bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the impact of ICU population interaction structure on modeled colonization dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mietchen Matthew S. , Short Christopher T. , Samore Matthew , Lofgren Eric T. ,   CDC Modeling Infectious Diseases in Healthcare Program (MInD-Healthcare)
Published: July 2022

BackgroundComplex transmission models of healthcare-associated infections provide insight for hospital epidemiology and infection control efforts, but they are difficult to implement and come at high computational costs. Structuring more simplified models to incorporate the heterogeneity of the intensive care unit (ICU) patient-provider interactions, we explore how methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) dynamics and acquisitions may be better represented and approximated.MethodsUsing a stochastic compartmental model of an 18-bed ICU, we compared the rates of MRSA acquisition across three ICU population interaction structures: a model with nurses and physicians as a single staff type (SST), a model with separate staff types for nurses and physicians (Nurse-MD model), and a Metapopulation model where each nurse was assigned a group of patients. The proportion of time spent with the assigned patient group (γ) within the Metapopulation model was also varied.ResultsThe SST, Nurse-MD, and Metapopulation models had a mean of 40.6, 32.2 and 19.6 annual MRSA acquisitions respectively. All models were sensitive to the same parameters in the same direction, although the Metapopulation model was less sensitive. The number of acquisitions varied non-linearly by values of γ, with values below 0.40 resembling the Nurse-MD model, while values above that converged toward the Metapopulation structure.DiscussionInclusion of complex population interactions within a modeled hospital ICU has considerable impact on model results, with the SST model having more than double the acquisition rate of the more structured metapopulation model. While the direction of parameter sensitivity remained the same, the magnitude of these differences varied, producing different colonization rates across relatively similar populations. The non-linearity of the model’s response to differing values of a parameter gamma (γ) suggests simple model approximations are appropriate in only a narrow space of relatively dispersed nursing assignments.ConclusionSimplifying assumptions around how a hospital population is modeled, especially assuming random mixing, may overestimate infection rates and the impact of interventions. In many, if not most, cases more complex models that represent population mixing with higher granularity are justified.
Delayed ART initiation in “Test and Treat era” and its associated factors among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy at public health institutions in Northwest Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Bantie Berihun , Kassaw Yirga Gebrie , Abate Moges Wubneh , Amare Abreham Tsedalu , Nigat Adane Birhanu , Tigabu Agmasie , Kerebeh Gashaw , Emiru Tigabu Desie , Tibebu Nigusie Selomon , Tiruneh Chalie Marew , Misganaw Natnael Moges , Temesgen Dessie , Bizuayehu Molla Azmeraw , Nuru Ahmed , Hiruy Endalk Getasew , Kassaw Amare 
Published: July 2022

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shown promising effects on the reduction of new HIV infection as well as HIV-related morbidity and mortality. In order to boost the effect of ART on ending HIV epidemics by 2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) indeed introduced a universal test and treat strategy in 2015 that recommends rapid (within seven days) initiation of ART for all HIV-positive patients. However, in low-income countries, a substantial number of HIV-positive patients were not enrolled in time, and information on delayed ART initiation status in Ethiopia is limited.

Method
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 HIV-positive adults receiving ART at public health institutions in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. A structured checklist was used to extract data from the patient’s medical record. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for further analysis. Both simple and multivariable binary logistic regressions were executed, and variables with a p-value < 0.05 in the final model were considered significant predictors of delayed ART initiation.

Results
The magnitude of delayed ART initiation was 39% (95% CI: 34%–44%). Being male [Adjusted odds ratio(AOR) = 1.99, 95%CI:1.3–3.2], having opportunistic infections (OIs) [AOR = 2.50, 95%CI:1.4–4.6], having other chronic diseases [AOR = 3.70,95%CI:1.7–8.3], substance abuse [AOR = 3.79, 95%CI: 1.9–7.4], having ambulatory functional status [AOR = 5.38, 95%CI: 1.4–9.6] and didn’t have other HIV-positive family member [AOR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.2–2.9] increases the odds of delayed ART initiation.

Conclusion and recommendation
The burden of delayed ART initiation is found to be high. The presence of OIs and other chronic problems, substance abuse, ambulatory functional status, being male, and not having other HIV-positive family members were identified as significant predictors of delayed ART initiation. Special emphasis needs to be considered for those individuals with the identified risk factors.
A comparison of echocardiographic and circulating cardiac biomarkers for predicting incident cardiovascular disease
Authors: Lind Lars , Loader Jordan , Lindahl Bertil , Eggers Kai M. , Sundström Johan 
Published: July 2022

Background
Echocardiographic measures are known predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. This study compared the predictive value of such measures to that of circulating cardiac biomarkers for a composite cardiovascular disease outcome in an aging population.

