bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of small and extended regions in EIT with a Robin transmission condition
Authors: Granados Govanni , Harris Isaac 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider an inverse shape problem coming from electrical impedance tomography with a Robin transmission condition. In general, a boundary condition of Robin type models corrosion. In this paper, we study two methods for recovering an interior corroded region from electrostatic data. We consider the case where we have small volume and extended regions. For the case where the region has small volume, we will derive an asymptotic expansion of the current gap operator and prove that a MUSIC-type algorithm can be used to recover the region. In the case where one has an extended region, we will show that the regularized factorization method can be used to recover said region. Numerical examples will be presented for both cases in two dimensions in the unit circle.
Detuning modulated composite segments for robust optical frequency conversion
Authors: Reches Yuval , Elias Elazar , Suchowski Haim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe creation of efficient broadband frequency conversion devices while maintaining robustness to manufacturing and setup errors is crucial for accurate multiphoton spectroscopy, broadband imaging and the design of robust optical sources. Traditionally, nonlinear optical conversion processes are either efficient but narrowband or broadband but with low photon conversion yield. Several methods have been introduced in recent years to obtain both with great success, among them we can find adiabatic frequency conversion and Shaka–Pines composite segmented design. Here, we expand the composite design and introduce the detuning modulated composite segmented (DMCS) scheme in nonlinear optics, which offers a broadband, efficient and robust method for frequency conversion. We also present the constant-length DMCS scheme, which offers multiple efficient and robust wavelength regimes for broadband upconversion. We apply these schemes to a system of quasi-phase-matching crystal for the sum frequency generation process, and demonstrate the high robustness and bandwidth of the composite schemes. We show that these schemes are robust to temperature and crystal length variations and can have a superior conversion bandwidth under length and power constraints compared to other conversion schemes, such as periodically poled and adiabatic chirped crystals. We believe that the new family of DMCS schemes will have many uses in applications of frequency conversion, due to their robustness, low energy demand and compact size.
Advances in theoretical calculations of MXenes as hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (water splitting) electrocatalysts
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Tian Yumiao , Jin Di , Liu Xiaochun , Xie Yu , Du Fei , Meng Xing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbon nitrides (MXenes) have great potential to be excellent H and O evolution reaction (HER and OER) electrocatalysts due to their special properties, such as large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and abundant active sites. Researchers have carried out many types of investigations on MXenes as HER and OER electrocatalysts. So far, great progress has been made in screening MXenes as HER and OER electrocatalysts, in which the theoretical calculation method plays an important role. In the present study, we briefly summarize the progress regarding theoretical calculations of MXenes as HER and OER electrocatalysts. First, we introduce the standard computational methods and basic mechanisms of HER and OER. We then present some recent studies of theoretical calculations and experiments combined with theoretical calculations. Finally, some specific perspectives are provided for the future development of MXenes as excellent HER and OER electrocatalysts. We believe theoretical computational studies of MXenes as HER and OER electrocatalysts may flourish by considering the natural reaction environment and electrochemical kinetic processes, the proposal of more activity descriptors, close integration of theory and experiments, and the development of advanced calculation methods.
Unified description of α decay and cluster radioactivity using the neural network approach and universal decay law
Authors: Zhao TianLiang , Zhang HongFei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The α decay and cluster radioactivity half-life of nuclei are calculated uniformly. The universal decay law (UDL) (Qi et al 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett.
103 072501) is refitted to include minimum angular momentum effect and unpaired nucleon effect. The UDL formula and neural network approach to describe α decay and cluster radioactivity half-life calculations were improved. We used the UDL formulas and neural network approach to predict the cluster radioactivity half-life of actinide nuclei and α decay half-life of superheavy nuclei Z = 117–120. We hope to contribute to the discovery of new atomic nucleus cluster radioactivity phenomena and theoretical studies of α decay of superheavy nuclei.
Nuclear transverse momentum broadening in the color dipole approach at the LHC regime
Authors: Ben F G , Giannini A V , Machado M V T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Transverse momentum broadening of a parton propagating through a large nucleus is evaluated in the color dipole approach using different models for the dipole cross section or unintegrated gluon distribution, which lead to different values of the coefficient

C

F

(

0
,
s

)

. Numerical calculations are compared to data extracted from LHCb, ALICE and PHENIX experiments for the nuclear broadening of J/ψ mesons. We find that different models which describe the small-x data predict values of nuclear broadening of transverse momentum that agree reasonably well with experiment. The centrality dependence was also analysed and the models are consistent with the ALICE measurements. Available experimental results, however, are not able to clearly distinguish the performance of the considered models.
Far-field thermal radiation properties of graphene under uniaxial strain
Authors: Xie Wen-Wu , Qian Wen-Ri , Zhang Yong-Mei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electronic band structure and optical conductivity of single-layer graphene could be altered by applied uniaxial strain. Valley and space inversion symmetries are broken. Dirac cones are deformed. We investigate the effect of uniaxial strain on the radiative properties of graphene from the perspective of direction and modulus. Optical conductivity exhibits wealthy phenomenon due to the degeneracy of the energy band broken by strain. The total energy radiation exhibits a novel behavior of periodicity in

