bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative database for Spaeth Richman contrast sensitivity test for Indian eyes
Authors: Bariya Sonia , Ichhpujani Parul , Rehman Obaidur , Kumar Suresh 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To ascertain normative database of contrast sensitivity (CS) using Spaeth/Richman CS test (SPARCS) in the Indian population.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 200 healthy individuals, and CS was tested in both eyes of each participant using SPARCS. A detailed ocular examination was done before enrollment to rule out pathologies that may affect CS. A practice test was performed in the right eye (OD), followed by uniocular testing in each eye and a final binocular test.

Results:
Data of 400 eyes of 200 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria was evaluated. The average age of subjects was 46.57 ± 16.77 years (range 21–79 years), with a slight female preponderance (53%, n = 106). A statistically significant decline in average SPARCS scores was noted with increasing age (P < 0.05), ranging from 86.68 (20–29 years age group) to 67.44 (70–79 years age group). Higher scores were noted in binocular testing than uniocular testing (Interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.83; P < 0.001). Females achieved statistically significant higher total scores in uniocular SPARCS testing (both OD and OS), but there was no significant difference noted between the two genders in binocular testing. Correlation between practice and main tests was statistically Significant with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.54 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Normative database for SPARCS was established for Indian eyes, with a decreasing trend noted in peripheral as well as central CS scores with increasing age.
Glaucoma screening skills among general ophthalmologists - How general should it be?
Authors: Gawas Lisika , Roy Avik K , Rao Aparna 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To compare the glaucoma assessment skills among general ophthalmologists in their referral patients over 5 years.

Methods:
This was a retrospective auditing of the electronic medical record database. Details of consecutive new glaucoma patients seen in the glaucoma services of a tertiary eye care institute in 2013 and 2018 were collected. Details of each patient included the clinical presentation, baseline intra-ocular pressure (IOP), type and severity of glaucoma, referral details, gonioscopy, HVF (Humphrey visual field) data, and the number of medications. Statistical tests used were the Chi-square test and T test using SPSS version 22.

Results:
Of 28,886 medical records screened, 211 and 568 new glaucoma patients were retrieved in 2013 and 2018, respectively. The patients presenting in 2018 were younger (58.1 ± 15.4 years) at presentation than in 2013 (65.6 ± 15.2 years), P < 0.01, and also had higher baseline IOP (IOP ≥40 mm Hg was found in 9.5% in 2018 versus 2.4% in 2013; P < 0.01). The percentage of eyes with presenting visual acuity worse than 20/400 or 20/600 was higher in the patients presenting in 2018 (22.2% vs. 15.1%; P = 0.03). Although primary glaucoma predominated in both periods, the number of eyes referred to as disc suspects showed an increase in 2018 (4.7% to 14.4%; P < 0.01). Among 195 and 517 referrals in 2013 and 2018, respectively, the documentation of clinical findings were dismally poor in both the groups in terms of absent gonioscopy (99% vs. 98.2%, P = 0.4), absent disc details (89.6% vs. 91%, P = 0.5), or absent visual field analysis (79.1% vs. 74.8%, P = 0.2). However, the missing IOP values were significantly better in the latter year (77.3% vs. 57.2%; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The increase in the number of new glaucoma patients and referrals did not show a corresponding improvement in documentation of findings except for IOP recording among general ophthalmologists. Hence, we need to re-emphasize the training of general ophthalmologists on basic glaucoma evaluation to improve their referral ability.
Evaluation of posterior capsular opacification and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet capsulotomy rates in patients with hydrophilic intraocular lens implantation with and without ocular viscoelastic device
Authors: Joshi Rajesh Subhash , Surwade Tanmay , Rasal Ashwini 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To study the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with and without ocular viscoelastic device (OVD) on posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in eyes with phacoemulsification.

