bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Analysis of 76 cytologic cases and correlation with histologic grade
Authors: Wakely Paul E. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland (SG) malignancy. In this study, the author undertook analysis of a large collection of MEC cytologic cases.Materials and MethodsCytopathology files were searched for MEC cases with histopathologic confirmation. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears used standard technique.ResultsSeventy‐six cases (63 patients [M:F = 1:1; age range, 23–87 years; mean age, 58 years]) met inclusion criteria. Aspirates were primary (54 [71%]), metastatic (18 [24%]), and locally recurrent (4 [5%]). FNA sites included parotid gland (49 [64%]), regional lymph nodes (11 [14%]), submandibular gland (5 [7%]), inner canthus of eye (2 [3%]), and lung (2 [3%]); and single specimens from palate, jaw, shoulder, paranasal sinus, floor of mouth, ear canal, and effusion. Cytologic diagnoses included MEC (30 cases [39%]), suspicious for MEC (16 [21%]), non‐MEC carcinoma (9 [12%]), suspicious for malignancy (SM) (2 [3%], malignant (M) (1 [1%]), SG and/or suspicious SG neoplasm (7 [8%]), atypical (3 [5%]), nonneoplastic (5 [6%]), nondiagnostic (2 [3%]), and benign SG neoplasm (1 [1%]). A total of 26% of low‐grade (LG) cases were diagnosed as malignant in contrast to 87% malignant in high‐grade (HG) cases. Cytomorphology depended on tumor grade. LG MEC contained intra‐ and/or extra‐cellular mucin and more uniform cell and/or nuclear morphology, whereas cytologic atypia, anisonucleosis, and keratotic cells were more typical of HG tumors.ConclusionA malignant (M) or suspicious for malignancy (SM) cytologic interpretation was made in 76% of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cases. In contrast to high‐grade MEC (97% identified as M/SM), only 59% of low‐grade (LG) MEC cases were interpreted as such, illustrating the continued diagnostic challenge posed by LG MEC using fine‐needle aspiration biopsy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pt‐Ag Icosahedral Nanocages with Enhanced Catalytic Activity toward Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Wenxia , Shi Yifeng , Chen Zitao , Zhao Ming , Cao Zhenming , Lyu Zhiheng , Chen Ruhui , Xiao Kaijun , Chi Miaofang , Xia Younan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop cost‐effective electrocatalysts based on Pt for a broad spectrum of applications, including those vital to the operation of fuel cells. Hollowing out the interior of Pt nanocrystals offers a simple and viable strategy for maximizing the utilization efficiency of this precious metal while enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we report the synthesis and electrocatalytic evaluation of Pt−Ag icosahedral nanocages with an average wall thickness of 1.6 nm. The Pt atoms are coated on the surface of Ag icosahedral seeds, leading to the formation of Ag@PtnL core‐shell icosahedral nanocrystals with tunable shell thicknesses. The core‐shell nanocrystals are then converted to icosahedral nanocages by selectively etching away the Ag in the core. The as‐obtained nanocages with a composition of Pt4.5Ag exhibit an almost 3‐fold enhancement in specific activity toward oxygen reduction relative to the commercial Pt/C in acid media.
