bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Fouling dan Slagging Terhadap Kinerja Boiler Subcritical pada PLTU Moramo
Authors: Inaswara Fadhilla , Sudia Budiman , Sisworo Raden Rinova 
Published: April 2022

Boilers that use low-quality coal result in an increase in the amount of coal burning and the high formation of accumulated ash deposits (fouling and salgging). It is necessary to conduct research the effect of fouling and slagging on boiler efficiency in steam power plant Moramo for the boiler performance improvement purpose. The objective of this research are identified fouling and slagging and how its affect boiler performance. By using the principle of mass and energy balance, heat transfer in the evaporator and superheater areas are used as the basis for identifying slagging and fouling. Boiler efficiency is calculated by a direct method. An increase in flue gas temperature which is affected by a degradation in the rate of heat transfer indicates the formation of slagging and fouling. Boiler efficiency is related to the slagging index and sodium content in the ash of coal, the result of higher slagging index and lower the sodium content will further increase boiler efficiency. The best average efficiency of boiler is 89.853% when coal from supplier Y used as fuel with slagging index value is 2370.2 and sodium content in ash is 0.48%..Keyword: Fouling, slagging, heat transfer, efficiency, boiler
Risk Factors for Hamstring Muscle Strain Injury in Athletes
Authors: Tahir Jawad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Injury to the hamstring muscle is a common non-contact injury among athletes. Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors are responsible for hamstring strain injury. Objective: The objective was to determine the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hamstring strain injury in the athletes. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 102 athletes using convenient sampling. Athletes age range between 18 to 25 years playing nationally at a provisional level among different universities of Lahore were included while those having pathological conditions like tendon rupture, chronic tendinopathy, fracture, tumor, and acute injury were excluded from this study. For qualitative data, bar charts and percentages were used. The quantitative data like age, dominant hand, gender and smoking were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Findings showed that almost 40.2% of athletes missed their training match out of which 73.5% experienced soreness or stiffness because 87% did not fully cool down after training or match. Almost 45.1% of athletes suffered from hamstring strain injuries and their symptoms aggravated during stretching while 28.4% during jogging, 21.6% during changing direction when running and 28.4% while accelerating. Modifiable risk factors were found as 33.3%, 31.4% and 51% due to reduced muscle strength, flexibility and lower back pain respectively. Conclusion: Inappropriate coaching, advancing age and history of the previous injury are identified as major risk factors causing hamstring strain injuries among athletes of universities. Lack of knowledge of fully warming up the hamstrings before training and cooling down after training may lead the athletes susceptible to strain injuries.
Correspondence: Jawad Tahir, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; Email: dr.jd2917@gmail.com
Citation: Tahir J. 2021. Risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury in athletes. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1(1):15-20.
Cultural and psychological interpretation of the concepts of "development" and "life world"
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich 
Published: April 2022

The article discusses situations, the theoretical understanding of which involves the introduction of the concept of "life world", as well as a new understanding of human development. To do this, the author implements a cultural and psychological approach and analyzes several cases within this approach. With the exception of the latter, they relate to the events of childhood and the formation of personality in adolescence. In the last case, an example of a spiritual revolution described by L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "Resurrection" is considered. In development, the author suggests distinguishing between the "formation" of the psyche and consciousness, "completion" and development proper as changes occurring within the framework of the life world. В He loads the latter not only with the characteristics that E. Husserl wrote about, but also culturological (the life world does not change in its structural characteristics for a long time, but then leaves, and another takes its place) and psychological. The author refers to psychological processes not only the influence of the life world, but also the process of constituting a new objectivity, including the crystallization of a problem situation, the unconscious reaction of the psyche and physicality to it, the conscious construction of schemes and other semiotic representations (symbols, metaphors, narratives), the emergence of a new reality, understanding and vision, finally, creating conditions for a new act.
Quality Evalution of Nigeria Base-masa from Broken Rice Enriched with African Yam Bean and Cricket Flour Blends
Authors: Kure O. A. , Ibrahim S. , Inikpi I. Z. 
