bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS: THEORY OF POLITENESS IN ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE
Authors: Gumartifa Asti 
Published: April 2022

In the social study of language, linguistic politeness has played a central role. Politeness in speaking English is also part of sociolinguistic and pragmatic learning. Each country has a variety of cultures and language accuracy in communication. Unfortunately, most learners don’t speak English based on the sociolinguistics features and it is influenced by the culture, gender, language style, and domain. Therefore, there are still some issues to the practice of politeness linguistics to the English as a second language. The study of qualitative research was used in this study method. The purposes of this research are to inform eight theories of politeness application, the concept of face in politeness, and various types of politeness which are also explained by the division and classification of politeness. To support the students’ information about politeness in linguistics, some existing research information is discussed in this research.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENULISAN METODOLOGI PENELITIAN BAGI MAHASISWA TINGKAT AKHIR MELALUI DARING
Authors: Winadi Prasetyoning Tyas Ari Anggarani , Ummanah Ummanah 
Published: April 2022

Metodologi Penelitian merupakan bagian terpenting dalam suatu pelaksanaan penulisan karya ilmiah, yang mana pemahaman akan metodologi penelitian ini sudah harus diperkenalkan sejak awal. Oleh karena itu, pada kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan Pelatihan untuk mahasiswa tingkat akhir yang sedang melaksanakan penelitian sebagai proyek akhir perkuliahannya. Hal ini dilakukan karena kurangnya tingkat pemahaman terhadap metodologi penelitian dan minimnya pengetahuan serta keahlian dalam proses analisis data. Dengan memanfaatkan metode direct action, kegiatan pengabdian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memecahkan permasalahan tersebut dengan mengadakan kegiatan pelatihan serta pendampingan penulisan dan metodologi penelitian. Adapun Luaran yang diperoleh mahasiswa yaitu dalam bentuk proposal penelitian serta laporan penelitian yang menjadi bukti pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap metodologi penelitian serta analisis data.
Kinerja Karyawan Berbasis Etos Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Pada PT Global Edutek Solusindo di Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Meilinda Rineska , Sunarto Ading , Ellesia Nindie 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence work ethic and work discipline had on employee performance at PT. Global Edutek Solusindo South Tangerang. The method used in this research is quantitative analysis with a population of employees of PT. Global Edutek Solusindo South Tangerang as many as 60 respondents or samples. with data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis methods used in this research are (validity test, reliability test and classical assumption test), quantitative descriptive analysis, simple and multiple regression analysis, and correlation and determination coefficient analysis, hypothesis testing (T and F test). The results of the research on the work ethic variable have a tcount value greater than ttable (6.145 > 2.002) and a significant value less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). the results of research on work discipline variables. (F test) The results of this study the Fcount value of 66,221 is greater than Ftable of 3.15 (66,221 > 3.15) and the significance value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). So it can be concluded that work ethic and work discipline have a positive and significant impact on the performance of PT. Global Edutek Solusindo South Tangerang was 0.689 or 68.9% while the rest was 0.311 or 31.1%.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh etos kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Global Edutek Solusindo Tangerang Selatan. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan populasi karyawan PT. Global Edutek Solusindo Tangerang Selatan sebanyak 60 responden atau sampel. dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah (uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan uji asumsi klasik), analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, analisis regresi sederhana dan berganda, dan analisis koefisien korelasi dan determinasi, uji hipotesis (uji T dan F). Hasil penelitian variabel etos kerja memiliki nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel (6.145 > 2.002) dan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0.000 < 0,05). hasil penelitian variabel disiplin kerja. (uji F) Hasil penelitian ini nilai Fhitung sebesar 66.221 lebih besar dari Ftabel sebesar 3.15 (66.221 > 3.15) dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0.000 < 0.05). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa etos kerja dan disiplin kerja memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan tehadap kinerja karyawan PT. Global Edutek Solusindo Tangerang Selatan sebesar 0,689 atau 68,9% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 0,311 atau 31,1%.
