bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors based on modified PDMS and hybrid particles of AgNWs/graphene
Authors: Zhang Kaili , Jiang Wenshuai , Li Xiaokuan , Gao Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High-performance strain sensors have received extensive attention due to their wide range of applications in pulsebeat detection, speech recognition, motion detection, and blood pressure monitoring. However, it is difficult to simultaneously attain high sensitivity and excellent stretchability. In this work, a strain sensor based on modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and conductive hybrid particles of silver nanowires (AgNWs)/graphene was successfully fabricated. A facile solvothermal polymerization process was used to change the structure of cross-linking networks and to obtain the PDMS elastomer with excellent stretchability. The application of the modified PDMS endows the strain sensor with a large strain range (∼20%), which is 100% higher than that of the strain sensor with unmodified PDMS. The AgNWs/graphene hybrid particles were prepared by a simple coprecipitation, reduction, and drying method. AgNWs serve as bridges between graphene sheets, endowing the strain sensor with a large gauge factor (GF = 400). The stability of the strain sensor was also verified. Besides, the strain sensor was successfully used in fields such as finger bending and speech recognition. Considering its high sensitivity, excellent stretchability, and high working stability, the sensor has great potential in health monitoring and motion detection.
Inhibiting corrosion and side reactions of zinc metal anode by nano-CaSiO3 coating towards high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhai Penghui , Zhai Xiaoliang , Jia Zhihui , Zhang Wanhong , Pan Kunming , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have been deemed as one of the most promising energy storage devices owing to their high safety, low cost, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, the severe corrosion of zinc metal anode and side reactions between the anode and electrolyte greatly hinder the practical application of AZIBs. To address above-mentioned issues, herein, a nano-CaSiO3 layer was coated on the surface of Zn metal anode via the solution casting method. Results showed that this hydrophobic coating layer could effectively inhibit the direct contact of Zn metal anode with electrolyte, suppressing its corrosion and side reactions during Zn deposition/stripping. When applied in symmetrical cells, the nano-CaSiO3 coated Zn (CSO-Zn) electrode exhibited much longer cycle life than bare Zn electrode. Moreover, with this nano-CaSiO3 modified Zn anode, both vanadium-based and manganese-based full cells depicted excellent capacity retention. This nano-CaSiO3 coating layer provides a good choice for improving the stability of Zn metal anode for high-performance AZIBs.
GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon interactions for radiotherapy applications
Authors: Franciosini G , Battistoni G , Cerqua A , De Gregorio A , De Maria P , De Simoni M , Dong Y , Fischetti M , Marafini M , Mirabelli R , Muscato A , Patera V , Salvati F , Sarti A , Sciubba A , Toppi M , Traini G , Trigilio A , Schiavi A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. The Monte Carlo simulation software is a valuable tool in radiation therapy, in particular to achieve the needed accuracy in the dose evaluation for the treatment plans optimisation. The current challenge in this field is the time reduction to open the way to many clinical applications for which the computational time is an issue. In this manuscript we present an innovative GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo software for dose valuation in electron and photon based radiotherapy, developed as an update of the FRED (Fast paRticle thErapy Dose evaluator) software. Approach. The code transports particles through a 3D voxel grid, while scoring their energy deposition along their trajectory. The models of electromagnetic interactions in the energy region between 1 MeV—1 GeV available in literature have been implemented to efficiently run on GPUs, allowing to combine a fast tracking while keeping high accuracy in dose assessment. The FRED software has been bench-marked against state-of-art full MC (FLUKA, GEANT4) in the realm of two different radiotherapy applications: Intra-Operative Radio Therapy and Very High Electron Energy radiotherapy applications. Results. The single pencil beam dose-depth profiles in water as well as the dose map computed on non-homogeneous phantom agree with full-MCs at 2% level, observing a gain in processing time from 200 to 5000. Significance. Such performance allows for computing a plan with electron beams in few minutes with an accuracy of ∼%, demonstrating the FRED potential to be adopted for fast plan re-calculation in photon or electron radiotherapy applications.
