bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in inhibitory control does not influence social rank, foraging efficiency, or risk taking, in red junglefowl females
Authors: Garnham Laura Clare , Boddington Robert , Løvlie Hanne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndividual variation in cognition, seen in many taxa, is not well understood, despite its potential evolutionary consequences. Inhibitory control is an aspect of cognition which differs between individuals. However, how selection could act on this variation remains unclear. First, individual consistency over time of behaviours affected by inhibitory control, and how these behaviours relate to each other, is not well understood. Second, consequences in ecologically relevant contexts of variation in behaviours affected by inhibitory control, are scarcely investigated. Therefore, we explored the temporal consistency and inter-relatedness of two behaviours influenced by inhibitory control (impulsive action and persistence) and how these link to social rank, foraging efficiency, and risk taking in adult female red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). We measured impulsive action in a detour test, and persistence in both a detour test and a foraging test. Impulsive action and persistence, measured in a detour test, were moderately consistent over time, and positively correlated. This implies that selection could act on inhibitory control via these behaviours, and selection on one behaviour could affect the other. However, we found no evidence of links between inhibitory control and social rank, foraging efficiency, or risk taking. This implies that selection may not act on inhibitory control via these measures, and that, in general, there may be a lack of strong selection on inhibitory control. This, in turn, could help explain individual variation in this aspect of cognition. Future research should explore the specificity of when inhibitory control has implications for individuals, and continue to investigate how variation in cognitive traits influences how individuals behave in contexts with potential evolutionary implications.
Composite global indicators from survey data: the Global Economic Barometers
Authors: Abberger Klaus , Graff Michael , Müller Oliver , Sturm Jan-Egbert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a coincident and a leading composite monthly indicator for the world business cycle—the Global Economic Barometers. Both target the world’s output growth rate and consist of economic tendency surveys results from many countries around the world. The calculation of these indicators comprises two main stages. The first consists of a variable selection procedure, in which a pre-set correlation threshold and the targeted leads to the reference series are used as selection criteria. In the second stage, the selected variables are combined and transformed into the respective composite indicators, computed as the first partial least squares factor with the reference series as response variable. We analyse the characteristics of the two new indicators in a pseudo real-time setting and demonstrate that both are useful additions to the small number of indicators for the global business cycle published so far. Finally, yet importantly, the Barometers were quick to plunge in the beginning of March 2020 and have since then given a reliable real-time reflection of the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The multi-depot k-traveling repairman problem
Authors: Bruni Maria Elena , Khodaparasti Sara , Martínez-Salazar Iris , Nucamendi-Guillén Samuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the multi-depot k-traveling repairman problem. This problem extends the traditional traveling repairman problem to the multi-depot case. Its objective, similar to the single depot variant, is the minimization of the sum of the arrival times to customers. We propose two distinct formulations to model the problem, obtained on layered graphs. In order to find feasible solutions for the largest instances, we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm where initial solutions are built using a splitting heuristic and a local search is embedded into the genetic algorithm. The efficiency of the mathematical formulations and of the solution approach are investigated through computational experiments. The proposed models are scalable enough to solve instances up to 240 customers.
Is economic history changing its nature? Evidence from top journals
Authors: Cioni Martina , Federico Giovanni , Vasta Michelangelo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA recent stream of literature argues that economic history is expanding its aim of looking for the historical roots of current outcomes (persistence studies) and that it is increasingly integrating with economics. This paper tests these claims with a new database of about 2500 articles published from 2001 to 2018 in the top five economic history journals and in eight leading economics journals. Our results do not confirm this optimistic narrative. Despite a growing interest by economists, economic history and a fortiori persistence studies are still marginal in economics journals. Furthermore, substantial differences between articles in the two groups of outlets are visible. Only a few authors have published in both economics and economic history journals. Publishing in the top five economics journals yields more citations than in top-field journals, but this is not necessarily true for other prestigious economics journals.
