bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intein-split transactivator for intersectional neural imaging and optogenetic manipulation
Authors: Chen Hao-Shan , Zhang Xiao-Long , Yang Rong-Rong , Wang Guang-Ling , Zhu Xin-Yue , Xu Yuan-Fang , Wang Dan-Yang , Zhang Na , Qiu Shou , Zhan Li-Jie , Shen Zhi-Ming , Xu Xiao-Hong , Long Gang , Xu Chun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe cell-type-specific recording and manipulation is instrumental to disentangle causal neural mechanisms in physiology and behavior and increasingly requires intersectional control; however, current approaches are largely limited by the number of intersectional features, incompatibility of common effectors and insufficient gene expression. Here, we utilized the protein-splicing technique mediated by intervening sequences (intein) and devised an intein-based intersectional synthesis of transactivator (IBIST) to selectively control gene expression of common effectors in multiple-feature defined cell types in mice. We validated the specificity and sufficiency of IBIST to control fluorophores, optogenetic opsins and Ca2+ indicators in various intersectional conditions. The IBIST-based Ca2+ imaging showed that the IBIST can intersect five features and that hippocampal neurons tune differently to distinct emotional stimuli depending on the pattern of projection targets. Collectively, the IBIST multiplexes the capability to intersect cell-type features and controls common effectors to effectively regulate gene expression, monitor and manipulate neural activities.
Single molecule demonstration of Debye–Stokes–Einstein breakdown in polystyrene near the glass transition temperature
Authors: Mandel Nicole L. , Lee Soohyun , Kim Kimyung , Paeng Keewook , Kaufman Laura J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRotational-translational decoupling, in which translational motion is apparently enhanced over rotational motion in violation of Stokes-Einstein (SE) and Debye-Stokes-Einstein (DSE) predictions, has been observed in materials near their glass transition temperatures (Tg). This has been posited to result from ensemble averaging in the context of dynamic heterogeneity. In this work, ensemble and single molecule experiments are performed in parallel on a fluorescent probe in high molecular weight polystyrene near its Tg. Ensemble results show decoupling onset at approximately 1.15Tg, increasing to over three orders of magnitude at Tg. Single molecule measurements also show a high degree of decoupling, with typical molecules at Tg showing translational diffusion coefficients nearly 400 times higher than expected from SE/DSE predictions. At the single molecule level, higher degree of breakdown is associated with particularly mobile molecules and anisotropic trajectories, providing support for anomalous diffusion as a critical driver of rotational-translational decoupling and SE/DSE breakdown.
Peripherally restricted transthyretin-based delivery system for probes and therapeutics avoiding opioid-related side effects
Authors: Tuhin Md Tariqul Haque , Liang Dengpan , Liu Fang , Aldawod Hala , Amin Toufiq Ul , Ho Joshua S. , Emara Rasha , Patel Arjun D. , Felmlee Melanie A. , Park Miki S. , Uchizono James A. , Alhamadsheh Mamoun M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral investigations into the sites of action of opioid analgesics have utilized peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs), which have been incorrectly assumed to possess limited permeability across the blood-brain barrier. Unfortunately, the poor pharmacokinetic properties of current PAMORAs have resulted in misunderstandings of the role of central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract in precipitating side effects such as opioid-induced constipation. Here, we develop a drug delivery approach for restricting the passage of small molecules across the blood-brain barrier. This allows us to develop naloxone- and oxycodone-based conjugates that display superior potency, peripheral selectivity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in rats compared to other clinically used PAMORAs. These probes allow us to demonstrate that the mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system have a fundamental role in precipitating opioid-induced constipation. Therefore, our conjugates have immediate use as pharmacological probes and potential therapeutic agents for treating constipation and other opioid-related side effects.
