bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unintended Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on The Rate Of Catheter Related Nosocomial Infections and Prevalence of Multiple Drug Resistance Pathogens in Three Intensive Care Units Not Allocated to Covid-19 Patients in A Large Teaching Hospital
Authors: Zand Farid , Vakili Hedayatollah , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Masjedi Mansoor , Sabetian Golnar , Nikandish Reza , Shafiee Elham , Esfehani Azita Tabatabaei , Azadi Fatemeh , Dashti Anahita Sanaei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of resistant hospital infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) increases mortality and antibiotic resistance. Covid-19 pandemic may have unintended impact on nosocomial infections (NI) and the prevalence of resistant microorganism. MethodologyThe present non-interventional study was performed by a pre and a post survey each lasting eight months before (March-October 2019) and after (March - October 2021) the onset of Covid-19 pandemic in three ICU’s, not allocated to Covid-19 patients, in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. The rates of the following nosocomial infections were compared at pre- and post-pandemic period: ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and prevalence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) pathogens.ResultsPre-pandemic and pandemic incidence of VAP was 23.5 and 17.2 cases per 1,000 device-days, respectively; an absolute decrease of 27%. The main reason for the decrease in the rate of VAP during the pandemic was a significant decrease in the rate of VAP caused by Acinetobacter baumannii; from 39% to 17% in total VAP episodes. The rate of VAP associated with other microorganisms remained relatively unchanged from 14.2 cases in pre-pandemic period to 14.3 cases per 1,000 MV-days during the pandemic (P =0.801). Pre-pandemic incidence of CLABSI was 7.3 cases and, in pandemic period, was 6.5 cases per 1,000 device-days (IRR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.43-1.73, P =0.703). Pre-pandemic incidence of CAUTI was 2 and in pandemic period, was 1.4 cases per 1,000 device-days (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.22-1.98, P =0.469).ConclusionThe results of the present study showed a decrease in the incidence of VAP in critically ill non-Covid-19 patients during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic, especially regarding Acinetobacter Baumannii.
Single Versus Multiple Doses Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Elective Caesarean Section at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Pobee Frederickson 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective To compare the effectiveness of single dose to multiple doses antibiotic prophylaxis for elective caesarean section in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.Design Randomized non-inferiority comparative studySetting and population Eighty-six (86) pregnant women admitted for elective caesarean section and treated with single dose antibiotic and 86 pregnant women admitted for elective caesarean section and treated with multiple doses antibiotic in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.Methods This study was randomized into two groups. Group A were given single dose of Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium and metronidazole while group B were given multiple doses. The patients were examined on postoperative day 3, 14, 42 for signs of wound infection and endometritis. Statistical analysis was done using the student t-test and the chi-square test. Results were presented in cumulative incidence and as odds ratio together with 95% confidence intervals and P-value. Main outcome Effectiveness of single dose to multiple doses antibiotic prophylaxis for elective caesarean sectionResults: The SSI over the study period was 9.4%. All infections were superficial incisional SSI. Six (7.1%) and 10(11.6%) of the patients in the single dose and multiple dose arm respectively had wound infection. A statistically non-significant difference of 4.5% (difference 4.5: 95% CI -13.1- 4.1) (p = 0.305) was observed. Conclusions These results suggest that a single prophylactic intravenous dose of Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 1.2g and Metronidazole (500mg) given before caesarean section is non-inferior to a multiple dose regimen with regards to post caesarean section SSI.
Grassland-woodland transitions over decadal timescales in the Terai-Duar Savanna and Grasslands of the Indian subcontinent.
Authors: Banerjee Subham , Das Dhritiman , John Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The decline of grasslands and savanna due to woodland encroachment is a matter of global concern. In the Terai-Duar Savanna and Grassland ecoregion (hereafter terai), located at the base of the Himalayas in the Indian subcontinent, there are indications that grasslands and savanna are being lost, with unknown consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. We assessed large-scale vegetation changes in terai eight large protected terai habitats over three decades (1989-2019) and quantified the environmental and anthropogenic drivers of the observed changes using Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive spatial models. Notably, very little grasslands remain and the initial extent of 1417 km2 declined to 923 km2 (34.4%) in 30 years. Woodland area increased from 3235 km2 to 3516 km2 (8.7%). Dry season grass fire had the strongest influence on grassland persistence, followed by anthropogenic impacts. Terai ecosystems also experience significant threats from climatic changes and increasing human footprint, particularly in India.
Evaluation of Escherichia coli hydrogenases in persistence
Authors: Shekhar Chandra , KAI Tomonori , WOOD Thomas K. , MAEDA Toshinari 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Persistence enables a subpopulation of tolerant bacteria to survive in the presence of a bactericidal antibiotic. Reports indicate the non-inherited nature of persistence; however, it also seems to be a genetically influenced phenomenon that has evolved to allow the organisms to survive in sudden environmental insults. In contrary to some reports, lowered available pool of ATP, NAD, and ROS leads to increased survival via slowing down the metabolism and resulting in an increased persister fraction. In this study, the hydrogenases of Escherichia coli were analyzed for their role in persistence, where four hydrogenase operon deletion mutants were evaluated before and after antibiotic treatment. As result, the expressions of hydrogenases and cellular viability (specifically hyd-1, 2, 3) were found elevated in antibiotic-treated cells, indicating their influential roles in persistence. Further work elucidated the affected ATP, NAD, and metabolism in the antibiotic-treated mutant cells. The transcriptomic analysis further revealed a wide genomic connectivity of hydrogenases to influence persistence in E. coli. Hydrogenases were mainly reported for their essential roles in bacterial hydrogen metabolism, this study further demonstrates their probable role in bacterial survival against antibiotic stress.
Identification of TLN1 as a prognostic biomarker to effect cell proliferation and differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Cui Di , Cui Xilong , Zhang Wenjing , Yu Yu , Gao Xinying , Mei Chuanzhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The protein Talin1 encoded by the TLN1 gene is a focal adhesion-related protein that binds to various cytoskeletal proteins and plays an important role in cell adhesion and movement. Recent studies have shown that it is overexpressed in prostate cancer, liver cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, and is closely related to tumor progression and metastasis. This study integrated bioinformatics and functional analysis to reveal the prognosis and potential functions of TLN1 in AML. The results showed that the expression level of TLN1 was abnormally increased in AML and localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, which is a significant prognostic indicator of overall survival(OS). Enrichment analysis of related genes showed that TLN1 is related to neutrophil mediated immunity, neutrophil activation and may regulate important signal pathways in hematological tumors including tyrosine kinase receptor, FLT3 and PIK3/AKT. The PPI network shows that TLN1 and MYH9 may be involved in the process of AML tumors together with PIP5K1C, ROCK1, S100A4, MY01A and WAC. Immune infiltration analysis explains that TLN1 is associated with multiple immune cells and may be an important immune marker in AML. Furthermore, molecular biology experiments confirmed that TLN1 is related to the proliferation, differentiation and cycle of AML cells. Silencing TLN1 can inhibit the proliferation of AML cells and promote differentiation through the Talin1/P-AKT/CREB signaling pathway.
Obesity is Associated With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Disease in Acute Optic Neuritis
Authors: Stiebel-Kalish Hadas , Rubarth Kerstin , Blum Karni , Tiosano Alon , Lotan Itay , Hellmann Mark A. , Wilf-Yarkoni Adi , Bialer Omer , Flanagan Eoin P. , Pittock Sean J. , Bhatti M. Tariq , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Friedemann Paul , Asseyer Susanna , Chen John J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody disease (MOGAD) at onset. The pathophysiology underlying these diseases, especially MOGAD, is still being elucidated. While obesity has been reported to potentially be a risk factor for MS, this has not been explored in NMOSD or MOGAD. We aimed to investigate a possible association between obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m²) and patients with MOGAD, NMOSD or MS. Methods: Multicenter non-interventional retrospective data collection from a first ever demyelinating attack of ON in patients subsequently diagnosed with MOGAD, NMOSD or MS between 2005-2020. The following data was collected: age, gender, ethnicity, BMI at disease onset and the etiology of ON after diagnostic work-up. A mixed model analysis was performed to assess the ability of obesity or BMI to predict MOGAD-ON and distinguish MOGAD-ON from NMOSD- and MS-ON. Main outcome measures included BMI in patients with acute ON and subsequent diagnosis of MOGAD, NMOSD or MS. Results: One-hundred and eighty-three patients were included: 44 with MOGAD, 49 with NMOSD, and 90 with MS. A higher BMI was significantly associated with a diagnosis of MOGAD-ON (p<0.001); in MOGAD patients the mean BMI was 31.6 kg/m² (standard deviation (SD) 7.2), while the mean BMI was 24.7 kg/m² (SD 5.3) in NMOSD patients and 26.9 kg/m² (SD 6.2) in MS patients. Mixed effects multionimal logistic regression, adjusted for age and gender with obesity as a binary variable revealed that obesity was associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of a subsequent MOGAD diagnosis (OR 5.466, 95% CI: [2.039, 14.650], p = 0.001) in contradistinction with NMOSD. Conclusion: This study suggests an association between obesity and MOGAD. Our finding requires further exploration, but could have significant pathophysiologic implications if confirmed in larger prospective studies.
