bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteral nutrition support and treatment toxicities in patients with head and neck cancer receiving definitive or adjuvant helical intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy
Authors: Blake Claire L. , Brown Teresa E. , Pelecanos Anita , Moroney Laura B. , Helios Jennifer , Hughes Brett G. M. , Chua Benjamin , Kenny Lizbeth M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) is often required in patients with head and neck cancer (HNSCC); however, initiation criteria is limited or inconsistent. This study aimed to describe the relationship of treatment toxicities and requirement for EN and investigate toxicity and baseline characteristics association with EN duration.MethodsAcute toxicities and baseline characteristics were collected from patients with HNSCC (n = 110) undergoing H‐IMRT. Percentage EN contributing to estimated requirements and EN duration were measured.ResultsThe threshold for patients needing ≥50% of estimated requirements via EN increased from week 3 to 4 for grade ≥2 oral/pharyngeal mucositis, dysgeusia, thick saliva and nausea, and for grade 3 dysphagia. Patients with grade 2–3 dysphagia had a reduced risk of ceasing EN compared to those with grade 0–1 dysphagia.ConclusionsUsing acute toxicities in clinical practice may be a useful tool to inform prompt initiation of EN prior to decline in nutritional status and anticipate EN duration.
Survival outcomes for patients with T3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis treated with definitive radiation alone versus chemoradiation
Authors: Rock Calvin B. , Hutten Ryan J. , Weil Chris R. , Lloyd Shane , Kerrigan Kathleen C. , Cannon Richard B. , Hitchcock Ying J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven the poor lymphatics of the glottis, we evaluated omission of chemotherapy in patients treated definitely for T3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the glottis.MethodsWe performed survival analysis of patients with T3N0M0 SCC of the glottis identified in the National Cancer Database treated with radiation alone versus chemoradiation.ResultsA total of 3785 patients were identified. Patients age ≥70 and those with comorbidities were less likely to receive chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% CI [0.25–0.37] and 0.48 [0.31–0.76], respectively). Five‐year OS was lower in patients treated with radiation versus chemoradiation (33.8% [30.3%–37.2%] vs. 58.0% [55.8%–60.0%]). In patients <70 with no comorbidities this difference persisted (51.0% [44.5%–57.0%] versus 66.7% [64.0%–69.3%]).ConclusionOverall survival was higher in patients treated with chemoradiation compared to radiation alone, even when controlling for age and comorbidities. Radiotherapy with chemotherapy omission is not appropriate in patients with T3N0M0 SCC of the glottis.
Anti‐CD38 antibody isatuximab monotherapy for Japanese individuals with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: An update of the phase 1/2 ISLANDs study
Authors: Sunami Kazutaka , Fuchida Shin‐ichi , Suzuki Kenshi , Ri Masaki , Matsumoto Morio , Shimazaki Chihiro , Asaoku Hideki , Shibayama Hirohiko , Ishizawa Kenichi , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Ikeda Takashi , Maruyama Dai , Imada Kazunori , Uchiyama Michihiro , Kiguchi Toru , Iyama Satoshi , Murakami Hirokazu , Onishi Reiko , Tada Keisuke , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe primary analysis of the phase 1/2 ISLANDs study in Japanese individuals with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) showed that isatuximab monotherapy was well tolerated and effective, even in participants with high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities. Here, we report a prespecified second analysis conducted 20 months after the first dosing of the last participant (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02812706). The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of isatuximab in phase 1 and to evaluate the efficacy of isatuximab, including assessment of overall response rate (ORR) at the recommended dose (RD), in phase 2. In phase 1, three participants received isatuximab 10 mg/kg every week (QW) for 4 weeks/cycle followed by every 2 weeks (Q2W) and five participants received 20 mg/kg QW/Q2W. Since no dose‐limiting toxicities occurred in phase 1, 20 mg/kg QW/Q2W was identified as the RD for the phase 2 study (n = 28). At the time of data cut‐off, three participants (one in phase 1 and two in phase 2) continued to receive isatuximab; disease progression and treatment‐related adverse events were the most common reasons for treatment discontinuation. The overall safety profile was consistent with the primary analysis. One death, not related to isatuximab treatment, was reported since the first analysis. The ORR and clinical benefit rate remained unchanged from the primary analysis at 36.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.4%–54.9%) and 54.5% (95% CI: 36.4%–71.9%), respectively. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.6 months, longer than the median PFS reported in the primary analysis (4.7 months), whereas median overall survival was not reached. Overall, isatuximab 20 mg/kg QW/Q2W had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile and showed promising antitumor activity in Japanese individuals with RRMM.
Richter transformation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Innocenti Idanna , Benintende Giulia , Tomasso Annamaria , Fresa Alberto , Autore Francesco , Larocca Luigi Maria , Laurenti Luca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia can evolve to an aggressive lymphoma—in most of the cases diffuse large B cells lymphoma, rarely Hodgkin lymphoma—and this complication is defined Richter syndrome (RS). Immunogenotypic features that characterize RS include unmutated IgHV status with high prevalence of IgHV4‐39/D6‐13/J5 sequence; deletion of chromosome 17p or 11q; activation of oncogenes as NOTCH1 and c‐MYC; inactivation of onco‐suppressors as TP53 and CDKN2A; high expression of CD38 in lymph‐nodes. The prognosis of this condition is very poor: patients experience a rapid clinical deterioration with frequent therapeutic failure since the current options include suboptimal strategies as standard chemo‐immunotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cells transplantation or enrollment in clinical trials which investigate the efficacy of target drugs. Understanding the biology of such a heterogeneous condition is crucial to personalize the treatment and improve patient's survival.
The community food environment and its association with diet, health or weight status in Australia: A systematic review with recommendations for future research
Authors: Bivoltsis Alexia , Christian Hayley , Ambrosini Gina L. , Hooper Paula , Pulker Claire E. , Thornton Lukar , Trapp Gina S. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIssue addressedThis study systematically reviewed Australian literature to determine if an association exists between geospatial exposure to food outlets and diet, health or weight status. Recommendations for future research are provided.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in December 2021 using CINAHL Plus, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Data were extracted, as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using an eight‐item checklist. A descriptive synthesis of study characteristics and findings was carried out, stratified via study outcomes.ResultsOf the 36 included articles, the majority were from Victoria (n = 19), involving adult participants (n = 30) and cross‐sectional in design (n = 27). Overall, associations were mainly null (nonsignificant) for diet (80%), weight status (75%) and health outcomes (90%). Significant findings were mixed with no positive trend with study quality.ConclusionsSix recommendations are suggested to address current knowledge gaps and limitations in the Australian evidence base: (1) Conduct research on different populations; (2) Employ robust study designs that can test the impact of change over time; (3) Improve the accuracy of food outlet data sources; (4) Improve food outlet geospatial exposure measures; (5) Improve measurement of outcome variables; and (6) Incorporate theoretical models into study design and data analysis.So what?Improving the quality and consistency of research will be critical to informing locally relevant policy. Despite the present limitations in the evidence base, it is reasonable to assume that decisions to purchase and consume food are driven by availability and access. Thus, policy and planning aimed at improving the overall “healthiness” of the community food environment by increasing access to healthy food outlets is warranted to ensure that healthy options are easier choice for all.
