bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of micro-RNA 224-3p in pathogenesis of NonSegmental Vitiligo
Authors: Naguib Rehab M. , Ibrahim Hanan A. , Rashed Laila A. , El-Rifaie Abd-El A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Vitiligo is a skin and less common hair disease characterized by a decline in melanocyte function with a prevalence of 0.5–1% in most populations. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, noncoding, short RNA molecules, they act as regulators of gene expression and play critical roles in many biological processes such as differentiation, development, and metabolism of the human-body cells.

Aim
This case–control study aimed at detection of the expression of miRNA-224-3p in lesional skin of vitiligo patients as compared with normal-control persons to detect the possible role of miRNA-224-3p in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Patients and methods
This study included 30 patients with vitiligo and 30 healthy controls. About 4-mm punch skin biopsy was taken from patients (vitiligo lesion) and controls and it was kept in lysis solution for the stability of the studied parameters and was kept frozen at −80°C till analysis of miRNA-224-3p by quantitative reverse-transcription-PCR.

Results
The level of miRNA-224-3p in lesional skin of vitiligo was significantly higher as compared with normal-control persons.

Conclusion
MiRNA-224-3p may play an important role in pathogenesis of vitiligo, so it can be used as a biomarker to evaluate its progression and effect of therapeutic interventions.
Role of dermoscopy in diagnosing and differentiating seborrheic keratoses
Authors: Rajan Aswath , Shukla Pankaj , Pai Varadraj Vasant 
Published: August 2022

Background
Seborrheic keratosis is one of the most common benign epidermal tumors seen in elderly individuals. It has slow growth and presents with a varied degree of pigmentation in skin color closely resembling many other pigmented dermatoses. Dermoscopy, a noninvasive technique, could increase the accuracy of diagnosis and can differentiate it from various closest mimickers and malignancies.

Aim
This study aims to describe the various dermoscopic features of seborrheic keratosis in a series of cases.

Patients and methods
A hospital-based, descriptive study was conducted over 12 months from January 2018 to December 2018 in the Department of Dermatology, a tertiary-care center. A total of 100 patients were selected and evaluated in a prestructured proforma concerning age, sex, site of lesion, number and duration, and associated comorbidities. The lesion is observed on dermoscopy, and the dermoscopic patterns were then documented and analyzed.

Result
Among a total of 100 (32%) cases, the most common age group was between 41 and 50 years with females (52%) outnumbering males (48%). The most common site was the face (38%), and the common morphology was plaque (60%). Sign of Leser-Trélat was observed in five patients of which three were associated with malignancy that includes two lymphomas and one breast carcinoma. The color on dermoscopy was predominant dark brown (43%) and brownish-black (32%). The common element was clod (39%) and combined clod and dots (18%). More than three colors and more than two elements in a single lesion were observed in 15 and 11% of cases, respectively. The dermoscopic clues of seborrheic keratosis with highest to lowest prevalence were cerebriform pattern (76%), sharp demarcation (64%), comedone-like opening (56%), milia-like cyst (54%), mica-like scales (52%), moth-eaten border (46%), jelly sign (40%), fingerprint-like pattern (40%), fat fingers (36%), peripheral globules/network (34%), coral-like structure (26%), papillary structures (26%), irregular globules (12%), irregular opaque brown pigmentation (12%), and yellow-orange areas (3%). The flat seborrheic keratosis predominantly showed an irregular network-like structure, fat fingers, milia-like cyst, and accentuation of two adjacent perifollicular pigmentations forming a double ring-like structure (16%). The raised lesions predominantly showed fissures/ridges (cerebriform pattern), exophytic papillary structures, opaque pigmentation, and a mica-like pattern. Ten lesions were misinterpreted as seborrheic keratosis clinically and on dermoscopy were verruca vulgaris (2/10, 20%), melanocytic nevus (3/10, 30%), and basal cell carcinoma (5/10, 50%), which were confirmed on histopathology.

