bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical signatures of potassium metasomatism in anthracite from the Himalayan fold-thrust belts of Sikkim, India
Authors: Ghosh Santanu , Ojha Anwita , Varma Atul Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study focuses on the inorganic geochemical features of the bituminous coal samples from the Raniganj and the Jharia Basins, as well as the anthracite samples from the Himalayan fold-thrust belts of Sikkim, India. The SiO2 content (48.05 wt% to 65.09 wt% and 35.92 wt% to 50.11 wt% in the bituminous and anthracite samples, respectively) and the ratio of Al2O3/TiO2 (6.97 to 17.03 in the bituminous coal samples and 10.34 to 20.07 in the anthracite samples) reveal the intermediate igneous source rock composition of the minerals. The ratio of the K2O/Al2O3 in the ash yield of the bituminous coal samples (0.03 to 0.09) may suggest the presence of kaolinite mixed with montmorillonite, while its range in the ash yield of the anthracite samples (0.16 to 0.27) may imply the presence of illite mixed with kaolinite. The chemical index of alteration values may suggest the moderate to strong chemical weathering of the source rock under sub-humid to humid climatic conditions. The plot of the bituminous coal samples in the A–CN–K diagram depicts the traditional weathering trend of parent rocks, but the anthracite samples plot near the illite field and are a bit offset from the weathering trend. This may imply the plausible influences of the potassium-metasomatism at post coalification stages, which is further supported by high K2O/Na2O ratio (29.88–80.13). The Fourier transform infrared spectra further reveal the hydroxyl stretching intensity of illite in the anthracite samples substantiating the effect of the epigenetic potassium-metasomatism. The decrease in total kaolinite intensity/compound intensity of quartz and feldspar may provide additional evidence towards this epigenetic event.
Wettable TiB2 Cathode for Aluminum Electrolysis: A Review
Authors: Padamata Sai Krishna , Singh Kamaljeet , Haarberg Geir Martin , Saevarsdottir Gudrun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTitanium diboride (TiB2) is considered a promising material for wettable cathodes in aluminum electrolysis. The demand for wettable cathodes is associated with the development of inert anode technologies to eliminate CO2 emissions caused by the conventional aluminum reduction process. Titanium diboride has been given special attention due to its superior properties, such as high wettability, good electrical conductivity, wear resistance, and excellent chemical stability. In this paper, we discuss different synthesis techniques used for the preparation of TiB2 cathode material. The main methods are sintering, electrodeposition, and plasma spraying. Electrodeposition is considered to be the most reliable low-cost method for TiB2 preparation. The vertical anode–cathode distance can be reduced by introducing wetted TiB2 cathodes, through which specific energy consumption can be reduced significantly. For a longer lifetime, the TiB2 cathodes should be resistant to electrolyte penetration. Further research should be conducted to understand the electrochemical behavior of TiB2 in low-temperature electrolytes.
Graphical Abstract
Vertebrate ichnofauna from Sierra de las Cabras tracksite (Late Miocene, Jumilla, SE Spain). Mammalian ichnofauna
Authors: Herrero Cayetano , Herrero Emilio , Martín-Chivelet Javier , Pérez-Lorente Félix 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUpper Miocene sedimentary deposits of Sierra de las Cabras in the Prebetic Ranges (Jumilla, Región de Murcia, Spain) yield a exceptional fossil site of diverse vertebrate ichnofauna, including mammals and birds. This paper presents a detailed study of those ichnites of that site which correspond to mammals. The footprints are located in stratigraphic surfaces found in a thin marly limestone succession that can be assigned to the latest Tortonian to earliest Messinian. The mammalian record consists of 324 footprints (included in trackways, pairs, groups and isolated ichnites) of diverse vertebrates, including:Hippipeda, Rhynoceripeda,Canipeda,Felipeda, Ursipeda, Rodentipeda, as well possibleSuipeda. The ichnites were imprinted on wet and cohesive marly carbonate mud, deposited in a semi-arid wetland with relevant freshwater influx. The fossil site, cleaned and protected some years ago but herein studied by the first time, add together the nearby Hoya de la Sima site (Hippipeda,Pecoripeda, BestiopedaandParacamelichnium,and probably proboscidean ichnites) to conform an exceptional record of Late Miocene ichnofauna in southern Iberia.
