bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated prevalence of eating disorders in Malaysia based on a diagnostic screen
Authors: Chua Sook Ning , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Austin S. Bryn , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor C. Barr 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) are debilitating health conditions and common across cultures. Recent reports suggest that about 14.0% of university students in Malaysia are at risk for developing an ED, and that prevalence may differ by ethnicity and gender. However, less is known about the prevalence of EDs in nonuniversity populations.ObjectiveThe current study seeks to (1) estimate the prevalence of EDs and ED risk status among adults in Malaysia using an established diagnostic screen; (2) examine gender and ethnic differences between ED diagnostic/risk status groups; and (3) characterize the clinical profile of individuals who screen positive for an ED.MethodWe administered the Stanford‐Washington University Eating Disorder Screen, an online ED screening tool, to adults in Malaysia in September 2020.ResultsED risk/diagnostic categories were assigned to 818 participants (ages 18–73 years) of which, 0.8% screened positive for anorexia nervosa, 1.4% for bulimia nervosa, 0.1% for binge‐ED, 51.4% for other specified feeding or ED, and 4.8% for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. There was gender parity in the high risk and the overall ED categories. The point prevalence of positive eating pathology screening among Malays was significantly higher than Chinese but no different from Indians.DiscussionThis is the first study to estimate the prevalence of EDs using a diagnostic screen in a population‐based sample of Malaysians. It is concerning that over 50% of Malaysians reported symptoms of EDs. This study highlights the need to invest more resources in understanding and managing eating pathology in Malaysia.Public SignificanceThis study estimates the prevalence of EDs among adults in Malaysia using an online EDs screen. Over 50% of Malaysians report symptoms of EDs. The study highlights the need for more resources and funding to address this important public health issue through surveillance, prevention, and treatment of EDs in Malaysia.
The dispersal between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest during the Early Neogene revealed by the biogeography of the treefrog tribe Sphaenorhynchini (Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: Pereira Elvis Almeida , Ceron Karoline , da Silva Hélio Ricardo , Santana Diego José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest, separated by the diagonal of open formations, are two ecoregions that comprise the most diverse tropical forests in the world. The Sphaenorhynchini tribe is among the few tribes of anurans that occur in both rainforests, and their historical biogeographic have never been proposed. In this study, we infer a dated phylogeny for the species of the Sphaenorhynchini and we reconstructed the biogeographic history describing the diversification chronology, and possible patterns of dispersion and vicariance, providing information about how orogeny, forest dynamics and allopatric speciation affected their evolution in South America. We provided a dated phylogeny and biogeography study for the Sphaenorhynchini tribe using mitochondrial and nuclear genes. We analyzed 41 samples to estimate the ancestral areas using biogeographical analysis based on the estimated divergence times and the current geographical ranges of the species of Sphaenorhynchini. We recovered three characteristic clades that we recognize as groups of species (S. lacteus, S. planicola, and S. platycephalus groups), with S. carneus and G. pauloalvini being the sister taxa of all other species from the tribe. We found that the diversification of the tribe lineages coincided with the main climatic and geological factors that shaped the Neotropical landscape during the Cenozoic. The most recent common ancestor of the Sphaenorhynchini species emerged in the North of the Atlantic Forest and migrated to the Amazonia in different dispersion events that occurred during the connections between these ecoregions. This is the first large‐scale study to include an almost complete calibrated phylogeny of Sphaenorhynchini, presenting important information about the evolution and diversification of the tribe. Overall, we suggest that biogeographic historical of Sphaenorhynchini have resulted from a combination of repeated range expansion and contraction cycles concurrent with climate fluctuations and dispersal events between the Atlantic Forest and Amazonia.
Seasonal modifications of longitudinal distribution patterns within a stream: Interspecific interactions in the niche overlap zones of two Ephemera mayflies
Authors: Okamoto Seiya , Takenaka Masaki , Tojo Koji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNiche differentiation between closely related species leads to differentiation of their habitats. Segregation based on slight differences in environmental factors, that is niche differentiation on the microhabitat scale, allows more species to inhabit a certain geographic space. Therefore, such fine scale niche differentiation is an important factor in the support of species diversity. In addition, niche differentiation on the microhabitat scale and/or the differentiation of breeding seasons can be considered typical mechanisms that facilitate multispecies’ co‐existence. In this study, sister species (Commonly, Ephemera japonica inhabit at upstream region and Ephemera strigata inhabit at middle stream region), which often coexist in the upper to middle reaches of river systems of the Japanese Islands, were targeted and the following aspects were investigated. First, differences in habitat preference and interspecific differences in flow distribution patterns on a geographically fine scale were tracked in detail. Subsequently, the temporal transitions of their distribution patterns were investigated in detail and seasonal changes were investigated. Finally, we thoroughly investigated the disappearance of nymphs of each species from the river due to emergence affected the distribution of each species (by conducting daily emergence surveys). Combining results of these multiple studies also suggested that there may be spatiotemporal interspecial interaction between these two species within/around their overlapping regions. Traditionally, the longitudinal distribution pattern of these two Ephemera mayflies has been thought to be established based on a difference in habitat preferences, but this study revealed that the interspecific interaction between the two species also plays an important role. This study provides new insights into species diversity and distribution pattern formation in river‐dwelling species.
