bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporary trend, clinical characteristics and outcomes in HIV and non-HIV patients following liposuction: A propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Yang Fan , Peng Chi , Peng Liwei , He Jia , Jin Zhichao , Li Yuejun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Thanks to the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are enjoying greater longevity, meanwhile, with chronic conditions including abnormal adipose distribution. However, prior data on perioperative outcomes of liposuction in HIV (+) patients were limited by small sample size. Therefore, we aimed to compare differences in temporary trend, clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without HIV who underwent liposuction.

Methods:
The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2010 to 2017 was queried to identify patients undergoing liposuction. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression and 1:4 propensity score matched analyses were employed to assess the primary outcomes (in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition and postoperative outcomes) and secondary outcomes (prolonged length of stay, total cost).

Results:
Overall, 19936 patients undergoing liposuction were identified, among whom 61 (0.31%) patients were infected with HIV. Patients with HIV were more likely to be male, insured by Medicare, and had more comorbidities with lower income. Unadjusted length of stay was longer among patients with HIV (OR 1.808, 95% CI 1.092–2.994, p = 0.020), nevertheless, multivariable models and propensity score matched analysis demonstrated that patients with HIV were no more likely to undergo complications than the general population. This was also the case for length of stay and total costs.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicated that patients who underwent liposuction with HIV did not experience increased risk of potentially in-hospital major complication or mortality. Liposuction could be safely considered as a surgical treatment for HIV (+) patients with local fat deposition.
Effects of Dose and Injection Site on Gingival Smile Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Prospective Study.
Authors: Gong Xi , Yuan Mengning , Gu Chenyang , Yan Boxi , Li Jianjun , Zou Lidong , An Yang , Tang Zhihui , Han Xuefeng 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Botulinum toxin type A is an easy and efficacious treatment for gingival smile. However, the optimal dose and injection site are controversial.

Objective:
We compared the reduction in gingival exposure using two methods with different doses and injection sites.

Methods:
In this prospective self-controlled study, healthy participants with gingival smile (anterior gingival exposure of >3 mm) underwent two treatment methods. First, participants received a single-point injection of 2 U botulinum toxin type A per side (simplified method). After 8 months, the individualized method was performed with 2–5 U of botulinum toxin type A (total 4–10 U), which was injected at 1–2 sites according to pretreatment severity. Data were collected at baseline and at 4, 12, and 32 weeks of follow up.

Results:
Fifty-five participants were enrolled. Anterior gingival exposure and bilateral posterior gingival exposure were significantly reduced 4 and 12 weeks after botulinum toxin type A injection (P ≤ 0.05) with both methods. These parameters returned to baseline by 32 weeks (P > 0.05). Posttreatment anterior gingival exposure at 4 weeks and 12 weeks with the individualized method was significantly lower compared with the simplified method (both P ≤ 0.05). Patient satisfaction with the individualized method was preferred compared with the simplified method (P ≤ 0.05). Few adverse events were observed with both methods without statistical significance.

Conclusions:
It is necessary to increase the injection dose and tailor the injection site according to the pretreatment severity of anterior gingival smile.
Silicone Breast Implant Surface Texture Impacts Gene Expression in Periprosthetic Fibrous Capsules
Authors: Daneshgaran Giulia , Gardner Daniel J. , Chen Hsuan-Hsiu Annie , Niknam-Bienia Solmaz , Soundarajan Vinaya , Raghuram Anjali C. , Kim Gene H. , Labaj Pawel , Kreil David P. , Wang Charles , Hong Young-Kwon , Wong Alex K. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Silicone breast implants with smooth outer shells are associated with higher rates of capsular contracture, while textured implants have been linked to the development of breast implant-associated ALCL. By assessing the gene expression profile of fibrous capsules formed in response to smooth and textured implants, we can gain insight into the development of breast implant-associated pathologies.

Methods:
Miniature smooth or textured silicone implants were surgically inserted into female rats (n=10) and harvested for the surrounding capsules on postoperative week 6. RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify genes differentially expressed between smooth and textured capsules. For clinical correlation, the expression of candidate genes was assayed in implant capsules harvested from human patients with and without capsular contracture.