Systematic literature review on smart contracts in the construction industry: Potentials, benefits, and challenges
Authors: Ye Xuling , Zeng Ningshuang , König Markus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of digital transformation in the construction industry has led to the increasing adoption of smart contracts. As programmable applications to automatically write, verify, and enforce transaction conditions, smart contracts can be used in different areas mainly to improve automation level, information security, and built digital environment enhancement. However, the smart contract is commonly mentioned as a blockchain appendage, while its unique connotation and value in the construction industry have not been recognized. Therefore, this study carries out a systematic review based on 81 research articles published from 2014 to 2021 on smart contract applications in construction to explore and highlight their potentials under domain-specific requirements. Results are analyzed according to research type categorization and domain codification. Eight research domains are identified, where the three most highly explored domains are contract and payment, supply chain and logistics, and information management. The integration of smart contracts with other innovative concepts and advanced technologies is analyzed. The applicability, benefits, and challenges of smart contract applications regarding different research domains are discussed.
Integrative Soil Application of Humic Acid and Foliar Plant Growth Stimulants Improves Soil Properties and Wheat Yield and Quality in Nutrient-Poor Sandy Soil of a Semiarid Region
Authors: Tahoun Ayman M. M. Abou , El-Enin Moamen M. Abou , Mancy Ahmed G. , Sheta Mohamed H. , Shaaban Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSandy soils (containing > 50% sand) are widely distributed worldwide and are characterized by their poor structure, low organic matter, weak hydraulic and nutritional properties, and low crop productivity. Using a 2-year pot experiment, in this study, we investigated the effects of humic acid (HA) as a soil amendment and study two plant growth stimulants (PGSs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and L-tryptophan (L-TRP), as a foliar application on wheat grown in nutrient-poor sandy soil. Three HA rates (0 (HA0), 0.2 (HA0.2), and 0.4 (HA0.4) g kg−1 soil) and five PGS levels [control, 50 mg l−1 (ZnONPs50), 100 mg l−1 (ZnONPs100), 0.25 mmol l−1 (L-TRP0.25), and 0.5 mmol l−1 (L-TRP0.5)] were used. The soil hydro-physico-chemical properties, morpho-physiological responses, yield, and quality were measured. HA addition amended the soil structure by allowing rapid macroaggregate formation, decreasing bulk density and pH, and increasing porosity and electrical conductivity, thereby improving soil hydraulic properties. HA0.2 and HA0.4 additions improved growth, yield components, and grain minerals, resulting in higher grain yield by 28.3–54.4%, grain protein by 10.2–13.4%, wet gluten by 18.2–23.3%, and dry gluten by 23.5–29.5%, respectively, than HA0. Foliar application of ZnONPs or L-TRP, especially at higher concentrations compared to the control, noticeably recorded the same positive results as HA treatments. The best results were achieved through the integration of HA0.4 + ZnONPs100 or L-TRP0.5 to the tested nutrient-poor sandy soil. The interactive application of HA0.4 + ZnONPs100 or L-TRP0.5 and the use of mineral fertilizer, which is considered a surplus point in permaculture, can be recommended for sustainable wheat production in nutrient-poor sandy soil.
Pathways of integrins in the endo-lysosomal system
Authors: Molnár Márton , Sőth Ármin , Simon-Vecsei Zsófia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this review, we present recent scientific advances about integrin trafficking in the endo-lysosomal system. In the last few years, plenty of new information has emerged about the endo-lysosomal system, integrins, and the mechanism, how exactly the intracellular trafficking of integrins is regulated. We review the internalization and recycling pathways of integrins, and we provide information about the possible ways of lysosomal degradation through the endosomal and autophagic system. The regulation of integrin internalization and recycling proved to be a complex process worth studying. Trafficking of integrins, together with the regulation of their gene expression, defines cellular adhesion and cellular migration through bidirectional signalization and ligand binding. Thus, any malfunction in this system can potentially (but not necessarily) lead to tumorigenesis or metastasis. Hence, extensive examinations of integrins in the endo-lysosomal system raise the possibility to identify potential new medical targets. Furthermore, this knowledge can also serve as a basis for further determination of integrin signaling- and adhesion-related processes.
