bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combination of polyglycolic acid fabric and fibrin glue prevents air leakage from a lung defect
Authors: Suzuki Akiyo , Konishi Hayato , Suzuki Tatsuya , Katsumata Takahiro , Hanaoka Nobuharu , Nakamura Koichiro , Matsubara Chisa , Fujii Shota , Nemoto Shintaro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Air leakage after lung resection is a common morbidity that may lengthen hospital stay. Applying sealant to a lesion is an effective prophylaxis in clinical practice. This study aimed to examine the effect of a combination of a bioabsorbable polyglycolic acid (PGA) fabric and fibrin glue (FG) on air sealing by measuring the in vitro mechanical strength and degradation of the fabric, and in vivo histological changes after implantation.

METHODS
A defect was created in the canine left upper lung lobe, and then filled with a fibrinogen solution and covered with a PGA sheet spray-coated with fibrinogen and thrombin. After 1 and 4 weeks, air leakage from the lesion was examined in vivo under airway pressure. Tissue samples were harvested for histological assessment.

RESULTS
The mechanical strength of the PGA fabric remained at 80–90% of the baseline level for 1 week in phosphate-buffered saline, and then rapidly decreased to zero thereafter. Air leakage from the lung defect was prevented by the combination of PGA fabric and FG at 1 and 4 weeks. Histological examinations showed that PGA bundles persisted with a non-specific inflammatory response for 2 weeks and then gradually broke into sparse yarns surrounded by collagen fibres and capillaries by 8 weeks. The lung defect was filled with FG at 1 week and by granulation tissue thereafter.

CONCLUSIONS
These results provide evidence for the efficacy of a combination of PGA fabric and FG for the prevention of air leakage in the critical period after lung surgery.
The Amazonian Tropical Bites Research Initiative, a hope for resolving zoonotic neglected tropical diseases in the One Health era
Authors: Taylor Emma , Aguilar-Ancori Elsa Gladys , Banyard Ashley C , Abel Isis , Mantini-Briggs Clara , Briggs Charles L , Carrillo Carolina , Gavidia Cesar M , Castillo-Neyra Ricardo , Parola Alejandro D , Villena Fredy E , Prada Joaquin M , Petersen Brett W , Falcon Perez Nestor , Cabezas Sanchez Cesar , Sihuincha Moises , Streicker Daniel G , Maguina Vargas Ciro , Navarro Vela Ana Maria , Vigilato Marco A N , Wen Fan Hui , Willoughby Rodney , Horton Daniel L , Recuenco Sergio E 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) disproportionately affect populations living in resource-limited settings. In the Amazon basin, substantial numbers of NTDs are zoonotic, transmitted by vertebrate (dogs, bats, snakes) and invertebrate species (sand flies and triatomine insects). However, no dedicated consortia exist to find commonalities in the risk factors for or mitigations against bite-associated NTDs such as rabies, snake envenoming, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis in the region. The rapid expansion of COVID-19 has further reduced resources for NTDs, exacerbated health inequality and reiterated the need to raise awareness of NTDs related to bites.MethodsThe nine countries that make up the Amazon basin have been considered (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam and Venezuela) in the formation of a new network.ResultsThe Amazonian Tropical Bites Research Initiative (ATBRI) has been created, with the aim of creating transdisciplinary solutions to the problem of animal bites leading to disease in Amazonian communities. The ATBRI seeks to unify the currently disjointed approach to the control of bite-related neglected zoonoses across Latin America.ConclusionsThe coordination of different sectors and inclusion of all stakeholders will advance this field and generate evidence for policy-making, promoting governance and linkage across a One Health arena.
