bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Technical Developments in ASL: A Review of the State of the Art
Authors: Hernandez‐Garcia Luis , Aramendía‐Vidaurreta Verónica , Bolar Divya S. , Dai Weiying , Fernández‐Seara Maria A. , Guo Jia , Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Mutsaerts Henk , Petr Jan , Qin Qin , Schollenberger Jonas , Suzuki Yuriko , Taso Manuel , Thomas David L. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Woods Joseph , Zhao Moss Y. , Yan Lirong , Wang Ze , Zhao Li , Okell Thomas W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review article provides an overview of a range of recent technical developments in advanced arterial spin labeling (ASL) methods that have been developed or adopted by the community since the publication of a previous ASL consensus paper by Alsop et al. It is part of a series of review/recommendation papers from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Perfusion Study Group. Here, we focus on advancements in readouts and trajectories, image reconstruction, noise reduction, partial volume correction, quantification of nonperfusion parameters, fMRI, fingerprinting, vessel selective ASL, angiography, deep learning, and ultrahigh field ASL. We aim to provide a high level of understanding of these new approaches and some guidance for their implementation, with the goal of facilitating the adoption of such advances by research groups and by MRI vendors. Topics outside the scope of this article that are reviewed at length in separate articles include velocity selective ASL, multiple‐timepoint ASL, body ASL, and clinical ASL recommendations.
Quasi–steady‐state amide proton transfer (QUASS APT) MRI enhances pH‐weighted imaging of acute stroke
Authors: Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: August 2022

PurposeChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging measurement depends not only on the labile proton concentration and pH‐dependent exchange rate but also on experimental conditions, including the relaxation delay and radiofrequency (RF) saturation time. Our study aimed to extend a quasi–steady‐state (QUASS) solution to a modified multi‐slice CEST MRI sequence and test if it provides enhanced pH imaging after acute stroke.MethodsOur study derived the QUASS solution for a modified multislice CEST MRI sequence with an unevenly segmented RF saturation between image readout and signal averaging. Numerical simulation was performed to test if the generalized QUASS solution corrects the impact of insufficiently long relaxation delay, primary and secondary saturation times, and multi‐slice readout. In addition, multiparametric MRI scans were obtained after middle cerebral artery occlusion, including relaxation and CEST Z‐spectrum, to evaluate the performance of QUASS CEST MRI in a rodent acute stroke model. We also performed Lorentzian fitting to isolate multi‐pool CEST contributions.ResultsThe QUASS analysis enhanced pH‐weighted magnetization transfer asymmetry contrast over the routine apparent CEST measurements in both contralateral normal (−3.46% ± 0.62% (apparent) vs. −3.67% ± 0.66% (QUASS), P < 0.05) and ischemic tissue (−5.53% ± 0.68% (apparent) vs. −5.94% ± 0.73% (QUASS), P < 0.05). Lorentzian fitting also showed significant differences between routine and QUASS analysis of ischemia‐induced changes in magnetization transfer, amide, amine, guanidyl CEST, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (−1.6 parts per million) effects.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that generalized QUASS analysis enhanced pH MRI contrast and improved quantification of the underlying CEST contrast mechanism, promising for further in vivo applications.
Temporal and environmental factors interact with rootstock genotype to shape leaf elemental composition in grafted grapevines
Authors: Harris Zachary N. , Pratt Julia E. , Bhakta Niyati , Frawley Emma , Klein Laura L. , Kwasniewski Misha T. , Migicovsky Zoë , Miller Allison J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlants take up elements through their roots and transport them to their shoot systems for use in numerous biochemical, physiological, and structural functions. Elemental composition of above‐ground plant tissues, such as leaves, reflects both above‐ and below‐ground activities of the plant, as well the local environment. Perennial, grafted plants, where the root system of one individual is fused to the shoot system of a genetically distinct individual, offer a powerful experimental system in which to study how genetically distinct root systems influence the elemental composition of a common shoot system. We measured elemental composition of over 7,000 leaves in the grapevine cultivar “Chambourcin” growing ungrafted and grafted to three rootstock genotypes. Leaves were collected over multiple years and phenological stages (across the season) and along a developmental time series. Temporal components of this study had the largest effect on leaf elemental composition, and rootstock genotype interacted with year, phenological stage, and leaf age to differentially modulate leaf elemental composition. Further, the local, above‐ground environment affected leaf elemental composition, an effect influenced by rootstock genotype. This work highlights the dynamic nature by which root systems interact with shoot systems to respond to temporal and environmental variation.
