bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of Fe2O3‐OPEFB‐PTFE nanocomposites for microwave shielding applications
Authors: Khamis Ahmad Mamoun , Abbas Zulkifly , Azis Raba'ah Syahidah , Mensah Ebenezer Ekow , Alhaji Ibrahim Abubakar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of microwave shielding nanocomposites based on recycled hematite nanoparticles, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was the main focus of this study. The complex permeability (μ′–jμ″), complex permittivity (ε′–jε″), reflection coefficient (S11), and transmission coefficient (S21) were determined using rectangular waveguide (RWG) connected to a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. The power loss, reflection loss, and total shielding effectiveness (SE) were calculated using the scattering parameters obtained through RWG. The results showed that the nanocomposites' microwave shielding properties can be controlled by tuning the percentage of Fe2O3 nanofiller in the nanocomposites. The values of ε′, ε″, μ′, and μ″ were enhanced by increasing the content of the recycled Fe2O3 nanofiller in the nanocomposites. At 10 GHz, the power loss values obtained for the nanocomposites ranged between 8.52 and 15.64 dB, while at 12.4 GHz, a maximum value of 16.32 dB was achieved by 25 wt%. nanocomposite. The total SE also increased with increasing Fe2O3 loading and a maximum value of 21.2 dB was achieved by 25 wt% nanocomposite at 12.4 GHz. The Fe2O3‐OPEFB‐PTFE nanocomposites have the potential to be used in microwave shielding applications in the frequency range 8.2–12.4 GHz.
Effects of shear stress on the behavior of volatile bubbles in the high‐density polyethylene melt
Authors: Huang Zhengliang , Wu Dan , Xu Lei , Yang Yao , Shuai Yun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel visualization system, in which polymer melt is sheared by a sliding plate, was established to simulate different pressure shear zones of the screw extruder. In this work, the nucleation, growth, coalescence, and breakup of n‐hexane bubbles in the high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) melt under shear stress were observed through a high‐speed camera. It was found that the nucleation rate of bubbles in the HDPE melt increased with the shear rate. Moreover, the bubble diameter at high‐pressure shear zones decreased with time until bubbles disappeared but increased with time at low‐pressure shear zones. A modified prediction model of bubble coalescence time at high‐pressure shear zones was established, and the relative deviation was less than 1%. Three bubble breakup modes, that is, tensile breakup, erosive breakup, and breakup at the gas–liquid interface, were observed under shear. Finally, a new mechanism of foam devolatilization in the screw extruder was proposed.
Modified Wendelburg caudomedial approach for treatment of a distomedial humeral condylar fracture in a cat
Authors: Almeida Mariana , Yeadon Russell , Livet Veronique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old outdoor cat presenting with a progressive 5‐month duration right thoracic limb lameness was diagnosed with an articular fracture of the distal caudomedial part of the right humeral condyle. Surgical repair was performed via the modified Wendelburg caudomedial approach to the elbow using a positional screw to reduce the fragment and applying a temporary transarticular external skeletal fixator. Three weeks after surgery, the transarticular external fixator was removed and 6 weeks after surgery, a CT scan was performed revealing satisfactory bone healing. Eight months after the surgery, the cat had no lameness and a normal level of exercise.
“The influence of olfactory enrichment on the behavior of two captive New World primates: Black‐capped capuchin (Sapajus apella) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)”
Authors: Wowk Zoia M. , Behie Alison M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment is an animal husbandry principle that seeks to provide the stimuli necessary for the optimal physiological and psychological well‐being of animals. Due to primates having highly developed visual systems, there have been limited attempts to quantify the benefit of olfactory enrichment on captive primate populations. We aim to investigate how a range of odors may influence the behaviors of two captive New World primate species that have varying reliance on olfactory pathways, black‐capped capuchin (Sapajus apella) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), at the National Zoo and Aquarium, Canberra, Australia. We presented three odors (rosemary oil, Salvia rosmarinus, banana essence and white‐tailed deer urine, Odocoileus virginianus) four different times to the two species following a 12‐week randomized schedule. Using instantaneous scan sampling we collected behavioral and direct cloth interaction (DCI) data on 40 days. We then calculated activity budgets. Results show both species significantly respond to different olfactory conditions. S. apella responded to banana by decreasing inactivity (df = 4, F = 6.600, p = .007), and increasing DCI frequencies (df = 3, F = 116.196, p < .0001) whereas C. jacchus was influenced by rosemary and deer urine—also reducing inactivity levels (df= 4, F = 15.938, p < .0001), but not changing DCI frequencies. We also tested habituation however it is not significant for either species over the course of the study. This comparative investigation is one of the first of its kind and uncovers the possibility for olfactory stimulus to be successfully used as a type of beneficial environmental enrichment for captive primates, supporting the constructive and ongoing development of enrichment programs at captive facilities.
