bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malicious Attack Classification Based-on Continuous Hidden Markov Models in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: SATORI Hassan , Boutazart Youssef , Abderahim Ezzine , satori Khalid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alongside the rapid progress of Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies, sensors and networks can rapidly be victim of distributed attacks. Attackers can perform intrusions to breakdown the network during the routing process, intercept gathered data by dropping or re-sharing them. To avoid the increasing of security issues, many attack identification models were proposed in WSNs in which detection systems are deployed to collect sensed data and categorize them using machine learning and stochastic

binary-classification techniques. In this work, a new method is introduced to analyze and classify WSN dataset. We aim to design an anomaly identification approach to improve the sensor network security, it efficiency with high accuracy. To reach this goal, machine learning approaches are used to define a detection system which learn from routing dataset to identify network malicious entries.

The proposed models is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) stochastic assumptions. Also, dimensionality reduction technique was deployed to select the most relevant features for training. The experimentation phase was realized on own made dataset reflecting different network situations of normal and attacked cases. The outcomes performances of the proposed method were obtained with classification accuracy of 92.18% using 2HMM/3GMMclassifier. This result demonstrate the quality of our proposed approach compared with existing literature and its usefulness to improve the security of WSN.
Development of 3D body shape creation methodology for obesity information and body shape management for tracking body condition check: body type in their 20s and 30s
Authors: Kim Changgyun , Youm Sekyoung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates how to generate a three-dimensional (3D) body model through a small number of images and derive body values ​​similar to the actual values ​​by using the generated 3D body data. In this study, a 3D body model that can be used for body type diagnosis was developed using two full-body pictures of the front and side taken with a mobile phone. For data learning, 400 3D body datasets (male: 200, female: 200) provided by Size Korea were used, and four models, i.e., 3D recurrent reconstruction neural network, point cloud generative adversarial network, skinned multi-person linear model, and pixel-aligned impact function for high-resolution 3D human digitization, were used. The models proposed in this study were analyzed and compared. Total 10 men and women were analyzed, and their corresponding 3D models were verified by comparing the 3D body data derived from 2D image inputs with those obtained using a body scanner. The model was verified through the difference between the 3D data derived from the 2D image and those derived using an actual body scanner. Unlike the 3D generation models that could not be used to derive the body values in this study, the proposed model was successfully used to derive various body values, indicating that this model can be implemented to identify various body types and monitor obesity in the future.
Paternal genetic diversity, differentiation and phylogeny of three white yak breeds/populations in China
Authors: Luo Jing , Wei Xudong , Liu Wenxian , Chen Shengmei , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Sun Wenping , Lei Chuzhao , Ma Zhijie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The white yak, a unique and valuable farm animal of the Qinghai-Tibetian Plateau, is mainly distributed in Tianzhu (County of Gansu Province), Menyuan, Huzhu and Ledu (three Counties of Qinghai Province) in China. In the present study, the Y-chromosomal based genetic diversity, differentiation and phylogeny of three Chinese white yak breeds/populations (Tianzhu, Huzhu and Menyuan) were comprehensively explored using five Y-SNPs (SRY4, USP9Y, UTY19, AMELY3 and OFD1Y10) and one Y-STR (INRA189) markers. The results of this study showed that six Y-haplotypes (H1Y1, H9Y1, H10Y1, H11Y2, H12Y2 and H13Y2) were identified in 97 male yaks from three white yak breeds/populations. Among haplotypes, H1Y1, H10Y1 and H11Y2 were shared haplotypes for all of breeds/populations and H12Y2 was shared by Tianzhu and Huzhu populations. However, H9Y1 and H13Y2 haplotypes were only detected in Menyuan and Tianzhu white yak populations, respectively. The Y-haplotype diversity was maximum in Huzhu white yak (0.7500±0.0349), the medium in Tianzhu white yak (0.6881±0.0614) and lowest in Menyuan white yak (0.5720±0.0657), respectively. The total Y-haplotype diversity of three white yak breeds/populations was 0.7567±0.0233, indicating rich paternal genetic diversity in white yak. The FST values showed a moderate differentiation between Tianzhu and Menyuan (FST =0.0763, P<0.05) populations, weak differentiation between Huzhu and Tianzhu white yak breeds/populations (FST =0.0186, P>0.05) and Huzhu and Menyuan (FST =-0.005, P>0.05) populations. The clustering analysis showed a close genetic relationship between Huzhu and Menyuan white yaks and far from Tianzhu white yak breed. The phylogenetic analyses showed that white yak had two Y-haplogroups/lineages (Y1 and Y2) with two potential paternal origins. The data of present study could contribute to the conservation and utilization of special white yak genetic resources.
