bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent jaguar records confirm the conservation value of the Baritú–Tariquía corridor between Argentina and Bolivia
Authors: Caruso Flavia , Perovic Pablo , De Angelo Carlos , Sillero-Zubiri Claudio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEffective transboundary corridors play a crucial role in jaguar Panthera onca conservation. Local residents reported jaguar sightings along the Baritú–Tariquía Biological Corridor, which prompted us to carry out this camera-trap survey. We surveyed an area of 1,243 km2 across the corridor to confirm jaguar presence. We used 50 single camera stations, with cameras placed c. 5 km apart. We placed the cameras along trails, streams and mountain ridges. We recorded jaguars at seven sites across the Corridor; at least three different individuals were identified. These records confirm the presence of the jaguar in the Baritú–Tariquía Biological Corridor between Argentina and Bolivia, a trans-frontier area of the Austral Yungas facing multiple threats but hosting one of the southernmost jaguar populations. Conservation efforts in border regions can promote collaboration and synergies between agencies and other conservation stakeholders, with important implications for wide-ranging predators such as jaguars and their habitats.
Injury-Related Emergency Medical Service Calls, Traffic Accidents, and Crime in Mexico City Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Melgoza Esmeralda , Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Vargas Bustamante Arturo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had detrimental impacts across multiple sectors of the Mexican health care system. The prehospital care system, however, remains largely under-studied. The first objective of this study was to calculate the monthly per capita rates of injury-related 9-1-1 calls, traffic accidents, and crime at the state-level (Mexico City) during the early pandemic period (January 1 through June 30, 2020), while the second objective was to conduct these calculations at the borough-level for the same outcomes and time period. The third objective was to compare monthly per capita rates of injury-related 9-1-1 calls, traffic accidents, and crime at the state-level (Mexico City) during the pre-pandemic (January 1 through June 30, 2019), early pandemic (January 1 through June 30, 2020), and later pandemic periods (January 1 through June 30, 2021).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine injury-related 9-1-1 calls, traffic accidents, and crime at the state-level (Mexico City) and borough-levels. Monthly per capita rates were calculated using four datasets, including Mexico City’s Public Release 9-1-1 Emergency Calls, National Institute of Statistics and Geography’s (INEGI) Traffic Accidents Micro-Dataset, Mexico City’s Attorney General’s Office Crime Dataset, and Projections of the Population of the Municipalities of Mexico, 2015 to 2030. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 17.0.Results:During the early pandemic period, injury-related 9-1-1 emergency calls, traffic accidents, and crime experienced similar trends in monthly per capita rates at the state-level and borough-levels. While the monthly per capita rates remained constant from January to March 2020, starting in March, there was a precipitous decrease across all three outcomes, although decline rates varied across boroughs. The monthly per capita rates across the three outcomes were higher during the pre-pandemic period compared to the early pandemic period. As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, the monthly per capita rates during the later pandemic period increased across the three outcomes compared to the early pandemic period, although they did not reach pre-pandemic levels during the study period.Conclusion:The precipitous decline in injury-related 9-1-1 calls, traffic accidents, and crime in Mexico City occurred at the same time as the issuance of the first wave of public health orders in March 2020. The largest decrease across the three outcomes occurred one to two months post-issuance of the orders.
Consequences of mixing and switching languages for retrieval and articulation
Authors: Gavino Maria Fernanda , Goldrick Matthew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA large literature has shown that language context –mixing and switching between languages – impacts lexical access processes during bilingual speech production. Recent work has suggested parallel contextual effects of language context on the phonetic realization of speech sounds, consistent with interactions between lexical access and phonetic processes. In this pre-registered study, we directly examine the link between lexical access and phonetic processes in Spanish–English bilinguals using picture naming. Using automated acoustic analysis, we simultaneously gather measures of reaction time (indexing lexical access) and acoustic properties of the initial consonant and vowel (indexing phonetic processes) for the same speakers on the same trials. Across measures, we find consistent, robust effects of mixing and language dominance. In contrast, while switching effects are robust in reaction time measures, they are not detected in phonetic measures. These inconsistent effects suggest there are constraints on the degree of interaction between lexical access and phonetic processes.
