bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pinus Sylvestris L. Mature Seeds Megamethophytes Cultured in Vitro. Influence of the Genotype and the Growth Regulators Content in Nutrient Medium on the Initiation of Callus Formation
Authors: Chirva Olga Vladimirovna , Ignatenko Roman Viktorovich , Ershova Maria Alekseevna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite the significant progress in forest biotechnology Scots pine still remains difficult for mass propagation via somatic embryogenesis (SE) due to the influence of many factors, such as the genotype and location of the donor plant, the composition of the nutrient medium, including the concentration of growth regulators, etc. Mature seeds were collected from Pinus sylvestris trees growing in the northern (Loukhsky district, Engozerskoye district forestry, natural phytocoenosis) and middle (Prionezhsky district, Petrozavodsk seed orchard) boreal subzone in Karelia (Russia). The influence of various growth regulators content in the composition of the DCR medium on the initiation of callus formation from mature seeds megagametophytes of both habitats was analyzed. Cytogenetic analysis of explants (root meristem of seedlings) showed that the frequency of mitosis pathologies is 4 times, and the proportion of cells with micronuclei is 6 times higher in P. sylvestris plants from a natural phytocoenosis than from Petrozavodsk seed orchard. Nevertheless explants collected from trees growing in the northern boreal subzone more often formed a cell culture (initiation frequency 13.4±2.9%) than megagametophytes from seed orchard (8.83±1.43%). The most active callus formation was registered on medium containing (1) 9 µM benzyladenine and 13.6 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; (2) 9 µM benzyladenine and 2.7 µM 1-naphthylacetic acid.
Soil denitrification response to increased urea concentration constrains nitrous oxide emission factor in a simulated cattle urine patch
Authors: Helgason Bobbi , Reimer Jesse C. , Arcand Melissa M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim
Incorporating non-bloat legumes into grass pastures can reduce enteric methane and alter cattle urinary urea-N output by increasing protein intake. Deposition of high urea-N urine influences soil N-cycling microbes and potentially, N2O production. We studied how urea-N concentration affects soil nitrifier and denitrifier abundance and activity and CO2 and N2O production.
Methods
15N13C-labelled urea dissolved in cattle urine was added at 3.5 and 7.0 g L− 1 to soils from a grazed, non-bloat legume pasture and incubated under controlled conditions. CO2, N2O, 13CO2, and 15N2O production were quantified over 240 h, along with nitrifer and denitrifier N-cycling genes and mRNA transcripts.
Results
High urea urine increased total N2O relative to the control; low urea was not significantly different from the control or the high urea treatment. As a result, N2O-N emission factors decreased from 1.25–0.74% in low vs. high urea treatments. Doubling urea concentration doubled urea-derived 13CO2 and 15N2O but not total N2O. Urine addition initially inhibited, but then increased AOB transcription and abundance. nirK and nirS transcript abundances indicated that denitrification by ammonia oxidizers and/or heterotrophic denitrifiers likely dominated N2O production at a lower-than-expected WFPS (47% & 65%). Urine addition increased nosZ-II vs. nosZ-I transcription, improving soil N2O reduction potential.
Conclusion
Characterizing this interplay between nitrifiers and denitrifiers improves the understanding of urine patch N2O sinks and sources. The smaller emission factor from high urea urine suggests that current inventory methods using N deposition rates could overestimate soil N2O emissions from cattle consuming non-bloat legumes.
