bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERRELASI ANTARA PENGAMBILAN RISIKO, BERSAING AGRESIF MENGEJAR PRESTASI, DAN PROAKTIF SERTAPENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KECERDASANENTREPRENEURIAL DAN KEPUASAN KERJA (Studi Pada Perwira Menengah di Markas Besar TNI AL Cilangkap - Jakarta)
Authors: Akhmad Tarmizi  
Published: September 2022

Basically, job satisfaction is an individual thing. Each individual member of the Indonesian National Army - Navy will have a level of satisfaction varies according to the value system that applies to him. This study aimed to analyze how the mutual relationship between risk taking, compete aggressively pursue achievement, and a proactive attitude and how they affect entrepreneurial intelligence and job satisfaction of the middle-Navy officer (rank of Major and Lieutenant-Colonel) in the environment MABESAL Cilangkap - Jakarta. Sampling was addressed to 150 people Major and Lieutenant-Colonel of 100 people (men) from the existing amount. Of the 5 main variables of the study (risk taking, compete aggressively pursue achievement, proactive, entrepreneurial intelligence, and job satisfaction) raised 50 manifest variables or observations. The number of valid questionnaires were further processed as many as 250 copies. The data were processed with descriptive analysis, cross tabulation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of the structural model , are summarized end with the test of the hypothesis. The results that test the 7th hypothesis proved significantly. Factors of risk taking, compete aggressively pursue achievement, and proactive significantly influence entrepreneureurial intelligence. Factors of risk taking, compete aggressively pursue achievement, and proactive also significantly influence job satisfaction. Entrepreneurial intelligence factors significantly influence job satisfaction. Further discussion of the recommendations for improvement and development potential risk taking, compete aggressively pursue achievement, proactive, entrepreneurial intelligence, and job satisfaction in MABESAL environment.
Indo-Iran Relations: General Analysis
Authors: Agarwal Shyam Mohan , Singh Rajdeep 
Published: September 2022

India and Iran are closely linked at the political level, although the volume of trade and investment has been affected by US sanctions against Iran. During this period Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh visited Iran in 2013 and then Prime Minister Modi visited Iran in 2016. Iranian President Rouhani also visited India in 2019. However, the two-way trade has declined to US$ 2.106 billion in 2020-21 with Indian exports of US$ 1.77 billion and Indian imports of US$ 331 million. Iran invested in the Madras Refinery in 1965. Iran also committed to invest $630 million in Kudremukh Iron and Ore Co Ltd in the mid-seventies. While Iran initially paid US$255 million, the project was later shelved and eventually completed with Indian investments. India, on the other hand, committed an investment of $85 million in the Chabahar port. The level of trade and investment does not reflect the full potential of bilateral relations between India and Iran.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
भारत और ईरान राजनीतिक स्तर पर लगातार जुड़े हुए हैं, हालांकि ईरान के खिलाफ अमेरिकी प्रतिबंधों से व्यापार और निवेश की मात्रा प्रभावित हुई है। इस अवधि में प्रधानमंत्री डॉ. मनमोहन सिंह ने 2013 में ईरान का दौरा किया और उसके बाद 2016 में प्रधानमंत्री मोदी ने ईरान का दौरा किया। ईरानी राष्ट्रपति रूहानी ने भी 2019 में भारत का दौरा किया था। हालांकि, 2020-21 में 1.77 बिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर के भारतीय निर्यात और 331 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर के भारतीय आयात के साथ दोतरफा व्यापार घटकर 2.106 बिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर हो गया है। ईरान ने 1965 में मद्रास रिफाइनरी में निवेश किया था। ईरान ने सत्तर के दशक के मध्य में कुद्रेमुख आयरन एंड ओर कंपनी लिमिटेड में 630 मिलियन डॉलर का निवेश करने की भी प्रतिबद्धता जताई थी। जबकि ईरान ने शुरू में 255 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर का भुगतान किया था, परियोजना को बाद में बंद कर दिया गया था और अंततः भारतीय निवेश के साथ पूरा किया गया था। दूसरी ओर भारत ने चाबहार बंदरगाह में 85 मिलियन डॉलर के निवेश की प्रतिबद्धता जताई। व्यापार और निवेश का स्तर भारत और ईरान के बीच द्विपक्षीय संबंधों की पूरी क्षमता को प्रतिबिंबित नहीं करता है।
Keywords: भारत, ईरान, पश्चिम एशिया, राजनीतिक, रणनीतिक, ऐतिहासिक।
