bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of the F129L mutation conferring resistance to strobilurins in Alternaria solani populations in Serbia
Authors: Ivanović Žarko , Blagojević Jovana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlternaria solani is a fungal pathogen that causes early blight, an economically important disease of potatoes worldwide. The application of fungicides differing in mode of action are the most important control measure for early blight management. However, frequent use of fungicides may cause fungal pathogen populations to be selected for mutations conferring fungicide resistance, resulting in significant losses of fungicide efficacy. Repeated use of QoI fungicides may generate a selection pressure on A. solani populations that promotes resistant genotypes, this quality in question being because of amino acid substitutions in the cytochrome b gene. During a four‐year survey, isolates of A. solani were collected from the primary potato production regions in Serbia. The cytochrome b gene region of each isolate was evaluated for the presence of the F129L substitution known to historically confer QoI resistance. Sequence analysis revealed two genotypes similar to those reported elsewhere in the world with a diverse geographic distribution in Serbia. Genotype I was dominant in the south of Serbia, genotype II was prevalent in north Serbia, and in central Serbia both genotypes were represented equally. The F129L mutation was detected in both genotypes, with a progressive shift from the wild type to mutated A. solani across years. A. solani isolates containing the F129L mutation were collected from the northern and the central Serbia in 2016 without any mutated isolates in the southern Serbia. In 2019, in all surveyed regions, a predominance of isolates with the F129L mutation was observed. The presence of two cytochrome b genotypes among A. solani isolates and significant presence of F129L mutations indicates a change in the genetic structure of this pathogens populations in potato fields nationwide, which could have a significant impact on control of early blight disease.
eLearning significantly improves maternity professionals’ knowledge of the congenital cytomegalovirus prevention guidelines
Authors: Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Swinburn Katherine , Waight Emma , King Ruth , Hui Lisa , Jones Cheryl A. , Daly Kate , Rawlinson William , Mcintyre Sarah , Webb Annabel , Badawi Nadia , Bowen Asha , Britton Philip N. , Palasanthiran Pamela , Lainchbury Anne , Shand Antonia 
Published: March 2022

AimsCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a preventable cause of neurodevelopmental disability. Australian guidelines recommend that pregnant women are informed about CMV to reduce their risk of infection; however, less than 10% of maternity health professionals routinely provide prevention advice. The aim was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an eLearning course for midwives to improve knowledge and confidence about CMV.Materials and MethodsParticipants undertaking the course between March and November 2020 were invited to complete an evaluation questionnaire: before the course (T1), immediately after (T2) and three months post completion (T3). A linear mixed model was used to evaluate change in participant scores; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMidwives (316/363, 87%), midwifery students (29/363, 8%) and nurses (18/363, 5%) participated. At T1 80% indicated they had not received education about CMV. Total adjusted mean scores for questionnaires completed between T1 (n = 363) and T2 (n = 238) increased significantly (from 17.2 to 22.8, P < 0.001). Limited available T3 scores (n = 27) (−1.7, P < 0.001), while lower than T2, remained higher than at T1 (+3.6, P < 0.001). Participants’ awareness of CMV information resources improved from 10 to 97% from T1 to T2. Confidence in providing CMV advice increased from 6 to 95% between T1 and T2 (P < 0.001) and was maintained at T3. Almost all (99%) participants indicated they would recommend the course to colleagues.ConclusionParticipants who completed the eLearning course had significantly improved knowledge and confidence in providing advice about CMV. Programs targeting other maternity health professionals should be considered, to further support the implementation of the congenital CMV prevention guidelines.
Increasing Efficiency and Reducing Bias When Assessing HPV Vaccination Efficacy by Using Nontargeted HPV Strains
Authors: Etievant Lola , Sampson Joshua N. , Gail Mitchell H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Studies of vaccine efficacy often record both the incidence of vaccine-targeted virus strains (primary outcome) and the incidence of nontargeted strains (secondary outcome). However, standard estimates of vaccine efficacy on targeted strains ignore the data on nontargeted strains. Assuming nontargeted strains are unaffected by vaccination, we regard the secondary outcome as a negative control outcome and show how using such data can (i) increase the precision of the estimated vaccine efficacy against targeted strains in randomized trials and (ii) reduce confounding bias of that same estimate in observational studies. For objective (i), we augment the primary outcome estimating equation with a function of the secondary outcome that is unbiased for zero. For objective (ii), we jointly estimate the treatment effects on the primary and secondary outcomes. If the bias induced by the unmeasured confounders is similar for both types of outcomes, as is plausible for factors that influence the general risk of infection, then we can use the estimated efficacy against the secondary outcomes to remove the bias from estimated efficacy against the primary outcome. We demonstrate the utility of these approaches in studies of HPV vaccines that only target a few highly carcinogenic strains. In this example, using nontargeted strains increased precision in randomized trials modestly but reduced bias in observational studies substantially.
Score Test for Missing at Random or Not under Logistic Missingness Models
Authors: Wang Hairu , Lu Zhiping , Liu Yukun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Missing data are frequently encountered in various disciplines and can be divided into three categories: missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR). Valid statistical approaches to missing data depend crucially on correct identification of the underlying missingness mechanism. Although the problem of testing whether this mechanism is MCAR or MAR has been extensively studied, there has been very little research on testing MAR versus MNAR. A critical challenge that is faced when dealing with this problem is the issue of model identification under MNAR. In this paper, under a logistic model for the missing probability, we develop two score tests for the problem of whether the missingness mechanism is MAR or MNAR under a parametric model and a semiparametric location model on the regression function. The implementation of the score tests circumvents the identification issue as it requires only parameter estimation under the null MAR assumption. Our simulations and analysis of human immunodeficiency virus data show that the score tests have well-controlled type I errors and desirable powers.
circ_0006089 promotes gastric cancer growth, metastasis, glycolysis, and angiogenesis by regulating miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhang Qilin , Liao Bingling , Qiu Xiaofeng , Hu Sheng , Xu Qihua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNA) participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of circ_0006089 in GC progression and its underlying molecular mechanism need to be further revealed. Quantitative real‐time PCR was utilized for detecting circ_0006089, microRNA (miR)‐361‐3p and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFB1) expression. The interaction between miR‐361‐3p and circ_0006089 or TGFB1 was confirmed using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were determined using colony formation assay, EdU assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and tube formation assay. Cell glycolysis was evaluated by detecting glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels. In addition, western blot (WB) analysis was used to measure protein expression. Xenograft tumor models were used to assess the effect of circ_0006089 knockdown on GC tumorigenesis. circ_0006089 had been found to be upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and it could act as an miR‐361‐3p sponge. circ_0006089 knockdown suppressed GC proliferation, metastasis, glycolysis, angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis, while this effect could be revoked by miR‐361‐3p inhibitor. TGFB1 was targeted by miR‐361‐3p, and its overexpression reversed the effects of miR‐361‐3p on GC cell function. Also, circ_0006089 promoted TGFB1 expression via sponging miR‐361‐3p. Animal experiments showed that silenced circ_0006089 inhibited GC tumorigenesis through the miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 pathway. Our results revealed that the circ_0006089/miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 axis contributed to GC progression, confirming that circ_0006089 might be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
The power of friendship: The developmental significance of friendships from a neuroscience perspective
Authors: Güroğlu Berna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForming and maintaining friendships is one of the most important developmental tasks in adolescence. Supportive and high‐quality friendships have been related to positive developmental outcomes and mental health, both concurrently and in the long term. Friendships also protect against negative effects of adverse experiences, such as peer victimization and internalizing behaviors. Despite this ample evidence relating friendships to well‐being, we know relatively little about the underlying mechanisms involved. In this article, I review brain imaging research on friendships and highlight its contribution to our understanding of how interactions with friends relate to well‐being. Studies suggest that friendships involve reward and motivational processes (involving the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex), and self‐ and other‐related mentalizing processes (involving the medial prefrontal cortex and the temporoparietal regions). I conclude with suggestions for research on how neural patterns relate to individual differences in psychosocial outcomes and mental health.
Impaired steroid hormone feedback in polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence from preclinical models for abnormalities within central circuits controlling fertility
Authors: Moore Aleisha M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy and cause of infertility in women of reproductive age worldwide. Despite diagnostic features of anovulation, polycystic ovarian morphology, and high androgen secretion indicating the syndrome are the result of ovarian dysfunction, alterations to central neuroendocrine circuits that control reproductive capacity may drive PCOS symptoms. Resistance of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus to inhibition by sex steroid hormone‐negative feedback leads to a rapid frequency of pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion, which, in turn, drives the ovarian features of the disease. As GnRH neurons do not express steroid hormone receptors, impaired negative feedback is hypothesized to occur within an upstream network that controls GnRH pulse generation. This review will discuss the latest work from preclinical animal models of PCOS used to dissect the specific central mechanisms involved in impaired steroid hormone feedback. In particular, this review will focus on research that indicates neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that express Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B and Dynorphin (KNDy cells) or γ‐aminobutyric acid are targets of androgen‐mediated impairment of steroid hormone feedback. Finally, this review will explore the development of therapeutic agents targeting neurons that control LH pulse frequency to resolve PCOS symptoms in the clinic.
