bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on cardiac function: a comparative echocardiography-conductance catheter study
Authors: Berger David , Wigger Olivier , de Marchi Stefano , Grübler Martin R. , Bloch Andreas , Kurmann Reto , Stalder Odile , Bachmann Kaspar Felix , Bloechlinger Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function depend on cardiac loading conditions, which are altered by positive pressure ventilation. The direct effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cardiac diastolic function are unknown.

Methods
Twenty-five patients without apparent diastolic dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography were ventilated noninvasively at PEEPs of 0, 5, and 10 cmH2O (in randomized order). Echocardiographic diastolic assessment and pressure–volume-loop analysis from conductance catheters were compared. The time constant for pressure decay (τ) was modeled with exponential decay. End-diastolic and end-systolic pressure volume relationships (EDPVRs and ESPVRs, respectively) from temporary caval occlusion were analyzed with generalized linear mixed-effects and linear mixed models. Transmural pressures were calculated using esophageal balloons.

Results
τ values for intracavitary cardiac pressure increased with the PEEP (n = 25; no PEEP, 44 ± 5 ms; 5 cmH2O PEEP, 46 ± 6 ms; 10 cmH2O PEEP, 45 ± 6 ms; p < 0.001). This increase disappeared when corrected for transmural pressure and diastole length. The transmural EDPVR was unaffected by PEEP. The ESPVR increased slightly with PEEP. Echocardiographic mitral inflow parameters and tissue Doppler values decreased with PEEP [peak E wave (n = 25): no PEEP, 0.76 ± 0.13 m/s; 5 cmH2O PEEP, 0.74 ± 0.14 m/s; 10 cmH2O PEEP, 0.68 ± 0.13 m/s; p = 0.016; peak A wave (n = 24): no PEEP, 0.74 ± 0.12 m/s; 5 cmH2O PEEP, 0.7 ± 0.11 m/s; 10 cmH2O PEEP, 0.67 ± 0.15 m/s; p = 0.014; E’ septal (n = 24): no PEEP, 0.085 ± 0.016 m/s; 5 cmH2O PEEP, 0.08 ± 0.013 m/s; 10 cmH2O PEEP, 0.075 ± 0.012 m/s; p = 0.002].

Conclusions
PEEP does not affect active diastolic relaxation or passive ventricular filling properties. Dynamic echocardiographic filling parameters may reflect changing loading conditions rather than intrinsic diastolic function. PEEP may have slight positive inotropic effects.

Clinical trial registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02267291, registered 17. October 2014.

Graphical abstract
Tubomanometry correlations with patient characteristics and other diagnostic tests of Eustachian tube dysfunction: a cohort study of 432 ears
Authors: Oehlandt Heidi , Lindfors Oskari , Sinkkonen Saku T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Currently, there is no consensus regarding the best protocol for diagnosing Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). We aimed to evaluate how patient characteristics affect tubomanometry (TMM) results. If an association between patient characteristics and TMM results exists, this should be considered in TMM interpretation. We also wanted to study if TMM correlates with other diagnostic tools of ETD.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients with TMM results available from November 2011 to October 2020 at a tertiary referral center, including 432 ears from 219 patients. An association between diagnostic tests and patient characteristics was assessed using regression models. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to analyze correlations between diagnostic tests.

Results
None of the studied patient characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, smoking, sinonasal disease) was associated with TMM results except for pollen allergy (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.15–2.63, P = 0.009). TMM results correlated with Valsalva maneuver performance (P < 0.001, ρ = 0.31) and otomicroscopic signs of inadequate middle ear ventilation (P < 0.001, ρ = 0.28). The Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) score did not correlate with any diagnostic method.

