bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting the treatment success of bladder training for urgency urinary incontinence
Authors: Yıldız Necmettin , Özlü Aysun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of bladder training (BT) for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and to determine women characteristics that are predictors for success.MethodsClinical data of 110 women with UUI who had received BT over 8 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were evaluated in terms of incontinence severity (24‐h pad test), 3‐day voiding diary (frequency of voiding, nocturia, incontinence episodes, and the number of pads), symptom severity (OAB‐V8), incontinence‐related QoL (IIQ‐7) and treatment success. Treatment success was evaluated at a ≥50% reduction in incontinence episodes at the end of the treatment.ResultsA statistically significant improvement was found in all parameters (incontinence severity, frequency of voiding, nocturia, incontinence episodes and the number of pads, symptom severity, and incontinence‐related QoL) at the end of the treatment compared to the baseline values in women with UUI who had received BT (p < 0.001). The treatment success rate was 35.5%. In the multivariate analysis (OR, 95% CI), the treatment was found to be more successful in women with higher education levels (p = 0.012, p = 0.029) and of younger ages (p = 0.004).ConclusionIt can be concluded that the BT given to women with UUI is effective in reducing incontinence severity, frequency, nocturia, incontinence episodes, number of pads, symptom severity, and improving QoL. Young age and high education levels are the predictive factors in the treatment success of BT in women with UUI. For this reason, these predictive factors should be considered in determining the treatment strategy for women with UUI.
Are we underusing peripheral parenteral nutrition? A 5‐year retrospective review of inpatient parenteral nutrition practices
Authors: van der Walt Ashley , Watt Amanda , Kaushik Vishal , Osland Emma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) represents an alternative option to central parenteral nutrition (CPN) for patients requiring short‐term parenteral nutrition (PN). We hypothesized that the use of PPN could be increased in certain patient cohorts referred for PN in our facility.MethodsA retrospective observational study investigating the clinical characteristics of patients receiving PN under the nutrition support team over a 5‐year period was undertaken. Patients who received PPN were reviewed descriptively. Of the patients who received CPN, representative samples were grouped into those who received PN for ≤7 or >7–28 days (n = 100 each, randomly assigned). Clinical characteristics considered included indication, duration and referring team for PN, and nutrition status. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model for predictors of PN duration of ≤7 or >7–28 days were derived.ResultsOnly four patients received PPN for a median of 4 days, most of whom required this route because of loss of central venous access for CPN. A high proportion of patients with no enteral access received CPN for ≤7 days, whereas the majority of patients with malabsorption required >7–28 days of CPN. Being referred for PN following upper gastrointestinal surgery increased the likelihood of CPN use for >7 days (relative risk, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.7–18.9; P = 0.004).ConclusionWithin our service, PN referrals for no enteral access may represent a group in whom PPN could be used in the first instance; those referred with an indication of malabsorption or following upper gastrointestinal surgery may benefit from early commencement of CPN.
BAYESIAN INTERPRETATION OF CLUSTER‐ROBUST SUBGROUP IMPACT ESTIMATES: THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS
Authors: Lipman Erin R. , Deke John , Finucane Mariel M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolicymakers are often interested in understanding the impact of an intervention on specific subgroups, not just an overall population. But analyzing subgroup impacts poses challenges. Subgroup estimates are noisier than whole population estimates due to smaller sample sizes. In addition, within the null hypothesis significance testing framework, the chance of a statistically significant impact estimate—where in truth the policy has no meaningful impact—grows rapidly with the number of subgroups considered. Hierarchical Bayesian models address these problems by using partial pooling of information between subgroups to make precise estimates of effects even in smaller subgroups and to correct for the multiple comparisons problem in a data driven way. However, Bayesian models can be computationally infeasible with large data. We propose a “best of both worlds” hybrid approach that combines the low computational cost of fitting non‐Bayesian models with the interpretability and precision of Bayesian models. We use a health policy simulation to show that, compared to its non‐Bayesian counterpart, this hybrid approach produces more precise estimates and more accurately estimates the probability of favorable subgroup impacts, both of which can lead to healthcare cost savings in a plausible policy scenario with small heterogeneous impacts.
