bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of compliance and insight in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Hyder Shafeen , Monga Abhinav , Paisari Pradeep , Kunjumoidee Raihana Rasheed 
Published: March 2022

Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder with prevalence of 1%. The long course of illness warrants strict compliance to antipsychotic medications which is a common challenge faced by the treating psychiatrist and it affects the quality of life of the patient and the caregiver. This study aims to understand the complex relationship between insight of having the illness and compliance to medications. To study the relationship between insight and medication compliance in schizophrenia.This cross-sectional study included 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, attending the psychiatry OPD or admitted in psychiatry ward who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After taking the informed consent, the compliance and patients’ attitude towards illness and medication was assessed using Adherence to medication regimen. Insight was assessed using Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder.A total of 21 patients (42%) were fully compliant to their treatment, whereas more than half of patients had full insight into their illness (n=30, 60%). Lack of insight correlated with poor compliance. Patients with poor compliance were also less aware of the beneficial effects of the treatment. There was also a statistically significant relationship between insight, compliance and patients’ belief that medications help in keeping them in good mental health.Patients with better understanding of nature of illness and symptoms were more compliant with medications. This reinforces the role of insight facilitation along with psychoeducation of family members regarding compliance in the treatment of schizophrenia. Further exploration of patients’ and relatives' concept of illness and the treatment are needed to develop interventions to improve compliance.
Optimasi Konsentrasi Vaselin Album dan Adeps Lanae pada Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.)
Authors: Alfilaili Baiq Saomi , Hajrin Wahida , Juliantoni Yohanes 
Published: March 2022

Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti tanin, flavonoid, dan saponin. Senyawa metabolit sekunder ini berfungsi sebagai antibakteri, sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi suatu sediaan. Salah satu bentuk sediaan yang dapat dikembangkan yaitu bentuk sediaan salep. Pemilihan konsentrasi basis sangat penting karena dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik dan efektivitas sediaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi formula optimum ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan variasi konsentrasi vaselin album dan adeps lanae, serta sifat fisik dan tingkat penerimaan konsumen formula yang dinyatakan optimum. Daun kersen diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penentuan nilai optimum dilakukan menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design yang tersedia dalam software Design Expert Versi 11. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan formula salep yang optimum memiliki komposisi vaselin album dan adeps lanae sebesar 73,29 % dan 9,71%, dengan daya sebar 3,10±0,12 cm, daya lekat 6,10±0,53 detik, pH 4,78±0,08, dan nilai akseptabilitas sebesar 4,02. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula yang dinyatakan optimum memiliki sifat fisik yang memenuhi persyaratan dan disukai oleh responden.
The Impact of Combination Therapy with Rivaroxaban and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease on the Achievement of the Target for Reducing Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases of the Federal Project "Fight against Cardiovascular Diseases"
Authors: Zhuravleva M. V. , Panov A. V. , Kuksenok A. R. 
Published: March 2022

Aim. To assess the outcomes of combination therapy with rivaroxaban and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and a high risk of thrombotic events on the set targets of Ministry of Health for reduction of cardiovascular mortality in Russia.Material and methods. The development of the model for analysis in MS Excel included the following stages: calculation of the population of patients with stable CAD who can be treated with combination therapy (rivaroxaban and ASA); calculation of the number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), number of strokes and myocardial infarction (MI) in the current scenario (patients receive monotherapy with ASA) and simulated scenario (some patients switch from monotherapy to combination therapy); estimation the impact of the number of avoided cases of deaths due to combination therapy on set target for reducing CVD mortality in 2024 year; sensitivity analysis to assess the sustainability of outcomes.Results. Total number of eligible patients for combination therapy was estimated as 1.08 million patients. Based on the simulation results, it was determined that with the reallocation of patients from monotherapy with ASA to combination therapy with rivaroxaban and ASA, the number of avoided deaths in 2022 will be 973 cases, in 2023 – 1,622 cases, in 2024 – 3,245 cases, which will make it possible to reach 6.7%, 7.4% and 11.1% of the set target for reduction of mortality from CVD in the respective years. In addition, the gradual reallocation of patients from monotherapy to combination therapy might decrease the cases of stroke and MI in 973 and 649 cases by 2022, 1,622 and 1,082 cases by 2023, and 3 245 and 2 163 cases by 2024 year, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that outcomes are sustainable.Conclusion. The use of combination therapy of rivaroxaban and ASA in patients with stable CAD and high thrombotic risk will allow to achieve up to 11.1% of the set target for reduction of mortality from CVD by 2024 in Russia and can also potentially impact on another set target for reduction mortality from cerebrovascular diseases by reducing the number of strokes. Thereby, this therapy can be considered for drug provision programmes for patients with stable CAD and high thrombotic risk to fulfill the goals to reduce mortality from CVD.
Three Year Prognosis of Patients with Myocardial Infarction Depending on the Body Weight Index: Data of the Kemerovo Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry
Authors: Sedykh D. Yu. , German A. I. , Hryachkova O. N. , Kashtalap V. V. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: March 2022

