bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Black Silicon Induced by Femtosecond Laser Assisted With Laser Cleaning
Authors: Wen Zhidong , Shi Haiyan , Yue Song , Li Man , Zhang Zhe , Wang Ran , Song Qi , Xu Ziye , Zhang Zichen , Hou Yu 
Published: March 2022

Black silicon is a promising and effective candidate in the field of photoelectric devices due to the high absorptance and broad-spectrum absorption property. The deposition around the processing area induced by the pressure of SF6, gravity, and the block of the processing chamber interferes the adjacent laser ablation and hampers uniform large-scale black silicon fabrication. To solve the problem, femtosecond laser- induced black silicon assisted with laser plasma shockwave cleaning is creatively proposed in our study. The results showed that higher, denser, and more uniform microstructures can be obtained than the conventional laser-induced method without laser cleaning. The average absorptance is 99.15% in the wavelength range of 0.3–2.5 µm, while it is more than 90% in the range of 2.5–20 µm. In addition, the scanning pitch dependence of surface morphology is discussed, and the better result is obtained in the range of 25–35 µm with 40-µm laser spot. Finally, a large-scale 50-mm × 50-mm black silicon with uniform microstructures was prepared by our method. It has been demonstrated that the deposition is effectively eliminated via our method, and the optical absorption is also enhanced significantly. It is of great significance for realizing large-scale preparation of photoelectric devices based on black silicon and lays the foundation for the development of laser-inducing equipment and industrial application.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Systematic Review
Authors: Linde Elisabeth S. , Varga Tibor V. , Clotworthy Amy 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions may contribute to a deterioration in mental health; individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be particularly affected. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of the current pandemic on people diagnosed with OCD, and whether pandemics may affect the development of OCD symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search using NCBI PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar on February 9, 2021. Research articles related to OCD and COVID-19 or other pandemics were attempted to be identified using pre-defined search terms. Case reports, clinical guidelines, letters, and clinical research articles including ≥100 participants were included; reviews were excluded. The systematic review adheres to PRISMA guidelines and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included clinical research articles.ResultsA total of 79 articles were included in the full-text assessment. Of these, 59 were clinical research articles, two were clinical guidelines, six were case reports, and 12 were letters. The research articles examined OCD symptoms in adult patients with diagnosed OCD, the general population, pregnant women, healthcare workers, students, and young adults, children, and adolescents. Only one study on OCD in previous pandemics was identified.ConclusionThis systematic review found that people both with and without diagnosed OCD prior to the pandemic generally experienced a worsened landscape of symptoms of OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the responses are heterogeneous and many factors other than the pandemic seemed to affect the development of OCD symptoms. To prevent the impairment of symptoms and the development of new cases, close monitoring of patients with OCD and education of the general public is essential. Literature is still limited; thus, multinational and cross-cultural, longitudinal studies are warranted to gain further insights on this topic.
Methodology of Measuring Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome—Focusing on Slow Gait Speed: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Su Liming , Sun Xue , Huang Cheng , Wei Zhuqin , Shen Xinhua , Wang Lina 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionOlder adults with motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome are at high risk of developing dementia. Although the definition of MCR is well recognized and consensus, previous studies did not reach an agreement on diagnostic criteria and measurement methods/tools for slow gait speed, which is one of four components of MCR diagnosis. The substantial heterogeneity in the methodology of slow gait speed diagnosis for MCR limits comparability and meta-analysis of studies.ObjectiveThe study aims to conduct systematic and standardized integration for diagnostic criteria and methods of slow gait speed diagnosis for MCR based on previous evidence that may improve comparability between future studies.MethodsA systematic literature review will be undertaken by searching the following electronic databases (until February 1, 2022): PUBMED, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science. Additional studies will be identified by checking the reference lists of included studies or relevant reviews, manually searching the internet search engine Google Scholar, and searching the authors' personal files, if necessary. Two researchers will perform data extraction independently, and discrepancies will be resolved by discussion, which will include a third researcher if requires. The paper selection will perform in duplicate. Finally, a narrative account will synthesize the findings to answer the objectives of this review.DiscussionThis is the first study on systematic and standardized integration for diagnostic criteria and measurement methods/tools for slow gait speed in diagnosing MCR. The findings of this study will be convenient for medical staff to examine the intended use and applicability of each instrument/tool for evaluating the gait speed, and provide insight into developing uniform guidelines for MCR.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42021232671.
Pathological Delta Oscillations in Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Haslacher David , Novkovic Nikolina , Buthut Maria , Heinz Andreas , Soekadar Surjo R. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundHallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is characterized by spontaneous recurrence of visual hallucinations or disturbances after previous consumption of hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). The underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown and there is no standardized treatment strategy available.Case PresentationA 33-year-old male patient presented with persistent visual distortions (halos around objects, intensified colors, positive after images, and trails following moving objects) that developed after repeated use of hallucinogenic drugs at the age of 18. Symptoms developed gradually and worsened several months later, resulting in various pharmacological and psychosocial treatment attempts that remained unsuccessful, however. At presentation, 32-channel electroencephalography (EEG) showed increased delta activity over the occipital brain regions, reminiscent of occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity (OIRDA) usually seen in children. Two sessions of cathodal (inhibitory) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over 30 min attenuated visual hallucinations and occipital delta activity by approximately 60%. The response persisted for over four weeks.ConclusionPathological delta activity over occipital brain regions may play an important role in the development and perpetuation of HPPD and can be attenuated by non-invasive brain stimulation.
Association Between Triglyceride–Glucose Index and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Older Chinese Population Aged Over 75 Years
Authors: Fu Xiaomin , Liu Hongzhou , Liu Jing , Li Nan , Li Lele , Ke Dianshan , Liu Minyan , Lu Yanhui , Duan Lihua , Ma Linlin , Huo Yanfei , Lei Qinghua , Yan Shuangtong 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe association between the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults has not been fully understood. This research aims to explore the association between the TyG index and the incidence of T2DM in an older Chinese population aged over 75 years.MethodsThis longitudinal analysis study was performed based on a database from a health check screening program in China. The participants were stratified based on the quintile ranges of the TyG index (Q1 to Q5 groups). T2DM was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7.00 mmol/L and/or self-reported T2DM. The cumulative incidences of T2DM in various quintile groups were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the independent impact of the TyG index on the risk of T2DM during the follow-up period. Subgroup analysis was performed by gender and BMI to further validate the credibility of the results.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, a total of 231 new-onset T2DM cases were recorded among the 2,571 individuals aged over 75 years. After adjusting confounding factors, elevated TyG index independently indicated a higher risk of T2DM (HR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.47–2.44; p &lt; 0.01). Higher TyG index quintile groups (Q3 to Q5) also presented with a higher risk of T2DM (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 1.44, and 2.12, respectively) as compared with the lowest quintile group (Q1). Subgroup analysis showed that increased TyG index led to a higher risk of T2DM with HR = 2.35 (95% CI, 1.73–3.19), 1.90 (95% CI, 1.27–2.83), 2.95 (95% CI, 1.94–4.50), and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.25–2.35) in male subgroup, female subgroup, BMI &lt; 24 kg/m2 subgroup, and BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 subgroup, respectively.ConclusionsTriglyceride–glucose index independently correlated with the risk of incident T2DM in Chinese adults aged over 75 years. The TyG index might be useful in monitoring T2DM in the older populations.
Community-Level Mental Health and Psychosocial Support During Armed Conflict: A Cohort Study From the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, and Nigeria
Authors: Andersen Ida , Rossi Rodolfo , Hubloue Ives 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionCommunity-level mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) was the first type of MHPSS program launched by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) back in 2004. Standardized beneficiary-level monitoring was put in place in late 2018. This is the first study to explore whether this type of program correlates, as intended, with reduced psychological distress and increased daily functioning.MethodsBetween December 2018 and June 2020, 6,413 victims of violence received MHPSS through 32 community-level projects in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Mali and Nigeria. Symptoms of psychological distress (IES-R or DASS21) and daily functioning (ICRC scale) were assessed before and after the intervention and logistical regression models were used to identify predictors of these symptoms.FindingsVictims of the violence committed by weapon bearers were more likely to show high levels of anxiety prior to MHPSS (aOR 3.51; p &lt; 0.0001). Also, victims of physical violence were more likely to show high levels of stress (aOR 1.49; p &lt; 0.0001), whereas victims who had witnessed physical violence were more like to report high levels of depression (aOR 2.54; p &lt; 0.0001). The most common perpetrators were weapon bearers (76%) and the most common type of violence was rape (46%). Lack of social support stood out as a predictor of both high anxiety (aOR 2.10; p &lt; 0.0001) and post-traumatic stress (aOR 2.04; p &lt; 0.0001) prior to MHPSS. Following MHPSS, the vast majority of beneficiaries reported a reduction in distress on the DASS21 (96.58%) and the IES-R scales (92.70%) as well as an increase of functioning (82.26%). Adherence to group therapy (seven sessions on average) was stronger than adherence to individual therapy (four sessions on average). A linear trend was found between length of treatment and likelihood of reporting reduced symptoms of depression. Having suffered destruction or loss of property or income predicted less improvement of functioning following MHPSS (aOR 0.90; p = 0.044).ConclusionReceiving community-level MHPSS is associated with increased wellbeing among the vast majority of beneficiaries. To further enhance the intended health outcomes, it is recommended to increase the length of treatment per beneficiary (30 days minimum) and address, where relevant, the financial consequences of violence. Also, a longitudinal study is recommended to assess longer-term changes in MHPSS symptoms.
Graphic Carbon Nitride-SilverPolyvinylpyrrolidone Nanocomposite Modified on a Glassy Carbon Electrode for Detection of Paracetamol
Authors: Mekgoe N. , Mabuba N. , Pillay K. 
Published: March 2022

In this study a nanocomposite of graphitic carbon nitride-silver polyvinylpyrrolidone (gCN-AgPVP) was fabricated for the electrochemical detection of paracetamol (PAR). The nanocomposite of gCN-AgPVP showed superior electrocatalytic ability for PAR detection since it is selectively adsorbed by electrostatic interactions of the nanocomposite of gCN-AgPVP. This selective adsorption is also facilitated by charge assisted interactions between the PAR and gCN-AgPVP surfaces. The stability of the GCE/gCN-AgPVP was characterised using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at potentials ranging from −0.2 to +0.7 V and a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Square wave voltammetry (SQWV) was employed to characterise and detect PAR. The analysis was conducted on modified GCE/gCN-AgPVP in 0,1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and pH 6.1. GCE/gCN-AgPVP showed excellent performance in detecting PAR in the concentration range of 0.2–100 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9951 respectively. The calculated detection limit (LOD) was 0.079 µM.
Examination of Sex-Specific Participant Inclusion in Exercise Physiology Endothelial Function Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lew Lindsay A. , Williams Jennifer S. , Stone Jenna C. , Au Alicia K. W. , Pyke Kyra E. , MacDonald Maureen J. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTo combat historical underrepresentation of female participants in research, guidelines have been established to motivate equal participation by both sexes. However, the pervasiveness of female exclusion has not been examined in vascular exercise physiology research. The purpose of this study was to systematically quantify the sex-specific prevalence of human participants and identify the rationales for sex-specific inclusion/exclusion in research examining the impact of exercise on vascular endothelial function.MethodsA systematic search was conducted examining exercise/physical activity and vascular endothelial function, assessed via flow mediated dilation. Studies were categorized by sex: male-only, female-only, or mixed sex, including examination of the sample size of males and females. Analysis was performed examining sex-inclusion criteria in study design and reporting and rationale for inclusion/exclusion of participants on the basis of sex. Changes in proportion of female participants included in studies were examined over time in 5 year cohorts.ResultsA total of 514 studies were identified, spanning 26 years (1996–2021). Of the total participants, 64% were male and 36% were female, and a male bias was identified (32% male-only vs. 12% female-only studies). Proportions of female participants in studies remained relatively constant in the last 20 years. Male-only studies were less likely to report sex in the title compared to female-only studies (27 vs. 78%, p &lt; 0.001), report sex in the abstract (72 vs. 98%, p &lt; 0.001) and justify exclusion on the basis of sex (15 vs. 55%, p &lt; 0.001). Further, male-only studies were more likely to be conducted in healthy populations compared to female-only studies (p = 0.002). Qualitative analysis of justifications identified four themes: sex-specific rationale or gap in the literature, exclusion of females based on the hormonal cycle or sex-differences, maintaining congruence with the male norm, and challenges with recruitment, retention and resources.ConclusionsThis systematic review provides the first analysis of sex-based inclusion/exclusion and rationale for sex-based decisions in human vascular exercise physiology research. These findings contribute to identifying the impact of research guidelines regarding inclusion of males and females and the perceived barriers to designing studies with equal sex participation, in an effort to increase female representation in vascular exercise physiology research.Systematic Review Registration:CRD42022300388.
Effect of Psychological Support Therapy on Psychological State, Pain, and Quality of Life of Elderly Patients With Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Li Qun , Wang Yin , Shen Xiang 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo explore the intervention effect of psychological support therapy (PST) on elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.MethodsA total of 82 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into conventional group (n = 41) and intervention group (n = 41). The conventional group received routine nursing care. The intervention group was given PST on the basis of the conventional group. The joint function, psychological state, pain, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction of both groups were observed.ResultsCompared with before intervention, the Harris hip joint score and the General Quality-of-Life Inventory-74 scores of both groups increased after the intervention, and the increase was more obvious in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with before intervention, the self-rating anxiety scale, the self-rating depression scale scores, and the visual analog scales score in both groups decreased after the intervention, and the decrease was more obvious in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.05). The total satisfaction of the intervention group (92.68%) was higher than that of the conventional group (75.61%) (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionPsychological support therapy has a certain intervention effect on elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, which can improve psychological state, reduce pain, improve quality of life, and improve nursing satisfaction.
Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Longitudinal Cohort of Children with CKD: A Case of Reverse Causation?
Authors: Jacobson Melanie H. , Wu Yinxiang , Liu Mengling , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Lee Sunmi , Ma Jing , Warady Bradley A. , Furth Susan , Trachtman Howard , Trasande Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

Key Points

Serially measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were associated with increased eGFR and lower proteinuria.PAHs were associated with higher tubular injury and oxidant stress biomarkers.Reduced renal function may affect excretion of urinary PAHs.

Background
Air pollution, which results in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been identified as a cause of renal function decline and a contributor to CKD. However, the results of cross-sectional studies investigating personal, integrated biomarkers of PAHs have been mixed. Longitudinal studies may be better suited to evaluate environmental drivers of kidney decline. The purpose of this study was to examine associations of serially measured urinary PAH metabolites with clinical and subclinical measures of kidney function over time among children with CKD.

Methods
This study was conducted among 618 participants in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study, a cohort study of pediatric patients with CKD from the United States and Canada, between 2005 and 2015. In serially collected urine samples over time, nine PAH metabolites were measured. Clinical outcomes measured annually included eGFR, proteinuria, and BP. Subclinical biomarkers of tubular injury (kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1] and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) and oxidant stress (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and F2-isoprostane) were assayed in urine samples.

Results
Children were followed over an average (SD) of 3.0 (1.6) years and 2469 study visits (mean±SD, 4.0±1.6). Hydroxynaphthalene (NAP) or hydroxyphenanthrene (PHEN) metabolites were detected in >99% of samples and NAP concentrations were greater than PHEN concentrations. PHEN metabolites, driven by 3-PHEN, were associated with increased eGFR and reduced proteinuria, diastolic BP z-score, and NGAL concentrations over time. However, PAH metabolites were consistently associated with increased KIM-1 and 8-OHdG concentrations.

Conclusions
Among children with CKD, these findings provoke the potential explanation of reverse causation, where renal function affects measured biomarker concentrations, even in the setting of a longitudinal study. Additional work is needed to determine if elevated KIM-1 and 8-OHdG excretion reflects site-specific injury to the proximal tubule mediated by low-grade oxidant stress.
Apendiks Güdüğünün Kapatılmasında Kullanılan Hem-o-lok Klips ile İntrakorporal Sütürün Erken ve Geç Dönem Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YENİ Mustafa , KALAYCI Tolga , KARTAL Murat 
Published: March 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmada apendiks güdüğü kapatılmasında kullanılan Hem-o-lok klips ile intrakorporal sütürün erken ve geç dönem sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2019 ile Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak bir sağlık kuruluşunda laparoskopik apendektomi yapılan hastalar geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Apendiks güdüğü Hem-o-lok kliplerle kapatılan hastalar Grup 1, intrakorporal sütürle kapatılan hastalar Grup 2 olarak adlandırıldı. Ameliyat sonrası ilk 30 gün içinde gelişen komplikasyonlar erken sonuçlar, 30 günden sonraki komplikasyonlar geç sonuç olarak kabul edildi. Gruplar arasındaki erken ve geç sonuç farklılıkları Mann Whitney U testi, bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve ki-kare testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi, p değeri
Konseptualisasi Untuk Komunitas: Menuju Kesukarelaan Dalam Aksi Adaptasi Dan Mitigasi Bencana
Authors: Koem Syahrizal , Akase Noviar 
Published: March 2022

Understanding the concept of community resilience is important, as an effort to increase public sensitivity to the impacts caused by disasters. In this aspect, local communities, especially young people, can increase their adaptive capacity, become more resilient, and take a bigger role in achieving local prosperity. The program aims to address the gaps in the concept of disaster for local communities, which focuses on increasing community understanding and capacity so that communities can voluntarily undertake adaptation and mitigation measures. Community forums are an important component in achieving the target of this program. Community forums formed include PRB and TSBM forums. The presence of community forums is a pillar in building and increasing community resilience. This requires adequate support so that the forum as a local organization can make a real contribution. The sustainability of the disaster management training program still needs to be developed, in collaboration with community organizations to ensure resilience capacity is maintained. The implementation of this program can provide a stimulus to local governments and the community about the importance of understanding the concept of disaster to the community, in order to create a sense of responsibility and empathy within the local community.