bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of left atrial appendage thrombus despite 3 weeks of anticoagulation and the need for precardioversion echocardiography
Authors: Erickson Marc , Yadav Harika , Sneij Eliea , Austin Jordan , Manyam Harish 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most catastrophic complications of Atrial fibrillation (AF) is thromboembolic stroke. Current guidelines recommend that 3 weeks of anticoagulation is adequate prior to direct current cardioversion (DCCV) to prevent thromboembolism. Here we present data regarding, which anticoagulant is most likely to show a presence of an Left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) on trans esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) for DCCV despite 3 weeks of anticoagulation.ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of both vitamin k antagonist (VKA) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in patients with AF as an anticoagulant for LAAT after 3 weeks of medication.MethodsThis is a single‐high volume tertiary center, where TEE precardioversion is the standard practice. We reviewed data over 10 months where DCCV was intended on individuals with AF who were fully anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks with either a VKA or taking a DOAC.ResultsThe data showed a statistical difference between patients who were fully anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks with VKA in comparison to DOACs. Patients on DOACs are significantly less likely to have an LAAT after at least 3 weeks of anticoagulation. OR = 0.04 (CI 95% 0.005–0.42; p‐value < .05). Despite anticoagulation for at least 3 weeks, 40% of our patients still had a LAAT.ConclusionOur data indicates that all patients should be required to undergo a TEE prior to DCCV. This data also adds to the current evidence and supports the use of DOAC in AF to prevent LAAT.
How they walk the talk: Responsible management education in Finnish business schools
Authors: Aaltonen Valtteri , Siltaoja Marjo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResponsible management education (RME) has become a common initiative in the educational discourse of business schools worldwide. However, little is known about how (non‐)engagement with RME in the past influenced the way RME is organised today. We examine this in one of the pioneering countries of RME, Finland, using extensive qualitative research materials. Our results suggest that RME has been embedded with authenticity‐driven change (local context and research) since the 1990s. In the late 2000s after the legal educational reforms implemented in Finland, the prestige‐driven change (accreditations) began to shape the embedding of RME. In the 2020s, both the authenticity‐ and prestige‐driven changes with vertical and horizontal RME, respectively, often appear as hybrids. This article discusses both the weaknesses and strengths of these approaches in embedding RME.
Differences in body mass index trajectories of adolescent psychiatric inpatients by sex, age, diagnosis and medication: an exploratory longitudinal, mixed effects analysis
Authors: Anthony Justine , Johnson William , Papathomas Anthony , Breen Kieran , Kinnafick Florence‐Emilie 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAdolescents in secure psychiatric care typically report high obesity rates. However, longitudinal research exploring the rate and extent of change is sparse. This study aimed to analyse sex differences in longitudinal body mass index (BMI) change for adolescents receiving treatment in a secure psychiatric hospital.MethodsThe sample comprised 670 adolescents in secure psychiatric care. BMI trajectories from admission to 50 months of hospitalisation were produced using sex‐stratified multilevel models. Systematic difference in mean BMI trajectories according to age at admission (14, 15, 16, or 17 years), medication (Olanzapine or Sodium Valproate), and primary diagnosis (Psychotic, non‐Psychotic or Functional/behavioural disorders) were investigated.ResultsTogether, males and females experienced a mean BMI increase of 2.22 m/kg2 over the 50‐month period. For females, BMI increased from 25.69 m/kg2 to 30.31 m/kg2, and for males, reduced from 25.01 m/kg2 to 23.95 m/kg2. From 30 to 50 months, a plateau was observed for females and a reduction in BMI observed for males. Psychotic disorders in males (β 3.87; CI 1.1–6.7) were associated with the greatest rate of BMI change. For medication, Olanzapine in females was associated with the greatest rate of change (β1.78; CI −.89–4.47).ConclusionsThis is the first longitudinal study exploring longitudinal BMI change for adolescent inpatients. Results highlight that individual differences in adolescent inpatients result in differing levels of risk to weight gain in secure care. Specifically, males with psychotic disorders and females taking Olanzapine present the greatest risk of weight gain. This has implications for the prioritisation of interventions for those most at risk of weight gain.
