bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are asymmetric inheritance systems an evolutionary trap? Transitions in the mechanism of genome loss in the scale insect family Eriococcidae
Authors: Hodson Christina N , Toon Alicia , Cook Lyn , Ross Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHaplodiploidy and paternal genome elimination (PGE) are examples of asymmetric inheritance, where males transmit only maternally inherited chromosomes to their offspring. Under haplodiploidy this results from males being haploid, whereas under PGE males inherit but subsequently eliminate paternally inherited chromosomes during meiosis. Their evolution involves changes in the mechanisms of meiosis and sex determination, and sometimes also dosage compensation. As a result, these systems are thought to be an evolutionary trap, meaning that once asymmetric chromosome transmission evolves, it is difficult to transition back to typical Mendelian transmission. We assess whether there is evidence for this idea in the scale insect family Eriococcidae, a lineage with PGE and the only clade with a suggestion that asymmetric inheritance has transitioned back to Mendelian inheritance. We conduct a cytological survey of 13 eriococcid species, and a cytological, genetic, and gene expression analysis of species in the genusCystococcus, to investigate whether there is evidence for species in this clade evolving Mendelian chromosome transmission. Although we find that all species we examined exhibit PGE, the mechanism is extremely variable within Eriococcidae. WithinCystococcus, in fact, we uncover a previously undiscovered type of PGE in scale insects, where in males paternally inherited chromosomes are present, uncondensed, and expressed in somatic cells, but are eliminated prior to meiosis. Broadly, we fail to find evidence for a reversion from PGE to Mendelian inheritance in Eriococcidae, supporting the idea that asymmetric inheritance systems such as PGE may be an evolutionary trap.
DNA sequencing and gene-expression profiling assists in making a tissue of origin diagnosis in cancer of unknown primary
Authors: Posner Atara , Prall Owen W.J. , Sivakumaran Tharani , Etemadamoghadam Dariush , Thio Niko , Pattison Andrew , Balachander Shiva , Fisher Krista , Webb Samantha , Wood Colin , DeFazio Anna , Wilcken Nicholas , Gao Bo , Karapetis Christos S , Singh Madhu , Collins Ian M , Richardson Gary , Steer Christopher , Warren Mark , Karanth Narayan , Wright Gavin , Williams Scott , George Joshy , Hicks Rodney J , Boussioutas Alex , Gill Anthony J , Solomon Benjamin J. , Xu Huiling , Fellowes Andrew , Fox Stephen B , Schofield Penelope , Bowtell David , Mileshkin Linda , Tothill Richard W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer of unknown primary (CUP) constitutes a group of metastatic cancers in which standardized clinical investigations fail to identify a tissue of origin (TOO). Gene-expression profiling (GEP) has been used to resolve TOO, and DNA sequencing to identify potential targeted treatments; however, these methods have not been widely applied together in CUP patients. To assess the diagnostic utility of DNA and RNA tests for TOO classification, we applied GEP classification and/or gene-panel DNA sequencing in 215 CUP patients. Based on a retrospective review of pathology reports and clinical data, 77% of the cohort were deemed True-CUPs (T-CUP). Among the remaining cases, a latent primary diagnosis (10%) (LP-CUP) or TOO was highly suspected based on combined clinicopathological data (13%) (histology-resolved CUP, HR-CUP). High-medium confidence GEP classifications were made for 80% of LP/HR-CUPs, and these classifications were consistent with a pathologist-assigned diagnosis in 94% of cases, while only 56% of T-CUPs had high-medium confidence predictions. The frequency of somatic mutations in cancer genes was similar to 2,785 CUPs from AACR GENIE Project. DNA features, GEP classification, and oncovirus detection assisted making a TOO diagnosis in 37% of T-CUPs. Gene mutations and mutational signatures of diagnostic utility were found in 31% T-CUPs. GEP classification was useful in 13% of cases and viral detection in 4%. Among resolved T-CUPs, lung and biliary were the most frequently identified cancer types, while kidney cancer represented another minor subset. Multivariate survival analysis showed that unresolved T-CUPs had poorer overall survival than LP/HR-CUPs (Hazard ratio=1.9, 95% CI 1.1 − 3.2, p=0.016), while the risk of death was similar in genomically-resolved T-CUPs and LP/HR-CUPs. In conclusion, combining DNA and RNA profiling with clinicopathological data supported a putative TOO diagnosis in over a third of T-CUPs. DNA sequencing benefited T-CUP tumors with atypical transcriptional patterns that hindered reliable GEP classification.
