bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Phthalocyanine Structures as Photodynamic Agents for Bacteria Inactivation
Authors: Spesia Mariana B. , Durantini Edgardo N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhthalocyanine derivatives have been proposed as photosensitizers for the treatment of several microbial infections. In this review, the progress in the structures of phthalocyanines was analyzed, considering that these compounds can easily functionalize and can form complexes with various metal ions. In this sense, different substituents were used to increase the interaction with the microorganisms, improving their photodynamic inactivation. Furthermore, these photosensitizers absorb strongly at phototherapeutic window, emit red fluorescence, and efficiently produce the formation of reactive oxygen species. Subsequently, the influence of binding, bacteria types, cell density, washing effect, and media on photoinactivation was remarked to elimination of microbes. Finally, photokilling of bacterial biofilm by phthalocyanines and the mechanism of action were discussed. Therefore, this review brings together the main features of phthalocyanines as antimicrobial phototherapeutic agents.
Introduction: The Pursuit of “Integration” and “Robustness” in Japan’s Peacekeeping Policy
Authors: Fujishige Hiromi Nagata , Uesugi Yuji , Honda Tomoaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHere we will present two research questions: first, why did Japan suddenly discontinue a quarter-century history of troop contribution to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKOs) in 2017; second, is there any possibility of resuming large-scale military deployment. Hypothetically, we will argue that Japan’s retreat from South Sudan in 2017 should be regarded not as the revival of old anti-militarism but as a recent tendency of reluctance among the Global North countries, concerning the personnel deployment to the UNPKOs. Since the start in 1992, Japan had deployed only the limited personnel contribution under the strict constitutional ban. To overcome this situation, Japan had tried to trace the global trends of “robustness” and “integration”: the former encourages more proactive use of arms for peacekeepers to remove obstacles for the UNPKOs, while the latter promotes peacebuilding-like military roles along with the cooperation with civilians. In the late 2010s, however, Japan could no longer accommodate the recent international trends, mainly due to the increasing insecurity in the UNPKOs today. Likewise, the other Global North countries had also become hesitant for the personnel contribution to the UNPKOs. We will argue that Japan’s retreat falls in the common trend among the Global North countries.
The Historical Background to Japan’s Peacekeeping Policy from the Early Postwar Era to the Establishment of the PKO Act 1945–1992
Authors: Fujishige Hiromi Nagata , Uesugi Yuji , Honda Tomoaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we will review the evolution of Japan’s peacekeeping policy from the immediate aftermath of Japan’s defeat in 1945 to the enactment of the Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) Act in 1992. In the first section, we will look at the historical background during the postwar period (in this book, the term “postwar” denotes the period in Japan from its defeat in World War II in 1945 to the end of the Cold War in around 1990), including the rise of anti-militarism, the hidden rearmament, the establishment of the de facto ban on overseas military dispatch, the rejection of the UN’s request for the Self-Defense Forces’ (SDF’s) deployment to a United Nations Peacekeeping Operation (UNPKO) and the aborted plan to dispatch a minesweeper to the Persian Gulf. This section will also examine the Government of Japan’s legal standpoint about the possibility of SDF deployment to a UNPKO. In the second section, we will clarify how the Gulf Crisis/War in 1990–1991 made Japan abandon the taboo against overseas military dispatch. Then, we will review the course of the challenging lawmaking process of the PKO Act, which was finally passed in June 1992. Lastly, we will see the restrictions inserted into the PKO Act, such as the so-called Five Principles.
On loop corrections to integrable 2D sigma model backgrounds
Authors: Alfimov Mikhail , Litvinov Alexey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study regularization scheme dependence of β-function for sigma models with two-dimensional target space. Working within four-loop approximation, we conjecture the scheme in which the β-function retains only two tensor structures up to certain terms containing ζ3. Using this scheme, we provide explicit solutions to RG flow equation corresponding to Yang-Baxter- and λ-deformed SU(2)/U(l) sigma models, for which these terms disappear.
Exact WKB methods in SU(2) Nf = 1
Authors: Grassi Alba , Hao Qianyu , Neitzke Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study in detail the Schrödinger equation corresponding to the four dimensional SU(2) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SQCD theory with one flavour. We calculate the Voros symbols, or quantum periods, in four different ways: Borel summation of the WKB series, direct computation of Wronskians of exponentially decaying solutions, the TBA equations of Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke/Gaiotto, and instanton counting. We make computations by all of these methods, finding good agreement. We also study the exact quantization condition for the spectrum, and we compute the Fredholm determinant of the inverse of the Schrödinger operator using the TS/ST correspondence and Zamolodchikov’s TBA, again finding good agreement. In addition, we explore two aspects of the relationship between singularities of the Borel transformed WKB series and BPS states: BPS states of the 4d theory are related to singularities in the Borel transformed WKB series for the quantum periods, and BPS states of a coupled 2d+4d system are related to singularities in the Borel transformed WKB series for local solutions of the Schrödinger equation.
$$ t\overline{t}t\overline{t} $$ signatures through the lens of color-octet scalars
Authors: Carpenter Linda M. , Murphy Taylor , Smylie Matthew J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We reinterpret two recent LHC searches for events containing four top quarks $$ \left(t\overline{t}t\overline{t}\right) $$

