bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity in the bone marrow niche: Classic and novel strategies to uncover niche composition
Authors: Sánchez‐Lanzas Raúl , Kalampalika Foteini , Ganuza Miguel 
Published: July 2022

SummaryOur view on the role and composition of the bone marrow (BM) has dramatically changed over time from a simple nutrient for the bone to a highly complex multicellular tissue that sustains haematopoiesis. Among these cells, multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are predominantly quiescent, possess unique self‐renewal capacity and multilineage differentiation potential and replenish all blood lineages to maintain lifelong haematopoiesis. Adult HSCs reside in specialised BM niches, which support their functions. Much effort has been put into deciphering HSC niches due to their potential clinical relevance. Multiple cell types have been implicated as HSC‐niche components including sinusoidal endothelium, perivascular stromal cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, osteoblasts and sympathetic nerves. In this review we provide a historical perspective on how technical advances, from genetic mouse models to imaging and high‐throughput sequencing techniques, are unveiling the plethora of molecular cues and cellular components that shape the niche and regulate HSC functions.
Phase I study of the irreversible fibroblast growth factor receptor 1–4 inhibitor futibatinib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Doi Toshihiko , Shitara Kohei , Kojima Takashi , Kuboki Yasutoshi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Bando Hideaki , Yoh Kiyotaka , Naito Yoichi , Hirai Hiroshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Kato Terufumi , Morizane Chigusa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis phase I study was designed to: (1) determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor futibatinib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors, and (2) examine the antitumor activity of the RD in patients with gastric cancer (GC) or other advanced solid tumors who have FGFR or FGF/FGFR abnormalities, respectively. In the dose‐escalation phase, patients were assigned to 21‐day cycles of oral futibatinib 8–160 mg three times a week (TIW) or 16 or 20 mg once daily (QD). In the expansion phase, patients received oral futibatinib 56, 80, or 120 mg TIW, or 16 or 20 mg QD. Eighty‐three patients received futibatinib TIW (n = 40) or QD (n = 43). No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed according to the final study protocol definition, and the MTD was not reached. The most common adverse events with both regimens were hyperphosphatemia (TIW, 82.5%; QD, 100.0%) and decreased appetite (TIW, 40.0%; QD, 58.1%). Hyperphosphatemia was asymptomatic, not leading to futibatinib discontinuation. The overall response rate (ORR) was 11.5% in patients with FGF/FGFR abnormalities. Notably, in GC patients harboring FGFR2 copy number (CN) ≥10, the ORR was 36.4% versus 0 in patients with CN <10. Therefore, futibatinib had a generally predictable and manageable safety profile in patients with advanced solid tumors. Antitumor activity was seen in patients with FGF/FGFR abnormalities, particularly those with GC and high FGFR2 CNs. Thus, futibatinib 20 mg QD was chosen as the RD for phase II studies.
