bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Uneasy Hegemony
Authors: Jayasundara-Smits Shyamika 
Published: July 2022

Sri Lanka has been regarded as a model democracy among former British colonies. It was lauded for its impressive achievement in terms of human development indicators. However, Sri Lanka's modern history can also be read as a tragic story of inter-ethnic inequalities and tensions, resulting in years of violent conflicts. Two long spells of anti-state youth uprisings were followed by nearly three decades of civil war, and most recently a renewed upsurge of events are examples of the on-going uneasy project of state-building. This book discusses that state-building in Sri Lanka is centred on the struggle for hegemony amidst a kind of politics that rejects individual and group equality, opposes the social integration of marginalised groups and appeals to narrow, fearful and xenophobic tendencies among the majority population and minorities alike. It answers the pressing questions of - How do the dynamics of intra-Sinhalese class relations and Sinhalese politics influence the trajectories of post-colonial state-building? What tensions emerge over time, between Sinhalese hegemony-building and wider state-building? How did these tensions manifest in majority and minority relationships?
“Our job is to break that chain of infection”: Challenges environmental management services (EMS) staff face in accomplishing their critical role in infection prevention
Authors: Goedken Cassie Cunningham , McKinley Linda , Balkenende Erin , Hockett Sherlock Stacey , Knobloch Mary Jo , Perencevich Eli N. , Safdar Nasia , Reisinger Heather Schacht 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Contaminated surfaces in healthcare settings contribute to the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Adequate environmental cleaning is important for preventing the transmission of important pathogens and reducing healthcare-associated infections. However, effective cleaning practices vary considerably. We examined environmental management services (EMS) staff experiences and perceptions surrounding environmental cleaning to describe perceived challenges and ideas to promote an effective environmental services program.

Design:
Qualitative study.

Participants:
Frontline EMS staff.

Methods:
From January to June 2019, we conducted individual semistructured interviews with key stakeholders (ie, EMS staff) at 3 facilities within the Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System. We used the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework (ie, people, environment, organization, tasks, tools) to guide this study. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content.

Results:
In total, 13 EMS staff and supervisors were interviewed. A predominant theme that emerged were the challenges EMS staff saw as hindering their ability to be effective at their jobs. EMS staff interviewed felt they understand their job requirements and are dedicated to their work; however, they described challenges related to feeling undervalued and staffing issues.

Conclusions:
EMS staff play a critical role in infection prevention in healthcare settings. However, some do not believe their role is recognized or valued by the larger healthcare team and leadership. EMS staff provided ideas for improving feelings of value and job satisfaction, including higher pay, opportunities for certifications and advancement, as well as collaboration or integration with the larger healthcare team. Healthcare organizations should focus on utilizing these suggestions to improve the EMS work climate.
Feasibility and Benefit of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis via Teleconsultation in Indonesia: A Case Study of a 40-Year-Old Schizoaffective Disorder Patient
Authors: Sutjiono Bianca , Ahmad Shafira Fawzia , Jaya Edo S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhilst Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) has been found to reduce psychotic symptoms, most evidence supporting its implementation originates from studies in Western and high-income countries. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the efficacy of CBTp conducted via teleconsultation. Herein we report an ongoing case in Indonesia involving an individual with schizoaffective disorder, who received 60 sessions of CBTp over seven months. Sessions were delivered via a combination of voice and video calls. The patient, a 40-year-old male, was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder at the age of 26. He exhibited symptoms of paranoid and religious delusions, hallucinations (auditory, visual, and somatic) and disorganised speech during our intake interview. Negative symptoms were not apparent. In the 14 years prior to our initial consultation, the patient was prescribed antipsychotics and demonstrated good adherence. He had no history of psychotherapy independent of our clinic. Treatment involved CBTp techniques, including psychoeducation, a symptom diary, relaxation, and behavioural experiments. Study outcome was assessed with Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales. Both hallucination and delusion subscale scores improved 53% from 53 at intake to 25 during an assessment administered 6 months later. Results from this study demonstrate that the CBTp is both feasible, and beneficial, when conducted via teleconsultation in Indonesia.
Hong Kong wives say no to a big family—educational pairings and fertility in Hong Kong
Authors: Sun Skylar Biyang , Zhao Xiaohang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We used the 2016 Hong Kong Census data and the diagonal reference model to investigate the effects of partners' educational pairings on fertility in Hong Kong. Our findings suggest a negative relationship between couples' educational achievements and their fertility. Moreover, males' educational attainment is more consequential of whether having children or not and both males' and females' educational attainments are determinants of the number of children to raise. In addition, the more educated a wife is relative to her husband, the less likely the couple is to have children. Once these educationally hypogamous couples have at least one child, they tend to have fewer children than their homogamous counterparts. By contrast, couples with a relatively more educated male are more likely to have children and tend to rear more children than those in educationally homogamous marriages.
INTRODUCTIONDisrupting the Status Quo:Building Equitable Access to HIV PrEP in the US through Innovative Financing
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah , Killelea Amy , Dangerfield Derek T. , Beyrer Chris , Sharfstein Joshua M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis special edition ofJLMEcenters on a novel proposal for a national PrEP access program with the potential to break through a failed status quo.
From COVID Vaccines to HIV Prevention:Pharmaceutical Financing and Distribution for the Public’s Health
Authors: Sharfstein Joshua M. , Conti Rena M. , Gee Rebekah E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe complexity and inefficiency of the U.S. health care system complicates the distribution of life-saving medical technologies. When the public health is at stake, however, there are alternatives. The proposal for a national PrEP program published in this issue of the Journal applies some of the lessons of the national COVID vaccine campaign to HIV prevention. In doing so, it draws on other examples of public health approaches to the financing of medical technology, from vaccines for children to hepatitis C treatment.
Opportunities and Challenges of Generic Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Drugs for HIV
Authors: Ballreich Jeromie , Levengood Timothy , Conti Rena M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAntiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is protective against HIV. Low utilization rates amongst HIV vulnerable populations are due in part to the high cost of PrEP. Generic PrEP offers the potential to improve health at significantly reduced costs. In this study, we examine early utilization patterns and prices for generic PrEP. We discuss the opportunities and challenges for generic PrEP to improve health among HIV vulnerable populations.
The Downstream Impacts of High Drug Costs for PrEP Have Hindered the Promise of HIV Prevention
Authors: Farrow Kenyon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrior to the recent introduction of generic TDF/FTC in the U.S., access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV was greatly limited due to the downstream effects of the high cost of the medication. This article argues that despite drug copay cards and patient assistance programs, the promise of drastically reduced HIV diagnoses has never been fully realized, and more policy reforms on drug pricing are needed to make ending the HIV epidemic a reality.
Normal Jews?
Authors: Stavans Ilan 
Published: July 2022