Knowledge translation theories in fall prevention and balance control: A scoping review
Authors: Aloraini Saleh M. , Alothaim Noot K. , Alsalamah Norah M. , Aldaihan Mishal M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFalls are a major problem all over the world. Falls may result in bone fractures, fear of falling, and reduced participation in activities of daily living and in social activities, thus, an increased cost of health care to the individual and the society. Falls occur as a result of compounding factors that combine and overwhelm an individual's ability to maintain or regain his or her balance. However, fall rates are often reported as high, suggesting the presence of a gap between clinical practices related to fall prevention and the knowledge of the best available evidence related to fall prevention. The science of knowledge translation (KT) offers a variety of theories that can facilitate the implementation of up‐to‐date knowledge among clinicians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and review the use of knowledge translation theories, namely the Knowledge to Action Framework (KTA), Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework (PARIHS), Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), in studies related to fall prevention and balance control. A scoping review was conducted to identify studies related to fall prevention and balance control that used one of these four KT theories. An extensive literature search was performed up to January 2021. Two independent reviewers conducted a study selection process followed by data extraction of the search results. Our results identified 16 studies that were related to the scope of our review, with three studies utilizing KTA, two studies using PARIHS, four studies using CFIR, and seven studies using the TDF. Overall, it appears that the use of KT theories is helpful to guide interventions for fall prevention and improve balance control. Future efforts are needed to facilitate the use of KT theories for guiding clinical practices related to fall prevention and balance control.
Heparins mediate the multimer assembly of secreted Noggin
Authors: Heide Fabian , Legare Scott , To Vu , Gupta Monika , Gabir Haben , Imhof Thomas , Moya‐Torres Aniel , McDougall Matthew , Meier Markus , Koch Manuel , Stetefeld Jörg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtracellular matrix proteins are most often defined by their direct function that involves receptor binding and subsequent downstream signaling. However, these proteins often contain structural binding regions that allow for the proper localization in the extracellular space which guides its correct function in a local and temporal manner. The regions that serve a structural function, although often associated with disease, tend to have a limited understanding. An example of this is the extracellular matrix protein Noggin; as part of the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor family, Noggin serves a crucial regulatory function in mammalian developmental stages and later periods of life. Noggin's regular function, after its expression and extracellular release, is mediated by its retention in close proximity to the cellular surface by glycosaminoglycans, specifically heparin and heparan sulfate. Using a biophysical hybrid method approach, we present a close examination of the Noggin heparin binding interface, study its dynamic binding behaviors and observe supramolecular Noggin assemblies mediated by heparin ligands. This confirms previously suggested models of non‐covalent protein assemblies mediated through glycosaminoglycans that exist in the extracellular matrix. Further, structural analyses through molecular dynamics simulations allowed us to determine contribution energies for each protein residue involved in ligand binding and correlate this to disease associated mutation data. Our combination of various biophysical and computational methods that characterize the heparin binding interface on Noggin and its protein dynamics expands on the functional understanding of Noggin and can readily be applied to other protein systems.
Promises and uncertainties in remotely sensed riverine hydro‐environmental attributes: Field testing of novel approaches to unmanned aerial vehicle‐borne lidar and imaging velocimetry
Authors: Islam Md. Touhidul , Yoshida Keisuke , Nishiyama Satoshi , Sakai Koichi , Adachi Shin , Pan Shijun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in remotely sensed techniques have markedly expanded data acquisition potential in riverine studies, but the techniques' applicability must be validated and improved because of uncertainties associated with diverse field conditions. This study is the first experimental evidence of using a newly designed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐borne green lidar system (GLS) and deep learning‐automated space–time image velocimetry (STIV) for remote investigation of hydraulic and vegetation quantities of the gravel‐bed Asahi River in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to identifying bed deformation in waters shallower than 2 m, the GLS point clouds characterized the submerged infrastructure with block detailing patterns, thereby identifying positional displacement and severely damaged parts. This paper also presents a noncontact method of estimating incremental river discharge. Compared to benchmarked flow model estimates, remotely sensed discharges for three transects covering shallower, deeper, and partially submerged woody vegetation areas were overestimated by 1–11%, with 4% underestimation for another cross‐section. The STIV analysis also showed complicated flow patterns that were reasonably confirmed by flow vectors from depth‐averaged modeling. Ultimately, depth‐averaged flow model estimates validated hydraulic parameters derived remotely from GLS and STIV, and vice versa. In addition to approximating vegetation growth rates, the study using GLS attributes accurately identified riparian vegetation types as herbaceous (70%), woody (86%), and bamboo groves (65%). Finally, our findings provide insight into the management of shallow clear‐flowing vegetated rivers and remote sensing of streamflow to validate hydrodynamic‐numerical methods.
Carbon Dots‐Decorated g‐C3N4 as Peroxidase Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Cr(VI) in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Goswami Juri , Saikia Lakshi , Hazarika Parasa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CD) generated from biomass were fabricated on g‐C3N4 to construct a metal‐free nanozyme with inherent peroxidase mimic functions. The formation of CD/g‐C3N4 was confirmed by different characterization techniques. The CD/g‐C3N4 displays distinct peroxidase mimic activities, as evidenced by the catalyzed oxidation of TMB (3,3’,5,5’, ‐tetramethylbenzidine) in the presence of H2O2, as well as color alteration from transparent to blue. The mechanistic analysis of peroxidase activity indicated that H2O2 was catalyzed by CD/g‐C3N4 to produce reactive oxygen species. In an acidic solution, the presence of Cr (VI) accelerates the breakdown of H2O2 to ⋅OH radicals thereby increasing the rate of TMB oxidation. Hence, a visual colorimetric sensor was developed for the purpose of detecting Cr(VI) with limits of detection (LOD) 0.31 μM, based on the accelerated electron transfer between TMB and H2O2 with the assistance of CD/g‐C3N4.
Endoscopists performance in optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps in artificial intelligence studies
Authors: Pecere Silvia , Antonelli Giulio , Dinis‐Ribeiro Mario , Mori Yuichi , Hassan Cesare , Fuccio Lorenzo , Bisschops Raf , Costamagna Guido , Jin Eun Hyo , Lee Dongheon , Misawa Masashi , Messmann Helmut , Iacopini Federico , Petruzziello Lucio , Repici Alessandro , Saito Yutaka , Sharma Prateek , Yamada Masayoshi , Spada Cristiano , Frazzoni Leonardo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWidespread adoption of optical diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia is prevented by suboptimal endoscopist performance and lack of standardized training and competence evaluation. We aimed to assess diagnostic accuracy of endoscopists in optical diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia in the framework of artificial intelligence (AI) validation studies.Literature searches of databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus) up to April 2022 were performed to identify articles evaluating accuracy of individual endoscopists in performing optical diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia within studies validating AI against a histologically verified ground‐truth. The main outcomes were endoscopists' pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV/NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR) and area under the curve (AUC for sROC) for predicting adenomas versus non‐adenomas.Six studies with 67 endoscopists and 2085 (IQR: 115–243,5) patients were evaluated. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for adenomatous histology was respectively 84.5% (95% CI 80.3%–88%) and 83% (95% CI 79.6%–85.9%), corresponding to a PPV, NPV, LR+, LR− of 89.5% (95% CI 87.1%–91.5%), 75.7% (95% CI 70.1%–80.7%), 5 (95% CI 3.9%–6.2%) and 0.19 (95% CI 0.14%–0.25%). The AUC was 0.82 (CI 0.76–0.90). Expert endoscopists showed a higher sensitivity than non‐experts (90.5%, [95% CI 87.6%–92.7%] vs. 75.5%, [95% CI 66.5%–82.7%], p < 0.001), and Eastern endoscopists showed a higher sensitivity than Western (85%, [95% CI 80.5%–88.6%] vs. 75.8%, [95% CI 70.2%–80.6%]). Quality was graded high for 3 studies and low for 3 studies.We show that human accuracy for diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia in the setting of AI studies is suboptimal. Educational interventions could benefit by AI validation settings which seem a feasible framework for competence assessment.
Utility of machine learning for segmenting camera trap time‐lapse recordings
Authors: Hilton Michael L. , Goessling Jeffrey M. , Knezevich Leah M. , Downer Jane M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCamera trap time‐lapse recordings can collect vast amounts of data on wildlife in their natural settings. Transforming these data into information useful to ecologists is a major challenge. Machine learning techniques show promise for becoming important tools in the cost‐effective analysis of camera trap data, but only if they become readily available to researchers without requiring advanced computing skills and resources. We present a new suite of software tools that reduce the amount of human effort needed to segment time‐lapse, camera trap recordings in preparation for analysis. The tools incorporate a convolutional neural network trained to detect a focal species and to generate a draft video segmentation indicating the ranges of time when the focal species is present. We evaluated the utility of our neural network by comparing manual and automatic segmentations of 64 time‐lapse recordings of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows, recorded in Pinellas County, Florida, USA between 25 November 2020 and 30 November 2020. The neural network correctly found 130 of the 145 segments containing tortoises (89.7%), whereas student graders found 135 segments (93.1%). A year of experience using the new software suite in an ongoing study of gopher tortoises deploying 12 camera traps indicates one person, assisted by machine learning algorithms, can segment a week's worth of time‐lapse recordings—11.5 hours of standard‐speed video—in under 3 hours. We concluded that the use of machine learning algorithms is practical and allows researchers to process large volumes of time‐lapse data with minimal human effort.
Present and Future of Urinary Stents
Authors: Soria Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnfortunately, urinary stents are associated with high rates of side effects and complications that significantly decrease the quality of life of patients. Therefore, despite their evident usefulness in urological clinical practice, their use should be subject to an important medical evaluation to balance the benefits against the side effects, as well as the possible complications associated with current urinary stents. More than 80% of patients with ureteral stents have significant adverse effects affecting their quality of life, sex life and compromising their labor life.So, given the clinical requirement for the use of urinary stents and their clearly unacceptable side effects, the need to improve these medical devices and the research to do so is understandable. This book brings together the experience and expertise in urinary stents of the leading researchers in urinary stents. Not only because it addresses the present of urinary stents from a clinical point of view, but also because it includes the most innovative groups and future approaches and does so in a multidisciplinary way.
Pediatric Ureteral Stents
Authors: Abbas Tariq , Ibrahim Tarek , AbdelKareem Mohamed , Ali Mansour 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUreteral stents are considered of the significant revaluations in endourological practice and have become an integral part of the contemporary urologic practice. The widespread utilization of ureteric stents in children has lagged behind that in adults because of difficulties encountered for design and sizes optimization manufacturing. However, ureteral stents are considered essential tools in the management of several pediatric urological conditions ranging from, but not limited to, ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), calculi, and ureteric obstruction. The indwelling nature of ureteral stents is complicated by several unwanted effects including a feeling of pain, irritative voiding symptoms, and/or urinary tract infection. There are several potential complications in the currently utilized urinary catheters in general and ureteral stents in particular in pediatric patients.
Methodology on Clinical Evaluation of Urinary Stents
Authors: Sofronievska Glavinov Maja , Stavridis Sotir , Bajramovic Senad , Arsov Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCollecting data from patients with urinary stents during clinical follow-up plays an important role in obtaining information about the stents implanted. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop an appropriate methodology that will be used in clinical practice. We believe that a specific and practical tool is needed for that purpose, which is why we propose the UriSteRH questionnaire which is an easily accessible questionnaire related to patients with introduced urinary stents that can be distributed both as paper and e-based questionnaire. The final goal of this clinical methodology is to identify specific problems, stent-health-related quality of life indicator. Based on these findings, interventions in stent design can then be done in order to improve individuals’ quality of life.
Indications, Complications and Side Effects of Ureteral Stents
Authors: Pérez-Fentes Daniel , Aranda-Pérez Javier , de la Cruz Julia E. , Soria Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUreteral stents are one of the most frequently used tools in urology. These medical devices have a multitude of both prophylactic and therapeutic indications. Among the first ones, the use of stents related to the treatment of ureteral or renal stones, in renal transplant surgery and in reconstructive surgery of the upper urinary tract by endourological, laparoscopic, robotic or conventional surgical approach. Therapeutic indications are related to urinary tract decompression in obstructive uropathy and as in the conservative treatment of upper urinary tract trauma.Although it has clear benefits, unfortunately it is not free of side effects. Complications associated with ureteral stents can be classified as intraoperative, early complications if they appear between 2 and 4 weeks after stenting, and late complications, depending on the time of onset of side effects. The most common side effects are the development of vesicoureteral reflux, LUTS and stent discomfort. The complications with the highest rate of incidence are asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection. There are also common events related to ureteral stent dislodgement and crystallization of the stent surface resulting in encrustation.
Methods and Materials for Drug Eluting Urinary Stents Design and Fabrication
Authors: Carmagnola Irene , Giuntoli Giulia , Ciardelli Gianluca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAfter urinary stenting, patients often suffer from mid- and long-term complications, such as infections, bacterial colonization, encrustations, or stent obstruction which are related to the design, materials and surface properties of the stent. Drug eluting stents (DES) is an advance technology that can reduce the morbidity associated with stenting, by locally releasing loaded drugs in a time-controlled manner. In this chapter is firstly reported an overview of the materials and manufacturing methods for conventional urinary stents, then are discussed the engineered strategies for the design and fabrication of drug eluting stents. Drug eluting ureteral stents, and in general urinary stents, were introduced to performed a drug delivery aiming to obtain a local treatment as well as to overcomes the main issues related to urinary stenting implantation. Drugs and/or active agents can be directly loaded in the stent structure or can be introduced through a surface coating. Drug-eluting technologies can then be combined with biodegradable stents in order to eliminate the need for stent removal procedure. However some disadvantages remain still unsolved. In the last decades innovative manufacturing approaches and methods, such as nanotechnologies and additive manufacturing techniques, provide to scientists new tools for the design and fabrication on smart and custom-made urinary stents, able to go towards perfectly to patient needs.