bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Engine for Real-Time ESP Failure Detection and Diagnostics
Authors: Lastra Rafael Adolfo , Xiao Jinjiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFailures of electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are common occurrences in the oil industry, resulting in production disruption that amounts to thousands and in some cases millions of barrels of lost or deferred oil production annually. Timely detection of ESP developing problems will enhance the capability to timely and proactively attend and fix operational ESP issues that may cause ESP shutdowns. Early warning automated surveillance systems will significantly minimize production losses associated with ESP downtime.Traditional ESP surveillance systems provide alarms when ESP performance signals drift out of a preset range (i.e., low pressure, high current, high temperature); however, finding the root cause of the problem requires time, engineering expertise and sometimes the use of specialized tools to properly diagnose the underlying abnormal condition. After years of experience, highly trained ESP surveillance engineers are able to diagnose ESP problems by cross-referencing performance signals and finding patterns like slope increase, signal stability, unexpected step changes, etc. Pattern recognition is one of the most common applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms, which can be naturally trained to automatically detect patterns and irregularities in ESP data.This paper presents an account of the development and testing of an ESP surveillance system based on AI with the ability to automatically detect and correctly diagnose ESP problems in the early stages of development.
Long Encapsulated MLE Tube for Dual ESP
Authors: Bashmal Omar Mohammed , Mahmoud Akram Mohammed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Increase the Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) run life is the main goal of any operator company specially in offshore fields where the expense of ESP replacement, including workover costs and deferred production are high. Early ESP failure in harsh fields has led to look for reliable system in each of ESP parts including the Motor Lead Extension (MLE).
Encapsulated MLE has been developed in the last 3 years and has proven to extend the run life over the stander MLE. The successful results had led the operators to ask to develop the encapsulated MLE to be deployed in Dual ESP completion. The lower ESP in Dual completion requires a total of 350-400 ft of encapsulated MLE where the existing one is only 185 ft from the Motor to the packer.
Increasing the length to double comes with many of engineering constrains and other factors in manufacturing process and handling for such a long metal tubes which require a lot of research and development.
Eventually, all those challenges have been resolved and overcome and product is ready for installation very soon.
Also, installation procedure has been developed to insure safe handling and address all the risks. utilizing the encapsulated MLE in dual ESP completion in both upper and Lowe system will result in substantial cost saving and double the benefit from the dual ESP system specially in harsh offshore wells.
This paper demonstrates in detail the development of the MLE, seal and motor in different phases to improve the sealing design. In addition to the manufacturing process and testing before release the product to field along with the installation, and handling procedure in a dual ESP system.
Physical Testing of a High-Speed Helico-Axial Pump for High-GVF Operation
Authors: Ejim Chidirim Enoch , Xiao Jinjiang , Lee Woon Yung , Zabala Wilson Andres 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-speed rotordynamic pump operation for downhole or surface production is required and also beneficial to handle very high gas volume fraction (GVF) flows. Operating speeds of these pumps can be in excess of twice those of conventional pumps. This study presents results of a high-speed helico-axial pump (HAP) operating satisfactorily at intake GVFs up to 97%. The findings increase capabilities of field engineers and operators to boost and maximize production from high gas-content wells.
The HAP tested had a housing outer diameter of 4.00-inch and operated at a rotational speed of 6000 revolutions per minutes (RPM). Air and water were the test fluids with the water volume flow rate held constant at 63 and 143 barrels per day (BPD), while the air volume flow rate at pump intake was varied from 550 to 3480 BPD, respectively. Intake pressures varied from 14 to 76 psig, with average temperature through the HAP of 20°C. The corresponding discharge pressures and pressure boosts were recorded for each test point of observed stable pump operation.
The results showed that the HAP had stable operation during the tests for intake GVF range from 85% to 97%. Pump discharge pressures for this range of high intake GVF varied from 21 to 89 psig. The corresponding boost pressures across the HAP all had positive magnitudes indicating that at such high- speeds, the HAP was still able to add energy to the fluid even with the high gas content at intake. Analysis at fixed intake pressure with varying GVFs showed that the pressure boost decreased with increasing intake GVF. For instance, at 33 psig intake pressure, an 11% increase in intake GVF from 85% to about 95%, decreased the HAP pressure boost by about 21%. In conclusion, running a HAP at high speeds with suitable component features can result in stable pump operation and enhanced pressure boosting in high- GVF flows. The findings from this test indicates the HAP potentially has a wide operating envelope and can be optimized and scaled up to meet field production requirements.