Exceptional soft-tissue preservation of Jurassic Vampyronassa rhodanica provides new insights on the evolution and palaeoecology of vampyroteuthids
Authors: Rowe Alison J. , Kruta Isabelle , Landman Neil H. , Villier Loïc , Fernandez Vincent , Rouget Isabelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough soft tissues of coleoid cephalopods record key evolutionary adaptations, they are rarely preserved in the fossil record. This prevents meaningful comparative analyses between extant and fossil forms, as well as the development of a relative timescale for morphological innovations. However, unique 3-D soft tissue preservation ofVampyronassa rhodanica(Vampyromorpha) from the Jurassic Lagerstätte of La Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche, France) provides unparalleled opportunities for the observation of these tissues in the oldest likely relative of extantVampyroteuthis infernalis. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography and reconstruction ofV. rhodanicaallowed, for the first time, a high-resolution re-examination of external and internal morphology, and comparison with other fossil and extant species, includingV. infernalis. The new data obtained demonstrate that some keyV. infernalischaracters, such as its unique type of sucker attachment, were already present in Jurassic taxa. Nonetheless, compared with the extant form, which is considered to be an opportunistic detritivore and zooplanktivore, many characters inV. rhodanicaindicate a pelagic predatory lifestyle. The contrast in trophic niches between the two taxa is consistent with the hypothesis that these forms diversified in continental shelf environments prior to the appearance of adaptations in the Oligocene leading to their modern deep-sea mode of life.
Deep learning for necrosis detection using canine perivascular wall tumour whole slide images
Authors: Rai Taranpreet , Morisi Ambra , Bacci Barbara , Bacon Nicholas J. , Dark Michael J. , Aboellail Tawfik , Thomas Spencer Angus , Bober Miroslaw , La Ragione Roberto , Wells Kevin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNecrosis seen in histopathology Whole Slide Images is a major criterion that contributes towards scoring tumour grade which then determines treatment options. However conventional manual assessment suffers from inter-operator reproducibility impacting grading precision. To address this, automatic necrosis detection using AI may be used to assess necrosis for final scoring that contributes towards the final clinical grade. Using deep learning AI, we describe a novel approach for automating necrosis detection in Whole Slide Images, tested on a canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma (cSTS) data set consisting of canine Perivascular Wall Tumours (cPWTs). A patch-based deep learning approach was developed where different variations of training a DenseNet-161 Convolutional Neural Network architecture were investigated as well as a stacking ensemble. An optimised DenseNet-161 with post-processing produced a hold-out test F1-score of 0.708 demonstrating state-of-the-art performance. This represents a novel first-time automated necrosis detection method in the cSTS domain as well specifically in detecting necrosis in cPWTs demonstrating a significant step forward in reproducible and reliable necrosis assessment for improving the precision of tumour grading.
Assessment of solar radiation resource from the NASA-POWER reanalysis products for tropical climates in Ghana towards clean energy application
Authors: Quansah Alfred Dawson , Dogbey Felicia , Asilevi Prince Junior , Boakye Patrick , Darkwah Lawrence , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson , Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams , Mensah Patrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to expand the output of solar power systems for efficient integration into the national grid, solar energy resource assessment at site is required. A major impediment however, is the widespread scarcity of radiometric measurements, which can be augmented by satellite observation. This paper assessed the suitability of satellite-based solar radiation resource retrieved from the NASA-POWER archives at $$0.5^\circ \times 0.5^\circ$$

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spatial resolution over Ghana–West Africa, to develop a long-term source reference. The assessment is based on the criteria of comparison with estimations from sunshine duration measurement for 22 synoptic stations. Overall, the satellite-based data compared well with ground-based estimations by r = 0.6–0.94 ± 0.1. Spatiotemporally, the agreement is strongest over the northern half Savannah-type climate during March–May, and weakest over the southern half Forest-type climate during June–August. The assessment provides empirical framework to support solar energy utilization in the sub-region.
