bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of VS2/NiS Nanocomposites by In Situ Growing NiS Clusters on VS2 Ultrathin Nanoplates for High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chen Xin , Cheng Siyu , Li Runfa , E Yi , Jiang Meng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNovel transition metal sulfide composite VS2/NiS nanomaterials are synthesized through a two‐step route, where VS2 was synthesized by colloidal chemical method, and NiS was in situ grown between the ultrathin and defective VS2 through a hydrothermal method. The composites showed VS2 nanoplates wrapped with a NiS clusters structure. Under the 1 : 7 optimal composite ratio, the VS2/NiS electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 2416.5 F/g at 1 A/g, the specific capacitance stays at 930.2 F/g when the current density increases to 20 A/g. The asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with VS2/NiS‐1 : 7 and activated carbon electrodes also exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 69.58 Wh/kg at a power density of 874.9 W/kg and showed good cycling performance with 74.9 % capacitance retention after 3000 cycles. This work not only demonstrates the excellent performance of the VS2/NiS composites in supercapacitors, but also provided a new compound strategy for transition metal sulfides.
MIL‐47(V) Derived V2O5@Carbon Core‐Shell Microcuboids with Oxygen Vacancies as Advanced Conversion Cathodes for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Tianqi , Li Jinhang , Luo Zhengzhi , Zhang Yuqiang , Zhao Yingying , Zhang Xitian , Chen Yujin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVanadium pentoxide (V2O5) has been considered one of the most promising cathodes for zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) due to its outstanding theoretical capacity (589 mAh g−1). However, it remains great challenge to achieve the high capacity, limited to the poor electronic conductivity and sluggish ionic diffusion kinetics of V2O5. Herein, a controllable strategy is proposed to synthesize V2O5@carbon core‐shell microcuboids with oxygen vacancies (V2O5‐x@CCSMs) derived from MIL‐47(V) used for cathodes of ZIBs. The obtained V2O5‐x@CCSMs cathode delivers high capacities of 485.4 and 392.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 2.0 A g−1, respectively. The superior electrochemical performances originate from the nano‐sized particles of V2O5, oxygen vacancies and carbon shell. Further, ex‐situ XRD indicates V2O5 undergoes a shrinking core model conversion reaction at initial cycling to a new phase of Zn3V2O7(OH)2 ⋅ 2H2O, which is an ideal host for Zn2+. Our work offers an innovative strategy to develop high‐capacity cathode in ZIBs.
Diverse Supports for Immobilization of Catalysts in Continuous Flow Reactors
Authors: Lin Geyu , Qiu Huibin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of continuous flow processes is driving innovations in various chemical syntheses and industrial productions. Immobilizing catalysts in flow reactors allows transformations with high‐efficiency and excludes the subsequent separation procedures. This concept outlines the approaches to incorporate catalysts within flow reactors, with particular focus on the application of additional supports including inorganic materials like silica, zeolite and reduced graphene oxide, polymeric materials like polymer packings, monoliths, cross‐linked gels and polymer brushes, and other materials for specific conditions like transparent glass fibers and glass beads. Furthermore, advanced methods to develop ordered micro‐/nanoarrays from internal walls of flow channels for immobilization of catalysts as well as application of innovative vortex fluidic devices are discussed to inspire new designs of supports for novel fluidic reactors with broad applications.
2,3‐Disubstituted Fluorene Scaffold for Efficient Green Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wei Jia‐Jia , Yang Yong‐Jian , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Li Runlai , Li Shu‐an 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluorene is a classic three‐membered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and it has been widely used in optoelectronic devices. Here we explore a simple and efficient strategy for the derivatization at the 2‐ and 3‐ positions in fluorene unit. By introducing different types of substituents, we design two pairs of 2,3‐disubstituted fluorene isomers and use them as host materials for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). The green PHOLEDs hosted by these fluorene derivatives realize high external quantum efficiencies (EQE) over 20 % with low efficiency roll‐off. Particularly, the devices hosted by 2TRz3TPA and 2TPA3TRz achieve nearly 24 % EQE and 104 lm W−1power efficiency. These results clearly demonstrate that the 2,3‐disubstituted fluorene platforms are potentially useful for constructing host materials.
An Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Tool for Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Oligochalcogenides on Detachable Helical Peptide Templates
Authors: Laurent Quentin , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA model system is introduced as a general tool to elaborate on orthogonal templation of dynamic covalent ring‐opening polymerization (ODC‐TROP). The tool consists of 310 helical peptides as unprecedented templates and semicarbazones as orthogonal dynamic covalent linkers. With difficult‐to‐control 1,2‐dithiolanes, ODC‐TROP on the level of short model oligomers occurs with high templation efficiency, increasing and diminishing upon helix stabilization and denaturation, respectively. Further, an anti‐templated conjugate with mispositioned monomers gave reduced templation upon helix twisting. Even with the “unpolymerizable” 1,2‐diselenolanes, initial studies already afford mild templation efficiency. These proof‐of‐principle results promise that the here introduced tool, recyclable and enabling late‐stage side chain modification, will be useful to realize ODC‐TROP of intractable or unknown cyclic dynamic covalent monomers for dynamer materials as well as cellular uptake and signaling applications.
Remarkable enantioselectivity enhancement of the extractors with nonaxial chirality in liquid–liquid extraction of underivatized amino acids by introducing t‐butyl group
Authors: Jin Yingji , Chen Qian , Zhang Yan , Lee Yejeong , Kang Dayoung , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung‐Jin , Su Zhishan , Huang Haofei , Kim Kwan Mook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA class of carbonyl extractors, (R)‐3, (R)‐4, and (R)‐5, with nonaxial chirality containing asymmetric carbons has been synthesized and studied for their efficiencies in enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction for underivatized amino acids. The bulky t‐butyl ketone extractors, (R)‐4 and (R)‐5, showed the stereoselectivities ranging 5.4–9.4 of l/d ratio much better than those of the aldehyde extractor, (R)‐3, ranging 2.4–5.2. The imine formation rates and yields of the t‐butyl ketones were not significantly affected by their bulkiness and even in the absence of resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond. This work confirms that a bulky t‐butyl ketone can be a good choice in the development of an extractor not only with axial chirality but also with nonaxial chirality for the enantioselective extraction of unprotected amino acids.
Localized impacts and economic implications from high temperature disruption days under climate change
Authors: Summers Tim , Mackie Erik , Ueno Risa , Simpson Charles , Hosking J. Scott , Suciu Tudor , Coburn Andrew , Shuckburgh Emily 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost studies into the effects of climate change have headline results in the form of a global change in mean temperature. More useful for businesses and governments, however, are measures of the localized impact, and also of extremes rather than averages. We have addressed this by examining the change in frequency of exceeding a daily mean temperature threshold, defined as ‘disruption days’, as it is often this exceedance which has the most dramatic impacts on personal or economic behaviour. Our exceedance analysis tackles the resolution of climate change both geographically and temporally, the latter specifically to address the 5‐ to 20‐year time horizon which can be recognized in business planning.We apply bias correction with quantile mapping to meteorological reanalysis data from ECMWF ERA5 and output from CMIP5 climate model simulations. By determining the daily frequency at which a mean temperature threshold is exceeded in this bias‐corrected dataset, we can compare predicted and historic frequencies to estimate the change in the number of disruption days. Furthermore, by combining results from 18 different climate models, we can estimate the likelihood of more extreme events, taking into account model variations. This is useful for worst‐case scenario planning.Taking the city of Chicago as an example, the expected frequency of years with 40 or more disruption days above the 25°C threshold rises by a factor of four for a time period centred on 2040, compared with a period centred on 2000. Alternately, looking at the change in the number of days at a given likelihood, an example is Shenzhen, where the number of disruption days in a once‐per‐decade event exceeding the 25°C or 30°C threshold is expected to rise by a factor of four.In a future stage, superimposing these results onto maps of, for instance, GDP sensitivity or production days lost, will provide more accurate and targeted conclusions for future impacts of climate change. This method of quantifying costs on business‐relevant timescales will enable businesses and governments properly include risks associated with facilities, plan mitigating actions and make accurate provisions. It can also, for example, inform their disclosure of physical risks under the framework of the Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosures. This approach is equally applicable to other weather‐related, localized phenomena likely to be impacted by climate change.
