bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global CO2 fertilization of Sphagnum peat mosses via suppression of photorespiration during the twentieth century
Authors: Serk Henrik , Nilsson Mats B. , Bohlin Elisabet , Ehlers Ina , Wieloch Thomas , Olid Carolina , Grover Samantha , Kalbitz Karsten , Limpens Juul , Moore Tim , Münchberger Wiebke , Talbot Julie , Wang Xianwei , Knorr Klaus-Holger , Pancotto Verónica , Schleucher Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNatural peatlands contribute significantly to global carbon sequestration and storage of biomass, most of which derives fromSphagnumpeat mosses. Atmospheric CO2levels have increased dramatically during the twentieth century, from 280 to > 400 ppm, which has affected plant carbon dynamics. Net carbon assimilation is strongly reduced by photorespiration, a process that depends on the CO2to O2ratio. Here we investigate the response of the photorespiration to photosynthesis ratio inSphagnummosses to recent CO2increases by comparing deuterium isotopomers of historical and contemporarySphagnumtissues collected from 36 peat cores from five continents. Rising CO2levels generally suppressed photorespiration relative to photosynthesis but the magnitude of suppression depended on the current water table depth. By estimating the changes in water table depth, temperature, and precipitation during the twentieth century, we excluded potential effects of these climate parameters on the observed isotopomer responses. Further, we showed that the photorespiration to photosynthesis ratio varied betweenSphagnumsubgenera, indicating differences in their photosynthetic capacity. The global suppression of photorespiration inSphagnumsuggests an increased net primary production potential in response to the ongoing rise in atmospheric CO2, in particular for mire structures with intermediate water table depths.
Utilization of Carica papaya latex on coating of SPIONs for dye removal and drug delivery
Authors: Samrot Antony V. , Saigeetha S. , Mun Chua Yeok , Abirami S. , Purohit Kajal , Cypriyana P. J. Jane , Dhas T. Stalin , Inbathamizh L. , Kumar S. Suresh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLatex, a milky substance found in a variety of plants which is a natural source of biologically active compounds. In this study, Latex was collected from rawCarica papayaand was characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR and GC–MS analyses. Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized, coated withC. papayalatex (PL-Sp) and characterized using UV–Vis, FT-IR, SEM–EDX, XRD, VSM and Zeta potential analyses. SPIONs and latex coated SPIONs (PL-Sp) were used in batch adsorption study for effective removal of Methylene blue (MB) dye, where (PL-Sp) removed MB dye effectively. Further the PL-Sp was used to produce a nanoconjugate loaded with curcumin and it was characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM–EDX, XRD, VSM and Zeta potential. It showed a sustained drug release pattern and also found to have good antibacterial and anticancer activity.
Biodiversity and ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and resources rather than the geodiversity of a tropical biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Wallis Christine I. B. , Tiede Yvonne C. , Beck Erwin , Böhning-Gaese Katrin , Brandl Roland , Donoso David A. , Espinosa Carlos I. , Fries Andreas , Homeier Jürgen , Inclan Diego , Leuschner Christoph , Maraun Mark , Mikolajewski Katrin , Neuschulz Eike Lena , Scheu Stefan , Schleuning Matthias , Suárez Juan P. , Tinoco Boris A. , Farwig Nina , Bendix Jörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiodiversity and ecosystem functions are highly threatened by global change. It has been proposed that geodiversity can be used as an easy-to-measure surrogate of biodiversity to guide conservation management. However, so far, there is mixed evidence to what extent geodiversity can predict biodiversity and ecosystem functions at the regional scale relevant for conservation planning. Here, we analyse how geodiversity computed as a compound index is suited to predict the diversity of four taxa and associated ecosystem functions in a tropical mountain hotspot of biodiversity and compare the results with the predictive power of environmental conditions and resources (climate, habitat, soil). We show that combinations of these environmental variables better explain species diversity and ecosystem functions than a geodiversity index and identified climate variables as more important predictors than habitat and soil variables, although the best predictors differ between taxa and functions. We conclude that a compound geodiversity index cannot be used as a single surrogate predictor for species diversity and ecosystem functions in tropical mountain rain forest ecosystems and is thus little suited to facilitate conservation management at the regional scale. Instead, both the selection and the combination of environmental variables are essential to guide conservation efforts to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions.
