bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El papel de las ciudades pequeñas y medias en la articulación y cohesión territorial: el caso del litoral mediterráneo andaluz y su red urbana polinuclear ante los recientes procesos de dinamización multifuncional = The role of small and medium cities in the territorial articulation and cohesion: The Case of the Andalusian Mediterranean coast and its polinuclear network of cities in the face of recent multifunctional stimulation processes
Authors: Rodríguez Escudero Álvaro Daniel 
Published: June 2022

ResumenLas ciudades pequeñas y medias son un activo fundamental de los territorios y, aunque con un papel renovado hoy, siguen siendo, como históricamente, claves para el desarrollo equilibrado de nuestras regiones y sus sociedades. Aunque en torno a dicho papel pueden realizarse multitud de análisis, muy diversos, la articulación funcional es una de las dimensiones más interesantes a través de la cual comprobar cómo estas ciudades contribuyen, por su posición socioespacial intermedia, a la cohesión territorial.La red polinuclear de nodos urbanos del litoral centro-oriental de Andalucía, entre las aglomeraciones urbanas de Málaga y la Costa del Sol y de Almería y el Poniente, constituye un interesante caso de estudio por ser escenario de la aparición e intensificación de una serie de procesos de gran impacto sobre las estructuras demográficas y económicas precedentes sin que esto haya supuesto una disminución de sus funciones de intermediación históricas. A través del análisis de la articulación territorial de esta red urbana, con Vélez-Málaga, Motril y Adra a la cabeza demográficamente, se defiende la necesidad de atender a las ciudades pequeñas y medias a la hora de plantear estrategias futuras de planificación y desarrollo territorial, reivindicando y considerando su necesario protagonismo.AbstractSmall and medium-sized cities are a fundamental asset of territories and, although with a renewed role today, they remain, as historically, key to the balanced development of our regions and their societies. Although a multitude of diverse analyses can be carried out on this role, functional articulation is one of the most interesting dimensions through which to verify how these cities contribute, due to their intermediate socio-spatial position, to territorial cohesion. The polynuclear network of urban nodes on the central-eastern coast of Andalusia, between the urban agglomerations of Malaga and the Costa del Sol and Almeria and the Poniente, is an interesting case study because it is the scene of the appearance and intensification of a series of processes with a great impact on the previous demographic and economic structures without this having led to a reduction in their historical intermediary functions. Through the analysis of the territorial articulation of this urban network, with Vélez-Málaga, Motril and Adra at the demographic forefront, the need to pay attention to small and medium-sized towns when considering future strategies for territorial planning and development is defended, reaffirming and considering their necessary prominence.
Efek Pemoderasi Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Hubungan Antara Kecakapan Manajerial dan Manajemen Laba
Authors: Anggita Linda Dwi , Romadhon Fitri , Firdausi Sugeng 
Published: June 2022

One measure of company performance that is commonly used as the basis for making decisions is the company's profit which is presented in the income statement. However, investors often do not pay attention to how the company's process generates profits, so that profit information is always the target of misinformation through opportunistic actions of management to act according to their interests, which is known as earnings management. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of managerial ability on earnings management with ownership structure as a moderating variable. The population in this study is the pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020 as many as 10 companies. Based on the purposive sampling method, the sample in this study was 10 companies. The data analysis method used panel data regression. The results of this study indicate that managerial ability affect earnings management, managerial ownership can moderate the effect of managerial ability on earnings management, and institutional ownership is not able to moderate the effect of managerial ability on earnings management Indikator kinerja suatu perusahaan yang sering dijadikan dasar pengambilan keputusan adalah laba perusahaan yang dilaporkan dalam laporan laba rugi. Akan tetapi, investor sering tidak memperhatikan proses perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba. Hal tersebut membuat manajer memiliki kesempatan untuk bertindak oportunis dengan cara melakukan manajemen laba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis pengaruh kecakapan manajerial terhadap manajemen laba, dan efek moderasi struktur kepemilikan terhadap hubungan antara kecakapan manajerial dan manajamen laba. Populasi dari penelitian ini sebanyak 10 perusahaan pada sub sektor farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2016 hingga 2020. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecakapan manajerial dapat mempengaruhi manajemen laba. Kepemilikan manajerial dapat memoderasi pengaruh kecakapan manajerial terhadap manajemen laba. Serta, adanya kepemilikan institusional tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh kecakapan manajerial terhadap manajemen laba.
