bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Trends of Regolith Movement on the Surface of Small Bodies
Authors: Huang Chenyang , Yu Yang , Cheng Bin , Wang Qingyun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the long-term migration of disturbed regolith materials on the surface of Solar System small bodies from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamics. We propose an approximation model for secular mass movement, which combines the complex topography and irregular gravitational field. Choosing asteroid 101955 Bennu as a representative, the global change of the dynamical environment is examined, which presents a division of the creeping-sliding-shedding regions for a spun-up asteroid. In the creeping region, the dynamical equation of disturbed regolith grains is established based on the assumption of "trigger-slide" motion mode. The equilibrium points, local manifolds and large-scale trajectories of the system are calculated to clarify the dynamical characteristics of long-term regolith movement. Generally, we find that for a low spin rate, the surface regolith grains flow toward the middle latitudes from the polar/equatorial regions, which is dominated by the gradient of the geopotential. While spun up to a high rate, regolith grains tend to migrate toward the equator, which happens in parallel with a topological shift of the local equilibria at low latitudes. From a long-term perspective, we find the equilibrium points dominate the global trends of regolith movements. Using the methodology developed in this paper, we give a prospect or retrospect to the secular motion of regolith materials during the spin-up process, and the results reveal a significant regulatory role of the equilibria. Through a detailed look at the dynamical scheme under different spin rates, we achieve a macro forecast of the global trends of regolith motion during the spin-up process, which explains the global geologic evolution driven by the long-term movements of regolith materials.
Comparison of Long-term Clinical and Radiographical Outcomes Between the Anterior and Combined Anterior and Posterior Approaches for Treating Lumbosacral Tuberculosis
Authors: Zhou Zhong-jie , Zhang Zhuang , Hu Bo-wen , Wang Lin-nan , Li Tao , Yang Hui-liang , Liu Li-min , Song Yue-ming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Both the anterior and combined anterior and posterior approaches have been used to treat lumbosacral tuberculosis. However, long-term follow-up studies of each approach have not been conducted. We aimed to compare the long-term clinical and radiographical outcomes between the two approaches.Methods: We included 49 patients with a minimum 6-year follow up between January 2008 to March 2012. Twenty-four patients underwent the anterior approach (group A) and 25 underwent the combined anterior and posterior approach (group B). We collected clinical data, such as visual analogue scale scores, Oswestry disability index scores and neurological status, and radiographical data, such as lumbosacral angle and lumbar lordosis. Furthermore, operative time, length of stay, and intraoperative and postoperative blood loss (IBL, PBL) were recorded.Results: Both groups had satisfactory clinical and radiographical outcomes until follow up. All patients achieved bony fusion, and no group differences were found in any of the clinical indices. Both groups corrected and maintained lumbosacral angle and lumbar lordosis. However, operative time, length of stay, maximum Hb drop, IBL, and PBL of group A (140.63 ± 24.73 min, 12.58 ± 2.45 d, 28.33 ± 9.70 g/L, 257.08 ± 110.47 mL, and 430.60 ± 158.27 mL, respectively) was significantly lower than those of group B (423.60 ± 82.81 min, p < 0.001; 21.32 ± 3.40 d, p < 0.001; 38.48 ± 8.03 g/L, p < 0.001; 571.60 ± 111.04 mL, p < 0.001; and 907.01 ± 231.99 mL, p < 0.001).Conclusions: This retrospective study demonstrated long-term efficacy of the anterior approach, which was as effective as that of the combined anterior and posterior approach, with the advantage of less trauma.
Real-time Deep Learning Based Image Processing for Pose Estimation and Object Localization in Autonomous Robot Applications
Authors: Upadhyay Ritam , Asi Abhishek , Nayak Pravanjan , Prasad Nidhi , Mishra Debasish , Pal Surjya K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping manufacturing to make it smarter, intelligent, and autonomous. Presently, flexible robots have been introduced that collaborate with humans on the shop floor to enhance productivity and efficiency. In an autonomous robotic system, object classification and pose estimation are crucial problems for proper grasping. Extensive research is being conducted to achieve low-cost, computationally efficient, and real-time assessments. However, most of the existing approaches are computationally expensive and constraint to previous knowledge of the 3D structure of an object. This article presents an AI-based solution, which generalizes cuboid- and cylindrical-shaped objects’ grasping in real-time, irrespective of the dimensions. It is identified without the knowledge of the objects’ 3D model. The pose is estimated in real-time, accurately. The integrated solution has been implemented in a robotic system fitted with two grippers, a conveyor system, and sensors. Results of several experiments have been reported in this article, which validates the solution.
Leadership, Politics, and Communication: Epidemiology Workforce Roles and Challenges During Emergency Response; a Global Survey of Applied Epidemiologists, 2019-2020
Authors: Parry Amy Elizabeth , Kirk Martyn D , Colquhoun Samantha , Durrheim David N , Housen Tambri 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Improving the epidemiological response to emergencies requires an understanding of who the responders are, their role and skills, and the challenges they face during responses. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey to learn more about epidemiologists who respond to public health emergencies. The online survey included open and closed-ended questions on challenges faced whilst responding, the roles of epidemiology responders, self-rating of skills, and support needed and received. We used purposive sampling to identify participants and a snowballing approach thereafter. We compared data by a number of characteristics, including national or international responder on their last response prior to the survey. We analysed the data using descriptive, content, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: We received 166 responses from individuals with experience in emergency response. The most frequently reported challenge was navigating the political dynamics of a response, which was more common for international responders than national. National responders experienced fewer challenges related to culture, language, and communication. Epidemiology responders reported a lack of response role clarity, limited knowledge sharing, and communication issues during emergency response. Sixty-seven percent of participants reported they needed support to do their job well; males who requested support were statistically more likely to receive it than females who asked. Conclusion: Our study identified that national responders have additional strengths such as better understanding the local political environment, language, and culture, which may in turn support identification of local needs and priorities. This research builds on emerging evidence on how to strengthen public health emergency response and provides a platform to begin a global conversation to address operational issues and the role of the international epidemiology responder.
Therapeutic efficacy of antibodies and antivirals against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Uraki Ryuta , Kiso Maki , Imai Masaki , Yamayoshi Seiya , Ito Mutsumi , Ujie Michiko , Furusawa Yuri , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the major antigen stimulating the host's protective immune response. A new SARS-CoV-2 variant, designated Omicron, first identified in South Africa and possess many spike protein mutations. Here, we assessed the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against an Omicron variant in Syrian hamsters. Of the mAbs tested (i.e., REGN10987/REGN10933, COV2-2196/COV2-2130, and S309), only COV2-2196/COV2-2130 efficiently inhibited the replication of the Omicron variant in the lungs of hamsters. We also found that treatment of Omicron-infected hamsters with molnupiravir (an inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2) or S-217622 (an inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2) led to a dramatic reduction of virus replication in the lungs. These findings suggest that treatment with the mAb combination COV2-2196/COV2-2130 or the antiviral compounds molnupiravir and S-217622 may be effective against the Omicron variants.
Effect of Oxidative Stress-Induced Autophagy on Proliferation and Apoptosis of hMSCs
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Liu Shaojin , Zheng Weipeng , Liao Zhihao , Chen Sheng , Wei Hewei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Objective:To observe the effect of H2O2 induced oxidative stress on autophagy and apoptosis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).Method: The hBMSCs were separated and cultured by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherence method. They were divided into blank group (with medium only), 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) pretreatment group (with 2 ml of 5 mM 3-MA medium), H2O2 Intervention group (add 2ml medium containing 0.05mM H2O2), H2O2+3-MA treatment group (add 2ml medium containing 5mM 3-MA, then add 2ml medium containing 0.05mM H2O2). DCFH-DA staining was used to detect cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels,and CCK-8 analysis was used to detect the effects of different concentrations (0,50,100,200,400μmol/L) of H2O2 on the proliferation of hBMSCs; Monodansylcadaverine(MDC) Fluorescent amine probe staining, Lysosome Red Fluorescent Probe (Lyso-Tracker Red) staining to observe the level of autophagy; Immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of LC3A/B; Flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI) to detect cell apoptosis Circumstances; Protein chip detection of autophagy-related proteins; Western blot detection of Beclin1, mTOR, p-mTOR, LC3A/B, and Cleaved caspase-3 protein expression.Result: After treating hBMSCs with different concentrations of H2O2 (0,50,100,200,400μmol) for 24h ,48h, and 72h, with the increase of H2O2 concentration, the cell proliferation ability decreased; while with the extension of time, the cell proliferation ability increased not significantly; 50μmol cell proliferation ability is the strongest. Compared with the blank group and 3-MA group, the H2O2 intervention group increased the level of intracellular ROS, increased autophagosomes, and significantly decreased the apoptosis rate; up-regulated Beclin1, mTOR, LC3A/B and Cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and down-regulated p-mTOR Protein expression level. Compared with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA group, the H2O2+3-MA group increased the level of intracellular ROS, increased autophagosomes, and did not significantly increase the apoptosis rate; up-regulated the protein expression of Beclin1, mTOR, LC3A/B and Cleaved caspase-3 Down-regulate the expression of p-mTOR protein.Conclusion: H2O2 can induce hMSCs to produce oxidative stress response. Under oxidative stress conditions, hMSCs can promote protective autophagy and reduce cell apoptosis or the level of apoptosis caused by excessive autophagy.
“ An Efficient One Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Dihydro Pyrazolyl Bithiazole Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents and Their Molecular Docking Studies”
Authors: V Anjaneyulu , VAARLA KRISHNAIAH , Kesharwani RajeshKumar , Panaganti Leelavathi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel series of dihydropyrazolyl bithiazoles were efficiently synthesized through simple reaction conditions via one pot multicomponent reaction of 2-bromo-1-(4-methyl-2-phenyl thiazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (1), thiosemicarbazide (2) and chalcones (3 a-k) in the presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol under reflux condition. The reaction generates two potential five membered heterocylic pharmacophores i.e. Hantzsch thiazole and dihydropyrazole in one step through operational simplicity, shorter reaction time with high yields. The newly synthesized compounds were well characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and Mass spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines and calculated their binding energy values with respect to 3ert protein. The compounds 4f, 4g, 4h and 4j exhibited excellent activity against MCF-7 cancer cell line with IC50 Values of 3.47 ± 0.28, 1.36 ± 0.74, 3.76 ± 0.35 and 4.14 ± 0.26 µM concentrations and studied molecular interaction of probable target protein human Estrogen Receptor Alpha protein (3ert.pdb) using docking simulation.
Comparison of Leg Dynamic Models for Quadrupedal Robots with Compliant Backbone
Authors: Ricaurte Edgar Andres Parra , Pareja Jesus , Dominguez Sergio , ROSSI CLAUDIO 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many quadrupeds are capable of power efficient gaits, especially trot and gallop, thanks to their flexible trunk. The oscillations of the system that includes the backbone, the tendons and musculature, store and release elastic energy, helping a smooth deceleration and a fast acceleration of the hindquarters and forequarters, which improves the dynamics of running and its energy efficiency. Forelegs and hindlegs play a key role in generating the bending moment in the trunk. In this paper we present our studies aimed at modeling and reproducing such phenomena for efficient quadrupedal robot locomotion. We propose a model, called mass-mass-spring model, that overcomes the limitation of existing models, and demonstrate that it allows studying how the masses of the legs generate a flexing force that helps the natural bending of the trunk during gallop. We apply our model to two representative animals, the cheetah and the horse, that adopt different galloping patterns, and compare their energy efficiency.
Translation And Psychometric Testing of The Simplified Version of The Health-Related Diet And Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale In China
Authors: Mao Xia , Zeng Xuefang , Zhong Qinyi , Guo Jia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Measuring health-related diet and exercise self-efficacy is an important first step in improving healthy behaviors and health outcomes. However, we did not find a self-efficacy measurement in Chinese that is specifically targeted at diet and exercise self-efficacy among healthy adults.Aim: The present study aimed to translate the Health-Related Diet and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale -simplified version into Mandarin Chinese (HRDESES) and evaluate its reliability and validity in Chinese healthy adults. Methods: The HRDESES was translated and adapted to the Chinese context, with a good content validity of 0.86 among seven experts. The survey was then carried out in 216 adults in Hunan, China. Testing of the reliability included internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, while validity included content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity. Results: The Cronbach's α of the HRDESES was 0.87 for the total scale, 0.86 for the diet subscale and 0.91 for the exercise subscale, demonstrating good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was 0.88 for the total scale, 0.81 for the diet subscale and 0.82 for the exercise subscale, demonstrating good test-retest reliability. For construct validity, the scale effectively distinguished subjects by age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, and family income, showing good discriminant validity. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure of the scale: diet and exercise subscale. Finally, the HRDESES was highly associated with the General Self-Efficacy Scale, with a correlation coefficient of 0.86 (p<0.05), demonstrating high criterion validity. Conclusion: The HRDESES had good reliability and validity and could be used as a simple and effective tool for assessing the health-related diet and exercise self-efficacy in Chinese healthy adults.
The First-Principles Study On Mo-Doped Monolayer ReS2
Authors: Li He , Wang Ying , Liu Guili , Wei Lin , Wang Duo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations, the electronic structure and optical properties of the Mo-doped monolayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2) model are calculated, as well as the system stability, bond length, charge difference density, band structure, photoabsorption coefficient, system stability, and reflectivity are analyzed. The calculation results show that doping changes the structural stability of the system, which gradually decreases with an increasing concentration of doping. The calculation of bond structure and density of states is indicated that the band gap value of the system decrease continuously to zero with increasing doping concentration, while the average charge population of atoms at doping sites keeps increasing with the better electron-losing ability of atoms. Compared with the intrinsic monolayer ReS2, the peak of systemic reflectivity at different doping concentrations has corresponding degrees of redshift in a certain wavelength range, as demonstrated by the optical properties.
Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Roeper Marcia , Hoermann Henrike , Dafsari Roschan Salimi , Koestner Felix , Mayatepek Ertan , Kummer Sebastian , Reinauer Christina , Meissner Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the mental health, family burden, and quality of life in parents of children with persisting congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). Forty-eight individual parents (75% female) of children with CHI completed self-reported questionnaires and screening tools for anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), quality of life (ULQIE), and family burden (FaBeL). Additional data on sociodemographics, social support, and child- and disease-related data were recorded.29.8% of parents showed major depressive symptoms and 38.3% had a probable general anxiety disorder, including 20.8% who had both. Family burden was moderate and parental assessment of quality of life (PQoL) yielded average scores. Neurological impairment in an affected child (p =.002; p <.001) and lower number of working hours (p =.001; p =.012) were the most powerful predictors of elevated GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores and poor PQoL.Further, comorbidities in the affected child (p =.007) were significantly associated with lower PQoL. Mothers presented with significantly higher scores for anxiety symptoms (p =.006) and lower PQoL (p =.035) than fathers. A higher number of caretakers beyond parents was associated with decreased family burden (p =.019), improved PQoL (p <.001), and improved mental health (p =.021 and p =.016).Conclusions: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are alarmingly prevalent in parents of children with CHI. Psychological screening of parents should be initiated to ensure early identification of psychological strains and psychosocial support should be offered as needed. A good support network and regular professional activities can improve parental mental health and well-being.
Exosome-Mediated Delivery of an Anti-Angiogenic Peptide Inhibits Corneal Neovascularization via VDAC1 and Autophagy
Authors: Chen Wen-Qian , Du Wei , Yu Wen-Zhen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is a crucial reason for the poor prognosis of corneal diseases. KV11, an undecanoic peptide from Kringle Ⅴ domain derived from apolipoprotein(a) is identified to inhibit angiogenesis significantly. Given the poor permeability and instability of small peptide, we aim to use exosome and its anchoring peptide CP05 to deliver KV11 to alkali-burn cornea tissue and inhibit corneal neovascularization.Methods: In vitro, we tested the effect of EXO-KV11 on inhibition of angiogenesis with the method of tube formation, transwell migration assay and CCK-8. In vivo, we used subconjunctival injection of EXO-KV11 to the alkali-burn cornea-induced corneal neovascularization rat model and fluorescent angiography to directly detect the impact on corneal neovascularization. We also revealed the underlying mechanism by western blot.Results: EXO-KV11 was verified to suppress endothelial cells tube formation, migration and proliferation in vitro by tube formation assay, transwell migration assay and CCK-8 assy. EXO-KV11 was more efficiently delivered to cornea tissue and suppressed more corneal neovascularization in alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization model. Furthermore, VDAC1 might be potential receptor for KV11 and KV11 stimulated PERK and blocked up autography flux.Conclusions: We used exosomes to delivery KV11 into cells and cornea tissue. We reported that EXO-KV11 could inhibit angiogenesis more than KV11 both in vitro and in vivo. Thus exosome-CP05 drug delivery system has promising prospect in the future.
Modeling Clinical and Non-clinical Determinants of Intrapartum Stillbirths in Singletons in Six Public Hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: A Case-control Study
Authors: Vanotoo Linda , Dwomoh Duah , Laar Amos , Kotoh Agnes , Adanu Richard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background The Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana records 2000 stillbirths annually and 40 % of them occur intrapartum. An understanding of the contributing factors will facilitate the development of preventive strategies to reduce the huge numbers of intrapartum stillbirths. This study identified determinants of intrapartum stillbirths in GAR.MethodA retrospective 1:2 unmatched case-control study was conducted in six public hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A multivariable ordinary logistic regression model used to quantify the effect of exposures on intrapartum stillbirth. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and the Brier scores were used to screen potential risk factors and assess the predictive performance of the regression models. Results The following maternal factors increased the odds of intrapartum stillbirths: pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [adjusted Odds Ratio; aOR=3.72, 95% CI:1.71-8.10, p<0.001]; antepartum haemorrhage (APH) [aOR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.33-8.10, p<0.05] and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) [aOR=3.36, 95% CI: 1.20-9.40, p<0.05]. Conclusions Improved management of PIH, APH, PROM, and preterm delivery will reduce intrapartum stillbirth. Hospitals should improve on the quality of monitoring women during labor. Auditing of intrapartum stillbirths should be mandatory for all hospitals and Ghana Health Service (GHS) should include fetal autopsy in stillbirth auditing to identify other causes of fetal deaths. Interventions to reduce intrapartum stillbirth must combine maternal, fetal, and service delivery factors to make them effective.