bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for superionic H2O and diffusive He–H2O at high temperature and high pressure
Authors: Kim Minseob , Oka Kenta , Ahmed Sohan , Somayazulu Maddury S , Meng Yue , Yoo Choong-Shik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present the evidence of superionic phase formed in H2O and, for the first time, diffusive H2O–He phase, based on time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments performed on ramp-laser-heated samples in diamond anvil cells. The diffraction results signify a similar bcc-like structure of superionic H2O and diffusive He–H2O, while following different transition dynamics. Based on time and temperature evolution of the lattice parameter, the superionic H2O phase forms gradually in pure H2O over the temperature range of 1350–1400 K at 23 GPa, but the diffusive He–H2O phase forms abruptly at 1300 K at 26 GPa. We suggest that the faster dynamics and lower transition temperature in He–H2O are due to a larger diffusion coefficient of interstitial-filled He than that of more strongly bound H atoms. This conjecture is then consistent with He disordered diffusive phase predicted at lower temperatures, rather than H-disordered superionic phase in He–H2O.
Direct CP violation of three body decay processes from the resonance effect*
Authors: Lü Gang , Zhao Yan-Lin , Liu Liang-Chen , Guo Xin-Heng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The physical state of

mesons can be mixed using the unitary matrix. The decay processes

and

originate from isospin symmetry breaking. The

,

, and

interferences lead to a resonance contribution to produce strong phases.

violation is considered from isospin symmetry breaking due to the new strong phase of the first order.

violation can be enhanced greatly for the decay process

when the invariant masses of

pairs are in the area around the

resonance range and

resonance range in perturbative QCD. We also discuss the possibility of searching for the predicted

