bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probucol promotes osteoblasts differentiation and prevents osteoporosis development through reducing oxidative stress
Authors: Tao Zhou-Shan , Li Tian-Lin , Wei Shan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProbucol (PBC) is a potent cholesterol-lowering drug and has been studied extensively for its powerful antioxidative stress. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of PBC in ovariectomized rat model and to explore the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of MC3TE-E1 Cells. RT-qPCR and Immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression level of SOD2, SIRT1, intracellular oxidative stress levels and osteogenic markers proteins. Moreover, CCK-8 assay was conducted to detect cell viability. Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining were applied to examine osteogenic function and calcium deposits. The ovariectomized rat model was set up successfully and HE staining were employed to examine femoral trabeculae tissue. Our results showed that PBC suppressed MC3TE-E1 resist oxidative stress to promote osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, it was confirmed that PBC promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3TE-E1 through inhibiting oxidative stress. Further study indicated that PBC exerted its beneficial function by suppressing oxidative stress-mediated alter bone metabolism to alleviate osteoporosis in vivo. Our research suggested that the PBC-modulated oxidative stress inhibition is responsible for activation of the process of osteogenic differentiation, providing a novel insight into the treatment of osteoporosis.
Graphical abstract
Raman microspectroscopy fingerprinting of organoid differentiation state
Authors: Tubbesing Kate , Moskwa Nicholas , Khoo Ting Chean , Nelson Deirdre A. , Sharikova Anna , Feng Yunlong , Larsen Melinda , Khmaladze Alexander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrganoids, which are organs grown in a dish from stem or progenitor cells, model the structure and function of organs and can be used to define molecular events during organ formation, model human disease, assess drug responses, and perform grafting in vivo for regenerative medicine approaches. For therapeutic applications, there is a need for nondestructive methods to identify the differentiation state of unlabeled organoids in response to treatment with growth factors or pharmacologicals.MethodsUsing complex 3D submandibular salivary gland organoids developed from embryonic progenitor cells, which respond to EGF by proliferating and FGF2 by undergoing branching morphogenesis and proacinar differentiation, we developed Raman confocal microspectroscopy methods to define Raman signatures for each of these organoid states using both fixed and live organoids.ResultsThree separate quantitative comparisons, Raman spectral features, multivariate analysis, and machine learning, classified distinct organoid differentiation signatures and revealed that the Raman spectral signatures were predictive of organoid phenotype.ConclusionsAs the organoids were unlabeled, intact, and hydrated at the time of imaging, Raman spectral fingerprints can be used to noninvasively distinguish between different organoid phenotypes for future applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.
Using social media in Kenya to quantify road safety: an analysis of novel data
Authors: Lee J. Austin , Armes Lyndsey , Wachira Benjamin W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Road traffic injuries are a large and growing cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Africa. Systematic data collection for traffic incidents in Kenya is lacking and in many low- and middle-income countries available data sources are disparate or missing altogether. Many Kenyans use social media platforms, including Twitter; many road traffic incidents are publicly reported on the microblog platform. This study is a prospective cohort analysis of all tweets related to road traffic incidents in Kenya over a 24-month period (February 2019 to January 2021).

Results
A substantial number of unique road incidents (3882) from across Kenya were recorded during the 24-month study period. The details available for each incident are widely variable, as reported and posted on Twitter. Particular times of day and days of the week had a higher incidence of reported road traffic incidents. A total of 2043 injuries and 1503 fatalities were recorded.

Conclusions
Twitter and other digital social media platforms can provide a novel source for road traffic incident and injury data in a low- and middle-income country. The data collected allows for the potential identification of local and national trends and provides opportunities to advocate for improved roadways and health systems for the emergent care from road traffic incidents and associated traumatic injuries.
Small tumour microparticle enhances drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic antitumour efficacy
Authors: Jiang Zhou , Li Kai , Luo Yongzhong , Chen Bin , Meng Fanfan , Yi Huifang , Zhang Lemeng , Yang Hua , Zhou Wenwei , Cheng Tianli , Yi Huihuang , Yi Qing , Wen Xiaoping , Hu Sheng , Liu Hongyan , Chen Jianhua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumour cells is a major challenge for cancer chemotherapy. Recent studies show that tumour cell-derived microparticles can be used as vectors to package chemotherapeutic drugs, and selectively deliver drugs to tumour cells. Nevertheless, since the particle size range of microparticles is relatively wide, the sizes may exhibit different pharmacokinetic characteristics in the body, which will have a great impact on the application of drug-loaded microparticles. Here in this report, we compare the characteristics, distribution in vivo and antitumour efficacy of small microparticles (SMPs, ≤ 200 nm) and large microparticles (LMPs, > 200 nm) which loaded with methotrexate, in order to screen out more suitable carrier sizes.

