bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the Relationship of Earthquake and Ionosphere Using IRI TEC for Education
Authors: Phansori Nawaphon , Phukrongta Sirinil , Kriamthaisong Onuma , Kenpankho Prasert 
Published: February 2022

This research is aimed to study and analyze the relationship between the earthquake events and the disturbance of ionosphere. The method is by using the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model to get Total Electron Content (TEC) values and then find the correlation on earthquake events and ionosphere. The result is to be correlated at 0.056, which shows the evidence of correlationon earthquake events and ionosphere. For the future work, we will study the significant on the development of earthquake warning system. This study can be used for educational purposes.
Pattern and causes of tooth extraction in patients reporting to GVPIHC and MT, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Alluru Deepika , Lingamallu Chandrasekhar , Andey Venkata Subhash , Venkumahanti Venkata Durga Prasad 
Published: February 2022

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Teeth help us in masticatory function, phonetics and aesthetics. Loss of teeth may affect quality of life and has significant socioeconomic, psychological consequences. Its important to analyse the reasons and patterns of tooth loss to know their impact on the remaining dentition and oral health. Thus, the present study was designed to understand the pattern and causes of tooth extraction in a targeted population. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study analysed 972 records of patients who underwent 1092 dental extractions in the department of dentistry at Gayatri Vidya Parishad Institute of Health Care and Medical Technology-Visakhapatnam from January 2021 to December 2021. Various aspects like the causes of extraction, type of teeth extracted, type of dentition involved and site of extraction were evaluated. The collected data was then tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1092 extractions were evaluated and noticed only 7% cases involving primary dentition. Caries (65.8%) was the most common cause of dental extractions followed by periodontitis. Majority of extractions were noticed in maxillary posterior region. First molars (27.4%) were often extracted followed by second molars. Least number of extractions involved canine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dental caries and periodontitis were the most common causes of dental extraction. Most extractions involved secondary dentition. Maxillary and posterior regions had maximum number of extractions. First molars were commonly extracted followed by second molars. It is necessary to implement preventive dental care programs and improve the oral hygiene awareness in public.</p>
Postural Discomfort and Musculoskeletal Disorders among the Agricultural Workers in Faizabad District
Authors: Mohini . , Kiran U.V. , Kumari Santoshi , Sharma Vishal 
Published: February 2022

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Farming has been considered a physically demanding and associated with high risk occupation for musculoskeletal disorders. Agricultural workers have to adapt different postures while working in the fields, e.g. standing, bending, sitting, kneeling, raising hand, etc. They work for long duration in awkward postures, due to which they have to face a lot of postural discomforts. They go through a lot of physical hazards, and sometimes they have to face severe pain. <strong>Aim:</strong> The present study was conducted to find out the musculoskeletal disorders and postural discomfort among the agricultural workers while working in the fields. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Present study was conducted on 150 agricultural workers. The sample was randomly selected in the Balramau area of Faizabad district. A self-structured interview schedule and the postural discomfort scale developed by Corlett and Bishop in (1976) were used for data collection. <strong>Result:</strong> The study revealed that maximum pain was felt in the upper back, upper arms, mid-back, lower arms, lower back, and buttocks. Female agricultural workers felt more pain as compared to male agricultural workers. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Agricultural workers face lot of pain in different body parts. Proper training program and information about musculoskeletal disorders symptoms should be given to agricultural workers so that they can get help in identifying the symptoms. Training programmers to agricultural workers in adopting right postures to minimise the stress also need to be conducted. </p>
Board diversity and firm value; mediating effect of CSR of listed oil firms in Nigeria
Authors: Chondough Stephanie M. 