Pathways to parenting stress reduction among parents in South Africa
Authors: Massarwi Adeem Ahmad , Cluver Lucie , Meinck Franziska , Doubt Jenny , Green Ohad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParenting stress has a range of effects on parents and their children. Despite existing evidence on the effectiveness of family‐based interventions on reducing parenting stress, little is known about the mechanism of change that contributes to its reduction. This study investigates the mechanism of change in a parenting programme (Parenting for Lifelong Health [PLH]) on reducing parenting stress among parents of adolescents in South Africa. A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among a total sample of 552 parents and primary caregivers (aged,M = 49.37;SD = 14.69) who were recruited from 40 communities in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province. A mediation analysis was performed to investigate direct and indirect effects using PROCESS macrostatistical software. The findings of the study indicate that parenting stress reduction operates via three significant mediators: improved parent–child relationship (β = 0.058,P < 0.000), reduced parental depression (β = −0.103,P < 0.000) and reduced family financial strain (β = −0.049,P < 0.000). The findings of the study highlight the importance of considering child, parental and contextual factors in the design and development of interventions aimed at reducing parenting stress in families in low‐ and middle‐income settings.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to Piperamido Nitrotoluene in pharmaceutical workers: A case series
Authors: Hollywood Aoife , Bourke John F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundImatinib mesylate is a first‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Piperamido Nitrotoluene, also known as F5, is an intermediate used in the manufacturing of imatinib. We present a case series of allergic contact dermatitis to F5 in pharmaceutical workers.MethodsFour male pharmaceutical workers were referred between 2007 and 2021 with new dermatitis predominantly affecting the periorbital region. All were involved in the production of imatinib and particularly exposed to F5. Following medical history and examination, they underwent patch testing to standard series and F5 diluted in white soft paraffin (WSP).ResultsAll patients tested positive confirming a diagnosis of contact allergy to F5. The first case tested positive to F5 diluted to 1% in WSP, the second to F5 diluted to 10% in WSP and the third and fourth to F5 diluted to 1% and 10% in WSP. In all four cases, dermatitis resolved when they were removed from exposure to F5.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, these are the first cases of allergic contact dermatitis to F5 confirmed by patch testing in the literature. In February 2016, a generic formulation of imatinib entered the market. Globalized production of imatinib may result in further cases presenting to dermatology departments worldwide.
Learning curves for minimally invasive total mesorectal excision beyond the competency phase – a risk‐adjusted cumulative sum analysis of 1000 rectal resections
Authors: Kazi Mufaddal , Sukumar Vivek , Bankar Sanket , Kapadia Raj , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe learning curve of total mesorectal excision (TME) by minimally invasive surgery (MIS) beyond the competency phase has not been adequately reported with large numbers or using a statistical control limit. The aim of this work was to study the learning curve of MIS TME in the proficiency phase.MethodRisk‐adjusted (RA) cumulative sum (CUSUM) and RA Bernoulli CUSUM charts were plotted for sequential MIS TME performed by a surgical team over 1000 cases. Surgical failure, a composite endpoint of conversions, complications of grade IIIA or above, R1 resections and inadequate nodal yield were used to monitor the performance.ResultsThe RA CUSUM detected an inflection point around the 600th operation. Two peaks were identified that could be traced back to probable causes of surgical failure. Similar inflection points were detected at the 450th case for laparoscopic TME and the 367th case for sphincter preservation. No single definite threshold point was noticed for robotic or abdominoperineal operations. At no point did the curves cross the safety threshold. The probability of surgical failure reduced with increasing experience in the multivariate regression (OR 0.899, p = 0.000). This association persisted irrespective of the surgical approach (laparoscopic versus robotic) or the type of operation (sphincter preservation versus abdominoperineal resection).ConclusionThe learning curves for MIS TME did not cross the safety threshold beyond the competency phase. However, a 10% reduction of relative risk in surgical failure was observed for every 100 cases operated on.
Free word association analysis of Germans' attitudes toward insects
Authors: Vlasák‐Drücker Jasmin , Eylering Annike , Drews Jasmin , Hillmer Gesa , Carvalho Hilje Vera , Fiebelkorn Florian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the results of two free word association tests were analyzed to gain insight into Germans' attitudes toward insects. We used a novel approach in the form of an association network with the help of the software “Gephi” that was originally developed for social network analysis. The influence of attitude on the willingness to donate (WTD) and actual donation to an insect conservation project was investigated as well. Data collection was conducted via an online questionnaire (n = 515; Mage = 49.36, SD = 16.73; female = 50.1%). For the first test, participants listed three associations for the prompt “insect.” The associations were assigned to the three components of attitude: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. For the second test, participants named insects they pictured when thinking about “insects.” The results were taxonomically classified. The WTD was assessed with a Likert‐type scale and an actual donation could be made at the end of the online questionnaire. “Bee” was the most frequently named association, followed by “useful,” “nature,” “pollination,” and “pesky.” “Pesky” was most often named with “useful,” indicating that being aware of insects' usefulness is not enough to supersede negative associations. In the second test, only 6% of the associations were on the species level, which suggests little taxonomic knowledge about or interest in insects. Linear regression revealed that positive affective associations had a positive influence on the WTD and negative affective associations had a negative influence on the WTD, both with a small effect size. We advise educating people not only about the usefulness of insects but also fostering positive, personal encounters to increase positive affective associations and decrease negative ones.