This essay reviews the following works:Migrations: Poem, 1976–2020. By Gloria Gervitz. Translated from the Spanish by Mark Schafer. New York: New York Review Books, 2021. Pp. 304. $20.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781681375700.Polacos in Argentina: Polish Jews, Interwar Migration, and the Emergence of Transatlantic Jewish Culture. By Mariusz Kałczewiak. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2020. Pp. viii + 320. $49.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780817320393.The Other/Argentina: Jews, Gender, and Sexuality in the Making of a Modern Nation. By Amy K. Kaminsky. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2021. Pp. xviii + 262. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781438483290.Competing Germanies: Nazi, Antifascist, and Jewish Theater in German Argentina, 1933–1965. By Robert Kelz. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020. Pp. 372. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781501739866.Nuestra América: My Family in the Vertigo of Translation. By Claudio Lomnitz. New York: Other Press, 2021. Pp. 464. $27.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781635420708.Nuestra América: Utopía y persistencia de una familia judía. By Claudio Lomnitz. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018. Pp. 336. $14.00 paperback. ISBN: 9786071660084.Revolutionary Visions: Jewish Life and Politics in Latin American Film. By Stephanie M. Pridgeon. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020. Pp. ix + 208. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781487508142.Armed Jews in the Americas. Edited by Raanan Rein and David M. K. Sheinin. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2021. Pp. 264. $142.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9789004462533.Family Papers: A Sephardic Journey through the Twentieth Century. By Sarah Abrevaya Stein. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019. Pp. vi + 336. $28.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780374185428.La vocación desmesurada: Una biografía de Alberto Gerchunoff. By Mónica Szurmuk. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana Editorial, 2018. Pp. 431. $23.54 paperback. ISBN: 9789500761482.Portrayals of Jews in Contemporary Argentine Cinema: Rethinking Argentinidad. By Mirna Vohnsen. Suffolk: Tamesis Books, 2019. Pp. 205. $99.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781855663374.
The green lacewingChrysopa formosaas a potential biocontrol agent for managingSpodoptera frugiperdaandSpodoptera litura
Authors: Li Yu-Yan , Wang Ya-Nan , Zhang Hong-Zhi , Zhang Mao-Sen , Wang Meng-Qing , Mao Jian-Jun , Zhang Li-Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding predator–prey interactions is essential for successful pest management by using predators, especially for the suppression of novel invasive pest. The green lacewingChrysopa formosais a promising polyphagous predator that is widely used in the biocontrol of various pests in China, but information on the control efficiency of this predator against the seriously invasive pestSpodoptera frugiperdaand nativeSpodoptera liturais limited. Here we evaluated the predation efficiency ofC.formosaadults on eggs and first- to third-instar larvae ofS.frugiperdaandS.liturathrough functional response experiments and determined the consumption capacity and prey preference of this chrysopid. Adults ofC.formosahad a high consumption of eggs and earlier instar larvae of both prey species, and displayed a type II functional response on all prey stages. Attack rates of the chrysopid on different prey stages were statistically similar, but the handling time increased notably as the prey developed. The highest predation efficiency and shortest-handling time were observed forC.formosafeeding onSpodopteraeggs, followed by the first-instar larvae.C.formosaexhibited a significant preference forS.lituraoverS.frugiperdain a two-prey system. In addition, we summarized the functional response and predation efficiency of several chrysopids against noctuid pests and made a comparison with the results obtained fromC.formosa. These results indicate thatC.formosahas potential as an agent for biological control of noctuid pests, particularly for the newly invasive pestS.frugiperdain China.
Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy
Authors: Fredona Robert 
Published: July 2022

