bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum, Impulsivity, and Severity of Use in Recently Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals
Authors: Dong Xue , Zhornitsky Simon , Wang Wuyi , Le Thang M , Chen Yu , Chaudhary Shefali , Li Chiang-Shan R , Zhang Sheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have focused on both ventral striatum (VS) and dorsal striatum (DS) in characterizing dopaminergic deficits in addiction. Animal studies suggest VS and DS dysfunction each in association with impulsive and compulsive cocaine use during early and later stages of addiction. However, few human studies have aimed to distinguish the roles of VS and DS dysfunction in cocaine misuse.

Methods
We examined VS and DS resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of 122 recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs) and 122 healthy controls (HCs) in 2 separate cohorts. We followed published routines in imaging data analyses and evaluated the results at a corrected threshold with age, sex, years of drinking, and smoking accounted for.

Results
CDs relative to HCs showed higher VS rsFC with the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), lower VS rsFC with the hippocampus, and higher DS rsFC with the left orbitofrontal cortex. Region-of-interest analyses confirmed the findings in the 2 cohorts examined separately. In CDs, VS-left IFC and VS-hippocampus connectivity was positively and negatively correlated with average monthly cocaine use in the prior year, respectively. In the second cohort where participants were assessed with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), VS-left IFC and VS-hippocampus connectivity was also positively and negatively correlated with BIS-11 scores in CDs. In contrast, DS-orbitofrontal cortex connectivity did not relate significantly to cocaine use metrics or BIS-11 scores.

Conclusion
These findings associate VS rsFC with impulsivity and the severity of recent cocaine use. How DS connectivity partakes in cocaine misuse remains to be investigated.
Transitional Justice in Public and Private: Truth Commission Narratives in Greensboro
Authors: Fox Nicole , Cunningham David 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In 1979, during an anti-racism march in the city in Greensboro, North Carolina, KKK and Nazi Party members opened fire on demonstrators, killing five and wounding eight. On the cusp of the 25th anniversary of these killings, efforts by community members culminated in the convening of the first Truth and Reconciliation Commission (GTRC) in the US. Drawing on a unique collection of public testimonies and private interviews with GTRC staff, we use a novel relational approach to array and compare discursive accounts offered in these distinct settings. We find that narratives offered in private were more varied, yet also cohesive in locating blame in social actors. Public testimony, in contrast, was more consolidated and singular, placing the majority of culpability on social structures. Based on these significant distinctions, we draw out implications for future research and policy around transitional justice initiatives.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Invasive Infections in Women of Childbearing Age, France, 2012–2020: GBS CC-17 Hypervirulence in Intrapartum Infections
Authors: Plainvert Céline , de Saint Salvy-Tabet Yasmina , Dmytruk Nicolas , Frigo Amandine , Poyart Claire , Tazi Asmaa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal infections and an important pathogen in pregnancy. However, the features of pregnancy-associated infections are poorly reported. We analyzed 336 cases of GBS invasive infections in women aged 18–50 years, including 242 (72.0%) pregnancy-associated infections. In pregnancy, most cases were intra-amniotic infections (55.8%), occurred preterm (61.3%), and were associated with obstetrical and neonatal complications (81.7%). The GBS clone CC-17 (18.8% of the cases) was overrepresented intrapartum (35.2%; odds ratio, 5.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.6–19.3]). This work highlights the burden of GBS and of the CC-17 clone infections during pregnancy.
Aspergillus Utilizes Extracellular Heme as an Iron Source During Invasive Pneumonia, Driving Infection Severity
Authors: Michels Kathryn , Solomon Angelica L , Scindia Yogesh , Sordo Vieira Luis , Goddard Yana , Whitten Spencer , Vaulont Sophie , Burdick Marie D , Atkinson Carl , Laubenbacher Reinhard , Mehrad Borna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Depriving microbes of iron is critical to host defense. Hemeproteins, the largest source of iron within vertebrates, are abundant in infected tissues in aspergillosis due to hemorrhage, but Aspergillus species have been thought to lack heme import mechanisms. We hypothesized that heme provides iron to Aspergillus during invasive pneumonia, thereby worsening the outcomes of the infection.

Methods
We assessed the effect of heme on fungal phenotype in various in vitro conditions and in a neutropenic mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Results
In mice with neutropenic invasive aspergillosis, we found a progressive and compartmentalized increase in lung heme iron. Fungal cells cultured under low iron conditions took up heme, resulting in increased fungal iron content, resolution of iron starvation, increased conidiation, and enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. Intrapulmonary administration of heme to mice with neutropenic invasive aspergillosis resulted in markedly increased lung fungal burden, lung injury, and mortality, whereas administration of heme analogs or heme with killed Aspergillus did not. Finally, infection caused by fungal germlings cultured in the presence of heme resulted in a more severe infection.