Multi-species ion acceleration from sub-ps, PW interactions with ultra-thin foils
Authors: McCusker O , Ahmed H , McIlvenny A , Martin P , Ferguson S , Green J , Jarrett J , King M , Zhai S , McKenna P , Kar S , Borghesi M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multi-species ion acceleration from ultra-thin foils was studied experimentally, employing the Vulcan Petawatt laser at the Central Laser Facility, UK. Plastic (CH) foils with thicknesses in the range 10–340 nm were irradiated with intense, short (750 fs) laser pulses producing maximum energies of

∼

65

MeV and 25 MeV/nucleon obtained for H+ and C6+ ions, respectively. Ion spectra obtained from high resolution spectrometers suggest differences in the acceleration dynamics for the two species. Comparisons are made with two-dimensional Particle in Cell simulations, which identify, for an optimal thickness, two main mechanisms contributing to the ion acceleration process, namely multi-species target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) and radiation pressure acceleration (RPA). Ion energies are further enhanced by the onset of relativistically induced transparency. A final stage in the acceleration is caused by the formation of electron jets (as the target undergoes transparency), which accelerate the ions off-axis. By analysing the spatial and temporal evolution of the accelerating fields, we are able to infer the effect of the different mechanisms on each species and how this translates to the experimental observations. The two main mechanisms, TNSA and RPA, are seen to each produce a distinct population of high energy protons whereas a single population of carbon is accelerated by a summation of these effects. This species-specific analysis sheds new light on the complex dynamics in a multi-species target expansion and on the contribution of different acceleration processes to the acceleration of the most energetic ions in the spectrum.
From chaos to encryption using fractional order Lorenz-Stenflo model with flux-controlled feedback memristor
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Qureshi Muhammad Ali , Akbar Saeed , Ara Asmat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To add complexity to a chaotic system, a new five-dimensional fractional-order chaotic system is proposed based on the Lorenz-Stenflo model with a feedback memristor. By analyzing the phase portraits, equilibrium points, bifurcation analysis, and Poincaré maps, the system generates a two-wing attractor with symmetrical coexistence, which implies that the newly developed chaotic system has abundant dynamical characteristics. The Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion, eigenvalues, and Lyapunov exponents were calculated for a memristive-based system, suggesting that the developed system is unstable and hyperchaotic. The chaotic system is executed with analogue circuits for both the open-loop and closed-loop feedback memristive systems. The transfer function technique was used for the fractional operator. The simulation results showed excellent agreement between the circuit and numerical simulations. Finally, random data information from a chaotic system is utilized to process multimedia encryption. A new cryptographic scheme is presented with the idea of an image as a key, which is introduced and tested with security analysis in support of the provision that images and chaotic systems together can form a viable key.
Evidence of oblique electron acoustic solitary waves triggered by magnetic reconnection in Earth’s magnetosphere
Authors: Atteya A , EL-Labany S K , Karmakar P K , Afify M S 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotivated by the recent Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of oblique electron acoustic waves, we addressed the generation mechanism of the observed waves by utilizing the reductive perturbation technique. A nonlinear Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation is derived for a collisionless, magnetised plasma composed of cool inertial background electrons, cool inertial electron beam, hot inertialess suprathermal electrons; represented by aκ-distribution, and stationary ions. Moreover, the instability growth rate is derived by using the small-kperturbation expansion method. Our findings revealed that the structure of the electrostatic wave profile is significantly influenced by the external magnetic field, the unperturbed hot, cool, and electron beam densities, the obliquity angle, and the rate of superthermality. Such parameters also have an effect on the instability growth rate. This study clarifies the characteristics of the oblique electron solitary waves that may be responsible for changing the electron and ion distribution functions, which alter the magnetic reconnection process. Moreover, the increase of the growth rate with the plasma parameters could be a source of anomalous resistivity that enhances the rate of magnetic reconnection.