Associations of body shape phenotypes with sex steroids and their binding proteins in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Christakoudi Sofia , Riboli Elio , Evangelou Evangelos , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAssociations of sex steroids and their binding proteins with body shape are unclear, because waist and hip circumference are correlated strongly with body size. We defined body shape using “a body shape index” (ABSI) and hip index (HI), which are independent of weight and height by design, and examined associations in multivariable generalised linear models for the UK Biobank cohort (179,902 men, 207,444 women). Total testosterone was associated inversely with ABSI, especially in men. Free testosterone was lowest for large-ABSI-large-HI (“wide”) and highest for small-ABSI-small-HI (“slim”) in men, but lowest for small-ABSI-large-HI (“pear”) and highest for large-ABSI-small-HI (“apple”) in women. Oestradiol was associated inversely with ABSI in obese pre-menopausal women but positively with HI in obese men and post-menopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy. Sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was associated inversely with ABSI but positively with HI and was lowest for “apple” and highest for “pear” phenotype in both sexes. Albumin was associated inversely with HI in women, but matched the pattern of free testosterone in obese men (lowest for “wide”, highest for “slim” phenotype). In conclusion, sex steroids and their binding proteins are associated with body shape, including hip as well as waist size, independent of body size.
A novel hybrid GWO–PSO-based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems operating under partial shading conditions
Authors: Chtita Smail , Motahhir Saad , El Hammoumi Aboubakr , Chouder Aissa , Benyoucef Abou Soufiane , El Ghzizal Abdelaziz , Derouich Aziz , Abouhawwash Mohamed , Askar S. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the major challenges in photovoltaic (PV) systems is extracting the maximum power from the PV array, especially when they operate under partial shading conditions (PSCs). To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on grey wolf optimization and particle swarm optimization (GWO–PSO) techniques. The developed MPPT technique not only avoids the common disadvantages of conventional MPPT techniques (such as perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance) but also provides a simple and robust MPPT scheme to effectively handle partial shading in PV systems, since it requires only two control parameters, and its convergence to the global maximum power point (GMPP) is independent of the search process's initial conditions. The feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid GWO–PSO-based MPPT method are verified via a co-simulation technique that combines MATLAB/SIMULINK and PSIM software environments, while comparing its performance against GWO, PSO and P&O based MPPT methods. The simulation results carried out under dynamic environmental conditions have shown the satisfactory effectiveness of the hybrid MPPT method in terms of tracking accuracy, convergence speed to GMPP and efficiency, compared to other methods.
Peristaltic pump with heat and mass transfer of a fractional second grade fluid through porous medium inside a tube
Authors: Abd-Alla A. M. , Abo-Dahab S. M. , Thabet Esraa N. , Abdelhafez M. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this MRI is used for the diagnosis of the brain. The dynamic of these particles occurs under the action of the peristaltic waves generated on the flexible walls of the brain. Studying such fluid flow of a Fractional Second-Grade under this action is therefore useful in treating tissues of cancer. This paper deals with a theoretical investigation of the interaction of heat and mass transfer in the peristaltic flow of a magnetic field fractional second-grade fluid through a tube, under the assumption of low Reynolds number and long-wavelength. The analytical solution to a problem is obtained by using Caputo's definition. The effect of different physical parameters, the material constant, magnetic field, and fractional parameter on the temperature, concentration, axial velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction forces, and coefficient of heat and mass transfer are discussed with particular emphasis. The computed results are presented in graphical form. It is because the nature of heat and mass transfer coefficient is oscillatory which is following the physical expectation due to the oscillatory nature of the tube wall. It is perceived that with an increase in Hartmann number, the velocity decreases. A suitable comparison has been made with the prior results in the literature as a limiting case of the considered problem.
