bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 Schutzmaßnahmen in Alten- und Pflegeheimen: zwischen Autonomie und Fürsorge – Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie
Authors: Flatscher-Thöni Magdalena , Holzer Elisabeth , Pallauf Martin , Kreyer Christiane 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Interviewstudie untersucht ethische Herausforderungen des Pflegealltags in Einrichtungen der Langzeitpflege aus Sicht der Pflegepersonen während der Covid-19-Pandemie. Durch das explorative, wie auch deskriptive methodische Vorgehen liegen Interviewdaten vor, die vier Themenbereichen zugeordnet werden können, die eine komplexe und teilweise konfliktreiche Arbeits- und Lebenswirklichkeit der Langzeitpflege in der Pandemie aufzeigen. Zum einen werden von den Pflegepersonen die staatlich und institutionell getroffenen Schutzmaßnahmen sowie die daraus resultierenden Einschränkungen der persönlichen Freiheit der Bewohner:innen kritisch reflektiert und damit verbunden der Grad der Selbstbestimmtheit der Bewohner:innen von Alten- und Pflegeheimen in der Pandemie hinterfragt. Zum anderen wird – gegeben der pandemiebedingten Maßnahmen – das pflegerische Handeln im Arbeits- und Lebensort Heim als herausfordernd und die Möglichkeiten pflegerischer Fürsorge als stark eingeschränkt beschrieben. Genannt werden hier als konkrete Herausforderungen veränderte pflegerische Prozesse und Pflegequalität, wie auch eine veränderte Beziehungsqualität zu den Bewohner:innen.Diese vier Themenbereiche können grundsätzlich den ethischen Prinzipien der Autonomie und Fürsorge zugeordnet werden und präsentieren eine inhaltlich relevante Konkretisierung der prinzipienorientierten ethischen Herausforderungen. In der Zusammenschau und Interpretation der Ergebnisse wird ersichtlich, dass die interviewten Pflegepersonen die Beachtung und Umsetzung des Autonomie-Prinzips im pflegerischen Alltag eng mit dem Fürsorgeprinzip und dem daraus resultierenden Wohltun für die Bewohner:innen verknüpfen.Unsere Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass der in den letzten Jahrzehnten erarbeitete Paradigmenwechsel in der Langzeitpflege durch die Covid-19-Pandemie (zeitweise massiv) geschwächt wurde. Zudem machen die berichteten moralischen Unsicherheiten und Konflikte klar, dass Pflegepersonen Unterstützung hinsichtlich der ethischen Reflexion ihres pflegerischen Handelns benötigen und eine nachhaltige Integration von Ethikberatung in Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen einen möglichen Lösungsansatz darstellen kann.
A review of cybersickness in head-mounted displays: raising attention to individual susceptibility
Authors: Tian Nana , Lopes Phil , Boulic Ronan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCybersickness still poses a significant challenge to the widespread usage of virtual reality, leading to different levels of discomfort and potentially breaking the immersive experience. Researchers have attempted to discover the possible fundamental causes of cybersickness for years. Despite the longstanding interest in the research field, inconsistent results have been drawn on the contributing factors and solutions to combating cybersickness. Moreover, little attention has been paid to individual susceptibility. A consolidated explanation remains under development, requiring more empirical studies with robust and reproducible methodologies. This review presents an integrated survey connecting the findings from previous review papers and the state of the art involving empirical studies and participants. A literature review is then presented, focusing on the practical studies of different contributing factors, the pros and cons of measurements, profiles of cybersickness, and solutions to reduce this phenomenon. Our findings suggest a lack of considerations regarding user susceptibility and gender balance in between groups studies. In addition, incongruities among empirical findings raised concerns. We conclude by suggesting points of insights for future empirical investigations.
A teamwork effectiveness model for agile software development
Authors: Strode Diane , Dingsøyr Torgeir , Lindsjorn Yngve 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTeamwork is crucial in software development, particularly in agile development teams which are cross-functional and where team members work intensively together to develop a cohesive software solution. Effective teamwork is not easy; prior studies indicate challenges with communication, learning, prioritization, and leadership. Nevertheless, there is much advice available for teams, from agile methods, practitioner literature, and general studies on teamwork to a growing body of empirical studies on teamwork in the specific context of agile software development. This article presents the agile teamwork effectiveness model (ATEM) for colocated agile development teams. The model is based on evidence from focus groups, case studies, and multi-vocal literature and is a revision of a general team effectiveness model. Our model of agile teamwork effectiveness is composed of shared leadership, team orientation, redundancy, adaptability, and peer feedback. Coordinating mechanisms are needed to facilitate these components. The coordinating mechanisms are shared mental models, communication, and mutual trust. We critically examine the model and discuss extensions for very small, multi-team, distributed, and safety-critical development contexts. The model is intended for researchers, team members, coaches, and leaders in the agile community.