Optimizing the Cold Spray Process
Authors: Dykhuizen R.C. , Neiser R.A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cold spray is a new coating technique that does not involve significant heating of the sprayed material. Thus, it can be used to deposit thermally sensitive materials. Due to the fact that complex processes, such as combustion and ionization of the process gas are avoided, cold spray becomes very amenable to analytical modeling. To deposit with high efficiency, and to yield low porosity and high bond strength coatings, developers of the cold spray process have tried to maximize the impact velocity. Earlier studies have clearly shown that low molecular weight gases, long nozzles, high gas temperatures and pressures yield high impact velocities. Use of smaller particles of low-density materials also can increase the impact velocity. However, there is a limit to the gains that can be obtained with smaller particles due to the deceleration of the particles in the near stagnant region in front of the substrate. This study analytically estimates the optimum particle size in terms of other input values. To investigate the conventional wisdom that a higher impact velocity results in a better coating, a small experimental program was initiated. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the advantages of high impact velocities. These results confirm that the deposition efficiency, bond strength, porosity and surface roughness are all improved as the impact velocity increases. Limited experimental data also demonstrate that some coating properties depend not only on the particle impact velocity but also the particle impact temperature. The bond strength showed a dramatic increase when the particle impact temperature was increased. Small improvements were also observed for the deposition efficiency and the porosity.
Modeling of Particle-Substrate Adhesive Interaction Under the Cold Spray Process
Authors: Papyrin A.N. , Klinkov S.V. , Kosarev V.F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents some results of modelling of the adhesive interaction of solid particles with the substrate at collision parameters characteristic for the Cold Spray process. A simple physical model based on comparison of adhesion energy and energy of elastic deformation generated under the particle impact is suggested. Empirical expressions for energies of adhesion and elastic deformation are obtained. It is shown that there is an optimal range of particle size and velocity providing high deposition efficiency for a given particle material. The results of the modeling are in good qualitative agreement with experimental data.
A Systematic Approach to Material Eligibility for the Cold Spray Process
Authors: Vlcek J. , Gimeno L. , Huber H. , Lugscheider E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper represents an effort to systematize an understanding of the cold spray process and the suitability of material for such a process. The evaluation is based on a brief analysis of the powder particle impact and a literature research concerning shock compression phenomena in matter and related physical effects, such as impact heating and dynamic yielding. The FEM simulations performed permit estimating the maximum impact pressures, the deformation rates and the deformation kinetics during impact. The calculations can be verified experimentally and are supported by the data published. From a brief analysis of the equations of state applied to shock compression, key material parameters are derived and investigated. A parameterization of physical properties and correlation with the crystal types endeavors to provide a ranking of material suitability.
Evaluation of Coatings Produced Via Kinetic and Cold Spray Processes
Authors: Van Steenkiste T. , Smith J.R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An analysis of physical and mechanical properties of coatings produced by kinetic and cold spray processes is presented. Adhesion, hardnesses, porosities, critical velocities and other properties of aluminum and copper coatings from both spray methods will be analyzed and discussed, including SEM and optical micrographs. Similarities and differences between each of the coating methods and their effects on the resulting coatings are presented. A brief history and discussion of the bonding mechanisms for larger particle coatings produced by the kinetic spray method is provided.
