bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Hospitality to this German stranger’
Authors: Belle Marie-Alice 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The article examines religious translations associated with communities of German-speaking refugees in mid-seventeenth-century Britain, namely: a mystical treatise circulating among the non-conformist Family of Love, and the writings of Jacob Böhme, which enjoyed a surprisingly wide reception in English print. The discussion focuses on the textual-material features of these texts, as they represent tangible traces of the activities of seventeenth-century networks connecting German-speaking exiles, English translators, and their many intermediaries. The printed books record the circulation of those texts across dissident communities, but also their passage from clandestine manuscripts to widely-distributed printed texts, and the transformations that accompany their dissemination on the English book market. By examining together the discursive, textual, and material features of these translations, this essay foregrounds the importance of combining descriptive translation studies and book studies as complementary approaches when documenting early modern histories of cultural transfer, displacement and exile.
Chaos in spatially homogeneous Hořava–Lifshitz subcritical cosmologies
Authors: Lappicy Phillipo , Daniel Victor Hugo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We consider spatially homogeneous models in Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity that perturbs general relativity (GR) by a parameter v ∈ (0, 1) such that GR occurs at v = 1/2. We prove that the induced Kasner map is chaotic for a broad class of modified HL gravity models, when v ∈ (0, 1/2), despite the fact that the Kasner map is multi-valued in such subcritical regime.
Operation-mode recognition of surface microdischarge based on visible image and deep learning
Authors: Lu Chen , Peng Tao , Xiong Zilan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Discharging images contain useful information regarding the operation mode of surface microdischarge (SMD). To solve the shortcomings of low efficiency, high cost, and long operation time of existing SMD operation-mode recognition methods, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep learning is introduced herein. The visible image library of SMD at different applied voltages, dielectric sheets with different dielectric constants, and dielectric sheets with different thicknesses and exposure times are constructed using a digital camera. The typical structure of a CNN is discussed, and the hyperparameters, including the number of network layers, convolution kernel size, number of neurons in the fully connected layer, and activation function type that affect the recognition accuracy of the CNN are investigated. The optimal structure of the CNN for the SMD operation-mode recognition is obtained via training. The recognition accuracy of the CNN is compared with those of three traditional machine learning methods: support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF). Test results show that the recognition accuracy based on the CNN is 99.745%, which is better than those of the SVM, DT, and RF. Finally, an SMD operation-mode online recognition method based on the CNN is proposed.
Crystal structure evolution in the van der Waals vanadium trihalides
Authors: Kratochvílová Marie , Doležal Petr , Hovančík Dávid , Pospíšil Jiří , Bendová Anežka , Dušek Michal , Holý Václav , Sechovský Vladimír 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Most transition-metal trihalides are dimorphic. The representative chromium-based triad, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, is characterized by the low-temperature (LT) phase adopting the trigonal BiI3-type while the structure of the high-temperature (HT) phase is monoclinic of AlCl3 type (C2/m). The structural transition between the two crystallographic phases is of the first-order type with large thermal hysteresis in CrCl3 and CrI3. We studied crystal structures and structural phase transitions of vanadium-based counterparts VCl3, VBr3, and VI3 by measuring specific heat, magnetization, and x-ray diffraction as functions of temperature and observed an inverse situation. In these cases, the HT phase has a higher symmetry while the LT structure reveals a lower symmetry. The structural phase transition between them shows no measurable hysteresis in contrast to CrX3. Possible relations of the evolution of the ratio c/a of the unit cell parameters, types of crystal structures, and nature of the structural transitions in V and Cr trihalides are discussed.