Scientific Exploration and Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zednik Carlos , Boelsen Hannes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModels developed using machine learning are increasingly prevalent in scientific research. At the same time, these models are notoriously opaque. Explainable AI aims to mitigate the impact of opacity by rendering opaque models transparent. More than being just the solution to a problem, however, Explainable AI can also play an invaluable role in scientific exploration. This paper describes how post-hoc analytic techniques from Explainable AI can be used to refine target phenomena in medical science, to identify starting points for future investigations of (potentially) causal relationships, and to generate possible explanations of target phenomena in cognitive science. In this way, this paper describes how Explainable AI—over and above machine learning itself—contributes to the efficiency and scope of data-driven scientific research.
Driven to Death: a Chinese Case Study on the Counterfeiting of Automotive Components
Authors: Shen Anqi , Turner Sue , Antonopoulos Georgios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnlike other counterfeit products, automotive components are hidden from view and, at least by the lay person, little understood. While the potential scale, scope and impact of the problem is vast, knowledge of this illicit trade is limited. In seeking to contribute to the existing literature on the counterfeiting of auto components, this article focuses on China, a major and growing economy with an expanding vehicle market, a ready internal market for counterfeits and a frequently identified source country of counterfeit goods. Rested upon empirical data from published court judgments in China and open source materials, this article critically explores the counterfeiting of motor vehicle parts inside the country, from manufacture to sale, including identifying the parties involved in the illegitimate business, the counterfeiting process and what motivates the players to engage in it, to gain insights into the social organisation of the illicit trade. Our findings suggest that the trade in counterfeit automotive components does not appear robust from an organisational viewpoint, which tends to be carried out by individuals on the basis of necessity and opportunity rather than authority and formal rationality. The article’s findings forge a link between counterfeiting and social inequality and help argue that given the current socio-economic settings and a booming market of used vehicles, the dirty economy is likely to persist. Furthermore, as the empirical data shows, currently, the nature of the trade in dangerous counterfeit goods is not duly recognised in law enforcement and legal practices.
Outward-sensitive phonologically-conditioned suppletive allomorphy vs. first-last tone harmony in Cilungu
Authors: Rolle Nicholas , Bickmore Lee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a case study of grammatical tone allomorphy in Cilungu (Bantu). Tense/Aspect/Mood designations (TAMs) are realized via co-exponence of prefixes, suffixes, and floating tones. In a minority of TAMs, there is allomorphy with the floating tones. For example, in the Recent Past one allomorph involves floating tone targeting the final mora of the stem ("Equation missing") versus one targeting the stem’s second mora ("Equation missing"2). For all such allomorphic TAMs, the alternation is conditioned by the tone of subject agreement markers (SMs) at the left edge of the word. If the SM is high-toned the "Equation missing"variant occurs, but if it is toneless then "Equation missing"2occurs. We present two competing accounts of these data. Under a morphological account, we posit contextual realizational rules with multiple suppletive exponents conditioned by SM tone. In contrast, under a phonological account a ‘first-last tone harmony’ applies here, morphologically restricted to the context of SMs with a small set of TAMs. Such a harmony rule captures a generalization of these alternations: if the SM is high at the left edge then there is a grammatical high at the right edge, but if the left edge is toneless then grammatical tone does not fall on the right edge. We present several arguments in favor of the morphological analysis (suppletion) over a phonological one (harmony). Specifically, the patterns are not subject to phonological locality, other TAMs involving similar tone patterns are not subject to this harmony, and the proposed first-last tone harmony would be a highly phonologically-unnatural rule with little cross-linguistic support, and exceeding the computational properties of all well-known and established phonological operations. We conclude by discussing a major theoretical implication of the morphological account: this constitutes outward-sensitive phonologically-conditioned suppletive allomorphy, standardly argued to be unattested and/or impossible. Ultimately, we hold that under either account Cilungu presents a novel and important contribution to linguistic theory.