Methods:
This prospective, comparative, and randomized case series included 70 patients (140 eyes) with senile cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in a tertiary eye c are center. One eye of each patient was randomized to one of the two groups, namely, control and OVD. After phacoemulsification, the IOL was placed in the capsular bag under balanced salt solution (BSS) in the control group, whereas the IOL was placed under OVD in the OVD group. PCO was analyzed by an independent observer at 6, 12, and 18 months under slit-lamp illumination.

Results:
The mean age of the participants in the two groups was 61.2 (±9.9) years. Of the total participants, 68 (48.5%) were men and 72 (51.5%) were women. The mean keratometry (K1, K2) values of the OVD (44.26 ± 1.43, 44.93 ± 1.66) and control (44.51 ± 1.74, 44.69 ± 1.49) groups were similar. The mean IOL powers of the control and OVD groups were 21.25 (±1.94) and 21.53 (±1.86), respectively (P = 0.463). The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the control group at 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups were 0.622 (±0.253), 0.315 (±0.203), and 0.063 (±0.163), respectively, whereas those of the OVD group were 0.592 (±0.253), 0.336 (±0.169), and 0.066 (±0.118), respectively (P = 0.922). None of the patients had postoperative raised intraocular pressure (IOP), uveitis, or endophthalmitis. Three and four eyes in the control and OVD groups, respectively, required neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (ND: YAG) capsulotomy at study termination (P = 0.999).

Conclusion:
The hydroimplantation technique of the placement of hydrophilic IOL did not reduce the PCO rate in the 18-month follow-up period. The ND: YAG capsulotomy rate did not differ between the groups.
A series of 777 pellet gun ocular injuries over a 4-month period in Kashmir
Authors: Wei Xin , Ang Bryan Chin Hou , Nazir Arshi , Shah Faisal Qayoom , Qureshi Tariq , Jain Astha , Natarajan Sundaram 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To examine the incidence, clinical findings and management of pellet gun–related ocular injuries that occurred during protests in Kashmir region.

Methods:
This retrospective study included records from 777 patients diagnosed with pellet gun–related ocular injuries admitted to a tertiary hospital in Srinagar, India, between July and November 2016. By reviewing the clinical records, the following data were collected: demographics, clinical information pertaining to the injury, imaging reports including computer tomography and ultrasonography B-scan, management in the emergency setting, and follow-up treatment.

Results:
Mean age was 22.3 ± 7.2 years and majority patients were male (97.7%). In terms of laterality, 94.3% and 5.7% of the patients sustained monocular and binocular injuries, respectively. In terms of the nature of injury, 76.3% of the eyes had open globe injury while 23.7% of the eyes had closed eye injury. Emergency surgical exploration was performed in 67.7% of closed globe injuries while emergency primary repair was done in 91.1% of open globe injuries. The vast majority of patients (98.7%) who required surgery underwent surgical intervention on the day of admission or the next day. Final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after treatment was counting fingers or worse in 82.4% of the eyes.

