bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Treatment Combined with Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Liu Jie , Lu Hong , Wang Pei , Zhao Yuexin , Zuo Yaqin , Gu Xin , Yu Dahai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The incidence of malnutrition is high in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer during concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. This study aimed to explore the effects of nutritional treatment on the nutritional status and the incidence of toxic side effects of chemo-radiotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.Methods: Clinical data of patients that underwent concurrent chemo-radiotherapy at our institution between February 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 150 patients were included; 85 patients who underwent nutritional management were included in the intervention group and 65 without nutritional support in the control group. NRS-2002 and PG-SGA scores, serum nutritional parameters, toxic side effects, and treatment completion rate were analyzed before and during chemo-radiotherapy at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups before concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (P>0.05). After treatment, the NRS-2002 and PG-SGA scores were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The body weight, BMI, Hgb, and lymphocyte count decreased in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant in the intervention group (P>0.05). ALB and PALB were both increased in the intervention group, and the increase of PALB was statistically significant (P=0.001). ALB and PALB were decreased in the control group, and the decrease in ALB was statistically significant (P=0.000). Furthermore, a statistically significant decrease in grip strength was found in the control group compared to the intervention group (P=0.003). The incidence of complications were as follows: myelosuppression(35% vs. 46%, P=0.194), radiation esophagitis (33% vs. 53%, P=0.027), radiation pneumonitis (1.7% vs. 3.3%, P=0.298), hemorrhage or perforation (1.7% vs. 5%, P=0.309). In addition, only three patients in the intervention group did not complete their course of radiation treatment, while ten patients in the control group had interrupted or delayed radiotherapy (95% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.040).Conclusions: Nutritional treatment was beneficial for maintaining the nutritional status, reducing treatment toxicities, and improving the completion rates of chemo-radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.
miR-219a-5p Suppresses GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling to Influence BMSC Osteogenesis
Authors: Zhou Renbang , Zhu Xunbing , Zhang ZhongChuan , Guo KeWei , Dai ZhanQiu , Hu TengFei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: MicroRNAs play diverse roles in a range of biological processes, including osteoblastic differentiation. The tumor suppressor miR-219a-5p has been found to be functionally important in several tumor types, yet its expression and mechanistic relevance in the context of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation remain to be defined. Methods: Osteogenic induction medium was used to induce osteogenic differentiation in human BMSCs (hBMSCs), after which alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured and Alizarin red S staining was performed to gauge the efficiency of osteogenesis. Additionally, qPCR was used to assess miR-219a-5p, GSK-3β, and osteogenic gene expression, while levels of proteins associated with osteoblastic differentiation and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected via Western blotting in order to assess how miR-219a-5p inhibitors and mimics influenced the processes of osteogenic differentiation. Mir-219a-5p and GSK-3β binding sites were predicted via a bioinformatics approach, with dual-luciferase reporter assays being performed to validate such binding. Results: A time-dependent increase in miR-219a-5p expression was observed over the course of hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. Transfection with miR-219a-5p mimics enhanced the expression of markers of osteoblast cells (RUNX2, ALP), whereas miR-219a-5p inhibitors yielded the opposite effect. The ability of miR-219a-5p to directly bind the 3’-UTR of GSK-3β was confirmed via luciferase reporter assay, highlighting GSK-3β as a target of this miRNA involved in promoting osteogenesis such that miR-219a-5p is able to regulate osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs via the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, we found that overexpressing GSK-3β was sufficient to reverse the impact of miR-219a-5p on hBMSC osteogenesis. Conclusion: These data indicate that miR-219a-5p is capable of directly targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway gene GSK-3β, thereby regulating BMSC osteogenesis. As such, targeting this miRNA may represent a new approach to enhancing hBMSC osteogenesis.
