bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and age‐related injury patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents: A multicentric and prospective study
Authors: Segura‐Palleres Ignasi , Sobrero Federica , Roccia Fabio , de Oliveira Gorla Luis Fernando , Pereira‐Filho Valfrido Antonio , Gallafassi Daniel , Faverani Leonardo Perez , Romeo Irene , Bojino Alessandro , Copelli Chiara , Duran‐Valles Francesc , Bescos Coro , Ganasouli Dimitra , Zanakis Stelios N. , Hassanein Ahmed Gaber , Alalawy Haider , Kamel Mohammed , Samieirad Sahand , Jaisani Mehul Rajesh , Rahman Sajjad Abdur , Rahman Tabishur , Aladelusi Timothy , Carlaw Kirsten , Aquilina Peter , Rae Euan , Laverick Sean , Goetzinger Maximilian , Bottini Gian Battista 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsPaediatric maxillofacial trauma accounts for 15% of all maxillofacial trauma but remains a leading cause of mortality. The aim of this prospective, multicentric epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in paediatric patients managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1‐year period.MethodsThe following data were collected: age (preschool [0–6 years], school age [7–12 years], and adolescent [13–18 years]), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injuries, day of the maxillofacial trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.ResultsBetween 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 322 patients (male:female ratio, 2.3:1) aged 0–18 years (median age, 15 years) were hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma. The most frequent causes of the trauma were road traffic accidents (36%; median age, 15 years), followed by falls (24%; median age, 8 years) and sports (21%; median age, 14 years). Alcohol and/or drug abuse was significantly associated with males (p < .001) and older age (p < .001). Overall, 474 fractures were observed (1.47 per capita). The most affected site was the mandibular condyle in children <13 years old and the nose in adolescents. The proportion of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation increased with age (p < .001).ConclusionThe main cause of paediatric maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents, with the highest rates seen in African and Asian centres, and the frequency of such fractures increased with age. Falls showed an inverse association with age and were the leading cause of trauma in children 0–6 years of age. The choice of treatment varies with age, reflecting anatomical and etiological changes towards patterns more similar to those seen in adulthood.
In vivo electrophysiological study of the targeting of 5‐HT3 receptor‐expressing cortical interneurons by the multimodal antidepressant, vortioxetine
Authors: Schweimer Judith V. , Brouard Julia T. , Li Yan , Sánchez Connie , Sharp Trevor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe antidepressant vortioxetine has high affinity for the ionotropic 5‐HT3 receptor (5‐HT3R) as well as other targets including the 5‐HT transporter. The procognitive effects of vortioxetine have been linked to altered excitatory:inhibitory balance in cortex. Thus, vortioxetine purportedly inhibits cortical 5‐HT3R‐expressing interneurons (5‐HT3R‐INs) to disinhibit excitatory pyramidal neurons. The current study determined for the first time the effect of vortioxetine on the in vivo firing of putative 5‐HT3R‐INs whilst simultaneously recording pyramidal neuron activity using cortical slow‐wave oscillations as a readout. Extracellular single unit and local field potential recordings were made in superficial layers of the prefrontal cortex of urethane‐anaesthetised rats. 5‐HT3R‐INs were identified by a short‐latency excitation evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Juxtacellular‐labelling found such neurons had the morphological and immunohistochemical properties of 5‐HT3R‐INs: basket cell or bipolar cell morphology, expression of 5‐HT3R‐IN markers and parvalbumin‐immunonegative. Vortioxetine inhibited the short‐latency DRN‐evoked excitation of 5‐HT3R‐INs and simultaneously decreased cortical slow wave oscillations, indicative of pyramidal neuron activation. Likewise, the 5‐HT3R antagonist ondansetron inhibited the short‐latency DRN‐evoked excitation of 5‐HT3R‐INs. However unlike vortioxetine, ondansetron did not decrease cortical slow‐wave oscillations, suggesting a dissociation between this effect and inhibition of 5‐HT3R‐INs. The 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor escitalopram had no consistent effect on any electrophysiological parameter measured. Overall, the current findings suggest that vortioxetine simultaneously inhibits (DRN‐evoked) 5‐HT3R‐INs and excites pyramidal neurons, thereby changing the excitatory:inhibitory balance in cortex. However, under the current experimental conditions, these two effects were dissociable with only the former likely involving a 5‐HT3R‐mediated mechanism.
