bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology for determining the quality of functioning of the digital processing system of remote sensing data of the Earth
Authors: Шульженко А.Д. , Нечай А.А. 
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена вопросу априорного определения значений основных характеристик системы цифровой обработки данных дистанционного зондирования Земли в радиолокационном диапазоне для обеспечения качества ее функционирования, при этом оценивание выполняется по одному ключевому параметру – длительность обработки поступающих данных. На него оказывают влияние несколько параметров системы, которые названы частными атрибутами качества. Рассматривается агрегированная математическая модель системы цифровой обработки, частные атрибуты качества ее функционирования, их взаимосвязь с ключевым параметром. Показана методика оценивания качества функционирования системы цифровой обработки, с применением которой определяются требуемые и допустимые значения ее технических характеристик. Данное пространство практически определяет ограничения для анализа действующих и проектирования перспективных систем такого рода. С практической точки зрения изложенный материал полезен как заказчику разработки системы, так и исполнителю проекта, так как может быть применен для предъявления требований к новой системе и для анализа возможности функционирования старой системы в новых условиях помимо анализа проекта. Статья может быть рекомендована специалистам в области схемотехники применительно к разработке систем обработки радиолокационных сигналов.
The article is devoted to the issue of a priori determination of the values of the main characteristics of the Earth remote sensing data processing system in the radar range to ensure the quality of its functioning, while the assessment is performed according to one key parameter - the processing time of the incoming data. It is influenced by several parameters of the system, which are called private attributes of quality. An aggregated mathematical model of a digital processing system, particular attributes of the quality of its functioning, and their relationship with a key parameter are considered. The methodology for assessing the quality of the functioning of the digital processing system is shown, with the use of which the required and permissible values of its technical characteristics are determined. This space practically defines the limitations for the analysis of existing and design of promising systems of this kind. From a practical point of view, the presented material is useful both for the customer of the system development and for the project executor, since it can be used to present requirements for a new system and to analyze the possibility of the old system functioning in new conditions, in addition to analyzing the project. The article can be recommended for reading to specialists in the field of circuitry in relation to the development of systems for processing radar signals.
PRIMEIROS SOCORROS: INVESTIGAÇÃO DO TREINAMENTO DE PROFESSORES DE UMA ESCOLA DA REDE PÚBLICA DE CAMPO GRANDE
Authors: Aguirre Bruno , Ricardo Daniel Bueno , Andrade Ursulla Vilella 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Qualquer pessoa pode passar por situações de urgência e emergência, em qualquer lugar. Dessa forma, a primeira pessoa a se deparar com a cena deve ser o primeiro a prestar socorros. Objetivo: Identificar os conhecimentos adquiridos sobre primeiros socorros de professores de uma escola. Método: Estudo de caráter exploratório, quantitativo realizado com professores de uma escola municipal de Campo Grande – MS. A amostra foi composta por 43% (n=30) dos professores. Foi realizado a aplicação de um questionário após treinamento de primeiros socorros. Resultados e discussão: Quando questionados sobre os números de emergência, 43,4% (n=13) conheciam. Em relação a abertura de vias aéreas, 46,6% (n=14) responderam corretamente. Posicionamento da vítima para compressão cardíaca foi assinalado assertivamente por 53,4% (n=16). Conclusão: Mesmo após receberem treinamentos, grande parte dos professores ainda não se demonstraram preparados a prestar assistência de urgência ou emergência. O profissional capacitado para responder esta demanda seria o enfermeiro.
Covariation of Deep Antarctic Pacific Oxygenation and Atmospheric CO2 during the Last 770 kyr
Authors: Tang Zheng , Li Tiegang , Xiong Zhifang , Dang Haowen , Guo Jingteng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present new geochemical evidence of changes in oxygenation of the deep Antarctic Pacific over the last 770 kyr. Our data are derived from redox-sensitive metals and export production proxies extracted from gravity core ANT34/A2-10 at 4217 m water depth. Our results show that oxygen levels in the deep Antarctic Zone (AZ) varied in line with the release of deeply sequestered remineralized carbon to the atmosphere during glacial–interglacial (G–IG) cycles, with lower oxygen concentrations and more carbon storage during glacial periods. Subsequent reductions in the amount of carbon stored at depth were closely associated with improved ventilation during glacial terminations. The systematic and repeated glacial-to-interglacial increases in export production in the AZ region indicate a robust pattern of enhanced Southern Ocean (SO) ventilation during interglacial periods. In addition to the decline in atmospheric CO2 caused by iron fertilization in the Subantarctic AZ (SAZ) during the latter half of the glacial progression, decreases in productivity in the central AZ suggest that the weakening of SO ventilation induced deep AZ carbon sequestration and that this might have made a continuous additional contribution to the CO2 decline from each interglacial peak to glacial maximum. Observed variations in the degree of deep oxygenation and “organic carbon pump” efficiency in the central AZ might be driven primarily by physical “ventilation” processes (i.e., overturning circulation, mixing, and/or air–sea gas exchange). Our records of abyssal oxygenation in the central AZ, which vary in concert with atmospheric CO2 levels over the last several G–IG cycles, provide strong evidence that SO ventilation plays a significant role in controlling variations in both the amount of respired carbon sequestered in the deep ocean and atmospheric CO2 concentrations on G–IG timescales. Specifically, we suggest that the “organic carbon pump” (OCP) in the SAZ and the physical ventilation processes in the AZ (the “carbon venting valve”) acted together synergistically, but dominated at different intervals over G–IG cycles, to repeatedly switch the SO between carbon sink and carbon source, thereby modulating the atmospheric CO2 over the last 770 kyr. These findings provide new insights into the role of the AZ in controlling deep SO carbon sequestration and atmospheric CO2 levels in G–IG cycles.
