bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Utilization of Waste Glycerol from Biodiesel Production for the Synthesis of Perimidines
Authors: Siqueira Cássio , Dos Santos Talles Juan Cogo , Theisen Rafael , Saba Sumbal , Rafique Jamal , Gallina André Lazarin , Botteselle Giancarlo V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
The production and consumption of biodiesel in Brazil and worldwide have considerably
increased in the last decades. As a consequence, the waste glycerol (glycerin) as a byproduct from this
synthetic process has also increased since approximately 10-30% of glycerol is generated in the biodiesel
synthesis process. Therefore, the reuse of glycerol after the biodiesel synthesis is highly desired.
However, waste glycerol purification is still a costly process. In this context, herein, we propose a
synthetic alternative for the use of waste glycerol as a solvent and promoting medium for condensation
reactions of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and different aldehydes. The reactions were carried out using
the waste glycerol without prior purification at room temperature for 30 min, affording the synthesis
of a series of perimidines in excellent yields. Furthermore, a comparative study was performed
between the use of commercial glycerol or waste glycerol in the reactions, and the results showed that
the waste glycerol is more efficient considering the product yields. The use of waste glycerol as a
green solvent and a promotion medium for organic processes is a robust, sustainable, and economically
viable option for the application of this undesired byproduct of biodiesel synthesis.
Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects of Extracts from the Leaves of Casimiroa edulis La Llave (Rutaceae) by NO Release and Calcium Channel
Blockade
Authors: Pérez-Barrón Gabriela , Estrada-Soto Samuel , Villalobos-Molina Rafael , Arias-Durán Luis , Escalante-García Jaime , Perea-Arango Irene , Hernández-Pando Rogelio 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Casimiroa edulis La Llave (Rutaceae), commonly known as “zapote
blanco”, is a tree widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of Mexico. The decoction
of its leaves is traditionally used as a natural remedy to treat hypertension and anxiety.

Objective:
The present study aimed to determine the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of
C. edulis extracts and evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of one of the most active extracts.

Methods:
The hydro-alcohol and organic (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol) extracts, obtained
from the leaves of C. edulis, were evaluated on isolated aorta rat rings in the presence and
absence of endothelium to determine their vasorelaxant effect. Then, most active extracts were
studied to evaluate the functional mechanism of their vasorelaxant action and antihypertensive
effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The acute and sub-acute toxicity of dichloromethane
extract was evaluated following the OECD 423 and 407 protocols.

method:
Isolated aorta rat rings pre-contracted with noradrenaline were used to determine the vasorelaxant effects and mode of action of test samples
were used. The antihypertensive of Dichloromethanic extract was determined by non-invasive model on SHR rats and the acute and sub-acute toxicity of
dichloromethane extract was evaluated following the OECD 423 and 407 protocols.

Results:
The hexane (HE) and dichloromethane (DE) extracts from Casimiroa edulis induced
significant vasorelaxant action on isolated rat aortic rings with (Emax 104.7 ± 1.4% and Emax
97.3 ± 6.7%, respectively) and without (Emax 94.9 ± 3.5% and Emax 67.4 ± 1.0%, respectively)
endothelium, and this effect was partially endothelium-dependent. Their vasorelaxant action was
modified by L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor);
however, indomethacin did not modify the effect. Also, both HE and DE significantly
decreased the contraction induced by KCl in a concentration-dependent manner and the maximal
effect induced by CaCl2. Moreover, DE showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic
blood pressure in SHR at 7 hours and 15 days after treatment, respectively. Finally, the toxicity
test of DE allowed classifying it in category 5, indicating it to be a non-toxic extract based on
OECD guideline 423; the LD50 value was estimated to be greater than 2,000 mg/Kg and smaller
than 5,000 mg/Kg in Wistar rats.

Conclusion:
The results demonstrated hexane and dichloromethane extracts to exert a vasorelaxant
effect through endothelium-dependent NO release and cGMP increase, as well as by
calcium channel blockade. Also, dichloromethane extract showed efficacy and security as
a potential antihypertensive agent.
Dilemma on Pancreatic Uncinate Process Uptake on Ga68-DOTATE PET/CT in Pediatric Neuroblastoma: Physiologic or Metastases?
Authors: Gülaldi Nedim C.M. , Gülleroglu Nadide Basak , Cakmakci Selma , Görtan Fatma Arzu , Sari Neriman 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
The Ga68-DOTATATE PET/CT scan is an alternative imaging modality
for the follow-up of children with neuroblastoma when the I123-MIBG scan was negative or
weak. Somatostatin receptors (SSR) can be expressed in neuroblastoma lesions, and when this
happens, targeting these receptors may be a good alternative to treating this disease in addition
to conventional treatments. Our aim is to focus on the interpretation of one of the physiological
tracer uptake sites, the uncinate process of the pancreas, using DW-MRI scans.

