bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Healthy Women Using a 90-Day Tenofovir/Levonorgestrel Vaginal Ring
Authors: Thurman Andrea R. , Ravel Jacques , Gajer Pawel , Marzinke Mark A. , Ouattara Louise A. , Jacot Terry , Peet M. Melissa , Clark Meredith R. , Doncel Gustavo F. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA relationship between the vaginal microbiota and tenofovir (TFV) concentrations and activity after topical administration has been previously reported.ObjectiveCONRAD A15-138 was a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I study aimed at characterizing the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of TFV and levonorgestrel (LNG) administered through a vaginal ring (IVR) for 90 days. Herein, we describe changes from baseline in the vaginal microbiota with IVR use and the impact of the vaginal microbiota on mucosal TFV PK.MethodsThe study screened 68 participants and randomized 47 (37 TFV/LNG, 10 placebo), assessing the vaginal microbiota by sequencing the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes prior to IVR insertion and monthly for 3 months. Concentrations of TFV in vaginal fluid (VF), and TFV and TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) in vaginal tissue, and modeled PD against HIV-1 in vitro were measured before and after treatment.ResultsThere were no clinically significant changes in relative abundance of vaginal bacterial phylotypes from pre-insertion baseline at any month among active and placebo IVR users. There were no significant changes in community state type (CST) with IVR use. Participants with diverse, anaerobic CST IVA/B microbiota had higher in vivo release of TFV from the IVR compared to women with Lactobacillus-dominated (LbD) microbiota, who had expected in vivo TFV release rates. Median VF TFV concentrations were significantly higher among women with CST IVA/B microbiota in months 1 (3,135 ng/mg VF) and 2 (3,800 ng/mg). Women with LbD microbiota had significantly higher median VF TFV concentration (1,423 ng/mg) and median TFV (103 ng/mg) and TFV-DP (5,877 fmol/mg) tissue concentrations versus women with CST IVA/B microbiota at month 3. All women demonstrated a significant increase from pre-insertion baseline of in vitro HIV-1 inhibition by VF (p values &lt;0.05). PD differences in tissue according to CST, however, were not statistically significant.ConclusionTFV/LNG IVR use did not change the vaginal microbiota nor increase the incidence of CST IVA/B. Vaginal microbiota, and in particular CST IVA/B, possibly through increased vaginal pH, impacted in vivo TFV release and cervicovaginal (CV) PK, but both PK and PD data suggest CV protection against HIV-1.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT03279120)
Impact of Maternal Age on Singleton Birthweight in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles
Authors: Ni Zhe-xin , Wan Kun-ming , Zhou Zhi-hao , Kuang Yan-ping , Yu Chao-qin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have investigated the effect of maternal age on assisted reproductive technology success rates. However, little is known about the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Whether maternal age influences singleton birthweight in FET cycles remains to be elucidated.MethodsThis study was conducted at a tertiary care center, involving singleton live births born to women undergoing frozen–thawed embryo transfer during the period from January 2010 to December 2017. A total of 12,565 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled and grouped into four groups according to the maternal age: &lt;30, 30–34, 35–39, and ≥40 years old. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight with controlling for a number of potential confounders.ResultsThe highest proportions of low birthweight (LBW, 4.1%), high birthweight (1.2%), preterm birth (PTB, 5.9%), and very PTB (0.9%) were found in the group over 40 years old, but no significant difference was observed among the four groups. Additionally, the 35–39-year-old group had the highest rate of very LBW (0.6%), whereas the 30–34-year-old group had the lowest rate of small for gestational age (SGA, 2.7%). However, multivariate analyses revealed that neonatal outcomes including PTB, LBW, and SGA were similar between the different maternal age groups.ConclusionGrouping with different maternal age was not associated with mean birthweight and Z-scores of singletons resulting from FET.
Correlation Between TCF7+ T Cells and Prognosis of Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rong Haixu , Cai Tingting , Peng Yu , Wang Xiaojuan , Lan Tianjun , Ou Zhanpeng , Qiu Ling , Li Qunxing , Zhang Lizao , Wu Fan , Lin Hsinyu , Ren Siqi , Li Zitian , Fan Song , Li Jinsong 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether TCF7+ T cells constitute an important factor to improve the existing postoperative prediction model for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.MethodTCF7+ T cells were detected in the tissues of 167 OSCC patients by multiplex immunofluorescence. The percentage of TCF7+ T cells was transformed into a dichotomous variable, combined with the clinicopathological data for the OSCC patients, and then subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. The derived independent predictors were then incorporated into risk models to analyze their relationship with the prognosis of patients.ResultsThe high TCF7+ group had a better prognosis than the low TCF7+ group (OS: p&lt;0.001; RFS: p&lt;0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TCF7+ T cells serve as an independent predictor of OSCC (univariate/multivariate analysis: p&lt;0.001). In Cox risk progression models, inclusion of the TCF7+ T cell percentage improved the predictive accuracy of Grade and TNM stage (Grade-OS/RFS: p&lt;0.001; TNM-OS/RFS: p&lt;0.001; TNM+Grade-OS: p&lt;0.001, TNM+Grade-RFS: p=0.004). Inclusion of the TCF7+ T cell percentage improved the clinical utility.ConclusionsTCF7+ T cells can act as an independent predictor for postoperative OSCC patients. The inclusion of TCF7+ T cells improved the predictive accuracy and clinical utility of the nomograms to different degrees.
Effect of Xiongmatang Extract on Behavioral and TRPV1-CGRP/CGRP-R Pathway in Rats With Migraine
Authors: Liu Dingding , Chang Lulu , Wang Jingru , Zhu Qiang , Jiang Ning , Azhar Mudassar , Ahmed Ayaz , Zeng Guirong 
Published: March 2022

