bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) scores with item response theory
Authors: Simons Mary U. , Nelson Lindsay D. , McCrea Michael A. , Balsis Steve , Hoelzle James B. , Magnus Brooke E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective:Despite the public health burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) across broader society, most TBI studies have been isolated to a distinct subpopulation. The TBI research literature is fragmented further because often studies of distinct populations have used different assessment procedures and instruments. Addressing calls to harmonize the literature will require tools to link data collected from different instruments that measure the same construct, such as civilian mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and sports concussion symptom inventories.Method:We used item response theory (IRT) to link scores from the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) symptom checklist, widely used instruments for assessing civilian and sport-related mTBI symptoms, respectively. The sample included data fromn= 397 patients who suffered a sports-related concussion, civilian mTBI, orthopedic injury control, or non-athlete control and completed the SCAT and/or RPQ.Results:The results of several analyses supported sufficient unidimensionality to treat the RPQ + SCAT combined item set as measuring a single construct. Fixed-parameter IRT was used to create a cross-walk table that maps RPQ total scores to SCAT symptom severity scores. Linked and observed scores were highly correlated (r= .92). Standard errors of the IRT scores were slightly higher for civilian mTBI patients and orthopedic controls, particularly for RPQ scores linked from the SCAT.Conclusion:By linking the RPQ to the SCAT we facilitated efforts to effectively combine samples and harmonize data relating to mTBI.
The perceptions of cancer health-care practitioners in New Zealand and the USA toward psychedelic-assisted therapy with cancer patients: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Reynolds Lisa M. , Barnett Brian , Weleff Jeremy , Morunga Eva , Wells Alesha , Stack Aideen , Akroyd Amelia , Hoeh Nicholas , Sundram Frederick , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh , Lawrence Nicola , Evans William J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesA resurgence of research investigating the administration of psychedelic compounds alongside psychotherapy suggests that this treatment is a promising intervention for anxiety, depression, and existential distress in people with cancer. However, psychedelic treatment that induces a mind-altering experience potentially poses barriers to vulnerable cancer patients, and health-care practitioners may have concerns about referring their patients to trials investigating this approach. The aim of the current study was to investigate the perceptions of cancer health-care practitioners based in New Zealand and the USA related to psychedelic-assisted therapy.MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional survey of cancer health-care practitioners in New Zealand and the USA via convenience sampling to identify their perceptions about the concept of conducting psychedelic-assisted therapy with cancer patients.ResultsParticipants perceived that (1) psychedelic-assisted therapy has the potential to provide benefit for cancer patients, (2) research in this area across a variety of domains is important, (3) work should consider spiritual and indigenous perspectives of health, and (4) there was willingness to refer patients to trials in this area, especially patients with advanced disease who were no longer going through curative treatment. Participants in the USA had greater awareness of psychedelics than the New Zealand sample; however, New Zealand participants more strongly believed that spiritual/indigenous factors should be considered in psychedelic-assisted therapy.Significance of resultsCancer health-care practitioners in our sample considered research investigating the potential for psychedelic-assisted therapies to be important and may be more open to studies that start in palliative and end-of-life contexts.
The Real Manchurian Candidates: Chinese war criminals in the postwar, prisoners of history
Authors: Kushner Barak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Manchurian Candidate myth that Americans could be psychologically manipulated and turned into secret agents of a foreign power emerged in the early Cold War. The belief combined fears that Soviet/Chinese mind manipulators were so adept that they could transform honorable American soldiers into turncoats. However, while disquiet about the efficacy of communist brainwashing remained palpable in the aftermath of World War II, the result of China's communist treatment of prisoners of war did not create, as was greatly feared, actual Manchurian candidates capable of misleading their native publics once repatriated. If brainwashing in the American understanding of the term did not occur, what was the actual outcome and what sort of processes were used on Asians who were not part of the communist masses? We need to unravel the PRC's take on the processes of “thought reform” to understand why it kept returning to a policy designed to “re-educate” prisoners of war, often doubly labeled as war criminals. These policies not only reveal how the CCP aimed to render justice beyond the conclusion of its war with Japan but also demonstrate how this practice then grew into a later catalyst for unification plans in PRC-ROC relations during the 1970s.
