bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of garlic powder and Lactobacillus casei to improve nutrient digestibility, physiological conditions, and performance of broiler during starter phase
Authors: Mangisah I. , Yunianto V. D. , Sumarsih S. , Sugiharto S. 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to assess the effect of a mixture of garlic powder and Lactobacillus casei (GLC) on intestinal development, hematological parameters, nutrient digestibility, and performance of broilers in the starter phase. One hundred forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups, namely control (not given GLC supplement) and given GLC supplement either 1%, 2%, and 3% of total feed. Chickens were reared for 21 days in an open cage. On the 21st day of the experiment, blood collection, lymphoid organ and digestive organ weight, and performance data were recorded. Accumulative feed intake until day 21 did not differ (P>0.05) among treatment groups. In this study, there were improvements in the height of villi in the jejunum, and the acidity in the duodenum and caecum, due to the increase of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA: acetate and propionate). Protein and crude fiber digestibility in the GLC-given chickens was significantly higher than in the control group ((P≤0.05). GLC supplementation (1%, 2%, and 3% of total feed) significantly increased body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the use of GLC during the starter phase can improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and performance of broiler chickens.
The viú Púmpaiianú and the Kaílú of Jupiter Meilichios
Authors: Poehler Eric , van der Graaff Ivo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 1851 excavators working at the Porta Stabia in Pompeii recovered the so-called Road Maker’s Tablet, an inscription mentioning how two aediles had supervised road work in the Oscan city. The find proved remarkable because it provided the Oscan names of three streets, the viú Púmpaiianú, the via Jovis, and the Dekkviarim, and mentioned a sanctuary to Jupiter Meilichios as an associated landmark. Successive generations of scholars have since proposed varying interpretations as to which of the Pompeian streets featured these appellatives and have attempted to locate the sanctuary either inside the city, at the site of the (now identified) Temple of Asclepius, or immediately south of Pompeii at the Fondo Iozzino. Using a combination of epigraphic and art historical approaches, as well as an analysis of the latest archaeological evidence, this paper proposes a new interpretation, locating the sanctuary north of the city outside of the Porta Vesuvio.
A separation lemma on sub-lattices
Authors: Wang Wei-Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We prove that Bourgain’s separation lemma
[J. Bourgain,
Green’s Function Estimates for Lattice Schrödinger Operators and Applications,
Ann. of Math. Stud. 158,
Princeton University, Princeton, 2005]
holds at fixed frequencies and their neighborhoods, on sub-lattices, sub-modules
of the dual lattice associated with a quasi-periodic Fourier series in two dimensions.
And, by extension, it holds on the affine spaces.
Previously Bourgain’s lemma was not deterministic, and it is valid only for a set of frequencies of positive measure.
The new separation lemma generalizes classical lattice partition-type results to the hyperbolic Lorentzian setting,
with signature

(
1
,

-
1

,

-
1

)

{(1,-1,-1)}

, and could be of independent interest.
Combined with the method in
[W.-M. Wang,
Quasi-periodic solutions to a nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation with a decaying nonlinear term,
preprint 2021, https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.00309],
this should lead to the existence of quasi-periodic solutions
to the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation with the usual polynomial nonlinear term

