bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promises and Pitfalls of Algorithm Use by State Authorities
Authors: Haeri Maryam Amir , Hartmann Kathrin , Sirsch Jürgen , Wenzelburger Georg , Zweig Katharina A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlgorithmic systems are increasingly used by state agencies to inform decisions about humans. They produce scores on risks of recidivism in criminal justice, indicate the probability for a job seeker to find a job in the labor market, or calculate whether an applicant should get access to a certain university program. In this contribution, we take an interdisciplinary perspective, provide a bird’s eye view of the different key decisions that are to be taken when state actors decide to use an algorithmic system, and illustrate these decisions with empirical examples from case studies. Building on these insights, we discuss the main pitfalls and promises of the use of algorithmic system by the state and focus on four levels: The most basic question whether an algorithmic system should be used at all, the regulation and governance of the system, issues of algorithm design, and, finally, questions related to the implementation of the system on the ground and the human–machine-interaction that comes with it. Based on our assessment of the advantages and challenges that arise at each of these levels, we propose a set of crucial questions to be asked when such intricate matters are addressed.
TiO2/spacer succinate films grafted onto nylon as a new approach to develop self-cleaning textile fibers that remove stains: a promising way to reduce reliance on cleaning water
Authors: Mejia M. I. , Mosquera-Pretelt J. , Marín J. M. , Pulgarín C. , Kiwi J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuccinic acid was used as a spacer to bind titanium dioxide onto nylon as a new approach to develop self-cleaning fibers. Photoinduced decomposition of stains was achieved within acceptable times under ultraviolet A irradiation, a component of both solar light and indoor lamps spectrum. The surface properties of this innovative film were determined by scanning electron microscopy, electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The self-cleaning process was evaluated by analyzing the discoloration of coffee and palm oil stains by ultraviolet/visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy and mineralization via CO2 evolution, recorded using an infrared sensor. The results indicate that grafting TiO2 onto nylon, a synthetic fiber, using succinic acid is a successful chemical binding method, leading to a new self-cleaning material for stain discoloration. This new material is a promising solution to save water and reduce wastewater generated by the use of conventional substances used in textile cleaning.
Two dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with spatial white noise potential and fourth order nonlinearity
Authors: Tzvetkov N. , Visciglia N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider NLS on $$\mathbb {T}^2$$

T

2

with multiplicative spatial white noise and nonlinearity between cubic and quartic. We prove global existence, uniqueness and convergence almost surely of solutions to a family of properly regularized and renormalized approximating equations. In particular we extend a previous result by A. Debussche and H. Weber available in the cubic and sub-cubic setting.
Successful School Interventions for Students with Disability During Covid-19: Empirical Evidence from Australia
Authors: Smith Catherine , Tani Massimiliano , Yates Sophie , Dickinson Helen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChildren and young people with disability are a “vulnerable” population within a pandemic context as they face structural inequities and discrimination as a result of their impairments. In this paper, we report research that sought to examine the learning experiences of children and young people with disability during the COVID-19 pandemic. We wanted to understand how this group fared and whether different interventions impacted on these experiences. Data were collected from an online survey organized by Children and Young People with Disability Australia (CYDA) that garnered responses from more than 700 families. The study contributes empirical evidence to the growing literature about COVID-19-related impacts on learners already recognized as experiencing multiple disadvantages in schooling. We find some significant gaps in supports offered to students with disability and their families. Notwithstanding that some students did not receive any support from their schools, where supports were offered, social supports had the greatest positive impact on feelings of learner engagement. Our findings support key propositions in the social and emotional learning literature, namely that particular resourcing should be dedicated to social interaction and feelings of belonging as these are crucial to learners engaging in learning processes. There are clear implications of these findings in terms of what educational institutions might do to help engage students with disability in remote learning.
An automated water dispensing system for controlling fires in coal yards
Authors: Jayasuriya Jeevan , Moser Irene , de Mel Ravi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn spite of recent moves to wean the world of fossil fuels, coal remains the main source of power in many countries. Coal yards are prone to spontaneous ignition, a problem faced in every country that stores or transports coal. Depending on the environment-temperature, ventilation, and the rank of the coal-heating and self-ignition can be a longer or shorter process, but the possibility can never be entirely dismissed. A plethora of studies have modelled this oxidation behavior and proposed countermeasures. Most often, human intervention is necessary, which is both slow and dangerous for the firefighters involved. In this study, we propose to build a complete firefighting solution which is mounted on a number of towers sufficient to cover the area of an open coal yard, complete with redundancy. Each tower includes an inexpensive infrared detector, a water dispenser and a controller programmed to identify areas of elevated temperature, and actuate the dispenser. The heat direction algorithm calculates the parameters to position the water dispenser so that it covers the area. A prototype has been built from inexpensive components to demonstrate the effectiveness at detecting and extinguishing arising fires, and a solution has been costed for the coal yard in the case study. This work has been conducted in collaboration with the managers of the coal yard of a power plant.
Cisternal irrigation and clot removal to prevent vasospasm and poor outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Florez-Perdomo William , Mishra Rakesh , García-Ballestas Ezequiel , Lozada-Martínez Ivan David , Quiñones-Ossa Gabriel Alexander , Joaquim Andrei , Agrawal Amit , Janjua Tariq , Rahman Sabrina , Suarez-Causado Amileth , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cerebral vasospasm is the most common factor contributing to morbidity and poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, second only to rebleeding. Most of current evidence assessed the role of vasodilator effect of the irrigating fluid, and the evidence on effects of cisternal irrigation and clots is currently scarce.

