bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surprising effects of cascading higher order interactions
Authors: Hsieh Hsun-Yi , Vandermeer John , Perfecto Ivette 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Most species are embedded in multi-interaction networks. Consequently, theories focusing on simple pair-wise interactions cannot predict ecological and/or evolutionary outcomes. This study explores how cascading higher-order interactions (HOIs) would affect the population dynamics of a focal species. Employing a system that involves a myrmecophylic beetle, a parasitic wasp that attacks the beetle, an ant, and a parasitic fly that attacks the ant, the study explores how none, one, and two HOIs affect the parasitism and the sex ratio of the beetle. We conducted mesocosm experiments to examine these HOIs on beetle survival and sex ratio and found that the 1st degree HOI does not change the beetle’s survival rate or sex ratio. However, the 2nd degree HOI significantly reduces the beetle’s survival rate and changes its sex ratio from even to strongly female-biased. We applied Bayes’ theorem to analyze the per capita survival probability of female vs. male beetles and suggested that the unexpected results might arise from complex eco-evolutionary dynamics involved with the 1st and 2nd degree HOIs. Field data suggested the HOIs significantly regulate the sex ratio of the beetle. As the same structure of HOIs appears in other systems, we believe the complexity associated with the 2nd degree HOI would be more common than known and deserve more scientific attention.
Tracking evolutionary pressure on the SARS-CoV-2 polybasic furin cleavage site arginine dimer: 25-31 July, 2022, sample
Authors: Romeu Antonio R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work is part of a longitudinal study on the evolutionary pressure at the arginine dimer of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein polybasic furin cleavage site. When a virus precursor acquired that furin site, it was not only a huge gain-of-function, but it was also the origin of a species (SARS-CoV-2). At molecular level, the furin site opened up two conceptually highly opposed landscapes. First (favourable for the virus), at protein level, the arginine dimer within the furin site provides an additional positive charge to the S protein that is crucial for the human furin activity. Second (no favourable for the virus), at gene level, this arginine dimer is CGG-CGG encoded. The CGG arginine codon is the arginine codon less favourable in the virus genome (arginine has six codons). The arginine codon usage bias could be a viral strategy to optimize that arginine dimer code. Results shown here thus suggest. They refer to a set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes (0.18 %), from a sample the last days of July, 2022, with a genetically optimized furin site.
3-D Pore Network and Contact Analysis of Cemented Materials: Case Study on Microbial-Induced-Calcite-Precipitated Sands
Authors: Roy Nimisha , Frost David , Terzis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
MICP has emerged as a technology that alters the structure of geomaterials through calcite precipitation and improves its overall mechanical behavior. An essential component of analyzing the improvement due to MICP is understanding and engineering the spatial distribution of the precipitation matrix in the material microstructure that governs the evolution of force chains. This study analyzes a dataset of medium and fine-grained sand samples subjected to MICP treatment that exhibit similar peak and residual strengths in the untreated state but yield varying strengths after cementation with similar bond contents. A systematic study is undertaken to inspect the observed discrepancy, based on an improved quantitative description of the material's inter-particle contacts, pore space, and bond properties. Analysis shows that bonds exhibit distinct geometries and spatial distribution patterns when MICP is applied to the different materials. The spatial distribution of active bonds and its contribution in increasing the overall contact area of the precipitated microstructure is found to be the key factor translating to the macroscopically determined strength parameters, also affecting the efficiency and uniformity of treatment within the same sample. The improved tools and understanding form a new basis for formulating simulation models incorporating pore and contact mechanics to interpret macroscale phenomena.
Covid-19 Vaccination Efficacy, Reported Side Effects, and Hesitancy Among the Syrian Population
Authors: Najjar Michel , Albuaini Sara , Fadel Mohammad , Group Data Collection , Mohsen Fatema 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Our study aims to describe post-vaccination side effects, evaluate the effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines and determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy among Syrians.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 13 and May 28, 2022. The survey was distributed through social media platforms and face-to-face interviews. Data from vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were collected and analyzed using the chi-square test, multivariable logistic regression to detect factors associated with side effects and severe side effects, and Kaplan-Meier plot to evaluate vaccine efficacy.
Results
