bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐DC offshore wind farms: When are they more cost‐effective than AC designs?
Authors: Timmers Victor , Egea‐Àlvarez Agustí , Gkountaras Aris , Li Rui , Xu Lie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of MVDC collector systems has been proposed as a way to reduce the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of offshore wind farms. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the conditions required for such all‐DC wind farms to be cost‐effective. A comprehensive LCOE analysis of two AC and two all‐DC wind farm designs is performed, with sensitivity studies on wind farm size, distance from shore, collector voltage, and component costs. The results show that for MVDC‐based wind farms to be more cost‐effective than equivalent HVDC wind farms, the DC/DC converter cost must be less than 90% of the cost of an equivalent MMC, with a cost reduction of 25% for the DC platform. Alternatively, if cost reductions of 30% can be achieved for the DC platform, then the DC/DC converter can be the same cost as an equivalent MMC. For all‐MVDC wind farms without HVDC conversion stage to have the lowest LCOE, the collector voltage must be increased, preferably to ±100 kV or above. The all‐MVDC configuration can also become cost‐effective if a reduction of more than 50% in the cable installation cost can be achieved, for example, through the simultaneous burial of multiple cables.
Psoriasis – Differentialdiagnosen und Therapie
Authors: Schneider Simon , Li Linda , Zink Alexander 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Psoriasis vulgaris, syn. Schuppenflechte, stellt eine der häufigsten ambulanten als auch stationären Behandlungsdiagnosen der Dermatologie dar. Die klassischerweise durch erythematosquamöse Plaques gekennzeichnete Hauterkrankung ist mit einem chronisch schubweisen Verlauf, sowie verschiedenen Komorbiditäten assoziiert. Die Patienten leiden im Falle einer Plaque-Psoriasis an typischen rötlichen, scharf begrenzten Plaques mit einer festhaftenden, groblamellären und weißlich-silbrigen Schuppung, wobei dies je nach Subtyp variieren kann. Typische Komorbiditäten aufgrund einer systemischen Inflammation betreffen unter anderem das kardiovaskuläre System, als auch den Bewegungsapparat. Neuartige, systemische Therapien ermöglichen es mittlerweile auch schwer Betroffenen eine Therapie-Option anzubieten und die Lebensqualität um ein hohes Maß zu steigern.
Positionspapier Herzinsuffizienz und Diabetes
Authors: Schütt Katharina , Aberle Jens , Bauersachs Johann , Birkenfeld Andreas , Frantz Stefan , Ganz Manfred , Jacob Stephan , Kellerer Monika , Leschke Matthias , Liebetrau Christoph , Marx Nikolaus , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Raake Philip , Schulze Paul Christian , Tschöpe Diethelm , von Haehling Stephan , Zelniker Thomas A. , Forst Thomas 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDiabetes mellitus (DM) stellt eine wichtige Komorbidität bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz dar, die maßgeblich die Prognose der Patienten determiniert. Von entscheidender Bedeutung zur Verbesserung der Prognose dieser Hochrisiko-Patienten ist daher eine frühzeitige Diagnostik und differenzierte medikamentöse Therapie mit Ausschöpfung aller möglichen Therapieoptionen und Absetzen potenziell schädlicher Substanzen. Das gemeinsame Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK) und der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG) fasst die vorhandene wissenschaftliche Evidenz zusammen und gibt Empfehlungen, was bei der Diagnose und Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz und des DM zu beachten ist, um die Prognose zu verbessern.
Achieving Correct Axis and Good Depth in Gender Affirming Vaginoplasties by Penile-Perineoscrotal Flap Vaginoplasty
Authors: Gupta Richie , Gupta Rajat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives Vaginoplasty as a part of feminizing genitoplasty (FG) in transwomen helps alleviate gender dysphoria and improves mental health, sexual and psychosocial functioning, and quality of life in these individuals. Penile inversion technique (PSFV) remains the gold standard procedure for FG with least morbidity but has inherent limitations often resulting in inadequate depth and incorrect (posteroinferior) vaginal axis, precluding sexual intercourse.
Material and Methods Over the past 27 years, the senior author has refined his technique considerably incorporating several modifications penile perineo-scrotal flap vaginoplasty (PPSFV) to overcome the limitations in PSFV. Most of these modifications were in place by March 2015. Out of 630 primary FGs, retrospective review of all PPSFV with minimum 6 months follow-up operated during the period March 2015 to July 2020 was done for intra and postoperative complications.
Results There were 183 patients who underwent PPSFV during the study period. Average follow-up was 31 (6–62) months. There were no cases of injury to bladder, rectum, urethral stenosis, or neovaginal prolapse. Average operative time was 4 hours and eight (4.37%) patients required blood transfusion. The vaginal depth was 13 to 14 cm or more in 159 (86.88%), 10 to 12 cm in 17 (9.29%), and 7.5 to 9 cm in seven (3.82%) patients. Ten (5.46%) patients complained of intravaginal hair growth. Touch up procedures in the form of anterior commissure and labia plasty were required in 13 (7.10%) patients. All (100%) patients had good clitoral sensitivity and preserved posterosuperior vaginal axis. One-hundred thirty nine (75.96%) patients were able to have satisfactory penetrative sexual intercourse, while 39 (21.31%) had not attempted intercourse and five (2.73%) complained of poor sexual experience on account of inadequate vaginal dimensions.
Conclusion PPSFV addresses the limitations in PSFV and results in good vaginal depth and posterosuperior axis, which facilitates penetrative sexual intercourse, at the same time, avoiding potential complications of procedures such as intestinal vaginoplasties.
Perioperative Assessment of Difficult Airway Using Ultrasound—A Prospective Study
Authors: Ankad Vishwanath , Chandrashekar Manjunatha , Hiremath Sahana , Hasaraddi Geetha S. , Babu Ramesh 
Published: July 2022

Background
The study was conducted with the aim of determining the usefulness of ultrasonography in assessment of difficult airway preoperatively to compare and correlate airway assessment done clinically and airway viewed ultra sonographically with Cormack–Lehane classification of the direct laryngoscopy.

Methodology
This prospective, observational trial consists of total 150 patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia. The measurements recorded were interincisor gap, modified Mallampati’s classification, and thyromental distance and the airway assessment of ultrasound done. Based on the Cormack–Lehane classification of laryngoscopic view, patients were classified into different groups: group A—easy intubation and group B—difficult intubation, at the end of the study.

Results
In both the groups, demographic data were similar except weight, which was significant in group B. Ultrasound measurements of airway done at four levels—hyoid bone, suprasternal-notch, thyroid isthmus, and thyroid—were increased in group B compared with group A, with p-values 0.0002, 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively, showing significant results.

Conclusion
On the basis of our study, we conclude that by measuring the thickness of soft tissues in the anterior part of neck with ultrasound difficult airway can be predicted, thus ultrasound can be used for assessing difficult airway preoperatively.
Comparison of the Time Required by Six Different Retreatment Techniques for Retrieval of Gutta-Percha: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Indi Shreeshail , Desai Shrikar R. , Hambire Ashwini , Mustafa Mohammed , Almokhatieb Ahmed A. , Abuelqomsan Mohammed Ali Salem , Abdulwahed Abdulaziz , Alamri Hadi Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective A retreatment is a conservative approach than periapical surgery in case of failed root canal treatment. Retreatment techniques that are efficient and faster should be the main concern to treat endodontic failure. This study aimed to compare the time required by various hand and rotary retreatment systems for the retrieval of gutta-percha (GP) from root canals.
Materials and Methods A total of 120 extracted single-rooted premolar teeth with straight canals were chosen. Biomechanical preparation was completed using the Step-Back approach keeping the master apical file size 35. Then, teeth were down-packed and back-filled with System B device, along with AH Plus sealer. The teeth were categorized into six groups (n = 20) at random as per techniques applied for retrieval of GP: group I hand instrumentation (Hedstrom files and Gates-Glidden drills); group II ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) system; group III Mtwo Retreatment (Mtwo R) system; group IV D-RaCe; group V R-Endo; and group VI Mani Gutta Percha Remover (NRT-GPR). A chronometer was used to measure the time required for retrieval of GP. Data were examined by comparative evaluation of one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test.
Results Among all the retreatment techniques used, D-RaCe was faster in GP retrieval than other groups. NRT-GPR system also took less time than other groups except for the D-RaCe system. The Mtwo R system was the slowest among all groups.
Conclusion D-RaCe retreatment instruments required extensively less time for retrieval of GP than other groups (p < 0.001).
Efficacy of Autologous Intra-articular Platelet Rich Plasma Injection as a Biological Adjuvant in Early Primary Osteoarthrosis Knee—A Prospective Study
Authors: Sakharkar Nilesh Shravan , Tathe Pankaj Vijay , Mitra Sajal R. , Adewar Aniket N. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Classical characteristics of osteoarthrosis are reduction or loss of articular cartilage, new bone formation, accompanied by synovial proliferation resulting in pain, loss of joint function, and disability. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been used to provide stimulus for local regeneration and healing. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the clinical outcome and efficacy of injecting PRP intra-articularly in early primary osterarthrosis knee.

Objective
Prospective study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the clinical outcome of efficacy of injection of PRP in early primary osteoarthrosis knee with respect to pain, stiffness, function and quality of life, in short-term follow-up. Attempt was made to standardize protocol and formulate PRP.

Materials and Methods
Patients were divided into two groups: one treated with two autologous PRP injections at 2 weeks interval and second received symptomatic treatment with physiotherapy. Patients were prospectively evaluated at baseline and then at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of follow-up using the visual analog scale (VAS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) score, and range of movements.

Results
There was reduction in VAS score in group 1 patients compared with group 2 patients with the p-value <0.0001 which was highly significant. There was a significant improvement in WOMAC score at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months in group 1 compared with group 2 patients.

Conclusion
Autologous PRP in osteoarthrosis of knee has emerged as a simple technique, sensitive procedure, and cost-effective treatment option. Administration of intra-articular PRP injections reduced the VAS score significantly and also a significant improvement in the WOMAC score was observed in patients who were treated with PRP injection. The two doses of injection of PRP were found to give adequate relief in short term of 6 months and further long-term studies are required.
A Population-Level Summary of Health Care Utilization for the Management of Patellar Tendinopathy in the Military Health System
Authors: Young Jodi L. , Schroeder Jeremy D. , Westrick Richard B. , Nowak Matthew , Rhon Daniel I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPatellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common nontraumatic orthopaedic disorder of the knee suffered by many service members. Understanding the make-up of usual care for PT at the system level can better frame current clinical gaps and areas that need improvement. Exercise therapy is recommended as a core treatment for PT, but it is unclear how often it is used as a part of usual care for PT within the Military Health System (MHS). The purpose of the study was to identify interventions used in the management of PT and the timing of these interventions. A secondary purpose was to determine if exercise therapy use was associated with reduced recurrence of knee pain. In total, 4,719 individuals aged 17 to 50 years in the MHS diagnosed with PT between 2010 and 2011 were included. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, visits to specialty providers, and imaging services were captured. Descriptive statistics were used to report the findings. Interventions were further categorized as being part of initial care (within the first 7 days), the initial episode of care (within the first 60 days), or the 2-year time period after diagnosis. Linear regression assessed the relationship between the number of exercise therapy visits in the initial episode of care and recurrences of knee pain. In total, 50.6% of this cohort had no more than one medical visit total for PT. Exercise therapy (18.2%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (4.3%) were the two most used interventions in the initial episode of care. Radiographs were ordered for 23.1% of the cohort in the initial episode of care. The number of exercise therapy visits a patient received during the initial episode of care was not associated with recurrences of knee pain. Half of the individuals received no further care beyond an initial visit for the diagnosis of PT. Exercise therapy was the most common intervention used during the initial episode of care, but exercise therapy did not influence the recurrence of knee pain.
Self-trapped excitons in diamond: A Δ-SCF approach
Authors: Mackrodt William C. , Platonenko Alexander , Dovesi Roberto 
Published: July 2022

This paper reports the first variationally based predictions of the lowest excited state in diamond (Γ25′ → Γ15) in the unrelaxed (optical) and structurally relaxed (thermal) configurations, from direct Δ-self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations based on B3LYP, PBE0, HSE06, and GGA functionals. For the B3LYP functional, which has the best overall performance, the energy of the optical state, 7.27 eV, is within the observed range of (7.2–7.4) eV and is predicted to be insulating, with indirect bandgaps of (5.6–5.8) eV. Mulliken analyses of the excited state wavefunction indicate extensive redistributions of charge and spin resulting in a strongly excitonic state with a central charge of −0.8ǀeǀ surrounded by charges of +0.12ǀeǀ at the four nearest neighbor sites. The thermally relaxed state is predicted to be similarly excitonic, with comparable bandgaps and atomic charges. Calculations of the ground and excited state relaxations lead to a Stokes shift of 0.47 eV and predicted Γ-point luminescence energy of 6.89 eV. Assuming a similar shift at the band edge (X1), an estimate of 5.29 eV is predicted for the luminescence energy, which compares with the observed value of 5.27 eV. Excited state vibrational spectra show marked differences from the ground state, with the introduction of an infrared peak at 1150 cm−1 and a modest shift of 2 cm−1 in the TO(X) Raman mode at 1340 cm−1. Similar calculations of the lowest energy bi- and triexcitons predict these to be bound states in both optical and thermal configurations and plausible precursors to exciton condensation. Estimates of bi- and triexciton luminescence energies predict red shifts with respect to the single exciton line, which are compared to the recently reported values.
Biological additives improved qualities,
Authors: Ahmed M. A. , Rafii M. Y. , Ain Izzati M. Z. Nur , Khalilah A. K. , Awad E. A. , Kaka U. , Chukwu S. C. , Liang J. B. , Sazili A. Q. 
Published: July 2022

Context The amelioration of low-quality cheap feed for livestock production has become a huge challenge faced by the livestock producers coupled with the illicit disposal of the straw, which causes global environmental nuisance through burning and health impairment. Aims The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of biological additives on nutrient profiles, silage quality, in vitro rumen fermentation in different varieties of rice straw silage; ML4, ML10, ML21, ML24, MR219 and Putra-1 were ensiled with water (control), enzyme (E) and a combination of bacteria and enzyme (BE) in a complete randomised design (CRD) experiment. Methodology The rice straw varieties, obtained from the paddy research farm were chopped to ∼2–3 cm, treated according to the above treatments to attain 70% moisture content and compressed in a 1 L jar and ensiled for 30 days. Key results Crude protein (CP) in the treated rice straw silage was higher than in the control. The treatment with BE had a lower neutral detergent fibre (42.31%) and a lower acid detergent fibre (21.08%) concentration for Putra-1 than did other treatments (E and control) and varieties. For the silage extract, the lowest pH, NH3, butyric acid and propionic acid were obtained in the BE treatment in most of the rice straw varieties. In addition, straw treated with BE had the highest lactic acid content, in vitro gas production kinetics, digestibility, and rumen fermentation, compared with the E and control treatments. Conclusion This study showed that a BE treatment effectively improved the quality of rice straw silage, with the Putra-1 variety giving the most outstanding result. Implication Selection of the appropriate biological treatment and variety of rice straw is important to improve straw quality. However, the treated rice straw needs further evaluation for its in vivo efficacy.
Antibody-mediated blockade for galectin-3 binding protein in tumor secretome abrogates PDAC metastasis
Authors: Choi Yeon-Sook , Kim Myung Ji , Choi Eun A. , Kim Sinae , Lee Eun ji , Park Min Ji , Kim Mi-Ju , Kim Yeon Wook , Ahn Hee-Sung , Jung Jae Yun , Jang Gayoung , Kim Yongsub , Kim Hyori , Kim Kyunggon , Kim Jin Young , Hong Seung-Mo , Kim Song Cheol , Chang Suhwan 
Published: July 2022

The major challenges in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) management are local or distant metastasis and limited targeted therapeutics to prevent it. To identify a druggable target in tumor secretome and to explore its therapeutic intervention, we performed a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)–based proteomic analysis of tumors obtained from a patient-derived xenograft model of PDAC. Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) is identified as a highly secreted protein, and its overexpression is further validated in multiple PDAC tumors and primary cells. Knockdown and exogenous treatment of Gal-3BP showed that it is required for PDAC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, we revealed that Gal-3BP enhances galectin-3–mediated epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, leading to increased cMyc and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. To explore the clinical impact of these findings, two antibody clones were developed, and they profoundly abrogated the metastasis of PDAC cells in vivo. Altogether, our data demonstrate that Gal-3BP is an important therapeutic target in PDAC, and we propose its blockade by antibody as a therapeutic option for suppressing PDAC metastasis.
Tandem interaction enhancement
Authors: Nuzzo Elena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the applicability of the construct of focus on form, one of Michael Long’s most prominent contributions to the field of instructed second language acquisition, in the very particular context of tandem learning. In tandem interactions, two partners learning each other’s language assume in turn the role of the native-speaker teacher. These low-structured learning environments would benefit from the implementation of focus-on-form pedagogical procedures including, but not limited to, corrective feedback. An external manipulation on the part of the tandem organizer, which I call ‘interaction enhancement’, is needed to push the partners to systematically and confidently apply focus-on-form techniques to their exchanges.
Immediate versus delayed oral negative feedback
Authors: Granena Gisela , Yilmaz Yucel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Long’s Interaction Hypothesis (1981, 1983) provides a theoretical framework for understanding how interaction can contribute to second language (L2) acquisition. Specifically, negative feedback provided during interaction is viewed as a feature that can facilitate L2 development by drawing learners’ attention to problematic forms (Long, 1996). Long’s influential hypotheses were originally formulated in the context of face-to-face conversational interaction and, therefore, negative feedback was understood as feedback that is provided immediately to the learner in oral conversation. However, negative feedback cannot always be provided immediately to L2 learners. In distance language learning settings where the L2 is learned online and where communication between learner and instructor may take place asynchronously, feedback cannot be provided during a communicative task and it is provided at a later time, for example, at the end of a teaching unit.
Bayesian analysis of nuclear polarizability corrections to the Lamb shift of muonic H-atoms and He-ions
Authors: Li Muli S S , Acharya B , Hernandez O J , Bacca S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The extraction of nuclear charge radii from spectroscopy experiments in muonic atoms is currently limited by the large uncertainties associated with the theoretical evaluation of the nuclear polarizability effects. To facilitate calculations, these polarizability corrections are conventionally expressed as an expansion in a dimensionless parameter η, which has been argued in previous literature to hold an approximate value of 0.33 in light-nuclear systems. In this work, we check this claim by doing a Bayesian analysis of the nuclear-polarizability corrections to the Lamb shift in μ
2H and μ
3H atoms and in μ
3He+ and μ
4He+ ions at various orders in the η-expansion. Our analysis supports the claim that η ≪ 1 in these systems and finds truncation uncertainties that are similar to the previous estimate, the only exception being the truncation uncertainties in the μ
3He+ ion, which are found to be larger.
The optimal placement of piezoelectric actuator and sensor for active structural noise control of plates
Authors: Wu Tao , Chen Zhaobo , Qu Jianjun , Yu Dong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The location optimization of actuators and sensors is a very important step when applying Active Structure Acoustic Control to practical engineering. A good actuator arrangement not only achieves a more effective control effect, but also reduces the required control energy, and a good sensor arrangement can help to collect more obvious and useful information. However, in some commonly used optimization programs, the influence of noise radiation is often ignored and only the controllability of structural vibration is concerned, which may cause the control force to control some modes with low noise radiation, but the modes that need to be controlled cannot be controlled. Therefore, this paper proposes a location optimization method of piezoelectric actuators and sensors in active noise control based on acoustic radiation, and formulates a new cost function, that is, the acoustic power is added as a weight function to the optimization criterion, so that the control energy can control these strong radiation modes as much as possible; at the same time, the Multi-Verse Optimizer algorithm is also improved, and through the optimization of the wormhole existence probability and travelling distance rate, the global search ability of the algorithm is improved to avoid the algorithm from entering the local in-depth development. In addition, the MVO algorithm suitable for continuous variables is discretized to adapt to the optimization problem in this paper.