Ablative liver radiotherapy for unresected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Patterns of care and survival in the United States
Authors: De Brian , Tran Cao Hop S. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Manzar Gohar S. , Corrigan Kelsey L. , Raghav Kanwal P. S. , Lee Sunyoung S. , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. , Minsky Bruce D. , Smith Grace L. , Holliday Emma B. , Taniguchi Cullen M. , Koong Albert C. , Das Prajnan , Javle Milind , Ludmir Ethan B. , Koay Eugene J. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSingle‐institution studies have shown the oncologic benefit of ablative liver radiotherapy (A‐RT) for patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, adoption of A‐RT across the United States and its associated outcomes are unknown.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Data Base for nonsurgically managed patients with ICC diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. Patients were labeled A‐RT for receipt of biologically effective doses (BED10) ≥ 80.5 Gy and conventional RT (Conv‐RT) for lower doses. Associations with A‐RT use and overall survival were identified using logistic and Cox regressions, respectively.ResultsOf 27,571 patients, the most common treatments were chemotherapy without liver RT (45%), no chemotherapy or liver RT (42%), and liver RT ± chemotherapy (13%). Use of liver RT remained constant over time. Of 1112 patients receiving liver RT with known doses, RT was 73% Conv‐RT (median BED10, 53 Gy; median, 20 fractions) and 27% A‐RT (median BED10, 100 Gy; median, 5 fractions). Use of A‐RT increased from 5% in 2004 to 48% in 2018 (Ptrend < .001). With a median follow‐up of 52.3 months, median survival estimates for Conv‐RT and A‐RT were 12.8 and 23.7 months (P < .001), respectively. On multivariable analysis, stage III and IV disease correlated with a higher risk of death, whereas chemotherapy and A‐RT correlated with a lower risk.ConclusionsAlthough A‐RT has been increasingly used, use of liver RT as a whole in the United States remained constant despite growing evidence supporting its use, suggesting continued unmet need. A‐RT is associated with longer survival versus Conv‐RT.Lay Summary

Bile duct cancer is a rare, deadly disease that often presents at advanced stages.

Single‐institution retrospective studies have demonstrated that use of high‐dose radiotherapy may be associated with longer survival, but larger studies have not been conducted.

We used a large, national cancer registry of patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 to show that liver radiotherapy use remains low in the United States, despite growing evidence that patients who receive it live longer. Furthermore, we showed that patients who received high‐dose radiotherapy lived longer than those who received lower doses.

Greater awareness of the benefits of liver radiotherapy is needed to improve patient outcomes.
Fuel‐Powered DNA Nanomachines for Biosensing and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInspired by biological motors, various artificial nanomachines and DNA motors have been fabricated to manipulate their motion on the nanometer scale, due to the high predictability and programmability of Watson‐Crick base pairing. Among them, a fuel‐powered DNA nanomachine is essentially a toehold‐mediated strand exchange reaction and its driving force mainly comes from the hybridization of fuel DNA. It can be initiated by an input strand and automatically operate with the assistance of fuel DNA, realizing input strand recycle and signal amplification. Meanwhile, it is used as a carrier to load various drugs, such as Dox, siRNA and photosensitizers. Due to its excellent cellular penetrability and biocompatibility, fuel‐powered DNA nanomachine usually enables operation inside living systems to execute all kinds of specific tasks according to the well‐designed DNA strand displacement reaction, such as biomarker imaging, DNA computing and cancer theranostic applications. Therefore, as a catalytic amplification strategy and intelligent drug release platform, fuel‐powered DNA nanomachine has attracted widespread attention in biosensors and cancer therapy. Hence, we present a Review on the design mechanism of fuel‐powered DNA nanomachines and recent research advances in bioimaging and cancer therapy. It is hoped that this Review will provide the constructive direction for the design of fuel‐powered DNA nanomachines and their applications in biological analysis and cancer treatment.
