bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional culture of joy and happiness at work as a facet of wellbeing: a mediation of psychological safety and relational attachment
Authors: Aboramadan Mohammed , Kundi Yasir Mansoor 
Published: August 2022

PurposeDrawing upon theories of conservation of resources (COR), broaden-and-build (BnB), self-determination, and the job demands- resources (JD-R) model, this study uniquely tries to understand the mechanisms that contribute to happiness at work by proposing a model of the effects of emotional culture of joy on happiness at work, where psychological safety and relational attachments serve as intervening mechanisms among the aforesaid relationship.Design/methodology/approachA three-wave time-lagged study with 340 employees from Pakistani organizations was conducted. Data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results indicate that emotional culture of joy significantly predicts happiness at work. Furthermore, emotional culture of joy significantly and positively influences both psychological safety and relational attachment. Finally, the relationship between emotional culture of joy and happiness at work is found to be mediated by both relational attachment and psychological safety.Practical implicationsThe results are of utmost importance as they provide insights to policy makers and organizations administrators on the value of emotional culture of joy and its contribution to employees’ wellbeing, and indeed its role in fostering important psychological and emotional resources such as psychological safety and relational attachment.Originality/valueThis study is unique for the following reasons. First, it addresses and bridges a gap pertaining to the drivers of happiness at work. Second, this is the first study that considers emotional culture of joy as an antecedent to happiness at work. Third, the employment of both psychological safety and relational attachment as intervening mechanisms in the relationship between emotional culture of joy and happiness at work has not been previously addressed in the management and wellbeing literature. Finally, the study shifts direction from studying organizational drivers (i.e. HR, organization support, etc.) of happiness at work to the examination of psychological and emotional resources that may influence happiness at work.
Population regulation throughout a complex life cycle
Authors: Little Chelsea J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch Highlight: McIntosh, A. R., Greig, H. S., & Howard, S. (2022). Regulation of open populations of a stream insect through larval density dependence. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13696. Despite decades of research on population regulation through density dependence, it remains challenging to identify and understand the relative importance of mechanisms governing open populations of organisms with complex life cycles. McIntosh et al. (2022) manipulated density of aquatic invertebrates in the field, and then followed populations for 2 years to track the effects on abundance through multiple life‐history stages. The authors found that their density manipulation, performed on larvae that were about to pupate, had minimal effects on the number of emergent adults collected several months later. The manipulation had a similarly negligible influence on the number of egg masses laid at study locations. The authors attribute this to stochasticity around dispersal of flying adults through the terrestrial environment. However, later in the study, the authors found evidence of density‐dependent population regulation among larval stages, seemingly controlled by resource availability. These results suggest that population dynamics depend on multiple mechanisms operating at different points in organisms' life history, which could either help or hinder population persistence with disturbance or environmental change.
Artificial selection in human‐wildlife feeding interactions
Authors: Griffin Laura L. , Haigh Amy , Amin Bawan , Faull Jordan , Norman Alison , Ciuti Simone 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The artificial selection of traits in wildlife populations through hunting and fishing has been well documented. However, despite their rising popularity, the role that artificial selection may play in non‐extractive wildlife activities, for example, recreational feeding activities, remains unknown.

If only a subset of a population takes advantage of human‐wildlife feeding interactions, and if this results in different fitness advantages for these individuals, then artificial selection may be at work. We have tested this hypothesis using a wild fallow deer population living at the edge of a capital city as our model population.

In contrast to previous assumptions on the randomness of human‐wildlife feeding interactions, we found that a limited non‐random portion of an entire population is continuously engaging with people. We found that the willingness to beg for food from humans exists on a continuum of inter‐individual repeatable behaviour; which ranges from risk‐taking individuals repeatedly seeking and obtaining food, to shyer individuals avoiding human contact and not receiving food at all, despite all individuals having received equal exposure to human presence from birth and coexisting in the same herds together. Bolder individuals obtain significantly more food directly from humans, resulting in early interception of food offerings and preventing other individuals from obtaining supplemental feeding.

Those females that beg consistently also produce significantly heavier fawns (300–500 g heavier), which may provide their offspring with a survival advantage. This indicates that these interactions result in disparity in diet and nutrition across the population, impacting associated physiology and reproduction, and may result in artificial selection of the begging behavioural trait.

