bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atlas in progress – health care for patients with chronic illness
Authors: Byhring Hanne Sigrun , Vonen Barthold 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last 7 years the Norwegian health atlas service has produced a total of 11 atlases covering subjects such as psychiatric health services, gynecology, orthopedics, specialist health services for children and for the elderly and healthcare quality to mention some. The form of all 11 atlases has been more or less the same since the first atlas was published in 2015. Over time we have realized that our atlas “products” could and should be more easily accessible, to better serve as a tool for improving health care services. Therefore, as part of the process of creating our latest atlas, the Atlas of health care for patients with chronic illness, we have set about reinventing the visual expression of the net-based presentation. The Atlas of health care for patients with chronic illness also provides the first opportunity to explore the possibilities and limitations of a unique new data set covering most government-funded health care in Norway for a time period of 4 years, where we can follow each patient across levels of care. Since the publication of the first health atlas for Norway in 2015, much attention has been given to geographic variation in the use of health services. However, as far as we can see little has changed – the atlases have sparked discussions, but not as much action from the decisionmakers. It is clear to us that to spark real change, we must engage more and better with the intended users of the atlases – leaders and decisionmakers, health care professionals and patients and indeed the national ministry of health. Finding ways to achieve this will be a main focus for our efforts in the coming years.
Anesthetists knowledge, practices, and associated factors towards infection prevention in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Terefe , Tesfaye Biruk , Woldeyohannes Misrak , Regasa Teshome , Neme Derartu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Every year, hundreds of millions of individuals are afflicted by preventable illnesses in the health care system. In surgical patients in Sub-Saharan Africa, the rate of nosocomial infection ranges from 2.5 to 30.9%. Anesthesia doctors have a direct impact on the risk of perioperative infection. In the operating theater, 7% of surgical patients have a healthcare-associated infection. According to a study, bacterial transmission in the OR anesthesia work area was linked to 30-day postoperative illnesses in as many as 16% of surgical patients.

Objective
This study aims to assess anesthetists knowledge, practices, and associated factors towards infection prevention in xxx public hospitals.

Method
ology: A cross-sectional survey of 220 anesthetists working in xxx hospitals was undertaken using standardized pretested and self-administered questionnaires. The information gathered was double-checked for accuracy before being entered into the EPI INFO7 software and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. For bivariate and multivariable analysis, descriptive statistical analysis was done, and a logistic regression model was built. A 95% confidence level and an alpha of 0.05 were employed to determine the existence of a relationship between variables.

Result
A total of 220 anesthetists took part. 82.7% (95% of CL: 77.7–87.7) and 48.2% (95% of CL: 41.4–55.4) of respondents were rated as knowledgeable about infection prevention and safe procedures, respectively. The presence of an infection prevention committee and recommendations is significantly linked to both knowledge and practice in infection prevention.

Conclusion
According to the findings of this study, the majority of anesthetists have a good understanding of infection prevention and nearly half of anesthetists have inadequate infection prevention practice. Infection prevention guidelines should be developed, enough supplies of personal protective equipment should be available, and an infection prevention committee should be strengthened.

Highlights
Clinical outcome of rapid diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship in patients with bloodstream infection in Lampang Hospital
Authors: Sakulkonkij Parichart , Bruminhent Jackrapong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bloodstream infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment contribute to a favorable prognosis. We demonstrate a reduction of time to proper antibiotics and reduced mortality utilizing prompt diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship by infectious diseases physicians at a general hospital in Thailand.
Risk Perception, Learning, and Willingness to Pay to Reduce Heart Disease Risk
Authors: Dickie Mark , Adamowicz Wiktor , Gerking Shelby , Veronesi Marcella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates the validity of individual perceptions of heart disease risks, and examines how information and risk perceptions affect marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) to reduce risk, using data from a stated preference survey. Results indicate that risk perceptions held before receiving risk information are plausibly related to objective risk factors and reflect individual-specific information not found in aggregate measures of objective risk. After receiving information, individuals’ updates of prior risk assessments are broadly consistent with Bayesian learning. Perceived heart disease risks thus satisfy construct validity and provide a valid basis for inferring MWTP to reduce risk. Consistent estimators of the relationship of MWTP to endogenously perceived risk are developed. Estimating MWTP based on objective rather than subjective risks causes misleading inferences about benefits of risk reduction. An empirical case study shows that estimated benefits may be as much as 60–98 % higher when estimated using individuals’ heterogeneous perceptions of risk than when using aggregate estimates of objective risk. The main contributions include assessing the validity of risk perceptions and their updating, consistently estimating the relationship between MWTP and endogenously perceived risk, and demonstrating the importance of employing risk perception information for accurate benefit measurement.
Informatics education for translational research teams: An unrealized opportunity to strengthen the national research infrastructure
Authors: Mendonca Eneida A. , Richesson Rachel L. , Hochheiser Harry , Cooper Dan M. , Bruck Meg N. , Berner Eta S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To identify the informatics educational needs of clinical and translational research professionals whose primary focus is not informatics.

