bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decision support tool for parasite management in fish aquaculture
Authors: Hutson Kate Suzanne , Mooney Allan James , Ernst Ingo , Brazenor Alexander Karlis , Scheel Max , Atalah Javier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA decision support tool was developed to aid management of problematic parasites in marine fish aquaculture. The tool provides biologically relevant treatment intervals to interrupt the life cycle of ectoparasitic flatworms that occur in global kingfish and amberjack (Seriola spp.) aquaculture. Temperature‐dependent life cycle parameters for the ‘skin flukes’, Benedenia seriolae and Neobenedenia girellae, and the ‘gill fluke’, Zeuxapta seriolae, were derived from published data and modelled using non‐linear regressions. Increasing temperatures shortened the duration of most life cycle parameters of all parasites. Salinity had no effect on the timing of life cycle parameters but limited hatching success in hypo‐ and hypersaline conditions. The tool, named BeNeZe after the first two letters of each parasite genera, enables rapid determination of treatment intervals for two consecutive medicinal immersion or ‘bathing’ treatments—the first to kill adult flatworms attached to fish and the second to prevent maturity of new parasite recruits. As temperature increases, the interval between treatments and the ‘window’ within which the second treatment should be applied is reduced. The tool can be used for multi‐species infections. The inclusion of parasite taxonomy, biology and behaviour as part of an integrated management strategy is reviewed. Available through an open access app, BeNeZe is intended to be applied in conjunction with farm biosecurity, surveillance, management measures and recognition of independent management units. BeNeZe can be used to reduce infection burdens, improve fish welfare and production and reduce treatment number and frequency.
Student performance and loss aversion*
Authors: Karle Heiko , Engelmann Dirk , Peitz Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe match data on performance in a multiple‐choice examination with data on risk preferences from a classroom experiment. Students who are more loss averse leave more questions unanswered and perform worse in the exam when an incorrect answer is penalized compared with no answer. Thus, loss aversion parameters extracted from lottery choices in a controlled experiment have predictive power in a field environment of decision‐making under uncertainty. Furthermore, the degree of loss aversion appears to be persistent over time, as the experiment was conducted three months prior to the exam. Important differences across genders are partly explained by differences in loss aversion.
Understanding suicide risk for youth who are both Black and Native American: The role of intersectionality and multiple marginalization
Authors: Wiglesworth Andrea , Clement Déjà N. , Wingate LaRicka R. , Klimes‐Dougan Bonnie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionNative American and multiracial youth experience elevated risk for suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA); however, intersectional identities are often unexamined in suicide research.MethodWe examined the prevalence of SI and SA, and the impact of intersectional identities (sex, sexual minority identity, and economic insecurity) on these rates, in 496 biracial Black‐Native American, 2,804 Native American, 14,220 Black, 5,569 biracial Native American‐White, 4,076 biracial Black‐White, and 118,816 White youth who participated in the Minnesota Student Survey.ResultsBlack‐Native American youth reports of SI and SA resembled other Native American youth and were significantly higher than those reported by Black, White, and Black‐White (SA only) youth. While sexual minority youth reported higher rates of SI and SA than heterosexual youth, this difference between sexual minority and heterosexual Black‐Native American youth was smaller as compared to their peers.ConclusionThough they largely resemble their mono/biracial Native American peers, Black‐Native American youth show some distinct patterns of SA when accounting for their intersectional identities. Despite presumed similarities in systemic risk factors, Black and Black‐Native American youth differ considerably in reported suicidality. The experiences of Black‐Native American teens warrant further examination.