Non‐visual cues and indirect strategies that enable discrimination of asymmetric mates
Authors: Vijendravarma Roshan Kumar , Leopold Pierre 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe postulates of developmental instability–sexual selection hypothesis is intensely debated among evolutionary biologists, wherein despite a large amount of empirical data, evidence for or against it has been largely inconclusive. A key assumption of this hypothesis is that animals assess symmetry in potential mates as an indicator of genetic quality (developmental stability), and consequently use this information to discriminate against those with higher asymmetries while choosing mates. However, the perceptional basis that must underlie such discriminatory behavior (is symmetry a signal or is symmetry signaled) is not clearly defined. It is also argued that since asymmetry levels in natural populations are very low, the low signal‐to‐noise ratio would make accurate assessment of symmetry both difficult and costly. Rather than attempting to validate this hypothesis or even as to whether animals assess mate symmetry, this review simply aims to examine the plausibility that animals perceive symmetry (directly or indirectly) and consequently discriminate against asymmetric mates in response to perceived irregularities during courtship. For this, we review mate choice and courtship literature to identify potential sensory cues that might advertise asymmetry or lead to discrimination of asymmetric individuals. Although signaling associated with mate choice is commonly multimodal, previous studies on asymmetry have mainly focused on visual perception. In the light of a recent study (Vijendravarma et al., 2022,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119, e2116136119), this review attempts to balance this bias by emphasizing on non‐visual perception of asymmetry. In conclusion, we discuss the methodological challenges associated with testing the role of multimodal cues in detecting mate asymmetry, and highlight the importance of considering ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary aspects of animals while interpreting empirical data that test such hypothesis.
Primary results from the Japanese Heart Failure and Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Trial (HINODE)
Authors: Aonuma Kazutaka , Ando Kenji , Kusano Kengo , Asai Toru , Inoue Koichi , Inamura Yukihiro , Ikeda Takanori , Mitsuhashi Takeshi , Murohara Toyoaki , Nishii Nobuhiro , Nogami Akihiko , Shimizu Wataru , Beaudoint Caroline , Simon Torri , Kayser Torsten , Azlan Hussin , Tachapong Ngarmukos , Chan Joseph Yat‐Sun , Kutyifa Valentina , Sakata Yasushi ,   For the HINODE Investigators
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThe HINODE study aimed to analyse rates of mortality, appropriately treated ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and heart failure in Japanese patients and compared with those in Western patients.Methods and resultsAfter treatment decisions following contemporary practice in Japan, patients were prospectively enrolled into four cohorts: (i) internal cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD), (ii) cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) defibrillator (CRT‐D), (iii) standard medical therapy (‘non‐device’: ND), or (iv) pacing (indicated for CRT; received pacemaker or CRT pacing). Cohorts 1–3 required a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, a history of heart failure, and a need for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death based on two to five previously identified risk factors. Endpoint outcomes were adjudicated by the independent committees. ICD and CRT‐D cohorts, considered as high‐voltage (HV) cohorts, were pooled for Kaplan–Meier analysis and propensity‐matched to Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial‐Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT‐RIT) arm B and C patients. The study enrolled 354 patients followed for 19.6 ± 6.5 months, with a minimum of 12 months. Propensity‐matched HV cohorts showed comparable VA (P = 0.61) and mortality rates (P = 0.29) for HINODE and MADIT‐RIT. The ND cohort presented a high crossover rate to ICD therapy (6.1%, n = 7/115), and the CRT‐D cohort showed elevated mortality rates. The pacing cohort revealed that patients implanted with pacemakers had higher mortality (26.0%) than those with CRT‐Pacing (8.4%, P = 0.05).ConclusionsThe mortality and VA event rates of landmark trials are applicable to patients with primary prevention in Japan. Patients who did not receive guideline‐indicated CRT devices had poor outcomes.
