bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trophic cascade triggers blooms of Asterionella formosa in subtropical eutrophic Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Liu Xia , Li Yun , Shen Ruijie , Jeppesen Erik , Liu Zhengwen , Chen Feizhou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The importance of trophic interactions for determining the distributions, abundances, and taxonomic compositions of organisms in ecosystems has long been studied and debated. Here we test the effect of a trophic cascade on diatom (Asterionella formosa) blooms in subtropical, eutrophic Lake Taihu, China.

A long‐term data series (2005–2015) on planktivorous fish, zooplankton and diatoms has been analysed. Structural equation modelling is used to test our hypotheses about the influences of top‐down and bottom‐up forces on A. formosa.

Since 2009, a spring bloom of A. formosa has occurred in the lake, coinciding with a reduction of Daphnia galeata biomass and of total cladoceran biomass following a marked increase in the stock of planktivorous fish (bighead carp and silver carp). Light, phosphorus (total and soluble reactive phosphate) and silica did not act as limiting factors for the growth of A. formosa.

Structural equation modelling analysis showed that top‐down effects of cladocerans on A. formosa biomass were more important than bottom‐up effects (wind speed and soluble reactive phosphate). Although A. formosa was negatively correlated with total nitrogen, total with other inorganic nitrogen (NO3 and NH4) did not restrict the proliferation of diatom blooms after 2007. These results suggested that the substantial reduction of the Daphnia population caused a diatom bloom through a trophic cascade by planktivorous fish.

Our study provides new insight into the effects of trophic interactions on diatom bloom formation in natural freshwater ecosystems.
isocalcR: An R package to streamline and standardize stable isotope calculations in ecological research
Authors: Mathias Justin M. , Hudiburg Tara W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of stable isotopes to characterize ecosystem dynamics and infer leaf gas exchange processes has become increasingly prevalent over the last few decades within the ecological community. While advancements in theory and our understanding of the physiological processes controlling isotopic signatures in plants has been well‐documented, no standardized tool currently exists to facilitate the computation of common isotope‐derived plant physiological indices. Here, we present isocalcR, an R package intended to facilitate the use of stable isotope data from plant tissues by providing an integrated collection of functions and recommended reference data. The isocalcR R package contains a suite of functions that compute leaf carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C), leaf intercellular [CO2], the ratio of leaf intercellular to atmospheric [CO2], the difference between atmospheric and leaf intercellular [CO2], and intrinsic water use efficiency from carbon isotope signatures in leaf or wood tissue with minimal inputs from the user. isocalcR also implements and provides recommended input atmospheric [CO2] (ppm) and atmospheric δ13CO2 (‰) data for the period 0–2021 C.E. A major goal of isocalcR is to provide a standardized, open‐source tool to streamline the calculation of reproducible physiological indices from stable isotope signatures in plant tissues, incorporating the most up‐to‐date theory, while simultaneously eliminating potential errors associated with complex calculations. isocalcR can be used for any location globally as long as the user provides information regarding temperature and elevation to the main workhorse functions.
Masticatory function of stroke patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Shu Xin , Fan Yanpin , Leung Katherine Chiu Man , Lo Edward Chin Man 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarise the current information on the masticatory function of stroke patients.MethodsFour electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for relevant observational studies and clinical trials (up to Jun 2021) on the masticatory function of stroke patients. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and quality assessments (using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist). Meta‐analysis was conducted for the comparison of bite force and masticatory performance using standardised mean difference (SMD). Of the 3837 records identified, nine studies, corresponding to 11 papers and 302 participants, were included in the analysis.ResultsThe maximum bite force of stroke patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy individuals (SMD −0.52, 95% CI: −0.95 to −0.08, P = .02). There was no significant difference between the ipsi‐lesional and the contra‐lesional sides of the same stroke patient (SMD 0.13, 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.39, P = .34). Stroke patients had lower masticatory performance than healthy people (SMD −0.97, 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.37, P < .00001), and the contra‐lesional side was worse than the ipsi‐lesional side. Electromyographic analysis indicated that muscle activation of stroke patients was poorer than the healthy individuals, and stroke patients seem to exhibit dysfunction in the recruiting and firing of motor units.ConclusionsStroke patients have lower maximum bite force and masticatory performance than healthy people, with masticatory performance being the most affected.
