bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allele frequency and the associations of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms with pemphigus subtypes and disease severity
Authors: Le Thanh Thai Van , Vuong Thanh The Bich , Ong Thinh Phuc , Do Minh Duc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pemphigus is a rare, devastating, bullous autoimmune disease that damages the skin and mucous membranes, and has high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown associations of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II polymorphisms.
This study examined the frequency of Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Beta 1, a Protein Coding gene (HLA-DRB1) and Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ Beta 1 (HLA-DQB1) alleles in Vietnamese PV and PF patients, and the association of these polymorphisms with pemphigus subtypes and disease severity.
The study enrolled 31 unrelated Vietnamese who underwent HLA typing using Sanger sequencing.
HLA-DRB1∗14:54 was the most frequent allele in both PV (20.5%) and PF (33.3%) patients. The percentage of HLA-DQB1∗03:02 was significantly higher in PF than PV patients, while the percentage of HLA-DQB1∗05:03 was approximately 10 times higher in PV patients. Pemphigus patients who have the HLA-DRB1∗04 alleles are more likely to have mild or moderate disease.
The HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles may influence susceptibility to pemphigus subtypes, with DQB1∗05:03 being specific for PV and DQB1∗03:02 for PF. Our findings suggest that the DRB1∗04 alleles are likely to be associated with mild and moderate disease.
Expanded dengue syndrome presented with rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome, and acute kidney injury
Authors: Arif Aabiya , Abdul Razzaque Muhammad Raheel , Kogut Lucas Marian , Tebha Sameer Saleem , Shahid Filza , Essar Mohammad Yasir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) is the phenomenon coined by the World Health Organization for cases of dengue fever (DF) with rare but dangerous consequences. EDS mainly leads to complications involving the vital organs, thus is also associated with a higher mortality rate. This case report presents the first-ever case where a patient developed EDS with both rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury and compartment syndrome of the limbs.

Patient concerns:
Our patient, an 18-year-old Pakistani male, presented with fever, colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dark-colored urine, and oliguria.

Diagnoses:
Dengue rapid NS-1 test came back positive. Along with myoglobinuria both serum creatine phosphokinase and creatine levels were abnormal. Hence, the patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. On physical examination, his right arm was painful and tender with restricted movement at the elbow. A Doppler ultrasound of the arm revealed thickening of the skin and underlying muscles, as well as edematous abnormalities affecting the entire right upper limb, both of which are indications of compartment syndrome.

Interventions and outcome:
The management included rehydration, administration of dextrose and bicarbonate (bicarbonate infusion) prepared by adding 150 mEq sodium bicarbonate in 850 mL dextrose 5%, pain killers, along with platelet, and packed red cell transfusions. Additionally, right upper limb was kept elevated at 90° for 30 minutes every 2 hours to reduce edema and crept bandages were applied. The patient was discharged after 11 days and the follow-up was uneventful.

Lesson:
Physicians should be aware that rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney damage and limb compartment syndrome are also possible DF consequences, and they should be on the lookout for any indications pointing to these complications in DF. A prompt diagnosis can prevent further complications and fatality.
Compressive femoral neuropathy caused by anticoagulant therapy induced retroperitoneal hematoma
Authors: Kim Tae-Hoon , Lee Da-Jung , Kim Wanil , Do Hwan-Kwon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematomas due to anticoagulant therapy rarely occur. Retroperitoneal hematomas can cause severe pain in the groin, quadriceps femoris muscle weakness, hemodynamic instability, and abdominal distension. They rarely cause compressive neuropathy of the femoral nerve transversing the iliacus muscle. Differential diagnosis is not easy because they have similar clinical features to retroperitoneal hematomas.

Patient concerns:
A 72-year-old female patient whose right arm was stuck in a bookshelf for 5 days developed right cephalic vein thrombosis. After 5 days of intravenous heparin therapy for venous thrombosis, she presented with sudden right groin pain, right leg paresis, hemodynamic instability, and abdominal distension.

Diagnosis:
Emergency abdominal and pelvic CT showed a large number of hematomas in the bilateral retroperitoneal space with active bleeding of the right lumbar artery. An electrodiagnostic study was performed 2 weeks later to check for neuromuscular damage in the right lower extremity, and right compressive femoral neuropathy was confirmed.

Interventions:
Heparin therapy was discontinued; emergency embolization of the lumbar artery was performed. After 2 weeks, the patient started receiving physical, occupational, and transcutaneous electrical stimulation therapies.

Outcomes:
She became hemodynamically stable after arterial embolization; a significant decrease in hematoma and patency of the femoral nerve was confirmed on follow-up pelvic MRI. After 2 months of comprehensive rehabilitation, the muscle strength of the right leg significantly improved, and the pain disappeared.

