bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Insecticides on Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Celery, 1985
Authors: Carson W. G. , Trumble J. T. , Nakakihara H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 15 Aug at the University of California's South Coast Field Station. The plants were sprinkler irrigated for 3 weeks and drip irrigated thereafter (water pH 7.2-7.5). Experimental plots were 3 beds wide (2 rows/bed on 40 inch centers) by 50 ft and separated with a 5 ft barrier with 4 replicates of each treatment in a randomized complete block design. Weekly application dates included 4, 11, 18, 25 Aug, 1, 9, 17, 23, 30 Oct and 6, 15 Nov applied using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer operated at 100 psi. As plant height and foliage density increased, nozzles varied from 1-3 per row and water increased from 40 gal/acre (4-18 Sep) to 50 gal/acre (25 Sep-1 Oct), to 100 gal/acre (9 Oct on). Disc-type cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #23 or #25 cores and 50 mesh screens. The treatments (Baythroid, Pyrenone, Abamectin + sticker, Javelin and Trigard) received spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 80A). Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in 4, 5V2 x 11 inch trays, when the plants reached a suitable height. Only the first 2 consecutive weeks data were included in the analyses, as leafminer populations were quite low for the following 4 weeks. The number of dead adult parasites of Liriomyza spp. were recorded in the same manner and on the same dates listed for pupal counts. Evaluation of Lepidoptera populations was based on no. of damaged plants found in 25 plants/100 replicate per treatment) from the center 2 rows of each replicate at harvest (20 Nov). Beet armyworm and black cutworm damage were recorded separately.
Control of Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards with Viruses and Bacillus Thubingiensis Formulations, 1986
Authors: Tompkins George J. , Linduska James J. , Martin Phyllis A. W. , Travers Russell S. , Diggs Diana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were direct seeded in 4 row plots 20 ft long on 7 Jul. Plants were spaced 2 inches apart in the row and 36 inches between rows. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each row was buffered by a guard row. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 0.5 liter of water to which 0.01% of a liquid detergent was added as a spreader and applied with a trombone type garden sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) treatments were made up to a 0.1% concentration with the respective dye to determine the UV protection value to the virus. All of the virus treated rows also had Artogeia rapae granulosis virus (GV) applied so that damage primarily from cabbage looper could be assessed since the NPVs do not infect the imported cabbageworm. All rows were treated with their respective applications on 11, 18, 25 Aug; 2 and 8 Sep. On 2 and 8 Sep 50 second instar T. ni larve were applied to each of the virus test rows. On 15 Sep the foliage injury ratings and insect counts were taken. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as follows: (1) 0-3% damage—odd holes on leaves; (2) 4-10% damage—few leaves with holes; (3) 11-25% damage—moderate number of leaves with holes; (4) 26-50% damage—most leaves with holes; and (5) 51-100% damage—crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1986
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was performed on the Hugh Tuttle Farm, Dover, NH and utilized ‘Senaca Star’ sweet corn that was planted 30 Apr. Each plot consisted of a single 30 ft row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied using a B&G C02 pressurized (35 psi) single nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 14.4 gal/acre. The granular treatments were applied by hand. All applications were directed into the whorls when the corn plants showed signs of European corn borer leaf feeding injury and before tassels began to emerge from the whorls. Two spray applications were made 5-days apart while the granular treatments were applied once. Evaluations for % injured stalks and ears were made at harvest time (28 Jul) by examining all the plants in each treatment.
Spray Timing for Worm control, 1985
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Chief sweet corn was planted 26 Apr near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 60 inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Applications were made using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 54 gal/acre at 60 psi. Applications for the 7 day schedule were made 2, 9, and 16 Jul, for the 5 day schedule 2, 7, 13, and 17 Jul, and for the 2 day schedule 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 Jul. The intense schedule required daily sprays during early silking (2-6 Jul), every other day during mid-silking (8-12 Jul), and every third day during late silking (15 Jul). Ears were harvested 15 Jul (Rep 1 & 2) and 19 Jul (Rep 3 & 4), and % infested ears recorded.