The contributions of proficiency and semantics to the bilingual sentence superiority effect
Authors: Washington Portia N. , Wiley Robert W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA long-standing question about bilingualism concerns which representations are shared across languages. Recent work has revealed a bilingual Sentence Superiority Effect (SSE) among French–English bilinguals reading mixed-language sentences: identification of target words is more accurate in syntactically grammatical than ungrammatical sentences. While this ability to connect words across the two languages has been attributed to a rapid parsing of shared syntactic representations, outstanding questions remain about the role of semantics. Here, we replicate the SSE in Spanish–English bilinguals (e.g., better identification of vacío in “my vaso is vacío” [my glass is empty] than “is vaso my vacío” [is glass my empty]). Importantly, we report evidence that semantics do contribute to word identification, but significantly less than syntax and only in the context of syntactically grammatical sentences. Moreover, the effect is moderated by language proficiency, further constraining the conditions under which shared cross-linguistic representations are rapidly accessed in the bilingual mind.
Raising the Bar: the Work of the Inns of Court Libraries
Authors: Dhillon Harpreet K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article has been written by Harpreet K. Dhillon, with contributions from colleagues at Gray's Inn Library, Inner Temple Library, Middle Temple Library and Lincoln's Inn's Library. During the course of the article, Harpreet looks at the way the four of Inns of Court libraries support barristers, though will use the term members interchangeably throughout. The Inns have their own histories, and the libraries function in their own unique ways, so the focus of this article are those key services provided by all the libraries and their relevance to the continuing work of Inn members. The article has been written using anecdotal evidence and contributions from all the library teams, concluding that the Inn libraries play a crucial and ongoing role in supporting the work of barristers, a role that evolves and will continue to do so alongside the legal profession's demands.
Supporting the Barrister Profession in Northern Ireland: 100 Years and Counting
Authors: Burns Niamh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article by Niamh Burns, Senior Manager for Library & Member Support Services at the Bar of Northern Ireland, provides a brief overview of the history of the Bar of Northern Ireland and an explanation of the Bar Library model and the services it provides. She provides an insight into some of the current issues facing the barrister profession in Northern Ireland, then focuses on what the Bar of Northern Ireland's Library & Information Service is doing to support members of the Bar Library in meeting some of their challenges.
Thirty years of organic dairy in the United States: the influences of farms, the market and the organic regulation
Authors: Dimitri Carolyn , Nehring Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe US organic milk food system has several interesting characteristics. The product has been enthusiastically embraced by consumers, resulting in increased retail sales of organic milk. The processing sector is oligopolistic, with three dominant firms. At the farm level, the definition and enforcement of regulations relating to access to pasture and transitioning livestock have been the subject of controversy and slow to change to meet the needs of the sector. This paper uses two sources of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) data (Agricultural Resource Management Survey and Organic Survey) and other evidence to trace changes in the discourse about organic dairy, the market, processing and farm sector, along with the evolution of the regulation. Concern over inconsistencies in the language and enforcement of the regulation at the farm level continued throughout the 30-year period. We find evidence of strong and continued growth of the organic dairy sector at the farm level, among all regions of the US. The amount of pasture available per cow increased as the access to outdoor rules tightened. In 2016 many dairies failed to meet the 30% threshold for feed from grazing. Another key finding, which may underlie the internal debates, is that the profitability of large-scale organic dairies in the West substantially increased in 2016. The organic dairies in other regions did not experience this improvement, although their profitability remained similar to prior years. While there is evidence of problems with the regulation, we note that the structure of the processing sector is an important but overlooked dimension. Thus, additional research into the farmer–processor relationship is needed to improve our understanding of the dynamics of the organic dairy farm sector.