Geochemical Characteristics and Their Marine Environmental and Organic Source Implications for the Lower Cambrian Shales in Guizhou Province, South China
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Sibo , Xia Jia , Song Zhiguang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, we conducted systematic analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) content, lipid biomarkers, carbon isotopes of kerogen (δ13Ckerogen), and mineral composition in Niu-ti-tang (Є1n) and Pa-lang (Є1p) shales from Guizhou Province in order to provide a better understanding of the organic sources and marine environmental condition during deposition of the Lower Cambrian shales of South China. The results show that a broad variety of lipid biomarkers, such as n-alkanes, pristane, phytane, terpanes, hopanes, and steranes, are in these shales, which suggests a significant contribution of various paleobios with bacterial microorganisms and algae thriving under a low-salinity and stable anoxic environment. The negative δ13Ckerogen value (minimum −36.4‰) and occurrence of pyrite (1–7.5%) and carbonates (2.4–57.3%) indicate that bacterial sulfate reduction prevailed under anoxic conditions during deposition of the Lower Cambrian shales. Moreover, the difference in mineral and δ13Ckerogen composition between Є1n and Є1p shales might imply significant changes in primary production and paleoocean environments due to sea-level rise, as shown by the higher average TOC content in Є1p shales (2.52%) compared to that in Є1n shales (1.79%). The covariances of TOC content and mineral and δ13Ckerogen composition suggest that the Є1p shales might have been deposited under a higher sea level associated with high primary productivity, compared to Є1n shales. Thus, high primary productivity driven by sea-level rise is suggested to be the main controlling factor on organic matter enrichment in Є1p shales under stable anoxic conditions.
Numerical modeling of dielectric barrier discharge actuators based on the properties of low-frequency plasmons
Authors: Tehrani D. Soltani , Abdizadeh G. R. , Noori S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic flow control systems have proven to be among the most promising flow control strategies within previous decades. Several methods for efficient evaluation and description of the effect of such systems are indeed available. Yet, due to these systems’ critical role in various applications, possible improvements are still investigated. A new phenomenological model is presented for the simulation of the plasma actuators based on the electrodynamic properties of low-frequency plasmons. The model simulates the plasmonic region as a dispersive medium. This dissipated energy is added to the flow by introducing a high-pressure region, calculated in terms of local body force vectors, requiring the distribution of the electric field and the polarization field. The model determines the electric field for the computation of the body force vector based on the Poisson equation and implements the simplified Lorentz model for the polarization field. To fully explore the performance of the presented model, an experiment has been conducted providing a comparison between the observed effect of plasma actuators on the fluid flow with the results predicted by the model. The model is then validated based on the results of other distinct experiments and exempted numerical models, based on the exchanging momentum with the ambient neutrally charged fluid, demonstrating that the model has improved adaptability and self-adjusting capability compared to the available models.
Curricular changes and interim posts during Covid-19: graduates’ perspectives
Authors: Goble Mary , Whitfield Andrew , Ogden-Newton Joseph , Vivekananda-Schmidt Pirashanthie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic UK medical schools facilitated the early graduation of their final-year medical students to ‘Foundation interim Year 1 (FiY1) doctors’ through amendments made to curricula and final assessment. Such changes gave opportunity for evaluation. This study therefore aimed to explore 1) graduate perspective on the implementation of FiY1 and 2) how changes to course structures have affected self-reported preparedness for work. MethodsQuestionnaire surveys using Likert scale and free-text responses (n=45), and semi-structured interviews (n=7) were conducted with FiY1s from two UK medical schools contrasting in the amendments made to course structures. Data were analysed using quantitative methods and thematic analysis; 44% (n=20) of respondents believed that governing health bodies had not communicated sufficiently prior to starting work. ResultsGraduates who had sat modified practical and written examinations reported ‘legitimacy’ and feeling more prepared compared to having not sat examinations (practical 100%, n=17; written 88.3%, n=15). Graduates from both schools agreed that carrying out assistantships as originally scheduled would have made them feel more prepared (91.1%, n=41). ConclusionsThe implementation of FiY1 was largely well received by graduates yet assistantship programmes may fulfil a similar role in normal times. Medical schools and governing bodies must ensure effective communication channels exist with students in order to better prepare them for their first posts, especially in times of crisis. Additionally, final examinations contribute to feelings of preparedness for work and instil a sense of legitimacy, a finding which is relevant to working within the current programmatic assessment structure.
