bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of GIS and geospatial analyses in COVID-19 research: A systematic review
Authors: Ahasan Rakibul , Alam Md. Shaharier , Chakraborty Torit , Hossain Md. Mahbub 
Published: January 2022

Background: Geographic information science (GIS) has established itself as a distinct domain and incredibly useful whenever the research is related to geography, space, and other spatio-temporal dimensions. However, the scientific landscape on the integration of GIS in COVID-related studies is largely unknown. In this systematic review, we assessed the current evidence on the implementation of GIS and other geospatial tools in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We systematically retrieved and reviewed 79 research articles that either directly used GIS or other geospatial tools as part of their analysis. We grouped the identified papers under six broader thematic groups based on the objectives and research questions of the study- environmental, socio-economic, and cultural, public health, spatial transmission, computer-aided modeling, and data mining. Results: The interdisciplinary nature of how geographic and spatial analysis was used in COVID-19 research was notable among the reviewed papers. Geospatial techniques, especially WebGIS, have even been widely used to visualize the data on a map and were critical to informing the public regarding the spread of the virus, especially during the early days of the pandemic. This review not only provided an overarching view on how GIS has been used in COVID-19 research so far but also concluded that geospatial analysis and technologies could be used in future public health emergencies along with statistical and other socio-economic modeling techniques. Our review also highlighted how scientific communities and policymakers could leverage GIS to extract useful information to make an informed decision in the future. Conclusions: Despite the limited applications of GIS in identifying the nature and spatio-temporal pattern of this raging pandemic, there are opportunities to utilize these techniques in handling the pandemic. The use of spatial analysis and GIS could significantly improve how we understand the pandemic as well as address the underserviced demographic groups and communities.
Tailored PRISMA 2020 flow diagrams for living systematic reviews: a methodological survey and a proposal
Authors: Kahale Lara A. , Elkhoury Rayane , El Mikati Ibrahim , Pardo-Hernandez Hector , Khamis Assem M. , Schünemann Holger J. , Haddaway Neal R. , Akl Elie A. 
Published: January 2022

Background: While the PRISMA flow diagram is widely used for reporting standard systematic reviews (SRs), it was not designed for capturing the results of continual searches for studies in living systematic reviews (LSRs). The objectives of this study are (1) to assess how published LSRs report on the flow of studies through the different phases of the review for the different updates; (2) to propose an approach to reporting on that flow. Methods: For objective 1, we identified all LSRs published up to April 2021. We abstracted information regarding their general characteristics and how they reported on search results. For objective 2, we based our proposal for tailored PRISMA approaches on the findings from objective 1, as well as on our experience with conducting Cochrane LSRs. Results: We identified 279 living publications relating to 76 LSRs. Of the 279 publications, 11% were protocols, 23% were base versions (i.e., the first version), 50% were partial updates (i.e., does not include all typical sections of an SR), and 16% were full updates (i.e., includes all typical sections of an SR). We identified six ways to reporting the study flow: base separately, each update separately (38%); numbers not reported (32%); latest update separately, all previous versions combined (20%); base separately, all updates combined (7%); latest update version only (3%); all versions combined (0%). We propose recording in detail the results of the searches to keep track of all identified records. For structuring the flow diagram, we propose using one of four approaches. Conclusion: We identified six ways for reporting the study flow through the different phases of the review for the different update versions. We propose to document in detail the study flow for the different search updates and select one of our four tailored PRISMA diagram approaches to present that study flow.
COVID-19 home isolation and food consumption patterns: Investigating the correlates of poor dietary diversity in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Mortada Hussein , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Ibrahim Carla , Mansour Rania 
Published: January 2022

Background: The unfurling COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the defenselessness of the Lebanese food system leading to serious implication in maintaining a healthy sustainable lifestyle. Aim: The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption patterns and dietary diversity of the Lebanese people. Methods: The online survey, completed between April and June 2020, consisted of a cross-sectional study on 2282 Lebanese participants (mean age: 29.36±12.221, 80.9% women) that was part of a survey across 38 different countries conducted by De Backer, C. et al. A food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the consumption patterns along with the calculation of the Food Consumption Score (FCS), a proxy indicator of dietary diversity. Data collected on cooking attitudes, shopping, and food stock identify the community mitigation measures. Results: Home isolation due to COVID-19 induced an increase in the consumption of legumes and pulses (3.2%, p-value=0.001) and whole wheat groups (2.8%, p-value=0.03). In contrast, a decrease of 5.4%, 6.9%, 5.8%, 5.1%, 3.1%, 3.4% and 2.8% was observed in the consumption of fruits (p-value=0), vegetables (p-value=0), processed meats, poultry, and fish (p-value=0), other dairy products (p-value=0), sweet snacks (p-value=0.001), sugared beverages (p-value=0), fats and oils (p-value=0.001), respectively. The FCS decreased by 4.6%. As food-related behaviors, most cooking attitudes, and practices (10 out of 13) showed an amelioration during the lockdown and the proportions of food stocked have been changing since the start of the pandemic seeing higher amounts of pasta, rice or other grains, flour, and legumes/pulses stocked. Conclusion: To conclude, the hostile home isolation strategy followed to prevent the COVID-19 spread in Lebanon, came at a high nutritional cost, driving poor dietary diversity.
Using theory of change in child health service interventions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jones Benjamin , Nagraj Shobhana , English Mike 
Published: January 2022

