bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Cycling Stability and Capacity Retention of NMC811 Cathodes by Reengineering Interfaces via Electrochemical Fluorination
Authors: Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Misra Sudhajit , Yang Shi‐ze , Jafta Charl J. , Meyer Harry M. , Bagri Prashant , Unocic Raymond R. , Bridges Craig A. , Dai Sheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh‐capacity cathodes (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) that can boost the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries are promising candidates for vehicle electrification. However, several factors specific to high energy density materials entailing electrode reactions inhibit their application. Fluorination has shown a promising ability to combat the detrimental electrochemical performances of cathode materials, however, it remains difficult to achieve the desired functionality. Herein, a novel electrochemical fluorination (ECF) that demonstrates a promising electrochemical performance enhancement via stabilization of the cathode–electrolyte‐interphase (CEI) by forming conformal LiF is proposed. Besides LiF surface layer formation, ECF reduces the degree of fluorination‐induced Ni/Li disordering and enhances the layered structural stability as probed by X‐ray diffraction. Because of the robust CEI, ECF‐NMC811 cathodes deliver 203.0 mAh g−1 first discharge capacity at the current rate of C/10, with ≈98% capacity retention up to 100 cycles. Similarly, it delivers ≈180 mAh g−1 capacity at a 1 C rate with 86.4% capacity retention up to 200 cycles with average coulombic efficiency of > 99.5%. Comprehensive characterization with a multitude of probes reveals that ECF enhances the cycling stability of the electrode without altering bulk structure and morphology.
Race, sex, and mid‐life changes in brain health: Cardia MRI substudy
Authors: Moonen Justine E.F. , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Detre John A. , Dolui Sudipto , Erus Guray , Davatzikos Christos , Meirelles Osorio , Bryan R. Nick , Launer Lenore J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine longitudinal race and sex differences in mid‐life brain health and to evaluate whether cardiovascular health (CVH) or apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 explain differences.MethodsThe study included 478 Black and White participants (mean age: 50 years). Total (TBV), gray (GMV), white (WMV), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes and GM–cerebral blood flow (CBF) were acquired with 3T‐magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 5‐year follow‐up. Analyses were based on general linear models.ResultsThere were race x sex interactions for GMV (P‐interaction = .004) and CBF (P‐interaction = .01) such that men showed more decline than women, and this was most evident in Blacks. Blacks compared to Whites had a significantly greater increase in WMH (P = .002). All sex–race differences in change were marginally attenuated by CVH and APOE ε4.ConclusionRace–sex differences in brain health emerge by mid‐life. Identifying new environmental factors beyond CVH is needed to develop early interventions to maintain brain health.
Altered medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal raphé activity predict genotype and correlate with abnormal learning behavior in a mouse model of autism‐associated 2p16.3 deletion
Authors: Hughes Rebecca B. , Whittingham‐Dowd Jayde , Clapcote Steven J. , Broughton Susan J. , Dawson Neil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract2p16.3 deletion, involving NEUREXIN1 (NRXN1) heterozygous deletion, substantially increases the risk of developing autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. We have a poor understanding of how NRXN1 heterozygosity impacts on brain function and cognition to increase the risk of developing the disorder. Here we characterize the impact of Nrxn1α heterozygosity on cerebral metabolism, in mice, using 14C‐2‐deoxyglucose imaging. We also assess performance in an olfactory‐based discrimination and reversal learning (OB‐DaRL) task and locomotor activity. We use decision tree classifiers to test the predictive relationship between cerebral metabolism and Nrxn1α genotype. Our data show that Nrxn1α heterozygosity induces prefrontal cortex (medial prelimbic cortex, mPrL) hypometabolism and a contrasting dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) hypermetabolism. Metabolism in these regions allows for the predictive classification of Nrxn1α genotype. Consistent with reduced mPrL glucose utilization, prefrontal cortex insulin receptor signaling is decreased in Nrxn1α+/− mice. Behaviorally, Nrxn1α+/− mice show enhanced learning of a novel discrimination, impaired reversal learning and an increased latency to make correct choices. In addition, male Nrxn1α+/− mice show hyperlocomotor activity. Correlative analysis suggests that mPrL hypometabolism contributes to the enhanced novel odor discrimination seen in Nrxn1α+/− mice, while DRN hypermetabolism contributes to their increased latency in making correct choices. The data show that Nrxn1α heterozygosity impacts on prefrontal cortex and serotonin system function, which contribute to the cognitive alterations seen in these animals. The data suggest that Nrxn1α+/− mice provide a translational model for the cognitive and behavioral alterations seen in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders associated with 2p16.3 deletion.Lay SummaryDeletion of the chromosomal region 2p16.3, involving reduced NEUREXIN1 gene expression, dramatically increases the risk of developing autism. Here, we show that reduced Neurexin1α expression, in mice, impacts on the prefrontal cortex and impairs cognitive flexibility. The data suggest that 2p16.3 deletion increases the risk of developing autism by impacting on the prefrontal cortex. Mice with the deletion are a useful model for testing new drugs to treat the cognitive flexibility problems experienced by people with autism.
