bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual conductive network of nickel‐coated carbon fiber woven fabric for indirect and direct lightning strike protection of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Zhu Huixin , Chang Li , Fu Kunkun , Li Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a dual conductive network of nickel‐coated carbon fiber woven fabrics (Ni‐CFWF) was presented for indirect and direct lightning strike protection (LSP) of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The Ni‐CFWF prepared by electroless plating was bonded to the top surface of a CFRP composite. Excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of Ni‐CFWF/CFRP composite was achieved with a value of 92.87 dB in the frequency range 8.2–12.4 GHz, 189.22% greater than that of the pristine CFRP composite. Moreover, the prepared Ni‐CFWF also exhibited a good direct lightning strike (LS) protection performance. The maximum LS damage depth and area of the Ni‐CFWF/CFRP composites were reduced by 21.59% and 6.11% under a simulated lightning current with the peak of 100 kA, respectively. Correspondingly, the residual strength of the Ni‐CFWF/CFRP composites was maintained at 92.65% after LS, demonstrated the LSP effectiveness. Our work provides an effective strategy for the design of a protective system that considers both indirect and direct LSP.
Identification of geographical origin and different parts of Wolfiporia cocos from Yunnan in China using PLS‐DA and ResNet based on FT‐NIR
Authors: Li Lian , Zuo Zhi‐Tian , Wang Yuan‐Zhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionWolfiporia cocos, as a kind of medicine food homologous fungus, is well‐known and widely used in the world. Therefore, quality and safety have received worldwide attention, and there is a trend to identify the geographic origin of herbs with artificial intelligence technology.ObjectiveThis research aimed to identify the geographical traceability for different parts of W. cocos.MethodsThe exploratory analysis is executed by two multivariate statistical analysis methods. The two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) images combined with residual convolutional neural network (ResNet) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) models were established to identify the different parts and regions of W. cocos. We compared and analysed 2DCOS images with different fingerprint bands including full band, 8900–6850 cm−1, 6300–5150 cm−1 and 4450–4050 cm−1 of original spectra and the second‐order derivative (SD) spectra preprocessed.ResultsFrom all results: the exploratory analysis results showed that t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding was better than principal component analysis. The synchronous SD 2DCOS is more suitable for the identification and analysis of complex mixed systems for the small‐band for Poria and Poriae cutis. Both models of PLS‐DA and ResNet could successfully identify the geographical traceability of different parts based on different bands. The 10% external verification set of the ResNet model based on synchronous 2DCOS can be accurately identified.ConclusionTherefore, the methods could be applied for the identification of geographical origins of this fungus, which may provide technical support for quality evaluation.
Flexible design of building integrated thin‐film photovoltaics
Authors: Neugebohrn Nils , Haas Stefan , Gerber Andreas , Grimm Michael , Nissel Jana , Liebers Rene , Turan Bugra , Gehrke Kai , Vehse Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe high cost of building integrated photovoltaics is one of the main reasons preventing a more widespread application. We propose a panel‐on‐demand concept for flexible design of building integrated thin‐film photovoltaics to address this issue. The concept is based on the use of semi‐finished PV modules (standard mass products) with subsequent refinement into BIPV PV modules. In this study, we demonstrate the three processes necessary to realize this concept. First, a prototype tool to cut thin film photovoltaic elements on glass substrates based on laser perforation was developed. Damage to the processed samples did not exceed a distance of 50 μm from laser cuts. Second, oxide/metal/oxide‐electrodes with integrated colour were applied on Cu (In, Ga)Se2 cells and standard monolithic interconnection structuring was used to produce modules sized 30 × 30 cm2 in red, green and blue with strong colours. Third, A back‐end interconnection process was developed for amorphous silicon thin film cells, which allows for the structuring of modules from elements of custom shape. The panel‐on‐demand strategy may allow for a streamlined production of customized modules and a lower cost for aesthetically pleasing, fully building integrated solar modules.