Simulations of DNA denaturation dynamics under constrained conditions
Authors: Al Qanobi A , Marenduzzo D , Ali I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamics of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) denaturation using Brownian dynamics simulations. We use a coarse-grained single nucleotide model for dsDNA which considers the helix structure. We compare the melting dynamics for free DNA of length 300 base pairs with that of a DNA of the same length but fixed from one end—mimicking DNA tethered to a substrate. We find that free DNA melts at faster rate because the entropic gain associated with denaturation is larger. Additionally, we insert the DNA in nanochannels of different widths to study the influence of the confinement on the melting dynamics. Our results suggest that there is no significant difference in the critical temperature or rate of melting when the channel width

⩾

R

g

/
2

, where R
g is the radius of gyration of DNA. Instead, at channel width of R
g/4 we only see partial denaturation at the free DNA melting temperature. Surprisingly, this trend is reversed at higher temperature, and we find that at 110 °C tight confinement results in faster melting. This is due to the fact that confinement promotes segregation of the single-stranded segment, thereby acting as an effective entropic force aiding denaturation.
Feasibility of home-based tracking of insulin resistance from vascular stiffness estimated from the photoplethysmographic finger pulse waveform
Authors: Koppula Aditya , Asif Abdur Rehman , Barra Ram Reddy , Sridharan Kousik Sarathy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective.In this study we explored the utility of post-prandial vascular stiffness as a surrogate measure for estimating insulin resistance, which is a pre-diabetic condition.Approach.A cohort of 51 healthy young adults with varying body mass index (BMI) values was studied using fasting plasma values of insulin and glucose, fasting and post-meal finger photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR2) using fasting plasma insulin and glucose. Vascular stiffness was estimated by reciprocal of pulse arrival time (rPAT) from ECG and finger PPG at five time points from fasting to 2 h post-oral glucose ingestion. We examined if insulin resistance correlates with meal-induced vascular stiffness changes, supporting the feasibility of using finger PPG to estimate insulin resistance.Main results.HOMA-IR2 was positively correlated with an early rise (0 to 30 min post-meal) and delayed fall (30 to 120 min post-meal) of rPAT. Correlation persisted even after the effect of BMI has been partialled out in subgroup analysis. We conclude that finger PPG-based pulse waveform and single-lead ECG has the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for the assessment of insulin resistance.Significance.As both signals, namely ECG and PPG, can be easily acquired using wearable and other low-cost sensing systems, the present study can serve as a pointer to develop accessible strategies for monitoring and longitudinal tracking of insulin resistance in health and pathophysiological states.
Energy exchange modulation for selective control of gas temperature and electron number density in cold atmospheric plasmas
Authors: Li Jing , Fang Chuan , Chen Jian , Li He-Ping , Wang Zhi-Bin , Nie Qiu-Yue , Guo Heng , Zhao Xiang , Zhao Lu-Xiang , Zhang Yu , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Selective control of the key parameters of the cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) is crucial for diverse applications ranging from materials processing, clinical medicine to clean energy generation. In particular, the low gas temperature (T
g) and high electron number density (n
e) are both critical for obtaining high treatment efficiency of heat-sensitive materials, yet are challenging to achieve because of the very frequent species collision nature in CAPs. In this paper, selective control of T
g and n
e in a helium CAP driven by a radio-frequency power supply and operated in an open environment is achieved successfully for the first time numerically and experimentally with the quasi-independent variation windows from −33.7 °C to 49.5 °C (i.e. 239.3 to 322.5 K) for T
g and from 2.7 × 1016 to 6.3 × 1016 m−3 for n
e. This result has expanded the key CAP parameter windows significantly into a previously unachievable domain. The further theoretical analysis of the energy transfer and balance based on the ‘energy tree’ concept and numerical modeling reveals the unique non-equilibrium energy transfer channel allowing selective control of T
g and n
e. This energy transfer channel is enabled by the two ‘valves’, one for controlling the energy deposition from the external circuit to the discharge cell (valve 1), and another one for controlling the energy exchange between the discharge cell and the environment (valve 2). Our conceptual approach and proof-of-principle demonstration open a new way for the active and selective control of the key CAP parameters, which will be quite important for designing CAP sources with specific requirements and for advancing or even creating new CAP applications in the future.