Kata Kunci: Etos Kerja, Disiplin Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan
Pengaruh Promosi dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada PT Sinergia Beaute Indonesia Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Munarsih Munarsih , Matahari Sabila Aulia 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of promotion and product quality partially or simultaneously on purchasing decisions at PT. Sinergia Beaute Indonesia, Central Jakarta. The method used is descriptive quantitative analysis method. The population in this research were consumers of PT. Sinergia Beaute Indonesia as many as 2.318 people. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling type. The sample of this research was determined using the Slovin formula as many as 96 respondents. The data instrument test in this research used validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression test, multiple linear regression test, determination test, and hypothesis test. The results of this research indicate that partially, promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Product quality has a positive and significant effect partially on purchasing decisions. Promotion and quality product have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on purchasing decisions.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara Promosi dan Kualitas Produk baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada PT. Sinergia Beaute Indonesia Jakarta Pusat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah konsumen PT. Sinergia Beaute Indonesia sebanyak 2.318 orang. Teknik sampling menggunakan non probability sampling dengan jenis purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan menggunakan rumus Slovin yaitu sebanyak 96 responden. Uji instrumen data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, dan uji asumsi klasik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana, uji regresi linear berganda, uji determinasi, serta uji hipotesis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan juga secara parsial. Promosi dan kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Kata Kunci: Promosi, Kualitas Produk, Keputusan Pembelian
Effective Primary Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis in High-Risk Neonates via Moisturizer Application: Protocol for a Randomized, Blinded, Parallel, Three-Group, Phase II Trial (PAF Study)
Authors: Inuzuka Yusuke , Yamamoto-Hanada Kiwako , Pak Kyongsun , Miyoshi Takekazu , Kobayashi Tohru , Ohya Yukihiro 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory skin disease that causes health-related burdens associated with pruritus and poor quality of life. Our previous study demonstrated that moisturizer (2e) application has a primary preventive effect on AD. However, this effect was not observed in recent randomized control trials. Thus, the ideal moisturizer type and application frequency for preventing AD development in infants remains unclear. We hypothesize that twice daily application of moisturizer is more effective than once daily application. We predict that applying sufficient amounts of high-quality moisturizer may be effective for preventing AD development in neonates and infants. Here, we describe a protocol for comparing the efficacy of twice daily and once daily application of Fam's Baby™ moisturizer and once daily application of 2e moisturizer for preventing AD in neonates.MethodsThis study is a single-center, three-parallel group, assessor-blind, superiority, individually randomized, controlled, phase II trial. Sixty newborns with at least one parent or sibling who has had AD is randomly assigned to application of Fam's Baby twice daily, Fam's Baby once daily, or 2e once daily in a 1:1:1 ratio until 32 weeks old. The primary outcome is the time to the first onset of AD during administration of the moisturizer.DiscussionThis is the first phase II randomized, controlled trial in Japan to estimate how effective the twice daily or once daily application of Fam's Baby moisturizer is in preventing AD compared to the once daily application of 2e moisturizer. In this study, we will use 2e once daily as a control to confirm the efficacy for primary prevention of AD as found in our previous trial. Based on the results of this study, we hope to conduct a phase III study to determine the optimal method for preventing AD via moisturizer application. Evaluation of application of moisturizers for preventing AD in this study is expected to contribute to a reduction in the prevalence of AD and a reduction in health care costs.Trial registrationJapan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT); ID: jRCTs031200070.
