bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteases secreted by Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae damage the junctions of the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer and mediate larval invasion
Authors: Song Yan Yan , Lu Qi Qi , Han Lu Lu , Yan Shu Wei , Zhang Xin Zhuo , Liu Ruo Dan , Long Shao Rong , Cui Jing , Wang Zhong Quan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium is the first natural barrier against Trichinella spiralis larval invasion, but the mechanism of larval invasion of the gut epithelium is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) of T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae (IIL) degrade tight junction (TJ) proteins, to assess the main ESP proteases hydrolysing TJ proteins using various enzyme inhibitors and to define the key invasive factors in IIL invasion of the gut epithelium. The results of immunofluorescence, Western blot and Transwell assays showed that serine proteases and cysteine proteases in the ESPs played main roles in hydrolysing occludin, claudin-1 and E-cad and upregulating claudin-2 expression. Challenge infection results showed that IIL expulsion from the gut at 12 hpi was significantly higher in mice which were infected with muscle larvae (ML) treated with a single inhibitor (PMSF, E-64, 1,10-Phe or pepstatin) or various mixtures containing PMSF and E-64 than in mice in the PBS group or the groups treated with an inhibitor mixture not containing PMSF and E-64 (P < 0.0001). At 6 days post-infection, mice which were infected with ML treated with PMSF, E-64, 1,10-Phe or pepstatin exhibited 56.30, 64.91, 26.42 and 31.85% reductions in intestinal adult worms compared to mice in the PBS group (P < 0.0001). The results indicate that serine proteases and cysteine proteases play key roles in T. spiralis IIL invasion, growth and survival in the host and that they may be main candidate target molecules for vaccines against larval invasion and development.
Brain organoid-on-chip system to study the effects of breast cancer derived exosomes on the neurodevelopment of brain
Authors: Cui Kangli , Chen Wenwen , Cao Rongkai , Xie Yingying , Wang Peng , Wu Yunsong , Wang Yaqing , Qin Jianhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly human brain development can be affected by multiple prenatal factors that involve chemical exposures in utero, maternal health characteristics such as psychiatric disorders, and cancer. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide arising pregnancy. However, it is not clear whether the breast cancer might influence the brain development of fetus. Exosomes secreted by breast cancer cells play a critical role in mediating intercellular communication and interplay between different organs. In this work, we engineered human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived brain organoids in an array of micropillar chip and probed the influences of breast cancer cell (MCF-7) derived-exosomes on the early neurodevelopment of brain. The formed brain organoids can recapitulate essential features of embryonic human brain at early stages, in terms of neurogenesis, forebrain regionalization, and cortical organization. Treatment with breast cancer cell derived-exosomes, brain organoids exhibited enhanced expression of stemness-related marker OCT4 and forebrain marker PAX6. RNA-seq analysis reflected several activated signaling pathways associated with breast cancer, medulloblastoma and neurogenesis in brain organoids induced by tumor-derived exosomes. These results suggested that breast cancer cell-derived exosomes might lead to the impaired neurodevelopment in the brain organoids and the carcinogenesis of brain organoids. It potentially implies the fetus of pregnant women with breast cancer has the risk of impaired neurodevelopmental disorder after birth.
Caccioppoli-type inequalities for Dirac operators
Authors: Kashkynbayev Ardak , Oralsyn Gulaiym 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we establish the Caccioppoli estimates for the nonlinear differential equation $$ - \overline{D}\bigl( \vert Dv \vert ^{p-2}Dv\bigr) = \lambda \vert v \vert ^{p-2}v, \quad 1< p< \infty ,$$
−

D
‾

(
|
D
v

|

p
−
2

D
v
)

=
λ
|
v

|

p
−
2

v
,

1
<
p
<
∞
,
where D is the Dirac operator. Moreover, we obtain general weighted versions of the Caccioppoli-type inequalities for the Dirac operators.
Kohn–Vogelius formulation for plasma geometry identification problem
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the problem of plasma geometry control problem in a tokamak. The domain location and shape are determined using an approach based on the Kohn–Vogelius formulation and topological asymptotic method. We present a one-shot numerical procedure based on the developed asymptotic formula and use it on different test configurations.
Factors associated with retention on medications for opioid use disorder among a cohort of adults seeking treatment in the community
Authors: Biondi Breanne E. , Vander Wyk Brent , Schlossberg Esther F. , Shaw Albert , Springer Sandra A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) (MOUD; buprenorphine and methadone) reduces opioid use and overdose. Discontinuation of MOUD can quickly lead to relapse, overdose and death. Few persons who initiate MOUD are retained on treatment, thus it is critical to identify factors associated with retention.

