bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From trilingualism to triliteracy: a trilingual child learning to write simultaneously in Korean, Farsi, and English
Authors: Choi Jayoung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrawing on translanguaging and a translingual approach to literacy, this case study seeks to examine why and how a trilingual child engaged with writing across two heritage languages (HLs), Korean and Farsi, as well as English over 5 years. I enter the study by taking on the role of a motherscholar to address the research question “What, how, and why my son, a trilingual child, wrote across three scripts at home?” The analysis of a large number of writing samples across the three scripts as well as video and audio data sources collected at home showed the child’s complex navigation and orchestration of his lived experiences, interests, and social relationships across scripts with a clear audience in mind over developmental stages. He engaged in writing at home to reconstruct his literate world, to express interests and lived experiences, and to express discontent in required tasks in a playful manner. The study has important implications for caregivers and teachers of multilinguals as well as for policy makers who must create more opportunities for multilingual children to draw on languages and scripts they use on a daily basis in school learning.
A systematic review, meta-analysis and economic evaluation on Neonatal cpap
Authors: Keerthan RM. , Nagaseshu Pudi , Gopalan Greeshma , Kachroo Kavita , Sharma Jitendra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The review mainly focuses on the goals to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of neonatal CPAP in a decrease of Mortality, Length of Stay, Respiratory support, Extubation and Intubation. Introduction: Inclusion criteria: This review is conducted in neonates with respiratory failure, Pneumonia sepsis, necrotizing infections, Pneumothorax, Broncho pulmonary distress, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), COVID-19, and other comorbidities also included.
Methods: The databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were used in this review. Depending on inclusion criteria the full-text articles were assessed and chosen studies were recovered by methodological quality.
Results: one twenty-six studies are retrieved which met the inclusion criteria and the extracted studies were pooled statistically and their outcomes were measured. All the studies explain the efficacy of CPAP by reducing Mortality, Length of Stay, Respiratory support, Extubation and Intubation.
Conclusion: Currently the evidence states that CPAP reduces Mortality, Length of Stay, Respiratory support, Extubation and Intubation
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level and adrenal deficiency in patients with mucocutaneous pemphigus
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Shahmoradi Zabihollah , Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Lali Iraj , Faghihian Elham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and adrenal insufficiency in patients with mucocutaneous pemphigus lesions who use oral corticosteroids.

Methods
This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 54 patients (48.44 ± 12.74 years) with mucocutaneous pemphigus in 2019. Those patients taken corticosteroids in different doses and way. At first, collected patients information including age, sex, type of pemphigus, duration of use, patient dosage, duration of corticosteroid administration, and method of administration were collected daily. Adrenal gland function was measured by evaluating ACTH levels. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test.

Results
Our study showed that 37 cases (68.5%) had normal ACTH average hormone level (7.3–63.3 mL/pg), 11 cases (20.4%) were lower levels (<7.2 mL/pg), and 6 cases (11.1%) were higher levels (63.3 > mL/pg). Wo observed no significant relationship between ACTH and duration of corticosteroids usage (p=0.207).

