bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol consumption and lower risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: the impact of accounting for familial factors in twins
Authors: Ystrom Eivind , Degerud Eirik , Tesli Martin , Høye Anne , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Næss Øyvind 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundA moderate to high alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in comparison with low consumption. The mechanisms underlying this association are not clear and have been suggested to be caused by residual confounding. The main objective of this study was to separate the familial and individual risk for CVD mortality and all-cause mortality related to alcohol consumption. This will be done by estimating the risk for CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in twin pairs discordant for alcohol consumption.MethodsAlcohol consumption was assessed at two time points using self-report questionnaires in the Norwegian Twin Registry. Data on CVD mortality was obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Exposure–outcome associations for all-cause mortality and mortality due to other causes than CVD were estimated for comparison.ResultsComing from a family with moderate to high alcohol consumption was protective against cardiovascular death (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.65–0.83). Moderate and high alcohol consumption levels were associated with a slightly increased risk of CVD mortality at the individual level (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.73). There was no association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality both at the familial nor at the individual level.ConclusionsThe protective association of moderate to high alcohol consumption with a lower risk of CVD mortality was accounted for by familial factors in this study of twins. Early life genetic and environmental familial factors may mask an absence of health effect of moderate to high alcohol consumption on cardiovascular mortality.
Longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different employee groups of long distance train services from June 2020 until February 2021 in Germany
Authors: Kim HyoungJin , Schultz-Heienbrok Robert , Uhle Markus , Neubert Jenni , Ball Fabian , Metz Matthes , Gravert Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This prospective longitudinal epidemiological study was aimed at investigating the occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk of long distance train services in Germany. Three different employee groups (train attendants, train drivers and maintenance workers) within the workforce of the German railway carrier Deutsche Bahn Fernverkehr AG were studied based on their contact frequency with passengers and colleagues. Approximately 1100 employees were tested by PCR for acute infections and by antibody detection for past infections in June 2020, October 2020 and February 2021. Cumulative incidence (acute and past infections) after the third (final) test series in February 2021 was 8.5% (95% interval CI 6.8–10.4): 8.5% (95% CI 6.2–11.2) for train attendants, 5.5% (95% CI 2.9–9.5) for train drivers and 11.8% (95% CI 7.6–17.2) for maintenance workers. Between June 2020 and October 2020, the incidence was 1.2% (95% CI 0.6–2.3): 1.2% (95% CI 0.4–2.7) for train attendants, 1.1% (95% CI 0.1–3.9) for train drivers and 1.4% (95% CI 0.17–5.10) for maintenance workers. Between October 2020 and February 2021, it was 5.1% (95% CI 3.6–6.8): 5.2% (95% CI 3.3–7.8) for train attendants, 1.6% (95% CI 0.3–4.5) for train drivers and 8.8% (95% CI 4.9–14.3) for maintenance workers. Thus, contrary to expectation our exploratory data did not show train attendants to be at the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections among the employee groups. In line with expectations, train drivers, representing the low contact group, seemed at lowest occupational risk.
Developmental pathways from preschool temper tantrums to later psychopathology
Authors: Hoyniak Caroline P. , Donohue Meghan R. , Quiñones-Camacho Laura E. , Vogel Alecia C. , Perino Michael T. , Hennefield Laura , Tillman Rebecca , Barch Deanna M. , Luby Joan L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTemper tantrums are sudden, overt negative emotional displays that are disproportionate to the eliciting event. Research supports that severe temper tantrums during the preschool period are associated with preschool psychopathology, but few studies have identified which characteristics of preschool tantrums are predictive of distal psychopathological outcomes in later childhood and adolescence. To examine this question, we used a prospective, longitudinal dataset enriched for early psychopathology. Participants (N = 299) included 3-to 6-year-old children (47.8% female) assessed for tantrums and early childhood psychopathology using diagnostic interviews and then continually assessed using diagnostic interviews over 10 subsequent time points throughout childhood and adolescence. We identified two unique groupings of tantrum behaviors: aggression towards others/objects (e.g., hitting others) and aggression towards self (e.g., hitting self). While both types of tantrum behaviors were associated with early childhood psychopathology severity, tantrum behaviors characterized by aggression towards self were more predictive of later psychopathology. Children displaying high levels of both types of tantrum behaviors had more severe externalizing problems during early childhood and more severe depression and oppositional defiant disorder across childhood and adolescence. Findings suggest that tantrum behaviors characterized by aggression towards self are particularly predictive of later psychopathology.
