bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EEG frequency tagging evidence of social interaction recognition
Authors: Oomen Danna , Cracco Emiel , Brass Marcel , Wiersema Jan R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious neuroscience studies have provided important insights into the neural processing of third-party social interaction recognition. Unfortunately, however, the methods they used are limited by a high susceptibility to noise. Electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency tagging is a promising technique to overcome this limitation, as it is known for its high signal-to-noise ratio. So far, EEG frequency tagging has mainly been used with simplistic stimuli (e.g. faces), but more complex stimuli are needed to study social interaction recognition. It therefore remains unknown whether this technique could be exploited to study third-party social interaction recognition. To address this question, we first created and validated a wide variety of stimuli that depict social scenes with and without social interaction, after which we used these stimuli in an EEG frequency tagging experiment. As hypothesized, we found enhanced neural responses to social scenes with social interaction compared to social scenes without social interaction. This effect appeared laterally at occipitoparietal electrodes and strongest over the right hemisphere. Hence, we find that EEG frequency tagging can measure the process of inferring social interaction from varying contextual information. EEG frequency tagging is particularly valuable for research into populations that require a high signal-to-noise ratio like infants, young children and clinical populations.
Finding Joy in Social Work: Practical Strategies
Authors: Wolfer Terry A , Pooler David K , Graves Brian D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion, this article suggests that efforts by social workers to find joy in the profession may help them broaden their scope of attention, cognition, and action; build physical, intellectual, and social resources for future use; and increase resilience. This article explains Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory as a basis for exploring and seeking positivity and outlines several practical strategies that social workers or their leaders can adopt to promote joy and other positive emotions. The strategies can be implemented at individual or group levels in classrooms or agencies. Finally, this article considers how these strategies may contribute to social worker self-care, self-awareness, and ongoing growth and development.
Towards a unified doctrine of mistake?
Authors: Lee Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The concept of mistake permeates various areas of private law and performs a similar function in relieving errors in each. This article reviews the operation of the doctrine of mistake in different substantive areas of law, including contract, unjust enrichment and equity, and argues that the similarities in terms of the requirements for establishing a mistake and the role of assumption of risk in negating a mistake should not be overstated. It further argues that the distinction between gifts and bargains, as well as the proprietary consequences of equitable mistakes, makes it premature to postulate a unified doctrine of mistake.
Registering express trusts: a necessary clarification or step too far?
Authors: Brown Lloyd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article analyses the changes that have been made to the registration of trusts with the HMRC’s Trust Registration Service. Ultimately the registration system has been greatly extended by new rules that were introduced on 6 October 2020. Following an outline of the new registration requirements, the article thereafter goes on to argue that the changes may greatly affect the number of people willing to become trustees. Furthermore, the inevitable privacy concerns for trustees are considered, as under the new system third parties will be able to apply to see the information contained on the register.
Formal Reporting of Identity-Based Harassment at an Academic Medical Center: Incidence, Barriers, and Institutional Responses
Authors: Vargas Emily A. , Cortina Lilia M. , Settles Isis H. , Brassel Sheila T. , Perumalswami Chithra R. , Johnson Timothy R.B. , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
To examine the incidence of, barriers to, and institutional responses to formal reporting of experiences of identity-based harassment at an academic medical center.

Method
The authors invited 4,545 faculty and medical trainees at the University of Michigan Medical School to participate in a 2018 survey about civility and respect. This analysis focused on respondents who indicated experiencing at least 1 form of identity-based harassment (sexual harassment, gender policing harassment, heterosexist harassment, racialized sexual harassment) within the past year, perpetrated by staff, students, and faculty or by patients and patients’ families. The authors assessed the incidence of formally reporting harassment to someone in authority, barriers to reporting, and institutional responses following reporting.

Results
Among the 1,288 (28.3%) respondents with usable data, 83.9% (n = 1,080) indicated experiencing harassment. Of the harassed individuals, 10.7% (114/1,067), including 13.1% (79/603) of cisgender women and 7.5% (35/464) of cisgender men, indicated they formally reported their harassment experiences. Among these reporters, 84.6% (66/78) of cisgender women and 71.9% (23/32) of cisgender men indicated experiencing positive institutional remedies. Many reporters indicated experiencing institutional minimization (42.9% [33/77] of cisgender women; 53.1% [17/32] of cisgender men) or retaliation (21.8% [17/78] of cisgender women; 43.8% [14/32] of cisgender men). Cisgender men were significantly more likely to indicate experiencing specific negative institutional responses, such as being considered a troublemaker (OR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.33–9.55). Among respondents who did not formally report harassment experiences, cisgender women were significantly more likely to cite concerns about institutional retaliation, such as being given an unfair performance evaluation or grade (OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.33–2.70).