IFNAR signaling in fibroblastic reticular cells can modulate CD8+ memory fate decision
Authors: Knop Laura , Spanier Julia , Larsen Pia‐Katharina , Witte Amelie , Bank Ute , Dunay Ildiko R. , Kalinke Ulrich , Schüler Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCD8+ memory T cells (TM) are crucial for long‐term protection from infections and cancer. Multiple cell types and cytokines are involved in the regulation of CD8+ T cell responses and subsequent TM formation. Besides their direct antiviral effects, type I interferons (IFN‐I) modulate CD8+ T cell immunity via their action on several immune cell subsets. However, it is largely unclear how nonimmune cells are involved in this multicellular network modulating CD8+ TM formation. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form the 3D scaffold of secondary lymphoid organs, express the IFN‐I receptor (IFNAR), and modulate adaptive immune responses. However, it is unclear whether and how early IFNAR signals in lymph node (LN) FRCs affect CD8+ TM differentiation. Using peptide vaccination and viral infection, we studied CD8+ TM differentiation in mice with an FRC‐specific IFNAR deletion (FRCΔIFNAR). We show here that the differentiation of CD8+ TCR‐transgenic T cells into central memory cells (TCM) is enhanced in peptide‐vaccinated FRCΔIFNAR mice. Conversely, vesicular stomatitis virus infection of FRCΔIFNAR mice is associated with impaired TCM formation and the accumulation of vesicular stomatitis virus specific double‐positive CD127hiKLRG‐1hi effector memory T cells. In summary, we provide evidence for a context‐dependent contribution of FRC‐specific IFNAR signaling to CD8+ TM differentiation.
Outcomes of second allogeneic stem cell transplantation and anti‐relapse strategies in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: A unicentric retrospective analysis
Authors: Shumilov Evgenii , Hasenkamp Justin , Maulhardt Markus , Mazzeo Paolo , Schmidt Nicole , Boyadzhiev Hristo , Jung Wolfram , Ganster Christina , Haase Detlef , Koch Raphael , Wulf Gerald 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSecond allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT2) represents a rescue option for selected patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (r/r) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Still, relapse rates post‐allo‐SCT2 remain high and effective anti‐relapse strategies and predictive biomarkers remain to be defined. We here analyzed a cohort of 41 AML patients (pts) undergoing allo‐SCT2 in our center. Allo‐SCT2 induced a third hematologic complete remission (CR) in 37 pts, at costs of a 36% non‐relapse mortality rate. Furthermore, 19 pts eventually relapsed post allo‐SCT2. Addressing relapse after allo‐SCT2, 14 pts (74%) underwent cell‐based anti‐relapse strategies, including third allogeneic transplantation (allo‐SCT3; 3/14), donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) combined with either 5‐azacytidin and venetoclax (4/14) or chemotherapeutic agents (7/14). Notably, six of seven pts (86%) who received either allo‐SCT3 or a combination therapy of DLIs, 5‐azacytidine and venetoclax achieved CR despite poor cytogenetics post‐allo‐SCT2 (e.g., TP53). Finally, 11 of 41 pts were alive at the last follow‐up (seven CR2, three CR3, one partial remission) resulting in estimated 2‐ and 5‐year overall survival of 35% and 25%, respectively.
The effects of interventions to integrate long‐acting reversible contraception with treatment for incomplete abortion: Results of a 6‐year interrupted time series analysis in hospitals in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar
Authors: Baynes Colin , O’Connell Kathryn A. , Lusiola Grace , Garfinkel Danielle , Kahwa Justin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate an intervention that aimed at strengthening voluntary access to long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) within postabortion care (PAC) in hospitals in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2018, we conducted PAC quality improvement interventions, emphasizing family planning (FP) counseling and voluntary access to LARC. Researchers conducted an interrupted time‐series analysis of service statistics compiled from 2014 to 2020 using segmented linear mixed effects regression models to assess the interventions' effect on postabortion contraceptive uptake.ResultsThe intervention in mainland Tanzania was associated with an immediate 38% increase in postabortion LARC uptake, a trend that declined from late 2016 to mid‐2020 to 34%. In Zanzibar, the intervention was associated with a gradual increase in LARC uptake that peaked in late 2018 at 23% and stabilized at approximately 15% by mid‐2020. Whereas the interventions in mainland facilities did not generate significant changes in postabortion FP uptake overall, the launch of interventions in Zanzibar in mid‐2016 was associated with a precipitous rise in that outcome over time, which plateaued at approximately 54% by 2019.ConclusionIncreased voluntary uptake of postabortion contraception was associated with the introduction of training in PAC, including FP, and quality improvement interventions and gains were sustained over time.
