bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery for Borderline Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hirohata Ryosuke , Hamai Yoichi , Hihara Jun , Emi Manabu , Kurokawa Tomoaki , Yoshikawa Toru , Ohsawa Manato , Kitasaki Nao , Okada Morihito 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is occasionally difficult to diagnose cT3 or cT4b using imaging examinations for esophageal cancer. The optimal treatment strategy for borderline resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (BR‐ESCC) is unclear.MethodsWe included 131 patients with cT3 ESCC who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) followed by surgery. The patients were classified as having definitive cT3 (D‐cT3) or borderline resectable cT3 (BR‐cT3), based on presence of undeniable adjacent organ invasion on pretreatment CT. Surgical outcomes and prognoses were compared among patients with D‐cT3 and BR‐cT3 tumors, and the risk factors for non‐R0 resection were assessed.ResultsNinety and 41 patients were classified as D‐cT3 and BR‐cT3, respectively. Although BR‐cT3 had a significantly higher non‐R0 resection rate than D‐cT3 (D‐cT3 3.7%; BR‐cT3 14.6%), BR‐cT3 was not correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (D‐cT3 5‐year OS, 50.8%; BR‐cT3 5‐year OS 38.4%; p = 0.234). Conversely, non‐R0 resection was significantly associated with poor OS (R0 resection 5‐year OS 48.8%; non‐R0 resection 5‐year OS 22.2%; p = 0.031). Cox regression analysis of OS demonstrated that BR‐cT3 was not a prognostic factor. In the analysis of risk factors for non‐R0 resection, BR‐cT3 (p = 0.027), suspected invasion of the trachea or bronchus (p = 0.046), and high SUVmax of the primary lesion after NCRT (p = 0.002) were risk factors.ConclusionsNCRT followed by surgery achieved a relatively high R0 resection rate and an almost equal overall survival rate for BR‐cT3 compared with D‐cT3 ESCC. Thus, NCRT followed by surgery is an effective treatment strategy for patients with BR‐cT3 ESCC.
Forensic age assessment by 3.0 T MRI of the wrist: adaption of the Vieth classification
Authors: Ottow C. , Schmidt S. , Heindel W. , Pfeiffer H. , Buerke B. , Schmeling A. , Vieth V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
In order to find a reliable method to correctly assess majority in both sexes by MRI, a study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of the recently presented Vieth classification in wrist MRI, after it had originally been proposed for knee MRI.

Methods
After receiving a positive vote by the ethics committee, the left-hand wrists of 347 male and 348 female volunteers of German nationality in the age bracket 12–24 years were scanned. Before conducting the prospective, cross-sectional examinations, an informed consent was obtained from each volunteer. A 3.0 T MRI scanner was used, acquiring a T1 turbo spin-echo sequence (TSE) and a T2 TSE sequence with fat suppression by spectral presaturation with inversion recovery (SPIR). The images were assessed by applying the Vieth classification. Minimum, maximum, mean ± standard deviation, and median with lower and upper quartiles were defined. Intra- and interobserver agreements were determined by calculating the kappa coefficients. Differences between the sexes were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
By applying the unmodified Vieth classification with corresponding schematics, it was possible to assess majority in both sexes via the epiphyseal-diaphyseal fusion of the distal radius and in males also via the epiphyseal-diaphyseal fusion of the distal ulna. The Mann-Whitney U test implied significant sex-related differences for all stages. For both epiphyses, the intra- and interobserver agreement levels were very good (κ > 0.8).

Conclusion
If confirmed by further studies, it would be possible to determine the completion of the 18th year of life in both sexes by 3.0 T MRI of the wrist and using the Vieth classification.