Methods
In this prospective population-based cohort study, echocardiography was performed at baseline together with assessments of traditional CVD risk factors and circulating cardiac biomarkers, NT-proBNP and troponin I, in 1016 individuals all aged 70 years. Assessments were repeated at ages 75 and 80. A composite CVD outcome (myocardial infarction, heart failure or ischemic stroke) was charted over 15 years. All echocardiography variables, except for the E/A ratio, were analyzed on a continuous scale.

Results
Over 10 years, left atrial (LA) diameter, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and high E/A ratio (>1.5) increased, while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remained unchanged. Using Cox proportional hazard analyses with time-updated variables for echocardiographic measures and traditional risk factors, an enlarged LA diameter and a low LVEF were independently related to incident CVD in 222 participants. The addition of LA diameter and LVEF to traditional risk factors increased the C-statistic by 1.5% (p = 0.008). However, the addition of troponin I and NT-proBNP to traditional risk factors increased the C-statistic by 3.0% (p<0.001).

Conclusion
An enlarged LA diameter and a low LVEF improved the prediction of incident CVD compared to traditional risk factors. However, given that troponin I and NT-proBNP improved prediction to a similar extent, the use of simple blood tests to improve clinical cardiovascular disease risk prediction is only further supported by this study.
Epidemiology of prediabetes mellitus among hill tribe adults in Thailand
Authors: Apidechkul Tawatchai , Chomchiei Chalitar , Upala Panupong , Tamornpark Ratipark 
Published: July 2022

Background
Prediabetes is a major silent health problem that leads to the development of diabetes within a few years, particularly among those who have a low socioeconomic status. Hill tribe people are vulnerable to prediabetes due to their unique cultural cooking methods and their hard work on farms, as well as their low economic status and educational levels. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes among hill tribe people in Thailand and identify the related factors.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included participants who belong to one of the six main hill tribes: Akah, Lahu, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. The study was conducted in 30 hill tribe villages in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire was administered, and 5-mL blood specimens were collected. Data were collected between November 2019 and March 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between independent variables and prediabetes.

Results
A total of 1,406 participants were recruited for the study; 67.8% were women, 77.2% were between 40 and 59 years old, and 82.9% were married. The majority worked in the agricultural sector (57.2%), had an annual income ≤ 50,000 baht (67.5%), and had never attended school (69.3%). The prevalence of prediabetes was 11.2%. After controlling for age and sex, five factors were found to be associated with prediabetes. Members of the Akha and Lisu tribes had 2.03 (95% CI = 1.03–3.99) and 2.20 (95% CI = 1.10–4.42) times higher odds of having prediabetes than Karen tribe members, respectively. Those with hypertension (HT) had 1.47 (95% CI = 1.03–2.08) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with normal blood pressure. Those with a normal total cholesterol level had 2.43 (95% CI = 1.65–3.58) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with a high total cholesterol level. Those with a high triglyceride level had 1.64 (95% CI = 1.16–2.32) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with a normal triglyceride level. Those with a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level had 1.96 (95% CI = 1.30–2.96) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with a normal LDL-C level.

