bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Nanoerythrosome‐Coated Aptamer–DNA Tetrahedron/Maytansine Conjugates: pH‐Responsive and Targeted Cytotoxicity for HER2‐Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Ma Wenjuan , Yang Yuting , Zhu Jianwei , Jia Weiqiang , Zhang Tao , Liu Zhiqiang , Chen Xingyu , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDNA materials have emerged as potential nanocarriers for targeted cancer therapy to precisely deliver cargos with specific purposes. The short half‐life and low bioavailability of DNA materials due to their interception by the reticuloendothelial system and blood clearance further limit their clinical translation. This study employs an HER2‐targeted DNA‐aptamer‐modified DNA tetrahedron (HApt‐tFNA) as a drug delivery system, and combines maytansine (DM1) to develop the HApt‐DNA tetrahedron/DM1 conjugate (HApt‐tFNA@DM1, HTD, HApDC) for targeted therapy of HER2‐positive cancer. To optimize the pharmacokinetics and tumor‐aggregation of HTD, a biomimetic camouflage is applied to embed HTD. The biomimetic camouflage is constructed by merging the erythrocyte membrane with pH‐responsive functionalized synthetic liposomes, thus with excellent performance of drug delivery and tumor‐stimulated drug release. The hybrid erythrosome‐based nanoparticles show better inhibition of HER2‐positive cancer than other drug formulations and exhibit superior biosafety. With the strengths of precise delivery, increased drug loading, sensitive tumor probing, and prolonged circulation time, the HApDC represents a promising nanomedicine to treat HER2‐positive tumors. Notably, this study developsa dual‐targeting nanoparticle by combining pH‐sensitive camouflage and HApDC, initiating an important step toward the development and application of DNA‐based medicine and biomimetic cell membrane materials in cancer treatment and other potential biological applications.
Ultralow‐Power Synaptic Transistors Based on Ta2O5/Al2O3 Bilayer Dielectric for Algebraic Arithmetic
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Wang Jialiang , Zhang Jiaona , Huang Weihong , Wang Xinwei , Zhang Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultifarious artificial synaptic devices are extensively proposed in the field of neuromorphic hardware systems for their applicability in promising parallel computer architecture, which is preferred to classical Von Neumann architecture in numerous and complex information processing. Besides the ability to mimic typical biological synaptic behaviors, low power consumption is critical for the synaptic devices in the neuromorphic hardware system.In this paper, ultralow‐power Ta2O5/Al2O3 bilayer‐gate‐dielectric synaptic transistors (TABSTs) with low‐temperature atomic layer deposited dielectric are proposed. The TABSTs show power consumption as low as 19.9 aJ per synaptic event successfully at a low drain voltage of 0.001 V and a short pulse width of 1 ms. Essential synaptic behaviors including excitatory postsynaptic current, inhibitory postsynaptic current, spike‐amplitude‐dependent plasticity, spike‐duration‐dependent plasticity, paired pulse facilitation, long‐term potentiation, long‐term depression, the transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory as well as learning and forgetting abilities are well mimicked by the TABSTs. Moreover, algebraic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are also implemented by the TABSTs. This work provides a promising approach to emerging neuromorphic systems.
Accelerating Radiative Decay in Blue Through‐Space Charge Transfer Emitters by Minimizing the Face‐to‐Face Donor–Acceptor Distances
Authors: Huang Tianyu , Wang Qi , Meng Guoyun , Duan Lian , Zhang Dongdong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorophors (TADF) featuring through‐space charge transfers (TSCT) suffer from low radiative decay rates (krs), especially for blue emitters. Here, a xanthene bridge is adopted to construct space‐confined face‐to‐face donor–acceptor alignment and minimize their distances down to 2.7–2.8 Å, even shorter than the interlayer distance of graphite and thus strengthening the electronic interactions. The resulting blue TSCT‐TADF emitters exhibit peaks around ≈460 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of >90 %, and krs of nearly 107 s−1, almost 2–10 times higher than previously observed values with comparable reverse intersystem crossing rates. The corresponding blue organic light‐emitting diodes show maximum external quantum efficiencies of 27.8 % and 34.7 % with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage y coordinates of 0.29 and 0.15 using those molecules as emitters and sensitizers, respectively.
