bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the use of 3D printed soft magnetic PEEK‐based composite for space compliant electrical motors
Authors: Ferrara Miriam , Rinaldi Marianna , Pigliaru Lucia , Cecchini Federico , Nanni Francesca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectric motors are ubiquitous on spacecraft and their smooth operation relies on the presence of naturally magnetic materials. The employment of conventional metal‐based magnets causes some inconveniences such as high values of specific gravity and the limited reproducibility of complicated geometries. The introduction of novel polymer‐based magnetic materials processed via additive manufacturing represents a brilliant answer to these needs. This paper describes the first‐time development of a polyether ether ketone‐magnetite (Fe3O4) soft magnetic composite. The material was prepared by adding 50 wt% magnetic microparticles to the polymeric matrix. The composite material was extruded in form of filaments and 3D printed via fused filament fabrication. The thermomechanical characterization demonstrated the stability of the material at both processing ad use temperatures, while the magnetic analysis reported a typical soft magnetic behavior with 25.7 A m2 kg−1 magnetization at saturation. The measured properties were employed as inputs for the finite element analysis of an axial flux brushless direct current electric motor, as a proof of concept. The simulation of the electromechanical behavior of the motor showed promising performance for the composite material, reaching the maximum deliverable torque of about 0.8 Nm (compliant to small power aerospace applications such as micro‐actuators and mini control moment gyroscopes) with weight savings up to 50%.
Improving performance oftwo‐stagephotopolymers for volume holographic recording by fluorinatedepoxy‐amine cross‐linkedmatrices
Authors: Zhang Diqin , Zhao Yu , Zhang Zhen , Guo Bin , Zhu Jianhua , Ye Yan , Zhao Yuxia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHost matrices play an important role in the volume holographic gratings formation of photopolymers. In this study, a series of fluorinated epoxy resin (FTGE) with low refractive index (1.44–1.46) are synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H NMR,19F NMR) and fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Fluorinated epoxy‐amine cross‐linked matrices are formed at room temperature and their thermal polymerization properties are investigated through real‐time FTIR and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Using the fluorinated epoxy‐amine as host matrices, holographic photopolymers are fabricated. The influence of different kinds (Prop‐FTGE, Buta‐FTGE, and Penta‐FTGE) and weight ratios (0%, 8%, 16%, and 23%) of FTGEs on holographic performances of the photopolymers are explored. The results show that the sample with 23% Prop‐FTGE has the most excellent holographic optical characteristics. 0.5 mm thick sample with 23% Prop‐FTGE reaches 91% diffraction efficiency within 80 mJ/cm2exposure dosage, and gets a 2000 lp/mm Bragg volume grating with 0.24° angular selectivity. Meanwhile, under a single pulse exposure mode (150–200 ps pulse width, 25 mJ/cm2exposure dosage), a grating with 4.4% diffraction efficiency is obtained, which proves the ultrafast response and recording capability of the sample.
Nitrogen‐rich silicon quantum dots: facile synthesis and application as a fluorescent ‘on–off–on’ probe for sensitive detection of Hg2+ and cyanide ions
Authors: Rahimi Fatemeh , Anbia Mansoor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sensitive and reliable detection of Hg2+ and CN− as harsh environmental contaminants are of great importance. In view of this, a novel ‘on–off–on’ fluorescent probe based on nitrogen‐rich silicon quantum dots (NR‐SiQDs) has been designed for sensitive detection of Hg2+ and CN− ions in aqueous medium. NR‐SiQDs were synthesized using a facile, one‐step, and environment friendly procedure in the presence of 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and ascorbic acid (AA) as precursors, with l‐asparagine as a nitrogen source for surface modification. The NR‐SiQDs exhibited strong fluorescence emission at 450 nm with 42.34% quantum yield, satisfactory salt tolerance, and superior photostability and pH stability. The fluorescence emission was effectively quenched using Hg2+ (turn‐off) due to the formation of a nonfluorescent stable NR‐SiQDs/Hg2+ complex, whereas after the addition of cyanide ions (CN−), Hg2+ ions could be leached from the surface of the NR‐SiQDs and the fluorescence emission intensity of the quenched NR‐SiQDs fully recovered (turn‐on) due to the formation of highly stable [Hg(CN)4]2− species. After optimizing the response conditions, the obtained limits of detection were found to be 53 nM and 0.46 μM for Hg2+ and CN−, respectively. Finally, the NR‐SiQD‐based fluorescence probe was utilized to detect Hg2+ and CN− ions in water samples and satisfactory results were obtained, suggesting its potential application for environmental monitoring.
