bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of spraying behavior and body size on predators of the big head stick insect Megacrania tsudai (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)
Authors: Kobayashi Shun , Takaoka Chihaya , Tanimoto Hiromu , Arimitsu Satoru , Izawa Masako 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome insects use multiple defensive methods, although little research exists on the complementary effects of these strategies on their predators. For example, Megacrania tsudai uses crypsis to blend with its background and when threatened it uses a chemical spray. However, the effectiveness of the spraying defense is unclear, although some potential predators were known. This study aimed to reveal the effect of the secondary defenses of M. tsudai. Although the liquid chemical amount changes with growth stages, neither geckos, frogs, spiders nor insects could predate M. tsudai when it grew to a certain size, regardless of the spray effectiveness. Therefore, at the fifth instar or older growth stages of M. tsudai, its predators were limited to birds. Megacrania tsudai that did not spray their liquid chemicals were attacked by predators (other than birds) more than species that sprayed the chemicals. Birds predated all instars regardless of the amount of liquid spray. In conclusion, M. tsudai mainly uses cryptic coloration for predators using visual sense such as diurnal birds, and body size and chemical defenses for other predators, as its defensive measure. The defensive strategy of M. tsudai could relate to its life history.
Granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor and keratinocyte growth factor control of early stages of differentiation of oral epithelium
Authors: Das Ridhima , Virlan Maria Justina Roxana , Xenaki Victoria , Kulasekara Keerthi K. , Lukandu Ochiba , Neppelberg Evelyn , Vintermyr Olav K. , Johannessen Anne. Chr. , Calenic Bogdan , Costea Daniela Elena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOral epithelial differentiation is known to be directed by underlying fibroblasts, but the responsible factor(s) have not been identified. We aimed here to identify fibroblast‐derived factors responsible for oral epithelial differentiation. Primary normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from healthy volunteers after informed consent (n = 5) and 3D‐organotypic (3D‐OT) cultures were constructed. Various growth factors were added at a range of 0.1‐100 ng/ml. 3D‐OTs were harvested after ten days and assessed histologically, by immunohistochemistry and the TUNEL method. Epithelium developed in 3D‐OT without fibroblasts showed an undifferentiated phenotype. Addition of granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) induced expression of cytokeratin 13 in suprabasal cell layers. Admixture of GM‐CSF and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induced, in addition, polarization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and β1‐integrin to basal cell layer and collagen IV deposition. Terminal differentiation with polarization of TUNEL‐positive cells to superficial layers occurred only in the presence of fibroblasts in collagen gels either in direct contact or at distance from normal oral keratinocytes. Taken together, these results show that major aspects of oral epithelial differentiation are regulated by the synergic combination of GM‐CSF and KGF. However, the terminal stage seems to be controlled by other yet unidentified fibroblast‐derived diffusible factor(s).
Remarkable effects of microbial factors on soil phosphorus bioavailability: A country‐scale study
Authors: Lu Jing‐li , Jia Pu , Feng Shi‐wei , Wang Yu‐tao , Zheng Jin , Ou Shu‐ning , Wu Zhuo‐hui , Liao Bin , Shu Wen‐sheng , Liang Jie‐Liang , Li Jin‐tian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability causes the widespread occurrence of P‐limited terrestrial ecosystems around the globe. Exploring the factors influencing soil P bioavailability at large spatial scales is critical for managing these ecosystems. However, previous studies have mostly focused on abiotic factors. In this study, we explored the effects of microbial factors on soil P bioavailability of terrestrial ecosystems using a country‐scale sampling effort. Our results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and acid phosphatase were important predictors of soil P bioavailability of agro‐ and natural ecosystems across China although they appeared less important than total soil P. The two microbial factors had a positive effect on soil P bioavailability of both ecosystem types and were able to mediate the effects of several abiotic factors (e.g., mean annual temperature). Meanwhile, we revealed that soil phytase could affect soil P bioavailability at the country scale via ways similar to those of soil MBC and acid phosphatase, a pattern being more pronounced in agroecosystems than in natural ecosystems. Moreover, we obtained evidence for the positive effects of microbial genes encoding these enzymes on soil P bioavailability at the country scale although their effect sizes varied between the two ecosystem types. Taken together, this study demonstrated the remarkable effects of microbial factors on soil P bioavailability at a large spatial scale, highlighting the importance to consider microbial factors in managing the widespread P‐limited terrestrial ecosystems.
Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought
Authors: Dannenberg Matthew P. , Yan Dong , Barnes Mallory L. , Smith William K. , Johnston Miriam R. , Scott Russell L. , Biederman Joel A. , Knowles John F. , Wang Xian , Duman Tomer , Litvak Marcy E. , Kimball John S. , Williams A. Park , Zhang Yao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarth's ecosystems are increasingly threatened by “hot drought,” which occurs when hot air temperatures coincide with precipitation deficits, intensifying the hydrological, physiological, and ecological effects of drought by enhancing evaporative losses of soil moisture (SM) and increasing plant stress due to higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Drought‐induced reductions in gross primary production (GPP) exert a major influence on the terrestrial carbon sink, but the extent to which hotter and atmospherically drier conditions will amplify the effects of precipitation deficits on Earth's carbon cycle remains largely unknown. During summer and autumn 2020, the U.S. Southwest experienced one of the most intense hot droughts on record, with record‐low precipitation and record‐high air temperature and VPD across the region. Here, we use this natural experiment to evaluate the effects of hot drought on GPP and further decompose those negative GPP anomalies into their constituent meteorological and hydrological drivers. We found a 122 Tg C (>25%) reduction in GPP below the 2015–2019 mean, by far the lowest regional GPP over the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite record. Roughly half of the estimated GPP loss was attributable to low SM (likely a combination of record‐low precipitation and warming‐enhanced evaporative depletion), but record‐breaking VPD amplified the reduction of GPP, contributing roughly 40% of the GPP anomaly. Both air temperature and VPD are very likely to continue increasing over the next century, likely leading to more frequent and intense hot droughts and substantially enhancing drought‐induced GPP reductions.
Community intervention programs prolong the onset of functional disability among older Japanese
Authors: Yamamoto Takafumi , Hikichi Hiroyuki , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken , Aida Jun 
Published: April 2022

AimThis study examined the effects of a “community‐based center” intervention to prevent the onset of functional disability among residents in disaster‐affected areas.MethodsWe used data from a prospective cohort study conducted from 2010 to 2016 in Iwanuma City, Japan. Participants were community‐dwelling independent adults aged ≥65 years. The exposure variable was the experience of using a community‐based center. The outcome variable was functional disability onset. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) was estimated by adjusting for possible confounders. Additional analysis stratified by sex was conducted considering the sex differences in social participation rates.ResultsAmong 3794 participants (mean ± SD age = 72.9 ±5.3 years, 46.0% men), 196 (5.2%) used the community‐based center, and 849 (22.4%) exhibited disability onset. Of those with functional disabilities, 40 (20.4%) used the community‐based center, while 809 (22.5%) did not. The ATET for functional disability onset with community‐based center activities across all participants were not significant (ATET: 0.51 years [95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.23; 1.27]). However, the direction of the effect of community‐based center activities differed by sex (ATET: −0.14, 95% CI = −2.59; 2.31 for men [n = 18], and 0.66, 95% CI = 0.18; 1.16 for women [n = 178]). Women exhibited a 15.63% (95% CI = 3.58; 27.68) increase in the time until functional disability onset.ConclusionsThe use of community‐based centers was associated with a longer period without functional disability in women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 465–470.
