bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyropia yezoensis porphyran alleviates metabolic disorders via modulating gut microbiota in high‐sucrose‐fed Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: He Dan , Wu Qifang , Lu Chenying , Wu Jinlan , Chen Peichao , Wu Mingjiang , Choi Jong‐il , Tong Haibin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrebiotics, such as algal polysaccharides, can be used to manage metabolic diseases by modulating gut microbiota. However, the effect of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP), a red algal polysaccharide, on gut microbiota has not been reported. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine effects of PYP on metabolic disorders caused by high sucrose (HS) and underlying mechanisms involved in such effects.RESULTSBiochemical analysis demonstrated that an HS diet increased triglyceride and circulating sugar contents (metabolic abnormalities) in Drosophila larvae. It also increased the relative abundance of harmful microbiota within the larvae as identified by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. PYP supplementation at 25 and 50 g kg−1 equivalently reduced metabolic abnormalities in the HS group. Therefore, 25 g kg−1 PYP was selected to investigate its effects on the metabolic pathway and gut microbiota of larvae in the HS group. The activity of PYP in ameliorating metabolic abnormalities by reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis was consistent with the expression trend of key factors involved in metabolism regulation. PYP reduced the relative abundance of bacteria causing metabolic abnormalities, such as Escherichia–Shigella and Fusobacterium, but increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and Akkermansia. However, PYP had no effect on triglyceride and circulating sugar contents in HS‐fed larvae treated with a mixture of antibiotics designed to remove gut microbiota.CONCLUSIONPYP exhibits anti‐metabolic disorder activity by modulating gut microbiota, thereby supporting the development of PYP as a functional prebiotic derived from red algae food. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Systemic therapy for gastric cancer: Perioperative strategies and beyond
Authors: Cann Christopher , Ciombor Kristen K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEach year, gastric cancer claims the lives of hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide. Despite surgical resection, the risk of residual disease, micrometastatic disease, and disease recurrence remain elevated. Herein, we review systemic therapy strategies in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings, including novel uses of immunotherapy, targeted therapies and cytotoxic chemotherapies, for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Management of early stage HER2 positive breast cancer and increased implementation of axillary imaging to improve identification of nodal metastasis
Authors: McCaffrey Rachel L , Thompson Jessica L , Oudsema Rebecca H , Sciallis Andrew P , Cobain Erin F , Sabel Michael S , Jeruss Jacqueline S 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGiven the significant benefit of targeted therapies for HER2+ breast cancer patients in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, it is critical to identify all eligible patients for these treatments. We sought to investigate cT1cN0 HER2+ patients to determine the rate of postsurgical nodal positivity, and to identify presurgical factors associated with nodal positivity. We hypothesize there is a subset of underdiagnosed HER2+ patients who would benefit from preoperative axillary imaging and inclusion in neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens.MethodsWe performed a 10‐year retrospective analysis of T1 HER2+ breast cancer patients. Clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated based on surgical nodal data.ResultsWe identified 38 patients with cT1cN0 HER2+ cancer. Of this cohort, 24% had positive lymph nodes on final pathology. High tumor grade (p = 0.035) on core needle biopsy and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.0036) were associated with an increased likelihood of lymph node positivity. The majority (66%) of lymph node positive patients were clinically T1c.ConclusionsWe identified a 24% nodal positivity rate in clinically node negative T1 HER2+ breast cancer patients. In particular, HER2+ patients with high‐grade T1c cancers should undergo preoperative diagnostic axillary imaging to expand potential benefit from targeted therapies.
Dropout from evidence‐based trauma treatment in a community mental health clinic serving victims of interpersonal violence
Authors: Ghafoori Bita , Matos Marlene , Gonçalves Mariana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTrauma‐focused psychotherapies are increasingly offered in community‐based mental health centers, but little is known about treatment dropout in these settings. The current study explored dropout at different stages of treatment in a treatment‐seeking sample of 1,186 adults who experienced interpersonal violence and were offered trauma‐focused and non–trauma‐focused therapies. A total of 31.6% of participants dropped out before treatment initiation, 28.0% dropped out after treatment initiation and completed a mean of 4.02 (SD = 2.41) sessions, and 40.4% completed a full course of PTSD treatment. Being unemployed, p < .001, and scoring lower on measures of environment factors, p = .045, were significant predictors of pretreatment dropout. Being female, p < .001; Latinx, p = .032; and scoring higher on a measure of social relationships, p = .024, were independent predictors of postinitiation dropout. Individuals who completed nine sessions of treatment displayed significantly lower levels of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The present study provides preliminary evidence that survivors of interpersonal violence who seek therapy tend to drop out early during treatment, and most who complete treatment attain symptom reduction.