Promising broadband and enhanced microwave absorption of polypyrrole decorated hollow porous ZnO microspheres
Authors: Ye Xiaoyun , Zhang Leilei , Lv Yihua , Chen Dinggui , Chen Song , Liu Xuehua , Ma Lian , Wu Yuping , Liang Weikang , Wang Qianting 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The design of hollow porous microstructure and the selection of reasonable dielectric composition are effective ways to obtain microwave absorbing (MWA) materials with outstanding performance. In this paper, polypyrrole decorated ZnO hollow porous composites (ZnO@PPy HPC) with improved MWA performance were successfully prepared by an in situ polymerization method. The results showed that PPy was uniformly loaded on the surface of ZnO hollow porous microspheres (ZnO HPM) to build a hierarchically core–shell hollow structure. The addition and proportion regulation of PPy can effectively improve the dielectric properties, generate interfacial polarization effect and achieve good impedance matching, leading to enhanced MWA characteristics of composite materials. ZnO@PPy HPC exhibited promising broadband microwave absorption properties. The minimum reflection loss (RL
min) reached −48.5 dB at 14.5 GHz with broad effective bandwidth (less than −10 dB) of 6.2 GHz when the matching thickness was 2.2 mm. This study provides guidance for the development on a new type of microwave absorbing materials composed of hollow porous structure and conductive polymer.
Computational indistinguishability and boson sampling*
Authors: Nikolopoulos Georgios M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We introduce a computational problem of distinguishing between the output of an ideal coarse-grained boson sampler and the output of a true random number generator, as a resource for cryptographic schemes, which are secure against computationally unbounded adversaries. Moreover, we define a cryptographic setting for the implementation of such schemes, including message encryption and authentication, as well as entity authentication.
Phase transition and properties of ternary MgGeN2 under pressure: a first principles investigation
Authors: Chen Kai , Chang Xiangrong , Zeng Ying , Hu Chunfeng , Feng Qingguo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work the structural, electronic, mechanical and optical properties of MgGeN2 under pressure are investigated through the density functional theory based first principles computations using the recently proposed Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) functional. It was found that the orthorhombic structure is energetically stable at ambient conditions and a phase transition from orthorhombic phase to a newly found tetragonal phase occurs at about 23 GPa under hydrostatic compression. In addition, in the investigated pressure range, MgGeN2 does not follow the rule that the materials will become more metallic under pressure due to that the strengthened covalent bond will enlarge the band gap and enable the system more insulating. Therefore, for both the orthorhombic phase and the high pressure tetragonal phase, the band gap shows a monotonic increment along increasing pressure. A reduction of the band gap was accompanied with the phase transition. In addition, the high pressure phase has a much larger bulk modulus and shear modulus than the orthorhombic phase, together with an enhanced optical absorption and conductivity. Finally, the potential applications of pressure induced structural change and band tuning are interpreted.
Can we actually constrain fNL using the scale-dependent bias effect? An illustration of the impact of galaxy bias uncertainties using the BOSS DR12 galaxy power spectrum
Authors: Barreira Alexandre 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The scale-dependent bias effect on the galaxy power spectrum is a very promising probe of the local primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) parameter f
NL, but the amplitude of the effect is proportional to f
NL
bϕ
, where bϕ
is the linear PNG galaxy bias parameter. Our knowledge of bϕ
is currently very limited, yet nearly all existing f
NL constraints and forecasts assume precise knowledge for it. Here, we use the BOSS DR12 galaxy power spectrum to illustrate how our uncertain knowledge of bϕ
currently prevents us from constraining f
NL with a given statistical precision σ

fNL. Assuming different fixed choices for the relation between bϕ
and the linear density bias b
1, we find that σ

fNL can vary by as much as an order of magnitude. Our strongest bound is f
NL = 16 ± 16 (1σ), while the loosest is f
NL = 230 ± 226 (1σ) for the same BOSS data. The impact of bϕ
can be especially pronounced because it can be close to zero. We also show how marginalizing over bϕ
with wide priors is not conservative, and leads in fact to biased constraints through parameter space projection effects. Independently of galaxy bias assumptions, the scale-dependent bias effect can only be used to detect f
NL ≠ 0 by constraining the product f
NL
bϕ
, but the error bar σ

fNL remains undetermined and the results cannot be compared with the CMB; we find f
NL
bϕ
≠ 0 with 1.6σ significance. We also comment on why these issues are important for analyses with the galaxy bispectrum. Our results strongly motivate simulation-based research programs aimed at robust theoretical priors for the bϕ
parameter, without which we may never be able to competitively constrain f
NL using galaxy data.