θ

, in accordance with the symmetry of the hexagonal honeycomb lattice.
Dermoscopy lesion classification based on GANs and a fuzzy rank-based ensemble of CNN models
Authors: Li Haiyan , Li Wenqing , Chang Jun , Zhou Liping , Luo Jin , Guo Yifan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Objective. Skin lesion classification by using deep learning technologies is still a considerable challenge due to high similarity among classes and large intraclass differences, serious class imbalance in data, and poor classification accuracy with low robustness. Approach. To address these issues, a two-stage framework for dermoscopy lesion classification using adversarial training and a fuzzy rank-based ensemble of multilayer feature fusion convolutional neural network (CNN) models is proposed. In the first stage, dermoscopy dataset augmentation based on generative adversarial networks is proposed to obtain realistic dermoscopy lesion images, enabling significant improvement for balancing the number of lesions in each class. In the second stage, a fuzzy rank-based ensemble of multilayer feature fusion CNN models is proposed to classify skin lesions. In addition, an efficient channel integrating spatial attention module, in which a novel dilated pyramid pooling structure is designed to extract multiscale features from an enlarged receptive field and filter meaningful information of the initial features. Combining the cross-entropy loss function with the focal loss function, a novel united loss function is designed to reduce the intraclass sample distance and to focus on difficult and error-prone samples to improve the recognition accuracy of the proposed model. Main results. In this paper, the common dataset (HAM10000) is selected to conduct simulation experiments to evaluate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The subjective and objective experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior over the state-of-the-art methods for skin lesion classification due to its higher accuracy, specificity and robustness. Significance. The proposed method effectively improves the classification performance of the model for skin diseases, which will help doctors make accurate and efficient diagnoses, reduce the incidence rate and improve the survival rates of patients.
An encoded reconfigurable RFID strain sensor and its information fusion method
Authors: Chen Lan , Kang Lei , Liu Luyi , Hu Jingwen , Wan Guochun , Xie Liyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chip-based radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor systems have been investigated for structural health monitoring applications. However, the use of chips in sensor tags has drawbacks in terms of cost, durability, and detection capability. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable RFID-based chipless tag sensor for strain detection, which detects structural strain by observing the offset of the resonant frequency of the antenna and incorporates an encoding unit for tag identification. To realize the reconfigurability of the antenna, a PIN diode is added to control the antenna, and the frequency reconfigurability of the antenna is realized by controlling the turn on/off of the PIN diodes. The Kalman filter algorithm is used to realize the information fusion of multiple sensors to improve the sensor detection accuracy, and the background noise data enhancement is used to expand the original data samples to fuse the information of the three sensors’ data, and the relative error after fusion is reduced by about 36% compared with the relative error before fusion compared with separate measurements. The antenna was fabricated by an etching process and measured using vector network analyzer to verify the accuracy of the antenna simulation results.
A chaos-based image compression and encryption scheme using fractal coding and adaptive-thresholding sparsification
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Zhang Miao , Tong Xiaojun , Wang Zhu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the wide application of digital images in the network, the problems of information security and transmission efficiency need to be solved urgently. Fractal encoding as an efficient compression method, its security is not guaranteed. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new image compression and encryption scheme based on chaotic map and frequency division joint compression coding, which uses the combination of fractal encoding and adaptive-thresholding sparsification to compress images. Arnold scrambling and chaos-based plane scrambling diffusion are embedded in two compression processes respectively. In addition, an efficient encryption algorithm is designed based on the coupling-enhanced chaotic map, which encrypt the compressed data as a whole through simultaneous scrambling of parent blocks and sub-blocks and zigzag round-trip diffusion. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed image compression and encryption scheme is suitable for gray and color images, and can achieve higher compression ratio and improve the efficiency of fractal compression. The designed encryption algorithm is reliable, and more efficient than several advanced image encryption schemes.
Effect of clustering on primordial black hole microlensing constraints
Authors: Gorton Matthew , Green Anne M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stellar microlensing observations tightly constrain compact object dark matter in the mass range (10-11–103)M
⊙. Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) form clusters, and it has been argued that these microlensing constraints are consequently weakened or evaded. For the most commonly studied PBH formation mechanism, the collapse of large gaussian curvature perturbations generated by inflation, the clusters are sufficiently extended that the PBHs within them act as individual lenses. We find that if the typical mass of the clusters is sufficiently large, ≳ 106
M
⊙, then the event duration distribution can deviate significantly from that produced by a smooth dark matter distribution, in particular at the shortest durations. As a consequence of this, the probability distribution of the number of observed events is non-Poissonian, peaking at a lower value, with an extended tail to large numbers of events. However, for PBHs formed from the collapse of large inflationary perturbations, the typical cluster is expected to contain ∼ 103 PBHs. In this case the effect of clustering is negligibly small, apart from for the most massive PBHs probed by decade-long stellar microlensing surveys (M
PBH ∼ 103
M
⊙).
Design of new infrared nano sensor based on surface plasmon resonance photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Moayed Seyed Hossein , Sadeghi Mojtaba , Adelpour Zahra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, five different surface plasmon resonance photonic crystal fiber (SPR-PCF) structures are proposed and evaluated by numerical modeling. The structures are based on photonic crystal fibers with defects rods of air, Au, and TiN in the background of silica. In the fourth and fifth designs, two grooves coated with gold layers are considered to improve the functionality of the structures and help the analyte to become closer to the fiber core. The effects of geometrical parameters like radius, thickness, and width on the loss spectrum are also investigated, and the results are presented. Finally, a double D-shaped SPR-PCF sensor with ITO belts and U-shaped grooves covered with gold is proposed. The proposed sensor can detect a low RI change from 1.4 to 1.6 with a maximal sensitivity factor around 6000 (nm/RIU). The proposed SPR-PCF sensor can be an appropriate candidate in nano-optical integrated circuits (for different applications) due to its compact size and high sensitivity factor.
Multi-soliton solutions for the three types of nonlocal Hirota equations via Riemann–Hilbert approach
Authors: Zhuang Yindong , Zhang Yi , Zhang Heyan , Xia Pei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to formulate multi-soliton solutions for the nonlocal Hirota equations via the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach. The RH problems are constructed and the zero structures are studied via performing spectral analysis of the Lax pair. Then we consider three types of nonlocal Hirota equations by discussing different symmetry reductions of the potential matrix. On the basis of the resulting matrix RH problem under the restriction of the reflectionless case, we successfully obtain the multi-soliton solutions of the nonlocal Hirota equations.
A Study on Non-coplanar Baseline Effects for Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph
Authors: Yang Qiu-Ping , Wang Feng , Deng Hui , Mei Ying , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a dedicated solar radioheliograph, the MingantU SpEctral RadioHeliograph (MUSER) has a maximum baseline of more than 3000 m and a frequency range of 400 MHz–15 GHz. According to the classical radio interferometry theory, the non-coplanar baseline effect (i.e., w-term effect) would be considered and calibrated for such a radio instrument. However, little previous literature made the qualitative or quantitative analyses on w-term effects of solar radioheliograph in-depth. This study proposes a complete quantitative analysis of w-term effects for the MUSER. After a brief introduction of the MUSER, we systematically investigate the baseline variations over a year and analyze the corresponding variations of w-term. We further studied the effects of the w-term in the imaging for the specified extended source, i.e., the Sun. We discussed the possible effects of the w-term, such as image distortion and so on. The simulated results show that the w-term is an essential and unavoidable issue for solar radio imaging with high spatial resolution.
Precise Evolutionary Asteroseismology of High-Amplitude δ Scuti Star AE Ursae Majoris
Authors: Xue Hui-Fang , Niu Jia-Shu , Fu Jian-Ning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stellar structure and evolution theory is one of the bases in modern astronomy. Stellar inner structures and their evolutionary states can be precisely tested by asteroseismology, since the inner information is brought to the stellar surface by the global oscillating waves and becomes observable. For stellar evolutionary speed (i.e., how long timescale does a star stay at a special evolution phase?), because of the insurmountable gap between the timescales of the evolutionary history of human civilization and a star, it can only be roughly tested by ensemble of stars in different evolutionary stages in most cases, and all the snapshots of these stars make up our global view of stellar evolution. The effect of stellar evolution on the structure and the corresponding global size of a pulsating star will lead to tiny period variations of its pulsation modes, which are the most valuable indicators of its evolutionary state and can be used to test the stellar evolution theory by a single star rather than ensemble of stars. Here, we report a High-Amplitude δ Scuti star AE Ursae Majoris, which is located in the post main-sequence (MS) evolutionary stage and its observed linear period variation rate can be practically ascribed to its evolutionary effect. The result tests the stellar evolution theory from the pre-MS to post-MS with an unprecedented precision by a single star, and the framework can be extended to other type of pulsating stars to perform precise evolutionary asteroseismology, which aims to test the current stellar evolution theory in different evolutionary stages, discover the discrepancies between the theory and observations, and ultimately build a complete and precise stellar evolution theory to backtrack the history of each of these stars.
Three-dimensional modeling of sputtered materials transport in diagnostic ducts of fusion devices
Authors: Babinov N.A. , Razdobarin A.G. , Bukreev I.M. , Kirilenko D.A. , Lyullin Z.G. , Mukhin E.E. , Sitnikova A.A. , Varshavchik L.A. , Zatylkin P.A. , Putrik A. , Klimov N.S. , Kovalenko D.V. , Zhitlukhin A.M. , Morgan T. , Brons S. , De Temmerman G. , Serenkov I.T. , Sakharov V.I. , Bulovich S.V. , Gorodetsky A.E. , Zalavutdinov R.Kh. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Migration of plasma erosion products in plasma facilities is studied experimentally and numerically within the framework of modeling transport of plasma-facing materials in the diagnostic ducts of fusion devices. Material transport simulation is discussed for two cases of low and high background neutral gas pressures. Monte Carlo software KITe was used to simulate transport at a neutral gas background pressure 0.1–0.5 Pa—typical during steady-state tokamak operation and during pressure pulses caused by edge localized modes (ELMs). The simulation approach was implemented to describe experiments at the MAGNUM-PSI facility. Fluid dynamic code FLUENT is used to simulate transport during pressure surges as high as 1000 Pa, which can occur in the case of severe disruptions in tokamak plasma discharges, such as vertical displacement events (VDE) or accidental events. The hydrodynamic approach was verified in simulation of target sputtering in the QSPA plasma gun facility.
Visible radiophotoluminescence of colour centres in lithium fluoride: from lasers to versatile radiation sensors
Authors: Montereali R.M. , Bonfigli F. , Nichelatti E. , Nigro V. , Piccinini M. , Vincenti M.A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The peculiar photoluminescence characteristics of radiation-induced colour centres in lithium fluoride (LiF), well known for applications in optically-pumped tuneable lasers and broad-band miniaturised light-emitting photonic devices operating at room-temperature, are under exploitation in passive imaging detectors and dosimeters based on visible radiophotoluminescence in LiF crystals and polycrystalline thin films. Their high intrinsic spatial resolution, wide dynamic range and large field of view, combined with easy handling, ambient-light operation and no development need, allow to successfully extend their use from X-ray imaging to proton-beam advanced diagnostics and dosimetry, even at those low dose values that are typical of hadrontherapy. After exposure, the latent images stored in LiF as local formations of F2 and F3
+ aggregate defects are read with an optical fluorescence microscope under illumination in the blue spectral range. Their visible emission intensity was found to be linearly proportional to the dose over at least three orders of magnitude, so that bi-dimensional LiF solid-state dosimeters based on spectrally-integrated radiophotoluminescence reading can be envisaged. Taking advantage of the low thickness of LiF thin films, transversal proton beam dose mapping was demonstrated at low proton energies, even at high doses. Recent results and advances concerning LiF crystals and polycrystalline thin film characterisation in the linearity range are presented and discussed with the aim of highlighting challenges related to increasing the LiF film detector radiation sensitivity to both particles (protons) and photons (X-rays), although therapeutic dose values typical of clinical radiotherapy are still a big challenge.
Estimation of yield and decay kinetics of intraband luminescence in multiple-parabolic-branch-band model with account of phonons
Authors: Tishchenko E V , Vasil’ev A N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The emission spectrum of electron intraband luminescence was calculated for a dielectric crystal with conduction band consists of multiple parabolic branches. This shape of this spectrum adequately correspond to the CsI experimental spectra in the photon energy region ≥ 1.2 eV. The calculated total quantum yield of intraband luminescence of CsI is about 78 photons collected by the silicon photomultiplier per 1 MeV of deposited energy of ionizing radiation. This value is about two times higher than the experimental one, the difference is due to the simplification of the model. It was shown that characteristic times of intraband luminescence are about 1 ps.
Study of thermally and optically stimulated luminescence in LiF:Mg,Ti following neutron and beta irradiation
Authors: Eliyahu I , Horowitz Y S , Reshes G , Shapiro A , Biderman S , Assor Y , Ginsburg D , Herman B , Oster L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The results reported herein were motivated by the potential application of combined optically stimulated (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) measurements for separation between the beta and neutron dose components in mixed neutron-beta radiation fields. The advantages of OSL/TL are two-fold: (i) The OSL and TL readout can be carried out on the same sample and (ii) the greater efficiency of OSL to high ionization density (HID) radiation due to the excitation of F2 and F3
+ centers. The beta calibration coefficients for LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-700) were measured using a 90Sr/90Y source calibrated at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center nuclear facility. The estimation of the neutron calibration coefficients was carried out by irradiation with broad beam fast neutrons of median energy 5 MeV and a quasi-monoenergetic neutron field of mean energy 14.8 MeV at the Physikalisch Technische Bundenanstalt. The preferential excitation of OSL following HID irradiation has been demonstrated.