bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative protective mechanical ventilation in patients requiring emergency abdominal surgery: the multicentre prospective randomised IMPROVE-2 study protocol
Authors: Khaled Louisa , Godet Thomas , Jaber Samir , Chanques Gerald , Asehnoune Karim , Bourdier Justine , Araujo Lynda , Futier Emmanuel , Pereira Bruno 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionEmergency abdominal surgery is associated with a high risk of postoperative complications. One of the most serious is postoperative respiratory failure (PRF), with reported rates up to 20%–30% and attributable 30-day mortality that can exceed 20%.Lung-protective ventilation, especially the use of low tidal volume, may help reducing the risk of lung injury. The role of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment manoeuvre (RM) remains however debated. We aim to evaluate whether a strategy aimed at increasing alveolar recruitment by using higher PEEP levels and RM could be more effective at reducing PRF and mortality after emergency abdominal surgery than a strategy aimed at minimising alveolar distension by using lower PEEP levels without RM.Methods and analysisThe IMPROVE-2 study is a multicentre randomised, parallel-group clinical trial of 680 patients requiring emergency abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia. Patients will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either low PEEP levels (≤5 cm H2O) without RM or high PEEP levels individually adjusted according to driving pressure in addition to RM, stratified by centre and according to the presence of shock and hypoxaemia at randomisation. The primary endpoint is a composite of PRF and all-cause mortality by day 30 or hospital discharge. Data will be analysed on the intention-to-treat principle and a per-protocol basis.Ethics and disseminationIMPROVE-2 trial has been approved by an independent ethics committee for all study centres. Participant recruitment began in February 2021. Results will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03987789.
LOw-dose CT Or Lung UltraSonography versus standard of care based-strategies for the diagnosis of pneumonia in the elderly: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (OCTOPLUS)
Authors: Prendki Virginie , Garin Nicolas , Stirnemann Jerome , Combescure Christophe , Platon Alexandra , Bernasconi Enos , Sauter Thomas , Hautz Wolf 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPneumonia is a leading cause of mortality and a common indication for antibiotic in elderly patients. However, its diagnosis is often inaccurate. We aim to compare the diagnostic accuracy, the clinical and cost outcomes and the use of antibiotics associated with three imaging strategies in patients >65 years old with suspected pneumonia in the emergency room (ER): chest X-ray (CXR, standard of care), low-dose CT scan (LDCT) or lung ultrasonography (LUS).Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre randomised superiority clinical trial with three parallel arms. Patients will be allocated in the ER to a diagnostic strategy based on either CXR, LDCT or LUS. All three imaging modalities will be performed but the results of two of them will be masked during 5 days to the patients, the physicians in charge of the patients and the investigators according to random allocation. The primary objective is to compare the accuracy of LDCT versus CXR-based strategies. As secondary objectives, antibiotics prescription, clinical and cost outcomes will be compared, and the same analyses repeated to compare the LUS and CXR strategies. The reference diagnosis will be established a posteriori by a panel of experts. Based on a previous study, we expect an improvement of 16% of the accuracy of pneumonia diagnosis using LDCT instead of CXR. Under this assumption, and accounting for 10% of drop-out, the enrolment of 495 patients is needed to prove the superiority of LDCT over CRX (alpha error=0.05, beta error=0.10).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval: CER Geneva 2019-01288.Trial registration numberNCT04978116.
Influence of work hours and commute time on food practices: a longitudinal analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey
Authors: Oostenbach Laura Helena , Lamb Karen Elaine , Crawford David , Thornton Lukar 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesWork hours and commute time are key contributors to time scarcity, with potential detrimental implications for healthy eating. This study examined (1) associations between work and commute hours with food practices and (2) within-individual associations between changes in work and commute hours with changes in food practices.DesignLongitudinal studySettingAustraliaParticipantsData were from 14 807 respondents in waves 7 (2007), 9 (2009), 13 (2013) and 17 (2017) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. The sample for this analysis included individuals who were in paid employment in at least one of the four waves.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes included frequency of out-of-home food purchasing for breakfast, lunch, dinner and all three summed eating occasions, and fruit and vegetables consumption.ResultsResults indicated the longer individuals spent working and commuting, the more likely they were to purchase out-of-home foods (frequency of total out-of-home food purchasing: incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.007 (95% CI 1.007 to 1.008)), and the less they consumed fruit and vegetables, although reductions in fruit and vegetables servings were minimal (fruit: β=−0.002 (95% CI −0.003 to –0.001), vegetables: β=−0.002 (95% CI −0.003 to –0.001)). Similar results regarding associations with out-of-home food purchasing were observed when examining within-individual changes (IRR=1.006 (95% CI 1.005 to 1.007)).ConclusionsResults suggest employment-related time demands push towards more frequent out-of-home food purchasing. In the long term, this may have negative health consequences as out-of-home foods tend to be less healthy than home-prepared foods.
Views of clinicians towards providing contraceptive advice and contraception to women following early pregnancy loss: a qualitative study
