bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new microsporangiate fructification from the Triassic of Nidpur, India
Authors: Srivastava S.C. 
Published: September 2022

A carbonized spore-bearing fructification under Bosea indica gen. et sp. nov. has been described here from Nidpur beds. It consists of an axis with microsporophylls arranged in opposite or sub-opposite order. The microsporophyll is flattened and elongated, along the margin of which sporangia are borne pendant on its under surface. Each sporangium contains Weylandites-type of spore.
Bosea indica, in its sporophyll cuticle, resembles Lepidopteris indica Bose & Srivastava. In its spore-type, it is distinct from all the so far known pteridosperrnic fructifications.
Studies in the Glossopteris flora of India - 42. Barakar plant megafossils and miospores from Auranga coalfield, Bihar
Authors: Srivastava A.K. 
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the morphological details of eleven species of Glossopteris, viz., G. indica, G. barakarensis, G. leptoneura, G. juchsii, G. conspicua, G. sp. cf G. ampla, G. pandurata, G. sp. cf G. intermittens, G. churiensis sp. nov., G. communis, G. browniana and Vertebraria indica.
The mioflora (31 genera and 53 species) is dominated by striate disaccate pollen grains and trilete spores. A new non striate disaccate genus Aurangapollenites is instituted for the grains having pitcher shaped saccus arrangement.
Associations of mio and megafloras in the roof shales of some Barakar coal seams, South Karanpura coalfield, Bihar
Authors: Lele K.M. , Chandra Shaila 
Published: September 2022

Miofloral assemblages recovered from the roof shales of the Argada Seam, Lower Nakari Seam, Upper Nakari Seam and Kurse Seam are recorded under 40 spore-pollen genera and 51 species. Scheuringipollenites, Striatopiceites and Strotersporites are characteristically dominant.
By comparison with the Barakar palynozones of the type area, the Argada mioflora approaches the ‘Nonstriate-disaccate zone’ characterized by Scheuringipollenites. The younger roof shales of the Nakari-Kurse Group have miofloras referable to the “Striate-disaccate zone” characterized by Striatopiceites and Strotersporites. The 4 roof shale miofloras seem to fall within the Middle to Upper Barakar interval which is in agreement with their geological position. Certain peculiarities between the shale and coal miofloras are given in view of their probable bearing on facies differences.
The South Karanpura material provides an interesting situation where mio- and megafloral counterparts are found in fair abundance. Both evidences support the distinction of the Argada roof shale from the younger shales of the Nakari Kurse Group. However, within the latter group, the megafloral composition of individual roof shales is apparently more critical than that of the miofloras. A wide study of mio- and megafloral associations and the factors fafluencing their distribution is needed to resolve these problems.
The age of the Tiki formation: with remarks on the miofloral succession in the Triassic Gondwanas of India
Authors: Maheshwari H.K , Kumaran K.P. Navaneetha , Bose M.N. 
Published: September 2022

The age of the Tiki Formation in the South Rewa Gondwana Basin has been discussed. Available data on the vertebrate fauna, megaflora and palynoflora of the Tiki Formation have been evaluated. It is concluded that the Tiki Formation sensu lato (i.e. including the Nidhpuri beds) ranges in age from Anisian through Norian and possibly extends into the Rhaetian.
On the basis of available palynological data an attempt has been made to establish the miofloral succession in the Triassic Gondwanas of India. Presently nine successive palynological zones have been recognized. However, possibility of existence of some more palynological zones is also not ruled out.
Palynological fossils from the Oligocene sediments and their Biostratigraphy in the District of Kutch, Western India
Authors: Kar R.K. 
Published: September 2022

