bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body fat differences among US youth aged 8–19 by race and Hispanic origin, 2011–2018
Authors: Martin Crescent B. , Stierman Bryan , Yanovski Jack A. , Hales Craig M. , Sarafrazi Neda , Ogden Cynthia L. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe association between body mass index (BMI) and adiposity differs by race/ethnicity.ObjectiveTo examine differences in adiposity by race/Hispanic origin among US youth and explore how those differences relate to differences in BMI using the most recent national data, including non‐Hispanic Asian youth.MethodsWeight, height and DXA‐derived fat mass index (FMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) from 6923 youth 8–19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 were examined. Age‐adjusted mean BMI, FMI and %BF were reported. Sex‐specific linear regression models predicting %BF and FMI were adjusted for age, BMI category and BMI category*race/Hispanic origin interaction.Results%BF was highest among Hispanic males (28.2%) and females (35.7%). %BF was lower among non‐Hispanic Black (23.9%) compared with non‐Hispanic White (26.0%) and non‐Hispanic Asian (26.6%) males. There was no difference between non‐Hispanic Black females (32.7%) and non‐Hispanic White (33.2%) or non‐Hispanic Asian (32.7%) females. FMI was higher among Hispanic youth compared with non‐Hispanic White youth. Among youth with underweight/healthy weight, predicted %BF and FMI were lower among non‐Hispanic Black males (−2.8%; −0.5) and females (−2.0%; −0.3), compared with non‐Hispanic White youth, and higher among Hispanic males (0.9%; 0.2) and females (2.0%; 0.5), while %BF but not FMI was higher among non‐Hispanic Asian males (1.3%) and females (1.4%). Among females with obesity, non‐Hispanic Asian females had lower %BF (−2.3%) and FMI (−1.7) than non‐Hispanic White females.ConclusionsDifferences in %BF and FMI by race/Hispanic origin were not consistent by BMI category among US youth in 2011–2018.
Comparative oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy in men with clinical T3b prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Wonchul , Lim Bumjin , Kyung Yoon Soo , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo compare oncological outcomes in men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy or a combination of radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy.MethodsMen with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy between 2007 and 2014 were evaluated. All patients were relatively healthy, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 without nodal or distant metastasis. Cancer‐specific survival was analyzed. Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, biopsy Gleason score and pretreatment prostate‐specific antigen were adjusted by propensity score matching. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess factors prognostic of cancer‐specific survival.ResultsOf the 152 patients with clinical T3b prostate cancer, 45 underwent radical prostatectomy, and 107 underwent radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy between 2007 and 2014. The mean cancer‐specific survival was significantly longer in the radical prostatectomy than in the radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy group (P = 0.029). Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index and pretreatment prostate‐specific antigen were significantly higher in the radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy group. In the propensity score matched population of 24 patients each, the median cancer‐specific survival remained significantly longer in the radical prostatectomy than in the radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy group (not reached vs 112.93 ± 11.94 months, P = 0.026). Multivariate analysis showed that undergoing radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy was the only significant poor prognostic factor for cancer‐specific survival (hazard ratio 6.694, 95% confidence interval 1.642–27.592, P = 0.008).ConclusionCancer‐specific survival was significantly longer in men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy than radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy, suggesting that radical prostatectomy can be a better treatment option for the initial definitive treatment for these patients.
Exploration of the occupational and personal dimensions impacted by theCOVID‐19 pandemic for nurses: A qualitative analysis of survey responses
Authors: Marceau Mélanie , Ledoux Isabelle , Lavoie Stéphan , Benyamina Douma Nabiha , Mailhot‐Bisson Didier , Gosselin Émilie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the occupational and personal life dimensions that have been impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic for registered nurses (RN) and licensed practical nurses (LPN).DesignQualitative interpretive description approach.MethodsBetween July and September 2020, a web‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among RNs and LPNs in Quebec, Canada. Included in this survey was an open‐ended question allowing nurses to describe the occupational and personal life dimensions that were impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data from this open‐ended question. Reporting followed the Standards For Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).ResultsOf the 1860 survey respondents, 774 RNs and 43 LPNs responded to the open‐ended question (totaln = 819). For the occupational dimension, six themes were identified: impacts of infection control on work, change in daily work tasks, offloading and reorganization of care, deterioration of working conditions, increased stress at work and issues related to the profession. For the personal dimension, four themes were found: impacts on the family, dealing with changes about leisure and personal life, impacts on physical and psychological health.ConclusionKnowing the dimensions affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic could help to identifying appropriate interventions to support RNs and LPNs.ImpactThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted the occupational and personal lives RNs and LPNs working in the Quebec healthcare system. More specifically, Quebec's nurses experienced a major reorganization of care generated by important government decisions. Knowing how the pandemic affected different life dimensions will help in the development of support adapted to nurses' realities. Even in a pandemic context, improvements in the work environment or appropriate support could lead to an improved psychological health for nurses.