Self‐densified ultrathin solid electrolyte membrane fabricated from monodispersed sulfide electrolyte nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Lilin , Xue Bai , Wang Hongjiao , Su Zhenghua , Luo Zhongkuan , Wang Fang , Zhang Xianghua , Calvez Laurent , Fan Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReducing particle size of sulfide electrolytes to nanoscale is essential for preparing ultrathin sulfide electrolyte membrane of all‐solid‐state batteries. However, there lacks effective way to synthesize sulfide electrolyte nanoparticles with good morphology uniformity. In this work, a dual precursor sol route is developed to speed up the synthesis of lithium thiophosphate (LPS) from tens of hours by conventional liquid‐phase routes to <50 min. The promoted reaction kinetics inhibit the overgrowth of the product particles so that monodispersed LPS nanoparticles with sizes of 44 ± 6 nm are prepared. Membranes fabricated from the nanoparticles achieve a thickness of 0.5–1.0 μm, which are reduced by one order of magnitude in comparison with those of reported sulfide electrolyte membranes. Moreover, the monodispersity makes the nanoparticles closely packed in the green membrane, so that the membrane can be self‐densified without applying pressure, whereas 100‐MPa‐level pressure is indispensable for conventional membrane fabrication technologies. The ultrathin LPS membrane is also successfully employed in all‐solid‐state LiFePO4 thin film batteries. This work not only provides a heuristic strategy to synthesis sulfide electrolyte nanoparticles but also develops a pressing‐free fabrication route of sulfide electrolyte membranes, which is eagerly demanded for high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state batteries.
Around the EQUATOR with clinician‐scientists transdisciplinary aging research (Clin‐STAR) principles: Implementation science challenges and opportunities
Authors: Carpenter Christopher R. , Southerland Lauren T. , Lucey Brendan P. , Prusaczyk Beth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Institute of Medicine and the National Institute on Aging increasingly understand that knowledge alone is necessary but insufficient to improve healthcare outcomes. Adapting the behaviors of clinicians, patients, and stakeholders to new standards of evidence‐based clinical practice is often significantly delayed. In response, over the past twenty years, Implementation Science has developed as the study of methods and strategies that facilitate the uptake of evidence‐based practice into regular use by practitioners and policymakers. One important advance in Implementation Science research was the development of Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI), which provided a 27‐item checklist for researchers to consistently report essential elements of the implementation and intervention strategies. Using StaRI as a framework, this review discusses specific Implementation Science challenges for research with older adults, provides solutions for those obstacles, and opportunities to improve the value of this evolving approach to reduce the knowledge translation losses that exist between published research and clinical practice.