Published: February 2022

In this empirical study, the mediating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the nexus between corporate value and board diversity is investigated. However, hypotheses developed for this study were tested with annualized panel dataset of eight (8) Nigerian listed oil and gas firms in the upstream sector spanning 2012 to 2019. Stakeholder theory was used to underpin the study. The study employed three indicators for board diversity (board professionalism, board nationality and board gender), Tobin’s Q and amount spent on CSR. The panel regression results show that looking at the indirect effect in Model One; board diversity has no significant effect on firm value. However, empirical findings indicated that CSR exerts a significant and positive relationship with corporate value. Considering Model Two, the results show that CSR plays a pertinent role in establishing the nexus between corporate value and board diversity, this finding is congruent with stakeholder theory. The study recommends that environmental sensitive firms should maintain an appropriate and balance diverse board as it plays a pertinent and significant role in establishing the nexus between stakeholder relationship and the firms, which can also serve as a mechanism to mitigate manager's opportunistic tendencies behind CSR investment.
JEL code: L95, M14, M41
Conversion of the Sagittal Functional Safe Zone to the Coronal Plane Using a Mathematical Algorithm
Authors: Tang Hao , Zhao Yongqiang , Wang Siyuan , Ma Zhuyi , Li Ya , Shi Hongwei , Zhou Yixin 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Ante-inclination (AI) of the cup is a key component of the combined sagittal index (CSI) for predicting joint stability after total hip arthroplasty (THA). We aimed to (1) validate a mathematical algorithm relating AI to radiographic anteversion (RA), radiographic inclination (RI), and pelvic tilt (PT); (2) convert the AI criterion of the CSI into the coronal functional safe zone (CFSZ) and explore the influences of standing-to-sitting pelvic motion (PM) and pelvic incidence (PI) on the CFSZ; and (3) attempt to locate a universal cup orientation that always fulfills the AI criterion of the CSI for all patients.

Methods:
In the first phase, a phantom pelvis was designed to simulate a range of PT values, and an acetabular cup was implanted with different RA, RI, and PT settings using a robot-assisted technique and scanned using the EOS imaging system. The second phase involved patient radiographs. We enrolled 100 patients who underwent robot-assisted THA from April 2019 to December 2019, and EOS images before THA and at the 12-month follow-up were recorded. The AI was measured on a lateral radiograph; this angle was used as the reference and compared with the calculated AI to assess the accuracy of the algorithm. Linear regression was conducted to explore the relationship between the size of the CFSZ and the values of PM and PI. We calculated the intersection of the CFSZs of the patients to find a universal cup orientation (RA and RI) for the CSI.

Results:
The algorithm was accurate according to both the phantom study and patient radiographs using PT at the time of follow-up, with mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 1.5° (width of 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2°) and 2.8° (width of 95% CI, 3.0°), respectively. However, the preoperatively predicted AI had an MAE of 9.0° (width of 95% CI, 10.5°). In patient subgroups with lower PM or PI, the sizes of the CFSZ and of its intersection with the Lewinnek safe zone were significantly smaller (p < 0.017). No universal cup orientation existed to fulfill the CSI criteria for all patients or for any of the PM or PI subgroups.

Conclusions:
The target orientation for the cup in THA should be individualized. Our validated algorithm may serve as a quantitative tool for the patient-specific optimization of cup AI on the basis of the functional safe zone.

Clinical Relevance:
The Lewinnek safe zone fails because it cannot predict the functional orientation of the cup. The concept of a universal safe zone of cup orientation should be abandoned and replaced by a patient-specific surgical target.