Crustal thickness and structural pattern evaluation of Sinai Peninsula using three-dimensional density modeling with aeromagnetic and earthquake data
Authors: Gaber Gaber M. , Saleh Salah , Toni Mostafa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Sinai Peninsula is a subplate located between the African and Arabian plates. It is an important subplate in the world; however, this region is poorly understood because of the shortage of geophysical data. Thus, this study focuses on built a three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution forward model of the crustal thickness with a new tectonic model and structural evaluation of the Sinai Peninsula to understand this area tectonically and determine its lithospheric and crustal thicknesses. Qualitative and quantitative interpretations of Bouguer gravity, reduced-to-the-pole (RTP) aeromagnetic, and earthquake data are explained to achieve the goals of this study. Two-dimensional (2D) interactive sequential modeling of gravity data is performed along with some well-selected profiles with existing crustal layer depth points from previous works in the studied region. Seventeen 2D models are constructed and used to determine the basement, Conrad (lower crust boundary), and Moho (upper mantle boundary) depths and to build a 3D model. Accuracy of the 3D built model is evaluated by extracting observed, calculated, and residual gravity anomaly maps. The results show that the basement rocks appear on the surface in the South of Sinai and deepen (down to 4.5 km) toward the North. The Conrad surface varies approximately from 16 km (in the northeast and southwest of Sinai) to 22.8 km (in the southeast). The Moho surface depth (i.e., crustal thickness) varies approximately from 28.8 to 34.2 km, and it deepens toward the northeastern and southwestern parts of Sinai. A tentative basement structure map is constructed from the horizontal gradient (H-gradient) filter and the 3D Euler deconvolution of the Bouguer gravity and RTP aeromagnetic data. Correlation between the geological background of the study area and the obtained results suggests that the Sinai Peninsula is tectonically active, mainly in its southern portion due to the tectonic movements along the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. The crustal thickness increases southward and thins northward.
Mathematical modelling and discrete mathematics: opportunities for modern mathematics teaching
Authors: Greefrath Gilbert , Siller Hans-Stefan , Vorhölter Katrin , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiscrete mathematics and mathematical modelling, along with the educational discourse surrounding these, have many connections. However, ways that the educational discourse on discrete mathematics can benefit from the inclusion of examples of mathematical modelling and the accompanying discussion are currently under-researched. In this paper, we elaborate on the educational potential of examples of mathematical modelling based on the usage of methods from discrete mathematics, with a focus on secondary education. We first describe vertex-edge graphs as possible topics of discrete mathematics that are accessible at school level within modelling lessons. Secondly, in the context of a case study, we describe modelling activities with students at the end of lower-secondary education, using a classical problem of discrete mathematics originating from the Königsberg bridge problem. The students’ solution processes for this optimisation problem based on graph theory are described. Their approaches are examined referring to the phases of the modelling cycle, using the method of qualitative content analysis. We studied in particular the extent to which students use concepts related to vertex-edge graphs in specific sub-phases of the modelling process. The analysis allows the required sub-competences of modelling to be identified and the connection of these competences with discrete mathematics to be worked out. On the basis of this analysis, educational opportunities of teaching discrete mathematics and mathematical modelling are assessed. Overall, we point out the possibilities and opportunities for using examples from the field of discrete mathematics to acquire modelling competences and to foster the linkage of mathematical modelling and discrete mathematics at school level.
The role of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH): a study of 16 patients
Authors: Rubinstein German , Osswald Andrea , Braun Leah Theresa , Vogel Frederick , Kroiss Matthias , Pilz Stefan , Deniz Sinan , Aigner Laura , Knösel Thomas , Bertherat Jérôme , Bouys Lucas , Ladurner Roland , Riester Anna , Bidlingmaier Martin , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivePrimary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome. Current guidelines recommend bilateral adrenalectomy for PBMAH, but several studies showed clinical effectiveness of unilateral adrenalectomy despite bilateral disease in selected patients. Our aim was to evaluate the gain of information which can be obtained through adrenal venous sampling (AVS) based cortisol lateralization ratios for guidance of unilateral adrenalectomy.DesignWe performed a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with PBMAH and clinical overt cortisol secretion in three centersMethodsSelectivity of adrenal vein sampling during AVS was defined as a gradient of cortisol or a reference adrenal hormone ≥2.0 between adrenal and peripheral vein. Lateralization was assumed if the dominant to non-dominant ratio of cortisol to reference hormone was ≥4.0.ResultsAVS was technically successful in all patients based on absolute cortisol levels and in 13 of 16 patients (81%) based on reference hormone levels. Lateralization was documented in 8 of 16 patients. In patients with lateralization, in 5 of 8 cases this occurred toward morphologically larger adrenals, while in 3 patients lateralization was present in bilaterally identical adrenals. The combined volume of adrenals correlated positively with urinary free cortisol, suggesting that adrenal size is the dominant determinant of cortisol secretion.ConclusionsIn this study the gain of information through AVS for unilateral adrenalectomy was limited in patients with PBMAH and marked adrenal asymmetry.
