bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Psychometric Testing of a Humanistic Caring Scale for Medical and Nursing Students
Authors: Ho Yun-Chi , Chu Shao-Yin , Chen Che-Han , Yeh Hsiu-Chen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Medicine and nursing are not only empirical sciences but also a type of artistry with humanistic quality. Therefore, humanistic education of medical and nursing students in medical schools is internationally emphasized, with an aim to nurture students to expand their medical work beyond physical examination of patients to taking care of them at the psychological and social levels, and become “good doctors” with humanistic quality. The purpose of this study is to develop an appropriate assessment tool for measuring the humanistic caring competence of medical and nursing students and test its psychometric properties.
Methods
Questions were first designed based on focus group interviews and the Delphi method. After that, 38 questions were drafted using a Likert five-point scale. In the psychometric testing, the participants include medical students undergoing clinical training, nursing students who had started clinical practice before graduating from the school, and those participating in the two-year postgraduate training program for nurses. The obtained data were then analyzed with SPSS 22.0 and Mplus.
Results
In the pilot test, the sample included 155 medical and nursing students. After the exploratory factor analysis, 19 items and 4 factors were obtained, namely “self-awareness,” “patient-caring,” “being attentive to medical information,” and “social-environmental caring,” and the total explained variance is 74.03%. In the formal test, 331 medical students were included in the sample to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of each subscale is between 0.74 to 0.88, while that of the whole scale is 0.93; the model fit indices, convergent and discriminant vadility are also up to the standard. This result confirms that the scale has a good psychometric properties in terms of the reliability and validity. In the comparison of background variables, students with different gender, ages, religious beliefs, medical service experiences, and volunteer service experiences have different performances in different dimensions of humanistic caring.
Conclusions
This scale demonstrates good to excellent model fit indices, reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for measuring the effectiveness of humanistic education for medical and nursing students.
Application of miniature fiber near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics in predicting antioxidant activity of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. polysaccharides
Authors: Feng Yuqin , Song Yating , Qiu Yujie , Duan Yuqing , Zhang Haihui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress associated with the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant capacity. It is important to select and employ a stable and rapid method to assay antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to accurately predict the antioxidant activity of S. sagittaria. L polysaccharide (Sap) by miniature fiber near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. The optimal extraction conditions of Sap through multi-mode divergent ultrasound assisted method were as follows: ultrasonic power 180 W, liquid-to-material ratio 40 mL/g, extraction time 16 min and extraction temperature 77 ℃, and the yield of Sap was 21.24%. The molecular weight of Sap was approximately 120.5 kDa, and its monosaccharide components predominantly consisted of Rha (15.7%), Ara (12.9%), Man (1.6%), Glc (36.4%), and Gal (33.4%). The application of NIR spectroscopy for determination of DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of Sap solution (0.125-1 mg/mL), and the coefficient of prediction (Rp) were 0.9568, 0.9667 and 0.9652, respectively. In developing model, five spectra preprocessing methods and three different linear regressions tools (i.e., partial least squares (PLS), interval Partial least Squares (iPLS), synergy interval partial least square (Si-PLS)) were optimized to improve the predictability and stability of the models. The overall results revealed the miniature fiber NIR spectroscopy with PLS and Si-PLS regression tools showed better predictive property, which has the potential to measure antioxidant activity in Sap.
Review of 1.75 million referrals over 34-months identifies the disruptive impact of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic on oral surgery care in England - a service evaluation.