How does the oxidation and reduction time affect the chemical looping epoxidation of ethylene?
Authors: Gebers Joseph C. , Harrison Alexander R. P. , Marek Ewa J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chemical looping epoxidation (CLE) of ethylene was performed over an Ag catalyst supported on strontium ferrite perovskite (SrFeO3-δ). CLE consists of a reduction step in ethylene where oxygen is transferred from the support to the Ag catalyst to form ethylene oxide (EO), and a separate regeneration step, in which the support is reoxidised in air. The effect of altering the reduction and oxidation times was investigated, analysing changes in the conversion of ethylene and selectivity to EO. Experiments were conducted at 270 °C in a packed bed of Ag(15 wt.%)/SrFeO3-δ with a gas hourly space velocity of 9600 h−1 and a total operation time > 40 h. When the time of the reduction step was increased from 1 to 3 min, selectivity to EO only decreased by 0.4%, demonstrating that CLE can run with prolonged reduction times while maintaining high selectivity. Increased duration of the reoxidation step resulted in both selectivity and conversion increasing, but when varying the oxidation time from 10 to 15 min, the overall improvement in the performance was minimal; thus, CLE can feasibly operate at shortened oxidation times. By increasing the pressure during the oxidation step to 2.5 bar, the duration of the reoxidation step was further shortened to 5 min without impacting the CLE performance. With 1.5 min reduction and 5 min reoxidation steps, a CLE installation producing EO in a pseudo-steady manner would require 4 packed bed reactors operating in parallel. The role of Ag2O in the CLE process was also investigated, demonstrating that the oxide was not selective towards EO.
High-PEEP Noninvasive Ventilation By Means of Mask as the Respiratory Support in COVID-19 ARDS Patients: Experience From General Hospital Slavonski Brod
Authors: Jurjević Matija , Mirković Ivan , Kopić Jasminka , Mrzljak Vučinić Natalija , Špehar Kokanović Marcela , Bujas Ćorluka Tonka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Despite widespread use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hypoxemic patients, its clinical application is still subject of debate.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, observational study with data collected from 91 consecutive patients treated in COVID intensive care unit (ICU) in our institution between October 2020 and February 2021. Outcomes were represented as ventilation hours, ICU and hospital length of stay, and ICU and hospital mortality.

Results:
Patients’ mean age was 66 ± 11 y and severe COVID-19 pneumonia with mean paO2/FiO2 137 ± 57 was observed in 90% of the patients. High positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) NIV by means of total face mask was initially applied in 58 (64%) patients, high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) in 25 (27%) patients, whilst invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) started at the moment of admission in 8 (9%) patients. NIV and high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) have been kept on throughout ICU stay in 50 (55%) patients, while 41 (45%) patients were put on IMV. Overall ICU mortality was 41%, while ICU mortality of patients on NIV was 14%.

Conclusions:
High PEEP NIV was convenient and safe as initial respiratory support and in some COVID-19 ARDS patients remained an optimal respiratory support throughout their disease.
