bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of public loans in improving economic activities: Jordan as a model: دور القروض العامة في تحسين الأنشطة الاقتصادية للدولة: الأردن نموذجاً
Authors: Othman Zaal Faris Al-Maaitah Othman Zaal Faris Al-Maaitah 
Published: March 2022

The importance of the study is due to addressing an important and necessary problem that developing countries are facing, including Iraq, Syria, Libya and Jordan, in order to benefit from external and internal borrowing as an important source of transferring economic activities in the state and its sectors, and the extent of its contribution to supporting the productive sectors, and in the effectiveness of borrowing in supporting economic development What is the role of loans in various areas of economic, social and political life, and what are the reasons that motivate the state to resort to borrowing. The importance of the study is clear that internal and external public loans have an important role in achieving the financial balance of the state, in addition to that they lead to achieving financial balance After the financial deficit, that the state was suffering from, and this is in order to cover unusual public Expenditures, and public loans do not represent it is a final resource for the state treasury, but the state Must return it along with paying the annual interest resulting from the loan. From the foregoing, the study reached conclusions, the most important of which was that public loans contribute to a large extent if directed to the desired goal in reviving and revitalizing the economies of countries that suffer from the problems of poverty, unemployment and lack of funding.
Analytical Chemistry Methods of Estimating the Hydraulic Lime Characteristics of Mortars from a Spanish Colonial Period Fortification in the Philippines: Perspective of a Southeast Asian Country | Mga Pamamaraan ng Suriing Kapnayan sa Pagtantya ng Katangiang Haydroliko ng Apog sa Argamasa na Mula sa Isang Panahon ng Kastilang Kuta sa Pilipinas: Pananaw ng Isang Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya
Authors: Cayme Jan-Michael 
Published: March 2022

This study has provided an analytical chemistry method to reveal the production technologies employed in lime mortar making from a Spanish Colonial Period fortification in Bacolod, Lanao del Norte, Philippines. Analytical techniques such as Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) effectively provided general information on the chemical composition of the lime mortars and the hydraulic nature of the binder used. Mortar samples from different areas in the fort, were found to be made from a calcitic lime source possibly of marine shell origin. The hydraulic characteristic of both mortars is due to clay additives suggesting that local knowledge of this process is known during that period. The EDXRF and TGA techniques applied to the samples in this study will address the lack of systematic and detailed baseline chemical data on historical lime mortars in the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries, which is vital for future conservation work in the ASEAN region.

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay nagbigay ng isang maupanuring-kimika na pamamaraan upang maipakita ang mga teknolohiya ng paggawa sa argamasa na apog mula sa isang kuta na itinayo noong panahon ng mga Kastila sa Bacolod, Lanao del Norte, Pilipinas. Ang mga ginamit na instrument sa pananaliksik tulad ng Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) at Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ay mabisang nagbigay ng pangkalahatang impormasyon tungkol sa kemikal na komposisyon ng mga apog na argamasa at haydrolikong likas na ginamit. Ang mga argamasa na ginamit sa pagaaral na ito, na nagmula sa iba`t ibang mga parte ng kuta, ay natagpuan na ginawa mula sa isang calcitic na pinagmulan na maaring galing sa mga kabibe sa dagat. Ang haydrolikong katangian ng parehong argamasa ay dahil sa mga ihinalong luad na nagmumungkahi na ang lokal na kaalaman sa prosesong ito ay alam na ng mga gumawa nuong panahong iyon. Ang EDXRF at TGA na ginamit sa pagaaral na ito ay tutugon sa kakulangan ng sistematiko at detalyadong kemikal na datos sa mga makasaysayang apog na argamasa sa Pilipinas at iba pang mga bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya, na mahalaga para sa gawaing kinabukasan ng konserbasyon sa rehiyon ng ASEAN.
The Moral Duty in Kant´s View (Philosophical Analysis Research)
Authors: Abbas Batool Ridha , Hussin Darstan Abdulrahman 
Published: March 2022