Potential and limitations of convection‐permitting CNRM‐AROME climate modelling in the French Alps
Authors: Monteiro Diego , Caillaud Cécile , Samacoïts Raphaëlle , Lafaysse Matthieu , Morin Samuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConvection‐permitting climate modelling is a promising avenue for climate change research and services especially in mountainous regions. Work is required to evaluate the results of high‐resolution simulations against relevant observations, and put them in a broader context against coarser resolution modelling frameworks. Here we evaluate numerical simulations with the convection‐permitting regional climate model CNRM‐AROME ran at 2.5 km horizontal resolution over a large pan‐Alpine domain in the European Alps, using either the ERA‐Interim or climate model output as boundary conditions. This study analyses annual and seasonal characteristics of 2 m temperature, total precipitation, solid fraction of precipitation and snow depth at the scale of the French Alps under past and future climate conditions. The results are compared with the local reanalysis S2M, and raw or adjusted, with the ADAMONT method, simulations of the regional climate model CNRM‐ALADIN driven either by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis or the CNRM‐CM5 global climate model. The study highlights generally similar differences in past and future climate between the datasets, as well as obstacles to the use of some CNRM‐AROME outputs as they stand. These consist of excessive accumulation of snow on the ground above 1,800 m a.s.l., as well as lower temperature values at same elevations than the S2M reanalysis and the ADAMONT‐adjusted outputs. Besides these obstacles, CNRM‐AROME simulations present several advantages compared to the raw CNRM‐ALADIN outputs. Among them, a significantly smaller cold bias, more realistic values of accumulated precipitations, as well as a better representation of the spatial variability of the different variables investigated, which always stand closer to the reference data than in the CNRM‐ALADIN outputs. As suggested by many studies, CNRM‐AROME could even produce more realistic accumulated precipitations at high elevation than the S2M reanalysis taken as our reference and consequently than the ADAMONT‐adjusted projections, but the lack of a reliable set of high‐resolution observations at high elevation remains an obstacle to their evaluation.
Atmospheric energy change in the Arctic troposphere under Arctic warming
Authors: Kong Linlin , Zou Han , Zhou Libo , Zhu Jinhuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe atmospheric energy is an essential property of atmosphere, mainly composed of internal, potential and latent energies, and could be changed by energy balance processes. The recent Arctic warming and wetting could have direct impacts on the internal and latent energies, and indirect impacts on energy transport and transformation. It is necessary to understand if and how the Arctic atmosphere, described by energy, has been changed under Arctic warming. This study attempts to analyse and discuss the changes of tropospheric energy over the Arctic (north of 66°N) from 1979 to 2018, including the general status, seasonal variation, long‐term trend, interannual variability and extremes. Three latest reanalysis products, ERA5, CFSR and JRA55, are used in this study, with acceptable reliability in validation with radiosonde observations. The reanalysis products exhibit high consistence in energy changes over the Arctic. The main results are obtained as (a) the Arctic troposphere has a total energy of 3.42 × 1022 J, dominated by internal energy; (b) an increase of total energy in the Arctic troposphere is found on annual basis, with a trend of 7.20 ± 5.47 × 1019 J·decade−1, and possibly enhanced in last 20 years, mainly contributed by internal energy; (c) the tropospheric energy over the Arctic had a interannual variability of 1.95 × 1020 J, mainly supported by internal and potential energies, and the extremes of high energies were gradually enhanced. Therefore, the Arctic atmosphere, described by energy, has been changed under Arctic warming, evidenced by significant increases of total energy and its components in the Arctic troposphere on annual basis.
Stabilization activity of a new protein–carbohydrate complex in sesame paste: rheology, microstructure, and particle size analysis
Authors: Saatchi Aida , Kiani Hossein , Labbafi Mohsen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSesame protein concentrate is a by‐product of sesame processing with great nutritional and functional value. In the present study, sesame protein concentrate and a conjugated form of the protein with maltodextrin were applied to improve stability and texture of sesame paste. The rheological properties of samples were studied using dynamic measurement, controlled rate and controlled stress rheological analysis, and creep analysis to investigate the sesame paste structure and to illustrate the mechanism of their stability against oil separation.ResultsSamples containing the conjugate showed good stability, low average droplet size and uniform microstructure. Creep analyses showed as the conjugate was added to sesame paste, μ0 and μ1 values (corresponding dashpot viscosities) were higher than that of G0 and G1 (shear moduli of Maxwell and Kelvin–Voigt springs). Dynamic shear test exhibited increased storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) by the increase in frequency and elastic structure of sesame paste converted to viscose behavior with the contribution of conjugate.ConclusionParticle interaction in sesame protein concentrate (SPC)–maltodextrin conjugate (SMC), may be overcome by steric repulsion force. Furthermore, impression of a weak network structure can be observed. These phenomenon could resolve the phase separation problem of traditional sesame paste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Ukraine crisis: Mental health resources for clinicians and researchers
Authors: Shevlin Mark , Hyland Philip , Karatzias Thanos , Makhashvili Nino , Javakhishvili Jana , Roberts Bayard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mental health consequences of the war in Ukraine will be enormous. Mental health professionals who are providing care for people in Ukraine, or those resettled elsewhere, may require access to standardized and validated assessment tools. We have developed a repository of mental health measures that are available in Ukrainian, Russian, and English and can be accessed at http://www.traumameasuresglobal.com/ukraine.