bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistant starch—An accessible fiber ingredient acceptable to the Western palate
Authors: Walsh Sarah Kate , Lucey Alice , Walter Jens , Zannini Emanuele , Arendt Elke K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDietary fiber intakes in Western societies are concerningly low and do not reflect global recommended dietary fiber intakes for chronic disease prevention. Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable dietary fiber that has attracted research interest. As an isolated ingredient, its fine particle size, relatively bland flavor, and white appearance may offer an appealing fiber source to the Western palate, accustomed to highly refined, processed grains. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the current knowledge (classification, production methods, and characterization methods), health benefits, applications, and acceptability of RS. It further discusses the present market for commercially available RS ingredients and products containing ingredients high in RS.The literature currently highlights beneficial effects for dietary RS supplementation with respect to glucose metabolism, satiety, blood lipid profiles, and colonic health. An exploration of the market for commercial RS ingredients indicates a diverse range of products (from isolated RS2, RS3, and RS4) with numerous potential applications as partial or whole substitutes for traditional flour sources. They may increase the nutritional profile of a food product (e.g., by increasing the fiber content and lowering energy values) without significantly compromising its sensory and functional properties. Incorporating RS ingredients into staple food products (such as bread, pasta, and sweet baked goods) may thus offer an array of nutritional benefits to the consumer and a highly accessible functional ingredient to be greater exploited by the food industry.
Diagnosis of lethal cyanide poisoning. Analysis by Anion‐Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection
Authors: Zuccarello Pietro , Carnazza Giulia , Raffino Cataldo , Barbera Nunziata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyanide is a poison widely used in cases of suicide or homicide. Although various methods to identify and quantify this substance are reported in the literature, they are mainly validated on biological fluids (e.g., blood and urine). In the present study, the Anion‐Exchange Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (IC‐PAD) method was validated on blood and, for the first time, on gastric content, and organs (brain, lung, and liver). For each matrix, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), matrix interferences, and carryover were assessed. The samples were extracted by steam distillation in acid environment for the following analysis by IC‐PAD. Furthermore, cyanide values found in two real poisoning cases are reported. For each investigated matrix, the analytical method satisfied all acceptance criteria for validation: it showed a good precision and accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity with no carryover and matrix interference. The extraction by steam distillation in acid environment REDUCED the interference of the matrices and ALLOWED to perform the analysis with good precision and accuracy. In case #1, analysis showed a blood cyanide concentration of 0.99 μg/ml. In case #2, cyanide concentrations were 1.3 μg/g in brain, 0.8 μg/g in lung, 1.6 μg/g in liver, and 1.2 μg/g in gastric content. The cyanide concentrations found in the two reported cases have been suitable to cause death by poisoning.
Changes of some bioactive and physicochemical properties during the black tea processing
Authors: Balaban Osman Tolga , Kamiloğlu Aybike , Kara Hasan Hüseyin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this research, some physical and bioactive properties of tea samples collected from every processing stage of black tea production were investigated. The processing stages were significantly effective on the investigated properties (moisture content, color parameters [L*, a*, and b*], and pH values the total phenolic substance, antioxidant activity) (p < 0.01). The antioxidant activities were found to be at a high level in fresh tea but decreased during the processing stages. Furthermore, the lowest activity was observed in the drying stage for extracts prepared with water and in the drying and sorting stages for extracts prepared with ethanol. In addition, it was determined that palmitic acid, myristic acid, and capric acid as saturated fatty acids, oleic acid, heptadecenoic acid, and eicosenoic acid as unsaturated fatty acids formed the fatty acid profile. Palmitic acid was determined to be the dominant fatty acid in tea samples.Practical ApplicationTea is a beverage known to have positive health effects. The chemical structure of tea is very effective in providing these positive effects on health. Black tea production takes place in five stages in general terms (withering, rolling, oxidation, drying, and sorting stages) after the harvesting. These processes are very effective in the quality properties of tea. This research provides information about effects of processing stages on black tea. Our results demonstrate that processing was significantly effective on the physicochemical and bioactive properties of tea. Functionality of bioactive compounds could be maintained by optimization of the applied processes.
