bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As far as possible: The relationship between public awareness, social distance, and stigma towards people with intellectual disability
Authors: Tenorio Marcela , Arango Paulina Sofía , Aparicio Andrés , Ali Afia , Hassiotis Angela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch shows that people with intellectual disability (ID) face public stigma. However, a recently published narrative review suggests that this phenomenon has not been explored in a Latin American country. This study fills the gap in our understanding of public stigma towards people with intellectual disability in Chile. 395 adults from the general population (18 to 78 years) participated in the survey. Using the Intellectual Disability Literacy Scale, adapted for Chile, we explored the participants' literacy about ID, their causal beliefs, and desire of social distance. Only 1.3% of the sample identified intellectual disability in the instrument's vignette. The most common causal attribution for the condition was environmental, followed by biomedical factors. Participants showed a high desire of social distance, with higher scores associated with more educated participants. Our findings show that low literacy about intellectual disability and a high desire for social distance are significant factors contributing to public stigma in Chile. These are tangible targets for change that can lead to increased social inclusion and participation of people with intellectual disability in Chile. Any such approaches are likely to be transferable to other Latin American countries and could help reduce public stigma for this population.
VirA+EmiC project: Evaluating real‐world effectiveness and sustainability of integrated routine opportunistic hepatitis B and C testing in a large urban emergency department
Authors: Nebbia Gaia , Ruf Murad , Hunter Laura , Balasegaram Sooria , Wong Terry , Kulasegaram Ranjababu , Surey Julian , Khan Zana , Williams Jack , Karo Basel , Snell Luke , Flower Barnaby , Evans Hannah , Douthwaite Sam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInnovative testing approaches and care pathways are required to meet global hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination goals. Routine blood‐borne virus (BBV) testing in emergency departments (EDs) in high‐prevalence areas is suggested by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) but there is limited evidence for this. Universal HIV testing in our ED according to UK guidance has been operational since 2015. We conducted a real‐world service evaluation of a modified electronic patient record (EPR) system to include opportunistic opt‐out HBV/reflex‐HCV tests for any routine blood test orders for ED attendees aged ≥16 years. Reactive laboratory results were communicated directly to specialist clinical teams. Our model for contacting patients requiring linkage to care (new diagnoses/known but disengaged) evolved from initially primarily hospital‐led to collaborating with regional health and community service networks. Over 11 months, 81,088 patients attended the ED; 36,865 (45.5%) had a blood test. Overall uptake for both HBV and HCV testing was 75%. Seroprevalence was 0.9% for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 0.9% for HCV antigen (HCV‐Ag). 79% of 140 successfully contacted HBsAg+patients required linkage to care, of which 87% engaged. 76% of 130 contactable HCV‐Ag+patients required linkage, 52% engaged. Our results demonstrate effectiveness and sustainability of universal ED EPR opt‐out HBV/HCV testing combined with comprehensive linkage to care pathways, allowing care provision particularly for marginalized at‐risk groups with limited healthcare access. The findings support the ECDC BBV testing guidance and may inform future UK hepatitis testing guidance.
Hepatitis C antibody prevalence, correlates and barriers to care among people who inject drugs in Central California
Authors: Ozga Jenny E. , Syvertsen Jennifer L. , Pollini Robin A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHepatitis C (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a major public health concern. We examined correlates of HCV antibody (anti‐HCV) seropositivity and characteristics of prior HCV testing and treatment among PWID in Fresno, California, which has among the highest prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) in the United States. We surveyed 494 peer‐recruited PWID (≥18 years of age) in 2016 about their experiences with HCV testing and treatment, and conducted HCV and HIV antibody testing for all participants. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify correlates of anti‐HCV seropositivity. A majority (65%) tested positive for anti‐HCV, with 32% of those being unaware of their HCV status. Anti‐HCV seroprevalence was independently and positively associated with older age (AOR = 1.11 per year, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.17), years injecting (AOR = 1.08 per year, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.13), distributive syringe sharing (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.29, 5.94), having syringes confiscated by police (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.22, 5.74), ever trading sex (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.40, 8.81) and negatively associated with being Black/African American (non‐Hispanic) (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.47). Prior HCV testing was associated with older age, ever getting syringes from a syringe services program, and having interactions with police. For those aware of their anti‐HCV seropositivity, only 11% had initiated treatment; reasons for not seeing a physician regarding diagnosis included not feeling sick (23%), currently using drugs/alcohol (19%) and not knowing where to go for HCV medical care (19%). Our findings highlight the importance of expanding community‐based access to sterile syringes alongside HCV testing and treatment services, particularly at syringe service programs where PWID may be more comfortable seeking testing and treatment.