Senescence State in Mesenchymal Stem Cells at Low Passages: Implications in Clinical Use
Authors: Alves-Paiva Raquel M. , Nascimento Sabrina do , De Oliveira Denise , Coa Larissa , Alvarez Kelen , Hamerschlak Nelson , Okamoto Oswaldo Keith , Marti Luciana C. , Kondo Andrea T. , Kutner Jose Mauro , Bortolini Maria Augusta Tezelli , Castro Rodrigo , Godoy Juliana A. Preto de 
Published: April 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in various tissues and are easily cultivated. For use in clinical protocols, MSCs must be expanded to obtain an adequate number of cells, but a senescence state may be instituted after some passages, reducing their replicative potential. In this study, we report a case where MSC derived from an elderly donor acquired a senescence state after three passages. The bone marrow was aspirated from a female patient submitted to a cell therapy for the incontinency urinary protocol; MSCs were cultivated with DMEM low glucose, supplemented with 10% autologous serum (AS) plus 1% L-glutamine and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic. Senescence analysis was performed by β-galactosidase staining after 24 and 48 h. Controls were established using BM-MSC from healthy donors and used for senescence and gene expression assays. Gene expression was performed using RT-PCR for pluripotency genes, such as SOX2, POU5F1, NANOG, and KLF4. MSC telomere length was measured by the Southern blotting technique, and MSCs were also analyzed for their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. The patient’s MSC expansion using AS displayed an early senescence state. In order to understand the role of AS in senescence, MSCs were then submitted to two different culture conditions: 1) with AS or 2) with FBS supplementation. Senescence state was assessed after 24 h, and no statistical differences were observed between the two conditions. However, patients’ cells cultured with AS displayed a higher number of senescence cells than FBS medium after 48 h (p = 0.0018). Gene expression was performed in both conditions; increased expression of KLF4 was observed in the patient’s cells in comparison to healthy controls (p = 0.0016); reduced gene expression was observed for NANOG (p = 0.0016) and SOX2 (p = 0.0014) genes. Telomere length of the patient’s cells was shorter than that of a healthy donor and that of a patient of similar age. Osteocyte differentiation seemed to be more diffuse than that of the healthy donor and that of the patient of similar age. MSCs could enter a senescence state during expansion in early passages and can impact MSC quality for clinical applications, reducing their efficacy when administered.
Dysregulated Erythroid Mg2+ Efflux in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ferreira Ana , Rivera Alicia , Wohlgemuth Jay G. , Dlott Jeffrey S. , Snyder L. Michael , Alper Seth L. , Romero Jose R. 
Published: April 2022

Hyperglycemia is associated with decreased Mg2+ content in red blood cells (RBC), but mechanisms remain unclear. We characterized the regulation of Mg2+ efflux by glucose in ex vivo human RBC. We observed that hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) values correlated with Na+-dependent Mg2+ efflux (Na+/Mg2+ exchange) and inversely correlated with cellular Mg content. Treatment of cells with 50 mM D-glucose, but not with sorbitol, lowered total cellular Mg (2.2 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.1 mM, p &lt; 0.01) and enhanced Na+/Mg2+ exchange activity [0.60 ± 0.09 to 1.12 ± 0.09 mmol/1013 cell × h (flux units, FU), p &lt; 0.05]. In contrast, incubation with selective Src family kinase inhibitors PP2 or SU6656 reduced glucose-stimulated exchange activation (p &lt; 0.01). Na+/Mg2+ exchange activity was also higher in RBC from individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D, 1.19 ± 0.13 FU) than from non-diabetic individuals (0.58 ± 0.05 FU, p &lt; 0.01). Increased Na+/Mg2+ exchange activity in RBC from T2D subjects was associated with lower intracellular Mg content. Similarly increased exchange activity was evident in RBC from the diabetic db/db mouse model as compared to its non-diabetic control (p &lt; 0.03). Extracellular exposure of intact RBC from T2D subjects to recombinant peptidyl-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) reduced Na+/Mg2+ exchange activity from 0.98 ± 0.14 to 0.59 ± 0.13 FU (p &lt; 0.05) and increased baseline intracellular Mg content (1.8 ± 0.1 mM) to normal values (2.1 ± 0.1 mM, p &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that the reduced RBC Mg content of T2D RBC reflects enhanced RBC Na+/Mg2+ exchange subject to regulation by Src family kinases and by the N-glycosylation state of one or more membrane proteins. The data extend our understanding of dysregulated RBC Mg2+ homeostasis in T2D.
