bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The involvement of a chemokine receptor antagonist CTCE‐9908 and kynurenine metabolites in cancer development
Authors: Nkandeu Danielle Sandra , Basson Charlize , Joubert Anna Margaretha , Serem June Cheptoo , Bipath Priyesh , Nyakudya Trevor , Hlophe Yvette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in South Africa with nearly 20,000 reported cases every year and 700 deaths. If diagnosed early, the 5‐year survival rate is about 90%, however, when diagnosed late, the 5‐year survival rate decreases to about 20%. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with an estimated 5‐year survival rate of approximately 90%. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer with a low survival rate. Sixty percent of patients with metastatic disease do not survive 5 years after diagnosis. Despite recent advances in targeted therapies, there is a crucial need to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers which will be able to contribute to the development of more precision‐based chemotherapeutic strategies to prevent tumour migration and metastasis. The compound, CTCE‐9908 inhibits the binding of CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) to the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) receptor leading to reduced metastasis. Kynurenine metabolites are derived tryptophan, which is an essential amino acid. Kynurenine metabolites inhibit T‐cell proliferation resulting in cell growth arrest. For this reason, chemokines receptors represent potential targets for the treatment of cancer growth and metastasis. In this review paper, the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling pathway in the development of cancer is highlighted together with the current available treatments involving the CTCE‐9908 compound in combination with microtubule inhibitors like paclitaxel and docetaxel.
Decrease in CO2 Emissions in Obtaining Polymer‐Grade Propylene by Extractive Distillation
Authors: Cruz-Valdez Jesús Alonso , Patiño-Herrera Rosalba , González-Alatorre Guillermo , Louvier-Hernández José Francisco , Martínez Adriana Avilés , Perez Elías 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo separate propylene from propane, whose boiling points are very close, leads to challenges, especially if it is intended to achieve higher energy efficiencies, reduce process expenses, and diminish environmental impacts. Polymer‐grade propylene can be obtained through an extractive distillation process, using 90 wt % of acetonitrile (ACN) as main solvent and 10 wt % of ethylenediamine (EDA) or methyl ethyl ketone or ethanol as co‐solvent, favoring the separation of propylene with purity greater than 99.60 mol % due to the increase of the relative volatility of propane. Compared to the use of aqueous N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as extraction solvent, ACN‐EDA solvents have shown to be able to achieve savings of 8.09 % in total annual cost and 5.95 % in CO2 emissions. The results demonstrate that the extractive distillation process using ACN‐EDA can reduce process costs as well as CO2 emissions compared to the same process with aqueous NMP.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Fe‐ and V‐Doped and Co‐Doped TiO2
Authors: Garg Alok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDoping and co‐doping of TiO2 nanoparticles was performed using iron and vanadium by an impregnation method and the as‐synthesized samples were characterized. The redesigned photocatalyst mainly covered the anatase phase in the presence of metal ions in the lattice of the TiO2 photocatalyst. The UV‐vis extinction coefficient and Raman spectroscopy revealed a redshift with an increase in the concentration of metal ions. The synthesized photocatalysts did not change the shape of the nanoparticles. The anticancer and antibacterial activities were checked using doped and co‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles on a lung cancer cell line and E. coli, respectively. The results indicated effective cell inhibition using the co‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles and maximum antibacterial activity in TiO2 doped with ferric ions.