Methods:
We present and discuss 4 cases with neuroblastoma for a technical note. Imaging
scans for SSR were performed using Ga68-DOTATE PET/CT, and all showed varying degrees
of increased uptake at the uncinate process of the pancreas on PET/CT images. We also performed
a DW-MRI study to distinguish physiologic uptake in this region of the pancreas from
metastatic involvement.

Results:
Two of them showed diffusion restriction, with one of them also showing multiple
masses within the liver. The other 2 children with high pancreatic uncinate process uptake did
not exhibit any findings that indicated pancreatic involvement in the disease, based on DW-MRI
images and clinical findings.

Conclusion:
We recommend comparing DW-MRI scans and SSR-PET/CT scans to determine
the true state of physiologically elevated SSR concentration and consequently indicate increased
uptake on the images. The radiotracer concentration at the high uptake site did not appear to
correlate with malignant involvement of the organ. The higher number of patients may allow a
statistical comparison of the tracer with malignancy status.
Inferential questions in English textbook: A case study
Authors: Simanullang Lestari Tasya Lidya , Ashari Erwin , Sinaga Juwita Boneka , Edi Warno 
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on inference analysis in English textbooks used by Indonesia students. This study aims to discover and describe the inference patterns found in textbooks. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data sources come from English books, such as English For Nusantara and Bright: An English Course. Ten data are used in the book, five labeled as Code A from English For Nusantara and five labeled as Code B from Bright An English. The data were analyzed interpretatively through inference-type theory. The analysis includes ten types of inferences: cohesive inference, coherence inference, general knowledge-based inference, elaborative inference, causal inference, semantically congruent inference, local inference, semantically incongruent inference, logical inference, and online inference in the question. In addition, these types of inference have differences in their interpretation. This category is used to analyze the inferential questions in the book. Both books use these differences to attract readers' interest so that they are curious about the book. With the differences in inferential questions in books, you should use many book sources in the learning process so that more inferential questions are mastered or taught.
Topical Formulation of Herbal Nanocosmetics for Anti-Aging
Authors: Husni Patihul , Eryani Mikhania Christiningtyas 
Published: February 2025

Skin aging is a biological process that involves a decline in skin function. Regarding prevention and inhibition of skin aging, use of cosmetic products is an option to avoid skin aging because it can improve texture and function of skin. Recently, development of a topical formulation of herbal nanocosmetics for anti-aging has grown increasingly popular. This review is aimed to summarize and describe topical formulation of herbal nanocosmetics for anti-aging application. In addition, this review also shows several studies performed by researchers in development of topical formulation of herbal nanocosmetics for anti-aging. The data were collected from published journals in the range of 2011-2023. Study result showed that nanoemulsion, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), niosomes, liposomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes are nanotechnology methods used to prepare herbal nanocosmetics for anti-aging in the cream or gel dosage form. In conclusion, herbal nanocosmetics combine the benefits of herbal extracts with nanotechnology which can be used to enhance the effectiveness of natural ingredients for anti-aging effect. Keywords: topical, herbal, nanocosmetics, anti-aging
Antioxidant Potential of Usnea spp. Extract with Lysozyme Conjugation for the Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Junior Darren , Dewi Luh Putu Widya Amritha , Indratmo Novea , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek 
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease worldwide has been reported to increase every year with hypertension serving as the leading cause. The recommended treatment for chronic kidney disease patients with a history of hypertension is antihypertensive medications, which could cause side effects from prolonged use. Hence, the authors sought out a possible novel modality by implementing antioxidant properties from beard lichen (Usnea spp.) extract. Literature search was conducted on trusted scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and Cochrane. The pathophysiology of hypertension in the progression of chronic kidney disease could mainly be attributed to the presence of inflammation and oxidative stress, which could be attenuated by the use of antioxidants. Lichens are a class of complex living organisms resulting from a symbiosis that allows them to synthesize various beneficial phytochemicals. Usnic and stictic acid derived from Usnea spp. are part of phenolic compounds that display strong antioxidant activities. In order for these antioxidants to have a focused effect on the kidneys, a kidney-targeted drug delivery system should be considered with lysozyme conjugation being the most studied method. The combination of Usnea spp. extract’s antioxidant capabilities with lysozyme conjugation could serve as a potential novel modality in the specific prevention of chronic kidney disease progression. Keywords: antioxidant; chronic kidney disease; lysozyme conjugation; Usnea spp.
A Comparative Study on The Therapeutic Effect of pH, Temperature Triggered, and Ion Activated In Situ Gelling System For Ocular Delivery
Authors: Kurniawansyah Insan Sunan , Farisa Desy Arya Insi , Budiman Arif , Zubaidah And 
Published: February 2025

