bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meteorological Controls on Reversible Resonance Changes in Natural Rock Arches
Authors: Geimer Paul R. , Finnegan Riley , Moore Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContinuous ambient seismic monitoring is becoming common for structural health assessment of geologic features. However, the ability to detect or predict permanent mechanical change associated with damage requires detailed understanding of reversible drifts in resonance attributes associated with changing meteorological conditions. Here, we analyze the response of 17 sandstone rock arches to changing meteorological conditions during extended vibration‐based monitoring, with a focus on 1 arch in Utah which was continuously monitored for 15 months. Our results show that variations in resonance are correlated with temperature on daily and yearly time scales, but that the temperature sensitivity of frequency changes are variable at different sites and resonance modes, generally ranging from 0.5% to 6% per 10°C. Numerical modeling suggests the primary mechanism governing these frequency drifts is stress stiffening, where confined thermal dilation induces bulk stress changes in the low‐stress, nonlinear elastic regime via fracture closure. Secondary mechanisms affecting resonance attributes are driven by moisture, including formation of shallow pore ice, which can generate sharp frequency changes of up to 17% per −10°C, and moisture‐induced softening. Daily lag times of several hours between temperature and frequency extrema provide constraints on the rock volumes affected by these mechanisms, indicating modal attributes are sensitive to thermally driven changes occurring in the outermost centimeters of the structure. Through improved understanding of the reversible variations of rock mass resonance, our results aid future assessment of irreversible frequency changes associated with damage, and thus structural health monitoring of fragile geologic features.
North American Glaciations and Pacific Inputs in the Nd and Sr Isotope Pleistocene Record From the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Muratli Jesse M. , Polyak Leonid , Haley Brian A. , Kuznetsov Anton 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnduring questions remain regarding the transition from relatively warm and stable pre‐ and early‐Pleistocene climate to that of the high amplitude glacial‐interglacial cycles later in the Quaternary. The main shift in glacial intensity and periodicity around 1 Ma is known as the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Here we analyze detrital strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotopes in a western Arctic sediment core P23 previously investigated using several litho/biostratigraphic proxies. Based on an improved age framework combining lithostratigraphic cyclicity and Sr isotope stratigraphy, the P23 record extends to ∼3.3 Ma, thus providing a rare insight into the Quaternary Arctic climate change. The distinct pre‐MPT P23 record is dominated by Pacific‐sourced sediment inputs, with little to no intra‐Arctic glacial inputs, except for a sandy interval around ∼2.5 Ma. A consistent decrease of Nd isotopic values toward North American continental signatures started in both the Arctic and Bering Sea at ∼1.5 Ma and led to a major threshold shift in P23 proxies at ∼0.9 Ma. We argue that this threshold was associated with the first prolonged closure of the Bering Strait for an entire obliquity cycle. This shift marked the expansion of the North American ice sheets to the Arctic margin, with dramatic impacts on depositional and hydrographic environments in the Arctic Ocean. These impacts intensified in the subsequent glacial intervals indicating further ice‐sheet growth, probably fed back by continuing prolonged Bering Strait closures.
An Integrated Structural and Magnetic Fabric Study to Constrain the Progressive Extensional Tectonics of the Rio do Peixe Basin, Brazil
Authors: Nicchio M. A. , Balsamo F. , Cifelli F. , Nogueira F. C. C. , Aldega L. , Bezerra F. H. R. , Vasconcelos D. L. , Souza J. A. B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe constrained the tectonic evolution of the intracratonic Cretaceous Rio do Peixe Basin (RPB) in NE Brazil, combining structural and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) data. We analyzed the structural features of four sites along two major faults bordering the basin, the NE‐striking Portalegre Fault and the E‐W‐striking Malta Fault. AMS data from 42 sites in the syn‐rift sandstone suggest two stretching directions driving the opening of the RPB. The early syn‐rift phase I resulted from N‐S to NNE‐SSW stretching direction with vertical σ1, producing normal fault displacement along the E‐W‐striking Malta Fault and right‐lateral transtension along the NE‐striking Portalegre Fault, Sítio Saguí and Lagoa do Forno faults. The syn‐rift phase II resulted from NW‐SE stretching direction with vertical σ1, causing normal displacement on NE‐striking major faults and left‐lateral transtension on E‐W‐striking major faults. Additionally, the NW‐SE extension was responsible for forming NE‐striking extensional faults and deformation bands in sedimentary units. The RPB developed due to the intraplate deformation of the Borborema Province during the early stage of the Pangea Breakup and recorded two stretching directions that gradually shifted from NNE‐SSW to NW‐SE as a consequence of the South America clockwise rotation. The extensional stress orthogonal to the main E‐W‐striking and NE‐striking Precambrian shear zones facilitated the opening and evolution of the RPB.