“At the expense of anything?” rejoined Lady Carbury with energy. “One cannot measure such men by the ordinary rule.”—Anthony Trollope, The Way We Live Now (1875)Facile criticisms of Adam Tooze's new book, Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy, present themselves at once. It suffers by comparison to Tooze's masterpiece, The Wages of Destruction (2006)—easily one of the best historical works of the last two decades, a huge and original take on the economy of Nazi Germany, its geopolitics and political economy alike forged in reaction to the example of Fordist America, its war aims destined to fail because of an increasing deficit in the “balance of resources” vis-à-vis the Allies.
Verrucariaceae from Nepal
Authors: Orange Alan , Chhetri Som G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwenty-eight species of Verrucariaceae are reported from Nepal. One genus and nine species are described as new: Nesothele gen. nov., sister to Staurothele s. lat., with a crustose to squamulose thallus, hymenial algae and 4–8 colourless muriform ascospores per ascus; Nesothele glebulosa sp. nov., resembling N. rugulosa but with smaller perithecia; Thelidium uvidulum sp. nov., producing a thin thallus with soralia, prominent perithecia, and 1-septate ascospores; Verrucaria antepotens sp. nov., having a well-developed thallus with dark-sided areoles, immersed perithecia, and small ascospores 12.5–16.5 μm long; V. lactea sp. nov., resembling V. praetermissa but with larger ascospores and a strongly deviating ITS sequence; V. parvipeltata sp. nov., with brown, basally constricted areoles on an extensive dark prothallus; V. senta sp. nov., with a brown cracked thallus and prominent naked perithecia; Willeya eminens sp. nov., with prominent perithecia, and differing from W. protrudens in its ITS sequence; W. irrigata sp. nov. with a thallus cracked into dark-sided areoles, and relatively large ascospores 28.5–40 μm long; W. nepalensis sp. nov. with a cracked thallus, immersed perithecia and a distinctive ITS sequence. Three species complexes might contain new taxa, but wider geographical sampling is necessary before delimiting species: Thelidium minutulum, Verrucaria elaeomelaena and V. hydrophila. Five new combinations are made: Willeya honghensis comb. nov. (for Staurothele honghensis), Nesothele globosa comb. nov. (for Endocarpon globosum), N. hymenogonia comb. nov. (for Staurothele hymenogonia), N. rugulosa comb. nov. (for Staurothele rugulosa) and N. succedens comb. nov. (for Staurothele succedens). Four species are unidentified.
The judicial assessment of states’ action on climate change mitigation
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Supreme Court of the Netherlands construed the state’s positive human rights obligations as requiring a 25 per cent reduction of its greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared with 1990 levels. This article explores how judges can decide the level of state effort required to mitigate climate change. To date, judges have predominantly approached this issue by seeking to identify an elusive benchmark, either by deduction from global objectives or induction from state conduct. This article shows that the judicial assessment of a state’s requisite efforts inevitably relies on equity infra legem. Acknowledging this, judges could learn from the international courts’ experience with establishing clarity in the midst of vague legal rules.
Organ Trafficking: Why Do Healthcare Workers Engage in It?
Authors: Stammers Trevor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrgan trafficking in all its various forms is an international crime which could be entirely eliminated if healthcare professionals refused to participate in or be complicit with it. Types of organ trafficking are defined and principal international declarations and resolutions concerning it are discussed. The evidence for the involvement of healthcare professionals is illustrated with examples from South Africa and China. The ways in which healthcare professionals directly or indirectly perpetuate illegal organ transplantation are then considered, including lack of awareness, the paucity of both undergraduate and postgraduate education on organ trafficking, turning a blind eye, advocacy of organ commercialism, and the lure of financial gain.
Full Reciprocity: An Essential Element for a Fair Opt-Out Organ Transplantation Policy
Authors: Fleck Leonard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I argue for the following points. First, all of us have a presumptive moral obligation to be organ donors if we are in the relevant medical circumstances at the time of death. Second, family members should not have the right to interfere with the fulfillment of that obligation. Third, the ethical basis for that obligation is reciprocity. If we want a sufficient number of organs available for transplantation, then all must be willing donors. Fourth, that likelihood is diminished if individuals are entirely free to refuse to be organ donors but still would demand to be organ recipients. Fifth, although individuals would be ethically obligated to be organ donors, we still need to permit them to refuse to be organ donors. Sixth, to encourage individuals to stay within the organ donation system, we should have as a just and ethically justified policy denying individuals an organ transplant in the relevant medical circumstances if they have chosen to exit the organ donation system. Individuals would not be permitted to be organ recipients if they were unwilling to be organ donors. This is what it means to be part of what Rawls in Political liberalism (15-22) would refer to as a “fair system of social cooperation.” We refer to this as the “reciprocity requirement.”
