bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ competency in electrocardiogram interpretation in acute care settings: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Yingyan , Kunst Elicia , Nasrawi Dima , Massey Debbie , Johnston Amy N. B. , Keller Kathryn , Fengzhi Lin Frances 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsIdentify and synthesize evidence of nurses’ competency in electrocardiogram interpretation in acute care settings.DesignSystematic mixed studies review.Data sourcesCumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Scopus and Cochrane were searched in April 2021.Review methodsData were selected using the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analysis framework. A data‐based convergent synthesis design using qualitative content analysis was adopted. Quality appraisal was undertaken using validated tools appropriate to study designs of the included papers.ResultsForty‐three papers were included in this review. Skills and attitudes were not commonly assessed, as most studies referred to ‘competency’ in the context of nurses’ knowledge in electrocardiogram interpretation. Nurses’ knowledge levels in this important nursing role varied notably, which could be partly due to a range of assessment tools being used. Several factors were found to influence nurses’ competency in electrocardiogram interpretation across the included studies from individual, professional and organizational perspectives.ConclusionThe definition of ‘competency’ was inconsistent, and nurses’ competency in electrocardiogram interpretation varied from low to high. Nurses identified a lack of regular training and insufficient exposure in electrocardiogram interpretation. Hence, regular, standard training and education are recommended. Also, more research is needed to develop a standardized and comprehensive electrocardiogram interpretation tool, thereby allowing educators to safely assess nurses’ competency.ImpactThis review addressed questions related to nurses’ competency in electrocardiogram interpretation. The findings highlight varying competency levels and assessment methods. Nurses reported a lack of knowledge and confidence in interpreting electrocardiograms. There is an urgent need to explore opportunities to promote and maintain nurses’ competency in electrocardiogram interpretation.
Populist Radical Right Parties' Impact on European Foreign Aid Spending
Authors: Hackenesch Christine , Högl Maximilian , Öhler Hannes , Burni Aline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the early 2000s, populist radical right parties (PRRPs) have more than doubled their electoral support in Europe. Previous research found that PRRPs impact migration policy. However, little is known about whether they also impact other fields of domestic and foreign policy. Using a cross‐country panel analysis, we test to what extent the rise of PRRPs has influenced European foreign aid spending. We find that while the rise of PRRPs has not been associated with an overall reduction in foreign aid, it has led to changes in how aid moneys are spent. PRRP strength is linked to a higher share of aid for migration‐containment objectives, and less aid for addressing climate change and for multilateral organizations. Our analysis thereby provides evidence that the ‘electoral threat’ of PRRPs puts mainstream parties under pressure not only with regard to migration but also in relation to the climate–development nexus and aid for multilateralism.
The longitudinal impact of an evidence‐based multiple family group intervention (Amaka Amasanyufu) on oppositional defiant disorder and impaired functioning among children in Uganda: analysis of a cluster randomized trial from the SMART Africa‐Uganda scale‐up study (2016–2022)
Authors: Brathwaite Rachel , Ssewamala Fred M. , Sensoy Bahar Ozge , McKay Mary M. , Neilands Torsten B. , Namatovu Phionah , Kiyingi Joshua , Zmachinski Lily , Nabayinda Josephine , Huang Keng‐Yen , Kivumbi Apollo , Bhana Arvin , Mwebembezi Abel , Petersen Inge , Hoagwood Kimberly ,   SMART Africa – Uganda Field Team
Published: January 2022

