bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and parenting support for youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Eapen Doncy J. , Bergh Rebecca , Narendorf Sarah C. , Santa Maria Diane M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explored the perceptions and experiences related to pregnancy and parenting support among youth while homeless. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design using data collected from focus group discussions. We assessed the experiences and perceptions of youth related to pregnancy and parenting support. Eighty‐one youth participated in eight focus group discussions and were recruited from shelters, drop‐in centers, and organizations that serve youth in a large metropolitan areas in the southern United States. Thematic content analyses were used to generate results from the qualitative data. Four main themes emerged: youth encountered barriers to accessing healthcare services at the individual and system levels; pregnancy and parenting are stressful, especially during homelessness; support can help overcome the stresses of parenting; and embracing responsibility or “stepping up” is a positive influence of pregnancy and parenting during homelessness. Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) face significant challenges to accessing healthcare services and adjusting to the parental role. Interventions for pregnant and parenting youth should be co‐designed with and tailored for youth and address the existing health inequities within the healthcare and social service systems.
Molecular, biochemical and enzymatic characterization of photorespiratory 2‐phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP1) in rice
Authors: Liu J.‐Y. , He Z.‐D. , Leung D. W. M. , Zeng S.‐S. , Cui L.‐L. , Peng X.‐X. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP, EC3.1.3.18) is a key enzyme in photorespiration. However, genes encoding the rice photorespiratory PGLP have not yet been identified or characterized. Here, PGLP for photorespiration in rice was identified and its enzymatic properties were investigated.

In order to define the function of PGLP homologs, rice PGLP mutants were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9, the transcriptional expressions were analyzed by RT‐qPCR, and subcellular localizations were detected via rice protoplast transient expression analysis.

Based on sequence alignment, proteins encoded by genes OsPGLP1, OsPGLP2, and OsPGLP3 in the rice genome were predicted to have PGLP activity. Subsequent experimentation showed that OsPGLP1 and OsPGLP3 are chloroplast proteins, while OsPGLP2 is localized in the cytoplasm. In rice leaves, levels of PGLP1 transcript were substantially higher than those of PGLP2 and PGLP3, whereas in roots, levels of PGLP2 transcript were higher than those of PGLP1 and PGLP3. There was no detectable PGLP activity in leaves of the OsPGLP1 mutant, which was non‐viable in ambient air condition (400 ppm CO2) and high CO2 (4000 ppm) was unable to restore normal growth. In contrast, mutations of PGLP2 or PGLP3 did not result in visible phenotypes and the leaf PGLP activities were also unaffected

It is suggested that PGLP1, encoded by Os04g0490800, is responsible for photorespiration. Furthermore, PGLP1 is a dimer with an apparent molecular mass of ca.65 kDa, and its Km is 272 μM, with a higher broad optimum pH (7.5 to 10.0) for PGLP activity than that in other higher plants.
Experiences of hospitalization for suicide ideation and suicide attempt in gender diverse adults
Authors: Aboussouan Alix , Moscardini Emma H. , Cerel Julie , Tucker Raymond P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study sought to investigate general perceptions of suicide‐related hospital‐based care that Transgender/Gender Diverse (TGD) adults have experienced as well as correlates of their perceived usefulness of this care.MethodsData were collected via a cross‐sectional online survey of N = 3718 self‐identified TGD individuals. Single‐item self‐report measures of all constructs of interest were used.ResultsA total of n = 1056 participants indicated hospitalization for either a past suicide attempt (SA) or suicidal ideation (SI). Irrespective of being hospitalized for SI or SA, perceived usefulness of hospital‐based care was low with 50% or more of participants rating their care as some degree of unhelpful. Older age, general trust in mental healthcare providers, and voluntary admission were related to higher perceived helpfulness of care for both SI and SA admissions. Higher pride in TGD identity was positively related to perceived helpfulness of care but only for admissions related to SAs.ConclusionImproving perceived usefulness of hospital‐based care may be important for improving subsequent suicide‐related help‐seeking. Increasing training and provision of care that improves trust with mental healthcare providers and potentially reduces need for involuntary admission may help improve hospital‐based, suicide‐related care in TGD adults.