Written information and health professionals are the information sources about alcohol use in pregnancy most often used by pregnant women
Authors: Tsang Tracey W. , Kingsland Melanie , Doherty Emma , Anderson Amy E. , Tully Belinda , Ward Sarah , Wiggers John , Elliott Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol use in pregnancy remains common in Australia, despite national guidelines recommending that pregnant women abstain. The aims of this study were to investigate where pregnant women obtain information about alcohol use in pregnancy and the relationship between the information source used and women's demographic characteristics and alcohol use.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional survey of pregnant women attending public maternity services in the Hunter New England region (New South Wales), women were asked, ‘Where did you get information to help you make decisions about alcohol use during pregnancy?’. The number and types of information sources were analysed using descriptive statistics. Associations between women's information sources, and their demographic characteristics and alcohol use in pregnancy were assessed using chi‐square tests and logistic regression.ResultsOf 4511 pregnant women surveyed, 80.1% used at least one type of information source (range 0–5). Written/electronic information (45.4%), health providers (37.6%) and family/friends (19.5%) were the sources most reported. Higher use of written/electronic information, antenatal health providers and family/friends was associated with first pregnancy, younger age and higher education. The type of information source used was associated with alcohol use in pregnancy. Women who reported alcohol use were more likely to receive information from written/electronic sources. Almost 20% of women (older, multiparous [>1 pregnancy] and more highly educated) obtained no information regarding alcohol use in pregnancy.Discussion and ConclusionsAntenatal providers should routinely provide information on alcohol use in pregnancy, including for women least likely to access available information.
TOTUM‐63, a plant‐based polyphenol‐rich extract, improves glycaemic control in subjects with prediabetes or early stage newly‐diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Sirvent Pascal , Chavanelle Vivien , Otero Yolanda F. , Bargetto Maxime , Le Joubioux Florian , Boisseau Nathalie , Maugard Thierry , Cazaubiel Murielle , Pereira Bruno , Guigas Bruno , Hadjadj Samy , Peltier Sebastien L. , Marette André , Bard Jean‐Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe plant‐based polyphenol‐rich extract TOTUM‐63 improves glucose homeostasis in various preclinical models of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A pilot exploratory study showed that TOTUM‐63 has good safety and tolerability profiles, and beneficial effects on postprandial glucose control in healthy individuals with overweight. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of TOTUM‐63 on glycaemic control in individuals with prediabetes or early stage newly‐diagnosed T2D (which does not require pharmacological treatment).Materials and MethodsThis study was a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Individuals with prediabetes or early stage newly‐diagnosed T2D and with overweight/abdominal obesity received TOTUM‐63 (5 g/day) or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was the change in fasting blood glucose.ResultsFifty‐one participants (age: 57.1 ± 10 years; body mass index: 31.3 ± 5.7 kg.m2; 35 women and 16 men) completed the study (n = 38 TOTUM‐63, n = 13 placebo). After 6 months, blood glucose concentration after fasting and after the 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test was reduced in the TOTUM‐63‐treated group compared with the placebo group (placebo‐corrected difference between baseline and month 6: −0.71 mmol/L, p < .05, and −1.93 mmol/L, p < .05, respectively). TOTUM‐63 was safe and well tolerated and significantly reduced body weight gain (−1.9 kg; p < .05), waist circumference (−4.5 cm; p < .001), circulating triglycerides (−0.54 mmol/L; p < .01) and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (−0.38 mmol/L; p < .05) compared with placebo.ConclusionsTOTUM‐63 lowered fasting blood glucose in participants with impaired fasting glycaemia and glucose intolerance. Moreover, TOTUM‐63 showed a good safety and tolerability profile and improved several metabolic syndrome features. Therefore, TOTUM‐63 is a promising candidate for T2D prevention.