Aim. To study the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the 3-year prognosis of patients after myocardial infarction (MI).Material and methods. The study is based on data from a 3-year observation of patients with MI from the Kemerovo registry of acute coronary syndrome (n=1366). The characteristics of patients with MI, distributed by the BMI, were determined, the outcomes were analyzed, the risk factors and predictors for the vascular events and mortality were identified.Results. Obesity was detected in 32.2% people with MI (I degree – 22.3%; II – 7.7%; III – 2.3%), lack of BMI at 0.5%, normal BMI at 20.5%, overweight at 46.9%. Patients with different BMI showed a comparable incidence of recurring MI. In patients with normal BMI, when compared with patients with obesity, unstable angina pectoris (UA), heart failure (HF) and strokes developed often. In patients with normal BMI compared with obese patients, fewer deaths from all causes were recorded within 3 years after MI. A similar pattern with respect to the group with normal BMI in terms of high overall mortality was obtained among patients with overweight who had a lower UA. Patients with obesity was favorable in relation to the development of HF, strokes and overall mortality than patients with overweight. Differences in the 3-year outcomes in the group of patients with MI and underweight were not found when compared with patients with normal and overweight, however, they had a higher of strokes compared with patients with obesity. At patients with I degree obesity within 3 years after MI UA, HF, strokes were less. Patients with III degree obesity, the maximum frequency of total mortality was recorded. The development of death from all causes during the observation period in patients with MI and obesity was associated with: male, smoking, multivessel arterial diseases, non-endovascular reperfusion, acute HF with MI, history of vascular events and angina pectoris; whereas with overweight: multifocal atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension; with a deficit of BMI: non-reperfusion; with normal BMI: heredity for cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation.Conclusion. 3 years after MI patients with obesity of the I degree are less likely than patients with obesity of II-III deaths from all causes are recorded; these patients are less likely than patients with normal weight to develop strokes, HF, UA. Thus, patients with MI and the presence of I degree obesity are characterized by better survival during 3 years of observation.
Arterial Stiffness Parameters and Subendocardial Viability Ratio in Patients with Arterial Hypertension Affected by Subclinical and Clinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gumerova V. E. , Gomonova V. V. , Sayganov S. A. 
Published: March 2022

Aim. Assessment the arteries' stiffness parameters and subendocardial viability ratio in hypertensive patients with various degrees of severity of the atherosclerotic process manifestation.Material and methods. 133 hypertensive patients were divided into 3 groups, similar in age and sex, depending on the severity of the atherosclerotic process: hypertensive patients without atherosclerosis (n=42; 53.3±7.6 years); patients with hypertension and subclinical atherosclerosis (SА) (n=52; 56.5±8.0 years); patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=39; 57.4±6.8years) and control group which consisted of individuals without cardiovascular diseases (n=33; 54.6±8.4 years). All participants underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with assessment of arterial stiffness parameters and subendocardial viability ratio (SERV).Results. Subjects from all groups with hypertension have significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (131.1±11.9, 127.8±14.8, 128.6±15.3 respectively; p<0.001), as well as central systolic blood pressure (SBPao) (122.0±11.0, 118.8±12.7, 119.9±13.3 respectively; p<0.001), pulse pressure (PP) (46.4±9.8, 45.6±10.6, 48.9±12.0 respectively; p<0.05) and central pulse pressure (PPao) (35.5±8.5, 34.9±8.5, 38.5±9.6 respectively; p<0.05), pulse wave velocity in aorta (PWVao) (11.3±1.5, 12.3±1.8, 11.5±1.7 respectively; p<0.05) compared with control group (SBP 116.3±7.3; SBPao 108.9±6.4, PP 39.9±6.5, PPao 30.9±5.4, PWVao 10.4±1.3). In hypertensive patients with SA, PWVao was significantly higher compared to other groups (p<0.05). With bringing the indicator to SBP 100 mmHg and HR=60 beats/min, there were no differences between the control group and the group with hypertension (p=0.3), also groups with hypertension+SA and hypertension+CAD did not significantly differ from each other (p=0.6). SERV in subjects with hypertension+SA was significantly lower than in patients with hypertension (p<0.05) and no significant differences were detected with the group with hypertension+CAD (p=0.77).Conclusions. In hypertensive patients with SA, a decrease in subendocardial perfusion is associated with an increase in pulse wave velocity in aorta. Moreover, such a decrease in perfusion approaches to the values of patients suffering from coronary artery disease, which indicates significant changes in the small vessels of the heart that form the coronary reserve.
Polyphyllin VII is a Potential Drug Targeting CD44 Positive Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhu Ye , Fu Fei , Wang Zhongyu , Qiu Fen , Deng Ting , Du Boyu , Zhu Yunhe , Xi Xueyan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Current therapies for colon cancer are hindered by treatment failure and recurrence,
mainly due to colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, treatment using drugs targeting CSCs
should be effective in eliminating colon cancer cells and impeding cancer recurrence.

