bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phospholipid-grafted PLLA electrospun micro/nanofibers immobilized with small extracellular vesicles from rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells promote wound healing in diabetic rats
Authors: Li Jing , Yan Shunshun , Han Weiju , Dong Zixuan , Li Junliang , Wu Qi , Fu Xiaoling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can deliver a variety of bioactive factors to create a favorable local microenvironment, thereby holding huge potential in chronic wound repair. However, free sEVs administrated intravenously or locally are usually cleared rapidly, resulting in an insufficient duration of the efficacy. Thus, strategies that enable optimized retention and release profiles of sEVs at wound sites are desirable. Herein, we fabricated novel functional phosphoethanolamine phospholipid-grafted poly-l-lactic acid micro/nanofibers (DSPE-PLLA) to carry and retain sEVs from rat adipose MSCs, enabling the slow local release of sEVs. Our results showed that sEVs@DSPE-PLLA promoted the proliferation, migration and gene expression (Col I, Col III, TGF-β, α-SMA, HIF-1α) of fibroblasts. It also promoted keratinocyte proliferation. In addition, sEVs@DSPE-PLLA helped polarize macrophages toward the M2 phenotype by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (Arginase 1, CD 206, IL-10) and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, TNF-α). Further in vivo study in diabetic rat models showed that sEVs@DSPE-PLLA improved the wound-healing process by alleviating the inflammatory responses, stimulating cell proliferation, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. These results highlight the potential of using DSPE-grafted scaffolds for extracellular vesicle immobilization and suggest sEVs@DSPE-PLLA micro/nanofibers as promising functional wound dressings for diabetic wounds.
ON THE PLACEMENT OF APRON DOSEMETERS AND DOSE ASSESSMENT IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Ferrari P , Becker F , Campani L , Jansen J , Jovanović Z , Krstić D , Mariotti F , Teles P , Venturi G 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPersonnel involved in interventional practices are likely to be exposed to higher radiation doses than other workers in the medical field. Personnel monitoring and radiation protection measures play a crucial role in keeping these doses below the limits. EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) Working Group 12 performed a series of investigations showing how the complexity of the scattered field reaching the operators can influence the doses to the operators. The present work was aimed at determining the possible effects on the registered doses of the scattered field and the actual position of a dosemeter on apron. This study has been performed through Monte Carlo simulations and it was validated through measurements. It does not claim to identify the ‘best’ position for the dosemeter, but to assess the variability of its response, showing how a variability of the order of +/− 30% to 40 should be taken into account.
It is time to abolish the clock change and adopt permanent standard time in the United States: a Sleep Research Society position statement
Authors: Malow Beth A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Daylight saving time (DST) refers to the practice of advancing clock time by 1 h each spring, with a return (setting back) to standard time (ST) each fall. Numerous sleep and circadian societies other than the Sleep Research Society have published statements in support of permanent ST, and permanent ST has also received support from multiple medical societies and organizations. This perspective discusses the positive and negative health and economic consequences of permanent DST, permanent ST, and maintaining the status quo (DST for part of the year). After a thorough review of the existing literature, the SRS advocates the adoption of permanent ST.
Evaluation of the Uptake, Metabolism, and Secretion of Toxicants by Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Achenbach John C , Hui Joseph P M , Berrue Fabrice , Woodland Cindy , Ellis Lee D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zebrafish larvae have classically been used as a high-throughput model with which to test both the bioactivity and toxicity of known and novel compounds, making them a promising whole organism New Approach Method in the context of the international momentum to eliminate animal testing. Larvae are generally exposed to the chemicals being tested in a static environment and the concentration-response patterns are calculated based on the initial bath concentrations of the compounds. This approach rarely takes into account the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the compounds being tested, which can have a significant effect on the toxicokinetic profiles of the compounds and thus impact the predictive ability of the model. In this study, we have evaluated the toxicokinetic profile of 5 known toxicants, 3 phenolic compounds, along with thiabendazole and 3,4-dicholoronalanine, at 6, 8, 24, 72, and 120 h postfertilization in order to match the exposure timelines of a standard in vitro fish embryo toxicity test. It was revealed that in addition to bioaccumulation effects, the compounds were all actively metabolized and excreted by the larvae. Importantly, comparisons between the toxicants revealed that the patterns of uptake and metabolism were varied and could often partially explain the differences in their concentration-response patterns. The findings of this study are significant as they highlight the requirement for an assessment of the stability and toxicokinetic profile of chemicals tested using standard zebrafish larval toxicity assays in order to better understand and compare their toxicity profiles.
Transcriptional Regulation of Human Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 2 Gene by Glucose and Insulin in Liver Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Hong Kyung U , Salazar-González Raúl A , Walls Kennedy M , Hein David W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is well-known for its role in phase II metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs. More recently, genome wide association studies and murine models implicated NAT2 in regulation of insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid levels. However, the mechanism remains unknown. Transcript levels of human NAT2 varied dynamically in HepG2 (hepatocellular) cells, depending on the nutrient status of the culture media. Culturing the cells in the presence of glucose induced NAT2 mRNA expression as well as its N-acetyltransferase activity significantly. In addition, insulin or acetate treatment also significantly induced NAT2 mRNA. We examined and compared the glucose- and acetate-dependent changes in NAT2 expression to those of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, including FABP1, CPT1A, ACACA, SCD, CD36, FASN, ACLY, G6PC, and PCK1. Genes that are involved in fatty acid transport and lipogenesis, such as FABP1 and CD36, shared a similar pattern of expression with NAT2. In silico analysis of genes co-expressed with NAT2 revealed an enrichment of biological processes involved in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis and transport. Among these, A1CF (APOBEC1 complementation factor) showed the highest correlation with NAT2 in terms of its expression in normal human tissues. The current study shows, for the first time, that human NAT2 is transcriptionally regulated by glucose and insulin in liver cancer cell lines and that the gene expression pattern of NAT2 is similar to that of genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport.
Pararectus Approach in Acetabular Fractures in Patients Older Than 65 years. Is it Possible to Improve the Technique?
Authors: Cano-Luís Pedro , García-Mendoza Abraham , Giráldez-Sánchez Miguel , Andrés-Cano Pablo 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Review clinical results of the treatment for acetabular fractures using the pararectus approach and analyze surgical variations of the traditional approach.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Tertiary referral hospital.

Patients:
46 patients over 65 years of age who sustained an acetabular fracture and underwent surgery using the pararectus approach.

Intervention:
Fractures were treated using a pararectus approach. Three variations of the original technique were performed: (1) Ligature of the deep iliac circumflex artery and vein, (2) separation of the psoas and iliacus muscles, and (3) isolation of the spermatic cord in men and round ligament in women together with the iliac and epigastric vessels.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Outcomes measures included surgical, demographic, and clinical data, and information related to follow-up.

Results:
Duration of surgery, 125 minutes (95–210). Quality of reduction on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan; anatomic in 22 patients (47.8%), incomplete in 16 (34.8%), and poor in 8 (17.4%). In patients in whom the hip was preserved (n = 41), functional status was excellent in 15 patients (36.5%), good in 17 (41.4%), fair in 6 (14.7%), and poor in 3 (7.4%), with mean functional score of 16 points (7–18). Seven patients (15.2%) developed posttraumatic osteoarthritis and 4 of these patients underwent total hip replacement.

Conclusions:
This study reports positive outcomes in fracture reduction and clinical outcomes with low complications in older patients who suffered acetabular fractures and were treated using a pararectus approach. Small variations in the technique, such as those proposed in this study, may help to widen access to the surgical site and simplify the technique.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Investigating the mechanism of action of Danhong injection and its components against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Lei Peng , Mwangi Charity Ngina , Cao Yuanlin , Chen Jingrui , Huang Yuting , Wang Yuefei , Zhu Yan , Fan Guanwei , Jiang Miaomiao 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The surgical treatment of myocardial infarction often causes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Danhong injection (DHI) has curative effects on coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. However, its therapeutic effects on MI/RI still require further validation. This study aims to investigate the components involved and mechanism of action of DHI against MI/RI.

Methods:
Primary metabolites (PM) and secondary metabolites (SM) were isolated from DHI. We established a rat model of MI/RI by administering PM, SM, and DHI. Cardiac morphology and functional parameters were evaluated using cardiac ultrasound. The metabolic effects of PM, SM, and DHI in the serum and myocardial tissue on MI/RI were investigated using 1H-NMR.

Results:
Our study showed that DHI, PM, and SM could improve cardiac function by correcting the dilated cardiac structure, alleviating inflammation by downregulating complement C2 expression, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by upregulating cyclooxygenase (COX) expression, and restoring normal energy supply by inhibiting fatty acid metabolism and stimulating glycometabolism. In addition, DHI and SM could attenuate the calcium overload and trigger an inflammatory response and oxidative stress by downregulating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) expression.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that DHI and its components exerts resistance against MI/RI by ameliorating cardiac dysfunction, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress.
Safety and Efficacy of Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Scheuermann Amanda , Liegl Melodee , Simpson Pippa , Branchford Brian , Malec Lynn 
Published: September 2022

Background/Objectives:
Children with cancer have an increased risk for developing a venous thromboembolism (VTE) during their treatment course. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) represent a relatively new class of oral medications to treat VTE; however, data are limited to support use in this patient group. Given the safety and efficacy data from numerous perspective adult studies, providers now consider off-label use in select children.

Methods:
We performed a single-center, retrospective review of children 0 to 20 years of age from 2012 to 2020 with malignancy and confirmed VTE, with the objective to evaluate the hypothesis that the safety and the efficacy of DOACs are noninferior to enoxaparin in this population. The primary composite efficacy outcome comprises symptomatic recurrent VTE, death due to VTE, and thrombus progression. The principal safety outcome is a combination of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding.

Results:
The safety and efficacy outcomes collected revealed that DOAC use was equivalent when compared with the enoxaparin group for treatment of VTE. One patient in the DOAC group had clinically relevant, nonmajor bleeding compared with 2 patients in the enoxaparin group. No treatment failures were observed.

Conclusions:
This single-center study suggests that DOACs are both safe and efficacious for the treatment of VTE in children with cancer. It also highlights the need for larger studies to address this clinical question.
Are there other muscle fibers on the orbicularis oris muscle in the upper lip?
Authors: Park Jung-Ah , Rho Nark Kyung , Lee Hye-In , Yeo In-Seung , Koh Ki-Seok , Song Wu-Chul 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The elevator muscles of the upper lip are the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, and zygomaticus minor muscles, which function via their insertions into the skin of the upper lip. However, many textbooks and journal articles state that no muscle fibers are present on the orbicularis oris muscle (OOr) in the upper lip. We attempted to determine if there is a superficial muscle layer additional to the OOr in the upper lip.

Methods:
We performed gross dissections of ten formalin-fixed cadavers and applied micro-computed tomography (microCT) to six formalin-fixed cadavers. The fine dissection of the upper lip was performed in a layer-by-layer manner that elucidated its muscle layers. The entire layer of the upper lip was separated and pretreated with phosphotungstic acid for microCT. The samples used for microCT were repurposed for use in histology. An ultrasonography study was also performed.

Results:
The presence of a muscle layer on the OOr was confirmed in all samples. The elevator muscle fibers of the upper lip formed a layer by combining with connective tissue. MicroCT indicated lower terminal insertions of the elevator muscles throughout the upper lip. All parts of the upper lip skin were inserted into the OOr. The histologic findings were similar to those of microCT.

Conclusions:
Our findings could be used to improve aesthetic and surgical procedures performed on the upper lip, such as correction of gummy smile and transverse upper labial crease, or postresection reconstruction of the upper lip.
Breast Shielding Combined With an Optimized Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Pregnancy Protocol
Authors: Gillespie Ciara D. , Yates Andrew , Murphy Mark C. , Hughes Mark , Ewins Karl , NíAinle Fionnuala , Bolster Ferdia , Rowan Michael , Foley Shane , MacMahon Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
To determine the impact of breast shields on breast dose and image quality when combined with a low-dose computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) protocol for pregnancy.

Methods:
A low-dose CTPA protocol, with and without breast shields, was evaluated by anthropomorphic phantom and 20 prospectively recruited pregnant participants from January to October 2019. Thermoluminescent dosimeters measured surface and absorbed breast dose in the phantom and surface breast dose in participants. The Monte-Carlo method estimated the absorbed breast dose in participants. Image quality was assessed quantitatively by regions of interest analysis and subjectively by the Likert scale. Doses and image quality for CTPA alone were compared with CTPA with breast shields.

Results:
Mean surface and absorbed breast dose for CTPA alone were 1.3±0.4 and 2.8±1.5 mGy in participants, and 1.5±0.7 and 1.6±0.6 mGy in the phantom. Shielding reduced surface breast dose to 0.5±0.3 and 0.7±0.2 mGy in the phantom (66%) and study participants (48%), respectively. Absorbed breast dose reduced to 0.9±0.5 mGy (46%) in the phantom.
Noise increased with breast shields at lower kV settings (80 to 100 kV) in the phantom; however, in study participants there was no significant difference between shield and no-shield groups for main pulmonary artery noise (no-shield: 34±9.8, shield: 36.3±7.2, P=0.56), SNR (no-shield: 11.2±3.7, shield: 10.8±2.6, P=0.74) or contrast-to-noise ratio (no-shield: 10.0±3.3, shield: 9.3±2.4, P=0.6). Median subjective image quality scores were comparable (no-shield: 4.0, interquartile range: 3.5 to 4.4, shield: 4.3, interquartile range: 4.0 to 4.5).

Conclusion:
Combining low-dose CTPA with breast shields confers additional breast-dose savings without impacting image quality and yields breast doses approaching those of low-dose scintigraphy, suggesting breast shields play a role in protocol optimization for select groups.
Acellular Dermal Matrix Mimicking a New Retroareolar Mass After Central Pillar Neonipple Reconstruction
Authors: Gherlone Nicole , Sowa Patrick , Osipova Maria , Walton Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is an increasingly popular alloplastic cadaveric dermis used to enhance postmastectomy reconstruction. Acellular dermal matrix can be used as a nipple-shaped cylinder in central pillar nipple reconstruction to help maintain long-term projection. We report a unique presentation of ADM mimicking a retroareolar mass after central pillar neonipple reconstruction. A 49-year-old woman with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma underwent delayed nipple reconstruction after lumpectomy and oncoplastic closure using an inframammary V-Y advancement flap.
The nipple reconstruction was performed using pretattoo and articulated tab flaps. A rolled tube of acellular dermal matrix was placed in the central aspect of the neonipple reconstruction for projection. At 4 months postoperative, a screening mammogram and ultrasound noted a new retroareolar mass classified as BIRADS 4 necessitating a breast biopsy. Biopsy revealed portions of fibrous connective tissue consistent with partially incorporated acellular dermal matrix allograft. There was no evidence of malignancy. To mitigate the risk of future radiographic or clinical misinterpretation of ADM in nipple reconstruction, the placement of radiopaque markers such as microclips on the ADM implant could be a useful adjunct. Radiologists and surgeons should include ADM artifact in their differential diagnosis of radiologic imaging when evaluating a new mass in the proximity of prior ADM placement in neonipple reconstruction of the breast.
Subnormothermic Ex Vivo Porcine Kidney Perfusion Improves Energy Metabolism: Analysis Using 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Agius Thomas , Songeon Julien , Klauser Antoine , Allagnat Florent , Longchamp Grégoire , Ruttimann Raphael , Lyon Arnaud , Ivaniesevic Julijana , Meier Raphael , Déglise Sébastien , Markmann James F. , Uygun Korkut , Buhler Leo , Toso Christian , Corpataux Jean-Marc , Lazeyras Francois , Longchamp Alban 
Published: September 2022

Background.
The ideal preservation temperature for donation after circulatory death kidney grafts is unknown. We investigated whether subnormothermic (22 °C) ex vivo kidney machine perfusion could improve kidney metabolism and reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods.
To mimic donation after circulatory death procurement, kidneys from 45-kg pigs underwent 60 min of warm ischemia. Kidneys were then perfused ex vivo for 4 h with Belzer machine perfusion solution UW at 22 °C or at 4 °C before transplantation. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging coupled with LCModel fitting was used to assess energy metabolites. Kidney perfusion was evaluated with dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI. Renal biopsies were collected at various time points for histopathologic analysis.

Results.
Total adenosine triphosphate content was 4 times higher during ex vivo perfusion at 22 °C than at 4 °C perfusion. At 22 °C, adenosine triphosphate levels increased during the first hours of perfusion but declined afterward. Similarly, phosphomonoesters, containing adenosine monophosphate, were increased at 22 °C and then slowly consumed over time. Compared with 4 °C, ex vivo perfusion at 22 °C improved cortical and medullary perfusion. Finally, kidney perfusion at 22 °C reduced histological lesions after transplantation (injury score: 22 °C: 10.5 ± 3.5; 4 °C: 18 ± 2.25 over 30).

Conclusions.
Ex vivo kidney perfusion at 22°C improved graft metabolism and protected from ischemia-reperfusion injuries upon transplantation. Future clinical studies will need to define the benefits of subnormothermic perfusion in improving kidney graft function and patient’s survival.
Pan-Canadian survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening and management
Authors: El-Zein Mariam , Ali Rami , Farah Eliya , Botting-Provost Sarah , Franco Eduardo L. ,   Survey Study Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to cancer care by delaying diagnoses and treatment, presenting challenges and uncertainties for both patients and physicians. We conducted a nationwide online survey to investigate the effects of the pandemic and capture modifications, prompted by pandemic-related control measures, on cervical cancer screening-related activities from mid-March to mid-August 2020, across Canada.MethodsThe survey consisted of 61 questions related to the continuum of care in cervical cancer screening and treatment: appointment scheduling, tests, colposcopy, follow-up, treatment of pre-cancerous lesions/cancer, and telemedicine. We piloted the survey with 21 Canadian experts in cervical cancer prevention and care. We partnered with the Society of Canadian Colposcopists, Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada, Canadian Association of Pathologists, and Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, which distributed the survey to their members via email. We reached out to family physicians and nurse practitioners via MDBriefCase. The survey was also posted on McGill Channels (Department of Family Medicine News and Events) and social media platforms. The data were analyzed descriptively.ResultsUnique responses were collected from 510 participants (16 November 2020 - 28 February 2021), representing 418 fully- and 92 partially-completed surveys. Responses were from Ontario (41.0%), British Columbia (21.0%), and Alberta (12.8%), and mostly comprised family physicians/general practitioners (43.7%), and gynecologist/obstetrician professionals (21.6%). Cancelled screening appointments were mainly reported by family physicians/general practitioners (28.3%), followed by gynecologist/obstetrician professionals (19.8%), and primarily occurred in private clinics (30.5%). Decreases in the number of screening Pap tests and colposcopy procedures were consistently observed across Canadian provinces. About 90% reported that their practice/institution adopted telemedicine to communicate with patients.ConclusionsThe area most severely impacted by the pandemic was appointment scheduling, with an important level of cancellations reported. Survey results may inform resumptions of various fronts in cervical cancer screening and management.