bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and risk factors of sarcopenia in the elderly people
Authors: Safonova Yu. A. , Toroptsova N.  V. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. To determine the frequency and assess the risk factors of sarcopenia (SP) in elderly people living at home.Materials and methods. The study included 230 people aged 65 years and older who lived at home and were observed in outpatient clinic. To detect SP, grip strength was measured and muscle mass was determined using dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA). Severe SP was diagnosed based on the results of Short physical performance battery (SPPB) and the “Up and Go” test. The diagnosis of SP was made according to the criteria of EWGSOP2 (2018). The laboratory examination included clinical and biochemical blood analysis, determination of the level of 25 (OH) D.Results. Probable SP was found in 64.8 %, confirmed SP – in 28.7 %, and severe SP – in 21.3 % of older people. The frequency of SP increased with age from 19.6 % in 65–74 years to 52.9 % in 85 years and older (p <0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the probability of SP increased with a BMI of less than 25 kg / m2 (OR 5,459; 95 % CI: 1,939–15,369; p = 0.0013), severe comorbidity calculated by the Charlson index (OR 5,178; 95 % CI: 1,597–14,128; p = 0.0030) and the presence of such laboratory indicators like level 25 (OH) D less than 20 ng / ml (OR 4,989; 95 % CI: 1,321–12,626; p = 0.0420), total protein less than 64 g / l (OR 8,567; 95 % CI: 2,658–27,617; p = 0.00032), CRP more than 5 mg / l (OR 14,279; 95 % CI: 3,511–58,071; p = 0.00020) and moderately reduced renal function (GFR <60 ml / min / 1.73 m (OR 12,108; 95 % CI: 3,944–37,170; p = 0.00001).Conclusions. Among elderly people, a high frequency (28.7 %) of SP was detected, which increased with age. A BMI of less than 25 kg / m2, a deficiency of 25(OH)D, total protein level of less than 64 g / l and CRP of more than 5 mg / l, a decrease in GFR of less than 60 ml / min were associated with the presence of SP.
PROSUMERS: АN OVERVIEW OF INNOVATIVE MODELS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN SUBJECTS OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY AND END CONSUMERS
Authors: Kuzmin P. S. 
Published: October 2022

Technological changes taking place in Russia and in the world have an impact on many sectors of the economy, including the electric power industry. There has been a tendency for consumers to withdraw from centralized power supply due to a wide range of factors: the spread and cheapening of generation technologies using renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, as well as the development of smart metering systems. The proliferation of digital technologies of Industry 4.0 allows innovative energy technologies to be integrated together.The purpose of this work was to identify and verify the effects generated by the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution in the electric power industry, and the resulting new models of interaction between consumers and energy companies in the electricity market.At the beginning of the study, the effects of the spread of distributed generation (including the use of renewable energy sources), energy storage systems, smart electricity metering systems, as well as digital technologies of industry 4.0 were identified, and the impact of these technologies on changing the nature of consumer interaction and energy companies.Further, the analysis of the main approaches to organizing the interaction of energy companies with a new type of electricity consumers - an active consumer, is carried out, and the key effects from the spread of active consumer models are determined.At the end of the work, industry experts were interviewed with subsequent questionnaires, which made it possible to assess the prospects for deploying active consumer models.
STAGES OF TRANSPORT CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT: MECHANISATION, ROBOTISATION, INTELLECTUALISATION AND DIGITALISATION PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Anokhov I. V. , Rimskaya O. N. 
Published: October 2022

