bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future is Green. Integrating Green and Blue Space Data from European Urban Atlas into UK Biobank
Authors: Geneshka Mariya , McClean Colin J , Gilbody Simon , Cruz Joana , Coventry Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGreen and blue spaces can promote good physical and mental health and prevent the development of long-term conditions. Evidence suggests that not all green spaces affect health equally, and that certain types and properties of green spaces are stronger predictors of health than others. However, research into the causal mechanisms is limited in large cohorts due to lack of objective and comparable data on green space type, accessibility, and usage.MethodsWe used data from Urban Atlas to compute measures of urban park accessibility, street trees availability, and total green and blue space availability for 300,000 UK Biobank participants. Exposure metrics were computed using circular buffers with radii of 100 m to 3000 m. Pearson correlation coefficients and other descriptive statistical parameters were used to test agreement between variables and explore the utility of indictors in capturing different types of green spaces.ResultsStrong positive correlations were observed between variables of the same indicator with different buffer sizes. The presence of park and proportion of street tree canopy variables were negatively correlated with amount of total green space variables. This signifies distinct differences in type of green spaces captured by these variables.ConclusionsOverall, five distinct indicators of park accessibility, street trees availability, and total green and blue space availability have been integrated into a large sample of the UK Biobank. Our method is replicable to settings across Europe and facilitates evidence-based research on the roles of different green and blue spaces in health promotion and ill-health prevention.Key MessagesDifferent types of green spaces and their position in the neighbourhood can promote and protect health by mitigating pollution and increasing physical activity and socialisation.We present the methods of constructing and linking data on urban green spaces, street trees and natural vegetation into a large health cohort, the UK Biobank.The ability to distinguish between types of green spaces and their intended use can help inform public health interventions, influence urban policy, and aid urban planning in building sustainable and healthy cities.Our methods are transferable and will allow others to explore the links between environment and health in UK Biobank and other health cohorts.
Bounding the average causal effect in Mendelian randomization studies with multiple proposed instruments: An application to prenatal alcohol exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Diemer Elizabeth W , Havdahl Alexandra , Andreassen Ole A , Munafò Marcus R , Njolstad Pal R , Tiemeier Henning , Zuccolo Luisa , Swanson Sonja A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoint estimation in Mendelian randomization (MR), an instrumental variable model, usually requires strong homogeneity assumptions beyond the core instrumental conditions. Bounding, which does not require homogeneity assumptions, is infrequently applied in MR.ObjectiveWe aimed to demonstrate computing nonparametric bounds for the causal risk difference derived from multiple proposed instruments in an MR study where effect heterogeneity is expected,MethodsUsing data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=4457, 6216) to study the average causal effect of maternal pregnancy alcohol use on offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, we proposed 11 maternal SNPs as instruments. We computed bounds assuming subsets of SNPs were jointly valid instruments, for all combinations of SNPs where the MR model was not falsified.ResultsThe MR assumptions were violated for all sets with more than 4 SNPs in one cohort and for all sets with more than 2 SNPs in the other. Bounds assuming one SNP was an individually valid instrument barely improved on assumption-free bounds. Bounds tightened as more SNPs were assumed to be jointly valid instruments, and occasionally identified directions of effect, though bounds from different sets varied.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, when proposing multiple instruments, bounds can contextualize plausible magnitudes and directions of effects. Computing bounds over multiple assumption sets underscores the importance of evaluating the assumptions of MR models.SynopsisStudy questionDo nonparametric bounds provide useful information in the context of MR studies of prenatal exposures with multiple proposed genetic instruments?What’s already knownPoint estimation in MR typically requires strong, unverifiable homogeneity assumptions beyond the core MR assumptions. Bounds, which do not require homogeneity assumptions, are rarely applied in MR.What this study addsWe computed bounds on the average causal effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on offspring ADHD symptoms in two European cohorts, proposing 11 genetic variants as instruments. Our results suggest that, when proposing multiple instruments, bounds can contextualize plausible magnitudes and directions of effects.