Molecular surveillance of pneumococcal carriage following completion of immunization with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered in a 3 + 1 schedule
Authors: Syrogiannopoulos George A. , Grivea Ioanna N. , Moriondo Maria , Nieddu Francesco , Michoula Aspasia N. , Calabrese Maria Rita , Anthracopoulos Michael , Azzari Chiara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn a cross-sectional study, with the use of molecular methods, we aimed to gain insight into oropharyngeal pneumococcal colonization over time in 1212 Greek children recruited in general pediatric settings throughout the country; they were fully vaccinated with PCV13 (3 + 1 schedule). A single sample was obtained from each child at a time interval of 26 days to 70 months after administration of the 4th (booster) PCV13 dose; sampling time was divided into six time intervals. Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected by real-time PCR targeting the lytA gene and isolates were serotyped by singleplex real-time PCR assays. Multiple control procedures to avoid false-positive results were applied. We showed an overall S. pneumoniae carriage rate of 48.6%. Serotyping identified typeable isolates in 82% of the total lytA-positive samples. Non-PCV13 serotypes represented 83.8% of total isolates when excluding serogroups with mixed PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotypes. In multivariate analysis daycare/school attendance emerged as the main contributing factor. Notably, serotypes 19A and 3 were the only two PCV13 serotypes the colonization rate of which increased over time (χ2 for trend P < 0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively). The application of the SP2020 gene on lytA-positive serotyped samples showed pneumococcal colonization in 97% of cases, and the overall colonization profile over time closely resembled that of the lytA gene. With the provisions of the methodological approach and age group of our study, the use of the oropharynx emerges as a reliable alternative to the nasopharynx in estimating pneumococcal carriage in epidemiological studies.
Bedside determination of microcirculatory oxygen delivery and uptake: a prospective observational clinical study for proof of principle
Authors: Sturm Timo , Leiblein Julia , Clauß Christoph , Erles Enno , Thiel Manfred 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAssessment of microcirculatory functional capacity is considered to be of prime importance for therapy guidance and outcome prediction in critically ill intensive care patients. Here, we show determination of skin microcirculatory oxygen delivery and consumption rates to be a feasible approach at the patient’s bedside. Real time laser-doppler flowmetry (LDF) and white light spectrophotometry (WLS) were used for assessment of thenar skin microperfusion, regional Hb and postcapillary venous oxygen saturation before and after forearm ischemia. Adapted Fick’s principle equations allowed for calculation of microcirculatory oxygen delivery and uptake. Patient groups with expected different microcirculatory status were compared [control (n = 20), sepsis-1/2 definition criteria identified SIRS (n = 10) and septic shock patients (n = 20), and the latter group further classified according to sepsis-3 definition criteria in sepsis (n = 10) and septic shock (n = 10)], respectively. In otherwise healthy controls, microcirculatory oxygen delivery and uptake approximately doubled after ischemia with maximum values (mDO2max and mVO2max) significantly lower in SIRS or septic patient groups, respectively. Scatter plots of mVO2max and mDO2max values defined a region of unphysiological low values not observed in control but in critically ill patients with the percentage of dots within this region being highest in septic shock patients. LDF and WLS combined with vasoocclusive testing reveals significant differences in microcirculatory oxygen delivery and uptake capacity between control and critically ill patients. As a clinically feasible technique for bedside determination of microcirculatory oxygen delivery and uptake, LDF and WLS combined with vasoocclusive testing holds promise for monitoring of disease progression and/or guidance of therapy at the microcirculatory level to be tested in further clinical trials.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01530932.
