bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional plant virus nanoparticles: An emerging strategy for therapy of cancer
Authors: Azizi Mehdi , Shahgolzari Mehdi , Fathi‐Karkan Sonia , Ghasemi Maryam , Samadian Hadi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCancer therapy requires sophisticated treatment strategies to obtain the highest success. Nanotechnology is enabling, revolutionizing, and multidisciplinary concepts to improve conventional cancer treatment modalities. Nanomaterials have a central role in this scenario, explaining why various nanomaterials are currently being developed for cancer therapy. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have shown promising performance in cancer therapy due to their unique features. VNPs possess morphological homogeneity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high absorption efficiency that are beneficial for cancer therapy applications. In the current review paper, we highlight state‐of‐the‐art properties and potentials of plant viruses, strategies for multifunctional plant VNPs formulations, potential applications and challenges in VNPs‐based cancer therapy, and finally practical solutions to bring potential cancer therapy one step closer to real applications.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Introduction: Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy
Authors: Smith David J. , Dodovski Ivan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis volume brings together a body of expertise gathered within ENTAN—European Non-Territorial Autonomy Network (www.entan.org), a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action dedicated to analysing the concept of Non-Territorial Autonomy (NTA) and its potential to accommodate the needs of different ethno-cultural and ethnolinguistic communities within a single state framework. Associated in terms of its origins with ideas developed by Austrian Social Democrats Karl Renner and Otto Bauer during the final years of the Habsburg Empire, NTA was originally conceived as a way of resolving rival group-based claims for territorial sovereignty.
Cultural Autonomy, Safe Haven or Window-Dressing? Institutions Maintained by Minority Self-Governments in Hungary
Authors: Dobos Balázs 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the history of national cultural autonomy (NCA) in Hungary, the emphasis since the mid-2000s has been placed on institutionalisation, with the aim of establishing, or taking over and maintaining various cultural and educational institutions with appropriate budget support by the minority self-governments (MSGs), the local variants of NCA. However, in practice this remained mostly on paper in the 1990s. But now there are hundreds of institutions—kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, dormitories, museums, libraries, theatres, research institutes, etc.—that are run by minorities. In this way, MSGs have become main actors in implementing linguistic, cultural and educational minority rights in the country.This is all the more important because recent experiences have shown that the transmission of minority languages ​​and identities in families is now largely interrupted, and minority educational institutions have an increasingly important role to play. However, this has been somewhat controversial, and still characterises minorities to varying extents, with those previously recognised in the communist era remaining in better positions with their pre-existing networks of institutions. It has only been possible for the establishment of these institutions, recognised later under the 1993 Minority Act, to begin in the last two decades. In some places, the idea of MSGs taking over existing institutions met resistance from the local populations, especially parents. In other places, especially during the Orbán governments in the 2010s, such a takeover became a kind of escape route so that the school in the municipality would neither be closed, nor continue to be maintained by the state or the churches. It has also been a question of how these minority schools perform on a variety of indicators, and thus whether it is worthwhile for parents to enrol their children. In addition, some ‘institutions’, especially certain ‘research centres’ employing only one person, cannot be considered real institutions. To address the issues above, the major aim of the study is to introduce and analyse the complex process of institutionalisation, and to summarise and evaluate its experiences, especially with regard to the impact of these institutions on the linguistic, cultural and educational rights of minorities.
Sustaining Natural Resources in African Agriculture: What Have We Learned in the Past Two Decades?
Authors: Place Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCalls for increased attention to natural resource management (NRM) in African agriculture have been around for many decades. They became more vocal around the turn of the century following decades of poor yield growth and emerging data showing concerns about land quality and productivity. In recent years, these intensified further with the specter of climate change and continuing rural population growth challenging agricultural systems on the continent. Researchers have responded to these challenges, advancing research frameworks and hypotheses, deploying more research tools, and conducting more studies. However, it is unclear that all this response has significantly advanced our state of knowledge on the extent and nature of land degradation in agricultural land, the particular practices that work in different socioeconomic contexts, and how best to induce their uptake by households facing different priorities and constraints. This chapter will motivate this conclusion and offer options for moving forward in some of these topical areas.
