bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial scale‐dependent dilution effects of biodiversity on plant diseases in grasslands
Authors: Liu Xiang , Xiao Yao , Lin Ziyuan , Wang Xingxing , Hu Kui , Liu Mu , Zhao Yimin , Qi Yanwen , Zhou Shurong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rapid biodiversity losses of the Anthropocene have motivated ecologists to understand how biodiversity affects infectious diseases. Spatial scale is thought to moderate negative biodiversity–disease relationships (i.e., dilution effects) in zoonotic diseases, whereas evidence from plant communities for an effect of scale remains limited, especially at local scales where the mechanisms (e.g., encounter reduction) underlying dilution effects actually work. Here, we tested how spatial scale affects the direction and magnitude of biodiversity–disease relationships. We utilized a 10‐year‐old nitrogen addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, with 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/m2 nitrogen addition treatments. Within the treatment plots, we arranged a total of 216 quadrats (of either 0.125 × 0.125 m, 0.25 × 0.25 m or 0.5 × 0.5 m size) to test how the sample area affects the relationship between plant species richness and foliar fungal disease severity. We found that the dilution effects were stronger in the 0.125 × 0.125 m and 0.25 × 0.25 m quadrats, compared with 0.5 × 0.5 m quadrats. There was a significant interaction between species richness and nitrogen addition in the 0.125 × 0.125 m and 0.25 × 0.25 m quadrats, indicating that a dilution effect was more easily observed under higher levels of nitrogen addition. Based on multigroup structural equation models, we found that even accounting for the direct impact of nitrogen addition (i.e., “nitrogen‐disease hypothesis”), the dilution effect still worked at the 0.125 × 0.125 m scale. Overall, these findings suggest that spatial scale directly determines the occurrence of dilution effects, and can partly explain the observed variation in biodiversity–disease relationships in grasslands. Next‐generation frameworks for predicting infectious diseases under rapid biodiversity loss scenarios need to incorporate spatial information.
Excellent catalytic performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction in topological semimetals
Authors: Wang Lirong , Yang Ying , Wang Jianhua , Liu Wei , Liu Ying , Gong Jialin , Liu Guodong , Wang Xiaotian , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTopological states of matter and their corresponding properties are classical research topics in condensed matter physics. Quite recently, the application of materials that feature these states has been extended to the field of electrochemical catalysis and become an emerging research topic that is receiving increasing interest. In particular, several recent experimental studies performed on topological semimetals have already revealed high catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), strongly promoting acceptance of the fresh concept of the topological catalyst. This emerging concept has experienced rapid developments in the last few years, but these developments have been rarely summarized. Herein, we offer a comprehensive review on the state‐of‐the‐art progress in developing topological catalysts for the HER process through topological semimetals such as Weyl semimetals, Dirac semimetals, nodal line semimetals, and so on. The course of development, the general research routes, and the fundamental mechanisms in topological catalysts are also systematically analyzed in this review.image
Seismic ratcheting of eccentric gravity loaded moment‐resisting frame buildings
Authors: Yeow Trevor Zhiqing , Kusunoki Koichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStructures may predominantly inelastically deform in a single direction during earthquakes and incur greater damage. This behavior is known as seismic ratcheting and can be caused by eccentric gravity loads. Code clauses were introduced in Canada and New Zealand to amplify displacements obtained from static analysis methods to consider seismic ratcheting effects. However, such clauses are based on analyses of reinforced concrete (RC) wall or single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structures, and methods to mitigate seismic ratcheting behavior were not explicitly provided. In this study, parametric analyses of steel and RC moment resisting frame buildings were performed to evaluate the adequacy of code clauses, identify parameters which influence seismic ratcheting behavior, and propose methods to mitigate such behavior. It was found that the New Zealand code underestimated the displacement increase for RC buildings, though it was able to envelope the displacement increase for steel buildings while the Canadian code was conservative. Additionally, the displacement increase was found to be sensitive to the building's post‐yield behavior and ground motion properties. However, assumptions of these properties during design may not be reflective of the actual building and seismic conditions, indicating that a reliable estimate of the increase in displacement is difficult to obtain. Instead, employing mitigation measures to reduce seismic ratcheting effects, such as designing to higher seismic demands, adding a secondary structural system to increase the building's post‐elastic stiffness, or providing more balanced lateral strengths after adjusting for eccentric gravity load effects are better measures to counter seismic ratcheting effects caused by eccentric gravity loads.
