bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardising care of the dying: An ethnographic analysis of the Liverpool Care Pathway in England and the Netherlands
Authors: Borgstrom Erica , Dekker Natashe Lemos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (LCP) was a prominent set of guidance in the late 2000s and early 2010s within palliative and end‐of‐life care. Developed in England to improve the care of dying patients, it was later adopted in 20 counties. After a public scandal, it was removed from practice in England but remains in other locations, including the Netherlands. Drawing on two sets of ethnographic data, from England and the Netherlands, we consider the ways in which the LCP was engaged with as a form of standardisation aimed at improving practice, how it was deployed in relation to other forms of knowledge, and the political and moral statements that are being made through the (selective) use of it. Looking into the use of the LCP shows that, while the LCP attempts to standardise some of the values associated with palliative care, there are significant differences between how these standardised values are then enacted in different institutional and national contexts and by different individual care professionals. We conclude that the LCP was used to impart moral values, establish protocols of care, and demonstrate professionalism, showing the multiplicity of the use of standards in healthcare practice.
Factors that Influence the Learning Curve: Evidence from Cost Behavior in Clinical Labs*
Authors: Krishnan Ranjani , Ramasubramanian Hari 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTClinical labs belong to a mature industry and fulfill a critical function in the health‐care value chain. We examine factors that influence the opportunity, motivation, and ability to learn in clinical labs. We hypothesize that with respect to learning about cost: (i) organizational design, such as the extent of outsourcing can impede the opportunity to learn, (ii) quality focus (measured by mortality rates and length of stay (LOS)) can reduce the motivation to learn, and (iii) related task variety (measured by product‐mix breadth) and information technology investments can enhance the ability to learn. Our empirical tests calibrate learning effects on disaggregate (technical and supervisory hours and cost) and aggregate (salary and total direct cost) cost and time pools. Using longitudinal data from clinical labs in California for the period 1997–2015, we find that clinical labs with greater cumulative output have lower average costs, consistent with learning effects in clinical labs. We also find results consistent with our hypotheses about the contextual factors that influence learning rates in clinical labs. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of learning rates with implications for budgeting, forecasting, and performance measurement. The results highlight that learning can be a crucial source of cost reduction in health‐care settings.
Thoracoscopic repair of neonatal left diaphragmatic hernia with sac combined with both extralobar pulmonary sequestration and congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Authors: Yamada Koji , Muto Mitsuru , Onishi Shun , Machigashira Seiro , Nishida Nanako , Nagano Ayaka , Murakami Masakazu , Sugita Koshiro , Yano Keisuke , Harumatsu Toshio , Yamada Waka , Matsukubo Makoto , Kawano Takafumi , Ieiri Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntradiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration (IDEPS) is considered to be very rare among extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS), and IDEPS combined with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with sac is extremely rare. The patient was a neonatal girl. Left‐sided CDH with a hernia sac was diagnosed based on computed tomography (CT). Thoracoscopic repair was planned for the 5th day after birth. Left CDH with sac was recognized on the posterolateral side and isolated EPS was recognized on the sac. The hernia sac, including the EPS, was resected, and the diaphragm defect was closed. The resected specimen consisted of fibrous connective tissue and pulmonary sequestration (PS) connected with the sac. It was diagnosed as the hybrid form, with features of both type 2 congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and EPS. The postoperative course was uneventful. At 1 year and 9 mo after the operation, no recurrence of herniation or laterality of the diaphragm was recognized.
