bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high contact force and high‐isolation radio‐frequency microelectromechanical systems switch for radio‐frequency front‐end applications
Authors: Dadgar Morteza , Najafiaghdam Esmaeil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new structure for low‐loss and high‐isolation radio‐frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches is presented. The high contact force of the switch leads to very small ranges for contact resistance which is the main constrain of DC‐contact RF MEMS switches. The contact resistance of the switch is 27 mΩ leading to negligible thermal noise which is one of the most important parameters for devices operating at RF front‐ends immediately after the antenna where there is not any active stage. The switch is composed of two actuators: an electrothermal actuator for actuation of the switch from OFF to ON state and an electrostatic actuator to hold the switch at ON state. The insertion loss, return loss, and isolation of the switch for frequencies below 70 GHz are −0.35, −20, and −10 dB, respectively. The contact force and contact resistance of the switch are 0.93 mN and 0.027 Ω, respectively. Electrothermal and electrostatic actuators require 0.91 and 50 actuation voltages, respectively. During the ON‐state, the power consumption of the switch is near zero. The low contact resistance and high‐isolation characteristics of the switch make it very suitable for mobile front‐ends.
TGF‐β‐activated kinase‐1 inhibitor LL‐Z1640‐2 reduces joint inflammation and bone destruction in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome, TACE, TNF‐α and RANKL expression
Authors: Tenshin Hirofumi , Teramachi Jumpei , Ashtar Mohannad , Hiasa Masahiro , Inoue Yusuke , Oda Asuka , Tanimoto Kotaro , Shimizu So , Higa Yoshiki , Harada Takeshi , Oura Masahiro , Sogabe Kimiko , Hara Tomoyo , Sumitani Ryohei , Maruhashi Tomoko , Sebe Mayu , Tsutsumi Rie , Sakaue Hiroshi , Endo Itsuro , Matsumoto Toshio , Tanaka Eiji , Abe Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesAberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which may contribute to debilitating inflammation and bone destruction. Here, we explored the efficacy of the potent TGF‐β‐activated kinase‐1 (TAK1) inhibitor LL‐Z1640‐2 (LLZ) on joint inflammation and bone destruction in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsLL‐Z1640‐2 was administered every other day in CIA mice. Clinical and histological evaluation was performed. Priming and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclastogenic activity were assessed.ResultsNLRP3 inflammasome formation was observed in synovial macrophages and osteoclasts (OCs) in CIA mice. TACE and RANKL were also overexpressed in synovial macrophages and fibroblasts, respectively, in the CIA joints. Treatment with LLZ mitigated all the above changes. As a result, LLZ markedly suppressed synovial hypertrophy and pannus formation to alleviate pain and inflammation in CIA mice. LLZ could block the priming and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line, primary bone marrow macrophages and OCs upon treatment with LPS followed by ATP, thereby suppressing their IL‐1β production. LLZ also suppressed LPS‐induced production of TACE and TNF‐α in bone marrow macrophages and abolished IL‐1β‐induced production of MMP‐3, IL‐6 and RANKL in synovial fibroblasts. In addition, LLZ directly inhibits RANKL‐mediated OC formation and activation.ConclusionTAK1 inhibition with LLZ may become a novel treatment strategy to effectively alleviate inflammasome‐mediated inflammation and RANKL‐induced osteoclastic bone destruction in joints alongside its potent suppression of TNF‐α and IL‐6 production and proteinase‐mediated pathological processes in RA.
Maternal separation: Does it hold the potential to model consequences of postpartum depression?
