bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the deployment of algorithms combined with direct electronic access increase conduct risk? Evidence from the LME
Authors: Culley Alexander Conrad 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of two regulatory initiatives in developing awareness of conduct risk associated with algorithmic and direct-electronic access (DEA) trading at broker-dealers: the UK Financial Conduct Authority’s algorithmic trading compliance in the wholesale markets and Commission Delegated Regulation 2017/589 (CDR 589) to the second Markets in Financial Instruments Directive.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative examination of 15 semi-structured interviews with representatives of London Metal Exchange member firms, their clients and regulators.FindingsThis paper finds that the key conduct related messages in algorithmic trading compliance in the wholesale markets may not yet be fully embedded at broker–dealers. This is because of a perceived simplicity of the algorithms deployed by broker dealers or, alternatively, a lack of reflection on their impact. Conversely, a concern exists that clients’ deployment of algorithms on DEA channels provided by broker–dealers increase conduct risk. However, the threat of harm posed by clients is not envisaged in current definitions of conduct risk. Accordingly, CDR 2017/589 does not currently require firms to evaluate clients’ awareness of it.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s findings are limited to the insights provided by 15 participants.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to existing research by deepening understanding of conduct risk arising from algorithmic trading and DEA. To account for the potential harm arising from clients’ activities, this paper proposes a revision to Miles’s definition of conduct risk. This is complemented by a proposed amendment to CDR 2017/589 to require evaluation of clients’ understanding of conduct risk.
Disentangling the elements of PsyCap as drivers for work, organization and social engagement in knowledge-intensive work
Authors: Toth Ilona , Heinänen Sanna , Kianto Aino 
Published: August 2022

PurposeIn response to a growing interest in worker well-being in a work-life which is experiencing fundamental transformations, this paper builds and tests a research model on the role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in three different forms of engagement at work. Engagement at work has been identified as one of the most significant drivers of successful work performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 396 highly specialized knowledge workers through anonymous questionnaires. Research hypotheses were tested with linear models.FindingsAnalysis results indicate that all three forms of engagement are affected by PsyCap which consists of self-efficacy, resilience, hope and optimism, but the effect of individual dimensions is not the same for different forms of engagement at work.Practical implicationsIt is argued that paying more attention to personal resources, such as the dimensions of PsyCap, and acknowledging diversity among individual workers offer possibilities for increasing employee performance. HR personnel can benefit organizational performance by boosting different dimensions of employees’ PsyCap for different engagement purposes.Originality/valueThis paper takes a wider perspective on engagement at work, arguing that also organization engagement and social engagement, together with work engagement, are important factors for employee well-being and performance in work society.
Literature review as a key step in research processes: case study of MA dissertations written on EFL of Saudi context
Authors: Alsalami Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study is to find out the most common types of literature review and the accuracy of citing information related to topic in question among Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) postgraduate students at Al-Baha University. This study also aims at revealing the quality of the literature review written by researchers.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study used content analysis to investigate 15 unpublished Master of Arts (MA) dissertations written on EFL of Saudi context. They were analyzed qualitatively using criteria modified from Snyder's (2019) model which is considered a potential method for making theoretical and practical contributions of literature review.FindingsThe findings of the study showed that students favored the systematic review over the integrative. Additionally, data showed that students were lacking in paraphrasing and organizing cited information coherently and appropriately. Moreover, students' performance was better in design, conduct, and data abstraction and analysis criterion, whereas they seemed rather weak in structuring and writing the review criteria.Originality/valueThe significance of the study is to provide researchers with methodological guidance and reference to write a comprehensive and appropriate literature review. Based on the findings, this study concluded with some implications that aim to assist researchers in carrying out their studies professionally. Furthermore, the findings provide decision-makers in higher education institutions with important practical implications. In light of the study's findings, it is suggested to carry out further research investigating postgraduate students to find out their perceptions and attitudes regarding the quality standards of scientific research writing and the paraphrasing strategies.
Learning organizations in emerging economies: the effect of knowledge management on innovative culture in Chilean companies
Authors: Acevedo Juan , Diaz-Molina Ivan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore the impact of knowledge management (KM) on the development of an innovative culture in learning organizations from emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative study using a survey was carried out, achieving a pooled cross-sectional sample of 10,567 workers, made up of 69 larger Chilean companies.

Findings
Results were analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis and multilevel regression analysis techniques. The findings provide insights into the positive and significant effect of KM – as acquisition, dissemination and responsiveness to knowledge – on innovative culture.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that managers become more successful in their overall innovative efforts when implementing routines of knowledge or know-how practices that generate a learning culture characterized through discovery skills, creativity, empowerment and cooperation.

