bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use change and climate dynamics in the Rift Valley Lake Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalew Ayenew D. , Wagner Paul D. , Sahlu Dejene , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLand use and climate dynamics have a pronounced impact on water resources, biodiversity, land degradation, and productivity at all scales. Thus, in this study, we present the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use change and climate aiming to provide a scientific evidence about gains and losses in major land use categories and associated drivers and significancy and homogeneity of climate change. To this end, Landsat images and historical climate data have been used to determine the dynamics. In addition, population census data and land use policy have been considered to assess the potential drivers of land use change. The spatio-temporal land use dynamics have been evaluated using transition matrix and dynamics index. Likewise, shifts in the climate data were analyzed using change point analysis and three homogenous climate zones have been identified using principal component analysis. The results show that, from 1989 to 2019, the areal percentage of agricultural land increased by 27.5%, settlement by 0.8%, and barren land 0.4% while the natural vegetation, wetland, water body, and grass land decreased by 24.5%, 1.6%, 0.5%, and 2.1%, respectively. The land use dynamics have been stronger in the first decade of the study period. An abrupt shift of climate has occurred in the 1980s. In the last four decades, rainfall shows a not significant decreasing trend. However, a significant increasing trend has been observed for temperature. Rapid population growth, agricultural expansion policy, and climate variability have been identified as the underlying drivers of land use dynamics.
How Social Capital is Related to Migration Between Communities?
Authors: Lőrincz László , Németh Brigitta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn addition to economic and infrastructural factors, social connections of people also influence migration patterns. This influence can be attributed to the resources that are made available by social contacts: social capital, which can also be utilized in the process of migration. Based on previous literature, we identify three different aspects of social capital and test their relationship with domestic migration simultaneously. First, we analyse if the intensity of connections within communities (local social capital) restrains from migration. Second, if the intensity of connections between two communities (bridging social capital) is associated with increased migration between them. Finally, we consider, if the extent to which local community networks exhibit open or closed structures (bonding social capital) contributes to higher or lower migration rates. We create indicators for these measures using archived online social network data, covering 40% of the adult population of Hungary, and combine them with official migration data of 175 subregions. Based on point-to-point gravity and negative binomial models, we find that bridging social capital between subregions is associated with increased migration flows, but we do not find that local social capital restrains from migration.
Quantum gravity and the zero point length
Authors: Nicolini Piero 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an overview of some of the existing issues of the research in quantum gravity. We also introduce the basic ideas that led Padmanabhan to consider a duality property in path integrals. Such a duality is consistent with the T-duality in string theory. More importantly, the path integral duality discloses a universal feature of any quantum geometry, namely the existence of a zero point length $$L_0$$

L
0

. We also comment about recent developments aiming to expose effects of the zero point length in strong electrodynamics and black holes. There are reasons to believe that the main characters of the phenomenology of quantum gravity may be described by means of a single parameter like $$L_0$$

L
0

.
Enhancing the physical, optical and shielding properties for ternary Sb2O3–B2O3–K2O glasses
Authors: Soraya M. M. , Ahmed Fatma. B. M. , Mahasen M. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTernary Sb2O3–B2O3–K2O glass system, with general composition of x Sb2O3–(70-x) B2O3–30 K2O (where x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50) were prepared using melt-quenching technique. Structures of these glasses were investigated using XRD analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The optical properties were investigated using the UV–Vis NIR JASCO (Model V-670) Double Beam Spectrophotometer. Different physical parameters, such as density (ρ), molar volume (VM), oxygen molar volume (VO) and oxygen packing density values (OPD) have been estimated. Also, the Gamma radiation shielding ability have been characterized for the investigated glasses using Phy-X/PSD software in the photon energy range (0.015–15 MeV). XRD analysis confirm the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. The optical energy gap of SBK glasses is decreasing from 4 to 2.63 eV with increasing Sb2O3content while refractive index is increasing from 2.17 to 2.5 because of increasing the non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) in the glass matrix. The molar refractivity (Rm), molar polarizability (αm) and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility valuesχ3have been calculated, their values are found to increase with increasing Sb2O3content. Glass density and molar volume values for the SBK glasses increase with increasing Sb2O3content. Increasing the Sb2O3concentration enhance the radiation shielding features of the prepared glasses against gamma rays and neutrons. Hence, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increases from 8.6 to 35.4 cm2/gm while the half value layer (HVL) decreases from 0.036 to 0.0046 cm at 0.015 MeV as the Sb2O3concentration increases from 0 to 50 mol%. The fast neutron cross section of the six investigated SBK glasses are (0.087, 0.092, 0.095, 0.091, 0.094 and 0.092 cm−1), respectively.
A fully human anti-c-Kit monoclonal antibody 2G4 inhibits proliferation and degranulation of human mast cells
Authors: Kim Kwang-Hyeok , Kim Jin-Ock , Park Sang Gyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven that mast cells are pivotal contributors to allergic diseases, various allergy treatments have been developed to inhibit them. Omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, is a representative therapy that can alleviate allergy symptoms by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. However, omalizumab cannot reduce the proliferation and accumulation of mast cells, which is a fundamental cause of allergic diseases. c-Kit is essential for the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of mast cells. Excessive c-Kit activation triggers various mast cell diseases, such as asthma, chronic spontaneous urticaria, and mastocytosis. Herein, we generated 2G4, an anti-c-Kit antibody, to develop a therapeutic agent for mast cell diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of 2G4 antibody was evaluated in LAD2, a human mast cell line. 2G4 antibody completely inhibited c-Kit signaling by blocking the binding of stem cell factor, known as the c-Kit ligand. Inhibition of c-Kit signaling led to the suppression of proliferation, migration, and degranulation in LAD2 cells. Moreover, 2G4 antibody suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and complement component C5/C5a, which can exacerbate allergy symptoms. Taken together, these results suggest that 2G4 antibody has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for mast cell diseases.
Smartphone application use in commercial wild capture fisheries
Authors: Calderwood Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmartphones are increasingly the most common type of mobile phone used throughout the world, offering users the ability to browse the internet and access mobile applications. Smartphones are also often equipped with high definition digital cameras, accelerometers, gyroscopes, and GPS. They can, therefore, facilitate the collection and dissemination of data, often through purpose designed applications (apps). As a result, numerous apps have been developed for use in wild capture fisheries. These apps have been designed for a number of purposes including for data collection, providing information to fishers, being linked to value chains and post-harvest practices and for uses linked to employment, legislation and safety. These apps are used across the world from large commercialized fisheries to small scale fisheries. In the latter, apps have the potential to bridge a technology gap, possibly replicating the functions of multiple pieces of hardware such as are used on larger vessels. This paper presents results from a narrative literature review to provide a synthesis of smart phone apps currently available for use by commercial fishers. 84 smartphone apps were identified as being currently available for use in commercial wild capture fisheries throughout the world. Smartphone apps were available for a number of uses but they were predominantly used for data collection and reporting. While this review provides an important overview of the extent of app use in commercial wild capture fisheries there remains potential for future work to improve understanding of how beneficial app use is and what it is that encourages app use and determines an app as being ‘successful’.
Forest-Based Networks
Authors: Huber K. T. , Moulton V. , Scholz G. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn evolutionary studies, it is common to use phylogenetic trees to represent the evolutionary history of a set of species. However, in case the transfer of genes or other genetic information between the species or their ancestors has occurred in the past, a tree may not provide a complete picture of their history. In such cases,tree-based phylogenetic networkscan provide a useful, more refined representation of the species’ evolution. Such a network is essentially a phylogenetic tree with some arcs added between the tree’s edges so as to represent reticulate events such as gene transfer, hybridization and recombination. Even so, this model does not permit the direct representation of evolutionary scenarios where reticulate events have taken place between different subfamilies or lineages of species. To represent such scenarios, in this paper we introduce the notion of aforest-based network, that is, a collection of leaf-disjoint phylogenetic trees on a set of species with arcs added between the edges of distinct trees within the collection. Forest-based networks include the recently introduced class ofoverlaid species forestswhich can be used to modelintrogression. As we shall see, even though the definition of forest-based networks is closely related to that of tree-based networks, they lead to new mathematical theory which complements that of tree-based networks. As well as studying the relationship of forest-based networks with other classes of phylogenetic networks, such as tree-child networks and universal tree-based networks, we present some characterizations of some special classes of forest-based networks. We expect that our results will be useful for developing new models and algorithms to understand reticulate evolution, such as introgression and gene transfer between species.
A computational theory of evaluation processes in apathy
Authors: Rigoli Francesco , Martinelli Cristina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComputational modelling can offer valuable insight on mental illness. However, this approach has rarely been adopted to investigate apathy, a condition characterising a variety of psychiatric and neurological syndromes. This paper proposes a computational model of apathy and tests key model predictions in the healthy adult population. Building upon recent reference-dependent theories of evaluation, the model interprets apathy as arising from an excessive uncertainty about the distribution of incentives in the environment. This predicts that high-apathy individuals appraise the value of stimuli as less extreme and as more similar to one another. These predictions were assessed in two online studies where healthy adults rated the value of pictures characterised by varying levels of emotional salience. In line with the model, we observed that high-apathy individuals perceive negative stimuli as less negative, positive stimuli as less positive, and discriminate less among stimuli characterised by different salience. The contribution of this paper is twofold. On a more specific level, it sheds light on the precise mechanisms underlying evaluation processes in apathy. On a more general level, it highlights the insight offered by models of reference-dependent evaluation for understanding psychopathology.
No Evidence for an Effect of the Smell of Hexanal on Trust in Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Croijmans Ilja , van Erp Laura , Bakker Annelie , Cramer Lara , Heezen Sophie , Van Mourik Dana , Weaver Sterre , Hortensius Ruud 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe level of interpersonal trust among people is partially determined through the sense of smell. Hexanal, a molecule which smell resembles freshly cut grass, can increase trust in people. Here, we ask the question if smell can be leveraged to facilitate human–robot interaction and test whether hexanal also increases the level of trust during collaboration with a social robot. In a preregistered double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we tested if trial-by-trial and general trust during perceptual decision making in collaboration with a social robot is affected by hexanal across two samples (n = 46 and n = 44). It was hypothesized that unmasked hexanal and hexanal masked by eugenol, a molecule with a smell resembling clove, would increase the level of trust in human–robot interaction, compared to eugenol alone or a control condition consisting of only the neutral smelling solvent propylene glycol. Contrasting previous findings in human interaction, no significant effect of unmasked or eugenol-masked hexanal on trust in robots was observed. These findings indicate that the conscious or nonconscious impact of smell on trust might not generalise to interactions with social robots. One explanation could be category- and context-dependency of smell leading to a mismatch between the natural smell of hexanal, a smell also occurring in human sweat, and the mechanical physical or mental representation of the robot.
Simulation of satellites and constellations for the assessment of collision avoidance operations
Authors: Burgis Simon , Rohrmüller Lukas , Michel Martin , Bertrand Reinhold 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe recent rapid increase in the satellite population in low Earth orbit (LEO) causes the number of conjunctions between operational spacecraft to increase sharply as well. In order to be able to cope with the associated workload in the future, it is necessary to define precise and acceptable rules that determine which spacecraft has to evade and how the avoidance manoeuvres shall be performed. To enable the assessment of different conceivable rule sets, a holistic simulation framework has been developed within the “Rules4CREAM” (R4C) activity at the Technical University of Darmstadt. Based on current and expected trends in growth and distribution of satellites in LEO, long-term propagation in the order of years can be performed for arbitrary satellite populations with the R4C framework which enables the generation of realistic conjunction data. This paper presents the core modules of this simulation framework. The satellites are described by osculating Keplerian orbits and analytical models are implemented to represent the most dominant perturbations in LEO. Different modes of station keeping are depicted within the satellite operations module of the simulation. For constellations, a generic model has been developed that is able to model the simultaneous deployment of multiple constellation planes as well as other operational key aspects specific to constellations. The models are validated with other simulations and real-life data. Finally two methods for the all-on-all conjunction detection are examined and the number of detected conjunctions is compared.
Laser Fusion of Powder and Foil – a Multi Material Approach to Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Rittinghaus Silja-Katharina , Throm Felix , Wilms Markus B. , Hama-Saleh Rebar , Rackel Marcus W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMulti material additive manufacturing (MM-AM) is an attractive approach to combine the geometric flexibility in particular of powder bed based AM processes with functional integration. A major limitation of multi-material laser powder bed fusion (MM-LPBF) approaches is the risk of powder contamination. In the present study, the implementation of a concept for manufacturing of multi material parts is demonstrated. A new type of device is contructed, and the new process is tested fundamentally and gradually by experimental means. Aspects investigated include machine and process feasibility, bonding issues, and dilution. Microstructural analysis reveals the successful build of multimaterial basic geometries out of steel powder (316L stainless steel) and both nickel-based alloy and copper foil. This provides a new process whose further research offers high potential for numerous multi-material applications.
Subjective Job Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy
Authors: Nappo Nunzia , Fiorillo Damiano , Lubrano Lavadera Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article studies subjective job insecurity in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused structural, economic and policy changes. It employs data drawn from the “Extraordinary Survey on Italian Families in 2020” released by the Bank of Italy in 2021. The work estimates a zero one inflated beta model (ZOIB). The main results show that (1) worsening household economic conditions is associated with an increase in householder workers subjective job insecurity; (2) receiving a wage guarantee fund in 2019 is associated with an increase in subjective job insecurity; and (3) increasing the number of people working from home within the household is associated with an increase in subjective job insecurity. Moreover, having a temporary contract and working in the private sector is associated with an increase in subjective job insecurity.
The Securitization of Global Environmental Policy: An Argument Against
Authors: Gordeeva Evgenia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArguing from the traditional point of view with regard to the concept of securitization, this work analyses the effects securitization has on international environmental policy on the example of four case studies—the Rio Conference, the climate change regime, the ozone depletion regime as well as the fragmented forest regime. Contrasting securitization to the variables of regime complexity and the national interest, its twofold effects become evident. While succeeding in “raising the stakes” of an issue, securitization at the same time provokes conflicts between either the actors involved (e.g., forest convention negotiations) or the actors and the regime itself (e.g., climate change regime).
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B and C Among a Sample of Refugees in Egypt: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: El-Ghitany Engy Mohamed , Ashour Ayat , Fekry Marwa M. , Elrewany Ehab , Farghaly Azza Galal , Omran Eman A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEstimating the prevalence of infectious diseases, including viral hepatitis, among refugees is important for evaluating their health needs and predicting the burden on the health system of the host country. This study aimed at estimating the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis among refugees in Egypt.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved a heterogeneous group of 501 refugees. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect IgG antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV), B virus (HBV) surface antigen (anti-HBsAg), C virus (HCV), and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg).ResultsAnti-HAV was the most prevalent marker (n = 482, 96.2%), followed by anti-HBs (n = 142, 28.3%) and HBsAg (n = 21, 4.2%), while only four refugees (0.8%) had positive anti-HCV IgG. Anti-HBs was higher in males (p < 0.05). Older refugees and non-working subjects had significantly higher seropositive rates of anti-HAV (p = 0.051 andp = 0.023, respectively), while students and those below 15 years of age had higher rates of anti-HBs (p < 0.05). Positive HBsAg results were associated with history of hepatitis (p < 0.001). Obese participants were more likely to be positive for HBsAg (p = 0.025) and anti-HBs (p < 0.05). Sudanese refugees had significantly higher rates of anti-HAV antibodies (p = 0.049), while Yemini refugees had significantly higher rates for HBsAg (p = 0.019) positivity. Residents of Dakahlia had significantly higher rates of anti-HAV (p = 0.008) and anti-HBs (p < 0.05). None of the studied risk factors was significantly associated with anti-HCV.ConclusionRefugees in Egypt have poor immunity against HBV with intermediate to high HBV and low HCV prevalence rates. Despite that 65% of refugees received the HAV vaccine, almost all had IgG anti-HAV, denoting previous infection.
NOWHERE-ZERO -FLOWS IN TWO FAMILIES OF VERTEX-TRANSITIVE GRAPHS
Authors: ZHANG JUNYANG , TAO YING 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet
$\Gamma $
be a graph of valency at least four whose automorphism group contains a minimally vertex-transitive subgroup G. It is proved that
$\Gamma $
admits a nowhere-zero
$3$
-flow if one of the following two conditions holds: (i)
$\Gamma $
is of order twice an odd number and G contains a central involution; (ii) G is a direct product of a
$2$
-subgroup and a subgroup of odd order.
Inhibition of Hsp90 during in vitro maturation under thermoneutral or heat shock conditions compromises the developmental competence of bovine oocytes
Authors: Souza Eliza Diniz de , Silva e Souza Jessica Fernanda da , Oliveira Netto Pedro Manoel de , Carvalheira Luciano de Rezende , Batista Ribrio Ivan Tavares Pereira , Quintão Carolina Capobiango Romano , Louro Iuri Drumond , Camargo Luiz Sergio Almeida 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is critical for cell homeostasis but its role on bovine oocyte maturation is not well known. We investigated the importance of Hsp90 for competence of bovine oocyte using 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), an inhibitor of Hsp90, during in vitro maturation (IVM). Three experiments evaluated the effect of 17AAG on developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro under thermoneutral (38.5ºC) or heat shock (HS; 41.5ºC) temperatures. The first experiment found that the blastocyst rates were lower (P < 0.05) with 2 µM 17AAG compared with the untreated control (0 µM). The abundance of HSF1 transcripts was higher in oocytes matured with 2 µM than with 0 and 1 µM 17AAG, whereas the abundance of HSP90AA1 and HSPA1A transcripts was lower (P < 0.05) with 1 and 2 µM than with 0 µM. The second experiment found that 2 µM 17AAG for 12 or 24 h during IVM decreased (P < 0.05) the blastocysts rates. In the third experiment, the association of 2 μM 17AAG with HS for 12 h during IVM resulted in lower (P < 0.05) blastocysts rates than 17AAG, HS or untreated control. In conclusion, inhibition of Hsp90 during in vitro maturation compromises further embryo development; the association of Hsp90 inhibition with HS aggravates the deleterious effect of both on oocyte developmental competence.