Design and development of non-magnetic hierarchical actuator powered by shape memory alloy based bipennate muscle
Authors: Chaurasiya Kanhaiya Lal , Harsha A. Sri , Sinha Yashaswi , Bhattacharya Bishakh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractActuators are ubiquitous to generate controlled motion through the application of suitable excitation force or torque to perform various operations in manufacturing and industrial automation. The demands placed on faster, smaller, and efficient actuators drive innovation in actuator development. Shape memory alloy (SMA) based actuators have multiple advantages over conventional actuators, including high power-to-weight ratio. This paper integrates the advantages of pennate muscle of a biological system and the unique properties of SMA to develop SMA-based bipennate actuator. The present study explores and expands on the previous SMA actuators by developing the mathematical model of the new actuator based on the bipennate arrangement of the SMA wires and experimentally validating it. The new actuator is found to deliver at least five times higher actuation forces (up to 150 N) in comparison to the reported SMA-based actuators. The corresponding weight reduction is about 67%. The results from the sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model facilitates customization of the design parameters and understanding critical parameters. This study further introduces an Nth level hierarchical actuator that can be deployed for further amplification of actuation forces. The SMA-based bipennate muscle actuator has broad applications ranging from building automation controls to precise drug delivery systems.
Effect of radiotherapy sequence on long-term outcome in patients with node-positive breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Woo Joohyun , Moon Byung-In , Kwon Hyungju , Lim Woosung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe optimal sequence of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) after surgery in breast cancer patients is unclear. There is a lack of literature on RT given between anthracycline and taxane administration. We evaluated the effect of RT sequence on long-term outcome in breast cancer. Two hundred patients who underwent surgery between January 2009 and December 2012 for node-positive breast cancers were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by taxane. Sandwich RT group that received RT between AC and taxane was compared to the group that received RT after CT. The mean follow-up period was 105.4 months. The locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate was lower in sandwich RT group (P = 0.012) and there was no significant difference in distant metastasis between the two groups. The RT sequence was an important predictor for LRR in multivariable analysis (P = 0.017). For luminal A subtype, disease-free survival (DFS) was better in sandwich RT group than in CT followed by RT group (P = 0.001). The overall survival did not correlated with RT sequence regardless of subtype. Sandwich RT can offer DFS benefit in luminal A subtype breast cancer. A tailored approach of sequencing chemotherapy and radiotherapy would be needed considering the factors that can influence outcome.
Predicting prognosis and clinical features of the tumor microenvironment based on ferroptosis score in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Yin Lianli , Tang Yinghua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFerroptosis genes have recently been reported to be involved in regulating the development of cancer, but their potential role in breast cancer (BRCA) is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to systematically study the mechanism of ferroptosis in BRCA and its relationship with this cancer’s prognosis, cell infiltration, gene mutation, and other clinical features. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer (TCGA-BRCA) database (UCSC Xena) was used to mine the ferroptosis genes related to BRCA patients, and the genes with prognostic value were screened by Cox regression analysis, which were then used to construct a prognostic model for scoring prognostic molecular risk. The relationships between ferroptosis score and prognosis, molecular typing, and clinical characteristics of BRCA were also analyzed. A total of 176 ferroptosis genes related to BRCA were retrieved from the database, 22 of which were found to be significantly related to BRCA prognosis after screening by single-factor Cox regression analysis (p < 0.01). Unsupervised clustering of samples was performed using factoextra, and two subgroups (ferroptosis cluster A and ferroptosis cluster B) with significant differences in prognosis were identified. Subsequently, single-factor Cox regression analysis and random forest dimensionality reduction were used to screen characteristic genes to construct a ferroptosis score model, which included a high ferroptosis score group and a low ferroptosis score group. The results showed that there were significant differences in ferroptosis scores between the ferroptosis cluster A and B groups. The prognosis of patients with low ferroptosis scores was poor, and the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with high ferroptosis scores was significantly higher, indicating that the prognosis of the sample can be well characterized based on calculated ferroptosis scores. Ferroptosis scores differed significantly according to patient age, TP53 and PIK3CA gene mutations, different PAM50 molecular types, and clinical stages. Ferroptosis activation plays a non-negligible role in tumor occurrence and development. Evaluating the ferroptosis score within BRCA will help advance our understanding of the infiltrating properties of cells in the tumor microenvironment and may guide more effective immunotherapy strategies.
