bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation of lipopolysaccharide in hyperplasic adipose expansion: Involvement of NADPH oxidase/ROS/p42/p44 MAPK‐dependent Cyclooxygenase‐2
Authors: Chang Chao‐Chien , Sia Kee‐Chin , Chang Jia‐Feng , Lin Chia‐Mo , Yang Chuen‐Mao , Lee I‐Ta , Vo Thi Thuy Tien , Huang Kuo‐Yang , Lin Wei‐Ning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObesity is a world‐wide problem, especially the child obesity, with the complication of various metabolic diseases. Child obesity can be developed as early as the age between 2 and 6. The expansion of fat mass in child age includes both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipose tissue, suggesting the importance of proliferation and adipogenesis of preadipocytes. The changed composition of gut microbiota is associated with obesity, revealing the roles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on manipulating adipose tissue development. Studies suggest that LPS enters the circulation and acts as a pro‐inflammatory regulator to facilitate pathologies. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms behind LPS‐modulated obesity are yet clearly elucidated. This study showed that LPS enhanced the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), an inflammatory regulator of obesity, in preadipocytes. Pretreating preadipocytes with the scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase or p42/p44 MAPK markedly decreased LPS‐stimulated gene expression of COX‐2 together with the phosphorylation of p47phox and p42/p44 MAPK, separately. LPS activated p42/p44 MAPK via NADPH oxidase‐dependent ROS accumulation in preadipocytes. Reduction of intracellular ROS or attenuation of p42/p44 MAPK activation both reduced LPS‐mediated COX‐2 expression and preadipocyte proliferation. Moreover, LPS‐induced preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis were abolished by the inhibition of COX‐2 or PEG2 receptors. Taken together, our results suggested that LPS enhanced the proliferation and adipogenesis of preadipocytes via NADPH oxidase/ROS/p42/p44 MAPK‐dependent COX‐2 expression.
Consistency in the prevalence and associated factors of frailty determined by two instruments among hospitalised older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yu Xingfeng , Wang Nana , Wang Dan , Ma Yunmiao , Liu Hongmei , Fu Jia , Xu Cuixiang , Sun Yang , Zhang Yulian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the consistency in the prevalence and associated factors of frailty determined by the physical‐originated Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale and the multidimensional Tilburg Frailty Indicators (TFI) scale.BackgroundAccurate assessment of frailty and the identification of its associated factors could guide the development and implementation of holistic and individualised treatment plan. However, recommendations regarding the selection of frailty assessment tools are inconclusive.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study, the reporting of which followed the STROBE guidelines.MethodsA total of 1220 older adults were recruited from a university affiliated tertiary hospital in Xi'an City, Northwest China, and administrated with a social‐demographic and health‐related information sheet, the FRAIL, the TFI, the Short‐Form Mini‐Nutritional Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the 5‐level EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors.ResultsThe prevalence of physical‐originated and multidimensional frailty was 55.2% and 77.6%, respectively. The consistency between the two scales was low. Taking the combined use of the two instruments as the reference, the TFI and FRAIL could identify 89.99% and 64.02% of the participants with frailty. Polypharmacy, health‐related quality of life and sleep quality were found to be associated with both physical‐originated and multidimensional frailty. Nutritional status and level of physical activity were additionally identified as the independent associated factors of multidimensional frailty.ConclusionsThe prevalence of frailty among hospitalised older adults is high. There is low consistency between the FRAIL and TFI in detecting frailty. The TFI exhibited higher sensitivity in detecting individuals with frailty and its associated factors.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study supported a single use of the TFI for the assessment of frailty in the hospital setting.
Gender norms and styling in Japanese conversation: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Okamoto Shigeko , Morimoto Maho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe observation that gender differences in Japanese language use are becoming less prevalent as women increasingly use ‘men's language’ appears in popular media from time to time. Some empirical studies support this view. However, such observations are usually based on the consideration of only one or two linguistic features, especially sentence‐final forms and personal pronouns. In contrast, this study analyzes the use of multiple linguistic and paralinguistic features related to gender, regarding them as resources for styling identity. According to our analysis of eight same‐gender and mixed‐gender dyadic conversations of college students, these speakers’ use of features other than sentence‐final forms, which we found to vary little by gender, is normatively gendered to a large extent. The study thus demonstrates that the analysis of multiple and multilevel variables enables us to better understand the complex process of styling through the speaker's negotiation of linguistic gender norms in actual practice.
