bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of ultrasonic diagnostics for investigation and detection of structural changes in the lungs in COVID-19
Authors: Habchak Andriy , Stasiv Iryna 
Published: January 2022

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various lung changes caused by SARS-Co V-2 is extremely important and relevant, as it will allow timely action to take the necessary measures to treat and stop the spread of lesions. Ultrasound diagnosis allows you to quickly, non-invasively, and cheaply conduct research that is accurate and effective enough to make or confirm a diagnosis. The article highlights the main structural changes in the lungs found in 86 patients with a positive PCR test for coronavirus virus. The following sonographic signs were observed during the study: B-line (in 54% of patients), white lung effect (in 20.6% of patients), consolidation (11 people – 17.5%), of which 6 patients with consolidation less than 1 cm and 5 patients had consolidations greater than 1 cm, pleural effusion was observed in 7 patients.
Our research is important both in terms of increasing the informativeness of the diagnosis for physicians and patients, for whom it is important to quickly, non-invasively, and economically compare, detect disease and begin treatment promptly.
The efficiency of the respiratory system of men at risk of social exclusion
Authors: Pujszo Ryszard , Zając Magdalena , Przybylski Grzegorz 
Published: January 2022

Background: Some part of the Polish society, after 1989, especially that coming from the remote farming areas – on the bankrupt State Agriculatural Farm could not cope in the new reality. Unemployment and the associated bad financial situation, poor housing conditions, and even homelessness, difficult access to medical care often generated the beginnings of social exclusion. Did those aspects also generate the impairment of the respiratory system or do the socio-demographic conditions demonstrate the relationship with the efficiency of the respiratory system?
Material and Methods: 210 people from Tuchola County at risk of social exclusion underwent spirometry testing. The spirometry results were demonstrated against a background of the same measurements carried out on the group of 95 people – physical labourers and white-collar workers of Kazimierz Wielki University. Basic socio-demographic conditions of people at risk of social exclusion were surveyed.
Results: Low efficiency of the respiratory system is a characteristic feature of people at risk of social exclusion. Social and living conditions (including housing conditions and unemployment period) demonstrate vital relations with the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Conclusions: Poor social and living conditions and smoking of the examined people significantly change their chances of the standard spirometry results. However, good social and living conditions suggest that there is a possibility of the compensation of bad effects of smoking.
Conditioning of nurses’ work in infectious diseases wards in association with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sierpińska Lidia , Kopeć Justyna 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Infectious diseases, due to their specificity and rapid spread, require a special, individual approach, not only to the treatment, but also to the protection of medical staff against infection.
Objective: The aim of the study is recognition of the conditioning of work of nurses in hospitals dedicated to COVID-19, at the time of pandemic.
Materials and Method
The study included 100 nursing staff - 78 females (78%) and 22 males (22%) employed in Polish hospitals dedicated to care of patients with COVID-19 by virtue of the Minister of Health [5]. The research material was collected during the period from 15 January 2021 - do 12 February 2021. The largest group in the study was aged under 30 (32%), and similarly those aged 31 - 40 (31%). The respondents aged 41 - 50 constituted 21% of the nursing staff examined. The smallest group of nurses was aged over 60 (16%). The largest number of the nursing staff lived in urban areas (78%), whereas the reminder in rural areas (22%).
The study was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire technique, while the research tool was an author-constructed questionnaire designed for the purpose of the presented study.
Conclusions

