bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External ear anatomy and variations in neonates
Authors: Erdem Saadet , Fazliogullari Zeliha , Ural Ahmet , Karabulut Ahmet Kagan , Unver Dogan Nadire 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is aesthetically important that the auricle has a natural and beautiful shape. The sizes, position and symmetry of normal auricle are used for different purposes in different disciplines. A deformation in the auricle of neonates and its size or location on the face may indicate a possible anomaly. The aim of this study is to investigate the normal sizes, anomaly types, anomaly rates and the relationship between hearing screening test results and auricular anomaly of the neonatal auricle. The length, width, angle, and distance measurements of the auricle were made in neonates (n = 550). Anomaly types of auricle were observed. Goniometer was used to measure angles; digital caliper and ruler were used to measure lengths. Anomalies were detected by the method of observation. In the morphometric data of the neonatal auricle, differences were determined in length and width values in terms of gender. Various types of anomalies were observed in the right ear of 96 participants and in the left ear of 103 participants. Normal auricle size, position and symmetry are important for surgical reconstructions, hearing aid design, producing data banks on gender, age and ethnicity, and providing reference information for multiple diagnostic and forensic procedures. Recognition and early detection of auricular anomalies play an essential role in clinical diagnosis and their correction with special devices.
Children and Society Policy Review—A review of government consultation processes when engaging with children and young people about the statutory guidance for Relationships and Sex Education in schools in England
Authors: Setty Emily , Dobson Emma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the participation of children and young people within government consultation processes. It considers the recent Department for Education consultation on its statutory guidance for schools for Relationships and Sex Education in England. The paper is based on a Freedom of Information request for the consultation responses categorised as from ‘young people’. We identify two issues in our interrogation of the data. First, there is evidence that a substantial proportion of responses were not submitted by young people. Second, the consultation approach did not include all the features necessary for meaningful consultation. We consider the implications for the youth consultation on policy matters that affect them.
Impact of duration of mechanical support on heart transplantation: Hasty transplantation may not have a good long‐term outcome
Authors: Yu Sz‐Han , Chou Heng‐Wen , Wang Chih‐Hsien , Tsao Chuan‐I , Fu Hsun‐Yi , Chen Kevin Po‐Hsun , Chi Nai‐Hsin , Huang Shu‐Chien , Chou Nai‐Kuan , Hsu Ron‐Bin , Yu Hsi‐Yu , Lin Jou‐Wei , Chen Yih‐Sharng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMechanical circulatory support (MCS) has been widely utilized in critically ill cardiac transplant candidates. Few studies have investigated the impact of duration of MCS before heart transplantation (HTx) on long‐term patient survival.MethodsA retrospective HTx database was reviewed between 2009 and 2019. Patients who did not or did undergo MCS before HTx were categorized into two groups: (1) A (did not) and (2) B (did), respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the cutoff level of MCS duration before HTx in evaluating 5‐year survival.ResultA total of 270 HTx patients (group A: 120, group B: 150) were analyzed. Group B patients had a higher percentage of blood type O, a higher incidence of resuscitation, a shorter listing duration, and a higher likelihood of having United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) 1A status than group A. The ROC curve revealed 24 days as a good cut‐off level for determining the best MCS before HTx timing. Group B was categorized into two subgroups: (1) B1 (MCS < 24 days, n = 65) and (2) B2 (MCS > 24 days, n = 85). B2 had a higher incidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), hemodialysis, longer waiting time after MCS, and better ventricular assist device implantation than B1. However, the survival curves showed that B1 outcomes were significantly worse than in groups A and B2. Groups A and B2 had similar survival curves without an increased incidence of infection.ConclusionThe preliminary data demonstrated that a longer duration of MCS may be associated with better outcomes than urgent HTx.
