bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and health‐status outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation detected via health screening
Authors: Yamashita Terumasa , Kimura Takehiro , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Niimi Nozomi , Tsuzuki Ippei , Seki Yuta , Ibe Susumu , Hashimoto Kenji , Miyama Hiroshi , Fujisawa Taishi , Katsumata Yoshinori , Tanimoto Kojiro , Nagami Keiichi , Suzuki Masahiro , Kohsaka Shun , Fukuda Keiichi , Takatsuki Seiji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is important. Japan has a universal screening system, and regular health screening (HS) is available to support AF detection without a hospital visit. However, health‐related outcomes and other characteristics of HS‐detected and conventionally diagnosed AF remain unknown.HypothesisThat the characteristics and health‐related outcomes of patients with HS‐detected AF may differ from those of patients whose AF was detected by other procedures.MethodsIn total, 3318 consecutive newly referred AF cases were enrolled; demographic characteristics and health‐related and clinical outcomes were compared between two groups created based on the mode of AF detection (the HS and non‐HS groups). Health‐related outcomes were assessed using the AF Effect on QualiTy‐of‐life (AFEQT) questionnaire at baseline and after 1 year of follow‐up.ResultsAF was detected by HS in 25.0% of patients; these patients had lower CHADS2 scores (1.01 vs. 1.50, p < .001), higher prevalence of persistent AF (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval; 2.21, 1.88–2.60) and asymptomatic presentation (3.19, 2.71–3.76), and better baseline QoL scores (83.6 vs. 75.0; p < .001). Catheter ablation was more frequently performed in the HS group at follow‐up (44.4% vs. 34.1%; p < .001). At 1‐year follow‐up, the AFEQT scores of the HS group were significantly better in most subdomains.ConclusionsIn the Japanese registry, AF was detected via HS in 25% of patients referred to specialty centers for management. Notably, the overall health status of patients with HS‐detected AF improved after medical interventions, including catheter ablations.
Effectiveness of immunological agents in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rekulapelli Akhil , E. Flausino Lucas , Iyer Gayatri , Balkrishnan Rajesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and aimNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to claim millions of lives worldwide. Although its poor prognosis is largely attributed to the lack of adequate and precise detection technologies, cancer cells’ suppression of the immune system adds on to the difficulty of identifying abnormal NSCLC tumors in their early stages. Therefore, cancer immunotherapy, which activates the immune system and helps it fight tumors, has recently become the most sought‐after technique, especially in the advanced stages of NSCLC, where surgery or chemotherapy may or may not bring about the desired survival benefits in patients.MethodsThis review focuses on the various immunotherapeutic interventions and their efficacy in advanced NSCLC clinical trials. Monoclonal antibodies like anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 agents and anti‐CTLA‐4 antibodies, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and adoptive T cell therapy have been discussed in brief. Furthermore, the effects of gender, age, and race on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and suggest plausible future approaches in the realm of immuno‐oncology.ResultsImmunotherapy is used alone or in combination either with other immunological agents or with chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of these strategies depends extensively on various demographic variables, as some patients respond perfectly well to immunotherapy, while others do not benefit at all or experience disease progression. By targeting a “hallmark” of cancer (immune evasion), immunotherapy has transformed NSCLC management, though several barriers prevent its complete effectiveness.ConclusionsAll these immunological strategies should be interpreted in the current setting of synergistic treatment, in which these agents can be combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and, or surgery following patient and tumor characteristics to proportionate the best‐individualized treatment and achieve superior results. To better pursue this goal, further investigations on cost‐effectiveness and sex‐gender, race, and age differences in immunotherapy are needed.
Dynamic cognitive maps for robot route planning in complex workplaces represented by abstract mazes
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdaptive path planning and optimization for robots are a persistent challenge due to the lack of a cognitive map of the complex and dynamic environments. This paper presents a cognitive‐map‐based method for dynamic robot path planning by a formal maze model for workplace layouts representation. The maze model and global path trees provide a cognitive map for the robot to aware the environment. A theory of dynamic Paths Finding and Optimization (PFO) is developed. Powered by the PFO algorithm, a robot is able to autonomously explore the optimal path in a complex workplace by a single sight‐read of its layout. The maze based PFO methodology provides robot for an efficient real time path cognition and optimization algorithm for dealing with dynamic workplaces. A set of experiments demonstrates the efficiency of the method, which extends traditional stepwise robot vision technologies to cognitive‐map‐driven global path optimization.
