bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the Rise and Decay Dynamics of Upconversion Luminescence through Controlling Excitations
Authors: Han Yingdong , Gao Chao , Wei Tian , Zhang Kun , Jiang Zhang , Zhou Junhe , Xu Mengjiao , Yin Lisha , Song Feng , Huang Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDifferent from organic dye/quantum dot possessing one luminescent center, upconversion luminescence (UCL) is actually a statistic of temporal behaviors of countless individual activators. Our experimental results have shown that the rise and decay dynamics of UCL is directly associated with the relative contribution of sensitizer‐to‐activator energy transfer and energy migration among sensitizers, which can be physically modulated by simply tuning the excitation laser. Therefore, dynamic UCL with record‐wide 20‐fold lifetime, ≈70‐fold red‐to‐green intensity ratio, and reversibly definable emission color is easily realized by just modulating the excitation laser. Moreover, this generally applicable strategy only requires a simplest‐possible UCL system whereas prevalent material engineering such as complicated composition design, sophisticated core–shell construction, or tedious chemical synthesis, is no longer needed.
Exploring the Gas‐Phase Formation and Chemical Reactivity of Highly Reduced M8L6 Coordination Cages
Authors: Pfrunder Michael C. , Marshall David L. , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Stovell Ethan G. , Loomans Benjamin I. , Blinco James P. , Blanksby Stephen J. , McMurtrie John C. , Mullen Kathleen M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoordination cages with well‐defined cavities show great promise in the field of catalysis on account of their unique combination of molecular confinement effects and transition‐metal redox chemistry. Here, three coordination cages are reduced from their native 16+ oxidation state to the 2+ state in the gas phase without observable structural degradation. Using this method, the reaction rate constants for each reduction step were determined, with no noticeable differences arising following either the incorporation of a C60‐fullerene guest or alteration of the cage chemical structure. The reactivity of highly reduced cage species toward molecular oxygen is “switched‐on” after a threshold number of reduction steps, which is influenced by guest molecules and the structure of cage components. These new experimental approaches provide a unique window to explore the chemistry of highly‐reduced cage species that can be modulated by altering their structures and encapsulated guest species.
Improving the wet adhesive bonding of bamboo urea‐formaldehyde adhesive using styrene acrylate by controlling monomer ratios
Authors: Wu Sai , Liang Lulu , Chen Furong , Yang Zheng , Zheng Yu , Wu Yitian , Li Lanze , Lou Gaobo , Dai Juntao , Pang Yajun , Chen Hao , Fang Qun , Shen Zhehong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe utilization of bamboo resources can significantly alleviate the wood shortage and facilitate CO2 neutralization. However, the adhesive bonding performance of bamboo is not ideal, which greatly limits its application. Therefore, the biggest challenge is to explore a simple and effective method to enhance the bonding between bamboo and adhesive. In this study, we synthesized three butyl acrylate‐styrene (BS) emulsions with different monomer ratios and incorporated them into urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins to prepare butyl acrylate‐styrene modified urea‐formaldehyde (BUF) adhesives. Results show that BS emulsion not only prolongs the workability time of UF adhesives (95 s–108 s), but also reduces the free formaldehyde content (0.38%–0.26%). Specifically, BS emulsion with the highest hard/soft monomer ratio makes BUF adhesive the lowest activation energy, showing the accelerated curing reaction. Specifically, the prepared laminated bamboo‐veneer lumber (LBVL) exhibits the best wet‐bonding strength and meets the Chinese National Standard, suggesting that BS emulsion with a higher hard/soft monomer ratio can enhance bonding performance. Thus, this efficient method can not only enhance various adhesive properties, but also improves the bonding performance on LVBL, which can greatly ease the shortage of wood resources and speed up the development of the bamboo industry.
