bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citrus Red Mite Pesticide Efficacy Tests in Riverside, 1985
Authors: Hare J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were tested for control of citrus red mite populations in Riverside, CA. A completely-randomized design was used with 8 single-tree replicates per treatment. Trees were assigned to treatments based on precount densities to minimize within-treatment variation prior to the application of test materials. Applications were made on 22 and 23 Apr when mite densities were moderately high. Materials were applied with a handgun at 450 psi (ca 10 gal/tree, 1000 gpa) using a John Bean sprayer. Counts of live, adult female mites from two 4-leaf terminals per tree quadrant (total of 32 leaves per tree) were made weekly until mite populations naturally declined due to the onset of high (&gt;37°C) daily temperatures in late May.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Langston W. C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted to compare Savey and combinations of other insecticides with Savey to a standard, Azodrin, for control of twospotted spider mite (TSSM). Also, the effectiveness of preventive applications was compared to conventional directed applications made after mites had reached damaging levels. 'GP 3774' was planted in plots 8 rows wide and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied with a Hi-Boy sprayer, and a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. The field was uniformly infested with a Yazoo City, Miss., strain of TSSM, maintained in culture in the greenhouse. Beneficial insects were eliminated with a Bidrin treatment before beginning the test, and bollworms were controlled as needed with Ammo 0.04 lb (AI)/acre. On 3 Jul, Savey 25F, 1.5 oz/acre, and Savey 50 WP at 1.5 and 2.5 oz/acre were applied as a preventive application when 10% of the plants had first fully expanded, mite-infested leaves (6th from terminal). This application was repeated 7 days later. The conventional applications, applications based on percent investation, were made when 60% of the plants had infested 6th leaves. The number of infested 6th leaves found/25 randomly selected plants was recorded weekly on 24 and 31 Jul and 7 Aug, beginning 1 week after treatment on 17 Jul. Yields were taken by brush stripping the center 2 rows on 9 Aug.
Comparative Efficacies of Selected Pyrethroids Against Boll Weevils, 1987
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Anderson R. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A caged-plant study was conducted in the field at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer to one-row × 30-ft plots of flowering, 3-ft-tall cotton plants. The sprayer delivered 4.5 gal total spray/acre through size 3X hollow-cone nozzles (2 nozzles/row) at 35 psi. At the time of treatment application, the wind traveled at 2-5 mph from SE (row direction was E to W), RH was 70%, and ambient temperature was 89°F. Three- to five-day-old adult boll weevils were caged on the upper third of randomly chosen plants in each plot at both 5-min (0 h) and 48-h posttreatment. Cages were constructed of organdy cloth, each fastened at the top and bottom with Velcro strips. Forty-eight hours after each boll weevil infestation, the caged plants were brought into the laboratory and inspected for the presence of live or dead/moribund boll weevils. A boll weevil was considered dead if it failed to move when- its snout was squeezed with forceps. A moribund boll weevil moved its legs only slightly when its snout was squeezed with forceps, and it was unable to walk on a flat surface without falling on its side. Numbers of dead and moribund weevils were combined as a measure of percent mortality. Each plant was also scored for boll weevil feeding damage. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a completely randomized design. A replicate consisted of 1 plant infested with 10-12 boll weevils. Boll weevils used in this study were obtained from the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory at Mississippi State University (Gast-strain). Prior to use in the study, adult weevils were maintained in an environmental chamber and fed squares collected from field-grown cotton. The chamber was programmed to deliver a 14:10 (L:D) cycle at constant 78°F and 70% RH.