The role of NOTCH2NLC in Parkinson's disease: A clinical, neuroimaging, and pathological study
Authors: Liu Peng , Yang Dehao , Zhang Fan , Chen Shuqi , Xie Fei , Luo Yong , Wang Haotian , Chen Yueting , Lin Zhiru , Wang Lebo , Chen Xinhui , Wang Bo , Wu Sheng , Ouyang Zhiyuan , Cen Zhidong , Luo Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeRecently, the pathogenic and intermediate GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC was detected in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, detailed clinical, neuroimaging, and pathological information of clinically diagnosed PD patients with pathogenic GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC remains scarce. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the clinical, neuroimaging, and pathological characteristics of PD patients carrying the pathogenic GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC.MethodsThe NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansion was screened in 941 sporadic PD patients and 244 unrelated probands. Comprehensive assessments were performed in three PD patients with pathogenic GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC. The repeat expansion length was estimated using CRISPR/Cas9‐based targeted long‐read sequencing.ResultsThe three patients (two PD patients from Family 1 and one sporadic PD) carrying the pathogenic NOTCH2NLC expansion were reconfirmed with a diagnosis of clinically established PD. Although they lacked the typical neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature, the typical PD pattern of striatal dopamine transporter loss was detected. Notably, all three patients presented with systemic areflexia, and other secondary causes of polyneuropathy were excluded. Skin biopsy showed intranuclear inclusions and an absence of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein deposition in the skin nerve fibers of all three patients.ConclusionsAlthough these clinically diagnosed PD patients with pathogenic GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC were hardly distinguishable from idiopathic PD based on clinical course and neuroimaging features, the pathological findings indicated that their phenotype was a PD phenocopy of NIID. Systemic areflexia may be an important and unique clinical clue suggesting further genetic testing and skin biopsy examination to confirm the diagnosis of NIID in patients presenting with a PD phenocopy.
A tale of two cohorts: Differing outcomes in infantile‐onset focal epilepsy
Authors: Triplet Erin M. , Nickels Katherine , Wong‐Kisiel Lily , Fine Anthony , Wirrell Elaine C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveInfants with focal‐onset epilepsy are an understudied population, requiring additional evaluation for clinical assessment and prognostication. Our goal was to characterize the etiology and natural history of infantile‐onset focal epilepsy.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all infants (0–24 months) with onset of focal epilepsy while resident in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1980 and 2018, using the Rochester Epidemiology Project Database. We assessed the impact of etiology on both seizure and neurodevelopmental outcome, and mortality.ResultsOf 686 children with epilepsy onset <18 years, 125 (18.2%) presented with focal‐onset seizures in infancy. Median follow‐up for this group was 10.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 6.2, 19.3). Etiology was identified in 65.6% (structural N = 62, genetic N = 13, both structural and genetic N = 3, metabolic N = 4). Of 107 patients followed >2 years, 38 (35.5%) developed drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). DRE was more likely with younger age at onset, known etiology, and presence of epileptic spasms. Sixty‐eight (63.0% of those with follow‐up) were developmentally delayed at last follow‐up, and known etiology, DRE, and presence of epileptic spasms were significantly associated with delay (p < .001 for all). Fifteen patients (12.0%) died at a median age of 7.1 years (IQR 1.7, 21.7), but only one death was seizure related (suspected sudden unexpected death in epilepsy [SUDEP]). Of 20 infants with normal development at onset and no known etiology with >2 years follow‐up, none developed DRE, all were seizure‐free at last follow‐up (95% off antiseizure medications [ASMs]), and all remained developmentally normal.SignificanceInfantile‐onset focal epilepsy accounts for 18% of all epilepsy in childhood, is frequently due to known etiologies, and has a high rate of DRE. However, developmentally normal infants without a known cause appear to have a very favorable course.
Relationship education for women during pregnancy: The impact of MotherWise on birth outcomes
Authors: Rhoades Galena K. , Allen Maggie O. T. , Peña Rachel , Hyer Jennifer , Mazzoni Sara E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe field of relationship science has called for more research on the impact of relationship education on child outcomes, yet studies in this area remain sparse, particularly regarding maternal and infant health at birth. Research on group prenatal care demonstrates that individual‐oriented group interventions have a positive impact on infant birth outcomes, suggesting the need to consider the impacts of other forms of group programming for women. The current study examined the impact of MotherWise, an individual‐oriented relationship education and brief case management/coaching program for minority and low‐income pregnant women, on birth outcomes. The study sample included 136 women who enrolled in a larger randomized controlled trial of MotherWise during early pregnancy. Although statistical power was limited due to the sample size and the effects were not outright significant at p < 0.05, results indicated that the effects of MotherWise on birth outcomes were small to moderate in size (0.23 for birthweight, 0.46 for preterm birth) and suggest important avenues for future tests of relationship education programs and their impacts on maternal and infant health. The current study suggests that relationship education during pregnancy could directly impact women's and infant's health.
