specimens from 27 IVL patients. Additionally, 27 negative SB specimens from 26 non‐IVL patients were obtained from our pathology archives. We performed IMP3 immunohistochemistry on these 61 SB specimens, considering IMP3 expression in any mononuclear cell as positive. In selected cases, triple immunostaining for IMP3, PAX5, and CD34 was performed to analyze the origin and location of IMP3‐positive cells.ResultsIMP3 was expressed in most intravascular lymphoma cells in all the 25 SB specimens diagnosed as IVL. Furthermore, our evaluation revealed the presence of intravascular IMP3‐positive B‐cells in five of the nine negative SB specimens from IVL patients; however, this was not observed in the 27 SB specimens from non‐IVL patients.ConclusionIMP3 was expressed in most IVL cells, and IMP3 immunohistochemistry could serve as a sensitive diagnostic aid for detecting IVL cells in SB.
Toward a Dialogue of the Heels?
Authors: Rajkumar Peniel Jesudason Rufus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFollowing its assembly in Busan in 2013, the World Council of Churches (WCC) adopted the framework of a Pilgrimage of Justice and Peace (PJP) for its programmatic engagement. This article explores how themes and concerns relating to justice shaped the programmatic engagement of the WCC’s Office of Interreligious Dialogue and Cooperation. To this end, it analyzes the three dimensions of the WCC’s interreligious work: bilateral dialogues, resourcing churches, and interreligious collaboration. Showing how the PJP’s orientation toward learning from the margins also significantly influenced the justice‐orientation of the WCC’s interreligious engagement, the article proposes a new model of interreligious dialogue called the “dialogue of the heels” to complement the existing models of interreligious engagement of dialogue of the head, the heart, the hands and the holy. This dialogue of the heels has a dual attention: to the experiences of injustice and to the agency for justice of marginalized communities. It thus can offer a necessary corrective to interreligious dialogue, which has long been accused of being elitist and estranged from liberative engagement.
On the Future of Buddhist–Christian Relations
Authors: Kilroy Myozan Kodo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBuddhist–Christian relations have suffered setbacks in recent decades, after the progress made at the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s. This article suggests that progress can be made again if Christians recognize the different paradigm they encounter in Buddhism rather than attempting to read Buddhism through the paradigm that Abrahamic faiths represent. This paper also suggests that Buddhist–Christian relations have suffered through “religious appropriation” of Buddhist practices on the one hand and defensive misrepresentations of Buddhism on the other. It suggests that relations can improve if Christian–Buddhist exchanges are conducted with the understanding that two religions are meeting in a “soft secular” space of equality. In this space, certain first principles are respected: proselytization and evangelical motivations are parked; attempts to understand the other through the self are suspended; and sharing action is emphasized over sharing scripture, in an embodied relationship with outcomes in the social world.
Interreligious Dialogue and Convergent Hermeneutics
Authors: Simon Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe link between religions and several issues of contemporary relevance lead to the need for interreligious dialogue today. However, interreligious dialogue is not about creating a unifying hermeneutic leading to convergence, as many approaches in our day tend to be. For religions to be in fruitful conversation, there is no need for levelling differences and denying one’s own convictions. Core theological convictions need not be up for discussion in dialogue. Rather, a hermeneutic of difference may be used that allows differences to stand in a respectful space. An interreligious conviviality that allows dialogue participants to learn from each other, share with each other, and celebrate with each other can lay perspectives for an interreligious future.
Christian Theological Engagement with Islam
Authors: Marshall David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article surveys the wide range of approaches to Christian theological engagement with Islam reflected in around 20 recent publications, focusing largely on monographs published from 2016 on. The works are discussed in the following categories: approaches to Islam in general; the Qur’an; Muhammad; Christology and soteriology; law, politics, and public life; and Orthodox approaches. As well as the ecclesial diversity of the authors – Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, evangelical – the survey covers varied theological approaches on a spectrum from “maximalist” to “minimalist” assessments of the extent of common ground between Christianity and Islam. The conclusion reflects on the Western provenance of the great majority of the studies surveyed and calls for more joined‐up thinking by Christian scholars working in this field.
No evidence of biodiversity effects on stream ecosystem functioning across green and brown food web pathways
Authors: López‐Rojo Naiara , Boyero Luz , Pérez Javier , Basaguren Ana , Cardinale Bradley J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Biodiversity loss is known to affect the two fundamental and opposite processes controlling carbon and nutrient cycles globally, that is, primary production and decomposition, which are driven by green and brown food web compartments, respectively.

