bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase Level in Pre-Menopausal And Post-Menopausal Women With And Without Periodontitis. A Biochemical Study.
Authors: Dr GD awadhiya Dr Neha Awadhiya , Kalburgi Veena 
Published: May 2022

Introduction- Alkaline phosphatase is an intracellular destruction enzyme in the periodontium, and it takes part in the normal turnover of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and root cementum formation and maintenance.
Aim- The aim of this case control study was to evaluate the enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) level in saliva of post menopausal women with and without chronic periodontitis.
Materials and Methods- This study includes 48 samples of pre and post menopausal females. All the subjects were selected from the Department of Periodontology, Peoples College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Bhopal. The study participants were divided into 4 groups, Group A: 12 pre- menopausal women without periodontitis with systemically healthy, Group B : 12 post-menopausal women without periodontitis with systemically healthy, Group C: 12 pre- menopausal women with periodontitis and systemically healthy, Group D: 12 post- menopausal women with periodontitis and systemically healthy. Clinical parameters assessed were Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). Unstimulated salivary samples were obtained in which the ALP concentration was measured using p-Nitrophenylphosphate, and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol reagents in Beckman and Coulter, AU 480 auto analyser. Mann-Whitney U test was used to find statistical difference with respect to all clinical parameters such as PI, GI, CAL, PPD and salivary ALP levels.
Result – The result of the present study showed considerably higher salivary ALP levels in post menopausal women with chronic periodontitis compared to other groups.
Conclusion -The present study suggest that the presence of ALP levels is not simply a reflection of the local inflammatory state in females but their estrogen levels may possibly influence bone destruction in periodontitis.
Subjective and Quantifiable Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Punjab Population
Authors: Jaswinder Kaur  , Ashima Bali  , Sumit  , Neha  , Salvina Grewal  , Yashoodeep Singh  
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: - Palatal Rugae are irregular, asymmetric ridges of mucous membrane extending laterally from incisive papillae and anterior part of palatal raphe. Palatal rugae patterns are relatively unique to individuals and are well protected by lips, buccal pad of fat and teeth.
Aims & Objectives: - The aim of the study was to identify pattern of palatal rugae in terms of number, size, and shape and also to compare rugae patterns in males and females of Punjab population.
Materials & Methods: - A total of 280 maxillary casts that were randomly collected and were examined using graphite pencil and magnifying glass under adequate light with equal number of males & females. Statistical analysis was done by T-test using SPSS software version 20.
Results: - The mean rugae were found to be more in females than males. Most prevalent form on basis of shape is found to be straight and on basis of size is primary form. Statistically, significant values were found in curved and secondary type, both more in females than males.
Conclusion: - Palatal rugae pattern is definitely a sufficient characteristic to discriminate between the genders. The present study highlighted the prevalence of palatal rugae in individuals of Punjab population. It is unique to an individual and can be used successfully in identification.
Efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride mouth rinses in patients with plaque induced gingivitis: Double blinded randomised case control study.
Authors: Razi Mohammed Ahsan , Annapurna Ahuja  , Seema Qamar  , Ankit Mahajan  , Pooja Mittal  
Published: May 2022

