bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of the association betweenHelicobacter pyloriinfection and risk of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Li Junwei , Yu Hongwei , Wang Yuexia , Wang Bin , Zhang Rongguang , Chen Shuaiyin , Duan Guangcai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has been confirmed through some research, the results of these relevant studies still remain controversial. We conducted an updated meta-analysis based on published studies to address this issue.MethodsA systematic search was conducted, reviewing all studies about the association between H. pylori infection and HE, through November 2021. The outcome measures were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn total, 13 studies provided data from 2784 subjects. H. pylori infection increased the risk of HE by 32% (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.78–3.04). The effect became greater after hepatic encephalopathy was divided into overt HE and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) (HE OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.01–3.51, MHE OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.10–2.76). After H. pylori eradication, the risk of HE was reduced by 64%.ConclusionsH. pylori infection is significantly associated with HE, and the infection rate of H. pylori also increases with the severity of HE. Eradication of H. pylori has a protective effect on HE. Therefore, it is necessary to eradicate H. pylori in HE treatments.
Competition for Attention in the ETF Space
Authors: Ben-David Itzhak , Franzoni Francesco , Kim Byungwook , Moussawi Rabih 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interplay between investors’ demand and providers’ incentives has shaped the evolution of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). While early ETFs invested in broad-based indexes and therefore offered diversification at low cost, more recent products track niche portfolios and charge high fees. Strikingly, over their first 5 years, specialized ETFs lose about 30$\%$ (risk-adjusted). This underperformance cannot be explained by high fees or hedging demand. Rather, it is driven by the overvaluation of the underlying stocks at the time of the launch. Our results are consistent with providers catering to investors’ extrapolative beliefs by issuing specialized ETFs that track attention-grabbing themes.
Vulvar Aphthous Ulcers in an Adolescent After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination
Authors: Scott Stephen M. , Alaniz Veronica , Appiah Leslie , Buyers Eliza , Holton Carri , Huguelet Patricia 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Nonsexually acquired genital ulcers have been described among girls who are prepubertal after various viral illnesses due to mucosal inflammation from an immunologic response. Until recently, nonsexually acquired genital ulcers have only been associated with viral infections.

CASE:
We present a case of an adolescent girl developing nonsexually acquired genital ulcers after both her first and second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses. Her course followed an expected timeline for severity and resolution of ulcers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Aphthous ulcers may arise from inflammatory effects of COVID-19 vaccination. Clinical monitoring after COVID-19 vaccination from all formulations should include assessment for nonsexually acquired genital ulcers if vaginal pain is reported.
Ketamine Compared With Fentanyl for Surgical Abortion
Authors: Chin Jennifer , McGrath Madeline , Lokken Erica , Upegui Carlos Delgado , Prager Sarah , Micks Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To compare patient satisfaction with anesthesia after first-trimester surgical abortion among patients receiving intravenous (IV) ketamine compared with IV fentanyl for procedural sedation.

METHODS:
This was a randomized noninferiority trial comparing IV ketamine to IV fentanyl for first-trimester surgical abortion up to 13 6/7 weeks of gestation. Patients were randomized to receive either ketamine 200–500 micrograms/kg IV over 2 minutes, repeated every 5 minutes until appropriate analgesia was achieved, or fentanyl 0.5–1 micrograms/kg IV over 2 minutes, repeated every 5 minutes until appropriate analgesia was achieved. All patients received midazolam 2 mg IV. The primary outcome, patient satisfaction, was measured using the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale immediately postprocedure. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain, additional pain medication necessary during the procedure and on discharge, physician satisfaction, and time to discharge. We calculated a sample size of 84 with a noninferiority margin of 0.6 on the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale with 80% power, one-sided type 1 error of 0.025, and further increased this number to 110 to account for potential dropout.

RESULTS:
From April to October 2021, 184 patients were screened and 110 were randomized (57 to ketamine and 53 to fentanyl). Demographics were similar between groups. The primary outcome, patient satisfaction with anesthesia, was noninferior in the ketamine group (mean score 2.4, SD 0.8) as compared with the fentanyl group (mean score 2.2, SD 0.9) with a risk difference of 0.20 (95% CI 0.11–0.52). More hallucinations were reported in the ketamine group. Otherwise, secondary outcomes were similar between the groups.