Computational methods and translational applications for targeted next‐generation sequencing platforms
Authors: Luthra Anisha , Mastrogiacomo Brooke , Smith Shaleigh A. , Chakravarty Debyani , Schultz Nikolaus , Sanchez‐Vega Francisco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the past decade, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have become widely adopted in cancer research and clinical care. Common applications within the clinical setting include patient stratification into relevant molecular subtypes, identification of biomarkers of response and resistance to targeted and systemic therapies, assessment of heritable cancer risk based on known pathogenic variants, and longitudinal monitoring of treatment response. The need for efficient downstream processing and reliable interpretation of sequencing data has led to the development of novel algorithms and computational pipelines, as well as structured knowledge bases that link genomic alterations to currently available drugs and ongoing clinical trials. Cancer centers around the world use different types of targeted solid‐tissue and blood based NGS assays to analyze the genomic and transcriptomic profile of patients as part of their routine clinical care. Recently, cross‐institutional collaborations have led to the creation of large pooled datasets that can offer valuable insights into the genomics of rare cancers.
A case of refractory urethritis with repeated doctor shopping
Authors: Maeda Koki , Shigemura Katsumi , Yang Yong‐Ming , Nakano Yuzo , Arakawa Soichi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionIn the field of sexually transmitted diseases, resistance and diversification of causative organisms are becoming a problem. We report a case in which the course of the disease was complicated by doctor shopping.Case presentationA man in his 40s visited his local doctor for painful urination and cloudy urine. Due to the lack of improvement in symptoms after antibiotic treatment, he self‐selected to visit six hospitals in just five months. He visited our clinic only a few times and then stopped coming.ConclusionDoctor shopping, as well as self‐diagnosis and self‐treatment, will continue to increase. Patient education is important, but medical professionals also need to be aware of the possibility of doctor shopping when treating patients.
A novel EEG channel selection and classification methodology for multi‐class motor imagery‐based BCI system design
Authors: Jindal Komal , Upadhyay Rahul , Singh Hari Shankar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMulti‐class MI EEG analysis is an extensively used paradigm in BCI. However, multiple EEG channels lead to redundant information extraction and would reduce the distinction among various MI tasks. Therefore, optimal channel selection from multi‐channel EEG activity still remains a challenging task. In this study, to enhance the multi‐class BCI system's performance, a novel channel selection, and features optimization methodology have been proposed. First, multi‐channel EEG dataset is reduced to an optimum no. of channels subset using developed MDA‐SOGWO based EEG channel selection criterion. After that, the discriminable feature‐set is generated from time, frequency, and FAWT based time‐frequency domain of EEG dataset. Then, an informative feature‐set is constructed from extracted features through CCA‐RFE based feature selection criterion. Finally, training and validation of selected feature‐set are carried out using ELM, LDA, RF, and MLP classifiers. The proposed methodology is evaluated on multi‐class MI datasets of BCI Competition IV 2a and BCI Competition III 3a, yielding classification accuracy of 85.65% and 95.15%, respectively. The classification results pose the proposed methodology as an efficient method for future BCI system design.
Can laboratory parameters be an alternative to CT and RT‐PCR in the diagnosis of COVID‐19? A machine learning approach
Authors: Kalaycı Mehmet , Ayyıldız Hakan , Tuncer Seda Arslan , Bozdag Pinar Gundogan , Karlidag Gulden Eser 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, a machine learning‐based decision support system that uses routine laboratory parameters has been proposed in order to increase the diagnostic success in COVID‐19. The main goal of the proposed method was to reduce the number of misdiagnoses in the RT‐PCR and CT scans and to reduce the cost of testing. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the files of patients who presented to the coronavirus outpatient. The demographic, thoracic CT, and laboratory data of the individuals without any symptoms of the disease, who had negative RT‐PCR test and who had positive RT‐PCR test were analyzed. CT images were classified using hybrid CNN methods to show the superiority of the decision support system using laboratory parameters. Detection of COVID‐19 from CT images achieved an accuracy of 97.56% with the AlexNet‐SVM hybrid method, while COVID‐19 was classified with an accuracy of 97.86% with the proposed method using laboratory parameters.
Inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4: A serologic marker relating to disease risk, activity, and treatment outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: He Kejian , He Sanshan , Su Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveInter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) regulates immunity and inflammation, but its clinical role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients remains unclear. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the association of circulating ITIH4 with disease risk, clinical features, inflammatory cytokines, and treatment outcomes of RA.MethodsAfter the enrollment of 93 active RA patients and 50 health controls (HCs), their serum ITIH4 level was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For RA patients only, serum ITIH4 level at week (W) 6 and W12 after treatment was also analyzed. Besides, serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17A at baseline of RA patients were also detected by ELISA.ResultsITIH4 was downregulated in RA patients (151.1 (interquartile range (IQR): 106.2–213.5) ng/mL) than in HCs (306.8 (IQR: 238.9–435.1) ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, ITIH4 was negatively related to C‐reactive protein (CRP) (rs = −0.358, p < 0.001) and 28‐joint disease activity score using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) (rs = −0.253, p = 0.014) in RA patients, but not correlated with other clinical features (all p > 0.05). Besides, ITIH4 was negatively linked with TNF‐α (rs = −0.337, p = 0.001), IL‐6 (rs = −0.221, p = 0.033), and IL‐17A (rs = −0.368, p < 0.001) in RA patients, but not correlated with IL‐1β (rs = −0.195, p = 0.061). Moreover, ITIH4 was gradually elevated in RA patients from baseline to W12 after treatment (p < 0.001). Additionally, the increment of ITIH4 at W6 and W12 was linked with treatment response and remission in RA patients (all p < 0.05).ConclusionCirculating ITIH4 possesses clinical utility in monitoring disease risk, inflammation, disease activity, and treatment outcomes of RA.
Impact of environmental factors on Streptomyces spp. metabolites against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Boukaew Sawai , Yossan Siriporn , Cheirsilp Benjamas , Prasertsan Poonsuk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBotrytis cinerea is an economically important disease on numerous vegetables including tomato. From our previous studies, a spore suspension of Streptomyces philanthi RL‐1‐178 and RM‐1‐138 and Streptomyces mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243 showed strong inhibition against B. cinerea. In this study, the efficacy of their antifungal metabolites against B. cinerea was investigated after enhancing the production through the optimum culture medium and environmental conditions (temperature, light/dark cycle). In vitro studies indicated that glucose yeast‐malt (GYM) agar and incubation at 28°C were optimal for growth and mass spore production of all three Streptomyces strains. Moreover, light/dark conditions had a positive effect on the growth and spore production of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 and RL‐1‐178 but not on S. mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243. Both strains of S. philanthi possessed an antifungal activity against B. cinerea (100% inhibition) while S. mycarofaciens showed different results on PDA (83% inhibition) and GYM (88% inhibition) at the optimum incubation temperature at 21°C. The antifungal compounds from S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 exhibited the highest protection efficacy against B. cinerea on tomato leaves (82.89% and 0.33 cm2 lesion areas symptoms). The antifungal compounds RM‐1‐138, identified by GC‐MS, were greatly altered based on components concentration under various temperatures and light/dark conditions. The anti‐B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 was established at a higher level in several metabolic compounds in the dark condition (11 and 32 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively) than in the light condition (11 and 19 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively). At 21°C, the dominant component was acetic acid (67.41% and 68.77% in light and dark conditions, respectively) while at 28°C, benzeneacetamide (43.58% in light) and propanamide (20.68% in the dark) were dominant. The results clearly demonstrated the significant influence of environmental factors on the production of antifungal metabolites of Streptomyces spp.
