bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current issues of the pharmacognostic study <i>Monarda fistulosa</i> L. herb
Authors: Tsibina Anastasiya S. , Kurkin Vladimir A. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The Monarda fistulosa L. is successfully cultivated in Russia. The herbs of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus serpyllum and Origanum vulgare are used as agents with antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, it is due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol in the raw material. However Monarda fistulosa is not inferior to the listed plants.
AIM: The aim is to study the chemical composition, to identify significant morphological, anatomical and chemical signs of raw materials for diagnostics, as well as to develop methods to standardize the herb of Monarda fistulosa in accordance with the modern requirements of pharmaceutical analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The herb of Monarda fistulosa was harvested during the period of mass flowering in the Botanical Garden of Samara University in 2016-2019. Morphological and anatomical examination was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light. Luminescence microscopy was carried out on a luminescence microscope Altami LUM 2. Individual substances were isolated by column chromatography. The 13C NMR spectra was evaluated by means of the instrument Bruker DRX 500, and Bruker AM 300 was used to record 1H NMR spectra. Mass spectra were recorded on mass spectrometer Kratos MS-30; UV spectra were recorded using a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena).
RESULTS: This paper discusses the results of research in the field of standardization of raw materials for Monarda fistulosa. As a result of the experimental work, characteristic anatomical and morphological features of the plant were determined. For the first time, the dominant flavonoids like isoroifolin, linarin, and other flavonoids like didimine, acacetin, apigenin were isolated from the herb of the studied raw material. The authors isolated a new natural compound 5-O-rutinoside apigenin from the herb of Monarda fistulosa. Methods for the qualitative analysis of the herb Monarda fistulosa have been developed using thin-layer chromatography (in the presence of thymol and rutin) and spectrophotometry (absorption maxima at a wavelength of 270 2 and 330 2 nm). A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the total flavonoid content in the herb Monarda fistulosa L. using differential spectrophotometry at the analytical wavelength of 394 nm.
CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results were used in the drafting of the pharmacopoeial monograph for the new type of raw material Monarda fistulosa L. herb.
Analysis of drugs assortment and their consumption in older age patients diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Gladunova Elena P. , Shirobokov Yaroslav E. , Borodulina Elena A. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: To identify the features of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) treatment in older working age individuals the analysis of the drugs assortment and treatment schemes used in COVID hospitals in Samara was carried out.
AIM: The purpose of the research was to study the drugs used to treat senior patients in the hospitals of Samara Region, to identify the main drugs, to form a range of medical preparations and to predict the volume of their consumption.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study carried out a retrospective analysis of 218 cases of patients with coronavirus infection treated in Samara medical institutions from May till July 2020.
RESULTS: The main symptoms, comorbidities, the average duration of symptom manifestation prior to admission in both groups of patients, as well as the essential drugs used to treat the infection have been identified.
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the studied drugs used for the treatment of coronavirus infections should form the basis for the formation of an optimal range of drugs, forecasting the need for drugs in the light of scientifical pharmacoeconomic approaches.
Viroinformatics study: polytope mapping of envelope glycoprotein to tackle HIV-2 infection and develop vaccine candidate
Authors: Kharisma Viol Dhea , Widyananda Muhammad Hermawan , Probojati Rasyadan Taufiq , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Murtadlo Ahmad Affan Ali , Tamam Muhammad Badrut , Wicaksono Adhityo , Turista Dora Dayu Rahma 
Published: April 2022

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) has been identified to exhibit an ability to resist antiretroviral administration and many scientists has predicted increases in the pathogenicity of HIV-2. The development of a vaccine against the type 1 virus (HIV-1) infection has reached the phase 3 clinical trial stage, but currently there is no information on the development of a vaccine against HIV-2. Vaccine development to trigger an increase in the coverage of the expansion of protection can be done through B cell polytope. This study aims to provide an important preliminary for the construction of vaccine candidates by identifying the peptides that make up the B cell polytope in the HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein region. The HIV-2 sequence was obtained from the database. The study followed by 3D modelling, prediction of linear B-cell epitope mapping, antigenicity, allergenicity, peptide properties, and immune simulation was carried out via a webserver. The 3D structure of the peptide was displayed through molecular visualization software. The results showed that the 23-mer peptides E1 'HPRYTGVKNIRDITLTEPGRGSD', F1 'NFIENRKGTQHN' 12-mer, M1 'YLKDQARLNS' 10-mer, N1 'PWVNDSIQPNWNNMTWQQWELQVRD' 25-mer, and O1 'KLQNSWNMGVQTO' can be used as a candidate polytope HIV-2 vaccine because it is recognized by B cells is an antigenic peptide with stable molecule, non-allergenic. The peptides trigger proliferation and activation of B cells to produces a humoral response and work as functionally protective antibody for neutralization of HIV-2.
Key words: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, B-cell, Bioinformatics, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Retrovirus
Shoreline Change Analysis of Hooghly Estuary Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data and Digital Shoreline Analysis System
Authors: Dutta Dibyendu , Kumar Tanumi , Jayaram Chiranjivi , Akram Wasim 
Published: April 2022