The aim of the article is to investigate the perspectives of transport corridors digitalisation. The subject of the study is rail freight transport.The authors use the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TIPS) methodology, which forms the basis of transport industry development stages: mechanisation, intellectualisation, robotisation (automation) and digitalisation. The transition from one stage to another is shown by the comparison between the two documents of significant importance for Eurasian transport: Agreement on International Goods Transport by Rail and Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (CIM-COTIF). They are fundamentally different at the stages of mechanisation and robotisation that makes the digitisation of international transport corridors impracticable. The article clearly identifies the factors preventing digitalisation, as well as the ways of its neutralising.The research proves that a fully digitalised transport will represent an isolated system, aimed at meeting the most predicted part of human demands. The article presents the transport corridors digitalisation model.The authors state that modern transport is at the stage of automation and robotisation and has not yet approached digitalisation. The pipeline transport is the only transport mode that has closely reached the digital frontier. Railway transport also has favourable prerequisites and perspectives.
FORMATION OF A VALUE PROPOSITION FOR CLIENTS: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND UNDERSTANDING OF REPRESENTATIVES OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES
Authors: Trachuk A. V. , Linder N. V. , Tuaev V. O. 
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of a value proposition and its understanding by representatives of Russian companies. The existing theoretical approaches to the formation of a value proposition are considered, as well as the main tools used in its formation in practice. To determine the theoretical approaches, more than 50 articles from leading economic journals were analyzed. To analyze the understanding of the value proposition, Russian companies conducted in–depth semi-structured interviews with managers of 84 Russian and foreign companies representing customer service departments, sales departments, innovation activities, strategic management, marketing and brand management departments.The analysis has shown that for most employees of companies, the concepts of a value approach in management and a value proposition are limited to standard categories, such as price, quality, and direct satisfaction of needs. This is especially true for representatives of Russian companies and firms that conduct their business only within Russia and CIS countries. While representatives of international companies noted the importance of the entire range of value formation tools in one way or another evenly, respondents from Russian companies clearly relied on product components and price in their answers. It should also be noted the leadership of product tools in both cases, and if Russian respondents focused only on the quality of the product in their answers, then representatives of international companies often noted the importance of the assortment and uniqueness of products.The result of the study was to determine the importance and place in the process of forming a value proposition of such tools as joint value creation with the consumer and the involvement of personnel in joint value creation.The author's approach to the formation of value proposition by companies is proposed in the article. The proposed matrix model allows you to quickly determine which factors and tools companies need to focus on first.
Improving the organizational structure of the population prevention in the megapolis
Authors: Kalininskaya A. A. , Lazarev A. V. , Allenov A. M. , Merekina M. D. 
Published: October 2022

Highlights. A comparative analysis of the morbidity rate in the population in Moscow, the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation for the period from 2012 to 2019 depending on the age groups was carried out; performance of the Center for Prevention and Health Centers in Moscow and in its administrative districts was assessed; suggestions for improving the organizational structure of the population prevention in the megapolis were made.Aim. To analyze and assess the organizational structure of population prevention in Moscow, and to suggest proposals for its improvement.Methods. The data of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation on the morbidity rate in the (general) population in Moscow, the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation, by age groups of the population was analyzed. The analysis and assessment of the performance was done for the following entities carrying out preventive programs in Moscow: the Center for Prevention (CP), 58 departments and 224 offices for prevention, 62 Health Centers (HC) and the performance of youth-friendly clinics in the Russian Federation. We used statistical, sociological, analytical research methods for the analysis.Results. Total morbidity rate in the population of Moscow (2019) was lower than in the Central Federal District and in the Russian Federation, it amounted to 140,743.0 per 100 thousand of the population, in the Central Federal District it was 149701.0‰оо, and in the Russian Federation it was 164899.4‰оо.At the same time, total morbidity rate in children aged 14 years old in Moscow was higher than in the Russian Federation and in the Central Federal District; it amounted to 222946.1 per 100 thousand of the corresponding population, in the Russian Federation it was 219845.6‰оо, and the Central Federal District it was 211643.2‰оо. The analysis of total morbidity in children in Moscow by classes of diseases is given. The article analyzes the performance of CP and HC in Moscow and output of youth-friendly clinics in Russia. Suggestions for improving the organizational structure of the population prevention in the megapolis were made.Conclusion. Total morbidity rate in the population in Moscow is lower than in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation, however, the rates in children are higher than in the Russian Federation for a number of diseases. The results obtained should be taken into account in the development of the population-based prevention strategies for children. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Center and departments for prevention in Moscow are subject to reorganization; additional duties and responsibilities should be introduced and existing ones should be adjusted. It is necessary to organize the continuity and coordination in care provided by the CP, HC and primary health care physicians. It is recommended to create more youth-friendly clinics in the Russian Federation, in particular, in Moscow.
Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile proteins as universal markers of vessels of microcirculatory bed
Authors: Bogdanov L. A. , Velikanova E. A. , Kanonykina A. Yu. , Frolov A. V. , Shishkova D. K. , Lazebnaya A. I. , Kutikhin A. G. 
Published: October 2022