Authors: Mundorf Annakarina , Bölükbas Ibrahim , Freund Nadja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe postpartum period is a sensitive time where women are especially vulnerable to develop postpartum depression (PPD), with 10%–15% of women affected. This review investigates whether the maternal separation (MS) paradigm in rodents holds the potential to help to understand mothers suffering from PPD. MS is a well‐established stress model to investigate effects on infants, whereas effects on the dam are often overlooked. The database PubMed was searched for studies investigating effects of daily MS within the first weeks after parturition on dams in rats and mice and compared to findings in PPD mothers. MS was categorized as brief MS (5–45 min) with or without handling of pups and long MS (3–4 h and longer). MS alters maternal care, depressive‐like behavior, anxiety, and aggression; leads to alterations in neuronal gene expression; and affects hormone and neurotransmitter levels similar to observations in PPD patients. Even though there are disparities between human and rodent mothers, with some results differing in directionality, as well as the reason for separation (self‐induced in PPD, externally induced in MS), the overall effects found on neurobiological, hormonal, and behavioral levels mostly coincide. Thus, the MS paradigm can add relevant knowledge to existing PPD animal models, further advancing the study of PPD.
Unique lingual expression of the Hedgehog pathway antagonist Hedgehog‐interacting protein in filiform papillae during homeostasis and ectopic expression in fungiform papillae during Hedgehog signaling inhibition
Authors: Kumari Archana , Li Libo , Ermilov Alexandre N. , Franks Nicole E. , Dlugosz Andrzej A. , Allen Benjamin L. , Mistretta Charlotte M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHedgehog (HH) signaling is essential for homeostasis in gustatory fungiform papillae (FP) and taste buds. However, activities of HH antagonists in these tissues remain unexplored. We investigated a potential role for HH‐interacting protein (HHIP), an endogenous pathway antagonist, in regulating HH signaling during taste organ homeostasis. We found a restricted pattern of Hhip‐expressing cells in the anterior epithelium of each nongustatory filiform papilla (FILIF) only. To test for roles in antagonism of HH signaling, we investigated HHIP after pathway inhibition with SMO inhibition via sonidegib and Smo deletion, Gli2 deletion/suppression, or with chorda tympani/lingual nerve cut.ResultsIn all approaches, the HHIP expression pattern was retained in FILIF suggesting HH‐independent regulation of HHIP. Remarkably, after pathway inhibition, HHIP expression was detected also in the conical, FILIF‐like atypical FP. We found a close association of de novo expression of HHIP in atypical FP with loss of Gli1+, HH‐responding cells. Further, we report that PTCH1 is another potential HH antagonist in FILIF that co‐localizes with HHIP.ConclusionsAfter HH pathway inhibition the ectopic expression of HHIP correlates with a FILIF‐like morphology in atypical FP and we propose that localized expression of the HH antagonist HHIP regulates pathway inhibition to maintain FILIF during tongue homeostasis.
Channel morphodynamics and sediment budget of the Lower Ganga River using a hydrogeomorphological approach
Authors: Sinha Rajiv , Singh Shobhit , Mishra Kanchan , Swarnkar Somil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Ganga River is one of the largest river systems in the world that has built extensive alluvial plains in northern India. The stretch of the Lower Ganga River is vulnerable to siltation because of: (a) the naturally low slope in the alluvial stretch; (b) the confluence of several highly sediment‐charged rivers such as the Ghaghra, Gandak, and Kosi; and (c) the reduction in non‐monsoon flows because of upstream abstractions of both surface and groundwater. Additionally, the Farakka barrage has impacted the morphology of the Ganga River significantly, both upstream and downstream of the barrage. Large‐scale siltation in several reaches has reduced the channel capacity, leading to catastrophic floods in this region even at low discharges. This work has utilized historical remote sensing data and UAV surveys to reconstruct channel morphodynamics and compute sediment volumes accumulated in the channel belt along the Lower Ganga River between Buxar and Farakka. The work was carried out by dividing the total length of the river into four continuous stretches: (a) Buxar–Gandhighat (GW1, 160 km); (b) Gandhighat–Hathidah (GW2, 106 km); (c) Hathidah–Azmabad (GW3, 182 km); and (d) Azmabad–Farakka (GW4, 132 km). We document that major ‘hotspots’ of siltation have developed in several reaches of the Lower Ganga during the last four to five decades. Sediment budgeting using planform maps provides estimates of ‘extractable’ volumes of sediment in GW1, GW2, GW3, and GW4 as 656 ± 48, 706 ± 52, 876 ± 71, and 200 ± 85 Mm3, respectively. These estimates are considerably lower than those computed from the hydrological approach using observed suspended sediment load data, which assumes uniform sedimentation between two stations. Further, our approach provides reach‐scale hotspots of aggradation and estimates of extractable sediment volumes, and this can be very useful for river managers to develop a strategic sediment management plan for the given stretch of the Ganga River.