One of the most popular pharmaceutical preparations for the eyes today is in situ gel. The in situ gel system is a system that is liquid at room temperature but will form a gel when it comes into contact with the body or undergoes a change in pH. The form of the drug delivery system is in-situ is a type of mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Gel formation depends on several factors such as temperature modulation, pH changes, the presence of ions, ultra-violet irradiation, electrical sensitivity, and the enzyme by which the active substance is released. The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic efficacy of in situ gel medicines on pH, temperature triggered, and ion activated gelling systems. A drug in situ gel is a drug delivery device that transforms into a gel after being applied to the body. The findings revealed that the pH, temperature triggered, and ion activated gelling system factors had a substantial influence on the extended release medicines that affect the therapeutic effect of in situ gel medications. This comparative investigation demonstrates that the pH, temperature triggered, and ion activated gelling system factors have significant implications on the therapeutic benefits of in situ gelled medicines. A deeper knowledge of the relationships between these variables and in situ gel drug delivery methods can lead to the development of more effective and dependable medication compositions. These findings could aid in the development of improved gel in situ drug delivery systems to improve therapeutic benefits in the treatment of a variety of medical disorders. Keywords: in situ gel, pH triggered, temperature triggered, ion activated, therapeutic effect.
Drainage Density Mapping Using ArcGIS in the Liwiec Watershed
Authors: Stoica Paula , Giurma Ion , Zaborilă Anca , Giurma-Handley Catrinel-Raluca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, GIS methods have been successfully applied to determine watershed characteristics and shape. Drainage density, the total length of streams per unit area, impacts surface hydrology and reflects climatic effects on terrain. It is associated with hydrologic processes like infiltration, soil saturation, and runoff. This paper aims to enhance processing time and accuracy in determining drainage density using GIS. By applying various GIS functions, a grid network from a digital elevation model is converted to a vector file, revealing the drainage density of the Liwiec watershed. Higher drainage density correlates with lower infiltration rates and higher surface flow velocity, often indicating more sediment transport, higher flood peaks, steep slopes, and low agricultural potential. The study’s findings support future management planning in the area.
The Effects of Architectural-Structural Non-Conformance of the Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings in the Preliminary Seismic Design Stage (State of the Art)
Authors: Sococol Ion , Mihai Petru , Petrescu Tudor-Cristian , Luca Bogdan-Ionel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frame structures are one of the main Seismic-Resistant (SR) structural systems used by structural engineers. In these conditions, the current research study highlights the importance architectural-structural conformation of Moment-Resisting (MR) RC Frame structures in preliminary seismic design stage, so that in the current practice often results MR RC Frame buildings with increased sensitivity to earthquake. Thus, the seismic response of this structural system type required to real earthquakes was studied in parallel with seismic design specifications for RC structures, developed in P100-1 and EC 8 seismic norms. The observations regarding the effects of the inadequate architectural-structural conformation of the MR RC Frame structures overlapped with examples of real structures executed in the Iasi area (Romania). Thus, it was concluded that non-compliance with the conditions of architectural-structural conformation of MR RC Frame systems leads to seismic design of the building for lower values of seismic action and non-existent high ductility of the structure. In these conditions, the lateral structure develops a non-ductile seismic response with local and global collapse mechanisms (general torsion; weak floor/ground floor).
Self Compacting Concrete with Brick Dust
Authors: Panaite Vlad , Bărbuţă Marinela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Because of the high amount of concrete used everywhere in the world, and the big necessity of aggregates and cement the science community has to come with a solution for this problem. The article presents a study of self compacting concrete using recycled aggregates, in this case brick dust, for satisfaction of mechanical properties. Self compacting concrete seems to be the best solution to stop pollution when we talk about concrete because it doesn’t need compacting technologies and offers the opportunity to add to it in limited dosage recycled aggregates or fly ash as substitution of a small portion of cement. The study presents a number of 18 recipes who are using brick dust divided in three categories according to the dimensions of particles such as: 0-4mm; 4-8mm; 8-16mm. The brick dust is replacing the same category of aggregate in three separate percentages: 10%, 20% and 30%. The replacement of cement with fly ash has also been done for the 18 recipes in two percentages: 5% and 10% and the results for fresh state and mechanical properties and density is discussed.
Copper(II) Removal from Wastewater Using Pine Cone Derived Activated Carbon
