bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Решение задачи классификации эмоций с помощью глубокого обучения
Authors: Sarsembayev A.A. , Tolganbayeva G.A. , Janybekova S.T. 
Published: February 2022

Speech emotion classification is one of the most interesting and complicated problems in today's world. One of the main obstacles to this task is that emotions are subjective and difficult to capture. In this paper, we proposed deep learning methods that solve emotion classification problems based on audio streams. Three methods are propagated and compared throughout the paper. Within the first method, a Multilayer Perceptron model was built. A second method shows decreased accuracy building Long Short Term Memory models. Finally, the third method that reached the best accuracy among others isconvolutional neural network models. A speech corpus consisting of acted and spontaneous emotion samples in English language is described in detail. This dataset was tested and trained using these proposed methods. The CNN model for our emotion classification problem achieved a validation accuracy of 70%.
Классификация речевых эмоций -одна из самых интересных и сложных за-дач в современном мире. Одним из основных препятствий на пути к этой задаче является то, что эмоции субъективны и их трудно уловить. В этой статье предложеныметоды глубокого обучения, которые решают задачи классификации эмоций на основе аудиопотоков. В статье распространяются и сравниваются три метода. В рамках первого метода была построена модель многослойного персептрона. Второй метод показывает снижение точности построения моделей долгосрочной краткосрочной памяти. Наконец, третий метод, достигший лучшей точности среди других -это модели сверточных нейронных сетей. Подробно описан речевой корпус, состоящий из образцов разыгрываемых и спонтанных эмоций на английском языке. Этот набор данных был протестирован и обучен с использованием предложенных методов. Модель CNN для нашей проблемы классификации эмоций достигла точности подтверждения 70%.
Development of the supply system, control algorithm and architecture of verbal robot
Authors: Амиргалиев Е.Н. , Сундетов Т.Р. , Кунелбаев М.М. , Ибраимова А.А. 
Published: February 2022

В данной статье рассмотрена разработка системы питания, алгоритма управления и архитектуры вербального робота. Робот основан на общедоступном 3Dпечатном принтере. Вэтом исследовании была разработана архитектура общей программной системы вербального ро-бота, атакже усовершенствована система питания и алгоритм управления целой системы. С помощью оборудования JetsonTx1 и сенсорным экраном для взаимодействия с InМoov был сделан ин-терфейс для управления всей системы. Датчик Kinectиграет главную роль в прогрессе изучения дан-ной темы. По сравнению с существующими гуманоидными роботами в вербальном роботе развита автоматизированная платформа, низкая стоимость и полностью функциональна.
This article reviews the supply system, control algorithm and architecture of verbal robot. The robot is based on publicly available 3D printer. In this research was developed architec-ture of general program system of verbal robot, also improved supply system andcontrol algorithm of overall system. Using Jetson Tx1 equipment and a touch screen for interaction with InMoov, an interface was made to control the entire system. The Kinect detector plays a major role in the pro-cess of studying this topic. Compared with the existing humanoid robots, the verbal robot is highly automated platform, low cost and fully functional.
An adaptive PID controller for precisely angular DC motor control
Authors: Huynh Vinh Nghi , Dang Xuan Ba 
Published: February 2022

In industrial production as well as academic research, developing a precise automatic control system is one of the most concerned topics. Moreover, applicability of optimizing controllers with low-cost hardware is now still on going. However, time-varying uncertainties and external disturbances in the system dynamics are barriers in development of outstanding controllers. In this paper, we propose a simple-yet-efficient adaptive control method for accurate tracking-control problems of DC motors. Structure of the controller is designed based on a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control framework. For significantly improving quality of the control system, a nonlinear-spatial adaptation law is proposed to reasonably adjust the control parameters based on information of the control error acquired. The effectiveness of this method has been verified using proper theoretical analyses based on the Lyapunov approach. The possibility of the proposed controller was first carefully investigated on simulation environment. Comparative experiments were then performed on a real-time test rig and were analyzed to confirm the feasibility of the intelligent control method for practical applications.
INNOVATION FOR EMPOWERMENT OF WAQF LAND RIGHT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL ASPECTS OF WAQF LAND AND LAND WITH RIGHT OF MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Djumeno Lutfi Djoko , Fauzi Fahrul 
Published: February 2022