Experimental evidence for temporal uncoupling of brain Aβ deposition and neurodegenerative sequelae
Authors: Rother Christine , Uhlmann Ruth E. , Müller Stephan A. , Schelle Juliane , Skodras Angelos , Obermüller Ulrike , Häsler Lisa M. , Lambert Marius , Baumann Frank , Xu Ying , Bergmann Carina , Salvadori Giulia , Loos Maarten , Brzak Irena , Shimshek Derya , Neumann Ulf ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Walker Lary C. , Schultz Stephanie A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Kaeser Stephan A. , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Staufenbiel Matthias , Jucker Mathias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrain Aβ deposition is a key early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), but the long presymptomatic phase and poor correlation between Aβ deposition and clinical symptoms remain puzzling. To elucidate the dependency of downstream pathologies on Aβ, we analyzed the trajectories of cerebral Aβ accumulation, Aβ seeding activity, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in the CSF (a biomarker of neurodegeneration) in Aβ-precursor protein transgenic mice. We find that Aβ deposition increases linearly until it reaches an apparent plateau at a late age, while Aβ seeding activity increases more rapidly and reaches a plateau earlier, coinciding with the onset of a robust increase of CSF NfL. Short-term inhibition of Aβ generation in amyloid-laden mice reduced Aβ deposition and associated glial changes, but failed to reduce Aβ seeding activity, and CSF NfL continued to increase although at a slower pace. When short-term or long-term inhibition of Aβ generation was started at pre-amyloid stages, CSF NfL did not increase despite some Aβ deposition, microglial activation, and robust brain Aβ seeding activity. A dissociation of Aβ load and CSF NfL trajectories was also found in familial AD, consistent with the view that Aβ aggregation is not kinetically coupled to neurotoxicity. Rather, neurodegeneration starts when Aβ seeding activity is saturated and before Aβ deposition reaches critical (half-maximal) levels, a phenomenon reminiscent of the two pathogenic phases in prion disease.
Integrated rupture mechanics for slow slip events and earthquakes
Authors: Weng Huihui , Ampuero Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSlow slip events occur worldwide and could trigger devastating earthquakes, yet it is still debated whether their moment-duration scaling is linear or cubic and a fundamental model unifying slow and fast earthquakes is still lacking. Here, we show that the rupture propagation of simulated slow and fast earthquakes can be predicted by a newly-developed three-dimensional theory of dynamic fracture mechanics accounting for finite rupture width, an essential ingredient missing in previous theories. The complete spectrum of rupture speeds is controlled by the ratio of fracture energy to energy release rate. Shear stress heterogeneity can produce a cubic scaling on a single fault while effective normal stress variability produces a linear scaling on a population of faults, which reconciles the debated scaling relations. This model provides a new framework to explain how slow slip might lead to earthquakes and opens new avenues for seismic hazard assessment integrating seismological, laboratory and theoretical developments.
Genomic basis of the giga-chromosomes and giga-genome of tree peony Paeonia ostii
Authors: Yuan Junhui , Jiang Sanjie , Jian Jianbo , Liu Mingyu , Yue Zhen , Xu Jiabao , Li Juan , Xu Chunyan , Lin Lihong , Jing Yi , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Chen Haixin , Zhang Linjuan , Fu Tao , Yu Shuiyan , Wu Zhangyan , Zhang Ying , Wang Chongzhi , Zhang Xiao , Huang Liangbo , Wang Hongqi , Hong Deyuan , Chen Xiao-Ya , Hu Yonghong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTree peony (Paeonia ostii) is an economically important ornamental plant native to China. It is also notable for its seed oil, which is abundant in unsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid (ALA). Here, we report chromosome-level genome assembly (12.28 Gb) ofP. ostii. In contrast to monocots with giant genomes, tree peony does not appear to have undergone lineage-specific whole-genome duplication. Instead, explosive LTR expansion in the intergenic regions within a short period (~ two million years) may have contributed to the formation of its giga-genome. In addition, expansion of five types of histone encoding genes may have helped maintain the giga-chromosomes. Further, we conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 448 accessions and show expansion and high expression of several genes in the key nodes of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, includingSAD,FAD2andFAD3, may function in high level of ALAs synthesis in tree peony seeds. Moreover, by comparing with cultivated tree peony (P. suffruticosa), we show that ectopic expression of class A geneAP1and reduced expression of class C geneAGmay contribute to the formation of petaloid stamens. Genomic resources reported in this study will be valuable for studying chromosome/genome evolution and tree peony breeding.