However, biodiversity in these two food web compartments has been mostly studied independently, and potential reciprocal effects of biodiversity loss on ecosystem processes remain unclear.

We conducted a 35‐day stream mesocosm experiment with two levels of algal diversity (natural and diluted periphyton communities) and three levels of litter diversity (no litter, monocultures of poplar, maple, and oak, and the three‐spp. mixture) to simulate changes in biodiversity in both the green and brown pathways of an aquatic food web. We then measured multiple ecosystem processes pertaining to carbon cycling.

We predicted that algal diversity would enhance decomposition and sporulation of fungal decomposers, while litter diversity would enhance algal growth and net primary production, due to the more diverse algal exudates or litter nutrients being released from more diverse mixtures.

In contrast to this hypothesis, we only found biodiversity effects on an ecosystem process within the green pathway: there was a relationship between algal diversity and biofilm carrying capacity. Nevertheless, we found that this relationship was affected by the presence or absence of litter (algal diversity increased the carrying capacity in presence of litter and decreased it in its absence), which also influenced the algal community structure.

Our mesocosm experiment did not evidence relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem processes across different food web compartments, but further studies in more realistic conditions would be necessary to confirm this result. If supported, the lack of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships across compartments would facilitate the prediction of the impacts of biodiversity loss on ecosystems.
Persistent thermally driven shift in the functional trait structure of herbivorous fishes: Evidence of top‐down control on the rebound potential of temperate seaweed forests?
Authors: Bosch Nestor E. , McLean Matthew , Zarco‐Perello Salvador , Bennett Scott , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Vergés Adriana , Pessarrodona Albert , Tuya Fernando , Langlois Tim , Spencer Claude , Bell Sahira , Saunders Benjamin J. , Harvey Euan S. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExtreme climatic events can reshape the functional structure of ecological communities, potentially altering ecological interactions and ecosystem functioning. While these shifts have been widely documented, evidence of their persistence and potential flow‐on effects on ecosystem structure following relaxation of extreme events remains limited. Here, we investigate changes in the functional trait structure – encompassing dimensions of resource use, thermal affinity, and body size – of herbivorous fishes in a temperate reef system that experienced an extreme marine heatwave (MHW) and subsequent return to cool conditions. We quantify how changes in the trait structure modified the nature and intensity of herbivory‐related functions (macroalgae, turf, and sediment removal), and explored the potential flow‐on effects on the recovery dynamics of macroalgal foundation species. The trait structure of the herbivorous fish assemblage shifted as a result of the MHW, from dominance of cool‐water browsing species to increased evenness in the distribution of abundance among temperate and tropical guilds supporting novel herbivory roles (i.e. scraping, cropping, and sediment sucking). Despite the abundance of tropical herbivorous fishes and intensity of herbivory‐related functions declined following a period of cooling after the MHW, the underlying trait structure displayed limited recovery. Concomitantly, algal assemblages displayed a lack of recovery of the formerly dominant foundational species, the kelp Ecklonia radiata, transitioning to an alternative state dominated by turf and Sargassum spp. Our study demonstrates a legacy effect of an extreme MHW and exemplified the value of monitoring phenotypic (trait mediated) changes in the nature of core ecosystem processes to predict and adapt to the future configurations of changing reef ecosystems.
