bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Stigmatization Fails: Russia and Aggression in Ukraine
Authors: Rogstad Adrian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Why does stigmatization sometimes fail? The literature on stigma in international relations has done an excellent job of pointing to the role successful stigmatization processes play in the construction and maintenance of normative hierarchies, but there has been far less exploration of the conditions under which they may fail in this purpose and the potential consequences for international security and society. This article contributes such an exploration by focusing on the attempted stigma imposition on Russia following its annexation of Crimea in 2014 and support for the insurgency in eastern Ukraine. While Russia was stigmatized as an aggressor by a significant part of international society, including through diplomatic isolation and economic sanctions, this failed to deter further Russian aggression, as demonstrated by its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, and thus to reinforce the norm of territorial integrity. The article investigates the reasons for this failure, locating them both in insufficient stigma imposition—the difficulty in building and maintaining a committed “audience of normals” and to impose strong enough status loss and material costs—and to some extent in Russia's counter-stigmatizing stigma management. In conclusion, it considers what could in theory be done differently for stigma imposition to “work,” and calls for further research on the connections between stigma and emotion, as a core under-researched factor in the stigma literature.
Musculoskeletal Pains among Phlebotomists in Outpatient Clinics: Prevalence and Association with Personal Factors and Ergonomic Analysis of the Workstation
Authors: Atias-Etzion Sigal , Azuri Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems reported by phlebotomists, and the association of these problems with workstation characteristics and personal factors.MethodsSelf-administered questionnaires were distributed to phlebotomists (n = 115; 65.2% response rate). In addition to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, we asked respondents to provide sociodemographic data. An ergonomic score was used for the characterization of workstations.ResultsSymptoms in at least 1 body area within a year were reported by 80.7% of the participants. The lower back, neck, and shoulders were the most common areas in which symptoms occurred (72.7%, 60.9%, and 59%, respectively); these were also the areas with the highest incidence of symptoms disrupting work. A logistic regression model for predicting pain within a year found adequate leg space as a significant component of the ergonomic score (P = .045, OR = 0.222), which was also a protective factor for neck pain disrupting work (P = .047, OR = 0.385).ConclusionsMusculoskeletal problems among phlebotomists were high. Therefore, the positive effects of simple ergonomic measures should be confirmed in further research.
Toward unraveling the correlates of fatigue in glioma
Authors: Röttgering Jantine G , Belgers Vera , De Witt Hamer Philip C , Knoop Hans , Douw Linda , Klein Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEven though fatigue is one of the most prevalent and burdensome symptoms in patients with glioma, its etiology and determinants are still poorly understood. We aimed to identify which demographic, tumor- and treatment-related characteristics and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are associated with or are predictors of fatigue in glioma.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we included glioma patients with preoperative and postoperative assessments including PROMs on fatigue, depression, cognitive functioning, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Linear mixed models were used to identify which clinical factors and PROMs were associated with fatigue and linear multiple regression was used to detect predictors of postoperative fatigue.ResultsIn this study, 222 patients were included (78% grade II–III glioma, 22% grade IV). These patients had performed 333 assessments (193 preoperative and 116 one year postoperatively). Of all assessments, 39% was indicative of severe fatigue. Several HRQoL domains, depression, and right-sided tumors were significantly associated with fatigue (marginal R2 = 0.63). Contrary to common expectations, tumor type, treatment-related factors, and timing of the assessment, were not associated with fatigue. In a subgroup of 70 patients with follow-up assessments, preoperative fatigue, and physical functioning were predictors of postoperative fatigue (adjusted R2 = 0.31).ConclusionFatigue is a complex symptom, which should not solely be attributed to the tumor or its treatment, but is instead related to different aspects of mood and HRQoL. These insights are important in understanding fatigue and could guide symptom management, especially in patients with lower-grade tumors.
Heat stress associated with aerosol PPE and its impact
Authors: Chaudhari N , Strutton P H , Wickham A J , McGregor A H , Mullington C J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Aerosol personal protective equipment (PPE) is subjectively reported to negatively impact healthcare workers’ performance and well-being, but this has not been assessed objectively.

Aims
This randomized controlled crossover study aimed to quantify the heat stress associated with aerosol PPE and to investigate its impact upon mood, cognitive and motor function, and task performance.

Methods
Sixteen healthy, young, lean participants (eight males) undertook an exercise protocol, which simulated the metabolic expenditure of hospital work: once wearing aerosol PPE (PPE visit) and once wearing standard surgical attire (control visit). Participants walked on a treadmill for 2 h followed by 30-min rest. Core temperature, heart rate, urine specific gravity, weight, grip strength, mood (Bond–Lader scale) and task performance (Intubation of a Manikin) were recorded. Values are between-visit mean (standard deviation) differences.