Piecewise-Focusing Collectors Reduce the Mirror Area in Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Bisset David K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Piecewise-focusing (PWF) collectors replace the heliostat field and central tower receiver of Gen 2 concentrating solar thermal (CST) power plants. The PWF collector consists of a large base frame supporting a tiered array of reflectors that concentrate sunlight into a cavity receiver. The base frame rotates about a central pivot to track the sun in azimuth, while the reflectors rotate about individual nearly horizontal inclined axes to track the sun in elevation. Compressed gas such as CO2 is used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) from the receiver to a conventional molten-salt thermal reservoir, which supplies heat for a steam turbine power block. Physical and numerical modeling of an approximately paraboloidal PWF collector shows that about 250 separate reflectors will be required for adequate focus on the entrance to a cavity receiver at a concentration ratio of 2000 with little spillage at all sun elevations. With an area of 10–20 times larger than the cavity entrance, the absorber functions at peak temperatures that are within range of standard stainless steel tubing, despite using a gaseous HTF. Reflectors of PWF collectors have significantly better cosine factors than heliostats, and cavity receivers lose much less heat than open cylindrical receivers, so that reflector area is reduced to about 62% of heliostat area. Thus, the capital cost of a CST plant can be reduced substantially. By continuing to use Gen 2 technology for thermal storage and the power block, PWF-based CST can be developed much sooner than “Gen 3” CST.
Investigation of Aloe Vera Latex Used as Natural Dye in TiO2-Based Heterojunction and Liquid-Electrolyte Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hnawi Salma Kaotar , El Mansouri Abdelfattah , Abdallah Nayad , Agdad Abdelali , Tchenka Abdelaziz , Cheikh SambaVall , Mellalou Abderrahman , Oueriagli Amane , Ait Ali Mustapha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The use of naturally extracted compounds as dye sensitizers is a very promising alternative for the manufacture of low-cost solar cells. These directly convert solar energy to electricity. In the present study, aloe latex solid (ALS), which is an orange-yellow solid compound extracted from aloe vera leaves, was deposited on a TiO2 thin film (TiO2/ALS) for the construction of two different solar cell configurations. The UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis, UV–Vis, and FTIR spectroscopic studies were performed for the prepared dye sensitizer. In fact, the performance of the TiO2/ALS composite was investigated in a heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cell (HJ-DSSC) and a liquid-electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cell (LE-DSSC) to identify the architecture with the highest efficiency of sunlight conversion. The solar cells’ photovoltaic performance in terms of short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency was tested with photocurrent density–voltage measurements. Interesting solar conversion efficiencies were obtained for both architectures with a maximum value of about 1.17% corresponding to the LE-DSSC configuration.
Study on Surface Adhesive Wear and Wear Life of Double Involute Gears Under Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Yin Zhaoming , Fan Zhimin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To slow down the surface wear process of double involute gears (DIG), the surface adhesive wear model and wear life prediction model are established according to its meshing characteristics, combined with the modified Archard wear model and mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model. This paper studies the surface wear and wear life of DIG, compares it with common involute gears (CIG), and discusses the influence of different factors on its surface wear. Results show that the adhesive wear distribution of DIG is similar to that of CIG. Properly reducing l* and increasing y* can reduce surface wear and prolong wear life. The reasonable selection of lubrication states and working conditions can be beneficial to enhance its tooth surface wear resistance.
Inlet Flow Distortion in an Advanced Civil Transport Boundary Layer Ingesting Engine Installation
Authors: Hall D. K. , Greitzer E. M. , Uranga A. , Drela M. , Pandya S. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents first-of-a-kind measurements, and complementary computations, of the flow through the propulsion system of a boundary layer ingesting, twin-engine advanced civil transport aircraft configuration. The experiments were carried out in the NASA Langley 14- by 22-foot Subsonic Tunnel, using a 1:11 scale model of the D8 “double-bubble” aircraft with electric ducted fans providing propulsive power. Overall force and moment measurements and flow field surveys at the inlet and nozzle exit planes were obtained. The computations were carried out with the NASA OVERFLOW code. The measurements and computations were conducted for a range of aircraft angles of attack and propulsor powers representing operating points during the aircraft mission. Velocity and pressure distributions at the propulsor inlet and exit, and integral inlet distortion metrics, are presented to quantify the flow nonuniformity due to boundary layer ingestion. The distorted inflow exhibits qualitative and quantitative changes over the mission, from a unidirectional stratified stagnation pressure at cruise to a streamwise vortex structure at climb conditions. The computations capture these flow features and reveal the interactions between airframe and propulsor that create these three-dimensional flow variations.
