bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in mosquito repellents: effectiveness of citronellal derivatives in laboratory and field trials
Authors: Iovinella Immacolata , Caputo Beniamino , Cobre Pietro , Manica Mattia , Mandoli Alessandro , Dani Francesca Romana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral essential oils, including citronella (lemongrass, Cymbopogon sp., Poaceae), are well‐known mosquito repellents. A drawback of such products is their limited protection time resulting from the high volatility of their active components. In particular, citronella oil protects for <2 h, although formulations with fixatives can increase this time.RESULTSWe synthesized hydroxylated cyclic acetals of citronellal, the main component of citronella, to obtain derivatives with lower volatility and weaker odour. The crude mixture of isomers obtained in the reaction was tested under laboratory conditions for its repellency against two mosquito species, the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus, and found to be endowed with longer protection time with respect to DEET (N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide) at the same concentration. Formulated products were tested in a latin square human field trial, in an area at a high density of A. albopictus for 8 h from the application. We found that the performance of the citronellal derivatives mixture is comparable (95% protection for ≤3.5 h) with those of the most widespread synthetic repellents DEET and Icaridin, tested at a four‐fold higher doses.CONCLUSIONSModifying the hydrophilicity and volatility of natural repellents is a valuable strategy to design insect repellents with a long‐lasting effect. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Setting the control limit at release for stability assurance
Authors: Chen X. Gregory , van der Vaart A. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA common task in quality control is to determine a control limit for a product at the time of release that incorporates its risk of degradation over time. Such a limit for a given quality measurement will be based on empirical stability data, the intended shelf life of the product and the stability specification. The task is particularly important when the registered specifications for release and stability are equal. We discuss two relevant formulations and their implementations in both a frequentist and Bayesian framework. The first ensures that the risk of a batch failing the specification is comparable at release and at the end of shelf life. The second is to screen out batches at release time that are at high risk of failing the stability specification at the end of their shelf life. Although the second formulation seems more natural from a quality assurance perspective, it usually renders a control limit that is too stringent. In this paper we provide theoretical insight in this phenomenon, and introduce a heat‐map visualisation that may help practitioners to assess the feasibility of implementing a limit under the second formulation. We also suggest a solution when infeasible. In addition, the current industrial benchmark is reviewed and contrasted to the two formulations. Computational algorithms for both formulations are laid out in detail, and illustrated on a dataset.
The drag exerted by weakly dissipative trapped lee waves on the atmosphere: Application to Scorer's two‐layer model
Authors: Teixeira Miguel A. C. , Argaín José L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough it is known that trapped lee waves propagating at low levels in a stratified atmosphere exert a drag on the mountains that generate them, the distribution of the corresponding reaction force exerted on the atmospheric mean circulation, defined by the wave momentum flux profiles, has not been established, because for inviscid trapped lee waves these profiles oscillate indefinitely downstream. A framework is developed here for the unambiguous calculation of momentum flux profiles produced by trapped lee waves, which circumvents the difficulties plaguing the inviscid trapped lee wave theory. Using linear theory, and taking Scorer's two‐layer atmosphere as an example, the waves are assumed to be subject to a small dissipation, expressed as a Rayleigh damping. The resulting wave pattern decays downstream, so the momentum flux profile integrated over the area occupied by the waves converges to a well‐defined form. Remarkably, for weak dissipation, this form is independent of the value of Rayleigh damping coefficient, and the inviscid drag, determined in previous studies, is recovered as the momentum flux at the surface. The divergence of this momentum flux profile accounts for the areally integrated drag exerted by the waves on the atmosphere. The application of this framework to this and other types of trapped lee waves potentially enables the development of physically based parametrizations of the effects of trapped lee waves on the atmosphere.
Incidental finding of situs ambiguus in a middle‐aged woman
Authors: Huang Yung‐Chia , Lee Shih‐Wei , Wu Shih‐Hsin , Chen Mei‐Yin 
Published: August 2022

Key messageSitus ambiguus is a rare congenital abnormality with outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Here we present a woman with an incidental finding of situs ambiguus hinted by her chest radiograph. This case highlights the importance of actively seeking diagnosis when right sub‐diaphragmic air is noted when viewing a chest radiograph.
Chemically Modulated Synthesis of UiO‐66(X) for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Yin Dongdong , Li Chuang , Liu Jinxuan , Liang Changhai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is of great significance to produce allylic alcohols, a fundamental intermediates in industrial organic synthesis, through hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The development of catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) to improve reaction selectivity is critical and still a major challenge. In this work, we used UiO‐66 as precursor, hydrochloric acid and monocarboxylic acid as modulators to synthesized a series of materials named UiO‐66(X). A deep investigation into the influence of modulators on the composition, morphology, and physical structure of UiO‐66(X) was presented. Most importantly, the UiO‐66(TFA) with continuous Zr−O−Zr sites as active centers both realized high conversion of cinnamaldehyde and excellent selectivity to cinnamyl alcohol (97 %) in the CTH of cinnamaldehyde and possessed good reusability and chemical stability.
