bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising methamphetamine use to inform health and social policies in Manitoba, Canada: a protocol for a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data
Authors: Nickel Nathan C , Enns Jennifer E , Freier Amy , McCulloch Scott C , Chartier Mariette , Casidsid Hera J M , Balogun Oludolapo Deborah , Mulhall Drew , Dragan Roxana , Sarkar Joykrishna , Bolton James , Konrad Geoffrey , Phillips-Beck Wanda , Sanguins Julianne , Shimmin Carolyn , McDonald Neil , Mignone Javier , Hinds Aynslie 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRising use of methamphetamine is causing significant public health concern in Canada. The biological and behavioural effects of methamphetamine range from wakefulness, vigour and euphoria to adverse physical health outcomes like myocardial infarction, haemorrhagic stroke, arrhythmia and seizure. It can also cause severe psychological complications such as psychosis. National survey data point to increasing rates of methamphetamine use, as well as increasing ease of access and serious methamphetamine-related harms. There is an urgent need for evidence to address knowledge gaps, provide direction to harm reduction and treatment efforts and inform health and social policies for people using methamphetamine. This protocol describes a study that aims to address this need for evidence.MethodsThe study will use linked, whole population, de-identified administrative data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. The cohort will include individuals in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, who came into contact with the health system for reasons related to methamphetamine use from 2013 to 2021 and a comparison group matched on age, sex and geography. We will describe the cohort’s sociodemographic characteristics, calculate incidence and prevalence of mental disorders associated with methamphetamine use and examine rates of health and social service use. We will evaluate the use of olanzapine pharmacotherapy in reducing adverse emergency department outcomes. In partnership with Indigenous co-investigators, outcomes will be stratified by First Nations and Métis identity.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board, and access datasets have been granted by all data providers. We also received approval from the First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba’s Health Information Research Governance Committee and the Manitoba Métis Federation. Dissemination will be guided by an ‘Evidence 2 Action’ group of public rightsholders, service providers and knowledge users who will ensure that the analyses address the critical issues.
Status of patient safety in selected Ghanaian hospitals: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Ashinyo Mary Eyram , Amegah Kingsley E , Kariyo Pierre Claver , Ackon Angela , Asrat Sofonias , Dubik Stephen Dajaan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSafety is one of the dimensions of healthcare quality and is core to achieving universal health coverage and healthcare delivery worldwide. In Ghana, the status of patient safety in the last 7 years has remained unknown. Therefore, this study aims to assess the patient safety status in selected hospitals in Ghana.MethodsUsing the WHO Patient Safety Long Form, a mixed methodology was used to assess the patient safety status in 27 hospitals in Ghana. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and axial codes for thematic analysis.ResultsThe average national patient safety score was high (85%). However, there were variations in the performance of the hospitals across the WHO patient safety action areas. Knowledge and learning in patient safety (97%) was the highest-rated patient safety action area. Patient safety surveillance, patient safety funding, patient safety partnerships and national patient safety policy had mean scores lower than the national average score (85%). Less than half (42%) of the hospitals had a dedicated budget for patient safety activities. The means of continuous education for health professionals include clinical sessions, and in-service training, while the system of clinical audits in the hospitals were maternal mortality, perinatal mortality, stillbirth and general mortality audits. The hospitals use posters, leaflets, public address systems and health education sessions to inform patients about their rights. Patient safety issues are reported through suggestion boxes, designated desks and the use of contacts of core management staff.ConclusionThe current patient safety status in the hospitals was generally good, with the highest score in the knowledge and learning in the patient safety domain. Patient safety surveillance was identified as the weakest action area. The findings of this study will form the scientific basis for initiating the development of a national patient safety policy in Ghana. This is crucial for ensuring resilient and sustainable health systems that guarantee safer care to all patients in Ghana.
