bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From preventive eugenics to slippery eugenics: Population control and contemporary sterilisations targeted to indigenous peoples in Mexico
Authors: Sanchez‐Rivera R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEugenic ideas in Mexico were popularised after the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) as a way of ‘modernising’ and ‘civilising’ the nation. As a result, eugenic ideas were able to linger and be maintained through different departments, institutions, and individuals from all disciplines. After eugenics was considered a pseudoscience, its practices and ideas continued through population control measures that targeted indigenous populations for sterilisation, a trend that still prevails. The purpose of this article is to explore the legacies of eugenics in current sterilizations procedures mostly targeted at indigenous communities in Mexico. I offer the term ‘slippery eugenics’ to account for the legacies of eugenics in Mexico which, in this specific case, resurface in the systematic forced and coerced sterilisation procedures targeted at indigenous communities.
High hydrostatic pressure‐assisted extraction of lipids from Lipomyces starkeyi biomass
Authors: Tuhanioglu Arda , Alpas Hami , Cekmecelioglu Deniz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) as a novel approach for yeast cell disruption and lipid extraction from Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70295 grown in glucose medium (40 g/L and C/N:55/1) at initial pH of 5.0, 25°C, and 130 rpm for 8 days. HHP extraction conditions including pressure, time, and temperature were optimized by response surface methodology. The high speed homogenizer‐assisted extraction (HSH) was also used for comparison. The biomass subjected to HHP was examined under scanning electron microscopy and light microscope. A maximal lipid yield of 45.8 ± 2.1% in dry cell basis (w/w) was achieved at 200 MPa, 40°C, and 15 min, while a minimum yield of 15.2 ± 0.9% was observed at 300 MPa, 40°C, and 10 min (p < 0.05). The lipid yield decreased with increasing pressure. It was demonstrated that low pressure (200 MPa) collapsed the cells, while high pressure (400 MPa) created protrusions on the cell wall and cell fragments spread in the environment. This study favors HHP as a promising method for Lipomyces oil extraction.Practical ApplicationSingle‐cell oils are considered future alternatives to plant‐based oils as food additives and dietary supplements. Oleaginous microorganisms accumulate oils in their cell plasma, which makes extraction essential. One of the main obstacles with existing methods is the utilization of strong acids to destroy cell walls. This study aims to demonstrate high hydrostatic pressure as a rapid method for lipid extraction from oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi.
Sleep quality and quantity determined by polysomnography in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients randomized to dexmedetomidine or placebo
Authors: Oxlund Jakob , Knudsen Torben , Sörberg Mikael , Strøm Thomas , Toft Palle , Jennum Poul Jørgen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal sleep is commonly observed in the ICU and is associated with delirium and increased mortality. If sedation is necessary, it is often performed with gamma‐aminobutyric acid agonists such as propofol or midazolam leading to an absence of restorative sleep. We aim to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on sleep quality and quantity.MethodsThirty consecutive patients were included. The study was conducted as a double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial with two parallel groups: 20 patients were treated with dexmedetomidine, and 10 with placebo. Two 16 h of polysomnography recordings were done for each patient on two consecutive nights. Patients were randomized to dexmedetomidine or placebo after the first recording, thus providing a control recording for all patients. Dexmedetomidine was administered during the second recording (6 p.m.–6 a.m.). Objective: To compare the effect of dexmedetomidine versus. placebo on sleep ‐ quality and quantity. Primary outcome: Sleep quality, total sleep time (TST), Sleep efficiency (SE), and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep determined by Polysomnography (PSG). Secondary outcome: Delirium and daytime function determined by Confusion Assessment Method of the Intensive Care Unit and physical activity. Alertness and wakefulness were determined by RASS (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale).ResultsSE were increased in the dexmedetomidine group by; 37.6% (29.7;45.6 95% CI) versus 3.7% (−11.4;18.8 95% CI) (p < .001) and TST were prolonged by 271 min. (210;324 95% CI) versus 27 min. (−82;135 95% CI), (p < .001). No significant difference in REM sleep, delirium physical activity, or RASS score was found except for RASS night two.ConclusionTotal sleep time and sleep efficiency were significantly increased, without elimination of REM sleep, in mechanically ventilated ICU patients randomized to dexmedetomidine, when compared to a control PSG recording performed during non‐sedation/standard care.