Authors: Moore Richard , Pretty Iain , Douglas Gail , Mighell Alan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aims:This study aimed to use the electronic Referral Management System (eRMS) oral surgery data across multiple sites in England to evaluate the service over a 34-month period in relation to:1. Pre and post pandemic referral rates in oral surgery2. Examining the data for signs of inequality in obtaining a referral for oral surgery.3. The impact on service provision for oral surgery in England.Methods:Oral surgery referral data was available from an eRMS for areas of England covered by this service for the 34-month period March 2019 to December 2021 (inclusive), which included 12 months of pre-pandemic data and the first 22-months of the pandemic. The data were from regions across England accounting for 62% of the population.Results:The total number of referrals received was 1,766,895 during this 34-month period, with pre-pandemic referral levels averaging at 25,498 per month with a reduction to 698 per month in April 2020. Referrals have risen to a peak of 217,646 for the month of November 2021. An average of 1.5% of referrals were rejected pre-pandemic, compared with 2.7% per month post pandemic.Discussion:Pre-pandemic referral numbers were predictably stable within a narrow range which have then increased dramatically post-pandemic. The variations in oral surgery referral patterns place significant strain on oral surgery services across England. This not only has consequences on patient experience but also the workforce and workforce development, to ensure that there is not a long-term destabilising impact.Conclusion:Analysis of 1.75 million referrals to oral surgery services in England have highlighted the ongoing impact of the pandemic and the need to actively minimise adverse impacts on patients, NHS services and the workforce.
Surgical Treatment of Chiari 1 Malformation: A ‘one fits all’ approach?
Authors: Khalaveh Farjad , Steiner Irene , Reinprecht Andrea , Czech Thomas , Kasprian Gregor , Rössler Karl , Dorfer Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To assesses the postoperative outcome and the applicability of current Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) scores in a tailored surgical treatment approach in patients with CM1.
METHODS
This retrospective single center study analyzed 81 surgically treated patients between 2000 and 2020. Based on our institutional policy, four types of approaches were performed in that period based on a case by case decision: 1) Foramen magnum decompression (FMD) with dura splitting (FMDds), 2) FMD with duraplasty (FMDdp), 3) FMD with duraplasty and tonsillar manipulation (FMDao) and 4) tonsillar resection/reduction (TR). Patient characteristics, the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS), Chiari Severity Index (CSI), and the fourth ventricular roof angle (FVRA) were compared among the four groups to establish a treatment algorithm.
RESULTS
FMDds, FMDdp, FMDao and TR was performed in 11 (14%), 24 (30%), 21 (26%) and 25 (31%) patients, respectively. After a mean follow-up time of 6.6 years, 8/11 (73%), 19/24 (79%), 19/21 (90%) and 24/24 (100%) patients had a CCOS of 13–16 points after FMDds, FMDdp, FMDao and TR, respectively. Overall, 6/11 (55%), 4/17 (24%), 3/18 (17%) and 7/24 (29%) patients had a CSI grade 1 before FMDds, FMDdp, FMDao and TR. A weak negative and statistically not significant correlation between CCOS and CSI was observed (p = 0.07, n = 69). The preoperative FVRA was < 65° in 9/11 (82%), 13/15 (87%), 7/14 (50%) and 13/22 (59%) patients after FMDds, FMDdp, FMDao and TR, respectively. Despite the proportion of patients with a FVRA of < 65° decreasing with a more invasive surgical technique, differences between the surgical groups were statistically not significant (p = 0.45).
CONCLUSIONS
An individualized surgical approach in patients with CM1 is safe and effective. Currently available scores, such as the CSI and FVRA, may be used to determine the appropriate surgical approach for patients with CM1.
Calcaneous interlock-nail treatment for Calcaneous fracture: a multiple center retrospective study
Authors: Peng Ye , Wang Junsong , Feng Bo , Li Yunshou , Zhu Yunlong , Yuan Weiqing , Teng Lei , Zhu Chengming , Shi Bin , Zhang Lihai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive treatments for calcaneous fractures have the same outcomes and fewer complications. However, they are technically demanding, and there are a lack reduction tools. To overcome these problems, a calcaneous interlock nail system was developed that can make reduction and fixation minimally invasive and effective. We retrospectively studied the calcaneous fracture variables intraoperatively and followed up to evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with the interlock nail system.
Methods
All patients in 7 institutions between January 2020 and May 2021 who had calcaneous fractures treated with interlock nails were retrospectively analyzed. The patient characteristics, including age, sex, injury mechanism, Sanders type classification, smoking status, and diabetes, were recorded. The interlock calcaneous nail and standard surgical technique were introduced. The intraoperative variables, including days waiting for surgery, surgery time, blood loss, incision length, and fluoroscopy time, were recorded. The outcomes of complications, AOFAS scores and VAS scores were recorded.