Food supplements consumption and the role of pharmacies: a north-eastern Italy observational study
Authors: Brunelli Laura , Arnoldo Luca , Mazzilis Giada , D'Angelo Matteo , Colautti Laura , Cojutti Pier Giorgio , Parpinel Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims. The inappropriate use of food supplements can potentially cause harms to patients. The role played by pharmacists in advising citizens and purchasing these products, can contribute in improving their safer use but the knowledge, attitudes and practice of these professionals on this topic is still largely unknown. Methods. Pharmacists of the Italian Region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (FVG) were surveyed through a 47-items online questionnaire from Sept 2020 to Feb 2021. Questions investigated on knowledge (20 items), attitudes and practice (27 items). Data about sex, age, years of experience, degree, role within pharmacy (owner, employee) were also collected. Results. 232 questionnaires were collected, most of which (71%) from women. The majority of responders had a Pharmacy degree (77%) and were employees within pharmacies (66%) where they have been working for at least 10 years (61%). Pharmacists’ knowledge resulted to be poor with less than half participants scoring above the median value of 11; knowledge was higher among more experienced pharmacists. Larger gaps identified included the possible carcinogenicity of multivitamin’s abuse and the undesired presence of non-labeled components in food supplements. Responders with less working experience felt more unprepared about vitamin’s dosage and groups of patients with particular diseases (p<0.05). Employees reported the attitude of purchasing food supplements under patient direct request more frequently than owners (p<0.05). Conclusions. Pharmacists’ knowledge level on food supplements is unsatisfactory, and the effect of this lack on patient safety is concerning. Young professionals in particular would benefit further education the most on this specific public health topic.
Combination of Advanced Nano-Fenton Process and Sonication for Destruction of Diclofenac: Variables Optimization using Response Surface Method
Authors: Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Yousefi Nader , Bagheri Amin , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Nabizadeh Ramin , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Fekri Rana , Akbari-adergani Behrouz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) as a non-steroidal pharmaceutical has been detected in aquatic samples more than other compounds due to its high consumption and limited biodegradability. In this study, ultrasound waves were applied along with an advanced Nano-Fenton process (US/ANF) to remove DCF, and subsequently, the synergistic effect was determined. Before that, the efficiency of the US and ANF processes was separately studied. The central composite design was used as one of the most applicable responses surface method techniques to determine the main and interactive effect of the factors influencing DCF removal efficiency in US/ANF. The mean DCF removal efficiency under different operational conditions and at the time of 1-10 min was obtained to be about 4%, 83%, and 95% for the US, ANF, and US/ANF, respectively. Quadratic regression equations for two frequencies of US were developed using multiple regression analysis involving main, quadratic, and interaction effects. The synergy index values showed a slight synergistic effect for US/ANF (1.1). Although the synergistic effect of US/ANF is not very remarkable, it can be considered as a quick and efficient process for the removal of DCF from wastewater with a significant amount of mineralization.
Synthesis, in-vitro Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel spiro-β-lactam-isatin Hybrids
Authors: jarrahpour Aliasghar , Jowkar Zahra , Haghighijoo Zahra , Heiran Roghayeh , Rad Javad Ameri , Sinou Véronique , Latour Christine , Brunel Jean michel , Özdemirf Namık 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In our ongoing search for bioactive compounds, a class of novel spiro-β-lactam isatin hybrids have been obtained by [2+2] cycloaddition reaction from 1-allyl-3-(arylimino)indolin-2-one and ketenes from various aryloxy acetic acids. The formation of all cycloadducts were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectra as well as elemental analyses. The new β-lactams were evaluated for their biological activities. The compounds 4a-g showed moderate to good activity against P. falciparum K1 strain and showed moderate to good activity. Among them, 4b and 4e demonstrated the best results with IC50 of 5.04 and 7.18, respectively. The molecular docking simulation of 4b with P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase enzyme (PfDHFR) binding site shown several intermolecular interactions that would be consider to design the future analogs of antimalarial agents. Moreover, all the synthesized β-lactams were evaluated against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria including E. coli ATCC 28922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 at the MIC level of 200 µg/mL and did not possess significant activity.