Baicalein inhibits renal cancer cell growth and metastasis via ERK and p38 pathway
Authors: Guo Zhaoxin , Liu Tianyu , Lv Renguang , Zhang Yongzhen , Meng Liwei , Zhou Zunlin , Liu Zhaoxu , Yan Lei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Baicalein has exhibited anti-tumor effects against several cells of different origins. However, the potential effects of baicalein on renal cancer has not been investigated.
Methods
Human A498 and 786-O cell lines were used to investigate the antirenal acitivity of baicalein. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Cell migration was assessed by scratch assay and transwell migration assay in vitro. Transwell invasion assay was carried out to evaluate the effect of baicalein on cell invasion. Apoptosis assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis using the Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit. The protein expression of ERK, p-ERK, p38, p-p38, p53, bax, bcl-2 and survivin were measured by WB assay.
Results
Baicalein significantly inhibited the proliferation of A498 and 786-O cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The similar effect of baicalein on cell migration, invasion and cell apoptosis were observed. Mechanismlly, ERK and p38 MAPK pathways account for the anti-tumor effects of baicalein.
Conclusions
Baicalein can induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of renal caner cells through inhibition of the ERK and p38R pathway.
The association between the shoulder abductor strength and the tracheostomy in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Jian Yunbo , Mu Zhiping , Sun Dawei , Zhang Dan , Zhang Zhengfeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Early prediction of tracheostomy in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (TCSCI) patients is often difficult. This study aims to clarify the association between the shoulder abductor strength (SAS) and the tracheostomy in patients with TCSCI.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 513 TCSCI patients who were treated in our hospital. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had undergone a tracheostomy. Potential predictors were assessed for their association with tracheostomy in patients. A nomogram was developed based on multivariable logistic regression analysis (MLRA) to visualize the predictive ability of the SAS. Validation of the nomogram was performed to judge whether the nomogram was reliable for visual analysis of the SAS. Receiver operating characteristics curve, specificity, and sensitivity were also performed to assess the predictive ability of the SAS.
Results
The proportion of patients with the SAS grade 0–2 was significantly higher in the tracheostomy group than in non-tracheostomy group (88.1% vs. 54.8%, p = 0.001). The SAS grade 0–2 was identified as a significant predictor of the tracheostomy (OR: 4.505; 95% CI: 2.080–9.758; p = 0.001). Points corresponding to both the SAS grade 0–2 and the neurological level of injury at C2-C4 were between 60 and 70 in the nomogram. The area under the curve for the SAS grade 0–2 was 0.692. The sensitivity of SAS grade 0–2 was 0.239. The specificity of SAS grade 0–2 was 0.951.
Conclusions
The SAS is a novel predictor of tracheostomy in patients after TCSCI. The SAS grade 0–2 had a good predictive ability of tracheostomy.
