bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validated establishment of anthropometric measurements of mid-face zone in Egyptian healthy preschool-age children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: El Ella Soheir S. Abou , Tawfik Maha A. , El Shaheed Mona Yakout Abd , Barseem Naglaa Fathy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To provide normal reference data and identify growth patterns for craniofacial dimensions of a mid-face zone in healthy preschool Egyptian children.

Background
Anthropometry is the biological science that provides objective data to the craniofacial morphology evaluation, through a series of head and face measurements by using simple, noninvasive, low-risk, and inexpensive techniques.

Methods
The study was conducted on 3080 randomly selected healthy preschool boys and girls enrolled with criteria favoring good general health state and absence of any systemic disorders or long-term therapies. All children were subjected to detailed medical history, anthropometric measurements, head measurement (head circumference, head length, and width), and midface zone including eye measurements (inner canthal, outer canthal, inter-pupillary distance, and palpebral fissure length), nasal measurements (length, width, protrusion, columella length, and width), and ear measurements (length, width, projection, ear position, and rotation), with emphasis on the head should be erect (in the resting position) and both eyes facing forward.

Results
Upon plotting general measurements, head measurements, and specific measures of eye, nose, and ear on Z-score charts, it was shown that no significant difference was detected for the studied mid-face dimensions in both sexes with 0.6–1% low set ear setting which may be of a familial pattern. Egyptian facial morphology shows no similarities to Afro-Americans, but resembles those of Iranians with observed disagreeable ear features in comparison to Turkish children.

Conclusion
This study presents first referenced national Z-score curves that were accomplished to describe the growth pattern of mid-face proportions for Egyptian preschool healthy children.
Effect of pressures and type of ventilation on aerosol delivery to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Boules Marina E. , Laz Nabila Ibrahim , Elberry Ahmed A. , Hussein Raghda R. S. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), BiPhasic Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP), and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) show some evidence to have efficacy in COVID-19 patients. Delivery during noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) or HFNC gives faster and more enhanced clinical effects than when aerosols are given without assisted breath. The present work aimed to compare the effect of BiPhasic Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) mode at two different pressures; low BiPAP (Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP)/Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) of 10/5 cm water) and high BiPAP (IPAP/EPAP of 20/5 cm water), with HFNC system on pulmonary and systemic drug delivery of salbutamol. On the first day of the experiment, all patients received 2500 μg salbutamol using Aerogen Solo vibrating mesh nebulizer. Urine samples 30 min post-dose and cumulative urinary salbutamol during the next 24 h were collected on the next day. On the third day, the ex-vivo filter was inserted before the patient to collect the delivered dose to the patient of the 2500 μg salbutamol. Salbutamol was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results
Low-pressure BiPAP showed the highest amount delivered to the lung after 30 min followed by HFNC then high-pressure BiPAP. But the significant difference was only observed between low and high-pressure BiPAP modes (p = 0.012). Low-pressure BiPAP showed the highest delivered systemic delivery amount followed by HFNC then high-pressure BiPAP. Low-pressure BiPAP was significantly higher than HFNC (p = 0.017) and high-pressure BiPAP (p = 0.008). No significant difference was reported between HFNC and high-pressure BiPAP. The ex-vivo filter was the greatest in the case of low-pressure BiPAP followed by HFNC then high-pressure BiPAP. Low-pressure BiPAP was significantly higher than HFNC (p = 0.033) and high-pressure BiPAP (p = 0.008). Also, no significant difference was found between HFNC and high-pressure BiPAP.

Conclusions
Our results of pulmonary, systemic, and ex-vivo drug delivery were found to be consistent. The low BiPAP delivered the highest amount followed by the HFNC then the high BiPAP with the least amount. However, no significant difference was found between HFNC and high BiPAP.
Cytotoxic effects of chitosan nanoparticles containing Zataria multiflora essential oil against human breast and melanoma cells
Authors: Alipanah Hiva , Yarian Fatemeh , Rasti Fatemeh , Safari Mojdeh , Hatami Shekoufeh , Osanloo Mahmoud 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and melanoma incidence increases worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance and side effects of chemotherapy drugs has led to a great deal of attention being paid to the development of natural medicines, especially using essential oil. The preparation of essential oil-based nanoformulation has thus recently received more attention.

Results
In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) containing Zataria multiflora essential oil with a particle size of 177 ± 10 nm, a narrow particle size distribution (SPAN 0.96), and a cubic-like shape were first prepared. IC50 values of the prepared nanoformulation against human melanoma (A-375) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) were obtained as 32 (12–84), 46 (32–67), and 105 (85–131) µg/mL. Besides, an electrospun polycaprolactone–polyethylene oxide scaffold was prepared as a dressing after treatment with the nanoformulation. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the scaffold's preparation as well as successful loading of the essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles. Furthermore, the scaffold did not show a cytotoxic effect on A-375, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-468, and its surface was hydrophobic as the water contact angle with the surface was 136.5°.

