bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy Entrepreneurship and the Drafting of Refugee Law in a Non-Signatory Country: The Case of Thailand’s National Screening Mechanism
Authors: Jittiang Bhanubhatra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study explores the creation of the National Screening Mechanism (NSM) to classify forcibly displaced persons in Thailand, a non-signatory state to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. It argues that the drafting of the NSM as Thailand’s first refugee law resulted from policy entrepreneurship by officials in the Department of International Organizations (DIO), who promoted innovations in urban refugee management. The global refugee events of 2016 provided windows of opportunity for DIO officials to structure the need for creating the NSM and convince ruling generals to commit to new policy directions. However, bureaucrats in other agencies, who endorsed the status quo, leveraged their power to amend the initial conceptualization of the NSM and made it less progressive. Policy entrepreneurship offers another perspective for exploring changes in non-signatory states’ refugee policies that can also be applied more broadly to the context of signatory countries.
Physiological Demands and Characteristics of Movement During Simulated Combat
Authors: Larsson Jonas , Olsson M Charlotte , Bremander Ann , Dencker Magnus 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military tasks place considerable physiological demands on the soldier. It is therefore important to know the energy expenditure of soldiers while solving tasks in different environments. The purpose of this study was to describe the cardiorespiratory demands of certain movements and activities on ground combat soldiers during military field operations using body sensors and simulated combat.

Materials and Methods
Movement characteristics and cardiorespiratory responses were assessed in 42 soldiers (three women) in the Swedish Army. The different posts assessed were commander, combat engineer, driver, and gunner. The military field exercises examined were urban operations and retrograde operations in rough terrain. Measurements included (1) body mass, (2) heart rate (HR) including maximal (HRmax), (3) velocity, (4) accelerations/decelerations, and (5) distance moved. Maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak, mL·kg−1·min−1) was tested in a laboratory setting when wearing combat gear and body armor.

Results
There was a weak positive correlation (r = 0.41 and 0.28, both P &lt; .05) between VO2peak and percentage of time over 40% and 50% of maximal aerobic capacity during simulated combat. No differences were found for the different posts in time spent over 40% or 50% of maximal aerobic capacity and 76% of their HRmax (P &gt; .05). Wearing combat gear and additional load while solving tasks resulted in mean HR varying between 98 and 111 beats·min−1, corresponding with 50-57% of the soldiers HRmax. Studying all exercises, mean HR was 105 ± 11 beats min−1, 54 ± 5% of HRmax corresponding to light work intensity. Soldiers performed between 2.8 and 4.9 accelerations/min in the different exercises. A significant correlation between V̇O2peak (mL kg−1 min−1) and acceleration and m/min were found, implying that soldiers with good aerobic capacity were able to cope better with tasks requiring quick movements.

