bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum in a patient with ureteric calculus and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Raabe Gitte Grunnet , Schelde-Olesen Benedicte , Bjørsum-Meyer Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 46-year-old male referred to the Emergency Department with pain in the left flank. The patient suffered from Crohn’s disease. He had not experienced any fever, and a urine strip showed signs of blood. A ureteric calculus was suspected and a computed tomography scan was performed, which surprisingly showed free intraperitoneal air (FIA) located along the ascending colon. The patient had no signs indicative of peritonitis and the spontaneous pneumoperitoneum was suspected. Pneumoperitoneum is often associated with severe intraabdominal pathology, such as perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, requiring acute surgical intervention. In ~10% of all cases of FIA, the cause is related to conditions not requiring prompt surgical intervention. Doctors need to recognize the rare condition of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum and correlate these findings to patient complaints to be able to choose the correct conservative strategy and to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures and risks for the patient.
Ringworm and Irradiation
Authors: Shvarts Shifra , Sadetzki Siegal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The practice of using x-rays for the medical treatment of benign diseases began in the 1920s and peaked in the 1940s and 1950s. Radiation therapy was considered good medical practice during the first decades of the 20th century and was very effective at controlling and eliminating ringworm (tinea capitis), an epidemic that was spread mainly among children. Results were often immediate. In the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, the Middle East, and North Africa, hundreds of thousands of children were treated with radiation therapy for ringworm of the scalp. X-ray treatment gradually came to an end in the 1960s when other effective oral treatments were developed (e.g., griseofulvin for ringworm). In parallel, studies started to suggest that radiation exposure, especially in childhood, might increase the risk for developing blood malignancies, benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland, and leukemia. This volume discusses the use of irradiation for the treatment of ringworm in different countries in the first half of the 20th century; the latent risk for the development of tumors, malignancies, thyroid cancer, brain tumors, and other health effects among the exposed population; media coverage; and the initiatives of the National Cancer Institute to launch a nationwide campaign warning the medical community and public about the late health effects of ionizing radiation
The ringworm campaign in Serbia (former Yugoslavia) in the 1950s
Authors: Shvarts Shifra , Sevo Goran , Tasic Marija , Shani Mordechai , Sadetzki-Jackobson Siegal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 1950, a full-scale eradication campaign for ringworm (tinea capitis, mycosis) employing ionizing radiation was launched in former Yugoslavia (Serbia today), with UNICEF’s assistance. The number of individuals treated (49,389) was among the highest ever reported in a public health campaign in Europe and North America. Treatment was compulsory, and children were treated in the absence of their parents, with full compliance to the medical authorities, as was common practice under President Tito’s Communist regime. Despite the large numbers of children who were irradiated for ringworm in Yugoslavia, the mass treatment was entirely forgotten. Discovery of documentation of ringworm irradiation in Serbia in 2006 made it possible to publicize the fact, to identify and to locate children who had been treated for ringworm in Serbia who today are aged 65 to 75, and to inform the medical community caring for this population.
Graph-based discovery and analysis of atomic-scale one-dimensional materials
Authors: Li Shunning , Chen Zhefeng , Wang Zhi , Weng Mouyi , Li Jianyuan , Zhang Mingzheng , Lu Jing , Xu Kang , Pan Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed an exponential growth in the discovery of low-dimensional materials (LDMs), benefiting from our unprecedented capabilities in characterizing their structure and chemistry with the aid of advanced computational techniques. Recently, the success of two-dimensional compounds has encouraged extensive research into one-dimensional (1D) atomic chains. Here, we present a methodology for topological classification of structural blocks in bulk crystals based on graph theory, leading to the identification of exfoliable 1D atomic chains and their categorization into a variety of chemical families. A subtle interplay is revealed between the prototypical 1D structural motifs and their chemical space. Leveraging the structure graphs, we elucidate the self-passivation mechanism of 1D compounds imparted by lone electron pairs, and reveal the dependence of the electronic band gap on the cationic percolation network formed by connections between structure units. This graph-theory-based formalism could serve as a source of stimuli for the future design of LDMs.
An Efficient Coalescent Epoch Model for Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference
Authors: Bouckaert Remco R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a two-headed approach called Bayesian Integrated Coalescent Epoch PlotS (BICEPS) for efficient inference of coalescent epoch models. Firstly, we integrate out population size parameters, and secondly, we introduce a set of more powerful Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposals for flexing and stretching trees. Even though population sizes are integrated out and not explicitly sampled through MCMC, we are still able to generate samples from the population size posteriors. This allows demographic reconstruction through time and estimating the timing and magnitude of population bottlenecks and full population histories. Altogether, BICEPS can be considered a more muscular version of the popular Bayesian skyline model. We demonstrate its power and correctness by a well-calibrated simulation study. Furthermore, we demonstrate with an application to SARS-CoV-2 genomic data that some analyses that have trouble converging with the traditional Bayesian skyline prior and standard MCMC proposals can do well with the BICEPS approach. BICEPS is available as open-source package for BEAST 2 under GPL license and has a user-friendly graphical user interface.[Bayesian phylogenetics; BEAST 2; BICEPS; coalescent model.]
Intramedullary Nailing for Lower Limb Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in Children: A Long-term Follow-up Study
Authors: Ippolito Ernesto , Farsetti Pasquale , Caterini Roberto , Micciulli Enrico , Gorgolini Giulio , Ruzzini Laura 
Published: February 2022