BackgroundOppositional Defiant Disorders (ODDs) and other Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) are common among children and adolescents in poverty‐impacted communities in sub‐Saharan Africa. Without early intervention, its progression into adulthood can result in dire consequences. We examined the impact of a manualized family strengthening intervention calledAmaka Amasanyufudesigned to reduce ODDs and other DBDs among school‐going children residing in low‐resource communities in Uganda.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the SMART Africa‐Uganda study (2016–2022). Public primary schools were randomized to: (1) Control condition (receiving usual care comprising generalized psychosocial functioning literature), 10 schools; (2) intervention delivered via parent peers (Amaka‐parents), 8 schools or; (3) intervention delivered via community healthcare workers (Amaka‐community), 8 schools. All the participants were blinded. At baseline, 8‐ and 16‐weeks postintervention initiation, caregivers completed the Iowa Conners Scale, which measured Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Impairment Rating Scale to evaluate children’s overall impairment and impaired functioning with peers, siblings, and parents; impaired academic progress, self‐esteem, and family functioning. Three‐level linear mixed‐effects models were fitted to each outcome. Pairwise comparisons of postbaseline group means within each time point were performed using Sidak’s adjustment for multiple comparisons. Only children positive for ODD and other DBDs were analyzed.ResultsSix hundred and thirty‐six children screened positive for ODDs and other DBDs (Controls:n = 243; Amaka‐parents:n = 194; Amaka‐community:n = 199). At 8 weeks, Amaka‐parents’ children had significantly lower mean scores for overall impairment compared to controls, (mean difference: −0.71,p = .001), while Amaka‐community children performed better on ODD (mean difference: −0.84,p = .016). At 16 weeks, children in both groups were performing better on ODD and IRS than controls, and there were no significant differences between the two intervention groups.ConclusionsThe Amaka Amasanyufu intervention was efficacious in reducing ODD and impaired functioning relative to usual care. Hence, the Amaka Amasanyufu intervention delivered either by Amaka‐community or Amaka‐parents has the potential to reduce negative behavioral health outcomes among young people in resource‐limited settings and improve family functioning.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03081195. Registered on 16 March 2017.
Posterior minimally invasive full‐veneers: Effect of ceramic thicknesses, bonding substrate, and preparation designs on failure‐load and ‐mode after fatigue
Authors: Gierthmuehlen Petra C. , Jerg Annika , Fischer Johannes Benjamin , Bonfante Estevam A. , Spitznagel Frank A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of ceramic thicknesses, bonding surface (enamel vs. dentin), and preparation design (box vs. no box) on the fatigue survival and failure load of minimally invasive full‐veneer restorations.Materials and MethodsHuman‐premolars (n = 60) were divided into five test groups (n = 12). All teeth received full‐veneer preparation with the following occlusal/labial thicknesses: standard: 1.5/0.8 mm; thin: 1.0/0.6 mm; ultrathin 0.5/0.4 mm. Preparations for each ceramic thickness were refined in enamel (E‐1.0 and E‐0.5) or dentin (D‐1.5, D‐1.0, and D‐0.5). Control groups DB‐1.5, EB‐1.0, and EB‐0.5 received box preparations. Monolithic lithium disilicate restorations (IPS‐e.max‐Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were adhesively cemented (Syntac‐Classic/Variolink‐II, Ivoclar Vivadent) and subjected to cyclic mechanical loading (F = 49 N, 1.2 million cycles) with simultaneous thermocycling (5–55°C). All specimens were exposed to single load‐to‐failure. Pair‐wise differences were calculated by using a linear regression model and Student–Newman–Keuls method (p < 0.05).ResultsAll full‐veneers of group D‐1.5, E‐1.0, E‐0.5, DB‐1.5, EB‐1.0, and EB‐0.5 survived fatigue. Two full‐veneers (D‐1.0 and D‐0.5) revealed cracks during fatigue, resulting in an overall fatigue survival rate of 98.1%. Mean load‐to‐failure values (N) were as followed: 1005 (D‐1.5); 866 (D‐1.0); 816 (D‐0.5); 1495 (E‐1.0); 1279 (E‐0.5); 1129 (DB‐1.5); 1087 (EB‐1.0); and 833 (EB‐0.5). Irrespective of ceramic thicknesses, enamel‐based full‐veneers resulted in higher failure loads than dentin‐based restorations. Box preparation reduced the failure loads of thin and ultrathin enamel‐based restorations.ConclusionAll tested monolithic lithium disilicate full‐veneer restorations exceeded physiological masticatory forces. Minimally invasive full‐veneer restorations with enamel as a bonding surface and a non‐retentive preparation design showed superior performance.Clinical SignificanceEnamel‐based non‐retentive full‐veneers made of monolithic lithium disilicate may serve as a reliable and esthetical minimally invasive treatment option for premolars.
