bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assemblage thinking as a methodology for studying urban AI phenomena
Authors: Tseng Yu-Shan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to bypass assumptions that researchers in critical algorithmic studies and urban studies find it difficult to study algorithmic systems due to their black-boxed nature. In addition, it seeks to work against the assumption that advocating for transparency in algorithms is, therefore, the key for achieving an enhanced understanding of the role of algorithmic technologies on modern life. Drawing on applied assemblage thinking via the concept of the urban assemblage, I demonstrate how the notion of urban assemblage can work as an alternative way to explore the distributed and potential dimensions of what has been termed as Urban AI phenomena. Rather than seeing Urban AI phenomena as black-boxed, unknown and opaque, the notion of urban assemblage locates such entities within the wider contests of the city: urban places, communities and politics, where human-algorithmic relationships gather and disperse. In addition, this approach focuses on the potentialities of Urban AI phenomena—how algorithmic systems can operate differently through different aspects of the city—which can be seen to manifest new forms of resistance, collective actions and democracy. I use a case study of an algorithmic system designed to facilitate digital democracy—vTaiwan—to exemplify how assemblage methodology foregrounds the role of cities as spaces and places for exploring the democratic possibilities of algorithmic systems. This paper concludes with discussion of how the assemblage methodology contributes to serve as a bridge between critical algorithm studies and recent studies of platform urbanism.
Italian validation of the short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12)
Authors: Volonte’ Silvia , Barba Marta , Cola Alice , Marino Giuseppe , Frigerio Matteo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of this study was to translate the English short form of Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) and evaluate its validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

Methods
The questionnaire was translated into Italian by standardized procedural steps, and the final version was submitted to women referred to urogynecological outpatient care for genital prolapse or urinary incontinence reporting sexual disorders (cases) or not (controls). For the test-retest evaluation, cases received the questionnaire 2 weeks later. The Wilcoxon test (non-parametric) was used to assess differences between cases and controls. Convergent validity was tested with the Italian version of the FSFI-19. The internal consistency was tested using Cronbachʼs alpha. The degree of concordance/agreement was measured with Cohenʼs kappa. The absolute agreement of test-retest results was tested with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Sixty women were recruited for the study and answered the questionnaire. The overall rate of missing items was 1.3%. Construct validity was demonstrated, as the questionnaire discriminated significantly between patients with and without symptoms. Convergent validity with FSFI-19 was tested, and a linear correlation between scores was demonstrated (F < 0.001). Internal consistency reliability evaluated with Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory (0.54–0.81). Cohenʼs kappa values as absolute agreement coefficients were between 0.59 and 0.80 (good agreement). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.88 and 0.94 (very satisfactory agreement) for each functional domain.

Conclusions
The Italian version of the PISQ-12 is reliable, valid, and consistent.
Sesamol protects against liver fibrosis induced in rats by modulating lysophosphatidic acid receptor expression and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway
Authors: Elrazik Nesma A. Abd , El-Mesery Mohamed , El-Shishtawy Mamdouh M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of sesamol (SML), a nutritional phenolic compound obtained from sesame seeds, in liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups: control, TAA, TAA + SML 50 mg/kg, and TAA + SML 100 mg/kg groups. Liver functions and hepatic contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured colorimetrically. Gene expressions of lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR)-1 and -3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)-3 and -7, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Moreover, phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3) was quantified by ELISA. Additionally, TGF-β1, α-SMA, CK19, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein concentrations were semi-quantitatively analyzed by immunostaining of liver sections. SML treatment markedly improved liver index and liver functions. Moreover, SML protected against liver fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by down-regulation of LPAR1, LPAR3, CTGF, TGF-β1/Smad3, and α-SMA expressions and a decrease in pSmad3 level, as well as an up-regulation of Smad7 expression. In addition, SML suppressed ductular reaction hinted by the decrease in CK19 expression. These results reveal the anti-fibrotic effect of SML against liver fibrosis that might be attributed to down-regulation of LPAR1/3 expressions, inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, and ductular reaction.
Quantum Spectral Problems and Isomonodromic Deformations
Authors: Bershtein Mikhail , Gavrylenko Pavlo , Grassi Alba 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe develop a self-consistent approach to study the spectral properties of a class of quantum mechanical operators by using the knowledge about monodromies of $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

linear systems (Riemann–Hilbert correspondence). Our technique applies to a variety of problems, though in this paper we only analyse in detail two examples. First we review the case of the (modified) Mathieu operator, which corresponds to a certain linear system on the sphere and makes contact with the Painlevé $$\mathrm {III}_3$$

