bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach of Lateral Velocity Profile Due to Curvature Effect on Floodplain Levee of Two-stage Meandering Channel
Authors: Rathor Shriya K , Mohanta Abinash , Patra K. C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rivers play an integral part in the sustenance of life on earth. Flooding in rivers hinders the everyday lifestyle of the people in that region. Therefore, river engineers need to understand the characteristics of rivers (both in-bank and overbank flow conditions) and mitigate flood impacts using this study. The channel’s sinuous nature causes erosion of its outer wall and silt deposition on its inner wall. These changes in the terrain make it vital to design the meandering compound channel. The floodplains act as storage for floods during high flows. Levees, both straight and meandering, can be constructed on both sides of the channel to guard the surrounding lands. For doubly meandering levee alignment, the momentum transfer between the main channel and the adjoining floodplains affects the velocity distribution across the channel cross-section. So, hydraulic engineers must investigate this complex flow phenomenon in the case of a doubly meandering compound channel. This study investigates the flow in meandering compound channels using numerical and physical modelling, both of which are important in understanding non-uniform flow and its behaviour. Flood management, sediment transport, riverbank protection, and other critical engineering problems can be solved with accurate velocity and boundary shear distribution predictions along the open channel's cross-section. As a result, a research is presented on the sharing of shear stress throughout the channel bed, as well as boundary and velocity over the cross section of the main channel and the floodplains of meandering compound channels. The authors attempt to include flow complexity by modifying measurable properties of a meandering compound channel, such as width ratio, aspect ratio, and hydraulic parameter, relative depth, all of which have a significant impact on the flow. The geometry of meandering compound channels, having straight as well as sinuous floodplain levees, is chosen for this study. Unlike the experimental models, numerical hydraulic models are remarkably economical. So, in this research, the numerical hydraulic model is adopted to determine the different flow characteristics of compound meandering channels. In this paper, a complete three-dimensional and two-phase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the meandering compound channels is analyzed making use of the RNG K-ɛ turbulence model as we as Volume of Fluid (VOF) methodology. A comparison study between numerical results and experimental results are represent considering the two different experimental data of compound meandering channel having the main channel meandered with sinuosity (ratio of channel length to the down valley length) of 1.37 and were flanked by straight floodplains as well as meandered flood plains having sinuosity 1.06 on both sides. By error analysis, it is observed that the numerical results agree with that of the experimental ones.
Multifrequency-based sharpening of focal volume
Authors: Riis Tom , Kubanek Jan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Systems that emit electromagnetic or sonic waves for diagnostic or interventional applications are often limited by the size of their aperture, thus producing an elongated beam. Here, we have developed a method that substantially sharpens the depth of focus. The method superimposes a range of frequencies in space and time, and does not require labeling of targets or other manipulations of the medium. Using simulations, we found that the method sharpens the depth of focus even for systems with a narrow bandwidth. Moreover, we implemented the method in ultrasonic hardware and found that a ±23% frequency bandwidth provides an average 7.4-fold reduction in the focal volume of the resulting beams. This method can be readily applied to sharpen the focus of interventional systems and is expected to also improve the axial resolution of existing imaging systems.
The Determinants of Internet User Skills in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Magaletti Nicola , Cosoli Gabriele , Giardinelli Vito , Massaro Alessandro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The following article indicates the determinants of “Internet User Skills” among European countries based on the application of the database deriving from the DESI-Index. The data were analyzed using the following econometric models, namely: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS, WLS corrected for heteroskedasticity. The Elbow method and the Silouette coefficient method were compared for the optimization of the number of clusters obtained by the k-Means algorithm. The result shows the presence of 5 clusters. A network analysis was carried out using the Euclidean distance with the result of identifying two network structures between some analyzed countries. subsequently a comparison was made between six different machine learning algorithms for the prediction of the future value of the variable of interest. The result shows that the best predictor algorithm is Gradient Boosted Tree Regression with an expected value of the predicted variable increasing by a value of 1.75%. Later a further comparison was made by comparing 6 algorithms with the increased data. The result shows that the best predictor is Simple Regression Tree. The interest variable is predicted to decrease by an amount equal to -6.099%. Statistical errors improve on average by 32.43% in the transition between the original data and the increased data.JEL Classification: O30; O31, O32; O33; O36
The impact path of platform enterprise network information content responsibility based on fsQCA
Authors: Tian Zongtao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The multi-governance model of platform enterprise network information content responsibility needs government departments to actively guide the relevant social subjects to participate in the governance process, if the government does not understand the function condition of the social organization and the Netizen in the governance process, it is easy to lead to one-sidedly pursue the high participation level of them, and it is difficult to realize the maximum utility of the multi-governance model. This paper considers four parameters, which are the degree of social organization participation, the power space, the degree of netizens participation and the degree of reporting justice, research on the impact path of network information eco-responsibility behavior of platform enterprises by using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets. According to the logical analysis of Bourg's algebraic algorithm, the results show that the key factors that lead the platform enterprises to fulfill the responsibility of network information content are to improve the right space of social organizations, participation degree, participation degree of Internet users and the degree of reporting justice.
Endodontic management of Mandibular Premolar with Two Roots
Authors: Thanvi Charu , Jharwal Akansha , Sejra Anubha , Thanvi Gaurang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Thorough knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of tooth root canal system is the key for successful outcome of endodontic treatment. False assumptions about the canal anatomy of teeth may lead to misdiagnosis, missed canals, improper debridement and breakage of instruments within the root canal during treatment and moreover the persistent pain to patient. Teeth often shows changes in their anatomy of the pulp chamber and root canal system which brings challenge to clinician. Mandibular first premolar shows very low incidence of variations in its root canal system. But for successful root canal treatment these variations had to be kept in mind and to take in consideration for proper cleaning and shaping.
Pouch and tunnel technique in conjunction with connective tissue graft-A Paramount for treating Miller’s class II gingival recession
Authors: Poonam Yadav Poonam Yadav 
Published: May 2022

