bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the history of madder (Rubia peregrina L., and Rubia tinctorum L.) in pre-modern Iran and the Caucasus
Authors: Potts Daniel T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For roughly four thousand years the pulverized roots of both wild (Rubia peregrina L.) and cultivated (Rubia tinctorum L.) madder have been used in Asia, North Africa and Europe as a red dye. Madder’s original, natural habitat extended from Iran to the Mediterranean and madder roots were gathered, processed and used long before the plant was systematically cultivated. Although the red dye derived from madder was put to various uses, the dyeing of fibres for use in textiles and carpets was the primary one, and is first attested c. 2000 BC in Mesopotamian cuneiform sources. In Iran madder’s use can be traced from late Antiquity to the modern era, and may have begun as early as the 1st millennium BC. In the 19th century demand for madder in India and Russia was great, spurring large investment in madder cultivation as a cash crop, both in Iran and in the Caucasus. Documents are presented which provide detailed accounts of both madder cultivation and the processing of the roots for the production of dyestuff. The introduction of synthetic dyes in the 1870s largely eradicated the market for madder-based dye in Eurasia and had a profound impact on the carpet industry, in particular.
Networks of causal relationships in the U.S. stock market
Authors: Shirokikh Oleg , Pastukhov Grigory , Semenov Alexander , Butenko Sergiy , Veremyev Alexander , Pasiliao Eduardo L. , Boginski Vladimir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider a network-based framework for studying causal relationships in financial markets and demonstrate this approach by applying it to the entire U.S. stock market. Directed networks (referred to as “causal market graphs”) are constructed based on publicly available stock prices time series data during 2001–2020, using Granger causality as a measure of pairwise causal relationships between all stocks. We consider the dynamics of structural properties of the constructed network snapshots, group stocks into network-based clusters, as well as identify the most “influential” market sectors via the PageRank algorithm. Interestingly, we observed drastic changes in the considered network characteristics in the years that corresponded to significant global-scale events, most notably, the financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020.
On some invariants under the action of an extension of GA(n, 2) on the set of Boolean functions
Authors: Logachev Oleg A. , Fedorov Sergey N. , Yashchenko Valerii V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Let G be the extension of a general affine group by the group of affine functions. We study the action of G on the set of Boolean functions. The action consists in nondegenerate affine transformations of variables and addition of affine Boolean functions. We introduce and examine some parameters of Boolean functions which are invariant with respect to the action of G. These are the amplitude (which is closely related to the nonlinearity), the dimension of a function, and some others. The invariants, together with some additionally proposed notions, could be used to obtain new bounds on cryptographic parameters of Boolean functions, including the maximum nonlinearity of functions in an odd number of variables.
Eine tief abgespaltene Minderheit
Authors: Roose Jochen 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Diskussion um politische Polarisierung in Deutschland bringt zahlreiche Diagnosen hervor, die oft auf empirisch sehr wackeligen Füßen stehen. Die Vermessung von Polarisierung mit repräsentativen Umfragen zeigt ein mäßiges Niveau der Polarisierung von Einstellungen, wobei sich in der Frage der Immigrationspolitik zwei gleich große Gruppen mit sehr konsequenten Einstellungen gegenüberstehen. In der Parteienlandschaft bilden die Anhängerschaften von AfD einerseits und Grüne sowie Linke andererseits die inhaltlichen Pole über verschiedene Themen hinweg. Parallel dazu gibt es eine gegenseitige Abneigung gegen die jeweiligen Parteien und tendenziell auch die Wählerschaften. Insbesondere AfD-Wähler werden verbreitet abgelehnt. Für eine Stabilisierung der Demokratie ist es entscheidend, die Eskalationsspirale zu durchbrechen. Dafür ist eine intensive Selbstbefragung erforderlich, ob harte Reaktionen tatsächlich Menschenwürde und Demokratie verteidigen oder sich emotional gegen unangenehme, aber dennoch demokratische Ansichten wenden.
Politische Polarisierung in und durch Massenmedien und soziale Medien auf Mikro-, Meso- und Makro-Ebene
