bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the knowledge of solitary juvenile xanthogranuloma of the eyelid: a case series and literature review
Authors: Chen Rongxin , Liu Shu , Tang Lijuan , Yu Xinyue , Meng Ziwei , Hu Yu , Li Jing , Liang Xuanwei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Solitary eyelid juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is extremely rare, and there is limited literature on its clinical features and treatment outcomes. Here, we present a case series and comprehensive review of the literature on patients with isolated eyelid JXG.

Methods
We systematically extracted data from our institution’s records of isolated eyelid JXG cases and conducted a search for additional cases from the literature utilising the PubMed, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Patients with JXG were analysed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, therapy, and outcome. Group comparisons were performed.

Results
Thirty-two patients (including 13 at our institution and 19 from prior publications) were identified. The median age at first presentation was higher in current patients than in the patients from the published cases (median 9 years, range 1.2 to 47.0 years; median 2 years, range 0.5 months to 46.0 years, respectively, P = 0.014). Of the patients who had known characteristics, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of sex, affected eye, eyelid site, type of cutaneous involvement, or duration of symptoms (each P > 0.05). Seventeen (54.8%) patients were male. The most common lesion location was the upper eyelid (n = 10, 62.5%). Twenty-four (75.0%) cutaneous lesions had full-thickness skin involvement; 8 (25.0%) subcutaneous masses had a chalazion-like appearance. Histologically, the JXG masses were characterised by Touton giant cells with inflammatory cells. Additionally, there was no significant difference in treatment modalities between the two groups (P = 0.072), and 24 (75.0%) patients underwent surgical excision. The overall recurrence-free survival was 3.6 to 52.8 (median 27.0) months in the current patients. For published cases with available follow-up information, there was no recurrence in 10 cases and improvement in 1 case, with a median follow-up of 9.5 months.