Reactive air brazing of 3YSZ ceramic to aluminized Crofer22H stainless steel using Ag–CuO fillers
Authors: Zhou Wen Long , Hu Sheng Peng , Yang Meng Juan , Luo Yun , Fu Wei , Song Xiao Guo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, an effective protected Al2O3layer was fabricated first on the surface of Crofer22H by reactive air aluminization to suppress cathodic poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells. Then, the reactive air brazing of aluminized Crofer22H to 3YSZ ceramics was carried out by using Ag–CuO fillers. The effects of CuO content and brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were studied in detail. The results indicated that maintaining a continuous Al2O3layer was the prerequisite for achieving a reliable joint. And the interfacial reaction gradually became intense with the increase of CuO content, and the continuity of the Al2O3layer was disrupted as it was increased to 6 mol%. The well‐connected joints could be achieved when brazing at 970–1100°C with Ag–2CuO filler. The interfacial microstructure did not obviously change with increasing temperature, and the joint strength was stable at ∼35 MPa. While the interfacial reaction gradually weakened with increasing temperature as brazing with Ag–4CuO filler, the well‐connected joints were obtained when brazing above 1000°C, and the maximum shear strength of ∼44.3 MPa was obtained when brazing at 1050°C for 30 min.
Sibling absence and body mass index: From adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Lin Shengjie , Falbo Toni 
Published: February 2022

SummaryObjectivesTo examine if sibling absence is associated with higher BMI and to identify potential lifestyle factors underlying this effect; to determine if sibling effects on BMI persist into adulthood.MethodsWe used data from all five waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to study the sibling factors and BMI of 3,563 participants who were in grades 7‐12 at first wave (1994‐95). These participants were measured again in the second wave (1996), the third wave (2001‐2002), the fourth wave (2008‐2009), and most recently, the fifth wave (2016‐2018). We identified categories of siblings, comparing the BMI of those without siblings either to birth order or sibship size. BMI was calculated based on direct measurements of height and weight; underlying mechanisms were self‐reported.ResultsParticipants without siblings had significantly higher BMI than those with siblings, across waves, regardless of sibship size. Those without siblings had consistently higher BMI than middle‐born, but not last‐born participants. Adolescents without siblings reported eating fast food more frequently and spending more screen time.ConclusionsSibling absence is associated with higher BMI in adolescence and this difference persists into adulthood.
Clinical features and urodynamic findings in elderly men with chronic prostatitis
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Funahashi Yasuhito , Ishida Shohei , Naito Yushi , Yuba Takuma , Matsuo Kazuna , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the complication rate of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men with lower urinary tract symptoms, and to clarify their clinical features and urodynamic findings.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of treatment‐naïve men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients were divided into two groups (chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome + lower urinary tract symptoms and lower urinary tract symptoms only) according to the presence or absence of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and the patient characteristics as well as the parameters of lower urinary tract symptoms and lower urinary tract function assessed by urodynamics were compared. The diagnostic criteria for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome included a complaint of pelvic pain for ≥3 months, National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index pain subscore ≥4, and negative culture of a urine specimen collected after prostate massage.ResultsOut of 386 men, 123 (31.9%) had chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Parameters of lower urinary tract symptoms and National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scores were significantly higher in the chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome + lower urinary tract symptoms group. Although there were no significant intergroup differences in voiding parameters such as maximum flow rate and bladder outlet obstruction index, storage functions such as the incidence of detrusor overactivity and bladder compliance were significantly reduced in the chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome + lower urinary tract symptoms group. The multivariable regression analysis revealed that a low serum total testosterone level (<3.5 ng/mL), complications of hyperlipidemia, and presence of overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity were significantly associated with the development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.ConclusionsChronic prostatitis causes a significant decrease in storage function, such as an increase in detrusor overactivity. Additionally, low serum testosterone levels and hyperlipidemia were found to be significantly associated with the development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.
The relationship between peripheral immune response and disease severity in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected subjects: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Walter Laura Otto , Cardoso Chandra Chiappin , Santos‐Pirath Íris Mattos , Costa Heloisa Zorzi , Gartner Rafaela , Werle Isabel , Mohr Eduarda Talita Bramorski , da Rosa Julia Salvan , Felisberto Mariano , Kretzer Iara Fabricia , Masukawa Ivete Ioshiko , Vanny Patrícia de Almeida , Luiz Magali Chaves , de Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott , Santos‐Silva Maria Cláudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID‐19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty‐seven COVID‐19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID‐19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID‐19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL‐10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID‐19.