New Oxoquinoline‐Imidazole Based Fluorescence Signaling Switches for the Determination of Zn2+/F− (OFF‐ON), and Fe3+/Picric Acid (ON‐OFF): Applications in Anticancer Activity
Authors: Pavankumar B. B. , Ranjan Prabodh , Jha Prakash C. , Sivaramakrishna Akella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of new oxoquinoline‐imidazole derivatives (IMD1‐IMD4) was prepared, and they were characterized by analytical and spectral data. Further, they were employed as effective fluorescence signaling switches through “OFF‐ON” and “ON‐OFF” by an ESIPT (excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer) mechanism. The OFF‐ON green fluorescence exhibited by IMD1 selectively at 486 nm with Zn2+ and F− is the basis for the determination of Zn2+ and F− ions by way of detection limits of 5.28×10−9 M and 1.74 ×10−10 M, respectively. In contrast, IMD3 being fluorescent active (ON) with blue emission at 464 nm selectively exhibits quenching in fluorescence intensity in the presence of Fe3+ and picric acid (PA) at pH 7.4. This quenching property of IMD3 leads to the rapid determination of Fe3+ and picric acid (PA) selectively with a limit of detection of 3.28×10−9 M and 1.63×10−10 M, respectively. Experimental findings have been well‐complemented by Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies. The activity of the synthesized oxoquinoline‐imidazole compounds (IMD1 and IMD3) was demonstrated on HeLa (Henrietta Lacks, a human cell line) and breast cancer cells for the detection of Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions, respectively.
Copper‐Catalyzed Base‐free Protocol for the Sonogashira‐type Coupling of Phenylacetylenes with Boronic Acid Derivatives under Air
Authors: Saranya Salim , Saranya Padinjare Veetil , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA base‐free Cu‐catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of internal alkynes using phenylacetylenes and boronic acid derivatives has been developed. We have used the less expensive catalyst CuI in greener solvent methanol using air as oxidant for the synthesis of diarylacetylenes. The methodology furnished the diarylacetylene derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
Synergistic Effect of Bio‐Inspired Nanochannels: Hydrophilic DNA Probes at Inner Wall and Hydrophobic Coating at Outer Surface for Highly Sensitive Detection
Authors: Liu Lingxiao , Luo Cihui , Zhang Jinhuan , He Xiao , Shen Ying , Yan Bing , Huang Yu , Xia Fan , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the past few decades, bio‐inspired nanochannels have been well developed and applied in biosensing, energy transfer, separation, and so on. Here, inspired by the synergistic effect of biological nanopores, biomimetic solid‐state nanochannels with hydrophilic DNA probes at the inner wall (DNA@IWHydrophilic) and hydrophobic coating at the outer surface (None@OSHydrophobic) are designed. To demonstrate their prompted sensing properties, Hg2+ and its specific probe are selected as target and hydrophilic DNA probes, respectively. Compared with the traditional solid‐state nanochannels with hydrophilic probes distributed on both the inner wall and outer surface, the nanochannels with DNA@IWHydrophilic+None@OSHydrophobic significantly decrease the limit of detection (LOD) by 105‐fold. The obvious improvement of sensitivity (with LOD of 1 nM) is attributed to the synergistic effect: None@OSHydrophobic results in the nanochannel's effective diameter decrease and DNA@IWHydrophilic induces a specific sensing target. Meanwhile, nanomolar detection of Hg2+ in human serum and in vivo fish muscle are achieved. Through molecular dynamics simulation, the synergistic effect can be confirmed by ion fluxes increasement; the relative carbon nanotube increases from 135.64% to 135.84%. This work improves the understanding of nanochannels’ synergistic effect and provides a significant insight for nanochannels with improved sensitivity.
Near‐Infrared‐II Light Induced Mild Hyperthermia Activate Cisplatin‐Artemisinin Nanoparticle for Enhanced Chemo/Chemodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiong Guoliang , Huang Dakun , Lu Lingfei , Luo Xiuxian , Wang Yadong , Liu Shangwen , Chen Mianxiong , Yu Shaolong , Kappen Marie , You Changjiang , Lu Sheng , Yu Yingjie , Lu Jiandong , Lin Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an effective cancer treatment that uses Fenton reaction to induce cancer cell death. Current clinical applications of CDT are limited by the dependency of external supply of metal ions as well as low catalytic efficiency. Here, a highly efficient metal‐free CDT by using endoperoxide bridge‐containing artesunate as free radical‐generating substance is developed. A Pt(IV) prodrug (A‐Pt) containing two artesunate molecules in the axial direction is synthesized, which can be decomposed into cisplatin and artesunate under reducing intracellular environment in tumor cells. To improve the catalytic efficiency for Fenton reaction, a near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photothermal agent IR1048 is incorporated to achieve a mild hyperthermia effect. By encapsulating the A‐Pt and IR1048 with human serum albumin, A‐Pt‐IR NP are formulated for efficient drug delivery in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice. NIR‐II light irradiation of A‐Pt‐IR NP treated mice show accelerated Fenton reaction. In addition, A‐Pt‐IR NP could also induce strong immunogenic cell death, which effectively reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and augments antitumor immunity. This study demonstrates that A‐Pt‐IR NP are potent biodegradable NIR‐II active chemotherapy/CDT nanomedicine for clinical translation.
