bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical application guidelines for blood glucose monitoring in China (2022 edition)
Authors: Bao Yuqian , Zhu Dalong ,   Chinese Diabetes Society
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlucose monitoring is an important component of diabetes management. The Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) has been producing evidence‐based guidelines on the optimal use of glucose monitoring since 2011. In recent years, new technologies in glucose monitoring and more clinical evidence, especially those derived from Chinese populations, have emerged. In this context, the CDS organised experts to revise the Clinical application guidelines for blood glucose monitoring in China in 2021. In this guideline, we focus on four methods of glucose monitoring that are commonly used in clinical practice, including capillary glucose monitoring, glycated haemoglobin A1c, glycated albumin, and continuous glucose monitoring. We describe the definitions and technical characteristics of these methods, the factor that may interfere with the measurement, the advantages and caveats in clinical practice, the interpretation of glucose metrics, and the relevant supporting evidence. The recommendations for the use of these methods are also provided. The various methods of glucose monitoring have their strengths and limitations and cannot be replaced by one another. We hope that these guidelines could aid in the optimal application of common methods of glucose monitoring in clinical practice for better diabetes care.
Salinity‐induced transcriptome profiles in marine and freshwater threespine stickleback after an abrupt 6‐hour exposure
Authors: Taugbøl Annette , Solbakken Monica Hongrø , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSaltwater and freshwater environments have opposing physiological challenges, yet, there are fish species that are able to enter both habitats during short time spans, and as individuals they must therefore adjust quickly to osmoregulatory contrasts. In this study, we conducted an experiment to test for plastic responses to abrupt salinity changes in two populations of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, representing two ecotypes (freshwater and ancestral saltwater). We exposed both ecotypes to abrupt native (control treatment) and non‐native salinities (0‰ and 30‰) and sampled gill tissue for transcriptomic analyses after 6 h of exposure. To investigate genomic responses to salinity, we analyzed four different comparisons; one for each ecotype (in their control and exposure salinity; (1) and (2), one between ecotypes in their control salinity (3), and the fourth comparison included all transcripts identified in (3) that did not show any expressional changes within ecotype in either the control or the exposed salinity (4)). Abrupt salinity transfer affected the expression of 10 and 1530 transcripts for the saltwater and freshwater ecotype, respectively, and 1314 were differentially expressed between the controls, including 502 that were not affected by salinity within ecotype (fixed expression). In total, these results indicate that factors other than genomic expressional plasticity are important for osmoregulation in stickleback, due to the need for opposite physiological pathways to survive the abrupt change in salinity.
Integrating natural gradients, experiments, and statistical modeling in a distributed network experiment: An example from the WaRM Network
Authors: Prager Case M. , Classen Aimee T. , Sundqvist Maja K. , Barrios‐Garcia Maria Noelia , Cameron Erin K. , Chen Litong , Chisholm Chelsea , Crowther Thomas W. , Deslippe Julie R. , Grigulis Karl , He Jin‐Sheng , Henning Jeremiah A. , Hovenden Mark , Høye Toke T. Thomas , Jing Xin , Lavorel Sandra , McLaren Jennie R. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Newman Gregory S. , Nielsen Marie Louise , Rixen Christian , Read Quentin D. , Rewcastle Kenna E. , Rodriguez‐Cabal Mariano , Wardle David A. , Wipf Sonja , Sanders Nathan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA growing body of work examines the direct and indirect effects of climate change on ecosystems, typically by using manipulative experiments at a single site or performing meta‐analyses across many independent experiments. However, results from single‐site studies tend to have limited generality. Although meta‐analytic approaches can help overcome this by exploring trends across sites, the inherent limitations in combining disparate datasets from independent approaches remain a major challenge. In this paper, we present a globally distributed experimental network that can be used to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of climate change. We discuss how natural gradients, experimental approaches, and statistical techniques can be combined to best inform predictions about responses to climate change, and we present a globally distributed experiment that utilizes natural environmental gradients to better understand long‐term community and ecosystem responses to environmental change. The warming and (species) removal in mountains (WaRM) network employs experimental warming and plant species removals at high‐ and low‐elevation sites in a factorial design to examine the combined and relative effects of climatic warming and the loss of dominant species on community structure and ecosystem function, both above‐ and belowground. The experimental design of the network allows for increasingly common statistical approaches to further elucidate the direct and indirect effects of warming. We argue that combining ecological observations and experiments along gradients is a powerful approach to make stronger predictions of how ecosystems will function in a warming world as species are lost, or gained, in local communities.