Conclusion:
Pellet gun–related ocular injuries resulted in significant ocular morbidity, mostly manifesting as open globe injuries. Treatment often required surgical interventions, but despite expeditious management, visual prognosis remained poor for most of the patients.
On the greatest common divisor ofnand thenth Fibonacci number, II
Authors: Jha Abhishek , Sanna Carlo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet$\mathcal {A}$be the set of all integers of the form$\gcd (n, F_n)$, wherenis a positive integer and$F_n$denotes thenth Fibonacci number. Leonetti and Sanna proved that$\mathcal {A}$has natural density equal to zero, and asked for a more precise upper bound. We prove that$$ \begin{align*} \#\big(\mathcal{A} \cap [1, x]\big) \ll \frac{x \log \log \log x}{\log \log x} \end{align*} $$for all sufficiently largex. In fact, we prove that a similar bound also holds when the sequence of Fibonacci numbers is replaced by a general nondegenerate Lucas sequence.
Management of injuries in Swiss primary care practices: a cross-sectional study within the Sentinella surveillance system
Authors: Bäumlin Rolf , Kaiser Christelle , Combescure Christophe , Rohrer-Christ Jörg , Herzig Lilli , Haller Dagmar M. 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Injuries are amongst the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our aim was to describe the frequency, type of injury and care provided in primary care in Switzerland.
METHODS: We used anonymous data from 14,307 injury-related consultations of all ages, with a representative sample of 160 primary care physicians from the Sentinella network throughout the year 2017. Descriptive information about patients presenting with one or multiple injuries and the type of care provided were collected in a weekly questionnaire. Data about the primary care physicians including their experience, postgraduate training, equipment and skills were obtained using a single anonymous questionnaire. Negative binomial regression models with mixed effects were used to examine the association between primary care physicians’ characteristics, the proportion represented by injured patients in their total activity and independent management in primary care (without referral). With these models, the associations are expressed as a ratio of prevalence (PR).
RESULTS: The median proportion (prevalence) of injury-related consultations was 2.0% (range 0.0–19.8%), with a significant difference between paediatricians and general practitioners (median 1.2% vs 2.1%). Nearly 60% of consultations for injuries involved men, 21.0% were for patients <18 years and 15.3% for those above 65. Sprains and dislocations (31.2%) were the most frequent diagnoses followed by cutaneous injuries (23.0%), contusions (20.1%) and fractures (18.8%). Of the injuries presenting directly to primary care, 87.0% were managed by the primary care physician without referral to external services. Fractures were the main diagnosis motivating referral, yet 67.9% of them were entirely managed within primary care. Multivariable analyses showed that training as a paediatrician and a longer experience in primary care were associated with having a lower prevalence of injury-related consultations (adjusted PR [adjPR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.78 and adjPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.75, respectively), whereas the ability to offer wound care including sutures and both splints and casts were associated with a much higher prevalence of injury-related consultations (adjPR 9.36, 95% CI 3.42–25.61 and adjPR 2.38, 95% CI 1.43–3.97, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The proportion represented by injured patients in a primary care physician’s total activity is heterogeneous. Most patients with mild to moderate injuries could be managed in primary care without referral to secondary care. Further studies could explore factors associated with patients’ decision to consult their primary care physician or emergency services for injuries. Exploring outcomes of primary care and patients’ satisfaction is another future research priority.
Implementación de videollamadas en adultos mayores del municipio de Jutiapa
Authors: García Barrera Laura Geovanna 
Published: October 2022

OBJETIVO: determinar el estado emocional de adulos mayores institucionalizados con covid-19 mediante la implementación de videollamadas por el área de psicología. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 24 pacientes ingresados en una unidad de Covid-19 con el fin de recabar datos sobre las variables: edad, genero, escolaridad, estado civil, estado emocional y grado de satisfacción sobre la técnica de la implementación de llamadas. RESULTADOS: se evidenció el impacto positivo del uso de las videollamadas en el estado de ánimo con resultados significativos con un 37.5% de pacientes en estado emocional alegría, sin embargo, también se determinó un 37.5% de pacientes en estado emocional de temor, manifestado un alto nivel de ansiedad frente a las inseguridades de la enfermedad Covid-19. Con menor frecuencia estado emocional triste 16.6% y estado emocional enojo- ira con un 8.3% respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: la implementación de la técnica de videollamadas demostró en los resultados que el 90% de los sujetos de estudio se sienten satisfactoriamente, y que el estar en contacto con la familia por medio de la tecnología si tiene incidencia positiva en la regulación emocional.
Determinación del grado de dependencia y su rehabilitación con terapias no farmacológicas en los adultos mayores
Authors: Hernández Aldana Alex Ovidio , Nájera González Edwin Adolfo , Guillén Dardon Dick Randolfo 
Published: October 2022