Authors: Narayanan Nandaja , Reynolds-Wright John Joseph , Cameron Sharon T 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionNational guidelines advise that clinicians caring for women post-pregnancy should give women opportunities to discuss contraception, regardless of pregnancy outcome, and provide contraception to women who choose to take up a method. This study aimed to explore knowledge, views and needs of Early Pregnancy Unit (EPU) clinicians around discussing and offering contraception and discussing pregnancy intendedness with women after early pregnancy loss using a qualitative approach.MethodsSemi-structured, audio-recorded interviews with 11 clinicians from a single regional EPU in Edinburgh, Scotland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsClinicians were reluctant to discuss contraception as they believed women would find the topic overwhelming and distressing. Thoughts on discussing pregnancy intendedness were polarised; some considered it insensitive, and others essential. Barriers to discussing contraception and providing it were numerous and included time pressure, and inadequate knowledge and training on contraception. Participants suggested training on contraception, closer working with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, and availability of information on contraception specifically aimed at women who have experienced an early pregnancy loss could facilitate discussions and method provision.ConclusionsEPU clinicians require ongoing training and support to be effective at discussing pregnancy intendedness and discussing and providing post-pregnancy contraception. This will require close working with SRH services and development of sensitive information around contraception for women experiencing an early pregnancy loss.
NKG2A and PD-L1 expression panel predicts clinical benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy and PD-L1 blockade in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Yan Sen , Zeng Han , Jin Kaifeng , Shao Fei , Liu Zhaopei , Chang Yuan , Wang Yiwei , Zhu Yu , Wang Zewei , Xu Le , Xu Jiejie 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundProgrammed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression as a single biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) was controversial. NKG2A was a PD1/PD-L1 axis-related immunity-dependent factor. NKG2A and PD-L1 expression as a combinatorial biomarker might improve the prediction of PD-L1 in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).MethodsThree independent cohorts were enrolled in our study. 195 patients with bladder-derived metastatic urothelial carcinoma on PD-L1 inhibitor treatment from the IMvigor210 trial were enrolled. 124 MIBC patients from Zhongshan Hospital and 391 patients with MIBC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were included in this study.The PD-L1/NKG2A-based risk stratification was validated in three independent cohorts, and its association with response to ICB and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), immune contexture and molecular features was evaluated. Histologic staining and genomic algorithm were performed to detect characteristics of NKG2A and PD-L1 expression and infiltration of immune cells.ResultsWe identified NKG2AhiPD-L1hipatients could benefit more from cisplatin-based ACT and PD-L1 inhibitor. Further analyses revealed NKG2A and PD-L1 expression panel was linked to an immune-active tumor microenvironment with highly immune effector cells and effector molecules. In addition, NKG2A and PD-L1 expression panel was intrinsically correlated with genomic alterations related to therapeutic response in MIBC.ConclusionsNKG2A and PD-L1 expression panel was associated with an immune inflamed microenvironment and acted as a combinatorial biomarker to predict the therapeutic response to ACT and PD-L1 blockade in MIBC.
Effectiveness of remote care interventions: a systematic review informing the 2022 EULAR Points to Consider for remote care in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases
Authors: Marques Andréa , Bosch Philipp , de Thurah Annette , Meissner Yvette , Falzon Louise , Mukhtyar Chetan , Bijlsma Johannes WJ , Dejaco Christian , Stamm Tanja A 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic literature review (SLR) on different outcomes of remote care compared with face-to-face (F2F) care, its implementation into clinical practice and to identify drivers and barriers in order to inform a task force formulating the EULAR Points to Consider for remote care in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).MethodsA search strategy was developed and run in Medline (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently performed standardised data extraction, synthesis and risk of bias (RoB) assessment.ResultsA total of 2240 references were identified. Forty-seven of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Remote monitoring (n=35) was most frequently studied, with telephone/video calls being the most common mode of delivery (n=30). Of the 34 studies investigating outcomes of remote care, the majority addressed efficacy and user perception; 34% and 21% of them, respectively, reported a superiority of remote care as compared with F2F care. Time and cost savings were reported as major benefits, technical aspects as major drawback in the 13 studies that investigated drivers and barriers of remote care. No study addressed remote care implementation. The main limitation of the studies identified was the heterogeneity of outcomes and methods, as well as a substantial RoB (50% of studies with high RoB).ConclusionsRemote care leads to similar or better results compared with F2F treatment concerning efficacy, safety, adherence and user perception outcomes, with the limitation of heterogeneity and considerable RoB of the available studies.
Choline Alleviates Disorders of Lipid Metabolism in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) Caused by High-Lipid Diet
Authors: Li Tao , Yan Xiaobo , Dong Xiaohui , Pan Simiao , Tan Beiping , Zhang Shuang , Suo Xiangxiang , Li Zhihao , Huang Weibin , Yang Yuanzhi , Zhang Haitao 
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary choline levels on growth performance, liver histology, lipid metabolism and related gene expression of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) fed high-lipid diets. The fish (initial body weight

6.86
±
0.01

g

) were fed diets containing different choline levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg, named D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively) for 8 weeks. The results shows that (a) dietary choline levels had no significant effect on the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) compared with the control group (

P
>
0.05

); (b) with the increase in choline levels, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), lipoprotein lipase (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of serum, all showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, and the maximum values were obtained in the D4 group (

P
<
0.05

); (c) TG and TC in the liver showed a tendency to decrease first and then increase with the dietary choline levels and reached the minimum value in D3 and D4 groups, respectively (

P
<
0.05

); (d) with increased choline levels, hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) in the liver all showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, and the maximum values were obtained in the D4 group, except ATGL that the maximum value was obtained in the D3 group (

P
<
0.05

); (e) oil red staining showed that dietary choline significantly reduced hepatic lipid deposition; (f) choline supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of lipolytic genes lipoprotein lipase (lpl), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα) and inhibited the expression of lipid synthesis genes fatty acid synthetase (fas), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (accα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ). In summary, choline can promote lipid metabolism of hybrid grouper by regulating lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity and gene expression and mitigating the negative effects of high-lipid diets.
Data-Rich Spatial Profiling of Cancer Tissue: Astronomy Informs Pathology
Authors: Szalay Alexander S. , Taube Janis M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Astronomy was among the first disciplines to embrace Big Data and use it to characterize spatial relationships between stars and galaxies. Today, medicine, in particular pathology, has similar needs with regard to characterizing the spatial relationships between cells, with an emphasis on understanding the organization of the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we chronicle the emergence of data-intensive science through the development of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and describe how analysis patterns and approaches similarly apply to multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) pathology image exploration. The lessons learned from astronomy are detailed, and the new AstroPath platform that capitalizes on these learnings is described. AstroPath is being used to generate and display tumor-immune maps that can be used for mIF immuno-oncology biomarker development. The development of AstroPath as an open resource for visualizing and analyzing large-scale spatially resolved mIF datasets is underway, akin to how publicly available maps of the sky have been used by astronomers and citizen scientists alike. Associated technical, academic, and funding considerations, as well as extended future development for inclusion of spatial transcriptomics and application of artificial intelligence, are also addressed.
Increased Microtubule Growth Triggered by Microvesicle-mediated Paracrine Signaling is Required for Melanoma Cancer Cell Invasion
Authors: Pudelko Karoline , Wieland Angela , Hennecke Magdalena , Räschle Markus , Bastians Holger 
Published: May 2022

The acquisition of cell invasiveness is the key transition from benign melanocyte hyperplasia to aggressive melanoma. Recent work has provided an intriguing new link between the presence of supernumerary centrosomes and increased cell invasion. Moreover, supernumerary centrosomes were shown to drive non–cell-autonomous invasion of cancer cells. Although centrosomes are the principal microtubule organizing centers, the role of dynamic microtubules for non–cell-autonomous invasion remains unexplored, in particular, in melanoma. We investigated the role of supernumerary centrosomes and dynamic microtubules in melanoma cell invasion and found that highly invasive melanoma cells are characterized by the presence of supernumerary centrosomes and by increased microtubule growth rates, both of which are functionally interlinked. We demonstrate that enhanced microtubule growth is required for increased three-dimensional melanoma cell invasion. Moreover, we show that the activity to enhance microtubule growth can be transferred onto adjacent noninvasive cells through microvesicles involving HER2. Hence, our study suggests that suppressing microtubule growth, either directly using anti-microtubule drugs or through HER2 inhibitors might be therapeutically beneficial to inhibit cell invasiveness and thus, metastasis of malignant melanoma.Significance:This study shows that increased microtubule growth is required for melanoma cell invasion and can be transferred onto adjacent cells in a non–cell-autonomous manner through microvesicles involving HER2.
Fatores associados ao perfil psicossocial de mulheres durante o pré – natal
Authors: Gomes Franco Celso da Silva , Aragão Francisca Bruna Arruda , Serra Liana Linhares Lima , Chein Maria Bethânia Costa , Cunha José Herinque da Silva , Pires Franciele Kavafara , Lopes Fernanda Ferreira 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao perfil psicossocial de mulheres durante o pré-natal no Hospital Universitário – Unidade Materno Infantil da Universidade Federal do Maranhão – HUUFMA. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 160 gestantes sem limite de faixa etária, atendidas no Ambulatório de Obstetrícia do HUUFMA no período de março a outubro de 2017. A avaliação do perfil psicossocial foi mensurada por meio do Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP-VP). Resultados: a maioria das gestantes, cerca de 41,25% (66), possui somente o Ensino Médio completo, faixa etária de 15 a 35 anos , cerca de 65,66% (105), no último trimestre gestacional 46,25% (74), a maior parte primigesta, 60% (96), com menos de seis consultas pré-natais realizadas, 67,52% (108). Quanto ao trimestre gestacional, não houve significância estatística com os constructos do PPP-VP, relativo à paridade, as multíparas foram as que mais evidenciaram estresse e o teste de Tukey demonstrou que as multíparas tiveram mais estresse quando comparada com as nulíparas. Conclusão: é pertinente inferir que, em relação ao trimestre gestacional, não houve influência relativa aos constructos do perfil psicossocial, porém ao se relacionar paridade, a situação contrária foi observada, principalmente em multíparas, onde o maior número de partos refletia diretamente no nível desajustado do estresse, sendo assim é necessária uma maior atenção a essas questões para uma assistência pré-natal adequada.
Comparison of National Vulnerability Indices Used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the COVID-19 Response
Authors: Wolkin Amy , Collier Sarah , House John S. , Reif David , Motsinger-Reif Alison , Duca Lindsey , Sharpe J. Danielle 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Vulnerability indices use quantitative indicators and geospatial data to examine the level of vulnerability to morbidity in a community. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses 3 indices for the COVID-19 response: the CDC Social Vulnerability Index (CDC-SVI), the US COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), and the Pandemic Vulnerability Index (PVI). The objective of this review was to describe these tools and explain the similarities and differences between them. Methods: We described the 3 indices, outlined the underlying data sources and metrics for each, and discussed their use by CDC for the COVID-19 response. We compared the percentile score for each county for each index by calculating Spearman correlation coefficients (Spearman ρ). Results: These indices have some, but not all, component metrics in common. The CDC-SVI is a validated metric that estimates social vulnerability, which comprises the underlying population-level characteristics that influence differences in health risk among communities. To address risk specific to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CCVI and PVI build on the CDC-SVI and include additional variables. The 3 indices were highly correlated. Spearman ρ for comparisons between the CDC-SVI score and the CCVI and between the CCVI and the PVI score was 0.83. Spearman ρ for the comparison between the CDC-SVI score and PVI score was 0.73. Conclusion: The indices can empower local and state public health officials with additional information to focus resources and interventions on disproportionately affected populations to combat the ongoing pandemic and plan for future pandemics.
Evaluation of a shortened version of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) for upper extremity function after stroke: The Mini-ARAT
Authors: Daghsen Lina , Fleury Lisa , Bouvier Justine , Zavanone Chiara , Dupont Sophie , Hummel Friedhelm Christoph , Rosso Charlotte 
Published: May 2022

Objectives (i) to create a shortened version of the Action Research Arm Test scale, (ii) to investigate its psychometric properties compared to the original scale and (iii) to externally validate it within an independent cohort. Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Settings Two University Hospitals (France, Switzerland). Participants 47 patients with poststroke motor deficits of the upper limb coming from two different sites were included and divided into two cohorts (n = 22 for the construction cohort; n = 25 for the validation cohort). Main Measures We used the first cohort to build the Mini-ARAT by shortening the Action Research Arm Test scale on the basis of ceiling/floor effects and collinearity of the subscales. We studied its reliability, validity, and responsiveness and performed an external validation with the second cohort. Results The Mini-ARAT consisted of 2 subscales from the original Action Research Arm Test scale (Grip and Pinch). Internal consistency (α = 87) and inter-rater reliability (0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99, p < 0.01) were good and similar to those of the Action Research Arm Test scale. The Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Mini-ARAT was 9 points. The predictive validity in the construction and validation cohorts showed good correlation between the Mini-ARAT at baseline and the Fugl Meyer at 3 months (rho, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.49–0.90, p < 0.01, and 0.58, 0.19–0.96, p < 0.01). Conclusion The Mini-ARAT is a time-effective tool able to capture the dynamics of motor deficits with high reliability and consistency, providing excellent information about residual motor functions, which is critically important for clinical and research purposes.