In dedicated hospitals it is necessary to optimize the equipment in the ward indispensable for care of patients with COVID-19, which would improve the working conditions of nurses.
It is advisable to adjust the employment of nurses to the demand for nursing care of patients seriously ill with COVID-19, treated in dedicated hospitals.
In infectious diseases hospitals, in-hospital training courses should be intensified concerning the OSH and sanitary-hygienic principles in care of patients with COVID-19, because ¼ of the examined nurses indicated such a need.
Quality of Educational Programs for Elementary School-Age Students With Autism
Authors: Odom Samuel L. , Sam Ann M. , Tomaszewski Brianne , Cox Ann W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of educational programs for school-aged children with autism in the United States. Investigators completed the Autism Program Environment Quality Rating Systems-Preschool/Elementary (APERS-PE) in 60 elementary schools enrolling children with autism. The mean total rating scores were near the midpoint rating, indicating schools were providing educational program environments classified as adequate but not of high quality. Domains of the APERS-PE reflecting structural quality tended to be significantly above average and domains reflecting process quality tended to be significantly below average. With a few exceptions, inclusive and special education program did not differ significantly in total program quality ratings and reflected the same pattern of domain quality ratings.
GHz guided optomechanics in planar semiconductor microcavities
Authors: Crespo-Poveda Antonio , Kuznetsov Alexander S. , Hernández-Mínguez Alberto , Tahraoui Abbes , Biermann Klaus , Santos Paulo V. 
Published: January 2022

Hybrid opto, electro, and mechanical systems operating at several GHz
offer extraordinary opportunities for the coherent control of
opto-electronic excitations down to the quantum limit. We introduce
here a monolithic platform for GHz semiconductor optomechanics based
on electrically excited phonons guided along the spacer of a planar
microcavity (MC) embedding quantum well (QW) emitters. The MC spacer
bound by cleaved lateral facets acts as an embedded acoustic waveguide
cavity with a high quality factor (

Q
∼

10
5

) at frequencies well beyond 6 GHz,
along which the acoustic modes live over tens of µs. The strong
acoustic fields and the enhanced optomechanical coupling mediated by
electronic resonances induce a huge modulation of the energy (in the
meV range) and strength (over 80%) of the QW photoluminescence, which,
in turn, becomes a sensitive local phonon probe. Furthermore, we show
the coherent coupling of acoustic modes at different sample depths,
thus opening the way for phonon-mediated coherent control and
interconnection of three-dimensional epitaxial nanostructures.
Dimensionen der Führung: Eine begriffsdefinitorische Grundlegung (ethikorientierter) guter Führung
Authors: Schmalzried Lisa , Fröhlich Friederike , Vondermaßen Marcel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAngesichts der Omnipräsenz von Führung, ihres Potentials und leider auch des häufigen Missbrauches von Führung stellt sich die Frage, was gute Führung auszeichnet. Als Antwort hierauf werden seit den 1980er Jahren vermehrt führungsethische Theorien formuliert. Diese Ansätze zeichnen sich allerdings durch eine große Heterogenität aus. Das ist sowohl eine Herausforderung für die wissenschaftlich-theoretische Debatte als auch für ihren praxisbezogenen Orientierungsanspruch. Dieser Artikel setzt hier an und formuliert eine Minimaldefinition, die alle zentralen Dimensionen von Führung erfasst, sich trotzdem auf das Wesentliche konzentriert, zugleich normativ neutral ist als auch moralische Fragen mitdenkt: Führung ist ein interpersoneller, asymmetrischer, kontextsensibler und zielorientierter Prozess der Einflussnahme. Diese Definition zeigt, dass Führung fünf miteinander verflochtene aber analytisch trennbare Dimensionen aufweist: (1) Führende, (2) Geführte (3) Interaktionsprozess (4) Ziele und (5) Kontext. Damit ist ein gemeinsamer Bezugsrahmen der Debatte vorhanden, der die wesentlichen Dimensionen von Führung und ihre moralischen Orte theorieübergreifend identifiziert. So können unterschiedliche (ethische) Führungstheorien miteinander ins Gespräch kommen, miteinander verglichen und bewertet werden. Zugleich ist damit ein Fundament für die potentielle Weiterentwicklung und moraltheoretische Fundierung führungsethischer Theorien geschaffen.
EDIBLE ONION FLOWERS (ALLIUM L.) AS A SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Fomina Tat'yana Ivanovna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna 
Published: January 2022