Wiltse approach TLIF for the treatment of single-segment thoracic spinal tuberculosis with neurological deficits and osteoporosis in the elderly: a retrospective study of 20 cases
Authors: Zeng Hao , Liang Yingfang , He Jiaguo , Chen Liyi , Su Haixia , Liao Simi , Huang Sichun , Qin Hongyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of Wiltse approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of single-segment thoracic spinal tuberculosis with neurological deficits (STSTND) in elderly patients with and osteoporosis.MethodsThis study conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 STSTND patients who underwent Wiltse approach TLIF in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. The follow-up time was 37.15±7.37 months (range 24-48 months), and the kyphotic angle was 35.41±6.71°. According to Frankl spinal cord injury classification assessment of neurological deficits. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are used to assess the activity of tuberculosis (TB). Femoral neck bone mineral density measurement T value (BMD T) is used to assess the degree of osteoporosis.Result20 patients with spinal tuberculosis (STB) were completely cured without tuberculosis recurrence. The postoperative kyphotic angle was 8.80±0.79°, and there was no significant loss of correction at the last follow-up. In the case of combined osteoporosis, the bone grafts fuse within 6-9 months and the back pain was relieved. The neurological condition of all patients improved after the operation.ConclusionsWiltse approach TLIF treatment plus anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy is adequate for obtaining satisfactory healing of single-segment thoracic tuberculosis with neurological deficits and osteoporosis in the elderly.
Purification Mechanism Of HCN By Electrochemically Coupled Copper-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles In Liquid Phase Pseudo-Homogeneous System
Authors: Qu Guangfei , Ji Wei , Li Junyan , Liang Shuaiyu , Li Zhishuncheng , Tang Huimin , Zhou Junhong , Ning Ping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
HCN comes from a wide range of sources, but it is highly toxic and corrosive, harming the environment and human health. This experiment used magnetic nano-Fe3O4 particles loaded with Cu were for electrochemical catalytic purification of HCN in a liquid phase pseudo-homogeneous system. The results show that: The purification efficiency of Cu-Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on HCN is 60% without electricity. After a certain voltage is applied, the purification efficiency of 2h with iron-carbon particles is significantly improved, and the purification efficiency can reach about 95%. And the purification efficiency increases with the increase of voltage. The electrochemical synergistic degradation mechanism of Cu-Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles is complex, which can directly catalyze the degradation of HCN or form CNO- intermediates to further degrade into CO2, H2O, NH3, Meanwhile, Fe2+, Cu+, and other transition metal ions in the liquid phase participate in Fenton-like reaction to further degrade HCN. The results show that the synergistic electrochemical degradation of HCN by Cu-Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles has excellent potential to purify highly toxic gases.
4 Short Hairpin RNA Lentiviral Vector-Based System for TRIM5α Knockdown in Cynomolgus Monkey Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Against HIV Infection
Authors: MA Ruirui , Yang Shihua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The restriction factor, TRIM5α is known to limit retroviral infection at an early post-entry stage in a species-specific manner. The current study was designed to assess the efficacy of TRIM5α in restricting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using a pseudo-viral infection model in cynomolgus monkey embryonic fibroblast cells (CMEFs down the TRIM5α expression using the lentivirus short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown vector system. Methods: Three shRNAs against the TRIM5α gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter genes. The stable knockdown of TRIM5α gene expression was confirmed by both real-time RT-PCR as well as Western blot. The lentiviral inducible shRNA vector was then transduced into the CMEFs infected with HIV Pseudo-virus. Results: We successfully designed and cloned three shRNAs targets into lentiviral vectors to knock down the TRIM5α gene expression. Further, transduction of the shRNAs into the pseudo-viral HIV infected CMEFs showed greater susceptibility to the infection. Conclusion: Here, for the first time, we successfully knocked down the TRIM5α gene using RNA interference (RNAi) technology and found TRIM5α-null CMEF cells to be susceptible to HIV pseudo-virus infection. Our research provides an important strategy for the establishment of shRNA based lentiviral vector system for gene knockdown in the cynomolgus monkey animal model against HIV infection.