Aims: The study aims at making a comparative study of two commercially available mouth rinses, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride for assessing their efficacy as an antiplaque agent in patient with plaque induced gingivitis.
Methods and Material:
In double-blinded experimental study forty-five patients with dental plaque induced gingivitis, divided into 3 groups of 15 patients each, were advised 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) and distilled water as a mouth rinses respectively. Clinical parameters viz, Plaque Index, Modified Gingival Index and Gingival Bleeding Index were assessed (day 0, 5,10 and15). Microbial count was also assessed from the collected plaque samples (at day 0 and on day 15). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was also done.
Statistical analysis used: One- way ANOVA with post hoc test using Tukey, Paired- t test, Mann-Whitney U test, The Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test
Results:
There was significant difference in mean plaque index between the different groups. There was a significant reduction in plaque index for 0.2% CHX The mean modified gingival index was higher in group belonging to 0.1% OCT compared to 0.2% CHX that was statistically significant (p = 0.005). Similarly, the mean gingival bleeding index was significantly higher in group belonging to 0.1% OCT compared to 0.2% CHX (p = 0.005). On day 15 change in the microbial count was statistically significant for 0.2% CHX (p = 0.026).and 0.1% OCT (p = 0.001).
Conclusions:
The antimicrobial and antiplaque efficacy (in vivo and in vitro) of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride containing mouth rinse was comparatively higher than that containing 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate thereby demonstrating the former's potential usefulness in controlling plaque and gingivitis.
Response of carbon budget to climate change of the alpine meadow in Gannan using the CENTURY model
Authors: Nkrumah Teddy , Meiling Zhang , Stephen Nazieh , Xingyu Wang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Alpine meadows have become particularly vulnerable to climate change. Variations in precipitation and temperature affect the ecological production of a region. The matrices for ecosystem change include net primary production (NPP), net photosynthesis (PsnNet), and net ecosystem production (NEP), of which NEP is the most important. Using the CENTURY model for alpine meadows, we investigated the response of NEP to climate change from 1969 to 2018 in Gannan, Gansu Province, China. The distribution pattern of NEP in Gannan was simulated with the model. The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to analyze the interannual variation of NEP for the individual counties and the entire study area over a 50-year period. The results showed the annual NEP distribution pattern varied widely in the region, with the highest NEP values in the southeastern part while the northwestern part showed the lowest. The highest NEP was measured in summer with sufficient precipitation and higher temperatures, whereas the lowest values occurred in winter. The total carbon sequestered in the Gannan alpine meadow over the last 50 years was 43580.9 gC, with the average annual NEP of the alpine meadow being approximately 813.62 gC m−2 year−1. Due to the combined effects of precipitation and temperature variations, NEP exhibits significant seasonal and interannual variations. The simulated NEP values of the seven counties fluctuated over the last 50 years, with each county showing an upward trend and the simulated NEP in the entire Gannan area also showing a clear upward trend that mutated around the year 1990. Both precipitation and temperature were found to be significantly and positively correlated with NEP. Precipitation was a significant driving factor, while temperature interacted with precipitation on the carbon budget. The carbon budget in the alpine meadow was stabilized by increasing precipitation and temperature. Estimates from NEP were in satisfactory correlation with measurements (r2=0.74, n=25 at p&lt;0.01). Our findings provide preliminary understanding of the carbon budget and climatic feedback in Gannan alpine meadows which will help to predict carbon fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere and the impacts of climate change.
Lino Ciccone, Trudne spotkania w konfesjonale. Trzydzieści problemów sumienia, tłum. Krzysztof Stopa, Wydawnictwo Serafin, Kraków 2019, ss. 209.
Authors: Kućko Wojciech 
Published: May 2022

Sakrament pokuty i pojednania jest jedną z płaszczyzn życia Kościoła katolickiego, w której można jak w soczewce dostrzec wiele problemów i trudności obecnych czasów, jak i ludzi w nich żyjących. Postmodernizm i szerząca się w świecie zachodnim rewolucja seksualna bardzo mocno uderzyły w sakrament pokuty, w którym człowiek wierzący konfrontuje swoje postępowanie we własnym sumieniu z obiektywnymi normami prawa Bożego. Utrata poczucia grzechu w wielu społeczeństwach niemal całkowicie zniweczyła to, co przez wieki było duchową siłą Kościoła – powstawanie z grzechów dzięki rozgrzeszeniu sakramentalnemu, połączone z zadośćuczynieniem i naprawą krzywd grzechów, które zawsze mają konsekwencje w życiu indywidualnym i wspólnotowym.
W tym kontekście jako bardzo użyteczna i potrzebna jawi się publikacja Lino Cicconego, zmarłego w 2014 r. włoskiego teologa moralisty, bioetyka i badacza problematyki sumienia, zatytułowana Trudne spotkania w konfesjonale. Trzydzieści problemów sumienia (polski tytuł nie jest tłumaczeniem trudnego do przełożenia włoskiego pierwowzoru: L’inconfessabile & il confessato,
Ares, Milano 2007). To pierwsza w języku polskim książka tego autora, która otwiera nową serię, zatytułowaną Biblioteka Szkoły dla Spowiedników. To właśnie dzięki twórcom tej założonej w 2004 r. szkoły polscy czytelnicy mogą zapoznać się z trzydziestoma kazusami, dotyczącymi różnych grzechów wyznawanych w sakramencie pokuty.
Jan Polák, Bellezza in vendita. Chirurgia estetica tra storia, antropologia ed etica, Edizioni Sant’Antonio, Beau Bassin 2018, ss. 503.
Authors: Kućko Wojciech 
Published: May 2022