The results of comparative study of the content of biologically active substances in the flowers of 10 species of perennial onions Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch., A. altaicum Pall., A. flavum L., A. microdictyon Prokh., A. nutans L., A. obliquum L., A. ramosum L., A. rosenbachianum Regel, A. schoenoprasum L., A. senescens L. var. glaucum Regel (A. senescens ssp. glaucum (Schrad.) N. Friesen) are presented. The freshly collected raw materials in the phase of mass flowering were analyzed. The dry matter content was determined by drying 1 g of raw material at 100–105 °C to a constant mass. The amount of phenolic compounds, pectin substances, total sugars, and carotenoids was determined spectrophotometrically using SF-56 (Russia) and SF "Agilent" 8453 (USA). For the first time, data on the quantitative content of the main groups of secondary metabolites in onion flowers were obtained. It has been established that in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, flowers of Allium species contain: 10.7-22.5% dry substances, 6.6-26.2% total sugars, 3.3–18.6% pectin substances, 3.6–10.6% phenolic compounds, 3.0–23.4 mg% carotenoids (per mass of absolutely dry materials) and 35.4–157.8 mg% ascorbic acid (per mass of raw materials). The highest values were found for A. rosenbachianum, A. flavum, and A. aflatunense. The high variability of the accumulation of biologically active substances is due to the species and the influence of weather conditions during the growing season. The study showed the prospects for using onion flowers as a source of various bioactive compounds, including when added to food.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED XANTHAN GUM
Authors: Osovskaya Iraida Ivanovna , Borodina Anastasia Maksimovna , Kurzin Aleksandr  Vyacheslavovich , Roshchin Victor Ivanovich 
Published: January 2022

Xanthan gum is widely used as a stabilizing, emulsifying, thickening agent in pharmacology, medicine, food, oil, paint, textile, perfume, mining and agriculture. For food purposes, potassium, sodium or calcium salts of xanthan formed by carboxyl groups of glucuronic acid and pyruvate group are used. Currently, xanthan gum is not produced on an industrial scale in Russia. There are repeated attempts to create industries in various regions of the country.
The paper synthesizes hydrophobized acetylated xanthan gum derivatives with different degrees of substitution. Physical-chemical and colloidal-chemical properties of initial and modified gum are compared by methods of viscosimetry, tensiometry, IR spectroscopy. The point of zero charge of xanthan gum is determined.. Change of macromolecule conformation depending on pH of aqueous solution and preliminary dewatering is shown. Delamination temperatures of initial and modified forms of xanthan gum were determined. The critical micelle formation concentration of the modified gum is 0.2%. At this concentration, the surface activity of the gum is 6.1 and 7.9 mJ m/kg when replacing two and five hydroxo groups, respectively. The possibility of using modified xanthan gum as a binder for obtaining fuel pellets with improved operational properties and calorific value is shown.
BENEFÍCIOS DA AROMATERAPIA COM ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE LAVANDA NAS DIFERENTES FASES DA VIDA DA MULHER
Authors: Gomes Vitoria Marti , Nicoletti Maria Aparecida 
Published: January 2022

Durante toda a vida, as mulheres são afetadas por sintomas decorrentes das mais diversas fases reprodutivas que vivem, se iniciando desde a juventude podendo se estender até idades mais avançadas, apresentando, muitas vezes, sintomas que as incapacitam de exercerem suas atividades, afetando assim sua autonomia e sua visibilidade social. A aromaterapia é uma prática onde se utiliza a inalação de óleos essenciais - concentrados voláteis extraídos de vegetais - com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde física, mental e o bem-estar do usuário. O trabalho abordará a utilização da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de Lavanda como uma Prática Integrativa e Complementar para o tratamento e alívio dos sintomas vividos por essas mulheres. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar se a prática da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de Lavanda poderia ou não trazer benefícios à saúde física e mental das mulheres. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfi ca do tipo narrativa dos últimos 10 anos, com artigos em idiomas português e inglês obtidos pelas bases de dados US National Library of Medicine – National Institute of Health (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde – LILACS) e Web of Science. Também foram utilizadas informações em relatórios, publicações de sites de instituições nacionais, internacionais, públicas e privadas. Todos os artigos selecionados dentro dos critérios de inclusão propostos apresentaram resultados positivos com relação à utilização da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda em, ao menos, uma das esferas de sintomas testadas nos ensaios clínicos, demonstrando que essa terapia é capaz de amenizar sintomas de diversas fases vivenciadas pelas mulheres.
INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE NO LABORATÓRIO CLÍNICO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: De Almeida Thaís Batista , Brune Maria Fernanda Spegiorin 
Published: January 2022