Predation strongly limits demography of a keystone migratory herbivore in a recovering transfrontier ecosystem
Authors: Watson Fred , Becker Matthew S. , Smit Daan , Droge Egil , Mukula Teddy , Martens Sandra , Mwaba Shadrach , Christianson David , Creel Scott , Brennan Angela , M'soka Jassiel , Gaylard Angela , Simukonda Chuma , Nyirenda Moses , Mayani Bridget 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLarge herbivore migrations are imperiled globally; however the factors limiting a population across its migratory range are typically poorly understood. Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) contains one of the largest remaining blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus taurinus) migrations, yet the population structure, vital rates, and limiting factors are virtually unknown. We conducted a long‐term demographic study of GLE wildebeest from 2012 to 2019 of 107 collared adult females and their calves, 7352 herd observations, 12 aerial population surveys, and concurrent carnivore studies. We applied methods of vital rate estimation and survival analysis within a Bayesian estimation framework. From herd composition observations, we estimated rates of fecundity, first‐year survival, and recruitment as 68%, 56%, and 38% respectively, with pronounced interannual variation. Similar rates were estimated from calf‐detections with collared cows. Adult survival rates declined steadily from 91% at age 2 years to 61% at age 10 years thereafter dropping more sharply to 2% at age 16 years. Predation, particularly by spotted hyena, was the predominant cause of death for all wildebeest ages and focused on older animals. Starvation only accounted for 0.8% of all unbiased known natural causes of death. Mortality risk differed substantially between wet and dry season ranges, reflecting strong spatio‐temporal differences in habitat and predator densities. There was substantial evidence that mortality risk to adults was 27% higher in the wet season, and strong evidence that it was 45% higher in the migratory range where predator density was highest. The estimated vital rates were internally consistent, predicting a stable population trajectory consistent with aerial estimates. From essentially zero knowledge of GLE wildebeest dynamics, this work provides vital rates, age structure, limiting factors, and a plausible mechanism for the migratory tendency, and a robust model‐based foundation to evaluate the effects of potential restrictions in migratory range, climate change, predator–prey dynamics, and poaching.
The protective effect of LCZ696 in coxsackievirus B3‐induced acute viral myocarditis mice
Authors: Jing Xu , Hao Lian , Yuan‐Nan Lin , Wei‐Ke Liu , Lu‐Shen Jin , Jin‐Yan Ke , Yi‐Lian Chen , Yi‐Xuan Qiu , Li‐Sha Ge , Yue‐Chun Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsAcute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is the aetiology of heart failure (HF) with few specific treatments. The improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a critical predictor for the prognosis of AVMC. LCZ696 is a drug used in HF to improve LVEF, with a few research on AVMC. In this research, we evaluated the effects and mechanism of LCZ696 in improving LVEF in AVMC.MethodsEighty 4‐week‐old male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of 20: Sham; Sham + LCZ696 (60 mg/kg/d); AVMC; AVMC + LCZ696. The above experiments were repeated by CVB3‐infected HL‐1 and Mdivi‐1 to down‐regulated dynamin‐related protein 1(Drp1). Adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9) with enhanced green fluorescent proteins (GFP) was injected to produce Drp1‐overexpression mice and set up four groups: AVMC group, AVMC + AAV group, AVMC + LCZ696 group, and AVMC + LCZ696 + AAV group (n = 20 in each group). LVEF was evaluated by echocardiography at a similar heart rate (HR) at d7, Drp1 (p‐Drp1), inflammation and apoptosis by histology and Western blot (WB), and mitochondrial by electron microscopy.ResultsCardiac function were injured in AVMC that LCZ696 reversed (LVEF, %: Sham: 68.99 ± 9.67; Sham + LCZ696: 71.96 ± 6.20; AVMC: 30.95 ± 6.40*; AVMC + LCZ696: 68.99 ± 9.67*#, *P < 0.05 vs. Sham, #P < 0.05 vs. AVMC). LCZ696 attenuated p‐Drp1 expression, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission (p‐Drp1/Drp1: Sham: 1; Sham + LCZ696: 1.37 ± 0.22; AVMC: 2.29 ± 0.36*; AVMC+LCZ696: 1.43 ± 0.08*#, *P < 0.05 vs. Sham, #P < 0.05 vs. AVMC). Some of the above results were repeated in CVB3‐infected HL‐1 cells and Mdivi‐1. AAV increased Drp1 expression and mitochondrial fission, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Compared with the AVMC + AAV group, the LVEF increased from 24.44 ± 0.03% to 32.33 ± 0.05% in the AVMC + LCZ696 + AAV group(P < 0.05), p‐Drp1/Drp1 decreased from 0.54 ± 0.12 to 0.42 ± 0.09*, and IL‐6, c‐IL‐1β, and c‐caspase‐3/caspase‐3 decreased from 1.07 ± 0.22 to 0.72 ± 0.08*, from 1.03 ± 0.14 to 0.79 ± 0.09*, and from 4.69 ± 0.29 to 0.92 ± 0.13*, respectively (*P < 0.05).ConclusionsLCZ696 has a protective effect on AVMC by improving LVEF and reducing inflammation and apoptosis, which may be due to the inhibition of Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission.
Assessing anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular immunity in 571 vaccines by using an IFN‐γ release assay
Authors: Wakui Masatoshi , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Yatabe Yoko , Nakagawa Terumichi , Sakai Akiko , Kurafuji Toshinobu , Shibata Ayako , Tomita Yukari , Noguchi Masayo , Tanabe Akiko , Arai Tomoko , Ohno Akemi , Yokota Hiromitsu , Uno Shunsuke , Yamasawa Wakako , Sato Yasunori , Ikeda Mari , Yoshimura Akihiko , Hasegawa Naoki , Saya Hideyuki , Murata Mitsuru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMemory T cell responses have been analyzed only in small cohorts of COVID‐19 vaccines. Herein, we aimed to assess anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular immunity in a large cohort using QuantiFERON assays, which are IFN‐γ release assays (IGRAs) based on short‐term whole blood culture. The study included 571 individuals receiving the viral spike (S) protein‐expressing BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. QuantiFERON assays revealed antigen‐specific IFN‐γ production in most individuals 8 weeks after the second dose. Simultaneous flow cytometric assays to detect T cells expressing activation‐induced markers (AIMs) performed for 28 randomly selected individuals provided data correlating with the QuantiFERON data. Simultaneous IFN‐γ enzyme‐linked immunospot and AIM assays for another subset of 31 individuals, based on short‐term peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture, also indicated a correlation between IFN‐γ production and AIM positivity. These observations indicated the acquisition of T cell memory responses and supported the usability of IGRAs to assess cellular immunity. The QuantiFERON results were weakly correlated with serum IgG titers against the receptor‐binding domain of the S protein and were associated with pre‐vaccination infection and adverse reactions after the second dose. The present study revealed cellular immunity after COVID‐19 vaccination, providing insights into the effects and adverse reactions of vaccination.
Automatic work‐order assignment method for Chinese government hotline
Authors: Chen Gang , She Xiangrong , Chen Jianpeng , Chen Jian , Qin Jiaqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGovernment hotline plays a significant role in meeting the demands of the people and resolving social conflicts in China. In this paper, we propose an automatic work‐order assignment method based on event extraction and external knowledge to address the problem of low efficiency with manual assignment for Chinese government hotline. Our proposed assignment method is composed of four parts: (1) Semantic encoding layer, which extracts semantic information from the work‐order text and obtains semantic representation vectors with contextual feature information. (2) Event extraction layer which extracts the local features and global features from the semantic representation vectors with the help of the CRF network to enhance event extraction effect. (3) External knowledge embedding layer, which integrates ‘rights and responsibilities lists’ with the historical information of the work‐order to assist assignment. (4) Assignment layer which completes work‐order assignment by combining two output vectors from event extraction layer and external knowledge embedding layer. Experimental results show our proposed method can achieve better assignment performance compared with several baseline methods.