Mapping the planet’s critical natural assets
Authors: Chaplin-Kramer Rebecca , Neugarten Rachel A. , Sharp Richard P. , Collins Pamela M. , Polasky Stephen , Hole David , Schuster Richard , Strimas-Mackey Matthew , Mulligan Mark , Brandon Carter , Diaz Sandra , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Gorenflo L. J. , Johnson Justin A. , Kennedy Christina M. , Keys Patrick W. , Longley-Wood Kate , McIntyre Peter B. , Noon Monica , Pascual Unai , Reidy Liermann Catherine , Roehrdanz Patrick R. , Schmidt-Traub Guido , Shaw M. Rebecca , Spalding Mark , Turner Will R. , van Soesbergen Arnout , Watson Reg A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSustaining the organisms, ecosystems and processes that underpin human wellbeing is necessary to achieve sustainable development. Here we define critical natural assets as the natural and semi-natural ecosystems that provide 90% of the total current magnitude of 14 types of nature’s contributions to people (NCP), and we map the global locations of these critical natural assets at 2 km resolution. Critical natural assets for maintaining local-scale NCP (12 of the 14 NCP) account for 30% of total global land area and 24% of national territorial waters, while 44% of land area is required to also maintain two global-scale NCP (carbon storage and moisture recycling). These areas overlap substantially with cultural diversity (areas containing 96% of global languages) and biodiversity (covering area requirements for 73% of birds and 66% of mammals). At least 87% of the world’s population live in the areas benefitting from critical natural assets for local-scale NCP, while only 16% live on the lands containing these assets. Many of the NCP mapped here are left out of international agreements focused on conserving species or mitigating climate change, yet this analysis shows that explicitly prioritizing critical natural assets and the NCP they provide could simultaneously advance development, climate and conservation goals.
Impact of depressed state on attention and language processing during news broadcasts: EEG analysis and machine learning approach
Authors: Fuseda Kohei , Watanabe Hiroki , Matsumoto Atsushi , Saito Junpei , Naruse Yasushi , Ihara Aya S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile information enriches daily life, it can also sometimes have a negative impact, depending on an individual’s mental state. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from depressed and non-depressed individuals classified based on the Beck Depression Inventory-II score while they listened to news to clarify differences in their attention to affective information and the impact of attentional bias on language processing. Results showed that depressed individuals are characterized by delayed attention to positive news and require a more increased load on language processing. The feasibility of detecting a depressed state using these EEG characteristics was evaluated by classifying individuals as depressed and non-depressed individuals. The area under the curve in the models trained by the EEG features used was 0.73. This result shows that individuals’ mental states may be assessed based on EEG measured during daily activities like listening to news.