Lessons:
Although rare, spontaneous retroperitoneal hematomas may occur in patients receiving anticoagulant medications. They may even occur in patients receiving emergency anticoagulant therapy. Compressive femoral neuropathy due to retroperitoneal hematomas should be considered if muscle weakness and groin pain are observed. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan of compressive femoral neuropathy due to retroperitoneal hematoma are helpful for a good prognosis.
Academic burnout among undergraduate history students
Authors: Oloidi Frances Jumoke , Sewagegn Abatihun Alehegn , Amanambu Ogechukwu Vivian , Umeano Blessing Chisom , Ilechukwu Leonard Chidi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to examine the effect of an online psychological intervention on academic burnout of undergraduate history students in Nigeria.

Method:
The sample for the study consists of burned-out undergraduate history students selected randomly from public universities. A total of 18 undergraduate history students with moderate to high burnout symptoms were randomly allocated to the online intervention group, while 17 were randomly assigned to the waitlist control group.

Results:
The use of online rational emotive behavior therapy (online REBT) effectively reduced academic burnout and sustained this significant reduction among Nigerian undergraduate history students compared with a waitlist control condition.

Conclusion:
Online rational emotive behavior therapy intervention delivered to undergraduate history students brought about a significant decrease in academic burnout. Further studies should expand the benefits of online psychological intervention for burnout treatment among Nigerian undergraduate history students.
Risk factors for acute renal injury caused by contrast media after percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary angiography
Authors: Hou Junhuan , Cao Guanghua , Liu Junling , Cai Li , Zhao Li , Li Xue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) caused by contrast medium is one of the common complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)/coronary angiography (CAG). Early identification of the risk factors of CI-AKI in patients with PCI/CAG and help clinical staff to prevent and intervene as soon as possible is very important to improve the clinical outcome of patients. Although domestic and foreign scholars have studied and summarized the risk factors of CI-AKI in PCI/CAG, the conclusions are not the same. Therefore, in this study, meta-analysis was used to summarize the risk factors of CI-AKI in patients with PCI/CAG, and to explore the characteristics of high-risk groups of CI-AKI, to provide reference for early identification and prevention of clinical doctors and nurses.

Methods:
We will search related literature of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database. Eligible studies will be screened based on inclusion criteria, and data extraction, risk of bias assessment, publication bias assessment, subgroup analysis, and quality assessment will be performed. Review Manager version 5.3 software will be used for data analysis. Each process is independently conducted by 2 researchers, and if there is any objection, it will be submitted to the third researcher for resolution.

Results:
We will disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis via publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusions:
The results of this analysis can be used to generate a risk prediction model and provide an intervention strategy for the occurrence of CI-AKI in PCI/CAG.
Comprehensive comparison between geriatric and nongeriatric patients with trauma
Authors: Lin Pei-Chen , Wu Nan-Chun , Su Hsiu-Chen , Hsu Chien-Chin , Chen Kuo-Tai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The incidence of geriatric trauma is increasing due to the growing elderly population. Healthcare providers require a global perspective to differentiate critical factors that might alter patients’ prognosis.
We retrospectively reviewed all adult patients admitted to a trauma center during a 4-year period. We identified 655 adult trauma patients aged from 18 to 64 (nongeriatric group) and 273 trauma patients ≥65 years (geriatric group). Clinical data were collected and compared between the 2 groups.
The geriatric group had a higher incidence of trauma and higher Injury Severity Scores than did the nongeriatric group. Fewer geriatric patients underwent surgical treatment (all patients: geriatric vs nongeriatric: 65.9% vs 70.7%; patients with severe trauma: geriatric vs nongeriatric: 27.6% vs 44.5%). Regarding prognosis, the geriatric group exhibited higher mortality rate and less need for long-term care (geriatric vs nongeriatric: mortality: 5.5% vs 1.8%; long-term care: 2.2% vs 5.0%).
We observed that geriatric patients had higher trauma incidence and higher trauma mortality rate. Aging is a definite predictor of poor outcomes for trauma patients. Limited physiological reserves and preference for less aggressive treatment might be the main reasons for poor outcomes in elderly individuals.
Compound Danshen dripping pills in treating with coronary heart disease
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhang Yan-Na 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) patients are categorized by occlusion or vascular stenosis leading to myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, and necrosis. In clinical cardiovascular, CHD remains as a leading disease that is primarily prevalent among older people and mid-aged groups. CHD has a drastic impact on their life standard, and is known to have debilitating effects on both mental and physical wellbeing. As a Chinese patent medicine, compound Danshen dripping pills (CDDPs) are commonly administered to treat CHD in China. Despite the common intake of CDDPs, there is a lack of evidence-based clinical practice to inform its efficacy and safety through related systematic reviews. Therefore, the present protocol proposes to conduct a meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the effectivity and safeness of using CDDP for treating CHD patients.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of CDDP for treating CHD patients will be searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases. The search will include all related articles published till January 3, 2022. The extracted data will include information on study design, characteristics of the participants, details on intervention, and outcomes. Cochrane risk of bias tool will be employed to assess the quality of the trials. We will use either a random-effects model or fixed-effects model to pool the data. We will present the results as a risk ratio for dichotomous data and weighted mean difference for continuous data. We will visualize publication bias using funnel plots. Disagreements shall be resolved through discussion.