Translational and Clinical Relevance of PDX‐Derived Organoid Models in Oncology Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Kumari Rajendra , Xu Xiaoxi , Li Henry Qi‐Xang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPatient‐derived cancer disease models conserve many key features of the original human cancers, potentially allowing higher predictive power than traditional cell line models. Accordingly, in vivo patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) are frequently utilized in preclinical and translational oncology studies as patient surrogates for population‐based screens (“mouse clinical trials”), for which large PDX biobanks have been generated over the last decade from various cancer types. In vitro patient‐derived organoids (PDO) have recently emerged as a disruptive technology, enabling early “patient in a dish” clinical trials. Like PDX, PDOs retain the histology/genomics of the original tumor and are highly predictive of the clinical response. Organoids derived from adult stem cells (ASC) in patient tissue can function as mini‐organs. They have greater advantages over other 3D in vitro systems, making them highly predictive, reliable, and consistent in vitro models. Large biobanks enable the adoption of organoids in early drug screening and patient selection. PDX biobanks, as a source of human material, have been used to create 3D in vitro screens, but with limitations. However, creating organoids from the ASCs residing in PDXs has been successfully used as a rapid and cost‐effective way to enable higher throughput in vitro screens and generate matched in vitro/in vivo model pairs that retain genomic, histopathological, and pharmacology profiles. This overview summarizes the generation of matched in vitro/in vivo models from patient material, the advantages over other systems, and the applications to drug discovery. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Optimizing the test locations and replicates in multi‐environmental cotton registration trials in southern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xu Naiyin , Qiao Yintao , Zhao Suqin , Yang Xiaoni , Li Jian , Fok Michel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMulti‐environment trials are routinely conducted around the world to select superior cultivars; the numbers of replicates and locations remains insufficiently studied despite their effects on trial efficiency and cost. The objective of the present study was to compensate for the mentioned lack by dealing with the specific case of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in arid conditions of China and by estimating the optimal numbers of locations and/or replicates in a more comprehensive way than implemented so far, that is, optimizing with regard jointly to three criteria, namely, genotype ranking, location evaluation, and environment investigation. Trial heritability and the optimal numbers of locations and replicates were estimated through adapted genotype plus genotype × environment biplot analysis from data of cotton variety registration trials in the fringes of the Taklimakan Desert in Southern Xinjiang in China over the 2011–2020 period when three replicate trials were generally conducted in nine locations. Despite the identification of two mega‐environments (MEs) through location grouping biplot analysis, our study showed robust results of genotype ranking, correlation among test locations, and location grouping that were not affected by reducing the number of replicates. It was concluded that two replicates (instead of three) were sufficient for reliable genotype evaluation, test location evaluation, and ME classification in the studied trial scheme. The implied savings justifies similar study on other schemes.
Integrated analysis of genes encoding ATP‐dependent chromatin remodellers identifies CHD7 as a potential target for colorectal cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Xingyan , Zhou Yaoyao , Shi Zhenyu , Liu Zhenfeng , Chen Hao , Wang Xiaochen , Cheng Yiming , Xi Lishan , Li Xuanyuan , Zhang Chunze , Bao Li , Xuan Chenghao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenes participating in chromatin organization and regulation are frequently mutated or dysregulated in cancers. ATP‐dependent chromatin remodelers (ATPCRs) play a key role in organizing genomic DNA within chromatin, therefore regulating gene expression. The oncogenic role of ATPCRs and the mechanism involved remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed the genomic and transcriptional aberrations of the genes encoding ATPCRs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. A series of cellular experiments and mouse tumor‐bearing experiments were conducted to reveal the regulatory function of CHD7 on the growth of colorectal cancer cells. RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq approaches together with ChIP assays were performed to elucidate the downstream targets and the molecular mechanisms.ResultsOur data showed that many ATPCRs represented a high frequency of somatic copy number alterations, widespread somatic mutations, remarkable expression abnormalities, and significant correlation with overall survival, suggesting several somatic driver candidates including chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7) in colorectal cancer. We experimentally demonstrated that CHD7 promotes the growth of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. CHD7 can bind to the promoters of target genes to maintain chromatin accessibility and facilitate transcription. We found that CHD7 knockdown downregulates AK4 expression and activates AMPK phosphorylation, thereby promoting the phosphorylation and stability of p53 and leading to the inhibition of the colorectal cancer growth. Our muti‐omics analyses of ATPCRs across large‐scale cancer specimens identified potential therapeutic targets and our experimental studies revealed a novel CHD7‐AK4‐AMPK‐p53 axis that plays an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer.
Detection of erythropoiesis stimulating agent Luspatercept after administration to healthy volunteers for antidoping purposes
Authors: Marchand Alexandre , Miller Geoff , Martin Laurent , Gobbo Coralie , Crouch Andre K. , Eichner Daniel , Ericsson Magnus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLuspatercept (Reblozyl®) is a newly approved anti‐anemic drug prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency. It promotes erythropoiesis by limiting apoptosis of immature erythroblasts and the risk of misuse by athletes for doping is high. Proposed detection methods have been published recently but only evaluated in vitro. The objective of this study was to perform the first administration of luspatercept in healthy volunteers for antidoping purpose and to evaluate the detectability in serum, dried capillary blood spots (DBS, collected using TASSO M20 device), and urine. Indirect detection was also evaluated by analyzing hematological parameters for the Athlete Biological Passport. Four volunteers (two males, two females) received one subtherapeutic dose of luspatercept (0.25 mg/kg) followed 3 weeks after by a second dose. Samples were collected from before administration until 7 weeks after the second dose. After immunopurification, electrophoretic separation SDS‐/SAR‐/IEF‐ polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and immunodetection, luspatercept was detected at high levels in serum until the end of the collection, sign of a very slow elimination and similarly detected unchanged at lower levels in urine from 2 days after the first administration until 7 weeks postadministration. DBS showed also the same long window of detection. Luspatercept effects were however of limited amplitude on hematological markers, and only two subjects presented atypical points outside the physiological limits during the study. The direct detection method was very efficient, and change of electrophoretic method and detection antibody can be used for confirmation of suspicious samples.