Conclusion
The study emphasizes the use of dermoscopy in seborrheic keratosis to improve the clinical accuracy of diagnosis and also to differentiate from its common mimickers.
Liquid-liquid phase equilibria for the ternary (neopentyl glycol + sodium formate + water) system
Authors: Yanli Zhang , Dongguang Li 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Liquid–liquid equilibrium data and the phase diagrams were measured for the ternary (neopentyl glycol + sodium formate + water) system at various temperatures of 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. The effect of temperature on the conjugate phase and the tie-line length of the investigated system have been studied. The results showed that the length of the tie-line increases and the two-phase area was slightly increased by decreasing temperature. The fitting parameters of the Pirdashti and Merchuk equations were obtained with the temperature dependence expressed in the linear form, respectively. Compared with the Pirdashti equation, the binodal curves were satisfactorily described using the Merchuk equation at T = (303.15, 313.15 and 323.15) K, and the critical points at different temperatures were estimated by extrapolation. Furthermore, the Hand, Othmer-Tobias and Bachman models were used for the correlation of the phase behavior of the studied system. According to the reported correlation coefficients values, it was found that the measured tie-line data have acceptable consistency and the better fitness was with Othmer-Tobias equation.

KEY WORDS: Liquid–liquid equilibrium, Neopentyl glycol, Phase diagram, Merchuk
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 915-922.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.16
Analytical methods for the quantification of ritonavir in pharmaceuticals, a comparative evaluation
Authors: Akbel Erten 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Ritonavir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)/HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). This article describes the development and validation of spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic techniques for ritonavir quantification in pharmaceutical formulations. Liquid chromatographic analyzes were carried out using a C18 column and a mobile phase consisted of 20 mM KH2PO4 (pH = 3.0) and acetonitrile (45:55, v/v), with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 and UV detection at 235 nm. For the spectrophotometric analyses, ethanol was employed as a solvent, The UV spectra of the standard and sample solution were scanned between 200 and 800 nm, and λmax was determined as 235 nm. Analytical techniques have been validated in accordance with the processes outlined in the ICH (International Council for Harmonization) recommendations. The results showed that the analytical procedures were linear, accurate, precise, and robust. The recovery values of the methods are within the standard norms (98-102%). Following that, a statistical comparison of analytical techniques was carried out, and the findings revealed no significant difference. Consequently, the developed analytical techniques might be used quality control analysis of ritonavir in pharmaceuticals.

KEY WORDS: Ritonavir, Analysis, Method, Validation, Spectrophotometer, HPLC

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 737-747.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.2
Preparation, spectroscopic and thermal studies on the zinc(II), cadmium(II), tin(II), lead(II) and antimony(III) creatinine complexes
Authors: A.O. Younes Ayman , Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Zinc(II), cadmium(II), tin(II), lead(II) and antimony(III) complexes of creatinine with the composition of [M(creat)2Xn].xH2O, (X = Cl or NO3; n = 2-6) were prepared. The complexes were characterized by analytical and spectral methods. The analysis of FT-IR and Raman spectra helps to understand the coordination properties of the creatinine ligand and to determine the probable structure of the complexes. The shift in the resonances of cyclic NH proton in the 1H NMR when compared to the ligand indicated that cyclic nitrogen coordinates. Conductivity measurements in DMSO suggested that the complexes are non-electrolytes. Thermal decomposition behavior of the complexes was also discussed.

KEY WORDS: Creatinine, TGA/DTA, Metal complexation, Raman spectroscopy

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 831-842.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.9
Mycofloral Diversity and Molecular Characterization of Species Isolated from Farmer-Saved Rice Seeds in the Irrigated Rice Production Districts of the Coastal Savannah Zones of Ghana
Authors: Honger J. , Oppong C. , Amoatey C. 
Published: August 2022