Flood hazard model calibration using multiresolution model output
Authors: Roth Samantha M. , Lee Ben Seiyon , Sharma Sanjib , Hosseini‐Shakib Iman , Keller Klaus , Haran Murali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRiverine floods pose a considerable risk to many communities. Improving flood hazard projections has the potential to inform the design and implementation of flood risk management strategies. Current flood hazard projections are uncertain, especially due to uncertain model parameters. Calibration methods use observations to quantify model parameter uncertainty. With limited computational resources, researchers typically calibrate models using either relatively few expensive model runs at high spatial resolutions or many cheaper runs at lower spatial resolutions. This leads to an open question: is it possible to effectively combine information from the high and low resolution model runs? We propose a Bayesian emulation–calibration approach that assimilates model outputs and observations at multiple resolutions. As a case study for a riverine community in Pennsylvania, we demonstrate our approach using the LISFLOOD‐FP flood hazard model. The multiresolution approach results in improved parameter inference over the single resolution approach in multiple scenarios. Results vary based on the parameter values and the number of available models runs. Our method is general and can be used to calibrate other high dimensional computer models to improve projections.
Modification g‐C3N4 by MgO and its application for glycerol carbonate synthesis from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Reisi Bahareh , Najafi Chermahini Alireza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlycerol (GLY) as a by‐product in bio‐diesel synthesis should be converted to more valuable compounds. In the present study, MgO/graphitic carbon nitride (MgO/g‐C3N4) was synthesized and characterized using several techniques, including FESEM, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, TEM, and CO2‐TPD. The MgO/g‐C3N4 catalysts illustrated high catalytic activity compared with pure g‐C3N4 and MgO for conversion of glycerol to glycerol carbonate (GC) through transesterification reaction between GLY and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). According to the results, the optimum reaction conditions were: reaction time of 4 h, reaction temperature of 80°C, molar ratio of reactants (DMC:GLY) 3:1, and MgO/C3N4 catalyst dosage of 30 mg. The catalyst with a certain ratio of MgO:g‐C3N4 = 6:1 showed the maximum GC yield of 95.47% at 80°C and good reusability. The simple preparation method, good catalytic activity, and reusability of the catalyst shows capability of this catalytic system on an industrial scale.
Masculinities
Authors: Thangaraj Stanley 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study of masculinities is a recent growing field in Anthropology. Within this growing subfield, one must be careful to study masculinities within wide circuits of power. By examining masculinities instead of masculinity, I center the social context and multiplicities necessary to ethnographically chart masculinities without falling into the trap of just centering male bodies and only the social practices of men. Masculinities must be understood in relation to colonialism, postcolonialism, imperialism, racism, heterosexism, and heteronormativity. Black feminist theory, women of color feminism, Third World feminism, and queer of color critique provide important theoretical tools in ethnographic research to decipher power and can destabilize singular, hegemonic Western epistemologies about masculinity. Through such a theoretical engagement, I showcase the complexity, multiplicity, and contradictions in the performance of masculinities in the global South, in queer of color communities, in Indigenous communities, and across various institutions in social life.
Uncertainty‐driven oil volatility risk premium and international stock market volatility forecasting
Authors: Fang Tong , Miao Deyu , Su Zhi , Yin Libo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractForecasting international stock market volatility using the oil volatility risk premium (OVRP) is important for asset allocation and financial risk management. In previous literature, the issue of biased OVRP has not been well addressed. The OVRP is defined as the difference between the ex ante risk‐neutral expectation of oil return variation and the oil realized variance. This is a biased estimator as argued by previous studies. In this paper, we propose a new measure of OVRP, namely, the uncertainty‐driven OVRP (UOVRP), in which the expected realized variation is the conditional variance of oil futures returns estimated by a typical GARCH‐MIDAS model, and the long‐term volatility component of conditional variance is directly determined by several uncertainty indices. Using heterogeneous autoregressive models (HAR), we find that UOVRPs significantly and positively predict most of the international stock market volatility in‐sample. Furthermore, it significantly outperforms the realized volatility, the “model‐free” OVRP, and recently proposed volatility predictors for most American, European, and Pacific markets out‐of‐sample. On average, UOVRPs driven by the world uncertainty index and the U.S. economic policy uncertainty perform the best among all UOVRPs. The predictive ability of UOVRPs is robust across a series of checks.