Originality/value
This is an original study that introduces valuable information on learning organizations in emerging markets, contrasting to traditional literature and frequently focusing on developed countries. This study explains the cultural change in learning organizations through KM’s role, which offers routinization of learning practices to facilitate an innovative culture.
Are progressive chief prosecutors effective in reducing prison use and cumulative racial/ethnic disadvantage? Evidence from Florida
Authors: Mitchell Ojmarrh , Mora Daniela Oramas , Sticco Tracey L. , Boggess Lyndsay N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryProgressive chief prosecutors, campaigning on platforms calling for reducing prison populations and racial/ethnic disparities, have been elected in numerous jurisdictions across the United States in recent years. Yet, there is no empirical research that compares case outcomes between jurisdictions headed by progressive and traditional chief prosecutors. In this research, we utilize a cumulative case outcome approach that tracks cases from arrest to disposition to examine whether cases prosecuted under progressive chief prosecutors receive less punitive sanctions and exhibit smaller racial/ethnic disparities. We find that cases adjudicated in progressive jurisdictions are more likely to end without a felony conviction and less likely to result in a prison sentence. Racial but not generally ethnic disadvantage is evident in case outcomes, and racial disparities are smaller in jurisdictions led by progressive chief prosecutors.Policy ImplicationsThe election of progressive prosecutors is a radical departure from earlier approaches aimed at controlling prison populations and mitigating racial disparities. Instead of restricting the discretion of criminal justice actors, voters are relying on progressive, reformist prosecutors to use their enormous discretion in less punitive and more egalitarian fashions. This research indicates that progressive chief prosecutors do, in fact, reduce prison use and racial disparities.
Comparative safety of Janus kinase inhibitors and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients undergoing treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fang Yao‐Fan , Liu Jia‐Rou , Chang Shu‐Hao , Kuo Chang‐Fu , See Lai‐Chu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesSince 2010, biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have been the dominant mode of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the safety of DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis), in treating patients with RA is a concern. We compared the safety outcomes of JAKis and TNFis in RA patients in clinical settings.MethodsPatients diagnosed with RA between 2015 and 2017 were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and followed till 2018. Propensity score stabilized weighting was used to balance the baseline characteristics of the JAKis and TNFis groups. The incidences of safety outcomes, namely cardiovascular (CV) events, tuberculosis (TB), total hip replacement (THR), total knee replacement (TKR), and all‐cause mortality, were compared between the 2 study groups.ResultsA total of 3179 patients with RA who were administered JAKis (n = 822) and TNFis (n = 2357) were included in this study. The mean follow‐up duration was 2.02 years in the JAKis group and 2.10 in the TNFis group. All‐cause mortality had the highest incidence rate, followed by TKR, THR, CV events, and TB. A lower incidence rate of the study outcomes was observed in the JAKis group than in the TNFis group but without statistical significance.ConclusionComparable safety issues and mortality rates were observed for JAKis and TNFis in RA patients treated in real‐world settings.
The interactions and hierarchical effects of long‐term agricultural stressors on soil bacterial communities
Authors: Mombrikotb Shorok B. , Van Agtmaal Maaike , Johnstone Emma , Crawley Michael J. , Gweon Hyun S. , Griffiths Robert I. , Bell Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoils are subjected to multiple anthropogenic modifications, but the synergistic impacts of simultaneous environmental stressors on below‐ground communities are poorly understood. We used a large‐scale (1152 plots), long‐term (26 years), multi‐factorial grassland experiment to assess the impact of five common agricultural practises (pesticides, herbicide, liming, fertilizers and grazing exclusion) and their interactive effects on the composition and activity of soil microbial communities. We confirmed that pH strongly impacts belowground communities, but further demonstrate that pH strongly mediates the impacts of other management factors. Notably, there was a significant interaction between liming and the effect of pesticide application, with only half of the taxa responding to pesticide being shared in both limed and unlimed treatments. Likewise, nutrient amendments significantly altered bacterial community structure in acidic soils. Not only do these results highlight an hierarchy of effect of commonly used agricultural practices but also the widespread interactions between treatments: many taxa were significantly affected by interactions between treatments, even in the absence of significant main effects. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that chemical amendments may not percolate deeply into physically unperturbed soils with effects concentrated between 0 and 30 cm, despite 20+ years of treatment. The research shows that future changes to agricultural practices will need to consider interactions among multiple factors.
