bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shielding device for endoscopic procedures during lower gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Ariyoshi Daiki , Suzuki Yugo , Ochiai Yorinari , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Tanaka Masami , Morishima Tetsuya , Kimura Keita , Ezawa Hiroshi , Nakagawa Sanae , Iwamoto Risa , Matsuwaki Yoshinori , Hoteya Shu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe coronavirus pandemic significantly impacted endoscopic practice. During lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, infectious substances disseminate; therefore, we developed an infection control device (STEP‐L) for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and examined its usefulness.MethodsSTEP‐L wraps around the patient's buttocks and covers the endoscope. Using lower endoscopy training models, three endoscopists performed 18 colonoscopies with STEP‐L (group S) and without (group C). Endoscopic insertion time and pigmented areas of ​​gloves and diapers after the examination were compared between both groups.ResultsInsertion of the endoscope up to the cecum was possible in all 18 examinations. The insertion time to the cecum was 52.4 ± 19.0 s in group S and 53.9 ± 13.3 s in group C. The pigmented areas of the ​​gloves measured 39,108.0 ± 16,155.3 pixels in group C, but were significantly reduced to 2610.5 ± 4333.8 pixels in group S (p < 0.05). The pigmented areas of the diapers measured 2280.9 ± 3285.2 pixels in group C, but were significantly reduced to 138.0 ± 82.9 pixels in group S (p < 0.05).ConclusionsUsing STEP‐L does not change the insertion time, and is technically feasible. STEP‐L significantly reduces the adhesion of virtual pollutants to the surroundings, suggesting that this device is useful for infection control during lower gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Impact of maternal physical exercise on inflammatory and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis markers in the brain and lungs of prenatally stressed neonatal mice
Authors: da Costa Mariana Severo , Luft Carolina , Sbruzzi Mariana , de Oliveira Jarbas Rodrigues , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal exercise on alterations induced by prenatal stress in markers of the inflammatory process and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the brain and lungs of neonatal mice. Female Balb/c mice were divided into three groups: control, prenatal restraint stress, prenatal restraint stress and physical exercise before and during the gestational period. On day 0 (PND0) and 10 (PND10), mice were euthanized for brain and lung analyses. The gene expression of GR, MR, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF in the brain and lungs and the protein expression of MMP‐2 in the lungs were analyzed. Maternal exercise reduced IL‐6 and IL‐10 gene expression in the brain of PND0 mice. Prenatal stress and maternal exercise decreased GR, MR, IL‐6, and TNF gene expression in the lungs of PND0 mice. In the hippocampus of PND10 females, exercise inhibited the effects of prenatal stress on the expression of MR, IL‐6, and IL‐10. In the lungs of PND10 females, exercise prevented the decrease in GR expression caused by prenatal stress. In the hippocampus and lungs of PND10 males, prenatal stress decreased GR gene expression. Our findings confirm the effects induced by prenatal stress and demonstrate that physical exercise before and during the gestational period may have a protective role on inflammatory changes.
Making sense of multivariate community responses in global change experiments
Authors: Avolio Meghan L. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Koerner Sally E. , Grman Emily , Isbell Forest , Johnson David S. , Wilcox Kevin R. , Alatalo Juha M. , Baldwin Andrew H. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Britton Andrea J. , Foster Bryan L. , Harmens Harry , Kern Christel C. , Li Wei , McLaren Jennie R. , Reich Peter B. , Souza Lara , Yu Qiang , Zhang Yunhai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcological communities are being impacted by global change worldwide. Experiments are a powerful tool to understand how global change will impact communities by comparing control and treatment replicates. Communities consist of multiple species, and their associated abundances make multivariate methods an effective approach to study community compositional differences between control and treated replicates. Dissimilarity metrics are a commonly employed multivariate measure of compositional differences; however, while highly informative, dissimilarity metrics do not elucidate the specific ways in which communities differ. Integrating two multivariate methods, dissimilarity metrics and rank abundance curves (RACs), have the potential to detect complex differences based on dissimilarity metrics and detail the how these differences came about through differences in richness, evenness, species ranks, or species identity. Here we use a database of 106 global change experiments located in herbaceous ecosystems and explore how patterns of ordinations based on dissimilarity metrics relate to RAC‐based differences. We find that combining dissimilarity metrics alongside RAC‐based measures clarifies how global change treatments are altering communities. We find that when there is no difference in community composition (no distance between centroids of control and treated replicates), there are rarely differences in species ranks or species identities and more often differences in richness or evenness alone. In contrast, when there are differences between centroids of control and treated replicates, this is most often associated with differences in ranks either alone or co‐occurring with differences in richness, evenness, or species identities. We suggest that integrating these two multivariate measures of community composition results in a deeper understanding of how global change impacts communities.
Towards probabilistic seismic performance of vehicle‐bridge interaction systems: From stochastic dynamic model to fragility analysis
Authors: Yuan Peng , Dong You , Feng Ruiwei , Frangopol Dan M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the seismic fragility of vehicle‐bridge‐interaction (VBI) systems considering the effects of vehicle types, traffic conditions, and road surface qualities. A stochastic nonlinear mechanical model for the earthquake‐VBI system is developed, and the fragility functions for the proposed VBI model are derived by considering the relevant probabilistic seismic demand parameters. On the basis of a typical four‐span continuous prestressed concrete highway bridge in China, a complete numerical model for the VBI system is built considering multiple uncertainties from bridge and vehicle parameters, as well as the road surface qualities. A total of 120 real ground motion records with different combinations of magnitude‐source‐to‐site distance (M‐R) and earthquake intensity characteristics are selected. Meanwhile, 80 scenarios in terms of different combinations of vehicle types, vehicle speeds, and road surface irregularities are defined. In this context, 96,000 nonlinear time‐history analyses are performed, and the developed fragility models are applied to the VBI system at both component and system levels. Results indicate that the fragilities of pier drift, bearing shear strain, and the overall VBI system increase with the increase of the vehicle weight or the decrease of the vehicle speed, while the vertical deck displacement is dominated by the vehicle weight. It is also found that the road surface quality has a negligible effect on both component and system fragilities.
Cross‐wavelet analysis of coherent wind and saltation events
Authors: Ellis Jean T. , Sherman Douglas J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents high‐resolution field measurements of the wind and saltation fields using miniphones and anemometers located 20–40 mm apart (bed‐parallel) and 10–40 mm above the bed. The average wind speeds at the Shoalhaven Heads, Australia and the Jericoacoara, Brazil field sites are both 4.4 m s−1, and the average saltation rates are 5.0 and 22.2 counts/mm2 s−1, respectively. Normalized cross‐covariance analysis between the wind and saltation time series indicates a dominant saltation response time of 0 s. Cross‐wavelet analysis focusing on short‐duration events characterizes statistically significant wind–sand events and intervals. In the high aeolian saltation rate environment (Brazil), the events and intervals averaged 1.9 and 12.2 s. The low transport environment (Australia) resulted in 2.1 s events and 10.8 s intervals. This study demonstrates that wind–sand events occur about 15% of the time but account for about 23% of the sand transport. These results were possible because of the presentation of a wavelet‐derived event time series. The criticality of tightly controlled field experiments to measure coincident wind and saltation fluctuations with co‐located sensors was demonstrated. This paper emphasizes the importance of the contribution of saltation events to time‐averaged transport rates, which influences sediment flux modelling.
Distinguishing apathy and depression in older adults with mild cognitive impairment using text, audio, and video based on multiclass classification and shapely additive explanations
Authors: Zhou Ying , Yao Xiuyu , Han Wei , Wang Yidan , Li Zheng , Li Yingxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a classification model to detect and distinguish apathy and depression based on text, audio, and video features and to make use of the shapely additive explanations (SHAP) toolkit to increase the model interpretability.MethodsSubjective scales and objective experiments were conducted on 319 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients to measure apathy and depression. The MCI patients were classified into four groups, depression only, apathy only, depressed‐apathetic, and the normal group. Speech, facial and text features were extracted using the open‐source data analysis toolkits. Multiclass classification and SHAP toolkits were used to develop a classification model and explain the contribution of specific features.ResultsThe macro‐averaged f1 score and accuracy for overall model were 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. The accuracy for the apathetic, depressed, depressed‐apathetic, and normal groups were 0.98, 0.88, 0.93, and 0.82, respectively. The SHAP toolkit identified speech features (Mel‐frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) 4, spectral slopes, F0, F1), facial features (action unit (AU) 14, 26, 28, 45), and text feature (text 6 semantic) associated with apathy. Meanwhile, speech features (spectral slopes, shimmer, F0) and facial expression (AU 2, 6, 7, 10, 14, 26, 45) were associated with depression. Apart from the shared features mentioned above, new speech (MFCC 2, loudness) and facial (AU 9) features were observed in the depressive‐apathetic group.ConclusionsApathy and depression shared some verbal and facial features while also exhibited distinct features. A combination of text, audio, and video could be used to improve the early detection and differential diagnosis of apathy and depression in MCI patients.