When does the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis close?
Authors: McDonald Stuart W. , Miller Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn forensic work, the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis helps identify the deceased as a child or young adult. In the past, it was generally held that the synchondrosis closed between the late teens and 25 years, but recent studies have suggested closure in adolescence. There are also suggestions that the age at closure recorded might be influenced by ancestry and the technique used to study the joint. This comprehensive review of the literature of the past 60 years concludes that the age of closure of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis is very variable, from childhood to the mid‐twenties, with no obvious association with the geographical location of the study population. We note that some studies on bony specimens indicated later closure than others using clinical images and draw attention to a possible misinterpretation of the so‐called “fusion scar” which might explain this incongruity. Despite an increasing acceptance that the synchondrosis usually closes in adolescence, we are concerned that insufficient heed is being paid to reports of closure in childhood and in the early to mid‐twenties. We conclude that, for forensic purposes, it is unwise to declare that the synchondrosis closes in adolescence. It would be safer to state that a closed synchondrosis indicates a person 6 years or over and that an open synchondrosis may be seen up to the mid‐twenties. Clearly, for younger individuals, the dentition and, for all individuals in this age range, documentation of unfused postcranial epiphyses would be important in attempting to narrow this very broad estimation of age.
Multiple paraovarian cysts requiring emergency surgery: A rare clinical finding
Authors: Tominaga Marie , Morikawa Kyoko , Ogawa Yutaro , Ishiguro Hiromi , Kamimura Naomi , Yokoo Tomokazu , Tsuneki Ikunosuke , Tamura Masaki , Yanase Toru , Kurabayashi Takumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis report presents an unusual case of multiple paraovarian cysts that required emergency surgery due to a paraovarian cyst being entrapped by another paraovarian cyst. Laparoscopic surgery is considered useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and is, therefore, recommended owing to difficulty in differentiating paraovarian cysts from ovarian cysts.