This is the first time that this consistent variation in behaviour and its potential link to artificial selection has been identified in a wildlife population and reveals new potential effects of human‐wildlife feeding interactions in other species across both terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
How seeds and growth dynamics influence plant size and yield: Integrating trait relationships into ontogeny
Authors: Gómez‐Fernández Alicia , Milla Rubén 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Seeds, growth rates and duration of growth influence plant development. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how they lead to larger and higher‐yielding plants, as these traits have not yet been explicitly studied in combination and across ontogeny. Seed size and growth dynamics have evolved differently during domestication and improvement. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the relationships between these traits and their contribution to plant size and yield have also changed over the course of crop evolution.

Here we grew wild, landrace and improved accessions of 18 annual herbaceous crops in a glasshouse. For each plant, we measured seed mass, growth rate and duration of vegetative growth. We also measured plant size at three ontogenetic stages: seedling, juvenile and mature, and reproductive output. Using path analyses, we tested causal relationships between the traits and quantified their relative importance in determining mature plant size and yield.

Seed mass and duration of vegetative growth were more important than growth rates in explaining variations in mature plant size and yield among species. Domesticated plants were larger, had heavier seeds and higher yields, but did not grow faster or for longer time‐spans than their wild progenitors. Trait relationships did not differ between the wild, landrace and improved accessions.

Our results suggest that annual herbs reach larger sizes primarily through a combination of heavier seeds and longer vegetative growth periods. Moreover, domestication has increased plant size only through the heavy‐seed causal pathway, via cascading effects during ontogeny. However, the high yields of modern crops hardly be explained by the traits considered here, suggesting the importance of other drivers, such as roots and their microbiome.