An improved affine arithmetic‐based optimization method for district energy systems with uncertainties
Authors: Liu Tianjie , Jiao Wenling , Tian Xinghao , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the process of the district energy system (DES) operation and dispatching, there are various uncertainties brought by the strong coupling of equipment and the fluctuation of internal and external surroundings, and these uncertain parameters are often correlated. In this paper, an improved affine arithmetic‐based method is proposed to solve the economic dispatching problem of DES with correlated uncertainties. First, an optimal dispatching model considering economic and environmental factors is constructed. An affine algorithm is introduced and interval arithmetic is used to improve the problem of interval extension and high‐order noise element. Taking a classical DES system as an example, the optimal dispatching of the system is analyzed using deterministic method, interval method, and proposed method. The application effect of the proposed method under different uncertainties scale and amplitude is also discussed. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the width of target value interval compared with the traditional interval optimization method, which can further contribute to the optimal operation decision.
Numerical study of temperature–pressure coupling model for the horizontal well with a slim hole
Authors: An Jintao , Li Jun , Huang Honglin , Liu Gonghui , Chen Sainan , Zhang Geng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHorizontal wells with a slim hole (HW‐SH), characterized by high productivity, high environmental protection, and low cost are gradually being introduced into oil and gas extraction processes in high‐temperature and high‐pressure formations. However, the HW‐SH annulus is narrow, and the distributions of temperature and pressure in the wellbore are very different from those of conventional horizontal wells. Furthermore, the mud properties change under the influence of high temperature and pressure. In this study, a numerical model of the transient temperature‐pressure coupling field in an HW‐SH wellbore was developed based on high‐temperature and high‐pressure performance tests of mud, combined with the characteristics of a narrow annulus in HW‐SH. Subsequently, the effects of the ground temperature gradient, displacement, drill pipe speed, annulus size, and joint size on the temperature‐pressure coupling field were analyzed. Measured data from the HW‐SH drilled in the Mahu field in China were used to validate the developed model. The results showed that the ground temperature had a significant effect on the mud density and rheological properties. As the temperature increased, the mud density decreased, and its rheological properties improved. Although pressure also has a large effect on density, it has a negligible effect on the rheological properties of the mud. The coupled temperature‐pressure field model for HW‐SH considering the effects of the temperature and narrow annulus can predict the annulus temperature and pressure with an accuracy of up to 97%. The ground temperature gradient has the greatest influence on the HW‐SH annular temperature, larger than that of the displacement. In addition, the annular size, rotation speed of the drill pipe, and joint size have almost no influence on the annular temperature. Compared to those of conventional horizontal wells, the rotational speed, annulus size, and joint size of the HW‐SH have a greater impact on the annulus pressure.
Natural gas‐fueled multigeneration for reducing environmental effects of brine and increasing product diversity: Thermodynamic and economic analyses
Authors: Ehyaei M. A. , Kasaeian M. , Abanades Stéphane , Razmjoo Armin , Afshari Hamed , Rosen Marc A. , Das Biplab 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWater scarcity threatens human life and it is likely to be a main concern in the next century. In this work, a novel multigeneration system (MGS) is introduced and assessed with energy, exergy, and economic analyses. This MGS includes a gas cycle, multieffect distillation, an absorption refrigeration cycle, a heat recovery steam generator, and electrodialysis. Electrodialysis is integrated into this configuration to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride from brine to prevent its release to the environment with harmful impacts. The other products are electricity, cooling, and demineralized water. For the evaluation of the proposed system, one computer code is provided in engineering equation solver software. For physical properties calculation, the library of this software is used. The MGS produces 614.7 GWh of electrical energy, 87.44 GWh of cooling, 12.47 million m3 of demineralized water, and 0.092 and 0.084 billion kg of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride over a year. Energy and exergy evaluations demonstrate that the MGS energy and exergy efficiencies are 31.3% and 18.7%, respectively. The highest and lowest value of exergy destruction rate is associated with the combustion chamber and pump, respectively. The economic evaluation indicates that the net present value of this proposed system is 3.8 billion US$, while the internal rate of return and payback period, respectively, are 0.49 and 2.1 years.
Study on performance and flow loss of reactor coolant pump with different laws of guide vane angle
Authors: Ye Daoxing , Zhai Fengli , Luo Yimin , Wu Jinchen , Chen Junlin , Lai Xide 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo study the influence of different laws of guide vane angle on the performance of reactor coolant pump (RCP), five models of RCP with different guide vane were designed, and the three‐dimensional numerical calculation was carried out. Based on the entropy production theory, analysis of flow loss at part‐load, design, and the over‐load flow rate was investigated. The results show that under the design flow and over‐load flow condition, the head, and efficiency of the DY4 (RCP model of the fourth guide vane variation) model are the highest, and the best efficiency occurs at the design flow rate. Compared with the DY1 (RCP model of the first guide vane variation) model, the efficiency of RCP is increased by 3.68%. At design flow and over‐load flow, the distribution of pressure and velocity streamlines of the DY4 model pump is uniform and stable, the flow loss ratio in the guide vane and volute is the lowest, and the high‐value area is small. Under the condition of part‐load flow rate, the pump head and efficiency of DY5 (RCP model of the fifth guide vane variation) model are the highest, and the highest efficiency appears at 0.8Qd which is 1.69% higher than the best efficiency value of DY4. At the part‐load flow rate, the static pressure values in the guide vane and volute of the DY5 model pump are significantly higher than that of other models. The velocity change in the flow channel is uniform, and the flow loss in the guide vane and volute is the lowest. Compared with the part‐load flow rate condition, the hydraulic performance of the DY5 model pump under design flow rate and over‐load flow condition is lower than that of other models.