Background:The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence of how child health service interventions use their theory of change. A theory of change is a hypothesis ofhowandwhyan intervention is intended to bring about change. It can be used as a program design, implementation, and evaluation tool. This scoping review will provide an overview of the evidence base for, and identify the way in which, theories of change in child health service interventions are defined, rationalised, developed, presented, and refined.Methods:The inclusion criteria for this scoping review is any child health service intervention globally, that describes their theory of change or theory of change development process. Relevant exclusions include: logic models or logic frameworks that do not meet this review’s definition of theory of change, systematic reviews, behavioural change interventions that target patient’s behaviour, school-based interventions, and maternal health interventions not related to child health outcomes. This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s manual. Relevant publications will be first searched on selected electronic databases and grey literature. A search strategy will be developed. The search will be limited to articles written in the English language. Results of the search will be curated using Endnote and duplicates removed. Results will be imported to Rayyan. The inclusion criteria will be applied during the process of title and abstract screening, by two independent reviewers and disagreements resolved by a third independent reviewer. Full-texts will have the inclusion criteria applied via the same reviewer process. Data relevant to the research sub-questions will be extracted, analysed, charted and discussed.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval is not required for this review as we will make use of already published data. We aim to publish the findings of our review in a peer-reviewed journal.
Mathematical modelling of activation-induced heterogeneity in TNF, IL6, NOS2, and IL1β expression reveals cell state transitions underpinning macrophage responses to LPS
Authors: Dey Shoumit , Boucher Dave , Pitchford Jon , Lagos Dimitris 
Published: January 2022

Background: Despite extensive work on macrophage heterogeneity, the mechanisms driving activation induced heterogeneity (AIH) in macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to develop mathematical models to explore theoretical cellular states underpinning the empirically observed responses of macrophages following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Methods: We obtained empirical data following primary and secondary responses to LPS in two in vitro cellular models (bone marrow-derived macrophages or BMDMs, and RAW 264.7 cells) and single-cell protein measurements for four key inflammatory mediators: TNF, IL-6, pro-IL-1β, and NOS2, and used mathematical modelling to understand heterogeneity. Results: For these four factors, we showed that macrophage community AIH is dependent on LPS dose and that altered AIH kinetics in macrophages responding to a second LPS challenge underpin hypo-responsiveness to LPS. These empirical data can be explained by a mathematical three-state model including negative, positive, and non-responsive states (NRS), but they are also compatible with a four-state model that includes distinct reversibly NRS and non-responsive permanently states (NRPS). Our mathematical model, termed NoRM (Non-Responsive Macrophage) model identifies similarities and differences between BMDM and RAW 264.7 cell responses. In both cell types, transition rates between states in the NoRM model are distinct for each of the tested proteins and, crucially, macrophage hypo-responsiveness is underpinned by changes in transition rates to and from NRS. Conclusions: Overall, we provide a mathematical model for studying macrophage ecology and community dynamics that can be used to elucidate the role of phenotypically negative macrophage populations in AIH and, primary and secondary responses to LPS.
La discriminación vive en las calles. Análisis de vivencias rutinarias que configuran discriminación contra las mujeres
Authors: García Sierra Lina Milena 
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo hace un recorrido por la construcción del discurso, sus alcances en la construcción de realidades y de representación de grupos identitarios, ello con el fin de llevar al lector a un análisis profundo sobre la discriminación como categoría social y jurídico penal. Se usó como insumo de investigación, sesiones de charlas adelantadas con mujeres sobre las violencias contras las mujeres, el sexismo, el discurso de odio y la configuración de agencias tanto individuales como grupales.