t

t
¯

t

t
¯

in the context of supersymmetric models with Dirac gauginos and color-octet scalars (sgluons). We explore whether sgluon contributions to the four-top production cross section $$ \sigma \left( pp\to t\overline{t}t\overline{t}\right) $$
σ

pp
→
t

t
¯

t

t
¯

can accommodate an excess of four-top events recently reported by the ATLAS collaboration. We also study constraints on these models from an ATLAS search for new phenomena with high jet multiplicity and significant missing transverse energy $$ \left({E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}\right) $$

E
T
miss

sensitive to signals with four top quarks. We find that these two analyses provide complementary constraints, with the jets + $$ {E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}} $$

E
T
miss

search exceeding the four-top cross section measurement in sensitivity for sgluons heavier than about 800 GeV. We ultimately find that either a scalar or a pseudoscalar sgluon can currently fit the ATLAS excess in a range of reasonable benchmark scenarios, though a pseudoscalar in minimal Dirac gaugino models is ruled out. We finally offer sensitivity projections for these analyses at the HL-LHC, mapping the 5σ discovery potential in sgluon parameter space and computing exclusion limits at 95% CL in scenarios where no excess is found.
Worldline master formulas for the dressed electron propagator. Part 2. On-shell amplitudes
Authors: Ahmadiniaz N. , Guzmán V. M. Banda , Bastianelli F. , Corradini O. , Edwards J. P. , Schubert C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the first part of this series, we employed the second-order formalism and the “symbol” map to construct a particle path-integral representation of the electron propagator in a background electromagnetic field, suitable for open fermion-line calculations. Its main advantages are the avoidance of long products of Dirac matrices, and its ability to unify whole sets of Feynman diagrams related by permutation of photon legs along the fermion lines. We obtained a Bern-Kosower type master formula for the fermion propagator, dressed with N photons, in terms of the “N-photon kernel,” where this kernel appears also in “subleading” terms involving only N − 1 of the N photons.In this sequel, we focus on the application of the formalism to the calculation of on-shell amplitudes and cross sections. Universal formulas are obtained for the fully polarised matrix elements of the fermion propagator dressed with an arbitrary number of photons, as well as for the corresponding spin-averaged cross sections. A major simplification of the on-shell case is that the subleading terms drop out, but we also pinpoint other, less obvious simplifications.We use integration by parts to achieve manifest transversality of these amplitudes at the integrand level and exploit this property using the spinor helicity technique. We give a simple proof of the vanishing of the matrix element for “all +” photon helicities in the massless case, and find a novel relation between the scalar and spinor spin-averaged cross sections in the massive case. Testing the formalism on the standard linear Compton scattering process, we find that it reproduces the known results with remarkable efficiency. Further applications and generalisations are pointed out.
Sparse domination implies vector-valued sparse domination
Authors: Lorist Emiel , Nieraeth Zoe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe prove that scalar-valued sparse domination of a multilinear operator implies vector-valued sparse domination for tuples of quasi-Banach function spaces, for which we introduce a multilinear analogue of the $${{\,\mathrm{UMD}\,}}$$

