bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Atomic Site Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: One Step Closer to Optimum Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Ying Yiran , Fan Ke , Qiao Jinli , Huang Haitao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been one of the most intriguing catalytic reactions in recent years, providing an energy-saving and environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional Haber–Bosch process for ammonia production. However, the activity and selectivity issues originating from the activation barrier of the NRR intermediates and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction result in the unsatisfactory NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency of current NRR catalysts. Atomic site catalysts (ASCs), an emerging group of heterogeneous catalysts with a high atomic utilization rate, selectivity, and stability, may provide a solution. This article undertakes an exploration and systematic review of a highly significant research area: the principles of designing ASCs for the NRR. Both the theoretical and experimental progress and state-of-the-art techniques in the rational design of ASCs for the NRR are summarized, and the topic is extended to double-atom catalysts and boron-based metal-free ASCs. This review provides guidelines for the rational design of ASCs for the optimum activity and selectivity for the electrocatalytic NRR.
Graphical Abstract
Rational design of atomic site catalysts (ASCs) for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has both scientific and industrial significance. In this review, the recent experimental and theoretical breakthroughs in the design principles of transition metal ASCs for NRR are comprehensively discussed, and the topic is also extended to double-atom catalysts and boron-based metal-free ASCs.
Analysis and visualization of team performances of football games
Authors: Obata Tsuneshi , Izumi Shizue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well known that the number of goals in a football game follows a Poisson distribution very well. Therefore, the intensity parameters of Poisson distributions, followed by the number of goals gained/lost by a team, can be regarded as the indices of the offensive/defensive performance of the team. Teams belonging to a professional football league have many games throughout the season. The performances of such teams should be considered not to be constant throughout the season. A Poisson regression model with varying coefficients is proposed to analyze and visualize the time-varying performance indices of football teams. It is also applicable to estimating the performances up to the middle of a season, and estimated performances can be used to predict the future game’s outcome probabilities. These methods are demonstrated with the data of the Japanese professional football league.
The Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart urbanism: platformization and its underlying processes, institutional dimensions, and disruptive impacts
Authors: Bibri Simon Elias , Allam Zaheer , Krogstie John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe emerging phenomenon of platformization has given rise to what has been termed "platform society,“ a digitally connected world where platforms have penetrated the heart of urban societies—transforming social practices, disrupting social interactions and market relations, and affecting democratic processes. One of the recent manifestations of platformization is the Metaverse, a global platform whose data infrastructures, governance models, and economic processes are predicted to penetrate different urban sectors and spheres of urban life. The Metaverse is an idea of a hypothetical set of “parallel virtual worlds” that incarnate ways of living in believably virtual cities as an alternative to future data-driven smart cities. However, this idea has already raised concerns over what constitutes the global architecture of computer mediation underlying the Metaverse with regard to different forms of social life as well as social order. This study analyzes the core emerging trends enabling and driving data-driven smart cities and uses the outcome to devise a novel framework for the digital and computing processes underlying the Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart cities. Further, it examines and discusses the risks and impacts of the Metaverse, paying particular attention to: platformization; the COVID-19 crisis and the ensuing non-spontaneous "normality" of social order; corporate-led technocratic governance; governmentality; privacy, security, and trust; and data governance. A thematic analysis approach is adopted to cope with the vast body of literature of various disciplinarities. The analysis identifies five digital and computing processes related to data-driven smart cities: digital instrumentation, digital hyper-connectivity, datafication, algorithmization, and platformization. The novelty of the framework derived based on thematic analysis lies in its essential processual digital and computing components and the way in which these are structured and integrated given their clear synergies as to enabling the functioning of the Metaverse towards potentially virtual cities. This study highlights how and why the identified digital and computing processes—as intricately interwoven with the entirety of urban ways of living—arouse contentions and controversies pertaining to society’ public values. As such, it provides new insights into understanding the complex interplay between the Metaverse as a form of science and technology and the other dimensions of society. Accordingly, it contributes to the scholarly debates in the field of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) by highlighting the societal and ethical implications of the platformization of urban societies through the Metaverse.