violation at the LHC.
Realization of broadband polarization-insensitive negative refraction using water-based metamaterial
Authors: Wang Danqi , Wang Yuxiang , Li Xuewen , Yan Haokui , Huang Xiaojun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We propose a water-based metamaterial to realize the broadband polarization insensitive negative refraction. The designed metamaterial exhibits the multiple resonances in broadband region and displays negative permittivity and permeability simultaneously with a broadband negative refractive index. Simulated result shows that two separated wide bandwidths of negative refractive index are formed at 12.5–22.7 GHz, and 26.2–28.0 GHz, and the relative bandwidths of which are 58.0%, and 6.7%, respectively. In addition, beam shifting simulation is carried out to verify the retrieved effective refractive index from the scatter parameters, and the calculated results based on beam shifting simulation are agreed well with the retrieved effective refractive indices. Finally, the microwave measurement is performed to exam the simulated and calculated results, and three results of simulation, calculation, and measurement are consistent with each other. The design using water-based metamaterial provides an alternative approach to realize a broadband negative refraction.
Synthesis of novel 1–dimensional structure from Mo6S8 Chevrel phase of electrode for Mg batteries
Authors: Kang Gil–Seon , Hu Qicheng , Li Siying , Bhoraskar Sudha V , Yoo Ji–Beom 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Chevrel phase (CP) (Mo6S8), which is used as an electrode material in Mg rechargeable batteries, has a capacity limit owing to ion insertion and trapping. To address this problem, we modify the wire structure of the CP. Mo6S3I6 nanowires, in which iodiene is substituted for Mo6S9 nanowires as infinite CP structures, can be synthesized in various ways. When synthesizing stoichiometrically, an unwanted secondary phase may appear. We solved these problems by reducing the synthesis time. Electrochemical analysis was performed using these nanowires as an active material in Mg batteries.
Screen-printed capacitive pressure sensors with high sensitivity and accuracy on flexible substrates
Authors: Albrecht Andreas , Salmerón José F , Moreno-Cruz Fernando , Becherer Markus , Lugli Paolo , Cheng Gordon , Rivadeneyra Almudena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Printable elastic conductors promise large-area stretchable sensor/actuator networks for healthcare, wearables and robotics, among other areas. Force pressure sensors are one of their most attractive applications, although their large-area integration has been limited by difficulties in their processability or bendability and their use by their insufficient sensitivity or stability. In this work, we present a flexible screen-printed capacitive pressure sensor, able to be modularly integrated in large-area systems thanks to the substrate flexibility, bending within itself capability and not only at its intersections, and cuttability, allowing a range of modifications in size and shape for complex structures. We built the sensors with a microstructured dielectric, whose hill radii were tuned (between 125 and 375 µm) until obtaining a measurement range of five orders of magnitude, with a logarithm sensitivity above 20% dB−1 at the maximum pressure peak of 750 kPa and of 80% kPa−1 at the lowest test value of 0.5 kPa. These results went along completely with the theoretical model that we also developed. Besides, while smaller pillars showed a significant hysteresis for decreasing pressures, we observed how large hills performed with a small hysteresis of down to 3%, way ahead of the published sensors to the best of our knowledge.
Drain-extended MOS design using High-k dielectric to control off-state BTBT with enhanced switching performance
Authors: Pali Shraddha , Kaushik Pragyey Kumar , Gupta Ankur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work explores the application of high-k dielectric to suppress off-state band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) and enhance the switching performance of conventional Drain-extended NMOS (C_DeNMOS). C_DeNMOS switching performance is limited by extended gate over the drift region, while the high field effects near the gate edge are responsible for BTBT below the gate-to-drain overlap region. We investigate two improved configurations of DeNMOS (1) Planar and (2) Trench structures incorporating a floating plate (FP). In comparison to C_DeNMOS, it is demonstrated that employing high-k dielectric HfO2 with appropriately doped FP in the Planar and Trench structures can efficiently modulate the surface field while also reducing surface charge accumulation. As a result, BTBT is suppressed in Planar and Trench structures when HfO2 is used as dielectric, in addition to improvement in switching delay, reverse recovery behavior, and switching energy performance at higher operating frequencies.
A-04 Acute Sports-Related Concussion Associations Between Cognitive Symptoms, Memory Performance, and Default Mode Network Hub Connectivity
Authors: Bouchard H C , Schultz D H , Higgins K , Laing J M , Rodriguez A I , Carlson E , Tuttle J , Mayer M , Albers L , Maerlender A , Neta M , Savage C R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Disruptions in cognitive performance are commonly reported after a sports-related concussion (SRC) and may be related to brain network changes, particularly within the default mode network (DMN). Since well-connected brain regions across networks (hubs) play an important role in network organization, we hypothesize that DMN hubs will be disrupted after a SRC and associated with cognitive symptoms and cognitive performance. Methods: We collected resting-state fMRI, symptoms, and cognitive performance data from 44 student-athletes at baseline, after a SRC, and at recovery. Participation coefficient defined hubs for each athlete. We compared changes in functional connectivity between hubs and non-hubs within the DMN and between DMN hubs and non-hubs in the remaining networks. We used linear regression to examine the relationship between functional connectivity, cognitive symptoms, and cognitive performance while controlling for concussion history. Results: Functional connectivity between hubs and non-hubs within the DMN increased from baseline to post-injury and decreased from post-injury to recovery, but not to baseline connectivity levels. Post-injury functional connectivity was related to increased cognitive symptoms and decreased visual memory performance. Functional connectivity decreased between hubs in the DMN and non-hubs in the cingulo-opercular, salience, somatomotor, and visual networks from baseline to post-injury. Cognitive symptoms and visual memory performance were related to functional connectivity between DMN hubs and visual network non-hubs. Conclusions: Self-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive performance were associated with changes in DMN hub connectivity. This relationship may suggest a decrease in efficiency between brain networks after a SRC and may provide insight into post-injury compensation during task performance.