Autophagy modulation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss L. and resistance to experimental infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Authors: Liu Juan‐Ting , Pham Phuc H. , Lumsden John S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreviously, rainbow trout fed deoxynivalenol (DON) or partially fed (pair‐fed) for 4 weeks before and during experimental infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum had significantly decreased mortality rates. Similar results were obtained in the present study after 12 days, but not after 6 days, feeding 5 ppm DON or pair‐fed before infection. Furthermore, feeding 250 ppm chloroquine (CQ) also reduced mortality (p = .052) compared with controls and may have promise for treatment of some fish disease. Parallel groups of fish were maintained on the respective treatments for 15 days, with an additional group that was fasted, but were not infected to monitor autophagy. Fish that were fasted or fed DON had significantly increased LC3II in the liver and fasted fish had significantly decreased LC3II in muscle compared with controls using western blot. There was no difference in LC3II signal in the spleen of any treatment group. Fish that were fasted or pair‐fed had significant up‐regulation of the Atg genes atg4, atg7, lc3, gabarap and atg12 in muscle using quantitative PCR. Less alteration of Atg expression was seen in liver. Fish treated with CQ had significantly increased expression of atg4, becn1, lc3 and atg12 in the liver. Fish fed DON for 15 days had few alterations of Atg genes in either the liver or muscle. It is still not clear if autophagy is responsible for the resistance of rainbow trout fed DON, CQ or pair‐fed before F. psychrophilum infection.
Allele‐aware chromosome‐scale assembly of the allopolyploid genome of hexaploid Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)
Authors: Zheng Yushan , Yang Deming , Rong Jundong , Chen Liguang , Zhu Qiang , He Tianyou , Chen Lingyan , Ye Jing , Fan Lili , Gao Yubang , Zhang Hangxiao , Gu Lianfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDendrocalamus latiflorus Munro is a woody clumping bamboo with rapid shoot growth. Both genetic transformation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing techniques are available for D. latiflorus, enabling reverse genetic approaches. Thus, D. latiflorus has the potential to be a model bamboo species. However, the genome sequence of D. latiflorus has remained unreported due to its polyploidy and large genome size. Here, we sequenced the D. latiflorus genome and assembled it into three allele‐aware subgenomes (AABBCC), representing the largest genome of a major bamboo species. We assembled 70 allelic chromosomes (2, 737 Mb) for hexaploid D. latiflorus using both single‐molecule sequencing from the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Sequel platform and chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi‐C). Repetitive sequences comprised 52.65% of the D. latiflorus genome. We annotated 135 231 protein‐coding genes in the genome based on transcriptomes from eight different tissues. Transcriptome sequencing using RNA‐Seq and PacBio single‐molecule real‐time long‐read isoform sequencing revealed highly differential alternative splicing (AS) between non‐abortive and abortive shoots, suggesting that AS regulates the abortion rate of bamboo shoots. This high‐quality hexaploid genome and comprehensive strand‐specific transcriptome datasets for this Poaceae family member will pave the way for bamboo research using D. latiflorus as a model species.
Models and methods to study Schwann cells
Authors: Negro Samuele , Pirazzini Marco , Rigoni Michela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSchwann cells (SCs) are fundamental components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of all vertebrates and play essential roles in development, maintenance, function, and regeneration of peripheral nerves. There are distinct populations of SCs including: (1) myelinating SCs that ensheath axons by a specialized plasma membrane, called myelin, which enhances the conduction of electric impulses; (2) non‐myelinating SCs, including Remak SCs, which wrap bundles of multiple axons of small caliber, and perysinaptic SCs (PSCs), associated with motor axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). All types of SCs contribute to PNS regeneration through striking morphological and functional changes in response to nerve injury, are affected in peripheral neuropathies and show abnormalities and a diminished plasticity during aging. Therefore, methodological approaches to study and manipulate SCs in physiological and pathophysiological conditions are crucial to expand the present knowledge on SC biology and to devise new therapeutic strategies to counteract neurodegenerative conditions and age‐derived denervation. We present here an updated overview of traditional and emerging methodologies for the study of SCs for scientists approaching this research field.