Construction of an active immune model and electrophysiological study of mice with anti-NMDAR encephalitis
Authors: Huang Hongmi , Ye Lin , Li Sijun , Luo Xiaodan , wu yuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease, which can show severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, of which seizures are one of the most common symptoms. At present, the mechanism of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is still unclear, and the appropriate animal model is the basis of scientific research.Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were actively immunized with the amino terminal domain peptide of GluN1 subunit. C57BL/6 mice were divided into GluN1359-378 group, control group and blank group. Electroencephalogram system was used to record rats' EEG. Indirect ELISA was used to detect serum NMDAR-AB after 14 days of ATD peptide active immunization. HEK293 cells containing GluN1 and GluN2B subunit plasmids were incubated with positive serum to detect NMDAR-AB；Hippocampal neurons were incubated with the serum of the above groups, and NMDAR-AB was detected. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the serum NMDAR-AB of mice. Western blot was used to verify NMDAR-AB, Glutamic vesicle transporters and γ -Aminobutyric acid vesicle transporters in hippocampus.Results: 1. 2 weeks after active immunization with ATD peptide, the detection rate of NMDAR-AB in serum of GluN1359-378 group was 67%, which was significantly higher than that of control group；2. The transfected HEK293 cells, hippocampal neurons and mouse brain sections were incubated with NMDAR-AB positive serum. The results showed that GluN1359-378 peptide could induce serum autoantibodies against GluN1 and GluN2b; 3. In GluN1359-378 peptide immunized mice, anti glun1 protein was mainly expressed in hippocampal neurons; 4. In GluN1359-378 group, the expression of glun1 on the membrane surface decreased significantly. The decrease of glun1 on the membrane surface was related to the decrease of NMDAR cluster density on the surface of hippocampal neurons; 5. The total GluN1 of GluN1359-378 group had no significant change, but the vGluT1 of hippocampal tissue increased and vGAT did not change. 6. Epileptic discharge was recorded in 78% of the GluN1359-378 mice, but not in the control group, which was related to the increase of vGluT1 in hippocampus.Conclusion: the anti-NMDAR encephalitis model was successfully established by active immunization with GluN1359-378 peptide targeting GluN1 gene ATD, and the mouse EEG showed epileptiform discharge.
Cardiac Geometry, as assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, can differentiate subtypes of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: McGettrick Michael , Dormand Helen , Brewis Melanie , Lang Ninian N , Johnson Martin , Church Colin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Ventricular septal flattening reflects RV pressure overload in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eccentricity index (EI) and pulmonary artery distensibilty (PAD) correlate with pulmonary artery pressure. We assessed the utility of EI and PAD measuring using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to assess for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic thromboembolic disease. CMR, the gold standard investigation for assessment of right ventricular function, has added benefit over echocardiogram of allowing detection of pulmonary vascular occlusion with magnetic resonance pulmonary angiogram. This may allow non-invasive differentiation between patients who have chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and those with pulmonary vascular obstructions but no evidence of PH at rest, known as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD). Methods: 20 patients without resting pulmonary hypertension, including 10 with chronic thromboembolic disease, and 30 patients with CTEPH were identified from a database at the Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit. CMR and right heart catheter had been performed within 96 hours of each other. Short-axis views at the level of papillary muscles were used to assess the EI at end-systole and diastole. Pulmonary artery distensibility was calculated using velocity-encoded images attained perpendicular to the main trunk.Results: EI at end-systole and end-diastole were higher in CTEPH compared to controls (1.3+/-0.5 vs 1.0+/-0.01; p=<0.01 and (1.22+/-0.2 vs 0.98+/-0.01; p=<0.01, respectively) and compared to those with CTED. PAD was significantly lower in CTEPH compared to controls (0.13 +/- 0.1 vs 0.46 +/- 0.23; p=<0.01) and compared to CTED. End-systolic EI and end-diastolic EI correlated with pulmonary vascular haemodynamic indices and exercise variables, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (R 0.74 and 0.75, respectively), cardiac output (R-value -0.4 and -0.4, respectively) NTproBNP (R-value 0.3 and 0.3, respectively) and 6-minute walk distance (R-value -0.7 and -0.8 respectively). Pulmonary artery distensibility also correlated with 6-minute walk distance (R-value 0.8). Conclusions: EI and PAD can be used to detect the presence of pulmonary hypertension in chronic thromboembolic disease and differentiate between CTEPH and CTED subgroups. These measures support the use of non-invasive tests including CMR for the detection pulmonary hypertension in the investigation of chronic thromboembolic disease and may reduce the requirement for right heart catheterisation.
