bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Youth Suicidal Behavior: What We Know and Where We Go from Here
Authors: Sheftall Arielle H. , Boyd Rhonda C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch concerning Black youth suicide and suicidal behavior is limited, yet the rates of these behaviors continue to rise in this population of youth. In children, 5–12 years, Black youth are two times more likely to die by suicide than their White peers, and suicide attempts among Black adolescents have increased by 73%. Understanding the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in Black youth is imperative to create prevention efforts for Black youth. This chapter will discuss what is known concerning the topic of Black youth suicidal behavior and provide research, practice, and policy recommendations.
The Rise and Development of Digital Education
Authors: Weller Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the past 25 years, digital education has risen to prominence. It has a direct relationship with open education, which can be considered an umbrella term. In this chapter the rise of digital education is explored through five specific educational technologies. These technologies – the web, Learning Management System (LMS), blogs, social media, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) – all raise issues of control and ease of use. They also have a direct impact on different aspects of open education, which in turn helps inform their development. This chapter sets out the multiple interpretations of open education and their overlap with digital education. By then exploring five educational technologies, common themes are extracted which highlight this intersection of digital and open education.
Out-of-Time-Order correlators in driven conformal field theories
Authors: Das Suchetan , Ezhuthachan Bobby , Kundu Arnab , Porey Somnath , Roy Baishali , Sengupta K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We compute Out-of-Time-Order correlators (OTOCs) for conformal field theories (CFTs) subjected to either continuous or discrete periodic drive protocols. This is achieved by an appropriate analytic continuation of the stroboscopic time. After detailing the general structure, we perform explicit calculations in large-c CFTs where we find that OTOCs display an exponential, an oscillatory and a power-law behaviour in the heating phase, the non-heating phase and on the phase boundary, respectively. In contrast to this, for the Ising CFT representing an integrable model, OTOCs never display such exponential growth. This observation hints towards how OTOCs can demarcate between integrable and chaotic CFT models subjected to a periodic drive. We further explore properties of the light-cone which is characterized by the corresponding butterfly velocity as well as the Lyapunov exponent. Interestingly, as a consequence of the spatial inhomogeneity introduced by the drive, the butterfly velocity, in these systems, has an explicit dependence on the initial location of the operators. We chart out the dependence of the Lyapunov exponent and the butterfly velocities on the frequency and amplitude of the drive for both protocols and discuss the fixed point structure which differentiates such driven CFTs from their undriven counterparts.
Quantum corrections to the primordial tensor spectrum: open EFTs & Markovian decoupling of UV modes
Authors: Brahma Suddhasattwa , Berera Arjun , Calderón-Figueroa Jaime 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Perturbative quantum corrections to primordial power spectra are important for testing the robustness and the regime of validity of inflation as an effective field theory. Although this has been done extensively for the density power spectrum (and, to some extent, for the tensor spectrum) using loop corrections, we do so in an open quantum system approach to the problem. Specifically, we calculate the first-order corrections to the primordial gravitational wave spectrum due to (cubic) tensor interactions alone. We show that our results match expectations from standard loop corrections only in the strict Markovian limit, and therefore, establish a systematic way to relax this approximation in the future, as is generally necessary for gravitational systems.
Topological constraints in the LARGE-volume scenario
Authors: Junghans Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We elaborate on recent results regarding the self-consistency of de Sitter vacua in the LARGE-volume scenario of type IIB string theory. In particular, we analyze to what extent the control over warping, curvature and gs corrections depends on the topology and the orientifold/brane data of a compactification. We compute a general bound on the magnitude of these corrections which strongly constrains the D3 tadpole. The minimally required tadpole ranges from $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(500) to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(106) or more and depends strongly on other data, in particular on the Euler number of the Calabi-Yau 3-fold, the triple-self-intersection and Euler numbers of the small divisor and the coefficient as appearing in the non-perturbative superpotential. We give arguments suggesting that satisfying these constraints is very challenging and perhaps impossible.