Finalmente se aborda la eficiencia y coherencia entre el marco normativo colombiano en materia de prevención de violencias contra la mujer y el impacto en la reducción de delitos contras las mujeres por razones de género. Se propone a su vez la intervención desde la política criminal para que desde un enfoque de género se logren estrategias eficaces para mejorar las condiciones de vida de las mujeres.
On-chip trapping and sorting of nanoparticles using a single slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity
Authors: Wang Jinzhi , Wang Chao , Han Zhe , Tian Huiping 
Published: January 2022

In this work, we propose a slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) to trap and sort the 120 nm and 30 nm nanoparticles. The simulation shows that the maximum optical trapping force of the 120 nm particle is 38.7 pN/mW, and that of the 30 nm particle is 10.8 pN/mW. It is calculated that the trapping threshold power of the 120 nm particle is 35.3 µW, and that of the 30 nm particle is 41.6 µW. Because the width of the slot is 100 nm, when the input power is between 35.3 µW and 41.6 µW, only the 120 nm particle can be trapped in the upper cladding of the slotted-PCNC. When the input power is greater than 41.6 µW, the 120 nm particle is still trapped in the upper cladding of the slotted-PCNC, while the 30 nm particle is trapped inside the slot of the slotted-PCNC. By properly controlling the input power and the direction of flow in the microfluidic channel, the sorting of particles can be achieved. In addition, trapping of the particles causes different redshifts of peak wavelengths. Thus, the proposed slotted-PCNC can detect particle trapping and sorting by monitoring the resonant wavelength shifts. What is the most important, compared with previous reported single particle trapping work, is that the proposed work can realize both trapping and sorting. Therefore, provided with the ultra-compact footprint and excellent performance, the proposed slotted-PCNC shows great potential for a multifunctional lab-on-a-chip system.
Effect of Ga1−xInxAs1−yPy Al-free asymmetric barrier on GaAs-based 808-nm laser diode
Authors: Xu Zhang , Dong Hailiang , Gang Jia Zhi , Qin Zhang Ai , Jian Liang , Yong Wang Zhi , She Xu Bing 
Published: January 2022

A GaInAsP/GaAs/GaAsP Al-free laser with asymmetric potential barriers is designed theoretically to prevent carrier leakage. The band alignment demonstrates that a high height of the potential barrier decreases the leakage current. The internal quantum efficiency increases by increasing the injection efficiency, which is attributed to the decreasing electron potential barrier heights. Moreover, the threshold current and operating voltage decrease by adopting a novel barrier so that the output power and power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase. When the injection current is 5 kA/cm2, the PCE is 77.82% and the output power is 13.21 W. The physical mechanism of potential barrier heights affecting carrier transport is investigated, which will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing laser diodes.
Evaluation of critical data processing steps for reliable prediction of gene co-expression from large collections of RNA-seq data
Authors: Vandenbon Alexis 
Published: January 2022

MotivationGene co-expression analysis is an attractive tool for leveraging enormous amounts of public RNA-seq datasets for the prediction of gene functions and regulatory mechanisms. However, the optimal data processing steps for the accurate prediction of gene co-expression from such large datasets remain unclear. Especially the importance of batch effect correction is understudied.ResultsWe processed RNA-seq data of 68 human and 76 mouse cell types and tissues using 50 different workflows into 7,200 genome-wide gene co-expression networks. We then conducted a systematic analysis of the factors that result in high-quality co-expression predictions, focusing on normalization, batch effect correction, and measure of correlation. We confirmed the key importance of high sample counts for high-quality predictions. However, choosing a suitable normalization approach and applying batch effect correction can further improve the quality of co-expression estimates, equivalent to a >80% and >40% increase in samples. In larger datasets, batch effect removal was equivalent to a more than doubling of the sample size. Finally, Pearson correlation appears more suitable than Spearman correlation, except for smaller datasets.ConclusionA key point for accurate prediction of gene co-expression is the collection of many samples. However, paying attention to data normalization, batch effects, and the measure of correlation can significantly improve the quality of co-expression estimates.
Associations between pain and physical activity among older adults
Authors: Niederstrasser Nils Georg , Attridge Nina 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Chronic pain is a significant societal problem and pain complaints are one of the main causes of work absenteeism and emergency room visits. Physical activity has been associated with reduced risk of suffering from musculoskeletal pain complaints, but the exact relationship in an older adult sample is not known.

Methods
Participants self-reported their physical activity level and whether they were often troubled by bone, joint, or muscle pain. Logistic regression analyses revealed the nature of the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and physical activity cross-sectionally and longitudinally over the course of 10 years. Data were taken from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, comprising of 5802 individuals residing in England aged 50 or older.

Results
Only high levels of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of suffering from musculoskeletal pain compared to a sedentary lifestyle longitudinally. In addition, having low wealth, being female, and being overweight or obese were found to be risk factors for suffering from musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusions
The development of interventions aimed at alleviating and preventing musculoskeletal pain complaints might benefit from incorporating physical activity programs, weight loss, and aspects addressing wealth inequality to maximise their efficacy.
Hip Hop Versus Rap: The Politics of Droppin’ Knowledge, Patrick Turner (2019)
Authors: Bearder Pete 
Published: January 2022

Review of: Hip Hop Versus Rap: The Politics of Droppin’ Knowledge, Patrick Turner (2019)
London: Routledge, 176 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36737-112-8, p/bk, £36.99
Saberes científicos y regímenes violentos: confluencia de ideas, prácticas e intereses entre la psiquiatría alemana y el régimen nazi
Authors: Allevi José Ignacio 
Published: January 2022