Patterns of Democracy over Space and Time
Authors: Boese Vanessa Alexandra , Gates Scott , Knutsen Carl Henrik , Nygård Håvard Mokleiv , Strand Håvard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unidimensional measures of democracy fail to account for the complex and varied nature of political systems. This article disaggregates the concept of democracy and proposes a multidimensional conceptualization to account for this variation in institutional configurations. Three theoretically informed dimensions are featured: participation, electoral contestation, and constraints on the executive. The three dimensions constitute a cube covering all regime types, in which we place countries using V-Dem data from 1789 to 2019. This cube of democracy patterns reveals several interesting observations. We trace historical patterns of democratization and discuss how countries across the world have taken different paths at different times. Our conceptualization shows that political systems with a similar score along a unidimensional scale are often quite distinct. In addition, across the globe for 200 years, certain configurations of political institutions rarely occur. Furthermore, our approach reveals interesting patterns of regime convergence and divergence over time. Finally, we show that the typical pathways to democracy have changed since 1789. This multidimensional conceptualization ultimately opens up new avenues for research in which institutional variation and change can be studied in greater detail.
Forum: New Perspectives on Transnational Non-State Actors—A Forum Honoring the Work of Thomas Risse
Authors: Berger Tobias , Holzscheiter Anna , Jetschke Anja , Schmitz Hans Peter , Esguerra Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis forum seeks to honor the contributions of a scholar who has greatly influenced international relations (IR) scholarship on transnational relations and constructivist research: Thomas Risse. Best known for his pathbreaking studies on the importance of transnational actors, the power of international norms and ideas in international relations, and the influence of domestic structures on international interactions, his work has significantly contributed to several interrelated research agendas within IR. The forum takes a fresh look at some of his contributions, focusing on assumptions about the nature of non-state actors, the content of human rights, and the evolution of knowledge that underpin his work. Interrogating especially some of the liberal assumptions that have informed these lines of research, we ask: are we still dealing with the same kinds of non-state actors that Thomas Risse and early constructivist research have analyzed? How has the nature of these actors changed, and how has this affected the processes and mechanisms by which they shape transnational politics? To what extent do these changes require different research methodologies? And, finally, which directions for future research on non-state actors, human rights, and constructivism emerge from these discussions?
Lunapark ubiquitinates atlastin-2 for the tubular network formation of the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Anggrandariyanny Putri Chynthia , Kajiho Hiroaki , Yamamoto Yasunori , Sakisaka Toshiaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules are interconnected by three-way junctions, resulting in the formation of a tubular ER network. Lunapark (Lnp) localizes to and stabilizes the three-way junctions. The N-terminal cytoplasmic domain in Lnp has a ubiquitin ligase activity. However, the molecular mechanism of how the ubiquitin ligase activity of Lnp is involved in the formation of the tubular ER network remains unknown. In this study, we examined whether the ER membrane proteins responsible for the formation of the tubular ER network are ubiquitinated by Lnp. We found that atlastin-2 (ATL2), an isoform of the ATL family mediating the generation of the three-way junctions by connecting the ER tubules, is a novel substrate for ubiquitination by Lnp. The localization of Lnp at the three-way junctions is important for ubiquitination of ATL2. Lysine 56, 57, 282 and 302 are the potential ubiquitination sites by Lnp. Silencing ATL2 decreased the number of the three-way junctions, and the expression of the ATL2 mutant in which the lysine residues are substituted with arginine failed to rescue the decrease of the three-way junctions in the ATL2 knocked-down cells. These results suggest that Lnp ubiquitinates ATL2 at the three-way junctions for the proper tubular ER network formation.
Endogenous Lemon Markets: Risky Choices and Adverse Selection
Authors: Lichtig Avi , Weksler Ran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe severity of adverse selection depends, to a great extent, on the underlying distribution of the asset. This distribution is commonly modeled as exogenous; however, in many real-world applications, it is determined endogenously. A natural question in this context is whether one can predict the severity of the adverse selection problem in such environments. In this paper, we study a bilateral trade model in which the distribution of the asset is affected by pre-trade unobservable actions of the seller. Analyzing general trade mechanisms, we show that the seller’s actions are characterized by a risk-seeking disposition. In addition, we show that (location-independent) riskier underlying distributions of the asset induce lower social welfare. That is, “lemon markets” arise endogenously in these environments.