Funder priority for vaccines: Implications of a weak Lockean claim
Authors: Muralidharan Anantharaman , Schaefer G. Owen , Johnson Tess , Savulescu Julian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of some COVID‐19 vaccines by private companies like Moderna and Sanofi‐GSK has been substantially funded by various governments. While the Sanofi CEO has previously suggested that countries that fund this development ought to be given some priority, this suggestion has not been taken seriously in the literature. Considerations of nationalism, sustainability, need, and equitability have been more extensively discussed with respect to whether and how much a country is entitled to advance purchase orders of the vaccine under conditions of absolute scarcity. Yet, little attention has been paid to whether prior investment into developing a vaccine entitles a country to some priority with respect to these orders. Moreover, while not a majority view, some survey results show that a significant minority of the populace does endorse some view like this. This article argues that the minority have a point: recognizing funder countries some priority is justified by the weak Lockean claim (WLC). According to the WLC, the fact that someone has contributed to the development of something gives them some entitlement to the resultant product. This article will defend the WLC, and address objections to the argument, including those pertaining to questions of historical injustice and medical need. This argument does not imply an unconstrained entitlement. Rather, contribution to development is one morally relevant factor that must be tempered by and weighed against potentially more substantial claims to priority based on need, equity, and other considerations.
RETRACTED: An intricate relationship between executive function and second‐language ability in a cohort of Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children
Authors: Chen Jin , Kwok Sze Chai , Song Yongning 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relationship between executive function and second‐language ability remains contentious in bilingual children; thus, the current study focused on this issue. In total, 371 Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children ranging from 3 to 6 years old were assessed by a battery of tasks measuring language ability (expressive vocabulary tests, receptive vocabulary tests, and phonological awareness of both their first‐language and second‐language) and executive function (working memory, inhibition, and switching). Our results indicated that age is a crucial moderator of the relationship between second‐language ability and executive function. Specifically, executive function unilaterally predicted second‐language ability in children who were 3–4 years old, whereas second‐language ability and executive function bilaterally influenced each other in children who were 4–5 and 5–6 years old. These findings suggest that executive function and second‐language ability have an intertwined and causal relationship among preschool children during development. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.Research Highlights
A counterfactual model showed causality between executive function and second language ability in Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children.
Executive function unilaterally predicted second language ability in the 3‐ to 4‐year‐old age group.
Executive function and second language ability bilaterally influenced each other in the 4‐ to 5 and 5‐ to 6‐year‐old age groups.
The political reception of innovations
Authors: Frieden Jeffry , Silve Arthur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhy do some societies embrace innovative technologies, policies, and ideas, while others are slow to adopt, and some even resist, them? Incumbent producers are most likely to be affected by certain kinds of innovations; they also wield a disproportionate influence in the design of institutions and policies that encourage or limit their adoption. We show formally that the elite has four cardinal policy options: to appropriate the innovation for itself; to encourage its adoption; to tax, regulate, or limit the innovation; or to block it. We show that six features of an innovation determine how it is received: (i) whether it is easy to replicate; (ii) whether it complements or competes with the elite's sources of income; (iii) whether its impact is broad or narrow; (iv) whether it is location‐dependent, and (v) concealable; (vi) whether it requires large fixed costs. While other works have occasionally considered one of these factors, we show where each feature comes from, and we assess them systematically and together. We provide illustrative evidence of the relevance and generality of the model to understand the fate of a variety of innovations.
An analytical method to separate modality‐specific and nonspecific sensory components of event‐related potentials
Authors: Young Elizabeth Loreley , Mista Christian Ariel , Jure Fabricio Ariel , Andersen Ole Kæseler , Biurrun Manresa José A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral models have been developed to analyse cortical activity in response to salient events constituted by multiple sensory modalities. In particular, additive models compare event‐related potentials (ERPs) in response to stimuli from two or more concomitant sensory modalities with the ERPs evoked by unimodal stimuli, in order to study sensory interactions. In this approach, components that are not specific to a sensory modality are commonly disregarded, although they likely carry information about stimulus expectation and evaluation, attentional orientation and other cognitive processes. In this study, we present an analytical method to assess the contribution of modality‐specific and nonspecific components to the ERP. We developed an experimental setup that recorded ERPs in response to four stimulus types (visual, auditory, and two somatosensory modalities to test for stimulus specificity) in three different conditions (unimodal, bimodal and trimodal stimulation) and recorded the saliency of these stimuli relative to the sensory background. Stimuli were delivered in pairs, in order to study the effects of habituation. To this end, spatiotemporal features (peak amplitudes and latencies at different scalp locations) were analysed using linear mixed models. Results showed that saliency relative to the sensory background increased with the number of concomitant stimuli. We also observed that the spatiotemporal features of modality‐specific components derived from this method likely reflect the amount and type of sensory input. Furthermore, the nonspecific component reflected habituation occurring for the second stimulus in the pair. In conclusion, this method provides an alternative to study neural mechanisms of responses to multisensory stimulation.
