bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of new hyperspectral satellites for raw materials exploration
Authors: Schodlok Martin C. , Frei Michaela , Segl Karl 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hyperspectral remote sensing already is important in geoscientific research in the fields of geology, soil, exploration and mining. New hyperspectral satellite systems are already in operation (e.g. PRISMA and DESIS; Caporusso et al. 2020; Alonso et al. (Sensors 19(20):4471–4515, 2019)) and more systems are planned e.g. the European Copernicus Next Generation Hyperspectral Satellite CHIME (Nieke and Rast 2018). The German system EnMAP was successfully launched into space on 1st of April 2022 (DLR 2022). The potential of hyperspectral airborne and satellite borne data for mining-related applications is discussed. Investigated are the information contents of hyperspectral data for exploration target recognition and their dependency on spatial resolutions of different sensor platforms. Airborne data offer high spatial resolution of 2.5 m with limited areal data acquisition, whereas hyperspectral spaceborne sensors guaranty nearly worldwide data availability with the same spectral characteristics but medium spatial resolution (30 m). The aspects of high spectral resolution and high versus medium spatial resolution targeted mineral mapping is investigated. The methodological concept includes processing aspects, standardized data availability for mineral mapping and mineralization targeting for operational application, to maintain/allow application of hyperspectral data even for non-remote sensing experts. Based on hyperspectral airborne data acquired in the Aggeneys region in South Africa, spaceborne hyperspectral data are simulated following the EnMAP specifications, and the concept for targeted mapping of surface alterations of a lead zinc deposit is discussed.
Implementing the Lolli-Method and pooled RT-qPCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in schools: a pilot project
Authors: Kretschmer Alina Chloé , Junker Lena , Dewald Felix , Linne Viktoria , Hennen Lea , Horemheb-Rubio Gibran , Kaiser Rolf , Steger Gertrud , Joachim Alexander , Schönenkorb Jana , Cosgun Zülfü Cem , Mühlhans Neslihan , Heger Eva , Knops Elena , Leisse Charlotte , Kessel Barbora , Heinsohn Torben , Rodiah Isti , Lange Berit , Ritter Anne Lena , Fries Mira , Kossow Annelene , Nießen Johannes , Dötsch Jörg , Klein Florian , Rybniker Jan , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Suárez Isabelle 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
School closures have been used as part of lockdown strategies to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, adversely affecting children’s health and education. To ensure the accessibility of educational institutions without exposing society to the risk of increased transmissions, it is essential to establish SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies that are child-friendly, scalable and implementable in a daily school routine. Self-sampling using non-invasive saliva swabs combined with pooled RT-qPCR testing (Lolli-Method) has been proven to be a sensitive method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
We conducted a pilot project in Cologne, Germany, designed to determine the feasibility of a large-scale rollout of the Lolli-Method for testing without any additional on-site medical staff in schools. Over a period of three weeks, students from 22 schools were sampled using the Lolli-Method. At the end of the project, teachers were asked to evaluate the overall acceptance of the project.

Results
We analyzed a total of 757 pooled RT-qPCRs obtained from 8,287 individual swabs and detected 7 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. The Lolli-Method was shown to be a feasible and accepted testing strategy whose application is only slightly disruptive to the daily school routine.

Conclusion
Our observations suggest that the Lolli-Method in combination with pooled RT-qPCR can be implemented for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in daily school routine, applicable on a large scale.
Plasma cytokine levels characterize disease pathogenesis and treatment response in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Vivekanandan Monika M. , Adankwah Ernest , Aniagyei Wilfred , Acheampong Isaac , Yeboah Augustine , Arthur Joseph F. , Lamptey Millicent N. K. , Abass Mohammed K. , Gawusu Amidu , Kumbel Francis , Osei-Yeboah Francis , Debrah Linda Batsa , Owusu Dorcas O. , Debrah Alexander , Mayatepek Ertan , Seyfarth Julia , Phillips Richard O. , Jacobsen Marc 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis-caused immunopathology is characterized by aberrant expression of plasma cytokines in human tuberculosis. Disease severity and long-term anti-mycobacterial treatment are potentially influenced by immunopathology and normalization of plasma cytokine levels during therapy may indicate treatment efficacy and recovery.

Study design and methods
In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of selected plasma cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IP-10, IL-10, IL-22, IFNγ, GM-CSF, IL-8) and M. tuberculosis sputum burden in patients with tuberculosis (n = 76). Cytokine levels were compared to healthy contacts (n = 40) and changes under treatment were monitored (i.e., 6 and 16 weeks after treatment start). According to differences in M. tuberculosis sputum burden and conversion, tuberculosis patients were classified as paucibacillary as well as ‘rapid’ or ‘slow’ treatment responders. A subgroup of tuberculosis patients had fatal disease courses.

Results
Six of seven cytokines were significantly higher in tuberculosis patients as compared to contacts and four of these (i.e., IL-6, IP-10, IL-10, and IL-22) were detectable in the majority of tuberculosis patients. IL-6 showed the strongest discriminating capacity for tuberculosis disease and in combination with IL-10 concentrations efficiently classified paucibacillary tuberculosis cases as well as those with fatal disease outcome. In addition, IL-6 and IP-10 levels decreased significantly after 6 weeks of treatment and analyses of subgroups with differential treatment response showed delayed decline of IL-6 levels in slow treatment responders.

Conclusions
Combinations of different plasma cytokine (namely, IL-6, IL-10, and IP-10) efficiently classified tuberculosis patients with differential mycobacterial burden and especially IL-6 qualified as a biomarker candidate for early treatment response.
Improved PSPNet-based water shoreline detection in complex inland river scenarios
Authors: Yin Yuheng , Guo Yangang , Deng Liwei , Chai Borong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe water shoreline is essential for unmanned surface vessels (USVs) to navigate autonomously. Many existing traditional water shoreline detections approaches not only fail to overcome the effects of water reflections, image inversions, and other factors but are also unsuitable for water shoreline detection in a variety of weather conditions and in complex inland river scenarios. Therefore, we propose a water shoreline detection approach based on an enhanced Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSPNet). We introduce a migration learning approach to the PSPNet feature backbone extraction network Resnet50 to improve training efficiency and add a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attention mechanism module to improve the robustness of training. In addition, the pyramid pooling module adds the branch of the atrous convolution module. Finally, the waterfront segmentation map is processed by the Canny edge detection method, which detects the water shorelines. For the network's training and validation, we use the USVInland dataset, the world's first urban inland driverless dataset. The experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy MIou of this paper is 96.87% and Accuracy is 98.41, which are higher than some mainstream algorithms. It is capable of detecting water shorelines accurately in a variety of interior river situations.
Unemployment and labour market recovery policies
Authors: Dhingra Swati , Kondirolli Fjolla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEvidence shows long-term unemployment (LTU) can have life-long scarring impacts on the future employment and earning prospects of individuals and lead to an overall deterioration in the wellbeing of communities. This article examines long-term unemployment in India, providing some of the first estimates from a panel of individuals before and during the pandemic. It shows that LTU makes up a substantial proportion of unemployment among the working-age population, particularly among young workers who have fared even worse since the pandemic. Existing benefits have proven inadequate in addressing long-term unemployment and young workers have a strong desire for active labour market policies from the government to address the worklessness crisis. A national-level commitment to active labour market policies could prevent a lost generation of young workers from falling into long-term unemployment and the ills that accompany it.
Failure pressure analysis of pipe repaired by composite sleeve subjected to thermal and mechanical loadings
Authors: Savari Ardeshir , Rashed Gholamreza , Eskandari Hadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the lifetime of a corroded metallic pipe, it may be exposed to a wide range of temperatures (− 50–130 °C). This study deals with the impacts of temperature and moisture on the effectiveness of a composite sleeve applied to the damaged metallic pipe employing a theoretical methodology supported by FE simulations. For this purpose, a theoretical method has been developed to obtain the failure pressure, with the repaired pipe being under thermal loading as well as internal pressure. Then, the effects of various parameters on the burst pressure of the repaired pipe have been investigated. According to the findings, studying the impact of temperature on both GFRP and thermo-wrap composites employed to repair the metallic pipe suggests that the latter could be used in exposure to a high range of temperatures, as opposed to the former, with its strength being suitable for low-temperature applications. Investigating the partially bonded condition between components revealed that the surface preparation before applying the filler material is necessary unless a partially bonded sleeve could not remarkably restore the pipe strength.
Adaptations in the Context of COVID-19: Application of an Implementation Science FRAMEwork
Authors: Albrecht Erin C. , Sherman Lindsay , Fixsen Amanda , Steffen Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvest in Kids (IIK) is a Denver, Colorado, USA-based intermediary organization that works to bridge the research-to-practice gap for programs that support Colorado’s youngest children and their families. IIK supports evidence-based programs (EBPs) including three universal, prevention programs from The Incredible Years® (IY)—Dinosaur School (a classroom curriculum), Teacher Classroom Management (teacher professional development training), and Parent Program (parent training). IIK employs staff (the IIK–IY Team) to deliver implementation supports such as training, coaching, and managing implementation teams with professionals at schools and community agencies who deliver IY programs throughout Colorado. The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges and opportunities for practitioners using EBPs, and for the IIK–IY Team. The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications—Expanded, known as the FRAME (Stirman et al., 2019), was identified as a useful tool for documenting information about COVID-19-related adaptations to local sites’ delivery of the programs, IIK’s implementation supports, and IIK’s annual statewide evaluation of IY. This case study includes an in-depth description of the various adaptations made by the IIK–IY Team, highlighting specific examples that demonstrate how the FRAME can be used to support adaptations for numerous sites in a geographic region or state. This case study provides important lessons about what successful IY delivery and implementation supports looked like in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including a description of IY fidelity and program outcomes.
Multiple worlds and strange objects: environmental education research as an additive practice
Authors: Rautio Pauliina , Hohti Riikka , Tammi Tuure , Ylirisku Henrika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper offers three examples of passionate immersion with strange objects and working with peculiar multispecies assemblages, such as the assemblage of a dove called Romeo and the technology to humidify a greenhouse called ‘Princess’, or the experiment of orienteering in forests for years, accounting for slips, scratches and tumbles as being taught by the forest — and prioritising these over the more commonplace educational narratives. The paper is structured in a nonconventional way in that most space is reserved for reports from these ongoing inquiries. The authors will each discuss how they situate themselves in relation to strangeness in research and how they proceed methodologically, locating their approaches as postqualitative. The questions each example addresses are:What is a strange object? How do we come across them? What do we begin to do/produce with them?The additive orientation described in the research stories is proposed to be an important constituent for new survival knowledge especially relevant for environmental education, addressing environmental problems as wicked, and demanding approaches that reach beyond methodological divides.
Monoidal weak ω-categories as models of a type theory
Authors: Benjamin Thibaut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWeak
$\omega$
-categories are notoriously difficult to define because of the very intricate nature of their axioms. Various approaches have been explored based on different shapes given to the cells. Interestingly, homotopy type theory encompasses a definition of weak
$\omega$
-groupoid in a globular setting, since every type carries such a structure. Starting from this remark, Brunerie could extract this definition of globular weak
$\omega$
-groupoids, formulated as a type theory. By refining its rules, Finster and Mimram have then defined a type theory called
$\mathsf{CaTT}$
, whose models are weak
$\omega$
-categories. Here, we generalize this approach to monoidal weak
$\omega$
-categories. Based on the principle that they should be equivalent to weak
$\omega$
-categories with only one 0-cell, we are able to derive a type theory
$\mathsf{MCaTT}$
whose models are monoidal weak
$\omega$
-categories. This requires changing the rules of the theory in order to encode the information carried by the unique 0-cell. The correctness of the resulting type theory is shown by defining a pair of translations between our type theory
$\mathsf{MCaTT}$
and the type theory
$\mathsf{CaTT}$
. Our main contribution is to show that these translations relate the models of our type theory to the models of the type theory
$\mathsf{CaTT}$
consisting of
$\omega$
-categories with only one 0-cell by analyzing in details how the notion of models interact with the structural rules of both type theories.
Extension of unemployment benefits and changes in job search margins
Authors: Mousavi Omid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnemployment insurance benefits are often extended during recessions. Existing research shows that this policy increases the unemployment rate and the duration of unemployment. But less is known about why these changes occur. I construct a job search model with an endogenous participation decision to quantify the contributions of (i) search effort, (ii) job selectivity, and (iii) labor market participation, to changes in unemployment outcomes. In a model calibrated to the US economy, I show that the increased participation accounts for a large fraction of the increase in the unemployment rate following a permanent extension of benefits. This finding indicates the importance of changes in the participation decision of workers facing extended benefits for the unemployment rate—a mechanism that is understudied and frequently overlooked in the quantitative labor market research exploring the impact of UI policies.
Benzobicyclon for weedy rice control in quizalofop- and imidazolinone-resistant rice systems
Authors: Patterson Jake A. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Gbur Edward E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGowan Company recently registered benzobicyclon, a WSSA Group 27 herbicide, as a postflood option in rice. It is the first 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibiting herbicide commercially available in mid-southern U.S. rice production. In 2018 and 2019, field experiments were conducted across multiple sites in Arkansas to determine if the addition of benzobicyclon to quizalofop- or imidazolinone-resistant rice herbicide programs would improve weedy rice control. Across site-years, one application of quizalofop, either at the 1- or 3-leaf rice stage, followed by benzobicyclon applied postflood, provided comparable weedy rice control to two sequential applications of quizalofop, which is a standard herbicide program in quizalofop-resistant rice. Additionally, treatments containing quizalofop or quizalofop followed by benzobicyclon injured rice ≤5% at 28 d after the postflood application. Across site-years, at 28 d after the postflood application of benzobicyclon, all treatments containing a full-season herbicide program followed by benzobicyclon postflood provided comparable or improved weedy rice control when compared to two sequential early postemergence applications of imazethapyr. In both experiments, rice treated with benzobicyclon yielded comparably or better than treatments containing the standard herbicide program for each system. Findings from this research suggest that the use of benzobicyclon in quizalofop- and imidazolinone-resistant rice systems could be an additional and viable weedy rice control option for rice producers.
Hearing Cosmopolitan Nationalism in the Work of Fairuz and the Rahbani Brothers
Authors: EL RAYES NOUR 
Published: June 2022

AbstractToday, the trajectory of Lebanese diva Fairuz’s career has become synonymous with the development of a Lebanese national subjectivity. Her performance of musical works by the Rahbani Brothers at Lebanon’s Baalbak International Festival from the 1950s–70s helped to form a Lebanese national musical style. Through close listening and analysis, this article explores the entanglement of Fairuz’s early music with both the Baalbak Festival and early Lebanese nationalist efforts, arguing that this music’s sound and style consciously laboured to articulate an emergent sense of national identity.
Possible Effects of Multiphase Methane Evolution During a Glacial Cycle on Underpressure Development in Sedimentary Basins: An Analysis With Application to the Northeast Michigan Basin
Authors: Plampin Michelle R. , Provost Alden M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn low‐permeability systems, groundwater may be accompanied by separate‐phase fluids, and measured pore water pressures may deviate from those expected in steady‐state, single‐phase systems. These same systems may be of interest for storage of nuclear waste in Deep Geologic Repositories. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between the presence of a separate phase and anomalous pressure development. At the Bruce site in Southern Ontario, a significant underpressure was observed, and there is evidence for the presence of gas‐phase methane in situ. This study used a one‐dimensional (vertical) numerical model of the subsurface down to a depth of 844 m beneath the Bruce site to evaluate possible effects of hydromechanical coupling with multiphase flow on pressure evolution during glacial loading and unloading. The simulated pressure conditions were affected strongly by the amount of methane initially present in the system, and the maximum simulated underpressure varied nonmonotonically with increasing initial methane content. When the initial methane content was below the solubility limit, exsolution led to underpressures that briefly exceeded those that formed in the single‐phase case. At intermediate initial methane contents (sufficient to produce an immobile gas phase), the gas phase dampened the hydromechanical effects of the glacial cycle. At large initial methane contents (when a mobile gas phase was present), gas migration caused a large decrease in relative liquid permeability, which further contributed to underpressure development in the pore water. Multiple scenarios that spanned a range of initial methane contents yielded underpressures like those observed at the Bruce site.
Snowball Earth Initiation and the Thermodynamics of Sea Ice
Authors: Hörner Johannes , Voigt Aiko , Braun Christoph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSnowball Earth is a hypothesized state in the deep past of Earth in which the ocean was completely or nearly completely covered by sea ice, resulting from a runaway ice‐albedo feedback. Here, we address how the treatment of sea‐ice thermodynamics affects the initiation of a Snowball Earth in the global climate model ICON‐A run in an idealized slab‐ocean aquaplanet setup. Specifically, we study the impact of vertical resolution and brine pockets of ice by comparing the 3‐layer Winton and a 0‐layer Semtner scheme, and we investigate the impact of limiting ice thickness to 5 m. The internal heat storage of ice is increased by higher vertical resolution and brine pockets, which weakens surface melting and increases global albedo by allowing snow and ice to persist longer into the summer season. The internal heat storage weakens the melt‐ratchet effect, as is confirmed with offline simulations with the two ice schemes. The result is a substantially easier Snowball Earth initiation and an increase in the critical CO2 for Snowball initiation by 50%. Limiting ice thickness impedes Snowball initiation as the removal of excess ice leads to an artificial heat source. Yet, the impact is minor and critical CO2 is decreased by 5% only. The results show that while the sea‐ice thickness limit plays only a minor role, the internal heat storage of ice represents an important factor for Snowball initiation and needs to be taken into account when modeling Snowball Earth initiation.
A One‐Year‐Long Evaluation of a Wind‐Farm Parameterization in HARMONIE‐AROME
Authors: van Stratum Bart , Theeuwes Natalie , Barkmeijer Jan , van Ulft Bert , Wijnant Ine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe need to mitigate climate change will boost the demand for renewable energy and lead to more wind turbines both on‐ and offshore. In the near future, the effect these wind farms have on the atmosphere can no longer be neglected. In numerical weather prediction models wind‐farm parameterisations (WFP) can be used to model the effect of wind farms on the atmosphere. There are different modeling approaches, but the parameterization developed by Fitch et al. (2012) is mostly used in previous studies. It models the wind farm as a momentum sink and a source of power production and turbulent kinetic energy. In this paper, we have implemented the Fitch et al. (2012) WFP into HARMONIE‐AROME, the numerical weather prediction model that is currently used by at least 11 national weather services in Europe. We used HARMONIE‐AROME to make year‐long simulations for 2016 with and without the WFP. The results were extensively evaluated using lidar, tower and flight measurements at several locations near wind farms. Including the WFP reduces the model bias for wind speed near offshore wind farms. Wind farms not only affect wind, but also temperature and humidity, especially during stable atmospheric conditions: the enhanced mixing caused by the wind turbines reduces the stratification of temperature and humidity. Including the WFP in HARMONIE‐AROME results in a more realistic representation of the atmosphere near wind farms and makes it a more future‐proof model for weather forecasting.