Utilising pneuRIP device in determining the adequacy of respiratory support when weaning high‐flow nasal cannula in paediatric patients with acute respiratory distress: A pilot study
Authors: Murala Deepika K , Levenbrown Yosef , Xiao Wendi , Hossain Jobayer , Shaffer Thomas H 
Published: June 2022

AimRecognition of paediatric respiratory distress and timely intervention is critical, especially during the weaning phase of support in paediatric acute respiratory failure, as weaning too aggressively can lead to further setbacks in a patient's recovery. We aimed to determine if pulmonary function measurements obtained with the pneuRIP device, a noninvasive pulmonary function testing device that provides measurements of labored breathing index (LBI), phase angle and %rib cage (%RC) contribution to breathing, will provide predictive values to assess the adequacy of respiratory support while weaning from HFNC.MethodsWe reviewed patients ages 0–18 years admitted to the PICU for respiratory distress due to respiratory infections receiving HFNC. Patients with history of chronic lung disease and chronic neuromuscular disease with baseline habnormal breathing patterns were excluded. Phase angle, LBI and %RC were obtained every hour and with every wean of HFNC. Nine patients were enroled.ResultsMean LBI range remained 1.27–1.68 when LBI was plotted as a function of the HFNC flow rate. Mean values of %RC contribution to breathing ranged 43.65–57.12 as a function of the HFNC flow rate. No significant deviations existed in either %RC (P = 0.16) or LBI (P = 0.16) during the weaning of HFNC. Mean phase angle for all subjects was 41.48°–74.12° for the duration of wean and showed significant deviation from baseline during the weaning process (p = 0.001).ConclusionsMeasurements of LBI and %RC on the pneuRIP device effectively demonstrated tolerance of weaning HFNC during the recovery phase of acute respiratory failure from a respiratory infection.
Comparative analysis of 343 plastid genomes of Solanum section Petota: Insights into potato diversity, phylogeny, and species discrimination
Authors: Yan Li‐Jun , Zhu Zhi‐Guo , Wang Pei , Fu Chao‐Nan , Guan Xi‐Jin , Kear Philip , Zhang Chun‐Zhi , Zhu Guang‐Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommon potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its wild relatives belong to Solanum section Petota. This section's phylogeny and species delimitation are complicated due to various ploidy levels, high heterozygosity, and frequent interspecific hybridization. Compared to the nuclear genome, the plastid genome is more conserved, has a haploid nature, and has a lower nucleotide substitution rate, providing informative alternative insights into the phylogenetic study of section Petota. Here, we analyzed 343 potato plastid genomes from 53 wild and four cultivated species. The diversity of sequences and genomes was comprehensively analyzed. A total of 24 species were placed in a phylogenetic tree based on genomic data for the first time. Overall, our results not only confirmed most existing clades and species boundaries inferred by nuclear evidence but also provided some distinctive species clade belonging and the maternally inherited evidence supporting the hybrid origin of some species. Furthermore, the divergence times between the major potato clades were estimated. In addition, the species discriminatory power of universal barcodes, nuclear ribosomal DNA, and whole and partial plastid genomes and their combinations were thoroughly evaluated; the plastid genome performed best but had limited discriminatory power for all survey species (40%). Overall, our study provided not only new insights into phylogeny and DNA barcoding of potato but also provided valuable genetic data resources for further systematical research of Petota.
Aquinas on Kinship and Caritas
Authors: Russell Jesse 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBoth within and without the Church, contemporary political discourse is haunted by the question of ethnicity and identity. Many thinkers further have sounded the death knell of the liberal world order, which promised the eventual abolition of ethnic ties and the coalescence of the brotherhood of humanity. At the same time, there is a rising tide of ‘ethnonationalism’, which (over-) emphasizes the importance of ethnic identity at the expense of recognition of a shared common humanity among all people. Happily, St. Thomas Aquinas presents a remedy in his work, noting the importance of ethnic identity and kinship, which the Angelic doctor places within a wider framework of charity.
Isolation and identification of sporozoite membrane protein of Cryptosporidium parvum and evaluation of calmodulin‐like protein immune protection
Authors: Huang Yan , Chen Yu , Liu Yuxuan , Mi Rongsheng , Han Xiangan , Gong Haiyan , Cheng Long , Chen Zhaoguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUntil now, no completely effective parasite‐specific drugs or vaccines have been approved for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Through the separation and identification of the sporozoite membrane protein of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), 20 related proteins were obtained. Among them, a calmodulin‐like protein (CML) has a similar functional domain‐exchange factor hand (EF‐hand) motif as calmodulin proteins (CaMs), so it may play a similarly important role in the invasion process. A 663 bp full gene encoding the C. parvum calmodulin‐like protein (CpCML) was inserted in pET28a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. An immunofluorescence assay showed that CpCML was mainly located on the surface of the sporozoites. Three‐week‐old female BALB/c mice were used for modelling the immunoreactions and immunoprotection of recombinant CpCML (rCpCML) against artificial Cryptosporidium tyzzeri infections. The results indicated a significantly increased in anti‐CpCML antibody response, which was induced by the immunized recombinant protein. Compared to rP23 (recombinant P23), GST6P‐1 (expressed by pGEX‐6P‐1 transfected E. coli), GST4T‐1 (expressed by pGEX‐4T‐1 transfected E. coli), glutathione (GSH), adjuvant and blank control groups, rCpCML‐immunized mice produced specific spleen cell proliferation in addition to different production levels of IL‐2, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐4 and IL‐5. Additionally, immunization with rCpCML led to 34.08% reduction of oocyst shedding in C. tyzzeri infected mice faeces which was similar to rP23. These results suggest that CpCML may be developed as a potential vaccine candidate antigen against cryptosporidiosis.
