bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends in transcatheter aortic valve replacement use and outcomes by race, ethnicity, and sex
Authors: Yong Celina M. , Jaluba Karolina , Batchelor Wayne , Gummipundi Santosh , Asch Steven M. , Heidenreich Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify trends in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) use and outcomes by race (non‐Hispanic White, Black), ethnicity (Hispanic), and sex over time.BackgroundDespite rapid growth in TAVR use over time, our understanding of its use and outcomes among males and females of underrepresented racial/ethnic groups remains limited.MethodsA retrospective analysis of hospitalizations from 2013 to 2017 from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database was performed.ResultsWhite patients comprised 65% (n = 2.16 × 107) of all hospitalizations, yet they comprised 83% (n = 176,887) of the admissions for aortic stenosis (p < 0.0001). Among 91,693 hospitalizations for aortic valve replacement, 64,069 were surgical (34.0% female, 7.0% Hispanic, and 5.9% Black) and 27,624 were transcatheter (46.6% female, 4.5% Hispanic, and 4.4% Black). Growth in TAVR volumes was the slowest among minorities and females. Hispanic males, Hispanic females, and White females had the highest in‐hospital mortality (2.7%–3.3%; compared to White males, adjusted odds ratio: Hispanic males 1.9 [1.2–3.0], Hispanic females 1.9 [1.2–3.1], and White females 1.4 [1.2–1.7]). Despite less baseline vascular disease, females of all races/ethnicities had more vascular complications than men (female 5% vs. male 3.5%, p ≤ 0.001). Further adjustment for vascular complications only partially attenuated mortality differences. Black and Hispanic patients had a longer mean length of hospital stay than White patients, which was most pronounced among females. Pacemaker requirements were consistently low among all groups.ConclusionDifferences in TAVR growth and outcomes by race, ethnicity, and sex over time highlight areas for focused efforts to close gaps in minimally invasive structural heart disease care.
Rare case of norethisterone‐induced hepatitis: A case report
Authors: Arafa Eiman A. , Dhayabaran Vasumathi , Omar Nabil E. , Awaisu Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a case of probable norethisterone‐related liver injury, manifesting as a significant rise in liver transaminases in a 62‐year‐old woman. Upon discontinuation of norethisterone, liver transaminases decreased to normal level within two weeks. Knowledge of rare adverse effects of drugs such as norethisterone is necessary for rapid identification and management, especially in patients with risk factors such as non‐alcoholic liver disease and obesity.
Degradation of Tartrazine Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation‐Based Hybrid Techniques and Fenton Chemistry
Authors: Gawande Gayatri D. , Pinjari Deepak V. , Chavan Prakash V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDegradation of the tartrazine was investigated systematically using the Fenton oxidation process and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)‐based hybrid techniques. The operating parameters, such as the inlet pressure, the initial pH, the initial concentration of tartrazine, and the molar ratio of the Fenton reagents, were optimized. A maximum degradation of 12.50 % was observed using HC alone at 5 bar pressure and a solution pH of 2, while Fenton chemistry showed 92.40 % degradation at a Fe2+/H2O2 molar ratio of 1:36. HC in conjugation with H2O2 or Fenton reagents showed maximum degradation values of 92 and 96.40 %, respectively. The degradation follows a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with respect to the concentration of tartrazine, for Fenton chemistry and the HC‐based hybrid techniques.
