bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Australian Coral Reef Society: the last 40 years of a century working with Australia’s coral reefs
Authors: Hamylton Sarah M. , Hutchings Pat , Sims Carrie , Ward Selina 
Published: September 2022

On the 100-year anniversary of the Australian Coral Reef Society (ACRS), previously known as the Great Barrier Reef Committee (GBRC), we provide an overview of ACRS activities throughout its history, with a detailed account of key milestones in the last 40 years. We outline how the ACRS as promoted the protection and conservation of reefs, through expert advice, reviews, and submissions to enquiries. Examples are provided under the following themes: ACRS consultancy on zoning the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park, marine protected area design, water quality on the GBR, port expansions along the Queensland coastline and environmental reform for the offshore oil and gas industry. We illustrate how scientists over recent decades have worked to better understand and encourage policy responses to the impacts of climate change on Australia’s coral reefs. For a hundred years, the GBRC-ACRS has provided an avenue for Australian coral reef scientists, managers and conservationists to influence reef governance through policy. While these unique avenues for delivering timely and targeted expertise have helped to reduce proximate threats to reefs at local scales, their outcome in relation to climate change, arguably the largest threat to Australia’s coral reefs, remains to be seen.
Metacognition in multilingual learning and teaching
Authors: Jessner Ulrike , Allgäuer-Hackl Elisabeth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metacognition has been increasingly discussed as one of the main features of learning in the 21st century (see Haukås, Bjørke, & Dypedahl, 2018). In the Dynamic Model of Multilingualism Theory (DMM) (Herdina & Jessner 2002), which applies Complexity and Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) to multilingualism, it is argued that multilinguals develop increased knowledge of languages and language learning through experience. In this article a CDST perspective on multilingual learning and teaching with a focus on metacognition will be presented. The central sub-component of metacognition in DMM, in the form of multilingual awareness, comprising metalinguistic and cross-linguistic awareness in multilingual learners, will be discussed as a core feature of multilingual proficiency in multilingual development. In a number of studies in the Austrian and South Tyrolean context multilingual awareness has turned out as a core factor in both learning and teaching. These studies show that multilingual awareness has to be trained in multilingual pedagogical approaches in order to foster multilingualism. A holistic approach is needed to deal with the ongoing tensions between complexity, dynamics, adaptation and stability. Although it becomes clear that the nature of multilingualism can only be understood in relation to its context, it is nevertheless possible to isolate and define constant factors in an efficient multilingual awareness training as provided by the Five Building Blocks of Holistic Multilingual Education.
Laughing at English
Authors: Piccoli Vanessa , Pugliese Rosa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis contribution explores the stances of speakers of Romance languages towards the use of English as a lingua franca in a business context. Grounding on an audio-visual corpus collected in a wine fair in France, the analysis focuses on three extracts where participants comment in a playful way (i.e. through laughing, joking and humorous enactments) upon the fact that they arenotspeaking English. Through a sequential and multimodal analysis, the study will highlight the participants’ ambivalent stance: on the one hand, through these playful practices they display a local resistance towards the mainstream language choice; on the other hand, these same practices reveal their vulnerability to the social pressure concerning the speaking of English.
A class of identities associated with Dirichlet series satisfying Hecke’s functional equation
Authors: Berndt Bruce , Dixit Atul , Gupta Rajat , Zaharescu Alexandru 
Published: September 2022

We consider two sequences

a
(
n
)

a(n)

and

b
(
n
)

b(n)

,

1
≤
n
>
∞

1\leq n>\infty

, generated by Dirichlet series of the forms

∑

n
=
1

∞

a
(
n
)

λ
n

s

and

∑

n
=
1

∞

b
(
n
)

μ
n

s

,

\begin{equation*} \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\dfrac {a(n)}{\lambda _n^{s}}\qquad \text {and}\qquad \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\dfrac {b(n)}{\mu _n^{s}}, \end{equation*}

satisfying a familiar functional equation involving the gamma function

Γ
(
s
)

\Gamma (s)

