bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate supplementation have any effect on the growth performance and health of Holstein dairy calves?
Authors: Eskandary M. M. , Hossein Yazdi M. , Mahjoubi E. , Kazemi-Bonchenari M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves was evaluated. Forty-eight newborn Holstein calves (body weight (BW) = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups (12 calves per treatment; seven females and five males) in a complete randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (CON) supplementation; (2) 4 g/day SB added to WM since days 4–32 (SB-4-32); (3) 4 g/day SB added to WM since days 61–74 and an equal amount was added to starter since days 75–88 (SB-61-88) and (4) 4 g/day SB added to WM since days 4–74 and an equal amount was added to starter since days 75–88 (SB-4-88). Total dry matter intake, starter intake, BW, average daily gain and gain-to-feed were similar between treatments. Calves fed SB-4-32, and SB-4-88 had lower faecal score during pre-weaning, and overall. In addition, calves in SB-4-32 and SB-4-88 groups had fewer numbers of days with scours during the pre-weaning period, and throughout the study. Calves fed SB-61-88 had greater serum total protein during post-weaning. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB-4-32 and SB-4-88 calves and tended to be greater in the pre-weaning period compared to control calves. In general, the time of SB addition had no remarkable effect on performance but better faecal score within the pre- and post-weaning periods.
Fatty acid composition in common deep-water shrimps of the Arabian Sea and its importance to human nutrition
Authors: Chakraborty Kajal , Krishnan Soumya , Chakraborty Rekha Devi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeep-water shrimps are recognized as non-conventional culinary delicacies owing to the presence of high-quality polyunsaturated fatty acids, even though they remain one of the predominantly unexplored marine fishery resources. In this study, variation of fatty acid profiles of Aristeus alcocki, Solenocera choprai, Heterocarpus chani and Plesionika quasigrandis, caught along the south-west coast of India (Arabian Sea) during the months spanning from September 2018–April 2019, were compared. Among the deep-water shrimps studied, A. alcocki contained a greater amount of n-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid along with optimal n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios beneficial for human nutrition (up to 8 during the winter months) when compared with other shrimps. In general, fatty acid concentrations exhibited variations, particularly with regard to polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. These n-3 fatty acids were predominant during December–February of the studied year, but concentrations were noticeably lower during March and April. Females had considerably higher (P < 0.05) C20–22n-3 fatty acid concentrations along with nutritionally balanced polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio than males. Results of the two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences in the fatty acid profiles between the species and months. The interaction effects of months with species were also highly significant (Wilk's lambda = 0.000001; F = 187.7, P < 0.0001). Lesser atherogenicity (<3) and thrombogenicity (<0.5) indices coupled with considerably greater n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratios recognized these deep-water species as a possible source of highly nutritional human food.
Disentangling vertebrate spatio-temporal responses to anthropogenic disturbances: evidence from a protected area in central Myanmar
Authors: Thu Aye Myat , Thang Tluang Hmung , Campos-Arceiz Ahimsa , Quan Rui-Chang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUrbanization of natural landscapes and increasing human populations have brought people and our companion animals into closer contact with wildlife, even within protected areas. To provide guidance for human–wildlife coexistence, it is therefore critical to understand the effects of anthropogenic disturbances and how well native wildlife species survive in human-dominated landscapes. We investigated the spatio-temporal responses of 10 vertebrate taxa, with an emphasis on the Endangered Eld's deer Rucervus eldii thamin, to anthropogenic disturbances in Shwesettaw Wildlife Sanctuary, Myanmar. We quantified anthropogenic disturbances as distance from human settlements, distance from a highway, and the presence of people and free-ranging dogs Canis familiaris. Anthropogenic disturbances had stronger negative impacts on the detection of native wildlife species than on occupancy. Eld's deer avoided areas close to human settlements and showed low diel activity overlap with both people and dogs, although we found a positive association with human presence at the camera-trap sites. Five species exhibited lower diel activity overlap with people in the rainy season when human activity is the highest in our study area. All studied wildlife species shifted to nocturnal activity or did not show any clear activity pattern during the cool-dry season when the presence of dogs increased. The ecological and conservation impacts of dogs are underestimated in South-east Asia, particularly in Myanmar, and this case study highlights the impacts of dogs on the temporal use of habitat by wildlife and the need for better practices in the management of dogs within protected areas.