Primary Healthcare Quality in Conflict and Fragility: A Subnational Analysis of Disparities Using Population Health Surveys
Authors: Ramadan Marwa , Tappis Hannah , Brieger William 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background : Recent global reports highlighted the importance of addressing the quality of care in all settings including fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS), as a central strategy for the attainment of sustainable development goals and universal health coverage. Increased mortality burden in FCS reflects the inability to provide routine services of good quality. There is also paucity of research documenting the impact of conflict on the quality of care within fragile states including disparities in service delivery. This study addresses this measurement gap by examining disparities in the quality of primary healthcare services in four conflict-affected fragile states using proxy indicators. Methods: A secondary analysis of publicly available data sources was performed in four conflict-affected fragile states: Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, and Nigeria. Two main databases were utilized: the demographic health survey and the Uppsala conflict data program for information on components of care and conflict events, respectively. Three equity measures were computed for each country: absolute difference, concentration index, and coefficients of mixed-effects logistic regression. Each computed measure was then compared according to the intensity of organized violence events at the neighborhood level.Results: Overall, the four studied countries had poor quality of PHC services, with considerable subnational variation in the quality index. Poor quality of PHC services was not only limited to neighborhoods where medium or high intensity conflict was recorded but was also likely to be observed in neighborhoods with no or low intensity conflict. Both economic and educational disparities were observed in individual quality components in both categories of conflict intensity. Conclusion: Each of the four conflict-affected countries had an overall poor quality of PHC services with both economic and educational disparities in the individual components of the quality index, regardless of conflict intensity. Multi-sectoral efforts are needed to improve the quality of care and disparities in these settings, without a limited focus on sub-national areas where medium or high intensity conflict is recorded.
Glutamine and norepinephrine in follicular fluid synergistically affect the antioxidant capacity of human granulosa cells and the outcome of IVF-ET
Authors: Wang Lulu , Zhou Chengliang , Sun Junyan , Zhang Qiuwan , Lai Dongmei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that changes in metabolic levels in follicular fluid are directly related to oocyte maturation, fertilization, the quality of embryo and pregnancy rates. However, whether the intra-follicular neurotransmitters affect the function of granulosa cells and the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is not clear.Methods: Human follicular fluid and cumulus granulosa cells (GCs) were harvested from large follicles obtained from 27 patients undergoing IVF. Neurotransmitters and steroid hormones in follicular fluid were measured through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Based on the content of Glutamine (Gln) in follicular fluid, the samples were divided into two groups: high Gln level group and low Gln level group. The expression of proliferation-, steroidogenesis- and antioxidant-related genes in GCs was detected by qRT-PCR. In vitro experiments, KGN cells were cultured with or without Gln and NE followed by western blotting to detect PCNA and IDH1 expression. EdU staining and ELISA were conducted to evaluate GCs proliferation and measure the contents of 17 b-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Prog) in the conditioned medium. Primary and secondary outcomes were the number of mature and retrieved oocytes, and the ratio of high quality embryos, respectively.Results: Gln and norepinephrine (NE) were abundant neurotransmitters in follicular fluid. The contents of Gln and NE in follicular fluid exhibited a significantly positive correlation. The contents of Gln and NE in follicular fluid affected the function of granulosa cells, including their proliferative potential, E2 production and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the concentrations of Gln and NE in follicular fluid showed significantly positive correlation with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) expression in GCs. Importantly, the increased Gln and NE in follicular fluid partially affected the quality of embryonic development by regulating IDH1 expression in GCs. In vitro studies further demonstrated that Gln and NE played synergistically function in improving GCs proliferation and increasing the E2 production by upregulating IDH1 expression.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that neurotransmitter metabolic levels in follicular fluid affect the function of cumulus GCs. As important neurotransmitter metabolites, Gln and NE play significant roles in promoting GCs proliferation and increasing E2 production in granulosa cells. In addition, intrafollicular Gln and NE could upregulate the expression of the antioxidative gene IDH1 in cumulus GCs, which could be a good predictor for selecting optimal quality oocytes and evaluating the quality of embryonic development.
Prevalence of several infectious diseases in the District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aims: Infectious disease is a health disorder and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans globally. The present study determined the prevalence of several highly infectious diseases in the District Dera Ismail Khan. Subject and Methods: The retrospective study include the indoor data from December 2019 through November 2021 (two years) were collected from the admin office of District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan. Results: Overall diarrhea/dysentery showed the highest (59.1%) while pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrated the lowest prevalence (1.8%) and May contributed the largest share (16%), while February lowest (3.9%). Diarrhea/dysentery has relative the highest prevalence for most of the months. Overall diarrhea/dysentery, enteric/typhoid, and pneumonia contribute to 91.4% share of the studied diseases. The overall prevalence of the diseases increased steadily from March through May. Diarrhea/dysentery and malaria resulted in the highest prevalence of 19.6% and 17.1%, respectively in May, while enteric/typhoid revealed the highest prevalence of 24.4% in August. Pneumonia (23.5%) in June, Pulmonary tuberculosis (26.2%) in November, Extra Pulmonary tuberculosis in March (65.4%). Conclusion: Monthly and seasonal variations occurred in the prevalence of the diseases which is associated with an increase in vector population and an increase in temperature.