Treatment with topiramate in rats during childhood causes testicular structural impairment at adulthood
Authors: Borges Lorena Ireno , Forcato Simone , do Nascimento Olanda Lays Cristine , Frigoli Giovanna Fachetti , Vidigal Camila Borecki , Moura Kawane Fabrício , Fernandes Glaura Scantamburlo A. , Franco Maria do Carmo Pinho , Ceravolo Graziela Scalianti , Gerardin Daniela Cristina Ceccatto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTopiramate (TOP) is a psychotropic drug prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy in children older than 2 years of age and for migraine prophylaxis in adolescents. There is evidence that TOP promotes negative effects on the reproductive system of male rats. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and late treatment effects of TOP during childhood and adolescence on the male rat reproductive system. Two experimental groups received 41 mg/kg of TOP daily, by gavage, from postnatal day (PND) 16 to 28 (TOPc group) or from PND 28 to 50 (TOPa group). Control groups (CTRc group or CTRa group) received water daily. Half of the anim–als were evaluated 24 h after the end of treatment (PND 29 and PND 51, respectively) and the remainder were evaluated in adulthood (PND120). The following parameters were determined: anogenital distance, sperm evaluation, testis’ histomorphometry and plasma testosterone concentration. At PND 120, the volume (CTRc:62.58 ± 2.13; TOPc: 54.54 ± 2.10*%, p = 0.018) and total length (CTRc: 25.48 ± 1.61; TOPc: 18.94 ± 2.41*, p = 0.035) of seminiferous tubules were decreased and the volume of interstitial tissue (CTRc:37.41 ± 2.13; TOPc: 45.45 ± 2.09*%, p = 0.018) and number of Leydig cells/testis (CTRc: 277.00 ± 36.70; TOPc: 400.20 ± 13.23*, p = 0.013) were increased in the TOPc group. The other parameters remained similar between the groups. Therefore, the present study contributes to our understanding that childhood treatment with TOP has an impact on the rat reproductive system in adulthood, suggesting that this period is more sensitive to TOP exposure than adolescence.
The Healthy Context Paradox: When Reducing Bullying comes at a Cost to Certain Victims
Authors: Lucas-Molina Beatriz , Pérez-Albéniz Alicia , Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBullying remains one of the most serious problems affecting school systems around the world. The negative consequences of bullying in the short and long term have been widely documented, showing that victimized students are at greater risk of suffering psychosocial distress. In this paper, we first summarize the current situation of bullying prevention, adopting a contextual perspective, and briefly highlighting the characteristics of the most effective prevention programs. Secondly, we address a disturbing phenomenon detected in classrooms where bullying has been reduced through interventions and which has been termed “the healthy context paradox”. In these healthier contexts, students who remain in a situation of victimization have been found to present poorer psychological adjustment after the intervention. Understanding the causes of this phenomenon may offer clues for the prevention of bullying. In this regard, we present three hypotheses recently proposed to explain the phenomenon. Finally, we offer some implications for the study and prevention of bullying derived from “the healthy context paradox”.
A Large Database of Lightning‐Induced Electron Precipitation Events
Authors: Pailoor Nikhil , Cohen Morris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLightning‐induced Electron Precipitation (LEP) events represent a known loss mechanism for radiation belt electrons. The quantitative role LEP events play in the radiation belt dyanmics, however, is not fully understood. Direct measurements of the D region of the ionosphere, where LEP electrons are deposited, are very limited. However, Very Low Frequency (VLF) remote sensing has for a long time been used to detect perturbations in the D region, in particular using the narrow‐frequency signals of VLF transmitting beacons. We present an automated neural‐network based search for LEP events using our network of VLF receivers in the continental US detecting, seeded by National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) lightning strokes. We arrive at a database of nearly 26000 LEP events over a span of 18 months within the continental USA. We find several notable patterns in the occurrence and behavior of events, such as 30.1% of events only containing disturbances in phase, and a substantially greater probability of perturbations in phase and major axis amplitude being negative.
