bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of the structure of meadow-chernozem soils in different eco-industrial conditions
Authors: Novykh L L , Eliseeva N V , Tesheva S A , Voloshenko I V , Slyusarenko E E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The features of the structure of semi-hydromorphic meadow-chernozem soils in the Central Chernozem region (Belgorod oblast) and in the Krasnodar territory are studied. Both regions are characterized by the dominance of chernozem soils, but with different specialization of grain farming. It was identified that the patterns of changes of the waterproofness of the structure vary considerably in the study soils. Ambiguous results of assessing the quality of the arable soils using classifications by different authors were obtained. It is shown that the determination of the degradation degree of arable soils by the absolute values of the structure parameters is incorrect. The structure of arable and fallow soils for each region was compared. The content of agronomically valuable fractions in the arable horizons of cultivated soils and humus horizons of fallow lands shows that there is no degradation of the structure in rice soils, and in meadow-chernozem there is weak degradation in the «plow sole».
Comparative evaluation of diseases affection of winter and spring false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) in the Krasnodar region
Authors: Serdyuk O , Trubina V , Gorlova L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We carried out the phytosanitary monitoring of winter and spring false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) in the central zone of the Krasnodar region to comparatively evaluate the diseases affection for effective breeding work to develop varieties resistant to the most common and dangerous crop diseases. We noted the same frequency of occurrence of Alternaria blight, Fusarium blight, Sclerotinia blight, bacterial blight and phytoplasma disease on both forms of false flax. We observed the differences between winter and spring false flax in affection by downy mildew, powdery mildew, and white rust. The most harmful of the frequent diseases were downy mildew on winter false flax, and Fusarium blight on spring false flax, so one of the directions in breeding work with false flax is to develop varieties resistant to the affection by these diseases.
The state and problems of food security ensuring in Russia
Authors: Bukhtiyarova Tatiana , Artamonova Irina , Baturina Irina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Most researchers adhere to the opinion that food security is the ability of the state, independently from other states and international organizations, to provide its citizens with safe and quality products that are enough for an active and healthy life. At the same time, sufficient food selfprovisioning of the state increases the level of national security and ensures independence from other states. Achieving an optimal level of food security always relates to the need to level out and eliminate the consequences of various threats and risks. Threats to food security often arise simultaneously with a decline in revenue of most of the population, poorly developed social infrastructure, imbalances in the development of the agricultural and industrial sectors of the economy, etc. These positions define the research topic, the relevance of which is determined by the current implementation of food security and the identified problems of its provision.
The effect of synergism in seed treatment with electron-donor solution and UV irradiation
Authors: Rudenok V A , Kondrateva N P , Mazunina N I , Tikhonova O S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper shows the synergistic effect of simultaneous exposure to ultraviolet radiation and electron-donor solution on the seed germination of grain crops. When the seed is moistened, the biochemical processes that control the growth of the root system and stem are activated in them. The purpose of the study is to determine the presence of a synergistic effect on seed germination of grain crops with simultaneous exposure to ultraviolet radiation and electron-donor solution. It was found out that the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is affected by the time of seed soaking, the weight of seeds and the type of grain crops. The best soaking time turned out to be 18 hours, the greatest negative ORP was in oat seeds -510 mV (100%), in barley and rye it was 487mV (95%), in wheat - 462 mV (91%). The greatest synergistic effect was obtained with a 10-minute exposure to UV irradiation of seeds at a dose of 1,882 ± 14.1 J/m2, followed by soaking in an electron-donor solution. In this case, the height of the sprouts was 108.8 mm (100%). At an exposure of 15 min (UV radiation dose 2.813 ±18.3 J/m2), the effect was slightly lower. The height of the sprouts was 107.6 mm (98.9%)
A model of a reflective surface under the Shklovsky-de Genet topology
Authors: Gallyamova T R , Gallyamov S R , Kuznetsova O V , Soboleva E N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A rough surface is studied. Its reflective features are related to the geometry of a random allocation of a solid opaque medium, the surface of which separates it from a translucent medium. A model of a real rough surface is suggested. It is based on the Shklovsky-de Genet topology, which uses the concept of a connecting cluster, which is divided into a skeleton (core) and dead ends (drop points). A step parameter is chosen as the roughness value in the model, as it is reliably detected using a profilometer. It is demonstrated that data concerning the step parameter allows to analytically evaluate the spectral reflection coefficient of surfaces with a known reflection indicatrix in a wide range of wavelengths.
Analysis of the functions and connections of the mixer for the preparation of biologically active supplements
Authors: Okhotnikova I A , Kasimov N G , Ivanov A G , Fadeev V L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The technological advancement of preparation of biologically active supplements included in the diet of farm animals demands the search for new design schemes of mixers ensuring the implementation of the introduced, progressive technologies. The analysis of functions and connections is essential to determine the most rational design scheme of the mixer for the preparation of biologically active supplements. The most suitable means of achieving this goal is functional-morphological analysis. During the analysis, the mixer functions were determined and structured according to their relevance: the main and additional ones. The developed functional model of the mixer provides a visual representation of the hierarchy of functions and connections between them. The emerging need to study the elements of the mixer design and their connections are displayed in the developed morphological model of the mixer and the combined functional-morphological model. In the result, alternative structural elements of the mixer have been identified. Their combinations are presented in the morphological matrix of solutions. The technique used allowed us to determine a rational design scheme of the mixer, consisting of an electric drive with a paddle movable object, with the provision of heating of the chamber by U-shaped heating elements. This solution will enable the use of an automatic mixer control system and meet the guidelines of the technological process for the preparation of biologically active supplements.
Improving the quality of water treatment in boiler rooms through the use of natural sorbents
Authors: Artamonova L P , Dolgov O G , Spiridonov A B , Kopysova T S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to the important requirements of the present time to the issues of operating reliability of heat-stressed boiler surfaces, the condition of the pipeline heat supply system and the quality of makeup water. The fight against the formation of scale and corrosion is the main task which is solved in the process of process water preparation, since significant contamination of the surfaces of heat exchange equipment with various kinds of deposits of mineral salts and the presence of corrosion products lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of heating equipment operation, and the consequence is usually its failure. One of the essential factors in the operation of heat exchange equipment is the quality of the organization of the water-chemical regime - the determination of the necessary technological parameters, the composition of the filter load, the doses of all reagents, allowing to minimize the process of formation of mineral deposits and the area of corroded material structures. The article presents experimental data on the influence of natural sorbents on the quality of artesian water preparation for the needs of the population. The results of scientific research on the determination of composition and sorbent dose for water purification in the process of water treatment to prevent the formation of deposits and corrosion of equipment materials are presented. The assumption is confirmed that the use of natural sorbents reduces the content level of all “problematic” elements in the process of water treatment to standard values.
Innovative forms of organization of food provision for low-income and no-income people
Authors: Mindlin Yury , Mityashin Gleb , Tikhomirov Evgeny 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the issue of food security for indigent is considered. The authors note the need to move from traditional methods to innovative ones. By innovative methods, the authors understand methods that are aimed at several problems, one of which is the organization of access to food for people in need. Free food from commercial enterprises and foodsharing are considered as innovative forms. The paper performs a stakeholder analysis of the listed forms of providing food to indigent and formulates recommendations for optimizing each of them.
The effect of plant components on the rheological properties of chopped semi-finished products from mulard meat
Authors: Sharipova A F , Chernenkov E N , Gazeev I R , Kaluzhina O Yu , Nugumanov R R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article presents the results of an analysis to assess the effect of plant components on the rheological properties of chopped semi-finished products from mulard meat. Flour-ground talkan oatmeal, pea flour, white sesame flour and kelp algae were used as vegetable components. During the experiment, the analysis of changes in general deformation, plastic deformation, elastic deformation and modulus of elasticity was carried out. The nature of the change in the criterion of stickiness (adhesion) and consistency according to its five descriptors describing the consumer properties of products was also considered. The results of the study indicate a positive dynamics of changes in rheological parameters when plant components are introduced into the recipe. The analysis of the data obtained allows to establish 4% white sesame flour and 5% kelp as the recommended dosage for adding to the recipe of chopped semi-finished products from mulard meat.
Using the electrohydraulic impact method to obtain manure fertilizers
Authors: Spiridonov A B , Anisimova K V , Glavatskikh N G , Porobova O B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Currently, animal husbandry and poultry farming waste, cattle and pig manure, bird droppings are prohibited to be exported to the fields and used as fertilizer without pretreatment. The standard disinfection process is reduced to composting, which takes 3-12 months. A promising direction of intensification of animal waste processing is the creation of a specially formed pulsed high-voltage electric discharge inside the liquid volume. Under the influence of which the microbial flora – bacteria and fungi - intensively dies. Specialists of the SPA “Spiral” have developed a pilot plant for manure treatment. The test results showed that coliform and Enterobacteria, including dysentery bacillus, were completely destroyed after processing a sample of cattle manure by the EGI method.
