bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
Authors: Murphy Siobhán , O'Reilly Dermot , Owen Rhiannon K. , Akbari Ashley , Lowthian Emily , Bedston Stuart , Torabi Fatemeh , Beggs Jillian , Chuter Antony , de Lusignan Simon , Hobbs Richard , Robertson Chris , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Sheikh Aziz , Bradley Declan T. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected people with mental health conditions.AimsWe investigated the association between receiving psychotropic drugs, as an indicator of mental health conditions, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of the Northern Ireland adult population using national linked primary care registration, vaccination, secondary care and pharmacy dispensing data. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses investigated the association between anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and hypnotic use and COVID-19 vaccination status, accounting for age, gender, deprivation and comorbidities. Receiving any COVID-19 vaccine was the primary outcome.ResultsThere were 1 433 814 individuals, of whom 1 166 917 received a COVID-19 vaccination. Psychotropic medications were dispensed to 267 049 people. In univariable analysis, people who received any psychotropic medication had greater odds of receiving COVID-19 vaccination: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 (95% CI 1.41–1.44). However, after adjustment, psychotropic medication use was associated with reduced odds of vaccination (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.89–0.91). People who received anxiolytics (ORadj = 0.63, 95% CI 0.61–0.65), antipsychotics (ORadj = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73–0.78) and hypnotics (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87–0.93) had reduced odds of being vaccinated. Antidepressant use was not associated with vaccination (ORadj = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03).ConclusionsWe found significantly lower odds of vaccination in people who were receiving treatment with anxiolytic and antipsychotic medications. There is an urgent need for evidence-based, tailored vaccine support for people with mental health conditions.
Administration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Near the End of Life
Authors: Bloom Matthew D. , Saker Haneen , Glisch Chad , Ramnaraign Brian , George Thomas J. , Markham Merry J. , Kelkar Amar H. 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: Recent literature suggests an increasing use of systemic treatment in patients with advanced cancer near the end of life (EOL), partially driven by the increasing adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While studies have identified this trend, additional variables associated with ICI use at EOL are limited. Our aim was to characterize a population of patients who received a dose of ICI in the last 30 days of life. METHODS: We performed a manual retrospective chart review of patients ≥ 18 years who died within 30 days of receiving a dose of ICI. Metrics such as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), number of ICI doses, need for hospitalization, and numerous other variables were evaluated. RESULTS: Over a 4-year time period, 97 patients received an ICI at EOL. For 40% of patients, the ICI given in the 30 days before death was their only dose. Over 50% of patients had an ECOG PS of ≥ 2, including 17% of patients with an ECOG PS of 3. Over 60% were hospitalized, 65% visited the emergency department, 20% required intensive care unit admission, and 25% died in the hospital. CONCLUSION: Our study contributes to the ongoing literature regarding the risks and benefits of ICI use in patients with advanced cancer near the EOL. While accurate predictions regarding the EOL are challenging, oncologists may routinely use clinical factors such as ECOG PS along with patient preferences to guide recommendations and shared decision making. Ultimately, further follow-up studies to better characterize and prognosticate this population of patients are needed.
Reports from China: Joan Robinson as Observer and Travel Writer, 1953–78
Authors: Boianovsky Mauro , Serra Gerardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Joan Robinson's infatuation with Mao's China remains the most controversial episode of the Cambridge economist's life. Drawing on the literatures on observation in science and economics, and economists' travels, we aim to overcome the dichotomy between Robinson as a political pilgrim and Robinson as a development economist. Instead, we take a closer look at her observation practices, her literary choices, and her position within different political and intellectual communities. The structure of the article is quasi chronological: each trip to China is both described in its own right and treated as an entry point to shed light on a particular aspect of Robinson's engagement with the country.
Anatomy in present times: A satire
Authors: Huma Zilli 
Published: March 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5799
How to cite this:Huma Z. Anatomy in present times: A satire. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5799
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
India’s Frantic Fight Against COVID-19: Rescuing a Broken Healthcare System by Adopting a “Doctor and Patient First” Approach
Authors: Baqal Omar J. , Farouk Amal 
Published: March 2022

