bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of quality of care provided to adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at public hospitals in Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia: Facility based Cross‐Sectional study
Authors: Russo Teklu Teshome , Sorato Mende Mensa , Mesfin Akililu Ayele , Hailu Tadiwos , Tanga Abayneh Tunje , Bussa Zebenay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeProactive management of type 2 diabetes is important for restoring beta‐cell function and improving sustained blood glucose control. Evidence on quality of diabetes care in Ethiopia is inadequate.MethodFacility‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess level of quality of care provided to adult type 2 diabetes patients at three public hospitals in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia.ResultsA total of 210 adult type 2 diabetes patients were included. The mean age of patients was 44.1 ± 9.94 years. Fifty‐one (24.3%) of patients adhered to prescribed medicines. Sixty‐seven (31.9%) patients could benefit from neuropathy screening and referral. Diabetes‐specific evidence‐based guidelines, operational plan to reduce overweight and obesity were not available. There was no periodic lipid profile, renal function and glycated haemoglobin testing. Sixty‐three (30%) patients achieved fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. Only 41 (19.5%) achieved the recommended target value for composite intermediate outcomes. All three sub‐components of quality care structure, process and outcome (SPO) were below the agreed minimum score and the quality of care provided to adult type 2 diabetes was poor. Only 41 (19.5%) achieved agreed quality indicator targets for type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose blood pressure and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol).ConclusionThe quality of care provided to adult type 2 diabetes patients was poor particularly in areas such as availability of evidence‐based guidelines, operational plan to reduce obesity, monitoring of lipid profile and glycaemic control. Therefore, developing strategies for addressing structure, process and outcome‐related gaps by involving all stakeholders is critical for improving the quality of care provided to these patients.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of 2‐Aryl Quinazolinones and Coupling with 2‐Carboxyl Allylic Alcohols for the Synthesis of β‐Aryl Ketone Substituted Quinazolinones
Authors: Kang Shaodong , Li Jiaxing , Yang Qin , Song Zhibin , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn efficient method to access 2‐(2‐β‐aryl ketone) substituted 2‐arylquinazolinones is reported. 2‐Carboxyl allylic alcohols, which were readily available from the Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman adducts, were used as the synthons. The reaction between 2‐aryl quinazolinones and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylene‐5‐phenylpentanoic acid was catalyzed by [RhCp*Cl2]2‐CF3COOAg through C−H activation and underwent facile decarboxylation to give the corresponding 2‐(2‐β‐aryl ketone) substituted 2‐phenyl quinazolinones in good to excellent yields with a wide range of substrates tolerated and good group compatibility. The results of control experiments indicated that the nitrogen atom on 3‐position of quinazolinone skeleton may function as the directing group in this C−H activation/functionalization. A possible mechanistic pathway for the synthesis of 2‐(2‐β‐aryl ketone) substituted phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones is proposed
The impact of chronic pain on creative ideation: An examination of the underlying attention‐related psychophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Gubler Danièle Anne , Rominger Christian , Holtforth Martin grosse , Egloff Niklaus , Frickmann Frank , Goetze Benjamin , Harnik Michael , Streitberger Konrad , Zeiss Stephan , Troche Stefan Johannes 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttentional deficits in patients with chronic pain are common and well studied. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of chronic pain on more complex cognitive abilities that rely on well‐functioning attentional systems. With the current study, we aimed to investigate whether the impact of chronic pain on attention affects creative ideation as measured with an adaptation of the alternate uses task (AUT).MethodsPerformance in the AUT was compared between 33 patients suffering from chronic pain and 33 healthy matched controls. While solving the task, EEG was recorded to measure the degree of internally directed attention assessed by means of task‐related power (TRP) changes.ResultsThe results revealed that patients with chronic pain generated less creative ideas than healthy controls. This lack of performance was accompanied by lower event‐related synchronization (ERS), especially in right parietal sites. Furthermore, these ERS differences explained one‐third of the inter‐group variance in AUT performance.ConclusionsThese results suggest that performance decrements in creative ideation in patients with chronic pain may be at least partly attributable to attentional impairments associated with chronic pain.SignificanceChronic pain negatively affects attention and more complex cognitive abilities. However, the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms and the role of attention as a source of these impairments in more complex abilities are poorly understood. By analyzing task‐related power changes in the EEG, the role of internal attention in creative ideation could be determined, revealing the functional relationship between chronic pain, attention, and a more complex cognitive ability.
Development of multicriteria nuclear dismantling management incorporated with fuzzy deep learning in nuclear power plants (NPPs)
Authors: Baek Chang Hyun , Jang Kyung Bae , Cho Chan Young , Woo Tae Ho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe nuclear dismantling assessment is analyzed with the fuzzy set and deep‐learning algorithm, where the project preference time search (PPTS) has been constructed. Artificial intelligence (AI) management is applied to nuclear decommissioning for the best estimation. The basic data are from three factors, Licensee, NRC, and Public. In the analysis, the highest OUTPUT value is 0.0513151 in the 72nd year, which is the best time for decommissioning, because the confidence value in the 37th year is 78.76% compared to that of the 72nd year. In the other case of membership functions with right‐shift values, the change rate is higher in the 72nd year as being similar to the value in the 37th year near 0.09 in final confidence value. The trend is a new function that shows two peaks compared to the previous one. The other cases could be made by comparing in the interested time. Finally, the list of reactor decommissions processes with numbering is used to find out the very confident time using the final confidence value as the PPTS method.
Millimeter‐wave non‐orthogonal multiple access systems with sparse antenna arrays
Authors: Asghari Azhiri Fatemeh , Mozaffari Tazehkand Behzad , Abdolee Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMillimeter wave (mmWave) non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a multiuser transmission scheme that can increase the quality and data rate of wireless mobile networks. In this article, we introduce an mmWave‐NOMA system utilizing a sparse antenna array that not only offers small and lightweight antenna devices in the base station but also improves the outage probability performance of the system. We also introduce a low‐complex computation technique to find the optimum beamforming vector to reduce the outage probability. We provide a proof of convexity for the outage probability of the mobiles' communication links in the proposed system for which a gradient‐based algorithm can be used to find the optimum solution. The simulation results show that utilizing the proposed optimum beamforming vector reduces the outage probability of the system up to 98% in high signal‐to‐noise ratios. Our simulation and analysis results demonstrate that the system equipped with a sparse antenna array applying the optimum beamforming vector outperform conventional mmWave‐NOMA system with uniform linear array antennas in terms of outage probability and sum rates.
Autoimmune neuroinflammation triggers mitochondrial oxidation in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Steudler Jasmin , Ecott Timothy , Ivan Daniela C. , Bouillet Elisa , Walthert Sabrina , Berve Kristina , Dick Tobias P. , Engelhardt Britta , Locatelli Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOligodendrocytes (ODCs) are myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) supporting neuronal survival. Oxidants and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested as the main causes of ODC damage during neuroinflammation as observed in multiple sclerosis (MS). Nonetheless, the dynamics of this process remain unclear, thus hindering the design of neuroprotective therapeutic strategies. To decipher the spatio‐temporal pattern of oxidative damage and dysfunction of ODC mitochondria in vivo, we created a novel mouse model in which ODCs selectively express the ratiometric H2O2 biosensor mito‐roGFP2‐Orp1 allowing for quantification of redox changes in their mitochondria. Using 2‐photon imaging of the exposed spinal cord, we observed significant mitochondrial oxidation in ODCs upon induction of the MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This redox change became already apparent during the preclinical phase of EAE prior to CNS infiltration of inflammatory cells. Upon clinical EAE development, mitochondria oxidation remained detectable and was associated with a significant impairment in organelle density and morphology. These alterations correlated with the proximity of ODCs to inflammatory lesions containing activated microglia/macrophages. During the chronic progression of EAE, ODC mitochondria maintained an altered morphology, but their oxidant levels decreased to levels observed in healthy mice. Taken together, our study implicates oxidative stress in ODC mitochondria as a novel pre‐clinical sign of MS‐like inflammation and demonstrates that evolving redox and morphological changes in mitochondria accompany ODC dysfunction during neuroinflammation.