Methods
Evaluated data was from an ongoing prospective cohort study of adults aged 18 or older with DSM-5 moderate to severe OUD seeking MOUD in the community and followed for 6 months. Participants were considered retained on MOUD through 6 months if they reported taking MOUD at every study interview without discontinuation. A high dose of MOUD was defined as a methadone dose > 85 mg or buprenorphine dose ≥ 16 mg. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess factors associated with 6-month MOUD retention.

Results
A total of 118 participants (73% male, 58% white, 36% with HIV) were included. Buprenorphine was initiated by 58% and 42% started methadone. MOUD retention was 49% and 58% among buprenorphine and methadone, respectively, at 6-months. In adjusted models, a high MOUD dose (OR = 4.71, 95% CI 2.05–10.84) and higher pain interference (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.15–2.19) was associated with MOUD retention.

Conclusions
Adequate dosing of MOUD leads to improved retention on MOUD. Further, persons with high pain interference at baseline had higher odds of retention on MOUD. Both methadone and buprenorphine have analgesic effects, thus those with high pain interference could have dual benefits of MOUD for treating OUD and pain. Interventions should be tailored to improve adequate MOUD dosing to improve retention on MOUD.
Profit efficiency in family-owned crop farms in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: a translog profit function approach
Authors: Mujuru Nyarai M. , Obi Ajuruchukwu , Mishi Syden , Mdoda Lelethu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFarm productivity on smallholder family-owned crop farms remains low despite several interventions to transform agriculture especially in developing countries. Farmers in rural areas face serious constraints that impede their productive capacities for the principal dietary staple, notably maize. Smallholder farmers have access to unprofitable markets that in turn make their enterprises less profitable. Efforts to commercialise smallholder maize production have not yielded desired results. This study, therefore, estimates profit efficiency and its determinants in the smallholder cropping systems in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.MethodologyA random sample of 158 smallholder maize farmers was selected. A normalised translog profit function was then fitted by means of a one-step estimation of technical efficiency and its determinants using the STATA software.ResultsThe results indicate that cost of fertiliser and area under cultivation for maize were the positive drivers of profitability. Complementarities among resources were very important determinants of profit.ConclusionThe study concludes that family-owned farms have a positive effect on crop production. Farm profits rise with cultivated area in maize farms. Therefore, the study recommends that policy favouring smallholder commercialisation would improve farm profits.
HIV incidence and risk factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in two cities of China: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Shan Duo , Ning Zhen , Yu Maohe , Zheng Huang , Yang Jie , Gong Hui , Li Jian , Liu Hui , Liu Lu , Wang Vania , Ran Xiong , Han Mengjie , Zhang Dapeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) remains a major public health concern in China. Despite a growing body of research on transgender women worldwide, little is known about Chinese transgender women within MSM. We sought to estimate HIV incidence and distinguish risk factors of HIV acquisition among them from that among cisgener (non-transgender) MSM (cis-MSM).

Methods
We conducted an open cohort study among Chinese MSM, including those who were identified as transgender in Shanghai and Tianjin. Participants were initially recruited by local community-based organizations from January to June, 2016, and were followed up approximately every 6 months until June 2018. At each visit, a structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV status. HIV incidence was calculated as the number of seroconversions divided by total number of person-years of follow-up among HIV-negatives at baseline. Risk factors of HIV acquisition were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models with time-dependent variables.

Results
A total of 1056 participants contributed 1260.53 person-years (PYs) of follow-up, 33 HIV seroconversions occurred during the follow-up period, yielding an estimated HIV incidence of 2.62 (95% CI 1.80–3.68) per 100 PYs. HIV incidence among transgender women was 4.42 per 100 PYs, which was significantly higher than that of 1.35 per 100 PYs among cis-MSM, demonstrating a threefold higher odds of HIV infection than cis-MSM. For transgender women, those lived locally ≤ 2 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.76, 95% CI 1.13–2.76) and unprotected anal sex last time (aHR = 4.22, 95% CI 1.82–9.79) were more likely to acquire HIV. For cis-MSM, factors associated with HIV acquisition were frequency of anal sex ≥ 3 times in past one month (aHR = 4.19, 95% CI 1.06–16.47) and unprotected anal sex last time (aHR = 5.33, 95% CI 1.52–18.73).

Conclusions
Compared to cis-MSM, transgender women were at higher risk of HIV acquisition, highlighting an urgent need of tailored prevention. Future HIV program should consider to include them to ensure that this population in China are not left behind.

