bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dignity Project Framework: An extreme citizen science framework in occupational therapy and rehabilitation research
Authors: Chapman Kelsey , Dixon Angel , Cocks Kevin , Ehrlich Carolyn , Kendall Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionEngaging citizens and patients as research partners is receiving increasing emphasis across disciplines, because citizens are untapped resources for solving complex problems. Occupational therapists are engaging in inclusive research, but not always in equitable partnership. Moving beyond inclusive research to a dignified framework for research prioritises lived experience and human rights in health research.MethodsUsing nominal group technique over a series of three working group meetings, eight experts, including three with lived experience of disability and research, prioritised principles and steps for conducting dignified rehabilitation research in partnership with citizens with disability.FindingsEmbedding transparency, accessibility and inclusion, dignified language, and authenticity throughout research were integral to maintaining dignity and safety for citizens with disability engaged in research. The Dignity Project Framework encompasses five phases, namely, (1) vision, (2) uncover, (3) discuss, (4) critical reflection, and (5) change, which address the prominent criticisms of the disability community about research and embed the principles of importance into research practice.ConclusionThe framework builds on inclusive research frameworks to a human rights‐based, dignified framework for extreme citizen science. Grounding disability in contemporary conceptualisations and providing a method for democratising knowledge production provide occupational therapists with a method for dignified partnership with citizens with disability.
Emerging enzyme surface display systems for waste resource recovery
Authors: Davenport Beth , Hallam Steven J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current century marks an inflection point for human progress, as the developed world increasingly comes to recognize that the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of resource extraction must be balanced with more sustainable modes of growth that are less reliant on non‐renewable sources of energy and materials. This has opened a window of opportunity for cross‐sector development of biotechnologies that harness the metabolic problem‐solving power of microbial communities. In this context, recovery has emerged as an organizing principal to create value from industrial and municipal waste streams, and the search is on for new enzymes and platforms that can be used for waste resource recovery at scale. Enzyme surface display on cells or functionalized materials has emerged as a promising platform for waste valorization. Typically, surface display involves the use of substrate binding or catalytic domains of interest translationally fused with extracellular membrane proteins in a microbial chassis. Novel display systems with improved performance features include S‐layer display with increased protein density, spore display with increased resistance to harsh conditions, and intracellular inclusions including DNA‐free cells or nanoparticles with improved social licence for in situ applications. Combining these display systems with advances in bioprinting, electrospinning and high‐throughput functional screening have potential to transform outmoded extractive paradigms into ‘trans‐metabolic” processes for remediation and waste resource recovery within an emerging circular bioeconomy.
Disability policy and practice in Malawian employment and education
Authors: Wånggren Lena , Remnant Jen , Huque Sarah , Kachali Limbani , Sang Katherine J. C. , Ngwira Jenipher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMalawi is a landlocked country in Southern Africa with a population of 17.5 million. It has taken great strides in addressing disability inequality in recent years. Despite this, Malawian trade unions, educators and disability activists report wide‐reaching disability discrimination at an infrastructural and individual level. Situated at the intersections between disability studies and medical sociology, alongside work of postcolonial and Global South scholars, this article highlights how neo‐colonial and Anglocentric dominant framings of disability do not necessarily fit the Malawian workforce, as they ignore cultural and structural differences in the causes and maintenance of ill health and disability. Building on interviews with workers with disabilities, trade unionists, educators, government representatives and disability activists in Malawi’s two biggest cities, the article emphasises the need to address specific local contexts; while policy asserts a model of social oppression, in practice, disability inclusion requires recognition of the social determinants of disability and inequality, and the economic, political and cultural context within which disability resides. Sharing co‐designed approaches to engaging with disability definitions, stigma, language, infrastructure and resources, this article highlights the necessity of grounding disability and medical sociological theory in localised framings and lived experiences.