Large intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix with absent ductus venosus: The undeniable etiology of fetal heart failure despite associated congenital heart disease
Authors: Rakha Shaimaa , Mohamed Alhussein Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix (IUVV) is one of the rare anomalies of the umbilical vessels that simulate a cystic structure but with a vascular nature. IUVV usually drains into IVC through ductus venosus (DV), with evidence of an increase in the cardiac preload in most cases. In the current report, we present a fetus with congenital heart disease; however, the association of large IUVV with DV agenesis and direct drainage into the heart resulted in a high output fetal heart failure.
Discrepancy between biomarkers of lung injury and 1‐year mortality in COVID‐19
Authors: Atalay Basak , Cesur Abdurrahman , Agirbasli Mehmet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 global pandemic started in late 2019 with the first wave. In this cross‐sectional and observational study, we evaluated the associations between the biomarkers, COVID‐19 pneumonia severity and 1‐year mortality.MethodsA sample of 276 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive patients for SARS‐CoV‐2 was included. Computerized tomography severity score (CT‐SS) was used to assess the severity of COVID‐19 pneumonia in 222 cases. Multivariate analyses were performed to find the predictors of CT‐SS, severe CT‐SS (≥20) and 1‐year mortality. Biomarkers of ferritin, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin (cTn), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), uric acid (UA) and d‐dimer were routinely measured.ResultsSevere CT‐SS (>20) was observed in 86 (31.2%) cases. Mortality was observed in 75 (27.2%) patients at 1 year. LDH displayed the highest predictive accuracy for severe CT‐SS (AUC 0.741, sensitivity = 81% and specificity = 68%, cut‐off value: 360 mg/dl). Linear regression analysis displayed that LDH predicted CT‐SS [B = 11 (95% CI for B = 5–17, p < .001)]. Age was the most significant parameter that was associated with severe CT‐SS (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99, p = .015). d‐dimer was the only biomarker that predicted with 1‐year mortality (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.08–2.42, p = .020).ConclusionLDH is a sensitive and specific biomarker to determine patients with severe lung injury in COVID‐19. d‐dimer is the only biomarker that predicts 1‐year mortality. Neither LDH nor CT‐SS is associated with 1‐year mortality.
Ökumenische Rundschau
Authors: Heller Dagmar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article reviews the history of Ökumenische Rundschau, an ecumenical journal founded in Germany in 1952. It examines the journal's relationship to the church landscape in Germany as well as its links to the worldwide ecumenical movement and the World Council of Churches. The article reviews the institutional development of the journal and the themes and content of the journal over the years.
Depressive symptoms, family cohesion, and acculturation gap conflicts among Latinx emerging adults living in the United States
Authors: Rahman Abir , Sanchez Mariana , Bursac Zoran , Whiting Chanadra Young , Piña‐Watson Brandy , Taskin Tanjila , Ramirez‐Ortiz Daisy , Leinaar Edward , Estrada Yannine , Lozano Alyssa , Nehme Lea , Cano Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined associations of family cohesion and acculturation gap conflicts with depressive symptoms, as well as the moderation effect of family cohesion on the association between acculturation gap conflicts and depressive symptoms among Latinx emerging adults.BackgroundIn addition to normative developmental stressors (e.g., making long‐term career decisions), many Latinx emerging adults face additional sociocultural stressors (acculturative stress, ethnic discrimination) that put them at risk of experiencing adverse psychological outcomes. However, acculturation gap conflicts have not been examined much in this population.MethodData from a cross‐sectional survey were collected from 200 participants from Arizona (n = 99) and Florida (n = 101). Hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted to examine the association between acculturation gap conflicts and depressive symptoms and the moderating effects of family cohesion of that respective association.ResultsHigher family cohesion was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Conversely, higher acculturation gap conflicts were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses indicated that family cohesion moderated the association between acculturation gap conflicts and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study adds to the limited literature on acculturation gap conflicts among Latinx emerging adults and advances our understanding of the role of family cohesion as a modifiable moderator.ImplicationsIt is critical to identify culturally relevant and modifiable determinants that can have beneficial or adverse associations with the mental health of Latinx emerging adults. Findings from this study have the potential to inform intervention for mental health targeting Latinx emerging adults.