Genome-wide analysis uncovers tomato leaf lncRNAs transcriptionally active upon Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato challenge
Authors: Rosli Hernan G. , Sirvent Emilia , Bekier Florencia N. , Ramos Romina N. , Pombo Marina A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlants rely on (in)direct detection of bacterial pathogens through plasma membrane-localized and intracellular receptor proteins. Surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) participate in the detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and are required for the activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) deploys ~ 30 effector proteins into the plant cell that contribute to pathogenicity. Resistant plants are capable of detecting the presence or activity of effectors and mount another response termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI). In order to investigate the involvement of tomato’s long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the immune response against Pst, we used RNA-seq data to predict and characterize those that are transcriptionally active in leaves challenged with a large set of treatments. Our prediction strategy was validated by sequence comparison with tomato lncRNAs described in previous works and by an alternative approach (RT-qPCR). Early PTI (30 min), late PTI (6 h) and ETI (6 h) differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were identified and used to perform a co-expression analysis including neighboring (± 100 kb) DE protein-coding genes. Some of the described networks could represent key regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis, PRR abundance at the cell surface and mitigation of oxidative stress, associated to tomato-Pst pathosystem.
Highly divergent herpesviruses in threatened river dolphins from Brazil
Authors: Exposto Novoselecki Helena , Catão-Dias José Luiz , Ewbank Ana Carolina , Navas-Suárez Pedro Enrique , Duarte-Benvenuto Aricia , Lial Henrique Christino , Costa Silva Samira , Sánchez-Sarmiento Angélica María , Gravena Waleska , da Silva Vera Maria Ferreira , Carvalho Vitor L. , Marmontel Miriam , Bertozzi Carolina P. , Lanes Ribeiro Vanessa , del Rio do Valle Rodrigo , Marigo Juliana , das Neves Carlos G. , Esperón Fernando , Sacristán Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRiver dolphins are a highly threatened polyphyletic group comprised of four odontocete families: Iniidae, Pontoporiidae, Lipotidae, and Platanistidae, the first two endemic to South America. To address the knowledge gap regarding infectious agents in this cetacean group, we surveyed the presence of herpesviruses by PCR in skin and/or blood samples of live-captured Amazon (Inia geoffrensis, n = 25) and Bolivian (Inia boliviensis, n = 22) river dolphins of the Amazon basin and in selected tissue samples of franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei, n = 27) stranded or bycaught in southeastern Brazil. Additionally, available franciscana tissue samples were examined by histopathology. Herpesvirus DNA was amplified in 13 Bolivian river dolphins (59.1%, 95% CI 38.5–79.6%) and 14 franciscanas (51.9%, 95% CI 33.0–70.7%). All Amazon river dolphins were herpesvirus-negative. Two different herpesviruses were found in Bolivian river dolphins: a previously known gammaherpesvirus detected in blood and/or skin samples of all positive individuals and a novel alphaherpesvirus in the skin of one animal. A new gammaherpesvirus was found in several franciscana samples—the first herpesvirus recorded in Pontoporiidae. Intranuclear inclusion bodies consistent with herpesvirus were observed in the lymph node of one franciscana. The high divergence among the obtained herpesviruses and those previously described can be explained by viral-host coevolution, and by the fact that these populations are fairly isolated.