Sweet Corn, Univoltine and Second Brood European Corn Borer, Fall Armyworm, and Corn Earworm Con-Trol, 1985
Authors: Tetrault Robert , Rebarchak Paul , Thomas Cathy , Gurecki Thomas , Calvin Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on sweet corn, cultivar ‘Silver Queen', planted on 26-30 May on a Hagerstown type soil at the Trico Foods Corp. farm near Rebersburg, PA. Seven insecticide treatments and an untreated control were replicated three times in a randomized block design. Each 3.0- to 4.0-acre plot was 36 rows wide except the 1.5- to 2.0-acre control plot which was 18 rows wide. Row spacing was 30 inches. Treatments were applied on 13, 21, 28 Aug with a Bell 47 Model 6-2A helicopter equipped with a 35’ boom and D4-45 Disc-Core cone nozzles applying 4.5 gal/acre. Helicopter speed was 45 mph, and spray width was 45 ft. Confusion occurred on 28 Aug spray when the UCSF 40 treatment was applied to the UCSF 27 block and the UCSF 27 treatment was applied to the Penncap-M block. Based on our observations this had little influence on the outcome because it was a late spray.
Control of European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn, 1986
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 2 Jun at the University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount MN. Treatments were 1 row, 50 ft long, replicated 3 times, in a randomized block design. Plants were spaced at 7-8 inch intervals within rows 30 inches apart. Twenty-five first instar European corn borer larvae were placed in the silks of all ears 5 Aug. Experimental treatments were separated by 1 row of corn, untreated and not artificially infested with ECB. Insecticidal treatments were applied 2 times, 4 and 12 Aug. Foliar sprays were applied using a C02 powered hand sprayer delivering 36 gal of water/acre at 35 psi. Granular treatments were hand applied using a “shaker” in a 12 inch band over the silks. Evaluations were made 20 Aug by scoring 35 randomly selected ears per plot for presence of ECB damage to the ear.
Onion Maggot Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were seeded on 16 Apr with a tractor-mounted cone-type planter. Plots were 4 rows, 35 ft long using 120 seeds/row on 21 inch beds replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All chemicals were applied at planting with the onion seed. Stand counts were made 10 Jun and 1 Aug. Observations were made weekly to monitor for the presence of onion maggot damage. The center 2 rows of each plot were lifted, topped, and graded on 10, 15, and 20 Oct, respectively.
Foliar Sprays for Control of European Corn Borer in Bell Peppers, 1986
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lady Bell’ peppers were seeded in the greenhouse on 14 Mar and transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 19 May. Plots consisted of a single row of peppers, 25-ft long and 5-ft wide; a guard row buffered each treatment row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance boom sprayer equipped with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one centered over the row calibrated to deliver 60 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. Treatments were applied on 9, 15, 23, 30 Jul; 6, 15, 22, 29 Aug; 5, 12, 19 and 26 Sep. Mixed red and green commercial peppers were harvested on 25 Jul; 5, 21 Aug; 4 and 30 Sep. Peppers were counted, weighed and split open to determine % European corn borer infestation.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Peppers, 1986
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trials were conducted at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. ‘Sweet Green Bell’ peppers were transplanted 16 Jun 12 inches apart. Row spacing was 3 ft. Plots were 4 rows wide X 25 ft long separated with 1 border row arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. On 26 Jul the field was seeded with 860 European corn borer (ECB) egg masses—36/plot. Insecticides were applied with a C02 Bak-Pak sprayer equipped with drop nozzles delivering 32 gal/acre at 22 psi. Insecticides were applied 15, 22, and 29 Aug. Peppers were harvested on 11 Sep at which time 25 fruit were selected from each plot and examined for ECB infestation. Rainfall totalled 3.75 inches for Jun, 5.00 inches for Jul, 2.18 inches for Aug, and 4.94 inches for Sep. Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) were 84 and 39 for Jun, 91 and 51 for Jul, 83 and 45 for Aug, and 82 and 41 for Sep, respectively.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Potatoes, 1986
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Superior’ white potatoes were planted on 3 Apr in a Sassafras sandy loam soil field. Plots consisted of 3 rows of potatoes, each row 25 ft-long and 3-ft wide, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with one drop nozzle on each side of the row and one over the center of each row calibrated to deliver 75 gal/acre at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 23, 30 May; 5, 16 and 26 Jun. Plant percent defoliation was recorded on 4, 16 and 25 Jun. Number of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae per 5 hills were recorded on 4 Jun. Plots were harvested and yields were recorded (cwt/ acre) on 21 Jul.
Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1986
Authors: Gurecki Thomas , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul , Yocum John O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified, Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted on 29 Apr at Landisville, Lancaster County, PA. Plant spacing was 9 inch with 34 inch between rows. Plot size was 4 rows x 25 ft with 2 border rows and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Temik 15G (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in-furrow to all treatments including the control. Starting in Jun, Dithane M-45 was applied (1.5 lb (AI)/acre) on a 5- to 7-day schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 17 Jun, 10 and 29 Jul, and 12 Aug with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer set to deliver 30 gal per acre at 22 psi. Ten stems per plot were sampled weekly as well as before and after spraying for all stages of Colorado potato beetle (CPB). A subjective damage index was implemented: 1) indicating 0-5% leaf loss, to 5) indicating &gt; 75% leaf loss. Two rows per plot were harvested on 16 Sep and graded by size. Average maximum and minimum daily temperatures (°F) were 79.3 and 51.4 for May, 85.3 and 56.8 for Jun, 87.0 and 62.3 for Jul, and 85.8 and 49.8 for Aug, respectively. Rainfall totalled 1.45 inches for May, 3.85 inches for Jun, 9.23 inches for Jul, and 3.76 inches for Aug.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes with Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted no-till in 25 ft rows on 19 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a 2-inch wide flutted coulter in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered wheat. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 8, 15, 22 and 28 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 18 Aug from a 10-ft section of row.
Insect Control in Zucchini, 1986
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zucchini was direct seeded 2 May at the University of Arkansas Vegetable Substation, Kibler, AR. Plots consisted of a single row of 10 plants set at 3-ft intervals. Rows were separated by 6.5 ft and 4-ft alleys separated plots. Sprays were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer equipped with 2 TX-6 nozzles operated at 30 psi. Spray volume was 15 gal/acre. Application dates were 19, 26 May and 3 Jun for the cucumber beetle trials and 6 Jun for the squash bug trial. Insecticide effectiveness on cucumber beetles was evaluated by counting the dead under each plant 24 h after each spray. Because the squash bug distribution was clumped, plants were removed 24 h after application and live and dead squash bugs were counted on both the ground and plant.
Apple, Acaricide Evaluation, 1986
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Crim Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were applied to 4 single-tree replicates of 32-year-old trees in a randomized block design. Applications were made with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer which traveled at 3.86 k/hr and delivered 935 1/ha. Dates of application were 14 Apr [pink (P)] and/or 6 May [petal fall (PF)] and 11 Jul, or 27 Jun, depending upon treatment. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Benlate, Bordeaux mixture, Captan, Dithane M-45, Manzate 200, Polyram, Solubor and Streptomycin. ERM control was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine and counting active stages with a binocular microscope. Treatment effect on SP was determined by counting adults and larvae on the periphery of test trees observed during a 3-minute period.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri, 1985
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Blinn R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted on a 3-year-old stand of alfalfa at the University of Missouri’s North Missouri Center located in Grundy County. Insecticides were applied on 29 Jul to 40 x 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated controls in four replications. Treatments were applied at 16.5 gal/acre using 8002 flat fan nozzles, 50 mesh screens, and 20 lb/square inch pressure on a 20 ft tractor-mounted boom. The alfalfa was 12-14 inches tall at treatment time with a temperature near 88°F and winds of 3-5 mph. PLH populations were estimated by 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net at 2.5, 7, 14, and 22 days posttreatment. Measurable precipitation fell on 12 of the 22 days following treatment.
