bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Quality Reference Genome for an Arid-Adapted Mammal, the Banner-Tailed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spectabilis)
Authors: Harder Avril M , Walden Kimberly K O , Marra Nicholas J , Willoughby Janna R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Kangaroo rats in the genus Dipodomys are found in a variety of habitat types in western North America, including deserts, arid and semiarid grasslands, and scrublands. Many Dipodomys species are experiencing strong population declines due to increasing habitat fragmentation, with two species listed as federally endangered in the United States. The precarious state of many Dipodomys populations, including those occupying extreme environments, make species of this genus valuable subjects for studying the impacts of habitat degradation and fragmentation on population genomic patterns and for characterizing the genomic bases of adaptation to harsh conditions. To facilitate exploration of such questions, we assembled and annotated a reference genome for the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis) using PacBio HiFi sequencing reads, providing a more contiguous genomic resource than two previously assembled Dipodomys genomes. Using the HiFi data for D. spectabilis and publicly available sequencing data for two other Dipodomys species (Dipodomys ordii and Dipodomys stephensi), we demonstrate the utility of this new assembly for studies of congeners by conducting inference of historic effective population sizes (Ne) and linking these patterns to the species’ current extinction risk statuses. The genome assembly presented here will serve as a valuable resource for population and conservation genomic studies of Dipodomys species, comparative genomic research within mammals and rodents, and investigations into genomic adaptation to extreme environments and changing landscapes.
SARS-CoV-2 Placentitis Associated With B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant and Fetal Distress or Demise
Authors: Shook Lydia L , Brigida Sara , Regan James , Flynn James P , Mohammadi Abbas , Etemad Behzad , Siegel Molly R , Clapp Mark A , Li Jonathan Z , Roberts Drucilla J , Edlow Andrea G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
There is limited information on the specific impact of maternal infection with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (delta) variant on pregnancy outcomes. We present 2 cases of intrauterine fetal demise and 1 case of severe fetal distress in the setting of maternal infection with delta-variant SARS-CoV-2. In all cases, fetal demise or distress occurred within 14 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Evaluation revealed maternal viremia, high nasopharyngeal viral load, evidence of placental infection with delta-variant SARS-CoV-2, and hallmark features of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis. We suggest that delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy warrants vigilance for placental dysfunction and fetal compromise regardless of disease severity.
Vertebral Trabecular Bone Mechanical Properties Vary Among Functional Groups of Cetaceans
Authors: Ingle D N , Porter M E 
Published: January 2022

SynopsisSince their appearance in the fossil record 34 million years ago, modern cetaceans (dolphins, whales, and porpoises) have radiated into diverse habitats circumglobally, developing vast phenotypic variations among species. Traits such as skeletal morphology and ecologically linked behaviors denote swimming activity; trade-offs in flexibility and rigidity along the vertebral column determine patterns of caudal oscillation. Here, we categorized 10 species of cetaceans (families Delphinidae and Kogiidae; N = 21 animals) into functional groups based on vertebral centra morphology, swimming speeds, diving behavior, and inferred swimming patterns. We quantified trabecular bone mechanical properties (yield strength, apparent stiffness, and resilience) among functional groups and regions of the vertebral column (thoracic, lumbar, and caudal). We extracted 6 mm3 samples from vertebral bodies and tested them in compression in 3 orientations (rostrocaudal, dorsoventral, and mediolateral) at 2 mm min−1. Overall, bone from the pre-fluke/fluke boundary had the greatest yield strength and resilience, indicating that the greatest forces are translated to the tail during caudal oscillatory swimming. Group 1, composed of 5 shallow-diving delphinid species, had the greatest vertebral trabecular bone yield strength, apparent stiffness, and resilience of all functional groups. Conversely, Group 3, composed of 2 deep-diving kogiid species, had the least strong, stiff, and resilient bone, while Group 2 (3 deep-diving delphinid species) exhibited intermediate values. These data suggest that species that incorporate prolonged glides during deep descents in the water column actively swim less, and place relatively smaller loads on their vertebral columns, compared with species that execute shallower dives. We found that cetacean vertebral trabecular bone properties differed from the properties of terrestrial mammals; for every given bone strength, cetacean bone was less stiff by comparison. This relative lack of material rigidity within vertebral bone may be attributed to the non-weight-bearing locomotor modes of fully aquatic mammals.
Generalizable EHR-R-REDCap pipeline for a national multi-institutional rare tumor patient registry
Authors: Shalhout Sophia Z , Saqlain Farees , Wright Kayla , Akinyemi Oladayo , Miller David M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To develop a clinical informatics pipeline designed to capture large-scale structured Electronic Health Record (EHR) data for a national patient registry.

Materials and Methods
The EHR-R-REDCap pipeline is implemented using R statistical software to remap and import structured EHR data into the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)-based multi-institutional Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) Patient Registry using an adaptable data dictionary.

Results
Clinical laboratory data were extracted from EPIC Clarity across several participating institutions. Laboratory values (Labs) were transformed, remapped, and imported into the MCC registry using the EHR labs abstraction (eLAB) pipeline. Forty-nine clinical tests encompassing 482 450 results were imported into the registry for 1109 enrolled MCC patients. Data-quality assessment revealed highly accurate, valid labs. Univariate modeling was performed for labs at baseline on overall survival (N = 176) using this clinical informatics pipeline.

Conclusion
We demonstrate feasibility of the facile eLAB workflow. EHR data are successfully transformed and bulk-loaded/imported into a REDCap-based national registry to execute real-world data analysis and interoperability.
Social-Jetlagged Consumers and Decreased Conspicuous Consumption
Authors: Yin Yunlu , Huang Zhongqiang (Tak) 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
People’s schedules are jointly determined by their biological clock and social clock. However, their social clock often deviates from the biological clock (e.g., having to get up earlier than one’s natural wake-up time for work or study, having to stay up to work night shifts or meet a project deadline)—a phenomenon known as “social jetlag.” How does social jetlag impact consumer behavior? Using field data and experiments, we show that social jetlag decreases conspicuous consumption because consumers experiencing social jetlag are less interested in social interaction. This effect is weakened when social interaction occurs among familiar others rather than strangers, when conspicuous consumption does not draw social attention, and when consumers expect to use a luxury product in a private setting.
Boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab in patients with recurrent malignant glioma
Authors: Furuse Motomasa , Kawabata Shinji , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Shiba Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Koji , Kondo Natsuko , Tanaka Hiroki , Sakurai Yoshinori , Suzuki Minoru , Ono Koji , Miyatake Shin-Ichi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Although boron neutron capture therapy has shown excellent survival data, previous studies have shown an increase in radiation necrosis against recurrent malignant glioma. Herein, we proposed that bevacizumab may reduce radiation injury from boron neutron capture therapy by re-irradiation. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab combination therapy in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.

Methods
Patients with recurrent malignant glioma were treated with reactor-based boron neutron capture therapy. Treatment with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) was initiated 1–4 weeks after boron neutron capture therapy and was administered every 2–3 weeks until disease progression. Initially diagnosed glioblastomas were categorized as primary glioblastoma, whereas other forms of malignant glioma were categorized as non-primary glioblastoma.

Results
Twenty-five patients (14 with primary glioblastoma and 11 with non-primary glioblastoma) were treated with boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab. The 1-year survival rate for primary glioblastoma and non-primary glioblastoma was 63.5% (95% confidence interval: 33.1–83.0) and 81.8% (95% confidence interval: 44.7–95.1), respectively. The median overall survival was 21.4 months (95% confidence interval: 7.0–36.7) and 73.6 months (95% confidence interval: 11.4–77.2) for primary glioblastoma and non-primary glioblastoma, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval: 4.2–12.1) and 15.6 months (95% confidence interval: 3.1–29.8) for primary glioblastoma and non-primary glioblastoma, respectively. Neither pseudoprogression nor radiation necrosis were identified during bevacizumab treatment. Alopecia occurred in all patients. Six patients experienced adverse events ≥grade 3.

Conclusions
Boron neutron capture therapy and add-on bevacizumab provided a long overall survival and a long progression-free survival in recurrent malignant glioma compared with previous studies on boron neutron capture therapy alone. The add-on bevacizumab may reduce the detrimental effects of boron neutron capture therapy, including pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis. Further studies of the combination therapy with a larger sample size and a randomized controlled design are warranted.
Cumulative Advanced Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model Developed in a Screening Mammography Population
Authors: Kerlikowske Karla , Chen Shuai , Golmakani Marzieh K , Sprague Brian L , Tice Jeffrey A , Tosteson Anna N A , Rauscher Garth H , Henderson Louise M , Buist Diana S M , Lee Janie M , Gard Charlotte C , Miglioretti Diana L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Estimating advanced breast cancer risk in women undergoing annual or biennial mammography could identify women who may benefit from less or more intensive screening. We developed an actionable model to predict cumulative 6-year advanced cancer (prognostic pathologic stage II or higher) risk according to screening interval.

Methods
We included 931 186 women aged 40-74 years in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium undergoing 2 542 382 annual (prior mammogram within 11-18 months) or 752 049 biennial (prior within 19-30 months) screening mammograms. The prediction model includes age, race and ethnicity, body mass index, breast density, family history of breast cancer, and prior breast biopsy subdivided by menopausal status and screening interval. We used fivefold cross-validation to internally validate model performance. We defined higher than 95th percentile as high risk (&gt;0.658%), higher than 75th percentile to 95th or less percentile as intermediate risk (0.380%-0.658%), and 75th or less percentile as low to average risk (&lt;0.380%).

Results
Obesity, high breast density, and proliferative disease with atypia were strongly associated with advanced cancer. The model is well calibrated and has an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.682 (95% confidence interval = 0.670 to 0.694). Based on women’s predicted advanced cancer risk under annual and biennial screening, 69.1% had low or average risk regardless of screening interval, 12.4% intermediate risk with biennial screening and average risk with annual screening, and 17.4% intermediate or high risk regardless of screening interval.

Conclusion
Most women have low or average advanced cancer risk and can undergo biennial screening. Intermediate-risk women may consider annual screening, and high-risk women may consider supplemental imaging in addition to annual screening.
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) as a mimicker of perforated diverticulitis: a case report
Authors: Shean Christopher , Balasooriya Janaka , Fergusson James 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The differential diagnosis of abdominal pain is wide as both benign and malignant pathologies must be considered. There are currently no published case reports of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) mimicking perforated diverticulitis. LAMNs are a heterogenous group of tumours, with no consensus treatment algorithm based on stage and histology. In this case report, we discuss a patient who presented emergently with generalized peritonism, with a diagnosis of perforated diverticulitis made on computed tomography scan. At laparotomy, a perforated appendix was identified, with histopathology identifying a perforated LAMN. This case highlights the importance of considering this rare but increasing incidence tumour when operative management is being planned.
Structural diversity, biosynthesis, and function of plant falcarin-type polyacetylenic lipids
Authors: Santos Patrícia , Busta Lucas , Yim Won Cheol , Cahoon Edgar B , Kosma Dylan K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The polyacetylenic lipids falcarinol, falcarindiol, and associated derivatives, termed falcarins, have a widespread taxonomical distribution in the plant kingdom and have received increasing interest for their demonstrated health-promoting properties as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agents. These fatty acid-derived compounds are also linked to plant pathogen resistance through their potent antimicrobial properties. Falcarin-type polyacetylenes, which contain two conjugated triple bonds, are derived from structural modifications of the common fatty acid oleic acid. In the past half century, much progress has been made in understanding the structural diversity of falcarins in the plant kingdom, whereas limited progress has been made on elucidating falcarin function in plant–pathogen interactions. More recently, an understanding of the biosynthetic machinery underlying falcarin biosynthesis has emerged. This review provides a concise summary of the current state of knowledge on falcarin structural diversity, biosynthesis, and plant defense properties. We also present major unanswered questions about falcarin biosynthesis and function.
Low-Cost Model for Battlefield Wound and Hemorrhage Training
Authors: Bates James T , Kelly Christopher W , Lane Joshua E 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exsanguination is the leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield and in austere environments. Multiple courses have been developed to save lives by stopping hemorrhage. Training for this requires simulation models; however, many models are expensive, preventing the further expansion of this life-saving training. We present a low-cost model for hemorrhage training and realistic moulage based on simple medical supplies and grocery store meats.

Materials and Methods
Wound packing training was completed by use of a block of pork shoulder roast with an incision simulating a wound and IV tubing connected to a syringe with fake blood. Hemostasis was obtained with proper wound packing by the student, causing the bleeding to be tamponaded. Wound moulage utilized remaining supplies of pork roast being attached to patient actors or mannequins and adorned with fake blood creating wounds with the appearance and feel of real tissues.

Results
Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) training was completed at a small military medical facility with a start-up cost of less than $70 and a single course as cheap as $15. These methods have been utilized to establish other TCCC training centers while keeping costs low.