Genetic diversity of the pea root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches in Europe
Authors: Kälin Carol , Berlin Anna , Kolodinska Brantestam Agnese , Dubey Mukesh , Arvidsson Anna‐Kerstin , Riesinger Paul , Elfstrand Malin , Karlsson Magnus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches causes root rot in various legume species. In this study we focused on A. euteiches causing root rot in pea (Pisum sativum), thereby being responsible for severe yield losses in pea production. We aimed to understand the genetic diversity of A. euteiches in Europe, covering a north‐to‐south gradient spanning from Sweden, Norway and Finland to the UK, France and Italy. A collection of 85 European A. euteiches strains was obtained, all isolated from infected pea roots from commercial vining pea cultivation fields. The strains were genotyped using 22 simple‐sequence repeat markers. Multilocus genotypes were compiled and the genetic diversity between individual strains and population structure between countries was analysed. The population comprising strains from Italy was genetically different and did not share ancestry with any other population. Also, strains originating from Finland and the eastern parts of Sweden were found to be significantly different from the other populations, while strains from the rest of Europe were more closely related. A subset of 10 A. euteiches strains from four countries was further phenotyped on two susceptible pea genotypes, as well as on one genotype with partial resistance towards A. euteiches. All strains were pathogenic on all pea genotypes, but with varying levels of disease severity. No correlation between the genetic relatedness of strains and virulence levels was found. In summary, our study identified three genetically distinct groups of A. euteiches in Europe along a north‐to‐south gradient, indicating local pathogen differentiation.
Self‐regulation of the brain's right frontal Beta rhythm using a brain‐computer interface
Authors: Enz Nadja , Schmidt Jemima , Nolan Kate , Mitchell Matthew , Alvarez Gomez Sandra , Alkayyali Miryam , Cambay Pierce , Gippert Magdalena , Whelan Robert , Ruddy Kathy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeural oscillations, or brain rhythms, fluctuate in a manner reflecting ongoing behavior. Whether these fluctuations are instrumental or epiphenomenal to the behavior remains elusive. Attempts to experimentally manipulate neural oscillations exogenously using noninvasive brain stimulation have shown some promise, but difficulty with tailoring stimulation parameters to individuals has hindered progress in this field. We demonstrate here using electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback in a brain‐computer interface that human participants (n = 44) learned over multiple sessions across a 6‐day period to self‐regulate their Beta rhythm (13–20 Hz), either up or down, over the right inferior frontal cortex. Training to downregulate Beta was more effective than training to upregulate Beta. The modulation was evident only during neurofeedback task performance but did not lead to offline alteration of Beta rhythm characteristics at rest, nor to changes in subsequent cognitive behavior. Likewise, a control group (n = 38) who underwent training to up or downregulate the Alpha rhythm (8–12 Hz) did not exhibit behavioral changes. Although the right frontal Beta rhythm has been repeatedly implicated as a key component of the brain's inhibitory control system, the present data suggest that its manipulation offline prior to cognitive task performance does not result in behavioral change in healthy individuals. Whether this form of neurofeedback training could serve as a useful therapeutic target for disorders with dysfunctional inhibitory control as their basis remains to be tested in a context where performance is abnormally poor and neural dynamics are different.
Achieving agricultural greenhouse gas emission reductions in the EU post‐2030: What options do we have?
Authors: Verschuuren Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy 2030, the European Union (EU) must have regulatory instruments in place that not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, but that also increase carbon sequestration, increase resilience of agricultural production, improve biodiversity in rural areas and contribute to providing nutritious and healthy food to a growing world population. This article seeks to explore the EU's regulatory options to pursue these goals. Relying on the theoretical framework on smart environmental regulation by Gunningham, Grabosky and Sinclair, this article assesses recent proposals by the European Commission under its European Green Deal and Farm to Fork policies, as well as other regulatory instruments that need to be considered as part of the instrument mix. It concludes that regulatory intervention needs to be stepped up, particularly through using several opportunities that the EU emissions trading system offers to complement the regulatory toolbox.