Introduction:
Informatics and data science skills are essential for the full spectrum of translational research, and an increased understanding of informatics issues on the part of translational researchers can alleviate the demand for informaticians and enable more productive collaborations when informaticians are involved. Identifying the level of interest in different topics among various types of of translational researchers will help set priorities for development and dissemination of informatics education.

Methods:
We surveyed clinical and translational science researchers in Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) programs about their educational needs and preferences.

Results:
Researchers from 23 out of the 62 CTSA hubs responded to the survey. 67% of respondents across roles and topics expressed interest in learning about informatics topics. There was high interest in all 30 topics included in the survey, with some variation in interest depending on the role of the respondents.

Discussion:
Our data support the need to advance training in clinical and biomedical informatics. As the complexity and use of information technology and data science in research studies grows, informaticians will continue to be a limited resource for research collaboration, education, and training. An increased understanding of informatics issues across translational research teams can alleviate this burden and allow for more productive collaborations. To inform a roadmap for informatics education for research professionals, we suggest strategies to use the results of this needs assessment to develop future informatics education.
Developing patient-centered outcomes research infrastructure in a rural community through patient and stakeholder engagement and education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lovelett Carly , Medeiros Michelle , Jaremczuk Daniel , Flanagan Jennie , Shaver Jennifer , LaLone Elaine , Kedar Eyal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In addition to facing numerous healthcare disparities, rural America is chronically underrepresented in clinical research. This gap was made more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. St Lawrence Health, located in rural Upstate New York, established its Clinical and Rural Health Research Department in 2015 to help close this gap. The research department then launched the DISRUPTS (Developing InfraStructure for Research to Utilize Patient-centered Techniques at St Lawrence Health System) program to build the infrastructure to conduct Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR). Together with a diverse committee, the team used proven methods and frameworks to develop a model for engagement, content creation, and education delivery that was successfully used to create educational programs on PCOR and COVID-19. The resulting DISRUPTS webinars had a combined total of over 450 live attendees and over 1,110 views on recordings. Furthermore, nearly one-third of those who participated in the COVID-19 vaccines webinar indicated they were more likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine after taking part. DISRUPTS can serve as an important model for other rural communities that aim to increase access to and engagement in PCOR, and which hope to improve outreach and education efforts in their communities.
Methodological issues when using face prototypes: A case study on the Faceaurus dataset
Authors: Bovet Jeanne , Tognetti Arnaud , Pollet Thomas V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Prototype faces, created by averaging faces from several individuals sharing a common characteristic (for example a certain personality trait), can be used for highly informative experimental designs in face research. Although the facial prototype method is both ingenious and useful, we argue that its implementation is associated with three major issues: lack of external validity and non-independence of the units of information, both aggravated by a lack of transparency regarding the methods used and their limitations. Here, we describe these limitations and illustrate our claims with a systematic review of studies creating facial stimuli using the prototypes dataset ‘Faceaurus’. We then propose some solutions that can eliminate or reduce these problems. We provide recommendations for future research employing this method on how to produce more generalisable and replicable results.
Subject relativewhoin Ontario, Canada: Change from above in a transplanted ecology
Authors: Brook Marisa , Tagliamonte Sali A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhoas a restrictive relativizer in English is an old change from above. In urban dialects, it still acts as a prestige form, whereas it is infrequent or negligible in rural British and American varieties. We compare earlier findings from Toronto, the largest city in the province of Ontario (D’Arcy & Tagliamonte, 2010), with a range of communities from the Ontario Dialects Project (Tagliamonte, 2003–present). While none of the rural locations has as muchwhoas Toronto, there is a substantial range. Regions along the major highways to the north and east of the city have morewho, while the smaller towns in less accessible locations have less, consistent with a Cascade Model effect (Labov, 2003). Nonetheless,whoshows evidence of diffusion, increasing in apparent time in recent decades. We suggest that this reflects overt pressure from above, consistent with the enduring role that prestige plays in English relativizer variation.
Listening in/to Literature
Authors: Mitchell Tamara L. 
Published: October 2022