Real-time suicide surveillance supporting policy and practice
Authors: Benson R. , Brunsdon C. , Rigby J. , Corcoran P. , Ryan M. , Cassidy E. , Dodd P. , Hennebry D. , Arensman E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuicide mortality rates are a strong indicator of population mental-health and can be used to determine the efficacy of prevention measures. Monitoring suicide mortality rates in real-time provides an evidence-base to inform targeted interventions in a timely manner and accelerate suicide prevention responses. This paper outlines the importance of real-time suicide surveillance in the context of policy and practice, with a particular focus on public health and humanitarian crises.
Antimicrobial stewardship for sepsis in the intensive care unit: Survey of critical care and infectious diseases physicians
Authors: Vazquez Guillamet M. Cristina , Burnham Jason P. , Pérez Maria , Kollef Marin H. , Manthous Constantine A. , Jeffe Donna B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the attitudes of infectious diseases (ID) and critical care physicians toward antimicrobial stewardship in the intensive care unit (ICU).Design:Anonymous, cross-sectional, web-based surveys.Setting:Surveys were completed in March–November 2017, and data were analyzed from December 2017 to December 2019.Participants:ID and critical care fellows and attending physicians.Methods:We included 10 demographic and 17 newly developed, 5-point, Likert-scaled items measuring attitudes toward ICU antimicrobial stewardship and transdisciplinary collaboration. Exploratory principal components analysis (PCA) was used for data reduction. Multivariable linear regression models explored demographic and attitudinal variables.Results:Of 372 respondents, 315 physicians had complete data (72% attendings, 28% fellows; 63% ID specialists, and 37% critical care specialists). Our PCA yielded a 3-item factor measuring which specialty should assume ICU antimicrobial stewardship (Cronbach standardized α = 0.71; higher scores indicate that ID physicians should be stewards), and a 4-item factor measuring value of ICU transdisciplinary collaborations (α = 0.62; higher scores indicate higher value). In regression models, ID physicians (vs critical care physicians), placed higher value on ICU collaborations and expressed discomfort with uncertain diagnoses. These factors were independently associated with stronger agreement that ID physicians should be ICU antimicrobial stewards. The following factors were independently associated with higher value of transdisciplinary collaboration: female sex, less discomfort with uncertain diagnoses, and stronger agreement with ID physicians as ICU antimicrobial stewards.Conclusions:ID and critical care physicians endorsed their own group for antimicrobial stewardship, but both groups placed high value on ICU transdisciplinary collaborations. Physicians who were more uncomfortable with uncertain diagnoses reported preference for ID physicians to coordinate ICU antimicrobial stewardship; however, physicians who were less uncomfortable with uncertain diagnoses placed greater value on ICU collaborations.
The Urban and Beyond in Latin America
Authors: Jashari Denisa 
Published: August 2022

This essay reviews the following works:Concrete Dreams: Practice, Value, and Built Environments in Post-crisis Buenos Aires. By Nicholas D’Avella. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. Pp. 312. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478005117.Black Market Capital: Urban Politics and the Shadow Economy in Mexico City. By Andrew Konove. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2018. Pp ix + 304. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520293687.Mapping the Megalopolis: Order and Disorder in Mexico City. Edited by Glen David Kuecker and Alejandro Puga. Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield, 2017. Pp vii + 304. $110.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781498559782.Defiant Geographies: Race and Urban Space in 1920s Rio de Janeiro. By Lorraine Leu. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020. Pp. 238. $42.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822946007.The Street Is Ours: Community, the Car, and the Nature of Public Space in Rio de Janeiro. By Shawn William Miller. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp viii + 349. $120.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108426978.New World Cities: Challenges of Urbanization and Globalization in the Americas. Edited by John Tutino and Martin V. Melosi. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Pp. xii + 344. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781469648750.The Invention of the Favela. By Licia do Prado Valladares. Translated by Robert N. Anderson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Pp. xxxii + 286 pages. $32.50 paperback. ISBN: 9781469649986.A City on a Lake: Urban Political Ecology and the Growth of Mexico City. By Matthew Vitz. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp ix + 352. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822370406.