Conclusions
The prepared prototype with natural ingredients and high efficacy could be considered for further consideration in vivo study or complementary medicine.

Graphical abstract
Epidemiological, clinical and aetiological aspects of otalgia at the Renaissance University Hospital
Authors: Taoussi Aboubakar Assidick , Houzibé Thierry , Assi Constant 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Otalgia is a frequent reason for medical consultation. In Africa, few studies have been devoted to the epidemiology and aetiology of otalgia. To our knowledge, no study has been carried out in Chad.

Aims
The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and aetiological aspects of otalgia in Chadian hospitals.

Methods
This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted at the Renaissance University Hospital from January to August 2020. All the patients that were consulting in the ENT department for otalgia were included. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26. The chi-square test was used to compare the results.

Results
88 (22.3%) of the 395 patients suffered from otalgia. Their sex ratio was 1:1 (M:F). Their average age was 30.4 ± 19.5 years. The median age was 31.5 years with extremes from 1 to 70 years. Children (1–18 years) represented 30.7% of the cases. The average time of consultation was 27.8 ± 35.0 days. Otalgia was associated with deafness in 33% of the cases and 29.5% of the patients have used cotton swabs. Otogenic otalgia in 73.9% of the cases was significantly more frequent in children (92.6% versus 65.6%, P =0.008). Otogenic otalgia was related to otitis externa, chronic otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction in 44.6%, 21.5%, and 13.9% of cases respectively. The aetiologies of the referred otalgias were angina and rhinopharyngitis (30.4%), trigeminal neuralgia (21.7%) and oral cavity, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer (21.7%).

Conclusion
Otalgia is a frequent reason for medical consultation at any age regardless of sex. However, ear infections are more frequent in children. Referred otalgias predominate in adults, dominated by pharyngeal infections, trigeminal neuralgia and oral cavity, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.
Exploration of cooperative management system of transregional cultural landscape heritage: a case study of Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes
Authors: Peng Liang , Marinos Alain 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere seems to be a general consensus that management and policy play a very significant role in landscape evolution, and the protection and development of cultural landscapes are considered important components of sustainable development. This study introduces an overall landscape protection framework and explores the cooperative management system of the Loire Valley cultural landscapes as a World Heritage Site. By analysing the transregional management system and the relevant policies for protecting the Loire Valley cultural landscapes, this article tries to determine how this coordinating mechanism is constituted and operated and how local authorities and stakeholders can be coordinated to implement protection and development projects that visibly influence the evolution of cultural landscapes in the area. This transregional cooperative management system actively promotes the rehabilitation and revitalisation of the cities and territories of the Loire Valley. Thus, the article summarises key actors and ways to establish an effective cooperation management system that can provide a reference for other transregional heritage sites.
Feasibility and Prediction of Adverse Events in a Postoperative Monitoring Program of Patient-Reported Outcomes and a Wearable Device Among Gynecologic Oncology Patients
Authors: Barber Emma L. , Garg Ravi , Strohl Anna , Roque Dario , Tanner Edward 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of implementing a postoperative monitoring program for women with gynecologic cancers composed of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and a wearable activity monitor. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing gynecologic cancer surgery to this single-arm study. Enrolled patients completed PROs (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function, sleep disturbance, anxiety, fatigue, and pain intensity) at baseline and one-week intervals for 4 weeks. They also wore a wearable accelerometer device that measured steps, heart rate, and intensity of physical activity. The primary outcome was feasibility. The secondary outcome was prediction of unscheduled contacts with the health care system on a given postoperative day. RESULTS We enrolled 34 women. Three patients were unevaluable. The mean age was 58 years. The mean body mass index was 31 kg/m2; 17 patients were White (54.8%), 12 patients were Black (38.7%), and two patients (6.5%) were Asian. The overall wear time was 83.8%, and patients responded to 80.4% of the PRO instruments. Twenty-two patients (71%) had an unscheduled contact with the health care system postoperatively (median 1.5, 0.0-8.0). The day of an unscheduled health care utilization event was predicted with acceptable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.81). PROs of fatigue and physical function were most predictive followed by wearable device outputs of lightly active minutes and average daily heart rate. CONCLUSION Implementation of a postoperative monitoring program of patient-reported outcomes and a wearable device was feasible. The specific day of an unscheduled contact with the health care system was predicted with acceptable discrimination.
Natural History of Obesity Due to POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR Deficiency and the Impact of Setmelanotide
Authors: Wabitsch Martin , Farooqi Sadaf , Flück Christa E , Bratina Natasa , Mallya Usha G , Stewart Murray , Garrison Jill , van den Akker Erica , Kühnen Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Rare homozygous or biallelic variants in POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR can disrupt signaling through the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway, resulting in hyperphagia and severe early-onset obesity. In pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials, treatment with the MC4R agonist setmelanotide reduced hunger and weight in patients with obesity due to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), or leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency.