Genetics of non‐isolated hemivertebra: A systematic review of fetal, neonatal, and infant cases
Authors: Powel Jennifer E. , Sham Catherine E. , Spiliopoulos Michail , Ferreira Carlos R. , Rosenthal Emily , Sinkovskaya Elena S. , Brown Shannon , Jelin Angie C. , Al‐Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHemivertebra is a congenital vertebral malformation caused by unilateral failure of formation during embryogenesis that may be associated with additional abnormalities. A systematic review was conducted to investigate genetic etiologies of non‐isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, and infant periods using PubMed, Cochrane database, Ovid Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through May 2022 (PROSPERO ID CRD42021229576). The Human Phenotype Ontology database was accessed May 2022. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they addressed non‐isolated hemivertebra or genetic causes of non‐isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, or infant periods. Cases diagnosed clinically without molecular confirmation were included. Systematic review identified 23 cases of non‐isolated hemivertebra with karyotypic abnormalities, 2 cases due to microdeletions, 59 cases attributed to single gene disorders, 18 syndromic cases without known genetic etiology, and 14 cases without a known syndromic association. The Human Phenotype Ontology search identified 49 genes associated with hemivertebra. Non‐isolated hemivertebra is associated with a diverse spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities and single gene disorders. Genetic syndromes were notably common. Frequently affected organ systems include musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and facial dysmorphisms. When non‐isolated hemivertebra is identified on prenatal ultrasound, the fetus must be assessed for associated anomalies and genetic counseling is recommended.
Subcortical and hippocampal brain segmentation in 5‐year‐old children: Validation of FSL‐FIRST and FreeSurfer against manual segmentation
Authors: Lidauer Kristian , Pulli Elmo P. , Copeland Anni , Silver Eero , Kumpulainen Venla , Hashempour Niloofar , Merisaari Harri , Saunavaara Jani , Parkkola Riitta , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Saukko Ekaterina , Nolvi Saara , Kataja Eeva‐Leena , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Tuulari Jetro J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeveloping accurate subcortical volumetric quantification tools is crucial for neurodevelopmental studies, as they could reduce the need for challenging and time‐consuming manual segmentation. In this study, the accuracy of two automated segmentation tools, FSL‐FIRST (with three different boundary correction settings) and FreeSurfer, were compared against manual segmentation of the hippocampus and subcortical nuclei, including the amygdala, thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate and nucleus accumbens, using volumetric and correlation analyses in 80 5‐year‐olds.Both FSL‐FIRST and FreeSurfer overestimated the volume on all structures except the caudate, and the accuracy varied depending on the structure. Small structures such as the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, which are visually difficult to distinguish, produced significant overestimations and weaker correlations with all automated methods. Larger and more readily distinguishable structures such as the caudate and putamen produced notably lower overestimations and stronger correlations. Overall, the segmentations performed by FSL‐FIRST's default pipeline were the most accurate, whereas FreeSurfer's results were weaker across the structures.In line with prior studies, the accuracy of automated segmentation tools was imperfect with respect to manually defined structures. However, apart from amygdala and nucleus accumbens, FSL‐FIRST's agreement could be considered satisfactory (Pearson correlation > 0.74, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.68 and Dice score coefficient (DSC) > 0.87) with highest values for the striatal structures (putamen, globus pallidus, caudate) (Pearson correlation > 0.77, ICC > 0.87 and DSC > 0.88, respectively). Overall, automated segmentation tools do not always provide satisfactory results, and careful visual inspection of the automated segmentations is strongly advised.
