bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical therapy for facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy): An updated and extended systematic review of the evidence for facial exercise therapy
Authors: Khan Amir J , Szczepura Ala , Palmer Shea , Bark Chris , Neville Catriona , Thomson David , Martin Helen , Nduka Charles 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of facial exercise therapy for facial palsy patients, updating an earlier broader Cochrane review; and to provide evidence to inform the development of telerehabilitation for these patients.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PEDro and AMED for relevant studies published between 01 January 2011 and 30 September 2020.MethodsPredetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria were utilised to shortlist abstracts. Two reviewers independently appraised articles, systematically extracted data and assessed the quality of individual studies and reviews (using GRADE and AMSTAR-2, respectively). Thematic analysis used for evidence synthesis; no quantitative meta-analysis conducted. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017073067).ResultsSeven new randomised controlled trials, nine observational studies, and three quasi-experimental or pilot studies were identified ( n  =  854 participants). 75% utilised validated measures to record changes in facial function and/or patient-rated outcomes. High-quality trials (4/7) all reported positive impacts; as did observational studies rated as high/moderate quality (3/9). The benefit of therapy at different time points post-onset and for cases of varying clinical severity is discussed. Differences in study design prevented data pooling to strengthen estimates of therapy effects. Six new review articles identified were all rated critically low quality.ConclusionThe findings of this targeted review reinforce those of the earlier more general Cochrane review. New research studies strengthen previous conclusions about the benefits of facial exercise therapy early in recovery and add to evidence of the value in chronic cases. Further standardisation of study design/outcome measures and evaluation of cost-effectiveness are recommended.
The development and disintegration of a Classic Maya center and its climate context
Authors: Prufer KM , Thompson AE , Wickert AD , Kennett DJ 
Published: July 2022

Research in Southern Belize has produced a 1000-year record of coupled human and environmental relationships at the ancient Maya city Uxbenká. Located at the southeastern margin of the Maya Lowlands, this region has excellent agricultural land and some of the highest rainfall in the Maya region. Uxbenká was the founding political center in southern Belize after 100 BCE. After 850 years, Uxbenká experienced a long geopolitical disintegration ending in depopulation as part of broad regional collapse. We use kernel density and summed probability distributions of 167 high-precision AMS 14C dates to reconstruct relative changes in population and investments in the built environment throughout the growth and decline of the polity. Those data are compared to an annually resolved speleothem paleoclimate record from Yok Balum cave, located less than 3 km from Uxbenká’s civic ceremonial core. With no Classic Period wetland fields or evidence for large-scale landscape investments in agricultural intensification, food production would have been rainfall dependent as was water availability for household use. Using a 30 m SRTM DEM, we compute flow accumulation and the upvalley extents of river networks while varying the input precipitation to reflect hypothesized changes in paleorainfall over time. Our data suggest that Uxbenká experienced rapid growth following a severe drought at 200 CE, as well as cycles of growth and contraction until just after 750 CE. We find that geopolitical disintegration in southern Belize was already underway when a severe drought began at 830 CE. That six-decade drought likely contributed to the abandonment of Uxbenká and limited geopolitical reorganization.
Telemedicine in headache care: A systematic review
Authors: Clausen Tobias Christian , Greve Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos , Müller Kai Ivar , Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Schytz Henrik Winther 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTelemedicine is defined as video-based consultations with synchronous video and sound. This systematic review investigated the use of telemedicine for headache patients. The primary outcomes of interest were treatment efficacy, feasibility, safety, convenience, compliance, and patient satisfaction.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase. Thirteen articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. A systematic review protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number CRD42021265875.ResultsThere were no significant differences in treatment efficacy, patient satisfaction, compliance or safety using telemedicine when compared to traditional consultations. Telemedicine was found to be convenient due to being less time-consuming and expensive, especially for patients with limited access to health care. Despite the frequent occurrence of technical errors, telemedicine was found to be feasible.ConclusionTelemedicine consultations are similar in quality to traditional in-office headache consultations and can be a more convenient solution for eligible headache patients.