Red flags useful to screen for gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases in patients with shoulder pain: A scoping review
Authors: Pennella Denis , Giagio Silvia , Maselli Filippo , Giovannico Giuseppe , Roncone Antonella , Fiorentino Fabio , Brindisino Fabrizio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn most patients, shoulder pain has a neuromusculoskeletal cause. However, it might conceal other types of disorders, hiding a non‐neuromusculoskeletal condition. The main aim of this scoping review is to map and summarise findings to identify red flags for gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases in the assessment of patients with shoulder pain.MethodsFive databases were searched up to 31 May 2021. Additional studies have been identified through grey literature, and the reference lists of the included studies have been screened. Any study design and publication type have been considered to be eligible for inclusion. No time, geographical setting and language restrictions have been applied.ResultsA total of 157 records have been identified, with 40 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (37 case reports, 2 retrospective studies and 1 systematic review with meta‐analysis). The most prevalent red flags associated with shoulder pain were abdominal pain (14 cases) and abdominal discomfort (3 cases), reported by 47% of patients. As for comorbidities, hepato‐gastric, cardiac, visceral and systemic diseases were the most common ones.ConclusionAbdominal pain, right and left hypochondriac pain, and epigastric pain represent the most prevalent symptoms in patients with an abdominal disease that could mimic a shoulder problem. Clinicians should be encouraged to screen for red flags when assessing patients with shoulder pain.
Compliant materials based on nickel oxide/chlorinated natural rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Parvathi K. , Ramesan M. T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research article focuses on the preparation of chlorinated natural rubber (Cl‐NR)/nickel oxide (NiO) nanocomposites by a simple and greener two‐roll mill mixing technique. X‐ray diffraction study of the rubber nanocomposites showed the systematic arrangement of NiO nanoparticles in the polymer indicates the improved crystallinity of the nanocomposites. The composite prepared with a nanofiller content of 5 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) exhibited the best homogenous dispersion of filler in rubber as evident from field emission scanning electron microscopy and HRTEM images. The glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was found to be increased with an increase in the concentration of nanofiller in the polymer. The flame resistance of rubber composites was significantly improved with increasing the filler content and this aids the fabrication of fire‐resistant household gadgets. The AC conductivity and dielectric behavior of composites were scrutinized with special emphasis on filler loading at various frequencies. The AC conductivity, dielectric loss and dielectric constant of the nanocomposites were higher than pure Cl‐NR. The cure time was considerably reduced with the incorporation of filler, resulting in the easy fabrication of rubber products at a cheaper rate. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, hardness, tear resistance, heat build‐up) of the nanocomposites were increased with the addition of NiO indicating its high reinforcing ability. The maximum mechanical and electrical properties were observed for 5phr NiO loaded nanocomposite and these samples can be potential candidates for the fabrication of electromagnetic induction shielding materials, conducting adhesives and flame resistant flexible electronic devices.
High‐throughput LC–MS method for the rapid characterisation and comparative analysis of multiple ingredients of four hawthorn leaf extracts
Authors: Duan Liying , Xiong Hui , Du Yilong , Wang Ziyi , Li Yanrong , Zhao Shengnan , Chen Jinmei , Si Dandan , Pan Haifeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe comprehensive component characterisation of Chinese herbal medicine is the premise of effectively driving the discovery of pharmacodynamic substances or new drugs in recent years.ObjectiveTo use the high‐throughput liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) approach to systematically characterise phytochemical compounds from four hawthorn leaf extracts, along with evaluating their classification.MethodsIn the present study, the compounds from 50% ethanol extract, macro porous resin extract, ethyl acetate extract and standard decoction of hawthorn leaves were completely analysed by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS).ResultsEight‐nine compounds were putatively identified by comparison with secondary MS data and available references. Of these compounds identified, 56 compounds were found for the first time in hawthorn leaves, which was somewhat inconsistent with the findings of other studies. It could be inferred that falconoid, organic acids and nitrogenous compounds were the most abundant in 50% ethanol extract and standard decoction extract, which were considered as better choices for extracting hawthorn leaves.ConclusionsThis work developed a simple, accurate and rapid method for the compound identification of hawthorn leaves, which laid the basis for further discovering pharmacodynamic material basis or new drugs from hawthorn leaves.
Measured power conversion efficiencies of bifacial luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic devices of the mosaic series
Authors: Aghaei Mohammadreza , Pelosi Rosie , Wong Wallace W. H. , Schmidt Timothy , Debije Michael G. , Reinders Angèle H. M. E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe optical and electrical performances of varied configurations of visually attractive mosaic cubical luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic (LSC PV) devices have been measured. These new designs of LSC PV devices consist of four cubical lightguides containing commercially available fluorophores with edge‐ and bottom‐mounted silicon solar cells. The 1 cm3 cubical component LSC PVs are made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped by dyes from 10 to 150 ppm. The lightguides are covered with bifacial silicon solar cells at their edges and/or bottom and connected in series or parallel, depending on the device configuration. In total, 19 different configurations of mosaic LSC PV devices have been experimentally evaluated in this study.
