bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Optimization of Laser Excitation and Detection Improves Spectral Contrast in Noninvasive Diffuse Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Dooley Max , Paterson Thomas , Dexter Louise , Matousek Pavel , Dehghani Hamid , Notingher Ioan 
Published: January 2022

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a powerful technique for subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation has been used to investigate opportunities for improving spectral contrast and signal to noise ratio when imaging regions of interest located 0–4.5 mm below the surface in polymer bulk material. Two- and three-dimensional modeling results demonstrate that when analyzing a certain region of interest (ROI) of finite lateral dimensions below the sample surface, offsetting both the laser source and detector in opposite directions from the central point of the ROI can increase the spectral contrast as compared to conventional SORS approach where the detector or the laser source is maintained at the central point (centered SORS). The outlined modeling results have been validated experimentally using a bulk polymer sample with a trans-stilbene ROI (cylinder) below the sample surface. The results show that modeling of the spatial configurations of laser excitation and detection points can be used to optimize the instrument configuration to achieve significant improvements (up to 2.25-fold) in performance over the conventional centered SORS. Such optimal solutions can then be implemented, for example, using robust fiber optic probes, moveable optics, or flexible spatial light modulator instruments for specific applications.
A Simple Sample Preparation Method to Significantly Improve Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectra of Microplastics
Authors: Finnegan Alexander , Süsserott Rebekah C. , Koh Lip-Hwee , Teo Wei-Boon , Gouramanis Chris 
Published: January 2022

Spectroscopic analysis has become an essential part of the rapidly growing field of microplastic (MP) research. Here, we introduce a simple sample preparation method that dramatically improves results from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of MP and other environmental fibers. Our method provides cost-effective, reliable, high-quality spectra that achieve high-matching scores to polymer libraries. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated with two environmental datasets from Singapore and Phnom Penh that were collected while sampling for atmospheric MPs. The method developed and applied in this study is a simplification of the KBr method, where the analyzed fiber is pressed to a thickness of <10 μm; however, no KBr powder is required. For the combined dataset, 379 non-pressed fibers were analyzed with 193 (51%) returning a search score of ≥80% (chosen minimum search score threshold) and 259 pressed fibers, with 254 (98%) returning a search score of ≥80%. Direct comparisons of fibers before and after pressing show that the highest individual search score, and average search score from multiple single-point measurements, is overwhelmingly higher following our method. Our method immobilizes and improves the surface of the fiber, by creating a wider and uniform area for measurements. For FT-IR operators, this saves considerable time, improves reliability of the analysis, and, importantly, provides reproducibility of the spectra generated.
The temporal relationship between mental health service use and stalking perpetration
Authors: Albrecht Bonnie , Spivak Benjamin , Daffern Michael , McEwan Troy E 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Mental disorder is common among people who stalk. However, the nature of this association is unclear and it is not known whether the commencement of stalking is associated with symptoms of disorder. This study used a longitudinal design to examine the association between the onset and cessation of stalking behavior and indicators of mental disorder in the form of mental health service use. Method: Data linkage was used to explore public mental health service use among 157 people who engaged in stalking in Melbourne, Australia. Mental health service use across the lifetime, 5 months prior to stalking onset, between the onset and cessation of stalking (during stalking) and 5 months post-stalking was identified. Mixed regression models tested temporal associations between types of mental health service use (acute vs continuing care) and onset and cessation of stalking in a subsample of 130 participants where dates of the stalking episode were available. Results: A total of 105 (67%) participants had lifetime use of public mental health services, while 15% accessed mental health services in the 5 months prior to ( N = 19) or during the stalking ( N = 20) and 22% ( N = 29) used services in the 5 months after the stalking ceased. Odds of using acute mental health services and average monthly rate of use were highest during the stalking. Odds and average monthly rate of using continuing care were highest after the episode ceased. Conclusions: Most people who stalk have used public mental health services, but a minority access services immediately prior to or during the stalking episode. Acute service use was more common during the stalking, while use of continuing care services was more common after the stalking ceased. These findings provide preliminary support for a temporal relationship between acute mental disorder and stalking behavior.
Changes in dynamic mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates under multiple low energy impacts
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Wang Shengnan 
Published: January 2022