Zebrafish Establish Female Germ Cell Identity by Advancing Cell Proliferation and Meiosis
Authors: Pan You-Jiun , Tong Sok-Keng , Hsu Chen-wei , Weng Jui-Hsia , Chung Bon-chu 
Published: April 2022

Zebrafish is a popular research model; but its mechanism of sex determination is unclear and the sex of juvenile fish cannot be distinguished. To obtain fish with defined sex, we crossed domesticated zebrafish with the Nadia strain that has a female-dominant W segment. These fish were placed on a ziwi:GFP background to facilitate sorting of fluorescent germ cells for transcriptomic analysis. We analyzed the transcriptomes of germ cells at 10–14 days postfertilization (dpf), when sex dimorphic changes started to appear. Gene ontology showed that genes upregulated in the 10-dpf presumptive females are involved in cell cycles. This correlates with our detection of increased germ cell numbers and proliferation. We also detected upregulation of meiotic genes in the presumptive females at 14 dpf. Disruption of a meiotic gene, sycp3, resulted in sex reversal to infertile males. The germ cells of sycp3 mutants could not reach diplotene and underwent apoptosis. Preventing apoptosis by disrupting tp53 restored female characteristics in sycp3 mutants, demonstrating that adequate germ cells are required for female development. Thus, our transcriptome and gene mutation demonstrate that initial germ cell proliferation followed by meiosis is the hallmark of female differentiation in zebrafish.
Clinical Feature, Therapy, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Distribution, and Outcome of Nosocomial Meningitis Induced by Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae—A Longitudinal Cohort Study From Two Neurosurgical Centers in Northern China
Authors: Zheng Guanghui , Shi Yijun , Cao Yanfei , Qian Lingye , Lv Hong , Zhang Lina , Zhang Guojun 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis is a comparative cohort study aiming to evaluate the mortality risk factors for patients with nosocomial meningitis (NM) induced by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) in China. The clinical features and therapies of patients and the resistance mechanisms of MDRE pathogens were also assessed.MethodsMDRE-NM patients from two neurosurgical centers in China from 2014 to 2019 were included in this study. Clinical features were extracted from the medical record databases of the two centers. The molecular mechanisms underlying the microbiological resistance mechanisms of each MDRE pathogen were determined, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted, and multivariable analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsNinety MDRE-NM patients were included in this study. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the highest proportion of causative pathogens (46/90, 51.1%), and 40 causative pathogens (44.4%) were meropenem-resistant. blaKPC (27/40, 67.5%) was the predominant carbapenem resistance gene. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that external ventricular drainage (EVD) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.524, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.101–5.787, p = 0.029] and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤;8 (HR = 4.033, 95% CI = 1.526–10.645, p = 0.005) were mortality risk factors for patients with MDRE-NM. A total of 90.0%, 94.4%, and 97.8% of MDRE-NM patients received antibiotic prophylaxis (AP), antibiotic empirical therapy (AET), and antibiotic definitive therapy (ADT), respectively.ConclusionsNM caused by MDRE is an important sign of the failure of neurosurgery. MDRE possesses multiple drug resistance genotypes, and EVD and a GCS score ≤;8 are independent mortality risk factors for patients with MDRE-NM, which deserve the attention of microbiologists and neurosurgical clinicians.
Comparative Efficacy of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin of a Fixed Dose in Heart Failure: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shi Zepeng , Gao Feng , Liu Wei , He Xuezhi 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe efficacy of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in sodium-glucose cotransport-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in patients with heart failure (HF) has been discovered. However, which drug could improve varied prognostic outcomes has not been elucidated. Hence, we compared their efficacies on the prognostic improvement of HF.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholars, and the Cochrane Library were searched for all related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to 13 October 2021. Network meta-analyses were performed to generate matrices to show the effect size for pairwise comparison regarding all the interventions.ResultsEventually a total of 11 RCTs were included in this study. For the primary endpoints, dapagliflozin was comparable with empagliflozin in hospitalization for HF, and empagliflozin (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.59–0.84) decreased the risk of exacerbation of HF over dapagliflozin. For the secondary endpoints, dapagliflozin was comparable with empagliflozin in cardiovascular (CV) death /hospitalization for HF, and for CV death, dapagliflozin (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.65–0.92) significantly reduced mortality over the placebo. For the tertiary endpoints, dapagliflozin (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.66–0.98) significantly decreased the mortality over empagliflozin in all-cause death, and neither drug significantly increased the risk of hypoglycemia.RecommendationsOverall, 10 mg/day dapagliflozin may be the optimal recommendation for its premium and comprehensive effect on improving the prognosis of patients with HF compared to 10 mg/day empagliflozin.
Quantifying Geodetic Mass Balance of the Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields Since 1976
Authors: McDonnell Morgan , Rupper Summer , Forster Richard 
Published: April 2022

Southern Andean glaciers contribute substantially to global sea-level rise. Unfortunately, mass balance estimates prior to 2000 are limited, hindering our understanding of the evolution of glacier mass changes over time. Elevation changes over 1976/1979 to 2000 derived from historical KH-9 Hexagon imagery and NASADEM provide the basis for geodetic mass balance estimates for subsets of the Northern Patagonian Icefield (NPI) and the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPI), extending current mass balance observations by ∼20 years. Geodetic mass balances were −0.63 ± 0.03 m w.e. yr−1 for 63% of the NPI and −0.33 ± 0.05 m w.e. yr−1 for 52% of the SPI glacierized areas for this historical period. We also extend previous estimates temporally by 25% using NASADEM and ASTER elevation trends for the period 2000 to 2020, and find geodetic mass balances of −0.86 ± 0.03 m w.e. yr−1 for 100% of the NPI and −1.23 ± 0.04 m w.e. yr−1 for 97% of the SPI glacierized areas. 2000–2020 aggregations for the same areas represented in the 1976/1979 to 2000 estimates are −0.78 ± 0.03 m w.e. yr−1 in the NPI and −0.80 ± 0.04 m w.e. yr−1 on the SPI. The significant difference in SPI geodetic mass balance in the modern period for 100% vs. 52% of the glacierized area suggests subsampling leads to significant biases in regional mass balance estimates. When we compare the same areas in each time period, the results highlight an acceleration of ice loss by a factor of 1.2 on the NPI and 2.4 on the SPI in the 21st century as compared to the 1976/1979 to 2000 period. While lake-terminating glaciers show the most significant increase in mass loss rate from 1976/1979–2000 to 2000–2020, mass balance trends are highly variable within glaciers of all terminus environments, which suggests that individual glacier sensitivity to climate change is dependent on a multitude of morphological and climatological factors.
Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Ferroptosis Conspiringly Induce Immunosuppressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment and γδ T-Cell Imbalance
Authors: Hu Yi , Chen Dan , Hong Minjing , Liu Jing , Li Yijia , Hao Jianlei , Lu Ligong , Yin Zhinan , Wu Yangzhe 
Published: April 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly malignant and prone to metastasize due to the heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Programmed cell deaths (PCDs) including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis routinely occur in the HCC TME and participate in tumorigenesis. However, how apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis are involved in constructions of the immunosuppressive TME and their underlying cross-talk remains to be further unveiled. In this work, we deciphered the immunosuppressive landscape of HCC TME, which demonstrated high expressions of inhibitory checkpoint molecules and infiltration of protumor immune cells but low infiltration of antitumor effector immune cells. Further investigations unequivocally revealed that marker genes of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis are closely correlated with expressions and infiltrations of inhibitory checkpoint molecules and immune cells and that higher “-optosis” links to poorer patient prognosis. Notably, such three types of “-optosis” interact with each other at both the gene and protein levels, suggesting that they conspiringly induce the establishment of the immunosuppressive HCC TME. Interestingly, examinations of circulating γδ T cells in HCC patients revealed a noticeable dysfunction phenotype. The strikingly elevated ratio of the Vδ1+ versus the Vδ2+ subset suggested that the Vδ1+/Vδ2+ ratio would be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis in HCC patients. Altogether, this work thoroughly decrypted the underlying correlations between apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis and the formation of immunosuppressive HCC TME and, meanwhile, indicated that allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T-cell transfer would be a promising adjuvant strategy for renormalizing circulating γδ T cell and thus achieving sound clinical efficacy against HCC.