Troska o ciało, nierzadko przybierająca formy kultu ciała, jest jednym z charakterystycznych fenomenów czasów współczesnych, naznaczonych bardzo mocno przywiązywaniem uwagi do tego, co widoczne, mniej zaś do tego, co metafizyczne, duchowe. W tym kontekście bardzo
poważnym problemem moralnym są proponowane na coraz większą skalę i dla coraz szerszego grona odbiorców oferty operacji estetycznych, plastycznych i innych zabiegów, upiększających ciało ludzkie. Z drugiej strony chirurgia estetyczna jest ogromną szansą dla wielu osób, dotkniętych konsekwencjami różnych chorób, wypadków komunikacyjnych, okaleczeń, wojen. Dzięki opera- cjom plastycznym możliwe jest przywracanie akceptowalnego przez danego człowieka wyglądu i poprawianie w ten sposób kondycji psycho-fizyczno-duchowej.
Próbę wskazania kompleksowej odpowiedzi moralnej na te kwestie jest obszerna publikacja (503 ss.) w języku włoskim autorstwa czeskiego duchownego katolickiego, ks. Jana Poláka, zatytu- łowana Bellezza in vendita. Chirurgia estetica tra storia, antropologia ed etica [Piękno na sprzedaż. Chirurgia estetyczna między historią, antropologią i etyką], wydana we włoskim wydawnictwie Edizioni Sant’Antonio. Książka jest owocem studium ad Doctoratum i poszukiwań badawczych ks. Jana Poláka w czasie studiów w Accademia Alfonsiana – Wyższym Instytucie Teologii Moralnej Papieskiego Uniwersytetu Laterańskiego w Rzymie pod kierunkiem ks. prof. Giovanniego Del Missiera oraz prof. Cristiany Freni.
Synthesis of Spiropyrazoles Under Organic and Nonorganic Catalysis
Authors: Farghaly Thoraya A. , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Zaki Magdi E.A. , Asghar Basim H. , Muhammad Zeinab A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Spiropyrazoles display many biological activities such as antitumor, vasodilation,
analgesic, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, aldosterone antagonistic, anabolic, androgenic, antiinflammatory,
progestational and salt-retaining activities, and they also exert neuroprotection
in dopaminergic cell death. Many efforts have been made to obtain these derivatives with high
yield and excellent regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Most of the spiroprazole synthesis
methods were proceeded in good to excellent yield in the presence of organic catalysts,
such as squaramide, NHC pre-catalyst, pyrrole derivatives, bis-oxazoline, etc. DMAP, DABCO,
thiourea derivatives, DBU, acetic acid and quinoline catalysts. In addition, the inorganic
and organometallic catalysts have been proven their efficiency in the synthesis of various types
of spiro-pyrazoles in excellent yield. Thus, in this review, we have compiled all citations for
the synthesis of spiropyrazoles in the presence of various types of catalysts such as organic, inorganic, and metalorganic
catalysts in the range 2020 to 2012. This review article is a useful compilation for researchers interested in the
synthesis of spiropyrazole derivatives and will assist them in selecting appropriate catalysts for the preparation of
their spiropyrazoles.
Dermatokinetics: Advances and Experimental Models, Focus on Skin Metabolism
Authors: Quantin Paul , Stricher Mathilde , Catoire Sophie , Ficheux Hervé , Egles Christophe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Numerous dermal contact products, such as drugs or cosmetics, are applied on the skin, the first protective
barrier to their entrance into the organism. These products contain various xenobiotic molecules that can penetrate
the viable epidermis. Many studies have shown that keratinocyte metabolism could affect their behavior by biotransformation.
While aiming for detoxification, toxic metabolites can be produced. These metabolites may react with
biological macromolecules often leading to sensitization reactions. After passing through the epidermis, xenobiotics
can reach the vascularized dermis and therefore, be bioavailable and distributed into the entire organism.
To highlight these mechanisms, dermatokinetics, based on the concept of pharmacokinetics, has been developed
recently. It provides information on the action of xenobiotics that penetrate the organism through the dermal route.
The purpose of this review is first to describe and synthesize the dermatokinetics mechanisms to consider when
assessing the absorption of a xenobiotic through the skin. We focus on skin absorption and specifically on skin metabolism,
the two main processes involved in dermatokinetics. In addition, experimental models and methods to
assess dermatokinetics are described and discussed to select the most relevant method when evaluating, in a specific
context, dermatokinetics parameters of a xenobiotic. We also discuss the limits of this approach as it is notably used
for risk assessment in the industry where scenario studies generally focus only on one xenobiotic and do not consider
interactions with the rest of the exposome. The hypothesis of adverse effects due to the combination of chemical
substances in contact with individuals and not to a single molecule, is being increasingly studied and embraced in the
scientific community.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylamide Grafted
Copolymer of Okra Gum with the Application of 32 Central Composite
Designs (CCD)
Authors: Attri Anshul , Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Verma Surajpal 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Modified polymeric materials are nowadays most commonly used for making modified release pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Methods:
In this present research study, a grafted copolymer is synthesized by using acrylamide and okra gum with the help of the redox initiator method. The method was optimized using a 3-factor, 2-level central composite design (CCD). Optimization of the synthetic process was done by the application of QbD, amount of acrylamide (1-10g), amount of initiator (50-150 mg), and microwave irradiation exposure time (1-5 min) were taken critical process variables and response factors were selected as percentage grafting (% grafting) and percentage yield (% yield).