Administrative Burden Associated with Cost-Related Delays in Care in U.S. Cancer Patients
Authors: Doherty Meredith , Thom Bridgette , Gardner Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: U.S. cancer patients engage in a range of administrative tasks to pay for their healthcare (e.g., estimating costs, negotiating with insurers, and making sense of bills). This study investigates the relationship between payment tasks and timely access to cancer care. Methods: We administered a web-based survey to 510 cancer patients and survivors, stratified by cancer type and geographic region, to assess their financial and insurance concerns and experiences. Logistic regression was used to determine if there was an independent relationship between number of administrative payment tasks and odds of cost-related delay/nonadherence. Results: Younger patients (£ 44 years) reported more payment tasks and cost-related delays/nonadherence than older patients (³ 55 years); African American patients reported more payment tasks and cost-related delays/nonadherence than white patients. After accounting for age, race/ethnicity, education, and estimated out-of-pocket costs, patients who reported engaging in more tasks had greater odds of delaying or forgoing care due to cost (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.85). Conclusion: Payment tasks increased the odds of cost-related delays and nonadherence by over 50%, taking the form of delayed or skipped doctor appointments, tests and bloodwork, and prescription fulfillment. Younger patients and those identifying as African American were more likely to engage in payment tasks and delay or forgo care due to cost. Administrative burdens can disrupt access to care and traditionally underserved patient populations are disproportionately exposed to these hardships. Reducing the administrative complexity of healthcare through universal, human-centered design could reduce burdens and increase access.
Effect of Drought Stress or Soil pH on Cesium Accumulation in Napier Grass
Authors: Kang Dong-Jin , Tazoe Hirofumi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Radio-cesium (Cs) decontamination efficiency by plants is supposedly affected by environmental conditions. To elucidate the factors influencing the unstable 137Cs-decontamination efficiency, we first examined the influence of drought or soil pH on Cs accumulation using cesium-133 (133Cs) using Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) grown under pot conditions. The experiment was performed on three different conditions with 150 µM 133Cs applied to soil: low pH (L-pH, pH = 5.6 ± 0.0), near-neutral pH (N-pH, pH = 6.6 ± 0.1), and the combination of low pH and drought stress (Drought). Drought stress had prominent negative effects on plant height, aboveground dry matter weight (DWabove), 133Cs concentrations in aboveground or root (Csabove or Csroot) parts, or 133Cs total content in the part aboveground (Cs-T). 133Cs concentration and total content in Drought conditions were reduced by 44.1% and 60.0% aboveground, and 63.6% and 66.0% in root parts compared with counterpart normal soil moisture conditions (L-pH), respectively. Conversely, there were no significant effects of soil pH on Csabove, Csroot, or Cs-T in L-pH and N-pH conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0) and the temperature in leaves were negatively affected by drought stress or soil pH conditions. From our results, drought strongly influenced plant growth and Cs accumulation in plants compared with soil acidity. Therefore, soil moisture appears to be a significant factor in maintaining 137Cs-decontamination efficiency by Napier grass.
The ecological niche of native and invasive fish congeners in Texas streams: evidence from morphology, stable isotope analysis, and stomach contents analysis
Authors: Shepta Erin , Perkin Joshuah S. , Mayes Kevin B. , Schalk Christopher M. , Montana Carmen G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Freshwater invasions have occurred worldwide with significant ecological, evolutionary, and economic impacts on recipient ecosystems. Researchers now have access to a combination of approaches to better identify the potential ecological impacts on recipient communities. We used an integrative approach based on morphological traits, stomach contents, and stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) to examine multiple dimensions of the niche of native Texas cyprinodontids, Red River pupfish (Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis) and plains killifish (Fundulus zebrinus), and their sympatric invasive congeners sheepshead minnow (C. variegates) and gulf killifish (F. grandis). We analyzed specimens from the Brazos River and Red River basins in Texas collected during multiple surveys. Because of their phylogenetic relatedness, we predicted high overlap in the feeding habits and habitat-use between native and invasive congeners. A principal component analysis performed on 24 morphological traits associated with habitat-use and feeding ecology suggested some overlap on trait space occupied by the two Cyprinodon species, but no overlap between the two Fundulus species. High overlap on dietary and isotopic niche space was observed between the native and invasive Cyprinodon and the Fundulus species. Values of δ13C and δ15N ratios revealed that the native and invasive Cyprinodon species occupied virtually identical isotopic niches, while two Fundulus species showed only slight differences. While species differed in their trait space, similarities in the feeding ecology between cyprinodontid congeners could lead to negative ecological interactions related to food resources. Our findings highlight the needs for continued monitoring of invasive cyprinodontids to prevent their spread into upstream reaches of the Brazos River to ensure conservation of native congeners.
Dynamic Network Curvature Analysis of Gene Expression Reveals Novel Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sarcoma
Authors: Tannenbaum Allen , Elkin Rena , Oh Jung Hun , Cruz Filemon Dela , Norton Larry , Deasy Joseph , Kung Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To identify molecular targets that would be missed by more conventional methods of analysis, we applied a novel unsupervised method to cluster gene interactomes represented as networks in pediatric sarcoma. RNA-Seq data were mapped to protein- level interactomes to construct weighted networks that were then subjected to a non-Euclidean, multi-scale geometric approach centered on a discrete notion of curvature. This provides a measure of the functional association between genes in the context of their connectivity. In confirmation of the validity of this method, hierarchical clustering revealed the characteristic EWSR1-FLI1 fusion in Ewing sarcoma. Furthermore, assessing the effects of in silico edge perturbations and simulated gene knockouts as quantified by changes in curvature, we found non-trivial gene associations not previously identified.
Agonistic Tie2 antibody suppresses normal-to-tumor vascular transition in glioblastoma invading zone
Authors: Kim Injune , Lee Eunhyeong , Lee Eun-Ah , Kong Eunji , Chon Haemin , Park Cheon Ho , Park Beom Yong , Kang Nuri , Yoo Jin-San , Lee Hyun-Soo , Kim Hyung Seok , Park Sung-Hong , choi seung won , Vestweber Dietmar , Lee Jeong Ho , Kim Pilhan , Lee Weon Sup 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tumor progression is intimately associated with the vasculature, as tumor proliferation induces angiogenesis and tumor cells metastasize to distant organs via blood vessels. However, whether tumor invasion is associated with blood vessels remains unknown. As glioblastoma (GBM) is featured by aggressive invasion and vascular abnormalities, we characterized the onset of vascular remodeling in the diffusive tumor-infiltrating zone by establishing new spontaneous GBM models with robust invasion capacity. Normal brain vessels underwent a gradual transition to severely impaired tumor vessels at the GBM periphery over several days. Increasing vasodilation from the tumor periphery to tumor core was also found in human GBM. The levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 showed a spatial correlation with the extent of vascular abnormality spanning the tumor invading zone. Blockade of VEGFR2 suppressed vascular remodeling at the tumor periphery, confirming the role of VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling in invasion-associated vascular transition. As ANGPT2 was expressed only in a portion of the central tumor vessels, we developed a ligand-independent Tie2-activating antibody that can phosphorylate Tie2 in vivo. This agonistic Tie2 antibody effectively normalized the vasculature in both the tumor periphery and tumor center, similar to VEGFR2 blockade. Mechanistically, this antibody-based Tie2 activation induced VE-PTP-mediated VEGFR2 dephosphorylation in vivo. Thus, our study reveals that the normal-to-tumor vascular transition spatio-temporally associates with GBM invasion and may be controlled by Tie2 activation with a novel mechanism-of-action.
Regulation of inflammation-mediated endothelial to mesenchymal transition with Echinochrome A for improving myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Chang Woochul , Song Byeong-Wook , Kim Sejin , Kim Ran , Jeong Seongtae , Moon Hanbyeol , Kim Hojin , Vasileva Elena A , Mishchenko Natalia P , Fedoreyev Sergey A , Stonik Valentin A , Lee Min Young , Kim Jongmin , Kim Hyoung Kyu , Han Jin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease induced by myocardial ischemia is caused by excessive oxidative stress, which eventually leads to cell death and tissue damage. Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process by which endothelial cells (ECs) transition into mesenchymal cells (e.g., myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) and induce fibrosis of cells/tissues due to ischemic conditions. Previously, we reported that echinochrome A (EchA) derived from sea urchin shells can modulate cardiovascular disease by promoting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity; however, the mechanism underlying these effects was unclear. Hence, in this study, we investigated the role of EchA in EndMT process by treating human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) with TGF-β2 and IL-1β. We confirmed that EchA treatment in HUVECs reduces cell migration via non-Smad signaling pathways and generally modulates inflammatory and oxidative responses and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we developed an EndMT-induced myocardial infarction (MI) model to investigate the effect of EchA in vivo. After EchA was administered once a day for a total of 3 days, the histological and functional improvement of the myocardium was investigated to confirm the control of the transition to mesenchymal cells. We conclude that EchA negatively regulates early or inflammation-related EndMT and reduces myofibroblast proportion and fibrosis area, indicating it as a potential therapy for cardiac regeneration or cardioprotection from scar formation and cardiac fibrosis due to tissue granulation. Our findings encourage the study of marine bioactive compounds for the discovery of new therapeutics for cardiac recovery after ischemic injury.
Relational victimization, characterological self-blame, and adjustment in young children
Authors: Blakely-McClure Sarah J. , Ostrov Jamie M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The associations between relational victimization, self-blame attributions, and internalizing problems in early childhood has not previously been examined. Using a sample of 116 preschool children, average age 44.05 months (SD = 4.23), multiple informants, multiple methods, and a longitudinal design, path analyses were conducted to explore the associations between relational victimization, self-blame attributions (Characterological Self-Blame[CSB] and Behavioral Self-Blame[BSB]), and maladjustment in early childhood. Concurrent significant associations were found between relational victimization and internalizing problems. The initial longitudinal models revealed some significant effects that were consistent with predictions. Importantly, follow-up tests decomposing internalizing problems, indicated that anxiety at Time 1 was positively and significantly associated with CSB at Time 2. Depression at Time1 was negatively and significantly associated with CSB at Time 2. Implications of this work are discussed.
Levosimendan inhibits disulfide tau oligomerization ameliorating tau pathology in TauP301L-BiFC mice
Authors: Kim Yun Kyung , Pae Ae Nim , Lim Sungsu , Shin Seulgi , Lee Ha Eun , Song Ji Yeon , Sung Yoonsik , Lee Gwan-Ho , Yu Byung-Yong , Aziz Hira , Lukianenko Nataliia , Kim Kyu Hyeon , Jeong Hyeanjeong , Lim Sang Min , Lee Jun-Seok , Ryu Hoon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tau oligomers play critical roles in tau pathology, responsible for neuronal cell death and transmitting the disease in the brain. Accordingly, preventing tau oligomerization becomes an important therapeutic strategy to treat tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease. However, progress has been slow due to difficulties of detecting tau oligomers in cellular context. Toward tau-targeted drug discovery, our group has developed a tau-BiFC platform to monitor and quantify tau oligomerization. By using the tau-BiFC platform, we screened FDA-approved & Passed PhaseI drug library, and identified levosimendan as a potent anti-tau agent inhibiting tau oligomerization. 14C-isotope labeling of levosimendan identified that levosimendan covalently bound to tau cysteines, directly inhibiting disulfide-linked tau oligomerization. In addition, levosimendan was able to disassemble tau oligomers into monomers, rescuing neurons from aggregation states. In comparison, the well-known anti-tau agents, methylene blue and LMTM, failed to protect neurons from tau-mediated toxicity, generating high-molecular-weight tau oligomers. Levosimendan displayed robust potency against tau oligomerization and rescued tauopathy-induced cognitive declines in TauP301L-BiFC mouse model. Our data present the potential of levosimendan as a disease-modifying drug for tauopathies.
Examining Antibiotic Prescribing and Urine Culture Testing for Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in a Primary Care Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) cohort
Authors: Senthinathan Arrani , Craven B. Catharine (Cathy) , Morris Andrew , Penner Melanie , Jaglal Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Study Design: A retrospective cohort study Objectives: To describe antibiotic prescribing and urine culture testing patterns for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a primary care Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) cohort.Setting: A primary care electronic medical records (EMR) database in Ontario.Methods: Using linked EMR health administrative databases to identify urine culture and antibiotic prescriptions ordered in primary care for 432 individuals with SCI from January 1 ,2013 to December 31, 2015. Descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the SCI cohort, and physicians. Regression analyses were conducted to determine patient and physician factors associated with conducting a urine culture and class of antibiotic prescription. Results: The average annual number of antibiotic prescriptions for UTI for the SCI cohort during study period was 1.9. Urine cultures were conducted for 58.1% of antibiotic prescriptions. Fluroquinolones and nitrofurantoin were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. Male physicians and international medical graduates were more likely to prescribe fluroquinolones than nitrofurantoin for UTIs. Early-career physicians were more likely to order a urine culture when prescribing an antibiotic. No patient characteristics were associated with obtaining a urine culture or antibiotic class prescription.Conclusion: Nearly 60% of antibiotic prescriptions for UTIs in the SCI population were associated with a urine culture. Only physician characteristics, not patient characteristics, were associated with whether or not a urine culture was conducted, and the class of antibiotic prescribed. Future research should aim to further understand physician factors with antibiotic prescribing and urine culture testing for UTIs in the SCI population.
HIV-1 infection of human tonsils activates CD4+ T cell oxidative phosphorylation and myeloid NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Freeman Tracey , Zhao Connie , Schrode Nadine , Tweel Benjamin , Fortune Trinisia , Schroff Sanjana , Beaumont Kristin , Swartz Talia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to a chronic, incurable infection that causes immune activation, resulting in chronic inflammation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) despite virologic suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanisms underlying this chronic inflammation are multifactorial, but significant literature supports the role of lymphoid structures as reservoirs for viral latency and centers of immune activation. A systematic analysis of the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes induced by HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue has not been conducted. Human tonsil explants from four distinct donors were infected with HIV-1 ex vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA Seq) was performed to evaluate the represented cell types and the impact of infection, including differential gene expression, and associated inflammatory signaling pathways. Most of the cells (80%) are lymphocytes with nearly equivalent representation from T (38%) and B (42%) lymphocytes. We also identify smaller populations of NK, epithelial, and myeloid cells. CD4+ T cells demonstrated the highest levels of HIV-1 transcript expression. Highly infected CD4+ T cells also exhibited increased expression of genes involved in the respiratory electron transport pathway. Cells in the myeloid compartment that expressed low levels of HIV-1 transcript demonstrated increased expression of genes involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, suggesting that these cells may play a “bystander” role in HIV-associated inflammatory pathogenesis. We propose a model in which HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells activate oxidative phosphorylation pathways, resulting in excess ATP efflux. Bystander myeloid cells may sense the resulting extracellular ATP, thereby triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory signaling pathways, and pyroptotic cell death. These observations support important mechanistic understanding to drive the development of therapeutic and care strategies to eradicate disease in PWH.
Stochastic convergence of ecological footprint: new insights from a unit root test based on smooth transitions and nonlinear adjustment
Authors: Alper Ali Eren , Alper Findik Ozlem , Cil Almila Burgac , Iscan Erhan , Eren Ahmet Arif 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The ecological footprint has currently become a highly popular environmental performance indicator. It provides the basis for setting goals, identifying options for action, and tracking progress toward stated goals. Because the examination of the existence of convergence is important for the climate change protection of the earth, the convergence of ecological footprint and its subcomponents are a major concern for scholars and policymakers.To this end, the aim of this study is to investigate the stochastic convergence of ecological footprint and its subcomponents. We employ the recently developed Hepsag (2021) unit root test that allow nonlinearity and smooth structural change simultaneously to study stochastic convergence in per capita ecological footprint over the period 1961–20118 for the most polluting countries. The results provide mixed evidence of the presence of stochastic convergence in conventional unit root tests such as ADF, KPSS and Fourier KPSS. According to the Hepsag (2021) unit root test results for all countries, built-up land footprint converges except Australia, Malaysia, Poland, and Turkey. Carbon footprint converges for Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, and the USA. Cropland footprint converges for Australia, Canada, China, France, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, the UK, and Vietnam. Fishing grounds footprint converges in Brazil, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, South Africa, and Vietnam. Forest product footprint converges in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Korea, Mexico, Poland, Turkey, and Vietnam. Grazing land footprint converges in Canada, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, and Vietnam. And lastly, the total ecological footprint converges in Canada, France, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, the UK, and the USA.