Investigating the pedagogies of screen‐sharing in contemporary learning environments—A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Stevenson Michael , Lai Jennifer W. M. , Bower Matt 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundScreen‐sharing technologies enable applications such as screen mirroring, video streaming and instant messaging across multiple device screens. Despite their increasing use in many contemporary classrooms, there is a paucity of research directly examining pedagogical benefits and issues of these technologies.ObjectivesThis study investigated the influence of screen‐sharing technologies on teachers' practices, highlighting pedagogical benefits and issues encountered.MethodsThe paper drew on a sample of 321 K‐12 teachers and utilised principal components analysis, descriptive statistics and inductive coding.Results and ConclusionsTeachers reported greater mobility, increased ease of content sharing and deeper learner cognition as attributes of improved learning and teaching with the technologies. However, a minority highlighted technical issues such as network and hardware problems affecting their confidence. Despite increased mobility as an affordance, teachers' perceptions about mobility largely appeared to be predicated on assumptions that the technologies were intended for didactic instruction.TakeawaysThe study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of screen‐sharing affordances while underscoring learner‐led screensharing as a focus for future research and practice.
Perpendicular catheter orientation during papillary muscle ablation results in larger, deeper lesions
Authors: Nussinovitch Udi , Wang Paul , Narayan Sanjiv , Viswanathan Mohan , Badhwar Nitish , Zheng Lijun , Sauer William H. , Nguyen Duy T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionAblation of papillary muscles (PMs) for refractory ventricular arrhythmias can often be challenging. The catheter approach and orientation during ablation may affect optimal radiofrequency (RF) delivery. Yet, no previous study investigated the association between catheter orientation and PM lesion size. We evaluated ablation lesion characteristics with various catheter orientations relative to the PM tissue during open irrigated ablation, using a standardized, experimental setting.MethodsViable bovine PM was positioned on a load cell in a circulating saline bath. RF ablation was performed over PM tissue at 50 W, with the open irrigated catheter positioned either perpendicular or parallel to the PM surface. Applied force was 10 g. Ablation lesions were sectioned and underwent quantitative morphometric analysis.ResultsA catheter position oriented directly perpendicular to the PM tissue resulted in the largest ablation lesion volumes and depths compared with ablation with the catheter parallel to PM tissue (75.26 ± 8.40 mm3 vs. 34.04 ± 2.91 mm3, p < .001) and (3.33 ± 0.18 mm vs. 2.24 ± 0.10 mm, p < .001), respectively. There were no significant differences in initial impedance, peak voltage, peak current, or overall decrease in impedance among groups. Parallel catheter orientation resulted in higher peak temperature (41.33 ± 0.28°C vs. 40.28 ± 0.24°C, p = .003), yet, there were no steam pops in either group.ConclusionFor PM ablation, catheter orientation perpendicular to the PM tissue achieves more effective and larger ablation lesions, with greater lesion depth. This may have implications for the chosen ventricular access approach, the type of catheter used, consideration for remote navigation, and steerable sheaths.
The inverse association between a fish consumption biomarker and gingival inflammation and periodontitis: A population‐based study
Authors: Ottosson Filip , Hultgren Lina , Fernandez Celine , Engström Gunnar , Orho‐Melander Marju , Kennbäck Cecilia , Persson Margaretha , Demmer Ryan T. , Melander Olle , Klinge Björn , Nilsson Peter M. , Jönsson Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe metabolite 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropionic acid (CMPF) is a fatty fish–intake biomarker. We investigated the association between plasma levels of CMPF in relation to gingival inflammation and periodontitis case definition, as well as the extent and severity variables.Materials and MethodsThe Malmö Offspring Study is a population‐based study, and the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) is its dental arm, including periodontal charting. Plasma CMPF was measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and studied in relation to periodontal diagnosis and parameters using multivariable linear or logistic regression modelling adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, fasting glucose, and smoking.ResultsMetabolite data were available for 922 MODS participants. Higher CMPF levels were associated with less gingival inflammation (β = −2.12,p = .002) and lower odds of severe periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56 to 0.98). Higher CMPF levels were also associated with more teeth (β = 0.19,p = .001), lower number of periodontal pockets (≥4 mm) (β = −1.07,p = .007), and lower odds of having two or more periodontal pockets of ≥6 mm (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.98) in fully adjusted models.ConclusionsCMPF, a validated biomarker of fatty fish consumption, is associated with less periodontal inflammation and periodontitis. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out, and future studies are warranted.