Permeability of artificial barriers (fences) for wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Mediterranean mixed landscapes
Authors: Laguna Eduardo , Barasona José A , Carpio Antonio J. , Vicente Joaquín , Acevedo Pelayo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFences are one of the most widespread manmade features in nature, constituting an artificial limitation to the movement of wildlife. To date, their effects on wildlife behavior have been understudied but this knowledge is required to design effective management procedures. Using 21 GPS‐monitored wild boar, we evaluated the permeability of different types of fences and described temporal patterns and spatial hotspots for crossing events. A fence's permeability was inferred by the crossing success, i.e., the number of times that animals crossed a barrier vs the number of times they did not cross. The vulnerability of fences at watercourses was explored by assessing whether the frequency of crossings was higher around watercourse intersections than expected by chance.RESULTSWell‐maintained big game proof fences were the most effective in reducing successful wild boar crossings; they were, on average, 30% more efficient than livestock type fences. Crossing success was higher for males than females and during the food shortage period than in the food abundance period. The frequency of crossings around watercourses was higher than expected by chance, especially in moderately and well‐maintained big game proof type fences.CONCLUSIONWhile no fence type was 100% wild boar proof, well‐maintained big game proof fences substantially constrained the movement of boar. However, they are vulnerable around watercourses. Managing the conflicts in which this species is involved, such as shared infections and agricultural damage, would require fences that are even more effective than the ones analyzed here, ideally in conjunction with other preventive actions. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Antiviral activity of plant juices and green tea against SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza virus
Authors: Eggers Maren , Jungke Peggy , Wolkinger Volker , Bauer Rudolf , Kessler Uwe , Frank Bruno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRespiratory viruses pose a significant threat to global health. They initially infect the naso‐ and oropharyngeal regions, where they amplify, cause symptoms, and may also be transmitted to new hosts. Preventing initial infection or reducing viral loads upon infection might soothe symptoms, prevent dissemination into the lower airways, or transmission to the next individual. Several natural products have well‐described direct antiviral activity or may ameliorate symptoms of respiratory infections. We thus analyzed the potential of plant‐derived products to inactivate respiratory viral pathogens and determined the antiviral activity of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpae [Michx.] Elliott), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice, as well as green tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] Kuntze) on the infectivity of the surrogate‐modified vaccinia virus Ankara, and the respiratory viruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), influenza A virus (IAV), and adenovirus Type 5. Black chokeberry and pomegranate juice, and green tea reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 and IAV titers by ≥80% or ≥99%. This suggests that oral rinsing with these products may reduce viral loads in the oral cavity which might prevent viral transmission.
Unravelling the Molecular Interaction of Pentoxifylline with Calf Thymus DNA: A Multitechnique Approach
Authors: Mallappa M. , Savanur Mohammed Azharuddin , Gowda Babu G. , Reddy M. B. Madhusudana , Mulla Sikandar I 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe drug‐DNA interaction studies provide vital insights for designing and developing effective chemotherapeutic agents used in treatment of different cancers. Thus, the interaction of potential anticancer agent pentoxifylline and calf thymus DNA was analysed by various spectroscopic and electrochemical methods under physiological condition. The absorption spectra of pentoxifylline with calf thymus DNA revealed the formation of complex by hyperchromic effect with a binding constant of 1.461 ×104 M−1. Fluorescence studies, further showed that pentoxifylline binds to calf thymus DNA and form a stable complex with a static quenching mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis further confirms that the interaction process is spontaneous with Vander Waals force or hydrogen bonding playing a major role. The electrochemical studies and circular dichroism spectra signify that pentoxifylline interacts by groove binding mode. Based on electrochemical and spectroscopic results, the mode of pentoxifylline binding to calf thymus DNA is mainly established through groove binding.
