bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hope that provides strength in illness–patients’ perspectives: Nursing students’ narratives after conversation with patients
Authors: Kuven Britt Moene , Giske Tove 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this article is to explore sources of hope for patients by using patients’ narratives and perspectives on how they find hope when facing illness. Hope enables people to endure suffering and can be critical to how people cope with illness. Hope is not a singular phenomenon, so nurses need to understand how to support the patients’ sources of hope.MethodsWe used a qualitatively descriptive design with qualitative content analysis. We examined reflective notes from 385 first‐year nursing students after they had had a conversation with patients with disease experiences following Graneheim and Lundman's description of analysis. The conversation with the patients/persons was related to sources of hope and strength, who they turned to when they needed help, and if they were available. After the conversation, the students had to write a reflective log with a summary of the conversation.ResultsWe found four categories that explained how patients found hope: (1) relational hope, (2) spiritual hope, (3) hope in nature and (4) hope in oneself. Most of the patients found hope in more than one of these categories.ConclusionIt is important for nursing to have knowledge about patients’ narratives about how they build and sustain hope during times of illness. Nursing can contribute to promoting hope and thus alleviating patients’ suffering. The four categories in this study can serve as a guide for nurses to assess and support patients’ hope and encourage them to find their strength through different sources.
Measurement of primary care providers’ suicide prevention skills following didactic education
Authors: Cross Wendi F. , West Jennifer C. , Crean Hugh F. , Rosenberg Elyse , LaVigne Timothy , Caine Eric D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlmost half of individuals who die by suicide have had contact with primary care (PC) services within 1 month of their death. PC providers must be able to assess and manage patients’ suicidal ideation, intent, and behaviors. When didactic training is provided to providers, it is assumed that their requisite skills are well developed. The current study assessed observed skills following high‐quality online didactics.MethodMedical residents and nurse practitioner (NP) trainees (n = 127) participated in online didactic training as part of their education program, followed by a standardized patient interaction conducted to assess demonstrated suicide prevention skills (i.e., assessment of risk factors, protective factors, suicidal ideation and behavior, safety planning).ResultsParticipants demonstrated only about 50% of the possible total skills in most domains and were least competent in assessing potential risk for suicide. Regression analyses showed that residents were rated significantly higher than NPs on observed skills. Personal experience with suicide was not associated with any observed skills. Baseline knowledge scores were positively associated with some skills while elapsed days since completion of didactics were negatively associated with skills.ConclusionsDidactics were insufficient for building suicide‐specific assessment skills among physicians and nurses in advanced training.
Numerical Studies on Turbulent Flow Field in a 90 deg Pipe Bend
Authors: Dutta Prasun , Chattopadhyay Himadri , Nandi Nityananda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the modeling of turbulent flow through a 90 deg pipe bend using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (U-RANS) approach where k–ε model is used for turbulence closure. While limitations in solving complex flows of the k–ε model have been reported in the literature, this study demonstrates that for pipe flows with curvature, the k–ε model performs reasonably well. Investigations have been carried out to find out the influence of Reynolds number (Re) and bend curvature ratio (Rc/D) on turbulent flow parameters, namely, instantaneous axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent intensity, and wall shear stress. Bend curvature is found to strongly influence the turbulent flow characteristics, while no such high Reynolds number dependency is observed in this study range. In general, this paper presents a computationally cost-effective numerical study on the time averaged turbulent flow field in a 90 deg pipe bend, which may be used for the design and development of 90 deg pipe bends at a high Reynolds number regime.
Simulation of a Centrifugal Pump Based on a Lagrangian Particle Solver
Authors: Wang Feng , Sun Zhongguo , Sun Yijie , Zhang Kai , Xi Guang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional full-scale centrifugal pump is simulated using the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. The generic smoothed wall (GSW) boundary is used and extended to three dimensions to address complicated wall shapes and thin-walled structures such as blades in turbomachines. The nonsurface detection technique (NSD) based on conceptual particles is introduced to avoid the loss of the particle-number-density near wall boundaries. A generic approach that can transfer arbitrary CAD models to wall-particle models is established by utilizing the nodal information of the shell mesh. An adaptative resolution technique is proposed by using fine and coarse particles to model the wall boundary with complex geometry. Fine and coarse particles are applied to curved and flat surfaces, respectively, to reduce the computational cost while maintaining high discretizing precision. A criterion based on the normal smooth angle (NSA) is defined to evaluate the local or global precision of established models and provide instructions for refinement. A fully-developed velocity inflow boundary based on 3D inlet rings and pressure outflow boundary based on the moving virtual wall is implemented. Three typical cases including hydrostatic cases with a typical geometry, flow over a two-dimensional backward-facing step, and flow over a three-dimensional tube are tested to verify the proposed models. A particle-based framework to simulate incompressible fluid machines, in which flow fields can be integrally discretized and solved within a single coordinate system, is established. The results are compared with those of the fine volume method and satisfactory agreements are observed.
Simplified Lumped Parameter Model for Oscillatory Flow in an Elastic Tube: A Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Soni Bharat , Suri Anshul , Nayak Ameeya Kumar , Miguel Antonio F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this article, the significant characteristics of wave transmission and boundary layer influence are studied for an incompressible fluid flowing through a long elastic tube using lumped parameter model. An ameliorated version of the lumped parameter model is derived, where the flow impedance is linked with Womersley number to understand the phenomena of fluid wall interaction, especially in human airways. To analyze the flow phenomena through tubes, the flow governing equations are transformed through the Bessel series. We have observed that for the low value of Womersley number, there is a phase difference between pressure and flowrate, which produces a frequency-dependent flow impedance. The physiological relevance of this result is especially shown in the nasal-pharynx during breathing. The results are validated by ansys-based numerical simulation as well as by experimental results.
Gender Representation at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games From an Australian Broadcast Perspective
Authors: Scott Olan K.M. , Li Bo (Norman) , Mighton Stephen 
Published: January 2022