The initial expression alterations occurring to transcription factors during the formation of breast cancer: Evidence from bioinformatics
Authors: Dong Xingxing , Yang Yalong , Xu Gaoran , Tian Zelin , Yang Qian , Gong Yan , Wu Gaosong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy among women worldwide.AimThis work aimed to present a comprehensively bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiles and to identify the hub genes during BC tumorigenesis, providing potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and therapy of BC.Materials & MethodsIn this study, multiple public databases, bioinformatics approaches, and online analytical tools were employed and the real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was implemented.ResultsFirst, we identified 10, 107, and 3869 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three gene expression datasets (GSE9574, GSE15852, and GSE42568, covering normal, para‐cancerous, and BC samples, respectively), and investigated different biological functions and pathways involved. Then, we screened out 8, 16, and 29 module genes from these DEGs, respectively. Next, 10 candidate genes were determined through expression and survival analyses. We noted that seven candidate genes JUN, FOS, FOSB, EGR1, ZFP36, CFD, and PPARG were downregulated in BC compared to normal tissues and lower expressed in aggressive types of BC (basal, HER2+, and luminal B), TP53 mutation group, younger patients, higher stage BC, and lymph node metastasis BC, while CD27, PSMB9, and SELL were upregulated. The present study discovered that the expression levels of these candidate genes were correlated with the infiltration of immune cells (CD8+ T cell, macrophage, natural killer [NK] cell, and cancer‐associated fibroblast) in BC, as well as biomarkers of immune cells and immune checkpoints. We also revealed that promoter methylation, amplification, and deep deletion might contribute to the abnormal expressions of candidate genes. Moreover, we illustrated downstream‐targeted genes of JUN, FOS, FOSB, EGR1, and ZFP36 and demonstrated that these targeted genes were involved in “positive regulation of cell death”, “pathways in cancer”, “PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway”, and so on.Discussion & ConclusionWe presented differential gene expression profiles among normal, para‐cancerous, and BC tissues and further identified candidate genes that might contribute to tumorigenesis and progression of BC, as potential diagnostic and prognostic targets for BC patients.
Chemical Identity of Cuticular Lipid Components in the Mimetic Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio polytes
Authors: Ômura Hisashi , Noguchi Taro , Ohta Shinji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe swallowtail Papilio polytes shows Batesian and female‐limited polymorphic mimicry. In Japan, P. polytes females have two different forms: the cyrus form is non‐mimetic and resembles males, whereas the polytes form mimics Pachliopta aristolochiae and Byasa (Atrophaneura) alcinous as unpalatable models. During mating, P. polytes males use cuticular lipids to distinguish non‐mimetic females from conspecific males and sympatric sister species. In this study, we investigated whether compositional differences in cuticular lipids exist between mimetic and non‐mimetic females of P. polytes and between mimetic females and their model species. The mimetic and non‐mimetic females had nearly identical cuticular lipid profiles, which differed from those of males. The two model species exhibited sexually dimorphic and species‐specific cuticular lipid compositions, which were distinctly different from those of mimetic P. polytes females. These results strongly suggest that P. polytes females maintain the identity of cuticular lipid profiles regardless of the mimicry type, and this feature helps males recognize mimetic females as the correct mating partners.