Shared brain and genetic architectures between mental health and physical activity
Authors: Zhang Wei , Paul Sarah E. , Winkler Anderson , Bogdan Ryan , Bijsterbosch Janine D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhysical activity is correlated with, and effectively treats various forms of psychopathology. However, whether biological correlates of physical activity and psychopathology are shared remains unclear. Here, we examined the extent to which the neural and genetic architecture of physical activity and mental health are shared. Using data from the UK Biobank (N = 6389), we applied canonical correlation analysis to estimate associations between the amplitude and connectivity strength of subnetworks of three major neurocognitive networks (default mode, DMN; salience, SN; central executive networks, CEN) with accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity and self-reported mental health measures (primarily of depression, anxiety disorders, neuroticism, subjective well-being, and risk-taking behaviors). We estimated the genetic correlation between mental health and physical activity measures, as well as putative causal relationships by applying linkage disequilibrium score regression, genomic structural equational modeling, and latent causal variable analysis to genome-wide association summary statistics (GWAS N = 91,105–500,199). Physical activity and mental health were associated with connectivity strength and amplitude of the DMN, SN, and CEN (r’s ≥ 0.12, p’s < 0.048). These neural correlates exhibited highly similar loading patterns across mental health and physical activity models even when accounting for their shared variance. This suggests a largely shared brain network architecture between mental health and physical activity. Mental health and physical activity (including sleep) were also genetically correlated (|rg| = 0.085–0.121), but we found no evidence for causal relationships between them. Collectively, our findings provide empirical evidence that mental health and physical activity have shared brain and genetic architectures and suggest potential candidate subnetworks for future studies on brain mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of physical activity on mental health.
PD-L1 induction via the MEK-JNK-AP1 axis by a neddylation inhibitor promotes cancer-associated immunosuppression
Authors: Zhang Shizhen , You Xiahong , Xu Tiantian , Chen Qian , Li Hua , Dou Longyu , Sun Yilun , Xiong Xiufang , Meredith Morgan A. , Sun Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMLN4924 is a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), which is currently in several clinical trials for anti-cancer applications. However, MLN4924 also showed some off-target effects with potential to promote the growth of cancer cells which counteracts its anticancer activity. In this study, we found that MLN4924 increases the levels of PD-L1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners. Mechanistic study showed that this MLN4924 effect is largely independent of neddylation inactivation, but is due to activation of both ERK and JNK signals, leading to AP-1 activation, which is blocked by the small molecule inhibitors of MEK and JNK, respectively. Biologically, MLN4924 attenuates T cell killing in a co-culture model due to PD-L1 upregulation, which can be, at least in part, abrogated by either MEK inhibitor or anti-PD-L1 antibody. In an in vivo BALB/c mouse xenograft tumor model, while MLN4924 alone had no effect, combination with either MEK inhibitor or anti-PD-L1 antibody enhanced the suppression of tumor growth. Taken together, our study provides a sound rationale for effective anticancer therapy in combination of anti-PD-L1 antibody or MEK inhibitor with MLN4924 to overcome the side-effect of immunosuppression by MLN4924 via PD-L1 induction.