Nonlinear functional network connectivity in resting functional magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Motlaghian Sara M. , Belger Aysenil , Bustillo Juan R. , Ford Judith M. , Iraji Armin , Lim Kelvin , Mathalon Daniel H. , Mueller Bryon A. , O'Leary Daniel , Pearlson Godfrey , Potkin Steven G. , Preda Adrian , van Erp Theo G. M. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, we focus on explicitly nonlinear relationships in functional networks. We introduce a technique using normalized mutual information (NMI) that calculates the nonlinear relationship between different brain regions. We demonstrate our proposed approach using simulated data and then apply it to a dataset previously studied by Damaraju et al. This resting‐state fMRI data included 151 schizophrenia patients and 163 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. We first decomposed these data using group independent component analysis (ICA) and yielded 47 functionally relevant intrinsic connectivity networks. Our analysis showed a modularized nonlinear relationship among brain functional networks that was particularly noticeable in the sensory and visual cortex. Interestingly, the modularity appears both meaningful and distinct from that revealed by the linear approach. Group analysis identified significant differences in explicitly nonlinear functional network connectivity (FNC) between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, particularly in the visual cortex, with controls showing more nonlinearity (i.e., higher normalized mutual information between time courses with linear relationships removed) in most cases. Certain domains, including subcortical and auditory, showed relatively less nonlinear FNC (i.e., lower normalized mutual information), whereas links between the visual and other domains showed evidence of substantial nonlinear and modular properties. Overall, these results suggest that quantifying nonlinear dependencies of functional connectivity may provide a complementary and potentially important tool for studying brain function by exposing relevant variation that is typically ignored. Beyond this, we propose a method that captures both linear and nonlinear effects in a “boosted” approach. This method increases the sensitivity to group differences compared to the standard linear approach, at the cost of being unable to separate linear and nonlinear effects.
Differences in obstetric practices and outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage across Nigerian health facilities
Authors: Wakili Aminu Ado , Aswat Ashraf , Timms Rebecca , Beeson Leanne , Mammoliti Kristie‐Marie , Devall Adam , Musa Baba Maiyaki , Amole Taiwo , Dankishiya Faisal , Coomarasamy Arri , Gallos Ioannis D. , Galadanci Hadiza S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore differences in obstetric practices and clinical outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in Nigerian facilities.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study of public health facilities providing maternal healthcare services in Nigeria. Surveys were conducted across 38 purposively sampled facilities (January 2020–March 2021) to collect information on obstetric practices related to the management of the third stage of labor, treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, and clinical outcomes related to postpartum hemorrhage in the preceding 12 months.ResultsThe median number of annual births per facility was 2230 (IQR, 1952–3283). The cesarean section rate was 21.6% (range 2.1%–52.6%). There was large variability in PPH rate (median 3%, range 0.4%–16.8%) and blood transfusions for PPH (median 2.8%, range 0.4%–48.6%) after vaginal birth. There was less variability for laparotomies (median 0.25%, range 0%–2.8%) and maternal deaths (median 0.11%, range 0%–0.64%) due to PPH after vaginal birth. The number of maternal deaths from all causes varied (median 0.27%, range 0%–3.5%). The rates of PPH and adverse maternal outcomes did not vary substantially between state or federal facilities, region, type of facility, and the number of clinical staff.ConclusionAcross the Nigerian facilities surveyed there was large variation in PPH rates and adverse maternal outcomes due to PPH. This variability remains largely unexplained and requires further insights and detailed data to gain a deeper understanding of the root causes and challenges to implement customized solutions to improve maternal outcomes.