Preventive care visits with OB/GYNs and generalist physicians among reproductive‐age women with chronic conditions
Authors: Attanasio Laura , Ranchoff Brittany , Jeung Chanup , Goff Sarah , Geissler Kimberley 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine services delivered during preventive care visits among reproductive‐age women with and without chronic conditions by physician specialty.Data SourcesNational Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (2011–2018).Study DesignWe examined provision of specific services during preventive care visits by physician specialty among reproductive‐age female patients, overall and among women with five common chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, depression, hyperlipidemia, and asthma).Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe sample included preventive visits to OB/GYNs or generalist physicians where the patient was female, age 18–44, and not pregnant.Principal FindingsIn OB/GYN preventive visits, reproductive health services were more likely to be provided, while non‐reproductive health services were less likely to be provided, both among reproductive‐age female patients overall and among those with chronic conditions. For example, pap tests were provided in 44.5% of OB/GYN preventive visits (95% CI: 40.6–48.4) and in 21.4% of generalist preventive visits (95% CI: 17.2–26.6). Lipid testing was provided in 2.8% of OB/GYN preventive visits (95% CI: 1.7–3.9) and in 30.3% of generalist preventive visits (95% CI: 26.1–34.6).ConclusionsUnderstanding the full range of care received in preventive visits across settings could guide recommendations to optimize where reproductive‐age women with chronic conditions seek care.
Correlation of soft tissue and skeletal injuries in cases of violent death: A retrospective study of autopsy cases for forensic anthropology
Authors: Collini Federica , Muccino Enrico , Biehler‐Gomez Lucie , Cummaudo Marco , F. Gorio Maria Carlotta , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn forensic pathology, deaths due to mechanical injuries (blunt, sharp, and gunshot) require an autopsy in order to determine the cause and manner of death through a detailed examination of viscera, soft tissues, and the skeletal system. Sometimes, such as in cases of severe putrefaction, only the skeleton is observable. In such cases, the absence of bony defects does not mean that a trauma‐related death should not be considered: yet, how often will a lethal mechanical death produce a defect in the skeletal system? The present study involved a retrospective review of autopsy reports to investigate the frequencies of soft tissue and related skeletal injuries in cases of violent deaths. A total of 200 autopsy reports for cases of four mechanisms of injury including sharp force trauma (n = 50), gunshot (n = 50), blunt force trauma (n = 50), and mechanical asphyxia (n = 50) were examined. Manner of death, localization of bone fractures, and correspondence between external injuries and bone fractures were reported. Frequencies of bone fractures and degree of correspondence with soft tissue injuries for each trauma group were evaluated. The result showed that lethal blunt trauma always caused bone fractures; 94.0% of violent deaths by gunshot involved bones; 48.0% of sharp force soft tissue injuries involved the bone tissue; and hyoid bone fractures were observed in 20.0% of cases of mechanical asphyxia.
Geochronology, Geochemistry, Fluid Inclusion and C, O Isotope Compositions of Calcite Veins in the Paleogene of the Jiangling Basin, South China: Implications for Fluid Evolution and Brine Potash Mineralization
Authors: YU Xiaocan , WANG Chunlian , LIU Chenglin , WANG Jiuyi , SHEN Lijian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeep‐seated potassium‐rich brines were identified in the Jiangling Basin, South China. Although magmatic‐hydrothermal sources have been proposed, the relationship between brine‐type potash mineralization and volcanism remains unclear. In this study, U‐Pb geochronology, geochemistry, fluid inclusion and C‐O isotopic compositions of hydrothermal vein minerals in the Jiangling Basin are examined. Laser ablation U‐Pb dating of calcite veins indicates that the ages are slightly younger than the formation age of the Balingshan basalt. Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals show medium–low homogenization temperatures (160–220°C) and low salinities (0.14 to 4.9 wt% NaCl eqv.) and densities (0.882–0.944 g/cm3). The liquid compositions of fluid inclusions in calcite veins from sedimentary strata have higher contents of potassium, compared with those from basalt. The coupled negative δ13CPDB (–10.3‰ to −8.0‰) and positive δ18OSMOW (17.4‰ to 20.7‰) values imply that calcite precipitation resulted from CO2 degassing of the basaltic magmatic fluids, as indicated by the gas composition of these inclusions in hydrothermal minerals. Rare earth element patterns indicate that water‐rock interaction between hydrothermal fluids and sedimentary wall rocks contributed to the calcite precipitation in sedimentary strata. It is proposed that high‐temperature water‐rock interaction between magmatic fluids and sedimentary strata resulted in the potassium enrichment in fluids, interpreted as one of the sources of potassium‐rich brines in the Jiangling Basin.
Palynological Evidence of Late Pleistocene Soft‐sediment Deformation Event in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: WEI Lijie , LI Zhenhong , DONG Xiaopeng , CUI Jiawei , HUANG Ting , KOU Linlin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is the youngest part of the Tibetan Plateau where tectonic activity is intense and climate change is complex. In this study, combined with field investigations, we explored accelerator mass spectrometry 14C and optically stimulated luminescence dating and palynological analysis of the sedimentary sequence in the Qingshuihe Basin to explain the origin of soft‐sediment deformation layer. Dating and palynological results from the Sanchahe section in the basin revealed a detailed history of vegetation variation and associated climate change from ∼18 to ∼5 ka BP. The results indicate that the permafrost developed at ∼18–11.7 ka BP, and the soft‐sediment deformation structures formed at ∼11.7–5 ka BP. Together with the characteristics of the deformation (meter‐scale, continuous symmetrical wave) and paleoclimate, we suggest that the soft‐sediment deformation layer in the late Pleistocene was cryoturbated under climatic conditions. The discovery of a series of cryoturbations in the Qingshuihe Basin has further enriched the regional distribution of periglacial phenomena in the west of the Ordos Plateau, expanded the distribution range of periglacial phenomena, and provided evidence for exploring the temporal and spatial changes in permafrost in northern China at the end of the late Pleistocene.
Genesis of the Sinongduo Carbonate‐hosted Pb‐Zn‐Ag Deposit in the Central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet
Authors: RAN Fengqin , TANG Juxing , YANG Zongyao , DUO Ji , REN Dongxing , GUO Wenbo , WU Xin , HAO Jinyue , HE Yifei , SUN Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Sinongduo mining region includes two types of mineralizations: the epithermal and the carbonate‐hosted Pb‐Zn‐Ag deposits. Despite being studied for many years, the ore formation process and genesis of the carbonate‐hosted Pb‐Zn‐Ag deposits remain poorly understood. The Pb‐Zn‐Ag ore bodies occur as veins and are hosted by limestone and dolostone of the Permian Xiala Formation. Three sulfide mineralization substages have been identified at the Sinongduo carbonate‐hosted deposit. Indium coupled with Cu, Co and Sn was incorporated into sphalerite as substitutions: 2Zn2+ ↔ Cu+ + In3+, (3n/2 + 1)Zn2+ ↔ Co2+ + nIn3+ or (2n + 1)Zn2+ ↔ Co2+ + n(Cu+ + In3+) (n > 1) and 4Zn2+ ↔ Sn2+ + 2In3+. Sphalerite and pyrite in the mineralization stage display δ34S values in a narrow range of +5.7‰ to +11.3‰, which are similar to those of Palaeocene igneous rocks, indicative of a magmatic source of sulfur. We present systematic carbon‐hydrogen‐oxygen isotope results that further support a magmatic source for the ore‐forming fluids that were influenced by meteoric water. Furthermore, the Pb isotope compositions of sulfide minerals in the Sinongduo carbonate‐hosted deposit overlap with the values of coeval Linzizong volcanic rocks and are similar to those of Indian Ocean sediments, indicating upper crustal sources of metals. We conclude that the Sinongduo carbonate‐hosted Pb‐Zn‐Ag deposit is a medium‐ to low‐temperature magmatic‐hydrothermal deposit related to Linzizong magmatism.
Real‐world outcomes of anti‐EGFR therapy in advanced non–small cell lung cancer EGFR mutated in Peru
Authors: Galvez‐Nino Marco , Ruiz Rossana , Roque Katia , Coanqui Ofelia , Valdivieso Natalia , Olivera Mivael , Ganti Apar Kishor , Mas Luis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the advances in the management of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the access to genetic profiling and target therapies remains a challenge in Latin America, even in countries with a higher rate of targetable mutations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) treatment in a Peruvian real‐world setting.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of recurrent or advanced NSCLC EGFR mutated patients diagnosed and treated with anti‐EGFR TKI at Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) between January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. The outcomes were objective response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsWe identify 613 stage IV or recurrent NSCLC patients who were tested for EGFR mutations and found a pathogenic mutation in 39.5% of patients. Only 51.2% of them received anti‐EGFR TKI as institutional treatment. ORR was 58%, after median follow‐up of 32 months, the estimated median PFS was 13.9 months (11.1–16.7 months), and the estimated median OS was 21.7 months (18.5–24.9 months). No differences were found in PFS according to line of treatment or brain metastases at diagnosis (p = 0.46 and p = 0.07, respectively), respect to OS there were no differences line of treatment (p = 0.12), significant difference were found in presence of brain metastases (p = 0.006).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that erlotinib for advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR‐activating mutations is effective even in patients usually excluded from clinical trial, like those previously exposed to one or more lines of chemotherapy or with brain metastases.
A single‐nucleus transcriptomics study of alcohol use disorder in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: van den Oord Edwin J. C. G. , Xie Lin Y. , Zhao Min , Aberg Karolina A. , Clark Shaunna L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGene expression studies offer promising opportunities to better understand the processes underlying alcohol use disorder (AUD). As cell types differ in their function, gene expression profiles will typically vary across cell types. When studying bulk tissue, failure to account for this cellular diversity has a detrimental impact on the ability to detect disease associations. We therefore assayed the transcriptomes of 32,531 individual nuclei extracted from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of nine donors with AUD and nine controls (72% male). Our study identified 17 clearly delineated cell types. We detected 26 transcriptome‐wide significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that mainly involved medium spiny neurons with both D1‐type and D2‐type dopamine receptors, microglia (MGL) and oligodendrocytes. A higher than expected number of DEGs replicated in an existing single nucleus gene expression study of alcohol dependence in the prefrontal cortex (enrichment ratio 1.91, p value 0.019) with two genes remaining significant after a Bonferroni correction. Our most compelling result involved CD53 in MGL that replicated in the same cell type in the prefrontal cortex and was previously implicated in studies of DNA methylation, bulk gene expression and genetic variants. Several DEGs were previously reported to be associated with AUD (e.g., PER1 and MGAT5). The DEGs for MSN.3 seemed involved in neurodegeneration, disruption of circadian rhythms, alterations in glucose metabolism and changes in synaptic plasticity. For MGL, the DEGs implicated neuroinflammation and immune‐related processes and for OLI, disruptions in myelination. This identification of the specific cell‐types from which the association signals originate will be key for designing proper follow‐up experiments and, eventually, novel clinical interventions.
Toward an ontology of identity‐related constructs in addiction, with examples from nicotine and tobacco research
Authors: Notley Caitlin , West Robert , Soar Kirstie , Hastings Janna , Cox Sharon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsWe aimed to create a basic set of definitions and relationships for identity‐related constructs, as part of the Addiction Ontology and E‐Cigarette Ontology projects, that could be used by researchers with diverse theoretical positions and so facilitate evidence synthesis and interoperability.MethodsWe reviewed the use of identity‐related constructs in psychological and social sciences and how these have been applied to addiction with a focus on nicotine and tobacco research. We, then, used an iterative process of adaptation and review to arrive at a basic set of identity‐related classes with labels, definitions and relationships that could provide a common framework for research.ResultsWe propose that ‘identity’ be used to refer to ‘a cognitive representation by a person or group of themselves’, with ‘self‐identity’ referring to an individual's identity and ‘group identity’ referring to an identity held by a social group. Identities can then be classified at any level of granularity based on the content of the representations (e.g. ‘tobacco smoker identity’, ‘cigarette smoker identity’ and ‘vaper identity’). We propose distinguishing identity from ‘self‐appraisal’ to capture the distinction between the representation of oneself (e.g. as an ‘ex‐smoker’) and (i) the importance and (ii) the positive or negative evaluation that we attach to what is represented. We label an identity that is appraised as enduring as a ‘core identity’, related to ‘strong identity’ because of the appraisal as important. Identities that are appraised positively or negatively involve ‘positive self‐appraisal’ and ‘negative self‐appraisal’ respectively. This allows us to create ‘logically defined classes’ of identity by combining them (e.g. ‘positive core cigarette smoker identity’ to refer to a cigarette smoker self‐identity that is both positive and important). We refer to the totality of self‐identities of a person as a ‘composite self‐identity’.ConclusionsAn ontology of identity constructs may assist in improving clarity when discussing theories and evidence relating to this construct in addiction research.
Behavioral excess and disruptive conduct: A historical and taxonomic approach to the origin of the ‘impulse control disorders’ diagnostic construct
Authors: Fusaroli Michele , Pellegrini Luca , Fusaroli Riccardo , Raschi Emanuel , Menchetti Marco , Poluzzi Elisabetta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsImpulse control disorders (ICDs) are iatrogenic and idiopathic conditions with psychosocial and economic consequences for the affected individuals and their families (e.g. bankruptcy and divorce). However, the definition of ICDs has changed over time, and ICDs are not consistently included within existing taxonomies. We discuss the origins of the ICD diagnostic construct and its unsolved tensions.MethodsTo contextualize the ICD diagnostic construct, we provided an overview of its origins in past centuries and followed its development across multiple editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, as well as its definition within emerging ontologies.ResultsTwo independent roots of the ICD construct emerged: (a) the interest in behavioral excess as expressed in encyclopedic compilations (18th century) and (b) the juridical debate on disruptive conduct and responsibility (19th–20th centuries). These roots underlie the repeated taxonomic remodeling observed throughout the 20th and 21st centuries and three critical issues persisting in both clinical practice and research. First, the number of ICDs keeps increasing across the spectrum of human behaviors, disregarding common pathogenetic and phenomenological grounds. Secondly, ICDs substantially overlap with other mental conditions. Impulsivity is often neglected as a minor inconvenience or side effect when co‐occurring with major diagnoses (e.g. depression) and therefore inadequately managed. Finally, ICDs’ definitions display an unsolved tension between being conceived as hobby, moral fault or pathological drive, which may be responsible for stigma and delayed intervention.ConclusionThe reasons that made impulse control disorders (ICDs) difficult to define from their first conceptualization are the same reasons that now complicate taxonomic efforts and diagnosis. Tracing back ICDs’ roots and criticalities can help to define a common and less ambiguous theoretical framework, which may also result in the demise of the ICD construct and a move towards more clearly defined and more useful ontologies.
Clinical outcomes of non‐surgical root canal obturations using NeoMTA: A retrospective series of case reports
Authors: Walsh Ryan M. , Attar Sayeed , Turner Casey L. , Pistocchi Robert , Allen Lauren , Woodmansey Karl F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeoMTA is a commercially available tricalcium silicate‐based cement intended for contact with pulp and periradicular tissues. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of non‐surgical root canal treatments with NeoMTA obturations. Patients were treated in a private endodontic practice between 2015 and 2018. All cases, including initial treatments and retreatments, were either fully obturated with NeoMTA, or using gutta‐percha with NeoMTA as an endodontic sealer. Outcomes were assessed using follow‐up examination data with digital periapical radiographs with a minimum of a 1‐year recall. Teeth were classified based on the clinical examination as: healed/healing (success), or non‐healed (failure). 265 teeth were included with an average follow‐up time of 1.3 years. The overall success rate was 91.7%. Only the presence of a pre‐operative periapical radiolucency was found to significantly affect success. Comparison of obturation techniques demonstrated no effect on outcomes. NeoMTA is suitable for endodontic obturation.