Method:
According to PRISMA guidelines, determined databases were searched for studies and a meta-analysis was performed. Studies included had to meet the established criteria. The statistical analysis was carried out to obtain relative risk with the Mantel-Haenszel methodology for dichotomous variables.

Results:
After screening and thorough review, five articles were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. (n = 621) participants included in this study with n = 472 for the irrigation group and n = 149 for the non-irrigation group. The mean age of the patients was 59.5 years (age range 27–91 years), with 33.5% male and 66.5% female patients. Cisternal irrigation and clot removal reduce vasospasm (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.22–0.95) and poor outcome (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.25–0.65).

Conclusions:
Irrigation of cisterns and aggressive clot removal is a safe and effective procedure in preventing vasospasm and poor outcome in aSAH patients. No significant differences in hemorrhagic, ischemic, and infectious complications with cisternal irrigation and clot removal were reported. Removal of blood clots increases clot clearance and reduces the risk of the development of post-aneurysmal hydrocephalus.

Highlights
Deep Neural Networks for Creating Reliable PmP Database With a Case Study in Southern California
Authors: Ding Wen , Li Tianjue , Yang Xu , Ren Kui , Tong Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent progresses in artificial intelligence and machine learning make it possible to automatically identify seismic phases from exponentially growing seismic data. Despite some exciting successes in automatic picking of the first P‐ and S‐wave arrivals, auto‐identification of later seismic phases such as the Moho‐reflected PmP waves remains a significant challenge in matching the performance of experienced analysts. The main difficulty of machine‐identifying PmP waves is that the identifiable PmP waves are rare, making the problem of identifying the PmP waves from a massive seismic database inherently unbalanced. In this work, by utilizing a high‐quality PmP data set (10,192 manual picks) in southern California, we develop PmPNet, a deep‐neural‐network‐based algorithm to automatically identify PmP waves efficiently; by doing so, we accelerate the process of identifying the PmP waves. PmPNet applies similar techniques in the machine learning community to address the unbalancement of PmP datasets. The architecture of PmPNet is a residual neural network (ResNet)‐autoencoder with additional predictor block, where encoder, decoder, and predictor are equipped with ResNet connection. We conduct systematic research with field data, concluding that PmPNet can efficiently achieve high precision and high recall simultaneously to automatically identify PmP waves from a massive seismic database. Applying the pre‐trained PmPNet to the seismic database from January 1990 to December 1999 in southern California, we obtain nearly twice more PmP picks than the original PmP data set, providing valuable data for other studies such as mapping the topography of the Moho discontinuity and imaging the lower crust structures of southern California.
Global Changes in Terrestrial Vegetation and Continental Climate During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Korasidis Vera A. , Wing Scott L. , Shields Christine A. , Kiehl Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost studies of the response of terrestrial vegetation to climate change during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) have focused on individual sites and sections. To get a broader perspective we compiled published records of terrestrial pollen and spores across the Paleocene‐Eocene transition at 38 sites around the globe. For the 10 sites with quantitative data PETM palynofloras were largely distinct in composition from those in the latest Paleocene or post‐PETM early Eocene. We also inferred paleoclimatic conditions at each site from the distributions of nearest living relatives (NLRs) of fossil pollen taxa among present‐day Köppen climate types. The NLRs of Paleocene high‐paleolatitude palynotaxa are most diverse in cooler climates, whereas the NLRs of PETM taxa are more diverse in warmer, wetter climates. At middle‐paleolatitudes NLRs of Paleocene palynotaxa are most diverse in warm, wet climates, whereas NLRs of PETM palynotaxa are most diverse in warm, seasonally dry climates. In the tropics there is little change from Paleocene to PETM in the climate distributions of NLRs. We compared changes in paleoclimate reconstructed from the Köppen distributions of the NLRs with those simulated from the Community Earth System Model (version CESM1.2). Paleoclimatic changes during the PETM inferred from palynological proxies are mostly consistent with modeled climate changes, including the expansion of temperate climates at the expense of cold climate types at high‐paleolatitudes and the expansion of temperate and tropical climates in middle‐paleolatitudes. Despite this concordance, modeled winter temperatures in continental interiors and high‐paleolatitudes remain colder than those reconstructed from NLR distributions.
The effect of intranasal insulin on appetite and mood in women with and without obesity: an experimental medicine study
Authors: Schneider Elizabeth , Spetter Maartje S. , Martin Elizabeth , Sapey Elizabeth , Yip Kay Por , Manolopoulos Konstantinos N. , Tahrani Abd A. , Thomas Jason M. , Lee Michelle , Hallschmid Manfred , Rotshtein Pia , Dourish Colin T. , Higgs Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Intranasal (IN) administration of insulin decreases appetite in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear, and it is unknown whether IN insulin affects the food intake of women with obesity.

