bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paeonol inhibits chronic constriction injury‐induced astrocytic activation and neuroinflammation in rats via the HDAC/miR‐15a pathway
Authors: Cai Longxue , Zeng Renqing , Huang Qi , Liu Xianfa , Cao Zuohong , Guo Qicai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeuropathic pain affects millions of people in the worldwide, but the major therapeutics perform limited effectiveness. Paeonol (PAE) is widely distributed in Paeonis albiflora, and has manifested anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects in multiple diseases. The present study aims to elucidate the effect of Paeonol (PAE) on neuropathic pain (NP) and the potential targets. Chronic constriction injury model was established to mimic NP in vivo in rats. The expression of GFAP, HDAC2, AHDAC3, Ac‐H3K9, Histone‐H3, Ac‐H4K12, Histone‐H4, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and/or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Ultimately, results indicated that intervention of PAE significantly blocked neuroinflammation and astrocytic activation via blocking HDAC/miR‐15a signaling in CCI rats. These data revealed PAE is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Non‐ubiquitous expression of core spliceosomal protein SmB/B′ in chick and mouse embryos
Authors: Turner Benedict R. H. , Mellor Charlotte , McElroy Clara , Bowen Natalie , Gu Wenjia , Knill Chris , Itasaki Nobue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough splicing is an integral part of the expression of many genes in our body, genetic syndromes with spliceosomal defects affect only specific tissues. To help understand the mechanism, we investigated the expression pattern of a core protein of the major spliceosome, SmB/B′ (Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptides B/B′), which is encoded by SNRPB. Loss‐of‐function mutations of SNRPB in humans cause cerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome (CCMS) characterized by rib gaps, micrognathia, cleft palate, and scoliosis. Our expression analysis focused on the affected structures as well as non‐affected tissues, using chick and mouse embryos as model animals.ResultsEmbryos at young stages (gastrula) showed ubiquitous expression of SmB/B′. However, the level and pattern of expression became tissue‐specific as differentiation proceeded. The regions relating to CCMS phenotypes such as cartilages of ribs and vertebrae and palatal mesenchyme express SmB/B′ in the nucleus sporadically. However, cartilages that are not affected in CCMS also showed similar expressions. Another spliceosomal gene, SNRNP200, which mutations cause retinitis pigmentosa, was also prominently expressed in cartilages in addition to the retina.ConclusionThe expression of SmB/B′ is spatiotemporally regulated during embryogenesis despite the ubiquitous requirement of the spliceosome, however, the expression pattern is not strictly correlated with the phenotype presentation.
Evaluation of transmission characteristics of differential and common modes of parallel two‐conductor microstrip lines with a Co‐Zr‐Nb film
Authors: Masaki Masataka , Muroga Sho , Mikami Takahiro , Tanaka Motoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effect of sheet‐ and film‐type electromagnetic noise suppressors on differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) transmission characteristics in two parallel lines was investigated. Simple two parallel microstrip lines with a Co‐Zr‐Nb film were used as a test bench. The transmission characteristics of DM and CM were measured by four‐port network analyzer. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and eddy current losses generated in the Co‐Zr‐Nb film were calculated by 3D full wave simulator, and the effects of these losses on the transmission characteristics were estimated. The results show that the transmission characteristics are different in DM and CM because the frequency characteristics of the losses are different according to the different FMR frequency in each mode. Furthermore, the feasibility of the application of the magnetic film as a frequency‐selective CM filter is demonstrated by using the difference in frequency characteristics of loss of DM and CM.