Enabling highly-efficient OLED with solution-processed nanocrystalline copper phthalocyanine hole-injection/transport layer
Authors: Mohan Vinay , Agrawal Niraj , Gautam A K , Kapse V M , Sazid Md , Rizvi N Z 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report solution-processed nanocrystalline copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a hole-injection/transport layer used to maintain efficient hole injection and transport into the emissive layer. The efficacies and efficiencies of the devices with nanocrystalline CuPc hole-transport layer and control device fabricated poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are investigated. As a result, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing the CuPc layer exhibits maximum efficiencies such as a power efficiency (PEmax) of 46.7 lmW−1 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.1% along with a current efficiency (CEmax) of 44.1 cdA−1, which are expressively improved as comparing with PEDOT:PSS based control device. We also observed changes in PEmax from 32.1 to 39.7 lmW−1, CEmax from 40.3 to 51.7 cdA−1 and EQEmax from 13.0 to 16.2% in thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter based OLEDs as PEDOT:PSS is replaced with CuPC. This enhancement in all OLED device performance may be attributed to the decreased hole injection barrier at the anode and emissive layer interface. Furthermore, CuPC has been incorporated as a p-type channel to fabricate thin-film transistors (TFTs). CuPC possesses good mobility as comparing with PEDOT:PSS. We believe that the CuPc layer is a promising candidate to achieve high-performance next-generation OLEDs for lighting applications and TFTs.
Exploring the exemplary structural, electronic, optical, and elastic nature of inorganic ternary cubic XBaF3 (X = Al and Tl) employing the accurate TB-mBJ approach
Authors: Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir , Khan Rajwali , Sohail Mohammad , Khan Abid Ali , Elansary Hosam O , El-Abedin Tarek K Zin , Mahmoud Eman A , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A M , Khan Aurangzeb 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This research presents the structural, optical, elastic, and electronic properties of cubic Barium-based halide-Perovskites in combination with Al and Tl elements of the form XBaF3 (X = Al and Tl). The density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof and the Trans-Blaha modified Becke Johnson (TB-mBJ) approximation are employed for the consideration of exchange-correlation effects. Structurally these compounds are found to be cubic with a space group of Pm-3 m (#221). The computed band’s structure with TB-mBJ confers precise electronic properties of these materials as it is a precise and accurate approximation for bands structure prediction. The computation of bands structure for both the materials reveals a semiconducting nature having a direct bandgap from X to X (X-point in the reciprocal lattice space to X-symmetry points), having values lying from 0 eV at Fermi level to 3.75 eV for TlBaF3 and 4.36 eV for AlBaF3. The total and partial densities of states, as well as their contribution to the different bands, are investigated and evaluated, i.e. total density of state and partial density of state are exploited. The IRelast package is used to calculate the elastic constants of these crystals, with cubic symmetries, which can then be used to explore elastic and mechanical characteristics. Elastic properties show that the compounds of interest are mechanically stable, anisotropic, and ductile. Besides this, due to the high value of shear modulus ‘G,’ these materials demonstrate resistance to plastic deformation. It is noticed that these compounds are transparent for incident photons based on their optical properties. Based on these interesting investigations of different physical properties for XBaF3 (X = Al and Tl), we have selected these materials and to our best understanding, this is the first comprehensive theoretical computation of these compounds which presents structural, optical, electronic, and elastic properties that have yet to be confirmed experimentally.