Linking metamorphism and plate boundaries over the past 2 billion years
Authors: Liu Yebo , Mitchell Ross N. , Brown Michael , Johnson Tim E. , Pisarevsky Sergei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the Jurassic, there has been a clear spatiotemporal correlation between different types of metamorphism and active convergent plate margins. However, the extent to which this relationship extends into the past is poorly understood. We compared paleogeographic reconstructions and inferred plate kinematics with the age and thermobaric ratio (temperature/pressure [T/P]) of metamorphism over the past 2 b.y. The null hypothesis—that there is no spatiotemporal link between inferred plate margins and metamorphism—can be rejected. Low-T/P metamorphism is almost exclusively located near plate margins, whereas intermediate- and high-T/P metamorphism skews toward increasingly greater distances from these margins, consistent with three different tectonic settings: the subduction zone, the mountain belt, and the orogenic hinterland, respectively. However, paleogeographic reconstructions suggest that so-called “paired metamorphic belts” are rare and that high- and low-T/P localities more commonly occur along strike from each other. The observation that bimodal metamorphism is largely a function of distance from the trench and that end-member T/P types rarely occur in the same place can be explained if the style of orogenesis has evolved from hotter to colder, consistent with the abrupt emergence of low-T/P metamorphism in the Cryogenian. The widespread development of high-T/P rocks in orogenic hinterlands in the Proterozoic was followed by the production and efficient exhumation of low-T/P rocks in subduction channels in the Phanerozoic.
Protocol summary and statistical analysis plan forIntensiveNutritionTherapy comparEd to usual care iNcriTically ill adults (INTENT): a phase II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ridley Emma J , Bailey Michael , Chapman Marianne , Chapple Lee-anne S , Deane Adam M , Hodgson Carol , King Victoria L , Marshall Andrea , Miller Eliza G , McGuinness SP , Parke Rachael , Udy Andrew A 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionIt is plausible that a longer duration of nutrition intervention may have a greater impact on clinical and patient-centred outcomes. The Intensive Nutrition care Therapy comparEd to usual care iN criTically ill adults (INTENT) trial will determine if a whole hospital nutrition intervention is feasible and will deliver more total energy compared with usual care in critically ill patients with at least one organ system failure.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, multicentre, unblinded, parallel-group, phase II randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted in 23 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Mechanically ventilated critically ill adult patients with at least one organ failure who have been in intensive care unit (ICU) for 72–120 hours and meet all of the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria will be randomised to receive either intensive or usual nutrition care. INTENT started recruitment in October 2018 and a sample size of 240 participants is anticipated to be recruited in 2022. The study period is from randomisation to hospital discharge or study day 28, whichever occurs first, and the primary outcome is daily energy delivery from nutrition therapy. Secondary outcomes include daily energy and protein delivery during ICU and in the post-ICU period, duration of ventilation, ventilator-free days, total bloodstream infection rate and length of hospital stay. All other outcomes are considered tertiary and results will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received in Australia (Alfred Hospital Ethics Committee (HREC/18/Alfred/101) and Human Research Ethics Committee of the Northern Territory Department of Health (2019-3372)) and New Zealand (Northern A Health and Disability Ethics Committee (18/NTA/222). Results will be disseminated in an international peer-reviewed journal(s), at scientific meetings and via social media.Trial registration numberNCT03292237.