Results:
Out of 18,555 differentially expressed transcripts identified, three candidate genes were selected: matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), troponin-T3 (TNNT3) and neuregulin-1 (NRG1). In textured capsules, relative gene expression and immunostaining of MMP3 and TNNT3 was upregulated while NRG1 was downregulated compared to smooth capsules (mean relative fold change: 8.79, p=0.0059; 4.81, p=0.0056; 0.40, p<0.0001, respectively). Immunostaining of human specimens with capsular contracture revealed similar gene expression patterns to those of animal-derived smooth capsules.

Conclusion:
An expression pattern of low MMP3/low TNNT3/high NRG1 is specifically associated with smooth implant capsules and human implant capsules with capsular contracture. Our clinically relevant breast implant rat model provides a strong foundation to further explore the molecular genetics of implant texture and its effect on breast implant-associated pathologies.
H-wing Neoumbilicoplasty: A New Technique for Advanced Abdominoplasty and Umbilical Zones by Gender
Authors: Hoyos Alfredo E. , Perez Mauricio E. , Mogollon Ivan R. , Arcila Andres 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Multiple umbilicoplasty techniques have been described, even more after the advent of full tummy tuck procedures and the neo-umbilicoplasty (X-shaped incision) described by the authors in a previous report. However, we decided to upgrade the technique (H-wing incision) due to the former procedure relatively common complications.

PURPOSE:
We are reporting a case series of an upgraded technique for neo-umbilicoplasty (H-wing technique) and compared its outcomes with our previous standard procedure (X-Shaped).

METHODS:
We reviewed our records for neoumbilicoplasties performed between January 2014 and December 2019. We divided the procedures according to the surgical technique and performed a detailed analysis about timing, complications, uses and quality standards according to the patients’ opinion through a non-standardized survey.

RESULTS:
We found a total of 407 procedures distributed in two techniques: X-shaped (n=179) incision and H-wing technique (n=228). The former was performed from Jan 2014 to October 2016 and the Latter from September 2016 to December 2019. High Satisfaction indexes were found for both procedures, however less complications were seen in the H-wing group. The X-Shaped incision is thought to generate a greater force of tension over the flaps compared to that from H-wing technique, which consequently increased the risk of flap necrosis and flattening.

CONCLUSIONS:
The H-wing technique for neoumbilicoplasty decreases the risk of postoperative complications such as dehiscence, skin necrosis and navel flattening, while keeping high aesthetic standards and satisfaction indexes among patients. The technique can be used either after lipoabdominoplasty or secondary procedures as well.
The Interaction of HIV With Mental Health in the Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Era
Authors: Carrico Adam W. , Rubin Leah H. , Paul Robert H. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
People with HIV (PWH) receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) continue to display residual immune dysregulation that amplifies the risk for neuropsychiatric comorbidities. At the same time, PWH commonly experience intersectional stigma and other psychosocial stressors that are linked to neuroendocrine stress responses, potentiate residual immune dysregulation, and alter other biobehavioral processes relevant to health outcomes. This special issue of Psychosomatic Medicine seeks to advance our understanding of the intersection of HIV with mental health in the modern ART era. Several articles cover topics related to the prevalence and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities among PWH such as depression, suicidality, and substance use disorders. Other articles delineate biobehavioral mechanisms relevant to mental health in PWH such as inflammation, immune activation, neuroendocrine signaling, cellular aging, the microbiome-gut-brain axis, and neurobehavioral processes. Collectively, the articles in this special issue highlight the continued importance of biobehavioral and neurobehavioral mental health research in the modern ART era.
Predicting Treatment Response in Primary Aldosteronism Using 11C-Metomidate Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Lu Ching-Chu , Chen Chien-Jung , Peng Kang-Yung , Chueh Jeff S. , Chang Chin-Chen , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Wu Vin-Cent ,   Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) Study Group
Published: October 2022

Background
Appropriate treatment of primary aldosteronism (PA) depends on accurate lateralization. 11C-metomidate (MTO) is a tracer used in PET that provides functional information about the adrenal cortex. We aimed to perform MTO PET for patients with PA who are managed according to the guideline and to verify its correlation with other lateralization modalities and usefulness in outcome prediction.

