bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Converging IoT protocols for the data integration of automation systems in the electrical industry
Authors: Gil Santiago , Zapata-Madrigal Germán D. , García-Sierra Rodolfo , Cruz Salazar Luis Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role in the development of applications for the Electrical Industry. The data has become essential for the technological advances in this industry, changing abruptly due to the distributed energy resources and the smart grid concept. The data integration also represents a relevant matter to address when performing IoT projects for electrical industry applications. The electrical industry requires incorporating different IoT protocols to comply with the distinct scenarios and the interoperability. This work proposes integrating the HTTP REST, MQTT, LoRaWAN, and OPC UA open communications protocols into an IoT platform and interoperable architecture for smart grid applications. This approach intends to contribute to smart grid solutions and automation systems in the electrical industry, promotes further integration of communication protocols for this field, and enables additional data-based applications for their automation systems. A Multi-Agent System architecture based on the IoT integration is proposed as an application to show how implementable is this approach in current and technological electrical systems.
Intracavity spherical aberration for selective generation of single-transverse-mode Laguerre-Gaussian output with order up to 95
Authors: Sheng Quan , Wang Aihua , Ma Yuanyuan , Wang Sijia , Wang Meng , Shi Zheng , Liu Junjie , Fu Shijie , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan , Omatsu Takashige 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the generation of single-transverse-mode Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) emission from a diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4, 1064 nm laser using mode selection via intracavity spherical aberration (SA). We present both theoretical and experimental investigations, examining the limits of the order (both radial and angular indices) of the LG modes which can be produced, along with the resultant output power. We found that in order to generate single-mode emission of low-order LG modes which have relatively small beam diameters, lenses with shorter focal-length were required (to better differentiate neighboring LG modes via SA). The converse was true of LG modes with high-order. Through appropriate choice of the focal length of the intracavity lens, we were able to generate single-mode, LG0,±m laser output with angular indices m selectable from 1 to 95, as well as those with non-zero radial indices p of up to 4.
Long-term survival rates of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiochemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kazemian Ali , Ghalehtaki Reza , Farazmand Borna , Taherioun Maryam , Razmkhah Mahdieh , Khalili Nastaran , Farhan Farshid , Aghili Mahdi , Esmati Ebrahim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is showing an increasing incidence in Iran. Radiation is the main treatment of this cancer. Use of new techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is on the rise. Here, we aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes of NPC patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for a more reliable comparison with IMRT in the future.

Results
We reviewed the medical records of 106 patients with NPC treated by definitive radiotherapy from 2007 to 2016. Patients were treated with 70 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. Twenty-one patients died during the follow-up period. Twenty-nine patients suffered from locoregional or distant recurrences. Of these, 6 recurred after 2 years of treatment completion. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 81% and 76%, respectively. The 2-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 72% and 63%, respectively. The 5-year locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 68% and 69%, respectively.

Conclusion
Due to high survival rates of NPC and the importance of receiving planned total dose of RT, the treatment-related toxicity and quality of life are critical considerations both for patients during active treatment and for survivors.
Effective medium modeling of the joint elastic-electrical properties of sandstones with partial water saturation
Authors: Han Tongcheng , Yan Han , Fu Li-Yun , Xu Denghui 
Published: February 2022

Quantitatively assessing fluid saturation in reservoir rocks has been the ultimate goal of hydrocarbon geophysical investigations. Joint interpretation of acoustic and electromagnetic survey data indicates a promise to improve the fluid quantification ability. However, the saturation effects on the cross-property relationship between the elastic and electrical rock properties (i.e., the joint elastic-electrical properties) that form the key to the successful joint interpretation remain poorly understood. We have developed an effective medium modeling scheme for the joint elastic-electrical properties of sandstones with partial water saturation and studied theoretically the effects of porosity and grain and pore geometries on the saturation-dependent joint elastic-electrical properties of sandstones. Comparison between the modeling results and an available laboratory data set confirms the applicability of the approach for modeling the joint elastic-electrical properties of partially saturated sandstones. P-wave velocity is found to decrease with increasing electrical conductivity as water saturation increases in rocks with low porosity, low grain aspect ratio, and high pore aspect ratio. The water saturation effects on the joint properties are amplified in rocks with higher porosity, greater grain aspect ratio, and lower pore aspect ratio, in which P-wave velocity indicates an asymmetric V-shaped relationship with electrical conductivity as an implicit function of increasing water saturation. It also is found that the increasing porosity affects the joint properties in a gradually increasing manner, whereas the increasing grain and pore aspect ratios impose a decreasing impact on the joint elastic-electrical correlations. The results have strengthened our understanding of the joint elastic-electrical properties of partially saturated sandstones and will facilitate the joint interpretation of acoustic and electromagnetic survey data for improved fluid quantification.
Data-driven modeling of time-domain induced polarization
Authors: Bérubé Charles L. , Bérubé Pierre 
Published: February 2022

Induced polarization (IP) measurements are affected by various types of noise, which should be removed prior to data interpretation. However, existing data processing methods often rely on empirical assumptions about the standard shape of IP decay curves. Our goal is to introduce a data-driven approach for modeling and processing time-domain IP measurements. To reach this goal, we train a variational autoencoder (VAE) on 1,600,319 IP decays collected in Canada, the United States, and Kazakhstan. The proposed deep learning approach is unsupervised and avoids the pitfalls of IP parameterization with empirical Cole-Cole and Debye decomposition models, simple power-law models, or mechanistic models. Four applications of VAEs are key to modeling and processing IP data: (1) synthetic data generation, (2) Bayesian denoising, (3) evaluation of signal-to-noise ratio, and (4) outlier detection. Furthermore, we interpret the IP data compilation’s latent representation and reveal a correlation between its first dimension and the average chargeability. Finally, we determine that a single real-valued scalar parameter contains sufficient information to encode IP data. This new finding suggests that modeling time-domain IP data using mathematical models governed by more than one free parameter is ambiguous, whereas modeling only the average chargeability is justified. A pretrained implementation of the VAE model is available as open-source Python code.
Dynamical scaling of Loschmidt echo in non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Tang Jia-Chen , Kou Su-Peng , Sun Gaoyong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe show that non-Hermitian biorthogonal many-body phase transitions can be characterized by the enhanced decay of Loschmidt echo. The quantum criticality is numerically investigated in a non-Hermitian transverse field Ising model by performing the finite-size dynamical scaling of Loschmidt echo. We determine the equilibrium correlation length critical exponents that are consistent with previous results from the exact diagonalization. More importantly, we introduce a simple method to detect quantum phase transitions with the short-time average of rate function motivated by the critically enhanced decay behavior of Loschmidt echo. Our studies show how to detect equilibrium many-body phase transitions with biorthogonal Loschmidt echo that can be observed in future experiments via quantum dynamics after a quench.
Fat Mass Has Negative Effects on Bone, Especially in Men: A Cross-sectional Analysis of NHANES 2011-2018
Authors: Jain Rajesh K , Vokes Tamara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
The effect of high levels of obesity on bone health are not clear.

Objective
We aimed to examine the associations of body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in a large, nationally representative population with a wide range of body mass index.

Methods
We analyzed 10 814 subjects aged 20-59 from NHANES 2011-2018 who had total body BMD and body composition data. Body composition was examined as lean mass index (LMI) and fat mass index (FMI). Linear regression models were created with BMD as the outcome, while examining LMI and FMI and controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, height, and smoking status.

Results
In multivariable modeling, every 1 kg/m2 additional LMI was associated with 0.19 higher T-score, while every additional 1 kg/m2 in FMI was associated with 0.10 lower T-score (P &lt; .001 for both). The negative association of FMI with BMD was mainly seen when adjusting for LMI. Effects of LMI were similar in men and women, but the effect of FMI was more negative in men (0.13 lower T-score per additional 1 kg/m2 of FMI in men vs 0.08 lower BMD T-score in women, P for interaction &lt; .001).

Conclusion
In subjects under 60 years old, lean mass had a strong positive association with BMD. Conversely, fat mass had a moderate, negative association with BMD that was most notable in men at high levels of fat. Our results emphasize the importance of bone health in obesity and may explain site-specific increases in fracture rates in some studies of obese subjects.
The Ghazal as “World Poetry”: Between Worlding and Vernacularization
Authors: Grewal Sara Hakeem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile the ghazal has appeared in many linguistic traditions, its diversity is undermined by the imposition of a singular definition of this genre, which is further compounded by the overly simplistic identification of ghazal as lyric; these lyricized readings of the ghazal as both transhistorical and transnational rely on a discourse of “worlding” as an imperial project of cultural recovery and homogenization. In contrast, this article employs the methodology of historical poetics to argue via a reading of meta-ghazals in Persian, Urdu, and English that reading practices around the ghazal—including definitions of the genre that variously emphasize form versus theme—change according to the historical and geographical context of its circulation. However, by celebrating the ghazal’s travel as seemingly apolitical and/or ahistorical, the discourse of world poetry, particularly in the reception of the ghazals of Agha Shahid Ali, participates in an ongoing imperialism in world literary study. In contrast, we can read the ghazals of Adrienne Rich as exemplifying the tradition of vernacularization that has enabled the ghazal’s movement between languages, such that her work, like the work of historical poetics as a methodology, honors the history of the form’s travel through its appearance in contemporary American English.
Feeling Meter
Authors: Kozak Mariusz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article explores the nature of metrical knowledge underlying Justin London's many-meters hypothesis. It argues that meter is a form of culturally situated kinesthetic knowledge, or a knowledge of what it feels like to move to music in a particular way. This reframing of meter focuses on its technical and bodily dimensions, which links the analysis of meter with issues of social inclusion and exclusion, of learning and unlearning, and of habit and novelty. The article illustrates the implications of this approach with examples from recent progressive metal, where musicians manipulate the backbeat to present listeners with affordances for the enactment of different forms of time.
An Intervallic Approach to Sixteenth-Century Chromaticism
Authors: Turci-Escobar John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article proposes an intervallic approach to classifying and interpreting sixteenth-century chromaticism. The approach is based on a distinction between active leading tones, which imply resolution by diatonic semitone, and stable notes, which do not. This distinction underlies a dyadic approach to categorizing contrapuntal uses of chromatic semitones, providing an alternative to prevalent classifications by interval of triadic root or bass motion. The article distinguishes three chromatic semitone types: (1) normative/expressive, (2) chromatically deflected leading tones, and (3) chromatically thwarted leading tones. For each type, the article discusses representative examples drawn from motets and madrigals by Orlando di Lasso, Giaches de Wert, Luca Marenzio, Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Alfonso Fontanelli, and Carlo Gesualdo, and considers how the chromatic semitones express the poetic texts.
The Nasonia pair-rule gene regulatory network retains its function over 300 million years of evolution
Authors: Taylor Shannon E. , Dearden Peter K. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Insect segmentation is a well-studied and tractable system with which to investigate the genetic regulation of development. Though insects segment their germband using a variety of methods, modelling work implies that a single gene regulatory network can underpin the two main types of insect segmentation. This means limited genetic changes are required to explain significant differences in segmentation mode between different insects. This idea needs to be tested in a wider variety of species, and the nature of the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying this model has not been tested. Some insects, e.g. Nasonia vitripennis and Apis mellifera segment progressively, a pattern not examined in previous studies of this segmentation model, producing stripes at different times progressively through the embryo, but not from a segment addition zone. Here, we aim to understand the GRNs patterning Nasonia using a simulation-based approach. We found that an existing model of Drosophila segmentation ( Clark, 2017) can be used to recapitulate the progressive segmentation of Nasonia, if provided with altered inputs in the form of expression of the timer genes Nv-caudal and Nv-odd paired. We predict limited topological changes to the pair-rule network and show, by RNAi knockdown, that Nv-odd paired is required for morphological segmentation. Together this implies that very limited changes to the Drosophila network are required to simulate Nasonia segmentation, despite significant differences in segmentation modes, implying that Nasonia use a very similar version of an ancestral GRN used by Drosophila, which must therefore have been conserved for at least 300 million years.
Hedgehog pathway modulation by glypican 3-conjugated heparan sulfate
Authors: Liu Yulu Cherry , Wierbowski Bradley M. , Salic Adrian 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Glypicans are a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that play critical roles in multiple cell signaling pathways. Glypicans consist of a globular core, an unstructured stalk modified with sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains, and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Though these structural features are conserved, their individual contribution to glypican function remains obscure. Here, we investigate how glypican 3 (GPC3), which is mutated in Simpson–Golabi–Behmel tissue overgrowth syndrome, regulates Hedgehog signaling. We find that GPC3 is necessary for the Hedgehog response, surprisingly controlling a downstream signal transduction step. Purified GPC3 ectodomain rescues signaling when artificially recruited to the surface of GPC3-deficient cells but has dominant-negative activity when unattached. Strikingly, the purified stalk, modified with heparan sulfate but not chondroitin sulfate, is necessary and sufficient for activity. Our results demonstrate a novel function for GPC3-associated heparan sulfate and provide a framework for the functional dissection of glycosaminoglycans by in vivo biochemical complementation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Energy expenditure does not solely explain step length–width choices during walking
Authors: Antos Stephen A. , Kording Konrad P. , Gordon Keith E. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Healthy young adults have a most preferred walking speed, step length and step width that are close to energetically optimal. However, people can choose to walk with a multitude of different step lengths and widths, which can vary in both energy expenditure and preference. Here, we further investigated step length–width preferences and their relationship to energy expenditure. In line with a growing body of research, we hypothesized that people's preferred stepping patterns would not be fully explained by metabolic energy expenditure. To test this hypothesis, we used a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Fifteen participants walked on an oversized treadmill. Each trial, participants performed two prescribed stepping patterns and then chose the pattern they preferred. Over time, we adapted the choices such that there was 50% chance of choosing one pattern over another (equally preferred). If people's preferences are based solely on metabolic energy expenditure, then these equally preferred stepping patterns should have equal energy expenditure. In contrast, we found that energy expenditure differed across equally preferred step length–width patterns (P&lt;0.001). On average, longer steps with higher energy expenditure were preferred over shorter and wider steps with lower energy expenditure (P&lt;0.001). We also asked participants to rank a set of shorter, wider and longer steps from most preferred to least preferred, and from most energy expended to least energy expended. Only 7/15 participants had the same rankings for their preferences and perceived energy expenditure. Our results suggest that energy expenditure is not the only factor influencing a person's conscious gait choices.
Active tactile exploration and tactually induced turning in tethered walking stick insects
Authors: Berendes Volker , Dürr Volker 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Many animals use their tactile sense for active exploration and tactually guided behaviors such as near-range orientation. In insects, tactile sensing is often intimately linked to locomotion, resulting in the orchestration of several concurrent active movements, including turning of the entire body, rotation of the head, and searching or sampling movements of the antennae. The present study aims at linking the sequence of tactile contact events to associated changes of all three kinds of these active movements (body, head and antennae). To do so, we chose the Indian stick insect Carausius morosus, an organism commonly used to study sensory control of locomotion. Methodologically, we combined recordings of walking speed, heading, whole-body kinematics and antennal contact sequences during stationary, tethered walking and controlled presentation of an ‘artificial twig’ for tactile exploration. Our results show that object presentation episodes as brief as 5 s are sufficient to allow for a systematic investigation of tactually induced turning behavior in walking stick insects. Animals began antennating the artificial twig within 0.5 s, and altered the beating fields of both antennae in a position-dependent manner. This change was mainly carried by a systematic shift of the head–scape joint movement and accompanied by associated changes in contact likelihood, contact location and sampling direction of the antennae. The turning tendency of the insect also depended on stimulus position, whereas the active, rhythmic head rotation remained unaffected by stimulus presentation. We conclude that the azimuth of contact location is a key parameter of active tactile exploration and tactually induced turning in stick insects.
Recognition of natural objects in the archerfish
Authors: Volotsky Svetlana , Ben-Shahar Ohad , Donchin Opher , Segev Ronen 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Recognition of individual objects and their categorization is a complex computational task. Nevertheless, visual systems can perform this task in a rapid and accurate manner. Humans and other animals can efficiently recognize objects despite countless variations in their projection on the retina due to different viewing angles, distance, illumination conditions and other parameters. To gain a better understanding of the recognition process in teleosts, we explored it in archerfish, a species that hunts by shooting a jet of water at aerial targets and thus can benefit from ecologically relevant recognition of natural objects. We found that archerfish not only can categorize objects into relevant classes but also can do so for novel objects, and additionally they can recognize an individual object presented under different conditions. To understand the mechanisms underlying this capability, we developed a computational model based on object features and a machine learning classifier. The analysis of the model revealed that a small number of features was sufficient for categorization, and the fish were more sensitive to object contours than textures. We tested these predictions in additional behavioral experiments and validated them. Our findings suggest the existence of a complex visual process in the archerfish visual system that enables object recognition and categorization.