bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between dynapenia, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and all‐cause mortality among patients on haemodialysis
Authors: Yoshikoshi Shun , Yamamoto Shohei , Suzuki Yuta , Imamura Keigo , Harada Manae , Osada Shiwori , Kamiya Kentaro , Matsunaga Atsuhiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow muscle strength is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). No studies have reported the association between dynapenia, defined by both low handgrip strength (HGS) and quadriceps isometric strength (QIS), and long‐term clinical outcomes in patients on HD. We examined the associations between dynapenia, cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations, and all‐cause mortality in the HD population.MethodsThis retrospective study used data from outpatients undergoing HD at two dialysis facilities between October 2002 and March 2020. We defined low muscle strength as an HGS of <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women and a QIS of <40% dry weight. Furthermore, we categorized dynapenia into three groups: robust (‘high HGS and high QIS’), either low HGS or low QIS (‘low HGS only’ or ‘low QIS only’), and dynapenia (‘low HGS and low QIS’). The outcomes were all‐cause mortality and a composite of CV hospitalizations and mortality. Cox proportional hazards and negative binomial models were used to examine these associations.ResultsA total of 616 patients (mean age, 65.4 ± 12.2 years; men, 61%) were included in the analyses. During the follow‐up (median, 3.0 years), a total of 163 deaths and 288 CV hospitalizations occurred. Patients with the either low HGS or low QIS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.75; 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 1.46–2.10] and dynapenia (HR, 2.80; 95% CIs, 2.49–3.14) had a higher risk of mortality than those in the robust group. When compared with the robust group, the either low HGS or low QIS [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.41, 95% CI: 1.00–1.99] and dynapenia (IRR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.44–2.89) groups were associated with a significantly higher incident risk of CV hospitalizations.ConclusionsDynapenia (muscle weakness in both upper and lower extremities) was associated with increased risks of all‐cause mortality and CV hospitalizations among patients on HD. Screening for dynapenia using both HGS and QIS may be useful for prognostic stratification in the HD population.
Prenatal effects of alprazolam treatment on the immature cerebellum of rats
Authors: Mascarenhas Fernanda Naves Araújo do Prado , Silva Natália Ferreira , Menezes‐Reis Lorena Tannús , Vieira Lucélia Gonçalves , Hirano Líria Queiroz Luz , Botelho Françoise Vasconcelos , Ribeiro Daniele Lisboa , Zanon Renata Graciele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) during pregnancy, especially alprazolam, is common and its impact on the fetal neural tissue is not known. In this sense, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal treatment with alprazolam on the cerebellum of Wistar rat pups. Thirty animals (24 females and six males, CEUA protocol 014/17) were separated into pairs for copulation. Females were divided into three groups: Control (CT), treatment 1 (T1, 1.25 mg per animal), and treatment 2, which is an overdose (T2, 30 mg per animal). Alprazolam was administered 10 days before copulation and throughout pregnancy. We evaluated the number and weight of pups and the macroscopic changes in the brain. Eight neonates (n = 8) from each group were used in the following analyses: Cellular and chromatin density, gliosis, synaptic density, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The results showed no significant differences regarding the number of pups, body weight, and macroscopic changes. The morphological study focused on the external granular layer (EGL) that is presented only in the immature cerebellum. Here, we detected more cells after alprazolam treatment; the T2 group showed large nuclei and some pyknotic nuclei; also, both treated groups presented an increase in the euchromatin density compared with the control. The molecular and biochemical analyses used the total protein extract of the entire cerebellum and showed an increased expression of Iba‐1 and NF‐κBp65 but without indication of inflammation or degeneration in the T1 group. Overdose of alprazolam presented an increased level of oxidative degradation of lipids. The treatment with alprazolam during pregnancy involved cellular and molecular changes in the immature cerebellum.