Results
In vivo and in vitro studies have proved that the drug-loaded vesicles of SMPs (mainly 100–200 nm) are more reasonable, and the drug content and maintenance in tumour tissues. The time is significantly higher than that of LMPs (mainly 400–500 nm). At the same time, we found that SMPs can be better taken up and processed by DC cells to promote the proliferation of specific T cells. SMPs show obvious advantages in both drug delivery and immune activation, which is verified by the comparison of the efficacy of SMPs and LMPs in the treatment of solid tumours in mice.

Conclusions
The present data demonstrate that the SMPs had a higher cumulative concentration in tumour tissue, and the tumour suppressive effect was also significantly better than that of LMPs. It provides important process parameters for the drug-loaded vesicle delivery system. Future works will aim to expand production scale and improve the separation and purification process of the microparticles. Although the research and application of drug-loaded vesicles derived from tumour cells is still in its infancy, it has broad prospects for tumour therapy.
Trends in the epidemiology of depression and comorbidities from 2000 to 2019 in Belgium
Authors: Walrave Roosje , Beerten Simon Gabriël , Mamouris Pavlos , Coteur Kristien , Van Nuland Marc , Van Pottelbergh Gijs , Casas Lidia , Vaes Bert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common mental disorder in family practice with an impact on global health. The aim of this study is to provide insight in the trends of epidemiological measures as well as pharmacological treatments and comorbidities of depression.MethodsA study using data from INTEGO, a family practice registration network in Flanders, Belgium. Trends in age-standardized prevalence and incidence of depression from 2000 to 2019 as well as antidepressant prescriptions in prevalent depression cases were analyzed with join point regression. Comorbidity profiles were explored using the Cochran-Armitage test and the Jonckheere-Terpstra test.ResultsWe identified 538 299 patients older than 15 years during the study period. We found an increasing trend in the age-standardized prevalence of depression from 6.73 % in 2000 to 9.20 % in 2019. For the incidence of depression, a decreasing trend was observed from 2000 to 2015 with an incidence of 9.42/1000 in 2000 and 6.89/1000 in 2015, followed by an increasing trend from 2015 to 2019 (incidence of 13.64/1000 in 2019). The average number of chronic diseases per patient with depression increased significantly during the study period (from 1.2 to 1.8), and the proportion of patients relative to the whole study population that received at least one antidepressant prescription per year increased between 2000 and 2019 from 26.44% to 40.16%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression increases while the incidence sharply rises, but only in recent years. Patients with depression tend to have more comorbidities, making a multi-faceted approach to these patients more important.
Serum total indoxyl sulfate levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Shuang , Wu Qi-Jun , Xiao Jia , Wang Zhi-Hong , Mu Xiang-Wei , Zhang Yu , Wang Xue-Na , You Lian-Lian , Wang Sheng-Nan , Song Jia-Ni , Zhao Xiu-Nan , Wang Zhen-Zhen , Yan Xin-Yi , Jin Yu-Xin , Jiang Bo-Wen , Liu Shu-Xin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The association between serum total indoxyl sulfate (tIS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality is a matter of debate. In the current study we sought to determine the association, if any, between serum tIS, and all-cause and CVD-associated mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 500 MHD patients at Dalian Municipal Central Hospital from 31 December 2014 to 31 December 2020. Serum tIS levels were measured at baseline and classified as high (≥44.16 ng/ml) or low (< 44.16 ng/ml) according to the “X-tile” program. Besides, the associations between continuous serum tIS and outcomes were also explored. Predictors were tested for colinearity using variance inflation factor analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Restricted cubic spline model was performed to assess dose-response relationships between tIS concentration and all-cause and CVD mortality.

Results
During a 58-month median follow-up period, 224 deaths (132 CVD deaths) were documented. After adjustment for potential confounders, the serum tIS level was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 1.02, 95% = 1.01–1.03); however, we did not detect a significant association when tIS was a dichotomous variable. Compared with the MHD population with a serum tIS level < 44.16 ng/ml, the adjusted HR for CVD mortality among those with a serum tIS level ≥ 44.16 ng/ml was 1.76 (95% = 1.10–2.82). Furthermore, we also noted the same association when the serum tIS level was a continuous variable.

