bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular interactome and starch–protein matrix, functional properties, phytochemical constituents, and antioxidant activity of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) flour as influenced during gaseous ozonation
Authors: Sharma Rajan , Bhandari Manisha , Kaur Kulwinder , Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Savita , Kaur Preetinder 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOzonation declared as generally recognized as safe is a promising processing technology for disinfestation of food and its shelf life extension. The present investigation aimed at assessing the impact of gaseous ozone treatment (0.06 L/min) for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min on functional properties, antinutrients, bioactive constituents, and structural–macromolecular interactions of foxtail millet flour.FindingsOzonation cause significant (p < .05) linear reduction in tannin content (112.43–64.83 mg/100 g) and total flavonoid content (331.46–273.59 mg/100 g) while total phenolic content and phytic acid were found to increase during aforesaid treatment. Further, major changes were associated with the technological functionality of flour; there was significant (p < .05) increase in the water absorption and solubility, oil absorption, swelling power, and paste clarity. However, emulsification properties were found to decline during ozonation while gel strength improved.ConclusionsIt may be inferred from the study that ozonation can be considered a green technology for processing various grains modulating functional properties with a little compromise in total flavonoid contents and phytic content.Significance and NoveltyThis study provides the effect of ozonation on foxtail millet of various parameters, such as bio‐techno‐functional, structural, and molecular parameters, which have never been studied before.
A systematic overview of live virtual machine migration methods
Authors: Hassannezhad Najjari Ahmadreza , Pourhaji Kazem Ali Asghar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVirtualization is regarded as one of the key technologies used in cloud computing by means of which virtual resources and dynamic resources are provided for users. Power management, load balancing, online system maintenance are remarkable benefits of virtualization. Such advantages are attributed to the feature of Virtual machine (VM) migration. Many research studies have been recently conducted on live migration and many researchers are seeking to reduce migration time. Prolonged migration time results in some problems especially in WANs which are geographically far from data centers. Hence, the speed of VM transfer from the source to the destination is reduced. There are many cases which can affect the migration of the VM. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, there is no comprehensive overview of studies conducted on live VM migration. This paper is aimed at providing a systematic overview and at investigating the literature on live migration. It includes 50 selected research reports which were published between 2011 and 2020. These papers are categorized by year of publication, publisher, number of citations, authors, immigration methods, techniques used, and effective parameters, and different results have been obtained from them, which we have been discussed in the paper.
Emergence of personality in weaning‐age kittens of the domestic cat?
Authors: Urrutia Andrea , Bánszegi Oxána , Szenczi Péter , Hudson Robyn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndividual differences in behavior (animal personality) have recently received much attention although less so in young mammals. We tested 74 preweaning‐age kittens from 16 litters of domestic cats in five everyday contexts repeated three times each across a 3‐week period: a handling test where an experimenter held the kitten, a test where a piece of raw beef was given to the kitten and gradually withdrawn, a test where the kitten was presented with a live mouse in a jar, a test where the kitten was briefly confined in a pet carrier, and an encounter with an unfamiliar human who first remained passive and then attempted to stroke the kitten. We found consistent individual differences in behavior in all tests except with the mouse, although less marked than in equivalent tests with adult cats. Differences in behavior were unrelated to sex, body mass, litter size, or maternal identity. We found only weak correlations in results among the tests (behavioral syndromes), again unlike findings in adult cats. We conclude that weanling kittens show consistent individual differences in behavior but in a different manner to adults. If and how the pattern of such differences changes across development remains to be studied.
A tale of two rivers: Dam‐induced hydrologic drought on the lower Dolores River and its impact on tamarisk establishment
Authors: Dott Cynthia , Bombaci Sara , Kasprak Alan , Korb Julie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of river regulation on the flow patterns of rivers in western North America often mimic the impacts of naturally occurring episodic drought. On the Dolores River in southwestern Colorado, two distinct periods of flow modification have occurred, with very different drought‐like consequences for downstream habitat. The first period of major irrigation diversions (1889–1984) led to extreme low flows during the summer months with little change to spring peak flows. The second period after dam construction (1984 to present) caused a decline in peak flows but an increase in summer minimum flows. We studied the role of these different flow regimes in promoting the recruitment of non‐native tamarisk, since understanding historic patterns of recruitment may inform current and future flow management. We used dendrochronology to determine tamarisk establishment dates and tested the connection between establishment years and a suite of hydroclimatic variables. Tamarisk recruitment occurred between 1952 and 2002, with 92% of trees establishing during the first flow diversion period. The strongest hydroclimate predictor was low minimum flow for a given year, especially when coupled with higher peak flows in the year of, or before, establishment. Almost no tamarisk recruitment has occurred in the second, dam‐controlled period, where lowered peak flows and elevated minimum flows prevail. In spite of the drought tolerance of tamarisk, drought‐like conditions below this dam did not promote its invasion. Instead, the combination of lowered peaks but increased summer baseflows post‐dam has driven channel narrowing and vegetation encroachment by native willows. What current and future meteorologic drought conditions, coupled with dam‐controlled flows, will bring to the channel and adjacent riparian vegetation is uncertain, but this work may help to forecast the impacts of future river flows on riparian vegetation community evolution.