CONCLUSION:
Compared with IV fentanyl, IV ketamine is noninferior for patient satisfaction with anesthesia when used for procedural sedation for first-trimester outpatient surgical abortion.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04871425.
The Effect of Pulse Shape and Interphase Gaps on Speech Perception and Perceived Sound Quality in Electrical Hearing
Authors: Liepins Rudolfs , Kaider Alexandra , Auinger Alice Barbara , Dahm Valerie , Honeder Clemens , Riss Dominik , Arnoldner Christoph 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Stimulation with triphasic pulses has been shown to reduce the occurrence of unwanted facial nerve stimulation (FNS) with cochlear implants (CIs). However, there is little data available on how different pulse shapes affect the hearing outcome with electrical hearing in general. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different stimulation pulse shapes on speech perception in noise, as well as loudness perception and subjective sound quality.

Methods:
Twenty experienced cochlear-implant users not suffering from FNS participated in a prospective single-visit study. Based on the subjects’ current clinical fitting, six fitting maps with different pulse shapes (biphasic and triphasic) and different interphase gap (IPG) durations (2.1 µs, 10 µs, and 20 µs) were created. First, the loudness was balanced for each configuration by adjusting the stimulation charge amount. Then, speech perception in noise was measured with a German matrix sentence test (Oldenburg Sentence test). The perception of particular sound attributes of speech and music, as well as overall preference, was evaluated with visual analog scales.

Results:
Similar levels of speech perception were obtained with triphasic stimulation (P = 0.891) and longer IPGs (P = 0.361) compared to the subjects’ clinical map settings. The stimulation amplitudes for equal loudness were significantly higher with triphasic stimulation compared to biphasic stimulation when keeping the IPG constant. Increasing the IPG had a significantly larger effect on perceived loudness (P < 0.0001) and charge reduction for equal loudness with triphasic pulses compared to biphasic pulses. Triphasic configuration showed lower overall subjective sound quality ratings than biphasic for speech intelligibility, clarity, naturalness, and overall preference, as well as for music naturalness, and overall preference in the acute setting without adaptation time. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons against the clinical map revealed significantly lower speech naturalness ratings for triphasic with 2.1 µs IPG and for triphasic with 20 µs IPG only.

Conclusion:
Although some sound quality attributes were rated lower compared to the clinical map in the acute test setting, stimulation with triphasic pulses does not affect speech perception in noise and can be considered as a valuable option in CI fitting.
A multicenter retrospective analysis of risk factors for poor outcomes after tibial pilon fractures
Authors: Ashworth Timothy J. , Alvarez Paul M. , Laux Jeffrey P. , Ganga Sarat , Ostrum Robert F. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Despite the high rate of complications associated with tibial pilon fractures, treatment often remains fairly algorithmic. This study highlights risk factors for poor outcomes to guide individualized treatment in an effort to minimize complications.

Methods:
One hundred and fifty-seven surgically treated pilon fractures in 151 patients over 6 yr were included. The following factors were studied: age, gender, presence of diabetes, smoking status, presence of an open fracture, Association for Osteosynthesis-Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) fracture classification, number of plates and incisions, time to external fixator placement, time to definitive treatment, and incisions used. The two primary outcomes were nonunion and infection/wound complications requiring re-operation. Univariate tests were used for each variable in isolation. Multiple regression models were used to control important covariates. Interactions between the number of incisions, patient history of smoking, the number of plates utilized, and patient history of diabetes were analyzed.

Results:
Male gender, open fracture, history of diabetes and increasing time to fixation were associated with infection/wound complications. Open fractures were strongly associated with the development of nonunion. The interaction model for diabetes and increasing number of plates showed that each additional plate used when treating patients with a history of diabetes was associated with 6.08 times higher odds of developing an infection, a marginally significant result (P=0.065).

Conclusions:
Increased caution may be warranted when treating tibial pilon fractures in patients with certain risk factors. In patients with a history of diabetes, the additional dissection needed to place more implants may contribute to higher rates of infection.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III.
Microglia Depletion Selectively Eliminates a Singular Form of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation
Authors: Chavez Jasmine , Le Aliza A. , Quintanilla Julian , Tagne Alex Mabou , Piomelli Daniele , Lynch Gary , Gall Christine M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere has been considerable recent interest in the possibility that microglia contribute to synaptic plasticity and some forms of learning. We report here that elimination of the cells in young adult male mice with a 7-12 day treatment with an antagonist (PLX5622) of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor causes a profound but highly selective impairment to long-term potentiation (LTP) expressed by lateral perforant path (LPP) synapses with the dentate gyrus. Input/output functions and frequency facilitation to repetitive stimulation were not measurably affected. Direct infusion of PLX5622 into slices from naiive mice did not reduce the magnitude of LPP-LTP. Microglial depletion had no detectable effect on LTP in either the medial perforant path input to the dentate gyrus or the Schaffer-commissural projections between fields CA3 and CA1. We conclude that microglia discretely regulate the unusual form of LTP expressed by the LPP and thus exert region-specific effects on circuit function within hippocampus.
Choice of spatial discretisation influences the progression of viral infection within multicellular tissues
Authors: Williams Thomas , McCaw James , Osborne James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere has been an increasing recognition of the utility of models of the spatial dynamics of viral spread within tissues. Multicellular models, where cells are represented as discrete regions of space coupled to a virus density surface, are a popular approach to capture these dynamics. Conventionally, such models are simulated by discretising the viral surface and depending on the rate of viral diffusion and other considerations, a finer or coarser discretisation may be used. The impact that this choice may have on the behaviour of the system has not been studied. Here we demonstrate that, if rates of viral diffusion are small, then the choice of spatial discretisation of the viral surface can have quantitative and even qualitative influence on model outputs. We investigate in detail the mechanisms driving these phenomena and discuss the constraints on the design and implementation of multicellular viral dynamics models for different parameter configurations.Author summaryHere we analyse the impact that the resolution of spatial discretisation has on the behaviour of spatial models of viral dynamics. We show that the extent of this influence depends on the size of the diffusion coefficient, and that, if the diffusion coefficient is sufficiently small - for example, small enough to describe tight plaque-forming dynamics - the choice of discretisation of the viral surface relative to the cell grid can appreciably change key predictions of the model. We show that the resolution of spatial discretisation modulates the timescale of infection, and identify the mechanisms by which this occurs. This work provides theory to inform the development of multicellular models of viral dynamics, which is in short supply in the literature.
Bacterial droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq reveals heterogeneity in bacterial populations and in response to antibiotic perturbation
Authors: Ma Peijun , Amemiya Haley M. , He Lorrie L. , Gandhi Shivam J. , Nicol Robert , Bhattacharyya Roby P. , Smillie Christopher S. , Hung Deborah T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe introduce BacDrop, a highly scalable technology for bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing that has overcome many challenges hindering the development of scRNA-seq in bacteria. BacDrop can be applied to thousands or millions of cells from both gram-negative and gram-positive species. It features universal ribosomal RNA depletion and combinatorial barcodes that enable multiplexing and massively parallel sequencing. We applied BacDrop to study Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates and to elucidate their heterogeneous responses to antibiotic stress. In an unperturbed population presumed to be homogenous, we find within- population heterogeneity largely driven by the expression of mobile genetic elements that promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Under antibiotic perturbation, BacDrop revealed transcriptionally distinct subpopulations associated with different phenotypic outcomes including antibiotic persistence. BacDrop thus can capture cellular states that cannot be detected by bulk RNA-seq, which will unlock new microbiological insights into bacterial responses to perturbations and larger bacterial communities such as the microbiome.
One Health Genomic Surveillance and Response to a University-Based Outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta AY.25 Lineage, Arizona, 2021
Authors: Yaglom Hayley D. , Maurer Matthew , Collins Brooke , Hojnacki Jacob , Monroy-Nieto Juan , Bowers Jolene R. , Packard Samuel , Erickson Daryn E. , Barrand Zachary A. , Simmons Kyle M. , Brock Breezy N. , Lim Efrem S. , Smith Sandra , Hepp Crystal M. , Engelthaler David M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLarge scale outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant have occurred in numerous settings, including universities. An outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta AY.25 lineage associated with a university campus with multiple transmission events was identified; genomic analyses characterized this outbreak and complemented contract tracing and wastewater surveillance strategies that strengthened overall public health response actions.Epidemiologic and clinical data routinely gathered through contact tracing and public health investigations were matched to genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples belonging to a suspect cluster identified through ongoing phylogenomic analyses. Continued phylogenetic analyses were conducted to describe the AY.25 outbreak. Wastewater collected twice weekly from sites across campus was tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR, and