bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single-dose, open-label, randomized, scintigraphic study to investigate the gastrointestinal behavior of 2 triple-combination cold products (acetaminophen, phenylephrine, and dextromethorphan) in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Mallefet Pascal , Armogida Marianna , Doll Walter J. , Page Richard C. , Sandefer Erik P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Common cold symptoms may be mitigated by products in caplet, nasal spray, and oral solution formulations, although variations exist in the bioavailability of the active ingredients contained within these products. Rapid gastric emptying (GE) of these active ingredients is important for reducing the delay between drug absorption and onset of cold symptom relief. Hot drink cold remedies are associated with greater comfort and may enhance the bioavailability of active ingredients. The objective of this study was to characterize the gastrointestinal transit of powder (reconstituted in hot water) and caplet formulations of commercially available multisymptom cold medications.

Methods
This was an open-label, single-dose, parallel-group study. Healthy male adults under fasted conditions were randomized 1:1 to receive a single dose of radiolabeled Theraflu Daytime Severe Cold and Cough powder for oral solution or radiolabeled Theraflu ExpressMax Daytime Severe Cold and Cough caplet. External gamma scintigraphy was utilized to monitor GE and intestinal transit of two radiolabeled drug formulations.

Results
A total of 28 participants completed the study. The mean ± SE GE onset times were 1.1 ± 0.3 min and 8.5 ± 1.8 min for powder and caplet formulations, respectively. The mean ± SE GE completion times were 121 ± 13 min and 65 ± 13 min, respectively. Despite the similar mean times to GE25%, the powder had later mean GE50% (23 ± 3.0 vs 16 ± 3.2 min, respectively) and GE90% (85 ± 12 vs 36 ± 9 min, respectively) than caplets. Caplets had a shorter overall GE half-life, lower total gastric exposure, and faster transit time through the small intestine versus the powder formulation. No serious safety events were observed.

Conclusion
The results of this study in healthy male adults suggest that the Theraflu powder formulation had a more rapid GE onset but longer time to GE completion than the caplet formulation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT03415243
Cytokine signatures differentiate systemic sclerosis patients at high versus low risk for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Kolstad Kathleen D. , Khatri Avani , Donato Michele , Chang Sarah E. , Li Shufeng , Steen Virginia D. , Utz Paul J. , Khatri Purvesh , Chung Lorinda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects approximately 10% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is a leading cause of death. We sought to identify serum cytokine signatures that risk stratify SSc patients for this potentially fatal complication.

Methods
Subjects at high risk for PAH and with incident PAH based on right heart catheterization (RHC) were enrolled in the multi-center prospective registry, Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcomes in Scleroderma (PHAROS). Low-risk SSc patients were enrolled at Stanford and had normal pulmonary function test and echocardiogram parameters. Serum was available from 71 high-risk patients, 81 incident PAH patients, 10 low-risk patients, and 20 healthy controls (HC). Custom 14- and 65-plex arrays were used for cytokine analysis. Cytokine expression was compared between patient groups by principal component analysis and Tukey’s test result. A multiple hypotheses corrected p value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Exploratory analysis using principal components showed unique clustering for each patient group. There was a significant difference in cytokine expression in at least one group comparison for every cytokine. Overall, there was very little difference in cytokine expression comparing high-risk and PAH patient groups; however, these groups had substantially different cytokine profiles compared to low-risk patients and HC.

Conclusion
These data suggest that cytokine profiles can distinguish SSc patients who are at high-risk for or have PAH from SSc patients who may be at lower risk for PAH and HC. However, high-risk and PAH patients had very similar cytokine profiles, suggesting that these patients are on a disease continuum.
Aberrant epigenetic and transcriptional events associated with breast cancer risk
Authors: Marino Natascia , German Rana , Podicheti Ram , Rusch Douglas B. , Rockey Pam , Huang Jie , Sandusky George E. , Temm Constance J. , Althouse Sandra , Nephew Kenneth P. , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Liu Jun , Vode Ashley , Cao Sha , Storniolo Anna Maria V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies have identified several breast cancer susceptibility loci. However, biomarkers for risk assessment are still missing. Here, we investigated cancer-related molecular changes detected in tissues from women at high risk for breast cancer prior to disease manifestation. Disease-free breast tissue cores donated by healthy women (N = 146, median age = 39 years) were processed for both methylome (MethylCap) and transcriptome (Illumina’s HiSeq4000) sequencing. Analysis of tissue microarray and primary breast epithelial cells was used to confirm gene expression dysregulation.

