bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the degree of displacement of the third fragment on healing of femoral shaft fracture treated by intramedullary nailing
Authors: Yang Shuo , Yang Yelin , Huo Yongfeng , Yu Jian , Sheng Luxin , Sun Xiao , Liu Xinhui , Yin Jian , Yin Zhaoyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effect of the degree of displacement of a femoral shaft fracture with the third fragment on fracture healing after intramedullary nailing.

Methods
In total, 216 patients with closed comminuted femoral fracture admitted to Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from February 2010 to February 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, 142 were males and 74 were females, the mean age was 38 years (range 17–64 years), and 95 cases were on the right, while 121 cases were on the left. All patients were treated with a femoral interlocking intramedullary nail. Referring to the femoral shaft diameter, the degree of displacement of the third fragment was classified into four grades: grade I (displacement was less than a third of the diameter of the shaft): 121 cases; grade II (greater than a third of the diameter and less than two thirds): 52 cases; grade III (greater than two thirds of the diameter): 28 cases; and grade IV (fracture fragment turnover): 15 cases. According to the modified Radiological Union Scale for Femur (mRUSF), the fracture union rate and the mean union time of the fracture, the effect of the degree of displacement of the third fragment on fracture healing was evaluated.

Results
In total, 216 patients with a mean follow-up of 15.9 months (range 6–31 months) met the inclusion criteria. The best fracture healing was the grade I displacement, with a union rate of 89.2% and a mean union time of 7.7 months. The poorest fracture healing was for the grade IV displacement, with a union rate of 13.3% and a mean union time of 16.5 months. The healing was moderate in the grade II and III displacements, with a union rate of 46.2% and 28.6%, respectively, and a mean union time of 8.6 months and 13.5 months, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The third fragment with grade I displacement requires no intervention, whereas fractures with grade IV displacement should be reduced to as near as possible to the diaphyseal bone defect to avoid nonunion. The third fragments with the grade II or III displacement should be treated with closed reduction whenever possible to achieve a displacement within the range of grade I to minimize the incidence of nonunion.
Psychometric properties of Persian version of depression literacy (D-Lit) questionnaire among general population
Authors: Tehrani Hadi , Nejatian Mahbobeh , Moshki Mahdi , Jafari Alireza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of depression in society is increasing and there is a need for a suitable tool to assess the health literacy of people in this field. This study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric of the Iranian version of the depression literacy (D-Lit) questionnaire.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 845 participants with a proportional stratified sampling method. First, the translation and cultural adaptation of questionnaire was performed. Then, the validity of D-Lit was assessed by face validity, content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of D-Lit was assessed by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald omega coefficient.

Results
Based on the results of EFA, 5 factors emerged with eigenvalues of greater than 1, which accounted for 56.30% of the variance. Based on the results of CFA, one question was deleted and the results of goodness fit indexes confirmed the model. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald omega coefficient for D-Lit questionnaire were 0.890 and 0.891, respectively. Finally, D-Lit questionnaire with 21 questions and 5 subscales of Knowledge of the psychological symptoms (5 items), Knowledge about the effectiveness of available treatment methods (4 items), Knowledge about cognitive-behavioral symptoms (6 items), Knowledge about taking medications and their side effects (4 items), and Knowledge of the severity of the disease (2 items) were confirmed.

