bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Propagation of Castanea sativa Mill. through Meristem-tip Culture1
Authors: Rodríguez Roberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Meristem tips of Castanea sativa Mill. from in vitro cultures derived from seedling explants initiated multiple shoot-buds and developed shoot-bud in the presence of 1 mg/liter 6-benzyIamino purine (BA) + 0.01 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA). Root formation was readily achieved within 20 to 25 days when excised single shoots were transferred onto a fresh medium supplemented with IBA (1 mg/liter).
In Vitro Proliferation of Pecan Shoots1
Authors: Wood B. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) Koch] axillary buds of nodal explants from 4- to 12-week-old ‘Stuart’ seedlings were first induced to proliferate shoots and then to elongate on a defined medium. An evaluation of 6-benzylamino purine (BA), isopentenyladenine (2iP), indolebutryric acid (IBA), and indoleactic acid (IAA) for shoot proliferation found a combination of 4 mg/liter BA and 1 mg/liter IBA to be most effective. The synthetic hormones were much more effective at inducing a growth or development response than were their natural counterparts. Gibberellic acid (GA) at 3 mg/liter plus 0.1 mg/liter BA enhanced shoot elongation.
Response of Jojoba Seedlings to Waterlogged Root Environments1
Authors: Catlin P. B. , Olsson E. A. , Rost T. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although few seedlings of jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. K. Schneid] developed foliar symptoms when their roots were waterlogged at 23°C for 42 days, root systems of all plants were irreversibly damaged. At 33°, symptoms developed more rapidly, but again all plants died when treatments were prolonged to obtain foliar effects on a high proportion of plants. The limit of survival at 33° was when about 50% of the seedlings expressed symptoms. Jojoba is intermediate in sensitivity to waterlogging based upon direct comparisons with walnut (very sensitive) and pear (very tolerant).
Response of Mites and Leafminers to Trickle Irrigation Rates in Spray Chrysanthemum Production1
Authors: Price J. F. , Harbaugh B. K. , Stanley C. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The numbers of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) per unit of leaf area on ‘Manatee Yellow Iceberg’ chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum X morifolium Ramat.) grown with 13.6, 20.3, 27.1, 33.9, or 40.7 cm of water during the crop cycle were inversely related to amounts of water provided on both of 2 sampling dates. The numbers of mites per leaf were inversely related to amounts of water provided on the first of the 2 sampling dates. There was no significant response of leafmine densities with various amounts of water provided.
Dual Minimum Temperature Forcing of ‘Ace’, ‘Croft’, ‘Harson’, and ‘Nellie White’ Easter Lilies, (Lilium longiflorum, Thunb.) using Southern-grown Bulbs
Authors: Laiche Adolph J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Southern-grown bulbs of ‘Ace’, ‘Croft’, ‘Harson’, and ‘Nellie White’ Easter lily were naturally cooled and greenhouse-forced with either constant minimum thermostat settings of 16.7 to 15.6°C or with thermostat settings lowered to 7.8 to 4.4° for 8 hours during the night to obtain a dual minimum night temperature regime. The actual greenhouse temperatures varied with outdoor temperatures. Average minimum temperatures obtained with constant and dual thermostat settings were 17.0 to 15.4° and 10.7 to 9.9°, respectively. With constant minimum temperature, 20 to 22 days less time was required to force ‘Harson’ as compared to ‘Ace’, ‘Croft’, and ‘Nellie White’. Dual night temperatures delayed flowering of the cultivars tested 9 to 13 days with a slight increase in flower number and a substantial increase in stem height. Although forcing time was increased with dual minimum temperatures, about 50% reduction in fuel usage was obtained.
Photoperiod and Temperature Effects on NonStop Tuberous Begonias1
Authors: Fonteno W. C. , Larson R. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Extended long days or interrupted night photoperiods increased leaf number and top fresh weight, and decreased tuber formation compared with short days with 2 cultivars of the “NonStop” series of tuberous begonia (Begonia X tuberhybrida Voss). Short days increased tuber size and fresh weight and reduced top fresh weight of both cultivars. ‘Double Red’ showed greater leaf number, top fresh weight, tuber fresh weight, and tuber size at 22°C than at 26°, while ‘Double Orange’ showed only greater top fresh weight at 22°. Flowering was enhanced in both cultivars under long days.