Conclusion
Appropriate dietary guidelines and exercise should be promoted among hill tribe people between 30 and 59 years old to reduce the probability of developing prediabetes.
Association of polymorphisms of genes SLC30A8 and MC4R with the prognosis of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mel’nikova E. S. , Mustafina S. V. , Rymar O. D. , Ivanova A. A. , Shcherbakova L. V. , Bobak M. , Maljutina S. K. , Voevoda M. I. , Maksimov V. N. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached epidemic proportions and it is estimated to affect over 400 million people worldwide. Moreover, the incidence of diabetes is expected to continue to rise and it is projected to affect nearly one of the three individuals by the year 2050. These alarming projections suggest that there is an urgent need for the development and implementation of novel prevention and treatment strategies to combat the rise in T2DM.AIM: To study the possibility of using polymorphisms of genes SLC30A8 and MC4R as markers for predicting the development of T2D in the population of Novosibirsk.MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of prospective follow-up of a representative population sample of residents of Novosibirsk (The HAPIEE Project), 2 groups were formed according to the “case-control” principle (case — people who had diabetes mellitus 2 over 10 years of follow-up, and control — people who did not developed disorders of carbohydrate metabolism). T2D group (n = 443, mean age 56.2 ± 6.7 years, men — 29.6%, women — 70.4%), control group (n = 532, mean age 56.1 ± 7.1 years, men — 32.7%, women — 67.3%). DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotyping was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction with subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction in real time. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 16.0 software package.RESULTS: Genotype TT rs13266634 of the SLC30A8 gene was associated with the risk of developing T2D (relative risk — RR 1.51, 95% confidence interval — CI 1.11–2.05, p =0.008). The CC genotype rs13266634 of the SLC30A8 gene was associated with a protective effect against T2D (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.92, p=0.026). No significant effect of rs17782313 of the MC4R gene on the risk of developing T2D was found.CONCLUSION: The rs13266634 polymorphism of the SLC30A8 gene confirmed its association with the prognosis of the development of T2D, which indicates the possibility of considering it as a candidate for inclusion in a diabetes risk score. The association between polymorphisms rs17782313 of the MC4R gene and the prognosis of the development of T2D was not found.
LINC00839 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting RUVBL1/Tip60 complexes to activate NRF1
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Chen Jianxiong , Zhang Sijing , Liu Xunhua , Long Xiaoli , Lan Jiawen , Zhou Miao , Zheng Lin , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA LINC00839 has been shown to be involved in the progression of some cancer types, such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and neuroblastoma. However, if LINC00839 has roles in colorectal cancer (CRC), it has not been elucidated so far. Here, we focus on the biological role and involved mechanisms of LINC00839 in CRC. We show that LINC00839 is selectively upregulated in CRC and locates to the nucleus. High expression of LINC00839 is associated with poor outcomes in CRC patients. Functional experiments show that LINC00839 promotes CRC proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00839 recruits Ruvb1 to the Tip60 complex and increases its acetylase activity. LINC00839 guides the complex to the NRF1 promoter and promotes acetylation of lysines 5 and 8 of histones H4, thereby upregulating the expression of NRF1. Subsequently, NRF1 activates mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, thereby promoting CRC progression. In summary, our study reports on a mechanism by which LINC00839 positively regulates NRF1, thus promoting mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, as well as CRC progression.
Speed of psychomotor reactions of pupils of the vocational rehabilitation training centre
Authors: Mockevičienė Daiva , Dobrovolskytė Ilona , Žukauskaitė Renata 
Published: July 2022

The aim of the research is to assess the change of psychomotor reactions of persons having intellectual disorders by applying individual programmes for development of physical abilities. 12 individuals with mild intellectual disorders and 13 individuals with moderate intellectual disorders who attend the vocational rehabilitation training centre participated in the research. The research was carried out on the ground of linear experiment methods. Assessment of the psychomotor reactions speed was carried out using hardware and software Ergos II Work Simulator. After the fi rst assessment, individual programmes for development of physical abilities have been designed and applied; the main aim of the programmes was to develop psychomotor reactions of people with intellectual disorders by applying physical exercises.
Assistant teachers for pupils with special educational needs in the Czech Republic – presentation of selected particular research results
Authors: Michalík Jan , Chrastina Jan , Maštalíř Jaromír , Baslerová Pavlína 
Published: July 2022

The profession of an assistant teacher (AT) deserves due attention in terms of methodological, personnel, legislative and professional discourse. The position of AT was established in the Czech Republic already in 2005; however, research and scientific findings providing relevant practical data (in the form of general research studies) are still missing. The paper presentsa concept of a national research study performed in February – March 2015 and particular results focusing on the description of sociodemographic distributions and selected aspects of labour-law relationships (and their attributes) in terms of the function of AT. The paper also includes an interpretative view of the results by means of suggested practical measures in the area of operation, competences and especially legislation.
The research study used a quantity-based approach to investigate the research phenomena. The data collection method was a questionnaire of an own design, which was – regarding the number of ATs in the Czech Republic – administered in an electronic form. The data were then classified, analysed and statistically tested. This is the first communication of an extensive research report. It describes the initial domain of sociodemographic characteristics and the first research – labour-law aspects: employment contract, type of employment, length of employment, amount of remuneration and related aspects.
A study on clinical profile of invasive fungal infection in neutropenic children in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Nathani Masoom , Mandal Piali , Kaur Ravinder , Chandra Jagadish 
Published: July 2022

