bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Holocene Paleomagnetic Secular Variation in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean
Authors: West Gabriel , Nilsson Andreas , Geels Alexis , Jakobsson Martin , Moros Matthias , Muschitiello Francesco , Pearce Christof , Snowball Ian , O’Regan Matt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe geomagnetic field behavior in polar regions remains poorly understood and documented. Although a number of Late Holocene paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) records exist from marginal settings of the Amerasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean, their age control often relies on a handful of radiocarbon dates to constrain ages over the past 4,200 years. Here we present well‐dated Late Holocene PSV records from two sediment cores recovered from the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean. The records are dated using 26 14C measurements, with local marine reservoir corrections calibrated using tephra layers from the 3.6 cal ka BP Aniakchak eruption in Northern Alaska. These 14C‐based chronologies are extended into the post‐bomb era using caesium‐137 dating, and mercury isochrons. Paleomagnetic measurements and rock magnetic analyses reveal stable characteristic remanent magnetization directions, and a magnetic mineralogy dominated by low‐coercivity minerals. The PSV records conform well to global spherical harmonic field model outputs. Centennial to millennial scale directional features are synchronous between the cores and other Western Arctic records from the area. Due to the robust chronology, these new high‐resolution PSV records provide a valuable contribution to the characterization of geomagnetic field behavior in the Arctic over the past few thousand years, and can aid in developing age models for suitable sediments found in this region.
Associations between changes in caregiver’s and child’s weight status in a community-based obesity intervention programme
Authors: Hadley Thomas S. , Cave Tami L. , Derraik José G. B. , Hofman Paul L. , Anderson Yvonne C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe examined whether caregivers of children/adolescents enroled in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a family-centred intervention indirectly achieved reductions in body mass index (BMI), and if these were associated with changes in their children’s BMI.MethodsRCT participants were New Zealand children/adolescents aged 4.8–16.8 years with BMI ≥ 98th percentile or >91st with weight-related comorbidities. Participants and accompanying caregivers were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months.ResultsOverall, caregivers’ BMI was unchanged at 12 or 24 months. Among Māori participants, reductions in caregivers’ BMI at 12 months were associated with reductions in their children’s BMI SDS at 12 (r = 0.30;p = 0.038) and 24 months (r = 0.39;p = 0.009). Further, children identifying as Māori whose caregivers’ BMI decreased at 12 months had greater BMI SDS reductions at 12 months [﻿−0.30 (95% CI −0.49, −0.10);p = 0.004] and 24 months [﻿−0.39 (95% CI −0.61, −0.16);p = 0.001] than children of caregivers with increased/unchanged BMI.ConclusionsThis intervention programme for children/adolescents with obesity did not indirectly reduce caregiver weight status. However, reductions in caregivers’ BMI were key to BMI SDS reductions among Māori participants. Given the intergenerational nature of obesity, our findings highlight the importance of culturally relevant, family-focused programmes to achieve clinically meaningful improvements in weight status across the family.
Liquid crystal-powered Mie resonators for electrically tunable photorealistic color gradients and dark blacks
Authors: Badloe Trevon , Kim Joohoon , Kim Inki , Kim Won-Sik , Kim Wook Sung , Kim Young-Ki , Rho Junsuk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTaking inspiration from beautiful colors in nature, structural colors produced from nanostructured metasurfaces have shown great promise as a platform for bright, highly saturated, and high-resolution colors. Both plasmonic and dielectric materials have been employed to produce static colors that fulfil the required criteria for high-performance color printing, however, for practical applications in dynamic situations, a form of tunability is desirable. Combinations of the additive color palette of red, green, and blue enable the expression of further colors beyond the three primary colors, while the simultaneous intensity modulation allows access to the full color gamut. Here, we demonstrate an electrically tunable metasurface that can represent saturated red, green, and blue pixels that can be dynamically and continuously controlled between on and off states using liquid crystals. We use this to experimentally realize ultrahigh-resolution color printing, active multicolor cryptographic applications, and tunable pixels toward high-performance full-color reflective displays.
Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: potential mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Lei , Wang Yongqiang , Dai Tong , Qin Ziran , Zhou Fangfang , Zhang Long 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently ongoing. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A high proportion of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Moreover, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the primary habitats of human microbiota and targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection as they express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) at high levels. There is accumulating evidence that the microbiota are significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Microbiota are powerful immunomodulatory factors in various human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and certain viral infections. In the present review, we explore the associations between host microbiota and COVID-19 in terms of their clinical relevance. Microbiota-derived metabolites or components are the main mediators of microbiota-host interactions that influence host immunity. Hence, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which microbiota-derived metabolites or components modulate the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we review and discuss a variety of possible microbiota-based prophylaxes and therapies for COVID-19 and PACS, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and engineered symbiotic bacteria. This treatment strategy could modulate host microbiota and mitigate virus-induced inflammation.
Targeting IL8 as a sequential therapy strategy to overcome chemotherapy resistance in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Jiang Huning , Cui Jiahua , Chu Hao , Xu Tingting , Xie Mengyan , Jing Xinming , Xu Jiali , Zhou Jianwei , Shu Yongqian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSystemic chemotherapy with multiple drug regimens is the main therapy option for advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, many patients develop relapse soon. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of targeting interleukin-8 (IL8) to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in advanced GC. RNA sequencing revealed crucial molecular changes after chemotherapy resistance, in which the expression of IL8 was significantly activated with the increase in drug resistance. Subsequently, the clinical significance of IL8 expression was determined in GC population specimens. IL8-targeted by RNA interference or reparixin reversed chemotherapy resistance with limited toxicity in vivo and vitro experiments. Sequential treatment with first-line, second-line chemotherapy and reparixin inhibited GC growth, reduced toxicity and prolonged survival. Collectively, our study provides a therapeutic strategy that targeting IL8 as a sequential therapy after chemotherapy resistance in advanced GC.
Double-layer geodesic and gradient-index lenses
Authors: Chen Qiao , Horsley Simon A. R. , Fonseca Nelson J. G. , Tyc Tomáš , Quevedo–Teruel Oscar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA double-layer lens consists of a first gradient-index/geodesic profile in an upper waveguide, partially surrounded by a mirror that reflects the wave into a lower guide where there is a second profile. Here, we derive a new family of rotational-symmetric inhomogeneous index profiles and equivalent geodesic lens shapes by solving an inverse problem of pre-specified focal points. We find an equivalence where single-layer lenses have a different functionality as double-layer lenses with the same profiles. As an example, we propose, manufacture, and experimentally validate a practical implementation of a geodesic double-layer lens that is engineered for a low-profile antenna with a compact footprint in the millimeter wave band. Its unique double-layer configuration allows for two-dimensional beam scanning using the same footprint as an extension of the presented design. These lenses may find applications in future wireless communication systems and sensing instruments in microwave, sub-terahertz, and optical domains.
Regulation of chromatin accessibility by the histone chaperone CAF-1 sustains lineage fidelity
Authors: Franklin Reuben , Guo Yiming , He Shiyang , Chen Meijuan , Ji Fei , Zhou Xinyue , Frankhouser David , Do Brian T. , Chiem Carmen , Jang Mihyun , Blanco M. Andres , Vander Heiden Matthew G. , Rockne Russell C. , Ninova Maria , Sykes David B. , Hochedlinger Konrad , Lu Rui , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Murn Jernej , Volk Andrew , Cheloufi Sihem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCell fate commitment is driven by dynamic changes in chromatin architecture and activity of lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs). The chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) is a histone chaperone that regulates chromatin architecture by facilitating nucleosome assembly during DNA replication. Accumulating evidence supports a substantial role of CAF-1 in cell fate maintenance, but the mechanisms by which CAF-1 restricts lineage choice remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how CAF-1 influences chromatin dynamics and TF activity during lineage differentiation. We show that CAF-1 suppression triggers rapid differentiation of myeloid stem and progenitor cells into a mixed lineage state. We find that CAF-1 sustains lineage fidelity by controlling chromatin accessibility at specific loci, and limiting the binding of ELF1 TF at newly-accessible diverging regulatory elements. Together, our findings decipher key traits of chromatin accessibility that sustain lineage integrity and point to a powerful strategy for dissecting transcriptional circuits central to cell fate commitment.
Mitofusin 1 and 2 regulation of mitochondrial DNA content is a critical determinant of glucose homeostasis
Authors: Sidarala Vaibhav , Zhu Jie , Levi-D’Ancona Elena , Pearson Gemma L. , Reck Emma C. , Walker Emily M. , Kaufman Brett A. , Soleimanpour Scott A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dynamin-like GTPases Mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2) are essential for mitochondrial function, which has been principally attributed to their regulation of fission/fusion dynamics. Here, we report that Mfn1 and 2 are critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) primarily through control of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Whereas Mfn1 and Mfn2 individually were dispensable for glucose homeostasis, combined Mfn1/2 deletion in β-cells reduced mtDNA content, impaired mitochondrial morphology and networking, and decreased respiratory function, ultimately resulting in severe glucose intolerance. Importantly, gene dosage studies unexpectedly revealed that Mfn1/2 control of glucose homeostasis was dependent on maintenance of mtDNA content, rather than mitochondrial structure. Mfn1/2 maintain mtDNA content by regulating the expression of the crucial mitochondrial transcription factor Tfam, as Tfam overexpression ameliorated the reduction in mtDNA content and GSIS in Mfn1/2-deficient β-cells. Thus, the primary physiologic role of Mfn1 and 2 in β-cells is coupled to the preservation of mtDNA content rather than mitochondrial architecture, and Mfn1 and 2 may be promising targets to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction and restore glucose control in diabetes.
Nonlinearity-mediated digitization and amplification in electromechanical phonon-cavity systems
Authors: Miao Tongqiao , Zhou Xin , Wu Xuezhong , Li Qingsong , Hou Zhanqiang , Hu Xiaoping , Wang Zenghui , Xiao Dingbang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectromechanical phonon-cavity systems are man-made micro-structures, in which vibrational energy can be coherently transferred between different degrees of freedom. In such devices, the energy transfer direction and coupling strength can be parametrically controlled, offering great opportunities for both fundamental studies and practical applications such as phonon manipulation and sensing. However, to date the investigation of such systems has largely been limited to linear vibrations, while their responses in the nonlinear regime remain yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate nonlinear operation of electromechanical phonon-cavity systems, and show that the resonant response differs drastically from that in the linear regime. We further demonstrate that by controlling the parametric pump, one can achieve nonlinearity-mediated digitization and amplification in the frequency domain, which can be exploited to build high-performance MEMS sensing devices based on phonon-cavity systems. Our findings offer intriguing opportunities for creating frequency-shift-based sensors and transducers.
Direct observation of elemental fluctuation and oxygen octahedral distortion-dependent charge distribution in high entropy oxides
Authors: Su Lei , Huyan Huaixun , Sarkar Abhishek , Gao Wenpei , Yan Xingxu , Addiego Christopher , Kruk Robert , Hahn Horst , Pan Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe enhanced compositional flexibility to incorporate multiple-principal cations in high entropy oxides (HEOs) offers the opportunity to expand boundaries for accessible compositions and unconventional properties in oxides. Attractive functionalities have been reported in some bulk HEOs, which are attributed to the long-range compositional homogeneity, lattice distortion, and local chemical bonding characteristics in materials. However, the intricate details of local composition fluctuation, metal-oxygen bond distortion and covalency are difficult to visualize experimentally, especially on the atomic scale. Here, we study the atomic structure-chemical bonding-property correlations in a series of perovskite-HEOs utilizing the recently developed four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques which enables to determine the structure, chemical bonding, electric field, and charge density on the atomic scale. The existence of compositional fluctuations along with significant composition-dependent distortion of metal-oxygen bonds is observed. Consequently, distinct variations of metal-oxygen bonding covalency are shown by the real-space charge-density distribution maps with sub-ångström resolution. The observed atomic features not only provide a realistic picture of the local physico-chemistry of chemically complex HEOs but can also be directly correlated to their distinctive magneto-electronic properties.
Covalent organic frameworks with high quantum efficiency in sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Chunzhi , Liu Jiali , Li He , Wu Kaifeng , Wang Junhui , Yang Qihua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic semiconductors offer a tunable platform for photocatalysis, yet the more difficult exciton dissociation, compared to that in inorganic semiconductors, lowers their photocatalytic activities. In this work, we report that the charge carrier lifetime is dramatically prolonged by incorporating a suitable donor-acceptor (β-ketene-cyano) pair into a covalent organic framework nanosheet. These nanosheets show an apparent quantum efficiency up to 82.6% at 450 nm using platinum as co-catalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution. Charge carrier kinetic analysis and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy characterizations verify that these modified covalent organic framework nanosheets have intrinsically lower exciton binding energies and longer-lived charge carriers than the corresponding nanosheets without the donor-acceptor unit. This work provides a model for gaining insight into the nature of short-lived active species in polymeric organic photocatalysts.
How coherence is governing diffuson heat transfer in amorphous solids
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Guo Yangyu , Bescond Marc , Chen Jie , Nomura Masahiro , Volz Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermal transport in amorphous materials has remained one of the fundamental questions in solid state physics while involving a very large field of applications. Using a heat conduction theory incorporating coherence, we demonstrate that the strong phase correlation between local and non-propagating modes, commonly named diffusons in the terminology of amorphous systems, triggers the conduction of heat. By treating the thermal vibrations as collective excitations, the significant contribution of diffusons, predominantly relying on coherence, further reveals interesting temperature and length dependences of thermal conductivity. The propagation length of diffuson clusters is found to reach the micron, overpassing the one of propagons. The explored wavelike behavior of diffusons uncovers the unsolved physical picture of mode correlation in prevailing models and further provides an interpretation of their ability to transport heat. This work introduces a framework for understanding thermal vibrations and transport in amorphous materials, as well as an unexpected insight into the wave nature of thermal vibrations.
Neurogenesis mediated plasticity is associated with reduced neuronal activity in CA1 during context fear memory retrieval
Authors: Evans Alexandria , Terstege Dylan J. , Scott Gavin A. , Tsutsui Mio , Epp Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPostnatal hippocampal neurogenesis has been demonstrated to affect learning and memory in numerous ways. Several studies have now demonstrated that increased neurogenesis can induce forgetting of memories acquired prior to the manipulation of neurogenesis and, as a result of this forgetting can also facilitate new learning. However, the mechanisms mediating neurogenesis-induced forgetting are not well understood. Here, we used a subregion-based analysis of the immediate early gene c-Fos as well as in vivo fiber photometry to determine changes in activity corresponding with neurogenesis induced forgetting. We found that increasing neurogenesis led to reduced CA1 activity during context memory retrieval. We also demonstrate here that perineuronal net expression in areas CA1 is bidirectionally altered by the levels or activity of postnatally generated neurons in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that neurogenesis may induce forgetting by disrupting perineuronal nets in CA1 which may otherwise protect memories from degradation.
Utilizing interdigital and supershape geometries for the design of frequency selective surfaces with high angular and polarization stabilities
Authors: Khajevandi Amir , Oraizi Homayoon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this research article, the superformula is used to design the geometry of a frequency selective surface (FSS) unit cell, which resembles the shapes found in nature. The designed shape of unit cell is like petals, which may take different form by varying the values of six parameters. The proposed FSS unit cell has both angular and polarization stabilities of incident wave. For the miniaturization of FSS and decrease of resonance frequency, interdigital capacitances (IDCs) are devised in the FSS structure, which do not deteriorate angular and polarization stabilities. The dimensions of the unit cell are 10 mm × 10 mm and the resonance frequency is specified as 3.5 GHz. An equivalent circuit is derived for the unit cell to evaluate its frequency responses. Its performance as the transmission coefficient is obtained by the equivalent circuit and full-wave simulation. The effects of variations of the geometrical dimensions of the FSS unit cell on its performance are studied. A prototype model of proposed FSS is fabricated and measured. The performance of its equivalent circuit, full-wave computer simulation results and measured data are compared and are shown to be in good agreement.
A turning point in the bacterial nanocellulose production employing low doses of gamma radiation
Authors: Al-Hagar Ola E. A. , Abol-Fotouh Deyaa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the recent years, huge efforts have been conducted to conceive a cost-effective production process of the bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), thanks to its marvelous properties and broadening applications. Herein, we unveiled the impact of gamma irradiation on the BNC yield by a novel bacterial strain Komagataeibacter hansenii KO28 which was exposed to different irradiation doses via a designed scheme, where the productivity and the structural properties of the BNC were inspected. After incubation for 240 h, the highest BNC yield was perceived from the culture treated twice with 0.5 kGy, recording about 475% higher than the control culture. Furthermore, almost 92% of its BNC yield emerged in the first six days. The physicochemical characteristics of the BNCs were investigated adopting scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Additionally, the water holding capacity, water release rate, surface area (BET), and mechanical properties were configured for the BNC generated from the control and the irradiated cultures. As a whole, there were no significant variations in the properties of the BNC produced by the irradiated cultures versus the control, proposing the strain irradiation as a valuable, facile, and cheap route to augment the BNC yield.
Analyzing the learning curve of vaginal pelvic reconstruction surgery with and without mesh by the cumulative summation test (CUSUM)
Authors: Wu Chin-Jui , Huang Kuan-Ju , Chang Wen-Chun , Li Ying-Xuan , Wei Lin-Hung , Sheu Bor-Ching 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWomen who underwent vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery with or without mesh consecutively between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the learning curve in vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery. With cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis of surgical failure and operation time, we assessed the learning curve of vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery, including sacrospinous ligament fixation, anterior colporrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy, and optional vaginal hysterectomy with or without mesh placement. The study is based on two individual surgeons who performed vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery with or without mesh. Two hundred and sixty-four women with stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse underwent vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery by surgeons A or B. The median follow-up time of 44 months ranged from 24 to 120 months. Surgical proficiency was achieved in 32–33 vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery procedures without mesh and 37–47 procedures in the same surgery with mesh. The total surgical success rates for surgeons A and B were 82.2% and 94.1%, with median follow-up times of 60 and 33 months, respectively. More procedures were needed for the learning curve of vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery with mesh. Having crossed the proficiency boundary, the surgical success rate and operation time were improved.