Key Points
• The Vieth classification allows determining majority in males and females alike based on the distal radius’ epiphysis by 3.0 T MRI of the wrist.
• The Vieth classification also allows determining majority in males based on the distal ulna’s epiphysis by 3.0 T MRI of the wrist, but not in females.
• The presented data can be deemed referential within certain discussed boundaries.
Safety and Clinical Benefits of Laryngeal Closure in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Yokoi Sayaka , Nishio Naoki , Maruo Takashi , Hiramatsu Mariko , Mukoyama Nobuaki , Tsuzuki Hidenori , Wada Akihisa , Atsuta Naoki , Ito Daisuke , Tsuboi Takashi , Sobue Gen , Katsuno Masahisa , Fujimoto Yasushi , Sone Michihiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the safety of laryngeal closure and post-surgical changes in swallowing function of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and proposed an appropriate surgical strategy for patients with ALS. Clinical and surgical data of 26 consecutive patients with ALS who underwent laryngeal closure at Nagoya University Hospital in Japan between 2003 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Changes in swallowing functions were evaluated before and approximately 1 month post-surgery using Neuromuscular Disease Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS), and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). The median operation time was 126 min (range, 51–163 min), and the median intraoperative blood loss was 20 mL (range, 0–88 mL). Among the 26 ALS patients who underwent laryngeal closure, grade 1 (mild) complications occurred in three patients (12%); however, no severe complications were observed. After surgery, 25 patients (96%) maintained the swallowing function and only one patient (4%) had deteriorating NdSSS and FOIS scores. No patients were referred to our hospital due to severe aspiration pneumonia after the surgery. Two patients did not require a feeding tube after the surgery and returned to oral intake. Laryngeal closure may be a safe surgical procedure for preventing chronic aspiration and may also maintain swallowing function of patients with ALS. Further multicenter prospective studies using the gold standard videofluoroscopic swallowing examination are required to support our findings.
Risk factors for metastasis and survival of patients with T1 gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma treated with endoscopic therapy versus surgical resection
Authors: Ye Hua , Yuan Yuan , Chen Ping , Zheng Qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy is recommended for early gastric Neuroendocrine carcinoma (G-NEC). We attempted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of metastasis of T1 G-NEC and compare the long-term survival of patients after receiving endoscopic therapy (ET) and radical surgery.

Methods
In this study, 205 patients in total with T1 G-NEC were collected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result database. Independent predictors of metastasis were identified by Logistic regression analysis, followed by the calculation of both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
Twenty-five patients (12.2%) were burdened with metastasis at initial diagnosis, with a prevalence of 5.2% (3/58) in mucosa lesions and 16.2% (16/99) in submucosa lesions (P = 0.045). No metastasis was detected in lesions with mucosa involvement and tumors ≦ 20 mm (0%, 0/49). The most significant risk factor for metastasis was tumors > 20 mm [odds ratio (OR) 18.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.01–86.68; P < 0.001]. For patients with T1N0M0 G-NEC who received ET or surgery, the 10-year OS was similar between the mucosa extension and submucosa extension groups, which was 91.56% in ET group vs 87.50% in surgery group (P = 0.62) and 57.33% vs 77.83% (P = 0.11), respectively. In addition, the 10-year CSS was also similar between the mucosa extension and submucosa extension groups with 97.30% in ET vs 100% in surgery (P = 0.51) and 97.62% vs 86.49% (P = 0.65).

Conclusions
In G-NEC, tumors > 20 mm were considered as the most significant risk factor for metastasis. ET seemed adequate for the lesions with mucosa involvement and size ≦ 2 cm.
Analysis of the risk factors for early tether breakage following vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Baroncini A. , Trobisch P. , Eschweiler J. , Migliorini F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Tether breakage is a common mechanical complication after VBT. When this occurs shortly after surgery, patients may be at higher risk for loss of correction. Aim of this study was to analyze demographic and radiographic parameters that may potentially be risk factors for early tether breakage, as no data are yet available on this topic.

Materials and methods
All skeletally immature patients who underwent VBT and for whom a 1-year follow-up was available were included in the study. Demographic, intraoperative and coronal and sagittal parameters from the preoperative and 1st standing X-rays were collected. Patients were divided in two groups according to the presence or absence of a breakage and the outcomes of interest were compared.