Heterogeneous trajectories of suicidal ideation among homeless youth: predictors and suicide-related outcomes
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Jing , Walsh Laura , Slesnick Natasha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study examined heterogeneous trajectories of suicidal ideation among homeless youth experiencing suicidal ideation over 9 months in a randomized controlled intervention study. Suicidal homeless youth (N= 150) were randomly assigned to Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Prevention (CTSP) + Treatment as Usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Youth reported their suicidal ideation four times during a 9-month period. We also assessed pretreatment mental health, demographic information and session attendance as predictors of the subgroups, as well as suicide-related factors as outcomes at the 9-month follow-up. Growth mixture models suggested three distinct trajectory groups among youth: Fast Declining (74.7%), Chronic (19.3%), and Steadily Declining (6.0%). Youth in the Chronic group used more substances at baseline than the Steadily Declining group, were more likely to be White, non-Hispanic than the Fast Declining group, and attended more CTSP sessions than other groups. Contrastingly, youth in the Steadily Declining group all experienced childhood abuse. Finally, youth in the Chronic group showed significant higher risk for future suicide compared to those in the Fast Declining group at 9 months. Findings support the heterogeneity of treatment responses in suicide intervention among homeless youth, with implications to improve treatment efforts in this very high-risk population.
On Laws of Politics and How to Establish Them
Authors: Weber Erik 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTAlfred Cuzán proposed five “laws of politics” that allegedly govern elections in democracies. Drawing from insights in the general philosophy of science and the philosophy of the social sciences, I argue that—although his empirical evidence is impressive—he failed to develop a convincing argument for calling the five theses “laws.” This article discusses other examples that often are claimed to be “laws of politics” and describes the global picture supporting this analysis.
Air‐Sea Interactions and Water Mass Transformation During a Katabatic Storm in the Irminger Sea
Authors: Gutjahr O. , Jungclaus J. H. , Brüggemann N. , Haak H. , Marotzke J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe use a global 5‐km resolution model to analyze the air‐sea interactions during a katabatic storm in the Irminger Sea originating from the Ammassalik valleys. Katabatic storms have not yet been resolved in global climate models, raising the question of whether and how they modify water masses in the Irminger Sea. Our results show that dense water forms along the boundary current and on the shelf during the katabatic storm due to the heat loss caused by the high wind speeds and the strong temperature contrast. The dense water contributes to the lightest upper North Atlantic Deep Water as upper Irminger Sea Intermediate Water and thus to the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The katabatic storm triggers a polar low, which in turn amplifies the near‐surface wind speed due to the superimposed pressure gradient, in addition to acceleration from a breaking mountain wave. Overall, katabatic storms account for up to 25% of the total heat loss (20 January 2020 to 30 September 2021) over the Irminger shelf of the Ammassalik area. Resolving katabatic storms in global models is therefore important for the formation of dense water in the western boundary current of the Irminger Sea, which is relevant to the AMOC, and for the large‐scale atmospheric circulation by triggering polar lows.