Reactivity to neural tissue epitopes, aquaporin 4 and heat shock protein 60 is associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways and the onset of delirium following hip fracture surgery
Authors: Maes Michael , Thisayakorn Paul , Thipakorn Yanin , Tantavisut Saran , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Vojdani Aristo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesActivation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and a deficiency in the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), neuronal injuries, and alterations in the glutamate receptor (GlutaR), aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) are involved in delirium. Increased serum levels of neurofilament protein (NFP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) are biomarker of neuronal injury and post-surgery cognitive impairments. Polyreactive antibodies (PAbs) contribute to the development of immune-mediated disease. This investigation delineates whether elevated IgA and IgG reactivity against those self-antigens is associated with enhanced IRS responses and delirium severity.MethodsWe measured peak Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) scores on days 2 and 3 following surgery in 59 hip fracture older adults, and IgA/IgG antibody levels against MBP, NFP, GFAP and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), GlutaR, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR), APQ4 and HSP60.ResultsThe IgA antibody levels against those self-antigens, especially GFAP, MBP and HSP60, strongly predict peak DRS scores on days 2 and 3 post-surgery. IgA reactivity against NMDAR and baseline DRS scores explained 40.6% of the variance in peak DRS scores, whilst IgA against NMDAR, IgG against MBP and age explained 29.1% of the variance in the IRS/CIRS ratio. There was no correlation between DRS scores and IgG directed against these self-antigens.ConclusionsIncreased IgA levels against neuronal self-antigens, AQP4, and HSP60 are risk factors for delirium. PAb-associated breakdown of immune tolerance, IRS activation and injuries in the neuronal cytoskeleton, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, glial cells, and myelin sheath are involved in the pathophysiology of delirium.
An individualized Bayesian method for estimating genomic variants of hypertension
Authors: Rahman Md. Asad , Cai Chunhui , McNamara Dennis M. , Ding Ying , Cooper Gregory F. , Lu Xinghua , Liu Jinling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenomic variants of disease are often discovered nowadays through population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Identifying genomic variations potentially underlying a phenotype, such as hypertension, in an individual is important for designing personalized treatment; however, population-level models, such as GWAS, may not capture all of the important, individualized factors well. In addition, GWAS typically requires a large sample size to detect association of low-frequency genomic variants with sufficient power. Here, we report an individualized Bayesian inference (IBI) algorithm for estimating the genomic variants that influence complex traits such as hypertension at the level of an individual (e.g., a patient). By modeling at the level of the individual, IBI seeks to find genomic variants observed in the individual’s genome that provide a strong explanation of the phenotype observed in this individual.ResultsWe applied the IBI algorithm to the data from the Framingham Heart Study to explore genomic influences of hypertension. Among the top-ranking variants identified by IBI and GWAS, there is a significant number of shared variants (intersection); the unique variants identified only by IBI tend to have relatively lower minor allele frequency than those identified by GWAS. In addition, we observed that IBI discovered more individualized and diverse variants that explain the hypertension patients better than did GWAS. Furthermore, IBI found several well-known low-frequency variants as well as genes related to blood pressure that were missed by GWAS in the same cohort. Finally, IBI identified top-ranked variants that predicted hypertension better than did GWAS, according to the area under the ROC curve.ConclusionsThe results provide support for IBI as a promising approach for complementing GWAS especially in detecting low-frequency genomic variants as well as learning personalized genomic variants of clinical traits and disease, such as the complex trait of hypertension, to help advance precision medicine.
Asian perspective of capital market performance amid the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Adnan A.T.M. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the short-term capital markets' reactions to the public announcement first local detection of novel corona virus (COVID 19) cases in 12 major Asian capital markets.Design/methodology/approachUsing the constant mean return model and the market model, an event study methodology has been implied to determine the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of 10 pre and post-event trading days. The statistical significance of the data was assessed using both parametric and nonparametric test statistics.FindingsFirst discovery of local COVID 19 cases had a substantial impact on all 12 Asian markets on the event day, as shown by statistically significant negative average abnormal return (AAR) and cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR). The single factor ANOVA result has also demonstrated that there is no variability among 12 regional markets in terms of short-term market responses. Furthermore, there is little evidence that these major Asian stock market indices differ significantly from the FTSE All-World Index which might suggest possible spillover impact and co-integration among the major Asian capital markets. The study further discovers that market capitalization and liquidity did not have any significant impact on market reaction to announcement.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's contribution might have been compromised by the absence of socio-demographic, technical, financial and other significant policy factors from the analysis.Practical implicationsThese findings will be considerably helpful in tackling this unprecedented epidemic issue for personal and institutional investors, industrial and economic experts, government and policymakers in assessing the market in special circumstances, diversifying risk and developing financial and monetary policy proposals.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to examine the effects of local COVID 19 detection announcement on major Asian capital markets. This study will add to the literature by investigating unusual market returns generated by infectious illness outbreaks and the overall market efficiency and investors' behavioral pattern of major Asian capital markets.