Potentials of synthetic hexaploid wheats to improve drought tolerance
Authors: Mokhtari Niloofar , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSynthetic hexaploid wheat-derived lines (SHW-DL) offers new hope for breeders to restore genes lost during the evolutionary bottleneck. The study of adaptability, variation, and the possibility of selection in SHW-DL for drought tolerance is poorly understood in arid environments. The potential of 184 SHW-DL and their variation for agro-morphological traits were assessed under normal and water stress conditions for 2 years. The mean values of grain yield (YLD) varied from 683.9 g/m2 (water stress) to 992.1 g/m2 (normal conditions). Grain yield decreased by 64 and 71% under water stress in the two growing seasons. High genotypic variation was found for measured traits and drought tolerance. Heritability ranged from 19 (harvest index) to 47% (spike length), whereas grain yield indicated a moderate heritability (32%). Using the assessment of the interrelationship of traits, hectoliter (a quality trait) was correlated with drought tolerance and stability indices. Therefore, it can be considered as an important trait to select drought tolerant genotypes. In the following, the priority of yield components entering the regression model was different in two moisture conditions suggesting different strategies in indirect selection programs to improve yield. Spike m−2 and grain spike−1 indirectly and negatively affected yield through thousand-grain weight (TGW) under normal and water stress conditions, respectively. Furthermore, SHW-DL compared to ordinary wheat were significantly superior in terms of early maturity, dwarfing, yield, TGW, stem diameter, and harvest index. Overall, our findings suggest that SHW-DL are a valuable source for improving wheat yield and drought tolerance, and indirect selection might be possible to improve these complex traits.
Analysis and estimation of cross-flow heat exchanger fouling in phosphoric acid concentration plant using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN)
Authors: Jradi Rania , Marvillet Christophe , Jeday Mohamed Razak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe production of phosphoric acid by dehydrated process leads to the precipitation of unwanted insoluble salts promoting thus the crystallization fouling build-up on heat transfer surfaces of the exchangers. During the acid concentration operation, the presence of fouling in heat exchangers results in reducing the performance of this equipment, in terms of heat transfer, while increasing energy losses and damaging the apparatus. To mitigate these adverse effects of fouling, it is necessary to forecast the thermal resistance of fouling to schedule and perform exchanger cleaning. In this context, artificial neural network and response surface methodology were used to estimate thermal resistance of fouling in a cross-flow heat exchanger by using the operating data of the concentration loop. The absolute average relative deviations, mean squared errors, root mean squared errors and correlation coefficients were used as indicators error between the experimental and estimated values for both methods. The best fitted model derived from response surface methodology method was second order polynomial while the best architecture topology, for the artificial neural network method, consists of three layers: input layer with six input variables, hidden layer with six hidden neurons and an output layer with single output variable. The interactive influences of operating parameters which have significant effects on the fouling resistance were illustrated in detail. The value of correlation coefficient for the output parameter from the response surface methodology is 0.9976, indicating that the response surface methodology as an assessment methodology in estimating fouling resistance is more feasible compared with the artificial neural network approach.
Insilico prediction and functional analysis of nonsynonymous SNPs in human CTLA4 gene
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Iqbal Talha , Hashmi Sakina , Ghani Uzma , Bhatti Attya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe CTLA4 receptor is an immune checkpoint involved in the downregulation of T cells. Polymorphisms in this gene have been found to be associated with different diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and autoimmune Addison's disease. Therefore, the identification of polymorphisms that have an effect on the structure and function of CTLA4 gene is important. Here we identified the most damaging missense or non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) that might be crucial for the structure and function of CTLA4 using different bioinformatics tools. These in silico tools included SIFT, PROVEAN, PhD-SNP, PolyPhen-2 followed by MutPred2, I-Mutant 2.0 and ConSurf. The protein structures were predicted using Phyre2 and I-TASSER, while the gene–gene interactions were predicted by GeneMANIA and STRING. Our study identified three damaging missense SNPs rs1553657429, rs1559591863 and rs778534474 in coding region of CTLA4 gene. Among these SNPs the rs1553657429 showed a loss of potential phosphorylation site and was found to be highly conserved. The prediction of gene–gene interaction showed the interaction of CTlA4 with other genes and its importance in different pathways. This investigation of damaging nsSNPs can be considered in future while studying CTLA4 related diseases and can be of great importance in precision medicine.