bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Million-Q integrated Fabry-Perot cavity using ultralow-loss multimode retroreflectors
Authors: Xu Hongnan , Qin Yue , Hu Gaolei , Tsang Hon Ki 
Published: September 2022

The monolithic integration of Fabry-Perot cavities has many applications, such as label-free sensing, high-finesse filters, semiconductor lasers, and frequency comb generation. However, the excess loss of integrated reflectors makes it challenging to realize integrated Fabry-Perot cavities working in the ultrahigh-

Q

regime (

>

10

6

). Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate what we believe is the first silicon integrated million-

Q

Fabry-Perot cavity. Inspired by free-space optics, a novel monolithically integrated retroreflector is utilized to obtain near-unity reflectance and negligible reflection losses. The corner scattering in the retroreflector is prevented by the use of the

TE

1

mode, taking advantage of its zero central field intensity. Losses incurred by other mechanisms are also meticulously engineered. The measurement results show resonances with an ultrahigh intrinsic

Q

factor of

≈
3.4
×

10

6

spanning an 80-nm bandwidth. The measured loaded

Q

factor is

≈
2.1
×

10

6

. Ultralow reflection losses (

≈
0.05

dB

) and propagation losses (

≈
0.18

dB/
cm

) are experimentally realized.
Prognostic variables and 4-year survival outcomes in CD20 Positive AIDS-Related Lymphoma in the Anti-retroviral treatment era: A Retrospective Review from a Single Centre in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Rapiti Nadine , Abdelatif Nada , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus S. 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To describe 4-year survival outcomes and assess the value of established and additional relevant variables to predict complete response (CR), four-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of CD20 positive AIDS-Related Lymphoma (ARL) treated with standard combination chemotherapy.

Method
We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with CD20 positive ARL between 2006 and 2016. All patients over 12 years of age who received at least one cycle of combination chemotherapy with curative intent were included in the analysis. Variables assessed included the International Prognostic Index (IPI), age-adjusted-IPI, age, gender, B symptoms, extent of disease, functional performance status, CD4 cell count, viral load, concurrent ART with chemotherapy, rituximab inclusion, and number of chemotherapy cycles used. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for OS and PFS at 4 years were compared for IPI and aaIPI using the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the effects of prognostic variables for patients achieving OS and PFS at 4 years and logistic regression for patients achieving CR.

Results
A total of 102 patients were included in the analysis. At year four of follow-up, the OS was 50% (n = 51) and PFS was 43% (n = 44). Attaining a CR and male gender were significantly associated with improved 4-year OS (p<0.001 and p = 0.028 respectively) and PFS (p<0.001 and 0.048 respectively). A viral load of < 50 copies/ml was associated with a higher complete response rate (aOR 6.10 [95% CI 1.15, 24.04], p = 0.01). Six or more cycles of chemotherapy was superior to fewer cycles for both PFS (aHR 0.17 [95% CI 0.10, 0.29]) and OS (aHR 0.12 [95% CI 0.07, 0.22]) with p-value < 0.001 for both PFS and OS. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates demonstrated the prognostic utility of the IPI and aaIP for OS (p = 0.002 and 0.030 respectively) and the IPI for PFS (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
This study is a first from a high prevalence HIV area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and confirms the utility of the internationally accepted prognostic scoring systems in predicting survival in CD20 positive ARL in the local population.
Phase 3 evaluation of an innovative simple molecular test for the diagnosis of malaria in different endemic and health settings in sub-Saharan Africa (DIAGMAL)
Authors: Kiemde Francois , Tinto Halidou , Carter Jane , Rouamba Toussaint , Valia Daniel , Conteh Lesong , Sicuri Elisa , Simmons Bryony , Nour Bakri , Mumbengegwi Davis , Hailu Asrat , Munene Stephen , Talha Albadawi , Aemero Mulugeta , Meakin Paul , Paulussen René , Page Scott , Dijk Norbert van , Mens Petra , Schallig Henk 
Published: September 2022

Background
Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have become the cornerstone for the management of malaria in many endemic settings, but their use is constrained for several reasons: (i) persistent malaria antigen (histidine-rich protein 2; HRP2) leading to false positive test results; (ii) hrp2 deletions leading to false negative PfHRP2 results; and (iii) limited sensitivity with a detection threshold of around 100 parasites/μl blood (pLDH- and HRP2-based) leading to false negative tests. Microscopy is still the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, and allows for species determination and quantitation, but requires trained microscopists, maintained microscopes and has detection limit issues. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop and evaluate more sensitive and accurate diagnostic tests. To address this need we have developed a direct on blood mini PCR-NALFIA test that combines the benefits of molecular biology with low infrastructural requirements and extensive training.

