bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of diverse coding metamaterial structure for radar cross section reduction applications
Authors: Ramachandran Tayaallen , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Al-mugren K. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite their widespread use for performing advanced electromagnetic properties, metamaterial suffers from several restrictions in this technological era. Generally, technology affects the way individuals communicate, learn, think and plays an important role in society today. For this reason, there has been a surge of interest in a coding metamaterial field that possesses the ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves and realize different functionalities. This research work investigates circular-shaped coding metamaterial for microwave frequency applications through several analyses. First, the 1-bit coding metamaterial that is made up of only “0” and “1” elements with 0 and π phase responses by adopting two types of unit cells such as square-shaped Rogers RT6002 substrate material with and without metamaterial structure were analysed in this work. The proposed element ‘1’ successfully manifests several more than 180○ phase responses at several frequency ranges, for instance, 7.35 to 9.48 GHz, 12.87 to 14.25 GHz and 17.49 to 18 GHz (C, X, and Ku-bands), respectively. Besides that, three types of coding sequences were proposed and the radar cross-section (RCS) reduction values of the designs were numerically calculated by utilising Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Meanwhile, the single-layered coding metamaterial with 6 lattices was compared with double and triple-layered metamaterial structures. At 2 GHz, the triple-layered structure exhibit reduced RCS values with near to − 30 dBm2 for all coding sequences. Therefore, the transmission coefficient results of the triple-layered coding metamaterial sequences were numerically calculated. Several advanced coding metamaterial designs were constructed and the properties were discussed in terms of RCS values and scattering patterns. Meanwhile, the scattering and effective medium parameters of the unit cell metamaterial structure were also analysed in this work. In a nutshell, the 1-bit coding metamaterial in a controlled sequence can control electromagnetic waves and realize different functionalities.
A quartz crystal microbalance method to quantify the size of hyaluronan and other glycosaminoglycans on surfaces
Authors: Srimasorn Sumitra , Souter Luke , Green Dixy E. , Djerbal Lynda , Goodenough Ashleigh , Duncan James A. , Roberts Abigail R. E. , Zhang Xiaoli , Débarre Delphine , DeAngelis Paul L. , Kwok Jessica C. F. , Richter Ralf P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) is a major component of peri- and extra-cellular matrices and plays important roles in many biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. The abundance, size distribution and presentation of HA dictate its biological effects and are also useful indicators of pathologies and disease progression. Methods to assess the molecular mass of free-floating HA and other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are well established. In many biological and technological settings, however, GAGs are displayed on surfaces, and methods to obtain the size of surface-attached GAGs are lacking. Here, we present a method to size HA that is end-attached to surfaces. The method is based on the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and exploits that the softness and thickness of films of grafted HA increase with HA size. These two quantities are sensitively reflected by the ratio of the dissipation shift (ΔD) and the negative frequency shift (− Δf) measured by QCM-D upon the formation of HA films. Using a series of size-defined HA preparations, ranging in size from ~ 2 kDa tetrasaccharides to ~ 1 MDa polysaccharides, we establish a monotonic yet non-linear standard curve of the ΔD/ − Δfratio as a function of HA size, which reflects the distinct conformations adopted by grafted HA chains depending on their size and surface coverage. We demonstrate that the standard curve can be used to determine the mean size of HA, as well as other GAGs, such as chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, of preparations of previously unknown size in the range from 1 to 500 kDa, with a resolution of better than 10%. For polydisperse samples, our analysis shows that the process of surface-grafting preferentially selects smaller GAG chains, and thus reduces the average size of GAGs that are immobilised on surfaces comparative to the original solution sample. Our results establish a quantitative method to size HA and other GAGs grafted on surfaces, and also highlight the importance of sizing GAGs directly on surfaces. The method should be useful for the development and quality control of GAG-based surface coatings in a wide range of research areas, from molecular interaction analysis to biomaterials coatings.
Eligibility for minithoracotomy aortic valve replacement: from Van Praet classification to complex scanner measurements
Authors: Barthelemy Yann , Camilleri Lionel , Pereira Bruno , Farhat Mehdi , Cassagnes Lucie , d’Ostrevy Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVan Praet proposed a classification to predict the ease of minithoracotomy aortic valve replacement (MT-AVR) based on the position of the aorta in the thorax. We have evaluated the relevance of complex computed tomography (CT) scan measurements to predict the ease of performing a MT-AVR. The first 57 patients who underwent MT-AVR from February 2018 to June 2020 were selected prior to surgery using Van Praet's IA and IB classes. We made additional measurements on aorta position related to the chest and the incision on the preoperative CT scan. The main objective was to correlate complex CT measurements with different operating durations. Van Praet criteria were significantly related to the distance from the center of the aorta to the midline (p value < 0.001), the distance from the center of the aortic ring to the midline (p value = 0.013) and aorto-sternal angle (p < 0.001). We did not find a correlation between CT criteria and the different surgical steps durations in patients belonging to Van Praet classes IA and IB. Our cohort of Van Praet class Ia and Ib patients were able to benefit from a MT-AVR without the need for conversion. Complex CT measurements do not provide additional information to predict surgical difficulties. This classification appears to be sufficient to determine a patient's eligibility for MT-AVR, even for a surgeon experienced in sternotomy in his first MT-AVR.