Mechanical properties of aluminum/SiNT nanocomposite
Authors: Motamedi Mohsen , Mehrvar Ali , Nikzad Mohamadhossein 
Published: July 2022

Molecular dynamics simulation is among the most significant methods in nanoscale studies. This paper studied the effect of strain rate, temperature, and nanotube chirality on the stress-strain behavior of aluminum/silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) using molecular dynamics simulation. Ultimate tensile stress and Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite were evaluated using molecular dynamics simulation. According to the results, Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite decreased with increasing temperature. Also, Young’s modulus decreased by increasing the strain rate. Next, an experimental approach was used based on the Box–Behnken design. According to the input parameters and the experimental approach, the number of simulations in the software was 39 runs. Overall, it is concluded that the optimal conditions were created at a temperature of 50 K, a strain rate of 0.01/ps, and chirality of (5,5), leading to the elasticity modulus of 137 GPa and the ultimate tensile stress of 11.8 GPa.
Arthroscopic lateral collateral ligament imbrication for treatment of atraumatic posterolateral rotatory instability
Authors: Chanlalit Cholawish , Mahasupachai Nattakorn , Sakdapanichkul Chidchanok 
Published: July 2022

Background Among the causative lesions of lateral elbow pain, atraumatic posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) is a rare condition, but it produces pain and disability to the elbow. It still lacks published specific treatment literature. According to the development of arthroscopy, the arthroscopic lateral collateral ligament (LCL) imbrication can possibly be an alternative minimal invasive procedure that can eradicate the atraumatic PLRI. Hypothesis/Purpose: To report clinical results of arthroscopic LCL imbrication for the treatment on atraumatic PLRI elbow. Methods: Thirty-three patients with chronic atraumatic lateral elbow pain were presented to our institution between July 2015 and December 2021. Eight patients were diagnosed with atraumatic PLRI and underwent arthroscopic LCL imbrication. Comparison between the pre- and post-operative scores were recorded, which were The Quick-Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH) score, Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS). Results: Mean follow-up was 16 months (9–24 months). Comparing between pre-operation and post-operation, all of eight patients had significant improved Quick-DASH score (mean 55.62 vs 7.62, p = .004), MEPI (mean 50.00 vs 96.87, p = .000) and VAS for pain (mean 8.14 vs 1.28, p = .000). Conclusion: Atraumatic PLRI is a concerning lesion in patients with lateral elbow pain. Arthroscopic LCL imbrication can be simultaneously performed with other lateral elbow pain causations, such as tennis elbow and pathological plica, and provide painless, stable, and functional elbow. Level of evidence Case Series (Level of evidence: 4).
Is the Message Clear? Evaluation of Readability Levels for Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate, and Craniofacial Websites
Authors: Washington George N. , Cepeda Alfredo , Moffitt Joseph , Groff Connor K , Greives Matthew R. , Nguyen Phuong D. 
Published: July 2022

Web-based health information is the leading source of medical knowledge for patients and families. The American Medical Association (AMA) and US Department of Health and Human Services recommend reading material be at or below a sixth-grade reading level. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the readability of the most popularly searched cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and other craniofacial syndrome (CFS) websites. Google searches for “cleft lip,” “cleft palate,” and “craniofacial syndromes” were performed to identify the top 40 websites in an incognito window with the location set to the United States. Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) was used to determine ease of reading from 0 (most difficult) to 100 (greatest ease of reading) and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade (FKGL) for website content and compared between websites using an FRES of 80 to 90 and FKGL of 6.0 to 6.9 for a sixth-grade reading level. Readability was low for all sites with 6 CL/P websites and no CFS websites at or below a sixth-grade reading level. CL/P websites had FRES readability scores of 58.5 ± 12.3 and were at a 9.4 ± 2.3 grade level. CFS websites had readability scores on the FRES of 39.8 ± 13.1 and were at a 10.8 ± 1.8 grade level. Web-based information related to CL/P and CFS is on average several grade levels above the recommended sixth-grade reading level. Online information for CL/P and CFS may need to be revised to improve understanding for the public and families.
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome in people with multiple sclerosis: prevalence and correlations with disease-related factors
Authors: Dreyer-Alster Sapir , Menascu Shay , Aloni Roy , Givon Uri , Dolev Mark , Achiron Anat , Kalron Alon 
Published: July 2022

Background: The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, defined as the coexistence of slow gait and subjective cognitive complaints, has as yet not been researched in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Objective: To examine the prevalence of the MCR syndrome in pwMS and its association with disability, disease duration, perceived fatigue, and fear of falling. Methods: The study comprised 618 pwMS [43.7 (SD = 12.6) years, 61.7% females]. Gait speed was measured by the GAITRite™ electronic walkway (CIR Systems, Inc. Haverton, PA, USA). Cognitive status was defined according to the global cognitive score computed by the NeuroTrax™ cognitive battery (NeuroTrax Corporation, Medina, NY, USA). The sample was divided into four main groups: ‘normal’, ‘cognitively impaired’, ‘gait impaired’ or ‘MCR’. Perceived fatigue was assessed by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; fear of falling by the Falls Efficacy Scale International. Results: Sixty-three (10.2%) patients were diagnosed with MCR. The percentage of subjects categorized as MCR was 26.0% in severely disabled pwMS compared with 10.9%, 6.0%, and 4.6% in moderately, mildly and very mildly disabled pwMS, respectively. Subjects in the MCR group presented with elevated fatigue compared with patients classified as normal [49.7 (SD = 23.3) vs 26.5 (SD = 19.2), p < 0.001]. Fear of falling was significantly higher in the MCR and gait impairment groups compared with the cognitively impaired and normal groups. Conclusions: The current study corroborates the presence of MCR in pwMS. Nevertheless, future longitudinal research is warranted to better understand its application.
Association of compromised cerebral perfusion with lenticulostriate artery impairments in the subacute phase of branch atheromatous disease
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Cui Jing-Yu , Yan Yu-Ying , Yang Tang , Tao Wen-Dan , Wu Bo 
Published: July 2022

Background: Whether altered cerebral perfusion is associated with the pathogenesis of single subcortical infarctions (SSIs) in the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) territory remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to assess whether cerebral perfusion abnormalities are related to LSA impairments in the subacute phase of SSIs and then to examine their correlations with etiological subtypes of SSIs. Methods: A total of 110 patients with acute SSIs in the LSA territory were prospectively recruited between July 2017 and October 2021, and they underwent magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and whole-brain vessel-wall imaging (VWI) within 7 days of stroke onset. Based on VWI, patients were assigned to one of two SSI subtypes: branch atheromatous disease (BAD, n = 78, 70.9%) or lacunar infarction related to cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD-related LI, n = 32, 29.1%). Perfusion maps and LSA morphology were also quantitatively assessed. Results: Based on PWI, 22 patients (20%) had hypoperfusion and 88 (80%) showed normal perfusion. Compared with normal individuals, patients with hypoperfusion showed shorter average LSA length (23.48 ± 4.81 mm versus 25.47 ± 3.74 mm, p = 0.037). Compared with patients with CSVD-related LI, patients with BAD had significantly lower relative cerebral blood flow [0.95 (IQR 0.81–1.12) versus 1.04 (IQR 0.92–1.22); p = 0.036] and cerebral blood volume [0.95 (IQR 0.84–1.15) versus 1.14 (IQR 0.97–1.27); p = 0.020] after adjusting for hypertension, number of LSA branches, and infarct volume. Conclusion: Compromised cerebral perfusion is associated with impairments in the LSA and with BAD pathogenesis. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging can provide important insights into acute SSI pathophysiology, and it may be useful for determining the clinical significance of perfusion abnormalities in BAD occurrence.
Zoledronic acid does not slow spinal radiographic progression of osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and radiographic osteoarthritis
Authors: Host L.V. , Keen H.I. , Laslett L.L. , Black D.M. , Jones G. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Post hoc analyses of osteoporosis trials have suggested that alendronate and strontium ranelate may be associated with a reduction in the progression of spinal radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). We performed an analysis on a subgroup of participants in the horizon PFT trial (a 3-year randomized controlled trial (RCT) of yearly zoledronic acid (ZA) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis), to evaluate the effect of ZA on the structural progression of spinal osteophytes (OPh) and disk space narrowing (DN). Methods: Paired lateral spinal X-rays (baseline and 36 months) were selected from the horizon PFT trial records restricted to those with radiographic OA at baseline. The X-rays were analyzed by two readers blinded to the treatment allocation. OPh and DN were scored separately using the Lane atlas (0–3 for increasing severity at each vertebral level) at all evaluable levels from T4–12 and L1–5. Results: A total of 504 sets of paired radiographs were included in the analysis, 245 in the ZA group and 259 in the placebo group. Overall, the rates of change of OPh and DN scores were low, and they were not statistically different between the groups (change in the whole spine OPh ZA 1.0 ± 1.6, placebo 0.8 ± 1.3, p = 0.1; DN ZA 0.3 ± 1.0, placebo 0.3 ± 0.8, p = 0.7). Conclusion: Yearly ZA for 3 years was not associated with a slowing of progression of OPh or DN in the thoracolumbar spine in patients with pre-existing radiographic OA.
The influence of strain range, size and chiral on mechanical properties of graphene: Molecular dynamics insights
Authors: Du Yi-Xiu , Zhou Li-Jun , Guo Jian-Gang 
Published: July 2022

The stress-strain response of pristine monolayer graphene under uniaxial loading/unloading over a more extensive size range (100 nm×100 nm) is studied by molecular dynamics simulations, which proves that graphene is perfectly elastic prior to the failure strain. Young’s modulus of graphene is calculated by selecting different strain ranges in the elastic region. It is found that Young’s modulus is strongly dependent on the strain range. When the selected strain ranges are increased from 0.5% to 8%, Young’s modulus of the armchair and zigzag graphene is reduced by approximately 60 GPa and 150 GPa, respectively. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient method, the linearity of the stress-strain curve during graphene stretching is studied. The elastic region of the tensile curve is divided into the linear elastic region and non-linear elastic region. Simultaneously, the linear elastic limit strains for the armchair and zigzag graphene are defined to be about 2.5% and 1.5%, respectively, and they are independent of the size of graphene. On this basis, the chirality dependence and size effects of Young’s modulus, failure strain, and fracture strength of pristine monolayer graphene are investigated. The results show that Young’s modulus is dependent on the chiral angle but insensitive to size. The failure strain and fracture strength depend on the chiral angle and have obvious size effects.
Retained Diabetes Devices—A Literature Review
Authors: Xu Nicole Y. , Nguyen Kevin T. , Krouwer Jan S. , Akturk Halis K. , Shah Viral N. , Klonoff David C. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Diabetes management and treatment requires the use of many devices that frequently must puncture the skin, creating a risk of unintentional retention in the body as a retained diabetes device. In this article, we reviewed case studies about retained diabetes devices and presented analyses of the success rate of current imaging techniques in identifying retained devices and the success rate of device removal. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles about retained diabetes devices. Relevant articles that included sufficient details about discovery and removal of the device were included. The success rate of identification and the success rate of removal of retained devices were both calculated as percentages. Results: Sixteen case studies of retained diabetes devices were identified. These devices included parts of continuous glucose monitors and infusion sets, a lancet, and various types of needles for insulin injection. Each case is presented with details about the year of publication, the retained diabetes device, the company that produced the device, the age and gender of the patient, the type of diabetes that the patient had, the location of the device, the reason for initial discovery of the retained device, the process of locating the device, the success rate for removal of the device, and the removal procedure of the device. Analysis revealed a 100% success rate for the use of imaging technology including X-rays and computed tomography to identify a retained diabetes device. The patients with retained diabetes devices had a 62.5% success rate for eventual removal of the device. Conclusions: With the increasing use of injected, inserted, and implanted diabetes wearables for digital health, it is likely that some of the devices will detach, break apart, or otherwise become retained in the body. It is important to be aware of available technologies to identify retained diabetes devices so that it will be possible in most cases to surgically remove these devices if they detach or become retained.