Conclusions
Taking a maintenance dose of between 12.5 and 25 mg daily does not usually lead to adrenal insufficiency. The present study showed that the lower the daily dose of corticosteroids, the lower the likelihood of adrenal insufficiency.
Combined models with tanks in series for characterization of tundish flows in continuous casting of steel
Authors: Yu Shan , Li Lin , Shao Lei , Zou Zongshu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The traditional combined model of a mixed flow reactor and a plug flow reactor in series with a dead zone has been commonly used to characterize tundish flows in continuous casting of steel. However, there are noticeable differences in residence time distribution curve profile between model predictions and the corresponding experimental measurements. In order to pursue a better characterization of typical tundish flows, two new combined models are outlined in the current work: One involves uniform tanks and a plug flow reactor in series with a dead zone, while the other features two non-uniform tanks and a plug flow reactor in series with a dead zone. The application of the models to a tundish with a turbulence inhibitor in the pouring compartment reveals that both of the two new models can provide a much better representation of the experimental measurements in comparison with the traditional model. Regarding the two new models, the one with two non-uniform tanks is seen to perform better than that with uniform tanks.
Synodality in Anglicanism
Authors: Chapman Mark D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Church of England and the wider Anglican Communion have adopted forms of synodical government from the very beginnings of their existence, even when this was exercised through parliament. There has been very little theological discussion of synods, especially of the role of the laity. Although some have used a Trinitarian theology to analyse synods, far more appropriate is a form of Augustinianism that can handle the conflicts at the heart of human life which are mirrored in the church as a corpus permixtum.
Crystal structure of 2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chloro-1H-indol-1-yl)ethan-1-one, C10H6Cl3NO
Authors: Ma Zhao-Yu , Lu Wan , Guo Yu-Chao , Li Ying-Jiao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C10H6Cl3NO, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.7097(10) Å, b = 10.6037(11) Å, c = 10.1735(10) Å, β = 96.580(4)°, V = 1040.55(18) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0214, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0574, T = 101 K.
The crystal structure of 1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxamide, C8H7N3O
Authors: Ma Hang , Tian Qiang , Wan Banglong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C8H7N3O, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 9.9071(14) Å, b = 11.1950(19) Å, c = 13.315(2) Å, V = 1476.8(4) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0356, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1034, T = 100(2) K, β = 90°.
Osteogenesis capability of three-dimensionally printed poly(lactic acid)-halloysite nanotube scaffolds containing strontium ranelate
Authors: Boraei Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi , Nourmohammadi Jhamak , Mahdavi Fatemeh Sadat , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop , Montero Ana Ferrández , Herencia Antonio Javier Sánchez , Ferrari Begoña 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printing of 3D scaffolds containing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and strontium ranelate (SrR) as a carrier for the promotion of bone regeneration is investigated. SrR acts as an anabolic bone-forming and anti-catabolic agent, while HNTs act as a carrier of SrR. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used as a biodegradable matrix and carrier for HNTs and SrR. The effects of the SrR addition on the morphological, biological, and in vitro release properties of the scaffolds are evaluated. The morphological results show a homogeneous structure with a proper pore size (approximately 400 µm) suitable for osteogenesis. The contact angle is decreased after the addition of SrR to the scaffold to 67.99°, suitable for cell attachment. X-ray diffraction shows that the SrR is homogenously and molecularly distributed in the PLA matrix and reduces the crystallinity in the prepared scaffolds. The in vitro release results demonstrate that the release profile of the SrR is stable, relatively linear, and continuous within 21 days (504 h). A cumulative release of SrR of approximately 49% is obtained after a controlled release for 504 h (21 days) and a low primary burst release (12%). Human adipose stem cells cultured on the 3D-printed scaffolds demonstrate that the SrR can efficiently promote biocompatibility, alkaline phosphatase activity, and alizarin red staining.
Preparation of flame retardant glass fiber via emulsion impregnation and application in polyamide 6
Authors: Cheng Yue , Zhang Ling , Li Chunzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As a commonly used reinforcement, glass fiber (GF) can improve the mechanical properties of thermoplastics. However, previous studies have suggested that GF was not good for the flame retardancy of thermoplastics because of “wick effect.” Herein, a novel flame retardant emulsion was synthesized, containing film-former, lubricant, silane coupling agent, and ammonium polyphosphate modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (mAPP). The GF impregnated with flame retardant emulsion and aluminum diethlyphosphinate (ADP) were blended with polyamide 6 (PA6) to prepare flame retardant GF reinforced PA6 (FRGFPA6/ADP). The LOI of FRGFPA6/ADP-15 can reach 34.7%, which is much higher than that of GF reinforced PA6 (GFPA6) and it also pass the UL-94 test and reach V-0 rating without dripping. The mHRR, pHRR, and THR of FRGFPA6/ADP-15 are reduced by 44.2, 121.0, and 26.3% compared to GFPA6. After burning, the surface of flame retardant GF can form a carbon layer, which improved the efficiency of interfacial flame retardancy between GF and PA6 and weakened the “wick effect.” At the same time, ADP is added to the matrix to release free radicals to capture oxygen in the air, and carbon layer is formed to isolate the air. The synergistic effect of ADP and mAPP increased the flame retardancy of GFPA6.
Management of neuroendocrine neoplasms: conformity with guidelines in and outside a center of excellence
Authors: Morin Carole , Benedetto Keo-Morakort , Deville Agathe , Milot Laurent , Theillaumas Aurélie , Hervieu Valérie , Pioche Mathieu , Poncet Gilles , Forestier Julien , François Laurent , Borson-Chazot Francoise , Adham Mustapha , Lombard-Bohas Catherine , Walter Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
To improve neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) management, the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) recognised 62 Centers of Excellence (CoE). This retrospective study compares conformity of patients’ initial management within vs outside an ENETS CoE with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Methods
Patients diagnosed with a NEN between August 2018 and July 2020 and presented in the Lyon-CoE Multidisciplinary Tumour Board (MDT) were included. Factors potentially associated with the conformity of initial management (work-up and first treatment) to CPG underwent univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
Among the 615 included patients, 170 (27.6%) were initially managed in the CoE and 445 (72.4%) were only presented at the CoE-MDT. Patients in the CoE group more often had intestinal or pancreatic primaries, metastatic disease (61.8% vs 33%), hereditary syndrome, and a functioning tumour. Work-up conformity was 37.1% in the CoE (vs 29.9%, P  = 0.09); this was 95.8% for the first treatment (vs 88.7%, P  = 0.01). After multivariate analysis, CPG conformity was significantly higher for patients managed in the CoE, for younger patients, for those having a grade 1–2 tumour, and a genetic syndrome. Pancreatic and small intestinal (SI) NET surgeries performed in the CoE had a higher splenic preservation rate during left pancreatectomy, better detection of multiple tumours in SI surgeries, and higher number of resected lymph nodes.

