bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate‐induced habitat suitability changes intensify fishing impacts on the life history of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhou Xijie , Chen Jiajie , Xie Bin , Huang Lingfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntense fishing pressure and climate change are major threats to the fish population and coastal fisheries. Larimichthys crocea (large yellow croaker) is a long‐lived fish, which performs seasonal migrations from its spawning and nursery grounds along the coast of the East China Sea (ECS) to overwintering grounds offshore. This study used length‐based analysis and habitat suitability index (HSI) model to evaluate the current life‐history parameters and overwintering habitat suitability of L. crocea, respectively. We compared recent (2019) and historical (1971–1982) life‐history parameters and overwintering HSI to analyze the fishing pressure and climate change effects on the overall population and overwintering phase of L. crocea. The length‐based analysis indicated serious overfishing of L. crocea, characterized by reduced catch, size truncation, constrained distribution, and advanced maturation causing a recruitment bottleneck. The overwintering HSI modeling results indicated that climate change has led to decreased sea surface temperature during L. crocea overwintering phase over the last half‐century, which in turn led to area decrease and an offshore‐oriented shifting of optimal overwintering habitat of L. crocea. The fishing‐caused size truncation may have constrained the migratory ability, and distribution of L. crocea subsequently led to the mismatch of the optimal overwintering habitat against climate change background, namely habitat bottleneck. Hence, while heavy fishing was the major cause of L. crocea collapse, climate‐induced overwintering habitat suitability may have intensified the fishery collapse of L. crocea population. It is important for management to consider both overfishing and climate change issues when developing stock enhancement activities and policy regulations, particularly for migratory long‐lived fish that share a similar life history to L. crocea. Combined with China's current restocking and stock enhancement initiatives, we propose recommendations for the future restocking of L. crocea in China.
Dispersal without drivers: Intrinsic and extrinsic variables have no impact on movement distances in a terrestrial amphibian
Authors: Jreidini Nathalie , Green David M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDispersive movements are often thought to be multicausal and driven by individual body size, sex, conspecific density, environmental variation, personality, and/or other variables. Yet such variables often do not account for most of the variation among dispersive movements in nature, leaving open the possibility that dispersion may be indeterministic. We assessed the amount of variation in 24 h movement distances that could be accounted for by potential drivers of displacement with a large empirical dataset of movement distances performed by Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) on the northern shore of Lake Erie at Long Point, Ontario (2002–2021, incl.). These toads are easy to sample repeatedly, can be identified individually and move parallel to the shoreline as they forage at night, potentially dispersing to new refuge sites. Using a linear mixed‐effect model that incorporated random effect terms to account for sampling variance and inter‐annual variation, we found that all potential intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of movement accounted for virtually none of the variation observed among 24 h distances moved by these animals, whether over short or large spatial scales. We examined the idea of movement personality by testing variance per individual toad and found no evidence of individuality in movement distances. We conclude that deterministic variables, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, neither can be shown to nor are necessary to drive movements in this population over all spatial scales. Stochastic, short time‐scale movements, such as daily foraging movements, can instead accumulate over time to produce large spatial‐scale movements that are dispersive in nature.
Antelope space‐use and behavior indicate multilevel responses to varying anthropogenic influences in a highly human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Jha Rohit Raj , Isvaran Kavita 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA primary means of conserving a species or a habitat in a human‐dominated landscape is through promoting coexistence with humans while minimizing conflict. For this, we should understand how wildlife is impacted by direct and indirect human activities. Such information is rare in areas with high human densities. To investigate how animals respond to altered ecological conditions in human‐dominated landscapes, we focused on a wild herbivore of conservation concern in the Krishnasaar Conservation Area (KrCA) in Nepal. Here, blackbuck Antilope cervicapra, a generalist grazer, lives in refugia located with a growing human population. We studied the impacts of humans on habitat use and behavior of blackbuck. We laid 250 × 250 m grid cells in the entire KrCA and carried out indirect sign surveys with three replications for habitat use assessment. We observed herds of blackbuck for 89 h in different habitat types using scan sampling methods. Our habitat‐use survey showed that habitats under intensive human use were hardly used by blackbuck, even when high‐quality forage was available. Habitat openness was the major predictor of habitat use inside the core area, where levels of human activities were low. We also found a positive correlation between habitat use by blackbuck and livestock. Blackbuck were substantially more vigilant when they were in forest than in grassland, again indicating an influence of risk. Overall, blackbuck appear to be sensitive to the risk associated with both natural and anthropogenic factors. Our findings have direct implications for managing human–wildlife interactions in this landscape, specifically regarding strategies for livestock grazing in habitats highly used by blackbuck and concerning predictions of how changing land use will impact the long‐term persistence of blackbuck. Our work suggests that wild herbivores may be able to persist in landscapes with high human densities so long as there are refuges where human activities are relatively low.
Animal use of fence crossings in southwestern rangelands
Authors: Zoromski Lisa D. , DeYoung Randy W. , Goolsby John A. , Foley Aaron M. , Ortega‐Santos Jose A. , Hewitt David G. , Campbell Tyler A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNet‐wire fencing built to confine livestock is common on rangelands in the Southwestern USA, yet the impacts of livestock fencing on wildlife are largely unknown. Many wildlife species cross beneath fences at defined crossing locations because they prefer to crawl underneath rather than jump over fences. Animals occasionally become entangled jumping or climbing over fences, leading to injury or death. More commonly, repeated crossings under net‐wire fencing by large animals lead to fence damage, though the damage is often tolerated by landowners until the openings affect the ability to enclose livestock. The usage, placement, characteristics, and passage rates of fence crossings beneath net‐wire fencing are poorly understood. We monitored 20 randomly selected fence crossings on net‐wire livestock fencing across two study sites on rangelands in South Texas, USA, from April 2018 to March 2019. We assessed the characteristics of fence‐crossing locations (openings beneath the fence created by animals to aid in crossing) and quantified crossing rates and the probability of crossing by all species of animals via trail cameras. We documented 10,889 attempted crossing events, with 58% (n = 6271) successful. Overall, 15 species of medium‐ and large‐size mammals and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) contributed to crossing events. Crossing locations received 3–4 crossing attempts per day on average, but the number of attempts and probability of successful crossing varied by location and fence condition. The probability of crossing attempts was most consistently influenced by the opening size of the crossing and season; as crossing size (opening) increased, the probability of successful crossing significantly increased for all species. Peaks in crossing activity corresponded with species' daily and seasonal movements and activity. The density and size of fence‐crossing locations were dependent on fence maintenance and not associated with vegetation communities or habitat variables. However, crossing locations were often re‐established in the same locations after fence repairs. This is one of the few studies to monitor how all animal species present interacted with net‐wire livestock fencing in rangelands. Our results will help land managers understand the impact of net‐wire livestock fencing on animal movement.
Emergence of highly profibrotic and proinflammatory Lrat + Fbln2 + HSC subpopulation in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Balog Steven , Fujiwara Reika , Pan Stephanie Q. , El‐Baradie Khairat B. , Choi Hye Yeon , Sinha Sonal , Yang Qihong , Asahina Kinji , Chen Yibu , Li Meng , Salomon Matthew , Ng Stanley W.‐K. , Tsukamoto Hidekazu 
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:
Relative roles of HSCs and portal fibroblasts in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are unknown. We aimed to identify subpopulations of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1)–expressing cells in a mouse AH model by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and filtering the cells with the HSC (lecithin retinol acyltransferase [Lrat]) and portal fibroblast (Thy‐1 cell surface antigen [Thy1] and fibulin 2 [Fbln2]) markers and vitamin A (VitA) storage.