Conclusions
TMM results are unaffected by patient characteristics other than pollen allergy. Thus, TMM may be used in ETD diagnostics in a wide variety of patients with straightforward interpretation. TMM correlates with other diagnostic tests studied but not with ETDQ-7. ETDQ-7 does not seem to correlate with other diagnostic tests and appears nonspecific in ETD diagnostics.
Patient functional recovery after a 23-h surgery — a prospective, follow-up study
Authors: Ruohoaho Ulla-Maija , Aaltomaa Sirpa , Kokki Hannu , Anttila Maarit , Kokki Merja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated patients’ functional outcomes 2 weeks after a 23-h surgery model in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods
This prospective study comprised data on 993 consecutive adult patients who underwent a 23-h surgery. Patients were interviewed before surgery and at 14 days after surgery by telephone with a multidimensional structural survey including closed- and open-ended questions. Regarding functional outcomes, the patients were asked to assess their general wellbeing, energy levels and activities of daily living on a 5-point numeric rating scale (1 = poor to 5 = excellent). Data on patient characteristics, medical history, alcohol use, smoking status and pre-, peri- and postoperative pain and satisfaction with the care received were collected and analysed to determine whether these factors contributed to their recovery. The primary outcome measure was patient functional recovery at 14 days after surgery.

Results
Most patients reported moderate to excellent functional outcomes: 93.6% (95% CI, 92.1–-95.1) of the patients showed a score ≥ 3 on the 5-point numeric scale. One out of four patients (23%) scored all three domains as excellent. A weak inverse correlation was noted between functional recovery and most pain in the 23-h postanaesthesia care unit as well as pain at 2 weeks after surgery. A weak positive correlation was noted between functional recovery and patient satisfaction with the instructions at discharge.

Conclusions
Most patients showed ample functional recovery at 14 days after the 23-h surgery. Higher pain scores in the postanaesthesia care unit and 2 weeks after surgery predicted poor functional outcomes, and satisfaction with postoperative counselling predicted better outcomes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04142203.
Forecasting solar photosynthetic photon flux density under cloud cover effects: novel predictive model using convolutional neural network integrated with long short-term memory network
Authors: Deo Ravinesh C. , Grant Richard H. , Webb Ann , Ghimire Sujan , Igoe Damien P. , Downs Nathan J. , Al-Musaylh Mohanad S. , Parisi Alfio V. , Soar Jeffrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForecast models of solar radiation incorporating cloud effects are useful tools to evaluate the impact of stochastic behaviour of cloud movement, real-time integration of photovoltaic energy in power grids, skin cancer and eye disease risk minimisation through solar ultraviolet (UV) index prediction and bio-photosynthetic processes through the modelling of solar photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). This research has developed deep learning hybrid model (i.e., CNN-LSTM) to factor in role of cloud effects integrating the merits of convolutional neural networks with long short-term memory networks to forecast near real-time (i.e., 5-min) PPFD in a sub-tropical region Queensland, Australia. The prescribed CLSTM model is trained with real-time sky images that depict stochastic cloud movements captured through a total sky imager (TSI-440) utilising advanced sky image segmentation to reveal cloud chromatic features into their statistical values, and to purposely factor in the cloud variation to optimise the CLSTM model. The model, with its competing algorithms (i.e., CNN, LSTM, deep neural network, extreme learning machine and multivariate adaptive regression spline), are trained with 17 distinct cloud cover inputs considering the chromaticity of red, blue, thin, and opaque cloud statistics, supplemented by solar zenith angle (SZA) to predict short-term PPFD. The models developed with cloud inputs yield accurate results, outperforming the SZA-based models while the best testing performance is recorded by the objective method (i.e., CLSTM) tested over a 7-day measurement period. Specifically, CLSTM yields a testing performance with correlation coefficient r = 0.92, root mean square error RMSE = 210.31 μ mol of photons m−2 s−1, mean absolute error MAE = 150.24 μ mol of photons m−2 s−1, including a relative error of RRMSE = 24.92% MAPE = 38.01%, and Nash Sutcliffe’s coefficient ENS = 0.85, and Legate and McCabe’s Index LM = 0.68 using cloud cover in addition to the SZA as an input. The study shows the importance of cloud inclusion in forecasting solar radiation and evaluating the risk with practical implications in monitoring solar energy, greenhouses and high-value agricultural operations affected by stochastic behaviour of clouds. Additional methodological refinements such as retraining the CLSTM model for hourly and seasonal time scales may aid in the promotion of agricultural crop farming and environmental risk evaluation applications such as predicting the solar UV index and direct normal solar irradiance for renewable energy monitoring systems.
Blitzentladungen im österreichischen Alpenraum mit Fokus auf Single-Stroke Flashes
Authors: Schwalt Lukas , Pack Stephan , Schulz Wolfgang , Pistotnik Georg 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden Messdaten von Wolke-Erde-Blitzentladungen im österreichischen Alpenraum mit Fokus auf Single-Stroke Flashes ausgewertet, welche über sechs Gewittersaisonen im Zeitraum 2009 bis 2018 im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts aufgezeichnet wurden. Ziel des Projekts war es, einen so genannten Ground-Truth-Datensatz realer Bodeneinschläge von Blitzentladungen zu generieren. Das verwendete Messsystem besteht aus einer Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera und einem elektrischen Feldmesssystem, als Video and Field Recording System (VFRS) bezeichnet, um die räumlichen und zeitlichen Abläufe von Blitzentladungen optisch analysieren zu können und das transiente elektrische Feld aufzuzeichnen. Die VFRS-Messungen wurden an 33 verschiedenen Messorten im österreichischen Alpenraum durchgeführt, dabei wurden an 61 Tagen insgesamt 735 Wolke-Erde-Blitze mit negativer Polarität aufgezeichnet. Für die Auswertung werden Daten des österreichischen Blitzortungssystems „Austrian Lightning Detection and Information System“ (ALDIS) mit den VFRS-Daten korreliert. Der Anteil an Single-Stroke Flashes beeinflusst die Statistik über die Anzahl der Teilblitze pro Gesamtblitzentladung, welche z. B. für die Auslegung von Blitzschutzmaßnahmen von Hochspannungssystemen relevant ist. Die berechneten Prozentwerte der Single-Stroke Flashes der vorliegenden Analyse (27 %) werden mit bereits veröffentlichten Werten aus verschiedenen Ländern (12 % bis 24 %) verglichen. Um den Einfluss der Gewitterorganisation auf den Anteil von Single-Stroke Flashes zu untersuchen, werden zusätzlich Wetterradardaten und Windmessungen zur Klassifizierung der unterschiedlichen Gewittertypen herangezogen und analysiert.
Bullying at 8 years and violent offenses by 31 years: the Finnish nationwide 1981 birth cohort study