π‐Conjugated Copper Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles as Highly Sensitive Sensor for Colorimetric Detection of Biomarkers
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhu Huang , Lv Ning , Li Qian , Ma Tian , Wang Liyun , Zhou Mi , Cao Sujiao , Luo Xianglin , Cheng Chong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThough numerous nanomaterials with enzyme‐like activities have been utilized as probes and sensors for detecting biological molecules, it is still challenging to construct highly sensitive detectors for biomarkers using polymeric materials. Benefiting from the π‐d delocalization eﬀect of electrons, excellent metal‐chelating property, high electron transferability, and good chemical stability of π‐conjugated phthalocyanine, the design of the copper phthalocyanine‐based conjugated polymer nanoparticles (Cu‐PcCP NPs) as a colorimetric sensor for a variety of biomarkers is reported. The Cu‐PcCP NPs are synthesized through a simple microwave‐assisted polymerization, and their chemical structures are thoroughly characterized. The colorimetric results of Cu‐PcCP NPs demonstrate excellent peroxidase‐like detecting activity and also great substrate selectivity than most of the reported Cu‐based nanomaterials. The Cu‐PcCP NPs can achieve a detection limit of 4.88 μM for the H2O2, 4.27 μM for the L‐cysteine, and 21.10 μM for the glucose via a cascade catalytic system, which shows comparable detecting sensitivity as that of many earlier reported enzyme‐like nanomaterials. Moreover, Cu‐PcCP NPs present remarkable resistance to harsh conditions, including high temperature, low pH, and excessive salts. These highly specific π‐conjugated copper‐phthalocyanine nanoparticles not only overcome the current limitation of polymeric material‐based sensors but also provide a new direction for designing next‐generation enzyme‐like nanomaterial‐based colorimetric biosensors.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Azithromycin Tablet Formulations: A Randomized, Open‐Label, 2‐Stage Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Leong Chuei Wuei , Yee Kar Ming , Nalaiya Jeyashanthini , Kassim Zawahil , Rahim Sharifah Radziah Syed Abd , Ahmad Shahnun , Amran Atiqah , Krishnamurthy Lakshman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to assess the bioequivalence of a new branded azithromycin with the reference formulation. An open‐label, randomized, 2‐stage, crossover study design was implemented involving 77 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Each volunteer received a single dose of 250‐mg azithromycin tablets test and reference formulations separated by a 21‐day washout period. Twenty‐two samples were collected at pre‐dose and until 72 hours post‐dose. Azithromycin concentrations were analyzed using a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry validated method following a solid‐phase plasma extraction. Noncompartmental analysis was carried out to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters, which were compared between the test and reference products using a multivariate analysis of variance. The difference between Cmax and AUC0‐72 of the test and reference formulation was not significant. The 94.1% confidence intervals of ln‐transformed Cmax and AUC0‐72 of azithromycin were within the bioequivalence acceptance limits of 80%–125%, therefore it can be concluded that the tested formulation is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
A Response Surface Model to Predict and Experimentally Tune the Chemical, Magnetic and Optoelectronic Properties of Oxygen‐Doped Boron Nitride**
Authors: Shankar Ravi B. , Mistry Elan D. R. , Lubert‐Perquel Daphné , Nevjestic Irena , Heutz Sandrine , Petit Camille 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPorous boron nitride (BN), a combination of hexagonal, turbostratic and amorphous BN, has emerged as a new platform photocatalyst. Yet, this material lacks photoactivity under visible light. Theoretical studies predict that tuning the oxygen content in oxygen‐doped BN (BNO) could lower the band gap. This is yet to be verified experimentally. We present herein a systematic experimental route to simultaneously tune BNO's chemical, magnetic and optoelectronic properties using a multivariate synthesis parameter space. We report deep visible range band gaps (1.50–2.90 eV) and tuning of the oxygen (2–14 at.%) and specific paramagnetic OB3 contents (7–294 a.u. g−1). Through designing a response surface via a design of experiments (DOE) process, we have identified synthesis parameters influencing BNO's chemical, magnetic and optoelectronic properties. We also present model prediction equations relating these properties to the synthesis parameter space that we have validated experimentally. This methodology can help tailor and optimise BN materials for heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for sorghum leaf blight resistance
Authors: Lipps Sarah , Rooney William L. , Mideros Santiago X. , Jamann Tiffany M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSorghum leaf blight and northern corn leaf blight, both caused by Exserohilum turcicum {(Pass.) K. J. Leonard and Suggs [syn. Setosphaeria turcica (Luttr.) K. J. Leonard and Suggs.]}, are major diseases of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and maize (Zea mays L.), respectively. Examining the genetic architecture of resistance in sorghum will lead to a better understanding of the relationship between resistance in sorghum and maize, which can ultimately enhance management options in both crops. In 2018 and 2019, we evaluated two sorghum recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations for resistance to E. turcicum. The BTx623 × IS3620C and BTx623 × SC155 populations consisted of 235 and 81 RILs, respectively. Resistance in both populations was moderately to highly heritable. We identified a total of six quantitative trait loci (QTL) across the two populations. Three QTL with small‐ to moderate‐effect sizes were identified in the BTx623 × IS3620C population. Three QTL, including a large‐effect QTL on chromosome three that explained 24% of the variation, were identified in the BTx623 × SC155 population. We compared the identified QTL with the position of northern corn leaf blight candidate genes and found eight candidate resistance gene orthologs that colocalize with the sorghum leaf blight QTL. There were also several nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat encoding genes within the candidate intervals. Understanding host resistance in multiple species furthers our understanding of the Exserohilum turcicum patho‐system.