The Role of the Online Instructor
Authors: Dennen Vanessa P. , Jones Melissa K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOnline instructors draw upon a complex set of skills, activities, and values to meet the needs of students who are separated from them by time and/or space, but united with them through digital technologies. Berge (1995) introduced the idea that the instructor’s job could be represented through four interrelated roles: pedagogical, managerial, social, and technological. Instructors who develop expertise in all four of these dimensions are well-situated for supporting online students, who similarly must navigate these dimensions. This chapter explores each of these roles and their relationship to online learning. Two additional areas of concern for online instructors, the ethical dimension and the networked dimension, are also discussed.
Relation between spectra of Narain CFTs and properties of associated boolean functions
Authors: Furuta Yuma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, the construction of Narain CFT from a certain class of quantum error correcting codes has been discovered. In particular, the spectral gap of Narain CFT corresponds to the binary distance of the code, not the genuine Hamming distance. In this paper, we show that the binary distance is identical to the so-called EPC distance of the boolean function uniquely associated with the quantum code. Therefore, seeking Narain CFT with large spectral gap can be addressed by getting a boolean function with high EPC distance. Furthermore, this problem can be undertaken by finding lower Peak-to-Average Power ratio (PAR) with respect to the binary truth table of the boolean function. Though this is neither sufficient nor necessary condition for high EPC distance, we construct some examples of relatively high EPC distances referring to the constructions for lower PAR. We also see that codes with high distance are related to induced graphs with low independence numbers.
A multi-fidelity active learning method for global design optimization problems with noisy evaluations
Authors: Pellegrini Riccardo , Wackers Jeroen , Broglia Riccardo , Serani Andrea , Visonneau Michel , Diez Matteo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA multi-fidelity (MF) active learning method is presented for design optimization problems characterized by noisy evaluations of the performance metrics. Namely, a generalized MF surrogate model is used for design-space exploration, exploiting an arbitrary number of hierarchical fidelity levels, i.e., performance evaluations coming from different models, solvers, or discretizations, characterized by different accuracy. The method is intended to accurately predict the design performance while reducing the computational effort required by simulation-driven design (SDD) to achieve the global optimum. The overall MF prediction is evaluated as a low-fidelity trained surrogate corrected with the surrogates of the errors between consecutive fidelity levels. Surrogates are based on stochastic radial basis functions (SRBF) with least squares regression and in-the-loop optimization of hyperparameters to deal with noisy training data. The method adaptively queries new training data, selecting both the design points and the required fidelity level via an active learning approach. This is based on the lower confidence bounding method, which combines the performance prediction and the associated uncertainty to select the most promising design regions. The fidelity levels are selected considering the benefit-cost ratio associated with their use in the training. The method’s performance is assessed and discussed using four analytical tests and three SDD problems based on computational fluid dynamics simulations, namely the shape optimization of a NACA hydrofoil, the DTMB 5415 destroyer, and a roll-on/roll-off passenger ferry. Fidelity levels are provided by both adaptive grid refinement and multi-grid resolution approaches. Under the assumption of a limited budget for function evaluations, the proposed MF method shows better performance in comparison with the model trained by high-fidelity evaluations only.
Conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy versus transumbilical and suprapubic single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy using only conventional laparoscopic instruments
Authors: Wu Shaohan , Shen Yiyu , Wang Jing , Wei Jinquan , Chen Xujian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) is usually performed using single-port instruments, which may restrict its development and application. This study explored the performance of transumbilical SILA (TSILA) and suprapubic SILA (SSILA) using only conventional laparoscopic instruments and compared them with conventional three-hole/port laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA).

Methods
This retrospective study included 174 patients who underwent CLA, TSILA, or SSILA for acute appendicitis at our hospital between June 2019 and July 2021. Demographic data and clinical outcomes were compared among the three groups.

Results
Compared with CLA, TSILA was associated with significant reductions in postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, and hospital cost, while SSILA was associated with significant reductions in length of hospital stay and hospital cost (all P < 0.05). Significantly more patients in the two SILA groups were cosmetically satisfied than those in the CLA group (all P < 0.05). However, compared with CLA, SSILA required a significantly longer operative time (65.3 ± 24.1 vs 56.5 ± 20.9, P = 0.039). Besides, compared with TSILA, SSILA showed significantly higher postoperative pain score (2 ± 2 vs 3 ± 2, P = 0.006). Mild incisional or intraabdominal infections were noticed in 2 (3.0%) patients in the CLA group, 3 (5.1%) in the TSILA group, and 3 (6.3%) in the SSILA group (P = 0.69).

Conclusion
SILA performed with only conventional laparoscopic instruments was associated with reduced hospital stay and cost and higher cosmetic satisfaction in comparison to CLA. However, it is technically demanding and may increase operative time.