Persistent loneliness due to COVID‐19 over 18 months of the pandemic: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kotwal Ashwin A. , Batio Stephanie , Wolf Michael S. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Yoshino Benavente Julia , Perissinotto Carla M. , O'Conor Rachel M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness was common early in the COVID‐19 pandemic due to physical distancing measures, but little is known about how loneliness persisted into later stages of the pandemic. We therefore examined longitudinal trajectories of loneliness over 18 months of the pandemic and subgroups at risk for persistent loneliness.MethodsWe used data from the COVID‐19 & Chronic Conditions study collected between March 27, 2020 to December 10, 2021, including 641 predominantly older adults with ≥1 chronic condition who completed six interviews at approximately 3 month intervals. Participants reported loneliness (defined as some, most, or all of the time) during the past week due to COVID‐19. We used trajectory mixture models to identify clusters of individuals following similar trajectories of loneliness, then determined subgroups likely to be classified in different loneliness trajectories using multivariable regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical covariates.ResultsParticipants were on average 63 years old, 61% female, 30% Black, 20% Latinx, and 29% were living below the poverty level. There was an overall reduction in loneliness over time (March to April/2020: 51% to September to December/2021: 31%, p = 0.01). Four distinct trajectory groups emerged: (1) “Persistent Loneliness” (n = 101, 16%); (2) “Adapted” (n = 141, 22%), individuals who were initially lonely, with feelings of loneliness decreasing over time; (3) “Occasional loneliness” (n = 189, 29%); and (4) “Never lonely” (n = 211, 33%). Subgroups at highest risk of the “Persistently Lonely” trajectory included those identifying as Latinx (aOR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.2), or living in poverty (aOR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6).ConclusionsAlthough loneliness declined for a majority of older adults during the pandemic in our sample, persistent loneliness attributed to the COVID‐19 pandemic was common (1 in 6 adults), particularly among individuals identifying as Hispanic/Latinx or living in poverty. Interventions addressing loneliness can ease pandemic‐related suffering, and may mitigate long‐term mental and physical health consequences.
Light up: an intervention study of the effect of environmental dynamic lighting on sleep–wake rhythm, mood and behaviour in older adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Böhmer M. N. , Oppewal A. , Valstar M. J. , Bindels P. J. E. , van Someren E. J. W. , Maes‐Festen D. A. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based interventions to improve the sleep–wake rhythm, mood and behaviour in older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) are limited. Increasing light exposure has been shown to be effective in improving the sleep–wake rhythm, mood, and behaviour in other populations. The current study investigates the effect of installing environmental dynamic lighting in common living rooms of care facilities on sleep–wake rhythm, mood, and behaviour in older adults with ID.MethodsA non‐randomised, non‐concurrent, multiple baseline study was performed from October 2017 to May 2018. Fifty‐four participants [mean (SD) age of 63.42 (8.6) years, 65% female] in six care facilities were included. All participants had three baseline measurements (Weeks 1, 5 and 9). Dynamic lighting was installed in Week 10, after which three intervention measurements took place (Weeks 12, 17 and 24). Sleep characteristics and the sleep–wake rhythm were assessed using actigraphy (GENEActiv). Mood was measured with the Anxiety, Depression and Mood Scale (ADAMS) and behaviour with the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC).ResultsMixed‐effect regression analysis showed a worsening of the primary outcome interdaily stability (P = 0.001). This could be attributed to one care facility, whereas interdaily stability did not change in the other care facilities (P = 0.74). Dynamic lighting led to earlier mid‐sleep (P = 0.003) and sleep onset (P < .0001) and improved mood as indicated by lower scores on the ADAMS depression (−0.64 SD, P < 0.001) and social avoidance (−0.47 SD, P = 0.004) subscales. The prevalence of screening above cut‐off for depression decreased from 23 to 9.8% (OR = .16, P = 0.003). For behaviour, a decrease was seen in hyperactivity (−0.43 SD, P < 0.001), lethargy (−0.35 SD, P = 0.008) and irritability (−0.33 SD, P < .001) as measured with the ABC. No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionInstalling dynamic lighting in common living areas for older adults with ID improved the mood and behaviour of the residents up to 14 weeks after placement. Integrated dynamic lighting is a promising, undemanding and potentially effective addition to improve mood and behaviour in care organisations for people with ID, but does not seem to do so by improving sleep or sleep–wake rhythms.
Career Outcome Expectations of Chinese Medical Students: A Short‐Term Longitudinal Study1
Authors: Wang Wei , Mei Songli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examined the longitudinal association between career outcome expectations and positive psychological capital, using data from four investigations of 885 Chinese medical students over a 9‐month period. Latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) and latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) were used to examine the overall trajectory of career outcome expectations and to group them. Career outcome expectations showed a linear growth trend on the whole. The modeling distinguished three growth trajectories of career outcome expectations. There is an association between positive psychological capital and career outcome expectations, that is, positive psychological capital positively affects career outcome expectations and not the other way around. The results speak to the noteworthy individual differences in the development of career outcome expectations among Chinese medical students.