Introduction : Gingival recession is both unpleasant and unesthetic, therefore demanding esthetic correction. Pouch and Tunnel technique with CTG is a minimally invasive quick healing alternative for recession coverage effectively.
Objective : The objective of this case was to achieve complete root coverage of exposed root using pouch and tunnel technique with connective tissue graft for optimal patient compliance.
Methodology- After local anesthesia, at the recipient site sulcular incision was made, pouch and tunnel was created, any remaining collagen fibres, muscle fibres were cut. Papillae were kept intact. Connective tissue graft was harvested from palate area using a single incision technique, which was then inserted into recipient pouch and tunnel.
Sutures were placed to hold graft in position, the entire gingivo-papillary complex was then coronally positioned and sutured, periodontal pack was applied. To hold gingivo-papillary complex in coronal position, composite stops were made pre-surgically.
Result : The surgical site appeared normal without any trace of sloughing, healing progressed uneventfuly and the gingival recession was partially covered with satisfactory aesthetic result.
Conclusion : Pouch and Tunnel technique proved to be minimally invasive technique showing optimal root coverage with good patient compliance.
Verrucous carcinoma in association with oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Tyagi Mahima 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT -Oral verrucous carcinoma is a form of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by exophytic over growth. It is slow growing and locally invasive tumor occurring in 6 th and 7 th decade of life. Smoking and chewing tobacco is found to be the most common etiological factor of verrucous carcinoma although oral leukoplakia may act as a predisposing factor. This is a rare case of oral verrucous Carcinoma seen in association with oral submucous fibrosis in a young adult patient with history of chewing gutkha and smoking.
Dentistry to Dermatology- A Rare Case of Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia
Authors: Joshi Chetna , Khare Vikram , Saleem Adeeba , Naren Supriya , Das Sukanya , Waghla Mehul 
Published: May 2022

