bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone methyltransferase Smyd2 contributes to blood‐brain barrier breakdown in stroke
Authors: Wang Jinghuan , Zhong Wen , Cheng Qianwen , Xiao Chenxi , Xu Jie , Su Zhenghua , Su Haibi , Liu Xinhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) plays a principal role in the healthy and diseased central nervous systems, and BBB disruption after ischaemic stroke is responsible for increased mortality. Smyd2, a member of the SMYD‐methyltransferase family, plays a vital role in disease by methylation of diverse substrates; however, little is known about its role in the pathophysiology of the brain in response to ischaemia‐reperfusion injury.MethodsUsing oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐induced primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and Smyd2 knockdown mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, we evaluated the role of Smyd2 in BBB disruption. We performed loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function studies to investigate the biological function of Smyd2 in ischaemic stroke.ResultsWe found that Smyd2 was a critical factor for regulating brain endothelial barrier integrity in ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. Smyd2 is upregulated in peri‐ischaemic brains, leading to BBB disruption via methylation‐mediated Sphk/S1PR. Knockdown of Smyd2 in mice reduces BBB permeability and improves functional recovery. Using OGD/R‐induced BMECs, we demonstrated that Sphk/S1PR methylation modification by Smyd2 affects ubiquitin‐dependent degradation and protein stability, which may disrupt endothelial integrity. Moreover, overexpression of Smyd2 can damage endothelial integrity through Sphk/S1PR signalling.ConclusionsOverall, these results reveal a novel role for Smyd2 in BBB disruption in ischaemic stroke, suggesting that Smyd2 may represent a new therapeutic target for ischaemic stroke.
Curriculum as a language of ethical engagement: Reducing epistemological barriers, continuing the dialogue
Authors: Baldwin Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper focused on how students from diverse local and international backgrounds in selected business classes at Washington Adventist University in the USA were affected by the negative rhetoric and actionsd'effacerof President Trump over his presidency and also how they were experiencing their studies. A qualitative approach was utilised to collect data via a questionnaire in which 11 students participated. The results are, therefore, not generalisable but can provide insights for further exploration of curriculum and classroom deliberations with diverse student populations. Results showed that all 11 students were studying with students of diverse backgrounds. Six of seven international students found their studies liberating when compared to their home country. It showed that 10 of 11 students were negatively affected by President Trump's rhetoric about racism and anti‐immigrant statements. All 11 felt that their professors understood them. This last result is meaningful due to a commitment to the core values of the institution. With many students discovering mental health challenges today, it is a positive outcome to know that students feel understood. This can be motivating to the maintenance of ethical engagement in curriculum discourses, reducing epistemological barriers and promoting socio‐emotional comfort and acceptance of students of international and diverse backgrounds.
Crisis‐ready educational design: The case of mathematics
Authors: Foster Colin , Burkhardt Hugh , Schoenfeld Alan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has made abundantly clear how far our school systems are from being crisis‐ready. The lockdowns seen across many parts of the world left schools and teachers scrambling to provide parents with whatever teaching materials they could find to enable some semblance of distance learning to take place. Despite heroic efforts, the immediate solutions found were far from optimal. This should not be surprising, since no curriculum or school system was ever designed with crisis‐readiness in mind. In this article, we look back at the experience of school education during the pandemic, but mainly forward to what educational design can learn to make school curricula and systems more robust and crisis‐ready. Taking the mathematics curriculum as our focus, we set out design strategies and tactics devised to ensure that all students are equitably engaged in productive struggle with important content and processes, feel that they have agency over their mathematics, and receive actionable formative feedback on their learning. Through a fully‐worked out example, we illustrate the sorts of approaches that we envisage, and we conclude by discussing how we might transition towards such a curriculum.
Drought responses in floodplain forests obtained by remotely sensed and tree‐ring data
Authors: Nguyen Nga T. , Symmank Matthew , Keim Richard F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForest and water‐resources management in floodplains requires an understanding of the nature of drought specific to ecosystems there. The complex relationships among floodplain vegetation, topography and hydrology affect water availability. This paper investigated whether hydrological assumptions within meteorological drought indicators and ecophysiological assumptions within remote‐sensing drought indicators reflect drought deficits as they occur in floodplain forests. We compared the performance of widely used meteorological and remote‐sensing drought indicators in floodplain forests to tree‐ring validation using five species at three floodplains in eastern Texas, USA. We found that the water balance in the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and the water loss estimated by the Evaporative Stress Index were useful models of water deficits in floodplain forests at the site and sub‐site scales, respectively. Hydrological and stand conditions varied among sites enough to affect the specific patterns of tree‐species responded to drought. However, of the species we examined, tree rings in green ash were the most consistently affected by drought across floodplains and were the most closely correlated with both meteorological and remotely sensed drought indicators. Finally, drought effects varied by species and among and within floodplains, but generally, growth of trees in topographically drier sites was more closely correlated with drought indicators.
Potential microbial enzyme activity in seasonal snowpack is high and reveals P limitation
Authors: Hoffman Abigail S. , van Diepen Linda T. A. , Albeke Shannon E. , Williams David G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrobes in snow and ice ecosystems in polar regions contribute substantially to C, N, and P cycling, but few studies have explored microbial activity in seasonal snow. The purpose of this study was to explore the relative importance of snow microbial processing of C, N, and P compounds in atmospheric deposition and litter and detect elemental limitations of snow microbes in Rocky Mountain conifer forests. Enzyme activity in snow was orders of magnitude greater than activity reported for lentic and lotic waters in similar environments. Proportions of C/P‐ and C/N‐acquiring enzymes suggest that snow samples were P limited, or C and P co‐limited, while lentic and lotic waters were more N limited. As such, microbes in seasonal snow may change the composition of nutrients and carbon, but these processes are vulnerable to changes in atmospheric deposition and snow extent and duration, which could affect nutrient processing across large areas.
Effects of large mammalian herbivory, previous fire, and year of burn on fire behavior in an African savanna
Authors: Young Truman. P. , Kimuyu Duncan N. , LaMalfa Eric M. , Werner Chhaya M. , Jones Connor , Masudi Phyllis , Ang'ila Robert , Sensenig Ryan L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFire, herbivores, and climatic factors are all major drivers of savanna and grassland dynamics, and they interact in complex ways, which are still in the process of being explored. In particular, herbivores can reduce fire intensity by removal of biomass, and this could be reinforced by herbivores’ attraction to recently burned sites, although grassland resilience may limit the temporal depth of such effects. Fire temperature is the most common fire metric reported for grassland fire, but additional aspects of fire behavior can also be measured. Using a set of controlled, replicated experiments, we examined the effects of year of burn, herbivory by livestock and wildlife, previous burn, and weather history on fire behavior in an African savanna. Multiple measures of fire behavior (minimum fire temperature, flame front speed, fire residence time, maximum flame height, and flame length) in 36 controlled burns were positively intercorrelated. Burns conducted in 2018 were significantly cooler, especially at heights >0.5 m above the ground, than those in 2013, a wetter year with more grass fuel. Grass fuel loads and fire temperatures were reduced by the presence of livestock and wildlife. Our sampling methods did not for the most part reveal expected differences in fire temperatures or other behaviors between the reburned plots and those burned for the first time in 2018, with or without herbivores, suggesting strong postfire resilience in this semiarid savanna rangeland.
Natural 15N abundance of ammonium and nitrate in soil profiles: New insights into forest ecosystem nitrogen saturation
Authors: Gurmesa Geshere Abdisa , Hobbie Erik A. , Zhang Shasha , Wang Ang , Zhu Feifei , Zhu Weixing , Koba Keisuke , Yoh Muneoki , Wang Chuankuan , Zhang Qiuliang , Fang Yunting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAssessment of nitrogen (N) saturation of forests is critical to the evaluation of the manner in which ecosystems will respond to current and future global changes such as N deposition. However, quantifying N saturation remains a challenge. We developed a conceptual model of N saturation stages in forest ecosystems based on (1) a hypothetical relative rate of ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, (2) concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the soil, and (3) 15N enrichment pattern of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate in the soil profile. We tested the hypotheses using data from forests located at five sites across eastern Asia. The fraction of nitrate in total inorganic N indicated that the sites represent an N saturation gradient with one boreal forest at stage 1 (least saturated), three temperate forests at stage 2, and one tropical forest at stage 3 (most saturated). The δ15N of bulk soil N increased from topsoil to subsoil more sharply at N‐limited sites than at the N‐rich sites along the N deposition gradient. We also found distinct 15N enrichment patterns of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate in the soil profile across the study sites. At stage 1, nitrate was more 15N‐depleted than ammonium only in the organic soil horizon, indicating limited nitrification, while the 15N depletion of nitrate to ammonium was observed in the deeper mineral soil at stages 2 and 3. Furthermore, ammonium was more 15N‐depleted than bulk soil N at stages 1 and 2 but more 15N‐enriched than bulk soil N at stage 3. Our study suggests that soil profile patterns of δ15N of bulk soil N, ammonium, and nitrate provide information about the relative rates of mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification and thus can be an additional measure of N saturation of forest ecosystems across broad environmental gradients.
2‐Hydrazonyl‐Propandihydrazide – A Versatile Precursor for High‐Energy Materials
Authors: Harter Alexander G. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Riedelsheimer Christian , Stierstorfer Jörg , Strobel Sebastian M. , Voggenreiter Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, 2‐hydrazonyl‐propandihydrazide (2), a new precursor for energetic materials based on diethyl 2,2‐diazidomalonate (1) was investigated. Therefore, its versatility was shown by various secondary reactions, including formation of energetic salts (3–5), the synthesis of a nitrogen‐rich bistriazole (10) and a highly instable diazido derivative (6). In addition, a Curtius degradation could be observed in detail. When possible, the compounds were analyzed by low temperature X‐ray diffraction. All measurable compounds were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and regarding their sensitivity towards impact and friction according to BAM standard techniques. All promising compounds were evaluated regarding their energetic behavior using the EXPLO5 code (V6.05) and compared to RDX and CL‐20. In addition, compound 2 was investigated towards its aquatic toxicity, using the bioluminescent bacteria vibrio fischeri.
Synthesis and SAR of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4‐carboxylates: Potent Salicylic Acid‐Based Lead Structures against Plant Stress
Authors: Bojack Guido , Brown Ronald W. , Dittgen Jan , Heinemann Ines , Helmke Hendrik , Hills Martin J. , Hohmann Sabine , Holstein Philipp M. , Schmutzler Dirk , Frackenpohl Jens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNew 2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4‐carboxylic acid derivatives have been identified as potent lead structures against drought and cold stress in crops starting from the synthetic exploration of stabilized analogs of the natural product lunularic acid. An optimized Lewis‐acid mediated cyclization gave a short and efficient access to the envisaged 2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4‐carboxylates. Enantioselective approaches were investigated to assess the potential impact of the chiral center on in vivo activity. Whilst 2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4‐carboxamides and 2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4‐carboxylates carrying phenyl substituents with electron‐withdrawing groups exhibited only low to moderate in vivo activity, the corresponding 2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4‐carboxylates carrying optimized electron‐donating substituents in the phenyl moiety revealed strong in vivo activity, both against drought stress in several broad‐acre crops, as well as against cold stress in corn. Remarkably, several 2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4‐carboxylates showed stronger efficacy than the internal standards used in our in vivo SAR study.
Electrochemical reduction of quinones in ethaline chosen as an example of deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Zhen Fangchen , Hapiot Philippe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of a series of substituted benzoquinone have been examined in ethaline chosen as an example of ionic deep eutectic solvent. Experiments show the importance of hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the quinones or its intermediates and the solvent. The effects are notably visible on the values of reduction potentials that are much more positive in ethaline than in a molecular solvent like acetonitrile and by the small difference between the first and second reduction potentials. The amplitude of the stabilization increases with the donor character of the substituent. Concerning the second reduction, the peak currents are considerably smaller than those of the first reduction and almost disappear at high scan rates (above 50 V s−1). This behavior could be explained considering a chemical step prior to the electron transfer that becomes the limiting step (CE mechanism). As a remarkable feature, the electron transfer kinetics remain fast despite the hydrogen‐bonding interactions (ks = 0.12–0.14 cm s−1).
Are There Longitudinal Effects of Forest Harvesting on Carbon Quality and Flow and Methylmercury Bioaccumulation in Primary Consumers of Temperate Stream Networks?
Authors: Charbonneau Kelli L. , Kidd Karen A. , Kreutzweiser David P. , Sibley Paul K. , Emilson Erik J. S. , O'Driscoll Nelson J. , Gray Michelle A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Forest harvesting affects dissolved organic matter (DOM) and aqueous mercury inputs as well as the food web structure in small-headwater streams, but how these upstream changes manifest downstream is unclear. To address this uncertainty, we examined DOM quality, autochthony in the caddisfly Hydropsychidae (using δ2H), and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in stream water and the caddisfly along a longitudinal gradient (first- to fourth-order streams, subcatchments of 50–1900 ha) in paired partially harvested and reference catchments in central Ontario, Canada. Although measures of DOM quality (specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm 2.20–11.62) and autochthony in caddisflies (4.9%–34.0%) varied among sites, no upstream-to-downstream differences in these measures were observed between the paired harvested and reference catchments. In contrast, MeHg levels in stream water (0.06–0.35 ng/L) and caddisflies (29.7–192 µg/kg dry wt) were significantly higher in the upstream sites but not the farthest downstream sites in the harvested catchments compared to the reference catchments. This suggests that while current mitigation measures used by forestry companies did not prevent elevated MeHg in water and invertebrates at smaller spatial scales (subcatchments of 50–400 ha), these upstream impacts did not manifest at larger spatial scales (subcatchments of 800–1900 ha). The present study advances our understanding of spatially cumulative impacts within harvested catchments, which is critical to help forest managers maintain healthy forest streams and their provisioning of aquatic ecosystem services. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1490–1507. © 2022 SETAC
Bioactive inorganic particles‐based biomaterials for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Ma Jingge , Wu Chengtie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe challenge for treatment of severe cutaneous wound poses an urgent clinical need for the development of biomaterials to promote skin regeneration. In the past few decades, introduction of inorganic components into material system has become a promising strategy for improving performances of biomaterials in the process of tissue repair. In this review, we provide a current overview of the development of bioactive inorganic particles‐based biomaterials used for skin tissue engineering. We highlight the three stages in the evolution of the bioactive inorganic biomaterials applied to wound management, including single inorganic materials, inorganic/organic composite materials, and inorganic particles‐based cell‐encapsulated living systems. At every stage, the primary types of bioactive inorganic biomaterials are described, followed by citation of the related representative studies completed in recent years. Then we offer a brief exposition of typical approaches to construct the composite material systems with incorporation of inorganic components for wound healing. Finally, the conclusions and future directions are suggested for the development of novel bioactive inorganic particles‐based biomaterials in the field of skin regeneration.
Organizational social activities and knowledge management behaviors: An affective events perspective
Authors: Good Jessica R. L. , Halinski Michael , Boekhorst Janet A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch indicates that relationship‐oriented HR practices can increase organizational knowledge, yet we know little about the effects of relationship‐oriented HR practices on employee knowledge management behaviors. Drawing from affective events theory, we examine the indirect effect of participation in one type of relationship‐oriented HR practice (i.e., organizational social activities) on three knowledge management behaviors (i.e., knowledge sharing, knowledge hiding, and knowledge manipulating) via positive affect, as well as the conditional indirect effect of intrinsic motivation for organizational social activities on these relationships. Utilizing a time‐separated field study (n = 163), our analysis reveals positive affect fully mediates the relationship between participation in organizational social activities and (a) knowledge sharing and (b) knowledge hiding, and partially mediates the relationship between participation in organizational social activities, and (c) knowledge manipulating. Most interestingly, we unexpectedly found a positive direct effect of participation in organizational social activities on knowledge manipulation, even though the indirect effect via positive affect was negative. The results also indicate that, for individuals with high intrinsic motivation for social activities, there is a significant indirect effect of participation in organizational social activities on all three knowledge management behaviors.
A scoping review of Singapore parenting: Culture‐general and culture‐specific functions of parenting styles and practices
Authors: Cheung Hoi Shan , Lim Elinor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCross‐cultural studies on parenting have identified cultural nuances that may impact the form and functions of parenting styles and practices in different contexts. This scoping review is undertaken with the aim of identifying such nuances in an under‐studied culture, as a starting point to understand and compare the forms and functions of parenting in Asia and beyond. A review of 27 studies showed that optimal parenting styles and practices were associated with positive child development outcomes in Singapore, similar to what has been observed in Western contexts. However, some parenting behaviours that were typically considered to be sub‐optimal were not invariably related to poorer child outcomes in Singapore, indicating that there may be protective cultural factors related to the interpretation of parental control. Adopting an emic approach to parenting research would deepen our understanding of the cultural generality and specificity of practices, ensuring that the design and implementation of parenting interventions are culturally appropriate and effective.
A 40‐year‐old man with a rapidly growing intrascrotal tumor in the fibroma–thecoma group
Authors: Anraku Tsutomu , Hashidate Hideki , Nakahara Asa , Imai Tomoyuki , Kawakami Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionTumors in the fibroma–thecoma group are benign tumors, typically found in the ovaries of postmenopausal women and occasionally develop in the testes. These tumors are mostly treated with radical orchiectomy because preoperative diagnosis confirming the benign nature is difficult.Case presentationA 40‐year‐old man was incidentally pointed out to have a right intrascrotal mass, measuring approximately 10 cm on computed tomography. Malignant testicular tumor was suspected based on the location and size of the tumor. The patient underwent right radical orchiectomy. Histologically, the tumor had no evidence of malignancy, and the diagnosis of tumors in the fibroma–thecoma group was made. The patient had no recurrence 8 months after surgery.ConclusionIntrascrotal tumors in the fibroma–thecoma group are rare benign tumors and mostly treated with radical orchiectomy due to concerns about malignancies. Further investigation is needed for accurate preoperative diagnosis, and we should be aware of these rare tumors.