Geometrical and Electronic Structure of Cation Radical Species of Tetraarylanthraquinodimethane: An Intermediate for Unique Electrochromic Behavior
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Fukagawa Reina , Sugawara Kazuma , Harimoto Takashi , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo tetraarylanthraquinodimethane (Ar4AQD) derivatives having two different aryl groups (aminophenyl and methoxyphenyl) were prepared by sequential dibromomethylation and Suzuki‐coupling reactions. X‐ray analyses showed that they adopt a folded structure in the neutral state whereas the corresponding dications have a planar anthracene ring, to which diarylmethylium units are perpendicularly attached. Different from Ar4AQD having the same substituents that undergoes facile two‐electron transfer during interconversion with the dicationic state, the intermediary cation radical becomes long‐lived in the newly prepared unsymmetric derivatives. The geometric and electronic structures of the open‐shell intermediates were elucidated through electrochemical and theoretical investigation, with revealing that the cation radicals adopt the twisted geometry like dications. Upon electrolyses of the dications, the twisted cation radicals were involved in the electrochromism whereas their steady‐state concentration is negligible in the oxidation process, thus realizing unique tricolor electrochromic behavior with a hysteretic pattern of color change (colorless ‐> purple ‐> blue ‐> colorless).
Undergraduate medical students' perceptions regarding stem cells: Is there a need for incorporating a stem cells elective course in the academic curriculum?
Authors: Khasawneh Ramada R. , Rub Ejlal Abu‐El 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStem cell therapy has recently progressed from the preclinical to the early clinical trial arena for a variety of diseases. Moreover, the medical students lack the deep and full understanding of its significance and potential as the promising future cure for diverse diseases worldwide. This study aims at evaluating the knowledge, awareness, and perception of medical students as far as stem cells applications are related in the medical field. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out using online questionnaires, which were distributed via e‐mail to cover all medical faculties in Jordan. The data show that medical students are supportive of using stem cells and their therapeutic applications, and most of them are willing and enthusiastically want to improve their knowledge about stem cells; however, due to the tight schedule and the lack of an elective course about stem cells in the curriculum, many of them are not ready to undergo further training in regenerative medicine unless it becomes part of the assigned training and part of the learning objectives for medical students. These findings indicated the need to update the medical school curriculum with new hits in medicine and expand the range of courses offered for medical students so they can be up‐to‐date with the quick advances in different medical disciplines.
Protein adsorption on core‐shell resins for flow‐through purifications: Effect of protein molecular size, shape, and salt concentration
Authors: Mi Xue , Wang Sheng‐Ching , Winters Michael A. , Carta Giorgio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work addresses the functional properties of the core‐shell resins Capto Core 400 and 700 for a broad range of proteins spanning 66.5 to 660 kDa in molecular mass, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) in monomer and dimer form, fibronectin, thyroglobulin, and BSA conjugates with 10 and 30 kDa poly(ethylene glycol) chains. Negatively charged latex nanoparticles (NPs) with nominal diameters of 20, 40, and 100 nm are also studied as surrogates for bioparticles. Protein binding and its trends with respect to salt concentration depend on the protein size and are different for the two agarose‐based multimodal resins. For the smaller proteins, the amount of protein bound over practical time scales is limited by the resin surface area and is larger for Capto Core 400 compared with Capto Core 700. For the larger proteins, diffusion is severely restricted in Capto Core 400, resulting in lower binding capacities than those observed for Capto Core 700 despite the larger surface area. Adding 500 mM NaCl reduces the local bound protein concentration and diffusional hindrance resulting in higher binding capacities for the large proteins in Capto Core 400 compared with low ionic strength conditions. The NPs are essentially completely excluded from the Capto Core 400 pores. However, 20 and 40 nm NPs bind significantly to Capto Core 700, further hindering protein diffusion. A model is provided to predict the dynamic binding capacities as a function of residence time.