Migraine is a complex neurovascular disease, which seriously affects the quality of life in patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Xiongmatang (XMT) extract on rats with migraine induced by inflammatory soup and the underlying mechanisms. First, 1 week after dural catheterization, inflammatory soup was injected through a microsyringe to stimulate the dura of rats for 6 times (12 days), once every 2 days, 10 μL each time, to establish a migraine model. According to pain threshold analysis, behavioral change detection, and pathological analysis, the effects of XMT extract on rats with migraine were evaluated. The positive, mRNA and protein expression of related factors were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-QPCR, and Western blot analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanism. XMT extract improved the behavioral performance of rats, and improve the pathological changes in the trigeminal nerve in rats. Further experimental results show that XMT extract regulated the expression of migraine-related factors in the trigeminal nerve, manifested as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) positive expression, mRNA expression, and protein expression reduction. XMT extract can significantly improved the behavioral performance of rats with migraine, and its mechanism of action might involve regulating the activity of TRPV1-CGRP/CGRP-R pathway.
Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes dan Certainty Factor untuk Mendeteksi Hama pada Tanaman Alpukat Berbasis Web
Authors: Tyar Ferriza , Wahyuddin Muhammad Iwan 
Published: March 2022

Avocad (Persea americana) is a table fruit-producing plant of the same name. This plant comes from Mexico and Central America as a garden plant in other tropical areas of the world. In Indonesia itself, avocados are widely found because of the tropical climate, then people also like avocados because there are many choices from various food and beverage ingredients. Lack of attention to the cultivation and breeding of avocados makes the yields less good, and not optimal. so the author conducted this research in the hope that the yield and breeding of avocado plants can be maximized. This expert system was built using Web-based programming. The method applied is Naïve Bayes, which is a method that uses statistics and probability in predicting the chances of avocado plants having growth disorders based on the presence of pests (worms) in avocado plants.
Experiences of Returning Korean-Chinese Students: The Sociocultural and Psychological Racism Perspectives
Authors: Dos Santos Luis Miguel 
Published: March 2022

The South Korean government encourages the Korean diaspora members to return to South Korea for personal and career developments. Many Korean-Chinese students decided to come back to their homeland for education and further career pathways. However, many Korean-Chinese face challenges and difficulties in South Korean schools and communities due to social and cultural differences. This study aims to understand the challenges of Korean-Chinese university students. Two research questions guided this study, including 1) how would Korean-Chinese university students describe their experiences based on the Sociocultural and Psychological Racism perspective during their university voyage in South Korea and 2) do Korean-Chinese university students face any particular difficulties and challenges due to their Korean-Chinese status based on the Sociocultural and Psychological Racism perspective during their university voyage in South Korea. Interview sessions and focus group activities were employed to collect data from 30 participants across the Korean peninsula. The results indicated that cultural characteristics, place of origin, and spoken languages are the three challenges for all Korean-Chinese participants. The results of this study filled the gaps in returning Korean students’ experiences, challenges and difficulties. Also, government leaders may reform and polish the current policies in order to help other Korean diaspora in the South Korean communities.