Gibberellic Acid Promotes Flower Bud Opening on Detached Flower Stalks of Statice (Limonium sinuatum L.)1
Authors: Steinitz Benjamin , Cohen Avner 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flower bud opening in excised stalks of Limonium sinuatum was promoted by gibberellic acid (GA3) solutions, but bud opening was not stimulated when GA3 was applied to buds only. Feeding detached stalks with sucrose neither increased flower bud opening nor changed the stimulating effect of GA3.
Postharvest Effects of Dark Storage, Light Duration, and Source on Keeping Quality of Ficus benjamina L.1
Authors: Collins P. C. , Blessington T. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina was stored in the dark for 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 days and then held in a simulated interior environment (SIE) for 12 weeks under 6, 12, or 24 hours/day light duration of either incandescent (INC) or Cool White fluorescent (CWF) lamps at 20 μE m−2s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Leaf drop was less and plant grade was higher with shorter dark storage periods. Plants lighted for 24 hours/day had less leaf drop and better plant grade than those lighted for shorter durations. Chlorophyll content was greater as light duration increased for plants held under CWF lamps. Plants lighted for 6 hr/day under INC lamps had the lowest chlorophyll content after 12 weeks in the SIE.
Light-induced Basal Branching of Dracaena marginata1
Authors: Donselman Henry , Broschat Timothy K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dracaena marginata Lam., grown continuously in full sun, produced an average of 4.3 basal branches per plant, while plants grown under 50% shade produced no basal branches. Acclimatized plants with a maximum number of shoots can be produced in 20-liter containers in 12 months by growing in full sun for 9 months to induce basal branching followed by 3 months in 50% shade for acclimatization.
Anatomical Aspects of Fluoride Foliar Necrosis of Cordyline1
Authors: Elliott Mark , McConnell D. B. , Poole R. T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ten-node terminal cuttings of Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth ‘Baby Doll’ were placed in solutions of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/liter F (from NH4FHF) and placed in growth chambers for 6 days at 18, 24, or 29°C. Increasing temperature and F concentration increased leaf damage. Damage ratings at 3 ppm were over 4 times greater at 29° than at 18°. Mesophyll collapse occurred only after severe epidermal collapse and chloroplast degeneration.
Diclofop for Goosegrass Control in Bermudagrass Putting Greens1
Authors: Murdoch C. L. , Nishimoto R. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Diclofop (2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoic acid) caused little to no injury to common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] mowed twice weekly at 1.6-2.0 cm at rates of 0.56,1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg/ha or to ‘Tifdwarf’ bermadagrass Cyndon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey, mowed daily at 0.5 cm at rates of 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha. Diclofop at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha gave good control of mature goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] in ‘TifdwarP turf mowed daily at 0.5 cm, but resulted in inadequate control at 4.48 kg/ha in common bermudagrass turf mowed twice weekly at 1.6 or 2.0 cm.
Effects of Irrigation Systems, Gibberellic Acid, and Photoperiod on Seed Germination of Kalmia latifolia L. and Rhododendron maximum L.1
Authors: Duncan Patricia J. , Bilderback T. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Freshly harvested, unstratified seeds of K. latifolia and R. maximum were treated with GA3 for 36 hours at concentrations of 0, 50, 200, and 1000 ppm, sown in multicell flats containing 3 bark: 1 sand medium (v/v), grown for 21 days in a greenhouse under 10-hour and 24-hour photoperiods and irrigated by mat, intermittent mist, or hand-sprinkling. Average germination was 79.8% for K. latifolia and 79.2% for R. maximum. Seed germination of K. latifolia was 90% under intermittent mist and 24-hour photoperiods. R. maximum germination was highest under intermittent mist watering (88%) with no difference between 10-hour and 24-hour photoperiods. Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment had no effect on germination in either species.
Effect of Ethephon on Carrots1
Authors: Furutani S. C. , Zandstra B. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Field application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), to carrots (Daucus carota L. cvs. Spartan Bonus and Spartan Fancy) at 136 g/ha in 1979 and at 92, 136, and 364 g/ha in 1980, reduced leaf lengths of ‘Spartan Bonus’ by 20% and ‘Spartan Fancy’ by 11%. ‘Spartan Bonus’ yield increased 17% in 1979 and 37% in 1980 with applications of ethephon, but ‘Spartan Fancy’ yield was unaffected.