Animal Feed from Microalgae Grown on Biogas Digestate as Sustainable Alternative to Imported Soybean Meal
Authors: Elshamy Mohamed , Rösch Christine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work investigates microalgae’s potential to reduce North-Western Europe environmental burden from excess nitrogen polluting groundwater and provide an environmental replacement for current animal feed. Algae uptake nutrients from nutrient-rich digestate from biogas plants and turn them into high-value feedstock, which can substitute soybean meal imported from overseas and avoid deforestation of rainforests. Life cycle assessments were conducted based on novel and original data from engineers in academia and industry, acquired through pilot-scale research facilities in the UK, France, and Belgium. The findings of this study highlight the environmental impacts of three different technologies with varying scales of production. Mixotrophic algal feed production shows higher productivities and fewer energy demands than the phototrophic systems. Still, the process is less favourable due to higher impacts on human health and ecosystems than imported soybean meal, whereas the impact on resources is more negligible. Sensitive analysis indicates that further technological development, increased productivities, and renewable energy use can improve the environmental competitiveness of algal feedstock. Since this process is a promising solution for making feedstock out of excess nutrients and having an alternative source for imported soybean meal with a comparable, efforts to realize these improvements and successfully upscaling algal feedstock production in combination with biogas plants are justified and can improve the environmental footprint of algal biomass production.
Gruppenweite Vergütungsstruktur und Governance
Authors: Böffel Lukas 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungVergütungssysteme in Versicherungsgruppen stellen Wissenschaft und Praxis vor Herausforderungen. So erweisen sich die Rechtsgrundlagen, auf denen das Vergütungsrecht aufbaut, als defizitär. Es ist unklar, ob Art. 275 Solvency II-VO wirksam ist und inwiefern die Vergütung als Teil der allgemeinen Governance-Anforderungen oder des Risikomanagements angesehen werden kann. Zudem bestehen Zweifel, ob Art. 275 Solvency II-VO auf Gruppenebene entsprechend anwendbar ist. Hierfür kommt es darauf an, inwiefern die Vorschrift von Art. 246 Abs. 1 Solvency II-RL erfasst wird. Diese Überlegungen werden durch eine vergleichende Analyse des bankaufsichtsrechtlichen Vergütungssystems flankiert. Darauf aufbauend fragt sich, wie der Vorstand des Mutterunternehmens eine gruppenweite Vergütungsstruktur umsetzen soll, da diese aufsichtsrechtliche Verpflichtung nicht von aufsichtsrechtlichen Durchsetzungsbefugnissen begleitet wird. Das schreibt das Versicherungskonzernrecht als Umsetzungsregime für das Vergütungssystem pars pro toto auf die Agenda.
Ground motion characteristics and their cumulative impacts to burst risks in underground coal mines
Authors: Wang Changbin , Si Guangyao , Zhang Chengguo , Cao Anye , Canbulat Ismet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ground motions resulting from seismic waves are one of the main factors to trigger coal burst hazards in underground mines. Ground motion induced dynamic impacts may apply to the highly stressed coal/rock mass and initiate dynamic failure. Although ground motion analysis has been widely used in burst-prone hard rock mines for designing support systems, there are only few studies focusing on the understanding ground motion characteristics in coal mines and their relationship with the coal burst damage. Therefore, based on nine-months seismic monitoring in a case study coal mine, this paper conducted a thorough analysis on quantifying ground motions to roadways in both far-field and near-field zones and correlating strong ground motions to actual coal burst damage. The results showed that most far-field ground motions were insignificant, which were less likely to initiate coal burst damage. However, with the same energy levels and hypocentral distances, the seismic events in coal mines can produce higher far-field ground motions than those in hard rock mines. Compared with the far-field ground motions, the near-field ground motions had much higher intensities. The strong dynamic impacts induced by the near-field ground motions may trigger dynamic failure in coal or rock mass when it is already critically stressed. An index called the number of high ground motions (NHGM) was developed to link ground motions with burst risks in roadways. The roadway zone that had experienced a long history of intensive ground motions, indicated by a higher degree of NHGM, were more likely to expect coal bursts in the future.

