bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay of Leakage Radiation and Protection in Topological Photonic Crystal Cavities
Authors: Barczyk René , Parappurath Nikhil , Arora Sonakshi , Bauer Thomas , Kuipers Laurens , Verhagen Ewold 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe introduction of topological concepts to the design of photonic crystal cavities holds great promise for applications in integrated photonics due to the prospect of topological protection. This study examines the signatures of topological light confinement in the leakage radiation of 2D topological photonic crystal cavities. The cavities are implemented in an all‐dielectric platform that features the photonic quantum spin Hall effect at telecom wavelengths and supports helical edge states that are weakly coupled to the radiation continuum. The modes of resonators scaling down to single point defects in the surrounding bulk lattice are characterized via spectral position and multipolar nature of the eigenstates. The mode profiles in real and momentum space are mapped using far‐field imaging and Fourier‐spectropolarimetry, revealing how certain properties of the cavity modes reflect on their origin in the topological bandstructure. This includes band‐inversion‐induced confinement and inverted scaling of mode spectra for trivial and topological defect cavities. Furthermore, hallmarks of topological protection in the loss rates are demonstrated, which are largely unaffected by cavity shape and size. The results constitute an important step toward the use of radiative topological cavities for on‐chip confinement of light, control of emitted wave fronts, and enhancement of light–matter interactions.
Mechanical, thermal and microstructural studies of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene reinforced with rattan (Calamus beccarii) fiber composites
Authors: Sahu Sibakanta , Sahu Saipad B. B. P. J. , Nayak Subhakanta , Roul Manmatha K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this research work, fibers from rattan plant stem (RA) were selected as reinforcing material with widely used thermoplastic polymer acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The extracted fibers were chemically modified with NaOH followed by benzoylation and bleaching. Then they were used as reinforcement in ABS polymer matrix by different weight percentages (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) for fabrication of composites. It was observed that chemical treatment changes the surface texture of the fibers enhancing the surface roughness which helps in proper fiber–matrix bonding. Various properties like static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal and morphological properties were investigated. The mechanical properties of the composites were observed to increase at beginning phase with increase in filler content till optimum (24 wt%) fiber loading and from there on declines. Highest tensile strength of 74.98 MPa, 4.80 GPa of young's modulus, 90. A total of 10 MPa of flexural strength and 31.42 kJ/m2 of impact strength were obtained at optimum fiber loading. Further characterizations in terms of Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on composites with optimum fiber loading were conducted and compared with untreated composites. These fabricated composites can be an alternative material for automobile industries due to its high strength and low weight advantage.
It all adds up…the impact of cumulative changes on safety and production
Authors: Kerin Trish 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOn December 21, 1999, a Cessna 150 M aircraft attempted a take‐off at Moorabbin General Aviation Airport in Australia. Just after take‐off, the engine lost all power. The pilot managed a forced landing onto the grass at the end of the runway. On touch down, the engine resumed power. This event led to approximately 5000 piston engine aircraft being grounded and triggered an investigation from the refinery that manufactured the fuel in the plane. An independent investigation by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau determined that a series of cumulative changes in how the fuel was manufactured led to the carry over of a corrosion inhibitor, which contaminated the fuel. Cumulative changes are often hard to track, as their consequences may not be readily apparent. This paper will explore the cumulative changes that occurred and how the application of a new risk assessment technique, Delta HAZOP, might have assisted in uncovering the impacts of the cumulative changes. Delta HAZOP views a system more holistically and looks for the impacts of cumulative changes to uncover risks that may be missed via the guideword approach.
Next-to-next-to-leading order event generation for VH production with H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ decay
Authors: Zanoli Silvia , Chiesa Mauro , Re Emanuele , Wiesemann Marius , Zanderighi Giulia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We consider the Higgsstrahlung process in hadronic collisions and present the computation of next-to-next-to-leading order predictions matched to parton showers for both production and H → $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

decay employing the MiNNLOPS method. We present predictions for ZH and W±H production including spin correlations and off-shell effects by calculating the full processes pp → ℓ+ℓ−H → ℓ+ℓ−$$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

, pp → $$ {\nu}_{\ell }{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell }H $$

ν
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

H
→ $$ {\nu}_{\ell }{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell }b\overline{b} $$

ν
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

b

b
¯

and pp → ℓ±νℓH → $$ {\ell}^{\pm }{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell }b\overline{b} $$

