bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiology of Major Trauma During the First Wave of COVID‐19 Movement Restriction Policies: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Antonini Marcello , Hinwood Madeleine , Paolucci Francesco , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this systematic review is to investigate changes in the epidemiology of major trauma presentations during the implementation of movement restriction measures to manage the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsA systematic search in six databases, as well as a search of grey literature was performed from January 2020 to August 2021. Estimates were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis. The certainty of evidence was rated according to the GRADE approach. The review is reported using both PRISMA guideline and the MOOSE checklist.ResultsIn total, 35 studies involving 36,987 patients were included. The number of major trauma admissions overall decreased during social movement restrictions (−24%; p < 0.01; 95% CI [−0.31; −0.17]). A pooled analysis reported no evidence of a change in the severity of trauma admissions (OR:1.17; 95%CI [0.77, 1.79], I2 = 77%). There was no evidence for a change in mortality during the COVID‐19 period (OR:0.94, 95%CI [0.80,1.11], I2 = 53%). There was a statistically significant reduction in motor vehicle trauma (OR:0.70; 95%CI [0.61, 0.81], I2 = 91%) and a statistically significant increase in admissions due to firearms and gunshot wounds (OR:1.34; 95%CI [1.11, 1.61], I2 = 73%) and suicide attempts and self‐harm (OR:1.41; 95%CI [1.05, 1.89], I2 = 39%).Conclusions and relevanceAlthough evidence continues to emerge, this systematic review reports some decrease in absolute major trauma volume with unchanged severity and mortality during the first wave of COVID‐19 movement restriction policies. Current evidence does not support the reallocation of highly specialised trauma professionals and trauma resources.Registration PROSPERO ID CRD42020224827.
Evidence for trophic niche partitioning among three temperate gorgonian octocorals
Authors: Conti-Jerpe Inga E. , Pawlik Joseph R. , Finelli Christopher M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrophic niche theory predicts that species in competition for a limiting resource will evolve adaptations allowing them to consume alternative resources and occupy new niche space. Trophic niche partitioning is often identified by differences in the morphology of feeding structures across species; however, these differences may not always be readily observable. Due to their constrained polyp morphology, octocorals are often viewed a single functional group that contributes to benthic-pelagic coupling by feeding opportunistically on available particles. To test the hypothesis that sympatric gorgonians share the same trophic niche, feeding selectivity of three gorgonian species (Leptogorgia virgulata, Muricea pendula,andThesea nivea)was compared using a combination of flume experiments and stable isotope analysis. The tentacle length and polyp surface area ofL. virgulataandT. niveawere also measured and compared. In flume experiments, clearance of rotifers (“typical” zooplankton) and a mixture of cultured phytoplankton indicated thatL. virgulataandT. niveafed on zooplankton and not phytoplankton. Stable isotope values for all three species are consistent with distinct trophic niches, withM. pendulaoccupying a lower trophic level.Thesea niveawas found to have significantly larger polyp surface area and tentacle length; however, this did not appear to explain observed trophic differences. The results of this study provide evidence for niche partitioning, but future work is required to better understand the mechanism behind this divergence.
DBS emergency surgery for treatment of dystonic storm associated with rhabdomyolysis and acute colitis in DYT-GNAO1
Authors: Chaib Hind , Schoene-Bake Jan-Christoph , Saryyeva Assel , Jack Thomas , Hartmann Hans , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with variants in the GNAO1 gene may present with life-threatening dystonic storm. There is little experience using pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) as an emergency treatment in such cases.

Case description
We report on a 16-year-old girl with a variant in the GNAO1 gene (c.626G > T; p.(Arg209Leu)) who was admitted to the intensive care unit with medically refractory dystonic storm with secondary complications inducing rhabdomyolysis and acute colitis. Emergency pallidal DBS resulted in rapid improvement of dystonic storm and the subsidence of rhabdomyolysis and colitis. There were no further episodes of dystonic storm during follow-up of 2 years.

Conclusion
Pallidal DBS is a useful treatment option for GNAO1-related dystonic storm with secondary complications which can be performed as an emergency surgery.
Correlation between clinical severity and extent of autonomic cardiovascular impairment in the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Borutta Matthias C. , Gerner Stefan T. , Moeser Philip , Hoelter Philip , Engelhorn Tobias , Doerfler Arnd , Huttner Hagen B. , Schwab Stefan , Kuramatsu Joji B. , Koehn Julia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
To assess associations between clinical severity and possible dysfunction of autonomic cardiovascular modulation within the acute phase after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods
In this prospective observational study, in 51 patients with spontaneous SAH, Hunt-and-Hess scores (H&H) were assessed and cardiovascular autonomic modulation was monitored within 24 h after SAH-onset. From 5 min time-series of R–R-intervals (RRI) and blood-pressure (BP) recordings, we calculated autonomic parameters including time-domain [RRI-coefficient-of-variation (RRI-CV) and square-root-of-the-mean-squared-differences-of-successive-RRIs (RMSSD)] and frequency-domain parameters [low- and high-frequency-powers of RRI- and BP-modulation (RRI-LF-, RRI-HF-, SBP-LF-powers) and RRI-total-powers]. Data were compared to those of 20 healthy volunteers.

Results
RRI- and BP-values did not differ between groups. Yet, parameters of sympathetic (RRI-LF-powers 141.0 (18.9–402.4) ms2 vs 442.3 (246.8–921.2) ms2, p = 0.001) and total autonomic modulation (RRI-CV 2.4 (1.2–3.7) ms2 vs 3.7 (3.1–5.3) ms2, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Subgroup analyses (patients with H&H < 3 vs H&H ≥ 3) and Spearman-rank-correlations revealed increasing loss of sympathetic (RRI-LF-powers 338.6 (179.7–710.4) ms2 vs 72.1 (10.1–175.9) ms2, p = 0.001, rho = − 0.524) and total autonomic modulation (RRI-CV 3.5 (2.3–5.4) ms2 vs 1.6 (1.0–2.8) ms2, p < 0.001, rho = − 0.519) with higher H&H-scores. Multiple-logistic-regression underlined the significant influence of H&H-scores on sympathetic (RRI-LF-powers, p = 0.033) and total autonomic modulation (RRI-CV, p = 0.040) compared to possible confounders (e.g., age, intubation).

Conclusion
Within the acute phase, spontaneous SAH induces a decrease in sympathetic and total autonomic cardiovascular modulation. Higher H&H-scores were associated with increasing autonomic dysfunction and may therefore augment the risk of cardiovascular complications and poor clinical outcome.
COVID-19 exit strategy during vaccine implementation: a balance between social distancing and herd immunity
Authors: Daher-Nashif Suhad , Al-Anany Rania , Ali Menatalla , Erradi Khadija , Farag Elmoubasher , Abdallah Abdallah M. , Emara Mohamed M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrently, health authorities around the world are struggling to limit the spread of COVID-19. Since the beginning of the pandemic, social distancing has been the most important strategy used by most countries to control disease spread by flattening and elongating the epidemic curve. Another strategy, herd immunity, was also applied by some countries through relaxed control measures that allow the free spread of natural infection to build up solid immunity within the population. In 2021, COVID-19 vaccination was introduced with tremendous effort as a promising strategy for limiting the spread of disease. Therefore, in this review, we present the current knowledge about social distancing, herd immunity strategies, and aspects of their implementation to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the presence of the newly developed vaccines. Finally, we suggest a short-term option for controlling the pandemic during vaccine application.
A randomized controlled trial of remote microphone listening devices to treat auditory deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Rance Gary , Maier Alice , Zanin Julien , Haebich Kristina M. , North Kathryn N. , Orsini Francesca , Dabscheck Gabriel , Delatycki Martin B. , Payne Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
A high proportion of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) present with functional hearing deficiency as a result of neural abnormality in the late auditory brainstem.

Methods
In this randomized, two-period crossover study, we investigated the hypothesis that remote-microphone listening devices can ameliorate hearing and communication deficits in affected school-aged children (7–17 years). Speech perception ability in background noise was evaluated in device-active and inactive conditions using the CNC-word test. Participants were then randomized to one of two treatment sequences: (1) inactive device for two weeks (placebo), followed by active device use for two weeks, or (2) active device for 2 weeks, followed by inactive device for 2 weeks. Listening and communication ratings (LIFE-R Questionnaire) were obtained at baseline and at the end of each treatment phase.

Results
Each participant demonstrated functional hearing benefits with remote-microphone use. All showed a speech perception in noise increase when the device was activated with a mean phoneme-score difference of 16.4% (p < 0.001) and reported improved listening/communication abilities in the school classroom (mean difference: 23.4%; p = 0.017).

Discussion
Conventional hearing aids are typically ineffective as a treatment for auditory neural dysfunction, making sounds louder, but not clearer for affected individuals. In this study, we demonstrate that remote-microphone technologies are acceptable/tolerable in pediatric patients with NF1 and can ameliorate their hearing deficits.

Conclusion
Remote-microphone listening systems offer a viable treatment option for children with auditory deficits associated with NF1.
Proof, Semiotics, and the Computer: On the Relevance and Limitation of Thought Experiment in Mathematics
Authors: Lenhard Johannes 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis contribution defends two claims. The first is about why thought experiments are so relevant and powerful in mathematics. Heuristics and proof are not strictly and, therefore, the relevance of thought experiments is not contained to heuristics. The main argument is based on a semiotic analysis of how mathematics works with signs. Seen in this way, formal symbols do not eliminate thought experiments (replacing them by something rigorous), but rather provide a new stage for them. The formal world resembles the empirical world in that it calls for exploration and offers surprises. This presents a major reason why thought experiments occur both in empirical sciences and in mathematics. The second claim is about a looming aporia that signals the limitation of thought experiments. This aporia arises when mathematical arguments cease to be fully accessible, thus violating a precondition for experimenting in thought. The contribution focuses on the work of Vladimir Voevodsky (1966–2017, Fields medalist in 2002) who argued that even very pure branches of mathematics cannot avoid inaccessibility of proof. Furthermore, he suggested that computer verification is a feasible path forward, but only if proof is not modeled in terms of formal logic.
Evapotranspiration in hydrological models under rising CO2: a jump into the unknown
Authors: Lemaitre-Basset Thibault , Oudin Ludovic , Thirel Guillaume 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany hydrological models use the concept of potential evapotranspiration (PE) to simulate actual evapotranspiration (AE). PE formulations often neglect the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2), which challenges their relevance in a context of climate change and rapid changes in CO2 atmospheric concentrations. In this work, we implement three options from the literature to take into account the effect of CO2 on stomatal resistance in the well-known Penman–Monteith PE formulation. We assess their impact on future runoff using the Budyko framework over France. On the basis of an ensemble of Euro-Cordex climate projections using the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, we show that taking into account CO2 in PE formulations largely reduces PE values but also limits projections of runoff decrease, especially under an emissive scenario, namely, the RCP 8.5, whereas the classic Penman–Monteith formulation yields decreasing runoff projections over most of France, taking into account CO2 yields more contrasting results. Runoff increase becomes likely in the north of France, which is an energy-limited area, with different levels of runoff response produced by the three tested formulations. The results highlight the sensitivity of hydrological projections to the processes represented in the PE formulation.
Sub-linear convergence of a stochastic proximal iteration method in Hilbert space
Authors: Eisenmann Monika , Stillfjord Tony , Williamson Måns 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider a stochastic version of the proximal point algorithm for convex optimization problems posed on a Hilbert space. A typical application of this is supervised learning. While the method is not new, it has not been extensively analyzed in this form. Indeed, most related results are confined to the finite-dimensional setting, where error bounds could depend on the dimension of the space. On the other hand, the few existing results in the infinite-dimensional setting only prove very weak types of convergence, owing to weak assumptions on the problem. In particular, there are no results that show strong convergence with a rate. In this article, we bridge these two worlds by assuming more regularity of the optimization problem, which allows us to prove convergence with an (optimal) sub-linear rate also in an infinite-dimensional setting. In particular, we assume that the objective function is the expected value of a family of convex differentiable functions. While we require that the full objective function is strongly convex, we do not assume that its constituent parts are so. Further, we require that the gradient satisfies a weak local Lipschitz continuity property, where the Lipschitz constant may grow polynomially given certain guarantees on the variance and higher moments near the minimum. We illustrate these results by discretizing a concrete infinite-dimensional classification problem with varying degrees of accuracy.
The synergetic effect of pulp chamber extension depth and occlusal thickness on stress distribution of molar endocrowns: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuejiao , Lai Hongbin , Meng Qingzhen , Gong Qimei , Tong Zhongchun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of butt margin, occlusal thickness and pulp chamber extension depth on stress distributions on mandibular molar endodontically treated teeth (ETT) with EMAX endocrown restoration using 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA models of endocrown with flat surface or curve surface of butt margin were firstly evaluated stress distributions, and then 9 FEA models of endocrown with 1-, 2- or 3-mm pulp chamber extension depth and 1-, 2- or 3-mm occlusal thickness were generated using curve surface of butt margin. In all of FEA models, a 200 N of vertical load or horizontal load was applied, and the von Mises stress (VMS) were evaluated. The results showed that curve surface of butt margin offered more adhesive area of enamel, though VMS on the prepared teeth was similar in flat surface and curve surface models. In 9 endocrown models, 2-mm occlusal thickness showed the lowest VMS on restorations, teeth tissue and root furcations, and 2-mm extension depth displayed the lowest VMS on root furcations under vertical load. Also, 2-mm extension depth exhibited the lowest VMS on restorations and teeth tissue under horizontal load. Within the limitations of this FEA study, the results of this study could be used as an aid for dentists to better devise endocrown restorations.
Quality of Life and Social and Psychological Outcomes in Adulthood Following Allogeneic HSCT in Childhood for Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Nicholson Bethany , Goodman Rupert , Day James , Worth Austen , Carpenter Ben , Sandford Kit , Morris Emma C. , Burns Siobhan O. , Ridout Deborah , Titman Penny , Campbell Mari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is well established as a corrective treatment for many inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) presenting in childhood. Due to improved techniques, more transplants are undertaken and patients are living longer. However, long-term complications can significantly affect future health and quality of life. Previous research has focused on short-term medical outcomes and little is known about health or psychosocial outcomes in adulthood.

Objective
This project aimed to ascertain the long-term social and psychological outcomes for adults who underwent HSCT for IEI during childhood.

Methods
Adult patients, who had all undergone HSCT for IEI during childhood at two specialist immunology services at least 5 years previously, were invited to participate in the study. Questionnaires and practical tasks assessed their current functioning and circumstances. Information was also gathered from medical notes. Data was compared with population norms and a control group of participant-nominated siblings or friends.

Results
Eighty-three patients and 46 matched controls participated in the study. Patients reported significantly better physical health-related quality of life than the general population norm, but significantly worse than matched controls. Patient’s self-reported physical health status and the perceived impact of their physical health on everyday life were worse than matched controls and patients reported higher levels of anxiety and lower mood than the general population. For those where their IEI diagnosis was not associated with a learning disability, cognitive function was generally within the normal range.

Conclusions
Patients who have had a HSCT in childhood report mixed psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. More research is needed to establish screening protocols and targeted interventions to maximize holistic outcomes.

Clinical Implications
Screening for holistic needs and common mental health difficulties should be part of routine follow-up. Information should be provided to patients and families in order to support decision-making regarding progression to transplant and the early identification of any difficulties.
Subminimal Negation on the Australian Plan
Authors: Tabakci Selcuk Kaan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrame semantics for negation on the Australian Plan accommodates many different negations, but it falls short on accommodating subminimal negation when the language contains conjunction and disjunction. In this paper, I will present a multi-relational frame semantics –multi-incompatibility frame semantics– that can accommodate subminimal negation. I will first argue that multi-incompatibility frames are in accordance with the philosophical motivations behind negation on the Australian Plan, namely its modal and exclusion-expressing nature. Then, I will prove the soundness and completeness results of a subminimal logic that consists of the multi-incompatibility semantics and a proof system with operational rules that characterize subminimal negation, conjunction and disjunction. Lastly, I will prove some key correspondence theorems that relate frame conditions to certain principles that are associated with stronger negations, which will give rise to a new kite of negations that includes subminimal negation.
Graph Neural Network for Context-Aware Recommendation
Authors: Sattar Asma , Bacciu Davide 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecommendation problems are naturally tackled as a link prediction task in a bipartite graph between user and item nodes, labelled with rating information on edges. To provide personal recommendations and improve the performance of the recommender system, it is necessary to integrate side information along with user-item interactions. The integration of context is a key success factor in recommendation systems because it allows catering for user preferences and opinions, especially when this pertains to the circumstances surrounding the interaction between users and items. In this paper, we propose a context-aware Graph Convolutional Matrix Completion which captures structural information and integrates the user’s opinion on items along with the surrounding context on edges and static features of user and item nodes. Our graph encoder produces user and item representations with respect to context, features and opinion. The decoder takes the aggregated embeddings to predict the user-item score considering the surrounding context. We have evaluated the performance of our model on 14 five publicly available datasets and compared it with state-of-the-art algorithms. Throughout this we show how it can effectively integrate user opinion along with surrounding context to produce a final node representation which is aware of the favourite circumstances of the particular node.
Asymptotic Optimality for Decentralised Bandits
Authors: Newton Conor J. , Ganesh Ayalvadi , Reeve Henry W. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider a large number of agents collaborating on a multi-armed bandit problem with a large number of arms. The goal is to minimise the regret of each agent in a communication-constrained setting. We present a decentralised algorithm which builds upon and improves the Gossip-Insert-Eliminate method of Chawla et al. (International conference on artificial intelligence and statistics, pp 3471–3481, 2020). We provide a theoretical analysis of the regret incurred which shows that our algorithm is asymptotically optimal. In fact, our regret guarantee matches the asymptotically optimal rate achievable in the full communication setting. Finally, we present empirical results which support our conclusions.
Evolution of CAS human rights jurisprudence: observations from Keramuddin Karim v. FIFA
Authors: Kuwelker Surbhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay seeks to analyze certain elements in the 2020 Court of Arbitration for Sport award in Keramuddin Karim v. Fédération International de Football Associations (CAS 2019/A/6388, award dated July 14, 2020) where the former President of the Afghan Football Federation was sanctioned for offences including sexual abuse of Afghan footballers. Against the backdrop of increasing visibility of and focus on safeguarding of sporting bodies in the recent past, this essay looks at three aspects: (1) the definition and constitution of the offence; (2) select evidentiary matters of standard of proof, anonymous witness statements and due process; and (3) sanctioning—contextualizing them against a non-criminal, arbitration forum’s human rights jurisprudence as it currently stands. Concluding observations made include a dearth of robust provisions in applicable regulations, but the possibility to read rights into them, and the necessity of nuanced, perhaps unconventional, approaches to evidentiary standards and sanctioning.