Long‐term efficacy of bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation in the parkinsonism of SCA 3: A rare case report
Authors: Kuo Ming‐Che , Tai Chun‐Hwei , Tseng Sheng‐Hong , Wu Ruey‐Meei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder that manifests as a mixture of cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism, and polyneuropathy; in type IV SCA3, pure parkinsonism is the only symptom. Currently, no disease‐modifying treatment is available, but variable responses to antiparkinsonism agents have been reported. However, the benefits of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treating parkinsonism in this subtype of SCA3 remain unclear.MethodsA 39‐year‐old male patient with a rare disorder of type IV SCA3 presented with pure parkinsonism including unilateral resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia at the age of 30 years. Young‐onset Parkinson disease was diagnosed at the age of 32 years. His family history revealed a mild ataxia in his father since the age of 55 years. Genetic testing confirmed an expanded CAG repeated number, with 66 in this case and 63 in his father for SCA3 mutation. Excellent response to levodopa and dopamine agonists in the first 3 years was noted, but wearing‐off phenomena, levodopa‐induced dyskinesia, and severe impulse control disorders later developed. To alleviate drug‐induced complications, he received bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) in the absence of cerebellar signs, depression, and cognitive impairment.ResultsAs of 2019, no impulsive control disorders, motor fluctuations, or DBS‐related complications were observed during a 4‐year follow‐up, with 66% Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III reduction at medication OFF state noted, whereas levodopa equivalent daily dosage decreased by almost half.ConclusionsSTN‐DBS may be considered as adjunct treatment for severe dopa‐related motor/nonmotor complications in patients with parkinsonian phenotype of SCA 3.
Association of plasma neurofilament light chain with disease activity in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Kapoor Mahima , Carr Aisling , Foiani Martha , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Malaspina Andrea , Compton Laura , Hutton Elspeth , Rossor Alexander , Reilly Mary M. , Lunn Michael P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to explore associations between plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) concentration (pg/ml) and disease activity in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and examine the usefulness of pNfL concentrations in determining disease remission.MethodsWe examined pNfL concentrations in treatment‐naïve CIDP patients (n = 10) before and after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) induction treatment, in pNfL concentrations in patients on maintenance IVIg treatment who had stable (n = 15) versus unstable disease (n = 9), and in clinically stable IVIg‐treated patients (n = 10) in whom we suspended IVIg to determine disease activity and ongoing need for maintenance IVIg. pNfL concentrations in an age‐matched healthy control group were measured for comparison.ResultsAmong treatment‐naïve patients, pNfL concentration was higher in patients before IVIg treatment than healthy controls and subsequently reduced to be comparable to control group values after IVIg induction. Among CIDP patients on IVIg treatment, pNfL concentration was significantly higher in unstable patients than stable patients. A pNFL concentration > 16.6 pg/ml distinguished unstable treated CIDP from stable treated CIDP (sensitivity = 86.7%, specificity = 66.7%, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.73). Among the treatment withdrawal group, there was a statistically significant correlation between pNfL concentration at time of IVIg withdrawal and the likelihood of relapse (r = 0.72, p < 0.05), suggesting an association of higher pNfL concentration with active disease.ConclusionspNfL concentrations may be a sensitive, clinically useful biomarker in assessing subclinical disease activity.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome and COVID‐19: A 1‐year observational multicenter study