Ten‐year trends in hospitalizations related to cocaine abuse in France
Authors: Eiden Céline , Roy Sophie , Malafaye Nicolas , Lehmann Michel , Peyrière Hélène 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn France, the abuse/misuse of psychoactive substances, including cocaine, is monitored via spontaneous notifications, and under‐reporting is its main limitation. Therefore, the French national hospital discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'information [PMSI]) was used to identify all hospital stays possibly due to complications related to cocaine use. The objective was to determine the main trends in the rate of cocaine‐related hospitalizations from 2010 to 2019 by age category and by areas. Relevant PMSI data were extracted using the International Classification of Diseases (10th edition). In France, hospitalizations for cocaine‐related complications increased by fourfold (2461 in 2010, 9843 in 2019, +300%). This increase was similar in men and women and was observed in each age category. Patients were mainly men (75% in 2010 and in 2019), with a median age of 38.5 and 35.2 years for men and women, respectively, in 2019. Cocaine poisoning in pediatric patients (0–9 years) concerned less than 10 patients in 2010 and 21 patients in 2019. PMSI data analysis shows an overall increase of cocaine‐related hospitalizations in France from 2010 to 2019 that can be linked in part to an increasing recreational use. The increase of pediatric cases of cocaine poisoning suggests a trivialization of cocaine consumption.
The relationship between lexical use and L2 writing quality: A case of two genres
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtensive research has been done to explore how lexical use could predict the rated quality of L2 writing. However, the degree to which the rated quality is influenced by lexical use in different genres of L2 essays is relatively unexplored. This study tested the effect of lexical use on the rated quality of L2 argumentative and expository essays. Three natural language processing tools (i.e., the Lexical Complexity Analyzer, D_Tools, and TAALES) were employed to obtain the index of lexical density, diversity, and sophistication. Results suggested that the rated quality of both genres of L2 essays was not significantly predicted by lexical density and lexical diversity but was predicted by different indices of lexical sophistication. The striking difference in the prediction of lexical sophistication on the writing quality for both genres bears on academic word use. The observed pattern on lexical use in L2 writing across the two genres attested to the assumption that genre embodies socially constructed linguistic practices whereby L2 learners use various linguistic forms to achieve communicative goals.
The Adaptive Significance of Avian Mobbing
Authors: Curio E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA distinction is made between fitness‐enhancing aspects of a trait and selective force(s) that result in its optimization. Any functional explanation conceived to account for the occurrence of mobbing behaviour must explain both the benefits for the initiator and for the birds joining it. Nine teleonomic hypotheses are proposed that permit predictions about the behaviour of the prey and/or the predator in terms of mobbing or its subsequent effects on the behaviour of both parties. Predictions of different hypotheses refer to different aspects of mobbing when prey and predator are considered concurrently. Only two hypotheses lead to contrasting predictions, i. e. to “strong inference tests”. The weakness of the teleonomic method is that it does not enable us to determine when the list of possible functions of a behaviour is exhausted.
Cation speciation, compactness, and structure‐property correlations in manganese aluminosilicate glasses
Authors: So Byoungjin , Ding Yicong , Limbach René , Pyo Jae‐Young , de Macedo Guilherme N. B. M. , Li Kai , Friebe Christian , Otto Felix , Schaal Maximilian , Liu Chao , Heo Jong , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report on the elastic properties of xMnO‐Al2O3‐(6‐x)SiO2 manganese aluminosilicate glasses, in which pronounced exchange coupling and antiferromagnetic interaction occurs among the paramagnetic Mn2+ ions. X‐ray absorption reveals a Mn‐O bond length of ∼2.1 Å, and a distance of ∼3 Å between Mn2+ ions in sixfold coordination, further corroborated by electron paramagnetic resonance and dynamic photoluminescence spectroscopy. This indicates the presence of edge‐sharing MnO6 units, in resemblance to edge‐sharing MnO8 in the crystalline Spessartine garnet Mn3Al2[SiO4]3. We argue that these cluster species have a profound effect on material stiffness: the compact structure of manganese aluminosilicate glasses enables a Young's modulus in the 100 GPa range and a Poisson's ratio of about 0.3. This exceeds the compositional trend with cation field strength observed for other aluminosilicate glasses.