This study mainly highlights the importance of operating HAPs at high speeds of up to 6000 RPM. The wider operating envelope of the HAP provides a potential application to handle more gas in the field. This architecture opens up opportunities for field operators, and engineering personnel to maximize hydrocarbon production from their very high-gas content field assets, thereby increasing the economic bottom-line for the stakeholders.
Success Story of Retrieval and Reinstallation of the First New Technology Rigless Cable Deployed ESP System
Authors: Winarno Mulad B , Eissa Mohammad A , Mutairi Khaled M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The technologies for rigless electric submersible pump (ESP) deployment were introduced in the oil industry to reduce expenditure during ESP replacement. Most of the technology is used to avoid rig utilization, which will reduce significant cost and safety risk during operations. At the same time, production restoration will be faster since some wellsite job preparation, such as for flowline strip-out and re-manifold, can be eliminated.
The new cable rigless deployed ESP system was successfully deployed and put on stream for the first time worldwide. The system has a unique concept and components, which consist of a specially designed cable hanger and coiled tubing. The cable hanger design offers cable isolation while providing a nonrestricted flow through the flow path built into the body of spool. The coiled tubing was manufactured to have resistance to H2S and CO2 as well as for isolating the cable from any corrosive fluid from the well.
Part of the technology assessment was to ensure the system should be able to retrieve and redeploy riglessly. A rigless job successfully retrieved and reinstalled the ESP after the pump had been on operation for more than 2 years. The most challenging operation is the killing procedure since the operation deals with high fluid losses while the gas from the well can be released at any time. Job preparation is key for success during retrieval activities, which involve a special study to find the proper kill fluid selection to control the well during activities. The kill fluid should be able to pump through the ESP, which is nondamaging for the formation and provides adequate weight to control the pressure and fluid losses.
This paper will share the experience from concept, design, field implementation planning and technical challenges, and lessons learned during preparation and installation.
An Improved Harris Hawks Optimizer Combining Novel Nonlinear Convergence Factor and Mutation Strategy for Global Optimization
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhou Xuhu , Li Shigang , Song Yan , Wang Yagang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO) is a novel meta-heuristic algorithm that simulates the cooperative hunting behavior of the Harris hawks. Behind the good performance of HHO, there are still problems of poor solution accuracy and unavoidable local optimization. A new variant of HHO called NMHHO is proposed by introducing improved nonlinear escaping energy (E) and jump strength (J) in the original optimizer, and incorporating the mutation strategy of Difffferential Evolution algorithm (DE) for solving the global optimization. The improvement of nonlinear parameters improves the diversity of populations and ameliorates the imbalance between global exploration and local exploitation. The mutation strategy makes full use of population distribution information, and is very effffective for algorithm to jumping out of local optima. To verify the optimized performance of NMHHO, scalability analysis with difffferent dimensions and comparison with other swarm intelligence algorithms are performed on 23 classical benchmark functions derived from the original HHO. In addition, the actual optimization performance of the algorithm is evaluated on three practical engineering problems. Experimental results indicate that the improved NMHHO algorithm shows strong competitiveness, excellent optimization ability and robustness.
A Comparative Study of CTG Monitoring One Hour before Labor in Infants Born with and without Asphyxia
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Tala Nabipour , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Abbasalizadeh Shamsi , mousavi sanaz , Amiri Paria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and Aim: Asphyxia is a condition arising when the infant is deprived of oxygen, causing Fetal brain damage or death, which is associated with hypoxia and hypercapnia. Although fetal CTG can show the fetal health status during labor, some studies have reported cases of fetal asphyxia despite reassuring CTGs. This study hence aimed to compare FHR Monitoring and uterine contractions in the last hour before delivered between two groups of infants born with and without asphyxia.
Methodology: The study was conducted on 70 pregnant women who delivered Taleghani and Al-Zahra academic teaching hospitals of Tabriz for labor in 2020-2021.
Results: The study data showed no significant difference between mothers of infants with and without asphyxia in terms of demographics (p>0.05). The prevalence of asphyxia was significantly higher only in mothers with the gravidity of 3 and 4 (p=0.003). In terms of the methods for labor induction , the use of oxytocin was more common among mothers of infants with asphyxia (74.3%) than in those of infants without asphyxia (p=0.015). The results also revealed a significant difference between infants with and without asphyxia in the Apgar score (first, fifth, and tenth minutes), need for neonatal resuscitation, umbilical cord artery Acidosis (pH, bicarbonate, and BE), and severity of HIE between two groups of infants with asphyxia and without asphyxia (p<0.0001). The comparison of fetal CTG 0 to 20 minutes before the delivery indicated that normal variability was observed in 71.4% of infants born with asphyxia, whereas this figure for infants born without asphyxia was 91.4% (p=0.031). However, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups of infants in any of the studied indicators at 20 and 40 minutes before the labor (p>0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups of infants in terms of deceleration at 40 and 60 minutes before the labor, as it was observed in 53.6% of infants born with asphyxia and only 11.1% of those born without asphyxia. The results also demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups in the type of deceleration (p=0.025). Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients showed a significant and direct relationship between interpretation the CTG of the three Perinatologists. (p<0.0001, r>0.8).