In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle‐Mediated Metastasis Using a Bright, Red‐Shifted Bioluminescent Reporter Protein
Authors: Perez Gloria I. , Broadbent David , Zarea Ahmed A. , Dolgikh Benedikt , Bernard Matthew P. , Withrow Alicia , McGill Amelia , Toomajian Victoria , Thampy Lukose K. , Harkema Jack , Walker Joel R. , Kirkland Thomas A. , Bachmann Michael H. , Schmidt Jens , Kanada Masamitsu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer cells produce heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of intercellular communication. This study focuses on a novel method to image EV subtypes and their biodistribution in vivo. A red‐shifted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) EV reporter is developed, called PalmReNL, which allows for highly sensitive EV tracking in vitro and in vivo. PalmReNL enables the authors to study the common surface molecules across EV subtypes that determine EV organotropism and their functional differences in cancer progression. Regardless of injection routes, whether retro‐orbital or intraperitoneal, PalmReNL positive EVs, isolated from murine mammary carcinoma cells, localized to the lungs. The early appearance of metastatic foci in the lungs of mammary tumor‐bearing mice following multiple intraperitoneal injections of the medium and large EV (m/lEV)‐enriched fraction derived from mammary carcinoma cells is demonstrated. In addition, the results presented here show that tumor cell‐derived m/lEVs act on distant tissues through upregulating LC3 expression within the lung.
Community‐based personal support workers' satisfaction with job‐related training at the organization in Ontario, Canada: Implications for future training
Authors: Brookman Catherine , Sayin Firat , Denton Margaret , Davies Sharon , Zeytinoglu Isik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsComplexity of community‐based homecare for older adults has increased significantly in the past decade in Ontario, Canada. Personal support workers (PSWs), who are unregulated and vary in formal education, provide the majority of community homecare work for increasingly complex clients. This paper seeks to understand community‐based PSWs' satisfaction with opportunities for job‐related training at their employing organization to provide the skills and knowledge to meet the demands of their evolving role.MethodsData for this paper are from a cross‐sectional survey of 1746 community‐based PSWs in Ontario, Canada entitled, “The PSW Health and Safety Matters Survey” www.pswshaveasay.ca. This survey was part of a research project “Keeping Community Based PSWs Safe in a Changing World of Work,” funded by the Ontario Ministry of Labour. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, multivariate regression, and thematic analysis.ResultsQuantitative analysis revealed most community homecare organizations offer PSWs job‐related training to help them retain and update their skills and that PSWs have a moderate level of satisfaction with their job‐related training. The analysis revealed that PSWs' satisfaction with organizational training is greater when the organization provides work‐related training on challenging tasks, lifting and transferring tasks, and tasks delegated by nurses and supervisors. Data from the open‐ended question highlighted seven key themes for desired training by PSWs: safe body mechanics for moving/lifting clients, managing aggression primarily with clients, infection control, CPR/first aid, mental illness, equipment training, and basic health and safety.ConclusionImplications for factors associated with PSWs' satisfaction with opportunities for job‐related training are discussed along with recommendations for mitigating variability in education and training to meet the demands of their evolving role.
Now is the time: VFR travel desperately seeking respect
Authors: Zentveld Elisa , Labas Alan , Edwards Steve , Morrison Alastair M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVisiting friends and relatives (VFR) is a significant form of travel in most countries. However, relatively little VFR research has been undertaken, and few destinations have developed dedicated VFR marketing campaigns. However, altered conditions have created a different environment. People unable to see friends and family due to lockdowns are focused on reconnecting. There has been a shift in economic conditions, travel opportunities, safety, and connections. This article presents three components: (a) the psychology of lockdowns in reducing social connections; (b) a content analysis on VFR travel; and (c) recommendations on capitalising on VFR travel.
