bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BDNF-related mutations in major depressive disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Hartig Johannes , Nemeş Bogdan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:A better understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its association with neuroplasticity could play a pivotal role in finding future therapeutic targets for novel drugs in major depressive disorder (MDD). Because there are conflicting results regarding the exact role of BDNF polymorphisms in MDD still, we set out to systematically review the current evidence regarding BDNF-related mutations in MDD.Methods:We conducted a keyword-guided search of the PubMed and Embase databases, using ‘BDNF’ or ‘brain-derived neurotrophic factor’ and ‘major depressive disorder’ and ’single-nucleotide polymorphism’. We included all publications in line with our exclusion and inclusion criteria that focused on BDNF-related mutations in the context of MDD.Results:Our search yielded 427 records in total. After screening and application of our eligibility criteria, 71 studies were included in final analysis. According to present overall scientific data, there is a possibly major pathophysiological role for BDNF neurotrophic systems to play in MDD. However, on the one hand, the synthesis of evidence makes clear that likely no overall association of BDNF-related mutations with MDD exists. On the other hand, it can be appreciated that solidifying evidence emerged on specific significant sub-conditions and stratifications based on various demographic, clinico-phenotypical and neuromorphological variables.Conclusions:Further research should elucidate specific BDNF-MDD associations based on demographic, clinico-phenotypical and neuromorphological variables. Furthermore, biomarker approaches, specifically combinatory ones, involving BDNF should be further investigated.
Roles of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in the modulation of psychostimulant responses
Authors: Gobira P.H. , Joca S.R. , Moreira F.A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAddiction to psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine, D-amphetamine, and methamphetamine, is a public health issue that substantially contributes to the global burden of disease. Psychostimulant drugs promote an increase in dopamine levels within the mesocorticolimbic system, which is central to the rewarding properties of such drugs. Cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R) are expressed in the main areas of this system and implicated in the neuronal mechanisms underlying the rewarding effect of psychostimulant drugs. Here, we reviewed studies focusing on pharmacological intervention targeting cannabinoid CB1R and CB2R and their interaction in the modulation of psychostimulant responses.
A blood digestion scoring method for poultry red mites, Dermanyssus gallinae
Authors: Ma Yuyun , Liu Qi , Liu Boxing , Wang Penglong , Wang Xu , Sun Weiwei , Pan Baoliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is one of the most detrimental ectoparasite on poultry farms worldwide. The blood fed on birds provides the mites with nutrition and energy for their activities, development and reproduction. In the evaluation of the efficacy of novel drugs or vaccines against PRMs, their effects on blood digestion are generally used as a key parameter. The blood digestion of haematophagous arthropods (including D. gallinae) is usually assessed by weighing; however, this method shows some limitations. The main objective of the present study was to develop a scoring method that can quickly and visually evaluate the blood digestion status of PRMs. A 0–4 point scoring criterion was established to describe the blood digestion status of D. gallinae based on the changes in appearance in the intestinal tract of PRMs during the blood digestion process. There was a good consistency between the results obtained by the blood digestion scoring and the weighing, indicating the reliability of this new method. The results obtained from volunteers were consistent with the results from researchers with low coefficient of variation, indicating that the scoring method has good practicability. The applicability of the scoring method was confirmed in an efficacy study, where it was found that doramectin could significantly inhibit the blood digestion of PRMs, lowering the blood digestion score.
Cross-generational transmission of genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders: the impact of substance availability on the specificity of genetic risk
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Abrahamsson Linda , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD), is their genetic liability and its specificity moderated by substance availability?MethodsOffspring (born 1960–1995) and their biological parents from three family types [not-lived-with (NLW) biological father, mother and adoptive] and their AUD and DUD diagnoses were ascertained from Swedish national registers. Parent–offspring resemblance was calculated by tetrachoric correlation.ResultsIn Swedes born from 1960 to 1995, prevalence rates of AUD were stable while DUD rates increased substantially. Best-estimate tetrachoric correlations (±95% confidence intervals) between AUD in biological parents and AUD and DUD in their offspring were, respectively, +0.19 (0.18–0.20) and +0.18 (0.17–0.20). Parallel results from DUD in parents to AUD and DUD in children were +0.12 (0.10–0.13) and +0.27 (0.26–0.28). When divided into older and younger cohorts, the specificity of DUD transmission increased substantially over time, while the genetic correlation between AUD and DUD significantly decreased.ConclusionsRaised when alcohol was the preferred substance of abuse and illicit drugs highly stigmatized, AUD in parents reflected a general liability to substance use disorders, as they transmitted similar genetic risk for AUD and DUD to their children raised when both substances were widely available and relatively acceptable. DUD in parents, by contrast, reflected a more specific liability to DUD and, when transmitted to offspring, produced a considerably stronger risk for DUD than for AUD that increased over time. The magnitude and specificity of the genetic liability to psychoactive substances can be influenced by the availability of that substance.