in the old era, morality was a significant concept in the cognitive of all human beings. For this reason, that made it a debatable principle of morality philosophy. As a result of having different views different schools were appeared. Their values are not the same to differentiate between morality and immorality. This paper sheds light on the Kant´s duty-based ethics. He tried to make a principle of morality based on good duties in himself. He believes, it is impossible to think of anything at all in the world or indeed even beyond it, that could be considered good without limitation except a good will. Pleasure and pain are not two bare rational duties as long as they are related to sensation in nature and they are interrelated with individuals. For this purpose, moral rule cannot be applied to them. Rational is an action that should be away of sensation.
It is a human beings duty to do the right action with good intentions without thinking of the consequences. morality rules should be unlimited autonomy of the will is the supreme principle of morality. freedom does not mean breaking rules of law but following law. The rational people can think rationally regarding the principles of moral. Freedom is the basic of ethics that exist in human beings. The fundamental of moral principles are not extrinsic but they are intrinsic. Willingness is autonomous to act from duty is to follow the moral law.
PENGEMBANGAN KOPERASI SAMPAH UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA JELANTIK KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Saidah Humairo , Rawiana Shofia , Yuniarti Ratna , Sideman Ida Ayu Oka Suwati , Widianty Desi 
Published: March 2022

Koperasi sampah “Sapu sae” adalah usaha bersama kelompok masyarakat di Desa Jelantik untuk mengumpulkan sampah, utamanya sampah plastik, untuk mengatasi permasalahan sampah plastik sekaligus meningkatkan kesejahteraan warga. Namun koperasi ini saat ini tidak lagi beroperasi karena berbagai sebab. Kesulitan tempat untuk mengumpulkan sampah karena penolakan warga, minimnya kemampuan administrasi dan tata kelola keuangan serta tidak jelasnya kepengurusan koperasi menjadi penyebab utama koperasi ini tidak mampu bertahan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menghidupkan lagi aktivitas pengelolaan sampah desa. Kegiatan pengabdian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan solusi atas permasalahan koperasi. Dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap kegiatan, diantaranya adalah revitalisasi koperasi, pelatihan pembukuan dan keuangan sederhana bagi pengurus, pelatihan pengolahan sampah bagi anggota, pemberian bantuan sarana minimal bagi koperasi dan ditutup dengan pendampingan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini telah dilaksanakan dan mendapat sambutan hangat dari masyarakat Desa Jelantik. Koperasi sampah telah kembali dihidupkan dengan pengurus baru yang sah dan telah diberikan pelatihan pembukuan. Anggota koperasi juga diberikan pelatihan pembuatan kerajinan berbahan sampah. Kegiatan pengabdian juga memberikan bantuan sarana minimal untuk menjalankan kegiatan koperasi berupa karung pengumpul sampah, buku tabungan anggota dan paket buku administrasi koperasi. Kegiatan ini telah dievaluasi dan menunjukkan perkembangan positif dengan berjalannya kembali koperasi dan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam penanganan sampah.
PENILAIAN KINERJA PORTOFOLIO BERDASARKAN KALKULASI IMBAL HASIL DENGAN METODE TIME WEIGHTED RETURN (TWR) DAN DOLLAR WEIGHTED RETURN (DWR) PADA KELOMPOK INDEKS TEMATIK
Authors: Suryawati Baiq Nurul , Abidin Zainal , Muttaqillah Muttaqillah 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menilai kinerja portofolio dengan menggunakan dua metode, yaitu metode time weighted return dan dollar weighted return. Portofolio dibentuk pada indeks BUMN 20 yang menunjukkan indikasi dapat diperolehnya imbal hasil yang maksimum, Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membentuk portofolio berdasarkan data factsheet IDX BUMN 20, dari 10 konstituen yang masuk dalam IDX BUMN 20. Selanjutnya kalkulasi TWR dilakukan menggunakan rata-rata arithmatic dan kalkulasi DWR menggunakan formulasi XIRR pada ms. excel. Alat analisis yang digunakan untuk menguji signifikansi perbedaan kalkulasi kinerja adalah independent t-test yang dijalankan dengan menggunakan Minitab 14. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja portofolio dengan menggunakan kalkulasi TWR nampak lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kalkulasi DWR. Kalkulasi TWR mengabaikan kemungkinan penambahan dana pada investasi, berbeda dengan kalkulasi DWR yang menghitung kemungkinan adanya penambahan investasi kembali. TWR didasarkan pada asumsi buy and hold saja. Oleh karena itu, mengacu pada hasil uji tersebut dapat disarankan bahwa investasi yang sebaiknya dilakukan oleh investor adalah mengikuti mekanisme buy and hold walaupun demikian penelitian ini mengabaikan faktor lain seperti preferensi investor dalam berinvestasi, sehingga dapat menjadi pengembangan untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
Ulisses: acorrentado ou liberto? (Comentário Jurisprudência)
Authors: SODRE Habacuque WELLINGTON , Pardal RODRIGO Francisconi Costa 
Published: March 2022