Irrigated rice production is the major type of rice production in the Coastal Savannah Zone of Ghana, where farmers rely on their saved seeds for production. A study was carried out to determine the types of storage fungi resident on farmer saved seeds and their distribution in five major rice production areas of the Coastal Savannah Zone. The blotter method was used to isolate fungal species after which they were identified using cultural and morphological features complemented by sequence analysis of the entire Internal Transcribed Spacer (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region of isolates. Eleven fungal species namely, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium equiseti, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma sp. belonging to 8 different genera were isolated and identified on the rice seeds. Curvularia lunata, with a percentage occurrence of 63.9% was the most prevalent fungal species, while Trichoderma sp. (1.3%) was the least prevalent fungal species from the study area. The high infection rate of seeds by Curvularia species may lead to high incidence and severity of Curvularia leaf spot disease in the study area.
Observations on some Fairy Ring Forming Lepiota Mushrooms (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Ghana
Authors: Odamtten G. T. , Wiafe-Kwagyan M. , Kortei N. K. 
Published: August 2022

Mushrooms are mostly saprophytic and grow in soil, on dead wood or are found on grass, lawns, pitches and golf courses. There are about 400 species of Lepiota typically gilled; some are edible and other forming fairy rings in the field. Two Lepiota species were studied in the Greater Accra Region during the rainy season (May-July) of 2016-2018. Their morphological development, anatomy and ring-forming capacity during the 3yr cycle. Lepiota procera (Pers) Grays is edible and is typically without volva. The fairy ring was made up of 6 - 9 mushrooms in circle along the periphery of the circle with slight shift in the positions of the fruiting body. period. L. procera emerged directly from the soil without any change in the topography or color of soil in about 28 days. The second Lepiota sp. is not edible and completed morphological development in 2 - 3 weeks and formed full to semi-circle fairy rings. There was a distinct greening of grass (Chrysopogon aciculatus) along the periphery of the ring. These findings underscore the fact that fairy ring formation is not mystical but a natural phenomenon among the Basidiomycota. This is the first reported account of fairy ring formation in Ghana.
Evaluation des performances de l’embouche ovine paysanne dans la commune de Korsimoro au Burkina Faso
Authors: Kabore Michel , Sanon Hadja Oumou , Kiema André , Nianogo Aimé Joseph , Gnanda Isidore B. 
Published: August 2022

L’alimentation du bétail constitue de nos jours un défi majeur, en raison de l’insuffisance des fourrages et des mauvaises pratiques d’alimentation. Cette étude a été conduite dans la région du Centre-nord du pays en vue d’améliorer l’embouche ovine paysanne. Pour cela, 110 béliers de 48 emboucheurs ont été répartis en quatre lots et alimentés selon le type d’aliments dont disposait l’emboucheur. Les rations ont été formulées sur la base des résidus de cultures améliorées et/ou locales, et des aliments concentrés. Les résultats ont montré que les rations 2, 3 et 4 incorporant le fourrage amélioré et/ou des SPAI, avec des indices de consommation (IC) variant entre 13 et 14 étaient significativement plus performantes que la ration 1 composée uniquement de fourrage de culture de variété locale (IC = 35,87). Les GMQ des béliers des lots 2, 3 et 4 (97,67 g/j ; 110,33 g/j ; 120,50 g/j) ont été significativement (P < 0,05) supérieurs à ceux du lot 1 (45 g/j). Les facteurs ration, race et genre ont plus ou moins influencé les performances pondérales des ovins et les marges brutes des emboucheurs. L’adoption des cultures fourragères et des techniques d’alimentation pourront révolutionner cette activité dans la zone.
Livestock feeding is a major challenge today, due to insufficient fodder and poor feeding practices. This study was conducted in the North central region of the country to improve peasant sheep fattening practices. For this, 110 rams from 48 farmers were divided into four groups and fed according to the type of feeds available to the fattener. The rations were formulated on the basis of crops residues of improved and/or local varieties and concentrate feeds. The results showed that rations 2, 3 and 4 incorporating the improved forage and/or and concentrated feed, with feed conversion ratios (FCR) ranging from 13 to 14, performed significantly better than ration 1 composed of local forage only (FCR = 35.87). The Average Daily Earning (ADG) of rams in groups 2, 3 and 4 (97.67 g/d; 110.33 g/d; 120.50 g/d) were significantly higher than those of group 1 (45 g/d). Ration, breed and gender factors influenced more or less sheep weight performance and gross profits of the fatteners. The adoption of fodders crops and feeding techniques could revolutionize this activity in the area. Average daily earnings.
Perception paysanne de l’écologie des espèces ligneuses fourragères et médicinales (ELFM) de la régénération naturelle assistée (RNA) suivant un gradient agro-écologique du centre-sud du Niger
Authors: Zounon Christian Serge Félix , Moussa Massaoudou , Abasse Tougiani , Hamadou Issa , Rabiou Habou , Katkore Boubakar , Tidjani Didier , Ambouta Jean-Marie Karimou 
Published: August 2022