Critical values for the -transformation with a hole at
Authors: ALLAART PIETER , KONG DERONG 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven
$\beta \in (1,2]$
, let
$T_{\beta }$
be the
$\beta $
-transformation on the unit circle
$[0,1)$
such that
$T_{\beta }(x)=\beta x\pmod 1$
. For each
$t\in [0,1)$
, let
$K_{\beta }(t)$
be the survivor set consisting of all
$x\in [0,1)$
whose orbit
$\{T^{n}_{\beta }(x): n\ge 0\}$
never hits the open interval
$(0,t)$
. Kalle et al [Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.40(9) (2020) 2482–2514] proved that the Hausdorff dimension function
$t\mapsto \dim _{H} K_{\beta }(t)$
is a non-increasing Devil’s staircase. So there exists a critical value
$\tau (\beta )$
such that
$\dim _{H} K_{\beta }(t)>0$
if and only if
$t<\tau (\beta )$
. In this paper, we determine the critical value
$\tau (\beta )$
for all
$\beta \in (1,2]$
, answering a question of Kalle et al (2020). For example, we find that for the Komornik–Loreti constant
$\beta \approx 1.78723$
, we have
$\tau (\beta )=(2-\beta )/(\beta -1)$
. Furthermore, we show that (i) the function
$\tau : \beta \mapsto \tau (\beta )$
is left continuous on
$(1,2]$
with right-hand limits everywhere, but has countably infinitely many discontinuities; (ii)
$\tau $
has no downward jumps, with
$\tau (1+)=0$
and
$\tau (2)=1/2$
; and (iii) there exists an open set
$O\subset (1,2]$
, whose complement
$(1,2]\setminus O$
has zero Hausdorff dimension, such that
$\tau $
is real-analytic, convex, and strictly decreasing on each connected component of O. Consequently, the dimension
$\dim _{H} K_{\beta }(t)$
is not jointly continuous in
$\beta $
and t. Our strategy to find the critical value
$\tau (\beta )$
depends on certain substitutions of Farey words and a renormalization scheme from dynamical systems.
A counterexample to the HK-conjecture that is principal
Authors: DEELEY ROBIN J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScarparo has constructed counterexamples to Matui’s HK-conjecture. These counterexamples and other known counterexamples are essentially principal but not principal. In the present paper, a counterexample to the HK-conjecture that is principal is given. Like Scarparo’s original counterexample, our counterexample is the transformation groupoid associated to a particular odometer. However, the relevant group is the fundamental group of a flat manifold (and hence is torsion-free) and the associated odometer action is free. The examples discussed here do satisfy the rational version of the HK-conjecture.
Simplicity of the Lyapunov spectrum for classes of Anosov flows
Authors: MITSUTANI DANIEL 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor
$k \geq 2$
, we prove that in a
$C^{1}$
-open and
$C^{k}$
-dense set of some classes of
$C^{k}$
-Anosov flows, all Lyapunov exponents have multiplicity one with respect to appropriate measures. The classes are geodesic flows with equilibrium states of Holder-continuous potentials, volume-preserving flows, and all fiber-bunched Anosov flows with equilibrium states of Holder-continuous potentials.
Amenability, proximality and higher-order syndeticity
Authors: Kennedy Matthew , Raum Sven , Salomon Guy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show that the universal minimal proximal flow and the universal minimal strongly proximal flow of a discrete group can be realized as the Stone spaces of translation-invariant Boolean algebras of subsets of the group satisfying a higher-order notion of syndeticity. We establish algebraic, combinatorial and topological dynamical characterizations of these subsets that we use to obtain new necessary and sufficient conditions for strong amenability and amenability. We also characterize dense orbit sets, answering a question of Glasner, Tsankov, Weiss and Zucker.
Realness as Resistance: Queer Feminism, Neoliberalism, and Early Trans Critiques of Butler
Authors: Draz Marie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, I argue that scholarship on the cultural impact of neoliberalism provides a vital framework with which to revisit early trans critiques of Butlerian queer feminism. Drawing on this scholarship, I reread the appeals to the real and realness in these critiques through the neoliberal transformation of social difference. I link the early argument that some trans figures were problematically used in queer feminism to represent the fluidity of identity with the more recent argument that the flexibility of identity has become a core part of neoliberal cultures. This context challenges the current dominant view of early trans critiques of Butler as misreadings and instead casts them as resistant to a superficial encouragement of individual flexibility. As a result, revisiting this debate demonstrates the need to rework theoretical frameworks that may continue to inadvertently lead to selective trans inclusion in queer feminism and points the way to trans-queer-feminist theory that is more attuned to shifting models of power.
Linguistic traits as heritable units? Spatial Bayesian clustering reveals Swiss German dialect regions
Authors: Romano Noemi , Ranacher Peter , Bachmann Sandro , Joost Stéphane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the early 2000s, the SADS, an extensive linguistic atlas project, surveyed more than three thousand individuals across German-speaking Switzerland on over two hundred linguistic variants, capturing the morphosyntactic variation in Swiss German. In this paper, we applied TESS, a Bayesian clustering method from evolutionary biology to the SADS to infer population structure, building on parallels between biology and linguistics that have recently been illustrated theoretically and explored experimentally. We tested three clustering models with different spatial assumptions: a nonspatial model, a spatial trend model with a spatial gradient, and a spatial full-trend model with both a spatial gradient and spatial-autocorrelation. Results reveal five distinct morphosyntactic populations, four of which correspond to traditional Swiss German dialect regions and one of which corresponds to a base population. Moreover, the spatial trend model outperforms the nonspatial model, suggesting a gradual transition of morphosyntax and supporting the idea of a Swiss Germandialect continuum.
Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystems: a comparison of Mapuche entrepreneurship in Chile and Māori entrepreneurship in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Mika Jason Paul , Felzensztein Christian , Tretiakov Alexei , Macpherson Wayne Gordon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndigenous entrepreneurial ecosystem development is not addressed in research. We define and characterise Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystems and their evolution based on a qualitative study comparing Indigenous entrepreneurship in Chile and in Aotearoa New Zealand. We draw on interviews with 10 Mapuche entrepreneurs in Araucanía and 10 Māori entrepreneurs in the Bay of Plenty, observation, and a literature review to address the question – how does an Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystem develop along with the social, economic, and political development of mainstream society? We find that Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystems evolve with the economic and social environments of their countries because of an internal imperative towards cultural continuity and the resilience of culture to change. We find that mature Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystems are associated with higher states of development and support a broader range of business models. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed.
Direct measurement of optical properties of glacier ice using a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR
Authors: Allgaier Markus , Cooper Matthew G. , Carlson Anders E. , Cooley Sarah W. , Ryan Jonathan C. , Smith Brian J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe production of meltwater from glacier ice, which is exposed at the margins of land ice during the summer, is responsible for a large proportion of glacier mass loss. The rate of meltwater production from glacier ice is especially sensitive to its physical structure and chemical composition which combine to determine the albedo of glacier ice. However, the optical properties of near-surface glacier ice are not well known since most prior work has focused on laboratory-grown ice or deep cores. Here, we demonstrate a measurement technique based on diffuse propagation of nanosecond-duration laser pulses in near-surface glacier ice that enables the independent measurement of the scattering and absorption coefficients, allowing for a complete description of the processes governing radiative transfer. We employ a photon-counting detector to overcome the high losses associated with diffuse optics. The instrument is highly portable and rugged, making it optimally suited for deployment in remote regions. A set of measurements taken on Crook and Collier Glaciers, Oregon, serves as a demonstration of the technique. These measurements provide insight into both physical structure and composition of near-surface glacier ice and open new avenues for the analysis of light-absorbing impurities and remote sensing of the cryosphere.
Turkish press climate crisis coverage (2018–2019): elements of disconnect in discourses and the representation of solutions
Authors: Baykal Fide Ece 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the media in developing countries recognizes the anthropogenic impact on climate change, while ignoring the mitigation and adaptation responsibilities of national political actors. This article addresses the discursive motives underlying the disconnect between the impact of climate change and the responsibility of those in positions of political power. This study analyzes Turkish news articles and columns on climate change published in three newspapers with different political orientations between June 2018 and January 2020, a period during which the school strike movement and other local uprisings and debates began. It claims that news related to national climate policy largely omits or obscures references to the anthropogenic causes of climate change, to the degree that the political responsibility of tackling it remains unaddressed and absolves readers and politicians from taking action. The article also aims to underline the impact of political parallelism in terms of the print media’s approach to the government’s neoliberal economic policy and its duty to tackle climate change. Finally, it argues that these approaches generate specific types of environmental discourses which are embodied in newspapers’ conceptions of nature, their solutions to climate change, and the actors of those solutions proposed by newspapers.