Delayed Post-Traumatic Hemobilia in a Patient With Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Schütz Štěpán-Ota , Rousek Michael , Pudil Jiří , Záruba Pavel , Malík Jozef , Pohnán Radek 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Hemobilia is a rare condition defined as bleeding in the biliary tract. The clinical presentation is variable. The typical manifestation consists of jaundice, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. This set of symptoms is known as “Quincke’s triad.” It is present in only 22%-35% of cases. Post-traumatic hemobilia is an extraordinarily rare condition occurring in only 6% of the patients with hemobilia. In general, it occurs in less than 0.2% of patients with liver trauma. A delay in the development of bleeding after liver trauma is frequent. Early diagnosis is essential because massive bleeding into the biliary tract is a potentially life-threatening condition. We present a case of a patient with massive hemobilia developed 12 days after blunt abdominal trauma. Computed tomography angiography showed two pseudoaneurysms in hepatic segments V and VIII with contrast medium extravasation. We successfully performed digital subtraction angiography with selective transcatheter arterial embolization of the leaking segment VIII pseudoaneurysm. Embolization of the pseudoaneurysm in segment V was technically impracticable. Our article provides a review of the published literature focussing on the prevalence, diagnostics, and treatment of post-traumatic hemobilia.
Can superbubbles accelerate ultrahigh energy protons?
Authors: Vieu T , Reville B , Aharonian F 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We critically assess limits on the maximum energy of protons accelerated within superbubbles around massive stellar clusters, considering a number of different scenarios. In particular, we derive under which circumstances acceleration of protons above peta-electronvolt (PeV) energies can be expected. While the external forward shock of the superbubble may account for acceleration of particles up to 100 TeV, internal primary shocks such as supernova remnants expanding in the low density medium or the collective wind termination shock which forms around a young compact cluster provide more favourable channels to accelerate protons up to 1 PeV, and possibly beyond. Under reasonable conditions, clustered supernovae launching powerful shocks into the magnetized wind of a young and compact massive star cluster are found to be the most promising systems to accelerate protons above 10 PeV. On the other hand, stochastic re-acceleration in the strongly turbulent plasma is found to be much less effective than claimed in previous works, with a maximum proton energy of at most a few hundred TeV.
Intensity mapping from the sky: synergizing the joint potential of [O iii] and [C ii] surveys at reionization
Authors: Padmanabhan Hamsa , Breysse Patrick , Lidz Adam , Switzer Eric R 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We forecast the ability of future-generation experiments to detect the fine-structure lines of the carbon and oxygen ions, [C ii] and [O iii] in intensity mapping (IM) from the Epoch of Reionization (z ∼ 6–8). Combining the latest empirically derived constraints relating the luminosity of the [O iii] line to the ambient star formation rate, and using them in conjunction with previously derived estimates for the abundance of [C ii] in haloes, we predict the expected autocorrelation IM signal to be observed using new experiments based on the Fred Young Submillimetre Telescope (FYST) and the balloon-borne facility, Experiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) over z ∼ 5.3–7. We describe how improvements to both the ground-based and balloon-based surveys in the future will enable a cross-correlation signal to be detected at ∼10–30σ over z ∼ 5.3–7. Finally, we propose a space-based mission targeting the [O iii] 88 and 52 $\mu$m lines along with the [C ii] 158 $\mu$m line, configured to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of cross-correlation measurements. We find that such a configuration can achieve a high-significance detection (hundreds of σ) in both auto and cross-correlation modes.