Border enforcement and the sorting and commuting patterns of Hispanics
Authors: Cho Heepyung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractI analyze the effects of immigration enforcement by the US Border Patrol on the sorting and commuting patterns of Hispanics. Using a regression discontinuity design based on a 100‐Mile Border Zone, which permits Border Patrol agents to conduct warrantless searches within 100 air miles of the US border, I find that the share of Hispanics in southwestern states increases outside the Border Zone. This sorting effect disappears, however, when focusing on within‐county differences in shares of Hispanics. I also find no significant commuting effect on Hispanics at the 100‐mile cutoff. On the contrary, I show that Hispanics near Border Patrol checkpoints exhibit significantly different commuting patterns, where a 1 percentage point rise in Hispanic share is associated with a 0.08 percentage point decrease in the probability of commuting toward checkpoints and a 0.2 mile decrease in the average commute distance.
Drivers of beta diversity along a precipitation gradient in tropical forests of the Cauca River Canyon in Colombia
Authors: Idárraga‐Piedrahíta Álvaro , González‐Caro Sebastián , Duque Álvaro J. , Jiménez‐Montoya Jáider , González‐M. Roy , Parra Juan L. , Rivera‐Gutiérrez Héctor F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTropical dry forests are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth, and understanding the effects of climate on their species distributions is critical to mitigate global change impacts. Here, we assessed the impact of precipitation and dispersal limitation by natural and anthropogenic causes on phylogenetic and taxonomic beta diversity of woody‐plant communities.LocationCauca River Canyon in the Northwest Andean mountains, Colombia.MethodsWe used inventory data from 160 0.02‐ha plots and a phylogenetic tree to calculate phylogenetic and taxonomic beta diversity and their components (nestedness and replacement) across plots. We used redundancy analysis to assess the effects of precipitation, spatial distance, and connectivity (a proxy of fragmentation) on changes in beta diversity metrics and estimated each variable's relative contribution.ResultsWe found that both phylogenetic and taxonomic replacement were highly related to precipitation differences. Spatial distance and connectivity explained only a small proportion of the variance in phylogenetic and taxonomic replacement. None of the predictor variables explained phylogenetic or taxonomic nestedness.ConclusionsPatterns of phylogenetic and taxonomic replacement across woody‐plant communities suggest that species and clades are highly specialized to particular precipitation regimes with a minor role for dispersal limitation. Both climate change and fragmentation could drastically influence the future community composition of tropical dry forests.
Affine term structure models: A time‐change approach with perfect fit to market curves
Authors: Mbaye Cheikh , Vrins Frédéric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe address the so‐called calibration problem, which consists of fitting in a tractable way a given model to a specified term structure such as yield, prepayment or default probability curves. Time‐homogeneous affine jump diffusions (HAJD) are tractable processes but have limited flexibility; they fail to perfectly replicate actual market curves. Applying a deterministic shift to the latter is a simple but efficient solution that is widely used by both academics and practitioners. However, the shift approach may not be appropriate when positivity is required, a common constraint when dealing with credit spreads or default intensities. In this paper, we address this problem by adopting a time‐change technique. Specific attention is paid to the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model with compound Poisson jumps (JCIR), which remains standard for modeling intensities. Our time‐changed JCIR (TC‐JCIR) is compared to the shifted JCIR (JCIR++) in various credit applications such as credit default swap (CDS), credit default swaption, and credit valuation adjustment (CVA) under wrong‐way risk (WWR). The TC‐JCIR model is able to generate much larger implied volatilities and covariance effects than JCIR++ under positivity constraints and represents an appealing alternative to the latter.
Northwest Africa 6486: Record of large impact events and fluid alteration on the L chondrite asteroid
Authors: Lorenz C. A. , Korochantseva E. V. , Ivanova M. A. , Hopp J. , Franchi I. A. , Humayun M. , Anosova M. O. , Teplyakova S. N. , Trieloff M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report the results of petrological, geochemical, and geochronological investigations of the unusual K‐rich L chondrite melt rock Northwest Africa 6486 (NWA 6486). The rock has slightly fractionated siderophile elements and a mostly unfractionated L chondrite pattern of lithophile elements with the exceptions of enrichments in K and Rb and chondritic Sr abundance similar to the K‐rich inclusions found in the ordinary chondrites and indicating a fractionation of alkaline elements through the vapor. We suggest that NWA 6486 and related K‐rich chondritic inclusions were formed in situ on the OC parent bodies and that K and Rb enrichment of these rock most probably is a result of the selective impact evaporation of volatile alkali elements followed by the reaction of a vapor with shock melt. NWA 6486 recorded a breakup event of the L chondrite parent asteroid at 470 Ma during which it was formed. Unusual veins, depleted in K, Na, Ca, and Al relative to the host rock were found in NWA 6486. We suggest that NWA 6486 was affected by aqueous fluids that produced alteration zones depleted in a feldspar component on the walls of opened fractures. The melt veins could be formed during a subsequent impact event by in situ melting of the fracture walls or due to decomposition of an injected supercritical aqueous silicate fluid. The aqueous alteration and the second impact event had no detectable effect on Ar and oxygen isotopic systems. Cosmic ray exposure ages indicate that NWA 6486 was ejected from its parent asteroid ~3–4 Ma ago.
