bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity and its Legal Regulation (Foreign and Russian Experience)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Yakovleva Anna 
Published: February 2022

Unmanageable and not well regulated nature of cyberspace, both on the national and the international level, is a serious problem for all governments of the world, therefore, the issue of ensuring cybersecurity in the cyberspace comes to the fore, and there is a need for regulatory documents to govern it. In this article, using the example of regulations of the European Union (the EU Cybersecurity Strategy, announced by the EU Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on 16 December 2020), the USA (the National Cybersecurity Strategy of the United States of America, 2018), the Republic of Kazakhstan (Concept of Cybersecurity (“Cyber Shield Kazakhstan”), 2017) and the Russian Federation (Draft Concept of the Cybersecurity Strategy of the Russian Federation, 2014) the main characteristics of legal regulation of cybersecurity issues are examined. The analysis of the main documents in the field of cybersecurity of the EU, the USA and the Republic of Kazakhstan showed that their emergence and significant modifications are caused by the fact that the entire world is undergoing a transition to a digital economy. In Russia, the implementation of the national project “Digital Economy” (2019) has also begun. However, within its framework, the federal project “Information Security” is being promoted. This is explained by the fact that Russia adopts a broader approach to “information security”, while other countries use the term cybersecurity in their regulations. The paper suggests that the national understanding of cybersecurity and its key priorities differ significantly, but the issues that they treat are common: building a state level management system in the field of cybersecurity; determination of the necessary cybersecurity policy and establishing the corresponding mechanism regarding the problems of ensuring the cybersecurity of national information infrastructures and a clear definition of the roles in its implementation. The divergence in various cybersecurity visions is one of the main reasons that lead to a deadlock that prevents productive discussion of cybersecurity and the setting of norms at the international level.
EUROPEAN ARREST WARRANT ISSUED BY PUBLIC PROSECUTOR’S OFFICES IN THE LIGHT OF THE CASE-LAW OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic, KLIMEK LIBOR 
Published: February 2022

ОТАЦИЯ:	A set of cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union have been adopted, supplementing the Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States. The question repeatedly analysed in its case-law is whether the European arrest warrant can be issued by Public Prosecutor’s Offices. The contribution deals with the case-law of the Court of Justice dealing with this question. In seven sections the paper analyses relevant cases. In each case at the outset a reference for a preliminary ruling is mentioned. Further, dispute in the main proceedings and the question(s) referred for a preliminary ruling are analysed. The most important parts of analyses are considerations by the Court of Justice and its rulings.
Investigation of an FGFR-Signaling-Related Prognostic Model and Immune Landscape in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Qi , Chu Ling , Li Xinyu , Li Hao , Zhang Ying , Cao Qingtai , Zhuang Quan 
Published: February 2022

Background: There is accumulating evidence on the clinical importance of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signal, hypoxia, and glycolysis in the immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet reliable prognostic signatures based on the combination of the fibrosis signal, hypoxia, and glycolysis have not been systematically investigated. Herein, we are committed to establish a fibrosis–hypoxia–glycolysis–related prediction model for the prognosis and related immune infiltration of HNSCC.Methods: Fibrotic signal status was estimated with microarray data of a discovery cohort from the TCGA database using the UMAP algorithm. Hypoxia, glycolysis, and immune-cell infiltration scores were imputed using the ssGSEA algorithm. Cox regression with the LASSO method was applied to define prognostic genes and develop a fibrosis–hypoxia–glycolysis–related gene signature. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to identify the expression of specific genes in the prognostic model. Protein expression of several signature genes was evaluated in HPA. An independent cohort from the GEO database was used for external validation. Another scRNA-seq data set was used to clarify the related immune infiltration of HNSCC.Results: Six genes, including AREG, THBS1, SEMA3C, ANO1, IGHG2, and EPHX3, were identified to construct a prognostic model for risk stratification, which was mostly validated in the independent cohort. Multivariate analysis revealed that risk score calculated by our prognostic model was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor (p &lt; .001). Activated B cells, immature B cells, activated CD4+ T cells, activated CD8+ T cells, effector memory CD8+ T cells, MDSCs, and mast cells were identified as key immune cells between high- and low-risk groups. IHC results showed that the expression of SEMA3C, IGHG2 were slightly higher in HNSCC tissue than normal head and neck squamous cell tissue. THBS1, ANO1, and EPHX3 were verified by IHC in HPA. By using single-cell analysis, FGFR-related genes and highly expressed DEGs in low-survival patients were more active in monocytes than in other immune cells.Conclusion: A fibrosis–hypoxia–glycolysis–related prediction model provides risk estimation for better prognoses to patients diagnosed with HNSCC.