Effects of the environment and feedback physics on the initial mass function of stars in the STARFORGE simulations
Authors: Guszejnov Dávid , Grudić Michael Y , Offner Stella S R , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hopkins Philip F , Rosen Anna L 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
One of the key mysteries of star formation is the origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF). The IMF is observed to be nearly universal in the Milky Way and its satellites, and significant variations are only inferred in extreme environments, such as the cores of massive elliptical galaxies and the Central Molecular Zone. In this work, we present simulations from the STARFORGE project that are the first cloud-scale radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations that follow individual stars and include all relevant physical processes. The simulations include detailed gas thermodynamics, as well as stellar feedback in the form of protostellar jets, stellar radiation, winds, and supernovae. In this work, we focus on how stellar radiation, winds, and supernovae impact star-forming clouds. Radiative feedback plays a major role in quenching star formation and disrupting the cloud; however, the IMF peak is predominantly set by protostellar jet physics. We find that the effect of stellar winds is minor, and supernovae ‘occur too late’ to affect the IMF or quench star formation. We also investigate the effects of initial conditions on the IMF. We find that the IMF is insensitive to the initial turbulence, cloud mass, and cloud surface density, even though these parameters significantly shape the star formation history of the cloud, including the final star formation efficiency. Meanwhile, the characteristic stellar mass depends weakly on metallicity and the interstellar radiation field, which essentially set the average gas temperature. Finally, while turbulent driving and the level of magnetization strongly influence the star formation history, they only influence the high-mass slope of the IMF.
Precise tuning of bacterial translation initiation by non-equilibrium 5′-UTR unfolding observed in single mRNAs
Authors: Ray Sujay , Dandpat Shiba S , Chatterjee Surajit , Walter Nils G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Noncoding, structured 5′-untranslated regions (5′-UTRs) of bacterial messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can control translation efficiency by forming structures that either recruit or repel the ribosome. Here we exploit a 5′-UTR embedded preQ1-sensing, pseudoknotted translational riboswitch to probe how binding of a small ligand controls recruitment of the bacterial ribosome to the partially overlapping Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence. Combining single-molecule fluorescence microscopy with mutational analyses, we find that the stability of 30S ribosomal subunit binding is inversely correlated with the free energy needed to unfold the 5′-UTR during mRNA accommodation into the mRNA binding cleft. Ligand binding to the riboswitch stabilizes the structure to both antagonize 30S recruitment and accelerate 30S dissociation. Proximity of the 5′-UTR and stability of the SD:anti-SD interaction both play important roles in modulating the initial 30S-mRNA interaction. Finally, depletion of small ribosomal subunit protein S1, known to help resolve structured 5′-UTRs, further increases the energetic penalty for mRNA accommodation. The resulting model of rapid standby site exploration followed by gated non-equilibrium unfolding of the 5′-UTR during accommodation provides a mechanistic understanding of how translation efficiency is governed by riboswitches and other dynamic structure motifs embedded upstream of the translation initiation site of bacterial mRNAs.
The first-in-class ERK inhibitor ulixertinib shows promising activity in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-driven pediatric low-grade glioma models
Authors: Sigaud Romain , Rösch Lisa , Gatzweiler Charlotte , Benzel Julia , von Soosten Laura , Peterziel Heike , Selt Florian , Najafi Sara , Ayhan Simay , Gerloff Xenia F , Hofmann Nina , Büdenbender Isabel , Schmitt Lukas , Foerster Kathrin I , Burhenne Jürgen , Haefeli Walter E , Korshunov Andrey , Sahm Felix , van Tilburg Cornelis M , Jones David T W , Pfister Stefan M , Knoerzer Deborah , Kreider Brent L , Sauter Max , Pajtler Kristian W , Zuckermann Marc , Oehme Ina , Witt Olaf , Milde Till 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are the most common pediatric central nervous system tumors, with driving alterations typically occurring in the MAPK pathway. The ERK1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib (BVD-523) has shown promising responses in adult patients with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-driven solid tumors.MethodsWe investigated the antitumoral activity of ulixertinib monotherapy as well as in combination with MEK inhibitors (MEKi), BH3-mimetics, or chemotherapy in pLGG. Patient-derived pLGG models reflecting the two most common alterations in the disease, KIAA1549:BRAF-fusion and BRAFV600E mutation (DKFZ-BT66 and BT40, respectively) were used for in vitro and in vivo (zebrafish embryos and mice) efficacy testing.ResultsUlixertinib inhibited MAPK pathway activity in both models, and reduced cell viability in BT40 with clinically achievable concentrations in the low nanomolar range. Combination treatment of ulixertinib with MEKi or BH3-mimetics showed strong evidence of antiproliferative synergy in vitro. Ulixertinib showed on-target activity in all tested combinations. In vivo, sufficient penetrance of the drug into brain tumor tissue in concentrations above the in vitro IC50 and reduction of MAPK pathway activity was achieved. In a preclinical mouse trial, ulixertinib mono- and combined therapies slowed tumor growth and increased survival.ConclusionsThese data indicate a high clinical potential of ulixertinib for the treatment of pLGG and strongly support its first clinical evaluation in pLGG as single agent and in combination therapy in a currently planned international phase I/II umbrella trial.