Progressive vitiligo induced by recurrent melanoma
Authors: Nakai Yasuo , Ueki Ayaka , Yamanaka Keiichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA woman had undergone excision for primary melanoma of the left heel and dissection of groin lymph nodes. The recurrent tumor on the lateral left lower leg developed six months ago and the depigmented plaques spread extensively on the left lower limb. The depigmented macules were localized to the left lower limb and were not seen in other areas. Although the left groin lymph node had been dissected, the local immune environment of anti‐tumor immunity was preserved. The cause of melanoma‐associated vitiligo is regarded to be anti‐tumor autoimmune mediated, and this phenomenon is recently recognized during the therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of stage III and IV melanoma
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation revealing Osler‐Weber‐Rendu disease: A case report
Authors: Ramanandafy Herveat , Andriamahenina Finaritra Princy Parfait , Tiaray Michel Harison , Nandimbiniaina Anjara Mihaja , Razafindrasoa Angela Zamelina , Razafimpihanina Sonia , Andriarimanga Diamondra , Ratsimbazafy Jean Noêl Solohery , Rakotomizao Jocelyn Robert , Rakotoson Joëlson Lovaniaina , Vololontiana Hanta Marie Danielle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOsler‐Weber‐Rendu disease is a genetic disease characterized by mucocutaneous and visceral telangiectasias. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is one of the main visceral complications revealing Osler‐Weber‐Rendu disease. The present case was a 34‐year‐old woman with exertional dyspnea and severe hypoxemia revealing pulmonary arteriovenous malformations on chest CT scan.
Photo‐Degradable Protein‐Polymer Hybrid Shells for Caging Living Cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Chujo Kazuki , Ohashi Noriyuki , Minamihata Kosuke , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is growing demand for the precise remote control of cellular functions in various fields. Herein, a method for caging mammalian cells by coating with photodegradable protein‐polymer hybrid shells to photo‐control their functions without genetic engineering is reported. A layer‐by‐layer assembly of photocleavable synthetic materials through biotin‐streptavidin (SA) binding was employed for cell coating. The cell surfaces were first biotinylated with photocleavable biotinylated poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)‐lipid and then coated by repeatedly layering SA and micelles of the PEG‐lipid and photocleavable biotinylated four‐arm PEG. The cell extension and adhesion were suppressed with the shells and then triggered with the degradation of the shells by light exposure. Macrophage phagocytosis was also stopped by caging with the shells and restarted by light‐guided uncaging. This study provides the first proof of principle that cellular functions can be remotely controlled by steric hinderance of cell surfaces with photodegradable materials.
Comparison of three methods for the sequential extraction of lignite pretreated by ionic liquid
Authors: Ding Ning , Li Mei , Yue Jinsong , Cheng Sidan , Gao Caiyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the extraction rate of coal by solvent extraction, Lianhuatang lignite (LHT) was pretreated with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid([Bmim]PF6) firstly. Then, the Soxhlet extraction (SE), ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) were carried out to obtain extracts (ES1‐3, EU1‐3, and EM1‐3) and residues (RS1‐3, RU1‐3, and RM1‐3) from the Lianhuatang lignite pretreated with ionic liquid (BLHT), respectively, and CS2, acetone, and ethanol were used as solvents. The coal samples before and after the ionic liquid pretreatment were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG). The residues were characterized by FTIR, and the extracts were characterized by a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). According to the results, ionic liquid can crack coal particles, increase the contact area of coal surface with solvent, and destroy part of the hydrogen bonds and intermolecular forces in coal, enabling easy extraction of the active small molecules. The macromolecular structure of coal is not destroyed in the three sequential extraction experiments. The types of extracts are similar under different methods, but the specific substances are very different. The total extraction rate by MAE was the highest, which was 48.70%. Microwave radiation can promote the extraction of oxygen‐containing substances, especially esters.