Would you like fries with that? Investigating fast‐food outlet availability near schools in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Trapp Gina S. A. , Hooper Paula , Billingham Wesley , Thornton Lukar , Sartori Ainslie , Kennington Kelly , Devine Amanda , Godrich Stephanie , Sambell Ros , Howard Justine , Bivoltsis Alexia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIssue addressedLocating fast‐food outlets near schools is a potential public health risk to schoolchildren, given the easy access and repeated exposure to energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods they provide. Fast‐food outlet availability near schools has not been previously investigated in Perth, Western Australia. This study aimed to quantify fast‐food outlet availability near Perth schools and determine whether differences in area‐level disadvantage and school type exist.MethodsFast‐food outlet locations were sourced from Perth Local Governments in 2018/2019. All Perth Primary (n = 454), Secondary (n = 107) and K‐12 (n = 94) schools were assigned an area‐level disadvantage decile ranking based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio‐Economic Index for Areas (SEIFA). Regression models assessed whether fast‐food outlet availability within 400 m, 800 m and 1 km of schools differed by school type (ie, Primary/Secondary/K‐12) or SEIFA.ResultsSecondary schools were significantly more likely than Primary and K‐12 schools to have a higher presence and density of fast‐food outlets and the “Top 4” fast‐food outlet chains (McDonalds, Hungry Jacks, KFC and Red Rooster) nearby. Schools located in low socio‐economic status (SES) areas had a significantly higher density of fast‐food outlets within 400 m, and “Top 4” fast‐food outlet chains within 400 m and 1 km, than schools located in high SES area.ConclusionsPerth schools are surrounded by fast‐food outlets with densities significantly higher around secondary schools and schools located in lower SES areas.So what?Policies and regulations aimed at reducing fast‐food outlets near schools is an essential strategy to improve dietary intakes and reduce obesity in schoolchildren.
The nexus between climate change risk and financial policy uncertainty
Authors: Hunjra Ahmed Imran , Azam Muhammad , Al‐Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate the role of financial policy uncertainty in climate change risk. We use the financial policies uncertainty index to estimate its composite effectiveness on climate change. We test the financial development role from two perspectives covering the credit channel and market liquidation facilities for climate change. We also test the role of financial policy uncertainty through moderating channels of renewable energy production and financial development. Our sample comprises 42 developing economies from 1991 to 2020. We apply the fixed‐effects estimation, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method and bootstrap quantile to analyze the results. The empirical results reveal that financial policy uncertainty plays a significant role in climate change risk. We conclude that climate change risk management policies and financial policy uncertainties should be considered as key indicators of financial development.
Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic
Authors: May Michele Mirian , Machry Renan Vaz , Fraga Sara , de Andrade Guilherme Schmitt , Bottino Marco Antonio , Valandro Luiz Felipe , May Liliana Gressler 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of resin cement coating with high and low viscosities on the flexural fatigue strength of machined lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic. Discs (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) were prepared and divided according to the surface condition (machining [M]—CEREC inLab; and polishing [P]—laboratory procedures), resin cement coating (with or without), and cement viscosity (high [H] and low [L]). The ceramic bonding surface was etched/primed by a one‐step primer application followed by resin cement application (Variolink N base + high or low viscosity catalyst; Ivoclar Vivadent). Biaxial flexural fatigue strength was evaluated on a piston‐on‐three‐ball set by the step‐test method (n = 15) (initial stress: 60 MPa; incremental steps: 20 MPa; 10,000 cycles/step, at 20 Hz). Weibull statistics were used for fatigue data. Contact angle, topographic, and fractographic analysis were also performed. Machining produced statistically lower contact angle than polishing and a significant detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior (σ0M = 247.2 [246.9–268.3];σ0P = 337.4 [297.8–382.4]). Machined groups followed by resin cement coating (σ0MH = 297.9 [276.0–321.5];σ0Ml = 301.2 [277.1–327.4]) behaved similarly to the polished and coated groups (σ0PH = 342.0 [308.9–378.5];σ0PL = 357.3 [324.7–393.1]), irrespective of the cement viscosity. Therefore, cement coating has able to revert the detrimental effects of the machining on the fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic. High and low viscosity cements behaved similarly in the improvement of CAD–CAM lithium disilicate fatigue strength.