Towards inclusive urban environments for infants and toddlers: Assessing four urban neighbourhoods in Istanbul with mothers
Authors: Ataol Özlemnur , Krishnamurthy Sukanya , Druta Oana , van Wesemael Pieter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the under‐represented groups in participatory urban research is very young children (0–3 years old). Very young children from disadvantaged neighbourhoods, particularly in global cities, such as Istanbul, often have to negotiate unfriendly urban spaces in their daily routines. These routines consist of intertwined events of caregivers and children, as care duties of caregivers frame their joint daily lives. Based on questionnaires and participatory mapping with full‐time mothers from Istanbul, we argue that a compact design of neighbourhoods, which merges public spaces relevant to families with young children in combined destinations, is critical towards creating inclusive urban environments.
Diversification of the phytophagous lineages of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) shortly after that of the flowering plants
Authors: Ye Fei , Kment Petr , Rédei Dávid , Luo Jiu‐Yang , Wang Yan‐Hui , Kuechler Stefan M. , Zhang Wei‐Wei , Chen Ping‐Ping , Wu Hao‐Yang , Wu Yan‐Zhuo , Sun Xiao‐Ya , Ding Lu , Wang Yue‐Ran , Xie Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMore than 95% of phytophagous true bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) species belong to four superfamilies: Miroidea (Cimicomorpha), Pentatomoidea, Coreoidea, and Lygaeoidea (all Pentatomomorpha). These iconic groups of highly diverse, overwhelmingly phytophagous insects include several economically prominent agricultural and silvicultural pest species, though their evolutionary history has not yet been well resolved. In particular, superfamily‐ and family‐level phylogenetic relationships of these four lineages have remained controversial, and the divergence times of some crucial nodes for phytophagous true bugs have hitherto been little known, which hampers a better understanding of the evolutionary processes and patterns of phytophagous insects. In the present study, we used 150 species and concatenated nuclear and mitochondrial protein‐coding genes and rRNA genes to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the Terheteroptera (Cimicomorpha + Pentatomomorpha) and estimated their divergence times. Our results support the monophyly of Cimicomorpha, Pentatomomorpha, Miroidea, Pentatomoidea, Pyrrhocoroidea, Coreoidea, and Lygaeoidea. The phylogenetic relationships across phytophagous lineages are largely congruent at deep nodes across the analyses based on different datasets and tree‐reconstructing methods with just a few exceptions. Estimated divergence times and ancestral state reconstructions for feeding habit indicate that phytophagous true bugs explosively radiated in the Early Cretaceous—shortly after the angiosperm radiation—with the subsequent diversification of the most speciose clades (Mirinae, Pentatomidae, Coreinae, and Rhyparochromidae) in the Late Cretaceous.
Metastatic germ cell tumour in effusion cytology
Authors: Saini Tarunpreet , Kundu Reetu , Rastogi Pulkit , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Dey Pranab 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGerm cell tumours infrequently metastasise to body cavities, where early detection on fluid samples is possible and can spearhead early treatment and survival.Materials and methodsA total of seven cases of metastatic germ cell tumours were retrieved out of 7500 effusion samples received for cytopathological examination from 2015 to 2021. Detailed cytological features of metastatic germ cell tumours in effusion samples were studied, along with a correlation between clinical, radiological, and histopathological features.ResultsA total of seven cases of metastatic germ cell tumours were analysed in effusion samples which included dysgerminoma (2), immature teratoma (2), yolk sac tumour (1), embryonal carcinoma (1), and mixed germ cell tumour (1). The smears showed predominantly discrete or loose clusters of cells. The cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli were helpful in detecting dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumours. Immature teratoma showed tiny groups of small cells and mature squamous cells. Serum tumour markers were raised in the majority of cases.ConclusionMetastatic germ cell tumours in effusion are uncommon, but detailed clinical history, including serum markers and characteristic cytological features, are helpful in their diagnosis.
