bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of high infiltration levels in pituitary adenoma using MRI-based radiomics and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Chao , Heng Xueyuan , Neng Wenpeng , Chen Haixin , Sun Aigang , Li Jinxing , Wang Mingguang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Infiltration is important for the surgical planning and prognosis of pituitary adenomas. Differences in preoperative diagnosis have been noted. The aim of this article is to assess the accuracy of machine learning analysis of texture-derived parameters of pituitary adenoma obtained from preoperative MRI for the prediction of high infiltration.

Methods
A total of 196 pituitary adenoma patients (training set: n = 176; validation set: n = 20) were enrolled in this retrospective study. In total, 4120 quantitative imaging features were extracted from CE-T1 MR images. To select the most informative features, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and variance threshold method were performed. The linear support vector machine (SVM) was used to fit the predictive model based on infiltration features. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated, and the diagnostic performance of the model was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 value.

Results
A variance threshold of 0.85 was used to exclude 16 features with small differences using the LASSO algorithm, and 19 optimal features were finally selected. The SVM models for predicting high infiltration yielded an AUC of 0.86 (sensitivity: 0.81, specificity 0.79) in the training set and 0.73 (sensitivity: 0.87, specificity: 0.80) in the validation set. The four evaluation indicators of the predictive model achieved good diagnostic capabilities in the training set (accuracy: 0.80, precision: 0.82, recall: 0.81, F1 score: 0.81) and independent verification set (accuracy: 0.85, precision: 0.93, recall: 0.87, F1 score: 0.90).

Conclusions
The radiomics model developed in this study demonstrates efficacy for the prediction of pituitary adenoma infiltration. This model could potentially aid neurosurgeons in the preoperative prediction of infiltration in PAs and contribute to the selection of ideal surgical strategies.
Evaluation of the role of hydrocortisone either alone or combined with fludrocortisone in the outcome of septic shock in adults
Authors: Labib Heba A. , Hassan Ali I. , Kamaly Ayman M. , Wahba Sherif S. , Ammar Mona A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundManagement of sepsis is a time critical procedure; the consequences of improperly managed sepsis and septic shock can cause multiple organ dysfunction and death. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the role of hydrocortisone either alone or with fludrocortisone on the outcome septic shock in adults. This study was conducted on 66 patients who were assigned randomly to 3 groups each containing 22 patients. Control group had received standard therapy for sepsis, and H group had received standard therapy for sepsis plus hydrocortisone. HF group had received standard therapy for sepsis plus hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone.ResultsIt showed that the use of corticosteroids (the hydrocortisone or the hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone) in septic patients was associated with significant reduction in the time to wean from vasopressors and length of intensive care unit stay. Meanwhile, there were no significant effect of the mortality rate, Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score reduction, gastrointestinal bleeding, and superinfection as corticosteroids adverse effects between the three groups.ConclusionsThe corticosteroids in septic shock have significant positive impacts on some aspects in treatment of septic shock but it does not affect the mortality rate of the patients.
Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluation of recently diagnosed breast cancer patients
Authors: Kamal Ayat Mahmoud , Kamal Omnia Ahmed , Sakr Hossam Moussa , Ali Susan Adil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in women and usually affects people of all ages, races, socioeconomic classes, and geographic locations. Once breast cancer is diagnosed, tumor staging should be assessed precisely before treatment and prognosis could be determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic usefulness of PET/CT in the initial assessment of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who were referred for tumor staging, pre-therapeutic or preoperative evaluation.

Results
In the examined 50 patients, PET/CT has higher sensitivity and accuracy compared to CT alone (reaching 100% for PET/CT and 96% for CT) in detecting malignant breast lesions, regional and distant nodal deposits as well as distant deposits, with subsequent upstaging in two patients.