Cloning and expression of class I chitinase gene from four mangrove species under heavy metal stress
Authors: Zhou Yue-Yue , Wang You-Shao , Sun Cui-Ci 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
AimsCu, Pb and Cd are common heavy metals in mangroves. Objective to clone chitinase I gene in mangrove plants and explore the role of chitinase I gene in plants under heavy metal stress. MethodsHomologous cloning and RACE cloning were used to clone chitinase type I gene in mangrove plants, and bioinformatics analysis software was used to analyze and predict gene structure and functional domain. The mRNA expression pattern of chitinase gene in mangrove plants under heavy metal stress was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. ResultsAll Four cDNA with a full length of 1092 bp, and an ORF (open reading frame) 831 bp, coding with 276 amino acids, while are differences in the sequences among the four species. Four genes owned signal peptide and were located at vacuole inside the cell. Protein sequence domain analysis indicates that all have the same typical structural characteristics of GH19 chitinase family. The sequence of CHI had high similarity to the protein sequences of Camellia fraternal chitinases. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of CHI under different concentration heavy metal with time of four mangrove species. The gene expression of CHI I was highly induced in the B.gymnorrhiza leaves than other mangrove species. With the increase of heavy metal stress time, the expression level of B.gymnorrhiza increased continuously.ConclusionChitinase was induced under heavy metal in mangrove plants, and chitinase plays an active part in heavy metal tolerance in mangrove plants which was located at vacuole inside the cell.
Perceived Barriers To Preventive Dental Care Among Practicing Dentists of Central India
Authors: Saxena Sudhanshu , Singh Mohit Pal , Shashikiran N. D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim: The present research aimed to assess barriers to provide preventive dental care among practicing dentists of Central India.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among practicing dentists of Madhya Pradesh state, India. A Web-based questionnaire was designed to collect demographic information and responses on a Likert scale for 12 barriers. The barriers were subcategorized as patient-, dentist- and practice-related barriers. Data collected were statistically analysed using Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The ignorance of patients for regular dental visits, considering preventive care as non-profitable, and the traditional curative nature of dentistry was considered as barriers by all the dentists. A significant difference was observed between dentists with different years of dental practice for patient’s unwilling to pay for preventive care, no respect in preventive care practice and scarcity of printed materials for dental health education. Low priority of preventive dentistry in the dental curriculum had 10.585 times higher odds among postgraduate than graduate dental professionals.Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that dentists in central India consider patients’ attitude, respect in preventive care, monetary benefits, existing curriculum and curative nature of dental practice as potential barriers to providing preventive care.
Introducing Decentralized Decision To Our Institutional platforms: Algorand and Choice coin
Authors: Ezekiel Ayuba , Ismaila Muhammad Mungadi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces decentralized decisions and governance with the use of Artificial Intelligence to our institutions with the aid of the Algorand blockchain using choice coin as a case study. Since the emergence of bitcoin which uses the proof-of-work consensus mechanism and the technology behind it known as blockchain in 2008, the thoughts of how secure transactions can be conducted has been greatly reshaped with this technology gathering interests from finance, governance, and down to academia. With eLearning becoming widely accepted all over the world, institutions are left with various choices of implementing secure transaction formats. A lot researches with respect to blockchain integration with eLearning platforms ongoing , this paper offers a solution by proposing the use of the algorand blockchain which uses the pure-proof-of-stake consensus mechanism to felicitate eLearning processes for transactions using for example choice coin in this case.
