bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host transcriptomic signatures of tuberculosis can predict immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients
Authors: Mbandi Stanley Kimbung , Painter Hannah , Penn‐Nicholson Adam , Toefy Asma , Erasmus Mzwandile , Hanekom Willem A. , Scriba Thomas J. , Lai Rachel P.J. , Marais Suzaan , Fletcher Helen A. , Meintjes Graeme , Wilkinson Robert J. , Cotton Mark F. , Pahwa Savita , Cameron Mark J. , Nemes Elisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) can be a complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with advanced HIV, but its pathogenesis is uncertain. In tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries, IRIS is often associated with mycobacterial infections or Bacille‐Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccination in children. With no predictive or confirmatory tests at present, IRIS remains a diagnosis of exclusion.We tested whether RISK6 and Sweeney3, validated immune‐based blood transcriptomic signatures for TB, could predict or diagnose IRIS in HIV+ children and adults.Transcripts were measured by RT‐qPCR in BCG‐vaccinated children and by microarray in HIV+ adults with TB including TB meningitis (TBM). Signature scores before ART initiation and up to IRIS diagnosis were compared between participants who did or did not develop IRIS.In children, RISK6 and Sweeney3 discriminated IRIS cases from non‐IRIS controls before ART, and at diagnosis. In adults with TB, RISK6 discriminated IRIS cases from controls after half‐week on ART and at TB‐IRIS onset. In adults with TBM, only Sweeney3 discriminated IRIS cases from controls before ART, while both signatures distinguished cases from controls at TB‐IRIS onset.Parsimonious whole blood transcriptomic signatures for TB showed potential to predict and diagnose IRIS in HIV+ children and adults.
Variation in the utilization of medical devices across Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands: A multilevel approach
Authors: Rabbe Stefan , Möllenkamp Meilin , Pongiglione Benedetta , Blommestein Hedwig , Wetzelaer Pim , Heine Renaud , Schreyögg Jonas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVariation in healthcare utilization has been discussed extensively, with many studies showing that variation exists, but fewer studies investigating the underlying factors. In our study, we used a logistic multilevel‐model at the patient, hospital, and regional levels to investigate (i) the levels to which variation could be attributed and (ii) the hospital and regional factors associated with treatment decisions. To do so, we used hospital discharge records for the years 2012–2016 in Germany and Italy and for 2014–2016 in the Netherlands combined with hospital and regional characteristics in nine case studies. We used a theoretical framework to categorize these case studies into effective, preference‐sensitive, and supply‐sensitive care. Our results suggest that most variation in the treatment decision can be attributed to the hospital level (e.g., case volume), whereas only a minor part is explained by regional characteristics. Italy had the highest share attributable to the regional level, whereas the Netherlands had the lowest. We observed less variation for procedures in the effective‐care category compared to the preference‐ and supply‐sensitive categories. Although our results were heterogeneous, we identified patterns in line with the theoretical framework for treatment categories, underlining the need to address variation differently depending on the category in question.
P53 deficiency affects cholesterol esterification to exacerbate hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Zhu Yahui , Gu Li , Lin Xi , Zhou Xinyi , Lu Bingjun , Liu Cheng , Li Yajun , Prochownik Edward V. , Karin Michael , Wang Fubing , Li Youjun 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:
Cholesterol ester (CE) biosynthesis and homeostasis play critical roles in many cancers, including HCC, but their exact mechanistic contributions to HCC disease development require further study.

Approach and Results:
Here, we report on a proposed role of tumor suppressor P53 in its repressing ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 19 (USP19) and sterol O‐acyltransferase (SOAT) 1, which maintains CE homeostasis. USP19 enhances cholesterol esterification and contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis (HCG) by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SOAT1. Loss of either SOAT1 or USP19 dramatically attenuates cholesterol esterification and HCG in P53‐deficient mice fed with either a normal chow diet or a high‐cholesterol, high‐fat diet (HCHFD). SOAT1 inhibitor avasimibe has more inhibitory effect on HCC progression in HCHFD‐maintained P53‐deficient mice when compared to the inhibitors of de novo cholesterol synthesis. Consistent with our findings in the mouse model, the P53‐USP19‐SOAT1 signaling axis is also dysregulated in human HCCs.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SOAT1 participates in HCG by increasing cholesterol esterification, thus indicating that SOAT1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in P53‐deficient HCC.