Conclusions
We present low-cost models for simulating massive hemorrhage for wound packing with pork roast and realistic moulage. These methods can be utilized for other hemorrhage training courses such as TCCC, Advanced Wilderness Life Support, and Stop the Bleed.
The suitability of micronuclei as markers of relative biological effect
Authors: Heaven Charlotte J , Wanstall Hannah C , Henthorn Nicholas T , Warmenhoven John-William , Ingram Samuel P , Chadwick Amy L , Santina Elham , Honeychurch Jamie , Schmidt Christine K , Kirkby Karen J , Kirkby Norman F , Burnet Neil G , Merchant Michael J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) formation is routinely used as a biodosimeter for radiation exposures and has historically been used as a measure of DNA damage in cells. Strongly correlating with dose, MN are also suggested to indicate radiation quality, differentiating between particle and photon irradiation. The “gold standard” for measuring MN formation is Fenech’s cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay, which uses the cytokinesis blocking agent cytochalasin-B. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the literature investigating MN induction trends in vitro, collating 193 publications, with 2476 data points. Data were collected from original studies that used the CBMN assay to quantify MN in response to ionizing radiation in vitro. Overall, the meta-analysis showed that individual studies mostly have a linear increase of MN with dose [85% of MN per cell (MNPC) datasets and 89% of percentage containing MN (PCMN) datasets had an R2 greater than 0.90]. However, there is high variation between studies, resulting in a low R2 when data are combined (0.47 for MNPC datasets and 0.60 for PCMN datasets). Particle type, species, cell type, and cytochalasin-B concentration were suggested to influence MN frequency. However, variation in the data meant that the effects could not be strongly correlated with the experimental parameters investigated. There is less variation between studies when comparing the PCMN rather than the number of MNPC. Deviation from CBMN protocol specified timings did not have a large effect on MN induction. However, further analysis showed less variation between studies following Fenech’s protocol closely, which provided more reliable results. By limiting the cell type and species as well as only selecting studies following the Fenech protocol, R2 was increased to 0.64 for both measures. We therefore determine that due to variation between studies, MN are currently a poor predictor of radiation-induced DNA damage and make recommendations for futures studies assessing MN to improve consistency between datasets.
Educating the Public on the Health Risks of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Results From a US-Based Convenience Sample
Authors: Differding MacKenzie , Katz Sherri Jean , Strayer Lori G , White Cassidy , Strasser Andrew A , Donny Eric C , Hatsukami Dorothy K , Carroll Dana Mowls 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
US FDA issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking to reduce nicotine in cigarettes. To maximize the benefits of this potential standard, very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes must be communicated in a way that does not result in misperceptions.

Aims and Methods
Adults (n = 567 who smoke; n = 610 non-smokers) from an online platform were randomized to a control message previously associated with accurate addictiveness perceptions of VLNC cigarettes but health misperceptions or to one of five messages that also included messaging on nicotine morbidity effects or VLNC cigarettes morbidity or mortality effects. p value &lt;.01 was significant.

Results
In participants who smoke, perceived lung cancer risk (responses: 1, very little risk to 10, very high risk) if smoked VLNC cigarettes regularly was higher in conditions that communicated mortality effects of VLNC cigarettes compared to the control (7.12–7.18 vs. 5.97, p values &lt; .01). In non-smokers, perceived lung cancer risk was higher in all five message conditions when compared with the control (7.58–8.22 vs. 6.35, p values &lt; .01). Proportion who responded accurately (ie, False) to the statement Cigarettes with 95% less nicotine are safer than cigarettes with normal nicotine levels was higher in conditions describing VLNC morbidity or mortality effects when compared with the control in both participants who smoke (52.04–67.37% vs. 30.85%, p values &lt; .01) and do not smoke (62.50–72.38% vs. 32.00%, p values &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Messaging on mortality effects of VLNC cigarettes (ie, cigarettes with 95% less nicotine are as deadly as current cigarettes) was associated with more accurate perceptions of the health risks of VLNC cigarettes than the control; however, misperceptions remained in one-third of participants.

Implications
One approach to communicating a VLNC cigarette standard to the public is to include messaging on the mortality effects of VLNC cigarettes. However, further study and possible refinement of this message condition are recommended since approximately one-third of participants exposed to this message still perceived VLNC cigarettes to be safer than normal nicotine content cigarettes.
Small Business Lending in Financial Crises: The Role of Government-Guaranteed Loans
Authors: Hackney John 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper examines whether the presence of government-guaranteed lenders helps alleviate small business financial constraints during financial crises. The results indicate that during the 2007–09 financial crisis, areas with a greater share of Small Business Administration 7(a) lenders experienced: (1) a 2.2% increase in small business loan volume, (2) a 3.7% increase in small firm employment and 3.5% increase in establishments, and (3) lower loan default rates. Bank–county–year analysis suggests that SBA banks increase their share of lending when they are capital-constrained, and when local median income is lower. Instrumental variable analysis utilizing SBA program characteristics confirms the baseline results. The findings suggest that targeted government support can play a beneficial role in the presence of private credit market frictions, especially when bank capital is limited and small business financial constraints are severe.