Isobavachalcone Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammasome-related Pyroptosis and Induces Apoptosis via Arresting Cell Cycle in Glioblastoma
Authors: Wu Yueshan , Chang Jing , Ge Juanjuan , Xu Kangyan , Zhou Quan , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhu Ni , Hu Meichun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the worst and most common malignant intracranial tumor with high mortality rates and almost invariably poor prognosis even after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and emerging immunotherapies. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic drugs for GBM treatment. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of one natural chalcone—Isobavachalcone (IBC) on GBM and clarify its anti-cancer mechanisms. It was observed that IBC could inhibit GBM cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and prevent tumor growth without any significant drug toxicity in vivo. Mechanistically, IBC may target NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) transcription factor estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) by network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Experimentally, IBC reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-related pyroptosis and inflammation, arrested cell cycle at G1 phase, and induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in GBM cells. These results indicated that IBC is a potential therapeutic drug against GBM and provide a new insight into GBM treatment.
Family Caregivers’ Preparedness to Support the Physical Activity of Patients at Risk for Hospital Readmission in Rural Communities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fox Mary T. , Butler Jeffrey I. , Sidani Souraya , Nguyen An 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical activity in the post-discharge period is important to maximize patient recovery and prevent hospital readmission. Healthcare providers have identified family caregivers as potential facilitators of patients’ engagement in physical activity. Yet, there is very little research on family caregivers’ perspectives on their preparedness to support the physical activity of patients, particularly those at risk for hospital readmission in rural communities. Accordingly, this study explored family caregivers’ perspectives on their preparedness to support the physical activity of a recently discharged, rural-dwelling relative at risk for hospital readmission.
Methods
In this qualitative descriptive study, semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone with sixteen family caregivers. Interview transcripts were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis.
Results
Participants were predominantly women (n = 14; 87.5%) with an average age of 49 years (range 26–67) who were the primary caregivers of a relative who had been hospitalized for a medical illness (n = 12; 63%) and was at high risk for hospital readmission. Four themes were identified: 1) family caregivers felt unprepared to support their relative’s physical activity, 2) family caregivers believed that rest was more important than physical activity to their relative’s recovery, 3) insufficient preparation for physical activity led to family caregiver-relative conflicts, and 4) to defuse these conflicts, some family caregivers wanted healthcare providers to be responsible for promoting physical activity.
Conclusions
Despite assertions that family caregivers are a potential source of support for patient physical activity, our findings indicate that family caregivers are largely unprepared to assume that role and that more work needs to be done to ensure they can do so effectively. We suggest that healthcare providers be conscious of the potential for family caregiver-relative conflict surrounding physical activity, assess family caregivers’ ability and willingness to support physical activity, educate them on the hazards of inactivity, and provide physical activity instructions to family caregivers and patients conjointly. Preparing family caregivers to support their relative’s physical activity is particularly important given the current emphasis on early discharge in many jurisdictions, and the limited formal healthcare services available in rural communities.
The Predictive Value of CHFR Methylation for Chemotherapy Response and Prognosis in Cancer Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Wenjia , Xiang Qian , Liu Qianxin , Zhang Hanxu , Zhang Xiaodan , Cui Yimin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: CHFR (checkpoint with FHA and RING finger) methylation is a promising biomarker of treatment response and cancer prognosis, whereas the predictive role of it remains controversial. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to quantify the predictive impact of this biomarker in cancer patients.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov. were searched to identify studies that assessed the association between CHFR methylation and clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Treatment response was the primary endpoint, and overall survival (OS) and recurrence were the secondary endpoints.Results: Thirteen studies with 2185 cancer patients met the inclusion criteria were included. Our study showed that CHFR methylation was not associated with the chemotherapy response (odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38–2.31, P =0.88). As for OS, we found no statistically significant association either (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.86–1.50, P = 0.36), except in patients treated with surgery alone (HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06-1.77, P = 0.02). Moreover, CHFR methylation was significantly associated with recurrence (HR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.25–3.25, P=0.004).Conclusion: Our study indicates that CHFR methylation cannot be a predictive factor for response to chemotherapy, but might be a biomarker of OS and recurrence in cancer patient. Future studies should be conducted to reduce confounding and explore the mechanism.
Ignoring socio-political realities in 1.5°C pathways overplays coal power phaseout compared to other climate mitigation options
Authors: Muttitt Greg , Price James , Pye Steve , Welsby Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In IPCC pathways limiting warming to 1.5˚C, global coal power generation declines rapidly, due to its emissions intensity and substitutability. However, at the national level, we find that in countries highly dependent on coal generation - China, India and South Africa - this translates to a decline twice as fast as achieved historically for any power technology in any country, relative to system size. To explore a more societally feasible balance of mitigation, we constrain an integrated assessment model to the Powering Past Coal Alliance’s differentiated pace of phaseout, by 2030 in OECD/EU and 2050 elsewhere. We find that limiting warming to 1.5˚C then requires CO2 emissions reductions in the Global North to be roughly 50% faster than if this socio-political reality is neglected. This additional mitigation is focused in Europe and the USA, in transport and industry, and implies faster decline in global oil and gas production.
Spatial distribution and Determinates of poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia using data from Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2019: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Muhye Addis Bilal , Assimamaw NegaTezera , Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Alemu Tewodros Getaneh , Techane Masresha Asmare , Wubneh Chalachew Adugna , Belay GetanehMulualem , Kassie DestayeGuadie , Wondim Amare , Terefe Bewuketu , Tarekegn Bethelihem Tigabu , Ali Mohammed Seid , Fentie Beletech , Gonete Almaz Tefera , Tekeba Berhan , Kassa Selam Fisiha , Desta Bogale Kassahun , Ayele Amare Demsie , Dessie Melkamu Tilahun , Atalell Kendalem Asmare 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Vitamin A is an essential element that supports rapid growth, builds the immune system, and prevents infection. In impoverished countries like Ethiopia, however, consumption of vitamin A-rich foods is a major problem. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions and determinants of poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia.
Methods
Data were obtained from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2019. Spatial autocorrelation was done to test whether the poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A had spatial dependency or not. Spatial SAT scan analysis and Hotspot (Getis Ord Gi*) were used to detect spatial clustering of poor consumption. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with poor consumption of vitamin A-rich foods. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were declared to be significant predictors of poor consumption of vitamin A-rich foods.
Result
The analysis looked at 1,605 children aged 6 to 23 months. In Ethiopia, poor consumption of vitamin A-rich foods was found to be prevalent in 61.2% of the population, with significant spatial variation. Spatial clustering of poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A was observed in the Amhara, Somali, and Afar regions. At the individual level, the odds of poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 12–17 and 18–23 months were 0.57 (95%CI (0.39, 0.84)) and 0.39 (95%CI (0.26, 0.58)) respectively. At the community level, the odds of poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Afar, Amhara and Somali were 6.07 (95%CI (2.59, 14.23)), 2.27 (95% CI (1.16, 4.44)) and 57.39 (95%CI (11.76, 279.90)) respectively.
Conclusion
In Ethiopia, poor consumption of vitamin A-rich foods among children aged 6 to 23 months varied significantly by region, with the highest prevalence found in the Amhara, Somali, and Afar regions. Child age, media exposure, maternal education, and regions were the significant predictors of poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A. Through improving maternal education and creating awareness through mass media, interventions are targeted to improve the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A.
A cutaneous receptors-mimicking system for real-time and multimodal detection of tactile stimuli
Authors: Lee Bo-Yeon , Kim Seonggi , Oh Sunjong , Lee Youngoh , Park Jonghwa , Ko Hyunhyub , Koo Ja Choon , Jung Young-Do , Lim Hyuneui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A human can intuitively perceive and comprehend complicated tactile information, when interacting with objects, owing to the different cutaneous receptors distributed in the fingertip skin. Many research groups have attempted to mimic the structure and receptors of the skin to develop next-generation tactile sensors that can precisely and seamlessly deliver the overall tactile sensation. In this study, we propose a real-time multimodal tactile system that mimics the sensing qualities of cutaneous receptors entirely by simultaneously acquiring four types of decoupled tactile information in real time using multiple sensors integrated into three dimensions (3D), a signal-processing module, and a transmission module. The interconnections between 3D-integrated sensors and the signal-processing module were manufactured by 3D printing methods to have an adaptable shape. Furthermore, the proposed system can differentiate between various tactile stimuli, texture characteristics, and consecutive complex motions depending on the decoupled tactile sensing signals of pressure, shear force, vibration, and temperature. We believe that the results of this study can provide a novel design for a skin-like, perceivable, tactile sensing system for application in soft robotics, human-machine interfaces, health monitoring systems, and biomedical devices.
Hybrid Transcranial Access for Venous Sinus Stenting
Authors: Xian Elissa , Ng Angela Li Ching , Morrison Thomas , Allan Rodney 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThere is increasing evidence to demonstrate the use and efficacy of venous sinus angioplasty in select patients with medically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and venous sinus stenosis. In patients with challenging venous access, transcranial access to the venous sinus may be required. MethodsWe describe the novel technique of open cranial access for venous sinus stenting and demonstrate that it is safe and effective in the appropriate candidate.Results and ConclusionTranscranial venous sinus stenting for IIH has not yet been described in the adult population. It utilises combined open and endovascular techniques, which are safe and effective where distal access is not feasible.