Results
Fifty-nine patients were involved in this study; 54 were male; 5 were female; and they had an average age of 47.5 ± 9.2 years (range 25–70). Two of these fractures were Sanders type I, 28 of these fractures were Sanders type II, 27 of these fractures were Sanders type III, and 2 of these were Sanders type IV. The surgery time was 131.9 ± 50.5 (30–240) minutes on average. The blood loss was 36.9 ± 41.1 (1-250). The average incision length was 3.5 ± 1.8 (1–8) cm; 57 were sinus tarsi incisions; and 2 were closed fixations without incisions. The average fluoroscopy time was 12.3 ± 3.6 (10–25) seconds during the surgery. The VAS score of patients on the day after surgery was 2.4 ± 0.7 (1–3). The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score in patients who had a follow-up of at 12 months was 93.3 ± 3.6(85–99). During the follow-up, all patients’ functional outcomes were good. One patient had a superficial infection. The rate of complications of the 59 patients was 1.7% (1/59).
Conclusions
The calcaneous interlock nail system can have satisfactory reduction and fixation in calcaneous fractures, even in Sanders type IV. The outcomes of follow-up showed good function. The interlock nail could be an alternative method for minimally invasive calcaneous fracture fixation.
Immobilized Cold-Active Enzymes onto Magnetic Chitosan Microparticles as a Highly Stable and Reusable Carrier for p-xylene Biodegradation in Soil
Authors: Miri Saba , Ravula Anupriya , Akhtarian Shiva , Brar Satinder Kaur , Martel Richard , Rouissi Tarek 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Stability and reusability properties are the two most important factors that determine an enzyme's application in industry. To this end, cold-active crude enzymes from a psychrophile were immobilized on magnetic chitosan microparticles using glutaraldehyde as a linker. Immobilization was optimized based on four variables, such as magnetic particle, chitosan, glutaraldehyde, and enzyme concentrations. The immobilized enzymes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The immobilized enzymes showed improved pH tolerance ranging from 4.0 to 9.0, better temperature stability ranging from 5 to 50, higher storage stability (∼70% activity after 30 days of storage), and more importantly, reusability (∼40% activity after 10 repetitive cycles of usage) compared to their free form. Also, the immobilization of enzymes increased the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment of p-xylene (10,000 mg/kg) in soil. As a result of the superior catalytic properties of immobilized XMO and C1,2D, they offer great potential for in situ or ex situ bioremediation of pollutants in soil or water.
Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota and immune genes of wild and Captive Spodoptera frugiperda to reveal the response of the immune system to field environment in Jianghuai region, China
Authors: Zheng Renwen , Cheng Luoling , Peng Jun , Li Qianqian , Yang Fan , Yang Dehua , Xia Yuxian , Tang Qingfeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), a fall armyworm, has quickly expanded across China, causing maize (Zea mays L.) crop output losses on the mainland. While, little is known about the gut immune responses to field environment, particularly along the autumn and winter migration routes in China's Jianghuai region. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) technology was used to analyze the differences of gut microbiota communities and immune genes between captive and wild fall armyworm populations. The findings revealed that the gut microbial community and diversity, wild populations had higher alpha diversity and the average weighted UniFrac distance of bacterial taxa was different. A wide variety of immune genes were more abundant in the wild populations. The data indicated that the gut microbiota and immune system of S. frugiperda was influenced not only by diets, but also by various surviving environments, which played an important role in environmental adaptation. These contrasts of gut microbiota and immune responses variations between wild and captive Fall armyworm are crucial for understanding the symbiotic relationship between microbes and immune genes and host, and call for more attention on the development of more effective and environmentally friendly pest management strategies.
Validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis in fruit development of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb using quantitative real-time PCR