Investigation of Wave Height Distributions and Characteristic Wave Periods in Coastal Environments
Authors: James Jemerson P. , Panchang Vijay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe short‐term statistics of wave conditions in coastal waters around the United Kingdom have been investigated using over 40,000 half‐hour long sea state records with significant wave height greater than 3 m. The extensive data set facilitates an assessment of various wave height and period distribution models in shallow and intermediate waters. The results reveal that the relative wave height Hs/D (where Hs is the significant wave height and D the water depth) can serve as a key indicator in choosing the distribution with least error in a given sea state. The Naess model is found to be the most accurate in describing the tail of the wave height distribution in a sea state for low relative wave heights (Hs/D < 0.2), and the depth‐dependent van Vledder model for high relative heights (Hs/D > 0.4). In between these sea states, a transition in the performance of the deep‐water and the depth‐dependent models is visible. When details of the spectrum are not available, the Weibull distribution is the most accurate amongst applicable models, in spite of considerable variability in its parameter values. While the spectral bandwidth appears to have minimal impact on the distribution of wave heights in a sea state, it does appear to influence the relationship between characteristic wave periods. Based on measurements, these are found to deviate from empirical relationships proposed, for example, by the US Army Coastal Engineering Manual. Improved formulas that incorporate the spectral width are therefore proposed.
Tracking the Space‐Time Evolution of Ocean Acidification Extremes in the California Current System and Northeast Pacific
Authors: Desmet Flora , Gruber Nicolas , Köhn Eike E. , Münnich Matthias , Vogt Meike 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOcean acidification is punctuated by episodic extremes of low pH and saturation state with regard to aragonite (ΩA). Here, we use a hindcast simulation from 1984 to 2019 with a high‐resolution regional ocean model (ROMS‐BEC) to identify and track ocean acidification extremes (OAX) in the northeast Pacific and the California current system (CCS). In the first step, we identify all grid‐cells whose pH and ΩA are simultaneously below their first percentile over the analysis period (1984–2019). In the second step, we aggregate all neighboring cells with extreme conditions into three‐dimensional time evolving events, permitting us to track them in a Lagrangian manner over their lifetime. We detect more than 22 thousand events that occur at least once in the upper 100 m during their lifetime, with broad distributions in terms of size, duration, volume, and intensity, and with 26% of them harboring corrosive conditions (ΩA < 1). By clustering the OAXs, we find three types of extremes in the CCS. Near the coast, intense, shallow, and short‐lasting OAXs dominate, caused by strong upwelling. A second type consists of large and long‐lasting OAX events that are associated with westward propagating cyclonic eddies. They account for only 3% of all extremes, but are the most severe events. The third type is small extremes at depth arising from pycnocline heave. OAXs potentially have deleterious effects on marine life. Marine calcifiers, such as pteropods, might be especially impacted by the long‐lasting events with corrosive conditions.
Rapid Characterization of Large Volcanic Eruptions: Measuring the Impulse of the Hunga Tonga Ha’apai Explosion From Teleseismic Waves
Authors: Poli Piero , Shapiro Nikolai M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost of the largest volcanic activity in the world occurs in remote places such as deep oceans or poorly monitored oceanic island arcs. Thus, our capacity of monitoring volcanoes is limited to remote sensing and global geophysical observations. However, the rapid estimation of volcanic eruption parameters is needed for scientific understanding of the eruptive process and rapid hazard estimation. We present a method to rapidly identify large volcanic explosions, based on analysis of seismic data. With this methodology, we promptly detect the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga Ha’apai eruption. We then analyze the seismic waves generated by the volcanic explosion and estimate its important first‐order parameters. We further relate the parameters with the volcanic explosivity index (VEI). Our estimate of VEI ∼ 6 indicates that how the Hunga Tonga eruption is among the largest volcanic activity ever recorded with modern geophysical instrumentation and can provide new insights into the physics of large eruptions.