Conclusions
Given the widespread observance of CPG, not all patients require management in the CoE. Referral should be considered for more complex cases such as metastatic diseases, G2 tumours, or carcinoid syndromes. Finally, we should encourage the centralization of NET surgery.
Effects of low-dose oral micronised progesterone on sleep, psychological distress, and breast development in transgender individuals undergoing feminising hormone therapy: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Nolan Brendan J , Frydman Aviva S , Leemaqz Shalem Y , Carroll Meg , Grossmann Mathis , Zajac Jeffrey D , Cheung Ada S 
Published: May 2022

Objective
The role of micronised progesterone in hormone regimens for transgender individuals undergoing feminising hormone therapy remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the effect of oral micronised progesterone on sleep quality, psychological distress, and breast development in transgender individuals undergoing feminising hormone therapy.

Design
Prospective case–control study. Twenty-three transgender individuals on stable oestradiol treatment newly commencing 100 mg oral progesterone (n = 23) and controls continuing standard care (n = 19) were assessed over 3 months.

Methods
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), and Tanner stage to assess breast development were assessed at 0 and 3 months. Non-parametric analysis of covariance was used to compare differences between groups.

Results
Compared with controls over 3 months, there was no difference in PSQI (P = 0.35), K10 (P = 0.64), or Tanner stage (P = 0.42). There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals with clinically significant improvement in PSQI (25% vs 22%, P = 0.84). One individual had a significant deterioration in psychological distress that improved following the cessation of progesterone.

Conclusions
Low-dose progesterone was not associated with changes in sleep quality, psychological distress, or breast development over 3 months follow-up, though there was significant inter-individual variability. Larger, placebo-controlled trials are required to further evaluate different doses of progesterone in feminising hormone therapy regimens.
Spectrum of germline AIRE mutations causing APS-1 and familial hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Cranston Treena , Boon Hannah , Olesen Mie K , Ryan Fiona J , Shears Deborah , London Rosemary , Rostom Hussam , Elajnaf Taha , Thakker Rajesh V , Hannan Fadil M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
The autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by immune dysregulation and autoimmune endocrine gland destruction. APS-1 is caused by biallelic mutations affecting the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3, which facilitates immunological self-tolerance. The objective was to investigate &gt;300 probands with suspected APS-1 or isolated hypoparathyroidism for AIRE abnormalities.

Methods
Probands were assessed by DNA sequence analysis. Novel variants were characterised using 3D modelling of the AIRE protein. Restriction enzyme and microsatellite analysis were used to investigate for uniparental isodisomy.

Results
Biallelic AIRE mutations were identified in 35 probands with APS-1 and 5 probands with isolated hypoparathyroidism. These included a novel homozygous p.(His14Pro) mutation, predicted to disrupt the N-terminal caspase activation recruitment domain of the AIRE protein. Furthermore, an apparently homozygous AIRE mutation, p.Leu323fs, was identified in an APS-1 proband, who is the child of non-consanguineous asymptomatic parents. Microsatellite analysis revealed that the proband inherited two copies of the paternal mutant AIRE allele due to uniparental isodisomy. Hypoparathyroidism was the most common endocrine manifestation in AIRE mutation-positive probands and &gt;45% of those harbouring AIRE mutations had at least two diseases out of the triad of candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and hypoadrenalism. In contrast, type 1 diabetes and hypothyroidism occurred more frequently in AIRE mutation-negative probands with suspected APS-1. Around 30% of AIRE mutation-negative probands with isolated hypoparathyroidism harboured mutations in other hypoparathyroid genes.

Conclusions
This study of a large cohort referred for AIRE mutational analysis expands the spectrum of genetic abnormalities causing APS-1.
18-year change in serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 from midlife to late life and risk of mortality: the ARIC Study
Authors: Ishigami Junichi , Honda Yasuyuki , Karger Amy B , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth , Lutsey Pamela L , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentration increases in response to declining kidney function to preserve normal phosphate concentrations. However, the etiological association of change in FGF23 concentration with mortality has not been examined in the general population.

Design and methods
We analyzed 5458 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who had intact FGF23 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessed during midlife (visit 3, 1993–1995, mean age: 58 years) and late life (visit 5, 2011–2013, 76 years) to examine the association of FGF23 change over 18 years from mid-life to late life with the subsequent risk of mortality in late life using Cox regression models.

Results
The median 18-year change in intact FGF23 was +17.3 pg/mL. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years following visit 5, 1176 participants died. In multivariable Cox models, elevated mortality was seen in the highest quartile of FGF23 change (ΔFGF23: ≥31.3 pg/mL) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.61 (95%CI: 1.36–1.90), or 1.37 (1.15–1.64) after additionally adjusting for eGFR change, compared with the lowest quartile (≤6.4 pg/mL)). When both FGF23 change and FGF23 in late life were simultaneously entered into the Cox model, FGF23 in late life, but not FGF23 change, was an independent predictor of mortality; however, we observed a high correlation between FGF23 change from midlife to late life and FGF23 in late life (r = 0.77).

Conclusions
Serum intact FGF23 change from midlife to late life was associated with subsequent risk of mortality independent of decline in kidney function. Our findings further support the implications of FGF23 beyond its association with kidney function.
Clinical differences between IgG4 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and primary thyroid lymphoma
Authors: Liu Liyuan , Yu Yang , Chen Lei , Zhang Yang , Lu Guizhi , Gao Ying , Zhang Junqing 
Published: May 2022

Background
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) can be divided into IgG4 HT and non-IgG4 HT based on IgG4 and IgG immunohistochemical staining. In clinical practice, it is often necessary to identify diseases such as primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and IgG4 HT when a patient presents with a rapidly enlarged thyroid. The aim of our study was to uncover the differential points between the two diseases.

Methods
Clinical information from 19 IgG4 HT and 10 PTL patients was obtained from the patients’ medical records, including age, sex, main clinical manifestation, thyroid functional status, the presence of serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid ultrasonography results. Thyroid sections from all patients were collected to detect IgG4 and IgG expression by immunohistochemical staining.

Results
The IgG4 HT patients were significantly younger than those in the PTL group (39.68 ± 10.95 vs 66.20 ± 10.23 years, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the sex distribution or TgAb- or TPOAb-positive rates. The PTL group had a higher prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism than the IgG4 HT group (P = 0.016). In the PTL group, thyroid lesions were more likely to exhibit hypoechogenicity (6/6 vs 1/19, P < 0.001) on ultrasound images. In the PTL group, two patients met the immunohistochemical cut-off value of the criteria for IgG4 HT.

Conclusions
Simply relying on immunohistochemistry for IgG4 cannot diagnose IgG4 HT correctly when a patient presents with rapid thyroid enlargement. A combination of clinical and pathological analyses will help distinguish IgG4 HT from PTL which may be with abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells.
Follicular free fatty acid metabolic signatures and their effects on oocyte competence in non-obese PCOS patients
Authors: Feng Yifan , Qi Jia , Xue Xinli , Li Xinyu , Liao Yu , Sun Yun , Tao Yongzhen , Yin Huiyong , Liu Wei , Li Shengxian , Huang Rong 
Published: May 2022

In Brief
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in women. This study identified changes in free fatty acids profiles in the follicular fluid that may lead to better diagnosis and management of infertility in PCOS women.

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various endocrine/metabolic disorders and impaired reproductive potential. Alterations in oocyte competence are considered potentially causative factors for infertility in PCOS women and analyzing the composition of follicular fluid in these patients may help to identify which changes have the potential to alter oocyte quality. In this study, free fatty acid metabolic signatures in follicular fluid were performed to identify changes that may impact oocyte competence in non-obese PCOS women. Sixty-four non-obese women (32 with PCOS and 32 age- and BMI-matched controls) undergoing in vitro fertilization were recruited. Embryo quality was morphologically assessed. Free fatty acid metabolic profiling in follicular fluid was performed using gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis models were further constructed. Nine free fatty acids and 24 eicosanoids were identified and several eicosanoids synthesized by the cyclooxygenase pathway were significantly elevated in PCOS patients compared to controls. The combination of PGE2, PGF2α, PGJ2, and TXB2 had an area under the curve of 0.867 (0.775–0.960) for PCOS discrimination. Furthermore, follicular fluid levels of PGE2 and PGJ2 were negatively correlated with high-quality embryo rate in PCOS patients (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed that follicular fluid lipidomic profiles undergo changes in non-obese PCOS women, which suggests that identifying changes in important metabolic signatures may give us a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PCOS. Furthermore, elevated PGE2 and PGJ2 concentrations may contribute to impaired oocyte competence in non-obese PCOS patients.