Dispersal, kin aggregation, and the fitness consequences of not spreading sibling larvae
Authors: Burgess Scott C. , Powell Jackson , Bueno Marília 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDispersal has far‐reaching implications for individuals, populations, and communities, especially in sessile organisms. Escaping competition with conspecifics and with kin are theorized to be key factors leading to dispersal as an adaptation. However, manipulative approaches in systems in which adults are sessile but offspring have behaviors is required for a more complete understanding of how competition affects dispersal. Here, we integrate a series of experiments to study how dispersal affects the density and relatedness of neighbors, and how the density and relatedness of neighbors in turn affects fitness. In a marine bryozoan, we empirically estimated dispersal kernels and found that most larvae settled within ~1 m of the maternal colony, although some could potentially travel at least 10s of meters. Larvae neither actively preferred or avoided conspecifics or kin at settlement. We experimentally determined the effects of spreading sibling larvae by manipulating the density and relatedness of settlers and measuring components of fitness in the field. We found that settler density reduced maternal fitness when settler neighbors were siblings compared with when neighbors were unrelated or absent. Genetic markers also identified very few half sibs (and no full sibs) in adults from the natural population, and rarely close enough to directly interact. In this system, dispersal occurs over short distances (meters) yet, in contrast with expectations, there appears to be limited kinship between adult neighbors. Our results suggest that the limited dispersal increases early offspring mortality when siblings settle next to each other, rather than next to unrelated conspecifics, potentially reducing kinship in adult populations. High offspring production and multiple paternity could further dilute kinship at settlement and reduce selection for dispersal beyond the scale of 10s of meters.
Warming reduced flowering synchrony and extended community flowering season in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Yaya , Collins Scott L. , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhang Tianwu , Yang Xiangrong , An Hang , Hu Guorui , Xin Chunming , Zhou Juan , Sheng Xiongjie , He Mingrui , Zhang Panhong , Guo Zengpeng , Zhang Hui , Li Lanping , Ma Miaojun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe timing of phenological events is highly sensitive to climate change, and may influence ecosystem structure and function. Although changes in flowering phenology among species under climate change have been reported widely, how species‐specific shifts will affect phenological synchrony and community‐level phenology patterns remains unclear. We conducted a manipulative experiment of warming and precipitation addition and reduction to explore how climate change affected flowering phenology at the species and community levels in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We found that warming advanced the first and last flowering times differently and with no consistent shifts in flowering duration among species, resulting in the entire flowering period of species emerging earlier in the growing season. Early‐flowering species were more sensitive to warming than mid‐ and late‐flowering species, thereby reducing flowering synchrony among species and extending the community‐level flowering season. However, precipitation and its interactions with warming had no significant effects on flowering phenology. Our results suggest that temperature regulates flowering phenology from the species to community levels in this alpine meadow community, yet how species shifted their flowering timing and duration in response to warming varied. This species‐level divergence may reshape flowering phenology in this alpine plant community. Decreasing flowering synchrony among species and the extension of community‐level flowering seasons under warming may alter future trophic interactions, with cascading consequences to community and ecosystem function.
Integrated evidence‐based extent of occurrence for North American bison (Bison bison) since 1500 CE and before
Authors: Martin Jeff M. , Short Rachel A. , Plumb Glenn E. , Markewicz Lauren , Van Vuren Dirk H. , Wehus‐Tow Bradly , Otárola‐Castillo Erik , Hill Matthew E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFollowing the near extinction of bison (Bison bison) from its historic range across North America in the late 19th century, novel bison conservation efforts in the early 20th century catalyzed a popular widespread conservation movement to protect and restore bison among other species and places. Since Allen's initial delineation (1876) of the historic distribution of North American bison, subsequent attempts have been hampered by knowledge gaps about bison distribution and abundance prior to and following colonial arrival and settlement. For the first time, we applied a multidisciplinary approach to assemble a comprehensive, integrated geographic database and meta‐analysis of bison occurrence over the last 200,000 years, with particular emphasis on the 450 years before present. We combined paleontology, archaeology, and historical ecology data for our database, which totaled 6438 observations. We derived the observations from existing online databases, published literature, and first‐hand exploration journal entries. To illustrate the conservative maximum historical extent of occurrence of bison, we created a concave hull using observations occurring over the last 450 years (n = 3379 observations), which is the broadly accepted historical benchmark at 1500 CE covering 59% of the North American continent. Although this distribution represents a historic extent of occurrence—merely delineating the maximum margins of the near‐continental distribution—it does not replace a density‐based approach reconstructing potential historical range distributions, which identifies core and marginal ranges. However, we envision the observations contained in this database will contribute to further research in the increasingly evidence‐based disciplines of bison ecology, evolution, rewilding, management, and conservation. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions on these data, and this data paper should be cited when the data are reused.
