bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young children expect pretend object identities to be known only by their partners in joint pretence
Authors: Andrási Krisztina , Schvajda Réka , Király Ildikó 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study examined whether three‐year‐old children (age = 42–48 months, n = 57; 31 boys) understand that object identities stipulated during pretend play could only be known by people witnessing the stipulation. Children participated in pretend scenarios that included some objects and two experimenters. Two pretend episodes corresponded to an object: one connected to its conventional function, the other to a pretend identity made‐up on the spot. These episodes happened either in the presence or absence of the other person. In the test phase, this experimenter expressed an intention to do something with an object and asked for a ‘missing’ prop. The prediction was that in case she was present previously, children would be more likely to select the prop corresponding to a pretence stipulation, compared to when she was absent. The results confirmed this pattern: in the absent condition, 68.42% of the participants chose the prop connected to the conventional use of the object, while 31.58% chose the prop corresponding to its identity stipulated in pretend play. It seems that preschool aged children refrain from generalizing their knowledge about the pretend identity of an object, in case their interactive partner could not know of this identity.
Skin symptoms in veterinary assistant staff and veterinarians: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Beine Alexandra , Gina Michal , Hoffmeyer Frank , Lotz Anne , Nöllenheidt Christoph , Zahradnik Eva , Sander Ingrid , Kleinmüller Olaf , Fartasch Manigé , Nienhaus Albert , Raulf Monika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundVeterinary assistants and veterinarians are at an increased risk of developing an occupational skin disease, for example, irritant/allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria and hand eczema (HE).ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of skin problems and the influence of predisposing factors especially among veterinary assistants.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among veterinary assistant staff (n = 103) and veterinarians (n = 19). A questionnaire, specific IgE determination and photographs of hands were evaluated for skin symptoms. Logistic regression models assessed predisposing factors.ResultsOver 50% (n = 62/122) of our study population reported hand eczema (HE) in the last 12 months (1‐year prevalence). Twenty‐seven subjects reported redness and contact urticaria directly after animal contact, 35 had a positive history of allergic contact dermatitis. HE was associated with (i) increased frequency of hand washing (11–15 times per day; OR 4.15, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.18–14.6, p = 0.027, univariate model) and (ii) unprotected contact to fluids and tensides >5 times per day (OR 4.56, CI 95% 1.53–13.6, multivariate model).ConclusionsWe observed a high prevalence of self‐reported HE among staff in veterinary practices. Excessive hand washing, unprotected contact with irritants and long‐term glove use should be avoided.
Organ donation after self‐inflicted injury: A single institution analysis
Authors: Meyer Courtney H. , Grant April A. , Enofe Nosayaba , Matey Andrew , Frankinburger Emil , Sola Richard , Nguyen Jonathan , Andrade Ivan F. Pradilla , Veselsky Steven L. , Sciarretta Jason , Williams Keneeshia N. , Kim Steven , Smith Randi N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study sought to determine the contribution of self‐inflicted injury‐related deaths to local organ donation rates and analyze contributing factors.MethodsA retrospective review of adult patients with traumatic self‐inflicted injuries was performed at a Level I trauma center from 2013 to 2017. Data were obtained from the institutional trauma registry and cross‐referenced with the local organ procurement organization (OPO). Referral rates were analyzed and outcomes, demographics and injury characteristics were compared between patients who underwent donation versus those who did not.Results142 adult patients presented with traumatic self‐inflicted injury, and 100 (70.4%) had referral calls made to the local OPO. These patients were predominantly male (83%), and gunshot injuries accounted for 75% of all mechanisms. Sixty‐four percent had organ referrals versus tissue referrals (34%), and 17 (26.6%) of those patients went on to donate. The median number of organs procured was 4 [IQR 0‐5]. In multivariate analysis, for each year increase in age, patients were less likely to have an organ referral (OR = .96 [95% CI .93–.99]; p = .0134) and less likely to undergo donation (OR = .95 [95% CI .90–.99]; p = .0308).ConclusionsSelf‐inflicted injury, though tragic, may provide a significant contribution to the limited organ donor registry.