Progress of Metal Halide Perovskite Crystals From a Crystal Growth Point of View
Authors: Xu Jiayue , Ma Jian , Gu Yankai , Li Yang , Li Yasheng , Shen Hui , Zhang Zhijie , Ma Yunfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are demonstrated to show fascinating optical and electronic properties, including highly efficient luminescence, outstanding carrier transport behavior, and large light absorption coefficient. In particular, halide perovskite single crystals are characterized with superior optoelectronic performance and enhanced stability, emerging as competitive candidates for applications in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and high‐energy radiation detectors. Recently, remarkable advances have been achieved to grow perovskite single crystals, while there are also many challenges in the control of growth defects and further improvement of the crystal quality. Concerning these factors, recent progress of metal halide perovskite crystals from the view of crystal growth is systematically summarized. Moreover, some ongoing challenges and perspectives for halide perovskite crystals are also proposed, which will possibly provide deeper insight into the exploration of novel perovskite crystals and related devices.
A cotwin control study of associations between financial hardship and binge eating phenotypes during COVID‐19
Authors: Mikhail Megan E. , Ackerman Lindsay S. , Culbert Kristen M. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael C. , Keel Pamela K. , Katzman Debra K. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 was associated with significant financial hardship and increased binge eating (BE). However, it is largely unknown whether financial stressors contributed to BE during the pandemic. We used a longitudinal, cotwin control design that controls for genetic/environmental confounds by comparing twins in the same family to examine whether financial hardship during COVID‐19 was associated with BE.MethodsFemale twins (N = 158; Mage = 22.13) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry rated financial stressors (e.g., inability to afford necessities) daily for 49 consecutive days during COVID‐19. We first examined whether financial hardship was associated with BE phenotypes across the full sample. We then examined whether cotwins who differed on financial hardship also differed in BE.ResultsParticipants who experienced greater mean financial hardship across the study had significantly greater dimensional BE symptoms, and participants who experienced greater financial hardship on a given day reported significantly more emotional eating that day. These results were replicated in cotwin control analyses. Twins who experienced more financial hardship than their cotwin across the study reported greater dimensional BE symptoms than their cotwin, and participants who experienced more financial hardship than their cotwin on a given day reported greater emotional eating that day. Results were identical when restricting analyses to monozygotic twins, suggesting associations were not due to genetic confounds.ConclusionsResults suggest that BE‐related symptoms may be elevated in women who experienced financial hardship during COVID‐19 independent of potential genetic/environmental confounds. However, additional research in larger samples is needed.Public SignificanceLittle is known regarding how financial difficulties during the COVID‐19 pandemic may have contributed to increased binge eating (BE). We found preliminary evidence that financial hardship during COVID‐19 may be associated with greater rates of BE‐related symptoms even when comparing twins from the same family. While additional research is needed, results suggest that people who experienced financial hardship during COVID‐19 may be at increased risk for BE.
Spatial correlation reverses the compound effect of multiple stressors on rocky shore biofilm
Authors: Rindi Luca , He Jianyu , Benedetti‐Cecchi Lisandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how multifactorial fluctuating environments affect species and communities remains one of the major challenges in ecology. The spatial configuration of the environment is known to generate complex patterns of correlation among multiple stressors. However, to what extent the spatial correlation between simultaneously fluctuating variables affects ecological assemblages in real‐world conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we use field experiments and simulations to assess the influence of spatial correlation of two relevant climate variables – warming and sediment deposition following heavy precipitation – on the biomass and photosynthetic activity of rocky intertidal biofilm. First, we used a response‐surface design experiment to establish the relation between biofilm, warming, and sediment deposition in the field. Second, we used the response surface to generate predictions of biofilm performance under different scenarios of warming and sediment correlation. Finally, we tested the predicted outcomes by manipulating the degree of correlation between the two climate variables in a second field experiment. Simulations stemming from the experimentally derived response surface showed how the degree and direction (positive or negative) of spatial correlation between warming and sediment deposition ultimately determined the nonlinear response of biofilm biomass (but not photosynthetic activity) to fluctuating levels of the two climate variables. Experimental results corroborated these predictions, probing the buffering effect of negative spatial correlation against extreme levels of warming and sediment deposition. Together, these results indicate that consideration of nonlinear response functions and local‐scale patterns of correlation between climate drivers can improve our understanding and ability to predict ecological responses to multiple processes in heterogeneous environments.
