bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Spanish programs evaluate oral proficiency gains for all learners? An empirical analysis of traditional and nontraditional Spanish majors' oral proficiency development
Authors: Viera Carolina , Arispe Kelly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigher education Spanish programs in the United States are diverse and complex, especially when it comes to student linguistic background. However, most studies on language proficiency were designed for traditional learners (L2s). In this study, we examine oral proficiency development of 125 Spanish majors in light of four linguistic profiles: Extended Stay Abroad learners, Second Language Learners, Native Speakers, and Spanish Heritage Language Learners. Data were collected using an oral exam based on the ACTFL Oral Proficiency guidelines at the beginning and end of students' upper division coursework. Quantitative analysis reveals significant differences within groups for senior exit oral proficiency exam scores as well as level gains. These findings suggest that oral proficiency exams are a valuable tool for understanding differences in oral proficiency development for the four student categories. This information is pertinent for program assessment and has important research and pedagogical implications.
Usefulness of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria to predict sarcopenia and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Miwa Takao , Hanai Tatsunori , Nishimura Kayoko , Unome Shinji , Maeda Toshihide , Ogiso Yui , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, a newly developed global consensus around core diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, needs validation studies for use in daily clinical settings. This study aimed to determine whether the GLIM criteria could predict sarcopenia and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 858 patients with CLD who were treated at our hospital between March 2013 and December 2019. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the criteria proposed by the Japan Society of Hepatology. Malnutrition was assessed using the GLIM criteria, subjective global assessment (SGA), and Royal Free Hospital‐global assessment (RFH‐GA) and their predictive ability for sarcopenia and mortality were assessed using the logistic regression analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression model, respectively.ResultsAmong the eligible 406 patients, 67% were men, the median age was 74 years, and 26% had sarcopenia. The prevalence of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria, SGA, and RFH‐GA was 21%, 35%, and 26%, respectively. Comparing malnourished with well‐nourished patients, the odds ratio for complicating sarcopenia was 2.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–4.49) for the GLIM criteria, 2.13 (95% CI, 1.09–4.15) for the SGA, and 2.78 (95% CI, 1.56–4.95) for the RFH‐GA. During a median follow‐up period of 2.0 years, 176 (43%) patients died. After adjusting for confounding factors, the GLIM criteria could independently predict mortality (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.37–2.81).ConclusionsThe GLIM criteria are useful in identifying sarcopenia and predicting mortality in patients with CLD.
Sexually transmitted diseases in people living with HIV after implementation of cost coverage of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis by statutory health insurance in Germany
Authors: Schuettfort Gundolf , Groh Ana , Kann Gerrit , Haberl Annette , Herrmann Eva , Wetzstein Nils , Vehreschild Maria Johanna Gobertina Tetuanui , Stephan Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesAfter pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was introduced, rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased among PrEP users. However, data on STI trends in people living with HIV since then are limited. Since September 2019, PrEP has been covered by statutory German health insurance (SHI) in vulnerable groups. This study aimed to determine whether this coverage of PrEP costs affected STI rates in people living with HIV (specifically, men who have sex with men).MethodsAll patients of the HIVCENTER Frankfurt diagnosed with at least one STI within the observation period were retrospectively enrolled in the study. STIs included infection with Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis. The observation period covered 1 year before and 1 year after the coverage of PrEP costs by German SHI. Data were collected from outpatient clinic records.ResultsIn total, 143 patients were enrolled in the study. The observation period was September 2018 to August 2019 for group 1 (n = 73) and September 2019 to August 2020 for group 2 (n = 70). The most frequent STIs were syphilis and infections due to chlamydia, gonococci, and trichomonads, in descending order. Infections with T. pallidum occurred more often in group 2 than in group 1 (60.0% vs. 50.7%; p = 0.253) as did chlamydia (37.1% vs. 28.8%; p = 0.286).ConclusionsA tendency for an increased ratio of STIs in people living with HIV was observed after the introduction of PrEP coverage by German SHI. STIs should be discussed intensively with people living with HIV, since the communities of PrEP users and people living with HIV overlap, and changes in risk behaviour might influence both groups.