Fundoscopy use in neurology departments and the utility of smartphone photography: a prospective prevalence and crossover diagnostic accuracy study amongst neurology inpatients
Authors: He George , Dunn Hamish P. , Ahmad Kate E. , Watson Eloise , Henderson Andrew , Tynan Dominique , Leaney John , White Andrew J. , Hewitt Alex W. , Fraser Clare L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough fundoscopy is a crucial part of the neurological examination, it is challenging, under‐utilized and unreliably performed. The aim was to determine the prevalence of fundus pathology amongst neurology inpatients and the diagnostic accuracy of current fundoscopy practice compared with systematic screening with smartphone fundoscopy (SF) and portable non‐mydriatic fundus photography (NMFP).MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional surveillance and diagnostic accuracy study on adult patients admitted under neurology in an Australian hospital. Inpatients were randomized to initial NMFP (RetinaVue 100, Welch Allyn) or SF (D‐EYE) followed by a crossover to the alternative modality. Images were graded by neurology doctors, using telemedicine consensus neuro‐ophthalmology NMFP grading as the reference standard. Feasibility parameters included ease, comfort and speed.ResultsOf 79 enrolled patients, 14.1% had neurologically relevant pathology (seven, disc pallor; one, hypertensive retinopathy; three, disc swelling). The neurology team performed direct ophthalmoscopy in 6.6% of cases and missed all abnormalities. SF had a sensitivity of 30%–40% compared with NMFP (45.5%); however, it had a lower rate of screening failure (1% vs. 13%, p < 0.001), a shorter examination time (1.10 vs. 2.25 min, p < 0.001) and a slightly higher patient comfort rating (9.2 vs. 8/10, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study demonstrates a clinically significant prevalence of fundus pathology amongst neurology inpatients which was missed by current fundoscopy practices. Portable NMFP screening appears more accurate than SF, whilst both are diagnostically superior to routine fundoscopic practice, feasible and well tolerated by patients.
Provoked seizures and status epilepticus in a pediatric population with COVID‐19 disease
Authors: Thongsing Apirada , Eizadkhah Donya , Fields Cheryl , Ballaban‐Gil Karen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe are reporting 16 pediatric patients (ages 0–18‐years‐old) who presented to our urban hospital emergency room with seizures and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during the surge of the Omicron variant. There was an increased number of pediatric patients with seizures and COVID‐19 during this period as compared to prior COVID‐19 surges. The 16 patients ranged in age from 3 months to 12 years of age. Five of the 16 patients (31%) had a prior history of epilepsy. Eight patients (50%) presented in status epilepticus, and in six patients (38%) the seizures appeared to have focal features. Fourteen patients (88%) presented with a complex provoked seizure defined as exhibiting either focality, seizure >5 min in length, or more than one seizure in 24 h. We suggest that in the pediatric population, when compared to prior variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the Omicron variant is more likely to be associated with neurologic symptoms, including complex provoked seizures.
A snapshot of the economic benefits from foreign bottom trawling in coastal West Africa: A mutually‐beneficial trade in services, no winners or extractivism?