Economics of Soil Health: Farmer Experiences Across Systems
Authors: Flanders Archie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article to provide detailed economic evidence of how soil health management practices can be profitable across cropping systems and geographies of the United States. We do this by providing more details of six farms that come from four larger studies developed and implemented at the Soil Health Institute to evaluate economic benefits of farmers adopting soil health management systems. The Assessing Soil Health Series is part of a larger Soil Science Society of America webinar series produced in partnership with The Soil Health Institute and sponsored by The Walton Family Foundation. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Associations of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus with alterations in cardiovascular system in early childhood
Authors: Li Zhuoyan , Wu Yujian , Du Bowen , Yu Xiaodan , Wang Hualing , Niu Yiwei , Wang Jian , Chen Sun , Sun Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsThe association of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with childhood cardiovascular alterations is not well established. This study aims to test the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to GDM is associated with vascular and cardiac alterations in early childhood.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort among 1094 mothers and their offspring, GDM was diagnosed according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Childhood blood pressure (BP) measurement, echocardiography and vascular ultrasound were performed using standardised methods at 4 years old. The associations between maternal GDM and childhood cardiovascular outcomes were modelled using linear regression and binary logistic regression. Mediation analysis was conducted to test the potential mediators.ResultsMaternal GDM was associated with higher systolic BP (SBP; β, 1.20; [0.11, 2.28]), lower left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD; β, −0.36; [−0.71, −0.01]), lower end‐diastolic volume (EDV; β, −1.42; [−2.71, −0.13]) and increased risk of high blood pressure (HBP, OR = 1.522; 95% CI, 1.023 to 2.264) in offspring at the age of 4 years. After stratification by sex, the association remained strong only in male offspring (SBP: β, 1.94; [0.37, 3.51]; LVEDD: β, −0.60; [−1.09, −0.12]; EDV: β, −2.09; [−3.86, −0.31]; HBP: OR = 1.797; 95% CI, 1.063 to 3.037) and was independent of maternal and child characteristics. However, carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) was not associated with maternal GDM. Mediation analysis showed that the effects on childhood cardiovascular alterations were attributable mostly to the direct effects of maternal GDM.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that maternal GDM is associated with offspring cardiovascular adaptations at preschool age. Further studies are needed to replicate our results and the long‐term effect of these adaptations on later cardiovascular risks needs further investigation.
Integrated animal movement and spatial capture–recapture models: Simulation, implementation, and inference
Authors: Gardner Beth , McClintock Brett T. , Converse Sarah J. , Hostetter Nathan J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have become widespread for estimating demographic parameters in ecological studies. However, the underlying assumptions about animal movement and space use are often not realistic. This is a missed opportunity because interesting ecological questions related to animal space use, habitat selection, and behavior cannot be addressed with most SCR models, despite the fact that the data collected in SCR studies — individual animals observed at specific locations and times — can provide a rich source of information about these processes and how they relate to demographic rates. We developed SCR models that integrated more complex movement processes that are typically inferred from telemetry data, including a simple random walk, correlated random walk (i.e., short‐term directional persistence), and habitat‐driven Langevin diffusion. We demonstrated how to formulate, simulate from, and fit these models with standard SCR data using data‐augmented Bayesian analysis methods. We evaluated their performance through a simulation study, in which we varied the detection, movement, and resource selection parameters. We also examined different numbers of sampling occasions and assessed performance gains when including auxiliary location data collected from telemetered individuals. Across all scenarios, the integrated SCR movement models performed well in terms of abundance, detection, and movement parameter estimation. We found little difference in bias for the simple random walk model when reducing the number of sampling occasions fromT= 25 toT= 15. We found some bias in movement parameter estimates under several of the correlated random walk scenarios, but incorporating auxiliary location data improved parameter estimates and significantly improved mixing during model fitting. The Langevin movement model was able to recover resource selection parameters from standard SCR data, which is particularly appealing because it explicitly links the individual‐level movement process with habitat selection and population density. We focused on closed population models, but the movement models developed here can be extended to open SCR models. The movement process models could also be easily extended to accommodate additional “building blocks” of random walks, such as central tendency (e.g., territoriality) or multiple movement behavior states, thereby providing a flexible and coherent framework for linking animal movement behavior to population dynamics, density, and distribution.