Conclusion
Conducting military operations in urban terrain and retrograde operations in rough terrain strains ground combat soldiers’ cardiorespiratory system, with work intensities close to 40% of maximal aerobic capacity in 15-33% of mission time. Tasks with external load carriage include change of direction, accelerations, bounds, and jumping over obstacles, and physical fitness tests should replicate this. Findings in this study also add objective data to the physiological demands of work performed by combat soldiers while conducting urban operations and retrograde operations in rough terrain. These findings could be used to develop a model for classifying work demands for ground combat forces.
On survival of dust grains in the sublimation zone of cold white dwarfs
Authors: Shestakova Lyubov I , Kenzhebekova Akmaral I , Serebryanskiy Aleksander V 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWe consider a mechanism for the deposition of dust grains on to the surface of cold white dwarfs (WDs). Calculations show that grains can fall on to a cold WD directly, without reaching the phase of complete evaporation, if the parent bodies and the grains orbit on elongated, close to parabolic, orbits. To this end, we calculated the dynamics of evaporating silicate and graphite dust grains moving in circular and parabolic orbits around the white dwarf WD J1644−0449 with Teff ≈ 3830 K and M⋆ = 0.45 M⊙. The calculations accounted for the influence of radiation pressure and Poynting–Robertson drag on the grain dynamics. The results show that silicate grains of all sizes considered that leave the parent bodies on circular orbits evaporate completely at a distance of ∼3 stellar radii (R⋆) from the star. The boundary of the dust-free zone for graphite grains is closer to the star, ∼1.5R⋆, and is represented confidently only for larger grains with radius &gt; 0.5 ${\mu m}$. We determined the lower limits of the radius for grains capable of reaching the stellar surface. For comparison, we analysed the dependences of lower size limits for infalling silicate grains for a set of WDs within the temperature range 3000–5000 K. We conclude that silicate grains with an initial size ≥ 300 ${\mu m}$ can reach the surface of WD J1644−0449. For stars with temperatures in the range 3000–5000 K, the corresponding grain size range is 0.016 μm–5 cm.
Perspective on research–policy interface as a partnership: The study of best practices in CREATE
Authors: Banozic-Tang Adriana , Taeihagh Araz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article serves as a blueprint and proof-of-concept of Singapore’s Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) programmes in establishing effective collaborations with governmental partners. CREATE is a research consortium between Singapore’s public universities and international research institutions. The effective partnership of CREATE partners with government stakeholders is part of its mission to help government agencies solve complex issues in areas that reflect Singapore’s national interest. Projects are developed in consultation with stakeholders, and challenges are addressed on a scale that enables significant impact and provides solutions for Singapore and internationally. The article discusses the lessons learnt, highlighting that while research–policy partnerships are widespread, they are seldom documented. Moreover, effective communication proved to be a foundation for an effective partnership where policy and research partners were more likely to provide formal and informal feedback. Engaging policy partners early in the research co-development process was beneficial in establishing effective partnerships.
Constructions of Care in EU Economic, Social, and Gender Equality Policy: Care Providers and Care Recipients versus the Needs of the Economy?
Authors: Zacharenko Elena , Elomäki Anna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The European Union is facing a crisis of care due to demographic shifts, policies aimed at driving up women’s employment while cutting state care expenditures, and marketizing public care provisions. This article combines feminist political economy approaches to reproductive labor as an essential part of the economy with theories of care ethics to explore the European Union’s role in deepening this crisis. It concludes that the European Union fails to recognize the importance of care or address it holistically and is more preoccupied with the potential impact on public finances than finding a solution to the care crisis.
Paradox or Mitigation? Childless and Parent Gender Gaps across British, Finnish, and German Wage Distributions
Authors: Cooke Lynn Prince , Hägglund Anna Erika , Icardi Rossella 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Part of the welfare paradox is that generous family policies increase private sector employer discrimination particularly against higher-wage women. We argue instead that bundles of generous policies mitigate gender productivity differences among parents, and in turn the discrimination also affecting childless women. We test these assertions by estimating the two gaps across the British, Finnish, and German private sector wage distributions using 2000–2018 panel data and unconditional quantile regression. Because of smaller motherhood penalties below the median, parenthood gaps are smallest in Finland and Germany. In contrast, fatherhood premiums constitute most of the parenthood gap for high-wage German and British women, whereas high-wage British women are disadvantaged by motherhood penalties and fatherhood premiums. The childless gap is also smaller across the bottom of the Finnish and German wage distributions. Overall, our advanced modeling strategy finds strong support for the mitigating effects of generous family policies on gender wage gaps.
Evaluating the Impact of Smartphones on Nursing Workflow: Lessons Learned
Authors: Baharaeen Kathlyn , Godwin Eryn M. , Mullen Tiffany A. , Hamacher McKenzie , Fouquet Sarah 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:
Although smartphone use in the workplace by physicians has been well documented, such use by nurses warrants further examination. In particular, there is a lack of research regarding the effects of smartphone use on nursing efficiency and workflow satisfaction. Our organization developed a pilot program to introduce the use of hospital-issued smartphones by direct care nurses in the pediatric ICU (PICU) and a satellite ED and created an implementation team to carry this out. Our research team thought it important to measure and evaluate nursing efficiency and workflow both before and after these phones were issued. The original plan included three primary measures: pre- and postimplementation surveys (both units), time-on-task studies (both units), and interruption observations (PICU only). Because of technical difficulties, the PICU pilot arm was abandoned after the smartphones were introduced. The ED arm completed the postimplementation time-on-task studies and the postimplementation survey nine months after implementation. The postimplementation survey results showed that nurses preferred other methods of communication over smartphones, and smartphones were scored lower than all other forms of communication for ease of integration into the workflow. Time-on-task results indicated texting was faster with smartphones than it was when using T9 texting (predictive texting) with the wireless Ascom phones in the PICU. Making calls with the smartphone took ED nurses significantly longer, and many preferred their traditional communication methods. Further research is needed to determine whether smartphones can be optimized to enhance nursing workflow, increase efficiency, and improve patient outcomes. This article provides vital information for nurses and others considering a transition to the use of smartphones or similar devices in the workplace.
Somatosensory Profiles Differentiate Pain and Psychophysiological Symptoms Among Young Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Yiming , Barandouzi Zahra A. , Xu Wanli , Feng Bin , Chon Ki , Santos Melissa , Starkweather Angela , Cong Xiaomei 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate if somatosensory profiles can differentiate pain and psychophysiological symptoms among young adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods:
We performed a cluster analysis of data collected from a randomized clinical trial of 80 IBS patients and 21 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) to stratify pain and symptoms among young adults with IBS by their peripheral sensory profiles. Data of quantitative sensory testing and IBS-related pain and symptoms were collected at baseline and 6-week and 12-week follow-ups.