Examining interests and goals as predictors of gender differences in engineers' pursuit of managerial roles
Authors: Cardador M. Teresa , Hill Patrick L. , Lopez‐Alvarez Grisel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven the gendering of engineering roles and competencies, the evidence that the skills required for engineering management are widely referred to as social, and the fact that men engineers are stereotyped as more technical, and women as more social, it might be theorized that (a) those that occupy managerial (vs. technical) roles in engineering are more socially oriented, and (b) that this will especially be the case for women. However, no research has empirically tested the relationship between having socially oriented characteristics and being in managerial roles within the engineering profession, nor have gender differences been examined.PurposeWe test whether social interests and communal goal strivings are linked to engineers' positioning in managerial roles and explore gender as a moderator of these relationships. Additionally, because enterprising interests and agentic goal strivings have been linked to managerial roles in other occupations, we test these as additional predictors of engineers' positioning in managerial roles.MethodIn a field survey of 274 industry engineers from multiple organizations and subfields, we tested the relationships described using hierarchical linear regression analysis.ResultsEnterprising interests and agentic goals, but not social interests and communal goals, were associated with being in managerial roles, and there were no gender differences in these relationships.ConclusionsOur findings challenge perceptions that managerial roles in engineering, and particularly women's positioning in these roles, are associated with socially oriented tendencies. Findings have implications for research on gender stereotyping and intraoccupational gender segregation in engineering and hold educational implications for curriculum, instruction, and advising.
Automatic analysis system for abnormal red blood cells in peripheral blood smears
Authors: Gil Taeyeon , Moon Cho‐I , Lee Sukjun , Lee Onseok 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe type and ratio of abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) in blood can be identified through peripheral blood smear test. Accurate classification is important because the accompanying diseases indicated by abnormal RBCs vary. In clinical practice, this task is time‐consuming because the RBCs are manually classified. In addition, because the classification depends on the subjective criteria of pathologists, objective classification is difficult to achieve. In this paper, an automatic classification method that is solely based on images of RBCs captured under a microscope and processed using machine learning (ML) is proposed. The size and hemoglobin abnormalities of RBCs were classified by optimizing the criteria used in clinical practice. For morphologically abnormal RBCs classification, used seven geometric features information (major axis, minor axis, ratio of major and minor axis, perimeter, circularity, number of convex hulls, difference between area and convex area) and five types of multiple classifiers (Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, K‐Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, and Adaboost models). Among was categorized using SVM, highly accurate results (99.9%) were obtained. The classification is performed simultaneously, and results are provided to the user through a graphical user interface (GUI).
When 3D genome technology meets viral infection, including SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Liang Weizheng , Wang Shuangqing , Wang Hao , Li Xiushen , Meng Qingxue , Zhao Yan , Zheng Chunfu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMammalian chromosomes undergo varying degrees of compression to form three‐dimensional genome structures. These three‐dimensional structures undergo dynamic and precise chromatin interactions to achieve precise spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression. Most eukaryotic DNA viruses can invade their genomes into the nucleus. However, it is still poorly understood how the viral genome is precisely positioned after entering the host cell nucleus to find the most suitable location and whether it can specifically interact with the host genome to hijack the host transcriptional factories or even integrate into the host genome to complete its transcription and replication rapidly. Chromosome conformation capture technology can reveal long‐range chromatin interactions between different chromosomal sites in the nucleus, potentially providing a reference for viral DNA‐host chromatin interactions. This review summarized the research progress on the three‐dimensional interaction between virus and host genome and the impact of virus integration into the host genome on gene transcription regulation, aiming to provide new insights into chromatin interaction and viral gene transcription regulation, laying the foundation for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Do political ties facilitate operational efficiency? A contingent political embeddedness perspective
Authors: Shen Lu , Zhou Kevin Zheng , Wang Kui , Zhang Chuang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough the significance of relational ties with supply chain partners to firms' operations management has been frequently studied, it is unclear how political ties, which represent another form of relational ties that is especially important in emerging economies, relate to operational efficiency. Drawing on the political embeddedness perspective, we propose a negative association between political ties and operational efficiency and examine how this association is moderated by environmental and firm‐level factors. Using panel data of listed private firms in China, we show that political ties are negatively correlated with operational efficiency. In addition, this negative relationship is stronger when firms operate in regions with less developed factor markets and in highly competitive industries. However, the negative relationship is weaker for firms with high levels of foreign shareholding and customer concentration. These findings caution against the downsides of political ties for operations management and highlight strategies for reducing their negative effect.
Implementing pharmacist‐led deprescribing in the haemodialysis unit: a quality use of medicine activity in the Queensland hospital setting
Authors: Scuderi Carla , Rice Michelle , Hendy Anna , Anning Nicolas , Perks Stephen , Antonel Melissa , Brown Leeane , Rawlings Cassandra , Ratanjee Sharad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolypharmacy in haemodialysis patients can not only manifest as the continued prescribing of unnecessary medications but also has the potential to increase medication‐related hospital admissions, morbidity, and mortality. A validated deprescribing algorithm has recently been developed, specifically targeted at dialysis patients. This paper audits the experience of implementing this algorithm in Australian dialysis settings.AimThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the usefulness and applicability of the pharmacist‐led Toronto deprescribing tool in Australian haemodialysis settings.MethodThe pharmacist‐led deprescribing algorithm was implemented across two metropolitan sites and one rural site. The audit focused on five medications that could potentially be deprescribed in the target patient group (diuretics, alpha blockers, statins, proton pump inhibitors [PPIs], and quinine). Between 1 and 12 months later, a reaudit was conducted, with patients followed up to confirm if medications remained deprescribed.ResultsTwo hundred and eleven patients across three sites were reviewed. Application of the algorithm resulted in 168 medications deemed appropriate to deprescribe. Of these 168 medications, 56 (33%) were initially deprescribed, with 50 medications (30%) remaining deprescribed on reaudit. The deprescribing rates varied between the three different services, with initial deprescribing rates ranging from 18% to 61%. After follow‐up, deprescribing changes across target medications were fairly static, with only a small number of patients restarting either their diuretic or PPI.ConclusionThe pharmacist‐led deprescribing algorithm resulted in substantial deprescribing across the three sites. Deprescribing rates varied between the sites due to differences in the team model that the pharmacist worked within and the method of the rollout. Further studies should draw on aspects such as finding enablers to overcome prescriber and patient concerns about deprescribing and the aspects of which team models lead to higher rates of successful deprescribing.
#BlueGirl: A study of collective trauma on Twitter
Authors: Abtahi Zahra , Zahedi Leila , Eizadyar Zarrin , Fava Nicole M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCollective trauma is the outcome of traumatic incidents that necessitate collective self‐reflection and create a need for public discourse. Access to social media allows individuals to shape event coverage beyond what is put forth by mainstream media through hashtag‐based communities. The death of Sahar Khodayari, or “Blue Girl,” an Iranian woman who committed suicide after being sentenced to prison for appearing in a sports stadium dressed as a man, is one such event that became a collective trauma. The current study sought to examine the collective trauma reaction among Farsi‐speaking Twitter users in response to Khodayari's death as represented in public tweets. The overall pool of data consisted of 8,653 tweets containing at least one of four hashtags (i.e., #BlueGirl, #Blue_Girl,, # #), posted September 9–24, 2019, as well as 603 tweets posted on the anniversary of the event 1 year later. Using thematic analysis, we identified three main themes within these public tweets representing different responses to Khodayari's death: social justice, awareness, and process. In undemocratic countries, like Iran, where there are limited free physical spaces for public gatherings, social media provides a platform for people to come together after tragic events to express emotions and discuss thoughts and actions. The present findings demonstrate that Twitter allowed Farsi‐speaking users to demand social justice, share awareness about #BlueGirl, and process their emotions and thoughts accordingly. Therefore, social media may provide a window into the collective trauma experience, and it may also serve as a new mode of studying trauma on new platforms.
In situ flux estimates reveal large variations in methane flux across the bottom boundary layer of a eutrophic lake
Authors: D'Ambrosio Sofia L. , Henderson Stephen M. , Nielson Jeffrey R. , Harrison John A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMethane (CH4) produced in anoxic sediments plays a significant role in the carbon economy of many lakes and reservoirs. CH4 released from sediments first crosses the bottom boundary layer (BBL), the layer of water overlying the lakebed where currents are slowed by friction with the sediments below. Physical and biogeochemical conditions in the BBL, which can fluctuate hourly to daily with basin‐wide internal waves (seiches), likely influence CH4 transport from sediments into the hypolimnion. In this study, we estimated CH4 fluxes across the BBL of a eutrophic lake using a novel in situ flux gradient approach adapted from marine applications. For 2–6 h periods throughout the spring and summer, we estimated CH4 fluxes across the BBL using simultaneous measurements of CH4 concentrations, turbulent mixing, and thermal stratification. Sub‐daily variation in CH4 fluxes was high, and CH4 fluxes sometimes changed several‐fold within hours. These rapid shifts in BBL fluxes were likely influenced by fluctuations in seiche‐driven variations in the intensity of BBL turbulent mixing. Fluxes increased from spring to summer, concurrent with the development of lake stratification, and fueled an accumulation of CH4 below the thermocline. Throughout the summer, CH4 flux across the BBL exceeded CH4 accumulation below the thermocline, suggesting significant methanotrophy in the hypolimnion, consistent with incubation‐based oxidation rates. Our results are the first to demonstrate sub‐daily and seasonal variability in the timing and magnitude of CH4 fluxes within a lake BBL, and highlight a need to quantify such variability in other lentic systems.
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis of fractional CO2 laser efficiency in treating a mouse model of alopecia
Authors: Hasegawa Kouichi , Fujimoto Takahiro , Mita Chihiro , Furumoto Hidehiro , Inoue Masako , Ikegami Kentaro , Kitayama Tomomi , Yamamoto Yukari , Shimbo Takashi , Yamazaki Takehiko , Tamai Katsuto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesHair loss, including alopecia, is a common dermatological issue worldwide. At present, the application of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in the treatment of alopecia has been documented; however, the results vary between reports. These varying results may be due to the limited knowledge of cellular action in laser‐irradiated skin. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of laser treatment under effective conditions for hair cycle initiation.MethodsA fractional CO2 laser was applied and optimized to initiate the hair cycle in a mouse model of alopecia. Several cellular markers were analyzed in the irradiated skin using immunofluorescence staining. Cellular populations and their comprehensive gene expression were analyzed using single‐cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatics.ResultsThe effective irradiation condition for initiating the hair cycle was found to be 15 mJ energy/spot, which generates approximately 500 μm depth columns, but does not penetrate the dermis, only reaching approximately 1 spot/mm2. The proportion of macrophage clusters significantly increased upon irradiation, whereas the proportion of fibroblast clusters decreased. The macrophages strongly expressed C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (Ccr2), which is known to be a key signal for injury‐induced hair growth.ConclusionsWe found that fractional CO2 laser irradiation recruited Ccr2 positive macrophages, and induced hair regrowth in a mouse alopecia model. These findings may contribute to the development of stable and effective fractional laser irradiation conditions for human alopecia treatment.
Long‐term high‐temperature steam oxidation behavior of Cr‐coated Zircaloy‐4 alloy for accident tolerant fuel
Authors: Xiang Yang , Yang Hongyan , Chen Qingsong , Peng Xiaoming , Zhang Ruiqian , Wei Tianguo , Liu Chunhai , Chen Huan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Cr‐coated Zircaloy‐4 samples were prepared by arc ion plating to enhance the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Zircaloy‐4 alloys for accident tolerant fuel claddings. The oxidation tests of the Cr coating were performed under 1473 K steam for 60, 120, and 240 min. The steam oxidation tests indicated that the Cr‐coated Zircaloy‐4 substrate had excellent high‐temperature steam oxidation resistance to protect the fuel cladding from damage for at least 240 min. The weight gains and the thickness of the oxidation scale of the samples were measured to evaluate the oxidation kinetics of the Cr coating in 1473 K steam. In addition, the diffusion and interfacial evolution were analyzed during the oxidation process, and the steam oxidation behaviors of the Cr coatings were also discussed in detail.
Polyacrylamide‐Graphene Oxide‐Polyaniline Based Flexible Electrode for Portable Supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Shi Caixin , Wang Tian , Wang Guanhua , Zhao Yansheng , Liu Yongmei , Zhang Ding 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible electronics have achieved development with the rising consumption of wearable devices. In this work, a novel polyacrylamide‐graphene oxide‐polyaniline composite hydrogel (PGPH) based flexible electrode with good mechanical and electrochemical properties is prepared. The polyacrylamide interpenetrating network can provide a porous substrate. The strong π–π interaction between graphene oxide and polyaniline can stabilize polyaniline. The area‐specific capacitance of PGPH is 100.57 mF cm–2 at a current density of 5 mA cm–2, and the capacity remains at 75.54% after 1000 cycles. One layer of sodium alginate is spin‐coated on top of the electrode to solve the problem of desorption of conductive materials and improve the cycle stability of the materials. The PGPH exhibits a conductivity of 5.11 S m–1 and elongation at break of 352%, which is significantly higher than that of common polyacrylamide‐polyaniline hydrogel. Based on the good mechanical and electrochemical properties of PGPH, it has broad application prospects in flexible energy storage devices and flexible sensors.
Achieving High Thermal Conductivity in Epoxy Resin Composites by Synergistically Utilizing Al2O3 Framework and BN Sheet as Fillers
Authors: Wang Xubin , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Li Zhonghua , Tang Chao , Chi Qingguo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe application of high thermal conductive Epoxy resin (EP) is an efficient way to improve the heat dissipation in electronic device. In this work, the thermal conductivity of EP is significantly improved by synergistically utilizing Al2O3 framework (AF) and boron nitride sheet (BN) as fillers. The polyurethane foams with different pore sizes are used to prepare AF for the first time. The microstructure characterization demonstrates the successful preparation of AF/EP and AF‐BN/EP with different AF pore size. The thermal conductivity of AF/EP is superior to that of Al2O3/EP composites with randomly distributed Al2O3 nanoparticles. The smaller pore of AF is beneficial to achieving a greater thermal conductivity in AF/EP composites. Especially, by combing BN with AF can further improve the thermal conductivity of AF‐BN/EP composites. The optimal value of 1.18 W m−1 K−1 (5.42 times high than pure EP) is obtained for 60 ppi‐AF‐20 wt% BN/EP composite. Besides, the dielectric property shows that by combining of AF and BN increases the permittivity, as well as low dielectric loss. The high thermal conductivity and excellent dielectric property are simultaneously achieved by synergistically utilizing AF and BN fillers, the resultant EP composites have great potential to be used in electronic devices.
Hydrometeorological analysis of a flash flood event in an ungauged Mediterranean watershed under an operational forecasting and monitoring context
Authors: Giannaros Christos , Dafis Stavros , Stefanidis Stefanos , Giannaros Theodore M. , Koletsis Ioannis , Oikonomou Christina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study presents the first attempt to investigate the November 2019 catastrophic flash flood in Olympiada (North Greece) under an operational forecasting and monitoring context, based on the mesoscale weather and research forecasting (WRF) model and the integrated multi‐satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement (GPM‐IMERG) algorithm. When evaluated against ground‐based rainfall measurements, WRF showed an adequate predictive capability concerning the severity of the observed rainfall, even though the model's performance suffered from phase and spatial displacement errors. The GPM‐IMERG algorithm yielded the best performance in capturing the timing of the observed excessive rainfall. Concerning the hydrological outcome using the Hydrologic Engineering Center‐Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC‐HMS), a strong indication of the forthcoming flash flood could have been provided at least 2 days in advance based on the WRF‐based HEC‐HMS‐simulated flood peak (139.3 m3 s−1), as it was close to the drainage capacity of a constructed bridge in the plain stream bed, and to the 100‐year return period flood discharge.