Results
Transcriptomic analysis identified 69 differentially expressed genes between women at high and those at average risk of breast cancer (Tyrer-Cuzick model) at FDR < 0.05 and fold change ≥ 2. Majority of the identified genes were involved in DNA damage checkpoint, cell cycle, and cell adhesion. Two genes, FAM83A and NEK2, were overexpressed in tissue sections (FDR < 0.01) and primary epithelial cells (p < 0.05) from high-risk breasts. Moreover, 1698 DNA methylation changes were identified in high-risk breast tissues (FDR < 0.05), partially overlapped with cancer-related signatures, and correlated with transcriptional changes (p < 0.05, r ≤ 0.5). Finally, among the participants, 35 women donated breast biopsies at two time points, and age-related molecular alterations enhanced in high-risk subjects were identified.

Conclusions
Normal breast tissue from women at high risk of breast cancer bears molecular aberrations that may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. This study is the first molecular characterization of the true normal breast tissues, and provides an opportunity to investigate molecular markers of breast cancer risk, which may lead to new preventive approaches.
Cortical microstructure in primary progressive aphasia: a multicenter study
Authors: Illán-Gala Ignacio , Montal Victor , Borrego-Écija Sergi , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Falgàs Neus , Welch Ariane E. , Pegueroles Jordi , Santos-Santos Miguel , Bejanin Alexandre , Alcolea Daniel , Dols-Icardo Oriol , Belbin Olivia , Sánchez-Saudinós Mª. Belén , Bargalló Nuria , González-Ortiz Sofía , Lladó Albert , Blesa Rafael , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rosen Howard J. , Miller Bruce L. , Lleó Alberto , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Fortea Juan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cortical mean diffusivity is a novel imaging metric sensitive to early changes in neurodegenerative syndromes. Higher cortical mean diffusivity values reflect microstructural disorganization and have been proposed as a sensitive biomarker that might antedate macroscopic cortical changes. We aimed to test the hypothesis that cortical mean diffusivity is more sensitive than cortical thickness to detect cortical changes in primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Methods
In this multicenter, case-control study, we recruited 120 patients with PPA (52 non-fluent, 31 semantic, and 32 logopenic variants; and 5 GRN-related PPA) as well as 89 controls from three centers. The 3-Tesla MRI protocol included structural and diffusion-weighted sequences. Disease severity was assessed with the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Cortical thickness and cortical mean diffusivity were computed using a surface-based approach.

Results
The comparison between each PPA variant and controls revealed cortical mean diffusivity increases and cortical thinning in overlapping regions, reflecting the canonical loci of neurodegeneration of each variant. Importantly, cortical mean diffusivity increases also expanded to other PPA-related areas and correlated with disease severity in all PPA groups. Cortical mean diffusivity was also increased in patients with very mild PPA when only minimal cortical thinning was observed and showed a good correlation with measures of disease severity.

Conclusions
Cortical mean diffusivity shows promise as a sensitive biomarker for the study of the neurodegeneration-related microstructural changes in PPA.
Automated detection of lung cancer-caused metastasis by classifying scintigraphic images using convolutional neural network with residual connection and hybrid attention mechanism
Authors: Guo Yanru , Lin Qiang , Zhao Shaofang , Li Tongtong , Cao Yongchun , Man Zhengxing , Zeng Xianwu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Whole-body bone scan is the widely used tool for surveying bone metastases caused by various primary solid tumors including lung cancer. Scintigraphic images are characterized by low specificity, bringing a significant challenge to manual analysis of images by nuclear medicine physicians. Convolutional neural network can be used to develop automated classification of images by automatically extracting hierarchal features and classifying high-level features into classes.

Results
Using convolutional neural network, a multi-class classification model has been developed to detect skeletal metastasis caused by lung cancer using clinical whole-body scintigraphic images. The proposed method consisted of image aggregation, hierarchal feature extraction, and high-level feature classification. Experimental evaluations on a set of clinical scintigraphic images have shown that the proposed multi-class classification network is workable for automated detection of lung cancer-caused metastasis, with achieving average scores of 0.7782, 0.7799, 0.7823, 0.7764, and 0.8364 for accuracy, precision, recall, F-1 score, and AUC value, respectively.

Conclusions
The proposed multi-class classification model can not only predict whether an image contains lung cancer-caused metastasis, but also differentiate between subclasses of lung cancer (i.e., adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma). On the context of two-class (i.e., the metastatic and non-metastatic) classification, the proposed model obtained a higher score of 0.8310 for accuracy metric.
Validation of the Norwegian versions of the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) in a mental health care setting
Authors: Braathu Nora , Laukvik Erlend Høen , Egeland Karina M. , Skar Ane-Marthe Solheim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is of crucial importance in health care institutions and requires effective management from leaders. However, there is a lack of assessment tools sufficient to evaluate the degree to which the employees´ rate how well their leaders are at implementing EBPs. This emphasises the need for validated and widely used scales relevant for EBPs.

Methods
The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) in a Norwegian mental health care setting.

Results
Results from confirmatory factor analyses indicate that the MLQ and ILS are valid instruments for measuring general and implementation leadership. The scales demonstrate good convergent validity. In addition, attitudes towards EBPs did not seem to be associated with the ILS and MLQ, further supporting the applicability of the instruments.

Conclusions
The two scales demonstrate good psychometric properties in a Norwegian mental health care setting, which suggests that the MLQ and ILS are valid and reliable tools for measuring leadership in an implementation setting. More research is greatly needed to disentangle the link between perceived leadership and objective measures of successful implementation of EBPs.
Trial registration NSD 690,133, NSD 60,059/3/OOS.
Education-based stigma and discrimination among young adults not in 4-year college
Authors: Meisel Matthew K. , Haikalis Michelle , Colby Suzanne M. , Barnett Nancy P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Lower levels of education are strongly associated with negative health outcomes. The current study examined the degree to which those without a history of 4-year college attendance experience social stigmatization of their educational status and if these experiences are associated with mental health symptoms.

Methods
Data was obtained from 488 emerging adults who never attended 4-year college using Qualtrics Panels.

Results
79.4% of participants agreed to one of the six statements that not attending 4-year college is stigmatized, and 71.8% endorsed experiencing at least one form of discrimination. Higher levels of education-related stigma and more frequent experiences of education-related discrimination was associated with greater past-month anxiety and depression symptoms.