Objective:
This study aimed to test if PPVII can be a potent drug candidate for the treatment of colon
cancer by targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.

Methods:
In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by
TCGA/GTEX database analysis and immunohistochemical staining.

Results:
In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by
TCGA/GTEX database analysis. CD44 had high accuracy as a diagnostic and predictive index for colorectal
cancer through receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. At the same time, survival
curve analysis also showed that the high expression of CD44 was associated with poor prognosis
in patients with colon cancer. CD44’s higher expression in colon cancer tissues was further confirmed
by immunohistochemical staining; the positive rate of CD44 expression was 87.95%. Then, one of the
constituents that derives from the root of Paris polyphylla, Polyphyllin VII (PPVII), has been confirmed
to inhibit the migration of colon cancer cells. Our results also demonstrated that PPVII could
inhibit the sphere-forming ability of colon cancer cells. Further experiment results showed that PPVII
could downregulate the expression of CD44 in colon cancer cells. In addition, PPVII was proved to
have inhibitory effects against CD44 positive colon cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Therefore, PPVII might be a potent candidate reagent for the treatment of colon cancer by
targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
Genus Zanthoxylum as Sources of Drugs for Treatment of Tropical Parasitic
Diseases
Authors: Mallya Rashmi , Patil Kunal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
The tropical parasitic infections account to more than 2 billion infections and cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and accounts to several million deaths every year. Majorly parasitic infections in humans and animals are caused by protozoa and helminths. Chronic infections in host can cause retardation, impairment of cognitive skills, development in young children and weaken the immune system. The burden is felt to a greater extent in developing countries due to poverty, inaccessibility to medicines and resistance observed to drugs. Thus, human health continues to be severely harmed by parasitic infections. Medicinal plants have received much attention as alternative sources of drugs. Zanthoxylum genus has been used ethnobotanically as an antiparasitic agent and the phytoconstituents in Zanthoxylum, show wide variety of chemical substances with proven pharmacological actions such as alkaloids (isoquinolines and quinolines responsible for antitumor activity, antimalarial, antioxidant and antimicrobial actions), lignans, coumarins (antibacterial, antitumour, vasodilatory and anticoagulant activities), alkamide (strong insecticidal properties, anthelminthic, antitussive and analgesic anti antimalarial property). Therefore, this article is an attempt to review the existing literature that emphasizes on potential of genus Zanthoxylum as source of lead compounds for treatment of parasitic diseases.
Does Fluid Administration Based on Fluid Responsiveness Tests such as
Passive Leg Raising Improve Outcomes in Sepsis?
Authors: Nugent Kenneth , Berdine Gilbert , Pena Camilo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
The management of sepsis requires the rapid administration of fluid to support blood
pressure and tissue perfusion. Guidelines suggest that patients should receive 30 ml per kg of fluid
over the first one to three hours of management. The next concern is to determine which patients
need additional fluid. This introduces the concept of fluid responsiveness, defined by an increase
in cardiac output following the administration of a fluid bolus. Dynamic tests, measuring cardiac
output, identify fluid responders better than static tests. Passive leg raising tests provide an alternative
approach to determine fluid responsiveness without administering fluid. However, one small
randomized trial demonstrated that patients managed with frequent passive leg raising tests had a
smaller net fluid balance at 72 hours and reduced requirements for renal replacement therapy and
mechanical ventilation, but no change in mortality. A meta-analysis including 4 randomized control
trials reported that resuscitation guided by fluid responsiveness does not improve mortality
outcomes in patients with sepsis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the early administration of
norepinephrine may improve outcomes in patients with sepsis. The concept of fluid responsiveness
helps clinicians analyze the clinical status of patients, but this information must be integrated into
the overall management of the patient. This review considers the use and benefit of fluid responsiveness
tests to direct fluid administration in patients with sepsis.
Abrogating Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Strategy Against Parkinson’s Disease: A Mini Review of the Recent Advances on Natural Therapeutic Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Theofanous Thekla , Kourti Malamati 
Published: March 2022