The social regulation of corporate social irresponsibility: Reviewing the contribution of corporate reputation
Authors: Nardella Giulio , Brammer Stephen , Surdu Irina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhilst it is assumed that stakeholders penalize and deter corporate social irresponsibility (CSI), instances of CSI persist. Correspondingly, the literature on social regulation—which describes how non‐governmental stakeholders exert their regulatory influence on organizations—remains fragmented. To act as a springboard for future studies, this review examines the contribution of corporate reputation to our understanding of how CSI is socially regulated. Our analysis of a large (n = 448 studies) multidisciplinary body of literature unearths a set of nuanced relationships between CSI and corporate reputation. We synthesize a conceptual framework in order to map the diverse landscape of literature and its contributions. We then highlight important gaps among—as well as between—research streams to present a future research agenda. Accordingly, this review contributes to closing ‘the loop’ between CSI, corporate reputation and social regulation, thereby opening up new pathways for future research.
Changes in actigraphy metrics associated with PROMIS measures after orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Giordano Nicholas A. , Kane Alexandra , Rodriguez Ramiro , Papay Diane , Canales Bryanna , Kirk Keri F. , Buckenmaier Chester C. , Highland Krista B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined the feasibility of integrating actigraphy devices into orthopaedic surgical settings to assess the concurrent validity between objective actigraphy data and PROMIS measures. Additionally, the association between changes in actigraphy data and longitudinal changes in PROMIS measures was examined.MethodsData were collected from 17 participants using actigraphy devices the week prior to and after orthopaedic surgery from 02/2019 to 03/2020. Participants completed PROMIS measures (Physical Function, Sleep Disturbance, Pain Interference) preoperatively and up to 6 months postoperatively. Nonparametric correlations (rs) assessed for concurrent validity. Linear mixed‐effects models examined the association between changes in actigraphy data and PROMIS measures.ResultsProlonged wake after sleep onset was associated with increased sleep disturbances (rs = 0.49; p = 0.045) and pain interference (rs = 0.51; p = 0.04). Changes in pain interference were correlated with increased awakenings (rs = 0.54; p = 0.03). Increased wake after sleep onset was associated with worsening sleep disturbance (β = 0.12; p = 0.01) and pain interference scores over the postoperative period (β = 0.12; p = 0.02).ConclusionsThis study is among the first to examine changes in objective actigraphy data and longitudinal PROMIS measures following orthopaedic surgery and illustrates the feasibility of incorporating actigraphy into surgical settings to evaluate postoperative recovery.
Cost‐related medication nonadherence among Medicare beneficiaries with cardiovascular disease risk factors: The role of comprehension of the Medicare programme and its prescription drug benefits
Authors: Park Chanhyun , Chang Chiu‐chi Angela , Ng Boon Peng , Young Gary J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate how reported comprehension of the Medicare programme and its prescription drug benefits is associated with cost‐related medication nonadherence (CRN) among Medicare beneficiaries with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used the 2017 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File data and included Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who reported having at least one CVD risk factor (i.e., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking and obesity) (n = 2821). A survey‐weighted logistic model was used to examine associations between perceived difficulty of understanding the Medicare programme and its prescription drug benefits and CRN, controlling for beneficiaries' demographic (e.g., age) and clinical characteristics (e.g, comorbidities). This study further analyzed five subgroups based on the type of CVD risk factors involved.ResultsAmong Medicare beneficiaries with CVD risk factors, 14.4% reported CRN. Medicare beneficiaries with CVD risk factors who reported difficulty understanding the overall Medicare programme and its prescription drug benefits were more likely to report CRN, compared to those who reported easy understanding of the overall Medicare programme (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.11−2.04; p = 0.009) and its prescription drug benefits (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.52−2.66; p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the subgroups with obesity, hypertension or hyperlipidemia.ConclusionsPerceived difficulty of understanding the Medicare Programme and its prescription drug benefits is associated with CRN among Medicare beneficiaries with CVD risk factors, especially those with obesity, hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Monitoring and enhancing Medicare beneficiaries' overall understanding of the Medicare programme may reduce CRN.
Psychotropic medication prescribing in assisted living and nursing home residents with dementia after the National Partnership
Authors: Coe Antoinette B. , Zhang Tingting , Zullo Andrew R. , Gerlach Lauren B. , Thomas Kali S. , Daiello Lori A. , Varma Hiren , Lo Derrick , Joshi Richa , Shireman Theresa I. , Bynum Julie P. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services implemented the National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in Nursing Homes (the Partnership) to decrease antipsychotic use and improve care for nursing home (NH) residents with dementia. We determined whether the extent of antipsychotic and other psychotropic medication prescribing in AL residents with dementia mirrored that of long‐stay NH (LSNH) residents after the Partnership.MethodsUsing a 20% sample of fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with Part D, we conducted a retrospective cohort study including AL and LSNH residents with dementia. The monthly prevalence of psychotropic medication prescribing (antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics/sedative‐hypnotics, anticonvulsants/mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, and antidementia medications) was examined. We used an interrupted time‐series analysis to compare medication prescribing before (July 1, 2010–March 31, 2012) and after (April 1, 2012–December 31, 2017) the Partnership in both settings.ResultsWe identified 107,931 beneficiaries with ≥1 month as an AL resident and 323,766 beneficiaries with ≥1 month as a LSNH resident with dementia, including 1,923,867 person‐months and 4,984,405 person‐months, respectively. Antipsychotic prescribing declined over the study period in both settings. After the launch of the Partnership, the rate of decline in antipsychotic prescribing slowed in AL residents with dementia (slope change = 0.03 [95% CLs: 0.02, 0.04]) while the rate of decline in antipsychotic prescribing increased in LSNH residents with dementia (slope change = −0.12 [95% CLs: −0.16, −0.08]). Antidepressants were the most prevalent medication prescribed, anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer prescribing increased, and anxiolytic/sedative‐hypnotic and antidementia medication prescribing declined.ConclusionsThe federal Partnership to reduce antipsychotic prescribing in NH residents did not appear to affect antipsychotic prescribing in AL residents with dementia. Given the increase in the prescribing of mood stabilizers/anticonvulsants that occurred after the launch of the Partnership, monitoring may be warranted for all psychotropic medications in AL and NH settings.
Evaluating sustainability impacts of critical mineral extractions: Integration of life cycle sustainability assessment and SDGs frameworks
Authors: Agusdinata Datu Buyung , Liu Wenjuan , Sulistyo Sinta , LeBillon Philippe , Wegner Je'anne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe extraction of critical minerals used in clean technologies has profound impacts on sustainable development goals (SDGs). Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is used to evaluate the sustainability impacts of products and services, but few frameworks exist to support SDGs assessment for the “green minerals” extraction. Here, we propose a mining‐specific framework identifying linkages between LCSA and SDGs, along with a process to integrate methods and data. As a proof of concept, we assess the LCSA performance and local‐community level SDG impacts of a nickel mining project in Indonesia. Integrating remote sensing, media sources, stakeholder's data, and expert opinion, we find that LCSA encompasses all 17 goals but only a subset of targets and indicators. The study highlights the need to incorporate indigenous people's perspectives in both LCSA and SDG assessments, and points to priority areas for improving life cycle sustainability and SDG outcomes: fighting corruption, protecting cultural heritage, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We suggest that this framework can inform corporate social responsibility activities, as well as consumer choices for low‐carbon technologies.
Rising Intangible Capital, Shrinking Debt Capacity, and the U.S. Corporate Savings Glut
Authors: FALATO ANTONIO , KADYRZHANOVA DALIDA , SIM JAE , STERI ROBERTO 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the connection between rising intangible capital and the secular upward trend in U.S. corporate cash holdings. We calibrate a dynamic model with two productive assets—tangible and intangible capital—in which only tangible capital can serve as collateral. We highlight the following points: (i) a shift toward intangible capital shrinks firms' debt capacity and leads them to hold more cash, (ii) the effect accounts for three‐quarters of the observed trend in average cash ratios, and (iii) it also accounts for the upward trend of cash ratios in the cross‐section of small and large firms and in the aggregate.
Bcl‐xL as prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hoffmeister‐Wittmann Paula , Mock Andreas , Nichetti Federico , Korell Felix , Heilig Christoph E. , Scherr Anna‐Lena , Günther Michael , Albrecht Thomas , Kelmendi Eblina , Xu Kaiyu , Nader Luisa , Kessler Annika , Schmitt Nathalie , Fritzsche Sarah , Weiler Sofia , Sobol Benjamin , Stenzinger Albrecht , Boeck Stefan , Westphalen Christoph B. , Schulze‐Osthoff Klaus , Trojan Jörg , Kindler Thomas , Weichert Wilko , Spiekermann Karsten , Bitzer Michael , Folprecht Gunnar , Illert Anna L. , Boerries Melanie , Klauschen Frederick , Ochsenreither Sebastian , Siveke Jens , Bauer Sebastian , Glimm Hanno , Brors Benedikt , Hüllein Jennifer , Hübschmann Daniel , Uhrig Sebastian , Horak Peter , Kreutzfeldt Simon , Banales Jesus M. , Springfeld Christoph , Jäger Dirk , Schirmacher Peter , Roessler Stephanie , Ormanns Steffen , Goeppert Benjamin , Fröhling Stefan , Köhler Bruno C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA, pCCA, dCCA) are highly malignant tumours with increasing mortality rates due to therapy resistances. Among the mechanisms mediating resistance, overexpression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, Mcl‐1) is particularly important. In this study, we investigated whether antiapoptotic protein patterns are prognostically relevant and potential therapeutic targets in CCA. Bcl‐2 proteins were analysed in a pan‐cancer cohort from the NCT/DKFZ/DKTK MASTER registry trial (n = 1140, CCA n = 72) via RNA‐sequencing and transcriptome‐based protein activity interference revealing high ranks of CCA for Bcl‐xL and Mcl‐1. Expression of Bcl‐xL, Mcl‐1, and Bcl‐2 was assessed in human CCA tissue and cell lines compared with cholangiocytes by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative‐RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the upregulation of Bcl‐xL and Mcl‐1 in iCCA tissues. Cell death of CCA cell lines upon treatment with specific small molecule inhibitors of Bcl‐xL (Wehi‐539), of Mcl‐1 (S63845), and Bcl‐2 (ABT‐199), either alone, in combination with each other or together with chemotherapeutics was assessed by flow cytometry. Targeting Bcl‐xL induced cell death and augmented the effect of chemotherapy in CCA cells. Combined inhibition of Bcl‐xL and Mcl‐1 led to a synergistic increase in cell death in CCA cell lines. Correlation between Bcl‐2 protein expression and survival was analysed within three independent patient cohorts from cancer centers in Germany comprising 656 CCA cases indicating a prognostic value of Bcl‐xL in CCA depending on the CCA subtype. Collectively, these observations identify Bcl‐xL as a key protein in cell death resistance of CCA and may pave the way for clinical application.