bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best practices for the development and fit-for-purpose validation of biomarker methods: a conference report
Authors: Mathews Joel , Amaravadi Lakshmi , Eck Steven , Stevenson Lauren , Wang Yow-Ming C. , Devanarayan Viswanath , Allinson John , Lundsten Kelly , Gunsior Michele , Ni Yan G. , Pepin Marc-Olivier , Gagnon Audrey , Sheldon Curtis , Trampont Paul C. , Litwin Virginia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis conference report summarized a full-day workshop, “best practices for the development and fit-for-purpose validation of biomarker methods,” which was held prior to the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) PharmSci360 Congress, San Antonio, TX, November 2019. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together thought leaders in biomarker assay development in order to identify which assay parameters and key statistical measures need to be considered when developing a biomarker assay. A diverse group of more than 40 scientists participated in the workshop. The workshop and subsequent working dinner stimulated robust discussion. While a consensus on best practices was not achieved, some common themes and major points to consider for biomarker assay development have been identified and agreed on. The focus of this conference report is to summarize the presentations and discussions which occurred at the workshop. Biomarker assay validation is a complex and an evolving area with discussions ongoing.
Defining RASopathy
Authors: Rauen Katherine A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The term RASopathy was originally created to describe a phenotypically similar group of medical genetic syndromes caused by germline pathogenic variants in components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway. In defining a RASopathy syndrome, one needs to consider the complex nature of the RAS/MAPK pathway, the numerous genes and regulatory components involved, its crosstalk with other signaling pathways and the phenotypic spectrum among these syndromes. Three main guiding principles to the definition should be considered. First, a RASopathy is a clinical syndrome with overlapping phenotypic features caused by germline pathogenic variants associated with the RAS/MAPK pathway. Second, a RASopathy is caused by multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, all of which lead to a similar outcome of RAS/MAPK pathway activation/dysregulation. Finally, because a RASopathy has dysfunctional germline RAS/MAPK pathway activation/dysregulation, it may, therefore, be amenable to treatment with pathway modulators.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-Pyridine Mono(thio)carbohydrazones as Promising Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents. Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Mrđan Gorana , Tot Aleksandar , Vraneš Milan , Rašeta Milena , Knežević Petar , Verbić Tatjana , Matijević Borko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Four new derivatives of 2-pyridine mono(thio)carbohydrazones were synthesized by condensation of carbaldehydes with carbohydrazide and thiocarbohydrazide following a known procedure. Compounds obtained were characterized using FT-IR, NMR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their purity was determined by elemental analysis. Within the investigation of biological activity, four derivatives were subjected to antioxidative and antimicrobial studies, showing significant results. All obtained results concerning biological activity were supported by TD-DFT calculations. Comparing, monothiocarbohydrazones have shown much better activity than monocarbohydrazones. As a part of the characterization of potentially biologically active compounds ionization constants of synthesized compounds were theoretically predicted, experimentally determined and their mutual similarities i.e. differences were confirmed with NBO analysis.
Plausible Screening Using Functional Properties for Simulations with Large Solution Spaces
Authors: Eckman David J. , Plumlee Matthew , Nelson Barry L. 
Published: February 2022