Extended first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations of hot dense boron: equation of state and ionization
Authors: Blanchet Augustin , Soubiran Francois , Torrent Marc , Clérouin Jean 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe extended first‐principles molecular dynamics (Ext. FPMD) model introduced by Shen Zhang et al. has been implemented within the ab initio DFT software package ABINIT and is now publicly available. This model allows performing quantum molecular dynamics simulations (QMD) at high temperatures bypassing the well‐known orbitals wall. QMD simulations can be done smoothly in the full range of temperatures from cold condensed matter to hot plasmas (>100 eV) passing by the warm dense matter regime. At high temperature, a minimum of Kohn‐Sham orbitals is kept, allowing for deep ionization effects to manifest, such as the Schottky anomaly of the specific heat, in contrast with orbital‐free approaches for which this effect is absent. Using the new 9.6 ABINIT version, we present extensive simulations of boron along isochores, from a few Kelvins to thousands of eVs, in the Gigabar regime and construct a table. The Hugoniot curve is found in close agreement with the FPEOS model, for a much lower computational intensity. An ionization analysis, deduced from the pressure or from the structure, emphasizes the crucial contribution of the very deep 1s shell in the maximum compression regime.
Environmental drivers of biseasonal anthrax outbreak dynamics in two multihost savanna systems
Authors: Huang Yen‐Hua , Kausrud Kyrre , Hassim Ayesha , Ochai Sunday O. , van Schalkwyk O. Louis , Dekker Edgar H. , Buyantuev Alexander , Cloete Claudine C. , Kilian J. Werner , Mfune John K. E. , Kamath Pauline L. , van Heerden Henriette , Turner Wendy C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnvironmental factors are common forces driving infectious disease dynamics. We compared interannual and seasonal patterns of anthrax infections in two multihost systems in southern Africa: Etosha National Park, Namibia, and Kruger National Park, South Africa. Using several decades of mortality data from each system, we assessed possible transmission mechanisms behind anthrax dynamics, examining (1) within‐ and between‐species temporal case correlations and (2) associations between anthrax mortalities and environmental factors, specifically rainfall and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), with empirical dynamic modeling. Anthrax cases in Kruger had wide interannual variation in case numbers, and large outbreaks seemed to follow a roughly decadal cycle. In contrast, outbreaks in Etosha were smaller in magnitude and occurred annually. In Etosha, the host species commonly affected remained consistent over several decades, although plains zebra (Equus quagga) became relatively more dominant. In Kruger, turnover of the main host species occurred after the 1990s, where the previously dominant host species, greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), was replaced by impala (Aepyceros melampus). In both parks, anthrax infections showed two seasonal peaks, with each species having only one peak in a year. Zebra, springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), and impala cases peaked in wet seasons, while elephant (Loxodonta africana), kudu, and buffalo (Syncerus caffer) cases peaked in dry seasons. For common host species shared between the two parks, anthrax mortalities peaked in the same season in both systems. Among host species with cases peaking in the same season, anthrax mortalities were mostly synchronized, which implies similar transmission mechanisms or shared sources of exposure. Between seasons, outbreaks in one species may contribute to more cases in another species in the following season. Higher vegetation greenness was associated with more zebra and springbok anthrax mortalities in Etosha but fewer elephant cases in Kruger. These results suggest that host behavioral responses to changing environmental conditions may affect anthrax transmission risk, with differences in transmission mechanisms leading to multihost biseasonal outbreaks. This study reveals the dynamics and potential environmental drivers of anthrax in two savanna systems, providing a better understanding of factors driving biseasonal dynamics and outbreak variation among locations.