Background:
In children, intramedullary nailing (IN) has been proposed as the best treatment when the femur and tibia are totally affected by fibrous dysplasia (FD). However, in younger children IN must be repeated to maintain stabilization of the affected skeletal segment during growth. We report the long-term results in a cohort of patients in whom more than two-thirds of cases had IN repeated during growth.

Methods:
Twenty-nine femurs and 14 tibias totally affected by FD were treated by IN in 21 patients with polyostotic FD and McCune-Albright syndrome. Thirteen patients with 35 femoral and tibial deformities had a painful limp whereas 8 presented fractures. The patients had their first IN at a mean age of 9.26±2.68 years (range: 4 to 14 y). IN was repeated during growth in the younger patients, and all the patients underwent a mean of 2.13 femoral and 1.50 tibial IN per limb. The last IN was performed at a mean age of 16.42±1.95 years (range: 11 to 19 y). Titanium elastic nails and adult humeral nails were used in younger children, whereas adult femoral cervicodiaphyseal and interlocking tibial nails were used in older children and adolescents. At the latest follow-up, the patients were evaluated with a clinicoradiographic scale. All the data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
The mean length of follow-up from the last IN was 6.47±3.10 years (range: 3 to 14 y), and the mean age of the patients at follow-up was 22.85±3.53 years (range: 14 to 29 y) when lower limbs were fully grown in all but 1 patient. Satisfactory long-term results were obtained in about 81% of our patients, while complications occurred in 32.5% of the 43 cases.

Conclusion:
Lower limb IN—that was repeated in younger children during growth—provided satisfactory long-term results in most of our patients, with fracture and deformity prevention and pain control, regardless of the high rate of complications that mainly affected the femoral cases. Missing scheduled follow-ups was the main predictor of a poor result.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Prolonged Brace Treatment Does Not Result in Improved Acetabular Indices in Infantile Dislocated Hips
Authors: Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Bomar James D. , Fitzgerald Ryan E. , Schupper Alexander J. , Kelley Simon P. ,   International Hip Dysplasia Registry
Published: February 2022

Background:
The Pavlik harness (PH) is commonly used to treat infantile dislocated hips. However, significant variability exists in the duration of brace treatment after successful reduction of the dislocated hip. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of prescribed time in brace on acetabular index (AI) at two years of age using a prospective, international, multicenter database.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied prospectively enrolled infants with at least 1 dislocated hip that were initially treated with a PH and had a recorded AI at 2-year follow-up. Subjects were treated at 1 of 2 institutions. Institution 1 used the PH until they observed normal radiographic acetabular development. Institution 2 followed a structured shorter brace treatment protocol. Hip dislocation was defined as <30% femoral head coverage at rest on the pretreatment ultrasound or International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) grade III or IV on the pretreatment radiograph.

Results:
Fifty-three hips met our inclusion criteria. Hips from Institution 1 were treated with a brace ×3 longer than hips from institution 2 (adjusted mean 8.9±1.3 vs. 2.6±0.2 mo) (P<0.001). Institution 1 had an 88% success rate and institution 2 had an 85% success rate at achieving hip reduction (P=0.735). At 2-year follow-up, we observed no significant difference in AI between Institution 1 (adjusted mean 25.6±0.9 degrees) compared with Institution 2 (adjusted mean 23.5±0.8 degrees) (P=0.1). However, 19% of patients from Institution 1 and 44% of patients from Institution 2 were at or below the 50th percentile of previously published age-matched and sex-matched AI normal data (P=0.049). Also, 27% (7/26) of hips from Institution 1 had significant acetabular dysplasia (more than 2 SD from the mean), compared with a 22% (6/27) from Institution 2 (P=0.691). We found no correlation between age at initiation of bracing and AI at 2-year follow-up (P=0.071).

Conclusions:
The PH brace can successfully treat dislocated infant hips, however, prolonged brace treatment was not found to result in improved acetabular development at 2-year follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium transplantation in age-related macular degeneration: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Kashani Amir H. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in the world with more than 80% of the prevalence accounted for by the nonneovascular (NNAMD) or ‘dry’ form of the disease. NNAMD does not have any definitive treatment once vision loss has ensued and presents a major unmet medical need. This review will highlight stem cell-based therapies that are a promising form of treatment for advanced NNAMD.