Measles Burden Estimation Using Local Gaussian Process Classifiers
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Lan Zhou , Ferrari Matthew , Haran Murali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeasles is a highly contagious viral disease and remains a severe public health problem. Monitoring measles cases provides a powerful tool to identify outbreaks and epidemics. However, burden estimates of measles are challenging to obtain because of heterogeneous surveillance systems and a lack of resources for rapid laboratory tests means that many cases are reported based on symptoms alone, which has low specificity. We consider diagnostically confirmed measles case data in Ethiopia between 2009 and 2017 and propose a local Gaussian process binary classifier with spatial dependence to provide case predictions for untested individuals based on age, vaccination status, and location. By applying our modeling framework to untested suspected reported cases, we provide more accurate burden estimates at the district level. We validate our methods through simulation studies. We also find that our approach, which provides burden estimates at the district level, highlights temporal variation in the specificity of symptom-based diagnosis.
Oxylipins and the Surgical Classification of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Alotaibi Mona , Fernandes Timothy , Tang Amber , Kerr Kim , Morris Timothy , Malhotra Atul , Yuan Jason X-Y. , Pretorius Victor , Madani Michael , Watrous Jeramie D. , Long Tao , Pauciulo Michael W. , Nicholls William C. , Jain Mohit , Cheng Susan , Kim Nick 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTSurgically accessible lesions of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are classified as proximal or distal based on the distribution of thrombus burden in the pulmonary vasculature post operatively. Surgically accessible distal CTEPH lesions typically has a higher risk profile and worse clinical outcomes in less experienced centers, but the underlying molecular differences between proximal and distal CTEPH lesions remain unknown. Oxylipins, a diverse group of bioactive lipid mediators, have previously been implicated in a range of disorders including pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, we sought to characterize oxylipin profiles among patients with proximal and distal operable CTEPH lesions, as well as those with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We studied 271 patients with proximal operable CTEPH (n=123), distal operable CTEPH (n=74), or IPAH (n=74). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze oxylipin profiles in each patient. We found that patients with distal operable CTEPH had elevated levels of proinflammatory oxylipins while those with proximal CTEPH had an increase in procoagulant oxylipins. Notably, the proinflammatory oxylipins elevated in distal operable CTEPH were similarly elevated in IPAH. These findings suggest that distal operable and proximal CTEPH represent heterogenous disease processes. Furthermore, oxylipin profiles may be useful for potential risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in CTEPH.
NMDA receptor misalignment in iPSC-derived neurons from a multi-generational family with inherited Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Authors: Le Nhat T.T. , Mercer Robert C.C. , Gojanovich Aldana D. , Anane Alice , Park Seonmi , Wu Bei , Bawa Pushpinder S. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Mostoslavsky Gustavo , Harris David A. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe most common subtype of genetic prion disease is caused by the E200K mutation of the prion protein. We have obtained samples from 22 members of a multi-generational Israeli family harboring this mutation, and generated a library of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) representing nine carriers and four non-carriers. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on all individuals. A comparison of neurons derived from E200K iPSCs to those from non-carriers revealed the presence of several disease-relevant phenotypes. Neurons from E200K carriers were found to contain thioflavin S-positive accumulations of PrP in their cell bodies. In addition, these neurons displayed disruptions of NMDA receptor/PSD95 co-localization at postsynaptic sites. Our study shows that iPSC-derived neurons, which express physiologically relevant levels of mutant PrP in a human neuronal context, can model certain aspects of human prion disease, offering a powerful platform for investigating pathological mechanisms and testing potential therapeutics.