Palynological microfossils obtained from the Barkhana nala cutting; cart-track junction of the villages Goela-Walasar and Fulai-Ramania and the exposure in the nala near the villages Ber-Mota and Maniyara Fort have been described. They consist of pteridophytic spores, gymnospermous and angiospermous pollen, fungal elements and microplanktons. The microfossils have been described under 39 genera and 33 identifiable species. Amongst them, 12 genera and 11 species belong to pteridophytic group, 1 genus and 1 species to gymnosperms and 12 genera and 9 species to angiospermic pollen grains. Besides, 7 genera and 6 species belong to fungi and 7 genera and 6 species to microplanktons.
The section from the Barkhana nala cutting yielded all types of microfossils whereas from the section near the cart-track junction mostly microplanktons could be recovered. The exposure near the Ber-Mota Village is very poor in spore-pollen and only a few fungal spores and microplanktons could be recovered. Three palynological zones have been proposed and a percentage chart has been given for the important palynological taxa. The palynological assemblages have also been compared with the Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene biostratigraphic assemblages of Kutch, Assam and South India.
Palynology of the Matanomadh Formation in type area, North Western Kutch, India (Part-3) - Discussion
Authors: Saxena R.K. 
Published: September 2022

The analysis and interpretation of the palynofloral assemblage from the Matanomadh Formation have been discussed. The assemblage consists of 65 genera and 113 species. Of these, 10 genera and 13 species are of algal remains, 10 genera and 14 species of fungal remains, 14 genera and 27 species of pteridophytic spores, 3 genera and 3 species of gymnospermous pollen grains and 28 genera and 56 species of angiospermous pollen grains. Among the angiosperms, 6 genera and 16 species belong to monocotyledonous pollen while 22 genera and 40 species are of dicotyledonous pollen.
A comparison of the Matanomadh assemblage with the known Palaeocene-Lower Eocene assemblages from the various sedimentary basins in the Indian subcontinent has been made and it is deduced that the Matanomadh Formation is contemporaneous to the Cherra Formation of Shillong Plateau, Tura Formation of Garo Hills and Dandot lignite of Pakistan and is Palaeocene in age. The evidences derived from the order of superposition and palaeontology also support the Palaeocene dating of this formation.
On the basis of palynomorphs representation, the palaeoclimate during the deposition of the Matanomadh Formation has been deduced as tropical-subtropical. The environment of deposition for this formation is interpreted as ranging from fluviatile to estuarine.
Palaeoenvironments during holocene time in Bengal basin, India as reflected by palynostratigraphy
Authors: Gupta H.P. 
Published: September 2022

This study incorporates the results of pollen analyses of one profile each from Kolara, Barrackpore, Namkhana and Chaltiya in the Bengal Basin. The pollen diagrams have been translated in terms of past vegetation and on the basis of changes in the plant communities, the biostratigraphical zonation could be possible. The palaeo-temperatures, subsidence and/or submergence of forest between 7,000-5,000 years B.P. have been concluded.
Radiocarbon dating has revealed that the process of peatification in the basin took place between 5,000-2,000 years B.P. The lithostratigraphic evidences have further revealed that the maximum peatification took place in the west and east of Calcutta. The peat beds had begun to reduce towards north and south of Calcutta and ultimately disappeared in the extreme north and south, indicating the environs being not conducive for peatification.
Wood structures preserved in high rank bituminous and semi-anthracitic coal, Central Queensland
Authors: Beeston J.W. 
Published: September 2022

Araucarian wood structures are readily observable in vitrinites of low rank coals in the Permian Rangal Coal Measures, Central Queensland, but in the higher rank coals of the same measures, the vitrinites are typically homogeneous in texture. However, wood structures are apparent in fusinites, and are herein recorded within syngenetic siderite nodular growths associated with the high-rank coals. Petrified wood remains are also preserved within tuff material associated with the coal seams.
The recognition of similar wood structures within the various ranks of coal allows the conclusion that a similar flora was dominant in all coals within the Rangal Coal Measures, and that gross differences in coal properties must be attributed to variations in peat accumulation and coalification.
Amphorispermum an enigmatic assemblage
Authors: Harris Tom M. 
Published: September 2022

A specimen showing packets of the small Caytonia-like seed Amphorispermum is described from the middle Jurassic of Yorkshire, England. Amphorispermum seeds had previously been found in large numbers but in isolation. Although some of the packets consist of about ten seeds with their flat sides in contact no tissue connecting them is preserved but the possibility that the assemblage represents a decayed fructification is suggested.
Possible leaves of the plant are considered but though Ctenis is mentioned the evidence to connect them is inadequate.
The fossil floras of Kachchh. 1 - Mesozoic megafossils
Authors: Bose M.N. , Banerji Jayasri 
Published: September 2022