Conclusions
Most respondents who experienced harassment did not formally report it to anyone in authority. Many reporters faced institutional minimization and retaliation. These findings suggest a need to reshape institutional harassment prevention and response systems in academic medicine.
Differences in Quantitative Sensory Testing Outcomes Between Patients With Low Back Pain in Primary Care and Pain-free Controls
Authors: den Bandt Hester L. , Ickmans Kelly , Leemans Lynn , Nijs Jo , Voogt Lennard 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) is used to test somatosensory functioning in on people with chronic LBP in secondary/tertiary health care facilities. Studies using QST-testing on LBP populations in primary care are scarce. Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) measures central sensitization (CS)-related symptoms and studies investigating the differences between QST-testing and participants with LBP with a positive and negative score on the CSI questionnaire are also rare. This case-control study investigates differences of an extensive QST-measurement between patients with acute, chronic LBP, and pain-free controls (PFCs) in primary care. Secondary aim is to investigate differences of an extensive QST-measurement between “CS” and “no-CS” group.

Materials and Methods:
Participants with LBP were recruited from November 2016 to October 2019. Demographic and clinical information was collected and a standardized QST protocol was taken. Data analysis involved determining differences between groups.

Results:
Data of 100 participants with LBP and 50 PFCs were analyzed. Heat pain thresholds, pressure pain threshold, and conditioned pain modulation local and remote were significantly moderately to relatively strongly affected by acute, chronic LBP and PFCs (P<0.001 to 0.001). Lumbar temporal summation was significantly moderately affected by acute, chronic LBP, and PFCs (P=0.001). Only pressure pain threshold showed significant difference between “CS” and “no-CS” group (P=0.001 to 0.002).

Discussion:
Signs of enhanced nociceptive processing and disturbed top-down nociceptive modulation are apparent in people with acute and chronic LBP in primary care. Results indicate existence of central mechanisms in LBP in primary care.
Persistent hand pain despite adequate immunosuppression? The distinct value of occupational therapy in the era of biologics
Authors: Minhas Deeba , Cagnoli Patricia , Dodge Carole 
Published: April 2022

Purpose of review
Despite the tremendous advancement in the use of biologics, many patients with inflammatory arthritis do not achieve remission, and the risk of joint damage remains high. A multidimensional approach to treatment is essential. Joint disease in the hands and wrists may prevent patients from performing daily and valued life activities. This review will discuss the role of occupational therapists in inflammatory arthritis, recent updates on joint protection and assistive devices, as well as highlighting adjunctive treatment options for rheumatologists to help patients manage their symptoms.

Recent findings
This article describes the meaningful role of occupational therapy and assistive devices in improving the outcomes for patients with inflammatory arthritis. We describe orthoses, assistive devices and adjunctive therapies utilized in inflammatory arthritis. We provide evidence supporting joint protection and occupational therapy as ways to help with these diseases. A multidisciplinary approach including the entire healthcare provider team, including occupational therapists, is essential to providing individualized treatment focusing on maximizing mobility in each patient's daily routine.

Summary
Although larger studies are needed, assessment by hand-certified occupational therapists for instruction in joint protection techniques, assistive devices and customized orthoses and devices are important adjuncts to pharmacologic management in inflammatory arthritis.
The “Discoid Epiphysis”—An Uncommon Presentation of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Shah Hitesh , Singh Kumar A. , Joseph Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Among a cohort of 402 children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), 32 children presented with sclerosis and severe collapse of the entire femoral epiphysis that closely resembled a discus.
This study was undertaken to identify the characteristics of children with this form of a “discoid epiphysis,” compare them with typical LCPD and ascertain the radiologic outcome of their hips when the disease healed.

Methods:
Sequential radiographs of the children were studied to monitor disease evolution. Femoral epiphyseal extrusion was measured on the initial anteroposterior radiograph. Thirty-one of the 32 children were treated with a proximal femoral varus osteotomy and weight-bearing was deferred till the disease reached stage IIIb. The pattern of fragmentation of the epiphysis was noted and the Sphericity Deviation Score (SDS) was computed once the disease healed.

Results:
The mean age of children with a discoid epiphysis was 6.81±1.57 years at onset of symptoms while that of children with the typical presentation was 7.54±1.64 years (P<0.017). Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging scans of three children with a discoid epiphysis done in stage Ib of the disease showed that over 95% of the epiphysis was avascular. Femoral head extrusion was frequently present on the initial radiographs (mean Reimer’s migration index 27.08±8.7; range: 6.4 to 42.55).
In operated children with a discoid epiphysis, the disease evolved typically with fragmentation of the epiphysis followed by reconstitution. The height of the epiphysis was never restored; when the disease healed the mean epiphyseal height was 51.31±10.44% of the normal contralateral epiphysis as compared with 82.46±11.24% in children with typical LCPD (P<0.001).
The SDS at healing of operated children with a discoid epiphysis was 14.95±10.86 while the SDS for operated children without a discoid epiphysis was 9.77±11.7 (P<0.019). However, the SDS of children with typical onset LCPD who had Catterall IV involvement and Herring C collapse was 15.25±15.19 (P=0.49 NS).

Conclusion:
The outcome of treatment of children with a discoid epiphysis is comparable to that of children with typical onset LCPD with Catterall IV (whole-head involvement) and Herring C collapse of the lateral pillar. About a third of these children who undergo early surgical containment may have spherical heads when the disease heals.
A Qualitative Study to Understand the Cultural Factors That Influence Clinical Data Use for Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Wiljer David , Tavares Walter , Charow Rebecca , Williams Spencer , Campbell Craig , Davis Dave , Jeyakumar Tharshini , Mylopoulos Maria , Okrainec Allan , Silver Ivan , Sockalingam Sanjeev 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The use of data to inform lifelong learning has become increasingly important in continuing professional development (CPD) practice. Despite the potential benefits of data-driven learning, our understanding of how physicians engage in data-informed learning activities, particularly for CPD, remains unclear and warrants further study. The purpose of this study was to explore how physicians perceive cultural factors (individual, organizational, and systemic) that influence the use of clinical data to inform lifelong learning and self-initiated CPD activities.

Methods:
This qualitative study is part of an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study examining data-informed learning. Participants were psychiatrists and general surgeons from Canada and the United States. Recruitment occurred between April 2019 and November 2019, and the authors conducted semistructured telephone interviews between May 2019 and November 2019. The authors performed thematic analysis using an iterative, inductive method of constant comparative analysis.

Results:
The authors interviewed 28 physicians: 17 psychiatrists (61%) and 11 general surgeons (39%). Three major themes emerged from the continuous, iterative analysis of interview transcripts: (1) a strong relationship between data and trust, (2) a team-based approach to data-informed learning for practice improvement, and (3) a need for organizational support and advocacy to put data into practice.

Conclusion:
Building trust, taking a team-based approach, and engaging multiple stakeholders, such as data specialists and organizational leadership, may significantly improve the use of data-informed learning. The results are situated in the existing literature, and opportunities for future research are summarized.
Three-dimensional measurements on the mandible of patients with hemifacial microsomia
Authors: Wang Meng , Gui Lai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM), which involves multiple sites with different levels of severity, is the second most common congenital craniofacial deformity after cleft lip and palate. However, three-dimensional (3D) measurements of mandibular deformities have not yet been studied in detail. The objective of this study is to investigate the method of 3D measurements of mandibular deformities in HFM patients.

Methods:
A total of 48 HFM patients were included in this study. All clinical treatment for patients was performed in the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences at Peking Union Medical College from June 2006 to June 2020. The patients’ 3D computerized tomography scan data were processed using medical imaging software, following four iterative steps: 3D reconstruction, mirroring, differential analysis, and partition.

Results:
The characteristics of the mandibular bone in HFM patients are mainly presented as follows: (1) compared to the normal side, the part of the bone body that extends from the ascending ramus to the pogonion (Po-NB) is analyzed using a dynamic process: less fullness-fullness-more fullness; (2) absences were frequently observed among the angular zones, that is, the height of the ascending ramus is deficient.

Conclusions:
HFM is a complicated condition with numerous variations in clinical presentation. We employed both 3D image reconstruction and computerization image processing techniques to investigate asymmetrical mandibular deformity in HFM patients in detail and with great accuracy. This will be of great use to clinicians for disease management.
Let Me Spell It Out: The Impact of Microaggression on the Health Care Professional
Authors: Valdez Purnima , Kendrick-Allwood Salathiel , Williams Traci S. , Spinks-Franklin Adiaha , Nyp Sarah S. 
Published: April 2022

CASE:
Rachel is a 10-year-old White girl with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and a history of trauma who presented for evaluation by Dr. Narayanaswamy, a developmental-behavioral pediatrician. A pediatric resident observed the visit with permission from Rachel's parents.
During the visit, Dr. Narayanaswamy spoke to Rachel's case manager over the phone to advocate for a trauma-based day treatment program at her school. At the end of the call, the case manager asked the physician for her full name. Dr. Narayanaswamy responded with her name and asked the case manager, “Would you like me to spell it?” At that time, Rachel's father began to laugh, shook his head, and incredulously remarked, “Ugh, yeah you need to spell it.” Dr. Narayanaswamy ignored the comment and completed the phone call.
After the visit, Dr. Narayanaswamy explained to the resident that the father's derisive laughter was a microaggression. The resident appreciated the observation and, after a pause, asked why she chose not to defend herself when the microaggression occurred. Dr. Narayanaswamy reflected that she had refrained from responding to Rachel's father over concern that he would retaliate by providing low ratings on the postvisit patient satisfaction survey sent to all patients who received care at the institution. The granular survey results, comprising ratings in each survey subheading category for each clinician, are made public to members of her division each quarter, and low ratings are scrutinized by the leadership. Dr. Narayanaswamy thought it unfortunate that she felt inhibited in her response because this deprived the resident of observing ways to address microaggressions during an encounter, deprived herself the opportunity to respond directly to Rachel's father, and deprived Rachel from an instructive moment about racial empathy.
Dr. Narayanaswamy wrote a letter about the incident to the chief of clinical affairs to inquire what recourse clinicians had in these situations and whether certain patient encounters could be flagged to prevent the postvisit patient survey from being automatically sent. The chief responded that the incident was unfortunate and praised Dr. Narayanaswamy's restraint and professionalism but denied her request to have postvisit surveys blocked for certain encounters. He shared that if a clinician were to be dissatisfied with a visit satisfaction rating, the clinician could petition for a review, and a committee would subsequently determine whether the review could be removed.
How can health care professionals respond to microaggressions while maintaining a therapeutic alliance with the patient/family members and how can institutions support health care professionals in this endeavor?
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics as a Predictor of Relapse in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A 1-Year Pilot Study
Authors: D'Anna Giulio , Rotella Francesco , Santarelli Gabriele , Scannerini Silvia , Fanelli Alessandra , Ricca Valdo , Ballerini Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) have been shown to reduce acute episodes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). However, breakthrough relapses are frequent, possibly because of underdosing in clinical practice. In this framework, the advantages of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may be overlooked. This study explored the association of low steady-state LAI levels with a higher risk of relapse in SSDs, despite the use of a licensed posology.

Methods:
Forty-eight clinically stable outpatients with SSD underwent LAI-TDM using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for routine observational purposes. Baseline anamnestic, pharmacological, and psychometric evaluations compared subjects with “under-range” versus “in-range” LAI serum levels; between-group comparisons for different LAI treatments were also performed. A binary logistic regression explored which baseline factors (age, sex, previous hospitalizations, psychopathology, specific LAI treatment, and underrange serum levels) predicted relapse during the next 12 months.

Results:
Baseline comparisons did not show significant between-group differences, except for a higher percentage of underrange values in individuals receiving olanzapine pamoate. A total of 10 patients (20.8%) relapsed during the follow-up; only underrange LAI levels predicted the event (odds ratio 0.03, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.36; P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
Even if relapse remains as a multifactorial event, LAI-TDM may identify subjects at risk for this negative outcome, thus optimizing antipsychotic maintenance treatment in the context of precision medicine. The finding of underrange LAI plasma levels in real-world practice should prompt adequate monitoring of clinically stable outpatients to identify the early signs of psychopathological deterioration.
Intestinal Inflammation is Significantly Associated With Length Faltering in Preterm Infants at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge
Authors: Thai Julie D. , Cherkerzian Sara , Filatava Evgenia J. , Luu Ngan , Yamamoto Hidemi S. , Fichorova Raina N. , Belfort Mandy B. , Gregory Katherine E. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to assess intestinal inflammatory measures, urinary intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein (IFABP), and fecal calprotectin (FC) by gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age (PMA) and determine the association between intestinal inflammation and growth in preterm infants from birth to hospital discharge. We hypothesized that intestinal inflammation is associated with adverse growth in preterm infants.Methods:We assayed repeated measures of IFABP and FC in 72 hospitalized preterm infants (<34 weeks’ gestation). We calculated weight and length z scores at birth and discharge using the Fenton growth reference. Associations between mean IFABP or FC, growth z scores at discharge, and growth faltering (weight or length z score difference <−0.8 from birth to discharge) were assessed using mixed linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for intrafamilial correlation and potential confounders: GA, sex, birth z score, race/ethnicity, and maternal age.Results:Mean IFABP was greater among infants born at earlier GA and decreased with increasing PMA. Mean FC did not vary by GA or PMA. Higher mean IFABP and FC were associated with lower discharge growth z scores and greater likelihood of growth faltering significant only for mean IFABP and discharge length z score (β = −0.353, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.704 to −0.002) and mean IFABP and length faltering (odds ratio [OR] 1.99, P = 0.018).Conclusions:Intestinal inflammation, measured by IFABP, was associated with lower length z scores and length faltering at discharge. Interventions to prevent intestinal inflammation may improve linear growth among preterm infants.