Fatigue strength and fracture characteristics of linear friction welded joints of weathering mild steel
Authors: Wang Yixun , Tsutsumi Seiichiro , Kawakubo Takumi , Fujii Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWeathering steel with high phosphorus content usually cannot be joined by fusion welding due to the possible solidification crack. The present study successfully joined the unweldable weathering steel SPA‐H by linear friction welding (LFW) above the A3 temperature. The microstructure, microhardness, and residual stress were measured and analyzed. The stress concentration factor (SCF) of LFW joints was assessed by the finite element method (FEM). The influence of flash on the fatigue strength and fracture characteristics was investigated. The results suggest that the weld center zone (WCZ) consisting of ferrite and bainite shows a necking shape. The ductile fracture of LFW joints occurred at the base metal, resulting in a joint efficiency close to 100%. The possible unbonded flash at the edge of the LFW joints greatly reduced the fatigue life. The proposed S‐N curve illustrates a much higher fatigue strength than the FAT90 design curve.
Long‐term trends and seasonal variation in host density, temperature, and nutrients differentially affect chytrid fungi parasitising lake phytoplankton
Authors: Gsell Alena S. , Wolinska Justyna , Preuß Katrin , Teurlincx Sven , Özkundakci Deniz , Hilt Sabine , van Donk Ellen , Ibelings Bas W. , Adrian Rita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Parasites are generally considered the most commonly occurring type of consumers, yet their biomass and population dynamics are rarely quantified at community level.

Here, we used 12 years of weekly or fortnightly monitoring data (518 time points) to determine the occurrence of chytrids, fungal parasites of phytoplankton, to assess their seasonality and long‐term (seasonally‐detrended) dynamics in the pelagic plankton community of a temperate, eutrophic, and polymictic lake.

Chytrid infections were observed in c. 75% of all samples with recurrent infections in multiple host taxa. Infection prevalence was highest in spring, but infections occurred throughout the entire year with an average of 2.3 host taxa infected per time point (ranging from 0 to 10 host taxa) and an average infection prevalence of 2.78% (ranging from 0% to 47.35%). Infected host biomass equalled that of the carnivorous zooplankton and decreased over time, while infection prevalence remained unchanged. Seasonal infection prevalence increased with phytoplankton biomass, but decreased with increasing temperature and phosphorus concentrations, reflecting that peak prevalence occurred in spring when temperature and phosphorus concentrations were relatively low. In contrast, seasonally‐detrended prevalence increased with temperature, but decreased with increasing phosphorus concentrations.

Chytrids are a common component of the pelagic plankton community with sizeable biomass and removing an—at times—substantial proportion of the primary production, challenging the long‐standing underrepresentation of parasites in ecological studies.

Chytrids responded differentially to seasonal variation and long‐term trends in host density, water temperature and nutrient availability, highlighting the need to disentangle seasonal signals from long‐term changes.
Health‐related quality of life among adults with haemophilia in China: A comparison with age‐matched general population
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Xie Shitong , Xue Feng , Liu Wei , Chen Lingling , Zhang Lei , Wu Jing , Yang Renchi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionEvaluating health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is vital for informing the improvement of the overall health of people with haemophilia (PwH). While there is lacking such data in China and comparisons with the general population.AimTo evaluate the HRQoL and its associated factors among adults with haemophilia, and compare it with a sample of the general population in China.MethodsPwH were recruited in this study using telephone‐based interviews. Demographic and clinical characteristics were first collected. HRQoL was then evaluated using the self‐reported Short Form 6‐dimensions version 2 (SF‐6Dv2) instrument. An age and gender‐matched sample of the general population in China was also included as the comparator group. Linear regression was used to assess the association between the SF‐6Dv2 utility value and the demographic and clinical variables of the patients.ResultsThis study included 206 PwH (mean [SD] age: 41.36 [14.48] years) and 206 respondents from the general population. PwH reported worse levels in physical functioning, role limitation, social functioning, and mental health dimensions on SF‐6Dv2 than the general respondents. The mean (SD) utility of patients was .650 (.251), which was significantly lower than the general respondents (.786 [.183],P < .001). Being a student, having a higher monthly income, absence of comorbidities, having no target joints and requiring no treatment are independent predictors of a higher HRQoL for PwH.ConclusionThis study provides the first practical evidence of a significantly lower level of HRQoL in PwH than in the general population in China.