L’utilisation des organes des arbres dans l’alimentation et la santé animale prend de l’ampleur dans les terroirs villageois du centre-sud du Niger. Ces services écosystémiques sont souvent assurés par les espèces ligneuses de la régénération naturelle assistée (RNA). L’objectif de cette étude était d’appréhender les connaissances locales sur la distribution et l’utilisation des espèces ligneuses fourragères et médicinales (ELFM) dans les zones agro-écologiques. La méthode des enquêtes ethnobotaniques a été utilisée à l’aide d’un échantillon de 78 répondants, repartis en 25 en zone pastorale, 26 en zone agropastorale et 27 en zone agricole. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier une liste floristique des espèces ligneuses fourragères (ELF) repartie en 17 espèces en zone pastorale, 22 en zone agro-pastorale et 33 en zone agricole. Aussi, 8 espèces ligneuses médicinales (ELM) sont utilisées pour soigner 5 pathologies animales en zone agricole, 5 pour traiter 3 pathologies en zone pastorale et 3 pour soigner 3 pathologies en zone agro-pastorale. Ces résultats peuvent être utilisés dans la promotion de la RNA, en entretenant les ELFM importantes pour le bien-être des populations locales.
The use of tree organs for food and animal health is increasing in village lands in south-central Niger. These ecosystem services are often provided by woody species of farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR). The objective of this study was to understand local knowledge on the distribution and use of woody fodder and medicinal species (WFMS) in agro-ecological zones. The ethnobotanical survey method was used with a sample of 78 respondents, divided into 25 in pastoral zones, 26 in agropastoral zones and 27 in agricultural zones. The results identified a floristic list of woody fodder species (WFS) divided into 17 species in the pastoral zone, 22 in the agro-pastoral zone and 33 in the agricultural zone. Also, 8 medicinal woody species (MWS) are used to treat 5 animal diseases in the agricultural zone, 5 to treat 3 diseases in the pastoral zone and 3 to treat 3 diseases in the agro-pastoral zone. These results can be used in the promotion of FMNR, by maintaining the WFMS important for the welfare of local populations.
Caractérisation de la flore ligneuse du Parc Forestier et Zoologique de Hann à Dakar (Sénégal)
Authors: Manga Malamine , Diouf Ndongo , Dieng Birane , Ngom Ablaye , Sidybe Mamadou , Camara Abdou Aziz , Diouf Jules , Gueye Bachirou , Mbaye Mame Samba , Noba Kandioura 
Published: August 2022