A comparative analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and fall risk in older adults
Authors: Haddad Yara K. , Kakara Ramakrishna , Marcum Zachary A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOne in five older adults (age 65+) uses an antidepressant medication. However, little is known about how fall risk differs between commonly prescribed medications. We examine the comparative association between individual selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and self‐reported falls in older adults.MethodsWe used data from 2010–2017 Medicare Current Beneficiary Surveys, a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries. We included participants from three different panels surveyed over two successive years. Participants were limited to community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries 65+, enrolled in Medicare Part D, and taking an SSRI (n = 1023) during baseline years. Participants were asked about demographic and health characteristics, medication use (including dose, frequency, duration of use) and self‐reported falls as any fall or recurrent falls in the past year. We compared individual SSRI (citalopram or escitalopram vs sertraline) use by the average monthly total standardized daily dose (TSDD) and self‐reported falling, controlling for potential confounders. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted using SAS‐callable SUDAAN.ResultsCitalopram/escitalopram (n = 460 users; 45.0% of all SSRI users) and sertraline (n = 294 users; 28.7% of all SSRI users) were the most commonly prescribed SSRIs. Overall, 36.3% of citalopram/escitalopram users and 39.4% of sertraline users reported a fall in the year following medication use. There were no statistically significant differences between sertraline and citalopram/escitalopram users of either low or medium TSDD levels in the risk of self‐reported any or recurrent falls. However, users of high TSDD of sertraline (>75 mg) had a lower risk of recurrent falls compared to high TSDD citalopram (>30 mg) or escitalopram (>15 mg) daily for 30 days.ConclusionThese findings suggest a potential comparative safety benefit of sertraline compared to citalopram/escitalopram at high doses related to recurrent falls. Additional comparative studies of individual antidepressants may better inform fall risk management and prescribing for older adults.
Efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid fillers for lip augmentation in a Chinese population
Authors: Guo Yanping , Wei Wuhan , Li Qiang , Tao Changbo , Li Xueyang , Zhang Aijun , Jin Peisheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) is an effective dermal filler for facial rejuvenation. This study aimed to observe the clinical efficacy of HA injection for lip augmentation in Chinese patients.MethodsFrom May 2019 to April 2020, 70 patients with lip fullness scale (LPS) ≤3 underwent local HA injection using the “three‐point” injection technique. All patients were followed up to observe the clinical efficacy, LPS, adverse events, and complications.ResultsAll 70 patients were followed up for 12 months. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the height of lips within 6–9 months post‐treatment (p < 0.05). The LFS improved significantly at follow‐up compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Local redness occurred in two patients, and serious swelling occurred in three patients. These adverse events were generally tolerated and disappeared gradually within 1 week. No other serious adverse events and complications were reported in the remaining patients.ConclusionsHyaluronic acid injection can be used for lip augmentation in the Chinese population. The “three‐point” technique is simple, safe, and effective and does not cause serious complications.
Mechanical dilatation of the stenosed cervix under local anesthesia: A prospective case series
Authors: Biggs Kirsty V. , Soo Hoo San , Kodampur Mallikarjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimCervical stenosis is traditionally managed by mechanical dilatation under general anesthesia (GA). We aimed to assess the safety, effectiveness, and patient acceptability of dilatation in the outpatient setting under local anesthesia (LA).MethodsData were collected prospectively from all patients attending the outpatient department with cervical stenosis from March 20, 2015 to September 23, 2020. Mechanical dilatation of the cervix was performed using Hegar dilators under LA. Subsequent colposcopic assessment, cytology, histology, and management were recorded.ResultsOne hundred forty‐nine cases were referred for cervical dilatation, 63 (43%) of which had complete stenosis. One hundred eighteen (79%) patients had previously undergone cervical procedures. Successful dilatation under LA was achieved in 119 (83%) patients; 5 (3%) declined (requesting GA), 6 (4%) did not tolerate speculum examination, and 19 (13%) had unsuccessful procedures. The median Hegar size used was 8 mm. Dilatation under LA was acceptable in 93% attempted procedures. Thirteen episodes of restenosis were recorded with no major adverse events. Younger age (p = 0.045) and severe (compared to complete) stenosis (p < 0.0001) were associated with procedure success, with improved results over time (p = 0.003). Successful dilatation permitted cervical assessment; eight patients required cervical excisions, two underwent hysterectomies, with one confirmed case of adenocarcinoma.ConclusionRigid cervical dilatation in the outpatient setting provides effective, instantaneous treatment for women who have failed cytological or colposcopic assessment. For the vast majority of women, the procedure was well tolerated and preferred to using GA. However, given that 1 in 10 women experienced restenosis, patients should be counseled about the possibility of requiring further management.