Conclusion
The serum tIS level was associated with higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among MHD patients. Further prospective large-scale studies are required to confirm this finding.
Hysteroscopic resection of type 3 fibroids could improve the pregnancy outcomes in infertile women: a case–control study
Authors: Han Ying , Yao Ruqiang , Zhang Yinfeng , Yang Zexin , Luo Haining , Wang XinYan , Du Aijun , Zhang Yunshan , Zhu Yingjun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 3 fibroids are a special subtype of intramural fibroids that are likely to affect the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques. Hysteroscopic resection is a treatment for type 3 fibroids, but there has few study of its efficacy to date. In this study we evaluated the effect of hysteroscopic resection of type 3 fibroids on the pregnancy outcomes in infertile women.

Methods
This retrospective case–control study was conducted from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2021. Patients who underwent IVF-ICSI in our unit were divided into a type 3 fibroid group and a hysteroscopic myomectomy group. The inclusion criteria for the type 3 fibroid group and the hysteroscopic myomectomy group were as follows: 1) age ≤ 40 years; 2) fibroid diameter or total fibroid diameter > 2.0 cm. The following exclusion criteria were used: 1) oocyte donor treatment cycles and 2) presence of chromosomal abnormalities; 3) history of other uterine surgery; 4) presence of intracavitary lesions, including submucosal fibroids; 5) single fibroid > 5.0 cm; 6) cervical fibroids; 7) unclear ultrasound description of fibroids; 8) preimplantation genetic testing was performed and 9) congenital or acquired uterine malformations. The control group in our study was selected from patients who were treated with IVF only because of fallopian tube factors. According to the age of the type 3 fibroid group and hysteroscopic myomectomy group, random sampling was carried out in the patients between 25 and 47 years of age to determine a control group. The outcomes measured included the average transfer times to live birth, cumulative clinical pregnancy rate, and cumulative live birth rate.

Results
A total of 302 cycles were enrolled in our study, including 125 cycles with type 3 fibroids, 122 cycles with hysteroscopic myomectomy, and 139 cycles of control patients. The average transfer times to live birth were significantly higher in the type 3 fibroid group than in the other two groups. The frequency of cumulative live births in the type 3 fibroid group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Compared with the control group, the hysteroscopic myomectomy patients had no statistically significant differences in the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate.

Conclusions
Type 3 fibroids significantly reduced the cumulative live birth rate of IVF patients. Ultrasound-guided hysteroscopic myomectomy can be used as a treatment for type 3 fibroids and could improve the pregnancy outcomes in infertile women.
Suprapatellar intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures in pregnancy. A report of two cases
Authors: Basile Attilio , Palmieri Laura , Lanzetti Riccardo , Sessa Pasquale , Spoliti Marco , Giai Via Alessio , Pipino Gennaro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Treatment of closed tibial shaft fractures in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy is controversial. Since there are few case reports published in literature, there is no consensus on the appropriate management of these fractures. This case report proposes intramedullary nailing throught the suprapatellar approach for the treatment of tibial shaft fracture in pregnant women, never described before in literature.

Case presentation
We report 2 cases of a tibial diaphyseal fracture treated by intramedullary nailing in women at the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusion
Surgical treatment of tibial shaft fracture of pregnant women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy with intramedullary nailing seems to be safe. The use of the specific suprapatellar approach helps in the intra-operative management of the pregnant patients.
Structural quality of labor and delivery care in government hospitals of Ethiopia: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Bayou Negalign B. , Grant Liz , Riley Simon C. , Bradley Elizabeth H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEthiopia has low skilled birth attendance rates coupled with low quality of care within health facilities contributing to one of the highest maternal mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa, at 412 deaths per 100,000 live births. There is lack of evidence on the readiness of health facilities to deliver quality labor and delivery (L&D) care. This paper describes the structural quality of routine L&D care in government hospitals of Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study design, involving census of all government hospitals in Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s Region (SNNPR) (N = 20) was conducted in November 2016 through facility audit using a structured checklist. Data collectors verified the availability and functioning of the required items through observation and interview with the heads of labor and delivery case team. An overall mean score of structural quality was calculated considering domain scores such as general infrastructure, human resource and essential drugs, supplies, equipment and laboratory services. Summary statistics such as proportion, mean and standard deviation were computed to describe the degree of adherence of the hospitals to the standards related to structural quality of routine labor and delivery care.ResultsOne third of hospitals had low readiness to provide quality routine L&D care, with only two approaching near fulfilment of all the standards. Hospitals had fulfilled 68.2% of the standards for the structural aspects of quality of L&D care. Of the facility audit criteria, the availability of essential equipment and supplies for infection prevention scored the highest (88.8%), followed by safety, comfort and woman friendliness of the environment (76.4%). Availability skilled health professionals and quality management practices scored 72.5% each, while availability of the required items of general infrastructure was 64.6%. The two critical domains with the lowest score were availability of essential drugs, supplies and equipment (52.2%); and laboratory services and safe blood supply (50%).ConclusionSubstantial capacity gaps were observed in the hospitals challenging the provision of quality routine L&D care services, with only two thirds of required resources available. The largest gaps were in laboratory services and safe blood, and essential drugs, supplies and equipment. The results suggest the need to ensure that all public hospitals in SNNPR meet the required structure to enable the provision of quality routine L&D care with emphases on the identified gaps.
Placental morphology in association with autism-related traits in the EARLI study
Authors: Zhong Caichen , Shah Ruchit , Rando Juliette , Park Bo , Girardi Theresa , Walker Cheryl K. , Croen Lisa A. , Fallin M. Daniele , Hertz-Picciotto Irva , Lee Brian K. , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Volk Heather E. , Newschaffer Craig J. , Salafia Carolyn M. , Lyall Kristen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In prior work we observed differences in morphology features in placentas from an autism-enriched cohort as compared to those from a general population sample. Here we sought to examine whether these differences associate with ASD-related outcomes in the child.

Methods
Participants (n = 101) were drawn from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), a cohort following younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD-related outcomes, including the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) Early Learning Composite, and ASD diagnosis, were assessed at age 3. Crude and adjusted linear regression was used to examine associations between placental morphological features (parametrized continuously and in quartiles) and SRS and MSEL scores; comparisons by ASD case status were explored as secondary analyses due to the small number of cases (n = 20).

Results
In adjusted analyses, we observed a modest positive association between umbilical cord eccentricity, defined as the ratio of the maximum:minimum radius from the cord insertion point, and SRS scores (Beta = 1.68, 95%CI = 0.45, 2.9). Positive associations were also suggested between placental maximum thickness and cord centrality and SRS scores, though these were estimated with little precision. Associations between other placental morphological features and outcomes were not observed.

Conclusions
Our analyses suggested a potential association between umbilical cord features and ASD-related traits, of interest as non-central cord insertion may reflect reduced placenta efficiency. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further examine these and other placental features in association with ASD-related outcomes.
Periocular basal cell carcinoma results and surgical outcome during a 5-year period in a larger Danish population
Authors: Karlsdóttir Sveina Björk , Johannessen Simon , Bjerrum Nikolaj Carsting , Frydkjær-Olsen Ulrik , Blindbæk Søren Leer , Møller Flemming , Wellejus Camilla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo report tumour pathology, surgical procedure, complication rates and overall outcome of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the Department of Ophthalmology at Sygehus Lillebaelt, Southern Denmark Region over a 5-year period.MethodsMedical records for all patients who underwent surgery for periocular BCC between January 2016 and December 2020 were reviewed. All tumours were excised with a 3 mm margin beyond the clinically apparent delimitation of the tumour and analysed by frozen section histological examination. Paraffin sections were subsequently examined for a final histopathological diagnosis. Patient age, gender, date of resection, former cancer history, referring unit and follow-up time were recorded. Furthermore, histological subtypes identified from biopsy and resection, lesion location, lesion diameter, free margin after the first operation, lacrimal punctum involvement, reconstructive techniques and complications were also recorded.ResultsA total of 242 surgical excisions from 237 patients were recorded. The mean age was 69.7 ± 12.6 with women significantly predominant compared to men (1.8:1,p < 0.0001, binomial test). The mean tumour diameter was 4.29 mm (range 0.5–20 mm). The most common location and histological subtype was the lower eyelid and nodular BCC respectively (64.9% and 74.0% of cases). In 17.4% of the patients, the initial resection margin on the frozen section histology was not free of tumour cells and the risk was significantly greater for BCC subtypes considered aggressive in terms of growth pattern (morphea form, infiltrative and micronodular features) as compared to non-aggressive BCC subtypes (nodular and superficial) (p = 0.002,X2). In 239 (98.8%) of the patients, the BCC was found to be radically removed after final histopathological examination.The sensitivity of identification of aggressive subtypes of periocular BCC in biopsies was 47.7%. No recurrences were found during the 5-year period.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a tendency towards more women than men being diagnosed with periocular BCC. The initial biopsy performed for all patients underestimated the aggressiveness of BCC in almost half of the cases while aggressive BCC subtypes were more likely to need further resection after frozen section compared to non-aggressive subtypes.