Individual functional parcellation revealed compensation of dynamic limbic network organization in healthy ageing
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Shi Zhongyan , Zhang Jian , Wang Kexin , Li Yuanhao , Pei Guangying , Wang Li , Wu Jinglong , Yan Tianyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing group‐level functional parcellations and constant‐length sliding window analysis, dynamic functional connectivity studies have revealed network‐specific impairment and compensation in healthy ageing. However, functional parcellation and dynamic time windows vary across individuals; individual‐level ageing‐related brain dynamics are uncertain. Here, we performed individual parcellation and individual‐length sliding window clustering to characterize ageing‐related dynamic network changes. Healthy participants (n = 637, 18–88 years) from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience dataset were included. An individual seven‐network parcellation, varied from group‐level parcellation, was mapped for each participant. For each network, strong and weak cognitive brain states were revealed by individual‐length sliding window clustering and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed negative linear correlations between age and change ratios of sizes in the default mode, frontoparietal, and salience networks and a positive linear correlation between age and change ratios of size in the limbic network (LN). With increasing age, the occurrence and dwell time of strong states showed inverted U‐shaped patterns or a linear decreasing pattern in most networks but showed a linear increasing pattern in the LN. Overall, this study reveals a compensative increase in emotional networks (i.e., the LN) and a decline in cognitive and primary sensory networks in healthy ageing. These findings may provide insights into network‐specific and individual‐level targeting during neuromodulation in ageing and ageing‐related diseases.
Is HLA type a possible cancer risk modifier in Lynch syndrome?
Authors: Ahadova Aysel , Witt Johannes , Haupt Saskia , Gallon Richard , Hüneburg Robert , Nattermann Jacob , ten Broeke Sanne , Bohaumilitzky Lena , Hernandez‐Sanchez Alejandro , Santibanez‐Koref Mauro , Jackson Michael S. , Ahtiainen Maarit , Pylvänäinen Kirsi , Andini Katarina , Grolmusz Vince Kornel , Möslein Gabriela , Dominguez‐Valentin Mev , Møller Pål , Fürst Daniel , Sijmons Rolf , Borthwick Gillian M. , Burn John , Mecklin Jukka‐Pekka , Heuveline Vincent , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Seppälä Toni , Kloor Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS) is the most common inherited cancer syndrome. It is inherited via a monoallelic germline variant in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. LS carriers have a broad 30% to 80% risk of developing various malignancies, and more precise, individual risk estimations would be of high clinical value, allowing tailored cancer prevention and surveillance. Due to MMR deficiency, LS cancers are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations leading to highly immunogenic frameshift peptides (FSPs). Thus, immune surveillance is proposed to inhibit the outgrowth of MMR‐deficient cell clones. Recent studies have shown that immunoediting during the evolution of MMR‐deficient cancers leads to a counter‐selection of highly immunogenic antigens. The immunogenicity of FSPs is dependent on the antigen presentation. One crucial factor determining antigen presentation is the HLA genotype. Hence, a LS carrier's HLA genotype plays an important role in the presentation of FSP antigens to the immune system, and may influence the likelihood of progression from precancerous lesions to cancer. To address the challenge of clarifying this possibility including diverse populations with different HLA types, we have established the INDICATE initiative (Individual cancer risk by HLA type, http://indicate-lynch.org/), an international network aiming at a systematic evaluation of the HLA genotype as a possible cancer risk modifier in LS. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the role of HLA type in cancer risk and outline future research directions to delineate possible association in the scenario of LS with genetically defined risk population and highly immunogenic tumors.
Sex and smoking differences in the association between gastroesophageal reflux and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high‐incidence area: Golestan Cohort Study
Authors: Soroush Ali , Malekzadeh Reza , Roshandel Gholamreza , Khoshnia Masoud , Poustchi Hossein , Kamangar Farin , Brennan Paul , Boffetta Paolo , Dawsey Sanford M. , Abnet Christian C. , Abrams Julian A. , Etemadi Arash 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrior studies have conflicting findings regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined this relationship in a prospective cohort in a region of high ESCC incidence. Baseline exposure data were collected from 50 045 individuals using in‐person interviews at the time of cohort entry. Participants were followed until they developed cancer, died, or were lost to follow up. Participants with GERD symptoms were categorized into any GERD (heartburn or regurgitation), mixed symptoms, or heartburn alone. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between GERD symptom group and histologically confirmed ESCC. The model was adjusted for known risk factors for GERD and ESCC. 49 559 individuals were included in this study, of which 9005 had GERD symptoms. Over 13.0 years of median follow up, 290 individuals were diagnosed with ESCC. We found no association between any GERD and risk of ESCC (aHR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66‐1.24, P = .54). Similar findings were observed for the GERD symptom subtypes. Significant interactions between any GERD and sex (P = .013) as well as tobacco smoking (P = .028) were observed. In post‐hoc analyses, GERD was associated with a decreased risk of ESCC in men (aHR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27‐0.98 P = .04) and in smokers (aHR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08‐0.83 P = .02). While there was little evidence for an overall association between GERD symptoms and ESCC risk, significant interactions with sex and smoking were observed. Men and smokers with GERD symptoms had a lower risk of ESCC development.