Factor analysis of error in oxidation potential calculation: A machine learning study
Authors: Kanamaru Yuki , Matsui Toru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (C‐PCM), which is a low‐cost solvation model, cannot treat characteristic interactions between the solvent and substructure(s) of the solute. Moreover, the error in a charged system is significant. Using machine learning, we clarified that the systematic error of the oxidation potential calculated by the G3B3/C‐PCM was correlated with the molecular size of a solute. The G3B3/C‐PCM overestimated the Gibbs oxidation energy by averaging 6.94 kcal/mol. According to the performance of related methods reported in previous studies, this error is mainly due to the solvation energy of the charged solute. Additionally, we succeeded in reducing the error to 2.27 kcal/mol (32%)–3.2 kcal/mol (40%) by correction based on the substructure information of the solute. To modify the C‐PCM, effects that correlate with the molecular size of the solute in the charged system should be incorporated.
Scholarly productivity and growth of academic hospital medicine full professors
Authors: Renner Christiana S. , Sumarsono Andrew , Mathew Achsah , Warsi Maryam , Niaz Usman , Patel Vivek , Chu Eugene S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundScholarship remains the principal currency for faculty promotion in academic medicine. Reference points for scholarly growth and productivity at academic medical centers (AMCs) are lacking.MethodsWe identified hospital medicine full professors (HMFPs) at AMCs ranked in research by US News & World Report. Scopus was used to identify each HMFP's publications, citations, and Hirsch‐index (H‐index). Publications; citations; and first, middle, and senior author papers were measured in 3‐year intervals postresidency. Scholarly productivity was analyzed by quintile based on publications, AMC research ranking, years postresidency, and grant funding.ResultsData were extracted for 128 HMFPs from 54 AMCs. HMFPs were a mean of 20.5 (SD: 5.4) years postresidency. The median H‐index was 7.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0–16.0); the median number of publications was 15.0 (IQR: 4.0–51.0). Top quintile HMFPs had a median of 175.5 (IQR: 101.5–248.0) publications, whereas fifth quintile HMFPs had a median of 0.0 (IQR: 0.0–1.0) (p < .001). HMFPs on faculty at the top 20 AMCs had a median of 35.5 (IQR: 11.0–108.0) publications, whereas HMFPs in AMCs ranked 81–122 had a median of 3.0 (IQR: 1.0–9.0) (p < .001). Grant‐funded HMFPs had a median of 177.0 (IQR: 71.0–278.0) publications, while nongrant‐funded HMFPs had a median of 11.0 (IQR: 3.0–25.0) (p < .001). At 3, 6, and 9 years postresidency, HMFPs had a median of 0.0 (IQR: 0.0–1.0), 1.5 (IQR: 0.0–5.0), and 3.5 (IQR: 0.0–11.0) publications. Fellowship training, additional degrees, and top 25 residency programs correlated with the top half of scholarly productivity.ConclusionsScholarly productivity among HMFPs varies considerably. At 3, 6, and 9 years postresidency, it is minimal to modest. Grant funding and AMC research rank may establish separate frames of reference for scholarly growth.
Associations between comorbidity‐related functional limitations and pneumonia outcomes
Authors: Greene Chastity , Nian Hui , Zhu Yuwei , Antoon James W. , Freundlich Katherine L. , Ampofo Krow , Sartori Laura F. , Johnson Jakobi , Arnold Donald H. , Gesteland Per , Stassun Justine , Robison Jeff , Pavia Andrew T. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Williams Derek J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderlying comorbidities are common in children with pneumonia.ObjectiveTo determine associations between comorbidity‐related functional limitations and risk for severe pneumonia outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe prospectively enrolled children <18 years with and without comorbidities presenting to the emergency department with clinical and radiographic pneumonia at two institutions. Comorbidities included chronic conditions requiring daily medications, frequent healthcare visits, or which limited age‐appropriate activities. Among children with comorbidities, functional limitations were defined as none or mild, moderate, and severe.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included an ordinal severity outcome, categorized as very severe (mechanical ventilation, shock, or death), severe (intensive care without very severe features), moderate (hospitalization without severe features), or mild (discharged home), and length of stay (LOS). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to examine associations between comorbidity‐related functional limitations and outcomes, while accounting for relevant covariates.ResultsA cohort of 1116 children, including 452 (40.5%) with comorbidities; 200 (44.2%) had none or mild functional limitations, 93 (20.6%) moderate, and 159 (35.2%) had severe limitations. In multivariable analysis, comorbidity‐related functional limitations were associated with the ordinal severity outcome and LOS (p < .001 for both). Children with severe functional limitations had tripling of the odds of a more severe ordinal (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.01, 95% confidence interval [2.05, 4.43]) and quadrupling of the odds for longer LOS (aOR: 4.72 [3.33, 6.70]) as compared to children without comorbidities.ConclusionComorbidity‐related functional limitations are important predictors of disease outcomes in children with pneumonia. Consideration of functional limitations, rather than the presence of comorbidity alone, is critical when assessing risk of severe outcomes.
The Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Resting‐State Brain Activity and Thoracic Mobility in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vardar‐Yagli Naciye , Saglam Melda , Dasgin Hacer , Karli‐Oguz Kader 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAlthough inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an effective intervention for improving breath perception, brain mechanisms have not been studied yet.PurposeTo examine the effects of IMT on insula and default mode network (DMN) using resting‐state functional MRI (RS‐fMRI).Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 26 healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups as IMT group (n = 14) and sham IMT groups (n = 12).Field Strength/SequenceA 3‐T, three‐dimensional T2* gradient‐echo echo planar imaging sequence for RS‐fMRI was obtained.AssessmentThe intervention group received IMT at 60% and sham group received at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) for 8 weeks. Pulmonary and respiratory muscle function, and breathing patterns were measured. Groups underwent RS‐fMRI before and after the treatment.Statistical TestsStatistical tests were two‐tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Student's t test was used to compare the groups. One‐sample t‐test for each group was used to reveal pattern of functional connectivity. A statistical threshold of P < 0.001 uncorrected value was set at voxel level. We used False discovery rate (FDR)‐corrected P < 0.05 cluster level.ResultsThe IMT group showed more prominent alterations in insula and DMN connectivity than sham group. The MIP was significantly different after IMT. Respiratory rate (P = 0.344), inspiratory time (P = 0.222), expiratory time (P = 1.000), and inspiratory time/total breath time (P = 0.572) of respiratory patterns showed no significant change after IMT. All DMN components showed decreased, while insula showed increased activation significantly.Data ConclusionDifferences in brain activity and connectivity may reflect improved ventilatory perception with IMT with a possible role in regulating breathing pattern by processing interoceptive signals.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 4
Novel methodology to quantify dehydration in head and neck cancer radiotherapy using DIXON MRI
Authors: Duncan Sophie , Walker Amy , Kumar Shivani , Dundas Kylie , Bell Katherine , Wallis Andrew , Surjan Yolanda , Aly Farhannah , Lee Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionHead and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at risk of weight change, due to inadequate nutrition intake or dehydration, when receiving radiotherapy (RT). This study aimed to develop methodology to measure water content changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the head and neck region over the course of RT.MethodsRetrospective datasets of 54 patients were analysed. Eligible patients had been treated for HNC with cisplatin chemoradiation (CRT) or RT alone and underwent a minimum of 2 MRI scans from weeks 0, 3 and 6 of their treatment. Anatomical regions consisting of ≥90% water, on T2‐weighted DIXON MRI sequences, were contoured. Water volume changes of all patients were evaluated, within an anatomically standardised external volume, by comparing the absolute water fraction volume (cc) (VEx90WF) and relative water fraction volume (%) (RelVEx90WF) at weeks 0 and 6 of RT.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the RelVEx90WF at weeks 0 and 6 (P = 0.005). However, no statistically significant difference was identified between weeks 0 and 6 VEx90WF (P = 0.064). There were no statistically significant differences identified between patients who received CRT versus RT alone.ConclusionThis study developed a novel method for measuring changes in water fraction volumes over time, using T2‐weighted DIXON MRIs. The methodology created in this study requires further validation through phantom imaging, with known fat and water values.