Objective
To characterize the historical weight trajectory in these patients.

Methods
This analysis included data from 2 pivotal single-arm, open-label, Phase 3 trials (NCT02896192, NCT03287960). These were multicenter trials. Patients had obesity due to POMC/PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency. During the trial, patients were treated with setmelanotide. Historical data on measured weight and height were obtained during screening.

Results
A total of 17 patients (POMC, n = 8; PCSK1, n = 1; LEPR, n = 8) with historical weight and height data were included in this analysis. Before setmelanotide treatment, patients with obesity due to POMC/PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency were above the 95th percentile for weight throughout childhood, demonstrated continuous weight gain, and did not show long-term weight loss upon interventions (eg, diet, surgery, exercise). Setmelanotide treatment attenuated weight and body mass index trajectories over the observation period of 1 year.

Conclusion
In patients with POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency, traditional interventions for weight loss had limited impact on the trajectory of severe early-onset obesity. However, setmelanotide treatment attenuated weight and body mass index trajectories and led to weight loss associated with health benefits in most individuals.
Association Between Preoperative Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and All-Cause Mortality After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Park Seoyeong , Nam Karam , Kim Tae Kyong 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
The fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) is a recently introduced prognostic marker for patients with coronary artery disease. The present study investigated whether the FAR is associated with clinical outcome after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed 1759 patients who underwent OPCAB (median duration of follow-up, 46 months). To evaluate the association between FAR and mortality in OPCAB patients, time-dependent coefficient Cox regression analyses were used to assess the association between FAR and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS:
In multivariable time-dependent coefficient Cox regression analyses, preoperative FAR was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality after OPCAB (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.051; 95% confidence interval, 1.021–1.082). In the restricted cubic spline function curve of the multivariable-adjusted relationship between the preoperative FARs, a linear increase in the relative hazard for all-cause mortality was observed as the FAR increased (P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
A higher FAR is associated with increased all-cause mortality after OPCAB. The preoperative FAR could be a prognostic factor for predicting higher mortality after OPCAB.
Center Variation in Use of Preoperative Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Platelet Function Testing at the Time of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Maryland
Authors: Hensley Nadia B. , Ariyo Promise T. , Holmes Sari D. , Williams Marlene S. , Joseph Robert Whitman Glenn , Ad Niv , Metkus Thomas Stephen ,   on behalf of the Maryland Cardiac Surgical Quality Initiative
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome are administered a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin before coronary catheterization to prevent further myocardial injury from thrombosis. Guidelines recommend a standard waiting period between the time patients are administered dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and elective cardiac surgery. Since 25% to 30% of the population may be considered nonresponders to clopidogrel, platelet function testing can be utilized for timing of surgery and to assess bleeding risks. The extent to which a standard waiting period or platelet function testing is used across centers is not established, representing an important opportunity to standardize practice.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2020 using data from the Maryland Cardiac Surgical Quality Initiative, a consortium of all 10 hospitals in the state performing cardiac surgery. The proportion of patients administered DAPT within 5 days of surgery was examined by hospital over the time period. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association of preoperative DAPT with ischemic and bleeding outcomes. Centers were surveyed on use or nonuse of preoperative platelet function testing, and bleeding outcomes were compared.