Exploitation of indigenous knowledge to control gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle during droughts
Authors: Kamba Evelyn Tatenda , Chimonyo Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) exacerbate the impact of droughts on the survival of cattle. Because of the inadequacies of conventional system, it is becoming increasingly important to explore indigenous knowledge systems to create drought tolerant herds through GIN control. The objective of the study was to explore the indigenous methods of GIN control during droughts. Face-to-face interviews with experts on indigenous knowledge were conducted to give insight on importance, methods and ranking of GIN control. The experts sampled 86 cattle that were used to test their assertions. The control methods used were; identification of susceptible cattle using predisposing factors, diagnosis of GIN burdens using faecal appearance and treatment using phytotherapy. Experts ranked predisposing factors as the most important control strategy and identified body condition, class, sex, coat colour, pregnancy status and lactation status as predisposing factors to high GIN burdens. Thin, older, dark coloured cattle as well as pregnant and lactating cows were considered susceptible. Pregnancy status, coat colour and sex, however, were significantly associated to high GIN burdens. Females were 2.6 times more likely to have high GIN burdens as opposed to males. Dark coloured cattle were 3.5 times more likely to have high GIN burdens as compared to light coloured ones and likelihood of pregnant cows was 4.9 times higher than non-pregnant cows. A dark coloured pregnant cow was extremely susceptible to high GIN burdens. Knowledge of predisposing factors informed selection decisions when purchasing foundation stock. Susceptible animals were prioritized during droughts or culled where resources were scarce.
The relationship between glycemic status and the risk of third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsy: a nationwide population-based study (2009-2018)
Authors: Lee Chaeyeon , Han Kyung Do , Yoo Juhwan , Park Kyung-Ah , Oh Sei Yeul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Abstract: The incidence of diabetes is increasing globally and prediabetes is clinically important. However, the relationship between diabetic duration and ocular motor cranial nerve palsy (CNP) was not evaluated in large scale study and studies on ocular motor CNP in pre-diabetes are sparse.Backgroud/Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between glycemic status and the incidence of ocular motor CNP.Subjects/Methods: This is a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of South Korea data from 2009. Health checkup data of 4,067,842 individuals aged between 20 and 90 years between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, were analyzed. The subjects were classified based on glycemic status as nondiabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly detected diabetes, diabetes duration <5 years, and diabetes duration ≥5 years. The primary end point of this study was incidence of CNP. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CNP were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Model 3 adjusted age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity of individuals and body mass index in the analysis. Results: We identified 5,835 incident CNP cases and 4,062,007 control cases during the follow-up period (average, 6.3 years). In the adjusted model 3, the adjusted HR for the IFG group was 1.104 (95% CI 1.035 - 1.177), for the newly detected diabetes group was 1.793 (95% CI 1.6 - 2.009), for the diabetes duration <5 years group was 1.959 (95% CI 1.768 - 2.169) and for the diabetes duration ≥5 years group was 2.606 (95% CI 2.38 - 2.854). Using the Kaplan-Meier curve, the log-rank test showed increase in the incidence of CNP according to the duration of diabetes (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Our population-based large-scale cohort study suggests that both IFG and diabetes significantly increased the risk of the development of ocular motor CNP compared to the normal glycemic status.
An LTR Retrotransposon Insertion inside CsERECTA for an LRR Receptor-like Serine/threonine-Protein Kinase Results in compact (cp) plant architecture in cucumber
Authors: Chen Feifan , Yong Jianpeng , Liu Mengying , Wang Qiqi , Zhong Huili , Pan Yupeng , Chen Peng , Weng Yiqun , Li Yuhong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The compact (cp) phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important plant architecture-related trait with a great potential for cucumber improvement. In this study, we conducted map-based cloning of the cp locus, identified and functionally characterized the candidate gene. Comparative microscopic analysis suggested that the short internode in the cp mutant is due to fewer cell numbers. Fine genetic mapping delimited cp into an 8.8-kb region on chromosome 4 harboring only one gene, CsERECTA (CsER) that encodes a leucine rich repeat receptor-like kinase. The insertion of a 5.5-kb insertion of along terminal repeat retrotransposon in the 22nd exon resulted in loss-of-function of CsER in the cp plant. Spatiotemporal expression analysis in cucumber and CsER promoter-driven GUS assays in Arabidopsis indicated that CsER was highly expressed in the stem apical meristem and young organs, but the expression level was similar in the wild type and mutant cucumber plants. However, CsER protein accumulation was reduced in the mutant as revealed by western hybridization. The mutation in cp also did not seem to affect self-association of CsER for formation of dimers. Ectopic expression of CsER in Arabidopsis was able to rescue the plant height of the loss-of-function AtERECTA mutant, whereas the compact inflorescence and small rosette leaves of the mutant could be partially recovered. Transcriptome profiling in the mutant and wild type plants revealed hormone biosynthesis/or signaling, and photosynthesis pathways associated with CsER-dependent regulatory network. Our work from the present study provides new insights for the use of cp in cucumber breeding.