Conclusions
Invasive aspergillosis induces local hemolysis in infected tissues, thereby supplying heme iron to the fungus, leading to lethal infection.
The Cold War Origins of Global IR. The Rockefeller Foundation and Realism in Latin America
Authors: Morcillo Laiz Álvaro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe literature on global international relations (IR) has argued that the discipline develops in the footsteps of world politics, but no sustained attention has been given to more immediate causes such as the funders that pay for IR teaching and scholarship. These donor–recipient relations have only attracted the attention of authors interested in cultural hegemony and those contributing to the recent historiography of IR. Among the latter, some have studied how during the Cold War the Rockefeller Foundation attempted to buttress classical realism in the United States and Western Europe. This article connects and moves forward IR historiography and the global IR literature by shedding light on philanthropic foundations’ attempts to further a specific IR theory—classical realism—and area studies in the global south. The article argues that world politics influenced global IR, but this influence was mediated by highly contingent events. Even a proximate cause like science patronage, let alone “world politics,” is not a sufficient cause capable of determining IR theories and disciplinary boundaries. Donors may achieve some impact but only under specific circumstances such as the ones explored here, that is, the donor is a unitary actor determined to advance its agenda by resorting to conditionality, alternative donors and funding are scarce, the discipline is either poorly or not institutionalized, and the recipient perceives the donor's preferences as legitimate. The article uses previously untapped, fine-grained, primary sources to unravel philanthropy's impact on Latin America's first IR center. Because science patronage is exposed to many sources of indeterminacy and to contingency, donors cannot determine scholarship, which makes cultural hegemony all but impossible. Still, IR scholars need to study their patrons to understand their discipline, in and outside Europe and the United States.
Usability of a perioperative medication-related clinical decision support software application: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nanji Karen C , Garabedian Pamela M , Langlieb Marin E , Rui Angela , Tabayoyong Leo L , Sampson Michael , Deng Hao , Boxwala Aziz , Minehart Rebecca D , Bates David W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
We developed a comprehensive, medication-related clinical decision support (CDS) software prototype for use in the operating room. The purpose of this study was to compare the usability of the CDS software to the current standard electronic health record (EHR) medication administration and documentation workflow.

Materials and Methods
The primary outcome was the time taken to complete all simulation tasks. Secondary outcomes were the total number of mouse clicks and the total distance traveled on the screen in pixels. Forty participants were randomized and assigned to complete 7 simulation tasks in 1 of 2 groups: (1) the CDS group (n = 20), who completed tasks using the CDS and (2) the Control group (n = 20), who completed tasks using the standard medication workflow with retrospective manual documentation in our anesthesia information management system. Blinding was not possible. We video- and audio-recorded the participants to capture quantitative data (time on task, mouse clicks, and pixels traveled on the screen) and qualitative data (think-aloud verbalization).

Results
The CDS group mean total task time (402.2 ± 85.9 s) was less than the Control group (509.8 ± 103.6 s), with a mean difference of 107.6 s (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.5–179.5 s, P &lt; .001). The CDS group used fewer mouse clicks (26.4 ± 4.5 clicks) than the Control group (56.0 ± 15.0 clicks) with a mean difference of 29.6 clicks (95% CI, 23.2–37.6, P &lt; .001). The CDS group had fewer pixels traveled on the computer monitor (59.5 ± 20.0 thousand pixels) than the Control group (109.3 ± 40.8 thousand pixels) with a mean difference of 49.8 thousand pixels (95% CI, 33.0–73.7, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The perioperative medication-related CDS software prototype substantially outperformed standard EHR workflow by decreasing task time and improving efficiency and quality of care in a simulation setting.
Direct effect of lipopolysaccharide and histamine on permeability of the rumen epithelium of steers ex vivo
Authors: Gao Shengtao , Zhula Alateng , Liu Wenhui , Lu Zhongyan , Shen Zanming , Penner Gregory B , Ma Lu , Bu Dengpan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Disruption of the ruminal epithelium barrier occurs during subacute ruminal acidosis due to low pH, hyper-osmolality, and increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in ruminal fluid. However, the individual roles of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in the process of ruminal epithelium barriers disruption are not clear. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the direct effect of lipopolysaccharide and histamine on the barrier function of the ruminal epithelium. Compared with control (CON), histamine (HIS, 20 μM) increased the short-circuit current (Isc; 88.2%, P &lt; 0.01), transepithelial conductance (Gt; 29.7%, P = 0.056), and the permeability of fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC) (1.04-fold, P &lt; 0.01) of ruminal epithelium. The apparent permeability of LPS was 1.81-fold higher than HIS (P &lt; 0.01). The mRNA abundance of OCLN in ruminal epithelium was decreased by HIS (1.1-fold, P = 0.047). The results of the present study suggested that mucosal histamine plays a direct role in the disruption of ruminal epithelium barrier function, whereas lipopolysaccharide (at a pH of 7.4) has no effect on the permeability of rumen tissues ex vivo.
Bisexual Attract-and-Kill: A Novel Component of Resistance Management for Transgenic Cotton in Australia
Authors: Gregg Peter C , Del Socorro Alice P , Wilson Sarah , Knight Kristen M , Binns Matthew R , Armytage Philip 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Australia, destruction of overwintering pupae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been a key component of mandatory resistance management schemes to constrain development of resistance to Bt toxins in transgenic cotton. This has been accomplished by tillage (‘pupae busting’), but it is expensive and can interfere with farming operations. Bisexual attract-and-kill technology based on plant volatile formulations offers a potential alternative in some circumstances. We discuss strategies for using such products and describe two trials in which three applications of an attract-and-kill formulation substantially reduced the numbers of Helicoverpa spp. moths and the numbers of potentially overwintering eggs they laid. One trial tested a curative strategy in which the last generation of moths emerging from transgenic cotton was targeted. The other tested a preventive strategy which aimed to reduce the numbers of eggs in the last generation. The preventive strategy reduced egg numbers by about 90% and is now included as an optional alternative to pupae busting in resistance management strategies for Australian cotton. It is limited to fields which have not been defoliated prior to 31 March and was developed to be used primarily in southern New South Wales. In the 2020–2021 cotton season, it was adopted on approximately 60% of the eligible cotton area. We describe the process whereby the strategy was developed in collaboration with the transgenic technology provider, supported by the cotton industry, and approved by the regulatory authority.
Narrative review of local prostate and metastasis-directed radiotherapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Terada Naoki , Aizawa Rihito , Nihei Keiji , Shiota Masaki , Kojima Takahiro , Kimura Takahiro , Inoue Takahiro , Kitamura Hiroshi , Sugimoto Mikio , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Mizowaki Takashi , Kamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The role of local treatment in patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer is controversial. In population-based retrospective studies, metastatic prostate cancer patients who received local treatment with prostate radiotherapy showed a better prognosis than those who did not. In addition, several prospective randomized studies demonstrated that prostate radiotherapy achieves a survival benefit for patients with oligo-metastasis. Moreover, the efficacy of metastasis-directed radiotherapy was evaluated, revealing a potential benefit for patients with oligo-metastasis. Importantly, these radiotherapies may reduce the occurrence of symptomatic local events. In this review, the rationale, efficacy and future perspectives for local prostate and metastasis-directed radiotherapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer were described and summarized.
Mining for allelic gold: finding genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in crops and wild relatives
Authors: Sharwood Robert E , Quick W Paul , Sargent Demi , Estavillo Gonzalo M , Silva-Perez Viridiana , Furbank Robert T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Improvement of photosynthetic traits in crops to increase yield potential and crop resilience has recently become a major breeding target. Synthetic biology and genetic technologies offer unparalleled opportunities to create new genetics for photosynthetic traits driven by existing fundamental knowledge. However, large ‘gene bank’ collections of germplasm comprising historical collections of crop species and their relatives offer a wealth of opportunities to find novel allelic variation in the key steps of photosynthesis, to identify new mechanisms and to accelerate genetic progress in crop breeding programmes. Here we explore the available genetic resources in food and fibre crops, strategies to selectively target allelic variation in genes underpinning key photosynthetic processes, and deployment of this variation via gene editing in modern elite material.
Spatiokinematic models of five nova remnants: correlations between nova shell axial ratio, expansion velocity, and speed class
Authors: Santamaría E , Guerrero M A , Zavala S , Ramos-Larios G , Toalá J A , Sabin L 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present long-slit intermediate-dispersion spectroscopic observations and narrow-band direct imaging of four classical nova shells, namely T Aur, HR Del, DQ Her, and QU Vul, and the nova-like source CK Vul. These are used to construct models of their nebular remnants using the morphokinematic modelling tool shape to reveal their 3D shape. All these nova remnants but CK Vul can be described by prolate ellipsoidal shells with different eccentricity degree, from the spherical QU Vul to the highly elongated shell with an equatorial component HR Del. On the other hand, CK Vul shows a more complex structure, with two pairs of nested bipolar lobes. The spatiokinematic properties of the ellipsoidal nova shells derived from our models include their true axial ratios. This parameter is expected to correlate with the expansion velocity and decline time t3 (i.e. their speed class) of a nova as the result the interaction of the ejecta with the circumstellar material and rotation speed and magnetic field of the white dwarf. We have compared these three parameters including data available in the literature for another two nova shells, V533 Her and FH Ser. There is an anticorrelation between the expansion velocity and the axial ratio and decline time t3 for nova remnants with ellipsoidal morphology, and a correlation between their axial ratios and decline times t3, confirming theoretical expectations that the fastest expanding novae have the smallest axial ratios. We note that the high expansion velocity of the nova shell HR Del of 615 km s−1 is inconsistent with its long decline time t3 of 250 d.
Planet population synthesis: the role of stellar encounters
Authors: Ndugu N , Abedigamba O P , Andama G 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Depending on the stellar densities, protoplanetary discs in stellar clusters undergo: background heating; disc truncation-driven by stellar encounter; and photoevaporation. Disc truncation leads to reduced characteristic sizes and disc masses that eventually halt gas giant planet formation. We investigate how disc truncation impacts planet formation via pebble-based core accretion paradigm, where pebble sizes were derived from the full grain-size distribution within the disc lifetimes. We make the best-case assumption of one embryo and one stellar encounter per disc. Using planet population synthesis techniques, we find that disc truncation shifts the disc mass distributions to the lower margins. This consequently lowered the gas giant occurrence rates. Despite the reduced gas giant formation rates in clustered discs, the encounter models mostly show as in the isolated field; the cold Jupiters are more frequent than the hot Jupiters, consistent with observation. Moreover, the ratio of hot to cold Jupiters depend on the periastron distribution of the perturbers with linear distribution in periastron ratio showing enhanced hot to cold Jupiters ratio in comparison to the remaining models. Our results are valid in the best-case scenario corresponding to our assumptions of: only one disc encounter with a perturber, ambient background heating, and less rampant photoevaporation. It is not known exactly of how much gas giant planet formation would be affected should disc encounter, background heating, and photoevaporation act in a concert. Thus, our study will hopefully serve as motivation for quantitative investigations of the detailed impact of stellar cluster environments on planet formations.
Predicting exon criticality from protein sequence
Authors: Desai Jigar , Francis Christopher , Longo Kenneth , Hoss Andrew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Alternative splicing is frequently involved in the diversification of protein function and can also be modulated for therapeutic purposes. Here we develop a predictive model, called Exon ByPASS (predicting Exon skipping Based on Protein amino acid SequenceS), to assess the criticality of exon inclusion based solely on information contained in the amino acid sequence upstream and downstream of the exon junctions. By focusing on protein sequence, Exon ByPASS predicts exon skipping independent of tissue and species in the absence of any intronic information. We validate model predictions using transcriptomic and proteomic data and show that the model can capture exon skipping in different tissues and species. Additionally, we reveal potential therapeutic opportunities by predicting synthetically skippable exons and neo-junctions arising in cancer cells.
An EZH2 blocker sensitizes histone mutated diffuse midline glioma to cholesterol metabolism inhibitors through an off-target effect
Authors: Rahal Farah , Capdevielle Caroline , Rousseau Benoit , Izotte Julien , Dupuy Jean-William , Cappellen David , Chotard Guillaume , Ménard Mélissa , Charpentier Justine , Jecko Vincent , Caumont Charline , Gimbert Edouard , Grosset Christophe F , Hagedorn Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-mutant (DMG) is a rare, highly aggressive pediatric tumor affecting the brainstem, and is one of the deadliest cancers. Currently available treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy do only modestly prolong survival. In this pathology, H3K27 mutations deregulate Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), including enzymatic activity of EZH2, which is therefore under investigation as a therapeutic target.

Methods
We used a chemical EZH2 inhibitor, GSK126, small interfering RNAs, and a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout approaches in a series of DMG tumor cell lines to investigate metabolic treatment responses by proteomic analysis. A combination strategy was elaborated and studied in primary and established DMG cells, spheroid 3D cultures, and in vivo in a chick chorio-allantoic membrane DMG assay and an orthotopic intracranial DMG mouse model.

Results
GSK126 shows significant (P &lt; .05–.001) inhibitory effects in in vitro cell proliferation assays and induces apoptosis. Chemical targeting of EZH2 induced expression of proteins implicated in cholesterol metabolism. Low-dose GSK126 treatment together with statins revealed strong growth inhibition in combinatorial treatments, but not in single treatments, both in DMG cells in vitro, in DMG spheroid cultures, and in chick and mouse in vivo models (P &lt; .05). All statistical tests were two-sided.

Conclusions
Our results reveal an unexpected GSK126-inducible sensitivity to cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors in highly aggressive pediatric glioma that warrants further evaluation as treatment strategy. This combinatorial therapy should have few side effects because of the low doses used to achieve significant anti-tumor activity.