Observed Impact of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) on a Continental Slope in the South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Han , Xie Xiaohui , Yang Chenghao , Qi Yongfeng , Tian Di , Xu Jiexin , Cai Shuqun , Wu Renhao , Ma Yunlong , Ni Xiaobo , Chen Dake 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMooring observations of nearly the full water column on the continental slope in the South China Sea revealed the ocean's response to Typhoon Mangkhut (2018). Mangkhut induced sea surface cooling ∼4°C that was biased to the right side of its track, which recovered with an e‐folding time after approximately 1 week. Mangkhut was a relatively fast‐moving typhoon and caused a fast near‐inertial response throughout the entire depth in its lee. The typhoon‐induced upper ocean (deep‐water) near‐inertial current velocities were >1.5 m/s (∼0.08 m/s), with an e‐folding time of approximately a week (2 weeks) and frequency of 1.04f (1.08f, where f is the local inertial frequency). The near‐inertial currents were near‐circular polarized in the upper ocean and near‐rectilinear polarized with the main axis in the across‐slope direction in deep water. The deep‐water near‐inertial waves amplified the vertical excursions of isotherms from ∼120 to ∼200 m, reduced the stratification, elevated vertical current shears, and enhanced turbulent dissipation rate, especially during 14–17 September when the effects of near‐inertial waves and diurnal spring tides overlapped. A net cooling ∼0.15°C and salinity increase ∼0.05 psu were observed in the deep ocean after Mangkhut. Typhoon‐induced near‐inertial waves may further contribute to the intensification of southwestward along‐slope mean near‐bottom currents. This study indicates the immediate influence of typhoon in deep‐water through near‐inertial waves and their contribution to the bottom mixing on the continental slope.
Atmospheric Deposition Over the Caribbean Region: Sea Salt and Saharan Dust Are Sources of Essential Elements on the Island of Guadeloupe
Authors: Xu‐Yang Yangjunjie , Dessert Céline , Losno Rémi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDust emitted from North Africa is transported over long distances and has a strong impact on large areas over the North Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Sea salt emitted by the sea surface is the second source of essential elements transported in the atmosphere and plays a major role in the cycles of alkaline‐earth metals in the ecosystems of tropical North Atlantic Islands. The total atmospheric deposition fluxes were continuously sampled on a weekly basis in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, from March 2015 to August 2018 (41 months). Elemental deposition fluxes, including Al, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Na, P, S, and Zn, were measured for all samples to provide the first long time series of atmospheric elemental deposition fluxes over the Lesser Antilles region. It is shown that: (a) the three sources of atmospheric deposits in Guadeloupe for the presented elements are sea salt (for K, Ca, Mg, Na, and S), long‐range transported Saharan dust (for Al, Ca, K, and Fe), and biogenic particles (for P and Zn); (b) the average deposition mass fluxes of sea salt and Saharan dust are 17.4 and 11.2 g.m−2.year−1, respectively, without noticeable inter‐annual variations; (c) a pronounced seasonality is found for the Saharan dust deposition, for which maximum flux values are observed between June and July each year and 85% of the annual deposition flux occurs between April and September; (d) the deposition flux of sea salt is strongly correlated to local wind speed, without seasonality.