UMD

condition. This condition is characterized by the boundedness of the multisublinear Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator and goes beyond examples in which a $${{\,\mathrm{UMD}\,}}$$

UMD

condition is assumed on each individual space and includes e.g. iterated Lebesgue, Lorentz, and Orlicz spaces. Our method allows us to obtain sharp vector-valued weighted bounds directly from scalar-valued sparse domination, without the use of a Rubio de Francia type extrapolation result. We apply our result to obtain new vector-valued bounds for multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators as well as recover the old ones with a new sharp weighted bound. Moreover, in the Banach function space setting we improve upon recent vector-valued bounds for the bilinear Hilbert transform.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Predicts Myocardial Infarction and Mortality After Vascular Surgery–A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Caldeira de Albuquerque Francisca Vieira da Silva , Dias‐Neto Marina Felicidade , Rocha‐Neves João Manuel Palmeira da , Videira Reis Pedro José Vinhais Domingues 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to investigate the association between preoperative Red blood cell Distribution Width (RDW) and postoperative outcomes, including myocardial infarction (MI), and mortality.MethodsA prospective cohort including all patients submitted to elective vascular arterial surgery at a university hospital. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30‐day mortality and 30‐day MI, respectively.ResultsAtrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dependent functional status were more prevalent in deceased patients. After multivariable analysis, age (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval [1.01–1.15], p = 0.027) and RDW‐standard deviation (RDW‐SD) (1.08 [1.01–1.16], p = 0.032) remained independent predictors of mortality. Patients with MI had higher rates of diabetes, CKD, dependent functional status, ASA physical status IV, and insulin medication. After multivariable analysis, dependent functional status (4.8 [1.6–15.0], p = 0.007), insulin medication (4.4 [1.5–12.6], p = 0.007) and RDW‐SD (1.10 [1.02–1.19], p = 0.020) were independent predictors of MI.ConclusionRDW‐SD independently predicted postoperative MI and mortality, and may provide valuable information for prevention and early management of adverse outcomes.
Broadband 75–85 MHz radiofrequency fields disrupt magnetic compass orientation in night-migratory songbirds consistent with a flavin-based radical pair magnetoreceptor
Authors: Leberecht Bo , Kobylkov Dmitry , Karwinkel Thiemo , Döge Sara , Burnus Lars , Wong Siu Ying , Apte Shambhavi , Haase Katrin , Musielak Isabelle , Chetverikova Raisa , Dautaj Glen , Bassetto Marco , Winklhofer Michael , Hore P. J. , Mouritsen Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe light-dependent magnetic compass sense of night-migratory songbirds can be disrupted by weak radiofrequency fields. This finding supports a quantum mechanical, radical-pair-based mechanism of magnetoreception as observed for isolated cryptochrome 4, a protein found in birds’ retinas. The exact identity of the magnetically sensitive radicals in cryptochrome is uncertain in vivo, but their formation seems to require a bound flavin adenine dinucleotide chromophore and a chain of four tryptophan residues within the protein. Resulting from the hyperfine interactions of nuclear spins with the unpaired electrons, the sensitivity of the radicals to radiofrequency magnetic fields depends strongly on the number of magnetic nuclei (hydrogen and nitrogen atoms) they contain. Quantum-chemical calculations suggested that electromagnetic noise in the frequency range 75–85 MHz could give information about the identity of the radicals involved. Here, we show that broadband 75–85 MHz radiofrequency fields prevent a night-migratory songbird from using its magnetic compass in behavioural experiments. These results indicate that at least one of the components of the radical pair involved in the sensory process of avian magnetoreception must contain a substantial number of strong hyperfine interactions as would be the case if a flavin–tryptophan radical pair were the magnetic sensor.
A prediction model for recurrence after translabyrinthine surgery for vestibular schwannoma: toward personalized postoperative surveillance
Authors: de Boer Nick P. , Böhringer Stefan , Koot Radboud W. , Malessy Martijn J. A. , van der Mey Andel G. L. , Jansen Jeroen C. , Hensen Erik F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to compute and validate a statistical predictive model for the risk of recurrence, defined as regrowth of tumor necessitating salvage treatment, after translabyrinthine removal of vestibular schwannomas to individualize postoperative surveillance.