Authors: Virdin John , Vegh Tibor , Akester Stephen , Chu Jingjie , Baio Andrew , Hamilton Jill , Macias Javier , Matthiasson Steinar , Sherif Sheck , Grieco Dana I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale fishing effort in the waters of tropical and lower income countries is predominantly driven by ‘distant water fishing fleets’ often owned by companies based in a small number of countries and has been associated with a range of negative environmental and social outcomes. West Africa is an example where such fleets are a dominant feature. In the waters of Guinea‐Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ghana, 75% of all licensed bottom trawl vessels in 2017 either registered (‘flagged’) or largely owned in China. In this context, we examined the size and distribution of the economic outcomes from operation of these vessels in above five countries to better understand the impacts of these coastal states’ decision for allocating access to the distant water bottom trawl fleet. Based on analysis of heterogeneous sources of data, we estimate that in 2017 the China‐flagged or owned coastal bottom trawl fleets generated little to no net economic benefits in terms of resource rent for either the companies or the coastal states in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ghana. Significantly higher economic benefits were generated from the offshore fishery in Guinea‐Bissau (US$31 million) and Guinea (US$25–38 million), largely captured by the companies owning the China‐flagged fleet. The size and distribution of the resource rent suggest that based solely of economic measures, the five coastal states may want to better assess the terms of these access arrangements for the foreign‐flagged or owned bottom trawl fleets. The fishing companies may need to reassess the sustainability of their operations, particularly in the southern states for long‐term economic benefits.
Platelet function testing: Current practice among clinical centres in Northern Europe
Authors: Szanto Timea , Zetterberg Eva , Ramström Sofia , Leinøe Eva B. , Holme Pål A. , Antovic Jovan P. , Holmström Margareta , Onundarson Pall T. , Pikta Marika , Vaide Ines , Olsson Anna , Magnusson Maria , Kärkkäinen Satu , Bitar Manar , Poulsen Lone Hvitfeldt , Lassila Riitta ,   the Nordic Haemophilia Council
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPlatelet function tests are used to screen and diagnose patients with possible inherited platelet function defects (IPFD). Some acquired platelet dysfunction may be caused by certain drugs or comorbidities, which need to be excluded before testing.AimsTo identify current practice among centres performing platelet function tests in Northern Europe.MethodsA total of 14 clinical centres from Sweden (six), Finland (two), Denmark (two), Norway (one), Estonia (two) and Iceland (one) completed the survey questionnaire, the population capture area of about 29.5 million.ResultsSix of the 14 (42.8%) centres providing platelet function assessment represent comprehensive treatment centres (EUHANET status). A Bleeding score (BS) or ISTH bleeding assessment tool (ISTH BAT score) is evaluated in 11/14 (78.6%) centres and family history in all. Five/14 centres (35.7%) use structured preanalytical patient instructions, and 10/14 (71.4%) recorded questionnaire on the preassessment of avoidance of any drugs or natural products affecting platelet functions. Preliminary investigations of screening tests of coagulation are performed in 10/14 (71.4%), while in 4/14 (28.6%), the diagnostic work‐up of IPFD and von Willebrand disease (VWD) is performed simultaneously. The work‐up of IPFD includes peripheral blood smear in 10/14 (71.4%), platelet aggregometry in all, flow cytometry in 10/14 (71.4%) and Platelet Function Analysis (PFA) in 3/11 (28.6%). Molecular genetic diagnosis is available in 7/14 (50%) centres.ConclusionsThe considerable variability in the current practice illustrates the need for harmonization between the Northern European centres according to the international registers (i.e. EUHASS) and IPFD guidelines (ISTH, EHA).
Novel histological scoring for predicting disease outcome in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Sjöblom Nelli , Boyd Sonja , Kautiainen Hannu , Arola Johanna , Färkkilä Martti 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic liver disease that may lead to liver cirrhosis or cholangiocarcinoma. Liver histology and fibrosis stage are predictive markers of disease progression, and histological cirrhosis is defined as a significant endpoint. PSC‐specific histological scoring methods are lacking at present. We aimed to develop a tailored classification system for PSC, the PSC histoscore, based on histological features associated with disease progression.MethodsIn total, 300 PSC patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2018 were enrolled; their data were collected from the PSC registry (Helsinki University Hospital), and liver specimens were obtained from the Biobank of Helsinki. Five histological features included in the adapted Nakanuma scoring system and three additional parameters typical for PSC histology were evaluated and compared with the clinical and laboratory data. A compound endpoint consisting of liver transplantation, development of cholangiocarcinoma, or death was used as outcome measurement.ResultsStage (fibrosis, bile duct loss, ductular reaction, and chronic cholestasis) and grade (portal inflammation, portal edema, hepatitis activity, and cholangitis activity) parameters were found to be independent predictive risk factors for the compound endpoint (P < 0.001). High disease grade (2–6) and stage (2–4) better correlated with clinical endpoints when evaluated with the PSC histoscore system compared to the adapted Nakanuma classification. The risk for disease progression in sequential endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) examinations was increased with elevated total PSC histoscores.ConclusionThe PSC histoscore is a novel histological classification system for PSC. Our findings support the applicability of liver histology as a marker for disease progression.
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in older individuals with HIV: Results of a 96‐week, phase 3b, open‐label, switch trial in virologically suppressed people ≥65 years of age
Authors: Maggiolo Franco , Rizzardini Giuliano , Molina Jean‐Michel , Pulido Federico , De Wit Stephane , Vandekerckhove Linos , Berenguer Juan , D'Antoni Michelle L. , Blair Christiana , Chuck Susan K. , Piontkowsky David , Martin Hal , Haubrich Richard , McNicholl Ian R. , Gallant Joel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesBictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) is an effective treatment for HIV‐1 infection; however, clinical trial data in older people living with HIV (PLWH) are lacking. The primary 24‐week and secondary 48‐week analyses of study GS‐US‐380‐4449 (NCT03405935), which assessed the efficacy and safety of switching to B/F/TAF in older PLWH, have been published. Here we report the results of the final 96‐week analyses from the study.MethodsIn this 96‐week, phase 3b, open‐label, single‐arm trial, virologically suppressed PLWH aged ≥65 years switched from elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide or a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate‐based regimen to B/F/TAF. Viral suppression, resistance, immune response, safety, tolerability and adherence were evaluated through week 96.ResultsOf 90 participants screened, 86 were enrolled and switched to B/F/TAF. No participants had HIV‐1 RNA ≥50 copies/ml (by FDA Snapshot algorithm) at weeks 72 or 96; virologic suppression rates were 94.2% (81/86; 95% CI 87.0–98.1) and 74.4% (64/86; 95% CI 63.9–83.2), respectively. No treatment‐emergent resistance was observed, and CD4 counts remained stable. There were no study drug‐related serious adverse events. Three participants experienced drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events that led to premature drug discontinuation. There were no clinically relevant changes from baseline to week 96 in fasting lipid parameters, and the median change in body weight at week 96 was 0.0 kg (IQR −2.3, 2.0). Median self‐reported adherence was 100% (IQR 100–100%).ConclusionsSwitching to B/F/TAF is an effective long‐term option for virologically suppressed adults ≥65 years of age, with favourable safety and tolerability profiles in this population.
The intellectual capital supporting nurse practice in a post‐emergency state: A case study
Authors: Ridge Laura Jean , Liebermann Erica Jean , Stimpfel Amy Witkoski , Klar Robin Toft , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Squires Allison Patricia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the resources supporting current nurse practice in the post‐emergency country of Liberia, using the nursing intellectual capital framework, as nurses work to meet the targets set by Government of Liberia's Essential Package of Health Services.DesignCase study.MethodsData were collected in Liberia February–June 2019. Direct observation, semi‐structured interviews and photographs were used to investigate how nurse practice is supported. Field notes, transcripts and photographs were coded using both directed and conventional content analysis. Reports were then generated by code to triangulate the data.ResultsThirty‐seven nurses at 12 health facilities participated. The intellectual capital supporting inpatient and outpatient nurse practice differs in important ways. Inpatient nurse practice is more likely to be supported by facility‐based protocols and trainings, whereas outpatient nurse practice is more likely to be supported by external protocols and trainings, often developed by the Liberian government or non‐governmental organizations. This can lead to uneven provision of inpatient protocols and trainings, often favouring private facilities. Similarly, inpatient nurses rely primarily on other nurses at their facilities for clinical support while outpatient nurses often have external professional relationships that provided them with clinical guidance.ConclusionMuch has been accomplished to enable outpatient nurses to provide the primary‐ and secondary‐care target services in the Essential Package of Health Services. However, as the Liberian government and its partners continue to work towards providing certain tertiary care services, developing analogous protocols, trainings and clinical mentorship networks for inpatient nurses will likely be fruitful, and will decrease the burden on individual facilities.ImpactNurses are often expected to meet new service provision targets in post‐emergency states. Further research into how best to support nurses as they work to meet those targets has the potential to strengthen health systems.
Niche and geographical expansions of North American trees and tall shrubs in Europe
Authors: Sychrová Martina , Divíšek Jan , Chytrý Milan , Pyšek Petr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimWe examine how the climatic niches of North American tree and tall‐shrub species change after their introduction to Europe and how these shifts affect their potential geographical distributions in the new range. We ask whether patterns of niche shifts differ among species confined to different biomes in North America and whether the expansions of species' climatic niches and potential distribution ranges are related to their residence time in Europe and native range size.LocationNorth America and Europe.TaxonVascular plants (trees and shrubs).MethodsWe used principal component analysis to quantify post‐introduction shifts in climatic niches of 59 species native to North America and alien to Europe. We modelled the expansions of their potential geographical ranges using Maxent. Differences in niche shifts and geographical expansion among species introduced from different biomes were tested using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Spearman correlation was used to relate niche and geographical expansions to residence time and native range size.ResultsAlien trees and tall shrubs introduced from North America to Europe exhibited greater niche stability and unfilling than niche expansion, except for the species from Coastal Plain forests. The latter species showed the largest niche and geographical expansions. Species with a small native range in North America introduced to Europe long ago were more likely to expand to new climatic conditions and geographical areas.Main conclusionsWe show that (i) most North American tree and tall‐shrub species introduced to Europe still do not occupy all areas with suitable climatic conditions in their secondary distribution range, but species from Coastal Plain forests tend to expand into areas with climates not found in their native ranges; (ii) the potential of the studied species to spread in Europe depends on the climatic conditions in the biome of origin, the size of their native range and the time since the first introduction.
Warmth and reciprocity with mothers, and young children's resilience to exposure to community violence in Colombia: findings from the La Sabana Parent–Child Study
Authors: Obando Diana , Wright Nicola , Hill Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundExposure to community violence is common worldwide and is associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children. Little is known about sources of resilience. Building on our previous work on the contribution of callous‐unemotional (CU) traits to child aggression in Colombia, we examined whether positive parenting is protective for children whose families are exposed to community violence.MethodsFamilies were recruited from three demographically contrasting regions of Colombia. The sample comprised 235 children aged 3.5 years and their mothers, of whom 220 (93%) were followed up at age 5.0 years. Positive parenting was assessed as the average of maternal warmth and reciprocity, and as praise, and negative parenting as the average of negative affect and conflict seen in video recordings of standardized procedures. CU traits and oppositional defiant disorder were assessed by maternal report at ages 3.5 and 5.0 years, and mothers reported exposure to community violence over the 18 months between assessments. A range of potential confounds was included in adjusted analyses.ResultsIn the families who were exposed to community violence, but not in the unexposed, maternal warmth and reciprocity were associated prospectively with lower CU traits (interaction, p = .007). In the exposed group maternal warmth and reciprocity explained 10% of the variance (β = −.34, p = .001). Maternal praise was not associated with CU traits. Maternal negative parenting predicted higher CU traits as the main effect but not in interaction with community violence exposure.ConclusionsMaternal warmth and reciprocity with young children may promote resilience in the face of community violence. Programmes to enhance these protective processes may be needed especially where prospects for reducing community violence are limited. The centrality of parents for these children highlights the plight of those exposed to community violence, and also either separated from parents or orphaned.