Effect of Reductive Treatment Duration on the Structure and Properties of Pd−Zn/C Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Acetylene Hydrogenation
Authors: Glyzdova Daria V. , Afonasenko Tatyana N. , Khramov Evgeny V. , Trenikhin Mikhail V. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Shlyapin Dmitry A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStructural features of bimetallic Pd−Zn catalysts supported on Sibunit carbon material were studied by EXAFS, TEM, XRD and XPS methods, depending on the heat treatment conditions in hydrogen. It was found that supported particles of PdZn intermetallic compound of tetragonal structure are formed in all samples. An increase in the duration of catalyst reduction in H2 at 500 °C from 1 to 20 hours leads to an increase in the amount of PdZn intermetallic particles (dav=2–3 nm), which is confirmed by the increasing of the Pd−Zn coordination number from 2.4 to 4.3 and by the decreasing of the surface Pd0/PdZn ratio from 0.63 to 0.18. The observed changes in the nature and structure of active sites provide an increase in the ethylene selectivity of Pd−Zn/C catalysts in liquid‐phase acetylene hydrogenation.
Local Buckling of Compressed Cold‐Formed Lipped Channels via Buckling Mode Shapes
Authors: Vaszilievits‐Sömjén Bálint 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effective width method is the most well‐known approach to determine the resistance of cold‐formed members using design formulas, accounting for the effect of local and distortional buckling.Local buckling is usually the most dominant failure mode of compressed C channels. The usual codified design method to calculate the buckling resistance by Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐3 proceeds through the determination of effective widths of compressed plates of the cross‐section. During this procedure the plates are considered separately, without consideration of possible interaction between each other. The Eurocode method assumes separately the pure load cases instead of considering the actual complex stress case, completed with possible bimoments and amplified second order stresses resulting from global imperfections.This paper presents a method which works with the full set of actual normal stresses acting on the cross‐section. It is able to assign cross‐section level buckling modes calculated with the help of finite strip analysis for the relevant plates of a compressed C section. Assignment is based on the determination of deformation energy balance. Effective width is calculated using the Eurocode buckling curve, from the plate slenderness obtained using the critical multiplier of the assigned buckling mode, at the actual design load level.The proposed method is part of a larger research project which aims to provide a complete Eurocode compatible design methodology considering local, distortional and global buckling of general shaped cold‐formed members subject to arbitrary loading and support condition, to be implemented in computer software programs working with 14DOF thin‐walled beam‐column finite element.
Post‐fire Residual Strength and Ductility of Structural Steels from Hollow Sections
Authors: Pons David , Lapuebla‐Ferri Andrés , Romero Manuel L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSteel structures are severely affected by the extreme temperatures reached during a fire. After this, if the structure has not collapsed, the remaining elements can be reused if they are not excessively distorted or the material is still fit for service. In the last case, residual properties of steel must be adequate and fulfil the requirements of the current standards. On this matter, it is hypothesized that residual behaviour of steel not only depends on the highest temperature reached during the fire episode, but also on the load it was simultaneously bearing.This work is focused on an experimental study on the post‐fire behaviour of structural steels. Specimens were cut from structural steel (S355) cold‐formed circular hollow sections (CHS) and subjected to a combination of tensile stress and high temperature. Afterwards, the specimens were cooled in air back to room temperature and, finally, load was increased until specimen failure. The obtained results allowed discussing on the residual yield strength, ultimate strength and stiffness of the steel, and a special focus was put on the residual ductility. The results of this work can provide a basis to the appraisal of steel structures after fire, supporting the further decision on its reinstatement or subsequent demolition.