El artículo que sigue se interesa por el vínculo gestado entre el régimen nazi y la disciplina psiquiátrica alemana, con el objeto de poner en tensión ciertas prácticas y conceptualizaciones suscitadas en la comunidad médica, las influencias culturales y racistas del espacio alemán en las mismas, así como su participación en los programas del nazismo en el poder. El objetivo central del trabajo es reconstruir, a partir de producciones historiográficas contemporáneas, un proceso descuidado, referido a las muertes que el Estado nazi perpetró sobre un conjunto extenso de sujetos calificados como peligros y degenerativos de la raza, entre los cuales se encontraban los mismos alemanes. Se propone, por otra parte, reafirmar una postura que entienda al ascenso del nazismo como un proceso complejo, atravesado fundamentalmente por factores culturales, intelectuales y socio-económicos, entre los cuales la política resultó un medio para canalizarlos antes que una vía explicatoria. Para ello, en primer término desarrollaremos algunas líneas del panorama socio-político y cultural de la Alemania previa al ascenso del nazismo, para de esa manera poder concebir no sólo la posibilidad de ascenso del régimen, sino también la emergencia, desde principios de siglo, de corrientes intelectuales con un fuerte contenido racial en el pensamiento psiquiátrico, que luego resultaron afines y justificatorias del régimen. Avanzaremos, en segundo lugar, sobre las principales instancias en que dichos saberes científicamente legitimados se articularon con el Tercer Reich desde la academia, las corporaciones profesionales y el mundo industrial.
The Politics of Accounting Standards: A Comment on Ramanna’s “Unreliable Accounts: How Regulators Fabricate Conceptual Narratives to Diffuse Criticism”
Authors: Vogel Steven K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Karthik Ramanna recounts how the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) dropped “reliability” as a fundamental property of accounting in 2010. He offers two possible explanations for this change: (1) The FASB removed reliability to clarify its conceptual framework, and (2) It sought to reconcile its framework with the growing use of fair-value accounting. Ramanna does not give total victory to one explanation over another, nor does he assign purely public- or private-interest motives to the actors in the story. Yet this very ambiguity tells us a lot about the distinctive politics of accounting and other technical realms of regulation, and exposes some of the shortcomings of more standard interest-group models in political science.
Can local inhomogeneity of the Universe explain the accelerating expansion?
Authors: Turaev Sobir , Nuritdinov Salakhutdin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the disordering of the principle of cosmology on a small scale, i.e. the possibility of interpreting the observational data of type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) through the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the Universe. The expansion of the Universe may appear to be accelerating due to “dark flows”, changes in the wavelength of light passing through “voids” and clusters, or anisotropy. Different sets of cosmological data are also considered without the need for a dark energy component.
Modular peptide binders – development of a predictive technology as alternative for reagent antibodies
Authors: Gisdon Florian J. , Kynast Josef P. , Ayyildiz Merve , Hine Anna V. , Plückthun Andreas , Höcker Birte 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Current biomedical research and diagnostics critically depend on detection agents for specific recognition and quantification of protein molecules. Monoclonal antibodies have been used for this purpose over decades and facilitated numerous biological and biomedical investigations. Recently, however, it has become apparent that many commercial reagent antibodies lack specificity or do not recognize their target at all. Thus, synthetic alternatives are needed whose complex designs are facilitated by multidisciplinary approaches incorporating experimental protein engineering with computational modeling. Here, we review the status of such an engineering endeavor based on the modular armadillo repeat protein scaffold and discuss challenges in its implementation.
Measurement of engagement in the foreign language classroom and its effect on language achievement: the case of Chinese college EFL students
Authors: Guo Yan , Xu Jinfen , Chen Cong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study developed a comprehensive and domain-specific scale for foreign language classroom engagement (FLCE) and examined the effect of classroom engagement on foreign language achievement. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to gather a broad range of data, including an open-ended questionnaire at the early stage of engagement scale development, the scale itself for pilot study as well as a large-scale survey, and an open-ended questionnaire after the survey to gain further information. A total of 1929 college EFL students across China participated in the large-scale survey. The results revealed that the measurement of FLCE at two levels, one based on the learning context/mode (i.e. individual-based or interaction-based) and the other pertaining to engagement type (i.e. cognitive, behavioral, or emotional), proved to be feasible. While perceiving a moderate level of overall engagement, the students reported significantly higher levels of interaction-based conventional behavioral engagement and individual-based behavioral engagement among the extracted eight facets. Structural equation modelling using English achievement as measured by national proficiency test scores as the dependent variable and the eight engagement dimensions as the independent variables showed an acceptable fit. Among the eight dimensions, only individual-based cognitive engagement significantly predicted the test scores.