A-05 Retrospective Comparison of Concussion Recovery Between School and All Star Cheerleaders
Authors: Boucher S J , Jones C A , Price A M , Ellis C , Abt J , Burkhart S O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Though often categorized together, All Star and school cheerleading are vastly different in concussion risk due to competitiveness and skill difficulty. The purpose of the current study was to compare concussion rate and recovery in school and All Star cheerleaders diagnosed with sports-related concussions (SRC). Methods: This study was a retrospective comparison of cheerleaders (aged 8–18 years) who were evaluated in a specialty concussion clinic and diagnosed with SRC from 2020–2022. A total of 64 female cheerleaders were included (33 school and 31 All Star). We compared days to clinic, prior history of concussion, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) total score, symptom provocation on the Vestibular Ocular Motor Screen, and recovery time in days for each group. Results: Reports of at least one prior concussion were higher in All Star cheerleaders (61%) compared to school cheerleaders (39%). Initial evaluation occurred an average of 4.0 ± 5.8 days post injury for All Star cheerleaders, with recovery occurring in 23.6 ± 17.4 days compared to school cheerleaders who were evaluated for initial evaluation an average of 4.2 ± 4.3 days post injury and recovered in 27.6 ± 19.7 days (P &gt; 0.05). All Star cheerleaders experienced greater symptom provocation (P = 0.05) on horizontal vestibular-ocular reflex compared to school cheerleaders. There was no difference in symptom reporting on the PCSS (P = 0.23). Conclusions: Higher rates of prior concussion were reported in All Star cheerleaders. This may be a function of the more difficult skills being performed. Future research should investigate the impact of skill level and mechanism of injury on SRCs in All Star Cheerleading.
A-06 Exploring The Current State Of Resilience Interventions In Athletes: A Review
Authors: Brower R B , Mosch S C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: It is becoming increasingly well known that higher levels of premorbid psychological resiliency in athletes predict better recovery outcomes from sports-related concussion and other types of injuries. This review addresses the current state of interventions designed to increase resilience in athletes. Methods: A thorough search of the literature was conducted using the keywords “increasing resilience in athletes” and “resilience, interventions, athletes” via Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Papers published in peer-reviewed journals between 2017–2022 that focused on an intervention or set of skills that increased resilience in an athlete population were included. 33 studies were initially identified and 18 fit the criteria for this review. Results: There are many promising interventions for increasing resilience in athletes. Treatments fell into three general categories, including increasing positive thoughts and feelings, increasing interoceptive awareness/connection, and increasing quality of social support. All studies implemented pre- and post- intervention assessments to measure change over time, and some included randomization to treatment or control groups. Importantly, many resilience interventions encouraged athletes to reframe help-seeking behaviors as a resilient act rather than one of weakness and focused on increasing the quality of social support from teammates, athletic trainers, friends, and family. Conclusions: Interventions covering a variety of strategies show promise in increasing athletes’ resilience across many sports. Successful treatments ranged from one 30-minute workshop to season-long training sessions. Future directions for resilience interventions should examine the use of technology to administer and/or monitor resilience change, as well as novel approaches including gamifying interventions to make them more palatable.
A-07 Initial Symptoms, Pre-Existing Emotional Factors, and Symptoms of Stress During Recovery from Concussion
Authors: Bunt S , Didehbani N , Stokes M , Miller S , Bell K , Cullum C M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Investigate the association of initial symptoms, mechanism of concussion, and emotional state with symptoms of stress reported during recovery from concussion in high school students. Methods: Concussed High School students (n = 183) aged 13–18 were evaluated within 30 days of injury at a North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) clinic with 71% (n = 130) sport-related. Subjects completed a medical history, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 Symptom Evaluation (PCSS), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) at initial visit. At three-month follow-up subjects completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). A linear regression was conducted predicting total scores on the follow up PCL-5. Predictors included initial Total PCSS Symptom Score, GAD-7, PHQ-8, sex, mechanism of injury (sport vs non-sport) and history of treatment for anxiety/depression. Results: A multiple regression model predicting participant’s total PCL-5 score at three month follow-up (R2 = 0.40, p &lt; 0.001) included PHQ-8 (β = 0.34, p &lt; 0.001), GAD-7 (β = 0.20, p = 0.016), history of treatment for depression (β = 0.17, p = 0.015), severity of initial symptoms (β = 0.15, p = 0.045) and mechanism of injury (β = −0.14, p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in PCL-5 scores between sport vs non-sport injury groups. Conclusions: Pre-existing depression and higher levels of self-reported anxiety and/or depression at time of injury may be associated with increased symptoms of stress during concussion recovery. Severity of initial symptoms and mechanism of injury may also be related to feelings of stress during recovery. Further investigations should include baseline measure of stress prior to injury.
A-08 Differences in Long-term Stability of Baseline ImPACT Scores in High School Football Players