Core-collapse supernova constraint on the origin of sterile neutrino dark matter via neutrino self-interactions
Authors: Chen Yu-Ming , Sen Manibrata , Tangarife Walter , Tuckler Douglas , Zhang Yue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNovel neutrino self-interaction can open up viable parameter space for the relic abundance of sterile-neutrino dark matter (SνDM). In this work, we constrain the relic target using core-collapse supernova which features the same fundamental process and a similar environment to the early universe era when SνDM is dominantly produced. We present a detailed calculation of the effects of a massive scalar mediated neutrino self-interaction on the supernova cooling rate, including the derivation of the thermal potential in the presence of non-zero chemical potentials from plasma species. Our results demonstrate that the supernova cooling argument can cover the neutrino self-interaction parameter space that complements terrestrial and cosmological probes.
Classical and quantum dynamics of gyroscopic systems and dark energy
Authors: Comelli Denis , Di Giambattista Maicol , Pilo Luigi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gyroscopic systems in classical and quantum field theory are characterized by the presence of at least two scalar degrees of
freedom and by terms that mix fields and
their time derivatives in the quadratic Lagrangian.
In Minkowski spacetime, they naturally appear
in the presence of a coupling among fields with
time-dependent vacuum expectation values and fields with
space-dependent vacuum expectation values, breaking spontaneously
Lorentz symmetry; this is the case for a supersolid.
In a cosmological background
a gyroscopic system can also arise from the time dependence of
non-diagonal kinetic and mass matrices.
We study the classical and quantum dynamics computing the correlation
functions on the vacuum state that minimizes the energy.
Two
regions of stability in parameter space are found: in one region, dubbed normal, the
Hamiltonian is positive defined, while in the second region, dubbed anomalous, it has no definite sign. Interestingly, in the anomalous
region the 2-point correlation function exhibits a resonant behaviour
in a certain region of parameter space.
We show that as dynamical a dark energy (with an exact equation of state w = -1)
arises naturally as a gyroscopic system.
Weak lensing trispectrum and Kurt-spectra
Authors: Munshi Dipak , Lee Hayden , Dvorkin Cora , McEwen Jason D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We introduce two kurt-spectra to probe fourth-order statistics of weak lensing convergence maps.
Using state-of-the-art numerical simulations, we study the shapes of these kurt-spectra as a function of source redshifts and smoothing angular scales. We employ a pseudo-Cℓ
approach to estimate the spectra from realistic convergence maps in the presence of an observational mask and noise for stage-IV large-scale structure surveys. We compare these results against theoretical predictions calculated using the FFTLog formalism, and find that a simple nonlinear clustering model — the hierarchical ansatz — can reproduce the numerical trends for the kurt-spectra in the nonlinear regime. In addition, we provide estimators for beyond fourth-order spectra where no definitive analytical results are available, and present corresponding results from numerical simulations.