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como escopo analisar as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal nos processos que envolvem a fixação do alcance das competências da União Federal no combate à Pandemia da Covid-19, especificamente, a ADI 6343 e a ADPF 672. Para isso adotou-se um método dicotômico que envolveu tanto uma análise das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal quanto uma revisão da literatura pertinente ao direito constitucional e teoria das políticas públicas. Partindo da hipótese de que a União interpretou as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal como uma espécie de restrição que a acorrentasse, entretanto ficou evidente que as decisões não estabeleciam restrições, antes propunham a construção de uma política pública integrada e articulada nos diversos âmbitos da federação, inclusive, com a participação efetiva da União Federal. Ao final da análise, foram verificadas as implicações do tema e da interpretação feita pela União Federal e seu impacto no cenário da Pandemia da Covid-19.

Palavras-Chaves: Políticas Públicas; Competências da União Federal; Covid-19; Pandemia; Supremo Tribunal Federal; Análise jurisprudencial.
Analysis Of The Influence Of Third-Party Funds (DPK), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return On Asset (ROA), Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR) And Non Performing Loan (NPL) On The Distribution Of Banking Credit
Authors: Dutahatmaja Angga 
Published: March 2022

Research Objective: the purpose of this study is to examine the dominant factors that affect the amount of bank credit. The selection of these factors is based on the results of previous research studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of third party funds (DPK), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), return on assets (ROA), non-performing loans (NPL) and loan to deposit ratio (LDR) on bank lending partially.
Research Method: this research method uses quantitative research methods. The number of samples in this study were three state-owned banks registered with the OJK, namely Bank BRI, Bank BNI and Bank Mandiri for the period 2018-2020 (quarterly data). The data analysis methods used are classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis and t test with SPSS 26 program.
Research Result: the results of this study that the variables of Third Party Funds and Loan toDeposit Ratio variables have a positive and significant effect on lending while the variables ofCapital Adequacy Ratio, Return to Assets and Non Performing Loans have no effect on lending.

Keywords: third party funds, capital adequacy ratio, return on assets, non-performing loans, loan to deposit ratio, lending
VILLAGE FUND MANAGEMENT FOR COVID-19 HANDLING (Study in Kopek Village, Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province)
Authors: ‏‏‎  ‏‏‎  ‏‏‎ ‏‏‎ SUPARWAN 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the practice of managing Village Funds in handling the COVID-19 pandemic based on applicable regulations. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. This research was conducted in Kopek Village, Godong District, Grobogan Regency. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that the management of village funds in handling COVID-19 is in accordance with applicable regulations. The procedure for allocating priorities for the use of Village Funds has been carried out in the Village planning and budgeting process. Changes in activities in handling COVID-19 were carried out through Village Deliberations which were followed by Changes in the Village Budget by refocusing activities and budgets to support the implementation of the Implementation of Restrictions on Micro-Based Community Activities and the Implementation of COVID-19 Handling Posts at the Village level as well as Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) and Cash Intensive Work (PKT).