Authors: He Feng , Gui Liangxian , Zhang Yan , Zhu Bo , Zhang Xiaoping , Shen Min , Wan Fengying , Yang Lu , Xiao Jiaxin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. (VBT) is widely distributed in the mountainous areas in eastern and southern China. VBT leaves have great medical value and can be used to stain rice to produce “Wumifan”. Its fruits also contain rich nutrients. However, there has been limited attention to exploring the molecular content of VBT. Previously, we performed RNA-seq on three typical VBT fruits that were at various stages of ripening, although a reliable reference gene was lost in validation. Results: In this study, we selected ten candidate reference genes based on previous studies and transcriptomics analyses. Subsequently, these genes were evaluated using a combination of methods, including geNorm, NormFinder, and Bestkeeper, with a comprehensive ranking assessment. As a result, we found that the actin2, NADH, and ADK genes have high reliability for analysing the expression levels of genes involved in fruit development. Furthermore, the transcript levels of 15 DEGs from transcriptomic analysis were assessed using NADH as a reference gene, and RT-qPCR data were highly consistent with the transcriptomic data. Conclusions: These results provide a reliable reference gene for further studying gene expression, which will be beneficial for comprehensively exploring VBT.
Creatine Phosphokinase:in VitroActivity Modification And Proteolysis with Calpain
Authors: Arthur Gavin D. , Belcastro Angelo N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Disturbances in the CPK system are usually observed during conditions when the intracellular calcium activated neutral protease (CANP) is active. To determine if CPK could be a substrate for calpain in vitro; purified CPK, (MM isoform) activity was measured after incubation with increasing amounts of calpain. CPK activity was initially increased then progressively lost. These activity changes paralleled increasing degrees of limited proteolysis of MM-CPK which produced two large fragments of approximately 38 and 35 kilodaltons
Evaluation of the Significance of Charge and Length of Side Chain on the P’1- S'1 Interactions In (Serine) Carboxypeptidase Y
Authors: Stennicke Henning R. , Henriksen Dennis B. , Breddam Klaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Many enzymes exhibit a very broad specificity due to the ability of some subsites to accommodate both polar and apolar amino acid residues. In the present study the origin of the ability of CPD-Y to cleave substrates with large apolar as well as positively charged P; amino acid residues has been investigated by utilization of substrates containing amino acids with side chains of varying length and charge.
Modeling of the Reaction Mechanism of the Decomposition of a New Class of Mechanism­-Based Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Thondorf Iris , Brandt Wolfgang , Stockel Angela , Demuth Hans-Ulrich 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Investigating the hydrolytic stability of mechanism-based inhibitors such as peptidyl 0-acyl hydroxamates we found that peptidyl hydroxamates with proline in P1-position are up to 3 orders of magnitude more stable than those with other residues in this position.
Semiempirical AMI calculations have been carried out for the comparison of proline and glycine containing hydroxamates and on their corresponding anions. The theoretical calculations indicate an interaction between the N-terminal amide hydrogen with the negatively charged carboxamide function of the glycine anions. Such an arrangement is not possible in the case of the proline analogues. Based on these results an explanation of the remarkable difference of the rate constants due to different decomposition mechanisms of the
0-benzoyl-N-acetyl aminoacyl hydroxamates can be given.
A Novel 11-Residue Coiled-Coil Motif Predicts a Histidine Zipper
Authors: Werner Ekkehard , Holder Anthony A. , Aszodi Andras , Taylor William R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
A protein sequence is described that consists of a highly repeated 11-mer motif. The motif has the characteristics of an α -helical coilled-coil but contains, in addition, a highly conserved histidine position that lies centrally on the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic helix. The sequence was modelled as ei­ ther a three or four stranded coilled-coil with the histidines hydrogen-bonded
. (like a zipper) in the core.
Low-Dose versus Conventional-dose Oral Isotretinoin Regimens:
A Systematic Review on Randomized Controlled Comparative Studies of
Different Regimens
Authors: Legiawati Lili , Fahira Alessa , Taufiqqurrachman Iqbal , Arifin Ghafur R. , Widitha Ucca R. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The effectiveness of Isotretinoin is superior compared to other acne therapies, particularly in reducing acne lesion counts. Concerns, however, arise relating the most optimal dosage regimen with the best efficacy and lesser side effect