The Duty to Protect, Abortion, and Organ Donation
Authors: Carroll Emily , Crutchfield Parker 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSome people oppose abortion on the grounds that fetuses have full moral status and thus a right to not be killed. We argue that special obligations that hold between mother and fetus also hold between parents and their children. We argue that if these special obligations necessitate the sacrifice of bodily autonomy in the case of abortion, then they also necessitate the sacrifice of bodily autonomy in the case of organ donation. If we accept the argument that it is obligatory to override a woman’s bodily autonomy for the sake of an unborn child’s survival, we must continue to override the bodily autonomy of parents to ensure the survival of their living children, until the parent no longer has a special obligation to their child to the same degree as their special obligation to the fetus. And if the life of a child is truly more important than the bodily autonomy of its parents, as must be the case to force women to carry unwanted pregnancies to term, this should remain true until such a time that their children are no longer considered their responsibility. Thus, parity of reasoning suggests that policies compelling the gestation of a fetus should be accompanied by policies compelling organ donation.
Palliative stenting of the venous duct in a premature neonate with obstructed infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: George Renelle S. , Lozier John S. , Bocks Martin L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn infracardiac, infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, all four pulmonary veins connect to a descending vertical vein that usually drains to the portal vein or one of its tributaries. Obstruction is common, and definitive treatment is surgical repair. We present a case of late-diagnosed infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a premature neonate who was too high risk for surgery and underwent palliative stenting of the venous duct. We demonstrate the feasibility of a transhepatic approach when umbilical access is no longer available.
Effect of cotton herbicide programs on weed population trajectories and frequency of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Oreja Fernando H. , Inman Matthew D. , Jordan David L. , Vann Matthew , Jennings Katherine M. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe adoption of dicamba-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars allows using dicamba to reduce weed populations across growing seasons. However, the overuse of this tool risks selecting new herbicide-resistant biotypes. The objectives of this research were to determine the population trajectories of several weed species and track the frequency of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) over 8 yr in dicamba-resistant cotton. An experiment was established in North Carolina in 2011, and during the first 4 yr, different herbicide programs were applied. These programs included postemergence applications of glyphosate, alone or with dicamba, with or without residual herbicides. During the last 4 yr, all programs received glyphosate plus dicamba. Biennial rotations of postemergence applications of glyphosate only and glyphosate plus dicamba postemergence with and without preemergence herbicides were also included. Sequential applications of glyphosate plus dicamba were applied to the entire test area for the final 4 yr of the study. No herbicide program was entirely successful in controlling the weed community. Weed population trajectories were different according to species and herbicide program, creating all possible outcomes; some increased, others decreased, and others remained stable. Density of resistant A. palmeri increased during the first 4 yr with glyphosate-only programs (up to 11,739 plants m−2) and decreased a 96% during the final 4 yr, when glyphosate plus dicamba was implemented. This species had a strong influence on population levels of other weed species in the community. Goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] was not affected by A. palmeri population levels and even increased its density in some herbicide programs, indicating that not only herbicide resistance but also reproductive rates and competitive dynamics are critical for determining weed population trajectories under intensive herbicide-based control programs. Frequency of glyphosate resistance reached a maximum of 62% after 4 yr, and those levels were maintained until the end of the experiment.