Conclusions
18F-FDG PET/CT is a single valuable technique that detects metastatic illness in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in an efficient, accurate, and noninvasive manner, resulting in modification of the initial staging, which in turn reflected on the patients' therapeutic plans.
RUBY: Natural Language Processing of French Electronic Medical Records for Breast Cancer Research
Authors: Schiappa Renaud , Contu Sara , Culie Dorian , Thamphya Brice , Chateau Yann , Gal Jocelyn , Bailleux Caroline , Haudebourg Juliette , Ferrero Jean-Marc , Barranger Emmanuel , Chamorey Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE Electronic medical records are a valuable source of information about patients' clinical status but are often free-text documents that require laborious manual review to be exploited. Techniques from computer science have been investigated, but the literature has marginally focused on non-English language texts. We developed RUBY, a tool designed in collaboration with IBM—France to automatically structure clinical information from French medical records of patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS RUBY, which exploits state-of-the-art Named Entity Recognition models combined with keyword extraction and postprocessing rules, was applied on clinical texts. We investigated the precision of RUBY in extracting the target information. RESULTS RUBY has an average precision of 92.8% for the Surgery report, 92.7% for the Pathology report, 98.1% for the Biopsy report, and 81.8% for the Consultation report. CONCLUSION These results show that the automatic approach has the potential to effectively extract clinical knowledge from an extensive set of electronic medical records, reducing the manual effort required and saving a significant amount of time. A deeper semantic analysis and further understanding of the context in the text, as well as training on a larger and more recent set of reports, including those containing highly variable entities and the use of ontologies, could further improve the results.
Updated Analysis of NEJ009: Gefitinib-Alone Versus Gefitinib Plus Chemotherapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Mutated EGFR
Authors: Miyauchi Eisaku , Morita Satoshi , Nakamura Atsushi , Hosomi Yukio , Watanabe Kana , Ikeda Satoshi , Seike Masahiro , Fujita Yuka , Minato Koichi , Ko Ryo , Harada Toshiyuki , Hagiwara Koichi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Nukiwa Toshihiro , Inoue Akira ,   for the North-East Japan Study Group
Published: August 2022

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned coprimary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. In a randomized, open-label, phase III NEJ009 study, gefitinib plus chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with gefitinib-alone in patients with untreated non–small-cell lung cancer harboring mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor. Herein, we report the updated survival outcome and long-term tolerability. Patients were randomly assigned to gefitinib (gefitinib 250 mg orally, once daily) and gefitinib combined with carboplatin plus pemetrexed (GCP in a 3-week cycle for six cycles followed by concurrent gefitinib and pemetrexed maintenance) groups. At the data cutoff (May 22, 2020), GCP demonstrated significantly better PFS2 (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.97; P = .027) than gefitinib. However, the updated median OS was 38.5 months (95% CI, 31.1 to 47.1) and 49.0 months (95% CI, 41.8 to 56.7) in the gefitinib and GCP groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.06; P = .127). The OS in both groups was similar for the overall patient population. No severe adverse events occurred since the first report. This updated analysis revealed that the GCP regimen improved PFS and PFS2 with an acceptable safety profile compared with gefitinib-alone. GCP is more efficient than gefitinib monotherapy as a first-line treatment for non–small-cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.
The Ritual Fusion
Authors: Rezaei Afsane 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article explores domestic religious practices of Iranian Muslim women in Los Angeles. In the diasporic context, Iranian women’s voluntary engagement in vernacular Islamic practices is often associated with an unreflexive pursuit of religion and lack of agency or with complicity with the Islamic Republic’s conservative brand of Shiism. To examine the complexities of such practices in the United States, this research relies on the ethnography of a monthly domestic gathering in LA that offers a hybrid blend of multiple devotional and social genres. The article demonstrates that the event’s performative and affective characteristics cater to a range of individual framings of the shared ritual and allow for complex and multilayered modes of engaging with the practice of faith. Further, it argues that vernacular Islamic practices in the diaspora are not always tied to individuals’ expression of religious conviction and pursuit of piety. By depicting the material and sensory aspects of the space, the article suggests that such rituals can serve as sites for engaging in a mode of diasporic nostalgia that does not commonly have a place in Iranian communities’ nostalgic narratives of the homeland.
Politics of Location in Persepolis
Authors: Hamidi Yalda N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article offers a transnational feminist reading of Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis based on the genealogy of politics of location. Articulated by Adrienne Rich in 1984 and criticized and evolved by Karen Caplan, the concept of politics of location provides a framework for rereading the graphic novel that highlights intersectional aspects of identities that appeared in the text. Through this lens this article looks at how Satrapi ties her personal story to the story of other Iranian women and at the nuances of the identities she represents to her Western readers. Notably, the article examines the politics of writing trauma, gender, and race into the text and analyzes the picture of other Iranian women through the mirror of Satrapi’s graphic novel. It argues that in writing Persepolis, Satrapi has made an undeniable contribution to challenging the dominant narratives of nationhood and female citizenship by documenting the trauma of the Iranian Left in the history of the nation. However, because of her specific color-blind politics of race and antireligious politics of gender, her work overlooks some groups of Iranian women’s existence and experiences. Thus this article argues against reading and teaching Persepolis as representative of Iranian women or a universal version of Third World feminism.
Willingness to participate in, support or carry out scientific studies for benefit assessment of available medical interventions: A stakeholder survey
Authors: Stadelmaier Julia , Meerpohl Joerg J. , Toews Ingrid 
Published: August 2022