Cortical thinning in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Patients with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Authors: Li Yezhou , Wang Jing , Ji Lirong , Cheng Chaohong , Su Tong , Wu Shuqing , Han Fei , Cox Daniel , Wang Erlei , Chen Rui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEObstructive sleep apnoea is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness due to sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, both of which can lead to abnormal brain morphology. However, the pattern of brain structural changes associated with excessive daytime sleepiness is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of excessive daytime sleepiness on cortical thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.MATERIALS AND METHODS:61 male patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea were included in the present study. Polysomnography and structural MRI were performed for each participant. Subjective daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. Surface-based morphometric analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 and Computational Anatomy 12 toolboxes to extract cortical thickness. RESULTS:Using the median Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, patients were divided into the non-sleepiness group and the sleepiness group. The cortical thickness was markedly thinner in the sleepiness group in the left temporal, frontal, and parietal lobe and bilateral pre- and postcentral gyri (pFWE<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the cortical thickness and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and obstructive sleep apnoea severity, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score remained an independent factor affecting the cortical thickness of the left middle temporal lobe, transverse temporal and temporal pole.CONCLUSION:Subjective daytime sleepiness is associated with decreased cortical thickness, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score may be of utility as a clinical marker of brain injury in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.
The initial attempt at home hemodialysis in mainland China
Authors: Ni Zhaohui , Zhou Yijun , Lu Renhua , Shen Jianxiao , Gu Leyi , Mou Shan , Zhao Li , Zhang Haifen , Zhang Bin , Fang Yan , Fang Wei , Wang Qin , Zhang WeiMing , Zhang Jidong , Li Weiping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Observational studies showed home hemodialysis (HHD) to be associated with better survival than facility hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Patients on HHD have reported higher quality of life and independence. HHD is considered to be an economical way to manage end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had a significant impact on patients with ESKD. Patients on HHD may have an advantage over in-center HHD patients because of a lower risk of exposure to infection.
Participants and Methods:
We enrolled hemodialysis patients from our dialysis center. We estabilished HHD training center at first. The training center was approved by Chinese government. Doctors, nurses and engineers train and assess patients separately. There are three forms of patient monitoring: home visit, internet remote monitoring, and out-patient service. Demographic and medical data included age, gender, blood pressure, dialysis related data. Laboratory tests were conducted in our central testing laboratory including hemoglobin (Hgb), serum creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), albumin (Alb), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).
Results
Six patients who underwent regular dialysis in the hemodialysis center of our hospital were selected for HHD training. We enrolled 6 patients, including 4 males and 2 females. The mean age of the patients was 47.5 (34.7–55.7) years, the mean dialysis age was 33.5 (11.2–41.5) months. After an average of 16.0 (11.2–25.5) months of training, Alb, P and BNP were improved compared with baseline values. After training, three patients returned home to begin independent hemodialysis. During the follow-up, there are no serious adverse events leading to hospitalization or death, but there are several adverse events. They have been solved quickly by extra home visits of the technicians or online by remote monitoring. During the time, laboratory indicators of all the patients including Hgb, Alb, Ca, P, PTH, BNP, β2-MG remained stable before and after HHD treatment.
Conclusion
HHD is feasible and safe for ESRD in China, but larger-scale and longer-term studies are needed to further confirm.
General practitioners in front of Covid-19: Italy in European comparative perspective
Authors: Genova Angela , Lombardini Simone 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary care has had a crucial role in managing Covid-19 pandemic, despite the differences in primary care models in Europe. Focusing on GPs number as key aspect in primary care services, this study is led by the following research questions: 1) Is the number of GPsper 100.000 inhabitants increased or decreased in the last 20 years in European countries? 2) Has the GPs number per 100.000 inhabitants in Italy been consistent with the rest of the EU countries trend?3) Is there any statistically significant correlation between the trend in GPs number and the Covid-19 mortality?
Methods
Comparative data of the number of GPs per 100,000 inhabitants, in 22 European countries is investigated, between 1995 and 2014 (the last available data), with a specific focus on Italian case study. Moreover a statistical correlation is investigated between GPs trend and Covid-19 mortality rate.
Results
Data shows that the number of family doctors over 100,000 inhabitants in European countries have increased over the last 20 years, except for Italy where it has strongly reduced. The correlation between GPs number trend and Covid-19 mortality rate shows an inverse statistically significant results: countries with an increasing number of GPs had a lower rate in Covid-19 mortality.