ISYNA1: An Immunomodulatory-Related Prognostic Biomarker in Colon Adenocarcinoma and Pan-Cancer
Authors: Jia Zeming , Wan Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common digestive system tumor in the world. However, the role and function of ISYNA1 (inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1) in COAD remain unclear. We aim to explore the role of ISYNA1 in pan-cancer, especially in COAD.Methods: The expression, clinical characteristic, and prognosis of ISYNA1 in pan-cancer were evaluated using the TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas), GTEx (the Genotype-Tissue Expression), and CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia). Pathway enrichment analysis of ISYNA1 was conducted using the R package “clusterProfiler.” We analyzed the correlation between the immune cell infiltration level and ISYNA1 expression using two sources of immune cell infiltration data, including the TIMER online database and ImmuCellAI database.Results: ISYNA1 was highly expressed in COAD and other cancer types compared with respective normal tissues. High ISYNA1 expression predicted poorer survival in COAD. We also found that ISYNA1 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration level of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated fibroblasts in COAD.Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings revealed ISYNA1 to be a potential prognostic biomarker in COAD. High ISYNA1 expression indicates the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Tracking the Lithium and Strontium Isotope Signature of Hydrothermal Plume in the Water Column: A Case Study at the EMSO-Azores Deep-Sea Observatory
Authors: Artigue Lise , Chavagnac Valérie , Destrigneville Christine , Ferron Bruno , Cathalot Cécile 
Published: February 2022

Lithium (Li) and strontium (Sr) are two economically relevant chemical elements whose oceanic biogeochemical cycles are not fully constrained. In particular, how they disperse and behave from hydrothermal sources into the water column is understudied while hydrothermal systems on the global mid-ocean ridge network (∼67,000 km) represent one of the main sources of Li. This study aims to provide new insights on the dissolved Li (DLi) and Sr (DSr) behavior in the water column. Here, we present for the first time the DLi and DSr elemental and isotopic (δ7Li, and 87Sr/86Sr) profiles from six casts distributed over the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field (LSHF, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). The DLi and DSr results reflect a hydrothermal contribution to the water column up to ∼300 m above the seafloor that can be quantified by up to 10% based on the DLi dataset. For increasing hydrothermal contribution the δ7Li values of the water column become heavier most likely due to mineral–seawater interactions, i.e., manganese oxide formed during the mixing of hydrothermal fluid and seawater. Contrarily to the DLi, DSr, and δ7Li datasets, the hydrothermal contribution to the water column is not evidenced by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios that fall within the range of oligotrophic oceanic waters. Surprisingly, some geographically distant casts display at the same depth identical DLi and DSr concentrations or similar δ7Li signatures. We attribute these features to the current dynamics above the LSHF, suggesting that the hydrothermal signature of the western casts can overprint those of the eastern and center casts in less than 1 h at the LSHF km-scale. Overall, this study highlights that 1) as for many elements, DLi, DSr, and δ7Li can be used to track the hydrothermal signature to the water column at a km-scale whereas 87Sr/86Sr cannot, 2) local currents play a major role in advecting the hydrothermal contribution away from the hydrothermal sources, and 3) mineral–seawater interaction processes are at play during the mixing between hydrothermal fluid and seawater and impact the δ7Li hydrothermal signature. Our study suggests that chemical tracers of hydrothermal input have to be chosen depending on the spatial scale of the studied area.