Background
Post-entry studies are a key element in managed entry agreements and aim at generating evidence about the additional benefit of new medical interventions before reimbursement decisions are made. This study evaluates the willingness of different stakeholder groups to engage post-entry in studies for benefit assessment and to assess differences in their willingness by study type, i.e. randomised controlled trial or observational study.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey with a self-administrated questionnaire in German language. We disseminated invitations to patients, patient representatives, healthcare providers, trialists & scientists and representatives of the medical private sector, using a snowball system, public contact details of German associations and organisations, and social media. We analysed quantitative data descriptively and qualitative data inductively.

Results
Data of 154 respondents were available for analysis. The majority (>85%) was willing to engage in the studies in general, and regarding different study types. Scientists reported a higher willingness to conduct and support RCTs (p = 0.01) as compared to observational studies. Representatives of the private sector were mainly willing to support, but not to carry out post-entry studies. Stakeholders frequently mentioned that potential personal benefit and altruistic motives were relevant for their decision to engage in studies. Practical inconveniences, poor integration into daily life, high demand for time and personnel, and lack of resources were commonly mentioned barriers.

Discussion and conclusion
Stakeholders clearly reported to be willing to engage in post-entry studies for benefit assessment. Self-reported willingness to participate in and support for studies seems higher than practical recruitment rates. The survey might be subject to survey error and self-enhancement of participants. Inquiring about the willingness of hypothetical studies might have caused participants to report higher willingness. Motives for and against participation may be possible starting points for approaches to overcome recruitment difficulties and facilitate successful study conduct.
Modelling the microelimination of chronic hepatitis C in the canton of Bern, Switzerland: Reaching the Swiss Hepatitis Strategy goals despite the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Schorr Olivier , Blach Sarah , Thurnheer Christine , Ruis Christian , Dufour Jean-Francois 
Published: August 2022

Aims of the study
Since 2014, the Swiss Hepatitis Strategy (SHS) has targeted the elimination of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Switzerland. The epidemiology of HCV is diverse across Swiss cantons, therefore cantonal-level screening and treatment strategies should be developed. This study aimed to identify scenarios to achieve HCV elimination in the canton of Bern by 2030.

Methods
A preexisting Markov disease burden model was populated with data for Bern, and used to forecast the current and future prevalence of HCV, annual liver-related deaths (LRDs), and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated cirrhosis until 2030. Scenarios were developed to assess the current standard of care and potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the HCV infected population. Additionally, potential scenarios for achieving the WHO 2030 targets and the SHS 2025 and 2030 targets (reduction of new cases of HCV, HCV-related mortality and viremic HCV cases) were identified.

Results
In 2019, there were an estimated 4,600 (95% UI: 3,330–4,940) viremic infections in the canton of Bern and 57% (n = 2,600) of viremic cases were diagnosed. This modelling forecasted a 10% increase in LRDs (28 in 2020 to 31 in 2030) with the current standard of care and a 50% increase in LRDs in a scenario assuming long-term delays. To achieve the WHO and SHS targets, the canton of Bern needs to increase the annual number of patients diagnosed (from 90 in 2019 to 250 per year in 2022–2024 [WHO], or 500 per year in 2022–2025 [SHS]) and treated (from 130 in 2019 to 340 per year in 2022–2024 [WHO] or 670 per year in 2022–2025 [SHS]).

Conclusions
The SHS goals and the WHO targets for HCV elimination can be achieved in the Swiss canton of Bern by 2030; however, not at the current pace of screening, linkage to care and treatment.
Time to recovery from severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children aged 6–59 months at Asosa general hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective follow up study
Authors: Bizuneh Fassikaw Kebede , Tolossa Tadesse , Bekonjo Nemera Eticha , Wakuma Bizuneh 
Published: August 2022

Background
Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) has become a major public health challenge in developing countries including Ethiopia, especially among the underprivileged population. Ethiopia is among the developing countries with the highest burden of acute malnutrition among under-five children. Though, plenty of studies were done on the magnitude of acute malnutrition among under-five children in Ethiopia, there is a limited evidence on time to recovery from SAM and its predictors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.

Objectives
The study was aimed to assess the time to recovery from SAM and its predictors among children aged 6–59 months at Asosa general hospital (AGH), Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia.

Methods
A Five years retrospective follow-up study design was employed among 454 children admitted with SAM in AGH from January 2015 to December 2019. The data were extracted from the patient medical records using checklist. The data were coded and entered into Epi-Data 3.1; then exported to STATA/SE-14 for analysis. Proportional Cox regression was performed to identify predictors of recovery time. A proportional hazard assumption was checked. Variables with AHR at 95% CI and P-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable Cox proportional regression was considered as significant predictors of recovery time.

Findings
Among the 454 included records of children with SAM, 65.4% (95%CI: 50.1, 69.2) of them were recovered at the end of the follow-up with a median recovery time of 15 IQR(11–18)days. The incidence rate of recovery was 5.28 per 100 child days’ observations. Being HIV Negative (AHR = 2.19: 95% CI 1.28, 3.73), Marasmic (AHR = 1.69: 95% CI 1.18, 2.42), and marasmic-kwashiorkor child (AHR = 1.60: 95% CI (1.09, 2.37) independently predicted recovery time.

Conclusions
Though the time to recovery from severe acute malnutrition was in the acceptable range, the proportion of recovery was found to be low in the study area compared to sphere standard. The prognosis of children with severe acute malnutrition was determined by the HIV status of the child and the type of malnutrition experienced. Further strengthening of malnutrition therapeutic centers and routine checkup of the nutritional status of HIV positive children should be emphasized to reduce child mortality and morbidity from under-nutrition.
Existence of ground state solutions for critical fractional Choquard equations involving periodic magnetic field
Authors: Jin Zhen-Feng , Sun Hong-Rui , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the following critical fractional magnetic Choquard equation:

ε

2
s

(

−
Δ

)

A
∕
ε

s

u
+
V

(

x

)

u

=

ε

α
−
N

∫

R

N

∣
u

(

y

)

∣

2

s
,
α

∗

∣
x
−
y

∣

α

d
y

∣
u

∣

2

s
,
α

∗

−
2

u

+

ε

α
−
N

∫

R

N

F

(

y
,
∣
u

(

y

)

∣

2

)