Results
On the PPE visit core temperature (+0.2 (0.3)°C; P &lt; 0.01), heart rate (+12 (13) bpm; P &lt; 0.001), urine specific gravity (+0.003 (0.005); P &lt; 0.05) and intubation task time (+50 (81) s; P &lt; 0.01) were greater than on the control visit; and alertness (−14 (21) mm; P &lt; 0.001), contentment (−14 (15) mm; P &lt; 0.001) and grip strength (−4 (4) N; P &lt; 0.01) were less.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that wearing aerosol PPE in a simulated hospital environment results in heat exhaustion and has a negative impact upon mood, motor function, and task performance. Whilst wearing PPE is important to prevent disease transmission, strategies should be developed to limit its impact upon healthcare workers’ performance and well-being.
Infections Simulating Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicities: Uncommon and Deceptive
Authors: Gudiol Carlota , Hicklen Rachel S , Okhyusen Pablo C , Malek Alexandre E , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a revolutionary treatment in modern oncology, is frequently complicated by immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can be confused with infections, and vice versa, thus complicating management decisions. In this study, we review the published cases of infections as simulators of irAEs in cancer patients.
There is no universal acceleration scale in galaxies
Authors: Chan Man Ho , Desai Shantanu , Del Popolo Antonino 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, many studies have seemed to reveal the existence of some correlations between dark matter and baryonic matter. In particular, the unexpected tight radial acceleration relation (RAR) discovered in rotating galaxies has drawn a lot of attention. The RAR suggests the existence of a universal and fundamental acceleration scale in galaxies, which seems to challenge the ΛCDM model and favor some modified gravity theories. A large debate about whether RAR is compatible with the ΛCDM model has arisen. Here, by analyzing the high-quality velocity dispersion profiles of 13 E0-type elliptical galaxies in the SDSS-IV MaNGA sample and assuming a power-law function of radius r for the 3D velocity dispersion in each galaxy, we report the RAR for E0-type elliptical galaxies and we show that the resultant RAR has more than 5σ deviations from the RAR in late-type galaxies. This new RAR provides an independent probe to falsify the existence of any universal acceleration scale in galaxies. Our result significantly challenges those modified gravity theories that suggest the existence of any universal acceleration scale.
Impact of native and invasive cyclopoid predators in relation to the diversity of the zooplankton community
Authors: Valencia-Vargas Meetztli Alejandra , Nandini S , Castellanos PÁez M E , Sarma S S S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ecological impact of invasive species may be less in communities with high species diversity. We hypothesized that the feeding rates of an invasive copepod would be unaffected by high species diversity of prey in the medium as compared with a native species which would have reduced feeding rates under similar conditions. The biotic resistance to prey consumption was evaluated by testing consumption rate of the invasive species: Mesocyclops pehpeiensis and the native species: Mesocyclops longisetus curvatus, Acanthocyclops americanus, Eucyclops sp. and Microcyclops dubitabilis separately exposed to two treatments: high diversity with 13 prey species (rotifers and microcrustaceans) and low diversity with three prey species (determined on the basis of previous studies on zooplankton diversity in Mexican water bodies). We also tested the prey preference index of M. pehpeiensis in the absence and presence of the native copepod M. longisetus curvatus. M. pehpeiensis consumed the same number of prey in both treatments, regardless of high or low diversity conditions, whereas the four native species consumed less prey in the high diversity than the low diversity treatments. High community diversity may not represent an obstacle to the successful establishment of the invasive exotic copepod M. pehpeiensis.
Eisosome disruption by noncoding RNA deletion increases protein secretion in yeast
Authors: Feng Matthew Wenjie , Delneri Daniela , Millar Catherine B , O'Keefe Raymond T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate many aspects of gene expression. We investigated how ncRNAs affected protein secretion in yeast by large-scale screening for improved endogenous invertase secretion in ncRNA deletion strains with deletion of stable unannotated transcripts (SUTs), cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), tRNAs, or snRNAs. We identified three candidate ncRNAs, SUT418, SUT390, and SUT125, that improved endogenous invertase secretion when deleted. As SUTs can affect expression of nearby genes, we quantified adjacent gene transcription and found that the PIL1 gene was down-regulated in the SUT125 deletion strain. Pil1 is a core component of eisosomes, nonmobile invaginations found throughout the plasma membrane. PIL1 knockout alone, or in combination with eisosome components LSP1 or SUR7, resulted in further increased secretion of invertase. Secretion of heterologous GFP was also increased upon PIL1 deletion, but this increase was signal sequence dependent. To reveal the potential for increased biopharmaceutical production, secretion of monoclonal antibody Pexelizumab scFv peptide was increased by PIL1 deletion. Global analysis of secreted proteins revealed that approximately 20% of secreted proteins, especially serine-enriched secreted proteins, including invertase, were increased upon eisosome disruption. Eisosomes are enriched with APC transporters and sphingolipids, which are essential components for secretory vesicle formation and protein sorting. Sphingolipid and serine biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated upon PIL1 deletion. We propose that increased secretion of endogenous and heterologous proteins upon PIL1 deletion resulted from sphingolipid redistribution in the plasma membrane and up-regulated sphingolipid biosynthesis. Overall, a new pathway to improve protein secretion in yeast via eisosome disruption has been identified.
Sex differences in interindividual gene expression variability across human tissues
Authors: Khodursky Samuel , Jiang Caroline S , Zheng Eric B , Vaughan Roger , Schrider Daniel R , Zhao Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding phenotypic sex differences has long been a goal of biology from both a medical and evolutionary perspective. Although much attention has been paid to mean differences in phenotype between the sexes, little is known about sex differences in phenotypic variability. To gain insight into sex differences in interindividual variability at the molecular level, we analyzed RNA-seq data from 43 tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx). Within each tissue, we identified genes that show sex differences in gene expression variability. We found that these sex-differentially variable (SDV) genes are associated with various important biological functions, including sex hormone response, immune response, and other signaling pathways. By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data collected from breast epithelial cells, we found that genes with sex differences in gene expression variability in breast tissue tend to be expressed in a cell-type-specific manner. We looked for an association between SDV expression and Graves’ disease, a well-known heavily female-biased disease, and found a significant enrichment of Graves’ associated genes among genes with higher variability in females in thyroid tissue. This suggests a possible role for SDV expression in sex-biased disease. We then examined the evolutionary constraints acting on genes with sex differences in variability and found that they exhibit evidence of increased selective constraint. Through analysis of sex-biased eQTL data, we found evidence that SDV expression may have a genetic basis. Finally, we propose a simple evolutionary model for the emergence of SDV expression from sex-specific constraints.
Pricing Implications of Noise
Authors: Goulding Christian L , Santosh Shrihari , Zhang Xingtan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the interaction between noisy demand and skewed asset payoffs. In our model, price as a function of quantities is convex in a neighborhood around zero if and only if skewness is positive. The combination of convexity and noise produces the idiosyncratic skewness effect, a documented negative relationship between an asset’s idiosyncratic skewness and its expected return. We further offer an explanation for the idiosyncratic volatility puzzle. Finally, our theory predicts that higher idiosyncratic skewness strengthens the idiosyncratic volatility effect (and vice versa). We find support for this prediction in the cross-section of stock returns.
Efficacy and safety of risankizumab for active psoriatic arthritis: 52-week results from the KEEPsAKE 1 study
Authors: Kristensen Lars Erik , Keiserman Mauro , Papp Kim , McCasland Leslie , White Douglas , Lu Wenjing , Soliman Ahmed M , Eldred Ann , Barcomb Lisa , Behrens Frank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
PsA is a chronic disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations requiring treatment options with long-term efficacy and safety. In this follow-up analysis, the 52-week efficacy and safety of risankizumab 150 mg in patients with active PsA who had previous inadequate response/intolerance to one or more conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARD-IR) were evaluated.