The existence of waqf institutions in Indonesia has the potential to be developed, considering that Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. One of the most common waqf objects is waqf land. Currently, waqf land in Indonesia is relatively not used productively. The current use of waqf land is mostly limited to mosques, tombs, and madrasas. This paper provides an innovation on the management of waqf land that has not been productive in the form of giving land rights on the waqf land. The research method used in writing this article is normative legal research. This study uses primary legal materials namely Law No. 41 of 2004, Law No. 11 of 2020, and Government Regulation No. 18 of 2021. This study found a point of similarity between the concept of waqf land and land with right of management. Indonesian Land Law recognizes various kinds of land rights, such as right of ownership, right of cultivation, right of building, and right of use. This concept can provide benefits for developers, nazhir, and the Ummah. Developers get benefits in the form of freedom in land acquisition costs and can guarantee their land rights. Then, nazhir benefits in the form of land use fees and a recommendation fee from the developer. The profits received by nazhir can then be used for the welfare of the people according to the waqf pledge.
Factors Fostering Shadow Economy Performance in Poland and Lithuania during 2000-2019
Authors: Buszko Andrzej 
Published: February 2022

This study relies on a calculable and essential analysis of a statistically oriented regression model. Ninety-five variables taken into consideration in this research were grouped into four categories. The first category covers the general macroeconomic situation, the second is devoted to crime, the third is formed by characteristics of income and living conditions, and the fourth one applies to the taxation system. The Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model was employed to measure the level of shadow economy in Poland and in Lithuania during 2000-2019. The MIMIC model depends on Structural Equation Models. The MIMIC approach allows one to assess shadow economy as a latent variable. The observed factors are government employment/labor force, tax burden, subsides/GDP, social benefits paid by government/GDP, self-employment/GDP, and unemployment rate. The Pearson correlation index was used to size up the correlation between independent variables, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test for normality of residuals was applied. In both countries, factors affecting the shadow economy performance show great similarity. The shadow economy development in Poland and in Lithuania is fostered by many different factors, related to, but not limited to, the general macroeconomic situation. In fact, the economic situation is associated with the standard of living, income as well as the crime rate. Important factors are associated with the taxation system. The results demonstrate that the regression model can be used to predict the shadow economy development and performance in Poland and in Lithuania. Such information facilitates taking adequate steps in order to minimize the shadow economy level in both countries. Such implications are very useful for decision makers in shaping the legal and economic progress in both countries.
Response of bacterial community structure to different ecological niches and their functions in Korean pine forests
Authors: Ji Rui-Qing , Xie Meng-Le , Li Guan-Lin , Xu Yang , Gao Ting-Ting , Xing Peng-Jie , Meng Li-Peng , Liu Shu-Yan 
Published: February 2022

A healthy plant microbiome is diverse, taxonomically-structured, and gives its plant host moderate advantages in growth, development, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. The plant microbiome varies with ecological niches and is influenced by variables that are complex and difficult to separate from each other, such as the plant species, soil, and environmental factors. To explore the composition, diversity, and functions of the bacterial community of Korean pine forests, we used high-throughput sequencing to study five areas with different forest ages from June to October 2017 in northeast China. We obtained 3,247 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing via an Illumina Hi-seq platform. A total of 36 phyla and 159 known genera were classified. The Shannon index of the bacterial community from the rhizospheric soil was significantly higher (p < 0.01, n = 10) than that of the root tips. Beta-diversity analysis confirmed that the bacterial community of the rhizospheric soil was significantly different (p < 0.001) from the root tips. Nine bacterial phyla were dominant (relative richness > 1%) in the rhizospheric soil, but there were six dominant phyla in the root tips. Proteobacteria was the core flora in the root tips with a relative abundance of more than 50%. It is known that the formation of bacterial communities in the rhizospheric soil or the root is mainly caused by the processes of selection, and we found a relatively high abundance of a few dominant species. We further analyzed the correlations between the bacterial community from the rhizospheric soil with that of the root tips, as well as the correlations of the bacterial community with soil physicochemical properties and climate factors. We used Functional Annotation of the Prokaryotic Tax (FAPROTAX) to predict the functions of the bacterial community in the rhizospheric soil and root tips. Five related phototrophic functions, nine nitrogen cycle functions, two related chemoheterotrophic functions, and two others were predicted. The abundance of the bacteria phyla performing relevant functions was different in the rhizospheric soil than in the root tips. These functions were significantly influenced by the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil habitat. The bacterial composition and functions in the rhizospheric soil and root tips of Korean pine were analyzed, and the results demonstrated the importance of soil and plant species on the bacterial community in the below ground plant microbiome.
Increased susceptibility of Eucalyptus marginata to stem infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi resulting from root hypoxia
Authors: Burgess T. , McComb J. A. , Colquhoun I. , Hardy G. E. StJ. 
Published: July 2002

