bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tomato cytochrome P450 CYP712G1 catalyses the double oxidation of orobanchol en route to the rhizosphere signalling strigolactone, solanacol
Authors: Wang Yanting , Durairaj Janani , Suárez Duran Hernando G. , van Velzen Robin , Flokova Kristyna , Liao Che‐Yang , Chojnacka Aleksandra , MacFarlane Stuart , Schranz M. Eric , Medema Marnix H. , van Dijk Aalt D. J. , Dong Lemeng , Bouwmeester Harro J. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Strigolactones (SLs) are rhizosphere signalling molecules and phytohormones. The biosynthetic pathway of SLs in tomato has been partially elucidated, but the structural diversity in tomato SLs predicts that additional biosynthetic steps are required. Here, root RNA‐seq data and co‐expression analysis were used for SL biosynthetic gene discovery.

This strategy resulted in a candidate gene list containing several cytochrome P450s. Heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast showed that one of these, CYP712G1, can catalyse the double oxidation of orobanchol, resulting in the formation of three didehydro‐orobanchol (DDH) isomers.

Virus‐induced gene silencing and heterologous expression in yeast showed that one of these DDH isomers is converted to solanacol, one of the most abundant SLs in tomato root exudate. Protein modelling and substrate docking analysis suggest that hydroxy‐orbanchol is the likely intermediate in the conversion from orobanchol to the DDH isomers.

Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the occurrence of CYP712G1 homologues in the Eudicots only, which fits with the reports on DDH isomers in that clade. Protein modelling and orobanchol docking of the putative tobacco CYP712G1 homologue suggest that it can convert orobanchol to similar DDH isomers as tomato.
Circadian and diel regulation of photosynthesis in the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Cuitun‐Coronado David , Rees Hannah , Colmer Joshua , Hall Anthony , de Barros Dantas Luíza L. , Dodd Antony N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCircadian rhythms are 24‐h biological cycles that align metabolism, physiology, and development with daily environmental fluctuations. Photosynthetic processes are governed by the circadian clock in both flowering plants and some cyanobacteria, but it is unclear how extensively this is conserved throughout the green lineage. We investigated the contribution of circadian regulation to aspects of photosynthesis in Marchantia polymorpha, a liverwort that diverged from flowering plants early in the evolution of land plants. First, we identified in M. polymorpha the circadian regulation of photosynthetic biochemistry, measured using two approaches (delayed fluorescence, pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence). Second, we identified that light‐dark cycles synchronize the phase of 24 h cycles of photosynthesis in M. polymorpha, whereas the phases of different thalli desynchronize under free‐running conditions. This might also be due to the masking of the underlying circadian rhythms of photosynthesis by light‐dark cycles. Finally, we used a pharmacological approach to identify that chloroplast translation might be necessary for clock control of light‐harvesting in M. polymorpha. We infer that the circadian regulation of photosynthesis is well‐conserved amongst terrestrial plants.
The AP2/ERF transcription factor LATE FLOWERING SEMI‐DWARF suppresses long‐day‐dependent repression of flowering
Authors: Shim Yejin , Lim Chaemyeong , Seong Gayeong , Choi Yumin , Kang Kiyoon , Paek Nam‐Chon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe vegetative‐to‐reproductive transition requires the complex, coordinated activities of many transcriptional regulators. Rice (Oryza sativa), a facultative short‐day (SD) plant, flowers early under SD (≤10 h light/day) and late under long‐day (LD; ≥14 h light/day) conditions. Here, we demonstrate that rice LATE FLOWERING SEMI‐DWARF (LFS) encodes an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor that promotes flowering under non‐inductive LD conditions. LFS showed diurnal expression peaking at dawn, and transcript levels increased gradually until heading. Mutation of LFS delayed flowering under LD but not SD conditions. Expression of the LD‐specific floral repressor gene LEAFY COTYLEDON2 AND FUSCA3‐LIKE 1 (OsLFL1) was upregulated in lfs knockout mutants, and LFS bound directly to the GCC‐rich motif in the OsLFL1 promoter, repressing OsLFL1 expression. This suggests that increased LFS activity during vegetative growth gradually attenuates OsLFL1 activity. Subsequent increases in Early heading date 1, Heading date 3a, and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 expression result in flowering under non‐inductive LD conditions. LFS did not affect the expression of other OsLFL1 regulators, including OsMADS50, OsMADS56, VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3‐LIKE 2, and GERMINATION DEFECTIVE 1, or interact with them. Our results demonstrate the novel roles of LFS in inducing flowering under natural LD conditions.