Importance of arterial vessel length for metastatic lymph node retrieval and survival in standardized left- and right-sided colon cancer surgery
Authors: Tiselius Catarina , Kindler Csaba , Smedh Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background We investigated the localization of lymph node metastases, and the role of arterial vessel- and specimen lengths in left- and right-sided colon cancer surgery, for survival. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional population-based study of specimens from patients who underwent standardized surgical resection for colon cancer in 2012–2015. The mesocolon of the specimens was divided into four sections for pathological analysis of lymph nodes. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between lymph node counts and patient- and surgery-related factors. For survival analysis, a multivariable Cox regression method was used. Results A total of 317 patients (160 females) were included. Median (range) age was 74 (30–95) years. Median number of lymph node retrieval was 32 (8-198) and was associated with increased specimen length but not to arterial vessel length. One hundred and thirty-three (42%) patients had lymph node metastases. In 98% (131/133)of these patients, these were located <5 cm from the tumour. Ten, two and three specimens had lymph node metastases around the central and peripheral ligation of the ileocolic artery and at the central ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, respectively. The tumour stages in these specimens were T3-4N2M0-1. No statistically significant survival benefit was associated with longer arterial vessel length (p =0.429). Conclusions Neither retrieval of lymph nodes nor statistically significant survival was affected by vessel length in standardized left- and right-sided colon cancer surgery.
An Atomistic Insight on Hot Carrier’s Nonlinear Dynamics
Authors: Saxena Praveen , Gupta Fanish , Srivast Anshika , Srivast Pankaj , Saxena Anshu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An innovative atomistic approach for deeper understanding of the ultrafast THz spectroscopy experiments is reported. The coupled Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) with the various nonlinear scattering mechanisms is solved through the Monte Carlo (MC) technique under the influence of the single-cycle THz pulses to observe the ultrafast carrier nonlinear dynamics. The proposed technique is capable to explain the various effects based on the rigorous physics at the atomistic scale. It has the capabilities to overcome the limitations and challenges pose by various density functional theories (DFT) e.g., RT-TDDFT and molecular dynamics based methods used for the demonstration of the hot carrier dynamics. A clear advantage of the proposed real-time approach is shown by no use of any priori assumptions regarding specific nonlinear scatterings which are chosen as the fitting parameters in the relaxation time approximation (RTA) methods. The method has capabilities to capture the full real-time ultrafast carrier dynamics with the inclusion of the superposition of the electron–electron, electron-lattice and electron–phonon scatterings etc. No such method with advances in the theoretical treatments to explain the ultrafast carrier dynamics is reported previously as per the author’s knowledge. The output results of the proposed technique are compared against the experimental findings. The theoretical free carrier absorption spectra are found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones at room temperature.
m6A-related lncRNAs are potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of PAAD patients
Authors: Ou Xi , Chen Yiyang , Zhou Wanbang , Gong Yiju , Liu Jikui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, with insidious onset, difficult early diagnosis, easy metastasis and poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine and long noncoding RNA play important roles in the prognostic value and immunotherapy response of PAAD. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize m6A-related lncRNAs in PAAD patients.Methods: in this study, m6A-related LncRNAs were obtained by co-expression analysis. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct m6A-related LncRNA prognostic models. Kaplan-Meier analysis, principal component analysis, feature-rich annotation, and nomogram were used to analyze the accuracy of risk models. Finally, potential drugs targeting this model are also discussed. Results:A prognostic model based on m6A-related LncRNA was constructed, potential drugs targeting this m6A-related LncRNA feature were discovered, and the relationship with immunotherapy response was studied. Finally, a nomogram was established to predict survival in PAAD patients.Conclusions: this m6A-based LncRNA risk prognostic model may be promising for clinical prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy response in PAAD patients.
Catch the next designer drug: bioactivity data derived pharmacological affinity fingerprints and performance in similarity searching and unsupervised clustering
Authors: He Kedan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Facing the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their threat to public health, more effective methods for NPS prediction and identification are critical. In this study, the pharmacological affinity fingerprints (Ph-fp) of NPS compounds were predicted by Random Forest classification models using bioactivity data from the ChEMBL database. The binary Ph-fp is the vector consisting of a compound’s activity against a list of molecular targets reported to be responsible for the pharmacological effects of NPS. Their performance in similarity searching and unsupervised clustering was assessed and compared to 2D structure fingerprints Morgan and MACCS (1024-bits ECFP4 and 166-bits SMARTS-based MACCS implementation of RDKit). The performance in retrieving compounds according to their pharmacological categorizations is influenced by the predicted active assay counts in Ph-fp and the choice of similarity metric. Overall, the comparative unsupervised clustering analysis shows that Ph-fp constructed using classification models using Morgan fingerprints gives satisfactory performance comparable to Morgan according to external and internal clustering validation indices.