Eucalyptus marginata growing on rehabilitated bauxite mines may be exposed to waterlogging (hypoxia) at the roots, as well as ponding around the stems at the soil surface. This paper examines whether these conditions may predispose stems of E. marginata to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Plants of E. marginata clones resistant and susceptible to P. cinnamomi were grown in an aeroponics system that could be sealed to allow the manipulation of oxygen levels in the root zone to simulate waterlogging. Plants grown under normal oxygen conditions were compared with those whose root zone was exposed to hypoxia (2 mg O2 L−1) before, during or after the stems were inoculated with zoospores of P. cinnamomi. Inoculation was achieved by constructing receptacles around the stems that could hold water and zoospores.Stomatal conductance increased in plants whose roots had been exposed to hypoxia. This effect lasted for at least 2 weeks after the resumption of normal oxygen conditions. P. cinnamomi entered and colonized ponded stems; however, there were no visible lesions on stems 14 days after inoculation. For any given clone of E. marginata, the extent of colonization was significantly greater in stems whose root zone had been exposed to hypoxia than in control stems. The activity of the plant defence‐associated enzymes PAL, 4‐CL and CAD and the concentrations of soluble phenolics were higher in the stems of plants whose roots were exposed to hypoxia, but the increase in activity in response to colonization was much greater for plants whose roots were under normal aerobic conditions. The greatest difference between colonized and noninoculated plants was observed at the colonization front. Peroxidase activity increased after tissues were colonized, rather than preceding the colonization as seen with the other enzymes.The stress induced by root hypoxia remained after roots were returned to normal oxygen conditions. Plants with root hypoxia showed greater stem colonization by P. cinnamomi and seemed less able to recognize the pathogen and switch on rapid defence responses.
Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate — a possible alternative to transurethral resection: a one‐year follow‐up of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Hammadeh  , Fowlis  , Singh  , Philp  
Published: July 2002

Objective To compare the efficacy, safety and durability of transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TUVP) with standard transurethral resection (TURP) in a prospective randomized trial.Patients and methods The study included 104 consecutive men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) admitted for surgery who were randomized to TUVP or TURP. The variables evaluated included the duration of surgery, catheterization and hospital stay, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), a quality‐of‐life assessment (QOL), the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax ) and the postvoid residual urine volume (PVR).Results Both groups showed a comparable significant and maintained decline in the mean IPSS, from 26.5 to 4.4 (TUVP) and from 26.6 to 5.9 (TURP), and increase in mean Qmax , from 8.9 to 22.5 mL/s (TUVP) and 8.6 to 22.8 mL/s (TURP) after 1 year. However, there were significant differences in the mean duration of catheterization (TUVP 20.9 h, TURP 46.6 h, P<0.001), hospital stay (TUVP 2.2 day, TURP 3.1 days, P<0.001), and the duration and volume of post‐operative irrigation (TUVP none, TURP 18.1 h with 17.5 L of saline). Two patients in each group developed urethral strictures (4%) and two patients in each group required re‐operation for residual adenoma (4%); two patients undergoing TURP had a bladder neck stricture (4%).Conclusion The results suggest that TUVP is as effective as standard TURP in the treatment of moderate‐sized BPH. TUVP offers the advantage of using established instruments, has excellent peri‐operative haemostasis and requires a shorter hospital stay.
Bladder neck strictures after radical retropubic prostatectomy: still an unsolved problem
Authors: Tomschi  , Suster  , HÖltl  
Published: July 2002