Type of intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular stroke treatment: association with functional outcome
Authors: van der Steen Wouter , van der Ende Nadinda A M , Luijten Sven P R , Rinkel Leon A , van Kranendonk Katinka R , van Voorst Henk , Roosendaal Stefan D , Beenen Ludo F M , Coutinho Jonathan M , Emmer Bart J , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , Majoie Charles B L.M , Lingsma Hester F , van der Lugt Aad , Dippel Diederik W J , Roozenbeek Bob 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a frequent complication after endovascular stroke treatment.ObjectiveTo assess the association of the occurrence and type of ICH after endovascular treatment (EVT) with functional outcome.MethodsWe analyzed data from the MR CLEAN-NO IV and MR CLEAN-MED trials. Both trials included adult patients with ischemic stroke with a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, who were eligible for EVT. ICH was classified (1) as asymptomatic or symptomatic (concomitant neurological deterioration of ≥4 points on the NIHSS, or ≥2 points on 1 NIHSS item), and (2) according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses to assess the association of the occurrence and type of ICH with the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days.ResultsOf 1017 included patients, 331 (33%) had an asymptomatic ICH, and 90 (9%) had a symptomatic ICH. Compared with no ICH, both asymptomatic (adjusted common OR (acOR)=0.76; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.98) and symptomatic (acOR=0.07; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.14) ICH were associated with worse functional outcome. In particular, isolated parenchymal hematoma type 2 (acOR=0.37; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.95), combined parenchymal hematoma with hemorrhage outside infarcted brain tissue (acOR=0.17; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.30), and combined hemorrhages outside infarcted brain tissue (acOR=0.14; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.74) were associated with worse functional outcome than no ICH.Strength of the association of ICH with functional outcome depends on the type of ICH. Although the association is stronger for symptomatic ICH, asymptomatic ICH after EVT is also associated with worse functional outcome.
MOG antibody-associated encephalitis in adult: clinical phenotypes and outcomes
Authors: Lee Woo-Jin , Kwon Young Nam , Kim Boram , Moon Jangsup , Park Kyung-Il , Chu Kon , Sung Jung-Joon , Lee Sang Kun , Kim Sung-Min , Lee Soon-Tae 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundWe investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (MOGAE) in adult patients.MethodsFrom an institutional cohort, we analysed adult patients with MOGAE followed-up for more than 1 year. Disease severity was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis scores. Immunotherapy profiles, outcomes and disease relapses were evaluated along with serial brain MRI data.ResultsA total of 40 patients were enrolled and categorised into cortical encephalitis (18 patients), limbic encephalitis (LE, 5 patients) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM, 17 patients). 80.0% of patients achieved good clinical outcomes (mRS 0‒2) and 40.0% relapsed. The LE subtype was associated with an older onset age (p=0.004) and poor clinical outcomes (p=0.014) than the other subtypes but with a low rate of relapse (0.0%). 21/25 (84.0%) relapse attacks were associated with an absence or short (≤6 months) immunotherapy maintenance. On MRI, the development of either diffuse cerebral or medial temporal atrophy within the first 6 month was correlated with poor outcomes. MOG-antibody (MOG-Ab) was copresent with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-antibody in 13 patients, in whom atypical clinical presentation (cortical encephalitis or ADEM, p<0.001) and disease relapse (46.2% vs 0.0%, p<0.001) were more frequent compared with conventional NMDAR encephalitis without MOG-Ab.ConclusionsOutcomes are different according to the three phenotypes in MOGAE. Short immunotherapy maintenance is associated with relapse, and brain atrophy was associated with poor outcomes. Patients with dual antibodies of NMDAR and MOG have a high relapse rate.
