bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRIPLE COVERS OF K3 SURFACES
Authors: GARBAGNATI ALICE , PENEGINI MATTEO 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study triple covers of K3 surfaces, following Miranda (1985, American Journal of Mathematics 107, 1123–1158). We relate the geometry of the covering surfaces with the properties of both the branch locus and the Tschirnhausen vector bundle. In particular, we classify Galois triple covers computing numerical invariants of the covering surface and of its minimal model. We provide examples of non-Galois triple covers, both in the case in which the Tschirnhausen bundle splits into the sum of two line bundles and in the case in which it is an indecomposable rank 2 vector bundle. We provide a criterion to construct rank 2 vector bundles on a K3 surface S which determine a non-Galois triple cover of S. The examples presented are in any admissible Kodaira dimension, and in particular, we provide the constructions of irregular covers of K3 surfaces and of surfaces with geometrical genus equal to 2 whose transcendental Hodge structure splits in the sum of two Hodge structures of K3 type.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Group Memory Intervention for Healthy Older Adults with Memory Concerns
Authors: Baker Stevenson , Vandermorris Susan , Verhoeff Nicolaas Paul L.G. , Troyer Angela K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether memory intervention programs can mitigate health care costs. Research suggests these programs translate to a decreased intention of older adults who are worried about age-normal memory changes to seek traditional outlets for medical/psychiatric help. We employed a cost-benefit analysis approach to analyze the effectiveness of a memory intervention program within Ontario. We leveraged estimates of decreased intentionality to seek physician care following a community-based memory intervention with physician billing profiles to calculate the potential cost savings to the province’s health care system. The intervention studied was found to reduce provincial health care spending by $6,094 per program group. This amount exceeds $121.25 in direct costs per attendee associated with administering five program sessions. This analysis justifies further research on how community-based memory and aging programs can offer low-cost solutions to help individuals cope with subjective memory complaints and assist the health care system in prioritizing care for aging patients.
The Malapportionment of the US House of Representatives: 1940–2020
Authors: Li Ruoxi 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIn the latest round of the apportionment of the US House of Representatives following the 2020 Census, the State of New York lost a seat by an extremely small margin: if a mere 89 people were added to the state’s population of 20 million, the state would have kept the seat. Political observers pointed to the tendency of the US Census to undercount minority and immigrant populations as the primary culprit. However, New York’s seat loss is as much an issue of apportionment as it is of counting. The current apportionment method used by the federal government, Huntington-Hill’s method, is biased against more populous states such as New York. If an alternative apportionment method were used, such as Webster’s method, New York would have kept the seat. This article discusses four historical apportionment methods: Hamilton’s method, Huntington-Hill’s method, Jefferson’s method, and Webster’s method. These methods are evaluated against the three criteria of within-quota, consistency, and unbiasedness. The article shows that Huntington-Hill’s method has produced biased apportionment results in eight of nine apportionments since its official adoption in 1941. The article concludes with a recommendation for replacing the current apportionment method with the only unbiased divisor method: Webster’s method.
Estimating the difference in prevalence of common mental disorder diagnoses for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples compared to the general Australian population
Authors: Page I. S. , Ferrari A. J. , Slade T. , Anderson M. , Santomauro D. , Diminic S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
There is currently little nationally representative diagnostic data available to quantify how many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people may need a mental health service in any given year. Without such information, health service planners must rely on less direct indicators of need such as service utilisation. The aim of this paper is to provide a starting point by estimating the prevalence ratio of 12-month common mental disorders (i.e. mood and anxiety disorders) for Indigenous peoples compared to the general Australian population.

Methods
Analysis of the four most recent Australian Indigenous and corresponding general population surveys was undertaken. Kessler-5 summary scores by 10-year age group were computed as weighted percentages with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. A series of meta-analyses were conducted to pool prevalence ratios of Indigenous to general population significant psychological distress by 10-year age groups. The proportion of respondents with self-reported clinician diagnoses of mental disorders was also extracted from the most recent survey iterations.

Results
Indigenous Australians are estimated to have between 1.6 and 3.3 times the national prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders. Sensitivity analyses found that the prevalence ratios did not vary across age group or survey wave.

Conclusions
To combat the current landscape of inequitable mental health in Australia, priority should be given to populations in need, such as Indigenous Australians. Having a clear idea of the current level of need for mental health services will allow planners to make informed decisions to ensure adequate services are available.