Controlling invasive fish in fluctuating environments: Model analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a shallow lake
Authors: Pearson James B. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Dunham Jason B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change can act to facilitate or inhibit invasions of non‐native species. Here, we address the influence of climate change on control of non‐native common carp (hereafter, carp), a species recognized as one of the “world's worst” invaders across the globe. Control of this species is exceedingly difficult, as it exhibits rapid population growth and compensatory density dependence. In many locations where carp have invaded, however, climate change is altering hydrologic regimes and may influence population demography and efficacy of human control efforts. To further evaluate these processes, we employed a modified version of an age‐based population model (CarpMOD), to investigate how hydrologic variability (change in lake area) influences carp population dynamics and control efforts in Malheur Lake, southeastern Oregon, USA. We explored how changes in lake area influence carp populations under three control scenarios: (1) no carp removal, (2) carp removal during low water years, and (3) carp removal during all years. Lake area fluctuations strongly influenced carp populations and the efficacy of carp control. Modeled carp biomass peaked when the lake transitioned from high‐to‐low levels, and carp biomass declined when lake area transitioned from low‐to‐high. Removing carp during low water periods—when fish were concentrated into a smaller area—reduced carp populations almost as much as removing carp every year. Furthermore, the effectiveness of control efforts increased with the prevalence and severity of low lake conditions (longer durations of very low lake area). These simulations suggest that a drier climate may naturally decrease carp populations and make them easier to control. However, drier conditions may also negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and potentially have a greater impact than non‐native species themselves.
Nature and nurture. Genetic and environmental factors on the relationship between back pain and sleep quality
Authors: Madrid‐Valero Juan J. , Andreucci Alessandro , Carrillo Eduvigis , Ferreira Paulo H. , Martínez‐Selva Jose M. , Ordoñana Juan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NP), and sleep quality (SQ) are genetically influenced. All three conditions frequently co‐occur and shared genetic aetiology on a pairwise base has been reported. However, to our knowledge, no study has yet investigated if these three conditions are influenced by the same genetic and environmental factors and the extent and pattern of genetic overlap between them, hence the current research.MethodsThe sample included 2134 participants. Lifetime prevalence of NP and LBP were assessed through a dichotomous self‐reported question derived from the Spanish National Health Survey. SQ was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire. A common pathway model with sleep quality and back pain as latent factors was fitted.ResultsOur results highlight that a latent back pain factor, including both NP and LBP, is explained by both genetic (41%) and environmental (59%) factors. There are also significant unique environmental factors for NP (33%) and LBP (37%) respectively. Yet, specific genetic factors were scant (9%) for NP and negligible for LBP (0%). Genetic and environmental factors affecting SQ only contribute with 3% and 5% of the variance, respectively, to the common latent back pain variable.ConclusionsNP and LBP share most of their genetic variance, while environmental effects show greater specificity for each of the back pain locations. Associations with SQ were of a limited magnitude.SignificanceOur results confirm a significant association between both chronic NP and LBP and sleep quality. Such relationship comprises both genetic and environmental factors, with a greater relative weight of the latter. A large part of the individual variance for chronic LBP and chronic NP can be accounted for by a latent common factor of ‘back pain’. Genetic influences for LBP and NP were mainly shared. However, environmental influences were common for both problems and specific for each of them in similar magnitudes.