Protocol for psychometric evaluation of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Bulbar Dysfunction Index (ALS-BDI): a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Yunusova Yana , Waito Ashley , Barnett Carolina , Huynh Anna , Martino Rosemary , Abrahao Agessandro , Pattee Gary L , Berry James D , Zinman Lorne , Green Jordan R 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionEarly detection and tracking of bulbar dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are critical for directing management of the disease. Current clinical bulbar assessment tools are lacking, while existing physiological instrumental assessments are often inaccessible and cost-prohibitive for clinical application. The goal of our research is to develop and validate a brief and reliable, clinician-administered assessment tool—the ALS-Bulbar Dysfunction Index (ALS-BDI). This publication describes the study protocol that has been established to ascertain the tools’ psychometric properties.Methods and analysisThe ALD-BDI’s development closely follows guidelines outlined by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). Through the proposed study protocol, we expect to establish psychometric properties of both individual test items of the ALS-BDI as well as the final version of the entire tool, including test–retest and inter-rater reliability, construct validity using gold-standard assessment methods and responsiveness.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by research ethics boards at two data collection sites: Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, primary (Toronto, Canada; ID3080) and Mass General Brigham (#2013P001746, Boston, USA). Prior to participation in the study, the participants sign the informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Once validated, the ALS-BDI will be disseminated to key stakeholders. Following validation, the ALS-BDI and any required training material will be implemented for clinical use in a context of a multidisciplinary ALS clinic and used as an outcome measure for clinical trials in ALS research.
Safety implications of remote assessments for suspected COVID-19: qualitative study in UK primary care
Authors: Wieringa Sietse , Neves Ana Luisa , Rushforth Alexander , Ladds Emma , Husain Laiba , Finlay Teresa , Pope Catherine , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe introduction of remote triage and assessment early in the pandemic raised questions about patient safety. We sought to capture patients and clinicians’ experiences of the management of suspected acute COVID-19 and generate wider lessons to inform safer care.Setting and sampleUK primary healthcare. A subset of relevant data was drawn from five linked in-pandemic qualitative studies. The data set, on a total of 87 participants recruited via social media, patient groups and snowballing, comprised free text excerpts from narrative interviews (10 survivors of acute COVID-19), online focus groups (20 patients and 30 clinicians), contributions to a Delphi panel (12 clinicians) and fieldnotes from an online workshop (15 patients, clinicians and stakeholders).MethodsData were uploaded onto NVivo. Coding was initially deductive and informed by WHO and Institute of Medicine frameworks of quality and safety. Further inductive analysis refined our theorisation using a wider range of theories—including those of risk, resilience, crisis management and social justice.ResultsIn the early weeks of the pandemic, patient safety was compromised by the driving logic of ‘stay home’ and ‘protect the NHS’, in which both patients and clinicians were encouraged to act in a way that helped reduce pressure on an overloaded system facing a novel pathogen with insufficient staff, tools, processes and systems. Furthermore, patients and clinicians observed a shift to a more transactional approach characterised by overuse of algorithms and decision support tools, limited empathy and lack of holistic assessment.ConclusionLessons from the pandemic suggest three key strategies are needed to prevent avoidable deaths and inequalities in the next crisis: (1) strengthen system resilience (including improved resourcing and staffing; support of new tools and processes; and recognising primary care’s role as the ‘risk sink’ of the healthcare system); (2) develop evidence-based triage and scoring systems; and (3) address social vulnerability.