Le Parc Hann est un patrimoine de biodiversité du Sénégal et présente une diversité floristique assez intéressante pour la population. Cependant, il existe très peu de données scientifiques sur cette flore. Cette étude a été réalisée dans le but de caractériser la flore ligneuse du Parc de Hann et d’établir les spectres taxonomique, biologique et chorologique. Les données ont été collectées de Décembre 2017 à Avril 2018 à la suite d’un inventaire itinérant. Les travaux ont permis de répertorier 121 espèces ligneuses réparties dans 100 genres et 38 familles. Parmi ces espèces, 8 n’ont pas été citées dans la flore du Sénégal et 11 étaient partiellement protégées par le code forestier du Sénégal. Les résultats ont montré que la flore du Parc est constituée de 99% d’Angiospermes. La famille des Fabaceae est la plus représentée avec 23,14% des espèces recensées. En outre, l’analyse du spectre biologique a montré que la flore est dominée par les mésophanérophytes (46,28%) suivi des microphanérophytes (37,19%). La flore est dominée par les espèces afrotropicales (42,98%) et les espèces pantropicales (23,14%). La caractérisation de la flore ligneuse du Parc de Hann a permis de comprendre que la gestion de la biodiversité urbaine doit être faite de manière permanente avec un contrôle régulier du cadre de vie.
Located in the capital city of Senegal, the Hann Park plays an important role in phytodiversity conservation in a context of global changes. Therefore, knowledge of floristic composition and phytosociology are key factors for a better phytodiversity. This study was conducted to characterize the woody flora of Hann Park and establish the taxonomic, biological and chorological spectra. The data were collected from December 2017 to April 2018 following a roving inventory. The work allowed to list 121 woody species distributed in 100 genera and 38 families. Of these species, 8 were not cited in the Senegalese flora and 11 were partially protected by the Senegalese forestry code. The family with the highest species richness was Fabaceae with 23.14% of the flora. The overall analysis of the biological spectrum showed a large dominance of mesophanerophytes (48.28%) followed by microphanerophytes (37.19%). Moreover, the chorological analysis revealed that afrotropical (42.98%) and pantropical species (23.14%) were the most important. The present study allowed pointing out the flora structure of woody flora in the Hann Park which is necessary for improving management of phytodiversity.
Kewenangan Pembatalan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Oleh Menteri Dalam Negeri Dalam Hubungan Pusat Dan Daerah
Authors: Mauwa Ricardo Marlon , Nirahua Salmon Eliazer Marthen , Pietersz Jemmy Jeffry 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The Ministerial decree of Home Affairs (beleidsregels) in the Authority of Annulment provincial regulations is a form of modification of administrative law in preparing regional regulatory norms and has a hierarchical basis for the formation of provincial regulations.Purposes of the Research: Reviewing and analyzing the suitability of legal norms instruments against the hierarchical laws and regulations within the authority to annulment provincial regulations by the Minister of Home Affairs, so that the instrument of authority in the context of central and regional relations should be a source of positive law based on the authority of state institutions (authority of the Minister of Home Affairs).Methods of the Research: This research is a case study using a normative juridical method with a case approach that is discussed descriptively, namely examining legal reasons (ratio decidendi) legitimacy and the basis for the authority of the Minister of Home Affairs in annulment Provincial Regulations and reviewing the authority of central relations and regions as indicators of government authority (Cq. Minister of Home Affairs) in the context to harmonize the implementation of public interest (administrative function = bestuurs function).Results of the Research: Modification of administrative law in practice of the authority to annulment provincial regional regulations by the Minister of Home Affairs in connection with central and regional relations in normative legal research on the laws and regulations applied in the Constitutional Court Decision No. Register: 137/PUU-XIII/2015; judicial review Article 251: (2),(3),(4),(8) and the Constitutional Court Decision No. Register: 56/PUU-XIV/2016; judicial review Article 251 : (1),(4),(5),(7), "as long as the phrase the authority to repeal provincial regional regulations by the Minister of Home Affairs is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and has no binding legal force". This creates confusion and dualism from the analogy principle by design : (1). Control of the administrative mechanism/ administrative function based on the normative formulation of Law Number 23 of 2014 the relevance of Permendagri Number 80 of 2015 (as the principal authority of the Minister of Home Affairs) is "a priore" in the practice of HTN is called as the authority of state institutions in an administrative appeal; and (2). Control of the juridical/judicial function mechanism, namely the legal authority to test according to the conception/hierarchy of laws and regulations based on the normative formulation of Law Number 12 of 2011 on the relevance of Presidential Regulation Number 87 of 2014 (which is the authority of the Supreme Court in the toetsingrehct/judicial mechanism review) is having the quality of “a posterore” on the other hand.