Dendrobine modulates autophagy to alleviate ox‐LDL‐induced oxidative stress and senescence in HUVECs
Authors: Lou Danfei , Xing Xinyue , Liang Yunyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDendrobine has potential advantages in suppressing atherosclerosis (AS). FK506‐binding protein 1A (FKBP1A) is implicated in the regulation of autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. To reveal the mechanism by which dendrobine inhibits AS by modulating autophagy, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and senescence. An in vitro AS cell model was induced by culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL). The cells were treated with dendrobine alone or in combination with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting FKBP1A or together with 3‐methyladenine (3MA), an autophagy inhibitor. Inflammatory cytokines levels tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β were analyzed and oxidative stress levels were detected by the analysis of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels, followed by the analysis of apoptosis levels through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Cell senescence was evaluated by senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase and light chain 3 (LC3) levels were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The targeting relationship of dendrobine and FKBP1A was predicted by SwissTarget, PyMol, Autodock, and Open Babel software. Dendrobine reduced the levels of proinflammation factors, oxidative stress levels, apoptosis levels, and senescence phenotype in ox‐LDL‐induced HUVECs. Besides, cell viability has an opposite change. Furthermore, there was an increase in LC3 IF tensity, and LC3‐II/I and Beclin1 expressions, and a decrease in p62 expression. However, these effects of dendrobine could be markedly destroyed by shRNA silencing FKBP1A and 3MA. Dendrobine can suppress inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and senescence via FKBP1A‐involved autophagy ox‐LDL‐treated HUVECs.
Wound care in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Mayur Omkar , Vedak Priyanka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe normal healing of a wound requires the body to progress through the three phases of wound repair: inflammation, tissue formation, followed by tissue remodeling. In patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, this normal wound healing progression may be impaired at various timepoints due to comorbid diseases, concomitant medical therapies, and disease‐specific considerations. These factors can impact both surgical and nonsurgicalnonsurgical hidradenitis wounds. Comprehensive wound care in hidradenitis, therefore, involves a thorough assessment of potential contributory factors and adjustments of modifiable factors.