Simulation Solution Screening Using Functional Properties Simulation models today give rise to problems with large numbers of simulated scenarios or solutions—more than can be simulated exhaustively. Fortunately, users of these models may be able to verify or infer properties, such as convexity, of a performance measure of interest when viewed as a function over the space of solutions. In “Plausible Screening Using Functional Properties for Simulations with Large Solution Spaces,” Eckman, Plumlee and Nelson introduce a framework in which such properties are exploited to avoid simulating solutions with unacceptable performances. Their methods solve optimization problems that measure how well the result of a limited simulation experiment agrees with the claim that a solution is acceptable. These methods deliver desirable statistical guarantees of confidence and consistency. Numerical experiments illustrate how functional properties coupled with small simulation experiments can avoid many simulations for simulation-optimization problems.
Detection of terpenoids and steroids in Lindsaea obtusa with thin layer chromatography
Authors: WUTSQA YUSFIA URWATUL , SURATMAN SURATMAN , SARI SITI LUSI ARUM 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Wutsqa YU, Suratman, Sari SA. 2021. Detection of terpenoids and steroids in Lindsaea obtusa with thin layer chromatography. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 65-69. The diversity of ferns on this earth is very high, and the potential and benefits for human life are ornamental plants, food materials, and medicines. The benefits of not all ferns are known because of the lack of information on these ferns, one of the ferns is Lindsaea obtusa J. Sm. Ex Hook. The phytochemical test is the first step in research, searching for new active compounds derived from natural ingredients. This study was conducted to determine the differences of terpenoid and steroid compounds profile in L. obtusa extract using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Extraction of L. obtusa using maceration techniques with methanol and n-hexane solvents. The extraction results will be used for phytochemical screening using the TLC technique with GF254 silica gel plate as a stationary phase, and a mobile phase is chloroform: n-hexane (9: 1 v/v), n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4: 1 v/v), and methanol: ethyl acetate (5: 1 v/v). Detection of terpenoid and steroids using Lieberman Burchard reagent. The result shows that L. obtusa extract contains terpenoid and steroid compounds. Quantitatively, the secondary metabolites of L. obtusa extract were soluble in methanol solvent more than the soluble compounds in n-hexane solvent. However, qualitatively, steroid compounds that dissolve in n-hexane solvents have a more varied Rf value than terpenoids, especially in the mobile phase of chloroform: n-hexane (9: 1 v/v) and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4: 1 v/v). L. obtusa contains more various steroid compounds than terpenoid compounds.
Short-Term Changes of Frailty in Prematurely Aging Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Lin Shu-Yuan , Tseng Hui-Chen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate short-term changes of frailty in adults and identify predictors of frailty and disability changes between baseline and the follow-up. A cohort study was conducted in 85 adults with intellectual disability (ID) in southern Taiwan. Variables of frailty phenotype, Barthel Index, fall, comorbidity, and hospitalization were measured at baseline and at a 9-month follow-up. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and generalized linear model technique were used for data analysis. The percentages of frailty and pre-frail conditions were high at baseline. Improvement or deterioration on frailty was noticed in 37.6% of participants. Disability and comorbidity were significant predictors to changes in frailty, and severity of ID and frailty conditions were significant predictors to changes in disability.
Compound Caregiving: Toward a Research Agenda
Authors: Lee Chung Eun , Burke Meghan M. , Perkins Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aging family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have unique circumstances setting them apart from the general caregiving population. Such differences include the extensive duration of the caregiving, and health concerns that manifest in the caregiver and individuals with IDD over time. Because of increasing longevity, family caregivers are likely to become compound caregivers (i.e., individuals caregiving for multiple people). Almost 70% of family caregivers of individuals with IDD experience compound caregiving, yet we know very little about compound caregiving. In this article, we highlight the importance of supporting compound caregivers by identifying research issues that address current challenges and future directions. Implications for research are noted, including the need for multidimensional outcome measures and longitudinal studies.
Obesity and risk of female reproductive conditions: A Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Venkatesh Samvida S. , Ferreira Teresa , Benonisdottir Stefania , Rahmioglu Nilufer , Becker Christian M. , Granne Ingrid , Zondervan Krina T. , Holmes Michael V. , Lindgren Cecilia M. , Wittemans Laura B. L. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundObesity is observationally associated with altered risk of many female reproductive conditions. These include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, infertility, and pregnancy-related disorders. However, the roles and mechanisms of obesity in the aetiology of reproductive disorders remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to estimate observational and genetically predicted causal associations between obesity, metabolic hormones, and female reproductive disorders.Methods and findingsLogistic regression, generalised additive models, and Mendelian randomisation (MR) (2-sample, non-linear, and multivariable) were applied to obesity and reproductive disease data on up to 257,193 women of European ancestry in UK Biobank and publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and WHR adjusted for BMI were observationally (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.02–1.87 per 1-SD increase in obesity trait) and genetically (ORs = 1.06–2.09) associated with uterine fibroids (UF), PCOS, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and pre-eclampsia. Genetically predicted visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was associated with the development of HMB (OR [95% CI] per 1-kg increase in predicted VAT mass = 1.32 [1.06–1.64],P= 0.0130), PCOS (OR [95% CI] = 1.15 [1.08–1.23],P= 3.24 × 10−05), and pre-eclampsia (OR [95% CI] = 3.08 [1.98–4.79],P= 6.65 × 10−07). Increased waist circumference posed a higher genetic risk (ORs = 1.16–1.93) for the development of these disorders and UF than did increased hip circumference (ORs = 1.06–1.10). Leptin, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance each mediated between 20% and 50% of the total genetically predicted association of obesity with pre-eclampsia. Reproductive conditions clustered based on shared genetic components of their aetiological relationships with obesity. This study was limited in power by the low prevalence of female reproductive conditions among women in the UK Biobank, with little information on pre-diagnostic anthropometric traits, and by the susceptibility of MR estimates to genetic pleiotropy.ConclusionsWe found that common indices of overall and central obesity were associated with increased risks of reproductive disorders to heterogenous extents in a systematic, large-scale genetics-based analysis of the aetiological relationships between obesity and female reproductive conditions. Our results suggest the utility of exploring the mechanisms mediating the causal associations of overweight and obesity with gynaecological health to identify targets for disease prevention and treatment.
The impact of pictorial health warnings on purchases of sugary drinks for children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hall Marissa G. , Grummon Anna H. , Higgins Isabella C. A. , Lazard Allison J. , Prestemon Carmen E. , Avendaño-Galdamez Mirian I. , Taillie Lindsey Smith 
Published: February 2022

Background
Pictorial warnings on tobacco products are promising for motivating behavior change, but few studies have examined pictorial warnings for sugary drinks, especially in naturalistic environments. This study aimed to examine the impact of pictorial warnings on parents’ purchases of sugary drinks for their children in a naturalistic store laboratory.

Methods and findings
Parents of children ages 2 to 12 (n = 325, 25% identifying as Black, 20% Hispanic) completed a shopping task in a naturalistic store laboratory in North Carolina. Participants were randomly assigned to a pictorial warnings arm (sugary drinks displayed pictorial health warnings about type 2 diabetes and heart damage) or a control arm (sugary drinks displayed a barcode label). Parents selected 1 beverage and 1 snack for their child, as well as 1 household good; one of these items was selected for them to purchase and take home. The primary outcome was whether parents purchased a sugary drink for their child. Secondary outcomes included reactions to the trial labels, attitudes toward sugary drinks, and intentions to serve their child sugary drinks. Pictorial warnings led to a 17-percentage point reduction in purchases of sugary drinks (95% CI for reduction: 7% to 27%), with 45% of parents in the control arm buying a sugary drink for their child compared to 28% in the pictorial warning arm (p = 0.002). The impact of pictorial warnings on purchases did not differ by any of the 13 participant characteristics examined (e.g., race/ethnicity, income, education, and age of child). Pictorial warnings also led to lower calories (kcal), purchased from sugary drinks (82 kcal in the control arm versus 52 kcal in the pictorial warnings arm, p = 0.003). Moreover, pictorial warnings led to lower intentions to serve sugary drinks to their child, feeling more in control of healthy eating decisions, greater thinking about the harms of sugary drinks, stronger negative emotional reactions, greater anticipated social interactions, lower perceived healthfulness of sugary drinks for their child, and greater injunctive norms to limit sugary drinks for their child (all p < 0.05). There was no evidence of difference between trial arms on noticing of the labels, appeal of sugary drinks, perceived amount of added sugar in sugary drinks, risk perceptions, or perceived tastiness of sugary drinks (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Pictorial warnings reduced parents’ purchases of sugary drinks for their children in this naturalistic trial. Warnings on sugary drinks are a promising policy approach to reduce sugary drink purchasing in the US.

Trial registration
The trial design, measures, power calculation, and analytic plan were registered before data collection at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT04223687.
Risks of specific congenital anomalies in offspring of women with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies including over 80 million births
Authors: Zhang Tie-Ning , Huang Xin-Mei , Zhao Xin-Yi , Wang Wei , Wen Ri , Gao Shan-Yan 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) has been known to be a risk factor for congenital heart defects (CHDs) for decades. However, the associations between maternal PGDM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of specific types of CHDs and congenital anomalies (CAs) in other systems remain under debate. We aimed to investigate type-specific CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and to examine the extent to which types of maternal diabetes are associated with increased risk of CAs in offspring.Methods and findingsWe searched PubMed and Embase from database inception to 15 October 2021 for population-based studies reporting on type-specific CAs in offspring born to women with PGDM (combined type 1 and 2) or GDM, with no limitation on language. Reviewers extracted data for relevant outcomes and performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and multivariable meta-regression. Risk of bias appraisal was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021229217). Primary outcomes were overall CAs and CHDs. Secondary outcomes were type-specific CAs. Overall, 59 population-based studies published from 1990 to 2021 with 80,437,056 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of the participants, 2,407,862 (3.0%) women had PGDM and 2,353,205 (2.9%) women had GDM. The meta-analyses showed increased risks of overall CAs/CHDs in offspring born to women with PGDM (for overall CAs, relative risk [RR] = 1.99, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.17,P< 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 3.46, 95% CI 2.77 to 4.32,P< 0.001) or GDM (for overall CAs, RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23,P< 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.64,P< 0.001). The results of the meta-regression analyses showed significant differences in RRs of CAs/CHDs in PGDM versus GDM (allP< 0.001). Of the 23 CA categories, excluding CHD-related categories, in offspring, maternal PGDM was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAs in 21 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.57 (for hypospadias, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) to 18.18 (for holoprosencephaly, 95% CI 4.03 to 82.06). Maternal GDM was associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of CAs in 9 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.14 (for limb reduction, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) to 5.70 (for heterotaxia, 95% CI 1.09 to 29.92). The main limitation of our analysis is that some high significant heterogeneity still persisted in both subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed an increased rate of CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and noted the differences for PGDM versus GDM. The RRs of overall CAs and CHDs in offspring of women with PGDM were higher than those in offspring of women with GDM. Screening for diabetes in pregnant women may enable better glycemic control, and may enable identification of offspring at risk for CAs.
Silver diamine fluoride and oral health-related quality of life: A review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard , Whittemore Rachel , Grochecki Martyna , Bateson Jillian , Barry Godín Tamarinda J. 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective non-surgical treatment for dental caries which may also impact oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The objective of this study was to conduct a network meta-analysis of SDF versus other standard of care therapies on OHRQoL.

Data sources
Studies published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, or Web of Science through July 2021 with no date or language restrictions.

Study selection
Any randomized controlled trial, cohort, or case-control study that included silver diamine fluoride as either a single or combinative treatment for dental caries and a quantitatively measured outcome for oral health-related quality of life was included.

Data extraction and synthesis
Potentially eligible studies were screened by two independent reviewers trained in conducting systematic reviews. Studies meeting inclusion criteria underwent a full-text review with data being extracted using a standardized form, including publication details, study methodology, outcomes, assessors, and sample information. Studies underwent a risk of bias assessment. Quantitative synthesis was performed using fixed effects meta-analysis and individual comparisons were assessed via network meta-analysis.

Main outcome(s) and measure(s)
Oral health-related quality of life.

Results
19 articles were returned following search strategies. Following screening, ten studies were evaluated for full-text eligibility and five were retained for meta-analyses. Results across all treatments indicate no differences in OHRQoL when compared to SDF (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.08). Direct and indirect estimates from network meta-analysis indicated that OHRQoL in children was not significantly different when treated with SDF versus atraumatic restorations (d = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.32, 0.36) or placebo (d = 0.03, 95% CI = -0.16, 0.22).

Conclusions
Evidence from the literature consistently shows no discernible impact on OHRQoL across various non-surgical treatments for dental caries. Overall oral health-related quality of life may increase regardless of treatment protocol due to treatment of the underlying disease. Concerns over the staining of dental decay and oral mucosa resulting from treatment with silver diamine fluoride do not seem to affect OHRQoL.
Drop-cast graphene-p3ht composite for flexible electronics applied over polyethylene terephthalate obtained from one-use plastic bottles
Authors: Cruz Brandon , Can-Ortíz Alejandro , Valdez-Nava Zarel , Gómez Idalia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A graphene composite material suitable for facile drop-casting into flexible, conductive thin film electrodes from aqueous solution under ambient conditions is reported. This composite was applied to a polyethylene terephthalate substrate obtained from soda bottles. A solution of reduced graphene oxide with few layers (∼6 layers) was synthesized. The composites were prepared in two steps, first applying the reduced graphene oxide with surfactant and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) and then, solutions of poly-3-hexylthiophene with three different concentrations. Mild annealing was required only for the first step. The composite films exhibit more stability (mechanical and electrical) in bending tests when an intermediate amount of poly-3-hexylthiophene is applied. This composite is found attractive for flexible optoelectronic applications, promoting the reuse of one-use plastics.
Image-guided surgery and novel intraoperative devices for enhanced visualisation in general and paediatric surgery: a review
Authors: Privitera Laura , Paraboschi Irene , Dixit Divyansh , Arthurs Owen J , Giuliani Stefano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fluorescence guided surgery, augmented reality, and intra-operative imaging devices are rapidly pervading the field of surgical interventions, equipping the surgeon with powerful tools capable of enhancing the surgical visualisation of anatomical normal and pathological structures. There is a wide range of possibilities in the adult population to use these novel technologies and devices in the guidance for surgical procedures and minimally invasive surgeries. Their applications and their use have also been increasingly growing in the field of paediatric surgery, where the detailed visualisation of small anatomical structures could reduce procedure time, minimising surgical complications and ultimately improve the outcome of surgery. This review aims to illustrate the mechanisms underlying these innovations and their main applications in the clinical setting.
Automatic control of computer application data processing system based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Hong , Hao Lixia , Sharma Amit , Kukkar Ashima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo shorten the travel time and improve comfort, the automatic train driving system is considered to replace manual driving. In this article, an automatic control method of computer application data-processing system based on artificial intelligence is proposed. An automatic train operation (ATO) introduced the structure and function of an autopilot system (train), optimized the train running on the target curve, introduced the basic principle of fuzzy generalized predictive control (PC) algorithm, and combined with the characteristics of ATO system design the speed controller based on optimization algorithm, the target curve to make use of the designed controller to track and simulation validation. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that when the train runs to 90 s, the displacement difference reaches about 40 m, which proves that the fuzzy PC has better displacement tracking, punctual arrival, and higher stopping accuracy.