Authors: Burley C , Datoc A , Lashley L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the long-term stability of ImPACT baseline composite scores at a one-year interval across multiple age groups within a sample of high school football players. Methods: A total of 660 high school football players completed two ImPACT baseline assessments approximately 1 year apart (average days between = 337.8, SD = 68.0). Subjects were separated into three groups based on age at first baseline: Age 14: n = 249; Age 15: n = 246; Age 16: n = 165. Subjects reporting concussion history and/or history of Learning Disability or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at either timepoint were excluded. Results: Repeated measures t-tests for subjects who completed initial baseline at 14 indicated significant differences in Verbal Memory (t(248) = −2.99, p = 0.003; Cohen’s d = 19), Visual Memory (t(248) = −4.47, p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.28), and Visual Motor Speed (t(248) = −8.18, p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.52). Repeated measures t-tests for subjects who completed initial baseline at 15 indicated significant differences in Visual Memory (t(245) = −4.82, p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.31) and Visual Motor Speed (t(245) = −7.89, p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.50). Repeated measures t-tests for subjects who completed initial baseline at 16 indicated significant differences in Visual Motor Speed (t(164) = −5.32, p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.41). Conclusions: Overall, ImPACT composite scores appear more variable for younger athletes with stability increasing as athletes develop. Clinicians should consider differing degrees of variability when planning pre-season baselines (i.e., whether to assess annually or bi-annually) as well as recency of baselines when interpreting change following injury.
A-16 Gender Differences and Composite Scores Performance at Baseline
Authors: Gilmore M , Lashley L , Golden C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To examine whether there are gender differences in symptomatology reported at baseline testing in individuals who did not report a prior concussion history, diagnosis of ADHD, dyslexia, autism, headaches, psychiatric conditions, substance abuse, and epilepsy at baseline using ImPACT. Methods: Participants were selected from an archival de-identified sports medicine ImPACT baseline database. The sample (n = 1898) consisted of adolescent high school athletes, primarily male (60.8%) in South Florida (mean age = 15.35 years, SD = 1.09). An independent samples t-test was conducted to determine the relationship between gender and composite score performance at baseline. All analyses were conducted at p &lt; 0.05. Results: The independent samples t-test revealed significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) between genders on verbal memory and impulse control composite scores, but not visual memory, visual motor speed, and reaction time. Conclusions: Females performed significantly better on the overall measure of verbal memory which is consistent with previous studies (Cottle et al., 2017; Covassin et al., 2006). This may be due to female athletes exerting more effort or taking baseline testing more seriously (Cottle et al., 2017). Female athletes exhibited more control on impulse control, a task where quick and accurate decision making is required. Significant differences were not found in reaction time, visual memory, and visual motor speed which is not in line with previous studies. This may be due to the version of ImPACT used. Previous studies were conducted using version 2.0 or 2.1, while this study was conducted with versions 4.1 and 4.2. As ImPACT was updated, the new versions may have become less sensitive to differences in gender.
A-19 Distress Predicts Poorer Cognitive Performance At Post-Injury In Concussed Athletes
Authors: Hansen J , Mrazik M , Wagner R , Ree-Fedun Q , David C , Arends P , Varkovestski M , Naidu D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the consistency between athletes’ self-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive test performance. Methods: The sample included 784 Canadian Football League athletes who underwent standardized cognitive testing with cognitive testing (ImPACT) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) at baseline. Over 2 consecutive seasons, 46 players were diagnosed with concussions following assessment with team physicians within 48 hours; 10 were eliminated due to missing data. Five cognitive symptoms (feeling slowed down, feeling in a fog, not feeling right, difficulties concentration, difficulties with memory) were used to create a composite score (Cog). The Cog index, the depression, anxiety, total index scores from the BSI, and the 5 ImPACT cognitive domains were correlated at baseline and post-injury. History of learning disabilities, ADHD, psychiatric diagnosis, and history of concussion were co-variates. Results: There were no significant correlations between Cog, depression, anxiety or total BSI scores and the ImPACT cognitive domains at baseline. At post injury there were no significant correlations between Cog or ImPACT index scores. In contrast, significant negative correlations were found between BSI Anxiety and verbal memory (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01), visual memory (r = 0.68, p &lt; 0.01), and visual-motor processing speed (r = 0.48, p &lt; 0.05). In addition, there were significant negative correlations between the BSI total score and visual memory (r = 0.51, p &lt; 0.05) and reaction time (r = 0.55, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Self-reported cognitive difficulties do not correlate with poorer cognitive outcomes in our sample of professional football players. However, distress at post-injury was significantly correlated to performance, suggesting psychological variables may play a role in cognitive functioning.
A-22 Neurorehabilitation Improves Emotional Domain Symptoms in Active and Retired NHL Players
Authors: Kalambaheti E , Kornfeld S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of concussions in the National Hockey League (NHL) has been identified as approximately 1 concussion per 16.67 games, and the long-term effects of traumatic brain injuries are being highlighted in recent research. These long-term consequences may be due to chronic symptoms, especially neuropsychological symptoms, from unaddressed neurological dysfunction. Methods: A neuro-rehabilitation clinic treated 14 active or retired NHL players with symptoms relating to head injury an average of 2.47 years after their most recent head injury. A 5-day, multi-modal neurorehabilitation program was administered in 10 one-hour treatment sessions. Each session consisted of a combination of photobiomodulation, repetitive peripheral somatosensory stimuli, neuromuscular reeducation, vestibular rehabilitation, orthoptic exercises, cognitive exercises, and/or off-vertical axis rotation utilizing a multi-axis rotational chair. Results: On intake, the average overall symptom severity score of the SCAT5 graded symptom checklist was 31.42, and the average severity of emotional domain symptoms (Nervousness/Anxiety, Irritability, Sadness, More Emotional) was 5.86. Of the 14 players, 12 players reported symptoms in the emotional domain on intake while only 6 players reported emotional domain symptoms on exit. On average, emotional domain symptom severity score decreased by 81.71% compared to the 72.27% decrease in total symptom severity.: Conclusions: This neurorehabilitation program has shown to be beneficial at decreasing overall symptom severity in NHL players with symptoms post-head injury, especially symptoms that may be described as neuropsychological. The authors suggest further research be performed with a larger sample size and a follow-up study be performed to assess progression/regression.