bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A synopsis of Neotropical Dichapetalaceae
Authors: Prance Ghillean T. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe Neotropical Dichapetalaceae was last monographed by Prance (1972). Since then twenty-nine new species have been described and the known geographic distribution of many species has been much extended. The 1972 treatment is updated here with summary descriptions of all Neotropical species and keys for their identification. New information on type collections and on conservation including the IUCN Red Data status for all species is given and several older names are now lectotypified.
Low-cost soybean input bundles impact women farmers’ subsistence livelihood traps: evidence from Ghana
Authors: Ragsdale Kathleen , Read-Wahidi Mary R. , Zhou Qian M. , Clark Kerry , Asigbee Mawuli A. K. , Tamimie Courtney , Goldsmith Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Soybean Uptake and Network Survey was administered to a random sample of 832 smallholder male and female farmers in northern Ghana to explore gender and other factors related to soybean production. We investigated the effect of receiving a Soybean Success Kit (i.e., certified seed, fertilizer, inoculum) on soybean yield and income from soybean, controlling for factors such as gender. This analysis includes farmers who 1) resided in districts where Kits were distributed, 2) planted soybean in the past 12 months, and 3) for whom we had complete information for district and gender (n = 371). When results were disaggregated by gender among Kit recipients, average soybean yield (ASY) for males was 108% and average soybean income (ASI) was 97% of that for females. When results were disaggregated by gender among Kit non-recipients, ASY for males was 142% and ASI was 147% of that for females. When results for males were disaggregated by whether the respondent received a Kit, ASY for male Kit recipients was 113% and ASI was 112% of that for male non-recipients. When results for females were disaggregated by whether the respondent received a Kit, ASY for female Kit recipients was 148% and ASI was 170% of that for female non-recipients. These results suggest that providing smallholder female farmers with access to low-cost (˂USD6) input bundles to which they customarily have little or no access can help eliminate the gender gap in agricultural productivity. These results may be applicable to other sub-Saharan Africa countries, where targeting smallholder female farmers as input bundle beneficiaries may positively impact agricultural productivity.
Synthesis and evaluation of wound healing properties of hydro-diab hydrogel loaded with green-synthetized AGNPS: in vitro and in ex vivo studies
Authors: Ruffo Mariarosa , Parisi Ortensia Ilaria , Dattilo Marco , Patitucci Francesco , Malivindi Rocco , Pezzi Vincenzo , Tzanov Tzanko , Puoci Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn diabetic patients, the presence of neuropathy, peripheral vascular diseases and ischemia, leads to the formation of foot ulcerations with a higher risk of infection because the normal response to bacterial infection is missing. In the aim to control and treat diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs), wound dressings that are able to absorb exudate, to prevent infections, and to promote wound healing are needed. For this reason, the aim of the present research was to synthetize a biocompatible hydrogel (called HyDrO-DiAb) composed of carboxymethylcellulose loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. In this study, AgNPs were obtained by a green synthesis and, then, were dissolved in a CMC hydrogel that, after a freeze drying process, becomes a flexible and porous structure. The in vitro and in ex vivo wound healing activity of the obtained HyDrO-DiAb hydrogel was evaluated.
Graphical abstract
Abundance of independent sequences in compact spaces and Boolean algebras
Authors: Avilés Antonio , Martínez-Cervantes Gonzalo , Plebanek Grzegorz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt follows from a theorem of Rosenthal that a compact space iscccif and only if its every Eberlein continuous image is metrizable. Motivated by this result, for a class of compact spaces$${\mathcal {C}}$$Cwe define its orthogonal$${\mathcal {C}}^\perp $$C⊥as the class of all compact spaces for which every continuous image in$${\mathcal {C}}$$Cis metrizable. We study how this operation relates classes where centeredness is scarce with classes where it is abundant (like Eberlein andccccompacta), and also classes where independence is scarce (most notably weakly Radon-Nikodým compacta) with classes where it is abundant. We study these problems for zero-dimensional compact spaces with the aid of Boolean algebras, and show the main difficulties that arise when we deal with general settings. Our main results are the constructions of several relevant examples.
Assessment on facile Diels–Alder approach of α-pyrone and terpenoquinone for the expedient synthesis of various natural scaffolds
Authors: Rammohan Aluru , Khasanov Albert F. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Gunasekar Duvvuru , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of highly facile synthetic procedures for the expedient synthesis of complex natural molecules is always in demand. As this aspect, the Diels–Alder reaction (DAR) has a versatile approach to the synthesis of complex natural compounds and highly regio-/stereoselcetive heterocyclic scaffolds. Additionally, α-pyrone and terpenoquinone are two versatile key intermediates that are prevalent in various bioactive natural compounds for instance, (±)-crinine, (±)-joubertinamine, (±)-pancratistatin, (−)-cyclozonarone, and 8-ephipuupehedione, etc. Hence, the current review summarizes the Diels–Alder reaction application of α-pyrone and terpenoquinone to the constructive synthesis of various natural products over the past two decades (2001–2021). Equally, it serves as a stencil for the invention and development of new synthetic strategies for high-complex molecular structured natural and heterocyclic molecules.
Graphical Abstract
The relative contribution of diurnal and nocturnal glucose exposures to HbA1c in type 1 diabetes males: a pooled analysis
Authors: Campbell Matthew D. , West Daniel J. , O’Mahoney Lauren L. , Pearson Sam , Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Holmes Mel , Ajjan Ramzi A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The exact contribution of daily glucose exposure to HbA1c in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains controversial. We examined the contribution of pre- and postprandial glycaemia, nocturnal and early-morning glycaemia, and glycaemic variability to HbA1c levels in T1D. In this analysis, we used clinical data, namely age, BMI and HbA1c, as well as glycaemic metrics (24-h glycaemia, postprandial, nocturnal, early-morning glycaemia, wake-up glucose, and glycaemic variability) obtained over a four-week period of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) wear in thirty-two males with T1D.

Methods
The trapezoid method was used estimate the incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC) for 24-h, postprandial (3-h period following breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively), nocturnal (between 24:00–04:00 AM), and early-morning (2-h period 2-h prior to wake-up) glycaemia. Linear regression analysis was employed whereby CGM-derived glycaemic metrics were explanatory variables and HbA1c was the outcome.

Results
Thirty-two T1D males (mean ± SD: age 29 ± 4 years; HbA1c 7.3 ± 0.9% [56 ± 13 mmol/mol]; BMI 25.80 ± 5.01 kg/m2) were included in this analysis. In linear models adjusted for age and BMI, HbA1c was associated with 24-h mean glucose (r2 = 0.735, p < 0.001), SD (r2 = 0.643, p = 0.039), and dinner iAUC (r2 = 0.711, p = 0.001). CGM-derived metrics and non-glycaemic factors explained 77% of the variance in HbA1c, in which postprandial glucose accounted for 32% of the variance explained. The single greatest contributor to HbA1c was dinner iAUC resulting in 0.6%-point (~7 mmol/mol) increase in HbA1c per SD increase in dinner iAUC.

Conclusions
Using comprehensive CGM profiling, we show that postprandial glucose, specifically evening-time postprandial glucose, is the single largest contributing factor to HbA1c in T1D.

Trial registration number
NCT02204839 (July 30th 2014); NCT02595658 (November 3rd 2015).
The associations of psoas and masseter muscles with sarcopenia and related adverse outcomes in older trauma patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Varma Surabhi , Wilson Michael S. J. , Naik Mitesh , Sandhu Amandeep , Ota Helen Chidera Uchenna , Aylwin Christopher , Fertleman Michael , Peck George 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is an emerging role for radiological evaluation of psoas muscle as a marker of sarcopenia in trauma patients. Older trauma patients are more likely to undergo cranial than abdomino-pelvic imaging. Identifying sarcopenia using masseter cross-sectional area (M-CSA) has shown correlation with mortality. We sought to determine the correlation between psoas: lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) and the M-CSA, and their association with health outcomes.

Methods
Patients aged 65 or above, who presented as a trauma call over a 1-year period were included if they underwent cranial or abdominal CT imaging. Images were retrospectively analysed to obtain PLVI and mean M-CSA measurements. Electronic records were abstracted for outcomes. Logistic regression methods, log scale analyses, Cox regression model and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to determine association of sarcopenia with outcomes.

Results
There were 155 eligible patients in the M-CSA group and 204 patients in the PLVI group. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quartile in each group. Pearson’s correlation indicated a weakly positive linear relationship (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) between these. There was no statistical association between M-CSA sarcopenia status and any measured outcomes. Those with PLVI sarcopenia were more likely to die in hospital (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.47–9.73, p = 0.006) and at 2 years (adjusted HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11–3.25, p = 0.02). Only 29% patients with PLVI sarcopenia were discharged home, compared with 58% without sarcopenia (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Sarcopenia, defined by PLVI, is predictive of increased in-patient and 2-year mortality. Our study did not support prognostic relevance of M-CSA.
Some Characteristics and Arguments in Favor of a Science of Machine Behavior Analysis
Authors: Lanovaz Marc J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearchers and practitioners recognize four domains of behavior analysis: radical behaviorism, the experimental analysis of behavior, applied behavior analysis, and the practice of behavior analysis. Given the omnipresence of technology in every sphere of our lives, the purpose of this conceptual article is to describe and argue in favor of a fifth domain: machine behavior analysis. Machine behavior analysis is a science that examines how machines interact with and produce relevant changes in their external environment by relying on replicability, behavioral terminology, and the philosophical assumptions of behavior analysis (e.g., selectionism, determinism, parsimony) to study artificial behavior. Arguments in favor of a science of machine behavior include the omnipresence and impact of machines on human behavior, the inability of engineering alone to explain and control machine behavior, and the need to organize a verbal community of scientists around this common issue. Regardless of whether behavior analysts agree or disagree with this proposal, I argue that the field needs a debate on the topic. As such, the current article aims to encourage and contribute to this debate.
Estimated GFR in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: errors of an unpredictable method
Authors: Rodríguez Rosa Miquel , Luis-Lima Sergio , Fernandez Juan Manuel , Gómez María Vanesa Pérez , Toledo Beatriz González , Cobo Marian , Delgado-Mallén Patricia , Escamilla Beatriz , Marco Cristina Oramas , Estupiñán Sara , Perera Coriolano Cruz , Mena Natalia Negrín , Martín Laura Díaz , Reyes Sergio Pitti , González Ibrahim Hernández , González-Rinne Federico , González-Delgado Alejandra , Ferrer-Moure Carmen , Zulueta Begoña López-Botet , Torres Armando , Rodriguez Pérez Jose Carlos , Gaspari Flavio , Ortiz Alberto , Porrini Esteban 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) causes about 10% of cases of end stage renal disease. Disease progression rate is heterogeneous. Tolvaptan is presently the only specific therapeutic option to slow kidney function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing ADPKD with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–4. Thus, a reliable evaluation of kidney function in patients with ADPKD is needed.

Methods
We evaluated the agreement between measured (mGFR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by 61 formulas based on creatinine and/or cystatin-C (eGFR) in 226 ADPKD patients with diverse GFR values, from predialysis to glomerular hyperfiltration. Also, we evaluated whether incorrect categorization of CKD using eGFR may interfere with the indication and/or reimbursement of Tolvaptan treatment.

Results
No formula showed acceptable agreement with mGFR. Total Deviation Index averaged about 50% for eGFR based on creatinine and/or cystatin-C, indicating that 90% of the estimations of GFR showed bounds of error of 50% when compared with mGFR. In 1 out of 4 cases with mGFR < 30 ml/min, eGFR provided estimations above this threshold. Also, in half of the cases with mGFR between 30 and 40 ml/min, formulas estimated values < 30 ml/min.

Conclusions
The evaluation of renal function with formulas in ADPKD patients is unreliable. Extreme deviation from real renal function is quite frequent. The consequences of this error deserve attention, especially in rapid progressors who may benefit from starting treatment with tolvaptan and in whom specific GFR thresholds are needed for the indication or reimbursement. Whenever possible, mGFR is recommended.

Graphic abstract
A knee point-driven many-objective pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm
Authors: Zhao Lihong , Ren Yeqing , Zeng Youqian , Cui Zhihua , Zhang Wensheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe number of solutions obtained is too large to provide a set of solutions with good performance in the nearby area of the true Pareto front when problem-specific preferences are unavailable. Therefore, this paper proposes a knee point-driven many-objective pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm (KnMAPIO). An environmental selection strategy based on knee-oriented dominance is proposed to improve selection pressure and population diversity. In addition, a new velocity updating equation with Gaussian distribution, Cauchy distribution and Levy distribution is proposed in this paper to provide new search directions and reduce the possibility of falling into local optima. Two types of experiments are carried out in this paper: one is to compare the proposed method with four other algorithms on the knee-oriented benchmark PMOPs to verify the algorithm’s performance in detecting the knee points and the knee region; another is to compare the proposed method with eight other state-of-the-art algorithms on the classic benchmark DTLZ and WFG. The results of both experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the ability to approximate to the true Pareto front.
The Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Additively Manufactured Ti6AI4V for Different Material States and Loading Conditions
Authors: Schuch M. , Hahn T. , Herzig N. , Bleckmann M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelective laser melting (SLM) of Ti6Al4V is a very promising method to produce complex geometries for challenging impact applications. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is typically used to improve fatigue behavior, ductility and material reliability of parts produced by SLM. However, this treatment leads to an undesired deterioration of strength. The present study addresses that issue by investigating the effect of two different HIP conditions on the mechanical properties under compression and tensile loading for a strain rate range spanning up to 6 order of magnitudes and two different temperatures. We found a significant tensile-compression anisotropy in both flow stress and strain rate sensitivity depending on the HIP temperatures. These findings was correlated with microstructures and damage mechanisms.
Critical rationalism and metaethics
Authors: Engländer Armin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor Hans Albert, what is to be deemed morally right or wrong could either be based on human conventions (decisions) or on findings of facts (cognitions). As an ethical non-cognitivist Albert emphasizes that decision-based conventions are constitutive of ‘morals/ethics’. Yet, it has been claimed that Popper’s falsificationism applies to prescriptive moral theories roughly as it does to descriptive empirical theories and that this analogy justifies a variant of ethical cognitivism. It is argued in this paper, that such ethical cognitivism would require beyond empirical and analytical fact-finding other abilities of moral cognition which are to be rejected within Albert’s critical rationalism and realism.
Effectiveness of virtual team learning in entrepreneurship education: a survey study
Authors: Chen Li , Ifenthaler Dirk , Sun Wenting , Xu Tao , Yan Guanghao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effectiveness of virtual team learning for entrepreneurship competence in the Chinese higher education sector. Related research on the effectiveness of virtual team learning is sparse, especially in the area of entrepreneurship education. We assumed four hypotheses to analyze two sorts of relationships: one between input, respondents’ demographics or characteristics, and mediators, namely virtual teamwork, virtual taskwork, information and communication technology; the other between mediators and output, thus the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education. An online survey was carried out to collect respondents’ perceptions of virtual team learning in entrepreneurship education from teamwork, taskwork, and information and communication technology aspects, considering respondents’ demographics or characteristics. By explaining factors of the team process, the findings show that virtual teamwork, taskwork, and information and communication technology positively affect the entrepreneurial outcome of virtual team learning. Additionally, individual characteristics, including gender, education degree, education field, entrepreneurial family history, and prior entrepreneurial experience have different effects on three elements of virtual teams. The applied model provides a holistic perspective on virtual team learning and explains the association between three sectors. These findings may provide an empirical basis for making decisions in the design and development of entrepreneurship learning and teaching offerings.
Neue Behandlungsstrategien bei adrenogenitalem Syndrom/21‑Hydroxylase-Mangel
Authors: Riedl Stefan 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit seiner Entdeckung als „Substanz E“ und Verfügbarkeit als Medikament vor über 70 Jahren wird Cortison in der endokrinologischen Praxis bei Nebenniereninsuffizienz praktisch unverändert angewendet. Dabei kann aufgrund der kurzen Halbwertszeit von 3–4 h und Spezifika der ACTH-mediierten zirkadianen Cortisolrhythmik, insbesondere dem Anstieg ab den frühen Morgenstunden, ein physiologisches Profil mit zwei bis drei über den Tag verteilten Einnahmen kaum erreicht werden. Bei adrenogenitalem Syndrom (AGS) kann es dadurch leicht zu einer ungenügenden Supprimierung der adrenalen Androgensynthese kommen, was bei Kindern zu Pseudopubertas praecox, verminderter Endgröße und späterer Fertilitätsbeeinträchtigung führen kann. Andererseits besteht aufgrund der notwendigen supraphysiologischen Dosierung die Gefahr eines iatrogenen Cushing-Syndroms mit metabolischen, kardiovaskulären und osteologischen Langzeitfolgen. Neue Behandlungsstrategien, die bereits etabliert oder in klinischer Erprobung sind, zielen einerseits auf die Nachahmung eines möglichst physiologischen Cortisolprofils ab (Modified-Release-Hydrocortison), andererseits auf die Beeinflussung der Androgensynthese auf hypophysärer Ebene via Hemmung von adrenokortikotropem Hormon (ACTH) (CRF-Rezeptor1-Antagonisten), Hemmung auf adrenaler Ebene (Enzyminhibitoren) und Verminderung der Androgenwirkungen auf Zielorganebene (Antiandrogene). Als Effekt einer möglichst effektiven Androgenunterdrückung vermindert sich die notwendige Cortisondosis gegenüber herkömmlicher Behandlung bzw. ist lediglich eine physiologische Substitutionsdosis erforderlich. Zell- und genbasierte Therapien, die zu einer dauerhaften Wiederherstellung der Nebennierenfunktion führen, sind derzeit noch Zukunftsmusik.
Experimental Investigation of Droplet Generation by Post-Breaking Plunger Waves
Authors: Ramirez de la Torre R. G. , Vollestad Petter , Jensen Atle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the droplet cloud and spray dynamics is important for the study of the ocean surface and marine boundary layer. The role that the wave energy and the type of wave breaking play in the resulting distribution and dynamics of droplets are yet to be understood. The aim of this work was to generate violent plunging breakers in the laboratory and analyze the spray production post-breaking, i.e. after the crest of the wave impacts in the free surface. The droplet sizes and their dynamics were measured with imaging techniques and the effect of different wind speeds on the droplet production was also considered. It was found that the mean radius increases with the wave energy content and the number of large droplets (radius > 1 mm) in the vertical direction increases with the presence of wind. Furthermore, the normalized distribution of droplet sizes is consistent with the distribution of ligament-mediated spray formation. Also, indications of turbulence affecting the droplet dynamics at wind speeds of 5 m/s were found. The amount of large droplets (radius > 1 mm) found in this work was larger than reported in field studies.