Use of road underpasses by mammals and a monitor lizard in eastern Australia and consideration of the prey‐trap hypothesis
Authors: Goldingay Ross L. , Rohweder David , Taylor Brendan D. , Parkyn Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRoad networks continue to expand globally with predictable effects on ecological systems. Research into the effectiveness of road underpasses and overpasses for wildlife has been concentrated in North America and Europe. In Australia, most studies of underpasses have been of relatively short duration and without reference sites to give context to the measured rates of use. We studied 5–7 road underpasses at two locations in eastern Australia over 2–3 years, comparing camera trap detections of animals in underpasses with those at nearby forest sites. Three species of large macropod (wallabies and kangaroos) were frequently detected in the underpasses, with some underpasses traversed 1–4 times per week, and in many cases exceeded detections in the forest. The lace monitor (Varanus varius) was detected in all underpasses, often once per week during spring and summer, and infrequently in the forest. At each location, a different small macropod species, including one regionally threatened, showed a higher probability of detection in one underpass compared with several of the forest sites. The vulnerable koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) was detected infrequently in underpasses and in the adjoining forest. The short‐beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) had a high probability of detection in a single underpass. The “prey‐trap hypothesis” postulates that predators will exhibit increased activity at underpasses as a consequence of prey being funneled. We found the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) had high activity in some underpasses. However, its activity coincided less than expected with the activity of the mammals most at risk to it. Our results provide no consistent support for the “prey‐trap hypothesis.” Instead, our study confirms the generic value of underpasses for a range of medium‐large mammals as well as one large reptile. Habitat adjoining underpasses exert a strong influence on their use and require greater consideration to maximize underpass use.
Surface modulated Fe doping of β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets for highly promoted oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Hu Shuisheng , Li Yong , Kim Daekyu , Liu Mengjie , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActive yet low‐cost electrocatalysts for water oxidation are crucial for the development of hydrogen energy economy. The Fe doping into Ni(OH)2 dramatically enhances catalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but fabricating Ni(OH)2 of high Fe loading is still challenging. Herein, we report a one‐pot strategy to prepare disordered β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with a high Fe doping level (9.9 at%, D‐Fe‐Ni(OH)2). By engaging 1,4‐phenylenediphosphonic acid (BDPA), FexBDPAy precursors are in situ generated in a growth solution containing Fe3+ ions, which decrease the reaction kinetics of Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions at the surface of Ni foam. This prevents the deconstructive hydrolysis by Fe3+ ions and enables a high Fe‐doping in D‐Fe‐Ni(OH)2. The as‐prepared D‐Fe‐Ni(OH)2 affords 10 mA cm−2 at an ultralow OER overpotential of 194 mV in alkaline media. This work offers a promising strategy of engaging organic ligands to achieve high‐doping levels for the construction of efficient electrocatalysts.image
How do large wildfires impact sediment redistribution over multiple decades?
Authors: Follmi Dante , Baartman Jantiene , Benali Akli , Nunes Joao Pedro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWildfires have become an increasing threat for Mediterranean ecosystems, due to increasing climate change‐induced wildfire activity and changing land management practices. In addition to the initial risk, wildfires can alter the soil in various ways—depending on fire severity—and cause enhanced post‐fire erosion. Usually, post‐fire erosion studies focus on a short time window and lack the attention for sediment dynamics at larger spatial scales. Yet, these large spatial and temporal scales are fundamental for a better understanding of long‐term destructive effects of multiple recurring wildfires on post‐fire erosion processes and catchment sediment dynamics. In this study the landscape evolution model LAPSUS was used to simulate erosion and deposition in the 404 km2 Águeda catchment in north‐central Portugal over a 41‐year (1979–2020) timespan, including eight wildfires each burning >1000 ha. To include variation in fire severity and its impact on the soil, four burn severity classes, represented by the difference normalized burn ratio (dNBR), were parameterized. Although model calibration was difficult due to lack of spatial and temporal measured data, the results show that long‐term post‐fire net erosion rates were significantly higher in the wildfire scenarios (5.95 ton ha−1 yr−1) compared to those of a non‐wildfire scenario (0.58 ton ha−1 yr−1). Furthermore, erosion values increased with burn severity and multiple wildfires increased the overall catchment sediment build‐up. Simulated erosion patterns showed great spatial variability, with large deposition and erosion rates inside streams. This variability made it difficult to identify land uses that were most sensitive for post‐fire erosion, because some land uses were located in more erosion‐sensitive areas (e.g. streams, gullies) or were more affected by high burn severity levels than others. Despite these limitations, LAPSUS performed well on addressing spatial sediment processes and can contribute to pre‐fire management strategies, by identifying locations at risk of post‐fire erosion.
