bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent and medical team disagreements in the UK: universal lessons in the origins and resolution in conflict
Authors: Mackintosh Karen , McConnell Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been an increase in life expectancy in children with life-limiting conditions. Ideally, parents and clinicians would work together to ensure the best care for these children. Several cases have appeared in the media in recent years where conflict has risen between parents and healthcare professionals acting in the ‘best interests’ of children, which have resulted in court action. However, the legislation itself promotes conflict. Similar laws exist across Europe based on Article 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.The aim of the Children’s Act 1989 in the UK was to place the ‘child’s welfare’ as the ‘paramount consideration’. It has prevented draconian care and supervision orders, which can only be made if the child is at risk of ‘significant harm’. This threshold does not apply to healthcare teams. Healthcare decisions are based on ‘best interests’, which are not explicitly defined. This sets the threshold for progression to court action much lower, and due to a lack of definitive definition of what ‘best interests’ are, this has unfortunately escalated conflict rather than resolve it.Healthcare institutions have been criticised for not utilising alternative approaches first, such as mediation. We propose an alternative approach based on collaboration, reasonableness and the threshold of significant harm, which we have explored in this review.Conflict management frameworks are a tool that can be used to recognise early signs of conflict and develop strategies to prevent escalation at ward level. They can be tailored to individual institutions and utilise content-oriented and empathetic communication strategies through designated clinicians. They should offer guidance on when to refer to the courts.Parental wishes should be assessed on whether they represent significant harm or not. If not, they cannot simply be wrong. Acknowledgement of the ‘reasonableness’ of parental requests can be a key factor which is diffusing conflict. Therefore, setting the threshold for state intervention at ‘significant harm’ rather than ‘best interests’ would help to reduce the number of these cases progressing to courts.
The Poisoned Periphery: Research Methods for City's Edge
Authors: Crane Emma Shaw 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay develops the idea of the “suburban periphery”: a place of municipal and imperial dirty work, produced by circulations and dispossessions across scale. Homestead, Florida, a suburb of Miami, is home to a military base, a detention camp for migrant children, agricultural industries, and a nuclear power plant. The essay offers methodological reflections for the study of this socio-spatial formation, paying particular attention to how race becomes material through uneven exposure to hazard and to collaborative knowledge production with movements for environmental and migrant justice.
Manifold Enclosures
Authors: Kim Janette 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn 2021, the East Bay Permanent Real Estate Cooperative (EB PREC) purchased Esther's Orbit Room—the last remaining venue of Oakland's West Coast blues scene—to build a haven for Black culture and livelihood. As a novel system of land ownership inspired by land trusts, cooperatives, and social movements, EB PREC orchestrates local, collective governance to harness the staying power of ownership and resist its commodification. EB PREC's complex institutional structure is mirrored in the manifold enclosures of the Orbit Room property, which expands, contracts, and subdivides an ever-contested form of parcelization. As an architectural designer and member of EB PREC, the author combines an analysis of the Orbit Room's as-built conditions with an institutional portrait of EB PREC. This article asks how alignment and misalignment between ownership and property lines can enable—and preclude—the decommodification of property and transform it into an enduring source of power for those so long excluded from it.
Sumud: Repertoires of Resistance in Silwan
Authors: Sabbagh Mahdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay aims to identify methods and strategies used to manipulate the Palestinian urban fabric. First, the essay will focus on Israeli settler-colonial activity through a study of the deployed tactics of de-development, destruction, and harassment. Second, it will focus on Silwan's popular movements and their culture of resistance. Instead of viewing their resistance as reactionary or as an act of survival, the essay attempts to frame it as an active praxis. Silwan's collective movement's various means of manipulation—sumud, communal awareness, outreach, and the sit-in tent—form a powerful set of resistance tactics that embody possibly universal lessons in urban resilience.
Functional Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Novel, Alternative, and Less Invasive Therapy
Authors: Liu Yong , Ren Yutao , Meng Qiang , Wu Hao , Dong Shan , Li Huanfa , Liu Xiaofang , Li Kuo , Du Changwang , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Anterior temporal lobectomy is the most effective treatment for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, patients are reluctant to choose this surgery for fear of risks after large frontotemporal craniotomy, and epileptologists likewise have a cautious attitude because of surgical trauma. Functional anterior temporal lobectomy (FATL) is a minimally invasive surgery procedure for addressing the above concerns.

OBJECTIVE:
To report preliminary data on this procedure and its safety and efficacy for treating TLE.

METHODS:
This consecutive case series study was conducted between October 2020 and September 2021. Patients with TLE underwent FATL by minicraniotomy with a diameter of 3 cm. Surgery duration, postoperative complications, and seizure control are described herein. Seizure outcomes were classified using Engel classifications.