Objective To investigate the factors responsible for anastomotic strictures of the bladder neck after radical retropubic prostatectomy.Patients and methods Of 239 consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1987 and 1996, 36 (15%) developed anastomotic strictures after surgery. The influence of tumour stage, previous prostatic surgery, urinary extravasation and postoperative bacteriuria were assessed.Results In 21 patients (58%), the bladder neck stricture occurred within 3 months of surgery, in 11 (30%) at 4–12 months after surgery and in four (11%) more than 12 months after surgery; three of these also had local recurrence. Advanced tumour stage and positive margins did not correlate with a higher stricture rate, nor was there a significant difference in stricture rates with three or four anastomotic sutures. However, extravasation at the time of catheter removal (16 of 36 patients (44%) with vs 34 of 183 patients without (19%) stricture, bacteriuria of >106 c.f.u./mL at the time of catheter removal (stricture group 21 of 36 patients (58%) stricture with vs 71 of 203 (35%) without) and previous prostatic surgery (TURP or open surgery, stricture in 28% of those previously operated vs 13% with no previous surgery) were significant risk factors.Conclusion There are three risk factors for anastomotic stricture after radical prostatectomy; previous operations on the prostate, extravasation and asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Effects of dc bias on the kinetics and electrical properties of silicon dioxide grown in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma
Authors: Carl D. A. , Hess D. W. , Lieberman M. A. , Nguyen T. D. , Gronsky R. 
Published: July 2002

Thin (3–300-nm) oxides were grown on single-crystal silicon substrates at temperatures from 523 to 673 K in a low-pressure electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) oxygen plasma. Oxides were grown under floating, anodic or cathodic bias conditions, although only the oxides grown under floating or anodic bias conditions are acceptable for use as gate dielectrics in metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Oxide thickness uniformity as measured by ellipsometry decreased with increasing oxidation time for all bias conditions. Oxidation kinetics under anodic conditions can be explained by negatively charged atomic oxygen, O−, transport limited growth. Constant current anodizations yielded three regions of growth: (1) a concentration gradient dominated regime for oxides thinner than 10 nm, (2) a field dominated regime with ohmic charged oxidant transport for oxide thickness in the range of 10 nm to approximately 100 nm, and (3) a space-charge limited regime for films thicker than approximately 100 nm. The relationship between oxide thickness (xox), overall potential drop (Vox) and ion current (ji) in the space-charge limited transport region was of the form: ji ∝ V2ox/x3ox. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of 5–60-nm-thick anodized films indicated that the silicon-silicon dioxide interface was indistinguishable from that of thermal oxides grown at 1123 K.
High-frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) and ramped bias current-voltage (I-V) studies performed on 5.4–30-nm gate thickness capacitors indicated that the as-grown ECR films had high levels of fixed oxide charge (≳1011 cm−2) and interface traps (≳1012 cm−2 eV−1). The fixed charge level could be reduced to ≊4×1010 cm−2 by a 20 min polysilicon gate activation anneal at 1123 K in nitrogen; the interface trap density at mid-band gap decreased to ≊(1–2)×1011 cm−2 eV−1 after this process. The mean breakdown strength for anodic oxides grown under optimum conditions was 10.87±0.83 MV cm−1. Electrical properties of the 5.4–8-nm gates compared well with thicker films and control dry thermal oxides of similar thicknesses.
Ballistic metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
Authors: Natori Kenji 
Published: July 2002

Experiments on ultra-small metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) less than 100 nm have been widely reported recently. The frequency of carrier scattering events in these ultra-small devices is diminished, so that further suppression of carrier scattering may bring these devices close to the regime of ballistic transport. Carrier scattering is suppressed by constructing their channel regions with intrinsic Si and also by low temperature operation. This article proposes the ballistic transport of carriers in MOSFETs, and presents the current-voltage characteristics of the ballistic n-channel MOSFET. The current is expressed with the elementary parameters without depending on the carrier mobility. It is independent of the channel length and is proportional to the channel width. The current value saturates as the drain voltage is increased and the triode and the pentode operation are specified as in the conventional MOSFET. Similar current-voltage characteristics in the ballistic transport regime are also investigated for the p-channel MOSFET, the dual gate ultra-thin silicon on insulator MOSFET, and the high electron mobility transistor device. The obtained current gives the maximum current limitation of each field effect transistor geometry. The current control mechanism of ballistic MOSFETs is discussed. The current value is governed by the product of the carrier density near the source edge in the channel, and the velocity with which carriers are injected from the source into the channel.
Influence of optical phonon emission to the transport is discussed. It is suggested that if the device is operated with relatively low carrier density at low temperatures, and if the scattering processes other than the optical phonon emission are suppressed so as to attain the ballistic transport, the optical phonon emission is also suppressed and ballistic transport is sustained. A convenient figure of merit to show the ballisticity of carrier transport in an experimental MOSFET is proposed. Its value is estimated for some examples of the recent ultra-small MOSFET experiment. The proposed current voltage characteristics are evaluated for a dual gate silicon on insulator MOSFET geometry. The result is compared with the recently reported elaborate Monte Carlo simulation with satisfactory agreement.