. A general identity is established. Appearing on one side is an infinite series involving

a
(
n
)

a(n)

and modified Bessel functions

K

ν

K_{\nu }

, wherein on the other side is an infinite series involving

b
(
n
)

b(n)

that is an analogue of the Hurwitz zeta function. Six special cases, including

a
(
n
)
=
τ
(
n
)

a(n)=\tau (n)

and

a
(
n
)
=

r
k

(
n
)

a(n)=r_k(n)

, are examined, where

τ
(
n
)

\tau (n)

is Ramanujan’s arithmetical function and

r
k

(
n
)

r_k(n)

denotes the number of representations of

n
n

as a sum of

k
k

squares. All but one of the examples appear to be new.
Early Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Non-Dipping: When Ejection Fraction is Not Enough. A Meta-Analysis of Speckle tracking Echocardiography Studies
Authors: Cuspidi Cesare , Gherbesi Elisa , Faggiano Andrea , Sala Carla , Carugo Stefano , Tadic Marijana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that a reduced nocturnal fall in blood pressure (BP) entails an increased risk of hypertensive-mediated organ damage (HMOD) and cardiovascular events. Most studies focusing on left ventricular (LV) systolic function, assessed by conventional LV ejection fraction (LVEF) in non-dippers compared to dippers failed to detect significant differences. To provide a new piece of information on LV systolic dysfunction in the non-dipping setting, we performed a meta-analysis of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) studies investigating LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), a more sensitive index of LV systolic function.

Methods
A computerized search was performed using PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases from inception until 31 July, 2022. Full articles reporting data on LV GLS and LVEF in non-dippers and dippers were considered suitable.

Results
A total of 648 non-dipper and 530 dipper individuals were included in 9 studies. LV GLS was worse in non-dipper than in their dipper counterparts (−18.4 ± 0.30 vs. −20.1 ± 0.23%, standard means difference [SMD]: 0.73 ± 0.14, confidence interval [CI]: 0.46/1.00, P &lt; 0.0001) whereas this was not the case for LVEF (61.4 ± 0.8 and 62.0 ± 0.8%, respectively), SMD: −−0.15 ± 0.09, CI: −0.32/0.03, P = 1.01). A meta-regression analysis between nighttime systolic BP and myocardial GLS showed a significant, relationship between these variables (coefficient 0.085, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that early changes in LV systolic function not detectable by conventional echocardiography in the non-dipping setting can be unmasked by STE; implementation of STE in current practice may improve the detection of HMOD of adverse prognostic significance in individuals with altered circadian BP rhythm.
The Tragic Pragmatism of the Wagner Act
Authors: Judt Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Wagner Act established a right to collective action as the keystone of industrial democracy. In doing so, it also articulated a radical conception of the self: that individuals form genuine desires and attain full self-actualization through collective action. This conception ran counter to the traditional liberal idea of selfhood, which took possessive individualism as the fundament of democratic governance. This paper places the Wagner Act and its reception in the context of changing conceptions of the self in American political thought from 1920 to 1950. The Wagner Act derived its conception of democratic activity from a pragmatist and progressivist theory of the “social self.” But its reception took place amidst a very different intellectual context. By midcentury, a liberal hostility to “mass society” and its deleterious effects on individual choice had repudiated the older pragmatist collectivism. In other words, the Act’s core provision—the notion of collective action as central to the formation of workers’ individual desires—was born of a dying moment in American thought. The immediate hostility that the new labor law regime faced in Congress and the courts was a consequence, in part, of that disjuncture.
The impact of coffee subtypes on incident cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and mortality: long-term outcomes from the UK Biobank
Authors: Chieng David , Canovas Rodrigo , Segan Louise , Sugumar Hariharan , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Prabhu Sandeep , Ling Liang-Han , Lee Geoffrey , Morton Joseph B , Kaye David M , Kalman Jonathan M , Kistler Peter M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Epidemiological studies report the beneficial effects of habitual coffee consumption on incident arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. However, the impact of different coffee preparations on cardiovascular outcomes and survival is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between coffee subtypes on incident outcomes, utilizing the UK Biobank.