Authors: Tiiri Elina , Uotila Jaakko , Elonheimo Henrik , Sillanmäki Lauri , Brunstein Klomek Anat , Sourander Andre 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study explored the associations between bullying perpetration and victimization at 8 years of age and violent offenses by the age of 31. Data were obtained for subjects enrolled in a population-based longitudinal birth cohort study. In 1989, 5813 8-year-old children (attrition 3.4%), and their parents and teachers, were surveyed about bullying. When 5405 subjects (attrition 10.2%) were 15–31 years of age, violent offenses were extracted from the Finnish National Police Register. We analyzed the data by sex and categorized bullying perpetration and victimization by frequency. Violent offenses were categorized by severity. Cox regression analyses estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). When they were compared to males who had not been bullies at 8 years of age, frequent male bullies had an increased hazard for violent offenses (adjusted HR 3.01, 95% CI 2.11–4.33) and severe violent offenses (adjusted HR 2.86, 95% CI 1.07–7.59) as adults, even when the data were controlled for them being victims, parental education level, family structure and child psychopathology. Frequent female bullies also had an increased hazard for violent offenses, compared to those who had not bullied others (adjusted HR 5.27, 95% CI 1.51–18.40). Frequent male bullying was associated with higher odds for violent offenses compared to only bullying sometimes. Being a victim was not associated with violent offenses. Preventing childhood bullying could reduce violent offenses by both sexes.
The geometries of Jordan nets and Jordan webs
Authors: Bik Arthur , Eisenmann Henrik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA Jordan net (resp. web) is an embedding of a unital Jordan algebra of dimension 3 (resp. 4) into the space$${\mathbb{S}}^n$$Snof symmetric$$n\times n$$n×nmatrices. We study the geometries of Jordan nets and webs: we classify the congruence orbits of Jordan nets (resp. webs) in$${\mathbb{S}}^n$$Snfor$$n\le 7$$n≤7(resp.$$n\le 5$$n≤5), we find degenerations between these orbits and list obstructions to the existence of such degenerations. For Jordan nets in$$\mathbb{S}^n$$Snfor$$n\le 5$$n≤5, these obstructions show that our list of degenerations is complete . For$$n=6$$n=6, the existence of one degeneration is still undetermined. To explore further, we used an algorithm that indicates numerically whether a degeneration between two orbits exists. We verified this algorithm using all known degenerations and obstructions and then used it to compute the degenerations between Jordan nets in$$\mathbb {S}^7$$S7and Jordan webs in$$\mathbb {S}^n$$Snfor$$n=4,5$$n=4,5.
What Can You Do as an Eco-hero? A Study on the Ecopedagogical Potential of Dutch Non-fictional Environmental Texts for Children
Authors: van der Beek Suzanne , Lehmann Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the context of a global crisis around climate change, children continue to be largely excluded from environmental conversations. In order to change this, there has been an increased effort to produce children’s media that educates young readers about the origins, effects, and possible solutions to climate change. These environmental texts for children can contribute to the ecopedagogical project and provide children with the information and the language that are necessary to become conscious ecocitizens. This paper analyzes how children’s non-fiction books from the Netherlands enable young readers to develop socio-political agency regarding climate change and position themselves within discussions about this topic. A potential trap for children’s environmental literature lies in its tendency to simplify the complex issue of climate change and to offer potential ways for fighting climate change which are not accessible to all young readers. Therefore, the paper pays specific attention to the processes of inclusion and exclusion that are used in these books. The analysis is structured around Greta Gaard’s critical model for inclusive ecopedagogical texts, based on recognizing and dismantling alienation, hierarchy, and ultimately domination. The study finds that the books selected use contrasting techniques that alienate the reader from the already abstract concept of climate change. They encourage the reader to see themselves as possible “eco heroes” and propose different strategies for contributing to help the direct victims of climate change who are frequently positioned as distanced from the intended young reader. Nature is largely represented as a passive entity, which can play no role in restoring ecological balance.
Do presumptions of negligence incentivize optimal precautions?
Authors: Guerra Alice , Luppi Barbara , Parisi Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn most jurisdictions, the burden of producing evidence on a contested issue traditionally falls on plaintiffs. In a tort claim, this de facto creates a presumption of non-negligence in favor of injurers. Some legal systems in Europe placed renewed attention on “presumed liability” rules, which instead create a presumption of negligence against injurers. In this paper, we analyze the effects of alternative legal presumptions on parties’ care incentives in the presence of discovery errors. Differently from what was suggested in prior research, we show that legal presumptions do affect primary behavior: presuming that the injurer was (not) negligent strengthens (weakens) his care incentives in situations where the plaintiff faces probatory difficulties. We analyze how these effects should inform the choice of evidence regimes to improve the robustness of liability rules, and to minimize the dilutive effect of imperfect discovery on individuals’ care incentives.
Engaging solution-based design process for integrated STEM program development: an exploratory study through autoethnographic design practice
Authors: Zhou Ding , Gomez Rafael , Davis James , Rittenbruch Markus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role ofdesignin the exploration of integratedScience,Technology,Engineering, andMathematics(STEM) education has rapidly expanded in recent years.Designhas made an important contribution by providing instructional scaffolds in synthesising knowledge from multiple disciplines to solve real-world problems. Despite the potential ofDesign-based Pedagogy(DBP), there is a paucity of applicable DBP process models for constructing integrated STEM tasks and formulating implementation approaches. To address this issue, we enquire into theSolution-based Design Process(SBDP) that reconciles curriculum content knowledge and teaching through authentic problem finding and solving. Through an exploratory study of a self-critical reflection in autoethnographic design practice, we explore how the optimised SBDP can inform (i) Thedesign skillsandmindsetsof DBP forintegrated STEM education, and (ii) Theinstructional processesfor constructing and implementing integrated STEM tasks involving design models. As found in this study, a unique feature of the Solution-based DBP is that it relates to the processes of thinking and reasoning—highly cognitive and logical; its application requires the skilled operation of 3D printing-based digital fabrication. Additionally, we demonstrated a Solution-based DBP, combined with 3D printing-based digital fabrication, and providing teachers with a structural blueprint for developing integrated STEM programs. Overall, this research contributes to the corpus of methodologically rigorous and evidence-based studies on design-led integrated STEM curriculums in the context of a specific country’s education system.