Methods
This is a Phase 3 diagnostic evaluation in 5 African countries. Study sites (Sudan, Ethiopia, Burkina, Kenya and Namibia) were selected to ensure wide geographical coverage of Africa and to address various malaria epidemiological contexts ranging from high transmission to near elimination settings with different clinical scenarios and diagnostic challenges. Study participants will be enrolled at the study health facilities after obtaining written informed consent. Diagnostic accuracy will be assessed following the WHO/TDR guidelines for the evaluation of diagnostics and reported according to STARD principles. Due to the lack of a 100% specific and sensitive standard diagnostic test for malaria, the sensitivity and specificity of the new test will be compared to the available diagnostic practices in place at the selected sites and to quantitative PCR as the reference test.

Discussion
This phase 3 study is designed to validate the clinical performance and feasibility of implementing a new diagnostic tool for the detection of malaria in real clinical settings. If successful, the proposed technology will improve the diagnosis of malaria. Enrolment started in November 2022 (Kenya) with assessment of long term outcome to be completed by 2023 at all recruitment sites.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org) PACTR202202766889963 on 01/02/2022 and ISCRTN (www.isrctn.com/) ISRCTN13334317 on 22/02/2022.
AICAR attenuates postoperative abdominal adhesion formation by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting mesothelial cell repair
Authors: Wu Yunhua , Duan Xianglong , Gao Zengzhan , Yang Ni , Xue Fei 
Published: September 2022

Background
Postoperative abdominal adhesion is one of most common complications after abdominal operations. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) is an adenosine 5’-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway agonist that inhibits inflammation, reduces cell fibrosis and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury, promotes autophagy and mitochondrial function. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of AICAR in inhibiting adhesion formation.

Materials and methods
Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups. All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model. The rats in the sodium hyaluronate group were treated with 2 mL sodium hyaluronate before closing the peritoneal cavity. The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively. Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair’s system. Inflammation was assessed by Eosin-hematoxylin (HE) staining and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) detection. Oxidative stress effect was determined by ROS, nitric oxide (NO) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in adhesion tissue. Then, Sirius red picric acid staining was used to detect the fiber thickness. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was also performed. Finally, HMrSV5 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and AICAR, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin was assessed by q-PCR and cellular immunofluorescent staining.

Results
The rats in the AICAR-treated group had fewer adhesion formation incidences and a reduced Nair’s score. The inflammation was determined by HE staining and TGF-β1 concentration. The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control. However, the NO production, Nrf2 levels and peritoneal mesothelial cell integrity were promoted after AICAR treatments. In vitro work, AICAR treatments reduced E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin mRNA level compared to that in the TGF-β1 group.

Conclusion
AICAR can inhibit postoperative adhesion formation by reducing inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress response and promoting peritoneal mesothelial cell repair.
Effects of mobile Health (mHealth) application on cervical cancer prevention knowledge and screening among women social support groups with low-socioeconomic status in Mysuru city, Southern India
Authors: Hombaiah Chandana , Madhu B. , Gopi Arun , Narayana Murthy M. R. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Cervical cancer is an important area of action because of the mortality and morbidity of the disease, and the potential for effective prevention by screening. Involving the social support groups by health education improves cervical cancer screening and early detection of the disease in the community. In the ongoing efforts to strengthen cervical cancer prevention, control, and management, digital health and technology will have a significant role to play.

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of the mHealth-based intervention on cervical cancer preparedness among women social support groups.

Materials & methods
A pre-post interventional study was conducted among women social support groups from lower socio-economic status, identified from the field practice area. Purposive sampling technique was employed. A Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM) instrument was used to assess the cancer preparedness among the social support group women After taking inputs from the stakeholders’ mobile health application was developed. The mHealth educational intervention was given to 102 women. Both pre-and post-test questionnaires were administered through mHealth application to assess the change in knowledge after a gap of 1 month to 2 months. The data obtained was coded and entered into Microsoft Excel worksheet 2016 and was later imported and analyzed using SPSS version 22 (licensed to the Institute). The difference in median scores of knowledge and practice were interpreted as statistically significant at p value of < 0.05.

Results & conclusion
Before the intervention only 13 (12.7%) of them had heard about cervical cancer. There was a significant increase in the knowledge about warning signs & symptoms, risk factors of cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination. Around 5% increase in Pap smear test uptake.
Experiencing illness as a crisis by the caregivers of individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Kowal Katarzyna , Skrzypek Michał , Kocki Janusz 
Published: September 2022

Background
The behavioural phenotype of Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) implies a specific emotional and social-interactive burden for the caregivers of the individuals with PWS. The aim of the study was to perform an in-depth exploratory analysis of experiences of the familial caregivers of individuals with PWS.