How a faecal immunochemical test screening programme changes annual colorectal cancer incidence rates: an Italian intention-to-screen study
Authors: Bucchi Lauro , Mancini Silvia , Baldacchini Flavia , Ravaioli Alessandra , Giuliani Orietta , Vattiato Rosa , Zamagni Federica , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Campari Cinzia , Canuti Debora , Di Felice Enza , Sassoli de Bianchi Priscilla , Ferretti Stefano , Bertozzi Nicoletta , Biggeri Annibale , Falcini Fabio ,   the Emilia-Romagna Region Workgroup for Colorectal Screening Evaluation, Di Felice Enza , Finarelli Alba Carola , Landi Patrizia , Naldoni Carlo , Sassoli de Bianchi Priscilla , Colamartini Americo , Borciani Elisabetta , Fornari Fabio , Gatti Giorgio , Pennini Francesca , Seghini Pietro , Dalla Fiora Cristian , Fattibene Claudio , Maradini Fabio , Michiara Maria , Orsi Paolo , Zurlini Corrado , Mangone Lucia , Paterlini Luisa , Sassatelli Romano , Carrozzi Giuliano , Corradini Rossella , Rossi Federica , Trande Paolo , Viani Simona , Bazzani Carmen , Bazzoli Franco , Cennamo Vincenzo , Giansante Chiara , Gualandi Giovanna , Manfredi Marilena , Mezzetti Francesca , Pasquini Adriana , Caprara Licia , De Lillo Margherita , Nannini Roberto , Carpanelli Maria Cristina , De Togni Aldo , Matarese Vincenzo , Palmonari Caterina , Pasquali Daniela , Zoli Giorgio , Dal Re Serena , Petrini Chiara , Serafini Monica , Vitali Benedetta , Gallinucci Mara , Imolesi Claudia , Palazzi Mauro , Ricci Enrico , Severi Mirna , Casale Coralba , Giovanardi Mauro , Trombetti Daniele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a biennial faecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening programme in reducing annual colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in its dynamic target population.MethodsThe target population included over 1,000,000 persons aged 50–69 living in a region of northern Italy. The average annual response rate to invitation was 51.4%. Each observed annual age-standardised (Europe) rate per 100,000 persons between 2005, the year of introduction of the programme, and 2016 was compared with each expected annual rate as estimated with age-period-cohort (men) and age-period (women) models.ResultsFor both sexes, the rates observed in 1997–2004 and those expected in 2005–2016 were stable. Observed rates increased in 2005, peaked in 2006 (the first full year of screening), dropped significantly below the expected level in 2009, and continued to decrease until 2013 (the eighth full year), after which no further significant changes occurred. In the pooled years 2013–2016, the observed incidence rate per 100,000 persons was 102.2 [95% CI: 97.4, 107.1] for men, 75.6 [95% CI: 71.6, 79.7] for women and 88.4 [95% CI: 85.3, 91.5] for both sexes combined, with an observed:expected incidence rate ratio of 0.68 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.71], 0.79 [95% CI: 0.76, 0.82] and 0.72 [95% CI: 0.66, 0.81], respectively.DiscussionThe study provided multiple consistent proofs of a causal relationship between the introduction of screening and a stable 28% decrease in annual CRC incidence after eight years.
Exosomal miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p promote CXCL12/CXCR7-induced metastasis of colorectal cancer by crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Xiaohui , Song Yujia , Si Mahan , Sun Yuqi , Liu Xiaohui , Cui Shuxiang , Qu Xianjun , Yu Xinfeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractC-X-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is a newly discovered atypical chemokine receptor that binds to C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) with higher affinity than CXCR4 and is associated with the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been known to promote tumor progression. However, whether CAFs are involved in CXCR7-mediated metastasis of CRC remains elusive. We found a significant positive correlation between CXCR7 expression and CAF activation markers in colonic tissues from clinical specimens and in villin-CXCR7 transgenic mice. RNA sequencing revealed a coordinated increase in the levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p in CXCR7-overexpressing CRC cells and their exosomes. Importantly, these CRC cell-derived miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p could be uptaken by CAFs via exosomes and promote the activation of CAFs through JAK2–STAT3/NF-κB signaling by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 2 (ZBTB2). Reciprocally, activated CAFs further potently enhanced the invasive capacity of CRC cells. Mechanistically, CAFs transfected with miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p exhibited a robust increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and CXCL12, which trigger the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and pro-metastatic switch of CRC cells. More importantly, the activation of CAFs by miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p facilitated tumor formation and lung metastasis of CRC in vivo using tumor xenograft models. Our work provides novel insights into CXCR7-mediated CRC metastasis from tumor–stroma interaction and serum exosomal miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for inhibiting CRC metastasis.