Hypoxia driven opioid targeted automated device for overdose rescue
Authors: Imtiaz Mohammad S. , Bandoian Charles V. , Santoro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOpioid use disorder has been designated a worsening epidemic with over 100,000 deaths due to opioid overdoses recorded in 2021 alone. Unintentional deaths due to opioid overdoses have continued to rise inexorably. While opioid overdose antidotes such as naloxone, and nalmefene are available, these must be administered within a critical time window to be effective. Unfortunately, opioid-overdoses may occur in the absence of antidote, or may be unwitnessed, and the rapid onset of cognitive impairment and unconsciousness, which frequently accompany an overdose may render self-administration of an antidote impossible. Thus, many lives are lost because: (1) an opioid overdose is not anticipated (i.e., monitored/detected), and (2) antidote is either not present, and/or not administered within the critical frame of effectiveness. Currently lacking is a non-invasive means of automatically detecting, reporting, and treating such overdoses. To address this problem, we have designed a wearable, on-demand system that comprises a safe, compact, non-invasive device which can monitor, and effectively deliver an antidote without human intervention, and report the opioid overdose event. A novel feature of our device is a needle-stow chamber that stores needles in a sterile state and inserts needles into tissue only when drug delivery is needed. The system uses a microcontroller which continuously monitors respiratory status as assessed by reflex pulse oximetry. When the oximeter detects the wearer’s percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen to be less than or equal to 90%, which is an indication of impending respiratory failure in otherwise healthy individuals, the microcontroller initiates a sequence of events that simultaneously results in the subcutaneous administration of opioid antidote, nalmefene, and transmission of a GPS-trackable 911 alert. The device is compact (4 × 3 × 3 cm), adhesively attaches to the skin, and can be conveniently worn on the arm. Furthermore, this device permits a centralized remotely accessible system for effective institutional, large-scale intervention. Most importantly, this device has the potential for saving lives that are currently being lost to an alarmingly increasing epidemic.
Performance evaluation of ozonation for removal of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and genes from hospital wastewater
Authors: Baghal Asghari Farzaneh , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Dehghanzadeh Reza , Farajzadeh Davoud , Shanehbandi Dariush , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Rajabi Akbar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe performance of ozonation for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) using Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying ARGs from hospital wastewaters was evaluated in this study. Bacterial inactivation was determined using plate count methods and real time PCR for ARG damage (Sul1, blatem, blactx, blavim and qnrS). The reduction rate of bacterial cells and ARGs was increased by different amounts of transferred ozone dose from 11 to 45 mg/L. The concentration of 108 cfu/ml bacteria was reduced to an acceptable level by ozone treatment after a 5 min contact time, Although the removal rate was much higher for concentrations of 106 cfu/ml and 104 cfu/ml bacteria. Overall, the tendency of gene reduction by ozonation from more to less was 16S rRNA > sul1 > blatem > blactx > qnrS > blavim. Given that plasmid-borne ARGs can potentially be transferred to other bacteria even after the disinfection process, our results can provide important insights into the fate of ARGs during hospital wastewater ozonation.
A study on reducing eddy current loss of sleeve and improving torque density using ferrofluid of a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Song Si‐Woo , Jeong Min‐Jae , Kim Kwang‐Soo , Lee Ju , Kim Won‐Ho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt has advantages such as high power density and miniaturisation when the motor operates at high speed. However, as a side effect, the loss density is much higher than that of a constant speed motor. In addition, a retaining sleeve is inserted in the high‐speed motors to prevent the rotor from scattering. This insertion deteriorates the performance due to the increase of airgap, and eddy current loss occurs in the sleeve. In order to improve these shortcomings, the sleeve is redesigned in this paper. A groove was dug into the retaining sleeve and ferrofluid was injected. Ferrofluid refers to water or oil mixed with ultra‐fine powder. Since the permeability of ferrofluid is greater than that of airgap, it is possible to have high output and high efficiency. Since the material of the sleeve is non‐permeable, the performance is reduced with the same effect as increasing the airgap. However, if a ferrofluid is inserted by digging a groove in the retaining sleeve, the magnetic flux from the magnet flows into the stator through the ferrofluid, which has the same effect as reducing the airgap. Therefore, the torque density increases. Also, the eddy current loss is reduced through the retained sleeve groove. Moreover, a sleeve skew structure was used to further reduce the eddy current loss. In this paper, the mechanical rigidity at the rated speed was also taken into consideration. As a result, eddy current loss was reduced and torque density was improved. This is verified through the final finite element analysis.