Conclusion
Solitary eyelid JXG is a rare clinical entity and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eyelid mass lesions in patients of all age groups. Surgical excision is often selected for efficient treatment and to obtain an excisional biopsy.
The regulation of FGF23 under physiological and pathophysiological conditions
Authors: Rausch Steffen , Föller Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an important bone hormone that regulates phosphate homeostasis in the kidney along with active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Endocrine effects of FGF23 depend, at least in part, on αKlotho functioning as a co-receptor whereas further paracrine effects in other tissues are αKlotho-independent. Regulation of FGF23 production is complex under both, physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Physiological regulators of FGF23 include, but are not limited to, 1,25(OH)2D3, PTH, dietary phosphorus intake, and further intracellular and extracellular factors, kinases, cytokines, and hormones. Moreover, several acute and chronic diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD) or further cardiovascular disorders are characterized by early rises in the plasma FGF23 level pointing to further mechanisms effective in the regulation of FGF23 under pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, FGF23 also serves as a prognostic marker in several diseases. Our review aims to comprehensively summarize the regulation of FGF23 in health and disease.
Fast, exact, and parallel-friendly outlier detection algorithms with proximity graph in metric spaces
Authors: Amagata Daichi , Onizuka Makoto , Hara Takahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn many fields, e.g., data mining and machine learning, distance-based outlier detection (DOD) is widely employed to remove noises and find abnormal phenomena, because DOD is unsupervised, can be employed in any metric spaces, and does not have any assumptions of data distributions. Nowadays, data mining and machine learning applications face the challenge of dealing with large datasets, which requires efficient DOD algorithms. We address the DOD problem with two different definitions. Our new idea, which solves the problems, is to exploit an in-memory proximity graph. For each problem, we propose a new algorithm that exploits a proximity graph and analyze an appropriate type of proximity graph for the algorithm. Our empirical study using real datasets confirms that our DOD algorithms are significantly faster than state-of-the-art ones.
Differential Diagnosis and Molecular Stratification of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors on CT Images Using a Radiomics Approach
Authors: Starmans Martijn P. A. , Timbergen Milea J. M. , Vos Melissa , Renckens Michel , Grünhagen Dirk J. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Dwarkasing Roy S. , Willemssen François E. J. A. , Niessen Wiro J. , Verhoef Cornelis , Sleijfer Stefan , Visser Jacob J. , Klein Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTreatment planning of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) includes distinguishing GISTs from other intra-abdominal tumors and GISTs’ molecular analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiomics for distinguishing GISTs from other intra-abdominal tumors, and in GISTs, predict the c-KIT, PDGFRA, BRAF mutational status, and mitotic index (MI). Patients diagnosed at the Erasmus MC between 2004 and 2017, with GIST or non-GIST intra-abdominal tumors and a contrast-enhanced venous-phase CT, were retrospectively included. Tumors were segmented, from which 564 image features were extracted. Prediction models were constructed using a combination of machine learning approaches. The evaluation was performed in a 100 × random-split cross-validation. Model performance was compared to that of three radiologists. One hundred twenty-five GISTs and 122 non-GISTs were included. The GIST vs. non-GIST radiomics model had a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77. Three radiologists had an AUC of 0.69, 0.76, and 0.84, respectively. The radiomics model had an AUC of 0.52 for c-KIT, 0.56 for c-KIT exon 11, and 0.52 for the MI. The numbers of PDGFRA, BRAF, and other c-KIT mutations were too low for analysis. Our radiomics model was able to distinguish GISTs from non-GISTs with a performance similar to three radiologists, but less observer dependent. Therefore, it may aid in the early diagnosis of GIST, facilitating rapid referral to specialized treatment centers. As the model was not able to predict any genetic or molecular features, it cannot aid in treatment planning yet.
Tunable three-dimensional nonreciprocal transmission in a layered nonlinear elastic wave metamaterial by initial stresses
Authors: Li Zhenni , Wang Yize , Wang Yuesheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, the three-dimensional (3D) propagation behaviors in the nonlinear phononic crystal and elastic wave metamaterial with initial stresses are investigated. The analytical solutions of the fundamental wave and second harmonic with the quasi-longitudinal (qP) and quasi-shear (qS1 and qS2) modes are derived. Based on the transfer and stiffness matrices, band gaps with initial stresses are obtained by the Bloch theorem. The transmission coefficients are calculated to support the band gap property, and the tunability of the nonreciprocal transmission by the initial stress is discussed. This work is expected to provide a way to tune the nonreciprocal transmission with vector characteristics.
Measuring hope: validity of short versions of four popular hope scales
Authors: Pleeging Emma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPopular hope-instruments differ significantly in how they define hope. Due to their length, these instruments are rarely used in large-scale surveys or combined in interdisciplinary research. This study validates short versions of four hope instruments; the Adult Trait Hope Scale; Herth Hope Index; Locus Of Hope Scale; and spiritual dimension of the Comprehensive Hope Scale. Results show that the short versions function equally well as their longer counterparts. However, all scales show remarkably low correlations with similar concepts such as a single-item-hope-question and expectations. We argue that hope is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and that each of these instrument covers only one part of the experience, meaning that combining these instruments would yield more comprehensive insights. Moreover, cross-cultural comparison indicates that the social LOHS and spiritual CHS are less important in the Netherlands compared to Mexico. These findings suggest that different instruments might be more relevant in different contexts.
A semi-analytical solution to organic contaminants transport through composite liners considering a single crack in CCL
Authors: Xie Haijian , Ding Hao , Yan Huaxiang , Yang Dandi , Lou Zhanghua , Qiu Zhanhong , Chen Yun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompacted clay liners (CCLs) are extensively used as engineering barriers for groundwater and soil pollution. The existence of cracks/fractures in CCL caused by thermally induced shrinkage is reported to importantly damage the performance of the CCL. An analytical model is developed to study the effects of the cracks/fractures on the migration of organic contaminants through a composite liner system. Laplace transformation and Laplace inversion using the Stehfest method are adopted to derive the analytical solution, which is validated by the experimental data. The existence of crack shows a significant impact on the breakthrough curve and bottom flux of organic contaminants. Increasing the crack width from 1 to 25 mm results in an enhancement of contaminant bottom concentration by a factor of 280. Increasing the adsorption factor and degradation rate of contaminants can effectively improve the performance of the composite liner with cracks. The effects of degradation of contaminants on the breakthrough curve are found to be more significant for the case with a larger retardation factor. This may be due to the fact that increasing the retardation factor can significantly slow down the transport of contaminants, which may indirectly create a longer period for the degradation of contaminants.
Respecting Older Adults: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Voinea Cristina , Wangmo Tenzin , Vică Constantin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated many social problems and put the already vulnerable, such as racial minorities, low-income communities, and older individuals, at an even greater risk than before. In this paper we focus on older adults’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and show that the risk-mitigation measures presumed to protect them, alongside the generalization of an ageist public discourse, exacerbated the pre-existing marginalization of older adults, disproportionately affecting their well-being. This paper shows that states have duties to adopt and put into practice redress measures to compensate for the negative consequences of COVID-19 public health policies on older adults’ overall well-being. These duties flow from the minimal ethical requirement of respect for persons. We show that respect is a morally basic attitude that presupposes taking the others’ interests into account, with the aim of advancing their well-being. This duty is not limited to kinship, relatives, and friends but it extends to states and the rest of the civil society. In the conclusion, we draw lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and sketch some redress measures that could compensate for the decrease in older adults’ well-being as a result of the adoption of measures to contain the spread of the virus.
Efficacy and safety of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) plus apatinib versus DEB-TACE alone in treating huge hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Li Ningjie , Chen Jiao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Apatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits angiogenesis under the tumor hypoxic environment induced by drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE), which is hypothesized to have synergic effect with DEB-TACE in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DEB-TACE plus apatinib in treating huge HCC patients.