Recent findings
In the past decade, clinical trials utilizing both induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE and human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE have been aggressively pursued as potential treatments of RPE loss and prevention of overlying neurosensory atrophy. While promising preliminary results demonstrating safety and potential efficacy have been published, new challenges have also been identified. These include selecting the most appropriate cell-based therapy, identifying and managing potential immune response as well as characterizing anatomic and functional efficacy. In this review, we will discuss some of these challenges in light of the available data from several early phase clinical trials and discuss the strategies that are being considered to further advance the field.

Summary
Cell-based therapies demonstrate promising potential to treat advanced stages of NNAMD. Several early phase clinical trials using both induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cell derived (hESC) have demonstrated safety and preliminary signs of efficacy and highlighted remaining challenges which appear surmountable. These challenges include development of selection criteria for use of cell suspensions versus RPE sheets, especially in light of immunological properties of RPE that are intrinsic to the status of RPE differentiation in each of these cell formulations.
Soft Palate Mucosal Adhesion with Muscle Release: An Option in “Wide” Cleft Palates in a Cohort in Southern Africa
Authors: Adams Saleigh , Lentin Roslyn , Hendricks Rushdi , Hudson Donald , Breugem Corstiaan C. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Comparison of speech outcomes in 2 similar groups of “wide” cleft palate. One received a Furlow double-opposing Z- plasty (FZP) versus a group (non-FZP) that received only a muscle release at the second stage after both received a soft palate mucosal adhesion (SPA) at the first stage.

Methods:
Retrospective review. Thirty-three patients (non-FZP) versus 29 patients (FZP) between 2010 and 2016. Both groups had SPA at approximately 6 months of age. After 12 months, an FZP with hard palate closure was performed in the FZP group. in the non-FZP group, only the muscle was released from the posterior palatal shelves with hard palate closure. Speech and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPi) were determined clinically and by videofluoroscopy.

Results:
The FZP group (15 M: 14 F) with Veau (III = 14; IV = 5; II = 10) had a mean palate length (MPL) of 20.5 mm and mean palate width (MPW) of 11.2 mm at 8.3 months. MPW decreased to 7 mm after 20.7 months. 21% (n = 6) had fistulae. 14% (n = 4) (all males) had VPI. Their MPL was 16.3 mm. The mean follow-up was 5.5 years. In the non-FZP group, (18 M: 15 F) with Veau (III = 22; IV = 7; II = 4), the MPL was 20.5 mm and MPW was 11 mm at 8.4 months. MPW decreased to 6.5 mm after 12.5 months (P = 0.006). The fistula rate was 18% (n = 6). 24% (n = 8) predominantly male (87%) had VPI (P = 0.432). Their MPL was 17 mm; the mean follow-up was 4.7 years.

Conclusions:
SPA as a first stage performed in “wide” cleft palate narrows the subsequent hard palate repair and with a muscle release, may be adequate in some patients.
The impact of digital interventions on help-seeking behaviour for mental health problems: a systematic literature review
Authors: Evans-Lacko Sara , Hahn Jane Sungmin , Peter Lina-Jolien , Schomerus Georg 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Interventions that facilitate help-seeking could help individuals to get care earlier on which could also help avert some mental health crises. Delivering interventions via a digital format could mitigate some key barriers to mental healthcare. We reviewed the literature for digital interventions which facilitate formal or informal help-seeking for mental health problems. We examined the impact of identified interventions on actual and intended help-seeking and attitudes towards help-seeking.

Recent findings
We identified 35 interventions. About half (51%) of studies showed an improvement in at least one help-seeking outcome with the greatest number showing an improvement in help-seeking intentions and the fewest studies showing an improvement in actual behaviour (29%). Findings suggest that interventions that promote active participation and personal involvement through sharing one's own narrative seem to be promising practices to facilitate help-seeking.

