bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constrained Remeshing Using Evolutionary Vertex Optimization
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Xiang , Wang Qi , Guo Jia‐Peng , Chai Shuangming , Liu Ligang , Fu Xiao‐Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a simple yet effective method to perform surface remeshing with hard constraints, such as bounding approximation errors and ensuring Delaunay conditions. The remeshing is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the variables contain the mesh connectivity and the mesh geometry. To solve it effectively, we adopt traditional local operations, including edge split, edge collapse, edge flip, and vertex relocation, to update the variables. Central to our method is an evolutionary vertex optimization algorithm, which is derivative‐free and robust. The feasibility and practicability of our method are demonstrated in two applications, including error‐bounded Delaunay mesh simplification and error‐bounded angle improvement with a given number of vertices, over many models. Compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods, our method achieves higher remeshing quality.
Semantic Segmentation in Art Paintings
Authors: Cohen N. , Newman Y. , Shamir A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSemantic segmentation is a difficult task even when trained in a supervised manner on photographs. In this paper, we tackle the problem of semantic segmentation of artistic paintings, an even more challenging task because of a much larger diversity in colors, textures, and shapes and because there are no ground truth annotations available for segmentation. We propose an unsupervised method for semantic segmentation of paintings using domain adaptation. Our approach creates a training set of pseudo‐paintings in specific artistic styles by using style‐transfer on the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset, and then applies domain confusion between PASCAL VOC 2012 and real paintings. These two steps build on a new dataset we gathered called DRAM (Diverse Realism in Art Movements) composed of figurative art paintings from four movements, which are highly diverse in pattern, color, and geometry. To segment new paintings, we present a composite multi‐domain adaptation method that trains on each sub‐domain separately and composes their solutions during inference time. Our method provides better segmentation results not only on the specific artistic movements of DRAM, but also on other, unseen ones. We compare our approach to alternative methods and show applications of semantic segmentation in art paintings. The code and models for our approach are publicly available at: https://github.com/Nadavc220/SemanticSegmentationInArtPaintings.
Coupling 3D Liquid Simulation with 2D Wave Propagation for Large Scale Water Surface Animation Using the Equivalent Sources Method
Authors: Schreck Camille , Wojtan Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for simulating liquids in large bodies of water by coupling together a water surface wave simulator with a 3D Navier‐Stokes simulator. The surface wave simulation uses the equivalent sources method (ESM) to efficiently animate large bodies of water with precisely controllable wave propagation behavior. The 3D liquid simulator animates complex non‐linear fluid behaviors like splashes and breaking waves using off‐the‐shelf simulators using FLIP or the level set method with semi‐Lagrangian advection.We combine the two approaches by using the 3D solver to animate localized non‐linear behaviors, and the 2D wave solver to animate larger regions with linear surface physics. We use the surface motion from the 3D solver as boundary conditions for 2D surface wave simulator, and we use the velocity and surface heights from the 2D surface wave simulator as boundary conditions for the 3D fluid simulation. We also introduce a novel technique for removing visual artifacts caused by numerical errors in 3D fluid solvers: we use experimental data to estimate the artificial dispersion caused by the 3D solver and we then carefully tune the wave speeds of the 2D solver to match it, effectively eliminating any differences in wave behavior across the boundary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a empirically driven error compensation approach has been used to remove coupling errors from a physics simulator.Our coupled simulation approach leverages the strengths of each simulation technique, animating large environments with seamless transitions between 2D and 3D physics.
Fast and Exact Root Parity for Continuous Collision Detection
Authors: Wang Bolun , Ferguson Zachary , Jiang Xin , Attene Marco , Panozzo Daniele , Schneider Teseo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe introduce the firstexactroot parity counter for continuous collision detection (CCD). That is, our algorithm computes the parity (even or odd) of the number of roots of the cubic polynomial arising from a CCD query. We note that the parity is unable to differentiate between zero (no collisions) and the rare case of two roots (collisions).Our method does not have numerical parameters to tune, has a performance comparable to efficient approximate algorithms, and is exact. We test our approach on a large collection of synthetic tests and real simulations, and we demonstrate that it can be easily integrated into existing simulators.
Fiblets for Real‐Time Rendering of Massive Brain Tractograms
Authors: Schertzer Jérémie , Mercier Corentin , Rousseau Sylvain , Boubekeur Tamy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a method to render massive brain tractograms in real time. Tractograms model the white matter architecture of the human brain using millions of 3D polylines (fibers), summing up to billions of segments. They are used by neurosurgeons before surgery as well as by researchers to better understand the brain. A typical raw dataset for a single brain represents dozens of gigabytes of data, preventing their interactive rendering. We address this challenge with a new GPU mesh shader pipeline based on a decomposition of the fiber set into compressed local representations that we call fiblets. Their spatial coherence is used at runtime to efficiently cull hidden geometry at the task shader stage while synthesizing the visible ones as polyline meshlets in a warp‐scale parallel fashion at the mesh shader stage. As a result, our pipeline can feed a standard deferred shading engine to visualize the mesostructures of the brain with various classical rendering techniques, as well as simple interaction primitives. We demonstrate that our algorithm provides real‐time framerates on very large tractograms that were out of reach for previous methods while offering a fiber‐level granularity in both rendering and interaction.
N‐Cloth: Predicting 3D Cloth Deformation with Mesh‐Based Networks
Authors: D. Li Y. , Tang M. , Yang Y. , Huang Z. , F. Tong R. , Yang S.C. , Li Y. , Manocha D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a novel mesh‐based learning approach (N‐Cloth) for plausible 3D cloth deformation prediction. Our approach is general and can handle cloth or obstacles represented by triangle meshes with arbitrary topologies. We use graph convolution to transform the cloth and object meshes into a latent space to reduce the non‐linearity in the mesh space. Our network can predict the target 3D cloth mesh deformation based on the initial state of the cloth mesh template and the target obstacle mesh. Our approach can handle complex cloth meshes with up to 100K triangles and scenes with various objects corresponding to SMPL humans, non‐SMPL humans or rigid bodies. In practice, our approach can be used to generate plausible cloth simulation at 30 – 45 fps on an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 GPU. We highlight its benefits over prior learning‐based methods and physically‐based cloth simulators.
Seeking Patterns of Visual Pattern Discovery for Knowledge Building
Authors: Andrienko N. , Andrienko G. , Chen S. , Fisher B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrently, the methodological and technical developments in visual analytics, as well as the existing theories, are not sufficiently grounded by empirical studies that can provide an understanding of the processes of visual data analysis, analytical reasoning and derivation of new knowledge by humans. We conducted an exploratory empirical study in which participants analysed complex and data‐rich visualisations by detecting salient visual patterns, translating them into conceptual information structures and reasoning about those structures to construct an overall understanding of the analysis subject. Eye tracking and voice recording were used to capture this process. We analysed how the data we had collected match several existing theoretical models intended to describe visualisation‐supported reasoning, knowledge building, decision making or use and development of mental models. We found that none of these theoretical models alone is sufficient for describing the processes of visual analysis and knowledge generation that we observed in our experiments, whereas a combination of three particular models could be apposite. We also pondered whether empirical studies like ours can be used to derive implications and recommendations for possible ways to support users of visual analytics systems. Our approaches to designing and conducting the experiments and analysing the empirical data were appropriate to the goals of the study and can be recommended for use in other empirical studies in visual analytics.
Mapping review of interventions to reduce the use of restrictive practices in children and young people's institutional settings: The CONTRAST study
Authors: Baker John , Kendal Sarah , Berzins Kathryn , Canvin Krysia , Branthonne‐Foster Stella , McDougall Tim , Goldson Barry , Kellar Ian , Wright Judy , Duxbury Joy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRestrictive practices are often used harmfully with children in institutional settings. Interventions to reduce their use do not appear to have been mapped systematically. Using environmental scanning, we conducted a broad‐scope mapping review of English language academic databases, websites and social media, using systematic methods. Included records (N = 121) were mostly from the United States and contained details of 82 different interventions. Children's participation was limited. Reporting quality was inconsistent, which undermined claims of effectiveness. Overall, despite a multitude of interventions, evidence is limited. Leaders should consider the evidence, including children's perspectives, before introducing poorly understood interventions into children's settings.
A new method for determining relative colour strength of dye based on new colour depth formulas. Part I: For different dyes with approximate hue
Authors: Xie Wanzi , Wang Hongbo , Yang Hongying , Zhang Jingjing , Qi Mengyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRelative colour strength (RCS) of dye plays an important role in the production, the evaluation and the application of dyes. There are different standards on the determination of it, their principles are all related to colour depth. However, the standard methods have some limitations. For this purpose, this study proposed a new method for the RCS based on the new colour depth formula Yangn, which included three methods named colour strength value (CSV1, CSV2 and CSV3). Part I in this study was to investigate the application effect of Yangn on the RCS of different disperse dyes with approximate hues. According to the experimental results of E‐type and SE‐type disperse dyes, the new method showed its advantages. Firstly, compared with AATCC EP‐6, the results of the new method were more consistent. Secondly, under different dyeing concentrations, the RCS values of the new method were relatively consistent, with average coefficient values (CVs) being less than 5%, especially for CSV3 with only 3.59%; while all the average CVs of AATCC EP‐6 were greater than 6%. For the calculation of RCS of different types of dyes with approximate hue, the new method presented more accurate results.
The Effect of Fast Internet on Employment: Evidence from a Large Broadband Expansion Program in China
Authors: Wang Qing , Xu Wenjing , Huang Yanghua , Yang Jidong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInformation and communication technology plays an important role in human life and social production. The existing literature has mainly studied the economic impact of such technology in developed countries; the use of broadband in developing countries has been overlooked. This paper fills the gap by examining a broadband development program in China. Difference‐in‐difference estimates show that the deployment of high‐quality broadband promoted regional employment in the skilled service sector. The effect was larger in cities with a greater number of educated residents and cities in the west of China. We also found that broadband development stimulated firm creation and innovation. These findings imply that broadband promotes innovation and provides new impetus to the economic transition of emerging markets.
Contrasting views on the careers of classic professionals: Exploring the careers of physicians
Authors: van Leeuwen Evelien H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies into professionals' work show that their autonomy and mobility have decreased. These developments are likely to have implications for the careers of professionals. Despite these developments, the career literature continues to emphasize high mobility and strong individual agency as two core characteristics of contemporary careers. These contrasting views, together with a lack of studies into the careers of professionals, result in unclarity about the careers of professionals. This study explores the career experiences and career characteristics of classic professionals in 38 semi‐structured interviews with physicians. Findings show that physicians' mobility is limited, as changing occupations and moving to other organizations is rare, and that they do not take full responsibility for their careers. These findings contribute to the literature on professionalism and careers by providing contextual knowledge on professionals' careers. This study is relevant for organizations, (HR) managers, and occupational communities wanting to implement tailored career support for professionals.
Association between social deprivation and incidence of first seizures and epilepsy: A prospective population‐based cohort
Authors: Maloney Eimer M. , Corcoran Paul , Costello Daniel J. , O'Reilly Éilis J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiologic studies have investigated whether social deprivation is associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy, and results are conflicting, especially in children. The mechanisms underlying a potential association are unclear. This study examines whether there is an association between social deprivation and the incidence of first seizures (unprovoked and provoked) and new diagnosis of epilepsy by comparing incidence across an area‐level measure of deprivation in a population‐based cohort.MethodsMultiple methods of case identification followed by individual case validation and classification were carried out in a defined geographical area (population 542 868) to identify all incident cases of first provoked and first unprovoked seizures and new diagnosis of epilepsy presenting during the calendar year 2017. An area‐level relative deprivation index, based on 10 indicators from census data, was assigned to each patient according to registered address and categorized into quintiles from most to least deprived.ResultsThe annual incidence of first unprovoked seizures (n = 372), first provoked seizures (n = 189), and new diagnosis of epilepsy (n = 336) was highest in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas (incidence ratios of 1.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–2.52], 1.55 [95% CI = 1.04–2.32], and 1.83 [95% CI = 1.28–2.62], respectively). This finding was evident in both adults and children and in those with structural and unknown etiologies of epilepsy.SignificanceThe incidence of first seizures and new diagnosis of epilepsy is associated with more social deprivation. The reason for this higher incidence is likely multifactorial.
Polymorphism ofCaCO3and the variability of elemental composition of the calcareous skeletons secreted by invertebrates along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Piwoni‐Piórewicz Anna , Strekopytov Stanislav , Humphreys‐Williams Emma , Najorka Jens , Szymczycha Beata , Kukliński Piotr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiomineralization is of great importance in ecosystem functioning and for the use of carbonate skeleton as environmental proxies. Skeletal formation is controlled to different degrees by environmental parameters and biological mechanisms. While salinity is one of the most important factors affecting ecological processes and ocean physiochemistry, the goal of this investigation was to identify how salinity influences the mineral type and the concentrations of chemical elements in the whole skeleton of invertebrates from the Baltic Sea. In this model system, the surface salinity decreases from marine values (27.2) to almost fresh water (6.1). The selected organisms, mussels (Mytilusspp.), bryozoans (Einhornia crustulenta,Cribrilina cryptooecium,Cryptosula pallasiana,Electra pilosa,Escharella immersa), barnacles (Amphibalanus improvisus,Semibalanus balanoides), and polychaetes (Spirorbis tridentatus), precipitated skeleton composed of calcite and aragonite, most likely as a result of various interacting environmental and biological factors. The concentrations of all elements in bulk skeleton were highly variable between species from the same location, underlining the role of the biological mechanisms in skeletal formation. The concentration of Ca, Mg, Sr, and Na increased in the bulk skeleton of stenohaline organisms with increasing salinity, while in the bulk skeleton of euryhaline species, only the concentration of Na increased with increasing salinity. The concentrations of Mn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Y, V, Cd, and U in the skeleton of euryhaline species generally decreased at higher salinities, most likely reflecting the lower bioavailability of elements at higher salinity. However, the concentrations of elements in the skeleton of stenohaline organisms were highly variable with no clear salinity impact. This study suggests that, although the composition of skeleton of calcifying organisms along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea is to a large extent affected by biological mechanisms, it also reflects the responses to environmental conditions.
Gendered labor legacies of authoritarian neoliberalism: Chile's double crisis
Authors: Ipsen Annabel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLegacies of Chile's democratic crisis pose challenges for workplace gender equity. This paper brings together scholarly debates on gender regimes and factory regimes to examine the gendered labor practices in a high‐tech, transnational agricultural sector. Specifically, I ask how gender regimes and regulatory practices entrenched in Chile's authoritarian past shape labor dynamics in this industry today. I argue that we must look to the past to understand how firms benefit from unequal social relations embedded in institutions and for identifying mechanisms of change. I document how the neoliberal and authoritarian policies of the democratic crisis in Chile (1973–90) became the baseline conditions in democracy, leaving stark gender and labor inequalities that persist today. The resulting neoliberal pact continues to privilege elites and marginalize the working poor, especially women, contributing to the slow‐brewing inequality crisis that came to a head in 2019. Based on ethnographic observation and semi‐structured interviews in Arica, Chile, a major hub for corn seed development, I show how these legacies enable firms to benefit from Chile's unequal gender relations to develop high‐value products without paying the price associated with the skill needed to produce them. I find that conservative gender norms together with labor relations inherent in Chile's neoliberal model, rooted in a 17‐year dictatorship, create obstacles to efforts to address gender inequality.
Basic relationships between human capital, migration and labour markets in the Western Balkans: An econometric investigation
Authors: Mara Isilda , Landesmann Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe high outward mobility that characterises the countries in the Western Balkan region—already for three decades—is often seen as tightly linked to labour market imbalances and persistently low utilisation of human capital over time. To shed light on these issues we analysed the effects of labour market determinants and human capital endowment on migration and vice versa by estimating simultaneously a system of equations that accounted for such relationships in the context of WB countries. The period under analysis is 2007–2019 and the destination countries are the EU15. The empirical results confirm the importance of wage gaps and their changes as an important pull factor for driving emigration. In addition, gaps in human capital emerge as a powerful determinant for explaining emigration into countries where returns to human capital are relatively higher.
Notch3 expression in capillary pericytes predicts worse graft outcome in human renal grafts with antibody‐mediated rejection
Authors: Xu‐Dubois Yichun , Kavvadas Panagiotis , Keuylian Zela , Hertig Alexandre , Rondeau Eric , Chatziantoniou Christos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrovasculature consisting of endothelial cells and pericytes is the main site of injury during antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) of renal grafts. Little is known about the mechanisms of activation of pericytes in this pathology. We have found recently that activation of Notch3, a mediator of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and dedifferentiation, promotes renal inflammation and fibrosis and aggravates progression of renal disease. Therefore, we studied the pericyte expression of Notch3 in 49 non‐selected renal graft biopsies (32 for clinical cause, 17 for graft surveillance). We analysed its relationship with patients’ clinical and morphological data, and compared with the expression of partial endothelial mesenchymal transition (pEndMT) markers, known to reflect endothelial activation during ABMR. Notch3 was de novo expressed in pericytes of grafts with ABMR, and was significantly correlated with the microcirculation inflammation scores of peritubular capillaritis and glomerulitis and with the expression of pEndMT markers. Notch3 expression was also associated with graft dysfunction and proteinuria at the time of biopsy and in the long term. Multivariate analysis confirmed pericyte expression of Notch3 as an independent risk factor predicting graft loss. These data suggest that Notch3 is activated in the pericytes of renal grafts with ABMR and is associated with poor graft outcome.