IgG-like bispecific antibodies with potent and synergistic neutralization against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Chang Matthew R. , Tomasovic Luke , Kuzmina Natalia A. , Ronk Adam J. , Byrne Patrick O. , Johnson Rebecca , Storm Nadia , Olmedillas Eduardo , Hou Yixuan J. , Schäfer Alexandra , Leist Sarah R. , Tse Longping V. , Ke Hanzhong , Coherd Christian , Nguyen Katrina , Kamkaew Maliwan , Honko Anna , Zhu Quan , Alter Galit , Saphire Erica Ollmann , McLellan Jason S. , Griffiths Anthony , Baric Ralph S. , Bukreyev Alexander , Marasco Wayne A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies are a promising approach to treat COVID-19, however the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has challenged the efficacy and future of these therapies. Antibody cocktails are being employed to mitigate these challenges, but neutralization escape remains a major challenge and alternative strategies are needed. Here we present two anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibodies, one Class 1 and one Class 4, selected from our non-immune human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage library, that are engineered into four, fully-human IgG-like bispecific antibodies (BsAb). Prophylaxis of hACE2 mice and post-infection treatment of golden hamsters demonstrates the efficacy of the monospecific antibodies against the original Wuhan strain, while promising in vitro results with the BsAbs demonstrate enhanced binding and distinct synergistic effects on neutralizing activity against circulating variants of concern. In particular, one BsAb engineered in a tandem scFv-Fc configuration shows synergistic neutralization activity against several variants of concern including B.1.617.2. This work provides evidence that synergistic neutralization can be achieved using a BsAb scaffold, and serves as a foundation for the future development of broadly reactive BsAbs against emerging variants of concern.
Immunogenicity decay and case incidence six months post Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine in autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients
Authors: Silva Clovis A. , Medeiros-Ribeiro Ana C. , Kupa Leonard V. K. , Yuki Emily F. N. , Pasoto Sandra G. , Saad Carla G. S. , Fusco Solange R. G. , Pereira Rosa M. R. , Shinjo Samuel K. , Halpern Ari S. R. , Borba Eduardo F. , Souza Fernando H. C. , Guedes Lissiane K. N. , Miossi Renata , Bonfiglioli Karina R. , Domiciano Diogo S. , Shimabuco Andrea Y. , Andrade Danieli C. O. , Seguro Luciana P. C. , Fuller Ricardo , Sampaio-Barros Percival D. , Assad Ana P. L. , Moraes Julio C. B. , Goldenstein-Schainberg Claudia , Giardini Henrique A. M. , Silva Henrique C. , Martins Victor A. O. , Villamarin Lorena E. B. , Novellino Renata S. , Sales Lucas P. , Araújo Carlo S. R. , Silva Matheus S. R. , Filho Dilson M. N. , Lopes Marta H. , Duarte Alberto J. S. , Kallas Esper G. , Aikawa Nadia E. , Bonfa Eloisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe determination of durability and vaccine-associated protection is essential for booster doses strategies, however data on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 immunity are scarce. Here we assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity decay and incident cases six months after the 2nd dose of Sinovac-CoronaVac inactivated vaccine (D210) in 828 autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients compared with 207 age/sex-balanced control individuals. The primary outcome is the presence of anti-S1/S2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG at 6 months compared to 6 weeks after 2nd vaccine dose for decay evaluation. Secondary outcomes are presence of neutralizing antibodies, percent inhibition by neutralizing, geometric mean titers and cumulative incident cases at 6 months after 2nd dose. Anti-S1/S2 IgG positivity and titers reduce to 23.8% and 38% in patients (p < 0.001) during the six-month follow up and 20% and 51% in controls (p < 0.001), respectively. Neutralizing antibodies positivity and percent inhibition declines 41% and 54% in patients (p < 0.001) and 39.7% and 47% in controls (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis show males (OR = 0.56;95% CI0.40-0.79), prednisone (OR = 0.56; 95% CI0.41-0.76), anti-TNF (OR = 0.66;95% CI0.45-0.96), abatacept (OR = 0.29; 95% CI0.15-0.56) and rituximab (OR = 0.32;95% CI0.11-0.90) associate with a substantial reduction in IgG response at day 210 in patients. Although cellular immunity was not assessed, a decrease of COVID-19 cases (from 27.5 to 8.1/100 person-years; p < 0.001) is observed despite the concomitant emergence and spread of the Delta variant. Altogether we show a reduction in immunity 6-months of Sinovac-CoronaVac 2nd dose, particularly in males and those under immunosuppressives therapies, without a concomitant rise in COVID-19 cases. (CoronavRheum clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04754698).