Implementation of a comprehensive scientific and technical project “Breeding and seed production of new domestic potato varieties of Ural breeding for various purposes” in the Middle Urals
Authors: Karpukhin M Yu , Batyrshina E R , Chapalda T L , Artemieva T A , Yushkin E M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive scientific and technical project “Breeding and seed production of new domestic potato varieties of Ural breeding for various purposes” has been implemented on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Region since 2018. Customer: Breeding and seed-growing company “Uralsky Kartofel (Ural potato)”. Participants: Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Agrarian University”, Ural Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Joint Stock Company Agroindustrial Complex “Belorechenskiy”, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Agrarian University”. Based on the use of modern equipment for microclonal reproduction and diagnostics of pathogens using PCR analysis and robotic DNA technologies, the production of original, elite seed material of domestic (Ural) potato varieties has been established. During the period of the project implementation, new competitive potato varieties Terra and Alaska were registered. Laboratory and field studies were carried out and new data were obtained on the development of elements of the growing technology for elite seed potatoes on the basis of LLC BSC “Uralsky Kartofel” and JSC AIC “Belorechenskiy” [5,17]. The directions of further research on the development of technological regulations for seed production and the Ural technology of cultivation of original, elite and reproductive planting material are determined. The work was carried out within the framework of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”.
Enrichment study of chopped half-finished poultry meat with calcium by introducing nutrients of animal and vegetable origin
Authors: Borisova V , Terentyev S , Sazonova E , Kurskaya Yu , Kramlich O 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The most significant components of the food quality are its chemical composition, biological value and effectiveness. It is especially important to have a chemical composition for nutritional food and drink, in which functional ingredients of plant and animal origin are additionally added. A promising production basis is poultry meat as a raw material with a high yield, fast rates of receipt and cost recovery for raising, as well as high nutritional value. The article shows the findings of the development and production of enriched half-finished broiler meat in stock. The enrichment of the developed half-finished products was done with raw materials containing calcium: mineral enriching agent from eggshell, black and white sesame. The biological value of half-finished products was improved due to the introduction of coagulated egg mix. The performed studies have proved that the addition of a mineral enriching agent is more prospective in comparison with the enrichment of vegetable raw materials in terms of calcium content. Meanwhile, its addition in a considerable amount worsens the organoleptic parameters of half-finished products, which is a negative factor. The use of black sesame enhances the calcium content in half-finished products in a substantial amount. The addition of white sesame slightly raised the calcium content in the half-finished products. However, these half-finished products were noted for their high organoleptic parameters.
The effect of different doses of lime on the potash state in sod-medium podzolic medium loamy soil
Authors: Isupov A N , Belosludtsev D V , Ukhov P A , Lozhkina L A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To study the transformation of soil potassium under the action of lime doses, long-term microfield experience was used. The one-factor experiment is laid in sixfold repetition. The location of plots is systematic with an offset. During three years of research, the following cultures of the crop rotation link were cultivated: annual grasses (vetch-oat mixture), winter triticale (variety - Izhevsk 2), spring wheat (variety - Yoldyz). In a long-term experiment on sod-medium podzolic medium loamy soil, it was found that the use of various doses of lime did not reduce the content of water-soluble and easily exchangeable potassium, but significantly increased the amount of mobile potassium to 8 mg/kg and non-exchangeable potassium to 13 mg/kg in the soil. In addition, liming affected the productivity of agricultural crops. Depending on the lime dose, it increased by 4 - 20%.
Effect of plant-based enriching ingredients on the cost-effectiveness of food production
Authors: Agibalov A V , Derkansova N M , Zaitseva I I , Zaporozhtseva L A , Shelamova S A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article presents an assessment of the cost-effectiveness from the introduction into the production of the developed method of producing a layered cookie based on a cracker enriched with food fibres and a fruit lipstick mass with amaranth dyes. Based on the analysis of the current state of the regional market and consumer preferences for enriched flour confectionery products, as well as based on innovative trends in the development of the bakery and confectionery industries, it is proposed to expand the range of enriched cookies by introducing non-traditional components from domestic vegetal raw materials obtained using resource-saving technology, namely: for baked semi-product - finely dispersed powder from squeezes of pumpkin pulp of Muscat grade dried by low-temperature vacuum evaporation; for finishing semi-product (lipstick mass) - water-and-alcohol extract from leaf mass of amaranth of Valentine grade. Theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed the positive effect of the use of technological solutions in the production of layered cookies, there was an improvement in the chemical composition and consumer properties of layered cookies, which allows to more fully satisfy market needs, increase the competitiveness of finished products along with reducing production costs. The calculation of economic efficiency from production of traditional and developed technology of enriched layered cookies is presented. Economic calculations show the profitability of layered cookies such as the cracker “Custom New”.