Blockage of PPARγ T166 phosphorylation enhances the inducibility of beige adipocytes and improves metabolic dysfunctions
Authors: Yang Nanfei , Wang Yuxin , Tian Qiang , Wang Qiuping , Lu Yan , Sun Luchen , Wang Sijie , Bei Yuncheng , Ji Jianguo , Zhou Hu , Yang Wei , Yao Pengju , Zhu Wenyuan , Sun Lingyun , Huang Zhifeng , Li Xiaokun , Shen Pingping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBeige adipocytes in mammalian white adipose tissue (WAT) can reinforce fat catabolism and energy expenditure. Promoting beige adipocyte biogenesis is a tantalizing tactic for combating obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Here, we report that a previously unidentified phosphorylation pattern (Thr166) in the DNA-binding domain of PPARγ regulates the inducibility of beige adipocytes. This unique posttranslational modification (PTM) pattern influences allosteric communication between PPARγ and DNA or coactivators, which impedes the PPARγ-mediated transactivation of beige cell-related gene expression in WAT. The genetic mutation mimicking T166 phosphorylation (p-T166) hinders the inducibility of beige adipocytes. In contrast, genetic or chemical intervention in this PTM pattern favors beige cell formation. Moreover, inhibition of p-T166 attenuates metabolic dysfunction in obese mice. Our results uncover a mechanism involved in beige cell fate determination. Moreover, our discoveries provide a promising strategy for guiding the development of novel PPARγ agonists for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
American election results at the precinct level
Authors: Baltz Samuel , Agadjanian Alexander , Chin Declan , Curiel John , DeLuca Kevin , Dunham James , Miranda Jennifer , Phillips Connor Halloran , Uhlman Annabel , Wimpy Cameron , Zárate Marcos , Stewart Charles 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe describe the creation and quality assurance of a dataset containing nearly all available precinct-level election results from the 2016, 2018, and 2020 American elections. Precincts are the smallest level of election administration, and election results at this granularity are needed to address many important questions. However, election results are individually reported by each state with little standardization or data quality assurance. We have collected, cleaned, and standardized precinct-level election results from every available race above the very local level in almost every state across the last three national election years. Our data include nearly every candidate for president, US Congress, governor, or state legislator, and hundreds of thousands of precinct-level results for judicial races, other statewide races, and even local races and ballot initiatives. In this article we describe the process of finding this information and standardizing it. Then we aggregate the precinct-level results up to geographies that have official totals, and show that our totals never differ from the official nationwide data by more than 0.457%.
Difficulty with the preceding visual search affects brain activity in the following resting period
Authors: Takemoto Ayumi , Iwaki Sunao , Duo Zhoumao , Yasumuro Shinobu , Kumada Takatsune 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt has been well-documented that brain regions related to a task are activated during the task performance. We investigated whether brain activity and functional connectivity during the rest period are affected by the preceding task. Participants performed visual search tasks with three search conditions, which were followed by a rest period. During the rest period, participants were asked to look at the display that did not show any visual stimuli. In the result, brain activity in occipital and superior parietal regions would be deactivated by the preceding task during the rest period after visual search tasks. However, the activity of the inferior frontal gyrus during the rest period, which is also part of the attention network, was not affected by the brain activity during the preceding visual search task. We proposed a new model for explaining how the cognitive demands of the preceding visual search task regulate the attention network during the rest period after the task. In this model, the cognitive demand changes with task difficulty, which affects the brain activity even after removing the visual search task in the rest phase.
Conspiratorial thinking as a precursor to opposition to COVID-19 vaccination in the US: a multi-year study from 2018 to 2021
Authors: Romer Daniel , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite widespread availability of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines in the US, only about 66% of the eligible US population had taken the recommended initial doses of the COVID-19 vaccines as of April 2022. Explanations for this hesitancy have focused on misinformation about the vaccines, lack of trust in health authorities, and acceptance of conspiracy theories about the pandemic. Here we test whether those with a conspiratorial mindset, which distrusts a wide range of institutions, were poised to reject COVID vaccines before the pandemic even began. To answer that question, we reinterviewed members of a national US panel that we had previously surveyed beginning in 2018. As hypothesized, having a conspiratorial mindset in 2019 predicted COVID-vaccination hesitancy in 2021 better than prior trust in health authorities or acceptance of vaccine misinformation. Those with the mindset were also more likely to consume media that bolstered belief in pandemic conspiracies. Research is needed on the determinants of conspiratorial mindset and ways to minimize the likelihood that consequential health decisions will be influenced by it.