Screening and evaluating honokiol from Magnolia officinalis against Nocardia seriolae infection in largemouth bass (Micropterus Salmoides)
Authors: Jiang Xin‐Yuan , Ren Zong‐Yi , Zhang Nian‐Kun , Yang Ke‐Chen , Wang Gao‐Xue , Jiang Hai‐Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae is a major threat to the aquaculture industry. Given that prolonged therapy administration can lead to a growth of antibiotic resistant strains, new antibacterial agents and alternative strategies are urgently needed. In this study, 80 medicinal plants were selected for antibacterial screening to obtain potent bioactive compounds against N. seriolae infection. The methanolic extracts of Magnolia officinalis exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against N. seriolae with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/ml. Honokiol and magnolol as the main bioactive components of M. officinalis showed higher activity with the MIC value of 3.12 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively. Sequentially, the evaluation of antibacterial activity of honokiol in vivo showed that honokiol had good biosafety, and could significantly reduce the bacterial load of nocardia‐infected largemouth bass (p < .001). Furthermore, the survival rate of nocardia‐infected fish fed with 100 mg/kg honokiol was obviously improved (p < .05). Collectively, these results suggest that medicinal plants represent a promising reservoir for discovering active components against Nocardia, and honokiol has great potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to control nocardiosis in aquaculture.
A case of a large solitary fibrous tumor arising from the retroperitoneum resected completely using an intra‐aortic balloon
Authors: Tanaka Motoki , Hirayama Takashi , Fujihara Risa , Fujino Kazunari , Terao Yasuhisa , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal cell‐derived tumors that can cause substantial bleeding during surgery due to hyper‐vascularization. We report a case of a large retroperitoneal SFT resected completely using an intra‐aortic balloon. A 71‐year‐old female with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a tumor that was diagnosed as an insulin‐like growth factor‐II‐producing benign SFT using computed tomography‐guided biopsy. The tumor had grown from 6 to 20 cm in diameter within 4 years, with concurrent and severe hypoglycemia. Preoperative computed tomography findings showed substantial blood flow toward the tumor. The retroperitoneal tumor was observed to be widely attached. Substantial hemorrhaging during tumor resection was observed despite vascular embolism. We inflated the intra‐aortic balloon for 45 min and resected the tumor completely. In conclusion, large SFT resection requires preoperative tumor blood flow evaluation and preparation of both a vascular embolism and an intra‐aortic balloon.
Whose gendered voices matter?: Race and gender in the articulation of /s/ in Bakersfield, California
Authors: Calder J. , King Sharese 
Published: July 2022

Abstract/s/ frontness is one of the most robustly studied linguistic variables in language and gender research. While much previous literature has established the pattern that women produce fronter /s/ than men, production work on /s/ has either largely focused on White speakers or left speaker race unexplored. This article addresses this gap by examining the production of /s/ among African American and White speakers in Bakersfield, California. While the White speakers exhibit a gender split consonant with previous studies, African American Bakersfieldians exhibit no gender split, with African American men producing /s/ as front as African American women. We argue that African American men in Bakersfield avoid a backed production of /s/ indexical of a White country identity which has historically oppressed them in the area. These production patterns illuminate the importance of an intersectional analysis, taking into account the effect of speaker race on gendered variables like /s/.
Implementation and evaluation of a multilevel intervention to increase uptake of the human papillomavirus vaccine among rural adolescents
Authors: Dang Julie H. T. , McClure Sharon , Gori Alexandra C. T. , Martens Teresa , Mojadedi Arzoo , Smith Ulissa , Austin Chester J. , Chen Moon S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeGeographic disparities exist in uptake of the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV). In 2020, the National Immunization Survey‐Teen reported that adolescents living in nonmetropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) had lower HPV vaccination coverage (≥ 1 dose) compared to adolescents living in MSA principal cities. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a multilevel pilot intervention study to increase uptake of the HPV vaccine among adolescent patients ages 11‐17 of a rural health clinic.MethodsThis parent, primary care team, and clinic multilevel pilot intervention was guided by evidence‐based approaches to increase HPV vaccinations, formative research, and input from the community. HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates were analyzed at baseline and 23 months follow‐up.FindingsThe proportion of adolescent patients ages 11‐17 who had initiated the HPV vaccine series was significantly greater at follow‐up compared to baseline, (82.7% compared to 52.4%), χ2 (1, n = 498) = 49.2, P < .0001. The proportion of adolescent patients ages 11‐17 who had completed the HPV vaccine series was also significantly greater at follow‐up compared to baseline, (58.0% compared to 27.0%), χ2 (1, n = 498) = 50.8, P < .0001.ConclusionsThe multilevel intervention significantly increased HPV initiation and completion rates among adolescent patients ages 11‐17 at this rural health clinic. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing a multilevel intervention to address low HPV vaccination rates among rural adolescents and the potential of employing this strategy for a large‐scale randomizing‐controlled trial.