Received: 20 September 2021 / Accepted: 7 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Trends in Media and Communication Research in Specialized Scientific Arab Journals: An Analytical Study
Authors: Chettah Mohamed , Al Adwan Muhammad Noor 
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with media and communication research trends in Arab countries through specialized scientific journals. It presents an analytical study that monitors and analyzes media and communication research trends through a sample of specialized scientific university journals from some Arab countries. The study concludes with a number of results, the most important of which are: -Reliance on the questionnaire as a tool for data collection in research (36.09%), followed by content analysis at a rate of 24.26%. -A large percentage of published research (70.1%) lacks scientific theories and approaches. -The predominance of individual research (76.92%) compared with joint research with bilateral research reaching 21.89%, and group research not exceeding 1.18% of the total sample research. -The interest of the published research was first in studying the content (36.98%), then the audience (19.23%), then the impact (13.31%), with a lack of research that dealt with the communicator and the medium. -The journal papers that formed the corpus of this study are showing an increasing interest in new media (21.89%) compared with a decreasing interest in traditional media.

Received: 6 December 2021 / Accepted: 30 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Delineation of UK Retail Sector: An Actor-Network Perspective
Authors: El Sayad Samar 
Published: March 2022

This paper provides a contextual discussion about the UK retail market by screening the relevant literature bodies. The UK retail market is analyzed in terms of its dynamic; the influence market concentration, globalization, and supply chains, and the emerging shifts in the power position. Drawing on ANT, the paper shows how this market comprises a set of networks of various human and non-human actors who interact and negotiate among themselves. It also shows how the power of the UK’s big retailers can be regarded as a consequence of these networks and the interrelationship between them.

Received: 14 October 2021 / Accepted: 11 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Evaluation of E-mail Accounts Used in Public Institutions in Turkey Within the Scope of Personal Data
Authors: Morina Mensur , Papajorgji Endri , Eren Muhammet Ali , Alidemaj Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Magna Carta in 1215 and 1789 from the French Revolution in parallel to globalization of human rights all over the world to this day and the state based on the rule of law and forms of government have improved. Therefore, the importance of individual human rights has increased alongside the community rights. The Internet has emerged as a closed circuit in which the computer is connected to withstand up to 1960. The first day, this day of information systems that have manifested themselves in all areas of human existence and has been an integral part of human existence. Knowledge is one of the most important values of modern life. Every day, government agencies and private organizations collect, store, process and transfer significant amounts of data about individuals. This is a natural reflection of the situation has been in government. Protection of personal data is a right of individuals against unauthorized use of their data by other persons or organizations. Especially after 2002 indicate the presence of public institutions in Turkey as well as to offer their digital services to citizens in both. Personal Data related to the establishment of this right The Law on the Protection of the Conservation was passed by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on March 24, 2016. has been enacted. One of the most used services offered by the staff of public institutions and staff to their email. In our study, government extension and content of the person's own e-mail account does not belong to the state providing services it has been examined in the light of the Law on the Protection of Personal Data in Turkey and international regulations in this field.

Received: 11 August 2021 / Accepted: 7 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
A Comparative Study of Power Distance of English Teachers and Non-English Teachers in Classroom Interaction in Iranian High Schools
Authors: Bijani Houman , Jamali Somayeh , Orabah Salim Said Bani 
Published: March 2022

Since cultural factors play a crucial role in creating behavioral patterns, investigating the relationship between English teachers and students can be a good index for discovering the level of power distance in the classroom environment with different cultures manifesting in their interactions. The current study has attempted to compare female high school students' viewpoints towards English teachers and non-English teachers in the Iran context to discover the difference in power distance between English and non-English teachers and their students. To this end, the present research was conducted in 3 high schools for females with female teachers, and the data was gathered through a five-item Likert scale questionnaire investigating students' viewpoints towards five main elements: Acceptability, Respect, Teaching method, behavioral patterns, and Friendship. The findings revealed a high power distance between English teachers and their students in an English class interaction than non-English teachers such as science teachers, math teachers, physics teachers, chemistry teachers, and art teachers and their students. In turn, the results implied positive viewpoints towards English teachers. Regarding four factors, Acceptability, Respect, Teaching method, and Behavior, there is a significant difference between the viewpoints towards English and non-English teachers. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between the two variables in terms of friendship.