Reduction of V-pit density and depth in InGaN semibulk templates and improved LED performance with insertion of high temperature semibulk layers
Authors: Routh E L , Abdelhamid M , Colter P C , Bonner A J , El-Masry N A , Bedair S M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Highly relaxed InGaN templates with an effective In-content of ∼10% that exhibit reduced V-pit density and an improved surface roughness are reported using the semibulk (SB) growth approach. This was achieved by the insertion of five period high temperature SB (HTSB) InGaN SB regions. This report demonstrates that better quality InGaN templates can be achieved by the insertion of HTSB within the templates, rather than by ending the templates with a superlattice structure or by refilling the pits with GaN interlayers. Three SB samples were grown with and without the HTSB layers. Using secondary-ion mass spectrometry, photoluminescence, and x-ray diffraction, the effective In-content of the templates was determined to be 9.6%, 5.8%, and 8.7%. Using atomic force microscopy, the surface roughness was found to improve from 4.4 to 1.7 nm by using the two HTSB regions, and the average V-pit density and depth improved from 7.6 × 10−7 to 4.5 × 10−7 cm−2 and 8.2 to 2.8 nm, respectively. Also, the maximum V-pit depth was reduced from about 30.5 nm to about 9.6 nm in the sample with the HTSB regions. Two LEDs were studied, one with both HTSB regions, and one with only the topmost HTSB. The optical power density of the LED with both HTSB regions was 1.4 times higher at the peak injection current, displayed a ∼1.3 times higher external quantum efficiency peak, and a delay of the EQE droop onset. These results show that higher In-content SB templates can be improved with the implementation of a modified growth approach.
Modeling, analysis and design optimizations of an axial-type piezoelectric energy generator for optimal output
Authors: Haldkar Rakesh Kumar , Cherpakov Alexander V , Parinov Ivan A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the optimal design of axial-based piezoelectric generators. The optimization problem is solved for the combination of the two different types of poling piezo elements used and the total cumulative voltage output. The task is to optimize the design in such a way as to obtain the optimal output voltage for a given mechanical excitation. The Piezoelectric Energy Generators (PEGs) have two domains—active and passive domains. The optimization process is divided into several steps, which significantly reduces the number of calculations. This paper is focused on the optimization process in the passive domain, that increases the output voltage for given mechanical excitation. In the optimization, the process can be developed for specific operating conditions, various lengths of duralumin base plate, the various position of proof mass, and different applied acceleration. It has been modeled and analyzed for axial-based piezoelectric generators. The maximum voltage and power are observed 11.64 V and 1355 µw at 633 Hz, respectively, when the length of the duralumin base plate is 150 mm and 5 m s−2 acceleration. The analysis of this study can guide the passive domain optimization of PEGs to meet desired purposes of energy harvesting.
Design and analysis of a d33 mode piezoelectric energy generator for vehicle braking system
Authors: Xiao Yu , Ji Qingxiang , Karnaoukh Sviatoslaw , Wang Changguo , Wu Nan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A novel piezoelectric energy generator embedded in vehicle brake pads and excited by magnetic repulsion is developed. The generator is made of a cylindrical magnet and a piezoelectric stack. The generators are mounted on the backing plate of the brake pad through the perforated friction layer. Slotted brake rotor with embedded magnets is equipped to ensure the braking performance of the vehicle. During the braking process with slotted brake rotor, dynamic magnetic repulsion will be generated when the overlapping area of the embedded magnets in the brake pad and brake rotor is changing. The magnetic repulsion is generated when two magnets are close to each other, and the force is proportionally changing with the overlapping area of the two magnets. As a result of repulsion between the magnets, the piezoelectric stack will experience compressive forces, creating an electrical charge for generating energy. To illustrate the voltage generation, a mathematical model with experimental verification is established to calculate the electric charge and output voltage considering the charge dissipation. The energy harvesting process is evaluated by simulating the transient charging of the storage capacitor through the diode bridge, which was experimentally validated in literature. The influences of the dimensional and material properties of the piezoelectric stack, the vehicle speed, the magnetic repulsion, the diameter of the magnetic actuator, the capacitance of the storage capacitor and the distance between rotor center to the actuator on the root mean square (RMS) of the charging power are discussed. A total RMS power of 0.0710 W can be achieved with thirty-six generators embedded in both the inner and the outer brake pads within one brake caliper using APC850 (PZT4) material, and a total RMS power of 1.1226 W can be achieved using PMN-PT-B (PT = 0.3–0.33) material at 120 km h−1 speed of the vehicle. This novel generator will be useful for efficient and practical energy harvesting applications during vehicle braking process.