Local IL-10 delivery modulates the immune response and enhances repair of volumetric muscle loss muscle injury
Authors: huynh tai , Reed Cassandra , Blackwell Zain , Phelps Payton , Herrera Luis C. Pinzon , Almodovar Jorge , Zaharoff David A. , Wolchok Jeffrey C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that in addition to repairing the architectural and cellular cues via regenerative medicine, the delivery of immune cues (immunotherapy) may be needed to enhance regeneration following volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. We identified IL-10 signaling as a promising immunotherapeutic target. To explore the impact of targeting IL-10 signaling, tibialis anterior (TA) VML injuries were created and then treated in rats using autologous minced muscle (MM). Animals received either recombinant rat IL-10 or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls injections at the site of VML repair beginning 7 days post injury (DPI) and continuing every other day (4 injections total) until 14 DPI. At 56 DPI (study endpoint), significant improvements to TA contractile torque (82% of uninjured values & 170% of PBS values), TA mass, and myofiber size in response to IL-10 treatment were detected. Whole transcriptome analysis at 14 DPI revealed activation of IL-10 signaling, muscle hypertrophy, and lymphocytes signaling pathways. Expression of ST2, a regulatory T (Treg) cell receptor, was dramatically increased at the VML repair site in response to IL-10 treatment when compared to PBS controls. The findings suggest that the positive effect of delayed IL-10 delivery might be due to immuno-suppressive Treg cell recruitment.
In situ growth of graphene catalyzed by phase-change material at 400 oC for wafer-scale optoelectronic device application
Authors: Xie Yiyang , Hu Liangchen , Dong Yibo , Qian Fengsong , Chang Pengying , Fan Mengqi , Deng Jun , Xu Chen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of metal foil catalysts in chemical vapor deposition of graphene films makes graphene transfer an ineluctable part in graphene device fabrication, which greatly limits the industrialization. Here, an oxide phase-change material (V2O5) was found to have the same catalytic effect on graphene growth as conventional metals. A uniform large-area graphene film can be obtained on a 10 nm V2O5 film. Density functional theory was used to quantitatively analyze the catalytic effect of V2O5. Due to the high resistance property of V2O5 at room temperature, the obtained graphene can be directly used in devices with the V2O5 as an intercalation layer. A wafer-scale graphene-V2O5-Si Schottky photodetector array was successfully fabricated. Illuminated by a 792 nm laser, the responsivity of the photodetector can reach 266 mA/W at 0 V bias and 420 mA/W at 2 V. The transfer-free device fabrication process enables high feasibility in industrialization.
Streamlining urban forest monitoring based on a large-scale tree survey: A case study of highway vegetation in Hong Kong
Authors: Him Louis Lee Shing , Zhang Hao , Kwun Kathy Ng Tze , Lo Shun Cheong , Lun Alan Yu Siu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urban tree monitoring is essential to successful urban forestry. Transport land use accommodates huge tree stock which require substantial monitoring efforts. In Hong Kong, more research is needed to take into considerations how monitoring works can be modified in response to variations in tree stand characteristics. This case study aimed to illustrate the usefulness of a large-scale tree survey in mainstreaming future tree monitoring and management in transport land use. 7,209 trees were found in a large-scale tree survey conducted in 53 slopes and 52 verges along San Tin Highway in Hong Kong. Dominance by Corymbia citriodora (72%) was observed, especially for the highway verges. Using chi-square tests, significant associations were found between monospecific stands, habitat type, and tree risk rating. A logistic regression model was constructed to predict the occurrence of monoculture. Every metre increase in maximum tree height, the odds of a stand being monospecific would be 1.22 times greater. Stands on verges had 5.26 times greater odds of being monospecific against slope. The associations and relationships were attributed to the dominance of C. citriodora. By boosting the logistic model, model reliability increased as kappa rose from 0.51 to 0.63, while balanced accuracy improved from 0.72 to 0.85. The occurrence of monospecific stands could be reliably predicted using maximum tree height and habitat type of tree stands. These quantitative findings monitoring can guide urban forest monitoring. Through a better understanding of urban forest structure and composition, future monitoring can aid the mainstreaming of urban forestry in transport planning.