Methods
Seventeen patients with PA who underwent MTO PET and had ≥1 lateralization modality (adrenal venous sampling and/or NP-59 adrenal scintigraphy) were included. SUVmax of each adrenal gland (higher uptake side, HSUVmax; lower uptake side, LSUVmax) and the ratio of HSUVmax to LSUVmax (contrast) were compared with lateralization modalities, postsurgical outcomes, and medical treatment outcomes. Cutoff values were used as outcome predictors.

Results
HSUVmax and LSUVmax increased in the order of bilateral, unilateral, and negative findings of CT, with opposite order of contrast. High discordant rate between MTO PET and other lateralization modalities was noted. Biochemical responders (n = 8) had significantly lower HSUVmax and LSUVmax than nonresponders, and clinical responders (n = 6) had borderline lower HSUVmax than nonresponders. By optimal cutoff values of HSUVmax and LSUVmax, MTO PET was able to predict biochemical and clinical outcomes in patients with medical treatment.

Conclusion
According to adrenal CT findings, MTO PET presented different uptake patterns. Patients with PA under medical treatment showed significantly lower tracer uptake in responders. Thus, MTO PET may be a useful imaging biomarker to predict medical treatment outcome. Multicenter prospective study with a larger number of patients is needed for further validation.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Additional Benefit of Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis for Endovenous Varicose Vein Interventions
Authors: Turner Benedict R. H. , Machin Matthew , Jasionowska Sara , Salim Safa , Onida Sarah , Shalhoub Joseph , Davies Alun H. 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to elucidate the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after endovenous interventions for varicose veins in the presence of pharmacological and mechanical thromboprophylaxis versus mechanical thromboprophylaxis alone.

Background:
The VTE rate after endovenous procedures for varicose veins is higher than other day-case procedures and could be reduced with pharmacological thromboprophylaxis.

Methods:
The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines with a registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021274963). Studies of endovenous intervention for superficial venous incompetence reporting the predefined outcomes with at least 30 patients were eligible. Data were pooled with a fixed effects model.

Results:
There were 221 trials included in the review (47 randomized trial arms, 105 prospective cohort studies, and 69 retrospective studies). In randomized trial arms, the rate of deep venous thrombosis with additional pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was 0.52% (95% CI, 0.23%–1.19%) (9 studies, 1095 patients, 2 events) versus 2.26% (95% CI, 1.81%–2.82%) (38 studies, 6951 patients, 69 events) with mechanical thromboprophylaxis alone. The rate of pulmonary embolism in randomized trial arms with additional pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was 0.45% (95% CI, 0.09–2.35) (5 studies, 460 participants, 1 event) versus 0.23% (95% CI, 0.1%–0.52%) (28 studies, 4834 participants, 3 events) for mechanical measures alone. The rate of EHIT grade III to IV was 0.35% (95% CI, 0.09–1.40) versus 0.88% (95% CI, 0.28%–2.70%). There was 1 VTE-related mortality and 1 instance of major bleeding, with low rates of minor bleeding.

Conclusions:
There is a significant reduction in the rate of DVT with additional pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and routine prescription of anticoagulation after endovenous varicose vein intervention should be considered. VTE risk for individual study participants is heterogeneous and risk stratification in future randomized interventional studies is critical to establish the clinical effectiveness and safety of additional pharmacological thromboprophylaxis.
Liver Transplant Outcomes in Patients With Postcapillary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kleb Cerise , Aggarwal Manik , Tonelli Adriano R. , White Mattie , Lyu Ruishen , Quintini Cristiano , Hashimoto Koji , Miller Charles , Cywinski Jacek , Eghtesad Bijan , Fares Maan , Menon K. V. Narayanan 
Published: October 2022

Background.
Postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be seen in cirrhosis. Research and treatment goals exist for patients with portopulmonary hypertension but not for postcapillary PH. The aim of this study was to investigate outcomes after liver transplant (LT) for patients with postcapillary PH.

Methods.
This was a retrospective cohort study of 1173 patients who underwent LT at our center between 2010 and 2020. Using a propensity score matched analysis followed by multivariable Cox modeling on matched patients, we compared post-LT survival between patients with and without postcapillary PH. We also compared several post-LT outcomes between patient with different types of PH.

Results.
Sixty-eight patients had PH, and 50 had postcapillary PH. The median age was 59 y and the sample was 54% male. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients with postcapillary PH and patients without PH (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-3.31; P = 0.10). There was no significant difference in survival between patients with any type of PH and those without PH. There was no significance difference in post-LT survival, acute kidney injury, or pulmonary edema between patients with different types of PH. Patients with postcapillary PH who survived had a higher cardiac output than those who died (11 L/min in patients who lived, as compared with 8 L/min in patients who died; P = 0.03).

Conclusions.
Postcapillary PH does not appear to convey a negative impact on post-LT survival. A higher cardiac output may be protective against mortality in patients with postcapillary PH.
Enhanced STAT5a activation rewires exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic stimulation to acquire a hybrid durable effector like state
Authors: Beltra Jean-Christophe , Abdel-Hakeem Mohamed S. , Manne Sasikanth , Zhang Zhen , Huang Hua , Kurachi Makoto , Su Leon , Picton Lora , Muroyama Yuki , Casella Valentina , Huang Yinghui J. , Giles Josephine R. , Mathew Divij , Belman Jonathan , Klapholz Max , Decaluwe Hélène , Huang Alexander C. , Berger Shelley L. , Garcia K. Christopher , Wherry E. John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRewiring exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX) towards more functional states is a major goal of cancer immunotherapy but has proven challenging due to the epigenetic stability of TEX. Indeed, TEX are epigenetically programmed by the transcription factor Tox. However, epigenetic changes continue to occur as TEX transition from progenitor (TEXprog), to intermediate (TEXint) and terminal (TEXterm) subsets, suggesting potential developmental flexibility in mature TEX subsets. By examining the transition of TEXprog into TEXint cells, we discovered a reciprocally antagonistic circuit between Stat5a and Tox in TEX cells. Stat5-activity controlled TEXint development, antagonized Tox, and instigated partial effector biology. Stat5 was also essential for TEX reinvigoration by PD-1 blockade. Indeed, temporal induction of Stat5-activity in TEX using an orthogonal IL-2/IL2Rβ-pair fostered TEXint cell accumulation and synergized with PD-L1 blockade. Constitutive Stat5a activity (STAT5CA) antagonized Tox-dependent TEX epigenetic programming to generate a durable hybrid effector/NK-like population with enhanced tumor control. Finally, enforcing Stat5-signals in established TEXprog partially rewired the TEX epigenetic landscape towards the effector/memory lineage. Together, these data highlight therapeutic opportunities of manipulating Stat5 to rewire TEX towards a durably protective hybrid program.
Aerosolizable plasmid DNA dry powders engineered by thin-film freezing
Authors: Xu Haiyue , Moon Chaeho , Sahakijpijarn Sawittree , Dao Huy M. , Alzhrani Riyad F. , Wang Jie-liang , Williams Robert O. , Cui Zhengrong 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to test the feasibility of using thin-film freezing (TFF) to prepare aerosolizable dry powders of plasmid DNA (pDNA) for pulmonary delivery. Dry powders of pDNA formulated with mannitol/leucine (70/30, w/w) at various of drug loadings, solid contents, and solvents were prepared using TFF, their aerosol properties (i.e., mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and fine particle fraction (FPF)) determined, and selected powders were used for further characterization. Of the nine dry powders prepared, their MMAD values were about 1-2 mm, with FPF values (delivered) of 40-80%. The aerosol properties of the powders were inversely correlated with the pDNA loading and the solid content in the pDNA solution before thin-film freezing. Powders prepared with Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer or cosolvents (i.e., 1,4 dioxane or t-butanol in water), instead of water, showed slightly reduced aerosol properties. Ultimately, powders prepared with pDNA loading at 5% (w/w), 0.25% of solid content, with or without TE were selected for further characterization due to their overall good aerosol performance. The pDNA powders exhibited a porous matrix, crystalline structure, with a moisture content of <2% (w/w). Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the chemical integrity of the pDNA after it was subjected to TFF and after the TFF powder was actuated. A cell transfection study confirmed the activity of the pDNA after it was subjected to TFF. In conclusion, it is feasible to use TFF to produce aerosolizable pDNA dry powder for pulmonary delivery, while preserving the integrity and activity of the pDNA.
Quantifying noise modulation from coupling of stochastic expression to cellular growth: An analytical approach
Authors: Zabaikina Iryna , Zhang Zhanhao , Nieto César , Bokes Pavol , Singh Abhyudai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe overexpression of many proteins can often have a detrimental impact on cellular growth. This expression-growth coupling leads to positive feedback - any increase of intracellular protein concentration reduces the growth rate of cell size expansion that in turn enhances the concentration via reduced dilution. We investigate how such feedback amplifies intrinsic stochasticity in gene expression to drive a skewed distribution of the protein concentration. Our results provide an exact solution to this distribution by analytically solving the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, and we use it to quantify the enhancement of noise/skewness as a function of expression-growth coupling. This analysis has important implications for the expression of stress factors, where high levels provide protection from stress, but come at the cost of reduced cellular proliferation. Finally, we connect these analytical results to the case of an actively degraded gene product, where the degradation machinery is working close to saturation.
EXPOSURE TO GLYPHOSATE OR ROUNDUP™ DURING ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOGENESIS DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS METABOLISM AND SWIMMING BEHAVIOURS
Authors: Lacroix Rachel , Ibhazehiebo Kingsley , Kaushik Gaurav , Kurrasch Deborah Marie 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTGlyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), the most recognized of which is Roundup™, are the most extensively used herbicides worldwide. GBHs were initially considered safe for animals since the primary target of the active ingredient, glyphosate, is only found in plants. Recent studies show that glyphosate can affect a range of animal physiologies; however, it remains poorly characterized as to whether animal GBH effects are mediated by glyphosate itself or are in response to toxic effects of the adjuvants and surfactants found in GBH formulations. Here we expose embryonic zebrafish to environmentally relevant doses of glyphosate or Roundup™ and compare effects on two systems in the larvae: cellular bioenergetics, since glyphosate can affect mitochondrial function, and behaviour, as a systems-level readout of lasting developmental changes. We showed that exposure of embryonic zebrafish to low levels of glyphosate resulted in decreased mitochondrially-mediated basal respiration and hypoactive swimming behavior in larval stage, whereas exposure to Roundup™ in this same treatment paradigm had the opposite effect, causing increased cellular respiration and increased locomotion. In addition, we also explored generational effects of F1 embryonic glyphosate or Roundup™ exposure in the F2, and showed that offspring born to zebrafish exposed to low-level glyphosate or Roundup™ during embryogenesis both exhibited reduced mitochondrially-mediated basal respiration and altered locomotion. Combined, these data show that embryonic exposure to glyphosate or the full formulation of GBHs caused differential effects on mitochondrial function and behaviours in vertebrates, with potential lasting effects on future generations.
Figure 1.Graphical abstract.Zebrafish (F1 generation) were exposed to glyphosate or Roundup™ from zero to 48 hours, with behaviour and mitochondrial bioenergetics assessed at larval timepoints (2- and 5-dpf). Offspring of glyphosate and Roundup™ exposed fish (F2 generation) behaviour and mitochondrial bioenergetics were assessed to the same paradigm as F1 fish at 5-dpf. Changes to core metabolic parameters and locomotion was observed in both F1 and F2 generations.