Graphical abstract
Seeking support for an eating disorder: a qualitative analysis of the university student experience—accessibility of support for students
Authors: Byrom Nicola C. , Batchelor Rachel , Warner Harriet , Stevenson Annie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile there is increased concern around mental health problems in universities, the experience of students with eating disorders (EDs) has received less attention. This is problematic as the detrimental consequences of a lack of adequate support are profound.MethodsA qualitative study was adopted to investigate students’ perspectives of the availability, accessibility and suitability of support services. One hundred university students with experience of EDs completed an online survey. A further 18 students completed semi-structured interviews. Descriptive data are reported alongside analysis of qualitative data.ResultsThree overarching themes were identified; awareness of support, confidence in asking for help and early experiences with services. Most students were aware of support through their GP and university counselling services. Few identified ED-specific sources of support. Barriers to help-seeking included self-stigma and gaps in service availability. Early experiences with services were often negative, problems included; difficulty accessing services, a lack of ED specific support and continuity of care between home and university.ConclusionsThere is substantive progress to be made in ensuring that students with EDs receive the support they need to thrive at university. While it is important that good treatments exist, the pathway to accessing these treatments equally important. As universities increasingly recognise the need for action around student mental health attention must also be directed towards EDs and the provision of specific services.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and NF-κB inhibitory activity of aerial parts of Cestrum diurnum
Authors: Khatun Amina , Rahman Mahmudur , Nesa Mst. Luthfun , Looi Chung Yeng , Wong Won Fen , Hazni Hazrina , bin Mahdzir Mohamad Azrul , Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Awang Khalijah , Shilpi Jamil A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCestrum diurnumL. (Solanaceae), locally known as buno-Hasnahena, is widely used in different traditional medicinal practices to treat pain, burn, swelling and related disorders. Adequate evidence is not available to support its medicinal properties for further use and drug development. Present study was designed to evaluate its traditional use in pain and inflammation with further characterisation of its chemical constituents through liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopic (LC-MS) analysis.MethodsAntinociceptive and analgesic potential of methanol extract of the aerial parts ofC. diurnumwas carried out using carrageenan induced paw oedema and formalin induced paw licking test in mice at the oral doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Inhibition of the inflammatory mediator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was evaluated by tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induced NF-κB activation assay in macrophage cells at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. LC-MS analysis of the extract was performed to characterise the active component responsible for bioactivities.ResultsThe extract significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) carrageenan induced paw oedema at both doses tested and the effect persisted throughout the entire experimental period of 3 h with the highest activity (50% inhibition) observed at 3rd h. Further, the extract significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) formalin induced paw licking both in the early and late phase at the aforementioned dose levels. The extract also downregulated the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in the TNF-α induced NF-κB activation assay. LC-MS analysis of the extract indicated the presence of some important secondary metabolites including nicotine, nornicotine, ursolic acid, vitamin D3and its derivatives.ConclusionsThe results of this study supported the folkloric uses of the plant in pain and inflammations. The insights and observations suggest the action might involve downregulation of NF-κB p65 protein expression and/or inhibition of autacoids (histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin).
Testing landmark-specific effects on route navigation in an ecologically valid setting: a simulated driving study
Authors: Jabbari Yasaman , Kenney Darren M. , von Mohrenschildt Martin , Shedden Judith M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe used a driving simulator to investigate landmark-based route navigation in young adults. Previous research has examined how proximal and distal landmarks influence route navigation, however, these effects have not been extensively tested in ecologically-relevant settings. We used a virtual town in which participants learned various routes while simultaneously driving. We first examined the effect of four different landmark conditions on navigation performance, such that each driver experienced one of four versions of the town with either proximal landmarks only, distal landmarks only, both proximal and distal landmarks, or no landmarks. Drivers were given real-time navigation directions along a route to a target destination, and were then tested on their ability to navigate to the same destination without directions. We found that the presence of proximal landmarks significantly improved route navigation. We then examined the effect of prior exposure to proximal vs. distal landmarks by testing the same drivers in the same environment they previously encountered, but with the landmarks removed. In this case, we found that prior exposure to distal landmarks significantly improved route navigation. The present results are in line with existing research on route navigation and landmarks, suggesting that these findings can be extended to ecologically-relevant settings.
Implementing patient-reported outcomes in routine clinical care for diverse and underrepresented patients in the United States
Authors: Hyland Colby J. , Guo Ruby , Dhawan Ravi , Kaur Manraj N. , Bain Paul A. , Edelen Maria O. , Pusic Andrea L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are used increasingly in routine clinical care and inform policies, reimbursements, and quality improvement. Less is known regarding PRO implementation in routine clinical care for diverse and underrepresented patient populations.

Objective
This review aims to identify studies of PRO implementation in diverse and underrepresented patient populations, elucidate representation of clinical specialties, assess implementation outcomes, and synthesize patient needs, concerns, and preferences.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched September 2021 for studies aiming to study PRO implementation in diverse and underrepresented patient populations within the United States. Studies were screened and data extracted by three independent reviewers. Implementation outcomes were assessed according to Proctor et al. taxonomy. A descriptive analysis of data was conducted.

