bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Is Associated With Adenocarcinoma of Lung: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Jing-Yang , Lin Chuck , Tsai Stella Chin-Shaw , Lin Frank Cheau-Feng 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundRecent trends in the incidence of lung cancer have been reported despite the decreasing rate of smoking. Lung cancer is ranked among the top causes of cancer-related deaths. The ratio of adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma, as well as the ratio of women to men, is still increasing. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been discovered in lung cancer tissues and blood specimens, particularly in Eastern countries. However, the association between HPV infection and lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear.MethodsThis population-based cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan's single-payer national health insurance and cancer registry databases. Data on HPV infection, cancer, sex, age, comorbidities, urbanization, and occupation were collected. The cumulative incidence rates were generated using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. COX regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios of factors associated with cancer occurrence. We used data from 2007 and 2015. The cases were matched with sex and age in a 1:2 manner with 939,874 HPV+ and 1,879,748 HPV– individuals, respectively.ResultsThe adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] for HPV infection in all lung cancers were 1.539 (1.436–1.649), male lung cancer 1.434 (1.312–1.566), female lung cancer 1.742 (1.557–1.948), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 1.092 (0.903–1.320), male SCC 1.092 (0.903–1.320), female SCC 0.949 (0.773–1.164), adenocarcinoma 1.714 (1.572–1.870), male adenocarcinoma 1.646 (1.458–1.858), and female adenocarcinoma 1.646 (1.458–1.858). The highest adjusted hazard ratio for lung cancer was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1.799 (1.613–2.007), followed by male sex 1.567 (1.451–6.863) and HPV infection. The highest adjusted hazard ratio for adenocarcinoma was HPV infection 1.714 (1.572–1.870), followed by COPD 1.300 (1.102–1.533), and for SCC, male sex 5.645 (4.43–3.37), followed by COPD 2.528 (2.002–3.192).ConclusionOur study showed that HPV infection was associated with the occurrence of adenocarcinoma of the lung in both men and women but was not associated with SCC of the lung.
Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of Primary Right Atrial Paraganglioma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Wen-peng , Gao Ge , Chen Zhao , Qiu Yong-kang , Gao Jian-bo , Kang Lei 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCardiac paraganglioma (CPGL) accounts for 1–3% of cardiac tumors and is usually benign. In total, 35–50% of CPGL lesions secrete catecholamines, causing hypertension, excessive sweating, palpitations, headache, and other symptoms. Preoperative imaging evaluation is important to determine the location of the cardiac mass, its blood supply vessels, and the relationship with surrounding structures. Multimodal imaging techniques combine with morphological and functional information to provide powerful methods for preoperative diagnosis and lesion localization. Furthermore, they can assist to reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications and improve patient prognosis.Case ReportA 67-year-old woman suffered from paroxysmal palpitations with a heart rate of 110 beats per minute 1 month ago. Urine catecholamine and methoxyepinephrine levels were significantly increased. The patient had a 5-year history of hypertension with a maximum blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg. Computed tomography (CT) examination found a soft tissue mass in the right atrium with heterogeneous and significant enhancement, whose blood supply was from the left ileal branch artery. The patient then underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The lesion showed inhomogeneous iso signals on the T1-weighted image (T1WI), slightly high signals on the T2 fat-suppression image, inhomogeneous high signals on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images. The mass exhibited heterogeneous and significant enhancement on the first perfusion and delayed scans after intravenous contrast injection. However, abnormal signals were surprisingly found in the patient’s right lung, and the possibility of metastatic lesions could not be excluded. The patient underwent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to rule out metastatic lesions. A fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid soft tissue mass was shown in the right atrium, with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) at about 15.2, as well as a pathological intake of brown fat throughout the body. Combined with clinical symptoms, CPGL was considered without significant sign of metastasis in 18F-FDG PET/CT. Finally, the patient underwent surgical resection and the post-operative pathology confirmed a CPGL.ConclusionThe combination of 18F-FDG PET/CT with the CMR containing different image acquisition sequences provides a powerful aid for preoperative non-invasive diagnosis, localization, and staging of CPGL, which helps to reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications and improve patient prognosis.
