bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of stem cell identity by miR-200a during spinal cord regeneration
Authors: Walker Sarah E. , Sabin Keith Z. , Gearhart Micah D. , Yamamoto Kenta , Echeverri Karen 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAxolotls are an important model organism for multiple types of regeneration, including functional spinal cord regeneration. Remarkably, axolotls can repair their spinal cord after a small lesion injury and can also regenerate their entire tail following amputation. Several classical signaling pathways that are used during development are reactivated during regeneration, but how this is regulated remains a mystery. We have previously identified miR-200a as a key factor that promotes successful spinal cord regeneration. Here, using RNA-seq analysis, we discovered that the inhibition of miR-200a results in an upregulation of the classical mesodermal marker brachyury in spinal cord cells after injury. However, these cells still express the neural stem cell marker sox2. In vivo cell tracking allowed us to determine that these cells can give rise to cells of both the neural and mesoderm lineage. Additionally, we found that miR-200a can directly regulate brachyury via a seed sequence in the 3′UTR of the gene. Our data indicate that miR-200a represses mesodermal cell fate after a small lesion injury in the spinal cord when only glial cells and neurons need to be replaced.
Fiddler crab electroretinograms reveal vast circadian shifts in visual sensitivity and temporal summation in dim light
Authors: Brodrick Emelie A. , How Martin J. , Hemmi Jan M. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Many animals with compound eyes undergo major optical changes to adjust visual sensitivity from day to night, often under control of a circadian clock. In fiddler crabs, this presents most conspicuously in the huge volume increase of photopigment-packed rhabdoms and the widening of crystalline cone apertures at night. These changes are hypothesised to adjust the light flux to the photoreceptors and to alter optical sensitivity as the eye moves between light- and dark-adapted states. Here, we compared optical sensitivity in fiddler crab (Gelasimus dampieri) eyes during daytime and night via three electroretinogram (ERG) experiments performed on light- and dark-adapted crabs. (1) Light intensity required to elicit a threshold ERG response varied over six orders of magnitude, allowing more sensitive vision for discriminating small contrasts in dim light after dusk. During daytime, the eyes remained relatively insensitive, which would allow effective vision on bright mudflats, even after prolonged dark adaptation. (2) Flicker fusion frequency (FFF) experiments indicated that temporal summation is employed in dim light to increase light-gathering integration times and enhance visual sensitivity during both night and day. (3) ERG responses to flickering lights during 60 min of dark adaptation increased at a faster rate and to a greater extent after sunset compared with daytime. However, even brief, dim and intermittent light exposure strongly disrupted dark-adaptation processes. Together, these findings demonstrate effective light adaptation to optimise vision over the large range of light intensities that these animals experience.
Chalcogen Bond versus Halogen Bond: Changing Contributions in Determining the Crystal Packing of Dihalobenzochalcogenadiazoles
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Shimomura Kai , Asai Kota , Shimajiri Takuya , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Fukushima Takanori , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the crystals of 4,7-dihalobenzo[c][1,2,5]chalcogenadiazoles, the molecules are connected by two competing secondary bonding interactions: chalcogen bond (ChB) and halogen bond (HaB). Because the strengths of ChB and HaB change according to the kind of chalcogen (E: S, Se, Te) and halogen (X: Cl, Br, I), their relative contributions in determining the crystal packing can also change. Six newly determined crystal structures as well as 3 previously reported structures can be categorized into two groups: ChB-dominant and HaB-dominant structures. HaB in which X = I is strong enough to dictate the crystal packing of compounds with E = S and Se, but not where E = Te, whereas HaB in which X = Cl or Br has little effect on ChB-dominant molecular networks in crystals. The observed changing contributions of ChB and HaB may be useful for designing new supramolecular synthons for crystal engineering.
Performance and preference of problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture-based classes among medical students of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Yadav Saroj , Poudel Sangeeta , Pandey Oshna , Jaiswal Dhiraj Prasad , Malla Bhupendra Prakash , Thakur Brajesh Kumar , Gautam Swotantra , Pandey Sirish Raj 
Published: February 2022

