bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation in plastic and reconstructive surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Seifman Marc A , Young Abby B , Nestel Debra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Since the origins of surgery, simulation has played an important role in surgical education, particularly in plastic and reconstructive surgery. This has greater relevance in contemporary settings of reduced clinical exposure resulting in limited work-based learning opportunities. With changing surgical curricula, it is prescient to examine the role of simulation in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Methods
A scoping review protocol was used to identify relevant studies, with an iterative process identifying, reviewing and charting the data to derive reported outcomes and themes.
Results
Of the 554 studies identified, 52 studies were included in this review. The themes identified included simulator modalities, curriculum elements targeted and relevant surgical competencies. There was a predominance of synthetically based simulators, targeting technical skills largely associated with microsurgery, paediatric surgery and craniomaxillofacial surgery.
Discussion
Existing simulators largely address high-complexity procedures. There are multiple under-represented areas, including low-complexity procedures and simulation activities addressing communication, collaboration, management and leadership. There are many opportunities for simulation in surgical education, which requires a contextual appreciation of educational theory. Simulation may be used both as a learning method and as an assessment tool.
Conclusion
This review describes the literature relating to simulation in plastic and reconstructive surgery and proposes opportunities for incorporating simulation in a broader sense, in the surgical curriculum.
A New Insight of Phycoremdiation Study: Using Filamentous Algae for the Treatment of Tertiary Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Li Yan , Wood Ethan , Kosa Gergely , Muzamil Bushra , Vogelsang Christian , Holmstad Rune 
Published: April 2022

This book chapter demonstrated that the filamentous algae could be used as a promising phycoremediation approach to purify municipal tertiary wastewater. Initial screening of 25 algae strains across multiple genera revealed that Spirogyra sp. and Klebsormidium sp. were suitable to treat the tertiary effluent from a modern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and their co-culture was validated in three consecutive outdoor pilot tests. In the first two pilot tests, the nutrient concentrations of phosphorous and ammonium were depleted close to zero within 24 hours, whereas the pH value increased from 7 to 9 in the wastewater. Therefore, CO2 was added for pH control in the 3rd batch, but the nutrient removal efficacy indicated that fresh algae inoculum was critical to maintain treatment efficiency. The biomass accumulated notable amounts of Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Al, and heavy metals from the effluent, while the algae production increased by two to three times over 7 days with an average algae biomass productivity of 1.68 g m2 d−1. The derived biomass can be used for biogas production and biofertilizer applications based on the biochemical constituent. Given a great potential for further optimization and improvement, we provide a new insight to use phycoremediation approach to facilitate the green transition of wastewater treatment plants.
A History of the Fenton Reactions (Fenton Chemistry for Beginners)
Authors: Ovalle Rafael 
Published: April 2022

A deceptively simple mixture, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tartaric acid (C4H6O6), and water (H2O), initiated a century-long argument and a convoluted hunt to understand the oxidation mechanism(s) initiated by the combination of these components. Fenton’s discovery rallied a legion of scientists, including two Nobel Winners, to find an explanation for the chemistry discovered when a graduate student mixed a couple of random chemicals, producing a molecule that became purple in strong base. Those investigation uncovered three separate branches of iron/oxygen chemistry, the Hydroxyl Radical [HO•], the Ferryl-Oxo Ion [Fe = O]+2, and the Perferryl-Oxo Ion [Fe = O]+3. Today their uses include chemical modifications [either untargeted and random [HO•] or targeted and selective [Fe = O]+2, [Fe = O]+3 dehydrogenations and/or oxygen additions] to effective and green oxidation and mineralization of persistent organic wastes.
Aptidão, conhecimento e atitude de profissionais da educação infantil sobre primeiros socorros
Authors: Cruz Karine Bianco da , Godas André Gustavo de Lima , Galvão Rayssa Gonçalves , David Thaís Cavichio , Luchesi Bruna Moretti , Martins Tatiana Carvalho Reis 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: analisar a aptidão, o conhecimento e a atitude de profissionais da educação infantil que participaram ou não de capacitação em primeiros socorros. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 132 profissionais da educação infantil do município de Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, por meio de questionário no Google Forms. Aplicaram-se os testes qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher. Resultados: dos 132 profissionais, 67 relataram não ter participado anteriormente de capacitação em primeiros socorros. A maioria sente-se apta a prestar atendimento nas situações de febre, ferimentos e sangramentos. Aqueles que já participaram de capacitação acertaram mais respostas referentes ao conhecimento dos conceitos de febre, convulsão, desmaio, trauma, parada cardiorrespiratória e acidente por animal peçonhento; e referente às atitudes para convulsão, desmaio, engasgo, queda/trauma e parada cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: ter participado de capacitação proporcionou aos profissionais maior conhecimento e assertividade referente à atitude a ser tomada nas situações de emergência.
Agressão verbal contra profissionais de saúde da atenção primária e terciária: estudo de métodos mistos
Authors: Trindade Letícia de Lima , Busnello Grasiele Fatima , Schoeninger Maiara Daís , Bauermann Kaciane Boff , Heinz Marina Klein , Silva Clarissa Bohrer da 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência da agressão verbal e fatores associados ao fenômeno contra trabalhadores de saúde. Método: estudo misto, explanatório sequencial, desenvolvido de 2016 a 2019, com 647 trabalhadores de serviços de saúde das regiões Oeste e Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina. Utilizaram-se o Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Realizaram-se as análises estatística inferencial e temática, respectivamente. Resultados: dos participantes, 307 (47,4%) relataram terem sofrido ao menos um episódio de agressão verbal. Esse evento foi associado à função do trabalhador, ao contato físico com paciente, ao reconhecimento no trabalho e à preocupação com a violência no trabalho. Os depoimentos apontam os impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores e a fragilidade das condutas após os episódios. Conclusão: a agressão verbal é uma violência típica dos serviços públicos de saúde, com vítimas que possuem um perfil comum e instituições com dificuldade de manejo deste problema.
Vivências de mães de bebês prematuros: da gestação aos cuidados no domicílio
Authors: Pilger Carolina Heleonora , Prates Lisie Alende , Escobal Ana Paula de Lima , Velozo Kelly Dayane Stochero , Gomes Natália da Silva , Ziani Jarbas da Silva 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: conhecer as vivências de mães de bebês prematuros da gestação até o domicílio, após a alta hospitalar. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com 16 puérperas em uma Policlínica Infantil, em dezembro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: as vivências da gestação envolveram tanto a ausência como a presença de fatores de risco. No nascimento, observou-se a separação da mãe e do bebê, com poucas orientações sobre as razões da permanência deste na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Na internação, as mães demonstraram desgaste emocional e físico diante das mudanças na rotina. Já no domicílio, elas buscaram a manutenção dos cuidados desenvolvidos no ambiente hospitalar. Conclusão: é fundamental o olhar sensível e atento dos profissionais de saúde quanto às orientações fornecidas à mulher e sua família, permitindo maior compreensão sobre as questões ligadas à prematuridade.
Infecções de sítio cirúrgico: reabordagem cirúrgica e infecção em cirurgias limpas e potencialmente contaminada
Authors: Stefani Larissa , Borges Pollyanna Kássia de Oliveira , Gaspar Maria Dagmar da Rocha 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: verificar a associação entre a ocorrência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) e a necessidade de reabordagem em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias limpas e potencialmente contaminadas. Método: estudo longitudinal, envolvendo 75 pacientes com infecção; a coleta de dados foi em formulário de pesquisa avaliando aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos. A associação foi avaliada pela razão de chances e seus intervalos de confiança (IC95%). Resultados: pacientes internados por causas externas têm chance quatro vezes maior de reabordar cirurgicamente (p=0,011), na especialidade ortopédica a razão foi cinco vezes maior (p=0,003), reinternações, têm 10 vezes mais chances de reabordagem (p=0,000), leucocitose (p=0,002) e alteração no valor de proteína c-reativa (p=0,016) mostraram-se associados à necessidade de realização de nova cirurgia. A cultura positiva (p=0,001) e antibiótico terapêutico (p=0,04) demonstraram-se fatores protetores para a reabordagem. Conclusão: os dados demonstram a presença de ISC como forte influenciador à reabordagem cirúrgica, norteando hospitais com o mesmo perfil.
Força de trabalho de enfermagem: cenário e tendências
Authors: Mendes Mariana , Martins Marisa da Silva , Acordi Indiana , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Brehmer Laura Cavalcanti de Farias , Pires Denise Elvira Pires de 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: refletir sobre o panorama atual e tendências da força de trabalho de enfermagem no Brasil e no mundo. Método: ensaio teórico-reflexivo elaborado com base em dados de relatórios de organizações internacionais e nacionais de saúde e enfermagem, disponíveis em sites oficiais, entre fevereiro e setembro de 2021. Resultados: o cenário atual da força de trabalho da enfermagem aponta para escassez global de profissionais, alertando para um contingente de pessoas que não terá suas necessidades de saúde atendidas. O Brasil dispõe de quantitativo de profissionais de enfermagem semelhante ao dos países desenvolvidos, mas com distribuição desigual e percentual pequeno de enfermeiros na composição da força de trabalho. Conclusão: mesmo com esforços globais para reduzir a escassez da força de trabalho de enfermagem, o cenário permanece crítico. Trata-se de um trabalho fundamental para alcançar saúde para todos, o que requer investimento em número, qualificação e condições de trabalho adequadas.
Mistenksomhetens spiral
Authors: Spigseth Vestad Maja Viktoria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn March and April 2020, at the earliest stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Norwegian government prohibited overnight stays at secondary homes as an early measure to prevent the spread of the virus. Violations of the ban carried penalties of up to 6 months in prison. Popularly dubbed the Cabin Ban, the law catalysed national debate, and violations of the ban generated massive public interest. This article recounts local conflicts sparked by the ban in four Norwegian «cabin municipalities», as described by residents, local politicians and cabin owners. It identifies the notion of autochthony as a central tool in understanding why some chose to breach the ban, why local residents mobilised against cabin owners, and why the conflict escalated to the extent it did.
How beavers affect riverine aquatic macroinvertebrates: a review
Authors: Washko Susan , Willby Nigel , Law Alan 
Published: April 2022

Background
As ecosystem engineers, the construction of dams by beavers alters stream habitat physically and biologically, making them a species of interest for habitat restoration. Beaver-created habitat changes affect a wide range of aquatic invertebrate species. However, despite numerous individual studies of how beavers affect aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages, there has been no evaluation of the consensus of these effects across studies.

Methodology
We collated and examined studies comparing beaver-created ponds to nearby lotic reaches to determine general trends in aquatic macroinvertebrate richness, density, biomass, and functional composition between habitats. From this evidence, we highight knowledge gaps in how beaver activity affects aquatic macroinvertebrates.

Results
Overall, in the majority of studies, aquatic macroinvertebrate richness was higher in nearby lotic reaches compared to beaver-created ponds, but richness at coarser scales (gamma diversity) increased with the addition of beaver ponds due to increased habitat heterogeneity. Functional feeding group (FFG) patterns were highly context-dependent, though predator taxa were generally more abundant in beaver ponds than adjacent lotic reaches. Site-specific geomorphological changes, coupled with dam or riparian zone characteristics and resulting differences in basal food resources likely shape other FFG responses.

Conclusions
We identify a lack of long-term studies at single or multiple sites and conclude that fine-scale approaches may improve our understanding of the dynamics of macroinvertebrates within the freshwater realm and beyond. Due to the context-dependent nature of each study, further systematic studies of beaver engineering effects across a wider variety of environmental conditions and wetland types will also help inform land and species management decisions, such as where to prioritize protection of beaver habitats in the face of a global freshwater biodiversity crisis, or where to restore beaver populations to deliver maximum benefit.
Screening and Evaluation of Maize Genotypes against Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease under Artificial Epiphytotic Conditions
Authors: Yadav Lokesh , Kumar Ashwani , Singh Harbinder , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Pankaj . 
Published: April 2022

Maize is important cereal crop and provides nutrition and basic raw material for various industries. Its production is hampered by various biotic and abiotic factors. Among various pathogens attacking maize, banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp sasakii is a very serious impediment for quality maize production. There is very less availability of resistance sources against this disease. There is a need to develop resistant varieties to overcome the health hazards associated with the excessive use of chemical pesticides. Keeping in view the importance of the disease, the present investigation was carried out at Regional Research Station Uchani, Karnal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and twenty seven hybrids and sixty inbred lines of maize were screened and scored for their disease reaction against banded leaf and sheath blight disease to find out new sources of resistance so that it can boost future maize breeding programmes. Results revealed that seven maize hybrids viz., HM-8, HKI 295×L287, HKI 327T×L287, HKI 1041-2×L287, HKI 1663×193-2, PC-8ER-2×PC SONA, PCMYD-7×PC SONA and only two inbred lines viz., HKI 1128 and HKI 1345 W of maize showed resistant reaction (≤ 33.33% disease severity) against R. solani under artificial inoculation conditions.
OPTIMASI RESOURCE CONSTRAINED PROJECT SCHEDULING PROBLEM MENGGUNAKAN METODE GENETIC ALGORITHM DAN SYMBIOTIC ORGANISMS SEARCH
Authors: Sikomena Evan Filbert , Widyadana I Gede Agus , Prayogo Doddy 
Published: April 2022

Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) merupakan gabungan dari permasalahan sumber daya yang terbatas dan juga permasalahan perencanaan penjadwalan proyek. Penting untuk mengatur atau mengalokasikan sumber daya yang terbatas guna menghasilkan waktu yang optimal. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian lebih mendalam untuk mengetahui metode mana yang baik dalam menyelesaikan RCPSP. Ada lima jenis proyek dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda serta jumlah item pekerjaan yang beragam yang digunakan sebagai study case. Penelitian ini membandingkan Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) dan Genetic Algorithm (GA) untuk melihat mana yang memberikan waktu yang optimal dengan sumber daya yang terbatas. Kelima proyek menggunakan parameter yang sama yaitu populasi 50 dan iterasi 500 kali untuk SOS dan GA. Untuk jenis laptop yang gunakan untuk running program pun sama. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa SOS memberikan waktu yang lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan GA. SOS memberikan solusi lebih baik dari keadaan nyata pada empat dari lima proyek ketika menurunkan 30% sumber daya sedangkan GA hanya memberikan solusi yang lebih baik dari keadaan nyata pada dua dari lima proyek. Dari hasil optimasi, SOS menghasilkan rata-rata penurunan waktu sebanyak 30.35% sedangkan GA menghasilkan rata-rata penurunan waktu sebanyak 25.39%.
Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) is a combination of limited resource problems and project scheduling planning problems. It is important to manage or allocate limited resources in order to produce optimal time. For this reason, more in-depth research was carried out to find out which method was good for completing RCPSP. There are five types of projects with different characteristics and a variety of work items those are used as study cases. This study compares Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to see which one gives the optimal time with limited resources. The five projects used the same parameters, such as population 50 and iterations 500 times for SOS and GA. The type of laptop that is used for running programs is the same. The results of this study concluded that SOS provides a more optimal time than GA. SOS provided better than real life solutions in four out of five projects when reduced 30% of resources whereas GA only provided better than real life solutions in two out of five projects. From the optimization results, SOS produces an average time reduction of 30.35% while GA produces an average time reduction of 25.39%.
Estimation of the Rate of Cloned Gene Integration via Retrotransposition
Authors: Wang Xiaohai , Da Silva Nancy A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA theoretical method has been developed to estimate retrotransposition (integration) rates of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty3 and Ty1 retrotransposons bearing heterologous and homologous genes (neor, HIS3) . The method is based on population growth modeling and Lea and Coulson's maximal likelihood method for mutation rate estimation (Lea and Coulson, 1949) . This method has allowed us to examine directly retrotransposition rates of GAL‐regulated marked Ty3 and Ty1 elements into the whole yeast genome, not just a particular DNA sequence, for the purpose of cloned gene integration. The integration rates of a Ty3‐neor system (ca. 1 × 10−3 cell−1 generation−1) and a Ty1‐neor system (ca. (2–3) × 10−3 cell−1 generation−1) were not significantly affected by temperature (18 and 30 °C) . However, the retrotransposition rate of the Ty3‐neor‐HIS3 system increased from ca. 2 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−4 cell−1 generation−1 when the temperature was decreased from 30 to 18 °C. The retrotransposition rate of Ty3‐neor was significantly higher than that of Ty3‐neor‐HIS3 and slightly lower than that of Ty1‐neor. This method can be used to estimate integration rates of other Ty3 and Ty1 elements and to evaluate the efficiency of Ty‐mediated cloned gene integration.
Older patients with high‐risk fungal infections can be successfully allografted using non‐myeloablative conditioning in combination with intensified supportive care regimens
Authors: Hermann Stella , Klein Stefan A. , Jacobi Volkmar , Thalhammer Axel , Bialleck Heike , Duchscherer Michaele , Wassmann Barbara , Hoelzer Dieter , Martin Hans 
Published: July 2002

Leukaemic patients with advanced disease and severe fungal infections as well as older patients with substantial co‐morbidity are usually excluded from conventional allotransplantation because of increased morbidity and mortality. We approached allogeneic transplantation in four patients with a median age of 62 years (one chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis, one high‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1), one AML in 2nd relapse, one AML in CR2 with pre‐existing fungal lung infections (two aspergillus, two mucor) and additional co‐morbidity (diabetes n = 2, aortic aneurysm n = 1, arterial sclerosis n = 2) by combining non‐myeloablative conditioning with an intensified supportive care regimen, including amphotericin B and 4–12 (median 9) prophylactic granulocyte transfusions from granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐stimulated volunteer donors. G‐CSF was also given to patients until neutrophil recovery. All four patients recovered to a neutrophil count of 0·5 × 109/l after a median of 11·5 d (range 11–13 d). Prophylactic granulocyte transfusions also reduced the need for platelet transfusions and minimized mucositis. All patients were discharged at a median of 25 d (range 18–59 d) and are alive and well after a median follow‐up of > 390 d (range 336–417 d) without evidence of leukaemia. Regression of the fungal lesions was documented in three patients, with a slight progression detected by computerized tomography scan of the chest in one patient. We conclude that pulmonary fungal infections are not a contraindication for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, if non‐myeloablative conditioning regimens are used in combination with granulocyte transfusions, intravenous amphotericin B and G‐CSF.
Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): analysis of the seasonal atmospheric CO2 signal
Authors: Nemry B. , Fran&ccedilOis L. , Gérard J. ‐C. , Bondeau A. , Heimann M. , Intercomparison ThE. Participants OF. ThE. Potsdam NpP. Model 
Published: July 2002

SummaryEight terrestrial biospheric models (TBMs) calculating the monthly distributions of both net primary productivity (NPP) and soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) in the Potsdam NPP Model Intercomparison workshop are used to simulate seasonal patterns of atmospheric CO2 concentration. For each model, we used net ecosystem productivity (NEP = NPP – RH) as the source function in the TM2 atmospheric transport model from the Max‐Planck Institute for Meteorology. Comparing the simulated concentration fields with detrended measurements from 25 monitoring stations spread over the world, we found that the decreasing seasonal amplitude from north to south is rather well reproduced by all the models, though the amplitudes are slightly too low in the north. The agreement between the simulated and observed seasonality is good in the northern hemisphere, but poor in the southern hemisphere, even when the ocean is accounted for. Based on a Fourier analysis of the calculated zonal atmospheric signals, tropical NEP plays a key role in the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric CO2 in the whole southern hemisphere. The relatively poor match between measured and predicted atmospheric CO2 in this hemisphere suggests problems with all the models. The simulation of water relations, a dominant regulator of NEP in the tropics, is a leading candidate for the source of these problems.