Thermoablative resistance of Ta/TaHfC2‐laminated composites under plasma flame
Authors: Xiao Peng , Wang Song , Yu Yiping , Fang Bing , Li Wei , Li Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA strong and tough Ta/TaHfC2‐laminated composite was proposed and investigated in terms of its thermoablative behavior under plasma flame for a medium–long time (30–120 s) beyond 2517 K. In comparison to TaHfC2, the composite performed a better thermal shock resistance but an equivalent linear ablation rate (−5.40 vs. −4.08 μm/s) after ablation for 30 s. With extending the ablation time, the linear ablation rate of the composite increases. Combined with the characterization results of the ablative layer and the established volatile phase diagram at 2273 K, it was found that the composite mainly undergoes active oxidation, passive oxidation, and dissolution of oxygen during the ablation, whereas its ablative layer mainly experiences the sintering, solid solution, and loss processes of oxides. The reason the composite possesses a good ablation resistance is because the introduction of Ta‐foil‐improved toughness as well as protective effect of the ablative layer of TaHfC2.
Blue light‐excitable Eu‐doped yellow emitting borate KSr4B3O9 phosphor for white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Lv Qingyi , Ma Xiaoxi , Dong Yujuan , Li Ying , Shao Bohuai , Wang Chuqi , Yang Shuo , Wang Chuang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the development of novel phosphors for solid‐state light applications, the suitable excitation peak matching with blue LED chip was usually neglected. However, the excitation peak of phosphors was strongly related to the Stocks shift, crystal field splitting, and centroid shift. Here, an environmentally friendly borate phosphor KSr4B3O9: Eu2+ with the maximum excitation peak position at ∼460 nm was prepared in a quite mild synthesis condition. With a blue light excitation, KSr4B3O9: Eu2+ phosphors could emit a bright yellow light centered at ∼560 nm, which could be attributed to the drastic centroid shift and strong crystal field splitting. The strong electron cloud overlaps between Eu–O and the high electron density on the O atom turned out to be the main reason that induces the strong nephelauxetic effect. In addition, the strong crystal field splitting was benefited to the relatively short average Sr–O distance and the large Sr–O distances distribution range from ∼2.23 to 2.96 Å. Meanwhile, the Eu2+ occupation of all the Sr2+ sites in KSr4B3O9 host identified by Rietveld refinement, cryogenic emission spectra, and Eu3+ fluorescent probe gave another evidence to the wide absorption region. The final WLED device and three‐dimensional colorful artwork were fabricated and displayed to suggest a potential application in the solid‐state lighting field and some expressions of esthetic concepts.
The role of cobalt to control the synthesis of nanoscale Co/UiO‐66 composite for photocatalysis
Authors: Ahmed Moustafa , Al‐Hadeethi Yas M. , Alshahrie Ahmed , Kutbee Arwa T. , Al‐Hossainy Ahmed F. , Shaaban Essam R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRestricted synthesis of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is highly desirable for optimizing their performance and extending their applications. In the present work, Co was utilized as an additive for the mixture of zirconium‐based MOF adding of Co. We found a significant effect on reducing the crystal size of UiO‐66 by increasing the Co additive. The XCo/UiO‐66 composites, where X refers to the weight percentage, were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, UV, TGA, and DTA. Consequently, well‐dispersed nanoscale UiO‐66 crystals of nanocrystal size can be easily synthesized by adding Co. Such a difficult process involves a couple of equivalent mechanisms, one is related to the adsorption of the coloring into the pores of the MOF, whereas the other mechanism is that the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance of XCo/UiO‐66 nanoparticles are higher than those of pristine UiO‐66. Furthermore, increasing the Co additive can reduce the bandgap of the material; therefore, it enhances the photocatalytic performance. The synthesized nanoscale UiO‐66 crystals exhibit a high degree of crystallinity and porosity.
Virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility and phylogenetic analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii isolates of food origins from Jordan
Authors: Jaradat Ziad W. , Al-Mousa Waseem A. , Elbetieha Ahmed M. , Ababneh Qutaiba O. , Al-Nabulsi Anas A. , Jang Hyein , Gangiredla Jayanthi , Patel Isha R. , Gopinath Gopal R. , Tall Ben D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim was to characterize a collection of Cronobacter sakazakii isolates collected from various origins in Jordan.

Methods and Results
The isolates were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, DNA microarray, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), O-serotyping, virulence gene identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The identities and phylogenetic relatedness revealed that C. sakazakii sequence type 4 (ST4) and Csak O:1 serotype were the most prevalent STs and serovars amongst these C. sakazakii strains. PCR screening of putative virulence genes showed that the siderophore-interacting protein gene (sip) and iron acquisition gene clusters (eitCBAD and iucABCD/iutA) were the most detected genes with noticeable variability in the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) and filamentous hemagglutinin/adhesion (FHA) gene loci. The antibiotic resistance profiles revealed that the majority of the isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics used despite harbouring a class C β-lactamase resistance gene.

Conclusions
The results described in this report provide additional insights about the considerable genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity within C. sakazakii.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The information reported in this study might be of great value in understanding the origins of C. sakazakii isolates, in addition to their diversity and variability, which might be helpful in preventing future outbreaks of this pathogen.
Eat Walk Engage: Enabling acute care teams to deliver consistent fundamentals of care for older people
Authors: Cahill Margaret , Neill Sharne , Treleaven Elise , Lee‐Steere Karen , Carter Andy , McCormack Linda , Mudge Alison 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsFundamentals of care are particularly important for older people in acute inpatient settings, who are at increased risk of serious hospital‐associated complications like delirium and functional decline. These complications occur due to interactions between clinical complexity and the complex processes and context of hospital care and can be reduced by consistent attention to the fundamentals of care. This paper aims to illustrate of how multi‐level nursing leadership of fundamentals of care can be supported to emerge within complex multidisciplinary delivery systems in acute care.DesignDiscussion paper informed by clinical and organizational experience of a multidisciplinary leadership team and complexity leadership theory.Data sourcesWe provide a series of vignettes as practical illustrations of a successful multidisciplinary improvement program called Eat Walk Engage which supports the delivery of better care for older inpatients, significantly reducing delirium. We argue that taking a broader complexity‐based approach including collaborative multidisciplinary engagement, iterative and integrated interventions and appropriate knowledge translation frameworks can enable emergent leadership by nurses at all levels.Implications for nursingThis promising approach to improving care for older patients requires organizational support for facilitation and reflective practice, and for meaningful data to support change. Our discussion challenges nursing leaders to support the time, agency and connections their nursing staff need in order to emerge as local leaders in fundamental care.ConclusionThe debate around scope and responsibilities for fundamentals of care in hospital care has important practical implications for conceptualizing leadership and accountability for improvement.ImpactOur discussion illustrates how a structured multidisciplinary approach that acknowledges and navigates complexity can empower nurses to lead and improve outcomes of older patients in acute care.
Seasoned equity offerings and payout policy
Authors: Walker Mark D. , Yost Keven 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigate firms that issue seasoned equity following a period of payouts to equity holders. Firms that engage in this roundtrip of equity exhibit strong growth in investment in capital expenditures. Issuing seasoned equity for payout firms does not appear to be associated with future declines in operating cash flow, but rather is associated more with large absolute increases in future cash flow. These firms tend to issue equity when their equity valuations are high, suggesting that market conditions matter. Our findings are consistent with firms issuing equity to use the capital for valuable investments in fixed assets, consistent with market assessments of growth opportunities.
Vulnerable Elder Protection Team: Initial experience of an emergency department‐based interdisciplinary elder abuse program
Authors: Rosen Tony , Elman Alyssa , Clark Sunday , Gogia Kriti , Stern Michael E. , Mulcare Mary R. , Makaroun Lena K. , Gottesman Elaine , Baek Daniel , Pearman Morgan , Sullivan Michelle , Brissenden Kelly , Shaw Amy , Bloemen Elizabeth M. , LoFaso Veronica M. , Breckman Risa , Pillemer Karl , Sharma Rahul , Lachs Mark S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn emergency department (ED) visit provides a unique opportunity to identify elder abuse and initiate intervention, but emergency providers rarely do. To address this, we developed the Vulnerable Elder Protection Team (VEPT), an ED‐based interdisciplinary consultation service. We describe our initial experience in the first two years after the program launch.MethodsWe launched VEPT in a large, urban, academic ED/hospital. From 4/3/17 to 4/2/19, we tracked VEPT activations, including patient characteristics, assessment, and interventions. We compared VEPT activations to frequency of elder abuse identification in the ED before VEPT launch. We examined outcomes for patients evaluated by VEPT, including change in living situation at discharge. We assessed ED providers' experiences with VEPT via written surveys and focus groups.ResultsDuring the program's initial two years, VEPT was activated and provided consultation/care to 200 ED patients. Cases included physical abuse (59%), neglect (56%), financial exploitation (32%), verbal/emotional/psychological abuse (25%), and sexual abuse (2%). Sixty‐two percent of patients assessed were determined by VEPT to have high or moderate suspicion for elder abuse. Seventy‐five percent of these patients had a change in living/housing situation or were discharged with new or additional home services, with 14% discharged to an elder abuse shelter, 39% to a different living/housing situation, and 22% with new or additional home services. ED providers reported that VEPT made them more likely to consider/assess for elder abuse and recognized the value of the expertise and guidance VEPT provided. Ninety‐four percent reported believing that there is merit in establishing a VEPT Program in other EDs.ConclusionVEPT was frequently activated and many patients were discharged with changes in living situation and/or additional home services, which may improve safety. Future research is needed to examine longer‐term outcomes.
Invoicing Currency and Financial Hedging
Authors: LYONNET VICTOR , MARTIN JULIEN , MEJEAN ISABELLE 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine the link between exporters' currency choices and their use of financial hedging instruments. Large firms are more likely to use hedging instruments, especially those pricing in a foreign currency. We provide suggestive evidence that access to hedging instruments increases the probability of pricing in a foreign currency. A model of invoicing currency choice augmented with hedging can rationalize these facts. In the model, large firms that would have chosen to price in their own currency in the absence of hedging instruments can decide to set prices in a foreign currency if they have access to such instruments.
A developmental perspective on personality–relationship transactions: Evidence from three nationally representative samples
Authors: Bühler Janina Larissa , Mund Marcus , Neyer Franz J. , Wrzus Cornelia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThroughout their lives, people experience different relationship events, such as beginning or dissolving a romantic relationship. Personality traits predict the occurrence of such relationship events (i.e., selection effects), and relationship events predict changes in personality traits (i.e., socialization effects), summarized as personality–relationship transactions. So far, evidence was partly inconsistent as to how personality traits and relationship events are linked with each other. In this article, we argue that unnoticed age differences might have led to these inconsistencies. To systematically test for age differences in transactions, we conceptualize relationship events in terms of gains and losses and apply a developmental perspective on transactions.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from three nationally representative samples (SOEP, HILDA, Understanding Society), we computed event‐focused latent growth models and summarized the results meta‐analytically.ResultsThe findings indicated some transactions. Of these, selection effects were stronger than socialization effects, and effects of gain‐based events were stronger than effects of loss‐based events. We observed few interactions with age.ConclusionSelection effects and, particularly, socialization effects, tend to be rare and fairly independent of age. We discuss a series of broader and narrower factors that may have an impact on the strength of transactions across adulthood.