Methods and results
Coffee subtypes were defined as decaffeinated, ground, and instant, then divided into 0, &lt;1, 1, 2–3, 4–5, and &gt;5 cups/day, and compared with non-drinkers. Cardiovascular disease included coronary heart disease, cardiac failure, and ischaemic stroke. Cox regression modelling with hazard ratios (HRs) assessed associations with incident arrhythmia, CVD, and mortality. Outcomes were determined through ICD codes and death records. A total of 449 563 participants (median 58 years, 55.3% females) were followed over 12.5 ± 0.7 years. Ground and instant coffee consumption was associated with a significant reduction in arrhythmia at 1–5 cups/day but not for decaffeinated coffee. The lowest risk was 4–5 cups/day for ground coffee [HR 0.83, confidence interval (CI) 0.76–0.91, P &lt; 0.0001] and 2–3 cups/day for instant coffee (HR 0.88, CI 0.85–0.92, P &lt; 0.0001). All coffee subtypes were associated with a reduction in incident CVD (the lowest risk was 2–3 cups/day for decaffeinated, P = 0.0093; ground, P &lt; 0.0001; and instant coffee, P &lt; 0.0001) vs. non-drinkers. All-cause mortality was significantly reduced for all coffee subtypes, with the greatest risk reduction seen with 2–3 cups/day for decaffeinated (HR 0.86, CI 0.81–0.91, P &lt; 0.0001); ground (HR 0.73, CI 0.69–0.78, P &lt; 0.0001); and instant coffee (HR 0.89, CI 0.86–0.93, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
Decaffeinated, ground, and instant coffee, particularly at 2–3 cups/day, were associated with significant reductions in incident CVD and mortality. Ground and instant but not decaffeinated coffee was associated with reduced arrhythmia.
Albanian Customary Law, Religion, and the Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust
Authors: Malaj Visar 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Albania was the only German-occupied country in which the number of Jews increased after World War II. Almost all native Jews of Albania survived the Holocaust, and thousands of Jewish refugees from other European countries were assisted and protected during the years 1933–1945. The rescue was facilitated by a unique mixture of factors, but the main common motivation of Muslim, Catholic, and Orthodox rescuers was Besa, the crucial element of Kanun, the Albanian customary law.
Portraits from a Conjoined War: The German 100th Light Infantry Division and First Contact with the Jews of Zinkiv, Ukraine—July 1941
Authors: Bernheim Robert 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
On July 10, 1941, the German 100th Light Infantry Division rolled into the Ukrainian Jewish shtetl of Zinkiv. Over a three-day period, this division committed gratuitous acts of violence and abject terror. While the total number of murdered Jews was relatively small, the author uses the corpus of pre-invasion orders and daily military objectives and reports in official war diaries, as well as eyewitness accounts to examine how and why these frontline soldiers perpetrated the “Holocaust by Bullets”1 during the initial phase of the Operation Barbarossa campaign in “the murky world where combat and ideology meet.”2
Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Split Thickness Skin Graft Donor Site: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: McCormick Melanie , Miotke Sam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or keratoacanthoma (KA) development at split thickness skin graft donor sites is a documented but very rare entity. We describe a case in which a patient develops a lesion at his graft site seven weeks postoperatively. Upon pathological review, it was found to be SCC and was excised expediently thereafter. Notably, in reviewing the literature, these lesions tend to develop soon after the trauma of skin graft harvest with over half diagnosed within 3 months and a vast majority within 1 year of the operation. This is in contrast to Marjolin ulcers which take years to develop after the initial burn insult. Given the diversity of autograft indications in the reviewed literature, it seems unlikely that the burns themselves contribute to the development of SCC at the donor site. Our case highlights the need for routine surveillance of graft donor sites postoperatively with an emphasis on catching malignant sequelae.
Vulnerability to tax enforcement and spillovers of corruption: cross-industry evidence from China
Authors: Chen Shawn Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article investigates the cross-industry spillover effect of tax enforcement and corruption. I propose a two-sector optimal tax administration model by incorporating vulnerability to tax enforcement (VTE) and corruption into the Allingham–Sandmo framework. Based on two large surveys of Chinese firms, I test the model by using industrial capital-intensity as a proxy for firms’ VTE and exploiting turnover of prefectural secretaries of the Communist Party of China between 2000 and 2007 as a driving force of corruption. The findings suggest capital-intensive industries, which are vulnerable to tougher enforcement, pay higher effective tax rates, and, therefore, have stronger incentives to bribe in order to reduce their tax burden. The bribery produces negative spillovers that raise the effective tax rates of their labor-intensive counterparts. Further evidence confirms that older prefectural secretaries are prone to be corrupt and exhibit stronger tenure effects both on the effective tax rates and on firms’ corruption expenditure (JEL H21, H26, H32, D22, D73).
Appraising the compliance to Joint National Committee-8 Guidelines for antihypertensives in a teaching hospital by drug utilization evaluation method and impact of patient counselling
Authors: Linu Mohan Panakkal , Khadeejathul Nadishaa Thazhathethil , Dilip Chandrasekhar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs and its compliance to the recommendations of Joint National Committee 8 (JNC 8) guidelines and assess the impact of pharmacist led patient counselling on hypertension management.