Direct observation of positron capture process at the positron source of the superKEKB B-factory
Authors: Suwada Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA direct simultaneous detection of electron ($$e^-$$e-) and positron ($$e^+$$e+) bunches was successfully performed using wideband beam monitors and a detection system at the$$e^+$$e+capture section of the SuperKEKB B-factory. The time intervals between the secondary-generated$$e^-$$e-and$$e^+$$e+bunches were measured to investigate their dynamical capture process. The results show that the time intervals were measured in the range of 20–280 ps on average, and the line-order switch of the$$e^-$$e-and$$e^+$$e+bunches and their dynamical phase-slip process in the axial direction were clearly observed as a function of the capture phase of accelerating structures. In this report, the dynamical capture and phase-slip process for the$$e^-$$e-and$$e^+$$e+bunches under the two-bunch acceleration scheme is described in detail. This study opens up a new window for direct observation of the$$e^-$$e-and$$e^+$$e+capture process at any present and future$$e^+$$e+sources.
The comprehensive characterization of Prosopis juliflora pods as a potential bioenergy feedstock
Authors: Gayathri G. , Uppuluri Kiran Babu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe production of renewable and sustainable biofuels using inevitable wastes is a promising alternative to the alarming depletion of fossil fuels. Significantly, the sustainable biorefinery of lignocellulosic waste, as an alternative fuel source, is a prognosticating approach to tackle many agricultural/forestry residues and offers a circular economy as well as environmental benefits. But, the heterogeneity of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the major bottlenecks in lignocellulosic biorefinery. Thus the characterization of lignocellulosic biomass is essential to understanding the feedstock's nature, composition and suitability for biofuel production. The present study taps evergreen spiny non-edible pods ofProsopis juliflora(Pj) as an energy feedstock. Proximate, ultimate and biochemical characterization of Pj pods were conducted, and thermal behaviour and calorific values were determined. Cellulose and hemicellulose were isolated and characterized by reliable methods. The overall characterization has revealed the Pj pods as a potential feedstock for bioenergy. The collected Pj pods contain (% w/w) moisture 7.89 ± 0.002, volatile matter 87.67 ± 0.002, ash 0.21 ± 0.002, fixed carbon 4.23 ± 0.002 with a calorific value of 17.62 kg/MJ. The CHNS content was (w/w %) carbon 41.77, nitrogen 3.58, sulfur 26.3 and hydrogen 6.55. The biochemical composition analysis yields (% w/w) on a dry basis; cellulose 26.6 ± 0.18, hemicellulose 30.86 ± 0.27, lignin 4.71 ± 0.12, protein 11.63 ± 0.12 and starch 1.1 ± 0.06 and extractives 30.56 ± 0.008. The isolated cellulose and hemicellulose were analyzed and confirmed by CP/MAS &1H NMR, FTIR, TG-DSC, SEM, XRD, and TGA. The present results revealed that the tested biomass,Prosopis juliflora, could be used as a feedstock in biorefinery for bioenergy.
Heavy metals in children's blood from the rural region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study and spatial analysis
Authors: Mbunga Branly Kilola , Gjengedal Elin L. F. , Bangelesa Freddy , Langfjord Mina M. , Bosonkie Marc M. , Strand Tor A. , Mapatano Mala Ali , Engebretsen Ingunn M. S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExposure to heavy metals can affect cell differentiation, neurocognitive development, and growth during early life, even in low doses. Little is known about heavy metal exposure and its relationship with nutrition outcomes in non-mining rural environments. We carried out a community-based cross-sectional study to describe the distribution of four heavy metal concentrations [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)] in the serum of a representative population of children aged 12 to 59 months old from the rural region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo. The four metals were measured in 412 samples using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Limits of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) were set. Percentiles were reported. Statistical and geospatial bivariate analyses were performed to identify relationships with other nutrition outcomes. Arsenic was quantified in 59.7%, while Cd, Hg, and Pb were quantified in less than 10%, all without toxicities. The arsenic level was negatively associated with the zinc level, while the Hg level was positively associated with the selenium level. This common detection of As in children of Popokabaka requires attention, and urgent drinking water exploration and intervention for the profit of the Popokabaka community should be considered.