bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin proteasome system in circadian rhythm and sleep homeostasis: Lessons from Drosophila
Authors: Ukita Yumiko , Okumura Misako , Chihara Takahiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSleep is regulated by two main processes: the circadian clock and sleep homeostasis. Circadian rhythms have been well studied at the molecular level. In the Drosophila circadian clock neurons, the core clock proteins are precisely regulated by post‐translational modifications and degraded via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS). Sleep homeostasis, however, is less understood; nevertheless, recent reports suggest that proteasome‐mediated degradation of core clock proteins or synaptic proteins contributes to the regulation of sleep amount. Here, we review the molecular mechanism of the UPS and summarize the role of protein degradation in the regulation of circadian clock and homeostatic sleep in Drosophila. Moreover, we discuss the potential interaction between circadian clock and homeostatic sleep regulation with a prime focus on E3 ubiquitin ligases.
Queer subjectivities in hospitality labor
Authors: Sharp Megan , Farrugia David , Coffey Julia , Threadgold Steven , Adkins Lisa , Gill Rosalind 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the experiences of queer workers in the service economy with a focus on hospitality labor. Studies of gender, sexuality and service labor approached mainstream service work as a scene of compulsory heterosexuality, while literature on the position of queer workers has tended to approach work in terms of structural inequalities that prevent queer workers from participating in the labor market, and has therefore focused on notions of diversity and inclusion as frameworks for understanding how the heteronormativity of service relationships can be overcome. This paper shifts focus to examine how queer subjectivities are enacted within the disciplinary requirements of service labor, and on the way that workers negotiate and contest their positioning at work. The paper situates the subjectivities and laboring practices of queer workers at the nexus of tensions between heteronormativity and the politics of diversity in service venues, and examines how workers negotiate and contest their positioning at work. We explore the normativities that shape permissible queer embodiment at work and show how biographical experiences specific to queer workers inform their laboring practices. The paper shows that queer workers in mainstream hospitality venues are enrolled into a specific mode of interactive service labor that capitalizes on their queer biographies, requires highly cultivated relational capacities, and repositions work as a site of political intervention.
Graphical Shading Logs: An Improved Approach for Collecting High Resolution Sedimentological Data at Contaminated Sites
Authors: Meyer Jessica , Munn Jonathan , Arnaud Emmanuelle , Kennel Jonathan , Parker Beth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPredicting contaminant transport in groundwater requires an accurate representation of the subsurface geology controlling the spatial distribution of hydrogeologic parameters. Developing accurate geological models for sedimentary systems relies on quality sedimentological data collected from cores. Standard logging forms used to collect data from cores create a persistent data gap in hydrogeology because they hinder efficient collection of high‐quality sedimentological data. These logging forms require time‐consuming text descriptions of sedimentological characteristics and often result in inconsistent, poorly resolved data insufficient to support realistic geological models. We describe a graphical approach to core logging, the graphical shading log, that facilitates rapid, accurate capture of sedimentological data and a complementary database to store the raw data and interpretations. The visual format of the graphical shading log provides a roadmap of the parameters to log and their possible values, helping to ensure accurate and consistent data collection by loggers with a range of experience. Examples from sites with contaminated groundwater in glaciogenic sediments and siliciclastic and carbonate bedrock show how data from the graphical shading logs improved geological interpretations, supported the design of high‐resolution multilevel systems needed to collect minimally blended hydrogeologic data, and helped to more accurately delineate hydrogeologic units. The format of the graphical shading log and complementary database are designed to be customizable and transferable between hydrogeologic settings providing a new tool to advance geological data collection and management. Improved sedimentological data and insight are critical inputs for process‐based conceptual site models needed to effectively manage contaminant plumes in the subsurface.
Forecasting Groundwater Contaminant Plume Development Using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: McConnell Liz , Karimi Askarani Kayvan , Cognac Kristen E. , Mack E. Erin , Bartlett Craig , Ronayne Michael J. , Blotevogel Jens 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForecasting groundwater contaminant plume development is critical for determining risks to downgradient receptors and predicting the time to site closure. However, accurate forecasts are a formidable challenge due to the complexities of a heterogeneous subsurface. While historically groundwater well data in combination with numerical flow models have been used for this task, the advent of machine learning offers new data‐driven opportunities for improving contaminant fate and transport predictions. In this study, we interrogate the viability of two forecasting models—Prophet and damped Holt's exponential smoothing model—for predicting groundwater contaminant plume development. The impacts of spatial and temporal data density on the accuracy of the forecasts are evaluated. For wells with declining contaminant concentrations, the damped Holt's method achieves more accurate forecasts. However, only Prophet allows for the inclusion of exogenous regressors, enabling predictions of future declining trends in wells with still increasing contaminant concentrations. Application of these models does not only require robust training data, but also an understanding of model biases. Overall, powerful data‐driven models are already available for contaminant plume prediction, but groundwater sampling approaches will have to improve, for instance, through the collection of real‐time spatial and temporal high‐resolution data, to take full advantage of their capabilities.
A Modest Proposal: New directions in researching and understanding Ireland's Great Famine