Authors: Eilders Christiane , Kelm Ole , Weinmann Carina 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz diskutiert die Rolle von Massenmedien und sozialen Medien für die politische Polarisierung in Deutschland. Dafür schlagen wir eine theoretisch-konzeptionelle Systematisierung vor, die eineDimensionierungentlang der Mikro-, Meso- und Makro-Ebene mit derDifferenzierungvon themen- und gruppenspezifischer Polarisierung verbindet. Besonders auffällig ist die Leerstelle auf der Meso-Ebene. Die Mikro-Ebene ist besser abgedeckt, hier deutet sich ein Einfluss meinungskonformer Mediennutzung auf die Polarisierung an. Auf der Makro-Ebene dominiert die Forschung zur Parteiensystem-Polarisierung, bei der ein Medieneinfluss bisher jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Zukünftige Forschung auf der Mikro-Ebene sollte stärker die Wirkung konkreter Medieninhalte fokussieren, die einer Polarisierung entgegenwirken können. Auf der Meso-Ebene gilt es, zunächst zu explorieren, inwiefern Polarisierung hier zu Dysfunktionen beitragen kann. Auf der Makro-Ebene bedarf es eines international vergleichenden Vorgehens, wenn Medieneinflüsse auf Systemmerkmale in den Blick genommen werden sollen.
Production of performic acid through a capillary microreactor by heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Katuri Peddintaiah , Maralla Yadagiri , S. Sharada , Tumma Bala Narsaiah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microreactors are small in size with significant heat and mass transfer. Performic acid (PFA) is an important organic compound. It has broad applications in food, oil and chemical industries because of its oxidizing properties. In the present work PFA is produced in a continuous flow Teflon spiral capillary microreactor. The PFA is produced with and without a heterogeneous catalyst. The formic acid (FA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) are the reactants to produce the PFA. It is a reversible reaction. The aim of the present work to monitor the consequence of hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and heterogeneous catalyst (Amberlite) for conversion of the FA. The experimental results showed that the formation of the PFA is effected with increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration, percentage of catalyst and temperature. The PFA formed within short residence time by the use of solid catalyst. The heterogeneous catalysts are better in decreasing corrosion and segregation of the catalyst compared to homogeneous catalysts. The best conditions for the PFA synthesis reaction were noted that 10 min residence time, 30 w/v% of HP, 6 wt% of catalyst concentration based on formic acid and 30 °C. Hence, the maximum concentration of the PFA was recorded 2.8 mol/L (XFA = 39.4%)
Underwater wireless optical communication utilizing multiple input–multiple output (MIMO)-LED system for RF transmission with solar panel receiver
Authors: Qasim Ghusoon A. , Ali Mazin Ali A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, we designed an experimental system for underwater wireless optical communications. A function generation device sent frequencies (1–500 kHz) by amplitude shift key modulation technology, and these frequencies were loaded over light-emitting diode to propagate through a glass water tank with a length of 1 m, width of 40 cm, and height of 30 cm containing clean water of 80 L. These frequencies were received by a photodiode (BPX61), and the received signal was displayed through a digital storage oscilloscope device. Four techniques, single input–single output (SISO), single input–multiple output, multiple input–single output, and multiple input–multiple output (MIMO), were applied under the same optical conditions to know the quality of receiving the optical signal and the difference between them. Finally, the parameter values of signal-to-noise ratio, peak-to-peak voltage, and voltage gain were checked for each technique, and they were the lowest values for the SISO technique and the highest values for the MIMO technique.
Complications of orthopedic treatment in patients diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Paludan Carl Gustaf , Thomsen Kristoffer Koed Vittrup , Rahbek Ole , Kold Søren 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
XLHR in children with a Rickets Severity Score ≥2 can now be treated with the new antibody drug, Burosumab, which prevents bone deformities and increases gait endurance. This study illustrates the extent of complications in the traditional orthopedic treatment of XLHR. The impact of surgery and severity of complications in this patient population has not been systematically assessed before.