Hunting for vampires and other unlikely forms of parity violation at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Lester Christopher G. , Mastandrea Radha , Noel Daniel , Tombs Rupert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-Standard-Model parity violation may be occurring in LHC collisions. Any such violation would go unseen, however, as searches for it are not currently performed. One barrier to searches for parity violation is the lack of model-independent methods sensitive to all of its forms. We remove this barrier by demonstrating an effective and model-independent way to search for parity-violating physics at the LHC. The method is data-driven and makes no reference to any particular parity-violating model. Instead, it inspects data to construct sensitive parity-odd event variables (using machine learning tools), and uses these variables to test for parity asymmetry in independent data. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method by testing it on data simulated from the Standard Model and from a non-standard parity-violating model. This result enables the possibility of investigating a variety of previously unexplored forms of parity violation in particle physics.Data and software are shared at https://zenodo.org/record/6827724.
On the time dependence of holographic complexity for charged AdS black holes with scalar hair
Authors: Auzzi Roberto , Bolognesi Stefano , Rabinovici Eliezer , Schaposnik Massolo Fidel I. , Tallarita Gianni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the presence of a scalar hair perturbation, the Cauchy horizon of a Reissner-Nordström black hole disappears and is replaced by the rapid collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, which leads to a Kasner singularity [1, 2]. We study the time-dependence of holographic complexity, both for the volume and for the action proposals, in a class of models with hairy black holes. Volume complexity can only probe a portion of the black hole interior that remains far away from the Kasner singularity. We provide numerical evidence that the Lloyd bound is satisfied by the volume complexity rate in all the parameter space that we explored. Action complexity can instead probe a portion of the spacetime closer to the singularity. In particular, the complexity rate diverges at the critical timetcfor which the Wheeler-DeWitt patch touches the singularity. After the critical time the action complexity rate approaches a constant. We find that the Kasner exponent does not directly affect the details of the divergence of the complexity rate att=tcand the late-time behaviour of the complexity. The Lloyd bound is violated by action complexity at finite time, because the complexity rate diverges att=tc. We find that the Lloyd bound is satisfied by the asymptotic action complexity rate in all the parameter space that we investigated.
Conformal blocks and bilocal vertex operator transition amplitudes
Authors: Vos Gideon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We revisit the construction of the 2d conformal blocks of primary operator four-point functions as bilocal vertex operator correlators. We find an additional interpretation as a path integral over the reparametrizations of an intermediate cylinder. As a consequence we bridge the gap between the Kähler quantization of virasoro coadjoint orbits, SL(2, ℝ) Chern-Simons theory and the reparametrization formalism of 2d CFT that has made an appearance in recent literature.
Cdk5 regulates IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ dynamics and Ca2+-mediated cell proliferation
Authors: NavaneethaKrishnan Saranya , Law Vincent , Lee Jungkwon , Rosales Jesusa L. , Lee Ki-Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLoss of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) increases ER–mitochondria tethering and ER Ca2+ transfer to the mitochondria, subsequently increasing mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]mt). This suggests a role for Cdk5 in regulating intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, but how Cdk5 is involved in this process remains to be explored. Using ex vivo primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from Cdk5−/− mouse embryos, we show here that loss of Cdk5 causes an increase in cytosolic Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), which is not due to reduced internal Ca2+ store capacity or increased Ca2+ influx from the extracellular milieu. Instead, by stimulation with ATP that mediates release of Ca2+ from internal stores, we determined that the rise in [Ca2+]cyt in Cdk5−/− MEFs is due to increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release from internal stores. Cdk5 interacts with the IP3R1 Ca2+ channel and phosphorylates it at Ser421. Such phosphorylation controls IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release as loss of Cdk5, and thus, loss of IP3R1 Ser421 phosphorylation triggers an increase in IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release in Cdk5−/− MEFs, resulting in elevated [Ca2+]cyt. Elevated [Ca2+]cyt in these cells further induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which upregulates the levels of Nrf2 and its targets, Prx1 and Prx2. Cdk5−/− MEFs, which have elevated [Ca2+]cyt, proliferate at a faster rate compared to wt, and Cdk5−/− embryos have increased body weight and size compared to their wt littermates. Taken together, we show that altered IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ dynamics due to Cdk5 loss correspond to accelerated cell proliferation that correlates with increased body weight and size in Cdk5−/− embryos.
Euphotic representations and rigid automorphic data
Authors: Jakob Konstantin , Yun Zhiwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose a new method to construct rigid G-automorphic representations and rigid $${\widehat{G}}$$