Jawbones have various properties that result from their peculiar embryonic development. Jawbones play a pivotal role in anchoring teeth. Any disturbance in their development leads to the pathology of the jaw and their surrounding structures. Since these pathologies develop from the jaw they have typical clinical radiographic and histologic features. The case report highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis which will lead to proper treatment and counselling of the patient.
This is a case report of 12 years old female patient who came to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a chief complaint of caries. Later, on examination, the unusual swelling in the maxilla was noted with the patient being completely unaware and asymptomatic. On correlating various clinical radiographic and histologic features a rarest of rare concealed pathology of jaw bone was unshielded.
Diversification of urban water supply: An assessment of social costs and water production costs
Authors: Ribeiro Francisco W. , da Silva Samiria M. O. , de Souza Filho Francisco de A. , Carvalho Taís M. N. , de M. Lopes Tereza M. X. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The incorporation of new water sources into a supply system requires an assessment of their economic feasibility, which, in turn, demands knowledge of their associated costs. This study calculates water production cost and evaluates social cost by applying the residual value method and calculating the shadow price for several water sources. The results indicate that desalination and industrial reuse incur similar costs, with the former being more competitive in terms of investment (US dollar (USD) 0.28/m3) and the latter in operation and maintenance (USD 0.57/m3). Cisterns and greywater reuse incur higher investment costs (USD 2.20/m3 and USD 2.60/m3, respectively), while well water has the lowest total cost (USD 0.08/m3). Desalination showed the lowest degree of distortion between shadow price and water cost and between shadow price and the average tariff; meanwhile, there was moderate distortion for industrial reuse and groundwater sources. The conclusions suggest that desalination and industrial reuse offer good flow at feasible costs and are, therefore, strategically sound sources. However, for these sources and for wells, tariff policy does not reflect a significant part of the social cost they incur.
A comparative study of various parameters of drinking water quality in Shahroud city, Iran: tap water, well water and bottled water
Authors: Ghanbarian Marjan , Roudbari Aliakbar , Nazemi Saeid , Javid Allah-Bakhsh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe physical, chemical and microbial quality of bottled water, tap water and water supplied from wells in the city of Shahroud was compared. The results of the analysis showed that the measured parameters, except in minor cases, were of national and international standards. There was no significant difference between the quality of bottled water and tap water, as well as bottled water and water available in water supply resources in the city of Shahroud. Regardless of the area in which the study was conducted, it was found that there was no need for developing other types of water treatment systems such as bottled water and domestic water treatment systems. In many cases, since bottled water is exposed to intense sunlight during the transport process, there could be a leakage of plastic monomers from the bottle wall into the water in hot or cold conditions, which can endanger consumer health. Tap water supplied from the water supply resources in the city of Shahroud was found to be completely safe and posed no threat to consumer health.
Malachite green removal using ionic flocculation
Authors: Teixeira Y. N. , Melo R. P. F. , Fernandes M. R. , Carmo S. K. S. , Neto E. L. Barros 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of ionic flocculation is proposed to remove malachite green (MG), in this case, from water. A surfactant with the polluted solution and calcium is added. The surfactant-calcium reaction forms a precipitate, which aggregates into flocs on agitation. The flocs adsorb MG, which can then be removed by centrifugation. Ionic flocculation was assessed by varying parameters including: surfactant and MG concentrations, electrolyte content, pH, contact time, etc. The isotherm and adsorption kinetic models that best fit this process are the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. MG removal efficiency of 96% was obtained at pH 9, with surfactant concentration 1,400 mg L−1, MG concentration 10 mg L−1 and contact time 10 minutes. The process has potential for pollutant removal.
Leachate treatment potential of nanomaterial based assemblies: a systematic review on recent development
Authors: Vaidh Sachin , Parekh Dharni , Patel Dhara , Vishwakarma Gajendra Singh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rapid development of the population has brought about a serious problem of waste generation and management. Open dumping and land filling are two of the preferred options for waste management and treatment. As a consequence of this, the accumulation of leachates has become one of the concerns for environmental sustainability. In this regard, various treatment methodologies have been developed in recent decades. Among them, the nanomaterial-based approaches are the emerging ones in the current scenario due to their various unique properties. Furthermore, nanomaterial-based assemblies (i.e., nanomaterials combined with microbes, chemical catalysts, enzymes, and so on) have been introduced as a novel modification for leachate treatment. This work, therefore, has been dedicated to comprehensively reviewing all nanomaterial based leachate treatment techniques. In this regard, the first part of this review will discuss the nano catalyst, nano adsorbent along with their synthesis and mechanistic view of pollutant removal potential. In the second part, the nanomaterial-based microbial conjugates applied in the leachate treatments have been discussed. Apart from this, various other nanomaterial-based methods have been discussed in the third part of the review. Hence this review is providing an insight of all the recent developments pertaining to the nano material based leachate treatment techniques.
Trends in the Pharmaceutical Design of New Psychoactive Substances Detected in
Oral Fluid OF Drivers Around a Music Festival in South-West France: Comparison
2019/2017
Authors: Gish Alexandr , Dumestre-Toulet Véronique , Richeval Camille , Wiart Jean-François , Hakim Florian , Allorge Delphine , Gaulier Jean-michel 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
new psychoactive substance use (NPS) is a reality in France, including among drivers. This work aims (i) to report pharmaceutical design of NPS detected in oral fluid (OF) from drivers initially screened for drugs around a music festival in 2019, and (ii) to compare obtained results with those of a previous similar study carried out in 2017 in the same situation (and the same music festival) and according to the same methodology.

Methods:
OF specimens were recovered from the used devices of the salivary immunochemical tests used by the police during the controls carried out at the entering and leaving the festival. These OF were analyzed using a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry methods using mass spectra libraries of approximately 1700 substances including (in 2020) more than 650 NPS and metabolites.

Results:
NPS were detected in 14 out of the 265 collected OF specimens. Ten NPS were identified (number of identification): APINACA (1), AB-Chminaca (1), 5F-AMB (1), 5F-PB-22 (5), 2C-D (1), methoxetamine (2), ketamine (1), x-CMC (1), 4-MEC (2), ethylone (2). The prevalence of NPS detection in OF (5.2%) is in the same order than the observed one in 2017 (6.8%) but these results are marked by the majority and increasing proportion of synthetic cannabinoids (47% of identified NPS in 2019 vs 25% in 2017), an increase also in the proportion of cathinone derivatives (29% in 2019 vs 6 % in 2017), and a decrease in cyclohexanones (17% in 2019 vs 43% in 2017).