Polycentric energy governance: Under what conditions do energy communities scale?
Authors: Petrovics Daniel , Huitema Dave , Jordan Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the polycentric nature of climate governance becomes ever more apparent, understanding the role played by individual initiatives becomes an increasingly urgent research priority. In recent years, community initiatives have blossomed in relation to clean energy, both in their overall number and diversity. Polycentric governance thinking offers a powerful but incomplete account of how and why such initiatives emerge, grow, and replicate in different contexts, that is, how they “scale.” This article investigates the conditions under which different clean energy communities scale. Based on a systematic literature review, it identifies 23 separate conditions, which are subsequently categorized into what happens within, between and in the context of individual initiatives. As well as enriching polycentric governance thinking, this article identifies practical ways to inform and facilitate the emergence of new community initiatives.
Manganese (III/IV) μ‐Oxo Dimers and Manganese (III) Monomers with Tetraaza Macrocyclic Ligands and Historically Relevant Open‐Chain Ligands
Authors: Johnston Hannah M. , Freire David M. , Mantsorov Christina , Jamison Nena , Green Kayla N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) located in photosystem II (PSII) of green plants is one of the best‐known examples of a manganese‐containing enzyme in nature, but it is also used in a range of other biological processes. OEC models incorporate two multi‐dentate nitrogen‐containing ligands coordinated to a bis‐μ‐oxo Mn(III,IV) core. Open‐chain ligands were the initial scaffold used for biomimetic studies, but their macrocyclic counterparts have proven to be particularly appropriate due to their enhanced stability. Dimer and monomer complexes with such ligands have shown to be useful for a wide range of applications, which will be reviewed herein. The purpose of this review is to state with some clarity the different spectroscopic and structural characteristics of the Mn complexes formed with tetraaza macrocyclic ligands both in solution and solid‐state that allow the reader to successfully identified the species involved when dealing with similar complexes of Mn.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylmethyl‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines Derivatives through 1‐Iodo‐1,3‐bis(acetoxy) Synthons
Authors: El Kharrat Salem , Laurent Philippe , Boiteau Laurent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNovel 2‐perfluoroalkylmethyl,4‐arylamino substituted tetrahydroquinolines (THQ) were expeditiously synthesized from perfluoroalkyl iodides RF−I and monosubstituted anilines. First, radicalbis‐addition of vinyl acetate on RF−I affordedgem‐iodoacetoxy derivatives (newly characterized by NMR and MS) being actually masked/activated aldol synthons. Their reaction in 1 : 4 ratio with arylamines afforded title THQ under mild conditions in good yields (60–95 %) and diastereoselectivities (65 : 35–95 : 5cis/transisomer ratio);m‐substituted anilines regiospecifically lead to 7‐substituted THQ. Mechanistic investigation suggested the THQ formation to proceed through Michael then imine addition of two aniline units on an RF‐substituted crotonaldehyde intermediate, then through the cyclization of the resultingbis(arylamino/imino) intermediate through electrophilic aromatic substitution. Various RF(C6, C2, C4) and arylamine substitutions (p‐,o‐,m‐ alkyl, alkoxyl, halogen…) were thus exemplified.
Ecological and Economic Efforts in the Development of Molecular Sensors for the Optical Detection of Cyanide Ions
Authors: Tigreros Alexis , Portilla Jaime 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyanide anions have wide use in industrial areas despite their high toxicity to the environment as waste; thus, numerous studies on the determination of this anion have been carried out. This review discusses recent progress in the colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of cyanide by nucleophilic addition or acid‐base reactions to different types of receptors by the chemodosimeter approach. Beyond sensor performance, we focus our analysis on the sustainable synthesis features of five representative families of probes based on small molecules. Some environmental and economic factors are considered (reaction mass efficiency, number of chemical changes, solvent greenness average, preliminary raw material cost, and energy implications), giving a complete picture of the current status of research in this detection field.
