bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of nonlinear recursion equation in network security risk detection
Authors: Li Chunqiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of recursion equation in network security, the author proposes an application of network security risk detection. The search efficiency of the artificial intelligence planning algorithm is better than the traditional attack graph generation method, designed and implemented a planning engine for security risk assessment, according to the application problem definition, design data processing methods and grammar translation modules; efficient planning algorithms for penetration plan planning are selected and the analysis of the risk association process is completed. First, the development status and challenges of network security are summarized, and then, the research status of existing risk assessment methods is analyzed, the research ideas are introduced, and the main research results are given; the organizational structure is listed at the end. In the optimized parallel algorithm for recursive equations, when using P processors to solve a class of recursive equations of size N, the speedup of this algorithm is 0 (p), where 1 > p > 0.1 is an arbitrarily small positive number. Using the advantages of neural networks dealing with nonlinearity and complexity to predict the network security situation based on the improved recurrent neural network, the experimental results prove that the proposed method has high operation efficiency, low error and high accuracy compared with the actual value.
Manufacturing defects of woven natural fibre thermoset composites
Authors: Khalina Abdan , Lee Ching hao , Humaira Aisyah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thermoset polymer are components with high strength, chemical inert and thermally stable, due to its high degree of cross-linking. Natural fibre composite is providing a winning solution for extraordinary performances yet biodegradable. Woven form fibre even found better in specific energy absorption and stronger in strength. Fabricating woven thermoset composites may be done in a variety of ways. However, processing errors or manufacturing defects often occur by many factors, especially thermoset composites with natural fibre reinforcement. It is nearly impossible to achieves in detect-free when in lab scale production. Hence, it is important to study and understand the factors that causing the defects. Processing parameters, compatibility of matrix/fibre combination, yarn production and woven waiving skills may be the reasons of composite’s defects. In this chapter, several fabrication methods for woven thermoset composite were introduced. Some major defects on manufacturing the thermoset composites were highlighted. Some future perception of the woven natural fibre thermoset composite also have been discussed. This chapter set as a guidance to avoid or minimizes manufacturing defects upon thermoset composite processing.
State and market
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite the general demise of the phenomenon of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Europe since the 1970s, SOEs remained central to state economic planning in African markets after independence. Weak performance of African SOEs since the 1960s, mitigated reforms and some privatisation. The opening up of markets in Africa and states’ alignment to the market economic model, contributed to a different approach to the managing and operation of SOEs. The UNCTAD list of top non-financial conglomerates in the developing world includes two African SOEs. The lack of capital, access to modern technology and professional managerial skills (human capabilities), hampered the development of national economies in Africa. The state has re-entered the market in a different role as facilitator of private enterprise, but also as entrepreneur in strategic industries. Global resurgence of SOEs in the 21st century witnessed a new generation global SOEs, also in some African cases. This paper will assess the development of the «new generation» SOEs in Africa since the last decade of the 20th century using the case study of Sonatrach in Algeria.
Study on Fatigue Damage Behavior Focusing on Cumulative Dissipated Energy and Phase Angle Obtained from Repeated Compressive-Tensile Test
Authors: Imai Hiroki , Takahashi Osamu , Nakanishi Hiromitsu , Mohd Hasan Mohd Rosli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted to ascertain the changes in viscoelastic parameters with the increase in fatigue damage of asphalt mixtures. In the present study, it was ascertained how the viscoelastic parameters changed with the increase in the fatigue damage of asphalt mixtures by conducting the repeat compressive-tensile test using cylindrical specimens compacted using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor. The viscoelastic parameters, including dissipated energy and phase angle, were affected by the strain amplitude, test temperature, and penetration value. The relationship assessment between the viscoelastic parameters and the number of cycles to failure reveals that the fatigue characteristics are influenced by the dissipated energy accumulation and the phase angle changes in the fatigue process. The number of cycles to failure of the asphalt mixture was correlated with the total dissipated energy accumulated until fatigue failure and the change in phase angle in the fatigue process. The fatigue damage of asphalt mixture increased significantly when the asphalt mixture exhibited viscoelasticity and the unit dissipated energy reached its maximum value. The repeated compressive-tensile test can assess the viscoelastic parameters of the cylindrical core samples obtained from the field in both their fatigue damage state and the asphaltic concrete layer’s remaining life.