Conclusion
This study contributes in the debate on the key role of primary care and GPs in managing the pandemic, showing the unpreparedness of the Italian health system to face the emergency.
Learned Pseudo-Random Number Generator: WGAN-GP for Generating Statistically Robust Random Numbers
Authors: Okada Kiyoshiro , Endo Katsuhiro , Yasuoka Kenji , Kurabayashi Shuichi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are software algorithms generating a sequence of numbers approximating the properties of random numbers. They are critical components in many information systems that require unpredictable and nonarbitrary behaviors, such as parameter configuration in machine learning, gaming, cryptography, and simulation. A PRNG is commonly validated through a statistical test suite, such as NIST SP 800-22rev1a (NIST test suite), to evaluate its robustness and the randomness of the numbers. In this paper, we propose a Wasserstein distance-based generative adversarial network (WGAN) approach to generating PRNGs that fully satisfy the NIST test suite. In this approach, the existing Mersenne Twister (MT) PRNG is learned without implementing any mathematical programming code. We remove the dropout layers from the conventional WGAN network to learn random numbers distributed in the entire feature space because the nearly infinite amount of data can suppress the overfitting problems that occur without dropout layers. We conduct experimental studies to evaluate our learned pseudo-random number generator (LPRNG) by adopting cosine-function-based numbers with poor random number properties according to the NIST test suite as seed numbers. The experimental results show that our LPRNG successfully converted the sequence of seed numbers to random numbers that fully satisfy the NIST test suite. This study opens the way for the “democratization” of PRNGs through the end-to-end learning of conventional PRNGs, which means that PRNGs can be generated without deep mathematical know-how. Such tailor-made PRNGs will effectively enhance the unpredictability and nonarbitrariness of a wide range of information systems, even if the seed numbers can be revealed by reverse engineering. The experimental results also show that overfitting was observed after about 450,000 trials of learning, suggesting that there is an upper limit to the number of learning counts for a fixed-size neural network, even when learning with unlimited data.
Application of Machine Learning in the Diagnosis of Vestibular Disease
Authors: Do Tram Anh , Takakura Hiromasa , Asai Masatsugu , Ueda Naoko , Shojaku Hideo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Machine learning is expected as a potential aid to support human decision-making in disease prediction. In this study, we determined the utility of various machine learning algorithms in classifying peripheral vestibular (PV) and non-PV diseases through equilibrium function test results. The 1009 patients who had undergone our standardized neuro-otological examinations were recruited. We adopted five supervised machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression). After preprocessing, tuning the best hyperparameters using GridSearchCV, and obtaining the final evaluation using scikit-learn in the testing set, the prediction capability was evaluated by various diagnostic test measures, namely accuracy, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, precision, recall, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). All five algorithms yielded relatively good results with the accuracy of each machine learning algorithm ranging from 76–79%, with the best being the Support Vector Machine classifier. In cases where the predictions of the five models were consistent, the accuracy of the PV diagnosis results was improved with a probability of 83%, whereas it increased to 85% for the non-PV diagnosis results. Increasing the number of patients and optimizing classification methods are warranted to obtain the highest diagnostic accuracy.
Photodecolorization of synthetic dye Congo red from the aquatic system by CaMgO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite
Authors: Aldaghri O. , Modwi A. , Idriss Hajo , Mustafa Bakheit , Ali M. K.M. , Ibnaouf K . H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Artificial dyes resist conventional oxidation and reduction mechanisms, making them challenging to eliminate from industrial sewage. Moreover, most of them have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Hence, the current investigation aimed to fabricate CaMgO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite for Congo red dye decolorization. The nanocomposite was fabricated from its precursors via a facile sonochemical approach and then characterized by various techniques. The XRD structural data revealed the development of peaks related to the phases of all constituents. The coupling of MgO and CaO to the g-C3N4 nanosheets is demonstrated through TEM morphological, EDX, and XPS investigations. The composite manifested high photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye in an aqueous system by virtue of its large surface area, low band gap energy and the photogenerated holes, and electron and the hydroxyl radical involvement. The dye photodecolorization displayed a rate constant of 0.07092 (min-1) and a decolorization rate of 99%. Furthermore, the photodegradation kinetics fitted the pseudo-first-order model and mechanistic suggested interpretation through the Z-scheme pattern. The investigation outcomes concluded that CaMgO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite is a powerful catalytic agent for synthetic dye decolorization in aqueous media.