Fire and forage quality: Postfire regrowth quality and pyric herbivory in subtropical grasslands of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Shyam Kumar , de Jong Joost F. , Hof Anouschka R. , Subedi Naresh , Joshi Laxmi Raj , Prins Herbert H. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFire is rampant throughout subtropical South and Southeast Asian grasslands. However, very little is known about the role of fire and pyric herbivory on the functioning of highly productive subtropical monsoon grasslands lying within the Cwa climatic region. We assessed the temporal effect of fire on postfire regrowth quality and associated pyric‐herbivory in the subtropical monsoon grasslands of Bardia National Park, Nepal. Every year, grasslands are burned as a management intervention in the park, especially between March and May. Within a week after fire, at the end of March 2020, we established 60 m × 60 m plots within patches of burned grassland in the core area of the Park. We collected grass samples from the plots and determined physical and chemical properties of the vegetation at regular 30‐day intervals from April to July 2020, starting from 30 days after fire to assess postfire regrowth forage quality. We counted pellet groups of cervids that are abundant in the area for the same four months from 2 m × 2 m quadrats that were permanently marked with pegs along the diagonal of each 60 m × 60 m plot to estimate intensity of use by deer to the progression of postfire regrowth. We observed strong and significant reductions in crude protein (mean value 9.1 to 4.1 [55% decrease]) and phosphorus (mean value 0.2 to 0.11 [45% decrease]) in forage collected during different time intervals, that is, from 30 days to 120 days after fire. Deer utilized the burned areas extensively for a short period, that is, up to two months after fire when the burned areas contained short grasses with a higher level of crude protein and phosphorus. The level of use of postfire regrowth by chital (Axis axis) differed significantly over time since fire, with higher intensity of use at 30 days after fire. The level of use of postfire regrowth by swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) did not differ significantly until 90 days after fire, however, decreased significantly after 90 days since fire. Large‐scale single event fires, thus, may not fulfil nutritional requirements of all species in the deer assemblage in these subtropical monsoon grasslands. This is likely because the nutritional requirements of herbivores differ due to differences in body size and physiological needs—maintenance, reproduction, and lactation. We recommend a spatiotemporal manipulation of fire to reinforce grazing feedback and to yield forage of high quality for the longest possible period for a sustainable high number of deer to maintain a viable tiger population within the park.
The species chromatogram, a new graphical method to represent, characterize, and compare the ecological niches of different species
Authors: Kléparski Loïck , Beaugrand Grégory 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ecological niche sensu Hutchinson is defined as the set of environmental conditions allowing a species to grow, maintain, and reproduce. This conception of the niche, which is assimilated to a p‐dimensional hypervolume, with p representing all environmental variables, has been widely applied in ecology. However, displaying the niche hypervolume has proved challenging when more than three environmental dimensions are considered simultaneously. We propose a simple method (implemented in the specieschrom R package) that displays the full multidimensionality of the ecological niche of a species into a two‐dimensional space by means of a graphic we call species chromatogram. This method gives a graphical summary of the niche by representing together abundance gradients with respect to all environmental variables. A chromatogram enables niche optimums and breaths to be rapidly quantified, and when several chromatograms are examined (one per species), rapid comparisons can be made. From our chromatograms, we proposed a procedure that quantifies niche optimum and breadth as well as niche overlapping (index D) and the identification of the most discriminant combination of environmental variables. We apply these analyses on eight planktonic species collected by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey in the North Atlantic Ocean using 10 environmental variables. We display their full multidimensional niches and quantify their niche optimums and breadths along each dimension. We also compare our index D with other indices by means of hypervolume and dynRB R packages. By catching the full complexity of the niche, species chromatograms allow many different niche properties to be rapidly assessed and compared among species from niche optimums and breadths to the identification of the most relevant environmental parameters and the degree of niche overlapping among species. Species chromatograms may be seen as species’ fingerprint and may also allow a better identification of the mechanisms involved in species assembly.
Determination of the heat capacity of cellulosic biosamples employing diverse machine learning approaches
Authors: Karimi Mohsen , Khosravi Marzieh , Fathollahi Reza , Khandakar Amith , Vaferi Behzad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeat capacity is among the most well‐known thermal properties of cellulosic biomass samples. This study assembles a general machine learning model to estimate the heat capacity of the cellulosic biomass samples with different origins. Combining the uncertainty and ranking analyses over 819 artificial intelligence models from seven different categories confirmed that the least‐squares support vector regression (LSSVR) with the Gaussian kernel function is the best estimator. This model is validated using 700 laboratory heat capacities of four cellulosic biomass samples in wide temperature ranges (absolute average relative deviation = 0.32%, mean square errors = 1.88 × 10−3, and R2 = 0.999991). The data validity investigation approved that only one out of 700 experimental data is an outlier. The LSSVR model considers the effect of the cellulosic samples' crystallinity, temperature, and sulfur and ash content on their heat capacity. The overall prediction accuracy of the LSSVR is more than 62% better than the achieved accuracy using the empirical correlation.