A model to predict the risk of infected episiotomy in low-risk women
Authors: TUĞRUL ERSAK Duygu , ERSAK Burak , ZORLU Uğurcan , KOKANALI Mahmut Kuntay , MORALOĞLU TEKİN Özlem , DOĞANAY Melike 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Infected episiotomy (IE) is a rare complication of vaginal delivery. However, the practical use of the risk factors involved in the development of IE is unclear. The aim of this study is to create a risk scoring model to be applied in clinical practice with the risk factors we will determine so as to predict the development of IE.
Materials and Methods: All women who were delivered vaginally with mediolateral episiotomy within a 1-year period were included in this retrospective study. While 42 women (cases) with the diagnosis of IE were eligible for inclusion in the study and formed the case group, randomly selected 168 women in whom IE was not detected formed the control group. Possible risk factors for the development of IE were evaluated by multivariate regression analysis.
Results: The analysis revealed 5 significant independent factors related to IE. Among these factors, 5 points were given to current smoking presence, 4 points to weight gain during pregnancy ≥11.5 kg, 3 points to postpartum neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ≥10.4, 2 points to presence of diabetes mellitus, and 1 point to presence of hospitalization before active phase of labor. And a cut-off value of 5.5 was found to be moderately effective in predicting IE.
Conclusion: Consequently, this five-variable model can predict the presence of IE with significant efficiency. In the presence of these variables, the clinician can identificate the patients at risk of IE. In this way, individualized patient risk assessment and situation-specific counseling can be made.
Epilepsili bireylerde duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ve sosyal destek: depresyon düzeyi ile ilişkisi
Authors: ALTUNAN Bengü , ÜNAL Aysun 
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada epilepsili bireylerde depresyon düzeyi ile duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ve sosyal destek arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Fokal epilepsi tanısı ile takip edilmekte olan hastalara Nörolojik Bozukluklarda Depresyon Ölçeği-Epilepsi (NDDI-E), Duygu Düzenleme Güçlükleri Ölçeği (DDGÖ) ve İki Yönlü Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (2-YSDÖ) verilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 109 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların %25’inde depresyon saptanmıştır. Depresyonu olan olguların DDGÖ median değeri 45 (28-55), depresyon saptanmayan grubun ise 24 (18-33,5)’dür. Depresyonu olan grubun DDGÖ skorunun depresyonu olmayan gruba kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm çalışma popülasyonunda yapılan 2-YSDÖ (92 (69,5-102,5)) ve DDGÖ (27 (19-41)) skorlarının korelasyon analizinde sosyal destek ve duygu düzenleme güçlükleri arasında negatif bir ilişki mevcuttur. Regresyon analizine göre ise duygu düzenleme güçlükleri depresyonun ana belirleyicisidir ve depresyonu %16,8 oranında açıklamaktadır.
Sonuç: Epilepsili bireylerde duygu düzenleme güçlükleri depresyonun ana belirleyicilerinden biridir ve yetersiz sosyal destek duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ile ilişkilidir. Epilepsili bireylerde depresyon sıklığını azaltmak için duygu düzenleme stratejilerini güçlendirecek rehabilitasyon programlarına ihtiyaç vardır.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 supplementation for irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Soman Raunak J. , Gorantla Sarath Chandra , Swamy Malisetty Venkat 
Published: September 2022

Background: Probiotic potential (efficacy and safety) of Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 has been studied in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and-diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D).Methods: This randomized, double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled parallel study randomized 92 patients (1:1) to receive either 500 million CFU of Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 (treatment group) or placebo (placebo group) twice daily for 60 days under two subtypes of IBS, IBS-D (n=46) and IBS-C (n=46). Primary outcomes were changes in IBS symptom severity noted using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale-IBS version (GSRS-IBS) on days 30, 60, and 75, and the number of treatment responders defined by subject’s global assessment (SGA) of relief ≤3 and ≤2 at days 30 and 60, respectively. We also assessed patient’s quality of life.Results: The GSRS-IBS scores reduced from day 30 through 75 in both IBS groups treated with Bacillus coagulans SNZ1969 compared to placebo (p<0.05). Higher GSRS-IBS score was noted in patients with IBS-C in the treatment group (22.45±2.7) than the placebo group (3.55±3.02; p<0.0001), and this trend was similar in IBS-D patients (p<0.0001). Most patients (90%) with IBS-C and all with IBS-D responded to Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 compared to no responders with placebo (p<0.0001). The SF-8 scores significantly reduced in patients receiving Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 than placebo for both IBS subtypes. One adverse event unrelated to the study treatments was reported in IBS-D group.Conclusions: Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 is safe, effective in alleviating IBS-associated clinical symptoms, and improves quality of life.