Mesozoic plant remains from Kachchh form the subject matter of this paper. Out of the 44 genera described, three are new. The new genera are- Trambaua, Lorumformophyllum and Kachchhia. The former two are based on detached leaves, whereas Kachchhia is a male fertile organ related to the so-called Mesozoic Pteridosperms. Besides, some of the genera which have been recorded for the first time from Kachchh are Thallites, Hepaticites, Hausmannia, Dictyophyllum, Coniopteris, Caytonia, Linguifolium, Ctenozamites, Pseudoctenis, Anomozamites, Nilssoniopteris, Dictyozamites, Bennetticarpus and Allocladus. Thus in all more than 80 species have been described.
On the basis of megafossil assemblage it has been suggested that the Mesozoic plant bearing beds in Kachchh may range in age from Middle to Upper Jurassic.
The facts and fictions of the Gondana Concept
Authors: Ahmad F. 
Published: September 2022

Wegner did not envisage that Gondwanaland was an independent continent. This concept was introduced earlier but concretised by Du Toit. His Permian ice-cap covered almost the entire supercontinent. Ahmad, however, pointed out that the ice-cap at no stage was exceptionally large. Du Toit was not aware of the glacial deposits in Arabia or Tibet, and his ice-cap would have to be enlarged considerably if it was to form deposits in these areas, particularly the latter as well. All evidence goes to suggest that Tibet was not separated from India in the Permo-Triassic and the suture zone concept is not valid. These Tibetan glacial deposits carry Glossopteris flora and Stepanoviella and Eurydesma fauna as typical Gondwana forms. The deposits reach upto Kun Lun mountains.
The Himalayan region was separated from the peninsular basin and was part of the southern margin of an epicontinental Tethys. The ice-cap did not reach this area. However, Himalayan diamictites, as also those of Tibetan should be older than the peninsular and a Carboniferous age assigned to them by Chinese geologists may be valid.
The Gondwana concept envisaged glacial deposits overlain by freshwater sediments. This seemed to apply to peninsular India. Western Australia, South Africa, etc. But of late marine incursions have been reported from India and South Africa leaving, perhaps, only Antarctica where it could truly be applied today. The ice-cap covered peninsular India and peneplained it so that after it receded, the area was significantly down warped and this resulted in marine incursions. Umaria’s access to the sea was obviously to the southeast underneath the ice-cap and hence it could not carry fauna older than that of Manendragarh, Rajhara, too was perhaps an extension of this sea, although it could have been independent.
Dinocyst biostratigraphy of Cenomanian-Coniacian' formations of the western Gulf Coastal Plain, southern United States
Authors: Srivastava Satish K. 
Published: September 2022

This palynological investigation of Cenomanian-Coniacian formations of Texas, U.S.A., consists of an examination of 63 outcrop samples from 9 stratigraphic sections exposed in 7 Countries in a north-south trend from about Dallas to Del Rio. The Grayson Formation, the Eagle Ford Formation, the lower Austin Chalk, and their southern equivalents were examined for palynological data. Most of the samples are rich in dinocyst assemblages. Seventy-eight dinocysts species of 47 genera, 3 acritarch species of three genera, and 28 spore-pollen species of 20 genera are recognized and their stratigraphic distribution documented. Systematic descriptions and illustrations of all dinocyst and acritarch taxa are given. Spore-pollen taxa have rare occurrences in all the studied sections and are thus only listed and illustrated.
The stratigraphic distribution of dinocyst taxa indicates that Cyclonephelium eisenackii and Ovoidinium verrucosum terminate at the end of the Cenomanian and Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum at the end of the Turonian. Dinogymnium acuminatum and Chatangiella victoriensis appear in the Coniacian.
Metaphyte and Metazoan fossils from Precambrian sediments of India: a critique
Authors: Sharma Mukund , Shukla Manoj , Venkatachala B.S. 
Published: September 2022

Evidences of multicellular life from the Indian Precambrian sediments have been reviewed. Their nature, morphology, biogenecity and syngenecity are evaluated in the light of associated evidences. The published records have been grouped under 13 categories, viz., Archaeocyatha, Chuaria·Tawuia group, frordoid forms, Hyolithoides, Longfengshania, medusoids, metaphytic algae, Sekwia excentrica, shelly forms, spiral forms, trace fossils, trilobitoid and eurypteroid and enigmatic group. Contrary to the world-wide records of multicellular organisms only at the Terminal-Precambrian (≈600 Ma), some of the Indian reports are 1,000-2,500 Ma old. This older antiquity needs proper explanation. In the present review after reassessment, all the records have been classed as true fossil, non-fossil and dubiofossil. In few cases, it has not been possible to comment upon the structure reported due to non-availability of specimen and poor photographic reproduction in print, such records have been grouped separately without any comments.
In several cases synaeresis and mud cracks have been described as trace fossils. Sedimentary structures have also been described as Sekwia, Longfengshania, Cyclomedusa, Archaeocyatha, Dasycladaceae algae, Epiphyton, lamellibranchs and such other forms Some records though of undoubted biogenic nature, viz., Katnia singhi and Vindhyavasinia misrai and Ajaicicyatha (from Krol sediments) need reassessment concerning their taxonomic affinity.
The oldest authentic biogenic structures in this review are considered to be about 1,000 Ma old. These records of metaphytes and metazoans-Ramapuraea vindhyanensis, vendotaenid forms, trace fossils, megascopic spiral algal forms and Chuaria·Tawuia assemblage, are mostly from the base of Kaimur and top of Semri groups. Trace fossils from Bhander Limestone of Vindhyan Supergroup; a metaphytic alga Renalcis from the Calc-Zone of Pithoragarh, and frondoid forms, trace fossils as well as small shelly fauna from the Krol-Tal sequence belonging to younger sediments of probable Vendian-Tommotion age are authentic records.
The multicellular plants and animals undoubtedly proliferated during the Vendian, but there are a few authentic exceptional records of multicellular life prior to 600 Ma from India. Similar earlier records are also known from China and Canada. These records are important in understanding the antiquity of multicellular life.
Changing patterns of vegetation through Siwalik succession
Authors: Awasthi N. 
Published: September 2022

The palaeobotanical record from the Neogene of Himalaya has been examined and an attempt has been made to reconstruct the vegetation patterns and throw light on palaeoclimate of the region during Siwalik time. Though the flora of the Pre-Siwalik Neogene from which the Siwalik flora evolved is poorly documented, a few palynofossils from the Kasauli and Dagshai formations indicate the existence of subtropical to temperate vegetation in the Upper reaches of the newly built Himalaya. On the contrary, a fairly rich assemblage of megafossils from the Siwalik indicates widespread tropical evergreen to moist deciduous mixed forest in the lowland sub-Himalayan zone during Middle Miocene-Pliocene The assemblage is dominated by wet evergreen dipterocarps and associated taxa, most of which are known to have entered the Indian subcontinent from southeast Asia during Miocene and subsequently spread all over and finally reached the lower slopes of sub-Himalaya. This has resulted increase in the diversity of tropical vegetation.
The post-Pliocene orogeny of Himalaya brought great changes in the topography and climate which adversely affected the vegetation patterns of the region. The Early and Middle Siwalik tropical evergreen forest whose chief component are Anisoptera, Dipterocarpus, Hopea, Shorea (other than Shorea robusta), Polyalthia, Calophyllum, Aphanamixis, Dysoxylum, Gluta, Dracontomelum, Mangifera, Swintonia, Cynometra, Koompassia, Ormosia, Pongamia, Sindora, Duabanga, Diospyros spp., Myristica, etc. started dwindling towards the end of Middle Siwalik and subsequently disappeared from western and central sectors, though a few taxa like Mangifera, Litsea, Cinnamomum, Bauhinia, Dalbergia, Ficus, etc. continued to adjust to the new climatic conditions. Extinction of tropical evergreen taxa and further rise of Himalaya gave way to proliferation and diversification of tropical and subtropical moist deciduous to dry deciduous temperate vegetation in the lower and higher slopes respectively, as is also evidenced from the palynological record.
Triassic plants and Pangea
Authors: Dobruskina Ilyina 
Published: September 2022