An integrated assessment of land use impact, riparian vegetation and lithologic variation on streambank stability in a peri-urban watershed (Nigeria)
Authors: Okeke Chukwueloka A. U. , Uno Jonathan , Academe Sunday , Emenike PraiseGod Chidozie , Abam Tamunoene K. S. , Omole David Olugbenga 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBank erosion is an important source of sediment and phosphorus to inland fluvial systems and is generally responsible for more than half of the total watershed sediment export. Numerous studies have quantified bank erosion and the spatio-temporal variation of sediment flux in different watersheds. However, there is sparse research to date on the linkages between bank erosion/accretion and sediment export under different land uses, especially in rapidly evolving peri-urban watersheds. This research, therefore, integrated remote sensing techniques and repeated field survey of erosion pin plots to quantify bank erosion and sediment flux in the 80 km2 Nkisi River watershed (NRW), southeast Nigeria, over a three-year period. The impact of land use change on streambank erosion was evaluated by utilising remotely sensed Landsat datasets of 2003, 2010, 2016 and 2019. Geotechnical tests were used to characterise the lithologic properties of the banks, while the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) was used to determine the stability of the banks under various hydrological conditions and mechanical properties of the riparian vegetation. Mean bank recession rates increased from 10.7 cm during the 2017–2018 monitoring period to 17.5 cm for the 2019–2020 monitoring period. The percentage of total watershed export ascribed to bank erosion in the three stream reaches varied from 6.6 to 44.9%. The high rates of bank erosion and accretion within the NRW were attributed to rapid changes in land use, which evolved from grassland and woodland to cropland, built-up and bare land. The BSTEM accurately predicted the high erosion rates of the streambanks and showed that riparian vegetation has a mechanical effect on bank stability. However, the mechanical effect diminishes as the depth to water table rises during high streamflow events.
Frequency of gestational malaria and maternal–neonatal outcomes, in Northwestern Colombia 2009–2020
Authors: Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch on Gestational Malaria (GM) is scarce in America's. In the few available studies in Colombia, the analysis of immunological or parasitological aspects predominates, with few analyzes of epidemiological aspects. The objectives were to determine the frequency of GM and submicroscopic infections (positive with PCR and negative with thick blood smears), to identify obstetric and malaria history associated with GM, and to describe maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with GM, in northwestern Colombia. A retrospective study with records of 825 pregnant women was conducted. qPCR and thick blood smear were performed. Frequencies were determined with 95% confidence intervals. Comparisons were made with the Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and prevalence ratios adjusted in a log-binomial model. The frequency of GM was 35.8% (95% CI 32.4–39.1) of submicroscopic infection was 16.2% (95% CI 13.7–18.8). According to the multivariable model, the subgroups with the highest frequency of GM were pregnant women without healthcare coverage (32.3%), in the third trimester of pregnancy (30.5%), nulliparous (35.6%), and with a previous diagnosis of malaria in the current pregnancy (64.0%). GM was associated with more frequency of gestational anemia, infection in neonates, and lower birth weight. The results indicate in a precise and direct way that malaria control in this northwestern region of Colombia is far from adequate, which is even more serious considering the affectations for the mother and the neonate.
The effect of angular dispersion on THz data transmission
Authors: Shrestha Rabi , Fang Zhaoji , Guerboukha Hichem , Sen Priyangshu , Hernandez-Cardoso Goretti G. , Castro-Camus Enrique , Jornet Josep M. , Mittleman Daniel M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the key distinctions between legacy low-frequency wireless systems and future THz wireless transmissions is that THz links will require high directionality, to overcome the large free-space path loss. Because of this directionality, optical phenomena become increasingly important as design considerations. A key example lies in the strong dependence of angular radiation patterns on the transmission frequency, which is manifested in many different situations including common diffraction patterns and the emission from leaky-wave apertures. As a result of this effect, the spectral bandwidth at a receiver is nonlinearly dependent on the receiver’s angular position and distance from the transmitter. In this work, we explore the implications of this type of effect by incorporating either a diffraction grating or a leaky wave antenna into a communication link. These general considerations will have significant implications for the robustness of data transmissions at high frequencies.