Authors: Kinealy Christine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Great Irish Famine of 1845–1852 was a defining event in the development of modern Ireland. As a result of large‐scale and sustained emigration, it was also a transnational event, creating diasporas that regarded the Famine as their foundation story. Following decades of silence and limited scholarship, the 150th anniversary of the first appearance of potato blight in 1995 triggered a global interest that extended far beyond academia. This overview of the historiography and recent debates concerning the Great Famine suggests a vibrancy and an interest that shows no sign of abating. It has resulted in an ever‐growing body of scholarship that is constantly providing fresh and nuanced ways of understanding this tragedy, through the use of new methodological and theoretical approaches and partnerships with professionals outside the academy.
Prebiotic effect of galacto‐oligosaccharides on the skin microbiota and determination of their diffusion properties
Authors: Petrov Anja , Ćorović Marija , Milivojević Ana , Simović Milica , Banjanac Katarina , Pjanović Rada , Bezbradica Dejan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveRecently, prebiotics are attracting plenty of attention in the field of skin care, since it is found that they are able to support the balance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms on the skin, and accordingly prevent several skin conditions associated with microbial imbalance. Topical application of prebiotics, although insufficiently investigated, holds great promise in improving skin health. The purpose of this research was to determine the prebiotic potential of galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) for skin microbiota and suitability for incorporation in different topical formulations, and finally, provide insights into their diffusion properties.MethodsThe prebiotic effect of GOS was evaluated through the influence on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, the most common resident and pathogenic bacterium of the skin microbiota, respectively. Also, with the future use of GOS in cosmetic products in mind, the diffusion of GOS molecules from two different topical formulations, hydrogel and oil‐in‐water (O/W) gel emulsion, was monitored employing Franz diffusion cell and two systems—with cellulose acetate membrane and transdermal diffusion test model, Strat‐M® membrane. Course of fermentation and the amount of diffused GOS molecules were monitored using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsThe in vitro results revealed that GOS at a concentration of 5% (w/v) has a pronounced stimulatory effect on S. epidermidis, while simultaneously showing an inhibitory effect on S. aureus, both in nutrient broth and cosmetic formulations. GOS trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide diffusion coefficients from O/W gel emulsion were calculated to be 5.61·10−6 cm2 s−1 and 1.41·10−8 cm2 s−1, respectively. The diffusion coefficient of GOS trisaccharides from hydrogel was 3.22·10−6 cm2 s−1, while it was not determined for tetrasaccharides due to low diffused concentration. Transdermal diffusion tests revealed that GOS incorporated in two formulations stays at the surface of the skin even after 24 h.ConclusionWhen applied in adequate concentration, GOS has the potential to be used as a skin prebiotic. Novel GOS enriched formulations, Aristoflex® AVC‐based hydrogel and Heliogel™‐based O/W gel emulsion, provided efficient diffusion and delivery of prebiotic GOS molecules to the skin surface.
Social investment agenda setting: A personal note
Authors: Hemerijck Anton 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article reconstructs how, under the umbrella of the Europea Union (EU), discreet opportunities for EU social policy agenda setting opened for academic expertise from the late 1990s to the 2020s. This began with the Dutch presidency of the EU in the first half of 1997, endorsing the notion of ‘social policy as a productive factor’, followed by the 2000 Lisbon strategy for Growth and Social Cohesion in the open economy. The social investment landmark publication was Why We Need a New Welfare State, written by Gøsta Esping‐Andersen et al., for the Belgian presidency of 2001. Ultimately, cumulative academic insights and feedback from country‐specific reform experiences found their synthesis in the Social Investment Package in 2013. EU political codification of social investment took effect with the adoption of the European Pillar of Social Rights in December 2017. The paper concludes on the future for social investment with some personal reflections as an engaged scholar.
Seasonal influenza in children: Costs for the health system and society in Europe
Authors: Villani Leonardo , D'Ambrosio Floriana , Ricciardi Roberto , de Waure Chiara , Calabrò Giovanna Elisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric influenza causes significant morbidity annually, resulting in an increased economic burden. Therefore, we aimed to summarize existing literature regarding the costs of pediatric influenza in Europe, paying particular attention to the direct and indirect costs considered in the economic evaluations. Knowing health and social costs of childhood influenza is essential to support value‐based health decisions to implement effective immunization strategies.MethodsWe searched three databases for articles published to September 3, 2021. Eligible studies were those reporting the economic burden of influenza in the pediatric and youth population in European countries written in English language.ResultsOverall, 2225 records were screened, and 9 articles were included. Costs estimates are different across countries and in the age groups considered. Direct costs per episode, whose major expense driver are hospitalizations and pediatric examinations, range from about €74 in Italy to €252 in Germany. Important variations are observed based on age, with the youngest group absorbing in some cases double the resources of the older ones such as (in Italy, in France and in Germany). Regarding indirect costs, workdays lost by parents resulted in higher costs for children <2 years and 2–5 years than those >5 years of age and their economic impact was variable reaching €251 per week in Germany.ConclusionEvidence obtained in our review strengthened the awareness about the economic impact, in terms of direct and indirect costs, of pediatric influenza requiring, as a priority action in Europe, the implementation of influenza vaccination policies in this target population.
Genetic sequence data evidence that human faecal-associated HF183 sequences are on human skin and in urine
Authors: Li Dong , Van De Werfhorst Laurie C. , Holden Patricia A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
The DNA marker HF183 is a partial 16S rRNA gene sequence highly specific to human-associated Bacteroides including Bacteroides dorei. While HF183 is used to assess human faecal contamination in aquatic environments worldwide, little is known about the existence of HF183 and B. dorei in human microbiomes outside of the human gastrointestinal tract and faeces.