Modeling and simulation of SWARA path loss model for underwater acoustic communication in multipath environment
Authors: More Sangram Sampatrao , Bartakke Prashant P. , Aggarwal Monika 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The propagation loss varies with underwater channel conditions which might considered to be random phenomena. Modeling propagation loss will become meaningful iff mathematical model includes parameters namely viz projector's transmit voltage response (TVR), hydrophone's open circuit receiving response (OCRR), directivity patterns of both, channel parameters such as salinity, temperature, pressure, enclosure boundary conditions along with placements of Tx & Rx nodes & their operating frequency. To best of our knowledge, existing simulators are unable to trace eigen rays for very short range i.e. less than 0.1 km and therefore they are not suitable for computation of such short-range propagation losses. We have made an attempt to overcome limitations of existing simulators wherein we proposed mathematical model SWARA which includes parameters as mentioned above to study very short-range propagation losses using plane wave theory. To validate simulated propagation loss, we conducted tank trials at UWAA Lab, CARE, IIT Delhi to investigate effects of placements of projector & hydrophone on occurrence of transmission loss. The Simulated results of SWARA mathematical model shows that simulated maximum transmission loss is -0.18 to 0.10 times experimental maximum transmission loss, whereas simulated minimum transmission loss is -0.36 to 0.19 times experimental minimum transmission loss for placements of projector (ITC 1042) and hydrophone (Keltron 8240000001) at depths varying from 0.3m-1.2m & range varying from 2m-3.2m in uw tank facility of 3.85m long 2.4 wide 2m deep for 30kHz chirp signal (10kHz bandwidth) under static channel conditions.
Antitumor effects of 9-oxo-10,12-ODAs on human cervical cancer cells: novel insights into CDK regulators and opportunities for cancer therapy
Authors: Mogi Kazumasa , Koya Yoshihiro , Yoshihara Masato , Sugiyama Mai , Miki Rika , Miyamoto Emiri , Fujimoto Hiroki , Kitami Kazuhisa , Iyoshi Shohei , Uno Kaname , Tamauchi Satoshi , Yokoi Akira , Shimizu Yusuke , Ikeda Yoshiki , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Niimi Kaoru , Yamakita Yoshihiko , Shibata Kiyosumi , Nawa Akihiro , Tomoda Yutaka , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Tano Sho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 16 and 18 are causative agents of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. In Japan, eggplant calyx is a folk remedy used to treat common warts. 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid, isolated from eggplant calyx, may have antitumor effects. This study investigated the antitumor effects of 9-oxo-(10E, 12Z)-octadecadienoic acid and 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxo-ODAs) on human cervical cancer cells. 9-oxo-ODAs suppressed the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell lines (CasKi, HeLa, and SiHa) in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 25-50uM). FCM analysis revealed that 9-oxo-ODAs induced apoptosis. Transcriptome, proteomics, and enrichment analyses revealed that treatment with 9-oxo-ODAs significantly altered the cell cycle and p53 pathways and decreased cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) protein expression. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 9-oxo-ODAs reduced CDK1 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro, 9-oxo-ODAs reduced the HPV-related protein expression. In ex vivo human cervical cancer tissues, 9-oxo-ODAs decreased CDK1 expression and increased cleaved caspase 3, an apoptosis marker. Further, 9-oxo-ODAs suppressed metastatic formation and growth of cervical cancer in vivo. These findings suggest that 9-oxo-ODAs induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HPV-positive human cervical cancer cells, and this process involves CDK1. Consequently, 9-oxo-ODAs may be potential therapeutic agents for cervical cancer.