Authors: Filosto Massimiliano , Cotti Piccinelli Stefano , Gazzina Stefano , Foresti Camillo , Frigeni Barbara , Servalli Maria Cristina , Sessa Maria , Cosentino Giuseppe , Marchioni Enrico , Ravaglia Sabrina , Briani Chiara , Castellani Francesca , Zara Gabriella , Bianchi Francesca , Del Carro Ubaldo , Fazio Raffaella , Filippi Massimo , Magni Eugenio , Natalini Giuseppe , Palmerini Francesco , Perotti Anna Maria , Bellomo Andrea , Osio Maurizio , Nascimbene Caterina , Carpo Marinella , Rasera Andrea , Squintani Giovanna , Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Bertasi Valeria , Cotelli Maria Sofia , Bertolasi Laura , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Ferrari Sergio , Ranieri Federico , Caprioli Francesca , Grappa Elena , Manganotti Paolo , Bellavita Giulia , Furlanis Giovanni , De Maria Giovanni , Leggio Ugo , Poli Loris , Rasulo Frank , Latronico Nicola , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Beghi Ettore , Padovani Alessandro , Uncini Antonino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMany single cases and small series of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection were reported during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) outbreak worldwide. However, the debate regarding the possible role of infection in causing GBS is still ongoing. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate epidemiological and clinical findings of GBS diagnosed during the COVID‐19 pandemic in northeastern Italy in order to further investigate the possible association between GBS and COVID‐19.MethodsGuillain–Barré syndrome cases diagnosed in 14 referral hospitals from northern Italy between March 2020 and March 2021 were collected and divided into COVID‐19‐positive and COVID‐19‐negative. As a control population, GBS patients diagnosed in the same hospitals from January 2019 to February 2020 were considered.ResultsThe estimated incidence of GBS in 2020 was 1.41 cases per 100,000 persons/year (95% confidence interval 1.18–1.68) versus 0.89 cases per 100,000 persons/year (95% confidence interval 0.71–1.11) in 2019. The cumulative incidence of GBS increased by 59% in the period March 2020–March 2021 and, most importantly, COVID‐19‐positive GBS patients represented about 50% of the total GBS cases with most of them occurring during the two first pandemic waves in spring and autumn 2020. COVID‐19‐negative GBS cases from March 2020 to March 2021 declined by 22% compared to February 2019–February 2020.ConclusionsOther than showing an increase of GBS in northern Italy in the “COVID‐19 era” compared to the previous year, this study emphasizes how GBS cases related to COVID‐19 represent a significant part of the total, thus suggesting a relation between COVID‐19 and GBS.
Influence of educational status and migration background on the long‐term health‐related quality of life after stroke
Authors: Braadt Lino , Meisinger Christa , Linseisen Jakob , Kirchberger Inge , Zickler Philipp , Naumann Markus , Ertl Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAcute stroke treatment and secondary prevention have tremendously improved functional outcomes after stroke. However, this does not always imply a likewise improvement in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Knowledge on factors influencing HRQoL after stroke is still scarce, especially regarding social aspects like the level of education and the presence of migration background.MethodsIn the present stroke cohort study, participants were interviewed during their hospital stay and completed a postal questionnaire at 3 and 12 months post stroke. Functional outcomes were assessed by the modified Rankin Scale and HRQoL by evaluating the detailed Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Logistic regression models were used to determine associations between education, migration background and quality of life end‐points.ResultsA total of 945 (mean age 69 years; 56% male) stroke patients were enrolled. After adjusting for confounders, a lower educational level was associated with worse functional outcomes in the SIS domain ‘strength’ (odds ratio 2.67, 95% confidence interval 1.6–4.4, p < 0.001). Migration background was associated with worse outcomes in the SIS domain ‘emotion’ (p = 0.007, odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.2–2.5). Additionally, for female patients worse HRQoL outcomes were found in multiple other SIS domains.ConclusionsMigration background and a lower educational level were significantly associated with lower long‐term HRQoL after stroke. These aspects should be considered in targeted rehabilitation programmes and follow‐up support of stroke patients.