Babysong revisited: communication with babies through song
Authors: Young Vanessa , Goouch Kathleen , Powell Sacha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Babysong Project arose out of the Baby Room Project and its aims included supporting baby room practitioners to develop ‘communicative musicality’ (Malloch & Trevarthen 2009), extending research knowledge about baby room practices and helping practitioners to explore opportunities to question and adapt their own ways of working with babies in their care. Six years on, we reflect on the project and consider the significance and sustainability of what might have been achieved. We also probe whether there are further areas for development. We conclude that while there were many positive outcomes, we recognise the challenges of sustaining and nurturing the confidence of practitioners and the desirability of addressing the organisational aspects of the initiative to promote the embedding of practice. There is a real necessity for such projects, often involving radical challenges to previously held attitudes and practices, to be funded over longer periods of time. We also acknowledge the rich, untapped potential of using song to connect with families and carers.
Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the food choice questionnaire and food choice motives among the study population
Authors: Jalali-Farahani Sara , Amiri Parisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the food choice questionnaire (FCQ) and determine food choice motives among different study subgroups.Design:This cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires, including socio-demographic information and body weight and height data. In addition, study samples were asked to complete the Persian version of the FCQ.Setting:Educational and medical centres under the coverage of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran.Participants:Study samples were 871 adults (60·5 % female) selected using a convenience sampling method.Results:Mean ± sd age and BMI were 33·4 ± 10·7 years and 24·3 ± 5·2 kg/m2, respectively. More than one-third of the study samples were overweight/obese (35·8 %). A nine-structure model including thirty-two items of the original FCQ showed acceptable fit indices as follows: χ2/df = 3·39, goodness-of-fit index = 0·905, incremental fit index = 0·92, comparative fit index = 0·92, root mean square error of approximation (90 % CI) = 0·052 (0·049, 0·055). Regarding food choice motives, the three most important motives for food choice ranked by study samples were sensory appeal, natural content and health, respectively. Study samples ranked ethical concern as the least important food choice motive.Conclusion:These findings support the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the FCQ. Additionally, results indicate the most important motives for food choice across various socio-demographic and weight status groups which can provide beneficial information for marketing practices in Iran and promote the food choices of Iranians.
Improved Provenance Constraints for Nanaimo Group Sediments, British Columbia, Canada, Through Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS Depth‐Profiling
Authors: Boivin Marie‐Pier , Matthews William , Coutts Daniel , Hubbard Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDetrital zircon from Late Cretaceous rocks of the Insular Superterrane have become an important constraint on Cordilleran paleogeography. These interpretations are largely based on the occurrence of a unique detrital zircon facies characterized by a broad Paleoproterozoic (mode 1.70 Ga) and narrow Mesoproterozoic mode (1.38 Ga) in Cordilleran sedimentary rocks. However, uncertainty about the provenance of this facies and the broad geographic distribution of rocks in which it is found limits its usefulness in constraining paleogeography. Detrital rims found on Mesozoic, Proterozoic, and Archean‐aged zircon cores from the Late Cretaceous Nanaimo Group of Western British Columbia, Canada provide constraints into its provenance. Depth‐profiling of a large population of grains (N = 16; n = 3,000), combined with observations regarding zircon external morphology, internal growth textures, U/Th ratios, and U concentrations, indicate high‐grade metamorphism occurred in the sediment source area between 99 Ma and 72 Ma. Rapid cooling of the metamorphic source area at rates of 35 to over 100°C/m.y. between 84 and 63 Ma was required to supply these metamorphic zircon to the basin. The geological history of the sediment source region defined by the rim populations (age of metamorphism and exhumation rate) is inconsistent with previously proposed sediment source areas for the Nanaimo Group in southern (Mojave region) or northern Laurentia (Lehmi Subbasin). We hypothesize that the sediment source area was the adjacent Coast Mountains Batholith and a metasedimentary rock, similar to the Pelona‐Orocopia‐Rand‐type schists, that was exhumed during the Late Cretaceous.