Subjects/Methods
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, participants (35 lean women and 17 women with obesity) were randomized to receive 160 IU/1.6 mL of IN insulin or placebo in a counterbalanced order in the post prandial state. The effects of IN insulin on cookie intake, appetite, mood, food reward, cognition and neural activity were assessed.

Results
IN insulin in the post prandial state reduced cookie intake, appetite and food reward relative to placebo and these effects were more pronounced for women with obesity compared with lean women. IN insulin also improved mood in women with obesity. In both BMI groups, IN insulin increased neural activity in the insula when viewing food pictures. IN insulin did not affect cognitive function.

Conclusions
These results suggest that IN insulin decreases palatable food intake when satiated by reducing food reward and that women with obesity may be more sensitive to this effect than lean women. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of IN insulin for weight management in women with obesity is warranted.
Angiotensin II related glial cell activation and necroptosis of retinal ganglion cells after systemic hypotension in glaucoma
Authors: Jeon Soo Ji , Huh Jungbin , Jeong Eojin , Park Chan Kee , Park Hae Young Lopilly 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to design an animal model mimicking glaucoma with hemodynamic instability and to identify involvement of angiotensin II (AngII) and associated changes of the retina. Systemic hypotension was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by oral hydrochlorothiazide administration. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12-week time points. AngII and receptor levels were examined in the serum and retina. To examine the relationship between glia activation and associated RGC death, biochemical analysis of GFAP, Iba-1, and necroptosis associated factors such as TNFα, receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 1, 3, and inactive caspase 8 were explored. To investigate the difference in RGC death mechanism, JNK inhibitor or RIP3 inhibitor were given intraperitoneally to rats with ocular hypertension and systemic hypotension both to identify the pathway mainly involved. AngII and receptors were increased in the serum and retina of systemic hypotensive rat. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after hypotension induction, glial activation was increased as indicated by GFAP and Iba-1 staining. TNFα, RIP3 were elevated. and downregulation of inactive caspase 8 was apparent in the retina of hypotensive rat. Electron microscopy revealed that necroptosis of RGC was gradually increased after systemic hypotension. Following intraperitoneal JNK inhibitor or RIP3 inhibitor administration, RGC loss was attenuated in systemic hypotensive rats but not in ocular hypertensive rats. In conclusion, AngII is involved in glial activation and associated RGC necroptosis following systemic hypotension. This pathway represents a novel and distinct cell death mechanism when compared to that involved in elevated intraocular pressure.
Simvastatin rescues memory and granule cell maturation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tong Xin-Kang , Royea Jessika , Hamel Edith 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe previously showed that simvastatin (SV) restored memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) concomitantly with normalization in protein levels of memory-related immediate early genes in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Here, we investigated age-related changes in the hippocampal memory pathway, and whether the beneficial effects of SV could be related to enhanced neurogenesis and signaling in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. APP mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls showed comparable number of proliferating (Ki67-positive nuclei) and immature (doublecortin (DCX)-positive) granule cells in the dentate gyrus until 3 months of age. At 4 months, Ki67 or DCX positive cells decreased sharply and remained less numerous until the endpoint (6 months) in both SV-treated and untreated APP mice. In 6 month-old APP mice, dendritic extensions of DCX immature neurons in the molecular layer were shorter, a deficit fully normalized by SV. Similarly, whereas mature granule cells (calbindin-immunopositive) were decreased in APP mice and not restored by SV, their dendritic arborizations were normalized to control levels by SV treatment. SV increased Prox1 protein levels (↑67.7%,p < 0.01), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling target, while significantly decreasing (↓61.2%,p < 0.05) the upregulated levels of the β-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 seen in APP mice. In APP mice, SV benefits were recapitulated by treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin specific agonist WAY-262611, whereas they were fully abolished in mice that received the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939 during the last month of SV treatment. Our results indicate that activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway through downregulation of DKK1 underlies SV neuronal and cognitive benefits.