The accuracy and informativeness of agricultural baselines
Authors: Bora Siddhartha S. , Katchova Ani L. , Kuethe Todd H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgricultural baselines facilitate policy and investment decisions by governments and market participants by providing long‐term projections about the farm sector. Despite their importance in shaping agricultural policy, the agricultural baselines have not been rigorously evaluated. This study evaluates the accuracy and informativeness of two widely used baselines for the US farm sector published by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) in three steps. First, we examine the average percent errors of the projections and perform tests of bias. Second, we use a testing framework based on the encompassing principle to test the predictive content of the projections for each horizon, determining the longest informative projection horizon. Third, we compare the USDA and FAPRI baseline projections using a multi‐horizon framework that considers all projection horizons jointly. We find that prediction error and bias increase with the horizon's length. The predictive content of the baselines projections for most variables diminishes after 4–5 years. The multi‐horizon comparison suggests that neither USDA nor FAPRI projections have uniform or average superior predictive ability over the other for most variables. Our findings are useful for the agencies producing these baselines and for the policymakers, agricultural businesses, and other stakeholders who use them. The study contributes to the recent literature on long‐term agricultural projections and establishes the groundwork for future research inquiries.
Tariffs, agricultural subsidies, and the 2020 US presidential election
Authors: Choi Jaerim , Lim Sunghun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper provides evidence on the effects of US and Chinese trade policies on the 2020 US presidential election. In response to a series of US tariffs imposed on Chinese goods, China imposed retaliatory tariffs, especially on US agricultural products, which largely affected Republican‐leaning counties. The US government then subsidized US farmers by providing direct payments through the Market Facilitation Program (MFP) to mitigate the Chinese retaliatory tariffs. Using the universe of actual county‐level MFP disbursement data, we document that MFP payments relative to the Chinese retaliatory tariff exposure were higher in solidly Republican counties, implying that the Trump administration allocated rents in exchange for political patronage. We also find that MFP payments outweighed the estimated impact of Chinese retaliatory tariffs and led to an increase in the Republican vote share in the 2020 presidential election. Finally, we uncover evidence that China's retaliatory trade policy and the corresponding US agricultural policy exacerbated political polarization in the US, especially the rural–urban divide.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors combined with traditional Chinese medicine for premature ejaculation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Xuefeng , Xu Mingwei , Chen Yuanzhe , Che Chunguang , Du Yongqiang , Wang Xiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPremature ejaculation (PE) is still a tough problem in drug treatment. Many clinical trials have proven that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant effect in the treatment of PE. This article aims to provide the latest evidence for the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of PE.MethodsWe looked for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP Database, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library until June 30, 2022. STATA 15.1 software was used to analyze all data for this article. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook 5.3.ResultsFinally, we selected 16 high‐quality RCTs in our meta‐analysis, which containing 889 patients. Meta‐analysis suggested that, compared with SSRIs alone, combination of TCM with SSRIs increased significantly intravaginal ejaculation latencv time and the scores of ejaculation control ability, sexual life satisfaction, PE‐related distress, and communication difficulties between partners related to PE. Also, there was no significant difference in adverse effects between the two groups. In addition, the results of publication bias test showed that no significant bias occurred.ConclusionThe combined use of TCM and SSRIs has significant effect in the treatment of PE compared with SSRIs monotherapy and was generally well tolerated. Due to the small sample size, multicenter and large sample RCT is still needed in the future to further confirm the effectiveness and safety of TCM combined with SSRIs in the treatment of PE.
Good students, avid readers: The cost of academic success
Authors: Scorcu Antonello E. , Vici Laura , Zanola Roberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effects of reading habits on academic performances have been carefully investigated, but little is known about the effects of academic achievements on students’ leisure reading. This paper investigates this issue by estimating the effects of academic achievements, proxied by the number of exams passed, on leisure reading, measured by the number of leisure books read in a year. Using an online survey submitted to the students at the University of Bologna, Italy, we adopt a two‐step control‐function technique to control for endogeneity. The empirical evidence suggests the existence of a negative relationship between students’ academic achievements and the time devoted to leisure reading. This result holds for students of different fields of study and is stronger for male students. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition supports the existence of a gender‐specific idiosyncratic effect.
Considering science needs to deliver actionable science
Authors: Bisbal Gustavo A. , Eaton Mitchell J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConservation practitioners, natural resource managers, and environmental stewards often seek out scientific contributions to inform decision‐making. This body of science only becomes actionable when motivated by decision makers considering alternative courses of action. Many in the science community equate addressing stakeholder science needs with delivering actionable science. However, not all efforts to address science needs deliver actionable science, suggesting that the synonymous use of these two constructs (delivering actionable science and addressing science needs) is not trivial. This can be the case when such needs are conveyed by people who neglect decision makers responsible for articulating a priority management concern and for specifying how the anticipated scientific information will aid the decision‐making process. We argue that the actors responsible for articulating these science needs and the process used to identify them are decisive factors in the ability to deliver actionable science, stressing the importance of examining the provenance and the determination of science needs. Guided by a desire to enhance communication and cross‐literacy between scientists and decision makers, we identified categories of actors who may inappropriately declare science needs (e.g., applied scientists with and without regulatory affiliation, external influencers, reluctant decision makers, agents in place of decision makers, and boundary organization representatives). We also emphasize the importance of, and general approach to, undertaking needs assessments or gap analyses as a means to identify priority science needs. We conclude that basic stipulations to legitimize actionable science, such as the declaration of decisions of interest that motivate science needs and using a robust process to identify priority information gaps, are not always satisfied and require verification. To alleviate these shortcomings, we formulated practical suggestions for consideration by applied scientists, decision makers, research funding entities, and boundary organizations to help foster conditions that lead to science output being truly actionable.
Tacrolimus 4‐hour monitoring in liver transplant patients is non‐inferior to trough monitoring: The randomized controlled FK04 trial
Authors: Ruijter Bastian N. , Tushuizen Maarten E. , Moes Dirk J. A. R. , Klerk Babs M. de , Hoek Bart van 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfter liver transplantation (LT), tacrolimus and ciclosporin treatment can lead to, partially concentration‐dependent, chronic kidney disease. Monitoring ciclosporin with two‐hour levels reduced overexposure and led to better renal function than trough‐monitoring (C0). For tacrolimus, a 4‐hour level (C4) can give a reasonable approximation of total drug exposure. We evaluated whether monitoring tacrolimus in stable patients after LT by C4 was superior to C0 regarding renal function, rejection and metabolic parameters.MethodsThis open label randomized controlled trial compared C4 monitoring of tacrolimus BID (Prograft) to trough (C0) monitoring in stable LT recipients. The target range for C4 of 7.8–16 ng/ml was calculated to be comparable with target C0 of 4–8 ng/ml. Primary endpoint was the effect on renal function and secondary endpoints were the occurrence of treated biopsy‐proven acute rejection, blood pressure and metabolic parameters, during 3 months of follow‐up.ResultsFifty patients were randomized to C0 (n = 25) or C4 (n = 25) monitoring. There was no difference in renal function between the C0 and the C4 group (p = .98 and p = .13 for CG and MDRD at 3 months). Also, the amount of proteinuria was similar (p = .59). None of the patients suffered from graft loss or was treated for rejection. Metabolic parameters did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionTacrolimus 4‐hour monitoring in stable LT patients is not superior to trough monitoring, regarding the effect on renal function, but is safe for use to facilitate tacrolimus monitoring in an afternoon outpatient clinic.
Involvement of glucose in freeze tolerance in the Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica
Authors: Okada Reiko , Adachi Shun , Takiya Yu , Iwasaki Ryohei , Hirota Atsushi , Kikuyama Sakae 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlycerol and aquaporin 9 (aquaglyceroporin) are known to be involved in freeze tolerance in the Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica. However, the regulatory mechanisms of freeze tolerance in this species have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we focused on the inter‐ and intracellular dynamics of glucose to analyze the role of glucose and glucose‐related proteins such as transporter and metabolic enzymes in freeze tolerance. Serum glucose concentrations were compared among the frogs that were nonhibernating, hibernating, and thawed after freezing at −4°C for 6 hr. Serum concentrations of glucose in thawed frogs were significantly higher than those in hibernating and nonhibernating, active frogs. Periodic acid–Schiff staining showed that the accumulation of glycogen in the hepatocytes increased before hibernation and decreased after freezing and thawing. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis using the liver showed that, compared with active frogs, the type 2 glucose transporter gene (glut2) was upregulated in frozen frogs, the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (pygl) was upregulated in frozen or thawed frogs, and the type 2 glycogen synthase gene (gys2) was upregulated in hibernating frogs. Immunohistochemistry of liver sections showed that, compared with nonhibernating frogs, Glut2 proteins were clearly increased most likely on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes in hibernating frogs and further increased by freezing, then decreased after thawing. These results suggest the possibility that glucose acts as a cryoprotectant in H. japonica.
Incidence of symptomatic Covid‐19 infections in patients with mastocytosis and chronic myeloid leukemia: A comparison with the general Austrian population
Authors: Graf Irene , Herndlhofer Susanne , Kundi Michael , Greiner Georg , Sperr Martina , Hadzijusufovic Emir , Valent Peter , Sperr Wolfgang R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS‐COV‐2 (Covid‐19) pandemic has impacted the management of patients with hematologic disorders. In some entities, an increased risk for Covid‐19 infections was reported, whereas others including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) had a lower mortality. We have analyzed the prevalence of Covid‐19 infections in patients with mastocytosis during the Covid‐19 pandemic in comparison to data from CML patients and the general Austrian population.Materials and MethodsThe prevalence of infections and PCR‐proven Covid‐19 infections was analyzed in 92 patients with mastocytosis. As controls, we used 113 patients with CML and the expected prevalence of Covid‐19 in the general Austrian population.ResultsIn 25% of the patients with mastocytosis (23/92) signs and symptoms of infection, including fever (n = 11), dry cough (n = 10), sore throat (n = 12), pneumonia (n = 1), and dyspnea (n = 3) were recorded. Two (8.7%) of these symptomatic patients had a PCR‐proven Covid‐19 infection. Thus, the prevalence of Covid‐19 infections in mastocytosis was 2.2%. The number of comorbidities, subtype of mastocytosis, regular exercise, smoking habits, age, or duration of disease at the time of interview did not differ significantly between patients with and without Covid‐19 infections. In the CML cohort, 23.9% (27/113) of patients reported signs and symptoms of infection (fever, n = 8; dry cough, n = 17; sore throat, n = 11; dyspnea, n = 5). Six (22.2%) of the symptomatic patients had a PCR‐proven Covid‐19 infection. The prevalence of Covid‐19 in all CML patients was 5.3%. The observed number of Covid‐19 infections neither in mastocytosis nor in CML patients differed significantly from the expected number of Covid‐19 infections in the Austrian population.ConclusionsOur data show no significant difference in the prevalence of Covid‐19 infections among patients with mastocytosis, CML, and the general Austrian population and thus, in mastocytosis, the risk of a Covid‐19 infection was not increased compared to the general population.
Efficacy and safety in patients with haemophilia A switching to octocog alfa (BAY 81–8973): Final results of the global real‐world study, TAURUS
Authors: Santoro Cristina , Fuh Beng , Le Phu Quoc , Maes Philip , Berrueco Rubén , Mingot‐Castellano Eva Maria , von Mackensen Sylvia , Tueckmantel Claudia , Cabre‐Marquez Jose Francisco , Wang Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo report the final results of the 2‐year TAURUS study, assessing weekly prophylaxis dosing regimens of octocog alfa (Kovaltry®/BAY 81–8973) used in standard clinical practice in patients with moderate‐to‐severe haemophilia A.MethodsTAURUS (NCT02830477) is a phase 4, multinational, prospective, non‐interventional, single‐arm study in patients of any age with moderate or severe haemophilia A (≤5% factor [F]VIII activity). TAURUS was designed to primarily investigate weekly prophylaxis dosing regimens used in standard clinical practice. Annualised bleeding rates (ABRs), treatment satisfaction and adherence, and safety were also assessed.ResultsOf 302 patients included in the full analysis set, 84.4% (n = 255) maintained their octocog alfa prophylaxis baseline regimen throughout the study, with a majority of patients (76.5%, n = 231) on two times or three times weekly regimens at the end of the observation period (≥1–≤2 years). ABRs, treatment satisfaction, and adherence remained stable during the observation period. Octocog alfa was well tolerated and there were no new or unexpected adverse events.ConclusionsThese data show that a smooth transition is observed when switching to octocog alfa from a previous FVIII treatment, with no safety issues and stable bleeding rates in a real‐world setting of patients with moderate‐to‐severe haemophilia A.
Evolutionary opportunity and the limits of community similarity in replicate radiations of island lizards
Authors: Frishkoff Luke Owen , Lertzman‐Lepofsky Gavia , Mahler D. Luke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcological community structure ultimately depends on the production of community members by speciation. To understand how macroevolution shapes communities, we surveyedAnolislizard assemblages across elevations on Jamaica and Hispaniola, neighbouring Caribbean islands similar in environment, but contrasting in the richness of their endemic evolutionary radiations. The impact of diversification on local communities depends on available spatial opportunities for speciation within or between ecologically distinct sub‐regions. In the spatially expansive lowlands of both islands, communities converge in species richness and average morphology. But communities diverge in the highlands. On Jamaica, where limited highland area restricted diversification, communities remain depauperate and consist largely of elevational generalists. In contrast, a unique fauna of high‐elevation specialists evolved in the vast Hispaniolan highlands, augmenting highland richness and driving islandwide turnover in community composition. Accounting for disparate evolutionary opportunities may illuminate when regional diversity will enhance local diversity and help predict when communities should converge in structure.