Selected Cryptocurrency Returns and Capital Gains Tax - Based on the Example of Countries with Varying Degrees of Legal Regulations Concerning Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Gniadkowska-Szymańska Agata , Olgić Draženović Bojana , Suljic Nikolaj Stella 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The purpose of this article is to present the impact of capital gains tax on the returns of the two most popular cryptocurrencies: BITCOIN and Ethereum Classic (ETC).
Methodology: In this study, the rates of return on selected cryptocurrencies were proposed as a variable that may be affected by taxes on capital gains. The article presents a new approach to the analysis of issues related to cryptocurrencies.
Results of the research: The results show that for selected countries (Hungary, Italy, Poland, the USA) there is a correlation between the tax rate on capital gains and the return on ETC. In the case of BITCON, however, there is no such a relationship.
Learning Theories: Educational Perspectives. 8th edition. New York, NY: Pearson, 2020, 582 pages, LCCN: 2018034999; ISBN: 9780134893754 ISBN: 0134893751 (paperback).Author: Schunk. D. H.,North Carolina University, 2020
Authors: Belay Mulat Alebachew 
Published: September 2022

The reviews were made on the book entitled “Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective” written by Schunk in 2020 which aimed at pinpointing important insights for readers. The review was made based on professional guidelines in reviewing books. The reviewers felt that the strengths of the book consist of addressing practical scenarios and objectives; and it explains vicarious and enactive learning, performance learning, self-regulatory learning, and positive effect of authentic modeling. On the other hand, the major limitations of the book include the criteria set to define learning was mainly in favor of behavioral learning theories which is against the notion of the book. There is also inconsistent organization and needless inclusion of contents. Therefore, the reviewers argued that the book is still recommended to education students, early-career researchers in psychology and education provided that the aforementioned limitations are corrected.
Keywords: Learning; Self-regulation; Motivation; Cognitive learning; Performance learning
Teachers’ experiences of online teaching in English as a second language classes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gipal Robert John D. , Carrillo Leonard John , Mallonga Jose Carlos 
Published: September 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly altered the conventional face-to-face to a new modality of teaching and learning, all across the globe. Several changes have occurred as the pandemic ran its course and became a challenge for the majority of teachers. In this regard, this study aimed to explore teachers’ experiences of online teaching in English as a Second Language (ESL) classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the study indicated that although others were getting accustomed to the use of technology in the teaching–learning process, the majority of language teachers expressed that online teaching has several limitations, such as access to the Internet and ownership of technological devices, classroom management in terms of low students’ participation and teachers’ readiness to facilitate online teaching, which might affect their experience in teaching ESL online. Hence, the researchers recommend that as the present situation continues to challenge the quality of education during these trying times, educators should have additional training in technology and should be given enough resources and support to ensure positive outcomes for the students.

