bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of Leigh syndrome induced by mouse blastocyst complementation with a mutant human mitochondrial ATP synthase 6
Authors: Yuan Huijun , Webster Keith A. , Bhatti Muhammad Tariq , Hauswirth William W. , Lewin Alfred S. , Guy John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMutation of the m. 8993 T > G ATP6 subunit of ATP synthase causes a maternally inherited Leigh Syndrome (LS), a rapidly fatal encephalomyelopathy in childhood called and related Neuropathy, Ataxia and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) in adults. There is no cure, and relevant animal models are few. Here we describe a novel ATP6 mouse model of LS and preclinical efficacy of a gene therapy approach to neutralize the ATP6 mutation by competition with a mitochondrial targeted adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector containing wild‐type ATP6.MethodsLS transgenic mice with an ATP6 mutation were developed by microinjecting AAV2 modified by a COX8 mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) into mouse blastocysts to deliver the human ATP6 gene with a T > G mutation at position 8993 of the mitochondrial genome, responsible for clinical LS DNA, protein, and metabolic assays confirmed functional gene delivery and in depth physiological/clinical assessments supported germline transmission of an LS phenotype. Rescue of LS in this model was evaluated after intravenous injection of mito‐targeted AAV9 containing wild‐type ATP6 followed by reevaluation of phenotypes.ResultsLS transgenic mice expressed mutant ATP6 protein in multiple relevant tissues including brain, eye, liver. Mutant ATP6 incorporated into Complex V and conferred decreased ATP synthase efficiency. Mice exhibited hallmarks of the human disease with one or multiple systemic symptoms including early death, paralysis, hunching, vision loss and seizures over six generations. Necropsy revealed spongiform encephalopathy, retinal degeneration, and cardiomegaly. Rescue by mitochondrially directed AAV9 containing wild type ATP6 after disease onset conferred prolonged survival and reduced paralysis. When administered prior to disease onset all treated ATP6 mice survived with evidence of globally improved function.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with efficient delivery and expression of foreign genes in mitochondria by AAV vectors directed by MTS and support further development of such strategies via intravenous injection of mitochondrial targeted AAV9 to deliver corrective genes.
Exploring the intersection of multiple social determinants of health and disordered eating behaviors in a population‐based sample in the United States
Authors: Simone Melissa , Slaughter‐Acey Jaime , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Eisenberg Marla , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveDisordered eating behaviors (DEBs) have long‐term, deleterious effects on health and are more prevalent among socially marginalized groups, likely as a result of systemic inequities across social determinants of health (SDoH). This exploratory study aimed to identify subgroups of emerging adults characterized by main and interactive associations between SDoH and two forms of DEB (binge eating, extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors).MethodParticipants (n = 1568; age 22.2 ± 2.1 years) from the United States were drawn from the EAT 2010–2018 longitudinal study. Conditional inference tree (CIT) analyses derived main and intersecting SDoH related to DEB across 33 input variables collected during adolescence and emerging adulthood.ResultsThe binge eating CIT revealed five subgroups (prevalence: 6.3–23.2%) shaped by variables collected during emerging adulthood: appearance‐based teasing (p < .001), financial difficulty (p = .003), gender (p < .001), and everyday discrimination (p = .008). The CIT results for extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors derived six subgroups (prevalence: 2.3–45.5%) shaped by weight teasing (p < .001) and gender (p < .001) during emerging adulthood and public assistance (p = .008) and neighborhood safety (p = .007) in adolescence.DiscussionThis exploratory study revealed distinct subgroups of emerging adults with varying DEB prevalence, suggesting that variability in DEB prevalence may be partially explained by intersecting SDoH during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Hypothesis‐driven research and replication studies are needed to further explore the associations between SDoH and DEB during emerging adulthood.Public Significance StatementDisordered eating behaviors are common among young people in the United States and have long‐term health consequences. This exploratory study identified subgroups of young people, characterized by combinations of social inequities (e.g., financial difficulties, teasing). Results highlight high‐risk subgroups of emerging adults that should be examined further in hypothesis‐driven research.
Social innovation for developing sustainable solutions in a fisheries sector
Authors: Akinsete Ebun , Vassilopoulos Achilleas , Secco Laura , Pisani Elena , Nijnik Maria , Marini‐Govigli Valentino , Koundouri Phoebe , Kafetzis Alkis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we explore how social innovation can provide a range of ecosystem services to local people while supporting public policies and private sector initiatives in delivering successful and innovative food distribution channels. In the Mediterranean basin, the status of commercial fish stocks is critical. In this sense, small‐scale, low‐impact fishing is a way to sustainably utilise socially innovative practices in the use of natural assets and to provide support to rural livelihoods while having minimal impacts on the marine environment. We use an innovative evaluation method, based on the integration of qualitative information with quantitative indicators, to assess social innovation initiatives and their impacts. The use of the methodology is demonstrated on the example of the project A Box of Sea, Greece. The results obtained show that this social initiative provides a novel food consumption and distribution model aiming at making low impact fishing more economically viable, and therefore achieving a triple sustainability for the sector (environmental, social, and economic). We identify third sector social innovation schemes as key tools to develop novel distribution systems supporting local communities (providing employment, fostering new networks and collaborations across fishers), while improving governance practices of the current fishing sector by creating a fairer market that protects the marine environment. Our findings provide a foundation upon which future evaluations of similar projects can build and compare. Such comparisons are crucial in determining patterns related to the innovation transfer processes.
Chronic postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty: The potential contributions of synovitis, pain sensitization and pain catastrophizing—An explorative study
Authors: Kurien Thomas , Kerslake Robert W. , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Auer Dorothee P. , Edwards Kimberley , Scammell Brigitte E. , Petersen Kristian Kjær‐Staal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA subset of osteoarthritis patients will experience chronic postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the source of pain is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess patients with and without postoperative pain after TKA using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), quantitative sensory testing (QST), clinical assessment of pain and assessments of catastrophizing thoughts.MethodsForty‐six patients completed the 6‐month postoperative assessment. MRI findings were scored according to the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score recommendation for Hoffa synovitis, effusion size and bone marrow lesions. QST included assessment of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Pain catastrophizing was assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Clinical pain assessment was conducted using a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0–10 cm), and groups of moderate‐to‐severe (VAS > 3) and none‐to‐mild postoperative pain (VAS ≤ 3) were identified.ResultsPatients with moderate‐to‐severe postoperative pain (N = 15) demonstrated higher grades of Hoffa synovitis (p < 0.001) and effusion size (p < 0.001), lower PPTs (p = 0.039), higher TSP (p = 0.001) and lower CPM (p = 0.014) when compared with patients with none‐to‐mild postoperative pain (N = 31). No significant difference was found in PCS scores between the two groups. Multiple linear regression models found synovitis (p = 0.036), effusion size (p = 0.003), TSP (p = 0.013) and PCS (p < 0.001) as independent parameters contributing to the postoperative pain intensity.ConclusionThese exploratory findings could indicate that chronic postoperative pain after TKA is a combination of joint‐related synovitis and effusion, sensitization of central pain mechanisms and potentially pain catastrophizing thoughts, but larger studies are needed to confirm this.SignificanceThe end‐stage treatment of knee osteoarthritis is total knee arthroplasty. Some patients experience chronic postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty, but the mechanism for chronic postoperative pain is widely unknown. The current study indicates that higher levels postoperative of synovitis and effusion, higher temporal summation of pain and higher pain catastrophizing scores could be associated with higher chronic postoperative pain.
Photovoltaic power intra‐ and day‐ahead predictions with differential learning producing PDE‐modular models based on the node L‐transform derivatives
Authors: Zjavka Ladislav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredictions of photovoltaic (PV) energy supply, based on data statistics of weather and PV records, are required in short‐intra and day‐ahead planning of PV plant operations. Numerical weather prediction (NWP), based on physical consideration, can simulate the progress of local cloudiness, although their prognoses are usually delayed by a few hours and are not provided with the quality desired by PV operators. Differential polynomial neural network (D‐PNN) is an unconventional hybrid regression technique, based on a novel learning strategy and able to resolve some problems in modeling patterns in high‐dynamical and chaotic non‐deterministic systems. D‐PNN splits the general partial differential equation (PDE) of the kth order into a summation form of two‐variable PDEs of a predetermined low order. PDE derivatives are transformed and separated into the Laplace counterparts, from which the unknown node originals are restored using the inverse L‐operation. D‐PNN searches for the best 2‐input couples, inserting node by node into its changeable tree structure, to expand the modular sum model by usable PDE components. The PDE‐modularization enhances the D‐PNN capability in modeling high uncertainty in weather patterns in the ground‐layer atmosphere, analogous to NWP. The designed PV intra‐ and day‐ahead prediction schemes, using hourly increasing and fixed‐time prediction horizons, were compared with different computing approaches based on differential, probabilistic and statistical learning. Machine learning (ML) models calculate the output PV power in each single hour separately or in an all‐day processing series with trained input delay. The results are analyzed and interpreted for each day and prediction hour. The quantitative results for both prediction procedures are comparable, showing the average intraday 11.6% and all‐day 9.6% (or rather 12.3% respectively) inaccuracy with respect to the daily peak power. Training data samples with spatial overlap in the regional scope and ML initialized similarity intervals are related to the fixed‐day or hourly increased input–output delay. This approach can compensate for unpredictable midterm variances in local weather patterns (caused by terrain or convection anomalies) and possible errors in model initialization. PV power was converted to and restored from the clear sky index in the modeling input/output, which represents its relative values, disregarding the actual solar cycle time.
Quantifying relative contributions of source waters from a subalpine wetland to downstream water bodies
Authors: Hathaway Julia M. , Westbrook Cherie J. , Rooney Rebecca C. , Petrone Richard M. , Langs Lindsey E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSubalpine regions of the Canadian Rocky Mountains are expected to experience continued changes in hydrometeorological processes due to anthropogenically mediated climate warming. As a result, fresh water supplies are at risk as snowmelt periods occur earlier in the year, and glaciers contribute less annual meltwater, resulting in longer growing seasons and greater reliance on rainfall to generate runoff. In such environments, wetlands are potentially important components that control runoff processes, but due to their location and harsh climates their hydrology is not well studied. We used stable water isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δ2H and δ18O), coupled with MixSIAR, a Bayesian mixing model, to understand relative source water contributions and mixing within Burstall Wetland, a subalpine wetland (1900 m a.s.l.), and the larger Burstall Valley. These results were combined with climate data from the Burstall Valley to understand hydrometeorological controls on Burstall Wetland source water dynamics over spatiotemporal timescales. Our results show that the seasonal isotopic patterns within Burstall Wetland reflect greater reliance on snowmelt in spring and rainfall in the peak and post‐growing season periods. We found a substantial degree of mixing between precipitation (rain and snow) and stored waters in the landscape, especially during the pre‐growing season. These findings suggest that longer growing seasons in subalpine snow‐dominated landscapes put wetlands at risk of significant water loss and increased evaporation rates potentially leading to periods of reduced runoff during the peak‐ growing season and in extreme cases, wetland dry out.
Cyclic freeze–thaw grinding to decellularize meniscus for fabricating porous, elastic scaffolds
Authors: Ding Yangfan , Zhang Weixing , Sun Binbin , Mo Xiumei , Wu Jinglei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDecellularized meniscus extracellular matrix (dmECM)‐based biological scaffolds in the forms of sponge, hydrogel, nanofiber, and composite have gained increasing interest in meniscus tissue engineering and regeneration. A common shortcoming of those scaffolds is insufficient mechanical strength and poor elasticity. Herein, we report a practicable protocol for milder meniscus decellularization to prepare elastic, porous dmECM scaffolds. Porcine meniscus was pulverized by cyclic freeze–thaw grinding and then treated with DNase to obtain fine dmECM particles. Individual dmECM particles were condensed to bulk preparation by centrifuge, followed by lyophilization to form blocks, and finally crosslinked by dehydrothermal treatment to obtain porous dmECM scaffolds. Our results show that the freeze–thaw grinding method was effective in removing cellular DNA with good retention of meniscus‐derived bioactive components. The dmECM scaffold had porous structure with interconnected mesopores and good mechanical properties. Primary articular chondrocytes proliferated robustly and maintained chondrogenic characteristics and produce abundant collagen on dmECM scaffolds. Evaluation of biocompatibility in a rat model shows that the dmECM scaffold elicited minor foreign body reactions, indicating effective antigen removal from dmECM. This study provides an alternative for preparing dmECM and fabricating porous scaffolds for meniscus repair and regeneration.
Bis(pyridyl)carbodicarbene supported ruthenium complexes and their catalytic application in hydrogen‐transfer reaction
Authors: Wang Ting‐Hsuan , Leung Tsz‐Fai , Liang Yu‐Fu , Wang Chung‐Yu , Ong Tiow‐Gan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report the preparation and structural characterization of the first known pincer carbodicarbene (CDC) supported ruthenium complexes. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiment indicated that tridentate bis(pyridyl)‐CDC free ligand is coordinated to the six‐coordinated ruthenium (II) in meridional conformation with each of two chlorides trans to the carbone carbon and phosphine. The pincer effect of new ligand bis(pyridyl)‐CDC has shortened the Ru‐carbodicarbene bond length in comparison to monodentate CDC. The catalytic activity of the new CDC complexes was tested in hydrogen transfer reaction, revealing the efficient activity of CDC‐supported Ru complexes in catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketone using 2‐propanol as hydrogen source.
Utilization of coal gangue for preparing high‐silica porous materials with excellent ad/desorption performance on VOCs
Authors: Jiang Xueying , Zhao Cheng , Hu Xiaomei , Tong Zhangfa , Yun Junge , Wei Ninghan , Wang Keju , Liu Chengxian , Zou Yun , Chen Zhihang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoal gangue causes a series of environmental problems due to its low utilization rate and high amount of hoarding. However, the preparation of porous materials with coal gangue is an effective method of resource utilization. Mesoporous silica and meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 were prepared with alkali melting activation‐acid leaching and hydrothermal synthesis, respectively. The orthogonal experiment was used to explore the optimal preparation conditions for mesoporous silica. Meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 were characterized with instruments. The adsorption and desorption performance of the porous material was explored by dynamic adsorption/desorption on volatile organic compounds (VOCs).RESULTSThe optimal preparation conditions for mesoporous silica are a roasting temperature of 800 °C, mass ratio of coal gangue to sodium carbonate of 1:0.6, and sulfuric acid leaching of 4 mol L−1. The characterization results show that the molecular sieve has a superior specific surface and a certain amount of mesoporous pores due to the addition of the appropriate mesoporous template. The results of toluene dynamic adsorption experiments show that the meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 (ZSM‐5‐0.025PAC) has excellent adsorption and desorption performance (the adsorption capacity is up to 47.02 mg g−1), water resistance (the adsorption capacity decreased only 4.64%), and renewability (the adsorption and desorption efficiency is up to 95% and 97%).CONCLUSIONThe porous materials prepared presented excellent VOCs ad/desorption performance, which has good industrial application prospects. The research provides a novel approach for the utilization of coal gangue. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of xylapeptide A
Authors: Muchlis Handi Nugraha , Kurnia Dessy Yulyani , Maharani Rani , Zainuddin Achmad , Harneti Desi , Nurlelasari  , Mayanti Tri , Farabi Kindi , Hidayat Ace Tatang , Supratman Unang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractXylapeptide A is a cyclopentapeptide, [cyclo‐D‐Ala‐L‐Val‐N‐Me‐L‐Phe‐L‐Pip‐L‐Leu], first isolated from Xylaria sp. × Sophora tonkinensis, together with its analogue, xylapeptide B, which differ by only one residue, proline in xylapeptide B is replaced by pipecolinic acid (Pip) in xylapeptide A. Both xylapeptides A and B possess antimicrobial properties against several bacteria and fungi. Herein, we describe the first total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of xylapeptide A containing two non‐proteinogenic residues, N‐Me‐phenylalanine and pipecolinic acid. The synthesis of xylapeptide A was achieved by a combination of solid‐ and solution‐phase methods that were applied for the synthesis of xylapeptide B. Interestingly, the cyclization of linear xylapeptide A was more straightforward yielding 22% compared to 8.9% for xylapeptide B, suggesting that the presence of pipecolinic acid in the linear precursor affected the cyclization process. NMR analysis of synthetic xylapeptide A revealed that the chemical shifts of all protons and carbons of xylapeptide A are highly similar to the natural product. The synthetic xylapeptide A, together with xylapeptide B, were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties, showing that synthetic xylapeptide A has moderate antimicrobial activity and better antimicrobial properties compared to synthetic xylapeptide B. The presence of pipecolinic acid in xylapeptide A is an important requirement for antimicrobial activity.
Responses and feedbacks of vegetation dynamics to precipitation anomaly over the semiarid area of north China: Evidences from simulations of the WRF‐Noah model
Authors: Zhang Xuezhen , Liu Xinrui , Chen Jiazhe , Tang Qiuhong , Wang Yilong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKnowledge of the responses and feedbacks of vegetation dynamics to interannual climate anomalies in the semiarid area of north China is lacking. This study addresses this issue through climate modelling for 1991–2006 with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, into which a locally empirical vegetation dynamic (VED) scheme was implemented. The VED scheme was built on the basis of regression models of the leaf area index (LAI), green vegetation fraction (GVF), and surface albedo (ALB) with ambient temperature and humidity as independent variables. Using the update WRF model, the climate simulations were carried out with turning on and off VED, respectively. By comparing the simulations outputs with each other, we find that the interannual variability of precipitation from simulations with turning on VED is larger than that from simulations with turning off VED. The larger interannual variability of precipitation could be explained by VED feedback. Vegetation growth would be more vigorous, as a response, under the more precipitation, because which brings more available water. In turn, vigorous vegetation leads to more evapotranspiration and, hence, precipitable water; as a result, there would be more precipitation. It is reversed for the years with less precipitation. Such interactions between vegetation and precipitation could be summarized as positive feedback loops. This study suggests that the interannual precipitation variability can be enlarged by VED through positive evapotranspiration–precipitation feedback. It is therefore necessary to consider the vegetation dynamics for future downscaled regional climate predictions to pursue more reliable interannual climate variability.