u

p
+
1

{u^{p+1}}

.
Application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a toughening agent in wood furfurylation
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Yang Tiantian , Zhang Shaodi , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to explore the application of furfurylated wood as engineering material, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was proposed as a toughening agent to incorporate with furfuryl alcohol (FA) to form FA/PVA precursor and impregnate wood in a one-step method. After in situ polymerization upon heating, a hydrophobic network composed of polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) and PVA was formed within the wood scaffold. The impact toughness, as well as some water-related properties of modified wood including the contact angle, water absorption, moisture adsorption, and dimensional stability were investigated in this study. The results showed that the impact toughness of wood significantly decreased after furfurylation. The incorporation of PVA could alleviate the reduction, and this effect was more obvious for highly furfurylated wood. PVA could penetrate and bulk the wood cell wall to a certain degree, but increased concentration of PVA may negatively influence the penetration of FA in wood cell wall. PVA showed only slight influence on water-related properties of FA modified wood, and it depended on both concentrations of PVA and FA. All results indicate that incorporation of PVA in FA system is a promising approach to enhance the toughness of FA modified wood.
Evaluation of the Viscoelastic Temperature and Pressure Shift Factor Over the Full Range of Shear Rates**
Authors: Kühnle H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A method of determining uniquely the best fitting temperature shift parameters of viscosimetric data over the full range of shear rates, based on the Carreau formula, has been presented in Part I. The method is in accordance with the temperature-time superposition principle of viscoelasticity and works fully numerically, thus providing an objective approximation criterion with optimal compensation of scatter and dispensing with any visual control at all, and includes, if necessary, the Rabinowitsch and Bagley corrections. Evaluations of this kind have been carried out for a multitude of old and new measurements of current types of thermoplastics (PE, PP, PS, PA, PC, PMMA, etc.), for which capillaries as well as rotational systems had been employed. In this way, a comprehensive viscosity data bank is built up containing a 5 or 6-parameter set for each material as a compact information about its flow behaviour and serving as a valuable means for numerical process analyses. At the same time, the usual shift formulas (Arrhenius, WLF, etc.) are compared in respect of their applicability and the typical parameter ranges are marked out. Some attention is given to the physical meaning of the material parameters. Part II deals with the validity of the temperature shift principle in general, the incorporation of correction procedures and the evaluation of the pressure dependence of the viscosity.
Fiber Spinning with Molecular Models
Authors: Chen Z. , Papanastosiou A. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The isothermal fiber spinning of ciscoelastic liquid is analyzed successfully by means of the Curtiss-Bird integral constitutive equation derived from molecular theory, Glaerkin/finite element method, and Newton iteration. The analysis accounts for shear and elongational prehistories, and specified draw ratio or drawing force. Solutions are obtained at high values of elasticity, draw ratio and drawing force. The predictions agree with the analytic solution for Newtonian liquid in the limit of zero relaxation time and with experimental data from the literature on spinning of polystyrene and polypropylene melts.
Real-time Diagnosis of Micro Powder Injection Molding Using Integrated Ultrasonic Sensors
Authors: Cheng C.-C. , Ono Y. , Whiteside B. D. , Brown E. C. , Jen C.-K. , Coates P. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Real-time diagnostics of ceramic powder injection molding using a commercial micromolding machine was performed using ultrasound. Miniature ultrasonic sensors were integrated onto the mold insert. Melt front, solidification, temperature variation and part detachment of the feedstock inside the mold cavity were observed. It has been demonstrated that ultrasonic velocity in feedstock inside the mold cavity, the ultrasonic contact duration during which the part and mold are in contact, and holding pressure can be used to assist with optimization of injection and cooling parameters to minimize energy consumption and maximize process efficiency.
The battle about the box: competition as the main factor behind the choice for resting sites of hazel dormice
Authors: Lang Johannes , Bräsel Nicolle , Beer Sarah M. , Lanz Johann D. , Leonhardt Ines , Büchner Sven 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nest boxes and nest tubes are widely used to survey and monitor hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius). A two-year study was conducted in order to compare the performance of the two devices. In one year hazel dormice clearly preferred nest tubes over nest boxes but preferred nest boxes over nest tubes in the other year. The preference for one or other device was mainly influenced by competition for nest boxes with Apodemus mice, which preferred nest boxes over nest tubes during one year when they were abundant. This has to be considered when comparing performance of methods.
Dual effect of maleic anhydride and gamma radiation on properties of EPDM/microcrystalline newsprint fiber composites
Authors: Ali Magdy A. M. , El-Nemr Khaled F. , El-Sabbagh Salwa H. , Bekhit Mohamad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation, concentration of microcrystalline newsprint fibers (MNF) and maleic anhydride as coupling agent for treating microcrystalline newsprint fibers (MA–MNF) on the mechanical and thermal properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber matrix (EPDM). Maleic anhydride (MA) was used at a different ratios (5, 10, and 15 wt% according to the MNF). The EPDM/MA–MNF composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results confirm the adhesion between MA–MNF and EPDM rubber matrix in presence of radiation. EPDM/MA–MNF composites have achieved higher mechanical properties than EPDM rubber matrix and EPDM/MNF composites. EPDM composites containing MNF that treated with 15% MA and gamma irradiated at 80 kGy have the highest tensile strength, tensile modulus at 100% strain, crosslink density and thermal stability over all other composites.
Effect of Duxseal on Horizontal Stress and Soil Stiffness in Small-Amplitude Dynamic Centrifuge Models
Authors: Cui Ge , Heron Charles , Marshall Alec 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The constitutive behavior of soil is stress dependent. Therefore, geotechnical centrifuges are widely used to replicate full-scale stress fields, thereby ensuring the correct soil response within reduced-scale centrifuge models. A vibration-absorbing material (such as Duxseal) is commonly employed to reduce the effect of reflected waves generated at the boundaries of rigid containers in dynamic centrifuge tests. However, such a material has the potential to deform laterally under the high horizontal stresses applied within centrifuge tests and consequently the initial at-rest lateral earth pressure condition will not be maintained. A procedure to back-calculate the lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) is presented in this paper. In addition, two experimental methods that are implemented to evaluate K by measuring the shear wave velocity from centrifuge-based air hammer testing and triaxial-based bender element testing are described. Results demonstrate that significant lateral earth pressure and soil stiffness reductions are observed within the upper soil region (top third of the model depth). In addition, the appropriate manipulation of the cross-correlation method used to process shear wave signals is discussed and an empirical equation to predict the small-strain shear modulus of the dry silica sand (HST95 Congleton sand) used in this study is provided. Outcomes of this study are directly applicable to small-amplitude dynamic centrifuge tests such as ground-borne vibrations; some factors relating to large-amplitude seismic studies, such as soil inertial effects and higher shear strains, are not considered.
Borderline Personality Disorder: Clinical Guidelines for Treatment
Authors: Stone Michael H. 
Published: March 2022