Methods
The multivariable predictive model for risk of recurrence was based on retrospectively collected patient data between 1995 and 2017 at a tertiary referral center. To assess for internal validity of the prediction model tenfold cross-validation was performed. A ‘low’ calculated risk of recurrence in this study was set at < 1%, based on clinical criteria and expert opinion.

Results
A total of 596 patients with 33 recurrences (5.5%) were included for analysis. The final prediction model consisted of the predictors ‘age at time of surgery’, ‘preoperative tumor growth’ and ‘first postoperative MRI outcome’. The area under the receiver operating curve of the prediction model was 89%, with a C-index of 0.686 (95% CI 0.614–0.796) after cross-validation. The predicted probability for risk of recurrence was low (< 1%) in 373 patients (63%). The earliest recurrence in these low-risk patients was detected at 46 months after surgery.

Conclusion
This study presents a well-performing prediction model for the risk of recurrence after translabyrinthine surgery for vestibular schwannoma. The prediction model can be used to tailor the postoperative surveillance to the estimated risk of recurrence of individual patients. It seems that especially in patients with an estimated low risk of recurrence, the interval between the first and second postoperative MRI can be safely prolonged.
The impact of different forms of exercise on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular and metabolic disease
Authors: Ferentinos Panagiotis , Tsakirides Costas , Swainson Michelle , Davison Adam , Martyn-St James Marrissa , Ispoglou Theocharis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCirculating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to vascular repair and their monitoring could have prognostic clinical value. Exercise is often prescribed for the management of cardiometabolic diseases, however, it is not fully understood how it regulates EPCs. Objectives: to systematically examine the acute and chronic effects of different exercise modalities on circulating EPCs in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed. Results: six electronic databases and reference lists of eligible studies were searched to April 2021. Thirty-six trials met the inclusion criteria including 1731 participants. Acute trials: in chronic heart failure (CHF), EPC mobilisation was acutely increased after high intensity interval or moderate intensity continuous exercise training, while findings were inconclusive after a cardiopulmonary cycling exercise test. Maximal exercise tests acutely increased EPCs in ischaemic or revascularized coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. In peripheral arterial disease (PAD), EPC levels increased up to 24 h post-exercise. In patients with compromised metabolic health, EPC mobilisation was blunted after a single exercise session. Chronic trials: in CHF and acute coronary syndrome, moderate intensity continuous protocols, with or without resistance exercise or calisthenics, increased EPCs irrespective of EPC identification phenotype. Findings were equivocal in CAD regardless of exercise mode, while in severe PAD disease EPCs increased. High intensity interval training increased EPCs in hypertensive metabolic syndrome and heart failure reduced ejection fraction. Conclusion: the clinical condition and exercise modality influence the degree of EPC mobilisation and magnitude of EPC increases in the long term.
Graphical abstract
Ogilvie’s syndrome—is there a cutoff diameter to proceed with upfront surgery?
Authors: Joechle Katharina , Guenzle Jessica , Utzolino Stefan , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Kousoulas Lampros 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although Ogilvie’s syndrome was first described about 70 years ago, its etiology and pathogenesis are still not fully understood. But more importantly, it is also not clear when to approach which therapeutic strategy.

Methods
Patients who were diagnosed with Ogilvie’s syndrome at our institution in a 17-year time period (2002–2019) were included and retrospectively evaluated regarding different therapeutical strategies: conservative, endoscopic, or surgical.