Background: PBL (problem based learning) is new active learning educational strategy that has been extensively tested and used in recent years. This study aims to compare students' understanding and knowledge retention when taught through PBL and lecture-based classes and compare PAHS students' perceptions of PBL and lectures in medical education. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of medical students of a PBL based medical school in Nepal, a non-Western low-income country. Ethical approval was given by the institutional research committee of the Patan Academy of Health Sciences. Understanding and knowledge retention was assessed with 50 vignette-based multiple-choice questions, half of which were taught through PBL sessions, and the remaining half were taught in didactic lectures during basic science years of medical school. A separate pre-validated perception questionnaire was used to assess students' preferences regarding PBL and lectures. Results: Out of 107 students, 99 participated in the understanding and knowledge retention questionnaires and 107 completed perception questionnaires. Understanding and knowledge retention of students was found to be the same for topics taught by PBL and lectures, with median scores of 17 and s16, respectively. PBL were mostly preferred for the physiology (59.81%), pathology (51.40%) and pharmacology (53.27%) concepts, and lectures were mostly preferred for the anatomy (78.50%), biochemistry (45.79%), and microbiology (42.99%) topics. Students wanted the same concepts to be taught through both PBL and lectures, especially for anatomy. Conclusions: Understanding and knowledge retention is the same for topics taught by either PBL or lectures during the basic science years of undergraduate medical education. Students prefer PBL for physiology, pathology, and pharmacology-related concepts, conventional didactic lecture for physiology and microbiology, and a combination of lecture and PBL sessions for anatomy.
Students’ perception of online learning amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: A study of junior, senior high school and college students in a remote area
Authors: Harefa Senida , Sihombing Grace Lamudur Arta 
Published: February 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about many changes in all sectors of life, especially in the field of education. These changes aim to make the learning process more effective in the pandemic environment. However, it can be challenging, as some students do not give positive responses to these changes, especially those in remote areas. This article aims to identify and report students' perceptions about the effectiveness of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the remote North Tapanuli region of Indonesia. Methods: In this study, data were obtained using an online survey involving 30 students from three levels of education, namely junior high school, senior high school, and college. They are students who the teacher appoints as class administrators; through them, the teacher communicates about everything—learning activities. So compared to his other friends, they know more about the implementation of online learning during the covid 19 pandemic. In addition, schools in remote areas have fewer students than schools in big cities. So we conclude that this research is considered representative with thirty students as the sample. The data gathered from the survey were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. Results: Results show that online learning is considered less effective by students in remote areas; this happens because communication networks and infrastructure do not adequately support them to follow online learning. Conclusion: Teachers need to evaluate how to teach as well as re-design models and approaches to be applied in learning. This can be achieved by adjusting to the student’s current situation to generate interest and willingness to learn online.
Data analytics competency and religiosity influence on external auditors’ performance in Malaysia
Authors: Jaffar Nahariah , Bin Ahmad Abdul Aziz , Sulaiman Noor Adwa 
Published: February 2022

Background - Data analytics can support the external auditors’ judgements. However, little is known about the external auditors’ data analytics competency. Likewise, role of religiosity in enhancing the external auditors’ performance is also inadequately investigated. This study examined: 1) the effects of data analytics competency on the external auditors’ performance, and 2) the moderating effects of religiosity on data analytics competency and external auditors’ performance relationship. Methods – Survey was conducted on 201 external auditors. Data analytics competency dimensions, namely, personal capabilities, professional expertise, technical skills, technologies and tools expertise were examined. Religiosity was measured by level and dimension (faith, virtue and optional). Results – Data analytics competency (personal capabilities) has a significant positive effect on the Muslim external auditors’ performance, whereas data analytics competency (technologies and tools expertise) has a significant positive affect on the non-Muslim external auditors’ performance. Level of religiosity has significant moderating effect on the relationship between data analytics competency (technologies and tools expertise) and Muslim external auditors’ performance. Nonetheless, level of religiosity does not moderate the relationship between data analytics competency and the performance of non-Muslim external auditors. Religiosity (virtue) has significant moderating effect on the relationship between data analytics competency (personal capabilities) and Muslim external auditors’ performance. Meanwhile, religiosity (faith) has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between data analytics competency (technologies and tools expertise) and non-Muslim external auditors’ performance. Conclusion – This study demonstrates that data analytics competency and religiosity can influence the external auditors’ performance.
Colorectal cancer on a dish: exploring the 3D-sphere culture of primary colorectal cancer cells from an Indonesian perspective
Authors: Abdullah Murdani , Noor DR , Utari Amanda Pitarini , Muzellina Virly Nanda , Rahadiani Nur , Antarianto Radiana Dhewayani 
Published: February 2022