Optimal sequential decision rule for cooperative spectrum sensing of CUAVNs
Authors: Wu Jun , Li Pei , Bao Jianrong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) technology is beneficial for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to access the spectrum resources needed for communication. Then, in order to integrate CR technology into UAVs without causing excessive interference to the primary users (PUs), cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is used as a key function of CR technology to detect the PUs for the UAV's available spectrum. However, the flexible locations of UAVs may significantly degrade the performance and efficiency of CSS within them. Hence, on the basis of a cognitive UAV networks (CUAVN) framework, we propose an internal cooperation paradigm to achieve the cooperative gain of CSS within an UAV. Furthermore, we convert the decision rule as an optimal stopping problem to optimize the decision rule for CSS. The optimization problem is carried out by the error probability regarding the PU presence of the phenomenon and the stopping time required to reach a global decision about the PU status. By optimizing the error probability respectively under the condition of a fixed sensing time, the optimization problem is transformed into an optimal stopping problem and solved by Markov stopping theory. Following this, we further determine a pair of thresholds in the optimal sequential decision rule from the minimal cost function. At last, numerical simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the optimal sequential detection rule, and corroborate that in contrast to the external cooperative paradigm, the superiority of the internal cooperative paradigm under various network environments and parameters, in terms of the CSS performance and the stopping time.
An investigation on conjugated linoleic acid content, fatty acid composition, and physicochemical characteristics of Iranian Kurdish butter oil
Authors: Faraji Sarabmirza Rezgar , Joolaei Ahranjani Parham , Rashidi Ladan , Mousavi Mohammad , Khodaiyan Faramarz , Rashidi Nodeh Hamid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, physicochemical and quality properties, fatty acid composition, and triglyceride composition of Iranian Kurdish butter oil (IKBO) obtained from yogurt drink (doogh) butter were investigated. Local doogh butter, prepared from cow's (CIKBO) and ewe's milk (EIKBO), was utilized as the raw material for this purpose. The free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide values of IKBOs of the cow (CIKBO) and ewe (EIKBO) were obtained at 0.41 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.01 (g Oleic acid 100/g oil), and 1.32 ± 0.00 and 1.35 ± 0.00 (meq O2 kg/oil), respectively. The amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs): 70.27 ± 0.62 and 72.13 ± 0.84 (g/100 g), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs): 19.37 ± 0.74 and 20.56 ± 0.97 (g/100 g), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): 1.22 ± 0.12 and 2.75 ± 0.38 (g/100 g) were obtained in CIKBO and EIKBO, respectively. The significant majority of the fatty acids (FAs) in the examined CIKBO and EIKBO were myristic (CIKBO: 13.76 ± 0.02 (g/100 g) and EIKBO: 14.83 ± 0.07 (g/100 g)), palmitic (CIKBO: 33.14 ± 0.28 (g 100/g) and EIKBO: 31.86 ± 0.02 (g/100 g)), stearic (CIKBO: 8.27 ± 0.06 (g/100 g) and EIKBO: 7.95 ± 0.06 (g/100 g)), capric (CIKBO: 4.83 ± 0.03 (g/100 g) and EIKBO: 6.75 ± 0.01 (g/100 g)), and oleic acids (CIKBO: 15.37 ± 0.12 (g/100 g) and EIKBO: 17.83 ± 0.02 (g/100 g)). The average of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in EIKBO (2.20 ± 0.22 (g/100 g)) was higher than that in CIKBO (0.92 ± 0.25 (g/100 g)) (p < .05). Therefore, EKIBO is considered the superior natural supply of CLA.