Amplifying effects of recurrent drought on the dynamics of tree growth and water use in a subalpine forest
Authors: Oberleitner Florian , Hartmann Henrik , Hasibeder Roland , Huang Jianbei , Losso Adriano , Mayr Stefan , Oberhuber Walter , Wieser Gerhard , Bahn Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite recent advances in our understanding of drought impacts on tree functioning, we lack knowledge about the dynamic responses of mature trees to recurrent drought stress. At a subalpine forest site, we assessed the effects of three years of recurrent experimental summer drought on tree growth and water relations of Larix decidua Mill. and Picea abies (L. Karst.), two common European conifers representative for contrasting water‐use strategies. We combined dendrometer and xylem sap flow measurements with analyses of xylem anatomy and non‐structural carbohydrates and their carbon‐isotope composition. Recurrent drought increased the effects of soil moisture limitation on growth and xylogenesis, and to a lesser extent on xylem sap flow. P. abies showed stronger growth responses to recurrent drought, reduced starch concentrations in branches and increased water‐use efficiency when compared to L. decidua. Despite comparatively larger maximum tree water deficits than in P. abies, xylem formation of L. decidua was less affected by drought, suggesting a stronger capacity of rehydration or lower cambial turgor thresholds for growth. Our study shows that recurrent drought progressively increases impacts on mature trees of both species, which suggests that in a future climate increasing drought frequency could impose strong legacies on carbon and water dynamics of treeline species.
Contribution of copy number variations to the risk of severe eating disorders
Authors: Kushima Itaru , Imaeda Miho , Tanaka Satoshi , Kato Hidekazu , Oya‐Ito Tomoko , Nakatochi Masahiro , Aleksic Branko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: May 2022

AimEating disorders (EDs) are complex, multifactorial psychiatric conditions. Previous studies identified pathogenic copy number variations associated with NDDs (NDD‐CNVs) in ED patients. However, no statistical evidence for an association between NDD‐CNVs and EDs has been demonstrated. Therefore, we examined whether NDD‐CNVs confer risk for EDs.MethodsUsing array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we conducted a high‐resolution CNV analysis of 71 severe female ED patients and 1045 female controls. According to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines, we identified NDD‐CNVs or pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs in NDD‐linked loci. Gene set analysis was performed to examine the involvement of synaptic dysfunction in EDs. Clinical data were retrospectively examined for ED patients with NDD‐CNVs.ResultsOf the samples analyzed with aCGH, 70 severe ED patients (98.6%) and 1036 controls (99.1%) passed our quality control filtering. We obtained 189 and 2539 rare CNVs from patients and controls, respectively. NDD‐CNVs were identified in 10.0% (7/70) of patients and 2.3% (24/1036) of controls. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between NDD‐CNVs and EDs (odds ratio = 4.69, P = 0.0023). NDD‐CNVs in ED patients included 45,X and deletions at KATNAL2, DIP2A, PTPRT, RBFOX1, CNTN4, MACROD2, and FAM92B. Four of these genes were related to synaptic function. In gene set analysis, we observed a nominally significant enrichment of rare exonic CNVs in synaptic signaling in ED patients (odds ratio = 2.55, P = 0.0254).ConclusionOur study provides the first preliminary evidence that NDD‐CNVs may confer risk for severe EDs. The pathophysiology may involve synaptic dysfunction.