Published: April 2022

This research work highlight the production and nutritional quality of Nigeria base -Masa from broken rice enriched with African yam bean and cricket blends was investigated. Blends of different proportions of broken rice, African yam bean and cricket were prepared at 100 %, 80/0/20 %, 80/20/0 % and 80/10/10 % respectively. The proximate, vitamins and minerals, antinutrients contents and sensory evaluation of the Masa products were determined. The data obtained showed that moisture, protein, fat, ash carbohydrates and energy contents ranged from 38.46-44.48 %, 5.60-15.32 %, 0.71-9.71 %, 0.51-3.17 %, 0.61-0.79 %, 26.71-54.13 % and 245.25-270.77 kcal/100g respectively. The range values for vitamins and minerals are β-carotene (0.34-12.33 µg/100g), vitamin C (0.52-10.61 mg/100g), potassium (24.93-37.87 mg/100g), calcium (142.03-284.11 mg/100g), phosphorus (64.89-127.71 mg/100g), and iron (22.06-50.67 mg/100g). The antinutrients ranged from 0.095-1.860 mg/100g for alkaloids, 0.535-2.600 mg/100g for tannins, 0.040-1.550 mg/100g for phytates and 0.015-0.285 mg/100g for oxalates. The colour, aroma, taste, texture and general acceptability of the sensory attributes results ranged from 6.13-7.73, 6.60-7.07, 6.27-7.33, 5.93-6.73 and 6.67-7.73 respectively, however masa produced from sample 250 (100:0:0 % broken rice:African yam bean: cricket ) and 252 (80:20:0 Broken rice: African yam bean:cricket) substitution were generally accepted more than other Masa samples.
Studies on the Effect of Preharvest Sprays of Gibberellic Acid and Benzyl Adenine on Postharvest Vase Life of Gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata L.) CV. Star World
Authors: Akshitha S. , Girwani A. , Prasanth P. , Joshi Veena 
Published: April 2022

The impact of gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyl adenine (BA) dose and application timing on vase life of gypsophila was examined. Freshly cut gypsophila flower stalks with pre harvest sprays of growth regulators G1- GA3 at 150 ppm, G2- GA3 at 300 ppm, G3- GA3 at 450 ppm, G4- BA at 150 ppm, G5- BA at 300 ppm, G6- BA at 450 ppm, distilled water spray - G7 and were applied twice at S1- 30 and S2-at 30 and 45 days after pruning are harvested from the experimental plot early in the morning when 30 to 40% of flowers in the stalk open and held in vases containing 3 % sucrose solution flower stalks are harvested from the experimental plot early in the morning when 30 to 40% of flowers in the stalk open and held in vases Water absorption, fresh weight change, water loss by transpiration, physiological weight loss, 50 % discolouration and vase life. Among all the treatments, the flowers sprayed with GA3 at 450 ppm and single spray recorded maximum water uptake (13.19 g), transpirational loss of water (6.19), fresh weight change (62.51 %), dry weight of flowers (2.09), 50 per cent discolouration (13.41 days), Vase life (14 days) and minimum physiological loss in weight (1.78 g).
Very Early-Onset Schizophrenia in a 7-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Akinjola O. , Agbir T. M. , Edeh A. N. , Omidiji O. O. 
Published: April 2022

Schizophrenia most commonly starts during early adulthood but it can emerge during childhood. Pediatric schizophrenia is used to describe schizophrenia occurring before 18 years of age. It can further be categorized into early onset type which occurs prior to 18 years and the very early onset type occurring prior to 13 years.
Miss AD, a 7-year-old female presented to our facility about 1 year ago with a 3-months history of illness. Initially, she stopped communicating with anyone; there was associated social withdrawal, sluggishness and decline in her academics. A few weeks later, she started talking and laughing to herself and 2 weeks prior to presentation, she started seeing strange things in clear consciousness and claiming her classmates were ganging up against her. Her teachers and parents were ignorant of the nature of her illness at the onset and as such, she was maltreated.
At presentation, a diagnosis of very early onset schizophrenia was made and she was commenced on treatment with oral Risperidone which was gradually increased over a period of 1 year of her ongoing treatment to 2mg total daily dosage. Additionally, oral chlorpromazine and Benzhexol were added; she is currently on 50mg nocte and 0.125mg daily respectively. During the course of her treatment, she showed significant improvement but no complete remission, residual symptoms such as starring on-end with occasional talking and laughing to herself persisted.
Recent Advances in Designing Electroconductive Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ghovvati Mahsa , Kharaziha Mahshid , Ardehali Reza , Annabi Nasim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImplantable cardiac patches and injectable hydrogels are among the most promising therapies for cardiac tissue regeneration following myocardial infarction. Incorporating electrical conductivity into these patches and hydrogels is found to be an efficient method to improve cardiac tissue function. Conductive nanomaterials such as carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, gold nanorod, as well as conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate are appealing because they possess the electroconductive properties of semiconductors with ease of processing and have potential to restore electrical signaling propagation through the infarct area. Numerous studies have utilized these materials for regeneration of biological tissues that possess electrical activities, such as cardiac tissue. In this review, recent studies on the use of electroconductive materials for cardiac tissue engineering and their fabrication methods are summarized. Moreover, recent advances in developing electroconductive materials for delivering therapeutic agents as one of emerging approaches for treating heart diseases and regenerating damaged cardiac tissues are highlighted.