Litigation Risk Management Through Corporate Payout Policy
Authors: Arena Matteo P. , Julio Brandon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFirms modify their payout policy in anticipation of future litigation costs. We examine a comprehensive sample of U.S. corporate lawsuits and find that firms facing significant litigation risk pay lower dividends, and in some cases omit dividends while distributing more cash through share repurchases. Litigation risk changes the distribution of payouts but not the total payout yield as the increase in share repurchases offsets the decrease in dividends. Cash-poor firms cut share repurchases when settlement costs are incurred. The results suggest that firms at a higher risk of litigation increase their payout flexibility.
Regulating Commission-Based Financial Advice: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Sokolinski Stanislav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDo limitations on commissions paid to financial advisers reduce prices of financial products and stimulate investment? I examine these questions by estimating the causal effects of regulating commissions for mutual fund distribution. I exploit the unique institutional setting in Israel and the 2013 policy change when the government reduced commissions differently for different fund types. The reform led to a major decline in fund expense ratios and a consequent increase in fund flows. Funds with price-sensitive investors experienced 35% larger inflows. I interpret these results as investor responses to price competition fostered by a reduction in distribution costs.
Strandings of a neonate and a pregnant Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens(Sowerby, 1804)) in Ireland
Authors: O'Callaghan Seán A. , Overy Louise , Hunt Lucy , Foxall Damian , Collins Maurice , O'Connell Mick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSowerby's beaked whale is a deep-diving cetacean species specialized to live in the deep waters of the North Atlantic, including offshore Irish waters. Sightings of Sowerby's beaked whales in this area are infrequent and a substantial increase in our knowledge of their presence comes from recent static acoustic monitoring (SAM) and passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). However, most information on this species has been derived from stranding records, which provide opportunistic insights into this elusive species' cryptic life history. Here we report on the live stranding of a 1200 mm long neonate and an adult 5 m female Sowerby's beaked whale in July 2015 and on the stranding of a 4.9 m pregnant female in September 2020 with a 495 mm long male foetus in the south-west of Ireland. These stranding events provide an important insight into the reproductive life history of this species and provide further evidence that Sowerby's beaked whales calve in offshore Irish waters.
Monotherapy and combination chemotherapy for Chagas disease treatment: a systematic review of clinical efficacy and safety based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Santana Nogueira Silas , Cardoso Santos Eliziária , Oliveira Silva Roberta , Vilela Gonçalves Reggiani , Lima Graziela Domingues Almeida , Dias Novaes Rômulo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrom a systematic review framework, we analysed the clinical evidence on the effectiveness and safety of monotherapy and combination chemotherapy for Chagas disease (ChD) treatment. The research protocol was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and patient, intervention, comparison and outcome strategy. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) were retrieved from Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Diagnostic tools, treatment protocols, seroconversion rates and adverse events were investigated. Fifteen RCT mainly concentrated in endemic countries were identified. ChD diagnosis was mainly based on haemagglutination, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. Benznidazole (BNZ), nifurtimox, fosravuconazole, posaconazole, allopurinol and thioctic acid were the identified drugs. The best negative seroconversion results (100, 96, 94 and 91.3%) were, respectively, based on BNZ (5 mg kg day−1, 200 mg day−1, 150 mg day−1 and 2.5 mg kg−1) administration for 60 days. Negative seroconversion was not achieved with allopurinol (300 mg day−1 for 60 days). Adverse reactions ranged from 5 to 73% in patients receiving antiparasitic chemotherapy. Treatment discontinuation (1.5–57%) was mainly associated with gastrointestinal, cutaneous and neurological manifestations. Current RCT-based evidence indicates that BNZ is the most viable option for ChD treatment. However, new protocols need to be developed to mitigate side effects and increase patient adherence to antiparasitic chemotherapy. Therefore, shorter regimens, lower concentrations and treatments combining BNZ with posaconazole, fosravuconazole or ravuconazole may be viable to ensure comparable efficacy to BZN-based monotherapy, contributing to reduce dose- and time-dependent toxicity reactions.
Digitally Networked Social Services: Mapping the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) online network in Queensland, Australia
Authors: HENMAN PAUL W. FAY , DAI DAN , BORG SAMANTHA J. , HUMMELL ELOISE , FOSTER MICHELE , FISHER KAREN R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWithin growing marketisation of publicly funded services, the internet has provided new opportunities for marketing, delivery, and coordination of those services. Using web scraping and hyperlink network analysis techniques, this paper examines the ways in which organisations operating in Australia’s evolving National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) system inter-connect online. Social media plays the most important role in the online network. Government agencies also play a central role, with many disability service organisations linking their web users to them. Government agency websites do not hyperlink to disability service providers, suggesting that governments do not see their role as assisting access to such services. Advocacy and peak disability organisations are important in online connections between the websites of government and service organisations. Innovative uses of the internet for online brokerage of disability services are evident. The implications of these findings for service delivery are discussed.
The Distribution of Clay Minerals and Their Impact on Diagenesis in Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Rudolph A. , Horgan B. , Johnson J. , Bennett K. , Haber J. , Bell J. F. , Fox V. , Jacob S. , Maurice S. , Rampe E. , Rice M. , Seeger C. , Wiens R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlen Torridon (GT) is a recessive‐trough feature on the northwestern slope of “Mt. Sharp” in Gale crater, Mars with the highest Fe‐/Mg‐phyllosilicates abundances detected by the Curiosity rover to date. Understanding the origin of these clay minerals and their relationship with diagenetic processes is critical for reconstructing the nature and habitability of past surface and subsurface environments in Gale crater. We aim to constrain the distribution and extent of diagenesis using compositional and morphological trends observed by visible‐to‐near infrared reflectance spectra in GT from Mastcam and ChemCam, supported by high‐resolution images from the Mars Hand Lens Imager. Spectral features consistent with nontronite and fine‐grained red hematite are ubiquitous throughout lower GT, and are strongest where diagenetic features are limited, suggesting that both were formed early, before burial. Diagenetic features increase in both abundance and diversity farther up‐section, and we observe morphologic evidence for multiple episodes of diagenesis, with the edge of a diagenetic front partially preserved in the middle stratigraphic member, Knockfarril Hill. Near the contact between GT and the overlying Greenheugh pediment capping unit, we observe a lack of clay minerals with signatures consistent instead with coarse‐grained gray hematite, likely formed through late‐diagenetic alteration. We hypothesize that the sandstone‐dominant Stimson formation acted as a conduit for diagenetic fluid flow into the area and that the clay‐rich impermeable GT slowed the flow of those fluids, leading to enhanced alteration surrounding the clay‐rich portions of GT, including within the nearby Vera Rubin ridge.
NASA Satellite Measurements Show Global‐Scale Reductions in Free Tropospheric Ozone in 2020 and Again in 2021 During COVID‐19
Authors: Ziemke Jerry R. , Kramarova Natalya A. , Frith Stacey M. , Huang Liang‐Kang , Haffner David P. , Wargan Krzysztof , Lamsal Lok N. , Labow Gordon J. , McPeters Richard D. , Bhartia Pawan K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNASA satellite measurements show that ozone reductions throughout the Northern Hemisphere (NH) free troposphere reported for spring‐summer 2020 during the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 pandemic have occurred again in spring‐summer 2021. The satellite measurements show that tropospheric column ozone (TCO) (mostly representative of the free troposphere) for 20°N–60°N during spring‐summer for both 2020 and 2021 averaged ∼3 Dobson Units (DU) (or ∼7%–8%) below normal. These ozone reductions in 2020 and 2021 were the lowest in the 2005–2021 record. We also include satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 that exhibit reductions of ∼10%–20% in the NH in early spring‐to‐summer 2020 and 2021, suggesting that reduced pollution was the main cause for the low anomalies in NH TCO in 2020 and 2021. Reductions of TCO ∼2 DU (7%) are also measured in the Southern Hemisphere in austral summer but are not associated with reduced NO2.
Impact of Vertical Mixing Parameterizations on Internal Gravity Wave Spectra in Regional Ocean Models
Authors: Thakur Ritabrata , Arbic Brian K. , Menemenlis Dimitris , Momeni Kayhan , Pan Yulin , Peltier W. R. , Skitka Joseph , Alford Matthew H. , Ma Yuchen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present improvements in the modeling of the vertical wavenumber spectrum of the internal gravity wave continuum in high‐resolution regional ocean simulations. We focus on model sensitivities to mixing parameters and comparisons to McLane moored profiler observations in a Pacific region near the Hawaiian Ridge, which features strong semidiurnal tidal beams. In these simulations, the modeled continuum exhibits high sensitivity to the background mixing components of the K‐Profile Parameterization (KPP) vertical mixing scheme. Without the KPP background mixing, stronger vertical gradients in velocity are sustained in the simulations and the modeled kinetic energy and shear spectral slopes are significantly closer to the observations. The improved representation of internal wave dynamics in these simulations makes them suitable for improving ocean mixing estimates and for the interpretation of satellite missions such as the Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission.
Robust Subsurface Biological Response During the Decaying Stage of an Extreme Indian Ocean Dipole in 2019
Authors: Li Hongliang , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Xinyang , Zhu Yuanli , Liu Lin , Wang Baodong , Zhang Xuelei , Wei Qinsheng , Ding Ruibin , Xuan Jiliang , Shou Lu , Zhou Feng , Chen Jianfang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is the predominant interannual climate mode and is critical in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO). However, the dynamics of nutrient supply and the magnitude of biological responses are less understood. Here, by comparing the biophysical in situ observations across the eastern EIO during the decaying period of a positive IOD in 2019 and neutral condition in 2017, we identify that the shoaling thermocline, initiated by reinforced easterly wind, lifts the nutricline into the euphotic layer under positive IOD condition. Coincidently, the strong turbulent mixing induced by the shear instability between the opposite‐flowing surface current and subsurface Equatorial Undercurrent increases the upward turbulent nutrient flux into the euphotic zone. Their combined effect triggers a vigorous subsurface biological response over the eastern EIO, with approximately twofold higher integrated chlorophyll‐a contents in the water column during a positive IOD than under neutral condition.
Significantly Increased Lightning Activity Over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Relation to Thunderstorm Genesis
Authors: Qie Xiushu , Qie Kai , Wei Lei , Zhu Kexin , Sun Zhuling , Yuan Shanfeng , Jiang Rubin , Zhang Hongbo , Xu Chen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnder the context of global warming, we identified a significant increase in lightning activity in the last two decades over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the highest plateau on earth, based on two data sets. The largest rise of lightning activity was found over the region with high lightning density represented by the eastern TP at a rate of 0.072 ± 0.069 fl km−2 yr−1 during 1996–2013 from Optical Transient Detector/Lightning Imaging Sensor. World Wide Lightning Location Network data also showed a remarkable increase in lightning strokes during 2010–2019 in the maximum lightning density region, while the change was insignificant in the low lightning density region. Further investigations revealed that most of the TP region experienced a significant increase in thunderstorm frequency, which was responsible for the increase in lightning activity, rather than an increase in thunderstorm intensity. Increased lightning activity implies a potential risk to human beings and the fragile ecosystem over the TP in a warmer climate.