Host‐related factors and cancer: Malnutrition and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Mancuso Salvatrice , Mattana Marta , Santoro Marco , Carlisi Melania , Buscemi Silvio , Siragusa Sergio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAssessment of host‐related factors is a crucial aspect in the comprehensive management of cancer patients. A distinct nutritional disturbance linked to cancer has been recognized to be associated with negative outcomes. However, compared to solid tumors, only a limited number of studies have looked specifically at nutritional issues in the field of lymphoma. The aim of this review is to integrate the current knowledge on interactions between malnutrition and lymphoma and address most relevant and pertinent questions. We first provide a literature review on the mutual biological relationship between malnutrition and lymphoma. Next, we explore the overlap between malnutrition, sarcopenia, cachexia and frailty in lymphoma studies. In addition, we summarize the clinical assessment scales used to measure malnutrition in lymphoma subjects. Furthermore, we address the problem of nutritional interventions aimed at patients who are candidates for treatment for lymphoma. Malnutrition can arise as a consequence of lymphoma disease and can in turn promote lymphomagenesis, negatively affect the response to therapy and favor adverse event to treatment. There is increasing evidence that malnutrition, sarcopenia and cachexia in lymphoma are intimately inter‐related and are a hallmark of frailty. A variety of different tools are recorded with the apparent ability to describe nutritional status and to impact prognosis in lymphoma patients. Finally, a network of prognostic host‐ and disease‐related factors is proposed where malnutrition can interact with each other in complex ways.
Leadership development programs for healthcare professionals in low‐and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: MacKechnie Madeline C. , Miclau Theodore A. , Cordero Daniella M. , Tahir Peggy , Miclau Theodore 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeadership development programs are integral to the future success of public health and healthcare organisations. Despite low‐and middle‐income countries (LMICs) bearing a greater burden of unmet medical needs, fewer professional development opportunities exist in these settings. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of available leadership development programs for healthcare professionals in LMICs.MethodsThis study conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis‐P systematic review and traditional meta‐analyses guidelines. Articles were identified through five academic databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC, and Business Source Complete. Eligibility criteria included original research published in peer‐reviewed journals on non‐clinical, leadership development programs offered to healthcare professionals in LMICs worldwide.ResultsForty‐one peer‐reviewed articles met inclusion criteria, of which physicians, nurses, and public health professionals were the most common types of providers to attend leadership development programs; no programs exclusively targeted surgeons. The greatest proportion of programs were short‐term interventions (ranging from 1 day to 12 weeks). Communication, organizational structure and leadership, and personal development were identified as the three most common leadership themes in the review. Regionally, leadership programs were reported most commonly in Africa, specifically in Anglophone countries. Other regions worldwide, including Latin America and the Caribbean, were underrepresented in the review.ConclusionsThe findings from this review identify gaps in leadership development programs for certain groups of healthcare professionals from certain geographical regions, supporting the need for further provision of and participation in these opportunities in LMICs.
A quick and easy access to a series of thiocyanated enaminones and 2‐iminothiazolones using PIDA under mild conditions
Authors: Matsui Daiki , Tanimori Shinji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of thiocyanated enaminones and 2‐iminothiazolones have been synthesized using PIDA as an oxidant with Brønsted acid under the mild reaction conditions starting from the acyclic and cyclic enaminones. Direct synthesis of 2‐iminothiazolones have also been achieved by treating alkali solution after thiocyanation in a one‐pot manner.
Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and in vitro sustained release behaviour of co‐encapsulated liposomes as vehicle for vitamin E and β‐carotene
Authors: Xu Tiantian , Zhang Jingwen , Jin Risheng , Cheng Rong , Wang Xiaonan , Yuan Chuanxun , Gan Changsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study the potential of liposomes as a vitamin E (VE) and β‐carotene (βC) delivery system was examined. The co‐encapsulated liposomes of βC and VE (L‐VE‐βC) were prepared and characterized. Their antioxidant properties were evaluated by free radical scavenging activities of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation assay. The in vitro sustained release behaviour was then investigated and discussed.RESULTSVE and βC were co‐encapsulated in liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency, up to 92.49% and 86.16% for βC and VE, respectively. The antioxidant activities of L‐VE‐βC samples were significantly higher than that of single loaded liposome. Among different ratios of VE/βC, L‐VE‐βC at 5:3 exhibited the highest radical scavenging rates, with 66.80%, 56.58% and 34.39% for DPPH, ABTS and OH radical, respectively. L‐VE‐βC samples also had a good ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, especially the sample with ratios of VE/βC at 5:3 and 3:1. In simulated gastrointestinal release, L‐VE‐βC exhibited an excellent sustained release behaviour in SGF with the accumulated rate at about 20%, while the release rate in SIF increased to over 80%, where they should be absorbed. The release kinetics analysis indicated that βC was released in the Higuchi model in stomach, and the Korsmeyr–Peppas model in intestine.CONCLUSIONCompared to single loaded liposomes, the combined‐loaded liposomes exhibited higher antioxidant activity and bioavailability, suggesting the potential applications in functional foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of crossflow microfiltration on aroma and sensory profiles of a potential functional citrus‐based food