Development of new real‐time PCR methods for detection of Decapod iridescent virus 1 in shrimp
Authors: Sellars Melony J. , Franz Louise , Moser Ralf Joachim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNovel Decapod Iridescent virus (DIV1) infections emerged in mainland China around 2014 and have devastated shrimp aquaculture operations in Chinese coastal provinces. In 2020, DIV1 has spread to Taiwan with devastating results to shrimp and crayfish farms, in addition to being found in wild caught Penaeus monodon from the Indian Ocean. This trend is a major cause for concern and an urgent reminder to expand the tools needed to monitor the spread of DIV1 globally. Here, we describe a set of four different real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays positioned across the genome of DIV1 to detect the virus in shrimp tissues. All four assays show a wide dynamic range and high analytical sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the newly developed assays show excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in clinical Litopenaeus vannamei samples of North Asian origin. The new molecular toolset will enhance global capabilities to monitor the spread of DIV1 and ultimately be used as an early warning system for farmers and authorities to engage in appropriate risk mitigation strategies.
A double‐blind randomized, multicenter, placebo‐controlled study of itopride in functional dyspepsia postprandial distress syndrome
Authors: Carbone Florencia , Vandenberghe Alain , Holvoet Lieselot , Piessevaux Hubert , Arts Joris , Caenepeel Philippe , Staessen Dirk , Vergauwe Philippe , Maldague Philippe , De Ronde Thierry , Wuestenberghs Fabien , Lamy Vincent , Lefebvre Veronique , Latour Pascale , Vanuytsel Tim , Jones Michael , Tack Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundItopride, a mixed D2 antagonist and cholinesterase inhibitor, has prokinetic effects on gastric motility. The Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale is a validated patient‐reported outcome instrument for functional dyspepsia (FD) postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). We aimed to use the LPDS to assess treatment outcome in PDS and PDS/EPS (epigastric pain syndrome).MethodsPatients with PDS, with or without non‐predominant EPS symptoms, were enrolled in an 8‐week double‐blind placebo‐controlled multi‐center trial with itopride (100 mg t.i.d.). Patients completed LPDS diaries and questionnaires to assess treatment response. Mann–Whitney test and mixed models were used.ResultsOne hundred patients (79% females, 39.1 ± 1.5 yo) were included. No significant difference was observed between treatment arms (p = 0.6). Compared to baseline, itopride treatment significantly improved the LPDS score (p = 0.001) and all individual symptoms (p < 0.0001). In the placebo arm, this was only the case for belching and epigastric pain (p < 0.05). In an exploratory analysis, outcomes in “pure” PDS (n = 45) and overlapping PDS/EPS (n = 55) patients were assessed and showed that the latter subgroup has the largest benefit with itopride compared to placebo (p = 0.03).ConclusionUsing the LPDS score in a pilot controlled trial in FD, itopride shows no therapeutic benefit over placebo after 8 weeks of treatment. In an exploratory post hoc analysis, itopride but not placebo was associated with improvement of symptoms compared to baseline, and this was most prominent in patients with overlapping PDS/EPS. The efficacy of itopride in this subgroup needs to be evaluated in a large study using the same outcome measure. (clinialtrials.org ref.: NCT04647955).