Breathing dysfunction and alveolar damage in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Goh Min-Jee , Deering-Rice Cassandra E. , Nguyen Jacklyn , Duyvesteyn Evalien , Venosa Alessandro , Reilly Christopher A. , Metcalf Cameron S. 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYObjectiveThe incidence of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is especially high in those with Dravet syndrome (DS). Risk factors have been identified, but the mechanism(s) by which death occurs is not fully understood. Evidence supports ventilatory dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SUDEP. Understanding specific respiratory patterns present at baseline and after seizures at different ages, as well as the health of lung tissue, will allow us to better understand how sudden death occurs in this population.MethodsWhole body plethysmography (WBP) was used to monitor respiration before and after electrically induced seizure in the Scn1aA1783V/WT mouse model of DS weekly for a period of four weeks. Following the four-week WBP study, lungs from surviving animals were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Weigert’s elastin and the density of tissue and elastin were analyzed.ResultsBreathing was diminished in the DS mouse at baseline and following evoked seizures in younger aged mice (P18-P24), consistent with prolonged post-ictal inspiratory time and low respiratory drive compared to the response seen in older animals. In older DS mice, consisting of those that have survived a critical period for mortality, the response to seizure was more robust and included higher respiratory drive, peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rates, tidal and expiratory volumes, and breathing frequency compared to wild-type and relative to baseline. Alveolar damage was also observed in P46-P52 DS mice.SignificanceDifferences in specific respiratory parameters in younger DS animals, during the time when mortality is greatest, compared to older DS animals (i.e. those that have survived the critical period) may allow us to better understand respiratory differences contributing to SUDEP. Lung tissue damage in DS may also contribute to respiratory dysfunction in SUDEP.KEY POINTSBaseline respiration is diminished in DS mice compared to wild type.Electrically induced seizure produced a different respiratory response in younger DS mouse compared to older DS animals.Alveolar septal damage is present in DS mice.Baseline and post-ictal breathing dysfunction and inefficient oxygenation and CO2 clearance likely potentiated by lung damage may serve as a potential mechanism by which SUDEP occurs in DS.
Analysis of organelle content supports a membrane budding model of platelet biogenesis
Authors: Terreaux Antoine F. , Farley Alison M. , Biben Christine , Stonehouse Oliva , Taoudi Samir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how in vivo platelet biogenesis is undertaken is critical to making on-demand platelet production for clinical use feasible. We recently described the discovery of plasma membrane budding as a major in vivo platelet-producing pathway. In vitro recapitulation of this finding could pave the way towards efficient laboratory-based platelet production.The plausibility of the plasma membrane budding model has been called into question. The foundation of this is the contention that the size and payload composition of plasma membrane buds are not consistent with bona fide platelets. Thus, membrane buds likely represent stages in megakaryocyte-derived microparticle formation.Using 3D super-resolution imaging, we have performed a quantitative comparison of size and organelle content of plasma membrane buds, platelets, and microparticles in the adult mouse bone marrow. We unequivocally demonstrate that the structures we previously described as membrane buds exhibit the same size range as free platelets, that all buds contain organelles, and that membrane buds and free platelets contained an equivalent number of organelles. Crucially, membrane buds and microparticles are completely distinct from each other. To prevent future confusion between the processes of microparticle formation and platelet biogenesis, we propose using the more specific term “pre-platelet membrane buds”.
Impact of managerial power on enterprise innovation performance: the mediating roles of financing constraints and strategic orientation
Authors: Huo Mengjun , Li Chao 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to explore the specific relationship between managerial power and enterprise innovation performance. Combined with managerial power theory and stewardship theory, financing constraints and strategic orientation, including, strategic market orientation and strategic technology orientation are included in the analysis framework to test how managerial power influences enterprise innovation performance in detail from the perspective of enterprise internal influence mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen covering the period from 2001 to 2017, this paper uses the ordinary least square method (OLS) to explore how managerial power affects enterprise innovation performance.

Findings
The results show that managerial power has a positive impact on enterprise innovation performance. Furthermore, the authors find that financing constraints, strategic market orientation and strategic technology orientation all have partial mediating effects in the relationship between managerial power and enterprise innovation performance.

Originality/value
This paper verifies the application of managerial power theory and stewardship theory in the relationship between managerial power and enterprise innovation performance in Chinese A-share listed companies, contributing to the literature on enterprise innovation. Moreover, by introducing the mediating mechanisms of financing constraints, strategic market orientation and strategic technology orientation, this paper builds an effective path for in-depth study to analyze how managerial power influences enterprise innovation performance and finds ways to improve enterprise innovation performance from the inside view of the enterprise.