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is fundamentally a syndrome composed of symptoms (primarily of emotional dysregulation) and a number of true personality traits (such as inordinate anger, impulsivity, and a tendency to stress-related paranoid ideation). Whereas schizotypal personality disorder, with its cognitive peculiarities (ideas of reference, odd beliefs, eccentric speech), is closely linked as a genetic condition—”borderline” to the major condition schizophrenia—BPD is less closely linked to bipolar disorder. Some cases of BPD are linked genetically to and are in the “border” of bipolar disorder. But the condition can also arise from adverse post-natal factors: parental cruelty or neglect, or incest. In some BPD patients, both are present: risk genes for bipolar disorder and adverse conditions within the family. The genetic risk is often overlooked. To avoid this, initial evaluations should always include a careful and extensive family history for mood disorders, and should extend out to grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Where the history suggests a genetic link to bipolar disorder, a mood stabilizer such as lithium or lamotrigine, even in modest doses, may be particularly beneficial, more so than conventional antidepressants. In some patients, ADHD was present in childhood, BPD was diagnosed during or after puberty, and a form of bipolar disorder becomes apparent during their 20s. As for the psychotherapeutic component, the patient's cognitive style and capacity for introspection will help determine whether a primarily expressive (psychoanalytically oriented) technique is preferable or a primarily cognitive-behavioral technique. Flexibility is necessary, since during emotional crises, supportive and limit-setting interventions will be needed, along with psychotropic medications, and where necessary, programs to help combat substance abuse (which is common among patients with BPD).
Impact of Cell-Free Next-Generation Sequencing on Management of Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia
Authors: Dworsky Zephyr D. , Lee Begem , Ramchandar Nanda , Rungvivatjarus Tiranun , Coufal Nicole G. , Bradley John S. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common in pediatrics. More severe complicated CAP (cCAP) requires broad-spectrum empirical therapy. Cell-free plasma next-generation sequencing (cfNGS), a DNA-based diagnostic tool, could be used to guide therapy. We retrospectively compared the pathogen identification rate of cfNGS to that of standard culture methods and assessed the impact of cfNGS on antibiotic therapy in children hospitalized for cCAP.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective review of children aged 3 months to 18 years hospitalized for cCAP with cfNGS results from January 24, 2018, to December 31, 2020. We compared the positivity rate of conventional microbiologic diagnostic testing with that of cfNGS and the impact on clinical management, including changes in antibiotic therapy.

