bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Paleozoic Shoshonitic Magmatism in the Southwestern Middle Tianshan (Tajikistan) of the Southwestern Altaids: Implications for Slab Roll-Back With Extensional Arc-Related Basins After Flat Subduction
Authors: Khalimov Gufron , Yang He , Sang Miao , Xiao Wenjiao , Mamadjanov Yunus , Aminov Jovid , Yogibekov Dzhovid , Liu Xijun 
Published: May 2022

Paleozoic magmatic rocks are widespread in the western Middle Tianshan. Their petrogenesis can provide important insights into the geodynamic evolution of the southwestern Altaids. Here, we present an integrated study of U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemical and Lu–Hf isotopic compositions for the Late Paleozoic shoshonitic Chorukhdairon pluton and genetically and spatially related quartz porphyry in the southern Chatkal–Kurama terrane, western Middle Tianshan. The Chorukhdairon pluton mainly comprises monzodiorite and quartz monzodiorite (first phase), quartz monzonite (second and main phase), monzogranite (third phase), and leucomonzogranite (fourth phase). LA–ICP–MS zircon dating yielded magma crystallization ages of 294–291 Ma and 286 Ma for the Chorukhdairon pluton and quartz porphyry, respectively. All the rocks possess high K2O content (3.29–5.90 wt.%) and show an affinity with shoshonite series rocks. They display similar trace element compositions characterized by the enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, Th, U, and K) and depletion of high-field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, P, and Ti), compatible with typical arc magmatism. Combined with zircon Lu–Hf isotopic data, we suggest that the Chorukhdairon pluton was produced by partial melting of the enriched mantle, followed by fractional crystallization of pyroxenes, amphibole, plagioclase, biotite, and accessory Fe–Ti oxides, apatite, and zircon. The quartz porphyries are similar to highly fractionated I-type granitic rocks, and their parental magma could result from the mixing of different batches of mantle-derived magmas or magmas derived from the mantle and juvenile lower crust. Considering the continuousness of the Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatism in the western Middle Tianshan and other regional geological data, we suggest that the Chorukhdairon pluton and related quartz porphyry probably formed in an oceanic subduction setting. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial evolution of the Paleozoic magmatism imply that the flat-slab subduction that was induced by the subduction/accretion of seamounts probably occurred beneath the Middle Tianshan during the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous, after which the southeastward slab roll-back occurred during the Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian. The late slab roll-back was responsible for the southeastward arc magmatism migration and magmatic flare-up in the Chatkal–Kurama terrane, western Tianshan, and led to the formation of arc-related extensional basins and significant crustal growth in the southwestern Altaids.
Dietary Feeding Lycopene, Citric Acid, and Chlorella Alleviated the Neurotoxicity of Polyethylene Microplastics in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Hamed Mohamed , Soliman Hamdy A. M. , Eid Zainab , Al Naggar Yahya , Sayed Alaa El-Din H. 
Published: May 2022

A few studies assessed how natural products can protect fish from the neurotoxic effects of Microplastics (MPs). Therefore, the goal of this study was to look into the neurotoxicity of PE-MPs on the brain tissue of African catfish (C. gariepinus), and whether dietary feeding on Chlorella, citric acid, and lycopene could help alleviate their toxicity. Five groups of fish were used: The first group received a standard diet (control). The second group was fed 500 mg/kg PE-MP. The third group was fed PE-MP + lycopene (500 mg/kg diet). The fourth group was fed PE-MP + citric acid (30 g/kg diet). And the fifth group was fed PE-MP + Chlorella (50 g/kg diet) for 15 days. The activities of Acetylcholinesterase (Ach), Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), Aldehyde Oxidase (AO), and Nitric Oxide (NO), and the histological effect on brain tissues were then assessed. The activity of the four neurological biomarker enzymes investigated was altered significantly in fish subjected to PE-MP alone compared with the control group. For fish exposed to PE-MP with lycopene, citric acid, or Chlorella, the activities of these neurological enzymes significantly improved particularly with Chlorella compared with fish fed PE-MP individually. Histological investigations illustrated that being subjected to PE-MPs effected cellular alterations in the telencephalon, including diffuse distorted and degraded neurons, encephalomalacia, aggregated neuroglial cells (gliosis), as well as deformed and necrotic neurons, neuropil vacuolation (spongiosis), aggregated neuroglial cells (gliosis), pyknotic neurons, and shrunken Purkinje cells which were found in the cerebellum. Most histological alterations induced by exposure to PE-MP feeding were restored by dietary feeding on Chlorella, citric acid, and lycopene. Accordingly, this study recommends using citric acid, lycopene, and Chlorella as a natural remedy against MP neurotoxicity particularly with Chlorella.
Neutrophil Count Predicts Malignant Cerebellar Edema and Poor Outcome in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Receiving Endovascular Treatment: A Nationwide Registry-Based Study
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Fengli , Liu Shuai , Chen Qiong , Sang Hongfei , Yang Qingwu , Zhou Kai , Zi Wenji 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAcute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) is known to have a poor outcome with a high rate of morbidity and mortality despite endovascular treatment (EVT), highlighting the necessities of exploring factors to limit the efficacy of EVT in these patients. Cerebellar infarctions in ABAO might progress to malignant cerebellar edema (MCE), a life-threatening complication after reperfusion, posing a secondary injury to the brainstem by mass effects. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the impacts of MCE on a long-term outcome and investigate the prognostic factors for MCE among ABAO after EVT.MethodsIn the national BASILAR registry, a total of 329 ABO patients with cerebellar infarctions treated by EVT met the inclusion criteria. The presence of MCE defined by the Jauss scale ≥4 points, was evaluated on the computed tomography performed 72 h after EVT. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI were obtained by logistic regression models. A favorable outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–3.ResultsMCE was statistically associated with the decreased incidence of a favorable outcome [adjusted odds ratio, 0.35(95% CI, 0.18-0.68), P=0.002]. The baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, collateral circulation, neutrophil count at admission, and recanalization status were predictors for MCE and a favorable functional status at 90 days (all P&lt;0.05). Among all inflammatory factors, the neutrophil count achieved the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for MCE. Adding the neutrophil count status into the baseline model obviously enhanced its prediction ability for MCE and favorable outcome by increasing the area under curve and achieving both net reclassification and integrated discrimination improvement (all P&lt;0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that MCE mediated the association between the increased neutrophil count and worse functional outcome (P=0.026).DiscussionMCE acted essential roles in worsening prognosis for ABAO after EVT. A high neutrophil count at admission was linked to MCE and a poor outcome among ABAO patients, which could be further incorporated into the clinical decision-making system and guide immunomodulation therapy.
Adult Vaccination as a Protective Factor for Dementia: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Population-Based Observational Studies
Authors: Wu Xinhui , Yang Haixia , He Sixian , Xia Ting , Chen Diang , Zhou Yexin , Liu Jin , Liu MengSi , Sun Zhen 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCommon vaccinations may have impacts on dementia risk, but current evidence is inconsistent. We therefore investigated the association between vaccinations and dementia risk by systematic review and meta-analysis approach.MethodsWe conducted an extensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify studies that compared the risk of dementia in vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled as measures.ResultsOf the 9124 records initially retrieved, 17 studies with 1857134 participants were included in our analysis. The overall pooled results showed that vaccinations were associated with a 35% lower dementia risk (HR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.60-0.71, Poverall effect &lt; 0.001; I2 =91.8%, Pheterogeneity&lt;0.001). All types of vaccination were associated with a trend toward reduced dementia risk, with rabies (HR=0.43), tetanus &amp; diphtheria &amp; pertussis (Tdap) (HR=0.69), herpes zoster (HR=0.69), influenza (HR=0.74), hepatitis A (HR=0.78), typhoid (HR=0.80), and hepatitis B (HR=0.82) vaccinations being significant. Individuals with more full vaccination types and more annual influenza vaccinations were less likely to develop dementia. Gender and age had no effect on this association.ConclusionRoutine adult vaccinations are associated with a significant reduction in dementia risk and may be an effective strategy for dementia prevention. Further research is needed to elucidate the causal effects of this association and the underlying mechanisms.
PRKAR1A and SDCBP Serve as Potential Predictors of Heart Failure Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Qixin , Su Lina , Liu Chuanfen , Gao Fu , Chen Hong , Yin Qijin , Li Sufang 
Published: May 2022

Background and ObjectivesEarly diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who are at a high risk of heart failure (HF) progression remains controversial. This study aimed at identifying new predictive biomarkers of post-AMI HF and at revealing the pathogenesis of HF involving these marker genes.Methods and ResultsA transcriptomic dataset of whole blood cells from AMI patients with HF progression (post-AMI HF, n = 16) and without progression (post-AMI non-HF, n = 16) was analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The results indicated that one module consisting of 720 hub genes was significantly correlated with post-AMI HF. The hub genes were validated in another transcriptomic dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (post-AMI HF, n = 9; post-AMI non-HF, n = 8). PRKAR1A, SDCBP, SPRED2, and VAMP3 were upregulated in the two datasets. Based on a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of leukocytes from heart tissues of normal and infarcted mice, PRKAR1A was further verified to be upregulated in monocytes/macrophages on day 2, while SDCBP was highly expressed in neutrophils on day 2 and in monocytes/macrophages on day 3 after AMI. Cell–cell communication analysis via the “CellChat” package showed that, based on the interaction of ligand–receptor (L–R) pairs, there were increased autocrine/paracrine cross-talk networks of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils in the acute stage of MI. Functional enrichment analysis of the abovementioned L–R genes together with PRKAR1A and SDCBP performed through the Metascape platform suggested that PRKAR1A and SDCBP were mainly involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that PRKAR1A and SDCBP, as well as their combination, had a promising prognostic value in the identification of AMI patients who were at a high risk of HF progression.ConclusionThis study identified that PRKAR1A and SDCBP may serve as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of post-AMI HF and also revealed their potentially regulatory mechanism during HF progression.