Deep-learning density functional theory Hamiltonian for efficient ab initio electronic-structure calculation
Authors: Li He , Wang Zun , Zou Nianlong , Ye Meng , Xu Runzhang , Gong Xiaoxun , Duan Wenhui , Xu Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe marriage of density functional theory (DFT) and deep-learning methods has the potential to revolutionize modern computational materials science. Here we develop a deep neural network approach to represent the DFT Hamiltonian (DeepH) of crystalline materials, aiming to bypass the computationally demanding self-consistent field iterations of DFT and substantially improve the efficiency of ab initio electronic-structure calculations. A general framework is proposed to deal with the large dimensionality and gauge (or rotation) covariance of the DFT Hamiltonian matrix by virtue of locality, and this is realized by a message-passing neural network for deep learning. High accuracy, high efficiency and good transferability of the DeepH method are generally demonstrated for various kinds of material system and physical property. The method provides a solution to the accuracy–efficiency dilemma of DFT and opens opportunities to explore large-scale material systems, as evidenced by a promising application in the study of twisted van der Waals materials.
Analytical model of a dual‐stator spoke‐type permanent magnet synchronous machines accounting for tooth‐tips
Authors: Zhu Minchen , Zeng Pingliang , Lou Xiansi , Mao Guijiang , Dou Yongliang , He Zhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical model of a dual‐stator spoke‐type permanent magnet (DSSTPM) synchronous machines accounting for tooth‐tips. Based on the two‐dimensional (2‐D) subdomain technique, the field domain of DSSTPM machine is divided into seven sub‐regions, that is, permanent magnet (PM), outer/inner air gaps, slots and slot openings. The magnetic field distribution and electromagnetic performance can be calculated via solving the governing functions based on boundary and interface conditions. The analytical predictions for DSSTPM machine under both open‐circuit and on‐load conditions are calculated and compared by the finite element (FE) method.
Self‐starting generation of tri‐band frequencies using a dual‐parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator‐based optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Zhao Quanjing , Yan Juanjuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA scheme for multi‐band frequency generation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using a dual‐parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM)‐based optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). The principle of this generator is theoretically described in detail. It is found that multiple frequencies with a small power variation can be produced by setting the three working points and the modulation depth of the DPMZM. In the proving experiment, an 8‐GHz fundamental oscillation with a side mode suppression ratio of 44 dB is generated. The phase noise is measured to be −96.8 dBc/Hz @ 10 KHz offset with a 100‐m and 1‐Km optical fibre used in the two oscillation loops. When the oscillating signal is applied to drive the two sub‐modulators in the DPMZM, doubled and tripled frequencies are produced at the same time, and the phase noises of the two frequencies are also measured to be −90.2 dBc/Hz and −85.9 dBc/Hz @10 KHz, respectively.
Erhöhte ionisierte Kalzium/Magnesium-Ratio bei
älteren Hypertoniker*innen
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Kisters Lukas , Gröber Uwe 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungVeränderungen im Kalzium-Magnesium-Haushalt sind von pathogenetischer
Bedeutung bei der Entstehung von essenzieller Hypertonie und Arteriosklerose.
Ursache sind gestörte Transportsysteme für die Elektrolyte. In
einer Studie mit älteren Hypertoniker*innen wurde mittels
Messung von ionisiertem Kalzium und Magnesium sowie Berechnung der Ratio eine
neue Methode angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ionisierte
Kalzium/Magnesium-Ratio bei ca. 40% der älteren
Hypertoniker*innen statistisch signifikant erhöht ist. Da
erhöhte Kalzium- und erniedrigte Magnesiumkonzentrationen bei
essenziellen Hypertoniker*innen die Arteriosklerose-Entstehung
begünstigen, ist eine ausgeglichene Magnesiumbilanz bei diesen Personen
bes. wichtig. Insb. Senior*innen sind eine Risikogruppe für
einen Magnesiummangel wg. unzureichender Aufnahme mit der Nahrung und renaler
Magnesiumverluste als Nebenwirkung zahlreicher Medikamente.