bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are some effector systems harder to switch to? In search of cost asymmetries when switching between manual, vocal, and oculomotor tasks
Authors: Hoffmann Mareike A. , Koch Iring , Huestegge Lynn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn task-switching studies, performance is typically worse in task-switch trials than in task-repetition trials. These switch costs are often asymmetrical, a phenomenon that has been explained by referring to a dominance of one task over the other. Previous studies also indicated that response modalities associated with two tasks may be considered as integral components for defining a task set. However, a systematic assessment of the role of response modalities in task switching is still lacking: Are some response modalities harder to switch to than others? The present study systematically examined switch costs when combining tasks that differ only with respect to their associated effector systems. In Experiment 1, 16 participants switched (in unpredictable sequence) between oculomotor and vocal tasks. In Experiment 2, 72 participants switched (in pairwise combinations) between oculomotor, vocal, and manual tasks. We observed systematic performance costs when switching between response modalities under otherwise constant task features and could thereby replicate previous observations of response modality switch costs. However, we did not observe any substantial switch-cost asymmetries. As previous studies using temporally overlapping dual-task paradigms found substantial prioritization effects (in terms of asymmetric costs) especially for oculomotor tasks, the present results suggest different underlying processes in sequential task switching than in simultaneous multitasking. While more research is needed to further substantiate a lack of response modality switch-cost asymmetries in a broader range of task switching situations, we suggest that task-set representations related to specific response modalities may exhibit rapid decay.
Indicadores críticos en el desempeño de actividades de cambios rápidos en la industria maquiladora de Baja California
Authors: Vega Yuridia , Romero López Roberto , Rosel Solís Manuel Javier , Chávez Moreno Edgar Armando , Morales Contreras Oscar Adrián 
Published: February 2022

El cambio constante en los mercados, así como clientes más exigentes en los temas de calidad, las variaciones de productos y tiempos de entrega, ha inducido que las organizaciones tengan que generar innovaciones tecnologías de tipo radical y/o incremental en sus productos o sistemas de fabricación, esto a través de la mejora de sus procesos administrativos y de tecnologías que favorezcan la eficiencia y flexibilidad de los procesos productivos. En este sentido, una de las problemáticas más investigadas por las empresas de manufactura son los cambios de modelo, que, a pesar de la implementación de metodologías de manufactura de clase mundial, aún queda un área de oportunidad en la mejora continua de reducir los tiempos de cambio, los cuales benefician la productividad, eficiencia, flexibilidad y calidad de la compañía, por lo que en este artículo se estudian una serie de indicadores críticos diferenciados en factores administrativos y técnicos evaluados en la industria maquiladora de Tijuana, Baja California, a través de la aplicación de un instrumento de medición validado por expertos y por el coeficiente de fiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach de 0.974, a una muestra de 337 individuos que tienen relación directa en los procesos de cambios, quedando de manifiesto la necesidad de controlar variables en el área técnica del sistemas de fabricación y relacionadas con el diseño de los productos, que al ser consideradas permite generar acciones de mejoras más eficientes.
Trend analysis of COVID-19 cases in Pakistan
Authors: Sumera Shareef  , Shumiala Akhtar  , Naima Tufail  , Fiaz Ahmad  , Muhammad Imran shakoor  
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Statistical models play a significant role in understanding the trend, level and trajectory of infectious diseases and provide the foundation to formulate effective policies and timely intervention, so that the morbidity and mortality due to these diseases can be declined. This study aimed to uncover the trend and proposing a forecasting model for daily expected outbreaks due to COVID-19 of fourth spike in Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY: This study is primarily based on a secondary data of COVID-19 daily confirmed outbreaks. The two-month (1st June to 31st July 2021) time series data is recorded and available from COVID-19 health advisory platform by Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination official website. Descriptive and time series analysis (ARIMA, exponential smoothing models) were applied. The analysis was carried out using R programming language.
RESULTS: The highest (5026) and the lowest (663), COVID-19 confirm cases reported on 31 July 2021 and 21 June 2021 respective, whereas the average confirmed cases were 1830 [762-2898] per day. Four different time series models are executed namely ARIMA, Brown, Holt and Winter. Among competitive models, ARIMA (0, 2, 1) is found to be an optimum forecasting model, selected by using auto ARIMA function with least root mean square error. A day ahead forecast is obtained under the selected ARIMA model and yielded that COVID-19 confirmed outbreaks is expected to increase about 3.1% per day.
CONCLUSION: COVID-19 outbreaks are expected to rise in Pakistan and ARIMA (0, 2, 1) is an optimum forecasting model for daily COVID-19 outbreaks.
Association between artificially sweetened beverages consumption and changes in body mass index among children
Authors: Muhammad Bilal Arshad  , Muhammad Usman Sheikh  , Muhammad Afzal  , Aneela Amjad  , Shahzeb Patoli  , Muhammad Behzad Salahuddin  
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Poor food quality and choices are a major concern in the modern life style and increased consumption of sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages have been implicated as contributing factors for obesity. The objective of this study is to determine the association between the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages and changes in body mass index among children.
METHODOLOGY: Data on the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages consumption and BMI for 13,287 children was analyzed for exposure and outcome from Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). The association between frequency of ASB consumption and BMI was quantified using demographics and linear regression analysis. The linear regression analysis was done adjusting demographic, socioeconomic variables and confounding factors of frequency of physical activity. Regression analysis was conducted using survey weights to account for the complex sampling design.
RESULTS: Adjusted linear regression for demographical and socioeconomic variables showed that more frequent consumption of ASB was associated with a significant increase in BMI. As the frequency of ASB increased, BMI significantly increased by 0.69-1.06 units in categories (p<0.01). Regression analysis adjusted for frequency of physical activity also showed an increase of BMI by 0.36 units (p<0.01) with the highest frequency of ASB consumption.
CONCLUSION: Higher consumption of artificially sweetened beverages causes an increase in BMI among UK children.
Trade in Electricity and Business Investment: Two Aspects of the Aluminium Industry in Canada
Authors: Unger Richard W. 
Published: February 2022