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase inhibition reverses immune, synaptic and cognitive impairments in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Hamilton Laura K. , Moquin-Beaudry Gaël , Mangahas Chenicka L. , Pratesi Federico , Aubin Myriam , Aumont Anne , Joppé Sandra E. , Légiot Alexandre , Vachon Annick , Plourde Mélanie , Mounier Catherine , Tétreault Martine , Fernandes Karl J. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe defining features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include alterations in protein aggregation, immunity, lipid metabolism, synapses, and learning and memory. Of these, lipid abnormalities are the least understood. Here, we investigate the role of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a crucial regulator of fatty acid desaturation, in AD pathogenesis. We show that inhibiting brain SCD activity for 1-month in the 3xTg mouse model of AD alters core AD-related transcriptomic pathways in the hippocampus, and that it concomitantly restores essential components of hippocampal function, including dendritic spines and structure, immediate-early gene expression, and learning and memory itself. Moreover, SCD inhibition dampens activation of microglia, key mediators of spine loss during AD and the main immune cells of the brain. These data reveal that brain fatty acid metabolism links AD genes to downstream immune, synaptic, and functional impairments, identifying SCD as a potential target for AD treatment.
Clinical-pathologic characteristics and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative low Ki-67 proliferation (TNLP) breast cancers
Authors: Srivastava Pooja , Wang Tiannan , Clark Beth Z. , Yu Jing , Fine Jeffrey L. , Villatoro Tatiana M. , Carter Gloria J. , Brufsky Adam M. , Gorantla Vikram C. , Huggins-Puhalla Shannon L. , Emens Leisha A. , Basili Thais , da Silva Edaise M. , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) often have a high Ki-67 proliferation index and respond favorably to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with pathologic complete response (pCR) resulting in ~40% of cases. Nevertheless, morbidity/mortality remain high, mostly due to recurrence in patients with residual disease. In contrast, the incidence and clinical features of TNBC with low proliferation (TNLP), defined as TNBC with a Ki-67 index of ≤30% remains unknown. We report 70 cases of TNLP identified at our center from 2008 to 2018, including 18 treated with NACT. TNLP tumors represent <1% of all breast cancers, and ~5–10% of TNBCs. Ninety percent of carcinomas were grade I/II and 70% were either pure apocrine or showed apocrine differentiation. Fifty cases had available immunohistochemistry results; 80%, 84%, 22%, and 20% were positive for AR, INPP4B, nestin, and SOX10, respectively. With a median follow-up of 72 months, 14% experienced recurrence, and 11% died of breast cancer. The tumor stage was prognostic. Among 39 stage-I patients, 18 (46%) received chemotherapy, but this did not impact survival. There was a trend for improved recurrence-free survival with chemotherapy in stage-II patients. Of the 18 patients treated with NACT, 2 (11%) showed pCR; these were notable for either high stromal TILs or a high mitotic count despite a low Ki-67 index. TNLPs are enriched in low to intermediate-grade carcinomas with apocrine features. Due to overall good prognosis of stage-I TNLP and the lack of clear benefit of chemotherapy, de-escalation of chemotherapy may be considered in select patients with stage-I TNLP.
Granular cooling of ellipsoidal particles in microgravity
Authors: Pitikaris Sebastian , Bartz Patricia , Yu Peidong , Cristoforetti Samantha , Sperl Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA three-dimensional granular gas of ellipsoids is established by exposing the system to the microgravity environment of the International Space Station. We use two methods to measure the dynamics of the constituent particles and report the long-time development of the granular temperature until no further particle movement is detectable. The resulting cooling behavior can be well described by Haff’s cooling law with time scale τ. Different analysis methods show evidence of particle clustering towards the end of the experiment. By using the kinetic theory for ellipsoids we compare the translational energy dissipation of individual collision events with the overall cooling time scale τ. The difference from this comparison indicates how energy is distributed in different degrees of freedom including both translation and rotation during the cooling.