Results
The study included 71 patients with 21 patients undergoing conservative therapy, 25 patients undergoing endoscopic therapy, and 25 patients undergoing surgery. However, 38% of patients (n = 8) who were primarily addressed for conservative management failed and had to undergo endoscopy or even surgery. Similarly, 8 patients (32%) with primarily endoscopic treatment had to proceed for surgery. In logistic regression analysis, only a colon diameter ≥ 11 cm (p = 0.01) could predict a lack of therapeutic success by endoscopic treatment. Ninety-day mortality and overall survival were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion
As conservative and endoscopic management fail in about one-third of patients, a cutoff diameter ≥ 11 cm may be an adequate parameter to evaluate surgical therapy.
Minimally invasive adrenalectomy: a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase II/III randomized clinical controlled trials
Authors: Alberici Laura , Ingaldi Carlo , Ricci Claudio , Selva Saverio , Di Dalmazi Guido , Vicennati Valentina , Pagotto Uberto , Casadei Riccardo , Minni Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The best approach for minimally invasive adrenalectomy is still under debate.

Methods
A systematic search of randomized clinical trials was carried out. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was made reporting the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA). The primary endpoint regarded both in-hospital mortality and morbidity. The secondary endpoints were operative time (OP), blood loss (BL), length of stay (LOS), conversion, incisional hernia, and disease recurrence rate.

Results
Eight studies were included, involving 359 patients clustered as follows: 175 (48.7%) in the TPLA arm; 55 (15.3%) in the RPLA arm; 10 (2.8%) in the Ro-TPLA arm; 25 (7%) in the TPAA arm; 20 (5.6%) in the SILS-LA arm; and 74 (20.6%) in the RPA arm. The RPLA had the highest probability of being the safest approach (SUCRA 69.6%), followed by RPA (SUCRA 63.0%). TPAA, Ro-TPLA, SILS-LA, and TPLA have similar probability of being safe (SUCRA values 45.2%, 43.4%, 43.0%, and 38.5%, respectively). Analysis of the secondary endpoints confirmed the superiority of RPA regarding OP, BL, LOS, and incisional hernia rate.

Conclusions
The best choice for patients with adrenal masses candidate for minimally invasive surgery seems to be RPA. An alternative could be RPLA. The remaining approaches could have some specific advantages but do not represent the first minimally invasive choice.
The effect of strategy game types on inhibition
Authors: Leong Aaron Yew Cheong , Yong Min Hooi , Lin Mei-Hua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPast studies have shown evidence of transfer of learning in action video games, less so in other types, e.g. strategy games. Further, the transfer of learning from games to inhibitory control has yet to be examined from the perspectives of time constraint and logic contradiction. We examined the effect of strategy games (puzzle, turn-based strategy ‘TBS’, and real-time strategy ‘RTS’) on inhibition (response inhibition and distractor inhibition) and cerebral hemispheric activation over 4 weeks. We predicted that compared to RTS, puzzle and TBS games would (1) improve response and distractor inhibition, and (2) increase cerebral hemispheric activation demonstrating increased inhibitory control. A total of 67 non-habitual video game players (Mage = 21.63 years old, SD = 2.12) played one of three games: puzzle (n = 19), TBS (n = 24) or RTS (n = 24) for 4 weeks on their smartphones. Participants completed three inhibition tasks, working memory (WM), and had their tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) taken from each ear before and after playing the games. Results showed that only the puzzle game group showed an improved response inhibition while controlling for WM. There were no significant changes in the distractor inhibition tasks. We also found that there was an increase in left TMT while playing RTS, suggesting the presence of increased impulsivity in RTS. Our findings suggest that puzzle games involving logical contradiction could improve response inhibition, showing potential as a tool for inhibition training.
Spaces of Geodesic Triangulations of Surfaces
Authors: Luo Yanwen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe give a short proof of the contractibility of the space of geodesic triangulations with fixed combinatorial type of a convex polygon in the Euclidean plane. Moreover, for any $$n>0$$

n
>
0

, we show that there exists a space of geodesic triangulations of a polygon with a triangulation, whose n-th homotopy group is not trivial.