Mediators of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD): systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Fields Aislin , Potel Koray N , Cabuhal Rhandel , Aziri Buena , Stewart Iain D , Schock Bettina C 
Published: October 2022

Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is rare, poorly understood, with heterogeneous characteristics resulting in difficult diagnosis. We aimed to systematically review evidence of soluble markers in peripheral blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as biomarkers in SSc-ILD.MethodFive databases were screened for observational or interventional, peer-reviewed studies in adults published between January 2000 and September 2021 that assessed levels of biomarkers in peripheral blood or BALF of SSc-ILD patients compared with healthy controls. Qualitative assessment was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. Standardised mean difference (SMD) in biomarkers were combined in random-effects meta-analyses where multiple independent studies reported quantitative data.Results768 published studies were identified; 38 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analyses representing three biomarkers: KL6, SP-D and IL-8. Greater IL-8 levels were associated with SSc-ILD in both peripheral blood and BALF, overall SMD 0.88 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.15; I2=1%). Greater levels of SP-D and KL-6 were both estimated in SSc-ILD peripheral blood compared with healthy controls, at an SMD of 1.78 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.17; I2=8%) and 1.66 (95% CI 1.17 to 2.14; I2=76%), respectively.ConclusionWe provide robust evidence that KL-6, SP-D and IL-8 have the potential to serve as reliable biomarkers in blood/BALF for supporting the diagnosis of SSc-ILD. However, while several other biomarkers have been proposed, the evidence of their independent value in diagnosis and prognosis is currently lacking and needs further investigation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021282452.
Concussion in the UK: a contemporary narrative review
Authors: Toman Emma , Hodgson Sam , Riley Max , Welbury Richard , Di Pietro Valentina , Belli Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Concussion has been receiving an increasing amount of media exposure following several high-profile professional sports controversies and multimillion-dollar lawsuits. The potential life-changing sequalae of concussion and the rare, but devasting, second impact syndrome have also gained much attention. Despite this, our knowledge of the pathological processes involved is limited and often extrapolated from research into more severe brain injuries.As there is no objective diagnostic test for concussion. Relying on history and examination only, the diagnosis of concussion has become the rate-limiting step in widening research into the disease. Clinical study protocols therefore frequently exclude the most vulnerable groups of patients such as those with existing cognitive impairment, concurrent intoxication, mental health issues or learning difficulties.This up-to-date narrative review aims to summarize our current concussion knowledge and provides an insight into promising avenues for future research.
Sex differences and indications of metabolic compensation in within-day energy balance in elite Division 1 swimmers
Authors: Lundstrom Emily A. , De Souza Mary Jane , Canil Hannah N. , Williams Nancy I. 
Published: October 2022

To determine whether mismatched energy intake and expenditure across the day and associated sex differences may be related with metabolic compensation and/or negative health outcomes, we assessed total-day and hourly energy balance (TDEB and EB), total-day and hourly energy intake (TDEI and EI), total-day and hourly energy expenditure (TDEE and EE) and within-day energy balance (WDEB) in elite male and female swimmers ( n = 25; 18–22 years). Total triiodothyronine (TT3), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and the ratio of actual-to-predicted RMR were determined. Males exhibited higher TDEB (+758 ± 702 kcal vs +52 ± 505 kcal, t-test; p = 0.007) than females. Males exhibited a more positive hourly EB, driven by greater hourly EI at 11:00, 13:00, 16:00, and 19:00 h (ANOVA, p < 0.05), while EE did not differ. TT3 was negatively correlated with consecutive hours of negative EB ( R = −0.604, p = 0.049) and positively correlated to hours in EB ( R = 0.740, p = 0.009) in those exhibiting metabolic suppression ( n = 12). In individuals in TDEB ( n = 21), “backloaders” (consumption of ≥50% daily kcals at or after 1700 h) had lower TT3 (79.3 ng/dL vs 92.9 ng/dL, p = 0.009) than “nonbackloaders” ( n = 12). WDEB analyses indicate a greater risk of energy deficiency in females and may capture indices of metabolic compensation not evident with EB analyses alone.
A NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING FOR DIABETICS WITH BREATH BIOMARKERS: AN ENSEMBLE-OF-CLASSIFIERS MODEL
Authors: GADE ANITA , VIJAYABASKAR V. , PANNEERSELVAM JOHN 
Published: October 2022

As a supplemental technique for disease diagnosis, expelled breath monitoring is becoming extremely prevalent. Nevertheless, because of the significant number of factors that must be considered, researchers are forced to create new algorithms for accurate data interpretations. In our study, a novel noninvasive breath biomarkers-based diabetic detection strategy is introduced by upcoming three main processes “pre-processing, feature extraction and diabetes detection”. Raw data (breath signal) are initially pre-processed via data normalization to increase acquired breath signal quality. Most important features, such as “Improved empirical wavelet functions (IEWF), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), local mean decomposition (LMD), continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method, and entropy-based feature,” are extracted from the pre-processed data. These attributes are fused together and are subsequently used to train the ensemble of classifiers in the diabetes detection stage. An ensemble of classifiers, including an “optimized quantum deep neural network (QDNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), and a recurrent neural network (RNN)”, is used to depict the diabetes detection phase. The CNN and RNN are trained using the retrieved fused features. The optimized QDNN receives the output of the CNN and RNN. The final detected result is provided by the optimized QDNN. A unique hybrid optimization model, Archimedes Principle with Enhanced Honey Badger Exploitation (APEHBE) algorithm, that combines the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (ArchOA) and the Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) is used to fine-tune the weight of QDNN. The effectiveness of the anticipated model is then verified by a comparison analysis.
Intrinsic Molecular Subtypes of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Feng Eric , Rydzewski Nicholas R. , Zhang Meng , Lundberg Arian , Bootsma Matthew , Helzer Kyle T. , Lang Joshua M. , Aggarwal Rahul , Small Eric J. , Quigley David A. , Sjöström Martin , Zhao Shuang G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Although numerous biology-driven subtypes have been described previously in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), unsupervised molecular subtyping based on gene expression has been less studied, especially using large cohorts. Thus, we sought to identify the intrinsic molecular subtypes of mCRPC and assess molecular and clinical correlates in the largest combined cohort of mCRPC samples with gene expression data available to date.

Experimental Design:
We combined and batch-effect corrected gene expression data from four mCRPC cohorts from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (N = 157), a small-cell neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (SCNC)–enriched cohort from Weill Cornell Medicine (N = 49), and cohorts from the Stand Up 2 Cancer/Prostate Cancer Foundation East Coast Dream Team (N = 266) and the West Coast Dream Team (N = 162).

Results:
Hierarchical clustering of RNA-sequencing data from these 634 mCRPC samples identified two distinct adenocarcinoma subtypes, one of which (adeno-immune) was characterized by higher gene expression of immune pathways, higher CIBERSORTx immune scores, diminished ASI benefit, and non–lymph node metastasis tropism compared with an adeno-classic subtype. We also identified two distinct subtypes with enrichment for an NE phenotype, including an NE-liver subgroup characterized by liver metastasis tropism, PTEN loss, and APC and SPOP mutations compared with an NE-classic subgroup.

Conclusions:
Our results emphasize the heterogeneity of mCRPC beyond currently accepted molecular phenotypes, and suggest that future studies should consider incorporating transcriptome-wide profiling to better understand how these differences impact treatment responses and outcomes.
Sex-dependent growth regulation in monogamous pairs of a cichlid fish
Authors: Matsumoto Kazunori , Yoshihara Kazuki , Katsura Chiyo , Ono Tatsunori , Habara Masaki , Kohda Masanori 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In some social groups, non-breeding subordinates regulate their growth, relative to the size of their immediate dominants in ways that reduce conflict over dominance rank. We predicted that such strategic growth adjustment should also occur in breeding pairs, if this is beneficial for the more subordinate individual within a pair. Using the cichlid fish, Julidochromis transcriptus, held in a laboratory, we examined whether strategic growth regulation occurs in monogamous pairs. In female-largest pairs, smaller males grew slower than their partner when the initial size ratio of pairs (large/small) was small, but faster when the ratio was large, and the number of pairs with an intermediate size ratio increased over time. However, in male-largest pairs, smaller females had a low growth rate and the size ratio of these pairs increased over time. The most important factors for predicting the growth rate of fish were the initial size ratio of pairs for smaller males in female-largest pairs and the initial body size for larger individuals in both pair types, but no such predictors were found for smaller females in male-largest pairs. Neither feeding rate nor attacking rate of the two individuals in a pair predicted the growth rate of smaller fish in a pair. These results suggest that smaller males strategically adjust their own growth, relative to the size of their partner in female-largest pairs, wherein the growth of larger females unrestrained by social relationship with their partner can increase female fecundity, being beneficial for both sexes. The adaptive significance of a low growth rate of smaller females in male-largest pairs is also discussed.
Radical Postmodernist Literature
Authors: Arseniou Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper explores how classical antiquity was dealt with by Greek radical postmodernism of the late twentieth century. It focuses on the work of the renowned writer Nanos Valaoritis, whose short story A Classical Education (1990) ironically and playfully summarizes the disenchantment, confusion, sense of inadequacy and need for transcending antiquity. The following issues are studied: a) postmodernist visualization of antiquity; b) the ‘situational’ classicism activated by aesthetic conversion (détournement) of the ‘classics’; c) anti-modernism as a critique of Greek modernists. The term ‘ “equarrent” classicism’, coined by Valaoritis, is introduced as a process of ‘paralogical’ conditioning of the classics by post-colonial contemporaneity.
Subverting the Idea of “One Nation, One Language, One Religion”: A Study of Surendra Prakash’s Urdu Short Stories
Authors: Nayyar Nasir Abbas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Urdu fiction writers have employed diverse ways and techniques to register the theme of migration. Perhaps the most well-known literary voice to explore this theme is that of Intizar Hussain, one of the pioneers of modern Urdu short story, who migrated from Bulandshahr (UP) to Lahore. Surendra Prakash, who migrated from Lyallpur (now Faisalabad) to Delhi and is also considered a pioneer of modern Urdu short story, offers a contrasting approach to the theme. Born to a Hindu Punjabi family in 1930, Prakash learned Urdu—not Hindi. His experience of migration differed much from that of Intizar Hussain. While Hussain’s fiction about migration contains the traces of ideology, Prakash had to migrate to Delhi not because of any ideological leanings, but rather urgent necessity. We find the theme of migration lurking in all four collections of his short stories (Dūsre Ādmī kā Drawing Room, Barf par Mukālamah, Bāz-goʾī and Ḥāẓir, Ḥāl Jārī). His short stories seem to subvert the very idea of “one nation” which was based on the formula of “one language and one religion.” This study aims at how Prakash’s work juxtaposes the plural, synthetic culture of pre-Partition days to the monolithic, religious-nationalistic culture that took shape after Partition.
Uncertainty in Preindustrial Global Ocean Initialization Can Yield Irreducible Uncertainty in Southern Ocean Surface Climate
Authors: Singh Hansi K. A. , Goldenson Naomi , Fyfe John C. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
How do ocean initial states impact historical and future climate projections in Earth system models? To answer this question, we use the 50-member Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) large ensemble, in which individual ensemble members are initialized using a combination of different oceanic initial states and atmospheric microperturbations. We show that global ocean heat content anomalies associated with the different ocean initial states, particularly differences in deep ocean heat content due to ocean drift, persist from initialization at year 1950 through the end of the simulations at year 2100. We also find that these anomalies most readily impact surface climate over the Southern Ocean. Differences in ocean initial states affect Southern Ocean surface climate because persistent deep ocean temperature anomalies upwell along sloping isopycnal surfaces that delineate neighboring branches of the upper and lower cells of the global meridional overturning circulation. As a result, up to a quarter of the ensemble variance in Southern Ocean turbulent heat fluxes, heat uptake, and surface temperature trends can be traced to variance in the ocean initial state, notably deep ocean temperature differences of order 0.1 K due to model drift. Such a discernible impact of varying ocean initial conditions on ensemble variance over the Southern Ocean is evident throughout the full 150 simulation years of the ensemble, even though upper ocean temperature anomalies due to varying ocean initial conditions rapidly dissipate over the first two decades of model integration over much of the rest of the globe.