bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reheating constraints on modified single-field natural inflation models
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yu Qing , Pan Yu , Zhou Ruiyu , Cheng Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss three modified single-field natural inflation models in detail, including Special generalized natural inflation model (SNI), extended natural inflation model (ENI) and natural inflation inspired model (NII). We derive the analytical expression of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r and the spectral index $$n_s$$

n
s

for those models. Then the reheating temperature $$T_{re}$$

T

re

and reheating duration $$N_{re}$$

N

re

are analytically derived. Moreover, considering the CMB constraints, the feasible space of the SNI model in $$(n_s, r)$$

(

n
s

,
r
)

plane is almost covered by that of the NII, which means the NII is more general than the SNI. In addition, there is no overlapping space between the ENI and the other two models in $$(n_s, r)$$

(

n
s

,
r
)

plane, which indicates that the ENI and the other two models exclude each other, and more accurate experiments can verify them. Furthermore, the reheating brings tighter constraints to the inflation models, but they still work for a different reheating universe. Considering the constraints of $$n_s$$

n
s

, r, $$N_k$$

N
k

and choosing $$T_{re}$$

T

re

near the electroweak energy scale, one can find that the decay constants of the three models have no overlapping area and the effective equations of state $$\omega _{re}$$

ω

re

should be within $$\frac{1}{4}\lesssim \omega _{re} \lesssim \frac{4}{5}$$

1
4

≲

ω

re

≲

4
5

for the three models.
Industrial Control Systems Security via Runtime Enforcement
Authors: Lanotte Ruggero , Merro Massimo , Munteanu Andrei 
Published: July 2022

With the advent of
Industry 4.0
, industrial facilities and critical infrastructures are transforming into an ecosystem of heterogeneous physical and cyber components, such as
programmable logic controllers
, increasingly interconnected and therefore exposed to
cyber-physical attacks
, i.e., security breaches in cyberspace that may adversely affect the physical processes underlying
industrial control systems
.

In this article, we propose a
formal approach
based on
runtime enforcement
to ensure specification compliance in networks of controllers, possibly compromised by
colluding malware
that may locally tamper with actuator commands, sensor readings, and inter-controller communications. Our approach relies on an ad-hoc sub-class of Ligatti et al.’s
edit automata
to enforce controllers represented in Hennessy and Regan’s
Timed Process Language
. We define a synthesis algorithm that, given an alphabet 𝒫 of observable actions and a timed correctness property
e
, returns a monitor that enforces the property
e
during the execution of any (potentially corrupted) controller with alphabet 𝒫, and complying with the property
e
. Our monitors do
mitigation
by correcting and suppressing incorrect actions of corrupted controllers and by generating actions in full autonomy when the controller under scrutiny is not able to do so in a correct manner. Besides classical requirements, such as
transparency
and
soundness
, the proposed enforcement enjoys
deadlock- and diverge-freedom
of monitored controllers, together with
scalability
when dealing with networks of controllers. Finally, we test the proposed enforcement mechanism on a non-trivial case study, taken from the context of industrial water treatment systems, in which the controllers are injected with different malware with different malicious goals.
ÜCRETLİ EV İŞLERİNDE ÇALIŞAN KADINLARIN GÜNDELİK YAŞAMI VE TÜKETİM ALIŞKANLIKLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: SARI Gülşah , YILMAZ BİLECEN Meltem 
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışma evlere temizliğe giderek ücretli emek sürecine eklemlenen kadınların gündelik hayatlarını, kazandıkları para üzerindeki tasarruflarını, tüketim alışkanlıklarını ve çalışıyor olmanın onların hayatlarında yaptığı değişiklikleri ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Çalışmada İstanbul Ataşehir’de evlere temizliğe giden on kadınla yüz yüze derinlemesine mülakat tekniğiyle görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş olup görüşmeler esnasında temelde kırk altı sorunun yer aldığı soru formundan hareket edilmiştir. Beş temel kategori altında değerlendirilen görüşmelerde kadınlara ilişkin demografik verilere, aile yaşantılarına, kazançları ve tüketme alışkanlıklarına, sosyal medya kullanımı biçimlerine, çalışmanın onların hayatlarında yarattığı değişikliklere odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmada ücretli ev işlerinde çalışan kadınların kent hayatına uyum süreci ve tüketim alışkanlıklarında çalıştıkları evlerdeki orta ve üst sınıf ailelerinin katkısının olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Prediction of high and low disease activity in early MS patients using multiple kernel learning identifies importance of lateral ventricle intensity
Authors: Chien Claudia , Seiler Moritz , Eitel Fabian , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Paul Friedemann , Ritter Kerstin 
Published: July 2022