Composite laminates used in aircraft structures are easily subjected to multiple impacts during their service period. The detailed analysis of impact responses could reflect the stiffness of composite structure. Nevertheless, the impact response of laminates with a large width-thickness ratio is quite different from that of ordinary laminates. The deflection could reach several times the thickness during the impact. The present paper performed an experimental study using drop weight equipment to investigate the changes in dynamic mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates during multiple low energy impacts. Three kinds of impact energy levels of 5, 10, and 15 J were applied for the single impact event. The specimens impacted at 5 and 10 J were then subjected to subsequent impacts in order to explore the differences between single and multiple strikes with the same total impact energy. The global mechanical responses during each impact procedure were recorded and analyzed by the changes of impact force, contact time, peak energy moment, energy absorption, and displacement after every single impact. Although the first strike had introduced damages into the plates, the peak force and maximum displacement increased unexpectedly rather than decreased during the second strike. Meanwhile, the damage was evaluated using ultrasonic C-scan and visual inspection. The results indicated that the multiple impacts did not produce as much damage as the first strike. Short matrix cracks were observed at the edge of the dent except for the single impact with 5 J energy.
Osteitis in Diseases With Unilateral Opacification of Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Takeda Kazuya , Terada Risa , Tanaka Shohei , Waki Sadanori , Akama Toshiyuki , Nishimura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

Objectives Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease with mucosal inflammation, and may sometimes be accompanied by bone thickening. The disease is usually bilateral; when it is unilateral, there may be a specific disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between unilateral sinus opacification and osteitis. Methods In total, 104 patients with computed tomography revealing unilateral sinus opacification were included in this study. Patients were retrospectively evaluated using the Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS) score, Lund–Mackey (LM) score, polyp score, and blood tests. Results In total, 47, 11, 9, 17, and 20 patients had CRS, paranasal sinus cyst, inverted papilloma, mycetoma, and odontogenic sinusitis, respectively. The GOSS score in patients with mycetoma was higher than that in patients with CRS. However, no significant differences in the GOSS scores between patients with mycetoma, inverted papilloma, and odontogenic sinusitis existed. 10 of the 104 patients had osteitis with extensive bone thickening and a GOSS score of 4 or higher. Patients with CRS and mycetoma tended to have a higher GOSS score for the maxillary sinus than for the other sinuses. There was a significant positive correlation between the GOSS score and LM score in patients with diseases other than paranasal sinus cyst. Conclusions Mycetoma is more likely to cause osteitis than CRS, and a unique mechanism of osteitis exacerbation is predicted. As there is a positive correlation between bone thickening and sinus inflammation, a close association between osteitis and mucosal inflammation is inferred in diseases involving unilateral sinus opacification.
Cost-Effectiveness of Community-to-Clinic Tailored Navigation for Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Underserved Population: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Group-Randomized Trial
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Bucho-Gonzalez Julie , Menon Usha , Szalacha Laura A. , Larkey Linda 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Although screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) lowers mortality and morbidity and is generally cost-effective, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of screening promotion. Design Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a group-randomized trial. Setting: Multicultural, underinsured communities in the Phoenix, Arizona, area. Subjects English- or Spanish-speaking adults who were out of compliance for CRC screening guidelines. Intervention All participants received community-based group education (GE), and the intervention group also received tailored community-to-clinic navigation (GE+TN). Measures Number of participants screened and costs of tailored navigation, clinic visits, and CRC screening tests. Analysis Incremental cost per additional person screened from the perspective of the healthcare system with bootstrapped confidence intervals. Results Community sites were recruited and randomized to GE (n = 120) and GE + TN (n = 119). Across these sites 1154 individuals were screened, 504 were eligible, and 345 attended the group education class (n = 134 GE; n = 211 GE + TN). Screening rates (26.5% GE + TN; 10.4% GE; 16.1% increase 95% CI: 7%, 23%) and costs per participant ($271 GE + TN; $167 GE; a net cost increase of $104 95% CI: $1, $189) were significantly higher in the intervention group. Incremental cost-effectiveness was $646 (95% CI: -$68, $953) per additional person screened. Conclusion Depending on the value placed on an additional person screened, the addition of community-to-clinic tailored navigation to a community-based CRC screening promotion program may be highly cost-effective.
Reach, Receptivity, And Beliefs Associated With the Fresh Empire Campaign to Prevent and Reduce Cigarette Use Among Youth in the United States
Authors: Guillory Jamie , Curry Laurel , Farrelly Matthew , Henes Amy , Homsi Ghada , Saunders McKinley , MacMonegle Anna , Fiacco Leah , Alexander Tesfa , Delahanty Janine , Mekos Debra , Hoffman Leah , Ganz Ollie 
Published: January 2022