India’s public healthcare system is reeling under the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the country reporting over 30 million cases and 481,000 deaths by the end of 2021. The rise of the omicron variant threatens to add further strain on a chronically underfunded public health system, which a considerable proportion of the population living in poverty depend on. The pandemic has aggravated the shortage of supplies and capacity, pushing the Indian healthcare system to its breaking point. This write up calls for a major and urgent reform of the doctor and patient experience, achievable through prioritized funding to strengthen healthcare infrastructure, improving job security and satisfaction for healthcare workers, and improving the quality and safety of care delivered to patients throughout the nation. India must build a healthcare system focused on ensuring patient satisfaction and a positive patient experience by offering convenient healthcare access and high standards of care and treatment delivery.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5970
How to cite this:Baqal OJ, Farouk AF. India’s Frantic Fight Against COVID-19: Rescuing a Broken Healthcare System by Adopting a “Doctor and Patient First” Approach. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5970
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Studies on the ethnopharmacology, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity of Catha edulis (Vahl.) Endl., in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Githua Kevin Kariuki , Maitho Timothy Elias , Nguta Joseph Mwanzia , Okumu Mitchel Otieno 
Published: March 2022

Background: The Mbeere South community of Embu County consume leaves of Catha edulis for its stimulant and euphoretic actions. Other indigenous uses of the plant are undocumented. Information on the pharmacology and safety of this plant is also scanty. This study aimed to document the ethnopharmacology, antimicrobial properties, and toxicity of C. edulis leaves collected from the Mbeere South community in Kenya. Methods: Ethnopharmacological data was collected from 35 informants using semi-structured questionnaires. Leaf extracts of C. edulis were prepared using acetone, water, and methanol. The antimicrobial properties of these extracts were evaluated against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The toxicity of the aqueous extract was determined using hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters in male and female Sprague Dawley rats at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses over 28 days. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: All informants were male, married, >50 years old, with >10 years of experience. The sources, local names, preparation, storage conditions, indications, frequency of use, dosage, and side effects of C. edulis were documented. All extracts were ineffective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. They had limited efficacy against B. cereus and S. aureus. Significant differences were observed in the hematological and biochemical parameters of rats at the tested doses. Low, intermediate, and high doses of the aqueous extract of C. edulis produced local congestion of the cardiac and hepatic vessels. Localized interstitial connective tissue proliferation, multifocal kidney interstitial hemorrhage, and localized tubular epithelium necrosis were also observed in female rats. Conclusions: The ethnobotanical uses of C. edulis among the Mbeere South community were documented for the first time. Limited antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity at high doses limit the use of leaves of C. edulis.
Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Hand Engagement in individuals with Spinal cord Injury (RICHES): protocol for a pilot crossover study
Authors: Wu Yu-Kuang , Harel Noam Y. , Wecht Jill M. , Bloom Ona E. 
Published: March 2022

​​​​​​Background: Most spinal cord injuries (SCI) are not full transections, indicating that residual nerve circuits are retained. Rehabilitation interventions have been shown to beneficially reorganize motor pathways in the brain, corticospinal tract, and at the spinal level. However, rehabilitation training require a large number of repetitions, and intervention effects may be absent or show transient retention. Therefore, the need remains for an effective approach to synergistically improve the amount and duration of neuroplasticity in combination with other interventions. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) demonstrates several potential advantages as a candidate for such an approach. Therefore, we propose a protocol to investigate RIC coupled with physical training to promote neuroplasticity in hand muscles. Methods: This will be a prospective randomized-order crossover trial to be performed in eight able-bodied participants and eight participants with chronic cervical SCI. Patients will participate in two experimental sessions consisting of either active or sham RIC preceding a bout of pinch movement exercise. Serial evaluations will be conducted at baseline, after RIC, immediately after pinch exercise, and follow up 15-minutes later. The primary outcome is the change in corticospinal excitability (primarily measured by the motor evoked potential of abductor pollicis brevis muscle). Secondary outcomes will include maximal volitional pinch force, and inflammatory biomarkers. To ensure safety, we will monitor tolerability and hemodynamic responses during RIC. Discussion: This protocol will be the first to test RIC in people with cervical SCI and to investigate whether RIC alters corticospinal excitability. By sharing the details of our protocol, we hope other interested researchers will seek to investigate similar approaches – depending on overlap with the current study and mutual sharing of participant-level data, this could increase the sample size, power, and generalizability of the analysis and results. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, ID: NCT03851302; Date of registration: February 22, 2019
Transparency and Control in Platforms for Networked Markets
Authors: Pang John , Lin Weixuan , Fu Hu , Kleeman Jack , Bitar Eilyan , Wierman Adam 
Published: March 2022