Background Lack of easy-to-interpret disease activity prediction methods in early MS can lead to worse patient prognosis. Objectives Using machine learning (multiple kernel learning – MKL) models, we assessed the prognostic value of various clinical and MRI measures for disease activity. Methods Early MS patients ( n = 148) with at least two associated clinical and MRI visits were investigated. T2-weighted MRIs were cropped to contain mainly the lateral ventricles (LV). High disease activity was defined as surpassing NEDA-3 Criteria more than once per year. Clinical demographic, MRI-extracted image-derived phenotypes (IDP), and MRI data were used as inputs for separate kernels to predict future disease activity with MKL. Model performance was compared using bootstrapped effect size analysis of mean differences. Results A total of 681 visits were included, where 81 (55%) patients had high disease activity in a combined end point measure using all follow-up visits. MKL model discrimination performance was moderate (AUC ≥ 0.62); however, modelling with combined clinical and cropped LV kernels gave the highest prediction performance (AUC = 0.70). Conclusions MRIs contain valuable information on future disease activity, especially in and around the LV. MKL techniques for combining different data types can be used for the prediction of disease activity in a relatively small MS cohort.
Transcriptome-wide characterization, evolutionary analysis, and expression pattern analysis of the NF-Y transcription factor gene family and salt stress response in Panax ginseng
Authors: Liu Mingming , Pan Zhaoxi , Yu Jie , Zhu Lei , Zhao Mingzhu , Wang Yanfang , Chen Ping , Liu Chang , Hu Jian , Liu Tao , Wang Kangyu , Wang Yi , Zhang Meiping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractJilin ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has a long history of medicinal use worldwide. The quality of ginseng is governed by a variety of internal and external factors. Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), an important transcription factor in eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in the plant response to abiotic stresses by binding to a specific promoter, the CCAAT box. However, the NF-Y gene family has not been reported in Panax ginseng. In this study, 115 PgNF-Y transcripts with 40 gene IDs were identified from the Jilin ginseng transcriptome database. These genes were classified into the PgNF-YA (13), PgNF-YB (14), and PgNF-YC (13) subgroups according to their subunit types, and their nucleotide sequence lengths, structural domain information, and amino acid sequence lengths were analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the 79 PgNF-Y transcripts with complete ORFs were divided into three subfamilies, NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. PgNF-Y was annotated to eight subclasses under three major functions (BP, MF, and CC) by GO annotation, indicating that these transcripts perform different functions in ginseng growth and development. Expression pattern analysis of the roots of 42 farm cultivars, 14 different tissues of 4-year-old ginseng plants, and the roots of 4 different-ages of ginseng plants showed that PgNF-Y gene expression differed across lineages and had spatiotemporal specificity. Coexpression network analysis showed that PgNF-Ys acted synergistically with each other in Jilin ginseng. In addition, the analysis of the response of PgNF-YB09, PgNF-YC02, and PgNF-YC07-04 genes to salt stress treatment was investigated by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expression of these genes increased after salt stress treatment, indicating that they may be involved in the regulation of the response to salt stresses in ginseng. These results provide important functional genetic resources for the improvement and gene breeding of ginseng in the future.Conclusions: This study fills a knowledge gap regarding the NF-Y gene family in ginseng, provides systematic theoretical support for subsequent research on PgNF-Y genes, and provides data resources for resistance to salt stress in ginseng.
The effect of direct admission to acute geriatric units compared to admission after an emergency department visit on length of stay, postacute care transfers and ED return visits
Authors: Naouri D. , Pelletier-Fleury N. , Lapidus N. , Yordanov Y. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Compared with conventional hospitalization, admission to an acute geriatric care unit (AGU) is associated with better outcomes in elderly patients. In 2012, 50% of the hospitalizations of elderly patients were preceded by an emergency department (ED) visit. Hospital occupancy, access blocks and overcrowding experienced by patients during ED visits are associated with increased morbidity.