Synthesis. We provide a better mechanistic understanding of the size axis of global plant trait variation and emphasise the role of growth duration in explaining the diversity of mature plant sizes. Seeds and growth dynamics are highly functionally coordinated with plant size, and this coordination has changed little during crop evolution. Our results highlight that multi‐trait relationships throughout plant ontogeny play a key role in governing how domestication has influenced plant size and crop yields.
Microbial diversity and adaptive strategies in the Mars‐like Qaidam Basin, North Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Haiyun , Zhang Wensi , Chen Yan , Shen Jianxun , Li Yiliang , Pan Yongxin , Lin Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau, China, is one of the driest deserts at high elevations, and it has been considered a representative Mars analogue site. Despite recent advances in the diversity of microbial communities in the Qaidam Basin, our understanding of their genomic information, functional potential and adaptive strategies remains very limited. Here, we conducted a combination of physicochemical and metagenomic analyses to investigate the taxonomic composition and adaptive strategies of microbial life in the regolith across the Qaidam Basin. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene‐based and metagenomic analyses both reveal that microbial communities in the Qaidam Basin are dominated by the bacterial phylumActinobacteria. The low levels of moisture and organic carbon contents appear to have essential constraints on microbial biomass and diversity. A total of 50 high‐quality metagenome‐assembled genomes were reconstructed and analysed. Our results reveal the potential of microorganisms to use ambient trace gases to meet energy and carbon needs in this nutrient‐limited desert. Furthermore, we find that DNA repair mechanisms and protein protection are likely essential for microbial life in response to stressors of hyperaridity, intense ultraviolet radiation and tremendous temperature fluctuations in this Mars analogue. These findings shed light on the diversity and survival strategies of microbial life inhabiting Mar‐like environments, which provide implications for potential life on early Mars.
Targeted temperature management evolving over time—A local process analysis
Authors: Strålin Axel , Thuccani Meena , Lilja Linus , Rylander Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPost‐resuscitation care of comatose survivors from cardiac arrest includes target temperature management (TTM) to mitigate cerebral reperfusion injury. High‐quality TTM requires protocols enhancing good precision. This study explored how the quality of TTM may have evolved with increasing experience from clinical trial protocols and standard operating procedures. We hypothesized that there would be a positive effect over time, detectable between trial periods and between trial periods and later everyday practice.MethodsThree TTM quality parameters were defined: time to target, temperature variability, and fever incidence. Data from 181 patients treated during three different time periods in a tertiary center were analyzed; 45 from Period 1 (local trial cohort 2011–2013) targeting 33°C or 36°C; 76 from Period 2 (local trial cohort 2018–2020) targeting 33 or <37.5°C; 60 from Period 3 (current standard operating procedure 2020–2021) targeting 36°C. Groups of similar target temperatures from different time periods were compared using ordinary group statistics.ResultsTTM quality in all three parameters increased between trial periods. There were no differences in TTM quality as to temperature variability or fever incidence between the <37.5°C Period 2 and the 36°C Period 3 groups. A 33°C target temperature was associated with lower fever incidence than 36°C and <37.5°C target regimes.ConclusionThe observed increase in TTM quality in this single‐center study may be a result of increased competence through learning and training in different strict TTM protocols. If so, the results of this study further support the protocolization of post‐cardiac arrest intensive care.
Ganoderic acid D prevents oxidative stress‐induced senescence by targeting 14‐3‐3ε to activate CaM/CaMKII/NRF2 signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yuan Huan , Xu Yan , Luo Yi , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Zhu Xin‐Xin , Xiao Jian‐Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStem cell senescence is an important cause of aging. Delaying senescence may present a novel way to combat aging and age‐associated diseases. This study provided a mechanistic insight into the protective effect of ganoderic acid D (GA‐D) against human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSCs) senescence. GA‐D, a Ganoderma lucidum‐derived triterpenoid, markedly prevented hAMSCs senescence via activating the Ca2+ calmodulin (CaM)/CaM‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis, and 14‐3‐3ε was identified as a target of GA‐D. 14‐3‐3ε‐encoding gene (YWHAE) knockdown in hAMSCs reversed the activation of the CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 signals to attenuate the GA‐D anti‐aging effect and increase senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal), p16 and p21 expression levels, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing differentiation potential. YWHAE overexpression maintained or slightly enhanced the GA‐D anti‐aging effect. GA‐D prevented d‐galactose‐caused aging in mice by significantly increasing the total antioxidant capacity, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, and reducing the formation of malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products, and receptor of advanced glycation end products. Consistent with the protective mechanism of GA‐D against hAMSCs senescence, GA‐D delayed the senescence of bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells in this aging model in vivo, reduced SA‐β‐gal and ROS production, alleviated cell cycle arrest, and enhanced cell viability and differentiation via regulating 14‐3‐3ε and CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 axis. Therefore, GA‐D retards hAMSCs senescence by targeting 14‐3‐3ε to activate the CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the in vivo GA‐D anti‐aging effect may involve the regulation of stem cell senescence via the same signal axis.
Male personal heat exposures and fecundability: A preconception cohort study
Authors: McKinnon Craig J. , Joglekar Dhruv J. , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Wesselink Amelia K. , Willis Mary D. , Wang Tanran R. , Mikkelsen Ellen M. , Eisenberg Michael L. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies indicate adverse effects of selected heat exposures on semen quality, but few studies have directly evaluated fertility as an endpoint.ObjectiveWe evaluated prospectively the association between male heat exposures and fecundability, the per‐cycle probability of conception.Materials and methodsWe analyzed data from 3041 couples residing in the United States or Canada who enrolled in a prospective preconception cohort study (2013–2021). At enrollment, males reported on several heat‐related exposures, such as use of saunas, hot baths, seat heaters, and tight‐fitting underwear. Pregnancy status was updated on female follow‐up questionnaires every 8 weeks until conception or a censoring event (initiation of fertility treatment, cessation of pregnancy attempts, withdrawal, loss to follow‐up, or 12 cycles), whichever came first. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between heat exposures and fecundability, mutually adjusting for heat exposures and other potential confounders.ResultsWe observed small inverse associations for hot bath/tub use (≥3 vs. 0 times/month: FR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.70–1.07) and fever in the 3 months before baseline (FR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79–1.12; one cycle of follow‐up: FR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.64–1.11). Little association was found for sauna use, hours of laptop use on one's lap, seat heater use, time spent sitting, and use of tight‐fitting underwear. Based on a cumulative heat metric, FRs for 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 versus 0 heat exposures were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.87–1.12), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.89–1.19), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.74–1.19), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.50–1.17), respectively. Associations were stronger among men aged ≥30 years (≥4 vs. 0 heat exposures: FR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34–1.04).ConclusionMale use of hot tubs/baths and fever showed weak inverse associations with fecundability. Cumulative exposure to multiple heat sources was associated with a moderate reduction in fecundability, particularly among males aged ≥30 years.
The role of digital health interventions to improve health literacy in surgical patients: a narrative review in arthroplasty
Authors: Davaris Myles T. , Bunzli Samantha , Trieu Jason , Dowsey Michelle M. , Choong Peter F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundArthroplasty is a high‐volume but costly treatment option for advanced osteoarthritis. Health literacy and patient education are modifiable factors that can improve patient outcomes in arthroplasty. Digital technologies show potential as an instrument for providing patients with reliable information. This narrative review aimed to identify the current evidence for how effective digital health interventions (DHIs) are in targeting health literacy and related constructs (including knowledge, decision‐making and self‐efficacy) in arthroplasty.MethodsSix databases were searched for published studies comprising health literacy and related constructs, arthroplasty, and DHIs. The main outcome measure was health literacy. Two reviewer‐authors independently screened studies according to predefined inclusion criteria and performed data extraction. Data was analysed and summarized in tabular and narrative form.ResultsTwo thousand seven‐hundred and sixty‐four titles and abstracts were screened. One hundred and sixty‐seven papers underwent full‐text analysis. No studies used health literacy as an outcome measure; therefore, the outcome measure was broadened to include its constructs, and the full‐text analysis was repeated. Thirteen studies were included. No study following a structured design for their DHI. Eleven studies demonstrated participant improvement in constructs of health literacy, including knowledge, decision‐making and self‐management.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests digital technology may provide new means of educating patients and improving aspects of their health literacy. More research digital technology with a structured approach, framework and standardized measures is required. Well‐designed digital technology may become a useful adjunct to future patient care.
Promoting students' artwork appreciation: An experiential learning‐based virtual reality approach
Authors: Chiu Min‐Chi , Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Hsia Lu‐Ho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn artwork appreciation activities, visiting physical exhibitions in art museums is often limited by time, distance and cost. Thus, conventional teaching is mostly conducted through textbooks, presentation slides or videos. However, by presenting artwork appreciation through a lecture, it is difficult for students to feel the beauty of artworks, and they can hardly develop accurate appreciation knowledge and critical thinking. To tackle this problem, this study proposed an experiential learning‐based spherical video‐based virtual reality (EL‐SVVR) learning approach based on the experiential learning theory to guide students to browse world‐famous artworks and experience the features of artwork creation. This study developed an EL‐SVVR learning system and adopted a quasi‐experimental design to determine whether the EL‐SVVR learning approach improved students' performance in artwork appreciation in comparison with the conventional teaching approach. A total of 45 university students from two classes who participated in an elective art course were recruited in the study. One class was assigned to be the experimental group and adopted the EL‐SVVR learning approach, while the other class was assigned to be the control group and adopted the conventional technology‐supported learning (CTL) approach. The results showed that in comparison with the CTL approach, the EL‐SVVR learning approach enhanced students' learning achievement, learning motivation, self‐efficacy, critical thinking and performance in digital painting creation during artwork appreciation.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Spherical video‐based virtual reality (SVVR) situates students in a simulated environment that enables them to have deep experience regarding the learning contexts.
SVVR has great potential in promoting students' learning performance by providing them situational contexts.
What this paper adds