Conclusion: The study results demonstrated a significant difference between infants born with asphyxia and those born without asphyxia in variability at 0 to 20 minutes before the labor and deceleration at 40 to 60 minutes before the labor.
Implementing point-of-care medical information systems into surgical practice in a middle-income country: a qualitative study utilizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Wilson Stephanie N. , Noble Helen , Ordoñez Willy Jesús Neumann , Wong Gabriela Zavala , Rodríguez Manuel J , Checa David Ortega , Warne Maria , Senturia Kirsten , Lagrone Lacey Nicole 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Point-of-care medical information systems (POCMIS) can provide an efficient and effective means of strengthening health systems globally through their encouragement of continued medical education. Using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) as a guide, this research provides suggestions for improved implementation of POCMIS in low- and middle-income countries informed by an intervention implemented across public and military hospitals in Lima, Peru.
Methods: Analysis is based on qualitative interviews conducted with 12 Peruvian surgeons who received an intervention that provided free-access to UpToDate and Google Translate. The post-intervention interviews were transcribed, translated, and analyzed for themes overlapping with CFIR constructs to expose barriers to implementation and suggestions for improved implementation of future interventions.
Results: Barriers included a lack of seniority buy-in and engaging leadership, an overabundance of personal preferences for multiple POCMIS, and a culture of assumption that inhibited open communication regarding access to and use of POCMIS. Suggestions focused on intervention adaptability including both locally relevant adaptations and visual representation of information available via POCMIS.
Conclusions: In addition to explicit suggestions provided by surgeons, we also suggest actionable steps to overcome barriers identified in our data. Cultural barriers, such as the culture of assumption that emerged in our data, should be identified using rapid assessment procedures (RAP) prior to implementing similar interventions to minimize their negative impact on successful implementation. RAP may also help researchers identify key leaders in the implementation climate, allowing them to engage those leaders in the implementation process and ensure the presence of a learning climate during and following the intervention. Using RAP to guide the planning, engaging, and executing stages of the implementation process may not only help eliminate cultural barriers prior to them inhibiting successful implementation, but may also encourage regional- and specialty-specific adaptations necessary for success.
Manufacturing unclonable anti-counterfeiting labels using robust diamond microparticles on heterogeneous substrates
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Wang Lingzhi , Wang Jing , Wang Zhongqiang , Gupta Madhav , Guo Xuyun , Zhu Ye , Yiu Yau Chuen , Hui Tony K.C. , Zhou Yan , Li Can , Lei Dangyuan , Li Kwai Hei , Wang Xinqiang , Wang Qi , Shao Lei , Chu Zhiqin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The growing prevalence of counterfeit products worldwide poses serious threats to economic security and human health. Developing advanced encryption materials with physical unclonable functions offers an attractive defense against counterfeiting. Here, we have successfully developed multimodal, dynamic and unclonable anti-counterfeiting labels based on high-quality diamond microparticles containing silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers. These chaotic microparticles were heterogeneously grown on silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition, facilitating scalable and massive fabrication at low cost. Due to the non-deterministic nature of this growth method, the intrinsically unclonable function has been introduced by the randomized features of each individual particle. In particular, the extremely stable signals of SiV photoluminescence (PL) and light scattering from diamond microparticles are shown to enable high-capacity optical encryption. Moreover, time-dependent encryption has been achieved by dynamically modulating the SiV PL signals and/or controlling packed patterns of diamond microparticles via post air oxidation. Exploiting the robustness of diamond, the developed diamond-based labels exhibit ultrahigh stability in different extreme application scenarios, including harsh chemical environments, high temperature, mechanical abrasion, and UV light irradiation. Our proposed system, with its extreme randomness, multimode and dynamic encryption capability and outstanding robustness, can be practically applied immediately as anti-counterfeiting labels in diverse fields.