Improved motivation and readiness to quit shortly after lung cancer screening: Evidence for a teachable moment
Authors: Williams Randi M. , Cordon Marisa , Eyestone Ellie , Smith Laney , Luta George , McKee Brady J. , Regis Shawn M. , Abrams David B. , Niaura Raymond S. , Stanton Cassandra A. , Parikh Vicky , Taylor Kathryn L. ,   the Lung Screening, Tobacco, Health Trial
Published: February 2022

BackgroundFor patients at high risk for lung cancer, screening using low‐dose computed tomography (lung cancer screening [LCS]) is recommended. The purpose of this study was to examine whether screening may serve as a teachable moment for smoking‐related outcomes.MethodsIn a smoking‐cessation trial, participants (N = 843) completed 2 phone interviews before randomization: before LCS (T0) and after LCS (T1). By using logistic and linear regression, the authors examined teachable moment variables (perceived risk, lung cancer worry) and outcomes (readiness, motivation, and cigarettes per day [CPD]).ResultsParticipants were a mean ± SD age of 63.7 ± 5.9 years, had 47.8 ± 7.1 pack‐years of smoking, 35.2% had a high school diploma or General Educational Development (high school equivalency) degree or less, and 42.3% were undergoing their first scan. Between T0 and T1, 25.7% of participants increased readiness to quit, 9.6% decreased readiness, and 64.7% reported no change (P < .001). Motivation to quit increased (P < .05) and CPD decreased between assessments (P < .001), but only 1.3% self‐reported quitting. Compared with individuals who reported no lung cancer worry/little worry, extreme worry was associated with readiness to quit in the next 30 days (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.0) and with higher motivation (b = 0.83; P < .001) at T1. Individuals undergoing a baseline (vs annual) scan were more ready to quit in the next 30 days (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3‐2.5).ConclusionsDuring the brief window between registering for LCS and receiving the results, the authors observed that very few participants quit smoking, but a significant proportion improved on readiness and motivation to quit, particularly among individuals who were undergoing their first scan and those who were extremely worried about lung cancer. These results indicate that providing evidence‐based tobacco treatment can build upon this teachable moment.
Barriers to generic antiseizure medication use: Results of a global survey by the International League Against Epilepsy Generic Substitution Task Force
Authors: Niyongere Jenna , Welty Timothy E. , Bell Michelle W. , Consalvo Damian , Hammond Charles , Leung Howan , Patsalos Philip N. , Ryan Melody , Suansanae Thanarat , Zhou Dong , Zuellig Hazel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify and quantify barriers to generic substitution of antiseizure medications (ASM). A questionnaire on generic ASM substitution was developed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Generic Substitution. Questions addressed understanding of bioequivalence, standards for generic products, experiences with substitution, and demographic data. The survey was web‐based and distributed to ILAE chapters, their membership, and professional colleagues of task force members. Comparisons in responses were between ILAE regions and country income classification. A total of 800 individuals responded, with 44.2% being from the Asia‐Oceania ILAE Region and 38.6% from European Region. The majority of respondents had little or no education in generic substitution or bioequivalence. Many respondents indicated lack of understanding aspects of generic substitution. Common barriers to generic substitution included limited access, poor or inconsistent quality, too expensive, or lack of regulatory control. Increase in seizures was the most common reported adverse outcome of substitution. Of medications on the World Health Organization Essential Medication list, problems with generic products were most frequent with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproic acid. Several barriers with generic substitution of ASM revolved around mistrust of regulatory control and quality of generic ASM. Lack of education on generic substitution is also a concern. Generic ASM products may be the only option in some parts of the world and efforts should address these issues. Efforts to address these barriers should improve access to medications in all parts of the world.
Groundwater‐stream connectivity from minutes to months across United States basins as revealed by spectral analysis
Authors: Clyne Jacob B. , Sawyer Audrey H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStream corridors are dynamic places where streams and aquifers are connected and interact to various degrees, depending on geology, climate, stream morphology, and water use. Water table fluctuations propagate through the unconfined aquifer and are linked with changes in solute export to streams and biogeochemical transformations in floodplain soils. Through publicly available USGS data, this study aims to better understand the behaviour of stream‐groundwater connectivity and water table fluctuations by analysing continuous time series of water levels from 17 pairs of stream gauges and nearby (<100 m) groundwater monitoring wells. Sites are located within 8 of 18 major hydrologic units (HUC‐2) across the contiguous United States and span a variety of stream sizes, climates, and land use practises. More than 50% of sites have a water table that remains within 3 m of the land surface year‐round. Energy spectral densities and cross‐wavelet transformations generally reveal strong coherence between the water table and stream stage over daily to monthly periods. The transfer function, which describes relative variations between the water table and stream stage, shows that 10 of 17 sites are more stream‐dominated at daily and monthly frequencies, meaning that water level fluctuations are greater in the stream and propagate into the aquifer. Only 1 of 17 sites is more groundwater‐dominated at daily and monthly frequencies, meaning that water level fluctuations are greater in the aquifer. This study shows the utility of frequency‐domain analysis for revealing specific timescales of stream‐aquifer interaction.