Methods
KEEPsAKE 1 is an ongoing, global, phase 3 study with a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled period (period 1) and an open-label extension period (period 2). In period 1, eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to receive subcutaneous risankizumab 150 mg or placebo at weeks 0, 4 and 16. At week 24 (period 2), all continuing patients received open-label risankizumab 150 mg every 12 weeks through week 208.

Results
At week 24, 57.3% of risankizumab-treated patients (n = 483) achieved ≥20% improvement in ACR criteria (ACR20) vs 33.5% of placebo-treated patients (n = 481; P &lt; 0.001). At week 52, 70.0% of patients who were randomized to receive continuous risankizumab therapy and 63.0% of patients who were randomized to receive placebo in period 1 and then receive risankizumab at week 24 achieved ACR20. Similar result trends were observed for other efficacy measures. Risankizumab was well tolerated through 52 weeks of treatment with a consistent safety profile from week 24 through week 52.

Conclusion
In patients with active PsA who were csDMARD-IR, continuous risankizumab treatment demonstrated robust long-term efficacy and was well tolerated through 52 weeks of treatment.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, KEEPsAKE1, NCT03675308.
Caring for the Bereaved Parents in the NICU
Authors: Mirlashari Jila , Nikbakht Nasrabadi Alireza , Holsti Liisa , Ghorbani Fatemeh , Hosseini Mohammad Bagher , Fadaei Zeinab 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Grief after infant death is a common experience of bereaved parents often seen in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The NICU staff tend to focus more on the mother's support, and fathers are often not treated equally as mothers. This study aimed to investigate the circumstance of caring for parents facing infant death in NICUs.