Increased N2 emissions from an arable soil four years after biochar application#
Authors: Michel Kerstin , Tatzber Michael , Kitzler Barbara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFour years after a single biochar (BC) application of 72 t ha−1, significantly higher N2 fluxes were measured from BC‐treated soil using the helium gas flow soil core method compared with the control. Nitrous oxide was below the detection limit. Soil moisture and temperature significantly affected N2 fluxes, which were highest at 70% water‐filled pore space and 5°C. The BC‐treated soil was characterized by higher organic C and NO3–N concentrations and a wider C/N ratio of the microbial biomass.
A class of higher inductive types in Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory
Authors: Swan Andrew W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe define a class of higher inductive types that can be constructed in the category of sets under the assumptions of Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice or the existence of uncountable regular cardinals. This class includes the example of unordered trees of any arity.
Cascade (Dithio)carbonate Ring Opening Reactions for Self‐Blowing Polyhydroxythiourethane Foams
Authors: Coste Guilhem , Negrell Claire , Caillol Sylvain 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foams are very common materials that have found many applications over the years. Their use is constantly improving due to their unique physical properties and easy blowing which does not require the addition of a blowing agent. Greener routes have been explored in the recent years to replace isocyanates. One of the most promising routes is leading to polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). However, with PHUs, external blowing agent are usually required to obtain a foam. Thus, the work focuses on PHU foam synthesis using in situ reaction to produce NIPU foam. Hence, the aminolysis of thiocyclic carbonate triggers Pearson reaction between released thiols and cyclic carbonates which serves as a chemical blowing agent.
TO WHAT EXTENT DOES IN‐PERSON SCHOOLING CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPREAD OF COVID‐19? EVIDENCE FROM MICHIGAN AND WASHINGTON
Authors: Goldhaber Dan , Imberman Scott A. , Strunk Katharine O. , Hopkins Bryant G. , Brown Nate , Harbatkin Erica , Kilbride Tara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper we use data from Michigan and Washington on COVID case rates at the county level linked to information on the instructional modality offered by local public school districts during the 2020/2021 school year to assess the relationship between modality and COVID spread. We focus primarily on COVID case rates, but also provide estimates for hospitalizations (in Washington only) and deaths. District and month fixed effects models that exploit within‐district (over time) variation in instructional modality and account for time‐invariant district factors show that, in both states, in‐person/hybrid schooling relative to remote instruction can lead to increases in COVID spread in communities with moderate to high levels of preexisting COVID cases. Event study estimates show sharp increases in Michigan case rates after a district opens for in‐person or hybrid schooling, but these largely fade out over two months.
Copy‐number intratumor heterogeneity increases the risk of relapse in chemotherapy‐naive stage II colon cancer
Authors: Lahoz Sara , Archilla Ivan , Asensio Elena , Hernández‐Illán Eva , Ferrer Queralt , López‐Prades Sandra , Nadeu Ferran , Del Rey Javier , Sanz‐Pamplona Rebeca , Lozano Juan José , Castells Antoni , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Camps Jordi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptimal selection of high‐risk patients with stage II colon cancer is crucial to ensure clinical benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of genomic intratumor heterogeneity and aneuploidy for disease recurrence. We combined targeted sequencing, SNP arrays, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry on a retrospective cohort of 84 untreated stage II colon cancer patients. We assessed the clonality of copy‐number alterations (CNAs) and mutations, CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration, and their association with time to recurrence. Prognostic factors were included in machine learning analysis to evaluate their ability to predict individual relapse risk. Tumors from recurrent patients displayed a greater proportion of CNAs compared with non‐recurrent (mean 31.3% versus 23%, respectively; p = 0.014). Furthermore, patients with elevated tumor CNA load exhibited a higher risk of recurrence compared with those with low levels [p = 0.038; hazard ratio (HR) 2.46], which was confirmed in an independent cohort (p = 0.004; HR 3.82). Candidate chromosome‐specific aberrations frequently observed in recurrent cases included gain of the chromosome arm 13q (p = 0.02; HR 2.67) and loss of heterozygosity at 17q22–q24.3 (p = 0.05; HR 2.69). CNA load positively correlated with intratumor heterogeneity (R = 0.52; p < 0.0001). Consistently, incremental subclonal CNAs were associated with an elevated risk of relapse (p = 0.028; HR 2.20), which we did not observe for subclonal single‐nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions. The clinico‐genomic model rated an area under the curve of 0.83, achieving a 10% incremental gain compared with clinicopathological markers (p = 0.047). In conclusion, tumor aneuploidy and copy‐number intratumor heterogeneity were predictive of poor outcome and improved discriminative performance in early‐stage colon cancer. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Identifying service users' experience of the education, health and care plan process: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ahad Anila , Thompson Angela M. , Hall Katherine E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEducation, Health and Care Plans (EHCPs) were introduced in 2014 to improve provision for children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Some service users have found this change positive, but there is also dissatisfaction among service users with the EHCP process. This was captured in the recent Education Select Committee report, which took evidence from a range of stakeholders, representatives and service users examining the context, support and barriers associated with SEND (House of Commons, 2019). This review identifies and appraises research concerning service users' experience of the EHCP process, to establish key barriers to improving SEND provision. Papers evaluating the experience of children, young people, parents and professionals with EHCPs were included to assess levels of user satisfaction. A total of 25 studies were reviewed in‐depth. Five key themes were revealed: lack of integration with health and social care; insufficient knowledge and understanding; involvement of children, young people and parents; increased expectations and demands for professionals; and need for greater parity and clarity. Most service users were dissatisfied with the process and expressed a need for greater funding and time spent disseminating knowledge of the EHCP process. This paper summarises key limitations of, and potential improvements to, the current EHCP process. Structural reform is required to ensure accountability of service failures. Further research is required focusing on the experience of additional professional groups, such as educational psychologists and social workers, whose experiences are under‐represented.
Manipulating Electrocatalytic Activity of Perovskite Oxide Through Electrochemical Treatment
Authors: Fan Weiwei , Sun Zhu , Bai Yu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerovskite oxides are widely used in electrochemical cells, profiting from their excellent accommodation of different elements and structure stability. Here, it is reported that when rapidly exceeding the electrochemical stability window of a perovskite oxide through electrochemical treatment, nanoparticles can dynamically exsolve from the perovskite lattice, yielding a nanoparticle decorated material (NDM) with fascinating particle population and distribution. It is reported that as compared to the NDM produced by chemical gas reduction, electrochemical treatment fabricated NDM shows much better electrochemical performance. At 900 °C, a peak power density (PPD) of 896 mW cm−2 (more than tenfold enhancement) is obtained for a yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte‐supported symmetrical cell with La0.43Ca0.37Ti0.8Co0.1Fe0.1O3−δ (LCTCF) electrode after electrochemical treatment for several minutes, while it only reaches to 210 mW cm−2 after chemical gas treatment for tens of hours using humidified hydrogen as fuel. The study establishes a new fairyland for tuning the performance of—but not limited to—the electrochemical cells.
Analysis and Performance Assessment of the Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing Data Workflow: Currently Available Tools and a Practical Guide to Advance DNA Methylation Studies
Authors: Gong Ting , Borgard Heather , Zhang Zao , Chen Shaoqiu , Gao Zitong , Deng Youping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDNA methylation is associated with transcriptional repression, genomic imprinting, stem cell differentiation, embryonic development, and inflammation. Aberrant DNA methylation can indicate disease states, including cancer and neurological disorders. Therefore, the prevalence and location of 5‐methylcytosine in the human genome is a topic of interest. Whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is a high‐throughput method for analyzing DNA methylation. This technique involves library preparation, alignment, and quality control. Advancements in epigenetic technology have led to an increase in DNA methylation studies. This review compares the detailed experimental methodology of WGBS using accessible and up‐to‐date analysis tools. Practical codes for WGBS data processing are included as a general guide to assist progress in DNA methylation studies through a comprehensive case study.