Results
The search yielded 8,687 records, and 28 studies met inclusion criteria. The majority were observational cohort studies (n = 21, 75%) and conducted in primary care (n = 10, 36%). Most studies included majority female (n = 19, 68%) and non-White populations (n = 15, 54%), while fewer reported socioeconomic (n = 11, 39%) or insurance status (n = 9, 32.1%). Most studies assessed implementation outcomes of feasibility (n = 27, 96%) and acceptability (n = 19, 68%); costs (n = 3, 11%), penetration (n = 1, 4%), and sustainability (n = 1, 4%) were infrequently assessed.

Conclusion
PRO implementation in routine clinical care for diverse and underrepresented patient populations is generally feasible and acceptable. Research is lacking in key clinical specialties. Further work is needed to understand how health disparities drive PRO implementation outcomes.
Survival analysis of African catfish and Nile tilapia briefly exposed to complex pesticide mixtures
Authors: Kanu Kingsley C. , Otitoloju Adebayo A. , Amaeze Nnamdi H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulse exposures are the consequences of the intermittent release of pollutants in the environment. Brief exposure of aquatic organisms to high concentrations of pesticides simultaneously occurs, particularly in small watercourses during high flows. The effects of pulse exposure often include effects occurring during and after the exposure. Despite this, routine toxicity tests procedures often ignore brief exposure scenarios and the role of time in toxicity. We conducted a pulse toxicity test by briefly exposing African catfish and Nile tilapia fingerlings to pesticide mixtures of atrazine, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The study aimed to estimate pesticide mixture interaction in pulse-exposed fish and elucidate the influence of species differences on the response of fish to the pesticide mixture.

Results
Despite the similarity in fingerlings weight, African catfish had a significantly higher survival probability than Nile tilapia after exposure to atrazine-mancozeb mixture. However, the survival probability of African catfish and Nile tilapia fingerlings were similar after exposure to atrazine-chlorpyrifos, atrazine-lambda cyhalothrin, mancozeb-chlorpyrifos, mancozeb-lambda cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos-lambda cyhalothrin, and quaternary mixture (p > 0.05). The survival probability of exposed fingerlings was significantly lower for continuous than pulse exposure to the mixtures (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, the survival probability of 60 min of pulse exposure to 13.49 mg/L mancozeb-lambda cyhalothrin was similar to continuous exposure for 96 h. Atrazine-mancozeb, atrazine-chlorpyrifos, atrazine-lambda cyhalothrin, mancozeb-chlorpyrifos, mancozeb-lambda cyhalothrin, and the quaternary pesticide mixture were antagonists in African catfish but not in Nile tilapia. At the same time, chlorpyrifos-lambda-cyhalothrin was antagonistic in Nile tilapia but not African catfish.

Conclusions
Pesticide mixture interaction was antagonist but specie-dependent. Innate intrinsic and extrinsic deterministic factors and, to a limited extent, stochastic processes may have influenced the survival probability of African catfish, and Nile tilapia pulsed exposed to complex pesticide mixtures. Pulse toxicity assessment using survival analysis is relevant in ecotoxicology as it enables the study of factors that can influence pulse toxicity.
Correlations of frontal resting-state EEG markers with MMSE scores in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Torabinikjeh Majid , Asayesh Vahid , Dehghani Mahdi , Kouchakzadeh Aliakbar , Marhamati Hanie , Gharibzadeh Shahriar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA previous study suggests that resting-state EEG biomarkers measured at prefrontal region (Fp1, and Fp2) are moderately correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, our objective was to investigate whether resting-state EEG biomarkers recorded from frontal region are correlated with each MMSE sub-scores. 20 elderly patients diagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease entered to the study. After completion of MMSE, subjects underwent EEG for 5 min with closed eyes condition. We measured median frequency, theta/alpha power ratio, and relative powers. To examine the relationship between these features and MMSE sub-scores first, Pearson correlation coefficients were computed for each feature and MMSE sub-scores. Then,pvalues were computed for each correlation. Finally, a Bonferroni correction was done.ResultsNine correlations have been found for markers recorded from F3, F7, and Fz. Alpha and beta relative powers were the markers which shows correlations. We found that MMSE overall, attention, and calculation scores are significantly correlated with beta relative powers recorded from F3, and Fz, and alpha relative power from F7. Orientation to time scores were correlated with F3, and Fz beta relative powers. The only correlation found for orientation to place was beta relative power of F3.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there are correlations between frontal EEG markers and MMSE sub-scores of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The results show that alpha and beta relative powers are markers correlated with MMSE scores. It seems that if we want to develop predicting models for Alzheimer’s disease, using data recorded from other frontal electrodes, especially what we have introduced should be considered.