‘Door‐to‐door’: An emerging transnational business model along the Global North‐Global South migration corridor
Authors: Kandilige Leander , Ampah Geraldine A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe transnational focus in migration studies since the turn of the 20th century has discussed migrants and their migration activities as spanning both origin and destination countries. Migrants' lives and their activities in both origin and destination countries have also been discussed in‐depth in several studies. However, businesses that facilitate in‐kind transnational links migrants maintain with their relatives and friends back home have received far less attention in the literature. This paper bridges this gap by focusing extensively on ‘door‐to‐door’ a transnational business model that makes in‐kind remittance transfers possible for migrants and their friends and relatives. This exploratory paper discusses the origins, structure, and operations of these businesses in Ghana and in the United Kingdom and the benefits as well as challenges they encounter within the transnational space. We do this by drawing on interviews conducted with Ghanaian migrant‐owned shipping businesses in the United Kingdom and their partners in Ghana.
The safe space of transnational friendships of young adults migrating from Essaouira, Morocco
Authors: Naus Luca , Kinsbergen Sara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWithin the field of international migration, most studies focusing on home‐based migrant social networks tend to focus on family relations, whereas the role of the friends who stay behind is largely neglected. This study explores how friendships affect and are affected by, international migration. Via an ethnographic approach, we have analysed the experiences of 16 young adults who stayed behind in the sending region of Essaouira, Morocco. In contrast with the pressures experienced within family relations, friendships emerged as an important source of socio‐emotional support for migrants, thereby functioning as safe spaces. Building on the findings, we argue that for a more comprehensive understanding of the social embeddedness of migration, friendships should be considered along with family relations.
Industry tournament incentives and differential risk taking
Authors: Abdoh Hussein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines how industry tournament incentives affect chief executive officers' (CEOs') attitudes toward differential risk‐taking. The results show that these incentives cause a greater increase in taking systematic rather than idiosyncratic risks. Furthermore, this differential risk‐taking manifests in a competitive business environment. The findings hold robust to the instrumental variable approach and variation in industry pay gap following the adoption of FAS123R. Overall, the results suggest that the industry pay gap effectively increases CEOs' systematic risk‐taking, especially in competitive industries.
Radar and multispectral remote sensing data accurately estimate vegetation vertical structure diversity as a fire resilience indicator
Authors: Fernández‐Guisuraga José Manuel , Suárez‐Seoane Susana , Calvo Leonor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structural complexity of plant communities contributes to maintaining the ecosystem functioning in fire‐prone landscapes and plays a crucial role in driving ecological resilience to fire. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resilience to fire off several plant communities with reference to the temporal evolution of their vertical structural diversity (VSD) estimated from the data fusion of C‐band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter (Sentinel‐1) and multispectral remote sensing reflectance (Sentinel‐2) in a burned landscape of the western Mediterranean Basin. We estimated VSD in the field 1 and 2 years after fire using Shannon's index as a measure of vertical heterogeneity in vegetation structure from the vegetation cover in several strata, both in burned and unburned control plots. Random forest (RF) was used to model VSD in the control (analogous to prefire scenario) and burned plots (1 year after fire) using as predictors (i) Sentinel‐1 VV and VH backscatter coefficients and (ii) surface reflectance of Sentinel‐2 bands. The transferability of the RF model from 1 to 2 years after wildfire was also evaluated. We generated VSD prediction maps across the study site for the prefire scenario and 1 to 4 years postfire. RF models accurately explained VSD in unburned control plots (R2 = 87.68; RMSE = 0.16) and burned plots 1 year after fire (R2 = 80.48; RMSE = 0.13). RF model transferability only involved a reduction in the VSD predictive capacity from 0.13 to 0.20 in terms of RMSE. The VSD of each plant community 4 years after the fire disturbance was significantly lower than in the prefire scenario. Plant communities dominated by resprouter species featured significantly higher VSD recovery values than communities dominated by facultative or obligate seeders. Our results support the applicability of SAR and multispectral data fusion for monitoring VSD as a generalizable resilience indicator in fire‐prone landscapes.