Effects of four multi‐compound freezing medium on the quality of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) during frozen storage
Authors: Zhao Xi , Li Hongyue , Cui Fangchao , Wang Jinxiang , Yi Shumin , Mi Hongbo , Lv Yanfang , Li Xuepeng , Li Jianrong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTaking air freezing (AF) as the reference, the effects of four types of multi‐compound freezing medium for cryogenic liquid quick‐freezing (immersion freezing, IF) on the freezing rate, quality and myofibrillar protein (MP) denaturation of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fillets during frozen storage (−18°C) from days 0 to 90 were studied. Samples were gathered on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 for analysis. The results showed that IF groups (IF‐1: 20% ethanol, 30% propylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF‐2: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF‐3: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF‐4: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 5% glycerol, 5% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) significantly shortened the time to cross the formation zone of maximum ice crystals while the freezing rate was 6.13 times higher than the AF group after adding 30% propylene glycol as the freezing medium. Furthermore, compared with the AF group, the IF groups significantly reduced losses in the water‐holding capacity, the myofibrillar fragmentation index, microstructure damage, texture characteristics, drip loss and water migration (P < 0.05). In addition, the MP of IF groups had higher maximum transition temperatures (Tmax1 and Tmax2), total sulfhydryl content, Ca2+‐ATPase activity and relative α‐helix content compared with the AF group. In conclusion, IF could significantly increase the freezing rate of red drum fillets, and slow down quality deterioration and denaturation of MP during frozen storage for 90 days (−18°C). In particular, IF‐2 (20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) was found to be more suitable for the immersion freezing of marine fish among the four multi‐compound freezing medium.
Ultrasound and effect on the surface hydrophobicity of proteins: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Bezerra Jaqueline de Araújo , Sanches Edgar Aparecido , Lamarão Carlos Victor , Campelo Pedro Henrique 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis review aims to investigate and evaluate the effect of ultrasound process parameters on the interfacial properties (surface hydrophobicity) of food proteins. The data obtained from English published papers accessed on Web of Science, PubMed and Wiley published from 2013 to 2021 allowed a table overview construction and a meta‐analysis. Study selection was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses method. A total of 40 relevant reports and 185 data used for meta‐analysis were considered. In general, the results revealed that the use of the ultrasound process increased the surface hydrophobicity of proteins. Processing time, power, amplitude and ultrasound frequency were significant in protein modification. The findings showed that the ultrasound process parameters should be considered to assess the effect on the modification and improvement of the interfacial properties of proteins.
Effects of simulated saliva‐gastrointestinal digestion on the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides
Authors: Guo Yuxi , Chen Xuefeng , Gong Pin , Wang Mengrao , Yao Wenbo , Yang Wenjuan , Chen Fuxin 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simulated saliva‐gastric digestion (SGID) on the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides (SGPs). The results revealed that the digestibility (bioavailability) of SGPs was approximately 16.81%, 43.86%, and 52.38% after saliva digestion (SD), saliva‐gastric digestion (SGD), and SGID, respectively. SGID significantly altered the physicochemical properties of SGPs, such as total polysaccharide content (from 88.25% to 69.26%) and molecular weight (from 23.00 to 7.82). The structure of SGPs was significantly altered after digestion. In addition, SGID affected the biological activity of SGPs. after SGID, SGPs still had strong antioxidant activity, as well as α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase inhibition, and cellular hypoglycemic activity. However, the ability to bind bile acids and cholesterol in vitro was not affected. In conclusion, these results could provide a theoretical basis for investigating the mechanism of action of SGPs during digestion in vivo.
Authenticity green coffee bean species and geographical origin using near‐infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics
Authors: Nguyen Minh Quan , Lai Quoc Dat , Nguy Minh Hoang , Tran Kieu Minh Tu , Lam Gia Ngoc , Le Uyen , Hang My Phung , Nguyen Hoang Dung , Chau Tran Diem Ai , Doan Ngoc Thuc Trinh 
Published: April 2022

SummaryTo prevent the adulteration of agricultural resources and provide a solution to enhance the green coffee bean supply chain, authentication using the near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique was investigated. Partial least square with discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA) models combined with various preprocessing methods were built from NIR spectra of 153 Vietnamese green coffee samples. The model combined with the standard normal variate and the first order of derivative yielded excellent performance in predicting coffee species with the error cross‐validation of 0.0261. PLS‐DA model of mean centre and first‐order derivative spectra also yielded good performance in verifying geographical indication of green coffee with the error of 0.0656. By contrast, the predicting abilities of post‐harvest methods were poor. The overall results showed a high potential of the NIRS in online authentication practices.