Behaviour of Plate Girders with Intermediate Transverse Stiffeners – Experimental Investigation
Authors: Nascimento Sérgio , Santos Rafael , Pedro José Oliveira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransverse stiffeners are used in slender steel plate girders along the span to give web lateral support and increase plate girder shear resistance. According to several studies, transverse stiffeners are primarily engaged in out‐of‐plane bending to laterally limit the edges of the panel as it buckles, rather than axial compression to anchor the tension field. As a result, the axial loading defined in EN 1993‐1‐5 [1] for the design of transverse stiffeners, based on tension field action, is usually deemed to be substantially larger than that observed in laboratory testing and numerical simulations. The test results of six plate girders loaded to failure, with slender webs and two transverse stiffener geometries, are presented. FE‐models that accurately replicate the tests provide a thorough view of the plate girder behaviour. The stiffeners internal forces are evaluated during plate girder loading up to failure. The transverse stiffener internal forces attained by both models are compared. It is confirmed that both the axial compression and the bending moment in the intermediate transverse stiffeners are much lower than the values prescribed by the EN 1993‐1‐5 [1].
Seismic Assessment and Strengthening of an Existing Non‐Conforming Multi‐Storey Steel Building
Authors: Milone Aldo , Tartaglia Roberto , D'Aniello Mario , Landolfo Raffaele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExisting steel structures show a wide variability in terms of structural conception and typology of adopted resisting systems. Moreover, these structures do not often comply with existing codes, showing severe structural inadequacies in many cases. An example of this type of buildings is the existing non‐conforming six‐storey steel building described in this article. The selected building features both Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) along its longitudinal direction and Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) in the transverse direction. The seismic performance of the investigated structure was assessed in accordance with Italian NTC2018 and EN1998‐3, showing unsatisfactory performance and rather poor capacity. Therefore, seismic upgrading solution was designed and its efficiency was assessed and compared to the performance of the original configuration.
Human Comfort Assessment of Steel‐Concrete Composite Floors Subjected to People Dynamic Loads
Authors: Richter dos Santos Elisângela Arêas , Almeida de Sousa Felipe , Santos da Silva José Guilherme 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the dynamic structural behaviour and assess the human comfort of steel‐concrete composite floors subjected to loads induced by human rhythmic activities. This way, the analysed structural model is associated with a steel‐concrete composite floor with dimensions of 40m x 40m and a total area of 1,600m2. The dynamic loads were obtained through the use of traditional “only force” mathematical models and also based on the consideration of biodynamic systems, aiming to incorporate the people‐structure interaction dynamic effect to assess human comfort. The floor numerical model was developed based on the use of modelling techniques, adopting the mesh refinement present in the Finite Element Method (FEM), implemented in the ANSYS program. The structure dynamic response was obtained through the study of dynamic loading models related to people practising rhythmic activities on the floor concrete slabs, and compared to the current vibration serviceability limits. It must be emphasized that the dynamic response values surpass the recommended limits indicating that the human comfort of the investigated floor violated the design criteria presenting high accelerations values, causing excessive vibration and discomfort to the users.
Influence of the Longitudinal Shear Transfer on the Vertical Shear Capacity in CSTC Beams
Authors: Vigneri Valentino , Kroyer Robert , Taras Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnlike typical composite beams using downstand steel profiles, Composite steel truss in concrete (CSTC) beams consist of steel trusses welded to a steel plate and embedded in concrete. In this case, the longitudinal shear transfer relies on the mechanical interlock between the surrounding concrete and the embedded diagonals which carry simultaneously most of the vertical shear force. The current work aims to assess to what extent the longitudinal shear transfer affects the capacity of these diagonals, such that the current approach for determining the vertical shear resistance is suitable. Hence, a simplified 3D finite element (FE) model was firstly developed and several simulations were carried out. The results were post‐processed in consideration of the slip distribution and load conditions which may occur along the actual beam. Finally, a more advanced FE model was created to evaluate and compare the vertical shear resistance of a 6m CSTC beam with the corresponding value according to the current design method. Whilst the former methodology (simplified model) shows that a 15% yielding resistance reduction of the diagonal is sufficient to ensure the safety of the current design approach, the latter (advanced beam model) shows that no reduction is required.