PROTECTING THE PUBLIC SPHERE(S): THE CAMPAIGN FOR PETER‐PAUL ZAHL
Authors: Corke Catriona 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTPeter‐Paul Zahl was a writer, printing press owner, and from 1972 to 1982 a prisoner suspected of belonging to the Red Army Faction (RAF). During the late 1970s, a number of prominent authors risked their reputations to campaign on his behalf. They did not argue that Zahl was innocent of violent crime, but instead protested that he had been handed an excessive prison sentence on account of his left‐wing political views. This article examines the role that their shared identity as writers played in the campaign for Zahl, and how their self‐awareness as authors translated into a sense of responsibility for civil society as a whole. They viewed the censorship of Zahl's printing press and of his prison writing as a threat to their own literary freedom, especially in the polarised political landscape that had emerged in response to the RAF. Authors used pre‐existing literary networks – namely the ‘Verband deutscher Schriftsteller’ and PEN International – as political leverage. Zahl's case left a number of prominent writers feeling impelled to protect the public spheres – both mainstream and alternative – so that the voices which could hold the Federal Republic to account might be heard.Peter‐Paul Zahl war Schriftsteller, Drucker und von 1972 bis 1982 Gefangener, der der Mitgliedschaft in der Roten Armee Fraktion (RAF) verdächtigt wurde. In den späten siebziger Jahren riskierten prominente Autor:innen ihr öffentliches Ansehen, um sich für Zahl einzusetzen. Sie behaupteten nicht, dass Zahl unschuldig sei, sondern dass aufgrund seiner politisch linksradikalen Einstellung eine unangemessen hohe Haftstrafe gegen ihn verhängt wurde. Der folgende Beitrag untersucht, welche Bedeutung ihre gemeinsame Identität als Schriftsteller:innen in der Kampagne für Peter‐Paul Zahl spielte. Die Autor:innen nutzten bereits existierende literarische Netzwerke wie den aerband deutscher Schriftstellerʼ sowie PEN International als politisches Druckmittel. Gerade in der durch die RAF polarisierten politischen Landschaft betrachteten sie die Zensur von Zahls Druckerei und seinen im Gefängnis geschriebenen Werken als Bedrohung der eigenen literarischen Freiheit. Ihr Selbstbewusstsein als Autor:innen brachte ein starkes Verantwortungsgefühl für die gesamte Zivilgesellschaft mit sich. Der Fall Peter‐Paul Zahl führte dazu, dass sich eine Reihe von Autor:innen veranlasst sahen, die (Gegen‐)Öffentlichkeit zu schützen, damit die Stimmen, die die Bundesrepublik zur Rechenschaft zogen, gehört werden konnten.
THE ‘DUNKELMÄNNER’ OF DOKTOR FAUSTUS: HUMANISTS VERSUS THEOLOGIANS
Authors: Eagles Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis essay considers the treatment of theology in Thomas Mann's novel Doktor Faustus. Specifically, it proposes theology as meeting‐point of the two opposing elements characteristic of German cultural history: humanism and fanaticism (‘the demonic’). The most significant representatives of humanism are the so‐called ‘Dunkelmänner’: the Christian humanists of the Reformation period and authors of the Epistolae obscurorum virorum. In these letters, we encounter the refined creative capacity of the human mind and spirit, in contrast to the excessive coarseness of the protestant Reformation and Martin Luther. The novel's narrator Serenus Zeitblom identifies himself particularly with Crotus Rubianus and Erasmus as representatives of both the classical and the Christian cultural world, a tradition threatened by fanaticism and violence in the twentieth century as in the sixteenth. The Epistolae arose from the burning of Jewish literature, and Mann's point is that the enfeebled German intelligentsia of the Third Reich now contains no true ‘Dunkelmänner’ – except perhaps himself. The essay also examines the sources of the theological material in the novel, both with reference to the characters in the university faculty in Halle and to the theological concepts themselves which give the novel its essential substance and are therefore necessary to its understanding.