Identification of VdASP F2‐interacting protein as a regulator of microsclerotial formation in Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Guo Cuimei , Yang Xing , Shi Hongli , Chen Chi , Hu Zhijuan , Zheng Xinyao , Yang Xingyong , Xie Chengjian 
Published: April 2022

SummaryVerticillium dahliae, a notorious phytopathogenic fungus, causes vascular wilt diseases in many plant species. The melanized microsclerotia enable V. dahliae to survive for years in soil and are crucial for its disease cycle. In a previous study, we characterized the secretory protein VdASP F2 from V. dahliae and found that VdASP F2 deletion significantly affected the formation of microsclerotia under adverse environmental conditions. In this study, we clarified that VdASP F2 is localized to the cell wall. However, the underlying mechanism of VdASP F2 in microsclerotial formation remains unclear. Transmembrane ion channel protein VdTRP was identified as a candidate protein that interacts with VdASP F2 using pull‐down assays followed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis, and interaction of VdASP F2 and VdTRP was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementary and coimmunoprecipitation assays. The deletion mutant was analysed to reveal that VdTRP is required for microsclerotial production, but it is not essential for stress resistance, carbon utilization and pathogenicity of V. dahliae. RNA‐seq revealed some differentially expressed genes related to melanin synthesis and microsclerotial formation were significantly downregulated in the VdTRP deletion mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that VdASP F2 regulates the formation of melanized microsclerotia by interacting with VdTRP.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Effect of Horizontal Well Reservoir Stimulation for Gas Hydrate Production
Authors: LI Xiaoyang , TIAN Yingying , ZHANG Xin , SONG Gang , ZHAO Ming , LIANG Jinqiang , HUANG Wei , MENG Fanle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new gas hydrate reservoir stimulation method of in‐situ fracturing with transient heating is proposed, in line with analysis of the technological bottlenecks faced by marine gas hydrate production. This method injects the developed chemical reagents into a hydrate reservoir through hydraulic fracturing, releasing heat during the chemical reaction to increase the hydrate decomposition rate. The chemical reaction product furthermore has a honeycomb structure to support fractures and increase reservoir permeability. Based on the geological model of natural gas hydrate in the South China Sea, three development methods are simulated to evaluate hydrate production capacity, consisting of horizontal well, fractured horizontal well and in‐situ fracturing with transient heating well. Compared with the horizontal well, the simulation results show that the cumulative gas production of the fractured horizontal well in one year is 7 times that of the horizontal well, while the cumulative gas production of in‐situ fracturing with transient heating well is 12 times that of the horizontal well, which significantly improves daily efficiency and cumulative gas production. In addition, the variation patterns of hydrate saturation and temperature‐pressure fields with production time for the three exploitation plans are presented, it being found that three sensitive parameters of fracture conductivity, fracture half‐length and fracture number are positively correlated with hydrate production enhancement. Through the simulations, basic data and theoretical support for the optimization of gas hydrate reservoir stimulation scheme has been provided.
Shadow coat colour in American mink associated with a missense mutation in the KIT gene
Authors: Manakhov Andrey D. , Mintseva Maria Yu. , Andreeva Tatiana V. , Trapezov Oleg V. , Rogaev Evgeny I. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe classical genetic analysis describes more 35 mutations that are involved in the formation of the American mink (Neovison vison) fur colour phenotype. To date, only eight of these mutations have been linked to specific genes. Shadow is a member of the commercially valuable Black cross colour family. Here, we performed whole‐genome sequencing of the American mink with a Shadow Silverblue (Sh/+ p/p) phenotype. We identified a missense mutation (c.2374 G>T) in the gene encoding the KIT proto‐oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase gene (KIT), which plays a critical role in melanogenesis as well as in the survival, growth and development of other cell types. The reported mutation results in amino acid substitution p.Asp792Tyr in a highly conserved catalytic loop of the KIT protein.
Seasonal and interannual variation on social wasps’ assemblages in two habitats of a seasonally dry tropical forest region
Authors: Brito Emanuelle L. S. , Zanella Fernando C. V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe patterns of the spatial distribution of insects in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) are strongly influenced by marked seasonal fluctuations. Tropical arthropod seasonality has been linked to multiple factors, ranging from microclimate changes to large‐scale environmental processes. The group of social wasps includes eusocial organisms that play essential roles in ecosystems, acting as pollinators and predators. This study examines the variation in abundance and species richness according to season, rainfall, and temperature in an area of the Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil, which has distinct vegetation characteristics. Four years of continuous sampling with Malaise traps constituted the medium‐term data used in our study. During dry seasons, populations of xerophytic vegetation experienced significant decreases in abundance, which were associated with decreased rainfall; however, we did not observe the same effect in evergreen vegetation. Mesic habitats have less variation in food resources, which may have kept populations active during droughts. However, during wet periods, especially after heavy rainfall, more individuals were recorded in the xeric area compared with the mesic area. Using results from social wasp populations, we conclude that the spatio‐temporal dynamics of insects in forest areas with seasonal characteristics are greatly affected by factors such as the landscape composition and mainly by the distribution of rainfall.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
RETRACTED: Self‐regulation in preschool: Are executive function and effortful control overlapping constructs?
Authors: Schmidt Henning , Daseking Monika , Gawrilow Caterina , Karbach Julia , Kerner auch Koerner Julia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concepts of executive function (EF) and effortful control (EC) are strikingly similar. EF originate from neurocognitive research and are described as an accumulation of cognitive processes that serve the goal‐oriented self‐regulation (SR) of an individual. EC originates from temperament research and is defined as the efficiency of executive attention, including the ability to inhibit a dominant response, to activate a subdominant response, to proceed in a planned manner and to recognize conflicts or errors. The aim of this article was to examine the association between the constructs of EF and EC at the preschool‐age. Eighty‐eight children (49 female; M‐age = 3.93 years, SD = .78) were tested with a computerized battery designed to assess EF at 3–6 years of age (EF Touch). Children's parents completed questionnaires assessing EF impairments (BRIEF‐P) and EC (CBQ). Associations between the constructs and their conceptual overlap were analyzed using correlations and confirmatory factor analyses. We found significant correlations between EF and EC measures. A one‐factor confirmatory model fitted the data very well and indicated that EF and EC are indeed overlapping and highly similar constructs. Therefore, our results show that measures of EC and EF have substantial overlap in preschoolers and suggest an integrated model of self‐regulation.
Effects of different modalities of afferent stimuli of the lumbo‐sacral area on control of lumbar paravertebral muscles
Authors: Massé‐Alarie Hugo , Shraim Muath A. , Taylor Janet L. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSomatosensory feedback to the central nervous system is essential to plan, perform and refine spine motor control. However, the influence of somatosensory afferent input from the trunk on the motor output to trunk muscles has received little attention. The objective was to compare the effects of distinct modalities of afferent stimulation on the net motoneuron and corticomotor excitability of paravertebral muscles. Fourteen individuals were recruited. Modulation of corticospinal excitability (motor‐evoked potential [MEP]) of paravertebral muscles was measured when afferent stimuli (cutaneous noxious and non‐noxious, muscle contraction) were delivered to the trunk at 10 intervals prior to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Each peripheral stimulation was applied alone, and subsequent electromyography (EMG) modulation was measured to control for net motoneuron excitability. MEP modulation and MEP/EMG ratio were used as measures of corticospinal excitability with and without control of net motoneuron excitability, respectively. MEP and EMG modulation were smaller after evoked muscle contraction than after cutaneous noxious and non‐noxious stimuli. MEP/EMG ratio was not different between stimulation types. Both MEP and EMG amplitudes were reduced after evoked muscle contraction, but not when expressed as MEP/EMG ratio. Noxious and non‐noxious stimulation had limited impact on all variables. Distinct modalities of peripheral afferent stimulation of the lumbo‐sacral area differently modulated responses of paravertebral muscles, but without an influence on corticospinal excitability with control of net motoneuron excitability. Muscle stimulation reduced paravertebral activity and was best explained by spinal mechanisms. The impact of afferent stimulation on back muscles differs from the effects reported for limb muscles.
Circadian activities of the brain MNK‐eIF4E signalling axis contribute to diurnal rhythms of some cognitive functions
Authors: Liu Dong , Li Jin , Lin Hao , Lorsung Ethan , Le Nam , Singla Rubal , Mishra Abhishek , Fukunaga Rikiro , Cao Ruifeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough it is well recognized that the circadian timing system profoundly influences cognitive performance, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Our previous work has found that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐interacting kinase (MNK)‐eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) axis, a conserved cellular signalling pathway regulating mRNA translation, modulates the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock. Here, with the use of a combination of genetic, biochemical and behavioural approaches, we investigated the distribution and temporal regulation of eIF4E phosphorylation in the brain and its role in regulating the diurnal oscillations of some aspects of cognition in mice. We found that activities of the MNK‐eIF4E axis, as indicated by the level of eIF4E phosphorylation at Ser209, exhibited significant circadian oscillations in a variety of brain regions, including but not limited to the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala and the cerebellum. Phosphorylated eIF4E was enriched in neurons but not in astrocytes or microglia. Mice lacking eIF4E phosphorylation (eIF4ES209A/S209A) or the MNKs (Mnk1−/−,2−/−), the kinases that phosphorylate eIF4E, exhibited impaired diurnal variations of novel object recognition, object location memory, Barnes maze learning and ambulatory activities. Together, these results suggest that circadian activities of the MNK‐eIF4E axis contribute to the diurnal rhythms of some cognitive functions, highlighting a role for rhythmic translational control in circadian regulation of cognitive performance.
Analysis of breast cancer classification robustness with radiomics feature extraction and deep learning techniques
Authors: Rashid Harun Ur , Ibrikci Turgay , Paydaş Semra , Binokay Figen , Çevik Ulus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBreast cancer and breast imaging diagnostic procedures are typically carried out using a variety of imaging modalities, including mammography, MRI, and ultrasound. However, ultrasound and mammography have limitations and MRI is recognized as better than other procedures. Recent computational approaches, such as radiomics, applied to image analysis have shown remarkable progress in lowering diagnostic difficulties. This research analysed the robustness of breast tumour classification with feature extraction (radiomics) and a featureless method (deep learning). The proposal consists of two stages: the first stage introduced and explored radiomics‐based steps. A total of 111 tumour lesions were used to derive 74 radiomic features consisting of shape, and three separate second‐order metrics. Associations of these features were used to classify tumour lesions with four different kernels from support vector machine algorithm. In the confusion matrix analysis, the SVM‐RBF kernel developed optimal diagnostic efficiency with a maximum test accuracy of 97.06% on the combination of feature analysis. The second stage developed with deep learning techniques (InceptionV3 and CNN‐SVM). A total of 2998 images were used to create the models. In this portion, the CNN‐SVM model achieved the highest accuracy, 95.28%, with an AUC of 0.974, where the pre‐trained InceptionV3 achieved an AUC of only 0.932. Finally, the obtained result in both stages was discussed together and other related studies.