How epistemic reflexivity enables teacher educators’ teachingfordiversity: Exploring a pedagogical framework for critical thinking
Authors: Lunn Brownlee Jo , Bourke Terri , Rowan Leonie , Ryan Mary , Churchward Peter , Walker Sue , L’Estrange Lyra , Berge Anita , Johansson Eva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent research points to the importance of teacher educators teachingfordiversity in initial teacher education programmes. Teachingfordiversity is an approach to teacher education in which an understanding of specialist literature and a focus on critical thinking supports a social justice agenda as opposed to merely using different tips and tricks to prepare future teachers for teaching diverse learners in the classroom. In this study, we explored how Australian and New Zealand teacher educators negotiated a social justice agenda in teacher education programmes, using a new transdisciplinary framework of epistemic reflexivity. TheEpistemic Reflexivity for Teacher Education(ER‐TED) framework draws on epistemic cognition (Clark Chinn’sAims,Ideals,Reliable epistemic processes – AIR – framework) and Margaret Archer’s reflexivity to explore knowledge claims in teacher educators’ pedagogical decision‐making. The findings identified how teacher educators in our study discerned and deliberated with respect to epistemic aims for justification, which involve transformative critical thinking and critical thinking for self. They reported good knowledge (ideals) as being scholarly in nature, and reliable epistemic processes based on higher‐order thinking (analysis and evaluating competing ideas) or engaging with multiple perspectives. The teacher educators in our study are clear examples of how strong overall evaluative epistemic stances enable teaching for social justice. We argue that the ER‐TED framework can help us as a profession to address teachingfordiversity in teacher education programmes based on the belief that the pursuit of social justice requires an evaluativist epistemic stance.
Does study abroad affect student academic achievement?
Authors: Nwosu Chiamaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe numbers of UK students choosing to study abroad for a period has increased steadily over the years, with many students citing academic, professional, linguistic and cultural reasons as their key motivations. However, while there is an abundance of literature on the advantage of study abroad (SA) for linguistic learning, there is less known about the academic impact of studying abroad. In addition, because SA is largely a process of self‐selection, this makes it difficult to derive unbiased estimates of its impact on academic achievement. Using data on students from a London‐based Russell Group university, and categorising SA students as those who participated in credit‐seeking SA programmes through Erasmus or bilateral/multilateral agreements with partner universities, this paper uses individual fixed effects to compare the post‐SA grades for students who sojourned with their expected grades had they not sojourned, as well as with their non‐SA counterparts. The results are quite robust across subgroups and indicate that grades in year 3 are less than expected for the SA group, given their pre‐sojourn grades. To tackle the problem of self‐selection, outcomes for SA students were compared to the group who applied but did not eventually study abroad, and to the outcomes for students who did not apply.
A critical exploration of inclusion policies of elite UK universities
Authors: Koutsouris George , Stentiford Lauren , Norwich Brahm 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInclusion is seen as an ethical obligation, grounded in notions of equity and social justice for all groups and at all stages of education, with higher education (HE) representing a distinctive space where the inclusion agenda is becoming more influential. However, inclusion is also increasingly recognised as an ambiguous concept that might have lost its critical edge and is in many cases reduced to ‘chatter’. To explore inclusion in this context, we analysed 48 policy documents from the websites of the 24 Russell Group Universities (the ‘elite’, research‐intensive, UK universities) using a critical discourse analysis approach. We found that inclusion was rarely defined clearly, and that tensions, complexity and pedagogical implications of inclusion were not discussed. Inclusion was also related to excellence and ideas about a ‘global university’ that are central to a university’s reputation and ability to attract international students and staff. We see three ways in which these findings are significant: the way inclusion was approached in the policy documents could largely be described as managerial/legalistic, seen as the responsibility of human resources; inclusion was perceived as an act of legal compliance that was also expected to influence everyday relationships – but without an explanation of how this could happen; and inclusion was discussed together with broader debates within HE, e.g. meritocracy, but without a critical reflection on what this means. We, thus, argue that universities should resist treating inclusion as a quality and performance index and recognise that inclusion is linked to the very purposes of HE.