Fructose milieu undermines the therapeutic effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on neuroblastoma cell line via maintaining mitochondrial function
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Wu Chih‐Wei , Chen Yu‐Chia , Fu Mu‐Hui , Tain You‐Lin , Hung Chun‐Ying , Chen I‐Chun , Lee Chu‐Wan , Wu Kay L. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFructose overconsumption promotes tumor progression. Neuroblastoma is a common extracranial tumor with about 50% 5‐year survival rate in high‐risk children. The anti‐tumor effect of Tribulus terrestris might bring new hope to neuroblastoma therapy. However, whether fructose disturbs the therapeutic effect of T. terrestris is currently unknown. In this study, the mouse neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro 2a (N2a) cells, was used to investigate the therapeutic effects of T. terrestris extract at various dosages (0.01, 1, 100 ng/ml) in regular EMEM medium or extra added fructose (20 mM) for 24 h. 100 ng/ml T. terrestris treatment significantly reduced the cell viability, whereas the cell viabilities were enhanced at the dosages of 0.01 or 1 ng/ml T. terrestris in the fructose milieu instead. The inhibition effect of T. terrestris on N2a migration was blunted in the fructose milieu. Moreover, T. terrestris effectively suppressed mitochondrial functions, including oxygen consumption rates, the activities of electron transport enzymes, the expressions of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and mitochondrial membrane potential. These suppressions were reversed in the fructose group. In addition, the T. terrestris‐suppressed mitofusin and the T. terrestris‐enhance mitochondrial fission 1 protein were maintained at basal levels in the fructose milieu. Together, these results demonstrated that T. terrestris extract effectively suppressed the survival and migration of neuroblastoma via inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and disturbing mitochondrial dynamics. Whereas, the fructose milieu blunted the therapeutic effect of T. terrestris, particularly, when the dosage is reduced.
Effect of the extract made from Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM) on the immune responses of mice to a commercial foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccine
Authors: Qin Ming , Liu Jiewei , Sakwiwatkul Kedsirin , Yan Han , Chang Xiaoyu , Chi Shengbo , Li Yutao , Li Ruili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesFoot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important animal disease because of the speed of its transmission. Routine vaccination may not be effective; RAM can be considered as a potential facilitator for this. Present study was designed to evaluate the effects of feeding different treatment of the RAM in different days on the immune responses in mice immunised with FMDV type O vaccine.Material and methodsIn experiment 1, 50 ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups with 10 animals in each group, and the basic diet containing 1% Crush of RAM for 1‐week ad libitum feeding period, 1% Crush of RAM for 6‐week ad libitum feeding period, 1% Decoction of RAM for a 1‐week ad libitum feeding period, 1% Decoction of RAM for a 6‐week ad libitum feeding period, respectively. Blood samples were collected 2 weeks after boosting for measurement of FMDV‐specific IgG level and the IgG subclasses, lymphocyte proliferation as well as production IL‐5 and IFN‐γ. In experiment 2, four groups mice were fed basic diet and basic diet containing 5% Decoction of RAM for 2‐, 4‐ and 6‐day ad libitum feeding periods, respectively. Then we collected blood samples for detecting IgG and IgG subclasses, splenocytes for lymphocyte proliferation as well as production IL‐5 and IFN‐γ, and tissue samples of small intestine for sIgA.ResultsThe results indicated that 1% Decoction of RAM for a 1‐week ad libitum feeding period group and 5% Decoction of RAM for 2‐, 4‐ and 6‐day ad libitum feeding period group enhance the FMDV‐specific immune responses significantly.ConclusionsTaken together, the results demonstrate that doses and feeding time of RAM are important to affect the immune responses.