subsequently sequenced to identify variants.The AY.25 outbreak was defined by a single mutation (C18804T) and comprised 379 genomes from SARS-CoV-2 positive cases associated with the university and community. Several undergraduate student gatherings and congregate living settings on campus likely contributed to the rapid spread of COVID-19 across the university with secondary transmission into the community. The clade defining mutation was also found in wastewater samples collected from around student dormitories during “move-in”, a week before the semester began, and 9 days before cases were identified.Genomic, epidemiologic, and wastewater surveillance provided evidence that an AY.25 clone was likely imported into the university setting just prior to the onset of the Fall 2021 semester, rapidly spread through a subset of the student population, and then subsequent spillover occurred in the surrounding community. The university and local public health department worked closely together to facilitate timely reporting of cases, identification of close contacts, and other necessary response and mitigation strategies. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and potential threat of other infectious disease outbreaks on university campuses presents an opportunity for future comprehensive One Health genomic data driven, targeted interventions.
Structural insights into acetylated histone ligand recognition by the BDP1 bromodomain of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Singh Ajit Kumar , Phillips Margaret , Alkrimi Saleh , Tonelli Marco , Boyson Samuel P. , Malone Kiera L. , Nix Jay C. , Glass Karen C. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPlasmodium falciparum requires a two-host system, moving between Anopheles mosquito and humans, to complete its life cycle. To overcome such dynamic growth conditions its histones undergo various post-translational modifications to up-regulate and down-regulate certain genes required for invasion and replication. The P. falciparum genome encodes six bromodomaincontaining proteins, of which Bromodomain Protein 1 (PfBDP1) has been shown to interact with acetylated lysine modifications on histone H3 to regulate the expression of invasion-related genes. Here, we investigated the ability of the PfBDP1 bromodomain to interact with acetyllsyine modifications on additional core and variant histones. A crystal structure of the PfBDP1 bromodomain (PfBDP1-BRD) reveals it contains the conserved bromodomain fold, but our comparative analysis between the PfBDP1-BRD and the 8 human bromodomain families indicates it has a unique binding mechanism. Solution NMR spectroscopy and ITC binding assays carried out with acetylated histone ligands demonstrate that it preferentially recognizes tetra-acetylated histone H4, and we detected weaker interactions with multi-acetylated H2A.Z in addition to the previously reported interactions with acetylated histone H3. Our findings indicate PfBDP1 may play additional roles in the P. falciparum life cycle, and the distinctive features of its bromodomain binding pocket could be leveraged for the development of new therapeutic agents to help overcome the continuously evolving resistance of P. falciparum against currently available drugs.
Strategy for selective acquisition of transgenic marmosets using the piggyBac transposon system
Authors: Takahashi Tsukasa , Maeda Takuji , Goto Motohito , Yamamoto Masafumi , Kumita Wakako , Ito Ryoji , Eto Tomoo , Inoue Takashi , Okano Hideyuki , Sasaki Erika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransgenic (Tg) nonhuman primates (NHPs) are excellent potential models due to their physiological similarities with humans. In NHPs, the lentiviral vector is the only available transgenesis method, but transgene sizes are limited. The piggyBac (PB) transposon system is a DNA element sandwiched between two terminal inverted repeats (TRs) that allows transposases to introduce larger genes than lentiviral vectors. However, embryos with integrated transgenes are difficult to distinguish using this system. To address this issue, we placed the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) gene inside the TRs and the humanized kusabira orange 1 (hKO1) fluorescent protein gene with the proteolysis-promoting sequence d2PEST outside the TRs to create an indicator for gene integration using fluorescent protein expression. In HEK293T cells, hKO1 and EGFP co-expression after transfection gradually changed to decay of hKO1 expression and enhancement of EGFP expression by transposase within five days. In mouse and marmoset embryos, hKO1 expression was attenuated, while only EGFP expression was observed at the blastocyst stage. All offspring obtained through embryo transfer of EGFP-expressing embryos were Tg; thus, we established a new PB system capable of determining Tg embryos and successfully produced Tg marmosets, for the first time, in NHPs.
Direct Speech Reconstruction from Sensorimotor Brain Activity with Optimized Deep Learning Models
Authors: Berezutskaya Julia , Freudenburg Zachary V. , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Aarnoutse Erik J. , Ramsey Nick F. , van Gerven Marcel A.J. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTDevelopment of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is key for enabling communication in individuals who have lost the faculty of speech due to severe motor paralysis. A BCI control strategy that is gaining attention employs speech decoding from neural data. Recent studies have shown that a combination of direct neural recordings and advanced computational models can provide promising results. Understanding which decoding strategies deliver best and directly applicable results is crucial for advancing the field. In this paper, we optimized and validated a decoding approach based on speech reconstruction directly from high-density electrocorticography recordings from sensorimotor cortex during a speech production task. We show that 1) dedicated machine learning optimization of reconstruction models is key for achieving the best reconstruction performance; 2) individual word decoding in reconstructed speech achieves 92-100% accuracy (chance level is 8%); 3) direct reconstruction from sensorimotor brain activity produces intelligible speech. These results underline the need for model optimization in achieving best speech decoding results and highlight the potential that reconstruction-based speech decoding from sensorimotor cortex can offer for development of next-generation BCI technology for communication.