Characterization and traceability of two generations of standard reference material for the measurement of vitamin K1(phylloquinone) at endogenous concentrations in human plasma and serum
Authors: Card David , Freke Ella , Harrington Dominic 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVitamin K is an essential micronutrient required for blood coagulation, regulation of vascular calcification and bone mineralization. Plasma and serum measurements of vitamin K1(phylloquinone, K1) made using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, or tandem mass spectrometry are used clinically and in population studies to assess vitamin K status. Standard reference materials provide a validation tool for laboratories, helping assure clinical diagnosis and the comparability of data from different populations. We manufactured two K1 standard reference materials, in 2009 (KEQAS SRM‐001) and in 2019 (KEQAS SRM‐002). The target concentrations of K1 were assigned to each SRM using the All Laboratory Trimmed Mean of results reported by selected laboratories enrolled in the Vitamin K External Quality Assurance Scheme (KEQAS). The assigned concentrations of K1 for KEQAS SRM‐001 and SRM‐002 were 0.25 and 0.36 μg/L respectively. In 2019 KEQAS SRM‐001 was re‐analysed simultaneously with KEQAS SRM‐002 to provide traceability between the two standards, therefore aiding comparability of analysis performed using these materials. Both standards were stored as aliquots at −80°C in the dark; annual re‐analysis of the materials indicated that K1 is stable for at least 12 years in these conditions.
Anatomy and ultrasound imaging of the tibial collateral ligament: A narrative review
Authors: Ricci Vincenzo , Mezian Kamal , Cocco Giulio , Donati Danilo , Naňka Ondřej , Farì Giacomo , Özçakar Levent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMedial knee pain is commonplace in clinical practice and ultrasound assessment of the tibial collateral ligament‐medial meniscus complex is increasingly becoming a valuable examination tool in the outpatient setting. In the pertinent literature, basic sonographic protocols have been proposed to evaluate the medial compartment of the knee joint. Using high‐frequency ultrasound probes and high‐level ultrasound machines; we matched the histo‐anatomical features of the tibial collateral ligament‐medial meniscus complex and its different sonographic patterns in physiological/pathological conditions to define a standardized (layer‐by‐layer) sonographic approach. Moreover, high‐sensitive power Doppler assessments have also been performed to evaluate the nearby microcirculation. Modern ultrasound equipment appears to provide optimal “sonographic dissection” of the tibial collateral ligament‐medial meniscus complex for its various physiological/pathological patterns. Likewise, high‐sensitive power Doppler allows clear visualization of the microcirculation as regards the local ligamentous and capsular structures. In clinical practice, using adequate technological equipment, a detailed sonographic assessment of the tibial collateral ligament‐medial meniscus complex can be performed. High‐frequency B‐mode ultrasound imaging and high‐sensitive power Doppler perfusion patterns can be matched/integrated with the clinical findings to optimize the management of patients with medial knee pain.
Anatomy in dentistry: From the beginnings to contemporary reality
Authors: Bernardi Sara , Angelone Anna Maria , Macchiarelli Guido 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe history of dentistry and medicine has a deep and ancient bond with the history of anatomy. From the ancient times to the present, the study of the human body represents the basis for research and clinical therapy. The historical contribution of anatomists to the development of dental medicine also helped in its characterization as an integrated but special and independent branch of medicine. From Galen's studies on animals to the discoveries of dental hard tissues characteristics using a microscope, this paper provides a brief literature review of how anatomy broadly contributed to the development of the dental sciences and how it still allows us to direct critical and fundamental anatomical‐clinical paths for modern patient care. The history of the anatomy of teeth, description of skull bones, maxillary sinus characterization, the salivary glands, the tongue and labial musculature, and the microscopic anatomy of dental hard tissues will be examined. Historical research on the understanding of and progress in the oral field is of utmost importance in current clinical practice, thus inducing a future orientation in research. Most of the research especially that connected to the more distant historical periods has seen as main characters great personalities of morphological sciences, which contributes constituted fundamental basis for dental clinical aspects. Through a punctual and continuous historical assay, the ancient insights are reconnected to more recent knowledge and distinct research, thus permitting a detailed reconstruction of the historical‐anatomical course in the progress of knowledge regarding the oral cavity and related anatomical structures.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Enantioselective Migratory Functionalization Reactions of Alkenes through Chain‐Walking
Authors: Zhang Min , Ji Yuqi , Zhang Chun 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive Summary“Chain‐walking” reactions could realize to modify a molecule at the position far away from the active site. It has been a hot topic in the research field of organic synthesis. As a number of achievements have been made by researchers, the products of transition metal‐catalyzed chain‐walking reactions could be obtained with good enantioselectivity. This review summarized the researches on the asymmetric chain‐walking reactions catalyzed by transition metal in the past decade. These works are classified according to the species of metal catalysts.