Sex differences in predictors and regional patterns of brain age gap estimates
Authors: Sanford Nicole , Ge Ruiyang , Antoniades Mathilde , Modabbernia Amirhossein , Haas Shalaila S. , Whalley Heather C. , Galea Liisa , Popescu Sebastian G. , Cole James H. , Frangou Sophia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe brain‐age‐gap estimate (brainAGE) quantifies the difference between chronological age and age predicted by applying machine‐learning models to neuroimaging data and is considered a biomarker of brain health. Understanding sex differences in brainAGE is a significant step toward precision medicine. Global and local brainAGE (G‐brainAGE and L‐brainAGE, respectively) were computed by applying machine learning algorithms to brain structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 1113 healthy young adults (54.45% females; age range: 22–37 years) participating in the Human Connectome Project. Sex differences were determined in G‐brainAGE and L‐brainAGE. Random forest regression was used to determine sex‐specific associations between G‐brainAGE and non‐imaging measures pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics and mental, physical, and cognitive functions. L‐brainAGE showed sex‐specific differences; in females, compared to males, L‐brainAGE was higher in the cerebellum and brainstem and lower in the prefrontal cortex and insula. Although sex differences in G‐brainAGE were minimal, associations between G‐brainAGE and non‐imaging measures differed between sexes with the exception of poor sleep quality, which was common to both. While univariate relationships were small, the most important predictor of higher G‐brainAGE was self‐identification as non‐white in males and systolic blood pressure in females. The results demonstrate the value of applying sex‐specific analyses and machine learning methods to advance our understanding of sex‐related differences in factors that influence the rate of brain aging and provide a foundation for targeted interventions.
Essential lipid autacoids rewire mitochondrial energy efficiency in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease
Authors: López‐Vicario Cristina , Sebastián David , Casulleras Mireia , Duran‐Güell Marta , Flores‐Costa Roger , Aguilar Ferran , Lozano Juan José , Zhang Ingrid W. , Titos Esther , Kang Jing X. , Zorzano Antonio , Arita Makoto , Clària Joan 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim:
Injury to hepatocyte mitochondria is common in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated whether changes in the content of essential fatty acid–derived lipid autacoids affect hepatocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolic efficiency.

Approach and Results:
The study was performed in transgenic mice for the fat‐1 gene, which allows the endogenous replacement of the membrane omega‐6–polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition by omega‐3–PUFA. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hepatocyte mitochondria of fat‐1 mice had more abundant intact cristae and higher mitochondrial aspect ratio. Fat‐1 mice had increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and II and translocases of both inner (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44) and outer (translocase of the outer membrane 20) mitochondrial membranes. Fat‐1 mice also showed increased mitofusin‐2 and reduced dynamin‐like protein 1 phosphorylation, which mediate mitochondrial fusion and fission, respectively. Mitochondria of fat‐1 mice exhibited enhanced oxygen consumption rate, fatty acid β‐oxidation, and energy substrate utilization as determined by high‐resolution respirometry, [1‐14C]‐oleate oxidation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride/dihydroflavine‐adenine dinucleotide production, respectively. Untargeted lipidomics identified a rich hepatic omega‐3–PUFA composition and a specific docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–enriched lipid fingerprint in fat‐1 mice. Targeted lipidomics uncovered a higher content of DHA‐derived lipid autacoids, namely resolvin D1 and maresin 1, which rescued hepatocytes from TNFα‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and unblocked the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and metabolic utilization of long‐chain acyl‐carnitines, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Importantly, fat‐1 mice were protected against mitochondrial injury induced by obesogenic and fibrogenic insults.

Conclusion:
Our data uncover the importance of a lipid membrane composition rich in DHA and its lipid autacoid derivatives to have optimal hepatic mitochondrial and metabolic efficiency.