Amount and intensity effects of exercise training alone versus a combined diet and exercise lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life in the STRRIDE-PD randomized trial
Authors: Collins Katherine A , Ross Leanna M , Piner Lucy W , Fos Liezl B , Slentz Cris A , Bateman Lori A , Willis Leslie H , Bales Connie W , Siegler Ilene C , Wolever Ruth Q , Huffman Kim M , Kraus William E 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTo determine the relative contributions of various amounts and intensities of exercise alone to a combined lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) measures.Research design and methodsParticipants (n=162) were sedentary, overweight/obese, with pre-diabetes, and randomized to one of four 6-month interventions: (1) high amount/moderate intensity exercise–energy expenditure of 16 kcal/kg of body weight/week (KKW) at 50% oxygen consumption (V̇O2) reserve; (2) high/vigorous–16 KKW at 75% V̇O2reserve; (3) low/moderate–10 KKW at 50% V̇O2reserve; (4) low/moderate plus diet–10 KKW at 50% V̇O2reserve plus a calorically restricted diet. The 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36) and Satisfaction with Physical Function and Appearance (SPF/SPA) survey were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Analyses of covariance determined differences in change scores among groups (p<0.05). Paired t-tests determined significant pre-intervention versus post-intervention scores within groups (p<0.05).ResultsAcross the intervention, all groups (p<0.05) improved the physical component, SPF, and SPA scores. Only the low/moderate/diet group (p<0.001) significantly improved the mental component score. The high/vigorous group achieved 84.5% of the low/moderate/diet group effect for change in physical component score, and the low/moderate group achieved 83.7% of the low/moderate/diet group effect for change in mental component score.ConclusionsIn general, a low amount of moderate intensity exercise combined with diet was the most effective intervention for improving HrQoL. Of the exercise-only interventions, vigorous intensity exercise provided the greatest impact on changes in physical function. On the other hand, low amounts of moderate intensity exercise provided the greatest impact on mental well-being, potentially being a more attainable exercise dose for previously sedentary individuals with pre-diabetes to achieve.
Improving the supply of critical medicines from pharmacy to reduce the delay in medicines administration on wards
Authors: Patel Vitesh , Quinn Gemma 
Published: January 2022

It is nationally and locally recognised that doses of critical medications are missed or omitted on a daily basis. This has been highlighted by a National Patient Safety Agency alert published in 2010. Since then Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusthas introduced initiatives to tackle this problem, but there are clear indications that further work is still required. The aim of this service improvement project was to improve the availability of critical medications on the ward to ensure they are available thirty minutes prior to the next scheduled dose.Two plan–do–study–act cycles were undertaken over a 14-day period (January/February 2020) to reduce the time taken for critical medications to be supplied to the ward after a request was placed on the eOrdering system, on one care of the elderly ward. Medication request and prescription tracking data were captured during working hours each week (Monday to Sunday) and examined. The time taken for a request to be processed was captured.Following the introduction of a critical medicines checklist in the pharmacy dispensary and later a flow chart on the ward, availability of critical medication on the ward rose from 89% to 93%. However, the project did not meet the project aim of ensuring 95% of critical medications requested were available on the ward.The project highlighted that for sustainable and robust improvement, the electronic prescribing system required improvement rather than change in the work processes of the ward and pharmacy professionals.
Decrease in injuries from fireworks in Hawaii: associations with a county policy to limit access
Authors: Galanis Daniel J , Koo Sylvia SJ , Puapong Devin P , Sentell Tetine , Bronstein Alvin C 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo examine trends in fireworks-related injuries (FRI) before and after enactment of an ordinance to limit access in the City and County of Honolulu (the island of Oahu).MethodsSurveillance of FRI treated in all emergency departments in the state, for 18 new year’s periods (31 December through 1 January) from 2004 to 2021. Prelaw (2004 to 2011) and postlaw (2012 to 2021) number of FRI were compared, by patient age and county.ResultsThe average annual number of FRI for all ages decreased significantly in Oahu, from 74 during the prelaw period to 27 during the postlaw period (p<0.01), but not in the remaining neighbour islands (p=0.07). Decreases were particularly evident for Oahu paediatric patients (under 18 years), among whom FRI declined from 42 to 10 per year (p<0.01). FRI were approximately halved for older Oahu patients and neighbour island paediatric patients.ConclusionsLegislation requiring permits for a specified number and type of fireworks, and limiting access to persons 18 years and older was associated with significant decreases in FRI in the City and County of Honolulu.
Cancer Immunotherapy in Adult Patients with HIV
Authors: Abu Khalaf Suha , Dandachi Dima , Granwehr Bruno P , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C 
Published: January 2022

The availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH) and reduced the incidence of AIDS-associated malignancies, yet PWH have a significantly increased incidence of malignancy and less favorable outcomes of cancer treatment compared with the general population. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapy, becoming the standard of care for various malignancy treatments. However, PWH are an underserved population with limited access to clinical trials and cancer treatment. This review of the available evidence on different classes of cancer immunotherapy in PWH is mostly based on case reports, case series, but few prospective studies and clinical trials due to the exclusion of PWH from most oncologic clinical trials. The results of the available evidence support the safety of immunotherapy in PWH. Immunotherapy has similar effectiveness in PWH, an acceptable toxicity profile, and has no clinically significant impact on HIV viral load and CD4-T cell count. In addition, there is no reported change in the incidence of opportunistic infections and other complications for PWH with well-controlled viremia. This review aims to briefly summarize the current state of immunotherapy in cancer, guide clinicians in the management of immunotherapy in cancer PWH, and encourage the inclusion of PWH in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy.