Mechanical Soil Database—Part I: Impact of Bulk Density and Organic Matter on Precompression Stress and Consequences for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Schroeder Richard , Fleige Heiner , Hoffmann Carsten , Vogel Hans Joerg , Horn Rainer 
Published: February 2022

The mechanical strength of agricultural soils depends on many soil properties and functions. The database, “soil strength and consequences for sustainable land use and soil management SOILMECHDAT-Kiel”, originates from the “Horn Research Group” includes analyses of undisturbed soil samples taken from more than 460 profiles in and is developed in collaboration with BONARES, a funding initiative of the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research that focuses on the sustainable use of soils. For over 40 years, over 42 different authors recorded 59 physical and 29 chemical parameters for complete soil profiles. In order to the aim of the initial analyses of this data is to determine the influence of bulk density (BD) organic matter (OM) and time (year) on precompression stress (Pc) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) as a function of Pc. Three main textural groups sand, loam, and silt for both topsoils and subsoils (SS) were studied. In loamy and silty subsoils BD and OM are not related to Pc (R2= 0.17 andR2= 0.25). OM and bulk density are more related to Pc in sandy soils (R20.55–0.59). The link between ks and Pc showed that sandy soils have a significantly higher Pc (&gt;150 kPa) and conductivities did not change much. In loamy soils, with a Pc &gt; 90 kPa, 50% of the ks fell below the critical value of 10 cm d−1. For silty soils, at a Pc of 60 kPa, 50% of the data fall below the critical value of ks. These findings suggest that the stability of loamy and silty soils not only depends on OM and BD, but requires further data to explain the variation in the measurements. With respect to ks, the results show that fertile silty soils are more sensitive than formerly defined.
Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies
Authors: Elnour Mohammed-Ahmed B. , Gloria-Soria Andrea , Azrag Rasha S. , Alkhaibari Abeer M. , Powell Jeffrey R. , Salim Bashir 
Published: February 2022

Increases in arbovirus outbreaks in Sudan are vectored by Aedes aegypti, raising the medical importance of this mosquito. We genotyped 12 microsatellite loci in four populations of Ae. aegypti from Sudan, two from the East and two from the West, and analyzed them together with a previously published database of 31 worldwide populations to infer population structure and investigate the demographic history of this species in Sudan. Our results revealed the presence of two genetically distinct subspecies of Ae. aegypti in Sudan. These are Ae. aegypti aegypti in Eastern Sudan and Ae. aegypti formosus in Western Sudan. Clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from East Sudan are genetically homogeneous, while we found population substructure in West Sudan. In the global context our results indicate that Eastern Sudan populations are genetically closer to Asian and American populations, while Western Sudan populations are related to East and West African populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis supports a scenario in which Ae. aegypti entered Sudan in at least two independent occasions nearly 70–80 years ago. This study provides a baseline database that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions for this invasive species into Sudan. The presence of the two subspecies in the country should be consider when designing interventions, since they display different behaviors regarding epidemiologically relevant parameters, such as blood feeding preferences and ability to transmit disease.