Methods
Totally, 73 huge HCC patients (tumor size > 10 cm) were screened and divided into DEB-TACE plus apatinib group (N = 34) or DEB-TACE group (N = 39) based on the treatment they received. Their clinical response and adverse events were retrieved. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated.

Results
DEB-TACE plus apatinib achieved a trend of higher objective response rate (64.7% vs. 43.6%, P = 0.071), but similar disease control rate (88.2% vs. 79.5%, P = 0.314) than DEB-TACE alone. Moreover, DEB-TACE plus apatinib reached an improved PFS (median (95%CI): 19.0 months (15.5–22.5) vs. 10.9 months (8.0–13.8), P = 0.025) and OS (median (95%CI): 25.1 months (20.3–29.9) vs. 13.7 months (9.8–17.6), P = 0.042) than DEB-TACE alone. After adjustment by multivariate Cox’s regression analyses, DEB-TACE plus apatinib (vs. DEB-TACE alone) was independently correlated with better PFS (HR: 0.420, P = 0.004) and OS (HR: 0.477, P = 0.022). Regarding safety, adverse events were mostly mild and manageable; also, they were of no difference between DEB-TACE plus apatinib and DEB-TACE alone (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion
DEB-TACE plus apatinib achieves prolonged PFS and OS, while similar adverse events occurrence compared to DEB-TACE alone in huge HCC treatment.
Rectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Why Is There a Global Variation?
Authors: Cope Jack , Srirajaskanthan Raj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review examines the variation in incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumours across the globe. Rectal neuroendocrine tumours are a common type of gastrointestinal NET with an increasing incidence reported over the last 30 years.

Recent Findings
There have been a number of publications examining the epidemiology of neuroendocrine tumours across the world. These have utilized a variety of different methodologies to examine both incidence of prevalence of NETs. We review the data published and describe any causative factors and findings regarding the epidemiology of rectal NETs.