Tunable Structured MXenes With Modulated Atomic Environments: A Powerful New Platform for Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion
Authors: Xiao Sutong , Zheng Yijuan , Wu Xizheng , Zhou Mi , Rong Xiao , Wang Liyun , Tang Yuanjiao , Liu Xikui , Qiu Li , Cheng Chong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOwing to their rich surface chemistry, high conductivity, tunable bandgap, and thermal stability, structured 2D transition‐metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) with modulated atomic environments have emerged as efficient electrochemical energy conversion systems in the past decade. Herein, the most recent advances in the engineering of tunable structured MXenes as a powerful new platform for electrocatalytic energy conversion are comprehensively summarized. First, the state‐of‐the‐art synthetic and processing methods, tunable nanostructures, electronic properties, and modulation principles of engineering MXene‐derived nanoarchitectures are focused on. The current breakthroughs in the design of catalytic centers, atomic environments, and the corresponding structure–performance correlations, including termination engineering, heteroatom doping, defect engineering, heterojunctions, and alloying, are discussed. Furthermore, representative electrocatalytic applications of structured MXenes in energy conversion systems are also summarized. Finally, the challenges in and prospects for constructing MXene‐based electrocatalytic materials are also discussed. This review provides a leading‐edge understanding of the engineering of various MXene‐based electrocatalysts and offers theoretical and experimental guidance for prospective studies, thereby promoting the practical applications of tunable structured MXenes in electrocatalytic energy conversion systems.
Exploration of Twin‐Modified Grain Boundary Engineering in Metallic Copper Predominated Electromagnetic Wave Absorber
Authors: Liang Hongsheng , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh density and skin effect restrict the research progress of metal predominated electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) materials. Although some works try to solve it, they do not focus on the metal itself and do not involve the optimization of the active site of the inherent defects of the metal. In this work, the modulation of morphology, composition, interface, defects, and conductivity is achieved by adjusting the ratio of copper salt to reducing agent chitosan. Uniquely, the appearance of twin boundaries (TBs) accelerates the ability of the homogeneous interfaces to transfer charges, resists the oxidation of metal Cu0, keeps the high electric conductivity of Cu0 nanoparticles, and enhances the conduction loss, which provides a boost for electromagnetic wave dissipation. As a result, the metal Cu0 predominated absorber (Cu‐NC (N‐doped carbon)−10,) exhibits an ultra‐width effective absorption band of 8.28 GHz (9.72–18.00 GHz) at a thickness of 2.47 mm and the minimum reflection loss (RL) value of −63.8 dB with a thickness of 2.01 mm. In short, this work explores the EM regulation mechanism of TBs compared with grain boundaries (GBs), which provides a new insight for the rational design of metal predominated EMA materials.
The recent progress of inorganic‐based intelligent responsive nanoplatform for tumor theranostics
Authors: Yang Zebin , Chen Hangrong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInorganic nanoplatform exhibits great potentials in drug delivery and responsive release attributed to its inherent physicochemical properties, good biocompatibility, surface modification, and easy synthesis. In this review, the recent progresses on the inorganic smart bio‐responsive nanoplatforms for tumor theranostics are summarized, which could be triggered by either endogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) or the exogenous physical and hopeful to achieve safe, precise, and high efficacy for tumor therapy. Notably, these nanoplatforms generally are dependent on the intelligent and multifunctional design of nanocarriers, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), black phosphorus (BP), Prussian blue (PB), and other inorganic‐based nanoparticles. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of inorganic nanoplatform in the future translational medicine are proposed.
