bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siarka organiczna i pirytowa: metody wydzielania i oceny ilościowej. Wpływ zawartości siarki organicznej na energię aktywacji kerogenu
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Wencel Kinga 
Published: February 2022

Siarka organiczna odgrywa ogromną rolę w procesach diagenezy substancji organicznej, wpływając na tempo jej termicznych przemian. Oszacowanie ilości siarki organicznej w kerogenie pozwala na lepsze zrozumienie mechanizmów generacji węglowodorów. Standardowe metody izolacji kerogenu przy użyciu kwasów HCl/HF usuwają większość minerałów i często pozostawiają znaczne ilości pirytu, który stanowi przeszkodę w określeniu składu pierwiastkowego kerogenu i rozkładu grup funkcyjnych. Głównym zagadnieniem pracy było oszacowanie ilości siarki organicznej i pirytowej w kerogenie w sposób niepowodujący istotnych przemian w próbce wyjściowej. W celu usunięcia siarki pirytowej w wybranych próbkach zastosowano metody tradycyjne zakładające wykorzystanie kwasu azotowego oraz metodę redukcji kwaśnym roztworem chlorku chromu(II) (ang. chromium reducible sulphur, CRS), przeprowadzaną w inertnej atmosferze w specjalnie skonstruowanej komorze rękawicowej. Siarkę pirytową ekstrahowaną HNO3 i utlenianą do siarczanów oznaczano wagowo w formie strąconej jako BaSO4 lub za pomocą miareczkowania redoksometrycznego roztworem K2Cr2O7 jako siarkę związaną z żelazem. Zastosowanie kwaśnego roztworu CrCl2 powoduje wydzielenie H2S, który jest wprowadzany do roztworu Zn(CH3COO)2, gdzie siarka wytrąca się w postaci ZnS, a następnie jej ilość jest oznaczana jodometrycznie za pomocą Na2S2O3. Porównano wykorzystane metody pod kątem ich praktycznego zastosowania, powtarzalności wyników oraz wpływu na analizowaną próbkę. Analiza elementarna badanego materiału przed usunięciem i po usunięciu siarki pirytowej oraz obliczenie stosunków atomowych H/C, O/C, N/C, S/C wykazały przemiany zachodzące w substancji organicznej po zastosowaniu metod utleniających. W przeciwieństwie do metod tradycyjnych użycie roztworu CrCl2 nie powoduje takich przemian, co pozwala na dalsze analizy wymagające uprzedniego usunięcia pirytu z kerogenu. Podjęto próbę korelacji ilości siarki organicznej z energią aktywacji kerogenu wyznaczoną na aparacie Rock-Eval. Zauważono wpływ trawienia próbki kwasami na określanie energii aktywacji kerogenu, której wartość wzrasta wraz z użyciem próbek poddanych kolejnym etapom preparatyki, obejmującym izolację kerogenu i usunięcie siarki pirytowej.
Overview of metabolomic markers used for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Astafyeva O. V. , Zharkova Z. V. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Nikitina I. B. , Goretova I. V. , Fedoseev I. V. , Bashkina O. A. , Samotrueva M. A. 
Published: February 2022

At present, metabolomics is an intensively developing approach to the specific diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic analysis allows the study of complete metabolomic profiles and their deviations resulting from changes, for example, gene and RNA expression, protein activity, or environmental factors. Analysis of the metabolomic blood profile helps in solving a large number of scientific and clinical problems, one of which is the search for markers of diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Aim of the study was to investigate metabolomic markers used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases on the basis of literature data. Material and methods. The literature data was analyzed for key words: cardiovascular diseases, metabolomics, metabolic profile, metabolomic markers in da- tabases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, PatentDB, Science Direct Open Access, eLibrary. Results. Analysis of literature data and patent search confirms the high importance of metabolomic markers in the diagnosis of CVD. In the patent literature, BNP/NT-proBNP is most common used as a metabolic marker of CVD (11.27 %). The use of CRP (8.99 %) and troponin (8.49 %) is also common. PICP (0.02 %), sVCAM-1 (0.09 %), stimulating growth factor ST-2 (0.12 %) and thrombomodulin (0.12 %) as metabolic markers of CVD. Conclusions. Against the backdrop of analytical methods, metabolomics is the most important diagnostic area. At the same time, it should be noted that by combining the results of the analysis of metabolic studies with others, for example, genomic and proteomic, one can get a complete picture of the pathogenesis of diseases, assess the risk of complications, and also determine the effectiveness of the treatment.
MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGKLASIFIKASIKAN BENDA MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI MODEL EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION, EXAMPLES NON EXAMPLES DENGAN MEDIA KONKRIT
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Permatasari Nina 
Published: February 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi belum berkembangnya kemampuan anak mengelompokan benda sesuai bentuk, warna dan ukuran yang ditandai dengan sedikitnya aktivitas anak dalam menstimulus kemampuan kognitif karena kegiatan hanya terpaku pada aktivitas penggunaan pensil dan kertas, selain itu kurangnya penggunaan media pembelajaran menarik sehingga anak cepat bosan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru, aktivitas anak serta hasil pengembangan anak. Pendekatan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan 3 kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok B berjumlah 12 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan guru dengan kriteria sangat baik pada pertemuan 1 sampai pertemuan 3 meningkat dari 23 hingga 28. Aktivitas anak dengan kriteria sangat aktif yakni meningkat dari 33% hingga 92%. Hasil capaian kognitif di pertemuan 1 sampai pertemuan 3 meningkat dari 25% sampai dengan 92%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mengelompokan benda sesuai variasi warna, bentuk dan ukuran menggunakan kombinasi model Explicit Instruction, Exampless Non Examples dengan Media Konkrit pada kelompok B Raudhatul Athfal Sultan Suriansyah berhasil. Disarankan model ini dijadikan salah satu alternatif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas guru, aktivitas anak yang berdampak pada hasil perkembangan kognitif anak.Kata Kunci: Kognitif, Explicit Instruction, Examples Non Examples, Media Konkrit. AbstractThis research is motivated by the undeveloped ability of children to group object according to shape, color and size which is indicated by the lack of children's activity in stimulating cognitive ability because activities are only focused on using pencils and paper activity, besides the lack of use of interesting learning media so that children get bored quickly. The purpose of the study was to describe the teacher activity, children activity and the result of child development. The approach uses descriptive qualitative with the type of Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was held 3 times in meetings. The research subjects were 12 children in group B. The result showed that the ability of teacher with very good criteria at meeting 1 to 3 increased from 23 to 28. The activity of children with very active criteria increased from 33% to 92%. The cognitive achievement result in meeting 1 to meeting 3 increased from 25% to 92%. It can be concluded that grouping object according to variation in color, shape and size using a combination of Explicit Instruction, Exampless Non Examples with Concrete Media models in group B Raudhatul Athfal Sultan Suriansyah was successful. It is recommended that this model be used as an alternative in increasing teacher activities, children's activities that have an impact on the results of children's cognitive development.Keywords: Cognitive, Explicit Instruction, Examples Non Examples, Concrete Media
Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Cefazolin Is Associated with Lower Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infection Rates Than Non-Cefazolin Alternatives
Authors: Marigi Erick M. , Bartels Douglas W. , Yoon Joo Hee , Sperling John W. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Although prophylactic antibiotics are considered the standard of care, data with regard to the comparative efficacy of specific antibiotics in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) have remained limited. This study evaluated whether perioperative antibiotic choice affects rates of PJI development in shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:
From 2000 to 2019, all primary shoulder arthroplasty types (hemiarthroplasty, anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, reverse shoulder arthroplasty) performed for elective and trauma indications with perioperative antibiotic data and a minimum follow-up of 2 years were identified from a single institution. Demographic characteristics, PJI risk factors, and PJI-free survivorship data were retrieved. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine the association between the antibiotic administered and the development of PJI.

Results:
Of 7,713 shoulder arthroplasties, cefazolin was administered in 6,879 procedures (89.2%) and non-cefazolin antibiotics consisting of vancomycin (465 procedures [6.0%]), clindamycin (345 procedures [4.5%]), and alternative regimens (24 procedures [0.31%]) were administered in 834 procedures (10.8%). PJIs occurred in 101 shoulder arthroplasties (1.3%), with Cutibacterium acnes as the most common pathogen (44 procedures [43.6%]). PJI-free survivorship was greater in shoulder arthroplasties in which cefazolin was administered compared with those in which non-cefazolin antibiotics were administered, with 0.91% greater survival free of PJI at 1 month, 1.4% at 1 year, and 2.7% at 15 years (p < 0.001). Cefazolin administration, compared with non-cefazolin administration, was associated with a 69% reduction in all-cause PJI risk and a 78% reduction in C. acnes PJI risk (p < 0.001). A higher risk of PJI for both groups was observed with vancomycin; the hazard ratio [HR] was 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 4.40; p = 0.010) for all-cause PJI and 2.94 (95% CI, 1.12 to 7.49; p = 0.028) for C. acnes PJI. A higher risk of PJI was also observed for both groups for clindamycin; the HR was 5.07 (95% CI, 2.83 to 9.05; p < 0.001) for all-cause PJI and 8.01 (95% CI, 3.63 to 17.42; p < 0.001) for C. acnes PJI.

Conclusions:
In primary shoulder arthroplasty, cefazolin administration was associated with a significantly lower rate of PJI compared with non-cefazolin alternatives, including both vancomycin and clindamycin. These risk discrepancies were observed across all infectious pathogens and may be considered even greater when C. acnes was the infecting bacterium.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Rainfall Triggering of Post-Fire Debris Flows over a 28-Year Period near El Portal, California, USA
Authors: De Graff Jerome V. , Staley Dennis M. , Stock Greg M. , Takenaka Kellen , Gallegos Alan L. , Neptune Chad K. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Wildfires frequently affect the steep hillslopes near El Portal, California (United States), a small community established during the California Gold Rush in the mid-1800s. In addition to the historical significance of El Portal, State Route 140 (SR 140) is a major transportation and economic corridor connecting the San Joaquin Valley to Yosemite National Park (YNP). In 2019, an estimated 4.5 million tourists visited and accessed YNP via SR 140. In the years after wildfires, the burned watersheds produced debris flows during intense rainfall, impacting the El Portal community and motorists traveling on SR 140 and local roads. The steepness of the hillslopes and confinement of the valley limit options for mitigating debris-flow risk. As such, emergency managers are left with evacuation orders or temporary road closures as the best options for risk reduction. The effectiveness of these options is highly dependent on establishing an accurate local rainfall intensity-duration threshold that officials can use to guide emergency response actions and timing. We present an overview of the rainfall conditions that initiated 12 post-fire debris-flow events near El Portal from 1991 to 2018 and objectively define rainfall intensity-duration thresholds from triggering rainfall rates. Our results highlight the modest rainfall rates that triggered debris flows in these steep watersheds, while radar data from more recent events (2012–2018) portray the spatial variability of intense rainfall in the area. Additional rainfall monitoring is needed to provide a robust rainfall threshold that will effectively mitigate risk for residents and motorists while minimizing the impact of road closures and evacuations.
Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia among the southern Thai population: A preliminary study
Authors: Jeenduang Nutjaree , Nuinoon Manit , Ratanawan Chutima 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease. The prevalence of FH among the Thai population has not been reported. This study investigated the prevalence of FH by using the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) cutoff of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN), as well as the LDL-C cutoff of the US Make Early Diagnosis to Prevent Early Deaths (MEDPED) criteria.MethodsThis retrospective study used health checkup data from 2015 from the southern Thai population. A total of 1,480 participants (335 males and 1,145 females) aged 18–94-years-old from southern Thailand were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric, demographic, and biochemical data were measured. Additionally, FH was defined by using the DLCN and the US MEDPED criteria.ResultsWith the use of the DLCN, 7 subjects were identified as having probable FH, and the estimated prevalence of FH was 0.47% (1:211). By using the US MEDPED, 6 subjects were identified as having definite FH, and the estimated prevalence of FH was 0.41% (1:247). Most of the subjects with probable FH (71.43%) and definite FH (83.33%), as defined by the DLCN and the US MEDPED, respectively, did not take the lipid-lowering drug.ConclusionsThe prevalence of FH among the population in southern Thailand was between 1:211-1:247. Most FH subjects in Thailand may be underdiagnosed and undertreated. Thus, the early detection and treatment of FH should be implemented to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease.
Impact of HCV viremia on HBV biomarkers in patients coinfected with HBV and HCV
Authors: Tseng Chih-Wei , Liu Wen-Chun , Chen Chi-Yi , Chang Ting-Tsung , Tseng Kuo-Chih 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) biomarkers reflect the status of HBV infection; however, their role in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV) coinfection remains unknown. This study evaluated the characteristics of HBV biomarkers in patients with chronic HBV/HCV coinfection.Methods: One hundred untreated HBV/HCV coinfected patients were enrolled. Active viral infection was defined as viral load above 2,000 U/L and 15 U/L for HBV and HCV, respectively. Blood samples were analyzed for HBV biomarkers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg), HBV DNA, and HBV pregenomic RNA (HBV pgRNA). The impact of HCV viremia was also studied. Results: A total of 15 patients were HBV-inactive/HCV-inactive, 63 patients were HBV-inactive/HCV-active, 14 patients were HBV-active/HCV-inactive and 8 patients were HBV-active/HCV-active. A total of 71 (71%) patients were active HCV and 22 (22%) were active HBV. HBsAg, HBcrAg, and HBV DNA correlated with each other (P < 0.001). HBV pgRNA displayed no correlations with HBV DNA, HBsAg, or HBcrAg. Patients with HCV viremia had significantly lower HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBcrAg levels as well as higher HBV pgRNA levels and lower HBV DNA:pgRNA ratio than those without viremia (HBV DNA, P < 0.001; HBsAg, P = 0.015; HBcrAg, P = 0.006; HBV pgRNA, P = 0.073; and HBV DNA:pgRNA ratio, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In patients coinfected with HBV and HCV, HBsAg, HBcrAg, and HBV DNA significantly correlated with each other. HBV and HCV coinfected patients with HCV viremia have lower HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBcrAg, and HBV DNA:pgRNA ratio as well as higher HBV pgRNA levels.
QTL mapping for pumpkin fruit traits using a GBS-based high-density genetic map
Authors: Han Xiaoxia , Min Ziyang , Wei Minghua , Li Yongqi , Wang Duanhua , Zhang Zhuqing , Hu Xinjun , Kong Qiusheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pumpkin is a popular vegetable crop and exhibits a broad diversity in fruit shape and size. Fruit-related traits are the decisive factors determining consumer acceptance and market value of pumpkin cultivar. As a result, deciphering the genetic basis of fruit-related traits is of great importance for pumpkin breeding. To address this problem, a F2 population was generated by two Cucurbita moschata inbred lines with contrasting fruit shapes and genotyping by sequencing approach were used to construct a high-density genetic map and localize the QTLs underlying the fruit-related traits in this study. The results showed that a high-quality genetic map was constructed for pumpkin, which comprised of 2413 bins and spanned a total length of 2252.10 cM with an average genetic distance of 0.94 cM. A total of 30 significant QTLs with moderate or small effects were identified for 7 fruit-related traits, including fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index, fruit weight, fruit flesh thickness, seed cavity size, and total soluble solids content. Co-locations were observed between the QTLs underlying different traits, demonstrating that pleiotropic effect plays an important role in genetic control of fruit-related traits. The identified QTLs provide valuable information for further fine mapping of the related genes and pumpkin breeding programs with the aim of improving fruit quality.
Interval Cholecystectomy Is Associated With a High Risk of Complications in Patients With Mild Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Tozlu Mukaddes , Karaca Busra , Acar Sencan , Toka Bilal , Karacaer Cengiz , Eminler Ahmet Tarik , Koksal Aydin Seref 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Although current guidelines recommend cholecystectomy during the same admission in patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), it involves a waiting list most of the time.
Aim
We aimed to assess the risk of gallstone-related biliary events (GRBEs) such as cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis during the waiting period for cholecystectomy and determine predictors of complications after the first episode of ABP.
Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary hospital for six months in patients with mild ABP. Follow-ups were done by phone calls or using electronic health records for a maximum of 6 months after discharge or until cholecystectomy.
Results
A total of 194 patients were included in the study. Although all patients were referred to surgeons, only 81 (41.8%) underwent cholecystectomy within 6 months after discharge. During the observation period, GRBEs developed in 68 (35.1%) patients which included biliary colic, recurrent ABP, acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, gallbladder perforation, cholangitis, and liver abscess. The overall readmission rate was 25.2%, and 44.8% occurred within 4 weeks after discharge. The odds ratio of any complication was 1.58 (95% CI; 1.42-1.76, p=0.028) and 1.59 (95% CI; 1.42-1.78, p=0.009) in the patients who did not have surgery within 2-7 days and 8-15 days, respectively. There was a 4-fold increased risk of readmission (95% CI; 1.16-13.70, p=0,019) if cholecystectomy was not performed within 31-90 days. The patients who developed complications had significantly higher C-reactive protein levels at admission, longer waiting time for cholecystectomy, and had three or more gallstones on imaging than those who did not develop complications.
Conclusion
Interval cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of complications during the waiting period in patients with mild ABP.
Performance of the new SmartCardia wireless, wearable oximeter: a comparison with arterial SaO2 in healthy volunteers.
Authors: Rincon Francisco , Pidoux Julien , Murali Srini , Goy Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Backgroud: Our goal was to evaluate the performance of a new wearable arm located pulse oximeter.Methods: Twelve volunteers were monitored with three pulse oximeters and underwent desaturation to 70% SaO2 . We compared the accuracy of SpO 2 reading from the SmartCardia system with SaO2 using two well established devices (Masimo and Nellcor ) as reference.Oximetry was performed at different level of oxygen saturation varying from 70 to 100%. Bias, ARMS and precision were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots.Results: The mean (SD) differences between SpO2 compared to SaO2 and the devices were as follows: SaO2 versus Masimo 2,12±1,01% (95% CI 1,45 to 2,79), SaO2 versus Nellcor 0,78±0,58 % (95 % CI -0,29 to 1,65) and SaO2 versus SmartCardia 0,42±0,24 % (95% CI -0,64 to 1,46). The bias between SmartCardia, Masimo, Nellcor devices and SaO2 was 0.16 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.33) and LoA (level of agreements) 2.96 (95% CI -2,68 to 2,89) for SmartCardia, 2,02 (95% CI 1,49 to 2,54) and LoA -6 to 11 for Masimo, and 0,76 (95% CI 0,5 to -1) and LoA -3,5 to 5,0 for Nellcor. ARMS for the 70-100% SaO 2 range was 1,4 for SmartCardia, 5,0 for Masimo and 2,31 for Nellcor.Conclusions: The new wireless SmartCardia SpO2 measurement system demonstrated in-line results, bias, ARMS and precision in healthy volunteers, when compared with the gold standard SaO2 and with two well established systems, Masimo and Nellcor.Trial registration: The present trial was prospectively registered at UCSF record (registration number:10-00437), on March 8, 2021.