RESULTS:
A total of 25 patients undergoing FATL for TLE were enrolled. The median epilepsy duration was 8 years. The median surgery duration was 165 min. The median blood loss was 100 mL. The median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. No deaths occurred after surgery. Only 1 patient presented with a cerebrospinal fluid disorder that was successfully treated using a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. At the last follow-up, 23 patients (92%) were seizure-free (Engel-Ia), 1 patient remained substantially improved (Engel-II), and 1 patient obtained worthwhile seizure reduction (Engel-III).

CONCLUSION:
Our pilot study suggests that FATL is a viable surgical therapy for TLE. This method has the advantages of minimal invasiveness and high seizure-free rate. A controlled trial is warranted to verify the efficacy and safety of FATL comparing with anterior temporal lobectomy.
Targeting Drosophila Sas6 to mitochondria reveals its high affinity for Gorab
Authors: Kovacs Levente , Fatalska Agnieszka , Glover David M. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The ability to relocalize proteins to defined subcellular locations presents a powerful tool to examine protein-protein interactions that can overcome a tendency of non-targeted exogenous proteins to form inaccessible aggregates. Here, we show that a 24-amino-acid sequence from the Drosophila proapoptotic protein Hid's tail anchor (HTA) domain can target exogenous proteins to the mitochondria in Drosophila cells. We use this HTA tag to target the Drosophila centriole cartwheel protein Sas6 to the mitochondria, and show that both exogenous and endogenous Gorab can be co-recruited from the Golgi to the new mitochondrial site. This accords with our previous observation that monomeric Drosophila Gorab binds Sas6 to become centriole associated with a 50-fold greater affinity than dimeric Gorab binds Rab6 to become localized at the Golgi. Strikingly, Drosophila Sas6 can bind both Drosophila Gorab and its human GORAB ortholog, whereas human SAS6 is unable to bind either GORAB or Gorab. We discuss these findings in relation to the evolutionary conservation of Gorab and the divergence of Sas6, possibly reflecting known differences in persistence of the cartwheel in the centriole duplication cycle of fly and human cells.
Early detection of external cervical resorption in posterior teeth: a radiographic, cross-sectional study of an adolescent population
Authors: Suhr Villefrance Julie , Wenzel Ann , Kirkevang Lise-Lotte , Væth Michael , Christensen Jennifer , Matzen Louise Hauge 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To establish the prevalence and severity of external cervical resorption (ECR) in posterior teeth observed in bitewing (BW) radiographs in an epidemiological study of a 17-year-old patient population from community dentistry. Furthermore, to assess the potential predisposing factors for ECR. Methods: Posterior BWs from 5596 patients (2717 females, 2879 males; mean age 17.8 years) were assessed by three observers in order to detect ECR (using Heithersay’s classification system, severity classes 1–4). When ECR was suspected, cone beam CT (CBCT) was offered to verify diagnosis. Prevalence was estimated based on ECR suspected in BWs and finally in CBCT. Possible predisposing factors (orthodontic treatment, trauma, and periodontal disease) were recorded and assessed for association with ECR. Results: In 41 patients, ECR was suspected in BWs (suspected prevalence 0.73%). 32 patients accepted CBCT examination, of which eight were verified to have ECR (final prevalence 0.18%). In 24 patients, other disease entities and abnormal tooth morphology, that had mimicked ECR in BWs, excluded ECR in CBCT. ECR severity ranged from class 1–3 in BW and 2–4 in CBCT. All but one case had not been diagnosed by the patient’s community dentist. No statistically significant association between predisposing factors and ECR was identified. Conclusions: ECR had low prevalence in this adolescent population, as observed in both BWs and CBCT. Still, early detection of ECR is important for treatment prognosis, and attention should be paid to this disease entity when assessing BWs obtained for other diagnostic purposes. CBCT may subsequently aid in verifying the disease.
Burden of disease in Colombian Orinoquia, 2017
Authors: Gutiérrez-Lesmes Oscar , Grisales-Romero Hugo 
Published: November 2022