Summary
Rectal NETs account for 1–2% of all rectal cancers and are commonly diagnosed between 50–60 years of age. Most lesions are identified by chance at colonoscopy, commonly during colon cancer screening procedures, which is reflected in part in the age at diagnosis. Most lesions are small in size, < 10 mm and can be managed with endoscopic resection rather than requiring surgery. The highest incidence is reported in people of Asian ethnicity, with a tenfold increased incidence reported in some series compared with white population. There is also an increased incidence in Black and Hispanic population as identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Endoscopic assessment of lesions is variable globally. Future work to better understand the cause of ethnic variation and development of comprehensive cancer registries would be helpful.
The Societal Readiness Thinking Tool: A Practical Resource for Maturing the Societal Readiness of Research Projects
Authors: Bernstein Michael J. , Nielsen Mathias Wullum , Alnor Emil , Brasil André , Birkving Astrid Lykke , Chan Tung Tung , Griessler Erich , de Jong Stefan , van de Klippe Wouter , Meijer Ingeborg , Yaghmaei Emad , Nicolaisen Peter Busch , Nieminen Mika , Novitzky Peter , Mejlgaard Niels 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the Societal Readiness (SR) Thinking Tool to aid researchers and innovators in developing research projects with greater responsiveness to societal values, needs, and expectations. The need for societally-focused approaches to research and innovation—complementary to Technology Readiness (TR) frameworks—is presented. Insights from responsible research and innovation (RRI) concepts and practice, organized across critical stages of project-life cycles are discussed with reference to the development of the SR Thinking Tool. The tool is designed to complement not only shortfalls in TR approaches, but also improve upon other efforts to integrate RRI, sustainability, and design thinking in research and innovation cycles. Operationalization and early-stage user tests of the Tool are reported, along with discussion of potential future iterations and applications.
Spanish criminal procedure examined: successes, opportunities and failures in the adaptation to EU requirements
Authors: Villamarín López María Luisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines at what stage of the process of adaptation to European requirements the system of criminal justice in Spain finds itself. First, it focuses on its major achievements regarding the rights of suspects and accused (in particular, the reinforcement of the following guarantees: the right to information, the right to interpretation and translation, the right to legal assistance, the right to legal aid and personal data protection rules) as well as the protection of victims, as reinforced by the promotion of restorative justice. Secondly, the author reflects on areas requiring improvement on which the Spanish legislator might focus its attention in the short term: the protection of children who are accused in criminal proceedings, the legal treatment of internal complaints (and whistleblowers) and, finally, the presumption of innocence. Thirdly, it highlights some failures in the Spanish process of adaptation to European requirements: namely, delays, non-compliance with EU obligations and the lack of resources needed to implement required changes.
The associations of use of social network sites with perceived social support and loneliness
Authors: Caba Machado Vanessa , Mcilroy David , Padilla Adamuz Francisca M. , Murphy Rebecca , Palmer-Conn Susan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch shows that use of social network sites is associated with loneliness and this may be amplified in tertiary students by their transition from home life, especially if they struggle to integrate with peers. The buffering effects of social support may offer a solution and the online dimension may offer a suitable outlet for lonely and isolated students. In this study, N = 111 university students, aged 18-40, completed a frequency assessment of Instagram and WhatsApp, the Spanish version of the UCLA loneliness scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support in an online survey. The statistical analysis was completed by Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS 25.0. The construct validity of social network sites was established by good factor loadings for WhatsApp and Instagram, but Facebook was excluded as it did not load adequately on to the latent measurement model, in keeping with the diminishing trend for Facebook use in young students. Loneliness emerged as pivotal in a mediation model, and online social support from friends/significant others, emerged as salient in the predictive model in contrast to family. However, these associations may not have the same advantageous weight for mature students given the observed negative associations with age. Results may have implications for policy and planning through highlighting the psychological variables that are operative in the dynamics of integration, retention, and adjustment to tertiary level experience.
Fast and Sensitive Radiochemical Method for Sr-90 Determination in Food and Feed by Chromatographic Extraction and Liquid Scintillation Counting
Authors: Marchesani Giuliana , Trotta Gabriele , De Felice Pierino , Bortone Nicola , Damiano Rita , Nicolini Michele , Accettulli Rosario , Chiaravalle Antonio Eugenio , Iammarino Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStrontium-90 (Sr-90) contamination in food is a major public health issue. Several radiochemical methods are available for the determination of Sr-90. However, the application of these procedures is not focused on solid foods, but only on liquid (milk, water, etc.) and environmental matrices, and they were not fully validated. The aims of this work were to establish and validate a fast, sensitive method for the determination of Sr-90 in solid food matrices such as meat and dairy products, seafood, vegetables, and animal feed, using a specific resin for extraction and ultra-low-level liquid scintillation counting for detection. The method was optimised and validated according to relevant legislation. Good analytical performance was obtained, including high specificity and linearity together with low measurement uncertainty (13.1%). The minimal detectable activity was 11 mBq kg−1, and the mean repeatability (CV%) and recovery values were 10.7% and 100.1%, respectively. These parameters assured method applicability for official food safety controls. The method was applied to reference materials and submitted to proficiency test round to confirm its reliability for Sr-90 quantification in solid foodstuffs and feed. The newly established method may be broadly applicable to complex matrices.
3D photogrammetry as a tool for studying erosive processes at a Roman coastal site: the case of the Roman fish-salting plant at Sobreira (Vigo, Spain)
Authors: Fernández Adolfo Fernández , Abad Patricia Valle , Nóvoa Alba Antía Rodríguez 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRising sea levels, along with other biological and human factors, have increased erosion rates at a number of important sites located along the Atlantic coastline. Project GaltFish implemented a series of contingency measures to record some of these sites before they degraded further or totally disappeared. This process involved detailed photogrammetric recording of some of the sites under threat over a set period of time. One of the sites selected for this project was Sobreira (Vigo, Galicia): a Roman fish-salting factory which was partially destroyed by building activity in the 1980s and the remains of which are under threat from marine erosion and human action. In order to study the site, two photogrammetric models were created to examine the effect of erosive processes across the course of one year. The results illustrate that photogrammetry is an efficient tool for recording and analysing the issue of erosion. The data compiled helped in designing additional action in the factory, which was subject to a rescue excavation to record and help protect the site from further damage. This paper presents the results of this project, as well as the methodology used to produce the models, the data generated and their analysis. It is argued that the methodology can be used to collect and analyse data from other sites, and that this data could inform the political/administrative decision-making processes which concern the future management and preservation of archaeological sites under threat.