Adiaphorisation and the digital nursing gaze: Liquid surveillance in long‐term care
Authors: Rubeis Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nursing gaze, that is the specific ways of observing the patient in nursing practice, has been the object of ethical debates for decades. It has been argued that the specific feature of observing patients in nursing is the stereoscopic vision that allows nurses to see the patient at the same time as a subject and a body. However, with the increased use of technology in nursing and the focus on quantifiable biomedical data, some commentators see a shift from the view of the patient as subject to the patient as body, which results in a de‐humanisation and objectification of patients. The new digital technologies in patient monitoring and surveillance add a further dimension to this topic. It is yet unclear how digital technologies affect the nursing gaze, and with it, nursing practice. Furthermore, the ethical implications of the digitally enhanced nursing gaze have yet to be analysed. It is the purpose of this study to make a first step in this direction. By focusing on digitally enhanced monitoring technologies in long‐term care, these technologies are interpreted as liquid surveillance, an approach introduced by Zygmunt Bauman. The Baumanian concept of adiaphorisation, that is the detachment of social action from moral evaluation, is used as normative framework of the analysis. The analysis shows that the tendency to remove surveillance practices from moral evaluation by framing them as enablers of an active, healthy life and as tools for caring for the vulnerable, the stereoscopic vision of the nursing gaze is undermined.
Use of a coronary guidewire to facilitate transseptal puncture: A randomized comparison with a conventional technique
Authors: Liu Lifeng , Wang Yuxing , Liu Zheng , Liu Ye , Liu Jiapeng , Yin Xiandong , Liu Xiaoqing , Yang Xinchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionTransseptal puncture (TSP) is routinely performed for left heart intervention, but it can sometimes be complex and life‐threatening. This study introduced a safe and effective method to facilitate TSP for left atrial access.Methods and resultsA total of 200 patients (190 with atrial fibrillation, 10 with a left accessory pathway) were prospectively analyzed. In the guidewire group, TSP was performed using a SWARTZ sheath and a Brockenbrough needle with a 0.014‐inch coronary guidewire instead of an inner stylet. The needle tip position was confirmed by pushing the guidewire into the left superior pulmonary vein after initial puncture in 100 patients. In the contrast group, TSP was performed in 100 patients using standard devices by injecting contrast to confirm needle‐tip position. Left atrial access was achieved successfully in all patients in the two groups without serious complications. The guidewire group showed a higher first‐pass rate for left atrial access compared with the contrast group (81.1% vs. 75% p < .001, respectively).ConclusionCoronary guidewire TSP is safe and is associated with a high success rate, and it is thus a useful alternative to conventional TSP. This method is useful for patients with septal aneurysms and contrast allergies.
Networked reports: Commissioning and production of expert reports on Swedish health care governance
Authors: Svallfors Stefan , Falkenström Erica , Hammar Corrie , Höglund Anna T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe article analyzes the commissioning and production of expert reports about Swedish health care management and governance. We show that these reports are rarely solitary stand‐alone products, but tend to form clusters in an evolving discourse centered around specific policy solutions. We also show that the most important producers of such reports tend to come from a small circle of informally recruited academics and policy experts representing a narrow segment of academic disciplines. We point to some of the risks involved in this structure of knowledge production and argue that reports: (a) may form their own environment rather than address real problems; (b) may reproduce certain taken‐for‐granted assumptions and critical lacunae; (c) may have their impact decided by their network connections rather than by their intellectual content; and (d) represent a structure that provides opportunities for special interests to enter the process.Related ArticlesCaliskan, Cantay. 2020. “The Influence of Elite Networks on Green Policy Making.” Politics & Policy 48(6): 1104–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12382Selling, Niels, and Stefan Svallfors. 2019. “The Lure of Power: Career Paths and Considerations among Policy Professionals in Sweden.” Politics & Policy 47(5): 984–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12325Shen, Yongdong, Meng U. Ieong, and Zihang Zhu. 2022. “The Function of Expert Involvement in China's Local Policy Making.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12450
Influence of abiotic drivers on 1‐year seedling survival of six mangrove species in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sloey Taylor M. , Lim Kiah Eng , Moore Jared , Heng Jie Min , Heng Jia Min , van Breugel Michiel 