Local institutions and public service outsourcing: Managerial professionalism, mayoral strength, and electoral rules
Authors: Wei Wenchi , Zhang Zhiwei , Yang Kaifeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research examines how institutional contexts matter for US municipalities' service outsourcing decisions, deriving data from the ICMA's multiple rounds of surveys concerning local institutions and service delivery choices. We focus on seven pivotal local institutions that address managerial professionalism, mayoral strength, and electoral rules. Moreover, a composite index measuring the general nature of the municipal structure on a political–administrative scale is constructed based on the local institutions examined. The empirical estimations use the existence of initiatives and popular referenda allowing citizen voters to adjust local statutes as instrumental variables for local institutions. We find that municipalities with a council‐manager municipal form, a professional manager, a weak mayor, and nonpartisan and at‐large elections of council members outsource less services. Professional managers can moderate the effects of contextual factors on government outsourcing decisions. Moreover, municipalities with a more political or a less administrative municipal structure outsource a larger portion of services.
The impacts of a combined exercise on executive function in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liang Xiao , Qiu Hui , Wang Peng , Sit Cindy H. P. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic and neurocognitive exercise with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity levels on executive functions (EFs) and sleep quality in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsIn a parallel two‐group randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, 80 children with ADHD aged 6–12 years (Mage = 8.46 ± 1.50) were assigned to either a 12‐week combined aerobic‐and neurocognitive‐exercise experimental group (EG; three sessions per week for 60‐min) or a wait‐list control group (CG). Forty children with typical development aged 6–12 years (Mage = 8.49 ± 1.51) were recruited as healthy controls (HC). A Polar heart rate (HR) monitor was used to track the exercise intensity (60%–80% predicted HRmax) throughout the intervention. Three core EFs (inhibitory control [IC], working memory [WM], and cognitive flexibility [CF]) were assessed by computer‐based neurocognitive tasks, and sleep quality and physical activity (PA) levels were assessed by self‐report questionnaires.ResultsThe results showed that the exercise intervention was beneficial for improving three core EFs, shortening sleep latency and decreasing sleep disturbances. The intervention effects on EFs and sleep quality appeared to be sustained for at least 12 weeks in EG. In addition, children with ADHD after intervention showed non‐significant differences in IC, CF and multiple sleep quality outcomes compared with HC. Furthermore, a significant PA‐EFs‐sleep correlation was found in children with ADHD after the intervention.ConclusionThe findings suggest that a 12‐week combined aerobic and neurocognitive exercise intervention appears to be an effective treatment program for EFs and sleep quality in children with ADHD.
Detached structural model of the Keweenaw fault system, Lake Superior region, North America: Implications for its origin and relationship to the Midcontinent Rift System
Authors: DeGraff James M. , Carter Brad T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Keweenaw fault system along Lake Superior’s south shore in Michigan, USA is one of the most significant fault systems associated with North America’s Midcontinent Rift System. Reverse slip has thrust Portage Lake Volcanics (ca. 1.1 Ga) southeastward over Jacobsville Sandstone (ca. 1.0 Ga). Growing consensus in the 1970s about a major rift beneath Lake Superior led to the idea that reverse movement on the Keweenaw fault involved inversion of a rift-bounding normal fault. To test this idea, we integrated bedrock geology maps, subsurface mining data, and geophysical data to build a wellconstrained cross-section from the Minnesota, USA-Ontario, Canada border to central Upper Michigan. The cross-section shows the Keweenaw and Hancock faults to be parts of a reverse, listric system detached deep within the layered volcanic section. Correlation of offshore seismic units with onshore stratigraphic units defines a gradual change in stratal dip from 55° NW near the faults to horizontal near the center of Lake Superior. This stratal geometry implies that onshore listric fault geometry continues offshore and that the fault system soles into a basal detachment at 12–15 km depth. Absence of second-order folds northwest of the peninsula indicates that the fault system does not ramp downward from the basal detachment through the lower crust. The observations and model preclude ideas that the Keweenaw fault was a rift-bounding normal fault inverted by post-rift crustal shortening, or that it formed by upward propagation of a deeper normal fault undergoing inversion. Instead, our results imply that the fault initiated as a detached thrust in relatively brittle upper crust and that shortening of relatively ductile lower crust occurred on other structures.
Machine learning identifying peripheral circulating metabolites associated with intraocular pressure alterations
Authors: Qian Chaoxu , Nusinovici Simon , Thakur Sahil , Soh Zhi Da , Majithia Shivani , Chee Miao Li , Zhong Hua , Tham Yih-Chung , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Hysi Pirro G , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: May 2022

AimsTo identify blood metabolite markers associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) in a population-based cross-sectional study.MethodsThis study was conducted in a multiethnic Asian population (Chinese, n=2805; Indians, n=3045; Malays, n=3041 aged 40–80 years) in Singapore. All subjects underwent standardised systemic and ocular examinations, and biosamples were collected. Selected metabolites (n=228) in either serum or plasma were analysed and quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used for metabolites selection. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between metabolites and IOP in each of the three ethnic groups, followed by a meta-analysis combining the three cohorts.ResultsSix metabolites, including albumin, glucose, lactate, glutamine, ratio of saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids (SFAFA) and cholesterol esters in very large high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were significantly associated with IOP in all three cohorts. Higher levels of albumin (per SD, beta=0.24, p=0.002), lactate (per SD, beta=0.27, p=0.008), glucose (per SD, beta=0.11, p=0.010) and cholesterol esters in very large HDL (per SD, beta=0.47, p=0.006), along with lower levels of glutamine (per SD, beta=0.17, p<0.001) and SFAFA (per SD, beta=0.21, p=0.008) were associated with higher IOP levels.ConclusionWe identify several novel blood metabolites associated with IOP. These findings may provide insight into the physiological and pathological processes underlying IOP control.
Updated upper limit of normal for serum alanine aminotransferase value in Vietnamese population
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi Cam , Karimzadeh Sedighe , Thanh Nguyen Thi , Thuan Tieu Minh , Sabbah Ghada Mohamed , Ismaeil Khaled , An Dang Nguyen Trung , Huong Lai To , Huy Nguyen Tien , Thi Le Hoa Pham 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAlanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a marker of hepatic damage and its range can be affected by viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. We aimed to study the factors associated with higher ALT level and update the upper limit of normal (ULN) in the Vietnamese population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 8383 adults, aged 18 years and older who visited the Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City for a health check-up. Following the exclusion criteria, 6677 subjects were included in the analysis.ResultsAge ≤40 years, male gender, body mass index >23 kg/m2, diastolic blood pressure >85 mm Hg, cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L, triglyceride >1.7 mmol/L, positivity, anti-hepatitis C virus positivity and fatty liver (p<0.05) were associated with higher ALT level (>40 U/L). Without considering age and gender, healthy group is defined after exclusion of participants with one of the mentioned contributing factors. The median ALT level in the healthy group was 18 in men and 13 in women. The ULN at the 95th percentile of the healthy group was 40 U/L in men and 28 U/L in women.ConclusionThe ULN for ALT in healthy women was lower than in healthy men. Updated ULN for ALT level can promote the identification of unhealthy subjects. More studies that involve ethnicity and lifestyle factors are needed to confirm the new ULN in the Vietnamese population.
Are You All right (AYA)? Association of cumulative traumatic events among Danish police officers with mental health, work environment and sickness absenteeism: protocol of a 3-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Hansen Nina Beck , Møller Sara Rosenbeck , Elklit Ask , Brandt Lars , Andersen Lars L , Pihl-Thingvad Jesper 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPolice officers are frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events at work that increases risk of developing mental health problems, in particular post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individual and organisational factors may influence the detrimental effects of cumulative exposure to traumatic events. Occupational stress and lack of organisational support are associated with increased risk of PTSD among police officers. The Are You All right? (AYA) project is a prospective cohort study investigating the cumulative effect of traumatic events at work on mental health problems and absenteeism among police officers. The study also investigates whether potential risk and protective factors modify the association of traumatic events at work with mental health problems and absenteeism.Method and analysisThe AYA-study includes the entire Danish police force. Prospective survey data are collected over a 3-year period beginning in the spring of 2021. Electronic surveys are sent out at baseline with 1-year, 2-year and 3-year follow-up. Further, short surveys are sent out every third month, covering exposure to traumatic events and current mental health status. The survey data are paired with workplace register data on sickness absence. Register data on sickness absence cover the period from 2020 to 2025.Ethics and disseminationThis study was presented for evaluation at the National Ethics Committee in Denmark (reference number: 20202000-216), but according to Danish legislation, survey studies do not require approval by official Danish scientific or ethical committees. Participation in the project is based on informed consent, and data are handled in accordance with the Danish data legislation (journal number: 20/41457). Results are published in scientific journals and disseminated at international conferences.
PHOENIX (Picking up Hidden Osteoporosis Effectively during Normal CT Imaging without additional X-rays): protocol for a randomised, multicentre feasibility study
Authors: Poole Kenneth E S , Chappell Daniel D G , Clark Emma , Fleming Jane , Shepstone Lee , Turmezei Thomas D , Wagner Adam P , Willoughby Karen , Kaptoge Stephen K 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionTwo million out of the UK’s 5 million routine diagnostic CT scans performed each year incorporate the thoracolumbar spine or pelvic region. Up to one-third reveal undiagnosed osteoporosis or vertebral fractures. We developed an intervention, Picking up Hidden Osteoporosis Effectively during Normal CT Imaging without additional X-rays (‘PHOENIX’), to facilitate early detection and management of osteoporosis in people attending hospitals for CT scans.Methods and analysisA multicentre, randomised, pragmatic feasibility study. From the general CT-attending population, women aged ≥65 years and men aged ≥75 years attending for CT scans are invited to participate, via a novel consent form incorporating Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) questions. Those at increased 10-year risk (within the amber or red zones of the UK FRAX graphical outputs for further action) are block randomised (1:1:1) to (1) PHOENIX intervention, (2) active control or (3) usual care. The PHOENIX intervention comprises (i) retrieving the CT scans using the NHS Image Exchange Portal, (ii) Mindways QCT Pro software analysis of CT hip and spine none density with CT vertebral fracture assessment, (iii) sending the participants’ general practitioner (GP) a clinical report including diagnosis, necessary investigations and recommended treatment. Baseline CT scans from groups 2 and 3 are assessed with the PHOENIX intervention only at study end. Assuming 25% attrition, the study is powered to find a predicted superior osteoporosis treatment rate with PHOENIX (20%) vs 16% among patients whose GPs were sent the FRAX questionnaire only (active control) and 5% in the usual care group. Five hospitals are participating to determine feasibility. The co-primary feasibility outcome measures are (a) ability to randomise 375 patients within 10 months and (b) retention of 75% of survivors, completing their 1-year bone health outcome questionnaire. Secondary 1-year outcomes include osteoporosis/vertebral fracture identification rates and osteoporosis treatment rates. Stakeholder acceptability and economic aspects are evaluated.Ethics and disseminationApproved by committee (National Research Ethics Service) East of England (EE) as REF/19/EE/0176. Dissemination will be through the Royal Osteoporosis Society (to patients and public) as well as to clinician peers via national and international bone/rheumatology scientific and clinical meetings.Trial registration numberISRCTN14722819.