bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animals and the ‘Directionality’ of Duties
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter proposes a revision to Kant’s conception of interpersonal obligation so that it allows for duties to obtain towards animals. Kant endorses the view that the directionality of duties hinges on the sharing of the moral law. The chapter first discusses how difficult it is to account for a moral law that is simultaneously supposed to be autonomously imposed and interpersonally shared. It then proposes a revision to Kant’s view: We can account for the directionality of duties in terms of their content rather than their form. Duties to others are simply duties that concern others in a particular way. This view eliminates all second-personal authority from Kant’s ethics. The chapter discusses the implications of this purely ‘first-personal’ view of interpersonal obligation.
Extend the Levin-Wen model to two-dimensional topological orders with gapped boundary junctions
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Hu Yuting , Wan Yidun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A realistic material may possess defects, which often bring the material new properties that have practical applications. The boundary defects of a two-dimensional topologically ordered system are thought of as an alternative way of realizing topological quantum computation. To facilitate the study of such boundary defects, in this paper, we construct an exactly solvable Hamiltonian model of topological orders with gapped boundary junctions, where the boundary defects reside, by placing the Levin-Wen model on a disk, whose gapped boundary is separated into multiple segments by junctions. We derive a formula of the ground state degeneracy and an explicit ground-state basis of our model. We propose the notion of mobile and immobile charges on the boundary and find that they are quantum observables and label the ground-state basis. Our model is computation friendly.
Entanglement renormalization of a $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$-deformed CFT
Authors: Cardona B. , Molina-Vilaplana J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work we use cMERA, a continuous tensor network, to find a Gaussian approximation to the ground state of a T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

-deformed scalar CFT on the line, to first order in the deformation parameter. The result is used to find the correction to the correlators of scaling operators of the theory and to the entanglement entropy of a half-line. From the latter, we discuss the non-localities induced by the T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

deformation at short length scales. We find that the kind of non-locality generated by those terms can be considered as a mild-one, in the sense that it does not violate the area law of entanglement. In the context of the conjectured connection between cMERA and holography, we find that at first insight a finite bulk radius can be defined in the putative geometric dual description of cMERA. However, the entropy analysis contradicts the proposal that no geometry can be ascribed to the region outside this radial cutoff.
Sweet-Syndrom des Kindesalters mit erworbener Cutis laxa (Marshall-Syndrom) als Erstmanifestation einer Takayasu-Arteriitis
Authors: Michl Christiane , Hühn Regina , Sunderkötter Cord 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungEine Besonderheit des seltenen Sweet-Syndroms des Kindesalters ist die fakultative Abheilung in Form einer postinflammatorischen Elastolyse mit erworbener Cutis laxa, die nach dem Erstbeschreiber als Marshall-Syndrom benannt wird. Wir berichten von einem 3‑jährigen Kind, bei dem ein derartiges Sweet-Syndrom zur Erstdiagnose einer Takayasu-Arteriitis führte. Die postinflammatorische Elastolyse mit erworbener Cutis laxa stellt beim kindlichen Sweet-Syndrom einen klinisch relevanten kutanen Indikator für lebensbedrohliche kardiale Gefäßkomplikationen wie Aortitis, Aortenaneurysma, Koronararterienstenose und Herzversagen dar. Da das Cutis-laxa-artig abheilende Sweet-Syndrom den kardialen Komplikationen zumeist zeitlich vorausgeht oder wie in unserem Fall simultan auftritt, sollten die betroffenen Patienten umgehend kardiologisch und rheumatologisch untersucht werden, um bei vaskulärer Beteiligung einen komplikativen Verlauf durch frühe antiinflammatorische und immunmodulierende Systemtherapie zu verhindern.
Quantum invariants of hyperbolic knots and extreme values of trigonometric products
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , Borda Bence 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the relation between the function $$J_{4_1,0}$$

J

4
1

,
0

, which arises from a quantum invariant of the figure-eight knot, and Sudler’s trigonometric product. We find $$J_{4_1,0}$$