Evaluation of Novel Cythion Formulations Against Early-Season Pests in Cotton, 1983
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Anderson R. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M University Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi to evaluate 3 novel formulations of Cythion (Cythion RTU-8#, Cythion RTU-4#, and AC-880) for control of early-season pests in dryland cotton. Treatments and an untreated check were compared in 4-row × 30-ft plots of cotton planted 26 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments and the untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications of treatments were initiated at the pinhead square stage of cotton growth on 8 May; subsequent applications were made on 14, 21, and 28 May. Applications were made with a CO2-pressurized (35 psi) backpack sprayer, calibrated to deliver 4.5 gal total spray/acre through 2 size 3X hollow-cone nozzles/row. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by inspecting terminals of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for abundance of thrips and nymphal cotton fleahoppers and by inspecting terminal leaves (third leaf from apex of plant) of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for abundance of aphids. Seed cotton was hand harvested from a 13.6-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Evaluation of At-Planting and Foliar Insecticide Applications for Control of Early-Season Pests in Cotton, 1987
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Anderson R. M. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M Univeristy Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi to evaluate soil and foliar insecticides for control of early-season pests in dryland cotton. Four treatments and an untreated check were compared in 4-row × 30-ft plots of cotton planted 19 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Using Gandy applicator boxes, soil insecticides (Counter and Temik) were applied in the seed furrow at planting time. Applications of the foliar insecticide treatment (Cygon) were initiated at the pinhead square stage of cotton growth on 8 May; subsequent applications were made on 14, 21, and 28 May. Cygon applications were made with a CO2-pressurized (35 psi) backpack sprayer, calibrated to deliver 4.5 gal total spray/acre through 2 size 3X hollow-cone nozzles/row. Edaphic conditions at planting time consisted of 15% water (by weight) in top 4 inches of soil and a temperature of 67°F at 4 inches below surface of soil. The soil type was Victoria clay with an organic matter content of 1.7%. Following planting, rainfall did not occur at the test site until 4 Apr (1.0 inch). Accumulated rainfall at the test site from planting date to first bloom stage of cotton growth (the period during which data on pest infestations were gathered) was 5.8 inches. A light freeze (31°F for 1 hr) occurred 31 Mar. Also, the test site was subjected to heavy rainfall (12 inches) and flooding during the first 2 wk in June; fruit-shed by plants during this period was extensive. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by inspecting terminals of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for numers of fleahopper nymphs and thrips and by inspecting terminal leaves (third leaf from apex of plant) of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for numbers of aphids and adult female mites. A plant count was taken at the third leaf stage of cotton growth to determine whether the soil insecticides had an effect on the development of a stand. Seed cotton was hand-harvested from 13.6-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Laboratory Screening of San 353 and San 354 Against Mexican Rice Borer, 1987
Authors: Ring D. R. , Browning H. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
San 353 and San 354 were tested in the laboratory for effectiveness against the Mexican rice borer at 1.0 qt/acre and 1.0 lb/acre, respectively. Media in 10 small cups were treated with each formulation and 4 3rd-instar borers were placed in each cup on 1 Sep. Cups were examined 2 days later and then weekly for dead borers or adult moths.
Green June Beetle Control, West Virginia, 1987
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. , McCutcheon T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spring and summer applications of insecticides to a sheep pasture area were evaluated for efficacy in controlling green June beetle larvae. Treatments were applied in separate but nearby areas on 4 May and 21 Sep and replicated 4 times in a completely random design. Plots were 3 × 3 m and 1.8 × 1.8 m for spring and summer treatments, respectively. Liquid and soluble powder formulations were applied in 0.22 liter of water/m2 with a hand-held sprinkling can. No treatments were irrigated except the Dylox 5G plots, which received 0.22 liter of water/m2. Granules were applied with a hand shaker. Environmental and soil conditions at the spring treatment time were as follows: air temperature, 16.8°C; soil temperature (10 cm), 14.6°C; minimum overnight temperature before 1 DAT counts 0°C; soil dry. In the summer, conditions were as follows: air temperature, 24.1°C; soil temperature (10 cm), 20.2°C; minimum overnight temperature before 1 DAT counts 18.5°C; soil moist. Soil in the test area was pH 5.3 with an organic matter level of 5.5%. The only precipitation during the trial periods was 0.05 inches overnight after summer treatments were applied. There was no hatch layer in either test area and much of the ground was bare of grass due to grazing and activity of sheep. Treatment evaluations consisted of counting and removing all grubs on the surface of each plot at 1 and 7 DAT. Twenty-four h prior to the 7 DAT evaluation, the entire test area was treated with Sevin SL at 6.72 kg (AI)/ha.
Evaluation of Fortress 4G for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1987
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The design was a randomized complete block with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 5 × 20 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination across treatments. Plots were fertilized 20 Apr with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre, broadcast seeded the same day with 'Lemont' rice at 100 lb/acre, treated 14 May with propanil + Basagran at 3 + 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, and treated again with propanil at 4 lb (AI)/acre on 19 May. Plots were flush irrigated on 23 Apr and thereafter until the permanent flood, when the soil began to crack from drying. On 25 May the permanent flood was applied and maintained until maturity. Additional urea was applied at 51 lb nitrogen/acre 1 day before the permanent flood and at panicle initiation to give a seasonal total of 170 lb nitrogen/acre. Insecticides were applied with a hand shaker on 1 Jun, 7 days after the establishment of the permanent flood. From 17 to 22 Jun, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing 1 plant/core were removed from each plot. Plants were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket, and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Plants were measured for height, root length, and number of tillers and leaves.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Stink Bugs in Louisiana Soybean, 1987
Authors: Layton Blake , Boethel David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected insecticides were tested for control of stink bugs, primarily Southern green stink bug, in 2 separate experiments. In Test 1, plots were 7 rows × 40 ft in 36-inch rows. Insecticides were applied to 'Forrest' R6 soybeans on 15 Sep. In Test 2, plots were 8 rows × 40 ft in 36-inch rows. Insecticides were applied to 'Centennial' R6 soybeans on 23 Sep. Both tests were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insects were sampled with a 15-inch-diam sweep net at 2, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 8002 nozzles. Test I received 0.1 inch of rain between 2 and 7 days posttreatment; no rain fell during Test 2.