Earth's Earliest Phaneritic Ultramafic Rocks: Mantle Slices or Crustal Cumulates?
Authors: Zuo Jiawei , Webb A. Alexander G. , Chin Emily J. , Ackerman Lukáš , Harvey Jason , Haproff Peter J. , Müller Thomas , Wang Qin , Hickman Arthur H. , Sorger Dominik , Ramírez‐Salazar Anthony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen plate tectonics initiated remains uncertain, partly because many signals interpreted as diagnostic of plate tectonics can be alternatively explained via hot stagnant‐lid tectonics. One such signal involves the petrogenesis of early Archean phaneritic ultramafic rocks. In the Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt (Greenland), some phaneritic ultramafic rocks have been dominantly interpreted as subduction‐related, tectonically‐exhumed mantle slices or cumulates. Here, we compared Eoarchean phaneritic ultramafic rocks from the Isua supracrustal belt with mantle peridotites, cumulates, and phaneritic ultramafic samples from the Paleoarchean East Pilbara Terrane (Australia), which is widely interpreted to have formed in non‐plate tectonic settings. Our findings show that Pilbara samples have cumulate and polygonal textures, melt‐enriched trace element patterns, relative enrichment of Os, Ir, and Ru versus Pt and Pd, and chromite‐spinel with variable TiO2 and Mg#, and relatively consistent Cr#. Both, new and existing data show that cumulates and mantle rocks potentially have similar whole‐rock geochemical characteristics, deformation fabrics, and alteration features. Geochemical modeling results indicate that Isua and Pilbara ultramafic rocks have interacted with low‐Pt and Pd melts generated by sequestration of Pd and Pt into sulphide and/or alloy during magmatism. Such melts cannot have interacted with a mantle wedge. Correspondingly, geochemical compositions and rock textures suggest that Isua and Pilbara ultramafic rocks are not tectonically‐exhumed mantle peridotites, but are cumulates that experienced metasomatism by fluids and co‐genetic melts. Because such rocks could have formed in either plate or non‐plate tectonic settings, they cannot be used to differentiate early Earth tectonic settings.
Ecological Calendars of the Pamir Mountains: Illustrating the Importance of Context‐Specificity for Food Security
Authors: Ullmann A. L. , Haag I. , Bulbulshoev U. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommunities in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia are among the most vulnerable to climate change due to their geographic location and subsistence‐based livelihoods. Historically, ecological calendars supported their agropastoral lifestyles which provided anticipatory capacity to seasonal changes. Due to decades of Soviet colonization and socioecological transformations, knowledge of these ecological calendars fell into disuse. In 2016, Savnob and Roshorv, two villages in the Bartang Valley of Tajikistan, began the revitalization of these calendars using a participatory action research process through knowledge co‐generation. We undertook a comparative analysis to investigate the importance of context‐specificity to ensure food security and reduce their vulnerability to climate change. A preliminary analysis of the temperature regime and local language terms, relating to the positioning and quality of land, framed our methods‐of‐analysis. We compared the villagers' ecological calendars by focusing on indicator species, potentially threatening weather events, land‐use, livelihood activities, and the role of the vernal equinox. Despite their close geographic proximity, context‐specificity determined by distinct microecologies influences the timing and practice of these communities' livelihood activities. These villages have different dependencies on biotic and abiotic events, crops, and land‐use; all of which affect food security and survival. These differences contributed to mutual support between the two villages, increased the availability of food, and thereby, lowered their vulnerability to climate change. As Savnob's and Roshorv's ecological calendars are updated with changing climate, they can once again enhance their anticipatory capacity while reducing their vulnerability.