Binder's syndrome: A narrative review
Authors: Siddiqui Hamza Parvez , Sennimalai Karthik , Samrit Vilas D. , Bhatt Krushna , Duggal Ritu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe classical features of Binder's syndrome (BS) have been widely reported, yet there is a lack of information on diagnostic and treatment challenges. Therefore, we aimed to review the literature on various aspects, including the role of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of BS.MethodsA thorough literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar using the keywords“Maxillonasal dysplasia”, “Maxillonasal dysostosis”, “nasomaxillary hypoplasia”, “Binder type”, “Binder syndrome”, “Binder phenotype”, and “OMIM 155050”. In addition, the articles published in the English language from the inception of the database until June 2021 were considered.ResultsThe search of different databases yielded 958 publications, out of which 145 relevant articles were reviewed. The studies were categorised by year of publication, study design, and theme. Most of the studies were case reports (42%) followed by case series (19%). The most reported topic was based on different surgical techniques (42%). Finally, the results were synthesised into a narrative review.ConclusionsThe need for a multidisciplinary approach involving clinicians from different specialities is highlighted. Future research is warranted to develop concrete clinical guidelines for the management of this syndrome.
Human Salmonella enteritidis illness outbreak associated with exposure to live mice in British Columbia, Canada, 2018–2019
Authors: Plotogea Amalia , Taylor Marsha , Parayno Alicia , Sillje Mona , Stone Jason , Byrnes Rakel , Bitzikos Olga , Redford Tony , Waters Shannon , Fraser Erin , Hoang Linda , Zabek Erin , Tschetter Lorelee , Ziebell Kim , Chan YL Elaine , Galanis Eleni ,   Outbreak Team Members
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn February 2019, five individuals with Salmonella Enteritidis infections matching by whole genome sequencing (WGS) were identified in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Individuals with available exposure information all reported unique exposure to reptiles or rodents, prompting an outbreak investigation. We describe how WGS, case interviews, traceback and environmental testing were used to link this outbreak to one supplier of live mice primarily used as feeder rodents for pet snakes. Our investigation suggested that SE infection in the live mice occurred from contact with surfaces at the facility which were contaminated with the bacteria, either by a new stock of mice or by culled chicks routinely brought in and processed at the facility. Timely control measures for biosecurity and hygiene implemented at the supplier contributed to reducing the ongoing risk of illness in humans. This investigation not only contributes to the weight of evidence on the risk that pet or feeder rodents pose, but also highlights how ongoing infections in animal species can result in the spread of Salmonella to humans.
Influence of Photovoltaic Shading on Rooftop Heat Transfer, Building Energy Loads, and Photovoltaic Power Output
Authors: Alasadi Habeeb , Choi Jun-Ki , Mulford Rydge B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) modules on building rooftops provide shade from summer heating, leading to a reduction in cooling load during hot seasons. However, PV shading also reduces passive solar heating during winter months, leading to an increase in the building heating load during cold seasons. In this study, the heat transfer performance of an enclosure formed by adjacent PV modules is analyzed for three locations in the United States, comparing the daily heat flux through rooftops for the case of a PV-shaded rooftop as well as an unshaded roof. Several result metrics are developed as part of this work, including the saved energy load (SEL), or the energy conserved by adding PV-shading to the rooftop, and the additional energy load (AEL), or the supplemental building energy required to replace shaded solar heating. Finally, this work calculates the utility factor, being the ratio of SEL and PV power output to AEL as a metric of PV effectiveness. SELs are 5.2, 6.2, and 11.7 kWh/m2 · year for Dayton, Boise, and Phoenix, respectively, while the AELs for the same locations are 1.6, 1.5, and 2.1 kWh/m2 · year. The utility factors for the same three locations are 61, 71, and 79. In general, locations with hot, non-cloudy summers and clear skies in winter see the largest utility factor. Further, it is shown that PV shading can conserve building energy during the winter months by preventing radiative losses to cold winter skies.
Online Friction–Thermal–Load Coupling Model of an Arbitrary Curve Contact Under Mixed Lubrication Considering Actual Operating Conditions
Authors: Li Tie-jun , Yang Yan-hong , Zhang Yi-min , Zhao Chun-yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The existing fractal contact model fails to solve the problem of online real-time irregular curvilinear contact under mixed lubrication conditions. In this study, a novel arbitrary curve contact model is established, considering the actual operating condition that occurs under mixed lubrication. Furthermore, a new online friction–thermal–load coupling model for an arbitrary curve contact under mixed lubrication conditions is presented, considering the actual operating condition. To investigate the effects of the proposed online friction–thermal–load coupling model, a 30,205 tapered roller bearing with curved contact is examined by reading the real-time key point temperatures using thermocouple. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented model is verified through experiments and comparison.