An SVVR‐based experiential learning approach is proposed to facilitate students' artwork creation.
In addition to promoting students' learning outcomes, the EL‐SVVR learning approach could better facilitate students' learning achievement, learning motivation, critical thinking, self‐efficacy, and performance in painting creation.
Implications for practice and/or policy

SVVR is a potential technology for implementing experiential learning activities; in particular, in improving students' creative thinking for artwork creation.
It is potentially worth trying to apply the SVVR technology to other courses related to artwork creation to promote learners' learning performances and perceptions.
It is worth promoting the SVVR approach in school settings since it is a low‐tech and low‐cost solution with potentially positive impacts on students' learning outcomes.
Inhibition of mutationally activated HER2
Authors: Collins Stephen J. , Guo Jiaye , Rizzo Robert C. , Miller W. Todd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogenic driver and key therapeutic target for human cancers. Current therapies targeting HER2 are primarily based on overexpression of the wild‐type form of HER2. However, kinase domain mutations have been identified that can increase the activity of HER2 even when expressed at basal levels. Using purified enzymes, we confirmed the hyperactivity of two HER2 mutants (D769Y and P780insGSP). To identify small molecule inhibitors against these cancer‐associated variants, we used a combined approach consisting of biochemical testing, similarity‐based searching, and in silico modeling. These approaches resulted in the identification of a candidate molecule that inhibits mutant forms of HER2 in vitro and in cell‐based assays. Our structural model predicts that the compound takes advantage of water‐mediated interactions in the HER2 kinase binding pocket.
Searching for new mTOR kinase inhibitors: Analysis of binding sites and validation of docking protocols
Authors: Stary Dorota , Nepovimova Eugenie , Kuca Kamil , Bajda Marek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important biological target for development of novel anticancer drugs and potential antiageing agents. Therefore, many scientific groups search for mTOR kinase inhibitors. Herein, we present structure‐based approach which could be helpful in the studies on new bioactive compounds. Method validation was preceded by structural analysis of ATP catalytic cleft and FRB domain. In silico studies allowed us to point crucial amino acid residues for ligand binding and develop optimal docking protocols. The presented methodology could be applied for design and development of potential mTOR kinase inhibitors.