Alteration of plant immunity in the interaction of roots with the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris in response to external nitrogen conditions
Authors: Sun Kai , Tang Meng‐Jun , Lu Fan , Peng Da‐Hong , Xu Fang‐Ji , Zhang Wei , Xie Xing‐Guang , Dai Chuan‐Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe complex environments of plants force them to prioritize their immune responses to stimuli occurring simultaneously, including colonization by microbes or nutrient availability. Little is known about how the interplay between endophytes and nutrient status affects the immune responses of both plants and fungi. We primarily monitored immune responses in rice following inoculation with the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris under different nitrogen (N) conditions. Ph. liquidambaris promoted plant growth under low N (LN) conditions, concomitant with higher root colonization. Plant production of oxidative signals, including hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, was activated by Ph. liquidambaris colonization under LN conditions, while salicylic acid (SA) was maintained at high levels and was involved in controlling rice‐fungal interactions. High N (HN) conditions enhanced the ability of Ph. liquidambaris in suppressing plant cell death and the ability of roots to degrade Ph. liquidambaris cell walls. Furthermore, under both LN and HN conditions, the activity of plant defence‐associated enzymes and fungal antioxidases was not affected in the interactive association. Our data reveal the alteration of plant immunity, including oxidative signalling and plant cell death, by fungal colonization in response to external N conditions and identify SA signalling as a potential controller for rice‐Ph. liquidambaris interaction.
Different aspects of severe asthma in real life: Role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins and correlation to comorbidities and disease severity
Authors: Caruso Cristiano , Colantuono Stefania , Ciasca Gabriele , Basile Umberto , Di Santo Riccardo , Bagnasco Diego , Passalacqua Giovanni , Caminati Marco , Michele Schiappoli , Senna Gianenrico , Heffler Enrico , Canonica G. Walter , Crimi Nunzio , Intravaia Rossella , De Corso Eugenio , Firinu Davide , Gasbarrini Antonio , Del Giacco Stefano R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAsthma, with several phenotypes and endotypes, is considered particularly suited for precision medicine. The identification of different non‐invasive biomarkers may facilitate diagnosis and treatment. Recently, Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxins (SE) have been found to have a role in inducing persistent type 2 airway inflammation in severe asthma, but also in such comorbidities as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).MethodsThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of SE‐IgE sensitization in a multicentric Italian cohort of severe asthmatic patients and correlate it with demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsA total of 249 patients were included in the analysis, out of which 25.3% were staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)‐IgE positive. We found a meaningful association between SEB‐IgE and female gender, a positive association was also measured between CRS and CRSwNP. No significant association was found between SEB‐IgE sensitization and atopy, the occurrence of exacerbations and corticosteroid dosages. In the SEB‐IgE‐positive patient, blood eosinophil count does not appear to be correlated with the severity of the disease. Patients with SEB‐IgE sensitization are, on average, younger and with an earlier disease onset, thus confirming the possibility to consider SEB‐IgE sensitization as an independent risk factor for developing asthma.ConclusionsOur data confirm that the search for SE in the initial screening phase of these patients is helpful to better phenotype them, may predict the evolution of comorbidities and lead to a targeted therapeutic choice; in this point of view this represents a goal of precision medicine.
CMT2A‐linked mitochondrial hyperfusion‐driving mutant MFN2 perturbs ER‐mitochondrial associations and Ca2+ homeostasis
Authors: Das Rajdeep , Das Subhrangshu , Chakrabarti Saikat , Chakrabarti Oishee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground InformationMitofusin2 (MFN2), an important molecular player that regulates mitochondrial fusion, also helps maintain the inter‐organellar contact sites, referred as mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) that exist between the ER and mitochondria. The study deals with a mutant of MFN2, R364W‐MFN2, linked with the neuropathy, Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) disease. Previous studies show that this mutant promotes mitochondrial hyperfusion. Here, we try to decipher the role of R364W‐MFN2 in affecting the ER mitochondrial associations at the MAM junctions and inter‐organellar calcium signalling between the ER and the mitochondria.ResultsOur results show that R364W‐MFN2 altered ER‐mitochondria association at the MAM junctions, predisposed mitochondria towards cellular stress with the mitochondria undergoing rapid fission upon induction of mild stress and perturbs inter‐organellar calcium homeostasis.ConclusionThe results indicate that R364W‐MFN2 not only affects mitochondrial morphology and dynamics but also modulate its interaction with the ER and Ca2+ signalling between the two organelles.SignificanceThis study provides significant insight that presence of the R364W‐MFN2 mutation makes cells susceptible towards stress, thus negatively affecting cellular health which altogether might culminate in the form of the CMT neuropathy.