Linking the scaling of tremor and slow slip near Parkfield, CA
Authors: Huang Hui , Hawthorne Jessica C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere has been much debate about the fault zone processes that generate slow earthquakes, including tremor and slow slip. Indeed, we still debate whether tremor and slow slip are generated by the same process operating at different scales or by two distinct processes. Here we investigate tremor scaling near Parkfield, California; we examine how rupture duration scales with moment. We thoroughly search for and detect the low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that constitute tremor and robustly estimate their durations. Our results show varying durations (0.1–0.6 s) and spectra for LFEs at the same location. These variations confirm a common assumption, that LFEs’ observed low frequency contents are due to source processes, not path effects. The LFEs’ amplitude and spectra variations are consistent with a linear moment-duration scaling: the same scaling observed among slow slip events. The similar scaling suggests that tremor and slow slip events are governed by the same fault zone process and that when we attempt to identify the process creating slow earthquakes, we should focus on processes which allow higher slip rates on smaller faults.
Complex spatio-temporal structure of the Holocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Cartapanis Olivier , Jonkers Lukas , Moffa-Sanchez Paola , Jaccard Samuel L. , de Vernal Anne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInconsistencies between Holocene climate reconstructions and numerical model simulations question the robustness of climate models and proxy temperature records. Climate reconstructions suggest an early-middle Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) followed by gradual cooling, whereas climate models indicate continuous warming. This discrepancy either implies seasonal biases in proxy-based climate reconstructions, or that the climate model sensitivity to forcings and feedbacks needs to be reevaluated. Here, we analyze a global database of Holocene paleotemperature records to investigate the spatiotemporal structure of the HTM. Continental proxy records at mid and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere portray a “classic” HTM (8–4 ka). In contrast, marine proxy records from the same latitudes reveal an earlier HTM (11–7ka), while a clear temperature anomaly is missing in the tropics. The results indicate a heterogeneous response to climate forcing and highlight the lack of globally synchronous HTM.
Ultrathin crystalline-silicon-based strain gauges with deep learning algorithms for silent speech interfaces
Authors: Kim Taemin , Shin Yejee , Kang Kyowon , Kim Kiho , Kim Gwanho , Byeon Yunsu , Kim Hwayeon , Gao Yuyan , Lee Jeong Ryong , Son Geonhui , Kim Taeseong , Jun Yohan , Kim Jihyun , Lee Jinyoung , Um Seyun , Kwon Yoohwan , Son Byung Gwan , Cho Myeongki , Sang Mingyu , Shin Jongwoon , Kim Kyubeen , Suh Jungmin , Choi Heekyeong , Hong Seokjun , Cheng Huanyu , Kang Hong-Goo , Hwang Dosik , Yu Ki Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA wearable silent speech interface (SSI) is a promising platform that enables verbal communication without vocalization. The most widely studied methodology for SSI focuses on surface electromyography (sEMG). However, sEMG suffers from low scalability because of signal quality-related issues, including signal-to-noise ratio and interelectrode interference. Hence, here, we present a novel SSI by utilizing crystalline-silicon-based strain sensors combined with a 3D convolutional deep learning algorithm. Two perpendicularly placed strain gauges with minimized cell dimension (<0.1 mm2) could effectively capture the biaxial strain information with high reliability. We attached four strain sensors near the subject’s mouths and collected strain data of unprecedently large wordsets (100 words), which our SSI can classify at a high accuracy rate (87.53%). Several analysis methods were demonstrated to verify the system’s reliability, as well as the performance comparison with another SSI using sEMG electrodes with the same dimension, which exhibited a relatively low accuracy rate (42.60%).
Molecular asymmetry of a photosynthetic supercomplex from green sulfur bacteria
Authors: Puskar Ryan , Du Truong Chloe , Swain Kyle , Chowdhury Saborni , Chan Ka-Yi , Li Shan , Cheng Kai-Wen , Wang Ting Yu , Poh Yu-Ping , Mazor Yuval , Liu Haijun , Chou Tsui-Fen , Nannenga Brent L. , Chiu Po-Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe photochemical reaction center (RC) features a dimeric architecture for charge separation across the membrane. In green sulfur bacteria (GSB), the trimeric Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex mediates the transfer of light energy from the chlorosome antenna complex to the RC. Here we determine the structure of the photosynthetic supercomplex from the GSB Chlorobaculum tepidum using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and identify the cytochrome c subunit (PscC), two accessory protein subunits (PscE and PscF), a second FMO trimeric complex, and a linker pigment between FMO and the RC core. The protein subunits that are assembled with the symmetric RC core generate an asymmetric photosynthetic supercomplex. One linker bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) is located in one of the two FMO-PscA interfaces, leading to differential efficiencies of the two energy transfer branches. The two FMO trimeric complexes establish two different binding interfaces with the RC cytoplasmic surface, driven by the associated accessory subunits. This structure of the GSB photosynthetic supercomplex provides mechanistic insight into the light excitation energy transfer routes and a possible evolutionary transition intermediate of the bacterial photosynthetic supercomplex from the primitive homodimeric RC.