This study examined differences in the Seven Network’s primetime coverage of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games on all of its channels. Over 102 hr of total coverage was analyzed for clock time, name mentions, and the descriptions of athletes by announcers divided by gender. Results found that male athletes received the bulk of the clock time; 13 of the top 20 most-mentioned athletes were men. There were also gender differences in the word for word descriptors of success, failure, physicality, and personality. From a theoretical perspective, results found the framing of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games to favor male Olympians. The top three sports that were broadcast featuring women were ice hockey, freestyle skiing, and snowboarding, which differs from other studies in this line of scholarship, so differences in the sports covered in the Australian context provides a unique context to study the Winter Olympics. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Infantile onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis
Authors: Eltoum Ali , O'Rourke Declan , Sharif Farhana 
Published: January 2022

A 3½-year-old girl, presented with delayed motor development and increased tone in lower limbs along with tight tendoachilles, toe walking and bilateral clonus. There were normal antenatal and perinatal period, however, after birth there was twitching of her lower limbs. Examination showed lower limb spasticity.Brain and spinal MRI along with EEG were normal. Serum amino acids revealed hyperprolinemia type 1. Hereditary spastic paraplegia gene panel confirmed a homozygous pathogenic variant inALS2gene, confirming a diagnosis of infantile onset ascending hereditary spastic paraparesis. She was fitted with ankle-foot orthotics, uses a Kaye walker and is on baclofen and diazepam as she can experience spasticity and painful muscle cramps. She is being managed by a multidisciplinary team involving paediatrician, paediatric neurologist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech and language therapist, dietitian and social worker. Infantile onset ascending hereditary spastic paraplegia represents a rare cause of early onset spasticity with a progressive prognosis.
Longitudinal functional status trajectories and its predictors among postpartum women with and without maternal morbidities in Northwest Ethiopia: a group based multi-trajectory modelling
Authors: Malaju Marelign Tilahun , Alene Getu Degu , Azale Telake 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionUnlike physiological recovery, return to full functional status following childbirth takes longer than 6 weeks (42 days) of the traditionally defined postnatal period, and women with maternal morbidity usually require a longer period to recover. However, the extent to which this morbidity collectively impacts on women’s functional status is not well investigated in Ethiopia. We aim to determine the distinct trajectories and predictors of functional status among postpartum women in Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsHealth facility linked community-based follow-up study was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia from October 2020–March 2021. A sample of 779 delivering women was recruited after childbirth and before discharge using the criteria published by the WHO Maternal Morbidity Working Group. Functional status was measured by the Amharic version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) instrument. The Stata Traj package was used to determine trajectories of functional status using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of trajectory group membership.ResultsA total of 775 women participated at the first, second and third follow-up of the study (6thweek, 12thweek and 18thweek of postpartum period). Three distinct functional status trajectory groups with different longitudinal patterns were identified across the six domains of WHODAS 2.0. Direct and indirect maternal morbidities, lower educational status, poor social support, vaginal delivery, stress, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder and fear of childbirth were found to be predictors of poor functioning trajectories.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and treatment of maternal morbidities and mental health problems, developing encouraging strategies for social support and providing health education or counselling for women with less or no education are essential to improve functioning trajectories of postpartum women.
Survey on the perceptions of UK gastroenterologists and endoscopists to artificial intelligence
Authors: Kader Rawen , Baggaley Rebecca F , Hussein Mohamed , Ahmad Omer F , Patel Nisha , Corbett Gareth , Dolwani Sunil , Stoyanov Danail , Lovat Laurence B 
Published: January 2022

Background and aimsWith the potential integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical practice, it is essential to understand end users’ perception of this novel technology. The aim of this study, which was endorsed by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), was to evaluate the UK gastroenterology and endoscopy communities’ views on AI.MethodsAn online survey was developed and disseminated to gastroenterologists and endoscopists across the UK.ResultsOne hundred four participants completed the survey. Quality improvement in endoscopy (97%) and better endoscopic diagnosis (92%) were perceived as the most beneficial applications of AI to clinical practice. The most significant challenges were accountability for incorrect diagnoses (85%) and potential bias of algorithms (82%). A lack of guidelines (92%) was identified as the greatest barrier to adopting AI in routine clinical practice. Participants identified real-time endoscopic image diagnosis (95%) as a research priority for AI, while the most perceived significant barriers to AI research were funding (82%) and the availability of annotated data (76%). Participants consider the priorities for the BSG AI Task Force to be identifying research priorities (96%), guidelines for adopting AI devices in clinical practice (93%) and supporting the delivery of multicentre clinical trials (91%).ConclusionThis survey has identified views from the UK gastroenterology and endoscopy community regarding AI in clinical practice and research, and identified priorities for the newly formed BSG AI Task Force.
Faster than light (microscopy): superiority of digital pathology over microscopy for assessment of immunohistochemistry
Authors: Clarke Emily , Doherty Daniel , Randell Rebecca , Grek Jonathan , Thomas Rhys , Ruddle Roy A , Treanor Darren 
Published: January 2022

AimsDigital pathology offers the potential for significant benefits in diagnostic pathology, but currently the efficiency of slide viewing is a barrier to adoption. We hypothesised that presenting digital slides for simultaneous viewing of multiple sections of tissue for comparison, as in those with immunohistochemical panels, would allow pathologists to review cases more quickly.MethodsNovel software was developed to view synchronised parallel tissue sections on a digital pathology workstation. Sixteen histopathologists reviewed three liver biopsy cases including an immunohistochemical panel using the digital microscope, and three different liver biopsy cases including an immunohistochemical panel using the light microscope. The order of cases and interface was fully counterbalanced. Time to diagnosis was recorded and mean times are presented as data approximated to a normalised distribution.ResultsMean time to diagnosis was 4 min 3 s using the digital microscope and 5 min 24 s using the light microscope, saving 1 min 21 s (95% CI 16 s to 2 min 26 s; p=0.02), using the digital microscope. Overall normalised mean time to diagnosis was 85% on the digital pathology workstation compared with 115% on the microscope, a relative reduction of 26%.ConclusionsWith appropriate interface design, it is quicker to review immunohistochemical slides using a digital microscope than the conventional light microscope, without incurring any major diagnostic errors. As digital pathology becomes more integrated with routine clinical workflow and pathologists increase their experience of the technology, it is anticipated that other tasks will also become more time-efficient.
Coronial postmortem reports and indirect COVID-19 pandemic-related mortality
Authors: Pell Robert , Suvarna S Kim , Cooper Nigel , Rutty Guy , Green Anna , Osborn Michael , Johnson Peter , Hayward Alison , Durno Justine , Estrin-Serlui Theodore , Mafham Marion , Roberts Ian S D 
Published: January 2022

AimsWidespread disruption of healthcare services and excess mortality not directly attributed to COVID-19 occurred between March and May 2020. We undertook the first UK multicentre study of coroners’ autopsies before and during this period using postmortem reports.MethodsWe reviewed reports of non-forensic coroners’ autopsies performed during the first COVID-19 lockdown (23 March to 8 May 2020), and the same period in 2018. Deaths were categorised as natural non-COVID-19, COVID-19-related, non-natural (suicide, drug and alcohol-related, traumatic, other). We provided opinion regarding whether delayed access to medical care or changes in behaviour due to lockdown were a potential factor in deaths.ResultsSeven centres covering nine coronial jurisdictions submitted a total of 1100 coroners’ autopsies (498 in 2018, 602 in 2020). In only 54 autopsies was death attributed to COVID-19 (9%). We identified a significant increase in cases where delays in accessing medical care potentially contributed to death (10 in 2018, 44 in 2020). Lockdown was a contributing factor in a proportion of suicides (24%) and drug and alcohol-related deaths (12%).ConclusionsPostmortem reports have considerable utility in evaluating excess mortality due to healthcare and wider societal disruption during a pandemic. They provide information at an individual case level that is not available from assessment of death certification data. Detailed evaluation of coroners’ autopsy reports, supported by appropriate regulatory oversight, is recommended to mitigate disruption and indirect causes of mortality in future pandemics. Maintaining access to healthcare, including substance misuse and mental health services, is an important consideration.
GATA3 positivity is associated with poor prognosis in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chi Zhikai , Balani Jyoti , Gopal Purva , Hammer Suntrea , Xu Jing , Peng Lan 
Published: January 2022

AimsGATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a zinc finger transcription factor with diverse biological functions and is an excellent diagnostic marker for breast and urothelial carcinoma. We aimed to study GATA3 expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its significance with respect to histological features, clinical parameters and overall survival.MethodsWe characterised GATA3 immunohistochemistry in 40 patients with oesophageal SCC. Electronic medical records were reviewed for clinical and follow-up information, as well as patient survival.ResultsEleven (28%) oesophageal SCC were positive for GATA3. The predominant stain patterns were patchy, with either mild or moderate intensities. Patients with GATA3-positive tumours showed significantly shorter overall survival than those with GATA3-negative tumours (p=0.023, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, GATA3 positivity was an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (p=0.019, HR 5.671). Surgery, definitive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and initial clinical stage were confirmed as independent prognostic factors.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the incidence of GATA3 positivity in oesophageal SCC and showed GATA3 positivity is associated with poor prognosis in oesophageal SCC.
Biocolonial pregnancies: Louise Erdrich’sFuture Home of the Living God(2017)
Authors: Kemball Anna 
Published: January 2022

This article argues that the health humanities must examine biocolonialism (and representations thereof) if it is to attend to Native American experiences of reproductive healthcare in the USA. Reproductive healthcare abuses are brought into dialogue with Native American resistance to Western biomedical sciences inFuture Home of the Living God(2017) by Louise Erdrich (Ojibwe). Written over the course of two reinstatements of the Mexico City Policy, Erdrich’s novel invites a consideration of biocolonialism in relation to the exploitation and policing of female bodies.After a discussion of bioprospecting and female bodies, I frame unethical practices of reproductive healthcare and sterilisation as biocolonial acts. The experience of the novel’s protagonist, Cedar Hawk Songmaker, will be situated alongside the broader ways in which Native Americans are subjected to surveillance. Second, this article proposes that speculative fiction allows for a temporal reframing of the colonial histories of Indigenous healthcare. As she narrates a world in which evolution ‘is running backward’, Cedar employs narrative reversals to resist the linear narrative of progress and ‘discovery’ associated with biomedical sciences.The radically changing structures of a dystopian state, as well as the revelation of her biological inheritance, complicate the cultural and medical frameworks within which Cedar narrates her pregnancy. A challenge faced by the health humanities is how the discipline might theorise ongoing, interrelated forms of domination such as those which position female Indigenous bodies as ‘new colonies’. But, as I will argue, the mobilisation of Indigenous narrative forms and cultural frameworks offer productive directions for future work within the global health humanities.
The botulinum neurotoxin for pain control after breast reconstruction: neural distribution of the pectoralis major muscle
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Hyoung-Moon , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe use of the botulinum neurotoxin injection is a growing area of research and clinical activity, with a focus on its role in facilitating postoperative pain management after reconstructive breast surgery. The study aimed to find out the standard injection points for botulinum neurotoxin injection by revealing the intramuscular nerve arborization of the pectoralis major.MethodsSihler’s technique was conducted on the pectoralis major muscles (16 cadaveric specimens). The intramuscular nerve arborization was documented relative to the inferior border of the clavicle bone and lateral border of the sternum.ResultsAfter the staining, the pectoralis major was divided into fifths transversely from the inferior border of the clavicle and vertically into fifths from the lateral border of the sternum. Intramuscular nerve arborization of the pectoralis major muscle was the largest in the middle sections of the muscle belly.DiscussionThe results indicate that botulinum neurotoxin should be applied to the pectoralis major in certain regions. The regions of major arborization are optimal as the most effective and most reliable points for injecting botulinum neurotoxin.
Estimation of periodic annual increment of tree ring widths by airborne laser scanning
Authors: Maltamo Matti , Vartiainen Petteri , Packalen Petteri , Korhonen Lauri 
Published: January 2022

Most forest growth studies using airborne laser scanning (ALS) consider how the changes in forest attributes are observed in repeated ALS data acquisitions, but the prediction of future forest growth from ALS data is still a rarely discussed topic. This study examined the prediction of the periodic annual increment (PAI) of the width of tree rings over a period of 10 years. The requirement for this approach is that ALS data are acquired at the beginning of the growth period. This is followed by field measurements of growth by drilling after a given growth period. The PAI was modelled in terms of ALS metrics by using the principle of the area-based approach. The metrics related to intensity were particularly significant as predictors, whereas the effective leaf area index was not. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the predictions was slightly over 21%. Additional field information (soil type, management operations) improved the RMSE by 2.7 percentage units.