The distribution of the desert meteorites in China and their classification
Authors: Fan Yan , Li Shijie , Liu Shen , Peng Hao , Song Guangming , Smith Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, numerous meteorites have been collected in desert areas in northern and western China. We describe the environment of some deserts in this region, and the petrological and mineralogical characteristics of 49 of the recovered ordinary chondrites. They consist of 14 H chondrites, 33 L chondrites, and 2 LL chondrites. Of the 300 desert meteorites with approved names from deserts in China, there have been 287 ordinary chondrites, six iron meteorites, one CO3 chondrite, one diogenite, one ureilite, one brachinite, one eucrite, and one EL7 chondrite. Forty‐two dense meteorite collection areas (DCAs) have been defined, mainly located in northern and western China. The meteorites collected are mainly from the Kumtag DCA, followed by the Alatage Mountain, Loulan Yizhi, Hami, and Lop Nur DCAs. After tentative pairing of the meteorites, we estimate that the ordinary chondrites account for 72% of the desert meteorites collected in China, with 63 H chondrites, 133 L chondrites, and 20 LL chondrites. This dominance of L chondrites contrasts with other deserts, which may result from the insufficient collection or bias in pairing of ordinary chondrites. The mass distribution of meteorites from different DCAs in China is consistent with that from DCAs in Africa. Based on the available information and the meteorite flux model proposed by previous studies, we suggest that the time over which meteorites have been accumulated in the southern Hami DCA might be >10 kyr. Therefore, the southern Hami region is currently the most suitable area for meteorite collection in China.
OsADK1, a novel kinase regulating arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice
Authors: Guo Rui , Wu Ya‐Nan , Liu Cheng‐Chen , Liu Ying‐Na , Tian Li , Cheng Jian‐Fei , Pan Zhiyong , Wang Dong , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on the formation of arbuscules for efficient nutrient exchange between plants and AM fungi. In this study, we identified a novel kinase gene in rice named OsADK1 (Arbuscule Development Kinase 1) that is required for arbuscule development.

By obtaining OsADK1pro::GUS transgenic rice plants and also generating Osadk1 mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, OsADK1 was revealed to be specifically induced in the arbusculated cortical cells and mutations in OsADK1 resulted in an extremely low colonisation rate (c. 3%) of rice roots by AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis.

In the mutant roots, the very few observed arbuscules nearly all arrested at an early ‘trunk‐forming’ phase without forming any branches. Increasing the inoculum strength of AM fungus or cocultivation with a wild‐type nurse plant did not result in the rescue of the arbuscule phenotype. Transcriptome sequencing of both nursed and un‐nursed Osadk1 mutants then revealed that the mutation of OsADK1 could greatly affect the AM symbiotic programme, including many key transcription factors such as RAM1 and WRI5.

OsADK1 therefore represents a new rice kinase that is required for arbuscule branching. Its identification opens a new window to explore the elaborate signal transduction pathway that determines arbuscule development during plant–fungus symbiosis.
Deuterium in marine organic biomarkers: toward a new tool for quantifying aquatic mixotrophy
Authors: Cormier Marc‐André , Berard Jean‐Baptiste , Bougaran Gaël , Trueman Clive N. , Mayor Daniel J. , Lampitt Richard S. , Kruger Nicholas J. , Flynn Kevin J. , Rickaby Rosalind E. M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe traditional separation between primary producers (autotrophs) and consumers (heterotrophs) at the base of the marine food web is being increasingly replaced by the paradigm that mixoplankton, planktonic protists with the nutritional ability to use both phago(hetero)trophy and photo(auto)trophy to access energy are widespread globally. Thus, many ‘phytoplankton’ eat, while 50% of ‘protozooplankton’ also perform photosynthesis. Mixotrophy may enhance primary production, biomass transfer to higher trophic levels and the efficiency of the biological pump to sequester atmospheric CO2 into the deep ocean. Although this view is gaining traction, science lacks a tool to quantify the relative contributions of autotrophy and heterotrophy in planktonic protists. This hinders our understanding of their impacts on carbon cycling within marine pelagic ecosystems. It has been shown that the hydrogen (H) isotopic signature of lipids is uniquely sensitive to heterotrophy relative to autotrophy in plants and bacteria. Here, we explored whether it is also sensitive to the trophic status in protists. The new understanding of H isotope signature of lipid biomarkers suggests it offers great potential as a novel tool for quantifying the prevalence of mixotrophy in diverse marine microorganisms and thus for investigating the implications of the ‘mixoplankton’ paradigm.