Depuis longtemps, le Canada est l’un des principaux producteurs d’aluminium primaire et d’hydroélectricité. Aussi bien les gouvernements provinciaux que le gouvernement fédéral, dans une dynamique d’encouragement de la production d’aluminium, ont généralement accompagné toutes les actions menées dans ce secteur d’un ensemble de mesures d’encadrement dans le but d’accroître l’industrialisation, la production d’aluminium n’ayant été ciblée spécifiquement que récemment. Bénéficiant du développement de la production au début du vingtième siècle, le fabricant de métaux en position de monopole possédait également les installations de production d’électricité nécessaires. Ce mode de fonctionnement est devenu moins répandu à partir du milieu du XX e siècle. Il semblait logique de penser que les exportations d’aluminium, qui par définition ajoutent de la valeur à l’électricité, supplanteraient les ventes d’électricité sur les marchés étrangers, mais cela ne s’est pas produit. Les exportations d’aluminium et d’électricité ont augmenté ensemble, s’inscrivant dans un processus général de développement économique. Ce schéma était l’objectif des politiques instituées à la fin du XIX e siècle, visant à soutenir le nationalisme économique, à l’instar des pratiques courantes des derniers arrivés dans l’ère de l’industrialisation.
The importance of a safety checklist and strategic rest breaks in gynaecological laparoscopy
Authors: Silva D. , Randombage P. J. Jayanga , Gankanda W. , Mathanamohan J. , Rajakaruna Maduka 
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the importance of a safety checklist for gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries. Although several general safety checklists are used in practice (e.g.: The WHO Safety Checklist), there is no dedicated safety checklist for gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries. Our aim is to introduce a safety checklist dedicated to gynaecological laparoscopy. It is based on our experience in performing various gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries in a tertiary care center with a substantially high workload. It has been compiled after studying the complications occurring in areas covered by the aforementioned checklist. We present data from 776 cases performed over 4 years at the Professorial Unit in Obstetrics and Gynaecology affiliated to the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, at Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila, Sri Lanka. The mean surgical time and complications associated with patient positioning have been assessed. Complications associated with the areas assessed were found to be of low incidence. However, we believe that these can be reduced further by the introduction of a checklist specifically tailored for gynaecological laparoscopy.
Evaluation of Serum Uric Acid Among New-Onset Primary Hypertension Patients – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghali Rani , Maldar Arif , Patil Pournima , Khursheed Romana 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Hypertension is associated with a myriad of confounding factors, out of which elevated serum uric acid (SUA) profile is of interest as a biomarker. Despite a handful of studies alluding to the seminal relationship between the two, its prevalence and correlation in the Indian context have not been adequately investigated. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between SUA levels and primary hypertension (HTN).

Materials and Methods:
This 1-year hospital-based cross-sectional study comprised 100 patients who were recently diagnosed with primary HTN and had not received antihypertensive medications, SUA levels and severity of HTN among patients were assessed along with their age, sex, body mass index, total cholesterol, and lipid profile. Results were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test, logistics regression, t-test/Welch t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test, and Pearson–Spearman rank correlation.

Results:
A strong correlation between SUA level with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with primary HTN (r = 0.5046; P < 0.0001) was observed. The mean SBP (163.89 ± 9.99 mmHg) was significantly high (P < 0.001) in hyperuricemic patients, and raised SUA was noted in 38% of the cohort. Stage II hypertensive subjects of the 58–66 years age group were found to be a particularly vulnerable group (odds ratio of 32). History of diabetes mellitus, tobacco, and alcohol consumption showed a significant association with elevated SUA levels in males (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
One in every three primary hypertensive patients is likely to present with hyperuricemia, and there exists a pertinent association between elevated SUA levels with SBP.
Tools of the Trade
Authors: Dor Yarit 
Published: February 2022

Modesty garments and barriers are some of the tools used by intimacy professionals in scenes of physical intimacy. This equipment is, in my opinion, still the unspoken hero that helps me do my job, that gives performers a better sense of protection and a tool that supports and enhances consent based practices.
In the following paper, I will look at modesty garments and barriers I currently use in my practice. I will chart my own journey, discuss the development of INTIMASK, give examples of current vocabulary I use, and share a checklist. Get ready, this paper is long and I take full responsibility for that.
Writings about modesty garments and barriers are extremely scarce in books, academic research and many articles discuss them on a superficial level. And so it was difficult for me to edit sections and cut corners from the information I felt was needed. [...] This paper is written with some progression that makes sense to me and yet, I do think each section can also stand on its own. So please journey through it at your own pace and choosing.
Data preservation and risk management in Management Information Systems
Authors: Chandrasena Sampath 
Published: February 2022

Companies have indeed been able to cut down, widen their market coverage, as well as shape relatively close working relationships while working to improve client relationships thanks to technological processes. However, using the Internet has introduced new risks and concerns. This research highlighted the problems that CIOs and IT managers face in the field of the organization. It covers data security in its newest manifestation, effective management issues, safety disciplinary measures and methodologies, and more. Risks from cyberspace are also a concern. It also develops a threat classification model and also regulatory systems. It also employs a few explanations to develop a system for calculating the impact of security risks in a statistical sense. It entails determining the likelihood of successful information attacks.
The paper also evaluates the physical and perceived expenses of the known vulnerabilities, and some recommended control laws and simulation methods for measuring the injuries done by such infringements. This study as well begins to develop a five-stage risk mitigation system for evaluating incidents involving information management: 1- Appraisal of the resource's and application's worth; 2- Remotely exploitable and risk assessment; 3- Computation of threats-related losses and the advantages of preventive actions; 4- Choosing a surveillance system and; 5- A simulating different strategies. The research findings must aid judgment in deciding the best controls to reduce safety issue detriment. Finally, a few recommendations for further research have indeed been put in place to improve protection. Massive quantities of assets and analysis in organizations, as well as assessing the chance of successful potential attacks on these investments. This study created an overarching risk management system for security analysts, allowing them to better focus their efforts to include the most appropriate control measures. There are five parts to this scheme: Commodity and application value explanation, Vulnerability review, Loss arithmetic following complaints and advantages of control legislation, Done through a process collection, and Implementation different alternative appraisal. Fenceline routers, numerous different intrusion prevention, security systems, firewalls, and scheme records are identified as countermeasures for maybe the first danger; password protection and malware barcode readers have been identified as an effective control law again for Remotely exploitable and risk assessment; and eventually, an essential tool for managing, firewalls, and assertive methodologies are identified as effective control measures for denial - of - service.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Auditor, Budaya Kerja, Dan Pengawasan Terhadap Kinerja Auditor Pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan
Authors: Abdullah Hashim A , Yamri Saipul 
Published: February 2022

Kinerja auditor merupakan perwujudan kerja yang dilakukan untuk mencapai hasil kerja ke arah tercapainya tujuan organisasi. Kualitas audit yang dilaksanakan oleh aparat Inspektorat belum maksimal dimana masih banyaknya temuan audit yang tidak terdeteksi oleh aparat inspektorat sebagai auditor internal, akan tetapi ditemukan oleh auditor eksternal yaitu Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK). Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa kualitas laporan keuangan yang merupakan output dari kinerja Inspektorat selaku auditor internal Pemerintahan masih kurang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan menganalisis besarnya pengaruh kompetensi budaya kerja dan pengawasan secara simultan terhadap kinerja auditor Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran angket . Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan yang berjumlah 46 auditor. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) Kompetensi auditor mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 24,1%; 2) Budaya kerja mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 37,9%; 3) Pengawasan mempu.nyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 21,6%; 4) Kompetensi auditor, budaya kerja dan pengawasan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 54%. Dengan kata lain, semakin baik pelaksanaan ketiga variabel bebas tersebut, maka akan semakin meningkat kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan
Hubungan Usia Ibu Saat Hamil dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Pusmaika Rangga , Novfrida Yizri , Simatupang Erna Juliana , Djami Moudy E.U , Sumiyati Iis 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Kondisi stunting pada masa depan mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia, yang akan berpengaruh pada Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Usia Ibu saat hamil menjadi salah satu faktor risiko penyebab stunting pada anak. Stunting diakibatkan masalah gizi kompleks pada balita yang terjadi sejak kehamilan, salah satunya adalah kehamilan diusia remaja ataupun terlalu tua. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan usia ibu saat hamil dengan kejadian stunting di Kabupaten Tangerang.. Metode: Desain penelitian ini yaitu cross sectional dengan populasi adalah seluruh balita usia 0-5 tahun di desa Taban, Jambe, Tangerang dengan besar sampel 72 responden, diperoleh dengan teknik sytematic random sampling. Analisa Data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil: Usia ibu saat hamil berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,036). Kesimpulan: Pentingnya pemberian informasi mengenai stunting kepada masyarakat terutama pasangan yang merencanakan kehamilan untuk mempersiapakan fisik dan psikis sejak awal kehamilan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan pemberian nutrisi pada anak.
Background: Stunting conditions in the future affect the quality of human resources, which will affect the Human Development Index (HDI). Maternal age during pregnancy is one of the risk factors for stunting in children. Stunting is caused by complex nutritional problems in toddlers that have occurred since pregnancy, one of which is pregnancy at the age of teenagers or too old. Purpose: to determine the relationship between maternal age during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in Tangerang Regency. Method: The design used a cross sectional design. The study population was all toddlers aged 0-5 years in Taban village, Jambe, Tangerang with a sample size of 72 respondents, obtained by systematic random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test. Results: The results of the study obtained that maternal age during pregnancy was associated with the incidence of stunting (p = 0.036). Conclusion: The importance of providing information about stunting to the public, especially couples planning a pregnancy to be able to prepare physically and psychologically from the beginning of pregnancy and increase knowledge of nutrition for children.
Maximal and explosive strength normative data for handgrip test according to gender: international standardization approach
Authors: Dopsaj Milivoj , Andraos Zahi , Richa Charbel , Mitri Antoine Abou , Makdissi Elie , Zoghbi Allen El , Dandachi Rafif , Erlikh Vadim V. , Cherepov Evgenii A. , Masiulis Nerius , Nenasheva Anna V. , Zuoziene Ilona J. , Marković Stefan , Fayyad Fadi 
Published: February 2022

PurposeIn daily living, hands are the basic organs for manipulative tasks of the human body, and they are specialized for various motor tasks with different physical object contact situations. Insufficient strength during aging constitutes a key component of sarcopenia and is associated with subsequent disability and mortality. The simplest and very valid test for assessing general strength is the handgrip test, and the need for international standards for grip strength seems very essential. The study aimed to set normative data for different handgrip strength dimensions in an international healthy adult community.MethodsThe maximal muscle force and maximal explosive muscle force for dominant and non-dominant hand were examined across 838 subjects from 11 countries. The result values were compared with the internationally published findings for external validation.ResultsThe mean value for both hands maximal strength in an adult male was 997 ± 176 N for the absolute and 11.78 ± 1.95 N/kg for the relative measure; in females, the respective values equalled 550 ± 110 N and 8.49 ± 1.79 N/kg. The mean value for maximal explosive strength in an adult male was 6473 ± 1420 N/s for the absolute and 76.47 ± 16.22 N/s/kg for the relative measure; in adult females, the respective values equalled 3506 ± 915 N/s and 54.13 ± 14.38 N/s/kg.ConclusionsThe normative reference values provided in this study may serve as an international guide for interpreting maximal and explosive handgrip strength measurements obtained from healthy adult individuals of both genders.