How Can We Achieve Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa? The Case of Tanzania
Authors: Nakano Yuko , Magezi Eustadius Francis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow can we achieve a rice Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa? In this chapter, we evaluate the progress of the rice Green Revolution and discuss potential policy interventions to achieve it in Tanzania. For these purposes, we summarize four studies that have been conducted by the authors. Especially, we focus on the effectiveness of irrigation, agricultural training, and microcredit for technology adoption and productivity enhancement of rice cultivation. We found a high potential for the rice Green Revolution in Tanzania and that it can be achievable with proper policy interventions. We propose irrigation development and agricultural training as effective means to achieve the rice Green Revolution in Tanzania.
A UFO? Assessment of System of Rice Intensification from the Agricultural Economics Perspective
Authors: Takahashi Kazushi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere has been a heated debate among researchers over the impact of a set of new rice-growing cultivation methods, known as the system of rice intensification (SRI). Farmers’ field-level observations showed that the yield of SRI was more than that of conventional management practices. However, these observations were criticized because of the lack of scientific bases. Indeed, well-managed experimental fields showed no yield gains in SRI practice. In an attempt to reconcile these conflicting observations, this chapter revisits the yield potential of SRI by reviewing recent empirical evidence in agricultural economics that employs a rigorous estimation strategy. All the papers reviewed consistently showed a positive and statistically significant impact on rice yield. Thus, I argue that the yield potential of SRI may be real and not something like an agronomic unconfirmed field observation (UFO) that was once cynically expressed to evoke an unidentified flying object. In addition, I argue that careful management practice exemplified by SRI is important for improving rice yield, which has also played a crucial role in the rice Green Revolution in Asia.
Fifty Years of Research on Land Tenure Policies and Land Markets: What Are the Major Lessons?
Authors: Holden Stein T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study makes a broad review of important contributions by economists to the understanding of land and labor contracts in agriculture and the analyses of major land tenure reforms in the twentieth century. Possible disincentive effects associated with share tenancy received much attention in the early theoretical literature and have later been scrutinized empirically with the availability of better data and better methods. With the development of better impact assessment methods and the experimental revolution in economics, land tenure reforms have increasingly also been assessed based on stronger data and better methods. However, using random treatments in such institutional reforms may neither be feasible nor recommendable in many cases. Still, experimental approaches may be used to investigate short-term impacts and help to reveal otherwise unobservable variables, such as risk preferences and trustworthiness, that affect land and labor contracts. With a good understanding of important contextual characteristics and new and better data, land tenure and land policies remain a vibrant and important area of research for applied economists. Rural transformation and adaptation to climate change put new pressures on rural factor markets and land tenure institutions in economies where shocks and pervasive market imperfections remain important challenges.
From rotating to charged black holes and back again
Authors: Aalsma Lars , Shiu Gary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mild form of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) requires higher derivative corrections to extremal charged black holes to increase their charge-to-mass ratio. This allows decay via emission of a smaller extremal black hole. In this paper, we investigate if similar constraints hold for extremal rotating black holes. We do so by considering the leading higher derivative corrections to the four-dimensional Kerr black hole and five-dimensional Myers-Perry black hole. We use a known mapping of these rotating solutions to a four-dimensional non-rotating dyonic Kaluza-Klein black hole and impose the WGC on this charged solution. Going back again to the rotating solutions, this fixes the sign of the corrections to the rotating extremality bounds. The sign of the corrections is non-universal, depending on the black hole under consideration. We argue that this is not at odds with black hole decay, because of the presence of a superradiant instability that persists in the extremal limit. When this instability is present, the WGC is implied for the four-dimensional charged black hole.
Super-resonant dark matter
Authors: Csáki Csaba , Gomes Andrew , Hochberg Yonit , Kuflik Eric , Langhoff Kevin , Murayama Hitoshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We introduce Super-Resonant Dark Matter, a model of self-interacting dark matter based on the low energy effective theory of supersymmetric QCD. The structure of the theory ensures a resonant enhancement of the self-interactions of the low energy mesons, since their mass ratio is set by the number of colors and flavors. The velocity dependence of the resonantly enhanced self-interactions allows such theories to accommodate puzzles in small scale structure that arise from dark matter halos of different sizes. The dark matter mass is then predicted to be around 3–4 MeV, with its abundance set by freeze-in via a kinetically mixed dark photon.
Poisson-Lie T-duality defects and target space fusion
Authors: Demulder Saskia , Raml Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Topological defects have long been known to encode symmetries and dualities between physical systems. In the context of string theory, defects have been intensively studied at the level of the worldsheet. Although marked by a number of pioneering milestones, the target space picture of defects is much less understood. In this paper, we show, at the level of the target space, that Poisson-Lie T-duality can be encoded as a topological defect. With this result at hand, we can postulate the kernel capturing the Fourier-Mukai transform associated to the action of Poisson-Lie T-duality on the RR-sector. Topological defects have the remarkable property that they can be fused together or, alternatively, with worldsheet boundary conditions. We study how fusion of the proposed generalised T-duality topological defect consistently leads to the known duality transformations for boundary conditions. Finally, taking a step back from generalised T-duality, we tackle the general problem of understanding the effect of fusion at the level of the target space. We propose to use the framework of Dirac geometry and formulate the fusion of topological defects and D-branes in this language.
Genetic variation in the Y chromosome and sex-biased DNA methylation in somatic cells in the mouse
Authors: Batdorj Enkhjin , AlOgayil Najla , Zhuang Qinwei Kim-wee , Galvez Jose Hector , Bauermeister Klara , Nagata Kei , Kimura Tohru , Ward Monika A. , Taketo Teruko , Bourque Guillaume , Naumova Anna K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that the presence of the Y chromosome influences DNA methylation of autosomal loci. To better understand the impact of the Y chromosome on autosomal DNA methylation patterns and its contribution to sex bias in methylation, we identified Y chromosome dependent differentially methylated regions (yDMRs) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing methylation data from livers of mice with different combinations of sex-chromosome complement and gonadal sex. Nearly 90% of the autosomal yDMRs mapped to transposable elements (TEs) and most of them had lower methylation in XY compared to XX or XO mice. Follow-up analyses of four reporter autosomal yDMRs showed that Y-dependent methylation levels were consistent across most somatic tissues but varied in strains with different origins of the Y chromosome, suggesting that genetic variation in the Y chromosome influenced methylation levels of autosomal regions. Mice lacking the q-arm of the Y chromosome (B6.NPYq-2) as well as mice with a loss-of-function mutation in Kdm5d showed no differences in methylation levels compared to wild type mice. In conclusion, the Y-linked modifier of TE methylation is likely to reside on the short arm of Y chromosome and further studies are required to identify this gene.
Comparison between an exact and a heuristic neural mass model with second-order synapses
Authors: Clusella Pau , Köksal-Ersöz Elif , Garcia-Ojalvo Jordi , Ruffini Giulio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeural mass models (NMMs) are designed to reproduce the collective dynamics of neuronal populations. A common framework for NMMs assumes heuristically that the output firing rate of a neural population can be described by a static nonlinear transfer function (NMM1). However, a recent exact mean-field theory for quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) neurons challenges this view by showing that the mean firing rate is not a static function of the neuronal state but follows two coupled nonlinear differential equations (NMM2). Here we analyze and compare these two descriptions in the presence of second-order synaptic dynamics. First, we derive the mathematical equivalence between the two models in the infinitely slow synapse limit, i.e., we show that NMM1 is an approximation of NMM2 in this regime. Next, we evaluate the applicability of this limit in the context of realistic physiological parameter values by analyzing the dynamics of models with inhibitory or excitatory synapses. We show that NMM1 fails to reproduce important dynamical features of the exact model, such as the self-sustained oscillations of an inhibitory interneuron QIF network. Furthermore, in the exact model but not in the limit one, stimulation of a pyramidal cell population induces resonant oscillatory activity whose peak frequency and amplitude increase with the self-coupling gain and the external excitatory input. This may play a role in the enhanced response of densely connected networks to weak uniform inputs, such as the electric fields produced by noninvasive brain stimulation.
Prognostic effect of HER2 evolution from primary breast cancer to breast cancer metastases
Authors: Löb Sanja , Linsmeier Eva , Herbert Saskia-Laureen , Schlaiß Tanja , Kiesel Matthias , Wischhusen Jörg , Salmen Jessica , Kranke Peter , Quenzer Anne , Kurz Florian , Weiss Claire , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Wöckel Achim , Diessner Joachim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Therapeutic options for breast cancer (BC) treatment are constantly evolving. The Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2)-low BC entity is a new subgroup, representing about 55% of all BC patients. New antibody–drug conjugates demonstrated promising results for this BC subgroup. Currently, there is limited information about the conversion of HER2 subtypes between primary tumor and recurrent disease.

Methods
This retrospective study included women with BC at the University Medical Centre Wuerzburg from 1998 to 2021. Data were retrieved from patients' records. HER2 evolution from primary diagnosis to the first relapse and the development of secondary metastases was investigated.

Results
In the HR-positive subgroup without HER2 overexpression, HER2-low expression in primary BC was 56.7 vs. 14.6% in the triple-negative subgroup (p < 0.000). In the cohort of the first relapse, HER2-low represented 64.1% of HR-positive vs. 48.2% of the triple-negative cohort (p = 0.03). In patients with secondary metastases, HER2-low was 75.6% vs. 50% in the triple negative subgroup (p = 0.10). The subgroup of HER2-positive breast cancer patients numerically increased in the course of disease; the HER2-negative overall cohort decreased. A loss of HER2 expression from primary BC to the first relapse correlated with a better OS (p = 0.018). No clinicopathological or therapeutic features could be identified as potential risk factors for HER2 conversion.

Conclusion
HER2 expression is rising during the progression of BC disease. In view of upcoming therapeutical options, the re-analysis of newly developed metastasis will become increasingly important.
Whole exome sequencing of 28 families of Danish descent reveals novel candidate genes and pathways in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Dembic Maja , van Brakel Andersen Lars , Larsen Martin Jakob , Mechlenburg Inger , Søballe Kjeld , Hertz Jens Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common condition involving instability of the hip with multifactorial etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical as undetected DDH is an important cause of long-term hip complications. Better diagnostics may be achieved through genetic methods, especially for patients with positive family history. Several candidate genes have been reported but the exact molecular etiology of the disease is yet unknown. In the present study, we performed whole exome sequencing of DDH patients from 28 families with at least two affected first-degree relatives. Four genes previously not associated with DDH (METTL21B, DIS3L2, PPP6R2, and TM4SF19) were identified with the same variants shared among affected family members, in more than two families. Among known association genes, we found damaging variants in DACH1, MYH10, NOTCH2, TBX4, EVC2, OTOG, and SHC3. Mutational burden analysis across the families identified 322 candidate genes, and enriched pathways include the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, ion-binding, and detection of mechanical stimulus. Taken altogether, our data suggest a polygenic mode of inheritance for DDH, and we propose that an impaired transduction of the mechanical stimulus is involved in the etiopathological mechanism. Our findings refine our current understanding of candidate causal genes in DDH, and provide a foundation for downstream functional studies.
Biocatalytic potential of Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis leaves peroxidase for efficient degradation of textile dyes in aqueous medium
Authors: Kalsoom Umme , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Aftab Kiran , Amin Faiza , Jesionowski Teofil , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDye-contaminated wastewater discharge from textile and dye manufacturing industries is reported as a world worse water polluter due to the toxic and mutagenic behavior of dyes. Peroxidase, one of the key enzymes of oxidoreductases, is widely distributed in nature and has been currently exploited in industries for various applications. Widespread applications of peroxidases are associated with their nonspecific nature towards a wide spectrum of substrates such as phenols, aromatic amines, pesticides, antibiotics, and synthetic dyes. The present study explored the potential of ammonium sulfate precipitated partially purified Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis leaves peroxidase for degradation of reactive textile dyes Remazol Turquoise Blue 133 G and Drim Red CL4BN. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH (2–9), temperature (20–70 ℃), enzyme activity (3–24 U/mL), concentrations of H2O2 (0.4–1.4 Mm) and dye (10–100 mg/L) were optimized for enzymatic decolorization of both dyes’ solution. Studies revealed that maximum degradation (95%) of Remazol Turquoise Blue 133 G with peroxidase was achieved with 25 mg/L of initial dye concentration, in the presence of 0.8 mM hydrogen peroxide with 45 min of incubation time, at pH 3, 4, and 5, and 70 °C. Maximal decolorization (97%) of Drim Red CL4BN was obtained at pH 2.0, in 10 min of incubation time at 45 ℃ using o-dianisidine hydrochloride as a redox mediator. In conclusion, the findings illustrate the prospect of Brassica oleracea peroxidase to remediate dye pollutants and dye-based industrial effluents in a green technology theme.
Graphical abstract