Better outcome at lower costs after implementing a CRT‐care pathway: comprehensive evaluation of real‐world data
Authors: van Stipdonk Antonius M.W. , Schretlen Stijn , Dohmen Wim , Knackstedt Christian , Beckers‐Wesche Fabienne , Debie Luuk , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Vernooy Kevin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) requires intensive, complex, and multidisciplinary care for heart failure (HF) patients. Due to limitations in time, resources, and coordination of care, in current practice, this is often incomplete. We evaluated the effect of the introduction of a CRT‐care pathway (CRT‐CPW) on clinical outcome and costs.Methods and resultsThe CRT‐CPW focused on structuring CRT patient selection, implantation, and follow‐up management. To facilitate and guarantee quality, checklists were introduced. The CRT‐CPW was implemented in the Maastricht University Medical Centre in 2014. Physician‐led usual care was restructured to a nurse‐led care pathway. A retrospective comparison of data from CRT patients receiving usual care (2012–2014, 222 patients) and patients receiving care according to CRT‐CPW (2015–2018, 241 patients) was performed. The primary outcome was the composite of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization. Hospital‐related costs of cardiovascular care after CRT implantation were analysed to address cost‐effectiveness of the CRT‐CPW. Demographics were comparable in the usual care and CRT‐CPW groups. Kaplan–Meier estimates of the occurrence of the primary endpoint showed a significant improvement in the CRT‐CPW group (25.7% vs. 34.7%, hazard ratio 0.56; confidence interval 0.40–0.78; P < 0.005), at 36 months of follow‐up. The total costs for cardiology‐related hospitalizations were significantly reduced in the CRT‐CPW group [€17 698 (14 192–21 195) vs. 19 933 (16 980–22 991), P < 0.001]. Bootstrap cost‐effectiveness analyses showed that implementation of CRT‐CPW would be an economically dominant strategy in 90.7% of bootstrap samples.ConclusionsThe introduction of a novel multidisciplinary, nurse‐led care pathway for CRT patients resulted in significant reduction of the combination of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalizations, at reduced cardiovascular‐related hospital costs.
CuCl‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Boronic Acids and Carbon Dioxide to Carboxylate Esters
Authors: Yang Mi‐Li , Li Yu‐Qin , Li He , Jiang Li , Wang Zheng , Jin Lu , Wang Huan‐huan , Zhou Rong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe CuCl‐catalyzed reaction of aryl boronic acid with carbon dioxide to form carboxylate ester after treatment with CH3I has been developed. The procedure featured mild conditions and good functional group tolerances. A diverse range of aryl boronic acids were effectively converted into carboxylate esters. Even those bearing sensitive groups such as carbonyl, ester, and amide could produce the desired products in good yields.
An Ultrasensitive DNA Sensor for Hg2+ Assay Based on Electrodeposited Au/Carbon Nanofibers‐chitosan and Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Lv Zeping , Zhang Mingli , Jin Huali , Wei Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA sensor was designed for Hg2+ assay using cooperative signal amplification effect of electrodeposited Au/carbon nanofibers‐chitosan (DpAu/CNFs‐CS) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). CNFs‐CS was prepared to modify gold electrode (AuE). Then, Au was electrodeposited on CNFs‐CS/AuE to form DpAu/CNFs‐CS/AuE for the first signal amplification. With TH as signal probe and ssDNA as recognition component, RGO/ssDNA and RGO/TH interaction were used for the second signal amplification. The prepared sensor had wider linear range of 0.0001–460 nM and lower detection limit of 5.7×10−5 nM, high selectivity, and performed well in Hg2+ assay of tap water.