Nardosinone suppresses monoiodoacetate‐induced osteoarthritis in rats: The key role of the miR‐218‐5p/NUMB axis
Authors: Hu Linyong , Luo Dejun , Zhang Hong , He Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNardosinone is a bioactive compound with a sesquiterpenoid structure isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi. The compound has shown treatment effects against skeletal disorders. In the current study, the effects of nardosinone on osteoarthritis (OA) were first assessed and the mechanism underlying the effects was explored by detecting changes in the miR‐218‐5p/NUMB axis. The miR, as a potential target mediating the effects of nardosinone on OA, was first determined with microarray and RT‐qPCR detections. Then, OA symptoms were induced in rats using monoiodoacetate (MIA) and treated with nardosinone. The anti‐OA effects of nardosinone were assessed via the detection of the histological structure and inflammation. The role of miR‐218‐5p was delineated by modulating its levels in OA‐affected rats. Based on the results of microarray and RT‐qPCR detections, miR‐218‐5p was selected as the therapeutic target for nardosinone. The induction of OA resulted in tissue destruction and the production of cytokines in rat joint tissues, which was associated with the up‐regulation of miR‐218‐5p and the downregulation of NUMB. For OA‐affected rats treated with nardosinone, the joint structure was improved and the inflammatory response was suppressed, along with the restored expression levels of miR‐218‐5p and NUMB. The re‐induced level of miR‐218‐5p compromised the anti‐OA effects of nardosinone, indicating that the inhibition of the miR played an indispensable role in the anti‐OA function of nardosinone. Collectively, the findings of our study demonstrated that nardosinone exerts treatment effects against OA by modulating the miR‐218‐5p/NUMB axis. Future studies will provide more detailed information on the interaction between nardosinone and miR in the attenuation of OA.
Vulnerable children aiding visually challenged beggars in Nigeria: Need for social work intervention
Authors: Nnama‐Okechukwu Chinwe U. , Ebimgbo Samuel O. , Agha Agha A. , Onalu Chinyere E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing phenomenon of street children aiding visually challenged beggars and the risk factors involved in such activity is of much concern to social workers in Nigeria. With low investment in social protection for vulnerable children, a large number of children are constantly involved in income‐generating activities on the street. This study through in‐depth interviews explored the experiences of children who aid visually challenged beggars in a semi‐urban city in Nigeria. Findings based on lived experiences are thematically discussed in this study. Well‐coordinated social protection measures can keep vulnerable children off the street and within the safety net of their family.
Woody plant phylogenetic diversity supports nature's contributions to people but is at risk from human population growth
Authors: Davies T. Jonathan , Maurin Olivier , Yessoufou Kowiyou , Daru Barnabas H. , Bezeng Bezeng S. , Mankga Ledile T. , Schaefer Hanno , Thuiller Wilfried , van der Bank Michelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Tree of Life—phylogeny—provides a powerful tool for understanding the processes regulating life's diversity. Conserving the branches on the Tree of Life might also have practical benefits. Using a comprehensive phylogeny of southern African woody trees and shrubs, and structural equation modeling, we show that human population density correlates closely with not only the richness of woody plants in a region but also their evolutionary relatedness. Further, we demonstrate that more phylogenetically diverse species assemblages support a greater diversity of ecosystem goods and services. Our results suggest that people in Africa may gain material benefits from inhabiting regions that support high phylogenetic diversity of woody plants. However, the correlation between human population and woody plant diversity creates a tension between people and biodiversity, which could threaten the contributions to people provided by intact and phylogenetically diverse ecosystems.
Optimisation of COVID‐19 diagnostic pathways in acute hospital admissions to prevent nosocomial transmission
Authors: Livingstone Robert , Woodhead Alexander , Bhandari Megha , Dias James , Smith Trevor , Havelock Tom , Stammers Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn the management of acute hospital admissions during the COVID‐19 pandemic, safe patient cohorting depends on robust admission diagnostic strategies. It is essential that screening strategies are sensitive and rapid, to prevent nosocomial transmission of COVID‐19 and maintain patient flow.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all COVID‐19 positive and suspected cases at our institution screened by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) between 4 April and 28 June 2020. Using RT‐PCR positivity within 7 days as our reference standard, we assessed sensitivity and net‐benefit of three admission screening strategies: single admission RT‐PCR, composite admission RT‐PCR and CXR and repeat RT‐PCR with 48 h.ResultsRT‐PCR single‐test sensitivity was 91.5% (87.8%–94.4%) versus 97.7% (95.4%–99.1%) (p = 0.025) for RT‐PCR/CXR composite testing and 95.1% (92.1%–97.2%) (p = 0.03) for repeated RT‐PCR. Net‐benefit was 0.83 for single RT‐PCR versus 0.89 for RT‐PCR/CXR and 0.87 for repeated RT‐PCR at 0.02% threshold probability.ConclusionThe RT‐PCR/CXR composite testing strategy was highly sensitive when screening patients at the point of hospital admission. Real‐world sensitivity of this approach was comparable to repeat RT‐PCR testing within 48 h; however, faster facilitating improved patient flow.