Glutaraldehyde and Glyoxal Crosslinked Polyethylenimine for Copper Ion Adsorption from Water
Authors: Swamy Azekah Yashna , Prasad Shelvin , Pan Xun , Andersson Mats R. , Gedefaw Desta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe water body can potentially be contaminated with heavy metals such as Cu2+ ions which beyond a certain concentration could impact human and animal health. In the past, different techniques have been developed to remove Cu2+ ions from water. In this study, polyethlenimine (PEI) was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and glyoxal to yield three polymers (P1‐P3). P3 consists of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a template to decrease the size of the crosslinked polymer particles. The polymer powders were used to adsorb Cu2+ from CuSO4 water solutions. The addition of 50, 100 and 150 mg of P3 removed 25, 32 and 38 mg of Cu2+, respectively, from 0.075 M (10 mL) of CuSO4 solution, after stirring at room temperature for 24 h. In comparison, P1 and P2 removed a lower amount. The better performance of P3 arises from the larger surface area of the polymer powder compared to P1 and P2 as revealed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Kinetic studies indicated that the polymers remove a larger amount of Cu2+ during the first 3 h with a slower rate of adsorption continuing until 12 h. The adsorption kinetics were fitted with Elovich and Pseudo second order models to understand the adsorption mechanism. The higher R2 (∼0.99) value of the linear plots signifies the adsorption is likely to follow a Pseudo second order kinetics, with P3 showing a rate constant of 8.43x10−5 g mg−1 min−1. The Cu2+ loaded polymers (100 mg) were soaked in 10 mL of 2 % HNO3 for 24 h for the desorption of Cu2+, where 12, 10 and 16 mg of Cu2+ desorbed from P1, P2 and P3, respectively. This indicates the polymers could potentially be reused to adsorb another batch of Cu2+ from water to maximize an economic benefit.
Photodegradation and in‐Situ SERS Monitoring Properties of Ag@AgCl Anchored on Sea Urchin‐shaped Fe3O4@C/1D PANI Nanoparticles**
Authors: Chen Qingtao , Liang Weiwei , Shi Xiangdong , Yang Maosen , Qin Xiaoyun , Jiang Liying , Jia Chunxiao , Chen Fenghua , Luo Dan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere, sea urchin‐shaped nanoparticles were first fabricated by growing one dimensional polyaniline (1D PANI) nanowire array on carbon layer encapsulated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and then Ag@AgCl photocatalyst were tightly anchored on the surface of PANI nanowire to form Fe3O4@C/1D PANI/Ag@AgCl bifunctional material as recyclable adsorption‐photocatalysts and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to monitor photocatalytic degradation of dye molecules. Compared with Fe3O4@C/1D PANI, Ag@AgCl and Fe3O4@C/PANI/Ag@AgCl catalysts, the fast electron transfer characteristics of conductive 1D PANI nanowire array and the synergistic effect between the surface plasmon resonance of Ag and the photosensitive characteristic of AgCl, enabled the prepared Fe3O4@C/1D PANI/Ag@AgCl excellent adsorption‐photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of RhB under visible‐light irradiation. PL spectra and a series of photoelectrochemical measurements were carried out to investigate the reasons for such enhanced photocatalytic activity and the possible improved photocatalytic degradation mechanism was proposed. Meanwhile, the detection of the presence of RhB and its degradation process were achieved with real‐time SERS technology employing the prepared Fe3O4@C/1D PANI/Ag@AgCl photocatalyst itself as the substrate. All the results made it great promise for simultaneously monitoring and removal of organic contaminants in water.
Introducing the Solvent Co‐Intercalation Mechanism for Hard Carbon with Ultrafast Sodium Storage
Authors: Jiang Nan , Chen Long , Jiang Hao , Hu Yanjie , Li Chunzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs the most successful anode material for sodium‐ion batteries, hard carbon has attracted extensive attention from researchers. However, its storage mechanism is still controversial. In this paper, a solvent co‐intercalation mechanism into hard carbon is proposed and is proved by in situ XRD and ex situ TEM XPS results successfully. Thanks to the co‐intercalation of solvent, the platform capacity of hard carbon maintains well at very high current densities. It can even exhibit 245 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, which is the best rate performance obtained for hard carbon anode as far as it is known. The full battery assembled with Na3V2(PO4)3 has a high energy density of 157 Wh kg−1 at 3800 W kg−1 (relative to the electrode). This finding brings new insights with regard to the design of hard carbon materials and sodium storage mechanisms.
What Teachers Need to Know and Do to Teach Letter–Sounds, Phonemic Awareness, Word Reading, and Phonics
Authors: Ehri Linnea C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA hallmark of skilled reading is recognizing written words automatically from memory by sight. How beginning readers attain this skill is explained. They must acquire foundational knowledge, including phonemic segmentation, grapheme–phoneme knowledge, decoding, and spelling skills. When these skills are applied, spellings of words become bonded to pronunciations and meanings and stored in memory. Suggestions for teaching these skills are offered. These include picture mnemonics to teach letters, articulation to teach phonemic segmentation, and sound streaming to teach decoding. It is important to teach decoding with grapheme–phoneme subunits rather than syllabic units. It is important to read words in text to bond meanings to spellings in memory. It is important for beginners to read words in text aloud rather than silently. Showing students spellings of new vocabulary words when they are taught improves their memory for the words. Students progress through four alphabetic phases in acquiring these skills. Systematic phonics instruction facilitates movement through the phases.