Research on land‐use evolution and ecosystem services value response in mountainous counties based on the SD‐PLUS model
Authors: Li Yao , Li Jiulin , Chu Jinlong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRapid urbanization has caused changes in climate and environment and threatened the ecosystem with multiple risks. The ecosystem services capacity has shown a downward trend accordingly. It is significant to explore the spatio‐temporal evolution of land use and ecosystem services value (ESV) in mountainous counties at small scales, as it coordinates economic growth and ecological protection, and promotes sustainable and high‐quality development. Based on the SD‐PLUS model, the study simulated three scenarios of land‐use change in Qianshan city from 2019 to 2035: high‐growth rate, medium‐growth rate, and low‐growth rate, and studied the impacts of land‐use change on the ESV. Results showed that: (1) Under the three scenarios, the construction land in the study area increased significantly, the forest and water have a decreasing trend, and the scale of gardens partly increased. (2) In the urban built‐up areas, a significant amount of construction land is centrally expanded, whereas, in mountainous regions, construction land exhibits sporadic point expansion. And among the various factors that influence land‐use change, the impact of roads at all levels is the most significant, followed by elevation. (3) The overall ESV shows a downward trend, with the low‐growth rate scenario dropping the least (4.91%). The value distribution changes little at the space scale, and different regions demonstrate different degrees of change. From the perspective of value type, the service values of water conservation and waste treatment are significantly reduced, while that of food production is relatively stable; from the perspective of various lands with their ESV, cultivated land and forest remain stable. The study results can provide technical ideas for the coordinated economic development and ecological protection of mountainous cities and boost the implementation of green development.
A possible genomic footprint of polygenic adaptation on population divergence in seed beetles?
Authors: Arnqvist Göran , Sayadi Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEfforts to unravel the genomic basis of incipient speciation are hampered by a mismatch between our toolkit and our understanding of the ecology and genetics of adaptation. While the former is focused on detecting selective sweeps involving few independently acting or linked speciation genes, the latter states that divergence typically occurs in polygenic traits under stabilizing selection. Here, we ask whether a role of stabilizing selection on polygenic traits in population divergence may be unveiled by using a phenotypically informed integrative approach, based on genome‐wide variation segregating in divergent populations. We compare three divergent populations of seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) where previous work has demonstrated a prominent role for stabilizing selection on, and population divergence in, key life history traits that reflect rate‐dependent metabolic processes. We derive and assess predictions regarding the expected pattern of covariation between genetic variation segregating within populations and genetic differentiation between populations. Population differentiation was considerable (mean FST = 0.23–0.26) and was primarily built by genes showing high selective constraints and an imbalance in inferred selection in different populations (positive Tajima's DNS in one and negative in one), and this set of genes was enriched with genes with a metabolic function. Repeatability of relative population differentiation was low at the level of individual genes but higher at the level of broad functional classes, again spotlighting metabolic genes. Absolute differentiation (dXY) showed a very different general pattern at this scale of divergence, more consistent with an important role for genetic drift. Although our exploration is consistent with stabilizing selection on polygenic metabolic phenotypes as an important engine of genome‐wide relative population divergence and incipient speciation in our study system, we note that it is exceedingly difficult to firmly exclude other scenarios.
Including a spatial predictive process in band recovery models improves inference for Lincoln estimates of animal abundance
Authors: Gonnerman Matthew , Linden Daniel W. , Shea Stephanie A. , Sullivan Kelsey , Kamath Pauline , Blomberg Erik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbundance estimation is a critical component of conservation planning, particularly for exploited species where managers set regulations to restrict harvest based on current population size. An increasingly common approach for abundance estimation is through integrated population modeling (IPM), which uses multiple data sources in a joint likelihood to estimate abundance and additional demographic parameters. Lincoln estimators are one commonly used IPM component for harvested species, which combine information on the rate and total number of individuals harvested within an integrated band‐recovery framework to estimate abundance at large scales. A major assumption of the Lincoln estimator is that banding and recoveries are representative of the whole population, which may be violated if major sources of spatial heterogeneity in survival or harvest rates are not incorporated into the model. We developed an approach to account for spatial variation in harvest rates using a spatial predictive process, which we incorporated into a Lincoln estimator IPM. We simulated data under different configurations of sample sizes, harvest rates, and sources of spatial heterogeneity in harvest rate to assess potential model bias in parameter estimates. We then applied the model to data collected from a field study of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) to estimate local and statewide abundance in Maine, USA. We found that the band recovery model that incorporated a spatial predictive process consistently provided estimates of adult and juvenile abundance with low bias across a variety of spatial configurations of harvest rate and sampling intensities. When applied to data collected on wild turkeys, a model that did not incorporate spatial heterogeneity underestimated the harvest rate in some subregions. Consistent with simulation results, this led to overestimation of both local and statewide abundance. Our work demonstrates that a spatial predictive process is a viable mechanism to account for spatial variation in harvest rates and limit bias in abundance estimates. This approach could be extended to large‐scale band recovery data sets and has applicability for the estimation of population parameters in other ecological models as well.