Comparison between conclusions of Palaeobotany and plate tectonics covering the position of Mesozoic continents shows some disagreements. Existing palaeomagnetic reconstructions differ from one another as well as from the picture received on the basis of Palaeobotany. Various palaeomagnetic reconstructions for the Permian and Triassic differ from one another in showing less or more compact Pangea, different width of Tethys Ocean and in the form of relative position of Cathaysia. There are also contradiction between palaeomagnetic reconstructions and palaeontological data.
Palaeobotanical investigations show that in the end of Palaeozoic there were four first order phytochoria in Eurasia with very different composition of floras which suggest high isolation of these phytochoria. In the beginning of Triassic former isolation of floras of different areas disappeared. The floras of Europe, China and Indochina and also North America became quite similar. At this time a new united Laurasian Kingdom had originated.
Distribution of plants in the Mesozoic Era suggests the existence of united continent- Laurasia. The separation of North America from Laurasia took place after Triassic. Nevertheless, united Eurasia existed from the Triassic till now.
Palaeomagnetic reconstructions for the Mesozoic do not reflect changes in the distribution of plants and animals as we see from Triassic. From this point of view all reconstructions showing isolated plates (similar to Paleozoic ones) in the Mesozoic, instead of united Eurasia and the reconstructions showing isolation of Cathaysia from other Eurasia are doubtful. Similarly, the gradual union of isolated plates to united Eurasia during Mesozoic and Cenozoic also seems doubtful.
Post-Cretaceous record of larger foraminifera from the Shillong Plateau, India: an evidence of environmental recovery during Early Cenozoic
Authors: Jauhri A.K. 
Published: September 2022

The Late and post-Cretaceous succession of larger benthic foraminifera and planktic microfossils from the Shillong Plateau indicates events of extinction and recovery of the biotic forms. These events are interpreted using a conceptual framework involving biological responses to environmental changes caused by eustatic and climatic variations. Stratigraphic distribution shows that the Late Maastrichtian larger benthic foraminiferal assemblage disappears earlier than the planktic microfossils at the boundary interval. After their last occurrence in the Upper Maastrichtian, the larger foraminifera reappears in the carbonates of the Lakadong Formation dated by Glomalveolina primaeva as the Thanetian (P4).
The event of the first appearance of larger foraminifera in the Shillong Plateau correlates with zone P4. When compared with other Tethyan sections (e.g., Mediterranean) where they start occurring in the strata equivalent to zone P3b, the event of their reappearance appears to be slightly delayed in the studied section. The P3b zone is the interval marked by the onsetting of habitable conditions on shelves (oligotrophic environments) and is followed by an interval (the equivalent of the P4 zone) of extensive carbonate generation, during which highly diversified larger foraminiferal assemblages evolve and become widely distributed. The Shillong assemblage, therefore, marks the phase of "expanded oligotrophy" in which recovery of carbonate platform environments occurred on a large scale on shallow neritic shelves.
Dinoflagellate cyst evidence for the age of Kulakkalnattam Sandstone Member, Garudamangalam Formation, Cauvery Basin, Southern India
Authors: Khowaja-Ateequzzaman  , Garg Rahul 
Published: September 2022

Rich and diversified dinoflagellate cyst assemblages comprising 42 genera and 68 species have been recovered from the Kulakkalnattam Sandstone Member of the Garudamangalam Formation exposed in and around Ariyalur, Cauvery Basin, and southern India. First and last appearances of dinoflagellate cyst taxa present in the assemblage, including Callaiosphaeridium asymmetricum, Circulodiniumm distinctum,Cribroperidinium aceras, C. edwardsii, C. cooksoniae, Conosphaeridium striatoconus, Cyclonephelium compactum, Florentinia cooksoniae, F. mantellii, Heterosphaeridium difficile, Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum and Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum, suggest that the age of the member ranges from Middle to Late Turonian.