Geology, geochemistry and genesis of Tabei: A newly identified intermediate‐sulphidation epithermal Pb–Zn deposit adjacent to low‐sulphidation Au deposit in the Tulasu Basin, Chinese Western Tianshan
Authors: Peng Yi‐Wei , Gu Xue‐Xiang , Su Jing , Zhang Yong‐Mei , Wang Jia‐Lin , Wang Xin‐Li , Chen Xi , Song Ming‐Wei , Shu Zhi‐Ping 
Published: October 2022

The Tabei Pb–Zn deposit is located adjacent to the well‐known Axi low‐sulphidation epithermal Au deposit in the Tulasu Basin, Chinese Western Tianshan. The homogenization temperatures and salinities of H2O‐rich biphase inclusions in ore‐stage sphalerite and calcite from Tabei range from 100 to 170°C and 0.4 to 6.2 wt% NaCleq, respectively. The δ13CV‐PDB and δ18OV‐SMOW values of calcite range from 0.9‰ to 1.5‰ and 5.6‰ to 6.7‰, respectively. The δ18OH2O and δDH2O values of hydrothermal fluids vary from −7.0‰ to −5.9‰ and −120.8‰ to −111.1‰, respectively. The in‐situ δ34SV‐CDT values of sulphides range from 7.5‰ to 8.0‰ (average 7.7‰). The in‐situ Pb isotopic compositions of galena and (87Sr/86Sr)0 ratios of sphalerite resemble those of Au‐bearing pyrite and quartz of Axi deposit, respectively, as well as the ore‐hosting volcanic rocks. These isotopic compositions indicate that the ore metals were derived from the ore‐hosting volcanic rocks, with the ore‐forming fluids consisting predominantly of circulating meteoric water. The absence of coexisting two‐phase vapour and liquid fluid inclusions and the presence of abundant banded coarse‐grained quartz crystals with dog tooth and comb textures at Tabei, suggest that the sulphides precipitated slowly due to conductive cooling. The high sulphide abundance, sulphide assemblage (pyrite + Fe‐poor sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite), ore textures and isotopic compositions suggest that Tabei represents an intermediate‐sulphidation epithermal deposit. The Axi‐Tabei Au–Pb–Zn epithermal system constitutes a hybrid consisting of Au veins at shallow level and Pb–Zn veins at depth, suggesting that the base metals remain highly prospective beneath the identified Au orebodies at Axi.
Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of the relationship between task‐related hemodynamic responses and cortical excitability
Authors: Cai Zhengchen , Pellegrino Giovanni , Lina Jean‐Marc , Benali Habib , Grova Christophe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInvestigating the relationship between task‐related hemodynamic responses and cortical excitability is challenging because it requires simultaneous measurement of hemodynamic responses while applying noninvasive brain stimulation. Moreover, cortical excitability and task‐related hemodynamic responses are both associated with inter‐/intra‐subject variability. To reliably assess such a relationship, we applied hierarchical Bayesian modeling. This study involved 16 healthy subjects who underwent simultaneous Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS10, PAS25, Sham) while monitoring brain activity using functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), targeting the primary motor cortex (M1). Cortical excitability was measured by Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs), and the motor task‐related hemodynamic responses were measured using fNIRS 3D reconstructions. We constructed three models to investigate: (1) PAS effects on the M1 excitability, (2) PAS effects on fNIRS hemodynamic responses to a finger tapping task, and (3) the correlation between PAS effects on M1 excitability and PAS effects on task‐related hemodynamic responses. Significant increase in cortical excitability was found following PAS25, whereas a small reduction of the cortical excitability was shown after PAS10 and a subtle increase occurred after sham. Both HbO and HbR absolute amplitudes increased after PAS25 and decreased after PAS10. The probability of the positive correlation between modulation of cortical excitability and hemodynamic activity was 0.77 for HbO and 0.79 for HbR. We demonstrated that PAS stimulation modulates task‐related cortical hemodynamic responses in addition to M1 excitability. Moreover, the positive correlation between PAS modulations of excitability and hemodynamics brought insight into understanding the fundamental properties of cortical function and cortical excitability.