G
^

-local systems for reductive groups G. The construction involves the notion of euphotic representations, and the proof for rigidity involves the geometry of certain Hessenberg varieties.
Diabetes precision medicine: plenty of potential, pitfalls and perils but not yet ready for prime time
Authors: Griffin Simon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRapid advances in technology and data science have the potential to improve the precision of preventive and therapeutic interventions, and enable the right treatment to be recommended, at the right time, to the right person. There are well-described examples of successful precision medicine approaches for monogenic conditions such as specific diets for phenylketonuria, and sulfonylurea treatments for certain types of MODY. However, the majority of chronic diseases are polygenic, and it is unlikely that the research strategies used for monogenic diseases will deliver similar changes to practice for polygenic traits. Type 2 diabetes, for example, is a multifactorial, heterogeneous, polygenic palette of metabolic disorders. In this non-systematic review I highlight limitations of the evidence, and the challenges that need to be overcome prior to implementation of precision medicine in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Most precision medicine approaches are spuriously precise, overly complex and too narrowly focused on predicting blood glucose levels with a limited set of characteristics of individuals rather than the whole person and their context. Overall, the evidence to date is insufficient to justify widespread implementation of precision medicine approaches into routine clinical practice for type 2 diabetes. We need to retain a degree of humility and healthy scepticism when evaluating novel strategies, and to demand that existing evidence thresholds are exceeded prior to implementation.
Graphical abstract
Quantum vs. Classical Algorithms for Solving the Heat Equation
Authors: Linden Noah , Montanaro Ashley , Shao Changpeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum computers are predicted to outperform classical ones for solving partial differential equations, perhaps exponentially. Here we consider a prototypical PDE—the heat equation in a rectangular region—and compare in detail the complexities of ten classical and quantum algorithms for solving it, in the sense of approximately computing the amount of heat in a given region. We find that, for spatial dimension$$d \ge 2$$d≥2, there is an at most quadratic quantum speedup in terms of the allowable error$$\epsilon $$ϵusing an approach based on applying amplitude estimation to an accelerated classical random walk. However, an alternative approach based on a quantum algorithm for linear equations is never faster than the best classical algorithms.
In vivo monitoring of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in the nasal and vaginal mucosa using infrared fluorescence
Authors: Silva-Bea Sergio , Francisco-Tomé Mónica , Cabrera-Alvargonzález Jorge J. , Potel Carmen , Álvarez Maximiliano , Pérez Sonia , Regueiro Benito , Cabral Maria P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the genus Lactiplantibacillus have been explored as potential mucosal vaccine vectors due to their ability to elicit an immune response against expressed foreign antigens and to their safety. However, tools for monitoring LAB distribution and persistence at the mucosal surfaces are needed. Here, we characterize Lactiplantibacillus plantarum bacteria expressing the infrared fluorescent protein IRFP713 for exploring their in vivo distribution in the mucosa and potential use as a mucosal vaccine vector. This bacterial species is commonly used as a vaginal probiotic and was recently found to have a niche in the human nose. Three different fluorescent L. plantarum strains were obtained using the nisin-inducible pNZRK-IRFP713 plasmid which contains the nisRK genes, showing stable and constitutive expression of IRFP713 in vitro. One of these strains was further monitored in BALB/c mice using near-infrared fluorescence, indicating successful colonization of the nasal and vaginal mucosae for up to 72 h. This study thus provides a tool for the in vivo spatiotemporal monitoring of lactiplantibacilli, allowing non-invasive bacterial detection in these mucosal sites.

Key points
• Stable and constitutive expression of the IRFP713 protein was obtained in different L. plantarum strains.
• IRFP713+ L. plantarum 3.12.1 was monitored in vivo using near-infrared fluorescence.
• Residence times observed after intranasal and vaginal inoculation were 24–72 h.

Graphical abstract
Cosmetic Revision Surgeries after Transfeminine Vaginoplasty
Authors: Mañero Ivan , Arno Anna I. , Herrero Roberto , Labanca Trinidad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Vaginoplasty is the most frequent genital gender-affirming surgery. Although both functional and aesthetic outcomes after transfeminine vaginoplasty have improved over the years, cosmetic revision surgeries demand after transfeminine vaginoplasty appears to be increasing and requires updated knowledge.

Methods
All patients who underwent vulvar cosmetic revision surgeries at our institution following transfeminine vaginoplasty from January 2014 to April 2022 were studied. The prevalence, topography and surgical techniques of cosmetic revision surgeries after transfeminine genital gender-affirming surgery were examined using clinical charts review and statistical analysis.

