bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in patients with bacteraemia at tertiary academic hospitals in South Africa, 2019 - 2020: An update
Authors: Lowe M , Shuping L , Perovic O 
Published: August 2022

Background. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has become a serious and significant public health threat worldwide, owing to the limited antimicrobial therapy options, and the elevated mortality rates associated with these infections.Objectives. To present an update on the epidemiology of CRE bloodstream infections among hospitalised patients reported under the Group for Enteric, Respiratory and Meningeal Diseases Surveillance in South Africa (GERMS-SA) between January 2019 and December 2020. Methods. Patients of all ages with CRE bacteraemia were included and isolates, when available, were sent to the reference laboratory for confirmatory testing and molecular characterisation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with in-hospital mortality.
Results. We included 2 144 patients with CRE bacteraemia with a median age of 33 (interquartile range 1 - 51) years, of whom 1 145 (54.2%) were male. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 79.8% of infections (n=863/1 082), of which 89.5% (n=611/683) were healthcare associated (HA). The most common carbapenemase genes were carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinase-48 (blaOXA-48-like) (76.8%; n=761/991), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM) (21.1%; n=209/991) and Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (blaVIM) (1.3%; n=13/991). None of the screened isolates with a colistin minimum inhibitory concentration >2 μg/mL harboured the mobilised colistin resistance (mcr)-1 to mcr-5 genes. The crude in-hospital mortality rate was 36.6% (n=377/1 029). Patients aged ≥60 years (v. 1.6 - 9 years) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.21 - 9.28), those with comorbidities (diabetes, malignancy, renal and/or cardiovascular failure) (aOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.17 - 2.52), those with altered mental state (aOR 5.36; 95% CI 3.21 - 8.92) and those with previous antimicrobial use (aOR 1.88; 95% CI 1.27 - 2.77) had increased odds of in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion. The epidemiology of CRE bloodstream infections remained similar compared with the previous surveillance report. Most infections were HA and caused by OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae with no plasmid-mediated colistin resistance. Standard infection control measures should be strengthened.
The tragedy of smoking, alcohol, and multiple substance use during pregnancy
Authors: Brink L T , Springer P E , Nel D G , Potter M D , Odendaal H J 
Published: August 2022

Background. Antenatal substance use is a significant public health concern in South Africa (SA). Information on smoking, drinking and drug use during pregnancy was collected prospectively for the Safe Passage Study of the PASS (Prenatal Alcohol in Sudden infant death syndrome and Stillbirth) Network.Objectives. Data from 4 926 pregnant women in a community near Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, were examined to determine whether associations between different substance use groups and postnatal infant outcomes at birth and 1 year were significant.Methods. Gestational age (GA) was determined by earliest ultrasound. Maternal data were collected at enrolment or first antenatal visit. Substance use data were obtained at up to four occasions. Birthweight data were derived from medical records, and birthweight z-scores (BWZs) were specifically calculated using INTERGROWTH-21st study data. Statistical analyses were done with Statistica version 13. Results. Women who used more substances enrolled later, were younger, and had smaller mid-upper arm circumferences (MUACs), less education and lower monthly income than women who used no substances (control group). Infants born to women who used more substances had lower GA at delivery, birthweight and BWZ than infants from the control group. At 1 year, infants born to women who used more substances had a lower weight, shorter length and smaller head circumference. Education was positively associated with all infant outcomes at birth and 1 year. MUAC was positively associated with infant BWZ, and weight and length at 1 year. Income was negatively associated with BWZ, but positively associated with all 1-year outcomes.Conclusion. Substance use during pregnancy affects infant outcomes at birth and 1 year of age. The addictive properties of substance use make cessation difficult, so prevention strategies should be implemented long before pregnancy. Higher maternal education, associated with better infant outcomes at birth and 1 year and acting as a countermeasure to substance use, is of paramount importance.
Effectiveness of physical activity on immunity markers and quality of life in cancer patient: a systematic review
Authors: AL-Mhanna Sameer Badri , Wan Ghazali Wan Syaheedah , Mohamed Mahaneem , Rabaan Ali A. , Santali Eman Y. , H. Alestad Jeehan , Santali Enas Y. , Arshad Sohaib , Ahmed Naveed , Afolabi Hafeez Abiola 
Published: August 2022

Background
Cancer is a huge group of diseases that can affect various body parts of humans but also has a psychological, societal, and economic impact. Physical activity can improve the quality of life (QOL) and immunity, while moderate intensity exercise can reduce the probability of this lethal disease. The current study aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on immune markers and QOL in cancer patients as well as to evaluate cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and its association with physical activity.