Modeling Solar Eclipses at Extreme Ultra Violet Wavelengths and the Effects of Nonuniform Eclipse Shadow on the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere System
Authors: Mrak Sebastijan , Zhu Qingyu , Deng Yue , Dammasch Ingolf E. , Dominique Marie , Hairston Marc R. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Semeter Joshua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe impacts of solar eclipses on the ionosphere‐thermosphere system particularly the composition, density, and transport are studied using numerical simulation and subsequent model‐data comparison. We introduce a newly developed model of a solar eclipse mask (shadow) at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths—PyEclipse—that computes the corresponding shadowing as a function of space, time, and wavelength of the input solar image. The current model includes interfaces for Solar Dynamics Observatory and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites EUV telescopes providing solar images at nine different wavelengths. We show the significance of the EUV eclipse shadow spatial variability and that it varies significantly with wavelength owing to the highly variable solar coronal emissions. We demonstrate geometrical differences between the EUV eclipse shadow compared to a geometrically symmetric simplification revealing changes in occultation vary ±20%. The EUV eclipse mask is validated with in situ solar flux measurements by the PRoject for Onboard Autonomy 2/Large Yield Radiometer instrument suite showing the model captures the morphology and amplitudes of transient variability while the modeled gradients are slower. The effects of spatially EUV eclipse masks are investigated with Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model for the 21 August 2017 eclipse. The results reveal that the modeled EUV eclipse mask, in comparison with the geometrically symmetric approximation, causes changes in the Total Electron Content in order of ±20%, 5%–20% in F‐region plasma drift, and 20%–30% in F‐region neutral winds.
Fault Slip Behaviors Modulated by Locally Increased Fluid Pressure: Earthquake Nucleation and Slow Slip Events
Authors: Dong Peng , Xu Ran , Yang Hongfeng , Guo Zhiyin , Xia Kaiwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuge earthquakes are frequently preceded by slow slip events (SSEs) that are speculated as the precursor to regular earthquakes (REs). However, the way in which earthquakes initiate, as well as the interactions between SSEs and REs remain poorly understood, adding more mysteries to the initiation of earthquakes. Here, we perform systematic numerical simulations to explore the relationships between SSEs and REs on faults including locally increased fluid pressure. We identify four types of fault slip behaviors distinguished by SSE and earthquake initiation mode. The observed interactions between SSEs and REs share similar features with those reported for natural earthquakes. Our results show that the occurrence of SSEs may temporarily hasten fault decoupling, leading to the clock advance of mainshocks. Furthermore, the interactions between SSEs and REs are more complicated than previously thought. On the one hand, since SSEs with extremely high peak slip rates tend to directly transform into huge earthquakes, the possibility of huge earthquakes may increase when SSEs happen. On the other hand, there is no threshold in peak slip rate for SSEs to trigger the nucleation of REs. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the SSEs that could trigger a huge earthquake from regular ones only with the knowledge of the peak slip rate. We also verify that the spatial extent of SSEs is related to the occurrence of earthquakes to some extent. These findings may have major implications for understanding the interactions between SSEs and REs, and the mechanism of earthquake initiation.