Evaluation of remotely sensed global evapotranspiration data from inland river basins
Authors: Liu Zhaofei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRemotely sensed (RS) evapotranspiration (ET) data sets have been widely evaluated and applied at regional scale. However, the research is relatively insufficient on inland basins. RS global ET data sets were evaluated in 19 major inland basins around the world in this study. Monthly ET was estimated by using water balance (ET_WB), as well as multi‐source precipitation and total water storage anomaly data sets from each basin. The main attributes of the ET changes were identified in each basin. The accuracy of 10 ET products was evaluated by monthly ET_WB series over the entire study region and at the basin scales. Results showed that precipitation changes were the main cause of ET changes in most basins (i.e., 11/19). The impacts of human activities, mainly because of increased irrigation diversion, dominated the ET changes in the five basins located in the western and northern regions of the Eurasian inland basin. Accurate estimated ET series in inland basins with a regular unimodal or U distribution of mean monthly ET were also obtained; this was not the case for basins with irregular seasonal ET variations. In general, ET products exhibited accurate monthly ET estimates in most inland basins, but their accuracy was reduced at the Helmand River, Iranian inland rivers, Qaidam, and Turpan Basins. All products tended to underestimate ET, except for the Penman–Monteith–Leuning product. Overall, the global land surface satellite and global land evaporation Amsterdam model products performed the best in inland basins, while the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS; MOD16A2) and surface energy balance system (SEBS) products performed relatively poorly. In addition, all products except SEBS and MOD16A2 could capture the spatial ET distribution in inland basins, and the spatial correlation coefficient ranged between 0.83 and 0.93. In general, an ensemble of optimized ET products could improve the accuracy of simulated monthly ET and reduce the uncertainty of the simulated series over the entire study region and at the basin scales.
Threatened species are disproportionately important interactors in a seed dispersal network in Southeast Asia
Authors: Albert‐Daviaud Aurélie , McConkey Kim R. , Jha Nidhi , Fontaine Colin , Kitamura Shumpei , Nathalang Anuttara , Savini Chution , Savini Tommaso , Forget Pierre‐Michel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoutheast Asia is a conservation priority region due to its high biodiversity—including megafauna—and high rates of defaunation, which has negative impacts on key ecological processes such as seed dispersal. Yet, seed dispersal interactions at the community level have rarely been described in this region. This is a major knowledge gap because medium‐size and large animals are disproportionately affected by defaunation and they also have critical roles as seed dispersers. Hence, community‐wide studies that encompass a full range of animal body sizes across diverse regions are required, to enable an improved understanding of defaunation impacts. Here, we (a) describe a highly diverse Southeast Asian seed dispersal network (Khao Yai National Park, Thailand), (b) assess the role of body size in identifying important animals and (c) determine if threatened species are disproportionately important in the network. The network is highly nested and modular, with species phylogeny, body size and seed size having a major influence on modularity; mammals and birds occupied different modules. Generalist species playing important roles in the network were mainly medium or large‐sized. However, the largest disperser (elephants) played a relatively minor role in seed dispersal in this community, and bulbuls were important despite their small size. Many threatened animal species were important within the network as connector species and through their interactions with a larger number of plant species. Consequently, the resilience of this biodiversity hotspot is at threat by the potential nonrandom loss of the most important seed dispersers.
Evaluation of field water balance‐based deficit irrigation strategies for seasonal sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in a semiarid Indian plain
Authors: Dingre S. K. , Gorantiwar S. D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) growth, yield and quality was investigated in field experiments during 2015–2017. The treatments included applying water deficit at three levels (0%, 30% and 60%) during three growth stages (development, mid‐season and end) in order to investigate the impact of a specific water deficit during each growth stage separately. The experiment included 27 treatments replicated twice in a randomized block design. Irrigation scheduling was based on the field soil water balance in the root zone and the water deficit that needed to be provided in the respective treatments. The study found that as the water deficit increased, the growth, yield characteristics and sugarcane yield decreased. Deficit‐free irrigation throughout the season registered maximum cane yield (174 t ha−1). Water deficits of 30% and 60% throughout the season reduced sugarcane yield by 14% and 40.7%, respectively, compared with the condition without water deficit. Based on the statistical comparison of yields, the mid‐season stage was identified as the most sensitive stage, followed by the development and end stages according to DI criteria. A water deficit applied at the end of the season had only a minor impact on yield. Without significant yield loss, an irrigation strategy for deficit conditions of 0% water deficit in the development stage, 30% in mid‐season and 60% at the end stage was found to be sufficient. Sugarcane quality parameters did not change substantially when there was a water deficit.
Increasing the utility of performance audit reports: Using textual analytics tools to improve government reporting
Authors: Duan Huijue Kelly , Hu Hanxin , Yoon Yangin (Ben) , Vasarhelyi Miklos 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis study conducts a pilot test analyzing reports from New York, New Jersey, and California and uses textual analytics to reengineer government performance audit reporting. It advocates a performance audit database that can facilitate easier access and extract relevant information from lengthy reports in a timely manner. The study presents a framework to identify the commonalities and differences in terminologies used by sampled states, evaluates and extracts relevant content from the reports according to Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards requirements, and constructs a taxonomy specific to government performance audits. Furthermore, this study investigates the disclosure quality by examining linguistic and similarity features, such as report length, specificity, readability, comprehensibility, and content similarity. This paper raises attention to a key legislative task that requires reporting reforms.