Objective
Our aim was to evaluate the effect of direct admission (DA) to an AGU on both the hospital length of stay and morbidity of elderly patients.

Design
This study was a retrospective cohort study conducted using electronic medical records and administrative claims data from the Greater Paris University Hospitals (APHP) health data warehouse involving 19 different AGUs.

Participants
We included all patients ≥ 75 years old who were admitted to an AGU for more than 24 h between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018.

Intervention
Direct admission to the AGU compared to admission after an ED visit.

Main measures
The main outcome was hospital length of stay. Two outcomes were used to analyse morbidity: postacute care and rehabilitation ward transfer at the end of the index hospitalization and ED return visit within 30 days after the index hospitalization (for those who survived to hospitalization). We used an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach to balance the differences in patient baseline variables between the two groups. Univariate linear and logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of DA on hospital length of stay and the likelihood of postacute care transfer and ED return visit.

Key results
Among the 6583 patients included in the study, DA was associated with a lower hospital length of stay (estimate = -1.28; 95% CI = -1.76–0.80), and a lower likelihood of postacute care transfer (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.77–0.97). It was not significantly associated with a lower risk of ED return visits (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.60–1.08) in the following month.

Conclusion
DA should be prioritized, and reorganization of the geriatric pathway around DA should be encouraged due to the frailty of elderly individuals.
The survival impact of palliative chemotherapy dose modifications on metastatic colon cancer
Authors: Zainal Abidin Mohd Naqib , Omar Marhanis Salihah , Islahudin Farida , Mohamed Shah Noraida 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
An uninterrupted dose of oxaliplatin-based cytotoxic therapy is an essential component in the standard treatment regimen of metastatic colon cancer (mCC). Data on the impacts of dose intensity reduction on the palliative treatment for patients with mCC remain scarce. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the impact of palliative chemotherapy dose modifications (DM) on the survival of patients with mCC.

Methods
Patients with stage IV colon cancer who received first-line palliative FOLFOX regimen chemotherapy between 2014 until 2018 in the Oncology Department of the National Cancer Institute were conveniently sampled retrospectively to analyse the treatment efficacy. The cumulative dose and duration of chemotherapy received by the patients were summarised as relative dose intensity (RDI) and stratified as High RDI (RDI ≥ 70%) or Low RDI (RDI < 70%). Progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) between the two groups were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Out of the 414 patients identified, 95 patients with mCC were eligible and included in the final analysis. About half of the patients (n = 47) completed the 12-cycle chemotherapy regimen and one patient received the complete (100%) RDI. The overall median RDI was 68.7%. The Low RDI group (n = 49) had a 1.5 times higher mortality risk than the High RDI group [OS, Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.5, 95% Cl: 1.19–1.82] with a significant median OS difference (9.1 vs. 16.0 months, p <  0.01). Furthermore, patients with lower dose intensity showed double the risk of disease progression (PFS, HR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.23–3.13) with a significant difference of 4.5 months of median PFS (p <  0.01). Gender and RDI were the independent prognostic factors of both OS and PFS.

Conclusion
Reduction in the dose intensity of palliative chemotherapy may adversely affect both disease progression and overall survival among mCC patients.
Relationship between meibomian gland loss in infrared meibography and meibum quality in dry eye patients
Authors: Ha Minji , Oh Si-Eun , Whang Woong-Joo , Na Kyung-Sun , Kim Eun Chul , Kim Hyun-Seung , Kim Jin Soo , Hwang Ho Sik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In the present study, we evaluated the correlation between meibomian gland dropout and meibum quality in the same central 8 meibomian glands of the eyelid.

Methods
Ninety-nine eyes of 91 patients with dry eye were included in the study. Dropout of the 8 central meibomian glands of the eyelids was graded as 0, 1, 2, or 3, according to the dropout area. The meibum quality was graded as follows: grade 0, no secretion; 1, inspissated/toothpaste consistency; 2, cloudy liquid secretion; and 3, clear liquid secretion. For 68 eyes of 68 patients, correlation analysis between dropout and meibum quality was performed. To precisely analyze the direct correlation between meibomian gland dropout in meibography and meibum quality, we evaluated 31 eyes of 23 patients with focal dropout in meibography.

Results
The median (interquartile range) meiboscore was 1.0 (2.0) in the upper eyelids and 0.0 (1.0) in the lower eyelids. The median (interquartile range) meibum quality grade was 3.0 (1.0) in the upper eyelids and 1.0 (1.0) in the lower eyelids. No significant correlation between the meiboscore and meibum quality grade was detected in the upper (p =0.746) or lower (p =0.551) eyelids. Analysis of the direct correlation between meibomian gland dropout in meibography and meibum quality in patients with focal dropout (loss of 1 or 2 adjacent meibomian glands), however, indicated that meibomian glands with dropout secreted little to no meibum.

Conclusions
Overall analysis revealed no relationship between meibomian gland dropout and meibum quality, but more detailed investigation of each meibomian gland alone revealed that meibomian glands with dropout secrete little to no meibum.
Electronic screen device usage and screen time among preschool-attending children in a suburban area of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnasiri Asanka , Rathnayaka Harsha , Yasara Nirmani , Mettananda Sachith 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Excessive use of screen devices and screen time are increasing health problems in children. We aim to describe the electronic screen device usage and determine the factors associated with their use among preschool-attending children in a suburban population in Sri Lanka.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a suburban Medical Officer of Health area of Sri Lanka from January to March 2020. All children aged between 36–59 months attending ten randomly selected preschools were recruited. Data were collected using a parent-administered questionnaire and analysed using binary logistic regression in SPSS. The prevalence of electronic device usage, the average time spent on each device, and factors associated with individual device usage were analysed.

Results
A total of 340 children (Male-48%; mean age-50.1 ± 6.9 months) were recruited. Electronic devices were used by 96% of children. The most common devices were the television (87%) and the smartphone (63%). Of the children who used electronic devices, 60% exceeded the recommended screen time limit of one hour per day, 21% used devices for more than two hours per day, and 51% commenced using devices by two years of age. The higher education level of the father was independently associated with the use of smartphones and laptops and daily screen time of more than one hour (p < 0.05 for all). Male sex and being the only child were significantly associated with the use of smartphones, whereas maternal employment was associated with the use of laptops (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions
Electronic screen devices were used by 96% of preschool-attending children, and over 60% used them for more than the recommended daily upper limit of one hour. Higher paternal education, maternal employment and being the only child were significantly associated with electronic screen device use.
The role of pornography in the sex life of young adults-a cross-sectional cohort study on female and male German medical students
Authors: Jahnen Matthias , Zeng Leopold , Kron Martina , Meissner Valentin H. , Korte Alexander , Schiele Stefan , Schulwitz Helga , Dinkel Andreas , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Herkommer Kathleen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to easy online accessibility of pornography its consumption is popular among adolescents and young adults. Considering recently developed frameworks on the effects of sexual media, we assessed how increased consumption of pornography is associated with the experience of certain aspects of offline and online sexual activity in German medical students.

Methods
Between April 2018 and March 2020 medical students from the Technical University of Munich in Germany were anonymously surveyed with regards to their sexual behavior, consumption of pornography, and use of social media. 468 students (female: n = 293; male: n = 175) were included in the current analysis. Data was analyzed using simple and multiple Poisson regression analysis.

