bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Health Care Providers’ Practices and Views on Counseling Patients to be Active
Authors: Das Bhibha M. , DuBose Katrina D. , Peyton Alexandra 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIt is of public health importance to identify strategies for increasing U.S. physical activity levels because of the strong relationship between physical activity and health. One strategy is by having health care providers prescribe physical activity to their patients. The purposes of this study were to assess health care providers’ physical activity levels, to evaluate knowledge of benefits of physical activity, to examine barriers to counseling physical activity to patients, and to determine whether a relationship exists between health care providers’ physical activity levels and barriers to physical activity counseling. Health care providers (N= 30) wore an accelerometer for 1 wk and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a physical activity counseling questionnaire. Ninety-three percent of providers met physical activity guidelines. Only 7% of providers reported knowing physical activity recommendations; however, 87% reported providing physical activity counseling to patients. The benefits of physical activity reported were maintaining overall health and reducing the risk for disease development. The physical activity counseling barriers reported were lack of time and patient interest. Among this active sample of health care providers, personal activity habits did not influence physical activity promotion practices with patients. The main physical activity counseling barriers reported were lack of time and lack of patient interest. More research is needed to determine whether this finding and the barriers of time and the perception of lack of patient interest persist among providers who are not as physically active. From a translational perspective, health care providers should be educated to promote physical activity for their patients. These education opportunities should occur through professional coursework and continuing education credits.
Misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccine among adults in Saudi Arabia and their associated factors: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2021
Authors: I. Albeladi Fatma , A. Kubbara Eman , A. Bakarman Marwan , Al Amri Turki , Eid Rasha , Alyazidi Najla , Alkhamesi Ameera , Alasslany Atheer 
Published: May 2022

Background: It is of utmost importance for the elements that influence public compliance with vaccination against COVID-19 to be assessed, including misconceptions, rumors, and conspiracy theories. Hence, in this study, we aimed to estimate the distribution of the most common misconceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccines and their predictors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We distributed an online questionnaire to participants aged 18 years or older. The survey included two sections. The first section comprised questions related to participants’ demographic characteristics, level of education, and their sources of information about COVID-19. The second section assessed participants' perceptions regarding 11 of the most common misconceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccines, rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Using ordinal logistic regression, we conducted an evaluation of the relationships among different predictors including age, sex, educational level, and sources of information, as well as acceptance of misconceptions about vaccination. Results: The most widely accepted misconception was that the COVID-19 vaccine had severe side effects, with 34.8% of participants believing this misinformation. Factors that were significantly associated with acceptance or non- acceptance of misconceptions were: 1) sex, with female respondents in this survey accepting rumors significantly more often than male respondents (p<0.001); 2) educational level, especially secondary school, was associated with a significantly lower acceptance of misconceptions (p=0.001). In total, 60.5% of participants used social media as their primary source of information, which was also a significant positive predictor of acceptance of misconceptions (p=0.034). Conclusion: It is of critical importance to increase assurance regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, the issue most likely to involve misconceptions, and to address the elements that affect belief in rumors among the population.
Factors associated with producing a scientific publication during medical training: evidence from a cross-sectional study of 40 medical schools in Latin America
Authors: Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Mejia Christian R. , Rojas-Alvarado Annel B. , Araujo-Chumacero Mary M. , Córdova-Agurto Jhacksson S. , Fiestas Jessica , Rojas-Vilar Feeder J. , Culquichicón Carlos 
Published: May 2022