Keywords: Teaching experiences, online learning, English as a second language (ESL), COVID-19 pandemic;
Modal Politik Keterpilihan Evy Susanti Sebagai Anggota Legislatif Kota Prabumulih Periode 2019-2024
Authors: Yunita Erin , Syukri Ahmad , Sirajuddin Fikri Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang modal politik dan faktor pendorong serta penghambat keterpilihan Evy Susanti pada Pemilu Kota Prabumulih tahun 2019. Tulisan ini menguraikan Pengendalian modal yang menjadi salah satu masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh perempuan yang terlibat dalam politik. Secara luas terdapat anggapan bahwa perempuan yang terjun ke politik berkorelasi dengan norma-norma tradisional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskritif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1. Mengetahui modal politik keterpilihan Evy Susanti. 2. Untuk mengetahui faktor pendorong dan penghambat keterpilihan Evy Susanti.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Evy Susanti mampu mengelola modal politiknya. Modal politik Evy Susanti tersusun dari pengalaman poitik, dukungan penuh dari partai politik dan tim sukses yang terbentuk, motivasi yang besar dari diri Evy sendiri dan yang terakhir marketing politik yang dibentuk oleh Evy dengan pencitraan politk dan penggunaan media sosial. Dengan dukungan partai dan pengalaman politiknya ia mampu dan berhasil terpilih menjadi anggota legislatif Kota Prabumulih. Untuk faktor pendorong serta penghambat keterpilihan Evy adalah dukungan penuh dari partai politik. Di lanjutkan dengan penempatan dapil strategis dimana di dapil tersebut Evy Susanti sendiri sebelumnya sudah memiliki popualritas yang tinggi ditengah masyarakat dan yang terakhir kepemilikan nomor urut kecil yang juga memudahkan para pemilih untuk mengingat nomor urut pencalona Evy Susanti. Sedangkan Faktor Penghmbatnya adalah masih adanya budaya patriarki dan Proses seleksi dalam partai yang masih mengutamakan kader lama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan akan menjadi bahan informasi dan masukan bagi mahasiswa, akademisi, pemerintah daerah, dan semua pihak yang membutuhkan di lingkungan Prodi Politik Islam Fakultas adab dan humaniora UIN RF Palembang dan pihak pemerintah sumatera Selatan Indonesia.
Malign ve benign tiroid nodüllerinin ayrımında ARFI elastografi
Authors: DEMİRPOLAT Gülen , TUNA Lale , KAVUKCU Gülgün , ERTAN Yeşim , PAKSOY Serpil , ÇEVİK Celalettin 
Published: September 2022

Aim: To examine the diagnostic performance of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) mode of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography imaging in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred four solid and mostly solid nodules >5mm were prospectively evaluated with ultrasonography, VTQ mode of ARFI elastography, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and when indicated with tissue pathology. Three shear-wave velocities (SWV) measurements were done in 196 nodules. The SWV ratio for each nodule was calculated as the mean value of the SWV of the nodule divided by the mean value of the adjacent parenchyma. The diagnostic performance of SWV value and SWV-ratio were assessed by a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Results: The mean SWV value in the normal parenchyma, in benign and malign thyroid nodules, were 2.13±0.44 m/s, 2.06±0.80 m/s, and 2.06±0.88 m/s respectively. The SWV-ratios were 0.97±0.37 for benign thyroid nodules and 1.02±0.40 for malignant thyroid nodules. There was no significant difference between benign and malign nodules in terms of mean SWV values (t=0.008) (P=0.994) or SWV-ratios (t =0.596; P=0.527). No cut-off point was found to predict malignancy. In subgroup analysis, AUCs for the SWV and SWV-ratio were significantly different between nodules ˂10 mm and those ≥10 mm, but not with any other two groups (all P>0.05) (Table-2). The cutoff points for the differential diagnosis were 2.59 m/s for SWV and 1.0 for SWV- ratio respectively for nodules
Detection of Sacral Fractures on Radiographs Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Inagaki Naoya , Nakata Norio , Ichimori Sina , Udaka Jun , Mandai Ayano , Saito Mitsuru 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Sacral fractures are often difficult to diagnose on radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the detection rate but cannot always be performed. The accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting orthopaedic fractures is now comparable with that of orthopaedic specialists. However, the ability of AI to detect sacral fractures has not been investigated, to our knowledge. We hypothesized that the ability to detect sacral fractures on radiographs could be improved by using AI, and aimed to develop an AI model to detect sacral fractures accurately on radiographs with better accuracy than that of orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:
Subjects were patients with suspected pelvic fractures for whom radiographs and CT scans had been obtained. The radiographs were labeled according to sacral fracture status based on CT results. The data set was divided into a training set (2,038 images) and a test set (200 images). Eight convolutional neural network (CNN) models were trained using the training set. Post-trained models were used to evaluate their discrimination ability. The detection ability of 4 experienced orthopaedic surgeons was also measured using the same test set. The results of fracture assessment by the orthopaedic surgeons were compared with those of the 3 CNNs with the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results:
Among the 8 trained models, the highest areas under the curve were for InceptionV3 (0.989), Xception (0.987), and Inception ResNetV2 (0.984). The detection rate was significantly higher for these 3 CNNs than for the orthopaedic surgeons.