Background: Febrile neutropenia is a common complication of anti-cancer chemotherapy. Invasive fungal infections are found mostly after prolonged neutropenia. Early diagnosis and treatment of these infections are of crucial importance. Hence, there is a need to identify the common causative organisms of fungal sepsis in children and our primary objective was to diagnose invasive fungal infections in children of febrile neutropenia and identify the common fungal etiological agents with clinical profile.Methods: This study was done as observational, cross-sectional study for 18 months at the department of microbiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and department of pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital. All children less than 18 years of age clinically suspected to have invasive fungal infection with absolute neutrophil count <500 /ml, with fever not responding to antibiotics for more than 3-4 days were included in the study.Results: Hospitalization ≥7 days (100%) was the most common associated risk factor, followed by neutropenia (100%), immunodeficiency (100%), cytotoxic drugs (87.27%) and malignancies (87.27%). Other less commonly associated risk factors were hyperalimentation (23.64%), residence near a construction site (23.64%), presence of urinary catheters (10.91%) and HIV positivity (9.09%). Around 54.54% of sputum samples were positive for fungal culture. A lower positivity was seen in blood culture (14.54%).Conclusions: Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and Pneumocystis remain the primary fungal pathogens in this patient population. Early clinical suspicion followed by prompt sampling and evaluation for fungal infections may aid in timely diagnosis and reduction of mortality of these patients.
An Analysis of the Merits and Demerits of the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Mechanism System and the Disadvantageous Position of Developing Countries in it
Authors: Xiao Ruyi 
Published: July 2022

<p>On January 1, 1995, world trade ushered in a new era. An organization used to establish, modify, and enforce rules governing international trade - the World Trade Organization (WTO) - was born.<sup>[1</sup><sup>]</sup> The WTO is the world's largest international economic organization and so far, as many as 164 members have joined.<sup>[</sup><sup>1</sup><sup>]</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>[2</sup><sup>]</sup> The WTO covers a wide range of areas, mainly including trade in goods, services, intellectual property, and other fields.<sup>[3</sup><sup>]</sup> Various trade disputes would arise in the complicated trade process and naturally, resolving disputes has become one of the core activities of the WTO. The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) is regarded as the central pillar of the WTO and a unique contribution of the WTO to global economic stability.<sup>[4</sup><sup>]</sup> Generally speaking, DSM is excellent and successful. It provides a reliable trading platform for all members of the world and a guarantee for the free, fair, and predictable flow of trade.<sup>[5</sup><sup>]</sup> But on the other hand, nothing is perfect, DSM also has some criticisms, and there is also a certain degree of inequality in the treatment of members with different development levels. This article aims to analyse the merits and demerits of the WTO's DSM and to explain that, although the DSM was originally set up to benefit the weaker countries, in practice developing countries remain at a disadvantage.</p>
Research on the Deficiencies and Strategies of Accounting in Administrative Unit under "Government Accounting System"
Authors: Liu Wenjie 
Published: July 2022

According to the country’s regulations on the Ministry of Finance, state agencies and institutions should all participate in the new government accounting system from January 2019. The new government accounting system has made some changes during the reform.It mainly reflected in elements of accounting, methods for accounting , basis of measurement, statement’s preparation. Based on the essence of accounting of administrative units,This article has discovered the problems arising from the accounting work of administrative institutions in my country today from the perspective of the status of each administrative unit, such as fiscal rebate quota, errors of non-tax calculation, and errors of reserve amount, etc. In order to better improve the current situation of my country's administrative units,it puts forward suggestions for improvement for such problems.
The Status Quo and Problem Analysis of the application of intelligent enterprise management accounting in the Big Data Era
Authors: Zhong Ruibo 
Published: July 2022

Management accounting plays a pivotal role in the operation of an enterprise. By means of management accounting, an enterprise could make reasonable accounting of enterprise costs, optimize resource allocation within enterprises and reduce the waste of resources. Therefore, management accounting is the major resource of the information that helps with decision-making of business managers. In recent years, the big data technology and intelligent technology has been continuously improved, so the traditional management accounting model is facing great challenges. Therefore, the application of intelligent management accounting into the in-depth analysis of big data within all enterprise will cast positive influence on long-term development of the enterprise. This article aims to analyze the current status of the application of intelligent management accounting into enterprise in the present big data environment. In accordance with the application of intelligent management accounting in enterprise budget management, cost management, performance management, and others, the problems with the current application of intelligent management accounting will be summarized. Then, some effective solutions to solve those problems will be provided, expecting to provide crucial enlightenment on the application of intelligent management accounting to promote the development of Chinese enterprises in the era of big data.
Comprehend the Characteristics and Influence of the Theme of Urban Worker from the Perspective of Art Sociology
Authors: Li Yitong 
Published: July 2022

Through the analysis of art sociology theory, the development causes and characteristics of the theme of “urban worker”
are analyzed and explored.First to define the concept of “urban workers” (including migrant workers, local workers, civilian
heroes, etc.) to the 13th national exhibition of Fine Arts winning works for the scope, to the 11th and 12th exhibition for reference,
select Wang Biao “Get Off Work of No.86”, Cao Dan “Bridge Pouring in The Sun”, Wang Yichan on “Dim Lights” and Lv Xuejing
“Beautiful Scenery Line” several works for analysis.