Control of Alfalfa Insects in Iowa (Early Season), 1986
Authors: Hutchins Scott H. , Pedigo L.P. , Smelser R.B. , Higley L.G. , Lasack P.M. , Peterson R.K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 7 X 12 m were established in a 2-year-old stand on the Ankeny Research Farm near the city limits of Ankeny, IO. Nine treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete-block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on 8 May ‘86 with a Suzuki LT-125 4-wheel all-terrain cycle equipped with a 6.1-m boom. The C02-charged boom was ca. 61 cm from the foliage and fitted with twelve brass 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Ground speed was 6.28 km/h delivering 112.2 liters of final solution per hectare. Plants were in stage 2 (late vegetative) and ca. 43 cm tall. Weather conditions at application time were partly cloudy, winds 0-6 km/h, temperature 21-24 degrees C, and ca. 60% RH. A standard 38-cm sweep net was used to take pendulum sweeps in each plot 2 days before treatment and 1, 4, and 8 days posttreatment. No phytotoxicity was observed in any plot.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Nebraska, 1986
Authors: Manglitz G. R. , Plummer A. R. , Carter M. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Agric. Res. & Develop. Center, Mead, NE in a second-year stand of ‘Ranger’ alfalfa. Plots were 9 x 15 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. A single application of 6 insecticides at various rates, was made on 12 May ‘86. Insecticides were applied with a C02 activated pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.5 gal/acre at 20 psi and equipped with a 5.5 foot boom. Each plot was sampled 3 times, 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-treatment, by taking 5 sweeps per plot with a 15-inch dia insect net. Pre-treatment counts, made on the day of treatment in the border area surrounding the plots, averaged 61.1 alfalfa weevil larvae, 49.2 pea aphids, 0.7 potato leafhopper adults, and 0.7 alfalfa plant bug adults per 5 sweeps.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky 1986
Authors: Parr John C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 3-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 nal of total volume per acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn® field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet® nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larval were determined 4, 7, 11, 15, 18, 22 and 29 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch diam beating net. The treatments were applied 18 Apr ‘86. The standard treatment of carbofuran 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Minnesota, 1986
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN, on 1st regrowth 3rd year alfalfa. Treatments were 26 × 52 ft and replicated 3 times in a randomized design. Spray treatments were applied 21 May with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer at 37.5 gal water/acre at 200 psi. Insects were sampled 7 and 14 days posttreatment by taking 20 sweeps per plot with a 15 inch dia sweep net. All pyrethroids were highly effective.
Rescue Treatments for the Control of Stalk Borers in No-Till Field Corn, 1986
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on a commercial field on the Tom Morrow Farm located in Lee (Strafford Co.), NH. The field was seeded with 'Agway 473' on 12 May on 34 inch spacings using no-till planter. At the time that the infestation of stalk borers was detected the corn was in the whorl stage of approximately 18 inches tall. A pretreatment lamage assessment indicated an average of 25 plants per 60 row ft were damaged by stalk borers. Each plot consisted of 2 30 ft long rows and each treatment vas replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. The treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized (35 psi) single flat fan nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 12.8 gal/acre directed into the whorls. At 7-days after the application all the plants in each treatment that showed signs of stalk brarer injury were dissected and the number of live stalk borer larvae were recorded.
Field Corn, Pre-Emergence Treatments for Stalk Borer Control, 1986
Authors: Fletcher Michael G. , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated in Montgomery Co, VA for control of the stalk borer in no-till field corn when applied after a preemegence tank mix of recommended herbicides and 30% liquid nitrogen. Pioneer 3233 field corn was planted no-till in 30 inch rows (over the winter rye cover crop) on 4 Apr. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design 4 rows × 50 ft × 4 replicates per treatment. A compressed air sprayer with 2 fan nozzles (Teejet 80034) and delivering 16 gpa at 30 psi was used to make the insecticide applications. The tank mix (paraquat, atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and 30% liquid nitrogen) was applied the day of planting; insecticides were applied the following day. Two adjacent 5 ft swaths were applied to each plot to assure uniform coverage. The number of plants damaged by stalk borer were counted in the 2 center rows of each plot of 6 Jun. Yield data was collected by harvesting the whole ears for grain from 40 row ft from the 2 center rows on 10 Oct. Damage and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance. (P = 0.05)
Field Corn, Pre-Emergence Treatments for True Armyworm Control, 1986
Authors: Fletcher Michael G. , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated in Madison Co, VA for control of the true armyworm in no-till field corn when applied after a preemergence tank mix of recommended herbicides and 30% liquid nitrogen. Corn was planted no-till in 30 inch rows, over the winter rye cover crop, on 24 Apr. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design 4 rows × 50 ft × 4 replicates per treatment. A compressed air sprayer with 2 fan nozzles (Teejet 80034) and delivering 16 gpa at 30 psi was used to make the insecticide treatments. The tank mix (atrazine, paraquat, prowl and liquid nitrogen) was applied to the rye cover crop the day of planting, the insecticides were applied the following day 25 Apr. Two adjacent 5 ft swaths were applied over each plot to assure uniform coverage of plot. The number of plants damaged by true armyworm in the 2 center rows per plot were counted on 10 Jun. Yield data was collected by whole stalk harvest, as for ensilage, from 40 row ft per plot taken from the 2 center rows. Damage and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance.