bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Stability and Surface Roughness on Turbulence during the Stable Atmospheric Variability and Transport (SAVANT) Field Campaign
Authors: Bhimireddy Sudheer R. , Wang Junming , Hiscox April L. , Kristovich David A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Harvesting of crops in a weakly sloping Midwestern field during the Stable Atmospheric Variability and Transport (SAVANT) observation campaign allowed for a systematic investigation of the influence of surface roughness and static stability magnitude on the applicability of the Monin–Obukhov similarity (MOST) and hockey-stick transition (HOST) theories during stable boundary layer periods. We analyze momentum flux and turbulent velocity scale VTKE in three regimes, defined using the gradient Richardson number Ri and flux Richardson number Rif as regime 1 (0 < Ri ≤ 0.1 and 0 < Rif ≤ 0.1), regime 2 (0.1 < Ri ≤ 0.23 and 0.1 < Rif ≤ 0.23), and regime 3 (both Ri and Rif > 0.23). After harvest, in regime 1, stability varied from near-neutral to weakly stable and both MOST and HOST were applicable to estimate the momentum fluxes and VTKE as a function of mean wind speed. In regime 2, the momentum flux deviated from the MOST linear relationship as stability increased. In regimes 1 and 2, a HOST-defined threshold wind speed Vs was identified beyond which VTKE increased linearly with wind speed at a rate of 0.26 for all observation heights. Below this threshold wind speed, VTKE behaved independent of mean wind and observation heights. Alternatively, for preharvest periods, MOST was applicable in regimes 1 and 2 for all heights and HOST was applicable with reduced Vs for heights above the crop layer. Regime 3 during pre- and postharvest consisted of strongly stable periods and very weak to weak winds, where MOST was found to be invalid and VTKE remained low and independent of wind speed. The results suggest that roughness due to crops enhances the turbulence generation at lower wind speeds.
The Use of Inlay Bridge of the Posterior Fascia as Adjuvants to a Modified Rives-Stoppa Repair for Difficult Abdominal Wall Hernias
Authors: Goldstein Adam Lee , Nevo Nadav , Nizri Eran , Shimonovich Michal , Maman Yossi , Pencovich Niv , Lahat Guy , Karin Eliad 
Published: September 2022

Background Major abdominal wall defects remain a highly morbid complication. Occasionally a fascial defect is encountered, that despite all surgical efforts, is unable to completely approximate at the midline. Here we describe our method and outcomes of using a bridging mesh when the posterior fascia was unable to be approximated during the repair of large postoperative ventral hernias using the modified Rives-Stoppa technique. Methods A retrospective review was conducted looking at all the open abdominal wall hernia repairs between 2014 and 2020. The cohort of patients who had a bridge placed in addition to the traditional open modified Rives-Stoppa repair were used for this study. Results Nineteen patients had a mesh inlay bridge placed in addition to a modified Rives-Stoppa repair with a sublay (retrorectus) Ultrapro mesh. For the inlay mesh 13 Symbotex composite meshes were placed and 6 Vicryl meshes used. The average surface area of the defect was 358.1 cm^2. The average length of hospitalization was 8.8 days with a range of 3-24 days. During the immediate postoperative course there were 6 minor complications. During the follow-up period there were 2 recurrences. Discussion The use of inlay mesh bridge as an adjuvant to a modified Rives-Stoppa repair with a sublay ultrapro mesh is an effective technique for difficult abdominal wall repairs where the posterior fascia is unable to be approximated without tension.
Stratified Preoperative A1c is not Significantly Associated With Clavien-Dindo Major Complications Following Bariatric Surgery in the MBSAQIP Database
Authors: Pina Luis , Dove James , Wood G. Craig , Parker David M. , Still Christopher , Petrick Anthony , Daouadi Mustapha 
Published: September 2022

Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent comorbidity in patients with morbid obesity. It is still unclear whether a cutoff value of preoperative A1c represents an increased risk for major postoperative complications following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG). Methods Retrospective MBSAQIP Participant Use File cohort for both years 2017 and 2018 were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c in patients with morbid obesity and T2DM undergoing bariatric surgery, and the 30 days postoperative major complications by Clavien-Dindo classification (III/IV). We used an HbA1c cutoff of <7, > =7, and stratified by 1% increment for a total of 11 groups. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the outcome of the complications. Predicted probabilities were calculated for major complications. All statistical tests were two-sided with a P-value of less than .05 considered as a cut-off for statistical significance. Results Of 42,181 patients that met inclusion criteria, there were 20,955 identified with HbA1c <7%, and 21,226 patients with HbA1c >7%. Utilizing HbA1c <7% as a cutoff, we found no consistent statistical significance in the major postoperative complication in patients with HbA1c >7%, and when stratified with 1% increment between groups. We also found no significance between groups with risk adjustment. Conclusions Extensive analysis of the large MBSAQIP cohort didn’t result in a clinically significant association between stratified HbA1c and 30-day Clavien-Dindo major complications (III/IV) following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and (SG).
Prevalence of Self-photography in Patients Presenting for Primary Aesthetic Rhinoplasty
Authors: Araslanova Rakhna , Pearlman Steven 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Habitual self-photographs or selfies have been anecdotally associated with patients presenting for cosmetic rhinoplasty. Our objective was to establish the prevalence of self-photography in patients presenting for aesthetic rhinoplasty. Secondary objective was to determine if presenting nasal concerns have changed since taking selfies became widely accepted in 2013. Methods: Demographic data, referral source, and nasal concerns were retrospectively collected for 100 consecutive patients seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty consultations in 2018 and 2012. Revision cases were excluded. A voluntary, paper-based survey was used to capture the frequency of self-photography during the initial consultation in 2018. Results: One hundred consecutive patients were included from January through September of 2018. Out of 92 survey respondents, 80.4% admitted to taking selfies. Patients engaging in self-photography less than once per month composed 23.9%, followed by weekly in 21.7% and daily in 20.7% of survey respondents. A 17% increase in Internet-sourced patient referrals was observed in 2018. The top 3 nasal complaints in the 2018 cohort were tip-related followed by hump and big nose. Whereas the 2012 cohort was mostly concerned with hump, tip shape, and nasal obstruction. Conclusions: Most patients seeking primary cosmetic rhinoplasty engage in self-photography. Monitoring changes in the patterns of referrals and patient’s aesthetic concerns about nasal appearance are important for rhinoplasty surgeons as their practice evolves to integrate social networking and Internet-based communications. Level of Evidence: III
AIDS-related cytomegalovirus encephalitis in the late ART era: A retrospective cohort study at a referral center in Brazil
Authors: Lucas Júnior Rodovaldo M , Bogoni Giuliane , Reis Schneider Gustavo A , Castanheira de Souza Nidyanara F , Carvalho Maria Kassab , Vidal José Ernesto 
Published: September 2022

Background AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis has declined in the combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) era in high-income countries. However, there is scarce information on CMV encephalitis in low- and middle-income countries. The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of AIDS-related CMV encephalitis and describe its main features. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study carried out at a referral center in São Paulo, Brazil. We included adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), hospitalized in 2019, with a CD4 cell count ≤100/mm3 and quantitation CMV DNA results in plasma. Cases with compatible neurological manifestations and detection of CMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid samples were defined as CMV encephalitis. Results Among 761 PLWHA hospitalized, 248 (32.5%) cases were included in this study. Prevalence of CMV encephalitis was 2.4% (6/248) among all included cases and 7.7% (6/78) among individuals with neurological opportunistic diseases. The six patients with CMV encephalitis were males and had CD4 cell count <50/mm3. Five (83%) cases had CMV encephalitis as AIDS-defining disease and showed CMV DNA detection by PCR >50,000 UI/mL plasma. All six cases received anti-CMV therapy (ganciclovir, n = 4; ganciclovir plus foscarnet, n = 2) and five were discharged to home. CMV encephalitis was not uncommon among hospitalized PLWHA with neurological opportunistic diseases. Conclusions The epidemiological and immunological profile of individuals with CMV encephalitis was similar to that described in the pre-ART era, but in contrast, most cases were treated and discharged from the hospital.
Allopurinol Use and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Lai Shih-Wei , Hwang Bing-Fang , Kuo Yu-Hung , Liu Chiu-Shong , Liao Kuan-Fu 
Published: September 2022

Objective To assess whether there is a relation between allopurinol use and the probability of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in persons with gout and/or hyperuricemia. Methods According to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a meta-analysis was performed by searching literature published from 2000 to 2021 in two electronic databases (Ebscohost and PubMed). The end point was set as a new diagnosis ofT2DM between people with the use of allopurinol and people with non-use of allopurinol. The random-effects model was performed to evaluate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for T2DM associated with allopurinol use. Results Three cohort studies could meet the inclusion criteria in the meta-analysis. There was a high heterogeneity of the outcome between studies (I2 = 99%). The research duration ranged from 13 to 16 years. The subject number in each work ranged from 1114 to 138,652. A meta-analysis disclosed that there was not an association between allopurinol use and the risk of developing T2DM (pooled HR = 1.01 and 95%CI = .55–1.84). Conclusions The meta-analysis shows that no correlation is detected between allopurinol use and the risk of T2DM in individuals with gout and/or hyperuricemia. Because there are not enough eligible studies, the strength of evidence in our meta-analysis is weak. More cohort studies are needed to determine an association between use of allopurinol and the probability of T2DM for individuals with gout and/or hyperuricemia.
Psychosocial factors associated with health-related quality of life in patients with chronic disease: Results of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Van Wilder Lisa , Vandepitte Sophie , Clays Els , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Pype Peter , Boeckxstaens Pauline , Schrans Diego , De Smedt Delphine 
Published: September 2022

Objective The impact of various psychosocial factors (sense of coherence, illness perception, patient enablement, self-efficacy, health literacy, personality) is not fully understood across a wide range of chronic diseases, and in particular in patients with multimorbidity. As such, this study assessed the key psychosocial factors associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with one or more chronic diseases based on cross-sectional data collected in Flanders (Belgium). Methods Cross-sectional data on 544 chronically ill patients were analysed. Multiple linear regression models were built to analyze the key psychosocial factors associated with HRQoL (EQ-5D-5Lindex as dependent factor). Results Overall, the strongest independently associated factor with HRQoL was illness perceptions (β = −0.52, P < 0.001). In addition, sense of coherence (β = 0.14, P = < 0.05) was independently positively associated with HRQoL. Moreover, after stratification for multimorbidity, the negative association of illness perceptions with HRQoL was stronger when multimorbidity is present compared to when it is absent (β = −0.62, P < 0.001 vs β = −0.38, P < 0.001). Conclusions This study revealed interesting associations of the modifiable psychosocial factors of illness perceptions and sense of coherence with HRQoL in a population of chronically ill persons. Given that the burden of chronic diseases will rise in the next decades, designing and implementing interventions that enhance these psychosocial abilities of patients, especially illness perceptions in multimorbid patients, is needed in order to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in terms of impaired HRQoL.
Profiles of Odorant Specific Performance in Olfactory Testing
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. , Mace Jess , Farrell Nyssa , Rimmer Ryan , Alt Jeremiah A. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Edwards Thomas S. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) can occur from a variety of etiologies. However, there are few reports examining whether varying etiologies have unique profiles of psychophysical testing that may provide insight into the pathophysiology of OD.MethodsAdults with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP/CRSsNP) and healthy control adults with no sinus complaints underwent olfactory assessment with Sniffin’ Sticks. Profiles of identification and discrimination were compared between CRS and non-CRS subjects across the spectrum of OD.ResultsNormosmics with or without CRS identified apple, pineapple, and turpentine less frequently than expected (range 52%-68% correct). Hyposmics with CRS correctly identified orange more frequently than control hyposmics (83%-93% vs 68% for controls) with similar findings for rose. Hyposmics of all cohorts were unable to identify apple (26%). Discrimination profiles were similar across the spectrum of OD and between diagnostic groups.ConclusionsIdentification and discrimination rates of specific odorants may provide unique information regarding the etiology of OD, however psychophysical testing is a complex interplay of olfactory and trigeminal function, the strength of target odorant, distractor choices, and familiarity with odorants.
A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Two Genetic Markers for Chondromalacia
Authors: Kim Stuart K. , Kahn Condor , Abrams Geoffrey D. 
Published: September 2022

Objective It is unknown why some athletes develop chondromalacia and others do not, even when accounting for similar workloads between individuals. Genetic differences between individuals may be a contributing factor. The purpose of this work was to screen the entire genome for genetic markers associated with chondromalacia. Design Genome-wide association (GWA) analyses were performed utilizing data from the Kaiser Permanente Research Board (KPRB) and the UK Biobank. Chondromalacia cases were identified based on electronic health records from KPRB and UK Biobank. GWA analyses from both cohorts were tested for chondromalacia using a logistic regression model adjusting for sex, height, weight, age of enrollment, and race/ethnicity using allele counts for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The data from the 2 GWA studies (KPRB and UK Biobank) were combined in a meta-analysis. Results There were a total of 3,872 combined cases of chondromalacia from the KPRB and the UK Biobank cohorts. Genome-wide significant associations with chondromalacia were found for rs144449054 in the ARHGAP15 gene (OR = 3.70 [2.32-5.90]; P = 1.4 × 10−8) and rs188900564 in the MAGEC2 (OR = 2.07 [1.61-2.65]; P = 3.7 × 10−9). Conclusions Genetic markers in ARHGAP15 and MAGEC2 appear to be associated with chondromalacia and are potential risk factors that deserve further validation regarding molecular mechanisms.
In and Out of Focus: An Urban Lens on COVID-19 in the Global South
Authors: Heymann David 
Published: September 2022

How has COVID-19 affected the everyday lives of citizens in the global South? Through a visual narrative, this photographic essay brings forth the impact that the pandemic has had on the lives and livelihoods of the urban poor that has been ‘out of focus’, ranging from the urban emptiness of vacated streets to the hands-on community spirit to help those in need. This visual essay uses imagery sourced from city partners within the KNOW programme, to depict and compare urban realities before (in focus) and during (out of focus) the pandemic. By visually presenting the people and places in pre-pandemic circumstances, this piece juxtaposes localised lived experiences, alongside the disruption, inherent solidarity and urban inequalities that have arisen during the progression of the pandemic in the global South.
Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor for migraine patients with prior preventive treatment failure: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xing , Wen Dingke , He Qiang , You Chao , Ma Lu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
The relative effects of monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor for adult migraine patients with prior treatment failure remains uncertain. Therefore, this study systematically assessed the comparative effectiveness of different CGRP binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for these patients.

Methods
Several online databases including Ovid MEDILNE, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from inception to June 15, 2022. We included randomized clinical trials (RCT) of adult migraine patients with previous treatment failure that assessed any CGRP monoclonal antibody. The primary efficacy outcome was change in monthly migraine days (MMDs), and the primary safety outcome was treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results
Overall, seven studies totaling 3, 052 patients were included. Three-node analysis showed that CGRP mAbs was superior to CGRP receptor mAbs in reducing MMDs (MD: -1.55, 95% CrI: − 2.43 to − 0.44) and improving at least 50% response rates (RR: 1.52, 95% CrI: 1.04 to 2.21). Nine-node analysis showed galcanezumab 240 mg ranked first in reducing MMDs (MD -4.40, 95% CrI − 7.60 to − 1.19) and improving 50% response rates (RR: 4.18, 95% CrI: 2.63 to 6.67). Moreover, treatment with fremanezumab or eptinezumab 300 mg provides a significant advantage over erenumab 140 mg regarding an improved response rate of at least 50%. The analysis did not show difference in incidences of TEAEs and serious adverse events in any of the comparisons.

Conclusions
It appears that CGRP mAbs, especially galcanezumab 240 mg, monthly fremanezumab, and eptinezumab 300 mg, seem to be the best choice for the treatment of migraine patients with previous treatment failures. This finding also calls for future research that examine the associations between these medications in migraine therapy among the same patient group to testify the present findings.
Lower preoperative serum uric acid level may be a risk factor for postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a matched retrospective case-control study
Authors: Xu Lin , Lyu Wenyuan , Wei Penghui , Zheng Qiang , Li Chengwei , Zhang Zheng , Li Jianjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after hip fracture surgery that is associated with various short- and long-term outcomes. The mechanism of POD may be associated with the oxidative stress process. Uric acid has been shown to provide a neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases through its antioxidant properties. However, it is unclear whether lower preoperative serum uric acid levels are associated with the development of POD after hip fracture surgery. Therefore, this study assessed the association of lower preoperative uric acid levels in patients with POD during hospitalization.MethodsThis is a matched retrospective case-control study that included 96 older patients (≥65 y) who underwent hip fracture surgery. POD was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Patients diagnosed with POD (cases) were matched 1:1 with patients without POD (controls) on the basis of age, sex, and anesthesia type. The relationship between preoperative uric acid and POD was analyzed by multivariable analysis.ResultsThe POD and non-POD groups each had 48 patients. In the univariate analysis, lower log preoperative serum uric acid value, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and cerebrovascular disease were more likely in patients with POD than in those with no POD. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis showed that lower log preoperative serum uric acid (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.028; confidence interval [CI], 0.001–0.844;p= 0.040), higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (aOR, 1.314; 95% CI, 1.053–1.638;p= 0.015), and increased surgery duration (aOR, 1.034; 95% CI, 1.004–1.065;p= 0.024) were associated with increased risk of POD.ConclusionsLower preoperative serum uric acid levels may be an independent risk factor for POD after adjustment for possible confounding factors. However, large prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Association of intensive care unit or paediatric intensive care unit admissions with the method of transporting patients: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Ishihara Tadashi , Okamoto Ken , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Reports regarding transportation methods of severely critical patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or paediatric ICU (PICU) are limited. In an attempt to address this research gap, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that prognosis is worse in patients transported by family members.

Methods
This multicentre study collected data from the Japanese Registry of Paediatric Acute Care database. Data concerning patients aged ≤16 years admitted to a participating hospital ICU or PICU and their transportation method to the hospital were extracted and divided into two groups: transported by family and transported by emergency medical services (EMS).

Results
Of the 2963 patients who met the criteria, 871 (29.4%) were transported by family and 2092 (70.6%) were transported by EMS. Significantly more patients with chronic conditions (551 patients, 63.3% vs. 845 patients, 40.4%; p <  0.01) or respiratory failure (414 patients, 47.5% vs. 455 patients, 21.7%; p <  0.01) were admitted to the ICU or PICU in the family transport group. There was no significant difference in survival rate between EMS and family transport group, matched by PIM2, chronic condition status and transport distance (OR:1.17, 95%CI:0.39–3.47, p = 0.78).

Conclusion
The results of this study show that the transportation method does not affect the survival rate of paediatric patients. The proportion of patients with chronic conditions or those admitted because of respiratory failure was higher in the family transport group than in the EMS group. Therefore, as these patients are more likely to be admitted to the ICU or PICU, it is important to provide prompt respiratory care and medical interventions to achieve the best outcomes.