Methods:
Twenty-eight face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted between March 2018 and April 2019 in the northwest of Iran. Participants were selected via purposive sampling. An inductive thematic approach was used for data analysis.

Results:
Three main themes and 7 subthemes were extracted. The main themes were: “the father—the missing piece of the puzzle in the mourning process,” “restricted presence of fathers due to religious and traditional beliefs,” and “the father—the patience stone.”

Conclusion:
Due to cultural-religious backgrounds, traditional beliefs, structural problems, and organizational restrictions, fathers in NICUs do not receive adequate support, particularly when faced with their infant's death. Bereaved fathers need to receive more support and attention from healthcare providers. Therefore, there is a need for changing the care providers' attitudes regarding the role of fathers and the quality of support that fathers should receive in the Muslim populations.
Functional analysis of the antigen binding sites on the MTB/HIV-1 peptide bispecific T-cell receptor complementarity determining region 3α
Authors: Zhou Chao-Ying , Wang Rui-Ning , He Wen-Ting , Luo Dong-Rong , Yuan Si-Rui , Wen Qian , Hu Sheng-Feng , Zhou Xin-Ying , Ma Li 
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus (MTB/HIV) coinfection has become an urgent problem in the field of prevention and control of infectious diseases in recent years. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells which recognize the specific antigen artificially may have tremendous potential in anti-MTB/HIV coinfection. We have previously successfully identified a MTB Ag85B199–207 and HIV-1 Env120–128 peptide-bispecific TCR screened out from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a HLA-A∗0201+ healthy individual and have further studied that how residues on the predicted complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 of the β chain contribute to the bispecific TCR contact with the peptide-MHC. However, it is not clear which amino acids in the predicted CDR3α of the bispecific TCR play a crucial role in ligand recognition.

Methods:
The variants in the CDR3α of the bispecific TCR were generated using alanine substitution. We then evaluated the immune effects of the five variants on T-cell recognition upon encounter with the MTB or HIV-1 antigen.

Results:
Mutation of two amino acids (E112A, Y115A) in CDR3α of the bispecific TCR caused a markedly diminished T-cell response to antigen, whereas mutation of the other three amino acids (S113A, P114A, S116A) resulted in completely eliminated response.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that Ser113, Pro114 and Ser116 in CDR3α of the bispecific TCR are especially important for antigen recognition. These results will pave the way for the future development of an improved high-affinity bispecific TCR for use in adoptive cellular immunotherapy for MTB/HIV coinfected patients.
Theta neuron subject to delayed feedback: a prototypical model for self-sustained pulsing
Authors: Laing Carlo R. , Krauskopf Bernd 
Published: October 2022

We consider a single theta neuron with delayed self-feedback in the form of a Dirac delta function in time. Because the dynamics of a theta neuron on its own can be solved explicitly—it is either excitable or shows self-pulsations—we are able to derive algebraic expressions for the existence and stability of the periodic solutions that arise in the presence of feedback. These periodic solutions are characterized by one or more equally spaced pulses per delay interval, and there is an increasing amount of multistability with increasing delay time. We present a complete description of where these self-sustained oscillations can be found in parameter space; in particular, we derive explicit expressions for the loci of their saddle-node bifurcations. We conclude that the theta neuron with delayed self-feedback emerges as a prototypical model: it provides an analytical basis for understanding pulsating dynamics observed in other excitable systems subject to delayed self-coupling.
Applying the indexing system for assessment of effectiveness of the exhaust emission compliance certification process for passenger cars
Authors: Pandey Abhinav , Pandey Govind , Mishra Rajeev Kumar 
Published: October 2022

The inspection/maintenance programmes exist in most countries, aiming at vehicular emission reduction through exhaust emission monitoring and compliance policy to the extant norms. However, considering the absence of an intra-vehicle approach, the higher success rate of vehicles towards compliance policy remains a grey area. The paper attempts to examine this issue through the application of an exhaust emission index (EEI) for petrol-driven cars. The study observed two different scales finding that the Bharat Stage emission norm scale method reports lower ranges of EEI compared with the linear scale (LS) method (EEI
min-BSNS
= 1.12 and EEI
min-LS
= 1.25; EEI
max-BSNS
= 20.70 and EEI
max-LS
= 29.54). The LS method and the maximum operator form of aggregation are recommended as these can find the highest number of non-compliant cars (21.81% and 12.03% of the ‘poor’ class, respectively) in the whole fleet tested. The EEI gives a more scientific approach to vehicular emission evaluation, like what the air quality index does in the case of the ambient air quality. It helps vehicle owners know their car's emission status as a quick reference index (EEI). The accurate status of such emission further helps the policymakers affect the better phasing-out norms.