A qualidade laboratorial é defi nida como a garantia de que toda e qualquer etapa do processo de teste é realizada corretamente. Buscando a melhoria da qualidade dos laboratórios tornou-se necessária a criação de padrões mínimos de organização para que os mesmos funcionassem. O laboratório clínico deve assegurar a confiabilidade dos serviços laboratoriais prestados por meio de controle - interno e externo - da qualidade. Todas as ações sistemáticas necessárias para dar confiança aos serviços laboratoriais a fim de atender as necessidades de saúde do paciente e prevenir a ocorrência dos erros é definido por componente operacional do sistema de controle de qualidade que podem ser medidos por meio dos indicadores de qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os indicadores de qualidade mais usados entre os laboratórios clínicos e em qual fase do processo de testagem observa-se uma maior quantidade de erros. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de artigos pesquisados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde com as palavras-chave: Indicadores de qualidade e Laboratório Clínico, no período de 2016 a 2021, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Foram selecionados 15 artigos que abordavam as fases extra-analíticas e analíticas, sendo que a maioria dos autores abordou a fase pré-analítica, visto a elevada quantidade de erros observada nesta etapa, seguido da etapa pós-analítica e de forma superficial, foi citada a etapa analítica, visto que a mesma apresenta a menor quantidade de erros no laboratório. A utilização adequada de indicadores de qualidade é uma ferramenta muito útil na gestão do laboratório, principalmente nas etapas extra-analíticas. Cabe a cada gestor a escolha dos indicadores de qualidade que melhor atendam às suas necessidades, considerando além dos aspectos econômicos, a segurança do paciente.
Notes from the Editors, January 2022
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: January 2022

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This number of Monthly Review is a special issue guest edited by Manolo De Los Santos and Vijay Prashad on The Cuban Revolution Today: Experiments in the Grip of Challenges. Although it covers the major internal struggles of the ongoing Cuban Revolution, along with the external attacks on it by Washington, one unaddressed area of critical importance, which deserves mention, is Cuba’s world leadership in sustainable human development.
Syntactic complexity in Finnish-background EFL learners’ writing at CEFR levels A1–B2
Authors: Khushik Ghulam Abbas , Huhta Ari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing importance of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) has led to research on the linguistic characteristics of its levels, as this would help the application of the CEFR in the design of teaching materials, courses, and assessments. This study investigated whether CEFR levels can be distinguished with reference to syntactic complexity (SC). 14- and 17-year-old Finnish learners of English (N=397) wrote three writing tasks which were rated against the CEFR levels. The ratings were analysed with multi-facet Rasch analysis and the texts were analysed with automated tools. Findings suggest that the clearest separators at lower CEFR levels (A1–A2) were the mean sentence and T-unit length, variation in sentence length, infinitive density, clauses per sentence or T-unit, and verb phrases per T-unit. For higher levels (B1–B2) they were modifiers per noun phrase, mean clause length, complex nominals per clause, and left embeddedness. The results support previous findings that the length of and variation in the longer production units (sentences, T-units) are the SC indices that most clearly separate the lower CEFR levels, whereas the higher levels are best distinguished in terms of complexity at the clausal and phrasal levels.
Plasmonic nanostructures for shrinking structured light to access forbidden transitions
Authors: Sakai Kyosuke , Kitajima Hiroki , Sasaki Keiji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures have considerable applicability in light–matter interactions owing to their capacity for strong field confinement and enhancement. Nanogap structures allow us to tailor electric field distributions at the nanoscale, bridging the differences in size and shape of atomic and light structures. In this study, we demonstrated that a plasmonic tetramer structure can squeeze structured light into a nanoscale area, in which a strong field gradient allows access to forbidden transitions. Numerical simulations showed that the gold tetramer structure on a glass substrate possesses a plasmonic eigenmode, which forms structured light with a quadrupole profile in the nanogap region at the center of the tetramer. The top–down technique employed using electron-beam lithography allows us to produce a gap size of approximately 50 nm, which supports plasmonic resonance in the near-infrared regime. In addition, we demonstrated an array architecture in which a collective lattice resonance enhances the intensity of the quadrupole field in multiple lattice units. This study highlights the possibility of accessing multipolar transitions in a combined system of structured light and plasmonic nanostructures. Our findings may lead to new platforms for spectroscopy, sensing, and light sources that take advantage of the full electronic spectrum of an emitter.
Szolgáltatásminőség-mérés és -értékelés bevezetése egy gyermekvédelemi intézményben a nevelőszülői képzések fejlesztésének céljával
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna Eszter , Emődi Máté 
Published: January 2022

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
Az ügyfelek elégedettségmérési és -értékelési eredményei a szolgáltatásminőség javításának, fejlesztésének meghatározó inputjai. A gyermekvédelmi ellátási rendszerben a nevelőszülők kulcsfontosságú belső vevői szerepkörben jelennek meg: szolgáltatást vesznek igénybe és maguk is szolgáltatást nyújtanak, ezért e sajátos szerepük alapján vizsgáltuk az általuk igénybe vett nevelőszülői szolgáltatások minőségét és a képzésükhöz kapcsolódó fejlesztés lehetőségeit.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A diszkonfirmációs paradigmán alapuló szolgáltatásminőség-mérési és -értékelési eljárás testre szabásával kívántuk azonosítani és igazolni a nevelőszülőknek nyújtott szolgáltatások minőségdimenzióit. A vizsgált gyermekvédelmi intézmény öt megyét érintő nevelőszülői hálózatában 100 nevelőszülő bevonásával végeztük el pilot jelleggel az empirikus eredmények összegyűjtését és elemzését.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
Az elemzés eredményei alapján a következő dimenziókat azonosítottuk: érzelmi támogatás, szakmai segítségnyújtás, képzések fontossága, képzések testreszabhatósága, tanácsadói környezet, ill. várakozási idő és felkészültség. Tudomásunk szerint ez az első átfogó szolgáltatásminőség-mérési és -értékelési kezdeményezés a hazai gyermekvédelemben a nevelőszülői elvárásokat és észleléseket vizsgálva.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
Az elemzés eredményei alapján a nevelőszülőknek nyújtott képzések szervezésével kapcsolatos konkrét minőségfejlesztési javaslatok megfogalmazására került sor a PDCA logikának megfelelően, továbbá javaslatot tettünk az alkalmazott módszertan továbbfejlesztésére.
Hippocampal Disinhibition Reduces Contextual and Elemental Fear Conditioning While Sparing the Acquisition of Latent Inhibition
Authors: Williams Stuart A. , Gwilt Miriam , Hock Rebecca , Taylor Charlotte , Loayza Joanna , Stevenson Carl W. , Cassaday Helen J. , Bast Tobias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHippocampal neural disinhibition, i.e., reduced GABAergic inhibition, is a key feature of schizophrenia pathophysiology. The hippocampus is an important part of the neural circuitry that controls fear conditioning and can also modulate prefrontal and striatal mechanisms, including dopamine signaling, which play a role in salience modulation. Consequently, hippocampal neural disinhibition may contribute to impairments in fear conditioning and salience modulation reported in schizophrenia. Therefore, we examined the effect of ventral hippocampus (VH) disinhibition in male rats on fear conditioning and salience modulation, as reflected by latent inhibition (LI), in a conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure. A flashing light was used as the conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned suppression was used to index conditioned fear. In experiment 1, VH disinhibition via infusion of the GABA-A receptor antagonist picrotoxin before CS pre-exposure and conditioning markedly reduced fear conditioning to both the CS and context; LI was evident in saline-infused controls but could not be detected in picrotoxin-infused rats because of the low level of fear conditioning to the CS. In experiment 2, VH picrotoxin infusions only before CS pre-exposure did not affect the acquisition of fear conditioning or LI. Together, these findings indicate that VH neural disinhibition disrupts contextual and elemental fear conditioning, without affecting the acquisition of LI. The disruption of fear conditioning resembles aversive conditioning deficits reported in schizophrenia and may reflect a disruption of neural processing both within the hippocampus and in projection sites of the hippocampus.