Adverse effects of polymyxin B administration to healthy horses
Authors: van Spijk Julia N. , Beckmann Katrin , Wehrli Eser Meret , Boxler Martina , Stirn Martina , Rhyner Thea , Kaelin Dana , Saleh Lanja , Schoster Angelika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolymyxin B (PolyB) is used to treat endotoxemia in horses; neurologic and nephrogenic adverse effects occur in humans.ObjectivesTo describe PolyB adverse effects in horses.AnimalsFive healthy horses (ataxia 0/5), 1 horse with cervical osteoarthritis (ataxia 1/5).MethodsProspective blinded randomized cross‐over trial; 3‐weeks wash out. Horses received PolyB (PolyB 6000 IU/kg IV, 7 doses q12h, n = 6) and PolyB/gentamicin (PolyB 6000 IU/kg IV, q12h 7 doses; gentamicin 10 mg/kg IV q24h 4 doses n = 4, or q12‐24 h 5 doses because of an additional erroneous dose, n = 2). Daily neurological examinations were video recorded, and ataxia graded by 3 observers. Urine status, urinary GGT/creatinine ratio, plasma creatinine, and urea were assessed every other day, EMG daily. Mixed model analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with ataxia grade and [PolyB].ResultsMedian ataxia score increased from 0/5 (range 0‐2/5) to 2/5 (range 1‐3/5) during administration and declined to 0.5/5 (range 0‐2/5) after cessation. Gentamicin co‐administration (P < .01, effect size: .8), number of PolyB doses (P < .001, effect size: .6), and time since last PolyB dose (P < .001, effect size: .5) had a significant effect on ataxia grades, while horse, day, [Genta], [PolyB], and [PolyB]CSFdid not. Gentamicin co‐administration and [Genta] Cpeakhad no effect on median [PolyB] Cpeak(4.67 and 4.89 μg/ml for PolyB and PolyB/gentamicin, respectively). Urinary GGT/creatinine ratio was elevated in 3/6 horses receiving PolyB/gentamicin. The EMG remained unchanged.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePolyB caused transient ataxia, worsening with cumulative PolyB doses and gentamicin co‐administration. Nephrotoxicity of PolyB was only evident when gentamicin was co‐administered.
Quality and constructed knowledge: Truth, paradigms, and the state of the science
Authors: Grant Janet , Grant Leonard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContext and truthEducation is a social science. Social science knowledge is related to its context of origin. The concept of global ‘truth’ in education is therefore of limited use when truth is tempered by context. The wider applicability of our knowledge can only be judged if we look at the context in which that knowledge was produced and the assumptions that underpin it. This calls into question the idea that educational research is a quest for global ‘truth’, although in relation to programme evaluation, truth tied to context is an aim. An analysis is presented of the effects of social construction on research and evaluation processes, on the selection of paradigms, reporting and interpreting findings, and on the ethics of all this.Quality and improvementQuality improvement is based on information selected, constructed and interpreted by those who gather, analyse or use it. The strength, and not the weakness, of our knowledge is that it is socially constructed, contextual and of its time. Increasingly looking for our own truth about educational quality, and not importing the truth of others, is crucial to the state of the science. In terms of quality development, using others' findings must be based on informed local judgement. In social science, those judgements are linked to social context and their associated ideologies.Implications for future workThe hallmark of social science is not a narrowing of focus and the search for one truth, but is a broadening of concepts, theories, paradigms, reported experience and method, and an intention for each to tell their own truth well. This will lead to a wealth of diverse views and analysed experience. The science of medical education must seek many truths.