Zinc nutrition and human health: Overview and implications
Authors: Sangeetha V. J. , Dutta Sayantani , Moses J. A. , Anandharamakrishnan C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZinc deficiency, being the fifth leading risk factor for diseases is associated with several disorders and infections, especially diarrhea. The common strategies for sustaining zinc's bioavailability include food fortification, biofortification, supplementation, and dietary diversification. To obtain the best technique, we need to appraise ourselves of the causes of deficiency, zinc bioavailability modalities, potential enhancers as well as inhibitors. This review highlights the role of zinc in human health, its bioavailability, causes and consequences of deficiency, and the strategies to alleviate the deficiency. The strategy of supplementation is pertinent, mostly for the population for whom the usual diet is insufficient for replenishment, and in a short period, the zinc status has to be enhanced. For high‐risk groups, fortification could be targeted to prevent potent inhibitors from hindering zinc absorption. By biofortification, enhancement of zinc concentration can be obtained in the edible portion of plants. Germination, fermentation, addition of enhancers, and other processing techniques also help to increase zinc absorption. Dietary modification is found to be an economically feasible, equitable, and sustainable strategy, and can be used to mitigate zinc deficiencies without any antagonistic effect. These strategies should be integrated with health and nutrition programs to create awareness and education, to enhance their sustainability and effectiveness.
Optimization and characterization of malted proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) based bread
Authors: Mohan Aringalayan Nikhitha , Singh Rakhi , Mishra Shivangi , Thangalakshmi S. , Kaur Barjinder Pal , Bajpai Vivek K. , Singh Anurag 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn optimal mixture design was employed to optimize flour combination consisting of refined wheat flour (50%–75.9%), malted proso millet flour (20%–45.7%), and gluten (2%–5%) on responses, namely bread volume, hardness, springiness, L* value of crust, L* value of crumb, and overall acceptability of malted millet bread. The optimum level was found to be 73.3% of refined wheat flour, 24.7% of malted proso millet, and 2% of gluten, resulting in bread volume (773.33 cm3), hardness (79.08 N), springiness (0.054 mm), L* value crust (58.16), L* value crumb (64.08), and overall acceptability (7.89), respectively. The optimized bread showed significantly higher protein, ash, crude fiber, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activity than the control refined wheat flour bread. Therefore, optimized bread exhibited higher nutritional properties, making it appropriate for large‐scale production to improve consumers' nutrient delivery and protein requirements.
Dye‐Sensitization‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of BiOCl/Sulfur Quantum Dot Heterojunction under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Liang Yuting , Tao Ying , Cao Congli , Liu Yunni , Xu Hu , Yu Jun , Tao Jianwei , Li Guisheng , Wang Yuhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a novel narrow band gap sulfur quantum dots (SQDs)‐modified BiOCl heterojunction (BOC/SQDs) for the photo‐degradation of hazardous organic pollutants via rhodamine B (RhB)‐sensitization. Such a high photocatalytic activity of RhB‐sensitized BOC/SQDs heterojunction derives not only from the improved visible‐light response capacity, high surface area/pore volume, suitable band structure for efficient electron transfer, but also from the surge of the number of electrons via RhB‐sensitization for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Superoxide radicals (⋅O2−), holes (h+), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play the important roles in the photo‐degradation. A possible mechanism for RhB‐sensitization enhanced degradation performance for treating organic pollutants by BOC/SQDs is proposed. The combination of dye‐sensitization with BOC/SQDs heterojunction can explore a greener, energy saving, and efficient photo‐induced nanoplatform for treating organic pollutants in aqueous media.
Minthostachys Mollis Essential Oil and Its Combination with Tert‐butylhydroquinone for Control of Lipid Oxidation
Authors: López Paloma Lucía , Juncos Nicolle Stefani , Grosso Nelson Rubén , Olmedo Rubén Horacio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLipid oxidation constitutes a problem because it affects food quality and safety. The aim is to study the effect of Minthostachys mollis essential oil and its combination with Tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) on lipid oxidation mechanisms to control lipid deterioration and maintain adequate food protection. An accelerated oxidation test with sunflower oil is carried out at 60 °C, and samples are extracted in triplicate every week (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Peroxide value, conjugated dienes, p‐anisidine, and oxidation volatiles compounds are measured. M. mollis showed low antioxidant activity (AA) and worse AA combined with TBHQ. However, combined TBHQ and M. mollis essential oil systems impact on the secondary reactions of lipid oxidation, which result in smaller amounts of oxidation volatile compounds.Practical applications: Nowadays, synthetic additives, compared to natural ones, presents a negative consumer perception. Regarding antioxidant activity, the essential oils show a good antioxidant response, but sometimes they do not have a very strong effect, unlike synthetic antioxidant such as Tert‐butylhydroquinone or butylated hydroxytoluene. The essential oil as an antioxidant in food system implies that they need to put a high concentration of it, bringing a strong odor to the food. However, the essential oil provides flavor to food with a good consumer perception. This combination can be used as an alternative to prevent lipid oxidation, using a lower concentration of both.
Domino Reactions through Recursive Anionic Cascades: The Advantageous Use of Nitronates
Authors: Sengupta Saumitra , Pabbaraja Srihari , Mehta Goverdhan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecursive Anionic Cyclization (RAC) continues to proliferate as a mechanistically distinct domino strategy. Deployment of nitroalkanes as a source of recursive carbanions has created a niche operating space for generating molecular complexity and diversity. This new corollary i. e. recursive nitronate cyclization is the basis of a domino [5 C+1 C] cyclization strategy wherein nitroalkanes act as one‐carbon lynchpin, providing rapid access to topologically intriguing, densely functionalized carbo‐ and heterocycles embodying multiple chiral centers with regio‐, stereo‐ and enantioselectivity. Extension to aromatic domains, particularly via benzannulation reactions, has further consolidated the operating space. While leveraging the functional versatility of nitro group for post‐domino modifications, such endeavors have culminated in total synthesis of diverse natural products. An incisive analysis of recursive nitronate cyclizations and their emergent potentials is delineated in this review. It is hoped that this focused narrative will enthuse and draw new practitioners to the arena to advance the field.
Unprecedented formation of reactive BrO– ions and their role as mediators for organic compounds degradation: The fate of bromide ions released during the anodic oxidation of Bromophenol blue dye
Authors: Carvalho de Almeida Camila , Ganiyu Soliu O. , Martínez‐Huitle Carlos A. , dos Santos Elisama Vieira , Barrios Eguiluz Katlin Ivon , Salazar‐Banda Giancarlo Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the existing literature, active chlorine‐mediated electrochemical oxidation has been extensively studied when Cl‒ is added or Cl‒ is already present in the water matrices, as well as when Cl‒ is released from the target organic pollutants during their degradation. However, no attempts have been published concerning the fate and role of bromide (Br‒) ions released during the anodic oxidation (AO) of organobromine compounds. Therefore, the AO of bromophenol blue dye (BPB) was investigated in a parallel plate flow reactor using a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode. The effect of the applied current on the color removal efficiency and mineralization of BPB solution was examined and compared with AO of phenol red (PR) which has a similar molecular structure to BPB (but without Br) in order to understand the role of Br heteroatoms on the mineralization of BPB. Faster and higher mineralization and discoloration were achieved when treated with BPB solution compared to PR under similar experimental conditions. This behavior was associated with the electrogeneration of BrO‒, from the heteroatom Br which is released as the bromide ion (Br‒), during the degradation of BPB. The active bromine species are formed via direct and indirect oxidation approaches which were proposed based on ion chromatography and linear scanning voltammetry analysis.
