bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex modifies the association between HIV and coronary artery disease among older adults in Uganda
Authors: Longenecker Chris T. , Bogorodskaya Milana , Margevicius Seunghee , Nazzinda Rashidah , Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , Erem Geoffrey , Nalukwago Sophie , Huaman Moises A. , Ghoshhajra Brian B. , Siedner Mark J. , Juchnowski Steven M. , Zidar David A. , McComsey Grace A. , Kityo Cissy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the epidemiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) in sub‐Saharan Africa, where the majority of people living with HIV (PLHIV) live. We assessed the association of HIV with CAD and explored relationships with monocyte activation in sex‐stratified analyses of older PLHIV and people without HIV (PWOH) in Uganda.MethodsThe Ugandan Study of HIV effects on the Myocardium and Atherosclerosis (mUTIMA) follows 100 PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 100 age‐ and sex‐matched PWOH controls in Kampala, Uganda; all >45 years of age with >1 cardiovascular disease risk factor. At the year 2 exam (2017–2019), 189 participants had available coronary calcium score and 165 had coronary CT angiography (CCTA) for this analysis. A subset of participants (n = 107) had both CCTA and fresh whole blood flow cytometry for monocyte phenotyping.ResultsMedian age was 57.8 years and 63% were females. Overall, 88% had hypertension, 37% had diabetes and 4% were smokers. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was modestly higher for PWOH, but not statistically significant (median 10‐year ASCVD risk 7.2% for PLHIV vs. 8.6% for PWOH, p = 0.09). Median duration of ART was 12.7 years and 86% had suppressed viral load. Despite a high prevalence of risk factors, only 34/165 (21%, 95% CI 15–28%) had any coronary plaque. After adjustment for ASCVD risk score, HIV status was not associated with CAD (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.23–1.30) but was associated with more severe CAD (segment severity score>3) among those with disease (OR 10.9, 95% CI 1.67–70.45). Females had a trend towards higher odds of CAD among PLHIV (OR 4.1, 95% CI 0.4–44.9), but a trend towards lower odds of CAD among PWOH (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.07–1.3; HIV*sex interaction p = 0.019). CAD was positively correlated with classical monocytes (r = 0.3, p = 0.012) and negatively correlated with CX3CR1 expression (r = –0.31, p = 0.011) in PLHIV and negatively correlated with patrolling monocytes (r = –0.36, p = 0.031) and tissue factor expression (r = –0.39, p = 0.017) in PWOH.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HIV may be associated more with severity rather than the presence of CAD in Uganda. Sex differences in the HIV effect suggest that tailored CAD prevention strategies may be required in this setting.
Empowering or managing the locals? Within‐organizational power relations and capacity building of Korean NGOs in Cambodia
Authors: Yang Yunjeong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPartnership is ubiquitous in international development discourse, but it is unclear whether development relationships have become less hierarchical. This study looks beyond the usual North–South inter‐organizational partnerships, to examine within‐organizational dynamics. It examines participation in the context of two South Korean non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in Cambodia. Findings based on qualitative interviews with Korean leaders and local Cambodian managers show shortfalls yet overall improvements in participation, with a shift from a managerialist to a more praxis approach. The study shows that examining within‐organizational power relations provides an important window into the real nature of participation, empowerment and partnership in development cooperation practices.
Factors affecting chiropractor requests for full‐length spinal radiography: A scoping review
Authors: Readford Thomas R. , Hayes Melanie , Reed Warren Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChiropractors often refer their patients for full‐length (three‐ to four‐region) radiographs of the spine as part of their clinical assessment, which are frequently completed by radiographers in medical imaging practices. Overuse of spinal radiography by chiropractors has previously been reported and remains a contentious issue. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the issues surrounding the utilisation of full‐length spinal radiography by chiropractors and examine the alignment of this practice with current evidence. A search of four databases (AMED, EMBASE, MedLine and Scopus) and a hand search of Google was conducted using keywords. Articles were screened against an inclusion/exclusion criterion for relevance. Themes and findings were extracted from eligible articles, and evidence was synthesised using a narrative approach. In total, 25 articles were identified, five major themes were extracted, and subsequent conclusions drawn by authors were charted to identify confluent findings. This review identified a paucity of literature addressing this issue and an underrepresentation of relevant perspectives from radiographers. Several issues surrounding the use of full‐length spinal radiography by chiropractors were identified and examined, including barriers to the adherence of published guidelines for spinal imaging, an absence of a reporting mechanism for the utilisation of spinal radiography in chiropractic and the existence of a spectrum of beliefs amongst chiropractors about the clinical utility and limitations of full‐length spinal radiography. Further investigation is required to further understand the scope of this issue and its impacts for radiation protection and patient safety.
Interannual variability of the thermocline depth in the south‐central Indian Ocean: Respective influences of IOD and ENSO
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Duan Yongliang , Yan Xiaomei , Pang Chongguang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe respective influences of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the thermocline depth (represented by the 20°C isotherm depth, D20) variability in the south‐central Indian Ocean (SCIO) are investigated for the period of 1960–2020. The results show that pronounced interannual variations in D20 mainly occur in the SCIO and display a close relationship with the two tropical climate modes, with positive (negative) phase being associated with SCIO D20 deepening (shoaling). The D20 anomalies (D20A) induced by IOD and ENSO events have the same intensities but present different spatial–temporal features, as demonstrated by partial regression analysis. The IOD‐related D20A occurs during the mature phase of the event and behaves as a local response to anomalous wind stress curl induced by IOD, while the ENSO signature, dominated by the westward‐propagating oceanic Rossby waves, lasts much longer and extends further west.
Assessment of osteoarthritis functional outcomes and intra‐articular injection volume in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model
Authors: Wang Yuyan , Wagner Emma S. , Yu Danqiao , Chen Kevin J. , Keel Taidhgin J. , Pownder Sarah L. , Koff Matthew F. , Cheetham Jonathan , Samaroo Kirk J. , Reesink Heidi L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rat surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model is commonly used to investigate intra‐articular osteoarthritis (OA) therapies, and histological assessment is often the primary outcome measure. However, histological changes do not always correlate well with clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study evaluated functional outcomes in the rat surgical ACLT model and compared intra‐articular injection volumes ranging from 20 to 50 μl. Unilateral ACLT was surgically induced and static weight‐bearing, mechanical allodynia, motor function, and gait were assessed in four groups of male, Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 6 per group). Intra‐articular injections of 20 µl Dulbecco's phosphate‐buffered saline (DPBS), 50 µl DPBS, or 50 µl of synthetic biomimetic boundary lubricant were administered once weekly for 3 weeks postoperatively. Structural changes were evaluated histologically at 20 weeks. Rat cadaver knees were injected with 20, 30, 40, or 50 µl of gadolinium solutions and were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Static weight‐bearing, mechanical allodynia, and gait parameters in ACLT groups revealed differences from baseline and naïve controls for 4 weeks post‐ACLT; however, these differences did not persist beyond 6 weeks. Different intra‐articular DPBS injection volumes did not result in functional or histological changes; however, peri‐articular leakage was documented via MRI following 50, 40, and 30 µl but not 20 µl gadolinium injections. Statement of clinical significance: Differences in functional parameters were predominantly restricted to early, postoperative changes in the rat surgical ACLT model despite evidence of moderate histologic OA at 20 weeks. Injection volumes of 20–30 µl are more appropriate for investigating intra‐articular therapies in the rat knee.
Ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of explosive molecules with multibranched silver nanostructures
Authors: Verma Ashwani Kumar , Soni Ravi Kant 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultibranched silver nanostructures (AgNSts) have attracted much attention as promising candidates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to their unique plasmonic properties. We have chemically synthesized silver nanodendrites (AgNDs) and silver stars (AgSs) and investigated their SERS performance for trace‐level molecule detection. High enhancement factor (EF) ~1010 and attomolar detection limits were obtained with multibranched nanostructure‐based SERS substrates for methylene blue, thiram, and phosmet. The confinement of the local fields at the sharp tips and in the intrabranch and interbranch nanogaps of AgNDs offer highly dense three‐dimensional (3D) SERS “hot spots” and large signal enhancements of ~109. Further, the as‐prepared AgND‐based substrates were utilized for the ultrasensitive identification of explosive molecules 2,4‐DNT, PNBA, and PA with limit‐of‐detection (LOD) down to ~5.3 × 10−16, 2.9 × 10−16, and 3.8 × 10−12 M concentrations, respectively. The spectral modifications and appearance of new SERS peaks in the low wavenumber region indicate the metal–molecule complex formation and confirm the contribution of the chemical enhancement mechanism. The narrow spectral widths of Raman peaks allow the highly selective multiplexed detection of explosive molecules from the two‐component (2‐plex) mixture of dyes with different concentrations. Further, the density functional theory (DFT)‐based Raman spectrum calculations of the molecules exhibit a reasonably good correspondence with the experimental results. Therefore, the molecularly specific and distinguishably sharp Raman features enable the ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of analytes molecules with our AgNSt‐based SERS substrates.
A review on green nanoemulsions for cosmetic applications with special emphasis on microbial surfactants as impending emulsifying agents
Authors: Singh Rishi Devendra , Kapila Shreya , Ganesan Neela Gayathri , Rangarajan Vivek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanoemulsions are being increasingly utilized in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. They have gained special attention in the cosmetic sector owing to their smaller size and higher kinetic stability and their ability to improve the cutaneous penetration of active ingredients. In addition, they reduce transepidermal water loss, which augments the skin's barrier function. In recent years, the increased awareness among consumers about the health‐linked benefits of natural ingredients in cosmetics has urged finding green cosmetic ingredients that are benign to the skin. One of the natural motivations for this quest is finding suitable emulsifier candidates with negligible side effects that are sourced from plants or microbes, which can serve as viable replacements to the erstwhile used synthetic surfactants. Formulating a stable nanoemulsion system for cosmetic application entails a systematic understanding of important attributes of the surfactant candidate such as critical micelle concentration, hydrophilic lipophilic balance, critical packing parameter, and Winsor ratio that are pivotal to the overall performance of the emulsion system. The current review attempts to portray the salient features of nanoemulsion systems in cosmetic formulations, by essentially capturing the important characteristics of the emulsifier that dictate the overall stability of a nanoemulsion system. The recent transition toward the use of green ingredients such as emulsifiers and oils that are dermatologically safe has been delineated, by highlighting their important properties. Furthermore, the progress made so far in the application of microbial biosurfactants in nanoemulsion formulations is presented. Finally, the factors that dictate the overall stability of the nanoemulsion are briefly reviewed.
Defining the role of systemic therapy in resectable pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
Authors: Burchard Paul R. , Chacon Alexander C. , Melucci Alexa , Casabianca Anthony S. , Goyal Subir , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Maithel Shishir K. , Kooby David A. , Carpizo Darren R. , Shah Mihir M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionFollowing resection of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) distant recurrence remains high. We utilized the national cancer database (NCDB) to evaluate the role of systemic therapy in early‐stage resected PACC.MethodsWe queried the NCDB registry from 2004 to 2015 for patients with pathologic stage I‐IIB PACC. For each stage, patients who underwent surgery alone (SA) were compared to patients who received systemic and/or radiation therapy in addition to surgery (surgery + therapy [S + T]).ResultsA total of 271 patients (101 pI, 81 pIIA, and 89 pIIB) were analyzed. Of all clinically node positive patients (n = 41), the majority (n = 32, 78%) had node‐positive disease at resection (pIIB). SA was performed in 112 patients (41.3%), whereas 159 (58.7%) patients received S + T. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between S + T and SA with respect to pI or pIIA disease. In pIIB disease, S + T was associated with improved OS compared to SA (34.9 vs. 16.9 months, p = 0.031). Single‐agent chemotherapy was associated with improved OS for pIIB disease when compared to SA (hazard ratio: 0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.16, 0.83).ConclusionIn resectable PACC, the survival benefit of adjuvant therapy is limited to pathologic stage IIB disease. This benefit is evident even in patients treated with single‐agent chemotherapy.
Combined field and clinical methods clarify mortality causes and survival patterns of Pacific martens
Authors: Martin Marie E. , Delheimer Matthew S. , Gabriel Mourad W. , Wengert Greta M. , Moriarty Katie M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantifying the demography of wildlife populations is imperative to evaluating population trends. Understanding patterns of influential demographic parameters often requires investigation of mechanisms influencing demography, which can be difficult to determine for cryptic species. We radio‐tracked Pacific martens (Martes caurina), a small‐bodied and elusive mesocarnivore, to estimate survival, determine causes of mortality, and assess co‐occurring pathological conditions. We tracked 18 female and 33 male martens for an average (±SD, range) of 16.35 months (±8.7, 1–41) from 2009–2013 and 2015–2017 in northern California. Annual survival rates were 0.81 (95% CI = 0.66–0.95) and 0.68 (95% CI = 0.57–0.79) for female and male martens, respectively. We documented 16 marten mortalities, 13 of which were suspected predation events. Seven mortalities were empirically linked to predation via clinical forensic evidence, with bobcats (Lynx rufus; n = 5) representing the majority of predator species identified. The proximate cause of mortality for 1 marten was attributed to toxicosis from anticoagulant rodenticide exposure, which has not been previously reported in free‐ranging martens. Our findings suggest the timing of marten mortality aligned with reproductive periods that incurred increased energetic requirements, which may result in increased predation risk. We propose continued pairing of field and clinical assessments to better substantiate mortality sources of wildlife, elucidate underlying pathology, and identify novel stressors.
Effects of willow nutrition and morphology on calving success of moose
Authors: Hayes Forest P. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Bergman Eric J. , Callaway Ragan M. , Bishop Chad J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcross much of North America, populations of moose (Alces alces) are declining because of disease, predation, climate change, and anthropogenic‐driven habitat loss. Contrary to this trend, populations of moose in Colorado, USA, have continued to grow. Studying successful (i.e., persistent or growing) populations of moose can facilitate continued conservation by identifying habitat features critical to persistence of moose. We hypothesized that moose using habitat with higher quality willow (Salix spp.) would have a higher probability of having a calf‐at‐heel (i.e., calving success). We evaluated moose calving success using repeated ground observations of collared individuals with calves in an occupancy model framework to account for detection probability. We then evaluated the impact of willow habitat quality and nutrition on moose calving success by studying 2 spatially segregated populations of moose in Colorado. Last, we evaluated correlations between willow characteristics (browse intensity, height, cover, leaf length, and species) and willow nutrition (dry matter digestibility [DMD]) to assess the utility of using those characteristics to assess willow nutrition. We found willow height and cover had a high probability of being positively associated with higher individual‐level calving success. Willow DMD, browse intensity, and leaf length were not predictive of individual moose calving success; however, the site with higher mean DMD consistently had higher mean estimates of calving success for the same year. Our results suggest surveying DMD is likely not a useful metric for assessing differences in calving success of individual moose but may be of use at population levels. Further, the assessment of willow morphology and density may be used to identify areas that support higher levels of moose calving success.
Non‐Squamous Cell Malignancies of the Larynx
Authors: Rotsides Janine M. , Patel Evan , Oliver Jamie R. , Moses Lindsey E. , Jacobson Adam S. , Hu Kenneth S. , Vaezi Alec , Tam Moses , Givi Babak 
Published: January 2022

Objectives/HypothesisNon‐squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) malignancies are rare, but well described laryngeal pathologies. However, the epidemiology and clinical behavior of these tumors is not well studied.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients diagnosed with non‐squamous cell larynx cancer from 2004 to 2017 in the National Cancer Database were selected. Demographic, clinicopathologic factors, treatments, and survival were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable cox regression were performed. Survival was compared with a propensity score‐matched (PSM) population of laryngeal SCC patients.ResultsA total of 136,235 cases of larynx cancer were identified. After excluding SCC variants, 2,172 (1.6%) patients met inclusion criteria. The most common histology was chondrosarcoma (374, 17.2%), followed by small cell (345, 15.9%), and spindle cell carcinoma (268, 12.3%). The most common treatment was surgery (683, 31.4%) followed by chemoradiation (409, 18.8%) and surgery and adjuvant radiation (288, 13.3%). Overall, 3‐ and 5‐year survival was 67.9% and 59.4%, respectively. In multivariate analysis controlling for age, stage, comorbidity, histology, and treatment modality; chondrosarcoma had the best survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.11, confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.19, P < .001). In a PSM population, matched for age, stage, comorbidity, and treatments; non‐SCC patients had significantly lower survival (51.5% vs. 59.9%, P < .001).ConclusionA diverse range of non‐squamous cell malignancies occur in the larynx. In general, these tumors have poor survival, with few exceptions such as chondrosarcoma. While the majority of these histologies undergo surgical‐based treatments in other sites, only 53% of patients underwent surgical‐based treatment in the larynx. These data could guide clinicians in determining the outcome of treatment in these patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1771–1777, 2022
Root exudates with low C/N ratios accelerate CO2 emissions from paddy soil
Authors: Cai Guan , Shahbaz Muhammad , Ge Tida , Hu Yajun , Li Baozhen , Yuan Hongzhao , Wang Yi , Liu Yuhuai , Liu Qiong , Shibistova Olga , Sauheitl Leopold , Wu Jinshui , Guggenberger Georg , Zhu Zhenke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRoot exudates can significantly modify microbial activity and soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. However, how root exudates and their C/N stoichiometric ratios control rice field (paddy) soil C mineralization is poorly understood. This study used a mixture of glucose, oxalic acid, and alanine as root exudate mimics for three C/N stoichiometric ratios (CN6, CN10, and CN80) to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in SOM mineralization. The input of root exudates enhanced CO2 emissions by 1.8–2.3‐fold that of soil with only C additions (C‐only). Artificial root exudates with low C/N ratios (CN6 and CN10) increased the metabolic quotient (qCO2) by 12% over those with higher stoichiometric ratios (CN80 and C‐only), suggesting a relatively high energy demand for microorganisms to acquire organic N from SOM by increasing N‐hydrolase production. The increase of stoichiometric ratios of C‐ to N‐hydrolase [β‐1,4‐glucosidase to β‐1,4‐N‐acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG)] promoted SOM degradation compared to those involved in organic C‐ and N‐degradation, which had a significant positive correlation with qCO2. The stoichiometric ratios of microbial biomass were positively correlated with C use efficiency, indicating root exudates with higher C/N ratios provide an undersupply of N for microorganisms that trigger the release of N‐degrading extracellular enzymes. Our findings showed that the C/N stoichiometry of root exudates controlled SOM mineralization by affecting the specific response of the microbial biomass through the activity of C‐ and N‐releasing extracellular enzymes to adjust the microbial C/N ratio.
Non‐coding RNA and cholesteatoma
Authors: Jovanovic Ivan , Zivkovic Maja , Jesic Snezana , Stankovic Aleksandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveCholesteatoma is a challenging chronic pathology of the middle ear for which pharmacologic therapies have not been developed yet. Cholesteatoma occurrence depends on the interplay between genetic and environmental factors while master regulators orchestrating disease progression are still unknown. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNA) as a new class of regulatory molecules.MethodsWe have comprehensively reviewed all articles investigating ncRNAs, specifically micro RNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNA/circRNA) in cholesteatoma tissue.ResultsCandidate miRNA approaches indicated that miR‐21 and let‐7a are the major miRNAs involved in cholesteatoma growth, migration, proliferation, bone destruction, and apoptosis. Regulatory potential for the same biological processes was also observed for miR‐203a. The NF‐kB/miR‐802/PTEN regulatory network was in relation to observed miR‐21 activity in cholesteatoma as well. High throughput approaches revealed additional ncRNAs implicated in cholesteatoma pathology. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis highlighted lncRNA/circRNA that could be “endogenous sponge” for miR‐21 and let‐7a based on the hypothesis that RNA transcripts can communicate with and regulate each other by using shared miRNA response elements.ConclusionIn this review, we summarize the discoveries and role of ncRNA in major pathways in cholesteatoma and highlight the potential of miRNA‐based therapeutics in the treatment of cholesteatoma.Level of Evidence: NA.