Background : Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer and has emerged as one of Indonesia's most devastating diseases. The growing number of colorectal cancer cases is frequently undiagnosed until the disease has progressed to a metastatic stage. This issue has lasted for years, limiting therapy options and resulting in a bad prognosis for the majority of patients. Thus, the purpose of this work is to develop a CRC detection method for Indonesia and other low-middle income nations that integrates in vitro 3D culture, molecular analysis, and in silico analysis. Methods : Colorectal cancer biopsies were transported to the lab and underwent mechanical disaggregation and centrifuged at 300 x g for five minutes. Approximately 10,000 cells were seeded in each Nunc-Sphera 96-well plate (u-bottom) for the following 7 days in standard culture medium. The 3D-sphere was harvested and RNA was extracted afterwards. Molecular analysis was performed using qPCR and the Human Cancer Pathway Profiler. Protein interaction and pathway analysis were conducted using STRING and Reactome online tools. Results : Following initial seeding, primary CRC 3D-spheres were grown for 14–16 days. Gene profiling and in silico analyses suggest that CDC20, AURKA, and ACLY are expressed at lower levels than the positive control in the 3D-sphere. These markers have been implicated in metastasis, CRC proliferation, and as a drug target ligand. Conclusion : A combination of 3D culture, gene profiling, and in silico analysis is feasible to detect CRC for Indonesia and other low- and middle-income countries. A future possibility is to use minicolorectal cancer in a dish for ex vivo cancer modeling and pharmacological testing.
Putting youth at the centre: co-design of a community-based intervention to improve HIV outcomes among youth in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mackworth-Young Constance , Dringus Stefanie , Dauya Ethel , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Mavodza Constancia , Tembo Mandikudza , Doyle Aoife , McHugh Grace , Simms Victoria , Wedner-Ross Maurice , Apollo Tsitsi , Mugurungi Owen , Ferrand Rashida , Bernays Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract Background Youth have disproportionately poor HIV outcomes. We aimed to co-design a community-based intervention with youth to improve HIV outcomes among 16-24 year-olds, to be trialled in Zimbabwe. Methods We conducted 90 in-depth interviews with youth, family members, community gatekeepers, and healthcare providers to understand the barriers to uptake of existing HIV services. The interviews informed an outline intervention, which was refined through two participatory workshops with youth, and subsequent pilot-testing. Results Participants considered existing services inaccessible and unappealing: health facilities were perceived to be for ‘sick people’, centred around HIV and served by judgemental providers. Proposed features of an intervention to overcome these barriers, included: i) delivery in a youth-only community space; ii) integration of HIV services with broader health services; iii) non-judgemental skilled healthcare providers; iv) entertainment to encourage attendance; and v) tailored timings and outreach. The intervention framework stands on three core pillars, based on optimising: i) access: community-based youth-friendly settings; ii) uptake and acceptability: service branding, confidentiality, and social activities; and iii) content and quality: integrated HIV care cascade, high quality products, and trained providers. Conclusions Ongoing meaningful youth engagement is critical to designing HIV interventions if access, uptake, and coverage is to be achieved.
The impact of statins on wound healing: an ally in treating the highly comorbid patient
Authors: Abu El Hawa Areeg A , Klein Doron , Bekeny Jenna C , Severin James H , Zolper Elizabeth G , Tefera Eshetu , Evans Karen K , Fan Kenneth L , Attinger Christopher E 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To identify the impact that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) use has on wound healing outcomes in patients with comorbidities. Method: A retrospective chart review evaluating all new patients presenting to our tertiary wound care centre in 2013 with lower extremity wounds. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they took statins or not. Data on wound healing outcomes and wound/patient characteristics were collected. Primary outcomes included healing rate and progression to complete wound healing. Patients were excluded if they had incomplete data or were lost to follow-up before healing status could be confirmed. Results: A total of 194 patients met the inclusion criteria and were allocated to either the statin group (n=89) or to the non-statin group (n=105). Median initial wound size was 0.6cm3 (Interquartile range (IQR): 0.15–2.4) (p=0.684). In the statin group, 54 (60.6%) patients progressed to complete wound healing compared with 47 (44.7%) in the non-statin group (p=0.027). Median rate of wound healing was 6.7×10-3cm3/day (IQR: 1.5×10-3–2.6×10-2) compared with 3.8×10-3cm3/day (IQR: 1.7×10-3–1.3×10-2) in the non-statin group (p=0.773). Increased age and a higher number of comorbidities were reported in the statin group (p<0.001), respectively). A total of seven patients required amputation: five patients in the statin group and two patients in the non-statin group (p=0.250). Conclusion: This study revealed increased progression to wound healing in patients who were taking statins. The influence of statins on wound healing is promising, but future trials are needed to justify use of this medication class independent of cardiovascular benefit and exclusively for wound healing.
Using Forum Theatre to mobilise knowledge and improve NHS care: the Enhancing Post-injury Psychological Intervention and Care (EPPIC) study
Authors: Beckett Kate , Deave Toity , McBride Tony , le May Andrée , Gabbay John , Kapoulas Urszula , Long Adele , Warburton Georgie , Wogan Celia , Cox Lee , Thompson Julian , Spencer Frank , Kendrick Denise 
Published: February 2022

