bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can minimal clinically important differences in patient reported outcome measures be predicted by machine learning in patients with total knee or hip arthroplasty? A systematic review
Authors: Langenberger Benedikt , Thoma Andreas , Vogt Verena 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To systematically review studies using machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict whether patients undergoing total knee or total hip arthroplasty achieve an improvement as high or higher than the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) (classification problem).

Methods
Studies were eligible to be included in the review if they collected PROMs both pre- and postintervention, reported the method of MCID calculation and applied ML. ML was defined as a family of models which automatically learn from data when selecting features, identifying nonlinear relations or interactions. Predictive performance must have been assessed using common metrics. Studies were searched on MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. Study selection and risk of bias assessment (ROB) was conducted by two independent researchers.

Results
517 studies were eligible for title and abstract screening. After screening title and abstract, 18 studies qualified for full-text screening. Finally, six studies were included. The most commonly applied ML algorithms were random forest and gradient boosting. Overall, eleven different ML algorithms have been applied in all papers. All studies reported at least fair predictive performance, with two reporting excellent performance. Sample size varied widely across studies, with 587 to 34,110 individuals observed. PROMs also varied widely across studies, with sixteen applied to TKA and six applied to THA. There was no single PROM utilized commonly in all studies. All studies calculated MCIDs for PROMs based on anchor-based or distribution-based methods or referred to literature which did so. Five studies reported variable importance for their models. Two studies were at high risk of bias.

Discussion
No ML model was identified to perform best at the problem stated, nor can any PROM said to be best predictable. Reporting standards must be improved to reduce risk of bias and improve comparability to other studies.
Cost of integrating assisted partner services in HIV testing services in Kisumu and Homa Bay counties, Kenya: a microcosting study
Authors: Wamuti Beatrice , Sharma Monisha , Kariithi Edward , Lagat Harison , Otieno George , Bosire Rose , Masyuko Sarah , Mugambi Mary , Weiner Bryan J. , Katz David A. , Farquhar Carey , Levin Carol 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV assisted partner services (aPS), or provider notification and testing for sexual and injecting partners of people diagnosed with HIV, is shown to be safe, effective, and cost-effective and was scaled up within the national HIV testing services (HTS) program in Kenya in 2016. We estimated the costs of integrating aPS into routine HTS within an ongoing aPS scale-up project in western Kenya.

Methods
We conducted microcosting using the payer perspective in 14 facilities offering aPS. Although aPS was offered to both males and females testing HIV-positive (index clients), we only collected data on female index clients and their male sex partners (MSP). We used activity-based costing to identify key aPS activities, inputs, resources, and estimated financial and economic costs of goods and services. We analyzed costs by start-up (August 2018), and recurrent costs one-year after aPS implementation (Kisumu: August 2019; Homa Bay: January 2020) and conducted time-and-motion observations of aPS activities. We estimated the incremental costs of aPS, average cost per MSP traced, tested, testing HIV-positive, and on antiretroviral therapy, cost shares, and costs disaggregated by facility.

Results
Overall, the number of MSPs traced, tested, testing HIV-positive, and on antiretroviral therapy was 1027, 869, 370, and 272 respectively. Average unit costs per MSP traced, tested, testing HIV-positive, and on antiretroviral therapy were $34.54, $42.50, $108.71 and $152.28, respectively, which varied by county and facility client volume. The weighted average incremental cost of integrating aPS was $7,485.97 per facility per year, with recurrent costs accounting for approximately 90% of costs. The largest cost drivers were personnel (49%) and transport (13%). Providers spent approximately 25% of the HTS visit obtaining MSP contact information (HIV-negative clients: 13 out of 54 min; HIV-positive clients: 20 out of 96 min), while the median time spent per MSP traced on phone and in-person was 6 min and 2.5 hours, respectively.

Conclusion
Average facility costs will increase when integrating aPS to HTS with incremental costs largely driven by personnel and transport. Strategies to efficiently utilize healthcare personnel will be critical for effective, affordable, and sustainable aPS.
Comprehensive analysis of Twitter usage during a major medical conference held virtually versus in-person
Authors: Beste Nedim Christoph , Davis Xue , Kloeckner Roman , Celik Erkan , Korenkov Michael , Maintz David , Dratsch Thomas , Pinto dos Santos Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Twitter has become one of the most important social media platforms in science communication. During scientific conferences, Twitter can facilitate the communication between audience and speakers present at the venue and can extend the reach of a conference to participants following along from home. To examine whether Twitter activity can serve as a surrogate parameter for attendance at the RSNA conferences in 2019 and in 2020, and to characterize changes in topics discussed due to the virtual character of the 2020 RSNA conference.