Methods
The search strategy resulted in 215 studies and data were collected from 19 eligible studies and complications were categorized. Four medical charts of patients with XLHR at Aalborg University Hospital were assessed.

Results
One complication occurred on average per surgical procedure for XLHR in the published literature. The 168 reported complications were categorized as follows: Type I (n=79): Complications with minimal intervention required and treatment goal still achieved, Type II (n=41): Complications with substantial change in treatment plan and treatment goal still achieved, Type IIIA (n=23): Complications with failure to achieve treatment goal and no new pathology or permanent sequelae, Type IIIB (n=25): Complications with failure to achieve treatment goal and/or new pathology or permanent sequelae.

Conclusions
In average, one complication occurred per surgery and the severity of complications were substantial. The treatment goal was not achieved in 28% of surgeries whereof half of them resulted in permanent sequalae or new pathology. Our findings support the use of Burosumab for treatment of the skeletal changes in XLHR as the reported side-effects in Burosumab treatment appear negligible compared to the impact of surgeries and related complications (Imel EA, Glorieux FH, Whyte MP, Munns CF, Ward LM, Nilsson O, et al. Burosumab versus conventional therapy in children with X-linked hypophosphataemia: a randomised, active-controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2019;393:2416–27). However, orthopedic surgery might still be needed for correcting deformities restricting activities of daily living in XLHR patients.
An integrated photonic device for on-chip magneto-optical memory reading
Authors: Demirer Figen Ece , Baron Yngwie , Reniers Sander , Pustakhod Dzmitry , Lavrijsen Reinoud , van der Tol Jos , Koopmans Bert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study presents the design, fabrication and experimental demonstration of a magneto-photonic device that delivers non-volatile photonic memory functionality. The aim is to overcome the energy and speed bottleneck of back-and-forth signal conversion between the electronic and optical domains when retrieving information from non-volatile memory. The device combines integrated photonic components based on the InP membrane on silicon (IMOS) platform and a non-volatile, built-in memory element (ferromagnetic thin-film multilayers) realized as a top-cladding on the photonic waveguides (a post-processing step). We present a design where the phase of the guided light is engineered via two mechanisms: the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and the propagation in an asymmetrical cross-section (triangular) waveguide. Thanks to its design, the device yields different mode-specific transmissions depending on the memory state it encodes. We demonstrate the recording of the magnetic hysteresis using the transmitted optical signal, providing direct proof for all optical magnetic memory reading using an integrated photonic chip. Using mathematical model and optical simulations, we support the experimental observations and quantitatively reproduce the Kerr signal amplitudes on-chip. A 1% transmitted power contrast from devices is promising indicating that in a shot noise limited scenario the theoretical bandwidth of memory read-out exceeds 50 Gbits/s.
Influence of DNA as additive for market pulp on tissue paper
Authors: Ferreira A. Cláudia S. , Aguado Roberto , Carta Ana M. M. S. , Bértolo Raquel , Murtinho Dina , Valente Artur J. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGiven the competitiveness in the tissue paper market, manufacturers are continuously seeking eco-friendly options to improve its properties. This work highlights the incorporation in tissue paper of fibrous formulations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), taking advantage of the extremely versatile functionality of this macromolecule, which is, besides biodegradable and obviously biobased, safe for human health. Blends of pulps and salmon DNA were characterized through thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron morphology, water absorptivity and desorption rate monitoring. It was found that water uptake increased by +43 % for a 1:9 DNA/pulp blend. Then, the presence of DNA accelerated water release. Moreover, DNA was used to produce laboratory tissue paper sheets in two ways: from said blends and by direct addition to the pulp slurry. Each method had a different effect on paper properties, the most promising result being for pre-blending, by which the tensile index increases from 7 to 9 N·m·g–1. Although it was not possible to improve every desirable property, this was not detrimental to softness or water absorptivity. In conclusion, DNA showed potential as a dry strength additive not only for tissue paper, but also for food wrapping or for any other application that could benefit from biocompatibility.
Neural mechanisms underlying state mental fatigue: a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Authors: Salihu Abubakar Tijjani , Hill Keith D. , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sustained performance of cognitive tasks could lead to the development of state mental fatigue characterized by subjective sensation of mental weariness and decrease in cognitive performance. In addition to the occupational hazards associated with mental fatigue, it can also affect physical performance reducing endurance, balance, and sport-specific technical skills. Similarly, mental fatigue is a common symptom in certain chronic health conditions such as multiple sclerosis affecting quality of life of the patients. Despite its widely acknowledged negative impact, the neural mechanisms underlining this phenomenon are still not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies investigating the effect of mental fatigue due to time-on-task (TOT) on brain activity to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Studies were included if they examined change in brain activity induced by experimental mental fatigue (TOT effect) or investigated the relationship between brain activity and subjective mental fatigue due to TOT. A total of 33 studies met the review’s inclusion criteria, 13 of which were included in meta-analyses. Results of the meta-analyses revealed a decrease in activity with TOT in brain areas that constitute the cognitive control network. Additionally, an increased activity with TOT, as well as negative relationship with subjective mental fatigue was found in parts of the default mode network of the brain. The changes in cognitive control and the default mode networks of the brain due to state mental fatigue observed in this study were discussed in relation to the existing theories of mental fatigue.
Veganismus und pflanzenorientierte Ernährung in der aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte als Themen der Religionswissenschaft
Authors: Triplett Katja 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
In der aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte treffen wir häufig die Forderung nach einer pflanzlich orientierten Ernährungsweise an. Pflanzlich orientierte Ernährungsstile sind laut aktuellen Studien ein Schlüssel zur Nachhaltigkeit, weil der Konsum von Produkten tierischen Ursprungs einer der „Big-Five“-Treiber des Klimawandels ist. Ist das Verhindern der globalen Klimakatastrophe tatsächlich das zentrale Motiv für die Entscheidung, sich vegan zu ernähren? Als Motivationen für eine pflanzenorientierte Ernährungsweise gelten häufig eher der Schutz des Tierwohls und die Gesundheit. Manchen geht es auch um eine ethisch korrekte, nach seelischer und körperlicher Reinheit strebende Lebensweise, die weit über die Frage der korrekten Ernährung hinausgeht. Der Betrachtung verschiedener Ansätze zur Erforschung von Nachhaltigkeit, Ökospiritualität und Naturreligiosität folgen Überlegungen zur religionswissenschaftlichen Erforschbarkeit nachhaltiger Ernährungsstile.
Mechanical Recycling of Metal-Bonded Multilayered Flexible Packaging
Authors: Mangal Pradyumna , Mohan Navami , Vishakh Raja P. C. , Selvan Thamizh R. , Bhowmik Shantanu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Since the introduction of multilayered flexible plastics (MLFP) in the global market, their consumption has been on a rise. Because of the use of different plastics and metals with varying properties, recycling this form of packaging is a tedious task and a huge challenge for humanity. In this work, an attempt is made to recycle this waste using the methods in mechanical recycling to make useful commodities. After the making these commodities, their mechanical properties, such as tensile and compression strength, are tested, and the results are discussed.
Cryo‐EM structures of pentameric autoinducer‐2 exporter from Escherichia coli reveal its transport mechanism
Authors: Khera Radhika , Mehdipour Ahmad R , Bolla Jani R , Kahnt Joerg , Welsch Sonja , Ermler Ulrich , Muenke Cornelia , Robinson Carol V , Hummer Gerhard , Xie Hao , Michel Hartmut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacteria utilize small extracellular molecules to communicate in order to collectively coordinate their behaviors in response to the population density. Autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2), a universal molecule for both intra‐ and inter‐species communication, is involved in the regulation of biofilm formation, virulence, motility, chemotaxis, and antibiotic resistance. While many studies have been devoted to understanding the biosynthesis and sensing of AI‐2, very little information is available on its export. The protein TqsA from Escherichia coli, which belongs to the AI‐2 exporter superfamily, has been shown to export AI‐2. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopic structures of two AI‐2 exporters (TqsA and YdiK) from E. coli at 3.35 Å and 2.80 Å resolutions, respectively. Our structures suggest that the AI‐2 exporter exists as a homo‐pentameric complex. In silico molecular docking and native mass spectrometry experiments were employed to demonstrate the interaction between AI‐2 and TqsA, and the results highlight the functional importance of two helical hairpins in substrate binding. We propose that each monomer works as an independent functional unit utilizing an elevator‐type transport mechanism.
High C-reactive protein is associated with increased risk of biochemical hypogonadism: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Osmancevic Amar , Ottarsdottir Kristin , Hellgren Margareta , Lindblad Ulf , Daka Bledar 
Published: June 2022

