bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study on the effect of iron on the grain growth of rutile-type TiO2 under in situ conditions
Authors: Xue Xin , Luo Xian , Long Yongfu , Zhang Lu , Yin Yue , Xu Benjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There have been many studies on the growth kinetics of titanium dioxide and doped titanium dioxide. However, most calculated the grain size after isothermal treatment and cooling to room temperature; thus, the real grain size of titanium dioxide at the real-time temperature during heat treatment could not be obtained. This study thus aimed to obtain accurate grain information during the heat treatment process. In this study, titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4) and ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O) were used to hydrolyze and precipitate TiO2 precursors containing impurity iron. Then, the sample was subjected to high-temperature in situ x-ray diffraction. Using the Williamson–Hall mapping method to process the x-ray diffraction information, the grain size could be used to characterize changes in the grain size, and the change law of TiO2 during the heat treatment process was studied. Furthermore, the effect of Fe doping on the growth of TiO2 crystals was examined through the crystal growth kinetics. The results revealed that when the Fe doping amount reached a certain level, it affected the growth mechanism of the rutile type titanium dioxide grains, thereby causing a change in the growth order. Specifically, an increase in the Fe doping amount increased the growth activation energy; that is, it inhibited the growth of rutile-type titanium dioxide grains.
Is the Hénon map able to predict the interaction dynamics between the knee and hip joints emerged during sit-to-stand movement?
Authors: Torbati Armin Hakkak Moghadam , Jami Shahab , Kobravi Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, the performance of a two-dimensional Hénon map in predicting the interactive dynamics of the knee and hip joints emerging during a normative sit-to-stand movement was evaluated. The instantaneous values of the knee and hip joints were the model inputs, and the next values of the knee and hip joints were predicted by the Hénon map. The map predicted the desired relative behavior of the joints, showing synergetic coordination between the joints. The experimental data were recorded from four healthy participants and used to identify the Hénon map via a genetic algorithm. Model performance was quantitatively assessed by computing the calculated prediction error and analyzing the behavioral dynamics of the state spaces reconstructed via the captured kinematic data. According to the results, there was an obvious similarity between the dynamics of the state space trajectories of the identified model and those of the recorded data, not only in terms of stretching and folding dynamics, but also concerning generalized synchrony. The acceptable performance of the proposed modeling solution can also be demonstrated through these results.
Errant Humanity: Writing the Geopolitics of Migration
Authors: Parikh Crystal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay reviews three books—Lyndsey Stonebridge’s Placeless People: Writing, Rights, and Refugees (2018), Seyla Benhabib’s Exile, Statelessness, and Migration: Playing Chess with History from Hannah Arendt to Isaiah Berlin (2018), and the essay collection, edited by JoEllen DeLucia and Juliet Shields, Migration and Modernities: The State of Being Stateless, 1750–1850 (2019). Examples of a growing concern in the humanities and cultural studies with “the geopolitics of migration,” these books share an interest as to how the transposition of the sovereign state across the globe not only regularizes citizenship, territoriality, and rights discourses, but also makes the stateless—and the “rightlessness” marking those who are stateless—a permanent, constitutive feature of global modernity. Engaging political theory as well as political history, they consider exiles and refugees not as incidental to the political and legal institutions of modernity, but as critically illuminating of them. In particular, this review essay focuses on how, in the authors’ accounts, varied conceptions of the relations among law, politics, cultural difference, and social formations shape the possibility of political thinking.
Computational methods to assist in the discovery of pharmacological chaperones for rare diseases
Authors: Scafuri Bernardina , Verdino Anna , D'Arminio Nancy , Marabotti Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPharmacological chaperones are chemical compounds able to bind proteins and stabilize them against denaturation and following degradation. Some pharmacological chaperones have been approved, or are under investigation, for the treatment of rare inborn errors of metabolism, caused by genetic mutations that often can destabilize the structure of the wild-type proteins expressed by that gene. Given that, for rare diseases, there is a general lack of pharmacological treatments, many expectations are poured out on this type of compounds. However, their discovery is not straightforward. In this review, we would like to focus on the computational methods that can assist and accelerate the search for these compounds, showing also examples in which these methods were successfully applied for the discovery of promising molecules belonging to this new category of pharmacologically active compounds.
NeoSplice: a bioinformatics method for prediction of splice variant neoantigens
Authors: Chai Shengjie , Smith Christof C , Kochar Tavleen K , Hunsucker Sally A , Beck Wolfgang , Olsen Kelly S , Vensko Steven , Glish Gary L , Armistead Paul M , Prins Jan F , Vincent Benjamin G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Splice variant neoantigens are a potential source of tumor-specific antigen (TSA) that are shared between patients in a variety of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia. Current tools for genomic prediction of splice variant neoantigens demonstrate promise. However, many tools have not been well validated with simulated and/or wet lab approaches, with no studies published that have presented a targeted immunopeptidome mass spectrometry approach designed specifically for identification of predicted splice variant neoantigens.

Results
In this study, we describe NeoSplice, a novel computational method for splice variant neoantigen prediction based on (i) prediction of tumor-specific k-mers from RNA-seq data, (ii) alignment of differentially expressed k-mers to the splice graph and (iii) inference of the variant transcript with MHC binding prediction. NeoSplice demonstrates high sensitivity and precision (&gt;80% on average across all splice variant classes) through in silico simulated RNA-seq data. Through mass spectrometry analysis of the immunopeptidome of the K562.A2 cell line compared against a synthetic peptide reference of predicted splice variant neoantigens, we validated 4 of 37 predicted antigens corresponding to 3 of 17 unique splice junctions. Lastly, we provide a comparison of NeoSplice against other splice variant prediction tools described in the literature. NeoSplice provides a well-validated platform for prediction of TSA vaccine targets for future cancer antigen vaccine studies to evaluate the clinical efficacy of splice variant neoantigens.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/Benjamin-Vincent-Lab/NeoSplice

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Biotic Indicators for Ecological State Change in Amazonian Floodplains
Authors: Correa Sandra Bibiana , van der Sleen Peter , Siddiqui Sharmin F , Bogotá-Gregory Juan David , Arantes Caroline C , Barnett Adrian A , Couto Thiago B A , Goulding Michael , Anderson Elizabeth P 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRiverine floodplains are biologically diverse and productive ecosystems. Although tropical floodplains remain relatively conserved and ecologically functional compared to those at higher latitudes, they face accelerated hydropower development, climate change, and deforestation. Alterations to the flood pulse could act synergistically with other drivers of change to promote profound ecological state change at a large spatial scale. State change occurs when an ecosystem reaches a critical threshold or tipping point, which leads to an alternative qualitative state for the ecosystem. Visualizing an alternative state for Amazonian floodplains is not straightforward. Yet, it is critical to recognize that changes to the flood pulse could push tropical floodplain ecosystems over a tipping point with cascading adverse effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We characterize the Amazonian flood pulse regime, summarize evidence of flood pulse change, assess potential ecological repercussions, and provide a monitoring framework for tracking flood pulse change and detecting biotic responses.
Quantifying bias in psychological and physical health in the UK Biobank imaging sub-sample
Authors: Lyall Donald M. , Quinn Terry , Lyall Laura M. , Ward Joey , Anderson Jana J. , Smith Daniel J. , Stewart William , Strawbridge Rona J. , Bailey Mark E. S. , Cullen Breda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of around half-a-million general population participants, recruited between 2006 and 2010, with baseline studies at recruitment and multiple assessments since. From 2014 to date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been pursued in a participant sub-sample, with the aim to scan around n = 100k. This sub-sample is studied widely and therefore understanding its relative characteristics is important for future reports. We aimed to quantify psychological and physical health in the UK Biobank imaging sub-sample, compared with the rest of the cohort. We used t-tests and χ2 for continuous/categorical variables, respectively, to estimate average differences on a range of cognitive, mental and physical health phenotypes. We contrasted baseline values of participants who attended imaging (versus had not), and compared their values at the imaging visit versus baseline values of participants who were not scanned. We also tested the hypothesis that the associations of established risk factors with worse cognition would be underestimated in the (hypothesized) healthier imaging group compared with the full cohort. We tested these interactions using linear regression models. On a range of cognitive, mental health, cardiometabolic, inflammatory and neurological phenotypes, we found that 47 920 participants who were scanned by January 2021 showed consistent statistically significant ‘healthy’ bias compared with the ∼450 000 who were not scanned. These effect sizes were small to moderate based on Cohen’s d/Cramer’s V metrics (range = 0.02 to −0.21 for Townsend, the largest effect size). We found evidence of interaction, where stratified analysis demonstrated that associations of established cognitive risk factors were smaller in the imaging sub-sample compared with the full cohort. Of the ∼100 000 participants who ultimately will undergo MRI assessment within UK Biobank, the first ∼50 000 showed some ‘healthy’ bias on a range of metrics at baseline. Those differences largely remained at the subsequent (first) imaging visit, and we provide evidence that testing associations in the imaging sub-sample alone could lead to potential underestimation of exposure/outcome estimates.
Adaptive Potential of Epigenetic Switching During Adaptation to Fluctuating Environments
Authors: Stajic Dragan , Bank Claudia , Gordo Isabel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression allows for the emergence of distinct phenotypic states within the clonal population. Due to the instability of epigenetic inheritance, these phenotypes can intergenerationally switch between states in a stochastic manner. Theoretical studies of evolutionary dynamics predict that the phenotypic heterogeneity enabled by this rapid epigenetic switching between gene expression states would be favored under fluctuating environmental conditions, whereas genetic mutations, as a form of stable inheritance system, would be favored under a stable environment. To test this prediction, we engineered switcher and non-switcher yeast strains, in which the uracil biosynthesis gene URA3 is either continually expressed or switched on and off at two different rates (slow and fast switchers). Competitions between clones with an epigenetically controlled URA3 and clones without switching ability (SIR3 knockout) show that the switchers are favored in fluctuating environments. This occurs in conditions where the environments fluctuate at similar rates to the rate of switching. However, in stable environments, but also in environments with fluctuation frequency higher than the rate of switching, we observed that genetic changes dominated. Remarkably, epigenetic clones with a high, but not with a low, rate of switching can coexist with non-switchers even in a constant environment. Our study offers an experimental proof of concept that helps defining conditions of environmental fluctuation under which epigenetic switching provides an advantage.
Not Too Old for TikTok: How Older Adults Are Reframing Aging
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough reputed for being the virtual playground of teenagers, TikTok has since made its way to older adults, some of whom have become content creators with millions of followers. Despite their immense sway over audiences, as well as their potential to reconfigure socially constructed notions of aging, these older TikTok personalities have been given scant attention in gerontological literature. We fill this gap by exploring how older adults use TikTok to engage in discourses on old age.Research Design and MethodsWe compiled the most viewed videos of users aged 60 and older with at least 100,000 followers, generating 1,382 videos with over 3.5 billion views. Videos that did not feature older adults engaging in discourses on aging were excluded, resulting in 348 videos for content analysis. Both inductive and deductive approaches guided the qualitative analysis.ResultsThree themes emerged: Nearly 3 in 4 videos featured older adults “Defying Age Stereotypes” (71%; Theme 1), 18% featured them “Making Light of Age-Related Vulnerabilities” (Theme 2), and 11% involved older adults “Calling out Ageism” (Theme 3).Discussion and ImplicationsThis is the first known study exploring how older adults consciously engage in discourses of aging through their participation on TikTok. Our findings highlight the potential for older adults to be put at the vanguard of a movement aimed at challenging socially constructed notions of old age.
Temperature and Season Influence Phagocytosis by B1 Lymphocytes in the Mojave Desert Tortoise
Authors: Slama Summer L , Williams Grace S , Painter Mariah N , Sheedy Maxwell D , Sandmeier Franziska C 
Published: May 2022

Synopsis
Lymphocytes are usually interpreted as functioning in adaptive immunity despite evidence that large proportions of these cells (B1 lymphocytes) have innate immune functions, including phagocytosis, in the peripheral blood of ectothermic vertebrates. We used a recently optimized assay to assess environmental influences on phagocytic activity of lymphocytes isolated from the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Previous studies suggest that lymphocytes in this species are associated with reduced pathogen loads, especially in cooler climates, and that lymphocyte numbers fluctuate seasonally. Thus, we evaluated thermal dependence of phagocytic activity in vitro and across seasons. While B1 lymphocytes appeared to be cold-adapted and always increased phagocytosis at cool temperatures, we also found evidence of thermal acclimation. Tortoises upregulated these lymphocytes during cooler seasons in the fall as their preferred body temperatures dropped, and phagocytosis also increased in efficiency during this same time. Like many other ectothermic species, populations of desert tortoises are in decline, in part due to a cold-adapted pathogen that causes chronic respiratory disease. Future studies, similarly focused on the function of B1 lymphocytes, could serve to uncover new patterns in thermal acclimation of immune functions and disease ecology across taxa of ectothermic vertebrates.
Hypoglycaemia incidence with a simple, low-dose insulin protocol for adult diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Patel Niti , Cusumano Michael , Lorenson Jessica 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study is to validate the glycaemic safety of a simple insulin protocol using weight-based insulin rates adapted from American guidance for the management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis.

Methods
Measures of hypoglycaemia were retrospectively assessed in a single cohort of inpatient adults. The primary outcome was incidence of hypoglycaemia during insulin infusion.

Key findings
Hypoglycaemia during infusion occurred in 6/81 patients (7% [95% CI 3–16%]). Five of these occurrences were associated with protocol nonadherence.

Conclusions
The glycaemic safety of a novel, variable-rate insulin protocol directly incorporating weight-based infusion rates is supported by this single-centre study.
Culex vishnui(Diptera: Culicidae): An Overlooked Vector of Arboviruses in South-East Asia
Authors: Maquart Pierre-Olivier , Chann Leakena , Boyer Sebastien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCulex vishnui Theobald, 1901, a main vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is widely distributed in the Oriental region where it often accounts for a great part of the culicid fauna. This species also has been found naturally infected with at least 13 other arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance. Females blood feed predominantly upon pigs and birds, but may readily bite cattle and humans. Because of its abundance, medical importance, and presence throughout ecological gradients among urban, peri-urban, and rural areas, Cx. vishnui potentially may serve as a bridge vector transmitting viruses from natural and wild hosts to humans. Being zoo- and anthropophagic, omnipresent in the Oriental region, and presenting strong resistance to many insecticide families, this overlooked mosquito species may pose a serious health risk in one of the most densely populated regions of the world.
Performance of the Sofia SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Pediatric Patients
Authors: Freeman Megan Culler , Freeman Tanner J , Iagnemma Jennifer , Rasmussen Jayne , Heidenreich Kelly , Wells Alan , Hoberman Alejandro , Mitchell Stephanie L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests have not been widely assessed in children. We evaluated children presenting to outpatient care with Quidel Sofia SARS-CoV-2 antigen test (Sofia-Ag-RDT) compared against Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test from November 2020 to April 2021. Sofia-Ag-RDT had the highest sensitivity in symptomatic (82%; 95% confidence interval, 68%-91%) children.
First case report of uterine perforation and bowel incarceration following a clandestine abortion in Morocco
Authors: Deflaoui Tarik , Jabi Rachid , Derkaoui Anas , Merhoum Abdelali , Kradi Yassin , Bouziane Mohammed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Uterine perforation is a rare complication of abortion. It becomes much rarer when associated with a small bowel incarceration at the uterine breach. Its diagnosis can be suspected clinically, but radiology remains more sensitive for diagnosis. Surgery is the cornerstone in treating this entity as it provides both diagnostic and therapeutic management. A multidisciplinary therapeutic approach should be immediately performed to ensure a good prognosis. In this report, we describe a case of small intestine incarceration in the breach of a uterine perforation that occurred in the weeks following a clandestine abortion.
N-dependent dynamics of root growth and nitrate and ammonium uptake are altered by the bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae in the cereal model Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Kuang Weiqi , Sanow Stefan , Kelm Jana M , Müller Linow Mark , Andeer Peter , Kohlheyer Dietrich , Northen Trent , Vogel John P , Watt Michelle , Arsova Borjana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fixation in cereals by root-associated bacteria is a promising solution for reducing use of chemical N fertilizers in agriculture. However, plant and bacterial responses are unpredictable across environments. We hypothesized that cereal responses to N-fixing bacteria are dynamic, depending on N supply and time. To quantify the dynamics, a gnotobiotic, fabricated ecosystem (EcoFAB) was adapted to analyse N mass balance, to image shoot and root growth, and to measure gene expression of Brachypodium distachyon inoculated with the N-fixing bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae. Phenotyping throughput of EcoFAB-N was 25–30 plants h−1 with open software and imaging systems. Herbaspirillum seropedicae inoculation of B. distachyon shifted root and shoot growth, nitrate versus ammonium uptake, and gene expression with time; directions and magnitude depended on N availability. Primary roots were longer and root hairs shorter regardless of N, with stronger changes at low N. At higher N, H. seropedicae provided 11% of the total plant N that came from sources other than the seed or the nutrient solution. The time-resolved phenotypic and molecular data point to distinct modes of action: at 5 mM NH4NO3 the benefit appears through N fixation, while at 0.5 mM NH4NO3 the mechanism appears to be plant physiological, with H. seropedicae promoting uptake of N from the root medium.Future work could fine-tune plant and root-associated microorganisms to growth and nutrient dynamics.
Police recruitment videos and their relevance for attracting officers
Authors: Simpson Rylan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Police continue to cite struggles of attracting applicants to their agencies. One means by which police attempt to attract applicants is via their recruitment videos. As part of the present research, I employ content analysis to descriptively assess the material contained within a large sample of recruitment videos from police agencies across the USA (N = 567). Trained coders reviewed each video and coded them for an array of different variables, including video characteristics, officer representation, informational content, and behavioural content. The analyses reveal that in addition to including some technical information about the job, many videos also feature high-speed driving, the use of firearms, the demonstration of canine as well as special weapons and tactics units, and an emphasis on men, masculinity, and physicality. Although many videos still highlight some community-oriented behaviours, such behaviours are often less salient than the former. By cataloging recruitment videos, I both identify and interrogate the behaviours highlighted by police as part of their recruiting efforts and discuss the associated implications for people’s potential interest in policing careers.