ℓ
±

ν
¯

ℓ

b

b
¯

in the narrow-width approximation for the Higgs boson. For the W±H process, NNLO+PS accuracy in production and decay is achieved for the first time. Our calculations are validated against earlier simulations in the NNLOPS approach that includes NNLO corrections via multi-differential reweighting. The new MiNNLOPS generators for these processes, which evaluate NNLO corrections on-the-fly in the event generation, will supersede those earlier calculations. Our predictions are in good agreement with recent measurements of the Higgsstrahlung cross sections.
The role of comorbid depressive symptoms on long-range temporal correlations in resting EEG in adults with ADHD
Authors: Huang Jue , Ahlers Eike , Bogatsch Holger , Böhme Pierre , Ethofer Thomas , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Gallinat Jürgen , Hegerl Ulrich , Heuser Isabella , Hoffmann Knut , Kittel-Schneider Sarah , Reif Andreas , Schöttle Daniel , Unterecker Stefan , Gärtner Matti , Strauß Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Comorbid depression is commonly observed in ADHD-patients. Psychostimulants are recommended as first-line treatment for ADHD. Aberrant long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) of neuronal activities in resting-state are known to be associated with disorganized thinking and concentrating difficulties (typical in ADHD) and with maladaptive thinking (typical in depression). It has yet to be examined whether (1) LRTC occur in ADHD-patients, and if so, (2) whether LRTC might be a competent biomarker in ADHD comorbid with current depression and (3) how depression affects psychostimulant therapy of ADHD symptoms. The present study registered and compared LRTCs in different EEG frequency bands in 85 adults with ADHD between groups with (n = 28) and without (n = 57) additional depressive symptoms at baseline. Treatment-related changes in ADHD, depressive symptoms and LRTC were investigated in the whole population and within each group. Our results revealed significant LRTCs existed in all investigated frequency bands. There were, however, no significant LRTC-differences between ADHD-patients with and without depressive symptoms at baseline and no LRTC-changes following treatment. However, depressed ADHD patients did seem to benefit more from the therapy with psychostimulant based on self-report.
The stability of antigorite in subduction zones revisited: the effect of F on antigorite stability and its breakdown reactions at high pressures and high temperatures, with implications for the geochemical cycles of halogens
Authors: Flemetakis Stamatis , Tiraboschi Carla , Rohrbach Arno , Berndt Jasper , Klemme Stephan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present new experimental data on the effect of F on the stability of antigorite and its breakdown products at high pressures (2–6 GPa) and high temperatures (570–850 °C). The experiments show that F does not affect the stability of antigorite, but addition of F to the system affects which minerals are formed when antigorite breaks down. In a F-free system and in a system with intermediate F contents (2 wt% F), antigorite breaks down to olivine and orthopyroxene, but in a F-rich system (5 wt% F), antigorite breaks down to other hydrous and F-bearing mineral assemblages which include chlorite, clinohumite and humite-group minerals (HGM). Since the latter mineral phases are stable at higher pressures and temperatures, and contain more F than antigorite, significant amounts of F and potentially other halogens can be retained in the subducting slab and transported deep into the mantle and possibly even into the Earth’s transition zone.
Urinary extracellular vesicle as a potential biomarker of exercise-induced fatigue in young adult males
Authors: Park Suhong , Moon Hyo Youl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposePrevious studies have suggested that circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) arise after high intensity exercise and urine could reflect the plasma proteome. Herein, we investigated the characteristic of urinary EVs from healthy young adult males who had completed a maximal effort exercise test.MethodsThirteen healthy men completed a 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SRT). Fresh urine samples were collected at first morning, right after, and 1 h rest after 20 m SRT. Also, blood lactate, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood pressure were measured before, right after, and 1 h rest after 20 m SRT. Urinary EVs were analyzed using Exoview instrument and microRNAs (miRNAs) sequencing on urinary EVs were performed.ResultsUrinary EVs increased significantly after exercise and returned to baseline value after 1 h of rest. miRNA sequencing on urinary EV revealed alterations in four miRNAs (1 up and 3 down) and nine miRNAs (2 up and 7 down) in pre- vs. post- and post- vs. post-1 h samples, respectively. Lastly, bioinformatic analysis of urinary EV miRNA suggests that predicted target genes could affect PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and insulin pathways by exercise.ConclusionsExercise to voluntary exhaustion increased the number of EVs in urine. Also, miRNAs in urinary EVs were altered after exercise. These findings could indicate the possibility of using the urinary EVs as a novel biomarker of acute exercise-induced fatigue.
Long-term trend of surface relative humidity in Hungary
Authors: Cséplő Anikó , Izsák Beatrix , Geresdi István 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe long-term trends of relative humidity and its relationship with the long-term change of temperature are some of the unsolved problems of climate research. In this paper, the results of the analysis of long-term changes (1961–2020) in relative humidity and temperature in Hungary are presented. Homogenized station data series were used to perform the analyses. While warming was significant in each season, a significant reduction of relative humidity was observed only in spring and summer. The seasonal variability in the dependence of the change of relative humidity on the change of temperature indicates that the change of temperature directly impacts the change of relative humidity in summer, and the enhancement of evaporation due to the increase of temperature may mitigate the impact of warming in other seasons. Homogenized datasets were used to study the daily variation of the long-term trend of relative humidity. Significant reduction was found at noon in each season, except for autumn. However, the reduction was more scattered during the night, depending on the season and/or the geographical location of the station. The relationship between the surface data and data observed by radio sounding (00 UTC and 12 UTC in time period of 2007–2018) was studied to predict the long-term trends of relative humidity in the lower, 100-m deep layer of planetary boundary layer from the trend of surface relative humidity. The results suggest that this prediction can be reasonable only if daytime trends are considered.