Quantitative assessment of changes in skeletal muscle injury by computer‐aided analysis based on two‐dimensional ultrasonography combined with contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and estimated by a modified semi‐quantitative scoring system: An experimental study in a contusion model
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Huang Hejing , Xu Qi , Pan Qian , Guo Jia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential application of computer‐aided analysis in the quantitative assessment of changes in skeletal muscle injury in the rabbit contusion model. Forty healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control (n = 5) and contusion (n = 35) groups. Rabbits in the contusion group were used to construct a muscle contusion model induced by a hammer hitting the right gastrocnemius, while the muscles of rabbits in the control group were non‐injured. Two‐dimensional ultrasound (2D US) and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) were performed on the rabbits that had received skeletal muscle contusion injury at 1 h, and 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injury. Afterwards, a multiscale blob feature (MBF) method was used to extract the textural features from the 2D US, and the muscle injuries were quantitatively evaluated. The eight textural parameters of skeletal muscle analysed by MBF at 1 h, and 1, 3 and 7 days post‐injury were found to be significantly higher in the contusion group than in the control group (p < .05). On Day 14, the textural parameters (e.g., greyscale mean [Mean], greyscale standard deviation [SDev], number of blobs, average size of blobs, homogeneity of distribution, periodicity of distribution [POD] and irregularity) were also evidently higher in the contusion group than in the control group (p < .05). On Day 28, Mean, SDev and POD in the contusion group were markedly higher (p < .05). After that, the microcirculation in the injured areas increased from Day 7 to Day 21 after injury, but decreased on Day 28 after injury. Thus the quantitative assessment of changes in skeletal muscle injury (SMI) using computer‐aided analysis allowed us to describe the geometric features of injured muscle fibres and the microperfusion changes estimated by the modified semi‐quantitative scoring system. This provides a scientific basis for the development of a novel approach for the evaluation of SMI and rehabilitation process.
Fabrication, physicochemical stability and gastrointestinal fate of curcumin‐loaded nanoemulsions stabilised by bovine serum albumin‐glucose conjugates with different degree of glycation
Authors: Fu Jing‐Jing , Fu Dong‐Wen , Zhang Guang‐Yao , Sun Cong , Tang Yue , Shao Zhen‐Wen , Xu Xian‐Bing , Song Liang 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBovine serum albumin (BSA) and BSA‐glucose Maillard conjugate with different degree of glycation (GBSAI and GBSAII) were used as emulsifiers to stabilised curcumin (CUR)‐loaded oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions were stabilised by BSA with greater degree of glycation (BSA < GBSAI < GBSAII) resulting in smaller Z‐average diameter, higher zeta potential and higher encapsulation efficiency. The GBSA (especially GBSAII) conjugates significantly improved the environmental stability of nanoemulsions and enhanced the CUR retention rate during long‐time storage at 4 and 25 °C. Furthermore, BSA with a higher degree of glycation (GBSAII) was more efficiently promoted the formation of mixed micelles, thereby improving the stability and bioaccessibility of encapsulated CUR during in vitro digestion. The advantages of GBSAII‐stabilised nanoemulsions may provide a better option for efficient protection and delivery of hydrophobic ingredients.
Allele‐specific knockouts reveal a role for apontic‐like in the evolutionary loss of larval melanin pigmentation in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Tomihara Kenta , Andolfatto Peter , Kiuchi Takashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its wild progenitor, B. mandarina, are extensively studied as a model case of the evolutionary process of domestication. A conspicuous difference between these species is the dramatic reduction in melanin pigmentation in both larval and adult B. mori. Here we evaluate the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockouts of pigment‐related genes as a tool to understand their potential contributions to domestication‐associated melanin pigmentation loss in B. mori. To demonstrate the efficacy of targeted knockouts in B. mandarina, we generated a homozygous CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockout of yellow‐y. In yellow‐y knockout mutants, black body colour became lighter throughout the larval, pupal and adult stages, confirming a role for this gene in melanin pigment formation. Further, we performed allele‐specific CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockouts of the pigment‐related transcription factor, apontic‐like (apt‐like) in B. mori × B. mandarina F1 hybrid individuals which exhibit B. mandarina‐like larval pigmentation. Knockout of the B. mandarina allele of apt‐like in F1 embryos results in white patches on the dorsal integument of larvae, whereas corresponding knockouts of the B. mori allele consistently exhibit normal F1 larval pigmentation. These results demonstrate a contribution of apt‐like to the evolution of reduced melanin pigmentation in B. mori. Together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted knockouts as a tool for understanding the genetic basis of traits associated with B. mori domestication.
Vaccines, adjuvants and key factors for mucosal immune response
Authors: Correa Victor Araujo , Portilho Amanda Izeli , De Gaspari Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVaccines are the most effective tool to control infectious diseases, which provoke significant morbidity and mortality rates. Most vaccines are administered through the parenteral route and can elicit a robust systemic humoral response, but they induce a weak T‐cell‐mediated immunity and are poor inducers of mucosal protection. Considering that most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, a vaccine that elicits protection in the first site of contact between the host and the pathogen is promising. However, despite the advantages of mucosal vaccines as good options to confer protection on the mucosal surface, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently approved. In this review, we discuss the impact of vaccine administration in different mucosal surfaces; how appropriate adjuvants enhance the induction of protective mucosal immunity and other factors that can influence the mucosal immune response to vaccines.
Keap1 moderates the transcription of virus induced genes through G9a‐GLP and NFκB p50 recruitment
Authors: Burns Veronica Elizabeth , Kerppola Tom Klaus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCells must control genes that are induced by virus infection to mitigate deleterious consequences of inflammation. We investigated the mechanisms whereby Keap1 moderates the transcription of genes that are induced by Sendai virus infection in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Keap1−/− deletions increased the transcription of virus induced genes independently of Nrf2. Keap1 moderated early virus induced gene transcription. Virus infection induced Keap1 to bind Ifnb1, Tnf and Il6, and reduced Keap1 binding at Cdkn1a and Ccng1. Virus infection induced G9a‐GLP and NFκB p50 recruitment, and H3K9me2 deposition. Keap1−/− deletions eliminated G9a‐GLP and NFκB p50 recruitment, and H3K9me2 deposition, but they did not affect NFκB p65, IRF3 or cJun recruitment. G9a‐GLP inhibitors (BIX01294, MS012, BRD4770) enhanced virus induced gene transcription in MEFs with intact Keap1, but not in MEFs with Keap1−/− deletions. G9a‐GLP inhibitors augmented Keap1 binding to virus induced genes in infected MEFs, and to cell cycle genes in uninfected MEFs. G9a‐GLP inhibitors augmented NFκB subunit recruitment in MEFs with intact Keap1. G9a‐GLP inhibitors stabilized Keap1 retention in permeabilized MEFs. G9a‐GLP lysine methyltransferase activity was required for Keap1 to moderate transcription, and it moderated Keap1 binding to chromatin. The interdependent effects of Keap1 and G9a‐GLP on the recruitment of each other and on the moderation of virus induced gene transcription constitute a feedback circuit. Keap1 and the electrophile tBHQ reduced virus induced gene transcription through different mechanisms, and they regulated the recruitment of different NFκB subunits. Characterization of the mechanisms whereby Keap1, G9a‐GLP and NFκB p50 moderate virus induced gene transcription can facilitate the development of immunomodulatory agents.