Kinetic Spray of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites For Thermal Management Applications
Authors: Morelli Donald T. , Elmoursi Alaa A. , VanSteenkiste Thomas H. , Gorkiewicz Daniel W. , Gillispie Bryan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The kinetic spray method has been used to fabricate aluminum metal matrix composites for thermal management applications. This approach offers a simple means of coating planar surfaces with various types of metal/metal and metal/ceramic composites, the thermal properties of which can be tailored by appropriate control of material and mixing parameters.
Effect of Spray Angle on Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spraying
Authors: Li C.-J. , Li W.-Y. , Wang Y.-Y. , Fukanuma H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A typical feature of cold spray process is that a deposit can be formed without change of the original structure and compositions of spray materials. Only particles which reach the velocity higher than the critical velocity can be deposited on a substrate in cold spraying. When the spray particle impacts on the substrate at an off-normal angle, the normal component of particle impact velocity will change with the approaching angle of spray particle to substrate. In the present study, copper and titanium powders are used to deposit coating using cold spray process at different impact angles with regard to substrate. The deposition characteristics of spray materials are examined. The results show that the impact angle has a significant influence on the deposition characteristics. The relative deposition efficiency changes with the spray angle. It has been found that there is a critical impact angle at certain particle conditions below which no deposition occurs. The relation between spray angle and relative deposition efficiency can be divided into three spray angle ranges: maximum deposition angle range, transient angle range and no deposition angle range. In the transient angle range, the relative deposition efficiency increases with an increase in spray angle from zero at the critical spray angle to 100%. The transient angle range depends on the particle velocity distribution. A model is proposed to explain the relation between the spray angle and the relative deposition efficiency.
Cold Spray Technology: An Industrial Perspective
Authors: Karthikeyan J. , Kay C.M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ASB Industries is involved in taking the cold spray technology from research lab into industrial applications. Cold spray programs include building a human engineered spray system, design and development of nozzles and guns capable of reliable and reproducible operation for long duration spray, process optimization for producing quality coatings at reasonable deposition efficiency and deposition rate values and preparation and characterization of coatings of industrially relevant materials. These research activities have resulted in the development of a patented ‘Advanced Cold Spray System’ with enhanced features and performance characteristics. ASB is involved in a number R&D programs to develop engineered coatings for specific customers, and a few of these applications are in various stages of commercial adaptation.
Production Coating Cost Comparison
Authors: Meyer P. , Rusch W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several attempts have been made in the past to compare the coating costs associated with different processes. These have been based normally on various process related assumptions. The comparisons have typically been biased by the views and objectives of the presenters. A realistic comparison of the process costs needs to be based on the actual production methods and the historical data. This paper presents the comparisons of the Vacuum Plasma process with two versions of the HVOF process. Both small and large part geometries are considered as well as part complexity. The cost data will be presented as an actual cost per part to coat, including both operating costs and amortized capital costs. This method is preferred over the theoretical calculation of the cost per pound of material sprayed. The latter method requires a number of assumptions and does not consider the limitations of production cycles and material handling.
Low-Cost High-Performance Coatings Produced by Internal Plasma Spraying for the Production of High Efficiency Engines
Authors: Barbezat G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the deposition of functional coatings in cylinder bores of automotive engines different thermal spray processes are reviewed. Extensive studies of the process reliability have shown that the internal plasma spraying can be used in the industrial area of the automotive industry. Already today this technology is introduced in Europe and major Japanese companies are in an advanced status of evaluation. This paper describes the main processes used for these engine cylinder coatings and gives some results on typical coating characteristics and friction engine tests. It was shown in engine tests that the friction between piston ring and cylinder wall can be significantly reduced. Further the oil consumption can be significantly reduced and the wear resistance increased. The cost of the developed coating solution can be considered as low for this type of application.
Development of Thermal Spray for Automotive Cylinder Bores
Authors: Cook D. , Zaluzec M. , Kowalsky K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High volume production of a consistent, repeatable coating on the internal diameter of surfaces has been a challenge for engineers for many years. Ford Motor Company and Flame Spray Industries, Inc. have developed a Plasma Transferred Wire Arc (PTWA) process and method of applying a wear resistant thermal spray coating on the internal surfaces of aluminum engine cylinder bores. For this automotive application, many challenges existed, including: achieving coating adhesion capable of passing long term engine durability testing, obtaining optimum materials performance and wear resistance, and developing a low cost thermal spray process that would be capable of high volume manufacturing. A novel fluoride based flux surface preparation technique utilizing a non-hazardous chemical solution was developed. This allows a NiAl bond coat to be applied to a non-roughened aluminum surface, yielding high bond strengths with the consistency necessary for high volume production. Process and materials development produced a cylinder bore coating using inexpensive low carbon steel wire feedstock that resulted in a coating with less than 2% porosity. After completing a detailed materials testing program, it was determined that using low carbon steel wire feedstock with compressed air atomizing gas formed a unique thermal spray coating system consisting of an iron/iron oxide (Fe/FeO) structure that exhibited excellent tribological properties while maintaining compatibility with existing piston ring pack materials. The PTWA thermal spray process was designed to operate in a turnkey environment in excess of 100 hours before requiring maintenance or replacement of consumable components. To fully test this process, Ford completed a production prove out including extensive dynamometer and fleet engine testing. The PTWA process proved to be production capable while producing coated aluminum block engines that accumulated over 3 million miles of fleet vehicle tests with zero coating failures. The test engines also exhibited excellent performance including piston and ring wear, power output, oil consumption, and vehicle emissions.
Influence of Powder Size in Aluminum Oxide Coatings for Use in the Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Gansert Robert V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plasma spraying of aluminum oxide is attracting great interest as a method for depositing economical coatings for use in the semiconductor equipment industry. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the sprayed aluminum oxide coatings are critical to the coating usage in the semiconductor equipment application. The influence of powder size on the coating microstructure and mechanical properties for coatings used in this industry is investigated.
Investigation of the Photocatalytic Efficiencies of Plasma Sprayed TiO2-Fe3O4 Coatings
Authors: Ye F.-X. , Ohmori A. , Li C.-J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Owing to the much concern with global environmental problem, photocatalytic TiO2 coatings were obtained using plasma spraying technique. The influences of the content of Fe3O4 additive to the TiO2 powder on the phase composition, microstructure and photo-absorption of plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings were systematically studied. The photocatalytic efficiency of the sprayed coatings is evaluated through the photo mineralization of acetaldehyde. The UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra of the deposited coatings were obtained by using Shimadzu UV-3100PC scanning spectrophotometer. The results showed that the TiO2-Fe3O4 coatings consist of anatase TiO2, rutile TiO2 and FeTiO3 ilmenite, and Fe2TiO5 pseudobrookite phase appears when the content of Fe3O4 additive is equal to or over 10%. The content of anatase TiO2 in the sprayed coatings decreases from 14.8% to 5.9% with the increasing of Fe3O4 content to 32.6%. It was found that TiO2 coatings can decompose acetaldehyde under the illumination of ultraviolet rays, and the degrading efficiency is improved with an increase in the content of FeTiO3 in the coatings. However, the presence of large amount of Fe2TiO5 compound will substantially lower the photocatalytic efficiency of the sprayed TiO2-Fe3O4 coatings for the unfavorable photo-excited electron-hole transfer process.
Fabrication of TiO2 Photocatalytic Coatings on PET by Thermal Spraying
Authors: Kanazawa T. , Ohmori A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To provide the polyethylene terephtalate (PET) plastic material with photocatalytic property, anatase TiO2 powders were plasma sprayed under various plasma spraying conditions. The effects of spraying parameters and surface morphology of substrates such as PET and PET pre-coated with Cu on the microstructure, phase composition and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coating were systematically studied. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 coating was evaluated by the decomposition test of acetaldehyde gas. From the experimental result, it was found that fabrication of TiO2 coating was possible on PET substrate at arc currents of 200, 300 and 400A. The TiO2 coatings were thicker with increasing arc current. However, the coating was not attained when the plasma spraying was carried out on steel substrate even at a high arc current of 400 A. In case of plasma spraying on PET substrate pre-coated with Cu, the coating was locally formed at the arc current of 200 A. At the current of 300 A, the coating was attained. It was found that all fabricated TiO2 coatings exhibited photocatalytic activity regardless of undercoat materials and spraying parameters from the acetaldehyde decomposition test. Even coatings with thin and locally formed layers also showed the same photocatalytic performance as other thick coatings. From the XRD analysis, the reason for the efficient photocatalytic activity in the coatings was due to the high anatase phase content.
Optimization of Axial Injection Conditions in a Supersonic Induction Plasma Torch: Application to SOFCs
Authors: Renouard-Vallet G. , Gitzhofer F. , Boulos M. , Fauchais P. , Vardelle M. , Bianchi L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is the optimization of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) particle injection in a supersonic induction plasma torch to improve the reproducibility of this plasma deposition process. Indeed, the optimization is necessary to eradicate clogging in the supersonic nozzle due to the constriction of the nozzle. Investigations of the relationships between the parameters of particle’injection and the in-flight properties of the particles are carried out using an ANOVA experiment design. The in-flight particle properties were determined using two commercial systems, the DPV 2000 associated with the CPS 2000 (temperature, velocity and diameter of in-flight cold particles) and the Control Vision system (divergence of plasma jet imagery). First results have shown the necessity of a new design of the injection probe; development that allowed to reach a good reproducibility in terms of particle velocity and molten state.
Advanced Oxide Ceramic Coatings for Applications Demanding High Wear Resistance
Authors: Niemi K. , Rekola S. , Vuoristo P. , Laurila J. , Vippola M. , Mäntylä T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with wear properties of various advanced oxide ceramic coatings deposited by plasma and HVOF spray processes. Several types of ceramic oxide coatings on the base of Al2O3, Cr2O3 and TiO2 are studied in the work. The coatings are characterised by their wear properties in slurry abrasion wear test with fine abrasives (kaolin) and in dry abrasion conditions with coarse abrasives (quartz sand). The surfaces of the wear tested coatings were studied by SEM. The results show that coatings with high homogeneity and minor porosity, especially HVOF sprayed and some plasma sprayed coatings perform extremely well in both of the wear tests used in the study. In the test with hard abrasive and high load, the coatings with lower interlamellar strengths seem to be more prone to wear than coatings with higher homogeneity, e.g. HVOF sprayed oxide ceramic coatings. The results can be explained on basis of type of the coating material and the coating microstructure.
Development and Application of WC-Cr3C2-Ni Coating with High Impact Resistance
Authors: Itsukaichi T. , Osawa S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a new generation of agglomerated and sintered composite (WC, Cr3C2, Ni and Cr) powders for improved impact and wear resistance. The poor impact resistance of conventional WC cermet coatings, such as WC-20%Cr3C2-7%Ni, WC-10%Co-4%Cr and WC-12%Co, has so far hindered their use in new industrial applications. Results of this study indicated that both durability and impact resistance of the deposits, sprayed with these new powders, were significantly improved, and their wear resistance was equal or superior to conventional WC cermet coatings. This was achieved by optimizing both the spray powder chemistry, and also the HVOF spray conditions (for the new powders) to cater to the improved quality requirements for wear, corrosion, and impact resistance. It is expected that the high impact resistance of the new generation powders will open up new markets for the use of HVOF coatings for construction machinery parts such as excavating tools and shovels. For instance, it was found that excavating tools with the coating demonstrated approximately 16 times longer life than conventional tools without the coating. The mechanism for improving the impact resistance of the coating was also investigated in this study.