Conclusion
The results of this psychometric evaluation confirmed the Persian version of D-Lit questionnaire with 21 questions and 5 subscales is an appropriate tool for measuring people's literacy about depression.
Child, adolescent, and caregiver mental health difficulties and associated risk factors early in the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
Authors: Bloom Jenny , Lachman Anusha , Gaxo Ezethu , Pillay Jace , Seedat Soraya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 in South Africa, many safety measures were implemented to protect the lives of the population. Ironically, these same safety measures have negatively impacted on the lives of children and their caregivers resulting in increased mental health problems. This study forms part of the multicountry Co-SPACE (COVID-19: Supporting Parents, Adolescents and Children during Epidemics) study that explores how families are coping during the COVID-19 pandemic, and what caregivers can do to help support their children’s mental health. This paper aims to gain a better understanding of the mental health status of families specifically in South Africa in the early onset of the pandemic during restrictive lockdown measures, and identify certain risk factors that might contribute towards deteriorating mental health. Two hundred and fifty-four South African parents and carers of children and adolescents completed an online survey about their child’s mental health as well as their own mental health during and post- hard lockdown in South Africa. Data collection took place over the period of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Results showed that children experienced significantly higher mental health problems than adolescents (p = 0.016). Younger children were particularly negatively affected by lockdown and had more mental health problems than adolescents (p = 0.023); including emotional problems (p = 0.017), misconduct (p = 0.030), and hyperactivity (p = 0.001). Additionally, the presence of special educational needs/neurodevelopmental disorders (SEN/ND) was associated with more mental health problems (p = 0.001). Surprisingly, single parent households, which is another well-known risk factor showed no differences in mental health problems compared to nuclear families. There was also a reciprocal relationship between parental/carer mental health and child/adolescent mental health, with higher level of endorsement of mental health problems in children by parents/caregivers who themselves associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress (all p’s < 0.001). These results highlight the dramatic impact that COVID-19 had on children, adolescents and parents in South Africa early in the pandemic, and emphasises the need for specific support structures to be implemented within the SEN/ND community, as well as for younger children and single parent households.
Non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals promote conjugative plasmid transfer at a community-wide level
Authors: Wang Yue , Yu Zhigang , Ding Pengbo , Lu Ji , Klümper Uli , Murray Aimee K. , Gaze William H. , Guo Jianhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a critical role in the spread of antibiotic resistance and the evolutionary shaping of bacterial communities. Conjugation is the most well characterized pathway for the spread of antibiotic resistance, compared to transformation and transduction. While antibiotics have been found to induce HGT, it remains unknown whether non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals can facilitate conjugation at a microbial community-wide level.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrate that several commonly consumed non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (including carbamazepine, ibuprofen, naproxen and propranolol), at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 mg/L), can promote the conjugative transfer of IncP1-α plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance across entire microbial communities. The over-generation of reactive oxygen species in response to these non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals may contribute to the enhanced conjugation ratios. Cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses indicated that non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals modulate transconjugant microbial communities at both phylum and genus levels. Moreover, microbial uptake ability of the IncP1-α plasmid was also upregulated under non-antibiotic pharmaceutical exposure. Several opportunistic pathogens, such asAcinetobacterandLegionella, were more likely to acquire the plasmid conferring multidrug resistance.ConclusionsConsidering the high possibility of co-occurrence of pathogenic bacteria, conjugative IncP1-α plasmids and non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in various environments (e.g., activated sludge systems), our findings illustrate the potential risk associated with increased dissemination of antibiotic resistance promoted by non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in complex environmental settings.
Expression of salivary immunoglobulins and their association with analgesic neuropeptide opiorphin in anorexia nervosa during adolescence
Authors: Paszynska Elzbieta , Hernik Amadeusz , Slopien Agnieszka , Boucher Yves , Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor Marta , Roszak Magdalena , Bilska Karolina , Dmitrzak-Weglarz Monika 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients who suffer from anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by exceedingly lower body weight, micro- and macro-nutrient deficiencies, and hyposalivation as compared to healthy subjects. In addition, AN may predispose to difficulties in oral health maintenance. However, little is known about the relationship between stress-dependent salivary neuro/immunopeptidergic biomarkers such as opiorphin and immunoglobulins (Ig) and AN.The aim of this case–control study was to evaluate salivary opiorphin and immunoglobulins in female children and adolescents diagnosed with AN compared to healthy controls.

Methods
Adolescent patients with clinically-confirmed severe restrictive subtype AN (Body Mass Index BMI < 15 kg/m2, mean age 15.0 ± 1.8, n = 83) were examined in the first week of hospital admission and compared to healthy matched controls (n = 79). Measurements of salivary opiorphin, IgA, IgG, IgM (ELISA technique), and oral hygiene levels (Plaque Control Record index—PCR) were performed.

Results
In the AN group, a significantly higher concentration of opiorphin was evidenced (3.1 ± 4.1 ng/ml) compared to the control group (1.1 ± 1.2 ng/ml), (p < 0.001), contrary to IgM, which was significantly lower (311.0 ± 185.3 ng/ml) than in the control group (421.2 ± 168.1 ng/ml), (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of IgA and IgG, despite a higher concentration of IgA in the AN group vs. controls (p = 0.14). Spearman analysis revealed a correlation between opiorphin and age (p < 0.05), but also with all immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Similarly a correlation was found between PCR index and immunoglobulins IgG, IgM (respectively p = 0.028, p < 0.001), and between body mass, BMI, IBW% and IgA, IgM (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
In the acute phase of AN, salivary changes in opiorphin and immunoglobulins related to dental plaque suggest an essential role in oral health balance. Changes related to AN may affect the anti-inflammatory and analgesic components of saliva and suggest their use as neurobiological markers in severe malnutrition.
Membrane-wrapped nanoparticles for photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Aboeleneen Sara B. , Scully Mackenzie A. , Harris Jenna C. , Sterin Eric H. , Day Emily S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCancer is a global health problem that needs effective treatment strategies. Conventional treatments for solid-tumor cancers are unsatisfactory because they cause unintended harm to healthy tissues and are susceptible to cancer cell resistance. Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy is a minimally invasive treatment for solid-tumor cancers that has immense promise as a standalone therapy or adjuvant to other treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy. To maximize the success of photothermal therapy, light-responsive nanoparticles can be camouflaged with cell membranes to endow them with unique biointerfacing capabilities that reduce opsonization, prolong systemic circulation, and improve tumor delivery through enhanced passive accumulation or homotypic targeting. This ensures a sufficient dose of photoresponsive nanoparticles arrives at tumor sites to enable their complete thermal ablation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles for photothermal cancer therapy and provides insights to the path forward for clinical translation.
Experiments on seepage-triggered cliff landslides using cohesive wet sand
Authors: Shibuya Fumi , Sumita Ikuro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnsaturated wet sand possesses capillary cohesion that is lost when it becomes saturated. Thus, it can form a cliff, but a slide may be triggered upon saturation. Here we conduct cliff landslide experiments using cohesive wet sand where the groundwater seeps in from the hydraulic head $$h_\mathrm{w}$$

h
w

located at the rear of a cliff (height H) and vary these parameters. Importantly, we measure both the total stress $$\sigma$$
σ
and pore water pressure u to obtain the effective stress $$\sigma ' = \sigma - u$$

σ
′

=
σ
-
u

. The experiments show that for a fixed H ($$\simeq 20$$

≃
20

cm), a slide is triggered when the $$h_\mathrm{w}$$

h
w

exceeds a critical level. The slide occurs nearly simultaneous or after the groundwater seeps out from the cliff toe and the vertical velocity increases approximately exponentially during the slide. As $$h_\mathrm{w}$$

h
w

rises, 2 slides are triggered that progress downslope, and for the highest $$h_\mathrm{w}$$

h
w

, the whole cliff is pushed forward after the first slide. On the other hand, when the H is high, the slide becomes deep seated. The time needed for the water to seep out from the cliff toe decreases with the $$h_\mathrm{w}$$

h
w

and increases with the H, as modeled by a permeable flow with a permeability that decreases with the $$\sigma '$$

σ
′

. The $$\sigma _\mathrm{z}$$

σ
z

(vertical) is initially uneven and deviates from the lithostatic value by arching. For tall cliffs, the $$\sigma _\mathrm{z}$$

σ
z

near the cliff toe falls precipitously soon after the seepage starts prior to the rise in u, indicating that a stress redistribution occurred as the wet sand loses cohesion and slip plane develops. This also indicates the efficacy of $$\sigma$$
σ
measurement because the changes are detected before the groundwater arrives. A stability analysis that models the drop in cohesion and a rise in u explains the cliff becoming unstable with $$h_\mathrm{w}$$

h
w

and the slide becoming deep seated with H. However, it overestimates the factor of safety $$F_\mathrm{s}$$

F
s

because it does not include the capillary rise and the fall in $$\sigma _\mathrm{z}$$

σ
z

.
Pegfilgrastim-induced vasculitis of the subclavian and basilar artery complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage in a breast cancer patient: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Seto Yukiko , Kittaka Nobuyoshi , Taniguchi Azusa , Kanaoka Haruka , Nakajima Satomi , Oyama Yuri , Kusama Hiroki , Watanabe Noriyuki , Matsui Saki , Nishio Minako , Fujisawa Fumie , Takano Koji , Arita Hideyuki , Nakayama Takahiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Pegfilgrastim (PEG) is a sustained-duration pegylated form of filgrastim, a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor agent that is widely used as prophylaxis against febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy. We report the case of a breast cancer patient who developed PEG-induced vasculitis complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and review the relevant literature.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old woman had undergone surgery for breast cancer and was receiving docetaxel and cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2); on day 4 of treatment, PEG had been administered. On day 14, she was admitted to hospital with fever, general malaise, and neck pain, and her C-reactive protein level was found to be high (12.65 mg/dL). Although infection was initially suspected, antimicrobial treatment was ineffective and other laboratory test results were negative for this. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography on day 22 showed thickened vessel walls in the left subclavian artery, the origin of the common carotid artery, and the thoracoabdominal aorta. On day 26, magnetic resonance imaging of the head to investigate possible causes of headache showed signs consistent with SAH, and magnetic resonance angiography images showed irregularity in the basilar artery wall; the findings of both studies were considered to be due to PEG-induced vasculitis. Once treatment with prednisolone 40 mg/day had started, the wall thickening and irregularity improved.

Conclusion
Although an uncommon adverse effect, vasculitis affecting vessels of various sizes may be caused by PEG. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a case of G-CSF-induced vasculitis complicated by SAH. In cases of persistent high fever and elevated inflammatory response after PEG administration and in the absence of infection, clinicians should consider the possibility of drug-induced vasculitis.
Malnutrition among hospitalized children 12–59 months of age in Abyan and Lahj Governorates / Yemen
Authors: Al-Waleedi Ali Ahmed , Bin-Ghouth Abdulla Salem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The analysis of acute malnutrition in 2018 for the Integrated Phase Classification of Food Security in Yemen shows that high malnutrition rates are present in Abyan governorate (23%) and Lahj governorate (21%). This analysis was community based addressed all children and mostly due to problems related to food intake. The role of diseases was not yet addressed in Yemen. The aim of this study is to assess acute and chronic malnutrition among hospitalized children at 12–59 months of age in Lahj and Abyan governorates in Yemen.

Methodology
A cross-sectional, multi-center study is designed. The assessment of the nutritional status was measured by standardized anthropometry of 951 sick children at 12–59 months of age.

Results
The prevalence of Global acute malnutrition (GAM) among the sick children seeking care in health facilities in Lahj and Abyan is 21%. More specifically; the prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is 15.1% while the prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is 6.2%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) among the studied sick children in lahj is 23.4% while in Abyan is 19.3%. The prevalence of MAM in Lahj is 17.7% and the prevalence of SAM is 5.7%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) in Abyan is 12.6% while the prevalence of SAM in Abyan is 6.7%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition among male children (25.2%) is significantly higher than among female children (17.5%). The prevalence of the chronic malnutrition (Stunting) in the studied sick children is 41.3%; the prevalence of stunting in Lahj is 41% while in Abyan is 41.7%.

Conclusions
High acute and chronic malnutrition rates were identified among sick children seeking care in health facilities in lahj and Abyan, and higher than the SPHERE indicators of malnutrition. Boys are more exposed than girls to acute and chronic malnutrition.
Safety of psychological interventions for adult post-traumatic stress disorder: meta-analysis on the incidence and relative risk of deterioration, adverse events and serious adverse events
Authors: Hoppen Thole H. , Lindemann Anna S. , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAttention on harmful effects of psychological interventions for adult post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, yet a comprehensive meta-analysis is lacking.AimsTo summarise incidences and relative risks of deterioration, adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) in trials of psychological interventions for adult PTSD.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Web of Science and PTSDpubs from inception to 21 April 2022 for sufficiently large (n ≥ 20) randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the incidence of harms.ResultsWe included 56 RCTs (4230 patients). Incidences of harms were generally low (0–5%). Psychological interventions were associated with decreased risk of deterioration relative to passive (RR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.15–0.28) and active control conditions (RR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.92). Decreased risk was even more pronounced in sensitivity analyses on trials exclusively delivering treatments face to face. When compared with other psychological interventions, trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) was associated with decreased risk of SAEs (RR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.95) and with no differential risk of deterioration and AEs.ConclusionsThe current evidence base suggests that psychological interventions are safe for most adults with PTSD. In none of the analyses were psychological interventions associated with an increased risk of harm compared with control conditions. TF-CBT was found at least as safe as other psychological interventions. Individual face-to-face delivery might be the safest delivery format. However, more data are needed to draw firmer conclusions. We encourage research teams to routinely and thoroughly assess and report the incidence of harms and their causes.
Disruption of Growth Hormone Receptor in Adipocytes Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Lifespan in Mice
Authors: List Edward O , Berryman Darlene E , Slyby Julie , Duran-Ortiz Silvana , Funk Kevin , Bisset Elise S , Howlett Susan E , Kopchick John J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice have been used for 25 years to uncover some of the many actions of growth hormone (GH). Since they are extremely long-lived with enhanced insulin sensitivity and protected from multiple age-related diseases, they are often used to study healthy aging. To determine the effect that adipose tissue has on the GHRKO phenotype, our laboratory recently created and characterized adipocyte-specific GHRKO (AdGHRKO) mice, which have increased adiposity but appear healthy with enhanced insulin sensitivity. To test the hypothesis that removal of GH action in adipocytes might partially replicate the increased lifespan and healthspan observed in global GHRKO mice, we assessed adiposity, cytokines/adipokines, glucose homeostasis, frailty, and lifespan in aging AdGHRKO mice of both sexes. Our results show that disrupting the GH receptor gene in adipocytes improved insulin sensitivity at advanced age and increased lifespan in male AdGHRKO mice. AdGHRKO mice also exhibited increased fat mass, reduced circulating levels of insulin, c-peptide, adiponectin, resistin, and improved frailty scores with increased grip strength at advanced ages. Comparison of published mean lifespan data from GHRKO mice to that from AdGHRKO and muscle-specific GHRKO mice suggests that approximately 23% of lifespan extension in male GHRKO is due to GHR disruption in adipocytes vs approximately 19% in muscle. Females benefited less from GHR disruption in these 2 tissues with approximately 19% and approximately 0%, respectively. These data indicate that removal of GH’s action, even in a single tissue, is sufficient for observable health benefits that promote long-term health, reduce frailty, and increase longevity.