bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable Optical System for Drug Delivery, Ablation, and Sampling in Deep Tissue
Authors: Ma Yingchao , Chu Yanji , Lyu Shanzhi , He Yonglin , Wang Yapei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotothermal therapy is becoming one subject of intense investigation for cancer treatment. However, due to the light absorption and light scattering of skin tissues, it is challenging to directly transport light energy into subcutaneous tissues with a depth over 1.0 cm. This research puts forward a technique termed as Injectable Optical System (IOS) for guiding near‐infrared light (NIR) into deep tissues by optical fibers, which is unattainable by regular NIR photothermal therapy, despite that NIR light is testified as the preferred light window with deepest tissue penetration. Meanwhile, the technique of IOS also possesses the abilities of drug delivery and synchronous sampling the diseased tissues during the treatment of photothermal therapy. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, IOS exhibits distinct advantages in transporting light energy into deeper subcutaneous tissues in contrast with traditional light irradiation on skins. Light would directly transport through the pathway to tumor tissues to realize hyperthermia effect without causing energy loss. Since IOS owns the benefits of clinical biopsy and radiofrequency ablation, it would be a powerful supplement to therapeutic methodologies for treating subcutaneous diseases. The easy modification of IOS offers great promise to combine other analytical techniques to achieve the in situ detection and deep‐sited tumors treatment.
Combustion Synthesized Electrospun InZnO Nanowires for Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: He Junyu , Xu Peilong , Zhou Ruifu , Li Hao , Zu Hongliang , Zhang Jun , Qin Yuanbin , Liu Xuhai , Wang Fengyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) photodetectors play an important role in numerous commercial and scientific applications. The UV photodetectors based on binary‐cation indium zinc oxide (InZnO) thin films exhibit great performance enhancement, compared with their single‐cation counterparts. However, UV photodetectors based on 1D InZnO nanowires could potentially exhibit more superior optoelectrical performance, due to the large surface‐to‐volume ratio and favorable carrier transport characteristics of nanowires. This work has combined combustion synthesis with electrospinning technique to efficiently fabricate InZnO nanowire‐based UV photodetectors. At the annealing temperature of 375 °C, the newly designed InZnO nanowire photodetectors exhibit excellent photoelectric performance under the irradiation of 310 nm UV light, including a photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 1.2 × 104, a photo responsivity of 2.8 × 103 A W–1, and a high detectivity of 2.4 × 1016 Jones. This study not only demonstrates the opportunity to construct new‐generation transparent electronics based on 1D metal oxide nanowires but also sheds new light on how to further decrease the annealing temperature of metal oxide nanowire devices for low‐temperature fabrication processes.
Rational Design of Highly Soluble and Crystalline Conjugated Polymers for High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Lee Kyumin , Jeong Moon‐Ki , Suh Eui Hyun , Jeong WonJo , Oh Jong Gyu , Jang Jaeyoung , Jung In Hwan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConjugated polymers based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) moieties are widely used in optoelectronics applications but rarely in field‐effect transistors (FETs). This is due to the steric hindrance at the tetrahedral center of the CPDT core, which is a critical problem requiring resolution without diminishing the polymer crystallinity and solubility. A bulky CPDT‐based high‐mobility copolymers are synthesized here, which shows excellent π–π stacking in the film states with good solubility. The addition of bulky ethylhexyl side chains to CPDT does not interfere with the molecular ordering and promotes the intercalation of linear alkyl chains on the co‐monomeric units. The resulting polymer forms bimodal packing structures with strong lamellar ordering and π–π interactions. Furthermore, the free volume generated by the bulky ethylhexyl side chains allows for a small amount of fullerene additive to be contained in the film state without interfering with the molecular ordering, leading to enhanced on/off ratios and hole mobilities of the resulting FETs. As a result, promising hole mobilities of up to 1.08–1.64 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved with the optimized FETs, which are the highest mobilities reported for CPDT‐based conjugated polymers containing branched alkyl side chains.