OBJETIVO: determinar la correlación entre el deterioro cognitivo y el grado de funcionalidad en las actividades fundamentales, intermedias y avanzadas de la vida diaria en los adultos mayores de una residencia geriátrica en el departamento de Zacapa. por medio de los test de Folstein y el índice de Barthel. MÉTODO se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 66 pacientes de una residencia geriátrica en el departamento de Zacapa. RESULTADOS: el deterioro cognitivo severo representa el 48% de la población y el moderado el 23%. Mientras que los niveles de dependencia moderado y severo representa el 32% de la población, teniendo estos múltiples retos en su autonomía. El grado de deterioro cognitivo determina también los retos o dependencia que pueda tener el paciente CONCLUSIÓN: la dependencia determina el grado de deterioro cognitivo y a su vez el grado de deterioro cognitivo determina los retos de las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria.
Scientific Temper among Junior High School Students of Balasore District, Odisha
Authors: Acharya Amulya Kumar , Mohanty Shishir 
Published: October 2022

Scientific temper is an essential skill of 21st century youth. The New Education Policy (NEP 2020) in its recommendation clearly mentioned Specific skills and abilities, such as scientific temper, creativity, communication, fitness and wellness, teamwork, problem-solving, digital literacy, ethics, and so on, will be emphasized in school. In this context each and every individual should process scientific temper for holistic development. Recently it was conducted to find out the scientific temper of high school students in relation to their gender and locality. The current study used a descriptive survey method. The sample for the present study consisted of 112 students of 10th standard studying in government schools of Sadar block and Remuna block of Balasore District of Odisha were got as the example through stratified random sampling method. Data was collected by using scientific temper test constructed by Elizabeth Joshua of Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam. Statistical techniques like Mean, Median, S.D. and t-test to examine the data. The results of the study stated that Girls have high level of Scientific Temper compared to that of Boys, and students studying in school urban area are having high level of Scientific Temper compared to the students studying in rural area.
An Analysis of Book T'alimul Muta'alim on Education Character and It’s Relationship with Education Character Programs at Indonesia
Authors: Bela Nurita , Jannah Siti Raudlatul , Jaenullah Jaenullah 
Published: October 2022

The article analyzed the values of education character that contained in the book Ta'limul Muta'allim by Al-Zarnuji, especially (1) reveal and identify the exposure of character education in the book Ta'limul Muta'allim, (2) describe the relevance of the values of character education in the book Ta'limul Muta'allim with character education in Indonesia. This type of research was qualitative research. This research uses the method of literature study, library research (library research). The primary data source is the Ta'limul Muta'allim book. Data collection techniques are carried out and processed with documentation in the form of writing, pictures, or monumental works from someone. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the values of character education in the book of Ta'limul Muta'allim include: active in learning, honest, intelligent, increasing knowledge, avoiding mutual hostility, choosing friends, humility, deliberation, loving nature, patient and persevering. (2) The relevance of the value of character education in the book Ta'limul Muta'allim with the value of character education in Indonesia contains the cultivation of values which include religious character, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, spirit of nationalism, love for the homeland, respect for achievements, friendly/communicative, love peace, love to read, care for the environment, care about social, and responsibility
Keywords: Education Character, Education Character Program, Analysis T'alimul Muta'alim
Albizia Forest Management System In The Madiun Distric
Authors: Rekyani Puspitawati Indah , Susanto Anang 
Published: October 2022