Cognitive bias in animal behavior science: a philosophical perspective
Authors: Nematipour Behzad , Bračić Marko , Krohs Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmotional states of animals influence their cognitive processes as well as their behavior. Assessing emotional states is important for animal welfare science as well as for many fields of neuroscience, behavior science, and biomedicine. This can be done in different ways, e.g. through assessing animals’ physiological states or interpreting their behaviors. This paper focuses on the so-calledcognitive judgment biastest, which has gained special attention in the last 2 decades and has become a highly important tool for measuring emotional states in non-human animals. However, less attention has been given to the epistemology of the cognitive judgment bias test and to disentangling the relevance of different steps in the underlying cognitive mechanisms. This paper sheds some light on both the epistemology of the methods and the architecture of the underlying cognitive abilities of the tested animals. Based on this reconstruction, we propose a scheme for classifying and assessing different cognitive abilities involved in cognitive judgment bias tests.
Investigating the pilot-scale performance of a hydroponic nutrient solution as potential draw solution for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis and hydroponic agriculture of lettuce
Authors: Bassiouny Mohamed , Nasr Peter , Sewilam Hani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective of this research is to test the feasibility of a large-scale application of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis using a concentrated hydroponic nutrient solution as the draw solution. This large-scale application will help to mitigate the ever-growing issue of freshwater resources, by providing an alternative source of freshwater for agriculture. This method can then be used to grow crops hydroponically in arid regions that have access to both brackish groundwater and freshwater. The nutrient solution was prepared by dissolving industrial-grade fertilizer salts in dechlorinated tap water and was tested as a draw solution (DS) on a pilot-scale forward osmosis membrane module. The feed solution (FS) for the process was NaCl dissolved in dechlorinated tap water, in a 10 g/L (10% w/w) NaCl concentration to represent the salinity level of brackish groundwater. The performance of the draw solution was measured based on the water flux, water recovery, specific solute flux, and salt rejection. Two hydroponic basins were utilized to hydroponically grow lettuce. The first basin was grown using a commercial hydroponic nutrient solution, while the other basin was grown using the diluted draw solution from the pilot-scale. The growth of the lettuce in both basins was compared based on wet and dry weights of the stem, percent reduction in weight by drying, total length, stem length, and the ratio between stem and total lengths. Results showed that average water flux on the pilot-scale was found to be 1.11 L/m2/hr (LMH), while it was found to be 7.7 LMH in previous research on the bench-scale; this is in line with previous experiments conducted on both bench-scale and pilot-scale forward osmosis. The highest value specific reverse solute flux on the pilot-scale was found to be 7.48 g/m2/h for the K+ ion, which is also comparable to the results obtained on the bench-scale. Finally, salt rejection was found to be high, the lowest value was 90.7%, indicating high membrane selectivity against feed ions. The lettuce grown hydroponically using the resultant diluted draw solution from the pilot-scale was comparable to the lettuce grown using a commercial nutrient solution, with the draw solution lettuce being 16.23% less in terms of weight than the commercial lettuce, and 27.18% in stem length. This decrease in size and weight of the lettuce grown with the diluted draw solution can be attributed to the ratio of macro- and micro-nutrients in the Resh Florida/California solution not being optimized for the species of lettuce grown (loose leaf). It was concluded that concentrated hydroponic nutrient solution is a valid draw solution for large-scale fertilizer drawn forward osmosis, and this application mitigates some of the drawbacks of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis and increases the feasibility of large-scale application of forward osmosis as a desalination technology.
Graphical abstract
The effect of working memory training on situation awareness in a flight simulator
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wu Di , Wang Chaoxian , Sun Kewei , Xu Pengbo , Wang Ziwei , Xiao Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe close relationship between working memory and situation awareness (SA) has been confirmed and further empirical investigations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of working memory training for improving SA. Thirty-eight participants completed a challenging flight scenario in a high-fidelity flight simulator and were randomized into a training group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 18). The training group engaged in an adaptive dual N-back task for 2 weeks, while the control group was given a negative control task. Three-dimensional situation awareness rating technique (3D-SART) scores and situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT) scores were recorded to evaluate pretest and posttest SA. The results showed that both situational understanding dimension scores in the 3D-SART and SAGAT scores were significantly increased from the pretest to the posttest in the training group, while the control group showed no significant differences. It was concluded that working memory training can effectively improve individuals’ SA, which has important implication for future research.
Does the Selection of the Procedure Impact the Return to Work in Unemployed Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery?
Authors: Claassen Kevin , Kügler Kathrin , Celesnik Jörg , Senkal Metin , Jäger Pia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity and its comorbidities are risk factors for absenteeism and unemployment. Bariatric surgery might help to intervene in the vicious circle of unemployment, social disadvantage and increasing obesity. The most common bariatric procedures are sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This survey analyzes the influence of the bariatric procedure on return to work.