The gradient discretisation method for the chemical reactions of biochemical systems
Authors: Alnashri Yahya , Alzubaidi Hasan 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to introduce the gradient discretisation method (GDM) to a system of reaction diffusion equations subject to non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Then, the authors show that the GDM provides a comprehensive convergence analysis of several numerical methods for the considered model. The convergence is established without non-physical regularity assumptions on the solutions.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors use the GDM to discretise a system of reaction diffusion equations with non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions.FindingsThe authors provide a generic convergence analysis of a system of reaction diffusion equations. The authors introduce a specific example of numerical scheme that fits in the gradient discretisation method. The authors conduct a numerical test to measure the efficiency of the proposed method.Originality/valueThis work provides a unified convergence analysis of several numerical methods for a system of reaction diffusion equations. The generic convergence is proved under the classical assumptions on the solutions.
Human resource competency 4.0 and its impact on Bank Indonesia employees' readiness for transformational change
Authors: Lubis Anggia Sari , Lumbanraja Prihatin , Absah Yeni , Silalahi Amlys Syahputra 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of factors that affect human resource competency (HRC) 4.0, employee readiness for transformational change as well as analyzing the mediating and moderating factors that influence the relationship of factors such as soft skills training and individual characteristics on employee readiness for transformational change and HRC 4.0.Design/methodology/approachThis research is a quantitative research with descriptive statistics. The analytical tool used is a structural equation model of partial least squares (PLS). This research was conducted at five Bank Indonesia Offices in Aceh and North Sumatra Provinces. Using a proportional random sampling technique, 200 respondents of employees were selected.FindingsThe results of this study are as follows: (1) both soft skill training and individual characteristics have a significant effect on HRC 4.0; (2) HRC 4.0, soft skill training and individual characteristic have a significant on employee readiness for transformational change; (3) soft skill training has significant effect on employee readiness for transformational change through HRC 4.0; (4) individual characteristic has a significant effect on employee readiness for transformational change through HRC 4.0; (5) the effect of HRC 4.0 on employee readiness for transformational change moderates by transformational leadership; (6) the effect of HRC 4.0 on employee readiness for transformational change moderates by employee commitment to change.Originality/valueThis research contains valuable novelty, which is a new concept of HRC 4.0 that is linked to soft skill training and individual characteristics variables, and employee readiness for transformational change. Furthermore, transformational leadership and employee commitment variables have significant effect in moderating the influence off HRC 4.0 on employee readiness for transformational change.
An examination of how personal characteristics moderate the relationship between startup intent and entrepreneurship education
Authors: Burch Tyler , Tocher Neil M. , Murphy Gregory 
Published: June 2022

PurposeWhile research has identified a consistent link between startup intent and entrepreneurship education (EE) intentions, studies also indicate that many entrepreneurs lack the EE they need. However, research examining factors that explain why certain individuals with high startup intent pursue EE while others do not is rare. Given this, the purpose of this paper is to examine how individual characteristics moderate the startup intent EE intentions relationship.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were gathered on 199 US adults. Moderators examined include attitudes toward education, perceived entrepreneurial efficacy, propensity for risk taking and the Big Five personality traits. Linear regression models were used to test each of the moderation relationships predicted.FindingsNotable findings suggest that extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, perceived entrepreneurial efficacy and risk propensity reduce the chances that individuals with high startup intent will pursue EE, while viewing education as instrumental enhances the relationship.Research limitations/implicationsStudy findings imply that EE programs might not be reaching critical target markets, suggest that EE programs might need to be modified to attract individuals with high startup intent and indicate that individual characteristics are key factors that determine why certain individuals with high startup intent pursue EE while others with the same desires do not pursue EE.Originality/valueThis study builds on previous work that looks at the relationship between startup intent and EE intentions by investigating how individual characteristics either amplify or diminish the relationship, increasing scholarly knowledge about why certain individuals with high startup intent pursue EE while others do not.
African experiences of doing PhDs abroad: negotiating careers within broader life considerations
Authors: Mcalpine Lynn , Chiramba Otilia Fortunate , Keane Matt 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Many nations, including African ones, view PhD graduates as a means to be more internationally competitive, and national policies may encourage outward mobility of potential PhDs, expecting that graduates on return will enhance the country’s capacity. Many studies of such mobility, as with studies of early career researchers generally, focus on their work-related experiences. That is, they do not incorporate the broader life considerations that can intersect with their work-career decisions. So, this study of 36 Africans who completed their PhDs abroad uses a framework that embedded an individual’s work within personal considerations, such as life goals, while not ignoring the structural factors, such as job availability, in play when making work-career decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a narrative methodology, with two stages of analysis: first of individual cases, then of patterns across individuals.

Findings
Multiple personal factors came to bear in negotiating the structural factors related to work and career. Moreover, there were multiple intersections between personal factors, and the influence of a factor ranged from sustaining through disrupting, highlighting the specific context-bounded nature of the thinking at the time of decision-making.

