bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' perceptions and experiences of directly observed therapy for TB
Authors: Thomas David , Summers Rachael H 
Published: July 2022

Aim: To understand patients' perceptions and experiences of directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis treatment in the UK. Method: Patients receiving DOT as part of their TB treatment participated in semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews. Data were analysed using a framework approach. Results: Non-adherence was driven by socio-cultural, mental health, employment and discrimination factors. Patients valued DOT for its support and social connection but those in employment feared it could lead to disclosure and social discredit. Conclusion: TB patients experience social isolation and fear discrimination. DOT offers a degree of social connection and support for marginalised patients but fails to tackle fundamental barriers to adherence such as mental health issues, addictions, housing and discrimination. Practice implications: Flexible patient-centred methods of DOT should be offered throughout patients' treatment. Research into multi-agency responsibility for promoting adherence needs to be commissioned, implemented and evaluated. Telemedicine and nurse-led clinics may improve access to care and improve patient experience.
Do you have a fixation with alcohol?
Authors: Yates Laura 
Published: July 2022

Laura Yates discusses what types of wipes are most effective for surface decontamination in the dental practice. Aims & objectives: To inform readers about the different definitions in decontamination To explain why decontamination wipes have increased in popularity To explain the history and use of alcohol in dental decontamination To inform readers about why alcohol alone should not be used on heavily contaminated surfaces Learning outcomes: Readers will understand what role wipes play in the decontamination process and when they should be used Readers will understand the theory behind the use of alcohol in dental decontamination Readers will understand the different options for cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and be able to explain their choice of materials
The prevalence of skin tears and associated factors in hospitalised patients with cancer
Authors: Bandeira Mariana Alves , Schmidt Fernanda Mateus Queiroz , Nogueira Paula C , Rosa Talita , Felizardo Roberto de Miranda , Villela de Castro Diana Lima , Woo Kevin , Santos Vera Lucia Conceição Gouveia 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Oncology patients are vulnerable to skin breakdown. The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of skin tears (STs) in hospitalised patients with cancer and to explore related sociodemographic and clinical factors. Method: This was an observational, epidemiological, cross-sectional study conducted in an oncology hospital in the city of São Paulo. All STs were classified using the STAR Classification adapted and validated for Brazil. Results: Of the 341 patients evaluated, 22 had STs, equating to a prevalence of 6.5%. A higher number of STs were noted on the lower limbs (26.9%) than on other body areas. The main factors associated with STs were the use of anticoagulants, the presence of ecchymosis and the use of incontinence briefs. Conclusion: This study contributed to a better understanding of the epidemiology of STs in hospitalised patients with cancer, as well as its associated factors. Results may inform nursing professionals with regard to the need to develop prevention strategies and early interventions.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of soft tissue necrosis due to centipede bite in a patient with diabetes
Authors: Özer Elif Ebru , Aksam Berrak , Sönmez Ufuk , Özdemir Hülya Özkan 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an option for the management of rapidly progressive tissue necrosis after centipede bites in patients with diabetes. Method: In this case report, we introduce a patient with diabetes with soft tissue necrosis and secondary infection due to a centipede bite, who was treated with a multidisciplinary approach including HBOT. Results: In this case study, HBOT, applied in the treatment of rapidly developing cellulitis after a centipede bite in a patient with diabetes, accelerated wound healing. Deep soft tissue infection stopped progression to necrotising fasciitis and prevented possible amputation, and facilitated the patient's return to social life in a short time. Conclusion: HBOT can be used in combination with other local and systemic, due to its anti-venom effect and treatment of extremity-threatening infection.
Attosecond timing jitter from high repetition rate femtosecond “solid-state fiber lasers”
Authors: Yang Ruoao , Zhao Minghe , Jin Xingang , Li Qian , Chen Zhangyuan , Wang Aimin , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: July 2022

Compact, high repetition rate (

∼

G
H
z

level) femtosecond fiber lasers are attractive for high-precision, high-speed scientific and engineering fields. However, the noise of such a laser seems far higher than low repetition rate ones, which limits its application. Motivated by this challenge, we combined the solid state and the fiber laser into a novel and highly stable “solid-state fiber laser” operating at 840 MHz repetition rate. Benefitting from the robust architecture of “optical cubes,” the laser shows an ultralow timing jitter (130 as) in free-running operation. This is the first time the timing jitter of a high repetition rate fiber laser has been brought to the attosecond level, to the best of our knowledge. This breakthrough makes an impact on the concept that the high repetition rate is associated with high timing jitter in fiber lasers and opens the way for real-world applications of these lasers.
Circadian patterns of heart rate, respiratory rate and skin temperature in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: van Goor Harriët M. R. , van Loon Kim , Breteler Martine J. M. , Kalkman Cornelis J. , Kaasjager Karin A. H. 
Published: July 2022

RationaleVital signs follow circadian patterns in both healthy volunteers and critically ill patients, which seem to be influenced by disease severity in the latter. In this study we explored the existence of circadian patterns in heart rate, respiratory rate and skin temperature of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and aimed to explore differences in circadian rhythm amplitude during patient deterioration.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the general ward of a tertiary hospital between April 2020 and March 2021. Patients were continuously monitored using a wireless sensor and fingertip pulse oximeter. Data was divided into three cohorts: patients who recovered, patients who developed respiratory insufficiency and patients who died. For each cohort, a population mean cosinor model was fitted to detect rhythmicity. To assess changes in amplitude, a mixed-effect cosinor model was fitted.ResultsA total of 429 patients were monitored. Rhythmicity was observed in heartrate for the recovery cohort (p<0.001), respiratory insufficiency cohort (p<0.001 and mortality cohort (p = 0.002). Respiratory rate showed rhythmicity in the recovery cohort (p<0.001), but not in the other cohorts (p = 0.18 and p = 0.51). Skin temperature also showed rhythmicity in the recovery cohort (p<0.001), but not in the other cohorts (p = 0.22 and p = 0.12). For respiratory insufficiency, only the amplitude of heart rate circadian pattern increased slightly the day before (1.2 (99%CI 0.16–2.2, p = 0.002)). In the mortality cohort, the amplitude of heart rate decreased (-1.5 (99%CI -2.6- -0.42, p<0.001)) and respiratory rate amplitude increased (0.72 (99%CI 0.27–1.3, p = 0.002) the days before death.ConclusionA circadian rhythm is present in heart rate of COVID-19 patients admitted to the general ward. For respiratory rate and skin temperature, rhythmicity was only found in patients who recover, but not in patients developing respiratory insufficiency or death. We found no consistent changes in circadian rhythm amplitude accompanying patient deterioration.
Factors associated with the risk of upper respiratory tract bacterial infections among HIV-positive patients
Authors: Skrzat-Klapaczyńska Agata , Paciorek Marcin , Horban Andrzej , Kowalska Justyna D. 
Published: July 2022

Background
The risk and characteristics of upper respiratory tract (URT) bacterial infections (URT-BI) among HIV (+) patients is understudied. We analyzed factors associated with its occurrence and the spectrum of culturable pathogens among patients routinely followed at the HIV Out-Patient Clinic in Warsaw.

Methods
All HIV (+) patients with available URT swab culture were included into analyses. Patients were followed from the day of registration in the clinic until first positive URT swab culture or last clinical visit from January 1, 2007 to July 31, 2016. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with positive URT swabs culture (those with p<0.1 in univariate included into multivariable).

Results
In total 474 patients were included into the analyses, 166 with culturable URT swab. In general, 416 (87.8%) patients were male, 342 (72.1%) were infected through MSM contact, 253 (53.4%) were on antiretroviral therapy. Median follow-up time was 3.4 (1.3–5.7) years, age 35.2 (30.6–42.6) years and CD4+ count 528 (400–685) cells/μl. The most common cultured bacteria were S. aureus (40.4%) and S. pyogenes (13.9%) (Table 1). Patients with culturable URT-BI were more likely to be MSM (68.5% vs 78.9%; p<0.016), have detectable viral load (20.9% vs 12.0%; p<0.0001) and CD4+ cell count <500 cells/μl (55.2% vs 39.0%; p = 0.003) (Table 2). In multivariate survival analyses detectable viral load (HR3.13; 95%Cl: 2.34–4.19) and MSM (1.63;1.09–2.42) were increasing, but older age (0.63;0.58–0.69, per 5 years older) and higher CD4+ count (0.90;0.85–0.95, per 100 cells/μl) decreasing the risk of culturable URT-BI (Table 2).

Conclusions
Culturable URT-BI are common among HIV-positive patients with high CD4+ count. Similarly to general population most common cultured bacteria were S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Risk factors identified in multivariate survival analysis indicate that younger MSM patients with detectable HIV viral load are at highest risk. In clinical practice this group of patients requires special attention.
Zinc deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women’s attending antenatal clinics in public health facilities of Konso Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Agedew Eskeziaw , Tsegaye Behailu , Bante Agegnehu , Zerihun Eshetu , Aklilu Addis , Girma Meseret , Kerebih Hergewoin , Wale Mengistu Zelalem , Yirsaw Mesenbet Terefe 
Published: July 2022

Background
Zinc is an essential mineral known to be important for the normal physiological functions of the immune system. It is one of the basic nutrients required during pregnancy for the normal development and growth of the fetus. However, Zinc deficiency during pregnancy causes irreversible effects on the newborn such as growth impairment, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations and poor birth outcomes. Even though, the effect of Zinc deficiency is devastating during pregnancy, there is scarcity of evidence on Zinc deficiency and related factors among pregnant women in the current study area.

Objective
To assess Zinc deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in public health facilities of Konso Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 424 pregnant mothers. Data were collected using pre tested questionnaire (for interview part), and 5 blood sample was drawn for serum zinc level determination. Data were entered to Epi-Data version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed and independent variables with a p-value ≤ 0.25 were included in multivariable analysis. Serum zinc level was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy by applying clean and standard procedures in the laboratory. Finally adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence level, P-value < 0.05 was used to identify significant factors for Zinc deficiency.

Result
The prevalence of Zinc deficiency was found to be 128 (30.26%) with the mean serum zinc level of 0.56±0.12 g/dl. Age, 25–34 years [AOR 2.14 (1.19,3.82)], and 35–49 years [AOR 2.59 (1.15, 5.85)], type of occupation, farming [AOR 6.17 (1.36, 28.06)], lack of antenatal follow up during pregnancy [AOR 3.57 (1.05,12.14)], lack of freedom to purchase food items from market [AOR 3.61 (1.27, 10.27)], and inadequate knowledge on nutrition [AOR 3.10(1.58, 6.08)] were factors associated with Zinc deficiency.

Conclusion
Zinc deficiency is a public health problem among pregnant mothers in the current study area. Improving maternal nutritional knowledge, motivating to have frequent antenatal follow up, and empowering to have financial freedom to purchase food items from market were the modifiable factors to reduce Zinc deficiency. Nutritional intervention that focused on improving nutritional knowledge and insuring access to Zinc sources food items should be delivered for pregnant mothers.
Explanation, persistence, and location
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano , Buonomo Valerio 
Published: July 2022

According to the “received view” the disagreement between endurantism and perdurantism is ontological and concerns the existence of temporal parts of continuants. In a recent paper, (Wasserman 2016) argues that the ontological conception of these theories does not address the crucial point: explaining the way things persist. According to Wasserman, perdurantism is not just the view that things have temporal parts; it is the view that things persist by (or in virtue of) having temporal parts. Moreover, in the last decade an alternative understanding of the dispute between endurantism and perdurantism, the so called “locative turn”, has lead to an understanding of these two theories as concerning crucially locational rather than mereological notions. Our main aim in this paper is to bring together those two revisionary approaches to the received view, and show how they can enrich each other and open up further dimension of the debate. Finally in the last section we focus on some of the non-standard accounts of persistence and location that arise from this approach, such as “autonomism of persistence and location” and “reverse locational endurantism/perdurantism”.
The Emergence and Evolution of Criminal Tattoos in Russia
Authors: Grachev Michael 
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes various points of view on the emerging of criminal tattoos in Russia, follows the stages of their evolution. Tattoo systematic character is particularly noted, as well as the beginning of its study in the 20-30s of the twentieth century. The author gives five stable modern groups of tattoos. The proposed scientific material is a continuation of the author's two previous articles on criminal pictographic bodyart published in the journal "Jurislinguistics" (see Grachev M.A. Problems of studying pictographic writing by linguistic experts //JURISLINGUISTICS, 2021. No.20(31). pp.9-13; Grachev M.A. On the construction of a methodology for establishing a person's belonging to the highest criminal hierarchy according to pictographic criminal writing JURISLINGUISTICS, 2021. No.21(32). pp.26-30).
The periodization of the emerging of pictographic criminal bodyart deserves special attention in the article: the author identifies five stages of its existence.
It is important to note that tattoo looks remained stable from the 30s to the 70s of the twentieth century. This was due to the strong positions of the elite of the criminal world – code-bound thieves. In the 70s, when the erosion of the "thieves' idea" begins, a number of tattoos lose their original meaning, especially tattoo drawings. The article focuses on the practical use of scientific material, namely: a researcher (prosecutor, court, lawyer, etc.) needs theoretical knowledge about theemerging of tattoos in Russia. These data will be in special demand by linguist-experts.The author of the article emphasizes that a significant part of criminal tattoos is already losing its original meaning, and there is also a mixture of criminal tattoos with civil ones.
Development of the Category "Women's Rights" in the Texts of International Legal Acts
Authors: Golovinov Alexander , Golovinova Yulia 
Published: July 2022

The given publication presents a study of enshrining and development of the category of "women's rights" in the current system of international legal acts. The authors emphasize the key role of the United Nations in ensuring and protecting women's rights. Therefore, the norm-setting function of the UN is of general importance for the implementation of the policy of gender equality and the protection of women's rights.
On the basis of a hermeneutic analysis of conventional acts, an attempt is made to show the positions of the international legislator regarding the content of the category "women's rights" and the closely related concept of "gender equality".
Having made an attempt at a terminological analysis of the definitions under study, the authors have shown that, doctrinally, the international legislator has not considered women's rights in isolation from those of men and provided for the arrangement of equal identical rights of both sexes. It has been found that in the 1950s specialized regulations for the development of the concept of "women's rights" were actively developed and adopted. Of particular importance is the Convention on the Political Rights of Women adopted by the UN General Assembly.
As a result, the article states that progress in defining the concept and content of "women's rights" proceeded evolutionarily. Conventions and pacts in this area were progressively adopted, women were given equal rights with men. On the way to achieving gender equality on the global scale, international acts ordered states to bind the principles of equal rights for men and women in their constitutions and current legislation.
THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN ROMANCE AND FAITH: STUDY OF THE DA'WAH MESSAGE IN THE MOVIE "AJARI AKU ISLAM"
Authors: Ernawati Arni 
Published: July 2022

The form of Islamic da'wah is currently very rapidly advancing, as is the use of its da'wah media. Da'wah symbols are made more interesting for everyone. In the past, da’wah was delivered through events such as recitation or other formal educational events. One form of media used for da’wah is through film work. In 2019 the national film industry was enlivened by films with islamic themes. A film called “Ajari Aku Islam” carrying the theme of love wrapped in islamic background. In addition to being a means of entertainment, this film also contains messages of da’wah. By packaging da'wah in films, it is hoped that it can be a solution to improve the religious community. Combining pop themes or those currently favored by the community is also very useful for making films containing da'wah that can attract the attention of the audience. Attractive da'wah packaging is very much needed by today's people who really prioritize taste. The researcher uses a descriptive qualitative approach to reveal the message in the film that has been reviewed with semiotic theory. This paper found that maintaining faith is very important for Muslims and places faith above all else.The film combines Islamic da'wah wrapped in a romance story of teenagers of different religions. There was a very important da'wah message, one of them is as Muslims we must always maintain our faith until we die. Maintaining faith and Islam is very important for Muslims to do in any condition.
Generalized forms of fractional Euler and Runge–Kutta methods using non-uniform grid
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Erturk Vedat Suat , Murillo-Arcila Marina , Harley Charis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, we propose generalized forms of three well-known fractional numerical methods namely Euler, Runge–Kutta 2-step, and Runge–Kutta 4-step, respectively. The new versions we provide of these methods are derived by utilizing a non-uniform grid which is slightly different from previous versions of these algorithms. A new generalized form of the well-known Caputo-type fractional derivative is used to derive the results. All necessary analyses related to the stability, convergence, and error bounds are also provided. The precision of all simulated results is justified by performing multiple numerical experiments, with some meaningful problems solved by implementing the code in Mathematica. Finally, we give a brief discussion on the simulated results which shows that the generalized methods are novel, effective, reliable, and very easy to implement.
Rational soliton solutions in the nonlocal coupled complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equations
Authors: Li Miao , Zhang Yi , Ye Rusuo , Lou Yu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, our work oversees with the nonlocal coupled complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equations (cmKdV), which is a nonlocal generalization for coupled cmKdV equations. The n-fold Darboux transformation (DT) is constructed in the form of determinants for the nonlocal coupled cmKdV equations. Via generalized DT method, we obtain the rational soliton solutions describing M-shaped soliton, W-shaped soliton, and the interactions on the plane wave and periodic background. The results can be useful to study the dynamical behaviors of soliton solutions in nonlocal wave models.
“Tonghua” Theory and a Holistic View of Chinese Films
Authors: Li Daoxin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Similar to “Kongqi” (air) theory, “Tonghua” (assimilation) theory describes the holistic thought and aesthetic spirit of Chinese films. From “Zihua” (self-enlightenment), “Huaren” (enlightening people), to “Tonghua” (assimilation), “Tonghua” theory describes an approach to film thinking that transcends the barriers of race and class as well as the binary opposition of evolution and degeneration and enters the free realm of film thought and aesthetic representation through the subject’s introspection and persuasion in body and mind as well as the communication and interaction between on-screen and off-screen. Based on both creative practice and theoretical criticism, “Tonghua” theory concerns all aspects between human and universe, human and nature, human and human, and the whole process from film production to consumption. Through the operational mechanism of mutual attraction, induction, and connection, an atmosphere of enlightenment and harmony is achieved through the unity of nature and human beings, providing endless vitality and empathic resonance in Chinese films.
The application of an artificial neural network for 2D coordinate transformation
Authors: Abbas Ahmed Imad , Alhamadani Oday Y. M. , Mohammed Mamoun Ubaid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClark1880, WGS1984, and ITRF08 are the reference systems used in Iraq. The ITRF08 and WGS84 represent the global reference frames. In the majority of instances, the transformation from one coordinate system to another is required. The ability of the artificial neural network (ANN) to identify the connection between two coordinate systems without the need for a mathematical model is one of its most significant benefits. In this study, an ANN was employed for two-dimensional coordinate transformation from local Clark1880 to the global reference system ITRF08. To accomplish so, 68 stations with known coordinates in both systems were utilized in this research and were split into two groups: the first set of data (38 stations) was used as the training data and the second set of data (38 stations) was used as the validation data. A root-mean-square error (RMSE) was used to examine the performance of each transformation. The results showed that the RMSE using the ANN was 0.08 m in the east and 0.17 m in the north. The results indicated that the ANN can be used for 2D coordinate transformation with the results that are better than those of the authorized techniques such as 2D conformal transformation and 2D conformal least square.