Environmental and damage assessment of transparent solar cells compared with first and second generations using the LCA approach
Authors: Zahedi Rahim , Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Aslani Alireza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the development of different generations of solar cell (photovoltaic) technologies, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate their performances, applications, and cost benefits. Despite these technologies being known as green technologies compared with fossil fuels, however, their environmental problems and damages have not been assessed and compared systematically in their whole life cycle. In this study, the environmental effects of different solar cell generations are assessed and compared using the life cycle assessment approach. Environmentally speaking, the results obtained from the software indicate that the first (polycrystalline) and third (transparent Perovskite) generation panels cause the greatest (1.43 × E−6 Daly) and least (4.56 × E−7 Daly) damage to human health, respectively. In addition, these two generations of photovoltaic panels have the most significant and least negative influence on the ecosystem with 2.18 × E−8 and 7.05 × E−10 Species.Yr, respectively. Regarding the environmental effect of damage to the resources, the third and second (cadmium telluride) panels have the least damage with 0.027 USD2013 and 0.0184 USD2013, respectively. The most negative midpoint effect is associated with the marine ecotoxicity of 0.101 kg 1.4‐DCB by the second generation panels. Concerning global warming as the most critical consequence, all three panels also severely impact increasing the global warming index by 399, 164, and 134 (gCO2 eq), respectively. Based on perovskite technologies that are being rapidly evolved with extensive applications, replacing this technology with the current generations is expected due to its less environmental impacts.
Dynamic response and emergency measures under failure conditions of sCO2 Brayton cycle
Authors: Wang Rui , Li Xinyu , Qin Zheng , Wang Lintao , Lin Zhimin , Wang Xuan , Tian Hua , Shu Gequn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe sCO2 Brayton cycle has gained interest because of its flexibility and ability to provide higher thermomechanical conversion efficiency. Studies on failure conditions and corresponding emergency measures are of great significance to ensure the safety of the system, while there are limited studies related to the sCO2 Brayton cycle because the test circuit has not been applied in practice at present. In this study, we have developed a dynamic model of the CO2 Brayton cycle, and carefully validated its components against experimental data. Preliminary safety assessment and dynamic response under loss of cooling water (LOCW), loss of heat source (LOHS), and pipeline leakage have been analyzed. Emergency strategies are proposed to maintain the safe operation under failure conditions. The primary objective of this study is to reveal the dynamic performance and emergency measures under failure conditions of the sCO2 Brayton cycle. The results demonstrate that the system net power decreases at rates close to 10%/s and less than 0.1%/s under LOCW and LOHS, respectively. The system responds more dramatically under LOCW compared with LOHS. The system needs emergency measures under LOCW, while it has sufficient time to realize a normal slow shutdown under LOHS. The leakage rate is at least five times higher in the high‐pressure pipeline compared with the low‐pressure pipeline for the same area of the leakage hole. Under pipeline leakage, the heat source should be cut‐off slowly, and the rotation speeds of the main compressor and recompressor should be reduced simultaneously to protect the system.
Parallel evolution in human populations: A biocultural perspective
Authors: Balentine Christina M. , Bolnick Deborah A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParallel evolution—where different populations evolve similar traits in response to similar environments—has been a topic of growing interest to biologists and biological anthropologists for decades. Parallel evolution occurs in human populations thanks to myriad biological and cultural mechanisms that permit humans to survive and thrive in diverse environments worldwide. Because humans shape and are shaped by their environments, biocultural approaches that emphasize the interconnections between biology and culture are key to understanding parallel evolution in human populations as well as the nuances of human biological variation and adaptation. In this review, we discuss how biocultural theory has been and can be applied to studies of parallel evolution and adaptation more broadly. We illustrate this through four examples of parallel evolution in humans: malaria resistance, lactase persistence, cold tolerance, and high‐altitude adaptation.