Sugarcane Borer Control, Small-Plot Insecticide Trial, 1987
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Bessin R. T. , Showier A. T. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of lst-stubble sugarcane (Sugarcane borer [SCB] susceptible commercial variety) at the St. Gabriel Experiment Station, near Baton Rouge, La., was sectioned into plots 3 rows (1.8-m center) × 7.31 m (0.004 ha). Insecticide treatments for season-long control of SCB were assigned to plots in a randomized block design with 5 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane canopy in water at 30 psi with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 135 liters of formulation/hectare/application. The insecticides were applied when SCB infestations exceeded the LSU-recommended economic threshold (5% of the stalks harboring SCB larvae in the leafsheaths) in the plots treated with Guthion at 0,75 lb (AI)/acre. Counts made prior to the first application revealed a 10% infestation level. Dates for the 3 applications were 14 Jul, 19 Aug, and 16 Sep. Season-long control of SCB was evaluated on 12 Nov (just prior to harvest) by examining 25 stalks randomly selected from the center of each plot for SCB entrance and exit holes.
Hessian Fly Control with Granular Insecticides Applied at Planting, 1985
Authors: David Buntin G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of selected seed treatment and granular formulations of insecticides was evaluated for Hessian fly control. Winter wheat was planted on 21 Oct at the Bledsoe Research Farm in Pike County, Ga. Plots measuring 25 × 7 ft were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Seed was drill planted with a Tye drill in 8-inch rows at 90 lb of seed/acre. Granular insecticides were broadcast immediately after planting with a Gandy bicycle applicator equipped with two 10-inch banders. Granules were incorporated in to the upper 0.5 inches of soil by raking each plot. All plots were sampled 45 days after planting by digging al! plants in 2 random samples of 30 cm of row. The number of tillers and percentage of infested tillers were determined. Data were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test.
Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1985
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Salvaggio R. S. , Vinis L. , Grove J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wheat was planted 17 Oct near Burrsville, Caroline County, Md., in a high-management commercial field. Armyworms averaged 3-4/ft of row in the test plot area at the time of treatment on 24 May. Treatment plots were 10 × 20 ft replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied by hand-held C02 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.4 gal/acre at 40 psi. Armyworms were sampled by counting the number of larvae/4 (3-ft of row) samples/plot taken at random. Posttreatment samples were taken on 28 and 30 May.
Control of Fungus Gnats on Chinese Evergreen, California, 1987
Authors: Garcia J. M. , Ali A. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-four Chinese evergreen plants growing in 6-inch plastic pots were selected for the study. ABG 6188 was applied as a soil drench on 24 and 31 Mar. Three treatments (high, low, and check) were used at 2 concentrations, and each treatment had 6 replications. For day 0 (24 Mar) the high rate was applied at 2 gal/100 gal water and low rate at 1 gal/100 gal water. For day 7 (31 Mar), high rate was at 1 gal/100 gal water and low rate at Vz gal/100 gal water. Unigro potting soil was used (redwood sawdust, ground fir bark, washed sand, peat moss, and vermiculite). Pots were placed in cages in a greenhouse that had an average temperature of 26.6°C and a relative humidity of -8%. Treatments were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT by counting the number of adults captured on yellow sticky cards. Each pot was watered with 00 ml of water on 14, 21, and 28 DAT.
Contact and Residue Efficacy Tests for Beet Armyworm Control, 1987
Authors: Harris M. , Warkentin D. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Contact-ingestion efficacy was tested by placing parly larval instars (laboratory colony generation 11) individually on clean chrysanthemum leaves and spraying with treatment solutions. After air drying, leaves with larvae were placed in plastic creamer cups with moist filter paper and covered with plastic lids. Residue efficacy was tested by placing leaves dipped in treatment solutions and air dried in plastic cups and adding individual larvae preconditioned on chrysanthemum leaves. Mortality was assessed at 24, 48, and 96 h posttreatment. All treatments were replicated 4 times with 10 cups/replicate.
Bendiocarb Screening Against Beet Armyworm, 1987
Authors: Warkentin D. , Harris M. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test insects were reared on artificial diet in a laboratory colony to third and fourth instars. To assess contact toxicity, larvae were placed in Petri dishes, sprayed with their respective treatment dilutions using a hand-held atomizer, then transferred to individual 1-oz creamer cups containing fresh diet and sealed with paper-insert lids. For the leaf-residue test, chrysanthemum leaves were dipped in treatment dilutions and allowed to air dry; larvae were introduced into individual creamer cups containing treated foliage and a section of moist filter paper. At each treatment level there were 5 replicate sets of 10 larvae/set. Mean percent mortalities were evaluated at 2-day intervals, and data were transformed by arcsin p prior to 1-way analysis of variance.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Butler, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment j plots were 5 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a COa sprayer with: 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held ! shaker and mixed with a fine grade of top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions &lt; existed: air temperature, 84°F; soil temperature, 86°F; RH, 78%; amount of thatch, 1.0 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil size separation: 26.2% sand, 53.6% i silt, 20.2% clay; soil moisture, 5.4%; soil pH 7.1; organic matter, 3.5%; water pH, slightly acidic; no rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period, j Posttreatment counts were made 3 Aug, 11 days after the initial treatment. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10-min period. Three floatation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to sq-ft count.
Laboratory Evaluation of Chemicals for Postharvest Control of Fuller Rose Beetle, 1986
Authors: Soderstrom E. L. , Brandl D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eggs (0-7 days old) oviposited on wax paper were placed in stainless steel screen cages 6 cm long × 18 mm diam closed with cork stoppers. Cages with eggs were dipped in test compounds at recommended strengths for 3 min, drip dired for 1 min, rinsed in tap water for 1 min, and air dried for 30 min. The tap water rinse was omitted for Dimilin. Treated eggs were held at 27°C and 85% RH for 30 days and examined for mortality. There was an average of 387 eggs/replicate, and each test was replicated 3 times. All data were corrected using Abbott's formula (1925).
Prevention of Japanese Beetle Defoliation with Foliar Insecticides, 1987
Authors: Redmond C. , Buxton M. , Potter D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Container-grown roses were trimmed prior to treatment to obtain uniform plant size. Blossoms were removed as they opened during the experiment. Eight replicates were arranged in a randomized complete block on 10 Jul and set out on a golf course rough in Lexington, Ky. Roses were sprayed to point of runoff on 10, 17, and 24 Jul. Plants were handwatered as needed. Injury was evaluated on 17 and 24 Jul by assigning plants to one of the following damage classes: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, or 100% defoliation. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's mean separation procedure following arcsine transformation.
Winter Oil Spray to Control Fletcher Scale on Taxus, 1987
Authors: McClure M. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in a commercial nursery in Broad Brook, Hartford County, Conn., to determine the effectiveness of a late-winter application of oil for controlling Fletcher scale on taxus and the degree of phytotoxicity caused by subfreezing temperatures following application. On 11 Mar, 30 1-m yews (15 each of'Densiformis' and 'Hicksii') heavily infested with Fletcher scale (x = 50 scales/12-cm branch) were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Two groups were treated that day with Scalecide 1:50 dilution (245 oz [AI]/100 gal); the other group served as the untreated check. Treatments were applied by a Solo Jetpak 425 backpack sprayer. Two liters of mixed solution was applied to each tree in 1 group, sufficient to drench the plants completely. Half as much mixed solution was applied to each tree in the other group, which provided only partial coverage of the plant. All living scales were second-instar nymphs at the time of treatment. Air temperature at the time of application and continuously for 12 days hence was monitored using a Foxboro hydrothermograph located on the ground among the treated trees. On 9 Apr each of the 30 yews was examined for phytotoxicity. The percentage of the total branches on each yew and the percentage of the total needles on an average branch on each yew that showed phytotoxicity were categorized in increments of 25%, Symptoms of phytotoxicity included yellowing, browning, and desiccating foliage. Each yew was sampled by removing 10 randomly selected 10-cm-long branches from the inner and outer positions of the crown. Branches were examined by microscope and the first 5 scales encountered on each branch were recorded as dead or alive. Air temperature at the time of application (12:15 to 2:00 P.M.) was 3.9°C (39°F), but within 5 h it fell below freezing, reaching a low of -3.3°C (26°F) overnight. During the subsequent 11-day period, daytime temperatures rose above freezing every day and fell below freezing on 8 nights. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded for the period were 15.6°C (60°F) and -3.9°C (25°F), respectively.