This essay reviews the following works:Tropical Riffs: Latin America and the Politics of Jazz. By Jason Borge. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. 266. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822369905.The Cry of the Senses: Listening to Latinx and Caribbean Poetics. By Ren Ellis Neyra. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2020. Pp. xvii + 222. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478011170.Hearing Voices: Aurality and New Spanish Sound Culture in Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. By Sarah Finley. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. Pp. 252. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781496211798.Writing by Ear: Clarice Lispector and the Aural Novel. By Marília Librandi. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018. Pp. xxi + 214. $88.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781487502140.The Senses of Democracy: Perception, Politics, and Culture in Latin America. By Francine R. Masiello. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. Pp. 326. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477315040.Sonar: Navegación/localización del sonido en las prácticas artísticas del siglo XX. By Luz María Sánchez Cardona. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Juan Pablos Editor, 2018. Pp. 171. $34.99 paperback. ISBN: 9786072815469.
Lifestyle and dietary factors, iron status and one-carbon metabolism polymorphisms in a sample of Italian women and men attending a Transfusion Medicine Unit: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bortolus Renata , Filippini Francesca , Chiaffarino Francesca , Udali Silvia , Rinaldi Marianna , Gandini Giorgio , Montagnana Martina , Lippi Giuseppe , Olivieri Oliviero , Parazzini Fabio , Friso Simonetta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIron (Fe) status among healthy male and female blood donors, aged 18–65 years, is estimated. General characteristics and lifestyle factors, dietary habits and major one-carbon metabolism-related polymorphisms were also investigated. An explorative cross-sectional study design was used to examine a sample of blood donors attending the Transfusion Medicine Unit of the Verona University Hospital, Italy. From April 2016 to May 2018, 499 subjects were enrolled (255 men, 244 women, 155 of whom of childbearing age). Major clinical characteristics including lifestyle, dietary habits and Fe status were analysed. The MTHFR 677C > T, cSHMT 1420C > T, DHFR 19bp ins/del and RFC1 80G > A polymorphisms were also assayed. Mean plasma concentrations of Fe and ferritin were 16·6 µmol/l (95 % CI 16·0, 17·2) and 33·8 µg/l (95 % CI 31·5, 36·2), respectively. Adequate plasma Fe concentrations (> 10·74 µmol/l) were detected in 84·3 % and adequate ferritin concentrations (20–200 µg/l) was found in 72·5 % of the whole cohort. Among the folate-related polymorphisms analysed, carriers of the DHFR 19bp del/del mutant allele showed lower ferritin concentration when compared with DHFR 19bp ins/del genotypes. In a sample of Italian healthy blood donors, adequate plasma concentrations of Fe and ferritin were reached in a large proportion of subjects. The relationship of Fe status with lifestyle factors and folate-related polymorphisms requires more investigation to clarify further gene–nutrient interactions between folate and Fe metabolism.
Circulating direct infusion MS and NMR metabolomic profiles of post-gonadectomy kittens with or without additional dietary choline supplementation
Authors: Godfrey Hannah , Rankovic Alexandra , Grant Caitlin E. , Abood Sarah K. , Shoveller Anna Kate , Bakovic Marica , Verbrugghe Adronie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCholine is beneficial for energy metabolism and growth in various species. Choline may work similarly in kittens at risk of obesity. Direct infusion MS (Di-MS) and NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the metabolomic signatures of kittens supplemented with or without additional dietary choline for 12 weeks. Fifteen intact male kittens consumed a base diet (3310 mg choline/kg DM) to their daily metabolisable energy requirement (DER) over an 11-week acclimation. Kittens were gonadectomised and assigned, based on body weight, to the base diet (CONTROL,n7) or the base diet with 300 mg/kgBW0·75additional choline as choline chloride (CHOLINE,n8) and offered three times their individual energy requirement divided into three meals. At weeks −1 and 12, fasted blood was sampled and serum analysed for 130 metabolites via Di-MS and fifty-one metabolites via NMR spectroscopy. Changes in fasted metabolites were assessed using a repeated-measures GLIMMIX procedure with time and group as fixed effects, and time as a repeated measure. Metabolites of one-carbon metabolism and lipids increased, and medium-chain acyl carnitines decreased from week −1 to 12 for CHOLINE (P< 0·05), but not CONTROL (P> 0·05). Increases in amino acid, biogenic amine and organic compound concentrations were observed in both groups (P< 0·05). The results suggest impacts of dietary choline at greater intakes than currently recommended on one-carbon metabolism and fatty acid oxidation, and these may promote healthy growth in post-gonadectomy kittens.
A New Old Reign: How Traditional Privileges and Old Laws Established Austrian Rule in the Southern Netherlands after 1713
Authors: Karstens Simon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow did early modern sovereigns establish authority over newly acquired territories? This is the question behind this article which examines the beginning of Austrian rule in the Southern Netherlands after the Peace of Utrecht 1713. Transfers of sovereignty like these marked the end of international conflicts and lead to the change or reinforcement of the social and political order within affected territories. Therefore, their analysis offers new insight into early modern state building. To achieve this, the article first offers an overview of the events before and after the transfer of sovereignty. This is followed by a closer look at the vital role of the relationship between the local church and the new ruler. Finally, a spotlight will be cast on a tax called Pain d'Abbaye, which serves as a example for an empowering interaction that helped to create a stable relationship between the new Lord and his new subjects.
Metternich and the Suez Canal: Informal Diplomacy in the Interests of Central Europe
Authors: Šedivý Miroslav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKlemens von Metternich played an important role as leader of the Austrian bureaucrats and diplomats in supporting construction of the Suez Canal. He participated in many ways, often informal ones, which before 1848 resulted from his political circumspection and afterward from the fact that he was just a private individual. His so-to-speak informal diplomacy is interesting not only because it discloses the high level of interest he and other Austrian dignitaries paid to the issue but also because it reveals how accessible Metternich was to those involved in the project regardless of nationality, political leanings, and religion. Metternich's interest in the Suez Canal brought him into contact with Europeans as well as Ottomans, conservatives as well as liberals, and even Saint-Simonians: in other words, all who wished to cooperate for the benefit of central Europe and beyond.
Black Police Power: The Political Moment of the Jamaica Constabulary
Authors: Maoz Eilat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContemporary debates on policing trace the rise of “law and order” populism and police militarization to colonial histories and imperial boomerang effects. In a time marked by the renewed imperative “to decolonize,” however, few studies examine what decolonizing policing did or could look like in practice. This article draws on oral history narratives of Jamaican police officers to recover their ideas about transforming the colonial Jamaica Constabulary Force in the 1970s. Born out of black power mobilizations and under a democratic socialist government (1972–1980), police decolonization was viewed as part of broader transformative effort to rid the country of colonial inheritances in economics, culture, and politics. Jamaican policemen, radicalized since the early twentieth century, then began revising their social mandate and ask who the police should serve and protect. Ultimately, due to internal contradictions and external pressures, the experiment failed, giving rise to police populism and increased violence against black men and women in the ghettos. The episode reveals how populism emerges out of a failure of emancipatory campaigns and how radical critique can turn into ideological justification. It also highlights the need to distinguish between diverse, contradictory, and overlapping demands to decolonize societies and institutions today.
Expert-based assessment of the climate change vulnerability of amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay
Authors: Vaz-Canosa Pablo , Laufer Gabriel , Borteiro Claudio , Baldo Diego , Prigioni Carlos , Soutullo Alvaro 
Published: October 2022

SummaryClimate change (CC) is a major threat to biodiversity, increasing species extinction risk. Assessments of its possible impacts on species are crucial for designing conservation strategies. Here, we adjusted a global trait-based approach to the national level and apply it to Uruguay (South America) to evaluate the CC vulnerability of its herpetofauna. A total of 112 species were assessed in a scenario of CC projections for 2050 with regard to three dimensions of vulnerability: sensitivity, low adaptive capacity and exposure. We conducted the assessment through an expert elicitation process based on the Delphi method. We found that most local species (64.6% amphibians; 100% reptiles) were highly sensitive to CC. Among them, seven amphibians (14.6%) and seven reptiles (10.9%) were identified as highly vulnerable to CC. Important gaps in the life-history traits of the species were found that should guide future research. The structured expert consultation process allowed us to gather more and better information than if it had only been based on published sources. Our study identified challenges associated with changing the scale from global to national that might be used for similar assessments in other countries.
Développement d’une version française adaptée de l’Ambivalent Ageism Scale : une mesure de l’âgisme
Authors: D’hondt Sylvie , Degryse Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2022

RésuméL’objectif de cette étude était d’introduire un processus de traduction et de validation de l’Ambivalent Ageism Scale en français. L’Ambivalent Ageism scale (AAS) est la première échelle de mesure qui prend en compte l’âgisme bienveillant. Notre étude a suivi trois grandes étapes : la traduction, l’enquête et la validation. L’enquête transversale a été réalisée auprès d’étudiants de master en Sciences de la santé publique de la Faculté de santé publique de l’UClouvain lors de l’année académique 2019–2020 : sur 544 inscrits, 111 étudiants ont participé. L’échantillon était majoritairement composé de professionnels de la santé, avec un âge moyen de 31,47 ans (écart type = 7,48 ans). En conclusion, la version française de l’AAS est composée de douze items et est subdivisée en trois nouveaux facteurs : la surprotection (six items), l’infantilisation (quatre items) et le contrôle (deux items) auprès des personnes âgées. La nouvelle mesure de l’âgisme paternaliste (MAP) est une échelle de mesure simple et courte qui identifie des stéréotypes et des attitudes paternalistes à l’égard des personnes âgées.