Methods
The data of a German nationwide multicenter registry StuDoQ|MBE from 2015 to 2020 are evaluated. Patients are surveyed who underwent a primary SG or RYGB while being unemployed: 782 patients are included. Primary endpoint is any form of return to work within 1 year after treatment. The surgical procedure acts as the binary main treatment variable. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was performed with age, sex, vocational training and weight loss as third variables so that odds ratios (OR) and adjusted ORs were determined.

Results
Of the patients, 41.56% received a RYGB, 58.44% a SG. One year after bariatric surgery, 39.39% of the patients with SG and 33.85% with RYGB reached a return to work. The OR for return to work is 1.27 (p = 0.11) non-significant in favor of SG. The adjusted OR is 1.26 (p = 0.15), indicating that there is no significant influence of the difference between the two surgical procedures on the outcome of return to work.

Conclusion
There is a positive effect regarding return to work in bariatric patients: More than a third of the previously unemployed patients were employed 1 year after surgery. Procedure-specific influences could not be determined.

Graphical abstract
l-Carnitine Mitigates Trazadone Induced Rat Cardiotoxicity Mediated via Modulation of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Khedr Naglaa F. , El-Feky Ola A. , Werida Rehab H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTrazodone (TRZ) is an antidepressant drug which widely used to treat insomnia, but it has a cardiotoxic effect which considered one of the TRZ limitations. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role ofl-carnitine in rats against TRZ-induced cardiotoxicity, as well as to look into the molecular mechanisms underlying its cardioprotective effects via autophagy-mediated cell death and oxidative stress. Male albino rats were randomized into four experimental groups (n = 8): normal control, TRZ group (TRZ, 20 mg/kg/day),l-carnitine group (LC, 200 mg/kg/day), and Co-treated group (l-carnitine and TRZ). All treatments were administered via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Cardiac enzymes (AST & CK-MB) and serum cardiac troponin T(cTnI) were assessed. Oxidative stress biomarkers in heart tissue (malondialdehyde; MDA, total thiol, and catalase activity) were measured. Autophagy related-genes (ATG-5 and Beclin-1), P62, and TNF-α were quantified. AST and CK-MB and cTnI significantly (p < 0.001) were increased with enhanced autophagy as well as severe histopathological changes which were manifested as scattered chronic inflammatory cells with focal fragmentation of myocardial fibers and loss of nuclei in TRZ-treated group. However, daily administration of l-carnitine (200 mg/kg) for 28 days completely reversed TRZ-induced the increased cardiac enzymes, autophagy, and myocardial inflammatory processes to the normal values. TRZ administration might have the potential to cause cardiotoxic effects that can be treated withl-carnitine administration.
Questions to guide cancer evolution as a framework for furthering progress in cancer research and sustainable patient outcomes
Authors: Somarelli Jason A. , DeGregori James , Gerlinger Marco , Heng Henry H. , Marusyk Andriy , Welch Danny R. , Laukien Frank H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe appear to be faced with ‘two truths’ in cancer—one of major advances and successes and another one of remaining short-comings and significant challenges. Despite decades of research and substantial progress in treating cancer, most patients with metastatic cancer still experience great suffering and poor outcomes. Metastatic cancer, for the vast majority of patients, remains incurable. In the context of advanced disease, many clinical trials report only incremental advances in progression-free and overall survival. At the same time, the breadth and depth of new scientific discoveries in cancer research are staggering. These discoveries are providing increasing mechanistic detail into the inner workings of normal and cancer cells, as well as into cancer–host interactions; however, progress remains frustratingly slow in translating these discoveries into improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic interventions. Despite enormous advances in cancer research and progress in progression-free survival, or even cures, for certain cancer types—with earlier detection followed by surgical, adjuvant, targeted, or immuno- therapies, we must challenge ourselves to do even better where patients do not respond or experience evolving therapy resistance. We propose that defining cancer evolution as a separate domain of study and integrating the concept of evolvability as a core hallmark of cancer can help position scientific discoveries into a framework that can be more effectively harnessed to improve cancer detection and therapy outcomes and to eventually decrease cancer lethality. In this perspective, we present key questions and suggested areas of study that must be considered—not only by the field of cancer evolution, but by all investigators researching, diagnosing, and treating cancer.