ΔNp63α promotes Bortezomib resistance via the CYGB–ROS axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zhang Caiyun , Song Xianmin , Zhang Dadong , Zhu Minhui , Zheng Hongliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, proved potent in the treatment of recurrent multiple myeloma or mantle cell lymphoma. However, slow progress was made when it was applied to treat solid tumors. We discovered that different head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines had significantly different sensitivities to bortezomib, and also demonstrated that individual relatively sensitive HNSCC cell lines had fewer ΔNp63α expressions. Based on these findings, we speculated that ΔNp63α may be a key factor in the resistance of HNSCC cells to bortezomib. ΔNp63α knockdown made HNSCC more sensitive to bortezomib, while ΔNp63α overexpression made it more resistant. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of ΔNp63α-knockdown cells revealed clear alterations in the subset of genes that were associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. The gene CYGB was downregulated significantly. CHIP-seq detection showed that CYGB was the transcriptional regulatory site of ΔNp63α. CHIP-PCR showed evidence of ΔNp63α binding. The detection of the dual-luciferase reporter gene demonstrated that ΔNp63α significantly enhanced the CYGB promoter activity. Furthermore, we confirmed that CYGB plays a role in clearing excess ROS induced by bortezomib to inhibit HNSCC apoptosis. Consequently, ΔNp63α regulated the expression of CYGB in HNSCC. CYGB was the target of transcription regulation of ΔNp63α. It reduced apoptosis by clearing excess ROS produced by bortezomib, and thus exerted drug resistance.
Low-metastatic melanoma cells acquire enhanced metastatic capability via exosomal transfer of miR-199a-1-5p from highly metastatic melanoma cells
Authors: Zhao Qiting , Chen Hao , Li Xiaoshuang , Zeng Bin , Sun Zhiwei , Liu Doudou , Chen Yuting , Zhang Yuhan , Rosie Xing H. , Wang Jianyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mean survival of metastatic melanoma is less than 1 year. While the high mortality rate is associated with the efficient metastatic colonization of the involved organs, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The role of exosomes in facilitating the interactions between cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment has received increasing attention. Previous studies on the role of exosomes in metastasis have been heavily focused on cancer cell-derived exosomes in modulating the functions of stromal cells. Whether the extravasated neighboring cancer cells at the distant organ can alter the metastatic properties of one another, a new mechanism of metastatic colonization, has not been demonstrated prior to this report. In this study, a paired M4 melanoma derivative cell lines, i.e., M14-OL and POL, that we established and characterized were employed. They exhibit high (POL cells) and low (OL cells) metastatic colonization efficiency in vivo, respectively. We show that exosomal crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells is a new mechanism that underlies cancer metastasis and heterogeneity. Low metastatic melanoma cells (OL) can acquire the “metastatic power” from highly metastatic melanoma cells (POL). POL achieves this goal by utilizing its exosomes to deliver functional miRNAs, such as miR-199a-1-5p, to the targeted OL cell which in turn inactivates cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1B and augments metastatic colonization.
HECTD3 promotes gastric cancer progression by mediating the polyubiquitination of c-MYC
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Zhu Qingzong , Yan Xiaomin , Ci Mingxin , Zhao Erhu , Hou Jianbing , Wan Sicheng , Lü Muhan , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD3 is homologous with the E6 related protein carboxyl terminus, which plays a vital role in biological modification, including immunoreactivity, drug resistance and apoptosis. Current research indicates that HECTD3 promotes the malignant proliferation of multiple tumors and increases drug tolerance. Our study primarily explored the important function and effects of HECTD3 in gastric cancer. Here, we discovered that HECTD3 is abnormally activated in gastric cancer, and the clinical prognosis database suggested that HECTD3 was strongly expressed in gastric cancer. Depletion of HECTD3 restrained the proliferative and clone abilities of cells and induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, our findings revealed that interaction between HECTD3 and c-MYC, and that the DOC domain of HECTD3 interacted with the CP and bHLHZ domains of c-MYC. Furthermore, we discovered that HECTD3 mediates K29-linked polyubiquitination of c-MYC. Then, our research indicated that cysteine mutation at amino acid 823 (ubiquitinase active site) of HECTD3 reduces the polyubiquitination of c-MYC. Our experimental results reveal that HECTD3 facilitates the malignant proliferation of gastric cancer by mediating K29 site-linked polyubiquitination of c-MYC. HECTD3 might become a curative marker.