Platforms: How Much and What Should They Control? Platforms exert control in many ways: from determining which buyers are shown to which sellers to directly controlling allocation of aggregate supply across different consumer markets. How should platforms exercise control to increase social welfare? In “Transparency and Control in Platforms for Networked Markets,” authors J. Pang, W. Lin, H. Fu, J. Kleeman, E. Bitar, and A. Wierman examine the trade-offs that emerge between efficiency loss, transparency, and control across different platform designs. They show that open access platforms incentivize increased production toward perfectly competitive levels and limit efficiency loss, whereas controlled allocation designs can lead to supply-side withholding, resulting in unbounded efficiency loss. Balancing transparency and control, discriminatory access designs strictly improve upon the worst-case efficiency loss of both open access and controlled allocation platforms. Besides providing insights into the design and operation of two-sided platforms, this paper contributes to the growing theory of Cournot competition in networked markets.
The development of the Old High German umlauted vowels and the reflex of New High German /ɛ:/ in Present Standard German
Authors: Cercignani Fausto 
Published: March 2022

A critical reconstruction of the development of the Old High German umlauted vowels sheds light on the phonological history of various vocalic phonemes and in particular of /ɛ/ and /e/ as well as of /ɛ:/ and /e:/. The changes that affected the two pairs led to different results in the New High German Schriftsprache, in which today’s /ɛ:/ beside /e:/ in words with “long ä” (e. g. spät) is not an artificial vowel based on the spelling, but a historical variant with a phonological history behind it.
Konjunktiv II-Variation im urbanen Sprachgebrauch in Österreich
Authors: Edler Stefanie , Oberdorfer Georg 
Published: March 2022

The city as a social structure has a distinct relationship with its inhabitants. It creates a socio-pragmatic environment that produces communicative characteristics in the form of usage patterns that go hand in hand with conventionalised practices (cf. Gal 1987) and are dependent on everyday-life contextual aspects.
Accordingly, research of urban varieties is ideally based on language data that is as authentic as possible and includes socio-demographic and diatopic aspects. Following this idea, the study presented examines the subjunctive II in urban Austria by analysing free conversations in formal and informal contexts (interviews and conversations among friends), and correlating the results with spatial and social parameters. The data used was collected in Vienna and Graz, the two largest cities in Austria, as well as in their respective surrounding areas and was grouped by gender, age and place of residence.
The subjunctive II is realised in synthetic as well as periphrastic forms (cf. Merkle 1993: 69–73.; Donhauser 1992; Glauninger 2008). In rural Austria speakers use the entire range of variants (cf. Ziegler/Glantschnig 2013; Breuer/Wittibschlager 2020), while urban speakers exhibit a much narrower range, as we show in our analysis. Striking features in the use of variants can be seen above all in the form of contrasting modes of construction, i. e. synthetic vs. periphrastic realisation. The study reveals that there are hardly any differences between the two urban centres and only minor differences between a city and its surrounding area. However, the inclusion of social parameters provides a more differentiated picture: Here, higher relative frequencies of synthetic forms are found among male and older speakers compared to female and younger speakers. Thus, a preference for more conservative forms among the former contrasts with a preference for more modern (analytical) variants among the latter.
Knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and control of rabies among community households and health practitioners at the human-wildlife interface in Limpopo National Park, Massingir District, Mozambique
Authors: Mapatse Milton , Sabeta Claude , Fafetine José , Abernethy Darrell 
Published: March 2022

Background
Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease that kills more than 26,000 people each year in Africa. In Mozambique, poverty and inadequate surveillance result in gross underreporting and ineffective control of the disease in animals and people. Little is known of the role of human attitudes and behaviour in prevention or control of rabies, thus this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst selected households and health practitioners in one affected area, the Limpopo National Park (LNP), Massingir district.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 233 households in eight villages in LNP and among 42 health practitioners from eight health facilities in Massingir district between 2016 and 2018. Consenting household representatives aged 18 years or over were purposively selected. A KAP survey was administered to obtain information on dog ownership and knowledge of rabies, host species affected, modes of transmission, symptoms, recommended treatment and preventive methods.
Similar to household study participants, health practitioners were purposively selected and completed the questionnaire during the investigators’ visit. The questionnaire sought information on knowledge of rabies, management of bite wounds, vaccination sites and schedules of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were performed using SPSS software version 18.0.

Results
Approximately twenty per cent (18.9%; 95% CI: 14.3–24.3) and 13.3% (95% CI: 9.4–18.1) of households had good knowledge and practices of rabies, respectively. For health practitioners, only 16.7% (95% CI: 7.5–31.9) had good knowledge, whilst 33.3% (95% CI: 20.0–49.7) adopted adequate attitudes/practices towards the disease.

Conclusions/Significance
In conclusion, both households and health practitioners displayed poor levels of knowledge and adopted bad attitudes and practices towards rabies. The former, had more gaps in their attitudes and practices towards the disease. Village location and education level (P < .05) and similarly, sex and occupation, were found to be statistically associated with good knowledge of rabies among households as compared to HPs. Overall, a lack of community-based education and professional retraining courses contribute significantly to poor awareness of rabies in the LNP of Mozambique. Enhancing public health knowledge should consequently reduce dog-mediated human rabies deaths in this country.
revisionismo utilizado como política de governo pelo bolsonarismo
Authors: Cherxes Batista Ariel 
Published: March 2022

Entre 1964 e 1985 adveio a Ditadura Militar no Brasil.
Desdobrada a partir de um Golpe Civil-Militar, contra o presidente João Goulart em 31 de março de 1964. Apoiada pelo governo estadunidense, organizada pelas Forças Armadas e setores da elite brasileira, a medida teria buscado conter o suposto avanço comunista no país. Os episódios que circundam a Ditadura Militar ocasionaram controvérsias estendidas até os dias atuais. É possível observar em discursos da sociedade civil, ou mesmo em parcelas ligadas aos meios institucionais, a defesa da construção de uma narrativa revisionista sobre esta fase da história republicana brasileira. O presidente da República, Jair Messias Bolsonaro, assim como seu grupo político, são grandes entusiastas do revisionismo. Neste artigo buscaremos discutir a narrativa revisionista sobre a Ditadura Militar como um aspecto da cultura política bolsonarista, partindo da hipótese de que Bolsonaro busca criar uma versão alternativa sobre esse período da história a partir de sua visão revisionista e saudosista. Argumenta-se que a visão elogiosa ao “Regime Militar” representa uma ameaça à manutenção de uma democracia sólida no país. Por fim, as fontes documentais utilizadas no trabalho constam majoritariamente de notícias veiculadas em periódicos da imprensa brasileira e internacional entre os anos de 2011 a 2020, além de recursos audiovisuais postados no site Youtube, discursos de personalidades públicas e legislações. Todas trabalhadas a partir da metodologia de análise do discurso. No que toca aos aspectos teóricos utiliza-se a abordagem da História do Tempo Presente adjunta aos conceitos de cultura política, revisionismo e bolsonarismo, principalmente.
uso da história no mercado empresarial
Authors: Roza Luciano , Reis Nascimento Maria Isabel 
Published: March 2022

A presente proposta é o resultado da discussão desenvolvida no mestrado, defendida, em 2020, na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Na ocasião foi apresentado o trabalho intitulado o uso da história no mercado empresarial: a utilidade do núcleo de história oral Trem da Vale como estratégia de comunicação social da mineradora Vale S.A. Desse modo, a intenção desse artigo é demonstrar os usos da história no mercado empresarial, além de salientar os fatores que impulsionaram a abertura do setor a produção histórica. Como plano de fundo, a título de exemplo, reportaremos ao estudo de caso do Núcleo de História Oral Trem da Vale, um subprograma do Programa de Educação Patrimonial Trem da Vale, criado em 2008 nas cidades de Ouro Preto-MG e Mariana-MG.
RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS PRACTICES THROUGH WASATHIYAH CONCEPT
Authors: AHMAD ABDULLOH SAJJAD 
Published: March 2022

Diversity is a natural event due to the meeting of various cultural differences in one place. Indonesia is a very plural and multicultural society. Diversity includes differences in culture, religion, race, language, ethnicity, ethnic traditions and so on. In such a multicultural society, tensions and conflicts between cultural groups often occur and have an impact on the harmony of life which can lead to imbalances and divisions. The purpose of this paper is to discuss religious moderation in the Indonesian context, religious moderation in Islamic religious practice through the concept of wasathiyah. The method used is a literature review. The conclusion in this study is that religious moderation is a religious attitude that is fair and balanced in viewing, responding and practicing between the practice of one's own religion (exclusive) and respect for the religious practices of other people with different beliefs (inclusive). In dealing with the diversity that occurs in Indonesia with its cultural diversity and its plural nature, it is necessary to strive for an increase in multicultural awareness in the Indonesian nation, and furthermore it will foster an attitude of religious moderation. The attitude of religious moderation is in the form of acknowledging the existence of other parties, having a tolerant attitude, respect for differences of opinion, and not imposing the will by means of violence. The concept of Islam wasathiyah, an inclusive way of Islam or an open religious attitude, which is called an attitude of religious moderation. In viewing and solving a problem, moderate Islam (wasathiyah) tries to take a compromise approach and is in the midst of its tribe, ethnicity, tradition, culture, and religion, is oriented towards islahiyah (good deeds) which is based on tradition, willing to listen to each other. and learn from each other to practice the ability to manage and overcome differences between them without compromising on the teachings of Islam that are believed.
Keywords: Religious Moderation, Islamic Religious Practice, Wasathiyah Concept.