The effects of salinity and N : P on N‐rich toxins by both an N‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing cyanobacteria
Authors: Osburn Felicia S. , Wagner Nicole D. , Taylor Raegyn B. , Chambliss C. Kevin , Brooks Bryan W. , Scott J. Thad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are experiencing increased salinization. Adaptive management of harmful algal blooms (HABs) contributes to eutrophication/salinization interactions through the hydrologic transport of blooms to coastal environments. We examined how nutrients and salinity interact to affect growth, elemental composition, and cyanotoxin production/release in two common HAB genera. Microcystis aeruginosa (non‐nitrogen [N]‐fixer and microcystin‐LR producer [MC‐LR]) and Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae (N‐fixer and cylindrospermopsin producer [CYN]) were grown in N : phosphorus (N : P) 4 and 50 (by atom) for 21 and 33 d, respectively, then dosed with a salinity gradient (0–10.5 g L−1). Both total MC‐LR and CYN were correlated with particulate N. We found Microcystis MC‐LR production and release was affected by salinity only in the N : P 50 treatment. However, Aphanizomenon CYN production and release was affected by salinity regardless of N availability. Our results highlight how cyanotoxin production and release across the freshwater–marine continuum are controlled by ecophysiological differences between N‐acquisition traits.
Bochner's subordination and fractional caloric smoothing in Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Knopova Victoriya , Schilling René L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe use Bochner's subordination technique to obtain caloric smoothing estimates in Besov‐ and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. Our new estimates extend known smoothing results for the Gauß–Weierstraß, Cauchy–Poisson and higher‐order generalized Gauß–Weierstraß semigroups. Extensions to other function spaces (homogeneous, hybrid) and more general semigroups are sketched.
Effects of Poly(propylene glycol)‐Based Triamine on the Sol/Gel Curing and Properties of Hybrid Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethanes
Authors: Bowman Louis‐Paul , Younes Georges R. , Marić Milan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) synthesized from biodiesel‐derived diglycerol dicarbonate (DGC) and triamine functional poly(propylene glycol) (Jeffamine) are investigated to improve upon poor water resistance and slow curing kinetics observed in (DGC/diamine functional Jeffamine) NIPUs. The structural, thermal, and rheological properties of the prepolymer formulations match those of their diamine‐prepared analog previously reported. The NIPU prepolymers (number average molecular weight, MNbetween 4200 and 6400 g mol−1) are subsequently functionalized with trimethoxy silane end‐cappers to yield moisture‐curable hybrid NIPUs. The prepolymers are both successfully end‐capped and subsequently cured under ambient conditions. The sol/gel curing kinetics of the prepolymers are extensively studied, and the effects of the capping methodology, moisture, and the amount of catalyst are quantified so that gel times are observed in as little as 1.4 h at room temperature. The developed curing methods are effective leading to final hybrid films with high gel contents (>86%). The tensile properties of the final films resulting are considerably better compared to previously reported DGC/Jeffamine‐based NIPUs, which are too soft to undergo mechanical testing. Also, the films are found to exhibit a tenfold decrease in water absorption compared to the latter (5% vs 70%, respectively).
Eating breakfast is associated with weight loss during an intensive lifestyle intervention for overweight/obesity
Authors: Duan Daisy , Pilla Scott J. , Michalski Kathy , Laferrère Blandine , Clark Jeanne M. , Maruthur Nisa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether breakfast consumption frequency (BCF) is associated with weight‐loss outcomes in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial.MethodsData from a subset of participants (n= 3,915) from Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to diabetes support and education (DSE) in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, were analyzed. BCF was collected by yearly questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between average BCF and percentage weight change over 4 years, controlling for baseline sociodemographic, anthropometric, and diabetes‐related variables. In separate models, adjustment for diet (n= 915) and physical activity level (n= 837) was performed in a subset of participants.ResultsFour‐year average BCF was similar in DSE (n= 1,916) and ILI (n= 1,999) arms (p= 0.14). Each 1‐day higher average BCF was associated with an additional 0.5% weight loss in the ILI arm (p< 0.0001) but not in the DSE arm (p= 0.58). This association in the ILI arm remained significant after adjustment for diet (p= 0.02) but not after adjustment for physical activity (p= 0.36).ConclusionsBreakfast consumption was associated with greater weight loss in the active treatment group of an ILI, which may be mediated by increased physical activity.