Methodology
Before starting the study, the study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021273292). An electronic literature search was performed by combining MeSH terminology and keywords used with the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND” to find relevant published studies on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical evaluation checklist was used to assess the quality of selected studies, while the GRADE approach was used to see the quality of evidence.

Results
A total of 13,931 studies were retrieved after the search on databases. After the scrutiny of studies by reading the title of articles and the inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 54 studies were selected for further screening by reading the full texts. In the final, a total of nine studies were selected for the current systematic review and proceeded for data extraction. The patients who were doing different exercises showed improvements in immunity, QOL, and reduction in CRF. A significant reduction in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and an increase in natural killer (NK) cells levels was also observed.

Conclusions
The exercise program is safe and beneficial to improve the quality of life and immunity markers before, during, and after cancer treatment. Physical exercise may also help patients to overcome the adverse effects of the treatment and to reduce the chance of developing new tumours in the future.
Digital technology for orthognathic surgery training promotion: a randomized comparative study
Authors: Su Zhan , Liu Yao , Zhao Wenli , Bai Yuanyan , Jiang Nan , Zhu Songsong 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate whether a systematic digital training system can improve the learning efficiency of residents in the first-year orthognathic surgery training course and evaluate its effectiveness in teaching orthognathic surgery.MethodsA digital training system was applied, and a comparative research approach was adopted. 24 first-year orthognathic surgery residents participated in the experiment as part of their professional skill training. The Experimental group was required to use a digital training system, and the Control group was trained in lectures without digital technologies. Three indicators, including theoretical knowledge and clinical operation, were assessed in tests, and evaluations from instructors were analyzed to evaluate learning efficiency.ResultsThe results showed that the scores in theoretical tests, practical operations, and teacher evaluations, the Experimental groups were all higher than the Control group (P = 0.002 for anatomy,P = 0.000 for operation theory) after using digital technology, except for the understanding of complications (P = 0.771). In addition, the questionnaire survey results showed that the study interest (P = 0.001), self-confidence (P = 0.001), satisfaction (P = 0.002), and academic performance (P = 0.001) of the residents of the Experimental group were higher than those of the Control group.ConclusionsThe outcomes indicated that the digital training system could benefit orthognathic residents’ learning efficiency, and learning interest and teaching satisfaction will also improve.
Advanced oxidation protein products induce annulus fibrosus cell senescence through a NOX4-dependent, MAPK-mediated pathway and accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Dai Xiangheng , Chen Yu , Yu Zihan , Liao Congrui , Liu Zhongyuan , Chen Jianting , Wu Qian 
Published: August 2022

Background
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is closely associated with senescence. Annulus fibrosus (AF) cell senescence is a crucial driver of AF tissue tearing and fissures, thereby exacerbating IVDD. Increased advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs) were found in human degenerative discs and aged rat discs and may be involved in IVDD. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of AOPPs-induced senescence in AF cells.

Methods
The pathological effects of AOPPs in vivo were investigated using a rat lumbar disc persistent degeneration model and a rat caudal disc puncture model. Rat primary AF cells were selected as in vitro models, and AOPPs were used as direct stimulation to observe their pathological effects. Setanaxb (NOX1/4 inhibitor), apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and adenovirus (ADV) packed NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) specific shRNAs were used for pathway inhibition, respectively. Finally, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) packed with NOX4-specific blocking sequences were used to inhibit the in vivo pathway.

Results
AOPPs accumulated in the rat lumbar and caudal degenerative discs. Intra-discal loading of AOPPs up-regulated the expression of NOX4, p53, p21, p16, IL-1β, and TNF-α, ultimately accelerating IVDD. Exposure of AOPPs to AF primary cells up-regulated NOX4 expression, induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), triggered senescence and increased IL-1β and TNF-α. Apocynin, setanaxib, and ADV pre-cultured AF cells abrogated AOPPs-induced senescence. AAV-mediated inhibition of NOX4 expression in vivo reduced the expression of p53, p21, p16, IL-1β and TNF-α in vivo and delayed IVDD.