Abundance and Diversity of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Degradation Genes of Roseobacter Group in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Sun Fulin , Wang Youshao , Jiang Zhaoyu , Sun Cuici , Wang Yutu , Wu Meilin 
Published: May 2022

Bacterial degradation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) plays a significant role in ecosystem productivity and global climate. In this study, the abundance and diversity of Roseobacter group DMSP degradation genes were explored in spatial scale of the South China Sea (SCS). Quantitative PCR showed that a higher abundance of dmdA (DMSP demethylase) and dddP (DMSP lyase) genes was detected above 75 m than deep water, especially in surface water. A high ratio of dmdA/dddP existed in all sites and increased with water depth, indicating that demethylation was the main degradation pathway in the Roseobacter group. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that distribution of dmdA gene had a significant layering structure in the northern SCS, and high taxonomic diversity of dmdA gene was observed in near-surface waters (25 and 50 m). DmdA gene in the Roseobacter group, such as Leisingera, Nioella, Roseobacter, Roseovarius, Donghicola, Phaeobacter, and Tateyamaria, had remarkable specificity due to the effect of different sites and water depths. Different ecological strategies of DMSP degradation may be used by members of the bacterial community harboring demethylation genes. In addition, many dmdA sequences were affiliated with unidentified bacteria, indicating that the SCS reserved high diversity of DMSP-degrading bacteria. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested that temperature and depth were the most important factors to determine the taxonomic distribution of DMSP degradation genes in the Roseobacter group, as well as their abundance. This study highlighted the understanding of the role of Roseobacter group in DMSP degradation in the tropical ocean.
Study on the Variation Pattern and Influencing Factors of Poisson’s Ratio of Bamboo
Authors: Lu Haojie , Lian Hongyang , Xu Jiayu , Ma Niuniu , Zhou Zhezhe , Song Yuanpu , Yu Youming , Zhang Xiaochun 
Published: May 2022

As a natural polymer material, bamboo is regarded as a super material with lightweight but excellent mechanical properties. With the increasing application of bamboo in structures, high-strength composite materials, bridges, musical instruments, and damping materials, the study of Poisson’s ratio is of great significance to the structural design and stability of these materials. In this work, Poisson’s ratio of bamboo for different ages, growth heights, and bamboo wall radial positions were determined by electrical measurement. The relationships between intrinsic factors (density, chemical composition, crystallinity, and microfibril angle) and Poisson’s ratio were also analyzed. The results showed that Poisson’s ratio of bamboo for different ages and locations ranged from 0.180 to 0.334, decreased with the increasing bamboo age, growth height, and the radial position from the outer layer to the inner layer. While the peak values of Poisson’s ratio were obtained at bamboo of 2 years old, lower growth height, and near the outer layer of the bamboo. Furthermore, the Poisson’s ratio had a positive correlation with the increasing density, cellulose content, and MFA, but a negative correlation with lignin content. There is no direct relationship between the crystallinity and Poisson’s ratio, but it affects the axial and transverse deformation of bamboo, which can be used as an indirect index to judge Poisson’s ratio.