Heat Adaptability of the Tomato1
Authors: Shen Zheng-Yan , Li Paul H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Leaf heat tolerances of ‘Saladette’ (heat tolerant) and ‘UC-82B’ (less heat tolerant) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) were evaluated after heat acclimation. When plants of both genotypes were grown in a temperature regime below 30°C, there was no difference in heat tolerance. When plants of both genotypes were exposed to a temperature regime of 35° (day/night), ‘UC-82B’ could reach a higher level of heat tolerance, similar to ‘Saladette,’ but ‘UC-82B’ required 6 cycles of high temperature exposure, whereas ‘Saladette’ needed only a single cycle.
The Effect of Maleic Hydrazide Salts on Quality and Bulb Tissue Residues of Stored ‘Yellow Sweet Spanish’ Onions1
Authors: Stallknecht G. F. , Garrison J. , Walz A. J. , Simpson W. R. , Thornberg C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Diethanolamine and potassium salts of maleic hydrazide (MH) were applied to plants of ‘Yellow Sweet Spanish’ onion (Allium cepa L.) exhibiting maturity ratings of 0, 25, 50, and 100% green tops down. The K formulation of MH was equal to the diethanolamine formulation in sprout control of onions in storage. Lower application rates resulted in lower bulb residues; however, there were no consistent differences in bulb residues among the maturity treatments. Concentrations of MH were lowest in mature outer scales. Maleic hydrazide applications significantly reduced sprouting during storage, had no effect on the percentage of bulbs with storage rot, and reduced respiration rates and weight loss of bulbs stored at 10°C, but had no effect on respiration rate and only slightly reduced weight loss of bulbs stored at 4°. Root growth occurred on nontreated bulbs at both 4 and 10°, while root development was inhibited in MH-treated onions.
Water-soluble Calcium in Ca-efficient and Ca-inefficient Tomato Strains1
Authors: English Jean E. , Barker Allen V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of 5 strains of tomato (Lycopersicon spp.) were grown in low-Ca nutrient solutions in a greenhouse for 4 weeks in order to determine whether Ca-efficient and inefficient strains differed in concentrations of water-soluble Ca. Aqueous extracts from dried tissues of efficient strains were lower in percent of Ca and in electrical conductivity than were extracts from inefficient strains. Efficient strains may suffer less than inefficient strains from precipitation or displacement of Ca from functional sites in tissues by other ions.
Resistance of Sweet Potato Lines to the Sweetpotato Weevil1
Authors: Mullen M. A. , Jones Alfred , Paterson D. R. , Boswell T. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Out of 38 lines of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] which had demonstrated some resistance in laboratory tests to the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), 13 lines had significant levels of resistance, based on weevil free yield in artificially infested fields in Yoakum, Texas. Two lines, W 125 and W 119, previously released as having weevil resistance, maintained a high level of resistance.
A Rapid and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Assaying Polygalacturonase Using 2-Cyanoacetamide1
Authors: Gross Kenneth C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A new assay for nanomole amounts of reducing sugar using 2-cyanoacetamide has been modified and adapted to assay for exo- and endo-polygalacturonase in fruit extracts of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Heinz 1350) with increased sensitivity (140%) and simplicity over currently used methods. Linearity was observed with galacturonic acid as a standard up to 250 nmol; the lower limit of detection was 1 nmol. Polygalacturonase product formation was linear for 3 hours and was proportional to the amount of enzyme in the reaction. Thin-layer chromatography of reaction products revealed a range of uronic acid oligosaccharides as well as galacturonic acid. Thus, both exo- and endo-polygalacturonase were active in the extracts.
Resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus-induced Blotchy Ripening in Greenhouse Tomato Hybrids1
Authors: Mokhtar A. Mahir , Lambeth V. N. , Sehgal O. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Germplasm sources for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus-induced blotchy ripening of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were tested in hybrid combinations using a virus strain belonging to Pelham Group I. Breeding lines possessing Tm-2 or Tm-2a genes contributed high tolerance against TMV infection based on both leaf and fruit symptoms. ‘Perou 2’ (Tm-2), Ohio MR-13 (Tm-2a), and Ohio MR-12 (Tm-2a) and hybrids involving these lines were tolerant to the virus. Significant dominance for tolerance was observed in most hybrids heterozygous at the Tm-2 or Tm-2a locus. Tm-1 gene sources were not very effective in controlling blotchiness.