Conclusions
AOPPs induced AF cell senescence through a NOX4-dependent and MAPK-mediated pathway.
Is Defibrotide Prophylaxis Effective on Graft Versus Host Disease in Patients with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation?
Authors: Yavaşoğlu İrfan , Turgutkaya Atakan , Küçükdiler Hilal Eroğlu , Kadıköylü Gürhan , Sargın Gökhan , Bolaman Ali Zahit 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is one of the complications of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Defibrotide (DF) is used effectively in SOS prophylaxis and treatment. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allo-SCT. Here, we retrospectively investigated the effect of DF on the development of GVHD in these patients.
Methods: We evaluated 81 allo-transplanted patients due to various diagnoses (benign or malignant), retrospectively. Thirty-four patients used DF as prophylaxis while 47 patients did not receive it. Acute and chronic GVHD assessments were performed at +30/100th day and throughout the life of the patients, respectively.
Results: Acute GVHD was more common with DF use (82% vs 61%). There was no statistical significance in terms of the effect on chronic GVHD. We observed that one patient in the non- DF group developed SOS.
Conclusions: DF may be beneficial to prevent acute GVHD. However, we observed that GVHD and mortality were more common in patients using DF. This is probably due to the similarity of high-risk criteria between GVHD and SOS. We have not found a significant association between defibrotide use and the development of chronic GVHD.
Molecular Docking of Mangrove Plant as Therapeutic Agent to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Hamzah Haidar Ali , Afladhanti Putri Mahirah , Romadhan Muhammad Despriansyah , Agustini Dessy , Deanasa Raehan Satya , Theodorus . 
Published: August 2022

Background: Cancer is one of the biggest health problems worldwide, with lung cancer as the first rank in the number of new cases and deaths. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a type of lung cancer that accounts for about 85% of all lung cancer cases. Previous research identified the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as the most suitable target to treat NSCLC. This study aims to identify the potential compounds derived from mangrove plants as agents to treat NSCLC using a molecular docking study.
Methodology: Six natural compounds, which include taraxasterol, stigmasterol, tretinoin, heritonin, ascochitine, and tricin, along with gefitinib as a drug comparative were used. Docking was carried out on EGFR as a receptor target by Autodock Tools. The visualizations of molecular interactions were carried out by BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2020.
Results: The results showed that all six compounds were compiled from several criteria as drugs based on Lipinski analysis and had an affinity to EGFR receptors. The docking results were found in the order of stigmasterol (-11.84 kcal/mol), taraxasterol (10.80 kcal/mol), tretinoin (-10.60 kcal/mol), tricin (-9.24 kcal/mol), ascochitine (-7.85 kcal/mol), heritonin (-7.81 kcal/mol), and gefitinib (-8.62 kcal/mol). Among these natural compounds, stigmasterol exhibited the highest binding affinity. ADME profile showed that these natural compounds are safe and drug-like compounds.
Conclusion: Stigmasterol exhibited the highest binding energy of -11.84 kcal/mol. All three compounds bind in the binding pocket of EGFR. All compounds have drug-likeness properties based on Lipinski rules.
Mind, Body and 'I'
Authors: Broom Brian C 
Published: August 2022

How compartmentalised are mind and body in personal and clinical experience? This question can be illustrated by an ancient story. The Old Testament tells of the prophet Nehemiah who is leading the Israelites in the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem. There is intense opposition from local non-Israelites who try several ways of stopping the work. In the end they resort to spreading a false report that the Jews are plotting a revolt and setting up a new kingdom, intending by this to activate surrounding forces against the Jews. Nehemiah's reported response is:-
"They were trying to frighten us, thinking, 'Their hands will get too weak for the work, and it will not be completed'. But I prayed, 'Now strengthen my hands'."
it is very unlikely that a modern educated westerner would express him/herself in this manner. The language shows that, for Nehemiah, being frightened and physically weak are two faces of the same thing. This is emphasised when he prays for his hands to be strengthened. A modern Western religious would almost certainly go the psychological route and pray that his fear be reduced, or his courage be increased. Nehemiah somatises the issue (whilst clearly acknowledging the fear) but our modern Westerner would psychologise it (very often to such an extent that any real awareness of the relationship of the fear to the physical concomitant is lost).
Stanislav Grof's System of Holotropic Therapy
Authors: Jackson Peter A 
Published: August 2022

This paper explores the Holotropic Therapy System of Stanislav Grof. Although Grof's psychotherapeutic system is not well known, it is an important system and, in fact, acts as a theoretical framework within which many better known and more traditional systems of psychotherapy can be located. Grof has always fully recognised the psyche (soul) in psychotherapy, where the trans-egoic experiences tapped during therapeutic sessions facilitate the movement to full psychological health and, from there, to the full utilisation of human potential. An overview will be given, covering origins, underlying theory, the practice and the relationship between Grof's system and more traditional therapies. This will cover the cartography developed by Grof to embrace the range of therapeutic experiences undergone by 4000 clients. These experiences were located by Grof into one of three categories: psychodynamic, perinatal and transpersonal. Grof argues that healing comes about in the reliving of these experiences where they are integrated into adult waking consciousness.
Psychotherapy in the Age of Accountability
Authors: Morgan Marilyn 
Published: August 2022