Extremely divergent COI sequences within an amphipod species complex: A possible role for endosymbionts?
Authors: Park Eunji , Poulin Robert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSome heritable endosymbionts can affect host mtDNA evolution in various ways. Amphipods host diverse endosymbionts, but whether their mtDNA has been influenced by these endosymbionts has yet to be considered. Here, we investigated the role of endosymbionts (microsporidians and Rickettsia) in explaining highly divergent COI sequences in Paracalliope fluviatilis species complex, the most common freshwater amphipods in New Zealand. We first contrasted phylogeographic patterns using COI, ITS, and 28S sequences. While molecular species delimitation methods based on 28S sequences supported 3–4 potential species (N, C, SA, and SB) among freshwater lineages, COI sequences supported 17–27 putative species reflecting high inter‐population divergence. The deep divergence between NC and S lineages (~20%; 28S) and the substitution saturation on the 3rd codon position of COI detected even within one lineage (SA) indicate a very high level of morphological stasis. Interestingly, individuals infected and uninfected by Rickettsia comprised divergent COI lineages in one of four populations tested, suggesting a potential influence of endosymbionts in mtDNA patterns. We propose several plausible explanations for divergent COI lineages, although they would need further testing with multiple lines of evidence. Lastly, due to common morphological stasis and the presence of endosymbionts, phylogeographic patterns of amphipods based on mtDNA should be interpreted with caution.
Novel food resources and conservation of ecological interactions between the Andean Araucaria and the Austral parakeet
Authors: Blanco Guillermo , Romero‐Vidal Pedro , Tella José L. , Hiraldo Fernando 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn fragile ecosystems, the introduction of exotic species could alter some ecological processes. The Austral parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineous) shows close ecological and evolutionary relationships with the Andean Araucaria (Araucaria araucana), so any alteration in these interactions may have negative consequences for both partners and for ecosystem functioning and structure. We conducted extensive roadside surveys to estimate the abundance of parakeets in the northern Patagonian Andes over 4 years and recorded the food plants consumed by foraging flocks. The use of native habitats and humanized areas like villages and farms was influenced by the Araucaria seed crop. In masting years, the large seed crop allowed a massive use of this resource during the non‐breeding season, and even during the breeding season. The exploitation of exotic plants was minor in the masting year, but became predominant in non‐masting years, especially during the non‐breeding season. This feeding switch towards exotic plants primarily arose because the low Araucaria seed crop in non‐masting years is entirely consumed just after production by domestic and wild exotic mammals living in Araucaria forests year‐round, thus forcing the displacement of parakeets towards anthropic habitats to exploit exotic plants. Given the degradation of the remaining Andean Araucaria forests due to the impact of exotic mammals on the ecological interaction between Araucaria and Austral parakeets, ambitious programs to exclude or reduce the density of these alien mammals, including livestock, are warranted.
Effects of exogenous melatonin on the growth and cadmium accumulation of lettuce under cadmium‐stress conditions
Authors: Tang Wen , Liang Le , Li Rulong , Xie Yongdong , Li Xiaomei , Li Huanxiu , Lin Lijin , Huang Zhi , Sun Bo , Sun Guochao , Tu Lihua , Tang Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMelatonin (MT) is a signaling molecule that is widely present in plants and can help them resist abiotic stresses. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of exogenous MT on the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under cadmium stress (50 μmol/L) were investigated. Based on their Cd accumulation differences, the “Hong Feng” and “Luo Ma” lettuce cultivars were selected as research materials. The results showed that different concentrations of MT could promote the growth of lettuce under 50 μmol/L cadmium stress. The application of exogenous melatonin can significantly increase the plant height, biomass, chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar content of lettuce, and increase the net photosynthetic rate. MT could also reduce the malondialdehyde content in lettuce under cadmium stress and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities. After treatment with different concentrations of MT, the Cd content in the shoots of both cultivars significantly decreased; in contrast, the Cd content in the roots was significantly increased, which limited the transport of Cd from underground to the shoots. In addition, both Cd stress and exogenous MT induced the synthesis of endogenous MT, and 50 μmol/L MT treatment most effectively induced this response. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MT could alleviate the negative effects of Cd stress on lettuce with different Cd accumulation differences in terms of physiological indicators. Therefore, it provides a certain reference for the potential of MT to be applied to crops threatened by heavy metals.