Methods
A prospective study was carried out for a period of one year (September 2020–October 2021) among 150 hypertensive patients of various departments in a tertiary care hospital, Kerala, India. All the cases were prospectively analysed to study the pattern of antihypertensive use and patients were counselled with a patient information leaflet.

Key findings
Out of 150 patients, 53% were women and 47% were men. Majority of patients were aged 60 years and above (66.0%). Diabetes mellitus (26%) was the most common co-morbidity associated with hypertension. About half of the patients had received dual therapy (49%) followed by monotherapy (31.3%), triple therapy (18%) and quadruple therapy (2%). Calcium channel blockers (59.8%) were the most frequently prescribed drug class followed by angiotensin II receptor blockers (30.5%) either alone or in combination for effective control of blood pressure. Cilnidipine (8.7%) was the most commonly used antihypertensive drug followed by telmisartan (8%). It was observed that 80% of prescriptions were adherent to JNC 8 hypertension treatment recommendations. There was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) in the knowledge-awareness scores before (18%) and after (52%) patient counselling.

Conclusion
The study represents the utilisation pattern of antihypertensive drugs. The adherence of antihypertensive medication use to JNC 8 guidelines was high level at the study site but needs to improve further. The study concludes that pharmacist-led counselling plays a vital role in improving patients’ knowledge and awareness towards hypertension management.
mRNA Vaccination Decreases COVID-19-Associated Morbidity and Mortality Among Organ Transplant Recipients: A Contemporary Cohort Study
Authors: Lerner Alexis Hope , Arvanitis Panos , Vieira Kendra , Klein Elizabeth Jessica , Farmakiotis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are less protected from vaccination than immunocompetent hosts. Additional vaccine doses have shown increased immunogenicity. Few studies have assessed their clinical efficacy, particularly against Omicron variants, as most included patients from earlier phases of the pandemic, with higher base mortality rates.

Methods
We studied adult OTRs who had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between 12/15/21 and 5/25/22. We compared clinical outcomes between those who had received 2 or ≥3 doses of an mRNA vaccine and concurrent unvaccinated controls.

Results
Among 103 OTRs, vaccination was associated with lower 90-day mortality (unvaccinated vs 2 vs ≥3 doses: 25% vs 7% vs 3%; P = .003), hospital (unvaccinated vs 2 vs ≥3 doses: 56% vs 37% vs 27%; P = .018) and intensive care unit (ICU; unvaccinated vs 2 vs ≥3 doses: 25% vs 15% vs 3%; P = .001) admission rates, and peak O2 requirements (ordinal scale Kendall’s tau b = –0.309 [lower scores, ie, O2 requirements with more vaccine doses]; P = .003). Age (age &gt;60 years: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 7.73; P = .016; administration of antispike monoclonal antibody: aHR, 0.17; P = .042) and vaccination, especially with ≥3 doses (aHR, 0.105; P = .01), were independently associated with 90-day mortality. Black (P = .021) and Hispanic (P = .016) OTRs were underrepresented among the vaccinated, especially in the ≥3-dose group.