Effects of Growth Regulators on Ripening and Abscission of Pimiento and Paprika Peppers1, 2
Authors: Batal K. M. , Granberry D. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ripening of pimiento and paprika peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), tested at 2 locations, was accelerated by (2-choroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) when applied close to normal fruit maturity. Potential chemical ripeners of Buckman Laboratories, BL-2142 (Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)-ethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride]) and BL-2143 (Poly[hydroxyethylene(dimethylimino)-ethylene(dimethylimino)methylene dichloride]) slightly enhanced ripening of pimiento, but had little or no effect on paprika. Ethephon (1500 to 3000 ppm) applications induced defoliation and fruit abscission in pimiento and paprika, especially at later stages of fruit development. Extractable red color of dehydrated paprika was improved by ethephon and BL-2143 at 1000 mg/liter.
Response of ‘McFarlin’ Cranberry to Nitrogen Sprays1
Authors: Shawa A. Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two nitrogen formulations, urea and ammonium sulfate, were applied as aqueous sprays to ‘McFarlin’ cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ait.) vines at the rate of 0, 1.12, 2.24, 3.36, 4.48, and 5.60 kg N/ha at 5,50, and 80% bloom. Urea applied 3 times during bloom at 4.48 kg N/ha increased yield. The nitrogen treatments had no significant effect on soluble solids, pH, or fruit breakdown.
Evaluation of (2-Chloroethyl)methylbis (phenylmethoxy)silane (CGA-15281) as a Chemical Fruit Abscising Agent for Olive Using Detached Shoots1
Authors: Sun Fu-Zeng , Martin George C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
CGA-15281 was tested using an in vitro laboratory system with fruit-bearing shoots of ‘Manzanillo’ olive (Olea europeae L.). Foliar sprays produced greater fruit abscission and lower leaf abscission than stem feeding. Maximal fruit abscission with the least leaf abscission occurred at a concentration of 600 ppm, 23 to 25°C, and pH 7.
Resistance in Fragaria chiloensis and F. X ananassa to the Aphids Chaetosiphon fragaefolii and C. thomasi1
Authors: Crock John E. , Shanks Carl H. , Barritt Bruce H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nine commercial strawberry cultivars (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) and 557 clones of wild F. chiloensis (L.) Duch. from the Pacific coast of the United States were tested in the field for resistance to strawberry aphids (Chaetosiphon spp.). No cultivar was highly resistant but ‘Benton’ consistently supported fewer aphids than the other cultivars. In the first evaluation year, 29 clones of F. chiloensis had fewer aphids than the highly resistant ‘Del Norte’ clone of F. chiloensis on 5 sampling dates, although the differences were not statistically significant but in the second year, only 1 clone, RCP-37, had fewer aphids than ‘Del Norte’.
The Influence of Leaching on Cold-hardiness of Peach and Apple Flower Buds1
Authors: Washmon Monica , Smith Michael W. , Barefoot A. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flower buds of peach (Prunus persica Batsch) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leached with water for 6 hours were less cold-hardy than nonleached buds. Buds which were leached with water for 16 hours and then dried for 0 to 16 hours were equally damaged by freezing; however, their moisture content decreased as drying time increased. Cold-hardiness was reduced rapidly during the first 3 hours of leaching, then loss of hardiness slowed and remained nearly constant through up to 48 hours of leaching. Loss of hardiness appears to be closely associated with leaching of water-soluble compounds from the flower bud, a loss which reduces the bud's ability to supercool.
Use of Dips Containing Diphenylamine and Edible Oils to Reduce Soft Scald of Apples1
Authors: Wills R. B. H. , Scott K. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For the control of soft scald of ‘Jonathan’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), a dip containing both diphenylamine and a vegetable oil was generally more effective and was considered to be more desirable than the use of either compound alone.
Antitranspirant Increases Alsol Effectiveness as Chemical Aid for Harvesting Olive1
Authors: El-Tamzini Mohamed I. , Shaladan Mohamed S. , Niazi Zaegham M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Folicote (FC) antitranspirant at 2.5 or 5% alone had no effect on olive fruit removal force (FRF) and fruit drop of olive (olea europeal L.). Alsol at 2000 and 3000 ppm decreased FRF by 47 and 57%, and resulted in 55 and 66% fruit drop, respectively, when sprayed alone. However, when FC was mixed with alsol, significantly lower FRF and higher fruit drop resulted. Mixtures of 3000 ppm alsol plus 2.5% FC had effects similar to those of 2000 ppm alsol plus 5% FC. Mixing FC with alsol increased the effectiveness of alsol under relatively unfavorable weather conditions, compared to alsol alone.