Sampling‐based modified ant colony optimization method for high‐speed rail alignment development
Authors: Roy Sandeepan , Maji Avijit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh‐speed railway (HSR) alignment development is a complex and tedious problem due to an infinite number of possible solutions, the existence of non‐linear costs and impacts, and complex location and geometric design constraints. In this study, a low‐discrepancy point sampling‐based modified ant colony optimization (SMACO) algorithm for obtaining horizontal alignments with optimized HSR‐specific cost and impact, including noise and vibration impacts, is proposed. The low‐discrepancy sampling approach is used to identify the potential, from which appropriate intermediate s are selected to develop feasible alignments using the SMACO algorithm. It effectively avoids restricted land parcels and satisfies HSR‐related geometric design requirements. A real‐world case study demonstrated that the HSR alignment obtained using the proposed method was marginally better than the path planner method‐based alignment and the constructed alignment. The sensitivity analysis highlighted the impact of two key parameters, that is, the right of way widths and noise and vibration screening distances on the HSR alignment development. This study advances the alignment development automation, particularly the HSR horizontal alignment for design speeds over 180 km/h. It facilitates extensive search space exploration independent of infeasible regions, identifies and selects without being constrained to prespecified locations and a user‐defined number, and proposes a suitably modified ACO algorithm for the HSR alignment development.
Quality of the Situation‐Background‐Assessment‐Recommendation tool during nurse‐physician calls in the ICU: An observational study
Authors: Scolari Emil , Soncini Leda , Ramelet Anne‐Sylvie , Schneider Antoine Guillaume 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSituation‐Background‐Assessment‐Recommendation (SBAR) is a tool for structuring communication between healthcare professionals. SBAR reduces medical errors, however few studies have evaluated its quality in real practice.AimsTo describe the quality of SBAR utilization by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses during phone conversations with physicians. To assess the influence of nurses' training, professional experience, and call circumstances on this quality.Study DesignThis observational study was conducted in the adult ICU of a university hospital in French speaking Switzerland. All consecutive telephone calls from nurses to physicians during a calendar month, were recorded. Those related to a change in patients' clinical status were selected and analysed. The quality of SBAR utilization was assessed using a pre‐defined analysis grid. Scores ranged from 0 (worst quality) to 100% (best quality). Nurses' sociodemographics and training record were collected. Multiple regression was used to assess determinants of SBAR quality including nurses characteristics and level of training.ResultsWe analysed 290 phone calls, made by 99 nurses. The median SBAR quality score was 41% (interquartile range [IQR] 33–48). Quality scores varied across the four items of SBAR: Situation 88% (81–94), Background 17% (6–27), Assessment 17% (0–33), and Recommendation 33% (17–40). Factors independently associated with higher SBAR quality were age (−0.66%, p = .002, 95% CI [−1.07; −0.25]), primary language other than French (−8.40%, p = .017, 95% CI [−15.29; −1.51]), lack of ICU expertise (−9.25%, p = .013, 95% CI [−16.5;1–1.99]), and SBAR training in pre‐graduate nursing education (+11.53%, p = .028, 95% CI [1.27; 22.79]).ConclusionsThe quality of SBAR utilization remains low in ICU clinical practice. Pre‐ and post‐graduate training seem to improve its quality.Relevance to Clinical PracticePre‐graduate mandatory training associated with multiple repetitions could improve nurses' SBAR utilization. Training using the SBAR tool should be combined with the development of nursing skills in assessment and clinical judgment.