Results and Conclusion:
The optimized formulation (F13) having a maximum percentage of grafting 82.2 and a percentage yield of 12.54 of the formulation’s acrylamide (5.5g), amount of initiator (100 mg), and microwave irradiation exposure time (3 min). Characterization of synthesized grafted copolymer product was performed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Insulin Management for Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan: A Narrative
Review for Clinicians
Authors: Kieu Alexander , Iles Ashley 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Muslims with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes are at high risk for adverse
events while fasting during the month of Ramadan. However, advances in pharmacologic therapy
coupled with creative strategies of insulin administration can mitigate complications. This narrative
literature review investigates which insulin subtypes are likely to prevent hypoglycemic events and
reduce hyperglycemia during the Ramadan fasting season for this high-risk population.

Design:
Narrative literature review

Eligibility Criteria:
The following MeSH terms were used: “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2” and “Insulin,”
and the “Text Words”: “Ramadan”, “iftar”, “Muslim fast”, and “religious fast.” The primary
focus was on adult, non-pregnant, insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes during Ramadan. Anything
beyond this focus was excluded. A total of nine pertinent studies were included for narrative review
and analysis.

Information Sources:
PubMed, EMBASE and Medline.

Results:
The studies identified suggest long-acting insulins reduce the risk of hypoglycemia, and
rapid-acting insulin analogues may improve post-iftar hyperglycemia. Moreover, utilizing flexible
glycemic targets during Ramadan is a novel strategy that has demonstrated improved outcomes after
the fasting season.

Conclusion:
Certain insulin subtypes and dosing strategies may be advantageous to use during
Ramadan. However, a systematic, comprehensive, and updated review, including a critical appraisal
of each original study, is needed to improve clinical care of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes
during Ramadan.
Utilization of Maltodextrin and Whey Protein Concentrate for Microencapsulation
of Kinnow Peel Extract in Breadsticks
Authors: Rafiq Shafiya , Ahmad Nayik Gulzar , Kaul Rajkumari , Kumar Harish , Ruiz Rodríguez Alfonso 
Published: May 2022

Aims:
This work aimed to develop a functional powder from kinnow peel extract,
which could be proposed as a novel ingredient in the formulation of functional foods.