Genome-wide Association Analysis Reveals a Novel QTL CsFS1 for Fruit Skin Color in Cucumber
Authors: Geng Xiaolin , Huang Hongyu , Yang Qinqin , Zhang Lidong , Kong Weiliang , Wang Huizhe , Wei Aimin , Du Shengli , Yang Ruihuan , Li Jiawang , Lin Tao , Li Yuhe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Cucumber is an important melon crop in the world, with different skin colors. However, the candidate genes and the underlying genetic mechanism for such an important trait in cucumber are unknown. In this study, a locus controlling fruit skin color was found on chromosome 3 of cucumber genome.Results: In this study, the light green inbred line G35 and the dark green inbred line Q51 were used as parents to construct an F2 population. On chromosome 3, we identified a major QTL CsFS1 (Fruit skin 1). We further narrowed down the CsFS1 locus to a 94-kb interval containing 15 candidate genes. Among these genes, Csa3G912920, which encodes a GATA transcription factor, was expressed at a higher level in the pericarp of the NIL-1334 line (with light-green fruit skin) than in that of the NIL-1325 line (with dark-green fruit skin). This study provides a new allele for the improvement of cucumber fruit skin color.Conclusion: A major QTL that controls fruit skin color in cucumber, CsFS1, was identified in a 94-kb region that harbors the strong candidate gene CsGATA1.
Using Machine Learning Techniques in Multi -Hazards Assessment of Golestan National Park, Iran
Authors: Faramarzi Hassan , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Farnaghi Mahdi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Golestan National Park is one of the oldest biosphere reserves exposed to environmental hazards due to growing demand, geographical location of the park, mountainous conditions, and developments in the last five decades. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential environmental hazards using machine-learning techniques. In this study, maximum entropy, random forest, boosted regression tree, generalized additive model, and support vector machine methods were applied to model environmental hazards and evaluate the impact of affecting agents, their area of influence, and interactions. After data collection and preprocessing, the models were implemented, tuned, and trained, and their accuracies were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The results indicate the high importance of climatic and human variables, including rainfall, temperature, presence of shepherds, and villagers for fire hazards, elevation, transit roads, temperature, and rainfall for the formation of floodplains, and elevation, transit roads, rainfall, and topographic wetness index in the occurrence of landslides in the national park. The boosted regression tree model with a ROC value of 0.98 for flooding, 0.97 for fire, and 0.93 for landslide hazards, had the best performance. The modeling estimated that, on average, 16.2% of the area of Golestan National Park has a high potential for landslides, 14% has a high potential for fire, and 7.2% has a high potential for flooding.
Polypharmacy- Purpose, Benefits and Limitations
Authors: Grover Douglas , Tom Michelle , Maguire Gerald , Stahl Stephen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
With what has become increasingly common among nearly all medical specialties,
the number of patients who have various comorbid diseases both psychiatrically and
mentally challenges the field of psychiatry. As a result, it is not uncommon for physicians
to be imposed with treatment decisions regarding polypharmacy, the use of multiple
medications to treat different diseases, or even the same illness several times. In recent
years, the concept of polypharmacy has been known to have a negative undertone,
implying that its use is inappropriate or causes more harm than the potential benefit. Although
the use of any medication should involve risk versus benefit discussion, when
used with good clinical judgment and pharmacologically sound knowledge, this practice
can be potentially life-altering for patients.
Bibliometric Analysis of Highly Cited Articles on Organic Food Products
Authors: Painuly Poonam , Pachaury Prachi 
Published: January 2022

Aim:
The purpose of the present study is to map and address renowned authors, scientific
annual production, collaboration indices, impact factors, and keyword and count objects towards
organic food products.

Methods:
The current analysis examined 140 research articles published in Science Citation Index
(SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) databases from 2002 to 2021. Additionally,
the study conducted a bibliometric review on small but promising literature from the Web of Science
database and included only highly cited articles.

Results and Discussion:
This study investigated that India has secured a position in the world for
single country production and multiple country production. Besides this, the publication trend of
organic food products showed enormous growth in recent times. This study also identified that
“H” indexed authors such as Gracia D.E.A. Magistrist, and Albrecht SE. showed their interest in
organic food products and published many articles in this domain.

Conclusion:
For further research in relation to different aspects of organic food products, such as
proper knowledge and communication of organic food, it defines a preposition for future insight
into the topic. Similarly, it focuses upon the choice experiment of the consumers towards this
domain and also uncovers the preposition in relation to organic food products for future research.
The result also highlights the level of publication and scientific production of organic food products,
which has increased from 2002- 2021.