Conclusions
Despite lower mRNA vaccine efficacy in OTRs and against Omicron variants, vaccination protects this vulnerable patient population from severe COVID-19 and death. Ethnic and racial disparities in health care have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and warrant better community outreach efforts.
NEURIM PHARMACEUTICALS (1991) LTD v GENERICS UK LTD (T/A MYLAN)
Authors:   Patents Court
Published: September 2022

Abstract
H1 Patents—European patents—Pharmaceuticals—Insomnia treatments—Melatonin—Swiss form claims—EPC 2000 form claims—Novelty—Obviousness—Insufficiency—Plausibility—Exclusive licences—Contractual construction—Exclusivity in relation to part of a claim—Effect of restrictions on entitlement to sue
Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Carter [2022] HCA 10- A Game Changer for Taxation of Trust Distributions in Australia?
Authors: Mak Charles Ho Wang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Carter, the High Court of Australia asked to clarify the meaning of ‘is presently entitled’ under section 97(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act. This case is a significant example of the High Court dealing in recent years with the issue of whether the present entitlement of a beneficiary under section 97(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act must be determined immediately prior to the end of the income year. The article attempts to provide a high-level overview of this case and how this case can impact taxation of trust distributions.
A Transformative Vision for an Omics-Based Regulatory Chemical Testing Paradigm
Authors: Johnson Kamin J , Auerbach Scott S , Stevens Tina , Barton-Maclaren Tara S , Costa Eduardo , Currie Richard A , Dalmas Wilk Deidre , Haq Saddef , Rager Julia E , Reardon Anthony J F , Wehmas Leah , Williams Andrew , O’Brien Jason , Yauk Carole , LaRocca Jessica L , Pettit Syril 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Use of molecular data in human and ecological health risk assessments of industrial chemicals and agrochemicals has been anticipated by the scientific community for many years; however, these data are rarely used for risk assessment. Here, a logic framework is proposed to explore the feasibility and future development of transcriptomic methods to refine and replace the current apical endpoint-based regulatory toxicity testing paradigm. Four foundational principles are outlined and discussed that would need to be accepted by stakeholders prior to this transformative vision being realized. Well-supported by current knowledge, the first principle is that transcriptomics is a reliable tool for detecting alterations in gene expression that result from endogenous or exogenous influences on the test organism. The second principle states that alterations in gene expression are indicators of adverse or adaptive biological responses to stressors in an organism. Principle 3 is that transcriptomics can be employed to establish a benchmark dose-based point of departure (POD) from short-term, in vivo studies at a dose level below which a concerted molecular change (CMC) is not expected. Finally, Principle 4 states that the use of a transcriptomic POD (set at the CMC dose level) will support a human health-protective risk assessment. If all four principles are substantiated, this vision is expected to transform aspects of the industrial chemical and agrochemical risk assessment process that are focused on establishing safe exposure levels for mammals across numerous toxicological contexts resulting in a significant reduction in animal use while providing equal or greater protection of human health. Importantly, these principles and approaches are also generally applicable for ecological safety assessment.
HIV T-cell immunogen design and delivery
Authors: Brander Christian , Hartigan-O’Connor Dennis 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of the review
Not all T-cell responses against HIV are created equally and responses of certain epitope specificities have been associated with superior control of infection. These insights have spurred the development of a wide range of immunogen sequences, each with particular advantages and limitations.

Recent findings
We review some of the most advanced designs that have reached or are close to reaching human clinical trials, with a special focus on T-cell immunogen developed for therapeutic use. We also touch upon the importance of how immunogens are delivered and point out the lamentable fact that there is essentially no alignment between different designs and vaccine regimens, which is a major hindrance to accelerated advances in the field.

Summary
The design of an immunogen able to induce T-cell responses of adequate specificity and functionality is subject of a wide range of preclinical and clinical studies. Few designs have shown promise to date, but emerging data highlight the critical contribution of specificity to effective antiviral activity in vivo.