Hedging pressure and liquidity provision in commodity options markets
Authors: Zhang Tianyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines hedging pressure and liquidity provision in commodity options markets using data from the weekly US Commodity Futures Trading Commission Commitments of Traders and Disaggregated Commitments of Traders reports. The “options‐only” reports are obtained from futures‐only and futures‐and‐options‐combined reports. We build the futures price series based on commodity options expiration dates. There are significant hedging pressure effects in commodity options markets. The empirical results indicate that commercials (swap dealers) provide liquidity to non‐commercials (money managers) in commodity options markets in the short run.
Chronic pain and long‐term dementia risk in older adults: Results from a 24‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Edjolo Arlette , Laurent Bernard , Dartigues Jean‐François , Amieva Hélène 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic pain (CP) was associated with cognitive impairment in previous studies. However, the longitudinal association between CP and dementia remains under debate. We aimed to assess the prospective link between CP and long‐term dementia risk in a population‐based cohort of older participants, considering covariables linked to CP and cognitive functioning.MethodsThe study sample was selected from the PAQUID study, an ongoing cohort of older community‐dwellers aged 65 years and over at baseline; Information regarding CP and analgesics consumption was collected using questionnaires. Dementia was clinically assessed every 2 years. The population was divided into 4 groups according to CP and analgesic drugs intake (CP+/A+, CP+/A−, CP−/A+, CP−/A−). An illness‐death model was used to estimate the link between CP and incident dementia risk controlled for sex, educational level, comorbidities, depression, antidepressant drugs and analgesics.ResultsFive hundred ninety three participants (364 women) who completed a CP questionnaire, were included. They were followed‐up over 24 years (mean follow‐up: 11.3 years, SD 7.3). A total of 223 participants (32.5%) had CP, among them 88 (38.6%) took analgesic drugs. Compared to CP−/A− group, CP+/A+ participants had a higher risk of developing dementia in the univariate model (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.73, 95%CI:1.18–2.56; p = 0.0051). However, these results did not persist in the multivariate models (aHR = 1.23, 95%CI:0.88–1.73; p = 0.23). No significant risk for dementia were observed in CP−/A+ and CP+/A− (HR = 1.30, 95%CI:0.84–2.01; p = 0.23 and HR = 1.36, 95%CI:0.95–1.96; p = 0.09, respectively).ConclusionOur results failed to show a significant relationship between the presence of CP and long‐term dementia risk, suggesting that the cognitive decline associated with CP observed in the literature does not appear to be related to Alzheimer's disease or related disorders.
Causal nexus between health expenditure, health outcome and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa countries
Authors: Kamanda Edmond , Lanpin Yang , Sesay Brima 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe relationships among health expenditure, health outcome, and economic growth have been given significant consideration in the current literature. Nevertheless, there are potential gaps in the nature of health‐growth nexus that current empirical studies have not thoroughly considered.MethodologyThis study explores Granger causality and cointegration relationships in a trivariate framework among, health expenditure, health outcome, and economic growth. We used three health outcome measures and a panel vector autoregressive model to study 45 countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2018. Our innovative panel data evaluation technique allows to ascertain significant causal relationships among the studied variables in the short and long run.ResultsFindings from the study include (1) health expenditure and health outcome Granger‐cause economic growth in the long run; (2) economic growth Granger‐cause health expenditure in the short run; (3) no causal relationship was found running from health expenditure and health outcome to economic growth in the short‐run. The former result (1) may not be surprising, given that the countries considered in this study are relatively less developed countries from Sub‐Saharan Africa. Hence, further health improvement may play a statistically significant role in spurring further economic growth.ConclusionBased on the results, the study presents interesting and possible effective policy perspectives for health improvement in the studied countries. Policies that stimulate health spending are needed to create a better and more industrious society that can support SSA's economic progress. This is because a healthy person may be more productive than someone who is sick, allowing them to produce greater output.