I picked up this book with reluctance. It felt like a 'should read', rather than a book that would be enjoyable or constructive, or both. For some time I have been aware of the direction ACC, and other funding agencies, are moving with regard to funding counselling and psychotherapy. Less of it, more controlled by them, and accountability from us. This move takes place in a general social climate that is putting an increasing value on efficiency, outcomes, economic units, accountability and cost effectiveness. To put it simply, funders want to cut costs and be reassured that they are funding a service that can be seen to work in a measurable way.
Herbicide control of the invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) does not alter soil microbial communities or activity
Authors: James Jonathan J. , Bach Elizabeth M. , Baker Kaleb , Barber Nicholas A. , Buck Ryan , Shahrtash Maryam , Brown Shawn P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Invasive plants are a major problem for land managers and have widespread and lasting environmental impacts. The invasive shrub Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) is a pervasive and noxious plant in the Midwest region of the United States.
Despite this, many land managers may be uncomfortable with herbicide control of this and other invasive plants due to unknown impacts on ecosystem components including soils.
To examine if herbicide control of Amur honeysuckle impacts soil enzyme activity and soil communities, we treated Amur honeysuckle with Garlon® 4 (triclopyr) suspended in Basal Bark Oil, Basal Bark Oil alone and untreated controls, then assessed soil community, soil enzyme activity and arbuscular mycorrhizal density changes among treatments and across the subsequent growing season.
We found that basal bark herbicide treatments of Amur honeysuckle do not negatively impact soil enzyme activity, nor do they impact fungal, prokaryotic or oomycotan diversity or community structure. There was a slight but likely ecologically unimportant effect on community structure associated with basal bark oil applications, but not with herbicide applications. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was negatively affected by herbicide use but this is likely due to reduction in host health and/or mortality.
Taken together, this suggests that herbicide control of Amur honeysuckle does not impact soils and land managers can treat these invasive plants without concern for negative soil outcomes.
One‐Phototransistor–One‐Memristor Array with High‐Linearity Light‐Tunable Weight for Optic Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Dang Bingjie , Liu Keqin , Wu Xulei , Yang Zhen , Xu Liying , Yang Yuchao , Huang Ru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe recent advances in optic neuromorphic devices have led to a subsequent rise in use for construction of energy‐efficient artificial‐vision systems. The widespread use can be attributed to their ability to capture, store, and process visual information from the environment. The primary limitations of existing optic neuromorphic devices include nonlinear weight updates, cross‐talk issues, and silicon process incompatibility. In this study, a highly linear, light‐tunable, cross‐talk‐free, and silicon‐compatible one‐phototransistor–one‐memristor (1PT1R) optic memristor is experimentally demonstrated for the implementation of an optic artificial neural network (OANN). For optic image recognition in the experiment, an OANN is constructed using a 16 × 3 1PT1R memristor array, and it is trained on an online platform. The model yields an accuracy of 99.3% after only ten training epochs. The 1PT1R memristor, which shows good performance, demonstrates its ability as an excellent hardware solution for highly efficient optic neuromorphic and edge computing.
Design Strategies for Hydroxyapatite‐Based Materials to Enhance Their Catalytic Performance and Applicability
Authors: Yook Hyunwoo , Hwang Jinwoo , Yeo Woonsuk , Bang Jungup , Kim Jaeyoung , Kim Tae Yong , Choi Jae‐Soon , Han Jeong Woo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HAP) is a green catalyst that has a wide range of applications in catalysis due to its high flexibility and multifunctionality. These properties allow HAP to accommodate a large number of catalyst modifications that can selectively improve the catalytic performance in target reactions. To date, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the effect of HAP modification on the catalytic activities for various reactions. However, systematic design strategies for HAP catalysts are not established yet due to an incomplete understanding of underlying structure–activity relationships. In this review, tuning methods of HAP for improving the catalytic performance are discussed: 1) ionic composition change, 2) morphology control, 3) incorporation of other metal species, and 4) catalytic support engineering. Detailed mechanisms and effects of structural modulations on the catalytic performances for attaining the design insights of HAP catalysts are investigated. In addition, computational studies to understand catalytic reactions on HAP materials are also introduced. Finally, important areas for future research are highlighted.