Results
Data from 105 patients were available (age 14.2 ± 1.5, 153 curves). Lumbar curves showed a higher risk of breakage than thoracic ones (71% vs. 29%, P < 0.0001). Overall, preoperative risk factors were a high curve magnitude (MD, mean difference − 4.1°, P = 0.03) and a limited flexibility (MD 8.9%, P = 0.006); postoperative risk factors were a large residual curve (MD − 6.4°, P = 0.0005) and a limited correction (MD 8.4%, P = 0.0005). The same risk factors were identified in thoracic curves, while in lumbar instrumentation only a higher preoperative Cobb angle represented a risk factor for breakage. Age and skeletal maturity did not represent risk factors.

Conclusion
The main preoperative risk factors for early tether breakage after VBT are a high curve magnitude and a limited flexibility. A limited curve correction also represents a risk factor for this complication.
Dalbergiones lower the inflammatory response in oral cells in vitro
Authors: Shao Feng , Panahipour Layla , Omerbasic Anes , Tang Fangrui , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Periodontitis is a global health burden that underlines the demand for anti-inflammatory treatment. Dalbergia melanoxylon being a rich source of flavonoids has been widely used in traditional medicine but the potential anti-inflammatory activity of its dalbergiones remains to be shown.

Material and methods
We have isolated 3′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxydalbergione, 4-methoxydalbergione, and 4′-hydroxy-4-methoxydalbergione from Dalbergia melanoxylon and tested their potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Results
All dalbergiones are potent inhibitors of an LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 macrophages. This is specified by IL1β and IL6 production, and the p65 nuclear translocation. Consistently, in primary macrophages, the dalbergiones caused an M1-to-M2 polarization switch indicated by the decreased ration of IL1β and IL6 versus arginase 1 and YM1 expression. To implement oral cells, we have used gingival fibroblasts exposed to IL1β and TNFα. Consistently, all dalbergiones reduced the expression of IL6 and IL8 as well as the nuclear translocation of p65.

Conclusion
These findings increase the accumulating knowledge on dalbergiones and extend it towards its capacity to lower the inflammatory response of oral cells.

Clinical relevance
These findings are another piece of evidence that supports the use of herbal medicine to potentially lower inflammatory events related to dentistry.
A remote sensing-based classification approach for river mouths of the Amazon-influenced Guianas coast
Authors: Gardel Antoine , Anthony Edward J. , Santos Valdenira F. , Huybrechts Nicolas , Lesourd Sandric , Sottolichio Aldo , Maury Tanguy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mouths of the rivers on the 1500-km-long Guianas coast, South America, are strongly influenced by large mud banks migrating alongshore from the Amazon River. To probe this influence, a river-mouth morphological classification scheme was carried out from satellite images, complemented by data from rare previous studies of estuarine hydrodynamics. The classification highlights a variety of morphological and dynamic river-mouth types that are further influenced by both fluvial water discharge and fluvial catchment rock type. Three basic types are identified: (1) river mouths diverted westward by capes and spits built from multi-decadal to multi-millennial accumulation of mud supplied by the Amazon; among these, mouths close to the Amazon are fixed by bedrock surrounded by mud; (2) small river mouths in French Guiana fixed by outcrops of Precambrian rocks that form headlands devoid of Amazon mud; and (3) large river mouths characterized by high water discharge that imparts an orientation normal to the coast; the largest two belonging to this type (the Essequibo in Guyana and the Maroni on the border between French Guiana and Suriname) exhibit infilled mouths that are transitioning towards deltas. These river mouths show a tropical seasonal estuarine circulation regime strongly influenced by Amazon mud. The influence of mud from the distant Amazon constitutes a unique aspect of the river mouths on the Guianas coast. Field and modelling studies in the future will be needed in order to achieve better characterization of the influence of Amazon mud on the estuarine circulation systems and of the distribution of sediment types within these river mouths, including sand supplied by the rivers.
Increasing the Efficacy of Treatment for Socially Anxious Youth Through Theoretically Derived Improvements: A Pilot Study
Authors: Leigh Lynda H. , Doyle Frances L. , Hudson Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCognitive behavioural therapy is the first line of treatment for social anxiety disorder; however, children with social anxiety disorder do not respond as well to generic cognitive behavioural therapy programs, compared to children with other anxiety disorders. The aim of the study was to provide a preliminary examination of the efficacy and applicability of a new disorder specific intervention for children with social anxiety disorder. Five children aged 7–13 years, with a primary or secondary DSM-5 diagnosis of social anxiety disorder were provided with an adapted version of the Cool Kids anxiety program. Three out of the five children were in remission from social anxiety disorder at the end of the intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Statistically significant improvements were also noted in overall anxiety symptoms and functioning. Preliminary evidence was found for the efficacy of a social anxiety version of the Cool Kids program.
Modeling Dinophysis in Western Andalucía using an autoregressive hidden Markov model
Authors: Aron Jordan , Albert Paul S. , Gribble Matthew O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDinophysis spp. can produce diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST) including okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins, and some strains can also produce non-diarrheic pectenotoxins. Although DSTs are of human health concern and have motivated environmental monitoring programs in many locations, these monitoring programs often have temporal data gaps (e.g., days without measurements). This paper presents a model for the historical time-series, on a daily basis, of DST-producing toxigenic Dinophysis in 8 monitored locations in western Andalucía over 2015–2020, incorporating measurements of algae counts and DST levels. We fitted a bivariate hidden Markov Model (HMM) incorporating an autoregressive correlation among the observed DST measurements to account for environmental persistence of DST. We then reconstruct the maximum-likelihood profile of algae presence in the water column at daily intervals using the Viterbi algorithm. Using historical monitoring data from Andalucía, the model estimated that potentially toxigenic Dinophysis algae is present at greater than or equal to 250 cells/L between< 1% and>10% of the year depending on the site and year. The historical time-series reconstruction enabled by this method may facilitate future investigations into temporal dynamics of toxigenic Dinophysis blooms.
Breadth of study at secondary school and the attainment and progression of university graduates in Scotland, 1960–2002
Authors: Paterson Lindsay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe relationship between the breadth of the curriculum which university students followed at secondary school and their degree attainment or their entry to employment is studied using a series of surveys of graduates from Scottish universities between 1960 and 2002. The relationship of the school curriculum to the later experience of students who entered university has not been extensively studied. Scotland is a useful case study for this purpose because breadth of study at school was a core feature of school-leaving assessment from the origins of modern secondary schooling in the early twentieth century until the end of the century. Breadth of learning was also a principle of the dominant university tradition in Scotland from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. The conclusion of the analysis is that breadth was associated with propensity to enter professions rather than managerial occupations, and to avoiding low-status occupations. But also, for students with relatively moderate or low attainment from school, breadth was associated with a lower chance of gaining the highest attainment at university.
Aponeurosis discission, a low-detergent method for tissue-engineered acellular ligament scaffolds
Authors: Zhou Sheng-yuan , Yuan Bo , Huang Wen-mao , Chen Xiong-sheng , Jia Lian-shun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDetergent treatment is the most commonly used method for the decellularization of ligaments and tendon grafts. However, it is well recognized that detergent treatment can also adversely affect the extracellular matrix. This study found that discission into the aponeurosis layer of the patellar tendon (PT) before decellularization is conducive to extracting cells from the PT using a low quantity of detergent in a short time period. The acellular aponeurosis discission ligament (AADL) retains its native collagen fibril structure and mechanical properties. Moreover, the PT retained cell and tissue compatibility in vitro and in vivo. After implantation into a defective allogeneic PT, we found that the AADL healed well in the host, and its collagen structure exhibited gradual improvement 12 months after implantation with satisfactory reconstruction.ImpactThe aponeurosis of tendons/ligaments is the main barrier to achieving complete decellularization, and it thus prevents complete recellularization for applications in tissue engineering. Aponeurosis can obstruct the removal of cell components. We found that excising the aponeurosis before decellularization allows for the removal of cellular components with a reduced amount of detergent, thus improving the biological properties of the acellular ligament. To the best of our knowledge, no similar studies have been performed.
Contrasting Explanations for Understanding and Regularizing Model Adaptations
Authors: Artelt André , Hinder Fabian , Vaquet Valerie , Feldhans Robert , Hammer Barbara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany of today’s decision making systems deployed in the real world are not static—they are changing and adapting over time, a phenomenon known as model adaptation takes place. Because of their wide reaching influence and potentially serious consequences, the need for transparency and interpretability of AI-based decision making systems is widely accepted and thus have been worked on extensively—e.g. a very prominent class of explanations are contrasting explanations which try to mimic human explanations. However, usually, explanation methods assume a static system that has to be explained. Explaining non-static systems is still an open research question, which poses the challenge how to explain model differences, adaptations and changes. In this contribution, we propose and (empirically) evaluate a general framework for explaining model adaptations and differences by contrasting explanations. We also propose a method for automatically finding regions in data space that are affected by a given model adaptation—i.e. regions where the internal reasoning of the other (e.g. adapted) model changed—and thus should be explained. Finally, we also propose a regularization for model adaptations to ensure that the internal reasoning of the adapted model does not change in an unwanted way.
Interaction between soil and fertiliser nitrogen drives plant nitrogen uptake and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in tropical sugarcane systems
Authors: Takeda Naoya , Friedl Johannes , Kirkby Robert , Rowlings David , De Rosa Daniele , Scheer Clemens , Grace Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
High nitrogen (N) fertiliser inputs in intensive sugarcane systems drive productivity but also significant emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Fertiliser and soil N availability for both plant N uptake and N2O emissions across different N rates remain unknown, hindering efficient N management. This study investigated the contribution of fertiliser and soil N and their interaction to plant N uptake and N2O emissions in two intensively managed tropical sugarcane systems.

Methods
High temporal resolution N2O measurements were combined with 15N recoveries across four N fertiliser rates, (100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha− 1) in soil, plant and N2O emissions.

Results
Cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.3 to 4.1 kg N ha− 1, corresponding to emission factors ranging from 0.7 to 2.4%. Native soil N accounted for > 60% of cumulative N2O emissions and total plant N uptake. Fertiliser N addition increased N2O emissions from native soil N compared to the unfertilised control, highlighting the interaction between fertiliser and soil N, which determined the overall magnitude but also the response of total N2O emissions to N rates dependent on the site conditions. Overall fertiliser 15N loss responded exponentially to N rates with 50% of applied N fertiliser permanently lost even at the recommended N rate.

Conclusions
The interaction between fertiliser and soil N and its contribution to N uptake and N2O emissions demonstrate the importance of integrating soil fertility management with N fertiliser rate recommendations for sugarcane systems to maintain crop productivity and reduce environmental impacts.
How do philosophers and nonphilosophers think about philosophy? And does personality make a difference?
Authors: Andow James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent metaphilosophical debates have focused on the methods/epistemology of philosophy (e.g., the role of intuitions), and the structure of the discipline (e.g., which subfields are considered central to philosophy). The paper reports the results of an exploratory study examining the relationship between personality and both kinds of metaphilosophical view. The findings reported are (a) No important link between personality and attitudes to intuitions, (b) Apparent differences between experts and non-experts as to which subfields are considered central, (c) Only limited evidence that perceptions of centrality are related to personality in minor ways. Although no dramatic relationships between personality and metaphilosophical view are found, the results nonetheless prompt some reflection about the role played by judgements about the centrality of subfields within the discipline.