Authors: Hammad Imane , Dornier Manuel , Lebrun Marc , Maraval Isabelle , Poucheret Patrick , Dhuique‐Mayer Claudie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitrus juices can be cold‐concentrated by crossflow microfiltration (CMF) in order to obtain functional foods enriched in carotenoids, flavonoids and pectins. The work aimed to characterize the organoleptic quality of this type of micronutrient‐dense foods through their aroma profile and sensory analysis. Two citrus concentrates with and without a diafiltration step were compared.RESULTSBoth citrus products were very different, linked to aroma compound, sugar and organic acid contents. Due to its sugar/acidity balance and its better aromatic profile responsible for the citrus–floral flavour, the concentrate without diafiltration was preferred by the sensory panel. Thanks to a simple transfer model, we showed that retention of volatiles clearly varied from one aroma compound to another. The terpene hydrocarbons were the most retained by the membrane during CMF, probably because they were strongly associated with insoluble solids by adsorption.CONCLUSIONEven though the process modified their organoleptic profiles, both citrus‐based products were well rated and can be consumed directly as pleasant functional drinks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Crop year, harvest date and clone effects on fruit characteristics, chemical composition and olive oil stability from an Empeltre clonal selection grown in Aragon
Authors: Rey‐Giménez Raquel , Sánchez‐Gimeno A. Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the effects of crop year, harvest date and clone on the fruit characteristics and chemical composition of Empeltre olive oils were evaluated. For this purpose, the weight and oil content of fruit and the fatty acid composition, polyphenol content and oxidative stability of the olive oil was analysed throughout ripening during three successive seasons.RESULTSThe weight and moisture in the fruit, as well as the fatty acids and polyphenol content in the olive oil, were mainly affected by crop year. In contrast, the stability was strongly influenced by the harvest date. Both factors had an influence on the fruit's oil content. The clone was not a substantial component in terms of variability, although the interaction with crop year was notable for some of the characteristics. The oil content increased significantly along with the harvest date and reached maximum values in the last period (44.9%). Conversely, stability and polyphenols decreased significantly (depending on the year, by 30–70%) from October to December, reaching the highest mean values between 1 October and 10 November (15.5 h; 500 mg caffeic acid kg−1). Oleic acid and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA) did not show significant differences depending on the harvest date, but between years, with 2018 having the highest percentage of oleic acid (72.72%) and MUFA/PUFA (8.38).CONCLUSIONEarly harvesting of Empeltre olives would provide considerably more stable olive oils, regardless of the clone selected, with higher phenolic content. It would not affect the MUFA/PUFA ratio, mainly influenced by the crop year. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Technical note: Tracking target/chest relationship changes during motion‐synchronized tomotherapy treatments
Authors: Ferris William S. , Culberson Wesley S. , Bayouth John E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadixact Synchrony® is an intrafraction motion tracking system for helical tomotherapy treatments that uses kV radiographs of the target and LEDs on the patient's chest to synchronize the movement of the radiation beam with the respiratory motion of the target. Several works have demonstrated Synchrony's ability to track target motion when the chest and target motions are perfectly correlated.PurposeThe purpose of this work was to determine Synchrony's ability to accurately adapt to scenarios with a changing target/chest correlation.MethodsA custom ion chamber mimicking plug with embedded fiducials was placed inside a Delta4 Phantom+ and used as the tracking object. A separate motion stage was programmed to mimic chest motion. The target and chest surrogate phantom were programmed to move sinusoidally and two types of target/chest relationship changes were introduced: rigid shifts and linear drifts of the target position but not surrogate position. Tracking analysis was performed by comparing programmed phantom motion to log files of the Synchrony‐modeled motion. No dosimetry was performed in this work.ResultsAt the fastest imaging rate of 2 s/img, Synchrony accurately adapted for gradual drifts in the target location (up to 5 mm/min) with minor increases in tracking errors and adapted for an abrupt 5 mm shift after about 30 s (with an auto‐pause threshold at 60 s). When the imaging period was longer (> 4 s/img), larger tracking errors (> 5 mm) were observed, and the treatment would be paused. The measured delta (MD) parameter (2D target localization error on the most recent image) was found to be a more responsive indicator of tracking errors than the potential difference (PD) parameter (3D estimator of tracking error based on all images in the model). Lastly, the effect of a recent update to the tracking algorithm was found to improve the ability of Synchrony to track target/chest relationship changes.ConclusionsThis work demonstrated that Synchrony can adapt to gradual changes (drifts) in the target/chest relationship, but it takes a finite amount of time to adapt to abrupt shifts. Ability to adapt to these changes increases with increasing imaging frequency. Larger tracking errors were observed in this work than others have reported in the literature due to the introduction of target/chest correlation changes in this work. Future work needs to be performed investigating what type and magnitude of target/chest miscorrelations occur in patients. Lastly, users should ensure they are using the most recent software (3.0.1 or newer) to improve the ability of Synchrony to track these movements.