Authors: Chyad Tasnim Fahim , Al-Saedi Rasha , Hammood Zaman Ageel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inappropriate disposal of wastewater including heavy metals may lead to serious public health problems. Among conventional wastewater treatment methods, adsorption is the preferred treatment technique, due to its advantages such as cheapness, simplicity, and flexibility in design and operation. In recent years, there has been an urgent need toward the production of low-cost alternatives to the commercial activated carbon which has a greater adsorption capacity with high porous and large surface area. In this experiment, activated carbon that derived from pine cone (PCAC) has been investigated as a new adsorbent to remove copper(II) ion from wastewater. The adsorption process of copper(II) ion from aqueous solution was carried out in a batch mode to study the effects of adsorbent dose (0.5 g/50 mL - 2 g/50 mL), initial pH (2-8), and initial concentrations (5 mg/L - 20 mg/L). The results indicated that activated carbon obtained from pine cone was an efficient adsorbent for the copper removal from the aqueous solution. Removal of copper ion from aqueous solution was dependent on the adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial Cu concentration, achieving maximum adsorption efficiency (99 %) at 2 g/50 mL, 6, and 20 mg/L, respectively.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Visual Communication of Green Urban Rural Integration Landscape Design
Authors: Li Lili , Chung Wonjun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy and the acceleration of urbanisation, urban construction, and rural construction have achieved a positive interaction, and the landscape development resources and development needs of urban and rural areas have also been constantly gathered and integrated, and gradually formed a unique urban-rural integration landscape style. However, the inherent contradictions in urban and rural development are still difficult to alleviate fully and have caused serious obstacles to the visual transmission of urban-rural integration landscape style. There are differences in culture, economy, and lifestyle between urban and rural areas, and the current landscape design approach finds it difficult to find an effective balance between preserving and promoting traditional rural culture and meeting the living needs of modern urbanites. To solve this problem and improve the visual communication effect of urban-rural integration landscape style, based on the analysis of the definition, constituent elements, and visual communication requirements of urban-rural integration landscape style, combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, this paper has conducted in-depth research on the visual communication of reuse design and green environment-friendly urban-rural integration landscape style. The experiments were carried out from three dimensions: feature extraction, visual communication effect, and environmental and economic benefit coefficient. The results showed that in terms of visual communication effectiveness, compared to traditional models, AI-based integrated urban and rural landscape visual communication had an average score of 0.77 and 0.70 points higher in terms of aesthetics and harmony, respectively. From the specific numerical results, it can be seen that the method in this paper can effectively improve the visual communication effect of reuse design and green environmental protection urban and rural integration landscape style, and promote the healthy development of urban integration landscape.
Study of Socialisation in an Online Teacher Training Course Designed with the Five-Stage Model
Authors: Kokolaki Georgia , Panselinas Giorgos , Papadimitriou Sofia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ‘e-mediating’ or otherwise ‘five-stage’ instructional design model for e-learning focusses on the construction of knowledge through the gradual development of socialisation. The study in hand aimed to capture the socialisation as it develops in an asynchronous teacher training course in Digital Literacy, designed and implemented with the five-stage model. Specifically, the study investigated not only the development or lack thereof socialisation but in which tool (where), at which stage (when), and with which messages/posts (how) it occurred, thus trying to investigate what helps and what hinders its development in such a context. Data were collected by using the message analysis technique used by Jones & Peachey (2005) in a similar study. The results showed implications on the role of the trainer, on the importance of the social organisation and design of the e-tivities, and finally on the role of the digital tools used.
Insights about social identities from health professional students in interprofessional experiential learning: A qualitative approach / Soziale Identitäten von Studierenden der Gesundheitsberufe im interprofessionellen Erfahrungslernen: Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Anderson Olivia S. , Edwards Hannah , Mattison Debra , Smith Laura J. , Eze Chinwe E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Interprofessional education (IPE) provides students with opportunities to consider the impact of effective collaboration on patient outcomes. Socializing beyond one’s own profession in an interprofessional team challenges the social identity theory that postulates favoring those within the same group, or, in this case, the same health profession. The social identities that learners form before entering a degree program may impact team socialization. We describe how students considered their social identities while interacting in an interprofessional team and engaging with patients in experiential patient-centered learning.

Methods
Students (n=139) representing 11 health professions worked in interprofessional teams to interview patients about living with chronic illness. Students reflected on how their social identities may impact team and patient interactions before and after the interviews. Responses from the written student reflections were collected for data analysis.

Results
Before the interviews, students reported that social identities may be advantageous for teamwork, allow for diverse perspectives, raise cultural awareness, provide relatability with patients, and bring awareness to biases. Following interviews, students reported increased awareness of their own, peers’, and patients’ social identities.

Conclusions
Intentionally encouraging students to reflect on their social identities and how these influence collaboration with peers and patients contributed to their interprofessional socialization.