New approaches for studying the functional anatomy of the phallus in Lepidoptera
Authors: Zlatkov Boyan , Vergilov Vladislav , Sivilov Ognyan , Pérez Santa-Rita José Vicente , Baixeras Joaquín 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExisting techniques for examining the everted vesica (endophallus) of Lepidoptera are based primarily on cuticular preparations macerated with a caustic solution for taxonomic study. These techniques destroy muscles and other soft tissue, thus studies of the functional anatomy of the skeletomuscular apparatus of the phallus are not possible. Injection of formaldehyde solution into the phallus of fresh specimens is proposed as a new approach for studying the intact anatomy of this structure. The new technique results in simultaneously everting and fixing the vesica, resulting in a better approximation of its functional shape. This method produces properly fixed tissues and the whole structure can be processed for various further studies, including histology sectioning, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The commonly used stubs for scanning electron microscopes do not allow observation of the sample from all aspects. This problem was solved by the modification of a commercially available stub. The device allows 360° rotation of the phallus, and the concept can be applied for observation of other objects as well.
Using stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) values from feces and breath to infer shorebird diets
Authors: Kuwae Tomohiro , Hosoya Jun , Ichimi Kazuhiko , Watanabe Kenta , Drever Mark C. , Moriya Toshifumi , Elner Robert W. , Hobson Keith A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) from feces and breath offers potential as non-destructive tools to assess diets and nutrition. How stable isotope values derived from breath and feces compare with those from commonly used tissues, such as blood fractions and liver, remains uncertain, including understanding the metabolic routing of dietary nutrients. Here, we measured δ13C and δ15N from feces and δ13C of breath from captive Red-necked Stints (Calidris ruficollis) and 26 species of wild-caught migratory shorebirds (n = 259 individuals) and compared them against isotopic values from blood and feathers. For captive birds fed either cereal- or fish-based diets, differences in δ13C between feces and lipid-free diet were small, − 0.2 ± 0.5‰ and 0.1 ± 0.3‰, respectively, and differences in δ15N, − 0.7 ± 0.5‰ and − 0.5 ± 0.5‰, respectively. Hence, δ13C and δ15N values from feces can serve as proxies for ingested proteinaceous tissues and non-soluble carbohydrates because isotopic discrimination can be considered negligible. Stable isotope values in plasma and feces were strongly correlated in wild-caught shorebirds, indicating feces can be used to infer assimilated macronutrients. Breath δ13C was 1.6 ± 0.8‰ to 5.6 ± 1.2‰ lower than bulk food sources, and breath C derived from lipids was estimated at 47.5% (cereal) to 96.1% (fish), likely underlining the importance of dietary lipids for metabolism. The findings validate the use of stable isotope values of feces and breath in isotopic assays to better understand the dietary needs of shorebirds.
Three-dimensional density tomography determined from multi-directional muography of the Omuroyama scoria cone, Higashi–Izu monogenetic volcano field, Japan
Authors: Nagahara Shogo , Miyamoto Seigo , Morishima Kunihiro , Nakano Toshiyuki , Koyama Masato , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScoria cone is one of the basic forms of volcanoes, and clarifying its detailed internal structure and magma movement during its formation is important for understanding the nature of eruptions and also for volcanic disaster mitigation. We conducted a multi-directional muographic survey of the Omuroyama scoria cone, Japan, in order to determine the three-dimensional density structure of the scoria cone. We used a nuclear emulsion detector optimized for multi-directional muography that was installed at 11 sites around the volcano. Muon tracks recorded on emulsion films were read with a high-speed automated readout system. We obtained the three-dimensional density structure by applying a linear inversion to the muographic images, and evaluated the uncertainties. High-density zones were detected in scoria cone. Based on these observations and detailed topographic and geological constraints, we infer that high-density zones are the central, highly welded vent of the scoria cone, three-directional radial dikes extending from the central vent, respectively. We also infer that an E-W-trending dike fed a small lava flow, and that a SSE-NNW-trending dike caused a small flank eruption and produced a crater on the flank of the cone. Our results visualize the three-dimensional internal structure of volcanoes with novel resolution, and thereby demonstrate that the formation process of volcanoes can be discussed in detail. Since it has been difficult to directly detect such clear visualization of the internal structures and eruptive processes in the past, multi-directional muography has resulted in providing one hope for understanding volcanic activity.