Of the 3509 participants included, 1672 (47.6%) were vaccinated. The most common reasons for not taking the vaccine were concerns about the vaccine’s side effects 815 (44.4%) and not being convinced with the vaccine benefits 762 (41.5%). The majority of symptoms were mild 788 (47.1%), followed by moderate 374 (22.3%), and severe 144 (8.6%). The most common symptoms were tiredness 1028 (61.5%), pain at the injection site 933 (55.8%), and low-grade fever 684 (40.9%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that < 40 years (vs. ≥40; OR: 2.113, p-value = 0.008), females (vs. males; OR: 2.245, p-value < .001), did not receive influenza shot last year (vs. did receive Influenza shot last year OR: 1.697, p-value = 0.041), AstraZeneca (vs. other vaccine brands; OR: 2.799, p-value < .001), co-morbidities (vs. no co-morbidities; OR: 1.993, p-value = 0.008), and diabetes mellitus (vs. no diabetes mellitus; OR: 2.788, p-value = 0.007) were associated with severe post-vaccine side effects. Serious side effects reported were blood clots 5 (0.3%), thrombocytopenia 2 (0.1%), anaphylaxis 1 (0.1%), seizures 1 (0.1%), and cardiac infarction 1 (0.1%). Fully vaccinated participants had higher free of infection time compared with partially vaccinated and previously infected unvaccinated participants (p-value < .001).
Conclusion
Our study revealed that most side effects reported were mild in severity and self-limiting. Increasing the public’s awareness of the nature of the vaccine’s side effects would reduce the misinformation and improve the public’s trust in vaccines. Larger studies to evaluate rare and serious adverse events and long-term side effects are needed to overcome vaccine hesitancy among people.
Metabolomic and microbial changes reveal the biotransformation of Calotropis gigantea into silage
Authors: Ayemele Aurele Gnetegha , Wang Yuehu , Zhao Gaojuan , Li Xiang , Davies David , Ma Lu , Bu Dengpan , Xu Jianchu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: We recently reported that Calotropis gigantea could be used as a potential functional feed additive to specifically inhibit the detrimental rumen protozoa without impairing the fermentation traits. Meanwhile, to ensure the applicability at the farm level, bio-transforming Calotropis gigantea (giant milkweed, GM) into silage is of an utmost requisite which constitutes a long-term biological preservation. This study aimed at investigating the metabolite and microbiota profiles that can lead to the bio-transformation of Calotropis gigantea into silage, after supplementing fermentative bacteria and sucrose.Results: After ensiling, several metabolites like 3,4'-dihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester, 2-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid, 3,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxypropiophenone, vnilloylmalic acid, sedoheptulose, 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, L-arginine, putrescine, methyl linolenate and calactin were up-regulated while other like 2’-o-methyladenosine, xanthosine, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl glucosinolate and isopentenyl adenine-7-N-glucoside were down-regulated making GM ensiling a biological process to manipulate the metabolite composition and structure for therapeutic needs. This was possible after the colonization by bacteria species like Bacteriodes salanitronis, B. plebeius, B. barnesiae, B. vulgatus, B. caecicola, Prevotella copri, Megamonas hypermegale, Olsenella sp. which increased in ensiling samples with Lactobacillus buchneri specifically found only in ensiled and inoculated samples. The "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites" was the KEGG pathway induced by the highest number of studied GM metabolites. PICRUSt2 identified the "brite hierarchies" as the more expressed microbial functional group and "human diseases and organismal systems" the least expressed one. Conclusion: These findings provide a fundamental description of the microbiota colonizing the plant GM for a successful ensiling process that induced a remarkable metabolomic changes. The cause and effect relationship predicted several metabolic pathways and the contribution of the microbiota profile to the biosynthesis of functional metabolites. Understanding the specific mechanisms modulated by the colonizing bacteria and fungi underpinning the bio-transformation into silage deserves further studies.
Prevalence, trends, and factors associated with teen motherhood in Nigeria: An analysis of the 2008-2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys.
Authors: Kareem Yusuf Olushola , Abubakar Zubaida , Adelekan Babatunde , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Gbagbo Fred Yao , Goldson Erika , Mueller Ulla , Yaya Sanni 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: Teen pregnancy and childbearing are common in Nigeria, and understanding the complexities such as sociodemographic and economic factors including sexual and reproductive health knowledge and awareness among adolescents over time can trigger innovative approaches and interventions. This study intends to capture the patterns and associated factors of teen motherhood among sexually active adolescents (15-19 years) between 2008-2018.Methods: The study data was extracted from 2008, 2013, and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. Descriptive analysis was presented using frequencies and percentages; multivariable analysis was conducted using log-binomial logistic regression at a p-value <0.05. All analyses were performed using Stata 15.0, weighted and adjusted for the complex survey design and the population size.Results: The prevalence of teen motherhood increased between the three successive survey waves, (50.9% vs 52.4% vs 55.2%) from 2008, 2013, and 2018. Although, the pooled adjusted analysis revealed no significant change over the 10-year period. Knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, primary education, non-Catholic Christians, residing in the South-South region, and those currently or formerly married were associated with increased risk of teen motherhood.Conclusion: This study revealed an increase in the proportion of teen pregnancy and childbearing in Nigeria. Notably, there exist variations across age groups, geographic location, educational level, religious belief, marital and economic status. Interventions that ensure comprehensive sexuality education, girl child education and economic empowerment especially for school dropouts are advocated to reduce this menace.
Effects of indirect foraminal decompression during anterior cervical disc fusion procedure: a prospective study with clinical and radiological outcomes
Authors: LAINÉ Gaetan , COUDERT Pierre , DAMADE Camille , BOISSIERE Louis , POINTILLART Vincent , VITAL Jean Marc , BOUYER Benjamin , GILLE Olivier 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The respective effects of direct and indirect decompression in the clinical outcome after anterior cervical disc fusion (ACDF) is still debated. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the height of the implants was associated with postoperative foraminal height and volume, and with clinical improvement in patients suffering from cervico-brachial neuralgias due to degenerative foraminal stenosis.
Methods
We conducted a prospective follow-up of patients who underwent ACDF for cervicobrachial neuralgias due to degenerative foraminal stenosis. Patient had filled auto questionnaires (Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for cervical and radicular pain) and performed a CT-scan pre and post-operatively. Disc height, foraminal height and foraminal volumes were measured pre and post operatively.
Results
37 cervical disc fusions were successfully performed in 20 patients, with a total of 148 foramina studied. A significant improvement in the 3 scores was observed at 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). We found a significant improvement in every radiological parameter, with a significant increase in disc height, foraminal height and foraminal volume being respectively + 3,22mm (p < 0,001), + 2,12mm (p < 0,001) and + 54mm3 (p < 0,001). Increase in disc height was significantly associated with increase in foraminal height (p < 0,001) and foraminal volume (p < 0,001). Increase in foraminal height was significantly correlated with foraminal volume (p < 0,001) and with improvement in NDI score (p:0,037). Considering all those findings, our study suggests that indirect decompression helps in clinical improvement after ACDF.
Conclusion
This study provides interesting data regarding the clinical benefit of indirect decompression in ACDF performed for cervicobrachial neuralgias.
Ayurvedic Herbal Therapies: A Review of Treatment and Management of Dementia
Authors: Srivastava Vinod , Mathur Deepali , Rout Soumyashree , Mishra Bikash Kumar , Pannu Viraaj , Anand Akshay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:Dementia has been characterized by atypical neurological syndromes and several cognitive deficits, such as extended memory loss, strange behavior, unusual thinking, impaired judgment, impotence, and difficulty with daily living activities. Dementia is not a disease, but it is caused by several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Lewy’s bodies. Several drugs and remedies are indicated for alleviating unusual cognitive decline, but no effective pharmacological treatment regimens are available without side effects. Herbal drugs or traditional medicines like Ayurveda have been known for facilitating and corroborating the balance between mind, brain, body, and environment. Ayurvedic therapy comprises 600 herbal formulas, 250 single plant remedies, and natural and holistic health-giving treatments that relieve dementia in patients and increase vitality. Ayurvedic Rasayana herbs [rejuvenating elements] strengthen the brain cells, enhance memory, and decrease stress. The current medicine scenario in the treatment of dementia has prompted the shift in exploring the efficacy of ayurvedic medicine, its safety, and its efficiency. This review presents the literature on several herbal treatments for improving dementia symptomatology and patients’ quality of life.
Structural Correlates of Overt Sentence Reading in Mild Cognitive
Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: De Looze Céline , Dehsarvi Amir , Suleyman Narin , Crosby Lisa , Hernández Belinda , Coen Robert F. , Lawlor Brian A. , Reilly Richard B. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Overt sentence reading in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been associated with slowness of speech, characterized by a higher number of pauses, shorter speech units and slower speech rate and attributed to reduced working memory/ attention and language capacity.

Objective:
This preliminary case-control study investigates whether the temporal organization of speech is associated with the volume of brain regions involved in overt sentence reading and explores the discriminative ability of temporal speech parameters and standard volumetric MRI measures for the classification of MCI and AD.

Method:
Individuals with MCI, mild-to-moderate AD, and healthy controls (HC) had a structural MRI scan and read aloud sentences varying in cognitive-linguistic demand (length). The association between speech features and regional brain volumes was examined by linear mixed-effect modeling. Genetic programming was used to explore the discriminative ability of temporal and MRI features.

Results:
Longer sentences, slower speech rate, higher number of pauses and shorter interpausal units were associated with reduced volumes of the reading network. Speech-based classifiers performed similarly to the MRI-based classifiers for MCI-HC (67% vs 68%) and slightly better for AD-HC (80% vs 64%) and AD-MCI (82% vs 59%). Adding the speech features to the MRI features slightly improved performance of MRI-based classification for AD-HC and MCI-HC but not HC-MCI.

Conclusion:
The temporal organization of speech in overt sentence reading reflects underlying volume reductions. It may represent a sensitive marker for early assessment of structural changes and cognitive-linguistic deficits associated with healthy aging, MCI, and AD.
In silico Study of the Proteins Involved in the Persistence of Brucella spp.
Authors: Pakzad Iraj , Kalani Behrooz Sadeghi , Asadollahi Parisa , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Kazemian Hossein 
Published: August 2022

Background:
One of the major problems with Brucella infections is its tendency to become chronic and recurrent, providing a hindrance to the management of this infection. It has been proposed that chronicity is so much affected by a phenomenon called persistence in bacteria. Several mechanisms are involved in bacterial persistence, including the type II toxin-antitoxin system, the SOS, Oxidative , and stringent response.

Methods:
In this in silico study, these persistence mechanisms in Brucella spp. were investigated.

Results:
the structure and the interactions between modules involved in these systems were designed, and novel peptides that can interfere with some of these important mechanisms were developed.

Conclusion:
Since peptide-based therapeutics are a new and evolving field due to their ease of production, we hope that peptides developed in this study, as well as the information about the structure and interactions of modules of persistence mechanisms, can further be used to design drugs against Brucella persister cells in the hope of restraining the chronic nature of Brucellosis.
Study of Different Techniques used in WSN for Smart Mobility
Authors: Gill Ramandeep , Dubey Tarun Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Background:
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor
nodes deployed randomly over an area that can sense the surrounding environment to gather some data and interconnect over a wireless channel to share the information with neighboring nodes or with
some users over the internet. WSN has a wide range of applications in the field of military, healthcare,
industry, agriculture, livestock farming, and smart cities. The pertinence of WSN in healthcare, defense, agriculture, and industry is discussed in detail in the background section of this paper.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to examine and simulate Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Bellman
Ford’s Algorithm, and Floyd-Warshall’s Algorithm applied for routing in WSN.