Calcium Reduces Defoliation Induced by 2-Chloroethyl-Tris-(2-Methoxyethoxy) Silane in Olive1
Authors: El-Tamzini Mohamed I. , Niazi Zaegham M. , Shaladan Mohamed S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
2-Chloroethyl-tris-(2-methoxyethoxy) silane (alsol) at 2000 and 3000 ppm sprayed on ‘Anduri’ olive trees (Olea europaea L.) increased fruit drop but resulted in excessive defoliation. Calcium (0.4%) applied as calcium acetate reduced defoliation induced by alsol (2000 ppm and higher). However, calcium should be applied at least 2 weeks before alsol application to avoid a marked reduction in fruit harvest. Alsol concentrations higher than 2000 ppm increased defoliation with little or no additional fruit drop. Calcium acetate was more effective in controlling defoliation than calcium citrate. Calcium did not reduce defoliation when alsol concentration was higher than 2500 ppm.
Growth of Mechanically Planted Nectarines Planted at Various Depths1
Authors: Lyons C. G. , Yoder K. S. , Byers R. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-budded trees of nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] that were mechanically planted with the bud union as a depth guide resulted in poorer growth when compared to those planted with the crown roots within 5 cm of the surface. Deeper-planted trees had smaller leaves and less total increase in trunk cross-sectional area, and were more susceptible to the formation of air pockets around their bases.
Shoot Length and Previous Fruiting Affect Subsequent Growth and Nut Production of ‘Moneymaker’ Pecan1
Authors: Malstrom Howard L. , McMeans Jack L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Growth and flower and nut production were monitored in shoots of mature ‘Moneymaker’ pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] trees for 3 years in Georgia. Highest yield per tree was found when 60% of the shoots were in a 7- to 18-cm range. Low production was due to a failure to produce pistillate flowers. Longer shoots consistently produced more flowers and retained more nuts. Shoots growing from 1-year-old wood that was previously vegetative produced 26% more flowers at bloom and 32% more nuts at harvest than those growing on former fruiting twigs. Nuts per cluster increased stepwise with shoot length. Long shoots that fruited had a markedly decreased production the following year compared to those which were vegetative. It is proposed that the combined stresses of increased cluster size and minimal leaf area per shoot increase above 30 cm length reduced reserves necessary for flower differentiation the following year.
A Comparison of Four Methods of Pecan Orchard Establishment1
Authors: Thompson T. E. , Hunter R. E. , Madden G. D. , Brown E. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effect of 4 methods of orchard establishment of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] on early production was determined: 1) by planting seed in place, 2) by transplanting 1-year-old seedlings, 3) by transplanting 3-year-old seedlings, and 4) by transplanting trees budded with ‘Wichita’ scions. Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were budded in the field at the end of the third growing season with ‘Wichita’. Both yield and trunk measurements indicated that treatment differences decreased over 10 years. Yield estimates indicate that treatment 4 would yield about 340-560 kg/ha more during the first 10 years than any of the other treatments. The first 3 treatments differed little in tree development and yield.
New Fungicides for the Postharvest Control of Stem-end-rot in Texas Grapefruit1
Authors: Burger David W. , Davis R. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit of ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were treated postharvest with sodium-o-phenylphenate (SOPP), benomyl, imazalil, and etaconazole and stored under ambient conditions or were treated with SOPP, imazalil, and etaconazole and stored at 12°C. Imazalil and etaconazole were as effective as benomyl under ambient conditions and were more effective than SOPP under refrigerated conditions; 85% of the stem-end-rot was caused by Phomopsis citri (Fawc).
Influence of Developing Shoots on Flowering Potential of Dormant Buds of Actinidia chinensis1
Authors: Grant Joseph A. , Ryugo K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Buds along dormant canes of kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch. cv. Hayward) vines are potentially 100% reproductive. Flowering potential declines sharply at budbreak under the influence of actively growing shoots.
Oregon 11 Early Parthenocarpic Tomato Breeding Line1
Authors: Baggett James R. , Frazier W. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Oregon 11 is an extremely early tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) of small to medium size that has a strong tendency for parthenocarpic fruit set under cool summer conditions. Oregon 11 flowers early and sets fruit under the cool conditions encountered in western Oregon. It was released for breeding purposes and trial in home gardens, where it may be useful in providing ripe fruit before larger, higher quality cultivars begin to ripen.