Conclusions:
By enhancing the processing of probabilistic tasks and the communication of their results, AI may be better able to detect sacral fractures than orthopaedic surgeons.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Considerations on the Origin of the Inferior Thyroid Artery Emerging From the Subclavian Artery Determined by Ct Examination
Authors: Bunea Maria Cristina , Rusali Lavinia Maria , Bratu Iulian Cătălin , Tudorache Sorin , Bordei Petru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The specialized literature has a low degree of information regarding the origin of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA). Our study was performed on computed tomography angiographies (CTAs), and the following aspects were observed: the origin of the ITA from the subclavian artery (SCA) or thyrocervical trunk (TCT), taking note of the distance of the origin of the ITA in relation to the origin of the SCA or the corresponding TCT, as well as the origin of the ITA, comparing right to left and according to gender. Our study was realized on a total of 108 ITA (64 on the right side and 44 on the left, with 48 in male subjects and 60 in females), analyzed on CTA. From the 108 arteries, we found the origin of ITA directly from the SCA in 31.48% of cases, and in 68.52% from the TCT. The distance between the origin of the right SCA and the origin of the corresponding ITA, was between 29.1–53.1 mm, while on the left side, the same distance was between 43.7–68.1 mm. The distance between the right TCT and the origin of the right SCA, was between 22.5–75.0 mm, and for the left side, it’s between 48.7–56.8 mm. The inferior thyroid artery is one of the arteries most susceptible to variations in terms of origin and size. With differences between the two sides (right and left), as well as differences related to gender.
Correlation Between Soil-gas Radon and Soil-surface Radon Concentration and Estimation of Annual Effective Dose From Outdoor Concentration in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: SAMUEL DANIEL TUNDE , Farai Idowu Peter , Oni Olatunde Micheal , Abraham Aremu , Fajemiroye Joseph Ademola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the U series, Rn − 222 (T1/2 = 3.82 days) builds up more quickly in homes. Although it originates from rocks and dirt, it dissolves in water. A RAD7 solid state detector was used to test the outdoor and soil gas in-situ radon-222 activity at 26 locations in Abeokuta, Nigeria. The six geological formations that were picked for a cell and spaced at least 3 km apart served as the basis for choosing the measuring site. The Global Positioning System compass was used to determine the locations of the measurement sites. Outdoor radon levels ranged from (0.001 to 4530) Bqm− 3 while soil gas levels ranged from (52.5 to 19250) Bqm− 3. In comparison to the reference level for outdoor radon recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), which ranges from (100 to 300) Bqm− 3, the average outdoor radon concentration value measured was 463.52 Bqm− 3. The exhalation rate ranged from (0.000108 to 0.0395) Bqm− 2s, and the rate of production of soil gas activity ranged from (0.00011 to 0.0404) Bqm− 3s. The mean annual effective dose from outdoor radon activity was determined to be 4.242 mSv/year, which is greater than the ICRP-recommended limit of 1 mSv/year for dosage from public exposure. The annual effective doses ranged from 0 to 16.57 mSv/year. The measured values did not correlate, which may be partially explained by the characteristics of the soil and by meteorological conditions.