Retrospective detection for V-type OPNAs exposure via phosphonylation and disulfide adducts in albumin
Authors: Wang Jin , Sun Fengjuan , Lu Xiaogang , Gao Runli , Pei Chengxin , Wang Hongmei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrganophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) that damage the central nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity, pose severe threats to human health and life security. Reliable biomarkers that quickly and accurately detect OPNAs exposure are urgently needed to help diagnose quickly and treat in time. Albumins that covalently bind to OPNAs could serve as important targets for retrospective verification of OPNAs exposure. The goal of this study is to explore the potential biomarkers in albumins with high reactivity and good stability and expand the group of potential biomarkers in different species for detecting the exposure of V-type OPNAs including O-ethyl S-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX), O-isobutyl S-(2(diethylamino)ethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VR), and O-butyl S-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl) methylphosphonothioate (Vs). Taking human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit serum albumin (RSA) as the research objectives, multiple active sites including phosphonylation and disulfide adduct sites were observed in albumins from different species. Numerous phosphonylation sites labeled by all agents in one type of albumin were found. Among the different species, four shared phosphonylation sites with high reactivity include K499, K549, K249, and Y108. In addition, Y108 on ETY*GEMADCCAK, Y287 on Y*ICENQDSISSK, Y377 on TY*ETTLEK and Y164 on YLY*EIAR in HSA were stably phosphonylated by all agents in gradient concentration, making them stable and suitable potential biomarkers for V-type OPNAs exposure. Notably, Y108 on ETY*GEMADCCAK in HSA, on DTY*GDVADCCEK in RSA, and on ETY*GDMADCCEK in BSA were highly reactive to all V-type agents, regardless of species. It was also successfully labeled in HSA exposed to class V agents in gradient concentration. Y108 is expected to be used to screen and identify the exposure of V-type agents in the retrospective research. Disulfide adducts sites, consisted of four sites in HSA and two sites in BSA were also successfully labeled by V-type agents, and characteristic ion fragments from these disulfide adducts were also identified by secondary mass spectrometry. Molecular simulation of the stably modified sites were conducted to discover the promoting factors of covalent adduct formation, which help further clarify formation mechanism of albumin adducts at active sites.
Characterization of liquid products obtained from catalytic binary co-cracking of residual fuel oil with various waste plastics
Authors: Kasar Pamreishang , Ahmaruzzaman Md. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecycling polymeric waste and heavy oil residues are important for energy recovery and raw material processing. Catalytic pyrolysis is a unique technology used to generate alternative energy, and it can stands out to be one of the environmentally friendly and alternative routes for the generation of renewable energy. Limited study has been reported in the literature on the co-cracking of residual fuels with waste plastics to establish its properties and potential. In this study, we have characterized the products in liquid form resulting from the co-cracking of residual fuel oil (RFO) with plastic waste in an isothermal condition. The characterization was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR & 13C NMR), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), bomb calorimetry, and ultimate analyzer, in addition to the characterization of the flashpoint, pour point, and density. As a result of co-cracking, the liquid exhibits a significant decline in the overall molecular weight and an increase in the content of saturated aliphatic carbon and a decrease in the protonated aromatic carbons with aliphatic compounds as the primary constituent were observed from the spectra, having a pour point of 291.15–192.15 K and high calorific values between 42–45 MJ/kg. The characteristics of the liquid reveal a synergistic effect of co-cracking and demonstrate the potential of the co-cracking process of waste plastics with residual fuel to be an alternate source of energy and added-value chemical product recovery routes.
A Modified Pediatric Ranked Order Speech Perception Score to Assess Speech Recognition Development in Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Arjmandi Meisam K. , Herrmann Barbara S. , Caswell-Midwinter Benjamin , Doney Elizabeth M. , Arenberg Julie G. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
Characterizing and comparing speech recognition development in children with cochlear implants (CIs) is challenging because of variations in test type. This retrospective cohort study modified the Pediatric Ranked Order Speech Perception (PROSPER) scoring system to (a) longitudinally analyze the speech perception of children with CIs and (b) examine the role of age at CI activation, listening mode (i.e., unilateral or bilateral implantation), and interimplant interval.

Method:
Postimplantation speech recognition scores from 31 children with prelingual, severe-to-profound hearing loss who received CIs were analyzed (12 with unilateral CI [UniCI], 13 with sequential bilateral CIs [SEQ BiCIs], and six with simultaneous BiCIs). Data were extracted from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Audiology database. A version of the PROSPER score was modified to integrate the varying test types by mapping raw scores from different tests into a single score. The PROSPER scores were used to construct speech recognition growth curves of the implanted ears, which were characterized by the slope of the growth phase, the time from activation to the plateau onset, and the score at the plateau.