Simplified Hydraulic Jacking Test to Assess Fracture Normal Stress for Unlined Pressure Tunnels: A Field Experiment Using the Rapid Step-Rate Test
Authors: Ødegaard Henki , Nilsen Bjørn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental campaign where a simplified test method. The Rapid Step-Rate Test (RSRT) has been investigated in a full-scale field setting. The test, originally developed to assess rock stresses for pressure tunnel considerations, had in an earlier laboratory study demonstrated a promising ability to assess the magnitude of fracture normal stress. The field campaign presented herein was therefore aimed at assessing the field applicability of this test. The field experiments were conducted inside the pressure tunnel of the Løkjelsvatn Hydroelectric Power Plant in Norway, under field conditions identical to those for which the test originally was developed. A total of 29 individual tests were conducted in 7 boreholes, providing 20 test cycles with interpretable test results. The stress estimates made from the test cycles not affected by the near-field stress of the tunnel showed good correlation with the magnitude of minimum principal stress found from a preceding hydraulic fracturing and over-coring stress measurement campaign. The experience from the field campaign suggests that the RSRT can represent an efficient and reliable method to assess the magnitude of minimum principal stress, particularly useful for the final design of unlined pressure tunnels.
Garden cress gum and maltodextrin as microencapsulation coats for entrapment of garden cress phenolic-rich extract: improved thermal stability, storage stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Abdel-Aty Azza M. , Barakat Amal Z. , Mohamed Saleh A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe obtained garden cress 6-day sprouts phenolic-rich extract (GCSP) contained efficient health-promoting antioxidant-phenolic compounds. To improve the stability, bioavailability, and functional properties of these valuable phenolic compounds, GCSP was encapsulated by freeze-drying technique using different ratios of garden cress gum (GG) and maltodextrin (M) in the absence and presence of sonication (S). The prepared S/GG-microcapsule retained the highest phenolic content (95%), antioxidant activity (141.6%), and encapsulation efficiency (98.2%). It displayed the highest bio-accessibility of GCSP-phenolic compounds in simulated intestine fluid (87%) and demonstrated the greatest storage-stability at 40 °C for 60 days. S/GG-microcapsule possessed better physical properties including moisture, solubility, swelling, and morphological structures using SEM. The main spectral features, crosslinking, and improved thermal stability were demonstrated for S/GG-microcapsule using FTIR and thermogravimetric analyses. S/GG-microcapsule demonstrated much greater antibacterial activity than GCSP against pathogenic bacteria. S/GG-microcapsule can be added to different food products to improve their antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
Context-effect bias in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.): exploring decoy influences in a value-based food choice task
Authors: Marini Marco , Boschetti Chiara , Gastaldi Serena , Addessi Elsa , Paglieri Fabio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDecision making is known to be liable to several context effects. In particular, adding a seemingly irrelevant alternative (decoy) to a set of options can modify preferences: typically, by increasing choices towards whatever option clearly dominates the decoy (attraction effect), but occasionally also decreasing its appeal and generating a shift in the opposite direction (repulsion effect). Both types of decoy effects violate rational choice theory axioms and suggest dynamic processes of preference-formation, in which the value of each alternative is not determined a priori, but it is instead constructed by comparing options during the decision process. These effects are well documented, both in humans and in other species: e.g., amoebas, ants, honeybees, frogs, birds, cats, dogs. However, evidence of decoy effects in non-human primates remains surprisingly mixed. This study investigates decoy effects in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.), manipulating time pressure across different conditions, to test whether such effects require time-consuming comparative processes among available alternatives. Whereas the time-dependent nature of decoy effects is a robust finding in the human literature, this is its first investigation in non-human animals. Our results show that capuchins exhibit an attraction effect with decoys targeting their preferred food, and that this effect disappears under time pressure; moreover, we observe preliminary evidence of a repulsion effect when decoys target instead the less-preferred food, possibly due to the larger distance between decoy and target in the attribute space. Taken together, these results provide valuable insight on the evolutionary roots of comparative decision making.
Multi-objective variational autoencoder: an application for smart infrastructure maintenance
Authors: Anaissi Ali , Zandavi Seid Miad , Suleiman Basem , Naji Mohamad , Braytee Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMulti-way data analysis has become an essential tool for capturing underlying structures in higher-order data sets where standard two-way analysis techniques often fail to discover the hidden correlations between variables in multi-way data. We propose a multi-objective variational autoencoder (MO-VAE) method for smart infrastructure damage detection and diagnosis in multi-way sensing data based on the reconstruction probability of autoencoder deep neural network (ADNN). Our method fuses data from multiple sensors in one ADNN at which informative features are being extracted and utilized for damage identification. It generates probabilistic anomaly scores to detect damage, asses its severity and further localize it via a new localization layer introduced in the ADNN. We evaluated our method on multi-way laboratory-based and real-life structural datasets in the area of structural health monitoring for damage diagnosis purposes. The data was collected from our deployed data acquisition system on a cable-stayed bridge in Western Sydney, a reinforced concrete cantilever beam which replicates one of the major structural components on the Sydney Harbour Bridge and a laboratory based building structure obtained from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately detect structural damage. It was also able to estimate the different levels of damage severity, and capture damage locations in an unsupervised aspect. Compared to the state-of-the-art approaches, our proposed method shows better performance in terms of damage detection and localization.