Methods and Results
Previously published human skin and urine microbiome data sets from five independent human body skin studies, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and three independent human urine studies were analysed. The HF183 gene sequence was detected in all skin data sets, with the ratios of positive samples ranging from 0.5% to 36.3%. Popliteal fossa (knee), volar forearm and inguinal (groin) creases were identified as hot spots. HF183 was detected in two of three urine data sets, with ratios of positive samples ranging from 0% to 37.5%. All HF183-containing sequences from these data sets were classified as associated with B. dorei.

Conclusions
HF183 is widespread on human skin and present in urine.

Significance and Impact of Study
Skin and urine microbiomes could be sources of HF183 to environmental waters. Such non-faecal sources of HF183 might explain low concentrations of HF183 in recreational waters when swimmers are present.
Characterization of cinnamon essential oil and its application in Malva sylvestris seed mucilage edible coating to the enhancement of the microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of lamb meat during storage
Authors: Sabahi Sahar , Abbasi Amin , Mortazavi Seyed Ali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Firstly, Cinnamomum zeylani essential oil (CZEO) was isolated and characterized. Secondly, CZEO was used in Malva sylvestris mucilage (MSM) coating and its antioxidant and antimicrobial effects on lamb meat slices were evaluated in 10 days at 4°C.

Methods and Results
The main chemical compounds and functional groups of the CZEO were identified and quantified by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and by an Fourier transform infrared spectrometer respectively. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of CZEO were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent-based and aluminium chloride methods respectively. Various microbiological, physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluations were also utilized regarding the coated lamb meat slices. CZEO contains benzyl benzoate (40.93%), caryophyllene oxide (26.07%) and (E)-cinnamaldehyde (13.01%), with strong radical scavenging activity and antibacterial effect against investigated pathogenic microorganisms. The CZEO-loaded MSM edible coating greatly postponed the growth of microorganisms and extended the product life (&gt;10 days). The pH value, moisture content and hardness of the samples were also preserved more efficiently when high concentrations of the essential oil were incorporated into the edible coating (p &lt; 0.05). The CZEO-rich MSM coating was also able to possess considerable activity against lipid oxidation in lamb meat samples, and significantly decreased the production of primary and secondary oxidation products (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, sensory parameters of the samples were preserved more efficiently during cold storage when the CZEO-enriched edible coating, particularly MSM + 2% CZEO was used.

Conclusions
The use of edible coating based on MSM and CZEO is therefore effective in reducing microbial growth and chemical reactions in lamb meat during the storage period.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The importance of the results of this study is in order to increase the use of natural preservatives, maintain food safety and of course the health of the people in the community.
Bacterial and fungal microbiota of total mixed ration silage stored at various temperatures
Authors: Wali Ajmal , Hou Jianjian , Tsuruta Takeshi , Nishino Naoki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To obtain insights into how bacterial and fungal microbiota and fermentation products composition are affected by storage temperature for TMR silage, which can be manufactured year-round.

Methods and results
TMR silage was stored at 10°C, 25°C, ambient temperature (AT; 20–35°C) and 40°C. Lactic acid production was delayed when stored at 10°C, and acid production stagnated after 2 weeks when stored at 40°C. The patterns of acetic acid and ethanol production were inversely related, with ethanol production promoted at 10°C and 25°C and acetic acid production promoted at AT and 40°C. The bacterial diversity was reduced in TMR silage with high lactic acid and acetic acid content, and the fungal diversity was reduced in TMR silage with high ethanol content.