Purpose To determine the association between exposure to FDA’s Fresh Empire tobacco public education campaign and tobacco-related beliefs. Design Repeated cross-sectional data collection design with embedded longitudinal cohort over six data collection waves. Setting 30 US evaluation markets. Sample Hip Hop peer crowd-identified US youth aged 12–18 (N = 5,378). Measures Self-reported brand and video ad awareness (saw any ad at least sometimes) and perceived effectiveness (1–5 scale) to describe campaign awareness and receptivity. Exogenous exposure was measured using population-adjusted broadcast and digital video impressions. Tobacco-related beliefs included beliefs about smoking risks, attitudes towards tobacco-free people and lifestyles, and normative beliefs about smoking. Analysis Descriptive analyses of awareness, receptivity, and agreement with tobacco-related beliefs. Logistic regression models to determine the relationship between broadcast and digital video impressions and beliefs. Intervention Fresh Empire campaign. Results The campaign generated a high level of reach (71% brand and 66% video ad awareness at final wave) and messages were well-received (across waves 3.5–4.1 mean perceived effectiveness scores). Higher broadcast television exposure was associated with increased agreement with five beliefs related to addiction/control, being a bad influence on family/friends, and cosmetic effects of smoking (breath and attractiveness) (ORs = 1.16–1.27, ( Ps < .05)). Conclusion Fresh Empire successfully reached and resonated with Hip Hop-identified youth. The campaign was associated with a limited number of targeted beliefs.
Comprando Rico y Sano: Increasing Latino Nutrition Knowledge, Healthful Diets, and Food Access Through a National Community-Based Intervention
Authors: Rascón Mayra S. , Garcia Melawhy L. , Nguyen-Rodriguez Selena T. , Galvez Gino , Gepp Alejandra , Carrillo Elizabeth , Carreon Rita 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Evaluation findings from Comprando Rico y Sano (CRS), a culturally relevant, community-based intervention addressing nutrition knowledge and food access are presented. Design No-control quasi-experimental intervention with pre, post, and follow-up assessments. Setting CRS was promotores-led through UnidosUS's Affiliate Network of community–based partners. Sample Low-income Latino adults (N = 966) receiving services at 25 partner sites. Intervention CRS was a six-hour intervention focused on nutrition knowledge and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and home-prepared meals. It also provided guidance for health-conscious grocery shopping, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) information, and enrollment assistance. Measures Self-report surveys assessed nutrition knowledge; intention to change; and frequency of fruit, vegetable, and home-prepared meal consumption. Sites reported monthly SNAP enrollment data. Analysis Paired-samples t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVAs assessed changes in knowledge, intentions, and behavior from pre-to-post (n = 960) and pre-to-follow-up (n = 115). Results Pre-to-follow-up increases in nutrition knowledge (P < .001) were observed. Intention to consume more vegetables (P = .027) and home-prepared meals (P < .001) also improved between pre- and follow-up. Increases from pre-to-follow-up were observed for frequency of consuming fruits (P = .007), vegetables (P = .001), and home-prepared meals (P < .001). Across 16 months, 24,359 Latinos enrolled for SNAP. Conclusion Large-scale community collaborations to deliver culturally relevant nutrition education and SNAP enrollment assistance can increase food access, health literacy, and promote healthful diets for Latinos.
Narrative Messages, Information Seeking and COVID-19 Vaccine Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Behavioral Control
Authors: Borah Porismita , Xiao Xizhu , Lee Danielle Ka Lai 
Published: January 2022

Purpose The main purposes of the current study are to examine 1) the influence of narrative vs statistics messages on COVID-19 related information seeking and COVID-19 vaccine intention and 2) the moderating role of perceived behavioral control (PBC). Design Data for a between-subject randomized experiment were collected online. The manipulation messages were presented as screenshots from the CDC’s Facebook page. Setting The participants were recruited from Amazon MTurk. Subjects A total of 300 subjects participated in the study, who were 18 years and above ( M = 38.40). Measures Intention to seek information, COVID-19 vaccine intention, and PBC. Analysis To test the hypotheses, we utilized Hayes’s (2014) PROCESS for SPSS (Model 1). For intention to seek information, the main effect of the message manipulation (narrative vs statistics) [ b = −2.10, t (300) = −4.14, P < .001] and the interaction [ b = .41, t (300) = 3.88, P < .001] were significant. For vaccine intention, the main effects of message manipulation [ b = 1.64, t (300) = −2.61, P < .005] and the interaction [ b = .34, t (300) = 2.64, P < .005] were significant. Results Our research found that narrative messages were more persuasive for both information seeking and vaccine intention. But this was true only in the case of individuals whose PBC was low. Conclusions Our findings have critical implications for vaccine promotion research.
The hydraulic and thermal performances of rectangular and square microchannel with different hydraulic diameters cooled by graphene–platinum hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Kumar R Avinash , M Kavitha , Kumar P Manoj , Seshadri S Arvindh 
Published: January 2022