Methods
The Twitter API and R Studio were used to analyze the absolute number and frequency of tweets, retweets, and conference-related hashtags during the 2019 and 2020 RSNA conference. Topics of discussion were compared across years by visualizing networks of co-occurring hashtags.

Results
There was a 46% decrease in total tweets and a 39% decrease in individual Twitter users in 2020, mirroring a 43% decrease in registered attendees during the virtual conference. Hashtags related to social initiatives in radiology (e.g., “#radxx” and “#womeninradiology” for promoting women’s empowerment in radiology or “#pinksocks,” “#weareradiology” and “#diversityisgenius” for diversity in general) were less frequently used in 2020 than in 2019.

Conclusion
Twitter and congress attendance were highly related and interpersonal topics underwent less discussion during the virtual meeting. Overall engagement during the virtual conference in 2020 was lower compared to the in-person conference in 2019.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-Editing Catalytic Polypeptide-Like–Induced Protein Changes in Estrogen Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Breast Cancer Throughout Disease Progression
Authors: Bos Manouk K. , Smid Marcel , Sleijfer Stefan , Martens John W. M. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSEApolipoprotein B mRNA-Editing Catalytic Polypeptide-like (APOBEC) enzymes are mutagenic factors contributing to tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, the effects of APOBEC-induced protein changes have not been systematically assessed. Here, we describe the effects of APOBEC on the coding sequence in primary and metastatic estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) breast cancer (BC).METHODSWe determined the enrichment of amino acid (AA) changes resulting from APOBEC mutagenesis in 323 primary BC tumors and 424 metastatic breast cancer (mBC) lesions via comparison with a simulated mutational genomic landscape not under selection pressure. We subsequently explored genes with recurrent APOBEC-associated AA changes and investigated the clonality of individual APOBEC-associated mutations. Using public sequencing data from an independent primary BC and mBC cohort, we further confirm our findings by reporting genes having these enriched AA changes in an APOBEC context.RESULTSOur analysis demonstrated that several APOBEC-derived AA changes are significantly enriched compared with a simulated AA change distribution drawn at random. Among the enriched AA changes, Glutamate(E)>Lysine(K) and Glutamate(E)>Glutamine(Q) were mostly found at hotspots in oncogenes, whereas termination codons (Glutamine[Q]>STOP[X] and Serine[S]>STOP[X]) occurred in tumor suppressor genes and, mostly, not at hotspot locations. These mutations are found in genes contributing to BC initiation, eg, introduction of termination codons in TP53, MAP3K1, and CDH1 (in lobular BC) and two oncogenic hotspots in PIK3CA (p.E542K and p.E545K). In endocrine-resistant BC, we observed APOBEC-induced termination codons at ER-modulating genes, KMT2C, ARID1A, NF1, and ZFHX3. Finally, in mBC, compared with single PIK3CA mutations, dual PIK3CA mutations occurred more frequently in an APOBEC context (Fisher's exact P < .001).CONCLUSIONOur results show that APOBEC mutagenesis recurrently targets various known drivers of BC initiation, progression, and endocrine resistance.
Racist Attachments: Dakko-chan, Black Kitsch, and Kawaii Culture
Authors: Kanesaka Erica 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article explores the ties between anti-Black racist kitsch and kawaii culture through the history of the Dakko-chan doll. In what came to be called the “Dakko-chan boom” of 1960, tens of thousands of Japanese people lined up to purchase an inflatable blackface doll with a circular red mouth, grass skirt, and winking hologram eyes. Dakko means “to hug,” and Dakko-chan's astronomical popularity resulted in part from the way the doll could be worn as an accessory, attached to the body by its hugging arms. This article asks what it meant for Japan, a nation still recovering from World War II and the American occupation, to quite literally embrace American blackface in the form of an embraceable doll. Rejecting the claim that blackface loses its significance in a Japanese context, this article argues that Dakko-chan cannot be considered devoid of racist meanings. Emerging amid the political turmoil surrounding the revision of the US-Japan Security Treaty, Dakko-chan came to express a wide range of contradictory feelings about race, sex, and nation, illustrating how affective attachments to racist forms have accrued rather than dissipated through their movement into new cultural contexts.
Distant Pituitary Adenoma Spread: A Systematic Review and Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Azizkhanian Ida , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Palmisciano Paolo , Abou-Mrad Zaki , Daoud Elena V. , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Connors Scott , Aoun Salah G. , Kim Jun , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , Garzon-Muvdi Tomas , Barnett Samuel L. , Patel Toral , Raisanen Jack M. , Mickey Bruce E. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Distant spread of pituitary adenoma outside the sellar/suprasellar region is classified as pituitary carcinoma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–born spread of pituitary adenoma can occur after tumor cell spillage into the CSF space after surgery, irradiation, or apoplexy and is not necessarily related to intrinsic tumor biology.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the literature and describe the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of patients with pituitary carcinomas. We further present 2 cases from our institution.

METHODS:
A single-center retrospective review of patients with pituitary adenoma spread to distant intracranial locations between 2000 and 2020 was performed. Electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 25, 2021, and studies describing patients with pituitary spread to distant locations were included.

RESULTS:
Of 1210 pituitary adenoma cases reviewed, 2 (0.16%) showed tumor spread to distant locations. We found 134 additional cases (from 108 published articles) resulting in a total of 136 cases (61.9% were male). The time to tumor spread ranged between 0 and 516 months (median: 96 months). The follow-up duration ranged between 0 and 240 months (median: 11.5 months). All but 2 patients (98.5%) underwent surgical resection before adenoma spread. The 2 exceptions included a patient with evidence of an apoplectic event on autopsy and another patient with leptomeningeal pituitary spread but an unclear history of apoplexy. Elevated tumor markers were not linked to poor outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
Distant spread of pituitary adenoma may occur after surgery, irradiation, or apoplexy. It is not necessarily associated with a malignant clinical course.
Droplet Size and Coalescence Stability of n-Hexadecane Emulsions Homogenized in Aqueous Solution of Proteins before and after High-Energy Processes
Authors: Kobayashi Emi , Yoneda Kohei , Masuda Takeshi , Fukada Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Properties of protein-based O/W emulsions are influenced by various factors including species and concentration of the protein, oil content, and employed homogenization technique, which make it difficult to establish suitable conditions to prepare stable emulsions. To address this issue, two proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA), were used as emulsifiers in a wide concentration range to disperse n-hexadecane, and necessary conditions to prepare reasonably stable, submicron-size emulsions were explored. A two-step homogenization process, premixing with a rotor-stator mixer followed by either sonication or high-pressure homogenization, was employed, and volume-weighted average droplet diameter (d43), adsorption density of proteins (Γ), and coalescence stability of oil droplets were measured. For sonicated emulsions in the emulsifier-rich regime, d43 was ca. 1 µm for both BSA and OVA, and Γ was ca. 2–3 mg m−2 (over 15 mg m−2) for BSA (OVA). The high-pressure homogenization could reduce d43 down to 0.4 µm provided BSA (OVA) concentration was 5 g L−1 (15 g L−1) or higher. These submicron-size emulsions were stable for several days only for BSA emulsions with the concentration ≥ 15 g L−1, otherwise coalescence proceeded. These results suggested that the adsorbed OVA films are more easily broken than the BSA films.
Downsizing to 25-nm Reverse Polymeric Micelle Composed of AB3-type Polydepsipeptide with Comprising siRNA
Authors: Uji Hirotaka , Watabe Naoki , Komi Tatsuya , Sakaguchi Tomoki , Akamatsu Ryo , Mihara Kenta , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Amphiphilic block polydepsipeptides of AB-type and AB3-type (hydrophilic A block: poly(sarcosine), hydrophobic B block: poly(l-lactic acid)) were prepared, and the N-terminals were arranged by guanidium or guanidino-peptide nucleic acid for loading siRNA in a reverse polymeric micelle. The amphiphilic polymers were successfully dispersed and assembled into reverse micelles in triglyceride or diisopropyl adipate. With loading siRNA into the core of the polymeric micelles, the micelle size was reduced down to a diameter of 25 nm in the case of the guanidino-peptide nucleic acid used as the capturing site. This small-size reverse micelle may be available for a transdermal drug delivery system (DDS) for siRNA.
Synthesis of Glycopolymers Carrying 3′-Sialyllactose for Suppressing Inflammatory Reaction via Siglec-E
Authors: Ishida Takato , Nagao Masanori , Oh Takahiro , Mori Takeshi , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the new strategies to treat autoimmune diseases is to target Siglec, a membrane protein receptor with the ability to suppress immune responses. Herein, we synthesized glycopolymers carrying 3′-sialyllactose in various glycounit densities. RAW 264.7 macrophages transfected to express secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) were used to evaluate the immunosuppression ability of the glycopolymers. The inhibition of the signal transmission was dependent on the glycounit densities of the glycopolymers, and was maximized at the moderate density (70%).
Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine
Authors: KANALEY JILL A. , COLBERG SHERI R. , CORCORAN MATTHEW H. , MALIN STEVEN K. , RODRIGUEZ NANCY R. , CRESPO CARLOS J. , KIRWAN JOHN P. , ZIERATH JULEEN R. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary time. Various types of physical activity enhance health and glycemic management in people with type 2 diabetes, including flexibility and balance exercise, and the importance of each recommended type or mode are discussed. In general, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans apply to all individuals with type 2 diabetes, with a few exceptions and modifications. People with type 2 diabetes should engage in physical activity regularly and be encouraged to reduce sedentary time and break up sitting time with frequent activity breaks. Any activities undertaken with acute and chronic health complications related to diabetes may require accommodations to ensure safe and effective participation. Other topics addressed are exercise timing to maximize its glucose-lowering effects and barriers to and inequities in physical activity adoption and maintenance.
The relationship of economic growth and carbon-dioxide emissions: an application on member countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Authors: Kaya Muhammed Veysel , Yilmaz Suat Serhat , Özdemir Mehmet Gökhan 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: Humanity has benefited from natural resources in production activities throughout history and this pressure on natural resources has increased even more with the efforts of industrialization. In this process, people benefited heavily from fossil fuels in their production and distribution activities, thereby damaging the environment and the atmosphere to a large extent. With the destruction of the environment, it has become important for the countries and the academic circles to measure environmental damage with the increase of economic activities in order to take various measures.
Aim: At this point, in this study, the relationship between economic growth and carbon-dioxide emissions was examined within the scope of 50 countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). In this process, annual data of the countries concerned between 1995 and 2017 were used; Pedroni Cointegration Analysis, Granger Causality Analysis, Pooled Mean Group Estimator (PMGE) and Mean Group Estimator (MGE) methods were used to measure and estimate the relationship between these two variables. The causality analysis shows that the economic growth is the Granger cause of carbon-dioxide emissions in the country group studied. In addition, the coefficients obtained in PMGE and MGE analyzes were found as 0.43 and 0.33 and were statistically significant and positive. Then, with the help of Hausman Homogeneity Test, it was decided between the two estimators, and it concluded that PMGE Estimator is the more reliable estimator.
Results: The results obtained with the PMGE estimator indicate that the 1% increase in economic growth increased carbon dioxide emission by 0.43%.
In search of opportunities for development of microinsurance by drawing on the experience of previous generations
Authors: Sułkowska Wanda 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: Notwithstanding the 30 years of the market economy, the Polish insurance market still reveals an exceptionally low level of penetration rates and insurance density. Attempts should be made to reduce the protection gap by introducing and popularising microinsurance products.
Aim: The research aims to establish whether there exists a need for microinsurance products in Poland and whether there are conditions for its development, which groups it should target and what methods and institutions can reduce the protection gap.
Results: Data analysis demonstrated that in Poland the lowest use of insurance coverage to manage risk occurs in the lowest income households, comprising groups of people with relatively low education: disability pensioners, farmers and workers. This results in lack of or limited access to insurance. Looking for a way to counteract this phenomenon, I suggest introducing and popularising microinsurance products targeting towards the above-mentioned groups. However, the use of remote microinsurance distribution channels may prove highly ineffective. Considering the above and the lack of trust in entities operating in the insurance market, it is recommended to create a legal environment enabling the inclusion of institutions and organisations acceptable to and enjoying the trust of these circles in processes involving marketing, distribution and, partially, the servicing of microinsurance. These players should consist of civic organisations, such as volunteer fire brigades, rural housewives’ clubs, activist organisations from religious communities, as well as those set up for mutual protection, e.g., relief and loan funds and savings and loan funds. A separate group targeted by microinsurance should consist of people who are young, open to new trends and interested in obtaining insurance coverage for a limited time, e.g., for the short period when they use a means of personal transport or other rented equipment, for which coverage can be obtained and paid for quickly and without undue formalities.
Polish National Cittaslow Network: assessment of cities’ membership in the network
Authors: Wierzbicka Wioletta 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The Polish National Cittaslow Network associates 31 members and is the second most biggest national network of slow cities in the world. The network is developing very dynamically. Therefore, it is important to observe this relatively new and not fully recognized process of implementing the slow city model in Polish cities, and to assess the effects of cities’ membership in this network.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of the membership of cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The effects were assessed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the results of certification carried out before a city accessed the network with the results of recertification, carried out 5 years into its membership. A diagnostic survey method was also used in the study.
Results: The research shows that already in the first five years of the membership in the network, the cities have undertaken many activities to enhance their appeal as a tourist destination, promote local products and protect the historic and cultural heritage. The cities have completed many revitalisation projects. New tourist trails, bicycle paths and recreational areas have been created. Undoubted, the membership in the Cittaslow network has generated many benefits to the cities. This is reflected by the higher degree of the fulfilment of the certification criteria by all cities. This is also confirmed by the results of a diagnostic survey conducted among the mayors of member cities.