Case Report: Genetic Analysis of PEG-Asparaginase Induced Severe Hypertriglyceridemia in an Adult With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Iannuzzi Arcangelo , Annunziata Mario , Fortunato Giuliana , Giacobbe Carola , Palma Daniela , Bresciani Alessandro , Aliberti Emilio , Iannuzzo Gabriella 
Published: February 2022

PEG-Asparaginase (also known as Pegaspargase), along with glucocorticoids (predominantly prednisolone or dexamethasone) and other chemotherapeutic agents (such as cyclophosphamide, idarubicin, vincristine, cytarabine, methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine) is the current standard treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in both children and adults. High doses of PEG-asparaginase are associated with side effects such as hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, venous thrombosis, hypersensitivity reactions against the drug and severe hypertriglyceridemia. We report a case of a 28-year-old male who was normolipidemic at baseline and developed severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides of 1793 mg/dl) following treatment with PEG-asparaginase for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Thorough genetic analysis was conducted to assess whether genetic variants could suggest a predisposition to this drug-induced metabolic condition. This genetic analysis showed the presence of a rare heterozygous missense variant c.11G &gt; A-p.(Arg4Gln) in the APOC3 gene, classified as a variant of uncertain significance, as well as its association with four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; c.*40C &gt; G in APOC3 and c.*158T &gt; C; c.162-43G &gt; A; c.-3A &gt; G in APOA5) related to increased plasma triglyceride levels. To our knowledge this is the first case that a rare genetic variant associated to SNPs has been related to the onset of severe drug-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
Circulating Type I Interferon Levels in the Early Phase of COVID-19 Are Associated With the Development of Respiratory Failure
Authors: Nagaoka Kentaro , Kawasuji Hitoshi , Murai Yushi , Kaneda Makito , Ueno Akitoshi , Miyajima Yuki , Fukui Yasutaka , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Yamamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe role of type I interferons (IFNs) in the early phase of COVID-19 remains unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between IFN-I levels in patients with COVID-19 and clinical presentation, SARS-CoV-2 viral load, and other major pro-inflammatory cytokines.MethodsThis prospective observational study recruited patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL10) within 5 days after symptom onset were measured using an ELISA, in serum from blood collected within 5 days after the onset of symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2 viral load was determined via qPCR using nasal-swab specimens and serum.ResultsThe study enrolled 50 patients with COVID-19. IFN-α levels were significantly higher in patients who presented with pneumonia or developed hypoxemic respiratory failure (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, IFN-α levels were associated with viral load in nasal-swab specimens and RNAemia (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant association between IFN-β levels and the presence of pneumonia or RNAemia, despite showing a stronger association with nasal-swab viral load (p &lt; 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of IFN-α significantly correlated with those of IFN-β, IL-6, and CXCL10, while the levels of IFN-β did not correlate with those of IL-6 or CXCL10.ConclusionsSerum IFN-I levels in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection were higher in patients who developed hypoxemic respiratory failure. The association between IFN-α, IL-6, and CXCL10 may reflect the systemic immune response against SARS-CoV-2 invasion into pulmonary circulation, which might be an early predictor of respiratory failure due to COVID-19.
In-vivo Lens Biometry Using the Novel Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Ruan Xiaoting , Liang Chen , Xia Zhaoxia , Tan Xuhua , Jin Guangming , Jin Ling , Liu Zhenzhen , Luo Lixia 
Published: February 2022

Background and AimTo assess the reproducibility of the novel ultrasound biomicroscopy, Insight 100 and its agreement with a swept-source optical coherence tomography, CASIA2.MethodsA total of 96 volunteers (96 eyes) were enrolled. The radius of anterior lens curvature (RAL), the radius of posterior lens curvature (RPL), lens thickness (LT), and lens diameter (LD) were measured with Insight 100 and CASIA2. A semiautomated software was used to adjust the measurement of LT (LTS) and LD (LDS) by Insight 100. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of Insight 100 measurements, and the agreement of results from Insight 100 and CASIA2 were assessed with 95% limit of agreement (LoA), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation, and linear regression.ResultsFor Insight 100 measurements, the intraobserver ICCs of RAL, RPL, LTS, and LDS measurement were 0.996, 0.973, 0.936, and 0.889, and the interobserver ICCs were 0.987, 0.890, 0.974, and 0.816, respectively. There was an excellent correlation in LT measurements (R = 0.961, P &lt; 0.001) but poor agreements in other parameters between the two devices. The LD measurements tended to be larger (95% CI: 0.768–0.928) in CASIA2 when compared with Insight 100.ConclusionInsight 100 could obtain highly repeatable lens biometry in vivo. With better signal penetration, it shows promising potential in future clinical applications.
Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota
Authors: Zhong Yanlin , Fang Xie , Wang Xuemei , Lin Yu-An , Wu Huping , Li Cheng 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the composition and diversity of bacterial communities on the ocular surface before and after the intervention with sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without preservatives) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.MethodsSixteen healthy adults were randomly divided into two groups and treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops with or without preservatives for 2 weeks. The individuals used the same artificial tears in both eyes. The microbial samples from the conjunctival sac of each participant were collected at baseline and 2 weeks after intervention. The diversity and taxonomic differences among different groups before and after intervention were compared by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsThe similarity in the binocular microbial community was high in 1 of the 16 volunteers (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity score &lt; 0.3). At the genus level, 11 bacteria were detected in all samples with an average relative abundance of more than 1%. The bacterial community changed significantly after the use of sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without preservatives), whether within individuals or between individuals in different groups (P &lt; 0.05, PERMANOVA). Different dosage forms of sodium hyaluronate eye drops significantly decreased the relative abundance of Flavobacterium caeni and Deinococcus antarcticus, respectively (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsHealthy people had a rich diversity of the bacterial microbiota on the ocular surface, but the bacterial communities between the eyes were not completely similar. Irrespective of containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), sodium hyaluronate eye drops can change the bacterial community on the ocular surface.
Persistent Endothelial Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease-2019 Survivors Late After Recovery
Authors: Gao Yi-Ping , Zhou Wei , Huang Pei-Na , Liu Hong-Yun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Zhu Ying , Sun Jie , Tang Qiao-Ying , Li Li , Zhang Jun , Zhu Wei-Hong , Cheng Xue-Qing , Liu Ya-Ni , Deng You-Bin 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in an endothelial dysfunction in acute phase. However, information on the late vascular consequences of COVID-19 is limited.MethodsBrachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) examination were performed, and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed in 86 survivors of COVID-19 for 327 days (IQR 318–337 days) after recovery. Comparisons were made with 28 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls and 30 risk factor-matched patients.ResultsBrachial artery FMD was significantly lower in the survivors of COVID-19 than in the healthy controls and risk factor-matched controls [median (IQR) 7.7 (5.1–10.7)% for healthy controls, 6.9 (5.5–9.4)% for risk factor-matched controls, and 3.5(2.2–4.6)% for COVID-19, respectively, p &lt; 0.001]. The FMD was lower in 25 patients with elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [2.7(1.2–3.9)] than in 61 patients without elevated TNF-α [3.8(2.6–5.3), p = 0.012]. Furthermore, FMD was inversely correlated with serum concentration of TNF-α (r = −0.237, p = 0.007).ConclusionSurvivors of COVID-19 have a reduced brachial artery FMD, which is inversely correlated with increased serum concentration of TNF-α. Prospective studies on the association of endothelial dysfunction with long-term cardiovascular outcomes, especially the early onset of atherosclerosis, are warranted in survivors of COVID-19.
Case Report: Myocarditis After COVID-19 Vaccination – Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Nunn Samuel , Kersten Johannes , Tadic Marijana , Wolf Alexander , Gonska Birgid , Hüll Elina , Dietenberger Hanna , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Buckert Dominik 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic demands a series of measures and, above all, the vaccination of a substantial proportion of the population. Acute myocarditis is a rare complication of the widely used mRNA-based vaccines.Case PresentationWe present a case series of four patients (three men and one woman, 16 to 47 years old) with acute pericarditis/myocarditis 3 to 17 days after mRNA vaccination. They presented with chest pain, fever, and flu-like symptoms. Diagnosis was made based on the synopsis of clinical presentation, elevated levels of troponin T and NT-proBNP, impaired systolic function on echocardiography, and findings in non-invasive tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Two patients also underwent endomyocardial biopsies. As none of the patients showed signs of cardiogenic shock, they were discharged from ward care only a few days after their initial presentations.ConclusionsOur data are consistent with other case reports of myocarditis early after mRNA vaccination and demonstrate the need for multimodal diagnostics. In view of its rarity and mild course, the risk–benefit ratio of vaccination remains positive compared to potential SARS-CoV-2 infection.