Received: 14 October 2021 / Accepted: 10 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Democracy as Misunderstanding Between Freedom and Anarchy
Authors: Kabo Përparim 
Published: March 2022

The democracy issue is the keyword and concern of this paper. There have been long discussions about “democracy through law” and if it is a reality in Albanian society. The prolonged transition came because of a misunderstanding with democracy. Instead of checking and balance, power control is installed and the nearly antagonistic opposition between them. There is robbery and abuse of national assets, public property, and individual property, while the state legalizes informality. We face populism in the streets and populism in meetings organized in the halls. The mobs in the street are an expression of the ochlocracy and crowds at organized meetings. Anthropology of medieval society with crowds and modern “princes” is a story that follows in the last three decades in Albania. Democracy seems like a double monocracy and there is the killing of pluralism day by day. Governance with online portals and show-politics display as an illusion of functional democracy. Enhance the role of institutions and the attack against them, supposedly to protect the so-called interests of people in need. Democracy was wounded by a mass media that failed to return to either public power or independent power. Media in the hands of dubious owners. These are valuable topics of analysis and require the exchange of opinions to the benefit of the country on its road toward development. They are related to the immediate and prospective needs for profound changes in mentality, conduct, and democratic institutions. This study provides a historical and concrete analysis of the reality, brought together with the laws of democracy as a system, to reveal if institutional democracy is normally functioning in Albania. And if not, it intends to highlight. the reasons hindering it, as well as how this can be overcome, contributing to an educated society, that believes in freedom and builds a prosperous country.

Received: 21 December 2021 / Accepted: 29 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
The Role of Illustrations in Following Along with the Events in Fiction
Authors: Awajan Nasaybah , Al-Omari Hussein 
Published: March 2022

The study explores the effect of using illustrations with written narratives in short stories on the readers who are following along with the events and linking these events together. The study also explores the impact of applying critical thinking skills in using illustrations with the written narrative on readers who are following along with the events of the short story and linking them together. A mixed method was used to answer the questions and obtain the results. The quantitative method was used, where a study sample consisting of 35 students who were asked to submit an exam twice. The first time the exam contained only the written text. However, the second exam contained both the written text and the illustrations from a book. The qualitative method was applied on the same sample of students, where they were interviewed and asked whether the illustrations helped them in answering the questions on the written narrative. Next, they were asked specifically about the six questions which were based on the students’ use of their critical thinking skills in linking the provided illustrations with the written narrative. The study concluded by presenting how illustrations have a great effect on the students’ following along with the events and understating the main ideas in the narrative story. The results also show that the written text cannot always stand alone, and especially when it comes to young readers because they still lack the experience and the ability to be able to understand things on their own.

Received: 30 November 2021 / Accepted: 3 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
A Research Design Based on The Framework of Tafseer Al-Fiqhiy (Quranic Juristic Commentary)
Authors: Embong Abdul Hanis , Rahman Asyraf Haji Abd , Kadir Firdaus Khairi Abdul , Salamun Hailan , Khairuldin Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan , Shahrani Siti Shazirah , Karim Mohd Ritzman Abdul 
Published: March 2022

Research design is essential in constructing any conducted research. It is a plan, strategy and investigation structure in a particular element defined in accordance with research objectives. However, the current research design is based on the Conventional Research Method (CRM) which fails to address Islamic based researches. CRM and Islamic Research Method (IRM) are different in many features. As the first is claimed as being constructed based on a universal perspective, IRM is structured on the pertinent fundamentals of Islamic overview. Somehow, before its good rapport, CRM is considerably counted in Islamic and Muslim intelligentsia. It brings to the question of how far the CRM is relevant to study the above-mentioned items as its perspective and epistemology are different from IRM. Hence, this study was conducted to construct one of the IRM research components that will be able to contribute to the framework of tafseer al-fiqhiy. Tafseer al-fiqhiy is a set of a guideline of commentary or interpretation employed by mufassirin (authors of tafseer) in discussing fiqh’s problems, relevant jurisprudence (laws) which are in line with the interpreted Quranic verses. It laments some strategies, specific steps and indicators focusing on the pattern of tafseer al-fiqhiy are in lieu of applying it into researches of Islamic fiqh. In achieving this aim, the qualitative approach was conducted focusing on exploratory design to study the pattern of tafseer al-fiqhiy. Apart, the study took into consideration the purpose of examining the relevant works of literature. The discussions in this research are divided into two folds: firstly, identifying the tafseer al-fiqhiy and secondly, analyzing the elements of tafseer al-fiqhiy to be applied into IRM. The findings suggest some notions regarding the suitability and relevance of tafseer al-fiqhiy can be utilised in the concerned. It also ties up with the Islamic juristic issues. Under the status quo, tafseer al-fiqhiy posits its appropriateness in the research of fiqh prior to its accuracy and reliability. It is also parallel to the Islamic standard as the tafseer al-fiqhiy is retrieved from the vital branch of Islamic sciences viz. tafseer al-Quran. Thus, it can be a frame of reference amongst the scholars who have the interest to venture into the study of Islamic discourses.

Received: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 21 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022