Possible contribution of phosphate to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in dolphins
Authors: Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Kaneko Kiyoko , Rahman Asadur , Nishiyama Takeshi , Koizumi Makoto , Yamanaka Shuichiro , Kitada Kento , Sugiura Yuki , Matsui Kenji , Yokoo Takashi , Hamano Takayuki , Kuro-o Makoto , Itou Takuya , Suzuki Miwa , Ueda Keiichi , Nishiyama Akira , Jahan Nourin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether phosphate also contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dolphins. Renal necropsy tissue of an aged captive dolphin was analyzed and in vitro experiments using cultured immortalized dolphin proximal tubular (DolKT-1) cells were performed. An older dolphin in captivity died of myocarditis, but its renal function was within the normal range until shortly before death. In renal necropsy tissue, obvious glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes were not observed except for renal infarction resulting from myocarditis. However, a computed tomography scan showed medullary calcification in reniculli. Micro area X-ray diffractometry and infrared absorption spectrometry showed that the calcified areas were primarily composed of hydroxyapatite. In vitro experiments showed that treatment with both phosphate and calciprotein particles (CPPs) resulted in cell viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase release in DolKT-1 cells. However, treatment with magnesium markedly attenuated this cellular injury induced by phosphate, but not by CPPs. Magnesium dose-dependently decreased CPP formation. These data support the hypothesis that continuous exposure to high phosphate contributes to the progression of CKD in captive-aged dolphins. Our data also suggest that phosphate-induced renal injury is mediated by CPP formation in dolphins, and it is attenuated by magnesium administration.
WITHDRAWN: Clinical Oral Investigations Comparison of localized mandible morphology between patients with impacted and non-impacted mandibular second molars in three dimensions
Authors: Zhou Zhijie , Huang Jialiang , Zhang Fan , Xu Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the morphological differences of localized mandible between patients with impacted mandibular second molars (MM2) and non-impacted patients through mandibular measurements in three dimensions.
Materials and methods
The 222 subjects who underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were included and divided into three groups. Group 1 (G1) comprised 64 patients with unilaterally impacted MM2, group 2 (G2) was composed of 54 patients with bilaterally impacted MM2, and group 3 (G3) was made up of 104 age- and sex-matched controls. 24 measurements were selected, including 21 linear measurements and 3 angular measurements.
Results
The width of mandibular first molar (MM1), the length and width of MM2, the angle between MM1 and MM2, the angle between MM2 and ascending mandibular ramus (MR) were higher in G1 and G2 than in G3 (P < 0.05). Also, the length of MM1 and MM2, the angle between MM1 and MM2 were statistically higher in the impacted side than in the non-impacted side for G1. There was positive correlation between impacted MM2 and the length, the width of MM2, the angle between MM2 and MR, but the length between MM1 and MR, the length of alveolar bone for eruption of MM2 had negative effects.
Conclusions
The crown of MM1 and MM2 were larger in the patient of impacted MM2. The eruption space of MM2 was insufficient, while the width of mandibular arch were not affected in impacted patients.
Clinical Relevance
Impacted mandibular second molars are more common in clinic.
Inter-implant distance and buccal wall thickness for a novel implant design: a preclinical study
Authors: Chen Stephen , Darby Ivan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess bone height between adjacent tapered implants of a novel design at different inter-implant distances, and to assess the impact on implant distance from the buccal bone wall.
Materials and Methods: Mandibular premolars (P2-P4) and first molar (M1) were extracted from ten minipigs. Fully-tapered implants with threads wider than the implant shoulder diameter were placed after 12 weeks. In the right hemi-mandible, four implants were placed with inter-implant thread distances of 1, 2, or 3 mm, while three implants were placed in the left hemi-mandible with distances from implant threads to outer buccal wall of >1 mm, 0.5 – 1 mm, or <0.5 mm. After 12 weeks, histomorphometrical analysis was performed to evaluate: a) first bone-to-implant contact (fBIC), total BIC, bone area-to-total area (BATA) and coronal bone height between implants (Bi ½ max) for inter-implant distance evaluation, and b) fBIC, BIC and perpendicular crest to implant shoulder (pCIS) for buccal wall evaluation.
Results: No significant differences in bone healing were noted for any of the inter-implant distances. Bone healing was significantly compromised when distance from the implant to the outer buccal wall was <0.5 mm.
Conclusions: In this experimental model, crestal bone level was maintained between two adjacent implants down to an inter-implant distance of 1 mm. However, minimum buccal wall thickness of 1 mm may be required to avoid bone loss.
Clinical relevance: Inter-implant distance and buccal bone thickness are relevant in daily clinical practice and requires additional preclinical research to clarify treatment concepts.