On the Limits of State-of-the-Art GNSS Receivers in Frequency Transfer
Authors: Krawinkel Thomas , Schön Steffen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
GNSS frequency transfer (FT) based on precise point positioning delivers instability values down to sub-10−16 between two modern receivers. In the present study we investigate the technical limits such receivers impose on FT by means of a dedicated experiment at Germany’s national metrology institute (PTB). For this purpose, four geodetic receivers, two of the same type each, were all connected to one single antenna and fed by the highly stable UTC (PTB) frequency signal. Since all error sources affecting the satellite signals are the same for all receivers, they cancel out when forming receiver-to-receiver single differences (SDs). Due to the fact that the remaining SD carrier phase ambiguities can be easily fixed to integer values, only the relative receiver clock error remains in the SDs. We assess the instability of three different receiver combinations, two with the same receiver type (intra-receiver) and one with different types (inter-receiver). The intra-receiver pairs reach lower instability values faster than the inter-receiver combination, which is in part caused by the different signal tracking modes of the receivers. To be specific, the 10−18 instability range was only reached by the intra-receiver pairs, whereas the inter-receiver combination already hits its noise floor at about 1.5 ⋅ 10−17. In addition, our analysis of using different observation type combinations only shows small differences regarding the link instability.
Soziokulturelle (Über-)Prägungen ländlicher Regionalentwicklung im Alpenraum durch Urbanisierung und Globalisierung
Authors: Wytrzens Hans Karl 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung alpiner Regionen ist weltumspannenden, wirtschaftlichen, demografischen, sozialen und kulturellen – im Beitrag schlaglichtartig aufgezeigten – Einflüssen ausgesetzt, die sich unter den Schlagworten Urbanisierung und Globalisierung zusammenfassen lassen. Was sich dadurch soziokulturell in den Alpen verändert hat und was der Wandel für die Regionalentwicklung bedeutet, ergründet ein Literaturreview. Urbanisierung und Globalisierung hinterlassen im soziokulturellen Geschehen vor Ort mannigfache Spuren, die von vielfältigen Vernetzungen und einer gewissen Fremdsteuerung zeugen sowie autonomes Reagieren evozieren. Dabei steht die Regionalentwicklung vor den Herausforderungen, trotz wachsender Pluralität und Diversität eine einheitliche Orientierung zu finden, sich strukturell zu reorganisieren, Kooperationen und Netzwerke auszubauen und Partizipation trotz der Multilokalität großer Teile der Bevölkerung sicherzustellen.
Nahe Ferne, weite Nähe? Ein Analyserahmen für Dimensionen der Nähe in lokalen und transkontinentalen alternativen Lebensmittelnetzwerken
Authors: Gugerell Christina , Edelmann Hanna , Penker Marianne 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungAlternative Lebensmittelnetzwerke zielen darauf ab, durch direkte Kontakte, Kommunikation und Vertrauen Nähe zwischen den beteiligten Akteurinnen und Akteuren herzustellen. Der Beitrag stellt einen deduktiv entwickelten Analyserahmen vor. Dieser dient zur Untersuchung geografischer und relationaler (organisatorischer, institutioneller, kognitiver, sozialer) Nähedimensionen, die in alternativen Lebensmittelnetzwerken wirksam sein können. Die Einsatzbreite des Analyserahmens wird anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen demonstriert – einer solidarischen Landwirtschaft im Umland Wiens sowie einen Kaffeedirekthandel zwischen Peru und Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich in alternativen Lebensmittelnetzwerken relationale Nähe auch dann entwickeln kann, wenn keine dauerhafte geografische Nähe gegeben ist.