J

4
1

,
0

up to a constant factor along continued fraction convergents to a quadratic irrational, and we show that its asymptotics deviates from the universal limiting behavior that has been found by Bettin and Drappeau in the case of large partial quotients. We relate the value of $$J_{4_1,0}$$

J

4
1

,
0

to that of Sudler’s trigonometric product, and establish asymptotic upper and lower bounds for such Sudler products in response to a question of Lubinsky.
Distinct tau neuropathology and cellular profiles of an APOE3 Christchurch homozygote protected against autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Sepulveda-Falla Diego , Sanchez Justin S. , Almeida Maria Camila , Boassa Daniela , Acosta-Uribe Juliana , Vila-Castelar Clara , Ramirez-Gomez Liliana , Baena Ana , Aguillon David , Villalba-Moreno Nelson David , Littau Jessica Lisa , Villegas Andres , Beach Thomas G. , White Charles L. , Ellisman Mark , Krasemann Susanne , Glatzel Markus , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Reiman Eric M. , Arboleda-Velasquez Joseph F. , Kosik Kenneth S. , Lopera Francisco , Quiroz Yakeel T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe in vivo follow-up PET imaging and postmortem findings from an autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) PSEN1 E280A carrier who was also homozygous for the APOE3 Christchurch (APOE3ch) variant and was protected against Alzheimer’s symptoms for almost three decades beyond the expected age of onset. We identified a distinct anatomical pattern of tau pathology with atypical accumulation in vivo and unusual postmortem regional distribution characterized by sparing in the frontal cortex and severe pathology in the occipital cortex. The frontal cortex and the hippocampus, less affected than the occipital cortex by tau pathology, contained Related Orphan Receptor B (RORB) positive neurons, homeostatic astrocytes and higher APOE expression. The occipital cortex, the only cortical region showing cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), exhibited a distinctive chronic inflammatory microglial profile and lower APOE expression. Thus, the Christchurch variant may impact the distribution of tau pathology, modulate age at onset, severity, progression, and clinical presentation of ADAD, suggesting possible therapeutic strategies.
Evaluating the rare cases of cortical vertigo using disconnectome mapping
Authors: Conrad Julian , Boegle Rainer , Ruehl Ria Maxine , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn rare cases, cortical infarcts lead to vertigo. We evaluated structural and functional disconnection in patients with acute vertigo due to unilateral ischemic cortical infarcts compared to infarcts without vertigo in a similar location with a focus on the connectivity of the vestibular cortex, i.e., the parieto-opercular (retro-)insular cortex (PIVC). Using lesion maps from the ten published case reports, we computed lesion–functional connectivity networks in a set of healthy individuals from the human connectome project. The probability of lesion disconnection was evaluated by white matter disconnectome mapping. In all ten cases with rotational vertigo, disconnections of interhemispheric connections via the corpus callosum were present but were spared in lesions of the PIVC without vertigo. Further, the arcuate fascicle was affected in 90% of the lesions that led to vertigo and spared in lesions that did not lead to vertigo. The lesion–functional connectivity network included vestibulo-cerebellar hubs, the vestibular nuclei, the PIVC, the retro-insular and posterior insular cortex, the multisensory vestibular ventral intraparietal area, motion-sensitive areas (temporal area MT+ and cingulate visual sulcus) as well as hubs for ocular motor control (lateral intraparietal area, cingulate and frontal eye fields). However, this was not sufficient to differentiate between lesions with and without vertigo. Disruption of interhemispheric connections of both PIVC via the corpus callosum and intra-hemispheric disconnection via the arcuate fascicle might be the distinguishing factor between vestibular cortical network lesions that manifest with vertigo compared to those without vertigo.
Awareness, Willingness and Use of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Female Sex Workers Living in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Faini Diana , Munseri Patricia , Sandstrom Eric , Hanson Claudia , Bakari Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTanzania is in the final stages to roll out pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to Female Sex Workers (FSWs) so as to reduce new infections. PrEP demonstration projects support programming through gaining first experiences.We analyzed data from a cohort of 700 HIV negative FSWs in Dar-es-Salaam to determine proportions of FSWs who were aware, willing and used PrEP. We compared proportions at cohort enrolment and after 12 months. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with PrEP use. PrEP awareness increased from 67% to 97% after 12 months. Willingness was high at both time points (98% versus 96%). Only 8% (57/700) had used PrEP. Being married/cohabiting or separated/divorced/widowed and having sex with a HIV infected partner were independently associated with PrEP use. The PrEP program should focus on scaling up access as willingness to use PrEP is high.
The Hmong Medical Corpus: a biomedical corpus for a minority language
Authors: White Nathan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiomedical communication is an area that increasingly benefits from natural language processing (NLP) work. Biomedical named entity recognition (NER) in particular provides a foundation for advanced NLP applications, such as automated medical question-answering and translation services. However, while a large body of biomedical documents are available in an array of languages, most work in biomedical NER remains in English, with the remainder in official national or regional languages. Minority languages so far remain an underexplored area. The Hmong language, a minority language with sizable populations in several countries and without official status anywhere, represents an exceptional challenge for effective communication in medical contexts. Taking advantage of the large number of government-produced medical information documents in Hmong, we have developed the first named entity-annotated biomedical corpus for a resource-poor minority language. The Hmong Medical Corpus contains 100,535 tokens with 4554 named entities (NEs) of three UMLS semantic types: diseases/syndromes, signs/symptoms, and body parts/organs/organ components. Furthermore, a subset of the corpus is annotated for word position and parts of speech, representing the first such gold-standard dataset publicly available for Hmong. The methodology presented provides a readily reproducible approach for the creation of biomedical NE-annotated corpora for other resource-poor languages.
Cytogenetic and developmental toxicity of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in Arbacia lixula sea urchin embryos
Authors: Rezg Raja , Oral Rahime , Tez Serkan , Mornagui Bessem , Pagano Giovanni , Trifuoggi Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBisphenol S (BP-S) is one of the most important substitutes of bisphenol A (BP-A), and its environmental occurrence is predicted to intensify in the future. Both BP-A and BP-S were tested for adverse effects on early life stages of Arbacia lixula sea urchins at 0.1 up to 100 µM test concentrations, by evaluating cytogenetic and developmental toxicity endpoints. Embryonic malformations and/or mortality were scored to determine embryotoxicity (72 h post-fertilization). It has been reported in academic dataset that bisphenols concentration reached μg/L in aquatic environment of heavily polluted areas. We have chosen concentrations ranging from 0.1–100 μM in order to highlight, in particular, BP-S effects. Attention should be paid to this range of concentrations in the context of the evaluation of the toxicity and the ecological risk of BP-S as emerging pollutant. Cytogenetic toxicity was measured, using mitotic activity and chromosome aberrations score in embryos (6 h post-fertilization). Both BP-A and BP-S exposures induced embryotoxic effects from 2.5 to 100 µM test concentrations as compared to controls. Malformed embryo percentages following BP-A exposure were significantly higher than in BP-S-exposed embryos from 0.25 to 100 µM (with a ~5-fold difference). BP-A, not BP-S exhibited cytogenetic toxicity at 25 and 100 µM. Our results indicate an embryotoxic potential of bisphenols during critical periods of development with a potent rank order to BP-A vs. BP-S. Thus, we show that BP-A alternative induce similar toxic effects to BP-A with lower severity.
Transgender EU Citizens and the Limited Form of Union Citizenship available to them
Authors: Lashyn Serhii 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article argues that only a limited form of EU citizenship is available to transgender people. As the paper demonstrates, transgender Union citizens face numerous difficulties when they exercise their right to free movement, despite such movement being the core of Union citizenship. Rather, transgender individuals only have access to a considerably restricted form of EU citizenship which is guaranteed as part of their fundamental status conferred by EU Treaties. The article points out that the current approach of including transgender discrimination in the purview of discrimination on the grounds of sex fails to tackle the issue because it is conceptually problematic and largely ineffective. As a solution to remedy the issue, the paper suggests overhauling the existent approach to trans discrimination in a way that makes it capable of ensuring that transgender persons enjoy their Union citizenship to its fullest extent.
Biological evaluation of acellular bovine bone matrix treated with NaOH
Authors: Li Pengfei , Feng Mengchun , Hu Xiantong , Zhang Chunli , Zhu Jialiang , Xu Gang , Li Li , Zhao Yantao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe mainly proceed from the view of biological effect to study the acellular bovine bone matrix (ABBM) by the low concentration of hydrogen oxidation. After cleaning the bovine bone routinely, it was cleaned with different concentrations of NaOH and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the effect of decellulization. The effect of bovine bone matrix treated with NaOH were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compared by DNA residue detection. Cell toxicity was also evaluated in MC3T3-E1 cells by CCK-8. For the in vitro osteogenesis detection, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red (AR) staining were performed in MC3T3-E1 cells. And the in vivo experiment, Micro CT, HE and Masson staining were used to observe whether the osteogenic effect of the materials treated with 1% NaOH solution was affected at 6 and 12 weeks. After the bovine bone was decellularized with different concentrations of NaOH solution, HE staining showed that ultrasonic cleaning with 1% NaOH solution for 30 min had the best effect of decellularization. The SEM showed that ABBM treated with 1% NaOH solution had few residual cells on the surface of the three-dimensional porous compared to ABBM treated with conventional chemical reagents. DNA residues and cytotoxicity of ABBM treated with 1% NaOH were both reduced. The results of ALP staining and AR staining showed that ABBM treated with 1% NaOH solution had no effect on the osteogenesis effect. The results of micro-CT, HE staining and Masson staining in animal experiments also showed that ABBM treated with 1% NaOH solution had no effect on the osteogenesis ability. The decellularization treatment of ABBM with the low concentration of NaOH can be more cost-effective, effectively remove the residual cellular components, without affecting the osteogenic ability. Our work may provide a novelty thought and a modified method to applicate the acellular bovine bone matrix clinically better.
Social Innovation: A Retrospective Perspective
Authors: Satalkina Liliya , Steiner Gerald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the last several decades, the concept of social innovation has been a subject of scientific and practical discourse. As an important paradigm for innovation policies, social innovation is also an object of criticism and debate. Despite a significant proliferation of literature, the rate at which social innovation is a catalyst for coping with challenges of modern societies remains unclear. The goal of the paper is to gain a better understanding of social innovation by integrating past and present views on the concept. Applying a historical overview covering the period from the 19th to the 21st century, we outline the milestones in the evolution of social innovation and distinguish seven trajectories that illustrate the commonalities in its interpretation. We consolidate the findings into a three-dimensional model that defines social innovation as an intervention that is targeted toward structural changes within a social dimension that, in terms of different functional settings (e.g., technological, business, organizational), are oriented on systemic improvements of societies. Reflecting on future avenues, we consider social innovation as an integrative part of a holistic intervention that acts across single societal dimensions and provides systemic impact for the sustainable development of societies.
Guiding Science and Mathematics Learning when Students Construct Representations
Authors: Prain Vaughan , Xu Lihua , Speldewinde Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a long tradition of teaching science through inquiry, with broad agreement about the form it should take. Students should investigate researchable questions; gather and analyse data; and develop and represent evidence-based claims. Authoritative teacher or textbook representations are generally used to guide this learning (Buckley & Boulter, 2000; Bybee, 1997; Furtak et al., 2012; Sell et al., 2006). Parallel to this approach, teachers have also guided students to construct, review and refine their own representations, leading to learning gains. However, this student representation construction approach poses new challenges for teachers. The teacher is expected to elicit and guide students’ reasoning about their own represented claims as an orientation to understanding and learning scientific forms of reasoning and their representation. In this paper, drawing on our initial account of this pedagogy, we aim to clarify further this approach’s rationale and teacher strategies and underlying purposes in key early stages of exploration in the topics of chemistry and mathematics with a Grade 5 class. An interdisciplinary focus was used to guide students’ learning about the science concepts of states of matter, evaporation and the mathematical concepts of formal and informal measurement and data representation. Analysed data included video capture of the teacher’s guidance of tasks and classroom discussion, student artefacts and teacher and student interviews. We identify how the teacher framed the task, oriented student inquiry and guided evaluation of students’ representations through implicit and explicit instruction.
Language, Communication and the Gift Economy: A Semioethic Approach
Authors: Petrilli Susan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaternal gift-giving sustains life and creates positive human relations. Addressing important issues in the theory of language and communication, Genevieve Vaughan associates language and mothering to the free gift economy. A fundamental hypothesis is that maternal gift-giving, mothering/being-mothered forms a non-essentialist, but fundamental core process of material and verbal communication that has been neglected by the Western view of the world. The mothering/being-mothered paradigm is thematized in the framework of gift logic, which is otherness logic. Restoring such a paradigm offers a new light on language, communication and human relations, contributing to recovery of the “properly human” in terms of gift economy values, ultimately to the end of affecting social praxis for radical social change and creating better worlds. The second part of this text is titled “For the Sake of the Other” and presents an exchange of ideas with Vaughan in the form of a written conversation.This text is structured around the following titles: 1. Otherness and Gifting as the Basis of Communication: 1.1. Semiosis, Language, and the Gift Economy; 1.2. The Gift of Speaking and the “Mother Work Schema”; 1.3. Material gifting, Verbal Nurturing, Imagination; 1.4. New Perspectives for Studies in Language and Communication; 2. For the Sake of the Other, with Genevieve Vaughan.
Galactic Cosmic Rays Throughout the Heliosphere and in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Rankin Jamie S. , Bindi Veronica , Bykov Andrei M. , Cummings Alan C. , Della Torre Stefano , Florinski Vladimir , Heber Bernd , Potgieter Marius S. , Stone Edward C. , Zhang Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe review recent observations and modeling developments on the subject of galactic cosmic rays through the heliosphere and in the Very Local Interstellar Medium, emphasizing knowledge that has accumulated over the past decade. We begin by highlighting key measurements of cosmic-ray spectra by Voyager, PAMELA, and AMS and discuss advances in global models of solar modulation. Next, we survey recent works related to large-scale, long-term spatial and temporal variations of cosmic rays in different regimes of the solar wind. Then we highlight new discoveries from beyond the heliopause and link these to the short-term evolution of transients caused by solar activity. Lastly, we visit new results that yield interesting insights from a broader astrophysical perspective.
Analysis of red blood cells from peripheral blood smear images for anemia detection: a methodological review
Authors: K.T. Navya , Prasad Keerthana , Singh Brij Mohan Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnemia is a blood disorder which is caused due to inadequate red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration. It occurs in all phases of life cycle but is more dominant in pregnant women and infants. According to the survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) (McLean et al.,Public Health Nutr12(4):444–454, 2009), anemia affects 1.62 billion people constituting 24.8% of the population and is considered the world’s second leading cause of illness. The Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) examination plays an important role in evaluating hematological disorders. Anemia is diagnosed using PBS. Being the most powerful analytical tool, manual analysis approach is still in use even though it is tedious, prone to errors, time-consuming and requires qualified laboratorians. It is evident that there is a need for an inexpensive, automatic and robust technique to detect RBC disorders from PBS. Automation of PBS analysis is very active field of research that motivated many research groups to develop methods using image processing. In this paper, we present a review of the methods used to analyze the characteristics of RBC from PBS images using image processing techniques. We have categorized these methods into three groups based on approaches such as RBC segmentation, RBC classification and detection of anemia, and classification of anemia. The outcome of this review has been presented as a list of observations.Graphical abstract