Stretchable fiber‐shaped aqueous aluminum ion batteries
Authors: Xiong Ting , He Bing , Zhou Tianzhu , Wang Zhe , Wang Zhixun , Xin Jiwu , Zhang Haozhe , Zhou Xuhui , Liu Yanting , Wei Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe emerging wearable electronics have significantly motivated the development of fiber‐shaped batteries with excellent electrochemical performance, safety, and flexibility. Aluminum (Al) ion batteries are potential candidates due to their high natural abundance, three‐electron‐redox behavior, and low cost. However, the integration of Al ion battery into wearable electronics remains unexplored. Herein, a stretchable fiber‐shaped aqueous Al ion battery is reported, which involves manganese hexacyanoferrate cathode, graphene oxide decorated MoO3 anode, and hydrogel electrolyte. The resulting fiber‐shaped battery exhibits good stretching properties and cycling stability (91.6% over 100 cycles at 1 A cm−3). Moreover, by employing a rocking‐chair energy storage mechanism, the fiber‐shaped battery offers a high specific capacity of 42 mAh cm−3 at 0.5 A cm−3, corresponding to a high specific energy of 30.6 mWh cm−3. As a demonstration, the fiber‐based Al ion batteries are integrated into wearable textiles to power LED light, demonstrating the feasibility in stretchable and wearable electronics.image
The influence of democracy, governance and government policies on the COVID‐19 pandemic mortality
Authors: Wagschal Uwe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper analyses the determinants of mortality during the Corona pandemic. In a first step, possible causes are subjected to a global comparison.The focus is on political, institutional, economic, demographic and health policy factors. It is shown that, contrary to the assumption, democratic countries have a higher Covid‐19 mortality. In a second step, the developed democracies are then analysed to explain this puzzle. Here, more detailed information is used than in the global comparison. It turns out that, measured by the Oxford Stringency Index, government action has been largely unsuccessful. Also, the party‐political composition of the government does not play a role.The most important factors are a country's governance structures, the level of corona incidence, a country's burden of high‐risk patients and its health system. In addition, cultural factors and the vaccination rate seem to have an influence on mortality.
Investigation on the unsteady pressure pulsations and related vortical structures in a molten salt pump
Authors: Gu Jiarong , Gao Bo , Ni Dan , Li Chao , Zhong Yiming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe high‐temperature molten salt pump (MSP) is the core equipment of the thermal storage system for concentrating solar power plants, which circulates the molten salt of the thermal storage medium. This study employs numerical simulation of a two‐stage MSP with a storage tank to find the correlation between pressure pulsations and the evolutions of vortical structures based on renormalization group k‐ε turbulence model. It is shown that rotor/stator interaction is the most significant excitation source of pressure pulsations with the prominent excitations being the diffuser passing frequency (fDPF) in the impeller and the blade passing frequency (fBPF). Furthermore, Q‐criterion is employed to capture the periodic shedding vortexes with a frequency of about 3fR at the suction surface and the trailing edge in diffusers. Impinging vortex and shedding vortex with the frequency 6fR on the leading edge of the diffuser is captured. The vortex shedding characteristics are significantly different under various conditions, and the separation vortexes appear at the leading edge of pressure surface in the diffusers at higher flow rates. Finally, it is obvious that the excited components and their magnitudes in the pressure spectrum are closely associated with the unsteady vortical structures within the model pump.
FogBus3: A scalable and reliable framework for integrated IoT and fog computing scenario
Authors: Verma Richa , Chandra Shalini 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFog computing is an advantageous concept that works in consonance with cloud computing to enhance user experience. It presents innumerable benefits such as low latency, bandwidth saving, and location awareness. But, just being opportunistic towards the platform without checking it for security is not at all justifiable. As more and more sensitive data flows through the fog layer, it becomes mandatory to examine it for security. The fog nodes being closer to the user end are highly vulnerable to being malicious. There exists a possibility that a faulty fog node tries to tamper the data generated from the Internet of things (IoT) device layer and restrains the other functioning nodes to operate upon a common perceived value. In this regard, the authors have proposed the FogBus3 framework that guarantees reliable results from the fog level even in the presence of faulty fog nodes. The proposed framework adds a job categorization mechanism and a reliability ensuring IoT‐Fog Agreement Algorithm (IFAA) to the fog layer. The proposed framework has been thoroughly examined with the help of a working example and simulated through MATLAB R2021a. Further, the scenario has been tested before and after implementation of the proposed algorithm on the basis of execution time. Experimental results show that FogBus3's IFAA algorithm improves the execution time of the said setup by 41%. FogBus3 has also been evaluated for its scalability and is believed to ensure reliability in the said scenario.