An Equivalence Test Between Features Lists, Based On The Sorensen - Dice Index And The Joint Frequencies of GO Node Enrichment
Authors: Flores Pablo , Salicru Miquel , Sanchez-Pla Alexandre , Ocaña Jordi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In integrative bioinformatic analyses, it is of great interest to stablish the equivalence between gene or (more in general) feature lists, up to a given level and in terms of their annotations in the Gene Ontology. The aim of this article is to present an equivalence test based on the proportion of GO nodes which are declared as enriched in both lists simultaneously.Results: On the basis of these data, the disimilarity between gene lists is measured by means of the Sorensen – Dice index. We present two flavours of the same test: One of them based on the asymptotic normality of the test statistic and the other based on the bootstrap method.Conclusions: The accuracy of these tests is studied by means of simulation and their possible interest is illustrated by using them over two real datasets: A collection of gene lists related to cancer and a collection of gene lists related to kidney rejection after transplantation.
Slum Dwellers’ Adherence to COVID-19 Guidelines: Application of the COM-B Model to Barriers and Facilitators of Behavioural Change in Uganda’s Urban Slums
Authors: Seruwagi Gloria , Masaba Hilda Namakula , Kyamulabi Agnes , Nzesei Catherine Nakidde , Magumba Daniel , Ssematiko Maria , Abura Francis , Luswata Brian , Lugada Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Following the WHO’s global pandemic declaration and Uganda’s confirmation of its first COVID-19 case in March 2020, a set of guidelines and directives were given to prevent the spread and mitigate the effects of the novel coronavirus. While initial strict enforcement was ensured and adherence to these preventive guidelines registered, it rapidly declined within a few weeks. This paper uses the ecological systems theory and COM-B model to explore adherence barriers and facilitators. We used data from a mixed methods cross-sectional study conducted in two slums within Kampala, Uganda’s capital city. Study participants were 807 (660=quantitative, 147=qualitative). For data collection we used interviews, focus group discussions, observation and a community survey. Quantitative data was collected using ODK, cleaned, coded in excel and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Qualitative interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, coded and thematically analysed using NVivo12 software. Study findings show high and varied levels of non-adherence with hand washing at 52.7% and disinfection of touch surfaces at 9.9%. Non-adherence was attributed to a number of economic, sociocultural, political and structural reasons. Despite availability of prevention opportunities, weak capacity and low motivation led to largely undesirable behavior which increased the risk to COVID-19 infections among slumdwellers. The COM-B model can be used to better understand critical intervention pathways to increase adherence to policy and adoption of health protection behavior among vulnerable communities. It is possible to institute adherence barriers among slum dwellers through simple policy and programming responses if contextual factors are recognised.
What is the Sustainability of Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs) Amidst of Covid-19? Its Impact on Household Income Level and its Determining Factors-Lessons from Malawi, Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Munthali George N. Chidimbah , Xuelian Wu , Dzimbiri Mastano Nambiro Woleson , Zolo Amon , Mushani John K.B , Banda Lazarus Obed Livingstone 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Food security, malnutrition and poverty are some of the challenges that most of the sub-Saharan African countries face, with the coming of Covid-19 the sustainability of Village Savings and Loans Association which are formed to counter fight these challenges is questioned. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with the Sustainability of VSLAs amidst of Covid-19 and its impacts on households' income levels. Methods: An online cross-sectional design was conducted from November to January 2021, targeting VSLAs members in Mzuzu. A snowball and respondent-driven sampling technique was used to recruit the needful participants using a referral approach. IBM SPSS version 23 was used to perform descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, and binary logistic regression with unstandardized Beta (β), Odds Ratios (OR), and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) being taken into account with P-value set at P-value at 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels. Results: Our study finds that household income declined by 54% for those earnings belonged to ˂ MK5,000, as compared to 38% and 15% for medium (MK5,000 ≥ MK10,000) and higher (>MK10,000) income bands respectively. Our study shows that gender (β=0.437, p=0.094), age-group (β=1.317, p=0.000), education (β=2.181, p=0.047), share contributions (β=1.035, p=0.008), and meetings (β=0.572, p=0.021), and occupation (β=-0.453, p=0.106), frequency of meeting (β=-0.507, p=0.049) were positively and negatively statistically significant predictors. Conclusion: Findings of this study shows that households with lower income earnings as one of the indicators of poverty are more affected by the pandemic than their counterparts. We recommend that the policymakers should continue and adopt, if they have not yet, programs that would help to assist low-income households, such as transfer of payments, which have proved to boost the income of the poor in many developing countries.