Pharmacokinetic behaviors of soft nanoparticulate formulations of chemotherapeutics
Authors: Sarkar Mahua , Wang Yang , Ekpenyong Oscar , Liang Dong , Xie Huan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChemotherapeutic treatment with conventional drug formulations pose numerous challenges, such as poor solubility, high cytotoxicity and serious off‐target side effects, low bioavailability, and ultimately subtherapeutic tumoral concentration leading to poor therapeutic outcomes. In the field of Nanomedicine, advances in nanotechnology have been applied with great success to design and develop novel nanoparticle‐based formulations for the treatment of various types of cancer. The approval of the first nanomedicine, Doxil® (liposomal doxorubicin) in 1995, paved the path for further development for various types of novel delivery platforms. Several different types of nanoparticles, especially organic (soft) nanoparticles (liposomes, polymeric micelles, and albumin‐bound nanoparticles), have been developed and approved for several anticancer drugs. Nanoparticulate drug delivery platform have facilitated to overcome of these challenges and offered key advantages of improved bioavailability, higher intra‐tumoral concentration of the drug, reduced toxicity, and improved efficacy. This review introduces various commonly used nanoparticulate systems in biomedical research and their pharmacokinetic (PK) attributes, then focuses on the various physicochemical and physiological factors affecting the in vivo disposition of chemotherapeutic agents encapsulated in nanoparticles in recent years. Further, it provides a review of the current landscape of soft nanoparticulate formulations for the two most widely investigated anticancer drugs, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, that are either approved or under investigation. Formulation details, PK profiles, and therapeutic outcomes of these novel strategies have been discussed individually and in comparison, to traditional formulations.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Mentoring Teacher-Research: From Situated Practice to ‘Global’ Guidance
Authors: Smith Richard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a pioneering framework and provides practical guidance for those interested in mentoring teachers to research their own practice, based on the author’s experience facilitating teacher-research in Latin America and South Asia. Emphasizing issues specific to teacher-research mentoring, the chapter considers advice for: Introducing teacher-research; Planning a research timeline and communications; Record-keeping, reflection, and mentor-research; Helping teachers to select a topic and develop research questions; Guiding teachers to generate, analyse and interpret data; Supporting teachers to plan and evaluate change; Helping teachers to share and reflect on their research; and Maintaining teacher-researchers’ motivation.The chapter concludes with implications, and reflections on whether the insights offered can be seen as ‘globally’ relevant, given that they emerged originally from situated work in particular contexts
In a State of Flux: Urban Planning Programmes in Asia and Africa
Authors: Anand Geetika , Dutta Nandini 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe appropriateness of planning programmes in the Global South, heavily influenced by their colonial pasts and the content developed and taught in universities of the Global North, has been widely questioned. In recent years, contemporary urban challenges, as also highlightedNational Institute of Urban Affairs by the New Urban Agenda, demand that planning education step up and be a core lever of urban transformation. Grappling with legacies from the colonial past on one hand, and looking towards achieving sustainable change in future, where does planning education in post-colonial contexts currently stand? Taking seriously the intent of the programmes, this paper asks two interrelated questions of ten Master’s level planning programmes across Africa and Asia: Who is the programme intended for, and to what end? What are the various forms of knowledge the programme intends to impart, and how? This comparative, qualitative review of planning programmes from across the two regions highlights the similarities and variations in how planning and its education are viewed and approached by different institutions. With the planning discipline currently in a state of flux in post-colonial contexts, this discussion presents an opportunity for learning and innovation through South-South exchanges and partnerships—a critical, yet under-explored area for collaboration when compared with existing North–South knowledge exchange partnerships.
The mass-degenerate SM-like Higgs and anomaly of (g − 2)μ in μ-term extended NMSSM
Authors: Shang Liangliang , Zhang XiaoFeng , Heng Zhaoxia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We chose the μ-term extended next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (μNMSSM) for this work, and we perform a phenomenological study based on the assumption that the observed Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs is explained by the presence of a double overlapping resonance and in light of the recent (g − 2)μ result. The study also takes into account a variety of experimental results, including Dark Matter (DM) direct detections and results from sparticle searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We study the properties of DM confronted with the limits from DM direct detections. As a second step, we focus our attention on the properties of the mass-degenerate SM-like Higgs bosons and on explaining the anomaly of (g −2)μ. We conclude that the anomaly of (g −2)μ can be explained in the scenario with two mass-degenerate SM-like Higgs, and there are samples that meet the current constraints and fit 1 − σ anomalies of Higgs data.
Probing phase structure of black holes with Lyapunov exponents
Authors: Guo Xiaobo , Lu Yuhang , Mu Benrong , Wang Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We conjecture that there exists a relationship between Lyapunov exponents and black hole phase transitions. To support our conjecture, Lyapunov exponents of the motion of particles and ring strings are calculated for Reissner-Nordström-AdS black holes. When a phase transition occurs, the Lyapunov exponents become multivalued, and branches of the Lyapunov exponents coincide with black hole phases. Moreover, the discontinuous change in the Lyapunov exponents can be treated as an order parameter, and has a critical exponent of 1/2 near the critical point. Our findings reveal that Lyapunov exponents can be an efficient tool to study phase structure of black holes.