Postponing development: dormancy in the earliest developmental stages of a high-latitude calanoid copepod
Authors: Roncalli Vittoria , Cieslak Matthew C , Castelfranco Ann M , Hartline Daniel K , Lenz Petra H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Large lipid-rich copepods inhabiting high-latitude environments synchronize growth with the annual spring phytoplankton bloom. However, reproduction often precedes the bloom, raising the question of how the nauplii survive long enough to encounter the bloom. Are their energy stores sufficient to maintain an active life until then, or do they occupy a state of inactivity or dormancy, postponing development until food appears? These alternative hypotheses were tested in nauplii of Neocalanus flemingeri using gene-expression profiling. Stage NII and NIII nauplii were incubated for three days in either the presence or absence of food. Gene-expression differences between developmental stages and between food/no food treatments in individual nauplii were assessed using RNASeq. In the absence of food, nauplii exhibited transcriptional profiles typical of a dormant state. Similar to diapausing N. flemingeri females, genes involved in anaerobic metabolism, chromatin silencing and longevity were highly expressed. Nauplii of both stages responded to the food with the up-regulation of genes associated with diapause termination in copepods and insects, as well as genes involved in transcription and energy metabolism. The ability of nauplii to remain dormant could be a key adaptation that allows them to delay development and conserve energy, while they await the phytoplankton bloom.
U-shaped association between dietary thiamine intake and new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Liu C , Meng Q , Zu C , Li R , Yang S , He P , Li H , Zhang Y Y , Zhou C , Liu M , Ye Z , Wu Q , Zhang Y J , Gan X , Qin X 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Background
The association between dietary thiamine intake and the risk of diabetes remains unknown.

Aim
We aimed to evaluate the relation of dietary thiamine intake with new-onset diabetes and examine possible effect modifiers.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Methods
A total of 16 272 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline were enrolled from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Dietary nutrients intake information was collected by 3-day dietary recalls in addition to using a 3-day food-weighed method to assess cooking oil and condiment consumption. New-onset diabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or diagnosed by a physician during the follow-up.

Results
During a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years, new-onset diabetes occurred in 1101 participants. Overall, the association between dietary thiamine intake and new-onset diabetes followed a U-shape (P for non-linearity &lt;0.001). Consistently, when thiamine intake was assessed as quartiles, compared with those in the 2–3 quartiles (0.75 to 1.10 mg/day), the significantly higher risks of new-onset diabetes were found in participants in the first quartile [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.61] and the fourth quartile (adjusted HR, 1.39; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.67). Similar results were found when further adjusting for the intake of other major nutrients or food groups; or using the propensity score weighting to control the imbalance of covariates.

Conclusion
Our results suggested that there was a U-shape association between dietary thiamine intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults, with a minimal risk at 0.75–1.10 mg/day.