Interaction of cytochrome P450s with environmental risk factors increases their expression and risk to head and neck cancer
Authors: Katiyar Tridiv , Yadav Vinay , Maurya Shailendra S. , Hasan Feza , Singh Arvind P. , Yadav Sanjay , Singh Sudhir , Hadi Rahat , Bhatt Madan Lal B. , Parmar Devendra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo investigate the role of interaction of tobacco metabolizing polymorphic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and glutathione S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1) with environmental risk factors in modifying the susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a case–control study with 1250 proven cases of HNSCC and equal number of healthy controls was planned. A small but significant increase in the risk to HNSCC (1–2 fold) in the cases with variant genotypes of CYPs (1A1 or 1B1 or 2E1) increased several folds (up to 13 fold) in regular tobacco or alcohol users. This several fold increase in risk could be due to more than multiplicative interaction observed between the risk genotypes of CYPs and tobacco or alcohol. A synergistic effect was also observed between tobacco as well as alcohol users among cases with risk genotypes of CYPs and GSTM1 that resulted in a further increase in risk (up to 29 fold) to HNSCC. Interestingly, the increase in the risk in tobacco users among cases with variant genotypes of CYPs or a combination of CYPs & GSTM1 (−) was associated with a higher mRNA expression of CYPs when compared to nontobacco users in controls with wild type of genotypes of CYPs & GSTM1. The data suggest that the interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors leads to increased expression of CYPs which may increase the levels of tobacco‐derived carcinogens thereby modifying the risk to HNSCC.
Covariance structure assessment in multi‐level models for the analysis of forests rainfall interception data using repeated measures
Authors: Velasco‐Bautista Efrain , Romero‐Sanchez Martin Enrique , Flores‐Ayala Eulogio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRepeated measures refer to multiple observations obtained in the same sampling plot or experimental unit. Such observations can be taken in a particular period and the same local space in many cases. In either case, repeated measures lead to correlated data. Statistical analysis using correlated data without an appropriate covariance structure would lead to Type I or Type II errors. This study used rainfall interception data from a coniferous forest in Mexico, May to September 2010, to develop a multi‐level linear model by assessing different covariance structures. Our main objectives were to evaluate the implications of these covariance structures in tests of fixed effects over categories of basal area and estimate differences between means and standard errors of each test. Based on the numerical inspection of the estimated correlations, their graphic representation, values of the statistics of fit (AICC and BIC) and considering that it is desirable to model a covariance structure in a parsimonious way, we concluded that the best selection for the structure of covariance was “heterogeneous Toeplitz.” Therefore, ‐values of fixed effects and the estimates of differences between means and standard errors of each test based on the “heterogeneous Toeplitz” covariance structure were considered the most appropriate among the analyzed covariance models.
Within‐event spatial correlation of peak ground acceleration and spectral pseudo‐acceleration ordinates in the Chilean subduction zone
Authors: Aldea Sofía , Heresi Pablo , Pastén César 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA regional seismic risk assessment requires the estimation of ground‐motion intensities at multiple locations for a given event simultaneously. In this context, the spatial correlation of ground‐motion residuals plays an important role in characterizing the probability distribution of the field of shaking intensities. Over the last 20 years, the spatial correlation of ground‐motions has been widely studied and different models have been developed. In general, these models vary from each other depending on the ground‐motion database used to generate them, on the adopted intensity measure, on the selected ground‐motion model, and on the estimation methods, among others. This paper proposes a spatial correlation model for within‐event residuals of peak ground acceleration and spectral pseudo‐acceleration ordinates in the Chilean subduction zone. Although the database considered for this study has only a few well‐recorded earthquakes, it contains a large number of station pairs sharing several common events. Therefore, we compute non‐stationary correlations between station pairs and then fit a stationary spatial correlation model. Results of this paper are compared with previous models, concluding that, in general, subduction models show higher spatial correlations than those for active shallow crust events for long‐period spectral ordinates. Moreover, no evidence was found for a systematic effect of earthquake magnitude or site conditions on spatial correlation. Finally, the proposed model is compared with a model obtained assuming stationarity in spatial correlations, showing more reliable estimates when using the proposed model.
