bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Manifestations of Constriction Band Syndrome
Authors: Demetri Leah R.F. , Starcevich Anne G. , Manske Mary Claire B. , James Michelle A. 
Published: July 2022

Background:Constriction band syndrome (CBS) is a congenital limb anomaly with varying presentation. We sought to characterize the clinical manifestations of CBS by analyzing a large cohort of patients. Our secondary aim was to evaluate potential risk factors for CBS.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records for all patients with CBS who had presented to our tertiary medical center between 1998 and 2018. Examination by a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon and the presence of pathognomonic features were inclusion criteria. Clinical notes, photographs, and radiographs were reviewed to determine the pattern of limb involvement and associated conditions. Demographic data were compared with population averages to assess for possible risk factors.Results:One hundred and twenty-eight children were included. The most prevalent feature was constriction bands (96%), followed by limb or digit amputations (88%) and syndactyly/acrosyndactyly (69%). Children without constriction bands presented with either acrosyndactyly or growth of an osseous spike from a congenital diaphyseal limb or digit amputation. There was a strong predilection for involvement of central digits of the hands and feet, with sparing of the thumb/great toe and small finger/toe. The average number of involved limbs per child was 2.6; 23% of the children had involvement of only 1 limb. Children with at least 1 additional diagnosis had more limbs affected by CBS than those who were otherwise healthy (2 limbs [interquartile range (IQR), 1-3 limbs] versus 3 limbs [IQR, 2-4 limbs]; p = 0.006), suggesting a more severe phenotype. Children with more limbs involved underwent more surgical procedures (p < 0.001). CBS was associated with gestational trauma, prematurity, low birth weight, young and old maternal age, and higher social deprivation.Conclusions:Children with CBS can be categorized as having either mild or extensive involvement based on the number of involved limbs and associated conditions. Future investigation of prenatal risk factors is necessary to further elucidate the etiology of this heterogenous condition.Level of Evidence:PrognosticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Identification of spatially variable genes with graph cuts
Authors: Zhang Ke , Feng Wanwan , Wang Peng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Single-cell gene expression data with positional information is critical to dissect mechanisms and architectures of multicellular organisms, but the potential is limited by the scalability of current data analysis strategies. Here, we present scGCO, a method based on fast optimization of hidden Markov Random Fields with graph cuts to identify spatially variable genes. Comparing to existing methods, scGCO delivers a superior performance with lower false positive rate and improved specificity, while demonstrates a more robust performance in the presence of noises. Critically, scGCO scales near linearly with inputs and demonstrates orders of magnitude better running time and memory requirement than existing methods, and could represent a valuable solution when spatial transcriptomics data grows into millions of data points and beyond.
Evaluating Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Tool for Lymphatic Filariasis Surveillance in Samoa, 2018-2019
Authors: McPherson Brady , Mayfield Helen J. , McLure Angus , Gass Katherine , Naseri Take , Thomsen Robert , Williams Steven A. , Pilotte Nils , Kearns Therese , Graves Patricia M. , Lau Colleen L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Molecular xenomonitoring (MX), the detection of filarial DNA in mosquitoes using molecular methods (PCR), is a potentially useful surveillance strategy for lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programs. Delay in filarial antigen (Ag) clearance post-treatment is a limitation of using human surveys to provide an early indicator of the impact of mass drug administration (MDA), and MX may be more useful in this setting. We compared prevalence of infected mosquitoes pre- and post-MDA (2018 and 2019) in 35 primary sampling units (PSUs) in Samoa, and investigated associations between presence of PCR-positive mosquitoes and Ag-positive humans. We observed a statistically significant decline in mosquito infection prevalence post-MDA at the National Level (from 0.9% to 0.3%, OR 0.4) but no change in human Ag prevalence during this time. Antigen prevalence was higher in randomly selected PSUs where PCR-positive pools were detected (1.4% in ages 5-9; 4.8% in ages ³10), compared to those where PCR-positive pools were not detected (0.2% in ages 5-9; 3.2% in ages ³10). Presence of PCR-positive pools of ‘all species’ was most sensitive (78.6%) for detecting villages with Ag-positive humans, while Ae. polynesiensis provided the highest positive predictive value (81.8%). Our study provides promising evidence for MX as a complement to human surveys in post-MDA surveillance.
Exploring sustainable care pathways.
Authors: Vasset Frøydis , Sather Eva Walderhaug , Svindseth Marit , Iversen Valentina Cabral , Crawford Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with mental health problems experience numerous transitions into and out of hospital.
Aim
The review studies assessing clinical care pathways between psychiatric hospitalization and community health services.