Different Fecal Microbiota in Hirschsprung's Patients With and Without Associated Enterocolitis
Authors: Arnaud Alexis P. , Cousin Ianis , Schmitt Françoise , Petit Thierry , Parmentier Benoit , Levard Guillaume , Podevin Guillaume , Guinot Audrey , DeNapoli Stéphan , Hervieux Erik , Flaum Valérie , De Vries Philine , Randuineau Gwénaëlle , David-Le Gall Sandrine , Buffet-Bataillon Sylvie , Boudry Gaëlle 
Published: June 2022

Background and ObjectivesPatients with Hirschsprung's disease are at risk of developing Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis, especially in the first 2 years of life. The pathophysiology of this inflammatory disease remains unclear, and intestinal dysbiosis has been proposed in the last decade. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate in a large cohort if Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis was associated with alterations of fecal bacterial composition compared with HD without enterocolitis in different age groups.MethodsWe analyzed the fecal microbiota structure of 103 Hirschsprung patients from 3 months to 16 years of age, all of whom had completed definitive surgery for rectosigmoid Hirschsprung. 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed us to compare the microbiota composition between Hirschsprung's disease patients with (HAEC group) or without enterocolitis (HD group) in different age groups (0–2, 2–6, 6–12, and 12–16 years).ResultsRichness and diversity increased with age group but did not differ between HD and HAEC patients, irrespective of the age group. Relative abundance of Actinobacteria was lower in HAEC than in HD patients under 2 years of age (−66%, P = 0.045). Multivariate analysis by linear models (MaAsLin) considering sex, medications, birth mode, breast-feeding, and the Bristol stool scale, as well as surgery parameters, highlighted Flavonifractor plautii and Eggerthella lenta, as well as Ruminococcus gnavus group, as positively associated with Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis in the 0–2 years age group.ConclusionHirschsprung-associated enterocolitis was associated with features of intestinal dysbiosis in infants (0–2 years) but not in older patients. This could explain the highest rate of enterocolitis in this age group.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02857205, MICROPRUNG, NCT02857205, 02/08/2016.
Tranexamic Acid in Combination With Vancomycin or Gentamicin Has a Synergistic Effect Against Staphylococci
Authors: Benjumea Antonio , Díaz-Navarro Marta , Hafian Rama , Cercenado Emilia , Sánchez-Somolinos Mar , Vaquero Javier , Chana Francisco , Muñoz Patricia , Guembe María 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundTranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent applied in orthopedic surgery and has been proven to reduce post-surgery infection rates. We previously showed that TXA also had an additional direct antimicrobial effect against planktonic bacteria. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether it has a synergistic effect if in combination with antibiotics.Materials and MethodsThree ATCC and seven clinical strains of staphylococci were tested against serial dilutions of vancomycin and gentamicin alone and in combination with TXA at 10 and 50 mg/ml. The standardized microtiter plate method was used. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were calculated by standard visualization of well turbidity (the lowest concentration at which complete absence of well bacterial growth was observed by the researcher) and using the automated method (the lowest concentration at which ≥80% reduction in well bacterial growth was measured using a spectrophotometer).ResultsTranexamic acid-10 mg/ml reduced the MIC of vancomycin and gentamicin with both the standard method (V: 1-fold dilution, G: 4-fold dilutions) and the automated turbidity method (vancomycin: 8-fold dilutions, gentamicin: 8-fold dilutions). TXA-50 mg/ml reduced the MIC of gentamicin with both the standard turbidity method (6-fold dilutions) and the automated turbidity method (1-fold dilutions). In contrast, for vancomycin, the MIC remained the same using the standard method, and only a 1-fold dilution was reduced using the automated method.ConclusionOurs was a proof-of-concept study in which we suggest that TXA may have a synergistic effect when combined with both vancomycin and gentamicin, especially at 10 mg/ml, which is the concentration generally used in clinical practice.
Predictive Factors for Clinical Outcome After Direct Mechanical Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Within 4.5 h
Authors: Nguyen Huu An , Vu Dang Luu , Nguyen Quang Anh , Mai Duy Ton , Tran Anh Tuan , Le Hoang Kien , Nguyen Tat Thien , Nguyen Thu Trang , Tran Cuong , Dao Viet Phuong , Pierot Laurent 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundRecent trials including DIRECT-MT, DEVT, and SKIP have found that direct mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is equally effective as the combination of MT and intravenous thrombolysis. However, the results of the other trials, namely MR-CLEAN NO-IV and the SWIFT-DIRECT trial have failed to confirm the non-inferiority of direct MT vs. the combination therapy.AimWe aimed to identify prognostic factors of direct MT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 4.5 h.Materials and MethodsData from January 2018 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Adult patients with confirmed anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 4.5 h of onset with baseline NIHSS of ≥6 and baseline ASPECTS of ≥6 treated using direct MT within 6 h were recruited.ResultsA total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 65.5 years [interquartile range (IQR), 59–76.5], median baseline NIHSS of 13.5 (IQR, 11–16), and median baseline ASPECTS of 8 (IQR, 7–8). Direct MT was feasible in all patients (100%). Successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3) was achieved in 124/140 patients (88.6%) with a low rate of complications (8/140, 5.7%). Any type of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH occurred in 44/140 (31.4%) and 5/140 (3.6%), respectively. Overall, a good outcome (mRS 0–2) was achieved in 93/140 (66.4%), and the mortality rate was 9.3% (13/140 patients). Using multivariate analysis, lower age [odds ratio (OR), 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–1.00; P = 0.05], low baseline NIHSS (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92; P = 0.00), and absence of ICH (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.81; P = 0.02) were independently associated with favorable outcome. Independent predictors of mortality were baseline NIHSS (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01–1.46; P = 0.04), successful reperfusion (OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00–0.58; P = 0.02), and ICH (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.75; P = 0.02). Further analysis showed that the median mRS at 90 days was significantly better in the MCA occlusion group compared to the ICA plus M1 occlusion group [1 (IQR 0–3) vs. 2 (IQR 1–4); P = 0.05].ConclusionsOur findings suggest that direct thrombectomy may be an adequate clinical option for younger patients (≤70) experiencing proximal middle artery occlusion within 4.5 h and who have low baseline NIHSS (≤14).
Comparison of Sensory Observation and Somatosensory Stimulation in Mirror Neurons and the Sensorimotor Network: A Task-Based fMRI Study
Authors: Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Songmei , Li Yuanli , Zhao Jingjun , Li Guanwu , Chen Lei , Wu Yuwei , Zhang Sicong , Shi Xiaolong , Chen Xixi , Xu Shutian , Ren Meng , Chang Shixin , Shan Chunlei 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate brain plasticity by somatosensory stimulation (SS) and sensory observation (SO) based on mirror neuron and embodied cognition theory. Action observation therapy has been widely adopted for motor function improvement in post-stroke patients. However, it is uncertain whether the SO approach can also contribute to the recovery of sensorimotor function after stroke. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of SO for sensorimotor dysfunction and provided new evidence for neurorehabilitation.MethodsTwenty-six healthy right-handed adults (12 men and 14 women), aged 18–27 (mean, 22.12; SD, 2.12) years were included. All subjects were evaluated with task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to discover the characteristics and differences in brain activation between SO and SS. We adopted a block design with two conditions during fMRI scanning: observing a sensory video of brushing (task condition A, defined as SO) and brushing subjects' right forearms while they watched a nonsense string (task condition B, defined as SS). One-sample t-tests were performed to identify brain regions and voxels activated for each task condition. A paired-sample t-test and conjunction analysis were performed to explore the differences and similarities between SO and SS.ResultsThe task-based fMRI showed that the bilateral postcentral gyrus, left precentral gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, and left supplementary motor area were significantly activated during SO or SS. In addition to these brain regions, SO could also activate areas containing mirror neurons, like the left inferior parietal gyrus.ConclusionSO could activate mirror neurons and sensorimotor network-related brain regions in healthy subjects like SS. Therefore, SO may be a promising novel therapeutic approach for sensorimotor dysfunction recovery in post-stroke patients.
The Multidisciplinary Guidelines for Diagnosis and Referral in Cerebral Visual Impairment
Authors: Boonstra Frouke N. , Bosch Daniëlle G. M. , Geldof Christiaan J. A. , Stellingwerf Catharina , Porro Giorgio 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionCerebral visual impairment (CVI) is an important cause of visual impairment in western countries. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic damage is the most frequent cause of CVI but CVI can also be the result of a genetic disorder. The majority of children with CVI have cerebral palsy and/or developmental delay. Early diagnosis is crucial; however, there is a need for consensus on evidence based diagnostic tools and referral criteria. The aim of this study is to develop guidelines for diagnosis and referral in CVI according to the grade method.Patients and MethodsWe developed the guidelines according to the GRADE method 5 searches on CVI (children, developmental age ≤ 18 years) were performed in the databases Medline, Embase, and Psychinfo, each with a distinct topic.ResultsBased on evidence articles were selected on five topics: 1. Medical history and CVI-questionnaires 23 (out of 1,007). 2. Ophthalmological and orthoptic assessment 37 (out of 816). 3. Neuropsychological assessment 5 (out of 716). 4. Neuroradiological evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 9 (out of 723). 5. Genetic assessment 5 (out of 458).ConclusionIn medical history taking, prematurity low birth weight and APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) Scores (&lt;5) are important. Different questionnaires are advised for children under the age of 3 years, older children and for specific risk groups (extremely preterm). In ophthalmological examination, eye movements, specially saccades, accommodation, crowding, contrast sensitivity and visual fields should be evaluated. OCT can show objective signs of trans-synaptic degeneration and abnormalities in fixation and saccades can be measured with eye tracking. Screening of visual perceptive functioning is recommended and can be directive for further assessment. MRI findings in CVI in Cerebral Palsy can be structured in five groups: Brain maldevelopment, white and gray matter lesions, postnatal lesions and a normal MRI. In children with CVI and periventricular leukomalacia, brain lesion severity correlates with visual function impairment. A differentiation can be made between cortical and subcortical damage and related visual function impairment. Additional assessments (neurological or genetic) can be necessary to complete the diagnosis of CVI and/or to reveal the etiology.
The Effect of Hemoglobin Concentration on Hyperbaric Oxygen and Non-hyperbaric Oxygen in the Treatment of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Operation at the High Altitude
Authors: Wei Linjie , Lin Chi , Xue Xingsen , Jila Shiju , Dai Yalan , Pan Li , Wei Wei , Dun Guodong , Shen Yong , Zong Taoxi , Wu Jingjing , Li Yafang , Wu Lixia , Xian Jishu , Yu Anyong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe prognosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) is poor at high altitudes. The objective of this study was to explore whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can improve the results of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging and the neurological function of patients with HICH, and influence the hemoglobin concentration.MethodThe patients with HICH were treated with puncture and drainage. Twenty-one patients (51.22% of 41 patients in total) were treated with HBO after the operation, and the other patients received conventional treatment. CTP was performed twice, and all indices were measured. Scatter plots were used to determine the effect of hemoglobin concentration on CTP imaging. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the effects of hemoglobin concentration and hematoma volume on recovery results. The patients were followed up for 6 months.ResultsForty-one patients with HICH were treated with puncture and drainage. In total, 21 were treated with HBO after the operation, and 20 received conventional treatment as the control group. No significant differences in the CBV and CBF values of the two groups were noted before treatment. After 10 days, the values of CBV and CBF in the HBO group were significantly higher than those in the control group. A scatter diagram showed there was no significant in the HBO group, but significant correlation for the CBV and CBF values in the control group’s hematoma center and margin. The ROC curves showed that hematoma volume had an influence on prognosis of the control group. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GOS) scores of the HBO group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsHBO therapy can improve the postoperative CBV and CBF values of patients with HICH and ameliorate their prognoses. There was no significant correlation between HBO group and hemoglobin concentration on admission.
Characterizing Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity During Walking and Jogging in Continent Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Williams Alison M. M. , Sato-Klemm Maya , Deegan Emily G. , Eginyan Gevorg , Lam Tania 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe pelvic floor muscles (PFM) are active during motor tasks that increase intra-abdominal pressure, but little is known about how the PFM respond to dynamic activities, such as gait. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare PFM activity during walking and jogging in continent adults across the entire gait cycle.Methods17 able-bodied individuals (8 females) with no history of incontinence participated in this study. We recorded electromyography (EMG) from the abdominal muscles, gluteus maximus (GM), and PFM while participants performed attempted maximum voluntary contractions (aMVC) of all muscles and completed 60–70 strides in four gait conditions: slow walk (1 km/h); regular walk (self-selected comfortable pace); transition walk (self-selected fastest walking pace); jog (same speed as transition walking). We quantified activity throughout the whole gait cycle (%aMVCGC) and during periods of bursting (%aMVCBR) for each participant, and analyzed the timing of PFM bursting periods to explore when the PFM were most active in the gait cycle. We also conducted a phase metric analysis on the PFM and GM burst timings. We performed a Spearman's rank-order correlation to examine the effect of speed on %aMVCGC, %aMVCBR, and phase metric score, and used the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test to evaluate the effect of gait modality, matched for speed (walking vs. jogging), on these variables.ResultsThe PFM were active throughout the gait cycle, with bursts typically occurring during single-leg support. The PFM and GM were in phase for 44–69% of the gait cycle, depending on condition. There was a positive correlation between gait speed and both %aMVCGC and %aMVCBR (p &lt; 0.001). Phase metric scores were significantly higher during jogging than transition walking (p = 0.005), but there was no difference between gait modality on %aMVCGC or %aMVCBR (p = 0.059). Where possible we disaggregated data by sex, although were unable to make statistical comparisons due to low sample sizes.ConclusionThe PFM are active during walking and jogging, with greater activity at faster speeds and with bursts in activity around single-leg support. The PFM and GM co-activate during gait, but are not completely in phase with each other.
Whole-Blood MicroRNA Sequence Profiling and Identification of Specific miR-21 for Adolescents With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Lin Jing , Shen Jie , Liu Juan , Cheng Wenjie , Li Lintian , Jiao Fuyong 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to establish whether whole-blood microRNA (miRNA) profiles differ between postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) sufferers and control subjects and to identify the miRNA that regulates plasma H2S.Study DesignHigh-throughput sequencing was used to obtain whole-blood miRNA expression profiles for 20 POTS sufferers and 20 normal children.The thresholds for defining differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were an adjusted DESeq P of &lt;0.05 and a log2 fold variation of ≥3. The DEmiRNA target genes were identified using RNAhybrid and miRanda, and only those identified by both were considered. The combined effects of the DEmiRNAs were determined using KEGG pathway analysis. Another 40 POTS and 20 normal patients were used as validation subjects. Plasma H2S was determined with a sulfide electrode, and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was performed with a color Doppler ultrasound system. miRNAs were analyzed using qRT-PCR.ResultsTotally, 13 DEmiRNAs were identified through high-throughput sequencing. In the 60-member validation group, the 13 miRNAs were verified again, and it turned out that miR-21 was significantly elevated and could diagnose POTS with a 100% specificity and 92.5% sensitivity. Overall, 198 and 481 genes, respectively, were shown to be targeted by the 13 DEmiRNAs when P values of 0.01 and 0.05 were used. The target gene of hsa-miR-21-5p was SP1 when the P-value is &lt;0.01. DEmiRNAs were significantly enriched in 36 pathways (P &lt; 0.05), in which PI3K/Akt signaling was closely related to vascular function. In the validation subjects, the plasma H2S and FMD were higher in the POTS sufferers (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionElevated whole-blood miR-21 levels serve as an indicator for POTS and may explain the increased plasma H2S observed in POTS sufferers.