A systematic review and integrative sequential explanatory narrative synthesis: The psychosocial impact of parenting a child with a lysosomal storage disorder
Authors: Hassall Sadie , Smith Debbie Michelle , Rust Stewart , Wittkowski Anja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders are rare multiorgan, degenerative conditions requiring invasive treatment. Rare disorders pose unique challenges; therefore, exploring their impact is crucial for understanding family needs. This novel review aimed to understand the psychosocial outcomes for parents of children with lysosomal storage disorders. Five electronic databases were systematically searched. Thirty‐eight (23 qualitative, 10 qualitative and 5 mixed methods) studies were included, analysed using a sequential explanatory narrative synthesis and appraised for their methodological quality. Quantitative data revealed the multifaceted impact on parents' psychological and social wellbeing. Qualitative data informed the challenges that these parents faced which were expressed within three main themes: (a) Uncertainty and the unknown, (b) All‐encompassing impact and (c) Finding a way forward. The synthesis demonstrated that factors associated with the condition (symptoms, behaviour and severity) had a substantial negative impact on parental outcomes, upheld by concurrent loss (deterioration and poor prognosis) and uncertainty. This substantive integrated review revealed considerable unmet parental psychosocial needs.
Summer hot extremes and antecedent drought conditions in Australia
Authors: Páscoa Patrícia , Gouveia Célia M. , Russo Ana , Ribeiro Andreia F. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe compound occurrence of extreme weather and/or climate events can cause stronger negative impacts than the individual events, and its frequency is increasing in several regions of the world. In this work, the effect of antecedent drought conditions on hot extremes during the months of December–February in Australia was analysed for two periods (1979–2019 and 1950–2019). The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the indices number of hot days (NHD) and number of hot nights (NHN) were used to assess drought and extreme temperature events. While the link between dry and heat events is more important in the north in February, in December and January it is strong in the east coast. When temporal lags of 1–3 months are considered, there is a strong correlation between SPEI and NHD/NHN for the concurrent month on most of the study area. For the previous 1–3 months, the area and the correlation values decreased, but consistent spatial patterns were obtained for each month, namely negative correlations on the southwest and southeast in December, and the east in February. Tropical areas showed large areas of correlation between SPEI and NHN, including for the previous 3 months, whereas temperate climates showed the smaller area of correlation with NHN, including at the concurrent month. Significant correlations obtained for lead times longer than 1 month, namely with night heat extremes, point to a predictive ability in several regions of Australia. Moreover, the correlation coefficients obtained using the more recent period (1979–2019) show similar spatial patterns, but with higher values than for the 1950–2019 period. The results highlight the prospect of an early prediction of hot summer extremes in regions affected by drought in spring.
Global water availability and its distribution under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Six scenarios
Authors: Li Xinyi , Li Zhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChanges in the hydrological cycle have widespread consequences and remain uncertain under climate change. We analyse the changes in major water components of the hydrological cycle, that is, precipitation (P), runoff (Q), evapotranspiration (E), precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P − E), and terrestrial water storage (S), and quantify the uncertainties across the 21st century with Phase Six of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) simulations. The multimodel ensemble based on over 10 GCMs shows that P − E and Q share similar trends with P, with increases expected in northern high latitudes of Eurasia and North America, South Asia, and eastern Africa, and decreases expected in Central America, the Mediterranean, and the Amazon. The seasonal changes in S at mid and high latitudes are behind the large seasonal shifts in Q while changes in P − E are dominantly affected by P. The equatorial regions are expected to have the largest changes and intermodel variability. From low emission scenario SSP1‐2.6 to high emission scenario SSP5‐8.5, the spatial patterns for future changes remain consistent while more drastic and more widespread changes are expected globally over time with warming for all water components. Larger intermodel variability is also found under higher emission scenarios. The study provides a comprehensive perspective on the assessment of annual and seasonal changes in all water components within the hydrological cycle as well as the associated uncertainty with the latest CMIP6 simulations under three representative scenarios, providing the most updated climate information for formulating appropriate mitigation and adaptation.