Increasing empathy for children in dental students using virtual reality
Authors: Hu Shijia , Lai Bien Wen Pui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) can be used to simulate the viewpoint of a child to allow dental students to experience what a child experiences during a dental visit.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of VR simulation on the empathy and comfort managing children among dental students.DesignSixty dental students experienced a VR scenario created for the study. Empathy levels were examined using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE). A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information on self‐perceived ability, comfort and impact of the intervention.ResultsThere was a significant (p = .004) increase (indicating greater empathy) in JSE scores between pre‐intervention (112.35 ± 9.34) and post‐intervention (117.64 ± 10.03), which returned to baseline 3 months later (112.72 ± 10.36). Dental students perceived themselves to be more confident at communicating (6.45 ± 1.64 vs. 5.75 ± 1.71, p = .011) and interacting (6.63 ± 1.44 vs. 6.00 ± 1.78, p = .046) with children after the intervention. All (100%) felt that the VR scenarios helped them better empathize with children. Only 30% revisited the scenario after the intervention, and they were significantly more likely (p < .001) to find it helpful for actual clinical sessions.ConclusionVirtual reality could be used to improve empathy, self‐perceived comfort and ability at managing children in dental students. Yet, they should be encouraged to revise using it to maintain this effect.
CD44/ERM/F‐actin complex mediates targeted nuclear degranulation and excessive neutrophil extracellular trap formation during sepsis
Authors: Shao Yiming , Li Linbin , Liu Lu , Yang Yunxi , Huang Jiamin , Ji Dongdong , Zhou Yuying , Chen Yi , Zhu Zhechen , Sun Bingwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and kill pathogens, but excessive NET release can damage the surrounding tissues. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) are thought to be important in promoting histone depolymerization and DNA breakage in the nucleus. However, the detailed path by which MPO and NE enter the nucleus is unknown. In the present study, we observed that delayed fusion of azurophilic granules with the nuclear membrane 15–20 min after extracellular degranulation in activated neutrophils. In a subsequent experiment, we further demonstrated that this fusion leads to MPO entry into the nucleus and promotes nuclear histone depolymerization and DNA breakage, a process called ‘targeted nuclear degranulation’. This process can be effectively inhibited by dexamethasone and accompanied by the continuous low levels of MPO in the nucleus after PMA stimulation. Meanwhile, we found that ‘targeted nuclear degranulation’ is dependent on the CD44 translocation and subsequent redistribution of CD44 / ERM (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) / F‐actin complexes, which guides the movement of azurophilic granules towards the nucleus. Application of ERM phosphorylation inhibitors and importin activity inhibitors significantly reduced the complexes formation and redistribution. Taken together, these findings indicate for the first time that delayed ‘targeted nuclear degranulation’ after neutrophil activation is a key mechanism of NET formation. CD44/ERM/F‐actin complex mediates this process, which providing targets with promising prospects for the precise regulation of NET formation.
Body size and sexual selection shaped the evolution of parrot calls
Authors: Marcolin Fabio , Cardoso Gonçalo C. , Bento Daniel , Reino Luís , Santana Joana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMorphology, habitat and various selective pressures (e.g. social and sexual selection) can influence the evolution of acoustic signals, but the relative importance of their effects is not well understood. The order Psittaciformes (parrots, sensu lato) is a large clade of very vocal and often gregarious species for which large‐scale comparative studies of vocalizations are lacking. We measured acoustic traits (duration, sound frequency, frequency bandwidth and sound entropy) of the predominant call type for >200 parrot species to test: (1) for associations with body size; (2) the acoustic adaptation hypothesis (AAH) (predicting differences between forest and open‐habitat species); (3) the social complexity hypothesis (predicting more complex calls in gregarious species) and (4) influences of sexual selection (predicting correlated evolution with colour ornamentation). Larger species had on average longer calls, lower sound frequency and wider frequency bandwidth. These associations with body size are all predicted by physical principles of sound production. We found no evidence for the acoustic adaptation and social complexity hypotheses, but perhaps social complexity is associated with vocal traits not studied here, such as call repertoire sizes. More sexually dichromatic species had on average simpler calls (shorter, with lower entropy and narrower frequency bandwidth) indicating an influence of sexual selection, namely an evolutionary negative correlation between colour ornamentation and elaborate acoustic signals, as predicted by the transference hypothesis. Our study is the first large‐scale attempt at understanding acoustic diversity across the Psittaciformes, and indicates that body size and sexual selection influenced the evolution of species differences in vocal signals.