Results
During the study period, 354 patients underwent gender-affirming vaginoplasty at our single institution (212 penile inversion vaginoplasty, 122 colovaginoplasty and 20 penile inversion vaginoplasty with scrotal skin graft patients). Forty out of these 354 patients (11.29%) required cosmetic revision surgery after transfeminine vaginoplasty; additionally, 44 patients with vaginoplasty performed at other centres also underwent vulvar cosmetic revision surgery at our clinic during the study period. From all performed cosmetic revision surgeries, most of them (31.42%) were labia corrections, followed by clitoris (23.26%) repair surgeries. Mons Venus (10.20%), urethral meatus (9.38%), spongiosus tissue remnants (8.57%) and introitus (6.53%) revisions followed in frequency. Corrections of peri-inguinal scars (5.30%), anterior commissure (2.84%) and inferior fourchette (2.42%) were less prevalent. No differences were found among the different studied vaginoplasty techniques regarding cosmetic revision surgery prevalence or topography following transfeminine vaginoplasty (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Cosmetic revision surgeries after transfeminine vaginoplasty are frequent. In our large and long-term cohort study, labiaplasty followed by clitoroplasty were found as the most required cosmetic revision surgical procedures. Further multicentre, prospective and controlled studies are necessary to improve cosmetic outcomes and scientific evidence after transfeminine vaginoplasty.

Level of evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Percutaneous Thrombectomy in Patients with Occlusions of the Aortoiliac Segment: A Case Series
Authors: Sieren Malte Maria , Pfarr Julian , Aludin Schekeb , Mostafa Karim , Stahlberg Erik , Wegner Franz , Mogadas Sam , Rusch Rene , Horn Marco , Schäfer Philipp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Thrombectomy of the aortoiliac segment remains a challenge for surgical and endovascular revision. This study aimed to evaluate the concept of percutaneous thrombectomy in patients with aortoiliac segment occlusions.

Materials & Methods
Eighteen patients with aortoiliac occlusion who underwent percutaneous thrombectomy were retrospectively identified using the local picture archive and divided into the stent-graft (N = 10) and native vessels (N  =  8) groups. The procedure was performed by placing a 12–24 French sheath adjacent to the distal end of the occluded vessel segment. The occlusion was passed with a balloon catheter which was retracted after inflation, to deliver the thrombus into the sheath. Technical success (reperfusion of the vessel and no residual thrombus/stenosis < 30%), complications and primary arterial patency were assessed. Follow-up included computed tomography angiography and evaluation of the clinical situation via telephone.

Results
Technical success was achieved in 38% (7/18) of patients after percutaneous thrombectomy alone and in 100% after additional procedures. The most common complication was peripheral embolism (44%, 8/18), which was treated successfully in all cases and was linked to a mismatch between the sheath and target vessel of ≥ 1 mm (P < .01). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Primary patency was 72% (13/18) with no significant difference between groups (P  =  .94). Follow-up CT scans were available for 13/18 patients (72%), with a mean follow-up time of 270  ±  146 days. All patients were contacted via phone (follow-up time, 653  ±  264 days).

Conclusion
Percutaneous thrombectomy appears to be effective for revascularization of the aortoiliac segment, both in stent-grafts and in native vessels. The most common complication is peripheral embolism; however, the risk may be reduced by choosing an adequate sheath size.
Effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fedratinib in healthy adults
Authors: Chen Yizhe , Ogasawara Ken , Wood-Horrall Rebecca , Thomas Mark , Thomas Michael , He Bing , Liu Liangang , Xue Yongjun , Surapaneni Sekhar , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Zhou Simon , Palmisano Maria , Krishna Gopal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Fedratinib is an orally administered Janus kinase (JAK) 2–selective inhibitor for the treatment of adult patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk primary or secondary myelofibrosis. In vitro, fedratinib is predominantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C19. Coadministration of fedratinib with CYP3A4 inhibitors is predicted to increase systemic exposure to fedratinib. This study evaluated the effect of multiple doses of the dual CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 inhibitor, fluconazole, on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fedratinib.

Methods
In this non-randomized, fixed-sequence, open-label study, healthy adult participants first received a single oral dose of fedratinib 100 mg on day 1. Participants then received fluconazole 400 mg on day 10 and fluconazole 200 mg once daily on days 11–23, with a single oral dose of fedratinib 100 mg on day 18. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for fedratinib administered with and without fluconazole.

Results
A total of 16 participants completed the study and were included in the pharmacokinetic population. Coadministration of fedratinib with fluconazole increased maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t) of fedratinib by 21% and 56%, respectively, compared with fedratinib alone. Single oral doses of fedratinib 100 mg administered with or without fluconazole were well tolerated.

Conclusions
Systemic exposure after a single oral dose of fedratinib was increased by up to 56% when fedratinib was coadministered with fluconazole compared with fedratinib alone.

Trial registry: Clinicaltrials.gov
NCT04702464.