Improving access to COVID‐19 information by ensuring the readability of government websites
Authors: Serry Tanya , Stebbins Tonya , Martchenko Andrew , Araujo Natalie , McCarthy Brigid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIssue addressedThis study evaluated the readability of web pages from two public‐facing Victorian government websites that were responsible for communicating key health messages relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020.MethodsWebpages were downloaded and filtered to identify relevant materials (English language materials containing HTML files that referred to COVID‐19). The files were converted to text files and two Python packages, SpaCy and TextStat were used to obtain the data presented here. In addition to running two well‐established readability tests, SMOG Index (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) and Flesch Reading Ease formula, we also calculated the figures for sentence length and word length, which drive the readability measures and allow a disaggregated view of the data. Type token ratio measures were conducted as a reflection of the breadth of vocabulary used in the web pages.ResultsDerived measures of text complexity were higher than recommended levels of text complexity for health promotion materials, which are generally set at senior primary school levels. This did not vary depending on the intended audience (public or professional). A senior secondary reading level was required for effective engagement with the text published on both sites.ConclusionsImproving the readability of materials on key government websites where information about COVID‐19 is being communicated to the public, represents a low cost and potentially effective means of improving public understanding of the pandemic and the steps individuals need to take to protect themselves and the community.So what?Given the challenges widely identified in ensuring compliance with protective behaviours, confidence in seeking vaccination and increasing distrust of government, it would be strategic to improve public communication to ensure health messages are simple and readily understood.SummaryThe complexity and readability of text contained in web pages during 2020 from two Victorian government departments were evaluated. Communication regarding the restrictions and the management of risks associated with COVID‐19 was the main focus of these 367 individual web pages from the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Department of Education and Training (DET). Results indicated that across both sites and on both readability measures used, an education level equivalent to senior secondary school would be required to readily understand the contents.
Reliable developmental research: Not only for infancy
Authors: Brosseau‐Liard Patricia E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReliability in developmental research is important to consider not only for infant research but also for researchers who wish to study individual differences at all ages. Forced‐choice behavioural tasks are popular in cognitive developmental research with preschoolers and young school‐age children because of their ease of administration and interpretation; however, the fact that guessing correctly is possible introduces noise that reduces reliability. An informal simulation is presented to illustrate this issue. Researchers wishing to investigate individual differences are encouraged to consider the reliability of the tasks they choose and not reflexively rely on familiar tasks that may be poorly suited to the study of true individual differences.
Developmental psychologists should care about measurement precision
Authors: Lindsay Shane , Mather Emily 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a wide ranging article in this journal, Byers‐Heinlein et al. (2022) make a persuasive case for paying close attention to reliability in developmental research. They focus on measurement reliability, which indexes how well individuals can be ranked across repeated measurements. We highlight the importance of measurement precision as a complement to understanding measurement reliability. We describe how this more absolute type of reliability can be quantified by the within‐participant standard deviation across trials, also known as the standard error of measurement (SEM). We outline how reporting and understanding measurement precision can play a key role in achieving the ‘six solutions’ for improving reliability in developmental research offered by Byers‐Heinlein et al.
Valid points and looks: Reliability and validity go hand‐in‐hand when improving infant methods
Authors: Zettersten Martin , Pomper Ron , Saffran Jenny 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this commentary, we suggest that infancy researchers should carefully consider validity when taking steps to improve reliability. Zooming in to focus on looking‐time methods, we argue that limitations in validity represent perhaps an even more fundamental issue than reliability. At the same time, focusing single‐mindedly on reliability comes with two possible pitfalls: maximizing reliability at the expense of construct validity, and overvaluing parental report measures compared to direct measures of infant behaviour. Finally, we articulate several promising avenues for improving validity in infant research: experimental and modelling efforts to characterize the functional relationship between measures such as looking time and infant cognition, using multiple measures to establish convergent validity, and improving our understanding of how measures vary across a broader set of stimulus characteristics.
On the reliability of reliability estimates in infancy research
Authors: Rhemtulla Mijke , Bottesini Julia G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this commentary on Byers‐Heinlein, Bergmann, and Savalei's (this issue) call to consider reliability in infancy measures, we note that the combination of highly unreliable measures and typically small sample sizes means that most reliability estimates based on single infant studies are, themselves, highly unreliable. To achieve reasonably precise reliability estimates requires either high population reliability or sample sizes several orders of magnitude larger than those typically seen in infancy research. Thus, we caution researchers to always report CIs around reliability estimates, and to be circumspect when interpreting those estimates.
Extremal connectedness of hedge funds
Authors: Mhalla Linda , Hambuckers Julien , Lambert Marie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a dynamic measure of extremal connectedness tailored to the short reporting period and unbalanced nature of hedge funds data. Using multivariate extreme value regression techniques, we estimate this measure conditional on factors reflecting the economic uncertainty and the state of the financial markets, and derive risk indicators reflecting the likelihood of extreme spillovers. Empirically, we study the dynamics of tail dependencies between hedge funds grouped per investment strategies, as well as with the banking sector. We show that during crisis periods, some pairs of strategies display an increase in their extremal connectedness, revealing a higher likelihood of simultaneous extreme losses. We also find a sizable tail dependence between hedge funds and banks, indicating that banks are more likely to suffer extreme losses when the hedge fund sector does. Our results highlight that a proactive regulatory framework should account for the dynamic nature of the tail dependence and its link with financial stress.