Armodafinil to reduce the sleepiness related side‐effects of sleep restriction therapy being used to treat insomnia disorder: An open label clinical trial pilot study compared with historical controls
Authors: Judge Daniel J. , Miller Christopher B. , Bartlett Delwyn J. , Jomaa Ibrahim , Wong Keith K. W. , Saini Bandana , Semsarian Caitlin R. , Espie Colin A. , Kyle Simon D. , Grunstein Ron R. , Yee Brendon J. , Marshall Nathaniel S. 
Published: August 2022

SummarySleep restriction therapy (SRT) is an effective stand‐alone behavioural intervention for insomnia disorder. However, its daytime side effects, particularly sleepiness, may be troubling for patients and/or may be a necessary part of the patient's treatment journey. This pilot trial aims to explore the potential benefit of armodafinil, a wakefulness promoter. Patients were treated with SRT with open label adjunctive armodafinil (150 mg/day). Thirty‐three patients from previous studies that have undergone exactly the same SRT intervention acted as controls. The primary outcome measure was the insomnia severity index (ISI), and secondary outcomes were the Epworth sleepiness scale, sleep restriction adherence scale (SRAS), and safety from baseline through to 12 weeks. We recruited 25 patients into the trial. Data for the primary end point (ISI at 12 weeks) was available for 20 of the participants. The baseline insomnia severity index was 20.2 (SD 3.3) and decreased to 9.1 (SE 1.1), with no change, to 10.2 and 11.2 at weeks 6 and 12 respectively (all p > 0.05 compared with baseline). The insomnia severity index values for armodafinil patients were statistically inferior to historical controls at the primary time point of 12 weeks (11.2 vs. 6.7, p < 0.01). Sleep restriction therapy plus armodafinil treatment was associated with frequent minor side effects but was generally safe and acceptable to patients. Sleep restriction therapy was associated with a robust clinical response in the insomnia severity index values for insomnia patients. Based upon historical control data, armodafinil does not appear to have beneficial adjunctive effects in addition to sleep restriction therapy alone.
Is artificial urinary sphincter surgery safe and effective in elderly males aged 70 years and above?
Authors: Chung Eric , Wang Juan , Cartmill Ross 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction rate between men aged under and over 70 years who underwent artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) surgery.MethodsA prospective review of all men who received AUS between January 2008 and January 2018 was undertaken with a minimum 24‐month review. All patient demographics and surgical outcomes including data on the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Frailty Index (NSQIP‐FI) scores, as well as patient satisfaction rates, were recorded.ResultsOf the 245 AUS implanted, 60 patients were aged ≥70 years with 45 virgin cases and 15 revision AUS. Reduction in mean pad use and weight over 24 hours were significant at 0.21 (0–1) pads and 8 (0–30) g in both groups with no significant difference (P = 0.76). Kaplan–Meier estimates of AUS survival showed no significant difference between men aged ≥ and <70 years at 1 year (98% versus 96%; P = 0.44). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that radiation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–6.8; P < 0.01) was a significant predictor of AUS revision, while age ≥ 70 years (adjusted OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8–8.8; P = 0.14) and frailty (NSQIP‐FI ≥ 0.27 adjusted OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.2–7.6; P = 0.82) were not. There were no significant differences in PGI‐I scores (P = 0.43) and overall satisfaction rate (83% versus 84%; P = 0.44) between the two groups.ConclusionsMen aged ≥70 years reported similar clinical efficacy as men aged <70 years in terms of device survival and satisfaction rates following AUS surgery.