A Coarse‐To‐Fine Approach to Detect Shadows in the Chang’E−4 VNIS Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Zhiyuan , Xu Xiong , Xie Huan , Tong Xiaohua , Liu Sicong , Li Jia , Zeng Xiangsui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe low value of shadow pixels in the images sensed by the Visible and Near‐infrared Imaging Spectrometers (VNIS) aboard Chang’E−4 Yutu‐2 rover leads to an unrealistic representation of lunar surface reflectance. Due to the shadow features and lack of additional information (e.g., topography and shadow labels), it is challenging to apply existing methods to detect shadows for VNIS data. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an effective way to detect and correct the shadows in the VNIS data. In this paper, a coarse‐to‐fine approach to detect shadows in the VNIS images is developed. First, to better resolve the shadows, they are enhanced based on principal component analysis and band combination. Second, in the coarse detection stage, two shadow indices, SId and SIs, based on the features extracted in shadow enhancement are constructed. Subsequently, they are segmented into shadow and nonshadow pixels individually using the Otsu method. Third, in the fine detection stage, by analyzing the performance of the two indices, the shadow and nonshadow pixels are further distinguished through the absolute z‐score to obtain the final results. The experimental results show that the average overall accuracy is 93.94%. The average F1‐score is 85.51%. By comparing with visual inspection and other detection methods, our approach yields a good precision and is expected to be applicable for other VNIS hyperspectral data. After detection, the shadow effect is corrected in the spectral dimension by estimating the loss of radiometric information. Our study can provide a reference for shadow detection of analogous lunar in‐situ observations.
Wavelength Measurements of Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Zhang Xu , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Artemyev Anton V. , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , An Xin , Liu Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves, potential drivers for diffuse aurora precipitation, have been extensively investigated for decades. The generation mechanism of ECH waves, however, remains an open question. Theoretical work in 1970s has demonstrated that ECH waves can be excited by loss cone distributions of hot plasma sheet electrons. Recent THEMIS spacecraft observations, however, indicate that the waves can also be excited by low energy electron beams. Utilizing interferometry techniques to analyze the phase difference between electric potentials measured by individual probes on Electric Field Instrument antenna pairs on THEMIS spacecraft, we compute the wavenumber of both beam‐driven ECH waves and loss‐cone‐driven ECH waves. These wavenumber measurements as well as other wave properties obtained from spacecraft measurements prove to be consistent with expectation from linear instability analysis. This provides us with independent verification of the generation mechanism and linear dispersion relation of beam‐driven and loss‐cone‐driven ECH waves. Our statistical results demonstrate that the median value of the wave vectors of beam‐driven ECH waves, characterized by wave normal angles () less than 80°, is 0.011 m−1; and that of loss‐cone‐driven ECH waves, characterized by wave normal angles larger than 85°, is 0.00765 m−1. Direct wavenumber measurements of ECH waves allow us to better understand the interaction between ECH waves and electrons in Earth's magnetosphere.
Episodes of Early Pleistocene West Antarctic Ice Sheet Retreat Recorded by Iceberg Alley Sediments
Authors: Bailey Ian , Hemming Sidney , Reilly Brendan T. , Rollinson Gavyn , Williams Trevor , Weber Michael E. , Raymo Maureen E. , Peck Victoria L. , Ronge Thomas A. , Brachfeld Stefanie , O'Connell Suzanne , Tauxe Lisa , Warnock Jonathan P. , Armbrecht Linda , Cardillo Fabricio G. , Du Zhiheng , Fauth Gerson , Garcia Marga , Glueder Anna , Guitard Michelle , Gutjahr Marcus , Hernández‐Almeida Iván , Hoem Frida S. , Hwang Ji‐Hwan , Iizuka Mutsumi , Kato Yuji , Kenlee Bridget , Martos Yasmina M. , Pérez Lara F. , Seki Osamu , Tripathi Shubham , Zheng Xufeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIce loss in the Southern Hemisphere has been greatest over the past 30 years in West Antarctica. The high sensitivity of this region to climate change has motivated geologists to examine marine sedimentary records for evidence of past episodes of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) instability. Sediments accumulating in the Scotia Sea are useful to examine for this purpose because they receive iceberg‐rafted debris (IBRD) sourced from the Pacific‐ and Atlantic‐facing sectors of West Antarctica. Here we report on the sedimentology and provenance of the oldest of three cm‐scale coarse‐grained layers recovered from this sea at International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1538. These layers are preserved in opal‐rich sediments deposited ∼1.2 Ma during a relatively warm regional climate. Our microCT‐based analysis of the layer's in‐situ fabric confirms its ice‐rafted origin. We further infer that it is the product of an intense but short‐lived episode of IBRD deposition. Based on the petrography of its sand fraction and the Phanerozoic 40Ar/39Ar ages of hornblende and mica it contains, we conclude that the IBRD it contains was likely sourced from the Weddell Sea and/or Amundsen Sea embayment(s) of West Antarctica. We attribute the high concentrations of IBRD in these layers to “dirty” icebergs calved from the WAIS following its retreat inland from its modern grounding line. These layers also sit at the top of a ∼366‐m thick Pliocene and early Pleistocene sequence that is much more dropstone‐rich than its overlying sediments. We speculate this fact may reflect that WAIS mass‐balance was highly dynamic during the ∼41‐kyr (inter)glacial world.
circ_0003204 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via miR-370-3p/HDAC4 axis
Authors: Yu Liyuan , Xia Kai , Zhou Jing , Hu Zhiai , Yin Xing , Zhou Chenchen , Zou Shujuan , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are a promising cell type for bone tissue regeneration. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play a critical role in regulating various cell differentiation and involve in mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis. However, how circRNAs regulate hASCs in osteogenesis is still unclear. Herein, we found circ_0003204 was significantly downregulated during osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Knockdown of circ_0003204 by siRNA or overexpression by lentivirus confirmed circ_0003204 could negatively regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. We performed dual-luciferase reporting assay and rescue experiments to verify circ_0003204 regulated osteogenic differentiation via sponging miR-370-3p. We predicted and confirmed that miR-370-3p had targets in the 3′-UTR of HDAC4 mRNA. The following rescue experiments indicated that circ_0003204 regulated the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs via miR-370-3p/HDAC4 axis. Subsequent in vivo experiments showed the silencing of circ_0003204 increased the bone formation and promoted the expression of osteogenic-related proteins in a mouse bone defect model, while overexpression of circ_0003204 inhibited bone defect repair. Our findings indicated that circ_0003204 might be a promising target to promote the efficacy of hASCs in repairing bone defects.
Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function
Authors: Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi , Arnoriaga-Rodríguez María , Garre-Olmo Josep , Puig Josep , Ramos Rafael , Trelis Maria , Burokas Aurelijus , Coll Clàudia , Zapata-Tona Cristina , Pedraza Salvador , Pérez-Brocal Vicente , Ramió Lluís , Ricart Wifredo , Moya Andrés , Jové Mariona , Sol Joaquim , Portero-Otin Manuel , Pamplona Reinald , Maldonado Rafael , Fernández-Real José Manuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery (n = 114) and replication cohorts (n = 942). We also found that Blastocystis was linked to bacterial functions related to aromatic amino acids metabolism and folate-mediated pyrimidine and one-carbon metabolism. Blastocystis-associated shifts in bacterial functionality translated into the circulating metabolome. Finally, we evaluated the effects of microbiota transplantation. Donor’s Blastocystis subtypes led to altered recipient’s mice cognitive function and prefrontal cortex gene expression. In summary, Blastocystis warrant further consideration as a novel actor in the gut microbiome-brain axis.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of subcutaneous adipose tissues identifies therapeutic targets for cancer-associated lymphedema
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Yuan Meng , Xiang Qinqin , Li Zhujun , Xu Fen , Chen Wen , Chen Jie , Huang Jiuzuo , Yu Nanze , Zhou Zhou , Long Xiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer-associated lymphedema frequently occurs following lymph node resection for cancer treatment. However, we still lack effective targeted medical therapies for the treatment or prevention of this complication. An in-depth elucidation of the cellular alterations in subcutaneous adipose tissues of lymphedema is essential for medical development. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 70,209 cells of the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissues from lymphedema patients and healthy donors. Four subpopulations of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) were identified. Among them, the PRG4+/CLEC3B+ ASC subpopulation c3 was significantly expanded in lymphedema and related to adipose tissue fibrosis. Knockdown of CLEC3B in vitro could significantly attenuate the fibrogenesis of ASCs from patients. Adipose tissues of lymphedema displayed a striking depletion of LYVE+ anti-inflammatory macrophages and exhibited a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Pharmacological blockage of Trem1, an immune receptor predominantly expressed by the pro-inflammatory macrophages, using murine LR12, a dodecapeptide, could significantly alleviate lymphedema in a mouse tail model. Cell–cell communication analysis uncovered a perivascular ligand-receptor interaction module among ASCs, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells. We provided a comprehensive analysis of the lineage–specific changes in the adipose tissues from lymphedema patients at a single-cell resolution. CLEC3B was found to be a potential target for alleviating adipose tissue fibrosis. Pharmacological blockage of TREM1 using LR12 could serve as a promising medical therapy for treating lymphedema.
Stability of high-temperature salty ice suggests electrolyte permeability in water-rich exoplanet icy mantles
Authors: Hernandez Jean-Alexis , Caracas Razvan , Labrosse Stéphane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrolytes play an important role in the internal structure and dynamics of water-rich satellites and potentially water-rich exoplanets. However, in planets, the presence of a large high-pressure ice mantle is thought to hinder the exchange and transport of electrolytes between various liquid and solid deep layers. Here we show, using first-principles simulations, that up to 2.5 wt% NaCl can be dissolved in dense water ice at interior conditions of water-rich super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. The salt impurities enhance the diffusion of H atoms, extending the stability field of recently discovered superionic ice, and push towards higher pressures the transition to the stiffer ice X phase. Scaling laws for thermo-compositional convection show that salts entering the high pressure ice layer can be readily transported across. These findings suggest that the high-pressure ice mantle of water-rich exoplanets is permeable to the convective transport of electrolytes between the inner rocky core and the outer liquid layer.
A scalable, open-source implementation of a large-scale mechanistic model for single cell proliferation and death signaling
Authors: Erdem Cemal , Mutsuddy Arnab , Bensman Ethan M. , Dodd William B. , Saint-Antoine Michael M. , Bouhaddou Mehdi , Blake Robert C. , Gross Sean M. , Heiser Laura M. , Feltus F. Alex , Birtwistle Marc R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMechanistic models of how single cells respond to different perturbations can help integrate disparate big data sets or predict response to varied drug combinations. However, the construction and simulation of such models have proved challenging. Here, we developed a python-based model creation and simulation pipeline that converts a few structured text files into an SBML standard and is high-performance- and cloud-computing ready. We applied this pipeline to our large-scale, mechanistic pan-cancer signaling model (named SPARCED) and demonstrate it by adding an IFNγ pathway submodel. We then investigated whether a putative crosstalk mechanism could be consistent with experimental observations from the LINCS MCF10A Data Cube that IFNγ acts as an anti-proliferative factor. The analyses suggested this observation can be explained by IFNγ-induced SOCS1 sequestering activated EGF receptors. This work forms a foundational recipe for increased mechanistic model-based data integration on a single-cell level, an important building block for clinically-predictive mechanistic models.
Decoupling the electronic and geometric effects of Pt catalysts in selective hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Chunpeng , Mao Shanjun , Lu Bing , Chen Yuzhuo , Zhang Xie , Chen Zhirong , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDecoupling the electronic and geometric effects has been a long cherished goal for heterogeneous catalysis due to their tangled relationship. Here, a novel orthogonal decomposition method is firstly proposed to settle this issue in p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction on size- and shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles (NPs) carried on various supports. Results suggest Fermi levels of catalysts can be modulated by supports with varied work function (Wf). And the selectivity on Pt NPs of similar size and shape is linearly related with the Wf of support. Optimized Fermi levels of the catalysts with large Wf weaken the ability of Pt NPs to fill valence electrons into the antibonding orbital of C–Cl bond, finally suppressing the hydrodehalogenation side reaction. Foremost, the geometric effect is firstly spun off through orthogonal relation based on series of linear relationships over various sizes of Pt NPs reflecting the electronic effect. Moreover, separable nested double coordinate system is established to quantitatively evaluate the two effects.
Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure among cultivated potato clones from Korea and global breeding programs
Authors: Jo Kwang Ryong , Cho Seungho , Cho Ji-Hong , Park Hyun-Jin , Choi Jang-Gyu , Park Young-Eun , Cho Kwang-Soo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCharacterizing the genetic diversity and population structure of breeding materials is essential for breeding to improve crop plants. The potato is an important non-cereal food crop worldwide, but breeding potatoes remains challenging owing to their auto-tetraploidy and highly heterozygous genome. We evaluated the genetic structure of a 110-line Korean potato germplasm using the SolCAP 8303 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Infinium array and compared it with potato clones from other countries to understand the genetic landscape of cultivated potatoes. Following the tetraploid model, we conducted population structure analysis, revealing three subpopulations represented by two Korean potato groups and one separate foreign potato group within 110 lines. When analyzing 393 global potato clones, country/region-specific genetic patterns were revealed. The Korean potato clones exhibited higher heterozygosity than those from Japan, the United States, and other potato landraces. We also employed integrated extended haplotype homozygosity (iHS) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) to identify selection signatures spanning candidate genes associated with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Based on the informativeness of SNPs for dosage genotyping calls, 10 highly informative SNPs discriminating all 393 potatoes were identified. Our results could help understanding a potato breeding history that reflects regional adaptations and distinct market demands.
Unravelling the non-classicality role in Gaussian heat engines
Authors: de Oliveira Junior A. , de Oliveira Marcos César 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAt the heart of quantum thermodynamics lies a fundamental question about what is genuine “quantum” in quantum heat engines and how to seek this quantumness, so that thermodynamical tasks could be performed more efficiently compared with classical protocols. Here, using the concept of P-representability, we define a function called classicality, which quantifies the degree of non-classicality of bosonic modes. This function allows us to explore the role of non-classicality in quantum heat engines and design optimal protocols for work extraction. For two specific cycles, a quantum Otto and a generalised one, we show that non-classicality is a fundamental resource for performing thermodynamic tasks more efficiently.