Approach and Results:
Col1a1–green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice underwent AH, CCl4, and bile duct ligation (BDL) procedures to have comparable F1‐F2 liver fibrosis. Col1a1‐expressing cells were sorted via FACS by VitA autofluorescence and GFP for single‐cell RNA sequencing. In AH, approximately 80% of Lrat+Thy1−Fbln2− activated HSCs were VitA‐depleted (vs. ~13% in BDL and CCl4). Supervised clustering identified a subset co‐expressing Lrat and Fbln2 (Lrat+Fbln2+), which expanded 44‐fold, 17‐fold, and 1.3‐fold in AH, BDL, and CCl4. Lrat+Fbln2+ cells had 3–15‐times inductions of profibrotic, myofibroblastic, and immunoregulatory genes versus Lrat+Fbln2− cells, but 2–4‐times repressed HSC‐selective genes. AH activated HSCs had up‐regulated inflammatory (chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 2 [Cxcl2], chemokine [C‐C motif] ligand 2), antimicrobial (Il‐33, Zc3h12a), and antigen presentation (H2‐Q6, H2‐T23) genes versus BDL and CCl4. Computational deconvolution of AH versus normal human bulk‐liver RNA‐sequencing data supported an expansion of LRAT+FBLN2+ cells in AH; AH patient liver immunohistochemistry showed FBLN2 staining along fibrotic septa enriched with LRAT+ cells; and in situ hybridization confirmed co‐expression of FBLN2 with CXCL2 and/or human leukocyte antigen E in patient AH. Finally, HSC tracing in Lrat‐Cre;Rosa26mTmG mice detected GFP+FBLN2+ cells in AH.

Conclusion:
A highly profibrotic, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory Lrat+Fbln2+ subpopulation emerges from HSCs in AH and may contribute to the inflammatory and immunoreactive nature of AH.
ESASeedPARAM: A seed treatment model for threatened and endangered bird species in the United States
Authors: Moore Dwayne R. J. , Priest Colleen D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The USEPA, National Marine Fisheries Service, and Fish and Wildlife Service are required to assess the risks of pesticides undergoing registration or reregistration to threatened and endangered (i.e., listed) species. Currently, the USEPA lacks a refined model to assess the risks of seed treatments to listed bird species. We developed the Endangered Species Assessment Seed Treatment Probabilistic Avian Risk Assessment Model (ESASeedPARAM) to incorporate species-specific diets, body weights, and food ingestion rates for potentially exposed listed bird species. The model also incorporates information on dissipation of seed residues after planting, and metabolism and elimination by birds during exposure. The ESASeedPARAM estimates hourly intake from ingestion of treated seeds for up to 50 days after planting. For each simulated bird, maximum retained dose (= body burden) and maximum rolling average total daily intake are estimated for acute and chronic exposure, respectively. The model is probabilistic and estimates exposure and risk for 20 birds on each of 1000 fields. The model accounts for interfield variation in the amount of waste grain on the soil surface in tilled, reduced till, and untilled fields. To estimate the fate of each bird from acute exposure, a random value is selected from the appropriate dose–response relationship and compared with the maximum retained dose. If acute exposure exceeds the randomly chosen effects value, mortality is assumed. For chronic risk, the most sensitive No Observed Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) and Lowest Observed Adverse Effects Level (LOAEL) for an apical endpoint (survival, growth, reproduction) are compared with maximum rolling average total daily intake. In this article, we describe a case study conducted with the ESASeedPARAM for imidacloprid used as a seed treatment on wheat and soybean. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:527–546. © 2022 SETAC
Breech delivery in low‐income settings: A systematic review of perinatal and maternal outcomes in vaginal versus cesarean breech deliveries
Authors: Sorensen Herman A. , Obel Josephine , Schroll Jeppe B. , Krebs Lone 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost studies comparing vaginal breech delivery (VBD) with cesarean breech delivery (CBD) have been conducted in high‐income settings. It is uncertain whether these results are applicable in a low‐income setting. To assess the neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity for singleton VBD compared to CBD in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income settings,the PubMed database was searched from January 1, 2000, to January 23, 2020 (updated April 21, 2021). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs comparing singleton VBD with singleton CBD in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income settings reporting infant mortality were selected. Two authors independently assessed papers for eligibility and risk of bias. The primary outcome was relative risk of perinatal mortality. Meta‐analysis was conducted on applicable outcomes. Eight studies (one RCT, seven observational) (12 510 deliveries) were included. VBD increased perinatal mortality (relative risk [RR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–3.91; one RCT, five observational studies, 3289 women) and risk of 5‐minute Apgar score below 7 (RR 3.91, 95% CI 1.90–8.04; three observational studies, 430 women) compared to CBD. There was a higher risk of hospitalization and postpartum bleeding in CBD. Most of the studies were deemed to have moderate or serious risk of bias. CBD decreases risk of perinatal mortality but increases risk of bleeding and hospitalization.