Methods:
Simulation is completed on CupCarbon U-one 4.2 simulator for these algorithms to compute the shortest distance between a randomly deployed source node and a destination node in different sized networks. Simulation of the three algorithms is carried out considering the vital simulation
parameters including sensor radius, radio range, and traffic. Also, Simulation is carried out to show
the implementation of Floyd Warshall’s algorithm in the field of smart mobility.

Results:
The obtained results show that the simulation time for the calculation of the shortest route
from source to destinations for the three algorithms is the same which is also suitable for various applications of smart mobility, smart accident management, and smart traffic management.

Conclusion:
The simulation results are also examined to measure the performance of each algorithm and
its suitability in the context of WSN. The epilogue of this paper is provided in the conclusion section.
Potential Use of Artificial Intelligence in a Healthcare System
Authors: Agrawal Ojaskumar D. , Madhavi Janvi S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a swiftly evolving branch of technology that has been used to
improve clinical practice, minimize errors, and boost safety and efficiency worldwide; in almost every
field. AI is used for machine-learning algorithms and techniques to replicate human cognition in the
assessment, display, and interpretation of complicated medical and healthcare data. AI is surfacing and
producing a discernible shift in the healthcare system by expanding the availability of data in
healthcare and speeding up the development of analysis tools. Additionally, AI and its applications in
healthcare have evolved and proved to be a boon. The pharmaceutical business, health services, medical institutes, and patients, not only doctors use the applications but also dermatology, echocardiography, surgery, and angiography are only a few applications. AI can improve healthcare systems without hesitation. Automating time-consuming tasks can free up clinicians' schedules so they can encounter patients. It is causing a radical shift in healthcare, attributed to the increasing availability of
healthcare data and the rapid advancement of advanced analytics. Screening, monitoring, and medical
and clinical investigations are all made easier by AI. Despite some of the obstacles and limitations that
AI faces, this new technology has enormous potential in the medical field. Regarding their reduced
size, electronic devices have become more powerful as technology has progressed. Currently, the
COVID – 19 pandemic is propelling the digital age to unprecedented heights. On multiple fronts, Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are being employed to
combat the pandemic.
Kombinasi Calf Raise Exercise dan Core Stability Exercise Dapat Meningkatkan Keseimbangan Tubuh pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Fisioterapi Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar
Authors: Anjasmara Bagas , Widanti Herista Novia , Mulyadi Soffil Yudha 
Published: August 2022

Kurangnya aktivitas fisik atau gaya hidup sedentary akan berpengaruh pada kemampuan tubuh, salah satunya adalah keseimbangan tubuh, sehingga menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan yang berhubungan kemampuan motorik, salah satunya adalah meningkatnya kemungkinan cedera akibat tidak terbiasanya otot dalam menahan beban yang lebih dari aktivitas yang biasanya. Untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan tubuh manusia, adalah dengan melatih otot yang berperan dalam menjaga keseimbangan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi calf raise exercise dan core stability exercise dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan tubuh pada mahasiswa jurusan fisioterapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian pre and post test design. Para responden diarahkan untuk melakukan calf raise exercise dan core stability exercise. Jumlah responden sebanyak 18 orang, latihan diberikan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu. Pengukuran keseimbangan tubuh menggunakan standing stork test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan keseimbangan dimana nilai mean diman terdapat perbedaan pada nilai pre test dan post test serta di dapatkan nilai p = 0,001 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kombinasi calf raise exercise dan core stability exercise berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan tubuh pada mahasiswa jurusan Fisioterapi Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar.