bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Carotid Body Tumors: Data from the Carotid Paraganglioma Cooperative International Registry (CAPACITY) Group
Authors: Gonzalez‐Urquijo Mauricio , Viteri‐Pérez Victor Hugo , Becerril‐Gaitan Andrea , Hinojosa‐Gonzalez David , Enríquez‐Vega María Elizabeth , Soto Vaca Guzmán Ivan Walter , Valda‐Ameller Gregorio Eloy , de Jesús García‐Pérez José , Vaquero‐Puerta Carlos , Jaramillo‐Vergara Victor Hugo , Cisneros‐Tinoco Miguel Angel , Santoscoy‐Ibarra Joaquin Miguel , Fabiani Mario Alejandro ,   CAPACITY, Cárdenas‐Figueroa Edgar Geovanny , Borja‐Rojas Verónica Elizabeth , Salinas‐Ramos Ingrid Valeria , Gonzalez‐Valladares Alfonso Juan , Katherine‐Perez Aneiva Claudia , Bañuelos‐Gutierrez Gael , Garcia‐Palafox Jesus Isaias , Gardeazabal‐Diaz Gregorio Fernando , López‐Aldayuz César Armando , Barajas‐Colón José Ángel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study's objective was to conduct a multinational registry of patients with carotid body tumors (CBTs) and to analyze patients’ clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes.MethodsRetrospective study from the Carotid Paraganglioma Cooperative International Registry involving eleven medical centers in Bolivia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Spain, of all patients with a CBT who underwent resection between 2009 and 2019.ResultsA total of 1432 patients with a CBT surgically treated were included. Median patient age was 54 years (range: 45–63 years), and 82.9% (1184) of the study cohort were female. While at low altitude, the proportion of female‐to‐male cases was 2:1, at high altitude, this proportion increased to 8:1, with statistically significant differences (p = .022). Median operative time was 139 min (range: 110–180 min), while median operative blood loss was 250 ml (range: 100–500 ml), with statistically significant difference in increased blood loss (p = .001) and operative time (p = .001) with a higher Shamblin classification. Eight (0.6%) patients suffered stroke. Univariate analysis analyzing for possible factors associated with increased odds of stroke revealed intraoperative vascular lesion to present an OR of 2.37 [CI 95%; 1.19–4.75] (p = 0.001). In 245 (17.1%), a cranial nerve injury was reported. Seven (0.5%) deaths were recorded.ConclusionThe most common CBT type on this cohort was hyperplasic, which might be partially explained by the high altitudes where these patients lived. Increased blood loss and operative time were associated with a higher Shamblin classification, and the risk of stroke was associated with patients presenting transoperative vascular lesions.
Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Appendectomy: Trends, Risk Factors and Outcomes. A 15‐Year Single‐Center Analysis of 2193 Adult Patients
Authors: Monrabal Lezama Manuela , Casas María A. , Angeramo Cristian A. , Bras Harriott Camila , Schlottmann Francisco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has become the standard of care for the management of acute appendicitis in adult patients. Despite the increasing experience in laparoscopy, conversion to open surgery might still occur. We aimed to identify preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for conversion and determine surgical outcomes in this population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients undergoing LA during the period 2006–2020. The cohort was divided into two groups: patients who underwent a fully laparoscopic appendectomy (FLA) and patients who were converted to open appendectomy (CA). Demographics, perioperative variables and postoperative outcomes were compared between both groups. Independent risk factors for conversion were determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 2193 patients were included for analysis; 2141 (98%) underwent FLA and 52 (2%) CA. Conversion rates decreased significantly over time (p = 0.006). Patients with CA had significantly higher overall postoperative morbidity rates (FLA 14.9% vs. CA 48.0%, p < 0.0001) and longer mean length of hospital stay (FLA 1.7 vs. CA 5 days). In the multivariate analysis, obesity (p < 0.001), previous abdominal operations (p = 0.013), peritonitis (p = 0.003) and complicated appendicitis (p < 0.001) were independent risk factor for conversion.ConclusionsAlthough conversion from laparoscopic to open appendectomy is infrequent and has decreased over time, it is associated with significantly higher postoperative morbidity. Patients with previous abdominal operations, obesity and complicated appendicitis should be thoroughly advised about the higher risk of conversion.
Phenotypical variability of the sigmoid sinus in translabyrinthine and retrosigmoid surgeries
Authors: Al-Fauri Maryna , Lee Daniel , Kelly Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
We hypothesized that the cranial phenotype influences the shape of the posterior cranial fossa and the relative position of the sigmoid sinus.

Materials and methods
The topography of the sigmoid sinus was studied on 26 magnetic resonance venograms and 35 embalmed cadavers by morphometric analysis, dissection, and photo modeling techniques.

Results
The data show that the transverse diameter of the posterior cranial fossa correlates positively with the laterolateral diameter of the skull. The majority of cases with the low-anterior position of the sigmoid sinus were recorded in the brachycephalic group (82%), while the high-posterior localization of the sigmoid sinus was typical for the dolichocephalic patients (63%). The results of the ANOVA test confirm the significance of differences.

Conclusions
The shape of the skull reflects the morphology of the posterior cranial fossa and influences the topographic characteristics of the sigmoid sinus that must be considered in the selection of surgical approach to the inner ear and pontocerebellar angle.
MHz burst mode processing as a tool for achieving removal rates scalability in ultrashort laser micro-machining
Authors: Le Hoang , Karkantonis Themistoklis , Nasrollahi Vahid , Penchev Pavel , Dimov Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe average power of ultrashort laser source has been increasing continuously and, therefore, solutions are required to employ fully these technology advances for improving the ablation efficiency in laser micro-processing. The use of burst mode processing is one of the solutions that has attracted a significant research and industrial interest in the past decade. A novel empirical methodology is proposed and implemented in this research to assess the MHz burst mode impact on the specific removal rate (SRR) and processing efficiency in ultrashort laser micro-machining. Especially, the capability of the MHz burst mode processing is investigated to scale up SRRs achievable on copper and stainless steel while utilising fully the available maximum pulse energy and average laser power. The results showed that the MHz burst mode offer a significant SRR scalability potential that can be attributed to beneficial near optimum fluence level and other side effects such as heat accumulation. Also, it is evidenced from the obtained results that the surface quality attained with the burst mode processing was comparable to that achieved with the single-pulse processing and even better at some specific process settings. Thus, the obtained SRR improvements were not in expense of the surface quality and the MHz bust mode processing represents a promising solution to employ fully the constantly increasing average power in ultrashort laser processing operations.
Borda-optimal taxation of labour income
Authors: Ivanov Asen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI numerically compute Borda-optimal, i.e., optimal based on the Borda count as the normative criterion, labour-income tax schedules for the United States. I do so in the context of a Mirrlees-style model with quasilinear preferences and a constant elasticity of labour supply. Because the Borda count is defined for finitely many alternatives, the computations restrict attention to a finite subset of the set of continuous, piecewise linear tax schedules with (in the baseline analysis) four or fewer pieces.
In vitro growth (IVG) of human ovarian follicles in frozen thawed ovarian cortex tissue culture supplemented with follicular fluid under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Schallmoser Andreas , Einenkel Rebekka , Färber Cara , Sänger Nicole 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite its clinical success rates, transplantation after ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) remains a matter of concern. Certain cancer subtypes may lead to the transfer of malignant cells when transplantation of affected ovarian tissue is conducted. IVG and subsequent isolation of vital follicles obtained from frozen thawed ovarian tissue for further in vitro maturation (IVM) would expand current fertility protection techniques while reducing the risk of retransplanting malignant cells.

Methods
A total of 216 cortical biopsies from 3 patients were included in this study in 4 treatment groups. After freezing, thawing and 8 days of hypoxic tissue culture supplemented with different concentrations of human follicular fluid (HuFF) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), follicles were isolated enzymatically and stained with calcein to determine follicular viability. Numbers and size of vital follicles were assessed by fluorescence microscopy (Ti2, Nikon) and specified by computer assisted, semi-automated measurement (NIS software, Nikon). To estimate the effect of in vitro culture on apoptosis, tissue sections were stained for nicked DNA (TUNEL) prior and after tissue culture.

Results
Analysing 3025 vital follicles, we observed significant differences [P < 0.01] regarding follicle size when hypoxic tissue culture was supplemented with HuFF compared with the control group on day 1, individual follicles reached sizes > 100 µm.

Conclusions
The results implicate that HuFF contains valuable factors contributing to significant IVG of follicles in human ovarian tissue and could be regarded as an additional tool in personalized fertility restoration prior to retransplantation of ovarian tissue.
Chorda tympani injury during endoscopic versus microscopic stapes surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Moneir Waleed , Eladl Hesham Mohamed , El-Okda Moataz Mohammed , Ebada Hisham Atef 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the incidence of chorda tympani nerve (CTN) injury between endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery.MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial included 88 patients who were randomly divided into two groups: endoscopic stapedotomy group (n = 44) and microscopic stapedotomy group (n = 44). The incidence of chorda tympani nerve (CTN) injury after surgery was determined by both subjective taste testing and chemical taste tests, before and after surgery. The results were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe total number of patients who were identified as having CTN affection (based on the chemical testing) was 16 out of 88 (18.2%). The incidence was significantly lower in the endoscopic group (n = 2) than the microscopic group (n = 14) (p = 0.019).ConclusionAltered taste as a result of iatrogenic CTN injury can affect the patients’ quality of life. Endoscopic ear surgery offers better visualization, less need for extensive manipulation of the chorda tympani, and consequently decreased incidence of CTN injury.
Factors Affecting Domiciliary Non-Invasive Ventilation Compliance
Authors: Shah Amar J. , Florman Katia , Kaushal Nitika , Kwong Hiu Fung , Karoshi Akul , White Laura , Walker Ryan , Lin Yan-Pin , Ko Ho Juen , Saigal Anita , Devani Nikesh , Mansell Stephanie K. , Mandal Swapna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFew international studies have investigated factors affecting domiciliary non-invasive ventilation (D-NIV) compliance, and data from the UK are limited. We assessed compliance (defined as ≥ 4 h/night for at least 70% of the time) in a retrospective UK population study, at three time points (0–1 month, 3–4 months and 11–12 months), for all patients commenced on D-NIV over a 5-year period. A total of 359 patients were included. Non-compliant vs. compliant patients were significantly younger (median age 64 (IQR 52–72) vs. 67 (58–75) years, p = 0.032) and more likely to have schizophrenia, consistent at both 3–4 months (5% vs. 1%, p = 0.033) and 11–12 months (5% vs. 2%, p = 0.049). Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that the minutes [median (IQR)] of D-NIV used significantly increased at the three time points (0–1 month, 3–4 months and 11–12 months) for patients with hypertension [310 (147.5–431) vs. 341 (89–450) vs. 378 (224.5–477.5), p = 0.003]; diabetes [296.5 (132.5–417.5) vs. 342.5 (94.5–438.5) vs. 382 (247.5–476.25), p = 0.002] and heart failure [293 (177–403) vs. 326 (123–398) vs. 365 (212–493), p = 0.04]. In conclusion, younger and comorbid schizophrenic patients have lower D-NIV compliance rates, and our data suggest that persistence with D-NIV over a year may improve overall use.
The network of the subjective experience in embodiment phenomena
Authors: Tosi Giorgia , Romano Daniele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Body illusions are designed to temporarily alter body representation by embodying fake bodies or part of them. Despite their large use, the embodiment questionnaires have been validated only for the embodiment of fake hands in the rubber hand illusion (RHI).

Methods
With the current study, we aimed at (1) extending the validation of embodiment questionnaires to a different illusory situation e.g., the full-body illusion (FBI); (2) comparing two methods to explore the questionnaires structures: a classic exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a modern exploratory graph analysis (EGA). 118 healthy participants completed an FBI procedure where the subjective experience of embodiment was measured with a standard questionnaire.

Results
The EFA results in two-factor structures. However, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) fit indices do not show a good fit with the data. Conversely, the EGA identified four communities: ownership, agency, co-location and disembodiment; the solution was confirmed by a CFA.

Conlcusions
Overall, the EGA seems to be the best fitting method for the present data. Our results confirm the EGA as a suitable substitute for a more classical EFA. Moreover, the emerged structure suggests that the FBI induces similar effects to the RHI, implying that the embodiment sensations are common to different illusory methods.
Early mortality factors in immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Eiji , Kondo Kensuke , Okano Yoshio , Kunishige Michihiro , Kondo Yoshihiro , Kadota Naoki , Machida Hisanori , Hatakeyama Nobuo , Naruse Keishi , Ogino Hirokazu , Nokihara Hiroshi , Shinohara Tsutomu , Nishioka Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a promising treatment, but may cause hyperprogressive disease and early death. The present study investigated early mortality factors in ICI monotherapy for lung cancer.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and treated with ICI monotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University. Early death was defined as patients who died within 60 days of ICI treatment.

Results
A total of 166 patients were included. The majority of patients (87%) had an Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) Performance status (PS) of 0/1. There were 21 early deaths. Significant differences were observed in ECOG PS, the histological type, liver metastasis, tumor size, the white blood cell count, neutrophils (%), lymphocytes (%), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in serum (sNLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin between the groups with or without early death. Univariate logistic regression analyses identified ECOG PS score ≥ 2, liver metastasis, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, neutrophils ≥ 69%, lymphocytes < 22%, sNLR ≥ 4, CRP ≥ 1 mg/dl, and albumin < 3.58 g/dl as significant risk factors for early death. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that liver metastasis (Odds ratio [OR], 10.3; p = 0.008), ECOG PS score ≥ 2 (OR, 8.0; p = 0.007), and a smoking history (OR, 0.1; p = 0.03) were significant risk factors for early death.

Conclusion
Liver metastases, ECOG PS score ≥ 2, and a non-smoking history are early mortality factors in ICI monotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Reliable detection of compressed and encrypted data
Authors: De Gaspari Fabio , Hitaj Dorjan , Pagnotta Giulio , De Carli Lorenzo , Mancini Luigi V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral cybersecurity domains, such as ransomware detection, forensics and data analysis, require methods to reliably identify encrypted data fragments. Typically, current approaches employ statistics derived from byte-level distribution, such as entropy estimation, to identify encrypted fragments. However, modern content types use compression techniques which alter data distribution pushing it closer to the uniform distribution. The result is that current approaches exhibit unreliable encryption detection performance when compressed data appear in the dataset. Furthermore, proposed approaches are typically evaluated over few data types and fragment sizes, making it hard to assess their practical applicability. This paper compares existing statistical tests on a large, standardized dataset and shows that current approaches consistently fail to distinguish encrypted and compressed data on both small and large fragment sizes. We address these shortcomings and design EnCoD, a learning-based classifier which can reliably distinguish compressed and encrypted data. We evaluate EnCoD on a dataset of 16 different file types and fragment sizes ranging from 512B to 8KB. Our results highlight that EnCoD outperforms current approaches by a wide margin, with accuracy ranging from $$\sim 82\%$$

∼
82
%

for 512B fragments up to $$\sim 92\%$$

∼
92
%

for 8KB data fragments. Moreover, EnCoD can pinpoint the exact format of a given data fragment, rather than performing only binary classification like previous approaches.
Transport and mechanical behavior in PEO-LLZO composite electrolytes
Authors: Kim Hong-Keun , Barai Pallab , Chavan Kanchan , Srinivasan Venkat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComposite solid electrolytes (CEs), wherein ion-conducting polymer and ceramic/glass is mixed, are promising candidates for all-solid-state batteries due to their promise of acceptable ionic conductivity and mechanical properties compared to their individual constituents. While numerous studies have focused on improving the performance of CEs, it is still unclear what the material targets are that can result in improved macroscopic performance especially in light of the coupled needs for high transport and high mechanical strength in these materials. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) mathematical model is developed to investigate electrochemical and mechanical characteristics of CEs. The model is compared to CEs consisting of poly-ethylene-oxide (PEO) polymer and lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) ceramic material with examination of the impact of varying LLZO volume fractions. The potential drop at the PEO-LLZO interface is evaluated using the junction potential theory. Using experimental data from the literature, the model estimates the ionic conductivity, effective transference number, and mechanical stiffness of the CEs. While the mechanical stiffness improves with increasing volume fraction of LLZO, the impact on conductivity and transference number depends on interfacial resistance at the interface. Finally, the study reports CE’s potential to enhance Li-ion transport and mechanical properties to inhibit lithium (Li) dendrite growth.
Estimating loss in capability wellbeing in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of the general adult population in the UK, Australia and the Netherlands
Authors: Mitchell Paul Mark , Morton Rachael L. , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Husbands Samantha , Coast Joanna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To estimate capability wellbeing lost from the general adult populations in the UK, Australia and the Netherlands in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated social restrictions, including lockdowns.

Design
Cross-sectional with recalled timepoints.

Setting
Online panels in the UK, Australia and the Netherlands conducted in February 2021 (data collected 26 January–2 March 2021).

Participants
Representative general adult (≥ 18 years old) population samples in the UK (n = 1,017), Australia (n = 1,011) and the Netherlands (n = 1,017)

Main outcome measure
Participants completed the ICECAP-A capability wellbeing measure in February 2021, and for two recalled timepoints during the initial lockdowns in April 2020 and in February 2020 (prior to COVID-19 restrictions in all three countries). ICECAP-A scores on a 0–1 no capability–full capability scale were calculated for each timepoint. Societal willingness to pay estimates for a year of full capability (YFC) was used to place a monetary value associated with change in capability per person and per country. Paired t tests were used to compare changes in ICECAP-A and YFC from pre- to post-COVID-19-related restrictions in each country.

Results
Mean (standard deviation) loss of capability wellbeing during the initial lockdown was 0.100 (0.17) in the UK, 0.074 (0.17) in Australia and 0.049 (0.12) in the Netherlands. In February 2021, losses compared to pre-lockdown were 0.043 (0.14) in the UK, 0.022 (0.13) in Australia and 0.006 (0.11) in the Netherlands. In monetary terms, these losses were equivalent to £14.8 billion, AUD$8.6 billion and €2.1 billion lost per month in April 2020 and £6.4 billion, A$2.6 billion and €260 million per month in February 2021 for the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, respectively.

Conclusions
There were substantial losses in capability wellbeing in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research is required to understand the specific impact of particular COVID-19 restrictions on people’s capabilities.
Papillary thyroid cancer with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis attenuates the tumour aggressiveness through the up-regulation of E-cadherin and TGF-β expression
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Lee Seung-Eun , Kim Young Il , Nam-Goong Il Sung , Jung Hyo Won , Kim Eun Sook 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is often associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), and their coexistence improves the prognosis of PTC.Aim of the study. The objective of our study is to investigate the expression of cadherins and TGF-β which are regulators in the tumour aggressiveness with metastatic spread in PTC patients and its relationship with HT. The expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin was measured in thyroid tissues of healthy volunteers and PTC patients with HT (PTC/HT) or without. The E-cadherin expression was also determined in thyroid cancer cells (TPC1, SNU373, SNU790, 8505C, CAL62, and FTC133). Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay. The expression of N-cadherin, ICAM1, and TGF-β was measured in thyroid tissues and plasma. The E-cadherin expression was significantly increased in PTC/HT patients compared with PTC alone. Meanwhile, the N-cadherin expression was significantly decreased in PTC/HT patients. The E-cadherin expression was only observed in FTC cells, and the overexpression of E-cadherin inhibited cancer cell migration. The TGF-β expression was significantly increased in PTC/HT patients, and the plasma levels were higher in PTC/HT patients than in PTC alone. The expression of N-cadherin and ICAM-1 was significantly decreased in PTC/HT patients. Our results indicate that the expression of E-cadherin and TGF-β was higher in PTC/HT patients than in PTC alone. This suggests that the presence of PTC with HT may attenuate the tumour aggressiveness and metastasis through the up-regulation of E-cadherin and TGF-β expression.