Study on mechanical properties of an isotropic negative Poisson’s ratio Voronoi foam and its foam-filled tube
Authors: Li Dong , Shen Guoyang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on a modified Voronoi tessellation technique, a series of isotropic negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) Voronoi foam models were proposed via finite element method (FEM). And the proposed models were prepared by reverse modeling method. Poisson’s ratio and stress–strain relationship of the proposed models were studied via FEM and experimental method. Results showed that the structure exhibited NPR and isotropic behavior. With the increased of the relative density of the model, the absolute value of Poisson’s ratio decreased gradually. The results of FEM and experiment showed good consistency. Then, a foam-filled structure was built by filling the proposed NPR Voronoi foam into a square tube. And its energy absorption ability was studied and compared with an isotropic chiral lattice foam-filled tube. Results showed that the energy absorption ability of the proposed NPR Voronoi foam-filled structure was 11% higher than that of the isotropic NPR chiral lattice foam-filled tube with the same relative density. The research was expected to be meaningful for the further research and application of the isotropic NPR foam.
Viterbi decoding of CRES signals in Project 8
Authors: Ashtari Esfahani A , Bogorad Z , Böser S , Buzinsky N , Claessens C , de Viveiros L , Fertl M , Formaggio J A , Gladstone L , Grando M , Guigue M , Hartse J , Heeger K M , Huyan X , Johnston J , Jones A M , Kazkaz K , LaRoque B H , Li M , Lindman A , Matthé C , Mohiuddin R , Monreal B , Nikkel J A , Novitski E , Oblath N S , Peña J I , Pettus W , Reimann R , Robertson R G H , Rybka G , Saldaña L , Schram M , Slocum P L , Stachurska J , Sun Y-H , Surukuchi P T , Telles A B , Thomas F , Thomas M , Thümmler T , Tvrznikova L , Van De Pontseele W , VanDevender B A , Weiss T E , Wendler T , Zayas E , Ziegler A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is a modern approach for determining charged particle energies via high-precision frequency measurements of the emitted cyclotron radiation. For CRES experiments with gas within the fiducial volume, signal and noise dynamics can be modelled by a hidden Markov model. We introduce a novel application of the Viterbi algorithm in order to derive informational limits on the optimal detection of cyclotron radiation signals in this class of gas-filled CRES experiments, thereby providing concrete limits from which future reconstruction algorithms, as well as detector designs, can be constrained. The validity of the resultant decision rules is confirmed using both Monte Carlo and Project 8 data.
The Dirac paradox in 1 + 1 dimensions and its realization with spin–orbit coupled nanowires
Authors: Gogin Leonid , Rossi Lorenzo , Rossi Fausto , Dolcini Fabrizio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
At the interface between two massless Dirac models with opposite helicity a paradoxical situation arises: a transversally impinging electron can seemingly neither be transmitted nor reflected, due to the locking between spin and momentum. Here we investigate this paradox in one spatial dimension where, differently from higher dimensional realizations, electrons cannot leak along the interface. We show that models involving only massless Dirac modes lead to either no solutions or to trivial solutions to the paradox, depending on how the helicity change across the interface is modeled. However, non trivial scattering solutions to the paradox are shown to exist when additional massive Dirac modes are taken into account. Although these modes carry no current for energies within their gap, their interface coupling with the massless modes can induce a finite and tunable transmission. Finally, we show that such massless + massive Dirac model can be realized in suitably gated spin–orbit coupled nanowires exposed to an external Zeeman field, where the transmission coefficient can be controlled electrically.