Effectiveness of academic institutional models in Europe: university instructor perception case research from Bosnia and Herzegovina and France
Authors: Goncharuk Anatoliy G. , Cirella Giuseppe T. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study is to explore the perception of existing academic institutional models through the lens of individual university teacher assessment scores and add knowledge base to the root causes of the effectiveness level of higher educational models between Eastern and Western European universities. The research utilizes higher education instructor performance by exploring positive and negative outcomes from both models.Design/methodology/approachThis mixed methods study is based on 195 questionnaires in conjunction with 42 in-depth interviews of early-stage university teachers, associate professors, and senior university instructors (i.e. full professors) from the University of Banja Luka (UBL), Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Paris Diderot University (UP7), Paris, France. Key performance indicators are calculated in piecing together the existing institutional models to elucidate the opportunities and challenges university instructors face at these institutions. A scoping literature review that examined an East-West European divide was also conducted to add weight to the research.FindingsResults indicate the UBL model is considered mostly ineffective while the UP7 model showed signs of ineffectiveness. An East-West divide that exists in European universities was deduced through additional literature, and cohesion-based practices may be needed to truncate model differences as a result of the East's lack of academic freedom.Originality/valueThe research demonstrated important recommendations for academic institutional models by immediately signaling a need to open up the level of creativity of their instructors (i.e. the idea that university teaching is a creative profession that requisites a certain level of academic freedom). The research examined university concern – morally and financially – and weighed in on university instructors' options of abandoning university instructors' workplace in search of working in a prosperous Western country.
Understanding policy framework for slum governance in a developing country
Authors: Nkrumah Agyabeng Anthony , Nyigmah Bawole Justice , Ahenkan Albert , Mensah James Kwame , Preko Alexander 
Published: May 2022

PurposeSlum discourse has attracted significant research interest among scholars. The study examined the policy framework for slum governance in Ghana with the goal of offering recommendations to structure slum management.Design/methodology/approachAnchored on exploratory qualitative methodology, the study utilized a purposive sampling technique to select 18 respondents from the major ministries for in-depth interviews.FindingsThe results showed an absence of a central national policy for slum governance because slums development has received less national priority. It also revealed a lack of coordination among the sector ministries in policy formulation, which tends to create a blame game among them. Further, it was found that slum programs are driven by media-political and non-governmental actors.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusion and the outcome of this study cannot be generalized as to represent the whole ministries in Ghana in the space of slums management due to the qualitative approach. A recommendation is offered for the creation of a separate authority to take charge of the slums in Ghana.Practical implicationsThis study elucidates a context-specific understanding of the policy framework for slum governance, which tends to shape public knowledge and policy landscape.Originality/valueAs a novelty, the findings of the study advanced the sparse literature in the domain and, at the same time, helped politicians and policymakers understand the need for a dedicated policy for slums.
A typology of omnichannel retailer activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cocco Helen , De-Juan-Vigaray María D. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis paper develops a typology of omnichannel retailer activities and corresponding customer responses during a rapidly changing external coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic environment, to contribute towards academic research on omnichannel strategies and to assist retailers when making future investment and resource decisions.Design/methodology/approachImplementing a dual desk research process, the authors carry out a document review of 61 retailers operating globally and connected customer reviews and categorise them using a content analysis.FindingsThe findings show that retailers employ a multitude of new omnichannel strategies during a pandemic and implement new or upgraded cross-channel services. Customer data show that delivery and customer service issues largely persist. The authors divide retailer actions and microfoundations into five broad categories and present a typology of strategic retailer activities and customer responses.Originality/valueThis research presents insights into omnichannel strategies from both a retailer and customer perspective, and offers guidance on improving the implementation of future omnichannel strategies.
Understanding participation in non-farm activities in rural Sudan: across-sector study of irrigated and rainfed agricultural systems
Authors: Ebaidalla Ebaidalla M. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis paper examines the determinants of participation in non-farm activities in rural Sudan. It also investigates whether the factors that influence participation in non-farm activities vary across agriculture sub-sectors.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts the multinomial logit and probit methods on labour supply participation theory using the Sudanese National Baseline Household Survey (2009). The analysis was applied across job types and agriculture sub-sectors.FindingsThe results indicated that educational level, means of transportation, lack of land and access to formal agricultural credit are the most significant factors that push rural farmers to participate in non-farm activities. Surprisingly, the effect of household income was positive and significant, implying that individuals from rich households have higher opportunity to engage in non-farm activities compared to their poor counterparts. The results also revealed some variations in the factors that influence participation in non-farm activities according to the agricultural sub-sectors.Originality/valueThe originality of this article lies in investigating the factors that influence participation in non-farm activities across irrigated and rainfed systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study identifying the determinants of participation in non-farm activities across agriculture sub-sectors. Therefore, the paper fills an important gap in the literature and helps in designing appropriate pro-poor policies to allocate infrastructures across irrigated and rainfed areas in Sudan.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2022-0092.