Using machine learning models to predict HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients receiving pegylated interferon‐α monotherapy
Authors: Shang Hongyan , Hu Yuhai , Guo Hongyan , Lai Ruimin , Fu Ya , Xu Siyi , Zeng Yongbin , Xun Zhen , Liu Can , Wu Wennan , Guo Jianhui , Ou Qishui , Chen Tianbin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThough there are many advantages of pegylated interferon‐α (PegIFN‐α) treatment to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, the response rate of PegIFN‐α is only 30 ~ 40%. Therefore, it is important to explore predictors at baseline and establish models to improve the response rate of PegIFN‐α.MethodsWe randomly divided 260 HBeAg‐positive CHB patients who were not previously treated and received PegIFN‐α monotherapy (180 μg/week) into a training dataset (70%) and testing dataset (30%). The intersect features were extracted from 50 routine laboratory variables using the recursive feature elimination method algorithm, Boruta algorithm, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Regression algorithm in the training dataset. After that, based on the intersect features, eight machine learning models including Logistic Regression, k‐Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Naïve Bayes were applied to evaluate HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg‐positive CHB patients receiving PegIFN‐α monotherapy in the training dataset and testing dataset.ResultsXGBoost model showed the best performance, which had largest AUROC (0.900, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95 and 0.910, 95% CI: 0.84–0.98, in training dataset and testing dataset, respectively), and the best calibration curve performance to predict HBeAg seroconversion. The importance of XGBoost model indicated that treatment time contributed greatest to HBeAg seroconversion, followed by HBV DNA(log), HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb, ALT, triglyceride, and ALP.ConclusionsXGBoost model based on common laboratory variables had good performance in predicting HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg‐positive CHB patients receiving PegIFN‐α monotherapy.
Risk factors for carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales infection among hospitalized patients with previous colonization
Authors: Chen Xia , Zhou Mao , Yan Qun , Jian Zijuan , Liu Wenen , Li Hongling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify the risk factors for subsequent carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in patients with initial rectal colonization with CRE.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case–control study on inpatients with rectal CRE colonization between January 2019 and December 2020. Clinical and microbiological data were extracted from hospital patients' medical records and the clinical microbiology laboratory. Risk factors were assessed and compared between patients with CRE colonization who had subsequent infections and those who did not have infections.ResultsAmong 1064 patients screened for CRE, we enrolled 205 patients with rectal CRE colonization. Among the 205 colonized bacteria, 78.5% were Klebsiella pneumoniae, with 62.9% of them producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that more than three times hospitalization (p = 0.026), being in a coma (p = 0.019), and exposure to carbapenems (p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for CRE clinical infection among CRE rectal carriers.ConclusionThis is the first study to report that more than three times hospitalization is an independent risk factor for subsequent CRE clinical infection in CRE intestinal carriers. Carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important species isolated from hospitalized CRE rectal carriers and is the most common cause of subsequent infections.