Research limitations/implications
This was a small-scale study with no intention to generalize to the broader population of African PhD holders. Rather but the goal was an in-depth examination of individual’s work within personal considerations to further conceptualize the understanding of career decision-making.

Practical implications
PhD programmes could encourage PhD students to consider the importance of life intentions and hopes in career decision-making and how careers evolve over time in light of structural and life factors.

Originality/value
Overall, participants demonstrated an intricate weighing of personal factors in making decisions as they also sought to negotiate different structural factors to advance their careers. Further, no other studies the authors are aware of report how the same interacting factors can have a sustaining through disrupting influence dependent on specific contexts, thus further revealing how nested contexts and personal factors co-influence the work-career decisions that each individual makes.
Colorado River Water Use and Climate: Model and Application
Authors: Booker James F. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWater availability to meet consumptive use demands over the next century in the Lower Basin of the Colorado River in the southwestern United States is considered under alternative climate and policy scenarios. Modeling reservoir storage and annual releases under scenario alternatives demonstrates that policy can only modestly mitigate losses from potential long run streamflow reductions. The major reservoirs Lake Powell and Lake Mead are treated as composite storage, and Upper Basin depletions are held constant over 97 annual periods beginning with calendar year 2020. Averaged over six climate change scenarios with mean inflow reductions of 22% (reaching 45% by end of century) estimated mean releases fall by 16% to 23% from year 2020 levels depending on decision scenario. Mean releases under the existing Law of the River are 6.1% below the benchmark decision scenario which uses a perfect forecast of future flows. This is largely the result of evaporation losses because reservoir storage across climate scenarios is about double that of the benchmark. In contrast, a decision scenario based on next year and future mean flow expectations shows a release reduction of only 2.6% below the benchmark, and a 2.8% decrease in standard deviation. Across the three decision scenarios, future reservoir storage is well below capacity in almost all years, and under the three higher impact climate scenarios mean storage across the century is only 35% to 40% of capacity.
Evaluation Methods and Indexes for Ultra‐deep Petroleum Reservoir Preservation with Case Studies
Authors: YUAN Yusong , WANG Guojian , HU Wenxuan , CHEN Shuping , WANG Xiaolin , ZOU Yu , WANG Xinpeng , ZHANG Rongqiang , HAO Yunqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFollowing consideration of the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and high in‐situ stress in ultra‐deep sedimentary basins, together with the existence of hydrocarbon phase state transformation, hydrocarbon‐water‐rock interaction and rock mechanical property transition at those depths, the evaluation index system for hydrocarbon preservation was established. The physical leakage evaluation indexes can be divided into three categories: the dynamic efficiency indexes of micro‐sealing, caprock integrity and natural gas diffusion. The chemical loss evaluation indexes can be divided into two categories: the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) index in marine gypsum‐bearing carbonate strata and the thermochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons (TOH) index in clastic strata. The slippage angle and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) are the key evaluation indexes in the evaluation of the integrity of shale caprocks. TSR intensity can be quantitatively calculated by use of the ZnPVT state parameter method. The TOH strength can be used to estimate the degree of hydrocarbon chemical loss, based on the TOH‐related authigenic calcite cement content or the degree of negative δ13C of authigenic calcite. For the evaluation of ultra‐deep preservation in specific areas, key indexes can be selected according to the local geological conditions, instead of all indexes needing to be evaluated for every scenario.
Process and Mechanisms of Deep Fluid Effects on Hydrocarbon Generation and Pore Space in Shale: A Case Study from the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan Section
Authors: MENG Qingqiang , PANG Qian , HU Guang , JIN Zhijun , ZHU Dongya , LIU Jiayi , ZHANG Chuanwen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeat carried by deep fluid might greatly affect hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale. Dyke intrusion carrying high levels of heat may be a means by which to explore the influence of deep fluid on shale reservoirs. This study evaluates hydrocarbon generation and analyzed the evolution of shale storage space in the third member of the Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan section, Hebei Province, based on experimental data such as TOC, SEM, VRo, low‐temperature N2 adsorption and high‐pressure mercury injection. The results show that the dyke intrusion reduced the shale TOC content drastically—by up to 77%—and also induced instantaneous hydrocarbon generation over a range about 1.4 times the thickness of the intrusion. Furthermore, the dyke intrusion might transform organic pores in surrounding shales into inorganic pores. There were two shale porosity peaks: one appeared when VRo = 2.0%, caused by the increase of organic pores as thermal maturity increased, the other occurred when the VRo value was between 3% and 4%, caused by the increase of inorganic mineral pores. It can be concluded that dyke intrusion can be an effective tool with which to study how deep fluid affects instantaneous hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale.