bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGFR2 signaling enhances the SHH-BMP4 signaling axis in early ureter development
Authors: Meuser Max , Deuper Lena , Rudat Carsten , Aydoğdu Nurullah , Thiesler Hauke , Zarnovican Patricia , Hildebrandt Herbert , Trowe Mark-Oliver , Kispert Andreas 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The patterned array of basal, intermediate and superficial cells in the urothelium of the mature ureter arises from uncommitted epithelial progenitors of the distal ureteric bud. Urothelial development requires signaling input from surrounding mesenchymal cells, which, in turn, depend on cues from the epithelial primordium to form a layered fibro-muscular wall. Here, we have identified FGFR2 as a crucial component in this reciprocal signaling crosstalk in the murine ureter. Loss of Fgfr2 in the ureteric epithelium led to reduced proliferation, stratification, intermediate and basal cell differentiation in this tissue, and affected cell survival and smooth muscle cell differentiation in the surrounding mesenchyme. Loss of Fgfr2 impacted negatively on epithelial expression of Shh and its mesenchymal effector gene Bmp4. Activation of SHH or BMP4 signaling largely rescued the cellular defects of mutant ureters in explant cultures. Conversely, inhibition of SHH or BMP signaling in wild-type ureters recapitulated the mutant phenotype in a dose-dependent manner. Our study suggests that FGF signals from the mesenchyme enhance, via epithelial FGFR2, the SHH-BMP4 signaling axis to drive urothelial and mesenchymal development in the early ureter.
A manipulator size optimization method based on dexterous workspace volume
Authors: Huang Yuanhai , Li Zhi , Xing Kefan , Gong Haoqin 
Published: January 2022

Background: Manipulators for robots are required to have high manipulability for adaptability in different tasks. However, general methods for designing manipulators with high manipulability are deficient. Here, aiming at improving the manipulability of the six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator, a method for optimizing structure size parameters based on the dexterous workspace volume is proposed. Methods: Firstly, the kinematic analysis of the manipulator is performed. Then, the manipulability of the single working point of the manipulator is judged based on reachability in different postures. The workspace of the manipulator is discretized to obtain the volume of the overall dexterous workspace. By taking the maximum volume of the dexterous workspace as the optimization goal, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the structure size parameters to achieve optimal manipulability. AUBO 6-DOF manipulator is defined and analyzed as an example. Results: The optimization results indicate that the dexterous workspace of the manipulator expands in volume and its manipulability is improved. The validity of the proposed optimization method is verified by comparing the distribution of dexterous workspace of the manipulator. Conclusions: This article proposes an optimization method for the structure size parameters of a 6-DOF manipulator, which can be implemented to improving the manipulability of the manipulator.
Development of dual-arm mobile robot platform based on ROS
Authors: Xu Rui , Qian Lu , Zhao Xingwei 
Published: January 2022

Background: With the increasing demand of mobile robots in warehousing, logistics and service fields, simple planar motion is difficult to meet the task requirements of complex environment. The combination of mobile robot and cooperative robot is helpful to improve the dexterity of robot movement and expand the application of robots. Methods: Aiming at the application requirements of dual-arm robots and mobile robots in practical applications, this paper designed the hardware of a platform, built a simulation platform based on ROS (Robot Operating System), and designed the actual software control framework. Finally, the feasibility of the platform design was verified by the coupling motion experiment of the two robots. Results: We have established a simulation of the dual-arm mobile platform in ROS, designed the actual software control framework, and verified the feasibility of the platform design through experiments. Conclusions: The mobile platform can meet a variety of application requirements and lay the foundation for subsequent development.
Desired support system to eradicate urban homelessness: an exploratory descriptive study
Authors: Mohd Rom Noor Ashikin , Md. Hassan Nurbani , Abu Said Al-Mansor , Bachik Burhanuddin 
Published: January 2022

Background - The new increasing homeless lately consist of women, children, youth, the elderly and marginalized ethnic or migrant groups. Some of them are working and earn salaries, however, the income is not sufficient to live modestly. Purpose – The purpose of this research is to establish a desired support system to eradicate urban homelessness in the country. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory descriptive method study which employed quantitative techniques. The study employed a social ecological model to investigate behavior of homeless via multiple levels of influences including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public policy. Surveys have been conducted on sixty-five homeless individuals. Findings – It was found that support systems and structures should be derived from the whole streams from families, communities, organizations and government. Employment opportunities, long-term shelters within the community places and highly demanded skills are needed to improve their living condition. Research limitations – This study is only focused on the socio-economic structures of the homeless in a capital city. Originality/value – This is an empirical research using a social ecological model for the homeless in the Kuala Lumpur area. Research on homeless study has received little attention and has yet to be fully explored.
The paradox of food production, consumption, poverty and malnutrition in Tanzania: an ecological study design
Authors: Tesha Novatus , Tungu Malale , Kagaigai Alphoncina , Yohana Boniface , Paulo Hevenlight A. 
Published: January 2022

Background: There have been claims amongst nutrition stakeholders in Tanzania that the food basket regions, are the regions most affected by stunting among children. However, this study could not find evidence that combines food production and stunting levels, to substantiate this claim. Therefore, this study aims to compare data on stunting, food production and consumption within administrative regions of the Tanzania mainland. Methods: The study used an ecological study design to show the relationship between stunting, poverty, food production and consumption across administrative regions in Tanzania. The study used data from three national wide surveys: 2017/2018 Household Budget Survey (HBS), Tanzania National Nutrition Survey (TNNS) 2018 and Agriculture Statistics for Food Security report 2018/2019. Results: The study showed that there is a positive relationship between the prevalence of stunting and food production (r=0.43, p=0.03), while there is a negative relationship between stunting and the level of both the average monthly household consumption expenditure (r = -0.48, p = 0.01) and average monthly household food consumption expenditure (r = -0.509, p = 0.01). It was further found that some regions which have higher levels of stunting such as Njombe, have the lowest level of basic need poverty. Conclusion: The study found a positive relationship between food production and the prevalence of stunting using data across regions in mainland Tanzania. This is an indication that regional food security may not entail nutrition security, hence a call for more advocacy on nutrition-sensitive agriculture.
Pharmacoepidemiology in pregnancy: analysis protocol for an observational cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Barry Ciarrah-Jane , Burden Christy , Davies Neil , Walker Venexia 
Published: January 2022

Large numbers of women take prescription and over-the-counter medications during pregnancy. However, there is very little definitive evidence about the potential effects of these drugs on the mothers and offspring. We will investigate the risks and benefits of continuing prescriptive drug use for chronic pre-existing maternal conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and thyroid related conditions throughout pregnancy. If left untreated, these conditions are established risk factors for adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. However, some treatments for these conditions are associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Our primary aims are twofold. Firstly, we aim to estimate the beneficial effect on the mother of continuing treatment during pregnancy. Second, we aim to determine whether there is an associated detrimental impact on the neonate of continuation of maternal treatment during pregnancy. To establish this evidence, we will investigate the relationship between maternal drug prescriptions and adverse and beneficial offspring outcomes to provide evidence to guide clinical decisions. We will conduct a hypothesis testing observational intergenerational cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We will apply four statistical methods: multivariable adjusted regression, propensity score regression, instrumental variables analysis and negative control analysis. These methods should account for potential confounding when estimating the association between the drug exposure and maternal or neonatal outcome. In this protocol we describe the aims, motivation, study design, cohort and statistical analyses of our study to aid reproducibility and transparency within research.
Polish-Soviet War in Film and Cinema: A New Perspective Based on the Films For You, O Poland (1920) and Miracle on the Vistula (1921)
Authors: Pryt Karina 
Published: January 2022

The Polish-Soviet War, particularly the Battle of Warsaw (13–25 August 1920), soon became a subject of legend and myth. Irrespective of its fundamental political significance, the defeat of the Red Army was glorified as salvation for both Poland and Europe in military, ideological and metaphysical terms. Conducted beyond academia, the narrative was forged mainly by veterans, the Catholic Church and various forms of literature and art. Due to government subsidies, documentary and feature films also conveyed a normative notion of these dramatic events and their participants.
This article focuses on cinematic works like Dla Ciebie, Polsko [For You, o Poland, PL 1920], and Cud nad Wisłą [The Miracle on the Vistula, PL 1921] produced in order to commemorate the war between the Poles and the Bolsheviks. Taking the iconic turn, this article scrutinises the cinematic self-portrait of the Polish nation that had already been ‘imagined’ as a bulwark of European culture in the East by earlier literary works. Spotlighting protagonists who were given a place in the pantheon of national heroes, it also asks about those who were denigrated or marginalised like women and Jews. Finally, using quantitative methods and Geographical Information System (QGIS) as a tool, the article juxtaposes the maledominated, ethnically and confessional homogeneous ‘imagined nation’ with the film entrepreneurs and actual cinema audiences characterised by their diversity.
Patent Thickets, Stock Returns, and Conditional CAPM
Authors: Hsu Po-Hsuan , Lee Hsiao-Hui , Zhou Tong 
Published: January 2022

Patent thickets, a phenomenon of fragmented ownership of overlapping patent rights, hamper firms’ commercialization of patents and thus deliver asset pricing implications. We show that firms with deeper patent thickets are involved in more patent litigations, launch fewer new products, and become less profitable in the future. These firms are also associated with lower subsequent stock returns, which can be explained by a conditional Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) based on a general equilibrium model that features heterogeneous market betas conditional on time-varying aggregate productivity. This explanation is supported by further evidence from factor regressions and stochastic discount factor tests.This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72003206], the E.SUNAcademic Award, fromtheMinistry of Education in Taiwan [MOE110J0321Q2], and the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan [MOST109-2628-E-004-001-MY3 and MOST109-2628-H-007-001-MY4].Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4229 .
Antiracist Curriculum and Digital Platforms: Evidence from Black Lives Matter
Authors: Agarwal Saharsh , Sen Ananya 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we examine the impact of racially charged events on the demand for antiracist classroom resources in U.S. public schools. We use book requests made by teachers on DonorsChoose, the largest crowdfunding platform for public school teachers, as a measure of intent to address race-related topics in the classroom. We use the precise timing of high-profile police brutality and other racially charged events in the United States (2010–2020) to identify their effect on antiracism requests relative to a control group. We find a significant increase in antiracism requests following the killing of George Floyd in 2020 and a null effect for all other events in the decade. We also find an increase in requests for books featuring Latinx, Asian, Muslim, and Jewish cultures, suggesting that a focus on equality for one group can spill over and yield culturally aware dialogues for other groups as well. Event studies suggest that local protests played a role in motivating some of the teachers to post these requests. In just four months following George Floyd’s death, $3.4 million worth of books featuring authors and characters from marginalized communities were successfully funded, reaching more than half a million students. Text analysis of impact notes posted by teachers suggests that hundreds of thousands of young students are being engaged in discussions about positive affirmation and cross-cultural acceptance. This paper was accepted by D.J. Wu, information systems.
Challenges for nurses in caring for patients with acute encephalitis: lack of knowledge, time and rehabilitation
Authors: Gill Claire , Griffiths Mike , Easton Ava , Solomon Tom 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To explore the experiences of registered nurses providing care to adult patients affected by encephalitis, from admission into hospital through to discharge. Study design: A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used. Sample and setting: Eight registered nurses in a city centre teaching hospital. Methods: Data collection took place using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed and themes identified using framework analysis. Findings: Three key findings were identified: nurses felt that they lacked knowledge of encephalitis, lacked time to give these patients the care they needed, and they lacked access to rehabilitation for patients with encephalitis. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence on nurses' experiences of providing care to patients affected by encephalitis. It has shown that they often lack the knowledge and time to give adequate support to patients. They also lack access to rehabilitation for these patients.
Introducción
Authors: Peregalli Andrés , Gherlone Laura 
Published: January 2022

El presente monográfico reúne artículos referidos a los procesos de institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio en instituciones de educación superior. Dichos textos fueron seleccionados del total de artículos presentados para el II Simposio Global Uniservitate “Aprendizaje-servicio, educación integral y espiritualidad transformadora”, realizado los días 28 y 29 de octubre de 2021, organizado entre Uniservitate y la Universidad Católica Portuguesa, coordinado por CLAYSS y Porticus, en colaboración con la Federación Internacional de Universidades Católicas y en adhesión el Pacto Educativo Global. El II Simposio, que contó con más de 1000 inscritos provenientes de 45 países, se propuso entre otros objetivos compartir experiencias y procesos de institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio en instituciones de educación superior.
Los artículos evidencian que institucionalizar el aprendizaje-servicio supone trascender el desarrollo de proyectos aislados que, si bien pueden resultar significativos para un determinado momento histórico, no logran permear ni transformar las políticas y culturas institucionales. La institucionalización favorece la sustentabilidad, replicabilidad y escalabilidad de las experiencias, contribuyendo a generar políticas y culturas institucionales que integran la docencia, la investigación y el compromiso social, desde una gestión integral.
Active terahertz modulator based on optically controlled organometal halide perovskite MAPbI2Br
Authors: Wang Huaixing , Ling Furi , Luo Chunya , Li Dan , Xiao Yongrui , Chang Zeyuan , Xu Zhibo , Zeng Ying , Wang Weijun , Yao Jianquan 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an active terahertz modulator based on optically controlled organometal halide perovskite

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A comparative study of adult and adolescent maternal care continuum following community-oriented interventions in Cambodia, Guatemala, Kenya, and Zambia
Authors: Edward Anbrasi , Jung Younghee , Ettyang Grace , Chhorvann Chhea , Risko Casey , Ghee Annette E. , Chege Jane 
Published: January 2022

Background
The coverage for reproductive care continuum is a growing concern for communities in low- income economies. Adolescents (15–19 years) are often at higher odds of maternal morbidity and mortality due to other underlying factors including biological immaturity, social, and economic differences. The aim of the study was to examine a) differences in care-seeking and continuum of care (4 antenatal care (ANC4+), skilled birth attendance (SBA) and postnatal care (PNC) within 24h) between adult (20–49 Years) and adolescents and b) the effect of multilevel community-oriented interventions on adolescent and adult reproductive care-seeking in Cambodia, Guatemala, Kenya, and Zambia using a quasi-experimental study design.

Methods
In each country, communities in two districts/sub-districts received timed community health worker (CHW) household health promotion and social accountability interventions with community scorecards. Two matched districts/sub-districts were selected for comparison and received routine healthcare services.

Results
Results from the final evaluation showed that there were no significant differences in the care continuum for adolescents and adults except for Kenya (26.1% vs 18.8%, p<0.05). SBA was significantly higher for adolescents compared to adult women for Guatemala (64% vs 55.5%, p<0.05). Adolescents in the intervention sites showed significantly higher ANC utilization for Kenya (95.3% vs 84.8%, p<0.01) and Zambia (87% vs 72.7%, p<0.05), ANC4 for Cambodia (83.7% vs 43.2%, p<0.001) and Kenya (65.9% vs 48.1%, p<0.05), SBA for Cambodia (100% vs 88.9%, p<0.05), early PNC for Cambodia (91.8% vs 72.8%, p<0.01) and Zambia (56.5% vs 16.9%, p<0.001) compared to the comparison sites. However, the findings from Guatemala illustrated significantly lower care continuum for intervention sites (aOR:0.34, 95% CI 0.28–0.42, p<0.001). The study provides some evidence on the potential of multilevel community-oriented interventions to improve adolescent healthcare seeking in rural contexts. The predictors of care continuum varied across countries, indicating the importance of contextual factors in designing interventions.
Increased mask adherence after important politician infected with COVID-19
Authors: Cohen Deborah A. , Talarowski Meghan , Awomolo Olaitan , Han Bing , Williamson Stephanie , McKenzie Thomas L. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
To quantify changes in adherence to mask and distancing guidelines in outdoor settings in Philadelphia, PA before and after President Trump announced he was infected with COVID-19.

Methods
We used Systematic Observation of Masking Adherence and Distancing (SOMAD) to assess mask adherence in parks, playgrounds, and commercial streets in the 10 City Council districts in Philadelphia PA. We compared adherence rates between August and September 2020 and after October 2, 2020.

Results
Disparities in mask adherence existed by age group, gender, and race/ethnicity, with females wearing masks correctly more often than males, seniors having higher mask use than other age groups, and Asians having higher adherence than other race/ethnicities. Correct mask use did not increase after the City released additional mask guidance in September but did after Oct 2. Incorrect mask use also decreased, but the percentage not having masks at all was unchanged.

Conclusions
Vulnerability of leadership appears to influence population behavior. Public health departments likely need more resources to effectively and persuasively communicate critical safety messages related to COVID-19 transmission.
The consequences of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act for police arrests
Authors: Simes Jessica T. , Jahn Jaquelyn L. 
Published: January 2022

Background & methodsNational protests in the summer of 2020 drew attention to the significant presence of police in marginalized communities. Recent social movements have called for substantial police reforms, including “defunding the police,” a phrase originating from a larger, historical abolition movement advocating that public investments be redirected away from the criminal justice system and into social services and health care. Although research has demonstrated the expansive role of police to respond a broad range of social problems and health emergencies, existing research has yet to fully explore the capacity for health insurance policy to influence rates of arrest in the population. To fill this gap, we examine the potential effect of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on arrests in 3,035 U.S. counties. We compare county-level arrests using FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program Data before and after Medicaid expansion in 2014–2016, relative to counties in non-expansion states. We use difference-in-differences (DID) models to estimate the change in arrests following Medicaid expansion for overall arrests, and violent, drug, and low-level arrests.ResultsPolice arrests significantly declined following the expansion of Medicaid under the ACA. Medicaid expansion produced a 20–32% negative difference in overall arrests rates in the first three years. We observe the largest negative differences for drug arrests: we find a 25–41% negative difference in drug arrests in the three years following Medicaid expansion, compared to non-expansion counties. We observe a 19–29% negative difference in arrests for violence in the three years after Medicaid expansion, and a decrease in low-level arrests between 24–28% in expansion counties compared to non-expansion counties. Our main results for drug arrests are robust to multiple sensitivity analyses, including a state-level model.ConclusionsEvidence in this paper suggests that expanded Medicaid insurance reduced police arrests, particularly drug-related arrests. Combined with research showing the harmful health consequences of chronic policing in disadvantaged communities, greater insurance coverage creates new avenues for individuals to seek care, receive treatment, and avoid criminalization. As police reform is high on the agenda at the local, state, and federal level, our paper supports the perspective that broad health policy reforms can meaningfully reduce contact with the criminal justice system under historic conditions of mass criminalization.