bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH EGRA IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Rezeki Tri Indah , Sagala Rakhmat Wahyudin 
Published: March 2022

Experience, Generalization, Reinforcement, Application (EGRA) technique is suitable for teaching writing. Teaching writing using EGRA techniques executes the students are easier to develop stories based on their experiences. This study focused on investigating the implementation of the EGRA technique in understanding recount text by the students at SMPIT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang. Specifically, the objective of this study is to find out the effect of the EGRA technique on students' writing ability in recount text. This study employs a quasi-experimental design, including a pre-test and post-test control group design—the Eighth-grade students at SMPIT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang as the population of the study. The researchers selected two classes of Eighth-grade students as the sample of this study. The sample selection used random cluster sampling, specifically the Eight-grade Al-Karim as the experimental class, which consisted of 30 students, and the Eighth-grade VIII Al-Mughni as the control class, which consisted of 30 students. The experimental class was taught using the EGRA technique, and the control class was taught using the conventional method. The data of this study were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result from calculating the data showed that the implementation of EGRA was effective to be applied in teaching students of the Eighth-grade students at SMPIT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang in writing recount text. In other words, it was revealed that the use of EGRA technique was effective enough to enhance the students' understanding in writing recount text. While the application of the conventional method was not effective in improving students' ability to understand recount text.Keywords: Writing, EGRA Technique, Understanding a Recount text
PENERAPAN NILAI NASIONALISME TERHADAP RASA CINTA TANAH AIR (Studi di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat)
Authors: Suciati Amelia , Sembiring Muhlis Fahdiar 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan nilai nasionalisme terhadap rasa cinta tanah air di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Serapit Kabupaten Langkat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah masyarakat di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Serapit Kabupaten Langkat dan yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah nilai nasionalisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Pemaknaan penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat meliputi pemaknaan tentang nilai nasionalisme yang dilihat dari dua sudut pandang yakni sudut pandang tokoh masyarakat dan sudut pandang perangkat desa. Pemaknaan penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari yang diwujudkan dalam beberapa bentuk kegiatan. Dalam memaknai penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat pada hakikatnya tergantung pada peran tokoh masyarakat, karena dalam kehidupan Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat Tokoh masyarakat merupakan sosok yang dianggap teladan.2) Faktor penentu dalam pemaknaaan penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat, meliputi: peran perankat desa sebagai motivator dan fasilitator, motivasi dari dalam diri waraga, interaksi dengan masyarakat sekitar Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat, serta sarana dan prasarana yang menunjang untuk proses pemaknaan penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat. 3) Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemaknaan penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat antara lain: peran tokoh masyarakat sebagai motivator dan fasilitator yang belum terlaksana dengan maksimal, kurangnya motivasi belajar dalam diri warga, kurangnya kerja sama antara pihak perangkat Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat dengan pihak lain (interaksi dengan masyarakat), serta keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana yang seharusnya menunjang dalam proses pemaknaan penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari di Desa Suka Pulung Kecamatan Sirapit Kabupaten Langkat.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF THINK PAIR SHARE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN OLEH SISWA KELAS X SMA ESA PRAKARSA KEC. SELESAI
Authors: Lestari Ade , Sembiring Muslim 
Published: March 2022

Dalam strategi pembelajaran kooperatif lebih menitikberatkan pada proses belajar pada kelompok dan bukan mengerjakan sesuatu bersama kelompok. Pembelajaran kooperatif memiliki beberapa tipe, salah satunya yaitu Think-Pair-Share. Model pembelajaran think pair share merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran kooperatif yang mampu mengubah asumsi bahwa metode resitasi dan diskusi perlu diselenggarakan dalam setting kelompok secara keseluruhan. Karakteristik model think pair share siswa dibimbing secara mandiri, berpasangan, dan saling berbagi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif think pair share terhadap hasil belajar PKn oleh siswa kelas X SMA Esa Prakarsa Kec. Selesai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Esa Prakarsa Kec. Selesai. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X yang berjumlah 64 siswa. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X-1 dan siswa kelas X-2 yang masing-masing berjumlah 32 orang siswa. Pada kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai rata-rata tes sebesar 64,4 dengan nilai standar deviasi 9,57. Pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai rata-rata tes sebesar 78,9 dengan besar nilai standar deviasi sebesar 7,6. Kedua data baik pretes maupun postes terbukti berdistribusi normal dan kedua data berjenis homogen Dari hasil perhitungan didapat rhitung sebesar 0.7 sedangkan pada rtabel pada taraf 5% sebesar 0.350. jadi di simpulkan bahwa nilai rhitung > rtabel sehinggga Ho di tolak, dan Ha diterima maka terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif think pair share terhadap hasil belajar PKn oleh siswa kelas X SMA Esa Prakarsa Kec. Selesai.
PEMILIHAN KETUA OSIS DALAM MEMBANGUN KESADARAN SISWA UNTUK MENGGUNAKAN HAK DEMOKRASI DI SMA NEGERI 7 BINJAI
Authors: - Surya Wibawa 
Published: March 2022

Pemilih pemula adalah mereka yang telah berusia 17-21 tahun, mayoritas pemilih pemula adalah pelajar (SMA), mahasiswa dan pekerja muda yang telah memiliki hak suara dan tercantum dalam daftar pemilih tetap (DPT). Pengertian ini menitik beratkan pada interaksi antar siswa dalam pelaksanaan pemilihan osis disekolah dalam mengajarkan partisipasi aktif untuk menggunakan hak demokrasinya. Identifikasi masalah dalam penelitian adalah rendahnya kesadaran siswa sebagai pemilih pemula, rendahnya pemahaman siswa dalam menggunakan hak demokrasi dan kurangnya partisipasi aktif pemilih pemula dalam pemilihan ketua osis. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah pemahaman siswa terhadap pemilihan ketua osis dalam membangun kesadaran untuk menggunakaan hak demokrasi di sma negeri 7 binjai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemilihan ketua osis dalam membangun kesadaran untuk menggunakan hak demokrasinya sebagai pemilih pemula pada pilkada mendatang dalam konteks berdemokrasi dan penerapan sekolah sebagai laboratorium demokrasi.Penelitian mengambil sampel siswa SMA Negeri 7 Binjai kelas X IPA-1. Responden adalah kepala sekolah, guru mata pelajaran PKn, calon ketua osis, dan perwakilan siswa yang telah melaksanakan kegiatan pemilihan osis di SMA Negeri 7 Binjai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metodologi observasi, wawancara langsung dan pengisian angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa siswa harus mempunyai tingkat kesadaran yang tinggi dalam berdemokrasi agar mereka dapat menggunakan hak demokrasinya sebagai awalan untuk menghadapi situasi dalam dunia politik, yakni pada saat pemilihan umum mendatang.
PENGARUH KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIS SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN WHATSAPP GRUP DIMASA PANDEMIC COVID 19 DI SMP NEGERI 2 HINAI
Authors: Nurhayati Siti , Sari Dira Puspita , Afni Khairina 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran dengan menggunakan whatsapp grup terhadap kemandirian belajar matematis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Hinai tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 30 siswa yaitu kelas observasi yang diperoleh dengan secara sampel acak kelas apada siswa kelas VIII. Instrument yang digunakan adalah tes Angket yang terdiri dari 29 butir pernyataan. Berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas diperoleh bahwa kedua populasi berdistribusi normal, dan berdasarkan perhitungan analisis regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan 𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 0,844 ≥ 𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 = 0,361 dengan taraf signifikan 5% yang berarti signifikan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa “ Terdapat Pengaruh Kemandirian Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematis Siswa Dengan Menggunakan Whatsapp Grup” ditinjau dari hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Hinai tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.
Flujo pico espiratorio y su medición pre y post fisioterapia respiratoria en atención primaria
Authors: Chero Pisfil Santos , Díaz Mau Aimeé Yajaira , Sánchez Ávalos Luis Alberto 
Published: March 2022

Las enfermedades pulmonares ocupan un lugar importante en la salud pública y son la mayor causa de morbilidad c´ronica a nivel mundial. Las proyecciones a 2020 ubican dentro de ellas a la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) de la sexta a la tercera causa más común de muerte en el mundo, mientras que el aumento de morbilidad por esta misma enfermedad en el mismo plazo la moviliza del cuarto al tercer lugar. La fisioterapia respiratoria incluye una serie de técnicas cuyo objetivo general es mejorar la ventilación regional, el intercambio de gases y la función de los músculos respiratorios. El flujo pico espiratorio o peak expiratory flow (PEF) refleja el estado de las vías aéreas de gran calibre; es un índice aceptado como medida independiente de la función pulmonar.
Objetivos: Valorar el comportamiento de las enfermedades respiratorias pre y post fisioterapia respiratoria a través de la flujometría. Material y método: Experimental, prospectivo, longitudinal y analítico; diseño explicativo, con una muestra de 80 pacientes de ambos géneros que recibieron FR en atención primaria. Resultados: Mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon en SPSS hubo diferencia significativa, siendo la media del FPE en Enfermedades Pulmonares: restrictivas (215,00 L/min ± 27,048 L/min y 235,50 L/min ± 13,563 L/min), obstructivas (225,50 L/min ± 114,161 L/ min y 241,75 ± 120,461 L/min). Conclusiones: La flujometría es un instrumento de valoración útil y accesible que evidencia los cambios que se presentan en las diferentes enfermedades pulmonares, restrictivas y obstructivas, demostrando variación e influencia del FPE al realizar la fisioterapia respiratoria en los pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares.
L’intime, la rencontre, la tendresse…
Authors: Robine Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2022

Je n’aime pas utiliser le concept de “relation”. Trop large, trop vague. Bien entendu, je sais qu’une relation peut être “soignante”, mais je sais aussi que toute psychopathologie a été créée par la relation. Aussi, pas à pas, j’essaie d’explorer certains composants de la “relation“ thérapeutique qui peuvent focaliser notre intérêt et contribuer à déplier et comprendre ce qui se passe dans ce face à face si spécifique. L’intime est un concept intéressant parce qu’il désigne à la fois au “plus intérieur“ et une manière très particulière d’être très proche avec l’autre. Peut-être que “rencontre“ pourrait être considéré comme une extension de notre paradigme de contact, lorsque le contact naît et se développe entre deux personnes ? Dans notre contexte thérapeutique, on fait souvent référence à “l’amour“. Est-ce une référence appropriée ? Pourquoi pas plutôt la tendresse qui me semble mieux désigner une attitude thérapeutique qui n’exclut pas pour autant la confrontation et la distance. Des pistes à continuer de creuser…
Archive-lensing of fan franchise histories: Chronicle, guide, catalyst
Authors: Comerford Chris , Krikowa Natalie 
Published: March 2022

Archives of fan knowledge for pop-culture franchises serve as important historical repositories of knowledge that are created, curated, and maintained by passionate fans. The archive—both historically and in the contemporary form of the fan wiki—serves as an important motivation in terms of creating further fan knowledge and nostalgically returning to knowledge that has already been historicized. Fan archives serve as important narrative and cultural-history touchstones. We investigate Star Trek's wiki, Memory Alpha; the Battlestar Galactica wiki; and the Xena: Warrior Princess AUSXIP archive as examples of current and historical archives. Collectively, they articulate the concept of archive-lensing, whereby three distinct modes of fan franchise archive engagement can be seen: the archive as chronicle, providing new information; the archive as guide, orienting new and old fans to franchise content; and the archive as catalyst, stoking a return—nostalgic or otherwise—to a franchise that has been dormant.
Twitch (still) plays Pokémon: When spectators become archivists
Authors: Emmanouloudis Argyrios 
Published: March 2022

In 2014, an anonymous user changed the way that game streaming worked. Through the channel of Twitch Plays Pokémon on Twitch, viewers were able to control and play the classic Pokémon Red game in real time. Without any prompt from the stream's management, fans started documenting the stream's history and records. I examine how this case transcends the regular case of user-generated fan art and becomes one of the first examples of pure fan-generated narrative, often through references to archived material.
Psychological Correlates of Disability Among Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Chaudhari Aditi P. , Anukarthika S. , Mazumdar Kaustubh 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is pain that lasts for more than 3 months after the first acute episode of back pain. There is evidence that psychological factors are involved in the response to pain and hence the development of disability. There are very few Indian studies on the subject. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in patients with cLBP, to study the fear avoidance and pain catastrophizing in these patients, and to determine if these factors impact disability due to cLBP.

Methodology:
One hundred consecutive patients of cLBP, aged 18 to 60 years, with no previous psychiatric illness were assessed for depression, anxiety, and somatization using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7, and PHQ -15, respectively. Fear-avoidance beliefs and pain catastrophizing were assessed with the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Pain Catastrophizing Scale, respectively. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire was used to assess the disability. The data were pooled and statistically analyzed using Pearson's Correlation test and multiple regression analysis.

Results:
The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and somatization was 28%, 38%, and 34%, respectively. Fear-avoidance beliefs related to work and physical activity were high among 60% and 26%, respectively. Pain catastrophizing was high among 8% of patients. 32% patients had high disability. Disability correlated significantly with depression, somatization, and fear avoidance (work and physical activity) but following multiple regression analysis, fear-avoidance related to physical activity was the only predictor of disability.

Conclusions:
Disability assessment must be an integral part of the management of cLBP, and patients with high disability may be screened for psychiatric morbidity and fear-avoidance beliefs. The role of targeted interventions for these factors could then be explored.
Task shifting of cardiovascular disease risk assessment to Anganwadi Worker in Northern India
Authors: Unnas  , Kavita  , Thakur Jarnail S. , Ghai Sandhya , Saini Sushma K. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Task shifting in various forms has been adopted extensively around the world in an effort to increase access to CVD risk assessment for early identification of high-risk individuals. Present study explored the feasibility of task shifting of CVD risk assessment by anganwadi workers (AWWs).

Method:
An operational study was carried out with the objective to develop the knowledge and skill of AWWs in CVD risk assessment. The study was carried out in the anganwadi centres of Northern India. A total of 40 AWWs were enrolled by using purposive sampling technique. They were trained in CVD risk assessment till they fully developed the skill. These trained AWW carried out CVD risk assessment among subjects aged ≥40 years. Cohen Kappa was used to determine the reliability of risk assessment by AWWs. Communication skills of AWWs were measured by using a standardized communication checklist.

Result:
Result revealed high interrater reliability of risk scores generated by AWWs and researcher (k = 0.91). Majority of the AWWs (87%) demonstrated good communication skills.

Conclusion:
Study concludes that AWWs can be trained in CVD risk assessment using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts. With proper training and supervision, the task of the CVD risk assessment can be shifted to AWWs.
Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of three different rotary NiTi systems – An in-vitro study
Authors: Geeth Deepika , Arunajatesan Subbiya , Mensudar Rathakrishnan , Rajachandrasekaran Yamini , Vasantharajan Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloys created a revolution in the instrumentation of endodontics. However, they undergo unexpected fracture during the instrumentation of curved root canals due to cyclic fatigue. Hence, innumerable scientific and manufacturing researches are focused on fabricating NiTi rotary instruments with greater cutting efficiency and increased fatigue resistance.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of three different NiTi rotary file systems: Hyflex CM, Endostar E3, and Mani Silk.

Materials and Methods:
In this in-vitro study, 30 Hyflex CM (25/0.06), 30 Mani Silk (25/0.06), and 30 Endostar E3 (25/0.06) instruments were included. The static cyclic fatigue test was performed using a custom-made jig. The artificial canal was made of stainless-steel jig with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 45° angle of curvature, and radii of curvature of 5 mm. All the instruments were rotated according to the manufacturer's recommendations until failure occurred. The time taken to failure was recorded in seconds for each group using a digital chronometer. The data were analyzed statistically using the one-way analysis of variance, Post hoc test of Bonferroni was performed to identify pair-wise significance through SPSS 21.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results:
Hyflex CM had the statistically highest fatigue resistance followed by Mani Silk and Endostar E3 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, it was found that cyclic fatigue resistance of Hyflex CM files was higher than the cyclic fatigue resistance of Mani Silk and Endostar E3 files.
Mathematical Foundations of Machine Learning
Authors: Bartlett Peter L. , Butucea Cristina , Schmidt-Hieber Johannes 
Published: March 2022

Machine learning has achieved remarkable successes in various applications, but there is wide agreement that a mathematical theory for deep learning is missing. Recently, some first mathematical results have been derived in different areas such as mathematical statistics and statistical learning. Any mathematical theory of machine learning will have to combine tools from different fields such as nonparametric statistics, high-dimensional statistics, empirical process theory and approximation theory. The main objective of the workshop was to bring together leading researchers contributing to the mathematics of machine learning.
A focus of the workshop was on theory for deep neural networks. Mathematically speaking, neural networks define function classes with a rich mathematical structure that are extremely difficult to analyze because of non-linearity in the parameters. Until very recently, most existing theoretical results could not cope with many of the distinctive characteristics of deep networks such as multiple hidden layers or the ReLU activation function. Other topics of the workshop are procedures for quantifying the uncertainty of machine learning methods and the mathematics of data privacy.
Comparison between Two Molecular Techniques: Nested and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting 100-kDa Hc Protein for Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum in Environmental Samples
Authors: Gómez Luisa F. , Gade Lalitha , Litvintseva Anastasia P. , McEwen Juan G. , Peláez Carlos A. , Arango Myrtha , Jiménez María del P. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT.
Histoplasmosis, one of the most frequent endemic mycoses in the Americas, is caused by the inhalation of airborne conidia of Histoplasma capsulatum. Better understanding of the distribution of this fungus in the environment is important for the development of appropriate public health measures to prevent human infections. Previously, we used Hc100 nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify H. capsulatum DNA in 10% of environmental samples in Colombia. Here, we validate a 100-kDa real-time PCR assay for the detection of this fungus in the environment. Using this method, we identified H. capsulatum DNA in 80% of samples of raw organic materials, such as chicken manure, soil from caves, and bird and bat guano, as well as in 62% of samples of organic fertilizer that underwent the composting process. We demonstrated that 100-KDa real-time PCR is a useful tool for environmental surveillance that can be used to identify the potential reservoirs of H. capsulatum and to prevent outbreaks, especially in people with the higher risk of exposure, such as spelunkers, farmers, poultry manure collectors, and anyone who handle organic fertilizers or bat and bird excreta.