Ethics and dissemination:
Not required.

OSF registration number:
10.17605/OSF.IO/HJTP8
Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of therapy response and clinical outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapy
Authors: Tatar Gamze , Alçin Göksel , Şengül Samanci Nilay , Erol Fenercioglu Özge , Beyhan Ediz , Fikret Çermik Tevfik 
Published: April 2022

Objective
This study aimed to determine the role and prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT on treatment response and survival outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Patients and methods
Forty patients scheduled for a standard treatment protocol with TKIs (n = 17; group-1) or PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab, n = 23; group-2) were evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Peak standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were calculated, and their relationship to treatment response was evaluated.

Results
Complete response (CR) in three patients, partial response (PR) in two patients and stable disease (SD) in eight patients were observed in group-1, and the results were as follows for group-2: PR in seven and SD in five patients. At a mean of 17.5-month observation period (range, 7–47), 35.2% of patients progressed, and 23.5% achieved a CR, and no recurrence was observed on PET/CT scans during follow-up. Among all patients enrolled in the study, the 5-year OS in patients with progressive disease (PD) was significantly shorter than patients with clinical benefit (CB = CR and PR and SD) (P = 0.016). Significant differences in both ΔSULpeak and ΔSUVmax were found between PD versus CB (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

18F-FDG-PET/CT can accurately assess therapy response and predict patient outcome in metastatic RCC. 18F-FDG PET/CT may facilitate patient management by evaluating the biological and immunological responses to treatment in patients treated with TKIs or ICIs.
Psychosomatic Medicine: Looking Forward
Authors: Segerstrom Suzanne C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The new Editor-in-Chief of Psychosomatic Medicine thanks the outgoing editorial team, reflects on the longevity and impact of the journal, and looks forward to challenges and opportunities. Science—and scientific publications—must address and embrace reproducibility and replication, inclusivity and diversity, statistical advances, and more.
Achieving Antiretroviral Therapy Uptake and Viral Suppression Among Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in the UNAIDS 90-90-90 Era Across Six Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa—Lessons From the BIPAI Network
Authors: Bacha Jason M. , Dlamini Sandile , Anabwani Florence , Gwimile Judith , Kanywa Jacqueline Balungi , Farirai John , Bvumbwe Menard , Steffy Teresa , Nguyen Diane , Wanless Richard S. , Haq Heather 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Although achievements have been made globally since the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets were announced, paediatric data remain sparse. We describe achievements toward antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and viral load (VL) suppression, existing gaps, and potential best practices among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) across 6 Eastern and Southern African countries.

Setting:
Baylor College of Medicine International Paediatric AIDS Initiative Network sites in Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Methods:
We performed retrospective data analysis among CALHIV ages 0–19 years between 2014 and 2019.

Results:
A total of 25,370 CALHIV received care, 85.8% (21,773/25,370) received ART, 84.4% (18,376/21,773) had documented VL results, and 74.6% (13,715/18,376) had VL < 1000 cps/mL. By 2019, the pooled proportion of CALHIV receiving ART and having viral suppression increased to 99.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 98.1 to 100.0] and 89.8% (95 CI: 88.2 to 91.5) respectively. Lower rates of viral suppression and higher lost to follow-up (LTFU) were seen in the 0–4-year and 15–19-year cohorts. CALHIV on ART not achieving viral suppression were younger, received care in Malawi or Mbeya, had a history of tuberculosis, lower rates of integrase-strand inhibitor-based ART, and were on ART for shorter durations. Best practices reported included adopting universal ART, ART optimization with protease inhibitor-based and/or dolutegravir-based regimens, peer-supported activities, child/adolescent friendly services, community-supported activities, and technology-driven quality improvement activities and digital solutions.