Highlights. The use of vascular smooth muscle cell markers, e.g. smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) for immunodetection of adventitial and perivascular microvessels (vasa vasorum) is preferrable over endothelial markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin) as it allows to define vascular geometry regardless of sectioning artifacts and provides ideal signal-to-noise ratio.Aside from elastic laminae which discriminate arterioles from venules and capillaries, we were unable to confirm any specific markers of arterial, venous, and capillary differentiation, although KLF2 and PROX1 transcription factors indicated venous specification and HEY1 suggested capillary identity in rat aortas.Aim. To develop an optimal approach to detection of microvessels and to evaluate the techniques for the differential immunostaining of arterioles, venules, and capillaries in human saphenous veins and rat aortas.Methods. Saphenous veins excised during the coronary artery bypass graft surgery were used for the study. Serial cryosections were analyzed by means of haematoxylin and eosin and Russell-Movat’s pentachrome stainings and by immunofluorescent staining for endothelial cell markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin), vascular smooth muscle cell markers (SM-MHC and α-SMA), mechanosensitive transcription factors (KLF2 and KLF4), transcription factors of arterial specification (HES1, HEY1, ERG), transcription factors and markers of venous identity (NR2F2, NRP2), and transcription factors and markers of lymphatic lineage (PROX1, LYVE1, VEGFR3). Samples were visualized by light and confocal microscopy.Results. In comparison with endothelial cell markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin), vascular smooth muscle cell markers (SM-MHC and α-SMA) permitted objective evaluation of vascular geometry and maximized signal-to-noise ratio irrespective of specific marker, microvessel specification or antibody used. Autofluorescence and specific histological pattern of elastic membranes at Russell-Movat’s pentachrome staining allowed to discriminate arterioles from venules and capillaries. Albeit immunostaining of rat aortas found specific markers of venous endothelial cells (KLF2 and PROX1) and capillary endothelial cells (HEY1), these findings have not been confirmed in saphenous veins. We were unable to find specific markers of human venules and capillaries among the saphenous vein vasa vasorum despite an extensive screening of multiple markers.Conclusion. Immunodetection of microvessels (e.g., vasa vasorum) should be performed by using vascular smooth muscle cell markers (SM-MHC and α-SMA) rather than endothelial cell markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin). Lack of specific markers to discern microvessels of different lineages suggests Russell-Movat’s pentachrome staining as an optimal option for the machine learning of neural networks to analyse the microvessels including vasa vasorum.
A clinical case of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (Bland-White-Garland syndrome) in an adult patient
Authors: Povoroznyi A. O. , Zakharyan E. A. , Maksimova P. E. , Keremov J. T. , Kazanceva O. A. 
Published: October 2022

Highlights. The paper presents a unique clinical case of patient with congenital heart defect known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome diagnosed in the adulthood. Takeuchi repair (creation an intrapulmonary tunnel) was carried out to treat this defect.Background. An anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (Bland-White-Garland syndrome) is an uncommon but severe pathology that requires immediate surgical treatment. The use of modern diagnostic methods (both non-invasive and invasive) has resulted in higher prevalence of this syndrome, diagnosed not only in an early childhood, but also in adulthood. Recording each medical case and choosing an optimal treatment strategy will increase knowledge of this pathology and reduce the high risk of mortality. The paper presents a clinical case of this syndrome in an adult patient who had remained undiagnosed for a long time as the syndrome was masked under the clinical features of chronic heart failure. Takeuchi repair (creation an intrapulmonary tunnel) was carried out to treat this extremely rare defect for a patient of this age group.
Risk assessment of remotely fatal cardiovascular events after elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Nalesnik E. O. , Repin A. N. 
Published: October 2022

Highlights. The frequency of long-term fatal cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic coronary syndrome subjected to selective (non-emergency) percutaneous coronary interventions was estimated.Risk stratification model of long-term fatal cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic coronary syndrome subjected to selective percutaneous coronary interventions has been created.Aim. To determine the frequency of long-term fatal cardiovascular events (CVE) after elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and to develop a model for stratifying the risk of these events.Methods. 150 patients with chronic coronary syndrome and indications for endovascular myocardial revascularization were included in the research. After PCI the patients were observed on an outpatient basis for year. The frequency of fatal cardiovascular complications was estimated by telephone interview 6 years after the index intervention.Results. Survival in the study group after 6 years was 86.1%. Fatal CVEs were reported in 10.6% of patients. The following baseline variables were significant predictors of cardiovascular death included in the individual risk assessment model: NYHA functional class of chronic heart failure (odds ratio (OR) 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.003-1.106), lean plasma glucose level (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.12-0.43), atrial fibrillation (OR 43.1, 95% CI 2.01–922.01), as well as the value of creatinine in the blood one year after the intervention (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.0–1.3) and glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI) (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.09–1.81). The area under the curve (AUC) of the developed model was 0.976 [95% CI 0,000–1,000].Conclusion. The proposed risk stratification model of developing long-term fatal cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic coronary syndrome subjected to selective (non-emergency) PCI allows identifying patients with an unfavorable long-term (six-year) prognosis.
Relationship of coronary calcinosis and local fat deposts in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Brel N. K. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Kokov A. N. , Masenko V. L. , Belik E. V. , Dyleva Yu. A. , Tarasov R. S. , Kuzmina A. A. , Kashtalap V. V. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: October 2022