Characterization of crude oil viscosity change under laser irradiation
Authors: Zhang Shanzhe , Sun Xiaorong , Zheng Dongyu , Liu Cuiling , Miao Xinyang , Zhao Kun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Heavy crude oil is a type of crude oil that has high viscosity, which leads to poor fluidity. In this paper, a 532 nm laser was employed to reduce the oil viscosity at low current. The voltage, temperature and the viscosity will change under laser irradiation. Under laser irradiation, the photon energy was absorbed by liquid and converted into heat energy, leading to the temperature rise. Furthermore, the rise in temperature led to breaking of the hydrogen bonds, which resulted in the drop in the viscosity v. Due to the thermal effect induced by the laser, the variation of viscosity Δv was closely related to the laser irradiation position. The results of the experiments suggest that laser technology could be applied to characterize the viscosity change in crude oil under laser irradiation.
EEG-based mental fatigue detection using linear prediction cepstral coefficients and Riemann spatial covariance matrix
Authors: Chen Kun , Liu Zhiyong , Liu Quan , Ai Qingsong , Ma Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Establishing a mental fatigue monitoring system is of great importance as for severe fatigue may cause unimaginable consequences. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is often utilized for mental fatigue detection because of its high temporal resolution and ease of use. However, many EEG-based approaches for detecting mental fatigue only take into account the feature extraction of a single domain and do not fully exploit the information that EEG may offer. Approach. In our work, we propose a new algorithm for mental fatigue detection based on multi-domain feature extraction and fusion. EEG components representing fatigue are closely related in the past and present because fatigue is a dynamic and gradual process. Accordingly, the idea of linear prediction is used to fit the current value with a set of sample values in the past to calculate the linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCCs) as the time domain feature. Moreover, in order to better capture fatigue-related spatial domain information, the spatial covariance matrix of the original EEG signal is projected into the Riemannian tangent space using the Riemannian geometric method. Then multi-domain features are fused to obtain comprehensive spatio-temporal information. Main results. Experimental results prove the suggested algorithm outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving an average accuracy of 87.10% classification on the public dataset SEED-VIG (three categories) and 97.40% classification accuracy (two categories) on the dataset made by self-designed experiments. Significance. These findings show that our proposed strategy perform more effectively for mental fatigue detection based on EEG.
Evaluation of the functional acceptability of the ITER vacuum vessel
Authors: Moon Hokyu , Park Soo-Hyeon , Kim Hyun-Soo , Kim Beom Seok 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) vacuum vessel (VV) is one of the critical components of the ITER tokamak fusion reactor. The first sector of the ITER VV was delivered to ITER Organization in 2020, and it is ready to assemble into the tokamak system. After manufacturing the ITER VV, an evaluation should ensure that the components are designed and manufactured to meet the functional requirements, such as vacuum leak tightness and structural integrity. The factory acceptance test (FAT) is essential for confirming acceptance in engineering and manufacturing. This paper introduces the engineering process and technical method of the FAT, which is applied explicitly to the first-of-a-kind ITER VV. We establish a visual inspection, pre-pumping assessment, pressure test, helium (vacuum) leak test, and final dimensional inspection for the FAT. The visual inspection revealed no blockages in the cooling channels of the double walls. The pre-pumping assessment conducted to check the vacuum level and residual gas condition, concluded that the inside of the VV was flawless and thus met the leak test requirements of 1 × 10−8 Pa m3 s−1. We confirmed no leakage or deformation through the pressure test under reduced pressure. The helium leak test demonstrated engineering soundness with leak tightness of 6.08 × 10−9 Pa m3 s−1, which is more stringent than the allowable limit. Furthermore, three-dimensional metrology was utilized to determine the as-built dimensions of the manufactured sector. Due to unavoidable weld deformation and tight tolerances, the as-built result does not perfectly meet the assigned tolerance level. Nevertheless, it can be considered as advanced information for assembly with in-vessel components and other sectors. Based on the conformance and suitability of the suggested FAT for the first ITER VV sector, we will determine the acceptability of the upcoming VV sectors, which will be manufactured and delivered by Korea shortly.