Regularization of shear banding and prediction of size effects in manufacturing operations: A micromorphic plasticity explicit scheme
Authors: Russo Raffaele , Phalke Vikram , Croizet Didier , Ziane Mustapha , Forest Samuel , Mata Frank Andrés Girot , Chang Hyung-Jun , Roos Arjen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGood quality manufacturing operation simulations are essential to obtain reliable numerical predictions of the processes. In many cases, it is possible to observe that the deformation localizes in narrow areas, and since the primary deformation mode is under shear, these areas are called shear bands. In classical continuum mechanics models, the deformation localization may lead to spurious mesh dependency if the material locally experiences thermal or plastic strain softening. One option to regularize such a non-physical behavior is to resort to non-local continuum mechanics theories. This paper adopts a scalar micromorphic approach, which includes a characteristic length scale in the constitutive framework to enforce the plastic strain gradient theory to regularize the solution. Since many manufacturing process simulations are often assessed through finite element methods with an explicit solver to facilitate convergence, we present an original model formulation and procedure for the implementation of the micromorphic continuum in an explicit finite element code. The approach is illustrated in the case of the VPS explicit solver from ESI GROUP. According to the original formulation, we propose an easy way to implement a scalar micromorphic approach by taking advantage of an analogy with the thermal balance equation. The numerical implementation is verified against the analytical solution of a semi-infinite glide problem. Finally, the correctness of the method is addressed by successfully predicting size effects both in a cutting and a bending tests.
Comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis regulation patterns and their influence on tumor immune microenvironment and patient prognosis in glioma
Authors: Fan Tianyu , Wan Yi , Niu Delei , Wang Bin , Zhang Bei , Zhang Zugui , Zhang Yue , Gong Zheng , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy with a poor prognosis. Although remarkable advances have been made in the study of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, the efficacy of current treatment strategies is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, developing novel and reliable targets is desperately needed for glioma patients. Pyroptosis reshapes tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and promotes the destruction of the tumor by the immune system. Moreover, pyroptosis levels correlate with prognosis and immunotherapy response in many cancer patients. This study performed a comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis in the glioma, unveiling its potential value in glioma prognosis prediction and therapy efficacy.

Methods
Firstly, the pyroptosis regulation patterns were comprehensively evaluated on 33 pyroptosis-related genes in 1716 glioma samples. The correlations were analyzed between pyroptosis regulation patterns and TME immune cell infiltration properties. Next, pyroptosis regulation patterns were measured by the PSscore model based on principal component analysis algorithms. The correlations were analyzed between PSscore and tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic advantages. Last, the findings were validated in an independently collected external clinical cohort.

Results
We determined two distinct pyroptosis regulation patterns. The cluster-A was high immune cell infiltration with a poor prognosis (p < 0.001), whereas the cluster-B was low immune cell infiltration with a better prognosis (p < 0.001). We developed the PSscore as a measure for pyroptosis regulation patterns. The high PSscore with an inflamed TME phenotype, a high TMB (p < 0.0001), increased innate immune response, and a poor prognosis (p < 0.001). It was in stark contrast to the low PSscore (p < 0.001). Analysis of PSscore with checkpoint therapy indicated high PSscore were correlated with enhanced response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (p = 0.0046). For validation, we utilized in vitro experiments on an external clinical cohort. The results demonstrated that GSDMD expression level in the high PSscore group was significantly upregulated compared to the low PSscore group (p < 0.001); the CD3+ T cells and the CD3+PD-1+ cells significantly increased in the high PSscore group compared to the low PSscore group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The PSscore of pyroptosis regulation pattern is a reliable biomarker, and it is valuable to predict prognosis, TME, and ICB therapeutic efficiency in glioma patients.
Prediction Models for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in India: Methodological Considerations for an Emerging Topic
Authors: Pereira Gavin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStillbirth is over-represented in lower and lower-middle-income countries and understandably this has motivated greater research investment in the development of prediction models. Prediction is particularly challenging for pregnancy outcomes because only part of the population is represented in observational research. Notably, unrecognised pregnancies and miscarriages are typically excluded from the development of prediction models and the consequences of such selection are not well understood. Other methodological challenges in developing stillbirth prediction models are within the control of the researcher. Identifying whether the intended model is for aetiological explanation versus prediction, attainment of a sufficiently large representative sample, and internal and external validation are among such methodological considerations. These considerations are discussed in relation to a recently published study on prediction of stillbirth after 28 weeks of pregnancy for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in India. The predictive ability of this model amounts to the flip of a coin. Future screening based on such a model may be expensive, increase psychological distress among patients and introduce additional iatrogenic perinatal morbidities from over-treatment. Future research should address the methodological considerations described in this article.