Methods
We used publications between 2009–2020 to allow a broad scoping review of the published research. Sixteen review-articles were identified, 12 primary studies were chosen, both on care pathways in the transition between psychiatric hospital and community.
Results
Organizational issues: Systems and procedures to ensure clear responsibilities and transparency at each stage of the pathways of care. Resources: Information-technology in objectively improving patient outcome. Information/documentation: Providing patients with adequate structured information and documented plans at the appropriate time. Patient/families: Continuous collaborative decision-making. Clinical care and teamwork: Collaboration between mental health and other professionals to guarantee that planned activities meet patient need. Ethical issues: Respectful communication and patient-centred, non-humiliating care.
Conclusions
System and procedures ensure clear responsibilities and transparency. Information technology support decision-making and referral and objectively improve patient outcomes in care pathways. Collaboration between mental health and other professionals guarantee that planned activities meet patients’ needs along with regular meetings sharing key information. Around-the-clock ambulant-teams important to transition success. Informed-shared decision-making between parties, support patient participation and respectful communication.
Biomedical consequences of elevated cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins
Authors: Schmidt Amand , Joshi Roshni , Kivimaki Mika , Hughes Alun , Lawlor Deborah , Price Jackie , Maranon Maria , Gaunt Tom , Charoen Pimphen , Wong Andrew , Chaturvedi Nish , Wannamethee Goya , Bis Joshua , Franceschini Nora , Giambartolomei Claudia , Hingorani Aroon , Finan Chris , Drenos Fotios 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the biomedical effects of circulating concentrations of cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Methods and Results Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure the cholesterol content of high density (HDL-C), very low-density (VLDL-C), intermediate-density (IDL-C), and low-density (LDL-C) lipoprotein fractions; apolipoproteins Apo-A1 and Apo-B; as well as total triglycerides (TG), remnant-cholesterol (Rem-chol) and total cholesterol (TC). The causal effects of these exposures were assessed against 33 cardiovascular as well as non-cardiovascular outcomes using two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR). We observed that most cholesterol containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins affected coronary heart disease (CHD), cIMT, carotid plaque, CRP and blood pressure. Through multivariable MR we showed that many of these exposures acted independently of the more commonly measured blood lipids: HDL-C, LDL-C and TG. We furthermore found that HF risk was increased by higher concentrations of TG, VLDL-C, Rem-Chol and Apo-B, often independently of LDL-C, HDL-C or TG. Finally, a smaller subset of these exposures could be robustly mapped to non-CVD traits such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD: HDL-C, LDL-C, IDL-C, Apo-B), type 2 diabetes (T2DM: VLDL-C, IDL-C, LDL-C), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: LDL-C, IDL-C). Conclusion The cholesterol content of a wide range of lipoprotein and apolipoproteins affected measures of atherosclerosis and CHD, implicating subfractions beyond LDL-C. Novel findings include cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins affecting HF, blood pressure, CRP, AD and IBD. Many of the observed effects acted independently of LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG, supporting additional non-LDL-C avenues to disease prevention.
Bursting types and bifurcation analysis of the temperature-sensitive Purkinje neuron
Authors: Xing Miaomiao , Yang Zhuoqin , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The bursting discharge behaviour of neurons is affected by many factors, among which temperature is one of the more important factors. In this work, we investigated the bursting discharge behaviour and dynamics process of two different temperature-sensitive ion channels, the temperature-sensitive potassium current and the temperature-sensitive calcium current. In the case of the temperature-sensitive potassium current, the bursting discharge waveforms, codimension-1 bifurcations and trajectory plots at different temperatures indicate that five different types of bursting discharge (Hopf/Flip, Hopf/Homoclinic, Fold/Homoclinic, Fold/Fold Cycle, Circle/Big Homoclinic) appear with increasing temperature. In the case of temperature-sensitive calcium current, two distinct types of bursting discharge (Circle/Big Homoclinic, Fold/Fold Cycle) emerged. According to the bursting discharge waveforms, the rise in temperature will promote the generation of bursting discharge at the beginning, and finally, the bursting discharge phenomenon disappears. This is consistent with the experimental results that blocking potassium and calcium currents can promote the bursting of Purkinje neurons. Then, it can be seen from the codimension-2 bifurcation and the waveform area distribution diagrams that even if the dynamic paths are consistent, the bursting discharge types and the waveforms may be different. In contrast, even if the bursting discharge type is the same, the dynamic paths and the waveform may be different. These results provide insight into the effect of temperature on the neuronal dynamics and bursting behaviour of temperature-sensitive ion channels.
Prognostic analysis of one-stage radical resection of interruption of aortic arch combined with ventricular septal defect in infants
Authors: Song Hailong , Cao Lijing , Zhang Huijun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: To analyze the risk factors of death and aortic stenosis (AS) in infants with interruption of aortic arch (IAA) combined with ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 152 children with IAA combined with VSD who were admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to January 2022, including 85 cases of type A, 57 cases of type B and 10 cases of type C, and who had undergone one-stage radical surgery. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of death and AS after one-stage radical resection. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze postoperative overall survival rate, and R software was used to draw survival curve. Results: Of all patients, 22 cases (14.47%) died after surgery, and 27 cases (17.76%) experienced AS. The 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year, and 5-year survival rates were 94.06%, 94.06%, 90.10%, 88.12%, 86.80%, 86.14%, 86.14% and 85.48%, respectively.Low body weight (P=0.004), large ratio of VSD diameter/diameter of aortic root (VSD/AO) (P=0.008), long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (P=0.002), long hypothermic circulatory arrest (P=0.036), the period of surgery (from January 2006 to December 2013) (P= 0.038), and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (P=0.000) were related risk factors for postoperative mortality. Of these, low body weight ( P = 0.004 ), large ratio of VSD/AO ( P = 0.044 ), long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (P = 0.044), and combined LVOT (P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for postoperative mortality. The time of surgery (from January 2006 to December 2013) (P=0.046), and the addition of anastomosis with autologous pericardium to the anterior aortic wall (P=0.015) were associated risk factors for postoperative AS, and the latter (P=0.021) was the independent risk factor for postoperative AS. Conclusions: The mortality and AS rate are still high in infants with IAA and VSD after one-stage radical surgery. Patients with low body weight, large ratio of VSD/AO, long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, LVOT and anastomosis with autologous pericardium to the anterior aortic wall have poor prognosis.
Influence of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines during Pathogenesis Atherosclerosis: A Dynamical Approach
Authors: Adak Asish , Devi Arpita , Gupta Praveen Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The role of anti-cytokines in atherosclerosis is to reduce the inflammation in the intima. In some situations, certain anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-beta and IL-6 have shown the characteristics like a pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are showing different nature. In this study, a dynamical atherosclerosis model is proposed in the form of reaction-diffusion equation with consideration of immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The existence and uniqueness is discussed for reaction dynamical system. The three equilibrium points, non-inflammatory, chronic and coexistence, and their local stability are also determined for the model. Bellman and Cooke’s theorem is applied to illustrate the global stability at the coexistence equilibrium point. The effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have discussed. The analytical and numerical studies evidently indicate that inflammation behaves differently when a certain amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines will behave like pro-inflammatory cytokines. The numerical simulations are demonstrated for different impact of reduction rate of macrophages due to presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition time, and the portion of anti-inflammatory cytokines behaving like pro-inflammatory cytokines through graphically.
Developing NWO Navigate: An App for Navigating Stroke Care
Authors: Hassan Ayman , Belamri Rachid , Diner Trina , Cristofaro Keli , Dillistone Lucas , Khallouki Hajar , Ahghari Mahvareh , Littlefield Shalyn , Siddiqui Rabail , MacDonald Russell , Savage David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundA coordinated system of care is essential to provide timely access to treatment for patients who present with a suspected acute stroke. In Northwestern Ontario (NWO), Canada, resources are limited and healthcare providers often must transfer stroke patients to different hospital locations to access to care within recommended timeframes. However, healthcare providers, who are often situated temporarily in NWO or provide care remotely, may lack sufficient information about which transfer route would be the most efficient and appropriate for the circumstance. Suboptimal decision-making may lead to multiple transfers before reaching definitive stroke care, resulting in poor outcomes and additional cost to the patient and the healthcare system. To address these issues, a comprehensive geomapping navigation and estimation application “NWO Navigate” was developed to improve timely access to definitive care. NWO Navigate uses a database to store and retrieve information about stroke services, historical emergency services data, Google Maps API, and OpenWeatherMap APIs to determine routing to definitive care facility.ResultsThe approach involved a retrospective simulation study for development of a geomapping system. Historical data from land and air emergency medical services of previous patient transportation times between hospital locations was collected and processed. This data was used to develop a prediction model using machine learning methods and incorporated into a mobile application. The aim of the application is to aid healthcare providers by presenting the best possible transfer options for a stroke patient based on the circumstances such as last time the patient was known to be well, patient location, treatment options, imaging availability.ConclusionThe obtained experimental results demonstrate that the proposed application has the potential to be a significant tool for healthcare providers navigating stroke care in NWO, impacting patient care and outcomes. The next step for the application is to undergo usability testing with the end-users to ensure the tool provides the assistance needed when caring for a stroke patient.
FPGA Implementation of an Efficient Phase Shift Beamformer for Narrow Band Sub-GHz Applications
Authors: Jeyakumar P , Dhamodaran M , Thanapal P , Navaneethan C , Meenatchi S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Beams are formed by multi-element arrays. These beams are focused on the direction of arriving signals, with an intention of maximizing the received signal power. The signals with noise and interference arrived from a distinct direction will be estimated by ULA (Uniform Linear Array) with 10 antenna elements. An emerging signal will be phase-shifted with the help of phase shift beamformer. The vector angle is computed from the signal cluster by using Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm. This algorithm can be employed in the view of finding phase shift and frequency offset. As Beamformer assumes the incoming signal as narrow banded, a phase shift can approximate the required delay and perpetuates the incoming signal strength. The beamformer is implemented in Xilinx Vivado for simulation and synthesized using both Virtex-7 and Spartan-7 FPGA devices and their results are compared. From the obtained results, it is evident that the proposed design is formidable pertaining to power and delay. This design can operate at 100MHZ with total on-chip power consumption of 725mW.
Probing CO2 emission in Chengdu based on STRIPAT model and Tapio decoupling
Authors: yang fengmei , Shi Longyu , Gao Lijie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Climate change has triggered a series of environmental disasters and has become the focus of global attention. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the prominent contributor of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and the major driver of global warming. Conducting CO2 emission projections and identifying the decoupling relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth are significant guidelines for assessing carbon reduction measures and green economic development. Chengdu has excellent potential carbon peak in advance and joined the China’s Alliance of Pioneer Peaking Cities (APPC) in 2015. This study accounts for the CO2 emission of Chengdu from 2009 to 2020 in terms of energy activities, industrial processes, agriculture and animal husbandry, land use change and forestry, and waste disposal, then it follows the STIRPAT model to project CO2 emission for the four scenarios from 2021-2035 and uses the Tapio decoupling model to analyze the CO2 emission and economic growth decoupling status. The results show that: 1. The increase in energy consumption is the leading cause of the growth of CO2 emission in Chengdu. 2. The carbon peak time of Chengdu occurs in 2025, and the business as usual scenario can be regarded as the most appropriate development scenario, under which Chengdu achieves carbon peak in line with its current development plan. 3. Energy intensity and GDP per capita are the two main influencing factors of Chengdu’s CO2 emission. 4. During the outlook period, Chengdu's CO2 emission and economic growth will change from weak decoupling to strong decoupling, reaching an ideal state. The results are of great reference value for evaluating the implementation effect of the APPC.
Cross-cultural adaptation of AD-8 into Amharic for operationalizing the detection of cognitive impairment in a primary care setting of Ethiopia
Authors: Gugssa Seid Ali , Zenebe Yared , Seeger Susanne , Comeau Dawn , Derbew Miliard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cross-Cultural adaptation of a cognitive screening instrument requires careful planning and its implementation is complex, expensive and time consuming. This study aims to cross culturally adapt AD8 using the WHO translation and adaptation process guidelines in preparation for the development of a mobile health based dementia screening app at the primary care center of Ethiopia.
Methods
The panel discussed forward and backward translated AD8 instrument items alongside with the original English version of AD8 and Lawshe’s CVR critical value to adapt them to the interim final and the reconciled Amharic versions of AD8 respectively. The reconciled Amharic version was pilot tested, a cognitive interview was conducted, and the results were analyzed and a summary report was generated to adapt it to the final Amharic version of AD8.
Results
The Lawshe’s CVR value was less than the expected CVR critical value (0.75) for all of the forward translated items of AD8 except for the ‘Question items # 3 &7’. The panel substituted words and/or phrases in the title, instructions and ‘Question items # 1 & 6’; and added ‘Radio’ to the Question item # 4. The Lawshe’s CVR value (1.0) was greater than the expected CVR critical value (0.75) for all of the backward translated instrument items of AD8. The internal reliability of the reconciled Amharic version of AD8 was very good with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.875. Cognitive interview study participants verbalized lived experiences to reason and explain the way the reconciled Amharic version of AD8 question items was understood. The reconciled Amharic version was adapted without any modification as the final Amharic version of AD8.
Conclusion
changes made, reasons for change, and a vote of consensus for each question item of AD8 was documented at every step of deliberations of the panel. The Amharic version of AD8 demonstrated a very good internal reliability with strong item correlation. The Amharic version of AD8 fulfills the perquisite for the development of mobile health based AD8 dementia screening at primary care settings of Ethiopia and aligns with the WHO task-shifting strategy of dementia screening.