Effect of semaglutide and liraglutide in individuals with obesity or overweight without diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Deng You , Park Andrew , Zhu Lin , Xie Wen , Pan Calvin Q. 
Published: July 2022

Background & Objective: Although data on the effects of liraglutide and semaglutide in patients with diabetes have been reviewed, their therapeutic outcomes in obese/overweight individuals without diabetes have not been summarized. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate their effects on the latter population. Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Studies regarding obese/overweight adults without diabetes treated with liraglutide/semaglutide compared with other active agents or placebos were accessed. The primary outcomes were the proportions of adults with at least 5% and 10% weight reduction. The secondary outcomes included metabolic indicators and adverse events. Results: Eighteen studies with 10,938 obese/overweight adults without diabetes were included. When stratified by the categories of at least 5% and 10% weight loss, the pooled data showed medians 27.7% and 10.3% of control groups versus 65.3% and 30.7% of liraglutide 3 mg once daily, respectively; whereas medians 47.6% and 20.4% of control groups vs 86.6% and 75.3% of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly were found in the two categories, respectively. Both agents either improved or had no impact on lipid or glycemia. Liraglutide or semaglutide therapy had discontinuation rates of 2.4%–11.4% which overlapped with 0.7%–8.6% in control groups. The frequency of adverse events was comparable between the treatment groups and the control groups (66.5%–95.8% vs 46.9%–96.1%), which were mild to moderate graded by studies. Conclusion: Liraglutide and semaglutide therapy led to a clinically relevant (⩾5%) weight loss of 48.2%–88.7% among obese/overweight adults without diabetes. Both liraglutide and semaglutide are associated with weight loss and are well-tolerated.
Associated factors of positive visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid test among women screened for cervical cancer at public health facilities in Woliso town, Southwest Shoa, Ethiopia: A case–control study
Authors: Tesfaye Bahiru , Tilahun Temesgen , Dechasa Heyi Worku , Oljira Rut 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Screening for precancerous cervical lesions and providing access to effective treatment can significantly improve the likelihood of survival. To identify associated factors of positive visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid test for precancerous cervical lesions among women screened for cervical cancer at public health facilities in Woliso Town, Southwest Shoa, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case–control study was conducted on 86 cases and 172 controls. Cases were women who had a positive result for the visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid test, and controls were women with a negative result. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and organized using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used, and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. Results: The study found that women aged 40–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 4.11, 95% confidence interval (1.20–14.50)), greater or equal to five deliveries (adjusted odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval (1.39–5.56)), age at first birth less than 20 (adjusted odds ratio = 5.45, 95% confidence interval (1.41–21.04), age at first sexual intercourse less than 18 (adjusted odds ratio = 4.73, 95%, confidence interval (1.79–12.48)), ever used condom (adjusted odds ratio = 11.06, 95% confidence interval (3.93–31.14), having a history of sexually transmitted diseases (adjusted odds ratio = 4.05, 95% confidence interval (2.15–7.76), having a history of multiple sexual partners (adjusted odds ratio = 4.81, 95% confidence interval (1.37–16.90)), and being human immunodeficiency virus positive (adjusted odds ratio = 3.85, 95% confidence interval (1.68–8.83)) were associated factors of positive visual inspection with acetic acid test for precancerous cervical lesions. Conclusion: Given the above-associated factors of positive visual inspection with acetic acid test for precancerous cervical lesions, the health facilities should target women with these factors and timely screen them with the application of acetic acid on the cervix.