Effect of two boron compounds on smoke‐suppression and flame‐retardant properties for rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhao Siheng , Shan Hao , Qian Lijun , Wang Jingyu , Xin Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work was to improve the smoke‐suppression performance and flame‐retardant effect of a phosphorus‐based bifunctional flame retardant (PDEP)/expandable graphite (EG) binary flame‐retardant system by incorporating two boron‐containing inorganic compounds, zinc borate and boron phosphate (BP), into rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). The results revealed that both the boron‐containing inorganic compounds inhibited smoke/heat release of retardant RPUF by accelerating the crosslinking and char forming of the material to promote phosphorus retention in the solid phase. In particular, when 2% BP replaced the same amount of PDEP, the total smoke release value of the RPUF/2%BP/10%PDEP/8%EG (2B10P8E) sample decreased by 30.0% compared with the RPUF/12%PDEP/8%EG (12P8E) sample. This lifted smoke‐suppressive performance mainly due to the existence of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on BP, which can accelerate the dehydration and crosslinking of hydroxyl in compounds, thus resulting in more phosphorus‐oxygen components retained in the condensed phase, effectively inhibiting the smoke/heat release of the composites. The addition of BP balanced the bi‐phase flame‐retardant effects of RPUF systems containing phosphorus‐based flame retardant due to a strong catalytically charring effect. Thus, the flame‐retardant efficiency was also greatly improved. The smoke‐suppressive and flame‐retardant modes of action of the ternary system was evaluated by experiments using TGA Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM, energy dispersive spectrometry, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Improving the interface of carbon‐fibre‐reinforced poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) composites with fibre surface coating: a review
Authors: Ren Tianning , Zhu Guangming , Zhang Chengshuang , Hou Xiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a high‐performance thermoplastic polymer, poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (PEEK) has excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties; it is widely used in the aerospace field. However, PEEK has high viscosity, high processing temperature and poor fluidity in the molten state. In preparing carbon fibre (CF)/PEEK composites, poor impregnation performance will occur, resulting in high porosity and poor mechanical properties of the CF/PEEK composites. This mini‐review focuses on improving the interface of the CF/PEEK composite by coating the CF surface and introduces the preparation of CF/PEEK composites by coating CF with a resin‐based sizing agent, a mixed sizing agent and nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the properties of CF/PEEK composites prepared by different coating methods are compared. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes for the sustainable management of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize
Authors: Patil Jagadeesh , Linga Vaddar , Vijayakumar Rangaswamy , Subaharan Kesavan , Navik Omprakash , Bakthavatsalam Nandagopal , Mhatre Priyank Hanuman , Sekhar Javaji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Asia was reported for the first time from Karnataka in 2018. This pest is widely distributed in India, causing significant damage to maize. Management of this recent invasive pest in maize‐growing regions of India relies on chemical control. Resistance is the greatest obstacle to the successful use of chemical insecticides to control this pest. Indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides destroys beneficial natural enemies, therefore effective and sustainable alternative control strategies are needed. In this case, the use of biological control agents is the alternative option to mitigate this pest. Thus, this study aimed to select virulent entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) isolates based on the laboratory assay and further to test the efficacy of virulent isolates in the field conditions along with commonly used chemical insecticide emamectin benzoate against S. frugiperda.RESULTSLaboratory results revealed that both Heterorhabditis indica 1 NBAIIH38 and Steinernema carpocapsae NBAIRS59 caused 100% mortality in third‐ and fourth‐instar larvae of S. frugiperda, while these two species caused 85% and 72% mortality in pupae, respectively. When pupae of S. frugiperda were exposed to EPNs, pupae died after metamorphosis to malformed adults. All the nematode species were able to penetrate and reproduce within S. frugiperda larvae, but the reproduction rate for Heterorhabditids was higher than that of Steinernematids. Field trial results showed that H. indica 1 NBAIIH38 significantly reduced the number of larvae and leaf damage scores compared to S. carpocapsae NBAIRS59. Emamectin benzoate was more effective in reducing the larval population compared to EPN species. The cob yield was significantly higher in EPN‐ and emamectin benzoate‐treated plots than in untreated control plots.CONCLUSIONOverall, these experiments suggest H. indica 1 NBAIIH38 is a promising biocontrol agent against S. frugiperda in maize production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.