Background:Evidence regarding the impact of psychological problems on recovery from injury has limited influence on practice. Mindlines show effective practice requires diverse knowledge which is generally socially transmitted.
Aims and objectives:Develop and test a method blending patient, practitioner, and research evidence and using Forum Theatre to enable key stakeholders to interact with it.
Assess this methods; impact on contributing individuals/groups; on behaviour, practice, and research; mechanisms enabling these changes to occur.
Methods:Stage-1: captured patient (n=53), practitioner (n=62), and research/expert (n=3) evidence using interviews, focus groups, literature review; combined these strands using framework analysis and conveyed them in a play. Stage-2: patients (n=32), carers (n=3), practitioners (n=31), and researchers (n=16) attended Forum Theatre workshops where they shared experiences, watched the play, re-enacted elements, and co-produced service improvements. Stage-3: used the Social Impact Framework to analyse study outcome data and establish what changed, how and why.
Findings:This approach enhanced individuals’/group knowledge of post-injury psychopathology, confidence in their knowledge, mutual understanding, creativity, attitudes towards knowledge mobilisation, and research. These cognitive, attitudinal, and relational impacts led to multilevel changes in behaviour, practice, and research. Four key mechanisms enabled this research to occur and create impact: diverse knowledge, drama/storytelling, social interaction, actively altering outcomes.
Discussion and conclusions:Discourse about poor uptake of scientific evidence focuses on methods to aid translation and implementation; this study shows how mindlines can reframe this ‘problem’ and inform impactful research.
EPPIC demonstrated how productive interaction between diverse stakeholders using creative means bridges gaps between evidence, knowledge, and action.
MAFFNet: real-time multi-level attention feature fusion network with RGB-D semantic segmentation for autonomous driving
Authors: Lv Tongfei , Zhang Yu , Luo Lin , Gao Xiaorong 
Published: February 2022

Compared with RGB semantic segmentation, RGB-D semantic segmentation can combine the geometric depth information to effectively improve the segmentation accuracy. Considering the application of RGB-D semantic segmentation in autonomous driving, we design a real-time semantic segmentation network, that is, MAFFNet, which can effectively extract depth features and combine the complementary information in RGB and depth. We also design a multi-level attention feature fusion module that can excavate the available context information of RGB and depth features. At the same time, its inference speed can also meet the demands of autonomous driving. Experiments show that our network achieves excellent performance of 74.4% mIoU and an inference speed of 15.9 Hz at a full resolution of

2048

×

1024

on the cityscapes dataset. Using multi-source learning, we mixed the cityscapes and lost and found as the multi-dataset. Our network is also superior to previous algorithms in using the multi-dataset to detect small obstacles outside the road.
Comparison of clinical profiles and care for patients with incident versus recurrent acute coronary syndromes in France: Data from the MONICA registries
Authors: Machta Suzanne , Gauthier Victoria , Ferrières Jean , Montaye Michèle , Huo Yung Kai Samantha , Gbokou Stefy , Biasch Katia , Moitry Marie , Amouyel Philippe , Dallongeville Jean , Meirhaeghe Aline 
Published: February 2022

Background
Recurrence is common after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In order to better assess the prognosis for patients with ACS, we compared clinical profiles, treatments, and case fatality rates for incident vs. recurrent ACS.

Methods
We enrolled 1,459 men and women (age: 35–74) living in three geographical areas covered by French MONICA registries and who had been admitted to hospital for an ACS in 2015/2016. We recorded and compared the clinical characteristics and medical care for patients with an incident vs. a recurrent ACS.

Results
Overall, 431 (30%) had a recurrent ACS. Relative to patients with an incident ACS, patients with recurrence were older (p<0.0001), had a greater frequency of NSTEMI or UA (p<0.0001), were less likely to show typical symptoms (p = 0.045), were more likely to have an altered LVEF (p<0.0001) and co-morbidities. Angioplasty was less frequently performed among patients with recurrent than incident NSTEMI (p<0.05). There were no intergroup differences in the prescription of the recommended secondary prevention measures upon hospital discharge, except for functional rehabilitation more frequently prescribed among incident patients (p<0.0001). Although the crude 1-year mortality rate was higher for recurrent cases (14%) than for incident cases (8%) (p<0.05), this difference was no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, region, diagnosis category and LVEF.

Conclusion
Compared with incident patients, recurrent cases were more likely to have co-morbidities and to have suboptimal treatments prior to hospital stay, reinforcing the need for secondary prevention.
La Constitucionalización De La Prohibición De Abuso De Los Derechos Contractuales: Una Aproximación Histórica A Las Raíces Morales De Este Régimen
Authors: Acosta Rodríguez Joaquín 
Published: February 2022

En Colombia la prohibición del abuso del derecho ha alcanzado rango constitucional. Así, se aumenta el deber en el operador jurídico de darle efecto útil a tal disposición, también en el ámbito contractual. Sin embargo, la noción de abuso se observa altamente problémica, y de esta manera ha sido vista como una amenaza a la seguridad jurídica. No obstante, su empleo se verifica en la jurisprudencia iusprivatista de manera creciente en la mayor parte de las ramas del Derecho. La especialidad contractualista de ninguna manera constituye excepción a esta tendencia. En consecuencia este imperativo exige investigar la concreción del abuso en los vínculos contractuales a fin de resaltar, inventariar y analizar todas las manifestaciones de abuso en el ámbito contractual. Para tales efectos y partiendo de investigaciones doctrinales precedentes en Derecho francés de contratos se efectuará una aproximación histórica de la teoría del abuso del derecho. De esta manera la presente exploración irá desde los precedentes del derecho romano hasta los albores de la Era moderna, mediante la comprensión del abuso contractual en tanto que conducta merecedora de sanción a la culpabilidad de los contratantes.