Long-term (1973–2021) shoreline displacement, rate of change, and temporal pattern were examined using multi-date Landsat data and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) along the 200 km coast of Hooghly estuary. Orthogonal transects of 100 m apart were casted for calculation of End Point Rate and Weighted Linear Regression rate on different temporal scales for seven analysis zones. The shoreline change pattern was established using Hierarchical agglomerative clustering. The study reveals that almost 43.45% of the beachfront has eroded and 56.55% has accreted during the past four decades. The average erosion rate varies between −0.01 and −13.71 m yr.−1 and accretion of −0.01 to −22.30 m yr.−1. The littoral drift resulted in a maximum seaward aggression by 1096.89 m in the zone 1. Landward movement was maximum (−602.96 m) in the zone 4. Although west bank is prograding @ 3.47 m yr.−1 (±5.83), the east bank is eroding @ 1.30 m yr.−1 (±4.08). Based on the cluster analysis about –1.87% of the shoreline exhibits consistent erosion over all the intervals, whereas trend was evident in 4.73% of the coastline. The portions of coastlines, which exhibit high erosion rate and consistent erosion need immediate attention and policy intervention.
Maternal self-efficacy and emotional well-being in Chilean adolescent mothers: the relationship with their children’s social-emotional development
Authors: Léniz-Maturana Laura , Vilaseca Rosa , Leiva David 
Published: April 2022

Background
Low maternal self-efficacy and high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress can be triggered in adolescent mothers due to an incomplete development process that makes them physically or psychologically unprepared for the responsibilities of motherhood and parenting. These factors may be linked to difficulties with their children’s social-emotional development. The present study aims to: (a) analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and stress, depression, and anxiety levels in low-income adolescent mothers; (b) examine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and well-being with children’s social-emotional development; and (c) describe the effects of maternal self-efficacy on children’s social-emotional development, mediated by maternal well-being.

Methods
A sample of 79 dyads comprising low-income Chilean adolescent mothers aged from 15 to 21 years old (M = 19.1, SD = 1.66) and their children aged 10 to 24 months (M = 15.5, SD = 4.2) participated in this research. A set of psychometric scales was used to measure maternal self-efficacy (Parental Evaluation Scale, EEP), the mothers’ anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), maternal stress (Parental Stress Scale, PSS), and the children’s social-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Socio-emotional, ASQ-SE). Bivariate analyses and mediation models were employed to estimate and test the relevant relationships.

Results
A bivariate analysis showed that maternal self-efficacy was negatively related to the mother’s anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and maternal stress, and children’s self-regulation and social-emotional development. Maternal self-efficacy, mediated by maternal anxiety, depression, and stress scores, had a significant effect on the development of children’s self-regulation.

Conclusions
The results confirm the importance of adolescent mothers’ emotional well-being and maternal self- efficacy with respect to their children’s social-emotional development. This makes it necessary to have detailed information about how emotional and self-perception status influences a mother’s role in the development of her children.
Icaritin attenuates 6-OHDA-induced MN9D cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Huang Nanqu , Hou Xiaoyi , Zhu Li , Xie Yiman , Ba Zhisheng , Luo Yong 
Published: April 2022

Background
We assessed whether ICT can alleviate 6-OHDA-induced cell damage via inhibition of oxidative stress by evaluating the protective effect of icaritin (ICT) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced MN9D cell damage and further determined the mechanism by which ICT reduces oxidative stress.

Methods
MN9D cells were treated with 6-OHDA, to study the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ICT. MN9D cell damage was assessed by the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry was performed to measure the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit was used to evaluate SOD activity, and Western blotting was used to measure the expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn), Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Results
ICT reduced damage to MN9D cells induced by 6-OHDA. ICT increased SOD activity and TH expression and reduced ROS production and α-Syn expression. ICT promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further increased the protein expression of HO-1.