Background:Population health diagnoses are a fundamental tool to guide health policies and programs, and consequently, public health requirements. In this perspective, the burden of disease in inhabitants of Colombian Orinoquia is quantified for the first time.Methods:A descriptive population-based study that was based on secondary sources was carried out, which aimed at measuring the burden of the disease in the Colombian region of Orinoquia, using the simplified synthetic indicator of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the global health estimation methodology. We used mortality records from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and service provision records from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, both records from the year 2017, available on the Integrated Social Protection Information System.Results:288,740.2 DALYs occurred (95% UI 210,714.6-382,948.8), with higher reports for men (59%); group of non-communicable diseases accounted for 62.3% of DALY (179,993.6, 95% UI, 115,030.2-268,405.0), followed by external cause injuries group which contributed 24.6% (71,000.0, 95% UI, 25,638.1-134,013.1), and group of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders which contributed 13.1% (37,746.0, 95% UI, 28,048.0-50,239.7). Interpersonal violence was the primary cause specific of DALYs with 9.8% of the burden, (28,290.0, 95% UI, 7,365.1-64,208.1).Conclusions:Most DALYs in Orinoquia are produced by non-communicable diseases (NCD), largely caused by neoplasms and cardiovascular disease, which increased with age. However, when considered by specific cause of illness or injury, interpersonal violence is indicated as the main cause of DALYs, affecting mainly young men, possibly as an expression of social inequality, substance use, criminality, and insecurity. It is important to highlight that this region has been recognized as an area of armed conflict, drug trafficking, and poverty.
Cookies rich in iron (Fe), folic acid, cobalamin (vitamin B12), and antioxidants: a novel functional food potential for adolescent with anemia
Authors: Bolang Alexander Sam Leonard , Rizal Mochammad , Nurkolis Fahrul , Mayulu Nelly , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Radu Son , Samtiya Mrinal , Assa Youla Annatje , Herlambang Hendra Agung , Pondagitan Alpinia Shinta , Vivo Christopherous Diva 
Published: November 2022

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem, including Indonesia with 32% of adolescents are anemic. This study aims to process porang flour, moringa leaves, and tempe into cookies that are high in iron (Fe), folic acid, cobalamin (vitamin B12), and antioxidants as potential functional food snacks for adolescents with anemia. Methods: This study is experimental with a completely randomized trial design (CRD) with three treatments and replications. There are three comparison formulations of a combination of porang, moringa leaves, and black soybean-based tempe; respectively F1 (91:3:3:3)%, F2 (85:3:6:6)%, and F3 (77:3:10:10)%. The cookie sample was then analyzed for water content, ash, iron, folic acid, cobalt, and antioxidant activity. The differences between the samples were analyzed based on the activity of antioxidants, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in data obtained from triplicates using multivariate ANOVA analysis. Results: The results of the ash and water content tests of all three cookie formulations showed values in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for cookie products. F3 has significantly higher iron, folic acid, and cobalt levels than F1 and F2 (p<0.05). Antioxidant activity is highest in F3, but there is no statistical difference between F2 and F3 (p>0.05). Conclusions: The combination of porang's tubers, moringa leaves, and tempe made from black soybeans, especially F3, has the potential to be used as a functional cookie processed product source of iron (Fe), folic acid, cobalamin, and antioxidants for adolescent anemia.
Occupational allergic respiratory diseases - occupational asthma
Authors: Kopiec Dominika , Kuzioła Karolina 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and objective: Occupational diseases, most often caused by allergens or irritants in the workplace, lead to a deterioration in the quality of life of employees and, in some cases, the inability to continue working in a specific position.It is important to prevent respiratory diseases, which will allow for earlier detection of changes and appropriate treatment. The aim of the study is to present the knowledge about occupational asthma on the basis of available scientific data, and to indicate appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of this disease entity.
Review methods:While writing the thesis, a database was used, ie Pubmed and Google Scholar.
Brief description of the stage of knowledge: The group of the most common obstructive pulmonary diseases is bronchial asthma. This disease affects over a dozen percent of the population of civilized countries, and it affects various age groups and various social strata. Bronchial asthma can be mild, severe, and even fatal [1]. Occupational asthma is caused by inhaling antigens, which are abundant in the working environment of farmers, bakers and millers, including protozoa and airborne fungi.
Summary: Allergic respiratory diseases are a significant problem in the work environment. In addition, an increase in these diseases has been observed in recent years. It is related to the improvement of diagnostic methods, as well as their more frequent occurrence [2]. The frequency and type of allergy occurrence depends on many factors. These factors include genetics, exposure to aeroallergens, and the type of work performed. Certain professions are associated with a particularly high risk of allergic respiratory disease. Such occupations include a baker, miller, and employees in the transport industry [3].
Hydrogeophysical Characterization of Swine Effluent Amended Soils in Mantled Karst
Authors: Fields Jon , Halihan Todd , Vilcaez Javier , Sharpley Andrew N. , Daniels Mike 
Published: November 2022

Highlights

Animal effluents can be detected in soils after minimal applications using non-intrusive characterization techniques.

Swine effluent in soil produces measurable electrical signatures in the absence of chemical signatures.

Electrical resistivity imaging can determine soil thickness and identify rapid transport pathways in the subsurface.

Dietary additives may be good proxies to detect swine effluent in soils.