Method
The study was carried out using a sociological methodology of the grounded theory (qualitative research). A purposively selected sample of 20 familial caregivers of children/adults with PWS was invited to take part in individual, semi-structured in-depth interviews which included questions pertaining to coping with problems arising from the condition, including its impact on social interactions, as well as to the meanings of PWS.

Results
The core category emerging from our analysis emphasized “experiencing PWS as a crisis”. The phases in the process of experiencing PWS were specified, each of which is characterised by specific cognitive, emotional and social problems, implying relevant requirements in the care of individuals with PWS. I. Crisis in response to the diagnosis; II. Crisis in response to lack of control over the hunger of individuals with PWS; III. Crisis in response to the social milieu’s failure to understand the nature of the condition; IV. Crisis in response to attempts to plan the future of individuals with PWS. The specificity of the PWS caregiver’s experience is primarily determined by the need to reconstruct the entire family’s lifestyle. The experiences of caregivers of PWS persons, at the time when they were available for study, had the characteristics of crisis. Moreover the psychosocial consequences of PWS were not subject to normalization and attempts to attribute any meaningful existential sense to the PWS were ineffective in the time period under scrutiny.

Conclusions
Identifying phases of the PWS experience process from the perspective of the caregivers of individuals with PWS may be used to profile interventions supporting PWS individuals’ families in a manner corresponding to the flow of the illness experience.
Vortex vein congestion in the monkey eye: A possible animal model of pachychoroid
Authors: Matsumoto Hidetaka , Mukai Ryo , Saito Kazuma , Hoshino Junki , Kishi Shoji , Akiyama Hideo 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To create vortex vein congestion in the monkey eye as a possible pachychoroid model.

Methods
We ligated superotemporal and inferotemporal vortex veins at the surface of the sclera in monkey eyes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed before and 2, 7, and 28 days after the vortex vein ligations to investigate changes in vortex vein morphology and alterations in choroidal blood flow.

Results
Before the vortex vein ligations, en face OCT and ICGA images showed well organized vortex veins as well as horizontal and vertical watershed zones. Two days after the vortex vein ligations, dilatation of the superotemporal and inferotemporal vortex veins as well as intervortex venous anastomoses were seen on en face OCT and ICGA images. B-mode OCT images showed choroidal thickening associated with dilatation of the outer choroidal vessels. Moreover, video ICGA revealed choriocapillaris filling delay and pulsatile flow in the dilated vortex veins. At 7 and 28 days after we ligated the vortex veins, these findings were reduced, except for the intervortex venous anastomoses.

Conclusions
We created a monkey model of vortex vein congestion by ligating two vortex veins. This animal model demonstrated pachychoroid-related findings, indicating that vortex vein congestion is involved in the pathogenesis of pachychoroid. However, remodeling of the choroidal drainage route via intervortex venous anastomosis appeared to compensate for the vortex vein congestion created in this model.
Neuroendocrine Tumor Diagnosed Through Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy of a Lung Mass
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed , McDonald Nicholas , Hanson Brian , Suryawanshi Gaurav , Bilal Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is an excellent modality for tissue acquisition and has been shown to be superior to EUS-fine-needle aspiration in several studies. Although tissue sampling of lung nodules using EUS-fine-needle aspiration has been reported in the literature, the use of EUS-FNB for tissue acquisition of parenchymal lung mass has rarely been reported in the literature. Our report highlights that EUS-FNB is safe and effective for lung lesions that are near the esophageal wall.
DECREASED GUT MICROBIOME TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM AND SEROTONERGIC SIGNALING IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT MENTAL HEALTH AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS AFTER COVID-19
Authors: Blackett John W. , Sun Yiwei , Purpura Lawrence , Margolis Kara Gross , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , O’Byrne Sheila , Wainberg Milton , Abrams Julian A. , Wang Harris H. , Chang Lin , Freedberg Daniel E. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
An estimated 15%-29% of patients report new gastrointestinal symptoms after COVID-19 while 4% -31% report new depressive symptoms. These symptoms may be secondary to gut microbiome tryptophan metabolism and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-based signaling.

METHODS:
This study utilized specimens from 2 patient cohorts: (1) fecal samples from patients with acute COVID-19 who participated in a randomized controlled trial testing prebiotic fiber; and (2) blood samples from patients with acute COVID-19. Six months after recovering from COVID-19, both cohorts answered questions related to gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety or depression. Microbiome composition and function, focusing on tryptophan metabolism-associated pathways, and plasma 5-HT were assessed.