Automated Pipeline for the Analysis of a Scale‐reduced Steel Cable Net
Authors: Ramonell Carlos , Chacón Rolando , Krenn Burkhard , Puig‐Polo Càrol 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a digitally twinned experimental analysis of a scale‐reduced laboratory‐sized steel cable net subjected to vertical loading. The test is aimed at establishing automated pipelines of information and analysis between the measurements (displacements of nodes) and the numerical model of the cable net, which are seamlessly interconnected through a BIM model. These automated pipelines erect the frame of the development of a digital twin of the cable net with structural analysis purposes. For the sake of measurements, a terrestrial laser scanner is used. Displacements of the nodes are extracted using computational geometry tools. For the sake of analysis, a data‐based numerical model is proposed to obtain the tensile state of the cables. Precisely understanding the force distribution along nets is a challenge at design, construction and operation stages. This research belongs to a vaster project related to the development of automated pipelines of information for European infrastructure in the form of digital twins. The outcome of this laboratory test results is of great use when developing similar automated pipelines of information in real sites including cable nets in roofs.
Study on the flow characteristics of the pulsating intermittent liquid–solid fluidized bed with step liquid velocity by CFD approach
Authors: Song Yangfan , Liu Zi , Chen Hongwei , Zhu Lou , Xu Xiongwei , Hao Wenwen , Yu Qi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new type of liquid–solid fluidized bed (LSFB), the pulsating intermittent LSFB (PI‐LSFB), which uses pulsating liquid flow, was analyzed through numerical and experimental study. A good agreement between numerical simulation results and laboratory experimental measurement data was achieved. The mass transfer efficiency between the liquid and solids phases was enhanced since the relative velocity was significantly improved. The flow characteristics of the PI‐LSFB were analyzed through the Eulerian–Eulerian approach, incorporating the kinetic theory of granular flow. The solids holdup in the middle part of the PI‐LSFB increases first and then decreases as the step liquid velocity increases. The relative velocity increases first and then decreases as the pulsation period or the liquid velocity increases. The PI‐LSFB performs similar flow regimes under step and sinusoidal liquid velocities. The proposed PI‐LSFB may provide a reference in biological wastewater treatment applications.
Early‐phase clinical trial eligibility and response evaluation criteria for refractory, relapsed, or progressive neuroblastoma: A consensus statement from the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting
Authors: Park Julie R. , Villablanca Judith G. , Hero Barbara , Kushner Brian H. , Wheatley Keith , Beiske Klaus H. , Ladenstein Ruth L. , Baruchel Sylvain , Macy Margaret E. , Moreno Lucas , Seibel Nita L. , Pearson Andrew D. , Matthay Katherine K. , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundInternational standardized criteria for eligibility, evaluable disease sites, and disease response assessment in patients with refractory, progressive, or relapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma enrolled in early‐phase clinical trials are lacking.MethodsA National Cancer Institute–sponsored Clinical Trials Planning Meeting was convened to develop an international consensus to refine the tumor site eligibility criteria and evaluation of disease response for early‐phase clinical trials in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma.ResultsStandardized data collection of patient and disease characteristics (including specified genomic data), eligibility criteria, a definition of evaluable disease, and response evaluations for primary and metastatic sites of disease were developed. Eligibility included two distinct patient groups: progressive disease and refractory disease. The refractory disease group was subdivided into responding persistent disease and stable persistent disease to better capture the clinical heterogeneity of refractory neuroblastoma. Requirements for defining disease evaluable for a response assessment were provided; they included requirements for biopsy to confirm viable neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma in those patients with soft tissue or bone disease not avid for iodine‐123 meta‐iodobenzylguanidine. Standardized evaluations for response components and time intervals for response evaluations were established.ConclusionsThe use of international consensus eligibility, evaluability, and response criteria for early‐phase clinical studies will facilitate the collection of comparable data across international trials and promote more rapid identification of effective treatment regimens for high‐risk neuroblastoma.