Ageism on Twitter during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole , Liu Luyao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis has sparked a resurgence of scholarly interest in the issue of ageism. Whether the outbreak thwarts or facilitates efforts to combat ageism hinges upon public sentiments toward the older demographic. This study aims to explore discourse surrounding older adults by analyzing 183,179 related tweets posted during the COVID‐19 pandemic from February to December 2020. Overall, sentiments toward older adults became significantly less negative over time, being the least negative in April, August, and October, though the score remained below the neutral value throughout the 11 months. Our topic modelling analysis generated four themes: “The Need to Protect Older Adults” (41%), “Vulnerability and Mortality” (36%), “Failure of Political Leadership” (12%), and “Resilience” (11%). These findings indicate nascent support for older adults, though attempts to show solidarity may well worsen benevolent ageism.
Geochemistry of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 11962 and its potential source region/crater in the Procellarum KREEP terrane
Authors: Bechtold Andreas , Schulz Toni , Wegner Wencke , Mader Dieter , Patterer Christian , Koeberl Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11962 is a regolith breccia with a diverse range of mineral and lithic clasts. For the present study, major and trace element contents and selected isotopic compositions were determined on a homogenized bulk powder of NWA 11962 by instrumental neutron activation analysis, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The chemical composition of the sample points toward an origin of the meteorite from within the Procellarum KREEP terrane (PKT). Samarium‐Nd and Rb‐Sr isotopic compositions and concentrations show a similarity to those of Apollo 15 soils and KREEP basalt. Highly siderophile element (HSE) abundances and ratios, as well as the Re/Os isotopic system, are often used as tracers of different impactor types. The 187Os/188Os and 187Re/188Os isotopic ratios are within the range of ordinary chondrites, yet some of the siderophile element and highly siderophile element ratios are comparable to those of iron meteorites. Using Fe, Th, and Ti abundances of lunar surface regolith, measured by the Lunar Prospector gamma‐ray spectrometer, we attempt to constrain potential lunar source regions for NWA 11962. By matching these possible source regions with coordinates of recently (<1 Ma) formed lunar impact craters (so‐called lunar cold spots), we localized a potential source crater of NWA 11962 at the western rim of the PKT close to Sinus Medii.
Effect of intracolonic volume on gastric sensory‐motor responses in constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Caballero Noemi , Marin Ingrid , Riu Fausto , Leal Carles , Serra Jordi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInteraction between gut stimuli may induce symptom overlap in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The aim is to determine the effect of increased volumes of colonic contents on gastric sensory/motor responses and satiety in patients with constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐C) and overlapping dyspeptic symptoms, and a cohort of healthy subjects.MethodsIn 15 patients with IBS‐C and 10 healthy subjects, the effect of real versus sham colonic filling with gas (1080 ml) on gastric sensitivity (measured by stepwise distensions of the stomach), gastric compliance, abdominal perception, and nutrient drink tolerance was studied on separate days.ResultsIn healthy subjects, colonic gas filling induced an increment in gastric sensitivity to distension (mean score 2.0 ± 0.2 before, and 3.0 ± 0.4 after; p = 0.038). In IBS, basal sensitivity was greater and remained unchanged after colonic gas filling (score 4.0 ± 0.1 and 3.8 ± 0.3, respectively; p < 0.001 vs. basal in health). Colonic gas infusion induced abdominal symptoms that were significantly greater in IBS‐C (score 2.6 ± 0.1) than in health (score 1.7 ± 0.4; p = 0.027), with minor changes in gastric tone, and no changes in gastric compliance in both groups. Colonic filling produced a profound reduction in nutrient drink tolerance in IBS (791 ± 87 ml sham filling, 491 ± 58 ml gas filling; p < 0.001) but only a minor reduction in health (940 ± 70 ml sham filling, 860 ± 94 ml gas filling; p = 0.223).Conclusions & InferencesThe volume of the colonic contents modulates satiety in patients with IBS‐C, due to a general visceral pan‐hypersensitivity. These effects should be considered in the choice of treatment for constipation in these patients.