Trends in Influenza Vaccination Rates in Participants With Airflow Limitation: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018
Authors: Lee Hyun , Choi Hayoung , Jo Yong Suk 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundInfluenza vaccination is strongly recommended for people with chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to reduce risk of exacerbation. We assess the influenza vaccination rate and its related factors in participants with airflow limitation (AFL) using nationally representative data in Korea.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018. Individuals ≥ 40 years who underwent spirometry and had identifiable information on influenza vaccination status were included.ResultsOverall influenza vaccination coverage was 61.2% in participants with AFL and 41.8% in participants without AFL. Age had a significant impact on the yearly vaccination rate in participants with AFL. Over the 10 years of study period, while the yearly vaccination rate steadily increased from 58.3 to 61.9% in elderly participants (≥65 years) with AFL (p for trend = 0.117), the yearly vaccination rate decreased from 41.5% to 30.8% in younger participants (&lt;65 years) (p for trend = 0.038). In multivariable analyses, younger age [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for unvaccinated = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87–0.90], male (adjusted OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.23–2.19), and current smokers (adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.01–2.00) were associated with increased odds of being unvaccinated.ConclusionsThe vaccination rate in participants with AFL affected by age. Younger age, male sex, and current smoking were associated with unvaccinated status. More attention and targeted interventions are required to improve the influenza vaccination rate in those with AFL.
Immunotherapy in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Present or Future? Multi-Target Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression and Microsatellite Instability
Authors: Montella Marco , Sabetta Rosalaura , Ronchi Andrea , De Sio Marco , Arcaniolo Davide , De Vita Ferdinando , Tirino Giuseppe , Caputo Alessandro , D’Antonio Antonio , Fiorentino Francesco , Facchini Gaetano , Lauro Giovanni Di , Perdonà Sisto , Ventriglia Jole , Aquino Gabriella , Feroce Florinda , Borges Dos Reis Rodolfo , Neder Luciano , Brunelli Matteo , Franco Renato , Zito Marino Federica 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPenile cancer (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy, and the patients at advanced stages have currently limited treatment options with disappointing results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are currently changing the treatment of several tumors. Furthermore, the microsatellite instability (MSI) and the deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) proteins represent predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint therapy. Until present, few data have been reported related to PD-L1 expression and MSI in PC. The main aim of our study was the evaluation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in immune cells and the analysis of dMMR/MSI status in a large series of PCs.MethodsA series of 72 PC, including 65 usual squamous cell carcinoma (USCC), 1 verrucous, 4 basaloid, 1 warty, and 1 mixed (warty-basaloid), was collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assess PD-L1 expression using two different anti-PD-L1 antibodies (clone SP263 and SP142 Ventana) and MMR proteins expression using anti-MLH1, anti-PMS2, anti-MSH2, and anti-MSH6 antibodies. PCR analysis was performed for the detection of MSI status.ResultsOf the 72 PC cases analyzed by IHC, 45 (62.5%) cases were TC positive and 57 (79%) cases were combined positive score (CPS) using PDL1 SP263. In our cohort, TILs were present in 62 out of 72 cases (86.1%), 47 (75.8%) out of 62 cases showed positivity to PDL1 clone SP142. In our series, 59 cases (82%) had pMMR, 12 cases (16.7%) had lo-paMMR, and only 1 case (1.3%) had MMR. PCR results showed that only one case lo-paMMR was MSI-H, and the case dMMR by IHC not confirmed MSI status.ConclusionOur findings showed that PD-L1 expression and MSI status represent frequent biological events in this tumor suggesting a rationale for a new frontier in the treatment of patients with PC based on the immune checkpoint inhibitors.
The Effect of Pregabalin on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Müller Johannes , Plöchl Walter , Mühlbacher Paul , Graf Alexandra , Stimpfl Thomas , Hamp Thomas 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPregabalin is commonly used perioperatively to reduce post-operative pain and opioid consumption and to prevent the development of chronic pain. It has been shown to reduce anesthetic consumption in balanced anesthesia, but studies investigating its effect on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of volatile anesthetics are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different doses of pregabalin on the MAC of sevoflurane.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical study, 75 patients were assigned to receive placebo, 300 mg pregabalin, or 150 mg pregabalin, as a capsule 1 h before anesthesia induction with sevoflurane only. After equilibration, the response to skin incision (movement vs. non-movement) was monitored. The MAC was assessed using an up- and down-titration method.ResultsThe MAC of sevoflurane was estimated as 2.16% (95% CI, 2.07–2.32%) in the placebo group, 1.44% (95% CI, 1.26–1.70%) in the 300 mg pregabalin group, and 1.81% (95% CI, 1.49–2.13%) in the 150 mg pregabalin group. We therefore report a 33% reduction in the MAC of sevoflurane in the 300 mg pregabalin group as compared to placebo. The MAC of the 150 mg pregabalin group was reduced by 16% as compared to placebo but was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe administration of 300 mg pregabalin reduced the MAC of sevoflurane by 33%, while the administration of 150 mg pregabalin did not significantly reduce the MAC of sevoflurane. Pregabalin use led to a small reduction in post-operative pain levels but increased side effects in a dose-dependent manner.