Conclusions
The intensity of lactic acid production was accounted for by the high abundance of Lactobacillus, and its stagnated production at a substantially high storage temperature was related to an increased abundance of Bacillus. The enhanced production of acetic acid or ethanol can be explained by differences in the fungal microbiota.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The integrated analysis of bacterial and fungal microbiota can provide in-depth insights into the impact of storage temperature on TMR silage fermentation.
Changes in gut microbiota, metabolite SCFAs, and GPR43 expression in obese diabetic mice after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Guo Yan , Liu Chaoqian , Zhao Xiang , Zhang Xianfang , Wu Qingzhi , Wang Zhijie , Lu Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and G protein-coupled receptor 43 expression and distribution in gut microbiota and explore their relationships in obese diabetic mice after sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods and Results
Diet-induced obese mice and obese diabetic ob/ob mice were established. Changes in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, metabolite short-chain fatty acids, and G protein-coupled receptor 43 expressions were assessed in both models 10 weeks postoperatively. Mice that underwent sleeve gastrectomy exhibited sustained weight loss and reduced glucose, insulin, leptin, and cholesterol levels. Metagenomic sequencing revealed significant characteristic alterations in gut microbiota after sleeve gastrectomy, which were correlated with changes in faecal short-chain fatty acid levels. Postoperatively, G protein-coupled receptor 43 expression in the colon tissue was upregulated in both models, whereas its expression in the adipose tissue was downregulated in the diet-induced obese mouse model.

Conclusions
Metabolic improvement in obese and diabetic mice after sleeve gastrectomy is associated with alterations in gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid levels, and G protein-coupled receptor 43 expressions.

Significance and Impact of Study
Our findings reveal a possible mechanism through which sleeve gastrectomy improves obesity and diabetes via changes in bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids and G protein-coupled receptor 43.
MiR‐130a‐3p regulates neural stem cell differentiation in vitro by targeting Acsl4
Authors: Li Wen , Shan Bo‐Quan , Zhao He‐Yan , He Hui , Tian Mei‐Ling , Cheng Xiang , Qin Jian‐Bing , Jin Guo‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) are the precursor cells of neurons that contribute to nervous system development, regeneration, and repair. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate cell fate determination and differentiation by negatively regulating gene expression. Here, we identified a post‐transcriptional mechanism, centred around miR‐130a‐3p that regulated NSC differentiation. Importantly, overexpressing miR‐130a‐3p promoted NSC differentiation into neurons, whereas inhibiting miR‐130a‐3p function reduced the number of neurons. Then, the quantitative PCR, Western blot and dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that miR‐130a‐3p negatively regulated acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (Acsl4) expression. Additionally, inhibition of Acsl4 promoted NSC differentiation into neurons, whereas silencing miR‐130a‐3p partially suppressed the neuronal differentiation induced by inhibiting Acsl4. Furthermore, overexpressing miR‐130a‐3p or inhibiting Acsl4 increased the levels of p‐AKT, p‐GSK‐3β and PI3K. In conclusion, our results suggested that miR‐130a‐3p targeted Acsl4 to promote neuronal differentiation of NSCs via regulating the Akt/PI3K pathway. These findings may help to develop strategies for stem cell‐mediated treatment for central nervous system diseases.
Sodium butyrate inhibits aerobic glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the c‐myc/hexokinase 2 pathway
Authors: Yu Qiang , Dai Weiqi , Ji Jie , Wu Liwei , Feng Jiao , Li Jingjing , Zheng Yuanyuan , Li Yan , Cheng Ziqi , Zhang Jie , Wu Jianye , Xu Xuanfu , Guo Chuanyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAerobic glycolysis is a well‐known hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, targeting the key enzymes of this pathway is considered a novel approach to HCC treatment. The effects of sodium butyrate (NaBu), a sodium salt of the short‐chain fatty acid butyrate, on aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells and the underlying mechanism are unknown. In the present study, data obtained from cell lines with mouse xenograft model revealed that NaBu inhibited aerobic glycolysis in the HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. NaBu induced apoptosis while inhibiting the proliferation of the HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the compound inhibited the release of lactate and glucose consumption in the HCC cells in vitro and inhibited the production of lactate in vivo. The modulatory effects of NaBu on glycolysis, proliferation and apoptosis were related to its modulation of hexokinase 2 (HK2). NaBu downregulated HK2 expression via c‐myc signalling. The upregulation of glycolysis in the HCC cells induced by sorafenib was impeded by NaBu, thereby enhancing the anti‐HCC effect of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Thus, NaBu inhibits the expression of HK2 to downregulate aerobic glycolysis and the proliferation of HCC cells and induces their apoptosis via the c‐myc pathway.