CD40L-armed oncolytic herpes simplex virus suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by facilitating the tumor microenvironment favorable to cytotoxic T cell response in the syngeneic mouse model
Authors: Wang Ruikun , Chen Jingru , Wang Wei , Zhao Zhuoqian , Wang Haoran , Liu Shiyu , Li Fan , Wan Yajuan , Yin Jie , Wang Rui , Li Yuanke , Zhang Cuizhu , Zhang Hongkai , Cao Youjia 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide. Despite the promising outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors and agonist antibody therapies in different malignancies, PDAC exhibits high resistance due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Ameliorating the TME is thus a rational strategy for PDAC therapy. The intratumoral application of oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV) upregulates pro-inflammatory macrophages and lymphocytes in TME, and enhances the responsiveness of PDAC to immunotherapy. However, the antitumor activity of oHSV remains to be maximized. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the CD40L armed oHSV on the tumor immune microenvironment, and ultimately prolong the survival of the PDAC mouse model.MethodsThe membrane-bound form of murine CD40L was engineered into oHSV by CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. oHSV-CD40L induced cytopathic effect and immunogenic cell death were determined by microscopy and flow cytometry. The expression and function of oHSV-CD40L was assessed by reporter cell assay. The oHSV-CD40L was administrated intratumorally to the immune competent syngeneic PDAC mouse model, and the leukocytes in TME and tumor-draining lymph node were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Intratumoral cytokines were determined by ELISA.ResultsIntratumoral application of oHSV-CD40L efficiently restrained the tumor growth and prolonged the survival of the PDAC mouse model. In TME, oHSV-CD40L-treated tumor accommodated more maturated dendritic cells (DCs), which in turn activated T helper 1 and cytotoxic CD8+T cells in an interferon-γ-dependent and interleukin-12-dependent manner. In contrast, the regulatory T cells were significantly reduced in TME by oHSV-CD40L treatment. Repeated dosing and combinational therapy extended the lifespan of PDAC mice.ConclusionCD40L-armed oncolytic therapy endues TME with increased DCs maturation and DC-dependent activation of cytotoxic T cells, and significantly prolongs the survival of the model mice. This study may lead to the understanding and development of oHSV-CD40L as a therapy for PDAC in synergy with immune checkpoint blockade.
Amantadine treatment is associated with improved consciousness in patients with non-traumatic brain injury
Authors: Rühl Lena , Kuramatsu Joji B , Sembill Jochen A , Kallmünzer Bernd , Madzar Dominik , Gerner Stefan T , Giede-Jeppe Antje , Balk Stefanie , Mueller Tamara , Jäger Jakob , Schwab Stefan , Huttner Hagen B , Sprügel Maximilian I 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThis study determined the effect of amantadine treatment on consciousness in patients with non-traumatic brain injury.MethodsWe pooled individual patient data of five single-centre observational studies to determine the effect of amantadine treatment among patients with ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, community-acquired bacterial meningitis and status epilepticus, admitted between January 2012 and December 2015 and ventilated ≥7 days. Patient selection and multivariable regression modelling were used to adjust for differences in intergroup comparison and for parameters associated with consciousness. Improvement of consciousness 5 days after treatment initiation was defined as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at day 5 and GCS at day 10, rate of ICU delirium, epileptic seizures and all-cause mortality at 90 days.ResultsOverall, 84 of 294 (28.6%) eligible patients received amantadine. Amantadine treatment was associated with improvement of consciousness at day 5 (amantadine: 86.9% vs control: 54.0%; absolute difference: 32.9 (20.0–44.2); adjusted OR (aOR): 5.71 (2.50–13.05), p<0.001). Secondary outcomes showed differences in GCS 5 days (9 (8–11) vs 6 (3–9), p<0.001) and GCS 10 days (10(8–11) vs 9(6–11),p=0.003) after treatment initiation. There were no significant differences regarding all-cause mortality (aOR: 0.89 (0.44–1.82), p=0.758) and ICU delirium (aOR: 1.39 (0.58–3.31), p=0.462). Rate of epileptic seizures after initiation of amantadine treatment was numerically higher in the amantadine group (amantadine: 10.7% vs control: 3.0%; absolute difference: 7.7 (0.3–16.4); aOR: 3.68 (0.86–15.71), p=0.079).ConclusionsAmantadine treatment is associated with improved consciousness among patients with different types of non-traumatic brain injury in this observational cohort analysis. Epileptic seizures should be considered as potential side effects and randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Altered distribution, activation and increased IL-17 production of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Kim Tae-Ok , Park Ki-Jeong , Cho Young-Nan , Jin Hye-Mi , Jo Young-Goun , Kim Hyo Shin , Ju Jae Kyun , Shin Hong-Joon , Kho Bo-Gun , Kee Seung-Jung , Park Yong-Wook 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells that are engaged in a number of diseases, but their roles in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not fully examined yet. This study aimed to examine levels and functions of MAIT cells in patients with ARDS.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from patients with ARDS (n=50) and healthy controls (HCs, n=50) were collected. Levels of MAIT cells, cytokines, CD69, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) were measured by flow cytometry.ResultsCirculating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in patients with ARDS than in HCs. MAIT cell levels were inversely correlated with disease severity and mortality. Cytokine production profiles in MAIT cells showed that percentages of interleukin (IL)-17 producing MAIT cell were significantly higher in patients with ARDS than in HCs. Patients with ARDS exhibited higher expression levels of CD69, PD-1 and LAG-3 in circulating MAIT cells. Moreover, levels of MAIT cells and expression levels of CD69, PD-1 and IL-17 in MAIT cells were higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples than in peripheral blood samples. Our in vitro experiments showed that MAIT cells triggered macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-8.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are numerically deficient in patients with ARDS. In addition, MAIT cells were found to be activated, migrate into lung, secrete IL-17 and then stimulate macrophages. These findings suggest that MAIT cells contribute to the worsening of inflammation in the lung of patients with ARDS.
Comparison of nicotine emissions rate, ‘nicotine flux’, from heated, electronic and combustible tobacco products: data, trends and recommendations for regulation
Authors: El Hourani Mario , Shihadeh Alan , Talih Soha , Eissenberg Thomas 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTobacco smoking is a major cause of disease and premature death worldwide. While nicotine is recognised as the main addictive component in tobacco smoke, the total nicotine amount emitted (nicotine yield) and the rate of nicotine emission per second (‘nicotine flux’) contribute to the abuse liability of a given product. These variables can be regulated for public health ends and conveniently so for electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).MethodsIn this study we computed nicotine flux from previously reported values of yield and puff topography for a wide range of tobacco products.ResultsWe found that nicotine flux varied widely across tobacco products, from less than 0.1 µg/s to more than 100 µg/s, and that since 2015 the upper limit of the ENDS nicotine flux range has risen significantly and is now approaching that of combustible cigarettes. We also found that products that differ in nicotine flux may exhibit similar nicotine yields due to differences in user puffing behavior. Nicotine flux is a tool that can be used to regulate nicotine emissions of tobacco products, including ENDS.
Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers for the estimates of genetic diversity by using two oilseed Brassica napus populations carrying genome contents of Brassica oleracea
Authors: Jiang Junye , Kebede Berisso , Rahman Habibur 
Published: January 2022

Reliable estimates of genetic diversity among the accessions in a breeding population is important knowledge for use in breeding. Among the different types of molecular markers, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) are largely used by breeders; however, our knowledge of the reliability of the estimates of genetic diversity based on these two types of markers in multiple populations is limited. In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) and an inbred population developed from Brassica napus × Brassica oleracea interspecific crosses were used for comparative analysis of these two types of markers. The estimates based on SNP and SSR markers showed a stronger correlation in the inbred population which was expected to carry greater genetic diversity as compared to the DH population. This inference was also evident from the analysis of different diversity groups (least, intermediate, and most similar) of these two populations for significant difference between the groups for six agronomic and seed quality traits, where this analysis failed to differentiate the diversity groups of the DH population for any of the traits. However, both marker types could differentiate the diversity groups of the inbred population for several traits. Furthermore, the six sub-populations of the inbred population could also be differentiated by both marker types. Thus, the results demonstrate the greater utility of the SSR and SNP markers in a genetically diverse population. This knowledge can be used while grouping a breeding population for diversity groups; however, caution needs to be taken while using the markers in a genetically narrow population.
Radiation from Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet de Sitter black hole via tunneling process
Authors: Eslamzadeh Sareh , Firouzjaee Javad T. , Nozari Kourosh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we probe in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole and its thermodynamics. We illustrate the three asymptotically 4D EGB spacetime as an asymptotically flat, de Sitter, and Anti-de Sitter. Also, we apply the tunneling of the massless particles from the horizon of 4D EGB gravity and we investigate the correlation between the emission modes and temperature of the horizon. In asymptotically flat spacetime, the existence of the coupling constant alone constructs the regular spacetime, the radiation deviates from the pure thermal, and the temperature of the black hole horizon would be zero in the final stage of the black hole evaporation. In Asymptotically de Sitter spacetime, results illustrate that the evolution of the temperatures is in direction of the remaining rest mass with the probably same temperature for the black hole and the cosmological horizon. In addition, the exciting result is that temperature behaviors exactly match with the temperature behaviors of a regular black hole in Lovelock gravity in a higher dimension.