Congenital heart defects in molecularly confirmed KBG syndrome patients
Authors: Digilio Maria Cristina , Calcagni Giulio , Gnazzo Maria , Versacci Paolo , Dentici Maria Lisa , Capolino Rossella , Sinibaldi Lorenzo , Baban Anwar , Putotto Carolina , Alfieri Paolo , Unolt Marta , Lepri Francesca R. , Alesi Viola , Genovese Silvia , Novelli Antonio , Marino Bruno , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHDs) are known to occur in 9%–25% of patients with KBG syndrome. In this study we analyzed the prevalence and anatomic types of CHDs in 46 personal patients with KBG syndrome, carrying pathogenetic variants in ANKRD11 or 16q24.3 deletion, and reviewed CHDs in patients with molecular diagnosis of KBG syndrome from the literature. CHD was diagnosed in 15/40 (38%) patients with ANKRD11 variant, and in one patient with 16q24.3 deletion. Left ventricular outflow tract obstructions have been diagnosed in 9/15 (60%), subaortic or muscular ventricular septal defect in 5/15 (33%), dextrocardia in 1/15 (8%). The single patient with 16q24.3 deletion and CHD had complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) with aortic coarctation. Review of KBG patients from the literature and present series showed that septal defects have been diagnosed in 44% (27/61) of the cases, left ventricular tract obstructions in 31% (19/61), AVSD in 18% (11/61). Septal defects have been diagnosed in 78% of total patients with 16q24.3 deletion. Valvar anomalies are frequently diagnosed, prevalently involving the left side of the heart. A distinctive association with AVSD is identifiable and could represent a marker to suggest the diagnosis in younger patients. In conclusion, after precise molecular diagnosis and systematic cardiological screening the prevalence of CHD in KBG syndrome seems to be higher than previously reported in clinical articles. In addition to septal defects, left‐sided anomalies and AVSD should be considered. Clinical management of KBG syndrome should include accurate and detailed echocardiogram at time of diagnosis.
Retinal vessel density correlates with cognitive function in older adults
Authors: Jiang Hong , Fang Min , Strand Keri , Zhang Juan , Totillo Matthew , Signorile Joseph F. , Wang Jianhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that microvascular alterations in the brain, especially at the capillary level, are one of the major contributors to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. The brain and retinal microvasculature share similar anatomic and physiologic features. Alterations of retinal microvasculature reflect similar changes in brain. We examined the associations between retinal microvascular density, cognition and physical fitness in healthy older adults with no reported cognitive decline.MethodTwenty cognitively normal older adults (age: 70.3 ± 4.6 years) were recruited. Both eyes of each subject were imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography. The vessel density of the retinal vascular network (RVN), superficial vascular plexus (SVP), and deep vascular plexus (DVP) was measured. Cognitive function was tested using the Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while physical performance was evaluated using the YMCA cycle ergometer test. Partial correlations (rpartial ) were computed between measures of retinal microvascular density, cognitive function, and physical performance.ResultThe MoCA was significantly correlated to vessel density of RVN (rpartial = 0.54, P = 0.002) and SVP (rpartial = 0.59, P < 0.001), but not DVP (rpartial = ‐0.01, P = 0.99). MoCA also showed a trend toward correlation with YMCA total work (TW‐YMCA, rpartial = 0.28, P = 0.14). Retinal microvascular density was not related to TW‐YMCA (rpartial= ‐ 0.23 ∼ 0.12, P > 0.05).ConclusionThe MoCA was significantly correlated to vessel density of RVN (rpartial = 0.54, P = 0.002) and SVP (rpartial = 0.59, P < 0.001), but not DVP (rpartial = ‐0.01, P = 0.99). MoCA also showed a trend toward correlation with YMCA total work (TW‐YMCA, rpartial = 0.28, P = 0.14). Retinal microvascular density was not related to TW‐YMCA (rpartial= ‐ 0.23 ∼ 0.12, P > 0.05).
Diagnosing foreign patients in Europe: An EADC‐ISTAART study
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Grazia Alice , Monsch Andreas U , Teipel Stefan J , Frölich Lutz , Winblad Bengt , Cappa Stefano , Sala Sergio Della , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe detection rate of people with neurocognitive disorder is low (20‐50%) even in highly developed countries. Early detection is a global priority (Aim 4 of WHO Global Action Plan on Dementia). Among the barriers to timely diagnosis in Europe is the migration status, which is currently increasing in prevalence, limiting access to specific assessments and care due to language barriers.MethodsWithin a wider European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium (EADC) – ISTAART survey aimed at exploring the implementability of standard neuropsychological assessment in memory clinics, we examined the frequency and modality of assessments of foreign patients across tertiary memory clinics in Europe.ResultsPreliminary data show that in over 50% of EADC memory clinics, for which we have survey returns, foreign patients are assessed frequently (3 of 49 responding sites report daily, and 24/49 report monthly foreign assessments). Countries with more frequent requests are Belgium (4/4 Belgium responders report assessing foreign patients often, i.e. daily or monthly), Croatia (1/1), Czech Republic (1/1), Denmark (1/1), France (3/5), Germany (7/8), Sweden (2/2), Switzerland (4/4), and the United Kingdom (1/2). Only 9/49 centers reported using an interpreter often (>60% of assessed foreign cases). The majority (33/49) translate local tests; however, as many as 19 centers do use culture‐ and language‐specific tests for foreign patients. Discussion: In tertiary European memory clinics, requests for assessments in a foreign language are very frequent, but the testing practices used for this purpose vary across sites. Our survey was conducted in centers of excellence and may not be fully representative: non‐academic centers are expected to be even more heterogeneous in their practices. This survey allows us to define more specific investigations, and to devise interventions to improve detection of neurocognitive disorders among foreign patients.ConclusionActions specifically dedicated to proper assessment of foreign people may contribute to improve early detection of neurocognitive disorders.
Vestibular dysfunction and cognitive skills: Pilot study
Authors: Ribeiro Marlon Bruno Nunes , Mancini Patricia Cotta , Bicalho Maria Aparecida 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundthe association between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive impairment has been pointed out by the literature. Recently, some studies have found an association between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive skills such as attention, memory and visuospatial function,Methodcross‐sectional, observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of elderly people (n=11) aged between 60 and 89 years old, of both sexes witch an average of fours years of schooling, with peripheral vestibulopathy confirmed through exams Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP) and Video Head Impulse Test (v‐HIT). Participants underwent cognitive assessment using The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Instrument (Neupsilin), Pfeffer's Daily Life Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Brazilian version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the Geriatric Depression Scale version of 15 items (GDS‐15).Resultan association was found between the total score of the MMSE with schooling and DHI; FAB with left P16 latency and cervical asymmetry index; the FAQ score correlated with DHI and GDS‐15 with the VAS and BBS scale.ConclusionThere was an association between education and the result of the cognitive screening test. The impact of dizziness on the quality of life of the elderly was observed. Functionality and psychological distress were related to the impact of dizziness on quality of life and body balance.
