bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal concentrations of acetylated amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid in acetyl‐CoA transporter deficiency
Authors: Šikić Katarina , Peters Tessa M. A. , Marušić Eugenija , Čagalj Ivana Čulo , Ramadža Danijela Petković , Žigman Tamara , Fumić Ksenija , Fernandez Esperanza , Gevaert Kris , Debeljak Željko , Wevers Ron A. , Barić Ivo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcetyl‐CoA transporter 1 (AT‐1) is a transmembrane protein which regulates influx of acetyl‐CoA from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and is therefore important for the posttranslational modification of numerous proteins. Pathological variants in the SLC33A1 gene coding for AT‐1 have been linked to a disorder called Huppke‐Brendel syndrome, which is characterized by congenital cataracts, hearing loss, severe developmental delay and early death. It has been described in eight patients so far, who all had the abovementioned symptoms together with low serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations. The link between AT‐1 and low ceruloplasmin concentrations is not clear, nor is the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Here we describe a further case of Huppke‐Brendel syndrome with a novel and truncating homozygous gene variant and provide novel biochemical data on N‐acetylated amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Our results indicate that decreased levels of many N‐acetylated amino acids in CSF are a typical metabolic fingerprint for AT‐1 deficiency and are potential biomarkers for the defect. As acetyl‐CoA is an important substrate for protein acetylation, we performed N‐terminal proteomics, but found only minor effects on this particular protein modification. The acetyl‐CoA content in patient's fibroblasts was insignificantly decreased. Our data may help to better understand the mechanisms underlying the metabolic disturbances, the pathophysiology and the clinical phenotype of the disease.
γδ T cell exhaustion: Opportunities for intervention
Authors: Chen Di , Guo Yinglu , Jiang Jiahuan , Wu Pin , Zhang Ting , Wei Qichun , Huang Jian , Wu Dang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractT lymphocytes are the key protective contributors in chronic infection and tumor, but experience exhaustion by persistent antigen stimulation. As an unconventional lineage of T cells, γδ T cells can rapidly response to varied infectious and tumor challenges in a non-MHC-restricted manner and play key roles in immune surveillance via pleiotropic effector functions, showing promising as candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. Activated γδ T cells can also acquire exhaustion signature with elevated expression of immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, decreased cytokine production, and functional impairment. However, the exhaustion features of γδ T cells are distinct from conventional αβ T cells. Here, we review the researches regarding the characteristics, heterogeneity, and mechanisms of γδ T cell exhaustion. These studies provide insights into the combined strategies to overcome the exhaustion of γδ T cells and enhance antitumor immunity.Summary sentence: Review of the characteristics, heterogeneity, and mechanisms of γδ T cell exhaustion provides insights into the combined strategies to enhance γδ T cell-based antitumor immunotherapy.
Rapid warming of the Arctic troposphere in the winter during 2015–2016 and its relationship to the mid‐high latitude teleconnection wave train
Authors: Tian Qing , Wen Min , Zhang Renhe , Su Jingzhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the winter of 2015–2016, an extraordinary warming event occurred in the troposphere in the Arctic region. The above‐normal temperatures extended from the surface to 300 hPa in the Arctic. The number of extremely warm days derived from the surface air temperature revealed that this event was the most significant warming event since 1980. It was found that the tropospheric warming anomaly was not fully dependent on the warming anomalies at lower levels, and it formed earlier than the lower anomalies. In December 2015, there were three obvious warm centers in the troposphere in the mid‐high latitude regions in eastern North America, northern Europe, and western Asia. Albeit the strongest warming anomaly occurred in North America, the prominent warm advection to the Arctic region was transported from northern Europe during the initial stage of the Arctic mid‐upper tropospheric warming. Further investigation revealed that the teleconnection wave train stretching across North America to the North Atlantic and northern Europe contributed significantly to the existence of a poleward transport channel from northern Europe to the Arctic. The wave train spread from west to east and produced a strong southerly wind disturbance over the warm region in northern Europe. As a result, extraordinary poleward heat and water vapour transport occurred across the polar boundary causing substantial warming in the Arctic mid‐upper troposphere. During the extreme Arctic tropospheric warming event, the dynamic processes related to the heat transport over northern Europe directly contributed to the advanced rapid warming in the Arctic mid‐upper troposphere; whereas, the dynamic and thermal processes associated with the transport across the Arctic boundary jointly maintained the late stage of Arctic warming.