The feasibility and promise of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training with teachers and school personnel in high‐poverty schools
Authors: Shernoff Elisa S. , Ruork Allison K. , Nadeem Erum , Rizvi Shireen L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examined the feasibility and promise of using virtual Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training (DBT‐ST) with educators. DBT‐ST was offered to 39 educators (89% female, mean age 46.45) in one high‐poverty school district during the COVID‐19 pandemic using a pre–post design. Educators attended five of eight groups (Mode = 8) and there were statistically significant decreases in stress (p = .001, rrb = −.51) and dysfunctional coping (p = .000, rrb = −.57), and increases in DBT skill use (p = .016, rrb = .44). Ratings on anxiety and depression were unchanged. The χ2 analyses indicated a significant relationship between stress and attendance with the high stress group more likely to attend the groups than the low stress group, χ2(1) = 4.88, p = .027. DBT‐ST may be feasible for teachers but future considerations regarding the role of mental health personnel in delivering teacher health and wellness interventions is warranted.
Quantitative comparison of the actual antioxidant activity of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and NADH
Authors: Fu Yan‐Hua , Wang Kai , Shen Guang‐Bin , Zhu Xiao‐Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe object of this fundamental research would reveal the actual antioxidant ability of the antioxidants using thermo‐kinetic parameter ΔG≠o which was proposed according to Zhu kinetic model. Kinetic experiments on the reactions between Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and NADH analog (BNAH) with DPPH• and tBu3PhO• radicals were made to measure the reaction rate constants in acetonitrile at 298 K. The ΔG≠o (XH) values of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and BNAH in acetonitrile at 298 K were estimated, and the bond dissociation free energies ΔGo (XH) and kinetic intrinsic barriers ΔG≠XH/X of these three antioxidants to release hydrogen atoms were also compared. Only the data of thermo‐kinetic parameters ΔG≠o (XH) are consistent with the true oxidation sequence. The order of the actual antioxidant activity of these three antioxidants is Vitamin C > Vitamin E > NADH. All our preliminary results throw light on the nature of actual antioxidant ability of antioxidants, which not only depend on thermodynamic driving force, but also depend on the dynamic resistance. Therefore, thermo‐kinetic parameter ΔG≠o is the perfect parameter which can be used as measurement criteria of the actual antioxidant ability of antioxidants.
Mining and characterization of oxidative stress‐related binding proteins of parthenolide in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Zhou Qian , Li Linwei , Liu Fei , Hu Jun , Cao Yan , Qiao Siwei , Zhou Yuxin , Wang Bi , Jia Yihe , Chen Yu , Xu Shu , Feng Xu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLack of control agents and development of bacterial resistance are emergent problems in the chemical control of rice bacterial blight, therefore novel bactericides against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo, the causal agent of rice bacterial blight) are urgently needed. We previously found that parthenolide (PTL) is a potential lead against Xoo, and PTL inhibits Xoo growth via oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of action of PTL against Xoo needs further elucidation.RESULTSIn this study, a biotinylated PTL probe was synthesized, and two important subunits in the respiratory chain (NuoF of complex I and SdhB of complex II) of Xoo were captured with the probe and identified with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The binding between them was verified with pull‐down and drug affinity responsive target stability technologies. In addition, purified proteins of NuoF and SdhB greatly lowered the antibacterial activity of PTL, and PTL evidently inhibited the enzyme activities of complexes I and II. Moreover, knockout of nuoF and sdhB in Xoo caused elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased sensitivity to PTL. Furthermore, molecular simulations indicated that PTL may form covalent bonds with Cys105 and Cys187 in NuoF and Cys106 in SdhB.CONCLUSIONPTL can directly bind to NuoF and SdhB, which impairs the enzyme functions of complexes I and II in the respiratory chain, leading to ROS accumulation in Xoo. This study will provide deep insight into the mechanism of action of PTL against Xoo. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Response of a packaging system to a transient event: Real‐time replication versus shock response spectra simulation
Authors: Bonnin Anne‐Sophie , Nolot Jean‐Baptise , Huart Victor , Pellot Jérôme , Krajka Nicolas , Odof Serge , Erre Damien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVibrations and shocks are found among mechanical phenomena undergone by packaging systems. In order to verify the behaviour of packaging systems under shocks, test protocols advocate the execution of drop tests, inclined plane tests, forklift handling courses and so on in laboratories. Nevertheless, even if these protocols are efficient, they do not replicate the wide variety of transient events occurring during transportation. That is why there is a need in developing a method capable of replicating actual transient events in a reproductive way in laboratories. This work concerns the comparison of the responses of a packaging system subjected to two different simulations of the same transient event with the aim to forward develop specifications. The definition and elaboration of shock response spectra (SRS) are reviewed in the first part of this work. Afterwards, a data acquisition enables the recording of classical transient events generated by a forklift. Then the calculation of the SRS of one of those transient events enables the generation of a time signal different from the transient event recorded. Finally, a comparison between the response of a packaging system subjected to the time transient event as it is recorded and the response to the time transient event calculated from the SRS is carried out. The first results based on the study of autocorrelation functions, intercorrelation functions, energy spectral densities (ESDs) and damage calculation conclude towards an equivalence between a real‐time replication and an SRS simulation in the case of one transient event and one packaging system.
Sample size methods for evaluation of predictive biomarkers
Authors: Dobbin Kevin K. , McShane Lisa M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTreatment selection biomarkers are those that can be useful in guiding choice of therapy. Just as new therapies require evaluation in appropriately designed clinical trials to determine their benefit, therapy selection biomarkers require evaluation in appropriately designed studies. These studies may be prospective clinical trials or retrospective studies based on specimens stored from a completed clinical trial. Ideally, patient treatment assignments should be randomized, and consideration should be given to an appropriate sample size—either for prospective planning of a new study or access to a sufficient number of stored specimens. Here, we develop a novel sample size method for estimation of a confidence interval of specified average width, for an intuitively appealing previously proposed parameter that reflects the expected benefit of using biomarker‐guided therapy relative to a standard‐of‐care therapy. The estimation approach combines Monte Carlo and regression to result in a procedure that performs well over a range of scenarios. Although derived under a specific Cox proportional hazards regression model, robustness to model violations is demonstrated by evaluation under accelerated failure time and cure models. The sample size method produces adequate or conservative sample size estimates under a range of scenarios. Computer code in R and C++, and applications for Mac and Windows are made available for implementation of the sample size estimation procedure. The method is applied to a real data setting and results discussed.
Cobalt Single Atoms Enabling Efficient Methanol Oxidation Reaction on Platinum Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon
Authors: Ruan Jiufeng , Chen Yaping , Zhao Guoqiang , Li Peng , Zhang Bingxing , Jiang Yinzhu , Ma Tianyi , Pan Hongge , Dou Shi Xue , Sun Wenping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping efficient platinum (Pt)‐based electrocatalysts with high tolerance to CO poisoning for the methanol oxidation reaction is critical for the development of direct methanol fuel cells. In this work, cobalt single atoms are introduced to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of N‐doped carbon supported Pt (N‐C/Pt) for the methanol oxidation reaction. The cobalt single atoms are believed to play a critical role in accelerating the prompt oxidation of CO to CO2 and minimizing the CO blocking of the adjacent Pt active sites. Benefitting from the synergistic effects among the Co single atoms, the Pt nanoparticles, and the N‐doped carbon support, the Co‐modified N‐C/Pt (Co‐N‐C/Pt) electrocatalyst simultaneously delivers impressive electrocatalytic activity and durability with lower onset potential and superb CO poisoning resistance as compared to the N‐C/Pt and the commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts.
Bean Pod‐Like SbSn/N‐Doped Carbon Fibers toward a Binder Free, Free‐Standing, and High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dang Jie , Zhu Ruiyu , Zhang Shengqiang , Yang Lijie , Chen Xin , Wang Hui , Liu Xiaojie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBimetallic SbSn alloy stands out among the anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical specific capacity (752 mAh g−1) and good electrical conductivity. However, the major challenge is the large volume change during cycling processes, bringing about rapid capacity decay. Herein, to cope with this issue, through electrostatic spinning and high temperature calcination reduction, the unique bean pod‐like free‐standing membrane is designed initially, filling SbSn dots into integrated carbon matrix including hollow carbon spheres and nitrogen‐doped carbon fibers (B‐SbSn/NCFs). Significantly, the synergistic carbon matrix not only improves the conductivity and flexibility, but provides enough buffer space to alleviate the large volume change of metal particles. More importantly, the B‐SbSn/NCFs free‐standing membrane can be directly used as the anode without polymer binder and conductive agent, which improves the energy density and reaction kinetics. Satisfyingly, the free‐standing BSbSn/NCFs membrane anode shows excellent electrochemical performance in SIB. The specific capacity of the membrane electrode can maintain 486.9 mAh g−1 and the coulombic efficiency is close to 100% after 400 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Furthermore, the full cell based on B‐SbSn/NCFs anode also exhibits the good electrochemical performance.
Surfactant‐Modulated a Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Probe of Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Nanosheets for Detecting Copper Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yan Zifeng , Fang Long , He Zhiguo , Xie Hui , Liu Binbin , Guo Bing , Yao Youwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEfficient detection of aqueous copper ions is of high significance for environmental and human health, since copper is involved in potent redox activity in physiological and pathological processes. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown advantages in efficient capturing and detecting of copper ions due to their large surface area, robust chemical stability, and high sensitivity, but most of them are hydrophobic, leading to the limitation in sensing copper ions in aqueous media. Herein, the design and synthesis of an sp2‐carbon conjugated COF (sp2‐TPE‐COF) are reported with surfactant‐assisted water dispersion for detecting traces of copper ions based on the photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Importantly, the olefin‐linked conjugated backbone of sp2‐TPE‐COF works as a signal amplified transducer for metal ion sensing. Notably, it is found that a surfactant‐assisted strategy can greatly enhance COF's dispersion in aqueous solution and finely modulate their sensitivity with a significantly improved KSV to 15.15 × 104 m−1 in SDBS (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) solution, the value of which is larger than that of a majority of COF/MOF based sensors for copper ions. This research demonstrates the promise of surfactant modulated fully π‐conjugated COFs for sensing applications.
pH‐Triggered Size‐Tunable Silver Nanoparticles: Targeted Aggregation for Effective Bacterial Infection Therapy
Authors: Cheng Xinting , Pei Xibo , Xie Wenjia , Chen Junyu , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Jian , Gao Huile , Wan Qianbing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid spread of drug‐resistant pathogens threatens human health. To address the current antibacterial dilemma, the development of antibiotic‐free strategies using nanotechnology is imperative. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag‐P&C NPs) with pH‐sensitive charge reversal and self‐aggregation capacities are successfully synthesized. In the acidic microenvironment of bacterial biofilms, protonation of the surface peptide enhances the affinity of Ag‐P&C NPs for bacteria, which can make Ag‐P&C NPs prone to target and penetrate into biofilms, and the self‐aggregated capacity helps Ag‐P&C NPs remain in biofilms for a long time to disrupt bacterial biofilm formation. In addition, biocompatible Ag‐P&C NPs are utilized in three types of bacteria‐infected animal models. They exhibit an excellent performance in killing bacteria, inhibiting plaque biofilms, and ameliorating inflammatory responses. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into antibiotic‐free antibacterial strategies, and exhibits promising application prospects.
Surface Potential Tuned Single Active Material Comprised Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a High Performance Voice Recognition Sensor
Authors: Babu Anand , Malik Pinki , Das Nityananda , Mandal Dipankar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo fabricate a high‐performance and ultrasensitive triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), choice of a combination of different materials of triboelectric series is one of the prime challenging tasks. An effective way to fabricate a TENG with a single material (abbreviated as S‐TENG) is proposed, comprising electrospun nylon nanofibers. The surface potential of the nanofibers are tuned by changing the voltage polarity in the electrospinning setup, employed between the needle and collector. The difference in surface potential leads to a different work function that is the key to design S‐TENG with a single material only. Further, S‐TENG is demonstrated as an ultrahigh sensitive acoustic sensor with mechanoacoustic sensitivity of ≈27 500 mV Pa–1. Due to high sensitivity in the low‐to‐middle decibel (60–70 dB) sounds, S‐TENG is highly capable in recognizing different voice signals depending on the condition of the vocal cord. This effective voice recognition ability indicates that it has high potential to open an alternative pathway for medical professionals to detect several diseases such as neurological voice disorder, muscle tension dysphonia, vocal cord paralysis, and speech delay/disorder related to laryngeal complications.
Optimizing Intermolecular Interactions and Energy Level Alignments of Red TADF Emitters for High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Jia‐Xiong , Wang Hui , Xiao Ya‐Fang , Wang Kai , Zheng Ming‐Hui , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Zhou Lu , Hu Dehua , Huo Yanping , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdequately harvesting all excitons in a single molecule and inhibiting exciton losses caused by intermolecular interactions are two important factors for achieving high efficiencies thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). One potential approach for optimizing these is to tune alignment of various excited state energy levels by using different doping concentrations. Unfortunately, emission efficiencies of most TADF emitters decrease rapidly with concentrations which limits the window for energy level tunning. In this work, by introducing a spiro group to increase steric hindrance of a TADF emitter (BPPXZ) with a phenoxazine and a dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, emission efficiency of the resulting molecule (BPSPXZ) is much less affected by concentration increase. This enables exploitation of the concentration effects to tune energy levels of its excited states for obtaining simultaneously small singlet–triplet energy offset and large spin–orbital coupling, leading to high‐efficiency reverse intersystem crossing. With these merits, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using the BPSPXZ emitter from 5 to 60 wt% doping can all deliver EQE of over 20%. More importantly, record‐high EQEs of 33.4% and 15.8% are respectively achieved in the optimized and nondoped conditions. This work proposes a strategy for developing red TADF emitters by optimizing the intermolecular interaction and energy level alignments to facilitate exciton utilization over wide doping concentrations.
Low‐damage steel structures for enhanced life‐cycle seismic performance
Authors: Lignos Dimitrios G. , Paronesso Martina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSchadensresiliente Stahlkonstruktionen für ein verbessertes seismisches Tragverhalten bei mehreren Erdbeben während der LebensdauerWährend eines Erdbebens sind Stahlrahmen mit Verbänden anfällig für hohe absolute Gebäudebeschleunigung, wodurch beschleunigungsempfindliche nichttragende Bauteile und Komponenten beschädigt werden. Inelastische Verformungen in den Verbänden und/oder ihren Endverbindungen erfordern die Anwendung von Kapazitätsregeln, um die Anforderungen von Erdbebennormen im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit zu erfüllen. Diese Arbeit stellt ein alternatives Stahltragwerk vor, bei dem die Energiedissipation hauptsächlich durch Reibungsdämpfer erreicht wird, die als dissipative Verbindungen zwischen den Decken und dem/den Stahlrahmen/n mit Verbänden wirken. Die Dämpfer bestehen aus Reibbelägen in Verbundwerkstoffen, die nicht anfällig für Bimetallkorrosion sind. Versuche deuten darauf hin, dass die Reibungsdämpfer die seismische Energie durch Reibung wirksam dissipieren. Nichtlineare Zeitverlaufsberechnungen eines sechsstöckigen repräsentativen Stahltragwerks mit Reibungsdämpfern als dissipative Deckenanschlüsse zeigen, dass a) Effekte höherer Moden gemildert werden, b) eine Kapazitätsauslegung der Stahlrahmen mit Verbänden nicht zwingend erforderlich ist, um eine über die Höhe gleichmäßig verteilte Stockwerksverschiebung zu gewährleisten, und c) die Streuung stockwerksbezogener, seismischer Bemessungsparameter im Vergleich zu konventionellen, starren Anschlüssen an die Decken erheblich reduziert ist. Im Großen und Ganzen hat der alternative Tragwerkstyp ein hohes Potenzial, erdbebenbedingte Reparaturen über die Lebensdauer eines Gebäudes zu minimieren.