RESULTS
We identified 46 hospitalized children with cCAP with cfNGS results. Of these children, 34 also had blood cultures (1 positive for pathogen; 3%) and 37 had pleural fluid cultures (10 positive for pathogen; 27%). Of the 46 children, positive cfNGS testing results were positive for pathogen in 45 (98%), with the causative pathogen identified in 41 (89%). cfNGS was the only method for pathogen identification in 32 children (70%). cfNGS results changed management in 36 (78%) of 46 children, with the antibiotic spectrum narrowed in 29 (81%).

CONCLUSIONS
cfNGS provided a higher diagnostic yield in our pediatric cCAP cohort compared with conventional diagnostic testing and affected management in 78% of children. Prospective studies are needed to better characterize the clinical outcome, cost-effectiveness, and antimicrobial stewardship benefits of cfNGS in pediatric cCAP.
Child Opportunity Index and Changes in Pediatric Acute Care Utilization in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fritz Cristin Q. , Fleegler Eric W. , DeSouza Heidi , Richardson Troy , Kaiser Sunitha V. , Sills Marion R. , Cooper Jennifer N. , Parikh Kavita , Puls Henry T. , DeLaroche Amy M. , Hogan Alex H. , Pantell Matthew S. , Kornblith Aaron E. , Heller Kayla R. , Bigham Michael T. , Goyal Monika 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Pediatric acute care utilization decreased dramatically during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the association between the Child Opportunity Index (COI), a multidimensional neighborhood measure of childhood opportunity, and changes in acute care utilization at US pediatric hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous 3 years.

METHODS
This observational study used administrative data across 41 US-based pediatric hospitals. Children aged 0 to 17 years with emergency department (ED) encounters during the study period were included. The COVID-19 pandemic time period (March 15, 2020–March 14, 2021) was the primary exposure. The primary outcome was the relative volume drop in ED encounters and observation/inpatient admissions through the ED by COI quintile.

RESULTS
Of 12 138 750 encounters, 3 705 320 (30.5%) were among the very low COI quintile. Overall, there was a 46.8% relative volume reduction in the pandemic period compared with the prepandmic period. This drop in volume occurred disproportionately among the very low COI quintile (51.1%) compared with the very high COI quintile (42.8%). The majority of clinical diagnosis groups demonstrated larger relative volume drops among the very low COI quintile.

CONCLUSIONS
Acute care utilization decreased the most among children from very low COI neighborhoods, narrowing previously described acute care utilization disparities. Additional study of patient perspectives on health care needs and access during this period is required to understand these changes.
Currículo, cultura e conhecimento: concepções e inferências
Authors: Aguiar Alcântara Neves Rejane , Roque Fernandes Natal Lânia , Ribeiro Feitosa Lima Patricia 
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as relações entre currículo, cultura e conhecimento, a fim de compreender os lugares que ocupam no campo dos estudos curriculares e nas discussões de teóricos que se debruçam sobre as implicações dessa relação para o fazer pedagógico. As teorias elaboradas sobre currículo têm discutido o currículo, a cultura e o conhecimento de acordo com o contexto histórico e de diferentes perspectivas. Os estudos culturais possibilitaram às teorizações curriculares uma concepção de conhecimento e de currículo como campos culturais sensíveis às relações de poder. Consideramos que não há possibilidades do currículo escolar existir sem influências dos processos culturais presentes nos contextos em que ele é vivenciado. Na prática, a relação conhecimento e cultura perpassa por todas as linearidades que o currículo possa apresentar, como por exemplo: base comum, parte diversificada e a prática cotidiana em sala de aula.
Protein Kinase A Downregulation Delays the Development and Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Jiang Li , Thao Ka , Sussman Caroline R. , LaBranche Timothy , Palmer Michael , Harris Peter C. , McKnight G. Stanley , Hoeflich Klaus P. , Schalm Stefanie , Torres Vicente E. 
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement
The only treatment approved for PKD inhibits production of cAMP, the main PKA activator. It is only partially effective, likely because side effects restrict dosing and because other sources of cAMP and mechanisms of cAMP-independent PKA activation exist. Which PKA isozyme(s) promotes PKD is uncertain and selective PKA inhibitors usable in vivo have not been available. Experiments in a mouse model show PKA-I is the main PKA isozyme promoting cystogenesis and that constitutive PKA-I downregulation and a novel, highly selective PKA inhibitor ameliorate PKD. The dose of PKA inhibitor used had no detectable adverse effects. This information provides a strong rationale for a strategy that may be more effective, or substantially increase the efficacy of the currently approved treatment.

