bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field cancerization in breast cancer
Authors: Gadaleta Emanuela , Thorn Graeme J , Ross‐Adams Helen , Jones Louise J , Chelala Claude 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBreast cancer affects one in seven women worldwide during their lifetime. Widespread mammographic screening programs and education campaigns allow for early detection of the disease, often during its asymptomatic phase. Current practice in treatment and recurrence monitoring is based primarily on pathological evaluations but can also encompass genomic evaluations, both of which focus on the primary tumor. Although breast cancer is one of the most studied cancers, patients still recur at a rate of up to 15% within the first 10 years post‐surgery. Local recurrence was originally attributed to tumor cells contaminating histologically normal (HN) tissues beyond the surgical margin, but advances in technology have allowed for the identification of distinct aberrations that exist in the peri‐tumoral tissues themselves. One leading theory to explain this phenomenon is the field cancerization theory. Under this hypothesis, tumors arise from a field of molecularly altered cells that create a permissive environment for malignant evolution, which can occur with or without morphological changes. The traditional histopathology paradigm dictates that molecular alterations are reflected in the tissue phenotype. However, the spectrum of inter‐patient variability of normal breast tissue may obfuscate recognition of a cancerized field during routine diagnostics. In this review, we explore the concept of field cancerization focusing on HN peri‐tumoral tissues: we present the pathological and molecular features of field cancerization within these tissues and discuss how the use of peri‐tumoral tissues can affect research. Our observations suggest that pathological and molecular evaluations could be used synergistically to assess risk and guide the therapeutic management of patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Enhanced ablation resistance of Divinyl‐POSS modified additional liquid silicone rubber and its fiber reinforced composite
Authors: Shen Shuai , Guo Hongbin , Ma Xiaoyan , Ma Xutao , Niu Zhaoqi , Xin Yi , Hou Xiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo further improve the ablation and thermal properties of silicon rubber composite materials, the 3, 13‐divinyloctaphenyl double‐decker polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DV‐DDSQ) modified additional vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (VPDMS) was prepared, and the effect of high silica fiber reinforcement on the ablation properties of VPDMS was investigated. The results show that when 0.8phr DV‐DDSQ was added, the mass residual rate at 800°C of the composites increased from 40.6% to 51.0%. The linear ablation rate (LAR) as well as mass ablation rate (MAR) of the composites of the DV‐DDSQ modified VPDMS, the high silica fiber reinforced VPDMS composite (HSF/VPDMS composite) and the high silica fiber reinforced DV‐DDSQ modified VPDMS composite (HSF/DV‐DDSQ‐VPDMS composite) decreased dramatically compared with raw VPDMS, and it was 16.36%, 35.69%, and 37.17% bring down for LAR and 5.34%, 14.60% and 25.59% for MAR, respectively. The tensile strength and hardness of the DV‐DDSQ modified composites increased by 9.52% and 14.13%, respectively, while the elongation at break decreased by 5.99%, compared with the raw VPDMS.
Recent developments and challenges in natural fiber composites: A review
Authors: Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Puttegowda Madhu , Boonyasopon Pawinee , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Khan Anish , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe continuous demands for reducing environmental impact and energy consumption are the major driving factors for the development of natural fiber (NF)‐reinforced composites (NFRCs). The huge demand for sustainable materials in industries leads to the usage of NFs in product developments. These NFs are more attractive due to their lightweight, cost‐effectiveness, ease of availability, and environmentally friendly aspects. Green composites are the best alternatives in place of petroleum‐based composites which meet the current industrial requirements. In recent years, researchers are more focused on the development of NF composites as a potential candidate in real‐life applications due to economic advantages. This review gives a brief overview of NFs introduction, types, economic aspects, and the recent developments in NFRCs with an analysis of mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties. Moreover, the water absorption behavior, applications, and challenges in using NFs are also studied in this review. Additionally, this review will motivate the researchers for further developments and exist as foundation literature for upcoming researchers.
Robust duality for the uncertain multitime control optimization problems
Authors: Baranwal Ayushi , Jayswal Anurag , Preeti  
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article gives some new duality results for the multitime control optimization problem with data uncertainty (MCOPU). We formulate Wolfe and Mond‐Weir type robust dual problems for (MCOPU) and prove the weak robust duality theorem which states that the duality gap is positive and the strong robust duality theorem which shows the zero duality gap under convexity assumptions. Further, we also prove the converse robust duality result. Moreover, we give some nontrivial examples to verify the established results in this article.
Trends in Dermatology Consultations in the COVID-19 Era in Cameroon
Authors: Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar , Sigha Odette Berline , Djeumen Touka Angelique Jacquie , Eposse Ekoube Charlotte , Ngo Linwa Esther Eleonore , Budzi Michael Ngenge , Meh Martin Geh , Nzozone Henry Fomukong , Kouotou Emmanuel Armand , Zoung Kanyi Bissek Anne-Cecile 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
With the advent of COVID-19, a highly infectious viral pandemic, first declared in Cameroon in March 2020, access to expert dermatology care was postulated to decrease. We carried out a descriptive study to understand the epidemiology of skin diseases amongst patients consulting at an outpatient dermatology clinic and its variations with the onset of COVID-19.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective database study over a period of 2 years at Laquintinie hospital, Cameroon. Two periods were distinguished: 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 (pre-COVID-19 era) and 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 (COVID-19 era).

Results
Overall, 5946 patients with one or more clinical conditions were analysed. The most common age group described was young adults (18–40 years). Females consulted twice as much as males (M/F ratio; 1:1.7). The mean age was 28.9 (±18.0) years with an age range of 1 month to 89 years. Infectious dermatoses predominated. However, the single most prevalent dermatologic condition was acne. There was a 35.6% drop in consultation frequency in the COVID-19 era.

Conclusion
Three in four patients consulting at dermatology clinic are below 40 years, with a female predominance. Epidemiological profile of dermatoses in Cameroon is similar to that in the rest of Africa. Consultation frequency decreased in the COVID-19 era but trends in consultations were rather unaltered except for patients above 50 years where eczema and scabies increased. More studies should be conducted to understand these trends better at a national level and envisage training of health personnel on prevalent dermatoses.
Photoelectrochemical Performance Improving Mechanism: Hybridization Appearing at the Energy Band of BiVO4 Photoanode by Doped Quantum Layers Modification
Authors: Li Yang , Dai Xianying , Bu Yuyu , Zhang Hanzhi , Liu Jie , Yuan Wenyu , Guo Xiaohui , Ao Jin‐Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface passivation of the photoelectrode by wide bandgap semiconductor quantum layer is an important strategy to improve work stability and surface state inhibition. However, an inevitable energy barrier is generated during the quantum tunneling process of the photocarriers. To overcome this shortage, a tandem photo‐generated hole transfer route is fabricated on BiVO4 photoanode by doped dual‐quantum layers modification, Ni‐ZnO (5 nm) and Rh‐SrTiO3 (≈10 nm). Modulated photoelectrochemical (PEC), Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP), and DFT calculation method results indicate that a tandem hole ohmic contact route is formed in the photoanode to reduce the quantum tunneling energy barrier, meanwhile, the photon absorption capacity of BiVO4 is improved after doped quantum layers modification. Both a phenomenal attribute to the energy band hybridization between Ni, Rh 3d orbits in quantum layers with BiVO4 photoanode. Then, the modified BiVO4 photoanode achieves the recoded photocurrent density of 6.47 and 5.18 mA cm–2 (Na2SO3 electrolyte, VRHE = 1.23 V) under simulated sun light (100 mW cm–2 AM 1.5 G) by xenon lamp illumination without and with UV composition cutting down to ≈5%, respectively. Generally, this work will highlight a potential application in the fields of PEC water splitting and photovoltaic conversion for various semiconductor nanomaterials.
Food for thought: Immersive storyworlds as a way into scientific meaning‐making
Authors: Bevan Bronwyn , Rosin Mark , Mejias Sam , Wong Jen , Choi Michelle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScience communication aims to equip the public to become critical consumers of, advocates for, and sometimes producers of science. However, many studies suggest that audiences participating in such programs already benefit from strong cultural messages and social resources that encourage their engagement with science. The field is thus seeking to develop new models of science communication that can engage those who do not already seek out science engagement opportunities. In this article, we share findings from a study of an emerging sector of science communication that stages events in non‐science settings, such as nightclubs or music festivals. In particular, we examine a science communication program that leverages the genre of immersive storyworlds to engage non‐science‐seeking audiences at an annual country fair. Leveraging Bakhtin's conceptualization of carnival as a theoretical lens, we ask the questions: How do immersive storyworlds operate to attract and engage non‐science seeking public audiences in science conversations? In what ways do immersive storyworlds afford opportunities for participants to see science in relationship to themselves? We find that the storyworld creates an aesthetically and emotionally saturated context, with improvisational roles and routines that accommodate diverse perspectives and position participants' prior experiences and interests as the means for productive participation. Jointly producing the storyworld affords opportunities for belonging, which in turn appear to support sustained science conversations among participants and science communicators. The study contributes to the nascent evidence base for how such approaches might serve as an inclusive form of science communication, in particular by proposing new ways to think about “belonging” in science.
Dibutyl phthalate‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in swine testis cells and therapy of naringenin via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Huijie , Zhang Yue , Zou Mengmeng , Sun Xiaowei , Huang Xiaodan , Xu Shiwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a phthalic acid ester (PAE) that has posed a health hazard to the organisms. Naringenin (NRG) is a flavanone compound that has shown protection against several environmental chemicals through suppression of oxidative stress and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Herein, swine testis (ST) cells were treated with 1.8 μM of DBP or/and 25.39 nM of NRG for 24 h, we described the discovery path of NRG inhibition on apoptosis in DBP‐exposed ST cells through targeting phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). We first found that the anti‐apoptosis effect of NRG is dependent on mitochondrial pathway through flow cytometry and related gene/protein expression, and then we detected PI3K/AKT pathway‐related gene/protein expression, and established a computational docking assay between NRG and PTEN. We found that NRG specifically binds to three basic residues (His93, Lys125, Lys128) of P loop in PTEN, as well as phosphatase domains (Asp92, His93, Cys124, Lys125, Ala126, Lys128, and Arg130) in active dephosphorylation pockets, thereby reducing PTEN level and activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and further inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. Taken together, our results push forward that NRG deserves further attention as a potential antagonistic therapy against DBP through targeting PTEN to inhibit oxidative stress and activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
From left to right all through the night: Characteristics of lying rest in zoo elephants
Authors: Schiffmann Christian , Hellriegel Linda , Clauss Marcus , Brother Stefan  , Knibbs Kevin , Wenker Christian , Hård Therese , Galeffi Cordula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite increased research during the past years, many characteristics of resting behavior in elephants are still unknown. For example, there is only limited data suggesting elephants express longer lying bouts and increased total nightly lying durations on soft substrates as compared to hard surfaces. Additionally, it has not been investigated how frequently elephants change body sides between lying bouts. Here we present these characteristics based on observations of nighttime lying behavior in 10 zoo elephants (5 African Loxodonta africana and 5 Asian Elephas maximus elephants) living in five different European facilities. We found that elephants housed on soft substrates have significantly increased total lying durations per night and longer average lying bouts. Furthermore, at 70%−85% of all bouts, a consistently higher frequency of side change between lying bouts occurred on soft substrates, leading to an overall equal laterality in resting behavior. Deviations from this pattern became evident in elephants living on nonsand flooring or/and in nondominant individuals of nonfamily groups, respectively. Based on our findings, we consider elephants to normally have several lying bouts per night with frequent side changes, given an appropriate substrate and healthy social environment. We encourage elephant‐keeping facilities to monitor these characteristics in their elephants' nighttime behavior to determine opportunities for further improvements and detect alterations putatively indicating social or health problems in individual elephants at an early stage.
Analytic thin wall false vacuum decay rate
Authors: Ivanov Aleksandar , Matteini Marco , Nemevšek Miha , Ubaldi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We derive a closed-form false vacuum decay rate at one loop in the thin wall limit, where the true and false vacua are nearly degenerate. We obtain the bounce configuration in D dimensions, together with the Euclidean action with a higher order correction, counter-terms and renormalization group running. We extract the functional determinant via the Gel’fand-Yaglom theorem for low and generic orbital multipoles. The negative and zero eigenvalues appear for low multipoles and the translational zeroes are removed. We compute the fluctuations for generic multipoles, multiply and regulate the orbital modes. We find an explicit finite renormalized decay rate in D = 3, 4 and give a closed-form expression for the finite functional determinant in any dimension.
Raucherassoziierte Malignome
Authors: Martini Katharina 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Tabakkonsum ist die häufigste vermeidbare Ursache für Krebserkrankungen und Krebstodesfälle. Tabakkonsum steht nicht nur im Zusammenhang mit Lungenkrebs, sondern hat Einfluss auf die Krebsentstehung in fast allen Organsystemen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, auf die verschiedenen beteiligten Organsysteme in der tabakassoziierten Krebsentstehung näher einzugehen.

Material und Methoden
Zunächst erfolgt eine kurze Einführung in die Thematik, gefolgt von einer ausführlichen Beschreibung der verschiedenen Tumorentitäten, die mit dem Tabakkonsum assoziiert sind.

Ergebnisse
Der Tabakkonsum wird mit der Verursachung vieler Krebsarten in Verbindung gebracht. Nach aktuellen Erkenntnissen kann Tabakkonsum Mund‑, Pharynx‑, Larynx‑, Ösophagus‑, Magen‑, Nieren‑, Pankreas‑, Leber‑, Blasen‑, Zervix‑, Kolon- und Rektumkarzinome sowie die akute myeloische Leukämie verursachen.

Diskussion
Tabakkonsum ist nicht nur Hauptursache für die Entstehung von Lungenkrebs, sondern hat auch einen großen Einfluss auf die Entstehung bösartiger Erkrankungen in anderen Organsystemen. Daher muss bei der Bildauswertung von Rauchern ein besonderes Augenmerk auf andere maligne Begleiterkrankungen gelegt werden.
Permutation testing for thick data when the number of variables is much greater than the sample size: recent developments and some recommendations
Authors: Langthaler Patrick B. , Ceccato Riccardo , Salmaso Luigi , Arboretti Rosa , Bathke Arne C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn many scientific disciplines datasets contain many more variables than observational units (so-called thick data). A common hypothesis of interest in this setting is the global null hypothesis of no difference in multivariate distribution between different experimental or observational groups. Several permutation-based nonparametric tests have been proposed for this hypothesis. In this paper we investigate the potential differences in performance between different methods used to test thick data. In particular we focus on an extension of the Nonparametric combination procedure (NPC) proposed by Pesarin and Salmaso, a rank-based approach by Ellis, Burchett, Harrar and Bathke, and a distance-based approach by Mielke. The effect of different combining procedures on the NPC is also explored. Finally, we illustrate the use of these methods on a real-life dataset.
Bone tissue engineering using 3D silk scaffolds and human dental pulp stromal cells epigenetic reprogrammed with the selective histone deacetylase inhibitor MI192
Authors: Man Kenny , Joukhdar Habib , Manz Xue D. , Brunet Mathieu Y. , Jiang Lin-Hua , Rnjak-Kovacina Jelena , Yang Xuebin B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEpigenetics plays a critical role in regulating mesenchymal stem cells’ (MSCs) fate for tissue repair and regeneration. There is increasing evidence that the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoform 3 can enhance MSC osteogenesis. This study investigated the potential of using a selective HDAC2 and 3 inhibitor, MI192, to promote human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) bone-like tissue formation in vitro and in vivo within porous Bombyx Mori silk scaffolds. Both 2 and 5 wt% silk scaffolds were fabricated and characterised. The 5 wt% scaffolds possess thicker internal lamellae, reduced scaffold swelling and degradation rates, whilst increased compressive modulus in comparison to the 2 wt% silk scaffold. MI192 pre-treatment of hDPSCs on 5 wt% silk scaffold significantly enhanced hDPSCs alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). The expression of osteoblast-related genes (RUNX2, ALP, Col1a, OCN) was significantly upregulated in the MI192 pre-treated cells. Histological analysis confirmed that the MI192 pre-treated hDPSCs-silk scaffold constructs promoted bone extracellular matrix (ALP, Col1a, OCN) deposition and mineralisation compared to the untreated group. Following 6 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in nude mice, the MI192 pre-treated hDPSCs-silk scaffold constructs enhanced the vascularisation and extracellular matrix mineralisation compared to untreated control. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the potential of using epigenetic reprogramming and silk scaffolds to promote hDPSCs bone formation efficacy, which provides evidence for clinical translation of this technology for bone augmentation.
Graphical abstract
Plasma autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) react with brain areas according to Braak staging of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gschmack Eva , Monoranu Camelia-Maria , Marouf Hecham , Meyer Sarah , Lessel Lena , Idris Raja , Berg Daniela , Maetzler Walter , Steigerwald Frank , Volkmann Jens , Gerlach Manfred , Riederer Peter , Koutsilieri Eleni , Scheller Carsten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a progredient degeneration of the brain, starting at deep subcortical areas such as the dorsal motor nucleus of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves (DM) (stage 1), followed by the coeruleus–subcoeruleus complex; (stage 2), the substantia nigra (SN) (stage 3), the anteromedial temporal mesocortex (MC) (stage 4), high-order sensory association areas and prefrontal fields (HC) (stage 5) and finally first-order sensory association areas, premotor areas, as well as primary sensory and motor field (FC) (stage 6). Autoimmunity might play a role in PD pathogenesis. Here we analyzed whether anti-brain autoantibodies differentially recognize different human brain areas and identified autoantigens that correlate with the above-described dissemination of PD pathology in the brain. Brain tissue was obtained from deceased individuals with no history of neurological or psychiatric disease and no neuropathological abnormalities. Tissue homogenates from different brain regions (DM, SN, MC, HC, FC) were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Blots were incubated with plasma samples from 30 PD patients and 30 control subjects and stained with anti-IgG antibodies to detect anti-brain autoantibodies. Signals were quantified. Prominent autoantigens were identified by 2D-gel-coupled mass spectrometry sequencing. Anti-brain autoantibodies are frequent and occur both in healthy controls and individuals with PD. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was identified as a prominent autoantigen recognized in all plasma samples. GFAP immunoreactivity was highest in DM areas and lowest in FC areas with no significant differences in anti-GFAP autoantibody titers between healthy controls and individuals with PD. The anti-GFAP autoimmunoreactivity of different brain areas correlates with the dissemination of histopathological neurodegeneration in PD. We hypothesize that GFAP autoantibodies are physiological but might be involved as a cofactor in PD pathogenesis secondary to a leakage of the blood–brain barrier.