RESULTS:
There was significant heterogeneity of preoperative DAPT usage across centers ranging from 2% to 54% (P < .001). DAPT within 5 days of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was associated with higher odds of reoperation for bleeding (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–2.01; P = .001), >2 units of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.44–1.81; P < .001), and >2 units of non-RBCs transfused (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.60–2.00; P < .001). In the 5 hospitals using preoperative platelet function testing to guide timing of surgery, there were greater odds for DAPT within 5 days (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.22–1.45; P < .001), fewer RBCs >2 units transfusions (22% vs 33%; P < .001), and non-RBCs >2 units (17% vs 28%; P < .001) transfusions within DAPT patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is significant variability in DAPT usage within 5 days of CABG between hospital centers. Preoperative platelet function testing may allow for earlier timing of surgery for those on DAPT without increased bleeding risks.
Deep learning ­– promises for 3D nuclear imaging: a guide for biologists
Authors: Mougeot Guillaume , Dubos Tristan , Chausse Frédéric , Péry Emilie , Graumann Katja , Tatout Christophe , Evans David E. , Desset Sophie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
For the past century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. However, many questions remain about how its shape and size are regulated during development, in different tissues, or during disease and aging. To track these changes, microscopy has long been the tool of choice. Image analysis has revolutionized this field of research by providing computational tools that can be used to translate qualitative images into quantitative parameters. Many tools have been designed to delimit objects in 2D and, eventually, in 3D in order to define their shapes, their number or their position in nuclear space. Today, the field is driven by deep-learning methods, most of which take advantage of convolutional neural networks. These techniques are remarkably adapted to biomedical images when trained using large datasets and powerful computer graphics cards. To promote these innovative and promising methods to cell biologists, this Review summarizes the main concepts and terminologies of deep learning. Special emphasis is placed on the availability of these methods. We highlight why the quality and characteristics of training image datasets are important and where to find them, as well as how to create, store and share image datasets. Finally, we describe deep-learning methods well-suited for 3D analysis of nuclei and classify them according to their level of usability for biologists. Out of more than 150 published methods, we identify fewer than 12 that biologists can use, and we explain why this is the case. Based on this experience, we propose best practices to share deep-learning methods with biologists.
Effects of Acyloxy Groups in Anthrabisthiadiazole-Based Semiconducting Polymers on Electronic Properties, Thin-Film Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Mori Hiroki , Yamada Yuki , Minagawa Yukiya , Hasegawa Natsuki , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers with the anthra[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (ATz)-based acceptor unit bearing acyloxy groups in the 6,12-positions were synthesized. By incorporating electron-withdrawing acyloxy groups, the synthesized monomers 5a and 5b showed a down-shifted HOMO while maintaining LUMO energy level compared to the alkoxy-substituted ATz monomer ATz2T-o6OD, which we have previously reported. The DFT calculations revealed that the LUMO of the ATz core at 6,12-positions is a nodal plane with negligible changes in LUMO energy levels. In contrast, despite the presence of the acyloxy groups, the polymer PATz4T-a12R (a12R = a12OD and a12DT) synthesized in this study was found to have higher HOMO energy levels than the previously reported alkoxy-substituted polymer PATz4T-o6OD. Such elevation of the HOMO energy levels may be attributed to the unique electronic effects of the acyloxy groups, where the electronic effects of the functional groups are weakened by the lengthening of the π-electron system in the polymer and the electron-donating mesomeric effects may be dominant. PATz4T-a12R formed unsuitable edge-on orientation and large phase separation in the blended films, resulting in solar cells using it exhibiting a lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.47% than that using PATz4T-o6OD.
Choosing Competition on Behalf of Someone Else
Authors: Fornwagner Helena , Pompeo Monika , Serdarevic Nina 
Published: April 2022

We extend the existing literature on gender differences in competitive behavior by investigating tournament entry choices when a principal decides for an agent. In a laboratory experiment, we randomly assign subjects the role of either principal or agent. The principal decides whether the agent performs a real-effort task under piece-rate or tournament incentives. When deciding, the principal is informed about the agent’s previous performance, age, and residency. Between treatments, we vary whether the principal knows the agent’s gender. In a baseline treatment, we replicate the standard setting in which subjects decide for themselves whether to compete. Our main findings are, first, that there is no gender gap in tournament entry when principals decide for agents as opposed to the baseline treatment. Second, the gender gap closes because more women are made to compete by principals. Third, whereas there is no gender gap in either of the principal treatments, revealing the agent’s gender is associated with higher overall tournament entry rates. Exploratory analyses of principals’ choice determinants reveal a positive effect of preferences to take risks, competitiveness, and confidence in agents’ performances on making agents compete. In addition, we find no difference in how principals evaluate male and female agents’ performances. Finally, we test the efficiency of principals’ competition choices and show that they lead to fewer payoff-maximizing outcomes than when subjects decide for themselves. Additionally, overall tournament performances and winners’ performances are lower when agents are made to compete, but this effect is not robust to controlling for agents’ previous performances. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by L. Meltzers Høyskolefond; Austrian Science Fund [Grant SFB F63 “Credence Goods, Incentives and Behavior”], and the Department of Economics at the University of Bergen. Also, we are grateful for funding from the Equal Opportunity Coordination Office of the University of Regensburg and its faculty of Business and Economics. Supplemental Material: The supplementary online material and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4413 .