Published: March 2022

Establishment and survival of plant species in systems with dominant environmental drivers (i.e. factors that exert disproportionate control over species establishment and survival) is often thought to be dominated by one master variable. In forested wetlands such as mangroves, hydrology is typically considered the dominant limiting driver. At the same time, light is a major driver of plant community dynamics, with some of the best understood plant life‐history tradeoffs related to fast growth under high‐light conditions versus survival under low‐light conditions. Yet light is given relatively limited consideration in mangrove research compared to other drivers. Understanding the relative importance of abiotic drivers for seedling survival is crucial for effective management and restoration of mangrove ecosystems. Despite increasing global efforts to plant mangrove propagules at elevations appropriate for the hydrologic conditions needed at early life history stages, restoration efforts report low survival of planted propagules. Although many studies have made considerable progress to characterize the abiotic limitations of mangrove propagule establishment, fewer studies have addressed multiple abiotic drivers that limit the survival of the established seedling stage. We characterized the light and inundation conditions of more than 900 naturally established mangrove seedlings and monitored the survival of more than 2,800 seedlings (including 16 species) located on a species‐rich island in tropical Southeast Asia for 1 year. Our findings suggest that light has a stronger effect than hydrology on survival following seedling establishment. We provide a conceptual visualization of shifts in the drivers of mangrove survival/loss throughout ontogeny.
A Dynamic Structural Equation Approach to Estimate the Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Authors: Gamerman Dani , Ippoliti Luigi , Valentini Pasquale 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDetailed knowledge on the effects of air pollutants on human health is a prerequisite for the development of effective policies to reduce the adverse impact of ambient air pollution. However, measuring the effect of exposure on health outcomes is an extremely difficult task as the health impact of air pollution is known to vary over space and over different exposure periods. In general, standard approaches aggregate the information over space or time to simplify the study but this strategy fails to recognize important regional differences and runs into the well-known risk of confounding the effects. However, modelling directly with the original, disaggregated data requires a highly dimensional model with the curse of dimensionality making inferences unstable; in these cases, the models tend to retain many irrelevant components and most relevant effects tend to be attenuated. The situation clearly calls for an intermediate solution that does not blindly aggregate data while preserving important regional features. We propose a dimension-reduction approach based on latent factors driven by the data. These factors naturally absorb the relevant features provided by the data and establish the link between pollutants and health outcomes, instead of forcing a necessarily high-dimensional link at the observational level. The dynamic structural equation approach is particularly suited for this task. The latent factor approach also provides a simple solution to the spatial misalignment caused by using variables with different spatial resolutions and the state-space representation of the model favours the application of impulse response analysis. Our approach is discussed through the analysis of the short-term effects of air pollution on hospitalization data from Lombardia and Piemonte regions (Italy).
The “p‐hacking‐is‐terrific” ocean ‐ A cartoon for teaching statistics
Authors: Guo Dinghan , Ma Yue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractP‐hacking is fishing for statistical significance through repeated testing on massive data. It would lead to spurious findings, misguide social practice and policy making, and thus should be avoided. Teaching about p‐hacking is important, yet challenging. Cartoons are effective edutainment tools to engage students in learning statistical concepts. We created a cartoon and discussed how to use it in teaching about p‐hacking by guiding students to think and answer a list of questions. This cartoon can be helpful with teaching both statistics courses and applied seminar courses in various other disciplines. Students are expected to gain a better understanding of multiple issues related to p‐hacking, including its occurrence due to repeated testing, the problems with using an arbitrary threshold for the P‐value and comparing statistical significance, the distinction between statistical vs scientific significance, the approach for interpreting testing results with a holistic view, and the strategies to avoid p‐hacking.