Results:

While speech recognition improved considerably for children following implantation, the growth rates and scores at the plateau were highly variable. In first implanted ears, later implantation was associated with poorer scores at the plateau (β = −0.15,
p
= .01), but not growth rate. The first implanted ears of children with BiCIs had better scores at the plateau than those with UniCI (β = 0.59,
p
= .02). Shorter interimplant intervals in children with SEQ BiCIs promoted faster speech recognition growth of the first implanted ears.

Conclusion:
The modified PROSPER score could be used clinically to track speech recognition development in children with CIs, to assess influencing factors, and to assist in developing and evaluating patient-specific intervention strategies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20113538
A hybrid deep and machine learning model for short‐term traffic volume forecasting of adjacent intersections
Authors: Mirzahossein Hamid , Gholampour Iman , Sajadi Sayed Reza , Zamani Amir Hossein 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite complex fluctuations, missing data, and maintenance costs of detectors, traffic volume forecasting at intersections is still a challenge. Moreover, most existing forecasting methods consider an isolated intersection instead of multiple adjacent ones. By accurately forecasting the volume of short‐term traffic, a low‐cost method can be provided to solve the problems of congestion, delay, and breakdown of detectors in the road transport system. This paper outlines a novel hybrid method based on deep learning to estimate short‐term traffic volume at three adjacent intersections. The gated recurrent unit (GRU) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) bilayer network with wavelet transform (WL) noise reduction algorithm (WL+GRU‐LSTM) are used to analyze raw traffic volume data. The WL+GRU‐LSTM is constructed by comparing different machine learning and deep learning methods. A comparative study was used to choose the model’s network structure, training technique, and optimizer type. To prove the model’s accuracy and resilience, it was compared with the leading short‐term traffic forecasting approaches. Experimental results confirm that the WL+GRU‐LSTM model can forecast complex traffic volume fluctuations in different approaches of intersections with an accuracy of over 94%. It also shows better results compared to current methods. The proposed model could replace intermediate loop detectors.
Optimal day‐ahead scheduling in micro‐grid with renewable based DGs and smart charging station of EVs using an enhanced manta‐ray foraging optimisation
Authors: Bastawy Mostafa , Ebeed Mohamed , Ali Abdelfatah , Shaaban Mostafa F. , Khan Baseem , Kamel Salah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicro‐grids (MGs) are small parts of the electrical power system that work along with the electric system or autonomously based on environmental or economic conditions. The renewable‐based distributed generators (RDGs) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are wildly incorporated in MGs. Optimal day‐ahead scheduling of the MG is ahead corner of energy management for cost reduction. In addition, solving the economic load dispatch and day‐ahead scheduling of the MG is a complex optimisation problem, especially considering the RDGs, EVCS, and uncertainties in the electrical system. This paper aims to optimise the day‐ahead scheduling of the MG with and without a smart charging strategy for electric vehicles. An enhanced manta‐ray foraging optimisation (EMRFO) algorithm is proposed to solve this optimisation problem. EMRFO depends upon boosting population diversity and the searching ability of the standard MRFO using strategies. The proposed strategies are based on quasi‐oppositional‐based learning and local chaotic mutation. The studied MG consists of wind turbines, fuel cells, and diesel generators. The day‐ahead scheduling of the MG is solved with and without considering the uncertainties of the load demand and the wind speed. The proposed algorithm for day‐ahead scheduling of the MG is compared to well‐known algorithms such as anti lion optimisation, particle swarm optimisation, whale optimisation algorithm, sine cosine algorithm, and harmony search algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to these algorithms for solving the optimisation problem. The results show that the generation cost is reduced considerably from 77,745.61 $ to 76,984.2 $ by applying the smart operation strategy.
Direct slip angle control for rotor side converter of standalone DFIG‐DC system
Authors: Fakhraee Hanif , Babaei Mojtaba , Alizadeh Mohsen , Tabrizian Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a direct slip angle control (DSAC) for rotor side power converter of standalone doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) DC systems. The conventional direct torque control (DTC) for the rotor side converter (RSC) of the standalone DFIG‐DC system is also introduced to evaluate the proposed DSAC compared to the conventional DTC method. In this regard, the proposed DSAC method is mathematically analyzed. Then, three states including output DC voltage change, wind speed change, and load change are simulated and performed for both the proposed DSAC and conventional DTC methods. Various simulations and experiments substantiate that the electromagnetic torque ripple, current harmonics, and the output DC voltage dip, caused by the sudden load‐change, are reduced in the proposed DSAC method compared to the conventional DTC method. Besides, the parameter dependency is reduced in the proposed DSAC method since the stator voltage and current sensors are removed.