Using the INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Framework
Authors: Whitcomb Clifford , White Corina , Khan Rabia 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis article provides examples for using the INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Framework in practice. Background information is summarized, competency model tailoring is explained, and four usage scenarios are presented. The usage scenarios demonstrate how employers use the framework and assessment guide. The four usage scenarios are job candidate recruitment, individual competency assessment, job description tailoring for an engineering job that needs systems engineering competencies, and job description tailoring for a systems engineering job requiring an update for model‐based systems engineering and digital engineering competencies. All scenarios are based on those included in the Systems Engineering Competency Assessment Guide.
Teaching Systems Engineering Practices Using Principles from Studio Art Education
Authors: McDermott Tom , Nadolski Molly 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe have created a cross‐disciplinary learning program across studio art, systems thinking, and systems architecture to improve systems competencies. Previous research produced a framework for relating learning concepts across these three domains. We describe how to apply these concepts to any learning situation to increase systems competencies using systems thinking and systems engineering tools. We have applied the framework in educational settings to teach systems thinking, critical thinking, and systems engineering using a tailored classroom approach derived from studio art classes. The studio format encourages the students to build their skills across a portfolio of work focused on creating appropriate views of a system, communicating them, and gaining critical review – three core aspects of the systems thinking process. An effective systems engineer conceptualizes and solves problems, addresses stakeholder concerns, explores and composes solutions, and manages system evolution. The use of art, as embodied in systems‐related tools, has proven to be an effective method for developing these skills. This article presents the framework and an example graduate level Systems and Critical Thinking class taught using the studio art approach.
Self‐harm, in‐person bullying and cyberbullying in secondary school‐aged children: A data linkage study in Wales
Authors: John Ann , Lee Sze Chim , Puchades Alice , Del Pozo‐Baños Marcos , Morgan Kelly , Page Nicholas , Moore Graham , Murphy Simon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the evidence base on bullying victimization and self‐harm in young people has been growing, most studies were cross‐sectional, relied on self‐reported non‐validated measures of self‐harm, and did not separate effects of in‐person and cyberbullying. This study aimed to assess associations of self‐harm following in‐person bullying at school and cyberbullying victimization controlling for covariates.MethodsSchool survey data from 11 to 16 years pupils collected in 2017 from 39 Welsh secondary schools were linked to routinely collected data. Inverse probability weighting was performed to circumvent selection bias. Survival analyses for recurrent events were conducted to evaluate relative risks (adjusted hazard ratios [AHR]) of self‐harm among bullying groups within 2 years following survey completion.ResultsA total of 35.0% (weighted N = 6813) of pupils reported being bullied, with 18.1%, 6.4% and 10.5% being victims of in‐person bullying at school only, cyberbullying only and both in‐person bullying at school and cyberbullying respectively. Adjusting for covariates, effect sizes for self‐harm were significant after being in‐person bullied at school only (AHR = 2.2 [1.1–4.3]) and being both in‐person bullied at school and cyberbullied (AHR = 2.2 [1.0–4.7]) but not being cyberbullied only (AHR = 1.2 [0.4–3.3]). Feeling lonely during recent summer holidays was also a robust predictor (AHR = 2.2 [1.2–4.0]).ConclusionsWe reaffirm the role of in‐person bullying victimization on self‐harm. Pupils were twice as likely to self‐harm following in‐person bullying as their nonvictimised peers. Interventions for young people that minimize the potential impacts of bullying on self‐harm should also include strategies to prevent loneliness.
Athree‐dimensionalmodel to describe complete human corneal oxygenation during contact lens wear
Authors: Aguilella‐Arzo Marcel , Compañ Vicente 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe perform a novel 3D study to quantify the corneal oxygen consumption and diffusion in each part of the cornea with different contact lens materials. The oxygen profile is calculated as a function of oxygen tension at the cornea‐tear interface and the oxygen transmissibility of the lens, with values used in previous studies. We aim to determine the influence of a detailed geometry of the cornea in their modeling compared to previous low dimensional models used in the literature. To this end, a 3‐D study based on an axisymmetric volume element analysis model was applied to different contact lenses currently on the market. We have obtained that the model provides a valuable tool for understanding the flux and cornea oxygen profiles through the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. The most important results are related to the dependence of the oxygen flux through the cornea‐lens system on the contact lens thickness and geometry. Both parameters play an important role in the corneal flux and oxygen tension distribution. The decline in oxygen consumption experienced by the cornea takes place just inside the epithelium, where the oxygen tension falls to between 95 and 16 mmHg under open eye conditions, and 30 to 0.3 mmHg under closed eye conditions, depending on the contact lens worn. This helps to understand the physiological response of the corneal tissue under conditions of daily and overnight contact lens wear, and the importance of detailed geometry of the cornea in the modeling of diffusion for oxygen and other species.