SMP30-mediated synthesis of vitamin C activates the liver PPARα/FGF21 axis to regulate thermogenesis in mice
Authors: Lee Bonggi , An Hye Jin , Kim Dae Hyun , Lee Min-Kyeong , Jeong Hyeon Hak , Chung Ki Wung , Go Younghoon , Seo Arnold Y. , Kim Il Yong , Seong Je Kyung , Yu Byung Pal , Lee Jaewon , Im Eunok , Lee In-Kyu , Lee Myung-Shik , Yamada Ken-ichi , Chung Hae Young 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe vitamin-C-synthesizing enzyme senescent marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a cold resistance gene in Drosophila, and vitamin C concentration increases in brown adipose tissue post-cold exposure. However, the roles of SMP30 in thermogenesis are unknown. Here, we tested the molecular mechanism of thermogenesis using wild-type (WT) and vitamin C-deficient SMP30-knockout (KO) mice. SMP30-KO mice gained more weight than WT mice without a change in food intake in response to short-term high-fat diet feeding. Indirect calorimetry and cold-challenge experiments indicated that energy expenditure is lower in SMP30-KO mice, which is associated with decreased thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Therefore, SMP30-KO mice do not lose weight during cold exposure, whereas WT mice lose weight markedly. Mechanistically, the levels of serum FGF21 were notably lower in SMP30-KO mice, and vitamin C supplementation in SMP30-KO mice recovered FGF21 expression and thermogenesis, with a marked reduction in body weight during cold exposure. Further experiments revealed that vitamin C activates PPARα to upregulate FGF21. Our findings demonstrate that SMP30-mediated synthesis of vitamin C activates the PPARα/FGF21 axis, contributing to the maintenance of thermogenesis in mice.
Intracellular common gardens reveal niche differentiation in transposable element community during bacterial adaptive evolution
Authors: Guo Hui , Shi Wen-Tao , Zhang Biliang , Xu Yan-Hui , Jiao Jian , Tian Chang-Fu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The distribution and abundance of transposable elements across the tree of life have significantly shaped the evolution of cellular organisms, but the underlying mechanisms shaping these ecological patterns remain elusive. Here we establish a “common garden” approach to study causal ecological interactions between a xenogeneic conditional lethal sacB gene and the community of transposable insertion sequences (ISs) in a multipartite prokaryote genome. Xenogeneic sacB of low, medium, or high GC content was individually inserted into three replicons of a model bacterium Sinorhizobium fredii, and exhibited replicon- and GC-dependent variation in genetic stability. This variation was largely attributable to multidimensional niche differentiation for IS community members. The transposition efficiency of major active ISs depended on the nucleoid-associated xenogeneic silencer MucR. Experimentally eliminating insertion activity of specific ISs by deleting MucR strongly demonstrated a dominant role of niche differentiation among ISs. This intracellular common garden approach in the experimental evolution context allows not only for evaluating genetic stability of natural and synthetic xenogeneic genes of different sequence signatures in host cells but also for tracking and testing causal relationships in unifying ecological principles in genome ecology.
PDPN contributes to constructing immunosuppressive microenvironment in IDH wildtype glioma
Authors: Wang Xuya , Wang Xisen , Li Jiabo , Liang Jianshen , Ren Xiao , Yun Debo , Liu Jie , Fan Jikang , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Jinhao , Ren Xiude , Zhang Hao , Shang Guanjie , Sun Jinzhang , Chen Lulu , Chen Lei , Li Tao , Tong Luqing , Zhang Chen , Yu Shengping , Yang Xuejun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (IME) significantly affects tumor occurrence, progression, and prognosis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to make known. We investigated the prognostic significance of PDPN and its role in IME in glioma. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found PDPN closely related to IDH wildtype status and higher immune score. Correlation analysis suggested PDPN was highly positively relevant to immune checkpoints expression and immune checkpoints block responding status. Correlation analysis together with verification in vitro suggested PDPN highly positively relevant tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression employed to develop the prediction model with TANs and TAMs markers showed that high risk scores predicted worse prognosis. We highlight that PDPN overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator, and promotes macrophage M2 polarization and neutrophil degranulation, ultimately devotes to the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Our findings contribute to re-recognizing the role of PDPN in IDH wildtype gliomas and implicate promising target therapy combined with immunotherapy for this highly malignant tumor.