Conclusions:
High rates of CALHIV receiving ART and having viral suppression can be achieved in settings in Eastern and Southern Africa through using pediatric best practices. Increased efforts must be made to address LTFU and to support under-fives and adolescents.
Attitudes and Experiences Surrounding Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Besera Ghenet , Goldberg Howard , Okoroh Ekwutosi M , Snead Margaret Christine , Johnson-Agbakwu Crista E , Goodwin Mary M 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, growing migration to the United States from countries where female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is widely practiced has caused a rise in the number of women and girls in the United States who could have potentially experienced FGM/C. A scoping review was conducted to identify research and gaps in literature about FGM/C–related attitudes and experiences among individuals from FGM/C–practicing countries living in the United States. This scoping review identified 40 articles meeting inclusion criteria. The findings of this review suggest that both women and men from FGM/C-practicing countries living in the United States generally oppose FGM/C, and that women with FGM/C have significant physical and mental health needs and have found US healthcare providers to lack understanding of FGM/C. Future research can improve measurement of FGM/C by applying a health equity lens and taking into account the sociocultural influences on FGM/C–related attitudes and experiences.
Speech disturbances in schizophrenia: assessing cross-linguistic generalizability of NLP automated measures of coherence
Authors: Parola Alberto , Lin Jessica Mary , Simonsen Arndis , Bliksted Vibeke , Zhou Yuan , Wang Huiling , Inoue Lana , Koelkebeck Katja , Fusaroli Riccardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionLanguage disorders – disorganized and incoherent speech in particular - are distinctive features of schizophrenia. Natural language processing (NLP) offers automated measures of incoherent speech as promising markers for schizophrenia. However, the scientific and clinical impact of NLP markers depends on their generalizability across contexts, samples, and languages, which we systematically assessed in the present study relying on a large, novel, cross-linguistic corpus.MethodsWe collected a Danish (DK), German (GE), and Chinese (CH) cross-linguistic dataset involving transcripts from 187 participants with schizophrenia (111DK, 25GE, 51CH) and 200 matched controls (129DK, 29GE, 42CH) performing the Animated Triangle task. Fourteen previously published NLP coherence measures were calculated, and between-groups differences and association with symptoms were tested for cross-linguistic generalizability.ResultsOne coherence measure robustly generalized across samples and languages. We found several language-specific effects, some of which partially replicated previous findings (lower coherence in German and Chinese patients), while others did not (higher coherence in Danish patients). We found several associations between symptoms and measures of coherence, but the effects were generally inconsistent across languages and rating scales.ConclusionsUsing a cumulative approach, we have shown that NLP findings of reduced semantic coherence in schizophrenia have limited generalizability across different languages, samples, and measures. We argue that several factors such as sociodemographic and clinical heterogeneity, cross-linguistic variation, and the different NLP measures reflecting different clinical aspects may be responsible for this variability. Future studies should take this variability into account in order to develop effective clinical applications targeting different patient populations.
Resolution of glycogen and glycogen-degrading activities reveals correlates of Lactobacillus crispatus dominance in a cohort of young African women
Authors: Lithgow Karen V. , Cochinamogulos Athena , Muirhead Kevin , Konschuh Shaelen , Oluoch Lynda , Mugo Nelly R. , Roxby Alison C. , Sycuro Laura K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundA healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus species that produce lactic acid, lowering vaginal pH and limiting colonization by pathogens. Lactobacillus dominance (LD) is established during puberty, but many women, especially those of Black race, lose LD during their reproductive years. Glycogen is thought to be a key host nutrient that supports vaginal lactobacilli and their fermentative lactic acid production, but mechanisms of glycogen utilization by Lactobacillus species are incompletely understood. By partitioning glycogen and glycogen-derived maltodextrin, as well as the activity of glycogen-degrading pullulanase enzymes, this work refines understanding of vaginal glycogen catabolism and identifies correlates of LD.ResultsVaginal swab samples were collected from a cohort of young women with limited sexual experience in Thika, Kenya (N=17, ages 17–20). Metagenomic profiling of the vaginal microbiome revealed that most samples exhibited LD, particularly dominant Lactobacillus crispatus. Amylopullulanase activity, cleavage of glycogen α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages by individual/multifunctional enzymes, showed a significant positive correlation with glycogen-derived maltodextrin, but no relationship with L. crispatus dominance. Pullulanase activity, which specifically targets glycogen α-1,6 linkages, was 3-fold higher in L. crispatus-dominated samples and significantly correlated with D-lactic acid levels. Metagenomics and targeted PCR revealed that 36% of L. crispatus-dominated metagenomes from our African cohort lacked a functional L. crispatus pullulanase (pulA) gene, a 3-fold higher frequency of gene loss than that seen in metagenomes from European and North American women. Our findings suggest pulA gene loss or inactivation may correspond with reductions in L. crispatus abundance, pullulanase activity and lactic acid levels compared to samples dominated by pulA-competent L. crispatus.ConclusionsOur results indicate that although amylase activity drives the accumulation of glycogen catabolites in vaginal fluid, pullulanase appears to specifically contribute to maximal D-lactic acid production by L. crispatus. However, this is only possible when a functional pulA gene is present, which was not the case in a substantial proportion of young African women with dominant L. crispatus. Scaling this analysis to a larger cohort will address whether genomic and enzymatic indicators of L. crispatus pullulanase activity are predictive of sustained LD and vaginal health.