Summary
Our findings suggest digital interventions can improve help-seeking for mental health problems among a range of populations. Given speciality mental health resources are scarce, further research needs to consider how these interventions could best target the most vulnerable groups to link them with mental healthcare and how these interventions might facilitate earlier intervention in a way that might reduce need for crisis care and support.
The association between work situation and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: prospective cohort study in Norway
Authors: Øen Carlsen Ellen , Caspersen Ida Henriette , Ask Helga , Brandlistuen Ragnhild Eek , Trogstad Lill , Magnus Per 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo analyse the population effects on life quality of being laid off from work, having to work from home, or having been diagnosed with COVID-19.DesignNationwide population-based cohort study.SettingNorway.ParticipantsWe followed more than 80,000 participants in an ongoing cohort study, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analysed current life satisfaction in April and again in September/October 2020 for subjects whose work situation and infection status had changed.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported satisfaction with life, using a scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best).ResultsTemporary and permanent layoffs, working from a home-based office, and getting a COVID-19 diagnosis were associated with modestly, but significantly lower concurrent life satisfaction, both on a population level and for subjects who changed status. The associations with change in work situation were stronger for men. For men with permanent job loss, the adjusted odds ratio for low life satisfaction (<6) was 3.2 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.2) in April and 4.9 (95% CI 3.5 to 6.9) in autumn. A suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with an adjusted odds ratio for low life satisfaction of 1.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.3) in spring. The strength of associations between work situation and life satisfaction did not vary much across socio-economic strata, but layoffs were more common among those with low education.ConclusionLayoffs, home office and infection status had clear impact on the quality of life as measured with a global life satisfaction scale. These findings suggest that social differentials in quality of life, are increasing during the pandemic.FundingThis work was funded by the Norwegian Research Council’s Centres of Excellence Funding Scheme (no. 262700) and by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH).SUMMARY BOXESWhat is already known on this topic−Being laid off from work or having to work from a home-based office is usually associated with reduced life quality.−The population effect has not been estimated during the present surge in cases of COVID-19 in Europe.What this study adds−This population-based study shows that life satisfaction in Norway has been stable from the first to the second wave of the pandemic, but that both layoffs and working from home is associated with reduced life satisfaction, especially among men.−The reduced life satisfaction in people working from a home-based office implies that large proportions of the population are affected.
Protective immune trajectories in early viral containment of non-pneumonic
SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Pekayvaz Kami , Leunig Alexander , Kaiser Rainer , Brambs Sophia , Joppich Markus , Janjic Aleksandar , Popp Oliver , Polewka Vivien , Wange Lucas E. , Gold Christoph , Kirchner Marieluise , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Hellmuth Johannes C , Scherer Clemens , Eser Tabea , Deák Flora , Kuhl Niklas , Linder Andreas , Saar Kathrin , Tomas Lukas , Schulz Christian , Enard Wolfgang , Kroidl Inge , Geldmacher Christof , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Keppler Oliver T. , Zimmer Ralf , Mertins Philipp , Hubner Norbert , Hölscher Michael , Massberg Steffen , Stark Konstantin , Nicolai Leo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The immune system of most SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals limits viral
spread to the upper airways without pulmonary involvement. This prevents the
development of pneumonic COVID-19. However, the protective immunological
responses causative of successful viral containment in the upper airways remain
unclear. Here, we combine longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomic
profiling, multidimensional flow cytometry, RNA-Seq of FACS-sorted leukocyte
subsets and multiplex plasma interferon profiling to uncover temporally resolved
protective immune signatures in non-pneumonic and ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 infected
patients.
We compare host responses in a high-risk patient population infected with
SARS-CoV-2 but without pulmonary involvement to patients with COVID-19
pneumonia. Our data reveal a distinct immunological signature of successful
viral containment, characterized by an early prominent interferon stimulated
gene (ISG) upregulation across immune cell subsets. In addition, reduced
cytotoxic potential of Natural Killer (NK) and T cells, as well as a monocyte
phenotype with immune-modulatory potential are hallmarks of protective immunity.
Temporal resolution across disease trajectories highlights ISG upregulation as
particularly prominent early in the disease and confirms increased expression
also in comparison to healthy controls.
We validate this distinct temporal ISG signature by in-depth RNA-seq of
FACS-sorted leukocyte subsets in a large prospective ambulatory SARS-CoV-2
infected cohort confirming early and robust ISG upregulation particularly in
monocytes and T cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a protective ISG
phenotype in patients with successful containment of SARS-CoV-2 infection
without progression to COVID-19. This early protective interferon response might
be exploited as a therapeutic approach and for disease course
prediction.
Reduced neutralisation of SARS-COV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 variant by post-immunisation serum
Authors: Dejnirattisai Wanwisa , Shaw Robert H , Supasa Piyada , Liu Chang , Stuart Arabella SV , Pollard Andrew J , Liu Xinxue , Lambe Teresa , Crook Derrick , Stuart Dave I , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S , Snape Matthew D , Screaton Gavin R ,   the Com-COV2 study group
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this report, we present live neutralisation titres against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, compared with neutralisation against Victoria, Beta and Delta variants. Sera from day-28 post second-dose were obtained from participants in the Com-COV2 study who had received a two-dose COVID-19 vaccination schedule with either AstraZeneca (AZD1222) or Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccines. There was a substantial fall in neutralisation titres in recipients of both AZD1222 and BNT16b2 primary courses, with evidence of some recipients failing to neutralise at all. This will likely lead to increased breakthrough infections in previously infected or double vaccinated individuals, which could drive a further wave of infection, although there is currently no evidence of increased potential to cause severe disease, hospitalization or death.