Mental health nurses' experience of challenging workplace situations: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Cranage Kylie , Foster Kim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMental health nursing is acknowledged internationally as being a demanding profession; however, little is known about the range of experience and complexity of workplace challenges or their impacts on mental health nurses (MHN). This qualitative descriptive study aimed to examine and describe the range of challenging workplace situations experienced by MHN and is reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. An online cross‐sectional survey collected demographic data and open‐ended descriptions of workplace challenges experienced by n = 374 Australian MHN. Using a modified a priori framework, four categories of experience were derived through content analysis: consumer‐related, colleague‐related, nursing role‐related, and organizational service‐related challenges. Many accounts described a complex interplay of challenges. The findings extend prior knowledge on MHN experiences. Frequent workplace challenges included violence and aggression from consumers, bullying from colleagues, low staffing levels, and poor skill mix. Further extending the evidence, key challenges rarely described in prior literature were the psychological impacts of suicides and murder; the personal nature of threats from consumers; moral distress and concerns with colleagues' quality of practice; and exacerbation of practice‐related issues by lack of support from colleagues and/or the organization. These have important implications for the profession and can inform targeted strategies to reduce stressors where possible, build staff well‐being, support workforce retention, and improve the provision of quality care. The implementation of targeted policy and initiatives that focus on reducing key stressors and supporting practice are vital to staff retention and ensuring a high standard of practice in complex mental health workplaces.
Virtual reality enhances safety training in the maritime industry: An organizational training experiment with a non‐WEIRD sample
Authors: Makransky Guido , Klingenberg Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveMany industries struggle with training dynamic risk assessment, and how to bridge the gap between safety training and behavior in real life scenarios. In this article, we focus on dynamic risk assessment during a mooring operation and investigate the potential value of using immersive virtual reality (VR) simulations compared to standard training procedures in an international maritime training organization.MethodsIn a pilot study, we compared two ways of implementing a VR simulation (stand‐alone or with post‐simulation reflection) to a manual and a personal trainer condition in a between‐subjects design with 86 students in a maritime school. Based on the results we compared the stand‐alone VR simulation to the personal trainer condition in a between‐subjects design in a non‐Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) sample of 28 seafarers from the Kiribati Islands at an international maritime training organization.ResultsThe VR simulation group reported significantly higher perceived enjoyment (d = 1.28), intrinsic motivation (d = 0.96), perceived learning (d = 0.90), and behavioral change (d = 0.88), and significantly lower extraneous cognitive load (d = 0.82) compared to the personal trainer group, but the differences in self‐efficacy, and safety attitudes were not significant.DiscussionThe results support the value of using VR to train procedures that are difficult to train in the real world and suggest that VR technologies can be useful for providing just in time training anywhere, anytime, in a global market where employees are increasingly cross‐cultural and dislocated.
Strategy for repeat procedures in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: Systematic linear ablation with adjunctive ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall versus electrophysiology‐guided ablation
Authors: Nakashima Takashi , Pambrun Thomas , Vlachos Konstantinos , Goujeau Cyril , André Clémentine , Krisai Philipp , Ramirez F. Daniel , Pintican Gabriela , Kamakura Tsukasa , Takagi Takamitsu , Nakatani Yosuke , Surget Elodie , Cheniti Ghassen , Tixier Romain , Chauvel Remi , Duchateau Josselin , Sacher Frédéric , Cochet Hubert , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre , Derval Nicolas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe optimal strategy after a failed ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (perAF) is unknown. This study evaluated the value of an anatomically guided strategy using a systematic set of linear lesions with adjunctive ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall (Et‐VOM) in patients referred for second perAF ablation procedures.Methods and ResultsPatients with perAF who underwent a second procedure were grouped according to the two strategies. The first strategy was an anatomically guided approach using systematic linear ablation with adjunctive Et‐VOM, with bidirectional blocks at the posterior mitral isthmus (MI), roof, and cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) as the procedural endpoint (Group I). The second one was an electrophysiology‐guided strategy, with atrial tachyarrhythmia termination as the procedural endpoint (Group II). Arrhythmia behavior during the procedure guided the ablation strategy. Groups I and II consisted of 96 patients (65 ± 9 years; 71 men) and 102 patients (63 ± 10 years; 83 men), respectively. Baseline characteristics were comparable. In Group I, Et‐VOM was successfully performed in 91/96 (95%), and procedural endpoint (bidirectional block across all three anatomical lines) was achieved in 89/96 (93%). In Group II, procedural endpoint (atrial tachyarrhythmia termination) was achieved in 80/102 (78%). One‐year follow‐up demonstrated Group I (21/96 [22%]) experienced less recurrence compared to Group II (38/102 [37%], Log‐rank p = .01). This was driven by lower AT recurrence in Group I (Group I: 10/96 [10%] vs. Group II: 29/102 [28%]; p = .002).ConclusionAnatomically guided strategy with adjunctive Et‐VOM is superior to an electrophysiology‐guided strategy for second procedures in patients with perAF at 1‐year follow‐up.