Real‐time hybrid simulation with multi‐fidelity Co‐Kriging for global response prediction under structural uncertainties
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yang Yanlin , Hou Hetao , Peng Changle , Xu Weijie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReal‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) provides an effective and efficient experimental technique to enable large‐ or full‐scale experiments to account for rate‐dependent behavior in size limited laboratories. Traditional practice of RTHS assumes deterministic substructure properties therefore could not account for structural uncertainties in global response prediction. This study explores the use of Co‐Kriging metamodeling for global response prediction under the presence of structural uncertainties. RTHS in laboratory is used as high‐fidelity (HF) modeling while computational simulation of the prototype structure under investigation is used as low‐fidelity (LF) modeling. Multifidelity modeling is integrated through Co‐Kriging to render accurate response prediction over the entire sample space of structural uncertainties. An entropy‐based adaptive strategy is used to sequentially determine the sampling points for HF RTHS and LF simulation. The proposed multifidelity Co‐Kriging approach is experimentally evaluated through RTHS of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom structure with a self‐centering viscous damper. The Co‐Kriging predicted maximum structural responses are further compared with validation tests. It is demonstrated that the Co‐Kriging can effectively reduce the number of RTHS tests in laboratory and significantly improve the metamodel accuracy for global prediction of structural response under uncertainties. The presented study presents an innovative way to further expand the capacity of RTHS for uncertainty quantification toward seismic hazard mitigation.
Techno‐economic feasibility of hydrogen based electric vehicle charging station: A case study
Authors: Syed Mohammed Arsalan , Anuj  , Lodhi Aditya Shyam , Murtaza Qasim 
Published: May 2022

SummaryDelhi has been experiencing a dramatic surge in pollution levels, especially in the past decade. Renewable energy sources emit negligible carbon pollutants compared to conventional energy sources. However, they are fundamentally intermittent, necessitating a robust storage system. In recent times, hybrid systems have proven to be breakthrough solutions for mitigating electrical energy shortages while also enhancing overall system dependability. This study focuses on hydrogen energy storage which can help overcome variable output power issues for an electric vehicle charging station in Karampura, Delhi. The framework is proposed for three vehicles charging simultaneously, all the while at the charging station, with normal energy utilization of 2100 kWh/day. The most optimum system is found by simulating results from three different combinations (namely photovoltaic [PV]‐Hydrogen, Wind‐Hydrogen, and PV‐Wind‐Hydrogen) using HOMER software. The Levelized cost for the Hybrid combination is most viable, whereas the Wind system costs 7.19% more and the PV combination costs 12.12% higher. In a similar manner, the net present cost (NPC) of a solar PV system and a wind turbine system is $1.80 million and $1.63 million, respectively, whereas the NPC of a hybrid system is $1.52 million. The cost of operating a PV solar system is $79 767, a wind turbine system is $46 078, and a hybrid system is $35 926. These findings suggest that a hydrogen‐based hybrid renewable energy system is an economically feasible combination.
Numerical investigation of turbulent flow across a SiC ceramic foam
Authors: Faizan Muhammad , Almerbati Abdulrahman Salman , Yilbas Bekir Sami 
Published: May 2022

SummaryA porous volumetric absorber in the solar thermal system is a promising utility for energy harvesting applications. The hydrodynamic behavior and thermal performance of porous structures in the absorber remain critical for efficient operation. Hence, in the present study, the assessment of SiC foam in a volumetric absorber is carried out for a concentrated solar energy harvesting system. In the numerical study, a 3D model of actual SiC foam is incorporated and the discrete ordinates radiation model, which is fully coupled with conduction and convection heat transfer, is adopted. A three‐dimensional computed tomography scan (CT‐scan) of porous SiC foam is imported for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. The porous SiC absorber characteristics are examined for two working fluids including air and water. The overall thermal performance of the solar harvesting system is evaluated through the normalized Nusselt number and thermal efficiencies based on outlet and maximum temperatures. It is observed that utilizing porous SiC foam considerably improves the thermal performance of the solar harvesting system. A significant improvement is observed in the Nusselt number while demonstrating the convection is the apparent heating mode in the porous system, provided that the pressure loss of the channel with SiC foam is not substantially high.