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of hydraulic diameter and channel shape on the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of a microchannel cooled by Graphene–Platinum/water hybrid nanofluid for electronic cooling applications. The study was performed numerically using mathematical software called Maple 19.0. Microchannels having square and rectangular cross-sections, and hydraulic diameters ranging from 200 µm to 1,000 µm were taken into consideration. Thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and friction factor were evaluated for different conditions and their corresponding graphs are presented and discussed. It was evident from the results that low thermal resistance and high heat transfer coefficient was achieved upon decreasing the hydraulic diameter, which is favorable for the cooling of electronic chips and devices. Based on the Reynolds number, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 2–4 times for both rectangular and square microchannels, on decreasing the hydraulic diameter from highest value (1,000 µm) to lowest value (200 µm). However, friction factor and pressure drop increased for channels with lower hydraulic diameters. In addition, rectangular microchannels exhibited better heat transfer performance, while square microchannels had lower friction factor and pressure drop. Rectangular microchannels presented a maximum enhancement of 30% in heat transfer coefficient and a reduction of 18% in thermal resistance, when compared to square microchannels. The results also suggested that the performance of microchannels with 500 µm hydraulic diameter is balanced, considering both heat transfer performance and pressure drop constraints.
Numerical analyses of the concentrated solar receiver pipes with superheated steam
Authors: Kurt Erol , Demirci Mustafa , Şahin Hacı M 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, numerical analyses on a concentrated solar receiver pipes have been performed. The fluid is considered to be superheated steam phase. The pressure drops and temperature distribution in the absorber tubes of the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) have been explored in detail. In the numerical studies, the experimental data received from the solar test facility located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain has been used for the real world application in order to shed a light on the superheated phase of the plant. The RNG k-ε turbulence model is considered for the Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses. In the explorations, especially the fluid behavior at different mass flows has been taken into account. The process has been evaluated for different temperate T and pressure P cases such as Case 1: p = 3.21 MPa, T = 240.4°C and Case 2: p = 10 MPa, T = 500°C. According to the results, the numerical results have been in good agreement within the error rate of 0.79% for the experimental temperature measurements. Therefore, the proposed numerical technique can be generalized for different steam parameters of PTSC in order to estimate the steam characterization for the experimental facility.
The Application and Patient-Reported Experience of Telephone Consultations in Elective Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgery: 12-Month Follow-up
Authors: Sharma Aman , Howgate Daniel , Loizou Constantinos , Rogers Mark , Sharp Robert , Kendal Adrian , Brown Rick 
Published: January 2022

Background: Telemedicine offers convenient and affordable health care, overcoming the logistical challenges of face-to-face encounters. Clinicians increasingly relied on telemedicine during the global pandemic. To assess the ongoing role for telemedicine in orthopaedics, we prospectively analyzed the failure rate, safety and patient-reported experience of telephone consultations for 12 months. Methods: 265 telephone Foot/Ankle consultations were conducted in April 2020 and were prospectively analyzed over 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the rate of failed telephone consultations. A consultation was deemed unacceptable if the patient did not answer, if the clinician could not reach a conclusion or if any outcome changed over 12 months. Secondary outcome measures included patient-reported satisfaction and time saved by avoiding a face-to-face visit. Results: A clinical decision was reached in 84% of follow-up telephone consultations and 64% of new patient consultations ( P = 0.001). Sixty-six percent were managed with nonoperative therapies, 16% were discharged, and 11% were added to the waiting list for surgery. The reasons for failing to achieve a clinical decision included failure to contact the patient (12.8%), inappropriate discharge with subsequent rereferral (1.9%), and insufficient clinical information (1.5%). Overall, 84.7% of patients reported that the telephone consultation was highly useful and 71.9% would recommend it to a friend or family member. Patients reported a mean time saving of 120 minutes. Conclusion: Based on our experience, we provide recommended criteria for the safe and practical use of telephone consultations and suggest versatile patient care pathways into which a telephone consultation can be incorporated. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective cohort series (noncomparative).
The Relationship Between Temperature and Temporal Patterns and Incidence of Abusive Head Trauma in a Midwest Region Hospital
Authors: Mehta Nehali , Bliss Laura , Trolard Anne , Kondis Jamie S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of death and disability in children and one of the most lethal forms of child abuse. Most known risk factors for AHT pertain to the infant’s caregiver and limited research has assessed external influences beyond the familial or caregiver/infant dyad. Objective: Our primary objective was to determine if temperature patterns are associated with AHT events. Secondary outcomes included associations between AHT and specific days of the week, months, or seasons. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 198 patients under 24 months old who were diagnosed with AHT at Saint Louis Children’s Hospital. Demographic information was obtained from the medical record for each patient. For each AHT incident, the date and zip code of the incident were recorded. Temperature on the date of incident was identified using the Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC). Chi square tests were utilized to calculate differences in cases per year as well as temperature and seasonal variation. Results: Temperature was not associated with a statistically significant increase in cases of AHT. There was an increase in cases as temperatures rose, but no statistically significant associations between incidence of AHT and day of the week, month, or season. Conclusion: Our study suggests no significant association between AHT incidence and temperature or temporal patterns in this Midwest hospital.