Eddy current loss modelling for torque‐motors
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Cao Jie , Chang Liang , Li Sheng , Ruan Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA torque motor is a key component that directly influences the dynamic performance of two‐dimensional (2D) cartridge servo valves. Considering the effects of eddy current, a magnetic circuit model of a torque motor is proposed, and the eddy current resistance value considering the skin effect is calculated. When the eddy current effect is ignored, the natural frequency and critical damping of a torque motor are less than the calculated values under the eddy current effect, so the eddy current influence can be assumed to increase torque motor damping, as the iron loss can be equivalent to the damping energy consumption. Test rigs were set up and experiments were conducted based on a torque motor prototype. Through a finite element simulation analysis, the eddy current effect of the armature was found to be greater than that of the yokes. The magnetic leakage coefficients of the permanent magnets were calculated, and the obtained values were compared through experiments and simulations. Both the numerical simulations and experimental results showed that the eddy current model is closer to actual working conditions than the model for which the eddy current loss was ignored.
Complications of Hair Transplant Procedures—Causes and Management
Authors: Garg Anil Kumar , Garg Seema 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHair transplant surgery per se has low risk, is relatively safe, and has minimum incidence of complications. However, it is a well-accepted fact that no medical science procedure exists without any potential risk of complications. The complication may be a single complaint in the form of pain, itching, dissatisfaction related to the procedure's outcome, or surgical complication in the form of infection, wound dehiscence or skin necrosis. Inadequate counselling increases unsatisfaction. Improper examination increases the complications, and incomplete medical history and history of allergy increases the risk during surgery.The author collected data of his 2896 patients, operated over a period of 10 years, and recorded the complains and complications. The most common complications were sterile folliculitis, noted in 203 patients, vasovagal shock in seven patients of, hypertensive crisis in one patient, hiccups in six patients, facial edema after hair transplant in 18 patients, graft dislodgement in 8 patients, infection in two diabetic patients, minor necrotic patches in recipient area in three patients, keloid development in one patient, numbness in 18 cases, and hypersensitivity in recipient and/or donor area. Donor area effluvium was seen in one case and three patients showed recipient area effluvium. Twenty-six patients were not happy with the results, and five cases showed partial loss of implanted hair. The overall significant life-threatening or major complications were zero, but the total minor complications' percentage was 0.10%.The key to minimize complaints and complications are detailed counselling, taking careful medical history and history of allergy, and proper examination of patients.
Spine Myeloid Sarcoma: A Case Series with Review of Literature
Authors: Shah Kajal , Panchal Harsha , Patel Apurva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is a malignant extramedullary tumor consisting of immature cells of myeloid origin. It may precede, present concurrently or follow acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in de novo case or may also be present and might be the only manifestation of recurrent AML, myelodysplastic syndrome, or chronic myeloid leukemia. It frequently involves skin, orbit, bone, periosteum, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, central nervous system, and testis. Because of its different localization and symptoms, and the lack of diagnostic algorithm, MS is a real diagnostic challenge particularly in patients without initial bone marrow involvement. The correct diagnosis of MS is important for optimum therapy, which is often delayed because of a high misdiagnosis rate. We reported three cases of MS derived from spine presented with back pain, paraplegia, paraparesis, respectively, and reviewed the relevant literature.
Volcanic ash, victims, and tsunami debris from the Late Bronze Age Thera eruption discovered at Çeşme-Bağlararası (Turkey)
Authors: Şahoğlu Vasıf , Sterba Johannes H. , Katz Timor , Çayır Ümit , Gündoğan Ümit , Tyuleneva Natalia , Tuğcu İrfan , Bichler Max , Erkanal Hayat , Goodman-Tchernov Beverly N. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The significance of this study is multi-faceted, touching upon methodological advances in multidisciplinary approaches (earth sciences/geology–archaeology) as well as contributing to the historical and chronological understanding of the Late Bronze Age Thera eruption impacts. Our study presents physical evidence that very large, damaging tsunamis arrived even in the northern Aegean, an area previously assumed to be affected only by ash fallout. The tsunami deposits at Çeşme-Bağlararası contain the first victims (human and dog) ever identified related to the eruption and its immediate consequences. The work also introduces nine radiocarbon ages directly from the event deposit that will be of great interest and cause significant discussion amongst scholars, particularly given their context within a well-constrained, undisturbed, stratigraphic archaeological sequence.