Context
Obesity seems to decrease levels of testosterone. It is still unknown what role inflammation plays in the secretion of testosterone in men.

Objective
The objective is to study the association between levels of C-reactive protein and testosterone and its role in predicting biochemical hypogonadism in men.

Design
This was a longitudinal observational study between 2002 and 2014 in Sweden.

Patients or other participants
At the first visit, a random population sample of 1400 men was included, and 645 men fulfilled a similar protocol at a 10-year follow-up visit. After exclusion, 625 men remained to be included in the final analyses.

Main outcome measure(s)
Serum concentrations of testosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at both visits. Bioavailable testosterone was calculated. Biochemical hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone levels <8 nmol/L.

Results
At the first visit and in the longitudinal analyses, a strong association was found between high levels of CRP and low levels of calculated bioavailable testosterone even after adjustments for age, waist–hip ratio, hypertension, smoking, type 2 diabetes, and leisuretime physical activity (B = −0.31, 95% CI −0.49 to −0.13, P = 0.001, B = −0.26, 95% CI −0.41 to −0.11, P = 0.001). Similarly, increase with one s.
d. in CRP was associated with increased risk of having hypogonadism after adjustment in the final model (odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% CI 1.12–2.78, P = 0.015, OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.16–2.78, P =0.008).

Conclusions
In this representative cohort of men in southwestern Sweden, high levels of CRP were longitudinally associated with low concentrations of calculated bioavailable testosterone and increased risk of biochemical hypogonadism.
A biomechanical analysis of differences between natural and clinical angle degrees and correlations to performance in road cycling
Authors: Büyükergün Aliye , Berisha Milaim 
Published: June 2022

Background and Study Aim. The study aims to determine differences between natural and clinical angle degrees in hips and shoulders, and determination of the correlations between angle degrees and functional threshold power (FTP) in road cycling athletes. Material and Methods. The study includes 11 male road cycling athletes aged 14-16 years old. The volunteer's body weight average was determined as 68.5±14.58, body height average was 175.4±6.98, and body mass index average 21.8±3.87. Volunteers are active athletes in “Büyükçekmece Road Cycling Team”. To measure the performance of the cyclists clinical hip angle, clinical shoulder angle, hip angle degree, shoulder angle, functional threshold power (FTP) tests were used. The Kinovea 0.8.15 program was used in the data analysis of the variables in the study. Analyzes were performed using SPSS 26 analysis program. The analyses of the Shapiro Wilks test resulted in the normal distribution of the variables included in the study. Correlations between FTP test parameters and angle degrees, the correlation of a continued variable were calculated with Pearson correlation. Results. A statistically significant correlation between functional threshold power parameters such as distance, power avarege, total energy, cadance avarege, speed avarege, functional threshold power, and hip angle degree parameter (p<0.05). Similarly, correlations between functional threshold power, parameters such as power avarege and back curve resulted to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, like an functional threshold power parameter, speed avarege resulted to be in a significant correlation with the clinical shoulders angle degree. Conclusions. Based on these results, increases in the FTP parameters may affect positively the cyclist’s performance helping to avoid undesirable hip angles, which may lead to back pain. Similarly, power average and back curve degree resulted to be in a correlation. Therefore, the back curve degree may be increased or decreased by the changes in the power average parameter. In addition, during the high intensity of training and fatigue levels increased, the clinical hip and shoulder angles were also increased.