On the profinite rigidity of lattices in higher rank Lie groups
Authors: KAMMEYER HOLGER , KIONKE STEFFEN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate which higher rank simple Lie groups admit profinitely but not abstractly commensurable lattices. We show that no such examples exist for the complex forms of type
$E_8$
,
$F_4$
, and
$G_2$
. In contrast, there are arbitrarily many such examples in all other higher rank Lie groups, except possibly
$\textrm{SL}_{2n+1}(\mathbb{R})$
,
$\textrm{SL}_{2n+1}(\mathbb{C})$
,
$\textrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{H})$
, or groups of type
$E_6$
.
Use of pulsars for ship navigation: an alternative to the sextant
Authors: Adamson Janusz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new method is proposed for determining a ship's position at sea using naturally occurring pulsar signals to provide an alternative to the sextant. Use is made of four distinct pulsar radio signals whose timing stabilities are comparable to atomic clocks and whose characteristic signatures can be used as natural radio navigation beacons. Pulse peak time difference measurements, accurate to within 10−5 and 10−6 s, were generated for a key reference observatory which provides long-term pulsar timing observations and for the unknown ship location. These time differences when multiplied by the velocity of light provide a distance value that is fundamental in calculating the ship's position. Resultant simulations provided a position accuracy to ≈1⋅1 km (≈0⋅6 nm) for the higher timing difference measurement. A single-pulsar-based approach, which gave a position accuracy to ≈2⋅8 km (≈1⋅5 nm), was also investigated for affordable equipment solutions and comparison with NASA space-based navigation experiments.
Noonan syndrome associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Lawrence Kendall M. , Burstein Danielle S. , Ahrens-Nicklas Rebecca , Gaynor J. William , Nuri Muhammad A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNoonan syndrome is an inherited disorder caused by alterations in the RAS-MAPK pathway. There have been several identified genotype–phenotype associations made with respect to congenital cardiac lesions and Noonan syndrome variants, but limited data exist regarding single ventricle disease in this population. Here, we report two patients with PTPN11-related Noonan syndrome and hypoplastic left heart syndrome variants.
Defining the optimal historical control group for a phase 1 trial of mesenchymal stromal cell delivery through cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates and infants
Authors: Kobayashi Kei , Higgins Tessa , Liu Christopher , Ayodeji Mobolanle , Wernovsky Gil , Jonas Richard A. , Ishibashi Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:The Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Delivery through Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery study is a prospective, open-label, single-centre, dose-escalation phase 1 trial assessing the safety/feasibility of delivering mesenchymal stromal cells to neonates/infants during cardiac surgery. Outcomes will be compared with historical data from a similar population. We aim to define an optimal control group for use in the Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Delivery through Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery trial.Methods:Consecutive patients who underwent a two-ventricle repair without aortic arch reconstruction within the first 6 months of life between 2015 and 2020 were studied using the same inclusion/exclusion criteria as the Phase 1 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Delivery through Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery trial (n = 169). Patients were allocated into one of three diagnostic groups: ventricular septal defect type, Tetralogy of Fallot type, and transposition of the great arteries type. To determine era effect, patients were analysed in two groups: Group A (2015–2017) and B (2018–2020). In addition to biological markers, three post-operative scoring methods (inotropic and vasoactive-inotropic scores and the Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III) were assessed.Results:All values for three scoring systems were consistent with complexity of cardiac anomalies. Max inotropic and vasoactive-inotropic scores demonstrated significant differences between all diagnosis groups, confirming high sensitivity. Despite no differences in surgical factors between era groups, we observed lower inotropic and vasoactive-inotropic scores in group B, consistent with improved post-operative course in recent years at our centre.Conclusions:Our studies confirm max inotropic and vasoactive-inotropic scores as important quantitative measures after neonatal/infant cardiac surgery. Clinical outcomes should be compared within diagnostic groupings. The optimal control group should include only patients from a recent era. This initial study will help to determine the sample size of future efficacy/effectiveness studies.
Hazelnut growth and weed control in response to selected preemergence herbicides
Authors: Pedroso Rafael M. , Moretti Marcelo L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHazelnut hectarage is expanding in Oregon. Weed competition in young orchards can severely reduce the growth and survival of plants. New orchards replace crops, including grass seed fields, which often are infested with herbicide-resistant weeds, including Italian ryegrass. This research evaluated hazelnut tolerance to pronamide, pyroxasulfone, and S-metolachlor. Three multi-year field experiments were conducted at newly planted orchards in the Willamette Valley during 2019 and 2020. Treatments compared pyroxasulfone (0.24 kg ai ha–1), pronamide (2.3 kg ai ha–1), and S-metolachlor (1.39 kg ai ha–1) applied at the reference rate, and at 2× and 4× that rate, compared to weed-free check. Treatments were applied within 2 wk after the winter transplant and reapplied the following year. Hazelnuts showed a high tolerance to all herbicides tested, with negligible injury noted (<3%). No changes in leaf chlorophyll were noted, averaging 242, 179, and 225 mg m–2 on each study site. Tree growth was similar among treatments as measured by trunk cross-sectional area, canopy volume, and internode length. A separate study evaluated the control of Italian ryegrass. Pronamide and pyroxasulfone provide 100% control of Italian ryegrass, and weed dry weight was reduced by up to 79 % compared to the grower standard. This study documents that hazelnuts are tolerant to pronamide, pyroxasulfone, and S-metolachlor, and that these herbicides can improve weed management in young orchards.
Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLittle information is available on the relative efficacy of Group 4 herbicides for glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed management in soybean. Five field research experiments were conducted in growers’ fields from 2020 to 2021 to determine GR horseweed control with Group 4 herbicides applied preplant (PP) alone and in a mixture. There was minimal soybean injury (≤4%) with herbicides evaluated. Dicamba, 2,4-D, or halauxifen-methyl applied PP controlled GR horseweed 92% to 96%, 73% to 76%, and 85% to 89%, respectively. The mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl provided 97% to 99% control of GR horseweed, similar to dicamba applied alone. The mixture of 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl provided 93% to 94% control of GR horseweed. Dicamba + saflufenacil controlled GR horseweed at 98%. Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2,4-D ester, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D ester + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed density 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively, similar to a 98% density reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil. Other herbicide treatments had no effect on GR horseweed density. Dicamba, 2,4-D, and halauxifen-methyl applied PP decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99%, 76%, and 72%, respectively. The mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99% to 100%, similar to a 99% dry biomass reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil. The mixture of 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 94%. Soybean yield was decreased by 61% when GR horseweed was left uncontrolled. Results show that Group 4 herbicides that include dicamba applied PP can be very effective in managing GR horseweed in soybean.
Zielgerichtete Kommunikation
Authors: Winkelmann Claudia , Helmer-Denzel Andrea 
Published: August 2022

CanMEDS in der Gesundheitsversorgung

Fachliche Expertise, klinische Kompetenz und Outcome-Orientierung sind die Zielvorgaben für die Mitarbeitenden der Gesundheitsberufe, um eine qualitativ hohe Gesundheitsversorgung im interdisziplinären Team sicher zu stellen. Dies gelingt ihnen in ihren Rollen als Medical Expert, Health Advocate, Professional, Collaborator, Communicator, Scholar, Manager (CanMEDS-Rollenkonzept). In der klinischen Praxis ist es immer ein Mix an Kompetenzen, der zur Problemlösung führt.
Nach einer Einführung zu CanMEDS orientieren sich die Bände der Reihe an den Tätigkeiten der Berufsgruppen. Strukturell sind die Bände mit Grafiken und Fallbeispielen übersichtlich gestaltet. Die Autorinnen sind Expertinnen in der Praxis der Gesundheitsversorgung sowie in der Forschung und Lehre.

Gesundheitsberufe sind Beziehungsberufe!
Eine wertschätzende, verlässliche und transparente Kommunikation ist die Basis für Vertrauen und Adhärenz und somit die Grundlage einer optimalen Gesundheitsversorgung. Die beiden Autorinnen beschreiben die Rolle des Communicators und die Entwicklung hin zu einer zielgerichteten Kommunikation in sieben Phasen. Die nötigen Tools zur Umsetzung sind grafisch gestaltet und laden zur Anwendung ein.
Slowdown and Recovery of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and a Persistent North Atlantic Warming Hole Induced by Arctic Sea Ice Decline
Authors: Ferster Brady S. , Simon Amélie , Fedorov Alexey , Mignot Juliette , Guilyardi Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the impact of Arctic sea ice loss on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and North Atlantic climate in a coupled general circulation model (IPSL‐CM5A2) perturbation experiment, wherein Arctic sea ice is reduced until reaching an equilibrium of an ice‐free summer. After several decades we observe AMOC weakening caused by reduced dense water formation in the Iceland basin due to the warming of surface waters, and later compensated by intensification of dense water formation in the Western Subpolar North Atlantic. Consequently, AMOC slightly weakens in deep, dense waters but recovers through shallower, less dense waters overturning. In parallel, wind‐driven intensification and southeastward expansion of the subpolar gyre cause a depth‐extended cold anomaly ∼2°C around 50°N that resembles the North Atlantic “warming hole.” We conclude that compensating dense water formations drive AMOC changes following sea ice retreat and that a warming hole can develop independently of the AMOC modulation.
Rheology of Naturally Deformed Antigorite Serpentinite: Strain and Strain‐Rate Dependence at Mantle‐Wedge Conditions
Authors: Tulley C. J. , Fagereng Å. , Ujiie K. , Piazolo S. , Tarling M. S. , Mori Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAntigorite serpentinite is expected to occur in parts of subduction plate boundaries, and may suppress earthquake slip, but the dominant deformation mechanisms and resultant rheology of antigorite are unclear. An exhumed plate boundary shear zone exposed near Nagasaki, Japan, contains antigorite deformed at 474°C ± 30°C. Observations indicate that a foliation defined by (001) crystal facets developed during plate‐boundary shear. Microstructures indicating grain‐scale dissolution at high‐stress interfaces and precipitation in low‐stress regions suggest that dissolution‐precipitation creep contributed to foliation development. Analysis of crystal orientations indicate a small contribution from dislocation activity. We suggest a frictional‐viscous rheology for antigorite, where dissolution‐precipitation produces a foliation defined by (001) crystal facets and acts to resolve strain incompatibilities, allowing for efficient face‐to‐face sliding between facets. This rheology can not only explain aseismic behavior at ambient plate boundary conditions, but also some of the contrasting behaviors shown by previous field and laboratory studies.
Quantifying the Link Between the Detrital Zircon Record and Tectonic Settings
Authors: Jian Dongchuan , Williams Simon E. , Yu Shan , Zhao Guochun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFull‐plate reconstructions describe the history of past continental motions and how plate boundaries have evolved to accommodate these motions. Traditionally, tectonic reconstructions relied on geophysical data from the oceans and paleomagnetism as the primary quantitative constraints. However, these data do not directly constrain the paths of subduction zones or other plate boundaries, so reconstructing the complete configurations of tectonic plates in the past must rely on alternative methods. Here, we investigate the applicability of detrital zircon age spectra to characterize tectonic settings in deep time using a much larger data set than previously considered. We analyzed the proximity between reconstructed plate boundaries and sample sites assigned to different tectonic categorizations based on the proportion of zircon ages close to the depositional age and found that the categorization has an ∼70% success rate in distinguishing convergent settings. Results are not strongly influenced by factors such as the number of zircon grains available within each detrital sample or uncertainty in the depositional age of the sample. The ability of the categorization to define extensional settings, such as rift basins, is less clear. Nonetheless, the broader pattern of results at the scale of Pangea shows that categorized zircon samples form a coherent pattern, where samples with dominantly young zircons lie at the supercontinent periphery while samples in the core of Pangea are dominated by grains much older than the age of deposition. This result suggests that zircon data could help to quantify uncertainties in full‐plate reconstructions and discriminate between competing models for Proterozoic supercontinents.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Shear‐Thinning Flow in Geological Fractures
Authors: Lenci A. , Méheust Y. , Putti M. , Di Federico V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydraulic behavior of fractured rocks under shear‐thinning flow is a challenging topic of interest in several fields, related either to environmental remediation or to natural resources recovery. The compound effect of fluid rheology and medium heterogeneity strongly affects flow and transport in fractured geological formations. Here, a stochastic analysis is conducted via Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the flow of shear‐thinning fluids in fractures subjected to both natural and forced flow, considering different fracture dimensions, for a spatial correlation of the fracture that is an intrinsic parameter of the geological formation, independent of the fracture size. Considering the lubrication approximation, a generalized Reynolds equation for shear‐thinning fluids is solved using an ad hoc, finite volume‐based, numerical scheme. The influence of the rheology and aperture field heterogeneity on ensemble statistics of the velocity components and magnitude, as well as apparent fracture‐scale transmissivity, is quantified over 103 fracture realizations. The probability density functions (PDFs) and relative confidence intervals, obtained by averaging over the statistics, are analyzed to characterize the apparent transmissivity transition from Newtonian to shear‐thinning regime. The autocorrelation functions of velocity components are computed to understand the impact of rheology on spatial correlations the flow. Velocity components exhibit narrow PDFs with nearly exponential decay. More elevated pressure gradients emphasize the shear‐thinning behavior, inducing a more pronounced flow localization, under otherwise identical conditions. This translates at the scale of the fracture into a larger apparent transmissivity as compared to the same configuration with Newtonian rheology, by orders of magnitude.