Methods:
The extract was spray-dried using different proportions (0, 15, 30 and 45 %) of encapsulating
agents (maltodextrin and whey protein concentrate (WPC) at two different inlet air temperatures
of 145 and 155 °C). The developed powder was examined for process yield, microencapsulation
efficiency, colour, moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, solubility and antioxidant
properties.

Results:
The study showed the excellent potential of WPC as a drying aid in the production of
quality powder in terms of better yield (77.76-82.87%), higher microencapsulation efficiency
(69.07-80.36 %), better phenolic content (18.04-13.37 mg/g GAE) and higher antioxidant activity
(63.80-74.20 %), as compared to maltodextein. Polyphenol retention was also investigated under
controlled conditions, and results demonstrated an excellent stability of polyphenols at higher
concentrations of encapsulating agent. Microencapsulated powder in breadsticks significantly
affected the proximate composition and viscoelastic properties.

Conclusion:
This study can be recommended for the conversion of plant extracts into encapsulated
powders with reduced volume and better physical and rehydration properties to fortify different
cereal products, thus producing new and functional
The Involvement of Melatonin and Tasimelteon against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ravikumar Mrinalini , Mohan Sumithra , Velpandian Chitra 
Published: May 2022

Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease with progressive cognition and memory loss, insomnia, and other abnormal behavioral changes. Amongst various hypotheses for AD pathophysiology, occupational stress-induced Alzheimer’s has recently been reported in many AD cases.Objective:Studies pertaining to the same suggest that stress leads to insomnia or sleep disruption, which further leads to neuroinflammation due to oxidative stress, both of which are major harbingers of AD. Additionally, overall sleep deficit is associated with progressive cognitive and memory decline, which adds more inconvenience to Alzheimer’s disease. Based on this, any triumphant AD management needs a pharmacological intervention that can not only antagonize the amyloid betainduced neurotoxicity but also correct the sleep-wake cycle disruption. Chronobiotic therapeutics like melatonin offer vital neuroprotective effects by eliciting its action through more than one of the pathologies of AD. This is also bolstered by the finding that endogenous melatonin levels are lower in AD patients. This melatonin replacement therapy can be especially useful in AD treatment, but only in the early phases of the disease and in cases where the melatonin receptors are intact and functioning.Conclusion:To negate such limitations and extend the action and therapeutic efficacy of melatonin- mediated actions towards AD treatment, melatonin analogue like tasimelteon can pose a high therapeutic value in AD treatment superior to that provided by melatonin. This review encapsulates all details about how AD is believed to occur and how current situations influence it, along with how melatonin and tasimelteon act towards treating Alzheimer’s.
Choosing the Right Protocol to Establish MCF-7 Tumor Xenograft in Nude Mice
Authors: Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Behzadi Ramezan , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Amiri Fereshteh Talebpour , Kavosian Saeid , Asori Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Xenografts of various human cancers in nude mice provide a helpful model in cancer research.
This study aimed to develop a xenograft mouse model of MCF-7 breast cancer using injectable estradiol valerate.

Methods:
Thirty healthy female C57 nu/nu mice were engrafted with three protocols to establish an MCF-7 tumor.
Injectable estradiol valerate (10 mg/ml) was used as a substitute for estradiol pellets. The development of tumors was
recorded daily, and data were statistically analyzed. Histology of bladder, kidney, and tumors was used to estimate
tumor establishment and probable urinary adverse effects.

Results:
According to the findings, the duration of MCF-7 tumor growth was the lowest for protocol B (tumor tissue).
Also, this protocol had the highest xenograft yield within the shortest time duration (37 days for protocol B vs. 73 days
for protocol A) without causing urinary adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Our findings revealed that estradiol valerate, which is way less expensive than estradiol pellets, can be
used as a tumor proliferator to establish MCF-7 tumors with the highest yield when MCF-7 tumors have been used for
xenograft.