Targeted Sequencing Analysis Of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Isolates In Chicken Layer And Breeder Flocks In Thailand.
Authors: Limsatanun Arithat , Pakpinyo Somsak , Limpavithayakul Kriengwich , Prasertsee Teerarat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the most economically significant pathogens worldwide. MG affects the respiratory system and cause a poor growth performance in poultry. In some developing countries, the conventional PCR assay are still the widely used technique. In this study, 24 collected Thai MG isolates from the unvaccinated farms during 2002-2020 were characterized by gene-targeted sequencing (GTS), followed by phylogenetic using UPMGA analysis. From the results, 24 Thai MG isolates could be differentiated from vaccine strains including F, ts-11 and 6/85. One of Thai MG isolates showed 99.5-100% genetic similarity to F strain with 4 partial genes analysis. The contamination of F strain from the vaccinated farms could be a possible reason because F strain is the most used vaccine strain in Thailand. However, The GTS analysis using the partial MG genes in this study showed that Thai MG isolates were grouped in different patterns based on individual gene sequences. The phylogenetic of partial mgc2, gapA, pvpA and lp gene sequences could classified Thai MG isolates into 7, 11, 7 and 2 groups, respectively. In conclusion, at least 2 partial MG genes especially partial gapA and mgc2 genes should be determined to differentiate the MG isolates.
Dynamical transition in a nonlinear two-level system driven by a special hyperbolic-secant external field
Authors: Cao Hong , Liu Xi-Jing , Liu Miao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We propose a simplification of the exact solution model in a linear system, which creates a transparent passage for dynamical transition. We extend this model to the nonlinear system and show that the transition dynamics will be determined by the nonlinear parameter and an unique parameter of external field. Asnon-linearity increases, Landau-Majorana-Stückelberg-
Zener (LMSZ) interference fringes can be constructive and the up energy level in the adiabatic limit splits into three levels. For fast-sweeping fields, we derive an analytic expression for dynamics transition under stationary phase approximation and show that transition probability will be blocked as the non-linearity is much larger than external field parameter, which agrees with
numerical results.
Tracking of health-related physical fitness in adolescent girls: a 3-year follow- up study
Authors: Kasović Mario , Oreški Ana , Vespalec Tomaš , Jenčíková Kateřina , Štefan Lovro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundEvidence has shown that higher levels of physical fitness in youth have beneficial effects on adult health-related outcomes. However, the tracking of separate physical fitness components during adolescence has been less studied. Since physical fitness often starts to rapidly decline during adolescence, it is necessary to provide information regarding critical time-point for interventions. This study aimed to analyze the extent of tracking of several physical fitness tests. Methods In this longitudinal study, we recruited 240 adolescent girls with recoded data at 2 time-points (15 y and 17 y). Physical fitness included body composition (fat mass), explosive power of lower extremities (standing broad jump), muscle endurance of the trunk (sit-ups in 60 sec), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), muscle endurance of lower extremities (squats in 60 sec), aerobic endurance (the 800 m run test) and speed endurance (the 400 m run test). Tracking coefficients were calculated using generalized estimating equations. Tertiles (high, moderate and low) were calculated for each fitness component. Results The highest tracking coefficients between the two time-points were found for explosive power of lower extremities (β=0.98), followed by flexibility (β=0.89), body composition (β=0.88), speed endurance (β=0.86), aerobic endurance (β=0.75), muscle endurance of lower extremities (β=0.65), and muscle endurance of the trunk (β=0.51). Tertile ratings remained stable across the two time-points.ConclusionsModerate to high tracking of physical fitness in adolescent girls suggests that interventions aiming to increase the level of physical fitness should probably begin in early adolescence.