High temperature induced “glaze” layer formed in HVOF-sprayed NiCrWMoCuCBFe coating and its wear reduction mechanism
Authors: Wang Yijing , Zhao Xiaoqin , Hao Enkang , Bu Zhenyu , An Yulong , Zhou Huidi , Chen Jianmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe in-situ formation of oxides on alloy surface induced by high temperature can effectively reduce wear and resist oxidation. In consideration of the solid solution strengthening effect and great oxidation resistance of additional elements at elevated temperature, the NiCrWMoCuCBFe coating was prepared by high velocity oxygen flame (HVOF) spraying technology, and its tribological behavior was scrutinized from 25 to 800 °C. By means of high temperature Vickers hardness tester and high temperature X-ray diffractometer, the mechanical properties and microstructures of NiCrWMoCuCBFe coating were measured. And the effect of the mechanical properties and microstructures of the coating on tribological performance was discussed in detail. The results showed both its friction coefficient (0.37) and wear rate (5.067 × 10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1) at 800 °C were the lowest, which was mainly related to the formation of “glaze” layer on the coating surface at high temperature. The glaze layer consisted of two parts, which were NiCr2O4 oxide film with the ability of interlaminar slip formed in the outer layer and nano-grains existed in the inner layer. Worth mentioning, these nano-grains provided bearing capability while the oxide film was vital to reduce wear rate and friction coefficient. As the ambient temperature increased, many hard oxides were produced on the wear scars, including NiO, Cr2O3, MoO3, and Mo2C. They can improve tribological and mechanical properties of NiCrWMoCuCBFe coating at a wide temperature range.
An advanced efficient model for adhesive wear in elastic—plastic spherical contact
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Etsion Izhak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA finite element (FE) model combining submodel technique is presented for the adhesive wear in elastic—plastic spherical contact. It consists of a global model, showing the potential location of fracture under combined normal and tangential loading, and a refined mesh submodel covering only the region near the potential fracture. This allows to describe the morphology of wear particle more accurately than that in a previously developed model by the authors. A range of normal loading is studied to show its effect on the shape and volume of wear particles. Two main regimes of mild and severe wear (along with a relatively narrow transition region between them) are found, which show almost linear and power-law dependency of wear rate on normal loading, respectively. Such behavior agrees with published experimental observations. However, the transition region is theoretically predicted here for the first time.
Views of Mental Health Professionals on Positive Changes in Service Practices and Staff-User Relationships After One Year of Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy
Authors: Magliano Lorenza , Bonavigo Tommaso , Battiston Claudia , Oretti Alessandra , Accardo Roberta , D’Ambrosi Gabriella , Affuso Gaetana , Pascolo-Fabrici Elisabetta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explored views of mental health services (MHS) professionals regarding positive changes in service practices and organizations, and staff-user relationships after one year of COVID-19 in Italy. Professionals from a community-oriented MHS completed online the Questionnaire on MHS Transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 30-item tool developed by a participatory approach and validated. Of the 184 participants, 91.8% felt it was “true/definitely true” that during the pandemic they had informed users on procedures to reduce contagion risks, and 82.1% stated that they had increased telephone contact with users. Sixty-nine percent of professionals reported that staff revised treatment plans according to new needs of care and 78.6% stated that they had been able to mediate between user needs and safe working procedures. Moreover, 79.4% of respondents stated that they had rediscovered the importance of gestures and habits, and 65% that they had gained strength among colleagues to face fear. Fifty-four percent of participants admitted that they had discovered unexpected personal resources in users. Overall, 59.6% of participants stated that they found some positives in the COVID-19 experience. Perceived positive changes was greater among professionals from community facilities vs. those from hospital and residential facilities. In community-oriented MHS, the pandemic offered an opportunity to change practices and rethink the meaning of relationships between people. This data may be useful in generating a more balanced understanding of COVID-19's impact on MHS and for MHS planning in the pandemic era.