Tissue-specific impacts of aging and genetics on gene expression patterns in humans
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Chung Ryan , Vazquez Juan Manuel , Sheng Huanjie , Steinberg Philippa L. , Ioannidis Nilah M. , Sudmant Peter H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAge is the primary risk factor for many common human diseases. Here, we quantify the relative contributions of genetics and aging to gene expression patterns across 27 tissues from 948 humans. We show that the predictive power of expression quantitative trait loci is impacted by age in many tissues. Jointly modelling the contributions of age and genetics to transcript level variation we find expression heritability (h2) is consistent among tissues while the contribution of aging varies by >20-fold with $${R}_{{{{{{{{\rm{age}}}}}}}}}^{2} \; > \;{h}^{2}$$

R

age

2

>

h

2

in 5 tissues. We find that while the force of purifying selection is stronger on genes expressed early versus late in life (Medawar’s hypothesis), several highly proliferative tissues exhibit the opposite pattern. These non-Medawarian tissues exhibit high rates of cancer and age-of-expression-associated somatic mutations. In contrast, genes under genetic control are under relaxed constraint. Together, we demonstrate the distinct roles of aging and genetics on expression phenotypes.
Coupling of nanocrystal hexagonal array and two-dimensional metastable substrate boosts H2-production
Authors: Fan Zhenglong , Liao Fan , Ji Yujin , Liu Yang , Huang Hui , Wang Dan , Yin Kui , Yang Haiwei , Ma Mengjie , Zhu Wenxiang , Wang Meng , Kang Zhenhui , Li Youyong , Shao Mingwang , Hu Zhiwei , Shao Qi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDesigning well-ordered nanocrystal arrays with subnanometre distances can provide promising materials for future nanoscale applications. However, the fabrication of aligned arrays with controllable accuracy in the subnanometre range with conventional lithography, template or self-assembly strategies faces many challenges. Here, we report a two-dimensional layered metastable oxide, trigonal phase rhodium oxide (space group, P-3m1 (164)), which provides a platform from which to construct well-ordered face-centred cubic rhodium nanocrystal arrays in a hexagonal pattern with an intersurface distance of only 0.5 nm. The coupling of the well-ordered rhodium array and metastable substrate in this catalyst triggers and improves hydrogen spillover, enhancing the acidic hydrogen evolution for H2 production, which is essential for various clean energy-related devices. The catalyst achieves a low overpotential of only 9.8 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 24.0 mV dec−1, and high stability under a high potential (vs. RHE) of −0.4 V (current density of ~750 mA cm−2). This work highlights the important role of metastable materials in the design of advanced materials to achieve high-performance catalysis.
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter of pulmonary type 2 cells determines severity of acute lung injury
Authors: Islam Mohammad Naimul , Gusarova Galina A. , Das Shonit R. , Li Li , Monma Eiji , Anjaneyulu Murari , Mthunzi Liberty , Quadri Sadiqa K. , Owusu-Ansah Edward , Bhattacharya Sunita , Bhattacharya Jahar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute Lung Injury (ALI) due to inhaled pathogens causes high mortality. Underlying mechanisms are inadequately understood. Here, by optical imaging of live mouse lungs we show that a key mechanism is the viability of cytosolic Ca2+ buffering by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in the lung’s surfactant-secreting, alveolar type 2 cells (AT2). The buffering increased mitochondrial Ca2+ and induced surfactant secretion in wild-type mice, but not in mice with AT2-specific MCU knockout. In the knockout mice, ALI due to intranasal LPS instillation caused severe pulmonary edema and mortality, which were mitigated by surfactant replenishment prior to LPS instillation, indicating surfactant’s protective effect against alveolar edema. In wild-type mice, intranasal LPS, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased AT2 MCU. Loss of MCU abrogated buffering. The resulting mortality was reduced by spontaneous recovery of MCU expression, or by MCU replenishment. Enhancement of AT2 mitochondrial buffering, hence endogenous surfactant secretion, through MCU replenishment might be a therapy against ALI.