A building‐block database of distributed polarizabilities and dipole moments to estimate optical properties of biomacromolecules in isolation or in an explicitly solvated medium
Authors: Ligório Raphael F. , Rodrigues José L. , Krawczuk Anna , Dos Santos Leonardo H. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince atomic or functional‐group properties in the bulk are generally not available from experimental methods, computational approaches based on partitioning schemes have emerged as a rapid yet accurate pathway to estimate the materials behavior from chemically meaningful building blocks. Among several applications, a comprehensive and systematically built database of atomic or group polarizabilities and related opto‐electronic quantities would be very useful not only to envisage linear or non‐linear optical properties of biomacromolecules but also to improve the accuracy of classical force fields devoted to simulate biochemical processes. In this work, we propose the first entries of such database that contains distributed polarizabilities and dipole moments extracted from fragments of peptides. Twenty three prototypical conformers of the dipeptides alanine–alanine and glycine–glycine were used to extract functional groups such as CH2, CHCH3, NH2, COOH, CONH, thus allowing construction of a diversity of chemically relevant environments. To evaluate the accuracy of our database, reconstructed properties of larger peptides containing up to six residues of alanine and glycine were tested against density functional theory calculations at the M06‐HF/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level of theory. The procedure is particularly accurate for the diagonal components of the polarizability tensor with errors up to 15%. In order to include solvent effects explicitly, the peptides were also surrounded by a box of water molecules whose distribution was optimized using the CHARMM force field. Solvent effects introduced by a classical dipole–dipole interaction model were compared to those obtained from polarizable‐continuum model calculations.
Efficacy and Safety of Annual Infusion of Zoledronic Acid and Weekly Oral Alendronate in the Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Qiuling , Yu Qingzhen , Zeng Ping , Ai Weipeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to reveal the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid compared with alendronate in patients with primary osteoporosis. The PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from the establishment of each database to April 2022 for comparative studies on the topic, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, and 2 authors individually extracted information and data concerning study design, baseline characteristics, bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, and adverse events (AEs). We identified 8 eligible trials, including 1863 participants. Pooled estimates demonstrated that, compared with alendronate, zoledronic acid showed no significant difference in increasing the BMD of the lumbar spine after 1 year (SMD = −0.03, 95%CI −0.15 to 0.09, I2 = 0.41%) or after 2 years (SMD = 0.16, 95%CI −0.12 to 0.43, I2 = 63%), and the BMD of the total hip after 1 year (SMD = −0.08, 95%CI −0.31 to 0.14, I2 = 64%) or after 2 years (SMD = 0.05, 95%CI −0.21 to 0.32, I2 = 61%). No significant difference in improving bone turnover markers, including serum C‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type‐1 collagen, urine N‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type‐1 collagen, and serum procollagen type‐1 N‐terminal propeptide, were found, whereas significantly higher total AE rates (RR = 2.27, 95%CI 1.60 to 3.21, I2 = 75%) were recorded within 3 days of infusion, but some lower AE rates, particularly of gastrointestinal AEs (RR = 0.6, 95%CI 0.44 to 0.83, I2 = 37%), were noted after 3 days of infusion. Compared with alendronate, zoledronic acid has achieved comparable therapeutic results in the treatment of primary osteoporosis in increasing BMD and reducing bone turnover marker levels. Zoledronic acid showed a better safety profile than alendronate with long‐term use, especially with regards to gastrointestinal‐related AEs.