Highlights. Taking into account the connection between the increase in the volume of myocardial adipose tissue and vessels with massive calcification of the coronary arteries in coronary heart disease, morphometry of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue during routine tomographic examinations can be considered as a non-invasive technique for determining a surrogate marker of severe coronary lesion.Aim. To evaluate the relationship of coronary artery calcification (CA) and morphometric parameters of local fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods. 125 patients with stable coronary artery disease aged 59±8.9 years were examined. Visualization of local fat depots, abdominal fat depots, and coronary calcification (CC) was performed using multislice computed tomography with subsequent post-processing of images on the Siemens Leonardo workstation (Germany). Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the heart was used to determine the EAT thickness.Results. Coronary calcification was detected in 95.2% of the examined patients with coronary artery disease (n = 119). There were higher indices of the EAT thickness of the right and left ventricles in case of massive CC, the thickness of the pericardial adipose tissue at the level of the trunk of the left coronary, anterior descending, circumflex arteries, and increased morphometry indices of the abdominal fat depot in comparison with the patients who had moderate and medium CC.Conclusion. An increase in the volume of adipose tissue of the myocardium and vessels in CAD is associated with massive calcification, which is reflected in the pathogenetic “adipovascular” continuum, characterized by the stimulation of adipogenesis against the background of atherocalcinosis of the coronary arteries. Morphometry of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue during routine tomographic studies is a non-invasive technique for determining a surrogate marker of severe coronary lesions.
Global expansion of tertiary education and the position of young people in the labour market
Authors: Agranovich M. L. , Dreneva A. A. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The explosive growth of tertiary education around the world calls attention to how this affects the employment of young graduates.Aim. The current research paper is aimed to analyse how the growth of young people’s participation in tertiary education is reflected in the change of their employment and economic activity.Methodology and research methods. The comparative and correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between changes in the education attainment of young people and the dynamics of employment and economic activity indicators by levels of education. The article deals with educational statistics data from OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in OECD educational research.Results. The results of the analysis presented in the article show that the growth of tertiary education leads to an increase in the unemployment rate among the young population; however, this is true only for the least advanced programmes, while there is an increase in the employment rate for master’s degree graduates. Economic activity among young graduates with a master’s degree grew faster after the 2009 crisis than among graduates of other tertiary education programmes. Master’s degree graduates were in a better position during the crisis of 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific novelty. The authors presented a detailed analysis of the growth in the scale of tertiary education and the changes of status in the labour market indicators of graduates of different tertiary education programmes.Practical significance of the study lies in the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the field of development of tertiary education based on the goal of increasing youth employment.
Students’ struggles with EMI in Kazakhstani universities
Authors: Tajik M. A. , Akhmetova G. Y. , Fillipova L. N. , Shamatov D. A. , Zhunussova G. D. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Fascination with English medium instruction (EMI) is fast growing in higher education institutions in non-native English-speaking countries, including Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstani government adopted a trilingual education policy in 2007 and the Bologna Process in 2010. Both these initiatives motivated universities to offer academic programmes in the English language. As a result, EMI programmes are offered in over 70 higher education institutions across Kazakhstan. In addition, there are four major Kazakhstani universities which offer academic programmes in English only. Despite the increase in the number of EMI programmes, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the difficulties and challenges faced by students in the EMI programmes.Aim. The present study aimed to investigate the nature, forms, and levels of challenges graduate students face in academic reading and writing in English and the way they cope with these challenges. The study was conducted with graduate students and faculty in 10 selected Kazakhstani universities, which offer academic programmes in EMI.Research methodology and methods. The study is based on a mixed-method design, involving an online survey and semi-structured interviews. The closed-ended questions have been analysed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The grounded theory analysis was utilised to scrutinise open-ended questions and interview transcripts.Results and scientific novelty. The study’s results indicated two major challenges faced by graduate students in academic reading and writing: the personal-psychological challenge and sociological challenge. The first challenge includes students’ previous academic backgrounds, exposure, and learning experiences. The second challenge is related to English academic culture and students’ worldviews, concepts, and values about English as a language and medium of instruction. As a result, graduate students experienced a lack of vocabulary, inadequate academic literacy skills, unfamiliarity with academic writing styles in English, and lack of skills to synthesise reading materials.Practical significance. Hence, this study recommends systematising English language programmes across secondary and higher education institutions to help students acquire advanced English language proficiency. Also, the study results suggest that local faculty members should be trained according to international standards in terms of their English language skills and innovative teaching methods.