Conclusion:
these pharmaceutical design trends (2019 vs 2017) observed in a population of drivers around a music festival seem to reflect those that can be seen in more general populations in France, with probably a rise in the consumption of synthetic cannabinoids.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Ester of Phloridzin Reduces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
via AMPK
Authors: Chen Jingqing , Wu Zhenlong , Wang Jin , Si Xuemeng , Zhang Rui , Sun Tianqi , Dong Qiaoyan , Wu Wenqing , Qiu Yefeng 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Docosahexaenoic acid-acylated phloridzin (PZ-DHA), a novel polyphenol fatty acid
ester derivative, is synthesized through an acylation reaction of phloridzin (PZ) and docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA). PZ-DHA is more stable than DHA and exhibits higher cellular uptake and bioavailability than PZ.

Objective:
The study aims to investigate the effects of PZ-DHA on insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and
the related mechanisms; we used palmitic acid (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes as an insulin resistance model.

Results:
We found that PZ-DHA increased the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and improved
glucose uptake and mitochondrial function in an AMPK-dependent manner in untreated C2C12 myotubes.
PZ-DHA treatment of the myotubes reversed PA-induced insulin resistance; this was indicated by increases in
glucose uptake and the expression of membrane glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and phosphorylated Akt. Moreover,
PZ-DHA treatment reversed PA-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. These effects of PZ-DHA were
mediated by AMPK. Furthermore, the increase in AMPK activity, improvement in insulin resistance, and
decrease in inflammatory and oxidative responses after PZ-DHA treatment diminished upon co-treatment with
a liver kinase B1 (LKB1) inhibitor, suggesting that PZ-DHA improved AMPK activity by regulating its
upstream kinase, LKB1.

Conclusion:
The effects of PZ-DHA on insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes may be mediated by the LKB1-
AMPK signaling pathway. Hence, PZ-DHA is a promising therapeutic agent for insulin resistance in type 2
diabetes.
Identification of Hypoxia-related Genes in Acute Myocardial Infarction
using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wu Yanqing , Xia Huasong , Chen Yi , Chen Qiang 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the most fatal diseases worldwide. Persistent ischemia and hypoxia are implicated as a significant mechanism in the development of AMI. However, no hypoxia-related gene targets of AMI have been identified to date. This study aimed to identify potential genes and drugs for AMI using bioinformatics analysis.

Material and methods:
Two datasets both related to AMI (GSE76387 and GSE161427) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AMI and sham mice. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes using Cytoscape. Candidate genes were identified by the intersection of hub genes and hypoxia-related genes. Western blotting was used to validate the candidate genes in the AMI mouse model. Furthermore, the Drug-Gene Interaction Database was used to predict potential therapeutic drugs targeting all hub genes.

Results:
Fifty-three upregulated and 16 downregulated genes closely related to AMI were identified. The DEGs were primarily enriched in protein, heparin and integrin binding. KEGG analysis suggested that focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction are crucial pathways for AMI. The PPI network analysis identified 14 hub genes, two of which were hypoxia-related. Several agents were found to have therapeutic potential for AMI.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that connective tissue growth factor and the collagen family members may be candidate targets in treating AMI. Agents targeting these candidates may be potential treatments.
On the Potential Significance of the Intrinsically Disordered Regions in the
Clostridiodes difficile Toxins A and B
Authors: El Hadidy Nashwa , Uversky Vladimir N. , Sun Xingmin 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Clostridiodes (or Clostridium) difficile is a spore-forming, Gram-positive
anaerobic bacterium that may cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis.
During the C. difficile infection (CDI), the two primary bacterial toxins, toxin A (TcdA) or toxin B
(TcdB), disrupt host cell function mainly through the inactivation of small GTPases that regulate the
actin cytoskeleton. Both toxins have complex structural organization containing several functional
domains.

Methods:
Analytical bioinformatics tools are used to compare the extent of disorder within TcdA and
TcdB proteins, and to see if the existence of structural disorder can be used to explain the difference
in the functionality of these toxins.

Results:
This paper’s aim is to offer an overall review of the structural and functional differences between
TcdA and TcdB.

Conclusions:
Results of our multifactorial bioinformatics analysis revealed that intrinsic disorder may
play a role in the multifunctionality of C. difficile major toxins TcdA and TcdB, suggesting that intrinsic
disorder may be related to their pathogenic mechanisms.