Salinity-induced chemical, mechanical, and behavioral changes in marine microalgae
Authors: Novosel N. , Mišić Radić T. , Levak Zorinc M. , Zemla J. , Lekka M. , Vrana I. , Gašparović B. , Horvat L. , Kasum D. , Legović T. , Žutinić P. , Gligora Udovič M. , Ivošević DeNardis N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines how salinity reduction triggers the response of three marine microalgae at the molecular and unicellular levels in terms of chemical, mechanical, and behavioral changes. At the lowest salinity, all microalgal species exhibited an increase in membrane sterols and behaved stiffer. The glycocalyx-coated species Dunaliella tertiolecta was surrounded by a thick actin layer and showed the highest physiological activity, negatively affecting cell motility and indicating the formation of the palmella stage. The lipid content of membrane and the hydrophobicity of cell were largely preserved over a wide range of salinity, confirming the euryhaline nature of Dunaliella. The species with calcite-encrusted theca Tetraselmis suecica exhibited the highest hydrophobicity at the lowest salinity of all cells examined. At salinity of 19, the cells of T. suecica showed the lowest growth, flagellar detachment and the lowest cell speed, the highest physiological activity associated with a dense network of extracellular polymeric substances, and a decrease in membrane lipids, which could indicate develepment of cyst stage. The organosilicate encrusted species Cylindrotheca closterium appeared to be salinity tolerant. It behaved hydrophobically at lower salinity, whereas becoming hydrophilic at higher salinity, which might be related to a molecular change in the released biopolymers. This study highlighted the interplay between chemistry and mechanics that determines functional cell behavior and shows that cell surface properties and behavior could serve as stress markers for marine biota under climate change.
Graphical Abstract
Spanish Adaptation of the Parenting Practices Interview (PPI-25) for Families with Substantiated Reports or at Risk for Child Maltreatment
Authors: Rivas Gabriela R. , Arruabarrena Ignacia , De Paúl Joaquín 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParenting practices are a central focus of many family preventive and treatment programs due to their influence on children’s well-being. Reliable measures of parenting practices are relevant not only for research purposes, but also for assessment, selection of intervention goals, and evaluation of expected changes in clinical practice. However, measurement of parenting practices has been a challenge for researchers and practitioners. The Parenting Practice Interview (PPI) has been developed to assess both positive and negative parenting dimensions and has been used in clinical contexts. The present study aimed to develop a Spanish adaptation of the PPI and to analyze its main psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 213 parents with substantiated reports or at risk for child maltreatment with significant problems in coping with their children’s behavioral problems, recruited from Child Welfare and Child Protection Services. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance (MI), convergent validity, and differences based on parents’ and children’s age and gender were analyzed. A four-factor model with 25 items (Appropriate Discipline, Verbal Praise and Incentives, Inconsistent Discipline, and Physical Punishment) met statistical requirements (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91) and showed adequate internal consistency and convergent validity. MI analyses allowed comparison across time and groups. Although more research is needed, the PPI-25’s psychometric properties are encouraging for its use with families with substantiated reports or at risk for child maltreatment in Spain.
What Drives Happiness? The Interviewer’s Happiness
Authors: Stefkovics Ádám , Sik Endre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Interviewers in face-to-face surveys can potentially introduce bias both in the recruiting and the measurement phase. One reason behind this is that the measurement of subjective well-being has been found to be associated with social desirability bias. Respondents tend to tailor their responses in the presence of others, for instance by presenting a more positive image of themselves instead of reporting their true attitude. In this study, we investigated the role of interviewers in the measurement of happiness. We were particularly interested in whether the interviewer’s happiness correlates with the respondent’s happiness. Our data comes from a face-to-face survey conducted in Hungary, which included the attitudes of both respondents and interviewers. The results of the multilevel regression models showed that interviewers account for a significant amount of variance in responses obtained from respondents, even after controlling for a range of characteristics of both respondents, interviewers, and settlements. We also found that respondents were more likely to report a happy personality in the presence of an interviewer with a happy personality. We argue that as long as interviewers are involved in the collection of SWB measures, further training of interviewers on raising awareness on personality traits, self-expression, neutrality, and unjustified positive confirmations is essential.