Etiology of sinonasal inverted papilloma: An update
Authors: Sunkara Pranit R. , Saraswathula Anirudh , Ramanathan Murugappan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveSinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) and its clinical features have been widely studied, but there are few studies delving into its etiology and risk factors. A narrative review was conducted to summarize a contemporary understanding of the potential etiologies of IP, including immunologic/inflammatory, viral, genetic, and environmental causes.Study DesignReview.MethodsA MEDLINE search was conducted through August 11, 2021, focusing on studies investigating the etiology and risk factors for sinonasal IP and its malignant transformation.ResultsHigh‐ and low‐risk human papillomavirus have been connected with the formation of IP, but conflicting evidence exists regarding their role. Occupational and industrial exposures may also contribute to IP formation, while smoking may increase the odds of malignant progression. Exon 20 mutations in EGFR are an active area of research in IP with mixed evidence. Finally, several cell cycle and angiogenic factors such as Ki67, VEGF, and Akt/mTOR have been implicated in the development and progression of IP.ConclusionThere continues to be conflicting evidence around the development of IP, but significant progress has been made in recent years. Further study is needed for all these potential etiologies to elucidate risk factors and therapeutic strategies.
Implementation experience and initial assessment of a rural women's health training program in support of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs as a learning health system
Authors: Sanders Aimee M. , Golden Rachel E. , Kolehmainen Christine , Brenton Jonna K. , Frayne Susan M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing number of women Veterans receiving health care from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has spurred the need for more women's health primary care providers (PCPs) and nurses, including in rural areas nationwide. Here we report on the implementation of a women's health rural workforce training program, demonstrate initial evidence of its effectiveness within VHA as a Learning Health System, and present lessons learned and implications for other workforce training programs.MethodsThe Women's Health Primary Care Mini‐Residency for Rural Providers and Nurses (Rural WH‐MR) is a mobile VHA training initiative adapted from a national training model. The Rural WH‐MR uses asynchronous blended learning paired with in‐person hands‐on instruction delivered directly at rural VHA sites. Mixed methods evaluation using quantitative data, qualitative interviews, and observational feedback assessed the program's implementation feasibility, fidelity, acceptability, and appropriateness. Longitudinal survey data were used to assess the initial program impact via changes in participating PCP and nurse knowledge, attitudes, practices, and skills (KAPS).ResultsInclusive of the pilot and fiscal years 2018 and 2019 Rural WH‐MR trainings, 181 PCPs, and 320 nurses were trained through 56 training events nationwide. Cumulative survey data using 5‐point measures showed high participant satisfaction, achievement of program‐specific objectives, and usefulness of training activities to the rural practice of both PCPs and nurses. Both a pre‐training and 6‐month‐follow‐up survey were completed by 52 PCPs (32.9%) and 93 nurses (32.2%) and revealed significant sustained improvements in 18 out of 22 KAPS (p < 0.01–0.03) areas assessed for PCPs and all 17 KAPS (p < 0.01) areas assessed for nurses.ConclusionsThis adapted training program benefitted VHA's rural clinical workforce thereby contributing to the VHA goal of increasing the numbers of rural women Veterans with access to PCPs and nurses with women's health expertise.
ARHGEF40 promotes non‐small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasion via the AKT‐Wnt axis by binding to RhoA
Authors: Gu Jian , Zhang Xiupeng , Jiang Guiyang , Li Qingchang , Wang Enhua , Yu Juanhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 40 (ARHGEF40) is a member of the Dbl‐family of guanine nucleotide factor proteins. However, its expression pattern and biological function in malignant tumors, notably in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are currently unknown. The present study demonstrated that ARHGEF40 was highly expressed in NSCLC specimens and that its expression was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002), and poor prognosis (p = 0.0056). In addition, ARHGEF40 accelerated nuclear translocation of the key component β‐catenin and increased the expression levels of the Wnt signaling pathway targets c‐myc, cyclin D1 and MMP7. Moreover, it promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, the current study demonstrated that ARHGEF40 could induce activation of the Wnt signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation levels of AKT and GSK3β via interaction with RhoA. Moreover, the Dbl homology (DH)‐pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of ARHGEF40 was responsible for this interaction. Its deletion abolished the binding, which blocked the activation of the Wnt signaling. Taken together, the data indicated that ARHGEF40 promoted the malignant phenotype of lung cancer cells by activating the AKT‐Wnt axis. This was achieved by its interaction with RhoA via the DH‐PH domain. ARHGEF40 may serve as a novel target for NSCLC treatment.
Impact of autocalibration method on accelerated EPI of the cervical spinal cord at 7 T
Authors: Seifert Alan C. , Xu Junqian 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe spinal cord contains sensorimotor neural circuits of scientific and clinical interest. However, spinal cord functional MRI (fMRI) is significantly more technically demanding than brain fMRI, due primarily to its proximity to the lungs. Accelerated echo‐planar imaging (EPI) at 7 T is particularly vulnerable to k‐space phase inconsistencies induced by motion or B0 fluctuation, during either autocalibration signal (ACS) or time‐series acquisition. For 7 T brain fMRI, sensitivity to motion and B0 fluctuation can be reduced using a re‐ordered segmented EPI ACS based on the fast low‐angle excitation echo‐planar technique (FLEET). However, respiration‐induced B0 fluctuations (exceeding 100 Hz at C7) are greater, and fewer k‐space lines per slice are required for cervical spinal cord fMRI at 7 T, necessitating a separate evaluation of ACS methods.MethodsWe compared 24‐line single‐shot EPI with 48‐line two‐shot segmented EPI, two‐shot FLEET, and gradient echo (GRE)–based ACS acquisition methods, performed under various physiological conditions, in terms of temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio and prevalence of artifacts in generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA)‐accelerated EPI of the cervical spinal cord at 7 T.ResultsSegmented EPI and FLEET ACS produce images with nearly identical patterns of severe image artifacts. GRE and single‐shot EPI ACS consistently produce images free from significant artifacts, and temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio is significantly greater for GRE ACS, particularly in lower slices where through‐slice dephasing is most severe.ConclusionsGRE and single‐shot EPI‐ACS acquisition methods, which are robust to respiration‐induced phase errors between k‐space segments, produce images with fewer and less severe artifacts than either FLEET or conventionally segmented EPI for accelerated EPI of the cervical spinal cord at 7 T.
Diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic bladder secondary to aortic dissection: A 8‐year retrospective study at a single center
Authors: Zhou Zhonghan , Gao Yi , Li Xing , Wang Xuesheng , Liao Limin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo review the characteristics of the neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) secondary to aortic dissection (AD), analyze the clinical features, and discuss the treatment options.MethodsTen individuals complaining of lower urinary tract syndrome following AD were enrolled in this study. Clinical characteristics, urological and neurological symptoms/signs, imaging examination, and intervention were reviewed. Liao's comprehensive classification system was used to precisely assess the lower and upper urinary dysfunction.ResultsThe urinary symptoms can be varied, including dysuria, incontinence, and frequency. Individuals were divided into the detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor underactivity (DU) subgroups. Continence, impaired upper urinary tract functions (renal insufficiency, vesicoureteral reflux, upper urinary tract dilatation, and lower urinary tract functions (DO and/or detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia/detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia, DU, low bladder capacity, and compliance) were examined using video‐urodynamics. The principle of treatment is “low‐pressure bladder storage with complete bladder emptying,” and close follow‐up was recommended due to the volatile course of NLUTD.ConclusionsBoth cardiovascular surgeons and urologists should pay attention to the occurrence of NLUTD following AD, and determine the most appropriate therapeutic option.
Medicaid expansion and health care access for individuals with obesity in the United States
Authors: Kendrick Karla N. , Marcondes Felippe O. , Stanford Fatima Cody , Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate associations of Medicaid expansion with health care access for adults with obesity and to explore racial/ethnic differences in these changes in health care access.MethodsUsing 2011 to 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, the study compared health care access measures among adults who were aged ≥18 years and who had BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and household income ≤ 138% of the federal poverty line by state Medicaid expansion status using a difference‐in‐differences approach with logistic regression. The authors further stratified the main analysis by race/ethnicity.ResultsMedicaid expansion was associated with improvements in health care access, including lower proportions of those without a usual source of care (−3.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.8% to −1.4%, p < 0.01) and cost as a barrier to medical care (−4.5%, 95% CI: −7.0% to −1.9%, p < 0.01). No significant changes were found in routine medical checkups in the last year (−1.8%, 95% CI: −4.4% to 0.8%, p = 0.12). However, across these measures, Medicaid expansion was consistently associated with better access among non‐Hispanic White adults (−6.0% to −7.9%, p < 0.01) and not at all among non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults (p > 0.05).ConclusionsMedicaid expansion was associated with significant improvements in health care access among adults with obesity, but these improvements were variable across race and ethnicity.
BMI is not independently associated with coronary artery calcification in a large single‐center CT cohort
Authors: Altintas Sibel , van Workum Samanta , Kok Madeleine , Joosen Ivo A. P. G. , Versteylen Mathijs O. , Nelemans Patricia J. , Wildberger Joachim E. , Crijns Harry J. G. M. , Das Marco , Kietselaer Bas L. J. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD mortality. However, previous reports showed a paradoxical protective effect in patients with known CVD referred as “obesity paradox”. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in a large outpatient cardiac CT cohort.Methods4.079 patients who underwent cardiac CT between December 2007–May 2014 were analyzed. BMI and clinical risk factors (current smoking, diabetes mellitus type 2, family history, systolic blood pressure, lipid spectrum) were assessed. Missing values were imputed using multiple imputation. CAC extent was categorized as absent (0), mild (>0–100), moderate (>100–400) and severe (>400).ResultsMultivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis, including all risk factors as independent variables, showed no association between BMI and CAC. Using absence of calcification as reference category, the odds ratios per unit increase in BMI were 1.01 for mild; 1.02 for moderate; and 1.00 for severe CAC (p‐values ≥0.103).ConclusionsNo statistically significant association was observed between BMI and CAC after adjustment for other risk factors.
Removing systemic barriers to equity, diversity, and inclusion: Report of the 2019 Plant Science Research Network workshop “Inclusivity in the Plant Sciences”
Authors: Henkhaus Natalie A. , Busch Wolfgang , Chen Angela , Colón‐Carmona Adán , Cothran Maya , Diaz Nicolas , Dundore‐Arias Jose Pablo , Gonzales Michael , Hadziabdic Denita , Hayes Rebecca A. , MacIntosh Gustavo C. , Na Ali , Nyamasoka‐Magonziwa Blessing , Pater Dianne , Peritore‐Galve F. Christopher , Phelps‐Durr Tara , Rouhier Kerry , Sickler Delanie B. , Starnes John H. , Tyler Quentin R. , Valdez‐Ward Evelyn , Vega‐Sánchez Miguel E. , Walcott Ron R. , Ward Joy K. , Wyatt Sarah E. , Zapata Felipe , Zemenick Ash T. , Stern David B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA future in which scientific discoveries are valued and trusted by the general public cannot be achieved without greater inclusion and participation of diverse communities. To envision a path towards this future, in January 2019 a diverse group of researchers, educators, students, and administrators gathered to hear and share personal perspectives on equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the plant sciences. From these broad perspectives, the group developed strategies and identified tactics to facilitate and support EDI within and beyond the plant science community. The workshop leveraged scenario planning and the richness of its participants to develop recommendations aimed at promoting systemic change at the institutional level through the actions of scientific societies, universities, and individuals and through new funding models to support research and training. While these initiatives were formulated specifically for the plant science community, they can also serve as a model to advance EDI in other disciplines. The proposed actions are thematically broad, integrating into discovery, applied and translational science, requiring and embracing multidisciplinarity, and giving voice to previously unheard perspectives. We offer a vision of barrier‐free access to participation in science, and a plant science community that reflects the diversity of our rapidly changing nation, and supports and invests in the training and well‐being of all its members. The relevance and robustness of our recommendations has been tested by dramatic and global events since the workshop. The time to act upon them is now.
Structural insights into thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using single‐particle cryo‐EM
Authors: Mishra Suman , Kundu Nidhi , Pramanick Ishika , Kumar Anil , Chattopadhyay Kausik , Dutta Somnath 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) is a ~19 kDa, hemolytic pore‐forming toxin from the gram‐negative marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the causative agents of seafood‐borne acute gastroenteritis and septicemia. Previous studies have established that TDH exists as a tetrameric assembly in physiological state; however, there is limited knowledge regarding the molecular arrangement of its disordered N‐terminal region (NTR)—the absence of which has been shown to compromise TDH's hemolytic and cytotoxic abilities. In our current study, we have employed single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy to resolve the solution‐state structures of wild‐type TDH and a TDH construct with deletion of the NTR (NTD), in order to investigate structural aspects of NTR on the overall tetrameric architecture. We observed that both TDH and NTD electron density maps, resolved at global resolutions of 4.5 and 4.2 Å, respectively, showed good correlation in their respective oligomeric architecture. Additionally, we were able to locate extra densities near the pore opening of TDH which might correspond to the disordered NTR. Surprisingly, under cryogenic conditions, we were also able to observe novel supramolecular assemblies of TDH tetramers, which we were able to resolve to 4.3 Å. We further investigated the tetrameric and inter‐tetrameric interaction interfaces to elaborate upon the key residues involved in both TDH tetramers and TDH super assemblies. Our current structural study will aid in understanding the mechanistic aspects of this pore‐forming toxin and the role of its disordered NTR in membrane interaction.
Spurious effects of the deep convection parameterisation on the simulation of a Sahelian heatwave
Authors: Tomasini M. , Guichard F. , Couvreux F. , Roehrig R. , Barbier J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA severe heatwave occurred in April 2010 over West Africa. It was characterised by a particularly high daily minimum temperature reaching more than 35°C locally and a high water vapour content. In this study we analyse the ability of a mesoscale limited‐area model to represent such an event and investigate the advantage of using an explicit representation of deep convection for such a case associated with very limited precipitation amounts. Two high‐resolution simulations (5 km × 5 km horizontal grid) have been performed from 10 to 19 April 2010; they are identical except that one uses a deep convection parameterisation (simulation PARAM) and the other does not (simulation EXPL). These simulations are evaluated with different observational datasets including gridded products as well as local meteorological measurements and radiosoundings. Overall, both simulations display a negative temperature bias in the low levels but this bias is much more pronounced in PARAM, mainly due to evaporative cooling of spurious precipitation. Indeed, in PARAM, precipitation is too frequently triggered (around mid‐day, i.e., several hours too early) and too strong; the intertropical discontinuity (ITD) propagates too far north during this 10‐day sequence. Conversely, in EXPL, the observed northward shift of the ITD is correctly simulated and precipitation displays a better timing, variability, intensity and latitudinal extent. It thus appears that the representation of deep convection affects the atmospheric circulation associated with the heatwave event. The mechanisms involved in this humid heatwave are further investigated with thermodynamic and dynamic budgets which also underline the main differences between the two simulations. A proper representation of deep convection on sub‐diurnal time‐scale turns out to be necessary for the simulation of this heatwave episode, which points to the interest of convection‐permitting simulations for the study of heatwaves even though they are generally characterised by very little precipitation.