Objective:
We intend to review existing randomized controlled comparative studies of isotretinoin in different regimens

Methods:
PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched. The inclusion criteria is RCT article. Full-text reading excluded articles that did not use GAGS as the method of measurement. The Out of 921 articles electronically searched, 6 RCTs were extracted and summarized descriptively. After full-text reading, 4 RCTs were included. We then conducted risk of bias assessments for the selected studies using The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

Results:
Across all trials, low-dose regimens were preferable in all types of acne—owing to its similar efficacy to conventional dose but with fewer occurrence of side effects as well as better patients’ satisfaction and compliance. Furthermore, a continuous low-dose regimen had the best efficacy in comparison to other regimens of low-dose treatment.

Discussion:
The limitations of our study include a slight difference of dosage between selected studies. Another limitations are that some studies did not explain the side effects and relapse rate thoroughly and did not state the compliance scoring method used.

Conclusion:
This review recommends continuous low-dose treatment as the chosen regimen for acne vulgaris. However, further evaluation regarding relapse rate compared to the conventional dose is needed.
A Case of de novo Annular-plaque Type Psoriasis Following Oxford-
AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Chhabra Namrata , George Anju 
Published: June 2022

Background:
There have been increasing reported cases of new-onset or aggravation of
pre-existing dermatoses after the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination.

Case Presentation:
An elderly male was presented with multiple annular scaly plaques all over the
body two weeks following administration of the first dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.
The lesions further aggravated after taking the second dose of the vaccine. The clinical and
histopathology features were suggestive of annular plaque psoriasis.

Conclusion:
We report this first case of de novo plaque psoriasis following the Oxford-
AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, and it signifies a potential side effect of autoimmune reactivation
after COVID vaccination.
Role of Functional Food Additives in Regulating the Immune Response to
COVID-19
Authors: Verma Ravindra , Bagel Meenakshi Pal 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Food additives act as preventive measures and promote a healthy immune
response against pathogenic diseases. There are several functional food additives with antiviral potential that are part of our daily food supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity
of the human being during the pandemic of COVID-19.

Scope and Approach:
For this study, an extensive database search using the scientific databases and
Google Scholar, as well as commercial search engines, such as Google and Google Patent, was conducted to explore commercial and patentable applications.

Key Finding:
Food additives, such as Phyllanthus emblica, Long pepper, Cinnamon, Turmeric,
Cardamom, Ginger, Garlic, Holy Basil, and Liquorice, are used in traditional cultures as preventive
treatments. The phytocompounds extracted from these food additives are immune modulators
against various pathogenic inflammations. Enhancing the immune response and boosting health are
the benefits of these food additives.

Conclusion:
The research literature and reputable sources online confirm that functional food additives in a regular diet may help cure COVID-19 disease. It is necessary to conduct scientific research to determine the effectiveness of food additives.

Future Direction:
The majority of diseases are caused by metabolic disorders. It is clear that diet plays
a major role in controlling the inflammation associated with diseases and metabolic disorders. There is
still a lack of phytochemical screening of compounds in food additives and their interaction with metabolism. This effort will help the science community to think outside of the box of medicine.