An equalization charger based on phase‐shift full‐bridge converter with an n‐stage current rectifier
Authors: Yang Xiaoguang , Wang Dexin , Jia Zhe , Su Yukui , Zhao Xiaobing , Nie Baoxin 
Published: January 2022

SummaryA traditional charging system is composed of a charger and a separate voltage equalizer. By integrating the voltage equalization circuit into the charger as an equalization charger, the components can be reduced, and the system can be simplified. The equalization charger consists of two functional parts: The front stage generates a PWM voltage wave, and the rear stage generates multiple uniform output voltages. In this paper, a new n‐stage current rectifier (CR) is proposed as the rear stage, which has higher power conversion efficiency than traditional voltage multipliers. The full‐bridge (FB) converter is selected as the front stage and combined with the n‐stage CR to form a phase‐shift (PS) FB converter, which can realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation under light load conditions. The basic working principle of the equalization charger is described, and analytical models for converter design are derived. A prototype for three battery modules was built and tested under the condition of initial voltage unbalance. Experimental results show that the proposed equalization charger has good voltage equalization characteristics, and the standard deviation is as low as about 4 mV. Experimental results show that all switches can achieve ZVS under light load conditions.
Fate‐mapping analysis of cochlear cells expressing Atoh1mRNA via a new Atoh13*HA‐P2A‐Cre knockin mouse strain
Authors: Li Shuting , Fan Ting , Li Chao , Wang Yunfeng , Li Jian , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtoh1 is recognized to be essential for cochlear hair cell (HC) development. However, Atoh1 temporal and spatial expression patterns remain widely debated. Here, we aimed to obtain evidence to resolve the controversies regarding Atoh1 expression by generating a new knockin mouse strain: Atoh13*HA‐P2A‐Cre.ResultsFate‐mapping analysis of Atoh13*HA‐P2A‐Cre/+; Rosa26‐CAG‐LSL‐tdTomato (Ai9)/+ mice enabled us to concurrently characterize the temporal expression of Atoh1 protein (through HA‐tag immunostaining) and visualize the cells expressing Atoh1 mRNA (as tdTomato+ cells). Our findings show that whereas Atoh1 mRNA expression is rapidly turned on in early cochlear progenitors, Atoh1 protein is only detected in differentiating HCs or progenitors just committed to the HC fate. Cre activity is also stronger in Atoh13*HA‐P2A‐Cre/+ than in previous mouse models, because almost all cochlear HCs and nearby supporting cells here are tdTomato+. Furthermore, tdTomato, but not HA, is expressed in middle and apical spiral ganglion neurons.ConclusionCollectively, our findings indicate that Atoh13*HA‐P2A‐Cre can serve as a powerful genetic model in the developmental biology field.
Woody‐plant encroachment: Precipitation, herbivory, and grass‐competition interact to affect shrub recruitment
Authors: Weber‐Grullon Luis , Gherardi Laureano , Rutherford William A. , Archer Steven R. , Sala Osvaldo E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWoody‐plant encroachment is a global phenomenon that has been affecting the southwestern United States since the late 1800s. Drought, overgrazing, herbivory, and competition between grasses and shrub seedlings have been hypothesized as the main drivers of shrub establishment. However, there is limited knowledge about the interactions among these drivers. Using a rainfall manipulation system and various herbivore exclosures, we tested hypotheses about how precipitation (PPT), competition between grasses and shrub seedlings, and predation affect the germination and first‐year survival of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), a shrub that has encroached in Southern Great Plains and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. We found that mesquite germination and survival (1) increased with increasing PPT, then saturated at about the mean growing season PPT level, (2) that competition between grasses and shrub seedlings had no effect on either germination or survival, and (3) that herbivory by small mammals decreased seedling establishment and survival, while ant granivory showed no effect. In addition to its direct positive effect on survival, PPT had an indirect negative effect via increasing small mammal activity. Current models predict a decrease in PPT in the southwestern United States with increased frequency of extreme events. The non‐linear nature of PPT effects on Mesquite recruitment suggests asymmetric responses, wherein drought has a relatively greater negative effect than the positive effect of wet years. Indirect effects of PPT, through its effects on small mammal abundance, highlight the importance of accounting for interactions between biotic and abiotic drivers of shrub encroachment. This study provides quantitative basis for developing tools that can inform effective shrub management strategies in grasslands and savannas.
Considerations on triangular‐shaped electrodes for deoxyribonuclease detection
Authors: Oku Seimei , Higashitani Keisuke , Himuro Takahiro , Eguchi Masanori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, complex impedance locus of the triangular‐shaped electrodes with immobilized λDNAs were calculated by numerical simulations. Compare with the impedance of the electrodes with immobilized λDNAs, its impedance after deoxyribonuclease (DNase) treatment were increased by about three times or more. The DNA molecules can be applied to electrical detection of DNase, which is a candidate biomarker for acute myocardial infarction.
Grappling with uncertainty in ecological projections: a case study using the migratory monarch butterfly
Authors: Neupane Naresh , Zipkin Elise F. , Saunders Sarah P. , Ries Leslie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProjecting species’ responses to future climate conditions is critical for anticipating conservation challenges and informing proactive policy and management decisions. However, best practices for choosing climate models for projection ensembles are currently in flux. We compared including a maximum number of models against trimming ensembles based on model validation. This was done within the emerging practice of ensemble building using an increasingly larger number of global climate models (GCMs) for future projections. We used recently reported estimates on primary drivers of population fluctuations for the migratory monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) to examine how multiple sources of uncertainty impact population forecasts for a well‐studied species. We compared mean spring temperature and precipitation observed in Texas from 1980 to 2005 with predictions from 16 GCMs to determine which of the models performed best. We then built tailored climate projections accumulating both temperature (in the form of growing degree days) and rainfall using both “complete” (all 16) and “trimmed” (best‐performing) ensembles based on three emission scenarios. We built the tailored projections of spring growing conditions to assess the range of possible climate outcomes and their potential impacts on monarch development. Results were similar when mean predictions were compared between trimmed and complete ensembles. However, when daily projections and uncertainty were accumulated over the entire spring season, we showed substantial differences between ensembles in terms of possible ecological outcomes. Ensembles that used all 16 GCMs included so much uncertainty that projections for future spring conditions ranged from being too cold to too hot for monarch development. GCMs based on best‐performing metrics provided much more useful information, projecting higher spring temperatures for developing monarch larvae in the future which could lead to larger summer populations but also suggesting risk from excessive heat. When there is a strong basis for identifying mechanistic drivers of population dynamics, our results support using a smaller subset of validated GCMs to bracket a range of the most defensible future environmental conditions tailored to the species of interest. Yet understating uncertainty remains a risk, and we recommend clearly articulating the rationale and consequences of selecting GCMs for long‐term projections.
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Solvent Performance for the Extraction of Free 3‐Monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) from Model Oil – COSMO‐RS and Experimental Validation
Authors: A. Fattah Nurasyqin , Hizaddin Hanee F. , Hashim Mohd A. , Basirun Wan Jefrey , M. Salleh Muhammad Zulhaziman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany precautionary elements are associated with food safety, including the elimination or reduction of contaminants below tolerable daily intake. However, efforts have yet to provide a long‐term sustainable solution. Here, the use of conductor‐like screening model for real solvent (COSMO‐RS) is employed to screen 53 potential solvents for the sustainable extraction of 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) from model edible oil for the first time. The sigma profiles of the five best deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with high selectivity and capacity are found to confirm their interaction with 3‐MCPD at nonpolar and hydrogen bond donor regions. COSMO‐RS is further utilized to validate the extractive viability of two selected DESs. As quantified using 1H NMR, tetrabutylammonium bromide/sulfolane (1:7) exhibits the highest relative percentage removal of 3‐MCPD, followed by zinc chloride/glycerol/H2O (1:2:1) in only a single extraction cycle. The reliability of the extraction and quantification methods is established by acquiring five‐point calibration linearity and relative standard deviation.Practical applications: Following recent regulatory limits imposed by the European Union, the palm oil industry is instructed to adhere to the new maximum threshold for 3‐MCPD and its esters. This work can potentially elevate the image of the palm oil industry by providing a practical and reliable solution to tackle the food safety issue.