Restoration of degraded sodic soils through silvipastoral systems in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains
Authors: Singh Yash Pal , Mishra Vinay K. , Arora Sanjay , Dagar Jagdish Chand , Lal Khajanchi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExcessive salts in degraded sodic soils aggravate the bio‐physicochemical properties of soils that need to be remediated and restored in a judicious way. The present study envisages smothering harmful effects of sodic soils and maintaining soil fertility through need‐based silvipastoral systems. We report on a three‐times replicated field experiment with 13 treatments comprised of three agroforestry tree species Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Eucalyptus tereticornis planted during 2005 on highly sodic soil of pH 10.6 and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 89 in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains. Fodder grass species viz. Chloris gayana, Panicum maximum, and Pennisetum purpureum were planted under each of the 10‐year‐old tree species. The maximum biomass production of understory grasses was recorded from A nilotica + C. gayana silvipastoral system while the highest nutritive value in terms of N. P, K, and crude protein content (%) was recorded in A. nilotica + P. purpureum. A strong correlation between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and understory grasses was observed. Significantly higher tree growth and biomass yield were recorded under silvipastoral systems over silvicultural system. A significant reduction in soil bulk density and increase in soil porosity, infiltration rate, and water holding capacity (WHC) were recorded in silvipastoral systems over silviculture and control due to reduced sodicity, addition of leaf litter, increase in microbial activities due to tree and grassroots, better plant growth, and fine root decay. Reduction in soil pH, exchangeable sodium percent (ESP), and increase in soil organic carbon were more pronounced under silvipastoral systems over the silviculture. The highest reduction in these parameters was recorded under the A. nilotica + C. gayana silvipastoral system. Similarly, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), and dehydrogenase activities were higher under silvipastoral systems over the silvicultural system The highest MBC was recorded in C. equisetifolia + C. gayana which was 302.8% higher than the control. However, highest MBN and dehydrogenase activities were recorded under A. nilotica + C. gayana silvipastoral system. Hence, on the basis of total biomass yield and improvement in soil bio‐physicochemical properties A. nilotica + C. gayana silvipastoral system could be a highly ameliorative and productive system for the restoration of degraded sodic soils.
Autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Mei , Zhuang Shi‐Min , Xiao Zhi‐Wen , Luo Jia‐Qi , Long Zhen , Lan Lin‐Chan , Zhang Hui‐Qing , Zhang Guan‐Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the association between autoimmune thyroiditis and Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL).MethodsHundred and five patients with SSNHL were enrolled. Audiometric tests, serum thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb, TgAb) were studied. Based on the thyroid autoantibody results, patients were divided into two groups: thyroid autoantibody‐positive and negative. The relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and audiological characteristics was analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐six patients (24.8%) of the SSNHL had thyroid autoantibody elevated. The pure tone average (PTA) of patients with and without thyroid autoantibody is 60 ± 38.51 and 54.99 ± 33.87 dBHL, respectively. The PTA was significantly improved in both groups after treatment (p < 0.001), but the hearing gains were similar in both groups (p = 0.205). Hearing loss of 2000–8000 Hz was worse than 125–1000 Hz among thyroid autoantibody‐positive patients (p < 0.05), but the hearing improvement of both groups have no significant difference. The hearing improvement of 125–1000 Hz is significantly better than 2000–8000 Hz among patients with thyroid autoantibody negative (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe speculate that a potential association between thyroid autoimmunity and SSNHL. Thyroid autoimmunity may be a pathogenesis factor of SSNHL and associated with more severe hearing loss of high‐frequency hearing.