Are we underutilising computer tomography colonography in Australia?
Authors: Lee Shawn Z. , Schubert Jonathon P. , Prowse Simon J. B. , Bryant Robert V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComputed tomography colonography (CTC) is a safe and accurate tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. CTC requires dedicated radiological expertise and demonstrates a high sensitivity and specificity in polyp detection, which is similar to optical colonoscopy (OC). Newer preparation techniques for CTC, such as faecal tagging without catharsis might further improve both the tolerability and accuracy of the test. While exposure to ionising radiation, lack of capacity for therapeutic intervention and potentially diminished sensitivity for flat serrated polyps are limitations of CTC, the technique has a role in select populations. CTC should be considered in frail or elderly patients at high anaesthetic risk for OC, patients with stricturing colonic lesions as well as incomplete colonoscopy, or in patients at risk of delayed access to timely OC. With an ever‐growing demand for endoscopic services, increased utilisation of CTC could reduce waiting times for colonoscopy, thereby broadening access to timely and effective CRC screening. Further research is required to improve further the detection of flat lesions, including sessile serrated polyps.
Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*
Authors: True Heather , Blanton Madison , Sureshchandra Suhas , Messaoudi Ilhem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA successful human pregnancy requires precisely timed adaptations by the maternal immune system to support fetal growth while simultaneously protecting mother and fetus against microbial challenges. The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a robust increase in innate immune activity that promotes successful implantation of the blastocyst and placental development. Moreover, early pregnancy is also a state of increased vulnerability to vertically transmitted pathogens notably, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), SARS‐CoV‐2, and Listeria monocytogenes. As gestation progresses, the second trimester is marked by the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment that promotes fetal tolerance and growth while preventing preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and other gestational complications. Finally, the period leading up to labor and parturition is characterized by the reinstatement of an inflammatory milieu triggering childbirth. These dynamic waves of carefully orchestrated changes have been dubbed the “immune clock of pregnancy.” Monocytes in maternal circulation and tissue‐resident macrophages at the maternal‐fetal interface play a critical role in this delicate balance. This review will summarize the current data describing the longitudinal changes in the phenotype and function of monocyte and macrophage populations in healthy and complicated pregnancies.
Solar/visible light photocatalytic dye degradation using BaTi1−xFexO3 ceramics
Authors: Gaur Akshay , Sharma Moolchand , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Vaish Rahul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBaTi1−xFexO3 compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) were prepared via a solid‐state reaction route. The presence of iron (Fe) in barium titanate (BaTiO3) eventually decreased the energy bandgap; thus, its utilization for water cleaning application through photocatalysis process was explored (using methylene blue [MB] dye as an indicative pollutant in water). Characterization of the synthesized powder was performed through scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bandgap of the synthesized powder was calculated as 3.2, 2.12, and 1.67 eV for BaTi1−xFexO3 compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2), respectively. BaTi0.8Fe0.2O3 powder showed excellent results, and ∼71% of the MB dye (∼5 mg/L concentrated) was degraded using the photocatalysis process under visible light. To check the potentiality of BaTi1−xFexO3 compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2), the photocatalysis process was carried out by changing the concentration of MB dye (2.5–10 mg/L with a step of 2.5 mg/L) and the amount of BaTi0.8Fe0.2O3 powder (0.05–0.2 g with a step of 0.05 g) for ∼5‐mg/L concentrated MB dye. The treated water was further used as a growth parameter and phytotoxicity analysis through germination index on the wheat seeds. Lastly, the BaTi1−xFexO3 compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) were explored for water cleaning applications under real‐time solar irradiation.
The complex story of educational identity in adolescence: Longitudinal relations with academic achievement and perfectionism
Authors: Negru‐Subtirica Oana , Damian Lavinia E. , Pop Eleonora Ioana , Crocetti Elisabetta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveEducation has a strong impact on adolescent development. This study investigated the complex longitudinal associations between educational identity processes, academic achievement, and perfectionism.MethodThe study used a 4‐wave design (N = 744 adolescents, Mage = 15.2 years, 55% girls).ResultsResults showed that self‐oriented perfectionism mediated the longitudinal relation between academic achievement and educational commitment, whereas educational commitment mediated the longitudinal relation between self‐oriented perfectionism and academic achievement. Also, a unidirectional positive direct link from educational in‐depth exploration to socially prescribed perfectionism was found, while self‐oriented perfectionism mediated the positive relationship between academic achievement and exploration. Finally, higher academic achievement led to decreases in educational reconsideration of commitment, whereas socially prescribed perfectionism predicted increases in educational reconsideration of commitment and decreases in academic achievement.ConclusionsThese findings bring forward the intricate and possibly sabotaging links between educational identity processes, academic achievement, and perfectionism.
Landscape and regulation of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation in a plant pathogenic fungus
Authors: Lu Ping , Chen Daipeng , Qi Zhaomei , Wang Haoming , Chen Yitong , Wang Qinhu , Jiang Cong , Xu Jin‐Rong , Liu Huiquan 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) contribute significantly to the regulation of gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Their biological impact in filamentous fungi, however, is largely unknown.

Here we combine PacBio Isoform‐Sequencing and strand‐specific RNA‐sequencing of multiple tissues and mutant characterization to reveal the landscape and regulation of AS and APA in Fusarium graminearum.

We generated a transcript annotation comprising 51 617 isoforms from 17 189 genes. In total, 4997 and 11 133 genes are alternatively spliced and polyadenylated, respectively. Majority of the AS events alter coding sequences. Unexpectedly, the AS transcripts containing premature‐termination codons are not sensitive to nonsense‐mediated messenger RNA decay. Unlike in yeasts and animals, distal APA sites have strong signals, but proximal APA isoforms are highly expressed in F. graminearum. The 3′‐end processing factors FgRNA15, FgHRP1, and FgFIP1 play roles in promoting proximal APA site usage and intron splicing. A genome‐wide increase in intron inclusion and distal APA site usage and downregulation of the spliceosomal and 3′‐end processing factors were observed in older and quiescent tissues, indicating intron inclusion and 3′‐untranslated region lengthening as novel mechanisms in regulating aging and dormancy in fungi.

This study provides new insights into the complexity and regulation of AS and APA in filamentous fungi.
MoIug4 is a novel secreted effector promoting rice blast by counteracting host OsAHL1‐regulated ethylene gene transcription
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Gao Yixin , Guo Ziqian , Wang Nian , Wegner Alex , Wang Jintao , Zou Xi , Hu Jiexiong , Liu Muxing , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Ping , Schaffrath Ulrich , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Magnaporthe oryzae secretes several effectors that modulate and hijack rice processes to colonize host cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We report on a novel cytoplasmic effector MoIug4 that targets the rice ethylene pathway as a transcription repressor to subvert host immunity.

We found that MoIug4 binds to the promoter of the host OsEIN2 gene that encodes a central signal transducer in the ethylene‐signaling pathway. We also identified a MoIug4 interacting protein, OsAHL1, which acts as an AT‐hook motif‐containing protein binding to the A/T‐rich promoter regions. Our knockout and overexpression studies showed that OsAHL1 positively regulates plant immunity in response to M. oryzae infection.

OsAHL1 exhibits transcriptional regulatory activities by binding the OsEIN2 promoter region, similar to MoIug4. Intriguingly, we found that MoIug4 exhibits a higher binding affinity than OsAHL1 to the OsEIN2 promoter, suggesting differential regulatory specificities.

These results revealed a counter‐defense strategy by which the pathogen effector suppresses the activation of host defense genes by interfering with host transcription activator functions.