bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Quality Control in Lumbar Spine Radiography Using Enhanced U-Net Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Xiao , Deng Qingshan , Wang Qiang , Liu Xinmiao , Chen Lei , Liu Jinjin , Li Shuangquan , Wang Meihao , Cao Guoquan 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo standardize the radiography imaging procedure, an image quality control framework using the deep learning technique was developed to segment and evaluate lumbar spine x-ray images according to a defined quality control standard.Materials and MethodsA dataset comprising anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique position lumbar spine x-ray images from 1,389 patients was analyzed in this study. The training set consisted of digital radiography images of 1,070 patients (800, 798, and 623 images of the anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique position, respectively) and the validation set included 319 patients (200, 205, and 156 images of the anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique position, respectively). The quality control standard for lumbar spine x-ray radiography in this study was defined using textbook guidelines of as a reference. An enhanced encoder-decoder fully convolutional network with U-net as the backbone was implemented to segment the anatomical structures in the x-ray images. The segmentations were used to build an automatic assessment method to detect unqualified images. The dice similarity coefficient was used to evaluate segmentation performance.ResultsThe dice similarity coefficient of the anteroposterior position images ranged from 0.82 to 0.96 (mean 0.91 ± 0.06); the dice similarity coefficient of the lateral position images ranged from 0.71 to 0.95 (mean 0.87 ± 0.10); the dice similarity coefficient of the oblique position images ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 (mean 0.80 ± 0.14). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the assessment method on the validation set were 0.971–0.990 (mean 0.98 ± 0.10), 0.714–0.933 (mean 0.86 ± 0.13), and 0.995–1.000 (mean 0.99 ± 0.12) for the three positions, respectively.ConclusionThis deep learning-based algorithm achieves accurate segmentation of lumbar spine x-ray images. It provides a reliable and efficient method to identify the shape of the lumbar spine while automatically determining the radiographic image quality.
Case Report: Posterolateral Epidural Supra-C2-Root Approach (PESCA) for Biopsy of a Retro-Odontoid Lesions in Same Sitting After Occipitocervical Fixation and Decompression in a Case of Crowned Dens Syndrome With Brainstem Compression and Displacement
Authors: Haas Patrick , Hauser Till-Karsten , Kandilaris Kosmas , Skardelly Marco , Tatagiba Marcos , Adib Sasan Darius 
Published: April 2022

Background‘Crowned dens syndrome' (CDS) is a special form of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease which is characterized radiologically by a halo-like or crown-like distribution in the periodontoid region and clinically by cervical pain. Herein, we will describe our experience of posterolateral epidural supra-C2-root approach (PESCA) for biopsy of retro-odontoid lesions in one surgical session after occipitocervical fixation and decompression in a patient with CDS and massive brainstem compression.Case PresentationA 70-year-old woman presented to our department with a 4-week history of progressive walking impairment, neck pain, neck rigidity, fever, dizziness, slight palsy of the left hand, and multiple fall episodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) and cervical spine revealed a lesion of the odontoid process and the retro-odontoid region with mainly solid components, as well as small cystic components, and brainstem compression and displacement. In first step, fusion surgery of the CVJ C0–C4 was performed with occiptocervical decompression. After fusion and decompression the lower lateral part of the C1 arc and the lateral superior part of the left side of the C2 arc were removed. The entry point was located directly above the superior part of the C2 root. A biopsy of the lateral portions of the lesions was obtained by bioptic forceps under microscope guidance. Pathologic examination of the mass revealed deposition of birefringent crystals compatible with calcium pyrophosphate. In addition to the clinical symptoms (especially neck pain), the diagnosis of CDS was made. Non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine (and later magnesium) were started. At follow-up examination 6 months after surgery, an MRI scan of the cervical spine revealed regression of the pannus and the cyst with replacement of the brainstem, clinical improvement of walking, and increased strength of the left hand.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that PESCA can be used to obtain tissue for pathological analysis in one surgical sitting after fusion and decompression and that fusion, decompression, and PESCA (in the same session) together with subsequent conservative management could be a good alternative for the treatment of CDS.
The Prognostic Value of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis in Biliary Tract Cancer After Palliative Treatment With Radiation-Emitting Metallic Stent
Authors: Chen Qi , Lu Jian , Lu Xun , Yao Xi-Juan , Zhang Xuan-Pu , Wang Shang-Yuan , Guo Jin-He 
Published: April 2022

Background:Radiation-emitting metallic stent (REMS) placement is increasingly used for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) caused by unresectable biliary tract carcinoma (UBTC) in clinical practice. The study is aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and their combination on overall survival (OS) in patients treated with REMS for UBTC.MethodsPatients diagnosed with UBTC who underwent REMS placement between January 2013 and May 2021 were included consecutively in this retrospective study. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were defined based on skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle attenuation (SMA), respectively, which were measured by computer tomography (CT) images on the level of the third lumbar vertebral body before REMS placement. Patients were categorized into two groups by sex-specific cutoff value for sarcopenia and myosteatosis, and OS rates were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with OS.ResultsData of 135 patients included were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Median OS was 7.17 months in total cohort. Patients in the sarcopenia group had significant poorer OS than those in the non-sarcopenia group (median: 3.23 vs. 11.60 months, p &lt; 0.001). OS was shorter in patients with myosteatosis than those without myosteatosis (median: 4.40 vs. 9.17 months, p &lt; 0.001). Sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] = 9.61; 95% CI = 5.41–17.09; p &lt; 0.001) and myosteatosis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.13–2.57; p = 0.012) were significantly associated with OS. Combining sarcopenia and myosteatosis (CSM) showed a better predictive accuracy in OS than either one (area under curves: CSM vs. sarcopenia = 0.760 vs. 0.698, p = 0.049; CSM vs. myosteatosis = 0.760 vs. 0.671, p = 0.006).ConclusionSarcopenia and myosteatosis are negative predictors of survival in patients who underwent REMS placement for UBTC. CSM seemed to show a better prognostic value than either sarcopenia or myosteatosis alone. They can be used preoperatively for risk evaluation.
Endocardial Radiofrequency Ablation vs. Septal Myectomy in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Tao , Huang Bingyu , Huo Shengqi , Mageta Lulu Monica , Guo Junyi , Lv Jiagao , Lin Li 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSeptal myectomy (SM) has been the gold standard therapy for most patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Endocardial radiofrequency ablation of septal hypertrophy (ERASH) is a novel treatment for septal reduction. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety between two treatment strategies.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to identify relevant studies published up to March 2021. Random-effect models were used to calculate standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) and septal thickness.ResultsTwenty-five studies are included in this review, eighteen studies for SM and seven studies for ERASH. During follow-up, there were significant reductions of the mean resting LVOTG in adults (SM groups: SMD = −3.03, 95% CI [−3.62 to −2.44]; ERASH groups: SMD = −1.95, 95% CI [−2.45 to −1.45]) and children (SM groups: SMD = −2.67, 95% CI [−3.21 to −2.12]; ERASH groups: SMD= −2.37, 95% CI [−3.02 to −1.73]) after the septal reduction therapies. For adults, SM groups contributed to more obvious reduction than ERASH groups in interventricular septal thickness (SM groups: SMD = −1.82, 95% CI [−2.29 to −1.34]; ERASH groups: SMD = −0.43, 95% CI [−1.00 to 0.13]). The improvement of the New York Heart Association class was similar in the two groups (SM groups: 46.4%; ERASH groups: 46.7%). The periprocedural mortality in SM and ERASH were 1.1 and 1.8%, respectively.ConclusionsThis systematic review suggests that SM is superior to ERASH in the treatment of HOCM. But for the patients who are at risk for open cardiac surgeries or prefer a less invasive approach, ERASH might be an optional approach.
Comparison of the Axial Fan and Synthetic Jet Cooling Systems
Authors: Smyk Emil , Gil Paweł , Gałek Rafał , Przeszłowski Łukasz 
Published: April 2022

Choosing the right cooling device is crucial for the proper operation of electronic equipment. A comparison of the two different cooling devices is presented in this paper: one with a standard axial fan and the other with a synthetic jet actuator. Two distinct sets of operating conditions of the fan and two different loudspeakers for the synthetic jet actuator were used. The experimental setup consisted of a radial heat sink mounted onto a round electric heater and two cooling systems: one with the axial fan and the other with a synthetic jet actuator. From the thermal balance in the specified control volume, the heat sink’s thermal resistance. as well as the coefficient of performance, were determined. The highest difference between the thermal resistance of both cooling systems occurred at a low input power of P = 0.5 W. The heat sink cooled with a synthetic jet had the thermal resistance of R = 0.39 K/W, while the same heat sink cooled with a fan achieved R = 0.23 K/W. Thus, the fan cooling exhibited almost 70% better performance than synthetic jet cooling. For a higher input power of P = 7.0 W, the relative difference in the thermal resistance decreased to the value of 42%. For the input power of P = 7.0 W, the fan-cooled heat sink dissipated the thermal power of Q˙HS=487 W under the temperature difference between the heat sink base and ambient air equal to 60 K. For the same input power and temperature difference, the synthetic jet cooling of the same heat sink dissipated a thermal power of Q˙HS=339 W. Under natural convection, the heat sink dissipated the thermal power of Q˙HS=57 W. Thus, the heat transfer enhancement with fan cooling relative to natural convection was equal to 8.5, while the enhancement with synthetic jet cooling relative to natural convection was equal to 6.0. The modified coefficient of performance and the heat transfer rate of the heat sink per unit temperature difference and unit volume of the cooling device ε are presented. The axial fan performed better in terms of both parameters under consideration. The ε of the investigated device with a fan was around four times higher than in the case of the synthetic jet actuator and eight times higher than in the case of natural convection.
Simulation Study of a Bright Attosecond γ-ray Source Generation by Irradiating an Intense Laser on a Cone Target
Authors: Zhang Cui-Wen , Zhu Yi-Xuan , Lv Jian-Feng , Xie Bai-Song 
Published: April 2022

The interaction between an ultrastrong laser and a cone-like target is an efficient approach to generate high-power radiations such as attosecond pulses and terahertz waves. The objective is to study the γ-ray generation under this configuration with the help of 2D particle-in-cell simulations. It is deciphered that electrons experience three stages, including injection, acceleration and scattering, to emit high-energy photons via nonlinear Compton scattering (NCS). These spatial-separated attosecond γ-ray pulses own high peak brilliance (>1022 photons/(s·mm2·mrad2·0.1%BW)) and high energy (6 MeV) under the case of normalized laser intensity a0=30(I=2×1021 W/cm2). In addition, the cone target turns out to be an order of magnitude more efficient in energy transfer compared to a planar one.
Transcriptome Reveals Granulosa Cells Coping through Redox, Inflammatory and Metabolic Mechanisms under Acute Heat Stress
Authors: Sammad Abdul , Luo Hanpeng , Hu Lirong , Zhu Huabin , Wang Yachun 
Published: April 2022

Heat stress affects granulosa cells (GCs) and the ovarian follicular microenvironment, causing poor oocyte developmental competence and fertility. This study aimed to investigate the physical responses and global transcriptomic changes in bovine GCs to acute heat stress (43 °C for 2 h) in vitro. Heat-stressed GCs exhibited transient proliferation senescence and resumed proliferation at 48 h post-stress, while post-stress immediate culture-media change had a relatively positive effect on proliferation resumption. Increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis was observed in the heat-stress group. In spite of the upregulation of inflammatory (CYCS, TLR2, TLR4, IL6, etc.), pro-apoptotic (BAD, BAX, TNFSF9, MAP3K7, TNFRSF6B, FADD, TRADD, RIPK3, etc.) and caspase executioner genes (CASP3, CASP8, CASP9), antioxidants and anti-apoptotic genes (HMOX1, NOS2, CAT, SOD, BCL2L1, GPX4, etc.) were also upregulated in heat-stressed GCs. Progesterone and estrogen hormones, along with steroidogenic gene expression, declined significantly, in spite of the upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Out of 12,385 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 330 significant DEGs (75 upregulated, 225 downregulated) were subjected to KEGG functional pathway annotation, gene ontology enrichment, STRING network analyses and manual querying of DEGs for meaningful molecular mechanisms. High inflammatory response was found to be responsible for oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis of GCs and nodes towards the involvement of the NF-κB pathway and repression of the Nrf2 pathway. Downregulation of MDM4, TP53, PIDD1, PARP3, MAPK14 and MYC, and upregulation of STK26, STK33, TGFB2, CDKN1A and CDKN2A, at the interface of the MAPK and p53 signaling pathway, can be attributed to transient cellular senescence and apoptosis in GCs. The background working of the AMPK pathway through upregulation of AKT1, AMPK, SIRT1, PYGM, SLC2A4 and SERBP1 genes, and downregulation of PPARGCIA, IGF2, PPARA, SLC27A3, SLC16A3, TSC1/2, KCNJ2, KCNJ16, etc., evidence the repression of cellular transcriptional activity and energetic homeostasis modifications in response to heat stress. This study presents detailed responses of acute-heat-stressed GCs at physical, transcriptional and pathway levels and presents interesting insights into future studies regarding GC adaptation and their interaction with oocytes and the reproductive system at the ovarian level.
A Disseminated Mycobacterium Abscessus Infection in a Patient Affected by Pulmonary Graft versus Host Disease: Case Report with a Revision of Literature
Authors: Bernardelli Andrea , Schena Alberto , Savoldi Alessia , Colato Chiara , Baretta Valentina , D’Alessandro Emiliano , Zamboni Giulia , Shoushtari Zadeh Naseri Mehrdad , Favaro Flavio , Peracchi Marta , Schena Donatella , Andreini Angelo , Cesaro Simone , Tecchio Cristina 
Published: April 2022

Mycobacterium abscessus complex, hereinafter Mab, is a taxonomic group of rapidly growing, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Despite major advances in understanding virulence, pathogenicity and mechanism of antibiotic resistance, Mab remains a significant cause of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease. Herein, we describe a disseminated, macrolide-resistant, Mab subspecies abscessus infection occurring in a severely immune-compromised 34-year-old allotransplanted female patient affected by pulmonary chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD). The infection was characterized by hematogenous spread, and besides lungs, it involved skin, and soft tissues, resulting in a highly debilitating, painful, and finally fatal disease. Our case describes the severe impact of Mab infections in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplant (alloHSCT) and related complications. It also highlights the unmet need of preventive and surveillance measures together with the urgency of developing effective vaccines and drugs against emerging NTM. The scarce literature regarding Mab infections in alloHSCT patients is also reviewed.
The Effect of Some Wild Grown Plant Extracts and Essential Oils on Pectobacterium betavasculorum: The Causative Agent of Bacterial Soft Rot and Vascular Wilt of Sugar Beet
Authors: Rastgou Mina , Rezaee Danesh Younes , Ercisli Sezai , Sayyed R. Z. , El Enshasy Hesham Ali , Dailin Daniel Joe , Alfarraj Saleh , Ansari Mohammad Javed 
Published: April 2022

The bacterial soft rot and vascular wilt of sugar beet are the major diseases of sugar crops globally induced by Pectobacterium betavasculorum and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc). The control of this bacterial disease is a severe problem, and only a few copper-based chemical bactericides are available for this disease. Because of the limitations of chemicals to control plant bacterial pathogens, the essential oils and extracts have been considered one of the best alternative strategies for their control. In this study, twenty-seven essential oils and twenty-nine plant extracts were extracted and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Pectobacterium betavasculorum isolate C3, using the agar diffusion method at 0.01%, 0.1%, and 100% (v/v). Pure Pimpinella anisum L. oil exhibited the most anti-bacterial activity among three different concentrations of essential oils and extracts, followed by Thymus vulgaris L. oil and Rosa multiflora Thunb. extract. The efficacy of effective essential oils and extracts on Ic1 cultivar of sugar beet seeds germination and seedling growth in vivo also were tested. The seed germination of the Ic1 cultivar was inhibited at all the concentrations of essential oils used. Only extracts of Rosa multiflora Thunb., Brassica oleracea L., Lactuca serriola L., Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L.M.Perry, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., and essential oils of Ocmium basilicum L., Pimpinella anisum L., and Mentha× piperita L.L. in 0.1% concentration had no inhibition on seed germination and could improve seedling growth. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts on Pectobacterium betavasculorum.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN KONSEP FINITE STATE AUTOMATA DALAM PROSES PENJURUSAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI AUTOMATIC SKILLS ANALYSIS TOOLS ( ASA ) PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN ( SMK ) BIDANG KEAHLIAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan 
Published: April 2022

Perkembangan teknologi mengalami kemajuan yang pesat. Teknologi tersebut dapat membantu mempermudah aktivitas manusia. Perkembangan teknologi berpengaruh pada hampir seluruh bidang kehidupan. Salah satu contohnya adalah bidang Pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Bidang Keahlian Teknologi Informasi. Sekolah dapat menggunakan teknologi untuk menemukan Potensi dalam diri siswa agar nantinya tidak salah jurusan untuk masa depannya. Salah satu aplikasi yang dapat membantu sekolah dan pendidik untuk menemukan potensi diri adalah Automatic Skill Analisys Tool (ASA). Automatic Skill Analisys Tool (ASA) merupakan aplikasi yang dapat membantu sekolah dalam menentukan, memetakan potensi yang ada dalam diri siswa
THE MEASUREMENT OF RECEIPT OF DIGITAL FUND TECHNOLOGY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC USING THE UTAUT MODEL
Authors: Adi Saputra Brahmantya 
Published: April 2022

Perubahan yang terjadi pada masa pandemi ini, membuat pemerintah mengambil beberapa kebijakan untuk memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19. Salah satunya dengan mengurangi transaksi dengan uang tunai lalu menerapkan transaksi dengan dompet digital yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Dengan harapan dompet digital memberikan peran positif bagi pencegahan penularan Covid-19, karena meminimalisir kontak langsung saat bertransaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan menguji tingkat penerimaan teknologi dompet digital Dana dengan model UTAUT di Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini populasi yang di targetkan adalah pengguna dompet digital Dana di Kota Surabaya. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 responden yang akan mengisi kuesioner melalui google form. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah PLS-SEM. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah variabel habit dan hedonic motivation berperan positif dalam penggunaan dompet digital Dana di masa pandemi covid-19. Karena kemudahan dalam penggunaan aplikasi dapat membuat pengguna merasa senang saat bertransaksi.
LATVIAN SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLANDS IN THE SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION VORTEX: THE EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH GAPS
Authors: Rūsiņa Solvita 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION
Semi-natural grasslands depend on active management by certain societal actors, and can therefore be defined as socio-ecological systems (Herzon et al., 2021). Semi-natural grasslands of the European Boreal biogeographical region are considered to be caught in a socio-ecological extinction vortex (Herzon et al., 2022). Our aim was to look at the evidence for the extinction vortex of Latvian semi-natural grasslands at the national level, and to describe the main directions in which research is insufficient.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We conducted a scientific literature review and collected official agricultural and habitat conservation statistics.
RESULTS
Published studies are dominated by ecological aspects of semi-natural grasslands in Latvia. At the national level, there is little evidence available about all four interlinked and mutually reinforcing socio-economic processes operating in the extinction vortex (Herzon et al., 2022): 1) agricultural production; 2) policy, research and development; 3) vocational education in the fields of agricultural sciences and 4) the public’s experience with semi-natural habitats.
DISCUSSION
The success of semi-natural grassland conservation depends on how well social-ecological system (SES) thinking has been applied through conservation planning and implementation (Krievins et al. 2018; Fischer et al. 2021). Therefore, conservation should approach semi-natural grasslands as socio-ecological systems rather than merely ecosystems. In Latvia, this approach has not yet been fully appreciated.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of understanding of semi-natural grasslands as socio-ecological systems in Latvia both in the governmental and non-governmental sector, as well as in the research community. The main research gap is in inter- and transdisciplinary approaches to semi-natural grassland conservation.