Progressive genetic modifications of porcine cardiac xenografts extend survival to 9 months
Authors: Mohiuddin Muhammad M. , Goerlich Corbin E. , Singh Avneesh K. , Zhang Tianshu , Tatarov Ivan , Lewis Billeta , Sentz Faith , Hershfeld Alena , Braileanu Gheorghe , Odonkor Patrick , Strauss Erik , Williams Brittney , Burke Allen , Hittman Jamie , Bhutta Adnan , Tabatabai Ali , Gupta Anuj , Vaught Todd , Sorrells Lori , Kuravi Kasinath , Dandro Amy , Eyestone Will , Kaczorowski David J. , Ayares David , Griffith Bartley P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report orthotopic (life‐supporting) survival of genetically engineered porcine cardiac xenografts (with six gene modifications) for almost 9 months in baboon recipients. This work builds on our previously reported heterotopic cardiac xenograft (three gene modifications) survival up to 945 days with an anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibody‐based immunosuppression. In this current study, life‐supporting xenografts containing multiple human complement regulatory, thromboregulatory, and anti‐inflammatory proteins, in addition to growth hormone receptor knockout (KO) and carbohydrate antigen KOs, were transplanted in the baboons. Selective “multi‐gene” xenografts demonstrate survival greater than 8 months without the requirement of adjunctive medications and without evidence of abnormal xenograft thickness or rejection. These data demonstrate that selective “multi‐gene” modifications improve cardiac xenograft survival significantly and may be foundational for paving the way to bridge transplantation in humans.
Antisloshing Trajectories for High-Acceleration Motions in Automatic Machines
Authors: Guagliumi Luca , Berti Alessandro , Monti Eros , Carricato Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the design of antisloshing trajectories for application in automatic machines for packaging liquid products, with specific reference to cylindrical containers and emphasis on prescribed motion durations. Different strategies, based on a discrete linear model of the sloshing phenomenon and applicable in real-time, are analyzed to perform antisloshing feedforward control of the container motion: finite impulse response (FIR) filters (input shapers and others), dynamic-model inversion, and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. Unlike the previous literature, these strategies are applied to highly dynamical motion laws, with maximum accelerations from 4 m/s2 to 13 m/s2. The effectiveness of the proposed antisloshing trajectories is assessed by experiments.
Preparing osteopathy graduates for future careers: A review of osteopathic education in Australia
Authors: Mastronardo Chanelle , Wong Douglas , Grace Sandra , Fazalbhoy Azharuddin , Muddle Lee 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Osteopathy in Australia faces an uncertain future as an unprecedented number of graduates enter the profession. While most are destined to work in private practice, workforce data suggests that limited career diversity and practitioner maldistribution are associated with growing rates of job dissatisfaction and professional attrition. Cultivating employability skills that promote diverse careers is the responsibility of education providers, yet it is unclear whether existing osteopathy programs are achieving this. Our aim was to determine if osteopathic curricula provide the employability skills required to prepare graduates for diverse careers.Methods: This study was conducted as part of a larger project by RMIT University and Osteopathy Australia entitled “Strategic plan for the osteopathy profession 2030”. A two-part approach was utilised. Part A involved a comparison of core learning outcomes (contained within current Australian osteopathy curricula) against key employability skills required for success in a diverse range of careers. A consensus development panel was consulted in Part B to capture the perspectives of experts in the field. Results: Content analysis and expert panel discussions identified the curricula has a strong focus on critical thinking, communication and problem solving and less focus on teamwork, leadership, initiative and enterprise and technological skills. Furthermore, osteopathy programs offer limited elective and micro-credentialing opportunities. Conclusions: Career diversity and increased job satisfaction for osteopathy graduates may be achieved by empowering them with the skills to succeed in careers beyond private practice. This calls for curriculum reforms and expanded elective and micro-credentialing options to enable students to broaden their skills and widen their options.