bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeons’ Survey of the Aging Face With a Focus on the Aging Nose
Authors: Ehland Elise L. , Ali Khan Husain 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how facial cosmetic surgeons rank different areas of the aging face by comparing those areas for the greatest impact on surgical rejuvenation. It was hypothesized that the nose would be ranked lower than most other areas of the aging face. Materials and Methods: Fifty surveys were included in this study and were completed by surgeons from the following specialties: oral and maxillofacial surgery, oculoplastic surgery, otolaryngology, general surgery, plastic surgery, dermatology, and obstetrics/gynecology. The 12 ranked areas of the face (from 1 to 12) were skin, hair/hairline, brows, periorbital area, nose, ears, cheeks, midface/nasolabial area, dentition, perioral area, lower face/chin/jowls, and neck. Each of these areas of the face was also rated based on the surgeons’ assessment of the level of importance when evaluating and treating the aging face on a 5-level scale, ranging from level 1 (not important) to level 5 (very important). Results: The average rank for the nose was 9.30. The highest average ranking was the periorbital region with 2.74 and the lowest average ranking was the ears at 11.02. The surgeons’ ratings of the nose were 0% for level 1 (not important), 20% for level 2 (slightly important), 30% for level 3 (somewhat important), 26% for level 4 (important), and 16% for level 5 (very important). The average level rating of the nose was 3.413 (somewhat important). In comparison, the highest average rating was for the periorbital region at 4.837 (very important) and the lowest average rating was the ears at 2.957 (somewhat important). Using a significance level of P < .05, the nose is both ranked and rated as less important than 7 out of 11 other areas of the face: the periorbital area, the lower face, the skin, the neck, the midface, the perioral area, and the cheeks. The difference between the ranking and rating of the nose and that of the brows, dentition, hairline, and the ears was not considered significant. Discussion: This study confirmed the hypothesis that when comparing the areas of the aging face that would have the most effect on surgical facial rejuvenation, the nose was ranked lower than most other areas of the face except the ears. The nose undergoes multiple anatomical changes with age that affect both appearance and nasal function. Therefore, the rhinoplasty for the aging nose should not be overlooked as an important contributor to facial rejuvenation and a potential to improve nasal function. Conclusion: The nose is most often considered of lower importance compared with other areas of the face by facial cosmetic surgeons when evaluated for impact on surgical facial rejuvenation.
Prognostic Implication of Pre-Cannulation Cardiac Arrest in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for the Management of Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Whiteside Hoyle L. , Hillerson Dustin , Abdel-Latif Ahmed , Gupta Vedant A. 
Published: July 2022

Background The application of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in contemporary management of cardiogenic shock (CS) has dramatically increased. Despite increased utilization, few predictive models exist to estimate patient survival based on pre-ECMO characteristics. Furthermore, the prognostic implications of pre-ECMO cardiac arrest are not well defined. Methods Utilizing an institutional VA-ECMO database, all consecutive patients undergoing VA-ECMO for the management of CS from January 1, 2014, to July 1, 2019, were identified. Survival to hospital discharge was analyzed based on cannulation indication in patients with and without pre-ECMO cardiac arrest. Patients who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) were analyzed separately. Results Of the 214 patients identified, 110 did not suffer a cardiac arrest prior to cannulation (cohort 1), 57 patients had a cardiac arrest with sustained ROSC (cohort 2), and 47 were cannulated as a component of eCPR (cohort 3). Despite sustained ROSC (cohort 2), the presence of pre-ECMO cardiac arrest was associated with a significant reduction in survival to hospital discharge (22.8% vs. 55.5% in cohort 1; p < 0.001). Comparatively, survival to discharge was similar in patients undergoing eCPR (22.8% vs. 17.0%; p = 0.464). Finally, patients with a cardiac arrest were significantly more likely to have a neurological etiology death with VA-ECMO than patients supported prior to hemodynamic collapse (18.3% vs. 2.7%; p < 0.001). This result is seen in those with sustained ROSC (21.1% vs. 2.7%; p < 0.001) and those with eCPR (14.9% vs. 2.7%; p = 0.004). Conclusion In our cohort, pre-ECMO cardiac arrest carries a negative prognostic value across all indications and is associated with an increased prevalence of neurological-etiology death. This finding is true in patients with sustained ROSC as well as those resuscitated with eCPR. Cardiac arrest can inform survival probability with VA-ECMO as early implementation of VA-ECMO may mitigate adverse outcomes in patients at the highest risk of hemodynamic collapse.
Outcomes From Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Recognition Programs in Early Child Care and Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Schroeder Mary , Gold Abby , Goodman Lenora P. , Wagner Gerit , Pass Molly , Hunt Shanda , Stang Jamie 
Published: July 2022

Objective Recognition programs are designed to incentivize early care and education (ECE) settings to implement childhood obesity prevention standards, yet little is known regarding their efficacy. This scoping review details characteristics, methodologies, and criteria used to evaluate recognition programs, identifies gaps in evaluation, and synthesizes existing evidence. Data Source A public health librarian created the search strategies for six databases: Ovid MEDLINE, AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, PAIS Index, ERIC, and Scopus. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria include recognition program, ECE setting, nutrition or physical activity, and qualitative or quantitative outcomes. Exclusion criteria include programming without recognition component, no ECE setting, no nutrition or physical activity outcome, case studies, or not written in English. Data Extraction Three researchers independently extracted and complied data into an Excel spreadsheet. Data Synthesis Tables were created describing location, recognition program criteria, award incentive, study design, study sample, risk of bias, and outcomes (e.g., menu nutrition) evaluated in each study. Results Three unique recognition programs (described in 7 studies) provided technical assistance, incentives, and training. While outcome measures and study designs varied across programs, it is clear that recognition programs are well accepted and feasible, and one study demonstrated beneficial weight outcomes. Conclusion Although additional evaluation is needed, recognition programs may be a promising strategy to improve obesity prevention practices in ECE.
Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Lamotrigine Using PK-Sim in Predicting the Impact of Drug Interactions and Dosage Adjustment
Authors: Farhan Mohammed , Rani Prathvi , Moledina Fatimazahra , George Thomas , Tummala Hari Prabhath , Mallayasamy Surulivelrajan 
Published: July 2022

Objectives To build a lamotrigine (LTG) physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model (LTG PBPK) and compare it to the clinical data from South Asian Indian patients and use this model to understand the drug interactions of LTG and explore the optimal doses. Methods and Material The PBPK model was developed using the PK-Sim software platform and qualified with LTG plasma concentration data from an Indian study. The European population database was chosen as the patient setting in the software. Physiochemical data of LTG and enzyme kinetic data were incorporated from the literature. Dosing protocols were as per the previous study. Interaction models for drug interactions with carbamazepine and valproate were also simulated. Results Most of the model predicted concentration-time profiles of LTG at steady-state were well within the observed concentrations. The developed models were suitably qualified. The drug interaction model was used to assess the impact of induction and inhibition of the pharmacokinetic profile of LTG. Conclusions The predicted plasma concentrations of the developed PBPK models using the European population database were very similar to the data from Indian patients. The developed LTG PBPK models are applicable in predicting the impact of drug interactions and can yield appropriate LTG doses to be administered.
Treatment of Infected Nonunions With Bone Defects Using Autologous Bone Graft and Absorbable Antibiotic-Loaded Calcium Sulfate–Hydroxyapatite Paste
Authors: Howard Theodore , Reichert Ines , Giddie Jasdeep , Ahluwalia Raju 
Published: July 2022

Background: Revision surgery in the presence of infection carries high risks. We describe our results using a new technique to treat these challenging problems. We treated infected nonunions with cavitary voids with adjuvant antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite paste composite and autologous bone graft (ABG) layer technique coupled with stable fixation. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients who underwent revision foot and ankle surgery for an infected nonunion were prospectively studied. Following multidisciplinary team workup, surgical debridement and biopsies were undertaken. Bone voids were measured and classified according to containment and size. ABG was mixed and layered with an adjuvant antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite paste followed by surgical reconstruction including arthrodesis and fixation. Empirical and pathogen-specific antibiotics were instituted until intraoperative sample-specific antibiotics were identified and used. Patients were prospectively followed up for a minimum of 1 year. Results: The male-female ratio was 16:14, mean age was 51.3 years, and 23.3% smoked at definitive surgery. Void volume was <1 cm3 (n=9), 1-2 cm3 (n = 13), and >2 cm3 (n=8). No patients either were lost to follow-up or had a further infective episode at a mean of 38.3 months; 86.7% united with fusion on imaging. Four patients had radiographic evidence of nonunion; 3 were asymptomatic and 1 required revision surgery (void >2 cm3). Independent ambulation was achieved at an average of 12 weeks, at 1 year mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score was 77.7 (SD 9.59), and the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire reached an effect size >0.5 in all domains at 1 year following surgery. The union rate was independent of smoking status and vitamin D deficiency ( P = .94). Conclusion: Layered autologous bone grafting with adjuvant antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite paste has been shown to be effective and safe in revision arthrodesis, with low comorbidities in void gaps without infection recurrence.
Elevated c-kit expression in failed autologous arteriovenous fistulas in end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Du Jing , Li Yang , Jia Xiaoyan , Kong Xianglei , Liang Liming , Wang Dongmei , Li Anzhuang , Chen Qinlan , Su Hong , Li Wenbin , Xu Dongmei 
Published: July 2022

Background: Serum stem cell factor is elevated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the c-kit receptor, which is the specific membrane receptor of stem cell factor, in failed autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in end-stage renal disease patients. Methods: A total of 14 ESRD patients with initial AVFs creation and 16 ESRD patients with reconstruction were enrolled in this study. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and elastic Verhoeff-Van Gieson (EVG) staining were used for histomorphometric analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of c-kit in the intima, and a correlation analysis was performed with the intimal area and the percentage of area stenosis. A double-label immunofluorescence method was used to explore the colocalization of c-kit with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD31. The expression of c-kit and the related PI3K/Akt signaling axis, including PI3K, P-PI3K, Akt, P-Akt473, P-Akt308, and mTOR, was measured by western blotting. Results: Internal elastic lamina (IEL) area, intimal area, percentage of area stenosis, and average optical density (AOD) of c-kit in the intima were significantly higher in the failed group than in the preoperative group ( p ⩽ 0.001). The AOD of c-kit in the intima was positively correlated with the intimal area and the percentage of stenosis (intimal area: R = 0.744, p < 0.001; the percentage of stenosis: R = 0.923, p < 0.001). C-kit colocalized with α-SMA but not with CD31 in studies of c-kit target cells. Moreover, the levels of c-kit and P-PI3K, P-Akt473 and mTOR in the PI3K/Akt axis were also higher in the failed group than in the initial group ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: C-kit and related proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway were elevated in failed AVFs among ESRD patients and that the expression level of c-kit in the intima correlates with the degree of AVF stenosis.
BioAlign: An Accurate Global PPI Network Alignment Algorithm
Authors: Ayub Umair , Naveed Hammad 
Published: July 2022

Motivation: The advancement of high-throughput PPI profiling techniques results in generating a large amount of PPI data. The alignment of the PPI networks uncovers the relationship between the species that can help understand the biological systems. The comparative study reveals the conserved biological interactions of the proteins across the species. It can also help study the biological pathways and signal networks of the cells. Although several network alignment algorithms are developed to study and compare the PPI data, the development of the aligner that aligns the PPI networks with high biological similarity and coverage is still challenging. Results: This paper presents a novel global network alignment algorithm, BioAlign, that incorporates a significant amount of biological information. Existing studies use global sequence and/or 3D-structure similarity to align the PPI networks. In contrast, BioAlign uses the local sequence similarity, predicted secondary structure motifs, and remote homology in addition to global sequence and 3D-structure similarity. The extra sources of biological information help BioAlign to align the proteins with high biological similarity. BioAlign produces significantly better results in terms of AFS and Coverage (6-32 and 7-34 with respect to MF and BP, respectively) than the existing algorithms. BioAlign aligns a much larger number of proteins that have high biological similarities as compared to the existing aligners. BioAlign helps in studying the functionally similar protein pairs across the species.
Psychometric properties of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale in a sample of Danish schoolchildren
Authors: Hauch Didde , Fjorback Lone Overby , Juul Lise 
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aims of this this study was to examine the psychometric properties, including internal consistency and construct validity, of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) in a sample of Danish schoolchildren aged 10–16 years. Method: A total of 1155 schoolchildren (54% girls) aged 10–16 years ( Mage=12 years, SD=1.3) responded to an electronic questionnaire as part of the Danish SELFCARE study. To examine the internal consistency and construct validity of the SWEMWBS, we performed descriptive statistics, reliability and correlation analyses in Stata as well as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in Mplus. Correlations between scores on the SWEMWBS and scores on scales from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. The analysis was conducted on the general study population and in subgroups divided by sex and class (age groups). Results: CFA confirmed SWEMWBS one-dimensional factor structure, and the model fit the data well (CFI=0.984, TLI=0.97, RMSEA=0.062 and SRMR=0.021). The scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (ɑ=0.78) and composite reliability (ω=0.82). In addition, the scale was shown to have acceptable construct validity. Thus, correlations between scores on the SWEMWBS and SDQ subscales were in line with expectations. Corresponding results were found for subgroups divided by sex and class (age groups). Conclusions: Our study indicates that the Danish translation of the SWEMWBS is valid for measuring well-being among Danish schoolchildren aged 10–16 years. This construct validation study is among the first to validate the SWEMWBS in younger populations.
Early Experience of Undertaking Robotic Assisted Total Mesorectal Excision in Rectal Resections, Avoiding a Diverting Stoma: Key eHancement of the Anastomosis for No Stoma Technique — A Case Series
Authors: Waqas Ahmad , Mykoniatis Ioanis , Sidiqi Najaf , Ahmed Anwar , Stefan Samuel , Naqvi Syed , Harper Mick , Khan Jim 
Published: July 2022

Background. Anastomotic leak is a feared complication in rectal cancer surgery, and a proximal diverting stoma to protect the rectal anastomosis is used to minimize its impact. We evaluated a novel technique that uses the da Vinci® robotic platform (Intuitive Surgical) to reinforce the colorectal anastomosis and rectal staple line with sutures, and rectal resection and assessment of the anastomotic perfusion, using our Portsmouth protocol. Methods. During robotic rectal cancer surgery, we used indocyanine green to determine the level of transection and check the vascularity of the circular anastomosis. The distal transverse staple line and circular staple line of the colorectal anastomosis were reinforced with absorbable interrupted stitches (KHANS technique – Key enHancement of the Anastomosis for No Stoma). The integrity of the colorectal/anal anastomosis was also checked using the underwater air-water leak test, with concomitant flexible sigmoidoscopy to visualize the circular staple line. Results. Fifty patients underwent total mesorectal excision for cancer. Using the KHANS technique, we avoided a diverting stoma in all cases. One patient had a radiological leak, leading to a pelvic abscess. In 56% of cases, the anastomosis was within 5 cm of the anal verge. Median length of stay was 5 (3-34) days, with two 30-day readmissions. No 90-day mortality or 30-day reoperations were observed. Conclusion. The KHANS technique appears feasible, successful, and safe in decreasing the incidence of diverting stomas in rectal resections.
The Effectiveness of Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Ulnar Nerve Release at the Cubital Tunnel
Authors: Zheng Aaron , Fowler John R. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Although the literature supports not using preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for clean soft tissue procedures around the hand, there is limited data for soft tissue procedures around the elbow, such as cubital tunnel release. Complications of postoperative infection include scarring, stiffness, and rarely, amputation. The purpose of this study is to determine if preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis decreases the risk of surgical site infection for cubital tunnel release. Methods: A retrospective review of 919 in situ, subcutaneous transposition, and submuscular transposition cubital tunnel surgery at a tertiary care center was performed. Patient records were searched to determine preoperative antibiotic status and infection within 30 days of surgery. In addition, comorbidities and demographics such as age, race, sex, and past medical history were also identified. Comorbidities with qualitative variables were analyzed with odds ratio, Chi-squared, and Fisher’s Exact test, linear variables analyzed with t-test. Results: There were 5/296 (1.7%) infections in patients without preoperative antibiotics, and 17/623 (2.7%) infections in patients with preoperative antibiotics. Patients who had received preoperative antibiotics had no significant change in infection rate (95% odds ratio: 0.597-1.633). Other variables, such as age, body mass index, race, surgeon, insurance type, diabetes, depression, anxiety, arthritis, concurrent surgeries, and hyperlipidemia were also not significant for risk of infection. Conclusions: Preoperative antibiotics do not demonstrate benefit for patients undergoing uncomplicated ulnar nerve releases at the elbow. Preoperative antibiotics do not significantly decrease the risk for postoperative infections in patients, regardless of patient comorbidities. Type of Evidence: Level 4—retrospective study
Investigation of the clinical effects of acipimox in patients with vulnerable carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Wu Lin , Huang Weiyi , Liu Xiaoxiao , Yang Baochun 
Published: July 2022

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of acipimox in patients with vulnerable carotid atherosclerosis. Methods 80 patients with vulnerable carotid atherosclerosis who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology in Wuxi Second People’s Hospital between February 2020 and October 2021 were enrolled in this study. All of these patients were randomly divided into an observation group ( n = 40), who were given acipimox and conventional treatment, and a control group ( n = 40), who were given conventional treatment. The levels of blood lipids and adiponectin (APN), the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), the area, thickness and number of CAS, peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end-diastolic blood velocity (EDV) of common carotid artery (CCA), and the level of inflammatory markers were measured and compared between the two groups pretherapy and posttreatment. Then, the adverse events were collected and compared between the two groups posttreatment. Results The demographics and basic clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. At posttreatment, the levels of TC, LDL-C, ANP, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at posttreatment. Moreover, the IMT and the area and thickness of CAS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. After treatment, PSV was lower and EDV was higher in two groups than before treatment; after treatment, compared with control group, PSV in observation group was lower, while EDV was higher. Most importantly, the rate of adverse events was similar in the two groups. Conclusions Acipimox reduced the blood lipid levels in patients with vulnerable carotid atherosclerosis. It also stabilized vulnerable plaques and reduced CAS.