Article highlights

Quantify ground motions to roadways in both far-field and near-field zones in underground coal mines.

Demonstrate the relationship between ground motion intensity and coal burst damage.

Develop a method to forecast potential burst damage zones in roadways based on historical ground motions.
Higher topological complexity of hyperbolic groups
Authors: Hughes Sam , Li Kevin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe prove for non-elementary torsion-free hyperbolic groups $$\Gamma $$
Γ
and all $$r\ge 2$$

r
≥
2

that the higher topological complexity $${\textsf {TC}}_r(\Gamma )$$

TC
r

(
Γ
)

is equal to $$r\cdot \mathrm {cd}(\Gamma )$$

r
·
cd
(
Γ
)

. In particular, hyperbolic groups satisfy the rationality conjecture on the $${\textsf {TC}}$$
TC
-generating function, giving an affirmative answer to a question of Farber and Oprea. More generally, we show that the same conclusions hold for certain toral relatively hyperbolic groups.
A trial to convert a polymer FDM 3D printer to handle clay materials
Authors: Chaari Mohamed Zied , Abdelfatah Mohamed , Loreno Christopher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe research aims to show the ability to convert the Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printer to be compatible with the clay mixture after modifying the structure, setting up Cura software, and changing the print head technology. This solution provides research teams and scientists with opportunities in several ways (manufacture patch antenna substrate, dielectric automobile sensors, and ceramic dielectric aerospace technology). Additive manufacturing allows the production of many intricate shapes with ceramics, which is difficult with a traditional method. This paper used WASP ceramic slurry as raw material for Liquid Deposition Modeling (LDM) of various samples using the Archimedes screw and air pressure dispensing technique (a two-step process). LDM is a low-cost and straightforward technology appropriate for the clay prototype scale. Different clay-built shapes have been produced with water-to-clay ratios ranging from 0.57 to 0.69. The effect of the nozzle size in printing experiment tests is demonstrated. The experiment tested the print head (extruder) mechanism, the properties of the materials suitable for the putty, and how the wet slurry material is extruded from the nozzle. The optimum air pressure and slicing configuration for efficient printing are provided. Samples were stress-tested after they were dried for 24 h at average laboratory temperature and then exposed to 1000$$^\circ $$