Impact of direct-access IBD physician delivered endoscopy on clinical outcomes: a pre-implementation and post-implementation study
Authors: Stammers Matthew , Rahmany Sohail , Downey Louise , Borca Florina , Harris Clare , Harris Richard , McDonnell Martin , Sartain Stephanie , Coleman Nicolas , Stacey Bernard , Smith Trevor R , Cummings Fraser , Felwick Richard , Gwiggner Markus 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPatients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) referred from primary care often face diagnostic and treatment delays. This study aimed to compare a novel direct-access IBD endoscopy pathway with the traditional care model.MethodSingle centre real-world study analysing primary care referrals with suspected IBD. Group A: patients triaged to direct-access IBD endoscopy. Group B: patients undergoing traditional outpatient appointments before the availability of direct-access IBD endoscopy. Demographics, fecal calprotectin (FCP), C-reactive protein (CRP), disease activity score, endoscopy findings, treatment and follow-up were collected and statistically analysed. Ranked semantic analysis of IBD symptoms contained within referral letters was performed.ResultsReferral letters did not differ significantly in Groups A and B. Demographic data, FCP and CRP values were similar. Referral to treatment time (RTT) at the time of IBD endoscopy was reduced from 177 days (Group B) to 24 days (Group A) (p<0.0001). Diagnostic yield of IBD was 35.6% (Group B) versus 62.0% (Group A) (p=0.0003). 89.2% of patients underwent colonoscopy in Group B versus 46.4% in Group A. DNA rates were similar in both groups. The direct to IBD endoscopy pathway saved 100% of initial IBD consultant clinics with a 2.5-fold increase in IBD nurse-led follow-up.ConclusionOur novel pathway resulted in an 86% reduction in RTT with associated increased diagnostic yield while saving 100% of initial IBD consultant outpatient appointments. Replication in other trusts may improve patient experience and accelerate time to diagnosis/treatment while optimising the use of healthcare resources.
Medical leadership development during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Frich Jan C , Bratholm Clara , Ravnestad Håvard , Friberg Morten L , Mjåset Christer , Kaarbøe Oddvar M 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA leadership development programme (The Health Leadership School) was launched in 2018 for junior doctors and medical students in Norway.ObjectiveTo study participants’ experiences and self-assessed learning outcomes, and if there were any differences in outcome among participants who met face-to-face versus and those who had to complete half of the programme in a virtual classroom due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsParticipants who completed The Health Leadership School in 2018–2020 were invited to respond to a web-based questionnaire.ResultsA total of 33 (83%) out of 40 participants responded. The majority of respondents (97%) somewhat agreed or strongly agreed that they had gained knowledge and skills they did not learn in medical school. Respondents reported a high learning outcome for most competency domains, and there was no difference in outcome when comparing scores of those who met face-to-face versus and those who had to complete half of the programme in a virtual classroom. Among participants who participated in virtual classroom sessions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority agreed that the programme could be run as a combination of face-to-face and virtual sessions.ConclusionThis brief report suggests that leadership development programmes for junior doctors and medical students can be run in-part using virtual classroom sessions, but that face-to-face sessions are important to foster relational and teamwork skills.
Microscopic mechanism analysis of calcareous sand in electrolysis desaturation using 1H L-F NMR
Authors: Chen Runze , Chen Yumin , Liu Hanlong , Cai Xiaoguang , Wu Kang , Zhang Zhe 
Published: March 2022

Electrolysis desaturation is a novel method to improve the liquefaction resistance of liquefiable foundations. The microscopic mechanism of the horizontal-layered electrolysis desaturation of calcareous sand specimens was revealed using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (1H L-F NMR) apparatus. The expansion and recovery of sand pores was detected, and variation pattern of saturation distribution was explored, as well as the generation and migration of gas bubbles. The test results show that the electrolysis mainly discharged free water from the specimen, and the content of bound water or mechanical bound water kept basically unchanged. The rapid generation of the bubbles could lead to the expansion of the sand pores. Within 3 h after stopping electrolysis, the macropores in the calcareous sand essentially returned to the initial state, and the expansion of micropores and mesopores also remained basically stable. The construction method of prolonged low-current electrolysis or short-time multiple electrolysis could be applied for on-site desaturated foundation treatment. The shape and size of the bubbles produced by electrolysis were related to the calcareous sand pores. The migration of gas after stopping electrolysis was mainly in the vertically upward direction, resulting in the fusion of bubbles and the formation of larger bubbles.