Results:
Using the K-means method, IBS patients were classified into 2 clusters, the “IBS normal threshold” (IBS-NT) and the “IBS increased threshold” (IBS-IT). The IBS-NT cluster had a similar pain threshold as the HCs, and the IBS-IT cluster had an increased threshold of somatic pain perception (lower cold pain threshold, higher heat pain threshold, and higher pressure pain threshold, all P<0.001) than HCs. Compared with the IBS-NT cluster, the IBS-IT cluster reported higher levels of IBS-related pain intensity, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disturbance over the 3 visits (all P<0.05).

Discussion:
Young adults with IBS fell into 2 clusters, one with a similar sensory threshold as the HCs and another with an increased pain threshold, who reported higher pain intensity and more severe symptoms. Somatic sensory profiles should be integrated into further personalized self-management intervention among patients with IBS.
Hospital Discharge Summaries Are Insufficient Following ICU Stays: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hauschildt Katrina E. , Hechtman Rachel K. , Prescott Hallie C. , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Primary care providers (PCPs) receive limited information about their patients’ ICU stays; we sought to understand what additional information PCPs desire to support patients’ recovery following critical illness.

DESIGN:
Semistructured interviews with PCPs conducted between September 2020 and April 2021.

SETTING:
Academic health system with central quaternary-care hospital and associated Veterans Affairs medical center.

SUBJECTS:
Fourteen attending internal medicine or family medicine physicians working in seven clinics across Southeast Michigan (median, 10.5 yr in practice).

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
We analyzed using a modified Rigorous and Accelerated Data Reduction (RADaR) technique to identify gaps in current discharge summaries for patients with ICU stays, impacts of these gaps, and desired ICU-specific information. We employed RADaR to efficiently consolidate data in Excel Microsoft (Redmond, WA) tables across multiple formats (lists, themes, etc.).