Factors Influencing Farmers’ Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kropf Bernadette , Mitter Hermine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearchers increasingly explore farmers’ climate change behavior and the respective influencing factors. This has resulted in extensive, but hitherto unstructured knowledge. We analyze 50 peer-reviewed scientific studies and identify behavioral factors and their influence on farmers’ mitigation and adaptation behavior. Our results show a broad variety of behavioral factors, including cognitive factors which refer to perceptions of a specific risk or behavior, social factors which are influenced by farmers’ interactions with their social peers, and factors which depend on farmers’ personal disposition. Depending on the characteristics of the respective behavioral factor, the implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures is facilitated or impeded.
Shaping New Rural and Mountain Narratives: Priorities for Challenges and Opportunities in Mountain Research
Authors: Dax Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, analyses on spatial change have addressed mountains as specific and crucial places for resilience and global sustainable development pathways. Comprehensive studies have recognized the complexity of "mountain" research issues at local to global levels. This article takes stock of the emerging shift in priorities across European research towards analyzing interactions in social-ecological systems of mountain areas. The analysis builds on long-term engagement in mountain research networks, the elaboration of a European mountain research strategy, and expert interviews on key requirements for research on mountain opportunities and challenges. In order to understand the complex interrelations of mountain social-ecological systems, it is crucial to apply inter- and transdisciplinary methods enabling the elaboration of new narratives on mountain research that address pressing societal challenges.
Eine geschlechtergerechte ländliche Gesellschaft zwischen Vision und Realität: Eine diskursive Annäherung
Authors: Oedl-Wieser Theresia 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungLändliche Regionen sind gesellschaftliche Teilräume, in denen sich kontinuierlich sozialer und wirtschaftlicher Wandel vollzieht. Aufgrund der Heterogenität dieser Teilräume können Geschlechterverhältnisse und die damit verknüpften Normen und Praktiken unterschiedlich verfasst sein und sich auf die Gestaltungsmacht, die Partizipation und die Arbeitsteilung von Frauen und Männern verschieden auswirken. Der Beitrag präsentiert die Vision einer geschlechtergerechten ländlichen Gesellschaft, die auf Gleichheit, soziale Vielfalt sowie Offenheit und Toleranz gegenüber alternativen Lebensentwürfen abzielt sowie soziale Inklusion und Innovationen fördert. Die Betrachtung des Status quo von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in der ländlichen Gesellschaft in Österreich offenbart, dass es zahlreicher politischer und gesellschaftlicher Anstrengungen bedarf, um strukturelle Hindernisse zu überwinden und diese Vision umzusetzen. Die Rurale Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung kann hier einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten.
Tierwohlstandards für Milchkühe im Berggebiet: Haltungsform oder Werthaltung?
Authors: Schermer Markus 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Ankündigung eines österreichischen Lebensmitteldiskonters im Herbst 2018, dass Lieferantinnen und Lieferanten seiner Biomarke ab sofort allen Tieren ganzjährig mindestens zwei Stunden Auslauf pro Tag gewähren müssten und zudem ab 2021 nur noch Milch aus Laufstallhaltung angenommen würde, führte zu Protesten der betroffenen Betriebsleiterinnen und -leiter und feuerte eine allgemeine Debatte über Tierwohl in der alpinen Milchviehhaltung an. Während eine Gruppe die Laufstallhaltung als einziges zukunftsfähiges System befürwortet, verteidigt eine andere die traditionelle Kombinationshaltung (Anbindehaltung im Winter und Weidegang bzw. Alpung während der Vegetationsperiode). Der Beitrag soll zeigen, dass die beiden Positionen in den unterschiedlichen Bewirtschaftungs- und Denkstilen der Landwirtschaft verankert sind. Der Lebensmittelhandel argumentiert seine Vorgaben mit den gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen an das Tierwohl. Gleichzeitig prägt er damit diese Erwartungen und reduziert das Tierwohl auf eine Haltungsform. Zudem wirken diese privaten Standards performativ auf die Landwirtschaftsvertretung und die Vorgaben der öffentlichen Hand. Dies verstärkt den Strukturwandel in der Landwirtschaft, wodurch genau jene Betriebe zu verschwinden drohen, die in der Werbung präsentiert werden.