Abstract. Land application of animal manures is useful for increasing many beneficial properties of soil that include fertility, productivity, and overall soil health, but can pose risks to water quality if not properly applied, especially in karstic formations. A study was carried out to assess the use of electrical resistivity and soil sampling to better characterize the transport of applied swine effluent within a mantled karst system and to assess the potential for rapid transport of swine effluent represented by Zn and other metals commonly found in effluent. This hydrogeophysical investigation was conducted at three sites, all permanent pastures, along Big Creek near Mount Judea, AR, USA, that are underlain by the Boone Limestone formation that is home to the Buffalo National River. To determine if surface electrical geophysics could be utilized to monitor the applied swine effluent within a mantled karst riparian system, this study measured the bulk electrical properties of the subsurface, characterized soil properties at the surface, and used reactive transport modeling. Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) showed soils at sites with applied effluent were more electrically conductive than a background site. A comparison of ERI and soil sampling bulk datasets demonstrated strong trends between bulk resistivity and fluid conductance. These results enabled a more accurate definition of soil characteristics, the epikarst zone, and bedrock, along with anticipated subsurface chemical transport. Keywords: Electrical Resistivity Imaging, Epikarst detection, Soil characterization, Swine Effluent.
Design of a single-mode fiber coupling system based on the modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm
Authors: Qiao Jiawei , Shen Jiajia , Jiang Ping , Caiyang Weinan , Yang Huajun 
Published: November 2022

The efficiency of a hollow beam received by the Cassegrain antenna
coupling into a single-mode fiber is low, and converting the hollow
beam into a solid beam can remarkably improve the coupling efficiency.
In this paper, shaping diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are
designed through a modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm (MGS) with
Fresnel diffraction. Further, the MGS algorithm can be applicable in
the issue of circular symmetric beam shaping. The properties of the
system with/without shaping DOEs are analyzed and compared. According
to the simulation results, in consideration of the energy loss of the
antenna, DOEs, and coupling lens, the total transmission efficiency of
the receiving antenna system at 1550 nm wavelength can reach
77.81%. In addition, the system with shaping DOEs can better adapt for
coupling lenses with different focal lengths, and the variation of the
maximum coupling efficiency of the DOEs shaping system at different
focal lengths studied in this paper is within 2.00%, which is 6.73%
lower than that of the lens shaping system. The research results
provide an idea of reverse design for improving a coupling system,
which can also provide inspiration for other optical system
designs.
Modeling of a ring-core trench-assisted few-mode BDFA for seven-mode signal gain equalization
Authors: Wang Dingchen , Pei Li , Zheng Jingjing , Wang Jianshuai , Xu Wenxuan , Li Jing , Ning Tigang 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a ring-core trench-assisted few-mode bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) is simulated on the basis of the three-energy level. The fiber is designed to support four modes of signal group transmission for practical considerations, including LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP31. The results suggest that (1) it is possible to obtain gain equalization of the three signal groups by using the LP21 mode pump independently, where the maximum difference in modal gain (MAX DMG) is about 0.9 dB, except for the LP31 mode signal; (2) by combining the LP01 and LP31 mode pumps, the average gain of the groups increases by 14%, and the MAX DMG decreases by nearly 60% (3.8 to 1.5 dB) compared to the LP01 pump alone; and (3) with the same combination of mode pumps, the ring-core BDFA (1.5 dB) achieves better gain equalization than the single-core BDFA (2.8 dB). The analysis is informative for the future development of a multimode BDFA.
An instrument for measuring job satisfaction (VIJS): A validation study for community pharmacists in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi Phuong , Truong Giang Thi Huong , Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh , Nguyen Cuc Thi Thu , Dinh Dai Xuan , Nguyen Binh Thanh 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundJob satisfaction is one of the main factors creating and bringing about work motivation, productivity, and efficiency as well as decreasing job-hopping and job turnover. No previous studies have been conducted to assess job satisfaction for community pharmacists in Vietnam.ObjectiveThis research was conducted to develop and validate an instrument used to measure community pharmacists’ job satisfaction in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam.Methods and resultsA total of 351 pharmacists participated in this survey. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.2.0. The final instrument (VIJS) has 34 items divided into six factors which were determined via a parallel analysis (including physical working conditions, work nature, income and other benefits, management policies and managers, relationships with coworkers and customers, and learning and advancement opportunities). VIJS’s internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97, Omega total = 0.98, split-half reliability = 0.985, and composite reliability>0.8). Two-week test-retest reliability results (intraclass correlation coefficient for the overall instrument: 0.97, for six factors: 0.865–0.938) demonstrated the consistency of the VIJS when the same test was repeated on the same sample (62 pharmacists) at different points in time. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to assess the construct validity. The VIJS was a good fit to a six-factor model (Chisq/df = 2.352, Comparative Fit Index = 0.937, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.929, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.042, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.062). VIJS’s good convergent and discriminant validity was demonstrated via Average Variance Extrated>0.5 and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations<0.85.ConclusionsThe VIJS possesses good reliability and validity and can be used to measure community pharmacists’ job satisfaction.