RESULTS:
PCPs reported receiving limited ICU-specific information in hospital discharge summaries. PCPs often spent significant time reading inpatient records for additional information. Information desired included life-support interventions provided and duration (mechanical ventilation, dialysis, etc.), reasons for treatment decisions (code status changes, medication changes, etc.), and potential complications (delirium, dysphagia, postintensive care syndrome, etc.). Pervasive discharge gaps (ongoing needs, incidental findings, etc.) were described as worse among patients with ICU stays due to more complex illness and required interventions. Insufficient information was felt to lead to incomplete follow-up on critical issues, PCP frustration, and patient harm. PCPs stated that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated gaps due to decreased staffing, limited visitation policies, and reliance on telehealth follow-up visits.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Our results identified key data elements sought by PCPs about patients’ ICU stays and suggest opportunities to improve care through developing tools/templates to provide PCPs with ICU-specific information for outpatient follow-up.
Mantle cell lymphoma presenting with severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Ali Khaled , Habib Mhd Baraa , Alloush Ferial , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Although it usually involves extranodal sites such as the gastrointestinal tract in more than 80% of cases, mantle cell lymphoma is considered a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, especially severe and life-threatening bleeding.

Patient concern:
A 60-year-old man with peptic ulcer disease, who presented with severe upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and large gastric ulcer.

Diagnosis:
Primary gastric mantle cell lymphoma.

Interventions:
He was treated conservatively with blood transfusion and started on Traneximic acid for 3 days. Then, the patient underwent urgent hemostatic radiotherapy.

Outcomes:
The patient became stable and kept in the hospital for monitoring with a definite diagnosis of stage IV Mantle cell lymphoma is made.

Conclusion:
Mantle cell lymphoma should be kept in mind when assessing massive upper GI bleeding, as an unusual cause of bleeding gastric ulcer, given that bleeding is an uncommon presenting feature of GI lymphoma.
Effects of hydrodissection on anesthesia characteristics in ultrasound guided infraclavicular brachial plexus blockade
Authors: Er Samet , Baskan Semih , Akcay Murat , Akcay Feryal , Zengin Musa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
The development of ultrasonography technology and its widespread application have increased peripheral nerve block applications, especially in limb surgeries, since it reduces complication rates and increases success rates in peripheral nerve block applications. However, even experienced physicians need to direct a large number of needles and injections for adequate local anesthetic spread, which can cause accidental vascular puncture and local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Such complications can be prevented by hydrodissection and a safer and successful anesthesia can be provided to patients in this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of hydrodissection on anesthesia characteristics in the infraclavicular brachial plexus blockade.

Materials and methods:
Ninety patients were included in our study after approval by the Ethics Committee. These patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (Group I: Infraclavicular brachial plexus blockade with normal method and Group II: infraclavicular brachial plexus blockade with hydrodissection). After obtaining patient consent, monitoring and vascular access were provided. Group I patients were mixed with 30 mL of local anesthetic mixture (15 mL of distilled water and 15 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine), and Group II patients were treated with 15 mL of distilled water by hydrodissection and 15 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine anesthesia resident. Block characteristics were evaluated and recorded every 5 minutes for the first 30 minutes by a blinded observer. The sensory block score was 7, the total score was 14 or above, and the block was considered successful, and the patient was ready for surgery. Postoperative block removal times, analgesia, and complications were evaluated and recorded.

Results:
A significant difference was found between the sensory and motor block onset times and postoperative VAS scores between the normal and hydrodissection groups (P < .05). There were no significant differences in terms of block application times, postoperative block removal times, and complications between the groups.

Conclusion:
In this study, it has been shown that hydrodissection in peripheral nerve blocks does not lag in terms of block success and characteristics compared to normal methods, whereas anesthetists with less experience in peripheral nerve block experience obtain safer and more successful results in practice.
Caregiver Engagement Enhances Outcomes Among Randomized Control Trials of Transitional Care Interventions
Authors: Levoy Kristin , Rivera Eleanor , McHugh Molly , Hanlon Alexandra , Hirschman Karen B. , Naylor Mary D. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Fluctuations in health among chronically ill adults result in frequent health care transitions. Some interventions to improve patient outcomes after hospitalization include caregiver engagement as a core component, yet there is unclear evidence of the effects of this component on outcomes.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to synthesize evidence regarding the attention given to caregiver engagement in randomized control trials of transitional care interventions (TCIs), estimate the overall intervention effects, and assess caregiver engagement as a moderator of intervention effects.

Methods:
Three databases were systematically searched for randomized control trials of TCIs targeting adults living with physical or emotional chronic diseases. For the meta-analysis, overall effects were computed using the relative risk (RR) effect size and inverse variance weighting.

Results:
Fifty-four studies met criteria, representing 31,291 participants and 66 rehospitalizations effect sizes. Half (51%) the interventions lacked focus on caregiver engagement. The overall effect of TCIs on all-cause rehospitalizations was nonsignificant at 1 month (P=0.107, k=29), but significant at ≥2 months [RR=0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 0.97; P=0.007, k=27]. Caregiver engagement moderated intervention effects (P=0.05), where interventions with caregiver engagement reduced rehospitalizations (RR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92; P=0.001), and those without, did not (RR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.08; P=0.550). Interventions with and without caregiver engagement did not differ in the average number of components utilized, however, interventions with caregiver engagement more commonly employed baseline needs assessments (P=0.032), discharge planning (P=0.006), and service coordination (P=0.035).

Discussion:
Future TCIs must consistently incorporate the active participation of caregivers in design, delivery, and evaluation.
Contrasting the Social Cognitive and Metacognitive Capacities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders Enrolled in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Authors: Dubreucq Julien , Martin Aude , Gabayet Franck , Plasse Julien , Wiesepape Courtney , Quilès Clélia , Verdoux Hélène , Franck Nicolas , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Unique deficits in synthetic metacognition have been found in schizophrenia when compared with other psychiatric conditions and community controls. Although persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display similar deficits in social cognition relative to those with schizophrenia, to date no study has compared metacognitive function between these groups. We aimed to compare the metacognitive capacities of persons with schizophrenia and ASD and their associations with other outcomes (neurocognition, social cognition, depression, and quality of life). Fifty-six outpatients with schizophrenia or ASD (mean age, 32.50 [9.05]; 67.9% male) were recruited from two French Centers of Reference for Psychiatric Rehabilitation of the REHABase cohort. Evaluation included the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview, Metacognition Assessment Scale–Abbreviated, Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition, and a large cognitive battery. Compared with those with schizophrenia, participants with ASD had higher self-reflectivity (p = 0.025; odds ratio, 1.38 [1.05–1.86]) in univariable analyses. Metacognitive deficits may be found in ASD with a profile that varies from what is found in schizophrenia. It is possible that methods for enhancing metacognitive abilities during psychiatric rehabilitation may be refined to assist adults with ASD to better manage their own recovery.
Assessing the Impact of Relationship Profile Test Scores, Self-Identified Ethnic Group, and Gender on Adult Attachment Style
Authors: Blanchard Mark P. , Jowers Callie E. , Huprich Steven K. , Porcerelli John , Haggerty Greg , Siefert Caleb 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Research shows that the subscales of the Relationship Profile Test (RPT) are related to adult attachment. Gender differences have been implicated, but findings are inconsistent in terms of replication. A limited amount of research has been conducted on ethnic differences in the context of interpersonal dependency. This study aims to bridge the gap in the literature in terms of using the RPT to predict attachment styles and to assess gender and ethnic group differences in RPT scores. Four samples from various treatment settings were combined to yield a heterogeneous group of ethnically diverse men and women (N = 470) with a mean age of 31.96. No gender differences were observed; however, ethnic differences were noted, with the RPT scales predicting unique variance in secure and insecure attachment styles. This study evidences the incremental validity of the RPT scales when predicting adult attachment style with consideration of ethnic group differences, which can help inform the treatment and assessment process.