Spinal cord stimulation in patients suffering from chronic pain after surgery for spinal intradural tumors: A case report and literature summary
Authors: Noordhof Robin K. , Vinke Saman , Kurt Erkan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of pain after treatment of a spinal intradural tumor is remarkably high, approximately up to 40% of the patients suffer from central neuropathic pain. Publications on spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and its effect on pain caused by intradural spinal tumors are rare. We discuss the case of a patient suffering from chronic pain after removal of a Th7 level meningioma who was successfully treated with SCS and give an overview of the literature.MethodsMEDLINE database was searched for neuropathic pain and intradural tumors.ResultsThe initial search identified 35 articles, including hand‐searched manuscripts. Six articles were included for analysis.Case ReportA 57‐year‐old female suffers from neuropathic pain in both legs after surgical removal of a Th7 level intradural meningioma. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging shows no gross abnormalities, although she developed chronic pain in both legs. Pain in combination with side effects of analgesic intake are too disabling to have decent quality of life. A successful implantation of SCS is achieved at Th5 level as a treatment for the central neuropathic pain, and, at 36 months follow‐up, there is significant pain relief and almost complete discontinuation of analgesics.DiscussionCentral pain from spinal intradural tumors may have a different mechanism of origin than pain seen after an acute spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the basic principles of neuromodulation are the same in both etiologies, as for successful stimulation intact pathways in the spinal cord are necessary. The efficacy of SCS as treatment in intradural spinal tumors is rarely described as only a handful of case reports are published. Interestingly, the case reports show that stimulation both above and below the lesion can be effective. In patients with incomplete SCI or intradural tumor resection stimulation below the lesion could be considered and tried in a trial setting before definitive implantation.
Green nail syndrome complicated by pseudomonal keratitis in a teenager with artificial nails
Authors: Nowakowska Malgorzata K. , Rodriguez Edgar D. , Gurney Nicholas T. , Chang Jack Y. , Hunt Raegan D. , Yen Kimberly G. , Kim Eric J. , Metry Denise W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGreen nail syndrome (GNS) is a pseudomonal nail infection that presents with characteristic green nail discoloration. It typically affects patients with preexisting nail conditions or chronic exposure to wet environments but can also be seen with local trauma. Our patient presented with a pseudomonal corneal ulcer of the left eye and was incidentally found to have GNS, which developed after home artificial nail application. This unusual case of extensive pediatric GNS illustrates a rare and serious infectious complication of prolonged artificial nails.
Effect of goods market segmentation on labor mobility: Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Dongmei , Hu Die , Sun Weizeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the effects of goods market segmentation on interregional labor mobility using data from National Population Surveys in China. The findings reveal that a one‐standard deviation increase in the goods market segmentation index reduces interprovincial migration by 4.0%. Restraining interregional trade and improving industrial specialization are the two mechanisms at work. Further analysis indicates that the restrictive effect of goods market segmentation is greater on highly educated laborers and the labor flows from poorer to richer regions. The heterogeneous analysis also implies that migrants are more concerned about educational resources and consumption diversity.
Equal justice under law? Prosecutor demographics and the death penalty
Authors: Robertson Jami‐Reese Darling , Bell Lauren C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrior research has established that crime victims’ and defendants’ demographic traits affect the sentence that criminal defendants receive. In addition, previous studies have found that judges’ and juries’ biases affect the outcomes in criminal cases. Yet, despite significant scholarly attention to the effect of race and gender on criminal sentencing, no previous study has explored whether prosecutors’ demographic traits influence the outcome of criminal cases. This is surprising, given that prosecutors are responsible for determining what crimes defendants are charged with and whether to pursue the death penalty in eligible cases. Here, we utilize data on federal death penalty‐eligible cases and the prosecutors who tried those cases to explore whether federal prosecutors’ demographic traits have an effect on whether the death penalty is imposed. We find that both race and gender have statistically significant effects on whether a defendant receives the death penalty, even when case‐specific effects including victim and defendant characteristics are controlled for.