III
3

equation. Then we extend the analysis to the 2-particle elliptic Calogero–Moser operator, which corresponds to a linear system on the torus. By using the Kyiv formula for the isomonodromic tau functions, we obtain the spectrum of such operators in terms of self-dual Nekrasov functions ($$\epsilon _1+\epsilon _2=0$$

ϵ
1

+

ϵ
2

=
0

). Through blowup relations, we also find Nekrasov–Shatashvili type of quantizations ($$\epsilon _2=0$$

ϵ
2

=
0

). In the case of the torus with one regular singularity we obtain certain results which are interesting by themselves. Namely, we derive blowup equations (filling some gaps in the literature) and we relate them to the bilinear form of the isomonodromic deformation equations. In addition, we extract the $$\epsilon _2\rightarrow 0$$

ϵ
2

→
0

limit of the blowup relations from the regularized action functional and CFT arguments.
How genetic risk contributes to autoimmune liver disease
Authors: Ellinghaus David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and GWAS/genome-wide meta-analyses (GWMA) for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have been successful over the past decade, identifying about 100 susceptibility loci in the human genome, with strong associations with the HLA locus and many susceptibility variants outside the HLA locus with relatively low risk. However, identifying causative variants and genes and determining their effects on liver cells and their immunological microenvironment is far from trivial. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on current genome-wide data have limited potential to predict individual disease risk. Interestingly, results of mediated expression score regression analysis provide evidence that a substantial portion of gene expression at susceptibility loci is mediated by genetic risk variants, in contrast to many other complex diseases. Genome- and transcriptome-wide comparisons between AIH, PBC, and PSC could help to better delineate the shared inherited component of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), and statistical fine-mapping, chromosome X-wide association testing, and genome-wide in silico drug screening approaches recently applied to GWMA data from PBC could potentially be successfully applied to AIH and PSC. Initial successes through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments in PBC and PSC now raise high hopes for understanding the impact of genetic risk variants in the context of liver-resident immune cells and liver cell subpopulations, and for bridging the gap between genetics and disease.
Contrast-enhanced mammography for the assessment of screening recalls: a two-centre study
Authors: Cozzi Andrea , Schiaffino Simone , Fanizza Marianna , Magni Veronica , Menicagli Laura , Monaco Cristian Giuseppe , Benedek Adrienn , Spinelli Diana , Di Leo Giovanni , Di Giulio Giuseppe , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the potential of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) for reducing the biopsy rate of screening recalls.

Methods
Recalled women were prospectively enrolled to undergo CEM alongside standard assessment (SA) through additional views, tomosynthesis, and/or ultrasound. Exclusion criteria were symptoms, implants, allergy to contrast agents, renal failure, and pregnancy. SA and CEM were independently evaluated by one of six radiologists, who recommended biopsy or 2-year follow-up. Biopsy rates according to SA or recombined CEM (rCEM) were compared with the McNemar’s test. Diagnostic performance was calculated considering lesions with available final histopathology.

Results
Between January 2019 and July 2021, 220 women were enrolled, 207 of them (median age 56.6 years) with 225 suspicious findings analysed. Three of 207 patients (1.4%) developed mild self-limiting adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agent. Overall, 135/225 findings were referred for biopsy, 90/225 by both SA and rCEM, 41/225 by SA alone and 4/225 by rCEM alone (2/4 being one DCIS and one invasive carcinoma). The rCEM biopsy rate (94/225, 41.8%, 95% CI 35.5–48.3%) was 16.4% lower (p < 0.001) than the SA biopsy rate (131/225, 58.2%, 95% CI 51.7–64.5%). Considering the 124/135 biopsies with final histopathology (44 benign, 80 malignant), rCEM showed a 93.8% sensitivity (95% CI 86.2–97.3%) and a 65.9% specificity (95% CI 51.1–78.1%), all 5 false negatives being ductal carcinoma in situ detectable as suspicious calcifications on low-energy images.

Conclusions
Compared to SA, the rCEM-based work-up would have avoided biopsy for 37/225 (16.4%) suspicious findings. Including low-energy images in interpretation provided optimal overall CEM sensitivity.

Key Points
• The work-up of suspicious findings detected at mammographic breast cancer screening still leads to a high rate of unnecessary biopsies, involving between 2 and 6% of screened women.
• In 207 recalled women with 225 suspicious findings, recombined images of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) showed a 93.8% sensitivity and a 65.9% specificity, all 5 false negatives being ductal carcinoma in situ detectable on low-energy images as suspicious calcifications.
• CEM could represent an easily available one-stop shop option for the morphofunctional assessment of screening recalls, potentially reducing the biopsy rate by 16.4%.
Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies
Authors: Jannasch Franziska , Dietrich Stefan , Bishop Tom R. P. , Pearce Matthew , Fanidi Anouar , O’Donoghue Gráinne , O’Gorman Donal , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Vollenweider Peter , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Byberg Liisa , Wolk Alicja , Hashemian Maryam , Malekzadeh Reza , Poustchi Hossein , Luft Vivian C. , de Matos Sheila M. Alvim , Kim Jihye , Kim Mi Kyung , Kim Yeonjung , Stern Dalia , Lajous Martin , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Akbaraly Tasnime , Kivimaki Mika , Maskarinec Gertraud , Le Marchand Loïc , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. ,   EPIC-InterAct Consortium, Wareham Nicholas J. , Forouhi Nita G. , Schulze Matthias B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world.

Methods
This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8–25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059–1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I2 = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027–1.088).

Conclusion
Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP–T2D associations were confirmed.
Can the Borg CR-10 scale for neck and low back discomfort predict future neck and low back pain among high-risk office workers?
Authors: Waongenngarm Pooriput , van der Beek Allard J. , Janwantanakul Prawit , Akkarakittichoke Nipaporn , Coenen Pieter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Perceived discomfort could indicate an early sign of pain, for example, as a result of a biomechanical load on the musculoskeletal system. Assessing discomfort can, therefore, help to identify workers at increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders for targeted intervention development. We aimed: (1) to identify the optimal cut-off value of neck and low back discomfort among office workers and (2) to evaluate its predictive validity with future neck and low back pain, respectively.

Methods
At baseline healthy participants (n = 100) completed questionnaires, including the Borg CR-10 discomfort scale (on a 0–10 scale), and were followed for six months, during which musculoskeletal pain was assessed monthly. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of baseline discomfort with the onset of future neck or low back pain. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve were estimated to identify the optimal discomfort cut-off value predicting future pain.

Results
Borg CR-10 scores ≥ 3.5 for perceived neck and low back discomfort had acceptable sensitivity and specificity to predict future neck and low back pain, respectively. Perceived discomfort at baseline as a dichotomous measure (using the ≥ 3.5 cut-off) was a statistically significant predictor of future neck pain (OR = 10.33) and low back pain (OR = 11.81).

Conclusion
We identified the optimal cut-off value of the Borg CR-10 discomfort scale to identify office workers at increased risk of developing neck and low back pain. These findings might benefit ergonomists, primary health care providers, and occupational health researchers in developing targeted interventions.
Cognitive load promotes honesty
Authors: Reis Moritz , Pfister Roland , Foerster Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn three experiments, we examined the cognitive underpinnings of self-serving dishonesty by manipulating cognitive load under different incentive structures. Participants could increase a financial bonus by misreporting outcomes of private die rolls without any risk of detection. At the same time, they had to remember letter strings of varying length. If honesty is the automatic response tendency and dishonesty is cognitively demanding, lying behavior should be less evident under high cognitive load. This hypothesis was supported by the outcome of two out of three experiments. We further manipulated whether all trials or only one random trial determined payoff to modulate reward adaptation over time (Experiment 2) and whether payoff was framed as a financial gain or loss (Experiment 3). The payoff scheme of one random or all trials did not affect lying behavior and, discordant to earlier research, facing losses instead of gains did not increase lying behavior. Finally, cognitive load and incentive frame interacted significantly, but contrary to our assumption gains increased lying under low cognitive load. While the impact of cognitive load on dishonesty appears to be comparably robust, motivational influences seem to be more elusive than commonly assumed in current theorizing.
Skipping breakfast and excess weight among young people: the moderator role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio , Tapia-Serrano Miguel Ángel , García-Hermoso Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to test whether the daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) engaged moderate the relationship between breakfast status and excess weight (i.e., overweight and/or obesity) in a Spanish sample of young people. A cross-sectional study involving a total sample of 2890 Spanish schoolchildren (46% girls) aged 6−17 years (M = 12.3 ± 2.6) was conducted. To determine the habit of having breakfast, a dichotomous item about breakfast status (yes/no) from the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and teenagers (KIDMED) was used. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents were fulfilled to offer an estimation of the minutes of MVPA that individuals had in the last seven days. Body mass index (BMI) was converted into z-scores and, therefore, excess weight status (i.e., overweight and/or obesity) was established according to World Health Organization criteria for sex and age. Skipping breakfast was positively related with BMI (z-score) and excess weight. Moderation analyses suggested that daily MVPA minutes moderated the association between skipping breakfast and BMI (boys: β =  − 0.175; girls: β =  − 0.073) or the excess weight (boys: OR = 1.10; CI 95%, 1.02 to 1.07; girls: OR = 1.14; CI 95%, 1.04 to 1.24), meaning that physical activity of sufficient intensity seems to reduce the effect of skipping breakfast on the body weight status of young people.Conclusion: Our results indicate that promotion of having breakfast should be accompanied by daily MVPA, as young participants who have breakfast and with higher daily MVPA seem to be more likely to have no excess weight.

What is Known:• Some of the well-studied factors associated with childhood obesity have been skipping breakfast and insufficient physical activity.• Some studies have pointed out the association between having breakfast and both body mass index and physical activity level, in isolation.

What is New:• Daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity moderate the association between skipping breakfast and excess weight.• Breakfast promotion as a healthy eating habit should be accompanied by increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, since participants who have breakfast and with higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity seem to be more likely to have no excess weight.
Ticks on the move—climate change-induced range shifts of three tick species in Europe: current and future habitat suitability for Ixodes ricinus in comparison with Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor marginatus
Authors: Cunze Sarah , Glock Gustav , Kochmann Judith , Klimpel Sven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTick-borne diseases are a major health problem worldwide and could become even more important in Europe in the future. Due to changing climatic conditions, ticks are assumed to be able to expand their ranges in Europe towards higher latitudes and altitudes, which could result in an increased occurrence of tick-borne diseases.There is a great interest to identify potential (new) areas of distribution of vector species in order to assess the future infection risk with vector-borne diseases, improve surveillance, to develop more targeted monitoring program, and, if required, control measures.Based on an ecological niche modelling approach we project the climatic suitability for the three tick species Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor marginatus under current and future climatic conditions in Europe. These common tick species also feed on humans and livestock and are vector competent for a number of pathogens.For niche modelling, we used a comprehensive occurrence data set based on several databases and publications and six bioclimatic variables in a maximum entropy approach. For projections, we used the most recent IPCC data on current and future climatic conditions including four different scenarios of socio-economic developments.Our models clearly support the assumption that the three tick species will benefit from climate change with projected range expansions towards north-eastern Europe and wide areas in central Europe with projected potential co-occurrence.A higher tick biodiversity and locally higher abundances might increase the risk of tick-borne diseases, although other factors such as pathogen prevalence and host abundances are also important.
Exponential-Time Quantum Algorithms for Graph Coloring Problems
Authors: Shimizu Kazuya , Mori Ryuhei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fastest known classical algorithm deciding the k-colorability of n-vertex graph requires running time $$\varOmega (2^n)$$

Ω
(

2
n

)

for $$k\ge 5$$

k
≥
5

. In this work, we present an exponential-space quantum algorithm computing the chromatic number with running time $$O(1.9140^n)$$

O
(
1
.

9140
n

)

using quantum random access memory (QRAM). Our approach is based on Ambainis et al’s quantum dynamic programming with applications of Grover’s search to branching algorithms. We also present a polynomial-space quantum algorithm not using QRAM for the graph 20-coloring problem with running time $$O(1.9575^n)$$

O
(
1
.

9575
n

)

. For the polynomial-space quantum algorithm, we essentially develop $$(4-\epsilon )^n$$

(
4
-
ϵ
)

n

-time classical algorithms that can be improved quadratically by Grover’s search.