communities in using natural resource areas. This study aims to determine the advantages of the agroforestry system, which is a mixture of albizia and mountain rice. The agroforestry system gave the best growth of albizia after three years. The mean Annual Increment diameter and height of 3-year-old albizia plants in agroforestry systems were 14.02 cm and 7.19 m, respectively. The agroforestry system is also believed to reduce the number of forest damage because local people who originally stole forest wood have begun to be diverted to more productive planting activities with an intensification pattern. The involvement of local communities in business activities based on natural resource management in various forms is part of the concept of corporate social responsibility. The agroforestry system is superior to the intensive monoculture pattern because it can absorb more labor and increase the income of local communities, creating cooperation and togetherness between companies. Furthermore, an agroforestry system can reduce the number of forest and land fires because local communities, as arsonists, will help protect their land and crops.
Impact of agricultural management on soil aggregates and associated organic carbon fractions: analysis of long-term experiments in Europe
Authors: Panagea Ioanna S. , Apostolakis Antonios , Berti Antonio , Bussell Jenny , Čermak Pavel , Diels Jan , Elsen Annemie , Kusá Helena , Piccoli Ilaria , Poesen Jean , Stoate Chris , Tits Mia , Toth Zoltan , Wyseure Guido 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Inversion tillage is a commonly applied soil cultivation practice in Europe, which often has been blamed for deteriorating topsoil stability and organic carbon (OC) content. In this study, the potential to reverse these negative effects in the topsoil by alternative agricultural management practices are evaluated in seven long-term experiments (running from 8 to 54 years the moment of sampling) in five European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy and UK). Topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected and analysed to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage (reduced and no tillage) and increased organic inputs of different origin (farmyard manure, compost, crop residues) combined with inversion tillage on topsoil stability, soil aggregates and, within these, OC distribution using wet sieving after slaking. Effects from the treatments on the two main components of organic matter, i.e. particulate (POM) and mineral associated (MAOM), were also evaluated using dispersion and size fractionation. Reduced and no-tillage practices, as well as the additions of manure or compost, increased the aggregates mean weight diameter (MWD) (up to 49 % at the Belgian study site) and topsoil OC (up to 51 % at the Belgian study site), as well as the OC corresponding to the different aggregate size fractions. The incorporation of crop residues had a positive impact on the MWD but a less profound effect both on total OC and on OC associated with the different aggregates. A negative relationship between the mass and the OC content of the microaggregates (53–250 µm) was identified in all experiments. There was no effect on the mass of the macroaggregates and the occluded microaggregates (mM) within these macroaggregates, while the corresponding OC contents increased with less tillage and more organic inputs. Inversion tillage led to less POM within the mM, whereas the different organic inputs did not affect it. In all experiments where the total POM increased, the total soil organic carbon (SOC) was also affected positively. We concluded that the negative effects of inversion tillage on topsoil can be mitigated by reducing the tillage intensity or adding organic materials, optimally combined with non-inversion tillage methods.
South Asian Migrants in United Arab Emirates: Impact and Challenges
Authors: Taukeer Mohammed 
Published: October 2022

Present paper is focused on impact of South Asian migrants in the Arabian culture of United Arab Emirates with emerging prospectus and challenges. Major objectives of this research are based on the study of impact of South Asian migrants in the culture of Arab with challenges of identity of South Asian migrants in United Arab Emirates. The field work was conducted in December 2019 in purposively selected cities namely- Dubai and Sharjah in United Arab Emirates. The primary data is collected from 200 South Asian migrants under saturation stage of information under qualitative study design. The primary data is analysed by narratives, descriptions and case study for better interpretation of the findings of the study. The finding of the study shows that there is explicit impact of South Asian culture in United Arab Emirates because there are cordial linkages between South Asian and Arabian culture. These consequences created new cultural landscape included to culture of South Asia and Arabian culture. Additionally, South Asian migrants face socio-economic and political identities among Arabians. Therefore, paper depth analysis the impact of South Asian migrant and their problems in United Arab Emirates with prescribed polices for future research work in the field of impact of South Asian migrants and their problems in Gulf countries.
Adolescents’ Career Decision Making: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Asghar Sameen , Ajmal Muhammad Asir 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing career decision making of adolescents at higher secondary level of education. A qualitative inquiry was done using grounded theory method that aimed at developing a career decisions theory which is indigenous to Pakistani culture and society. Sample consisted of adolescents studying at higher secondary level of education in different schools and colleges of Lahore, Pakistan. Semi structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. Telephonic interviews were conducted. A combination of purposive, snowball and convenience sampling strategies was employed for data collection. A total fifty interviews were conducted and based upon the richness of the data provided; fourteen interviews were selected for further analysis. The results show that ‘’scope’’, family influences, influence of institution, peer influences, planning, gender, knowledge about ones’ self, beliefs, need for change, finances, command on subject matter, looking towards future, market value, international and local system of education and preconceived notions about fields are the factors that influence career decisions of adolescents in Pakistan. Implications in both basic and applied areas of research were discussed.