RESULTS:
In the first cohort (n=13), gut microbiome L-tryptophan biosynthesis during acute COVID-19 was decreased among those who developed more severe gastrointestinal symptoms (2.0-fold lower log activity comparing those with the most severe gastrointestinal symptoms versus those with no symptoms, P=0.06). All tryptophan pathways showed decreased activity among those with more GI symptoms. The same pathways were also decreased in those with the most severe mental health symptoms after COVID-19. In an untargeted analysis, 5 additional metabolic pathways significantly differed based on subsequent development of gastrointestinal symptoms. In the second cohort (n=39,), plasma 5-HT concentration at the time of COVID-19 was increased 5.1-fold in those with gastrointestinal symptoms alone compared to those with mental health symptoms alone (P=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Acute gut microbiome-mediated reduction in 5-HT signaling may contribute to long-term gastrointestinal and mental health symptoms after COVID-19. Future studies should explore modification of 5-HT signaling to reduce post-COVID symptoms.
Decrease in serum asprosin levels following six weeks of spinning and stationary cycling training in overweight women
Authors: Nakhaei Hossein , Nayebifar Shila , Fanaei Hamed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesSecreted by white adipose tissue, asprosin is a newly recognized adipokine whose physiological function is not well comprehended. This study intended to determine the effect of spinning and stationary cycling on serum asprosin levels in overweight women.MethodsForty-five overweight women with BMI>25 kg/m2in the age range of 30–40 years were assigned randomly to three groups of 15 participants: control, spinning (group cycling with music), and stationary bike (individual pedaling on a stationary bike). The participants performed the exercises three sessions per week for six weeks. Lipid profile and asprosin levels were measured by enzymatic and ELISA methods, respectively. Moreover, the paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed to make within-group and between-group comparisons, respectively.ResultsThe stationary cycling and spinning exercise groups experienced significant reductions in weight, BMI, serum triglyceride, and asprosin levels from the pretest to the posttest. The control group showed no statistically significant differences. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein only declined in the spinning group. In this regard, neither the control group nor the stationary bicycle exhibited no significant change over time. The spinning group demonstrated a significant rise in high-density lipoprotein levels, which was not observed in the control group. In addition, there was no significant difference in WHR index between the intervention groups.ConclusionsBy lowering the serum asprosin level, a spinning exercise program appears to be effective in reducing disorders linked to metabolic diseases in overweight women.
Advances in digital pottery analysis
Authors: Karl Stephan , Houska Peter , Lengauer Stefan , Haring Jessica , Trinkl Elisabeth , Preiner Reinhold 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRapid progress in digitisation and computer techniques have enabled noteworthy new pottery analysis applications in recent decades. We focus on analytical techniques directed specifically at archaeological pottery research in this survey and review the specific benefits these have brought in the field. We consider techniques based on heterogeneous sources such as drawings, photographs, 3D scans and CT volume data. The various approaches and methods are structured according to the main steps in pottery processing in archaeology: documentation, classification and retrieval. Within these categories we review the most relevant papers and identify their advantages and limitations. We evaluate both freely and commercially available analysis tools and databases. Finally, we discuss open problems and future challenges in the field of pottery analysis.
Cross transferability of barley nuclear SSRs to pearl millet genome provides new molecular tools for genetic analyses and marker assisted selection
Authors: Ben Romdhane Mériam , Riahi Leila , Yazidi Raghda , Mliki Ahmed , Zoghlami Nejia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br.) is a valuable agronomic and industrial promising crop with high adaptation potentials considered as understudied species and is not attributed the interest it deserves. This investigation reports for the first time the transferability of barley nuclear microsatellites to pearl millet genome. This allowed the inference of the considerable potential of transferability of the nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs) mapped fromHordeum vulgareL. genome toP. glaucumspecies. Out of the 42 tested SSRs, ten were found to be transferable, giving a transferability rate of 23.8%. These latter markers enabled the molecular characterization of the nine barley and nine pearl millet autochthonous landraces and revealed high levels of polymorphism and discriminatory powers. All the microsatellites were proved to be highly informative with an average polymorphic information content value of 0.74. The gene diversity index revealed a high level of diversity encompassed in both germplams with a meanHevalue of 0.80. At the species level, comparable amounts of genetic variability were detected forH. vulgareandP. glaucumlandraces. Furthermore, the set of ten transferable nSSRs exhibited high ability in revealing the genetic structure, differentiation and phylogenetic relationships among the studied germplasms. The new available nSSRs present an additional informative and discriminant set of molecular markers which will be useful in further genetic studies concerning the multipurpose speciesP. glaucumL. such as molecular fingerprinting, genetic purity assessment, genome mapping, marker-assisted breeding and conservation programs.