Keywords: Village Fund management, Handling COVID-19
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST RATE INFLUENCE ON MONETARY POLICY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Purwanto Fajar 
Published: March 2022

The monetary policy of a country is influenced by the economic policies of other countries. therefore many factors influence monetary policy in a country. one factor is the value of interest rates in the country. Interest rates also affect the inflation that will occur. This certainly affects the state of the country's economy, especially Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of interest rate factors on monetary policy in Indonesia. The method used in this research is to conduct a meta-analysis of three journals regarding monetary policy in Indonesia. From the analysis, it is found that the interest rate has an effect on inflation and will affect monetary policy in Indonesia. In the formation of bank interest rates, the element of inflation expectations is still considered small. Meanwhile, other factors are still bigger, such as: condition of banking liquidity, less efficient banking management, bank segmentation. The use of interest rates as an indicator of inflation expectations is in line with the need for an instrument that can effectively explain the phenomenon of inflationary movements as the ultimate target for monetary policy.
Keywords: interest rate, inflation, monetary policy
The Effect of Orally -Administered Calcium Carbonate to Pregnant Women with Mild Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Sagban Sura , N. Al-Shawi Nada , Mohammad Alia , Talib Ashwak , Hasson Utoor 
Published: March 2022

Pre-eclampsia is the most common medical complication of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Its exact etiology is not known, although several evidences indicate that various elements might play an important role in pre-eclampsia. This study was carried out to analyze and to compare the concentration of calcium, in mild pre-eclampsia and in normal pregnant women , and to determine the effect of oral supplementation with calcium on mild pre-eclampsia , and whether this effect is related to the change in the level of serum calcium. Forty- five women in the third trimester of pregnancy were selected to participate in this study and divided into: fifteen apparently healthy, normotensive pregnant women served as a control group; thirty clinically diagnosed patients with mild pre-eclampsia ( 15 mild pre-eclamptic un-treated group , 15 mild pre-eclamptic treated with calcium carbonate 500 mg twice daily) , the serum calcium were estimated with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer .the data were analyzed using the un- paired Studentâ€™s-test.The serum calcium in mild pre-eclmpatic un-treated group was significantly lower than that in normal pregnant women (8.84 Â± 1.14 Vs. 9.66 Â± 0.87 , p<0.05) , Serum calcium level significantly increased in mild pre-eclamptic treated with calcium carbonate 500mg twice daily as compared to mild pre-eclamptic un-treated group (9.76 Â±0.96 Vs 8.84Â±1.14 ,p<0.05) . Systolic ,diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly reduced after one month of treatment with calcium carbonate 500 mg twice daily as compared to mild pre-eclamptic un â€“treated group.(134.83 Â± 7.5 Vs139.33 Â± 5.30, 88.46 Â± 3.27 Vs 91 Â± 3.38, 103.90 Â± 3.8Vs106.66 Â± 3.08 ,p<0.05) respectively.This study showed that serum calcium level in mild pre-eclampsia are lower than in normotensive pregnant women ,this finding support the hypothesis that hypocalcemia is a possible etiology in pre-eclampsia ; additionally this study showed the possible beneficial effect of calcium supplementation in controlling pre-eclampsia and reducing blood pressure by increasing serum calcium level .
Key words: Mild Pre-eclampsia, Calcium carbonate tablet, Pregnant women, Serum calcium
A PERSPECTIVA CTS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Antunes Mendes Alex , Gonçalves Müller Maykon , Reyes Marques Nelson Luiz 
Published: March 2022