Mathematical substantiation of the efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Stolyarov O V , Kolodyazhny S V , Zadorozhnaya V A , Shishkina L A , Tkacheva Yu V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sunflower is one of the strategic crops of the agro-industrial complex not only in Russia, but also around the world: sunflower seeds are used not only for food products and feed from production waste, but also for energy carriers. In recent years, the cost of sunflower oil has shown high growth dynamics, and we believe that against the background of the general growth in the consumption of “green” renewable energy, it will also show growth. The high demand for sunflower oilseeds both in the domestic and foreign markets is due to the wide range of products produced from this raw material, and this trend has persisted for many years due to an increase in the population and an increasing demand for high-quality food products. In addition, an increasing number of consumers in Russia have a negative attitude towards the widespread palm oil on the international market, preferring sunflower oil or its processed products. Sunflower oilseeds are cultivated everywhere both in the Russian Federation and in the world. However, the high variability of soil-climatic conditions, the emergence of new varieties, hybrids and plant protection products with high attention to zero soil treatment technologies require research and justification of mass production. The high price of the crop made it possible not to touch on the issues of the effectiveness of sunflower cultivation and ensuring its high quality, this article is designed to fill in these gaps. The authors of the article investigate the hypothesis of the dependence of sunflower quality on the technology of its cultivation. Mathematical methods were used to substantiate the conclusions, which made it possible to identify significant and secondary factors of cultivation technology and obtain an assessment model.
Justification for the culverts’ design with joint operation of a water cylinder with a side weir
Authors: Bakshtanin A.M. , Zhukova T.Yu. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to the actual topic of the substantiation of the culverts’ design with the joint operation of a water cylinder with a lateral flow outlet. In the article, the advantages and disadvantages of gravity and pressure flow are considered. Under catastrophic conditions, structures with a non-pressurized regime are safer since they have a high reserve of carrying capacity, and structures with a pressurized regime have a large carrying capacity. Today, there is a tendency to use energy dissipation methods using a water cylinder with a side outlet of the water flow in the bottom reach. It is necessary to use water flows when increasing the construction territory of hydraulic structures in mountainous and foothill sections of rivers. A design diagram of a water cylinder with a lateral water outlet when using water cylinder is proposed; the work shows a cylinder with a zero-bottom slope of a rectangular section. A roller with a rotation axis is considered in the article; the flow follows to the wall of the water cylinder along the length of the side walls, a water flow approaches with the expansion in the vertical plane of the side cutout; a flow is formed in the cylinder in the area of the tunnel joining to the cylinder, the outlet channel design and energy dissipation are also considered.
The need for and ways to improve resilience food security of Russia
Authors: Adukov R Kh , Zakharov R V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article shows that the achievement of the thresholds pointed in the Food Security Doctrine for the period up to 2030 does not ensure that the per capita consumption of basic foodstuffs is brought up to rational norms. The need to improve the sustainability of food security in Russia is noted. It has been established that this problem has not received due attention in the indicated Doctrine. The main factors on which the success of solving this problem depends are listed. These include the development of the economy and an increase in employment and income of the population, the optimization of inter- and intra-sectoral relations, the creation of favorable conditions for the development of small business in agriculture, an increase of the regions’ self-sufficiency with basic types of food. Expressed the expediency of reflecting the listed factors in the section “Risks and Threats to Food Security” of the named Doctrine. The necessity of taking effective measures aimed at taking these factors into account has been substantiated.
Application of digital technologies in the selection of technologies for the cultivation of grain crops
Authors: Alt V V , Balushkina E A , Isakova S P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The important aspects for the choice of agricultural technologies in crop production, the influence of the existing composition and condition of the machine and tractor fleet on the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy are shown. The relevance of solving the problem of automated selection of technologies and technical means is shown. A brief analysis of software in the field of automated formation of agricultural technologies and technical support is given, taking into account many factors affecting the solution of the problem.