Background
Upregulation of cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent PKA signaling is thought to promote cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKA-I regulatory subunit RIα is increased in kidneys of orthologous mouse models. Kidney-specific knockout of RIα upregulates PKA activity, induces cystic disease in wild-type mice, and aggravates it in Pkd1
RC/RC mice.

Methods
PKA-I activation or inhibition was compared with EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition using Pkd1
RC/RC metanephric organ cultures. The effect of constitutive PKA (preferentially PKA-I) downregulation in vivo was ascertained by kidney-specific expression of a dominant negative RIαB allele in Pkd1
RC/RC mice obtained by crossing Prkar1α
R1αB/WT, Pkd1RC/RC
, and Pkhd1-Cre mice (C57BL/6 background). The effect of pharmacologic PKA inhibition using a novel, selective PRKACA inhibitor (BLU2864) was tested in mIMCD3 3D cultures, metanephric organ cultures, and Pkd1RC/RC
mice on a C57BL/6 × 129S6/Sv F1 background. Mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age.

Results
PKA-I activation promoted and inhibition prevented ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition had no or only minor effects. BLU2864 inhibited in vitro mIMCD3 cystogenesis and ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. Genetic downregulation of PKA activity and BLU2864 directly and/or indirectly inhibited many pro-proliferative pathways and were both protective in vivo. BLU2864 had no detectable on- or off-target adverse effects.

Conclusions
PKA-I is the main PKA isozyme promoting cystogenesis. Direct PKA inhibition may be an effective strategy to treat PKD and other conditions where PKA signaling is upregulated. By acting directly on PKA, the inhibition may be more effective than or substantially increase the efficacy of treatments that only affect PKA activity by lowering cAMP.
Affordances and Common Grounds in Buyer-Seller Interactions
Authors: Ikegwuonu Christiana Ngozi , Ndibe Princess Ngozi 
Published: March 2022

This study examines the interactions between buyers and sellers in the market setting using the common ground theoretical framework. From the existing literature, it is observed that no research work has examined the above subject matter in the Igbo language using the above mentioned theoretical framework. This is the lacuna in the literature that this study intends to address. The specific objective is to explore the interactions between presuppositions, stages of understanding an utterance and reception strategies in buyer-seller interactions during haggling. Ten interactions were recorded and three of them were sampled in this study. The data were analyzed using the common ground theory. The findings of the study reveal that both the seller and buyer often have the generic structure of buyer-seller interactions in their subconscious, which they put into practice when they engage in market discourse. Also, the buyers and sellers update their personal or emergent common ground as they negotiate meaning during interactions. Furthermore, as the result of the common ground shared by the buyer and the seller, they interpret every utterance based on the affordances of a speech event in a market setting where a buyer is under no obligation to buy after haggling nor is the seller obligated to sell. It also discovers that presupposition is at the heart of grounding because at every interactive turn, a speaker believes that the addressee understands his/ her intentions. The researcher recommends further research on the pragmatic implications for the use of multiple codes during buyer-seller interactions in Igbo land.