Background:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cell signaling when maintained at low concentrations. However, when ROS production exceeds the neutralizing capacity of endogenous antioxidants, oxidative stress is observed, which has been shown to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a progressive disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the striatum, which leads to motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the complex interplay of mechanisms responsible is yet to be fully understood, oxidative stress was found to be positively associated with PD. Despite active research, currently proposed regimens mainly focus on regulating dopamine metabolism within the brain, even though these treatments have shown limited long-term efficacy and several side effects. Due to the implication of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PD, natural antioxidant compounds have attracted interest as potential therapeutics over the last years, with a more favorable anticipated safety profile due to their natural origin. Therefore, natural antioxidants are currently being explored as promising anti-PD agents.Objective:In this mini-review, emphasis was given to presently studied natural antioxidant and neuroprotective agents that have shown positive results in PD animal models.Methods:For this purpose, recent scientific articles were reviewed and discussed, with the aim to highlight the most up-to-date advances on PD treatment strategies related to oxidative stress.Results:A plethora of natural compounds are actively being explored against PD, including kaemferol, icaritin, artemisinin, and α-bisabolol, with promising results. Most of these compounds have shown adequate neuroprotective ability along with redox balance restoration, normalized mitochondrial function, and limitation of oxidative damage.Conclusion:In conclusion, natural antioxidants may be the way forward to novel treatments against PD when the limitations of correct dosing and appropriate combinations are resolved.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening to Identify Negative Allosteric Modulators of NMDA
Authors: Sherwani Zaid Anis , Khalil Ruqaiya , Nur-e-Alam Mohammad , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Ul-Haq Zaheer 
Published: March 2022

Background:NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor is one of the ionotropic receptor subtypes of glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain. Besides physiological roles in learning and memory, neuronal plasticity and somatosensory function NMDAR overstimulation are also implicated in a pathophysiological mechanism of ‘excitotoxicity.’ In this study, an allosteric site has been focused on to design inhibitors of the most abundant form of this receptor of utility in many acute (stroke, traumatic brain injury) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and others.Methods:In order to target this specific site at the interdimer interface of the ligand-binding domain of GluN2A-containing NMDA-Rs, blood-brain barrier-permeable potentially therapeutic compounds, as opposed to only pharmacological tools currently available, were sought. Pharmacophorebased virtual screening, docking, computational ADME prediction techniques, and MD simulation studies were used.Results:Proceeding through the in-silico methodology, the study was successful at reaching 5 compounds from ChEMBL Database, which were predicted to be potential NMDA inhibitor drugs.Conclusion:The products of the study are compounds that have been validated through pharmacophore and score-based screening and MD simulation techniques to be allosterically inhibiting NMDA receptors and with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. They are likely to be therapeutic agents ready for in-vitro and in-vivo testing.
Herbal Phytomedicine ‘Irisolidone’ in Chronic Diseases: Biological
Efficacy and Pharmacological Activity
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Plant-derived products have been used in medicine as a source of
bioactive molecules, mainly due to their medicinal importance and therapeutic potential.
Nowadays, plant derived products have been used in the medicine for the development of
novel drug leads. Polyphenols are an important class of secondary metabolites found to be
present in plants and their derived products. Polyphenols play an important role in the nutrition
of human beings and also have a significant role in plant resistance against pests and
diseases. Scientific studies have proven the biological importance of flavonoids in medicine
and other allied health sectors. Anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory,
anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-allergic activities are the important pharmacological features
of flavonoids. Irisolidone is an important isoflavone found to be present in Pueraria lobata
flowers.

Methods:
To know the medicinal importance and therapeutic potential of irisolidone in the
medicine, numerous scientific research data have been collected from Google, Google
Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. Pharmacological activity data of irisolidone
has been collected and analyzed in the present works to know their health beneficial aspects
in the medicine. Detailed pharmacological activities of irisolidone have been investigated
through scientific data analysis of scientific research works.

Results:
Scientific research data analysis of irisolidone revealed the anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic,
anti-cancer, anti-platelet, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, immunomodulating,
hepatoprotective and estrogenic potential. However, the biological effect of irisolidone on
the gastric system, aldose reductase enzymes, malignant gliomas, and JC virus has also been
investigated. Scientific data analysis revealed the significance of analytical tools for the separation
and identification of irisolidone.

Conclusion:
Present work signified the biological importance and therapeutic potential of
irisolidone in medicine.