O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar o que os principais periódicos nacionais da área de Ensino de Ciências publicaram, nos últimos vinte anos, sobre a perspectiva Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Para isso, empregou-se as orientações metodológicas para uma Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). As publicações apontam que, de maneira geral, mesmo ainda muito atrelado ao slogan de Alfabetização científica ou como oposição ao Ensino Tradicional, discussões sobre a perspectiva contribuem para a construção de uma concepção contemporânea em CTS, favorecendo, dentro da comunidade escolar, a criatividade, a criticidade e a liberdade no debate de questões sócio científicas. Este trabalho contribui para o debate acerca da perspectiva CTS na formação inicial e continuada de professores, bem como sobre a necessidade de uma reelaboração crítica dos materiais de apoio, a fim de fornecer subsídios teóricos e práticos para o desenvolvimento de estratégias no contexto escolar.
O PAPEL DOS ESTÁGIOS SUPERVISIONADOS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOS LICENCIANDOS EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DA UFPE PARA A PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: França de Barros Gleize Cristina , Barros Marcos Alexandre de Melo 
Published: March 2022

: O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o papel dos estágios supervisionados na formação inicial dos licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas da UFPE para a prática docente. A pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratória. Participaram da pesquisa 18 licenciandos que estavam no último período do curso. Foi aplicado um questionário no final da última disciplina de Estágio em Ensino de Biologia 4 (EEB4). Concluímos que, dos 18 participantes, 14 não se sentem preparados para assumirem uma sala de aula, e observamos que vários fatores contribuem para esse cenário, diretamente ligados ao processo formativo inicial desses licenciandos, tais como: a falta de integração das disciplinas pedagógicas com os estágios; a predominância do modelo tradicional de ensino na universidade; a organicidade das disciplinas Estágio, que não favorece uma maior imersão nos campos de estágios, e a falta de acompanhamento por parte dos professores. Desse modo, verificamos a importância de se repensar o currículo de formação no que se refere às disciplinas de estágio, sua estruturação e condução durante a formação inicial, que se apresenta como sendo de fundamental relevância para atuação dos licenciandos enquanto docentes.
Pengaruh CAR Dan NPF Terhadap Roe Bank Umum Syariah (BUS)
Authors: Lukman Ikmal , Rahma Madjidainun 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), dan Non Performing Financing (NPF) terhadap Return On Equity (ROE) pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 6 Bank Umum Syariah. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder periode 2015-2019 yang diperoleh melalui website bank umum syariah dan website Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel CAR tidak berpengaruh terhadap ROE dan variabel NPF berpengaruh terhadap ROE.
Kata kunci: CAR, NPF, ROE
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Non Performing Financing (NPF) on Return On Equity (ROE) in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The population in this study were all Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The sample selection used purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 6 Islamic Commercial Banks. The data used is secondary data for the 2015-2019 period obtained through the website of Islamic commercial banks and the website of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the t test show that the CAR variable has no effect on ROE and the NPF variable has no effect on ROE.
Keywords: CAR, NPF, ROE
Don Lindberg’s home library and leadership traits
Authors: Logan Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

This chapter introduces the importance and some of the multidisciplinary diversity in Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D.’s home library. The latter collection minimally suggests his varied interests, which often inspired a multidisciplinary approach to tackling problems and managing the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). Dr. Lindberg converted the ideas he picked up from reading into administering projects as well as to set aspirational goals for NLM and for himself. The chapter suggests Dr. Lindberg’s home library was an enduring reservoir of knowledge, judgment, planning, and creativity. The chapter also discusses two of Dr. Lindberg’s leadership traits: the cultivation of discovery and project development in educational administration and the need for leaders to determine and act in the greater public interest. The chapter suggests the latter two traits defined Dr. Lindberg’s NLM leadership.
To Study Lipid Profile Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Sharma Brij Lal 
Published: March 2022

Background: To study lipid profile in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 COPD patients and including 50 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.
Results: The lipid profile in COPD patients showed significantly higher serum levels of TC, TG, LDL as compare to controls and serum concentrations of HDL were also decreased significantly compared to controls.
ConclusionL: COPD patients showed significantly higher serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and serum concentrations of HDL were also decreased significantly compared to controls.
Keywords: Lipid profile, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, patients.