∘

for 1 h.
Policy Dialogue: Teaching Environmentalism on a Warming Planet
Authors: Baker Zeke , Gehlbach Hunter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs the world reckons with the existential threat posed by climate change, the US remains deeply divided about the need for action. The solution to this problem, many have argued, begins with teaching environmentalism in primary and secondary schools and fostering receptivity to environmental issues and environmental science among the next generation. This strategy, of course, comes with its own set of challenges. Where does climate change fit in the school curriculum? What can teachers do in their classrooms to mitigate the influence of partisan politics? How can an abstract global phenomenon be made real at the local level? If K-12 education has a role to play in the broader project of environmental conservation, such questions need to be answered.For this Policy Dialogue, the HEQ editors asked Zeke Baker and Hunter Gehlbach to explore the challenges and opportunities inherent in educating the next generation about climate change, drawing on analogues from the past and scholarship from the present to help us better understand the future. Gehlbach is a professor and vice dean at the Johns Hopkins University School of Education. Thanks to a mid-career fellowship from the Spencer Foundation, much of his research focus has shifted toward investigating how social psychological approaches might improve environmental education. Baker is an assistant professor of sociology at Sonoma State University. His research explores the development and use of climate science, especially insofar as climate knowledge is embedded in social relationships of power.HEQ Policy Dialogues are, by design, intended to promote an informal, free exchange of ideas between scholars. At the end of the exchange, we offer references for readers who wish to follow up on sources relevant to the discussion.
The “School Question” in an Imperial Context: Education and Religion during and following the Occupations of Cuba and Puerto Rico
Authors: Jarvinen Lisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe United States occupations of Cuba and Puerto Rico following the War of 1898 instituted immediate reforms to the educational systems of the islands. The imposition of public school systems modeled on those of the United States and a concurrent wave of Protestant schools established by American missionaries are well-known features of the imperialist project. Yet American reforms were shaped by what was known in the nineteenth century as “the school question,” or the controversy over the appropriate relationship between schooling, religion, and the government that had pitted the Protestant majority against Catholics and resulted in a consensus that religious-affiliated education should be permitted but relegated to the private sphere. The implementation of this consensus as the basis of occupation policy in Cuba and Puerto Rico, majority Catholic societies, contributed to the significant growth of a system of private Catholic schools and sparked debate about the relationship between religion, education, and nationalism. In an imperial context, “the school question” led to political polarization in the face of persistent US hegemony.
Perinatal mental health service development across the UK – many achievements, growing challenges
Authors: Cantwell Roch 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerinatal mental health service development had early beginnings in the UK, and there has been rapid expansion over the past decade. As individual nations address need in their own jurisdictions, differences in service models and priorities have emerged. Innovative opportunities for addressing maternal and infant mental health needs must be balanced against the demands brought about by societal change and the COVID-19 pandemic. With such significant change, there is a unique opportunity for services and service planners to share good practice and learn from others’ successes and challenges.
Buying Brokers
Authors: Hicken Allen , Aspinall Edward , Weiss Meredith L. , Muhtadi Burhanuddin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudies of electoral clientelism—the contingent exchange of material benefits for electoral support—frequently presume the presence of strong parties. Parties facilitate monitoring and enforcement of vote buying and allow brokers to identify core voters for turnout buying. Where money fuels campaigns but elections center around candidates, not parties, how do candidates pitch electoral handouts? The authors analyze candidates’ distribution of cash during an Indonesian election. Drawing upon varied data, including surveys of voters and brokers, candidates’ cash-distribution lists, and focus-group discussions, they find heavy spending but little evidence of vote buying or turnout buying. Instead, candidates buy brokers. With little loyalty or party brand to draw on, candidates seek to establish credibility with well-networked brokers, who then protect their turf with token payments for their own presumed bloc of voters. The authors find little evidence of monitoring of either voter or broker behavior, which is consistent with their argument that these payments are noncontingent.
Government Policies, New Voter Coalitions, and the Emergence of Ethnic Dimension in Party Systems
Authors: Mor Maayan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConventional theories of ethnic politics argue that political entrepreneurs form ethnic parties where there is ethnic diversity. Yet empirical research finds that diversity is a weak predictor for the success of ethnic parties. When does ethnicity become a major element of party competition? Scholars have explained the emergence of an ethnic dimension in party systems as the result of institutions, mass organizations, and elite initiatives. But these factors can evolve in response to an emerging ethnic coalition of voters. The author advances a new theory: ethnic cleavages emerge when voters seek to form a parliamentary opposition to government policies that create grievances along ethnic identities. The theory is tested on rare cases of government policies in Prussia between 1848 and 1874 that aggrieved Catholics but were not based on existing policies or initiated by entrepreneurs to encourage ethnic competition. Using process tracing, case comparisons, and statistical analysis of electoral returns, the author shows that Catholics voted together when aggrieved by policies, regardless of the actions of political entrepreneurs. In contrast, when policies were neutral to Catholics, the Catholic party dissolved.
What They Talk About When They Talk About Homelessness: Discourse and Knowledge Culture as a Barrier to Integrated Policy Initiatives
Authors: FLÅTO MAJA 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntegrated government initiatives have become a common approach following the institutional fragmentation of New Public Management reforms. Complex societal issues require equally complex solutions, which sectorial units of government cannot attend to alone. However, integrated policy initiatives are prone to a range of obstacles. Using a study of policymaking aimed at homelessness in Norway as a case, this paper discusses how sectorial-shared knowledge creates barriers to a common view of policy problems and solutions. Engaging theories of governmental fragmentation, coordination, discourse, and epistemic cultures enable an exploration of how the involved policy sectors understand and address homelessness. The findings indicate that all policy sectors seem to recognise their responsibility within a social welfare frame, but despite having cooperated for several years, embeddedness in sectorial discourse and epistemic culture causes differing problem definitions. Established terms and categories within homelessness policies are filled with content according to epistemic embeddedness, thereby contributing to obscure the differences, rather than integrate the policy initiatives.
Comparing Rubin and Pearl’s causal modelling frameworks: a commentary on Markus (2021)
Authors: Weinberger Naftali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMarkus (2021) argues that the causal modelling frameworks of Pearl and Rubin are not ‘strongly equivalent’, in the sense of saying ‘the same thing in different ways’. Here I rebut Markus’ arguments against strong equivalence. The differences between the frameworks are best illuminated not by appeal to their causal semantics, but rather reflect pragmatic modelling choices.
Percutaneous tricuspid valve implantation: an alternative in critically ill patients
Authors: Lafuente-Romero Alvaro , Balbacid Domingo Enrique José , Abelleira Pardeiro Cesar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTricuspid valvulopathy has gained a lot of attention in recent years, especially due to the advances in percutaneous management. CHD can present with primary or secondary malfunction of the tricuspid valve, often not addressed due to high surgical risk after several interventions. We present two cases of adults with complex congenital heart malformations and borderline clinical situations who successfully underwent percutaneous tricuspid replacement.
Topical language generation using transformers
Authors: Zandie Rohola , Mahoor Mohammad H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLarge-scale transformer-based language models (LMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in open-text generation. However, controlling the generated text’s properties such as the topic, style, and sentiment is challenging and often requires significant changes to the model architecture or retraining and fine-tuning the model on new supervised data. This paper presents a novel approach for topical language generation (TLG) by combining a pre-trained LM with topic modeling information. We cast the problem using Bayesian probability formulation with topic probabilities as a prior, LM probabilities as the likelihood, and TLG probability as the posterior. In learning the model, we derive the topic probability distribution from the user-provided document’s natural structure. Furthermore, we extend our model by introducing new parameters and functions to influence the quantity of the topical features presented in the generated text. This feature would allow us to easily control the topical properties of the generated text. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art results on coherency, diversity, and fluency while being faster in decoding.