Zinc transporter LIV1: A promising cell surface target for triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Saravanan Roshni , Balasubramanian Vaishnavi , Swaroop Balamurugan Srikanth Swamy , Ezhil Inemai , Afnaan Zeba , John Jisha , Sundaram Sandhya , Gouthaman Shanmugasundaram , Pakala Suresh B. , Rayala Suresh Kumar , Venkatraman Ganesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the leading causes contributing to the global cancer burden. The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) molecular subtype accounts for the most aggressive type. Despite progression in therapeutic options and prognosis in breast cancer treatment options, there remains a high rate of distant relapse. With advancements in understanding the role of zinc and zinc carriers in the prognosis and treatment of the disease, the scope of precision treatment/targeted therapy has been expanded. Zinc levels and zinc transporters play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, tumor surveillance, apoptosis, and immune function. This review focuses on the zinc transporter, LIV1, as an essential target for breast cancer prognosis and emerging treatment options. Previous studies give an insight into the role of LIV1 in fulfilling the most important hallmarks of cancer such as apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, and evading the immune system. Normal tissue expression of LIV1 is limited. Higher expression of LIV1 has been linked to Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition, histological grade of cancer, and early node metastasis. LIV1 was found to be one of the attractive targets in the therapeutic hunt for TNBCs. TNBCs are an immunogenic breast cancer subtype. As zinc transporters are known to serve as the metabolic gatekeepers of immune cells, this review bridges tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TNBC and LIV1. In addition, the suitability of LIV1 as an antibody‐drug conjugate (Seattle genetics [SGN]‐LIV1A) target in TNBC, represents a promising strategy for patients. Early clinical trial results reveal that this novel agent reduces tumor burden by inducing mitotic arrest, immunomodulation, and immunogenic cell death, warranting further investigation of SGN‐LIV1A in combination with immuno‐oncology agents. Priming the patient's immune response in combination with SGN‐LIV1A could eventually change the landscape for the TNBC patient population.
One week of maternal separation induces more frequent, but less predictable, maternal caregiving behaviors
Authors: Granata Lauren , Gluck Ayalah , Parakoyi Abigail , Brenhouse Heather 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRodent models of early life adversity disrupt typical interactions between dams and offspring, impacting pup development over the lifespan. Predictability of caregiver interactions is a critical feature of the environment, and unpredictability is associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits in offspring. In the maternal separation (MS) paradigm, dams are not able to engage with pups while they are separated, and maternal care is impacted even after pups and dams are reunited. Using a 3.5‐h daily MS protocol in rats, the present study sought to compare diurnal patterns of maternal behavior, specifically predictability and fragmentation of care, between MS‐ and control‐reared dams. Three observation periods were assessed (1430, 2330, and 0830) between postnatal days 8–9. Frequencies and durations of maternal behaviors were measured, including pup‐directed licking/grooming, arched‐back and passive nursing, and carrying pups, as well as non‐pup‐directed self‐grooming, rearing, burrowing, nest‐building, and eating. The frequency of nest entries was interpreted as a measure of fragmentation, and entropy rate was calculated from transitional probability matrices to measure predictability of maternal behavioral sequences. After dam‐pup reunion, MS dams engaged in more bouts of nursing and licking/grooming and more nest entries, and behavioral sequences were less predictable than control dams. MS‐induced enhancement of care is a replication of previous research, but unpredictability and fragmented care during MS is a novel finding, as these measures have not been previously reported for MS.
Deep learning phase‐field model for brittle fractures
Authors: Ghaffari Motlagh Yousef , Jimack Peter K. , de Borst René 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present deep learning phase‐field models for brittle fracture. A variety of physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) techniques, for example, original PINNs, variational PINNs (VPINNs), and variational energy PINNs (VE‐PINNs) are utilized to solve brittle phase‐field problems. The performance of the different versions is investigated in detail. Also, different ways of imposing boundary conditions are examined and are compared with a self‐adaptive PINNs approach in terms of computational cost. Furthermore, the data‐driven discovery of the phase‐field length scale is examined. Finally, several numerical experiments are conducted to assess the accuracy and the limitations of the discussed deep learning schemes for crack propagation in two dimensions. We show that results can be highly sensitive to parameter choices within the neural network.