Results
Only 7.3% of female students but the majority of male students (79.1%) consumed pornography more than 4 times in the last 4 weeks. Female and male students who reported to be inspired by pornography (female: 52.0%, male: 74.6%) and who have enjoyed the experience of anal intercourse in their life (female: 17.1%, male: 32.2%) consumed pornography more frequently. Female students who have experienced a “threesome” (9.0%), have sent erotic pictures of themselves (33.5%), or use social media in their dating life (27.6%) consumed pornography more frequently. Male students who did not experience a sexual transmitted disease (82.9%) and did not cheat on their partner (68.0%) consumed pornography more frequently (results of multiple Poisson regression analysis; all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Many students consider pornography as inspiration for their sex life and frequent consumption of pornography seems to be associated with gender specific characteristics congruent with short-term sexual quality. The desire of adolescents and young adults for practical information about sexual intercourse should be addressed openly and a proper understanding of the sexuality shown in pornography should be taught.
Appropriate and acceptable health assessments for people experiencing homelessness
Authors: Gordon Susan Jayne , Baker Nicky , Steffens Margie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Appropriate and acceptable recruitment strategies and assessment tools are essential to determine the health needs for people experiencing homelessness. Based on a systematic review and known feasible community-based health assessments for people who are not homeless, a set of health assessments were trialled with people experiencing homelessness.

Methods
Participants were recruited via support agencies. They completed a health risk assessment, demographic and self-report health questionnaires, and objective assessments across 17 domains of health.

Results
Fifty-three participants (43.3% female, mean age 49.1 years) consented and completed 83–96% of assessments. Consent was reversed for assessments of grip, foot sensation, body measures (11%), and walking (30%), and initially refused for stress, sleep, cognition (6%); balance, walk test (9%) and oral examination (11%). There was one adverse event. Most assessments were both appropriate and acceptable. Some required modification for the context of homelessness, in particular the K10 was over-familiar to participants resulting in memorised responses. Recruitment strategies and practices must increase trust and ensure participants feel safe.

Conclusions
This set of health assessments are appropriate and acceptable for administration with people experiencing homelessness. Outcomes of these assessments are essential to inform public and primary health service priorities to improve the health of people experiencing homelessness.
Prognostic value of the ratio of maximum to minimum diameter of primary tumor in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Shi Hongzhe , Cao Chuanzhen , Wen Li , Zhang Lianyu , Zhang Jin , Ma Jianhui , Shou Jianzhong , Li Changling 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Several models and markers were developed and found to predict outcome of advanced renal cell carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the ratio of maximum to minimum tumor diameter (ROD) in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC).

Methods
Patients with mccRCC (n = 213) treated with sunitinib from January 2008 to December 2018 were identified. Cutoff value for ROD was determined using receiver operating characteristic. Patients with different ROD scores were grouped and evaluated. Survival outcomes were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
The optimal ROD cutoff value of 1.34 was determined for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients in ROD ≥ 1.34 group had shorter PFS (9.6 versus 17.7 months, p < 0.001) and OS (25.5 versus 32.6 months, p < 0.001) than patients in ROD < 1.34 group. After adjustment for other factors, multivariate analysis showed ROD ≥ 1.34 was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p = 0.006). Patients in ROD ≥ 1.34 group presented higher proportions of pT3/4 stage (89.2% versus 10.8%, p = 0.021), WHO/ISUP grade III/IV (72.0% versus 28.0%, p = 0.010), tumor necrosis (71.0% versus 29.0%, p = 0.039), sarcomatoid differentiation (79.1% versus 20.9%, p = 0.007), poor MSKCC risk score (78.4% versus 21.6%, p < 0.001) and poor IMDC risk score (74.4% versus 25.6%, p < 0.001) than ROD < 1.34 group.

Conclusion
Primary tumor with higher ROD was an independently prognostic factor for both PFS and OS in patients with mccRCC who received targeted therapy. Higher ROD was also associated with high pT stage, high WHO/ISUP grade, sarcomatoid features, tumor necrosis, poor MSKCC and IMDC risk score.