∣
x
−
y

∣

α

d
y

f

(

x
,
∣
u

∣

2

)

u

in

R

N

,

\begin{array}{rcl}{\varepsilon }^{2s}{\left(-\Delta )}_{A/\varepsilon }^{s}u+V\left(x)u& =& {\varepsilon }^{\alpha -N}\left(\mathop{\displaystyle \int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}\frac{| u(y){| }^{{2}_{s,\alpha }^{\ast }}}{| x-y\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{\alpha }}{\rm{d}}y\right)| u\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{{2}_{s,\alpha }^{\ast }-2}u\\ & & +{\varepsilon }^{\alpha -N}\left(\mathop{\displaystyle \int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}\frac{F(y,| u(y){| }^{2})}{| x-y\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{\alpha }}{\rm{d}}y\right)\hspace{0.08em}f\left(x,| u\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{2})u\hspace{1em}{\rm{in}}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\end{array}

where

ε
>
0

\varepsilon \gt 0

,

s
∈

(

0
,
1

)

s\in \left(0,1)

,

α
∈

(

0
,
N

)

\alpha \in \left(0,N)

,

N
>
max

{

2
μ
+
4
s
,
2
s
+
α
∕
2

}

N\gt {\rm{\max }}\left\{2\mu +4s,2s+\alpha /2\right\}

,

2

s
,
α

∗

=

2
N
−
α

N
−
2
s

{2}_{s,\alpha }^{\ast }=\frac{2N-\alpha }{N-2s}

is the upper critical exponent in the sense of Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality,

(

−
Δ

)

A

s

{\left(-\Delta )}_{A}^{s}

stands for the fractional Laplacian with periodic magnetic field

A

A

of

C

0
,
μ

{C}^{0,\mu }

-class with

μ
∈

(

0
,
1

]

\mu \in (0,1]

and

V

V

is a continuous potential and allows to be sign-changing. Under some mild assumptions imposed on

V

V

and

f

f

, we establish the existence of at least one ground state solution.
Mechanical properties of sustainable reactive powder concrete made with low cement content and high amount of fly ash and silica fume
Authors: Nasr Mohammed Salah , Hasan Zaid Ali , Jaaz Hussein Abad Gazi , Abed Mohammed Kareem , Falah Mayadah W. , Hashim Tameem Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is one of the distinctive kinds of concrete whose benefits are high mechanical performance and durability. It contains a high content of cement, which means a high amount of carbon dioxide emitted during manufacturing. Scientists have tended to search for a way to reduce environmental damage, and one solution is to partially replace cement with mineral admixtures, waste from other industries, or by-products. There are restricted studies involving the use of high content of compounding mineral admixtures in the making of RPC. Therefore, this research aims to produce sustainable RPC with a low cement content (50%). The main objective of this research is to study the impact of substituting cement with 50% of silica fume (SF) + fly ash (FA) on the mechanical characteristics of RPC. Three mixtures containing various percentages of SF + FA were poured, in addition to the reference mixture. Flowability, flexural and compressive strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and density were examined. The results showed that a sustainable RPC can be produced by substituting the cement with 10% SF and 40% FA with an improvement in workability and compressive strength and an insignificant reduction in other properties.
Evaluation and integral analysis of ADS and CMT failures during AP1000 SBLOCA with ASYST VER 3 simulation code
Authors: Osman Omer Elsiddig , Badawi Alya A. , Elshahat Ayah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This research focuses on verifying the importance of the ADS and the CMT, by using the ASYST code. We evaluated the role of these two components by postulating the failure of the ADS as a single failure approach and the failure of the CMT with ADS failure as multiple failures approach during hypothetical SBLOCA conditions. These accidents acted as confounding factors distorting the AP1000 PSS. We investigated the reactor and safety system behavior during the SBLOCA. We evaluated the importance and effectiveness of two components in reducing and mitigating the consequences of the accident. We checked the effectiveness of these components by comparing the importunity-related issues with and without these components during the accidents. We found that the ADS decreased the pressure, allowing natural circulation to quench the reactor core during the LOCA. During the failure of ADS, the vapor bubbles formed in the reactor vessel covering the fuel rods increased their temperature. The CMT borated water feeding quenched the actinides decay heat. The non-existence of the CMT resulted in decreasing the RCS. ASYST was compared to NOTRUMP to validate it capability to analyze thermal phenomena during accidents. It was found that in the AP1000, the ADS and CMT were considered as the overall importunity of the others PSS.