Expression of Ceruloplasmin in the Peripheral Blood of Patients With Drug‐Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Chen Hai‐Yan , Pan Yao‐Xin , Li Xue‐Bin , Yun Yan‐Fang , Yang Gui‐Xin , Jiang Yong‐Ming , Lu Dong , Huang Jian‐Min 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study was performed to detect the expression of ceruloplasmin in the peripheral blood of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy and explore the mechanisms of iron metabolism disorder in drug‐resistant epilepsy. Peripheral blood was collected from 32 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, labeled the drug‐resistant group; 30 patients who were drug responsive, labeled the drug‐responsive group; and 34 healthy people, named the normal group.The expression levels of ceruloplasmin mRNA and ceruloplasmin protein in the peripheral blood of the 3 groups were detected using real‐time fluorescence‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The differences in the expression of ceruloplasmin mRNA of different seizure frequencies and types, electroencephalogram abnormal discharges, and different medication methods were analyzed and compared. The relative expression of ceruloplasmin mRNA and ceruloplasmin protein in the drug‐resistant epilepsy group was significantly higher than that in the drug‐responsive group (P= .002 and .010, respectively) and higher in the drug‐responsive group compared with the normal group (P= .014 and .005, respectively). The relative expression of ceruloplasmin mRNA in patients with epilepsy using different medication methods was statistically significant (P= .001). Patients who received a combination of 2 or 3 drugs exhibited a higher expression than those treated with single‐drug treatment, whereas those who received a combination of 3 drugs had a higher expression than those with 2 drugs (P= .013, .001, and .011, respectively). There was no significant difference in the relative expression of Cp mRNA in patients with epilepsy with different seizure frequencies and types and abnormal electroencephalogram discharges (allP> .05). The increased expression of ceruloplasmin in the peripheral blood of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy was closely related to the different medication methods, but no obvious correlation with epileptic seizure frequencies or types and abnormal electroencephalogram discharges was identified. The increased expression of ceruloplasmin enhanced iron oxidative damage and may be the potential mechanism of drug‐resistant epilepsy and may be one of the drug resistance indicators for combination drugs when treating drug‐resistant epilepsy.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants: An Updated Systematic Review of Their Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Effectiveness and Safety in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bortman Lucia Victoria , Mitchell Florencia , Naveiro Sofia , Pérez Morales Juana , Gonzalez Claudio Daniel , Di Girolamo Guillermo , Giorgi Mariano Anibal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants have been an increasingly used class of drugs in the setting of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, defying vitamin K antagonists’ monopoly when it comes to anticoagulation due to its several limitations. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have entered the market as a noninferior and safer option in comparison with vitamin K antagonists, as their respective phase III clinical trials proved. The aim of this article was to update and summarize data on their clinical pharmacology and to review real‐world data to know their comparative effectiveness and safety. We performed a systematic review using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science as search engines. Regarding pharmacodynamics, there were no substantial changes reported from their original profile. There were many advances in the knowledge about clinical pharmacokinetics of DOACs that have had a direct impact on their clinical use, mainly related to drug‐drug interactions. In a real‐world setting, DOACs have shown to be noninferior in preventing thromboembolic events compared to vitamin K antagonists. In regards to safety, DOACs have shown a lower bleeding risk relative to warfarin. Comparison between DOACs has demonstrated rivaroxaban to have the highest bleeding risk. Overall, the evidence gathered showed few changes from the original data presented in phase III clinical trials, concluding that their real‐world use coincides greatly with them.
Ontogenetic shifts in olfactory rosette morphology of the sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka
Authors: Rheinsmith Sarah E. , Quinn Thomas P. , Dittman Andrew H. , Yopak Kara E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, are anadromous, semelparous fish that breed in freshwater—typically in streams, and juveniles in most populations feed in lakes for 1 or 2 years, then migrate to sea to feed for 2 or 3 additional years, before returning to their natal sites to spawn and die. This species undergoes important changes in behavior, habitat, and morphology through these multiple life history stages. However, the sensory systems that mediate these migratory patterns are not fully understood, and few studies have explored changes in sensory function and specialization throughout ontogeny. This study investigates changes in the olfactory rosette of sockeye salmon across four different life stages (fry, parr, smolt, and adult). Development of the olfactory rosette was assessed by comparing total rosette size (RS), lamellae number, and lamellae complexity from scanning electron microscopy images across life stages, as a proxy for olfactory capacity. Olfactory RS increased linearly with lamellae number and body size (p < .001). The complexity of the rosette, including the distribution of sensory and nonsensory epithelia and the appearance of secondary lamellar folding, varied between fry and adult life stages. These differences in epithelial structure may indicate variation in odor‐processing capacity between juveniles imprinting on their natal stream and adults using those odor memories in the final stages of homing to natal breeding sites. These findings improve our understanding of the development of the olfactory system throughout life in this species, highlighting that ontogenetic shifts in behavior and habitat may coincide with shifts in nervous system development.