bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework to interpret co‐occurrence patterns from camera trap data: The case of the gray fox, the bobcat, and the eastern cottontail rabbit in a tropical dry habitat
Authors: Andrade‐Ponce Gabriel Patricio , Mandujano Salvador , Dáttilo Wesley , Farías‐González Verónica , Jiménez José , Velásquez‐C Karen , Zavaleta Arturo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn mammals, ecological interactions are difficult to observe directly, so they are usually inferred from co‐occurrence data. Direct interpretation of co‐occurrence patterns can be complicated since they may be the result of different processes such as habitat selection. We propose a logical framework along with multispecies occupancy models, to distinguish which process or interaction of processes gives rise to co‐occurrence patterns. We also used temporal kernel density estimates to explore the overlap in diel activity patterns, and ecological knowledge of the species as a complement to explain the drivers that generate co‐occurrence. To test our framework, we analyzed three mammal species: the bobcat (Lynx rufus), the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and their potential prey, the eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), in a tropical dry habitat at Tehuacán‐Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Data were collected across 67 camera trap stations that operated from February to August 2018. The best‐fitted model described the spatial interaction between U. cinereoargenteus and L. rufus with S. floridanus; in both cases, the occupancy probability of the predatory species was higher in the presence of their prey than in their absence. Additionally, the three species presented a high overlap in their temporal activity patterns. Based on the knowledge of the species' ecology and our results, we identified that trophic interactions could be an important process shaping the co‐occurrence patterns of these species. In short, our framework highlights that it is possible to discern among the processes that influence the co‐occurrence patterns for species with well‐defined ecological roles, such as in our study system.
Rhetoric, oracy and citizenship: curricular innovations from Scotland, Slovenia and Norway
Authors: Holmes‐Henderson Arlene , Žmavc Janja , Kaldahl Anne‐Grete 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article positions rhetoric as a bridge between oracy and citizenship education. The first comparative curricular study of Scotland, Slovenia and Norway, it demonstrates shared policy aims and practical challenges in the delivery of oracy and citizenship education in these three nations. We argue that the study of rhetoric equips young learners with the skills to think critically, listen actively and speak strategically. But rhetoric goes further than existing policy ambitions for oracy; it includes civic training, and cultivates skills for democratic deliberation and participation in society. Rhetoric empowers young people with the knowledge and skills to construct compelling arguments, and deconstruct the arguments of others, thereby cultivating eloquent and critical citizens. We explore the motivations for the teaching of rhetoric (to learners aged 7–16) in each national educational system, which range from significant coverage (Slovenia) to scant reference (Scotland), with Norway representing the middle ground, and we assess the importance of ancient teachings of rhetoric in contemporary classrooms. We outline the policy and curricular challenges associated with training teachers to teach rhetoric and share testimonies from both staff and students regarding their learning experiences with something which is ‘new’ to many, yet ‘ancient’ to some.
Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in chronic liver disease patients and liver transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo De , Chen Xinpei , Du Juan , Mei Bingjie , Wang Ankang , Kuang Fei , Fang Cheng , Gan Yu , Peng Fangyi , Yang Xiaoli , Dahmen Uta , Li Bo , Song Su 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsChronic liver disease (CLD) patients and liver transplant (LT) recipients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in CLD patients and LT recipients is poorly understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in CLD patients and LT recipients.MethodsWe searched electronic databases for eligible studies. Two reviewers independently conducted the literature search, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. The rates of detectable immune response were pooled from single‐arm studies. For comparative studies, we compared the rates of detectable immune response between patients and healthy controls. The meta‐analysis was conducted using the Stata software with a random‐effects model.ResultsIn total, 19 observational studies involving 4191 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled rates of detectable humoral immune response after two doses of COVID‐19 vaccination in CLD patients and LT recipients were 95% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 88%–99%) and 66% (95% CI = 57%–74%) respectively. After two doses of vaccination, the humoral immune response rate was similar in CLD patients and healthy controls (risk ratio [RR] = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.90–1.02; p = .14). In contrast, LT recipients had a lower humoral immune response rate after two doses of vaccination than healthy controls (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.59–0.77; p < .01).
Conclusions
Our meta‐analysis demonstrated that COVID‐19 vaccination induced strong humoral immune responses in CLD patients but poor humoral immune responses in LT recipients.
Management of NAFLD in primary care settings
Authors: Wong Vincent W.S. , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Cusi Kenneth , Carrieri Patrizia , Wright Eugene , Crespo Javier , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects at least 25% of the general population and is an increasingly important cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although it is the research focus of the hepatology field, it is clear that primary care physicians are seeing the majority of NAFLD patients and are in a pivotal position to provide quality care. In this article, we review the role of primary care in the management of NAFLD. NAFLD is common in patients with diabetes, obesity and other metabolic risk factors. Abdominal ultrasonography is the most commonly used method to diagnose fatty liver. Simple fibrosis scores have high negative predictive values in excluding advanced liver fibrosis and future liver‐related events and can be used in primary care as initial evaluation. An abnormal result should be followed by subsequent workup or specialist referral. Primary care is the ideal setting to institute multidisciplinary care, especially the involvement of dietitians and physical activity trainers in lifestyle intervention, as well as initiating the discussion of bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity. Although specific drug treatment for steatohepatitis would require a more precise diagnosis, metabolic drugs that improve both steatohepatitis and cardiovascular outcomes (e.g. glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists) may be considered in patients with NAFLD.
Dirty Work in Medicine: Understanding U.S. Physicians’ Agency in Contested Medical Practices
Authors: Buchbinder Mara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhysicians who participate in abortion and medically assisted death in the United States work at the margins of institutionalized medicine. What motivates them to engage in such “dirty work”? This article uses ethnographic materials from two recent projects to analyze physicians’ roles as gatekeepers to contested medical services. Abortion and medically assisted death share many similarities: They are both deeply stigmatized practices that are heavily restricted in many U.S. jurisdictions, and which many physicians are reluctant to participate in for moral, religious, or professional reasons. They both also confer medicine with the power to govern life and death decisions through the apparatus of state law. However, state laws operate quite differently on physicians in these two cases, with different outcomes. This comparative analysis demonstrates how dirty work in medicine enrolls the agency and subjectivity of physicians in distinctive ways that may be eclipsed by totalizing biopolitical frameworks.[abortion, medical aid in dying, physicians, agency, biopolitics, United States]
Cytokinin or ethylene regulation of heat‐induced leaf senescence involving transcriptional modulation of WRKY in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Bingru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeat stress is a major abiotic stress for temperate plant species with characteristic symptoms of premature leaf senescence. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physiological effects of cytokinins (CK) and an ethylene inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on heat‐induced leaf senescence in the temperate perennial grass species, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and to investigate whether WRKY transcription factors (TFs) could be associated with CK‐ or ethylene‐mediated regulation of heat‐induced leaf senescence by exogenously applying CK or AVG to perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass plants foliar‐sprayed with 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BA), and AVG exhibited prolonged stay‐green phenotypes and a lesser degree of leaf senescence under heat stress (35/30°C), as shown by a decline in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide content, and increased chlorophyll (Chl) content along with reduced activities of Chl‐degrading enzymes (pheophytinase and chlorophyllase) and increased activity of Chl‐synthesizing enzyme (porphobilinogen deaminase) due to 6‐BA or AVG application. The suppression of heat‐induced leaf senescence by 6‐BA or AVG treatment corresponded with the upregulation of LpWRKY69 and LpWRKY70. The LpWRKY69 and LpWRKY70 promoters were predicted to share conserved cis‐elements potentially recognized by TFs in the CK or ethylene pathways. These results indicate that LpWRKY69 and LpWRKY70 may negatively regulate heat‐induced leaf senescence through CK or ethylene pathways, conferring heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass.
New tech, old exploitation: Gig economy, algorithmic control and migrant labour
Authors: Lata Lutfun Nahar , Burdon Jasmine , Reddel Tim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDigital platforms are the newest technological wave that is reshaping and reconfiguring the economic and labour landscape. Digital platforms often known as the gig economy are increasingly adopting app‐based models to connect consumers with workers to complete their on‐demand tasks. However, on‐demand platforms continue to rely on the unequal division of labour and the precarious nature of the work to create labour markets that can respond accordingly to the increase in service provision. This review highlights two main themes that have emerged within the on‐demand gig economy in the current literature—mythical autonomy and algorithmic control and misclassification of labour and the complexity of migrant workers in navigating this space. Finally, this review calls for further research into the inside/outside dichotomy of migrant labour within the gig economy and their experiences of labour exploitation through app‐based digital platforms.
Born again: Narrating the mental health journeys of religious exiters
Authors: Haire Fio Selwyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReligious exit–also known as disaffiliation, deconversion, or apostasy–from religion is a growing phenomenon in the United States with significant individual and social consequences. In this review, I consult existing literature to clarify the relationship between the process of religious exit and the mental health of exiters. I organize this literature using Ebaugh’s (1988) role‐exit model to frame exiting religion as a multi‐stage process of role‐identity disruption, exit, anomie, and reestablishment, each of which are characterized by changes in mental health. The literature suggests that, beginning with tension between a religious system and the individual, exiters undergo a psychologically and emotionally fraught process of role‐identity transformation typified by a sequence of pre‐exit strains, a turning point at which exit occurs, immediate psychological and social aftermath, and a subsequent lifetime process of reconstruction. Using evidence from exiters' narratives, I argue that the conflict inherent in the process of religious exit catalyzes psychological distress, but that exit provides a mechanism for role‐identity reset that relieves many of the negative mental health effects associated with religious strain.
Impact of deceased organ donor injection drug use on donor culture positivity and recipient outcomes
Authors: Moore Krista , Lautenbach Ebbing , Blumberg Emily A. , Han Jennifer , Lee Dong Heun , Clauss Heather , Hasz Richard , Bilker Warren B. , Molnar Esther , Alimenti Darcy , West Sharon , Tolomeo Pam , Anesi Judith A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States, deceased organ donors increasingly have a history of injection drug use (IDU), raising concerns about infectious risks to solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We sought to determine how recent IDU among deceased organ donors impacted donor culture results and recipient outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed at three transplant centers. Exposed donors were those with “recent IDU” (in the prior 12 months). Primary outcomes included (1) positive donor cultures for bacteria or Candida species, (2) recipient bacterial or Candida infection within 3 months posttransplant, and (3) recipient graft failure or death within 12 months posttransplant. Mixed effects multivariable regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between recent donor IDU and each outcome.ResultsA total of 658 SOT recipients who received organs from 394 donors were included. Sixty‐six (17%) donors had a history of recent IDU. Recent IDU in donors was associated with a significantly increased odds of donor culture positivity (aOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.06–12.60, p = .04) but was not associated with SOT recipient infection (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.71–1.36, p = .92) or graft failure or death (aHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.29–1.51, p = .33).ConclusionDonors with recent IDU are more likely to have positive cultures, but their recipients’ outcomes are unaffected, suggesting organs from donors with recent IDU may be safely utilized.
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The landscape of Chlamydomonas histone H3 lysine 4 methylation reveals both constant features and dynamic changes during the diurnal cycle
Authors: Strenkert Daniela , Yildirim Asli , Yan Juying , Yoshinaga Yuko , Pellegrini Matteo , O'Malley Ronan C. , Merchant Sabeeha S. , Umen James G. 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYChromatin modifications are epigenetic regulatory features with major roles in various cellular events, yet they remain understudied in algae. We interrogated the genome‐wide distribution pattern of mono‐ and trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) using chromatin‐immunoprecipitation followed by deep‐sequencing (ChIP‐seq) during key phases of the Chlamydomonas cell cycle: early G1 phase, Zeitgeber Time 1 (ZT1), when cells initiate biomass accumulation, S/M phase (ZT13) when cells are replicating DNA and undergoing mitosis, and late G0 phase (ZT23) when they are quiescent. Tri‐methylated H3K4 was predominantly enriched at transcription start sites of the majority of protein coding genes (85%). The likelihood of a gene being marked by H3K4me3 correlated with it being transcribed at some point during the life cycle but not necessarily by continuous active transcription, as exemplified by early zygotic genes, which may remain transcriptionally dormant for thousands of generations between sexual cycles. The exceptions to this rule were around 120 loci, some of which encode non‐poly‐adenylated transcripts, such as small nuclear RNAs and replication‐dependent histones that had H3K4me3 peaks only when they were being transcribed. Mono‐methylated H3K4 was the default state for the vast majority of histones that were bound outside of transcription start sites and terminator regions of genes. A small fraction of the genome that was depleted of any H3 lysine 4 methylation was enriched for DNA cytosine methylation and the genes within these DNA methylation islands were poorly expressed. Besides marking protein coding genes, H3K4me3 ChIP‐seq data served also as a annotation tool for validation of hundreds of long non‐coding RNA genes.
The FIBTEM paradox: Do coronary artery bypass grafting patients with high baseline FIBTEM clot firmness need more allogeneic blood transfusion?
Authors: Choi Seung , Mazzeffi Michael A. , Henderson Reney , Mondal Samhati , Morita Yoshihisa , Deshpande Seema , Tanaka Kenichi A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFibrinogen thromboelastometry (FIBTEM) test is clinically used for rotational thromboelastometry as a surrogate measure of fibrinogen. Elevated fibrinogen might confer protection against bleeding after major surgery. This single‐center study was conducted to assess any relationship between baseline FIBTEM value and exposure to allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Study Design and MethodsData were obtained retrospectively from local FIBTEM data and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database between 2016 and 2019. Preoperative FIBTEM 10‐min amplitude (A10) was categorized as low (≤ 18 mm), intermediate (19–23 mm), or high (≥24 mm). The primary outcome was any transfusion during the hospitalization, including red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate. A multivariable regression model was used to adjust for confounders and calculate an odds ratio (OR) for any transfusion.ResultsThe high FIBTEM group included more female and African‐American patients, as well as urgent surgery. The STS predicted risks of morbidity and mortality were greater, and anemia was most prevalent with high FIBTEM. Unadjusted blood transfusion rates were increased with high FIBTEM due to RBC transfusion, but non‐RBC transfusion was highest with low FIBTEM. After adjustments, a lower OR for transfusion was associated with high FIBTEM (0.426; 95% confidence interval, 0.199–0.914) compared to low FIBTEM.ConclusionThe high FIBTEM group frequently presented with anemia and comorbidities, and received more RBCs but not non‐RBC products. Postoperative blood loss was less with high FIBTEM, and after adjustments, it conferred protection against any transfusion.
Allogeneic CD34‐selected stem cell boost as salvage treatment of life‐threatening infection and severe cytopenias after CAR‐T cell therapy
Authors: de Tena Pablo Silva , Bailén Rebeca , Oarbeascoa Gillen , Gómez‐Centurión Ignacio , Pérez‐Corral Ana , Carbonell Diego , Martínez‐Laperche Carolina , Sancho Milagros , Bastos‐Oreiro Mariana , Conde‐Royo Diego , Fernández‐Caldas Paula , Muñoz Cristina , Sabell Santiago , Buño Ismael , Anguita Javier , Díez‐Martín José Luis , Kwon Mi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA variable incidence of profound cytopenia has been described in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy for relapsed or refractory (R/R) B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This complication leads to severe infection in some cases, especially those who present additional risk factors including prior hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Study Design and MethodsWe report a case of breakthrough invasive fungal infection in a patient with prolonged neutropenia after CAR‐T cell therapy administered for relapsed B‐cell ALL after allogeneic haploidentical HSCT.ResultsAfter disease progression was discarded, therapy with antifungal agents, G‐CSF and thrombopoietin analogue was started. However, no sign of haematological recovery or infection improvement was observed. A fresh mobilized selected CD34‐stem cell boost from her haploidentical transplant donor was infused without further conditioning. Within 15 days of mobilized CD34‐boost administration the patient showed complete resolution of both the aplasia and fungal infection.DiscussionThis case illustrates as proof‐of‐concept the efficacy and safety of selected CD34‐stem cell boost from prior donor as salvage treatment of prolonged cytopenias after CAR‐T cell therapy.
Blood products and liver transplantation: A strategy to balance optimal preparation with effective blood stewardship
Authors: Little Christopher J. , Leverson Glen E. , Hammel Laura L. , Connor Joseph P. , Al‐Adra David P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnanticipated transfusion requirements during liver transplantation can delay lifesaving intraoperative resuscitation and strain blood bank resources. Risk‐stratified preoperative blood preparation can mitigate these deleterious outcomes.Study Design and MethodsA two‐tiered blood preparation protocol for liver transplantation was retrospectively evaluated. Eleven binary variables served as criteria for high‐risk (HR) allocation. Primary outcomes included red blood cell (RBC), plasma (FFP), and platelet (Plt) utilization. Secondary outcomes included product under‐ and overpreparation. Contingency tables for transfusion requirements above the population means were generated using 15 clinical variables. Modified protocols were developed and retrospectively optimized using the study population.ResultsOf 225 recipients, 102 received HR preoperative orders, which correlated to higher intraoperative transfusion requirements. However, univariate analysis identified only two statistical risk factors per product: Hgb ≤7.8 g/dl (p < .001) and MELD ≥38 (p = .035) for RBCs, Hgb ≤7.8 g/dl (p = .002) and acute alcoholic hepatitis (p = 0.015) for FFP, and Hgb ≤7.8 g/dl (p = .001) and normothermic liver preservation (p = .037) for Plts. Based on these findings, we developed modified protocols for individual products, which were evaluated retrospectively for their effectiveness at reducing under‐preparatory events while limiting product overpreparation. Cohort statistics were used to define the preparation strategy for each protocol. Retrospective comparative analysis demonstrated the superiority of the modified protocols by improving the under‐preparation rate from 24% to <10% for each product, which required a 1.56‐fold and 1.44‐fold increase in RBC and FFP overpreparation, respectively. Importantly, there was no difference in Plt overpreparation.DiscussionWe report translatable data‐driven blood bank preparation protocols for liver transplantation.
Quantumness and entropic uncertainty in curved space-time
Authors: Li Li-Juan , Ming Fei , Song Xue-Ke , Ye Liu , Wang Dong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe explore the tripartite entropic uncertainty and genuine tripartite quantumness of Dirac fields in the background of the Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) dilation space-time. It is interesting to note that Hawking radiation leads to the decay of quantum nonlocality in the physically accessible region while preserving its total coherence. More importantly, it demonstrates an intrinsic trade-off relationship between the coherences of physically accessible and inaccessible regions. Moreover, we examine the effect of Hawking radiation on entropy-based measured uncertainty and find that stronger Hawking radiation causes the uncertainty in physically accessible regions to increase while decreasing the uncertainty in physically inaccessible regions. Therefore, our investigations may be beneficial to a better understanding of the system’s quantumness in a curved space-time. Combining relativity theory with quantum information science offers new avenues for comprehending the information paradoxes involving black holes.