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation to left DLPFC on attention, inhibition and working memory for people with dementia
Authors: Ho‐yin Lai Frank 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a brain region that has been associated with executive function. In functional perspective, it involves the ability to organize, plan and carry out activities of daily living in an efficient manner.MethodA double‐blinded, randomized case‐control, single session interventional study was conducted to a match group of 24 older adults with dementia and 24 healthy control. Participants were then randomized to either anodal left DLPFC stimulation or sham stimulation . Those recruited subjects were equally randomized to 4 groups of single intervention, namely experimental verum stimulation, experimental sham stimulation, healthy control verum stimulation and health control sham stimulation. The outcome measures included pre‐and‐post stimulation performance‐based measure of executive function (The Home‐based Evaluation of Executive Function; The Home ‐MET), and three well established experimental paradigms of cognitive psychology such as Trail Making Task (TMT), N‐back Task (NBT) and Stroop Test (ST) under different modes of cognitive stimulation.ResultWith age and gender as covariates, the repeated measure ANOVAs of the MET results showed a significant group effect within subjects with F(1, 3) = 5.56, p < .01, with small to medium effect size of partial eta square = .28 with observed power = .92 , p < .05. In univariate general linear model analyses, NBT demonstrated there is significant interaction effect between group and types of stimulation, the univariate F(1, 44) = 8.77 with p = .001, small to medium effect size with partial eta square = .37 with observed power = .99. By multi‐variate general linear model, NBT and TMT together demonstrated there is significant interaction effect between groups, for NBT, the multivariate F(1, 42) = 9.03, p = .001 with partial eta square = .39 with observed power = .99.ConclusionIn this paper we investigate the effect single‐session tDCS may have on impact on performance‐based measure and cognition enhancement by using three well established experimental paradigms of cognitive psychology. Significant difference noted between experimental and health control in verum tDCS stimulation. Interesting, the sham tDCS also demonstrated its effect on executive function enhancement in healthy control but not the dementia subjects.
Cardiorespiratory fitness bolsters cerebrovascular health in adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gaitán Julian M , Dougherty Ryan J , Lose Sarah , Maxa Kaitlin M , Vesperman Clayton J , Cook Dane B , Okonkwo Ozioma C 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations and brain microvascular deficits contribute to progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this series of studies was to evaluate whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) supports cerebrovascular health among individuals at risk for AD.MethodsFour studies were conducted among participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. Both cohorts are enriched for AD risk due to parental history and/or the APOE e4 allele. Study 1 assessed resting cardiac workload via rate pressure product (RPP=systolic blood pressure*heart rate). Study 2 used 4D flow MRI to quantify pulsatility index [PI=(flowmax–flowmin)/flowmean] in cerebral large vessels. Study 3 deployed 3D arterial spin labeling imaging to measure CBF. Study 4 assessed white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesion volume using 3D MRI scans. In these studies, CRF was assessed via gold‐standard graded maximal exercise test or estimated using a validated formula; physical activity (PA) was measured using accelerometry; amyloid and tau were measured from cerebrospinal fluid. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations among the variables of interest in each study.ResultsStudy 1 established a positive association between RPP and p‐tau and t‐tau, but not Ab42. This effect was exacerbated in old age. Study 2 revealed that higher CRF was associated with lower PI in the internal carotid and basilar arteries and that traditional cardiovascular risk factors partly mediate those associations. Study 3 revealed that CRF, but not PA, was positively associated with CBF in brain regions vulnerable to hypoperfusion in aging and AD. This effect was stronger among females. Study 4 revealed that increasing age was associated with WMH lesion volume and that this relationship is attenuated by CRF.ConclusionThese studies support that deleterious cardio‐ and cerebrovascular characteristics associated with AD risk may be ameliorated by CRF, and that age and sex are important modifiers deserving of greater attention in future studies. Notably, CRF appears to exert a stronger effect than PA per se. In sum, CRF is a modifiable physiological characteristic that may reduce cerebrovascular risk in individuals with familial or genetic predisposition to AD.
Identification of novel anti‐Alzheimer’s drugs through inhibition of LRP‐DKK interaction: A computational approach using high throughput virtual screening and molecular dynamics studies
Authors: Prajapat Manisha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundActivation of WNT signalling pathway was involved in a neuroprotective mechanism against amyloid beta toxicity (1). Inhibition of this pathway is associated with GSK‐3 beta activation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal apoptosis (1), (2) and is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (1). DKK‐1 competes with Wnt for the binding to LRP5/6 receptor (3) and disrupts the Wnt‐induced Fzd‐Wnt‐LRP6 complex (4) and thus antagonizes the neuro‐protective effect of WNT. In this study, we have targeted the DKK‐LRP interaction through virtual screening the first time to develop novel anti‐Alzheimer’s agent.MethodBased upon crystal structure information and protein validation using Ramachandran Plots, a crystal structure (PDB: 3S8V) was selected for further works. In this study, we have targeted the surface of LRP 5/6, which is interacting with DKK and grid was generated on LRP. The virtual screening of Asinex database library (N=19642) was done against this grid. Molecules were selected on the basis of good dock score and binding free energy calculation using MMGBSA in Schrodinger GLIDE (5)(6). The protein ligand complex structure stability were also evaluated by molecular dynamic simulation study (7). ADMET profile of the screened ligands were evaluated using Quick prop module of Schrodinger.ResultAfter running the virtual screening protocol (HTVS: SP: XP), 14 compounds were screened out, which showed significant binding top the DKK1 binding interface of LRP. These compounds were further evaluated on basis of docking score and MMGBSA. On the basis of After then on the basis of ADME profile selected 2 compound id ZINC000100138828 and ZINC000247940500 for further molecular dynamic simulation study which were shown the compound ZINC000100138828 had an avg. RMSD of ∼4.0Å, also the RMSF is 2.4 Å for overall protein side chain residue was reduced with reference to the apo form. It is displays rich interaction profile and strength with core binding residues (A: Pro833, B: Tyr706, B: Glu708, B: Arg751 and B: Ile681).ConclusionZINC000100138828 is a potent binder to the DKK1 binding surface on LRP5/6. It needs further in‐vitro and preclinical validation as a potential anti‐Alzheimer’s agent.
Evaluating whether EEG could predict Alzheimer's disease onset in preclinical patients with the ApoE4 allele
Authors: Ma Enze , Kutlu Selin , Kim Nathan , Mitchell Catherine , Vajjala Vimala , Carrazana Enrique , Viereck Jason , Liow Kore 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disease and is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Currently, patients are diagnosed based on memory loss through mental status exams, supportive imaging, and/or laboratory tests. Even though there are no biomarkers or tests available for preclinical patients, the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphic alleles indicate if a patient is at high (e4 allele), neutral (e3 allele), or low risk (e2 allele). In this study, we use electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis in preclinical participants at high genetic risk for AD to determine if there are characteristic EEG changes and/or patterns that may predict progression to AD at the preclinical stage.MethodParticipants ages 64 to 78 were selected from Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience’s patient database. Selected participants had a Mini‐Mental Status Exam score of no lower than 28. Participants were asymptomatic at the time of the study. Each participant also had a genotype study to determine their ApoE genotype (11 participants were e3e3; 3 participants were e3e4; 2 participants were e4e4; 1 participant was e2e4). An EEG was conducted to determine any apparent trends via visual analysis.ResultOf the 18 participants who had received EEGs, 6 (33%) displayed evidence of abnormal focal temporal slowing of some kind. 4 of the 6 (e3e3, e3e3, e3e4, e3e4) displayed focal left temporal slowing, and 2 of the 6 displayed bilateral temporal slowing (e4e4, e3e3), of which one was independent (e4e4). The remaining 12 patients did not display any abnormalities in their EEG study. Of the 11 e3e3 genotype participants, 3 (27%) displayed abnormal slowing. Of the 3 e3e4 genotype participants, 2 (67%) displayed abnormal slowing. Of the 2 e4e4 genotype participants, 1 (50%) displayed abnormal slowing.ConclusionThis study suggests that EEGs may be a potential predictive test for the onset of AD in high‐risk patients, particularly with the ApoE4 allele. Future studies may follow the progression of EEGs in this patient population to determine if our EEG data correlates with future onset of cognitive symptoms. If proven to be successful, EEGs may be an additional, noninvasive tool to detect possible AD before progression to permanent memory loss.