Root architecture characteristics of five natural homogeneous grasslands in riparian buffers from lower reaches of Yellow River
Authors: Guo Erhui , Gu Haiping , Zhang Ruixiang , Yang Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRoot system characteristics are of fundamental importance to soil improvement and underground resource acquisition in riparian buffer strips. Root architectural traits determine the in situ space‐filling properties of a root system. The aims of this study were to examine the grassland root morphological characteristics in the vegetation zone from the lower reaches of Yellow River. Five natural homogeneous grasslands including Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites australis, Cynodon dactylon, Artemisia argyi and Juncellus serotinus were selected. Seven root architecture parameters including fractal dimension, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average diameter, root crossing number and root tip number were analyzed, and comprehensive scores were evaluated using principal component analysis. The results showed that average root diameter of the five herbaceous plants was ranged from 0.42 to 0.78 mm. The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, root crossing number and root tip number of I. cylindrica and P. australis were significantly higher than those of C. dactylon, A. argyi and J. serotinus. The main factors influencing root architecture were average diameter, total root surface area and total root volume through principal component analysis. I. cylindrica had the highest comprehensive score, followed by P. australis, A. argyi, C. dactylon and J. serotinus. I. cylindrica and P. australis would be good competitors for both soil resource acquisition and soil quality improvement due to their root traits. These results could provide a scientific basis for evaluating the ecological function of riparian vegetation.
“Viewed with suspicion, considered idle and mocked‐working caregiving fathers and fatherhood forfeits”
Authors: Kelland Jasmine , Lewis Duncan , Fisher Virginia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExisting academic literature consistently points to a changing role for modern fathers in which they take an egalitarian role in the caregiving responsibilities for their children. Despite this, fathers are observed to continue to dominate the realms of full‐time working, aligning to more traditional breadwinning mentalities than such trends might suggest, raising questions around inequality. Fathers at work have previously been found to encounter challenges within the workplace when they alter, or consider altering their work patterns due to caregiving responsibilities. Employing a sample of working parents and managers, this paper explores how caregiving fathers are perceived within organizations and in considering their experiences, provides a nuanced and detailed understanding of the ways in which mistreatment for caregiving fathers manifests within contemporary UK workplaces. Caregiving fathers are found to face specific challenges termed “fatherhood forfeits” such as perceived idleness, suffering mockery, and being viewed with suspicion by male and female co‐workers. Actions are proposed to address “fatherhood forfeits” that include specific organizational training interventions and the importance of workplace role modeling.
Emicizumab enhances thrombus formation in vitro under high shear flow conditions in whole blood from patients with type 1 and type 3 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Yaoi Hiroaki , Shida Yasuaki , Ogiwara Kenichi , Kitazawa Takehisa , Shima Midori , Nogami Keiji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionType 1 and type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) are caused by partial and complete, quantitative deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF), respectively, and factor (F)VIII/VWF complex concentrates are used for haemostatic treatment. Emicizumab, mimics activated FVIII, reduces bleeding in haemophilia A patients. The effects of emicizumab on haemostasis in both types of VWD remain to be fully established, however.AimTo examine the effects of emicizumab on thrombogenesis in type 1 and type 3 VWD.Patients/MethodsPerfusion chamber experiments under high shear conditions (2500 s–1) combined with immunostaining were performed using whole blood samples from patients with type 1 (VWF:Ag 25 U/dl) and type 3 VWD (<1.0 U/dl).ResultsThe addition of FVIII (1 U/ml) to type 1 blood did not affect thrombus formation, whilst supplementation with VWF (1.6 U/ml) or FVIII/VWF (1 U/ml/1.6 U/ml) enhanced thrombogenesis to a similar extent. FVIII/VWF promoted thrombus formation significantly more than VWF alone, however, in type 3 blood. Emicizumab (100 μg/ml) augmented thrombus formation in type 3 blood compared to FVIII, and this potency seemed to be somewhat greater than that of VWF. Surface coverage of formed thrombus in type 3 VWD was less than that in type 1 VWD, but thrombus height was comparable in both. The addition of emicizumab to type 3 blood enhanced thrombin generation and fibrin formation compared to control IgG.ConclusionEmicizumab promoted mechanisms of thrombus formation in vitro in type 3 and type 1 VWD, suggesting the possibility of alternative therapeutic protocols in these patients.