Conclusions
ICT protects against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell injury by attenuating oxidative stress, and the mechanism is related to modulate the activities of Nrf2, HO-1 protein, and SOD.
Response of Timber Yield, Biomass, CAI and Carbon Sequestration to Varied Pruning Intensities of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. in Agrisilviculture System in Central India
Authors: Kar Satyajeet , Sahu M. L. , Bajpai R. , Agrawal S. B. , Singh R. B. , Rout Sandeep 
Published: April 2022

In Central India, an experiment was carried out on a 22 year old Dalbergia sissoo based agrisilviculture model in 2020-21 to investigate the response of different pruning intensities on Rabi seasonal diameter growth, timber production, CAI of total biomass, and carbon sequestration potential. Each year, paddy followed by wheat is grown under trees spaced at 5m × 5m continuously being treated with four different pruning intensities, i.e., 0% (P0: No pruning), 25% (P25: Light pruning), 50% (P50: Moderate pruning) and 75% (P75: Heavy pruning) of the total tree height. It was reported that different rates of pruning had a significant effect. Maximum Rabi seasonal D.B.H. increment was recorded in P0 (0.68 cm) and minimum in P75 (0.49 cm). Maximum seasonal yield of large-sized timber, small-sized timber, and fuelwood (5.80 m3 ha-1, 0.62 m3 ha-1 and 7.48 q ha-1, respectively) were recorded under light pruning treatment (P25). However, the minimum seasonal yield of large-sized timber and fuelwood (5.80 m3 ha-1 and 5.14 q ha-1, respectively) were under heavy pruning (P75) and the minimum seasonal yield of small-sized timber (0.32 m3 ha-1) under moderate pruning (P50). Maximum annual above-ground biomass, annual below-ground biomass and current annual increment of total biomass (171.63 q ha-1 yr-1, 34.33 q ha-1 yr-1, and 205.95 t ha-1 respectively) were recorded under light pruning treatment (P25), while minimum (84.50 q ha-1 yr-1, 16.90 q ha-1 yr-1 and 101.40 t ha-1 respectively) under heavy pruning (P75). Carbon sequestration potential was reported to be higher with light pruning (92.68 q ha-1 yr-1), followed by moderate pruning (63.69 q ha-1 yr-1), while minimum under heavy pruning (45.63 q ha-1 yr-1) and no pruning (46.91 q ha-1 yr-1) at all. It was concluded that light pruning of 25% was best among the four treatments in terms of timber and biomass yield.
Impact of Rainfall Trend on Irrigated Agriculture of Narayanapura Command in a Semi-Arid Region of South India
Authors: Abhilash R. , Venkatesh B. , Srinivasa C. V. , Rajaput Mohansing 
Published: April 2022

Water demands have been exacerbated by the uncertainty in rainfall occurrences and distribution due to various factors in a changing climate and growing population. The irrigation sector has the highest water demand, accounting for 85 percent of total water use in Karnataka. Rainfall plays a critical part in meeting irrigation needs. To effectively allocate and manage water resources for command area management, examining rainfall patterns, distribution of rainfall trends, both regional and temporal variations is necessary. Hence, the primary focus of this research is to investigate the impact of rainfall trends on agricultural water requirements for a typical study area in semi-arid region.
To assess the rainfall trend, time-series statistical trend tests called Mann–Kendall (MK) test and the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) approach are used to examine the spatio-temporal distributions of long-term rainfall patterns for the Narayanapura command region. The results are then geo-processed to examine the spatial distribution of trends using the isohyetal concept. The findings illustrate the spatial distribution of rainfall trend for the command in a semi-arid region on a monthly, monsoon, and annual basis.
Spatio-temporal analyses from both methodologies indicates the trend in rainfall pattern is decreasing annually and in monsoon months, with a rising trend for pre-monsoon showers. The trend variation pattern also reveals periodic oscillation alignment in the direction of south-west monsoon movement. According to MK test results, monsoon rainfall is anticipated to decrease by 12 percent by 2047, and by 21 percent from ITA results. Further, impact analysis indicates that, for every unit millimeter of rainfall deficit, there would be a 62 Ha-m increase in irrigation water demand.
PENGARUH SERVANT LEADERSHIP TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT DI RESTORAN SHABURI & KINTAN BUFFET SURABAYA
Authors: Agatha Sharon Cornelia , Go Mario Armando Bryian 
Published: April 2022

Company leaders are responsible for improving employee performance by increasing employee involvement on the job. The right leadership style enhances employee performance because it causes employees to feel motivated. This study aims to explain the influence of servant leadership on employee performance through employee engagement at Shaburi & Kintan Buffet Restaurants in Surabaya. This type of research is quantitative research, and research variables include servant leadership, employee engagement, and employee performance. The number of samples is 60 employees. The data collection techniques used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used a structural equation model with the PLS. This study's findings indicate that servant leadership directly affects employee engagement but does not directly affect employee performance. On the other hand, employee engagement directly affects employee performance. Therefore, employee engagement is a variable that mediates the influence of servant leadership on employee performance.
Abstrak
Pimpinan perusahaan memiliki tanggung jawab meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dengan meningkatkan keterlibatan karyawan pada pekerjaan. Gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat dinilai akan mampu meningkatkan kinerja karyawan karena menyebabkan karyawan merasa termotivasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan pengaruh servant leadership terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui employee engagement pada Restoran Shaburi & Kintan Buffet di Surabaya. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif, variabel penelitian meliputi: servant leadership, employee engagement, dan kinerja karyawan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 karyawan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan structural equation model dengan program PLS. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan: servant leadership berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap employee engagement, tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kinerja karyawan. Employee engagement berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kinerja karyawan. Employee engagement adalah variabel yang memediasi pengaruh servant leadership terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Dosimetric evaluation of cone‐beam CT‐based synthetic CTs in pediatric patients undergoing intensity‐modulated proton therapy
Authors: Sheikh Khadija , Liu Dezhi , Li Heng , Acharya Sahaja , Ladra Matthew M. , Hrinivich William T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate dosimetric changes detected using synthetic computed tomography (sCT) derived from online cone‐beam CTs (CBCT) in pediatric patients treated using intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT).MethodsTen pediatric patients undergoing IMPT and aligned daily using proton gantry‐mounted CBCT were identified for retrospective analysis with treated anatomical sites fully encompassed in the CBCT field of view. Dates were identified when the patient received both a CBCT and a quality assurance CT (qCT) for routine dosimetric evaluation. sCTs were generated based on a deformable registration between the initial plan CT (pCT) and CBCT. The clinical IMPT plans were re‐computed on the same day qCT and sCT, and dosimetric changes due to tissue change or response from the initial plan were computed using each image. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between dosimetric changes detected using the qCT and the sCT. Gamma analysis was also used to compare the dose distributions computed on the qCT and sCT.ResultsThe correlation coefficients (p‐values) between qCTs and sCTs for changes detected in target coverage, overall maximum dose, and organ at risk dose were 0.97 (< .001), 0.84 (.002) and 0.91 (< .001), respectively. Mean ± SD gamma pass rates of the sCT‐based dose compared to the qCT‐based dose at 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm criteria were 96.5%±4.5%, 93.2%±6.3%, and 91.3%±7.8%, respectively. Pass rates tended to be lower for targets near lung.ConclusionWhile insufficient for re‐planning, sCTs provide approximate dosimetry without administering additional imaging dose in pediatric patients undergoing IMPT. Dosimetric changes detected using sCTs are correlated with changes detected using clinically‐standard qCTs; however, residual differences in dosimetry remain a limitation. Further improvements in sCT image quality may both improve online dosimetric evaluation and reduce imaging dose for pediatric patients by reducing the need for routine qCTs.
Reactogenicity of the Messenger RNA SARS–CoV‐2 Vaccines Associated With Immunogenicity in Patients With Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Yang Monica M. , Taylor Kimberly E. , Paez Diana , Carividi Alex , Demissie Emanuel , Pawar Niti , El‐Qunni Alia A. , McMorrow Lily E. , Schriefer Rebecca E. , Huang Katherine , Kinnett Baylee , Klebert Michael , Haile Alem , O'Halloran Jane A. , Presti Rachel M. , Kim Wooseob , Ellebedy Ali H. , Ciorba Matthew A. , Paley Michael A. , Deepak Parakkal , Kim Alfred H. J. , Katz Patricia , Matloubian Mehrdad , Nakamura Mary , Gensler Lianne S. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveLittle is known regarding the reactogenicity and related SARS–CoV‐2 vaccine response in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID). Our objective was to characterize the adverse event profile of CID patients following SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination and understand the relationship between reactogenicity and immunogenicity of SARS–CoV‐2 vaccines.MethodsCID patients and healthy controls eligible to receive messenger RNA (mRNA) SARS–CoV‐2 vaccines participated in 3 study visits (pre‐vaccine, after dose 1, and after dose 2) in which blood and clinical data were collected. Assessment of adverse events were solicited within 7 days of receiving each dose. Serum anti–SARS–CoV‐2 spike IgG ± antibody titers were quantified following vaccination. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing mixed models and tobit regressions, with adjustment for covariates.ResultsThe present study included 441 participants (322 CID patients and 119 control subjects). Compared to controls, CID patients reported greater symptom severity after dose 1 (P = 0.0001), including more myalgia and fatigue (P < 0.05). For immunogenicity, a higher symptom severity after dose 1 and a higher number of symptoms after dose 2 was associated with higher antibody titers (P ≤ 0.05). Each increase of 1 symptom was associated with a 15.1% increase in antibody titer. Symptom association was strongest with site pain after dose 1 (105%; P = 0.03) and fatigue after dose 2 (113%; P = 0.004).ConclusionPatients with CID have a distinct reactogenicity profile following SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination compared to controls. Furthermore, there is an association between increased reactogenicity and increased vaccine response. This finding may speak to the more variable immunogenicity in CID patients and may be an important indicator of vaccine response to the novel SARS–CoV‐2 vaccines.