Background: Scientific publication during medical training is key to promoting enduring cutting-edge knowledge. The promotion of science among medical students in Latin America is a multisectoral issue that is hampered by the lack of governmental knowledge to invest in national research, as well as by the lack of support from local universities. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the production of a scientific publication during medical training among Latin American medical students of local scientific societies. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 that assessed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among medical students from 40 local scientific societies of medical students affiliated with FELSOCEM. Teams from each local scientific society surveyed self-reported scientific publications and explored their association with socioeconomic, academic, and research training conditions. We applied nested models to identify the covariates associated with self-reported scientific publication, obtaining a parsimonious mixed-effects multilevel model grouped by medical scientific society. Results: Of 11,587 participants, the prevalence of scientific publications increased in 36% among medical students affiliated to a Scientific Society of Medical Students [parsimonious prevalence ratio (pPR)=1.36, 95%CI=1.16–1.59], 51% among medical students with advanced English proficiency [pPR=1.51, 95%CI=1.21 – 1.87], 85% among medical students who attended a scientific writing skills course [pPR=1.85, 95%CI=1.59–2.15], 81% among medical students who use Sci-Hub [pPR=1.81, 95%CI=1.50–2.20], and 108% among medical students who have access to a pirated academic account [pPR=2.08, 95%CI=1.83–2.36]. Conclusions: Producing a scientific publication among medical students is associated with being affiliated to a scientific society of medical students, English proficiency, training in scientific writing, use of Sci-Hub, and pirated academic accounts. The results will help clinical educators and medical programs improve resources for training students in high-quality research
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) researchers in India
Authors: Mehta Nikita , Inamdar Vedika , Puthillam Arathy , Chunekar Shivani , Kapoor Hansika , Tagat Anirudh , Subramanyam Deepa 
Published: May 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the nationally mandated lockdown has resulted in facility closures, decreased laboratory activities, and shifting to remote working. The effects of the pandemic have spread across all professions, including academia. Hence, the present study aims to understand the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) researchers and stakeholders in India. Methods: The study employed a mixed method design. Both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interview) methods were used to gain a comprehensive understanding on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) early career researchers (ECRs), graduate students, Heads of Institutes, suppliers of scientific equipment, funders, and other stakeholders in India. Results: A total of 618 researchers completed the survey, and 24 stakeholders were interviewed for this study. Our findings highlight the importance of institutional and social support for mental well-being and scientific productivity among researchers, especially during the pandemic. It also shows the impact of the disruptions in grant disbursals on research activities of scientists. Further, the gendered impact between these relationships was also noted, all of which hint at a need for structured reform within STEM. Conclusions: The study highlights the various challenges faced by early career researchers, and STEM scientists at various positions in their careers during the COVID-19 restrictions in India.
Adaptation of the Assessment Methodology Management Competences of the Manager
Authors: Tokareva Yuliya , Gasparovich E. , Shurygina N. , Linder V. 
Published: May 2022

Assessment of the level of expressiveness of managerial competencies is one of the main tasks of a specialist in personnel management. As a result, the use of methods for assessing the managerial competencies of managers at enterprises, the adaptation of methods to the needs of various industries is an important area of research in the field of management. It is imperative that every organization has a reliable tool for assessing the managerial competencies of personnel.
The theoretical analysis presented in the study showed that there are various models for assessing managerial competencies, but it is important to apply methods adapted to a specific organization, category of personnel. The process of assessing managerial competencies is beneficial not only for the company, but also for the employee himself, as it makes it possible to see the level of development of his competencies and determine the further path of his development, it becomes possible to be included in the personnel reserve. The study made it possible to assess the level of severity of managerial competencies of middle managers of an oil and gas enterprise.
In the course of the study, the problem of the lack of a methodology for assessing managerial competencies at an oil and gas enterprise was identified. In order to improve the quality of work, the methodology of Yu.A. Tokareva.
The introduction of an adapted methodology for assessing managerial competencies made it possible to demonstrate its reliability through the results of repeated testing, taking into account the requirements for a specific position, to give recommendations on the use of an adapted methodology to personnel management specialists.The novelty of the study is revealed in the fact that the methodology for assessing managerial competencies adapted in the work is an important tool for identifying the level of qualification of managers, namely the level of development of their managerial competencies.
It is difficult to overestimate the practical significance of applying the adapted methodology, since it is on the basis of the level of managerial competencies of the employee that his further development plan is drawn up, which in the future will allow the enterprise to achieve even better results.
Cardiovascular risk in patients with selected cutaneous diseases
Authors: Gorajek Anna , Mikut Karolina , Maj Dominik , Wieteska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and purpose: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. The classic cardiovascular risk factors include age, gender, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and genetic factors. Some dermatological disorders are also potential risk factors for the development of CVD. The aim of the study is to review recent knowledge on the impact of dermatological diseases on cardiovascular risk.
Description of the state of knowledge: The relationship between skin diseases and cardiovascular risk is influenced by various common dependencies such as: shared pathophysiological basis of disorders, risk factors, presence of a chronic inflammatory process, genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. Increased cardiovascular risk has been reported for several dermatological conditions, including psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, pemphigus, hidradenitis suppurativa, rosacea, atopic dermatitis. Chronic systemic inflammation, typically present in skin conditions, is a cardiovascular risk factor, because inflammation accelerates atherosclerosis, and furthermore may predispose patients to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In patients who are initially metabolically unbalanced, these processes may be even more intense. Cardiovascular disorders, the frequency of which increases in patients with skin diseases, include atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease (stroke, TIA) and peripheral arterial disease.
Summary: Many cutaneous disorders, in addition to significantly increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, also reduce the patient's quality of life. The cooperation of dermatologists and cardiologists in the care of patients with dermatological diseases is crucial for the proper treatment of the disease and prevention of cardiovascular complications.
Rifampicin restores extracellular organic matrix formation and mineralization of osteoblasts after intracellular Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Alagboso Francisca I. , Mannala Gopala K. , Walter Nike , Docheva Denitsa , Brochhausen Christoph , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus 
Published: May 2022

Aims Bone regeneration during treatment of staphylococcal bone infection is challenging due to the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to invade and persist within osteoblasts. Here, we sought to determine whether the metabolic and extracellular organic matrix formation and mineralization ability of S. aureus-infected human osteoblasts can be restored after rifampicin (RMP) therapy. Methods The human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells infected with S. aureus EDCC 5055 strain and treated with 8 µg/ml RMP underwent osteogenic stimulation for up to 21 days. Test groups were Saos-2 cells + S. aureus and Saos-2 cells + S. aureus + 8 µg/ml RMP, and control groups were uninfected untreated Saos-2 cells and uninfected Saos-2 cells + 8 µg/ml RMP. Results The S. aureus-infected osteoblasts showed a significant number of intracellular bacteria colonies and an unusual higher metabolic activity (p < 0.005) compared to uninfected osteoblasts. Treatment with 8 µg/ml RMP significantly eradicated intracellular bacteria and the metabolic activity was comparable to uninfected groups. The RMP-treated infected osteoblasts revealed a significantly reduced amount of mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) at seven days osteogenesis relative to uninfected untreated osteoblasts (p = 0.007). Prolonged osteogenesis and RMP treatment at 21 days significantly improved the ECM mineralization level. Ultrastructural images of the mineralized RMP-treated infected osteoblasts revealed viable osteoblasts and densely distributed calcium crystal deposits within the extracellular organic matrix. The expression levels of prominent bone formation genes were comparable to the RMP-treated uninfected osteoblasts. Conclusion Intracellular S. aureus infection impaired osteoblast metabolism and function. However, treatment with low dosage of RMP eradicated the intracellular S. aureus, enabling extracellular organic matrix formation and mineralization of osteoblasts at later stage. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(5):327–341.
What the snake leaves in its wake: Functional limitations and disabilities among snakebite victims in Ghanaian communities
Authors: Aglanu Leslie Mawuli , Amuasi John Humphrey , Schut Bob A. , Steinhorst Jonathan , Beyuo Alexis , Dari Chrisantus Danaah , Agbogbatey Melvin Katey , Blankson Emmanuel Steve , Punguyire Damien , Lalloo David G. , Blessmann Jörg , Abass Kabiru Mohammed , Harrison Robert A. , Stienstra Ymkje 
Published: May 2022

Background
The estimated five million snakebites per year are an important health problem that mainly affect rural poor populations. The global goal is to halve both mortality and morbidity from this neglected tropical disease by 2030. Data on snakebite morbidity are sparse and mainly obtained from hospital records.

Methods
This community-based study was conducted among 379 rural residents with or without a history of snakebite in the Ashanti and Upper West regions of Ghana. All participants in the snakebite group were bitten at least six months before the day of survey. The World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) and the Buruli Ulcer Functional Limitation Score were used to obtain patient-reported measure of functioning and disability. Long-term consequences were evaluated based on the severity of the symptoms at the time of the snakebite.

Findings
The median (IQR) time since the snakebite was 8.0 (3.5–16.5) years. The relative risk of disability was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.17–2.03) in the snakebite group compared to the community controls. Among patients with clinical symptoms suggesting envenoming at the time of bite, 35% had mild/moderate disabilities compared to 20% in the control group. The disability domains mainly affected by snakebite envenoming were cognition level, mobility, life activities and participation in society. A combination of the severity of symptoms at the time of the bite, age, gender and region of residence most accurately predicted the odds of having functional limitations and disabilities.

Conclusion
The burden of snakebite in the community includes long-term disabilities of mild to moderate severity, which need to be considered when designing appropriate public health interventions. Estimating the total burden of snakebite is complicated by geographic differences in types of snakes and their clinical manifestations.
Characterization of a novel microfilarial antigen for diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infections
Authors: Greene Sarah E. , Fischer Kerstin , Choi Young-Jun , Curtis Kurt C. , Budge Philip J. , Mitreva Makedonka , King Christopher L. , Fischer Peter U. , Weil Gary J. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. The Global Program to Eliminate LF uses mass drug administration (MDA) of anti-filarial drugs that clear microfilariae (Mf) from blood to interrupt transmission by mosquitos. New diagnostic tools are needed to assess the impact of MDA on bancroftian filariasis, because available serologic tests can remain positive after successful treatment.

Methodology/Principal findings
We identified Wb-bhp-1, which encodes a W. bancrofti homologue of BmR1, the B. malayi protein used in the Brugia Rapid antibody test for brugian filariasis. Wb-bhp-1 has a single exon that encodes a 16.3 kD protein (Wb-Bhp-1) with 45% amino acid identity to BmR1. Immunohistology shows that anti-Wb-Bhp-1 antibodies primarily bind to Mf. Plasma from 124 of 224 (55%) microfilaremic individuals had IgG4 antibodies to Wb-Bhp-1 by ELISA. Serologic reactivity to Wb-Bhp-1 varied widely with samples from different regions (sensitivity range 32–92%), with 77% sensitivity for 116 samples collected from microfilaremic individuals outside of sub-Saharan Africa. This variable sensitivity highlights the importance of validating new diagnostic tests for parasitic diseases with samples from different geographical regions. Individuals with higher Mf counts were more likely to have anti-Wb-Bhp-1 antibodies. Cross-reactivity was observed with a minority of plasma samples from people with onchocerciasis (17%) or loiasis (10%). We also identified, cloned and characterized BmR1 homologues from O. volvulus and L. loa that have 41% and 38% identity to BmR1, respectively. However, antibody assays with these antigens were not sensitive for onchocerciasis or loiasis.

Conclusions
Wb-Bhp-1 is a novel antigen that is useful for serologic diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Additional studies are needed to assess the value of this antigen for monitoring the success of filariasis elimination programs.
Transmission dynamics and vaccination strategies for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Afghanistan: A modelling study
Authors: Vesga Juan F. , Clark Madeleine H. A. , Ayazi Edris , Apolloni Andrea , Leslie Toby , Edmunds W. John , Métras Raphaёlle 
Published: May 2022

Background
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly pathogenic virus for which a safe and effective vaccine is not yet available, despite being considered a priority emerging pathogen. Understanding transmission patterns and the use of potential effective vaccines are central elements of the future plan against this infection.

Methods
We developed a series of models of transmission amongst livestock, and spillover infection into humans. We use real-world human and animal data from a CCHFV endemic area in Afghanistan (Herat) to calibrate our models. We assess the value of environmental drivers as proxy indicators of vector activity, and select the best model using deviance information criteria. Finally we assess the impact of vaccination by simulating campaigns targeted to humans or livestock, and to high-risk subpopulations (i.e, farmers).

Findings
Saturation deficit is the indicator that better explains tick activity trends in Herat. Recent increments in reported CCHFV cases in this area are more likely explained by increased surveillance capacity instead of changes in the background transmission dynamics. Modelling suggests that clinical cases only represent 31% (95% CrI 28%-33%) of total infections in this area. Vaccination campaigns targeting humans would result in a much larger impact than livestock vaccination (266 vs 31 clinical cases averted respectively) and a more efficient option when assessed in courses per case averted (35 vs 431 respectively). Targeted vaccination of farmers is impactful and more efficient, resulting in 19 courses per case averted (95% CrI 7–62) compared to targeting the general population (35 courses 95% CrI 16–107)

Conclusions
CCHFV is endemic in Herat, and transmission cycles are well predicted by environmental drivers like saturation deficit. Vaccinating humans is likely to be more efficient and impactful than animals, and importantly targeted interventions to high risk groups like farmers can offer a more efficient approach to vaccine roll-out.