bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4He dose- and track-averaged linear energy transfer: Monte Carlo algorithms and experimental verification
Authors: Fattori S , Petringa G , Agosteo S , Bortot D , Conte V , Cuttone G , Di Fini A , Farokhi F , Mazzucconi D , Pandola L , Petrović I , Ristić-Fira A , Rosenfeld A , Weber U , Cirrone G A P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. In the present hadrontherapy scenario, there is a growing interest in exploring the capabilities of different ion species other than protons and carbons. The possibility of using different ions paves the way for new radiotherapy approaches, such as the multi-ions treatment, where radiation could vary according to target volume, shape, depth and histologic characteristics of the tumor. For these reasons, in this paper, the study and understanding of biological-relevant quantities was extended for the case of 4He ion. Approach. Geant4 Monte Carlo based algorithms for dose- and track-averaged LET (Linear Energy Transfer) calculations, were validated for 4He ions and for the case of a mixed field characterised by the presence of secondary ions from both target and projectile fragmentation. The simulated dose and track averaged LETs were compared with the corresponding dose and frequency mean values of the lineal energy,

y

D

¯

and

y

¯

F

, derived from experimental microdosimetric spectra. Two microdosimetric experimental campaigns were carried out at the Italian eye proton therapy facility of the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN-LNS, Catania, I) using two different microdosimeters: the MicroPlus probe and the nano-TEPC (Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter). Main results. A good agreement of

L

¯

d

Total

and

L

¯

t

Total

with

y

¯

D

and

y

¯

T

experimentally measured with both microdosimetric detectors MicroPlus and nano-TEPC in two configurations: full energy and modulated 4He ion beam, was found. Significance. The results of this study certify the use of a very effective tool for the precise calculation of LET, given by a Monte Carlo approach which has the advantage of allowing detailed simulation and tracking of nuclear interactions, even in complex clinical scenarios.
Quenching of O2(b1Σg

+
) by O(3P) atoms. Effect of gas temperature
Authors: Booth J P , Chatterjee A , Guaitella O , Lopaev D , Zyryanov S , Volynets A , Rakhimova T , Voloshin D , Chukalovsky A , Mankelevich Yu. , Guerra V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a detailed study of the density and kinetics of O2(b1Σg
+) in steady-state and partially-modulated DC positive column discharges in pure O2 for gas pressures of 0.3–10 Torr and 10–40 mA current. The time-resolved density of O2(b1Σg
+) was determined by absolutely-calibrated optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the A-band emission at 762 nm. Additionally, the O2(b1Σg
+) density was determined by VUV absorption spectroscopy using the Fourier-transform spectrometer at the DESIRS beamline at Synchrotron Soleil, allowing the absolute calibration of OES to be confirmed. The O(3P) atoms were detected by time-resolved sub-Doppler cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) using the O(3P2) → O(1D2) transition at 630 nm. The CRDS measurements were synchronized to the discharge modulation allowing the O(3P) dynamics to be observed. As a function of gas pressure the O2(b1Σg
+) density passes through a maximum at about 2 Torr. Below this maximum, the O2(b1Σg
+) density increases with discharge current, whereas above this maximum it decreases with current. The gas temperature increases with pressure and current, from 300 to 800 K. These observations can only be explained by the existence of fast quenching process of O2(b1Σg
+) by O(3P), with a rate that increases strongly with gas temperature, i.e. with a significant energy barrier. The data are interpreted using a 1D self-consistent model of the O2 discharge. The best fit of this model to all experimental data (including the O2(b1Σg
+) average density as a function of pressure and current, the radial profiles, and the temporal response to current modulation) is achieved using a rate constant of k
Q = 10−10 exp(−3700/T) cm3 s−1.
Transport and performance study of double-walled black phosphorus nanotube transistors
Authors: Alam Khairul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Monolayer- and a few layers-black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging two-dimensional material for the post-silicon era. We study the transport mechanism and performance metrics of double-walled BP n-channel and p-channel gate-all-around nanotube (NT) transistors using a

k

⋅

p

Hamiltonian and a non-equilibrium Green’s function quantum simulation. We effectively use the anisotropic effective masses along the zigzag and armchair directions of BP for high performance NT field-effect transistors. The heavy mass along the zigzag direction is used for quantization to increase the carrier density, while the lighter mass along the armchair direction is used for transport to maximize the carrier injection velocity. The on-state current is governed by the thermionic transport mechanism over the top of the potential barrier, while the off-state current is predominantly governed by intra-band tunneling current. Although the lighter mass in transport direction initiates intra-band tunneling current, the device can be successfully turned on and off with a high on/off current ratio of

1.4
×

10
5

. The n-channel transistor has an on-state current of 724 µA µm−1, a subthreshold slope of 63 mV dec−1, a transconductance of 7.97 mS µm−1, a switching delay time of 3.92 ps, a cut-off frequency of 0.201 THz, and a dynamic power loss of 0.64 fJ µm−1, respectively. The corresponding performance metrics for the p-channel are 726 µA µm−1, 64 mV dec−1, 8.20 mS µm−1, 3.96 ps, 0.205 THz, and 0.65 fJ µm−1. Both the transistors are potential candidates for the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2026 low operating power devices.
Analyzing the influence of the core pre-structure on the dynamic response of a magnetorheological elastomer sandwich structure
Authors: Sulatchaneenopdon Narongdet , Shen Zhiming , Son Hyoung-Won , Khantachawana Anak , Garcia-Barruetabena Jon , Elejabarrieta Maria Jesus , Takahashi Tsutomu , Nakayama Tadachika , Niihara Koichi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recently, vibration control has been useful in various engineering fields such as aerospace, adaptive dynamic vibration absorbers, and infrastructure. Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is an interesting material for controlling and suppressing undesirable vibrations through the application of a magnetic field. The present study aims at analyzing the pre-structure of the magnetorheological viscoelastic core in the dynamic response of an MRE-sandwich structure. The forced vibration tests were performed under a non-homogenous magnetic field to evaluate the dynamic properties of the MRE-sandwich structure in a frequency bandwidth range of 0–250 Hz. Experimental results show that the proposed MRE-sandwich structures are capable of eliminating unwanted resonances due to induced magnetic field intensity in the activated region, especially at the fundamental mode. Moreover, results highlight that an oriented pre-structure in an MRE-sandwich has an attenuation effect on vibrations in the low frequency range. Additionally, the external magnetic field increased the structural vibrations damping capability by approximately 200%. In addition, the oriented pre-structures of the MRE core were also used to dissipate vibration. Consequently, they could potentially be used in vibration attenuation applications such as stop operations in dynamic structures.
4D printed self-helix structure based on internal stress reversibility
Authors: Feng Yixiong , Yan Weiyu , Qiu Hao , Hong Zhaoxi , Zeng Siyuan , Xu Junjun , Cui Kaiyue , Tan Jianrong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Organisms with self-helix structures are widely found in nature. Four-dimensional (4D) printing have been realized by designing structures and programming deformation of smart materials. This paper presents an innovative method of controlled self-helix structures by designing and fabricating of a bilayer structure with smart material polylactic acid. The process of applying internal stress in 4D printing was analyzed. The repeatability of helical deformation of bilayer structure was investigated. The effect of printing angle on helical deformation behavior was simulated by finite element method. And the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which also verifies the reliability of the established finite element model. Then, the stress distribution in the process of screw deformation was simulated by using the finite element model. An intelligent soft gripper was used as a case study to illustrate this methodology. This method is a guide for the design and manufacture of intelligent structures and can be applied to the design of complex biological structures.
Effects of annealing on SnS films produced by chemical bath deposition (CBD)
Authors: Ildan Ozmen S , Temiz S H , Gubur H Metin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were produced on glass substrates at 65 °C by chemical bath deposition (CBD). Two of the obtained five identical films were annealed in an air atmosphere while the other two were annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. The effects of annealing (at 150 °C and 250 °C in air and nitrogen atmospheres) on the optical, structural, and electrical properties of the films were investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Hall-effect measurement. The energy band gap of as-deposited SnS thin film was determined to be 1.16 eV, and it was observed to change with annealing. All of the as-deposited and annealed SnS films had orthorhombic structures. The optical phonon modes to orthorhombic SnS phases were determined by Raman shifts. The carrier type of all SnS films was identified as p-type using Hall measurement, and the changing carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity values of the films were investigated depending on annealing conditions. The p-type SnS film can be used as an alternative material for the absorber layer in p-n heterojunction solar cell applications.
A new approach to overcome the inconsistency between SPECT and the anatomical map in maximum A-posterior expectation-maximization reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Entezarmahdi Seyed Mohammad , Shahamiri Negar , Faghihi Reza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Noise reduction while preserving spatial resolution is one of the most important challenges in the reconstructing of emission tomography images. One of the resolving methods is the Bowsher maximum a-posteriori expectation-maximization reconstruction (MAPEM) algorithm. This method considers a binary selection of the neighbors of each voxel based on the prior anatomical values to use in the regularization function. This method is particularly susceptible to imposing the wrong data into the reconstructed image due to the spatial or functional inconsistencies between the anatomical image and the actual activity distribution. Because of the poor spatial resolution of single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) images and the different nature of emission and anatomical imaging, there is not enough certainty of inconsistency with anatomical images. Therefore, we proposed a new weighted Bowsher method that can overcome this weakness while the image quality indexes, especially the spatial resolution, are almost preserved. In the proposed method, each of the neighbors of a specific voxel takes a constant weight depending on the order of its value and independent of its intensity quantity. The proposed method was evaluated using some different physical phantoms and a patient scan. The results show that the proposed method has superiority in the presence of inconsistency; moreover, the proposed method gives nearly similar results to the regular Bowsher MAPEM in case of consistency. In conclusion, we show that using a suitable constant weighting factor in Bowsher MAPEM, one can operatively reduce the image noise while preserving the image quality parameters where the emission tomography images are either consistent or inconsistent with the prior anatomical map.
Phylogenetic evidence of the re-evolution of planktotrophy in Australian periwinkles
Authors: Cummins Deanne , Duong Ha , Kennington W Jason , Johnson Michael S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The mode of development of marine invertebrates has major effects on dispersal and population structure. Species without a feeding larval stage (direct developers) are generally more genetically subdivided than species with planktotrophic (swimming and feeding) development. Evidence of the re-evolution of planktotrophy from a direct-developing ancestor has been accumulating within marine invertebrates. However, it remains unclear whether such evolutionary transitions are rare or common. The Bembicium genus (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) provides an additional opportunity to examine the re-evolution of planktotrophy. The genus includes two species with planktotrophic development (Bembicium auratum and Bembicium nanum) and three species with direct development (Bembicium vittatum, Bembicium melanostoma and Bembicium flavescens). Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S rRNA) and one nuclear marker (ANT) provide evidence for a switch from direct development back to planktotrophy. Also, pairwise genetic distances between haplotypes reveal that the two planktotrophic species have greater genetic diversity (at the species level) than the direct developers, and the three direct-developing species are genetically structured based on geographical distance. Our study adds to growing evidence for the re-evolution of planktotrophy and suggests that the genetic basis for a switch between modes of development might be simple in marine snails.
Sertoli cell PUMILIO proteins modulate mouse testis size through translational control of cell cycle regulators
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Xiao Tianheng , Cao Dandan , Xia Wenjuan , Gao Liuze , Cheng Liping , Zang Min , Li Xin , Xu Eugene Yujun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTestis size determination is an important question of reproductive biology. Sertoli cells are known to be a key determinant of mammalian testis size but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Previously we showed that highly conserved germ cell RNA-binding proteins, PUMILIO1(PUM1) and PUMILIO2 (PUM2), control mouse organ and body size through translational regulation, but how different cell types of the organs contribute to their organ size regulation has not been established. Here, we report a somatic role of PUM in gonad size determination. PUM1 is highly expressed in the Sertoli cells of the developing testis from embryonic and postnatal mice as well as in germ cells. Removal of Sertoli cell, but not germ cell, Pum1 gene, led to reduced testis size without significantly affecting sperm number or fertility. Knockout of PUM1 target, Cdkn1b, rescued the phenotype of reduced testis size, supporting a key role of Sertoli cell PUM1 mediated Cdkn1b repression in the testis size control. Furthermore, removal of Pum2 or both Pum1 and Pum2 in the Sertoli cells also only affected the testis size, not sperm development, with the biggest size reduction in Pum1/2 double knockout mice. We propose that PUM1 and PUM2 modulate the testis size through their synergistic translational regulation of cell cycle regulators in the Sertoli cell. Further investigation of the ovary or other organs could reveal if PUM-mediated translational control of cell proliferation of the supporting cell represents a general mechanism for organ size modulation.
Prionoids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gosset Philippe , Camu William , Raoul Cedric , Mezghrani Alexandre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the third most frequent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. ALS is characterized by the selective and progressive loss of motoneurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex. Clinical manifestations typically occur in midlife and start with focal muscle weakness, followed by the rapid and progressive wasting of muscles and subsequent paralysis. As with other neurodegenerative diseases, the condition typically begins at an initial point and then spreads along neuroanatomical tracts. This feature of disease progression suggests the spreading of prion-like proteins called prionoids in the affected tissues, which is similar to the spread of prion observed in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Intensive research over the last decade has proposed the ALS-causing gene products Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa, and fused in sarcoma as very plausible prionoids contributing to the spread of the pathology. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the propagation of these prionoids in ALS.
Parental Distress in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Associations With Time From Diagnosis, Disease Activity, and Demographic Factors
Authors: Cesa Kevin T , Cunningham Catherine A , Noll Robert B , Kim Sandra C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
There are limited studies examining caregiver distress when raising a child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of symptoms of distress (anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among parents with children with IBD and associations with disease severity, time from diagnosis, and demographic factors.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with parents of children (2–17 years) diagnosed with IBD. There were 2 cohorts: (1) recently diagnosed cohort (&lt;6 months from diagnosis); (2) established diagnosis cohort (&gt;1 year from diagnosis). Parents completed measures of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, while children completed surveys on the symptoms of their IBD.

Results
Fifty-two parents in the recently diagnosed cohort and 103 parents in the established diagnosis cohort completed surveys. For the entire cohort of parents, we found the mean scores on all measures of distress were within the normal ranges with 20%, 13%, and 8% of parents reporting moderate-to-severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, respectively. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were not significantly associated with time from diagnosis; symptoms of anxiety and PTSD were significantly associated with patients’ IBD clinical activity.

Conclusions
Parents with children with IBD are remarkably resilient to distress even soon after their child’s diagnosis. Despite considerable resilience, routine brief caregiver screening for symptoms of anxiety during annual visits seems reasonable and feasible.
An analysis of cigarette sales during Poland’s menthol cigarette sales ban: small effects with large policy implications
Authors: Liber Alex C , Stoklosa Michal , Levy David T , Sánchez-Romero Luz María , Cadham Christopher J , Pesko Michael F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
In May 2020, the European Union Tobacco Products Directive mandated that EU member states, including Poland, ban the sale of menthol cigarettes. With menthol making up 28% of cigarette sales before the ban, Poland is the country with likely the largest menthol cigarette sales share in the world to ban their sale. We analyze how this ban changed the Polish tobacco market.

Methods
We use monthly NielsenIQ data (May 2018–April 2021) on sales of cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco by menthol and standard flavor in eight regions of Poland. We set up a bite-style regression model controlling for pre-ban menthol share, climate, border opening status, and Apple movement data to estimate the effect of the May 2020 menthol ban.

Results
We find menthol cigarette sales fell at least 97% after the menthol cigarette ban across Poland and standard cigarette sales replaced them. Regression modeling indicates that total cigarette sales fell, after the ban, an average of 2.2 sticks per capita per month, equal to a 2.9% decline, however, results were not significant (P = 0.199). The bite component of our model reveals total cigarette sales did decline significantly in the regions with the highest pre-ban menthol sales shares. Roll-your-own tobacco sales increased by a statistically insignificant 0.03 stick-equivalents after the ban (P = 0.798). Product prices also fell in the wake of the menthol ban.

Conclusions
In Poland, the EU state with the one of the largest pre-ban menthol shares, we find mixed evidence that the ban is working as intended.
Population Genomics of Variegated Toad-Headed Lizard Phrynocephalus versicolor and Its Adaptation to the Colorful Sand of the Gobi Desert
Authors: Jin Yuanting , Aguilar-Gómez Diana , Y C Brandt Débora , Square Tyler A , Li Jiasheng , Liu Zhengxia , Wang Tao , Sudmant Peter H , Miller Craig T , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The variegated toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalus versicolor, lives in the arid landscape of the Chinese Gobi Desert. We analyzed populations from three different locations which vary in substrate color and altitude: Heishankou (HSK), Guazhou County (GZ), and Ejin Banner (EJN). The substrate color is either light-yellow (GZ-y), yellow (EJN-y), or black (HSK-b); the corresponding lizard population colors largely match their substrate in the degree of melanism. We assembled the P. versicolor genome and sequenced over 90 individuals from the three different populations. Genetic divergence between populations corresponds to their geographic distribution. We inferred the genetic relationships among these populations and used selection scans and differential expression to identify genes that show signatures of selection. Slc2a11 and akap12, among other genes, are highly differentiated and may be responsible for pigment adaptation to substrate color in P. versicolor.
Genetic Drift and Host-Adaptive Features Likely Underlie the Cladogenesis of Insect-Associated Lachnospiraceae
Authors: Vera-Ponce de Leon Arturo , Schneider Mathias G , Jahnes Benjamin C , Sadowski Victoria , Camuy-Vélez Lennel A , Duan Jun , Sabree Zakee L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Phylogenetic and functional group analyses of the genomes of anaerobic bacteria isolated from Periplaneta americana digestive tracts suggest that they represent novel Lachnospiraceae genera. PAL113 and PAL227 isolate genomes encoded short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic pathways and plant fiber and chitin catabolism and other carbohydrate utilization genes common in related Lachnospiraceae species, yet the presence of operons containing flagellar assembly pathways was among several distinguishing features. In general, PAL113 and PAL227 isolates encode an array of gene products that will enable them to thrive in the insect gut environment and potentially play a role in host diet processing. We hypothesize that the cladogenesis of these isolates can be a result of their oxygen sensitivity and reliance upon the host for dispersal and genetic drift and not necessarily a result of an ongoing mutualism.