Conclusions
These findings could serve to increase awareness regarding the unique and significant discrimination faced by young adults who do not attend 4-year college and identify specific areas of intervention that can help these young adults cope with the effects of stigma and discrimination.
Potential for crustal deformation monitoring using a dense cell phone carrier Global Navigation Satellite System network
Authors: Ohta Yusaku , Ohzono Mako 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonitoring of crustal deformation provides essential information for seismology and volcanology. For such earth science fields and other purposes, various Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks have been constructed at the national and regional levels. In Japan, the continuous nationwide GNSS network, the GNSS Earth Observation Network System (GEONET), is operated by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. Although GEONET has made a substantial contribution to earth science research, the large spacing of GEONET sites makes it difficult to accurately understand crustal deformation phenomena in some cases. However, cell phone carriers in Japan have constructed independent GNSS networks to improve their positioning services in recent years. In this study, we examine the performance of a GNSS network operated by SoftBank Corp. for crustal deformation monitoring. The network has more than 3300 sites throughout Japan, which is approximately 2.5 times the number of the GEONET sites. To assess the quality of SoftBank's GNSS data, we first analyzed data from Miyagi Prefecture and evaluated the stability of the coordinate time series for nine consecutive days during a quiet (interseismic) period. The calculated standard deviations were approximately the same for both networks. Furthermore, we calculated the displacement between September 2020 and March 2021. The results reveal that almost all SoftBank sites showed a consistent displacement with their surrounding GEONET sites. Next, we analyzed the coseismic deformation associated with the off-Fukushima earthquake (MJMA 7.3) on February 13, 2021, in both static and kinematic modes. We obtained a westward coherent displacement along the coastline in both networks, although several outliers were observed for the SoftBank sites. Based on these initial assessments, we conclude that these private sector GNSS sites are useful for crustal deformation monitoring with appropriate data quality control.
Graphical Abstract
Atmospheric modes excited by the 2021 August eruption of the Fukutoku-Okanoba volcano, Izu–Bonin Arc, observed as harmonic TEC oscillations by QZSS
Authors: Heki Kosuke , Fujimoto Tatsuya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContinuous Plinian eruptions of volcanoes often excite atmospheric resonant oscillations with several distinct periods of a few minutes. We detected such harmonic oscillations by the 2021 August eruption of the Fukutoku-Okanoba volcano, a submarine volcano in the Izu–Bonin arc, in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) observed from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations deployed on three nearby islands, Chichijima, Hahajima, and Iwojima. Continuous records with the geostationary satellite of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) presented four frequency peaks of such atmospheric modes. The harmonic TEC oscillations commenced at ~ 5:16 UT with a large amplitude but decayed in a few hours.
Graphical Abstract
Disparities in Reproductive Aging and Midlife Health between Black and White women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Authors: Harlow Siobán D. , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M. , Greendale Gail A. , Avis Nancy E. , Reeves Alexis N. , Richards Thomas R. , Lewis Tené T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews differences in the experience of the menopause transition and midlife health outcomes between Black and White women who participated in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a 25-year, longitudinal, multi-racial/ethnic cohort study. We identify health disparities, i.e., instances in which Black women’s outcomes are less favorable than those of White women, and consider whether structural racism may underlie these disparities. Although SWAN did not explicitly assess structural racism, Black women in SWAN grew up during the Jim Crow era in the United States, during which time racism was legally sanctioned. We consider how we might gain insight into structural racism by examining proxy exposures such as socioeconomic characteristics, reports of everyday discrimination, and a range of life stressors, which likely reflect the longstanding, pervasive and persistent inequities that have roots in systemic racism in the US. Thus, this paper reviews the presence, magnitude, and longitudinal patterns of racial disparities observed in SWAN in six areas of women’s health – menopause symptoms, sleep, mental health, health related quality of life, cardio-metabolic health, and physical function –and elucidates the contextual factors that are likely influencing these disparities. We review the strengths and weaknesses of SWAN’s design and approach to analysis of racial disparities and use this as a springboard to offer recommendations for future cohort studies.
Adherence to inhalers and associated factors among adult asthma patients: an outpatient-based study in a tertiary hospital of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Rafi Md. Abdur , Tahmin Chowdhury Ibtida , Tashrik Symom , Bonna Atia Sharmin , Jannat Ferdousy , Mily Sabrina Jahan , Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Seemanta Senjuti , Rashid Afsana , Mahjabeen Mosarrat , Nura Nurunnahar , Shahriar Tasnim , Mahadi Ashrafur Rahaman , Ahmed Kawser , Hasan Mohammad Jahid , Haque Md. Azizul , Hossain Md. Golam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to inhaler medication is an important contributor to optimum asthma control along with adequate pharmacotherapy. The objective of the present study was to assess self-reported adherence levels and to identify the potential factors associated with non-adherence to the inhalers among asthma patients.MethodsThis facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the medicine outpatient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from November 2020 to January 2021. A total of 357 clinically confirmed adult asthma patients were interviewed. Inhaler adherence was measured using the 10-item Test of Adherence scale (TAI).. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to express the socio-demographic of the patients and predictors of poor adherence to inhaler.ResultsA substantial number of participants were non-adherent (86%) to inhaler medication. Patients non-adherent to inhaler medication are often younger (23.15, 95% CI 3.67–146.08), lived in the rural area (23.28, 95% CI 2.43–222.66), less year of schooling (5.69, 95% CI 1.27–25.44), and belonged to the middle income (aOR 9.74, 95% CI 2.11–44.9) than those adherent with the inhaler. The presence of comorbidities (12.91, 95% CI 1.41–117.61), prolonged duration of inhaler intake (5.69, 95% CI 1.22–26.49), consulting non-qualified practitioners (13.09, 95% CI 3.10–55.26) were the significant contributor of non-adherence.ConclusionDespite ongoing motivation and treatment, non-adherence to inhalation anti-asthmatic is high and several factors have been found to contribute. Regular monitoring and a guided patient-centered self-management approach might be helpful to address them in long run.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of three fairy shrimps from snowmelt pools in Japan
Authors: Kitano Takashi , Sato Hidenori , Takahashi Norihito , Igarashi Seiki , Hatanaka Yushi , Igarashi Keiji , Umetsu Kazuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFairy shrimps belong to order Anostraca, class Branchiopoda, subphylum Crustacea, and phylum Arthropoda. Three fairy shrimp species (Eubranchipus uchidai,E. asanumai, andE. hatanakai) that inhabit snowmelt pools are currently known in Japan. Whole mitochondrial genomes are useful genetic information for conducting phylogenetic analyses. Mitochondrial genome sequences for Branchiopoda members are gradually being collated.ResultsSix whole mitochondrial genomes from the threeEubranchipusspecies are presented here.Eubranchipusspecies share the anostracan pattern of gene arrangement in their mitochondrial genomes. The mitochondrial genomes of theEubranchipusspecies have a higher GC content than those of other anostracans. Accelerated substitution rates in the lineage ofEubranchipusspecies were observed.ConclusionThis study is the first to obtain whole mitochondrial genomes for Far EasternEubranchipusspecies. We show that the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I and the 16S ribosomal RNA ofE. asanumaipresented in a previous study were nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments. Higher GC contents and accelerated substitution rates are specific characteristics of the mitochondrial genomes of Far EasternEubranchipus. The results will be useful for further investigations of the evolution of Anostraca as well as Branchiopoda.